Improvements in the Construction of Tiles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 5th June, 1896-Accepted, 11th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Tiles.
I, WILLIAM ARTHUR CAMERON WALLER of 6, Kyverdale Road, Stoke
Newington London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of tiles for roofing purposes,
and has for its object to provide tiles which will lock themselves in position in a
simple and efficient manner.
In carrying out my invention, I form the tile with a number of projecting
surfaces on both faces, the surface being of special shape and adapted when the
tiles are fixed in position to engage with the projections on the adjacent tile. The
tiles may be of any suitable shape, and according to one arrangement are of
diamond shape with opposite corners cut off.
The lower sides of the tile may also be rounded to give a more ornamental
appearance. On the top surface and to the upper portion of the tile, three pro-
jecting surfaces are formed, consisting of a rib at the edge, extending from the
upper corner for an equal distance at each side, and two projections close the side
corners. Three projections are formed on the under surface adapted to fit
between the projections on the upper side of the adjacent tile so that the two will
interlock.
In order that the water may be prevented from penetrating between the tiles, a
drip arrangement is employed, consisting of a small V shaped or other suitably
formed channel in the projecting surfaces. These channels or gutters lead from
the upper ends of the projecting faces to the lower extremities, and any water
which may gather will run down these gutters, which will also prevent capillary
attraction.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference is had to
the accompanying sheet of drawings, in which
"
Fig. 1 is a plan of a tile according to my invention, Fig. 2 is a side view and
Fig. 3 a section of the same,
:
Fig. 4 is a plan showing the tiles connected together, Fig. 5 is a section of the
same,
Fig. 6 is a detail view of the gutter or drip, and
Figs. 7 and 8 show slight modifications.
Referring to Figs. 1 to. 6, A is the tile shown of diamond shape with the
corners a cut off. The arrangeinent is such that when the tiles are placed in
position these corners a abut against each other in each of the parallel rows, as
shown in Fig. 4 portions of the tiles being broken away in that figure to illustrate
the arrangement more clearly. On the upper surface of the tile, at the top, the
V shaped ledge or projection B is formed, extending along the edge for a short
distance. Below this ledge the projections B' are formed, a gap being left between
the surfaces. The extremities of B and B are preferably made parallel. The
edge b is formed at an angle to the cut off end a. so that when the tiles are placed
together as shown in Fig. 4 a wedge shaped gap will be formed by the adjacent
edges b. On the under surface three ledges are also employed the bottom one C
engaging between the projections B' on the two tiles immediately below. The
tiles are placed alternately, so that the lower points of each row project over the
ends a of the row immediately below, forming a diamond pattern. The ledges C¹

page_text: extend along the bottom of the tile to the ends a, gaps being left between C and C',
which receive the projections B' on the adjacent tiles. The central portious c of
the ledges C' exactly fill the gaps between B and B'. The ledges thus engage
with B and B', the tiles overlapping sufficiently far to allow of this.
D is the gutter or drip groove formed in all the ledges and illustrated in detail
in Fig. 6. As shown it extends parallel with the edges of the tile and guides any
water that may collect to a suitable point, from which it can escape without
penetrating below the surface of the tiles.
In order to secure the tiles to the battens E shown in Fig. 5, ribs or projections e
are employed extending from the under surface at the centre. These ribs are
sufficiently deep to clear the tile immediately below the one on which they are
formed, as the tile overlaps the one below for a short distance above the centre,
and allowance must therefore be made for the thickness of a tile. The battens E
*thus lie between the two ribs e which are placed horizontally.
Fig. 7 shows an arrangement in which the tiles A have their lower edges a¹
curved so as to give a more attractive or ornamental appearance to the tile the
arrangement otherwise remaining the same. The lower portions of the tiles may
be made semi-circular or of any other curve found suitable. According to Fig. 8
the tiles A are of somewhat elongated form, and the lower corners a³ are cut off.
With a locking tile constructed according to my invention there is no danger of
water penetrating owing to the drip device, and the tiles being made of sand and
cement they are non-conducting as regards heat and capillary action, which would
tend to draw the water up beyond the tiles is effectually stopped by the drip
groove.
Dated this 10th day of January 1896.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.
I WILLIAM ARTHUR CAMERON WALLER of 6, Kyverdale Road, Stoke
Newington, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved construction of tiles for roofing purposes,
and has for its object to provide tiles which will lock themselves in position in a
simple and efficient manner.
In carrying out my invention, I form the tile with a number of projecting
'surfaces on both faces, the surface being of special shape and adapted when the
tiles are fixed in position to engage with the projections on the adjacent tile. The
tiles may be of any suitable shape and according to one arrangement are of
diamond shape with opposite corners cut off.
The lower sides of the tile may also be rounded to give a more ornamental
appearance. On the top surface and to the upper portion of the tile, three
projecting surfaces are formed, consisting of a rib at the edge, extending from the
upper corner for an equal distance at each side, and two projections close the side
corners. Three projections are formed on the under surface adapted to fit
between the projections on the upper side of the adjacent tile so that the two will
interlock.
In order that the water may be prevented from penetrating between the tiles a
drip arrangement is employed, consisting of a small V shaped or other suitably
formed channel in the projecting surfaces. These channels or gutters lead from

page_text: the upper ends of the projecting faces to the lower extremities, and any water
which may gather will run down these gutters, which will also prevent capillary
attraction.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference is:had to
the drawings filed with the Provisional Specification in which
Fig. 1 is a plan of a tile according to my invention, Fig. 2 is a side view, and
Fig. 3 a section of the same,
Fig. 4 is a plan showing the tiles connected together, Fig. 5 is a section of the
same,
Fig. 6 is a detail view of the gutter or drip, and
Figs. 7 and 8 show slight modifications.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 6 A is the tile shown of diamond shape with the corners a
cut off. The arrangement is such that when the tiles are placed in position these
corners a abut against each other in each of the parallel rows, as shown in Fig. 4
portions of the tiles being broken away in that figure to illustrate the arrangement
more clearly. On the upper surface of the tile, at the top, the V shaped ledge or
projection B is formed, extending along the edge for a short distance. Below this
ledge the projections B' are formed, a gap being left between the surfaces. The
extremities of B and B are preferably made parallel. The edge b is formed at an
angle to the cut off end a so that when the tiles are placed together as shown
in Fig. 4 a wedge shaped gap will be formed by the adjacent edges b. On the
under surface three ledges are also employed the bottom one C engaging between
the projections B₁ on the two tiles immediately below. The tiles are placed
alternately, so that the lower points of each row project over the ends a of the row
immediately below, forming a diamond pattern. The ledges C' extend along the
bottom of the tile to the ends a, gaps being left between C and C¹ which receive
the projections B¹ on the adjacent tiles. The central portions of the ledges C¹
exactly fill the gaps between B and B'. The ledges thus engage with B and B',
the tiles overlapping sufficiently far to allow of this.
D is the gutter or drip groove formed in all the ledges and illustrated in detail
in Fig. 6. As shown it extends parallel with the edges of the tile and guides any
water that may collect to a suitable point, from which it can escape without
penetrating below the surface of the tiles.
In order to secure the tiles to the battens E shown in Fig. 5, ribs or projections e
are employed extending from the under surface at the centre. These ribs are
sufficiently deep to clear the tile immediately below the one on which they are
formed, as the tile overlaps the one below for a short distance above the centre,
and allowance must therefore be made for the thickness of a tile. The battens E
thus lie between the two ribs e which are placed horizontally.
Fig. 7 shows an arrangement in which the tiles A' have their lower edges a¹
curved so as to give a more attractive or ornamental appearance to the tile the
arrangement otherwise remaining the same. The lower portions of the tiles may
be made semi-circular or of any other curve found suitable. According to Fig. 8
the tiles A2 are of somewhat elongated form, and the lower corners a² are cut off.
With a locking tile constructed according to my invention there is no danger of
water penetrating owing to the drip device, and the tiles being made of sand and
cement they are non-conducting as regards heat, and capillary action, which would
tend to draw the water up beyond the tiles is effectually stopped by the drip
groove.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) In an improved locking tile formed with projections or ledges on each side
adapted to engage with each other, drip grooves formed in the said ledges and
parallel to the sides of the tile substantially as and for the purposes specified.
(2.) The improved locking tile formed with projections and ribs formed on each

page_text: side, adapted to engage with each other, and drip grooves in the said ledges
substantially as described and shown in Figs. 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings,
and for the purposes specified.
(3.) The improved locking tile provided with drip grooves substantially as
described and shown in Fig. 7 and for the purposes specified.
(4.) The improved locking tile provided with drip grooves substantially as
described and shown in Fig. 8.
Dated this 5th day of June 1896.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.