IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MA- CHINERY
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, of the Firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MA-
CHINERY."-A communication from abroad by Guillaume Joseph Snakers,
of Verviers, Belgium.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1866.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the employment of any kind of tubes, the
object or result of which is to cause the thread which is being spun to describe
a course or radius, as hereafter explained, on its entrance into the tube, whether
the discs shewn in the annexed Drawings, or any other forms of discs be used, or
whether the tube be perforated crookedly or obliquely, or otherwise; secondly,
in the arrangement, as hereafter described, of pressers which bear against and
not upon cylinders, and in the position of the spindle immediately under the

page_text: point of contact of the presser and the cylinder; thirdly, in a rocking move-
ment applied, as hereafter described, to the spindles for the purpose of removing
the spun thread without the necessity of moving the pressers; fourthly, in
what I term superspinning the threads, as hereafter described; and, fifthly,
in the arrangements, hereafter described, by which the tubes can be turned
over while the work is proceeding without causing any interruption.
The improvements will be fully understood by the annexed Drawings of a
machine to which they are applied, and by the following description.
Figure 1 is an elevation of that end of the machine where the driving strap
is situated; Figure 2 is a front elevation, Figure 3 a section, and Figure 4
an elevation of the opposite end; Figure 5 is a section of one of the tubes;
Figure 6 is a face view of the tube carrier; Figure 7 a side view of the
same, shewing the relative position of the tube, the cylinder, and its presser ;
Figure 8 is a view of the tube at the side where the thread enters, and where
the disc is fitted to the tube; Figures 9 and 10 show other kinds of discs for
the tube; Figure 11 is a view of the tube at the side where the thread
issues.
A, A, is the frame of the machine; B is a transverse beam; C, C, are the
spindles with their bobbins and pulleys; D, D, are collars surrounding the
spindles and terminating in a pad or shoulder, on which turns a ring formed
with a guide or twizzle or pigtail for guiding the thread upon the spindle in
proportion as the cylinder F delivers it while following the up-and-down move-
ment, which is communicated by the lifting bar on which the collars D are
fixed; E, E, are supports for maintaining the lifting bar and serving to raise
and lower it by chains, which roll and unroll upon and from pulleys o; F, F,
are cylinders, which deliver the drawn thread to the spindles; G, G, are
cylindrical pressers turning in the tube carriers H against the cylinders F, and
checking the thread by their own weight. The tube and presser carriers H
are held at their base by a socket fitted on a bar I, and are fixed there by a
screw, the extremity of which lodges in a recess in this bar, so, that while
maintaining them in place there is sufficient play to allow of their being
turned over backwards, and again being returned to their working position;
K, K, are tubes made to rotate by cords from a drum O. The entrance of
the thread by one of the discs shewn in Figures 8, 9, 10, which is fixed to the
tube by screws causes the thread which traverses it when rotating to describe
a course or radius out of its centre or regular travel, and thus imparts to it at
each revolution a slight jerk at the same time that it consolidates it by a
twist; each jerk necessarily lengthens the thread, and at the same time gives
it by the twist it receives, which ought always to be proportioned to the

page_text: fineness of the thread to be produced and to the quality of the wool, sufficient
strength to resist without breaking the drawing effected by the resistance of
the cylinders P, which have a development or evolution more rapid than the
cylinders F. The twist given by the tube is lost on leaving the hook which
terminates it, and which the thread follows. By the employment of this
arrangement of tubes and tube carriers it is not necessary to stop the machine
to repair a broken thread.
.
The tube carriers are arranged so that by turning them over upon the
obstacle M the cord which moves the tube relaxes and finally stops; the ends
of the presser are then made to slide out of their guides, and are lodged in
cavities formed for the purpose in. the covers of the tube carriers in order to
disengage the opening of the tube to allow of the introduction of a wire hook
which passes through it and seizes the end of the thread which is presented to
it and brought. back from the side of the cylinder. The tube carrier is
lowered by pressing upon the. bar L; on returning the presser into its guides
the. thread is taken back between the cylinders, and the tube renews its
rotation imparted by the tension of the cord; the end of the thread is recon-
nected to that of the spindle, and the work continues without any interruption.
By the arrangement of the tube the jerks are stronger than if its axis were
placed parallel to the point of contact of the cylinder P and its presser Q;
the presser G is caused to act only against and not open the cylinder F, which
allows of placing the spindle vertically and immediately below the point of
contact of the two cylinders F and G, so that hardly has the thread issued
before it receives instantaneously all the twist intended for it. By means of
these tubes I can superspin, that is to say, that when it is required to
obtain from a wool which is relatively ordinary a product fiuer than its quality
would otherwise.allow of I give it. a first spinning, and then proceed to give
it a. second spinning in the following manner :-I fix the spindlefulls of the
first.spinning in spindles fitted for the purpose in a wooden piece which is
placed, say, on a grooved drum a, where in its place each thread is passed as
in the first spinning between the cylinders and through the tubes; the move-
ment. of the tubes is then accelerated in such manner that they can not only.
untwist the thread already spun, but again give it a twist in the reverse
direction to that it originally received, and sufficiently strong to enable it to
resist the drag of the drawing apparatus. The twist given by the tubes to
the thread is lost on leaving the hook of the tube as already described; but.
that given in the first spinning is preserved under conditions proportioned to
the lengthening undergone by the thread; this remaining twist sensibly:
strengthening the thread prevents it breaking so often, and it is therefore.

page_text: unnecessary to give it so much twist to attain the desired degree of strength.
By this superspinning, which may be repeated once or oftener, the product
obtained is a great deal finer and more regular. M, M, are boards covering
the cords and serving as stops to the tubes when they are turned over; N is a
drum which drives the spindles by cords, and O is a drum which drives the
tubes by cords. The spindles and tubes may be made to turn to the right or
left as desired; P is a cylinder for delivering the thread z unwound from the
bobbin y; Qis a presser turning against the cylinder P, and maintaining by
its weight the thread from the bobbin; R is a shaft on which turns a loose
pulley S, and on which are fixed the driving pulleys T, U, and V. The
pulley T communicates motion to the drum N, and the pulley U to the
drum O. and to a bevil wheel W in gear with another wheel X on a
shaft Y, the end of which carries a pinion Z. This pinion by the pinions a, b,
imparts the motion to the shaft c carrying pinions & gearing into pinions & ou
the ends of the cylinders F; f,f, are pinions imparting the motion by the
gearing g to the cylinders P; h is a pinion on the opposite end of the cylinders
F imparting the motion by the wheels i, k, l, to the excentric m, the screw v
of which screwing into the rack n by a roller moving on one of its ends follows
its contour, drawing into its to-and-fro movement the pinion o, on the shaft
of which are fixed pulleys holding chains, which by winding and unwinding
upon and from them cause the support E to which these chains are attached
to rise and fall, drawing into their vertical movement the lifting bar which
carries the collars D; another chain p transmits this movement to the thread
guide on the opposite side, and in order to re-establish the equilibrium of the
weight of the thread guides a counterweight q is attached to each of the two
shafts o.
The excentric is formed in such manner that the movement of the
thread guide in rising is more rapid than in falling; r is an endless screw
moving by the pinions s, t, a pinion u fixed to the screw by a wedge having
sufficient play not to prevent its to-and-fro movement, while at the same time
offering sufficient resistance to cause the turning of the screw which makes the
rack advance and the thread guide rise. In order to facilitate the removal of the
filled bobbins when sufficiently charged without disarranging the pressers G
the bars A where the bearings of the spindles are held are pivoted on pins
held in the frame A, and are united by columns C³ to the bars B³, which
carry the cups supporting the spindles; to these bars metal pieces forming a
guide are connected. E is a bar, one end of which is terminated by a
lever F, which when lowered causes the bars A' connected to B² to make a
rocking movement by means of links H³, the end of which is terminated by a
pin which enters the guide of the metal pieces, last referred to, in such manner

page_text: as to cause the upper end of the spindles to pass out and facilitate the removal
of the filled bobbins; this operation being completed the spindles are returned
to their vertical position by a contrary movement given to the lever F³, and
it is then secured by turning the endless screw 1, which by gearing into the
rack G makes the bar E' advance drawing the links H, the ends of the pins
of which forming nuts enters cavities formed for the purpose in the base of the
supports K. The end of the rod of the crank w, which is square, is fitted
into a hole in the end of the screw v, in order to rescrew it after the operation
of removing the filled bobbins, when the endless screw has been displaced
by making it slide on the wedge before named, in order to throw it out of
gear with the pinion s; which is afterwards replaced into position after the
To modify the twist the pinion 6 is changed, and to modify the
drawing the pinion f is changed.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Clinton Edgcumbe
Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th May 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CLINTON
EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Clinton
Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY," (communicated to
me from abroad by Guillaume Joseph Snakers, of Verviers, Belgium,) upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
5 or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-

page_text: formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
on or before the Twenty-fifth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-seven.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists, first, in the employment of any kind of tubes, the
object or result of which is to cause the thread which is being spun to describe a
course or radius as hereafter explained on its entrance into the tube, whether
the discs shewn in the annexed Drawings, or any other forms of discs be used,
or whether the tube be perforated crookedly or obliquely, or otherwise;
secondly, in the arrangement as hereafter described of pressers which bear
against and not upon cylinders, and in the position of the spindle immediately
under the point of contact of the presser and the cylinder; thirdly, in a rocking
movement applied as hereafter described to the spindles for the purpose of
removing the spun thread without the necessity of moving the pressers;
fourthly, in what I term superspinning the threads as hereafter described;
and, fifthly, in the arrangements hereafter described by which the tubes can be
turned over while the work is proceeding without causing any interruption.
The improvements will be fully understood by the annexed Drawings of a
machine to which they are applied, and by the following description.
Figure 1 is an elevation of that end of the machine where the driving strap
is situated, Figure 2 a front elevation, Figure 3 a section, and Figure 4 an
elevation of the opposite end; Figure 5 is a section on a larger scale of one of
the tubes; Figure 6 is a face view of the tube carrier; Figure 7 a side view
of the same, showing the relative position of the tube, the cylinder, and its
presser; Figure 8 is a view of the tube at the side where the thread enters
and where the disc is fitted to the tube; Figures 9 and 10 show other kinds
of discs for the tube; Figure 11 is a view of the tube at the side where the
thread issues.
A, A, is the frame of the machine; B is a transverse beam; C, C, are the
spindles with their bobbins and pullies; D, D, are collars surrounding the
spindles, and terminating in a pad or shoulder, on which turns a ring formed
with a guide, or twizzle, or pig tail for guiding the thread upon the spindle in
proportion as the cylinder F delivers it while following the up-and-down move-
ment which is communicated by the lifting bar on which the collars D are fixed;
E, E, are supports for maintaining the lifting bar, and serving to raise and

page_text: lower it by chains, which roll and unroll upon and from pullies o; F, F, are
cylinders which deliver the drawn thread to the spindles; G, G, are cylindrical
pressers turning in the tube carriers H against the cylinders F, and checking
the thread by their own weight. The tube and presser carriers H are held
at their base by a socket fitted on a bar I, and are fixed there by a screw, the
extremity of which lodges in a recess in this bar, so that while maintaining
them in place there is sufficient play to allow of their being turned over back-
wards, and again being returned to their working position; K, K, are tubes
made to rotate by cords from a drum O. The entrance of the thread by one
of the discs shown in Figures 8, 9, 10, which is fixed to the tube by screws,
causes the thread which traverses it when rotating to describe a course or
radius out of its centre or regular travel, and thus imparts to it at each revo-
lution a slight jerk at the same time that it consolidates it by a twist. Each
jerk necessarily lengthens the thread, and at the same time gives it by the
twist it receives, which ought always to be proportioned to the fineness of the
thread to be produced, and to the quality of the wool, sufficient strength to
resist without breaking the drawing effected by the resistance of the cylinders P,
which have a developement or evolution more rapid than the cylinders F. The
twist given by the tube is lost on leaving the hook which terminates it, and
which the thread follows. By the employment of this arrangement of tubes
and tube carriers it is not necessary to stop the machine to repair a broken
thread; the tube carriers are arranged so that by turning them over upon the
obstacle M the cord which moves the tube relaxes, and finally stops; the ends
of the presser are then made to slide out of their guides, and are lodged in
cavities formed for the purpose in the covers of the tube carriers in order to
disengage the opening of the tube to allow of the introduction of a wire hook,
which passes through it and seizes the end of the thread which is presented to
it, and brought back from the side of the cylinder; the tube carrier is lowered
by pressing upon the bar L; on returning the presser into its guides the
thread is taken back between the cylinders, and the tube renews its rotation
imparted by the tension of the cord, the end of the thread is re-connected to
that of the spindle, and the work continues without any interruption.
By the arrangement of the tube the jerks are stronger than if its axis were
placed parallel to the point of contact of the cylinder P and its presser Q;
the presser G is caused to act only against and not upon the cylinder F, which
allows of placing the spindle vertically and immediately below the point of
contact of the two cylinders F and G, so that hardly has the thread issued
before it receives instantaneously all the twist intended for it. By means of
these tubes I can superspin, that is to say, that when it is required to obtain

page_text: from a wool which is relatively ordinary a product finer than its quality would
otherwise allow of I give it a first spinning, and then proceed to give it a
second spinning in the following manner :-I fix the spindlefuls of the first
spinning in spindles fitted for the purpose in a wooden piece which is placed,
say, on a grooved drum a, where in its place each thread is passed, as in the
first spinning, between the cylinders and through the tubes; the movement of
the tubes is then accelerated in such manner that they can not only untwist
the thread already spun, but again give it a twist in the reverse direction to
that it originally received, and sufficiently strong to enable it to resist the drag
of the drawing apparatus. The twist given by the tubes to the thread is
lost on leaving the hook of the tube, as already described, but that given in
the first spinning is preserved under conditions proportioned to the lengthening
undergone by the thread, this remaining twist sensibly strengthening the
thread prevents it breaking so often, and it is therefore unnecessary to give it
so much twist to attain the desired degree of strength. By this 'superspinning,
which may be repeated once or oftener, the product obtained is a great deal
finer and more regular. M, M, are boards covering the cords, and serving as
stops to the tubes when they are turned over; N is a drum, which drives the
spindles by cords; and O is a drum which drives the tubes by cords. The
spindles and tubes may be made to turn to the right or left, as desired; P is
a cylinder for delivering the thread z unwound from the bobbin y; Q is a
presser turning against the cylinder P, and maintaining by its weight the
thread from the bobbin; R is a shaft, on which turns a loose pulley S, and on
which are fixed the driving pulleys T, U, and V. The pulley U communicates
motion to the drum N, and the pulley V to the drum O and to a bevil wheel
W in gear with another wheel X on a shaft Y, the end of which carries a
pinion Z; this pinion, by the pinions a, b, imparts the motion to the shaft c,
carrying pinions & gearing into pinions e on the ends of the cylinder F; fis
a pinion, imparting the motion by the gearing g to the cylinders P, P; h is a
pinion, imparting the motion by the wheels i, k, l, to the excentric m, the
screw of which screwing into the rack n by a roller moving on one of its
ends follows its contour, drawing into its to-and-fro movement the pinion o, on
the shaft of which are fixed pulleys holding chains which by winding and
unwinding upon and from them cause the support E to which these chains are
attached to rise and fall, drawing into their vertical movement the lifting bar
which carries the collars D; another chain P transmits this movement to the
thread guide on the opposite side, and in order to re-establish the equilibrium
of the weight of the thread guides a counterweight q is attached to each of
the two shafts o. The excentric is formed in such manner that the movement

page_text: of the thread guide in rising is more rapid than in falling. r is an endless
screw moving by the pinions s, t, a pinion u fixed to the screw v by a wedge
having sufficient play not to prevent its to-and-fro movement, while at the
same time offering sufficient resistance to cause the turning of the screw;
which makes the rack advance and the thread guide rise. In order to facilitate
the removal of the filled bobbins, when sufficiently charged without dis-
arranging the pressers G, the bars A* where the bearings of the spindles are
held are pivoted on pins held in the frame A, and are united by columns C³ to
the bars B, which carry the cups supporting the spindles; to these bars metal
pieces Ds forming a guide are connected; D³ is a bar, one end of which is
terminated by a lever F³, which when lowered causes the bars A connected to
B to make a rocking movement by means of links H³, the end of which is
terminated by a pin, which enters the guide of the metal pieces D. in such
manner as to cause the upper end of the spindles to pass out and facilitate the
removal of the filled bobbins; this operation being completed the spindles are
returned to their vertical position by a contrary movement given to the lever F³;
and it is then secured by turning the endless screw Is, which .by gearing into
the rack G makes the bar E advance, drawing the links H³, the ends of the
pins of which forming nuts enter cavities formed for the purpose in the base
of the supports K. The end of the rod of the crank handle w, which is square,
is fitted into a hole in the end of the screw vin order to re-screw it after the
operation of removing the filled bobbins when the endless screw r has been
displaced by making it slide on the wedge before named in order to throw it
out of gear with the pinion s, which is afterwards replaced into position after
the screw v.
To modify the twist the pinion 6 is changed, and to modify the Drawing
the pinion is changed. It will always be well to have a series of change
pinions and pulleys in order to be able to produce various kinds of spinning.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, or in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the "Improve-
ments in Spinning Machinery,"-
First, the employment of any kind of tubes, the object or result of which is
to cause the thread which is being spun to describe a course or radius as and
for the purpose herein-before explained on its entrance into the tube, whether
the discs shewn in the annexed Drawings and herein-before referred to or any
other forms of discs be used, or whether the tube be perforated crookedly, or
obliquely, or otherwise.
Second, the arrangement, as herein-before described and représented in the
annexed Drawings, of pressers which bear against and not upon cylinders,

page_text: whereby the spindles may be placed vertically and immediately below the
point of contact of the pressers and cylinders.
Third, the rocking movement applied substantially as herein-before described
and represented in the annexed Drawings to the spindles for the purpose of
removing the spun thread without the necessity of moving the pressers.
Fourth, the arrangement substantially as herein-before described for what
I have herein-before termed superspinning the threads...
Fifth, the arrangement substantially as herein-before described and repre-
sented in the annexed Drawings by which the tubes can be turned over while
the work is proceeding without causing any interruption.
In witness whereof, I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, have here-
.unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of May, One thou-
sand eight hundred and sixty-seven.