IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC ACID GAS: OR GAS FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: I AUGUSTE PONSARD of Paris, France, 65 Rue d'Amsterdam Engineer do hereby'
declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC ACID GAS: OR GAS FOR HEATING AND
LIGHTING PURPOSES " to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction and application of a high pressure
gazogene or apparatus for the manufacture of carbonic acid gas for use in blast and
other furnaces also for lighting and heating gas from any kind of fuel such as coke
uninflammable coal, anthracite, Lignite, wood, and charcoal.
The invention consists of a small blast furnace mounted in an iron covering lined.
in the interior with refractory materials.
The furnace top is closed by a charging box with a valve placed above a charging
hopper. The tuyeres (of which the number may vary at will,) are pierced into the
walls of the furnace.
The gazogene is placed in a large bell of sheet iron furnished with a sufficient
number of peep holes to "sight" the interior and a tube leads the air, compressed
by any kind of blowing machine into the bell the pressure of the air sent into the
bell can be varied at will.
The maintenance of the gazogene is effected through a double door by which the
workmen can enter the apparatus or go out to supply fuel or extract the slag.
The charging of the gazogene is effected by means of a service bridge on which the
supply of fuel is brought by means of a small lift. A pipe for conducting the gas
places the gazogene in communication with the consumption apparatus passing
through one or several purifiers where the dust settles. When the combustion is
stopped in the apparatus a valve mounted on a conducting pipe for the gas allows
it to escape into the atmosphere.
The compressed air which fills the large bell enters into the apparatus by the.
toyeres placed at the base of the furnace and the air penetrates into the furnace as
the gas goes off.
The exit orifice of the gas has a suitable relation with the total section of the
tuyeres whereby the pressure in the gazogene becomes equal to that of the air
contained in the bell. So that if in the bell the air is at one atmosphere pressure
the gas in the gazogene and the pipes conducting it will be at the same pressure: >
Prine fd1
"

page_text: It is also easy to regulate the tuyere sections making them numerous enough
and arranging their outlets so as to establish an equilibrium between the pressure
of the gas in the gazogene and the pressure of the air in the bell, so as to avoid
choking up in the gazogene and to assist the descent of the fuel, holes placed at
different heights allowing of tapping bars being introduced so as to help the regular
descent of the fuel. These openings are closed by a movable plug that can be
raised and replaced when required. The fuel employed may be coke, uninflammable
coal, lignite, wood or charcoal and with the fuel suitable fluxes are added so as to
liquify the slag from the fuel even a small amount of sea salt may be added to the
charges. The liquified slags are run out either intermittently or continuously into
a tank of sheet iron full of water, the water may be put in by charging it or run in
from a pump by a pipe and is thrown outside the bell by the pressure of the air in
the interior. A cock regulates the flowing out of the water.
A little pipo forming a circle round the gazogene above the tuyeres carries a
small stream of water which drops down above each tuyere and the water drawn
in by the entering air into the tuyeres is decomposed when passing across the
incandescent fuel, to enrich the produced gas with hydrogen.
The pipes conducting the gas are furnished on the interior with a lining of
refractory earth so as to preserve as much as possible, (if it is useful) the gas hot
until it is used.
A second disposition allows of the gazogene being charged outside the bell of
compressed air. For this purpose the pipe containing the charges passes across a
fixed flue in the centre of the bell. The said pipe is terminated by a double set of
dampers topped by a hopper to receive the fuel and it is by means of these
dampers that the charging of the fuel into the hopper is effected."
i
PRODUCTION OF CARBONIC ACID.
:
To produce carbonic acid under pressure it suffices, the gazogene working as
for the production of carbonic oxide to introduce air above the bed of coal so as to
burn the carbonic oxide and transform it into carbonic acid; to cause this trans-
formation it suffices to unstop certain holes made in the upper part of the shaft of
the guzogene the compressed air filling the bell enters the gazogene mixes with the
carbonic oxide and transforms this latter into carbonic acid which leaves the
gazogene at the pressure of the compressed air in the bell. At the exit of the
gazogene the gas passes into the purifying apparatus and goes from there into
the receiving apparatus which have to use it.
Carbonic acid gas can thus be produced for the manufacture of sugar, of soda and
of all other manufactures employing carbonic acid. The gas being produced under
pressure can be thrown into the recarburetters by pipes or tuyeres and there is no
need of pumps to compress it.
MANUFACTURE OF LIGHTING GAS.
With this apparatus lighting gas can equally well be manufactured cheaply using
any fuel, by sending along with the air by the tuyeres a suitable amount of water
which by decomposing enriches the carbonic oxide gas and of hydrogen. One can
also send in with or without water liquid hydrocarbons drawn in by the air for
combustion. At the exit of the apparatus the gas passes into purifyers to desul
phurize it and into the water coolers to go from thence and accumulate in the
gasometers without need of the gas extracting machines.
The coolers can be made similar to steam condensers in which a shower of water
falls on to the gas to cool it, the water accumulates in the bottom of the condensers
and as the gas is there under pressure it suffices to regulate the exit of the water
by a cock so as to regulate the height of water in the condenser.
:
The working of the gazogene for the .manufacture of lighting gas may be
continuous or intermittent In case it is required to produce gas containing

page_text: nitrogen the working would be continuous and the gas would be very suitable for
heating by gas and even for lighting. But if rich gas is wished for, the working
would be intermittent the fuel contained in the gazogene would be heated for a
time and so as to have the greatest quantity of carbon possible carried to a high
temperature several rows of tuyeres would be inserted in the base of the apparatus
and the products of combustion would be thrown into the space during this time
having previously taken care to stop the communication of the gazogene with the
conducting tubes of the gas and of the gasometers.
When the fuel is in a high state of incandescence water, or steam is thrown on
by the tuyeres and the gas furnished by the decomposition of the water goes under
pressure into the gasometers after having passed into the various purifying
apparatus and coolers.
It goes without saying that at the moment of injecting the
water or water vapour into the apparatus the communication with the atmosphere
must be first closed, and that with the gasometers reestablished. To inject water
or water vapour a little special apparatus allows of the tuyeres being plugged so
that air cannot enter the apparatus. This apparatus consists of a plug that is
introduced into the tuyeres hole this plug is pierced in the middle so as to fit on it
the pipe conducting the water or the water vapour.

page_text: I AUGUSTE PONSARD of Paris, France, 65 Rue d'Amsterdam Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC ACID GAS, OR GAS FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING
PURPOSES," and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the construction and application of a high pressure
gazogene or apparatus for the manufacture of carbonic oxide gas for use in blast
and other furnaces also for lighting and heating gas from any kind of fuel such as
coke, uninflammable coal, anthracite, lignite, wood, and charcoal.
My invention will be clearly understood by the aid of the annexed drawings.
The invention consists of a small blast furnace A (Figures 1 and 2) inserted in
an iron covering B lined in the interior with refractory material.
The furnace top is closed by a charging box C with a valve D placed above a
charging hopper. The tuyeres E (of which the number may vary at will) are
inserted into the walls of the furnace.
The gazogene is placed in a large bell F of sheet iron furnished with a sufficient
number of peep holes G to sight the interior and a tube H leads the air, compressed
by any kind of blowing machine into the bell F the pressure of the air sent into
the bell can be varied at will.
The maintenance of the gazogene is effected through a double door I by which
the workmen can enter the apparatus or go out to supply fuel or extract the slag.
The charging of the gazogene is effected by means of a service bridge on which the
supply of fuel is brought by means of a small lift. A pipe K for conducting the
gas places the gazogene in communication with the apparatus passing through one
or several purifiers L where the dust settles for the purpose of allowing the gas etc
to escape.
When the combustion is stopped in the apparatus a valve M mounted
on the conducting pipe K for the gas allows it to escape into the atmosphere.
It will be easily seen that the compressed air which fills the large bell F enters
into the apparatus by the tuyeres E placed at the base of the furnace and the air
penetrates into the furnace as the gas goes off..
The exit orifice of the gas has a suitable relation with the total section of the
tuyeres, the pressure in the gazogene becomes equal to that of the air contained in
the bell. So that if in the bell the air is at one atmosphere pressure, the gas in
the gazogene and in the pipes conducting it will be at this same pressure.
It is also easy to regulate the tuyere sections making them numerous enough
and arranging their outlets so as to establish the equilibrium between the pressure
of the gas in the gazogene and the pressure of the air in the bell, so as to avoid
choking up in the gazogene and to assist the descent of the fuel. Holes N placed
at different heights allow of tapping bars being introduced so as to help the
regular descent of the fuel. These openings are closed by a movable plug that
can be raised and replaced when required. The fuel employed may be coke,
upinflammable coal, lignite, wood or charcoal, and with the fuel suitable, fluxes

page_text: '
having previously taken care to stop the communication of the gazogene with the
conducting tubes of the gas and of the gasometers.
2
When the fuel is in a high state of incandescence, water or steam vapour is
thrown on by the tuyères and the gas furnished by the decomposition of the water
goes under pressure into the gasometers after having passed into the various
purifying apparatus and coolers. At the moment of injecting the water or water
vapour into the apparatus the communication with the atmosphere must be first
closed, and that, with the gasometers reestablished: To inject water or water
vapour, a little special apparatus allows of the tuyeres being plugged so that air
cannot enter the apparatus. This apparatus consists of a plug that is introduced
into the tuyeres hole, this plug is pierced in the middle so as to fit on it the pipe
conducting the water or the water vapour.
:
According to another arrangement and modification the gazogene consists of i
small blast furnace A working under pressure. It is mounted in an envelope of
sheet iron lined internally with refractory materials. There is a hearth B to receive
the metal and melted slag and to run them off.
The gazogene or small blast furnace is placed in a larger chamber or bell C of
sheet iron surrounding the furnace A hermétrically. This bell is furnished with a
series of sight holes a a a a a to inspect the interior.
A pipe D from a blowing machine leads the compressed air which has to feed the
gazogene into the bell C.
The service of the gazogene is effected by a double door E, E, by which the
workmen enter and leave the apparatus each time the service requires it.
A pipe to conduct the gas F puts the gazogene in connection with the apparatus
using the gas causing it to pass through a carburetting apparatus.
The coal which is withdrawn from the retorts, after distillation more or less
complete is then used to charge into the gazogene.
Instead of coal, boghead, asphalte or any bituminous substance, tar, olive oil
cake etc can be used.
The gas coming from the gazogene A comes into the lower part of the carburizing.
apparatus.
The compressed air which fills the bell C enters into the gazogene A by a series
of holes L, L, L, forming tuyeres and pierced on one or several rows into the bottom
of the furnace, the compressed air enters the furnace as the gas is used so that the
gas outlet F bearing a suitable proportion to the total section of the pipes L L ;
the pressure in the gazogene should be equal to that of the air contained in the
bell C so that, if in the bell the air is at a pressure of 30, 40, 50 centimetres
height of mercury, the gas in the gazogene and in the conducting pipes will be at
the same pressure.
It is besides easy to regulate the section of the entrance for the air into the
gazogene, by making a sufficient number of holes that are opened so as to establish
an equilibrium between-the pressure of the gas in the gazogene A and that of the
air in the bell C. The whole of the gazogene, except the double box for feeding
and the portion at the hole M can be put under the same pressure as that of the
chamber C.
The fuel used may be uninflammable coal, lignite, wood, charcoal, peat, etc and
with the fuel suitable fluxes are charged so as to liquify the ashes of the fuel as
well with iron or manganese ores so as to produce a certain quantity of metal in
order to help the flowing of the slag which should be abundant enough and
calcareous so as to absorb the sulphur of the fuel.
The molten slag is run out either continuously or intermittently and the metal
is run out each time that the hearth B is full. It is needless to enter into the
bell C for the service of running out and raising the slag which is effected through
the opening M which isolates the gazogene A, opposite the running out hole this
hole is placed in constant communication-with-the exterior. Thus the operation of
running out is done as in the ordinary furnace.

page_text: The charging of the apparatus is effected by means of a charging box N with
double valve P, P, placed in the upper part of the gazogene.
A piston P² the rod of which carries the valves P, P', allow of the fuel being
put into the furnace A. This piston is worked by compressed air taken from the
chamber C by means of the tube Q and by the help of the two double cocks R, R,
the valves can be raised or lowered.
Thus when the charge is in the box N for charging the lower conical valve P
closes the opening of the charging box free to receive the charge. When the
piston is lowered the upper valve P₁ closes the upper opening of the charging box
and the lower valve P₁ which is lowered allows the charge to fall into the charging
cone S of the furnace..
The charging cone S is of fire proof masonry it receives the successive charges
which spread themselves in the furnace below the vault T which supports it,
leaving an annular space U which receives the gas given off by the furnace and
arrives there by the openings V V' leading under vault T; from there the gas
then passes into the pipe F.
In case of using damp fuel such as lignites, turf, etc the water vapour given off
whilst the charges are in the cone S is lead by a pipe ✗ to the bottom of the
furnace and drawn with the air into the gazogene by a nozzle Y forming a Giffard's
injector. This steam thus sent into the part of the furnace containing the fuel at
high temperature is decomposed into oxide of carbon and hydrogen.
A valve Z allows of the cutting off communication between the top of the hopper
and the bottom of the-furnace.
The high pressure gazogene melting its slag as has been described, is applicable
to the manufacture of burning gas used in metallurgy, glass works, and every other
similar industry using this gas; even lighting gas can be obtained under pressure,
or carbonic acid. Its action is increased by that of the carburetter which allows
waste products low in price to be used, to enrich the gas coming from the gazogene,
and to make it produce, by its combustion with air and by reason of its pressure,
more intense effects.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The apparatus shown at Figure 1 and the modification thereof shown at
Figure 2 of the annexed drawings for the manufacture of carbonic acid gas or other
gas suitable for heating and lighting purposes as described.
2. The valve arrangement described with reference to Figure 3 of the annexed
drawings and the method of automatically feeding the fuel to the kiln or furnace
(without escape of gas during the movement of said valve) by compressed air from
the chamber as set forth.
3. The method or apparatus by which the moist vapour is withdrawn from the
upper part of the kiln and utilized in the lower part in conjunction with air of the
tuyere by injection as set forth with reference to Figure 3 of the drawings.
Dated
де
9th February 1865.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Auguste Ponsard.