IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING OR IMPELLING LIQUID OR GASEOUS BODIES
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention
of IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING OR IMPELLING LIQUID OR
GASEOUS BODIES." A communication from abroad by Emanuel Denis Farcot,
of Paris, in the Republic of France.
Sealed the 26th November 1878, and dated the 4th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1878.
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING
OR IMPELLING LIQUID OR GASEOUS BODIES." [A communication from abroad by
Emanuel Denis Farcot, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for moving liquid or
gaseous bodies by means of an exhausting or blowing turbine or rotating fan.
The blades of the fan, instead of being straight or bent in a regular curve, as is
sometimes the case in this class of apparatus, are of such a form, and are arranged in
such a manner that the openings for the admission and exit of the air, gases, or
liquids are of the same sectional area.
The fan blades at their inner ends are curved back so that the admission of the
fluid by the central orifice is effected at an angle of about 45° to the radius of the
turbine or fan, so that the blades will not suddenly strike the entering fluid, but
will simply divide it. After this curve of 45°, the blade is bent back in the opposite
direction, so as either to coincide with a radius of the turbine, or it may be bent to
a curve which will carry it backwards in order to obtain the maximum effect of
the centrifugal force for a given number of rotations.
The outer ends of the fan blades are then bent back again suddenly towards the
outer circumference or periphery of the fan or turbine, so as to cause the escape of

page_text: the fluid to take place only in the direction opposite to that of the rotation of the
fan. In addition to these main fan blades, there are also short or smaller ones
arranged between the main blades, and secured near to the circumference of the fan.
The object of this arrangement is to prevent the return of the escaping fluid, and
to cause it to pass out in the form of parallel streams which are tangential to the
circumference of the fan. These additional blades may be continued inwards to a
greater or less extent, provided there is left between them a discharging aperture,
equal in sectional area to that of the central supply opening, so that the speed of
the escaping fluid will be equal to that of the supply.
The sides of the fan or turbine are made in the form of flat cones so as to cause
the escaping passages between the main blades to be of the same sectional area
throughout. The fluid when it escapes from the periphery of the turbine or fan
enters a chamber arranged around the fan in the form of a double spiral, the outer
one of which joins tangentially on to the discharging oritice of the fan case.
internal spiral, which is placed on each side of the fan or turbine, is formed of sheet
iron fixed to the inner sides of the casing. These two spirals form together a
passage of uniform section which is connected with the discharging orifice of the
case.
The
In order to diminish the tendency of the air (whether sucked in or forced out)
from escaping past the working parts, these latter and the fixed parts of the casing
contiguous thereto, are provided with annular grooves which interlock, but leave a
certain amount of free space to prevent the parts from rubbing. These interlocking
grooves will form a very material obstruction to the passage of air past them, and
will thus prevent leakage.
It will be understood that apparatus constructed in the manner or on the prin-
ciple above mentioned, will be applicable for ventilating purposes, acting either as
exhausters or pressure blowers, or pumps for raising liquids may be constructed on
the same plan, but for this latter purpose it will be necessary to construct the
apparatus in a substantial manner so as to be strong enough to resist the strain to
which it will be subjected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th December 1878.
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING
OR IMPELLING LIQUID OR GASEOUS BODIES." A communication from abroad by
Emanuel Denis Farcot, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for moving liquid or
gaseous bodies by means of a suction or impelling turbine or rotating fan.
This turbine or fan has for its principal object the securing a better result than
has heretofore been attained in this class of apparatus by ensuring the free flow of
the fluid through the turbine, and utilizing the effects of the centrifugal force
generated therein.
The blades or passages of the fan or wheel of the turbine are curved in such a
way that the admission of the fluid by the central orifice is effected at an angle of
about forty-five degrees to the radius of the fan or wheel; they are then bent back
so as nearly to coincide with the radii of the fan or wheel, in order to obtain the
maximum effect of the centrifugal force; their ends are then bent in the opposite
direction and towards the periphery of the fan or wheel, so as to cause the escape of
the fluid to take place only in the direction opposite to that of the rotation of the
fan or wheel.
The curve at the ends of the blades being in the direction opposite that of the
rotation of the turbine or blower, will permit of the utilization of the re-action
effected by the escaping fluid, in order to reduce the amount of motive force re-
quired. Care should be taken to cause the fluid to escape preferentially by narrowed
passages, so that its escaping speed should be equal to about seventy-five per cent.
of the circumferential speed of the turbine.
In addition to the ordinary blades of the fan or wheel, small elementary blades
may be employed to prevent the back flow of the fluid, and also to ensure that the
fluid shall escape in parallel streams tangential to the circumference of the fan or
wheel. The interior passages of the apparatus should be preferably of uniform
sectional area, so as to avoid as much as possible objectionable eddies.
The apparatus may also be furnished with fixed blades inclined in the opposite
direction to the moving ones, and placed beyond these latter. The speed of the
escaping fluid (the direction of which will prevent any shock) will consequently be
diminished, and the useful effects will be increased.
When the apparatus is not furnished with the small fixed blades, the fluid which
is thrown back by the fan or wheel will be received in a suitably placed reception
chamber arranged so as to utilise the effects of the flow and direction of the fluid,
and at the same time to stop injurious eddies.
Cones of adjustment are placed at the entrance and exit for the fluid, in order to
reduce the speed in the passages to diminish friction, and to obtain the best results
corresponding to the diminution of the exit speed of the fluid.
In order to regulate the delivery of the fluid, the exit apertures for the fluid may
be narrowed by employing thin metal plates which are attached by hinges to the
sides of the circulation passages, according to the position given to these plates, the
sectional area of the exit apertures will be enlarged or diminished, and so affect the
rate of delivery of the fluid from the apparatus.
The whole of these thin metal plates may be moved the same amount at the
same time by operating each of them by a pawl, a cam, or other equivalent mechan-
ical device, which should be mounted on a plate attached to the axis of the
apparatus, and actuated from the outside.

page_text: Apparatus constructed on the principle above described are equally applicable as
exhausting or blowing fans, or as pumps for raising liquids. In this latter case, it
would be necessary to construct the apparatus of greater resisting force relatively to
the nature of the work to be done.
In the accompanying Drawing,―
The
Figures 1 and 2 are sections of a ventilator constructed according to this system,
and furnished with the herein-before mentioned small additional blades a
sectional area of the passages b is equal, the width of the apparatus, diminishing in
proportion as the circumference is approached, which compensates for the enlarge-
ment of the width between two consecutive plates.
The apparatus shewn in Fig. 3 is intended to work at a high rate of speed, its
dimensions being proportionately decreased. It is supplied with passages C which
are curved or bent as herein-before described, and through which the air circulates
at a low rate of speed. These passages chave parallel sides, and they are therefore
of the same sectional area throughout. Interposed between the passages are her-
metically closed chambers d, the contour of which gives the required form to the
passages.
The escape orifices o of the passages are narrowed either permanently or by
means of adjustable thin metal plates f, so as only to have the section corresponding
to the volume to be delivered with a speed equal to about seventy-five per cent. of
the speed of rotation, and thus permit of diminishing the loss of useful results
caused by friction and eddies. This arrangement, which is very favourable to the
delivery, necessitates however increased action of the apparatus to attain a given
amount of discharge, or the passages may be left with an equal section throughout,
a circular envelope may then be employed (shewn at Figures 4 and 5), by which
means the air will be forced to flow laterally or sideways in the envelope as it
passes from the curved passages.
In Figures 4 and 5 is illustrated a double ventilator constructed on exactly the same
principles as the single one described with reference to Fig. 3, but the apparatus is so
The independent passages B,
arranged as to have an entirely circular envelope A.
the sides of which are parallel, are of equal sectional area, and their orifices are so
arranged as to present a sufficient space for the volume of fluid to escape with a
speed equal to about seventy-five per cent. of the speed of rotation. Friction and
eddies will thus be considerably reduced, and it becomes possible to make the curved
chamber D (which is placed at the side to receive the fluid) of the smallest possible
dimensions, sufficient only for the volume which is delivered from the fan or wheel
to circulate at a speed equal to about twenty-five per cent. of the speed of rotation.
In the double ventilator shown in the Drawing, the air which flows from the
first ventilator M, M, at a low speed, passes into the intermediate chamber P, P, the
spiral partitions of which conduct it into the passages B, B, of the second ventilator,
from whence it is forced into the chamber D (the capacity of which gradually
increases), and escapes by the conical or tapering passage F. This arrangement of
intermediate spirals gives to the fluid the necessary successive directions, and con-
stitutes one of the most important features of this Invention.
It will be understood that the same principles may be applied to the construction
of a triple ventilator, and it will only be necessary to make the suitable circulations
in relation to the sections of the curved passages of the ventilators that act in
succession.
Having now described the Invention of an "Improved Apparatus for Exhausting
or Impelling Liquid or Gaseous Bodies" as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it
to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim,-
First. The double curve given to the blades or passages of the fan or wheel as
above described, which form has the advantage of facilitating the entry of the fluid
without any shock, then giving it a maximum speed under the best possible con-

page_text: ditions, and finally allowing it to escape at a low speed, the direction of the escape
orifices being opposite to that of the rotary movement.
Secondly. The combination and arrangement of the parts as illustrated in the
Drawings, for the purpose of obtaining the results, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
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גוממזר
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W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)