IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS. FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Körting, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS.
FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 4th July 1871, and dated the 21st April 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Körting at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1871.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention essentially consists in a new mode of utilizing the
exhaust steam of steam engines for heating the feed water of steam
boilers by leading the whole or part of the exhaust steam to the jet of
water produced in a boiler injector before the jet has entered the end
nozzle or receiving nozzle of the injector; the construction and new
arrangements of parts to carry out this mode will at the same time
much facilitate the starting of the injector and increase the certainty

page_text: of its action, especially preventing any liability to fail through shocks.
The mode as well as the apparatus for carrying it out may readily be
applied to the existing systems of injectors without depriving them of
their former characteristics.
The manner as well as the exact position in which the exhaust steam
and the jet of water meet may be varied.
1. The exhaust steam may simply be led by a pipe to the overflow
chamber of an injector of any kind. It is well known that when
injectors are at work a vacuum of some importance always exists in
the overflow chamber, and ordinarily carries some air into the boiler :
together with the jet of water. Exhaust steam being led to the overflow
chamber, instead of air, the exhaust steam will be aspired and carried
into the boiler, at the same time warming the jet of water to some
extent.
2. The exhaust steam may be led to the jet at a position between the
overflow chamber and the steam nozzle, either through holes formed in
the condensing nozzle, or by means of one or more special nozzles inter-
posed or introduced between the condensing nozzle and the end nozzle
and put into communication with the exhaust steam.
The injector
being at work, a considerable vacuum will exist at the place where
the holes are formed in the condensing nozzle, or where the condensing
nozzle enters the interposed nozzles, by means of which vacuum the
exhaust steam will be drawn into the injector and join the jet of water,
becoming condensed at the same time and warming the water.
3. The exhaust steam may be led to the jet at the overflow chamber, 2
as well as at a place between the steam nozzle and the overflow
chamber; the working of the apparatus will then be a combination of
the first and second arrangements.
4. The exhaust steam may be led to the jet by a special central
nozzle, either fixed or moveable, passing through the centre of the steam 3
nozzle and running a short way into the condensing nozzle. The injector
being at work, a considerable vacuum will exist at the mouth of the
above nozzle, by means of which vacuum the exhaust steam in com-
munication with this nozzle will be drawn powerfully into the condensing
nozzle, where it will meet the jet of water, thus becoming condensed 3
and warming the same at the same time. The above nozzle, when

page_text: moveable, will work the same as the needle in the steam nozzle of a
Giffard injector.
The destination of the two nozzles may be changed, viz., the fresh
steam from the boiler may be discharged through the interior central
nozzle and the exhaust steam through the exterior annular nozzle.
The four ways above mentioned of leading the exhaust steam to the
jet of water may be modified as experience may suggest, and they may
be applied to the existing systems of injectors.
The exhaust steam may be led into the body of the injector either by
a special opening in the same, or through the opening of the overflow
chamber already existing in injectors.
The further utility of the above arrangements of injectors for
facilitating the starting and working of the same will be explained by
the following consideration. It is well known that when an injector is
at work the area of the outlet of the steam nozzle must be larger than
the final area of the condensing nozzle, therefore an injector which is not
provided with an arrangement for diminishing the area of the outlet of
the steam nozzle, at the time of starting, must always be situated below
the water level in order to obtain a condensation of the steam immediately.
after opening the steam valve, otherwise the steam rushing out of a
large area and finding in its front only a smaller area cannot pass
entirely out of it and must partly take its way through the water pipe,
therefore, instead of drawing the water into the injector it would press
it back. If, however, as described above, there are holes formed in the
condensing nozzle at a position where the cross-sectional area of the
condensing nozzle is decidedly larger than the area of the steam nozzle,
or if the condensing nozzle is divided at a place where also the area is
much larger than that of the steam nozzle, and one or more nozzles are
interposed to gather the jet and to guide it to the overflow, then the
steam will find sufficient area in its front to leave the injector when
rushing out of the steam nozzle, and instead of pressing the water back,
it will produce a vacuum in the first part of the condensing nozzle,
which will draw the water up. As soon as the water has met the
steam and the condensation has begun, the vacuum will become more
powerful, and the injector will then work the same as others which have
the same proportion between the area of the steam nozzle, the final area
of the condensing nozzle, and the area of the end or receiving nozzle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernst Körting in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th October 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
KÖRTING, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Ernst Körting, Her special licence that
I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING STEAM
BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ernst
Körting, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernst Körting, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say:―
This Invention essentially consists in a new mode of utilizing the
exhaust steam of steam engines for heating the feed water of steam
boilers, by leading part of the exhaust steam to the jet of water pro-
duced in a boiler injector by the usual jet of live steam, before the water
jet has entered the end nozzle or receiving nozzle of the injector. The
construction and new arrangements of parts to carry out this mode,
will at the same time much facilitate the starting of the injector and

page_text: increase the certainty of its action, especially preventing any liability
to fail through shocks. The mode as well as the apparatus for carrying
it out may readily be applied to the existing systems of injectors, without
depriving them of their former characteristics or the dimensions of their
leading parts.
The manner as well as the exact position in which the exhaust steam
and the jet of water meet may be varied.
1. The exhaust steam may simply be led by a pipe to the overflow"
space of an injector of any kind. It is well known that when injectors
are at work a vacuum of some importance generally exists in the over-
flow space, and air is carried into the boiler together with the jet of
water, exhaust steam being led to the overflow space instead of air.
Exhaust steam will be aspired and carried into the boiler, at the same
time warming 'the jet of water to some extent.
2. The exhaust steam may be led to the jet already produced by the
live steam at a position between the overflow space and the live steam
nozzle, either through holes of any shape formed in the combining
nozzle, or by means of one or more special nozzles interposed or intro-
duced for the purpose between the nozzle for condensing the live
steam and the end nozzle, and put into communication with the exhaust
steam. The injector being at work a considerable vacuum will exist
at the place where the holes are formed in the combining nozzle, or
where the water jet leaves this combining nozzle, and enters the inter-
posed nozzles by means of which vacuum the exhaust steam will be
drawn into the injector and will join the jet of water becoming condensed
at the same time and warming the water.
3. The exhaust steam may be led to the jet of water produced by the
usual jet of live steam in the overflow chamber as well as at a place
between the mouth of the live steam nozzle and the overflow space.
The working of the injector then will be a combination of the first and
second arrangements.
4. The exhaust steam may be led to the interior of the jet of water
which is formed in the combining nozzle, and driven by the live steam
jet by a special nozzle, either passing centrally through the live steam
nozzle or enclosing it annularly. Both nozzles may discharge at the
same place, or either of them may extend beyond the other onc. The
central nozzle may be movable or fixed, if it is movable it will serve to

page_text: regulate the discharging orifice of the other one like the steam spindic
in Giffard's injector.
The vacuum always to be found in the interior of the combining
nozzle of injectors when they are at work will draw the exhaust stcam
powerfully into the injector, where it will meet the jet of water, thus
becoming condensed and warming the water at the same time.
The four ways above mentioned of leading the exhaust steam to the
jet of water produced in a boiler injector by the usual jet of live steam,
may be modified as experience may suggest, and they may be applied to
the existing systems of injectors.
The exhaust steam may be led into the body of the injector either by
a special opening in the same, or through the opening of the overflow
space already existing in injectors.
The farther utility of the above arrangements of injectors for
facilitating the starting and the working of the same will be explained
by the following consideration. It is well known that for an injector to
work efficiently the area of the outlet of the steam nozzle should be
larger than the final area of the combining nozzle in ordinary injectors,
therefore an injector, not provided with an arrangement for diminishing
the area of the outlet of the steam nozzle at the time of starting, must
always be situated below the feed water level in order to obtain a con-
densation of the steam immediately after opening the live steam valve,
otherwise the steam rushing out of a large area and finding in its front
only a smaller one cannot pass entirely out of it, and must partly take its
way through the water supply pipe, therefore instead of drawing the
water into the injector it would press it back. If, however, as described
above, there are holes formed in the condensing nozzle at a position where
the cross sectional area of the combining nozzle is decidedly larger than
the area of the outlet of the live steam nozzle, or if the combining nozzle
is divided at this position and one or more nozzles are interposed to gather
the jet of water produced in the combining nozzle by the live steam,
and to guide it to the receiving nozzle in a contracted form, then the
steam will find sufficient area, in its front for escaping into the open
air when it is rushing out of the steam nozzle, and instead of pressing
the water back.it will produce a vacuum in the combining nozzle and
draw the water up. As soon as the water has met the steam and the
condensation has begun the vacuum will become more powerful, and the
injector will then work the same as others which have the same pro-

page_text: portions between the area of the steam nozzle, the final area of the
combining nozzle or interposed nozzle and the smallest area of the
receiving nozzle or end nozzle.
receiving nozzle or cnd nozzle.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews an injector on Shaw's system fitted with my
improvements.
a is the live steam pipe; A. the live steam nozzle large enough to drive
the jet of water into the boiler; B, the combining nozzle; D, the water
inlet of the injector; d, the water supply pipe; T, the overflow space;
C, the receiving nozzle; E, the overflow pipe fitted with a valve; f, the
exhaust steam pipe; F, a regulating cock for the same. When the
injector is at work the vacuum existing in the overflow space will act
to draw some exhaust steam in which is carried with the jet of water
through the receiving nozzle into the boiler.
Figure 2 shews an injector on Friedmann's system fitted with my
improvements.
a is the live steam pipe; A is the live steam nozzle large enough to
drive the jet of water into the boiler; B is the combining nozzle; D,
the water inlet into the injector fitted with a regulating cock; d, the
water supply pipe; M, the intermediate water nozzle of the Friedmann
injector; T, the overflow space; C, the receiving nozzle; c, the discharging
pipe; E, the overflow pipe fitted with a valve; f, the exhaust steam
pipe; F, a regulating cock of the same; X is an interposed nozzle for
condensing the exhaust steam and for gathering or bringing together the
dispersed water jet; T", the place where the water jet leaves the com-
bining nozzle and enters the nozzle X. The injector being started and
working dry with the exhaust cock F shut, there will be a considerable
vacuum at the point T" and a less one at T, the exhaust cock F being
then opened full or partly as required the exhaust steam will be drawn
in and will mix with the jet of water, becoming condensed and heating
the water at the same time.
Figures 3 and 4 shew injectors on a common system with fixed
nozzles and fitted with my improvements. The same letters as those in
Figure 2 indicate corresponding parts.
E is a special opening in the injector for putting the points T¹ and T"
in communication with the open air, it is fitted with a valve to prevent
air being drawn in; X', Figure 4, is a second nozzle interposed between

page_text: the combining nozzle B and the nozzle X. T" (Figure 4) is the point
where the water jet leaves the combining nozzle B and enters the
interposed nozzle X'. The injectors will work just the same as the one
represented in Figure 2 as far as the exhaust steam is concerned, but by
the large final area of the combining nozzle B, and by the open space
between the nozzle B and the nozzle X (Figure 3) or X' (Figure 4), they
are adapted to draw the water up from some depth below the injector.
The final area of the combining nozzle B being much larger than the
final area of the steam nozzle, and there being plenty of room for the
live steam to escape either through the valve E' or the opening E, there 1
will be a vacuum of some extent formed in the upper part of the
nozzle B, which vacuum will vary according to the proportion between
the final area of the live steam nozzle A and the combining nozzle B,
and according to the steam pressure, and which will serve to lift the
water. The water having been lifted and drawn into the injector the 1
injector will work just the same as any ordinary injector, the valve E'
shutting off the communication with the open air.
Figure 5 shows an injector on Giffard's system fitted with my
improvements. The same letters as those in Figure 1 indicate corre-
sponding parts.
x, x, are openings, which may be of any shape, formed in the com-
bining nozzle B for the purpose of facilitating the starting of the
injector, of making it capable of drawing the water up, and also to
allow the exhaust steam to meet the jet of water.
2
The working of the injector is the same as has been explained with 2
reference to Figure 2.
Figure 6 shews an injector on Robinson.and Gresham's system fitted
with my improvements. The same letters as those in Figure 1 indicate
corresponding parts.
F¹ is a movable central nozzle passing through the nozzle A and 3
projecting beyond it; x, x, are openings of any shape formed in this
nozzle F¹ for allowing the steam from the pipe fto enter the nozzle F¹.
The live steam might pass through either of the nozzles F" and A, the
exhaust passing through the other. The final area of the live steam
nozzle must be large enough to drive the jet of water into the boiler. 3
The injector having been set to work properly by the live steam jet there
will always be a considerable vacuum at the discharge point of the
exhaust nozzle whether it be F or A, and consequently by opening

page_text: afterwards the exhaust cock the exhaust steam will be drawn into the
injector and mix with the water, becoming condensed and warming the
same at the same time. The central nozzle F¹ serves as an adjustment
to the annular nozzle A.
Figure 7 shews an injector of the same kind as Fig. 6, only the
central nozzle F¹ is fixed, and discharges at the same place as the
annular nozzle A. The working of the injector is exactly the same as
explained with reference to Figure 6, and the letters indicate the same
parts.
Figure 8 shows the top part of an injector of the same kind as
Figure 7, with the difference that the annular nozzle F¹ projects beyond
the central nozzle A. Either the nozzle For the central nozzle A
conveys the live steam and the other one the exhaust steam. The final
area of the live steam nozzle has to be large enough to force the jet of
water into the boiler. The injector having been set to work with the
live steam, a strong vacuum will be formed at the place where the
nozzle A discharges into the nozzle F¹, and then the exhaust being
turned on this vacuum will serve to draw it into the space between the
discharge front of the nozzle A. and the nozzle F¹, the exhaust will then
mix with the live steam, and both combined will meet the water at the
discharge point of the nozzle F', becoming condensed and heating thic
water at the same time.
Figure 9 shews another injector of Robinson and Gresham's system
fitted with my improvements. The same letters as those in Figure 3
indicate corresponding parts.
The injector is not intended to serve as a feedwater heater, therefore
the exhaust steam pipe and cock are omitted, but it is intended to lift
the water and act in that respect exactly as has been described with
reference to the injectors shewn in Figure 3. The nozzles B and X of
Figure 3 are here made in one piece, there being a square opening right
through them at T to allow the live steam a large escape when drawing
up the water. The overflow E is fitted with a valve to prevent any air
being drawn in at T when the injector is at work.
I may observe that in the injectors herein-before described,-
1. The driving jet of live steam is inside the forced water when
meeting it and powerful enough to force it into the boiler, just as in
ordinary injectors.

page_text: 2. All the leading dimensions, viz., the final area of the live steam
nozzle, the smallest arca of the receiving nozzle, the area of the passage
for cold water into the combining nozzle, the final area of the nozzle
from which the water jet passes into the receiving nozzle are the same
as in ordinary injectors, making it an easy matter therefore to apply my
improvements to any existing injector.
3. The interposed nozzles, when such are used, converge towards the
receiving nozzle to gather the jet of water again.
4. The injectors will work equally well with or without the exhaust
steam being on.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. Interposing one or more nozzles between the outlet of the
combining nozzle for driving steam and cold water, and the overflow
space or chamber of boiler injectors, and putting the space between the
combining nozzle and the interposed nozzle or nozzles in communication
with the exhaust steam from steam engines, or with the open air, or
with both, as required, to warm the jet of water by the exhaust steam,
or to make the injector able to start more easily, or to lift the water,
substantially as herein-before described.
Second. Forming openings in the combining nozzle (for driving steam
and cold water) of boiler injectors, and putting these openings in com-
munication with the exhaust steam of steam engines, or with the
open air, or with both, as required, to warm the jet of water by the
exhaust steam, or to make the injector able to start more easily, or to
lift the water, substantially as herein-before described.
Third. Supplying boiler injectors with two steam nozzles, one passing
centrally through the other, being fixed or movable, one intended for
live steam and the other for exhaust steam, both discharging at the
same place, or the central nozzle projecting beyond the outer one for
the purpose of taking exhaust steam to the jet of water and warming
the same, substantially as herein-before described.
Fourth. Supplying boiler injectors with two steam nozzles, one passing
centrally through the other, and the outer nozzle projecting beyond
the inner one, either of them conveying live steam, and the other being
intended for exhaust steam for the purpose of mixing both live steam
and exhaust steam in the projecting part of the water nozzle and of

page_text: giving the water jet an additional heat through the exhaust steam,
substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whercof, I, the said Ernst Körting, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 10th day of October One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-one.