IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Knight, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, in the
County of Southampton, Importer of Italian Sculptures, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING
HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
Sealed the 18th September 1869, and dated the 21st July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Knight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1869.
I, HENRY KNIGHT, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, in the County of South-
5 ampton, Importer of Italian Sculptures, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR
CLIPPING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
constructing and arranging the parts of instruments or apparatus for
clipping horses and other animals.
The said instruments as ordinarily constructed consist essentially of a
flat plate of metal, one edge of which is provided with teeth arranged
like the teeth of a comb. This plate when the instrument is used rests

page_text: upon the skin of the horse, the hairs to be clipped or cut off standing
up between the teeth. Upon the said toothed plate a cutting plate or
series of cutters works, the said cutting plate or cutters being furnished
with teeth similar to those of the toothed plate and cutting off the hairs
against the edges of the teeth of the said toothed plate. A reciprocating
motion is given to the cutting plate in the ways herein-after described,
and its teeth are thereby made alternately to cover and slide across the
teeth of the toothed plate, by which motion the hairs are cut by an
action similar to that of shears.
According to one of my improvements I give the required recipro-
cating motion to the cutting plate by the following arrangement of
parts-To the frame or case of the instrument two levers are jointed,
the said levers being terminated by handles by which the instrument
is held and worked. By opening and closing the said levers after the
manner of opening and closing the handles of a pair of shears the
required reciprocating motion is given to the cutting plate. The said
levers are connected to the case and cutting plate in the following
manner-One of the levers, which I will call the left-hand lever, is
jointed to the case near its end, and at about an inch distant from the
said joint and between it and the handle is a fixed pin on the said
lever, which pin engages in a hole in the cutting plate. The other or
right-hand lever is jointed to the case, and has a fixed pin which engages
in another hole in the cutting plate, but the relative positions of the
said pin and joint in the right-hand lever are the reverse of those in
the left-hand lever, that is, in the right-hand lever the pin is near the
end of the lever and the joint about an inch distant therefrom and
between the said pin and the handle. By opening and closing these
levers by their handles the pins engaging with the cutting plate move
in the same directions, and the said plate is consequently carried across
the toothed plate in one direction when the handles of the instrument are
opened, and in the opposite direction when the handles of the instrument
are closed. By this arrangement extreme steadiness and facility in use
of the instrument are secured, as the pressure being exerted by both
hands is the same in amount and opposite in direction, and consequently
while great power of moving the cutting plate is secured there is no
tendency to motion in the instrument as a whole.
According to another of my improvements I give the required recipro-

page_text: screw.
The screw works in the frame of the instrument in a line
parallel with the edge of the toothed and cutting plates, a screw box
connected with the cutting plate working on the said screw. The ends
of the screw protrude from the opposite sides of the frame or case and
are made square for the reception of a key or handle. By means of
the said key or handle placed on one or other end of the screw, a
reciprocating motion may be given to the cutting plate while the
instrument is held by means of a handle attached to the case of the
instrument.
According to another of my improvements I give motion to the
cutting plate by means of a cam or cams on an axis situated in a
position similar to that of the screw last described. When I use one
cam I make two fixed pins or place two antifriction rollers on the
cutting plate, between which the cam works. When I use two cams I
employ one pin or antifriction roller on the cutting plate working
between the two cams. The figure of the cams is such that by giving a
reciprocating motion to the axis on which they are situated a recipro-
cating motion is given to the cutting plate.
According to another of my improvements I employ an eccentric
working on an axis perpendicular to the cutting plate, the said eccentric
taking into a slot in the cutting plate. By means of bevil pinions motion
may be communicated to the axis carrying the eccentric by means of a
winch on the end of the axis passing through the handle of the instru-
ment, or motion may be communicated directly to the axis carrying
the eccentric.
The arrangement of bevil pinions last described may also be applied
to clipping instruments in which the cutting plate turns upon a centre
on the toothed plate or case instead of having a reciprocating motion.
In this arrangement the cutting plate is connected directly to an axis
at right angles to the said cutting plate, the top of the said axis carrying
one of the bevil pinions and a short axis at right angles thereto carrying
the other bevil pinion. To the end of the last-described axis the handle
is affixed by which motion is given to the cutting plate. Where the
instrument is held in the hand by one handle I make the said handle
capable of adjustment by a screw or otherwise, so as to be able to incline
it at any required angle to the case of the instrument.
Although I have only described my various improvements in their
application to clipping instruments in which the cutting is effected by

page_text: cutters consisting of two serrated plates, yet my said improvements may
be applied to clipping instruments having other kinds of cutters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Knight in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
KNIGHT, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, in the County of Southampton,
Importer of Italian Sculptures, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Henry Knight, Her special licence that I, the
said Henry Knight, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Henry Knight, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for" IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR
CLIPPING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Knight, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Knight, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements berein-after described in
constructing and arranging the parts of instruments or apparatus for
clipping horses and other animals.

page_text: The said instruments as ordinarily constructed consist essentially of
a flat plate of metal, one edge of which is provided with teeth arranged
like the teeth of a comb. This plate when the instrument is used rests
upon the skin of the horse, the hairs to be clipped or cut off standing
up between the teeth. Upon the said toothed plate a cutting plate or
series of cutters work, the said cutting plate or cutters being furnished
with teeth similar to those of the toothed plate and cutting off the hairs
against the edges of the teeth of the said toothed plate. A recipro-
cating motion is given to the cutting plate in the ways herein-after
described, and its teeth are thereby mado alternately to cover and slide
across the teeth of the toothed plate, by which motion the hairs are cut
by an action similar to that of shears.
In constructing a clipping instrument according to my Invention I
arrange and work the parts substantially as follows:-To the frame or
case of the instrument two levers are jointed, the said levers being
terminated by handles by which the instrument is held and worked. By
opening and closing the said levers after the manner of opening and
closing the handles of a pair of shears the required reciprocating motion
is given to the cutting plate. The said levers are connected to the case
and cutting plate in the following manner :-One of the levers, which I
will call the right-hand lever, is jointed to the case near its end, and at
about an inch distant from the said joint and between it and the handle
is a fixed pin on the said lever, which pin engages in a slot hole in the
cutting plate. The other or left-hand lever is jointed to the case, and
has a fixed pin, which engages in another slot hole in the cutting plate,
but the relative positions of the said pin and joint in the left-hand lever
are the reverse of those in the right-hand lever, that is, in the left-
hand lever the pin is near the end of the lever and the joint about an
inch distant therefrom and between the said pin and the handle: By
opening and closing these levers by their handles the pins engaging with
the cutting plate move in the same directions, and the said plate is
consequently carried across the toothed plate in one direction when the
handles of the instrument are opened, and in the opposite direction when.
the handles of the instrument are closed. By this arrangement extreme
steadiness and facility in use of the instrument are secured, as the
pressure being exerted by both hands is the same in amount and
opposite in direction, and consequently while great power of moving
the cutting plate is secured there is no tendency to motion in the

page_text: instrument as a whole. The jointing of the levers and the arrangement
or combination of the case or frame with the cutting plates may also be
applied to clipping instruments in which a single lever is used to work
the moveable cutting plate and a fixed handle for holding the instru-
ment. Where the instrument is held in the hand by one handle I make
the said handle capable of adjustment by a screw or otherwise, so as to
be able to incline it at different angles to the case of the instrument.
Although I have only described my improvements in their application
to clipping instruments in which the outting is effected by cutters con-
sisting of two serrated plates, yet my said improvements may be applied
to clipping instruments having other kinds of cutters.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figures 1 and 2 represent front elevations of an instrument or
apparatus for clipping horses and other animals constructed and arranged
according to my Invention; Figure 3 is a side elevation of the same;
and Figure 4 is a section of the same taken through the line a, a,
Figure 2; Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are parts of the same, as
herein-after explained. The same letters of reference indicate the same
parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. 6 is the flat
serrated plate of the instrument, which rests upon the skin of the animal
during the clipping operation; c is the toothed cutting or moveable
plate; and d is the frame or case of the instrument, between which case
and the back plate 6 the cutting plate c works. The cutting plate c is
shown separately in Figure 10, and the frame or case d is shown
separately in vertical section in Figure 7. The inner side of the case d
with the acting ends of the levers is represented in Figure 11. The
case d is fixed to the back serrated plate 6 by means of the screw
bolts e, f, having screw nuts on their upper ends. The said bolts e, f,
have square shoulders, which fit in square recesses in the fixed plate b.
One of these bolts with its screw nut is shown separately in Figure 3*.
The said bolts e, f, pass through holes or slots h, i, (see Figure 10) in
the cutting plate c, the said slots being
the sliding motion of the said plate c.
in the slots h, i, and guide the cutting
fixed plate b. The said bolts e, f, also act as stops for limiting the
motion of the sliding plate c. 9, g, are screws taking into concave
of such a length as to permit of
The said bolts e, f, fit.accurately
plate c in a parallel line with the

page_text: screws in the fixed plate b, and working in slots k, k, in the cutting
plate c. The only function of the screws g, g, is to regulate the cut of
the instrument by making the cutting plate c bear more or less closely
upon the fixed cutting plate b. There is no friction on the screws g, g,
as the slots k, k, of the moveable cutting, plate c in which they work
are so wide that the said screws do not touch the said plates c. To the
frame or case d two levers l, m, are jointed in the manner herein-after
explained. These levers are terminated by the handles 1, m³, by which
the instrument is held and worked. The acting end of the lever m is
shown separately in edge view in Figure 5, and the acting end of the
lever is shown separately in edge view in Figure 6. A front view of
the acting ends of the levers l, m, in combination with the case d is
shown in Figure 11, and the said ends of the levers are shown in two
positions in Figures 8 and 9. The end of each of the levers l, m, is
provided with a fixed pin and a hole. In the lever the pin is marked /*
and the hole 1, and in the lever m the pin is marked m³ and the hole m*.
In the inner side of the frame or case d, pins d³, d, are made or fixed.
The said pins correspond in position to the holes m', 1', in the levers 1, m.
The said levers l, m, are connected to the case d and moveable cutting
plate c in the following manner :-The lever is jointed to the case d by
the pin d' on the said case taking into the hole 1 near the end of the
said lever 1, and the said lever is connected to the cutting plate c by
the pin on the said lever taking into the slot hole n (see Figure 10)
near the bottom of the said plate c. The lever m is jointed to the case d
by the pin d* near the bottom edge of the case taking into the
hole m near the handle end of the lever m, and the said lever m is
connected to the cutting plate c by the pin m³ taking into the slot hole p
(see Figure 10) near the middle of the said cutting plate c. The manner
in which the pin on the case engages with the lever, and the pin on the
lever engages with the cutting plate, will be readily seen by referring to
the section, Figure 4. By an examination of the Drawing it will be
seen that the relative positions of the joint pin d³ upon which the
lever turns and the pin 13 by which the said lever is connected to the
cutting plate are the reverse of those of the other lever m, that is to
say, the joint pin d' of the lever m is between the pin m³ and the
handle m³, while the joint pin d³ of the lever is at the end of the said
lever . The result of this arrangement is that when the levers l, m, are
moved from each other the connecting pins 13, m³, of the said levers are
both made to move in the same direction, that is, in the direction

page_text: indicated by the arrow in Figure 2, and carry with them the cutting
plate c, and when the said levers l, m, are moved towards each other the
said connecting pins 1, m³, of the levers are both made to move in the
same direction, but in a direction contrary to that indicated by the arrow
in Figure 2, and carry with them the cutting plate c. By thus opening
and closing the said levers l, m, by their handles 12, m³, after the manner
of working a pair of shears a reciprocating motion is communicated to
the cutting plate c; and the said cutting plate is carried across the fixed
toothed plate b, and the clipping effected between the teeth of the said
moveable cutting plate and fixed cutting plate. In Figure 2 the cutting
plate is represented at the end of its stroke, and in Figure 1 at the
middle of its stroke.
For the purpose of the better illustrating the action of the levers I
have represented in Figures 8 and 9 portions of the said levers in the
respective positions which they occupy when the cutting plate has been
moved to the end of one of its strokes and to half of its stroke in the
opposite direction, that is to say, in Figure 8 the levers are shown in the
positions which they occupy when the handles have been closed, and the
moveable cutting plate thereby moved in one direction across the fixed
cutting plate, and in Figure 9 the levers are shown in the positions
which they occupy when the handles have been partly opened, and the
moveable cutting plate thereby moved partly across the fixed cutting
plate in the opposite direction. In each of the said Figures 8 and 9 the
arrows on the handle ends of the levers indicate the directions in which
the said handle ends move, and the arrows on the acting ends of the
levers indicate the direction in which the said acting ends move to effect
the reciprocating motion of the cutting plate.
I will now proceed to describe some of the details of the clipping
instrument. The levers l, m, work through an opening in the bottom
edge of the case d; and in order to prevent the entrance of dirt into the
said case and between the cutting plates b, c, I construct the acting ends
of the levers and the case in the manner which will be best understood
by an examination of the inner side of the case and levers represented
in Figure 11, that is to say, I make on the lever curved ears or pro-
jections,, struck upon the centre 1, and I make on the lever m
curved ears or projections m³, me, struck from the centre m', and I make
on the case d an angular piece d', against the sides of which the inner
ears, me, of the levers respectively bear. The outer ears 1, m³, of the

page_text: levers bear respectively against the outer sides of the opening in the case
through which they work. By this arrangement the opening in the
case is kept always closed during the working of the levers, and the
entrance of dirt into the instrument thereby effectually prevented. This
arrangement for preventing the entrance of dirt between the cutting
plates is applicable generally to clipping instruments in which the
moveable cutting plates are worked by a lever or levers. In order to
prevent the pins of the levers wearing away by their friction in the slot
holes in the cutting plate, and to ensure a smooth action in the said
cutting plate, I provide it with moveable blocks, into holes in which the
pins, m, on the levers take, instead of taking directly into slot holes
in the said cutting plate. This arrangement is represented in Figure 12,
which represents a plan and section of the cutting plate c provided with
the moveable blocks c, c², in holes n, p, in which the pins P, m³, of the
levers engage. The said blocks are situated in slots in the cutting plate,
and have a slight play in the said slots in a direction transverse to the
cut of the said plate, so that as the levers are opened and closed the said
blocks rise and fall in the said slots. The lever pins are thus relieved
from wear, and the moveable cutting plate has a smoother action than
it has when the pins of the levers are engaged directly with the cutting
plate. Where it is desirable to work the moveable cutting plate by one
hand only instead of by two hands, as herein-before described and illus-
trated, one of the levers / or m may be dispensed with, and the moveable
cutting plate be worked by one lever. In this arrangement one of the
levers is jointed to the case and cutting plate in the manner before
described, and the other lever or an ordinary handle is fixed to the case
only, the clipping instrument being held by the said fixed lever or handle
while the cutting plate is worked by the other lever. When a fixed
lever or handle is employed it may be inclined at any required angle to
the case of the instrument, in the manner herein-after described with
respect to Figures 15 and 16.
Figure 13 represents in front elevation, and Figure 14 in cross section
another clipping instrument constructed according to my Invention. In
this arrangement the acting ends of the levers l, m, by which the cutting
plate c is worked have a circular figure, and are jointed to the back or
fixed cutting plate b and case d by the same pin or centre p. The end
of the lever is connected by the pin to the cutting plate e below the
joint p, and the end of the lever mis connected by the pin m³ to the

page_text: cutting plate c above the joint p. The under lever has a slot in it
to permit of the motion of the pin m³ of the other or top lever m. The
cutting plate c is provided with slots, as indicated in dotted lines, in
which the centre p and the pins q, q, on the case d work. The cutting
plate c is guided and its sliding motion limited by the pins q, q. The
screws r, r, regulate the cut of the instrument in the manner described
with respect to the first arrangement. The centre pin p is secured in its
place by the screw nut p³. The action of the arrangement, Figures 13
and 14, is the same as that of the arrangement first described, that is to
say, on opening and closing the levers l, m, by their handles 12, m², the
connecting pins &, m², of the levers turn in the same direction and give
the required reciprocating motion to the cutting plate. This instrument
is capable of being worked either by two levers or by one lever and a
fixed handle.
Figure 15 represents in front elevation, and Figure 16 in cross section
the clipping instrument, Figures 13 and 14, arranged to be worked by
one lever and a fixed handle. In order to convert the instrument
Figures 13 and 14 into that represented in Figures 15 and 16 the lever m
is removed from the cutting plate c and fixed outside the case d by the
centre p, upon which the acting lever turns, a filling piece or disk v
(represented separately in Figure 17) being fitted between the acting
lever and the inner side of the case d, as seen in the section, Figure 16.
A holes is made in the case d, in which the pin m² of the lever m
engages when the said lever is fixed outside the said case d. A hole v
is also made in the filling-up disk for the pin m³ to engage in (see
Figure 16). In order to enable the fixed handle by which the instru-
ment is held to be inclined at various angles to the case d I make a
series of holes t, u, in the said case d in addition to the hole 8. By
placing the pin m³ of the fixed handle m (Figures 15 and 16) in the
holet (the filling disco being turned so that its hole is opposite tho
said hole t) the handle m may be fixed in the position indicated in dotted
lines in Figure 15; or by placing the pin m² of the handle m in the
hole the fixed handle may be situated at a point of the case d nearly
opposite that of the acting lever . The arrangement described for
securing the fixed handle at various angles is applicable to the clipping
instrument herein first described as well as to all clipping instruments
provided with a fixed handle, and either of the handles l, m, may be
made the fixed handle.

page_text: Figure 18 represents in front elevation, and Figure 19 in section a
clipping instrument without a case or cover constructed according to the
arrangement represented in Figures 1 to 11 of the Drawings. In this
arrangement the levers l, m, turn upon the bolts or centres 12, m²,
secured to the back plate 6 and levers by the screw nuts 15, n³. The
bolts 12, m, have square shoulders, which fit in the fixed plate 6 and
square shoulders and washers under the nuts 15, m³. The moveable
cutter c is guided and its range of motion limited by the said bolts 12, m²,
working in slots in the said moveable cutter, the said slots permitting
the said moveable cutter to pass over the teeth of the fixed cutter. The
levers l, m, are connected to the moveable cutter c by the studs or
pins l, m, entering slot holes in the said cutter. The cut of the said
moveable cutter is adjusted by the screws e, e, the said screws working
in slots in the moveable cutter. The said screws e, e, do not touch the
sides of the slots, the bar d acting only as a washer for the screws.
Figure 20 represents in front elevation, and Figure 21 in cross section
the arrangement of parts represented in Figures 13 and 14, but without
the case d. The action of this arrangement is the same as that repre-
sented in Figures 13 and 14, but in this arrangement r, r, are bolts with
square shoulders, which enter recesses in the fixed plate b. The said
bolts r,, have square shoulders and washers under the screw nuts, and
keep the cutting plate c in a parallel line and regulate the cut. The
centre pin p has also a square shoulder and washer under the nut p².
The other parts of the arrangement, Figures 20 and 21, are the same as
those represented in Figures 13 and 14, and are marked with the same
letters of reference.
Figure 22 represents in front elevation, and Figure 23 in section, a
clipping instrument constructed according to my Invention, provided
with a single cutting plate turning on a centre instead of the rectilinear
reciprocating compound cutting plate previously described. The same
letters indicate the same parts in Figures 22 and 23. a is the serrated
fixed plate, and 6 is the single cutting plate turning on the fixed pin or
centre c secured to the back serrated plate a. The pin or centre c is
fixed to the plate a, and the cutting plate 6 adjusted against the said
plate a by means of the thumbscrew or nut d screwing on the end of
the pin, as represented. A spring d' under the nut d permits the
cutting plate 6 to rise from the plate a when an undue pressure is put
on the said plate b. The tail end of the cutting plate bis furnished

page_text: with an antifriction roller e, which bears upon the plate a and reduces
the friction between the two plates on the working of the instrument.
The teeth of the serrated plate a are made parallel to one another
instead of being struck from the centre on which the cutting plate b
turns, as is usual in clipping instruments with single cutters. A recipro-
cating motion through about a quarter of a circle is given to the said
cutting plate 6 by means of the levers f, g, the ends of the said levers
being jointed to the serrated plate a. The lever f is jointed at f* near
the top of one side of the plate a, and the lever g is jointed at g³ near
the bottom of the other side of the plate a. These levers are connected
to the cutting plate b by means of the links h, i, jointed to the cutting
plate at k. When the levers f, g, are opened and closed by grasping the
handles f, g, the jointed ends of the said levers are made to move in
the same direction, and through the links , i, communicate a recipro-
cating motion through about a quarter of a circle to the cutting plate b.
The levers work under the cross bar 7 fixed by the thumbscrew or nut d,
whereby the motion of the said levers is made steady.
Although I have only described the arrangements of mechanism repre-
sented in Figures 1 to 21, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings
as employed for giving a reciprocating rectilinear motion to the cutting
plate, yet the said mechanism is equally applicable for giving a recipro-
cating motion to a single or compound cutting plate turning on a
centre, after the manner of the single cutter described and represented
in Figures 22 and 23.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated
in the Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention of improvements
in instruments or apparatus for clipping horses and other animals,--
Firstly. The arrangements or combinations of parts herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for giving a
reciprocating motion to the moveable cutting plate or cutter of the
said instruments or apparatus, that is to say, the combination of levers
and the method of connecting them to the said cutting plate or cutter
and case, or fixed cutting plate of the instrument respectively, so that
by opening the handles affixed to the said levers the moveable cutting
plate or cutter is moved in one direction on the fixed cutting plate, and

page_text: by closing the said handles a motion of the said moveable cutting plate
or cutter is produced in the opposite direction, the act of clipping being
thus performed by working the handles of the instrument in a manner
similar to that by which a pair of ordinary shears are worked, sub-
stantially as described and illustrated.
Also applying the said method of jointing or connecting of the levers
to clipping instruments in which a single lever for working the cutting
plate or cutter and a fixed handle for holding the instrument are
employed.
Secondly. The combination with the fixed and moveable cutting
plates of clipping instruments of a case or frame between which and
the fixed cutting plate the moveable cutting plate works, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. Constructing the double levers or single levers of clipping
instruments with ears or projections for effectually closing the case or
frame of the instrument, and preventing the entrance of dirt on working
the said levers, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination or arrangement of parts herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for enabling
the clipping instrument to be worked at pleasure, either by two levers
or by a single lever and fixed handle.
Lastly. The arrangement of parts herein-before described and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawings for inclining the handles by
which clipping instruments are held at different angles to the case or
body of the instrument.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Knight, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
JOHN MORRANT,
Ryde,
Isle of Wight.
HENRY KNIGHT. (L.S.)