A PORTABLE MACHINE FOR TURNING, DIVIDING, AND CUTTING WOODEN COGS OF COG WHEELS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS AND SIZES EITHER IN BUILDING SHOPS OR MANUFACTORIES WHEN BUCH WHEELS REQUIRE TO BE SUPPLIED WITH FRESH COGS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Evotte, of No. 31, Rue Riquet, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Practical Engineer, for the Invention of
"A PORTABLE MACHINE FOR TURNING, DIVIDING, AND CUTTING WOODEN
COGS OF COG WHEELS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS AND SIZES EITHER IN BUILDING
SHOPS OR MANUFACTORIES WHEN BUCH WHEELS REQUIRE TO BE SUPPLIED WITH
FRESH COGS."
Sealed the 29th January 1869, and dated the 14th August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Evotte at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1868.
I, CHARLES EVOTTE, of No. 31, Rue Riquet, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Practical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A PORTABLE MACHINE FOR TURNING, DIVIDING, AND
CUTTING WOODEN COGS OF COG WHEELS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS AND SIZES EITHER IN
BUILDING SHOPS OR MANUFACTORIES WHEN SUCH WHEELS REQUIRE TO BE SUPPLIED
WITH FRESH COGs," to be as follows:-
This machine is composed of a cast-iron frame on or in which are
fitted the shafts, wheels, and tools required to give the motion for

page_text: turning, facing, dividing, and cutting, to shape rough wooden cogs
previously inserted in the rings of cast-iron wheels; the said wheels
may be either new ones or old ones requiring to be supplied with
new cogs. The wheel to be operated upon being mounted on its shaft
the cog machine is brought as near as possible and bolted fast either
on the floor or to fixed beams.
The first step is to turn the outside of the cogs true, which is per-
formed by means of two cutting blades screwed fast on the boss of
a shaft which runs with great speed, being driven by a combination
of tooth wheels and pinions. The shaft of the cutting tools as it
revolves is slid forward or backward to turn out the cogs in their
whole length. All the cogs of the said wheel are successively brought
to the action of the turning tools.
The second step is to cut off both ends of the cogs to get them
of a same length, which is performed either by two circular saws or
by cutting blades carried by a same horizontal shaft running with great
speed and actuated by the same contrivance, the motion being given
either by belts from a steam engine or by means of a hand crank.
The third step is to divide the rough cogs after they have been
turned and faced; this is performed accurately by a dividing apparatus
which is fitted for this purpose on the cog machine. An endless steel
ribbon or chain is placed on the periphery of the cogs so as to encircle
the wheel; it is stretched out either by a roller or curved piece fitted
on the dividing apparatus, which is actuated by a set of endless screw
driving wheels, which wheels correspond to decimal divisions of dials
so that by merely turning a handle the endless ribbon causes the wheel
to revolve whilst hands show on the dials the true unfolded length
of its circumference, and the divisions may be marked with the greatest
certainty and accuracy.
The fourth and last step is to cut out the cogs of the wheel to
shape; this is performed by means of two cutting blades fitted like
the turning ones on a boss carried by a vertical shaft, which may be
inclined according to requirement and actuated by a combination of
toothed wheels and pinions either by hand or steam power. One set
of cutting blades can be used for cutting out to shape the cogs of
wheels of various diameters.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Evotte in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th February 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
EVOTTE, of No. 31, Rue Riquet, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Practical Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Evotte, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Evotte, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Evotte, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others
from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A PORTABLE MACHINE FOR
TURNING, DIVIDING, AND CUTTING WOODEN Coзs or CoG WHEELS OF ALL DES-
CRIPTIONS AND SIZES EITHER IN BUILDING SHOP3 OR MANUFACTORIES WHEN SUCH
WHEELS REQUIRE TO BE SUPPLIED WITH FRESH Сoas," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Evotte, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date.
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Evotte, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheets of
Drawing (three in number), and to the figures and letters of reference.
marked thereon, similar letters of reference denoting similar parts where
such parts appear or may be seen in each of the Figures respectively.
The operation of turning, dividing, and shaping wooden cogs was
originally effected by hand. The wheel being fitted with its cogs in a

page_text: rough state the workman trimmed the outer sides, then divided by hand
and traced the shape of the toothing on each side of the wheel, finally
completing his work by giving to these cogs the proper form always
by hand, using chisel and file. A machine was subsequently invented
for dividing and shaping cogs upon wheels not exceeding nine or ten
feet in diameter.
In using this machine it is necessary that the wheel be first mounted
on a lathe in order to turn the sides and periphery, this preparatory
work therefore necessitating the removal of the wheel from its shaft.
This dividing machine is also limited in diameter, and certain wheels
must therefore still be shaped by hand, and further it is not portable,
which is a great inconvenience, for when the cogs of a large driving
wheel are broken or worn out, as frequently happens in manufactories,
the work must be done on the spot and the job occupies considerable
time. For instance, four men will be employed four days in turning,
dividing, and shaping the cogs of a driving wheel having four hundred
cogs of of a foot in width. The result is a loss of four days working and
a cost of sixteen days journeyman's work. To avoid this I have invented
a portable machine which may be driven by hand crank, by steam, or
by any available power, and which will effect mechanically with precision
and rapidity in less than one day the work hitherto requiring the time
and labor above stated, the said machine performing its task either
in workshops or in manufactories, and turning, dividing, and shaping
cogs upon wheels of any size from one foot and in diameter upwards.
NOMENCLATURE OF PIECES.
On the accompanying Sheets of Drawing A indicates right and left
cast-iron frames; B, horizontal stay frame; C, oscillating frame fitted
on two studs cast with the frame A; D, arched or forked pieces
regulating the inclination of the oscillating frame by means of screws E;
E, screws for tightening or pressing the forks D; F, sliding frame on
which are fitted the shafts carrying the cutters or blades K, L; G, steel
screw used as a centre spindle for the vertical shaft H; H, vertical
shaft fitted with the blades K, L; H¹ (Figs. 2 and 5, Sheets 1 and 3),
vertical shaft carrying the cutter L' for cutting the end of cogs, the
cutter L" for cutting the teeth to shape, and the blades K¹, K"; I,
bearing block for the shaft H; J, screw nut pressing upon the top
of the blades K, L; K, blades for shaping cogs; K', (Fig. 3, Sheet 3),
and K (Fig. 4, Sheet 3), blades for cutting the cogs; L, blades for

page_text: turning the top ends of cogs to the required periphery; L' (Fig. 2,
Sheet 3), cutter for cutting the end of cogs according to the circumference
of the wheel; L" (Figs. 5 and 5*, Sheet 1), cutter for cutting the cogs
to shape; M, bolts for screwing the blades tightly upon the boss of
the shaft H; N, screws to regulate the height of the blades K, L, on
the boss of the shaft; O, toothed wheel gearing with the pinion P;
P, screw pinion gearing with O; Q, grooved shaft carrying the toothed
wheel O; R, bearing of the shaft S; S, shaft carrying the blades T
and saws U; T, cutting blades which cut the outsides of cogs; U, circular
saw blades also for cutting outer sides of cogs; V, pinion set on shaft S
when the blades T and saws U are to be used, and receiving motion
from the wheel W; W, toothed wheel carried by the shaft X, and
actuated by the set of wheels Y; X, shaft put in the place of Q when
the blade holders T are fitted and carrying the wheel W; Y, gearing
of the machine; Z, bevil wheels; a, bearing block set up when the
blades T and the saws U are to be used and receiving the shaft X;
b, curved piece receiving the band or ribbon o, and intended to stretch
it; c, jointed screw which draws back the curved piece b; d, right
and left frame of the dividing apparatus; e, screws fastening the
dividing apparatus on the slides; f, screw or buttress serving as screw
jack to prevent vibration; g, hand crank with dial and hands and
toothed wheel gearing with pinion h; i, screw actuating the wheel
fitted on the shaft 1; j, shaft carrying screw gear and wheel actuating
the band or chain; k, wheel actuating the band or chain; 1, vertical
shaft; m, driving pulley to be used when steam power is employed;
n, pinion set on the shaft and actuated by the screw q; o, endless
band placed on the periphery of the wheel to be cut and forming rack;
o, o", o, (Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9, of Sheet 3,) various arrangements of steel
band; p, endless chain used for the same purpose as the steel band; q,
screw on the shaft j actuated by pinion n.
This machine is composed of two vertical cast-iron frames A firmly
united by a horizontal stay frame B, which also receives in connection
with the frames A the various bearing blocks of the gearing. Another
frame C, oscillating on two studs cast with the frames A, permits the
inclination of the vertical blade shaft H towards the axis of the cog
wheel which is to be operated upon. This inclination is regulated by two
arched or forked pieces D fitted on frame C, and sliding through openings
made in frame B, where they are fastened by the adjusting screws E.

page_text: A sliding frame F of complicated form carries the blade shafts for
facing the sides of or for turning or shaping the cogs. This work is
performed in three operations which are herein-after explained.
The sliding frame F bears at its upper part a steel screw G, used as a
centre spindle for the blade shaft H, and at the lower part there is a brass
socket bearing with five screws as at the other end, and in which the
lower end of the shaft revolves on a steel spindle. This shaft is held fast
on the slide frame by two upper and lower bearing blocks I. It has at its
uppermost part a boss with two flat edges, surmounted by a screw tapped
part with steel spindle and nut j, the latter securing the blades on the
top. Each of these flat parts receives the blades K, L, for shaping or
for turning the ends of cogs; they are fitted with a round-headed
bolt M. The shaft H' is intended to execute the same work as the shaft
H. It carries the cutters L' and L", as well as the cutter stocks K', K".
The bolt eye of the said blades is oval so as to permit shifting them up or
down or bringing them forwards or backwards, in a word, to regulate their
position. They are regulated also by four, six, or eight screws N securing
them in position, and preventing any departure from the horizontal
or inclined position in which they are fixed. The blade holder H is
actuated by helical pinion P driven by a wheel of the same of the same
description O, set on a grooved shaft Q, and following the pinion
horizontally in all the positions of the sliding carriage. The wheel O
is actuated by gearing Y set in motion by the hand cranks. The sliding
frame F further carries a bearing block R, which receives the shaft S,
fitted with the blade holders T and saw holders U for facing the sides of
cogs, this shaft being only set in the machine when the shaft H is
removed. The blade and saw holders T, U, and shaft S are grooved, so
that they may slide and their position be varied according to the width
the cogs are to be cut; they are fastened in their proper place by
adjusting screws. The shaft is actuated by a pinion V fitted on the
shaft 8, and driven by a wheel W set on the shaft X. This latter is put
in place of the shaft Q when the blade and saw holders are set in the
machine. The bearing block a is then bolted on the right frame A, and
the shaft X inserted. On each side of the back part of the frames are
arranged three hand cranks actuating the gearing Y. This number and
arrangement of cranks is adopted in order that the machine may be
worked from any side in case one or more sides should be encumbered
by pillars, walls, fixed beams, or other obstacles. The driving gear Z

page_text: may be shifted horizontally into various places on the frame B for the
same purpose. The machine may also be driven by any power by means
of a belt running on the pulleys m.
The dividing apparatus is set up as follows:-It is composed of two
right and left frames d tied to the oscillating frame O by means of two
rods serewed in the latter, and serving as sliding supports; it is fastened
by four adjusting screws e. It is also fitted with a bent forked piece
for the purpose of fixing it in different positions, as is done for the
oscillating frame C, every inclination of which it follows. A small cast-
iron cross piece with screw jack f keeps the machine steady by pressing
in any direction upon fixed beams or other fixed points.
This dividing apparatus is actuated as follows:-A small hand crank
fitted on the axle of the wheel drives this latter, which actuates a
pinion h; on the axle of this pinion is fitted a helical pinion i gearing
with a wheel of the same description fixed on shaft 7. On the vertical
shaft at its lower part there is also fitted a helical or screw pinion n
driving a horizontal shaft j. This shaft carries the cam wheel k which
gears with either the chain P or the band or ribbon o (according
as the one or the other of them is placed in the machine), and com-
municates a revolving motion to the wheel which is to be cogged.
When the chain p is used it is placed as shewn, Sheet 1 of the
Drawings, on the cam wheel k, the curved piece being used only as a
lever to stretch the chain, to effect which the tension screw c is screwed
up; the curved piece 6 then bears against the toothed driving wheel of
the chain, and the four screws of the meter being loosened it follows that
the apparatus may slide on its two guides, and stretch the chain p.
When the chain is well stretched the screws e are screwed up, and
the curved piece being no longer of any use may be loosened. On the
two axles g, h, are set dials, the hands of which are repeated on both
sides of the apparatus in case any obstruction should compel the operator
to place himself on the opposite side of the machine. The dial fitted
ong registers with accelerated motion; it brings the wheel forward
five millimetres per circumvolution of the hand. The dial fitted on h gives
an advancement of one millimetre, and is divided into one hundred parts,
equal to 10,000 of a metre in decimal measure. The dial is also employed
for accelerating motion in turning the ends and the sides of cogs, in
which case the hand crank is fitted on axle g instead of h.

page_text: '
WORKING OF THE MACHINE.
First Operation.-Facing or Turning the Top Ends of Cogs.-Presuming
I have to divide and shape a cog wheel already cogged with rough cogs I
bring the dividing apparatus near the wheel, and place it so that it faces
the top end of the cogs. I incline the oscillating frame C so that it is at
a tangent to the circumference of the wheel. The oscillating frame is
fastened by screws E pressing on the forked pieces D. I then direct
the screw jack or buttress f of the dividing apparatus towards a fixed
spot, and when firmly set so as to perfectly consolidate and steady the
framing; and this latter being brought level with the wheel I firmly
secure the machine by screw bolts to the ground or flooring, or on pieces
of timber according to the nature of the locality in which the machine
is placed. When the apparatus cannot be fixed on the ground it may
be secured to beams by means of various cramps or bolt eyes provided
for that purpose on each side of the frame. When the machine is firmly
secured facing the wheel I fix the cutting tools or blades L by which
the ends of the cogs are to be cut on the shaft H or the cutter L' on
the shaft H (see Fig. 2, Sheets 1 and 3), and I then set up the helicoidal
wheel O with its axle Q. I then pass the steel band or chain on the
circumference of the wheel over the cogs and inside of the dividing
apparatus over the cam wheel k. I then stretch the band o or chain P
by means of the curved piece b which is drawn tight by a forked screw c.
When the dividing apparatus d is near enough to the curved piece b,
I screw up the four screws e, thus fixing the dividing apparatus in its
proper position; the machine is then set in motion. While turning
the handle g of the dividing apparatus until the first cog comes in front
of the blade (as in Fig. 2, Sheet 1), I push the sliding frame forward,
and the blades L cut the top end of the cog; I then draw back the
sliding frame to its first position, and by turning the dividing handle pass
to the next cog, and so on to the last cog.
Second Operation.-Division and Shaping of Cogs. For this operation
the blades L must be changed and the blades K be substituted, or the shaft
H with the blades K', K", may be employed. Nails are to be driven on a
few cogs so as to prevent the band or chain slipping. Supposing the
circumference of the wheel to measure 1884 centimetres or divisions of the
band or chain and the number of cogs to be 398, the pitch will be 47
millimetres 03. Having brought down the first cog in front of the blade

page_text: (see Sheet 1), I put the machine in motion, pushing at the same time the
sliding frame C. The two blades then shape the two faces of a middle
space between two cogs. I bring back the sliding frame, and the
machine continuing to revolve I make nine revolutions with the dividing
handle fixed on the axle g, which produces 45 millimetres of advance-
ment on the chain or band and consequently on the circumference of
the cog wheel. I make two other revolutions with the hand of the
other dial, and three divisions more, the advancement on this dial being
one millimetre for each revolution, it follows that I obtain 2 millimetres
+18=45+218=4713, after which, the next cog being brought
facing the blade I again push the sliding frame and shape the cog.
This operation is repeated for each cog to the last, this varying 1
millimetre, which may be divided amongst several cogs if an absolutely
accurate division be required. The dials of the dividing apparatus are
repeated on both sides of the machine, so that the operator may be able
to govern the quadrant dial hands even should one side of the machine
be unapproachable.
Third Operation.-Turning the Ends of the Cogs or Facing both Sides
of the Wheel. For this purpose I remove the axles Q and H, fix the block
a with its small axle X, and then put on the axle S carrying the blades
T, U. On this axle are fastened either the blades T or the saw U, which
are set at a distance from each other regulated by the width of the cogs.
I then put the machine in motion, at the same time turning the dividing
handle placed on the axle g of the indicator or meter, which accelerates
the rotation of the wheel and brings cach cog either to the saw U or to
the blade T. By putting together the blades K and L, the wheel may be
turned on its periphery, divided, and shaped in a single operation, and
the time required to perfect the work be reduced one-third. An endless
chain is used only for very large wheels which will only rotate under
great power; in all other cases the steel band is preferable as being more
pliable, light, and rigid. The axle Z of the bevil gearing may be
removed as aforesaid and set up in various positions. For that purpose
lugs with bolt eyes are arranged to receive the two plummer blocks
carrying the axle should any impediments necessitate their use. In
case there should not be sufficient space for working with cranks, shafts
of various lengths could be joined together by a coupling box in such
a way that the machine may be driven from any desired distance (as
shewn Fig. 10, Sheet 3).

page_text: The right and left frames A. instead of being such as they are repre-
sented on the elevation, Sheet No. 1, can be made of two pieces bolted
together by bolts b', ', so that by removing the lower part of such frame
the machine may be set on a sole plate, which will permit its being then
mounted either on a sliding rest or in any suitable frame, according to
circumstances.
To prevent any mistakes on the part of the workman when dividing
and shaping the cogs of a wheel I employ a contrivance consisting
in a guide or pattern of the shape of the hollow part existing between
two consecutive cogs when the two first cogs have been cut to shape.
This pattern E¹ (represented by red lines under the shaping tool which
cuts the cog, Sheet 1) is fastened on the right side of the sliding frame
and placed in such a way that it fills exactly the hollow recess between
two cogs, which after every operation will be brought opposite to the
said pattern, so that should the operator by mistake have given the
handle of the dividing apparatus one turn more or less than required he
would necessarily perceive his error when pushing forward the sliding
frame, for if the pattern is not precisely opposite to the recess it will be
stopped in its forward motion, and the handle must then be turned right
or left until the pattern fits into the recess.
For dividing and shaping the cogs of bevil wheels the dividing
apparatus must be removed and fitted on a separate frame in order to
facilitate the passage of the endless chain or band over the edge of the
wheel to be cut, and its subsequent passage to the register. The further
working will be the same as for the straight wheels, excepting that only
one side of a cog can be shaped at once, for which purpose a special
shaping tool L (Figs. 5 and 5*, Sheet 1) is used, and the sliding frame
is brought into line with the line passing through the centre of the
wheel to be shaped, which necessitates the execution of this work in two
operations; all the cogs are first shaped on one and the same side before
changing and shaping them on the other side.
The said machine may be employed with advantage for dividing and
shaping the cogs of large cast-iron wheels, an operation which cannot
possibly be performed with any dividing machine in actual use, the most
important machine makers having none capable of dividing and shaping
wheels six feet in diameter.
To adapt my machine for turning and shaping cast-iron cogs I slightly

page_text: What I claim as my Invention is,-
Firstly. The combination of a portable machine for turning, dividing,
and shaping wooden cogs upon wheels of from one foot and three-quarters
in diameter up to any diameter, either in workshops or in manufactories,
this machine being actuated by hand, crank, or by any available power.
Secondly. The arrangement of the oscillating frame C, which can be
inclined in the direction of the centre of the cog wheel, so that the
blade holder F may always present its blades at right angle with the
radius of the wheel.
Thirdly. The arrangement of the vertical shaft H which receives the
four turning and shaping blades K, L, and that H' which receives the
blades K, L, K', L', either together or separately, and capable of being.
set in all directions to permit the use of the same blades for making
several different pitches, and also capable of raising or lowering the
said blades when the position requires it or when they are worn, and
permitting the shaping of two sides at the same time and the turning of
the top ends of cogs.
Fourthly. The arrangement of the blades T and saw holders U for
cutting the sides of cogs or facing the wheel on both sides, these cutting
blades and saw holders being capable of shifting horizontally on their
shaft according to the width that is to be given to the cogs.
Fifthly. The use of a chain of any description divided and numbered
by decimal measures or otherwise for measuring the periphery of the
wheel to be cut, and serving as a rack by gearing with a wheel of the
dividing apparatus; it also serving to move the wheel for the turning,
dividing, and cutting it.
Sixthly. The use of a band or ribbon of any sort of metal divided and
numbered by centimetres of decimal measures or otherwise, the said
band or ribbon being used for measuring the circumference of the wheel

page_text: and also for actuating it. The band or ribbon being furnished in its
entire length with either openings or bosses rolled with the band or
fitted thereon, or simply with plain pins or pins screwed from distance to
distance forms a rack, which gearing with the wheel k fitted on the
dividing apparatus actuates the cog wheel in the same manner as the
chain.
Seventhly. The application of the said machine for dividing and
shaping cogs of large cast-iron wheels by merely modifying the size of
the frame, as well as the speed and form of the shaping tool, which must
be appropriate for cutting cast iron, the whole substantially as and for
the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Evotte, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Signed and sealed in the
presence of
L. D'AUBRÉVILLE, C. E.,
60, Boulev. de Strasbourg,
Paris.
C. EVOTTE. (L.S.)