Improvements in Cramps for Cramping Together Blocks of Concrete, Stone, and the like, in Breakwater and other Works.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1899
Complete Spacification 1 off 12th lon 1000
Improvements in Cramps for Cramping Together Blocks of Concrete,
Stone, and the like, in Breakwater and other Works.
I, WILLIAM SHIELD, of The Links, Peterhead, North Britain, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
The invention relates to self fixing cramps and consists of a pair of standards
or clamping arms each of which is provided with a hole at its upper end through
which is passed a loosely fitting cramping bolt, the latter being screw threaded
at one or both of its ends and fitted with a nut or nuts or with a tapered split
key or keys acting against the upper ends of the standards or clamping arms.
Each standard or clamping arm is placed in a Lewis core or other hole and it has
on one side near to the bolt a bearing face which may be either flat or curved to
fit against the side of the Lewis core or other hole and on the opposite side at
the lower end a bearing point or heel which may be of shape, either flat, rounded,
knife edge or serrated, to suit the form and nature of the material for which the
cramp is required.
:
The connecting bolt may be of any length to suit the distance apart of the
cramp holes and may be of round, square or other convenient section.
In fixing the cramps the two standards or cramping arms are threaded upon
the ends of the bolt, enough play being allowed to enable them to drop freely
into their respective holes. A few turns of the nut or the driving of the, key
is then all that is required to secure the cramp, the resistance to withdrawal
offered by the standards increasing as strain is applied by the cramping bolt.. ;
The standards or cramping arms may be either forged or cast and may be
made of iron, steel or other suitable material.
Dated this 4th day of December 1899.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Cramps for Cramping Together Blocks of Concrete,
Stone, and the like, in Ereakwater and other Works.
I, WILLIAM SHIELD, of Peterhead, North Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
-
The invention relates to self fixing cramps: -
I will describe my invention by the aid of the accomment

page_text: which Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 2 a plan showing a couple of blocks
of material held together by my self fixing cramp. Fig. 3 is a face view of one
of the standards or clamping arms and Fig. 4 is a like view of the other of such
parts.
My invention consists of a pair of standards or clamping arms a a¹ each of which
is provided with a hole at its upper end through which is passed a loosely fitting
cramping bolt b, the latter being screw threaded at one or both of its ends and
fitted with a nut or nuts, or with a tapered split key or keys acting against the
upper ends of the standards or clamping arms. In the drawing the cramping bolt
is shown provided with a head b₁ at one end and a nut 62 on the other end.
or
Each standard or clamping arm a or al is placed in a Lewis core or other hole c
and it has on one side near to the bolt b a bearing face a² or a²*
which may be either Hat as shown on the standard or arni
curved as shown on a¹ or of other form to fit against the side of the Lewis core
or other hole c and on the opposite side at the lower end a bearing point or heel a³
which may be of shape either flat, rounded, knife edged or serrated to suit the
form and nature of the material for which the cramp is required. The connecting
bolt may be of any length to suit the distance apart of the cramp holes c and
may be of round, square, or other convenient section. Near to one end of the
bolt is preferably provided a projecting nib or stud fitting into a recess or
groove a, in the clamping arm a or a¹ for the purpose of preventing the bolt b
turning round. The horizontal distance between the bearing surface a² or a²*
and the bearing point or heel a³ must correspond with the width of the hole c in
which the standard a is to be placed.
In fixing the cramps the two standards or cramping arms a are threaded upon
the ends of the bolt enough play being allowed to enable them to drop freely
into their respective holes c. A few turns of the nut 2 or the driving of the key
is then all that is required to secure the cramp the resistance to withdrawal offered
by the standards a increasing as strain is applied by the cramping bolt b.
When cramps are intended for use in sea works the nuts should fit tightly.
An important feature of the invention is that all loose parts and packings are
dispensed with.
The standards or cramping arms a may be either forged, cast or formed in
other manner and may be made of iron, steel or other suitable material.
It will be noticed that the standard or cramping arms a a¹ shown in the
drawing are of slightly different form, that marked a having its bearing face a²*
and bearing point or heel a projecting further from the body thereof than do
the parts a a³ of the standard or cramping arm a from the body thereof. It will
be understood that either form may be used at both ends of the cramping
bolt 6 if so required to suit the arrangement of Lewis cores or other holes.
Ay said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare at what
I claim is:--
A cramp consisting of a pair of standards or clamping arms each for ned on its
inner side with a bearing face near its upper end and on its opposite side with a
bearing point or heel and having a hole above said bearing face and a loosely
fitting cramping bolt passed through such holes and provided wit a nut or
nuts or other tightening means acting against the upper ends of the standards
or clamping arms substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 19th Tonnow 1000
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.