Improvements in Anchors.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 18th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 18th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 13th July, 1995
Improvements in Anchors.
I, HERBERT OMAR DUNN of Ocean View, Rhode Island, Washington County,
United States of America, Lieutenant United States Navy, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to anchors, usually called stockless anchors, that is,
anchors having no stocks and movable flukes; and it has more particularly for its
objects to provide anchors of this kind wherein a strong construction is afforded;
and also to provide such a construction of anchor as enables it to be brought
closely up to, and neatly and closely housed or stowed against the side of the ship
when the shank is drawn through the hawse pipe.
An anchor provided with improvements according to this invention has the flukes
made in one piece, the connection of the two flukes being at the head, and such
head having a space or chamber within it, in which the head of the shank is
disposed and works.
The fluke head is provided with internally projecting ledges-preferably at right
angles-about the lower part of the chamber therein, whilst the shank head is
provided with corresponding externally projecting provisions or ledges, which
engage with and work on said fluke bead projecting ledges, the latter ledges thus
constituting the bearing and support for the shank head.
The shank head and fluke head are so formed that the fluke head is borne, and
the stresses are taken by the shank head, when the anchor is in action, the bearing
taking place at the opposite sides of the centre of the shank head.
A portion of
the metal of the underside of the fluke head bears on the then upper side of the
shank, whilst on the upper or outer side of the fluke head, a part of the surface of
metal surrounding the chamber therein, comes in contact with the underside of a
projecting part of the head-which in some cases may be inclined, the inside shape
of the fluke head chamber being made to correspond.
The fluke head is held in position on the shank by a pin passing through them,
but such pin does not take any of the greater stresses to which the anchor is
subjected when in use, but all these stresses are borne by and between the fluke
head and shank themselves.
A ledge or projecting portion is provided on either side of the fluke bead for the
purpose of making an engagement of the flukes at the bottom when the anchor
lowered, but such projections or ledges are so formed and carried out to such an
extent only, as permits of the anchor flukes being brought up snugly along the side
or surface of the ship when the shank is drawn through the hawse pipe holes, so
rendering it unobjectionable in respect of the point of stowage. Also in some
cases the head is carried out on either side in the plane of the flukes so as to assist
in causing or ensuring quick turning, and the proper biting action and engagement
of the fluke with the bottom as soon as the anchor touches.
Dated this 17th day of July 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.

page_text: DETE CITIFICATION.
Improvements in Anchors.
1. HERBERT OMAR DUNN of Ocean View, Rhode Island, Washington County,
United States of America, Lieutenant. United States Navy, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to anchors, usually called stockless anchors, that is,
anchors having no stocks, and movable flukes; and it has more particularly for its
objects to provide anchors of this kind wherein a strong construction is afforded;
and also to provide such a construction of anchor as enables it to be brought
closely up to, and neatly and closely housed or stowed against the side of the ship
when the shank is drawn through the hawse pipe.
An anchor provided with improvements according to this invention has the flukes
made in one piece, the connection of the two flukes being at the head, and such
head having a space or chamber within it, in which the bead of the shank is
disposed and works.
The fluke head is provided with internally projecting ledges-preferably at right
angles-about the lower part of the chamber therein, whilst the shank head is
provided with corresponding externally projecting provisions or ledges, which
engage with and work on said fluke head projecting ledges, the latter ledges thus
constituting the bearing and support for the shank head.
The shank head and fluke head are so formed that the fluke head is borne, and
the stresses are taken by the shank head, when the anchor is in action, the bearing
taking place at the opposite sides of the centre of the shank head. A portion of
the metal of the underside of the fluke head bears on the then upper side of the
shank, whilst on the upper or outer side of the fluke head, a part of the surface of
metal surrounding the chamber therein, comes in contact with the underside of a
projecting part of the head-which in some cases inay be inclined, the inside shape
of the fluke head chamber being made to correspond.
The fluke head is held in position on the shank by a pin passing through them,
but such pin does not take any of the greater stresses.. to which the anchor is
subjected when in use, but all these stresses are borne by and between the fluke
head and shank themselves.
A ledge or projecting portion is provided on either side of the fluke head for the
purpose of making an engagement of the flukes at the bottom when the anchor is
lowered, but such projections or ledges are so formed and carried out to such an
extent only, as permits of the anchor flukes being brought up snugly along the
side or surface of the ship when the shank is drawn through the hawse pipe holes,
so rendering it unobjectionable in respect of the point of stowage. Also in some
cases the head is carried out on either side in the plane of the flukes so as to assist
in causing or ensuring quick turning, and the proper biting action and engagement.
of the fluke with the bottom as soon as the anchor touches.
In the drawings illustrating this invention.
Figure 1 is a plan of an anchor provided with my improvements.
Figure 2 is a plan in section of the head of the anchor.
Figure 3 is an end view. And Figure 4 is longitudinal sectional elevation of the
anchor.
1..
Referring now to the drawings, a is the shank of the anchor, and 6 is the shank
head. c are the flukes and d the fluke head or crown forming the connecting
portion. between the two flukes proper. The head d has a chamber e within it,
from the bottom of which extends a passage e, through which the shank a passes;
while the shank head b has ledges or cheeks 6', which extend out beyond the side
of the shank on either side; and the shank passage being only the width of the

page_text: shank, the cheeks fit in the chamber at either side, on the bottom of which they
bear and work when in use. Thus the bottom of the fluke head at the side forms
internal ledges on which the edges of the shank cheeks rest, and thus through these
projections the whole pull and stress on the anchor when in action is transmitted to
the fluke head and flukes.
fis a pin passing through the fluke head d and the shank head b, by which the
shank and fluke portion are held together, that is, by which the shank is prevented
from moving or slipping outwards through the fluke head. It is securely fastened
in the fluke head, but passes freely through the shank head, so as to avoid stresses
which come upon the shank, being put upon it-the pin, and to allow of the whole
load and stress coming upon the side ledges at the bottom of the chamber e.
The metal of the fluke head or crown, as will be seen more particularly in
Figure 4, is carried out on either side, and the hole e' through which the shank a
passes, and in which it moves, is extended on either side of the central plane in
which the flukes lie; and the metal forming the walls at the end of this extended
opening serves as a stop to, or a means of limiting, the movement of the
flukes and fluke head about the axis of oscillation thereof-the pin f. The metal
at the ends of this opening is at an angle which will coincide with the
line representing the edge of the shank a on either side, so that the stress on the
fluke head will be properly borne at this point, when the stress, due to the pull on
the shank, through the resistance caused by the flukes being in the sand, comes
upon it. On the side of the axis about which the fluke head moves, opposite this,
the end of the shank head bis made wedge-shape, while the ends of the chamber e
are made or arranged at such an angle, that the sides of the head 6 will lie and
come in contact with them when the anchor is in action. In this way, while on one
side of the axis or pin e, the fluke head d comes in contact with and is borne by
the shank a, on the opposite side, the fluke head comes in contact with and is borne
by the shank head b. In this way, or by this construction, the fluke head and
flukes are borne upon the shank at two points, (not necessarily all along the shank
and its head, as shown and just specified) and without any stress or load being
placed upon the holding pin f, affording thereby a very strong construction.
The portion of the fluke head or crown by which engagement of the flukes with
the bottom is made, when the anchor is lowered, consists of the projecting parts /
on the head d, these projections being, however, carried out to a small extent only,
(to about the extent and proportion illustrated in the drawings) as permits of the
flukes being brought up snugly along the side or surface of the ship when the shank
is drawn through the hawse pipe holes, so rendering it unobjectionable in respect
of the point of stowage.
As regards the angle to which movement of the flukes in relation to the shank
may be limited, it is not restricted to that one shewn, but about 45 degrees will be
found suitable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improvement in anchors herein described, i.e. an anchor wherein two
flukes are integral with a fluke head or crown, said fluke bead or crown having a
chamber in same with an aperture at the bottom for passing the shauk through,
and to allow for movement of the fluke head upon the shank, and ledges at either
side at the bottom; and a shank, having projecting cheeks or side pieces at its head
which correspond with and work in connection with the ledges at the bottom of the
fluke head or crown chamber, to which the load and stresses on the anchor, when
in action, are transmitted from the shank to the fluke head or crowu and flukes,
and by which they are borne; operating substantially as and for the purposes
described.
5 2. The improvement in anchors herein described, i.e. an anchor wherein the
flukes are integral with the fluke head or crown, and the shank passes through

page_text: Baid fluke head or crown, the fluke head or crown and shank being constructed
substantially as described so that, when in action, the fluke head bears and rests
upon the shank and shank head on opposite sides of the axis about which the fluke
head or crown moves upon the shank: for the purposes specified.
3. An anchor of the type herein referred to, having flukes integral with a fluke
head or crown, and a chamber in the fluke head or crown, with an opening at its
bottom, and ledges on either side; a shank having a head with projecting side
pieces or cheeks which fit in said chamber and work upon the said ledges therein,
the chamber and hole having the metal forming their ends, and the shank bearing
its head, so formed, that the fluke head or crown bears and rests upon the shank on
both sides of the axis about which the movement of the head or crown takes
place; and a pin ffixed in the fluke head or crown and passing loosely through
the shank head; all substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
4. The anchor having its parts constructed, arranged, and adapted to operate
particularly as herein set forth with reference to, and as shewu in the drawings.
Dated this 17th day of April 1895.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.