CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF WINDOWS FOR VENTILATING CARS, DWELLINGS, STEAMBOATS, AND OTHER LIKE PLACES, AND IN ATTACHMENTS THERETO
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Gedge, of No. 11, Wellington
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF WINDOWS FOR VENTILATING CARS, DWELLINGS, STEAMBOATS,
AND OTHER LIKE PLACES, AND IN ATTACHMENTS THERETO." -A communi-
cation from abroad by "The Bradley Window Company," of New
York. in the United States of America.
•
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Edward Gedge
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 7th January 1874, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.

page_text: "
DWELLINGS, STEAMBOATS, AND OTHER LIKE PLACES, AND IN ATTACHMENTS THERETO,”
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn Declaration that it is a communication to me
from abroad by "The Bradley Window Company," of New York, in the
United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Gedge, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to windows constructed in addition to the
ordinary sliding sash with an adjustable inner sash or frame in which
the glass is set, and which is so connected with the outer sash that it
may be inclined from the plane of the window in either direction, or
may be projected outwardly from the plane of the window in a plane
parallel therewith or inclined vertically thereto as circumstances may
require, and is so connected with the window sash as not to prevent the
raising and lowering of the windows. The said windows may be pro-
vided also with a hood, cap, or guard attached to the window above the
adjustable sash to prevent rain, snow, or dust from entering at the top
of the window. They may also be provided with a flexible curtain
or apron to prevent the air from entering at the top of the adjustable
sash, and with moveable or adjustable perforated screens and other
devices, herein-after more specifically described.
And the particular parts, contrivances, things, and combinations
which I claim as new, and for which I claim the exclusive property and
privilege are more particularly stated at the end of this Specification.
Figures 1 to 5 inclusive of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing are
intended more particularly to show the general mode and operation of
the windows, not fully showing the details; Figure 1 representing the
window as seen from the inside when one edge of the adjustable inner
sash or panel is thrown out. Figure 2 is an external view with the sash
in the same position; Figure 3 is a horizontal section with the sash in
the same position. Figure 4 represents a horizontal section with the
adjustable sash thrown out in a plane parallel with that of the window,
and, Figure 5 represents the window with the top of the adjustable sash
thrown outwardly.

page_text: Figure represents the exterior of the handle.
Figure 8 shows a section of the sash in a plane at right angles to
that of Figure 6, showing the construction of the shank and handle for
moving the bolts.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of the sash with the hood and flexible
curtain or apron.
Figure 10 is a horizontal section representing the window in a position
similar to that in Figure 4, with the adjustable perforated screens and
other devices.
Figure 11 is a section, and Figure 12 a plan view showing the devices
for attaching the adjustable sash to the sliding one in detail; and
Figure 13 shows the peculiar construction of the keeper or bolt holes in
section which may be adopted if desired.
Proceeding more particularly to describe this improved window, its
mode of operation, and the details of its construction, it will be seen by
the first five Figures that the inner sash which is intended to hold the
glass, and may therefore be appropriately designated as the window, and
which is preferably made of the same thickness as the outer or sliding
sash is connected therewith with a number, preferably four, of hinges or
pivoted toggle links which are preferably placed, a pair at the top and a
pair at the bottom of the sashes, or they may be placed on either or both
sides.
The inner sash or window is represented by the letter B, the outer one
by the letter A, and the glass by the letter C, the toggle links being
marked D, D. In Figure 12 these links are seen more plainly, and are
pivoted at d. to the plates g. The two sashes are rabitted so as to fit
tightly together, and when closed apparently form but one, which will
slide up and down as an ordinary sash.
If the direction
If now when the window is down one side of the inner sash is pushed
out the links on the top and bottom on that side will allow it to open
the sash in the position shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
of the wind be as shown by the arrows there will be a draught created.
outwardly from the car which will be supplied by fresh air entering

page_text: through interstices all over the car, and will produce a most efficient and
cleanly ventilation. As either side of the window may be pressed out at
pleasure this effect can always be secured in a car or steamboat, or any
object moving with sufficient rapidity to create a breeze.
It will sometimes be found desirable that the window should be opened
at the top only, and for this position I have provided a metallic hood
at the top of the window shown at H, Figures 2, 5, and 9, which will
prevent the entry of rain or snow, and will also by imparting a curved
direction to the air currents secure cleanliness. This hood is curved up
at the lower edge to form a trough, highest at the middle, which acts as
an cave trough. I have also placed under this hood a downwardly
inclined apron or curtain J, Figure 9, of thin metal, rubber, leather, or
other material, at once sufficiently elastic to yield to the outward motion
of the sash, and to press tightly to the top of the same, one edge being
secured to the cars or to the casing. Any elastic device may be used
instead of this to form a tight joint at the top of the sash, and at the
same time allow of its outward movement. The apron if used will
prevent any draught over the top of the window, and secure a powerful
uninterrupted lateral current immodified by vertical ones.
At each side of the interior of the window casing I propose to place :
hinged or pivoted swinging screens L, Fig. 10, formed of perforated
metal plates, wire gauze, or other suitable material shaped to rest
closely to the interior of the casing when thrown back out of use, and
which may be provided with strips of rubber or other packing upon
their edges, so that when the same are placed against the glass they
will fit tightly thereto; they should also be provided with suitable
catches or stops to hold them in position, and as these may be of any
ordinary description they are not shown in the Drawings.
In the Drawing these screens are represented as thrown across the
openings caused by pushing out the sash, and when thus used will form
an efficient screen or strainer to purify the air and exclude the dust.
Either or both may be thus employed, and if it is preferred they may
also be applied at the top and bottom of the sash. These screens are
not hinged directly to the casing, but are connected therewith by the
swinging arms m pivoted at n, so that when thrown back they will not a
interfere with the working with the window. When applied to the
windows of a dwelling house they will be useful as mosquito guards.

page_text: The jointed links or hinges are shown in detail at Fig. 11; they are
pivoted together at d², and at dare pivoted to the plates g. These
plates are secured firmly, one to the inner sash B, and the other to the
sliding sash A, as shown in Figures 10 and 12. Thus the links connect
the sash to the window casing, and the plates form the seat upon which
they work, receiving all the wear and preventing the joints from
becoming loose. Put the exterior of the casing at the lower part of the.
same and level with the lower edge of the adjustable sash, I form a
projecting sill I, Figures 9 and 10, preferably of metal, and at the outer
edge of the same I secure fixed pins j, j, which form stops to limit the
outward motion of the adjustable sash. The different position in which
the adjustable sash may be placed is shown by broken lines in
Figure 10.
I
In Figures 6 and 8, two bolts e and e¹ are shown which are intended
to run in mortices or tubes in the side strips of the moveable sash,
e being the upper, and e¹ the lower one; they are pivoted to the disc a,
as shown in Fig. 8, and by its rotation will be thrown in and out. The
lower bolt is curved so that the amount of wood necessary to be cut
away to provide for its motion may be reduced, as the lower bolt is
usually made much shorter than the other, and the consequent saving
to be effected by this device is therefore much greater than with the
upper or long bolt. I have only shown the lower bolt curved, but of
course this may be done with both bolts if desired.
The disc a is made to rotate by the rock shaft b, the end of which is
square, and is morticed in a square hole of the disc and rivetted to the
latter or secured by any other well known devices. The end of the
shaft projects through the plate f to the interior of the casing, and is
provided with a crank or handle c, the play of which is limited by the
collar fupon the plate which extends three quarters of the way around
the shank, so that its ends form stops for the handles which play
between them.
The ends of the bolts pass through the hole h of the enlarged end of
the plate g, Fig. 12, on the movable sash, and sink either into the
similar hole in the enlarged end of the plate y attached to the outer
sliding sash, when the movable sash is closed, or when it is pushed out
into either of the holes H made in the end of the before-mentioned sill in
the path of the ends of the bolts. These holes or keepers may be made
bevelled like the countersunk heads of screw holes, and lead to holes in