An Improved Apparatus for Obtaining Series of Photographs, and for Viewing and Projecting such Photographs.
Year: 1895

page_text: France),
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 5th Oct., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 18th June, 1896-Accepted, 15th Aug., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Obtaining Series of Photographs, and
for Viewing and Projecting such Photographs.
I, HENRI JOLY, of 37 Allées Yonceaux, Le Deneux, (Lein), in the Republic
of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be na
follows:-
The subject of this invention is an improved camera, described as a "chrono-
photographic" camera, as it enables a large number of photographs to be taken
within a predetermined space of time, all of the views thus obtained being equally
neat and clear; the improved apparatus being, moreover, adapted to serve as a
kinetoscope for "moving" projections
The apparatus substantially consists of a wood case within which there are
aanged two metal brackets adapted to support the parts of the mechanism
hereinafter to be described.
T'ho
Motion is imparted to the apparatus by means of a crank adapted to act upon a
wheel, which, though the medium of a chain, operates a pinion igidly secured on
a spudle. Aollet enables the chain to be tightened to the required extent.
sad spindle cartes a pinion engaging with two gear wheels through the medium
of which motion is conveyed to another gear wheel, upon the shaft of which is
mounted a roller provided with teeth along two peripheral lines, such teeth being
adapted to engage in apertures provided throughout the length of the film baud.
A pressure roller retains the film against the aforesaid toothed roller, so that it
may be carried along thereby. A spring is adapted to act upon the aim which
supports the spindle of the said pressure roller. When the toothed roller revolves,
it canes along the film which is wound, in the shape of a continuous strip or band,
upon a spool. After passing the toothed roller, the film passos between two guide
rollers and then descends vertically and enters the camera proper and as it issues
therefrom, it becomes wound upon a roller, within a movable frame supported by
Jointed or pivoted aims From this frame, the film passes on between two other
rollers, thence to a second toothed roller from which it passes to another roller and is
finally wound upon a second spool.
The first mentioned spindle carries a pinion which, through the medium of a
wheel, operates another wheel mounted upon the same spindle as the second toothed
roller Motion is imparted to the second spool by means of a spring confined
within a case, which latter is, for this purpose, fitted with a wheel, which operates
the spindle of the spool through the medium of a pinion.
In proceeding to explain the manner in which the improved apparatus is'
operated and employed, we will suppose that the hlm has been put in place, and
see how the several parts of the mechanism will deal with it. The bist mentioned*

page_text: spindle having been set in motion, makes the first toothed roller revolve with it
and unwinds the film from the spool. When the photograph has been taken, a
disc-crank causes a movable fiame to oscillate about its pivot and compels it at
the same time, through the medium of a connecting rod, to advance towards the
front portion of the apparatus. The film, engaged or caught within the said frame
must follow this movement. It cannot rerede, being checked, at its lower part, by
the teeth of the second toothed roller. The consequence is that the portion of
the film which has just received the photographic impression must needs issue
from the camera and be immediately replaced by a fresh section of the film which
is still free from any impression.
As the first mentioned spindle continues to revolve, the aforesaid movable fiamo
makes a backward movement, so that the fold in the film which it had caused to
form is relieved from any tension, and the second toothed rolle then allows that
part of the film which goes to form that particular fold to descend. The first
toothed roller, in its turn, by this time, will have unwound from the first spool a
quantity of the film corresponding to that which has been wound on to the second
spool.
Before commencing operations, the moment the film is inserted into the apparatus,
a fold is made by hand, between the first toothed roller and the guide rollers.
Inasmuch as there is wound on the second spool a length of film equal to that
unwound from the other spool, such fold will retain its form intact as long as the
photographic operation lasts, the result being, that, as the second toothed roller
exercises its pull upon the film which is loose, there is no 11sk of such film being
torn asunder or damaged.
At the commencement of the operation, the aforesaid spring enclosed in its
care is stretched to about one half of its stretching power, and in order that this
tension of the spring may always be maintained, since it is thus spuing that causes
the secoud spool to rotate, there is arranged upon the spindle of the second
toothed rollei a wheel which through the medium of a chain operates a pinion
upon the spindle of which there is mounted another pinion in gear with a wheel
that serves to wind up the spring.
During the operation of the apparatus, therefore, the tension of the sping will
be constantly maintained at the requisite degice.
The shutter is mounted upon a spindle carrying a worm-wheel in gear with au
endless grew mounted upon the spindle heren ist referred to.
To enable the hlm to move ficely upon entering the camera proper, while at
the same time permitting it to be stopped when required for exposure, there is
arianged at a short distance above the aperture of the camera, a hinge carrying a
pin or stud adapted to move within a slide way which is provided to the purpose
at the upper end of a pivoted lever, the lower end of which lever is also provided
with a slide way in which engages a pin or stud projecting from the end of a 1od
connected to the sheave of an eccentre. This eccentric is mounted upon the
spindle heren first referred to. The moment the movable fiame advances so as
to bring about the descent of the portion of the film which has just received the
photographic impression, the eccentric rud also advances and the pivoted lever
then removes the hinge from the plate against which the film rests, such plate
being htted with a velvet band to protect the film fion damage by friction. The
said plate is removable, so that the strip of velvet may be readily replaced when
worn out or when rendered unfit for further use by dust or unpurities.
During the whole time taken up by the advancing movement of the movable
frame towards the front portion of the apparatus, the hinge is away from the
aforesaid plute and nothing, therefore, prevents the film tom readily passing
between the two As soon, however, as the movable frame comes neat to the end
of its path the eccentric causes the lever to return to the diot, and the hinge
comes into contact with the sand plate, whereby the progress of the film is, for the
time being, interrupted
It will therefore be seen that if the film wore to show any tendency to continue

page_text: moving downwardly it would be undered from so doing by the huge; and,
furthermore, the piessure exerted by the said hinge upon or against the plate
enables the second toothed roller to keep the film constantly extended within the
camera proper.
When the film is arrested one of the apertures provided in the shutter takes up
its position between the camera and the object glass. The film, therefore, receives
the impression the moment it is stopped in its movement. A diaphragm, provided
with an adjustable opening is properly located within the camera. In small
apparatus, the first toothed roller may, if required, he dispensed with, the film
being unwound by the action of the movable fiame.
When my improved apparatus is to be used as a kinetoscope, the bottom wall of
the camera, 18 replaced by a translucent glass plate. The film in that case will
unwind itself exactly in the same manner as stated above; and by placing behind
such apparatus a sufficiently powerful source of light, provided with a reflector
and a condenser, the image represented on the film may be received upon a screen.
Such image may only, however, be thus projected while the film is motionless for,
as previously explained, at that moment only, one of the apertures of the shutter
18 situated in front of the camera and admits the rays of the light through tho
object glass.
Owing to the means adopted for feeding the film, a film band or tape of very
considerable length aud, consequently, of comparatively great weight may be
employed. The frame which serves to move along such film need not, in fact,
exercise a duect action upon the spool, there being at all times a certain length of
film unwound beforehand, so that it does not fall to the duty of the frame to bring
about the rotary motion of the spool.
In some cases, a single toothed-roller may be sufficient to properly work the
apparatus, provided such 1oller has a sufficiently large diameter. In that case,
the spools would both be placed on the same side of the camera and, therefore, the
teeth of the roller would, on one side, cause the film to be unwound from one
apool, while on the other side it would be wound on the second spol.
11 desired, an eccentric roller may be used instead of the movable frame,
provided it imparts to the film the same motion as the same frame.
Dated this 5th day of October 1895
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents to the Apple unt.
An Improved Apparatus for Obtaining Series of Photographs, and
for Viewing and Projecting such Photographs.
I, HENRI JOLY, of 37 Allées Yonceaux, La Deneux, (Lein), in the Republic
of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The subject of this invention is an improved camera, described as a
"chuono-
photographic" cainera, as it enables a large number of photographs to be taken
within a predetermined space of time, each of the views thus obtained being
equally neat and clear with the rest; the improved apparatus being, morcover,
adapted to serve as a kinetoscope for "moving" projections.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings
in which
Figure 11s a vertical section of my improved camera ;
Figure 2 18 a front elevation thereof: and

page_text: Figures and 4 are detan views of the parts whereby the nim is arrested at the
proper times.
The apparatus substantially consists of a wood case within which there are
arranged two metal brackets adapted to support the parts of the mechanism
hereinafter to be described.
Motion is imparted to the apparatus by means of a crank A adapted to act upon
the wheel B. The said wheel B, through the medium of a chain C, operates a
pinion Digidly seemed on to a spindle E. A roller D' enables the chain to be
tightened to the required extent. The spindle E carries a pinion F engaging with
the wheels G¹ and G through the medium of which mot on is conveyed to the
gear wheel G. Upon the shaft of wheel G 18 mounted a tolle provided with
teeth along two peripheral lines; such teeth being adapted to engage in apertures
provided throughout the length of the film band I. A pressine roller Hetains
the film against the roller H, so that it may be cared along thereby. A spring
Is adapted to act upon the arm which supports the spindle of the said rollor H
When the roller II revolves, it carries along the film which is wound, in the shape
of a continuous strip or band, upon the spool J. After passing the holler H, the
film passes between two guide ollers K K. The film then descends vertically
and enters the camera proper L. As it issues from the camera L, it becomes
wound upon a roller M, within the frame N supported by the jointed or pivoted
armis N. From this frame, the film passes on between two rollers O and 01,
thence to the toothed roller P from which it passes to the roller Q, to be finally
wound upon the spool R.
The spindle E carries a pinion S which, through the medium of a wheel S',
operates another wheel T, mounted upon the same spindle as the toller P Motion
is imparted to the spool R by means of a spring confined within the spring case U.
This sping case is, for this purpose, fitted with a wheel U, which operates the
spindle of the spool R through the medium of a pinion U",
In proceeding to explain the manner in which the improved apparatus is operated
and employed, we will suppose that the film has been put in place, and see how the
several paits of the mechanism will deal with it. The spindle E, having been set
in motion, makes the toller H evolve with it and unwinds the film from the spool J.
When the photograph has been taken, the disc-crank V causes the fiame N to
oscillate about its pivot N", compelling it at the same time, through the medium
of the connecting rod X, to advance towards the front portion of the apparatus.
The film, engaged on caught within the frame N, must follow this movement It
cannot recede, being choked, at its lower part, by the teeth of the roller P. The
consequence is that the portion of the film which has just received the photographic
impression must needs issue from the camera and be immediately replaced by a
fresh section of the film which is still free from any impression.
As the spindle E continues to revolve, the frame N makes a backward movement,
so that the fold in the film which it had caused to form is relieved from any tension,
and the roller P may then allow that part of the him which goes to form that
particular fold to descend. The roller H. in its turn, will have, by this time,
unwound from the spool Ja quantity of film corresponding to that which has been
wound on to the spool R, below.
Before commencing operations, the moment the film is inserted into the apparatus,
a fold is made by hand, between the roller II and the rollers K and K. Inasmuch
as there is wound on the spool R n length of film equal to that unwound from the
spool, such fold will retain its form intact as long as the photographic operation
lasts; the result being that as the roller P exercises its pull upon the film which
18 loose, there is Do 118k of such film being torn asunder oi dainaged.
At the commencement of the operation, the spring enclosed in its case U 18
stretched to about one half of its stretching power; and in order that this tension
of the spring may always be maintained, since it is this spring that causes the
spool R to rotate, there is arranged upon the spindle of the roller Pn wheel Y
which through the medium of the chain Y operates the pinion Y". Upon the

page_text: spindle of this pinion I There is mounted anorter pinion gear wICH THE
wheel which sei ves to wind up the spring.
Duing the operation of the apparatus, therefore, the tension of the spung will
be constantly maintained at the requisite degree
b
The shutter a is mounted upon a spindle carrying a worm-wheel c in gear with
an endless sciew & mounted upon the spindle E.
To enable the film to move freely upon entering the camera proper, while at
the same time permitting it to be stopped when required for exposure, there 18
arranged a short distance above the aperture of the camera, a hinge e, carrying a
pin or stud e adapted to move within a slide way which is provided for the
purpose at the upper end of a lever pivoted to the spindle g. the lower end of
which lever 18 also provided with a slide way in which engages a pin or stud
projecting from the end of the od h, Figure 4 connected to the collar of the
eccentric! This eccentric is mounted upon the spindle E. The moment the
frame N advances so as to bring about the descent of the portion of the film which
has just received the photographic impression, the rod h also advances.
lever pivoted to the spindle g, then removes the hinge e from the plate against
which the film rests, such plate being fitted with a velvet band which protects the
film from damage by fiction. The plate, as shown in Figure 3, is removable, so
that the strip of velvet may be readily replaced when worn out or when rendered
unfit for further use by dust or impurities
The
Duing the whole time taken up by the advancing movement of the frame N
towards the front portion of the apparatus, the hinge e continues removed from
the plate j, and nothing, therefore, prevents the film from readily passing between
the two
As soon, however, as the name N comes near to the end of its path the
eccentric causes the lever to return to the front, and the hinge e comes into
contact with the plate, whereby the progress of the film is, for the time being,
interrupted
It will therefore be seen that if the film were to show any tendency to continue
moving downwardly it would be hindered from so doing by the hinge e; and,
furthermore, the pressure exerted by the said hinge upon or against the plate j
Figure 3 enables the roller P to keep the film constantly extended within the
camera propеl.
When the film is arrested one of the apertures provided in the shutter takes up
its position between the camera and the abject glass The film, therefore, receives
the impression the moment it is stopped in its movement. A diaphragm, provided
with an adjustable ovening is properly located within the camera In small
apertures, the roller H may, if required, bo dispeused with, the film being unwound
by the action of the frame N.
When my improved apparatus is to be used as a kinetoscope, the bottom wall of
the camera, is replaced by a translucent glass plate The film in that case will
unwind itself exactly in the same manner as stated above; and by placing behind
such apparatus a sufficiently powerful source of light, provided with a reflector
and a condenser, the image represented on the film may be received upon a screen.
Such mage may only, however, be thus projected while the film is motionless for,
as previously explained, at that moment ouly one of the apertures of the shutter 18
situated in ficnt of the camera and admits the rays of the light through the object
glass
Owing to the means adopted for feeding the film, a film band or tape of very
considerable length aud, consequently, of comparatively great eight may be
employed. The fame N which serves to move along such film need not, in fact,
exercise a direct action upon tho spool, there being at all times a certain length of
film unwound beforehand, so that it does not fall to the duty of the frime to bring
about the rotary motion of the spool.
In some cases, a single toothed-roller may be sufficient to properly work the
apparatus, provided such roller has a sufficiently large diameter. In that case
the spools would both be placed ou the same side of the camera and, therefore,

page_text: the teeth of the roller would, on one side, cause the film to be unwound from oue
spool, while on the other side it would be wound on the second spool.
If desired, an eccentric roller may be used instead of the frame N, provided it
imparts to the film the same motion as the said frame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that I claun as my
exclusive property a chronophotographic apparatus capable of being likewise
employed for projections as a kinetoscope, for the reproducing of various
movements, the characteristic features being
1. A fold previously imparted to the film before its entering the dark chamber,
the said fold remaining constant during the whole time of the displacement of the
film and thus enabling the abrupt movements, necessary for the operation of the
apparatus, to nietely act upon a non-extended portion of the film and not upon
the whole mass of the film, substantially as hereinbofore described.
2. In combination with the film herciu before clained, two driving rollers for the
film, actuated so as to receive a continuous rotary motion, and provided with two
rows of points or teeth which enter into holes provided upon the edges of the film,
so as to cause the latter to move along, one of the said diving rollers being placed
near the magazine or feed roller of the film, before the fold herein before claimed
18 formed, and the other next to the dark chamber, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. In combination with the fold imparted to the film and the two continuous
driving rollers, as herein before claimed a frame actuated by a disc crank, imparting
to it a to and fro movement, the said frame being placed beneath the dark chamber
and caused to act abruptly at equal intervals of time over the whole width of the
film, so as to cause that part of the film which was previously located therein, to
rapidly leave the same, while forming, next to the daik chamber, a folded film to
prevent the continuous driving roller, from displacing that portion of the film which
lies behind the dark chamber, while this latter is uncovered by the obturator
(the said portion of the blm being at this moment stationary), substantially as
herein before described.
4. In combination with the fold unpaited to the film before its entering the dark
chamber, the two continuous driving tollers the frame with to and fro movement,
an obturator opening the dark chamber during the stoppages of the film and closing
the same during the displacements of the said film, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Dated til 18th day of June 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C, Agents for the Applicant.