AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DOUBLING SLIVERS OF CARDS AND FORMING LAPS OF CROSS LAYERS FOR SECOND CARDING OF WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Waddington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1866.
I, FREDERICK WADDINGTON, Manufacturer, at Saint Remy, near Nonancourt,
Department of Eure (France), do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DOUBLING SLIVERS OF CARDS AND FORMING
LAPS OF CROSS LAYERS FOR SECOND CARDING OF WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:
This machine is composed of three very distinct parts:-1, a lapping
machine; 2, a folding machine with transverse rovings ("lames"); 3, a
winding or rolling arrangement.
1. The lapping machine has for object to unite in a single roving ("lame")
several slivers coming from the first carding, and placed in cans at the back
of the machine:
:
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2. The folding machine receiving the roving coming from the lapping
machine folds it in zig-zag to the desired breadth and fixed length; and so
that it preserves a perfect regularity.
3. The rolling arrangement receiving the transversely folded wool presses
it and winds it on rollers, so that it may be placed behind a second carding
engine.
I will now describe the working of the machine, reference being had to the
Sheets of Drawing hereunto annexed (6;in number) forming part of this my

page_text: thereon.
The slivers coming from the first carding engine are placed in the cans A, a,
at the back of the machine; these slivers pass through projecting guides B, b,
(Figures 1, 2, and 3); these guides are provided with a clutch which stops
the entire machine when a sliver breaks, and prevents any inequality arising
from this cause. The various slivers are drawn draw rollers C, c, under
which they unite into a single roving; this roving passes through a con-
duit D, d, and goes to the draw rollers E, e, placed at the summit of the
machine. On issuing from these rollers the roving passes in the broken
conduit F, f, G, g, and goes to the rollers on the carriage H, h. This broken
conduit is jointed at its two ends and in the middle, and arranged in such
wise that in every position it offers the same developement which answers
exactly to that of the rollers on the carriage H, h, (Figures 1, 2, and 10).
These rollers are drawn with it in a rectilineal movement, which is rendered
alternate by means of a clutch (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) set in motion by
the wheels T, U, V, X, and rack Y. This clutch causes the conical pinion G
to gear at one time with the wheel H, at another with the wheel H', 'which
communicates to a rack which commands the carriage a rectilineal movement
first in one direction and then in the other; but at the same time that the
carriage accomplishes these movements carrying the roving with it, an endless
cloth with fallers I, i, also draws this roving towards the winding arrangement.
The filamentous roving is therefore submitted to two simultaneous movements,
the directions of which are perpendicular to each other. The cloth which
receives the roving has a speed which will open out a quantity equal to half
the width of this roving for each journey of the carriage, which will permit
the roving to fold in zig-zag on itself in a regular manner, and to form a
double lap having everywhere the same thickness, an end never hitherto
attained (Figure 9). The lap then passes between two pressing cylinders,
which in pressing it deprive it of every tendency to disunite. The lap thus
pressed is wound or rolled and pressed anew by two racks k; k, (Figure 1).
When the roll has attained the desired size the racks touch a piece or. bed,
which by means of levers causes the clutch of the protecting guides to work,
and throws the machine out of gear. The upper rollers of each pair of draw
rollers are held at the desired distance from the lower rollers by means of
collars regulated by nut screws.
Advantages offered by the transverse roving lapping engine.-Hitherto no
lapping machine has been used for wool, each second or third carding machine
serving to card the products of a single carding machine formed into lap by

page_text: means of a drum or other apparatuses placed in front of the first or second
carding machines, it followed that the last carding machines reproduced the
defects above all the irregularities of the first, and their correction was only
attained by exaggerated care in the management, and by a third carding
where two cardings would have sufficed. For cotton the lapping machines
form the laps with slivers parallel in their entire length, so that the absence
of one sliver or the crossing of one mending or piecing produces a corre-
sponding irregularity in the front of the carding machine. The lapping
machine with transversal rovings renders such defects impossible, because
besides a method of protection which excludes the possibility of the absence
of a sliver the roving presents itself in such a way to the second carding that,
a defective sliver is compensated by the regular products of 23 other cards,
and spread over the width of the second card in such a way as to become
imperceptible, because the lap is composed of a double layer of rovings, into
each of which enters twelve slivers coming from as many different cards.
Besides the perfect regularity of the last carding the filaments of the lap of
the lapping machine with transverse rovings present themselves across the
card, which is of great value in the carding of wool and for that of cotton and
short silk waste which require to be spun by elongation, a method which gives
body to the yarns and renders them in the fabric fit for felting or drawing
into nap.