Improvements applicable to Window Sashes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 17th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 20th Oct., 1894
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements applicable to Window Sashes.
I, WILLIAM NICOL of 55 Albert Road, Crosshill in the County of the City
of Glasgow, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved method or
mode and means of mounting the sliding sash frames of windows, whereby they
can be swivelled on centre vertical axes and turned or reversed for being cleaned
from the inside of the apartments.
Under one arrangement this swivelling of the sash frames, would be effected by
mounting a vertical tube, of round or other section at the centre part of the window
to swivel or turn in bearing sockets in the horizontal fixed frames at bottom of
lower sash and at top or lintel of upper sash. This tube would be fitted in front
of the window on the outside of the apartment on the lower sash frame, and then
enter through guide eyes at the counter checks and pass up the top sash on the
inside of apartment.
In hanging the sliding sashes by wire or other cords or
chains and counterweights, the cords would pass and work up and down through
the tube, and for this purpose, the tube would be slit or open on its surfaces opposite
the glass on sliding sashes. The cord of bottom sash would preferably be attached
at the lower end of Bash and the cord of upper sash at its upper end to snugs or
projections on fixed plates secured to rails of sashes, and which snugs enter the
open slotted parts of tube and slide therein, with the cords working within tube.
The cords would pass over pulleys at the top of the centre of fixed frame of window
either below or above the line of lintel, and then extend out horizontally and pass
over guide pulleys at each side of the top of fixed frame at sides of upper sash,
and be attached to the usual vertical hanging weights. With this arrangement
when the windows are desired to be cleaned, the usual side batten rods would be
swivelled out on hinges or removed, and the sash frames can then be turned by the
centre tube swivelling in its top and bottom sockets so that the window glass may
be cleaned from the inside of the apartment.
By an alternative arrangement instead of attaching the cords to hanging weights;
these weights may be dispensed with, and the top and bottom sash frames be made
to balance each other. With this arrangement only one cord need be used, having
its one end attached to bottom of lower sash, and then pass up tube and over a
pulley in centre of fixed frame at top of window space, and be attached at its other
end to the top part of upper sliding sash, so that when the one sash is raised the
other is correspondingly lowered and thus balances the former. Or the cord may
be made endless and pass over pulleys at top and bottom of fixed frame, and have
a weight or spring attachment.
By another arrangement rack or ratchet teeth may be formed on the vertical
tube, which in this case may be made as a solid rod; and a spring pawl lever or
levers be mounted on sliding sash frames to gear with the rack teeth of rod and hold
the sashes in any desired position either without or with the use of the usual cords
and counterweights.
By an equivalent arrangement instead of having a vertical tube or rod extending
the whole length of window, a short vertical stud spindle may be mounted on or
secured to the centre top part of upper sash; and a corresponding spindle be secured
to the bottoni rail of lower sash, and these spindles slide or work in vertical sockets
in the centre of fixed frame of window, so that when the usual batten rods are
removed these spindles may be made to revolve and carry round the sash frames ;

page_text: and in this case the counterweight or balancing cords would be exposed or covered
in and pass over pulleys at centre top part of window frame as in the previously
described arrangements. By a modified arrangement the lower spindle may be
fixed and the bottom sash have a guide eye boss or socket on its lower rail to
swivel on said spindle, while a centre swivelling stud tube may project vertically
down any desired distance on upper sash.
In this case the hanging cords would be attached to the centre of the top of each
sash frame, and for this purpose a strong eye plate would be mounted over bottom
sash at the countercheck. With this arrangement the top sash may be brought
down any desired distance and the lower sash be raised a corresponding distance,
and the two sashes can be then locked together in this position by a horizontal
pin or lever catch.
To dispense with parting beads and prevent draughts or noise, projecting and
recessed duplex or overlapping plates would be screwed to the side edges of the
sash frames and slide over correspondingly formed plates secured to the side edges
of fixed frame of window; or these side edges of fixed frames may be formed
with grooves or recesses and ribs or projections on the side edges of sash slide or
-work in same, but when the windows are to be swivelled and cleaned, these
projecting ribs can be shifted by hand levers to slide or oscillate within receiving
recesses formed in the side edge frames of sliding sashes.
Or alternatively the projecting ribs may be secured to the fixed frames and enter
recesses in the sash frames.
Dated 18th December 1902
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements applicable to Window Sashes.
I, WILLIAM NICOL, of 55 Albert Road, Crosshill in the County of the City
of Glasgow, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, that is to say :-
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved method or
mode and means of mounting the sliding sash frames of windows whereby they
can be swivelled on centre vertical axes and turned or reversed for being cleaned
from the inside of the apartment, and whereby the. sash frames will be rendered
waterproof at the joint.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended four sheets of explanatory drawings, in which the same reference letters
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 are an elevation and sectional plan view respectively
of a window as fitted in accordance with my improvements.
Figures 3 and 4 are detached detail sectional elevation views corresponding
to Figures 1 and 2 showing the central swivelling tube and arrangement of cord
by which the sash frames are balanced.
Figures 5 and 6 show horizontal sections of round and oval shaped tubes
respectively.
Figure 7 shows a sectional elevation detached of an arrangement of chain pulleys
for guiding the chain at top of window.
Figure 8 is a view of a suitable device for securing a chain to the sash frames,
when that is used instead of the cord shown in Figure 4.
Figures 9, 10, 11 and 11ª show detached sectional views of suitable devices
which may be used for locking or securing the batten rods.

page_text: Figure 12 is an edge sectional view corresponding to Figure 1 showing my
locking or overlapping plates applied to the edges of the sash frames.
Figure 13 is an enlarged elevation of the hook or duplex plate which would be
fitted on fixed frame of window, and within which the plates on sash frames would
slide up and down.
Figure 14 is a detached horizontal section showing the overlapping plates on
sliding sashes and fixed frame respectively, while Figure 15 is a detached elevation
showing the plates of the two sliding sashes.
Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 2 are a front elevation and edge section respectively
of windows, showing an arrangement in which an endless cord and weight are used
to counterbalance the sliding sash frames; while
Figures 18 and 19 are a detached enlarged sectional elevation and inverted plan
view respectively showing the cord guide pulleys at lower central part of fixed
frame of window.
Figures 20 and 21 show an elevation and sectional plan view of a window with
central swivelling tube in which the sash frames are counter-balanced by ordinary
hanging cords and weights.
Figures 22 and 23 are detached sectional elevations showing cord and chain
pulleys as mounted within housings at central top fixed frame of window, and an
arrangement of cord and fittings for lowering and raising the upper sliding sash
frame.
Figures 24, 25, and 26 on Sheet 3 are a front elevation, sectional plan view, and
vertical edge section respectively of a window, in which the lower and upper
sliding sash frames are raised and lowered by rack and pinion balancing
mechanism.
Figure 27 is a detached elevation view showing the central toothed pinion
gearing into the teeth of racks fitted on lower and upper sash frames respectively.
Figure 28 is a similar view showing the toothed pinion as mounted by centres
within a recess formed on centre swivelling vertical rod.
Figure 29 is a horizontal section showing the centre rod as formed of fluted
section instead of square or rectangular section as in Figures 24 to 28.
Figures 30 and 31 are front and edge elevations of a window where the sash
frames are counter-balanced by rack and pinion mechanism, but in which the
centre rod only extends from top of fixed frame to countercheck, and is mounted
in a universal joint at centre of fixed frame, so that both sash frames may be
locked together and swung out on this rod and swivelled on the universal joint.
Figure 32 is a sectional plan view broken away of the window showing the
arrangement of overlapping duplex plates on edges of sliding sashes and fixed
frames respectively.
Figures 33, 34 and 35 on Sheet 4 are a front elevation, sectional plan view,
and edge sectional elevation respectively of a window, showing an arrangement
analogous to that shown in Figures 30 and 31, but in which the sash frames are
balanced by ordinary hanging weights and cords.
Figures 36 and 37 are a front elevation and edge sectional elevation respectively
of a window in which the sash frames are counterbalanced by an arrangement of
cords somewhat analogous to that shown in Figures 3 and 4.
Referring to these drawings:-Under one arrangement as shown in Figures 1
to 9, the swivelling of the sash frames A A' would be effected by mounting a
vertical tube of round section, as shown in Figure 5 or it may be oval as
in Figure 6, or of other convenient shape at the centre part of the window to
swivel or turn in bearing sockets B, B' in the horizontal fixed frames at bottom of
lower sash A and at top or lintel of upper sash A, the tube when made of oval
or polygonal shape having its ends formed of round section as shown in dotted
lines. Figure 6, to turn in the bearings. This tube B would be fitted in front of
the window on the outside of the apartment on the lower sash frame A, and then
enter through guide eyes at the counter checks A² and pass up the top sash A',
on the inside of apartment. In hanging the sliding sashes A, A¹, by wire, or
'

page_text: other cords or chains, the cords a would pass and work up and down through the
tube B, and for this purpose, the tube would be slit or open on its surfaces at B¹
opposite the glass on sliding sashes. In the arrangement shown in Figures 3 and 4
the top and bottom sash franies A, A² are made to balance each other. This is
effected by the use of only one cord a, having its one end attached to a plate a¹
at the bottom of lower sash A. The cord a then passes round a guide snug
a³
and up the tube B, and over a pulley as in centre of fixed frame at top of window
space and past the guide pulleys a', shown in detached view Figure 7, and then
over guide snug a² and finally attached at its other end to the catch plate a' at
top part of upper sliding sash A¹, so that when the one sash is raised the other is
correspondingly lowered and this balances the former. Or, as shown in Figures 16
and 17, the cord a may be made endless and pass over the pulleys a³ * at top
and a a at bottom of fixed frame, and have a weight attachment a³. In this
arrangement the cord a passes round a pulley a³ on top of weight a³, and is
secured to lower sash frame by passing through holes at a* in the plate a
which effectually retains the cord; and it would be secured to the top end of
upper sash in a similar manner. Figures 18 and 19 show a detached section and
an inverted plan view of the lower pulleys at from which it will be seen that a pin all
separates the cord a in passing the pulleys a'. The lower end of central rod B
swivels round a socket holder B³, as seen in Figure 18 while its top end swivels
within a socket. In the arrangement shown in Figures 20 and 21 two eords a are
used, and the cord a of bottom sash A would preferably be attached at the lower
end of sash, and the cord of upper sash A at its upper end to snugs or projections
on fixed plates A³ secured to rails of sashes, and which snugs enter the open slotted
parts B' of tube B and slide therein, with the cords working within tube. When
a chain is used its end would preferably he secured to the sashes by a swivel
coupling like that shown in Figure 8. The cords would pass over pulleys a* a* at
the top of the centre of fixed frame of window either below or above the line of
lintel, and then extend out horizontally and pass over guide pulleys aⓇ at each side
of the top of fixed frame at sides of upper sash A' and be attached to the usual
vertical hanging weights a. With this arrangement when the windows are desired
to be cleaned, the usual side batten rods C would be swivelled out on hinges or
removed, and the sash frames A A¹ can then be turned by the centre tube B
swivelling in its top and bottom sockets so that the window glass may be cleaned
from the inside of the apartment. Figure 9 shows the batten rods C as secured
by a thumb screw C' while Figure 10 shows a thumb screw C¹, as countersunk into
the rod, and Figure 11 shows the thumb screw C₁as formed with an inner turning
and locking catch hook C³. While Figure 11 shows similar views in which a
sliding bolt C' mounted on a swivel joint at C" is used for securing the batten
rods a lever flap C being used for operating said bolt.
Figures 22 and 23 show detached sections of a simple device for raising and
lowering the upper sash frame A. When a chain pulley.D is used, as in Figure 22,
or a rope pulley, as in Figure 23, these are secured in a housing D₁ in the top of
fixed frame of window in line with the centre revolving tube B and the housing
forms the socket for the latter. The ends of a cord D are secured to a ring on a
collar D secured to top of upper sash A' and free to slide on the tube B. This
cord D* is passed over a guide pulley D' and as it is drawn by hand it pulls the
upper sash A¹ up or down as required.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 24 to 28 a central solid rod B is niounted
in sockets B at top and bottom of fixed frame for the sliding sashes A, A', to
turn on. A pinion e is mounted by centre studs e in a recess in this rod B at the
counter-check, as shown in Figures 26 to 28, and toothed rack bars ele, are fitted
on the sliding sash frames A A' to gear with said pinion e on centre rod. By
this means if the top sash A' be pulled down the movement of pinion e gearing
with the racks will move the lower sash A upward, and vice versa.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 30 to 32, the central rod B only extends
from a socket in the fixed frame above top of upper sash A¹, to the top rail of

page_text: lower sash A at counter-check. The pinion e is fitted in a recess in rod B at a
position opposite the centre of upper sash A³, and a rack e' on this sash gears with
it, as also a rack e' secured to and continued up from lower sash A, so that the top
sash A¹ can be lowered a certain distance and the lower sash A correspondingly
raised. The upper end of the rod B is mounted in a ball and socket or universal
swivelling joint in fixed frame ate, so that both sashes can be swung out on the
centre rod B to the position shown in dotted lines in Figure 31, and be turned on
the joint ate to have their reverse surfaces cleaned.
Figures 33 to 354 show an arrangement analogous to Figures 30 to 32 only
instead of rack and pinion mechanism ordinary balance weights are used for the
sliding sashes A, A, the cord of the one for the top sash A being secured at the
top central part of said sash to a plate e shown in detached elevation and plan in
Figure 35 and the cord of the weight which balances lower sash A. is carried
down the centre tube B and secured to top rail of said lower sash. In turning or
swivelling the sash frames within the apartment, the lower sash has to be slightly
raised for the eye b to be lifted a short distance up on the centre pin b¹ and the
sashes can then be swivelled on the centre tube B, which swivels in the universal
joint at eas in Figures 30 and 31.
in
Figures 36 and 37 show an arrangement analogous to that shown
Figures 3 and 4, only the cord which balances the two sashes A, A' is made endless.
and attached to these sashes at a', and passed over the pulleys a³ aª at top and
bottom before entering the central tube B.
To dispense with parting beads and prevent draughts or noise, projecting and
recessed duplex or overlapping plates would be screwed to the side edges of the
sash frames and slide over correspondingly formed plates secured to the side edges.
of fixed frame of window.
This is effected as shown particularly in Figures 12 to 15 and 32, and in most
of the window figures, by fitting a hook or duplex. plate along the vertical
edge of one of the sash frames and a recessed or curved plate f¹ along the adjacent
vertical edge of the other sash frame, and in fitting a corresponding hook or
equivalent shaped plate f' along the whole length of the fixed frame of window
adjacent to and to overlap these and enable them to slide up and down with their
sash frames, and also swivel outwards with said frames when these are swung
within the apartment; and these combined overlapping plates will form a wind
and watertight joint along both vertical edges of the sliding sash frame, and lock
these frames together in their fixed position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The method of mounting the sliding sash frames of windows whereby
they can be carried on a central swivelling tube or rod and reversed within
the apartment, substantially as and in the manner herein described in reference to.
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. In connection with window sashes, the combination and use of a central
swivelling slitted tube through which the counterbalancing cords of the sliding
Bashes are carried and guided, substantially as herein described in reference to and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Third. In connection with window sashes, the combination and use of a central.
tube extending from top of fixed frame to counter-check, substantially as and for
the purposes herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Fourth. In connection with window sashes, the fitting and use of projecting and
recessed duplex or overlapping plates on the sides of the sliding sash frames, and
corresponding duplex cr booked plates on the sides of fixed frame of window,
substantially as and for the purposes herein described in reference to and shown in
the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Fifth. In connection with window sashes the arrangements and combinations of
central tubes or rods and the sash counterbalancing appliances, substantially as
herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 15th September 1894.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.