Improved Apparatus for Generating Elastic Fluid under Pressure available for Performing Work.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Aug., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by THE GAS MOTOREN FABRIK DEUTZ, of
Koéln-Deutz, Germany, Manufacturers.]
Improved Apparatus for Generating Elastic Fluid under Pressure
available for Performing Work.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to this invention elastic fluid under pressure, available for performing
work is generated by effecting the combustion of a combustible liquid or gas with
air within a closed chamber to which steam or water spray is admitted so that the
introduced steam or the steam resulting from the water spray mixes with the hot
combustion gases under pressure, producing a compound elastic fluid under pressure
that is led off from the chamber to the motor engine or other apparatus in which
its elastic pressure is to be utilised.
For this purpose the said closed chamber is provided at one end with an injector
nozzle connected on the one hand with a supply of air under pressure and on the
other hand with a supply of combustible liquid or gas which may or may not be
subject to pressure, so that by the action of the air under pressure the combustible
liquid or gas is drawn through the injector nozzle and mixes and enters into
combustion with the entering air, the mixture being ignited either by means of an
electric spark or by an incandescence body heated either by electricity or by an
external flame, or by the heat produced in the chamber itself by the combustion.
At the other end of the chamber is provided a nozzle for the introduction of either
steam, or of water spray under pressure, which in entering is at once converted
into steam by the heat, such steam being caused to mix with the hot combustion
gases on their way to a discharge opening through which the elastic fluid mixture
passes into a pipe or channel leading it to the motor engine.
By suitably proportioning the supply of steam or water spray to the quantity of
combustion gases produced in a given time, the heat of the latter may be so
reduced by being expended in the production or superheating of the steam, that
the elastic fluid mixture can be allowed to work in a motor engine cylinder without
the necessity for any external cooling of the latter, such as is required with motor
engines of present construction that work with hot combustion gases or hot air
alone; and it will be seen that the temperature of the working fluid can be
accurately regulated by adjustment of the proportion of steam employed.
With the above described means for supplying elastic fluid under pressure, the
speed of the motor engine can be readily regulated by controlling the passage of
the fluid from the generating chamber to the cylinder by a governor or by expansion
gear, the capacity of the generating chamber being made such as to afford a
sufficient store of the fluid under pressure to enable the supply to the motor engine
to be varied while practically maintaining the heat and pressure in the generating
chamber constant, owing to the continuous production of heat by combustion,
independently of the discharge.
The generating chamber which is by preference lined with refractory material,
can be conveniently divided by a partition into two compartments communicating

page_text: with each other through an aperture, the one compartment constituting the
combustion chamber while the other constitutes the mixing chamber.
Dated this 11th day of December 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improved Apparatus for Generating Elastic Fluid under Pressure
available for Performing Work.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
According to this invention elastic fluid under pressure, available for performing
work is generated by effecting the combustion of a combustible liquid or gas with
air within a closed chamber to which steam or water spray is admitted so that the
introduced steam or the steam resulting from the water spray mixes with the hot
combustion gases under pressure, producing a compound elastic fluid under pressure
that is led off from the chamber to the motor engine or other apparatus in which
its elastic pressure is to be utilised.
For this purpose the said closed chamber is provided at one end with an injector
nozzle connected on the one hand with a supply of air under pressure and on the
other hand with a supply of combustible liquid or gas which may or may not be
subject to pressure, so that by the action of the air under pressure the combustible
liquid or gas is drawn through the injector nozzle and mixes and enters into
combustion with the entering air, the mixture being ignited either by means of an
electric spark or by an incandescence body heated either by electricity or by an
external flame, or by the heat produced in the chamber itself by the combustion.
At the other end of the chamber is provided a nozzle for the introduction of either
steain, or of water spray under pressure, which in entering is at once converted into
steam by the heat, such steain being caused to mix with the hot combustion gases
or their way to a discharge opening through which the elastic fluid mixture passes
into a pipe or channel leading it to the motor engine.
The accompanying drawing shews a sectional diagram of an apparatus operating
as above described. A B is the closed chamber which may be partly or wholly
lined with refractory material as shewn and which has at one end an injector C
for the introduction of air and liquid or gaseous fuel, and at the other end a nozzle
or rose F for the introduction of steam or water spray, and a pipe O for conducting
away the elastic working fluid produced. The injector C has a nozzle m through
which issues air supplied from the reservoir G containing air under pressure, and a
nozzle n through which flows combustible liquid supplied from the reservoir H
containing such liquid under pressure. The pressure within this vessel may be
maintained either by connecting it by a pipe J with the air pressure reservoir G, as
shewn, or by any other means, such as by forcing in the liquid by a pump.
The reservoir H may also be subjected only to atmospheric pressure if the air
pressure employed be sufficiently high above that existing in the chamber A as to
cause the liquid to be drawn in to the required extent by the injector action of the
air jet.
The mixture of air and combustible fluid thus injected into the chamber A is
there ignited and maintained in continuous combustion by an electrical igniting
device D, the chamber A being made sufficiently large for this purpose.
The
resulting hot combustion gases pass into the compartment B and mix with the
steam or water spray entering through the nozzle F, if water spray be employed

page_text: this is instantaneously converted into steam by the heat of the gases, while if steam
be employed this becomes superheated to a corresponding extent.
By this means an elastic working fluid is produced composed mainly of carbonic
acid nitrogen and steam, which is led off through a pipe O to a steam engine K or
other motor, such as a steam turbine.
By correctly proportioning the quantity of steam or water spray supplied, the
temperature of the combustion gases can be so reduced that the elastic fluid can work
in an engine cylinder, without requiring this to be cooled, so that the losses of heat
such as are caused in ordinary gas motor and caloric engines by the use of cooling
water and by the heat passing away with the hot escaping gases or air, are
avoided.
By the above described means the elastic working fluid may be readily regulated
so as to work at a higher or lower temperature and by providing either a throttle
valve on the supply pipe O of the engine, or by the use of variable expansion gear
the motor engine can be regulated to give off any desired power, as the continuous
production of the hot working fluid in the chamber A B is independent of any
variation in the quantity of the working fluid taken off in a given time, the
chamber being of a sufficient capacity to afford the necessary store of such
fluid.
The two compartments A B of the generating chamber can be more or less
separated by a partition with an opening as shewn.
The ignition of the entering combustible mixture may be effected either by an
electric spark or by an incandescent body heated either by an external flame, or by
the high temperature of the combustion taking place in the chamber itself.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for producing elastic working fluid under pressure, consisting of a
closed chamber huving at one end an injector nozzle communicating on the one
hand with a reservoir of air under pressure, and on the other hand with a receptacle
for combustible liquid, so that the air. under pressure and combustible liquid in
issuing from the nozzle into the chamber become intimately mixed and are then
made to enter into combustion by means of an igniting device within the chamber,
the resulting hot combustion gases being made on their passage through the
chamber to mix with a jet of steam or water spray introduced at another part of
the chamber, from which the resulting mixture of hot combustion gases and steam
are then led through a discharge pipe to wherever required, substantially as
described.
2. The herein described apparatus for producing an elastic working fluid,
consisting of a closed chamber having two communicating compartments A B, an
injector Centering one of said compartments and provided with the two nozzles m n,
an air pressure reservoir G communicating with one of the injector nozzles, a
reservoir H containing combustible fluid under pressure and communicating with
the other nozzle of the injector, whereby a mixture of air and combustible_fluid
may be supplied to one compartment of the closed chamber, a nozzle F for
introducing steam or water spray into the other compartment of the closed chamber
from an exterior source of supply, to mix with the hot combustible gases, means
for igniting the fluid mixture in the closed chamber, and a discharge pipe for
conducting the resulting elastic working fluid to a motor, substantially as set
forth.
DL: 00-1 d of A1001
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.