AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No 28, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for an invention of "AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING."
-A communication from abroad by Carl Alexander Martius, of Berlin, in
the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1882.
66
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS
FOR DYEING AND PRINTING [A communication from abroad by Carl Alexander
Martius, of Berlin, in the German Empire.]
"
According to the observations of my correspondent Anthrole (C₁ H₂OH) and
the sulfoacids of phenole like substance can be employed in quite a similar way to
the Naphtoles for the production of azocolors.
For that purpose the following diazo compounds are combined one by one with
Anthrole and its sulfoacids.
1, With diazobenzole, diazotoluole, diazoxylole, diazocumole, a and B diazo-
napbtole, diazoanisole.
2, With the sulfoacids of these diazo compounds.
3, With diazoamidoazobenzole, diazoamidoazotoluole, diazoamidoazoxylole.
4, With the mono and disulfoacids of these compounds.
The process is the same as the one now in use for the production of the
azocolors, that is to say, the aqueous solutions of the respective diazocompound
are combined at a low temperature with the alkaline solution of Anthrole or its
sulfoacids.
The colours formed are then precipitated from their solutions by acids or soluable
salts, for instance common salt.
The products derived from combination of Anthrole with the compounds named
under 1 and 3 are almost insoluble in water, whereas those containing a sulfo group
are easily soluble in water.
The coloring matters formed may be dyed just in the same way on silk, wool
and cotton as the well known azocolors.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st August 1882.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No. 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS 5
FOR DYEING AND PRINTING A communication from abroad by Carl Alexander
Martius of Berlin in the German Empire.

page_text: the other coloring matters have also an analogous formula, according to their
formation.
The coloring matters formed are dyed just in the same way on silk, wool and
cotton as the already well known Azocolors.
The following are a few remarks referring to those of the above mentioned
raw materials for Azocolors, which otherwise have not yet been more distinctly
described.
ANTHRACEN-DISULFOACIDS, ANTHROLSULFOACIDS AND α AND B OXYANTHROLE
DIOXYANTHRACEN.
Though treating Anthrole with Sulphuric acid yields sulfoacids of anthrole, the
product obtained in that way is not very suitable for the manufacture of azocolors
on account of its bad qualities caused perhaps by the number or the position of
the sulphuryl groups it contains. But a suitable Anthrolsulfoacid can be obtained
by melting the Anthracen Disulfoacids with potash.
For this purpose those Anthracen Disulfoacids are to be used, which are obtained
by reducing the a and B Anthrachinon Disulfoacids employed in the manufacture
of Alizarine with Zinc dust and ammonia.
The proportions may be varied considerably, it is preferred however to take one
part Anthrachinondisulphato 1 parts Zinc dust and 3 parts Ammonia of 0.95 specific
gravity.
Large quantities react more intensive, so that it is advisable to add to the
mixture of salt and Ammonia the Zinc dust by degrees and in small quantities.
The reaction is completed in a few hours by applying a hot water bath; the
whole mass turns red at first, but discolors again towards finishing.
The a and B Anthracen Disulphate of soda is purified by crystallising it out of
water, in which it is easily soluble.
For decomposing the Anthracen-disulfoacids one part of their salts is heated
together with 3 to 4 parts of caustic potash and fused until a sample taken and
dissolved in water gives an abundant precipitate of whitish flakes by the addition
of an excess of acid. The whole melt after cooling is then treated in a similar
manner and the precipitate filtered.
The precipitate contains an Oxanthranole and an Anthrolmonosulfoacid, no
matter if a or B Anthracensulfo acid was used. Both are separated by repeatedly
boiling the wet precipitate out with water; the Anthrosulfoacid goes in solution,
but on cooling the filtrate it drops out again in the shape of its alkaline
Balt.
Previous to this the Oxyanthrole remained already insoluble in the boiling water
and may be purified by crystallizing it out of Alcohol, by which it is obtained in
11
ARTBROODIDRUKE AND ANTHROLHYDRURSULFOACID.
Anthrolhydrure C₁ H₁ OH is formed by treating a solution of Anthrole in
Alcohol with Sodium Amalgam.
The combination crystallizes after acidulating and partially distilling off the
alcohol in small needles, melting point 132° Cent.
The Anthrolhydrure seems to give under the same conditions a somewhat more
reddish color than the Anthrole. Anthrolhydrure treated with sulphuric acid
does not get so tarry as the Anthrole. Slightly warm sulphuric acid, or placing
it over fuming sulphuric acid converts it into sulfoacid, which may be separated
from the free sulphuric acid by neutralizing it carefully with chalk, an excess of
chalk has however to be avoided, as the salt of lime of the Anthrolhydrursulfoacid
is not easily soluble.

page_text: ANTHRAMINHYDRURE, ANTHRAMINSULFOACID AND ANTHRAMINHYDRURSULFOACID.
Anthramine transforms itself into its Hydrure already when boiled with dilute
hydrochloric acid and zinc. The operation is completed, when Ammonia
precipitates a white base instead of yellow Anthramine Anthraminhydrure was
produced, in order to use its sulfoacid instead of that of Anthraminsulfoacid, by
the production of which a rather considerable quantity of useless products are
obtained.
However Anthraminesulfoacid and Anthraminehydruresulfo acid are produced
exactly in the same manner as already mentioned above with reference to Anthrole-
bydrursulfoacid.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim :-
First. The production of red and brown Azo colors by combining Anthrole or
Anthrosulfoacid with any one of the following Diazocompounds
1. Diazobenzole, Diazotoluole, Diazoxylole, Diazocumole, a and ẞ Diazonaphthole,
Diazoanisole
2. The Sulfoacids of these Diazocompounds
3. Diazoamidoazobenzole, Diazoamidoazotoluole, Diazoamidoazoxylole.
4. The Mono-and Disulfoacids of these Diazocompounds.
Second. The use, for dyeing and printing, of coloring matters produced by the
combination of Anthrole or Anthrole sulfoacids with any one of the substances
referred to in the preceding claim.
In witness whereof I the said Charles Denton Abel have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirty first day of August in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
CAB n A DET