IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTION AND VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Procter Burgh, of No. 80, Cornhill, in the City
of London, Consulting Engineeer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOTION AND VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicholas Procter Burgh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1879.
NICHOLAS PROCTER BURGH, of No. 80, Cornhill, in the City of London, Consulting
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTION AND VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER
ENGINES."
The object of my Invention, and in what my said Invention consists, will be
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
I. It consists, firstly, in an improved arrangement of cylinders or trunks and
piston by which I accomplish the using of the steam two or more times over during
one or more revolutions of the crank pin or crank pins. The arrangement of the
internal portion of an engine constructed according to my said Invention is as
follows: The high pressure cylinder is formed by an annular space made by
internal and external cylinders cast with or bolted on to a box frame that forms
the main framing to support the cranked shaft. The piston is cast or formed with
a closed trunk, attached to one end of which is the connecting rod. The open end
of the outer cylinder is fitted with a capped cover that encloses the piston trunk
when it is in motion. The annular space is for the use of the initial steam, which
can be used expansively therein or not, while also the area of the larger cylinder
circle is fully acted on by the initial steam from the annular space. The working
of the steam is in this manner :-The initial steam from the boiler enters the
annular space and impels the piston back wards or upwards, as the case may be.
When the steam is cut off the quantity in the annular space expands and drives
the piston to the end of its stroke; then the expanded volume of the steam acts on
the total area of the circle of the larger cylinder, and therefore drives the piston
back again by a continuous expansion to the end of its stroke, or, in other words,
only one volume of steam is used for two strokes of the piston, which equal one
revolution of the crank pin. The valve is cylindrical, perfectly equibrium, and
contains a communicating passage for the steam to pass from one end of the cylinder

page_text: to the other. The valve also is formed with the requisite steam ports, laps, and
bars, and performs the functions of two valves by one motion instead of two
separate ones.
II. The valve is also.fitted with a tube passing through it from end to end, so as
to allow the steam to operate against each end of the valve equally, by which
means a perfect non-resistance of the steam is ensured.
III. The resistance of the thrust of the connecting rod is attained by guide
surfaces on on the fixed trunk, and also on the cylinder cap.
The guide block contains the securing bolts to adjust the pin brasses, and the
nuts are adjusted from a door on the box frame.
IV. The guide block is also formed with a cavity between the bolts for the
lubricant required for the connecting rod pin, and a communication to the crank
pin can also be effected from the same source by the ordinary lip wiper and oil
wick.
V. The box-frame hereinbefore alluded to can be constructed so as to form a
surface condenser on each side of the motion of the crank-pin, or, if preferred, at
one or both ends of the crank shaft.
VI. These engines being compound acting on one crank pin can be separately
constructed and bolted together in as many duplicates as may be deemed requisite,
say, for example, two, three, or four sets, while at the same time the steam can be
used independently for each engine, or it may be passed from one to the other, and
in this manner used expansively throughout.
.
VII. In order to obviate the necessity for using a fly-wheel I employ a valve to
govern the steam, which valve partakes of the motion or action of the escapeinent
of a clock. The face of the valve is curvular and the centre of the spindle is the
centre of the radius. The section of the valve is with a central exhaust port, on
each side of which are the two main bars, and beyond them are the supply steam
ports, outside of which are two more bars which may or may not be used.
VIII. In another form of my valve that I may use the bars on each side of the
exhaust port only are required, and they work in curved grooves formed by curved
bars passing from each end of the valve casing.
The result obtained by the two arrangements just hereinabove described (sections
VII. and VIII.) is that the steam is governed by the valve, and the steam also
actuates the valve when giving lead for the piston. The mechanical motion
imparted to the valve is as follows:-A disc or crank-pin or eccentric is connected
by a rod to a lever secured on the valve spindle. The rotary motion for the pin is
obtained by connection with the piston rod or plunger of the engine or pump, as
the case may be.
IX. The plunger or piston rod is fitted midway of the stroke with an arm
secured by a nut or any other convenient means. This arm extends downwards to
a suitable distance in relation to the lower half of the diameter of the cylinder.
Attached to this lower end is a connecting rod united or joined at the other end
with a crank-pin, the shaft of which passes through on each side below the cylinder,
and keyed or secured on the shaft are discs at each end. One of these discs imparts
motion to the valve, obviously then when the lead is given by the valve, the valve
motion pin being nearly in a line with the crank-pin opposite to the same, and, as
explained herein before, the steam tending to actuate the valve assists the motion of
the crank-pin, before and after, on and while on the "dead centre" without any
fly wheel.
✗. In cases where it is preferred that the whole of the gear shall be perfectly
accessible the motion arm is secured on each side of the piston rod or plunger, and
projects down on each side of the framing, and the arms are connected to the discs
by rods of equal dimensions. The valve spindle lever is then connected to a return
bar formed with the relative disc pin. A single bar may also be used guided at the
side of the framing attached to one disc only.
XI. For starting the piston independently of the valve gear the piston rod or
plunger is fitted centrally of its stroke with a lever that is secured on a shaft at

page_text: any required distance below or beyond. This lever is also grooved at the upper
end to allow for the curve of vibration. Secured on the shaft below or beyond the
framing is a much shorter lever that is connected by a rod to the disc pin herein-
before alluded to and explained. The rod is formed at the end with a parallel
groove of sufficient length that the piston can be actuated by the steam forwards
and backwards and independently of the valve gear, while also this rod is released
from the disc pin by a sliding key that is moved up and down by a lever and
handle, the handle being pressed by a spring to keep the key in position when
needed.
XII. It will be obvious from the foregoing description that my improvements or
portions of them are applicable not only to componnd but to every other description
of engines, and of especial value for steam pumping engines. The exact details
may be somewhat varied in some instances whilst the main features of the Invention
are retained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Nicholas Procter Burgh in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
October 1879.
NICHOLAS PROCTER BURGH, of No. 80, Cornhill, in the City of London, Consulting
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTION AND VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER
ENGINES."
The object of my Invention, and in what my said Invention consists, will be
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
I. It consists, firstly, of an arrangement of cylinders or trunks and piston, by
which I accomplish the using of the steam two or more times over during one or
more revolutions of the crank pin or crank pins. The arrangement of the internal
portion of an engine constructed according to my said Invention is as follows:-
The high pressure cylinder is formed by an annular space made by internal and
external cylinders cast with or bolted on to a box frame that forms the main
fraining to support the cranked shaft. The piston is cast or formed with a closed
trunk, attached to the end of which is the connecting rod. The open end of the
outer cylinder is fitted with a capped cover that encloses the piston trunk when it
is in motion. The annular space is for the use of the initial steam, which can be
used expansively therein or not, while also the area of the larger cylinder circle is
fully acted on by the initial steam from the annular space. The working of the
steam therefore is in this manner:-The initial steam from the boiler enters the
annular space, and impels the piston backwards or upwards, as the case may be.
When the steam is cut off, the quantity in the annular space expands and drives
the piston to the end of the stroke, then the expanded volume of the steam acts on
the total area of the circle of the larger cylinder, and therefore drives the piston
back again by a continuous expansion to the end of its stroke, or in other words,
only one volume of steam is used for the two strokes of the piston, which equal one
revolution of the crank pin. The valve is cylindrical, perfectly equilibrium, and
contains a communicating passage for the steam to pass from one end of the cylinder
to the other. The valve also is formed with the requisite steam ports, laps, and
bars, and performs the functions of two valves by one motion instead of two separate
ones.
II. The valve also is fitted with a tube passing through it from end to end, so as
to allow the initial steam to operate against each end of the valve equally, by which
means a perfect non-resistance of the steam is ensured.
III. The resistance of the thrust of the connecting rod is attained by guide
surfaces on the fixed trunk, and also on the cylinder cap. The guide block contains
the securing bolts to adjust the pin brasses, and the nuts are adjusted from a door
on the box frame.
IV. The guide block is also formed with a cavity between the bolts for the
lubricant required for the connecting rod pin, and a communication to the crank
pin can also be effected from the same source by the ordinary lip wiper and oil
wick.
V. The box frame hereinbefore alluded to can be so constructed as to form a
surface condenser on each side of the motion of the crauk pin. Or, if preferred, at
each or one end of the crank shaft.
VI. These engines being compound, acting on one crank, can be separately con-
structed and bolted together in as many duplicates as may be deemed requisite, sny,
for example, two, three, or four sets, while at the same time the steam can be used
independently for each engine, or it may be passed from one to the other, and in
this inanner used expansively throughout.
VII. In order to obviate the necessity for using a fly-wheel, I employ a valve to
govern the steam, which valve partakes of the motion or action of the escapement
of a clock. The face of the valve is curvular, and the centre of the spindle is the

page_text: centre of the radius. The section of the valve is with a central exhaust port, on
each side of which are the two main bars, and beyond them are the supply steam
ports, outside of which are two more bars, which may or may not be used.
VIII. In another form of my valve I may use, the bars on each side of the
exhaust port only are required, and they work in curved grooves formed by curved
bars passing from each end of the valve casing. The result obtained by the
arrangements just herein above described is, that the steam is governed by the
valve, and the steam also actuates the valve when giving lead for the piston. The
mechanical motion imparted to the valve is as follows:-A disc, or crank pin, or
eccentric is connected by a rod to a lever secured on the valve spindle. The rotary
motion for the pin is obtained by connection with the piston rod or plunger of the
engine or pump, as the case may be.
IX. The plunger or piston rod is fitted midway of the stroke, with an arm
secured by a nut or any other convenient means. This arm extends downwards to
a suitable distance relative to the lower half of the diameter of the cylinder.
Attached to this lower end is a connecting rod united or joined at the other end to
a crank pin, the shaft of which passes through on each side below the cylinder, and
keyed or secured on the shaft are discs at each end. One of these discs imparts
motion to the valve, and the other is fitted with a projecting handle for starting.
Obviously, then, when the ilead is given by the valve, the valve motion being
nearly in a line with the crank pin opposite to the same, and as explained hercin-
before, the steam tending to actuate the valve assists the motion of the crank pin
before and after, on, and while on the "dead centre," without any fly wheel.
X. In cases where it is preferred that the whole of the gear shall be perfectly
accessible, the motion arm is secured on each side of the piston rod or plunger, and
projects down on each side of the framing, and the arms are connected to the discs
by rods of equal dimensions. The valve spindle lever is then connected by a return
bar formed with the relative disc pin. A single bar inay be used, guided at the
side of the framing, attached to one disc only.
XI. For starting the piston independently of the valve gear, the piston rod or
plunger is fitted, centrally of its stroke, with a lever that is secured on a shaft at
any required distance below or beyond. This lever is also grooved at the upper end-
to allow for. the curve of vibration. Secured on the shaft below beyond the framing
is a much shorter lever that is connected by a rod to the disc pin, herein before
alluded to and explained. The rod is formed at this end with a parallel groove of
sufficient length that the piston can be actuated by the steam backwards and for-
wards, and independently of the valve gear, while also this rod is released from the
disc pin by a sliding key that is moved up and down by a lever and handle, the
handle being pressed by a spring to keep the lever in position when needed.
XII. It will be obvious from the foregoing description that my improvements, or
portions thereof, are applicable not only to compound but also to every other descrip-
tion of engines, and of especial value for steam pumping engines. The exact details
may in some instances be somewhat varied, whilst the main features of the improve-
ments are retained.
In order that the nature of my said Invention and the manner in which the same
is to be carried into practical effect may be particularly described and ascertained,
this Specification is accompanied by two Sheets of Drawings, numbered I. and II.,
and having figures and letters of reference marked therupon, the like letter being
used as far as practicable to denote a similar or corresponding part in each Figure."
XIII. Figure 1 in the Drawings is a sectional elevation of a single compound
engine constructed according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a transverse sectional
elevation of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an end complete elevation of Figure 1; and
Figure 4 is a sectional plan of the same, the line of section being taken to show the
valve gear and cranks only. It will be seen by reference to these four Figures that
the cylinder A is cast with the box frame B below, or they may instead be made
separate and bolted together. A is also fitted with a trunk cover C. The piston D

page_text: is fitted with a trunk E, attached at the top of which is a guide block F in connec-
tion with the connecting rod G that imparts motion to the crank shaft H. Upon H
are keyed the eccentrics I, I, that are connected to the link motion J. The sliding
block K in the link is connected by a lever L keyed on a weigh shaft M supported
by brackets N, N. Upon the weigh shaft M is keyed the starting lever O, which is
fitted with the ordinary adjusting rod P. The slide valve Q receives its motion by
the rod R that is in connection with the lever S, which lever also is keyed on the
weigh shaft M. The means for adjusting the bearings of the crank shaft H is
shown in Figures 2 and 3. The method of guiding the guide block F is shown in
Figure 1, where it will be seen that not only has the guide block bearing surfaces
on each side within the trunk T, but also the piston trunk E has bearing surfaces
on each side of the trunk cover C, by which arrangement the thrust of the con-
necting rod is properly resisted so as not to affect the correct and accurate working
of the position D. The guido block connecting rod pin U may be fitted as shown,
but for large engines it is preferred to have a nut at each end, or instead thereof
the ordinary round head and washer. To obtain access to the crank pin end of the
connecting rod G, the door V, as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4, is provided. By its
removal the connecting rod G and the guide block F can be adjusted as may be
required. The valve casing W is shown in Figure 1 as cast with the cylinder A,
but they can be made separate and bolted together if preferred. The supply steam
enters the opening X. It will be observed that in this form of engine the initial
steam enters at X, and exhausts through the pipe Y. The cylinder trunk cover C
is shown fitted with a cap, which may or may not be introduced. In large engines
and where the steam must be used expansively in a high degree the slide valve Q
can be fitted with an internal expansion valve, cylindrical in construction, and con-
tained in the front or bottom part of the main valve that is formed with separate
ports or openings corresponding with those in the expansion valve.
XIV. Figure 5 is an end elevation of two engines duplicates in size, form, and
details, and shows the practicability of constructing with one set of patterns only;
Figure 6 illustrates the same advantage for a three cylinder compound engine.
XV. Figures 7 and 8 are respectively a sectional and end elevation of a hori-
zontal engine as arranged with a valve casing W at the side or at right angles
with the crank shaft H, but in a line with it instead of above, as shown in Figures
1, 3, 5, and 6.
XVI. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the application of what is commonly known as
a starting valve with compound engines, Figure 9 being an end elevation and
Figure 10 a plan. It will be seen that the cylinder cover trunk C is connected
with the valve casing W by a pipe and two way cock, but with larger engines a
cylindrical or flat starting valve would be used. The object of the starting valve is
that when the cranks are in such position that the initial steam cannot impart
motion to the piston or pistons in the direction required, steam can be admitted to
the low pressure side of the piston D, and can operate on the whole of the area of
the circle of the cylinder A, when on the engine starting the valve can be closed and
the slide valve Q admits the initial steam into the annular space formed by the
cylinder A and trunk T, which annular space constitutes in this Invention the high
pressure cylinder.
XVII. Figure 11 is a section drawn to an enlarged scale of parts of the piston H,
the cylinder A, and trunk T; Figure 12 shows two sectional plans of the same
details, together with a section of the guiding surfaces of the piston trunk E, in
connection with the cylinder trunk cover C, hereinbefore already referred to and
explained. In each of the sections is shown the internal and external piston-rings,
which are kept up to the surfaces of trunk T and the cylinder K by a series of
elliptical springs, which springs are compressed sufficiently by a set of studs, each of
which studs is between each pair of springs.
XVIII. Figure 13 shows a sectional elevation of an arrangement of tubes for
lubricating the guide block (F), pin of the connecting rod G, and the internal tube

page_text: of this arrangement can (by the removal of the outer tube) be used for giving
motion to the indicator gear when indicator diagrams are required to be taken. In
other cases the cap on the top of the cylinder trunk cover C, as shown in Figures 1
and 2, can be removed, a stuffing box secured in its place, and a rod passing through
and secured into the guide block F, to give motion to the indicator gear in the place
of the tube. If preferred, it can be arranged that motion be taken from the lever
end of the guide block F, and the door V removed. This of course will only apply
to engines of larger size than those used for yachts and launches.
XIX. Figure 14 is a side elevation, and Figure 15 an end elevation of an arrange-
ment of expansion gear. It will be seen that the curved link I contains a sliding
block 2. The sliding block 2 is provided with a nut 3, which works forwards and
backwards in a channel formed in the block 2. Passing through the nut 3 is a
screwed rod 4, supported at each end of the curved link 1. It will be apparent
that by turning the screwed 4 the block 2 slides up or down in the curved
link 1, motion being given to the link by an eccentric. But, if preferred, the
screwed rod 4, instead of being at the side of the link 1, can pass through the centre
of its width and the nut 3 contained in block 2. The curved link 1 is suspended
by the pin 5. Figure 16 is an end view of Figures 14 and 15, and illustrates the
relative position of the eccentric rod 6 to the pin 5.
XX. Figure 17 is a front elevation of a pair of compound engines according to
my Invention, where it is required to use the steam four times over, that is to say,
the initial steam, after operating in the annular space already herein before alluded
to, next passes through the body of the valve, and then operates on the whole area
of the circle of the cylinder. The steam then, instead of exhausting into the
atmosphere or condenser, passes through the pipe 7 into the valve casing of the
other engine, and there performs its functions precisely as in the first engine. It
thence escapes through the exhaust pipe Y into the atmosphere or condenser.
XXI. Figure 18 is a front elevation of an arrangement of three compound engines
of different sizes, but as in Figure 17 all of the pistons are of the same stroke in
relation to each other. The operation of the steam in this triple arrangement of
engines will be that the initial steam will enter the smallest engine (the supply.
being cut off from the boiler after sufficient has been given), and on leaving the
smallest, will expand from engine to engine until the full journey is completed to
the last exhaust pipe Y of the largest engine. It will therefore be understood that
in this case the steam operates six times over, and that by the adoption of this plan.
a great economy of steam will result, and it is recommended that herewith steam of
very high pressure, say, from two hundred pounds to three hundred pounds per
square inch shall be used.
XXII. Figures 19 and 20 are two sections of the lower part of a form of guide
block that contains the oil for lubricating the pin by having formed within it, the
guide block, a cavity for that purpose. The introduction of the oil into the said
cavity may be effected by the use of a syringe, oil can, or by other suitable means.
The lower part of the block can also be fitted with a small spring valve, which can
be opened by the spout or mouth of the syringe or oil can for vertical engines, but
for horizontal engines the oil could be inserted on the top of the guido block at the
outer end.
XXIII. Figure 21 represents the section of an ordinary launch or barge fitted
with one of my single cylinder compound engines, in connection with a surface
condenser secured at the side of the box frame of the engine to the floor of the
hull. It will be observed that both engine and condenser are brought down lower
than is possible with any other vertical compound engine yet known.
XXIV. Figure 22 is the transverse section of my cylindrical valve and seating.
The valve itself I term an escapement valve, on account of its section being similar
to the escapement of the clock, and the movement being the same. The valve in
the Figure is shown at half stroke, and no steam is supposed to be either in admis-
sion or in the act of exhausting. Figure 23 represents the valve in a position to
admit steam for lead. It will be understood therefore that the incoming steam

page_text: entering the steam port presses against the side (say the first side) of the valve, and
on account of the steam's velocity, causes the valve to tilt over, and although the
area of the valve on the opposite side, say the second side, is the same as that which
the steam in motion is acting upon, yet on account of the steam being quiescent or
not in motion at the second side, the resistance is not equal to the force of the
pressure on the side where the steam is in motion. It will therefore be understood
that the principle on which this valve is designed and constructed is "that steam in
motion acting against any surface that can be moved will, by the steam's momentum,
give more force than if the surface remained stationary."
XXV. Figure 24 is a longitudinal section of the valve and seating showing that
the valve is closed at both ends and that the steam enters centrically of its length.
Figure 25 illustrates a section of the valve a and two side bars b, b, also the
seating c, c, and the casing d, d. The valve a is shown at half stroke. When the
valve begins to move in either direction the edge of one side enters the cavity
formed by the bar b and the other side leaves the corresponding cavity; the result
is that the side of the valve covered by the bar b cannot be acted on by the steam,
and therefore the valve surface at that side is less than that on the other. The
steam therefore that is entering the cylinder acts on a larger valve surface on that
side than on the other, from which cause the valve is actuated or tilted by the
steam. It is therefore obvious that to a certain extent thereby the valve will be
caused to have a vibratory motion. Figure 26 is a sectional plan of Figure 25, and
requires no explanation further than that as the valve rod J passes through the
valve and is supported at each end in the casing the valve is perfectly equilibrum.
It may be added that the bars b, b, are shown cast with the cover, but this is
not imperative, as they may instead be cast with or secured on to the seating c,
or, in the absence of the seating, to the casing d.
XXVI. The application of the valve, Figure 22, is shown by Figures 27 and 28.
Figure 27 is a sectional elevation of a vertical pumping engine, the special feature
of which is that it is applicable for pumping purposes generally. The plunger e is
fitted midway of the stroke between the glands ff, with an arm g secured with a
nut on the upper or front side. This arm y extends down a considerable distanco in
relation to the radius of the cylinder. Attached to the lower end of this arm g is a
connecting rod h secured at its other end to a crank pin, the shaft i of which passes
through and works on bearings on either side below or behind the cylinder. The
situation of the valve in relation to the crank is at the opposite side, or front, or top,
as the position of the pump may be. The valve rodj projects through one end of
the casing and is there fitted with a gland and packing. Beyond this is keyed on
the rod a lever k connected to a pin 7 secured on a small disc m keyed on a co-
responding end of the crank shaft i, and on the opposite end is secured a similar
disc provided with a starting handle. Obviously then, as hereinbefore explained,
when the lead is given by the valve, the valve motion pin being nearly in a line
with the crank pin, opposite to the same and as explained before, the steam tending
to actuate the valve assists the motion of the crank pin before and after, on, and
while on the dead centre without any fly wheel Figure 29 shows a sectional
plan of the pump and frame below the cylinder.
XXVII. In cases where it is essential that the whole of the working gear shall
be outside the framing of the engine so as to be adjustable or renewable without
interfering with any other part the arrangement as illustrated in Figures 31, 32, 33,
and 34 is proposed. It will be thereby seen that there are two arms g, g, that are
secured on each side of the plunger e and connected by rods h, h, to discs m, m. Tho
discs m, m, are secured on a plain shaft n. The valve spindle k in this case receives
its motion from a small return crank o that is formed with the disc pin l. Another
advantage of this arrangement besides that already explained, the accessibility of
parts, is that the crank shaft is entirely dispensed with. Figure 31 is a sec-
tional elevation showing the valve and a portion of the cylinder in section, and also
the pump and valves. Figure 32 is a transverse section through the cylinder and
valve showing also the connection of the valve gear, as hereinbefore explained.

page_text: Figure 33 is a sectional plan through the framing of the engine. Figure 34 is
a transverse section showing the arms g, g, and the form of the framing at that
part.
XXVIII. Should it be preferred to use the steam over again in the same cylinder
the valve I use is illustrated by Figures 35, 30, and 37. Figure 35 is a sectional
elevation of this valve; Figure 36, a transverse section; and Figure 37, an inverted
plan of the same. The application of this valve is shown in Figure 38, where it
will be seen in sectional elevation. Figure 39 is a side elevation showing in dotted
lines the arm g, and also in dotted lines the connecting rod h. In these Figures the
arrangement of the connecting rod and crank shaft is the same as in Figures 27, 28,
and 29.
XXIX. The valve gear is shown in Figures 38, 39, and 40. The arrangement is
as follows: A pin is keyed on the disc m and connected by a rod p to a lever q
keyed on a small weigh shaft supported in a bracket fastened on the framing, as
shown in Figures 38 and 39. Upon this small weigh shaft is a second lever con-
nected to the valve rod k, and shown in Figures 39 and 40. It will be obvious then
that on the disc m revolving a corresponding sliding motion will be imparted to the
valve. The action of the steam in the cylinder of the engine is as follows :--The
initial steam operating in the annular space s formed by the plunger e on being cut
off from the boiler by the valve expands, if expansion be therein admissible, in the
annular spaces and then exhausts through the body of the valve into the upper
part of the cylinder t, operating therein on the whole of the area of the circle, and
finally exhausts into the atmosphere or condenser.
XXX. When a pumping arrangement is required to be horizontal-stopped,
started, and reversed as an ordinary engine, the arrangement shown in Figures 41,
42, 43, and 44 is adopted. Figure 41 is a sectional elevation showing the stea:n
and pump valves, also the plunger e; Figure 42 is a complete plan of Figure 41;
Figure 43 is a transverse section through the plunger and motion lever u.
The arrangement of motion and valve gear in these Figures is as follows:-The
discs m, m, are applied as before, and motion is imparted to them from a small lever
keyed on the weigh shaft of the motion lever u, which small lever noves uniformly
with the lever u, the travel being in proportion to the difference in the lengths of
the two levers. The connection of the steam valve rod to the disc is the same as
herein before explained, and illustrated by Figures 27 and 28. The starting gear is
the ordinary loop rod with a spring lever handle and stop key, but any other
method equally effective may be adopted.
XXXI. Figures 45 and 46 are two elevations of an arrangement of pumping
engine of large size; say, of a stroke of piston of six feet. It will be noticed that
in this arrangement the ordinary piston rods are introduced and the plunger dis-
pensed with, both the engine and pump being double acting. The starting gear
and the connection with the valve rod are the same as in Figures 41, 42, and 43.
The valve motion is shown by Figures 45 and 46, and consists of a slotted cross-
head that is connected to the two piston rods. There are two motion levers u, u,
connected to the sliding block pin on each side of the cross head. The lower ends
of these levers u, u, are keyed on to a short weigh shaft, on the end of which is
keyed a shorter lever, connected by the looped starting rod to the pin on the
disc m.
XXXII. The application of the looped rod and spring lever handle is illustrated
to a larger scale by Figures 47 and 48. Figure 47 shows the rod in gear, that is,
the key vis shown as pressing on the disc pin and the set stud w securing the key v
in position; in Figure 48 the set stud w is supposed to have released the key v,
which by the spring-handle is raised and the rod released thereby from the disc pin,
so that no motion can be imparted by the motion levers u, u, to the disc m, the
result being that the disc m can be worked by hand and independent motion
imparted to the steam valve. In this manner the engine can be stopped, started,
or reversed when the pistons are in any position. This application of starting gear
it will be seen is identical for small or large engines, as illustrated by Figures 41,

page_text: 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, and 48, and should it be preferred to use a compound engine
the arrangement shown by Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Sheet No. 1 can be adopted as
far as the arrangement of the cylinder and valve in connection with the valve gear,
as shown by Figures 38, 39, and 40.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is carried into effect, I wish it to be
distinctly understood that what I claim and desire to secure by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The construction of equilibrium valves and gear, as described in
Section II., and shown in Figures 1, 35, 36, 37.
Secondly. The arrangements for guiding the piston during its motion; the
method of resisting the thrust of the connecting rod during its motion, and the
means of adjusting the guide block, all as described in Sections III. and XIII., and
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
Thirdly. The lubricating arrangement in guide block, as described in Sections IV.
and XXII., and shown in Figures 19 and 20.
Fourthly. The arrangement of vibrating steam valves, as described in Sections
VII.; XXIV., XXV., and XVI., and illustrated in Figures 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26.
Fifthly. The arrangement of valve gear, as described in Section VIII., XXV., and
shown in Figures 25 and 26.
Sixthly. Actuating the crank or disc pin by the motion of the valve, as described
in Sections X. and XXVI., and shown in Figures 27, 28, and generally on the
Figures in Sheet II.
Seventhly. The arrangement of discs and motion arms, as described in Section X.,
and shown generally on the Figures of Sheet II.
Eighthly. The arrangement of motion of starting gear, as described in Sections
XI., XXX, XXXI., and XXXII., and illustrated in Figures 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, and 48.
Ninthly. The application of starting valve with the engines, described in
Sections XVI., and illustrated by Figures 9 and 10.
Tenthly. The arrangement of piston springs and studs to ensure steam tight
motion, as described in Section XVII., and shown in Figures 11 and 12.
Eleventhly. The arrangements of expansion valve gear, as described in
Section XIX., and illustrated in Figures 14, 15, 16, 38, 39, 40.
Lastly. I claim the general arrangements of motion and valve gear, and the
application of the same in the manner herein in this Specification described, and in
the accompanying Drawings, Sheets I. and II., illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Procter Burgh, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
N. P. BURGH. (L.S.)