A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR MOVING PANORAMAS, ADVERTISEMENTS, OR OTHER THINGS REQUIRED TO BE EXHIBITED
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's
Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR MOVING
PANORAMAS, ADVERTISEMENTS, OR OTHER THINGS REQUIRED TO BE EXHIBITED."
-A communication from abroad by Louis Finger, of Cambridge,
Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
-
Sealed the 15th November 1870, and dated the 31st May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bristow Hunt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1870.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR MOVING
PANORAMAS, ADVERTISEMENTS, OR OTHER THINGS REQUIRED TO BE EXHIBITED,” (a
communication to me from abroad by Louis Finger, of Cambridge,
Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States), to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a method whereby a band
of panoramas, advertisements, or other things required to be exhibited,

page_text: can be kept steadily in motion or caused to move in one direction for
a certain space of time, and then to reverse such motion for an equal
space of time, or be caused to move and remain stationary alternately;
and the Invention consists in applying an electro-motor to a pair of
revolving drums which are operated by worm screws on the shaft of
the motor, and provided with clutch devices which are attached to a
pivotted lever between two electro-magnets, the said lever being provided
with armatures which are attracted by each magnet alternately in such
manner as to throw the drums in and out of gear with the screws.
The motor consists of a series of soft iron rods of any suitable number
arranged in a circular manner, and parallel with each other in suitable
supports and provided with helices and having projecting ends of such
area as to leave spaces between the said ends of exactly their own
width. It also consists of two other pairs of similar rods, one pair at
each end of the first mentioned rods mounted on a shaft, and which
also have projecting ends corresponding to those of the first mentioned
rods, and are so arranged with relation to the same that when two of
the ends of the last mentioned rods cover two of the ends of the first
mentioned rods, the remaining last mentioned rods will cover spaces
between two other of the first mentioned rods. The whole are suitably
attached to the poles of a battery, while by means of commutators or
current changers located on the shaft the ends of the first and last
mentioned rods are made to alternately attract each other, and loose
the attractions in such a manner as to cause the shaft to revolve rapidly
and impart motion as desired. The ends of the rods may be round or
of a truncated form. The shaft is provided with screws one near each
end, which screws mesh with double bevil pinions on two horizontal
shafts provided with drums. These latter are provided with longitudinal
depressions or concavities. Rollers are provided which are journalled
in the arms of two other horizontal shafts and which bear upon the
periphery of the drums. The said rollers or rods are nearly of the same
length as the drums. Arms are pivotted at one end to these shafts and
to their other ends are pivotted other rods. The arms are supported by
springs. A commutator is provided, which consists of a flat strip of
conducting metal pivotted at the centre and provided at each end with
insulating pieces. The commutator is also provided with a transverse
strip, the ends of which project on each side and have holes through
which the ends of last mentioned rods pass. Both rods have nuts which

page_text: bear upward on the lower side of the transverse strip. Sliding collars
are placed on the drum shafts opposite the double bevil pinions to which
collars are attached rods running through the drums, and which engage
with the teeth of clutches on the pinions. A lever is provided pivotted
at its centre to standards and bifurcated at the ends, which bifurcations
clasp the sliding collars. Electro-magnets are placed or situated above
and below the standards and at an equal distance from the same, and on
the pivotted lever are placed armatures which are opposite the magnets.
There are curved strips of conducting metal attached to two bolts, which
have their outer ends resting on the ends of the commutator, being caused
to bear against the same by spiral springs. A wire is attached to a plate
under the commutator, and is connected to one pole of the battery,
another wire connects the magnets, and it is also attached to a third
wire which is in connection with the opposite pole of the battery, a
fourth wire connects one of the magnets with one of the curved strips,
and a fifth wire connects the other magnet with the other strip. A disc
(of rubber or other insulating material having a segment of conducting
material upon its periphery and which is in contact with a strip kept
in its place by a spring,) is suitably connected with an eight day or other
clock mechanism, and is connected with the battery by a wire, and with
the motor by another wire. The whole is enclosed is a suitable case
to or near the front of which are attached rollers for the panorama
or other article to be attached to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Bristow Hunt in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BRISTOW
HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Bristow Hunt, Her special licence that
I, the said Bristow Hunt, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: or such others as I, the said Bristow Hunt, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel &
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR MOVING PANORAMAS, ADVERTISEMENTS, OR OTHER THINGS
REQUIRED TO BE EXHIBITED," (a communication to me from abroad by
Louis Finger, of Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United
States) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Bristow 1
Hunt, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and ]
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bristow Hunt, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the 2
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a method whereby a band
of panoramas, advertisements, or other things required to be exhibited,
can be kept steadily in motion, or caused to move in one direction for
a certain space of time, and then to reverse such motion for an equal 2
space of time, or be caused to move and remain stationary alternately,
and the Invention consists in applying an electro-motor to a pair of
revolving drums, which are operated by worm screws on the shaft of
the motor and provided with clutch devices, which are attached to a
pivotted lever between two electro-magnets, the said lever being provided 3
with armatures which are attracted by each magnet alternately in such
manner as to throw the drums in and out of gear with the screws.
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention for "A New
or Improved Electro-magnetic Apparatus for Moving Panoramas, Adver-
tisements, or other Things required to be Exhibited," I will now proceed 3
to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may
be performed or carried into practical effect; and in order that the same
may be distinctly understood I have annexed hereunto one Sheet of

page_text: Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures
and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof, that is to say :—
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1 represents a side
elevation; Figure 2 a transverse vertical central section; Figures 3,
and 4, views of parts in detail; Figure 5 a perspective view of a modifi-
cation, and Figures 6 and 7 views of parts in detail of the apparatus, as
embodied in the present Invention.
A represents the motor which consists of a series of soft iron rods 6, 6,
of any suitable number arranged in a circular manner, and parallel with
each other, in suitable supports 7, 7, and provided with helices, and
having projecting ends 8, 8, of such area as to leave spaces between the
said ends of exactly their own width. It also consists of two other pairs
of similar rods 9, 9, one pair at each end of rods 6, mounted on a shaft 10
and having ends 11, 11, corresponding to those of rods 6, and so arranged
with relation to the same that when two of the ends of rods 9 cover
two of the ends of rods 6, the remaining rods 9 will cover spaces between
two other of the rods 6. The whole are suitably attached to the poles
of a battery, while by means of commutators or current changes 12
and 13 located on the shaft 10 the ends of rods 6 and 9 are made to
alternately attract each other and loose the said attractions in such
manner as to cause the shaft 10 to revolve rapidly and impart motion
as desired. The ends 8 and 11 may be round as shewn in Figure 6,
or of the truncated form as shown in Figure 7. The shaft 10 is pro-
vided with the screws b, b¹, one near each end, which screws mesh with
the double bevil pinions C, Figure 3, on the shafts c, c¹, of the drums D, D'.
These latter are provided with the longitudinal depressions or con-
cavities d, d', (Figure 2); E, E¹, represent rollers which are journalled
in the arms e, e¹, of shafts e², e², and bear upon the periphery of the
drums D, D. The said rollers or rods are nearly of the same length as
the drums D, D¹. F, F', represent arms pivotted at one end to shafts e², e²,
and to their other ends are pivotted other rods G, G. The arms F, F',
are supported by springs H, H. I represents a commutator which
consists of a flat strip of conducting metal, pivotted in the centre and
provided at each end with the insulating pieces i, i. The commutator I
is also provided with a transverse strip J the ends of which project on
each side and have holes through which the ends of rods G, G¹, pass.
Both rods have nuts ; which bear upward on the lower side of the

page_text: strip J. K, K¹, represent sliding collars on the shafts c, c¹, opposite
the double bevil pinions C, to which collars are attached the rods k, l,
which run through the drums D, D³, and engage with the teeth of
clutches L on the pinions C. M represents a lever pivotted at its
centre to standards m and bifurcated at the ends, which bifurcations
clasp the sliding collars K, K¹. N, N¹, are electro-magnets situated
above and below the standards m, and at an equal distance from the
same, and O, O¹, are armatures on the lever M which are opposite the
magnets N, N¹. P, P¹, Figure 2, are curved strips of conducting metal
attached to the bolts o, o¹, their outer ends resting on the ends of the
commutator I, being caused to bear against the same by the spiral
springs R, R¹. S represents a wire which is attached to a plate 8
under the commutator I, and connected to one pole of the battery. T is
another wire which connects the magnets N, N¹, to which is also attached
a third wire U which connects with the opposite pole of the battery.
V is a fourth wire which connects the magnet N with the strip P¹,
and W a fifth wire which connects magnet N¹ with the strip P.
✗ represents a disc of rubber or other insulating material, having a
segment of conducting material, upon its periphery and is in contact
with the strip Y which is kept in its place by the spring y. 1 represents
the case in which the whole is held, and 2, 2, are rollers near the front
of the same.
The disc X is suitably connected with an eight day or other clock
mechanism, and is connected with the battery by the wire z and with
the motor by the wire ¹.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-A suitable length of
material which it is desired to exhibit, being wound upon the drum D
and one end passed over rollers 2, 2, and attached to drum D, the
drum D¹ is thrown out of gear by the armature 0¹ being attracted to
magnet N', which throws collar K and rods k, k, into gear with clutch L
on shaft c, as shown in Figure 1. The connections being formed with
the battery, the shaft 10 of motor A revolves and imparts motion through
pinion C, and screw 6 to drum D, while drum D¹ being out of gear
revolves loosely. By this means the material is gradually unwound
from drum D¹ to drum D and the concavity d' left exposed, into which
the roller E drops, being rigidly attached to arm F¹ and drawn upward
by spring II'. This operation causes rod G¹ to bear upwards on the
inner end of picce J, and give a slight motion to commutator. I which

page_text: causes the end of strip P to bear on insulator i which breaks the con-
nection with wire W and magnet N¹ while the end of strip P¹ bears on
the end of commutator, and completes the circuit through wire V to
magnet N, which instantly attracts armature O and changes the position
of rod M, throwing the clutch on drum D out of gear and D¹ into gear
with shaft 10. The winding operation is thus reversed, the material
being wound upon drum D¹, while drum D revolves freely.
When it is desired to run the apparatus for a portion of the time
the disc X is employed, which is revolved by clockwork, and is in
the line of the electric current. When the strip Y bears upon the
periphery of the insulator there is no connection and consequently no
operation of the motor, but when it touches the segment x, the contact
is formed and operation ensues which continues as long as the con-
tact with segment a exists.
A portion of the mechanism may be omitted as shown in Figure 5,
in which the roller E is connected with the magnet N¹ by wire 2 and
roller E', with magnet N by wire 3, while the drums D, D¹, are con-
nected together and with one pole of the battery by wire 4, as shown
in dotted lines, and the armatures O, O', are connected with the opposite
pole by wire 5. In this construction the changes of direction of drums
are effected by the contact of the rollers E, E', with the drums by the
unwinding of the material. For instance when the material is so nearly
unwound from drum D that roller E comes in contact with the bare
surface thereof a current will be formed through wire 2 to magnet N¹
which attracts armature O¹ and throws clutch L into gear.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention for
"A New or Improved Electro-magnetic Apparatus for Moving Panoramas,
Advertisements, and other Things required to be Exhibited" together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed, or
carried into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I
claim as the Invention communicated to me by the above-named Louis
Finger,―
First. The motor described consisting substantially of the rods 6, 6,
and 9, 9, and commutators 12, 13, as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. The described arrangement of rods 6, 6, with relation to
revolving rods 9, 9, so that when two of the latter cover the ends of one
of the former, the remaining two of the latter cover spaces between two
others of the former.

page_text: Third. The motor A. in combination with the screws b, b', pinions C
and drums D, D', substantially as described.
Fourth. The rollers E, E¹, rods F, F, and G, G', in combination with
drums D, D¹, with their concavities d, d³.
Fifth. The commutator I and strip J, in combination with rods G, G¹.
Sixth. The commutator I, in combination with strips P, P¹, and
magnets N, N¹.
Seventh. The lever M. and armatures O, O', in combination with
magnets N, N₁, and collars K, K', with their rods k, k.
Eighth. The combination of the above combination with commutator I,
strips P, P¹, rods G, G¹, and F, F'.
Ninth. The disc X with its segment & in combination with motor A.
Tenth. The drums D, D¹, and rollers E, E¹, in combination with the
wires 2 and 3, magnets N, N¹, armatures 0, 0¹, lever M, and collars K, K³,
as shown in Figure 5.
Eleventh. Reversing the motion of drums D, D', by breaking and
connecting the current between the same and the magnets N, N¹, by the
means substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.