Improved Compositions for Preventing or Obstructing the Passage of Heat from and to the Surfaces of Articles, Structures, and Things which are Required to be Kept at Higher or Lower Temperatures than that of the Surrounding Atmosphere, or which are Required to be Una by ofe of the At, and Methods of Applying such Coms to Surfaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 26th July, 1890-Accepted, 25th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Compositions for Preventing or Obstructing the Passage
of Heat from and to the Surfaces of Articles, Structures, and
Things which are Required to be Kept at Higher or Lower
Temperatures than that of the Surrounding Atmosphere, or
which are Required to be Unaffected by Fluctuations of
Temperature of the Atmosphere, and Methods of Applying such
Compositions to Surfaces.
We FREDERICK BLAKE PEMBERTON of the Town and County of Southampton Civil
Engineer late of the Public Works Department of the Government of India and
ARTHUR ANGELL of the County Laboratory Southampton Public Analyst Ph.D., F.I.C.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists in part of the compositions hereinafter described which are
especially designed for application to the surfaces of steam pipes steam boilers an i
other articles structures and things which are required to be kept at higher
temperatures than that of the atmosphere surrounding them and are suitable for
application to the surfaces of articles structures and things which are required to be
kept at lower temperatures than that of the atmosphere surrounding them or the
temperature of which is required to be unaffected by fluctuations of temperatures of
the atmosphere. And our said invention consists further of the methods hereinafter
described of applying such compositions to surfaces.
We manufacture the said compositions as follows:-
:-
In preparing a composition for the primary or "scratch" coating which is designed
for application directly to the surface of the pipe or boiler or other article structure or
thing we take blue clay or other clay (preferably such as is free or nearly free from
pyrites) and mix it with water to about the consistence of batter and then add to the
mixture soot and sawdust in equal or other proportions and stir the whole until it
assumes the consistence of mortar.
In preparing a composition for the secondary or "main" coating which is designed
for application over the said primary coating we take granulated cork or cork dust or
charred cork (such as the raspings or filings from the charred surfaces of cork which
is a waste product obtainable from cork cutters) and plaster of Paris and dried and
powdered fire clay and blue clay or other clay (preferably such as is free from
pyrites) and mix them together with water to about the consistence of mortar and then
add thereto sheeps' wool or other wool or hair or other fibre or fibrous matter and
well mix and incorporate the whole. The proportions of the ingredients of this
composition may be as follows namely-Granulated cork or cork dust or charred cork
sixteen gallons. Plaster of Paris one gallon. Fire clay one gallon. Blue clay or
other clay half a gallon. Hair or fibre or fibrous matter one pound by weight.
Other proportions of the said ingredients are however suitable.
In applying the said compositions to the surface of a boiler or to the surface of any
article or structure or thing to which it may be desired to apply the said compositions we
proceed as follows-We rub the said surface with the primary composition or scratch
coating by hand or otherwise and when the portion of the said composition which adheres
to the surface is dry we dab or otherwise apply other portions by hand or otherwise over
the dry surface which portions may be at distances of three or four inches apart from
centre to centre and of conical or approximately conical forn and about one half to
three quarters of an inch in thickness. When these portions are quite dry we apply
the secondary composition or main coating. This we do in the following manner.
We first fill up the spaces between the conical portions of the primary composition
with the said secondary composition and allow it to dry and then apply successively

page_text: further coatings of the said secondary composition in layers of about half an inch each
in thickness until the collective thickness of the several layers is that desired. We
scratch or score the surface of each of the said several layers of secondary composition
except the last one and we allow each layer to dry thoroughly before applying another
over it.
•
In some cases we finish the surface of the last layer of secondary composition by
applying a thin coating of the primary composition thereto. This finished surface
may be painted with enamel paint or other paint.
The compositions hereinbefore described act efficiently for the purposes for which
they are designed and possess sufficient elasticity to bear without injury the expansion
and contraction of the shells of steam boilers and the walls of furnaces and such other
articles and structures subject to expansion and contraction as compositions of the same
class are ordinarily applied to.
Dated this 26th day of October 1880
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Compositions for Preventing or Obstructing the Passage
of Heat from and to the Surfaces of Articles, Structures, and
Things which are Required to be Kept at Higher or Lower
Temperatures than that of the Surrounding Atmosphere, or
which are Required to be Unaffected by Fluctuations of
Temperature of the Atmosphere, and Methods of Applying such
Compositions to Surfaces.
We FREDERIC BLAKE PEMBERTON of the Town and County of Southampton Civil
Engineer late of the Public Works Department of the Government of India and
ARTHUR ANGELL of the County Laboratory Southampton Public Analyst Ph.D., F.I.C.
do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention consists in part of the compositions hereinafter described which are
especially designed for application to the surfaces of steam pipes steam boilers and
other articles structures and things which are required to be kept at higher
temperatures than that of the atinosphere surrounding them and are suitable for
application to the surfaces of articles structures and things which are required to be
kept at lower temperatures than that of the atmosphere surrounding them or the
temperature of which is required to be unaffected by fluctuations of temperature of
the atmosphere. And our said invention consists further of the methods hereinafter
described of applying such compositions to surfaces.
We manufacture the said compositions as follows:-
In preparing a composition for the primary or "scratch "coating which is designed
for application directly to the surface of the pipe or boiler or other article structure or
thing we take clay and mix it with water to about the consistence of batter and then
add to the mixture soot and sawdust preferably in about equal proportions and stir the
whole until it assumes the consistence of mortar.
In preparing a composition for the secondary or "main" coating which is designed
for application over the said primary coating we take charred cork preferably charred
chips or parings of cork (such as the refuse obtainable from cork cutters) and plaster
of Paris and dried and powdered clay and mix them together with water to about the
consistence of mortar and then add thereto sheeps' wool or other wool or hair or other
organic fibre and well mix and incorporate the whole. The proportions of the
ingredients of this composition may be as follows namely:-Charred cork sixteen
gallons. Plaster of Paris one gallon. Clay half a gallon. Wool or hair or other
organic fibre one pound by weight. The said ingredients may however be used in
other proportions,

page_text: In applying the said compositions to the surface of a boiler or to the surface of any
article or structure or thing to which it may be desired to apply the said compositions
we proceed as follows. We rub the said surface with the primary composition or
scratch coating by hand or otherwise and when the portion of the said composition
which adheres to the surface is dry we dab or otherwise apply other portions by hand
or otherwise over the dry surface which portions may be at distances of three or four
inches apart from centre to centre and of conical or approximately conical form and
about one half to three quarters of an inch in thickness. When these portions are
quite dry we apply the secondary composition or main coating. This we do in the
following manner. We first fill up the spaces between the conical portions of the
primary composition with the said secondary composition and allow it to dry and then
applysuccessively further coatings of the said secondary composition in layers of about
half an inch each in thickness until the collective thickness of the several layers is
that desired. We scratch or score the surface of each of the said several layers of
secondary composition except the last one and we allow each layer to dry thoroughly
before applying another over it.
We prefer to finish the surface of the last layer of secondary composition by
applying thereto a thin coating of the primary composition and smoothing it with a
trowel. This finished surface may be painted with enamel paint or other paint.
The compositions hereinbefore described act efficiently for the purposes for which
theyare designed and possess sufficient elasticity to bear without injury the expansion
and contraction of the shells of steam boilers and the walls of furnaces and such other
articles and structures subject to expansion and contraction as compositions of the
same class are ordinarily applied to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to he performed we wish it to be understood that
we make no claim to the use per se of any of the ingredients of the compositions
hereinbefore described nor to the use of the said ingredients or any of them otherwise
than in the particular combinations or mixtures herein before described but we declare
that we claim as our said invention :-
First. Compositions for preventing or obstructing the passage or conduction of
heat manufactured substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. The applicationsubstantiallyas herein beforedescribed of the compositions
herein before described for preventing or obstructing the passage or conduction
of heat.
Dated this 24th day of July 1800
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for Arthur Angell.