Improvements in Spray Producers for Petroleum, Naphtha, and like Furnace Grates.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 7th Jan., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spray Producers for Petroleum, Naphtha, and like
Furnace Grates.
I, GREGORY CHELIMSKY, of Woronzewskaja, Nabereschnaja 10, Tiflis, in the
Empire of Russia, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: —
"
"Masud
This invention relates to a spray producer for petroleum naptha
(petroleum residue) and the like grates; its object consists in introducing the
liquid fuel into the grate in as finely divided a condition as possible, and at the
same time to so distribute it as to obtain a flame spread out uniformly and of
the largest possible size and heating power.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings the figures of which
are hereinafter referred to.
Two constructional forms of the said spray producer are illustrated, in Figures 1
and 2 respectively.
As shewn in Figure 1, the spray producer consists of an outer pipe a, the
front extremity of which is provided with a conical addition or nozzle a¹;
within this pipe a is arranged a second pipe b a certain amount of annular space
being left between the two. The front extremity of this pipe also is provided
with a conical nozzle fitting within the nozzle a¹. The two pipes are preferably
screwed together, as shewn in the drawing, suitable packing being provided
between the two, by means of projections in the inner pipe or otherwise. The
outer pipe is provided with two tubular sockets a² a³, or is furnished with a
cross-piece provided with such sockets. The two sockets communicate with the
annular space between the two pipes a and b. The liquid fuel is introduced into
the sprayer through the larger socket under pressure, the other socket a³ being
closed. The fuel passes along the annular space between the pipes towards the
conical outlet; before reaching this, however, the liquid fuel is obliged to pass
through a screw c, the worm of which is arranged upon the inner pipe b, the
height of this worm being such that it comes into contact with the inner wall of
the pipe a.
There is thus imparted to the liquid fuel a rotary, helical motion,
so that it issues from the conical annular space between the cone 1 and the
nozzle a¹ in a pulverised or sprayed condition, with great velocity and having a
helical motion.
The pipe b, which becomes reduced to a very small opening within the cone b',
serves for the supply of air, the suction of which is effected by the fuel issuing
from the nozzle. The fuel passes out in the form of a conical surface and the air
carried with it serves to supply this conical flame with the air necessary for

page_text: combustion. Within the pipe b a screw or worm c¹ is also provided and serves
to impart a helical motion to the air conducted through this pipe likewise. In
order that the fuel may be the better utilised it is previously heated, advantageously
by means of the exhaust steam coming from a steam engine supplied by the
steam generator which is heated by the furnace, so that it is heated to about
100° C. a temperature at which the fuel does not become decomposed. The air
supplied is also heated previously, the pipes constituting the sprayer being
heated to some extent by the heated fuel. Instead of supplying air, combustible
gases of any kind, either previously heated or not, may be supplied through the
pipe b to the conical flame.
The pipe may be displaced relatively to the pipe a by means of a hand
wheel d, so that the cone 6' may be caused to enter the conical nozzle a¹ to a
greater or less extent;, by this means a very exact regulation of the supply of
fuel and consequently of the heat may be effected.
The thread of the screw may be of any desired kind; that shewn at c for
example. In the drawing a square thread is shewn, but it will of course be
understood that any desired form of thread may be substituted for this. It is
only necessary that the outer edges of the thread should touch the inner wall of
the pipe a, so that the fuel at e (or the air, at c¹) is obliged to traverse a helical
path; the socket a³ is in communication with the steam pipe, so that in the event
of the outlet of the sprayer becoming blocked, it may be cleansed by means of a
steam blast.
The upper half of Figure 3 shews a modification of this device in which the
thread c is arranged upon the cone b', so that the screw threads touch the inner
surface of the nozzle al; or the screw thread e is arranged, as shewn in the lower
half of Figure 3, upon the inner surface of the nozzle a¹, so that the threads
touch the cone b¹.
In the modification illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawing there is arranged
a third pipe e between the pipes a and b, and this third pipe is precisely similar
in construction to the others. In this case there are two conical annular spaces
at the outlet, that is to say, an outer space between the nozzle a¹ and the cone e¹
of the pipe e, and an inner space between e¹ and b¹. Both annular spaces may
be placed in communication with the fuel by means of the socket a² or by means
of two separate sockets in such a manner that the fuel may be allowed to enter
either through both annular spaces or through one only, the other being utilised
for supplying gas or the like. The pipe e is capable of displacement by means
of the hand wheel f; it is of course furnished with a screw-thread 2 likewise,
which is preferably formed in the direction opposite to that of the screw thread a,
so that the directions of rotation of the two cones of fuel issuing from the nozzle
are opposed one to the other. It will, however, of course be understood that this
screw-thread may be of any desired form. The form and effect of the pipe bare
the same as in Figure 1.
The dimensions of the sprayer may be determined according to requirements;
these sprayers are adapted for use, in various sizes, for both household and for
manufacturing purposes.
The sprayer, as already stated, is chiefly adapted for spraying or pulverizing
liquid fuel, more especially raw naptha and petroleum residue; this latter in a
heated condition only. For this purpose the naptha or petroleum residue is
heated in hermetically closed reservoirs n to a temperature of from 100° to
180° C., according to the steam pressure in the boiler. In order to effect this,
the steam is introduced directly from the boiler into a tubular coil arranged in
the reservoir (see Figure 4). In this figure n is the tubular coil for heating the
petroleum residue by means of steam, o the inlet for the steam coming from the
boiler, o the outlet for the steam to the steam engine. The apertures n² serve
for the admission of the petroleum residue to the annular reservoir A A from the
piston reservoir B.

page_text: d is an aperture or tube leading to the reservoir A, through which the petro-
leum residue reaches the sprayer. 7 is a lever, the two arms of which are as 1 to
4 for example, so that the weight is only one fourth the direct pressure on the
piston. This reservoir is adapted for ordinary boilers, and also for locomotives
and steam-ships; for these latter, and more especially for locomotives, it is of
the greatest value.
Naptha and petroleum residue upon being heated give off light oils in a gas-
eous form and these collect in the upper portion of the annular, reservoir A A
producing pressure upon the surface of the liquid; the lever and piston also
press upon the liquid which is beneath this latter. The pressure remains con-
stant in this vessel, even when there is but a small quantity of liquid in the
reservoir.
In the arrangement illustrated in Figure 5, the heating is effected in the boiler,
the supply pipe for the fuel being conducted through the boiler; in this case the
fuel is forced into the sprayer under the pressure of the piston and lever device
only.
In cases in which high pressure can be obtained with the employment of a
reservoir of the largest possible capacity (by arranging the reservoir at a con-
siderable height, for example) a much more simple form of apparatus, such as
that shewn in Figure 6, may be used.
The introduction of the petroleum residue and gas is in this case best effected by
means of the branch pipes o o' upon one side of the sprayer (Figure 7). In this
figure a sprayer having a cone provided with a screw thread is shewn; this cone
is immovable. The size of the outlet for the petroleum residue or naptha is regu-
lated by means of a rod g, which rod is traversed by an opening or passage for
the admission of gas or hot air.
t
All reservoirs forming part of these apparatus are provided with pressure
gauges, safety cocks and gauge cocks for ascertaining the level of the contents:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;-
1. A sprayer or spray producer for liquid fuel, consisting of an outer pipe a
terminating at its outer extremity in a conical part or nozzle a within which
pipe is arranged a second pipe b terminating at its outer extremity in a cone 6¹
through which a passage is formed and which is capable of displacement, so that
fuel entering the annular space between a and b through the tubular socket a²
under pressure issues from the nozzle with a conical surface after having had
imparted to it a rotary motion by means of screws c arranged between a and b or
a and b, hot air or gas to which a rotary motion has likewise been imparted by
means of the screw c¹, being drawn by suction through the pipe b.
2. A constructional form of the sprayer for liquid fuel described in Claim 1,
characterised by the fact that between the pipes a and b a third pipe e, likewise
provided with a conical aperture and a screw-thread 2 is displaceably arranged
for the purpose of producing two distinct conical flames.
3. A constructional form of the sprayer described in Claims 1 and 2, character-
ised by the fact that the pipes (a b, and e in the latter case) provided with conical
outlet apertures are not capable of relative displacement and the regulation of the
flow of the fuel is effected by means of a hollow rod or tube g provided with a
conical outlet at its outer extremity and arranged concentrically within the pipe,
such rod or tube being capable of displacement by means of a hand wheel,
whereby the size of the outlet aperture of the sprayer may be regulated as desired.
4. A reservoir for actuating the sprayer described in Claim 1, such reservoir
containing the liquid fuel and consisting of an inner vessel provided with a piston,
which vessel is in communication by means of apertures n² with an annular
vessel surrounding it in which the fuel is heated by means of a tubular coil

page_text: directly supplied with steam, owing to which the lighter oils are liberated and
passing off in a gaseous form increase the pressure upon the fuel.
5. The combination of a sprayer as described in either Claim 1 or Claim 2
with the reservoir for the fuel described in Claim 4.
Dated this 14th day of October 1808
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.