matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR POLISH FOR MAINTAINING THE BRILLIANCY OF VARNISHED OR PATENT LEATHER
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION
OR POLISH FOR MAINTAINING THE BRILLIANCY OF VARNISHED OR PATENT LEATHER,"
(communicated to me by Dollier, Frères, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
The polish now generally used for patent leather forms a stiff paste thereon,
and has the effect of hardening the leather and causing it to crack. The
improved composition or polish preserves the leather while it maintains and
revives the polished or varnished surface thereof. It is only applicable to
that description of leather known as patent leather. The composition consists
of the following ingredients, in or about the proportions named:-
187 parts of white or yellow wax,
500 parts of essence of turpentine,
62 parts of gum arabic,
62 parts of ivory black.

page_text: will produce a black polish. It may be made white by dispensing with the
ivory black and by the employment of white wax; yellow, by suppressing
the ivory black, and by the employment of yellow wax, and any desired color
may be produced by the admixture of a suitable coloring matter which will
readily combine with the other materials. The mixture or intimate com-
bination of the materials should, by preference, be effected in a bain-marie.
The water in the outer vessel should be kept at about 195° Fahrenheit. The
wax and essence of turpentine are placed in the inner vessel, and raised to
about 145° Fahrenheit. The gum arabic and the ivory black should be dis-
solved in a portion of the turpentine in a separate vessel, and then thrown
into and mixed with the wax and turpentine in the inner vessel. The
materials are well stirred until thorough admixture has taken place, and the
composition when cold is ready for use.
The composition may be made without heat, and in such case, after the
materials have been. taken in the proportion before named, they must be
allowed to rest for some time and then be thoroughly stirred. The smell
of turpentine may be neutralised or overcome by the addition of fragrant
essences, such as the essence of lavender. A superior polish is obtained by
first melting the wax, then mixing therewith, under heat, the gum arabic, and
stirring, so as to form a mucilage, then add the other ingredients, and stir
until the complete admixture of the whole materials has taken place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: à
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1857. A communication.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of 4, Cannon Row, Westminster, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MARINE STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a mode or modes of or apparatus for so cooling
water after it has been used for condensing steam in the condenser as to
enable the same water to be used over again, and also to feed or assist in
feeding the boiler; and the manner in which I propose to effect this object, is
to pass the warm water, when and after being so used, by means of pumps or
otherwise, through a pipe or passage or series of pipes or passages, either fixed
outside the vessel below the surface of the water on which it floats, or inside
the vessel in suitable chambers filled with cold water, by being open to or in
communication with the water in which the vessel is floating; or by causing
the warm water, after it has condensed the steam, to come in contact with
any suitable surface or surfaces, kept cold by the water in which the vessel is
floating.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICATOR OR OILER BY MEANS OF FORCE PUMPS OR VALVES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgson and Henry
Hodgson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th June 1857.
We, WILLIAM HODGSON and HENRY HODGSON, both of Garden Mills,
Thornton Road, Bradford, Yorkshire, Machine and Tool Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED LUBRICATOR OR OILER
BY MEANS OF FORCE PUMPS OR VALVES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a covered cup or basin constructed of tin, with a
piston valve and piston rod attached. At the bottom of one side of the piston
is a small hole, leading or conducting into a tin pipe or spout annexed to the
outter side of the said cup or basin. The said pipe or spout is curved at
the top, so as to enable the lubricating material in use to drop upon the
bearings or necks of the shafting or machinery intended to be lubricated; and
the said cup or basin is to be placed in such a position near the bearings or
necks of the shafting or machinery intended to be lubricated, that when the
lubricating material drops from such bearings or necks of shafting or
machinery, it may fall into or be received by the said cup or basin, and again
forced up the said pipe or spout by means of the said piston.
This Invention can be used either with steam, water, hand, or any other
power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING PIPES TO THE BASINS OF WATERCLOSETS AND WASH-HAND BASINS, AND ALSO IN THE MEANS OF STOPPING THE OUTLETS OF WASH-HAND BASINS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Bridgwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1857.
I, JESSE BRIDGWOOD, of Burslem, Staffordshire Potteries, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING PIPES TO THE
BASINS OF WATERCLOSETS AND WASH-HAND BASINS, AND ALSO IN THE MEANS OF
STOPPING THE OUTLETS OF WASH-HAND BASINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in connecting pipes to the
basins of waterclosets and wash-hand basins, and also in the means of stopping
the outlets of wash-hand basins. For these purposes, in order to connect a
supply pipe to the basin of a watercloset, the earthenware or china basin is
made with a short projecting tube of earthenware or china, with a screw
thread thereon to receive a screw nut formed of earthenware or china. The
supply pipe is formed with a flanch, which is received on the interior of the
earthenware or china screw nut, so that when the screw nut is screwed on to
the earthenware or china screw tube, formed with the basin, a soft washer of
leather or other suitable material will be pressed closely against the end of the
screw tube and against the surface of the flanch. In a similar manner each
of the outlet passages of wash-hand basins is formed with a short screw tube
of earthenware or china, and it has a similar nut or screw junction of earthen-

page_text: ware or china to that above described. In closing the outlet holes at the
bottoms of wash-hand basins, spherical stoppers of earthenware, china, glass, or
stone are used, ground into the holes; so as to produce'spherically-formed seats
for the spherical stoppers.
Ax IMPROVEMENT IN SHIP'S SCUTTLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho said Joseph Ridsdale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
July 1857.
I, JOSEPH RIDSDALE, of the Minories, in the City of London, Nautical
Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVEMENT IN SHIP'S SCUTTLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the frames of scuttles, whether the frame
by which the scuttle is connected to the ship's side, or the frame in which the
glass is fitted, hollow, and in making one, two, or more aportures externally
therein, which lead into one or more apertures opening internally; the
internal apertures are all furnished with a valve or stopper, for the purpose
of closing them when requisite.
It will be understood that the object of my Invention is, the admission of
air without the liability of water entering with it, at such times as the scuttle
itself cannot be opened. I do not consider a valve to the internally opening
apertures necessary, but it may be fitted thereto, as a precautionary measure.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING CARDS, BILLS, AND OTHER LIKE ADVERTISEMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hearn Nosworthy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1857.
I, JOHN HEARN NOSWORTHY, of the City of London, Lithographer and
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING CARDS, BILLS, AND OTHER LIKE ADVERTISEMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
My said Invention has reference to an apparatus for exhibiting bills, cards,
and other mediums of advertising, by suspending them from or otherwise
affixing them to peculiarly constructed metal or wood posts, after being
properly secured thereto by a suitably adjustable frame or frames.
The framed or other advertisements may be glazed, varnished, painted, or
otherwise rendered waterproof, and made of various materials and designs.
The frames are made to admit sliding blanks to receive advertisements of
different size and form, and the posts or other like elevations are grooved to
admit the bracket or frames, and have adjustable thumbscrews to regulate
their elevation, their easy insertion or removal, or may be hollow, and contain
a vertical rack to which the bracket or frame is attached, and can be raised
or lowered by a toothed pinion enclosed and locked up in the pedestal; and
such arrangements are applicable for railway advertisements and signal posts.
In the accompanying Drawing A, B, is the advertizing pillar, carrying at C

page_text: a frame to bold one or more advertisements, and capable of being lowered as at
C, by operating the spindle D, which raises and lowers the enclosed rack E, F,
to which the frame C is fastened at top; G, a well to receive the lowered
rack E¹'.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING, OR IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ratcliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May 1857.
I, Jonn RATCLIFFE, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING, OR IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Yarns or threads which have been sized and dried ready for the loom partly
stick together, and have adhering to them loose fibros and other matters, and
the size also makes them rough. Now, the object of my Invention is to cause
the yarns or threads to separate to remove the foreign matters, and to render
them more smooth; by so doing not only is the manufactured cloth much
improved in appearance, but the friction of the threads on the healds in
weaving being much diminished, their destruction is rendered less rapid,
consequently a great saving is effected in them.
My Invention consists in subjecting yarns or threads which have been sized
and dried to the action of a brush, or of brushes, or their equivalents. This
brushing operation may be performed in the sizing or dressing machines; or,
if the yarns or threads are sized in mass, then the operation may be performed
at the time the warp is being beamed, or the warp may be acted upon when in.

page_text: the loom before passing through the healds. The brush or brushes employed
may be stationary, the yarns or threads passing over them; or the brush
or brushes may be arranged to rotate and act against the passing yarns or
threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARIKO PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sidney Johns at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1857.
J, CHARLES SIDNEY JOHNS, of Barnard's Inn, Holborn, London, at present of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARIKO PULP FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in preparing pulp in a more rapid
and efficient manner than hitherto.
One arrangement of the apparatus consists of a double iron vessel fitted one
within the other; the outer vessel does not communicate with the inner
one, but serves as a steam jacket to confine the steam by which the inner
vessel is heated. Straw or other suitable vegetable material is placed within
the inner vessel, which is then filled up with caustic alkaline liquor. The
vessel is kept full by means of a force pump. The steam admitted between
the vessels is caused to circulate rapidly by means of a pump or other suitable
exhausting apparatus, in order to maintain a high temperature within the inner
vessel.
Another arrangement of the apparatus consists of an iron vessel to hold the
straw and alkaline liquor. Within this vessel is fitted a coil of pipe, portion
of which passes through a furnace. The coil is filled with water and heated to

page_text: a high temperature; as the water circulates through the coil the heat is
imparted to the alkaline liquor, which is kept under pressure.
Another arrangement of the apparatus consists in heating. The alkaline
liquor is forced into the vessel and withdrawn therefrom by means of one or
more pumps.
Another improvement consists in beating the pipes which convey the
alkalino liquor to the pulp vessel by means of a bath of metal or amalgam of
metals.
Another improvement consists in preparing straw or other suitable vegetable
materials by maceration in a solution of caustic alkaline liquor kept under
great pressure within a suitable iron vessel.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved agitator. This is made
with a hollow shaft or axis from which hollow arms radiate; to these arms are
sécured smaller perforated tubes. Upon the shaft is fitted an Archimedean
screw, or a series of curved blades. When the agitator is put in motion, the
screw or blades lift the vegetable substance, and prevent its accumulation at
the bottom of the vessel; at the samo time, the shaft being in communication
with the alkaline liquor pipe, the highly-heated fluid is forced through the
perforated tubes, and comes in contact with the straw or other material as it
is turned over by the screw or blades.
CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OP UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holland and John Rubery
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
3rd September 1857.
We, THOMAS HOLLAND, Brassfounder, and Joux RUBERY, Umbrella and
Parasol Furniture Manufacturer, both of Birmingham, in the County of War-
wick, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OP
UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
From such sheet iron or other
proper size, and in the centre
Our improvements consists in manufacturing the part of umbrellas and
parasols runners and notches, to which our Invention relates, from sheet iron
or other suitable metal sheet of sufficient thickness, that that part of runners
to which the stretchers are attached, and the top notches to which the ribs are
attached, shall be made in the following way
suitable metal sheet we cut out discs of the
part of such disc we cut or pierce out a circular hole of the size of the
barrel of such runners and notches we wish to make; and these rings so
formed, we solder to the barrels before referred to, and finish them by grooving
and notching in the usual form, thus producing this important part with great
solidity, neatness, and strength, at less cost than they are now produced by
the ordinary process.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING MYRABOLAMS, VALONIA, BARK, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Ripley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1857.
I, ABRAHAM RIPLEY, of Saint Helen's, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
and Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING MYRABOLAMS, VALONIA, BARK, AND OTHER
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
In a suitable frame I construct is a fluted roller or drum, which is cast in
segments of chilled iron or other hard substance, and then bolted to the arms;
this drum runs in plummer blocks, which rest on the frame work. Suspended
from brackets attached to the frame, I use a semicircular shaped breastplate
made of the same material as the drum, and also fluted, but with the flutes or
teeth set the opposite way, so that when the drum is put in motion by any of
the ordinary means, such as pulleys or gear fixed on the drum shaft, the
substances to be ground being fed from above will be torn or cut betwixt the
drum or fluted roller and the breastplate, the coarseness or fineness being
adjusted by regulating screws, which when tightened or slackened bring the
breastplate nearer to or further from the roller; I therefore claim as my
Invention the arrangements of the fluted or toothed roller and breastplate
working close to each other with the teeth or flutes set in the opposite way, as
described, by which hard acorns, myrabolams, valonia, bark, and other similar
hard substances generally used for tanning may be ground.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CHAFF CUTTER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Coles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1857.
I, THOMAS COLES, of the City and County of Bristol, Mechanic, in the
employment of Bartlett and Son, Agricultural Implement Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CHAFF
CUTTER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in casting the worm for giving motion to the feed
rollers in two halves, and with a worm on each end, one being a double and
the other a single worm. These worms fit accurately on the spindle to which
the knife, wheel, and crank handle are connected, and are held thereon by a
collar and screw. The object of the Invention is to enable two different
lengths of chaff to be cut, and this is accomplished by adjusting the worms on
the spindle so as to bring either the double or the single worm into gear with
the wheel, which causes the feed rollers to rotate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Smart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April 1857.
I, HENRY SMART, of 17, Queen's Terrace, Bayswater, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore to work the bellows of large organs, engines worked by water
have occasionally been employed; but in those cases, when it has been neces-
sary to measure the quantity of water used by the engine, a separate water
metre has been employed for measuring the water before it passed to the
water engine.
Now, my Invention consists in combining counting apparatus with the water
engine which works the bellows, so as to register the number of its strokes,
and so measure the quantity of water employed; thus the engine becomes its
own metre. I also, in order to obviate the inconvenience arising from the
shock produced by the sudden shutting off of the water by the engine, place
on the supply pipe a cylinder, in which a piston works, and a rod in con-
nection with this piston is attached to a lever, mounted on an axis, and carrying
a weight, so that when the piston rises in the cylinder, from the shock produced
by the sudden shutting off of the water by the engine, it gives motion to the
lever and raises the weight, and the lever is so arranged that as it moves on
its axis the weight acts with continually increasing effect on the piston.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April 1857.
I, JOHN SMITH, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has reference to the manufacture of terry and cut-pile
carpets by power-loom, consists in causing the wefts which bind the rows of
pile loops to be more effectually embodied and hidden within the said fabric,
so as present a closer and more finished appearance than hitherto. To effect
which object I cause an additional vibrating, roller (round which the warp is
passed from the usual vibrating roller in connection with the letting-off
motion) to be employed, so as to supply the requisite tension to the linen or
binding warp at the time of the beating up of the lay, the said additional
roller being actuated by a cam and lever for that purpose, and so arranged as
to admit of an increase of tension being applied to the back or front wefts, as
required..
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1857.-A communication from A. E. Dussard, of Marseilles.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES," (communicated to me by
A. E. Dussard, of Marseilles, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing furnaces and fire-places with a more
or less inclined grate or set of fire-bars, made to move backward and forward
by means of a lever or crank handle, and with a hopper or feed mouth, the
bottom or under side of which is formed of or with a sliding plate, and which
projects into the body of the furnace above the end of the grate, at the further
end of which is a small plate connected by a cranked rod to the front end, so
that when the fire bars are moved to and fro this plate may rise and fall.
After the fire has been lighted in front of the grate, the feed mouth is
charged with fuel, which being exposed to a high degree of heat becomes
converted into coke, giving off its inflammable gases, which become completely
consumed in passing over the mass of incandescent fuel on the further end of
the bars. To charge the furnace, the fire bars are pulled by the lever to
beneath the hopper, the sliding feed plate of which is withdrawn, and fuel
allowed to fall on to the fire bars. The bars are then pushed back again, the
motion shaking the fuel down them, and the cinders falling through into the
ash-pit, or through the further end when the rising and falling plate is open.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING AND FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Jones Amics at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1857.
J, NATHANIEL JONES AMIES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Small Ware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING AND
FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus for polishing or
finishing yarns, &c., and is designed for the purpose of drying the said yarns
by means of heat applied through the medium of the finishing roller or rollers,
or heating and drying the said finishing roller or rollers.
The improvement consists in so arranging certain heating and finishing
cylinders, that as the yarn, &c. traverses round the rollers over which it is
extended, it may be polished and dryed by the finishing roller (which may bo
formed of brushes, a combination of hair and flannel, or felt, or any other
substituto employed as a polisher,) which will absorb the moisture from tho
yarn, such finishing rollers being dried as they rotate by means of contact with
cylinders or other surfaces heated by steam, hot water, or other equivalent
means of heating and drying.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND WICKS FOR BURNING ROSIN AND OTHER OLLS AND FLUIDS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO ARGAND GAB BURNERS
Year: 1857

page_text: I COCLOCLD
in the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1857.
I, WILLIAM BOUGH, of No. 1, Jewin Crescent, Cripplegate, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND WICKS
FOR BURNING ROSIN AND OTHER OLLS AND FLUIDS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO ARGAND GAB BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps and wicks for
burning rosin and other oils and fluids, also an improvement on argand gas
burners. For these purposes, in constructing a lamp for burning rosin or
other oils and fluids, an ordinary burner containing a wickholder and wick is
used, and the rosin or other oil or fluid is supplied thereto in the ordinary
manner from a suitable vessel, so that the oil or fluid rises to nearly the top
of the metal tubes forming the burner. On the interior of the burner, and
concentric with it, is a cylinder of such diameter as to leave sufficient space
between its outside and the inner tube of the burner as will allow a free flow
of air to the interior of the flame. The cylinder descends some distanco
within the burner, and is closed at bottom; there is a small tube which passes
through the bottom of the cylinder, and rises to a somewhat greater height
than the cylinder, and the lower end of this tube descends below the cylinder,

page_text: and is connected with the source of supply of oil or fluid, so that the fluid may
rise into the tube, and flow from it by a small hole (above the bottom of the
cylinder) into the cylinder. In the upper end of the inner tube is introduced
the stem of a button, which may be such as has heretofore been used in
lamps, but I prefer that the button should be of talc, and I would state that
a talc button will be found not only very useful in the description of lamp
above described, but also in other lamps and argand gas burners where a
button is used on the interior of the flame. The upper end of the cylinder
above mentioned may be open or it may be closed, and have small perfora-
tions for the passago of vapours generated therein, and such vapours will be
burned as they rise out of the cylinder. In constructing and applying wicks
to lamps which burn rosin oil, I employ strong felted woollen cloth in place
of the cotton and other wicks now employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DRAUGHTS IN CHIMNIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cook at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1857.
I, CHARLES COOK, of 76, Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DRAUGHTS IN CHIMNIES, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for generating draughts in chimneys also
answers the purpose of a ventilator, either as affixed to a chimney or it may
be applied in a skylight, or at the exit of any flue or channel in communication
with the chamber to be ventilated. In all cases it must be exposed to the
action of the wind.
It consists of a kind of fan or series of blades placed in a can or cylinder
forming the top of the chimney. These blades are placed on a vertical spindle.
supported in a step on a cross bar at the bottom, and above by a cross bar at
the top of the cam, beyond which it projects. The fan blades are inclined to
their axis, and when caused to rotate in the proper direction throw a current
of air upwards, and thereby produce a draught in the chimney.
To produce the rotation of the fan, I place a fan wheel on the top of the
spindle, which wheel is exposed to the action of the wind. I curve or incline

page_text: these blades, so that the one side presented to the action of the wind is hollow,
and readily catches the wind, while the back part of another blade presented
in the same direction on the opposite side of the spindle is so disposed as to
throw off the wind. A preponderance of pressure of the wind is thus constantly
maintained, inducing the rotatory motion required. Any other arrangement of
the parts of this wheel may be adopted to produce motion as in a horizontal wind-
mill. Discs are placed above and below the blades of the wind wheel, which
assist in holding the pressure of the air as required against the surface of the blade.
They also prevent the wind striking down the chimney, being of larger diameter
than the exit opening at the top. The wind wheel is placed at a sufficient
height above the chimney as to permit a free escape of the smoke. With this
apparatus, if used for the purposes of ventilation in a chimney, I prefer to close
the opening at the grate, and establish a communication with the chimney near
the upper part of the chamber to be ventilated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING AND OTHER PRESSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1857.
I, GEORGE NEWTON, of Upper Thames Street, in the City of London,
Carpenter and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING AND OTHER PRESSES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention refers principally to the class of screw presses usually
fixed on the top of a table or stand, but which position I reverse, placing the
press underneath with the screw downwards, and operate it to press upwards,
thus leaving the top of the stand free to be used as a table. I do not limit
myself to dimensions, materials, or pattern.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR EXTRACTING SILK AND OTHER TEXTILE AND VEGETABLE SUB- STANCES FROM THE BARK AND LEAVES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF MULBERRY TREES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Austen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1857.
I, JOHN AUSTEN, of 33, Rue des Martyres, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS FOR EXTRACTING SILK AND OTHER TEXTILE AND VEGETABLE SUB-
STANCES FROM THE BARK AND LEAVES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF MULBERRY TREES,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in steeping the wood in hot water in order to get
off therefrom the bark, which latter is then dryed and crushed so as to obtain
the fiber, whereas by macerating the same further in a suitable acid solution
the cambrium or substance that causes the fibres adhering together is dissolved.
The bark is then thoroughly washed in cold water, after which the same is
submitted to a suitable alkaline solution, then washed again in cold water, and
finally crushed, when a pure fibrous material will be obtained, which after having
been dried may be used at once, or previously be submitted to any suitable
bleaching or dyeing processes, and then be combed or carded and spun by any
suitable machinery. The leaves may be treated in a similar manner as the
bark, but be less crushed, as the fibrous materials are more easily separated.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Bourne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1857.
I, STEPHEN BOURNE, of 4, Leonards Square, Kentish Town, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
felted fabrics, and consists in combining "silk cotton" (which grows in the
West Indies and other hot countries, and which has not heretofore been used
in the manufacture of felted fabrics,) with wool, fur, and other animal fibre,
and causing such combinations to be felted into fabrics suitable for making
hats and other felted articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Preston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th Juno
1857.
I, JONATHAN PRESTON, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS," to
be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in causing the steam or other fluid to
pass through two valves fixed to the same spindle, which is connected to a
hollow lever mounted on a hollow axle. This hollow lever contains mercury
at one end, and a tube within the lever dips into the mercury, on which tho
steam or other fluid, after passing thro' the valves, acts; when the pressure
on the fluid increases, the mercury is forced into the tube within the hollow
lever, and passes through the other extremity thereof, thereby exerting suffi-
cient power to partially close the valves; the fluid is thus caused to pass
through more contracted orifices, and the pressure thereof is reduced. When
the pressure is reduced, the mercury runs down the tube in the hollow lever,
thereby increasing the opening of the valve.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY POR MAKING BRICKS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Effertz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May 1857.
I, PETER EFFERTZ, of 57, Nelson Square, Blackfriars Road, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY POR MAKING BRICKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved method of arranging machinery for
making bricks. For this purpose two quadrangular vessels are employed in
which pistons work up and down; into these vessels and on to the top of the
pistons clay is fed by endless chains of buckets, and as the clay falls from
these buckets it has to pass through a frame to which a rapid motion is given,
and which contains a series of knives. Over the clay in the vessels frames
of moulds (open both at top and bottom) are placed, and over the frames of
moulds a covering plate. As the pistons rise they bring up the clay on them,
force it into the moulds, and then recede; afterwards the covering plates
are turned back and the frames of moulds are removed with the bricks in
them. The operation is then repeated.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL RESSEMBLING IVORY
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May 1857.
I, HENRY BROWN, of 187, Whitechapel Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Commercial Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MATERIAL RESSEMBLING IVORY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in preparing woods of various kinds, particularly
boxwood or lancewood, by first steeping the same in a solution of carbonate of
soda, or other carbonate or caustic alkali, or similar solution. After the woods
have been so steeped, the same may be washed in clean water. And I steep
the substances in a solution of chloride of lime, or other similar solution.
Then, in order to give the substance the smooth ivory surface, I polish with
white wax and chalk, in the manner usually practised for smoothing wood
surfaces. Or, I steep it in French polish, or in any suitable solution, such as
the solutions of gum lacs or gum resins; after which I polish with oil and
chalk.
The nature of this Invention consists in obtaining an improved substance
ressembling ivory, and therefore I might probably vary the details of the mode
of preparation prescribed.
A NEW ORNAMENTAL FRINGE OR FRINGED FABRIC, ALSO THE MEANS OF PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benedict Barnard and
Alfred Rosenthall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th October 1857.
We, BENEDICT BARNARD and ALFRED ROSENTHALL, of Cheapside, in the
City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW ORNAMENTAL FRINGE OR FRINGED FABRIC, ALSO THE MEANS
OF PRODUCING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
For the purposes of our Invention we afford to the fringe, or that part of a
woven fabric which is to form fringe, a sufficient body or sufficient consistency
to receive an impression in the ordinary method of printing upon textile
fabrics. We employ warp threads in the fabric which is to form the fringe
and then print the desired pattern thereon. After the printing is completed
we pull out or withdraw the warp threads, when the design will appear upon
the fringe, and such portions of the fabric from which the threads have been
withdrawn will be crimped; thus an entirely new fabric, namely, a printed
crimped fringe is produced.
AN IMPROVED MANU- FACTURE OF MALT
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1857.
I, ALEXANDER WRIGHT, of Newcastle, in the County of Stafford, F.R.C.S.,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANU-
FACTURE OF MALT," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved manufacture of malt relates to the submitting
barley or other grain to a certain process previously to its being dried in the
kiln, whereby the starch contained in the grain is changed into saccherine
matter and dextrine or soluble starch.
I take the barley or other grain, after it has been soaked or moistened and
allowed to germinate in the usual manner, and submit it to the action of steam
heat in a cylinder or other suitable vessel. I prefer a heat of about one
hundred and ninety degrees Fahrenheit, taking care that the grain is kept in
agitation or otherwise separated, so that the grains are subject to the moisture
of the steam or vapour of water simultaneously with the heat, so as to produce
the desired result. The grain when so treated is in the interior converted into
saccherine matter and dextrine, and somewhat similar to the change ordinary
malt undergoes in the mash tun. The malt, after being subject to the heated
vapour or steam a sufficient length of time for the purpose, is then submitted
to the action of the kiln, and the manufacture completed in the ordinary
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS FOR MAKING FANCY TOBACCO PIPES AND OTHER ORNA- MENTAL ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: い
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Solomon Philipp Hecht-
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his-Petition, on the
23rd April 1857.-A communication.
I, SOLOMON PHILIPP HECHT, of Gresham Street, in the City of London, do-
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS FOR MAKING FANCY TOBACCO PIPES AND OTHER ORNA-
MENTAL ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS," a communication, to be as:
follows:-
The moulds ordinarily used for making what are called "fancy" tobacco
pipes and other ornamental articles, for example, tobacco boxes, trays,
statuettes, and busts from plastic materials, are made of copper, iron, steel, or
other hard substances cut or cast to a certain design or figure, and oftentimes
engraved in intaglio to give the required relief, but which do not admit of
sufficient artistic finish and sharpness.
Now, my Invention consists of using soft materials, consisting of fusible
metals or alloys of metals, such as tin, lead, zinc, bismuth, antimony, and
quicksilver, and Darcet's fusible alloys, in lieu of the harder metals, in making
such moulds; by which means I can give to the articles cast from my moulds
a correctness and finish unattainable by the present mode.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SOLUTIONS FOR COATING WITH ALUMINIUM
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Coulson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1857.
I, SAMUEL COULSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SOLUTIONS FOR
COATING WITH ALUMINIUM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing solutions for
coating with aluminium: For this purpose cyanide is used, and the prepa-
ration is by preference produced as follows:-Into a solution of cyanide of
potassium in water is introduced a plate or anode of aluminium, attached to the
positive pole of a galvanic battery, and a plate of copper or other suitable
anode is attached to the negative pole of the battery, the solution of such
latter pole being separated by a diaphragm. By this means the aluminium
will be dissolved, and a proper solution thereby prepared, which is to be used
in depositing by electric means, as like solutions of silver and of gold are now
deposited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1857.-A communication from Julien Charles Dubois.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughboro' Park, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CASTORS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in castors. For these
purposes each castor is made with one large and several small spheres. The
largest sphere is the one which forms the roller and comes to the floor;
directly above this large sphere there is one or two smaller spheres, one above
the other, which bears the weight of the article of furniture to which a castor
is fixed, and reduces the friction on the larger sphere. In addition to the
spheres above mentioned, there are other spheres around the large sphere, in
order to reduce the lateral friction and to facilitate the rotation of the large
sphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Restell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1857.
I, THOMAS RESTELL, of New Kent Road, S.E., in the County of Surrey,
Chronometer Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in arranging the parts of locks fitted
to breech-charging arms in such manner that the hammer can neither be
placed at full cock nor brought down on a needle projected to discharge the
arm until after the breech has been closed. With modifications my lock will
be applicable to ordinary arms.
The second part of my Invention consists in an improvement in the fasten-
ing of the barrels of muskets to the stocks by rings. I cut away, recess, or
hollow out the stock at those parts where the rings are to be fitted, and screw
the rings tight into the recess. In the event of the wood shrinking or
swelling, the rings may be readily removed and replaced.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN UNITING IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by.. Ferdinand Jossa at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1857.
I, FERDINAND JOssa, of St Helen's Colliery, near Bishops Auckland,
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UNITING IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
In my process for uniting metals, a mould of sand, clay, or iron is formed
differing from those used in brass or iron foundries only that, if made of sand,
the lower part of the part intended to contain the cast steel to be united must
be constructed of clay or iron, which is to be joined to the surface of the cast
iron, so that the steel is cast either in clay or iron; if, however, the mould be
made entirely of sand, it must be thoroughly dried.
Figure 1 explains the above. Let the sand mould F (which is prepared in
the moulding box A, B,) to the plane a, b, and is therefore between a, b, c, d,
from in cast steel to the place A, B, and fill up the mould with cast iron,
when both will unite in the plane a,
b.
The bottom and also that part of the sides, covered by the cast steel, make,
for example, iron, as indicated in the Figure. At the two sides, immediately
above the plane of junction, are two funnel-shaped apertures for pouring in
the cast steel and cast iron into the mould; according to experiments made
the two adhere better than when steel is weled upon iron. The two metals
do not amalgamate further than a trifling thickness, or just so far as the cast
iron loses its carbon, and is thus converted into cast steel.

page_text: The process is based principally on the nature of cast steel, which, pos-
sessing greater specific gravity than cast iron, alloys itself with the latter, when
both are in a liquid state, only in the points of contact, and thus unites most
firmly.
A material point is, that the temperature of the cast iron be nearly the
same as that of the cast steel, and that the former be poured upon the cast
steel only when the latter has ceased to be very fluid; before, however it is set.
If the point of fusion of the cast iron is much lower than that of the cast
steel, the material points to ensure success are the following:-
Either a small quantity, the best or pig iron, must be procured, and
poured over the cast steel, and over this the easier usuable cast iron or a
refactory mixture of wrought and cast iron is to be prepared, and which has
to be poured upon the cast steel, being then covered by the easily fusible.
cast iron.
A junction may, however, be always effected by a direct pouring in of the
easily fusible cast iron upon cast steel. Success will always follow by extra
heating a small quantity of easily fusible cast iron, for the formation of a
middle layer; however, the above process is the surest and best.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SHAPING AND CUTTING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Shanks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1857.
I, ANDREW SHANKS, Engineer, 6, Robert Street, Adelphi, Westminster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR SHAPING AND CUTTING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
I employ rotary cutters so formed of separate pieces of steel that they can
be hardened and tempered individually, the whole being made into a wheel by
first turning the pieces of steel and uniting them in one mass by molten metal,
so that the heat does not injure their temper and cutting qualities. In using
said rotary cutters, I employ a compound movement, being at once progressive
and lateral, so as to produce grooves or channels of various widths by the
lines.
I also use a pantographic movement, when desired, for curved