IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION STORAGE REGULATION DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stokes Williams of Riverton New Jersey United
States of America for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
THE GENERATION STORAGE REGULATION DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR
MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR
PARTS THEREOF
"
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stokes Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1883.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION STORAGE REGULATION
DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS
THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF "
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
distribution regulation measurement and utilization of electricity and apparatus
or means therefor and in methods or means to be employed in the construction of
such apparatus or parts thereof.
I provide for distributing regulating transmitting and utilizing an electric
current or currents from circuits of high potential or vice versa or of varying
potential so as to provide for the utilization of any means of production and with
high or low potential adapted to operate in the main circuits and derived circuits
of an electrical apparatus or system of distribution for the operation of railways
or tramways for the propulsion of vessels for the production of light heat or
motive power for traction purposes for the extraction of metals electrically or
otherwise or to provide for the conservation of power in the form of electric
energy for such or other uses or applications.
In the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf I
have described methods or means whereby I provide for decreasing the amount of
metal employed in the main electric circuit or circuits by the accumulation of
power at fixed points or places in an electrical system of distribution and also for

page_text: further reducing the cost of an electrical system by providing for the transmission
of currents of high potential through the main conductors or circuits and reducing
and regulating the force of the currents in the translating or discharging circuits
or to regulate and vary the pressure tension or electro motive force of a current or
currents in the circuits or any combination of circuits of supply and translation in
which branches or derived circuits are employed as desired for any or all purposes
for instance for utilization through the medium of incandescent lamps arc lamps
electric motors electric heaters adapted to operate with currents of lower
resistance in the derived circuits than in the main circuits in which the devices
for translating electric energy are coupled in parallel circuit either in series or
multiple are or in series or with translating devices either for utilizing continuous
or alternating currents of high internal resistance placed in derived circuits or
loops from the main circuit in series or in derived parallel circuits with or without
devices or means for accumulating or storing electric energy in the derived circuits
at a distance from the generating station or main reserve with devices or means
for regulating or varying the electric potential in the derived circuits or in both
the main and derived circuits By such means I am enabled to utilize electric
currents with safety and for any purpose or application. By such methods of
working it is not only possible but practicable to utilize any power however
distant and to transmit through the electrical circuit the energy or power converted
with any speed pressure or tension thereby utilizing the capital expenditure to the
best advantage and rendering it more economical to convey through the electrical
circuits to cities towns or villages along the railway lines or elsewhere the power
obtainable from the conversion of coal natural forces or otherwise than otherwiso
possible.
In carrying my invention into practice I provide various devices for regulating or
varying the electric potential and rendering the discharging circuits independent of
the main circuits and for making the utilization of electric energy throughout the
system or on portable parts of the system for the operation of vehicles on railways
tramways or along railway lines or over or from fixed electrical circuits or places
independent of the main electrical circuit or circuits or the generation or both the
generating source and main reserve for a given time and my improvements are
designed especially to be used in such a system or with such a method of working
or means employed therein or therefor. At the various houses works buildings
stations or places along a railway or throughout a city town district or elsewhere
the translating devices are adapted to be supplied and operated in the discharging
or working circuits (independent or otherwise) which are supplied from the main
circuit the translating or working resistances being adapted to operate in such
derived branch or sub branch circuits in series or multiple arc or multiple series
circuit or any combination of such circuits with insulated or partially insulated
circuits with returns by earth or the reverse.
In order to obviate loss or waste of energy I employ cut offs automatically or
otherwise operated to make and break the charging circuit or both the charging
circuit and the discharging circuit consecutively alternately or simultaneously or
otherwise in such a manner as to provide for maintaining a supply of energy in
the working translating or discharging circuit or circuits the conservation or
accumulation of energy and the force of the current or currents in such circuit or
circuits being regulated varied or suited to the translating device or devices in
operation therein (in series parallel circuit or otherwise) or the conservation or
discharge of energy in or from such circuits with or without varying the pressure
or electric potential in the main conductor or conductors or charging and
discharging circuits or independent discharging circuits. In order to provide for
such a result the derived loop or other circuits extending from the main circuit to
supply the translating devices or working resistances in such working or
discharging circuit or circuits (with or without accumulators electric magazines
induction or similar conserving or storing devices or a combination of them)
are of such proportions or capacity as to provide for sub dividing the current

page_text: and conducting it as required into the various branches or circuits so as to
supply the various devices adapted to operate in independent circuits through
the medium of accumulating conserving or storing devices or otherwise-
That is to say the conductivity of the branch is in accordance with the maximum
units of electric energy required in the circuit during a period a certain period or
at any given time and the conductivity of this branch may be decreased or varied
in accordance with the conservation of energy in such circuit and such circuit can
have a fixed conductivity or a variable conductivity dependent upon the
conservation accumulation or utilization of energy in such circuit and according
to the pressure or electric potential in the main which as before stated may be
variable and dependent upon the units of energy desired to be transmitted through
the circuit for instance if the ordinary working pressure should be 10,000 volts
through an electric circuit conveying at such pressure 1000 horse power of energy
into the translating or discharging circuits (with or without accumulating or
converting devices adapted to make the translating working or discharging circuits
independent of the main circuit or circuits for a given time or intermittently
alternatively or consecutively either automatically or otherwise) by the employment
of the devices or means in the discharging circuits for varying the conductivity or
sectional area of a portion of such circuits it is practicable (the main circuit or circuits
being suitably insulated either partially or entirely) to increase the units of energy
transmitted through the main electrical circuit or circuits to any extent to which
the insulation will permit I therefore construct my electrical conductors insulated
or partially insulated, with return by earth or the reverse or so as to provide 'an
insulated circuit with the derived loop or branch circuit having translating devices
or working resistances connected in multiple are multiple series or series and I
provide the necessary maximum insulation upon such main circuit or circuits or
portions thereof and the branch or derived circuit or portions thereof through
which the high tension current or currents are transmitted or designed to be
transmitted. The dorived circuit circuits or branches each consist of a single or
multiple conductor whose conductivity or the number of individual branches or
terminals will be regulated through the medium of the device.
A single conductor or a multiple of conductors or branches of varied or uniform
conductivity represents the conductivity in such portion of the circuit so as to
provide for conveying and limiting the units of energy diverted from the main
circuit at each branch or derived circuit or feeder and in order to provide for
reducing regulating or varying the forces in the discharging or working circuits
irrespective of the force or dependent upon the force tension or electric potential
in the main circuit and dependent upon the number of lamps heaters motors or
other translating devices in or out of operation and with or without other
converting accumulating storing or regulating devices such as accumulating or
induction devices electro chemical gas batteries or magazines or a combination of
them with switching or commutating devices combined with electro magnetic
devices adapted to provide for the storage of energy or for the transformation of
alternating into continuous currents or vice versa or to provide for the distribution
of continuous or alternating currents in the same system as may be desired.
The translating devices or working resistances are connected in the working or
discharging circuits so as to provide for translating (into light heat or motive power
or for other purposes) electric currents supplied from the main circuit or circuits
and derived circuits or branches therefrom so as to constitute multiple arc multiple
series or series circuit with or without utilizing the earth or a partially uninsulated
circuit as a portion of such circuit or one or more of the circuits (with or without
the employment of conserving or accumulating or current transforming devices
adapted to render the discharging or working circuit or circuits independent of
the charging circuit or circuits for a given time) the supply of the current to such
discharging or working circuits or to the translating devices or working resist inces
being regulated. through the medium of the device provided with a series of
conductors or the equivalent thereof and adapted to operate so as to provide for

page_text: conducting the currents into the working or translating circuits and for varying
or stopping the supply dependent upon the consumption in the circuits at different
houses or works or translating devices or groups of thom. The construction and
arrangement of such device adapted to form a portion of the circuit is such as to
provide for varying the current passing and the potential in such circuit or circuits
by decreasing the carrying capacity or conductivity of such portion of the circuit
or circuits automatically dependent upon the conservation accumulation or
consumption of energy in such circuit or circuits. It is necessary as is well
known to limit or vary the supply in such circuits and this may be regulated by
resistances adapted to be rendered operative in the circuits through the medium of
the translating devices themselves or through the medium of accumulating or storing
devices so that the supply in the discharging or working circuits will be controlled by
the resistance in such circuits dependent upon the resistance in the derived or loop
circuits therefrom in which the translating devices are adapted to operate (with or
without accumulating storing condensing or induction devices being employed
therein as converters or regulators of potential)
In carrying into practice this portion of my invention relating to the regulation
of the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits and the variation
of the force in the discharging or working circuits I employ the improvements
described in the Specification of the former Letters Patent herein referred to I
provide for regulating and varying the tension of the current by the employment
of conductors or channels provided with increasing or decreasing sections with a
minimum of conductivity in the circuit between the translating devices and the
main charging circuit. The conductivity of such portion of the circuit provides for
conveying the necessary supply of energy into the translating or working circuit
or to the accumulating or converting devices and for regulating the supply and
tension of the current transmitted from the main charging circuit irrespective of
the difference of the electric potential between the main circuit and the working
or discharging circuits.
In the Specification of the said former Letters Patent I provide for increasing the
conductivity of the discharging and working circuits or in other words decreasing
the resistance and making the discharging or working circuits practically
independent of the main charging circuits and in the Specification of my former
Letters Patent N° 24 A.D. 1883 I have provided for varying the conductivity in
the derived loop or branch circuits with or without the employment of devices
for accumulating or storing energy in the discharging or working circuits.
In order to effectually accomplish these results I sometimes provide a series of
conductors or branches forming part of the device as herein more fully described
each of which or one of which represents a fraction or the mimimum consumption
of energy in such translating circuits or the maximum consumption possiblo through
one of the translating devices or working resistances in such circuits employed or
designed to be employed in the translating or working circuit or circuits. The
conductivity of the derived branch or loop circuit through the device from the
main circuit to the series of branches or sections of such circuit is such as to
provide for conducting the maximum supply of current through the translating
circuit or circuits when all the translating devices in such circuit or circuits shall be
in operation providing the force of the current or the electric potential in the main
circuit shall not be below some pre-determined standard which is preferably of
high potential and thereby provides a certain supply and for reducing the sectional
area or weight of metal employed in the length of the main electrical circuit. In
the circuit extending from the branches or sections I can employ a conductor or
conductors having a greater amount of metal in a given length or of such section
as to provide for offering less resistance to the passage of the current through the
portion of the circuit leading from the device to the translating device or devices
than an equivalent length of the portion of the circuit to or formed through the
medium of such device a conductor or conductors may be led from the device or
conductor to each translating or other device for utilizing or conserving or

page_text: accumulating electric energy or a single multiple are parallel circuit or a series of
circuits may be employed from which derived or loop circuits are carried in which
the translating devices or the conserving or accumulating devices are adapted to
operate or a combination of them
Where independent circuits are employed leading from the devices and adapted
to operate in conjunction with the branches or sections by making the carrying
capacity of the section of the conductor of a conductivity suited to supply the
current necessary for each translating device or other apparatus the resistance in
the circuit will be regulated through the medium of the device adapted to operate
in such circuit as the section or conductivity of the regulating portion of the
circuit is decreased in proportion as the force of the current from the main charging
circuit is to be reduced in the discharging circuit but I prefer to employ a circuit
making device which is combined with an electro magnetic or other device as
at so as to operate automatically and be adjustable for the purpose intended
This circuit making or regulating device may consist of conical spherical or other
suitably formed plunger or movable part of conducting or non-conducting material
or of both conducting and non-conducting material and of a single conductor or of
a series of conductors the series of conductors being insulated from each other so
as to form part of the discharging or working circuit to or from the regulating
portion of the circuit forming part of the device so that the current will operate
upon a magnet or solenoid or an electro magnetic or electric translating device
which is combined with means adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of
the circuit through the device in accordance with the variation of resistance or the
consumption of or utilization of energy in the circuits through the medium of the
translating devices or working resistances adapted or to be supplied therefrom or
operate therein with or without devices or means in such circuit for accumulating
conserving or storing electric energy. Instead of forming the branches or series of
conductors upon or with the movable piece being insulated from each other they
may terminate in proximity to the plunger or circuit making device or be adapted
to be included in the electrical circuit consecutively through the medium of such
device dependent upon the number of translating or conserving devices or the
consumption utilization or discharge of energy in or from the working or
discharging -cuit. I sometimes employ a series of these devices mounted upon
a rocking beam or shaft so as to constitute a compound circuit maker electrically
or otherwise operative for reversing the current through an electrical circuit or for
cutting an accumulating or converting device out of the charging circuit and
placing another accumulating or converting device in a working or discharging
circuit or for regulating the electric potential in the circuits of the same or for
varying the potential with or without the medium of a weight or spring for
maintaining a set variation or regulation. This device may be coupled in a
derived multiple arc, multiple series or series circuit with or without being
combined with measuring and recording devices and with or without being
controlled by inagnetic devices or devices of simple or compound form adapted to
operate or be controlled through the medium of an independent circuit or circuits
provided with a simple or compound circuit maker at a distant point or station or
in a signalmans cabin combined or otherwise with a centralized system of circuit
makers through the medium of interlocking mechanism such as is described or
illustrated in the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my
behalf. Each of the branches or sections of the conductors of reduced or minimum
conductivity may represent the amount of energy necessary for a single translating
device say one incandescent lamp or the smallest possible fraction to be consumed
through the medium of any one of the translating or utilizing devicos.
In constructing this circuit making and regulating device I sometimes so arrange
these branches or sectional conductors that they are insulated from each other such
branches or sectional conductors consisting of very fino wire or strips of metal or
foil and I sometimes interpose pyro-insulating material between them so that they
are separated from each other their points occupying a position above or in
-

page_text: advance of each other spirally or otherwise so that one conductor after another can
be placed in circuit either as the stationary or movable portion of the circuit. In
constructing such devices or portions of the circuit in multiple I sometimes provide
for electrically depositing the conductors upon sheets of insulating material say
asbestos and support them one above the other or deposit or mould or fuse thein
in recesses dovetailed or otherwise.
: The conical spherical circular pyramidal or other suitably formed plunger or
rotating circuit making device may be adapted to fit closely in a case or box of
insulating material through which the conductor or conductors extend the
insulating material and conductors being enclosed within a suitable casing (metallic
or otherwise) with means for attachment to the main electrical circuit by a screw
coupling or couplings or otherwise
The circuit making dovico is so arranged as to be supported in bearings or
guides and is provided with an axle or extension for connection with the core of
a solenoid, electric motor, pressure valve or float or other device which is adapted
to be operated through the medium or action of or the work done by the electric
current passing through the translating or discharging circuit or to or from the
conserving or accumulating device or devices or through the medium partly or
entirely of the action of an electric meter or electro magnetic device with or
without compressing or pumping devices valves or floats gas meters thermo electric
meters or thermo electric regulators or any combination of such devices in the
circuit or derived circuit or both adapted to operate in the discharging or working
circuit or a portion of the circuit through the medium of a derived circuit
therefrom or both such circuits.
In order to obviate firing or to ensure good contact I employ a liquid, metallic
or otherwise in the circuit making or regulating device or the like. I sometimes
employ mercury and cover the same with an insulating liquid for instance paraffin
glycerine or the like. Or I sometimes provide for regulating the conductivity
through the medium of a non metallic liquid between the metal conductors. In
the normal position of the circuit maker it is only possible for a minimum amount
of current to pass but as each translating or other consuming or utilizing device is
placed in the circuit through the medium of their independent controlling devices
one or more branches or working resistances are thrown into the circuit by reason
of the fact that the switching device displaces the mercury or other liquid in
proportion to the current passing by which provision is made for the movement of
the circuit making device through the medium of a solenoid or other device which
can be connected in a loop in multipe arc multiple series or otherwise in a derived
circuit from the discharging or working circuit with or without operating upon the
portion of the circuit to an accumulating or independent converting device or
devices adapted to provide for making the discharging circuits independent of the
main circuit through the medium of switching or commutating devices operativo
through the medium of an electro magnetic device or a thermo electric device, a
compressing pumping device or other suitable devices or any combinations of them
with or without measuring and recording devices for indicating the consumption
conservation accumulation or utilization of electric energy in the discharging or
working circuit.
In some cases I arrange these devices in combination with the devices or means
for measuring or representing the current or a portion of the current passing through
the discharging or working circuit or the main derived circuit so that the circuit
maker is maintained in the desired position partly or entirely through the medium
of the devices or means combined with the meter or adapted to provide for or
operate in conjunction with the device for measuring the current. For this purpose
I sometimes employ (within a chamber for instance) a pressure valve float or a
mercurial column and a plunger or displacer which is mounted in guides or
supports or upon a rocking beam or shaft provided with rockers or excentrics and
with or without locking or engaging faces and with or without a spring or weight
BO that the pressure of air or gas or the height or column of liquid in the chamber

page_text: or the expansion or contraction of the device for the measurement of the current
will permit of or cause the movement of the circuit making device so as to vary
For instance within the
the current passing in the derived circuit or otherwise
tube I employ a liquid which extends to the two ends thereof the said tube being
so formed or provided with reservoirs or chambers at each end that there will be
a column of liquid (metallic or otherwise) of equal heights or different heights at
each end and I provide a float or governor which has combined with it a circuit
maker plunger or displacer adapted to fit into a chamber suitably insulated the
plunger being composed of insulating or conducting material so as to provide for
the completion or interruption of the derived circuit (for high or low tension
currents) with or without the employment of a good liquid conductor metallic or
otherwise or an insulating or bad conductor or a combination of them. I.some-
times employ these combinations or a liquid of low conductivity or an insulating
liquid for the purpose of obviating firing or to more efficiently control and operato
with high tension currents the derived circuit in such cases terminates either as a
single conductor or a series of branches in points or otherwise through any suitable
insulating material (preferably silicate) moulded to the desired form. Or I some-
times unite or form the ends or parts of a thin film or part formed by moulding
or deposition and consisting for instance of platinum copper nickel silver or an
alloy of one or more of the same or other metals and I preferably employ a conical
semi spherical pyramidical or wedge shaped displacer or plunger composed of
insulating or conducting material. When insulating material is omployed the
liquid conductor will provide for the completion or interruption of the electric
circuit dependent upon the height of such liquid or the surface of the conductors
thrown into contact. Or in some cases I complete the circuit through the movable
piece or plunger.
This circuit maker is supported in suitable guides so as to provide for a vertical
rocking or rotating movement and is combined with the coupling box of the circuit.
The movable piece or circuit making devices are somewhat similar to those already
described for regulating or varying the electric potential or supply of energy into
the translating or working circuits and are adapted to be used for regulating or
governing the supply or consumption of energy or the electric potential or supply
of the current or to provide for consecutively or alternately charging accumulating
conserving or converting devices or as commutating or switching devices or cut offs
for conserving or accumulating devices electric motors generators or for other
purposes. And I sometimes employ a series of such devices either with vibrating
Oscillating or end wise moving pieces or rotating shafts or a combination of them as
commutators or switching devices for the above named purposes or for the purpose
of varying the conductivity or internal resistance in the discharging or working
circuit or for varying the internal resistance of a developing storing converting or
regulating source or device with or without varying the resistance of the external
circuit or the devices in such circuit or the devices adapted to be combined in such
circuit (as working resistances for the conservation regulation or utilization of
electric currents in parallel circuit or series through the medium of a centralized
system of conductors extending to the grouping box or commutating device. This
device is applicable in the equipment of electric engines or other vehicles for
traction purposes or for elevators hoists or other portable objects adapted to be
operated over fixerl or determined circuits or from fixed or determined points or
places and I sometimes combine with such system of circuit making conductors a
special circuit maker or key or a series of them (interlocked in the combination
automatically or otherwise dependent upon the position of some other circuit
maker) which provides for the completion of an electric circuit between some part
of the accumulating or storing devices forming some part of the electrical equipment
of a wagon vehicle or train or the motors for propelling the same or other portable
objects with the fixed portion of the electric circuit with or without accumulating
conserving and converting or regulating devices in one or more of the circuits of
the stationary part or parts of the system

page_text: In some cases in the construction of the circuit making or regulating devices for
varying the conductivity in an electric circuit I stamp or mould the portion in the
form of a cone pyramid wedge shaped or similarly formed piece of very thin sheets
or films of metal say platinum iron nickel or copper or a highly refractory metal or
alloy of metal so as to provide a minimum or uniform conductivity in any given
section. Or I provide a form of insulating material and coat such insulating
material mechanically or in any preferred manner with some other material
carbonaceous or otherwise) and subsequently deposit electrically or otherwise) the
metal or alloy for instance platinum_nickel iron copper or a metallic alloy as aforesaid
and thereby provide means for the employment of a uniform increase or decrease
of conductivity in the electric circuit through the device dependent upon the
position or relation of such device in an electric circuit in which a liquid of low
or good conductivity or a combination of them is employed as before described.
When the movable part or parts of such device is or are suitably connected with an
electro magnetic device say the core of a solenoid magnet or magnets is or are
suitably wound and adapted to be energized by the current passing through a
circuit or a discharging or working circuit as before described with reference to the
regulating devices the part will be raised or lowered and thereby provide for
the displacement of the liquid dependent upon the consumption of energy or the
number of translating devices or resistance in the circuit and thereby regulato
the surface of conducting material upon the cone or pointed piece in contact with
the liquid metallic or otherwise or both and consequently vary the conductivity of
such portion of the circuit in accordance therewith. When the liquid is at the
lowest point and the point of the cone is in the insulated liquid or merely touches
the metallic circuit the conductivity of the circuit is preferably normal when used
as a regulating device in the derived circuit from the main but when used as a
circuit controller for regulating the speed of machinery or an electric motor or for
the development of an electric current from a producer or source I sometimes work
under reverse conditions that is to say the cone or movable piece and the liquid
portion of the circuit in the normal condition represents the maximum conductivity
and as the speed of the motor, or shaft increases or reaches some predetermined
maximum a mechanically or electrically operative governor combined with the
shaft or axle of the motor or the shaft or axle of a steam gas or compressed air
engine water wheel turbine or windmill provides for decreasing the conductivity in
the generative portion of the electric machine by varying the height of the column
of liquid and such circuit making device may be connected or combined with the
steam or air or gas supply for steam engines gas or compressed air engines or with
the gas or liquid fuel supply or the damper for the supply of air for the firing of
boilers or furnaces or thermo electric generators or the governor of a wind mill or
the water supply, to a turbine or with electric circuits secondary or subsidiary
accumulating devices mechanically or electrically or both.
In some cases I employ such device as an automatic cut off in the electric circuit
between the generating or producing source and an accumulating conserving or
storing magazine or converter or a series of them but in such cases the normal
position of such device may provide for a minimum of conductivity or a high
resistance in such portion of the electric circuit from the source and I employ a
counterweight or spring to provide for such result, and employ the main circuit or
a branch thereof so as to provide for operating the circuit making device when a
current of sufficient force shall be developed. Or I may employ a mechanical
governor or other means whose position is dependent upon the speed of the shaft.
I sometimes employ a second device of this kind in the electric circuit working
under reverse conditions with a branch or loop in which the electro magnetic or
electric translating portion of the device is placed so that in case there should be any
backward flow of the current towards the generator or generators or transmitting
source the column of liquid will be lowered and the conductivity of the circuit reduced
to a minimum or interrupted by short circuiting the current to the source causing
the backward flow. By the employment of circuit making devices with a multiple

page_text: of conductors in the main electrical circuit or adapted to operate in the developing
portion of the circuit or at the source with or without accumulating or storing
devices and by combining such switching and circuit making devices with the cut
offs to the steam or gas engine or the cut offs dampers or valves to the combustion
chambers or the gas or fuel supply pipes thereto for firing and with or without
combining such controlling devices with recording and measuring or automatic
cut off devices which indicate or stop the conservation or accumulation of electric
energy I am enabled to provide for regulating or varying the generation or develop-
ment of the current or to maintain a uniform pressure or supply through the
electrical circuit and regulate or vary the conductivity of the electrical circuit
either at the generators or elsewhere or throughout the electrical system dependent
upon the height of the liquid or the conductivity of the portion of the electric
circuit which is adapted to be regulated varied or completed through the medium
of a liquid (either a conducting or insulating liquid or a combination of them).
I employ this method of constructing and operating my electric cut offs circuit
making commutating and regulating devices operative by pressure or by expansion
compression mechanically hydraulically pneumatically or electrically pumping
heating or by time mechanism or a combination of such means for cutting out or
putting a portion or portions of the electrical circuit or circuits with or without
accumulating conserving or converting devices in the circuit of the portable or
stationary portion of the system or a or a combination of them or for regulating
the charging or discharging of the accumulating storing or transforming devices or
separating automatically or otherwise the stationary and portable electric systems
for instance in the equipment of an engine vehicle train. elevator vessel or the like
it is important to make good electrical contact and to prevent firing it is also
necessary to prevent through the medium of a' device.the backward flow of the
current and it is also desirable to provide for varying the conductivity of the
electric circuits of or to the motors or convertors or electric magazines according to
the work required to be done or to vary the conductivity of the electric circuits to
or from or the internal resistance of the convertors or magazines or any combina-
tion of them according to the resistance in the discharging or working circuits (of
the train or other portable system) or parts of a system with one or more motors
in parallel circuit series or multiple series according to the position of a compound
circuit and circuit making device or devices forming part of the equipment of or
in connection with the portable system or part of a system such as a train engine
elevator hoist traction cable or the like with or without devices or means upon
such portable objects or a series of them for holding a reserve of power in the
electric circuits for the development of an electric current in the discharging
circuit or circuits therefrom.
In the equipment of an engine train elevator or the like I prefer to employ
devices or means to provide a reserve upon one or more vehicles or upon each
vehicle which is equipped with electrical connections and I employ coupling devices
between each vehicle these coupling devices being adapted to operate or be
operated either automatically or by hand through the medium of a coupling box
into which the meeting ends of the conductors of each vehicle extend preferably
from the upper portion through or between an insulating collar or support into a
chamber adapted to receive the liquid as herein before described the box or casing
formed of metal is adapted to form a permanent attachment and is bolted clamped
or otherwise secured to the framing of the vehicle this box is provided with an
aperture at its upper part and a spring clutch having a sliding or movable piece or
part combined therewith which is adapted to cover the aperture with or without
the employment of an elastic packing between the parts. I provide each vehicle
with these attachments into which a single conductor or a multiple are or parallel
circuit extends and I provide coupling pieces at each end of a flexible conductor or
a series of conductors insulated from each other and covered with insulation; the
end pieces may be of wedge shape or other suitable form and may be provided with

page_text: suitable recesses into which the spring lock or clutch fits or engages so as to tend
to force the part into proper contact or into the liquid contact in the box or lock
the same in position. The part extending into the box and liquid is preferably at
an angle say a right angle to the axial line of the flexible conductor or electrical
circuit. The conductor or conductors extend through the length of the vehicle and
in suitable portions of this circuit either in parallel circuit series or multiple series
or series in parallel circuit. I sometimes employ electric magazines batteries or accu-
mulating devices in groups of two or more I employ automatic switching devices
when I employ electro chemical batteries so as to alternatively or consecutively
charge the same so that one part may be discharging into the working or translating
circuit in which incandescent semi incandescent or other kinds of electric lamps
electric heaters or electro magnetic devices connected or combined with the brake
blocks electric motors connected or combined with the axles of the wheels directly
or through frictional or chain gearing or any or all of such devices are adapted to
operate in multiplo series or parallel circuits or series or a combination of such
circuits and I employ switching devices adapted to provide for turning on or off
the current to or from the translating circuits so as to control one or more or a
group or series of lamps heaters brake blocks or motors as may be desired from
one or more places or points on the vehicle or train and also employ independent
circuit makers for each translating device such as lamps or heaters and automatic
regulators preferably such as are herein described for regulating the discharge in
the light and heater circuits dependent upon the consumption of energy or the
temperature of the compartment or the expansion of some medium in connection
with the heaters as described in one or more of the Specifications of Letters Patent
herein referred to.
It will be understood that as many vehicles as desired may be placed in the elec-
trical circuit with the source or store of electric energy or both and the current may
be regulated as desired with or without reducing the tension from the force in the
'main circuits before passing to the electrical derived circuits along the line or upon
the vehicles or I may charge a series of accumulating devices upon each vehicle by
placing them in multiple are or series parallel circuit or series through the medium
of an insulated circuit or partially insulated circuit in connection with the
stationary source or reserve or store with return by earth or the reverse and I may
employ a main charging circuit with the devices for accumulating or storing energy
upon a series of vehicles with or without including the working resistances on the
engine or the electric magazines thereon and such charging circuit can be under the
control of the engine driver through the medium of a circuit maker upon a switch
board arranged among a centralized system of switches or circuits the main
connections and in some cases all of the connections I preferably make through the
medium of a liquid or liquids as herein set forth. This system of circuits in some
cases consists of sliding bars or rocking shafts having a system of plungers
projections or keys (which may or may not interlock or cross each other) one or
more of which may be combined with an electric circuit through the medium of n
speed regulator or governor and in some cases I connect or combine the circuits to
the motors though the medium of a circuit maker or regulator (and preferably
through the medium of a liquid or a combination of them as before described)
adapted to operate in the electrical circuit so as to place the motors in series or
parallel circuit or with circuits consisting of a multiple series or branches terminating
at the circuit maker or in the same or the equivalent thereof so as to provide for
varying the conductivity of the circuit or series of circuits and for interrupting the
circuit to the motors or reversing the current to the same whether coupled in
parallel circuit or series or multiplo series and I sometimes provide in connection
with this circuit maker an independent circuit maker connected or combined or
interlocked therewith so that the motors can be transformed into generating
machines when it is desired to impede the motion of the vehicles or trains for this
purpose I preferably provide for throwing the elements for developing the current

page_text: nto a series of circuits or in other words increase the internal resistance of the
generator and short circuit the elements of the battery into the charging circuit
herefrom and 1 provide for reversing the polarity of the magnet element or
elements of the motor through the medium of a compound circuit and series of
lungers and compound or independent circuit making devices.
I also employ an automatic cut off in such developing circuit so as to prevent the
backward flow of the current from the magazines when the force of the current
from the generative portions of the circuit falls below a predetermined point or is
less than that from the battery or magazine or magazines. In order to accomplish
this I in some cases employ a derived circuit connected with the developing circuit
in which is included the coil or coils of a magnet whose armature carries one or
more circuit makers adapted to operate preferably through the medium of a liquid
or a combination of liquids as before described; the circuit is normally broken
through the medium of one or more springs or weights and the circuit making
device is preferably of a compound form so as to complete the main circuit and
throw the coil into such main circuit so long as the current passes to the battery
but in case the current is interrupted or reversed the movement of the armature is
reversed and the spring or weight causes the plunger or plungers to return to its or
their normal position and the current flowing from the batteries will maintain the
interruption of the circuit so long as the electrical pressure from the reservoirs is
greater than that from the generators This device is applicable for use in other
circuits for charging magazines or batteries in derived or loop circuit of a parallel
or series circuit in a system of electrical distribution and can be compounded to
any extent so as to provide for charging magazines batteries accumulators or
induction devices or regulators of tension and by the employment of any automatic
cut off and meter device to interrupt such circuit through the magnet when the
magazines or batteries become charged there need be no loss of energy due to
the current passing through the circuit unnecessarily. I prefer to employ a
permanent magnet for the core or armature having a polarity reverse to the active
pole of the magnet.
In the equipment of the vehicles or electrical circuits with motors. I preferably
employ machines whose elements are arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction
with each other in such a manner as to obviate the reversal of the current one or
more times during each revolution of the armature or in other words to oliviato
the use of commutators. In order to provide for changing the circuits or
controling the direction of the current in the developing circuit when the
machines are to operate as generators for impeding the motion of a train or for
charging accumulators for the production of light or heat or for other purposes
upon the train and I employ a compound circuit and circuit maker whose normal
position (when the train is stationary or when the developing circuit is inoperative
or of less forco than that from the accumulator) provides for separating or
disconnecting the generator from the accumulating devices or magazines and the
construction and arrangement of the circuits and cut off devices are such that ns
to govern the direction of the current to the accumulators dependent upon the
direction in which the vehicle is moving for instance by the employment of a
compound solenoid or magnet or an electric motor whose normal position is
governed by a spring or weight the relative position of the circuits will be governed
dependent upon the direction of the current transmitted through the elements and
by the employment of stops the position will be maintained so long as the current
is flowing in one direction and is of sufficient force to operate the device against
the spring or weight or I sometimes combine these with a locking armature of
compound construction or a clutch arrangement electro-magnetically operative from
a derived circuit in parallel circuit or otherwise so as to maintain the circuit with
less expenditure of energy this circuit making device is arranged so that it will be
operated to either branch dependent upon the direction the vehicle is moving and
by the employment of machines with or without commutators I readily provide
for operating in the charging circuit of the battery in the proper direction the

page_text: various combinations of cut offs and regulating devices being employed as herein
provided for in some cases I provide for controlling these circuits from the driver's
or guard's department through the medium of an independent circuit maker of the
system; by such means the current can be transmitted to the electro magnetic
devices adapted to control the direction of the current and through the medium of
the compound automatic cut offs as before described I am enabled to decrease the
power expended in maintaining and regulating the circuits by locking or holding
the device electro magnetically through the medium of an armature with engaging
faces adapted to fit into or engage with corresponding parts so as to lock the same
against the force of the weight or spring and automatically break the circuit or
increase the resistance in the circuit to the prime electro-magnetic device which
caused the adjustment of the circuits
I am enabled under such method of working to avoid any unnecessary waste or
expenditure of energy. I employ independent circuits or derived circuits for the
electric heaters and I employ automatic cut offs adapted to complete or interrupt
the electrical circuit through the medium of a liquid as herein provided for and I
combine with such circuit making devices thermo regulating devices adapted to
regulate the consumption of energy in accordance with the temperature of the
material or room or space to be heated as herein set forth and more fully described
in the Specification of some of the Letter Patent herein referred to. Such
independent circuit is provided with electro magnetic devices counterweighted or
the equivalent thereof so that when they are in their normal position the circuit is
closed or the reverse or the circuit maker can be adapted to operate with a
counterweight which is combined with a compound translating device say solenoids
or electric motors for instance a disc motor or a motor having its element or
elements adapted to operate in conjunction with one or more poles of permanent or
electro magnets so as to operate without a commutator. I employ a compound
circuit maker and circuits in such case at the operative point so as to provide for
reversing the current through such circuits and I sometimes employ a dash pot or
liquid to steady the action or position of the piston plunger or moving part of the
regulator such device being especially applicable (on trains or moving objects)
or I sometimes obviate the use of regulating devices by the resistance of the
translating devices which are connected in parallel circuit; series or multiple series
circuit making devices may be arranged in each compartment and also controllable
through the medium of an independent circuit extending to the drivers or guards
compartment of the train or both such compartments. The circuit will bo
controlled by the employment of a return circuit or derived circuit therefrom in
which the solenoids or electric devices are arranged and adapted to operate against
the force of a weight or an adjustablo spring which is adapted to so operate as to
maintain a minimum or maximum conductivity in the circuit as arranged preferably
through the medium of a multiple of conductors or a plunger or conical piece aud
liquid as described with reference to the circuit making device so as to provide
for varying the conductivity of the circuit in accordance with the temperature of
the compartment or room or the expansion or temperature of the heater thermo
electrically through the medium of thermo electric elements or the heat or volume
of the liquid contained in the heater as described in the Specifications of certain of
the former Letters Patent herein referred to In order to provide for automatically
applying the brakes in case of the separation of the vehicles by accident breakage
or otherwise or upon undue compression of the buffers, I employ a derived branch
or independent circuit which is adapted to supply the energy for energizing the
electro magnetic devices connected with the brake blocks, or connected with the
valves of hydraulic vacuum or air compressing or Steam brakes or other devices for
impeding the motion of the train any excessive movement or jamming of the
carriages will apply the brakes to each carriage or the vehicles of the train
collectively such arrangement can be applied on each vehicle or on the engine i
only when the electrical circuit extends throughout these contacts may be made by
the buffers being forced against springs during the latter part of their movement,

page_text: In carrying this into practice I arrange in a portion of the electrical connections
containing the electro magnetic devices a circuit maker whose normal position when
the vehicles are connected will be interrupted. I sometimes employ a movable link
or a flexible coupling which is stretched across or between the carriages and thereby
breaks the circuit upon one or both adjoining carriages the springs or other force
causing the immediate completion of the circuit the connection being adapted to
operate against them electrically or otherwise; the brake blocks may be mounted
upon hinged plates carrying electro magnets the normal position through the
medium of a weight or springs being clear of the wheels or braking surface the
brake blocks may be detachable wearing plates of cast steel or iron forming
the keeper of the magnets of horse shoe form. In some cases the electrical
connections from each vehicle are adapted to be placed in electrical communication
with the permanent or fixed portion of the electrical circuit with or without the
medium of a liquid in the circuit preferably a liquid say brackish water. I can
employ a flexible connection or a vertically sliding piece maintained in its normal
position by a spring or weight so as to interrupt the circuit and be of sufficient
height to clear all obstructions on the line 1 employ plungers or contact makers
held in position by a spring or weight so as to interrupt the circuit upon the
vehicle these plungers are preferably adapted to operate in conjunction with a
liquid or combination of liquids as herein provided for and I sometimes connect
them with the core or armature of a solenoid or magnet which is included in the
derived circuit of the main charging circuit. When the current flows into the
electrical circuit on the vehicle the solenoid is energized and its core carrying the
plunger of conical or other suitable form is acted upon or drawn downwards against
the force of the spring or weight through its support or guide until the liquid is at
its greatest height and the maximum conductivity afforded in such portion of the
circuit. In some cases I lead this derived circuit to an automatic cut off device in
conjunction with the accumulating or storing device or devices on the vehicle
adapted to be charged vivified or revivified through the medium of the charging
current transmitted from the source or reserves through stationary portions of the
electrical circuit for instance when I employ electro chemical batteries I may
employ electrolysis or an accumulation of gas evolved by the process of electrolysis;
the deposition may represent the work done or the energy stored and by means of
a weighted rocking lever or a rotating cylinder provided with suitable blades or
elements adapted to revolve in a suitable inetallic solution and connected with or
through the medium of the liquid forming part of the derived circuit which
represents a certain portion of the current passing the accumulating device may be
cut out of the charging circuit when some predetermined amount of energy is
stored but I prefer to employ a pumping or a compressing device which is combined
with a motor the receiver or chamber into which the air or liquid is pumped being
adapted to represent the conservation of power in the reservoirs and upon some
predetermined pressure or height of the liquid the charging circuit will be
interrupted through the medium of the float or valve or other suitable means
either with or without electro magnetic devices and means connected or combined
therewith in the circuit until the pressure or height of liquid shall be reduced
which will be dependent upon the consumption in the translating or discharging
circuits from the said reservoirs or magazines By combining the translating circuit
through a derived circuit in parallel circuit or otherwise with an electro magnetic
device combined with a valve or other governing medium which provides for
reducing the pressure or the height or column of liquid in accordance with the
work done in the translating or charging circuit and also for cutting out putting in
or varying the conductivity of the charging circuit to the accumulating devices. I
am enabled to provide for the governing device to operate in a reverse manner to
that in the charging circuit and in exact proportion to the work done in the
discharging circuit or the decrease of the energy stored. Or I may employ the gas
evolved from an independent electro-chemical battery which will operate in a
Bomewhat similar manner or I may employ a gas battery as a governor for the

page_text: electro chemical battery and the gas may be recomposed by connecting the gas
battery in the discharging or translating circuit with the electro chemical battery
or I may employ a gas battery. solely having decomposing and recomposing
chambers or parts by such means the decomposing chamber or elements being
connected on a loop or derived circuit from the main charging circuit and
the recomposing elements and chambers or convertor with or without other means
of regulating or varying the electric potential being connected in the discharging
or controlling circuit in any preferred manner the charging and discharging
circuits become absolutely independent in their working The strength of the
resorvoir is the limit and the pressure is the regulator and operates one or more
cut offs in the charging circuit through the medium of valves or floats or electro
magnetic devices adapted to be operated from the decomposing chamber with or
without being controlled partly by the current or a portion thereof in the
discharging circuit from the recomposing chamber or part, or I may heat a liquid
air or gas in an independent chamber or reservoir or collapsible or expansible vessel
and dependent upon the temperature of the liquid I regulate or stop the charging,
the circuit may be controlled through the medium of a float or otherwise through
a mercurial column or contact piece adapted to be controlled in its movement by
the pressure of gas evolved in the battery and with or without electro magnetic
devices for breaking the circuit to the electro chemical batteries when some
predetermined pressure is reached. The current in the derived circuit in all cases
represents only a fraction of the current passing. The magazines or convertors
upon the vehicle or train may be charged with a minimum resistance by short
circuiting or coupling them in multiple arc or parallel circuit or by the employment
of a multiple of branches or feeders or multiple series circuit connected with
the elements so as to reduce the internal resistance of the accumulating or
storing devices or a series of them charged alternatively consecutively or
collectively and they may be connected in the discharging circuit coupled in series.
Or I may reverse this method of working and connect the elements of the
magazine or magazines or accumulating device or devices in the charging circuit
in series and in the discharging circuit in which one or more motors or sections of
one or more motors upon one or more of the vehicles are adapted to operato
in parallel circuit or through the medium of compound circuits and circuit making
devices, I provide for varying the force of the current in the discharging circuits
by decreasing the resistanco in the notor circuits or the internal resistance of the
magazine connected in the discharging circuits or both or the reverse as may be
desired and I sometimes combino this centralized system of circuit makers and
circuits in the grouping box or otherwise upon the engine or in the driving
department so that one or more of the same shall interlock with one or more other
circuit makers or the circuits leading thereto so as to provide for the proper
relative working of the charging and discharging circuits or so as to provide for
directing a portion of the current from the stationary portion of the system either
through an independent circuit or a branch from the main charging circuit into the
motor circuits for propelling the vehicles while charging the accumulating or
storing devices. And I sometimes provide regulating or converting devices in the
charging circuit or stationary portion of the electrical system and the portion of
the circuit in which the motors are adapted to operate. I accomplish this by the
employment of a multiple of circuits and a circuit maker or a combination of
them so as to provide for varying the conductivity of such portion of the circuit
preferably through the medium of a liquid or a combination of liquid with or 5
without such circuit making device being connected with the speed regulator or
governor combined with the driving mechanism or axles. Or I provide special
converting devices such as induction plates coils or condensers or in other words
accumulating devices by which I provide for increasing the length or varying the
conductivity or surface charged or resistance in the charging and discharging 5
or working circuits by the employment of a commutator or switching device which
may be combined with an electro magnetic device or motor or with the driving

page_text: mechanism or axles so as to provide for alternatively consecutively or intermittently
changing the connections at the charging and discharging circuit. I sometimes
effect this by means of a metal circuit or plates and a plunger or series of plungers
adapted to operate between the plates or outside of them and provide for increasing
or decreasing the height of the liquid for instance I may employ two or more
plates having a V-shaped form arranged in close proximity to each other each
plate may be connected with the terminals or conductors from the source or
reserve through the medium of a plunger which is adapted to displace the liquid
and thereby cause it to increase the surface of the plates in contact therewith or
in other words to decrease the resistance. By supporting these plungers upon a
suitable rocking or rotating shaft one or more sets may be adapted to be in the
charging circuit while others will be in the discharging circuit as will be understood
from the description contained herein.
I sometimes merely decrease the conductivity of the electric circuit through the
medium of a conical pointed or equivalently shaped part forming a portion of the
circuit or a multiple of circuits in the main charging circuit or a branch therefrom
leading to the motors and I sometimes combine this multiple circuit or converting
device with a circuit making device of compound form adapted to connect one or
more of the motors in series multiple series or parallel circuit.
In the electrical equipment of the vehicle or train I employ an electrical circuit
which is controlled from the driving department (with or without being controlled
from the Guards department or other portions of the train) through the medium of
a circuit maker which is arranged in the grouping box with or without being
interlocked or combined with one or more of the other circuit inakers for instance
the circuit maker for controlling the passage of the current to the devices for
propelling the vehicles. This circuit is preferably an independent circuit in which
electro magnetic devices are adapted to operate upon circuit makers arranged to
operate in conjunction with the electric circuit or circuits (from the reserves of
electric energy upon each vehicle) in which are included the electro magnetic
devices having connected or combined with them the brake blocks or devices.
I sometimes provide a main charging circuit extending throughout the length of
the train (with coupling devices between each vehicle) and control the circuit from
the driving compartment of the train through the medium of a circuit maker so
that such charging circuit may be placed in electrical communication with the
stationary portion of an electric circuit while the trains may be moving or
stationary or both or in connection with the main magazine or store of
energy upon the engine. I sometimes provide for short circuiting this electrical
circuit through the medium of suitable connections and switching devices
upon each vehicle so that the electrical circuit upon each vohicle can be
placed in the electrical communication with the stationary portion of the circuit
from the generating or developing source or from the reserves of electric energy
or both. The accumulating devices may be adapted to operate in series or
in parallel circuit and may be alternatively or consecutively or collectively charged
suitable connections and circuit making devices being provided for this purpose
and automatic switcbing or cut off devices being provided to operate in the
derived circuits from the main charging circuit so as to prevent the passage of the
current into the electric magazine or magazines when some predetermined amount
of energy shall be stored as herein described.
I may employ currents of higher tension for charging these magazines than
those desired to be used in the discharging or translating circuits or the reverse.
Under my method of varying the conductivity of the electrical circuits and of
regulating or varying the conductivity to or from the magazines or convertors and
working through the medium of liquid in the circuit I an enabled to charge or
vivify the magazines or convertors coupled in parallel circuit or multiple or short
circuited or in series or continuous lengths with currents of high tension either
upon the vehicles or trains or in the stationary portion of the system or both.
In the construction or equipment of an electric engine tramcar or vehicle I prefer

page_text: to apply the motors of the greatest diameter possible directly to the driving axles.
I sometimes however employ chain or link gearing for connecting such motors
with the axles. In order to obtain an extended surface and provide for the vertical
movement of the main portion or body of a vehicle and parts connected there with
permitted by the springs I employ a series of plates cut or moulded in the form of
rings or sections of rings having the diameter necessary for the armature. Upon
these rings (which may or may not have dovetailed recesses therein formed by
casting or otherwise) I mould or deposit electrically or otherwise the conducting
element in the form of a continuous coil each bar or section of which is connected
with the bar or section on the opposite side of the support and led to the external
circuit to rings or to commutators according to the arrangement of the inductive
poles in which they operate in conjunction with the armature or armatures that is
to say when I employ inductive poles so arranged as to provide for the current
always flowing in one direction through the elements connected with the external
circuit. I employ rings mounted upon and insulated from the axle and when the
poles and elements of the armature are arranged otherwise I provide commutating
devices.
I preferably employ the machines without commutators and employ two or more
rings upon and insulated from the axle to which the element or elements of the
motors are connected in serios or parallel circuit or I may employ two or more
independent sets of rings one set connected with the element elements or part of
the same in series or continuous lengths (through the medium of rings upon and
insulated from the axle) the other set being connected to the element or elements
in parallel circuit derived circuits or branches to the independent sections or
lengths or sections of the continuous element or elements so as to short circuit the
same or reduce or vary the internal resistance of the machino these short circuiting
devices are connected with the elements of the armaturo so that the current enters
with or without passing through the helix of the inductive pole or poles of such
section to the conducting portion of the same element or part of the element
arranged so as to be under the inductive action of a pole of the opposite
denomination arranged at different parts the poles are preferably adjacent to and
on opposite sides of the end faces of the armature and diametrically opposite ou
opposite sides of the axis of rotation and I employ a series of rings or plates of
magnetic or non-magnetic material each of which may be adapted to operate in
conjunction with independent poles or with all the poles united to one fruine or
support magnetic or otherwise the pole pieces being cut away or arranged so that
their consequent poles or parts in a straight line lengthwise of the armature can be
at an angle to the axis of rotation the short circuiting devices in such case being
arranged in accordance therewith Two or more sets of poles may be arranged in
like manner in conjunction with each ring or armature under this construction I
am enabled to employ sheet or plate metal in continuous rings upon which my
conducting element or elements is or are mounted preferably in grooved or
dovetailed recesses the conducting element having each section bar or surface
connected with the bar or surface like a continuous coil similar to a Gramme ring.
I provide apertures notches or recesses through the support magnetic or otherwise
for carrying the conductor or element so that each section can be connected with
its continuation on the opposite side of the said support this conducting element
can be a continuous coil and be short circuited or connected in the external circuit
at one or more or any number of points and the quantity and tension of current
transmitted therefrom or utilized therethrough will be dependent upon the
conductivity of such portion of the short circuit and the length of the conducting
element operated upon under the influence of the pole or poles or in utilizing such
machine as a motor dependent upon the force or tension of the current transmitted
and the conductivity of the short circuiting branch or series of them it will be
understood that currents of different tension can thus be taken from or utilized
through the same machine through the medium of a series of rings and short
circuits and suitable electrical connections. The rings may be mounted upon

page_text: or secured to a non-magnetic hub by clamping bolting or rivetting or by
arranging them in a mould adapted to maintain the plate or ring in position and
receive the molten metal so as to form the hub or series of these rings may thus bo
united upon an axle or I sometimes mould or cast the hub with projections adapted
to tit into corresponding parts of the rings, these parts are planed or slotted so as to
fit closely or are cast in metal moulds under pressure so as to provide for the parts
so formed being perfectly true and I slide one plate or ring after another on to the
hub with separating or bracing plates between them which separating or bracing
plates are also moulded or otherwise constructed to fit exactly and maintain the rings
the proper distance apart; these rings are first provided with a conducting element
which is connected with the external circuit through the medium of bars running
lengthwise of the hub through grooves or openings provided for the same to the
rings collectors or commutators at one or both ends of the axle. These rings
or collectors I preferably arrange in cups or chambers containing a liquid say
mercury; the elements may be connected in series or in parallel circuit with or
without being in the same circuit as the helices of the field magnets which may
also be connected in series or parallel circuit so as to constituto one or more
magnets or individual magnets. In some cases I so arrange the pole pieces that
they occupy a position or extend between or towards the axis of these rings so as to
increase the surface and bring the plates in close proximity to the inductive
elements connected with the external circuit these polar extensions connected with
the rings or parts may be independent of each other or may be combined upon
magnetic or non-magnetic frames so that they may be supported in position by
bars or framing extending lengthwise of the axis so as to allow the vertical
movement of the parts permitted by the springs Each portion of these magnets
may be connected to a continuous bar of magnetic or non magnetic material and
may be held in position by projections or supporting parts through the medium of
the projections or engaging parts formed upon these rings or sectional magnets
which fit into the corresponding parts of the frame adapted to receive them or
these rings or sections of the magnet may be provided with lugs or extensions
through which bars pass lengthwise of the axle through distance pieces or washers
which separate the different rings or sections on either side of the ring armatures.
These magnets as well as the armatures may be wound with continuous coils the
conducting material being preferably secured upon them by moulding or by electro
deposition so as to form a continuous coil or coil having a series of sections with
each section connected to the one on the opposite side. The stationary and
movable elements inay be connected in parallel circuit multiple series or in serios
and the consequent poles established dependent upon the point of the introduction
of the current or these magnets rings or plates may be joined alternatively so as to
constitute a kind of spiral or continuously coiled magnet which forms the
conducting element with or without being coated or coil'd with copper or other
conducting metal insulated from the magnetic core the armature rings or plates
may be formed in a somewhat similar manner and may be adapted to fit between
the blades rings poles or helices of the magnet or magnets. The elements of the
armature connected with the external circuit being connected to the rings or
commutators by extensions or terminals extending lengthwise of the axle through
the apertures or open parts of the hub or support carrying the armature
the plates or supports of the conducting element or elements of the armature
may be formed into a continuous coil of inagnetic material connected in the
-circuit or otherwise and with conducting material deposited thereon by fusion
by moulding by electricity or otherwise so as to form one or more sections
of a continuous coil connected in the external circuit at two or more points
as herein described. The conducting elements may have the form of a divided
concentric ring section or sections or coils connected to a section or similar
section or coil on the opposite end or face of the support of the armature,
either alternatively through the support (magnetic or otherwise) connecting each
-section in series or simply for completing the electrical circuit these sections are
D

page_text: L
so connected that the currents induced therein or utilized therethrough provide
for the current passing in one direction through the circuit at all times while the
machines move in one direction either as a generator or as a motor.
In some
cases I employ conductors arranged radially with connecting bars or links at an
angle thereto so as to connect them at their ends through or arround the support
magnetic or otherwise either as the fixed elements or field magnets or the armature
independently or collectively with or without means for short circuiting or varying
the internal resistance of the machine through the medium of independent or
compound circuits as before described with reference to generators regulators or
current transformers The conducting elements or sections or parts adapted to
operate in conjunction with or under the influence of opposite magnetic poles or
fields are so connected so that the current flows in the same direction continuously
through the element or elements connected with the external circuit either as a
motor or generator and with or without including the field magnets in the main
circuit or a shunt therefrom or I can employ permanent magnets as one portion of
the machines as it is not necessary to reverse the polarity of the magnets in the
reversal of the working of the machine as a generator and I sometimes employ an
independent circuit for including the magnets in a circuit in which the current
always flows in the same direction. I employ a compound circuit maker with
compound contacts for this purpose when using the machine as a motor. In the
construction of the plate or sections of the armature I sometimes employ malleable
cast iron which has been been formed under pressure in metal moulds the rings or
sections being formed with concentric or radially formed recesses and projections
into or upon which the conducting elements are deposited or formed by moulding
fusion or electro deposition the sectional length or coil of such elements are
connected through openings or alternatively and continuously over and around the
support or ring. I sometimes place this form or support in a lathe and by utilizing
templets and gauges or other devices I make every section or part thereof perfectly
true and sometimes cut or form dovetailed or retaining recesses or projections upon
or through the supports so that the conducting element will be maintained in
position either by the contraction of the molten metal or the insulation or holding
surface whereon the metal is deposited or by fusing the ribbons or bars in the
proper positions.
In moulding the conducting material upon the forms or supports I preferably
heat the mould and force the molten metal into the spaces not occupied by the
said form or support with the terminals extending therefrom for connection to the
bars with or without means for short circuit as described. I have described
these conductors and elements as constructed of thin plates with the inductive
elements principally upon the end faces the poles being arranged accordingly but I
also provide for constructing machines with the elements connected in the external
circuits and adapted to operate in conjunction with inductive poles arranged in
other positions relatively to the inductive elements connected with the external
circuit or circuits for instanco I may employ arms or concentric rings of a magnetic
or non-magnetic material or materials extending lengthwise of the axle and fitting
in polar extremities or between poles or between the arms of a magnet somewhat
similar to that before described these arms or projections may extend from both
sides of the centre line of the hub and be secured in position by bolts clamps
dovetailed projections and recesses with or without the employment of molten metal
for securing the parts in proper position or by arranging the sections ready for use in
the machine or they may rest upon a ledge of the supporting hub or be formed or
moulded with it
In order to provide for the deposition of the metal in coils or strips as before
stuted I sometimes apply an insulating coating either mechanically or otherwise
and subsequently apply a suitable metallic paint or carbonaceous coating to the
parts where I wish to deposit the metal by electro or chemical deposition Under
such method of constructing the elements of my machines I am enabled to obviate
the use of insulation upon or over the conducting. elements of the armature, and

page_text: magnets and to provide for their operation in close proximity to each other thereby
increasing the efficiency of the machine I sometimes coat or cover the adjoining
or adjacent faces of the armature and magnets with a thin coating of insulating
paint or material or with copper or with a metallic alloy so as to prevent oxidation
and in some cases I coat the core or body of the armature in a similar manner
(with or without first applying an insulating paint or material) and subsequently
form the conducting element thereon or I employ the first deposit as the conducting
element which may be in the form of a coil as will be understood from the previous
description. This method of constructing magnetic elements or the elements of
electromagnetic devices is applicable in the construction of solenoids magnets and
armatures and in order to obtain greater surface I sometimes form the end of the
magnets semispherical conical pyramidical or wedge shaped with the armature in such
cases being formed reversely-Ring magnets and solenoids may also be provided
with coils in a similar manner to that above described the conducting elements
being secured in dovetailed grooves or recesses and I preferably employ a conting
of good conducting metal or an alloy adapted to operate in close proximity to the
core or the solenoid with or without an insulating stud or ring
In the arrangement of the motors upon the axles of the vehicles or electric
engines I mount the magnets upon the bed plate or framing secured to the girders
or framework of the engine and preferably resting upon or supported by the
springs in the ordinary manner so as to provide for the vertical movement of such
framework and the parts supported thereby and so as to obtain a greater working
surface than hitherto, practicable in the construction of electric engines. The
armatures and magnet blades arms rings or poles may be (more or less) in thickness
dependent upon the diameter of the armature or armatures. An armature or
series of armatures under this construction six feet in diameter and occupying a
space four feet long can be readily applied to the axles of eight feet driving wheels
with the ordinary track gauge. I can thus obtain by the employment of such
armatures upon the axles of two pairs of driving wheels more than 1000 feet of
surface adapted to operate in immediate proximity to the poles of the magnets.
1 employ a series of rings armatures or blades adapted to operate into or between
the blades arms rings or poles of the magnets which extend towards the axis and
are supported by the framing as before stated. Each ring or blade of the armature
may be adapted to operate in proximity to poles of opposite denomination on the
sides of each blade ring or section with or without operating over the periphery
thereof and at or towards the opposite sides of the periphery of the armaturo or
sections thereof the connections to the commutators or rings being made as herein
described or in any other suitable manner. I sometimes secure the magnet
supports directly to the frame or both through the medium of bars or supports
extending in a line with or lengthwise of the axle and on both sides at one
or more points; these bars supports or connections extend across or over the
periphery of the armatures the blades rings or extensions of the magnets being
provided with suitable distance pieces or separating strips or blocks or these
distance pieces may be formed with or upon the arms or polar extensions of the
magnets by moulding or otherwise By the employment of two or more of such
machines upon the oxles of the driving wheels it will be practicable to run at a
high or low speed with greater economy than when motors of the ordinary
construction are employed for traction purposes. It will be understood that these
motors can be compounded to any extent and be connected in parallel circuit
multiple series or series but I prefer to regulate and vary the conductivity of the
charging circuit through the medium of a series of circuits and a plunger of conical
or equivalent form which is preferably adapted to operate in the circuit through
the medium of a liquid as herein described with reference to the device and other
regulating devices and I operate with high tension or pressure and regulate
through the medium of condensers induction or other forms of accumulating
devices or a combination of condensing or induction devices adapted to operate
in the charging circuit or from the magazines or reserves or source of electric

page_text: energy upon the engine or tender or both. Or I regulate from the main reserve or
source such as gas, electro chemical or other forms of batteries or sources of supply
forming part of the electrical equipment of the engine or vehicle or of the stationary
I sometimes
portion of the circuit or system or any combination of them.
provide for útilizing the metal of the engine's wheels and the track so as to act
with or form part of the magnet or magnets and the coils of the magnets may
be adapted to be included in the circuit with earth the armature being insulated
from earth and the conducting elements or coils for the magnetization of the said
magnets or of the armature or both may be adapted to operate in conjunction with
the main circuit of supply and the insulated portion of the circuit or with the
circuit from the reserves or the current transformers or any combination of them
so that the circuit will be completed in order that the motor may operate as a
working resistance in the circuit of supply either as an insulated circuit or between
earth and an insulated rail or portion of the circuit which may be the charging
or return portion of the circuit with or without accumulating or storing
devices connected there with or with the generating devices or storage source
or both and with or without tension converting transforming or reducing
devices or pressure regulators or a combination of them in proximity to the
line or between the source of supply and the working resistances upon the
vehicle or train or portable object and a switching or controlling device or
devices in the circuit or grouping box and with or with out a series of
circuits and connections for throwing the motors into the main charging circuit
and the magazines into the charging circuit of the main while running over
an electrical circuit or with or without a series of circuits and commutating or
switching devices or a centralized system of switches in a grouping box or switch-
board with a suitable arrangement of circuits and switching devices for throwing
the accumulators magazines or converting devices in series or for reducing or
varying the conductivity of the circuits or devices or parts thereof in such circuits
whether charging discharging or working circuits or any combination of them in
.series or parallel circuit. I preferably arrange the devices for varying the con-
ductivity or resistance of the circuit to operate through the medium of a liquid or
a combination of liquids as described for regulating or varying the force or tension
of the current from the charging circuit or the magazines or reservoirs or both.
I preferably employ liquid as before stated for completing the electrical circuit to
the magazines upon the vehicles from the stationary circuit or I sometimes
complete the circuit through the wheels from the earth circuit and make return
by the insulated circuit between the lines and the adjustable connections or circuit
closer I employ cut off devices in the charging circuits to the magazines which
cut off devices are operative automatically or by hand or by time mechanism as
berein described and the main charging circuit may supply a series of derived
circuit or stations houses works or districts provided with electrical circuits with
or without the employment of the pressure regulators or condensing or induction
devices or electro chemical or electric gas magazines or a combination of them
adapted to operate between the sourse of supply and the translating devices in the
working circuits on in the circuits of the distributing stations as will be understood
from the description herein and in accordance with the height or column of liquid
or a combination of liquids the conductivity of the circuit can be regulated auto-
matically or manually or both and, the conductivity of the circuit or the number of
magazines or the length of the accumulating surface thrown into the circuit will
be in accordance with the resistance of the motors passing over the line or the
resistance or conductivity of the regulating and converting portion of the electrical
circuit through the medium of a multiple of conductors as described with reference
to the device as herein provided for. I have described the construction of armatures
with coils attached thereto or mounted thereon; under another construction in the
same class of machine and especially for use on engines vehicles or portable objects
I sometimes form or secure the coils on plates provided with recesses and projections
into.or upon which the conducting elements are secured as described and in order

page_text: to secure these plates in position and to provide for their operating in close
proximity to the polar extensions or arms adapted to be in close proximity to the
end faces of the armature I provide counter sunk recesses into which the rivets or
bolts fit closely and I provide nut-locks for the bolts or secure them in position by
forming flattened parts or recesses upon the screw end which terminates about
flush with the face in which I provide a sloted recess into which I pour moulten
metal this recess being of such form as to provide for the metal in cooling firmly
securing the parts in position and in some cases I provide for securing the rings
plates or sections in position through the medium of dovetailed or suitably con-
structed or arranged parts so that I am enabled to employ molten metal which
when cool clamps the parts firmly together either directly upon the hub or upon or
to the arms rings or supports so that the inductors and their supports will be
arranged radially or concentrically and be adapted to fit into or between the arms
or extensions of the magnet or magnets according to the construction of the
machines as before described. Under another modification I deposit form or place
the conducting elements upon rings forms or support (magnetic or otherwise) and
employ such elements upon each side of the form or support for instance I may
employ a disc ring sheets or ribbons of insulating material say paper vulcanite or
other suitable insulating medium which may be moulded or compressed into shape
and I paint stamp or photograph upon the same the form desired for the conductors
such form being suited to the construction of the machine I then deposit electrically
or otherwise upon the portions having affinity for metal the conducting elements or
coil connected continuously as before described and subsequently deposit theroon
after the application of an insulating material a coating of iron or an alloy of iron
with nickel or other magnetic material and a coil may be formed of such inagnetic
alloy by deposition and with or without being coated with a better conducting metal
or alloy superposed coils or elements may thus be formed of magnetic and conducting
metal or of magnetic metal solely one or both of which may be connected in the
external circuit with or without including the field magnet coils of permanent or
electro magnets in parallel circuit or series or independent circuits or shunts. In
securing the series of blades or armatures and the wings blades or extensions of the
magnets in position upon an electric engine, I sometimes so arrange the parts that
each section can be detached independently of the others but I prefer to so
construct the machine as to avoid any possibility of ineffectiveness and with as few
parts as possible firmly secured in position and under proper construction a
machine may be so made that one piece forms the key to the whole armature or
group of magnets. In the construction of large machines or armatures I may
employ a fly wheel ten feet more or less in diameter with the plates or rings
carrying the inductors (with each conductor connected alternatively or in the form
of a coil with or without superposed layers as before described the conducting
elements being preferably formed by deposition or moulding) so as to form the
spokes or support for the rim such plates ring or supports may be moulded with
the rim and hub or secured thereto by moulding riveting or bolting or a combination
of thein or by forming the hub clamps on one side as the key and forming the
plates so as to fit into grooves or recesses or engage in suitably fitting parts of the
rim the plates or ring carrying the inductors will be forced firmly in position
against the side of the hub (with or without insulation) the hub being preferably
of non-magnetic material and the inductive poles being arranged in any preferred
manner but preferably in such a way as to obviate the use of commutating devices
I preferably employ a series of these wheels mounted upon the same axis For
Instance all the south poles may be arranged on one side and all the north poles
on the opposite side the elements being connected to rings upon the axle which
ings may or may not fit into recesses or boxes containing a liquid such as
mercury or an insulating liquid or a combination of them and with or without the
coils of the magnets (permanent or electro magnets) being connected in the circuit
nd with or without current transformers electric magazines or translating devices
n the circuit in multiple series parallel circuit or series and with or without

page_text: utilizing the earth as a portion of the electrical circuit for induction or otherwise
and with or without using the current transforming or regulating devices as herein
provided for.
In the construction of machines for application to the axles of vehicles I
sometimes provide for using the driving wheels as the support for the armatures
plates rings or sections in boxes or otherwise so as to be adapted to operate in
conjunction with one or more armatures preferably a series as described between
the wheels; under such an arrangement I provide for utilizing the entire space
between the wheels and also provide for the vertical movement permitted by the
springs or the wear of the journal boxes and I obtain a maximum of surface in
close proximity to the inductive poles all of which features are important in the
construction of electric engines. I enclose the entire machine or series of machines
within an iron or other casing secured to the girders of the engine or vehicle with
or without the employment of non-magnetic supports or insulation between the
said casing and the machine. The pole pieces may extend lengthwise of the frame
and consists of long bars or plates of metal extending the entire length of or the
entire distance between the two sets of driving wheels and such bars may be
provided with arms or poles of semicircular or other suitable form the bars being
secured midway between the wheels and at the back and front of the armatures
and at the top and bottom and by the means of dovetailed slots or projections and
distancing strips or blocks which are so fitted as to be secured together the parts
can be arranged in position and keyed bolted clamped and nut locked or otherwise
secured so that the parts must maintain their proper working position and at the
same time permit the vertical movement allowed by the springs any endwise
lateral movement being obviated by suitable braces across the frame and the
shoulders upon the axle adapted to operate in conjunction with the journal boxes
so as to prevent lateral movement. I sometimes employ a multiple of circuits
extending to a series of rings or commutators upon the axle so as to provide for
short circuiting the elements or compounding the machine and I sometimes employ
a cut off device or devices so as to compound the machine or to make and break or
to vary the resistance in the circuit intermittently and regularly such cut off
device or devices may be operated by a crank and connection geared with the shaft
or axle of the engine so as to alternately or consecutively or until the speed
is reduced vary the supply or so as to cut the magnets out of the circuit.
I preferably employ for this purpose a reciprocating arm carrying a plunger of
conical form adapted to operate in a liquid or I employ a ring of insulating
material carrying metallic blades which fit into their respective recesses in a box
so that cach department will be distinct the shaft extending through the same and
being connected with the axis of movement I can employ liquid in this box as
described with reference to other circuit makers and arrangements of this kind
may be employed in the construction of the grouping boxes for controlling the
electrical circuits upon the vehicle and the shaft may be combined with a handle
through bevelled gearing or screw gearing so that the grouping box may be
arranged against the side or front of the engine and thereby occupy but little
space The various cut off and indicators for regulating the charging and over
charging and for varying the conductivity of the electrical circuit to or from the
magazines or motor circuits or main charging circuit or the discharging circuits
throughout the train or any combination of them are preferably combined or
adapted to be controlled through the medium of circuit making devices so
constructed as to operato in conjunction with the conductors or bars extending
through or into the grouping box and into the cups or recesses into which the
blades or plungers are adapted to fit and operate for the completion of the circuits
through the medium of a liquid or spring contacts or a combination of them as
berein described this arrangement of circuit making devices is applicable for
central stations for charging magazines accumulating or storing devices in derived
circuits or loops in series multiple series and parallel circuit or for converting
transforming or regulating devices or a combination of them connected in the

page_text: derived circuits in which electrical motors are adapted to be operated and
combined with the converting storing or circuit regulating and cut off devices as
herein described.
In the construction of batteries or magazines for the accumulation or holding in
reserve electric energy I provide a special construction and arrangement of parts in
building or equipment of engines railway carriages or other portable objects
either as electric gas magazines or electro chemical magazines I construct the tank
for my tender of iron or other suitable metal and line the same inside with lead or
other suitable metal with or without being covered with some insulating
elastic or earthy vitrious coating which is applied to the interior of the tank
and to the interior braces or cross ties and chambers and I provide grooves
or recesses into which the electrodes or elements are adapted to fit and bo
secured by suitable insulating cement or insulating partitions or strips or
insulating or separating material of a porous character for instance_pulverized
pumice stone wood fibre asbestos slag wool or the like which I apply to:
the electrodes or portion thereof as hereafter more fully described or in some
cases I employ iron or copper tanks or iron or steel lined with copper with an
insulating or inoxidizable lining I employ in the construction of the electrodes
metallic foil sheets plates or boxes of lead or other metal with or without recesses
and projections aperatures or corrigations and with or without being rendered
porous by the extraction of foreign substances metallic or otherwise chemically or
by heat or mechanically with or without the employment of materials in a finely
divided state. I sometimes divide the electrodes in these tanks into compartiments
so that they may operate independently of each other in the charging or discharging
circuit or so that the magazine may be more readily built up or repaired in case of
accidents and also to give increased strength to the magazine and prevent any
movement of the electrodes or elements or sections or parts thereof in the
framing or respective chambers or holders.
In constructing my electric tender or magazine or the magazine as electro.
chemical or gas magazines forming part of the equipment of the engine I forin the
holder into compartments of square parallelogrammatic octagonal or other suitable
form so as to obtain the greatest surface in a given space and provide for the
elements adapted to be charged vivified or revivified being in close proximity and
separated from each other Under one construction and these elements are adapted to
fit closely in these chambers with insulation surrounding them such insulation being
applied to the portion of the supporting chamber of the magazine or by a covering
upon the elements which exactly fits the chamber or carries or the elements can be
secured in position with a suitable metallic chamber box or tube or a series of
them which fit so as to fill the compartment or are adapted to fit upon and within
the framing so as to prevent any movement. The framing may consist of plate or
angle iron extending across and notched into each other and secured to the main
framing these dividing strips may be provided with recesses adapted to receive
and bold the boxes or compartments constituting or containing the elements series
of the dividing and supporting strips are arranged 'one above, the other or the
compartments or boxes are provided with projections or recesses adapted to fit
parts corresponding reversely on cross pieces or the main framing cap or covering
(with or without an independent and detachable covering for each) secured in
position by bolts and nuts clamps screw-bolts or otherwise such main covering
or series of them can be adapted to provide for covering or opening the main
chamber in which these sections of the elements of the magazines are placed
for instance in the construction of a tender for operation on Railways the
metal framing would not in appearance materially differ from that of an
ordinary tender or water tank arranged upon a special truck or as at present
arranged at the side of the boiler or upon the engine which framing as before
described is composed partly or entirely of metal and in most cases will be mounte:]
upon the axles through tho medium of the springs supported by the axles each.
compartment containing the elements is provided with a tight fitting and preferably

page_text: metallic cover with an elastic and insulating packing which is secured in position
by keys nuts and bolts screw bolts or otherwise or a series of compartments may
be closed and tightly sealed by one cap or covering so as to provide for utilizing
the space now occupied with coal being for the storage of power electro chemically
or through the medium of gases or otherwise by charging vivifying or revivifying
such magazines while running or stationary from the permanent or fixed electrical
circuits. In some cases I employ the elements with their greatest width or length
arranged vertically across the line of the axis or the reverse with or without being
in detachable compartments.
"
In some cases I divide or form the tank into a series of compartments with the
metallic framing or cross pieces or plates which I coat or cover with an insulating
material or cement and in some cases I make provision for the electrodes or
elements of my magazine sliding into the recesses or between the projections and
in order to secure them firmly in position within such recesses at the ends I employ
an insulating material or cement with which I fill the space so as to secure the
elements firmly in position I prevent these elements from coming in contact by
coating them with insulating material such as asbestos wood fibre slag wool
pumice stone or other materials which are first mixed with some suitable adhesive
material. I apply such coating to the elements which may consist of metal sheet
plates or foil and pack them closely together either in pairs coiled upon themselves
or coiled upon each other or the elements may consist of a series of plates or sheets
which lap each other the entire series having their ends combined to their
respective terminals and in order to provide for making good electrical contact and
securing the parts together by lapping plates or sheets so that they extend
beyond the plates of the opposito elements the parts which extend beyond
the ends of the plates are not covered with insulation the other portions of each
plate being covered. I sometimes place these plates or sheets within a mould or
form and compress them together and force in molten lead or other suitable metal
from the bottom of the mould or form at each end thereby securing the plates or
sheets firmly together and at the same time I insert the terminals in their proper
places in the extensions and in order to protect them against oxidation or chemical
nction I provide a suitably formed extension in the mould or form so that the
molten metal employed will extend above or beyond the main portion of the same
and surround the said conductors or terininals. The projections holding the
terminals are adapted to fit in an insulating collar or washer extending through
the lid or covering or instead of employing extensions so formed I sometimes provide
an inoxidizable water tight insulation in which the portion of the terminals or
conductors within the battery is enclosed this insulation may be applied subsequently
when securing the elements in tho proper position within the parts of the magazine
or the compartments designed to receive them the terminals or conductors preferably
extending through the aperture lids covering ends or sides of the casing which are
closely sealed with insulating material either as a permanent arrangement or by
insulating packing pieces clamped or screwed into position. In some cases I
provide for separating the elements by slight projections of insulating material
extending from or placed upon or between the plates previously covered with the
porous insulation so as to permit the free circulation of the liquid. These plates
may be of lead or other suitable material or they may be composed of carbon or
metal sheets coated with lead or other suitable material or one of the plates may
be formed of carbon and the other of metal or I may use carbon or coke
granulated or moulded or compressed within moulds into molten lead with or
without such molten metal being mixed with some metal or substance which can
be extracted by chemical means heat or dissolution and such plates may be
provided with apertures recesses or projections upon or within which the active
agents will be supported the porous insulation being subsequently applied. In
some cases I provide the plates or elements with coupling links alternatively
through each other or at their ends so as to provide for alternate sections of the
positive and negative elements being coupled in series I also provide extensions. for

page_text: short circuiting or coupling the sections at various points throughout the length of
the elements or the series of elements through the medium of the terminals which
are combined with the extensions from the elements as described I prefer
however to always operate upon the length of the element and sometimes form it
with slits or cuts or of a ziz-zaz form or in the form of rings or discs or with an
aperture or insulation in the centre so as to prevent short circuiting across the
element and also to provide for uniformity in the charging and discharging of the
elements and to provide for the employment of compound terminals which are
connected at various points throughout the length of the elements for short
circuiting or throwing the elements into multiple series circuit or to provide for a
series of circuits as translating or working circuits from the elements connected in
continuous lengths or tension series. I carry these extensions through insulation
and protect them as before described this arrangement is also applicable when I
employ boxes or chambers in which granulated or pulverized materials are
employed. I may lead the terminals out at the sides of the chamber and from
opposite ends of the elements through the insulation and sides or through the
insulation solely and the elements may have their greatest length in a perpendicular
or horizontal line or at an angle thereto or may be of curved corrugated or angular
form I sometimes employ a structure or metallic casing similar in appearance and
in mounting upon the engine to an ordinary locomotive boiler with insulation in
the inner portion as described with or without the metal being coated with lead or
other material the elements may extend lengthwise of the structure of cylindrical
semi cylindrical flat corrugated or other form and be superposed side by side or
parallel and connected alternatively or continuously through end plates or
insulation or an insulating cap from which the terminals extend to the switching
devices for regulating the charging and discharging as herein described or the
elements may be arranged in two or more continuous coils or rings or sections
thereof like as a series of discs or rings having their opposite ends or sides connected
alternatively or coupled in the usual manner the arrangement of the elements may
be completed before putting them into the chamber and the entire structure of
elements can then be slipped into place and insulation poured in so as to secure the
same provision being made for contraction so as to prevent loosening; this may be
accomplished by one or more recesses dovetailed or otherwise extonding around the
inner portion or at the ends or I may place one element after the other in position
and cement them in position one after the other with the necessary insulation or
separation preferably through the medium of porous insulation Or I sometimes
provide the desired insulation by employing thin sheets of perforated metal upon
which I apply the porous insulation. Or I reverse this construction and employ
porous insulating sheets and deposit electrically or otherwise the form of the
element upon the opposite sides thereof first coating the sides mechanically or
otherwise with some material (carbonaceous or otherwise) that has atlinity for
metal under such construction the elements are brought in close proximity and
without the possibility of short circuiting or the failure of the insulation Boxes
or elements having the form of discs or Hat rings may be employed and be filled
with metallic oxides or other suitable material to provide for the conservation
of power electrically when placed in the electrical circuit with the source or
reserve. These elements may be forced and held firmly in position against any
end wise movement by an end piece provided with lugs which are adapted to pass
into recesses and be turned so as to grip a heavy flange so that the end piece can
be forced home against the packing I also provide for bolting this end piece through
the flanges and I preferably employ a packing piece of insulation between the
elements and the end piece or covering.
In order to provide for the attachment of the conducting bars or coupling links I
sometimes provide openings at the top and bottom of the cylinder or chamber or
a channel through which I lead the conducting bars or terminals or provide for
their attachment or I may provide a detachable cap or cover for this purpose
which cap or cover may be removed at pleasure the conductors being curriel back

page_text: through a channel under the same to the grouping box or system of circuit makers
as herein described. Terminals may be secured at other parts in a similar manner
and be connected in parallel circuit or for short circuiting or in a continuous circuit
or in multiple series in the electrical translating circuit or in the main charging
circuit with or without other magazines in the circuit in one or more of the
vehicles or in the main charging circuit. I sometimes construct these magazines.
with the elements plates sheets boxes or otherwise secured in cement or insulating
materials at their ends or upon all sides or packed in a somewhat similar manner
in metal casings having parallel sides as upon a tender or at the back of the
driving department or at the side of the motors in the same position relatively
thereto and of about the same form as the water tanks of steam locomotives. In
the tank provided with parallel sides with a detachablo cover or covers at the top,
I sometimes coat or cover the plates with porous insulating material on one side
only and embed these plates in insulation on their ends or edges and fill in
between each set of plates or in the boxes with or without openings or porous
sides the active material metal metallic oxides or salts or metallic substances in a.
pulverized granulated or porous condition with or without being mixed with
carbon or coke. I sometimes arrange openings or traps with suitable piping and
valves below the elements so as to provide for drawing off the liquids or
removing the solution or material employed and cleansing the elements or
magazine by washing or otherwise by passing suitable solutions through inlets
leading thereto from the upper portion of the elements this arrangement can be.
made applicable for all the reservoirs and the same devices may be adapted to
regulate the force of the batteries according to the height of the liquid which may
be varied at will by forcing air into an expansible vessel or chamber or bag placed
in the liquid supply portion or by pumping apparatus which may be operated by
hand, or through the medium of a pump driven from the axle and by means of
governing valves_adapted to operate in the pipes between the air reservoir and
electric reservoir I can provide for increasing or decreasing the height of the liquid
by letting off the air which serves to vary the height of the column of liquid
instead of using a pump for forcing air a similar arrangement may be used for
pumping liquid into a reservoir which is adapted to be used in conjunction with an
electric reservoir through the medium of pipes and valves these valves may be
combined with an electro magnetic device or speed governor so as to regulate
the force of the current in the discharging or charging circuit or both. This
arrangement is applicable for cut offs or stopping regulating or varying the
consumption of fuel steam or gas or the speed of shafts operated by compressed air
water wind or other means or for cutting out or putting in electric magazines in
the charging circnit and may be used as electric meters or governing devices at a
generating source or in derived circuits in an electrical system of distribution and
may be combined with the circuits through the medium of electro magnetic
devices combined in the circuits or derived circuits (charging or discharging or
both) as described with reference to other cut offs or regulating devices. The
elements are adapted to be in such close proximity that the amount of liquid
displaced will be very slight and the height of the liquid can be indicated by a
gauge placed in the driving department and as the force of the battery weakens
the pressure can be increased thereby increasing the surface and decreasing the
resistance. In electro chemical batteries I sometimes use independent plates placed
between the charging plates in the batteries these plates or elements may be
secured in position and connected to the charging or discharging circuit or these
metal plates as before stated may be perforated or porous and support porous
insulation or be formed of porous insulating material and coated with metal. The
elements of the battery may be so formed and the space between the opposite
plates or surfaces may be filled with the metallic oxides or metal in a finely divided
state with or without being mixed with carbon or coke or porous metallic plates
for instance lead may be interposed between these surfaces and in contact
with them.

page_text: In the construction of electric magazines I sometimes employ granulated
naterials and solutions separated by suitable metallic diaphragms plates or tubes
porous or perforated which are coated with insulation or otherwise as before
described so as to support the active agents with or without the metal diaphragm
or portion being in action these plates or supports of cylindrical or other form are
insulated from each other at the ends or edges and are connected continuously or
otherwise with the external circuit preferably as described and through the medium
of a liquid say mercury för instance. The metal or material employed in the plates
or conductors within the active portions of the magazines is entirely dependent
upon the metallic oxides or material and solutions used. Iron or other metal may
be employed with or without being coated with lead and I may employ acid or
alkaline solutions according to the materials used and I sometimes employ the
oxides of aluminium in combination with suitable conducting material or plates
and insulation or deposited or placed upon or between suitable insulation.
Magazines constructed as herein described are applicable for all purposes in an
electrical system of distribution as well as for use in the equipment of portable
objects or systems.
A similar construction of magazines is suitable for the storage of electric energy
through the medium of gas evolved electrically or otherwise and the clements may
be connected alternatively as herein described or one chamber may be arranged
above the other or inside of it and the terminals in the discharging circuit may be
led therefrom through insulated caps which I preferably form somewhat conical so
as to provide or fit into counter sunk recesses and make a tight joint adapted to
resist the pressure of the gas from within the chambers. These boxes or chambers
may be of such a form as to be adapted for use in the construction of the magazines
herein specially provided for the pipes for the introduction of the gases into the
converters or recomposing chamber being led from the main reservoirs to the lower
portion of the converters. The extensions or terminals consisting of any suitable
material metal sheets or porous plates with or without being in a fragmentary or
granulated state and with or without being mixed with or coated with carbon or
coke granulated or otherwise are packed into these chambers and the terminals
extend to the generating or developing sources (when on the engine or portable
portion of the electric system) so as to provide for being placed in the electric
circuit automatically or otherwise through the medium of the circuit making
devices upon the engine with or without utilizing one or more of the rails and
wheels of the vehicles other terminals or extensions extend to the circuit making
devices or external circuit. This second set of terminals is adapted to provide for
the development of the current in the external circuit containing the motors and
the electric regulating devices or utilizing devices as herein described I sometimes
employ a metallic framing (preferably perforated) in the construction of these
boxes chambers or elements and embed them in insulation and provide pipes from
the decomposing chamber (such pipes being covered with lead and an insulating
coating vitreous or otherwise) which pipes are connected at the bottom of the
convertor to admit the gases to their respective chambers I connect the elements
in the circuit either alternately or continuously as herein described.
elements are supported in the outer metallic frames from which they are insulated
by pouring in suitable insulating material or otherwise as herein described. One
or more sets of pipes extend from these convertors to an automatic cut off or safety
valve which cuts out the main holder or the main charging circuit the pressure
being indicated upon a dial or by a pressure-gauge or cut off device or by an
electric alarm or both. In some cases I provide for working from the main
holders or convertors constructed to develop less force than that desired in the
discharging circuit or circuits. In order to accomplish this I employ condensers
or induction devices with or without magnetic cores or elements or current
transforming devices as herein described.
The
The pressure-guage or cut off device for the magazines whatever may be its
character or the current or pressure regulator, or the induction or condensing

page_text: devices in which the conductivity of the circuit is regulated or varied with or
without a multiple of conductors or a combination of them may be combined with
(or controlled by) the speed a regulator or governor and circuit controllers and with
the main charging circuit along the rails. The contact piece or wheel which I
form with a curved face or of any other suitable shape is adapted to work upon
the contact plate extending lengthwise of the track. In the construction of these
magazines the main portion may be upon the tender and the converting and
regulating devices be placed upon the engine together with a reserve and the two
magazines may be adapted to operate (through the medium of the devices in series
or otherwise) in the motor or other discharging circuit therefrom or either one
may be employed independently of the other with or without accumulating or
induction devices for regulating the force of the current in one or more of the
circuits in the electrical equipment of the engine vehicle or train. I provide
magazines similar in construction secured to suitable supports under or in connection
with each vehicle so as to connect them with the main charging circuit or circuits
and with these respective circuits containing the translating devices I provide for
charging and discharging these magazines in groups or pairs or as gas magazines
with low or high force currents with or without interfering with the discharging
or translating circuits. In order to secure such magazines them firmly in position I
provide suitable chambers of metal which are secured to the framework of the
vehicles through the medium of lugs and screws bolts and nuts or rivets so that
when attached they will constitute a permanent fixture to the vehicle. Through
these boxes or through the floor or lower part of the frame of the vehicles I pass
tight fitting plungers or cones which are adapted to slide or move or be screwed
into tight fitting cups suitably insulated into which cups the conductors from the
latter terminate preferably through the medium of a liquid in the circuit as before
described I sometimes employ an elastic insulating packing between the cups and
the plunger by this means I am enabled in all cases to ensure a proper contact
The outer casings or boxes of the electric magazine or some parts thereof are
adapted to exactly fit into the case or receiver provided for the same so that it will
be impossible for the magazines to move when in use and to further ensure this
result the door which is at the end of the outer casing and which is preferably on
one side of the vehicle is when being closed adapted to force inclined pieces or
wedges Over or around the magazine and between the same and the casing with
or without the employment of an independent spring or weight lock. I sometimes
so arrange such magazines within their enclosing case or chamber that except at
the will of an operator and with the door opened it will be impossible to remove a
magazine or magazines I also provide locks and keys for controlling the access
to the magazines and to the circuit makers. The arrangement of circuits and
contacts is applicable in all the fittings of the train and may be compounded
When I wish to take off several circuits or make independent connections the
conductors for the elements of the magazine extend through the insulation and
casing and I provide a cup cups or recesses into which the plungers are adapted to
operate as set forth.
It will be understood from the foregoing description with reference to varying
the conductivity of the electrical circuit that I employ either a multiple of
conductors or branches in the main electrical circuit from the generators or
producers or in the devices or the conserving accumulating condensing or
induction devices or a combination of them or derived circuits therefrom with
any of such devices or the translating devices in parallel circuit multiple series
or series as may be desired Or I provide for an equivalent result by varying the
conductivity of the electrical circuit by varying the volume or quantity or height
of a liquid or a combination of liquids (metallic or good conducting with or
without an insulating liquid for covering the good conductor or series of them
or with an insulating or bad conducting liquid) and varying to a mathematical 5
correctness the surface of the conducting material in the devices adapted to be
operative.or. controlled. by thermo or magneto electric devices or otherwise

page_text: dependent upon the consumption or conservation or utilization of electric energy
or the electric potential in the derived circuits with or without accumulating
or storing devices in such circuits or in the main electrical circuits supplied
directly from the generating source (dynamo or magneto electric or otherwise)
operated by gas-engines steam-engines water or wind engines or motors or
otherwise or froin accumulating conserving or converting devices other than or
in combination with the generating source or from the reserves of electric energy.
I sometimes employ such devices for regulating the generative capacity of the
generators of a dynamo or magneto electric machine or a series of them with the
devices coupled in parallel circuit multiple series or series in the main external
circuit or in a derived or shunt circuit therefrom in which is included the coils
of the field magnets either in multiple series or parallel circuit or serios or capable
of being automatically or otherwise changed from one to the other dependent
upon the force of the current or the force of the current desired or the resistance
of the external circuit or for varying the conductivity of the electrical circuit
including the coils element or elements of the armature or field magnet or magnets
of the generating machine machines or sections thereof coupled for high or low
force currents or in a continuous circuit (with or without the reversal of the
current one or more times during each revolution) by the employment of a
multiple of branches of greater or less conductivity independently or collectively
so as to provide for injecting into or ejecting from or short circuiting or
interrupting the sections or parts of the field magnets or armatures or both
from the circuit so as to provide for varying the conductivity of such portions
of the circuit and with or without altering the connections of such circuit from
series to multiple series or to parallel circuit or vice versa automatically or
otherwise or for decreasing the length of such portion of the circuit partially
or entirely as the working resistances in the external circuit may be thrown into
or out of circuit or use so as to vary in parallel circuit multiple series or otherwise
with return by earth or the reverse or by an insulated circuit. This method of
short circuiting is applicable for converting the current from bigh force to low
force or vice versa through the medium of any kind of convertor or electric
potential transformer reducer or regulator or a combination of them and is well
Buited for induction devices condensers accumulators or electric magazines electro
chemical gas batteries and through the medium of the regulating devices or
switching devices and liquid in the circuits it is practicable to utilize and regulate
currents of any force and to provide for the utilization of currents of any potential
or tension or to vary the tension as may be desired even from the same
accumulating storing or converting devices either from the generator or developer
or the transformer or regulator at any portion of an electrical circuit for instance
if an accumulator battery or condensor or induction coils or a combination of them
is coupled in series or connected continuously by leading off from any portion of
such devices derived circuits of less conductivity than would be required to
discharge such part in a given time independent currents may be developed in
the external circuits and the difference in the force of the currents will be in
proportion to the difference of surface or the number of elements in series or the
length or resistance in the devices in such circuits In so constructing motors
generating machines or devices as to provide for such method of working I employ
a multiple of branches leading into the same or main circuit element or coil and
each set of magnets or elements or coil is connected with one circuit by a common
conductor or a series of them and through the medium of the circuit making or
regulating devices with or without being combined with a speed regulator
indicator or controller mechanically or electrically operated as upon the shaft
of a motor or electrically operative through the passage of the current through
the circuit the resistance in which is varied by the translating devices being
thrown into and out of operation and adapted to operate in loop or derived
circuits in parallel circuit multiple are or multiple series and with or without
being combined with devices or means for storing energy in one or more of the

page_text: I
circuits adapted to have their internal resistance varied by such means
sometimes combine the multiple of circuits with a circuit controlling or switching
device or devices operated either entirely or partially by hand with or without
being combined with a speed regulator or governor (electric or otherwise) so as
to provide for placing the armature or field magnets or both of an electric motor
or a series of them in the electrical circuit either in series parallel circuit or
multiple series either with the main electrical circuit directly or through the
medium of a derived or branch circuit insulated partly or entirely with return
by earth or the reverse with or without accumulating storing or converting
devices in the circuit thereto from the developing source or reserve and with
or without other means in the circuit for varying the conductivity or resistance
in such circuit at the generating source or elsewhere. By this means I am enabled
to connect the elements of the generator or storing device or a series of them with
the electrical circuit either in series or in multiple are or series automatically or
otherwise or both through the medium of the compound circuit maker and circuits
in the electrical circuit of the stationary portion or in the equipment of tramcars
engines trains or other portable objects with or without automatic cut offs to
prevent the backward flow of the current by the pressure of gas the height of
liquid springs weights heat electrically or any combination of such means in the
circuits or 'derived circuits from the main charging circuits or the discharging
circuits or between the stationary and portable circuits of the system or in the
circuits adapted to be combined with one or more motors or sections of one or
more motors connected in series or parallel or multiple circuit with or without the
employment of a liquid in the circuit as described.
In some cases I maintain the circuit making or regulating device or cut off in
its normal position by means of a spring, weight, float, or collapsible medium
combined with a stop so that a minimum conductivity is maintained in the circuit
or the circuit is absolutely broken except through the helix of the solenoid or one of
the individual helices. In all cases when suitably regulated the circuit maker will be
automatically adjusted in exact accordance with the resistance in the discharging or
external circuit or any combination of them or in accordance with the speed of the
shaft or the current developed or transmitted in the main circuit or derived circuit
or an independent circuit which represents a certain portion or relation to the
'main circuit or the force or consumption or conservation in such circuit. By these
means the automatic circuit makers and the current passing will be controlled as
the solenoid or other electric translating device combined with the circuit maker
will operate upon the core armature or part in proportion to the resistance in the
circuit and thereby regulate or vary the conductivity of such circuit. I prefer to
employ independent circuits for the motors or devices in which there are wide
variations in the work being done and regulate such circuits in a similar manner
and such device is an efficient governor for a motor and can be adapted to be
operative by a current developed by the rotation or movement of the motor either
from a suitably wound coil or coils or the inductors of the armature or a generator
mounted upon the shaft of the motor for instance a metal, disc or a continuous coil
may be employed with suitably arranged pole pieces as electro magnets or
permanent magnets and with or without commutators I may employ a disc machine
with a sharp cutting or bevelled edge or periphery with the developing element
connected in the circuit through the medium of mercury or a liquid and sometimes
cover or surround this wheel with a shield which will prevent loss of the liquid
'due to centrifugal force I prefer to employ permanent magnets or include the
magnets in a derived circuit from the main. The current developed by such device
or a portion of the circuit leads to the switching device electro-magnetically
thermo electrically or otherwise operated so as to provide for varying the
conductivity of the main circuit or for interrupting and completing such circuit or
for varying the conductivity or resistance of the converting device in the charging
and discharging circuit and maintaining a determined force of current in the
derived circuit at variance with the force of the current developed by the generator

page_text: or at the source. The regulating device for a derived circuit can have the multiple
conductors connected at their ends to one of the derived circuits or conductors of a
multiple arc or other circuit and by the employment of a liquid as before stated or
a series of insulated contact parts and a plunger or rotating piece having an
armature or core with or without being mounted upon a lever or rocking beam so
as to be adapted to be held in position by a spring or weight and be operated by a
solenoid or magnet or a series of them which are combined in the external circuit
of the derived translating working or discharging circuit of one or both branches
in such a manner as to regulate the current passing through the circuit and to
reduce the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits or to regulate
the current in the circuit to meet the variations or fluctuations of consumption
transmission or development by the action of the current through the medium of
the armature core or other means which is depressed or elevated thereby so as to
vary the height of the liquid by varying the surface or resistance in the multiple
of conductors in the circuit or the volume of liquid
I combine with a main or generator circuit a series of accumulating storing or
converting and regulating devices charged in series multiple series or otherwise
therefrom with a current of high tension and reduce or vary the force of the
current in the separate translating circuits by the employment of automatic
switching devices controlled by pumping or compressing a liquid air or gases, or by
the evolution of gas in one or more cylinders provided with one or more pistons
valves or cut offs and with or without a spring or weight or other means for
completing a circuit so as to fire the gas evolved upon a definite accumulation so as
to provide for placing the accumulating storing or converting devices alternatively
or consecutively in the main and translating circuits or such actuating devices can
be combined with recording devices for registering and measuring the current.
By-such means the translating or discharging circuits are rendered independent of
the generator or source of electricity for a given time I thereby control the
movement of the devices for alternately or consecutively making the connection
with the generator or source of electricity or reducing the force of the current in
the translating or discharging circuits
In such a system of electrical distribution the electrical generating devices
electric lamps motors or other translating devices may all be arranged in an
insulated circuit in multiple are or multiple series in parallel circuit with or without
utilizing the earth as a portion of the main circuit as a return or the reverse and
with or without utilizing partially an uninsulated circuit as a portion of the
translating or discharging circuit in which accumulating storing or converting
devices are consecutively alternatively or intermittently thrown into the charging
and discharging circuits through the medium of the switching devices controlled
by electro magnetic or other suitable device or devices adapted to be operated in
proportion to the consumption of energy in the circuit or otherwise the accumulating
or storing devices being combined or connected in the charging and discharging
circuit through the medium of conductors of suitable conductivity to regulate the
current passing or in other words to vary the resistance or conductivity in the
charging and discharging circuits or the number of elements coupled in series or
the length of the element charged or to short circuit same at one or more points
when working into the discharging circuit through the medium of the switching
or commutating devices
I sometimes combine lamps motors or other translating devices with the supply
circuit of high force through the medium of reservoirs condensers induction or
accumulating devices whose elements or parts are alternatively consecutively or
intermittently placed in the charging and discharging circuits through the medium
of a derived circuit which limits the current and a switching or commutating
device having electrical connections and including electro magnetic devices for
altering the circuits by short circuiting or otherwise so as to vary the force of the
current from high to low force through a multiple series circuit parallel circuit or
a series of circuits or vice versa.

page_text: I sometimes employ arc semi-incandescent or incandescent lamps or any of them
in series for special uses. I regulate the force of the current in such circuits by
varying the conductivity as berein provided for through the medium of short
circuiting devices and electrical circuits adapted to provide for transforming high
tension currents to currents of lower tension or vice versa with or without
alternating the current; the lamps may be arranged in multiple are or multiple
series or series the force of the current can be varied or regulated by short
circuiting by a multiple of circuits the elements or length or surface of the
induction condensing or accumulating devices through the medium of the switching
devices with or without the employment of a liquid or a combination of liquid in
the circuit as berein described or for increasing or varying the number of the
. elements in the series or charging or discharging circuit or the carrying capacaty
or conductivity of the circuit through the medium of the circuit making device
with or without a multiple of conductors or with or without a liquid or a
combination of them in the circuit adapted to provide for varying the conductivity
of such portion of the circuit between the high tension portion of the circuit and
the reduced tension through the medium of electro magnetic devices as herein
provided for. I combine with these regulating devices means for working the cut
offs to the steam cylinders gas cylinders or fuel supply gas or liquid or the dampers
for the admission of air with the electro magnetic or other devices as herein
provided for indicating the conservation of energy and the conductivity of the
circuit so as to obviate waste of fuel or power.
I sometimes employ for regulating or varying the force of the current or for
regulating or varying the resistance or conductivity in an electric circuit a
continuous conductor lapped or folded backwards and forwards alternatively or
in the form of a coil each coil or fold being insulated from each other and arranged
parallel or at an angle to each other and at right angles or at an angle to a vertical
axis and I sometimes employ a series of these arranged upon a movable piece or
plunger or upon a stationary part so that the greatest length of the conductor will
represent the greatest resistance And I employ mercury or the liquid conductor
with or without insulating liquid as a covering and adapted to be operated in the
electrical circuit by decreasing or increasing the height of the liquid and increasing
or decreasing the conductivity of the circuit as before stated. through the medium
of a device
I sometimes employ a conducting surface or a multiple of them of a film of metal
upon insulation in the form of a V so that the point of the conductor will represent
the minimum conductivity of the circuit and the resistance will become decreased
in proportion as the height of the column of liquid is increased.
I sometimes provide a series of these pointed terminals with a plunger or
displacer of insulating material between them and adapted to provide for varying
the height of the liquid In some cases such conductors connected with the
discharging circuit is made of increased conductivity in proportion as I wish to
decrease the force of the current in the discharging circuit.
I preferably form these conductors for use in such portions of the circuit by
despositing electrically or otherwise or embedding the same in recesses formed upon
insulating material which forms the walls of the chamber in which the liquid is
placed. Or such conductors may be built up or formed on detachable plates
adapted to fit into such chambers.
In order to provide efficient means for short circuiting the current in case of
undue pressure in the branches, or in any other circuit I employ
liquid for
instance mercury covered with insulating liquid as before stated which is placed in
a box or chamber into which the conductor of the derived circuit extends. I fit a
piston or float which is combined with an electric translating device for instance
the core of a solenoid with or without being combined with a rocking lever
suitably supported and weighted This electric translating device is included in
the return portion of the circuit or in a loop connected with the main so as to
short circuit any excess of current to the return or to the main. The amount of

page_text: the mercury in the main derived circuit represents the conductivity or slightly less
than the conductivity of such circuit or the maximum current designed to be
passed through such circuit. In case there shall be any excess or undue pressure
in such circuit the liquid will be expanded and thereby close the derived or loop
circuit and short circuit the current in exact accordance with the excess arising
from the undue pressure.
I preferably enclose the liquid in the main circuit in a chamber so as to provido
for any possible expansion of the liquid
Or the circuit may be completed from or upon some predetermined rise of the
liquid and the electro magnet or solenoid may be thrown into the circuit and will
actuate the armature carrying a plunger for short circuiting interrupting or
reducing the flow of the current in the derived or main circuit or the rise and fall
of the liquid can provide for completing and interrupting the circuit through a
fixed connection or a series of fixed connections extending in suitable proximity to
the chamber containing the liquid. I sometimes employ a multiple of conductor
or a pointed piece of platinum or iron or other metal coated with platinum silver,
Copper or an alloy.
These portions of the circuit either in parallel multiple arc or series circuit are
arranged in suitable insulation with or without a inetallic casing or box for
connection with tubular or other sections by screw couplings or otherwise which
are preferably so formed as to provide for forcing in and retaining insulation
heated or under pressure.
I sometimes employ as main conductors copper or other suitable metal bars
wires or tubes which are placed in iron casing tubes or boxes with suitable
vitreous or other insulating material between the said main conductor and the
outer casing and I coat or cover the outer casing with a metal or an alloy of better
conductivity than iron say copper with or without employing a protecting or
inoxidizable coating thereon and I sometimes provide projections or arms therefrom
(which may also be coated with metal or metallic alloy to prevent oxidation) to
extend into the earth portion of the circuit, these projections or arius may extend
for some distance therefrom or be connected with water channels water or gas
pipes or railway tracks in order to provide for reducing the resistance to the
derived circuits in which the translating or utilizing devices are included or
adapted to operate in multiple are multiple series or loops in series with or without
condensing or induction devices and with or without devices or nieans in tho
stationary and portable portions of the system to provide for the conservation of
power in the form of electric energy and devices and means to provide for
regulating converting or varying the electric potential as may be desired for any
use or application from current transformers or regulators or parts or sectious
thereof.
When utilizing a natural force such as the wind, tide, the heat of the sun, the
force or fall of water, I provide means to regulate the development of the current
by the conservation or accumulation of the power in the form of electric energy so
as to cut the generator or series out of the circuit by float or valve pumping or
compressing devices and in combination with the shaft of the wind motor. I
employ a weighted governor which will regulate and vary the position of the
blades of the motor dependent upon the speed of the electric generator or the
speed of the wind. The angle or position of a parabolic reflector may be varied.
and regulated in somewhat similar manner through the medium of a second
reflector or part combined with the main electrically or mechanically in fact any
means which provides for converting and utilizing such power may be utilized for
varying the position of such devices dependent upon the heat evolved for instance
through the medium of a liquid colunin and a float or piston which is combined
with the reflector the position will be regulated dependent upon the heat)
concentrated by making the normal position of the reflector so as to be suited to.
he position the sun occupies relatively to the device in the morning and the.

page_text: temperature to be imparted thereby the reflector will be automatically regulated
or it can be operated by time mechanism. I prefer however to form the refector
and chamber containing liquid which is of glass or metal so that the heat will be
utilized through the medium of such liquid either by the generation of steam and
the utilization of the steam for motive power to drive dynamo or magneto
electric machines or by the conversion of the heat through the medium of the
liquid diffuser and thermo electric elements which are preferably coupled with au
accumulating or transforming devico or series of them of low internal resistance
through the medium of a commutating or switching device adapted to alternatively
or consecutively place the elements of such device in the charging and discharging
circuits with or without other converting conserving or transforming devices to
operate as current transformers or transmitters at the developing source or stations
or in the derived discharging or working circuits switching circuit making devices
and devices for varying the conductivity of the circuits derived or main or both
being employed as herein provided for in the circuits provided with translating
devices with return by earth or the reverse with or without devices or means to
make the translating devices in the discharging or working circuits independent of
the generating and storing devices or either of them for a given time and for
utilization in portable systems or devices equipped with electrical circuits and
devices for the translation of electric energy into light heat motive power or for
the purposes of traction over fixed electrical circuits or sections or to or from fixed
points or places the devices being coupled in multiple arc multiple series parallel
circuit or series or any combination of such circuits. I sometimes provide for the
circulation and diffusion of the liquid and the regulation of the temperature of the
elements and the conservation of energy by the employment of a series of pipes
connected to a vertical pipe each of theso pipes lead to a return pipe connected
with the heating chamber in the circuit of the liquid in which the thermo electric
elements or series of them can be placed so as to provide for the development of an
electric current in the external circuit or circuits of low resistance in which the
accumulating conserving or converting devices are adapted to operate as will be
understood from the foregoing description.
The variation in the volume of liquid may provide for varying the number of
the conserving devices in the electric circuit or for decreasing or stopping the
generation of the currents by employing a shade or governor whose position is
electro magnetically or otherwise controlled so as to reduce or vary the surface
exposed to the action of the sun the devices described for cutting the conserving
devices out of the charging circuit or for regulating the charging and discharging
circuit or measuring the energy stored or conserved or for proportioning the
generation to the consumption or for regulating the electric potential or pressure
in the circuits can be combined with the devices for varying the surface exposed
such surface may consist of a series of suitably formed lenses so as to provide for
the concentration or focussing of the rays so as to heat the chamber containing the
liquid. These devices may be supported upon a frame whose position is controlled
by time mechanism or by the height or column of the liquid or otherwise as herein
described for stopping or regulating the development or conservation of the electric
currents
I employ these improvements for the distribution of electric energy for light
beat or motive power and for operating electrical railways or in the equipment
of waggons vehicles engines or trains or other portable objects adapted to be
operated over fixed or determined lines or from fixed or determined points
or places such as hoists elevators or vessels or torpedos operated through the
agency of electric currents electric motor or motors connected or combined with a
shaft axle or series of them either directly or through the medium of gearing
(frictional or otherwise) for communicating motion to shaft for driving or propelling
a vehicle train or object over a circuit metallic or partially metallic with or
without accumulating storing or current converting or transforming or regulating

page_text: devices upon one or more of the waggons vehicles or trains and with or without
devices or means in the circuit of the stationary portion of the electrical circuit to
reduce convert or transform the force of the current or electric potential in the
devices or means or working circuits forming part of the electrical equipments of
the waggon vehicle train or other portable object or a series of them adapted to
utilize electric energy for light heat motive power brake power independently or
collectively through the medium of electrical circuits and suitable translating
regulating or converting and conserving devices with the devices or means
employed as herein set forth or in combination with the devices means or methods
of working apparatus or combinations as set forth in the Specifications of Letters
Patent herein before referred to.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Stokes Williams in the Patent Offico on the 26th April
1884.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE, REGULATION
DISTRIBUTION
OR MEANS
AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN. THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
distribution regulation measurement and utilization of electricity and apparatus or 1
means therefor and in methods or means to be employed in the construction of such
apparatus or parts thereof
I provide for distributing regulating transmitting and utilizing an electric
current or currents from circuits of high potential or vice versa or of varying
potential so as to provide for the utilization of any means of production and with 1
high or low potential adapted to operate in the main circuits and derived circuits
of an electrical apparatus or system of distribution for the operation of railways or
tramways for the propulsion of vessels for the production of light heat or motive
power for traction purposes for the extraction of metals electrically or otherwise or
to provide for the conservation of power in the form of electric energy for such or
other uses or applications.
In the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf I
have described methods or means whereby 1 provide for decreasing the amount of
metal employed in the main electric circuit or circuits by the accumulation of
power at fixed points or places in an electrical system of distribution and also for
further reducing the cost of an electrical system by providing for the transmission
of currents of high potential through the main conductors or circuits and reducing
and regulating the force of the currents in the translating or discharging circuits
or to regulate and vary the pressure tension or electro motive force of a current or
currents in the circuits or any combination of circuits of supply and translation in
which branches or derived circuits are employed as desired for any or all purposes
for instance for utilization through the medium of incandescent lamps arc lamps
electric motors electric heaters adapted to operate with currents of lower resistance
in the derived circuits than in the main circuits in which the devices for translating
electric energy are coupled in parallel circuit either in series or multiple arc or in
series or with translating devices either for utilizing continuous or alternating
currents of high internal resistance placed in derived circuits or loops from the
main circuit in series or in derived parallel circuits with or without devices or
means for accumulating or storing electric energy in the derived circuits at a
distance from the generating station or main reserve with devices or means for
regulating or varying the electric potential in the derived circuits or in both the
main and derived circuits. By such means I am enabled to utilize electric currents
with safety and for any purpose or application. By such methods of working it is
not only possible but practicable to utilize any power however distant and to
transmit through the electrical circuit the energy or power converted with any
speed pressure or tension thereby utilizing the capital expenditure to the best
advantage and rendering it more economical to convey through the electrical
circuits to cities towns or villages along the railway lines or elsewhere the power
obtainable from the conversion of coal natural forces or otherwise than otherwise
possible.

page_text: In carrying my invention into practice I provide various devices for regulating
or varying the electric potential and rendering the discharging circuits independent
of the main circuits and for making the utilization of electric energy throughout
the system or on portable parts of the system, for the operation of vehicles on
railways tramways or along railway lines or over or from fixed electrical circuits or
places independent of the main electrical circuit or circuits or the generator or both
the generating source and main reserve for a given time and my improvements are
designed especially to be used in such a system or with such a method of working
or means employed therein or therefor. At the various houses works buildings
stations or places along a railway or throughout a city town district or elsewhere
the translating devices are adapted to be supplied and operated in the discharging
or working circuits (independent or otherwise) which are supplied from the main
circuit the translating or working resistances being adapted to operate in such
derived branch or sub-branch circuits in series or multiple are or multiple series
circuit or any combination of such circuits with insulated or partially-insulated
circuits with returns by earth or the reverso.
In order to obviate loss or waste of energy I employ cut offs automatically or
otherwise operated to make and break the charging circuit or both the charging
circuit and the discharging circuit consecutively alternately or simultaneously or
otherwise in such a manner as to provide for maintaining a supply of energy
in the working translating or discharging circuit or circuits the conservation or
accumulation of energy and the force of the current or currents in such circuit
or circuits being regulated varied or suited to the translating device or devices
in operation therein (in series parallel circuit or otherwise) or the conservation or
discharge of energy in or from such circuits with or without varying the pressure
or electric potential in the main conductor or conductors or charging and
discharging circuits or independent discharging circuits. In order to provide for
such a result the derived loop or other circuits extending from the main circuit to
supply the translating devices or working resistances in such working or
discharging circuit or circuits (with or without accumulators electric magazines
induction or similar conserving or storing devices or a combination of them) are of
such proportions or capacity as to provide for sub-dividing the current and
conducting it as required into the various branches or circuits so as to supply the
various devices adapted to operate in independent circuits through the medium of
accumulating conserving or storing devices or otherwise. That is to say the
conductivity of the branch is in accordance with the maximum units of electric
energy required in the circuit during a certain period or at any given time and tho
conductivity of this branch may be decreased or varied in accordanco with the
conservation of energy in such circuit and such circuit can have a fixed conductivity
or a variable conductivity dependent upon the conservation accumulation or
utilization of energy in such circuit and according to the pressure or electric
potential in the main which as before stated may be variable and dependent upon
the units of energy desired to be transmitted through the circuit for instance if the
ordinary working pressure should be 10,000 Volts through an electric circuit
conveying at such pressure 1000 horse power of energy into the translating or
discharging circuits (with or without accumulating or converting devices adapted
to make the translating working or discharging circuits independent of the main
circuit or circuits for a given time or intermittently alternatively or consecutively
either automatically or otherwise) by the employment of the devices or means in
the discharging circuits for varying the conductivity or sectional area of a portion
of such circuits it is practicable, (the main circuit or circuits being suitably insulated
either partially or entirely,) to increase the units of energy transmitted through the
main electrical circuit or circuits to any extent to which the insulation will perinto
I therefore construct my electrical conductors insulated or partially insulated with
return by earth or the reverse or so as to provide an insulated circuit with the derived
loop or branch circuit having translating devices or working resistances connected
in multiple arc multiple series or series and I provide the necessary maximum

page_text: insulation upon such main circuit or circuits or portions thereof and the branch or
derived circuit or portions thereof through which the high tension current or
currents are transmitted or designed to be transmitted. The derived circuit circuits
or branches each consist of a single or multiple conductor whose conductivity or the
number of individal branches or terminals will be regulated through the medium
of the device.
A single conductor or a multiple of conductors or branches of varied or uniform
conductivity represents the conductivity in such portion of the circuit so as to
provide for conveying and limiting the units of energy diverted from the main
circuit at each branch or derived circuit or feeder and in order to provide for
reducing regulating or varying the forces in the discharging or working circuits
irrespective of the force or dependent upon the force tension or electric potential
in the main circuit and dependent upon the number of lamps heaters motors or
other translating devices in or out of operation and with or without other
converting accumulating storing or regulating devices such as accumulating or
induction devices electro chemical gas batteries or magazines or a combination of
'them with switching or commutating devices combined with electro magnetic
devices adapted to provide for the storage of energy or for the transformation of
alternating into continuous currents or vice versa or to provide for the distribution
or continuous or alternating currents in the same system as may be desired.
The translating devices or working resistances are connected in the working or
discharging circuits so as to provide for translating (into light heat or motive
power or for other purposes) electric currents supplied from the main circuit or
circuits and derived circuits or branches therefrom so as to constitute multiple arc
multiple series or series circuit with or without utilizing the earth or a partially
uninsulated circuit as a portion of such circuit or one or more of the circuits (with
or without the employment of conserving or accumulating or current transforming
devices adapted to render the discharging or working circuit or circuits in-
dependent of the charging circuit or circuits for a given time) the supply of the
current to such discharging or working circuits or to the translating devices or
working resistances being regulated through the medium of the device provided
with a series of conductors or the equivalent thereof and adapted to operate so as
to provide for conducting the currents into the working or translating circuits and
for varying or stopping the supply dependent upon the consumption in the circuits
at different houses or works or translating devices or groups of them. The
construction and arrangement of such device adapted to form a portion of the
circuit is such as to provide for varying the current passing and the potential in
such circuit or circuits by decreasing the carrying capacity or conductivity of such
portion of the circuit or circuits automatically dependent upon the conservation
accumulation or consumption of energy in such circuit or circuits It is necessary
as is well known to limit or vary the supply in such circuits and this may be
regulated by resistances adapted to be rendered operative in the circuits through
the medium of the translating devices themselves or through the medium of
accumulating or storing devices so that the supply in the discharging or working
circuits will be controlled by the resistance in such circuits dependent upon the
resistance in the derived or loop circuits therefrom in which the translating devices
are adapted to operate (with or without accumulating storing condensing or
induction devices being employed therein as converters or regulators of potential.)
In carrying into practice this portion of my invention relating to the regulation
of the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits and the variation
of the force in the discharging or working circuits I employ the improvements
described in the specifications of the former Letters Patent herein referred to, I
provide for regulating and varying the tension of the current by the employment
of conductors or channels provided with increasing or decreasing sections with a
minimum of conductivity in the circuit between the translating devices and the
'main charging circuit. The conductivity of such portion of the circuit provides
for conveying the necessary supply of energy into the translating or working

page_text: circuit or to the accumulating or converting devices and for regulating the supply
and tension of the current transmitted from the main charging circuit irrespective
of the difference of the electric potential between the main circuit and the working
or discharging circuits.
In the Specifications of the said former Letters Patent I provided for increasing
the conductivity of the discharging and working circuits or in other words
decreasing the resistance and making the discharging or working circuits practically
independent of the main charging circuits and in the Specification of my former
Letters Patent N° 24 A.D 1888, I have provided for varying the conductivity in
the derived loop or branch circuits with or without the employment of devices for
accumulating or storing energy in the discharging or working circuits
In order to effectually accomplish these results I sometimes provide a series of
conductors or branches forming part of the device as herein more fully described
each of which or one of which represents a fraction or the minimum consumption
of energy in such translating circuits or the maximum consumption possible
through one of the translating devices or working resistances in such circuits
employed or designed to be employed in the translating or working circuit or
circuits. The conductivity of the derived branch or loop circuit through the
device from the main circuit to the series of branches or sections of such circuit is
such as to provide for conducting the maximum supply of current through the
translating circuit or circuits. When all the translating devices in such circuit or
circuits shall be in operation providing the force of the current or the electric
potential in the main circuit shall not be below some predetermined standard
which is preferably of high potential and thereby provides a certain supply and for
reducing the sectional area or weight of metal employed in the length of the main
electrical circuit. In the circuit extending from the branches or sections I can
employ a conductor or conductors having a greater amount of metal in a given
length or of such section as to provide for offering less resistance to the passage of
the current through the portion of the circuit leading from the device to the
translating device or devices than an equivalent length of the portion of the circuit
to or formed through the medium of such device. A conductor or conductors may
be led from the device or conductor to each translating or other device for utilizing
or conserving or accumulating electric energy or a single multiple arc parallel
circuit or a series of circuits may be employed from which derived or loop circuits
are carried in which the translating devices or the conserving or accumulating
devices are adapted to operate or a combination of them.
Where independent circuits are employed leading from the device and adapted
to operate in conjunction with the branches or sections by making the carrying
capacity of the section of the conductor of a conductivity suited to supply the
current necessary for each translating device or other apparatus the resistance in
the circuit will be regulated through the medium of the device adapted to operate
in such circuit as the section or conductivity of the regulating portion of the
circuit is decreased in proportion as the force of the current from the main charging
circuit is to be reduced in the discharging circuit but I prefer to employ a circuit
making device which is combined with an electro magnetic or other device as at so
as to operate automatically and be adjustable for the purpose intended. This circuit
making or regulating device may consist of conical spherical or other suitably
formed plunger or movable part of conducting or non-conducting material or of
both conducting and non-conducting material and of a single conductor or of a
series of conductors the series of conductors being insulated from each other so as
to form part of the discharging or working circuit to or from the regulating portion
of the circuit forming part of the device so that the current will operate upon a
magnet or solenoid or an electro magnetic or electric translating device which is
combined with means adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of the
circuit through the device in accordance with the variation of resistance or the
consumption of or utilization of energy in the circuits through the medium of the
.translating devices or working resistances adapted to be supplied therefrom ar

page_text: operate therein with or without devices or means in such circuit for accumulating
conserving or storing electric energy. Instead of forming the branches or series
of conductors upon or with the movable piece being insulated from each other they
may terminate in proximity to the plunger or circuit making device or be adapted
to be included in the electrical circuit consecutively through the medium of such
device dependent upon the number of translating or conserving devices or tho
consumption utilization or discharge of energy in or from the working or discharging
circuit. I sometimes employ a series of these devices mounted upon a rocking
beam or shaft so as to constitute a compound circuit maker electrically or other-
wise operative for reversing the current through an electrical circuit or for cutting
an accumulating or converting devico out of the charging circuit and placing
another accumulating or converting device in a working or discharging circuit or
for regulating the electric potential in the circuits of the same or for varying the
the potential with or without the medium of the weight or spring for maintaining
a set variation or regulation. This devico may be coupled in a derived, multiple
arc, multiple series, or series circuit with or without being combined with
measuring and recording devices and with or without being controlled by magnetic
devices or devices of simple or compound form adapted to operate or be controlled
through the medium of an independent circuit or circuits provided with a simple
or compound circuit maker at a distant point or station or in a signalmans cabin
combined or otherwise with a centrallized system of circuit makers through the
medium of interlocking mechanism such as is described or illustrated in the
Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf. Each of
the branches or sections of the conductors of reduced or minimum conductivity
may represent the amount of energy necessary for a single translating device sny
ono incandescent lamp or the smallest possible fraction to be consumed through
the medium of any one of the translating or utilizing devices.
In constructing this circuit making and regulating device I sometimes so
arrange these branches or sectional conductors that they are insulated from each
other such branches or sectional conductors consisting of very fine wire or strips of
metal or foil and I sometimes interpose pyro-insulating material between them so
that they are seperated from each other their points occupying a position above or
in advance of each other spirally or otherwise so that one conductor after another
can be placed in circuit either as the stationary or movable portion of the circuit.
In constructing such devices or portions of the circuit in multiple I sometimes
provide for electrically depositing the conductors upon sheets of insulating material
say asbestos and support them one above the other or deposit or mould or fuse
thein in recesses dovetailed or otherwise.
The conical spherical circular pyramidal or other suitably formed plunger or
rotating circuit making device may be adapted to fit closely in a case or box of
insulating material through which the conductor or conductors extend the insulating
material and conductors being enclosed within a suitable casing (metallic or
otherwise) with means for attachment to the electrical circuit by a screw coupling
or couplings or otherwise. The circuit making device is so arranged as to be
supported in bearings or guides and is provided with an axle or extension for
connection with the core of a solenoid electric motor pressure valve or float or other
device which is adapted to be operated through the medium or action of or the
work done by the electric current passing through the translating or discharging
circuit or to or from the conserving or accumulating device or devices or through
the medium (partly or entirely) of the action of an electric moter or electro
magnetic device with or without compressing or pumping devices or valves or floats
gas meters thermo electric meters or thermo electric regulators or any combination
of such devices in the circuit or derived circuit or both adapted to operate in the
discharging or working circuit or a portion of the circuit through the medium of a
derived circuit therefrom or both such circuits
In order to obviate firing or to ensure good contact I employ a liquid, metallic
or otherwise in the circuit making or regulating device or the like I sometimes

page_text: employ mercury and cover the same with an insulating liquid for instance paraffin
glycerine or the like. Or I sometimes provide for regulating the conductivity
through the medium of a non-metallic liquid between the metal conductors. In
the normal position of the circuit maker it is only possible for a minimum amount
of current to pass but as each translating or other consuming or utilizing device, is
placed in the circuit through the medium of their independent controlling devices
one or more branches or working resistances are thrown into the circuit by reason
of the fact that the switching device displaces the mercury or other liquid in
proportion to the current passing by which provision is made for the movement
of the circuit making device through the medium of a solenoid or other device
which can be connected in a loop multiple arc multiple series or otherwise in a
derived circuit from the discharging or working circuit with or without operating
upon the portion of the circuit to an accumulating or independent converting
device or devices adapted to provide for making the discharging circuits independent
of the main circuit through the medium of switching or commutating devices
operative through the medium of an electro magnetic device or a thermo electric
device, a compressing or pumping device or other suitable devices or any
combinations of them with or without measuring and recording devices for
indicating the consumption conservation accumulation or utilization of electric
energy in the discharging or working circuit.
In some cases I arrange these devices in combination with the devices or means
for measuring or representing the current or a portion of the current passing
through the discharging or working circuit or the main derived circuit so that the
circuit maker is maintained in the desired position partly or entirely through the
medium of the devices or means combined with the meter or adapted to provide
for or operate in conjunction with the device for measuring the current. For this
purpose I sometimes employ (within a chamber for instance) a pressure-valve or
Hoat or a mercurial column and a plunger or displacer which is mounted in guides
or supports or upon a rocking beam or shaft provided with rockers or excentrics
and with or without locking or engaging faces and with or without a spring or
weight so that the pressure of air or gas or the height or column of liquid in the
chamber or the expansion or contraction of the device for the measureinent of the
current will permit of or cause the movement of the circuit making device so as to
vary the currant passing in the derived circuit or otherwise. For instance within
the tube I employ a liquid which extends to the two ends thereof the said tube
being so formed or provided with reservoirs or chambers at each end. that thera
will be a column of liquid (metallic or otherwise) of equal heights or different
heights at each end and I provide a float or govenor which has combined with it.
a circuit maker plunger or displacer adapted to fit into a chamber suitably
insulated the plunger being composed of insulating or conducting material so as to
provide for the completion or interruption of the derived circuit (for high or low
tension currents) with or without the employment of a good liquid conductor
metallic or otherwise or an insulating or bad conductor or a combination of them.
I sometimes employ these combinations or a liquid of low conductivity or an
insulating liquid for the purpose of obviating firing or to more efficiently control
and operate with high tension currents; the derived circuit in such cases terminates
either as a single conductor or a series of branches in points or otherwise through
any suitable insulating material (proferably silicate) moulded to the desired form.
Or I sometimes unite or form the ends or parts of a thin film or part formed by
moulding or deposition and consisting for instance of platinum cupper nickel silver
or an alloy of one or more of the same or other metals and I preferably employ a
conical semi-spherical pyramidical or wedge shaped displacer or plunger composed
of insulating or conducting material. When insulating material is employed the
liquid conductor will provide for the completion or interruption of the electric
circuit dependent upon the height of such liquid or the surface of the conductors
thrown into contact. Or in some cases I complete the circuit through the movable
piece or plunger

page_text: This circuit maker is supported in suitable guides so as to provide for a vertical
rocking or rotating movement and is combined with the coupling box of the
circuit. The movable piece or circuit making devices are somewhat similar to those
already described for regulating or varying the electric potential or supply of
energy into the translating or working circuits and are adapted to be used for
regulating or governing the supply or consumption of energy or the electric
potential or supply of the current or to provide for consecutively or alternately
charging accumulating conserving or converting devices or as commutating or
switching devices or cut offs for conserving or accumulating devices electric motors
generators or for other purposes.
And I sometimes employ a series of such devices either with vibrating oscillating
or end wise moving pieces or rotating shafts or a combination of them as
commutators or switching devices for the above named purposes or for the purpose
of varying the conductivity or internal resistance in the discharging or working
circuit or for varying the internal resistance of a developing storing converting or
regulating source or device with or without varying the resistance of the external
circuit or the devices in such circuit or the devices adapted to be combined in such
circuit (as working resistances for the conservation regulation or utilization of
electric currents) in parallel circuit or series through the medium of a centralized
system of conductors extending to the grouping box or commutating device. This
device is applicable in the equipment of electric engines or other vehicles for
traction. purposes or for elevators hoists or other portable objects adapted to be
operated over fixed or determined circuits or from fixed or determined points or
places and I sometimes combine with such system of circuit making conductors a
special circuit maker or key or a series of them (interlocked in the combination
automatically or otherwise dependent upon the position of some other circuit
maker) which provides for the completion of an electric circuit between some part
of the accumulating or storing devices forming some part of the electrical equipment
of a waggon vehicle or train or the motors for propelling the same or other portable
objects with the fixed portion of the electric circuit with or without accumulating
conserving and converting or regulating devices in one or more of the circuits of
the stationary part or parts of the system.
In some cases in the construction of the circuit making or regulating devices for
varying the conductivity in an electric circuit I stamp or mould the portion in the
form of a cone pyramid or wedge shaped or similarly formed piece of very thin
sheets or films of metal say platinum, iron, nickel or copper, or a highly refractory
metal or alloy of metals so as to provide a minimum or uniform conductivity in any
· given section. Or I provide a form of insulating material and coat such insulating
material mechanically or in any preferred manner with some other material
(carbonaceous or otherwise) and subsequently deposit electrically or otherwise the
metal or alloy for instanco platinum, nickel, iron copper or a metallic alloy as
aforesaid and thereby provide means for the employment of an uniform increase or
.decrease of conductivity in the electric circuit through the device dependent upon
the position or relation of such device in an electric circuit in which a liquid of low
or good conductivity or a combination of them is employed as before described.
When the movable part or parts of the device is or are suitably connected with an
electro magnetic device, say the core of a solenoid magnet or magnets is or are
suitably wound and adapted to be energized by the current passing through a
circuit or a discharging or working circuit as before described with reference to the
regulating devices the part will be raised or lowered and thereby provide for the
displacement of the liquid dependent upon the consumption of energy or the
number of translating devices or the resistance in the circuit and thereby regulato
the surface of conducting material upon the cone or pointed piece in contact with
the liquid (metallic or otherwise or both) and consequently vary the conductivity
of such portion of the circuit in accordance therewith. When the liquid is at the
lowest point and the point of the cone is in the insulated liquid or merely touches
the metallic circuit the conductivity of the circuit is preferably normal when used

page_text: as a regulating device in the derived circuit from the main but when used as a
circuit controller for regulating the speed of machinery or an electric motor or for
the development of an electric current from a producer or source I sometimes
work under reverse conditions that is to say the cone or movable piece and the
liquid portion of the circuit in the normal condition represents the maximum
conductivity and as the speed of the motor or shaft increases or reaches some
predetermined maximum a mechanically or electrically operative governor combined
with the shaft or axle of the motor or the shaft or axle of a steam gas or compressed
air engine waterwheel turbine or windmill provides for decreasing the conductivity
in the generative portion of the electric machine by varying the height of the
column of liquid and such circuit making device may be connected or combined
with the steam or air or gas supply for steam engines gas or compressed air engines
or with the gas or liquid fuel supply or the damper for the supply of air for the
firing of boilers or furnaces or thermo electric generators or the governor of a
windmill or the water supply to a turbine or with electric circuits secondary or
subsidiary accumulating devices mechanically or electrically or both.
In some cases I employ such device as an automatic cut off in the electric circuit
between the generating or producing source and an accumulating conserving or
storing magazine or converter or a series of them but in such cases the normal
position of such device may provide for a minimum of conductivity or a high
resistance in such portion of the electric circuit from the source and I employ a
counterweight or spring to provide for such result and employ the main circuit or
a branch thereof so as to provide for operating the circuit making device when a
current of sufficient force shall be developed. Or I may employ a mechanical
governor or other means whose position is dependent upon the speed of the shaft
of the motor.
I sometimes employ a second device of this kind in the electric circuit working
under reverse conditions with a branch or loop in which the electro magnetic or
electro translating portion of the device is placed so that in case there should be any
backward flow of the current towards the generator or generators or transmitting
source the column of liquid will be lowered and the conductivity of the circuit reduced
to minimum or interrupted by short circuiting the current to the source causing the
backward flow. By the employment of circuit making devices with a multiple of
conductors in the main electrical circuit or adapted to operate in the developing
portion of the circuit or at the source with or without accumulating or storing
devices and by combining such switchings and circuit making devices with the cut
offs to the steam or gas engine or the cut off dampers or valves to the combustion
chambers or the gas or fuel supply pipes thereto for firing and with or without
combining such controlling devices with recording and measuring or automatic
cut off devices which indicate or stop the conservation or accumulation of electric
energy I am enabled to provide for regulating or varying the generation or
development of the current or to maintain an uniform pressure or supply through
the electrical circuit and regulate or vary the conductivity of the electrical circuit
either at the generators or elsewhere or throughout the electrical system dependent
upon the height of the liquid or the conductivity of the portion of the electric
circuit which is adapted to be regulated varied or completed through the medium
of a liquid (either conducting or insulating liquid or a combination of them) I
employ this method of constructing and operating electric cut offs circuit making
commutating and regulating devices operative by pressure or by expansion
compression mechanically bydraulically pneumatically or electrically pumping
heating or by time mechanism or a combination of such means for cutting out or
putting a portion or portions of the electrical circuit or circuits with or without
accumulating conserving or converting devices in the circuit of the portable or
stationary portion of the system or a combination of them or for regulating the
charging or discharging of the accumulating storing or transforming devices or
separating automatically or otherwise the stationary and portable electric systems
for instance in the equipment of 'an engine vehicle train elevator vessel or the like

page_text: it is important to make good electrical contact and to prevent firing; it is also
necessary to prevent through the medium of a device the backward flow of the
current and it is also desirable to provide for varying the conductivity of the
electric circuits of or to the motors or convertors or electric magazines according to
the work required to be done or to vary the conductivity of the electric circuits to
or from, or the internal resistance of, the convertors or magazines or any combination
of them according to the resistance in the discharging or working circuits (of the
train or other portable system or parts of a system) with one or more motors in
parallel circuit series or multiple series according to the position of a compound
circuit and circuit making device or devices forming part of the equipment of or in
connection with the portable system or part of a system such as a train engine
elevator hoist traction cable or the like with or without devices or means upon such
portable objects or a series of them for holding a reserve of power in the electric
circuits for the development of an electric current in the discharging circuit or
circuits therefrom.
In the equipment of an engine train elevator or the like I prefer to employ
devices or means to provide a reserve upon one or more vehicles or upon each
vehicle which is equipped with electrical connections and I employ coupling devices
between each vehicle these coupling devices being adapted to operate or be operated
either automatically or by hand through the medium of a coupling box into which
the meeting ends of the conductors of each vehicle extend preferably from the
upper portion through or between an insulating collar or support into a chamber
adapted to receive the liquid as hereinbefore described; the box or casing formed
of metal is adapted to form a permanent attachment and is bolted clamped or
otherwise secured to the framing of the vehicle. This box is provided with an
aperture at its upper part and a spring clutch having a sliding or movable piece or
part combined therowith which is adapted to cover the aperture with or without
the employment of an elastic packing between the parts. I provide each vehicle
with these attachments into which a single conductor or a multiple arc or parallel
circuit extends and I provide coupling pieces at each end of a flexible conductor or
a series of conductors insulated from each other and covered with insulation; the
end pieces may be of wedge shape or other suitable form and may be provided
with suitable recesses into which the spring lock or clutch fits or engages so as
to tend to force the part into proper contact or into the liquid contact in the
box or lock the same in position. The part extending into the box and liquid
is preferably at an angle say a right angle to the axial line of the flexible
conductor or electrical circuit. The conductor or conductors extend through the
length of the vehicle and in suitable portions of this circuit either in parallel
circuit series or multiple series or series in parallel circuit. I sometimes employ
electric magazines batteries or accumulating devices in groups of two or more
I employ automatic switching devices when I employ electro chemical batteries so
as to alternatively or consecutively charge the same so that one part may be
discharging into the working or translating circuit in which incandescent semi-
incandescent or other kinds of electric lamps electric heaters or electro magnetic
devices connected or combined with the brake-blocks electric motors connected or
combined with the axles of the wheels directly or through fractional or chain
gearing or any or all of such devices are adapted to operate in multiple series or
parallel circuits or series or a combination of such circuits and I employ switching
devices adapted to provide for turning on or off the current to or from the
translating circuits so as to control one or more or a group or series of lamps
beaters brake-blocks or motors as may be desired from one or more places or points
on the vehicle or train and also employ independent circuit makers for each
translating device such as lamps or heaters and automatic regulators preferably
such as are herein described for regulating the discharge in the light and heater
circuits dependent upon the consumption of energy or the temperature of the
compartment or the expansion of some medium in connection with the heaters as
described in one or more of the Specifications of Letters Patent herein referred to,

page_text: It will be understood that as many vehicles as desired may be placed in the
electrical circuit with the source or store of electric energy or both and the current
may be regulated as desired with or without reducing the tension from the force in
the main circuits before passing to the electrical derived circuits along the line or
upon the vehicles or I may charge a series of accumulating devices upon each
vehicle by placing them in multiple arc or series parallel circuit or series through
the medium of an insulated circuit or partially insulated circuit in connection with
the stationary source or reserve or store with return by earth or the reverse and I
may employ a main charging circuit with the devices for accumulating or storing
energy upon a series of vehicles with or without including the working resistances
on the engine or the electric magazines thereon and such charging circuit can be
under the control of the engine-driver through the medium of a circuit-maker
upon a switch-board arranged among a centralized system of switches or circuits;
the main connections and in some cases all of the connections I preferably make
through the medium of a liquid or liquids as herein set forth. This system of
circuits in some cases consists of sliding bars or rocking shafts having a system
of plungers projections or keys (which may or may not interlock or cross each
other) one or more of which may be combined with an electric circuit through
the medium of a speed regulator or governor and in some cases I connect or
combine the circuits to the motors through the medium of a circuit maker or
regulator (and preferably through the medium of a liquid or a combination of
them as before described adapted to operate in the electrical circuit so as to
place the motors in series or parallel circuit or with circuits consisting of a
multiple series or branches terminating at the circuit maker or in the same or the
equivalent thereof so as to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit or
series of circuits and for interrupting the circuit to the motors or reversing the
current to the same whether coupled in parallel circuit or series or inultiple series
and I sometimes provide in connection with this circuit maker an independent
circuit maker connected or combined or interlocked there with so that the motors
can be transformed into generating machines when it is desired to impede the
motion of the vehicles or trains; for this purpose I preferably provide for throwing
the elements for developing the current into a series circuit or other words
I increase the internal resistance of the generator and short circuit the elements of
the battery into the charging circuit therefrom and I provide for reversing the
the polarity of the magnet or element or elements of the motor through the medium
of a compound circuit and series of plungers and compound or independent circuit
making devices.
I also employ an automatic cut off in such developing circuit so as to prevent
the backward flow of the current from the magazines when the force of the current
from the generative portions of the circuit falls below a predetermined point or is
less than that from the battery or magazine or magazines. In order to accomplish
this I in some cases employ a derived circuit connected with the developing circuit in
which is included the coil or coils of a magnet whose armature carries one or more
circuit makers adapted to operate preferably through the medium of a liquid or a
combination of liquids as before described; the circuit is normally broken through
the medium of one or more springs or weights and the circuit making device is
preferably of a compound form so as to complete the main circuit and throw the
coil into such main circuit so long as the current passes to the battery but in case
the current is interrupted or reversed the movement of the armature is reversed
and the spring or causes the plunger or plungers to return to its or their normal
position and the current flowing from the batteries will maintain the interruption
of the circuit so long as the electrical pressure from the reservoirs is greater than
that from the generators. This device is applicable for use in other circuits for
charging magazines or batteries in derived or loop circuit of a parallel or series
circuit in a system of electrical distribution and can be compounded to any extent
so as to provide for charging magazines batteries accumulators induction devices
or regulators of tension and by the employment of an automatic cut off and meter

page_text: device to interrupt such circuit through the magnet when the magazines or batteries
become charged there need be no loss of energy due to the current passing through
the circuit unnecessarily. I prefer to employ a permanent magnet for the core or
armature having a polarity reverse to the active pole of the magnet.
In the equipment of the vehicles or electrical circuits with motors I preferably
employ machines whose elements are arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction
with each other in such a manner as to obviate the reversal of the current one or more
times during each revolution of the arinature or in other words to obviate the use
of commutators. In order to provide for changing the circuits or controlling the
direction of the current in the developing circuit when the machines are to operate
as generators for impeding the motion of a train or for charging accumulators for the
production of light or heat or for other purposes upon the train I employ a compound
circuit and circuit maker whose normal position (when the train is stationery or
when the developing circuit is inoperative or of less force than that from the
accumulator) provides for seperating or or disconnecting the generator from the
accumulating devices or magazines and the construction and arrangement of the
circuits and cut off devices are such as to govern the direction of the current to
the accumulators dependent upon the direction in which the vehicle is moving for
instance by the employment of a compound solenoid or magnet or an electric motor
whose normal position is governed by a spring or weight the relative position of
the circuits will be governed dependent upon the direction of the current
transmitted through the elements and by the employment of stops the position
will be maintained so long as the current is flowing in one direction and is of
sufficient force to operate the device against the spring or weight; or I sometimes
combine these with a locking armature of compound construction or a clutch
arrangement electro-magnetically operative from a derived circuit in parallel circuit
or otherwise so as to maintain the circuit with less expenditure of energy; this
circuit making device. is so arranged that it will be operated to either branch
dependent upon the direction the vehicle is moving and by the employment of
machines with or without commutators I readily provide for operating in the
charging circuit of the battery in the proper direction the various combinations of
cut offs and regulating devices being employed as heroin provided for. In some
cases I provide for controlling these circuits from the drivers or guard's department
through the medium of an independent circuit maker of the system; by such
means the current can be transmitted to the electro magnetic devices adapted to
control the direction of the current and through the medium of the compound
automatic cut offs as before described I am enabled to decrease the power expended
in maintaining and regulating the circuits by locking or holding the device electro
magnetically through the medium of an armature with engaging faces adapted to
fit into or engage with corresponding parts so as to lock the same against the force
of the weight or spring and automatically break the circuit or increase the
resistance in the circuit to the prime electro-magnetic device which caused the
adjustment of the circuits.
I am enabled under such method of working to avoid any unnecessary waste or
expenditure of energy. I employ independent circuits or derived circuits for the
electric heaters and I employ automatic cut offs adapted to complete or interrupt
the electrical circuit through the medium of a liquid as herein provided for and I
combine with such circuit making devices thermo regulating devices adapted to
regulate the consumption of energy in accordance with the temperature of the
material or room or space to be heated as herein set forth and more fully described
in the Specifications of some of the Letters Patent herein referred to. Such
independent circuit is provided with electro magnetic devices counterweighted or
the equivalent thereof so that when they are in their normal position the circuit is
closed or the reverse or the circuit maker can be adapted to operate with a counter-
weight which is combined with a compound translating device say solenoids or
electric motors for instance a disc motor or a motor having its element or elements
adapted to operate in conjunction with one or more poles of permanent or

page_text: electro magnets so 8.5 to operate without a commutator. I employ a
compound circuit maker and circuits in such case at the operative point
so as to provide for reversing the current through such circuits and I sometimes
employ a dash pot or liquid to steady the action or position of the piston plunger
or moving part of the regulator such device being especially applicable on trains or
noving objects or I sometimes obviate the use of regulating devices by the
resistance of the translating devices which are connected in parallel circuit series or
multiple series; circuit making devices may be arranged in each compartment and
also controllable through the medium of an independent circuit extending to the
driver's or guard's compartment of the train or both such compartments. The
circuit will be controlled by the employment of a return circuit or derived circuit
therefrom in which the solenoids or electric devices are arranged and adapted to
operate against the force of a weight or an adjustable spring which is adapted to
BO operate as to maintain a minimum or maximum conductivity in the circuit as
arranged preferably through the medium of a multiple of conductors or a plunger
or conical piece and liquid as described with reference to the circuit making device
BO as to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit in accordance with the
temperature of the compartment or room or the expansion or temperature of the
heater thermo electrically through the medium of thermo electric elements or the
heat or volume of the liquid contained in the heater as described in the
Specifications of certain of the former Letters Patent herein referred to. In order
to provide for automatically applying the brakes in case of the seperation of the
vehicles by accident breakage or otherwise or upon undue compression of the
buffers I employ a dorived branch or independent circuit which is adapted to
supply the energy for energizing the electro magnetic devices connected with the
brake blocks or connected with the valves of hydraulic vacuum or air compressing
or steam brakes or other devices for impeding the notion of the train or any
excessive movement or jamming of the carriages will apply the brakes to each
carriage or the vehicles of the train collectively, such arrangement can be applied
on each vehicle or on the engine only, when the electrical circuit extends throughout
these contacts may be made by the buffers being forced against springs during the
latter part of their movement. In carrying this into practice I arrange in a
portion of the electrical connections containing the electro magnetic devices a
circuit maker whose normal position when the vehicles are connected will be
interrupted. I sometimes employ a movable link or a flexible coupling which is
stretched across or between the carriages and thereby breaks the circuit upon one
or both adjoining carriages the springs or other force causing the immediato
completion of the circuit the connection being adapted to operate against them
electrically or otherwise; the brake blocks may be mounted upon hinged plates
carrying electro magnets the normal position through the medium of a weight or
springs being clear of the wheels or breaking surface; the brake blocks may be
detachable wearing plates of cast steel or iron forming the keeper of the magnets
of horse shoe form. In some cases the electrical connections from each vehicle are
adapted to be placed in electrical communication with the permanent or fixed
portion of the electrical circuit with or without the medium of a liquid in the
circuit preferably a liquid say brackish water. I can employ a flexible connection
or a vertically sliding piece maintained in its normal position by a spring or
weight so as to interrupt the circuit and be of sufficient height to clear all
obstructions on the line. I employ plungers or contact makers held in position by
a spring or weight so as to interrupt the circuit upon the vehicle; these plungers
are preferably adapted to operate in conjunction with a liquid or combination of
liquids as herein provided for and I sometimes connect them with the core or
armature of a solenoid or magnet, which is included in the derived circuit of the
main charging circuit. When "urrent flows into the electrical circuit on the
vehicle the solenoid is energized and its core carrying the plunger of conical or
other suitable form is acted upon or drawn downwards against the force of
the spring or weight through its support or guide until the liquid is at its

page_text: greatest height and the maximum conductivity afforded in such portion of the
circuit. In some cases I lead this derived circuit to an automatic cut-off device
in conjunction with the accumulating or storing device or devices on the
vehicle adapted to be charged vivified or revivified through the medium of
the charging current transmitted from the source or reserves through stationery
portions of the electrical circuit for instance when I employ electro chemical
batteries I may employ electrolysis or an accumulation of gas evolved by.
the process of electrolysis; the deposition may represent the work done or
the energy stored and by means of a weighted rocking lever or a rotating
cylinder provided with suitable blades or elements adapted to revolve in a suitable
metallic solution and connected with or through the medium of the liquid forming
part of the derived circuit which represents a certain portion of the current passing
the accumulating device may be cut out of the discharging circuit when some
predetermined amount of energy is stored but I prefer to employ a pumping or a
compressing device which is combined with a moter the receiver or chamber into
which the air or liquid is pumped being adapted to represent the conservation
of power in the reservoirs and upon some predetermined pressure or height of the
liquid the charging circuit will be interrupted through the medium of the Boat
or valve or other suitable means either with or without clectro magnetic devices
and means connected or combined therewith in the circuit until the pressure or
height of liquid shall be reduced which will be dependent upon the consumption
in the translating or charging circuits from the said reservoirs or magazine.
By combining the translating circuit through a derived circuit in parallel circuit
or otherwise with an electro magnetic device combined with a valve or other
governing medium which provides for reducing the pressure or the height or
column of liquid in accordance with the work done in the translating or charging
circuit and also for cutting out putting in or varying the conductivity of the
charging circuit to the accumulating devices. I am enabled to provide for the
governing device operating in a reverse manner to that in the charging circuit
and in exact proportion to the work done in the discharging circuit or the decreaso
of the energy stored. Or I may employ the gas evolved from an independent
electro chemical battery which will operate in a somewhat similar manner or I
may employ a gas battery as a governor for the electro chemical battery and the
gas may be recomposed by connecting the gas battery in the discharging or
translating circuit with the electro chemical battery or I may employ a gas
battery solely having decomposing and recomposing chambers or parts; by such
meaus the decomposing chamber or elements being connected on a loop or derived
circuit from the main charging circuit and the recomposing elements and chambers
or converter with or without other means of regulating or varying the electric
potential being connected in the discharging or controlling circuit in any preferred
manner. The charging and discharging circuits become absolutely independent in
their working. The strength of the reservoir is the limit and the pressure is the
regulator and operates one or more cut offs in the charging circuit through the
medium of valves or floats or electro magnetic devices adapted to be operated from
the decomposing chamber with or without being controlled partly by the current
or a portion thereof in the discharging circuit from the recomposing chamber or
part or may heat a liquid air or gas in an independent chamber or reservoir
or collapsible or expansible vessel and dependent upon the temperature of the
liquid regulate or stop the charging; the circuit may be controlled through the
medium of a float or otherwise through a mercurial columu or contact piece
adapted to be controlled in its movement by the pressure of gas evolved in the
battery and with or without electro magnetic devices for breaking the circuit to
the electro chemical batteries when some predetermined pressure is reached. The
current in the derived circuit in all cases represents only a fraction of the current
passing. The magazines or convertors upon the vehicle or train may be charged
with a minimum resistance by short circuiting or coupling them in multiple. arc
or parallel circuit or by the employment of a multiple of branches or feeders or

page_text: multiple series circuit connected with the elements so as to reduce the internal
resistance of the accumulating or storing devices or a series of them charged
alternatively consecutively or collectively and they may be connected in the
discharging circuit coupled in series. Or I may reverse this method of working
and connect the elements of the magazine or magazines or accumulating device or
devices in the charging circuit in series and in the discharging circuit in which
one or more motors or sections of one or more motors upon one or more of the
vehicles are adapted to operate in parallel circuit or through the medium of
compound circuits and circuit making devices. I provide for varying the force
of the current in the discharging circuits by decreasing the resistance in the
motor circuits or the internal resistance of the magazine connected in the
discharging circuits or both or the reverse as may be desired and I sometimes
combine this centralized system of circuit makers and circuits in the grouping box
or otherwise upon the engine or in the driving department so that one or more
of the same shall interlock with one or more other circuit makers or the circuits
leading thereto sɔ as to provide for the proper relative working of the charging
and discharging circuits or so as to provide for directing a portion of the current
from the stationary portion of the system either through an independent circuit
or a branch from the main charging circuit into the motor circuits for propelling
the vehicles while charging the accumulating or storing devices
And I sometimes provide regulating or converting devices in the charging circuit
or stationary portion of the electrical system and the portion of the circuit in
which the motors are adapted to operate. I accomplish this by the employment of
a multiple of circuits and a circuit maker or a combination of them so as to provide
for varying the conductivity of such portion of the circuit preferably through the
medium of a liquid or a combination of liquids with or without such circuit making
device being connected with the speed regulator or governor combined with the
driving mechanisın or axles. Or I provide special converting devices such as
induction plates coils or condensers or in other words accumulating devices by
which I provide for increasing the length or varying the conductivity or surface
charged or resistance in the charging and discharging or working circuits by the
employment of a commutator or switching device which may be combined with an
electro magnetic device or motor or with the driving mechanism or axles so as to
provide for alternatively consecutively or intermittently changing the connections
at the charging and discharging circuit I sometimes effect this by means of a
metal circuit or plates and a plunger or series of plungers adapted to operate
between the plates or outside of them and provide for increasing or decreasing the
height of the liquid for instance I may employ two or more plates having a
V-shaped form arranged in close proximity to each other; each plate may be
connected with the terininals or conductors from the source or reserve through the
medium of a plunger which is adapted to displace the liquid and thereby cause it
to increase the surface of the plates in contact there with or in other words to
decrease the resistance. By supporting these plungers upon a suitable rocking or
rotating shaft one or more sets may be adapted to be in the charging circuit while
others will be in the discharging circuit as will be understood from the description
contained herein.
I sometimes merely decrease the conductivity of the electric circuit through
the medium of a conical pointed or equivalently shaped part forming a portion
of the circuit or a multiple of circuits in the main charging circuit or a branch
therefrom leading to the motors and I sometimes combine this multiple circuit
or converting device with a circuit making device of compound form adiapted
to connect one or more of the motors in series multiple series or parallel
circuit.
In the electrical equipment of the vehicle or train I employ an electrical circuit
which is controlled from the driving department (with or without being controlled
from the guard's department or other portion of the train) through the medium of
circuit-maker which is arranged in the grouping box with or without being

page_text: interlocked or combined with one or more of the other circuit makers for instanco the
circuit maker for controlling the passage of the current to the devices for propelling
the vehicles. This circuit is preferably an independent circuit in which electro
magnetic devices are adapted to operate upon circuit-makers arranged to operate in
conjunction with the electric circuit or circuits (from the reserves of electric energy
upon cach vehicle) in which are included the electro magnetic devices having
connected or combined with them the brake blocks or devices. I sometimes provide
a main charging circuit extending throughout the length of the train (with coupling
devices between cach vehicle) and control the circuit from the driving compartiment
of the train through the medium of a circuit-maker so that such charging circuit
may be placed in electrical communication with the stationary portion of an electric
circuit while the train may be moving or stationary or both or in connection with
the main magazino or store of energy upon the engine. I sometimes provide for
short circuiting this electrical circuit through the medium of suitable connections
and switching devices upon each vehicle so that the electrical circuit upon ench
vehicle can be placed in electrical communication with the stationary portion of
the circuit from the generating or developing sourco or from the reserves of electric
energy or both. The accumulating devices may be adapted to operate in series or
in parallel circuit and may be alternatively or consecutively or collectively charged
suitable connections and circuit making devices being provided for this purpose and
automatic switching or cut off devices being provided to operate in the derived
circuits from the main charging circuit so as to prevent the passage of the current
into the electric magazine or magazines when some predetermined amount of energy
shall be stored as herein described.
I may employ currents of higher tension for charging these magazines than those
desired to bo used in the discharging or translating circuits or the reverso.
Under
my method of varying the conductivity of the electrical circuits and of regulating
or varying the conductivity to or from the magazines or convertors and working
through the medium of liquid in the circuit I am enabled to charge or vivify the
magazines or convertors coupled in parallel circuit or multiple or short-circuited or
in series or continuous lengths with currents of high tension either upon the
vehicles or trains or in the stationary portion of the system or both.
In the construction or equipment of an electric engine tramcar or vehicle I prefer
to apply motors of the greatest diameter possible directly to the driving axles.
I sometimes however employ chain or link gearing for connecting such motors with
the axles. In order to obtain an extended surface and provide for the vertical
movement of the main portion or body of a vehicle and parts connected there with
permitted by the springs I employ a series of plates cut or moulded in the form of
rings or sections of rings having the diameter necessary for the armature. Upon
these rings (which may or may not have dovetailed recesses therein formed by
casting or otherwise) I mould or deposit electrically or otherwise the conducting
element in the form of a continuous coil each bar or section of which is connected
with the bar or section on the opposite side of the support and led to the external
circuit to rings or to commutatora according to the arrangement of the inductive
poles which operate in conjunction with the armaturo or armatures that is to say
when I employ inductive polos so arranged as to provide for the current always
flowing in one direction through the elements connected with the external circuit
I employ rings mounted upon and insulated from the axle and when the poles and
elements of the armature are arranged otherwise I provide commutating devices.
I preferably employ the machines without commutators and employ two or more
rings upon and insulated from the axle to which tho element or elements of the
motors are connected in series or parallel circuit or I may employ two or more
independent set of rings one set connected with the element or elements or part of
the same in series or continuous lengths (through the medium of rings upon and
insulated from the axle) the other set being connected to the element or elements
in parallel circuit derived circuits or branches to the independent sections or
lengths or sections of the continuous element or elements so as to short circuit the

page_text: same or reduce or vary the internal resistance of the machine; these short
circuiting devices are connected with the elements of the armature so that the
current enters with or without passing through the helix of the inductive pole or
poles of such section to the conducting portion of the same element or part of the
element arranged so as to be under the inductive action of a pole of the opposite
denomination arranged at different parts; the poles are preferably adjacent to and
on opposite sides of the end faces of the armature and diametrically opposite on
opposite sides of the axis of rotation and I employ a series of rings or plates of
magnetic or non-magnetic material each of which may be adapted to operate in
conjunction with independent poles or with all the poles united to one frame or
support (magnetic or otherwise) the pole pieces being cut away or so arranged that
their consequent poles or parts in a straight line lengthwise of the armaturo can be
at an angle to the axis of rotation the short circuiting devices in such case being
arranged in accordanco therewith. Two or more sets of poles may be arranged in
like manner in conjunction with each ring or armature; under this construction I
am enabled to employ sheet or plate metal in continuous rings upon which my
conducting element or elements is or are mounted preferably in grooved or
dovetailed recesses the conducting element having each section bar or surface
connected with the bar or surface like a continuous coil similar to a Gramme ring.
I provide apertures notches or recesses through the support (magnetic or otherwise)
for carrying the conductor or element so that each section can be connected with
its continuation on the opposite side of the said support. This conducting element
can be a continuous coil and be short-circuited or connected in the external circuit
at one or more or any number of points and the quantity and tension of current
transmitted therefrom or utilized therethrough will be dependent upon the con-
ductivity of such portion of the short circuit and the length of the conducting
element operated upon under the influence of the pole or poles or in utilizing such
machine as a motor dependent upon the force or tension of the current transmitted
and the conductivity of the short circuiting branch or series of them; it will be
understood that currents of different tension can thus be taken from or utilized
through the same machine through the medium of a series of rings and short circuits
and suitable electrical connections. The rings may be mounted upon or secured to a
non-magnetic hub by clamping bolting or riveting or by arranging them in a
mould adapted to maintain the plate or ring in position and receive the molten
metal so as to form the hub; or series of these rings may thus be united upon an
axle or I sometimes mould or cast the hub with projections adapted to. it into
corresponding parts of the rings; these parts aro planed or slotted so as to fit
closely or are cast in metal moulds under pressure so as to provide for the parts so
formed being perfectly true and I slide one plate or ring after another on to the
hub with seperating or bracing plates between them which seperating or bracing
plates are also moulded or otherwise constructed to fit exactly and maintain the
rings the proper distance apart; these rings are first provided with a conducting
element which is connected with the external circuit through tho medium of bars
running lengthwise of the hub through grooves or openings provided for the same
to the rings collectors or commutators at one or both ends of the axle. These rings
or collectors I preferably arrange in cups or chambers. containing a liquid say
mercury; the elements may be connected in series or in parallel circuit with or
without boing in the same circuit as the helices of of the field magnets which may
also be connected in series or parallel circuit so as to constitute one or more
magnets or individual magnets. In some cases I so arrange the pole pieces that
they occupy a position or extend between or towards the axis of these rings so as
to increase the surface and bring the plates in close proximity to inductive elements
connected with the external circuit these polar extensions connected with the rings
or parts may be independent of each other or may be combined upon magnetic or
non-magnetic fraines so that they may be supported in position by bars or framing
extending lengthwise of the axis so as to allow the vertical movement of the parts
by the springs.

page_text: Each portion of these magnets may be connected to a continuous bar of magnetic
or non-magnetic material and may be held in position by projections or supporting
parts through the medium of the projections or engaging parts formed upon these
rings or sectional magnets which fit into the corresponding parts of the frame
adapted to receive them or these rings or sections of the magnet may be provided
with lugs or extensions through which bars pass lengthwise of the axle through
distance pieces or washers which separate the different rings or sections on either
side of the ring armatures.
These magnets as well as the armatures may be wound with continuous coils
the conducting material being preferably secured upon them by moulding or by
electro-deposition so as to form a continuous coil or coils having a series of sections
with each section connected to the one on the opposite side. The stationary and
inovable elements may be connected in parallel circuit multiple series or in series
and the consequent poles established dependent upon the point of the introduction
of the current or these magnets rings or plates inay be joined alternatively so as
to constitute a kind of spiral or continuously coiled magnet which forms the
conducting element with or without being coated or coiled with copper or other
conducting metal insulated from the magnetic core; the armature rings or plates
may be forined in a somewhat similar manner and may be adapted to fit between
the blades rings poles or helices of the magnet or magnets. The elements of the
armature connected with the external circuit being connected to the rings or
commutators by extensions or terminals extending lengthwise of the axle through
the apertures or open parts of the hub or support carrying the armature the plates
or supports of the conducting element or elements of the armature may be formed
into a continuous coil of magnetic material connected in the circuit or otherwise
and with conducting material deposited thereon by fusion by moulding by electricity
or otherwise so as to form one or more sections of a continuous coil connected in
the external circuit at two or more points as herein described. The conducting
elements may have the form of a divided concentric ring section or sections or coils
connected to a section or similar section or coil on the opposite end or face of the
support of the armature either alternatively through the support (magnetic or
otherwise) connecting each section in series or simply for completing the electrical
circuit; these sections are so connected that the currents induced therein or utilized
therethrough provide for the current passing in one direction through the circuit
at all times while the machines move in one direction either as a generator or as a
motor. In some cases I employ conductors arranged radially with connecting bars
or links at an angle thereto so as to connect them at their ends through or around
the support (magnetic or otherwise) either as the fixed elements or field magnets or
the armature independently or collectively with or without means for short
circuiting or varying the internal resistance of the machine through the medium
of independent or compound circuits as before described with reference to generators
regulators or current transformers. The conducting elements or sections or parts
adapted to operate in conjunction with or under the influence of opposite magnetic
poles or fields are so connected that the current flows in the same direction
continuously through the element or elements connected with the external circuit
either as a motor or generator and with or without including the field magnets in
the main circuit or shunt therefrom or I can employ permanent magnets as one
portion of the machines as it is not necessary to reverse the polarity of the magnets,
in the reversal of the working of the machine as a generator and I sometimes
employ an independent circuit for including the magnets in a circuit in which the
current always flows in the same direction. 1 employ a compound circuit maker
with compound contacts for this purpose when using the machine as a motor. In
the construction of the plate or sections of the armature I sometimes employ
malleable cast iron which has been formed under pressure in metal moulds the rings
or sections being formed with concentric or radially formed recesses and projections
into or upon which the conducting elements are deposited or formed by moulding
fusion or electro-deposition; the sectional lengths or coils of such elements are

page_text: connected through openings or alternatively and continuously over and around the
support or ring I sometimes place this form or support in a lathe and by utilizing
templets and gauges or other devices I make every section or part thereof perfectly
true and sometimes cut or form dovetailed or retaining recesses or projections upon
or through the supports so that the conducting element will be maintained in
position either by the contraction of the molten metal or the insulation or holding
surface whereon the metal is deposited or by fusing the ribbons or bars in the
proper positions.
In moulding the conducting material upon the forms or supports I preferably
heat the mould and force the molten metal into the spaces not occupied by the said
form or support with the terminals extending therefrom for connections to the
bars with or without means for short circuiting as described. I have described
these conductors and elements as constructed of thin plates with the inductive
elements principally upon the end faces the poles being arranged accordingly but
I also provide for constructing machines with the elements connected in the
external circuits and adapted to operate in conjunction with inductive poles
arranged in other positions relatively to the inductive elements connected with the
external circuit or circuits for instanco I may employ arms or concentric rings of a
magnetic or non-magnetic material or materials extending lengthwise of the axle
and fitting in polar extremeties or between poles or between the arms of a magnet
somewhat similar to that before described these arms or projections may extend
from both sides of the centre line of the hub and be secured in position by bolts
clamps dovetailed projections and recesses with or without the employment of
molten metal for securing the parts in proper position or by arranging the sections
ready for use in the machine or they may rest upon a ledgo of the supporting hub
or be formed or moulded with it.
In order to provide for the deposition of the metal in coils or strips as before
stated I sometimes apply an insulating coating either mechanically or otherwise
and subsequently apply a suitable metallic paint or carbonaceous coating to the
parts where I wish to deposit the metal by electro or chemical deposition. Under
euch method of constructing the elements of my machines I am enabled to obviate
the use of insulation upon or over the conducting elements of the armature and
magnets and to provide for their operation in close proximity to each other thereby
increasing the efficiency of the machine.
I sometimes coat or cover the adjoining or adjacent faces of the armature and
magnets with a thin coating of insulating paint or material or with copper on a
metallic alloy so as to prevent oxidation and in some cases I coat the core or body of
the armature in a similar manner with or without first applying an insulating paint or
material and subsequently form the conducting elements thereon or I employ the first
deposit as the conducting element which may be in the form of a coil as will be under-
stood from the previous description. This method of constructing magnetic elements
or the elements of electro magnetic devices is applicable in the construction of
solenoids magnets and armatures and in order to obtain greater surface I sometiines
form the end of the magnets semispherical conical pyramidical or wedge shaped the
arinature in such cases being formed reversely. Ring magnets and solenoids may
also be provided with coils in a similar manner to that above described the
conducting elements being secured in dovetailed grooves or recesses and I preferably
employ a coating of good conducting metal or an alloy adapted to operate in close
proximity to the core of the solenoid with or without an insulating stud or ring.
In the arrangement of the motors upon the axles of the vehicles or electric
engines I mount the magnets upon the bed plate or framing secured to the girders
or framework of the engine and preferably resting upon or supported by the
springs in the ordinary manner so as to provide for the vertical movement of such
framework and the parts supported thereby and so as to obtain a greater working
surface than hitherto practicable in the construction of electric engines The
armatures and magnet blades arms rings or poles may be one inch (more or less) in
thickness dependent upon the diameter of the armature or armatures. An

page_text: armature or series of armatures under this construction six feet in diameter and
occupying a space four feet long can be readily applied to the axles of eight feet
driving wheels with the ordinary track gauge. I can thus obtain by the
employment of such armatures upon the axles of two pairs of driving wheels more
than 1000 feet of surface adapted to operate in immediato proximity to the poles
of the magnets I employ a series of rings armatures or blades adapted to operate
into or between the blades arms rings or poles of the magnets which extend
towards the axis and are supported by the framing as before stated. Each ring or
blade of the armature may be adapted to operate in proximity to poles of opposite
denomination on the sides of each blade ring or section with or without operating
over the periphery thereof and at or towards the opposite sides of the periphery of
the armature or sections thereof the connections to the commutators or rings being
made as herein described or in any other suitable manner I sometime secure the
magnets support directly to the frame or both through the medium of bars or
supports extending in a line with or lengthwise of the axle and on both sides at
one or more points these bars supports or connections extend across or over the
periphery of the armatures the blades rings or extensions of the magnets being
provided with suitable distance pieces or seperating strips or blocks or these
distance pieces may be formed with or upon the arms or polar extensions
of the magnets by moulding or otherwise. By the employment of two
or more of such machines or motors upon the axles of the driving wheels
it will be practicable to run at a high or low speed with greater economy
than when motors of the ordinary construction are employed for traction
purposes. It will be understood that these motors can be compounded to any
oxtent and be connected in parallel circuit multiple series or series but I prefer
to regulate and vary the conductivity of the charging circuit through the medium
of a series of circuits and a plunger of conical or equivalent form which is prefer-
ably adapted to operate in circuit through the medium of a liquid as herein
described with reference to the device and other regulating devices and I operate
with high tension or high pressure and regulate through the medium of condensers
induction or other forms of accumulating devices or a combination of condensing or
induction devices adapted to operate in the charging circuit or from the magazines
or reserves or source of electric energy upon the engine or tender or both I regulate
from the main reserve or source such as gas electro chemical or other forms of
batteries or sources of supply forming part of the electrical equipment of the engine
or vehicle or of the stationary portion of the circuit or system or any combination
of them. I sometimes provide for utilizing the metal of the engine's wheels and the
track so as to act with or form part of the magnet or magnets and the coils of the
magnets may be adapted to be included in the circuit with earth the armature
being insulated from earth and the conducting elements or coils for the magnetiza-
tion of the magnets or of the armature or both may bo adapted to operate in
conjunction with the main circuit of supply and the insulated portion of the circuit
or with the circuit from the reserves or the current transformers or any combina-
tion of them so that the circuit will be completed in order that the motor may
operate as a working resistance in the circuit of supply either as an insulated
circuit or between earth and an insulated rail or portion of the circuit which may be
the charging or return portion of the circuit with or without accumulating or storing
devices connected therewith or with the generating devices or storage source or
both and with or without tension converting transforming or reducing devices or
pressure regulators or a combination of them in proximity to the line or between
the source of supply and the working resistances upon the vehicle or train or
portable object and a switching or controlling device or devices in the circuit or
grouping box and with or without a series of circuits and connections for throwing
the notors into the main charging circuit and the magazines into the charging
circuit of the main while running over an electrical circuit or with or without a
series of circuits and commutating or switching devices or a centralized system of
switches in a grouping box or switch board with a suitable arrangement of circuits

page_text: and switching devices for throwing the accumulators magazines or converting
devices in series or for reducing or varying the conductivity of the circuits or
devices or parts thereof in such circuits whether charging discharging or working
circuits or any combination of them in series or parallel circuit. I preferably
arrange the devices for varying the conductivity or resistance of the circuit to
operate through the medium of a liquid or a combination of liquids as described for
regulating or varying the force or tension of the current from the charging circuit
or the magazines or reservoirs or both. I preferably employ liquid as before stated
for completing the electrical circuit to the magazines upon the vehicles from the
stationary circuit or I sometimes complete the circuit through the wheels from
the earth circuit and make return by the insulated circuit between the lines and the
adjustable connections or circuit closer I employ cut off devices in the charging
circuit to the magazines which cut off devices are operative automatically or by hand
or by time mechanism as herein described and the main charging circuit may supply
a series of derived circuits or station houses works or districts provided with electrical
circuits with or without the employment of the pressure regulators or condensing or
induction devices or electro chemical or electric gas magazines or a combination of
them adapted to operate between the source of supply and the translating devices
in the working circuit or in the circuits of the distributing stations as will bo
understood from the description herein and in accordance with the height or column
of liquid or a combination of liquids the conductivity of the circuit can be regulated
automatically or manually or both and the conductivity of the of the circuit or the
number of magazines or the length of the accumulating surface thrown into the
circuit will be in accordance with the resistance of the motors passing over the
line or the resistance or conductivity of the regulating and converting portion of
the electrical circuit through the medium of a multiple of condensers as described
with reference to the device or as herein provided for. I have described the con-
struction of armatures with coils attached thereto or mounted thereon under
another construction in the same class of machine and especially for use on engines
vehicles or portable objects I sometimes form or secure the coils on plates provided
with recesses and projections into or upon which the conducting elements are
secured as described and in order to secure these plates in position and to provide
for their operating in close proximity to the polar extensions or arms adapted to be
in close proximity to the end faces of the armatures, I provide counter sunk
recesses into which the rivets or bolts fit closely and I provide nut locks for the bolts
or securo them in position by forming flattened parts or recesses upon the screw end
which terminates about flush with the face in which I provide a slotted recess into
which I force molten metal this recess being of such form as to provide for the metal in
cooling firmly securing the parts in position and in some cases I provide for securing
the rings plates or sections in position through the medium of dovetailed or suitably
constructed or arranged parts so that I am enabled to employ molten metal which
when cool clamps the parts firmly together either directly upon the hub or upon or
to the arms rings or supports so that the inductors and their supports will be
arranged radially or concentrically and be adapted to fit into or between the arms
or extensions of the magnet or magnets according to the construction of the
machines as before described. Under another modification I deposit form or place
the conducting elements upon rings forms or supports (magnetic or otherwise) and
employ such elements upon each side of the form or support for instanco I may
employ a disc ring sheets or ribbons of insulating material say paper vulcanite or
other suitable insulating medium which may be moulded or compressed into shape
and I paint stamp or photograph upon the same the form desired for the conductors
such form being suited to the construction of the machine I then deposit
electrically or otherwise upon the portions having affinity for metal the conducting
elements or coil connected continuously as before described and subsequently
deposit thereon after the application of an insulating material a coating of iron or
an alloy of iron with nickel or other magnetic material and a coil may be formed of
such magnetic alloy by deposition and with or without being coated with a better

page_text: conducting metal or alloy superposed coils or elements may thus be formed of
magnetic and conducting metal or of magnetic metal solely one or both of which
may be connected in the external circuit with or without including the field magnet
coils of permanent or electro magnets in parallel circuit or series independent
circuits or shunts. In securing the series of blades or armatures and the wings
blades or extensions of the magnets in position upon an electric engine I some-
times so arrange the parts that each section can be detached independently of the
others but I prefer to so construct the machine as to avoid any possibility of
ineffectiveness and with as few parts as possible firmly secured in position and
under proper construction a machine may be so made that one piece forms the key
to the whole armature or group of magnets. In the construction of large machines
or armatures I may employ a flywheel ten feet (more or less) in diameter with the
plates or rings carrying the inductors (with each conductor connected alternatively
or in the form of a coil with or without superposed layers as before described the
conducting elements being preferably formed by deposition or moulding) so as to
form the spokes or support for the rim such plates ring or supports may be
moulded with the rim and hub or secured thereto by moulding rivetting or bolting
or a combination of them or by forming the hub clamps on one side as the key and
forming the plates so as to fit into grooves or recesses or engage in suitably fitting
parts of the rim the plates or rings carrying the inductors will be forced firmly in
position against the side of the hub (with or without insulation) the hub being
preferably of non-magnetic material and the inductive poles being arranged in any
preferred manner but preferably in such a way as to obviate the use of commutating
devices. I preferably employ a series of these wheels mounted upon the same
axis. For instance all the south poles may be arranged on one side and all the
north poles on the opposite side the elements being connected to rings upon the
axle which rings may or may not fit into recesses or boxes containing a liquid such
as mercury or an insulating liquid or a combination of them and with or without
the coils of the magnets (permanent or electro magnets) being connected in the
circuit and with or without current transformers electric magazines or translating
devices in the circuit in multiple series parallel circuit or series and with or
without utilizing the earth as a portion of the electrical circuit for induction or
otherwise and with or without using the current transformers or regulating devices
as herein provided for.
In the construction of machines for application to the axles of vehicles I sometimes
provide for using the driving wheels as the support for the armatures plates rings
or sections in boxes or otherwise so as to be adapted to operate in conjunction with
one or more armatures preferably a series as described between the wheels; under
such an arrangement I provide for utilizing the entire space between the wheels and
also provide for the vertical movement permitted by the springs or the wear of the
journal boxes and I obtain a maximum of surface in close proximity to the inductive
poles all of which features are important in the construction of electric engines
I enclose the entire machine or series of machines within an iron or other casing
secured to the girders of the engine or vehicle with or without the employment of
non-magnetic supports or insulation between the said casing and the machine. The
pole pieces may extend lengthwise of the frame and consist of long bars or plates
of metal extending the entire length of or the entire distance between the two sets
of driving wheels and such bars may be provided with arms or poles of semicircular
or other suitable form the bars being secured midway between the wheels and at
the back and front of the armatures and at the top and bottom and by means of
dovetailed slots or projections and distancing strips or blocks which are so fitted as
to be secured together the parts can be arranged in position and keyed bolted and
clamped and nut locked or otherwise secured so that the parts must maintain their
proper working position and at the same time permit of the vertical movement
allowed by the springs any endwise Interal movement being obviated by suitable
braces across the frame and the shoulders upon the axle adapted to operate in
conjunction with the journal boxes so as to prevent lateral movement. I sometimes

page_text: employ a multiple of circuits extending to a series of rings or commutators upon
the axle so as to provide for short circuiting the elements or compounding the
machine and I sometimes employ a cut off device or devices so as to compound the
machine or to make and break or to vary the resistance in the circuit intermittently
and regularly; such cut off device or devices may be operated by a crank and
connection geared with the shaft or axle of the engine so as to alternately or
consecutively or until the speed is reduced vary the supply or so as to cut the
magnets out of the circuit. I preferably employ for this purpose a reciprocating
arm carrying a plunger of conical form adapted to operate in a liquid or I employ a
ring of insulating material carrying metallic blades which fit into their respective
recesses in a box so that each department will be distinct the shaft extending
through the same and being connected with the axis of movement. I can employ
a liquid in this box as described with reference to other circuit makers and
arrangements of this kind may be employed in the construction of the grouping
boxes for controlling the electrical circuits upon the vehicle and the shaft may be
combined with a handle through bevelled gearing or screw-gearing so that the
grouping box may be arranged against the side or front of the engine and thereby
occupy but little space. The various cut-offs and indicators for regulating the
charging and overcharging and for varying the conductivity of the electrical circuit
to or from the magazines or motor circuits or main charging circuit or the
discharging circuits throughout the train or any combination of them are preferably
combined or adapted to be controlled through the medium of circuit making devices
so constructed as to operate in conjunction with the conductors or bars extending
through or into the grouping box and into the cups or recesses into which the blades
or plungers are adapted to fit and operate for the completion of the circuits
through the medium of a liquid or spring contacts or a combination of them as
herein described. This arrangement of circuit making devices is applicable for central
stations for charging magazines accumulating or storing devices in derived circuits
or loops in series multiple series and parallel circuit or for converting transforming
or regulating devices or a combination of them connected in the derived circuits in
which electrical motors are adapted to be operated and combined with the converting
storing or circuit regulating and cut off devices as herein described.
In the construction of batteries or magazines for accumulating or holding in
reservo electrio energy I provide a special construction and arrangement of parts in
the building or equipment of engines railway carriages or other portable objects
either as electric gas magazines or electro chemical magazines. I construct the tank
for my tender of iron or other suitable metal and line the same inside with lead
or other suitable metal with or without being covered with some insulating elastic
earthy or vitreous coating which is applied to the interior of the tank and to the
interior braces or cross ties and chambers and I provide grooves or recesses into
which the electrodes or elements are adapted to fit and be secured by suitable
insulating cement or insulating partitions or strips or insulating or separating
material of porous character for instance pulverized pumice stone wood fibre asbestos
slag wool or the like which I apply to electrodes or portions thereof as hereafter
more fully described or in some cases I employ iron or copper tanks or iron or steel
lined with copper with an insulating or inoxidizable lining. I employ in the con-
struction of the electrodes metallic foil sheets plates or boxes of lead or other metal
with or without recesses apertures or corrugations and with or without being
rendered porous by the extraction of foreign substances metallic or otherwise
chemically or by heat or mechanically with or without the employment of materials
in a finely divided state. I sometimes divide the electrodes in these tanks into
compartments so that they may operate independently of each other in the charging
or discharging circuit or so that the magazine may be more readily built up or
repaired in case of accidents and also give increased strength to the magazine and
prevent any movement of the electrodes or elements or sections thereof in the
framing respective chambers or holders
In constructing my electric tender or magazine or the magazine as electro

page_text: chemical or gas magazines forming part of the equipment of the engine I form the
holder into compartments of square parallelogrammatic octagonal or other suitable
form so as to obtain the greatest surface in a given space and provide for the
⚫elements adapted to be charged vivified or revivified being in close proximity and
seperated from each other. Under one construction these elements are adapted to
fit closely in these chambers with insulation surrounding them such insulation being
applied to the portion of the supporting chamber of the magazine or by a covering
upon the elements which exactly fits the chamber or carrier or the elements can be
secured in position within a suitable metallic chamber box or tube or a series of them
which fit so as to fill the compartment or are adapted to fit upon and within the
framing so as to prevent any movement. The framing may consist of plates or angle
iron extending across and notched into each other and secured to the main framing
the dividing strips may be provided with recesses adapted to receive and hold the
A series of the
boxes or compartments constituting or containing the elements.
dividing and supporting strips are arranged one above the other or the compartments
or boxes are provided with projections or recesses adapted to fit parts corresponding
reversely on cross pieces or the main framing cap or covering (with or without
an independent and detachable covering for each) secured in position by bolts and
nuts clamps screw bolts or otherwise; such main covering or series of them can be
adapted to provide for covering or opening the main chamber in which these
sections of the elements of the magazines are placed for instance in the construction
of a tender for operation on railways the metal framing would not in appearance
materially differ from that of an ordinary tender or water tank arranged upon a special
truck or as at present arranged at the side of the boiler or upon the engine which
framing as before described is composed partly or entirely of metal and in most
cases will be mounted upon the axles through the medium of the springs supported
by the axles; each compartment containing the elements is provided with a
tight fitting and preferably metallic cover with an elastic and insulating packing
which is secured in position by keys nuts and bolts screw bolts or otherwise
or a series of compartments may be closed and tightly sealed by one cap or
covering so as to provide for utilizing the space now occupied with coal for the
storage of power electro chemically or through the medium of gases or otherwise
by charging vivifying or revivifying such magazines while running or stationary
from the permanent or fixed electrical circuits In some cases I employ
the elements with their greatest width or length arranged vertically across the
line of the axis or the reverse with or without being in detachable compartments
In some cases I divide or form the tank into a series of compartments with the
metallic framing or cross pieces or plates which I coat or cover with an insulating
material or cement and in some cases I make provision for the electrodes or elements
of my magazine sliding into the recesses or between the projections and in order to
secure them firmly in position within such recesses at the ends I employ an
insulating material or cement with which I fill the space so as to secure the elements
firmly in position I prevent these elements from coming in contact by conting
them with insulating material such as asbestos wood fibre slag-wool pumice-stone
or other materials which are first mixed with some suitable adhesive material I
apply such coating to the elements which may consist of metal sheets plates or foil
and pack them closely together either in pairs coiled upon themselves or coiled
upon each other or the elements may consist of a series of plates or sheets which
lap each other the entire series having their ends combined to their respective
terminals and in order to provide for making good electrical contact and securing
the parts together by lapping plates or sheets so that they extend beyond the
plates of the opposite elements the parts which extend beyond the ends of the
plates are not covered with insulation the other portions of each plate being
covered I sometimes place these plates or sheets within a mould or form and
compress them together and force in molten metal or other suitable metal from
the bottom of the mould or form at each end thereby securing the plates or sheets
firmly together and at the same time. I insert the terminals in their proper places

page_text: in the extensions and in order to protect them against oxidation or chemical action
I provide a suitably formed extension in the mould or form so that the molten
metal employed will extend above or beyond the main portion of the same and
surround the said conductors or terminals The projections holding the terminals
are adapted to fit in an insulating collar or washer extending through the lid or
covering or instead of employing extensions so formed I sometimes provide an
inoxydizable water tight insulation in which the portion of the terminals or
conductors within the battery is enclosed this insulation may be applied subsequently
when securing the elements in the proper position within the parts of the magazine
or the compartments designed to receive them the terminals or conductors prefer-
ably extending through the aperture lids covering ends or sides (of the casing)
which are closely sealed with insulating material either as a permanent arrange-
ment or by insulating packing pieces clamped or screwed into position In some
cases I provide for separating the elements by slight projections of insulating
material extending from or placed upon or between the plates previously covered
with the porous insulation so as to permit the free circulation of the liquid. Theso
plates may be of lead or other suitable material or they may be composed of carbon
or metal sheets coated with lead or other suitable material or one of the plates may
be formed of carbon and the other of metal or I may use carbon or coke granulated
or moulded or compressed within moulds into molten lead with or without such
molten metal being mixed with some metal or substance which can be extracted by
chemical means heat or dissolution and such plates may be provided with apertures
recesses or projections upon or within which the active agents will be supported
the porous insulation being subsequently applied. In some cases I provide the
plates or elements with coupling links alternately through each other or at their
ends so as to provide for alternate sections of the positive and negative elements
being coupled in series. I also provide extensions for short circuiting or coupling
the sections at various points throughout the length of the elements or the series
of elements through the medium of the terminals which are combined with the
extensions from the elements as described. I prefer however to always operate
upon the length of the element and sometimes form it with slits or cuts or of a
zig-zag form or in the form of rings or discs or with an aperture or insulation in
the centre so as to prevent short circuiting across the element and also to provide
for uniformity in the charging and discharging of the elements and to provide for
the employment of compound terminals which are connected at various points
throughout the length of the elements for short circuiting or throwing the elements
into multiple series circuit or to provide for a circuit as translating or working
circuits from the elements connected in continuous lengths or tension series Ï
carry these extensions through insulation and protect them as before described,
this arrangement is also applicable when I employ boxes or chambers in which
granulated or pulverized materials are employed I may lead the terminals out at
the sides of the chamber and from opposite ends of the elements through the
insulation and sides or through the insulation solely and the elements may have their
greatest length in a perpendicular or horizontal line or at an angle thereto or may
be of curved corrugated or angular form. I sometimes employ a structure or
metallic casing similar in appearance and in mounting upon the engine to an
ordinary locomotive boiler with insulation in the inner portion as described with
or without the metal being coated with lead or other material, the elements may
extend length-wise of the structure of cylindrical semi-cylindrical flat corrugated
or other form and be superposed side by side or parallel and connected alternatively
or continuously through end plates or insulation or an insulating cap from which
the terminals extend to the switching devices for regulating the charging and
discharging as herein described or the elements may be arranged in two or more
continuous coils or rings or sections thereof like a series of discs or rings having
their opposite ends or sides connected alternatively or coupled in the usual manner,
the arrangement of the elements may be completed before putting them into the
chamber. and the entire structure of elements can then be slipped into place and

page_text: insulation poured in so as to secure the same provision being made for contraction
so as to prevent loosening; this may be accomplished by one or more recesses
dovetailed or otherwise extending around the inner portion or at the ends or I may
place one element after the other in position and cement them in position one after
the other with the necessary insulation or separation preferably through the
medium of porous insulation. Or I sometimes provide the desired insulation by
employing thin sheets of perforated metal upon which I apply the porous
insulation Or I reverse this construction and employ porous insulating sheets and
deposit electrically or otherwise the form of the element upon the opposite sides
thereof first coating the sides mechanically or otherwise with some material
(carbonaceous or otherwise) that has affinity for metal. Under such construction the
clements are brought in close proximity and without the possibility of short
circuiting or the failure of the insulation. Boxes or elements having the form of
discs or flat rings may be employed and be filled with metallic oxides or other
suitable material to provide for the conservation of power electrically when placed
in the electrical circuit with the source or reserve. These elements may be
forced and held firmly in position against any end wise movement by an end piece
provided with lugs which are adapted to pass into recesses and be turned so as to
grip a heavy flange so that the end piece can be forced home against the packing I
also provide for bolting this end piece through the flanges and I preferably employ
a packing piece of insulation between the elements and the end piece or covering.
In order to provide for the attachment of the conducting bars or coupling links
I sometimes provide openings at the top and bottom of the cylinder or chamber or
a channel through which I lead the conducting bars or terminals or provide for
their attachment or I may provide a detachable cap or cover for this purpose which
cap or cover may be removed at pleasure the conductors being carried back
through a channel under the same to the grouping box or system of circuit makers
as herein described. Terminals may be secured at other parts in a similar manner
and be connected in parallel circuit or for short circuiting or in a continuous
circuit or in multiple series in the electrical translating circuit or in the main
charging circuit with or without other magazines in the circuit on one or more of
the vehicles or in the main charging circuit I sometimes construct these magazines
with the elements plates sheets boxes or otherwise secured in cement or insulating
materials at their ends or upon all sides or packed in a somewhat similar manner
in metal casings having parallel sides as upon a tender or at the back of the
driving department or at the side of the motors in the same position relatively
thereto and of about the same form as the water tanks of steam locomotives
the tank provided with the parallel sides with a detachable cover or covers at the
top I sometimes coat or cover the plates with porous insulating material on one
side only and embed these plates in insulation on their ends or edges and fill in
between ench set of plates or in the boxes (with or without openings or porous
sides) the active material metal metallic oxides or salts or metallic substances in a
pulverized granulated or porous condition with or without being mixed with
carbon or coke. I sometimes arrange openings or traps with suitable piping and
valves below the elements so as to provide for drawing off the liquids or removing
the solution or material employed and cleansing the elements or magazine by
washing or otherwise by passing suitable solutions through inlets leading thereto
from the upper portion of the elements, this arrangement can be made applicable
for all the reservoirs and the same devices may be adapted to regulate the force
of the batteries according to the height of the liquid which may be varied at will
by forcing air into an expansible vessel or chamber or bag placed in the liquid
supply portion or by pumping apparatus which may be operated by hand or
through the medium of a pump driven from the axle and by means of governing
valves adapted to operate in the pipes between the air reservoir and electric
reservoir I can provide for increasing or decreasing the height of the liquid by
letting off the air which serves to vary to the height of the column of liquid. Instead
of using a pump for forcing air a similar arrangement may be used for pumping
In

page_text: liquid into a reservoir which is adapted to be used in conjunction with an electric
reservoir through the medium of pipes and valves these valves may be combined
with an electro magnetic device or speed governor so as to regulate the force of the
current in the discharging or charging circuit or both This arrangement is
applicable for cut offs for stopping regulating or varying the consumption of fuel
steam or gas or the speed of shafts operated by compressed air water wind or other
means or for cutting out or putting in electric magazines in the charging circuit
and may be used as electric meters or governing devices at a generating source or
in derived circuits in an electrical system of distribution and may be combined
with the circuits through the medium of electro magnetic devices combined in the
circuits or derived circuits (charging or discharging or both) as described with
reference to other cut offs or regulating devices The elements are adapted to be
in such close proximity that the amount of liquid displaced will be very slight and
the height of the liquid can be indicated by a gauge placed in the driving depart-
ment and as the force of the battery weakens the pressure can be increased thereby
increasing the surface and decreasing the resistance. In electro chemical batteries
I sometimes use independent plates placed between the charging plates; in the
batteries these plates or elements may be secured in position and connected to the
charging or discharging circuit or these metal plates as before stated may be
perforated or porous and support porous insulation or be formed of porous insulating
inaterial and coated with metal. The elements of the battery may be so formed
and the space between the opposite plates or surfaces may be filled with the
metallic oxides or metal in a finely divided state with or without being mixed
with carbon or coke or porous metallic plates for instance lead may be interposed
between these surfaces and in contact with them
In the construction of electric magazines I sometimes employ granulated
materials and solutions separated by suitable metallic diaphragms plates or tubes
(porous or perforated) which are coated with insulation or otherwise as before
described so as to support the active agents with or without metal diaphragm or
portion being in action these plates or supports of cylindrical or other form are
insulated from each other at the ends or edges and are connected continuously or
otherwise with the external circuit preferably as described and through the medium
of a liquid say mercury for instance. The metal or material employed in the plates
or conductors within the active portions of the magazenes is entirely dependent
upon the metallic oxides or materials and solutions used Iron or other metal
may be employed with or without being conted with lead and I may employ
acid or alkaline solutions according to the materials used and I sometimes employ
the oxides of aluminium in combination with suitable conducting material or plates
and insulation and deposited or placed upon or between suitable insulation.
Magazines constructed ns herein described are applicable for all purposes in an
electrical system of distribution as well as for use in the equipment of portable
objects or systems.
A similar construction of magazines is suitable for the storage of electric energy
through the medium of gas evolved electrically or otherwise and the cleinents may
be connected alternatively as herein described or one chamber may be arranged
above the other or inside of it and the terminals in the discharging circuit may be
led therefrom through insulated caps which I preferably form somewhat conical so
as to provide or fit into countersunk recesses and make a tight joint adapted to
resist the pressure of the gas from within the chambers. These boxes or chambers
may be of such a form as to be adapted for use in the construction of the magazines
herein specially provided for the pipes for the introduction of the gases into the
converters or recomposing chamber being led from the main reservoirs to the lower
portion of the converters. The extensions or terminals consisting of any suitable
inaterial metal sheets or porous plates with or without being in a fragmentary or
granulated state and with or without being mixed with or coated with carbon or
coke granulated or otherwise are packed into these chambers and the terminals
extend to the generating or developing sources (when on the engine or portable

page_text: portion of the electric system) so as to provide for being placed in the electric
circuit automatically or otherwise through the medium of the circuit making
devices upon the engine with or without utilizing one or moro of the rails and
wheels of the vehicles; other terminals or extensions extend to the circuit making
devices or external circuit. This second set of terminals is adapted to provide for
the development of the current in the external circuit containing the motors and
the electric regulating dovices or utilating devices as herein described I sometimes
employ a metallic framing (preferably perforated) in the construction of these boxes
chambers or elements and embed them in insulation and provide pipes from the
decomposing chamber (such pipes being covered with lead and an insulating
coating vitreous or otherwise) which pipes are connected at the bottom of the
convertor to admit the gases to their respective chambers. I connect the elements
The olements
in the circuit either alternately or continuously as herein described.
are supported in the outer metallic frames from which they are insulated by
pouring in suitable insulating material or otherwise as herein described. One or
more sets of pipes extend from the convortors to an automatic cut off or safety
valve which cuts out the main holder or the main charging circuit the pressure
being indicated upon a dial or by a pressure gauge or cut off device or by an electric
alarm or both in some cases I provide for working from the main holders or
convertors constructed to develop loss force than that desired in the discharging
circuit or circuits In order to accomplish this I employ condensors or induction
devices with or without magnetic cores or elements or current transforming
devices as herein described
The pressure gauge or cut off device for the magazines whatever may be its
character or the current or pressure regulator or the induction or condensing
devices in which the conductivity of the circuit is regulated or varied with or
without a multiple of conductors or a combination of them may be combined with
(or controlled by) the speed regulator or governor and circuit controllers and with
the main charging circuit along the rails The contact piece or wheel which
I form with a curved face or of any other suitable shape is adapted to work upon
the contact plate extending lengthwise of the track In the construction of these
magazines the main portion may be upon the tender and the converting and
regulating devices be placed upon the engine together with a reserve and the two
magazines may be adapted to operate (through the medium of the devices in series
or otherwise) in the meter or other discharging circuits therefrom or either one
may be employed independently of the other with or without accumulating or
induction devices for regulating the force of the current in one or more of the
circuits in the electrical equipment of the engine vehicle or train. I provido
magazines similar in construction secured in suitable supports under or in connection
with each vehicle so as to connect them with the main charging circuit or circuits
and with these respective circuits containing the translating devices I provide for
charging and discharging these magazinės in groups or pairs or as gas magazines
with low or high force currents with or without interfering with the discharging
or translating circuits In order to secure such magazines firmly in position I
provide suitable chambers of metal which are secured to the framework of the
vehicles through the medium of lugs and screws bolts and nuts or rivets so that
when attached they will constitute a permanent fixture to the vehicle Through
these boxes or through the floor or lower part of the frame of the vehicles I pass
tight fitting plungers or cones which are adapted to slide or move or be screwed
into tight fitting cups suitably insulated into which cups the conductors from the
latter terminate preferably through the medium of a liquid in the circuit as before
described I sometimes employ an elastic insulating packing between the cups and
the plunger by this means I am enabled in all cases to ensure a proper contact The
outer casings or boxes of the electric magazine or some parts thereof are adapted to
exactly fit into the case or receiver provided for the same so that it will be
impossible for the magazines to move when in use and to further ensure this result
the door which is at the end of the outer casing and which is preferably on one

page_text: side of the vehicle is when being closed adapted to force inclined pieces or wedges
over or around the magazines and between the same and the casing, with or
without the employment of an independent spring or weight lock-I sometimes so
arrange such magazines within their enclosing case, or chamber that except at the
will of an operator and with the door opened it will be impossible to remove
a magazine or magazines I also provide locks and keys for controlling the access
to the magazines and to the circuit makers The arrangement of circuits and
contacts is applicable in all the fittings of the train and may be compounded.
When I wish to take off several circuits or make independent connections the
conductors for the elements of the magazine extend through the insulation and
casing and I provide a cup cups or recesses into which the plungers are adapted to
operate as set forth.
It will be understood from the foregoing description with reference to varying the
conductivity of the electrical circuit that I employ either a multiple of conductors or
branches in the main electrical circuit from the generators or producers or in the
devices or the conserving accumulating condensing or induction devices or a
combination of them or derived circuits therefrom with any of such devices or the
translating devices in parallel circuit multiple series or series as may be desired-Or
I provide for an equivalent result by varying the conductivity of the electrical circuit
by varying the volume or quantity or height of a liquid or a combination of liquids
(metallic or good conducting with or without an insulating liquid for covering
the good conductor or series of them or with an insulating or bad conducting
liquid) and varying to a mathematical correctness the surface of the conducting
material in the devices adapted to be operative or controlled by the thermo or
magneto electro devices or otherwise dependent upon the consumption or conser-
vation or utilization of electric energy or the electric potential in the derived
circuits with or without accumulating or storing devices in such circuits or in the
main electrical circuits supplied directly from the generating source (dynamo or
magneto electric or otherwise) operated by gas engines steam engines water or wind
engines or motors or otherwise or from accumulating conserving or converting
devices other than or in combination with the generating source or from the
reserves of electric energy. I sometimes employ such devices or both for regulating
the generative capacity of the generators of a dynamo or magneto electric machine
or a series of them with the devices coupled in parallel circuit multiple series or
series in the main external circuit or in a derived or shunt circuit therefrom in
which is included the coils of the field magets either in multiple series or parallel
circuit or series or capable of being automatically or otherwise changed from one
to the other dependent upon the force of the current or the force of the current
desired or the resistance of the external circuit or for varying the conductivity of
the electrical circuit including the coils element or elements of the armature or
field magnet or magnets of the generating machine machines or sections thereof
coupled for high or low force currents or in a continuous circuit (with or without
the reversal of the current one or more times during each revolution) by the
employment of a multiple of branches of greater or less conductivity independently
or collectively so as to provide for injecting into or ejecting from or short circuiting
or interrupting the sections or parts of the field magnets or armature or both from
the circuit so as to provide for varying the conductivity of such portions of the
circuit and with or without altering the connections of such circuit from series to
multiple series or parallel circuit or vice versa automatically or otherwise or for
decreasing the length of such portion of the circuit partially or entirely as the
working resistance in the external circuit may be thrown into or out of circuit or
use so as to vary in parallel circuit nultiple series or otherwise with return by earth
or the reverse or by an insulated circuit. This method of short circuiting
is applicable for converting the current from high force to low force or
vice versa through the medium of any kind of convertor or electric potential
transformer reducer or regulator or a combination of them and is well
suited for induction devices condensers accumulators or electric magazines

page_text: electric chemical or gas batteries and through the medium of the regulating
devices or switching devices and liquid in the circuits it is practicable
to utilize and regulate currents of any force and to provide for the utilization of
currents of any potential or tension or to vary the tension as may be desired even
from the same accumulating storing or converting devices either from the generator
or developer or the transformer or regulator at any portion of an electrical circuit
for instance if an accumulator or battery or condensor or induction coils or a
combination of them is coupled in series or connected continuously by leading off
from any portion of such devices derived circuits of less conductivity than would
be required to discharge such part in a given time independent currents may be
developed in the external circuits and the difference in the force of the currents will
be in proportion to the differenco of surface or the number of elements in series or
the length or resistance in the devices in such circuits-In 60 constructing motors
generating machines or devices as to provide for such method of working-I employ
a multiple of branches leading into the same or main circuit element or coil and each
set of magnets or elements or coil is connected with one circuit by a common
conductor or a series of them and through the medium of the circuit making or
regulating devices with or without being combined with a speed regulator indicator
or controller mechanically or electrically operated as upon the shaft of a motor or
electrically operative through the passage of the current through the circuit the
resistance in which is varied by the translating devices being thrown into and out
of operation and adapted to operate in loop or derived circuits in parallel circuit
multiple are or multiple series and with or without being combined with devices or
means for storing energy in one or more of the circuits adapted to have their
internal resistance varied by such means. I sometimes combine the multiple of
circuits with a circuit controlling or switching device or devices operated either
entirely or partially by hand with or without being combined with a speed
regulator or governor (electric or otherwise) so as to provide for placing the
armature or field magnets or both of an electric motor or a series of them in
the electrical circuit either in series parallel circuit or multiple series either with the
main electrical circuit directly or through the medium of a derived or branch circuit
insulated partly or entirely with return by earth or the reverse with or without
accumulating storing or converting devices in the circuit thereto from the developing
source or reserve and with or without other means in the circuit for varying
the conductivity or resistance in such circuit at the generating source or elsewhere.
By this means I am enabled to connect the elements of the generator or storing
device or a series of them with the electrical circuit either in series or in multiple
arc or series automatically or otherwise or both through the medium of the
compound circuit maker and circuits in the electrical circuit of the stationary
portion or in the equipment of tramcars engines trains or other portable objects
with or without automatic cut offs to prevent the backward flow of the current by
the pressure of gas the height of liquid springs weights heat electrically or any
combination of such means in the circuits or derived circuits from the main
charging circuits or the discharging circuits or between the stationary and portable
circuits of the system or in the circuits adapted to be combined with one or more
motors or sections of one or more moters connected in series or parallel or multiple
circuit with or without the employment of a liquid in the circuit as described
In some cases I maintain the circuit making or regulating device or cut off in its
normal position by means of a spring weight float or collapsible medium combined
with a stop so that a minimum conductiveity is maintained in the circuit or the
circuit is absolutely broken except through the helix of the solenoid or one of the
individual helices In all cases when suitably regulated the circuit maker will be
automatically adjusted in exact accordance with the resistance in the discharging
or external circuit or any combination of them or in accordance with the speed of
the shaft or the current developed or transmitted in the main circuit or derived
circuit or an independent circuit which represents a certain portion or relation to
the main circuit or the force or consumption or conservation in such circuit-By

page_text: these means the automatic circuit makers and the current passing will be controlled
as the solenoid or other electric translating device combined with the circuit maker.
will operate upon the core armature or part in proportion to the resistance in the
circuit and thereby regulate or vary the conductivity of such circuit I prefer to
employ independent circuits for the motors or devices in which there are wide
variations in the work being done and regulate such circuits in a similar manner-
And such device is an efficient governor for a motor and can be adapted to be
operative by a current developed by the rotation or movement of the motor either
from a suitably wound coil or coils or the inductors of the arinature or a miniature
generator mounted upon the shaft of the motor for instanco a metal disc or a
continuous coil may be employed with suitably arranged pole pieces or electro
magnets or permanent magnets and with or without commutators I may employ
a disc machine with a sharp cutting or bevelled edge or periphery with the
developing element connected in the circuit through the medium of mercury or a
liquid and I sometimes cover or surround this wheel with a shield which will
prevent loss of the liquid due to centrifugal force I prefer to employ. permanent
magnets or include the magnets in a derived circuit from the main-The current
developed by such device or a portion of the circuit leads to the switching device
electro-magnetically thermo-electrically or otherwise operated so as to provide for
varying the conductivity of the main circuit or for interrupting and completing such
circuit or for varying the conductivity or resistance of the converting device in the
charging and discharging circuit and maintaining a determined force of current in
the derived circuit at variance with the force of the current developed by the
generator or at the source The regulating device for a derived circuit can have
the conductors connected at their ends to one of the derived circuits or conductors
of a multiple arc or other circuit and by the employment of a liquid as before
stated or a series of insulated contact parts and a plunger or rotating piece having
an armature or core with or without being mounted upon a lever or rocking beam
so as to be adapted to be held in position by a spring or weight and be operated
by a solenoid or magnet or a series of them which are combined in the external
circuit of the derived translating working or discharging circuit of one or both
branches in such a manner as to regulate the current passing through the circuit.
and to reduce the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits or to
regulate the current in the circuit to meet the variations or fluctuatious of
consumption transmission or development by the action of the current through the
medium of the armative core or other means which is depressed or clevated
thereby so as to vary the height of the liquid by varying the surface or resistance
in the multiple of conductors in the circuit or the volume of liquid
I combine with a main or generator circuit a series of accumulating storing or
converting and regulating devices charged in series multiple series or otherwise
therefrom with a current of high tension and I' reduce or vary the force of the
current in the separate translating circuits by the employment of automatio
switching devices controlled by pumping or compressing a liquid air or gases or by
the evolution of gas in one or more cylinders provided with one or more piston
valves or cut offs and with a spring or weight or other means for completing a
circuit so as to fire the gas evolved upon a definite accumulation so as to provide
for placing the accumulating storing or converting devices alternatively or
consecutively in the main and translating circuits or such actuating devices can be
combined with recording devices for registering and measuring the current. By
such ineans the translating or discharging circuits are rendered independent of
the generator or source of electricity for a given time I thereby control the
movement of the devices for alternately or consecutively making the connection
with the generator or source of electricity or reducing the force of the current in
the translating or discharging circuits
In such a system of electrical distribution the electrical generating devices
electric lamps motors or other translating devices may all be arranged in an
insulated circuit in multiple arc or multiple series in parallel circuit with or

page_text: without utilizing the earth as a portion of the main circuit as a return or the
reverse and with or without utilizing partially an uninsulated circuit as a portion
of the translating or discharging circuit in which accumulating storing or
converting devices are consecutively alternatively or intermittently thrown into
the charging and discharging circuits through the medium of the switching devices
controlled by electro magnetic or other suitable device or devices adapted to be
operated in proportion to the consumption of energy in the circuit or otherwise the
accumulating or storing devices being combined or connected in the charging
and discharging circuit through the medium of conductors of suitable conductivity
to to regulate the current passing or in other words to vary the resistance or
conductivity in the charging and discharging circuits or the number of elements
coupled in series or the length of the element charged or to short circuit the same
at one or more points when working into the discharging circuit through the
medium of the switching or commutating devices.
I sometimes combine lamps motors or other translating devices with the supply
circuit of high force through the medium of reservoirs condensors induction or
accumulating devices whose elements or parts are alternatively consecutively or
intermittently placed in the charging and discharging circuits through the medium
of a derived circuit which limits the current and a switching or commutating
device having electrical connections and including electro magnetic devices for
altering the circuits by short circuiting or otherwise so as to vary the force of the
current from high to low force through a multiple series circuit parallel circuit.or a
series of circuits or vice versa.
I sometimes employ are semi-incandescent or incandescent lamps or any of them
in serios for special uses. I regulate the force of the currents in such circuits by
varying the conductivity as herein provided for through the medium of short
circuiting devices and electrical circuits adapted to provide for transforming high
tension currents to currents of low tension or vice versa with or without
alternating the current the lamps may be arranged in multiple arc or multiple
series or series and the force of the current can be varied or regulated by short
circuiting by a multiple of circuits the elements or length or surface of the
induction condensing or accumulating devices through the medium of the switching
devices with or without the employment of a liquid or a combination of liquids in
the circuit as herein described or for increasing or varying the number of tho
elements in the series or charging or discharging circuit or the carrying capacity or
conductivity of the circuit through the medium of the circuit making device with
or without a multiple of conductors or with or without a liquid or a combination
of them in the circuit adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of such portion
of the circuit between the high tension portion of the circuit and the reduced
tension through the medium of electro magnetic devices as herein provided for.
I combine with these regulating devices means for working the cut offs to the
steam cylinders gas cylinders or fuel supply gas or liquid or the dampers for the
admission of air with the electro magnetic or other devices as herein provided for
indicating the conservation of energy and the conductivity of the circuit so as to
obviate waste of fuel or power.
1 sometimes employ for regulating or varying the force of the current or for
regulating or varying the resistance or conductivity in an electric circuit a
continuous conductor lapped or folded backwards and forwards alternatively or in
the form of a coil each coil or fold being insulated from each other and arranged
parallel or at an angle to each other and at right angles or at an angle to a vertical
axis and I sometimes employ a series of these arranged upon a movable piece or
plunger or upon a stationary part so that the greatest length of the conductor will
represent the greatest resistance and I employ mercury or the liquid conductor
with or without insulating liquid as a covering and adapted to be operated in the
electrical circuit by decreasing or increasing the height of the liquid and increasing
or decreasing the conductivity of the circuit as before stated through the medium
of a device.

page_text: I sometimes employ a conducting surface or a multiple of them of a film of metal
upon insulation in the form of a V so that the point of the conductor will represent
the minimum conductivity of the circuit and the resistance will become decreased
in proportion as the height of the column of liquid is increased.
I sometimes provide a series of these pointed terminals with a plunger or
displacer of insulating material between them and, adapted to provide for varying
the height of the liquid. In some cases such conductors connected with the
discharging circuit is made of increased conductivity in proportion as I wish to
decrease the force of the current in the discharging circuit
I preferably form these conductors for use in such portions of the circuit by
depositing electrically or otherwise or embedding the same in recesses formed
upon insulating material which forms the walls of the chamber in which the liquid
is placed-Or such conductors may be built up or formed on detachable plates
adapted to fit into such chambera
In order to provide efficient means for short circuiting the current in case of
undue pressure in the branches or in any other circuit I employ a liquid for
instance mercury covered with insulating liquid as before stated which is placed in
a box or chamber into which the conductor of the derived circuit extends I fit a
piston or float which is combined with an electric translating device for instance
the core of a solenoid with or without being combined with a rocking lever
suitably supported and weighted. This electric translating device is included in
the return portion of the circuit or in a loop connected with the main so as to
short circuit any excess of current to the return or to the main. The amount of
the mercury in the main derived circuit represents the conductivity or slightly less
than the conductivity of such circuit or the maximum current designed to be
passed through such circuit. In case there shall be any excess or undue pressure
in such circuit the liquid will be expanded and thereby close the derived or loop
circuit and short circuit the current in exact accordance with the excess arising
from the undue pressure.
I preferably enclose the liquid in the main circuit in a chamber so as to provide
for any possible expansion of the liquid.
Or the circuit may be completed from or upon some predetermined rise of the
liquid and the electro magnet or solenoid may be thrown into the circuit and will
actuate the armature carrying a plunger for short circuiting interrupting or
reducing the flow of the current in the derived or main circuit or the rise and fall
of the liquid can provide for completing and interrupting the circuit through a
fixed connection or a series of fixed connections extending in suitable proximity to
the chamber containing the liquid. I sometimes employ a multiple of conductors
or a pointed piece of platinum or iron or other metal coated with platinum silver
copper or an alloy.
These portions of the circuit either in parallel multiple are or series circuit are
arranged in suitable insulation with or without a metallic casing or box for.
connection with tubular or other sections by screw couplings or otherwise which
are preferably so formed as to provide for forcing in and retaining insulation
heated or under pressure
I sometimes employ as main conductors copper or other suitable metal bars
wires or tubes which are placed in iron casings tubes or boxes with suitablo
vitreous or other insulating material between the said main conductor and the
outer casing and I coat or cover the outer casing with a metal or an alloy of better
conductivity than iron say copper with or without employing a protecting or
inoxidizable coating thereon and I sometimes provide projections or arms therefrom
(which may also be coated with metal or metallic alloy to prevent oxidation) to
extend into the earth portion of the circuit these projections or arms may extend
for some distance therefrom or be connected with water channels water or gas
pipes or railway tracks in order to provide for reducing the resistance to the
derived circuits in which the translating or utilizing devices are included or
adapted to operate in multiple arc multiple series or loops in series with or without

page_text: condensing or induction devices and with or without devices or means in the
stationary and portable portions of the system to provide for the conservation of
power in the form of electric energy and devices and means to provide for
regulating converting or varying the electric potential as may be desired for any
use or application from current transformers or regulators or parts or sections thereof
When utilizing a natural force such as the wind, tide, the heat of the Sun, the
force, or fall of water, I provide means to regulate the developement of the current
by the conservation or accumulation of the power in the form of electric energy 80
as to cut the generator or series out of the circuit by float or valve pumping or
compressing devices and in combination with the shaft of the Windmotor, I
employ a weighted governor which will regulate and vary the position of the
blades of the motor dependent upon the speed of the electric generator or the speed
of the wind. The angle or position of a parabolic reflector may be varied and
regulated in somewhat similar manner through the medium of a second reflector or
part combined with the main electrically or mechanically in fact any means which
provides for converting and utilizing such power may be utilized for varying the
position of such devices dependent upon the heat evolved for instance through the
medium of a liquid column and a float or piston which is combined with the.
reflector the position will be regulated dependent upon the beat concentrated by
making the normal position of the reflector so as to be suited to the position the
sun occupies relatively to the device in the morning and the temperature to be
imparted thereby the reflector will be automatically regulated or it can be operated
by time mechanism. I prefer however to form the reflector and chamber
containing liquid which is of Glass or metal so that the heat will be utilized through
the medium of such liquid either by the generation of Steam and the utilization of
-the Steam for motive power to drive dynamo or magneto-electric machines or by
the conversion of the heat through the medium of the liquid diffuser and thermo
electric clements which are preferably coupled with an accumulating or
transforming device or series of them of low internal resistance through the
medium of a commutating or switching device adapted to alternatively or
consecutively place the elements of such device in the charging and discharging
circuits with or without other converting conserving or transformning devices to
operate as current transformers and transmitters at the developing source or
stations or in the derived discharging or working circuit switching circuit making
devices and devices for varying the conductivity of the circuits derived or main or
both being employed as herein provided for in the circuits provided with
translating devices with return by earth or the reverse with or without devices or
means to make the translating devices in the discharging or working circuits
independent of the generating and storing devices or either of them for a given time
and for utilization in portable systems or devices equipped with electrical circuits
and devices for the translation of electric energy into light heat motive power or
for the purposes of traction over fixed electrical circuits or sections or to or from
fixed points or places the devices being coupled in multiple arc multiple series
parallel circuit or series or any combination of such circuits. I sometimes provide
for the circulation and diffusion of the liquid and the regulation of the
temperature of the elements and the conservation of energy by the employment of
a series of pipes connected to a vertical pipe each of these pipes lead to a return
pipe connected with the heating chamber in the circuit of the liquid in which the
thermo electric elements or series of them can be placed so as to provide for the
development of an electric current in the external circuit or circuits of low
resistance in which the accumulating conserving or converting devices are adapted
to operate as will be understood from the foregoing description.
The variation in the volume of liquid may provide for varying the number of the
conserving devices in the electric circuit or for decreasing or stopping the
generation of the currents by employing a shade or governor whose position is
electro magnetically or otherwise controlled so as to reduce or vary the surface
exposed to the action of the sun the devices described for cutting the conserving

page_text: devices out of the charging circuit or for regulating the charging and discharging
circuit or measuring the energy stored or conserved or for proportioning the
generation to the. the consumption or for regulating the electric potential or
pressure in the circuits can be combined with the devices for varying the surface
exposed such surface may consist of a series of suitably formed lenses so as to
provide for the concentration or focussing of the rays so as to heat the chamber
containing the liquid. These devices may be supported upon a frame whose position
is controlled by time mechanism or by the height or column of the liquid or other-
wise as herein described for stopping or regulating the development or conservation
of the electric currents.
I employ these improvements for the distribution of electric energy for light heat
or motive power and for operating electrical railways or in the equipment of
waggons vehicles engines or trains or other portable objects adapted to be operated
over fixed or determined lines or from fixed or determined points or places such as
hoists elevators or vassels or torpedoes operated through tho agency of electric
currents electric motor or motors connected or combined with a shaft axle or
series of them either directly or through the medium of gearing (frictional or
otherwise) for communicating motion to shaft for driving or propelling a vehicle
train or object over a circuit (metallic or partially metallic) with or without
accumulating storing or current converting or transforming or regulating devices
upon one or more of the waggons vehicles or trains and with or without devices or
means in the circuit of the stationary portion of the electrical circuit .to reduce
convert or transform the force of the current or electric potential in the devices or
means or working circuits forming part of the electrical equipment of the waggon
vehicle train or other portable object or a series of them adapted to utilize electric
energy for light heat motive power brake power independently or collectively
through the medium of electrical circuits and suitable translating regulating or
converting and conserving devices with the devices or means employed as herein
set forth or in combination with the devices means or methods of working
apparatus or combinations as set forth in the Specifications of Letters Patent herein
before referred to.
In the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf I
have described methods or means whereby I provide for decreasing the amount of
metal employed in the main electric circuit or circuits by the accumulation of
power at fixed points or places in an electrical system of distribution and also for
further reducing the cost of an electrical system by providing for the transmission
of currents of high potential through tho main conductors or circuits indicated in
the accompanying drawings by the reference letter a and reducing and regulating
the force of the currents in the translating or discharging circuits indicated in the
accompanying drawings by the reference letter b to regulate and vary the pressure
tension or electro motive force of a current or currents in the circuits a or b or any
combination of circuits of supply and translation in which branches or derived
circuits are employed as desired for any or all purposes for instance for utilization
through the medium of incandescent lamps 1 arc lamps 2 electric motors 3 electric
beaters 4 adapted to operate with currents of lower resistance in the derived
circuits 6 than in the main circuits a in which the devices for translating electric
energy are coupled in parallel circuit either in series or multiple arc or in series or
with translating devices either for utilizing continuous or alternating currents of
high internal resistance placed in derived circuits or loops b from the main circuit
in series or in derived parallel circuits with or without devices or means c for
accumulating or storing electric energy in the derived circuits b at a distance from
the generating station a* or main reserve a¹ with devices or means 5 for regulating
or varying the electric potential in the derived circuits b or in both the main and
derived circuits a and b.
By such means I am enabled to utilize electric currents with safety and for any
purpose or application. By such methods of working it is not only possible but
practicable to utilize any power however distant and, to transmit through the

page_text: "
'
electrical circuit a the energy or power converted with any speed pressure or
tension thereby utilizing the capital expenditure to the best advantage and
rendering it more economical to convey through the electrical circuits a and b to
cities towns or villages along the railway lines or elsewhere the power obtainable
from the conversion of coal natural forces or otherwise.than otherwise possible.
I provide for distributing regulating transmitting and utilizing an electric current
or currents from circuits of high potential or vice versa or of varying potential so as
to provide for the utilization of any means of production and with high or low
- potential adapted to operate in the main circuits and derived circuits of an electrical
apparatus or system of distribution for the operation of railways or tramways for
the propulsion of vessels for the production of light heat or motive power for
traction purposes for the extraction of metals electrically or otherwise or to provide
for the conservation of power in the form of electric energy for such or other uses
or applications
In carrying my invention into practico I provide various devices for regulating
or varying the electric potential and rendering the discharging circuits 6 inde-
pendent of the main circuits a and for making the utilization of electric energy
throughout the system or on portable parts of the system, for the operation of
vehicles on railways tramways or along railway lines or over or from fixed electrical
circuits independent of the main electrical circuit or circuits a or the generator
or both the generating source a* and main reserve a¹ for a given time and my
improvements are designed especially to be used in such a system or with such a
method of working or means employed therein or therefor At the various houses
works buildings stations or places along a railway or throughout a city town
district or elsewhere the translating devices are adapted to be supplied and operated
in the discharging or working circuits 6 (independent or otherwise) which are
supplied from the main circuit a the translating or working resistances being
adapted to operate in such derived branch or sub-branch circuits in series or
multiple are or multiple series circuit or any combination of such circuits 6 with
insulated or partially insulated circuits a with returns by earth or the reverse.
In order to obviate loss or waste of energy I employ cut offs d automatically or
otherwise operated to make and break the charging circuit a or both the charging
circuit a and the discharging circuit 6 consecutively alternately or simultaneously
or otherwise in such a manner as to provide for maintaining a supply of energy in
the working translating or discharging circuit or circuits b the conservation or
accumulation of energy and the force of the current or currents in such circuit or
circuits b being regulated varied or suited to the translating device or devices
1, 2, 3, 4 in operation therein (in series parallel circuit or otherwise) or the conser-
vation or discharge of energy in or from such circuits 6 with or without varying
the pressure or electric potential in the main conductor or conductors a or charging
and discharging circuits or independent discharging circuits. In order to provide
for such a result the derived loop or other circuits b extending from the main
circuit a to supply the translating devices or working resistances in such working
or discharging circuit or circuits b (with or without accumulators electric magazines
induction or similar conserving or storing devices c or a combination of them) aro
of such proportions or capacity as to provide for sub dividing the current and con-
ducting it as required into the various branches or circuits b so as to supply the
· various devices adapted to operate in independent circuits b through the medium of
accumulating conserving or storing devices c or otherwise. That is to say the con-
ductivity of the branch 6 is in accordance with the maximum units of electric
energy required in the circuit 6 during a certain period or at any given time and
the conductivity of this brauch 6 may be decreased or varied in accordance with the
conservation of energy in such circuit and such circuit can have a fixed conduc-
tivity or a variable conductivity dependent upon the conservation accumulation or
utilization of energy in such circuit b and according to the pressure or electric
potential in the main a which as before stated may be variable and dependent
ɩ upon the units of; energy desired to be transmitted through the circuit for instance
k

page_text: if the ordinary working pressure should be 10,000 volts through an electric circuit
conveying at such pressure 1000 horse pressure of energy into the translating or
discharging circuits 6 (with or without accumulating devices c adapted to make the
translating working or discharging circuits b independent of the main circuit or
circuits a for a given time or intermittently alternately or consecutively either
automatically or otherwise) by the employment of the device or means 5 in the
discharging circuits 6 for varying the conductivity or sectional area of a portion of
such circuits it is practicable (the main circuit or circuits a being suitably insulated
either partially or entirely) to increase the units of energy transmitted through the
main electrical circuit or circuits a to any extent to which the insulation will
permit I therefore construct my electrical conductors a insulated or partly
insulated, with return by earth or the reverse or so as to provide an insulated circuit
with the derived loop or branch circuit b having translating devices or working
resistances connected in multiple are multiple series or series and I provide the
necessary maximum insulation upon such main circuit or circuits a or portions
thereof and the branch or derived circuit b or portions thereof through which the
high tension current or currents are transmitted or designed to be transmitted. The
derived circuit circuits or branches b may consist of a single or multiple conductor
whose conductivity or the number of individual branches or terminals will be
regulated through the medium of the device 5
A single conductor or a multiple of conductors or branches of varied or uniform
conductivity represents the conductivity in such portion of the circuit so as to
provide for conveying and limiting the units of energy diverted from the main
circuit a at each branch or derived circuit or feeder 6 and in order to provide for
reducing regulating or varying the force in the discharging or working circuits b
irrespective of the force or dependent upon the force tension or electric potential in
the main circuit a and dependent upon the number of lamps 1, 2 heaters 4 motors
3 or other translating devices in or out of operation and with or without other
converting accumulating storing or regulating devices c such as accumulating or
induction devices electro-chemical gas batteries or magazines or a combination of
them with switching or commutating devices d combined with electro, magnetic
devices d'adapted to provide for the storage of energy or for the transformation of
alternating into continuous currents or vice versa or to provide for the distribution
of continuous or alternating currents in the same system stationary or portable or
both as may be desired.
The translating devices or working resistances 1, 2, 3, 4 are connected in the
working or discharging circuits b so as to provide for translating (into light heat
or motive power or for other purposes) electric currents supplied from the main
circuit or circuits a and derived circuits or branches therefrom so as to constitute
multiple arc multiple series or series circuit with or without utilizing the earth or a
partially uninsulated circuit as a portion of such circuit or one or more of the
circuits (with or without the employment of conserving or accumulating or current
transforming devices adapted to render the discharging or working circuit or
circuits b independent of the charging circuit or circuits for a given time) the
supply of the current to such discharging or working circuits b or to the translating
devices or working resistances 1, 2, 3, 4 being regulated through the medium of the
device 5 provided with a series of conductors or the equivalent thereof and
adapted to operate so as to provide for conducting the currents into the working or
translating circuits 6 and for varying or stopping the supply dependent upon the
consumption in the circuits b at different houses or works or translating. devices or
groups of them. The construction and arrangement of such device 5 adapted to
form a portion of the circuit is such as to provide for varying the current passing
and the potential in such circuit or circuits b by decreasing the carrying capacity
or conductivity of such portion of the circuit or circuits automatically dependent
upon the conservation accumulation or consumption of energy in such circuit or
circuits b. It is necessary as is well known to limit or vary the supply in such
circuits and this may be regulated by resistances adapted to be rendered operative

page_text: in the circuits through the medium of the translating devices themselves or through
the medium of accumulating or storing devices c so that the supply in the
discharging or working circuits b will be controlled by the resistance in such circuits
dependent upon the resistance in the derived or loop circuits therefrom in which
the translating devices 1, 2, 3, 4 are adapted to operate (with or without accumu
lating storing condensing or induction devices c being employed therein as
converters or regulators of potential).
In carrying into practice this portion of my invention relating to the regulation
of the force of the current in the discharge or working circuits and the variation
of the force in the discharge or working circuits I employ the improvement
described in the Specifications of the former Letters Patent herein referred to I
provide for regulating and varying the tension of the current by the employment
of conductors or channels provided with increasing or decreasing sections with a
minimum of conductivity in the circuit 6 between the translating devices 1, 2, 3, 4,
and the main charging circuit a. The conductivity of such portion of the circuit 1
at 5 provides for conveying the necessary supply of energy into the translating or
working circuit 6 or to the accumulating or converting devices c and for regulating
the supply and tension of the current transmitted from the main charging circuit a
into the circuits b irrespective of the difference of the electric potential between
the main circuit a and the working or discharging circuits b.
In the Specifications of some former of the said Letters Patent I provide for
increasing the conductivity of the discharging and working circuits b or in other
words decreasing the resistance and making the discharging or working circuits b
practically independent of the main charging circuits a and in the Specification of
my Letters Patent No 24 A.D. 1883 I have provided for varying the conductivity
in the derived loop or branch circuits with or without the employment of devicos c
for accumulating or storing energy in the discharging or working circuits b
In order to effectually accomplish these results I sometimes provide a series of
conductors or branches 6 forming part of the device 5 as herein more fully
described each of which or one of which reprèsents a fraction or a minimum
consumption of energy in such translating circuits 6 or the maximum consumption
possible through one of the translating devices or working resistances in such
circuits 6 employed or designed to be employed in the translating or working
circuit or circuits b. The conductivity of the derived branch or loop circuit
through the device 5 from the main circuit a to the series of branches or sections:
of such circuit 6 is such as to provide for conducting the maximum supply of
current through the translating circuit or circuits 6 when all the translating
devices in such circuit or circuite shall be in operation providing. the force of the
current or the electric potential in the main circuit shall not be below some
predetermined standard which is preferably of high potential and thereby provides
a certain supply and for reducing the sectional area or weight of metal employed in
the length of the main electrical circuit. In the circuit extending from the
branches or sections 6 I can employ a conductor or conductors having a greater
amount of metal in a given length or of such section as to provide for offering less
resistance to the passage of the current through the portion of the circuit leading
from the device 5 to the translating device or devices than an equivalent length of
the portion of the circuit to or formed through the medium of such device. A
conductor or conductors may be led from the device 5 or conductor 6 to each
translating or other device for utilizing or conserving or accumulating electric
energy or a single multiple arc parallel circuit or a series of circuits may be
employed from which derived or loop circuits are carried in which the translating
devices or the conserving or accumulating devices are adapted to operate or
combination of them.
Where independent circuits are employed leading from the device 5 and adapted
to operate in conjunction with the branches or sections 6 by making the carrying
capacity of the section of the conductor of a conductivity suited to supply the
* current necessary for translating device or other apparatus the resistance in the

page_text: circuit 6 will be regulated through the medium of the device adapted to operate in
such circuit as the section or conductivity of the regulating portion of the circuit
is increased in proportion as the force of the current from the main charging circuit a
is to be reduced in the discharging circuit b but I prefer to employ a circuit making
device which is combined with an electro magnetic or other device as at 5 so as to
operate automatically and be adjustable for the purpose intended. This circuit
making or regulating device 5 may consist of conical spherical or other suitably
formed plunger or movable part 7 of conducting or nonconducting material or of
both conducting and nonconducting material and of a single conductor 8 or of a
series of conductors 6 the series of conductors being insulated from each other so
as to form part of the discharging or working circuit 6 to or from the regulating
portion of the circuit forming part of the device 5 so that the current will operate
upon a magnet or solenoid 5 or an electro magnetic or electric translating device
which is combined with means adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of
the circuit through the device 5 in accordance with the variation of resistance or
the consumption or utilization of energy in the circuits b through the medium of
the translating devices or working resistances adapted to be supplied therefrom or
operato thereon with or without devices or means in such circuit for accumulating
conserving or storing electric energy. Instead of forming the branches or series
of conductors 6 upon or with the movable piece being insulated from each other
they may terminate in proximity to the plunger or circuit making device 7 or be
adapted to be included in the electrical circuit consecutively through the medium
of such device dependent upon the number of translating or conserving devices or
the consumption utilization or discharge of energy in or from the working or
discharging circuit b. I sometimes employ a series of these devices mounted upon
a rocking beam or shaft 9 so as to constitute a compound circuit maker or
otherwise operative for reversing the current through an electrical circuit or for
cutting an accumulating or converting device out of the charging circuit and
placing another accumulating or converting device in a working or discharging
circuit or for regulating the electric potential in the circuits of the same or for
varying the potential with or without the medium of a weight or spring for
maintaining a set variation or regulation. This device may be coupled in a derivod
multiple arc, multiple series, or series circuit with or without being combined with
measuring and recording devices and with or without being controlled by magnetic
devices d or devices of simple or compound form adapted to operate or be controlled
through the medium of an independent circuit or circuits e provided with a simple
or compound circuit maker e' at a distant point or station or in a signalman's cabin
combined or otherwise with a centrallized system of circuit makers through the
medium of interlocking mechanism such as is described or illustrated in the
Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf or in
figures 29 to 35 of the accompanying drawings. Each of the branches or sections
of the conductors of reduced or minimum conductivity may represent the amount
of energy necessary for a single translating device say one incandescent lamp or
the smallest possible fraction to be consumed through the medium of any one of
the translating or utilizing devices.
In constructing this circuit making and regulating device I sometimes arrange
these branches or sectional conductors 6 that they are insulated from each other
Buch branches or sectional conductors consisting of very fine wire or strips of metal
or foil and I sometimes interpose pyro-insulating material between them so that
they are separated from each other their points occupying a position above or in
advance of each other spirally or otherwise so that one conductor after another
can be placed in circuit either as the stationary or movable portion of the circuit.
In constructing such devices or portions of the circuit in multiple I sometimes
provide for electrically depositing the conductors upon sheets of insulating material
Bay asbestos and support them one above the other or deposit or mould or fuse
them in recesses dovetailed or otherwise.

page_text: The conical spherical circular pyramidal or other suitably formed plunger 7 or
rotating circuit making devico d may be adapted to fit closely in a case or box of
insulating material through which the conductor or conductors S extend the
insulating material and conductors being enclosed within a suitable casing
(metallic or otherwise) with means for attachment to the electrical circuit by a
screw coupling or couplings or otherwise. The circuit making device 7 or d is so
arranged as to be supported in bearings or guides d* or 7* and is provided with an
axle or extension d' or 10 for connection with the core of a solenoid 11 electric
motor d pressure valve or float 12 or other device which is adapted to be operated
through the medium or action of or the work done by the electric current passing
through the translating or discharging circuit b or to or from the conserving or
accumulating device or devices c or through the medium (partly or entirely) of the
action of an electric meter or electro magnet device with or without compressing
or pumping devices valves or floats gas meters thermo electric meters or thermo
electric regulators or any combination of such devices in the circuit or derived
circuit or both adapted to operate in the discharging or working circuit or a portion
of the circuit through the medium of a derived circuit therefrom or both such
circuits.
In order to obviate firing or to ensure good contact I employ a liquid, metallic
or otherwise, in the circuit making or regulating device 5, d.or the like I sometimes
employ mercury and cover the same with an insulating liquid for instance paraffin;
glycerine, or the like. Or I sometimes provide for regulating the conductivity
through the medium of a non-metallic fluid between the metal conductors 8. In
the normal position of the circuit maker it is only possible for a minimum amount
of current to pass but as each translating or other consuming or utilizing device is
placed in the circuit through the medium of their independent controlling
devices 13 e¹ or f one or more branches or working resistances are thrown into
the circuit as the switching device 7 displaces the mercury or other liquid in
proportion to the current passing by which provision is made for the movement of
the circuit making device through the medium of a solenoid or other device which
can be connected in a loop multiple are multiple series or otherwise in a derived
circuit from the discharging or working circuit b with or without operating upon
the portion of the circuit to an accumulating or independent converting device or
devices adapted to provide for making the discharging circuits b independent of the
main circuit a through the medium of switching or commutating devices d
operative through the medium of an electro magnetic device d¹ or a thermo electric
device a compressing or pumping device 14 or other suitable devices or any
combinations of them with or without measuring and recording devices 15 for
indicating the consumption conservation accumulation or utilization of electric
energy in the discharging or working circuit b
In some cases I arrange these devices in combination with the devices or means
for measuring or representing the current or a portion of the current passing
through the discharging or working circuit or the main derived circuit b so that
the circuit inaker 5 is maintained in the desired position partly or entirely through
the medium of the devices or means combined with the meter or adapted to
provide for or operate in conjunction with the device for measuring the current.
For this purpose I sometimes empty (within a chamber 16 for instance) a pressure
salve or float 12 or a mercurial column and a plunger or displacer which is
mounted in guides or supports or upon a rocking beam or shaft provided with
rockers or excentrics and with or without locking or engaging faces and with or
without a spring or weight so that the pressure of air or gas or the height or
column of liquid in the chamber 16 or the expansion or contraction of the device
for the measurement of the current will permit of or cause the movement of the
circuit making device 5 so as to vary the current passing in the derived circuit b
or otherwise. For instance within the tube I employ a liquid which extends to
the two ends thereof the said tube being so formed or provided with reservoirs or

page_text: chambers at each end that there will be a column of liquid (metallic or otherwise)
of equal heights or different heights at each end and I provide a float or governor
which has combined with it a circuit maker plunger or displacer adapted to fit into
a chamber suitably insulated the plunger being composed of insulating or
conducting material so as to provide for the completion or interruption of the
derived circuit (for high or low tension currents) with or without the employment
of a good liquid conductor metallic or otherwise or an insulating or bad conductor
or a combination of them I sometimes employ these combinations or a liquid of
low conductivity or an insulating liquid for the purpose of obviating firing or to
more efficiently control and operate with high tension current the derived circuit b
in such cases terminates either as a single conductor or a series of branches in
points or otherwise through any suitable insulating material preferably silicate or
asbestos or earthy compound moulded to the desired form. Or I sometimes unite
or form the ends or parts 8 of a thin film or part formed by moulding or deposition
and consisting for instance of platinum, copper, nickel silver, or an alloy of one or
more of the same or other metals and I preferably employ a conical semi spherical
pyramidal or wedge shaped displacer or plunger 7 composed of insulating or
conducting material. When insulating material is employed the liquid conductor
will provide for the completion or interruption of the electric current dependent
upon the height of such liquid or the surface of the conductors thrown into
contact. Or in some cases I complete the circuit through the movable piece or
plunger.
This circuit maker is supported in suitable guides so as to provide for a vertical
rocking or rotating movement and is combined with the coupling box of the circuit.
The movable piece or circuit making devices are somewhat similar to those already
described for regulating or varying the electric potential or supply of energy into
the translating or working circuit and are adapted to be used for regulating or
governing the supply or consumption of energy or the electric potential or supply
of the current or to provide for consecutively or alternately charging accumulating
conserving or converting devices c or as commutating or switching devices or cut
offs for conserving or accumulating devices electro meters generators or for other
purposes And I sometimes employ a series of such devices either with vibrating
oscillating or endwise moving pieces or rotating shafts or a combination of them
as commutators or switching devices for the above named purposes or for the
purpose of varying the conductivity or internal resistance in the discharging or
working circuit b or for varying the internal resistance of a developing storing
converting or regulating source or device as at g a¹ witho or without varying the
resistance of the external circuit or the devices in such circuit or the devices
adapted to be combined in such circuit (as working resistances for the conservation
regulation or utilization of electric currents) in parallel circuit or series through
the medium of a centrallized system of conductors extending to the grouping box
or commutating device d. This device is applicable in the equipment of electric
engines or other vehicles for traction purposes or for elevators hoists or other
portable objects adapted to be oporated over fixed or determined circuits b or from
fixed or determined points or places and I sometimes combine with such system of
circuit making conductors a special circuit maker or key or a series of them
(interlocked in the combination automatically or otherwise dependent upon the
position of some other circuit maker) which provides for the completion of an
electric circuit between some part of the accumulating or storing devices c forming
some part of the electrical equipment of a wagon vehicle or train or the motors 3
for propelling the same or other portable objects with the fixed portion of the
electric circuit b with or without accumulating conserving and converting or
regulating devices c in one or more of the circuits of the stationary part or parts
of the system.
In some cases in the construction of the circuit making or regulating devices for
varying the conductivity in an electric circuit I stamp or mould the portion 7 or 8
in the form of a cone pyramid or wedge shaped or similarly formed piece of very thin

page_text: sheets or films of metal say platinum iron nickel or copper or a highly refractory
metal or alloy of metals so as to provide a minimum or uniform conductivity
in any given section. Or I provide a form of insulating material and coal such
insulating material mechanically or in any preferred manner with some other
material (carbonaceous or otherwise) and subsequently deposit electrically or other-
wise the metal or alloy for instance platinum nickel-iron copper or a metallic alloy
as aforesaid and thereby provide means for the employment of an uniform increase
or decrease of conductivity in the electric circuit through the device 5 dependent
upon the position or relation of such device in an electric circuit in which a liquid
of low or good conductivity or a combination of them is employed as before.
described.
When the movable part or parts of the device 5 is or are suitably connected with
an electric magnetic devices say the core 7 of a solenoid magnet or magnets 11 is
or are suitably bound and adapted to be energized by the current passing through
a circuit or a discharging or working circuit as before described. with reference to
the regulating devices the part 7 will be raisod or lowered and thereby provide
for the displacement of the liquid dependent upon the consumption of energy or
the number of translating devices or resistance in the circuit and thereby regulate
the surface of conducting material upon the cone or pointed piece in contact with
the liquid (metallic or otherwise or both) and consequently vary the conductivity
.of such portion of the circuit in accordance therewith when the liquid is at the
lowest point and the point of the cone is in the insulated liquid or merely touches
the metallic circuit the conductivity of the circuit is preferably normal when used
as a regulating device in the derived circuit b from the main a but when used as a
circuit controller for regulating the speed of machinery or an electric motor or for
I sometimes
the development of an electric current from a producer g or.source a.
work under reverse conditions that is to say the cone or movable piece and the
liquid portion of the circuit in the normal condition represents the maximum
conductivity and as the speed of the motor or shaft increases or reaches some
predetermined maximum a mechanically or electrically operative governor h combined
with the shaft or axle of the motor 3 or the shaft or axle of a steam gas or
compressed air engine water wheel turbine or windmill provides for decreasing the
conductivity in the generative portion of the electric machine by varying the height
of the column of liquid and such circuit making device may be connected or
combined with the steam or air or gas supply for steam engines gas or compressed
air engines or with the gas or liquid fuel supply or the damper for the supply of
air for the firing of boilers or furnaces or thermo electric generators or the Governor
of a wind mill or the water supply to a turbine or with electric circuits secondary
. or subsidiary accumulating devices mechanically or electrically or both.
In some cases I employ such device 5 as an automatic cut off in the electric
. circuit between the generating or producing source 9 and an accumulating
conserving or storing magazine or converter o or a series of them but in such cases the
normal position of such device may provide a minimum of conductivity or a high
resistance in such portion of the electric circuit from the source and I employ a
counterweight or spring to provide for such result and employ the main circuit a
or a branch thereof so as to provide for operating the circuit making device 5 when
a current of sufficient force shall be developed. Or I may employ a mechanical
Governor or other means whose position is dependent upon the speed of the shaft
of the motor.
I sometimes employ a second device of this kind in the electric circuit working
under reverse conditions with a branch or loop in which the electro magnetic or
electric translating portion 10, 11 of the device is placed so that in case there
should be any backward flow of the current towards the generator or generators g
or transmitting source the column of liquid will be lowered and the conductivity of
the circuit reduced to a minimum or interrupted by short circuiting the current to
the source causing the backward flow. By the employment of circuit making
-dovices 5-with-a-multiple of conductora 6 or 8 in the main electrical circuit or

page_text: adapted to operate in the developing portion of the circuit or at the source a* with
or without accumulating or storing devices c and by combining such switching and
circuit making devices 5 with the cut off 18 to the steam or gas engine or the cut
offs dampers or valves 19 to the combustion chambers or the gas or fuel supply
pipes thereto for firing and with or without combining such controlling devices
with recording and measuring or automatic cut off devices which indicate or stop
the conservation or accumulation of electric energy I am enabled to provide for
regulating or varying the generation or development of the current or to maintain a
uniform pressure or supply through the electrical circuit and regulate or vary the
I conductivity of the electrical circuit either at the generators g or elsewhere or
throughout the electrical system dependent upon the height of the liquid or the
conductivity of the portion of the electric circuit which is adapted to be regulated
varied or completed through the medium of a liquid (either conducting or
insulating liquid or a combination of them) I employ this method of constructing
and operating electric cut offs circuit making commutating and regulating devices
operative mechanically hydraulically pneumatically or electrically by pressure or
by expansion compression pumping heating or by time mechanism or a combination
of such means for cutting out or pulling a portion or portions of the electrical
circuit or circuits with or without accumulating conserving or converting devices
in the circuit of the portable or stationary portion of the system or combination of
them or for regulating the charging or discharging of the accumulating storing or
transforming devices c or separating automatically or otherwise the stationary and
portable electric systems for instance in the equipment of an engine vehicle train
elevator vessel or the like it is important to make good electrical contact and to
prevent firing it is also necessary to prevent through the medium of a device as for
instance at 20 the backward flow of the current and it is also desirable to provide
for varying the conductivity of the electric circuits of or to the motors 3 or
converters or electric magazines o according to the work required to be done or to
vary the conductivity of the electric circuits to or from, or the internal resistance of
the converters or magazines c or any combination of them according to the resistanco
in the discharging or working circuite a or (the train or other portable system or
parts of a system) with one or more motors 3 in parallel circuit series or multiple
series according to the position of a compound circuit and circuit making device or.
devices & forming part of the equipment of or in connection with the portable
system or part of a system such as a train engine elevator hoist traction cable or
the like with or without devices or means upon such portable objects or a series of
them for holding a reserve of power in the electric circuits for the development of
an electric current in the discharging circuit or circuits therefrom.
In the equipment of an engine train elevator or the like I prefer to employ
devices or ineans to provide a reserve c upon one or more vehicles or upon each.
vehicle which is equipped with electrical connections and I employ coupling
devices between each vehicle these coupling devices being adapted to operate or
be operated either automatically or by hand through the medium of a coupling box
into which the meeting ends of the conductors of each vehicle extend preferably
from the upper portion through or between an insulating collar or support into a
chamber adapted to receive the liquid as hereinbefore described the box or casing
formed of metal is adapted, to form a permanent attachment and is bolted clamped
or otherwise secured to the framing of the vehicle. This box is provided with an
aperture at its upper part and a spring clutch having a sliding or movable piece
or part combined therewith which is adapted to cover the aperture with or without
the employment of an elastic packing between the parts I provide each vehicle
with these attachments into which a single conductor or a multiple arc or parallel
circuit extends and I provide coupling pieces at each end of a flexible conductor
or a series of conductors insulated from each other and covered with insulation;
the end pieces may be of wedge shape or other suitable form and may be provided
with suitable recesses into which the spring lock or clutch fits or engages so as to

page_text: •
tend to force the part into proper contact or into the liquid contact in the
box or lock the same in position the part extending into the box and
liquid is preferably at an angle say a right angle to the axial line of the
flexible conductor or electrical circuit. The conductor or conductors extend
through the length of the vehicle and in suitable portions of this circuit
either in parallel circuit series or multiple series or series in parallel circuit.
I sometimes employ electric magazines batteries or accumulating devices in
groups of two or more. I employ automatic switching devices d when I employ
electro chemical batteries c so as to alternately or consecutively charge the same
so that one part may be discharging into the working or translating circuit b in
which incandescent, semi-incandescent, or other kinds of electric lamps 1 or 2
electric heaters 4 or electro-magnetic devices 21 connected or combined with the
break blocks 22 electric motors 3 connected or combined with the axles of the
wheels directly or through frictional or chain gearing or any or all of such devices
are adapted to operate in multiple series or parallel circuits or series or a
combination of such circuits and I employ switching devices d adapted to provide
for turning on or off the current to or from the translating circuits b so as to
control one or more or a group or series of lamps 1. 2 heaters 4 brake blocks 22 or
motors 3 as may be desired from one or more places or points on the vehicle or
train and I also employ independent circuit makers 13 for each translating device
such as lamps or heaters and automatic regulators 5 preferably such as are herein
described for regulating the discharge in the light and heater circuits dependent
upon the consumption of energy or the temperature of the compartment or the
expansion of some medium in connection with the heaters as described in one or
more of the specifications of Letters Patent herein referred to.
It will be understood that as many vehicles as desired may be placed in the
electrical circuit with the source a to g or store of electric energy or both and the
current may be regulated as desired with or without reducing the tension from the
force in the main circuits a before passing to the electrical derived circuits balong
the line or upon the vehicles or I may charge a series of accumulating devices c
upon each vehicle by placing them in parallel circuit or series through the medium
of an insulated circuit or partially insulated circuit in connection with the
stationary source a* or reserve or store c reverse and I may employ a main
charging circuit with the devices c for accumulating or storing energy upon a series
of vehicles with or without including the working resistances on the engine or
electric magazines c thereon and such charging circuit can be under the control of
the engine driver through the medium of a circuit maker d upon a switch board i
arranged among a centrallized system of switches or circuits the main connections
and in some cases all of the connections I preferably make through the medium of
a liquid or liquids as herein set forth. This system of circuits in some cases
consists of sliding bars or rocking shafts & having a system of plungers projections
or keys and which may or may not interlock or cross each other) one or more of
which may be combined with an electric circuit through the medium of a speed
regulator or governor h and in some cases I connect or combine the circuits to the
motors 3 through the medium of a circuit maker or regulator d (and preferably
through the medium of a liquid or a combination of them as before described
adapted to operate in the electrical circuit so as to place the motors in series o
parallel circuit or with circuits consisting of a multiple series or branches terminating
in a circuit maker d or in the same or the equivalent thereof so as to provide for
varying the conductivity of the circuit or series of circuits and for interrupting
the circuit to the motors 3 or reversing the current to the same whether coupled in
parallel circuit or series or multiple series and I sometimes provide in connection
with this circuit-maker an independent circuit-maker d connected or combined o
interlocked therewith so that the motors can be transformed into generating
machines when it is desired to impede the motion of the vehicles or trains; fo
this purpose I preferably provide for throwing the elements for developing th

page_text: current into a series circuit or in other words I increase the internal resistance of
the generator and short circuit the elements of the battery into the charging
circuit therefrom and provide for reversing the polarity of the magnet element or
elements of the motor through the medium of a compound circuit and series of
plungers and compound or independent circuit making devices.
I also employ an automatic cut off 20 in such developing circuit so as to prevent the
backward flow of the current from the magazines c when the force of the current
from the generative portions of the circuit falls below a predetermined point or
is less than that from the battery or magazine or magazines c in order to accomplish
this I in some cases employ a derived circuit 23 connected with the developing
circuit in which is included the coil or coils 24 of a magnet whose armature carries
one or more circuit maker adapted to operate preferably through the medium of a
liquid or a combination of liquids as before described, the circuit is normally broken
through the medium of one or more springs 26 or weights and the circuit making
device is preferably of a compound form as to complete the main circuit and throw
the coil 24 into such main circuit so long as the current passes to the battery but
in case the current is interrupted or reversed the movement of the armature is
reversed and the spring or weight causes the plunger or plungers to return to its
or their normal position and the current flowing from the batteries will maintain
the interruption of the circuit so long as the electrical pressure from the reservoirs
is greater than that from the generators. This device is applicable for use in
other circuits for charging magazines or batteries in darived or loop current of a
parrallel or series circuit in system of electrical distribution and can be compounded
to any extent so as to provide for charging magazines batteries accumulators or
induction devices or regulators of tension and by the employment of an automatic
cut off and meter device to interrupt such circuit through the magnet when the
magazines or batteries c become charged there need be no loss of energy due to the
current passing through the circuit unnecessarily. I prefer to employ a permanent
magnet for the core or armature 27 having a polarity reverse to the active of the
magnet. In the equipment of the vehicles or electrical circuits with motors. I
preferably employ machines whose elements are arranged and adapted to operate
in conjunction with each other in such a manner as to obviate the reversal of the
current one or more times during each revolution of the armature or in other words
to obviate the use of commutators. In order to provide for changing the circuits
or controlling the direction of the current in the deloping circuit when the
machines are to operate as generators for impeding the motion of a tram or portable
object or for charging accumulators for the production of light or heat or for other
purposes upon the train and employ a compound circuit and circuit maker 28
whose normal position when the train elevator or the like is stationary or when
the developing circuit is inoperative or of less force than that from the accumulator
provides for separating or disconnecting the generator from the accumulating
devices or magazines c and the construction and arrangement of the circuits and
cut off devices are such as to govern the direction of the current to the
accumulators c dependent upon the direction in which the vehicle or the like is
moving for instance by the employment of a compound solenoid or magnet or an
electric motor whose normal position is governed by a spring or weight the relative
position of the circuits will be governed dependant upon the direction of the
current transmitted through the elements and by the employment of stops the
position will be maintained so long as the current is flowing in one direction and
is of sufficient force to operate the device against the spring or weight or I
sometimes combine these with a locking armature of compound construction or a
clutch arrangement electro-magnetically operative from a derived circuit in parrallel
circuit or otherwise so as to maintain the circuit with less expenditure of energy:
this circuit making device is so arranged that it will be operated to either branch
dependent upon the direction the vehicle is moving and by the employment of
machines with or without commutators I readily provide for operating in the
charging circuit of the battery in the proper direction the various combinations of

page_text: cut offs and regulating devices being employed as herein provided for. In some
case I provide for controlling these circuits from the drivers or guards department.
through the medium of an independant circuit maker of the system by such means,
the current can be transmitted to the electro magnetic devico 28 or 29 adapted to
control the direction of the current and through the medium of the compound
automatic cut offs as before described. I am enabled to decrease the power
expended in maintaining and regulating the circuits by locking or holding the
device electro-magnetically through the medium of an armature with engaging
forces adapted to fit into or engage with corresponding parts so as to lock the same
against the force of the weight or spring and automatically break the circuit or
increase the resistence in the circuit to the prime electro-magnetic device which
caused the adjustment of the circuits.
I am enabled under such method of working to avoid any unnecessary waste or
expenditure of energy I employ independant circuits or derived circuits b for the
electric heaters 4 and I employ automatic cut offs adapted to complete or interrupt
the electrical circuit through a medium of a liquid as herein provided for and I
combine with such circuit making devices thermo-regulating devices adapted to
regulate the consumption of energy in accordance with the temperature of the
material or room or space to be heated as herein set forth and more fully described
in the Specifications of some of the Letters Patent herein referred to.
The
Such independant circuit is provided with electro-magnetic devices counter-
weighted or the equivalent thereof so that when they are in their normal position
the circuit is closed or the reverse or the circuit maker can be adapted to
operate with a counterweight which is combined with a compound translating
device say solenoids or electric motors for instance a disc moter or a motor having
its element or elements adapted to operate in conjunction with one or more poles
of permanent or electro magnets so as to operate without a commutator. I employ
a compound circuit maker and circuits in such case at the operative point so as
to provide for reversing the current through such circuits and I sometimes employ
a dash pot or liquid to steady the action or position of the piston plunger or moving
part of the regulator such device being especially applicable on trains or moving
objects or I sometimes obviate the use of regulating devices by the resistance of
the translating devices which are connected in parallel circuit Levers or multiple
circuit levers making devices may be arranged in each compartment and also
controllable through the medium of an independant circuit extending to the
drivers or guards compartment of the train or both such compartments
circuit will be controlled by the employment of a return circuit or derived circuit
therefrom in which the solenoids or electric devices are arranged and adopted to
operate against the force of a weight or an adjustable spring which is adapted to
so operate as to maintain a minimum or maximum conductivity in the circuit as
arranged preferably through the medium of a multiple of conductors or a plunger
or conical piece and liquid as described with reference to the circuit making device
five so
as provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit in accordance
with the temperative of the heater compartiment or room or the expansion or
temperature of the heater thermo electrically through the medium of thermo
electric elements or the heat or volume of the liquid contained in the heater as
described in the Specification of certain of the former Letters patent herein referred
to. In order to provide for Automatically applying the brakes in case of the
separation of the Vehicles by accident breakage or otherwise or upon undue
compression of the buffers I employ a derived branch or independent circuit which
is adapted to supply the energy for energizing the electro-magnetic devices
connected with the brake blocks connected with the valves of hydraulic vacuum
or air compressing or steam brakes or other devices for impeding the motion of the
train or any excessive movement jamming of the carriages will apply the brakes
to each carriage or the vehicles of the train collectively such arrangement can be
applied on each vehicle or on the engine only when the electrical circuit extends
throughout these contacts may be made by the buffers being forced against springs

page_text: during the latter part of their movement In carrying this into practice I arrange
in a portion of the electrical connecting's containing the electro-magnetic devices a
circuit maker whose normal position position when the vehicles are connected will
be interrupted I sometimes employ a movable link or a flexible coupling which
is stretched across or between the carriages and thereby breaks the circuit upon
one or both adjoining carriages the springs or other force causing the immediato
completion of the circuit the connection being adapted to operate against them
electrically or otherwise the brake blocks may be mounted upon hinged plates
carrying electro-magnets the normal position through the medium of a weight or
springs being clear of the wheels or breaking surface: the brake blocks may be
detachable wearing plates of cast steel or iron forming the keeper of the magnets
of horse shoe. In some cases the electrical connections form each vehicle are
adapted to be placed in electrical communication with the permanent or fixed
portion of the electrical circuit with or without the medium of a liquid in the
circuit preferably of liquid say brachish water. I can employ a flexible connection
or a vertically sliding piece maintained in its normal position by a spring or
weight so as to interrupt the circuit and be of sufficient height to clear all
obstructions on the line. I employ plungers or contract makers held in position
by a spring or weight so as to interrupt the circuit upon the vehicle these
plungers are preferably adapted to operate in conjunction with a liquid or
combination of liquids as herein provided for and I sometimes connect them with
the core or armature of a solenoid or magnet which is included in the derived
circuit of the main charging circuit. When the current flows into the electrical
circuit on the vehiclo elevator or the like the solenoid is energized and its core
carrying the plunger of conical or other suitable form is acted upon or drawn
downwards against the force of the spring or weight through its support or guido
until the liquid is at its greatest height and the maximum conductivity afforded in
such portion of the circuit. In soine
cases I lend this derived circuit to an
automatic cut off device in conjunction with the accumulating or storing device or
devices on the vehicle elevator vessel or the like adapted to be charged vivified
or revivified through the medium of the charging current transmitted from the
source or reserves through stationary portions of the electrical circuit for instance
when I employ electro chemical batteries I may employ electrolysis or an accumu-
lation of gas evolved by the process of electrolysis the deposition may represent
the work done or the energy stored and by means of a weighted rocking lever or
a rotating cylinder provided with suitable blades or elements adapted to revolve
with suitable blades or elements adapted to revolve in a suitable metallic solution
and connected with or through the medium of the liquid forming part of the
derived circuit which represents a certain portion of the current passing the
accumulating device c may be cut out of the charging circuit when some predeter-
mined amount of energy is stored by device I 32 but I sometimes employ a
pumping or a compressing device 14 which is combined with a motor d the receiver
or chamber 16 into which the air or liquid is pumped being adapted to represent
the conservation of power in the reservoirs c and upon some predetermined pressure
or height of the liquid the charging circuit will be interrupted through the medium
of the float or valve 12 or other suitable means I either with or without electro-
magnetic devices and means connected or combined thereby in the circuit until the
pressure or height of liquid shall be reduced which will be dependant upon the
consumption in the translating or discharging circuits from the said reservoirs or
magazines c by combining the translating circuit through a derived circuit in parallel
circuit or otherwise with an electro magnetic device 30 combined with a valve 31 or
other governing medium which provides for reducing the pressure or the height or
column of liquid in accordance with the work done in the translating or charging
circuit and also for cutting out putting in or varying the conductivity of the charging
circuit to the accumulating devices c. I am enabled to provide for the governing
device operating in a reverse manner to that in the charging circuit and in exact
proportion to the work done in the discharging circuit or the decrease of the energy

page_text: stored for I may employ the gas evolved from an independent electro chemical
battery which will operate in a somewhat similar manner or I may employ a gas
battery as at 32 as a governor for the electro chemical battery and the gas inay be
recomposed by connecting the gas battery in the discharging or translating circuit
with the electro chemical battery or I may employ a gas battery solely having
decomposing and recomposing chambers or parts by such means the decomposing
chamber or elements being connected on a loop or derived circuit from the main
charging circuit and the recomposing elements and chambers or converter with or
without other means of regulating or varying the electric potential being
connected in the discharging or controlling circuit in any preferred manner the
charging and discharging circuits become absolutely independent in their
working. The strength of the reservoir is the limit and the pressure is the
regulator and operates one or more cut offs J in the charging circuit through the
medium of valves or floats or electro magnetic devices adapted to be operated
from the decomposing chamber 33 with or without being controlled partly by the
current or a portion thereof in the discharging circuit from the recomposing
chamber or part 34 or I may heat a liquid air or gas in an independent chamber
or reservoir or collapsible or expansible vessel and dependent upon the temperature
of the liquid I regulate or stop the charging the circuit may be controlled
through the medium of a float or otherwise through a mercurial column or
contact piece at 35 adapted to be controlled in its movement by the pressure of
gas evolved in the battery 32 and electro-magnetic devices ; for breaking the
circuit to the electro chemical batteries c when some predetermined pressure is
reached. The current in the derived circuit in all cases represents only a fraction
of the current passing. The magazines or convertors c upon the vehicle or train
elevators vessels or the like may be charged with a minimum resistance by short
circuiting or coupling them in multiple arc or parallel circuit or by the employment
of a multiple of branches or feeders or multiple series connected with the elements
so as to reduce the internal resistance of the accumulating or storing devices cor
a series of them charged alternately consecutively or collectively and they may be
connected in the discharging circuit coupled in series.
Or I may reserve this method of working and connect the elements of the
magazine or magazines accumulating device or devices in the charging circuit in
series and in the discharging circuit in which one or more motors or sections of
one or more motors upon one or more of the vehicles elevators hoists vessels or the
like are adapted to operate in parallel circuit or through the medium of compound
circuits and circuit making devices d. I provide for varying the force of the
current in the discharging circuits by decreasing the resistance in the motor
circuits or the internal resistance of the magazine c connected in the discharging
circuits or both or the reverse as may be desired and I sometimes combine the
centralized system of circuit makers d and circuits in the grouping box i or
otherwise upon the engine elevator vessel or the like or in the driving department
so that one or more of the same shall interlock with one or more other circuit
makers & or the circuits leading thereto so as to provide for the purpose relative
working of the charging and discharging circuits so as to provide for directing a
portion of the current from the stationary portions b of the system either through
an independent circuit or a branch b from the main charging circuit a into the
motor circuits b for propelling the vehicles or elevators or the like while charging
the accumulating or storing devices c And I sometimes provide regulating or
converting devices in the charging circuit or stationary portion of the electrical
system and the portion of the circuit in which the motors are adapted to operate I
accomplish this by the employment of a multiple of circuits and a circuit maker 5
or d or a combination of them so as to provide for varying the conductivity of
such portion of the circuit preferably through the medium of a liquid or a
combination of liquids with or without such circuit making device being connected
with the speed regulator or governor h combined with the driving mechanism or axles
Or I provide special converting devices such as induction plates coils or condensers o

page_text: or in other words accumulating devices. by which I provide for increasing the
length or varying the conductivity or surface charged or the resistance in the
charging and discharging or working circuits 6 by the employment of a commutator
or switching device.d which may be combined with an electro magnetic device or
motor d' or with the driving mechanism or axles so as to provide for alternately
consecutively or intermittently changing the connection at the charging and
discharging circuit. I sometimes effect this by means of a metal circuit or plates
and a plunger or series of plungers adapted to operate between the plates or outside
of them and provide for increasing or decreasing the height of the liquid for
instance I may employ two or more plates. having a V-shaped form arranged in
close proximity to each other each plate may be connected with the terminals or
conductors from the source or reserve through the medium of a plunger which is
adapted to displace the liquid and thereby causo it to increase the surface of the
plates in contact therewith or in other words to decrease the resistance. By
supporting these plungers upon a suitable rocking or rotating shaft d² one or
more sets may be adapted to be in the charging circuits while others will be
in the discharging circuit as will be understood from the description contained
herein.
-
I sometimes merely decrease the conductivity of the electric circuit through the
medium of a conical pointed or equivalently shaped part forming a portion of the
circuit or a multiple of circuits in the main charging circuit or a branch therefrom
leading to the motors and I sometimes combine this multiple circuit or converting
device with a circuit making device d of compound form adapted to connect one
or more of the motors in series multiple series or parallel circuit.
In the electrical equipment of the vehicle or train elevator vessel or the like I
employ an electrical circuit which is controlled from the driving department (with
or without being controlled from the Guard's department or other portions of the
train) through the medium of a circuit maker which is arranged in the grouping
box i with or without being interlocked or combined with one or more of the other
circuit makers d for instance the circuit maker d for controlling the passage of the
current to the devices for propelling the vehicles. This circuit is preferably an
independent circuit in which electro magnetic devices are adapted to operate upon
circuit makers arranged to operate in conjunction with the electric circuit or
circuits (from the reserves c of electric energy upon each vehicle) in which are
included the electro magnetic devices 21 having connected or combined with them
the brake blocks or devices 22 I sometimes provide a main charging circuit
extending throughout the length of the train (with coupling devices between each
vehicle) and control of the circuit from the driving compartment of the train through
the medium of a circuit-maker so that such charging circuit may be placed in
electrical communication with the stationary portions b or a of an electric circuit
while the train vehicle elevator or the like may be moving or stationary or both or
in connection with the main magazine or store of energy c upon the engine
elevator or the like. I sometimes provide for short circuiting this electrical circuit
through the medium of suitable connections and switching devices so that the
electrical circuit upon each vehicle can be placed in electrical communication with
the stationary portion 6 of the circuit from the generating or developing source a*.
or from the reserves c of electric energy or both. The accumulating devices c
may be adapted to operate in series or in parallel circuit and may be alternately
or consecutively or collectively charged suitable connections and circuit-making
devices d being provided for this purpose and automatic switching or set off
devices as at 32 or otherwise being provided to operate in the derived circuits
from the charging circuit so as to prevent the passage of the current into the
electric magazine or magazines c when some predetermined amount of energy shall
be stored as herein described.
I may employ currents of a higher tension for charging these magazines c than
those desired to be used in the discharging or translating circuits in the reserve.
Under my method of varying the conductivity of the electrical circuits and of

page_text: regulating or varying the conductivity to or from the magazines or convertors
and working through the medium of liquid in the circuit. I am enabled to charge
or vivify the magazines or convertors c coupled in parallel circuit or multiple or
short circuited or in series or continuous together with currents of high tension
either upon the vehicles trains elevators vessels or the like or in the stationary
portion of the system or both.
In the construction or equipment of an electric engine tramcar or vehicle, I
prefer to apply motors 3 of the greatest diameter possible directly to the driving
axles k. I sometimes however employ chain or link gearing for connecting such
motors with the axles k In order to obtain an extended surface and provide for
the vertical movement of the main portion of body of a vehicle and parts connected
therewith permitted by the springs l. I employ a series of plates m cut or moulded
in the form of rings or sections of rings having the diameter necessary for the
armature upon these rings (which may or may not have dovetailed recesses therein
formed by casting, or otherwise) I mould or deposit electrically or otherwise the
conducting element m¹ in the form of a continuous coil each bar or section on the
opposite side of the support m and led to the external circuit to rings or to
commutators m³ according to the arrangement of the inductive poles n which
operate in conjunction with the armature or armatures m that is to say when I
employ inductive poles so arranged as to provide for the current always flowing in
one direction through the elements connected with the external circuit I employ
rings m³ mounted upon and insulated from the axle k and when the poles n
and elements of the armature m are arranged otherwise I provide commutating
devices.
I preferably employ machines with circuit closer rings m³ upon and insulated
from the axle k to which the element or elements m² of the motors are connected
in series or parallel circuit or I may employ independent set of rings m³ one set
connected with the element or element m or part of the same in series or continuous
lengths (through the medium of rings m³ upon and insulated from the axle) or
other set being connected to the element or elements m¹ in parallel circuit derived
circuits or branches to the independent sections or lengths or sections of the element
or cleinents m' so as to short circuit the same or reduce or vary the internal
resistance of the machine; these short circuiting devices are connected with the
elements m' of the armature so that the current enters with or without passing
through the helix n¹ of the inductive pole or poles n of such section to the
conducting portion of the same element or part of the element arranged so as to be
under the inductive action of a pole n of the opposite denomination arranged at
different parts; the poles n are preferably adjacent to and on opposite sides of the
end faces of the armature and diametrically opposite on opposite sides of the axis
of rotation and I employ a series of rings or plates m of magnetic or nonmagnetic
material and each of which may be adapted to operate in conjunction with the
independent poles n or with all the poles united to one frame or support n+
(magnetic or otherwise) the pole pieces n being cut away or so arranged that their
consequent poles or parts in a straight line lengthwise of the armature can be at an
angle to the axis of rotation the short circuiting devices in such case being
arranged in accordance therewith-Two or more sets of poles n may be arranged
in like manner in conjunction with each ring or armature m; under this
construction I am enabled to employ sheet 5 plate metal in continuous rings m
upon which my conducting element or elements m¹ is or are mounted preferably in
grooved or dovetailed recesses the conducting element having each section bar or
surface connected with the bar or surface like a continuous coil similar to a
Grainme ring-I provide apertures notches or recesses through or over the
support m (magnetic or otherwise) for carrying the conductor or element m¹ so
that each section, can be connected with its continuation on the opposite side of the
said support This conducting element can be a continuous coil and be short
circuited or connected in the external circuit at one or more or any number of
points and the quantity, and tension of current transmitted therefrom or utilized

page_text: there through will be dependent upon the conductivity of such portion of the short
circuit and the length of the conducting element m' operated upon under the
influence of the pole or poles n² or in utilizing such machine as a motor dependent'
upon the force or tension of the current transmitted and the conductivity of the
short circuiting branch or series of them; it will be understood that currents of
different tension can thus be taken from or utilized through the same machine
through the medium of a series of rings m² and short circuits and suitable electrical
connections. The rings m² may be mounted upon or secured to a non-magnetic
hub m* by clamping bolting or rivetting or by arranging them in a mould adapted
to maintain the plate or ring in position and receive the molten metal so as to form
the hub; or a series of these rings may thus be united upon an axle or I sometimes
mould or cast the hub m" with projections adapted to fit into corresponding parts
of the rims m these parts are planed or slotted so as to fit closely or are cast in
metal moulds under pressure so as to provide for the parts so formed being perfectly
true and I slide one plate or ring after another on to the hub m* with separating
or bracing plates m³ between them which separating or bracing plates are also
moulded or otherwise constructed to fit exactly and maintain the rings m the
proper distance apart; these rings are first provided with a conducting element m¹
which is connected with the external circuit through the medium of bars running
lengthwise of the hub m* through grooves or openings provided for the same to
the rings collectors or commutators m³ at one or both ends of the axle k These
rings or collectors I preferable arrange in caps or chambers containing a liquid say
mercury; the elements m¹ may be connected in series or in parallel circuit with or
without being in the same circuit as the helices n¹ of the field magnets which may
also be connected in series or parallel circuit so as to constitute one or more
magnets or undividual magnets.
In some cases I so arrange the pole pieces that they occupy a position or extend
between or towards the axis of these rings m so as to increase the surface and bring
the poles n in close proximity to the inducting elements m' connected with the
external circuit; these polar extensions connected with the rings or parts n may
be independent of each other or may be combined upon magnetic or non-magnetic
frames n so that they may be supported in position by bars or framing extending
lengthwise of the axis so as to allow the vertical movement of the parts permitted
by the springs 7.
Each portion of these magnets may be connected to a continuous bar of magnetic
or non-magnetic material and may be held in position by projections or supporting
parts n through the medium of the projections or engaging parts n² formed upon
these rings or sectional magnets which fit into the corresponding parts of the
frame n adapted to receive them or these rings or sections of the magnet may be
provided with lugs or extensions through which bars pass lengthwise of the axle
through distance pieces or washers which separate the different rings or sections on
either side of the ring armatures.
These magnets n° as well as the armature m may be wound with continuous
coils the conducting material being preferably secured upon them by moulding or
by electro deposition so as to form a continuous coil having a series of sections with
each section connected to the one on the opposite side. The stationery and movable
elements may be connected in parallel circuit multiple series or in series and the
consequent poles established dependent upon the point of the introduction of the.
current on these magnets rugs or plates may be joined alternatively so as to constitute
a kind of spiral or continuously, coiled magnet which forms the conducting element
with or without being coated or coiled with copper or other conducting metal
insulated from the magnetic core the armature rings or plates m may be formed in
a somewhat similar manner and may be adapted to fit between the blades rings poles
or helices of the magnet or magnets n° The elements m³ of the armature connected
with the external circuit being connected to the rings or commutators m³ by
extensions or terminals extending lengthwise of the axle through the apertures or
open parts of the hub.or. support m* carrying the aperture the plates or
-

page_text: supports m of the conducting element or elements m³ of the armature may be
formed into a continuous coil of magnetic material connected in the circuit or
otherwise and with conducting material deposited thereon by fusion by moulding
by electricity or otherwise so as to form one or more sections of a continuous coil
connected in the external circuit at two or more points as herein described.
The conducting elements may have the form of a divided concentric ring section
or coil on the opposite end or face of the support m of the armature either
alternatively through the support (magnetic of otherwise) connecting each section
in series or simply for completing the electrical circuit, these sections are so
connected that the currents introduced therein or utilized there through provide for 1
the current passing in one direction through the circuit at all times while the
machines move in one direction either as a generator or as a motor. In some cases
I employ conductors arranged radially with connecting bars or links at an angle
thereto so as to connect them at their ends through or round the support m
(magnetic or otherwise) either as the fixed elements or field magnets or the
armature independent by or collectively with or without means for short circuiting
or varying the internal resistance of the machine through the medium of
independent or compound circuits as before described with reference to generators
or current transformers.
The conducting elements or sections or plates m' adapted to operate in conjunction
with or under the influence of opposite magnetic poles or fields n are so connected
that the current flows in the same direction continuously through the element or
elements connected with the external circuit either as a motor or generator and
with or without including the field magnets n° in the main circuit or a shont
therefrom or I can employ permanent magnets as one portion of the machines it is
not necessary to reverse the polarity of the magnets in the reversal of the working
of the machine and I sometimes employ an independent circuit for including the
magnets nº in a circuit in which the current always flows in the same direction I
employ a compound circuit, matter d with compound contacts for this purpose
when using the machine as a motor. In the construction of the plate or sections of
the armature I sometimes employ malleable cast iron which has been formed under
pressure in moulds the rings or sections being formed with concentric or radially
formed recesses and projections into or upon which the conducting elements m' are
wound placed secured deposited or formed by moulding fusion or electro deposition
the sectional length or coils of such elements are connected through openings or
alternatively and continuously over and around the support or ring m. I sometimes
place this form or support in a lathe and by utilizing templets and guages or other
devices I make every section or part thereof perfectly true and sometimes cut
or form dovetailed or retaining recesses or projections upon or through the
supports so that the conducting element m¹ will be maintained in position either
by the contraction of the molten metal or the insulation or holding surface whereon
the metal is deposited or by fusing the ribbons or bars in the proper positions.
In moulding the conducting material upon the forms or supports m I preferably
heat the mould and force the molten metal into the spaces not occupied by the said
form or support with the terminals extending therefrom for connection to the bars
with or without means for short circuiting as described. I have described these
conductors and elements as constructed of thin plates with the inductive elements
principally upon the end faces of the poles being arranged accordingly but I also
provide for constructing machines with the elements connected in the external
circuits and adapted to operate in conjunction with inductive poles arranged in
other positions relatively to the inductive elements connected with the external
circuit or circuits for instance. I may employ arins or concentric rings of a magnetic
or non-magnetic material or materials extending lengthwise of the axle and fitting
in polar extremities or between poles or between the arms of a magnet somewhat
similar to that before described, these arms or projections may extend from both
sides of the centre line of the hub and be secured in position by bolts clamps dove-
tailed projections and recesses with or without the employment of molten metal for
•

page_text: securing the parts in proper position or by arranging the sections ready for use in
the machine or they may rest upon a ledge of the supporting hub or be formed or
moulded with it.
In order to provide for the deposition of the metal in coils or strips as before
stated I sometimes apply an insulating coating either mechanically or otherwise
and subsequently applying a suitable metallic paint or carbonacious coating to the
parts where I wish to deposit the metal by electro or chemical deposition under
such method of constructing the elements m³, n' of my machines I am enabled to
obviate the use of insulation upon or over the conducting elements of the armature
and magnets and to provide for their operation in close proximity to each other
thereby increasing the efficiency of the machine I sometimes coat or cover the
adjoining or adjacent faces of the armature and magnets with a thin coating of
insulating paint or material or with copper or with a metallic alloy so as to
prevent oxidation and in soine cases I cout the ore or body of the armature in a
similar manner (with or without first applying an insulating paint or material)
and subsequently form the conducting element thereon or I employ the first
deposit as the conducting element which may be in the form of a coil as will be
understood from the previous descriptions This method of constructing magnetic
elements or the elements of electro inagnetic devices as applicable in the construction
of solenoids magnets and armatures and in order to obtain greater surface I
sometimes form the end of the magnets semispherical conical pyramidical or wedge
shaped the armature in such case being formed reversely. Ring magnets and
solenoids may also be provided with coils in a similar manner to that above
described the conducting elements being secured in dovetailed grooves or recesses
and I preferably employ a coating of good conducting metal or an alloy adapted in
close proximity to the core or the solenoid with or without an insulating stud or
ring.
In the arrangement of the motors upon the axles k of the vehicles or electric
engine I mount the magnets nº upon the bed plate or framing n secured to the
girders or framework o of the engine and preferably resting upon or supported by
the springs in the ordinary manner so as to provide for the vertical movement of
such framework and the parts supported thereby and so as to obtain a greater
working surface than hitherto practicable in the construction of electric engines
The armatures m and magnet blades arms rings or poles n may be one (more or
less) in the thickness dependent upon the diameter of the armature or armatures.
An armature or series of armatures under this construction 6 feet in diameter and
occupying a space of 4 feet long can be readily applied to the axles k of 8 feet
driving wheels with the ordinary track guage. I can thus obtain by the
employment of such armatures upon 2 pairs of driving wheels more than 1000 feet
of surface adapted to operate in immediately proximity to the poles n of the magnets
I employ a series of rings armatures or blades m adapted to operate into or
between the blades arms rings or poles n of the magnets which extend towards the
axis and are supported by the framing n as before stated such ring or hlade m of
the armature may be adapted to operate in proximity to poles n of opposite
denomination on the sides of each blade ring or section m with or without
operating over the periphery thereof and at or towards the opposite side of the
periphery of the armature or sections thereof the connections or the commutators
or rings m² being made as herein described or in any other suitable manner I
sometimes secure the magnet supports n³ directly to the frame n* or o or both
through the medium of bars or supports extending in a line with or lengthwise
of the axles and on both sides at one or more points these bars supports or
connections extend across or over the periphery of the armatures m the blades
rings or extensions n³ of the magnets being provided with suitable distance pieces
or separating strips or blocks or these distance pieces may be formed with or upon
the same or polar extensions n of the magnets by moulding or otherwise and by
the employment of two or more of such machines or motors upon the axles k of the
driving wheels it will be practicable to run at a high or low speed with gröater

page_text: economy than when motors of the ordinary construction are employed for traction
purposes. It will be understood that these motors 3 can be compounded to any
extent and be connected in parallel circuit multiple series or series but I prefer to
regulate and vary the conductivity of the charging circuit b or a through the
medium of a series of circuits and a plunger of conical or equivalent which is
preferably adapted to operate in the circuit through the medium of a liquid as
herein described with reference to the device 5 and other regulating devices
and I operate with high tension or pressure and regulate through the medium of
condensers inductive or other forms of accumulating devices c or a combination of
condensing or induction devices adapted to operate in A or I regulate from the
main reserve or source such as gas electro chemical or other forms of batteries
or sources of supply forming parts of the electrical equipment of the engine
or vehicle or of the stationary portion of the circuit or system or any
combination of them the charging circuit 6 or a or from the magazines
or reserves c or source of electric energy upon the engine or tender or both
I sometimes provide for utilizing the metal of the engines wheels and the track so
as to act with or form part of the magnet or magnets n° and the coils n' of the
magnets may be adapted to be included in the circuit with earth the armature m
being included from earth and the conducting elements or coils for the magnetization
of the said magnets n° or of the armature or both may be adapted to operate in
conjunction with the main circuit of supply and the insulated portion b of the
circuit or with the circuit from the reserves c or the current transformers or any
combination of them so that the circuit will be completed in order that the motor
may operate as a working resistance in the circuit of supply either as an insulated
circuit or between earth and an insulated rail or portion of the circuit which may
be the charging or return portion of the circuit with or without accumulating or
storing devices c connected therewith or with the generating devices g or storage
source or both and with or without tension transforming converting or reducing
devices or pressure regulators 5 or c or a combination of them in proximity to the
line or between the source of supply and the working resistances upon the vehicle
or train or portable object and a switching or controlling device or devices & in the
circuit or grouping box i and with or without a series of circuits and connections
for throwing the motors 3 into the main charging circuits bor a and the magazines c
into the charging circuit of the main wheel running over an electrical circuit 6 or
with or without a series of circuits and commutating or switching devices d or a
centralized system of switches in a grouping box or switch board i with a suitable
arrangement of circuits and switching devices for throwing the accumulators
magazines or converting devices in series or for reducing or varying the
conductivity of the circuits or devices or parts thereof in such circuits whether
charging discharging or working circuits or any combination of them in series or
parallel circuit. preferably arrange the devices d and 8 for varying the conductivity
or resistance of the circuit to operate through the medium of a liquid or a
combination of liquids as described for regulating or varying the force or tension of
the current from the charging circuit or the magazines or reservoirs or both, I
preferably employ liquid as before stated for completing the electrical circuit to the
Magazines cupon the vehicles from the stationary circuit 6 or I sometimes
complete the circuit through the wheels from the earth circuit and make return by
the insulated circuit b between the lines and the adjustable connections or circuit
closer p. I employ cut off devices in the charging circuits to the Magazines which
cut off devices are operative automatically or by hand or by time mechanism as
herein described and the main charging circuit may supply a series of derived
circuits or stations houses works or districts provided with electrical circuits with
or without the employment of the pressure regulators 5 or condensing or induction
devices or electro chemical or electric gas magazines c or a combination of them
adapted to operate between the source of supply and the translating devices in the i
working circuits or in the circuits of the distributing stations as will be understood
from the description herein and in accordance with the height or column of liquid

page_text: or a combination of liquids the conductivity of the circuit can be regulated
automatically or manually or both and the conductivity of the circuit or the
number of magazines or the length of the accumulating surface thrown into the
circuit will be in accordance with the resistance of the molars 3 passing over the
line or the resistance or conductivity of the regulating and converting portion of
the electrical circuit through the medium of multiple of conductors as described
with reference to the device 5 or 2 or as berein provided for-I have described the
construction of armatures with coils attached thereto or mounted thereon under
another construction in the same class of machine and especially for use on Engines
Vehicles or portable objects I sometimes form or secure the coils or plates provided
with recesses and projections into or upon which the conducting elements m¹ are
secured as described and in order to secure these plates in position and to provide
for their operating in close proximity to the polar extensions m p arms n adapted
to be in close proximity to the end faces of the armatures m I provide counter
sunk recesses into which the rivets or bolts fit closely and I provide nut locks for
the bolts or secure them in position by forming flattened parts or recesses upon the
Screw end which terminates about flush with the face in which I provide a slotted
recess into which I force molten metal this recess being of such form as to provide
for the metal in cooling firmly securing the parts in position and in some cases I
provide for securing the rings plates or sections in position through the medium of
dovetailed or suitably constructed or arranged parts as that I am enabled to
employ molten metal which when cool clamps the parts firmly together either
directly upon the hub m* or upon or to the arms rings or supports m so that the
inductors and their supports will be arranged radially or concentrically and be
adapted to fit into or between the arms or extensions of the Magnet or Magnets n
according to the construction of the machines as before described-Under another
modification I deposit form or place the conducting elements m upon rings forms
or support magnetic or otherwise) and employ such elements upon each side of
the form or support m for instance I may employ a disc ring sheets or ribbons of
insulating material say paper vulcanite or other suitable insulating medium which
may be moulded or compressed into. shape and I paint stamp or photograph upon
the same the form desired for the conductors such form being suited to the
construction of the Machine. I then deposit electrically or otherwise upon the
portions having affinity for metal the conducting elements or Coil connected as
before described and subsequently deposit thereon after the application of an
insulating material a coating of iron or an alloy of iron with nickel or other
magnetic material and a coil may be formed of such magnetic alloy by deposition
and with or without being coated with a better conducting metal or alloy.
superposed coils or elements may thus be formed of magnetic and conducting metal
or of magnetic metal solely one or both of which may be connected in the external
circuit with or without including the field magnet coils of permanent or
electro magnets in parallel circuit or series independent circuits or shunts. In
securing the series of blades or armatures and the wings blades or extensions
of the magnets in position upon an electric engine I sometimes so arrange
the parts that each section can be detached independently of the others,
but I prefer to so construct the machine as to avoid any possibility of
ineffectiveness and with as few parts as possible firmly secured in position
and under proper construction a machine may be so made that one piece
forms the key to the whole armature or groupe of magnets or armatures. I may
employ a fly-wheel ten feet (more or less) in diameter with the plates or rings
carrying the indicators (with each conductor connected alternatively or in the form
of a coil with or without superposed layers as before described the conducting
elements m being preferably formed by deposition or moulding) so as to form the
spokes or support for the rim; such plates ring or supports may be moulded with
the rim or hub or secured thereto by moulding riveting or bolting or a combination
of them or by forming the hub clamps on one side as the key and forming the

page_text: plates so as to fit into grooves or recesses or engage in suitably fitting parts of the
rim the plates or rings carrying the inductors m² will be forced firmly in position
against the side of the hub m (with or without insulation) the hub being
preferably of non-magnetic material and the inductive poles n being arranged in
any preferred manner but preferably in such a way as to obviate the use of
commutating devices. I preferably employ a series of these wheels mounted upon
the same axis. For instance all the South poles may be arranged on one side and
all the north poles on the opposite side the elements being connected to rings upon
the axle which rings may or may not fit into recesses or boxes containing a liquid
such as mercury or an insulating liquid or a combination of them and with or
without the coils of the magnets (permanent or electro magnets) being connected
in the circuit and with or without current transformers electric magazines or
translating devices in the circuit in multiple series parallel circuit or series and
with or without utilizing the earth as a portion of the electrical circuit for
induction or otherwise and with or without using the current transferring or
regulating devices as herein provided for.
In the construction of the machines for application to the axles of vehicles I
sometimes provide for using the driving wheels as the support for the armatures
plates rings or sections in boxes or otherwise so as to be adapted to operate in
conjunction with one or more armatures preferably a series as described between
the wheels, under such an arrangement. I provide for utilizing the entire space
between the wheels and also provide for the vertical movement permitted by the
springs or the wear of the journal boxes and I obtain a maximum of surface in
close proximity to the inductive poles all of which features are important in the
construction of electric engines I enclose the entire machine or series of machines
with an iron or other casing n secured to the girders o of the engine or vehicle with
or without the employment of non magnetic supports n secured or insulated
between the said casing and the machine. The pole pieces n may extend
length wise of the frame and consist of long bars or plates of metal extending the
entire length of or the entire distance between the two sets of driving wheels and
such bars may be provided with arms or poles n of semicircular or other suitable
forms the bars being secured midway between the wheels and at the back and front
of the armatures and at the top and bottom and by means of dovetailed slots or
projections and distancing strips or blocks which are so fitted as to be secured
together the parts can be arranged in position and keyed bolted clamped and nut
locked or otherwise secured so that the parts must maintain their proper working
position and at the samo time permit the vertical movement allowed by the Springs
any endwise lateral movement being obviated by suitable braces across the frame
and the Shoulders' upon the axle adapted to operate in conjunction with the
journal boxes so as to prevent lateral movement make and break or to vary the
such cut off
in the circuit intermittently
device or devices may be operated by a crank and connection geared with the Shaft
or axle of the engine so as to alternately or consecutively or until the speed is
reduced vary the supply or so as to cut the alternate magnets out of the circuit.
I preferably employ for this purpose a reciprocating arm carrying a plunger of
conical form adopted to operate in a liquid or I employ a ring of insulating material
carrying metallic blades which fit into their respective recesses in a box so that
each department will be distinct the shaft extending through the samo and being
connected with the axis of movement I can employ a liquid in this box as
described with reference to other circuit makers and arrangements of this kind may
be employed in the construction of the grouping boxes i for controlling the
electrical Circuits upon the Vehicle and the Shaft de may be combined with a
handle T* through bevelled gearing d³ or screw gearing so that the grouping box
may be arranged against the side or front of the engine and thereby occupy but
little space. The various cut offs and indicators for regulating the charging and
over charging and for varying the conductivity of the electrical circuit to or from

page_text: the magazines or motor Circuits or Main Charging Circuit or the discharging
circuits throughout the train or any combination of them are preferably combined
or adapted to be controlled through the medium of circuit making devices d so
constructed as to operate in conjunction with the Conductors or bars extending
through or into the grouping box 2¹ and into the Cups or recesses and into which
the blades or plungers 7 are adapted to fit and operate for the completion of the
Circuits through the medium of a liquid or spring
or a combination of
them as herein described-This arrangement of Circuit making devices is
applicable for Central Stations for charging Magazines accumulating or storing
devices in derwell Circuits or loops in series Metallic Lectro and Parallel Circuit
or for converting transforming or regulating devices 5 or c or a combination of
them connected in the derived circuits in which electrical motors 3 are adapted to
be operated and combined with the converting storing or Circuit regulating and
cut off devices as herein described. In the construction of batteries or Magazines
for accumulating or holding in reserve electric energy I provide a special
construction and arrangement of parts in the building or equipment of engines
Railway Carriages elevators vessels or other portable objects either as electric
Gas Magazines or electro Chemical Magazines I construct the tank 9 for my
tender of iron or other suitable metals and line the same inside with lead or other
suitable metal with or without being covered with some insulating elastic earthy
or vitrious coating which is applied to the interior of the tank and to the interior
braces or cross ties 9* and Chambers and I provide grooves or recesses into which
the electrodes or elements are adapted to fit and be secured by suitable
insulating Cement or insulating partitions or strips 9' or insulating or separating
material of a porous character for instance pulverized pumice stone wood fibro
Asbestos Slag wool or the like which I apply to the electrodes r or portion
thereof as hereafter more fully described or in some cases I employ iron or Copper
tanks or iron or steel lined with Copper with an insulating or inoxodable lining-
I employ in the construction of the electrodes r metallic foil sheets plates or boxes
of lead or other metal with or without recesses apertures or corrugations and with
or without being rendered porous by the extraction of foreign substances metallic
or otherwise chemically or by heat or mechanically with or without the employ-
ment of materials in a finely divided state the electrodes without tanks into
Compartments so that they may operate independently of each other in the
charging or discharging Circuit or so that the Magazine may be more readily built
up or repaired in case of accidents and also to give increased strength to the
Magazine and prevent any movement of the electrodes or elements r or sections or
parts thereof in the framing or respective Chambers or holders.
In constructing my electric tender or Magazine or the Magazine as electro
Chemical or Gas Magazines forming part of the equipment of the Engine I form
the holder into Compartments of square parallelogram matic octagonal or other
suitable form so as to obtain the greatest surface in a given space and provide for
the elements or adapted to be charged vivified or revivified being in close proximity
and separated from each other-Under one construction these elements are
adapted to fit closely in these Chambers with insulation surrounding them such
insulation applied to the portion of the supporting Chamber of the Magazine or by
a covering upon the elements r which exactly fits the Chamber or Carrier or the
elements can be secured in position within a suitable Metallic Chamber box or
tube or a series of them which fit so as to fill the Compartment or are adapted to
fit upon and within the framing 9° so as to prevent any movement. The framing
may consist of plates or angle iron extending across and notched into each other
and secured to the main framing g these dividing strips 9* may be provided with
recesses adapted to receive and hold the boxes or Compartments constituting or
containing the elements r series of the dividing and supporting strips are arranged
one above the other or the Compartments or boxes are provided with projections or
recesses adapted to fit parts corresponding reversely on cross pieces q* or the main
framing 9 cap or covering g² with or without an independent and detachable

page_text: covering for each) secured in position by bolts and nuts clamps screw bolts or
otherwise; such main covering 92 or series of them can be adapted to provide for
covering or opening the main chamber in which these sections of the elements r of
the magazines are placed for instance in the construction of a tender for operation
on railways the metal framing 9 would not in appearance materially differ from
that of an ordinary tender or water tank arranged upon a special truck or as at
present arranged at the side of the boiler or upon the engine which framing as
before described is composed partly or entirely of metal and in most cases will be
mounted upon the axles through the medium of the springs supported by the
axles; each compartment composing the element is provided with a tight fitting
and preferably metallic cover 9 with an elastic and insulating packing 9* which is
secured in position by keys nuts and bolts screw bolts or otherwise as at 9³ or a
series of compartments may closed and tightly sealed by one cap or covering so as
to provide for utilizing the space now occupied with coal for the storage of power
electro chemically or through the medium of gases or otherwise by charging
vivifying or revivifying such magazines while running or stationary from the
permanent or fixed electrical circuits b. In some cases I employ the elements r
with their greatest width or length arranged vertically across the line of the axis
or the reverse with or without being in detachable compartments.
In some cases I divide or form the tank into a series of compartments with the
metallic framing or cross pieces or plates q* which I coat or cover with an
insulating material or cement and in some cases I make provision for the electrodes
or elements r of my magazine sliding into the recesses or between the projections
and in order to secure them firmly in position within such recesses at the ends I
employ an insulating material or cement with which I fill the space so as to secure
the elements firmly in position I prevent these elements from coming in contact by
coating them with insulating material such as asbestos, wood, fibre, slag wood,
pumice stone, or other materials which are first mixed with some suitable adhesive
material. I apply such coating to the elements which may consist of metal sheets
plate or foil and place thom closely together either in pairs coiled upon themselves.
or coiled upon each other or the elements may consist of a series of plates or sheets
which lap each other the entire series having their ends combined to their
respective terminals and in order to provide for making good electrical contact and
securing the parts together by lapping plates or sheets so that they extend beyond
the plates of the opposite elements the parts ¹ which extend beyond the ends
of the plates are not covered with insulation the other portions of each plate
being covered. I sometimes place these plates or sheets within a mould or form
and compress them together and force into molten lead or other suitable metal
from the bottom of the mould or form at each end thereby securing the plates or
sheets firmly together and at the same time I insert the terminals in their proper
places in the extensions and in order to protect them against oxidation or
chemical action I provide a suitably formed extension in the mould or form so
that the molten metal employed will extend above or beyond the main portion of
the same and surround the said conductors of terminals.-The projections l
holding the terminals are adapted to fit in an insulating collar or washer extending
through the lid or covering 9 9* or instead of employing extensions as formed I
sometimes provide an inoxislizable rooter tight insulation in which the portions of
the terminals or conductors within the battery is enclosed; this insulation may be
applied subsequently when securing the elements in the proper position within
the parts of the magazine or the compartments designed to receive them the
terminals or conductors preferably extending through the aperture lids covering
ends or sides (of the casing) which are closely sealed with insulating material
either as a permanent arrangement or by insulating packing pieces clamped or
screwed into position In some cases I provide for separating the elements r by
slight projections of insulating material extending from or placed upon or between
the plates previously covered with the porous insulation so as to permit the free
circulation of the liquid. These plates r may be of lead or other suitable material.

page_text: or they may be composed of carbon or metal sheets coated with lead or other
suitable material or one of the plates may be formed of carbon and the other of
metal or I may use carbon or coke granulated or moulded or compressed within
moulds into molten lead with or without such molten metal being mixed with
some metal or substance which can be extracted by chemical means heat or
dissolution and such plates may be provided with apertures recesses or projections
upon or within which the active agents will be supported the porous insulation
being subsequent applied. In some cases I provide the plates or elements r with
coupling links as at r 2 alternatively through each other or at their ends so as to
provide alternate sections of the positive and negative elements r being coupled in
series. I also provide extensions for short circuiting or coupling the sections at
various points throughout the length of the elements r or the series of elements
through the medium of the terminals which are combined with the extensions
from the elements r as described. I prefer however to operate upon the length of
the element and sometimes form it with slits or cuts r3 or of a zig zag form or in
the form of rings or discs or with an aperture r4 or insulation in the centre so as
to prevent short circuiting across the element r and also to provide for uniformity
in the charging and discharging of the elements and to provide for the employment
of compound terininals which are connected at various points throughout the
length of elements for short circuiting or throwing the elements into multiple
series circuit or to provide for a series of circuits as translatory or working circuits
from the elements r connected in continuous lengths or tension series. I curry
these extensions through insulation and protect them as before described this
arrangement is also applicable when I employ boxes or chambers in which
granulated or pulverized materials are employed. I may lead the terminals out at
the sides of the chamber q and from opposite ends of the elements through the
insulation and sides or through the insulation solely and the elements may have
their greatest length in a perpendicular or horizontal line or at an angle thereto or
may be of curved corrugated or angular form. I sometimes employ a structure or
metallic casing similar in appearance and in mounting upon the engine to an
ordinary locomotive boiler with insulation in the inner portion as described with
or without the metal being coated with lead or other material, the elements + may
extend lengthwise of the structure of cylindrical semi-cylindrical flat corrugated or
other form and be super-posed side by side or parallel and connected alternatively
or continuously through end plates or insulation or an insulating cap from which
the terminals extend to the switching devises d for regulating the charging and
discharging as herein described or the elements may be arranged in two or more
continuous coils or rings or sections thereof like a series of discs or rings having
their opposite ends or sides connected alternatively or coupled in the usual
manner; the arrangement of the elements may be completed before putting them
into the Chamber and the entire structure of elements can then be slipped into
place and insulation poured in so as to secure the same, provision being made for
contraction so as to prevent loosening, this may be accomplished by one or more
recesses dovetailed or otherwise extending around the inner portion or at the ends
or I may place one element after the other in position and cement thom in position
one after the other with the necessary insulation or separation preferably through
the medium of porous insulation or I sometimes provide the desired insulation by
employing thin sheets of perforated metal upon which I apply the porous
insulation Or I reverse this construction and employ porous insulating sheets and
deposit electrically or otherwise the form of the element upon the opposite
sides thereof coating the sides mechanically or otherwise with some material
(carbonaceous or otherwise) that has affinity for metal Under such construction
the elements are brought in close proximity and without the possibility of short
circuiting or the failure of the insulation Boxes or elements having the form of
discs or flat rings may be employed and be filled with metallic oxides or other
suitable material to provide for the conservation of power electrically when placed
in the electrical circuit with the source or reserve. These elements r may be

page_text: forced and held firmly in position against any endwise movement by an end piece
provided with lugs which are adapted to pass into recesses and be turned so as to
grip a heavy flange so that the end piece can be forced home against the packing
I also provide for bolting this end piece through the flanges and I preferably employ
a packing piece of insulation between the elements and the end piece or covering.
In order to provide for the attachment of the conducting bars or coupling links.
I sometimes provide openings at the top and bottom of the Cylinder or Chamber
or a channel q through which I lead the conducting bars or terminals or provide
for their attachments or I may provide a detachable cup or cover for this purpose,
which cap or cover may be removed at pleasure the conductors being carried back
through a channel under the same to the grouping box 9 or the system of circuit
makers d as herein described Terminals may be secured at other parts in a
similar manner and be connected in parallel circuit for short circuiting or in a
continuous circuit or in multiple series in the electrical translating circuit or in the
main charging circuit with or without other magazines c in the circuit or one or
more of the vehicles or in the main charging circuit for a I sometimes construct
these magazines with the elements plates sheets boxes or otherwise secured in
cement or insulating materials at their ends or upon all sides or packed in a
somewhat similar manner in metal casings having parallel sides upon a tender or
at the back of the driving department or at the side of the motors in the same
position relative thereto and of about the same form as the water tanks of steam
locomotives. In the tank provided with parallel sides with a detachable cover g³
or covers g³ g³ gʻat the top I sometimes coat or cover the plates with porous
insulating material on one side only and embed these plates in insulation on their
ends or edges and fill in between each set of plates or in the boxes (with or without
openings or porous sides) the active material metal metallic oxides or salts or
metallic substances in a pulverized gramulated or porous condition with or without
being mixed with carbon or coke I sometimes arrange openings or traps with
suitable piping and valves as at 5 below the elements so as to provide for drawing
off the liquids or removing the solution or material employed and cleansing
elements or magazine by washing or otherwise by passing suitable solutions
through inlets 8.leading thereto from the upper portion of the elements; this
arrangement can be made applicable for all the reservoirs and the same devices may
be adapted to regulate the force of the batteries according to the height of the
liquid which may be varied at will by forcing air into an expansible vessel or
chamber or bag placed in the liquid supply portion o¹ or by pumping apparatus o
which may be operated by hand or electrically or otherwise through the medium of
a pump driven from the axle and by means of governing valves adapted to operate
in the pipes between the air reservoir and electric reservoir I can provide for
increasing or decreasing the height of the liquid by letting off the air which serves
to vary the height of the column of liquid Instead of using a pump for forcing air
a similar arrangement may be used for pumping or forcing liquid into a reservoir
which is adapted to be used in conjunction with an electric reservoir through the
medium of pipes and valves as at 8 these valves may be combined with an electric
magnetic device or speed governor so as to regulate the force of the current in the
discharging or charging circuit or both. This arrangement is applicable for cuts
off for stopping regulating or varying the consumption of fuel steam or gas or the
speed of shafts operated by compressed air water wind or other means or for cutting
out or putting in electric magazines in charging circuits and may be used as electric
meters or governing devices at a generating source or in derived circuits in an 5
electrical system of distribution and may be combined with the circuits through the
medium of electric magnetic circuits (charging or discharging or both) as described
with reference to other cut offs or regulating devices. The elements r are adapted
to be in such close proximity that the amount of liquid displaced will be very slight
and the height of the liquid can be indicated by a gauge placed in the driving 5
department and as the force of the battery weakens the pressure can be increased
thereby increasing the surface and decreasing the resistance But I prefer to

page_text: employ the electric pressure regulator In electro chemical batteries I sometimes
use independent plates placed between the charging plates; in the batteries these
plates or elements may be secured in position and connected to the charging or
discharging circuit or these metal plates as before stated may be perforated or
porous and support porous insulation or be formed of porous insulating material
and coated with metal. The elements of the battery may be so formed and the
space between the opposite plates or surfaces may be filled with the metallic
oxides or metal in a finely divided state with or without being mixed with carbon
or coke or porous metallic plates for instance lead may be interposed between these
surfaces and in contact with them.
In the construction of electric magazines I sometimes employ gramulated
materials and solutions separated by suitable metallic diaphragm plates or tubes
(porous or perforated) which are coated with insulation or otherwise as before
described so as to support the active Agents with or without metal diaphragm or
portion being in action these plates or supports of cylindrical or other form are
insulated from each other at the ends or edges and are connected continuously or
otherwise with the external circuit preferably as described and through medium
of a liquid say mercury for instance. the metal or material employed in the plates
or conductors within the active portions of the magazines is entirely dependent
upon the metallic oxides or material and solutions used. Iron or other metal may
be employed with or without being coated with lead and I may employ acid or
alkaline solutions according to the materials used and sometimes employ the oxides
of aluminum sheets in covers for my
and in some cases the oxides
of aluminum in combination with suitable conducting material or plates according
to the solution employed and insulation or deposited or placed upon or between
suitable insulation. Magazines constructed as herein described are applicable for
all purposes in an electrical system of distribution as well as for use in the
equipment of portable objects or systems.
A similar construction of magazines is suitable for the storage of electric energy
through the medium of gas evalved electrically or otherwise and the elements may
be connected alternatively as herein described or one chamber may be arranged above
the other or inside of it and the terminals in the discharging circuit may be led
therefrom through insulated caps which I preferably form somewhat conical so as
to provide or fit into counter sunk recesses and make a tight joint adapted to resist
the pressure of the gas from within the chambers. These boxes or chambers may
be of such a form as to be adapted for use in the construction of the magazines
herein specially provided for the pipes for the introduction of gases into the
converters or recomposing chamber being led from the main reservoirs to the lower
portion of the converters The extensions or terminals consisting of any suitable
inaterial metal sheets or porous plates plates with or without being in a fragmentary
or granulated state and with or without being mixed with or coated with carbon or
coke granulated or otherwise are packed into these chambers and the terminals
extend to the generating or developing sources (when on the engine or portable
portion of the electric system) so as to provide for being placed in the electric
circuit automatically or otherwise through the medium of the circuit making
devices and upon the engine with or without utilizing one or more of the rails and
wheels of the vehicles, other terminals or extensions extend to the circuit making
devices d or external circuit. This second set of terminals is adapted to provide
for the developement of the current in the external circuit containing the motors 3
and the electric regulating devices or utilizing devices as therein described. I
sometimes employ a metallic framing (preferable perforated) in the construction of
these boxes chambers or elements and embed them in insulation and provide pipes
from the decomposing chamber (such pipes being covered with lead and an insulating
coating vibreous or otherwise) which pipes are connected at the bottom of the
convertor to admit the gases to their respective Chambers. I connect the elements
in the circuit either alternately or continuously as herein described. The elements
are supported in the outer metallic frames from which they are insulated by poring

page_text: in suitable insulating material or otherwise as therein described One or more sets
of pipes extend from the convertors to an automatic cut off or safety valve which
cuts out the main bolder or the main charging circuit the pressure being indicated
upon a dial or by a pressure gauge to cut off device and at 37 or by an electric
alarm or both. In some case I provide for working from the main holder or
convertors constructed to develope less force than that desired in the discharging
circuit or circuits. In order to accomplish this I employ condensors or induction
devices c at 36 with or without magnetic cores or elements or currents transforming
devices as therein described
The
pressure gauge or cut off device ; at 37 for the magnarines whichever may
be its character or the current or pressure regulator 5 or the induction or condensing
devices c in which the conductivity of the circuit is regulated or varied with or
without a multiple of conductors or a combination of them may be combined with
(or controlled by) the speed regulator or governor p. and circuit controller d. and
with the main charging circuit p. or g. along the rails. The contract piece or wheel p..
which I form with a curved face of any other suitable shape as adapted to work
upon the contract plates b extending lengthwise of the track. In the construction
of the magazines the main portion may be upon the tender and the converting and
regulating devices placed upon the ongine together with a reserve and the two
magazines may be adapted to operate (through the medium of the devices d. in
series or otherwise in the motor or other discharging circuit therefrom or either one
may be employed independently of the other with or without accumulating or
induction devices c at 36 for regulating the force of the current in one or more of
the circuits in the electrical equipment of the engine vehicle or train I provide
magazines similar in construction secured to suitable supports under or in
connection with each vehicle as shewn at 38 so as to connect them with the
main charging circuit or circuits 6 and with the respective circuits or containing the
translating devices I provide for charging and discharging these magazines in
groups or pairs or as gas magazines with low or high force currents with or without
interfering with the discharging or translating circuits In order to secure such
magazines firmly in position I provide suitable chambers f of metal which are
secured to the framework of the Vehicle through the medium of lugs and screws
bolts and nuts or rivets so that when attached they will constitute a permanent
fixture to the Vehicle. Through these boxes or through the floor or lower part of the
frame of the Vehicles I pass light fitting plungers or cones which are adapted to slide
or move or be screwed into light fitting cups suitably insulated into which cups the
conductors from the latter terminate preferably through the medium of a liquid in
the circuit as before described I sometimes employ an elastic insulating packing
between the cups and the plunger. by this means I am enabled in all cases to
ensure a proper contact. The outer casing or boxes of the electric magazine c or
some parts thereof are adapted to exactly fit into the case or receiver provided for
the same so that it will be impossible for the magazines to meet when in use and
to further ensure this result the door F¹ which is at the end of the outer casing t.
and which is preferably on one side of the vehicle is when being closed adapted to
force inclined pieces or wedges over or around the magazine and between the same
and the casing with or without the employment of an independent spring
or weight lock F³ I sometimes so arrange such magazines within their
enclosing
or chamber that except at the will of an operator and with
the door opened it will be impossible to receive a magazine or magazines. I also
provide locks and keys for controlling the access to the magazines and to the
circuit makers arranged at 39. The arrangement of circuits and contracts is
applicable in all the fittings of the train and may be compounded. When I wish
to take off several circuits or make any independent connections the conductors
for the elements of the magazine extend through the insulation and casing and I
provide at 39 a cup cups or recesses into which the plungers are adapted to
operate as set forth.
It will be understood from the foregoing description with reference to varying

page_text: the conductivity of the electrical circuit that I employ either a multiple of
conductors or branches of the main electrical circuit a from the generators or
producers g or in the devices 55 or the conserving accumulating condensing or
induction devices or a combination of them or derived circuits b therefrom with
any of such devices or the translating devices in parallel circuit multiple series or
series as may be desired Or I provide for an equipment result by varying the
conductivity of the electrical circuit by varying the volume or quantity or height
of a liquid or a combination of liquids (metallic or good conducting with or
without an insulating liquid for covering the good conductor or series of them or
with an insulating or bad conducting liquid) and varying to a mathematica!
correctness the surface of the conducting material 8 in the devices 5 or d³ adapted
to be operative or controlled by thermo or magneto electric devices 11 or d. or
otherwise dependent upon the consumption or conservation or utilization of
electric energy or the electric potential in the derived circuits with or without
accumulating or storing devices c in such circuits or in the main electrical circuits a
supplied directly from the generating source a (dynamo or magnet or otherwise
electric operator by Gas engines water or wind engines or motors or otherwise or from
accumulating concerting or converting devices other than or in combination with tho
generating source or from the reserves of electric energy. I sometimes employ such
devices 5 or d or both for regulating the generative capacity of the generators of a
dynamo or magneto electric machine or a series of them with the devices coupled in
parallel circuit multiplo series or series in the main external circuit or in a derived
or shunt circuit therefrom in which is included the coils n¹ of the field magnets n
either in multiple series or parallel circuit or series or capable of.being automatically
or otherwise changed from one to the other dependent upon the force of tho
current or the resistance of the external circuit or for varying the conductivity of
the electrical circuit including the coils element or elements of the armature m or
field magnet or magnets n of the generating machine machines or sections thereof
coupled for high or low force currents or in a continuous circuit or without
the reversal of the current one or more times during each revolution) by the
employment of a multiple of branches of greater or less conductivity independently
or collectively so as to provide for injecting into or ejecting from or short circuiting
or interrupting the sections or parts of the field magnets or arinature or both from
the circuit so as to provide for varying the conductivity of such portions of the
circuit and with or without altering the connections of such circuit from series to
multiple series or parallel circuit or vice versa automatically or otherwise or for
decreasing the length of such portion n' m of the circuit partially or entirely as
the working resistances 1. 2. 3. 4. c 3 in the external circuit may be thrown into
or out of circuit or use so as to vary in parallel circuit multiple series or otherwise
with return by earth or the reverse or by an insulated circuit. This method of
short circuiting is applicable for converting the current from high force to low
force or vice versa through the medium of any kind of converter or electric
potential transformer reducer or regulator g, 1. 5 d, 3, or a combination of them
and is well suited for induction devices condensers accumulators or electric
magazines electro chemical or gas batteries c and through the medium of the
regulating devices or switching devices 5 d and liquid in the circuits it is
practicable to utilizo and regulate currents of any force and to provide for the
utilization of currents of any potential or tension or to vary the tension as may be
desired even from the same accumulating storing or converting devices c either
from the generator or developer g or the transformer or regulator 5 d at any
portion of an electrical circuit for instance if an accumulator or battery or
condensor or induction coils c or a combination of them is coupled in series or
connected continuously by leading off from any portion of such devices derived
circuits of less conductivity than would be required to discharge such part in a
given time independent currents may be developed in the external circuits b and
the difference in the force of the currents will bo in proportion to the difference of
surface or the number of elements in series or the length or resistanco in the

page_text: devices c in such circuits. In so constructing motors 3 amerating machines y, or
devices d. 5 ns to provide for such method of working I employ a multiple of
branches leading into the same or main circuit element or coil and each set of
magnets or elements or coil is connected with one circuit by a common conductor
or a series of them and through the medium of the circuit making or regulating
devices 5, d with or without being combined with a speed regulator h, indicator or
controller mechanically or electrically operated as upon the shaft of a motor or
electrically operative through the passage of the current through the circuit a or b
the resistance in which is varied by the translating devices being thrown into and
out of operation and adapted to operate in loop or derived circuits in parallel
circuit multiple are or multiple series and with or without being combined with
devices or means c for stormy energy in one or more of the circuits adapted to
have their internal resistance varied-by such means. I sometimes combine the
multiple of circuits with a circuit controlling or switching device or devices d
operated either entirely or partially by hand with or without being combined
with a speed regulator or governor h, (electric or otherwise) so as to provide for
placing the armature or field magnets or both of an electric motor or a series of
them in the electrical circuit either in series parallel circuit or multiple serios with
the main electrical circuit a directly or through the medium of a derived or branch
circuit insulated partly or entirely with return by earth or the reverse with or
without accumulating storing or converting devices c in the circuit thereto from
the developing sourco at a* or reserve c and with or without other means in the
. circuit for varying the conductivity or resistance in such circuit at the generating
source or elsewhere. By this means I am enabled to connect the elements of the
generator or storing device or a series of them with the electrical circuit a cither
in series or in multiple are or series automatically or otherwise or both through
the medium of the compound circuit maker & and circuits in the electrical circuit
of the stationary portion or in the equipment of tramcars engines trains or other
portable objects with or without automatic cut off as at 20 to prevent the
backward flow of the current by the pressure of gas, the height of liquid springs
weights heat electrically or any combination of such means in the circuits a or
derived circuits b, from the main charging circuits or the discharging circuits or
between the stationary and portable circuits of the system or in the circuits
adapted to be combined with one more motors connected in series or parallel
or multiple circuit with or without the employment of a liquid in the circuit as
described.
In some cases I maintain the circuit making or regulating devices or cut off 5,
in its normal position by means of a spring weight float or collapsible medium
combined with a stop so that a minimum conductivity is maintained in the circuit
or the circuit is absolutely broken except through the helico of the solemoid or one
of the individual helices as illustrated in Figure In all cases when suitably
regulated the circuit naker 5 will be automatically adjusted in exact accordanco
with the resistance in the discharging or external circuit a or b or any combination
of them or in accordance with the speed of the shaft or the current developed or
transmitted in the main circuit a or derived circuit b or an independent circuit
which represents a certain portion or relation to the main circuit or the force or
consumption or conservation in such circuit. By these means the automatic circuit-
makers 5 and the current passing will be controlled as the solenoid 11 or other
electric translating device combinated with the circuit maker will operate upon the
corc armature or part in proportion to the resistance in the circuit and thereby
regulate or vary the conductivity of such circuit 1 prefer to employ independent
circuits of the motors 3 or devices in which there are wide variations in the work
being done and regulāto such circuits in a similar manner and such device is an
efficient Governor for a rustor and can be adapted to be operative by a current
developed by the rotation or movement of the rustor either from a suitably wound
coil or coils or the inductors of the armature or a minature generator mounted
upon the Shaft of the motor; for instance a metal disc or a continuous coil may be

page_text: employed with suitably arranged pole pieces as electric magnets or permanent
magnets and with or without commutators I may employ a disc machine with a
sharp cutting or levelled edge
with the developing element connected in
the circuit through the medium of mercury or a liquid and sometimes cover or
surround this Wheel with a Shield which will prevent loss of the liquid due to
centrifugal force I prefer to employ permanent magnets or include the magnets in
a derived circuit from the main The current developed by such device or a portion
of the circuit leads to the switching device electro magnetically theremo-electrically
or otherwise operated so as to provide for varying the conductivity of the
main circuit or for interrupting and completing such circuit or for varying the
conductivity or resistance of the converting device in the charging and discharging
circuit and maintaining a determined force of current in the derived circuit at
variance with the force of the current developed by the generator or of the sourco
The regulating device 5 for a derived circuit can have the multiple conductors
connected at their ends to one of the derived circuits or conductors of a multiple
are or other circuit and by the employment of a liquid before stated or a series of
insulated contact parts and a plunger or rotating picco having an armature or
core 170 with or without being mounted upon a lever or rocking beam 40 so as to
be adapted to be held in position by a spring or weight 41 and be operated by a
solenoid or magnet or a series of them (11) which are combined in the eternal
circuit of the derived translating working or discharging circuit b of one or both
branches in such a mannor as to regulate the current passing through the circuit b
and to reduce the forco of the current in the discharging or working circuits bor
to regulate the current in the circuit to meet the variations or fluctuations of
consumption transmission or development by the action of the current through tho
medium of the armaturo core or other means which is depressed or elevated thereby
so as to vary the height of the liquid by varying the surface or resistance in the
multiple of conductors in the circuit or the volume of liquid
I combine with a main or generator circuit a a series of accumulating storing or
converting and regulating devices c charged in series or multiple series or otherwiso
therefrom with a current of high tension and I reduce or vary the force of
the current in the separate translating circuits b by the employment of automatic
switching devices & controlled by pumping or compressing a liquid air or gases or
for instanco at 14. 12. or by the evolution of gas in one or more cylinders provided
with one or more pistons valves or cut offs and with a spring or weight or
other means for completing a circuit so as to fire the gas evolved upon a definite
accumulation so as to provide for placing the accumulating storing or converting
devices c alternately or consecutively in the main and translating circuits or such
actuating devices can be combined with recording devices for registering and
measuring the current By such means the translating or discharging circuits aro
rendered independent of the generator or source of Electricity for a given time I
thereby control the movement of the devices ( and for 5 alternately or consecutively
making the connection with the generator or source of electricity or reducing the
force of the current in the translating or discharging circuits.
In such a system of electrical distribution the electrical generating devices
electric lamps motors or other translating devices may be arranged in an insulated
circuit in multiple are or multiple series in parallel circuit with or without utilizing
the earth as a portion of the main circuit as a return or the reverse and with or
without utilizing partially an uninsulated circuit as a portion of the translating
or discharging circuit 6 in which accumulating storing or converting devices c
are consecutively alternately or intermittently thrown up the charging and
discharging circuits through the medium of the switching devices d controlled by
electro magnetic or other suitable device or devices adapted to be operated in
proportion to the consumption of energy in the circuit or otherwise the accumulating
or storing devices e being combined or connected in the charging and discharging
circuit through the medium of conductors of suitable conductivity to regulate the
current passing or in other words to vary the resistance or conductivity in the

page_text: charging and discharging circuits or the number of elements r coupled in series or
the length of the element charged or to short circuit the same at one or more
points when working into the discharging circuit through the medium of the
switching or commutating dovices d
I sometimes combine lamps motors or other translating devices with the supply
circuit of high forco through the medium of reservoirs condensers induction or
accumulating devices c whose elements or parts are alternatively consecutively or
intermittently placed in the charging and discharging circuits through the medium
of a derived circuit which limits the current and a switching or commutating
device d having electrical connections and including electric magnetic devices d' for
altering the circuits by short circuiting or otherwise so as to vary the force of the
current from high to low force through a multiple series circuit parallel circuit or
a Series of circuits or vice versa
I sometimes employ arc semi-incandescent or incandescent lamps or any of them
in series for special uses I regulate the force of the current in such circuits by varying
the conductivity as herein provided for through the medium of short circuiting devices
and electrical circuits adapted to provide for transforming high tension currents to
currents of lower tension or vice versa with or without alternating the current the
lamps may be arranged in multiple arc or multiple scries or series and the force of
the current can be varied or regulated by short circuiting by a multiple of circuits
the elements or length or surface of the induction condensing or accumulating
devices c through the medium of the switching devices d or the dovice 5 or a
combination of them with or without the employment of a liquid or a combination
of liquids in the circuit as herein described or for increasing or varying the number
of the elements in the series or charging or discharging circuit or the carrying
capacity or conductivity of the circuit making device d 5 with or without a multiple
of conductors or with or without a liquid or a combination of them in the circuit
adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of such portion of the circuit
between the high tension portion of the circuit and the reduced tension through
the medium of electro magnetic devices 11 d¹ as herein provided for. I combino
with these regulating devices means for working the cut offs to the Steam cylinders
gas cylinders or fuel supply gas or liquid or the dampers for the admission of air
with the electro magnetic or other devices ; as herein provided for indicating the
conversation of energy and the conductivity of the circuit so as to obviate waste of
fuel or power
I sometimes employ by regulating or varying the force of the current or for
regulating or varying the resistance or conductivity in an electric circuit a
continuous Conductor lapped or folded. backwards and forwards alternatively or in
the form of a coil each coil or fold being insulated from each other and arranged
parallel or at an angle to each other and at right angles or at an angle to a vertical
axis and I sometimes employ a series of these arranged upon a movable piece or
plunger or upon a Stationary part so that the greatest length of the conductor will
represent the greatest resistanco and I employ Mercury or the liquid Contractor
with or without insulating liquid as a covering and adapted to be operated in the
electrical circuit by decreasing or increasing the height of the liquid and increasing
or decreasing the conductivity of the Circuit as before stated through the medium
of the device 5
I sometimes employ a conducting surface or a multiple of them of a film of metal
upon insulation in the form of a V so that the point of the conductor will represent
the minimum conductivity of the circuit and the resistance will become decreased
in proportion as the height of the column of liquid is increased
I sometimes provide a series of these pointed terminals 8 with a plunger or
displacing of insulating material between them and adapted to provide for varying
the height of the liquid In some cases such conductors connected with the
discharging circuit is made of increased conductivity in proportion as I wish to
decrease the force of the current in the discharging circuit
I preferably from these Conductors for use in such portions of the circuit by

page_text: depositing electrically or otherwise or embedding the same in recesses formed upon
insulating material which forms the walls of the Chamber in which the liquid is
placed Or such Conductors may be built up or formed on detachable plates
adapted to fit into such Chambers
In order to provide efficient means for short circuiting the current in case of
undue pressure in the branches or in any other circuit I employ a liquid for
instance mercury covered with insulating liquid as before stated which is placed in
a box or Chamber 42 into which the conductor of the derived circuit extends
I fit a piston or float 43 which is combined with an electric translating device for
instance the core of a solenoid 11 with or without being combined with a rocking
lever suitably supported and weighted This electric translating device is included
in the return portion of the circuit or in a loop connected with the main so as to
short circuit any excess of current to the return or to the main The amount of
the mercury in the main derived circuit represents the conductivity or slightley less
than the conductivity of such circuit or the maximum current designed.to be passed
through such circuit In case there shall be any excess or undue pressure in such
circuit the liquid will be expended and thereby close the derived or loop circuit
and short circuit the current in exact accordance with the excess arising from tho
undue pressure
I preferably enclose the liquid in the Main circuit in the Chamber 42 so as to
provide for any possible expansion of the liquid
Or the circuit may be completed from or upon some predetermined rise of the
liquid and the electro magnet or solenoid 11 may be thrown into the circuit and
will actuate the armature 17 carrying a plunger for short circuiting interrupting
or reducing the flow of the current in the derived or main circuit or the rise and
fall of the liquid can provide for completing and interrupting the circuit through
a fixed connection as at 44 or a series of fixed connections extending in suitable
proximity to the Chamber 43 containing the liquid I sometimes employ a
multiple of conductors or a pointed piece of platinum or iron or other metal
created with platinum silver copper or an alloy
These portions of the circuit either in parallel multiple arc or series circuit are
arranged in suitable insulation with or without a metallic casing or box 45 for
connection with tubular or other sections by screw couplings or otherwise which
are preferably so formed as to provide for forcing in and retaining insulation
heated or under pressure
I sometimes employ as main Conductors copper or other suitable metal bars
wires or tubes which are placed in iron casings tubes or boxes with suitable
Vitreons or other insulating material between the said main Conductor and the
outer casing and I coat or cover the outer casing with a metal or an alloy of
better conductivity than iron say copper with or without employing or protecting
or inoxidizible coating thereon and I sometimes provide projections or arms
therefrom (which must also be coated with metal or metallic alloy to prevent
oxidation to extend into the earth portion of the circuit these projections or arms
may extend for some distance therefrom or be connected with Water Channels
Water or Gas pipes or railway tracks in order to provide for reducing tho
resistance of the derived circuits in which the translating or utilizing devices are
included or adapted to operate in multiple are multiple series or loops in series
with or without condensing or induction devices C and with or without devices
or means C in the stationary and portable portions of the system to provido for the
conservation of power in the form of electric energy and devices and means F 5 to
provide for regulating converting or varying the electric potential as may be
desired for any use or application from current transformers or regulators or parts
or sections thereof
When utilizing a natural force such as the wind tide the heat of the Sun the
force or fall of water I provide means to regulate the development of the current
by the conservation or accumulation of the power in the form of electric energy so

page_text: as to cut the generator or series out of the circuit by float or valve pumping or
compressing devices and in combination with the Shaft of the Windmoter I
employ a weighted Governor which will regulate and vary the position of the
blades of the motor dependent upon the speed of the electric generator or the
speed of the wind The angle or position of a parabolic reflector may be varied
and regulated in somewhat similar manner through tho medium of a second
reflector or part combined with the main electrically or mechanically in fact any
means which provides for converting and utilizing such power may be utilized for
varying the position of such devices dependent upon the heat evolved for instance
through the medium of a liquid column and a float or piston which is combined
with tho reflector the position will be regulated dependent upon the heat
consentrated by making the normal position of the reflector so as to be suited to
the position the sun occupies relatively to the device in, the morning and the
temperature to be imparted thereby the reflector will be automatically regulated or
it can be operated by time mechanism. I prefer however to form the reflector
and chamber containing liquid which is of glass or ructal so that the heat will be
utilized through the medium of such liquid either by the generation of steain and
the utilization of the steam for motive power to drive dynamo or magneto electric
machines or by the conversion of the heat through the medium of the liquid
diffuser and thermo electric elements which are preferably coupled with an
accumulating or transforming device c or series of them of low internal resistance
through the medium of a commutating or switching device d adapted to
alternatively or consecutively placo the elements of such device in the charging
and discharging circuits with or without other converting conserving or trans-
forming devices C to operate as current transformers or transmitters C at the
developing source a* or stations or in the derived discharging or working circuits b
switching circuits making devices and devices 5 for varying the conductivity for
in the circuits provided with translating devices with return by earth or the
reverse with or without devices or means C to make the translating devices in the
discharging or working circuits independent of the generating and storing devices
or either of them for a given time and for utilization in portable systems or
devices equipped with electrical circuits and devices for the translation of electric
energy into light heat motive power or for the purposes of tractions over fixed
electrical circuits b or sections or to or from fixed points or place the devices
being coupled in multiple arc multiple series parallel circuit or scries or any
combination of such circuits I sometimes provide for the circulation and diffusion
of the liquid and the regulation of the temperature of the elements and the
conservation of energy by the employment of a series of pipes connected to a
vertical pipe each of these pipes lead to a return pipe connected with the heating
chamber in the circuit of the liquid in which the therms electro elements or series
of them can be placed so as to provide for the development of an electric current
in the external circuit or circuits a of low resistance in which the accumulating
conserving or converting devices o are adapted to operate as will be understood
from the foregoing description
The variation in the volume of liquid may provide for varying the number of
the conserving devices e in the electric circuit or for decreasing or stopping the
generation of the currents by employing a shade or governor whose position is
electro magnetically or otherwise controlled so as to reduce or vary the surface
exposed to the action of the sun the devices described for cutting the conserving
devices o out of the charging circuit or for regulating the charging and discharging
circuit or measuring the energy stored or conserved or for proportioning the
generation to the consumption or for regulating the electric potential or pressure in
the circuits can be combined with the devices for varying the surface exposed
such surface may consist of a series of suitably formed lenses so as to provide for
the concentration or focussing of the rays so as to heat the Chamber containing the
liquid These devices may be supported upon a frame whose position is controlled
by time mechanism or by the height or Column of the liquid or otherwise as

page_text: berein described for stopping or regulating the development or conservation of the
electric currents
I employ these improvements for the distribution of electric energy for light
heat or motive power and for operating electrical Railways or in the equipment of
waggons vehicles engines or trains or other portable objects adapted to be operated
over fixed or determined lines b or from fixed or determined points or places such
as hoists elevators or vessels or torpedos operated through the agency of electric
currents electric mortar or motors connected or combined with a Shaft axle or series
of them either directly or through the medium of gearing (frictorial or otherwise)
for communicating motion to shaft for driving or propelling a vehicle train or object
over a circuit (metallic or partially metallic) with or without accumulating storing
or current converting or transforming or regulating devices cd 5 upon one or more of
the wagons Vehicles or trains and with or without devices or means d 5 in the circuit of
the stationary portion of the electrical circuit B to reduce convert or transform the
force of the current or electric potential in the devices or means or working circuits
forming part of the electrical equipment of the waggon vehicle train or other
portable object or a series of them adapted to utilize electric energy for light heat
motive power brake power independently or collectively through the medium of
electrical circuits and suitable translating regulating or converting and conserving
device with the devices or means employed as herein set forth or in combination
with the devices means or methods of working apparatus or combinations as set
forth in the Specification of Letters Patent herein before referred to
In figure 1 of the drawings I have shown a diagrammatic view wherein the
main circuit a is connected with the producing source a* and provided with
derived circuits b in which circuits ab I provide means for regulating the
production as well as for regulating the force of the current or for varying the
pressure by the employment of the devices 5 and I also employ means as at 42. 43
for short circuiting the current in case of and in proportion to any excess or unduo
pressure I have shewn a supply circuit a extending along the line to which branches
are conductors or rails b partially insulated between the lines aro connected theso
conductors or rails b provide for conveying the current through the electrical
circuit on the engine vehicles or train and a similar arrangement is shown for
clevators with or without the employment of the rails of the line as shown in
Figure 2 I have shown in Figure 1 the conductor b extending both for short
distances and continuously and in Figure 2 I have shown the rails extending
continuously and formed into insulated sections connected with the source of
supply a or the reserve source-a-as in other figures Tho current is controlled
in these derived circuits or conductors b by the employment of the device 42. 43.
and 5 and an electric magnetic or electric translating device e' included in a
controlling circuit or a series of controlling circuits e extending from a signalman's
cabin in which interlocking mechanics figure 30 is preferably employed such
device e being adapted to operate or to be controlled in such a manner as to render
it impossible to cause the current to flow into the circuit b against the will of the
signalman or operator or contrary the proper relative position or working of
signals-trains. or other movable mechanicism The working of these devices e¹ is
also preferably so arranged that the circuit 6 is completed only by or through the
vehicles passing over the circuit b and the regulating device 5 are only thrown
into the circuit upon the completion of the circuit e which renders operative the
device c¹. The devices e' are preferably so constructed as to provide for reducing
the force of the current passing through the conductor or conductors b below the
force of the current transmitted through the main circuit a excepting when I
employ accumulating or converting devices c in conjunction therewith and in such
cases the device 5-will operate as a pressure regulator or variable resistance-
The device 5 is adapted to so operate as to provide for varying the con-
ductivity of the circuit 6 in accordance with the variation of resistance through
the electrical circuit or working resistances forming part of the electrical

page_text: equipment of a waggon vehicle or train and when applied to an elevation or the
like it will be seen that similar results are realized
I have shown in this figure various circuits. with devices adapted to provide for
distributing power through the medium of electric circuits a-b for use at Railway
Stations along the lines for lighting heating or motive power in the stationary
portions of the circuit for the lighting of stations and 45. 46 and 47 signalling and
the operation of movable mechanism along the line as well for lighting heating and
motive power upon the engines vehicles or trains or for the purposes of traction
and for the operation of elevators-electrically-as well as for the propulsion
of vessels I have shown devices c adapted to provide for the conservation or
accumulation of power electrically transmitted through the circuit through the
medium of electro-chemical or electric gas engines with or without the employment
of accumulating or induction devices adapted to operate in conjunction therowith
I have shown singlo and compound magazines or accumulating devices c but
I prefer to employ a compound magazino or magazines adapted to operato for
constantly utilizing the main circuits a. In some cases a single magazino not
compounded is employed in connection with the switches and crossing or signalling
appliances-elevators-or for supplying power to vessels at fixed points or such
appliances as are adapted to operate at intervals as herein described and set forth
in the Specifications of my previous Letters Patents.
I have shown the devices c adapted to be connected with the Railway Lines or
earth or an insulated portion of the circuit in such a manner as to provide for
operating as working resistances in the insulated portion of the circuit or a derived
or branch circuit b therefrom into or through which the current is induced or.
caused to flow.
These working resistances care adapted to hold a reserve of energy at fixed points
or stations and to supply energy into the working circuits b connected therewith
or are adapted to so operate as to provide for regulating the current in the circuits
so as to permit the variation and regulation of the force of the current in the
circuits bat variance with the force of the current in the supply circuit a in
accordance with the variation in the consumption through the medium working
resistances such as lamps heaters motors or other translating devices in the derived
circuit b with or without working from electric reservoirs electro chemical or gas
batteries c which I preferably adapt to operate when employed with low internal
resistance in the derived or charging circuits and limit the quantity introduced
into such circuit by the employment of the regulating devices 42. 43 and 5 adapted
to provide for such a result as herein setforth
I have shown signals 48 along the lino provided with one or more electro
magnetic or other translating devices at 49 adapted to be operated from the derived
circuits 6 of the main or distributing circuit a and to be controlled through the
medium of independent circuits.e extending to a system of contact makers which
aro combined through the medium of interlocking mechanism for securing the
proper relative working of the signalling and other movable mechanism and light
and fog signalling apparatus and for combining a series of stations or for block
signalling as under the ordinary system employed in the operation of railways so
as to secure the proper relative working of all parts so connected or combined.
I employ in combination with such devices and circuits the pressure regulators 42
and 43-devices 5-electric magazines c-alumatic cut 27 = J-measuring and
devices 15 and variable resistance D controlling devices f-d-13 or
the like as will be understood from the reference letters and figures or description
of the drawings
The accumulating devices c either electro chemical or gas batteries may be
adapted to supply the current necessary for a station or for independent translating
devices employed for the operation of the signalling bolting and testing or other
devices at one or more stations. At station 45 the circuits are shown with tho
working resistances adapted to provide for the translation of electric energy into

page_text: motive power or both motive power and light at signals 48 crossings or crossing
lines 50 or bolting or testing devices or both at 51 with or without being combined
with lock bars or devices or means to control the circuits or movable mechanism
while the train occupies a given section or is passing on to or from the crossing
line for the lights 52 and for fog signals 53
These various circuits I control and interlock through the medium of the
centralized system of contact makers or circuit controllers combined mechanically
or both mechanically and electrically so as to provide for the proper relative working
of the system of circuits which are adapted to be operated or controlled from the
cabin with or without being controlled along the line or from other cabins or
blocking signalling or testing devices the circuit extending from or in electrical
communication with such devices at distant points or stations so as to operate upon
the circuit controlling device in tho derived circuit b in which the electric trans-
lating devices combined with the movable or acting parts of crossing lines torpedoes
signal lights or traffic controlling devices are adapted to operate in parallel circuit
or series as may be desired and the automatic cut off dovices are adapted to provide
for decreasing or stopping the consumption of energy at each complete movement
or operation of a switch or crossing line in a similar mannor to that described in
the Specification of my former Letters Patent and as herein illustrated. I employ
electro magnetic devices of simple or compound construction adapted to operate
upon an armature carrying one or more contact parts or plungers to provide for
completing the circuit one or both ways with or without being combined with tho
movable part of the signal 48 switch or crossing line 50 or the testing or both
bolting and testing devicos 51 or the electro magnetic devices or circuits for the
operation of such movable part or parts connected combined or adapted to oporate
in conjunction therewith constantly or at intervals for cutting out or reducing the
consumption of energy for the maintenance of a signal 48 in some defined position
or for stopping or reducing tho consumption of energy in securing or locking of a
switch crossing line locking bars or testing and bolting devices when they occupy
some defined position as fully setforth in the Specifications of my former Letters
Patent herein referred to.
At the Stations 45. 46 and 47 the devices and electric circuits are indicated by
letters of reference as herein described
The producers or generators g at a may have combined with them in the working
circuit b magazines c of low internal resistance which can be alternately charged
and discharged through the medium of the device d electrically operative as
described with reference to other Figures of the drawings. These magazines c aro
adapted to be alternately placed in the charging circuit from the generator or
producer g at a and into the discharging circuit to the condensers or induction
devices through the medium of the device d or a series of them adapted to operate
as described with reference to various figures of the drawings.
Where conserving or accumulating devices c are employed either in the stationary
circuit or in the equipment of the vehicles or both I provide automatic cut offs as
indicated in the drawing at 20 in the stationary circuits and in the equipment
of the engines-vehicles-elevators-vessels or the like between the magazines c
forming part of the equipments of the engine-train-vossel-elevator or such like
or other objects and the stationary source a* or magazines a―e or other devices
in the stationary portion of the electric circuit.
I have shewn the dynamo electric machines g at the generating source a* similar
in construction to the machines illustrated in other figures of the drawings as
applicable to engines or vehicles elevators vessels or the like in which a series of
disc or ring armatures is employed and adapted to operate in conjunction with
inductive poles arranged at the sides of the discs-This construction of machino
provides for subdividing or varying the connections and thereby varying the
internal resistance of the helix or helices of the magnet or magnets or the conductor
or helix or helices of the armature or armatures by the employment of a compound
set of terminals and contacts and suitable commutating devices d either automatically
-

page_text: or otherwise operative as hercin more fully described with reference to generators g
condensers induction or accumulating devices c.
Figures 3 and 4 represent a series of derived circuits b arranged for making
electrical communication through the vehicles, the pressure regulators 42-43 and
current transformers or regulators 5 and circuit controlling devices e¹ and circuits e
being indicated as before described
In Figure 5 I have shewn an arrangement of batteries c which are provided
with a compound set of terminals terminating in a circuit making device d so as
to provide for varying the internal resistance of the magazines in the charging and
discharging circuits and provided with device 5 in the charging and discharging
circuit for varying the resistance in the circuit in accordance with the resistance
in the external circuit to or from the devices c-The electro magnetic device d' is
shewn as an electric motor provided with a speed regulator or governor the shaft
of the said motor being combined with the shaft or axis d² of the devico & which
is provided with cam surfaces or projections that operate upon the plungers 7-
These cam surfaces or projections are so arranged as to provide for throwing the
series elements in a multiple circuit into the charging circuit and for throwing
another set of clements into the discharging circuit in scries or otherwiso-The
motor for operating the commutator d is shown included in the charging circuit
and also in the discharging circuit so that in caso there is no current passing through
the charging circuit the current passing through the discharging circuit from the
reservoirs c provides for operating such motors from the fact that the governor h of
the motor is adapted to operate in such a manner as to provide for breaking the
circuit thereto from the batteries when the current is passing through the charging
circuit and when the speed of the motor falls below a given point the current passes
through a loop from the discharging circuit and thus provides for keeping the
motor in action with a less rato of spoed. The compound contacts which provido
for this result are indicated at 53 the contacts to provide for operating the motor
through the current from the generator being shewn as extending to a greater
depth than those for completing the circuit so as to place the motor in the
discharging circuit from the reservoirs c therefore as the speed diminishes the motor
is thrown into the battery circuit and operated by a portion of the current passing
thero-through-Automatic, cut offs and devices for regulating the charging or the
accumulation of power in the magazines may be adapted to operate in or upon the
charging circuit as described.
In Figure 6 I have shewn an arrangement of commutating devices & in com-
bination with devices c which devices & are adapted to operate in conjunction with
compound electrical generators induction devices condensers or electric motors so
as to provide for varying (automatically or otherwise) the internal resistance of
such devices through the medium of compound terminals or connections as horein
described so as to provide for short circuiting or throwing into a multiple circuit
the continuous length or tension series circuit so that one or more sets of the
terminals may be connected in a continuous length or lengths in tension series to
individual contacts or circuit making devices and with one or more other sets of
individual terminals or branches connected permanently to one end of the sume
element or elements and to individual or independent collectors or contacts or
otherwise as herein specially provided for in the operation of generators or induction
devices. The shaft is operated by the motor d¹ which is connected with a
pumping device as before described for pumping a liquid into the chamber 10 into
which a loop from the main charging circuit containing the electro magnetic
device 11 extends. This device 11 is adapted to operate upon the cut off j when
the liquid reaches some predetermined height by the completion of the circuit
at 12 such predetermined height represents the amount of energy stored in the
reservoirs c and through the medium of the regulating device 31 included in the
discharging circuit from the battery or batteries c I provide for varying the
quantity of liquid flowing from the reservoir 16 in accordance with the translation
of energy or the variation of resistance in the discharging circuit b and for restoring

page_text: the communication between the charging circuit and the reservoirs c until they
again become fully charged when they are again cut out of the circuit. I have
shewn in this Figure the regulator 43 in the charging circuit the automatic
cut off the motor d' adapted to be operated in the charging and discharging
circuit dependent upon the action of the cut off device j and the measuring device 15;
the plungers 7 operated by the device d are so arranged as to provide for operating
with individual terminals connected in series lengths with one set of contacts
while another set of terminals is connected with another set of contacts so as to
provide for one part being in the charging circuit while another part is in the
discharging circuit. I have shown three sets of the batteries or reservoirs c each
of which sets is provided with three sets of series elements so as to provide if
desired for placing such elements in the circuit connected in multiple series
through the medium of the device d and with a multiple of branches to each of
these sectional series elements so as to provide for reducing the internal resistance
to any extent which may be desired. The Contract pieces on the devices daro
arranged to lap each other and the terminals extend from one device d to the other
in which the Contacts are arranged for throwing the elements and series or
multiple series. This device may be operated by hand or automatically and by
such device I can provide for consecutively increasing or reducing the internal
resistance or the number of the elements in the circuit.-I preferably operate
through the medium of pointed parts as described with reference to the devices 5
I employ an automatic cut off as at 20 to prevent the backward flow of the
current.
In figure 7 I have shown an arrangement of batteries which are especially
adapted for use upon vehicles and which are enclosed in a metallic casing and
provided with means for flushing or cleansing the electrodes and chambers the
accumulating cut off regulating and switching devices being indicated by referenco
letters and numerals similar to those heroinbefore referred to. I have shown at 55
a branch for short circuiting the reservoirs c or throwing them into the stationary
portion of the circuit collectively.
Figure 8 and 9 represent in perspective an electric engine constructed as herein
described and. Figures, 10, 11, 12. 13, 14. 14* represent various modifications and
arrangements of figure 14 and 14* shews the armatures m provided with a serics
of rings projecting in a lino with axis, and adapted to operate between a series of
blades rings which constitute or support the arms or poles of the magnets n-the
parts constituting the elements of the machine as herein described
Figure 15 is a diagrammatic view representing various circuit controllers and
cut offs adapted to bo used in the equipment of electric engines and vehicles.
N° 1 CIRCUIT CONTROLLER.
This circuit Controller provides for including the motors 3 on the engine in the
discharging circuit from the batteries cor from the stationary source of supply b
•

page_text: N° 2 CIRCUIT CONTROLLER.
This circuit controller provides for including the storage batteries or reservoirs o
on the engine or tender in the discharging circuit therefrom to the motors 3 (with
or without the employment of induction or condensing devices in such circuit)
either in series or multiple series. For instance :-
The Contact makers 1. 2. and 3 when operated provide for including tho
reservoirs or magazines 1 and 2 in the discharging circuit in series and the Contact
makes 4 and 5 when operated provide for including such reservoirs or magazines
in the discharging circuit in multiple series.
The Contact makers 6. 7 and 8 when operated provide for including tho
reservoirs or magazines 3 and 4 in the discharging circuit in series and the Contact
makers 9 and 10 when operated provide for including such reservoirs or magazines
in the discharging circuit in multiple series.
The Contact makers, 1. 2. 11 and 7, 8 when operated provide for including the
whole of the reservoirs or magazines, 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the discharging circuit in 1
serios and the contact makers 12 and 13 when operated provide for including such
reservoirs or magazines in the discharging circuit in multiple series.
The Contact makers 14 and 15 when the circuit Controller N° 2 is in its normal
position provide for completing the circuit direct from the stationary source or
supply b along the line to the motors 3 with or without the employment of
induction or condensing devices between such stationary source or supply and
auch motore

page_text: batteries or reservoirs may pass to the induction or condensing devices when the
current flows to the motors.
The Contact makers 3 and 4 when operated cut out the induction or condensing
devices from the discharging circuit and complete the discharging circuit from the
batteries to the motors.
The Contact makers 5 and 6 when operated provide for including one portion or
part of the induction or condensing devices in the discharging circuit from the
batteries or reservoirs in multiple series and the contact makers 7 and 8 when
operated at the same time as the contact makers 5 and 6 provide for including both
Bets of induction or condensing devices in the discharging circuit from such batteries
or reservoirs in multiple series.
The Contact makers 9. 10 and 11 when operated provide for including one
portion or part of the induction or condensing devices in the discharging circuit
from the batteries or reservoirs in series and the contact makers 9. 10. 12. 13.
and 14 when operated together provido for including both sets of induction or
condencing devices in the discharging circuit from such batteries or reservoirs in
series.
The Contact maker 15 when operated either at the same time as the contact
makers 5 and 6 or 9, 10 and 11 provides for interrupting the circuit to the primary
coil or the element or elements of the induction or condensing devices whoso
This Circuit controller is designed to provide for charging a series of reservoirs
or magazines upon one or more vehicles or upon each vehicle of the train by
including the same in the circuit from a machine or machines arranged upon such
vehicle or vehicles and designed when desired to act as a generator or generators.
The said circuit controller morcover provides for controlling the discharging circuit
from one or more of such reservoirs or magazines to the translating devices upon a
vehicle or vehicles such as electric lamps for instance but I prefer to employ
independent circuits for this last named purpose.
When the contact makers 1 and 2 are operated they provide closing the circuit
from one or more of the reservoirs or magazines upon the engine to the regulating
device which provides for controlling the passage of the current from the generator
or generators on the vehicle or vehicles to the magazines or reserviors wherein the

page_text: energy developed by such generator or generators is designed to be stored and the
elements of the motors which are converted into generators and included in
discharging circuit of some magazine
In the Stationary portion of the circuit or in the electrical equipment of the
engines, vehiclo train elevators Figure vessels Figure or the like or in such
parts of the circuit I employ on one or both sides of the Circuit Controllers.—(1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6 or other suitable circuit Controller) the pressure regulators-42-43 or 5-
or both, and also the - automatic cut offs-
20=and J in charging
circuit to the magazines C as well as the other devices-as will be understood by
reference to letters and figures indicating their employment for purposes described.
In the olectrical equipment engines or trains elevators or the like
I provide for closing the circuit of a machine or machines upon the axle or axles
or connected therewith by link or other gearing by means as at 28 and as herein
described for completing the. circuit of a machine or machines upon or connected
with one or more axles of one or more vehicles throughout the train or one or more
motors or sections of same in the equipment of same or in the equipment of
elevators or the like and connecting the machine or machines with the clements of
the batteries c for storing or accumulating power electrically and I provide devices
or means as at 29 for maintaining the direction of the current to the batteries c
always constant irrespective of the direction of movement of the vehicle and I
employ devices or means as at 20 for preventing any backward flow of the current
to the generator or generators and devices or means as at 32. 33. 34 j for cutting
the magazines c out of the circuit when some predetermined storage of energy is
accomplished The device at 32 is shewn as an electric gas magazino having
decomposing and recomposing chambers elements or parts and being placed upon a
loop from the charging circuit some fraction of the current is utilized for effecting
an accumulation of gas in the holder and the decomposing chamber is connected in
the discharging circuits together with the magazines c thereby providing for tho
parts working in unison and for the pressure of the gas in the holders operating
upon the device ; to break the charging circuit when some predetermined
accumulation is reached. It will be understood that as many of the machines may
be thrown into the charging circuit with the batteries as may be desired for
arresting or impeding the motion of the train.
I have shewn the condensers or induction devices c adapted to be included in
the motor circuits and the circuit from the source of supply either upon the vehicles
or the stationary portion or both through the medium of the commutating device d
operated by the device d'. I have shewn means at 5* for automatically preventing
the passage of the current to the devices c or to the electro magnetic device d'
excepting when the discharging circuit of the induction or condensing devices is
uninterrupted and in accordance with the resistance in the discharging circuit.
I accomplish this by the employment of the device 5* connected in a circuit
between the charging and discharging circuit and in such loop I include the
device d' and 5* so that immediately the current passes through this loop the
device d' is thrown into operation and the circuit to the condensers or induction
devices c is closed through the device 5* which is adapted to provide for varying
and regulating the conductivity of the circuit to the condensors or induction devices
in accordance with the variation of resistance in the discharging circuit therefrom
or in accordance with the variation in the speed of the shaft of the motor through
the medium of the governing device h.
A similar arrangement of circuits and devices are shewn in other figures of the
drawings illustrating their application to elevators and vessels the power being
supplied for electrically operating the same preferably from magazines or reserves c
at fixed points or stations the magazines c electric circuits and other devices as
described with reference-figures G * G * * * and 6
Figures 16. 17 and 18 represent in perspective in eud view partly in section and
in transverse section a vehicle provided with the armatures rings or discs m secured
to the axle and adapted to operate in combination with pole pieces which fit into

page_text: or between the said armatures rings or discs and are supported by the framing of
the vehicle so as to hold the parts in their proper relationship to each other as
described with reference to other Figures of the 'drawings and to provide for the
formation of the poles by the current passing through the helix or helices of the
magnet or magnets independently or collectively in series or otherwise dependent
upon the arrangement of the connections of the elements of the machine which
are regulated by the devices d. The magnets may be supported upon or formed
with or by semicircular or other suitably shaped magnetic cores the arms or blades
of which extend between the arms or discs or in close proximity to the elements.
of the armature on opposite sides of the axis of rotation Like letters indicate like
parts in the various Figures of the drawings Figures 15 to 19 representing in
section various modifications in the construction of such machines as previously
herein described. It will be understood that I can employ pole pieces of opposite
denominations arranged so as to be adapted to operate on both side or end faces of
the armature and on opposite sides of the axis of rotation without cutting away
the polo pieces or providing for leaving a space opposite to the poles -In such a
case the coils or helices of the armature are carried to a commutator so as to
provide for working in the circuit as is usual or I may employ compound sets of
armature plates such as illustrated in Figure 14 so as to operate off both surfaces
with the connections made so as in a similar manner to provide for making the poles
operate upon the elements m' of such compound armature independently or
collectively or consecutively as the poles n' on the forward end of the engine aro
shewn as so arranged as to provide for utilizing such compound armature or for
working on both surfaces with poles or arms of poles of like denomination in
proximity to and on both sides of each disc or compound armature and on both
sides of the axis of rotation
Figures 19 to 28 represent various modifications in the construction and
arrangements of the elements of the reservoirs or magazines herein before
described
In Figures 29 to 35 I have shewn in front view plan vertical soction and in
various detail views the contact makes f for use in combining and interlocking the
electric circuits at railway stations and repeating device f¹ which may be also
combined electrically or both electrically and mechanically and the circuit making
devices f so as to provide for securing the proper relative working of the circuits and
the devices adapted to operate along the line and be controlled from such circuits.
These circuit making devices f may be employed as block signalling instruments
and the series of stations may be electrically combined as is usual to prevent any
conflict in the working of the signals or the operation of the trains over any
section of the line and the light and fog signalling controlling circuits or the light
and fog signalling circuits may be combined with and operated by the devices fat
a series of stations and such circuits may be controlled by the testing and bolting
circuits for the switches or signals or any combination of them.
:
In combination with this interlocking mechanism and the devices adapted to
operate in conjunction therewith such as signals, crossings, crossing lines, fog and
light signals, testing and bolting mechanism and other apparatus described I
have shewn in Figure 30* the conserving devices c and other devices in the circuits
thereof adapted to operate as described with reference to Figures 6, 6* and other
figures of the drawings-The discharging Circuits extending from the conserving
devices c to the various elective appliances along the line may be completed through
the controlling devices for I may employ independent controlling circuits e adapted
to be completed or interrupted through the medium of the said devices and the
electrically operative devices e as described with reference to other figures of the
drawings. The magazines c and devices in conjunction thorewith may be arranged
at the series of stations along the line and be supplied from one or more of the
main circuits a or derived circuits band may be employed for any or all of the
purposes set forth.
In Figures 1, 1*, 1**, 1*** and 1*** I havo shewn switches crossings and

page_text: signals combined with electrical appliances adapted to be operated in the discharging
circuits from the magazines c the devices in combination therewith being indicated
by letters and figures of reference herein referred to. The means of operating and
controlling the movable parts and devices along tho lino aro fully described in the
Specifications of my former Letters Patent and more especially in Specification
N° 4034 in the year of our Lord 1882.
Figures 1 is a diagrammatic view representing means for operating a railway
switch electrically and also means for regulating the potential of the current passing
to the stationary store c of electricity preferably arranged in proximity to the
translating device at A connected with the rod or bar A¹ for operating the switch
or the movable parts of a crossing line or of a cross-over road or the like (as
illustrated in Figure) 1* of the drawings. By reference to this Figure of the
drawings it will be seen that I take from the charging circuit a or b for charging
the stationary storage apparatus or store ca branch which extends to the device 42.
43. 44 as described. The current passes from the said device 42. 43. 44 to the
variable resistance 5 or e¹ which is shewn as adapted to be controlled through the
medium of a controlling circuit e This variable resistance is shewn as consisting
of a coil which is of high resistance this coil being combined with contact plates
over which the contact maker combined with the core 17 of the solenoid 11 is
adapted to travel so as to regulate the resistance in the charging circuit to the
battery or batteries o in accordance with tho will of the signalman or operator at
the Cabin or other place. It will be evident however that any other forms of
variable resistances such as are herein described may be used in place of that
shown. The current from this variable resistance passes to the storage battery or
series of storage batteries at c designed to act as a reserve of electric energy at or
near the translating device A for operating through the connecting rod or otherwise
the switch or movable parts of a crossing line. At 29 I have shown a current
reverser which is controlled through a controlling circuite that may extend from
the Signalmans cabin or elsewhero. This current reverser provides for controlling
the passage of the current to one or the other of the compound electro magnetic
devices A according to the direction in which it is desired to move the switch or
the movable parts of a crossing line. The said current reverser is shewn as
consisting of a rocking armature (preferably a permanent magnet) arranged
between two coils or electric magnets the shaft or pivot of the said armature being
provided with plungers which provide for the passage of the current through one
or the other of the aforesaid compound solenoids according to the direction in
which the current is sent through the aforesaid controlling circuit extending from
the cabin or elsewhere as more fully described in the Specifications of former
Letters Patent herein referred to.
In Figure 1*I have shown electro magnetic devices in connection with a
Railway signal. The variable resistance 5 or c' is similar to those described with
reference to other Figures of the drawings
The automatic cut offs pressure regulators circuit controllers and reversers
electric circuits and other parts or devices are indicated by letters and figures of
reference by reference to the description of which herein given the working of the
parts will be understood.
In figure 6** I have shewn an elevator adapted to be worked electrically and
equipped with an electric motor 3 of which is of similar construction to those
described as applied to the vehicles and in which is employed a series of disc
armatures adapted to operate in conjunction with the inductive poles of inagnets
at the sides thereof. The shaft of the motor may be combined with stationary
racks through the medium of worm gearing and suitable gear wheels at E so that
dependent upon the direction of rotation of the motor the carriage or elevator
will be raised or lowered the direction of the current through the motor being
controlled by the compound circuit controller and reverser 29 which is adapted to
operate as a variable resistance as shewn at F for instance and in various figures
of the drawings or the ordinary form of resistance and compound circuits and circuit

page_text: controller and reverser may be employed. I have shewn at h a speed regulator or
governor adapted to provide for operating in the Circuit to the notor in such a
manner as to prevent any excessive speed of such motor in either direction.
Instead of attaching the motor directly to the carriage or elevator it may be a
5 fixture and the latter be connected therewith by a cable passing over a pulley or
drum secured above the said carriage and over a drum combined with the motor.
I have shewn in the circuit to the motor the variable resistance or pressure
regulator 5 and also the device 42. 43. 44 for preventing any excess of prossuro
without breaking the circuit of supply between the magazines cand the motor 3.
The magazine c is shown as adapted to be supplied from a derived circuit in which
various devices are adapted to operate as described with referenco to Figure G.
In figure 6*** I have also shewn an elevator equipped with electrical appliances
and with a magazine c supported by and integral with the body of the elevator.
This magazine may be supplied from the main circuit or from other magazines c
or the main reserve a¹. The said magazine c circuit controller and reverser 29
commutator & automatic cut off 20 and j 32. 33. 34. 35 speed regulator h
regulating devices 5, 42, 43, 44 are shewn as forming part of the equipment of the
elovator. I have shewn condensers or induction devices c and controlling and other
devices similar to those described with reference to Figure 15 and other figures
of the drawings which may be applied in the electrical equipment of the
elevators as will be understood from the reference letters and Figures and
description herein
In Figures 6*** and 6**** I have shewn a vessel adapted to be worked
electrically tho said vessel being equipped with an electric motor 3 similar in
construction to those herein described as applied to the vehicles and elevations.
The propeller shaft is shewn connected with the motor through the medium of
gearing but the said motor may be applied directly to the said propeller shaft. The
various devices in the equipment of the vessel will be understood from the
reference letters and figures and the description herein given with reference to the
elevators and the electric engines for the propulsion of vehicles over lines of
railway. The magazines c in the equipment of the vessel are adapted to be
supplied from the magazines c at some fixed point or source of power. Such
magazines c and the various devices at the fixed point are adapted to operate in a
similar manner to the correspondingly lettered and numbered parts described with
reference to Figuro 6 and other Figures of the drawings, G represents a hand
controlling device in the fixed portion of the circuit leading to the magazine c
upon the vessel.
In figure 6****** I have shown a system of conductors b partially insulated
for operating in conjunction with the connections forming part of the electrical
equipments of the engines or vehicles as illustrated in Figures 1. 2. 3. 4 6, 9. 15
and other Figures of the drawings. These Conductors 6 are shewn as supplied
from the magazines c The various devices in the circuits thereof and in connection
therewith being indicated by reference letters and figures which together with the
description herein given will elucidate the operation of the said devices.
In figure 7 I have shewn the electric reservoirs c provided with a receiver H
adapted to permit the liquid to pass from the reservoirs c containing the electrodes
when they are not in operation either by the current passing through the main
charging circuit or the discharging circuit. The electro magnetic devices 11
combined with the plungers H¹ are included in the charging circuit and also in the
discharging circuit. It follows therefore that when the current is passing in the
charging circuit the devices 11 will be energized and will operate upon the
armatures carrying the pistons H¹ which are forced downward and cause the liquid
to rise until the magazines c are fully charged and cut out of the circuit by the
device; and in a similar manner the pistons are operated upon by the magnets
included in the discharging circuit and cause the liquid to rise in the reservoirs in
exact proportion to the variation of resistance or consumption of energy in such
circuit. The Receiver H should extend below the reservoirs and to an equal'

page_text: height therewith and the plungers or pistons H¹ should operate as displacers for
the liquid instead of as shewn operating under pressure
Figure 1**** représents a crossover road adapted to be operated electrically and
figure 1***** represents an enlarged view of a switch adapted to be operated by
an electric motor 3 through the medium of screw or worm gearing various devices
in connection therewith being indicated by letters and figures of reference so as
to be adapted to operate as will be understood from the description herein.
Figure 43 is a face view and figures 44 and 45 sections on planes at right angles
to each other of an apparatus adapted to be operated by hand for controlling the
passage of an electrical current in an electrical circuit in one direction or so as to
provide for the reversal of the current in an electrical circuit and for varying the
amount of current passing into the discharging circuit, according to the will of the
operator. The apparatus is shewn as provided with a manipulating handle a¹⁰ which
by being turned from its normal position in one direction provides for the passage
of the current in the circuit therefrom in one direction and on being turned in the
opposite direction provides for the passage of the current in the circuit therefrom
in the opposite direction, In order to effect this I have shewn the said handle a¹0
as fixed upon a shaft 9 carrying discs 60 insulated from each other and provided
with slots wherein the contact makers 7 engage-These contact makers arc
adapted to complete the circuit in which they are employed through the contact
plates or picces e10 f10 and by forming the aforesaid contact makers 7 conical or
pointed in form as shewn I am enabled to vary the conductivity between the said
contact makers and the parts e10 f10 and thus regulate the amount of current
passing into the circuit extending therefrom-In order to enable the manipulator.
to determine the amount of current passing into the circuit from the said apparatus
I provide a dial as at g1 and in order to ensure the automatic return of the
handle a to its normal position when released by the operator. 1 employ springs
as shewn at 10 which are shewn as adapted to operate upon an arm to fixed upon
the Shaft 9 of the said handle a¹-In some cases I employ a weight for ensuring:
the return of the said handle to its normal position.
Figures 46, 47 and 48 are similar views to Figures 43. 44 and 45 representing a
modified construction of circuit maker wherein the contact makers 7 are adapted.
when the handle a10 is manipulated to be brought in contact with terminals
communicating with various sections of the regulating portion of the circuit in
such a manner that the greater the distance the said handle a¹0 is moved in either
direction from its normal position the less resistance will be included in the
outgoing circuit.
Figure 49 is a sectional view shewing the contact makers 7 adapted to bo
operated so as to provide for the reversal of the current in the circuit extending
from the apparatus by means of a toothed wheel which engages with racks upon
the said contact makers co dlo
Figures 50 and 51 are similar views to Figures 47 and 48 of an apparatus
wherein the contact makers 7 are adapted to operate in conjunction with
resistances 8 which may consist of thin plates or layers of carbon or other material
which will afford a high resistance to the passage of the current these thin plates
or layers being insulated from each other by the interposition between thein of
any suitable nonconducting material such as asbestos for instance-The various
pairs of plates on the surface over which the contact makers 7 travel are connected
by metallic or conducting strips so that as one or the other of the contact makers
is depressed by the manipulation of the handle ao so will the resistance in the
circuit emanating from the apparatus be decreased and vice versa.
Figure 52 is an elevation partly in section and figure 53 a horizontal section of
an automatic variable regulator varying the resistance in the circuit to the
translating devices in the discharging circuit according to the work being done or
the amount of energy utilized in such discharging circuit. This device is shewn
as consisting of a solenoid 11 whose core 17 is connected through the medium of a
flexible connection passing around a pulley as shewn with a weight o

page_text: conducting material-This weight is adapted to travel over the contact pieces
between the various thin sheets or layers 8 which is shewn as similar in
construction to the parts in in Figures 50 and 51 It will be evident however that
such weight may be combined with assistance coils such as are shewn in Figures 47
and 48 By the employment of this device I am enabled to vary the resistance in
the discharging or working circuit in accordance with the work being done in
such discharging circuit in other words as the number of translating devices
in such discharging circuit is increased the current passing through the loop
circuit in which the solenoid 11 is included draws down the core 17 of the said
solenoid and thereby raise the weight 710 so as to decrease the resistance
Figure 54 is an elevation partly in section and Figure 55 a plan of a combined
circuit reverser and automatic variable resistance for varying the resistance in the
discharging or working circuit or in accordance with the consumption of energy in
such circuit.
Figure 56 is a horizontal section showing the relative positions of the contact
making pieces. The circuit makers c d adapted to be operated by hand through
a toothed wheel as shown and in a manner similar to that hereinbefore described
with reference to other figures of the drawings corovide for completing the circuit
from the main charging circuit or from a storage device or devices to the
translating device or devices so that the current may be caused to flow in either
direction in the discharging or translating circuit and the pointed contact makers 7
combined with the cores 17 of the solenoids 11 provide for varying the resistance
in such discharging or translating circuit in accordance with the amount of energy
being consumed in the same at any given time.
Figure 57 is a sectional elevation of an automatic pressure regulator wherein
the core 17 of the solenoid 11 is combined with a dash-pot or cushioning chamber C
which prevents the too sudden movement of the core of the said solenoid when the
latter is energized by the passage therethrough of an electric current.
In Figures 1 1b 1 I have shewn devices similar to those described with
reference to Figure 6 in N° 2147 of 18S3 adapted to operate in conjunction with
electric circuits various devices and appliances converting and developing plant such
as are described in the specification of my former Letters Patent N° 24 of 1883.
The letters and figures of reference indicate the various appliances and their
operations as described herein and in the specification of the said former Letters
Patent No 24.
Figure 14 shews a series of ring or disc armatures m adapted to operate in
conjunction with a series of ring magnets n upon which the inductive poles are
formed through the medium of the helices n¹. The inductive magnetic poles are
arranged and adapted to operate upon the end surfaces and upon opposite sides of
the series of the disc or ring armatures m and upon the portion of the armature
between the axis and the periphery and upon opposite sides of the axis of rotation.
The pole pieces are shown as arranged at an angle to the line of the axis of the
motor and are adapted to be secured in position through the medium of lugs or
projections. The circuit closers or rings are mounted upon the axle being insulated
therefrom. To these circuit closers or rings the helices of the armatures m are
adapted to be connected as herein more fully described
The improvements herein described or any portion or combination of them are
intended to be used in combination with or independently of the improvements
set forth in the specifications of my following Letters Patent namely N° 5229-
30th November 1881. N° 5233-30th November 1881. N° 5742 31 December
1881. No 85 6th January 1882 No 224. 16th January 1882. N° 700-13th February
1884 [sic] No 766. 16th February 1882. No 856. 22 February 1882, No 1174
10th March 1882. No 1556. 30th March 1882, No 2558. 30th May 1882 N° 4034
22nd August 1882, No 24 1st January 1883, and No 2147. 27th April 1883.
Having thus fully described my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same I wish it understood that I claim.
First. An electric circuit-loop or derived circuit from the main circuit through'

page_text: which a current of high tension is transmitted having an automatic pressure
regulator or proper means to prevent an excess of current passing into such circuit
without breaking the circuit of supply means to reduce or regulate the tension or
force of the current passing beyond a given point in such circuit with or without
devices or means to provide for the conservation of energy in such circuit by the
employment of simple or compound electro chemical batteries provided switching
or commutating devices for consecutively alternatively or intermittently charging
the same or for charging one part while one or more other parts are or may be
discharging into a working or translating circuit and with or without devices or
means in such circuit for disconnecting such simple or compound magazines from the
discharging circuit automatically or at the will of an operator or by time mechanism
upon some predetermined storage of power and with or without having one or
more electric gas batteries adapted to provide for the conservation of power by the
evolution of gas clectrically and for the developement of an electric current in a
discharging or working circuit and adapted to be automatically cut out of the
charging circuit when some predetermined amount of energy is stored and with
or without having one or more compound condensors or induction devices adapted
to be charged and discharged through the medium of commutating or switching
devices and with or without electrical connections from the trauslating or working
circuit and a regulating device in the charging circuit to the condensors for
automatically regulating or varying the conductivity of such portion of the circuit
in accordance with the variation of resistance or variation in the consumption of
energy in the discharging circuit or circuits of the condensing or induction devices
or for cutting the condensing or induction devices out of the charging circuit
automatically or by hand or both when the working resistances motors lamps
heaters or other devices adapted to be operated in such circuit are not in operation
or when there is not a closed discharging or working circuit from the condensors or
induction devices through the medium of the independent controlling devices for
placing one or more or any number of independent working resistances in or out of
the circuit and with or without having the condensors or induction devices or a
combination of thom combined with or adapted to operate in conjunction with
electro chemical or electric gas magazines in the charging or discharging_circuits
thereof in or under any of the combinations described substantially as set forth.
Second. An apparatus or system of electrical distribution in which the current is
transmitted with higher tension through the main circuit than in the discharging
or working circuits the employment of automatic pressure regulator between the
translating device and the main circuit of supply so as to prevent an excess of
current passing into the derived circuit from the main and one or more automatic
current or pressure regulator in the derived circuit adapted to provide for reducing
the force or regulating and varying the current passing into a derived circuit
(having a series or groups of translating devices adapted to operate therein) in
accordance with the variations of resistance or variation of consumption of energy
in such circuit with or without the employment of means in the derived circuit or
a loop therefrom for measuring and recording the current or a fractional part of the
current passing through the circuit and the employment of independent aud
manually operative controlling devices for independently operative translative
devices in such circumstances substantially as set forth.
•
Third. An apparatus or system of electrical distribution in which the following
elements are employed one or more circuits partially insulated in which the tension
of the current is reduced below the force of the current flowing from circuit of
supply or from the source as set forth in the seventh claim and an independent
controlling circuit leading from some central point or station by which one or more
electro magnetic or electric translating devices is or are adapted to be operated and
controlled by the current sent through the controlling circuit so as to operate upon
a circuit closer or regulating device operative in the circuit to the partially
insulated portion of the circuit in such a manner as to provide for interrupting the
current flowing to one or more sectious of the partially insulated portions of the

page_text: circuit at the will of an operator at a distant point or station or a signalman's cabin
through the medium of a circuit maker under his control with or without such
independent controlling circuit or circuit maker therefore being interlocked
mechanically or electrically or both with other control and devices of circuits or
supply circuits or both for the operation of moveable mechanism switches crossings
signalling boating testing or lighting or devices electrically operative for the
operation of a Railway line or lines and with or without being combined in or with
a general system of electrical distribution in which electric translating devices are
adapted to operate in parallel circuit multiple series or a combination of such
circuits for lighting or heating or motive power or traction or a combination thereof
substantially as set forth.
Fourth. An electric circuit in which is employed an electric motor whose shaft is
provided with or acts upon a speed regulator or governor a moveable part of which
is adapted to divide for varying the current passing through the motor by varying
the extent of the surface of the part in contact which is adapted to provide for the
passage of the current with or without the employment of a conducting liquid say
Mercury in a chamber to form a portion of the circuit and provide for varying the
circuits in contact therewith with or without the employment of a protecting liquid
of higher resistance as a covering for the mercury or with or without the employment
of an insulating liquid or liquid of higher resistance between the surfaces of the
metallic parts adapted to close the circuit and with or without the employment of
a spiral or coil or a series of points or individual contacts pointed or otherwise
adapted to form part of the circuit and with or without the employment of devices
or means in the circuit (as a derived circuit) to measure and record the energy
substantially as set forth.
Fifth. An electrical system of distribution or electric circuit for supplying
electricity for the operation of Vehicles or trains or other purposes in which is
employed one or more partially insulated or exposed rails or conductors by which a
current is conveyed to one or more connections forming part of the electrical
equipment engine wagon vehicle or train or other moveable devices or a series of
them with an automatic current transformer or regulator adapted to operate upon
or in the portion of the circuit between the source of supply and the commencement
or end of the partially insulated circuit or in the insulated part of the circuit or
one or more derived circuits connected therewith in such a manner as to reduce and
regulate the tension of the current flowing through the partially insulated section
of the circuit below that of the main circuit in accordance with the variation of
resistance of consumption of energy in the working portion of the circuit with or
without the employment of electric magnizes induction or condensing devices of
simple or compound construction for the combination of such devices adapted
to operate as current regulators or transformers or to hold a reserve between the
source and the partially insulated rail or conductor by which an electric current is
adapted to flow to one or more working resistances forming part of the electrical
equipment of an electric engine tram car or train elevator or for like purposes with
or without the employment of devices or means combined in the electrical equipment
of the moveable device so as to provide for storing energy as the current passes
through one or more of such conserving devices adapted to operate as working
resistances in the electrical circuit of the wagon vehicle train elevator or the like
which are adapted to operate in or with a stationary system of electric circuits
substantially as setforth
Sixth The construction of a dynamo or magneto electric or electro dynamic
machine in which a series of rings or discs are employed and caused to revolve and
operate under the influence of the poles at one or more magnets formed arranged
or cut away in such a manner that the inductive poles of opposite denomination
operate upon opposite sides of the discs or rings and upon opposite sides of the axis
of rotation between the periphery and the axis of the machine the discs or rings or
the equivalent thereof built up or formed in sections or otherwise being composed
of magnetic or non magnetic material carrying the coil or coils of an insulated

page_text: 'conductor wound formed or secured upon or with the same and having its greatest
length of the coil radially in the plane of the discs or rings with or without the
employment of compound or multiple of circuits or branches adapted to provide for
varying the internal resistance of the circuit of the armature and with or without
the employment of a multiple of conductors branches or short circuits or
independent circuits for varying the internal resistance of helixes of the field
magnet or magnets through the medium of proper contacts (preferably pointed
and terminating so as to be adapted to be placed in electrical circuit) through the
medium of electrical connections and a switching or commutating device with or
without the employment of mercury covered with glycerine or other protecting
liquid and with or without the medium of a movable or sliding contact operating
in conjunction with any number of individuals terminals of the circuit within a
chamber containing a liquid of higher resistance than the moeting parts of the
inetallic portions of the circuit substantially as setforth.
Seventh-A dynamo electric or electro dynamic machine having one or more
magnets or sectional blades or cores of magnets or individual magnets provided
with a compound set of individual helixes insulated from each other or one or more
helixes of continuous length with a compound set of terminals one or more
individual sets or branches of which are connected with an extend from the same
so as to be adapted to provide for varying the length of the helix or for short
circuiting the same from the external circuit or the helix or helixes of one or more
armatures or both the helixes of the armature or armatures and field magnet or
magnets through the medium of a portion of the circuit terminals or connections
formed through pointed conical wedge shaped pyramidical or equivalent parts of
thin films of movable or fixed of conducting material which is adapted to be operated
upon by a movable part so as to constitute a variable resistance in each individual
circuit from an ineffective minimum to the maximum of efficiency substantially as
Betforth
Eighth The construction or use of compound electro chemical batteries or
accumulators or one or more electro chemical batteries or accumulators compounded
through the medium of a commutating device automatically or otherwise operative
with the elements thereof or part of them connected in continuous length or tension
series circuit such element or elements being provided with another set of individual
terminals or branches adapted to short circuit the continuous length or tension
series circuit so as to provide for operating under reverse conditions in the charging
and discharging circuits with or without devices or means in the external circuit
automatically or otherwise operative to vary the quantity or force of the current
discharged from such elements by reducing or increasing the number of the continuous
lengths or tension series elements or parts thereof or part of them in a multiple or
prallel or series circuit through the medium of a grouping box or commutating
or circuit making device automatically or otherwise operative substantially as
setforth
Ninth In the electrical equipment of an Engine Vehicle or Train for the
employment of the following elements one or more dynamo or magneto electric or
electro magneto or electro-dynamic machines connected or combined directly or
indirectly with one or more axles of an Engine Vehicle or train so as to be actuated
by the movement thereof in either direction one or more automatic devices or
commutators electrically or automatically operative or in lieu thereof or in
conjunction therewith one or more independent controlling devices and controlling
circuits under the control of one or more of the operators or attendants of the
Vehicle or train for completing the circuit between the magazine and the generator
or for partly or entirely utilizing the machines to impede the motion of the train
and with or without electrical connections extending to a circuit controlling device
and reverser between a source or reserve of electric power upon the Vehicle or
train or between a source or in or connected with a stationary part of an electric
circuit as a producing or reserve source or a combination of them and one or more
électrical machines adapted to operate in such circuit or circuits connected or

page_text: combined with an axle or axles of the wheels so as to provide for utilizing such
Machine or Machines as electric motors for propelling the Engine Vehicle or Train
in either direction or as generators for storing energy upon the train for lighting
heating or motive power or brake purposes thereon through the medium of electrical
connections and circuit making devices which provide for converting any number
of motors into generators and placing it or them in electrical communication with
the elements of one or more electro chemical or gas magazines or groups of
Magazines compounded or not upon the Engine or one or more vehicles of a train
adapted to operate in the charging circuit from the generator or generators with or
without the same time discharging from some other part or parts into the
translating or working circuits in which divers means are employed for the
translation of the current for lighting and heating brake power or other purposes
upon the Engine Vehicle or Train substantially, as setforth
Tenth-The method of operating Engines vehicles or trains by electrical power
by the employment of one or more electric motors provided with a series of rings
discs or armatures projecting from the supporting hub or axis of the driving
wheels or the axis of the motor combined or adapted to be combined or operate
in conjunction with the axles of the wheels and with a series of arms or extensions
constituting the inductive magnetic poles (of one or more magnets) arranged and
adapted to operate upon the end surfaces and upon opposite sides of a series of
discs rings or armatures and upon the portion of the armature between the axis
and the periphery and upon opposite sides of the axis of rotation substantially as
Betforth
Eleventh-The construction or use of an electric Engine Vehicle Tramcar or
Train adapted to be propelled by electric power equipped with one or more electric
motors having the inductive magnetic poles of the motor or motors so formed or
arranged as to be adapted to operate upon the end surfaces and between the axis
and periphery and upon both the opposite sides of a series of discs sections or rings
of the armature or armatures secured upon and projecting vertically from an axle
and having the magnet or magnets formed or adapted for such result and secured
to the framing resting upon springs supported by the axles of the wheels of the
Vehicles so as to provide for compensating for vertical movement or irregular pressure
and equipped with electrical circuits to the motor having a circuit controller or
reverser and variable resistance substantially as setforth.
Twelfth An electric engine vorticle tramcar or train equipped with electrical
connections circuit controlling device or devices and one or more electric motors
having series of discs or rings or projecting arms mounted and secured upon one or
more axles of the wheels or upon one or more axles independent of the wheels but
connected or combined therewith by link or other gearing-The magnet or magnets
of one or more of the motors being constructed arranged and supported by suitable
framing so as to be maintained in proper rotationship to present inductive poles of
opposite denomination of the same or independent magnets to the end faces or
opposite sides and towards the periphery of two or more or each disc or series of
them constituting the armature or armatures with or without the arms blades or
poles of the same independent magnets of opposite polarity being arranged and
adapted to operate upon both side surfaces of the disc or rings of the armature or
series of armatures on opposite sides of the axis of rotation substantially as set
forth.
Thirteenth In the equipment of an Electric engine tramcar vehicle or tram
one or more dynamo electric machines or electric motors with field magnets
secured to the framing supported by the wheels with or without the medium of
springs and having their cores made or formed of sectional plates or rings with
their greatest width in a line vertical to or crossing the horizontal axle line of the
armature, such plates or rings constituting the cores of one or more magnets having
poles arms or projections of segmental or other form secured to or formed upon the
same adapted to operate upon the side surfaces of a series of disc or ring armatures
mounted upon one or more axles or connected to the axle or axles of the wheels by

page_text: link or other gearing or secured directly upon one or more axles of the wheels
substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth An Electric motor having connected or combined with its shaft
means for indicating the speed of the shaft and means for regulating and varying
the current passing into the circuit of the motor by varying the extent of surface
in contact in the regulating portion of the circuit through the medium of a movable
piece or part connected with or operated by the governor or speed indicator operated
by or from the shaft of the motor with or without the employment of mercury
covered or not with a protecting insulating material contained in a chamber and
adapted to form the regulating portion of the circuit to the motor and a manually
operative variable resistance either as a reverser or otherwise in the circuit of
the motor substantially as set forth.
Fifteenth In combination with an electrical machine for the devolpment of
an electric current adapted to operate upon or be operated by the axles of a vehicle
or by an axle or axles adapted to have its or their movement reversed of means
adapted to operate electrically and automatically in the external circuit of the
machine for maintaining a constant direction of the current in the portion of the
circuit in which one two or more clectric chemical or electrical gas magazines are
adapted to operate for the conservation or the accumulation of the energy
transmitted through such circuit with or without the employment of an
independent controlling device or circuit under the charge of an attentant for
interrupting the circuit manually or both manually and electrically and with
switching devices automatically operative in the circuit between the developing
source and the elements for storing the energy so as to prevent the backward flow
of the current from such clements through the circuit to the charging source or
devices or means as with an electrical Gas magazine for making the elements in tho
charging circuit for the storage of the energy absolutely and at all times
independent of the elements adapted to develope a current or the light heat brake
or other electric translating circuit and devices or means adapted to provide
for breaking the charging or developing circuit to the magazine when some
predetermined amount of energy is stored substantially as set forth.
Sixteenth-An electric motor engine or machine or an electric circuit in which
the following elements are employed, one or more magnets so formed arranged or
cut away and secured in position that the inductive holes thereof are adapted to
operate on opposite sides of the axis of rotation and in conjunction with opposite
side surfaces of one or more discs or rings of a rotating armature or armatures
carrying one or more conductors or coils connected in continuous length or in
multiple through the medium of proper contacts which provide a closed circuit or
circuits with the external circuit or circuits terminating at the rings upon the axle
of the armature with the helices of the field magnet or magnets adapted to provide
for energizing same connected in series or multiple in a continuous length with the
helix or helices or conductor or conductors of the discs or rings in the same circuit
or connected in series or multiple in the same circuit or in individual branches or
in any number of circuits and means in the circuit for placing the elements of the
motor in communication with a source of supply with or without a compound
. circuit maker and circuits as means for reversing the current through elements of
the motor collectively or consecutively or in multiple or in series in the same or
individual branches or circuits and with or without the employment of a regulator
or governor electrically or mechanically operative dependent upon the speed of the
shaft of the motor so as to provide for varying the resistance in the circuit to the
elements of the motor or for cutting out or putting in parts of the elements thereof
in accordance with the speed of the shaft or work being done by the motor through
the medium of a single moving part or contact pieces or an ordinary resistance or
one or more multiple circnits provided with V shaped conical pointed pyramidical
spiral or equivalent formed part or parts of the circuit stationary or movable à
adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit through the medium
of the connection operated by the speed governor with or without the employment

page_text: of mercury or a conducting liquid with or without such conducting liquid being
covered with a projecting liquid of greater electrical resistance or with or without
the employment of a liquid of greater resistance or of insulating character adapted
to operate on the circuit substantially as set forth
Seventeenth-The construction or use of compound electrical condensers or
induction. devices or one or more condensers or compounded induction devices
provided with a compound set of connections or terminals one or more sets of
which are connected with one or more sets of the elements of the condensers or
induction devices in continuous lengths or tension series and with one or more set
of individual terminals or branches connected with the same elements so as to
provide for short circuiting the continuous length or lengths of the tension series
element elements or circuit or reducing the internal resistance of the element or
elements or for varying the internal resistance through the medium of commutating
or switching devices automatically or otherwise operative with or without devices
or means in the external circuit for further varying or modifying the internal
resistance of such devices through the medium of a centralized systein of contacts
and switching or commutating devices or a grouping box or a combination of them
adapted to operate in such a manner as to provide for the utilization of such
condensing or induction device or devices as current regulators or transmitters
suited to operate in conjunction with a developing or reserve source or both of
electric power for transmitting the current through the mains or external circuit
directly or indirectly to the translating circuits or for transforming or regulating the
force of the current in derived or other circuits for lighting heating motive power
or other purposes substantially as set forth.
Eighteenth-The construction or use of a compound element for use in accu-
mulators or secondary batteries in which the respective electrodes are composed or
formed of a series of sheets or layers of lamina or metal perforated or not with or
without being first provided with a non self supporting sheet or film of metallic oxides
or material deposited mechanically electrically or otherwise in a porus or finely
divided state or evenly distributed layer (excepting through or in the apertures
or recesses when employed) and the respective series or lengths of such electrodes
being insulated from each other by thin sheets or covering or dividing strips of
some neutral granulated fibrous or porus material. The respective electrodes so
formed and arranged being secured with their respective terminal attachments of
simple or compound character and the lavers of the compound elements secured
by an insulating clamp or a support of insulating material at the ends or sides
with or without the terminal connections being secured or protected by such
insulation substantially as set forth
Nineteenth-The construction of a compound element for use in batteries or
accumulators the respective electrodes of which are composed built up or formed of
a series of flexible sheets or layers perforated or not of inoxidizable material one or
both of which is coated or supports a non self sustaining coating or filin layer or
deposit of metal or material constituting an Active Agent of the compound
element the respective electrodes and similar shaped parts thereof being arranged
face to face and insulated from each other with a minimum of distance between
them secured in such position by insulating material at the ends or edges an
otherwise and the respective electrodes being combined with their terminals of
simple or compound character with or without being encased or covered by or
imbedded in an insulating material adapted to protect the same or to secure the
respective parts of the electrodes in their proper and permanent relationship to
each other substantially as set forth
Twentieth-An electric magazine in which compound electrodes are employed
composed of or built up of non self supporting sheets layers or folds as herein
described as set forth in the two preceding claims such electrodes being provided
with terminals secured permanently to said electrodes part of which is subsequently
encased with insulating material which material is adapted to secure and maintain

page_text: the respective electrodes in affixed relationship to each with their surfaces mostly
or entirely in the same plane the compound element being supported in a suitable
casing or chamber with their greatest width at a right angle to a horizontal plane-
and secured in such Chamber or compartment substantially as set forth
Twenty first The construction or use of electric magazines integral with or
secured to a framing supported by the axle of a vehicle Engine or train in which
the compound elements are secured in one or more compartments formed or encased
with a resisting metal lined with insulation or lead or other protecting metal or
either of them and a cap cover or enclosing part or series of same adapted to
provide against any movement of the electrodes with or without securing the
electrodes permanently in the Chambers substantially as set forth
Twenty second. In combination with the electrodes of secondary batteries or a
battery in liquid tight chambers integral with or forming part of the equipment of
an Engine vehicle or train the employment of devices or means adapted to operate
for the cleansing of the clements or for flushing the same or agitating the liquid
without removal of the elements substantially as set forth
-
Twenty third-The construction or use of electric magazines for the storage of
electricity for operating on Railway Lines having electrodes secured firmly in
position with the casing or framing for supporting the same integral with or
socured to the framing of the vehicle with terminals from such electrodes
extending to a commutating or switching device adapted to provide for charging
such clements at fixed points or stations while stationary or running or both with
or without the elements having electrical connections adapted to provide for
varying the internal resistance through the medium of a switching or commutating
device with or without a pressure regulator in the circuit and with or without an
automatic cut off to prevent the backward flow of the current from the elements
with or without an automatic cut off to prevent overcharging substantially as set
forth
Twenty fourth-An electric engine locomotive or vehicle to be operated by an
electric current lampped with one or more electric motors constructed combined
and adapted to operate or be operated substantially as described with reference to
the drawings
Twenty fifth-An electric circuit in which is employed a compound commutating
or switching device electro magnetically or otherwise operative and one set or
compound sets of electrical connections connected with the elements of the
condensing or induction device or devices in which discharging circuit one or more
electric motors with or without a speed regulator or governor connected with the
shaft of the motor for varying the conductivity of the discharging circuit for
which the mortor is adapted to operate and an automatic regulator adapted to cut
the condensing or induction devices out of the charging circuit when the circuit of
the motor is interrupted or to vary the conductivity of the circuit to the motor in
accordance with the variation of resistance in the mortor circuit or in accordance
with the variation of the work imposed on the motor substantially as set forth
Twenty sixth-The construction or use of an automatic pressure regulator to
operate in an electric circuit to an electric lamp or lamps or other electric trans-
lating devices substantially as set forth with referenco to Figures 42, 43 and 44
or any mere modification of same substantially ns set forth
Twenty seventh-In a system of electrical circuits in which the regulating
devices 42, 43 44 and one or more independent controlling circuits e and circuit
making devices e¹ in the derived circuit bare adapted to operate and be controlled
the employment of interlocking mechanism for controlling the proper relative
working of signals or other moveable mechanism and the circuits and devices
connected therewith substantially as set forth
Twenty eighth-The method of presenting excess of pressure in the derived
or other circuits of a system of electrical distribution or in an apparatus or system
of electrical circuits for utilizing electricity for light heat motivo power traction or

page_text: other purposes the employment of a thermo regulating device with or without an
electro magnetic or combination adapted to provide for varying the resistance in
the derived branch loop circuit so as to short circuit the current in accordance
with any excess of pressure without breaking the circuit of supply substantially as
set forth
Twenty ninth-The construction or use of a thermo electric pressure regulator
or a thermo and electro magnetically operative pressure regulator and short circuiting
device provided with means for varying the resistance in the short circuiting loop
or derived circuit in accordance with the excess of pressure from the main or source
substantially as set forth
Thirtieth-The construction or use of a manually operative current reverser and
variable resistance with pointed contacts and compounds connections for use in
motor circuits substantially as described with reference to the drawings
Thirty first The construction or use of an elevator adapted to be operated
electrically in which the following elements are employed one or more electrical
circuits for conveying the current to an electric motor connected or combined with
the body of the elevator and a circuit controlling device for reversing the current
through the motor and single or compound electric magazine adapted to operate in
the electrical circuit in such a manner as to render the operation of the elevator
independent of the producing or converting devices at the source at any given
time at the will of an operator or constantly for the purposes specified
Thirty second-The method of operating and controlling electrical elevators by
the employment of the following elements in an electric circuit an electric motor
adapted to be included in the discharging circuit of simple or compound electric
magazine which is placed in the developing circuit with the producing or developing
source intermittently or at fixed times or through the medium of switching or
commutating devices automatically operative and with or without such magazines
being cast from the charging circuit automatically when some predetermined amount
of energy is stored and with or without the employment of an automatic cut off to
prevent the backward flow of the current from the magazine towards the source
of supply and with or without pressure regulators or variable resistances to
prevent an excess of pressure in the circuit or to reduce the force of the current
and with or without being adapted to operate on or with a general system of
electrical distribution or parts thereof in or under any one or more of the
combinations or applications as set forth substantially as described
Thirty third The construction or use of vessels adapted to be. propelled
electrically in which the following elements are employed an electrical motor
having a series of disc or ring armatures which are adapted to operate in conjunc-
tion with a series of arms blades or extensions constituting the inductive magnetic
poles (of one or more maguets) arranged and adapted to operate upon the end
surfaces and upon opposite sides of the series of discs rings or blades of the
armature between the axis and the periphery-or upon the-a series of arms or
extensions of an armature-projectioning in a line with the axis of the motor and
between the extensions or arms constituting the inductive poles of one or more
magnets and a circuit connected directly or indirectly with the propeller and
having a circuit controller or reverser for directing the current through the circuit
to the motor substantially as set forth
Thirty fourth-In combination with the subject matter of the preceding claim
the employment of simple or compound electric magazines (integral with and
forming part of the electrical equipment of a vessel) adapted to be charged or
verified substantially as set forth
Thirty 6fth-In combination with the subject matter of the two preceding
claims the employment of devices or means in the electrical equipment of the
vessel to prevent overcharging of the magazines with or without devices or means
in the circuit to prevent the backward flow of the current towards source with or
without devices or means to prevent excess of or to regulate pressure in the circuits
substantially as set forth

page_text: Thirty sixth-In combination with the subject matter of the three preceding
claims the employment-devices or means-at fixed points wharves or stations or
in the fixed electrical circuits to provide a reserve of electric power which can
be discharged from such reserves into the magazines forming part of the electrical
equipment of the vessel and the employment producing or developing plant
connected with the magazines independent of the vessel in such a manner that the
reserve magazines can be replenished during the time that the vessel may be
separated therefrom in or under any one or more of the combinations or
applications as herein described substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Stokes Williams have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty sixth day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
1089 EITT IT