IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND TWISTING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphouse Alexis Bois at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June
1866.
I, ALPHONSE ALEXIS BOIS, of La Besace, near Sedan, a City of the French
Empire, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND TWISTING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX,
HEMP, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arrangements of machinery as hereafter described
for drawing and twisting threads of every description in order to produce
threads ready for employment in weaving or otherwise.
The essential features of the machinery in addition to the combination of
parts are, 1st, the employment of two compressing cylinders or rollers between
which the sliver or thread led from the upper part is pressed; 2nd, a special
arrangement of double driving mechanism for effecting simultaneously and
with uniform speed the twisting and drawing of the material being operated
upon; 3rd, the employment of fixed gearing and of movable gearing for
obtaining a differential movement producing the twist.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings is a vertical section and Figure 2 a plan
of a drawing frame constructed according to my Invention. The drawing
frame is composed of a framework terminated at the top and bottom by two

page_text: journals C, D, hollowed in their centre to allow passage to the thread which
is being prepared. This framework is, as seen in the Drawings, formed of
two uprights connected to the journals C, D, by two cross bars X, Y. In an
enlarged part of each upright a hole is formed in which is screwed or fixed a
rod K serving as a support to the bearings I, J, in which the journals L, M,
of each compressing cylinder A, B, turn. It is between these drawing
cylinders that the sliver or thread is pressed. The compressing cylinders are
furnished with small sheets V of parchment or caoutchouc (see the section
Figure 3) held laterally by small keys in grooves cut longitudinally in their
surface. These sheets, which I term "butterflies," are for the object by
coming against the edges W of the funnel of preventing the thread winding
round the cylinders in case of its becoming ruptured. Small endless bands
cross each other and wind round each of the cylinders to serve at the same
time as belts and as springs. This arrangement, applicable to all pressure
cylinders for the preparation of thread, compels the cylinder B (and without
giving any pressure on its bearings) to participate in the movement of the
other while preventing it slipping, which would be disadvantageous for the
escape of the butterflies. A toothed wheel G turning on the upper journal C
and each of its teeth gearing into those of the wheel E gives to the latter a
rotary movement which is transmitted to the compressing cylinders, the
wheel E being fixed on the axis of one of them. Another toothed wheel H
is fixed in all cases to the lower journal D. This wheel, the lower face of
which is hollowed, rolls on a small sphere F of metal or other hard material;
'this sphere runs in a groove or circular channel formed in a bed N; or this
groovo may be formed in the support Qin which the journal D turns.
Figure 4 is an end view of a drawing frame in which only the essential
parts are shown; Figure 5 is a detailed view representing the method of
driving in groups which is applied thereto. This machine is composed of two
parts exactly similar connected and inaintained parallel by pieces O, O', arranged
between them at convenient distances. Bars P in which the upper journals C
of each row of apparatus turn and cast with the pieces O, O¹, are connected
and maintained parallel to the bars Q of the lower part of the drawing frame
by pieces of metal. Small wooden planks R united by binges allow on their
being opened of the working parts of the apparatus being examined and
greased. A shaft w placed in the vertical axle of the drawing frame is
prolonged for the whole length of the latter, and carries at proper distances
mitre wheels Y by means of which it gives the rotary movement to each of
the groups of five apparatus through the intermediation of gearing T, S, fixed
on the vertical shaft. Another shaft w¹ causing the upper toothed whee! G

page_text: of each of the same groups to turn receives its movement from the shaft w.
Thus this apparatus which twists, draws, and untwists the sliver which traverses
it descending by the funnel W receives for this purpose two motions, one given
by the fixed wheel H produces the twisting and per contra the untwisting,
and the other, received by the upper loose wheel G, is intended to produce the
drawing by causing the compressing cylinders A, B, to turn on their own
axes, and that by the difference in speed from the first motion. It is there-
fore this differential speed between the second and the first motions which
determines the drawing of the thread under operation. The thread is
unwound from the upper part of the machine at a height from the ground
which varies with the number of drawing frames in the machine. The thread
descends vertically, passing into the apparatus of cach frame fitted one below
another and becomes wound, entirely drawn, at the bottom of the machine,
either directly upon a bobbin to be carried to a spinning frame, or upon the
bobbin of a continuous spindle Z, which will give it the final twisting.
Figures 6 and 7 represent a toothed wheel or gearing which I can employ
for the working of the compressing cylinders; this wheel when employed is
fitted on tho journals C in such manner that the teeth on its face enter the
teeth of the wheel E.
My Invention is also applicable to carding engines, spindle and fly roving
frames, and throstle frames, or may constitute a distinct machine adapted to
the thickness of the sliver or thread under operation as well as to the fineness
of the filaments which composo it.