Pavement or Paving Material Combined with Metallic Insets.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 26th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 15th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 8th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Pavement or Paving Material Combined with Metallic Insets.
I, CARL BERNHARD LÖHR of 55, Hafenstrasse, Frankfurt a/M., in the Empire
of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The continually increasing traffic, especially in towns, makes constantly greater
demands upon the pavement of side walks and roadways. The latter in particular
are an object of continual anxiety to the town surveyors, because the efforts of
experts to introduce improvements have not been able to keep up with the
increased requirements, although many attempts have already been made to solve
this difficult problem.
Although side-walk pavement consisting of cement-concrete-flags have proved
efficient, yet all attempts to utilize such cement-concrete flags for roadways have
been utterly unsuccessful.
With the object of imparting to these cement-concrete flags a permanently rough
wearing surface and a greater resistance to wear, hard kinds of stone, broken
granite, flint basalt, etc., have been mixed with the said material, but without
success. Nor has the admixture of iron filings, blast furnace slag etc. for the same
purpose given any more useful result.
The utter uselessness of cement-concrete flags for roadways has led to the use
of asphalte which does make good roadways, but only at a great expense, and only
in such cases where the gradient is not too steep. In such case, it has been tried to
lay cellular iron skeletons or frames on a bed or layer of concrete and to fill these
cells with asphalte, with the object of increasing the efficiency and resistance to
wear, but no success has been achieved with this construction.
Now the present invention solves the problem completely in a simple manner
and with economy; this has been proved by practical trials that have been instituted
by the inventor.
This invention consists in embedding systematically into the paving flags or
blocks composed of cement concrete or other plastic materials, suitably shaped
metal bodies of small size, in such a manner that each of said metal bodies is so
surrounded by the mass of paving material that it presents only a small wearing
surface to the traffic, but always more or less in combination with the mass of the
paving material, and in such a way that they cannot become loosened or detached
from the mass of the paving material.
The number or closeness of the metal bodies in the pavement depends on the
wear and tear to which the said pavement is designed to be exposed. Consequently,
pavements of any desired degree of durability can be constructed.
Preferably, metal bodies are inserted which are harder than the mass of the
paving material, which latter therefore wears away more than the metal bodies.
By this means the metal bodies are again exposed more to the action of the traffic
than the mass of the paving material, so that the latter is relieved until the surface
of the metal bodies and of the mass of the paving material has again become
approximately even. The same process is repeated over and over again until the
entire pavement is worn away. In this manner there is primarily obtained the
chief requirement to be demanded of a paving material or pavement, viz., a
permanently rough surface and further a great resistance to wear, for want of
which the use of cement-concrete flags has been hitherto unsuccessful as paving for
roadwave.

page_text: A similar result-as to roughness-would be produced by the insertion of softer
bodies, instead of harder bodies, the mass of the paving material, but the harder
bodies are preferable because they serve at the same time to considerably increase
the durability of the pavement.
A further economical advantage of great importance is also to be found in the
fact that no other pavement of equal durability can be made so cheaply.
Obviously this method is applicable with advantage not only to cement concrete
paving material but also to all paving materials composed of any plastic substance.
In particular, for instance, asphalte roads could be made by means of my method,
suitable for steeper gradients than have been heretofore possible to construct and
would show an increased efficiency in wear.
Dated this 20th day of Tune 1806
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Associate Agent.
I, CARL BERNHARD LÖHR of 55, Hafenstrasse, Frankfurt a/M. in the Empire
of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The continually increasing traffic, especially in towns, makes constantly greater
demands upon the pavement of side walks and roadways. The latter in particular,
are an object of continual anxiety to the town surveyors, because the efforts of
experts to introduce improvements have not been able to keep up with the
increased requirements, although many attempts have already been made to solve
this difficult problem.
Although side-walk pavement consisting of cement-concrete-flags have proved
efficient, yet all attempts to utilize such cement-concrete flags for roadways have
been utterly unsuccessful.
With the object of imparting to these cement-concrete flags a permanently rough
wearing surface and a greater resistance to wear, hard kinds of stone, broken
granite, flint, basalt, etc., have been mixed with the said material, but without
success. Nor has the admixture of iron filings, blast furnace slag etc. for the same
purpose given any more useful result.
The utter uselessness of cement-concrete flags for roadways has led to the use
of asphalte which does make good roadways, but only at a great expense, and only
in such cases where the gradient is not too steep. In such case, it has been tried
.to lay cellular iron skeletons or frames on a bed or layer of concrete and to fill
these cells with asphalte, with the object of increasing the efficiency and resistance
to wear, but no success has been achieved with this construction.
Now the present invention solves the problem completely in a simple manner
and with economy; this has been proved by practical trials that have been instituted
by the inventor.
In the accompanying drawing :-
Figure 1 is a view in sectional elevation of a paving block embodying my
invention, and
Figure 2 is a view in plan thereof.
In both views similar parts are marked with like letters of reference.
According to this invention suitably shaped metal bodies a are embedded or

page_text: inserted in flags or blocks A composed of cement concrete asphalte or other suitable
material in such a manner that each of said insert bodies is so surrounded by the
mass b of paving material that it presents only a small wearing surface to the
traffic, but always more or less in combination with the mass of the paving
material, and in such a way that they cannot become loosened or detached from the
mass of the paving material.
The number or closeness of the insert bodies in the pavement depends on the
wear and tear to which the said pavement is designed to be exposed. Consequently,
pavements of any desired degree of durability can be constructed.
Preferably insert bodies are used which are harder than the mass of the paving
material, which latter therefore wears away more than the metal bodies. By this
means the insert bodies are again exposed more to the action of the traffic than the
mass of the paving material, so that the latter is relieved until the surface of the
insert bodies and of the mass of the paving material has again become approximately
even. The same process is repeated over and over again until the entire pavement
is worn away. In this manner there is primarily obtained the chief requirement to
be demanded of a paving material or pavement, viz., a permanently rough surface
and further a great resistance to wear, for want of which the use of cement-concrete
flags has been hitherto unsuccessful as paving for roadways.
A further economical advantage of great importance is also to be found in
the fact that no other pavement of equal durability can be made so cheaply.
Obviously this method is applicable with advantage not only to cement concrete
paving material but also to all paving materials composed of any plastic substance.
In particular, for instance, asphalte roads could be made by means of my method,
suitable for steeper gradients than have been heretofore possible to construct, and
would show an increased efficiency in wear.
Although I have hereinbefore referred to the insert bodies as being made of metal
they may be made of any other suitable substance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed,. I declare that what I
claim is :-
A paving material consisting of a mass of concrete asphalte or other suitable
material in the surface of which are inserted or embedded a series of suitably shaped
bodies of metal or other suitable material harder, or having a greater resistance to
wear, than the mass, the said insert bodies being of approximately equal form and
size and regularly and systematically placed so that each is separated from the
other and is surrounded-with the exception of the wearing surface with the mass,
as set forth.
Dated this 15th day of March 1897.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Associate Agent.