A New or Improved Fluid Pressure Motor.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1896-Accepted, 10th Oct., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Fluid Pressure Motor.
We GEORGE SHENTON of Coptball House, Copthall Avenue London,
Gentleman, and DENIS AUGUSTE FLORAN DE VILLEPIGUE of 90 Rue de la
Victoire, Paris in the Republic of France Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to engines operated by the expansive force of vapour
under pressure and more particularly to steam engines and the object of the
invention is to dispense with the ordinary water and steam receiver which
constitutes the usual boiler and to modify the feed so as to dispense with valves or
slides for regulating the admission of the steam to the working cylinder.
The annexed drawing illustrates two methods of carrying this invention into
practice,
Fig. 1 being a part section, part elevation of one form of the improved motor
Fig. 2 a similar part section part elevation of another form.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, the upper part of this figure shows the
crank M with its pin B connected with the pitman B' the lower end of which is
articulated within the piston P. The piston is provided with elastic packing
rings and slides in the cylinder C, these parts being so far similar to those used in
single acting cylinder and piston engines in general.
The cylinder C is integral at its base with the cone F, that is to say in the form
shown in the figure the cylinder widens out at its base or end into the form of a
cone at the lower end of which is a plane flange J the lower face of which flange
and the interior face of the cone are turned true. In the interior of the hollow
cone F is a second hollow cone H turned true inside and outside, the upper end of
this cone H returning inwards to form a plane disk for the base of the cylinder.
A small but regular space is left between the exterior surface of cone H and the
interior surface of cone F, and in the middle of the top of the cone H is a stuffing
box for passage of a rod S extending downwards from the piston P in which it is
fastened. In the interior of the cone H is situated a third hollow cone K turned
true on its exterior face and having at its base a flange extending under the lower
end of cone H and under the flange .I with which it is secured by bolts, the joint
being rendered hermetic by suitable packing such as mastic.
Concentric with the axis of the cone K there is fixed therein the cylinder D
within which is the rod S aforesaid carrying at its lower end a piston or shoe
closely fitting in the tube D, the lower face of this shoe having an opening closed
by a valve J with a spring acting outwards, but adapted to give to pressure from
without in order to permit water to pass from the tube D into a passage N' in the
interior of the hollow rod S for the purpose hereinafter referred to. The tube D
is enclosed in a sheath L carrying a reflector R composed of a suitable number of
parabolic facets constituted by a metallic casing V in which are encased prisms U
of refractory material.
There is a slight but regular space between the exterior face of cone K and the
interior face of cone H and this space extends to the upper edge of tube D where
it is Hared or widened out as at about the surface of the rod S which at a
suitable place has a cross passage I communicating with the hollow interior of
said rod S and adapted at a fitting time to establish communication between the
tube D and the space between cone H and cone K. This latter space has also

page_text: communication with the space between cones H and F through suitable passage
ways at the base of cone H.
The interior face of the cone K is formed to constitute a series of superposed
prismatic zones calculated to reflect exactly the prisms U of the parabolic
facets V.
The base of the cones F H and K is closed by a circular plate O through the
centre of which passes the cylinder D and which has a series of openings N leading
to the space between the cone K and the reflector V.
The tube D may terminate below as shown in Fig. 2 that is to say it may have
a movable fluid-tight floor G adapted to be operated by lever L'. Two pipes V' V
then connect the tube D to a feed water reservoir.
Fig. 2 illustrates a motor constructed on the same general principle but having
three or if desired four conical vaporizers communicating with one cylinder or if
desired with two or more cylinders. In this modification the axis of the conical
vaporizer is horizontal while the cylinder or cylinders remain vertical. Each
vaporizer is shown as having but one central opening N in its base and the
reflector V is in the form of an inverted cone the axis of which coincides with the
axis of cone K which is internally smooth.
The action of the motor is as follows;-Through the openings N are introduced
the nozzles of blow pipes or atomizers adapted to burn oil, such as shale-oil,
petroleum or the like, the flames being projected onto the reflectors U V whence
they are reflected onto the cone K so that in a short time this cone and the cone H
which surrounds it will be brought to a temperature near to a dull red heat. If
the flywheel of the motor (not shown) is turned and consequently the piston moved
in the cylinder, the piston on its instroke will cause the rod S to press upon the
water in the cylinder D so as to cause it to lift the valve J and ascend the hollow
rod S until it passes out of the cross passage I into the space P', theuce between
cones K and H where it is almost instantaneously vaporized and expandel findling
always greater space until it arrives at the end of cone H under which it passes to
the space between cones H and F where it is further heated until it passes into
the cylinder C and drives outwards the piston P therein which at or near the end
of its outstroke uncovers the exhaust port o' provided in the wall itself of the
cylinder and the steam escapes into the atmosphere. A further charge of feed
water will thus have been drawn into the cylinder D which at the next instroke
will be forced into the vaporizer.
In this improved motor there is no intermediary pipe between the vaporizer and
the cylinder nor are there any valves the steam being produced in a space
constantly in communication with the cylinder that is to say in effect in the
"cylinder" itself. The water feed is automatic the charge being sufficient for
the stroke only. The feed has to overcome no counter pressure on entering the
vaporizer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is ;-
In apparatus for vaporizing liquids and utilizing the vapour for mutive power,
1. The combination as a vaporizer of three concentric cones at slight distances
apart substantially as described.
2. The combination with a conical vapourizer of reflectors for directing the heat
or flame of jets for heating the interior of such vaporizer substantially as herein
described.
3. The combination with the piston P of the rod S and cylinder D adapted to
act as a feed device for a vaporizer in constant communication with the cylinder C
substantially as described and illustrated.
4. The combination with a cylinder such as C of a piston-cylinder engine, of a
vapourizer in constant communication with and forming an extension or part of said
cylinder substantially as set forth.

page_text: 5. The construction of the improved motor substantially as herein described with
reference to the drawings.
Dated this 20th day of July 1896.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicants.