IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRO- DUCING BLASTS OR CURRENTS OF AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Emil Bennett, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
and Aaron Lumsden, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County of North-
umberland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRO-
DUCING BLASTS OR CURRENTS OF AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS."
Sealed the 29th August 1879, and dated the 1st March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Emil Bennett and
Aaron Lumsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st
March 1879.
JOHN EMIL BENNETT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, and AARON LUMSDEN,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland.
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BLASTS OR CURRENTS OF AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS."
This Invention relates to apparatus for producing currents or blasts of air.
This Invention consists in the employment of two or more cylinders of metal or
other suitable substance, arranged one above another, or one inserted in the other,
somewhat after the manner of the tubes of a telescope; the cylinders being of
varying diameters and so formed that when inserted one within the other a space
is provided or enclosed for containing the packing to be used for rendering the
cylinders air-tight. This Invention further consists in the employment of a ring
of india rubber or other similar or suitable substance, circular in cross section.
In carrying into effect this Invention the cylinders will have their ends flanged
outwards and inwards, that is to say, the ends of the cylinders which pass inside
the larger cylinder are flanged outwards, and the ends that surround the smaller
cylinders are flanged inwards, by which means a space is enclosed to contain the
packing aforesaid. In the packing space is inserted the packing ring above
described, and when the cylinders are moved by drawing them in and out of one
another the said packing ring will be free to travel along the packing. space, but
will be retained therein by the flanges of the cylinders, the said flanges also
preserving the connection between the cylinders.
The divisions and ends of the improved apparatus are of similar construction to
those of ordinary circular single and double blast bellows; and the improved
apparatus. is provided or fitted with suitable valves to govern the inlet and outlet
.

page_text: of air, and is also operated substantially in the same manner as are those bellows
of ordinary construction.
The apparatus above described is intended chiefly to be operated by manual
power, but larger apparatus to be driven by steam or other power can be con-
structed substantially as above specified, or may be fitted with metallic or other 5
suitable packing rings of ordinary construction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Emil Bennett and Aaron Lumsden in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 1st September 1879.
JOHN EMIL BENNETT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, and AARON LUMSDEN,
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BLASTS OR CURRENTS OF AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS."
This Invention relates to apparatus for producing currents or blasts of air.
This Invention consists in the employment of two or more cylinders of metal or
other similar or suitable substance, the one being partly or wholly within the other,
the cylinders being of varying diameters and so formed that when inserted one
within the other, either wholly or in part, space is or spaces are provided or
enclosed for containing packing rings of india-rubber, which are circular in cross
section.
In carrying into effect this Invention by the first method we adopt, the cylinders
will have their ends flanged outwards and inwards, that is to say, the ends of the
cylinders which pass inside the larger cylinder aro flanged outwards, and the ends
that surround the smaller cylinders are flanged inwards, by which means a space
is enclosed to contain the packing aforesaid.
In the packing space is inserted the packing ring above described, and when the
cylinders are moved by drawing them in and out of one another the said packing
ring will be free to travel along the packing space, but will be retained therein by
the flanges of the cylinders, the said flanges also preserving the connection between
the cylinders.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 is a vertical section of the
improved apparatus for producing currents or blasts of air, as above firstly described.
A is the outer cylinder; B, a second cylinder inserted partly in the outer cylinder A ;
and C is a third cylinder inserted partly in the second cylinder B. The upper end
of the outer and second cylinders A, B, are flanged inwards, and the lower ends of
the second and third cylinders B, C, are flanged outwards, thereby forming packing
spaces D and D¹, in which the circular packing E, F, are free to move, and which
form air tight connections between the said cylinders; G and H are yalves opening
inwards to admit the air of the atmosphere; and J is the exit pipe for the blast
or current of air which has been compressed in and by the cylinders.

page_text: In using this apparatus a downward motion is imparted to the cylinder A,
during which operation the air of the atmosphere enters the said cylinder A through
the valve G, and on an upward motion being imparted to the said cylinder the air
therein is compressed and forced through the valve H into the cylinder B and out
through the tube J. The cylinder C being weighted descends as the compressed air
passes out from the cylinder B, thus causing the compressed air to pass out in a con-
tinuous current.
In carrying into effect our Invention by the second method we adopt (which is
the method we prefer) one cylinder is inserted wholly in an outer cylinder, the
inner cylinder being reciprocated for the purpose of compressing the air; the con-
nection between the inner and outer cylinders being made air tight by the employ-
ment of india-rubber packings, which are circular in cross section.
The inner and outer cylinders are closed at each end, but are provided with
suitable inlet and outlet valves.
Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings illustrate the method
of carrying into effect our Invention as above secondly described in combination with
a portable forge; Figure 2 is an outside elevation of the improved apparatus and
forge, with the junction of the air tubes shown in section to show the ball valve;
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the improved apparatus and forge as taken
through the dotted line X, Y, but with part of the tube L in vertical section to
show the ball T; Figure 4 is in part a cross section of the improved apparatus as
taken through the dotted line V, W, the shaft K' being shown in plan; Figure 4
is also in part a plan of the top of the apparatus and the levers P and P' and con-
necting rods O and O'. The same letters of reference denote similar detail parts
in each Figure.
A¹ is the outer cylinder; B', the second or inner cylinder, which is placed wholly
within the outer cylinder A', the said cylinder B₁ having an external flange at
each end thereof and two interinediate flanges M and N, thereby forming the
spaces D2 and D³, in which the circular packings E, F, are free to move; G is a
valve opening inwards to admit the air of the atmosphere to the cylinder A'; H' is
valve opening outwards from the cylinder B'; J₁ is a pipe, through which the com-
pressed air travels to the tuyere R; and L is a pipe through which the compressed
air travels from the lower end of the cylinder A' to the tuyere R; P is a lever on
the rocking shaft Q', which is actuated by the hand of the operator, and which
imparts a reciprocating notion to the shaft K' and cylinder B₁ through the con-
necting rods O and O'; S and S' are grooves in the outer cylinder A', in which the
shaft K reciprocates; T is a valve ball; U and U' valve seats; 1, 1, 1, are holes
through which the air of the atmosphere enters the cylinder B¹.
In using this apparatus a downward motion being imparted to the lever P the
cylinder B is raised and air enters the cylinder A' and tube L through the valve G²,
at the same time the air in the upper part of the cylinder A¹ (above the cylinder B¹)
is compressed and forced through the tube J', driving the ball T against the valvo
seat U, and the compressed air passes through the tuyere R to the hearth of the
forge. On an upward motion being imparted to the lever P the inner cylinder B¹
is forced down, compressing the air in the lower part of the cylinder A¹ and tube L,
which forces the ball T against the valve seat U¹, which allows the compressed air
to pass through the tuyere R to the hearth of the forge; and during the said down-
ward movement of the cylinder B' the air of the atmosphere passes through the
grooves S and S' of the outer cylinder A', and through the holes 1, 1, 1, into the
inner cylinder B¹, and through the valve H¹ into the tube J, to be in turn com-
pressed and forced through the tuyere R, as above described.
Instead of the packing rings being of india-rubber they may be of other similar
or elastic substance.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and

page_text: original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the hereinbefore
in part recited Letters Patent is,—
Firstly. Improvements in apparatus for producing blasts or currents of air or
other fluids by the employment of cylinders which are inserted wholly or in part
one within the other, the said cylinders being employed in combination with
packing rings of india rubber or other similar or clastic substance, which are
circular in cross section, and which move freely in packing spaces between the said
cylinders for the purpose of forming an air tight joint, substantially as hereinbefore.
specified and described, and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Secondly. The apparatus for producing blasts or currents of air in combination
with a portable forge, as herein before described in detail, and illustrated in Figures
2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Emil Bennett, on behalf of myself and
the said Aaron Lumsden, have hereuto set my hand and seal, this Thirtietli
day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy nine.