IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING FABRICS WITH METALLIC MATTERS, AND IN FINISHING SILKS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
OVEREND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirteenth day of February, in the seventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Overend, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said James Overend, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Overend, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING FABRICS WITH METALLIC MATTERS,
AND IN FINISHING SILKS AND OTHER FABRICS," communicated from abroad; in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said James
Overend, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large.
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Overend, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The Invention consists, first, of means of preparing materials for the purpose
of printing on fabrics to be afterwards covered with metallic powder; and,
secondly, in a mode of finishing fabrics. I will first describe the materials and
mode of combining them together for printing on cotton fabrics. I take one
part of white lead, one-eighth part of manganese, one sixty-fourth of litharge,
one-sixteenth of sugar of lead, these materials are to be then mixed with a
gallon of clarified linseed oil and reduced into a pasty state, then add one
gallon of gold size; the whole is then boiled together by steam in earthen-
ware vessels for half an hour, adding to it one-sixteenth part of yellow wax,
and one forty-eighth part of dissolved gum, and one-sixteenth part of sugar
candy; it is then to be taken from the fire and passed through a sieve; a
small quantity of yellow chromate is added to color it. In some cases, when
operating on woollen and other goods, I add a small quantity of turpentine or
diluted muriatic acid; but when these materials are used a small quantity of
tallow or other fatty matter should be put into the mixture instead of the wax
and gum. Although I have stated the above proportions of materials I do
not confine myself thereto, as they may be varied according to the nature of
the fabric to be printed. The color being thus prepared is in a fit state for
use, and is to be employed in the ordinary manner of block or other printing.
After the fabric has been printed, and as it is drawn off the roller or block, the
metallic powder is sifted on to the color from a sieve or by any convenient
method; the fabric is to be then removed to a room, heated by steam or
otherwise, to dry; when thoroughly dry, the fabric is to be well brushed until
the whole of the powder is removed. This Invention may be employed in all
descriptions of printing and to any fabrics, and may be united with and joined
to printing in any colors. I would remark that by this Invention the metallic
powder will bear the heat of the steam sufficiently long to allow of the colors
with which the fabric is being printed to be fixed, and the goods may be dried
in the air by preference to artificial heat. In the two cases above stated, either
when printing with metallic powders or with other colors, the fabrics must be
passed under the cylinder, according to the ordinary system; but in some cases,
such as leather, where the fabric would be injured by the pressure of the
ordinary cylinder, I prefer to use a burnishing stick with the hand. The
fabrics are then subjected to pressure, in order to give the metal a bright and

page_text: burnished appearance; the fabric is then in a state to be subjected to the
process of finishing, which is the second part of the Invention, and which
consists of submitting the fabric to the vapour of sulphur. The fabric that has
been printed is wound on to a roller and drawn over another roller covered
with cloth; this roller, damped by water placed in a metal box in which it
turns the fabric, is then passed over three other rollers, which are heated either
by steam or any other convenient means. Underneath the fabric is placed a
vessel of about three feet long, in which is burnt charcoal and sulphur mixed
with salt, the vapour from which mixes with the color of the printed fabrics as
it passes over the rollers, and finishes the process of printing; it also removes
the disagreeable smell that it had imbibed from the oil in the previous
processes. It is then to be dried by being again passed over the heated rollers
as before. In preparing materials for printing on silk, I vary the materials by
leaving out the sugar of lead and by adding a small quantity of nitro-muriatic
acid, sufficient to dissolve the wax used; and instead of using four ounces of
yellow wax I use eight ounces, and four ounces of crystallized sugar. These
materials are mixed together as before described. I prefer that when using
this preparation it should be used in a warm state.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
carrying out the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details of the Invention, so long as the peculiar character
of the Invention be retained. I have not thought it necessary to mention the
method of preparing the metallic powder, that being well known; but what
I claim is,-
First, the preparing the colouring materials herein described for printing
on fabrics to be afterwards covered with any metallic powders, so that the
fabric will bear the ordinary washing, whether the fabric be wholly printed as
above explained, or combined with other kinds of printing.
And, secondly, I claim the mode of finishing fabrics by subjecting them to
the vapour of sulphur, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Overend, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
JAMES
(L.S.) OVEREND.
35 Signed, sealed, and delivered (being first
duly stamped), in the presence of
S. MINSHULL, Att*, Liverpool.
T. B. ASHALL, his Clerk.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of August, in
the
year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid James Overend came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.