Improvements in Looms for Making Bobbin-net and Curtains.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1890-Accepted, 30th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Making Bobbin-net and Curtains.
We, EL SCHÄDLICH, Engineer. of 28 Dafourstrasse, Leipzig, and RUDOLF
LEONHARD, Manufacturer, of Mittweida, both in the Kingdom of Saxony, German
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention refers to the construction of looms for making,
1. Bobbin-net, such as is usually manufactured with hexagonal meshes and without
any pattern;
2. Bobbin-net with hexagonal meshes and with pattern;
3. Goods with parallel running warp threads (instead of the warp thread being laid
crosswise or diagonal, as in bobbin-net), with pattern in such goods.
In bobbin-net as heretofore manufactured, the warp thread bobbins remain
stationary, and the weft thread bobbins are moved sideways to produce the diagonal
parts of the bobbin-net, but according to the present invention, the warp thread
Dobbins are caused to travel step by step, and the weft thread bobbins move each in
a vertical plane only, to carry the weft thread through the warp.
The warp thread bobbins are mounted on an endless chain, band, or belt, in one
or more horizontal planes, and this chain, hand, or belt may be caused to travel in a
horizontal plane, either step by step, or to and fro. By the step by step traveling
motion, the warp thread bobbins, which are divided in two series, one series travelling
in front, while the other series travels in rear of the loom, will draw or lay the warp
thread crosswise or diagonal to each other, one half of these threads running from
the top left hand to the bottom right hand, and the other half of these threads
running from the top right hand to the bottom left hand (observed from the front
of the foom). In combination with this formation of cross or diagonal warp chain,
the weft bobbins are carried in vertical planes through the openings between warp
threads by automatic clutches, in order to combine the cross points of the warp
threads, and to form the hexagonal meshes of the bobbin-net. For allowing the
weft threads to twist around the cross points of the warp threads, the travelling step
by step motion of the belt, chain, or bad, carrying the warp bobbins, is interrupted
by a small receding motion, for the purpose named. The bobbin-net thas produced
is of course without any pattern, and consists of nothing but the ordinary hexagonal
bobbin-net. Combs may be employed, for automatically entering between the last
formed meshes, until a new row of meshes is formed by the weft threads being
carried through the openings of the warp thread. There are as many double clutches
in the loom, as there are weft threads to be carried through the warp, the one row of
clutches being in front of the loom, the other in the rear. These clutches are each
provided with a lid to be closed and opened automatically. If a clutch advances
towards the warp line, it catches the carrier which contains the weft bobbin. The
carrier is shaped at both ends to enter into the clutch, and if the clutch lid closes and
the clutch retreats, it takes the carrier with the weft bobbin through the warp. This
clutch, advancing in its turn towards the warp, delivers the carrier through the warp,
where the carrier enters the opposite clutch, the lid of which, by closing, takes hold
of the carrier, and draws the carrier, with its bobbin and weft thread, through the
warp. So an accurate and never-failing carrying of the weft thread through the
warp is accomplished, each pair of clutches with its carrier and weft thread Bobbin
always working in one and the same vertical plane. The endless belt, band, or chain
is provided with thread guides, so as to guide the warp threads from the front and
from the rear, into one vertical plane, or nearly into one vertical plane.
In order to manufacture hexagonal meshed bobbin-net with patterns, there is
combined with the loom a Jacquard machine for shifting the warp threads laterally,.

page_text: warp.
for the weft thread to enter into another opening between two warp threads. For
this purpose, the carriers to be commanded by the Jacquard machine are arranged
horizontally within a box extending across the entire width of the
This
box is made to recede and to advance automatically from and towards the warp, so
as to withdraw or to enter the teeth of the said horizontal carriers from or into the
warp, the carriers being so connected with the Jacquard that they are commanded
by it, while their teeth are within the warp.
By these means, the warp, during the formation of hexagonal bobbin-net, is caused
to offer different openings for the passage of the weft bobbins, whereby the pattern is
produced in bobbin-net.
It is also possible to produce. on this loom, goods with parallel running warp
threads, contrary to the diagonal running warp threads in the bobbin-net, and to
use the weft thread in order to produce a pattern in such goods.
For this purpose, a Jacquard is employed in order to give to the belt, band, or
chain carrying the warp bobbins, a to and fro motion according to the pattern to be
produced the belt chain or band, does not, in this instance, travel step by step
around with the warp hobbins, but is caused simply to advance and to recede in the
horizontal plane, as controlled by the Jacquard, and by this motion the weft threads
are caused to twist or to be laid around the warp threads, to produce the desired
pattern
The clutches with the weft hobbins work in the same manner as above stated (in
fact they always work alike), and the effect, in this instance, will be to produce goods
such as are usually used for curtains, in which the warp threads run parallel to each
other, and are combined or twisted by the weft thread by horizontal twistings or
weavings, which form the pattern in the goods.
Dated this 30th day of September 1889.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.
VUMELETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Making Bobbin-net and Curtains.
We EMIL SCHÄDLICH, Engineer, of 28 Dufourstrasse, Leipzig, and RUDOLF
LEONHARD, Manufacturer, of Mittweida, both in the Kingdom of Saxony, German
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention refers to the construction of looms for making-
1. Bobbin-net, such as is usually manufactured with hexagonal meshes and without
any pattern;
2. Bobbin-net with hexagonal meshes and with pattern;
3. Goods with parallel running warp threads (instead of the warp thread being
laid erosawise or diagonal, as in bobbin-net), with pattern in such goods.
In hobbin-net, as heretofore manufactured, the warp thread bobbins remain
stationary, and the weft thread hobbins are moved sideways to produce the diagonal
parts of the bobbin-net, but according to the present invention the warp thread
bobbins are caused to travel step by step, and the weft thread bobbins move each in
a vertical plane only, to carry the weft thread through the warp.
The warp thread bobbins are mounted on an endless chain, band, or belt, in one
or more horizontal planes, and this chain, band or belt may be caused to travel in
a horizontal plane, either step by step, or to and fro. By the step by step travelling
motion, the warp thread bobbins, which are divided in two series, one series travelling
in front, while the other series travels in rear of the loom, will draw or lay the warp
thread crosswise or diagonal to each other, one half of these threads running from the
top left hand to the bottom right hand, and the other half of these threads running
from the top right hand to the bottom left hand (observed from the front of the

page_text: loom). In combination with this formation of cross or diagonal warps, the weft
bobbins are carried in vertical planes through the openings between warp threads
by automatic clutches, in order to combine the cross points of the warp threads, and
to form the hexagonal meshes of the hobbin-net. For allowing the weft threads to
twist around the cross points of the warp threads, the travelling step by step motion
of the belt, chain, or band, carrying the warp bobbins, is interrupted by a small
receding motion, as will be hereinafter more particularly described. The bobbin-net
thus produced is of course without any pattern, and consists of nothing but the
ordinary hexagonal bobbin-net. Combs may be employel for automatically entering
between the last formed meshes, until a new row of meshes is formed by the weft
threads being carried through the openings of the warp thread. There are as many
double clutches in the loom as there are weft threads to be carried through the warp,
the one row of clutches being in front of the loom, the other in the rear. These
clutches are each provided with a lid to be closed and opened automatically. If a
clutch advances towards the warp line, it catches the carrier which contains the
weft bobbin. The carrier is shaped at both ends to enter into the clutch, and if the
clutch lid closes and the clutch retreats, it takes the carrier with the weft bobbin
through the warp.
This clutch advancing, in its turn, towards the warp, delivers the carrier through
the warp, where the carrier enters the opposite clutch, the lid of which, by closing,
takes hold of the carrier, and draws the carrier, with its bobbin and weft thread,
through the warp. So an accurate and never failing carrying of the weft thread
through the warp is accomplished, each pair of clutches with its carrier and weft
thread bobbin always working in one and the same vertical plane. The endless
belt, band, or chain is provided with thread guides so as to guide the warp threads
from the front and from the rear, into one vertical plane, or nearly into one vertical
plane.
In order to manufacture hexagonal meshed bobbin-net with patterns, there is
combined with the loom a Jacquard machine for shifting the warp threads laterally
for the weft thread to enter into another opening between two warp threads. For
this purpose, the carriers to be commanded by the Jacquard machine are arranged
horizontally within a box extending across the entire width of the warp. This box
is made to recede and to advance automatically from and towards the warp, so as to
withdraw or to enter the teeth of the said horizontal carriers from or into the warp,
the carriers being so connected with the Jacquard, that they are commanded by it,
while their teeth are within the warp.
By these means, the warp, during the formation of hexagonal bobbin-net, is caused
to offer different openings for the passage of the weft hobbins, whereby the pattern is
produced in bobbin-net.
It is also possible to produce, on this loom, goods with parallel running warp
threads contrary to the diagonal running warp threads in the bobbin-net, and to use
the weft thread in order to produce a pattern in such goods.
For producing goods with parallel warp threads, and using the weft threads only
for forming the patterns or designs in such goods, a jacquard machine may be
employed, by which the stationary warp threads are shifted in the well known manner
for producing the pattern, as in curtains or bobbin-net machines with parallel warp
threads.
The clutches with the weft bobbins work in the same manner as above stated (in
fact, they always work alike), and the effect in this instance will be to produce goods
such, as are usually used for curtains, in which the warp threads run parallel to each
other, and are combined or twisted by the weft thread by horizontal twistings or
weavings, which form the pattern in the goods.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a bobbin-net or curtain-loom.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the same, partly in section, the left hand of the figure

page_text: Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 shew, in detached views, parts of the machine in detail.
The left hand side of Fig. 2 illustrates the manufacture of bobbin-net with a cross
warp, the warp-threads being laid diagonally in the work, and locked in the working
of the machine, by the shuttle or weft threads, while on the right side of the figure
is shewn the manufacture of patterned goods with parallel warp threads, in which
(when weaving with a Jacquard loom) the shuttle threads are laid horizontally around
them.
The arrangement of the carrier for the warp thread spools, and of the automatic
clutches for the passage of the weft thread spools, is as follows:-
The carrier T, consisting of an endless band or chain, composed of links connected
by hinges, passes over cylindrical or polygonal shaped guide pulleys R mounted on
vertical shafts. Projecting from the links are horizontal pins arranged on different
levels, for the purpose of receiving the warp thread spools s. From each link rise
thread guides provided at their extremities with eyes F, for guiding the warp thread,
by which means the two rows of warp threads rising fron the back and front of the
machine, and running upwards, are brought together (to be worked by the shuttle
thread) into line.
To prevent the sagging or bending of the endless band between the guide rolls,
each link of the chain, or some of them, may be provided with rollers running over
rails set in the path of travel of the band above and below.
The weft or bobbin thread is wound on the spools or bobbins E, and each spool is
placed in a carriage L. The bobbin carriages L are formed by a plate, on the ends
of the upper edge of which are notches. On both sides of the warps, clutches Mare
arranged, consisting of an angular bar N, and a lid or catch P connected to the
part N by a hinge. The underside of the lid or catch has projections, which interlock
with corresponding notches in the bobbin carriage L. The angular bar N is provided
with grooves or a recess, in its inner surface, to receive the bobbin carriages L.
In Fig. 1, the clutches M are shewn in section; the left hand clutch has, on the
closing of the lid or catch, gripped the spool carriage, while the right hand one holds
its lid Popen, for the reception of the bobbin carriage, on the passage of the latter
through the warps.
Mechanical devices are provided to effect the opening and closing of the lids or
catches, which may be controlled by springs. These devices will be more particularly
specified with reference to Figs. 4 to 7. For moving the warp thread spools recipro-
cally, the following mechanism is employed.
From the main driving shaft B (mounted lengthwise of the machine), the vertical
shafts B B receive motion through ratchet gear.
These shafts B B2 may be caused to impart reciprocating to and fro motion to the
pullies R, and thereby to the belt T, which carries the warp thread bobbins, in order
to cause, when producing bobbin-net (see left hand of Fig. 2), as above mentioned,
the weft threads to be carried or twisted around the cross points of the warp threads.
For this purpose the driving mechanism illustrated in the Figs. 2 and 2 may be
advantageously employed to transmit an axially reciprocating motion to the vertical
shafts B B2 from the main shaft B. On the two shafts B' and B, the ratchet wheels a³ ³
and a are fixed. Into the ratchet wheels a, the ratchet pawls, and
into the ratchet, wheels a² 2, the ratchet pawls 22 will take alternately, the first
named pawls being situated on the lever e¹ the last named pawls being situated
on the lever e². At the front end of these two levers el e², projecting in a downward
direction, are two bowls or guide rollers 1 and 2 (Fig. 2). Two coupling boxes gh',
and g, capable of being thrown in and out of gear, are mounted with feather and
key connection on the main shaft B, in a suitable position with reference to the two
shafts Band B2, which coupling boxes are provided at their fronts, facing each other,
with adjustable noses, or with fixed curved faces, with which they will act (when
the shaft B rotates), in alternate directions, against the bowls fland. Thereby,
at the one time, the ratchet pawls c 2 will take into or work upon the ratchet
wheels a a, and at the other time the ratchet pawls d' d² will take into or work
upon the ratchet wheels 2, and will thus cause the shafts B₁ B, and consequently

page_text: the belt T carrying the warp thread bobbins, to make a small receding motion after
each forward motion. The pitch of the ratchet wheels a¹¹ and a will be best
chosen in the proportion 2 1, so that after each forward motion of the belt T, corre-
sponding to two teeth, a receding motion will follow, corresponding to one tooth.
The coupling boxes and g² ² may be simultaneously thrown out of gear by the
lever device shewn in Fig 2b, so that the continued rotary motion of shaft B will not
cause the shafts B1 B2 to rotate, and therefore the belt or band T with the warp thread
bobbins will remain stationary.
For the movement of the warp spools, when making the cross warp, a step by step
rotation of the pullies R, with a lesser rearward motion after each forward one, is
necessary to effect the requisite locking of the threads on both sides by the bobbin
threads. Thus, the diagonally running warp threads are locked together by the
bobbin threads, and as the front warp threads run diagonally one way, and the rear
threads the other, the bobbin-net will be formed with hexagonal meshes.
If the machine is required to produce curtains or other goods with patterns having
parallel warp threads, as indicated at the right hand of Fig. 2, the reciprocating and
progressive motion of the belt T, which has been caused by the mechanism illustrated
in Fig. 2 and Fig. 2b, must be arrested by throwing the coupling boxes gand g²²
out of gear, in order that the warp threads may remain stationary. The warp threads
are then to be threaded through the loops of the ordinary Jacquard strings in the usual
way. These coupling boxes can be moved, not only out of gear, but so as to bring the
box with its coupling teeth into gear with a cam box 1, Fig. 2, mounted loosely on the
shaft B, whereby the cam box will partake of the rotation of the shaft B, and, through
the bell crank levers and pull down wires, set in motion the lever device of any ordinary
Jacquard machine (Fig. 2), which machine, by its platines or bars, will shift the warp
threads in the well known manner, in order that the weft threads may be twisted round
them, and thus produce the desired pattern.
The clutch M is operated from the shaft B by means of the cam G, levers and connect-
ing rods H, and bent levers O, which carry the clutches M at their outer ends.
The connection between the levers H and the lever O is made by slots through which
pins are passed, so that the clutches M can be adjustably situated with respect to the
bobbin carriages L.
The shaft K derives its motion from the shaft B, said shaft K' operating by means of
the cams U, acting on the bowls of the levers Q, carrying the point bars R¹ R, the
points of which alternately hold the last formed meshes until the twisting of the bobbin
threads and cross warps have formed the next line of meshes. C is the work beam on
which the lace is wound as it is produced.
Figs. 4 to 7 of the drawings illustrate the mechanism for giving motion to the
bobbins and carriages, and retaining them in either clutch. Only those parts are
here shown which refer to these particular operations, and the parts are shown in
the different positions they take during the operation.
In these Figs. 4 to 7, the levers X and Y, which have for their object the opening
of the lips or catches P, carry the bars Z.
Supposing, now, the bobbins and carriages E L are held by the clutches of the left
hand levers O, the levers X and Y will occupy the position shown at Fig. 4, and both
the lips or catches P of the clutches are lowered, so that the bobbin-carriages EL
are held by the left hand levers O. If, now, the latter swing in the direction of the
right hand levers 0, then the bobbin carriages L will enter the clutches N, carried by
the right hand levers O, and the projecting arms of the lips P of these clutches come
against the bars Z of the lever X, whereby the lips P will be thrown out of their seat
in the recesses formed in the carriage L, Fig. 5. The bobbin carriages E L are
now freed from the left hand clutches, and enter those on the right hand, the lips
or catches, either by their own gravity, or through the aid of a spring, falling
into the recesses in that end of the bobbin carriage.
:
It is furthermore to be remarked, that the lifting of the lips or catches P out
of the notches or recesses in the carriages L, may be effected by fork shaped bars Z*,

page_text: Fig. 5ª, which bars are arranged for such purpose on the levers X and Y in a
suitable manner.
When the changing over of the bobbin-carriages has been effected in the manner
described, the levers O swing into the position represented at Fig. 6, as also the
levers X and Y, through the levers X and Y¹, operated by means of cams on the cam
shaft, K.
The bobbin carriages E L, held fast by the clutches N and P, also participate
in the swinging movement of the right hand levers O. If, now, the clutches swing
back towards the left hand lever, the projecting arms of the lips P of the clutches of
the right hand levers 0 come into contact with the bars Z of the levers Y, whereby
the lips become disengaged from the notches or recesses in the bobbin carriages L,
and the lips of the clutches of the left hand levers O become engaged.
When, again, the left hand lever O, and the levers X and Y, swing back, the parts
will come into the position as shown at Fig. 4.
In order to combino the bobbin-net machine with a Jacquard machine, so as to be
able with this machine, when producing bobbin-net with hexagonal loops, to form
patterns in an analogous manner to that shown in connection with parallel warps, the
following arrangement may be employed.
A pusher guide box is employed, carrying a series of pusher guides arranged in
rows one above the other. This guide box receives a motion to and from the warps,
the teeth of the guides entering between the warps.
These pusher guides are arranged in any required order on their bars, which will,
when entered between the warps, have the requisite lateral traverse imparted to them
by the Jacquard machine, to move the warps, according to the requirements of the
pattern.
The pusher guides and box, after their forward and lateral motion ceases, are
returned to their normal position, by means of counterweights, or through the
action of springs.
Fig. 8 is a cross section, and Fig. 9 a front view, of a machine for making bobbin-
net and pattern lace, only so much of the principal parts of the machine being shewn,
as is necessary to illustrate the connection of the same with the Jacquard mechanism,
and Figs. 10 and 11 are details of parts of the mechanism shown detached.
The pusher guide box D is carried by horizontal rods F, moving in guides bolted to
the frame of the machine, and is pushed forward to the line of the warps at the
required time by means of the lever FL, operated by the excentric disc or cam S, and
drawn back by means of the spring T as the cam S rotates.
When being pushed forward, the teeth of the pusher guides P¹ (which are
arranged horizontally, one above another, in the guide box D) enter between the
several warp threads.
This movement is essential, because, during the making of bobbia net, the threads
to be influenced by the Jacquard machine are constantly changing (i.e., have a forward
motion), whilst during the formation of curtain lace with parallel warps they remain
in the same line.
The pusher guides P¹ will, in general, consist of a flat bar P³, on which are
arranged pusher bits with pointed ends or teeth Z (Fig. 10), or with tumbler
guides Z (Fig. 11), mounted on their bar, so as to be capable of being turned
over to bring them into position for acting in any order desired.
If these pusher bits or guides are selected and arranged in accordance with the size
of the pattern to be produced, the proper warp threads will, by the action of the ordinary
Jacquard machine A (whose needles B are connected by means of cords C with the
pusher guide bars P¹) be moved by the teeth of the guides which have entered between
them (transversely of the line of warps), according to the requirements of the
pattern. When the weft thread bobbins E, in their bobbin carriages I, are passed
through the warp threads, patterns will be formed in the bobbin-net lace, such as that
indicated to the left hand of Fig. 9.
At the right hand side of Fig. 9, the warp threads are shewn, as in the case of

page_text: g. 2, in parallel lines, and the belt T carrying the warp thread bobbins is put out of
ar. The Jacquard, machine, with its horizontal bars or pushers and its teeth, act
ccording to the pattern to be produced) on the parallel warp threads, shifting the
ne sideways, thereby allowing the weft thread to be carried through and twisted
ound, as above explained.
In some instances it may be desirable to work the Jacquard machine in combination
th the to and fro motion of the belt T, for producing certain patterns in goods with
rallel warp threads. In such cases, the belt T is moved by a ratchet device as above
scribed, but with equal teeth in the ratchet wheels, so that the belt T moves at
ual distances to and fro,-the Jacquard machine at the same time shifting the warp
reads in any required direction for producing the pattern.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
n and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
im is:―
1. A bobbin-net machine for plain or figured goods, in which :-
(a) The warp thread bobbins s are arranged upon a travelling jointed chain or
carrier T, which carrier (for the production of cross warps to make plain
bobbin-net) has a step by step forward or backward movement; or (for the
production of parallel warp fabrics, to make figured goods, curtains, &c.)
remains stationary, whereas the warp threads receive, under the influence of an
ordinary Jacquard machine, a regular reciprocating motion.
() The weft thread bobbins E are carried in bobbin carriages L, which, by means
of clutches M N P (arranged on both sides of the warp) are passed through the
warp threads, in order to produce, in combination with the above named warp
and bobbin arrangement, plain bobbin-net with cross warps, or patterns with
parallel warps.
2. In the bobbin-net and curtain machine referred to in claim 1, an arrangement
the production of patterns in bobbin-net with cross warps, consisting principally of
pusher guide box D), with pusher guides Parranged horizontally one above another,
ich pusher guide box D has imparted to it, at times, a movement in the direction
the warp threads, for the purpose of carrying in the toothed pusher bits Z of the
ides (arranged on their bars in accordance with the dimensions of the pattern to
produced) between the warp threads, whilst the pusher guide bars F1 can he
aversed laterally by means of a Jacquard machine A B C, in the direction required
the passage of the weft thread bobbins.
Dated this 30th day of July 1890.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.