matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Heywood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1873.-A communication from abroad by John Heywood,
of Michigan, in the United States of America.
I, ROBERT HEYWOOD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS," to be as follows:-
When putting on and removing horse collars as ordinarily constructed
previously to the said Invention, it has been necessary to pass the collar
over the head of the animal, and this necessity has in many cases
rendered the said operations difficult and dangerous, and also it has been
necessary to make the collar of a suitable size and form to admit of the
passage of the head of the animal through the collar, and the said collar
has as a consequence not fitted suitably to the shoulders of the animal.
The object of the said Invention has been to remedy the said defects,
and to this end the collar is fitted or formed with a joint which can be
readily opened and shut, so that when the said joint is opened the collar
can be placed in position on the neck of the animal without the head of
the said animal necessarily passing through the said collar.

page_text: In the form of joint preferred to be employed for the said purpose,
two metal pieces are attached to the two parts of the collar which are to
be connected when the collar is in use, one metal piece being formed or
fitted with a bolt, which when the joint is to be secured passes into an
opening in the other metal piece; a spring lever latch within the last
named metal piece enters a notch in the said bolt and secures the con-
nection. When the joint is to be opened an accessible finger piece
attached to or connected with the said latch is pressed upon to withdraw
the said latch from the said notch.
Variations may be made in the form of and in the arrangements of
and connected with the said joint without departing from the nature of
the said Invention. The part of the collar at the end of the collar
opposite to the said joint may be furnished with a metal hinge or not, as
preferred or considered to be most suitable. The "hames"
attached to or constitute a part of the collar if preferred or found to be
suitable.
may be
AN IMPROVED MAGNETO-ELECTRIC INDUCTION MACHINE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henelade Courtenay at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd April 1873.
I, ROBERT HENELADE COURTENAY, of 4, Meyrick Road, Clapham
Junction, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MAGNETO-ELECTRIC INDUCTION MACHINE," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist, first, in the arrangement of the electro
helices, by which arrangement the whole of the helices are connected at
one end to a collar of copper or other suitable conductor; the other ends
are connected with a conducting rod insulated in the centre. Through
the method of induction used the currents are collected at the terminals.
without break, leakage, or friction, and do not require a commutator to
change them. The current is induced by two or more iron wheels or
their equivalent in soft iron bars or rods revolving past permanent or
electro-magnets. On the opposite side a series of helices are arranged
forming a half circle, which receives the magnetism from the revolving
wheels or bars. On both sides of the iron wheels or bars a series of
helices are screwed into iron plates, between which plates the wheels or

page_text: bars revolve, one end of each helice being connected with the collar
before mentioned, the continuous induction through the whole series of
helices building up a powerful current of electricity which can be applied
to any useful purpose.
The second improvement consists in collecting from a revolving
cylinder of electro-helices the currents generated into a box of mercury,
or into a metallic solution capable of receiving and transmitting a
current of electricity either to another part of a magneto-electric
machine, or for any other purpose for which a current of electricity is
required.
The third part of the improvement consists in driving the axle of the
magneto-electric machine by means of a lever connected with a fly
wheel, and to which fly wheel is attached a smaller wheel by means of a
second lever. The axle of the wheel is driven by an engine of small
power, the resistance to be overcome being only the wheels on the axles,
and the restraining powers of the magnets.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RECORDING TIME, AND THE PRESSURE OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS, ALSO THE VACUUM OF STEAM ENGINES, AND THE SPEED OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Sudworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1873.
I, SAMUEL SUDWORTH, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR RECORDING TIME, AND THE PRESSURE OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS,
ALSO THE VACUUM OF STEAM ENGINES, AND THE SPEED OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES,”
to be as follows:―
The apparatus for recording the pressure and vacuum of steam engines
consists of one or more bent metal tubes into which the steam is
admitted, also of a drum covered with paper, which drum is made to
revolve once in twenty-four hours or at any definite speed by means of
clockwork. The end of the bent metal tube or tubes is connected to a
marker acting on the paper on the drum, the marker being held vertical
by a parallel motion.
When the apparatus is set to work the varying pressure of the steam
causes the marker to rise or fall, and as the drum revolves those
variations are recorded by the marker above a zero line traced on the

page_text: paper by a separate marker actuated by the clockwork, and the vacuum
is traced below the zero line.
Instead of tracing the variations: of pressure and the vacuum on a
paper fixed to the drum, which paper would have to be changed after
every revolution of the drum, I also propose to trace the said variations
on a continuous strip of paper which is unwound off one roller and
wound up on a second roller, the taking-up roller being driven by
friction from a drum actuated by clockwork.
The tracer that marks.the zero line is actuated by the clockwork, and
may be made to mark the hour and any portion of an hour so as to record 1
the time as well as the variations in the pressure.
When the apparatus is applied for recording the speed of motive power
engines, instead of the bent tubes above referred to I apply a shaft
driven by the engine whose speed is to be recorded; on this shaft is a
worm gearing into a wheel on which. is a cam for actuating the marker, 1
and as the speed varies the marker is moved up or down and records the
variations on a paper.as before.
The apparatus may also be used for recording the pressure of water
and for compressed air and other fluids.
A NEW WOOLLEN FABRIC
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1873.-A communication from abroad by Ebenezer
Lush, of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria, Clothing Manu-
facturer.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW WOOLLEN FABRIC," a communication to me
from abroad by Ebenezer Lush, of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria,
Clothing Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new woollen fabric, which I call "woollen
moleskin" by reason of its similarity in twill and elasticity to the
ordinary cotton moleskin. The wool with which it is to be manufactured
must be long and strong, and of such a character as will "mill or
"full" well, and it must be cleansed in such a manner as to make it
"felt." By preference I would use urine for this purpose, and here I
would remark that the quality of wool required to "full or “mill,” and

page_text: the kind of cleansing required to make it "felt," are perfectly well
understood in the trade.
"
3
The prepared wool I spin and weave in the same manner that I would
do if I were going to make ordinary "tweed" with this exception, that
the yarn for the "weft" I spin loose or open, so that the fabric when
manufactured will "mill or "full" to an unusual extent, and also
excepting that I give it the "twill," which is not ordinarily imparted to
tweeds. This results in the production of an article having a special
closeness of pile and texture, and possessing great strength, softness, and
elasticity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING SCRAPERS FOR CLEANING BOILER AND OTHER TUBES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hays Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1873.
I, JOHN HAYS WILSON, of the Firm of John Hays Wilson and
Company, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING SCRAPERS FOR
CLEANING BOILER AND OTHER TUBES," to be as follows:-
:-
The improvements to which this Invention relates consist in forming
spring tube scrapers so that the scraping or cutting edges are removeable
and adjustable, so that any diameter of tube can be scraped by merely
adjusting the scraping edge, which scraping edge is made of various
diameters to suit different sized tubes.
A tube scraper constructed according to my Invention consists of a
4 shaped metal spring with the ends slightly projecting at right
angles. Attached by screws or otherwise to the turned edges of the
✓ spring are semicircular scrapers, which scrapers are made of various
diameters, so that they can be arranged to fit any size of tube.

page_text: The semicircular scraping edges may be attached to the spring by
bolts and nuts or screws.
Attached to the spring and projecting outside and slightly beyond the
scraping edges there may be formed a guard, which serves as a guide
for inserting the scraper into the tube. The other end of the spring is 5
formed with a screw thread, so that it can be screwed and attached to
the ordinary stale or scraper handle, as is well understood.
AN IMPROVED PACKAGE FOR BUTTER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Coey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1873.
I, JAMES COEY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "AN IMPROVED PACKAGE FOR BUTTER," to be as follows, that is to
say-
This Invention has for its object to preserve butter from atmospheric
influences and injury during transit, or when stored or otherwise kept
previous to being used.
The Invention consists in the employment of boxes or cases of sizes
sufficient to contain the butter in the quantities wherein it is usually
sold to consumers, at the same time avoiding the injury (and waste due
to further manipulation between the time when it is packed and when
used, which injurious treatment is inherent to the existing practice
of packing butter in bulk.

page_text: and thereby preserves it. The boxes or cases may or may not be lined
with cloth, which may be moistened with brine to still further keep
the butter cool.
The boxes of cases may be of any required shape, such as circular,
oval, square, or polygonal; the sides being made of thin wood bent to 5
the desired form, the top and bottom being fixed in by pegs.
By means of this Invention the butter may be conveyed in the
moulded or printed shape and ready for being at once placed on the
table.
AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dominique Tamet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1873.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Joseph
Narcisse Gombert, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil
Engineer.
I, DOMINIQUE TAMET, of Saint Mary Axe, in the City of London,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE FOR COMMON ROADS," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved carriage
to be driven by the weight of the person or persons using such carriage
acting on a saddle or saddles instead of by the action of the feet as in
velocipedes, the object being to obtain a motion of the body resembling
that obtained in horse riding.
To carry out my Invention I preferably employ a three wheeled
carriage, the axle connecting the two hind wheels being cranked. The
front wheel is the steering wheel and is provided with handles for
steering the same as in the ordinary velocipede. In the central line of
the vehicle or carriage and about midway between the axes of the front

page_text: and back wheels I provide a vertical rod having a saddle at its upper
end and arranged so that it may have a vertical up-and-down movement
communicated to it. At each side of the rod is a stirrup adjustable at
different heights as required.
The lower end of the vertical rod is jointed to one end of a lever, such
lever moving on a centre or fulcrum and being jointed near its other
end to the crank of the axle of the hind wheels and carrying at its end a
counterweight.
A second vertical rod and saddle may be employed placed behind the
carriage, and is connected to a second crank on the axle by a second
lever similar to that herein-before described. In this arrangement
counterweights are not required.
Seats may be adapted to the improved carriage for carrying other
persons than those working the carriage, or accommodation for goods
may be provided.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT FOR RELIEVING THE PRESSURE IN GAS RETORTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1873.
I, SYDNEY WILKINSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT
FOR RELIEVING THE PRESSURE IN GAS RETORTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to relieve the pressure from the retort
leading into the hydraulic main, also to hermetically seal the end of the
pipe that connects the retort with the said main as soon as the mouth-
piece is taken off the retort. This may be effected by constructing the
hydrant as follows:-Beneath the open end of the hydrant or pipe
before mentioned situated in the hydraulic main I suspend a cup-shape
piece of metal into which water is allowed to enter from the hydraulic
main, thereby sealing the end of the hydrant or pipe. The pressure
from the retort acting on the surface of the water in the aforesaid cup
forces the water out of the said cup, thereby unsealing or uncovering the

page_text: open end of the said hydrant or pipe, and thus relieves the pressure from
the retort; this done, the cup immediately becomes filled again with
water so as to again seal the end of the hydrant or pipe, and so on each
time that the mouth is taken off the retort; the operations of sealing and
unsealing the hydrant or pipe being self acting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE AND OTHER BRICKS OF BLOCKS APPLICABLE TO BUILDING PURPOSES, AND A MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR SUCH PURPOSE WORKED ON THE LEVER PRINCIPLE, AND ARRANGED THROUGHOUT SO AS NOT TO BE COSTLY IN ITS CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1873.
I, HENRY MARTIN, of 13, Surrey Square, Old Kent Road, in the
County of Surrey, Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE AND
OTHER BRICKS OF BLOCKS APPLICABLE TO BUILDING PURPOSES, AND A MACHINE OR
APPARATUS FOR SUCH PURPOSE WORKED ON THE LEVER PRINCIPLE, AND ARRANGED
THROUGHOUT SO AS NOT TO BE COSTLY IN ITS CONSTRUCTION," to be as follows:-
These improvements have reference to a machine which is worked on
the lever principle, by means of which "concrete bricks, blocks, and
tiles," of any size and shape, may be both moulded and compressed.
This machine is also appliable to the moulding and compressing of all
kinds of plastic materials, and capable of producing an article of any
size or shape required. This is accomplished by means of plates working
in fixed iron moulds of any shape required, the lever raising the bricks
out of the mould.

page_text: The best concrete is made by mixing with the refuse material to be
treated Portland cement or selenetic lime in proportions depending upon
the materials to be used up; for example, one in seven of either of these
cements with the refuse for outside courses of bricks exposed to atmos-
pheric action, and about one in nine for inside surfaces.
One of the objects of the Invention has been to give a stimulous to
domestic economy by enabling householders and others to utilize various
kinds of hard refuse produced from their dwellings by adapting it to
building and other purposes. This is the more readily accomplished as
the machine is so constructed as not to require skilled labour to
work it.
Hollow walls may be formed by laying the bricks on edge, two
The great
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
stretchers of 12 × 6 × 3, and one header 9 × 6 × 4.
long wide thick
long wido thick
advantage of this mode of construction is that it saves nearly one-third
of the material, and the walls are rendered more impervious, so that they
are warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Special precaution must
be taken throughout to use only genuine cement or other binding
material in making the concrete.
When I wish to compress the plastic materials in the mould I provide
a moveable metal top to it, which may be caused either to slide into
grooves which keep the metal plate close to the top of the mould, or the
top may be hinged at one side and secured by a bolt on the other side,
or in any other convenient way. When the top is fixed to the mould I
press the lever upwards, and apply in that way any force which may be
desired to the plastic material in the mould. The top is removed and
the compressed block is ejected as before described.
A NEW AND IMPROVED PRESSURE COCK FOR THE PASSAGE OF GAS AND FLUIDS, SELF-SHUTTING OR CLOSING AT WILL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Autier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1873.-A communication from Gustave Falconnier,
residing at 22, Rue Rochechouart, Paris, France, Architect.
I, CHARLES AUTIER, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED
PRESSURE COCK FOR THE PASSAGE OF GAS AND FLUIDS, SELF-SHUTTING OR CLOSING
AT WILL," communicated to me by Gustave Falconnier, a person
resident at 22, Rue Rochechouart, Paris, France, Architect, to be as
follows:-
·-
The Invention relates to a new and improved pressure cock, self-
shutting or closing at will, which may be used as often as gas and
liquids will be submitted to a pressure, and consists in constructing such
pressure cocks by applying the inequality of pressure of gas and liquids
and the inequality of pressure on a piston and a valve connected together.
For this purpose in the said pressure cocks a piston and a valve are
connected together by a straight or bent rod, or often by a simple chain,
the pressures upon the piston and valve being unequal and one opposite
to the other.

page_text: The difference of pressure is obtained by a difference of surface between
the piston and the valve, or by changing the sections of passage of the
liquid or gas.
The self-shutting is made by the piston if the pressure is greater on
the piston than on the valve, the latter acting like a moderator. In
order to open, the piston will be compressed or the valve will be drawn.
Or the self-shutting is made by the valve if the pressure is greater upon
the valve than upon the piston, the latter acting like a moderator. In
this case to open the piston will be drawn and the valve will be
raised.
THE MANUFACTURE OF ▲ NEW OR IMPROVED WOVEN FABRIC, WHICH MAY BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR HAIRCLOTH OR SEATING FOR UPHOLSTERY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mathews at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
August 1873.
I, THOMAS MATHEWS, of Crewkerne, in the County of Somerset, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF
▲ NEW OR IMPROVED WOVEN FABRIC, WHICH MAY BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR
HAIRCLOTH OR SEATING FOR UPHOLSTERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of manufacturing a new or improved woven
fabric, which may be used as a substitute for hair cloth or seating for
upholstery, by weaving in a hand or power loom a thread or cotton weft
through a linen or cotton warp, which fabric so woven closely resembles
bair cloth or seating, which is made as is well known, by weaving horse.
or other hair through a linen warp, I thus dispense with the use of hair,
and produce a fabric which closely imitates horse hair cloth at a much
less cost.
I manufacture my new fabric in a similar manner to hair cloth or
other woven fabric either by hand or power looms.

page_text: I use an ordinary linen warp and weave in a weft of "diamond glacé,”
or other thread or cotton instead of hair.
This material is made in widths varying from 14 inches to 32 inches,
or any other convenient sizes with selvage on each side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manu- FACTURE OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th March 1878.-A communication from abroad by Félicien
Dangoise, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, HERBERT JOHn Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and Company,
Patent Agents, of 67, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manu-
FACTURE OF ENVELOPES," a communication to me from abroad by Félicien
Dangoise, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in furnishing envelopes with an outer cover
or covers, or otherwise forming them of one or more pieces cut, stamped,
shaped, or otherwise formed as desired, and in securing their edges by
means of metal eyelet holes, laces, gum, or other adhesive material, or by
stamping; or in making such edges serrated, perforated, honeycombed,
fluted, and sometimes using adhesive material admixed with coloring
material, so that such envelopes may be more effectually closed than
heretofore, the contents protected, and tampering with a view to opening
easily discernible.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING HEATED AIR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Foster Jaques at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1873.
I, JOHN FOSTER JAQUES, Designer and Modeller, of Rotherham, in the.
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING HEATED AIR,"
to be as follows :—
•
This Invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for
generating heated air as applied to stove grates, cooking ranges, air
stoves, and other warming apparatus, whereby economy of fuel is effected
and a better ventilation is obtained.
In carrying out this Invention I construct that part of the stove
known as the "bottom grate" (which may be made of any desired
configuration or design) with hollow air passages or chambers passing
through it from front to back. These air passages are open at the
front as inlets for the cold air, and they open at the back into an
air chamber provided with suitable outlets for the distribution of the
heated. air; or if preferred the inlets may be at the back, and the air

page_text: carried through to the front, and thence to air chambers formed at the
sides of the stove.
I prefer to make those parts of the hollow grate or air passages that
are in direct contact with the fire with a thin lining of fire-clay or
other equivalent on their inner surface supported by a metal or iron 5
back, but I do not confine myself to the use of fire-clay in all cases.
The use of fire-clay between the hot surface under the action of
the fire, and the heating surface of the back plate, is to prevent tho
formation of any sulphurous exhalation or burnt air.
The cold air in passing through the hollow passages formed in tho 1
bottom grate or bars, which may be arranged to pass through the fire
or under it, as preferred, becomes greatly heated, and may be brought
back into the same or any other apartment, thereby increasing the
temperature and saving fuel.
The constant current of air passing through the hollow air passages 1
0
AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY COWL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roddis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1873.
I, JOHN RODDIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, trading under the Firm of "John Roddis and Company,"
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CHIMNEY COWL," to be as follows:-
My improved cowl is closed at the top but is fitted at the sides with
any equal number of valves, these being by preference two or four in
number, and are so fitted that the valve or valves on the one side is or
are connected by a metal rod or rods with the corresponding valve or
valves on the opposite side, and these said valves being hung or
suspended by loops or hinges are free to open and close as may be
required, and each corresponding or opposite set of valves being
connected by the said rods are acted upon by the atmosphere in such
manner that a storm or current of wind blowing against any one or more
of the said valves close them, but open those other of the said valves on

page_text: the opposite side of the cowl with which they are connected as aforesaid,
and through which the smoke of the chimney is then free to escape.
The normal position of all the said valves will be partly open, and
they will remain so in calm weather, and smoke will thus have free
egress through all of them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EXCAVATING AND FOR RAISING MATERIALS SUCH AS EARTH, PEAT, CLAY, BRICKS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Erskino Bookey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th November 1873.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS ERSKINE BOOKEY, of Derrybane, in the County
of Wicklow, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EXCAVATING AND FOR RAISING MATERIALS
SUCH AS EARTH, PEAT, CLAY, BRICKS, AND THE LIKE," to be as follows:--
My Invention refers to an improved labour saving machine, or to a
combination of improved labour saving machines for excavating earth
and other materials, and for raising same as well as peat, bricks, clay,
marl, gravel, ballast, the solid part of sewage, the like or other materials
to waggons, carts, or other receptacles, and for brick machines or peat
machinery, the said machinery being driven by steam or other power, all
substantially as hereafter described.
The machinery is essentially a "steam navvy," for the primary object
of the Invention is to accomplish by steam power in a convenient and
efficient manner, what has heretofore been done to a very great extent
only by manual labour.

page_text: The Invention consists in mounting upon suitable framework, an
endless travelling frame carrying excavators or other tools, the endless
travelling frame somewhat resembling a "dredging apparatus." Motion
is communicated to the excavators and elevators by gearing driven from
a portable steam engine or other prime mover.
I place the engine below the excavating frame, the position of which
can be adjusted at pleasure by a hoist or lifting apparatus; at the top of
excavator there may be a shoot provided, whereby the material is led to
trucks or other receptacles, or instead of a shoot the material excavated
is received on an endless belt, and so carried off.
I place the whole apparatus on a platform provided with wheels to
run on trams, and so to be brought up to its work, and for this purpose
the fore or hind wheels of the platform may be actuated by gearing, the
waggons or trucks following the machine are both ready to receive the
material from the elevator, and to carry it off as required.
The engine boiler and whole apparatus is pivotted at the fore part on
the platform, and a traversing gear is fitted at the after part or vice
versa, so that the position of the machine may be adjusted as required.
AN IMPROVED SWITCH LOCKING APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Henry Cowins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th September 1873.
I, RICHARD HENRY COWINS, of Bishopwearmouth, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SWITCH LOCKING APPARATUS," to be as follows:―
The object of this Invention is to effect a perfect and certain locking
of railway points by a simple and inexpensive method, the locking appa-
ratus being so arranged that the points must be worked under the
immediate eye of the pointsman.
In carrying out my Invention I make use of the points as at present
employed. To the end of each point is rivetted or otherwise securely
attached a bolt having at its opposite end a slot, and which bolts project
through holes in the main rails.
The locking is effected by direct action in combination with the point
signal and the distant signal worked from the signal box. The signal
wires or rods are connected with a lever which actuates a sliding bar

page_text: fitted outside each main rail. One of these bars is intended to enter the
slot in one of the bolts attached to the end of the points, while the other
bar will be pushed forward and close the hole in the main rail, thus pre-
venting the bolt on the end of the other point from entering the hole.
It will thus be seen that the points will become effectually locked.
If under any circumstances the points should not be thrust home, the
sliding bars will not be able to enter into their proper places, and the
signal will not therefore work properly.
The attention of the pointsman will thereby be called to the points,
and he will at once proceed to rectify any error.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1878.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, of Newchurch, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to steam generators or steam boilers, and consists
in the first place in the employment of water or fluid to convey heat
from the furnace or furnaces to the steam contained in the steam
generator in the following manner :-I arrange a tubular coil or coils or
combination of tubes within a suitable furnace, and I cause the said coil
or coils or tubes to communicate with a coil or with coils or with an
arrangement of tubes situated within the generator, and outwardly
exposed to the steam contained therein. I fill or partly fill the said
coils or combination of tubes with water, and I close any opening or
openings which there may be in the said coils or tubes in a steam-tight
manner, the arrangement being such as that the water becomes highly.
heated and circulates through the said coils or combination of tubes to

page_text: and from the steam generator, imparting in its progress heat to the steam
in the said generator, and thereby drying and superheating the said
steam. In order to allow for the expansion of the water contained in
the coils or tubes I provide an expansion tube or two or more expansion
tubes situated above the coils or combinations of tubes and placed in |
communication therewith. In some cases I may arrange the said coils
or tubes in a flue or chamber into which the hot gases from the furnace
or furnaces flow after leaving the generator.
A second part of my Invention consists in sustaining a number of
tubes or bars of metal in the steam space above the water in the 1
generator; I have found the addition of such tubes or bars to reduce the
consumption of fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE RAFTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Macdonald Cameron at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd May 1878.
I, WILLIAM MACDONALD CAMERON, of 31, Lombard Street, in the
City of London, Financial Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE RAFTS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention has for its object the construction of life rafts in such a
manner as to admit of their folding together and occupying a small space
on board of ship, when not required for use, and of their being readily
opened out to serve as a raft in a distended form.
For this purpose the raft is constructed of longitudinal partitions of
wood or other suitable material, which form the frame or skeleton of the
structure, such partitions being connected together by means of a water-
proof material, which is flexible and so arranged as to fold inwards, so
that when folded together for stowage the width of the structure shall be
represented by the collective thickness of the partitions, and the foldings
of waterproof material.

page_text: The structure when distended to form a raft will be composed of
pontoons or chambers, formed by the partitions for their sides, and the
flexible waterproof material for their top and bottom, and in the upper
part of these pontoons or chambers there are valves opening inwards, so
as to cause by the action of pulling the partitions apart an inflation and
distention of the pootoons and structure. When the structure is opened
the said valves may be screwed or fastened down to secure their being
water-tight. The centre partition may be deepened and arranged to
form a keel.
Wells or open recesses may be formed on each side of the central ]
partition, with a bottom of strong netting to serve as a refuge for
passengers, or the bottoms of such wells or recesses may be made of
more rigid material, perforated and adapted to turn up or down for
folding as required.
In order to give rigidity to the raft when distended one or more rule 1
joint stretchers is or are adapted to lie lengthwise when the structure is
folded, and to act as stiffeners when pulled out. There are also
staunchions with hinge joints adapted to lie horizontally when the raft is
folded up, but to stand upright when the raft is distended, and with
lanyards or life lines and netting to form a kind of bulwark on the 2
outside of the raft.
By the above described mode of construction is formed a life raft
capable of being folded together so as to be compact for stowage, and of
being readily opened, inflated, and distended, and form a buoyant life
raft when required for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATMENT OF SULPHUR ORES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Angus Croll and David Oroll
Dalgairns, both of No. 10, Coleman Street, in the Oity of London,
Civil Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATMENT OF SULPHUR ORES."
THE
Sealed the 27th January 1874, and dated the 1st August 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Angus Croll
and David Croll Dalgairns at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st August 1878.
We, ALEXANDER ANGUS OROLL and DAVID OROLL DALGAIRNS, both
of No. 10, Coleman Street, in the Oity of London, Civil Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF SULPHUR ORES," to be as follows :—
Sulphur ore as it is found is largely combined with lime, silica, and
ather foreign matters, and by the process generally adopted for its

page_text: separation by heat not only is a very large per centage of the pure
sulphur lost, but very injurious effects are produced on surrounding
vegetation by the escape of the noxious volatile products, or in the
adoption of expensive processes to prevent such escape considerable cost
is incurred.
The method generally adopted of treating sulphur ores is to throw the
sulphur into what is termed in Sicily a "calcherone," and which is
simply a large brick or stone furnace.. Into this furnace the sulphur
ore is placed and then set on fire. The fire slowly takes effect and the
heat generated permeates through the whole mass. The sulphur
becoming melted runs down into suitable channels, and thence to
moulds or receptacles provided to receive it. This operation is continued
till by the roasting process the whole of the sulphur is melted and
run off.
This method of operating not only destroys a large quantity of
valuable mineral, but it also generates a large quantity of sulphurous
acid by which the surrounding air is contaminated, and injury is done to
animal and vegetable life.
The object of the Invention is to remedy these evils by effecting the
desired separation without applying heat to the ore. For this purpose
the portions of sulphur ore mixed with other foreign matters are
first separated from such as may be generally of a purer quality, and
these impurer or mixed parts are then broken in pieces and reduced to a
pulverized state. This is effected by subjecting it first to a breaker
somewhat like an ordinary stone breaker or to other suitable breaking
means, and then reducing it by a Carr's disintegrator or by chilled
rollers or otherwise. The ore thus reduced is then placed with water in
tanks to effect separation. The result of this operation is then run off
into a vat or receiver where it is allowed to subside. Part of the
sulphur rises to the surface and is there skimmed off. The remainder is
then again agitated and when in a state of agitation is allowed to run
into another vat. The foreign matter being heavier than sulphur
remains behind.

page_text: now done to animal and vegetable life, which the use of such heat
produces.
Muriatic or other acid may be employed to combine with the foreign
matters and thence assist their separation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR STRETCHING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blakey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1873.
I, JOHN BLAKEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
STRETCHING BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows :—
The stretcher is intended more especially for lengthening boots or
shoes, but may also be used for stretching other parts, and is as hereafter
described.
I provide a heel plate, which acts as a fulcrum, at the top of which
heel plate is provided a nut; through this is screwed a rod having a
handle at one end and at the other a toe piece, or other form, which
is fitted on to the end of the screw and provided with a ball joint. For
the end of the toe piece I provide different sizes of forms, which by
preference I screw into the end. The forms are made to suit the
varying shapes and sizes of boots and shoes.
Forms for stretching the other parts of boots and shoes are also
provided, which are of different sizes. The heel plate is placed at the

page_text: heel, and inside the boot or shoe, and the toe piece or other form is also
inserted into the boot or shoe. The nut on the screwed rod is then
attached to the heel plate. The screw being turned by the handle forces
the toe piece or other form forward, whereby the boot or shoe is stretched
to the required extent and form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRO- DUCING AN EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT IN THE TUBES OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER SIMILAR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1873.- A communication from abroad by Deborah
Shedd, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRO-
DUCING AN EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT IN THE TUBES OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER
SIMILAR STEAM BOILERS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to a simple contrivance whereby the heat
generated in the furnace of a locomotive or similar steam boiler is caused
to pass equally through all the tubes of the same. Heretofore in these
boilers the heat has been unequally distributed between the lower and
upper tubes, as the former being nearest the fire, afforded readiest
escape for the heat; consequently but a very slight proportion thereof
reached and passed through the upper tubes.

page_text: •
In applying this Invention to a locomotive or similar boiler I place in
front of the openings of each row of boiler tubes in the fire-box a tube
with bent ends which opens into the boiler above and below the boiler
tubes, and which being filled with water and steam will not be destroyed
by the fire. A slight space is left between this tube and the openings of
the boiler tubes. In the case of boilers already in use, and when it is not
practicable or convenient to attach these tubes to the same, I use iron
bars bent at their upper ends; the bent portion of these bars is inserted
into the upper boiler tubes and the said bars extend down below the
bottom tubes in front of the openings in the said tubes, a slight space
being left between the bars and the openings of the tubes as above
described. By this contrivance the heat is distributed equally between
the whole of the boiler tubes, and the entrance of pieces of fuel and
cinders with the heated air into the said tubes is prevented.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HORTICULTURAL BED OR FRAME FOR PRESERVING OR FORCING FRUITS, VEGETABLES, OR FLOWERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Reverend James Edward
Hargreaves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 9th July 1873.
I, The Reverend JAMES EDWARD HARGREAVES, of Derby, in the
County of Derby, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HORTICULTURAL BED OR FRAME FOR PRESERVING
OR FORCING FRUITS, VEGETABLES, OR FLOWERS."
The Invention relates to a novel construction or form of frame or
bed to be employed for preserving or forcing fruits, vegetables, or
flowers, and is designed for domestic or general horticultural purposes,
particularly for growing cucumbers and striking geraniums, verbenas,
and other similar plants.
The improvements consist in the peculiar internal construction of a
circular, square, or polygonal frame supported on feet or stands. The
lower portion of this frame is composed of an inverted cone surrounded
by an outer frame, the sides of which are parallel to the axis of the cone;
such sides form at the top a junction with the inverted base of the cone,
and at the bottom are connected and closed in by a plate through which

page_text: the inverted apex of the cone slightly protrudes. The inverted base of
the cone is also covered in with a plate, thus making the cone and its
surrounding sides two independent spaces. Rising above the cone a
frame is constructed, the base of which is formed by the inverted base of
the cone, and upon which is first placed tan or manure and then soil, the
whole being closed in by a glass cover. The cone is provided with an
inlet and outlet pipe through which hot water is filled into and with-
drawn from the same. The space around the cone is filled with sawdust
or other non-conductor of heat.
When the frame is in use and roots, vegetables, or other horticultural
products are placed in the soil above, hot water is filled into the cone,
the heat or temperature of which is maintained by the combined heat of
a spirit lamp or other flame kept burning underneath the inverted apex
of the cone and the non-conducting material contained in the space
surrounding the cone. The maintained heat of the water in the cone is
thus diffused from its inverted base through the tan and soil contained
in the upper surrounding frame. The warmth of the soil combined
with the salubrity of the atmosphere in the frame under the glass
covering produced by the foregoing means enables roots or other
'vegetable products to be preserved through cold weather, or vegetables,
fruit, or flowers by this means may be cultivated or forced.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilfred Augustus Holden
Thorold at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 10th April 1873.
I, WILFRED AUGUSTUS HOLDEN THOROLD, of Liss, in the County of
Hants, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN DISENGAGING SHIPS'
BOATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus or means to be employed
in disengaging ships' boats.
According to one modification I pivot together two rods or bars,
(kept apart by a spring) at their lower parts and attach them at that
part by a staple to the boat slings. One of these rods has pivotted at
its upper part a movable tongue or retaining piece of a V shape, which
(when the boat is suspended) passes through a ring on the davit lower
block and catches or holds in a slot in the other or movable rod. As
the boat reaches the water the weight being removed the tongue falls

page_text: in the slot in the movable rod and when quite clear is caused to unlock
itself from the ring on the davit block as the spring then forces apart the
two rods and releases it and so disengages the boat, the said apparatus
then falls through an aperture (at other times closed by a sliding poppet)
in the thwart and remains on the bottom of the boat.
According to a second modification I reverse the apparatus, that is
I attach it to the lower block of the davit and attach the ring to the
boat slings.
According to a third modification (a modification of the first
method) I make both the arms movable, and make the tongue double
and attach it to the block ring.
And according to a fourth modification (a combination of the second
and third modifications), I reverse the apparatus and attach the double
tongue to the boat slings.
It will be readily seen that the improved apparatus admits of many
modifications of construction, the principle and mode of action however
in all cases being alike, the tongue falling or rising in the slots and
allowing the spring to thrust apart the rods till clear of the extremity or
extremities thereof and so releasing the boat.