IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.TOR LAMPS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isidore Carlhian and Isidore Corbiere, being Co-
partners, trading as the firm and under the style of Carlhian and
Corbiere, of No. 27, Castle Street, Holborn, in the City of London,
Lamn Manufacturers for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION .left by the said Isidore Carlhian and
Isidore Corbiere at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th June 1855.
We, ISIDORE CARLHIAN and ISIDORE CORBIERE, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR LAMPS" to be as
follows:
First, a mode or modes for preventing the air from entering the oil supply
tube when the plunger or piston is raised above the oil contained in the
resevoir below, thereby preventing the oil from being spurted or forcibly
driven out from the burner by the action of the air. To effect this object, a
resevoir is secured to the underneath part of the plunger or piston, into which
the lower end of the supply tube depends, or by means of an inverted syphon
attached to the lower end of the supply tube, or any other method by which,
when there is oil in the lamp, a portion of the oil will always fill and surround

page_text: the lower end of the supply tube, thereby preventing the air from entering the
tube when the plunger or piston is raised above the level of the oil in the
lamp below..
Secondly, in an improved mode or modes of fixing the burner. This object
is attained by a ring of metal made to revolve around the stems of the burner,
and fix itself to the body of the lamp for securing thereto the burner plate;
or by placing a turn button or turn buttons in such a position, that when the
burner plate is on its seating the turn-button.or. buttons. are moved, embracing
the plate and fixing it to the body of the lamp.
Thirdly, to constructing the pinion. holder and rack guide of one piece of
metal, and so arranging the same, that in case of one or more of the leaves
or teeth of the pinion being broken, the pinion may be easily removed and
restored
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isidore Carlhian and Isidore Corbiere in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISIDORE
CARLHIAN and ISIDORE CORBIERE, being Copartners, trading as the firm and
under the style of Carlhian and Corbiere, of No. 27, Castle Street, Holborn,
in the City of London, Lamp Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Isidore Carlhian and Isidore Corbiere, Hér. special licence that we, the
said Isidore Carlhian and Isidore Corbiere, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Isidore Carlhian and Isidore
Corbiere, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR
LAMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Isidore
Carlhian and Isidore Corbiere, by an instrument in writing under our hands

page_text: and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isidore Corbiere, on behalf of myself
and of the said Isidore Carlhian, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to. the Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in an improved mode or modes for preventing
the air from entering the oil supply tube when the plunger or piston is raised
above the oil contained in the reservoir below, thereby preventing the oil from
being spurted or forcibly driven out from the burner by the action of the air.
Secondly, in an improved mode or modes of fixing the burner to the body
of the lamp in which the supply tube is not in the centre.
.
:
Thirdly, in an improved mode of constructing the pinion holder and rack
guide:
We now proceed to describe the manner in which the aforesaid improve-
ments are carried into effect, premising that where the same letters occur
in the different Figures representing our Invention, they indicate the same
parts in each.
T
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a moderator lamp of the usual construc-
tion, excepting so far as the application of our Invention is shewn.
We carry
into effect our first improvement by attaching a small chamber A, made of tin
plate or other suitable material, to the under surface of the piston or plunger
B, having suitable openings c, c, cut out on the edge; these are to admit oil
into the chamber from the resevoir at the bottom of the body of the lamp.
The tube D is the tube through which the oil flows to supply the burner, and
which is called the supply tube. Instead of leaving the lower end of this tube,
naked or unprotected, we bring the lower end sufficiently through the plunger
to dip into the chamber A, but not to touch the bottom, but at such a distance
to admit of the free passage of the oil from the chamber; the effect is, that
when the lamp is in use, by the action of the piston or plunger pressing on
the oil, the oil flows over and through the. openings.c, c, into the chamber,
surrounding and charging the end of the supply tube, and passes up the tube
in the ordinary way to supply the burner, thereby preventing the admission of
air into the supply tube, which air if admitted causes the oil in the upper

page_text: part of the supply tube and in the burner to be spurted or forcibly driven out
when the pressure commences under the piston. In order that the air under
the piston may escape, a small valve E is placed on the upper surface of the
piston or plunger, opening inwards, and so weighted that the pressure of the
air in its escape will not shut the valve, but when the valve comes into contact
with the oil it immediately closes, preventing the escape of the oil.
Figure 2 is a detached representation of this part of our Invention. We
sometimes adopt the following arrangement:-Instead of attaching the chamber
A to the under part of the piston or plunger, we make the chamber with two ears,
projecting upwards, each having a slot therein, as shewn in Figure 3. On each
side of the supply tube is a projecting pin, as shewn in Figure 4, passing into
the slots of the cars of the chamber; the chamber thus depending on the tube
is at liberty to rise and fall slightly; the advantage of this arrangement being,
that when the piston reaches the bottom of the lamp the chamber is forced
upwards, until the disc of leather at the bottom thereof is brought into contact
with the end of the tube, closing the same, and preventing the tube being
emptied of the oil contained therein. When the piston is wound up for
bringing the lamp again into use the chamber falls, leaving the end of the
tube free for the re-admission of oil. At other times our arrangement is as
follows:-Instead of employing the chamber A, we bend the lower end of the
supply tube D upwards, as shewn in Figure 5, in the form of an inverted syphon,
the end F so turned up will contain oil when the piston or plunger is above
the oil; by this mode the air is prevented entering the supply tube. The valve
E is used in this arrangement as in the preceding one, for the escape of the
air between the upper surface of the oil and the under surface of the piston.
In describing our second improvement of our Invention, we are aware that
other and similar modes have been adopted to our Invention of fixing the
burner on to the body of the lamp, besides the ordinary method of screwing
the burner plate down by small screws, which screws by a little negligence
may slip into the body of the lamp; but, so far as we are acquainted, it has
never been accomplished when the supply tube has not been in the centre of the
lamp. Figure 6 is a sectional view of that portion of the lamp on which the
burner is placed. G, G, shews a channel or groove turned out in the inside of
the neck; one or more grooves are cut from the top leading into the circular
groove or channel. Figure 7 is a ring or collar of metal to be placed around the
burner, and dropping on to the burner plate. This ring or collar has one or
more nibs or studs, corresponding to the grooves leading into the circular
channels; by placing the burner plate on its seating, the ring is placed for the

page_text: nib or nibs to drop down the grooves into the circular channel, and by turning
the same partly round, fasten the burner plate to the body of the lamp.
Another mode we sometimes adopt is shewn in Figure 8, which likewise
represents a section of that part of the lamp on which the burner plate is
seated; a screw, as shewn, is cut inside the neck. A loose ring or collar of
metal, Figure 9, with an external screw made to fit the screw inside the neck,
Figure 8, is placed around the stems of the burner on the plate, and by turning
the loose collar round, screwing it into the neck, fastens the burner plate on
its seat.
Figure 10 represents another of our improvements for effecting the same.
object, and is a planwise view of that portion of the lamp on which the burner'
plate is fixed. H is the inner part of. the neck and plate seating, which must
be sufficiently large, not only for. the burner plate, but also for a turn button
or turn buttons to be placed outside thereof. K, K, are two turn buttons
screwed down on the seating outside the burner plate; by turning partly round
and over the burner plate, as shewn, by one of them, the plate is fixed to the
seating.
Our next improvement consists in a newly constructed pinion holder and
rack guide, as shewn by referring to Figures 11, 12, 13, 14. Figure 11 is a
piece of metal, having an orifice L made through to fit the rack. A hole M is
drilled up the end, of such a size as to allow the pinion to work freely, and at
the same time sufficiently close to the orifice L, in which the rack works, that
the teeth or lever of the pinion work into the teeth of the rack. The hole M
for a short distance down has a screw tapped therein; at the further end of the
hole M is drilled a small hole N, to fit the short end O of the pinion, Figure
12. A bush, Figure 13, has a screw cut on the outside to fit the screwed part
of the hole M, Figure 11; a hole is drilled up the centre thereof to fit the
long end P of the pinion, Figure 12. The mode of putting these together is
obvious; the pinion, Figure 12, is passed forward into the hole M, the short
pivot O into the small hole N, the bush, Figure 13, is slipped over the long
end P of the pinion, Figure 12, before the metal key ring is attached, and
screwed into the opening M up to the shoulder, the whole of which is repre-
sented by Figure 14. By this mode of constructing the pinion holder, the
pinion may be easily removed, if required, and replaced.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, we do not confine ourselves to the precise form and
arrangement of the several parts herein set forth and described, as they may
be varied without departing from the principle of our Invention. It is

page_text: necessary to; state, that we do not claim as our Invention a valve for the
escape of the air under the piston, nor do we claim the application of a ring
or collar to fasten the burner plate on the seat of moderator lamps generally;
but, what we do claim is,-
First, the prevention of air from entering the lower end of the supply tube
by keeping such lower end charged with oil...
Secondly, we claim the modes herein described for fixing the burner to
the body of such lamps, of which the supply tube is not in the centre.
Thirdly, we claim the mode herein described for constructing the rack
guide and pinion holder, for the purpose of. easily removing the pinion if
damaged or otherwise, and replacing it. ni.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isidore Corbiere, have hereunto, for
myself and partner, Isidore. Carlhian, set my hand and seal, this
Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.
ISIDORE CORBIERE. (L.S.).
WILLIAM FARMER.