AN IMPROVED MODE OP MANUFACTURING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Wilkinson, the younger, of Leeds, in the
County of York, Carpet Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED MODE OP MANUFACTURING PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 14th May 1872, and dated the 16th December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Wilkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th December 1871.
I, JOHN WILKINSON, the younger, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect an economy in the manufacture
of pile or terry fabrics. In the manufacture of these fabrics wires are
introduced into the shed for the purpose of forming the terry or rows of
loops. In order to weave two fabrics of this class at the same time in the
loom I so arrange the harness as to work simultaneously and in a

page_text: corresponding manner two sets of warp threads, one set for the upper
fabric and one set for the lower fabric. This harness after opening
simultaneously two sheds for the passage of two shuttles, and the
throwing in of the weft threads, will will at the proper moment open a
central shed for the insertion of the wire therein, and at the next change
of the harness the threads intended to form the terry will be drawn tight
around the wire just inserted, after which the weft threads will secure the
terry loops.
Supposing the Invention to be applied to the manufacture, say, of
tapestry carpets, the harness may consist of four headles and their
accessories; the four headles (say a, b, c, d,) may be arranged in the
following manner:-The headle a will carry two rows of eyes or mails,
the upper row for the top binder thread, and the lower row for the
bottom filling thread. Similarly the headle b will be provided with
two eyes or mails for working respectively the top filling thread and
the bottom binder thread. The third and fourth headles c, d, will each be
furnished with one row of eyes or mails for working respectively the top
and bottom wool or terry threads. Following the stages of the operation
a doubled shed will first be opened by lifting the top filling thread and
the top pile thread, and by depressing the bottom pile thread and the
bottom filling thread. Weft threads having been laid in these sheds, the
headles a, b, will next be caused respectively to lift and depress the top
and bottom binders, and open another double shed, the other warps
being at the same time brought to a central position. When the
shuttles have laid a thread in these sheds, the headles will be caused to
open a central shed by raising the top filling thread, the bottom pile
thread, and the top binder, and by depressing the bottom binder, the top
pile thread, and the bottom filling thread. At this stage the terry wire is
to be introduced, and by the next shift of the headles the bottom pilc
thread will be drawn down over the wire, and the top pile thread will be
drawn up from under the wire ready to be tied by the next weft thread.
The operation will then proceed as before, and thus by the use of one
set of terry wires two terry fabrics may be simultaneously manufactured
face to face in the same loom.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Wilkinson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th June 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WILKINSON, the younger, of Leeds, in the County of York, Carpet
Manufacturer, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year. of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Wilkinson, the younger, Her
special licence that I, the said John Wilkinson, the younger, my
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Wilkinson, the younger, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING PILE
FABRICS," upon the condition - (amongst others) that I, the said John
Wilkinson, the younger, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Wilkinson, the younger, do
hereby declaro the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to effect an economy in the manu-
facture of pile or terry fabrics. In the manufacture of these fabrics
wires are introduced into the "shed" for the purpose of forming the
terry or rows of loons.

page_text: In order to weave two fabrics of this class at the same time in the
loom I so arrange the harness as to work simultaneously and in a corre-
sponding manner two sets of warp threads, one set for the upper fabric
and one set for the lower fabric. This harness after opening simul-
taneously two sheds for the passage of two shuttles, and the throwing in
of the weft threads, will at the proper moment open a central shed for the
insertion of the wire therein, and at the next change of the harness the
threads intended to form the terry will be drawn tight around the wire
just inserted, after which the weft threads will secure the terry loop.
In the accompanying Drawings the Invention is illustrated as applied
to the manufacture of tapestry carpets. Fig. 1, Shect I., is a diagram of
a loom shewing the mode of arranging the woollen and other yarns
employed in the manufacture. Figures 2, 3, and 4, Sheet II., show three
different sheds opened by the harness to admit the weft threads and the
terry wires, and Fig. 5 is a diagram on an enlarged scale shewing the two
fabrics lying face to face as in the loom. -
Fig. 1 shews in position the several warp beams for supplying the yarns
requisite for producing two fabrics, and also the harness for operating the
two sets of warps. A, A', are the beams which carry respectively the
woollen yarns or terry weft for the top and bottom fabrics; B, B¹, are
the beams which carry the stuffer yarns, and C, C¹, are the beams which
carry the binders. The harness consists of four headles which are marked
respectively a, b, c, d, and which are arranged in the following manner :—
The headle a carries two rows of eyes or mails, the upper row for
operating the fine top chain or binder 1, and the lower row for the bottom
stuffer yarn 2. The headle b is provided with two eyes or mails for
working respectively the top stuffer yarn 3, and the fine bottom chain or
binder 4. The third and fourth headles c, d, arc each furnished with one
row of eyes or mails for working respectively the top wool yarn 5, and
the bottom wool yarn 6 for forming the terry loops of the carpets. The
woollen yarns are represented by red and green colours. The stuffer or
filling yarns are coloured blue, and the binders are colored brown.
I will now follow the stages of the operation, reference being had to
Figures 2, 3, and 4. A double shed will first be opened as shewn at
Fig. 2, by lifting the top stuffer yarn 3 and top wool yarn 5, and by
depressing the bottom stuffer yarn 2 and the bottom woollen yarn 6.
Weft threads having been laid in theso sheds the headles a, b, will next
be caused respectively to lift and depress the top and bottom binders

page_text: 1 and 4 and open another double shed, the other warps being at the same
time brought to a central position as shewn at Fig. 3. When the shuttles
have laid a thread in these sheds the headles will be caused to open a
central shed by raising the top stuffer yarn 3, the bottom wool yarn 6,
and the top binder 1, and by depressing the bottom binder 4, the top wool
yarn 5, and the bottom stuffer yarn 2, as shewn at Fig. 4.
At this stage the terry wire is to be introduced as at e, and by the
next shift of the headles the bottom wool yarn will be drawn down over
the wire, and the top wool yarn will be drawn up from under the wire as
shewn at Fig. 2, ready to be tied by the next weft thread. The operation
will then proceed as before, and thus by the use of one set of terry wires
two terry fabrics may be simultaneously manufactured face to face in the
same loom.
In order to separate the fabrics it is only necessary to withdraw the
terry wires when the two fabrics may be wound upon separate beams as
at D, D', Fig. 1.
The fabrics manufactured as above described will in general be what is
known as plain terry, but I do not limit my Invention to the manufacturo
of plain goods.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "An Improved
Mode of Manufacturing Pile Fabrics," and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the manufacture of two
distinct looped pile or terry fabrics at the same time and by one and tho
same operation in the manner and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Wilkinson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of Junc, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
JOHN WILKINSON, JR. (L.S.)
0 Witness to the signature of the said
John Wilkinson, jun'.,
THOMAS TOWNSEND,
Royal Hotel,
Scarborough.