Year: 1899

page_text: I, FREDERICK WILLIAM CUSHING, of 97, Gresham Street, in the County of
London, Secretary to Limited Company, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification No. 24132 of 1897 are described a system and apparatus,
now known as telautograph" for reproducing at a distant receiving station
copies of writings or drawings made at a sending station.
My invention relates to modifications of the apparatus in such a manner as to
simplify it and render it more certain and effective.
On referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings accompanying the Specification No. 24132
1897 it will be seen that there are two induction coils I which perform three func-
tions, that is to say, their secondary coils actuate polarised relays P2 which make
contacts for the escapement magnets 47, their primary coils are in circuit with
polarised relays P¹ which make contacts for the reversing magnets 37, and their
cores act as magnets attracting spring armatures at each end.
It is found in practice that the self induction of the relays seriously affects the
efficiency of the induction coils and necessitates adjustment of the relays so
delicate as to involve considerable practical difficulties
According to my present invention I obviate this objection by dispensing with
one of the spring armatures of each induction coil I, and substituting for it an
appliance which operates as a polarised relay and enables me to dispense entirely
with the relays P¹.
The appliance for this purpose consists of a small permanent magnet mounted
near the projecting end of the core of the induction coil so that according as the
primary current of the induction coil is in the one direction or the other, this
magnet is moved to the one side or the other making the one or the other of two
contacts thus operating as a polarised relay.
Generally in any case where there is an induction coil the primary current of
which has to actuate a polarised relay the appliance above described may be
substituted for the relay, and it may, in conjunction with a single coil and core
without any secondary coil be employed as a polarised relay.
Sometimes an operator who has been sending communications, on leaving the
instrument, neglects to move the switch so as to bring the circuits into condition
for receiving, and consequently the operator at the distant station is unable to
send communications.
I provide against this happening by making the rest for the hand or arm of the
sending operator free to move slightly in opposition to a weight or spring. When
he is operating, his hand or arm resting on it keeps it in one position. but when his
hand and arm are removed it takes another position and thus makes a contact,
which. if the switch has not been moved as it should have been to adapt the

page_text: apparatus for receiving causes a bell to ring or give some signal, either audible or
visible or both which continues in action until the switch is moved, the alarum
circuit being thus opened.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in reiautograph Apparatus.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM CUSILING, of 97, Gresham Street, in the County of
London, Secretary to Limited Company, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
66
In the Specification No. 24132 of 1897 are described a system and apparatus
now known as 'telautograph' " for reproducing at a distant receiving station
copies of writings or drawings made at a sending station.
My invention relates to modifications of the apparatus in such a manner as to
simplify it and render it more certain and effective.
On referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings accompanying the Specification No. 21132
of 1897 it will be seen that there are two induction coils I which perform three func-
tions, that is to say, their secondary coils actuate polarised relays P² which make
contacts for the escapement magnets 47, their primary coils are in circuit with
polarised relays P¹ which make contacts for the reversing magnets 37, and their
cores act as magnets attracting spring armatures at each end.
It is found in practice that the self induction of the relays seriously affects the
efficiency of the induction coils and necessitates adjustment of the relays so
delicate as to involve considerable practical difficulties
According to my present invention I obviate this objection by dispensing with
one of the spring armatures of each induction coil I, and substituting for it an
appliance which operates as a polarised relay and enables me to dispense entirely
with the relays P¹.
The appliance for this purpose is shewn in end view Fig. 1, and side view Fig. 2,
of the accompanying drawings.
It consists of a small permanent magnet mounted near the projecting end b
of the core of the induction coil i.
It is attached to a non-magnetic piece d which is pivotted on a plate e fixed on
the end of the induction coil, and which has an upwardly projecting arm f that
plays between contacts g.
According as the primary current of the induction coil is in the one direction or the
other, the magnet a is moved to the one side or the other making the one or the
other of two contacts g, thus operating as a polarised relay.
Generally in any case where there is an induction coil the primary current of
"which has to actuate a polarised relay the appliance above described may be
substituted for the relay, and it may, in conjunction with a single coil and core
without any secondary coil be employed as a polarised relay.
Sometimes an operator who has been sending communications, on leaving the
telautograph instrument, neglects to move its main switch so as to bring the
circuits into condition for receiving and consequently the operator at the distant
station is unable to send communications.
I provide against this happening by the means shewn in Fig. 3. I make the
rest for the hand or arm of the sending operator free to move slightly in opposi-

page_text: tion to a weight or spring k, and on this rest I fix a contact bracket which is
connected to earth. I provide a contact m above it, which is connected through
a bell or other electric alarm n to either pole of the operating battery when the
main switch is in condition for transmitting being effected. So long as the
operator is transmitting, his hand or arm resting on h keeps it in such position
that there is no contact at m but when his hand and arm are removed the rest
rises and thus makes a contact at m which, if the switch has not been moved 'as
it should have been, to adapt the apparatus for receiving causes the bell n to ring
or some signal to be given either audible or visible or both which continues in
action until the switch is moved cutting out the alarum circuit.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In telautograph apparatus, a polarised relay comprising a pivotted contact
arm having attached to it a horseshoe magnet between the limbs of which a pole
piece projects from the iron core of a coil, substantially as described with reference
to Figs. 1 and 2.
2. In telautograph apparatus, an electric alarum operated when the main switch
is in transmitting condition, but the operator is not transmitting, substantially as
described with reference to Fig. 3.
Dated this 4th day of October 1899.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.