AN IMPROVED MAIZE MASHING MACHINE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Conradi, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square,
"
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of AN IMPROVED MAIZE
MASHING MACHINE." A communication from abroad by William von Sydow,
Proprietor, of Bärfelde, Prussia.
Sealed the 22nd February 1878, and dated the 25th August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Conradi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1877.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED MAIZE MASHING MACHINE." [A communication from
abroad by William von Sydow, Proprietor, of Bärfelde, Prussia.]
The apparatus serves to mash and to mix up the most different substances under
the direct action of the steam, and to reduce into small pieces, or to pulverise at the
same time the materials by means of a milling work.
In the subjoined Drawing Fig. 1 represents a horizontal section; but to show it
more clearly the plan is taken as if it were broken; Fig. 2 is a side view; and
Fig. 3, a transverse section, with partly full view of the apparatus. The latter. con-
sists of the drum A, which contains four or more steam-tight chambers a, b, c, d,
communicating with the boiler by the steam pipe e and the stop valves 1, 2, 3, & 4.
The principal axis B, upon which the apparatus turns, is hollow at f, f',
and joined with the steam pipe e by a stuffing box 5, while two other stuffing
boxes 6, 7, prevent the steam from leaving the apparatus when entered. The
runner h of the milling work e¹ is keyed to the axis B upon which the whole
apparatus turns freely, while it rests on the brackets D and E, independently of the
rotation of the axis B. Through the openings left on the circumference of the
drum A, and which are provided with steam-tight covers, the chambers are filled
with the material to be worked by eventually admitting water, if required, and
after the holes being shut, the material is boiled by using respectively the steam
stop valves.

page_text: In order to manipulate' and to regulate the apparatus properly, each of the com-
partments or chambers is provided with a glass gauge, a spring manometer, which
serves in the meantime as a vacuum meter and thermometer, and also with an air-
cock. Further, each of the chambers communicates with the millwork C by a
three-way cock g, whereby through the proper position of two or more of these
cocks, and consequently through the millwork, the single compartments can be put
in communication with each other. These cocks effect also the emptying of the
chambers or of the millwork. The paste more or less liquid runs off either imme-
diately or is driven by means of steam pressure through a connecting pipe into
a vessel placed above, acting in this case as an monte-jus.
When the apparatus is to be emptied, the compartment which is filled must be
brought into a similar position as chamber a, Fig. 3, so that the three-way cock g
stands at its lowest point. The millwork is provided with four toothed bed plates
i, k, l, m, each of which is placed between two cocks, and can be adjusted from the
outside by means of screw spindles geared by wheels. If two chambers communicate
with the millwork by means of two three-way cocks, the contents of the top
chamber passes through the millwork, and after having been put in motion enters
by its own weight and by the pressure of the steam, in a reduced state in the
bottom compartment. As soon as the top chamber is quite emptied and a more
'extensive grinding of the masses required, the drum is turned so that the compart-
ment now filled takes the highest-position, and its contents is reground, running
then back into the former, or in any of the other compartments. This operation
can be repeated as often as it seems necessary, whereby the respective chambers can
be set alternately in communication with the boiler and millwork, or its communi-
cation can be cut off.
c
The drum revolves by means of the hand wheels n, n', to which axis a screw O is
fastened, which gears into the screw 'wheel p; this arrangement secures also to keep
the drum at any point in a fixed position, when required, even when unequally
loaded. The screw o is prevented from sliding on the axes q by means of an
adjusting screw; as soon as the latter is loosened, the drum can again revolve freely.
In placing a belt on the drum, and by connecting it with a shafting, the drum
can be made to revolve continually in order to mix up more completely the
materials contained in the compartments, or to clean the apparatus by washing the
.
same.
The new features of the apparatus on which the claims are based consist
therefore,―.
In the construction of an improved drum of a steam and fine mashing machine,
provided with several single chambers or compartments of which each can be
brought in communication with the other.
In the arrangement of a steam and fine mashing apparatus consisting of chambers
or compartments revolving upon a common axis.
In the manner in which a mill is placed concentrical' to the drum, working the
mash under steam pressure independently of the motion of the drum, and putting
it from one chamber into another as often as required.
And, finally, emptying the respective chambers or compartments;. in the mixing
and boiling of the different substances at the same time in the different compart-
ments, according to requirements; in the preparation of fodder by means of the
described apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Conradi in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
February 1878.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED MAIZE MASHING MACHINE." A communication from
abroad by William von Sydow, Proprietor, of Bärfelde, Prussia.
The apparatus serves to mash and to mix up the most different substances under
the direct action of the steam, and to reduce into small pieces, or to grind or
pulverise at the same time the materials by means of a mill.
The mill consists of the drum A, which contains four or more steam-tight
chambers a, b, c, d, communicating with the boiler by the steam pipe e, and the
stop valves 1, 2, 3, 4.
The
The principal axle or shaft B upon which the apparatus turns, is hollow at f, f',
and joined with the steam pipe e by a stuffing box 5, while two other stuffing
boxes 6, 7, prevent the steam from leaving the apparatus. when entered.
runner of the mill C₁ is keyed to the axle or shaft B, upon which the whole
apparatus turns freely, while it rests on the brackets D) and E, independently of the
rotation of the shaft B. The chambers are filled through the man-holes on the
drum. The material is then boiled, by using respectively the steam stop valves,
through which the steam, after having passed the pipe e, enters the respective
compartments according to requirements. The steam can also be shut off by the
same.
The apparatus is also provided with the necessary gauges and manometers.
Each of the chambers communicates with the mill by a three-way cock g, whereby
through the position of two or more of these cocks, and consequently through the
mill, the single compartments can be put in communication with each other. Those
cocks effect also the emptying of the chambers of the mill. The paste runs off,
either immediately or is driven by means of steain pressure through a connecting
pipe into a vessel placed above, acting then as a monte-jus.
When the apparatus is to be emptied, the compartment which is filled must be
brought into a similar position as chamber a, Fig. 3, so that the three-way cock g
stands at its lowest point. The mill is provided with four teethed bed plates i, h,
l, m, each of which is placed between two cocks, and can be adjusted from the out-
side by means of screw spindles, geared by wheels. If two chambers communicate
with the mill, by means of two three-way cocks, the contents of the top chambers
passes through the mill; and after having been put in motion enters by its own
weight and by the pressure of the steam, in a reduced state or as a more or less
liquid paste, in the bottom compartment. If required the material can be reground.
The drum revolves by means of the hand wheels n, n, while the screw o and
screw wheel p serve to keep the drum steady at any point, even when unequally
loaded.
The main shaft or principle axle B can either be carried entirely through the
whole apparatus, or be made in two or several pieces.
The improvements upon which the claims are based principally consist in,―
The drum provided with chambers into which the steam can be driven, or shut
off from, according to the operations to be performed..
In the arrangement by which those chambers or compartments can be made to
communicate with each other.
In the disposition to revolve upon a common shaft.
In the arrangement of providing the apparatus with a mill fixed to the drum.
In the manner in which the mill is placed concentrically to the drum.
In the arrangement of working the mash under steam pressure, independently of
the notion of the drum, and driving, pushing, or shifting the mash from one
chamber into another, as often as required.

page_text: And, finally, in the arrangement of emptying the respective chambers or compart-
ments; in the mixing and boiling of the different substances at the same time
in the different compartments; in the arrangement of the preparation of fodder.
APPLICATIONS OF THE APPARATUS.
The apparatus will find its application in all those branches of manufacture
where either mixture of different materials, or the working of each substance by
itself may be required, also where a preparatory or complete boiling of the mixed or
of each single substance becomes necessary. In the first instance for agricultural
purposes, for farms, etc., for,-
I. The Mixture of Fodder.-These mixtures made of different kinds of raw
products have always been made in an incomplete state, so that never an homo-
geneous intimate compound could be obtained. The particles have always been
more or less mixed, minced, without the whole material being properly worked
through. This apparatus is especially designed to supply the want by producing,
without or with the assistance of steam, a well mixed compound paste of different
degrees, according to requirements and raw products employed to form the
requisite fodder, either for immediate use or preserves.
The four compartments into which the drum is divided, and each of which can,
according to requirements, be set in communication with the mill, allows to treat
each of the different substances separately, and according to its character, as the
different materials require different degrees of grinding, trituration, temperature,
and different periods of time for boiling and transformation. If, for example,
Hungarian maize shall become mixed with beans, peas, or potatoes, and meat finely
chopped or minced, the operation will begin by charging one chamber with the
required quantity of maize and water. This done, the maize will be stewed by
sending it through the mill, in the next compartment, and repeating this operation
until a liquid paste is produced. While this operation is going on another compart-
ment is filled with beans or peas and water, which are there stewed, ground, and
then so long worked and mixed up into the maize paste until the requisite com-
pound mixture is produced. With this, three chambers are at work, while during
the operation is performed in the three compartments the fourth chamber becomes
charged with potatoes; those are stewed during this time, and then discharged
into the former mixture, while the whole compound becoming then so long well
worked together, till it has arrived at its proper conditions. After this compound
is well made up one of the compartments rests empty, becomes free of steam by
shutting the steam off, and is recharged with the mince meat, which is itself mixed
with some salts, as phosphate of lime or others. The mixture of minced meat is
then stewed, and becomes worked into the former compound mixture.
In the case where preserves from the fresh prepared compounds shall be made,
the necessary quantity is left in the compartment and a fresh addition of compound
mixture made. So can to a mixture of maize, beans, peas, or potatoes, and mixed
meat be proportionately added, bran, germs of malt, oil cake powder, and minced
meat, and the whole mixture, after being properly worked and steamed, can' be
formed into a fibrous paste similar to that of maccaroni, and in this form can be
put in dry chambers. The apparatus has therefore to be applied in each farm where
steam power is at work, and also especially in those preparing the different fodder
ímixtures.
The apparatus is further to be applied usefully in,-
II. Distilleries.-Considering that potato mash, mixed with maize, produces, 1, a
better fermentation; that 2, the paste prepared with it becomes a more nutritive
fodder; and that 3, a great economy in potatoes and a more prolonged operation is
obtained, the distillers searched means to be enabled to utilise the maize better by
working it in a more complete manner, as it is now the case. This proposed end is
obtained by the application of the apparatus, as will be explained by following the

page_text: present mode of operation and showing the mode of application of the apparatus, as
also its use and results obtained by it,-
1. At present the maize is ground very fine, mashed, boiled for a long time, or
is mixed with the sacharizing potatoe mashes, without being boiled.
The grinding
requires an enormous power; the boiling taking a long time, requires a considerable
amount of steam, and by other methods of operation the sacharizing becomes
most 'incomplete.
2. The maize is further treated by boiling or stewing it for hours, either ground
or in its entire state, in the different well-known steaming apparatus, and this
under a pressure of several atmospheres; it is stirred up during the operation by
mechanical stirrers or other similar grinding apparatus in the steaming chamber
itself, or after having left it, or in the mash tun.
Now all raw products used for the preparation of mash become dark coloured
if they are exposed for a long time to a pressure of two or three atmospheres.
Experience has proved that the dark coloured mashes ferment with greater
difficulty, and in a less complete state, than light coloured ones, which may be effected
either by the caramel or by the. transformation of the proteïn stuff in the cells of
the raw products. The light coloured maize mashes produce always, by fermenting,
a liquid maize oil, which does not occur with the dark coloured mashes. The light
coloured maize mashes consumed as fodder in a state of more or less liquid paste, is,
as experience shows, preferred by the cattle to the dark one, and gives a. greater
production of milk. The conclusion is that the maize oil must undergo a change, by
the maize being exposed for a longer time to a high pressure, rendering it to a less
degree assimilable, as it is with the light coloured mashes, and its molecular adhesion
seems to be less.
The present apparatus, as before described, and represented in the accompanying
Drawings, has for its object to transform the maize used for the preparation of the
mash into a homogeneous liquid light coloured paste, free of grit, by mixing it with
the required quantity of water under a low pressure of steam of 1 atmosphere, and
by passing it several times through the mill."
In the case of going manufacturing concerns and plants already laid out, for
stewing the maize the present apparatus could be used in the above described way
as a preparatory one, but it can in the meantime be used to work the potatoes. In
the latter case the number of the compartments can be increased, according to the
amount of maize to be used. Had the maize been ground and prepared in one of the
compartments, the other compartments would have been used during this time to
prepare and to stew the potatoes. The potatoes are then driven from compartiment
to compartment into the maize mash, till the whole mash is entirely homogeneous.
It is then either blown out into the fore mash tun to undergo the process of
sacharizing, or this process could also be carried out directly in the apparatus itself,
thus saving the fore mash tun. In the latter case by shutting the steam off from
the apparatus, and by adding cold water and some small portion of malt a more
liquid mash is produced until the temperature for the process of sacharizing has been
lowered to seventy degrees Celsius (70° C.)..
The process itself through the addition of the malt, by working and keeping the
apparatus at rest alternately, has become complete. The mass is then let off in the
cooling apparatus or cooler. If the addition of water is not sufficient to lower the
temperature more or less quick to 70 degrees, according to the more or less sub-
stantial kind of maslı required, there is either ice to be added, or double-sided
compartments for the circulation of water to be constructed. The apparatus is also
to be applied with advantage for the preparation of mash from rice and other cereals
and fruits.
Further applications of the apparatus are,-
III. For breweries particularly if rice and maize are employed as ingredients
for the extraction of the worts.
The apparatus will further be found useful,-
IV. For the manufacture of starch, especially if it is to be prepared from maize

page_text: wheat, rice, or potatoes. The apparatus provided with the appropriate mill serves
to separate the husks and cells or the cellulose from the squeezed material; where
potatoes are used it serves to work the pulp, which is washed beforehand, and
further to extract by a further wash the remaining amylon corns from the cellulose.
Another application of the masher will be,-
V. The dye works, where it will be used for the extraction and mixing of
colours.
Another large field for its application will be found in,-
VI. The Manufacture of Paper-It there serves to mix and prepare the cellulose,
the colours, and other materials for paper and cardboards, also for other mashing and
mixing operations.
VII. The manufacture of soap is another branch in which the apparatus finds its
application for mixing the required materials for the preparation of the different
kind of soaps, as tannin, salicylin, xyloid, water, glass, transparent, etc.
Another somewhat new branch, but which has become lately extensive, and where
the masher will serve most usefully is,-
VIII. The Manufacture of Preserved Meat.-There the apparatus will be applied
to the preparation of meat extracts, gelatine, glue, varnish, bone dust, artificial
manure, and other similar purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Conradi, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord Oné
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
H CONRADI (TO)