PORTABLE APPARATUS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR RIVETTING, CAULKING, CHIPPING, AND OTHERWISE OPERATING UPON AND TREATING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John M Farlane Gray, of No. 80, Prince Edwin
Street, Liverpool, Engineer, for the Invention of "PORTABLE APPARATUS
OR INSTRUMENTS FOR RIVETTING, CAULKING, CHIPPING, AND OTHERWISE
OPERATING UPON AND TREATING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 9th October 1868, and dated the 1st May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John McFarlane Gray
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
1st May 1863.
J, JOHN MCFARLANE GRAY, of No. 80, Prince Edwin Street, Liverpool,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PORTABLE
APPARATUS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR RIVETTING, CAULKING, CHIPPING, AND OTHERWISE
OPERATING UPON AND TREATING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to bo as
follows:-
The apparatus or instruments consist of a cylinder or tube of any convenient
size, having suitable passages and pipes projecting therefrom for the admission
and escape of steam, compressed air, water, or other means of communicating
pressure, and have also a handle or handles or means of supporting the
apparatus when at work. The one end of the cylinder or tube may be closed
with a screw plug or cover, and the other end of the tube may be fitted with
a gland or other arrangement for containing the tool head or tool holder (or
the rivetting or other tool), and which whilst free to move in and out may be
brought back or held in proper position by a spring; the inner end of the tool
head should be sufficiently reduced in diameter to admit of its being "burred
up" by repeated blows without injury to the tube or the gland in which it
Within the tube is an accurately fitted bolt, piston, or plunger

page_text: capable of traversing back and forth upon the admission or escap of the
steam in either direction. The steam being admitted behind the striking
piston or plunger projects it forward with considerable force against the tool
head or holder.
A slide or other form of valve may be applied to either the exhaust passage
alone or to both the admission and exhaust passages. The valve may be
worked by a thumb piece or lever, either alone or aided by a spring, or may
be operated self-actingly at each stroke of the piston. On the return stroke
of the piston or striker a cushion of steam (or air) receives the blow.
For rivetting rows of holes and rivets at regular intervals a stud, hook, or
spring guage pin may be fitted so as to project in front of the machine, and
assist in supporting as well as in guiding the apparatus whilst in use. A
hammer head, rivet tool, chipping or caulking chisel, or other instrument may
be applied and fitted so as to receive the blow of the traversing bolt, piston,
or striker.
Steam for working the apparatus may be generated in a small boiler con-
nected with or forming part of the portable forge or hearth employed for
heating rivets or other similar purpose, and the connection between the steam
pipe of the boiler and the apparatus should be by a flexible tube or pipe, and
the boiler may be fed by a Giffards' injector.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John McFarlano Gray in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 81st October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MCFARLANE GRAY, of No. 80, Prince Edwin Street, Liverpool, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Iler heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John McFarlane Gray, 1er special license that I, the said John
McFarlane Gray, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John McFarlane Gray, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention

page_text: for "PORTABLE APPARATUS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR RIVETTING, CAULKING, CHIPPING,
AND OTHERWISE OPERATING UPON AND TREATING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said John McFarlane Gray,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John McFarlane Gray, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, and on reference to the accompanying three Sheets
of Drawings, that is to say :-
The nature of my Invention consists in improvements in impact machines,
whether the same be used for rivetting, caulking, chipping, or for otherwise
operating upon and treating metals and other substances; and by otherwise
operating upon any material, I mean, doing any description of impact work to
which my Invention can be applied, these operations embracing, amongst
others, quarrying, mining, tunneling, forging, stone dressing, ore stamping, and
gold beating.
These improvements are intended, firstly, to lessen the bulk and weight of
such machines, and to render them more applicable to certain descriptions of
work. Steam hammers have been heretofore designed for and applied to
several of the purposes contemplated in my Invention; but in those machines
the steam piston, which is inside of the cylinder, is connected by a piston rod
to a hammer head or striking part, which is outside of the cylinder, and the
piston and the hammer head do each travel through the same distance at the
same time.
Now, in machines constructed according to my Invention, the hammer lead
or striking part is fitted in the cylinder, so as to form a loose end thereof, or
an end not rigidly connected therewith, and it is not connected to the piston.
The piston is itself an independent bolt or hammer of suitable weight tra-
versing back and forth, shuttle-like, in the cylinder, and communicating its
force to the hammer head by impact within the cylinder. By this arrange-
ment the hammer head is almost stationary, and therefore the length of the
machine is much reduced, and the hammer head can be kept in contact with
the material to be operated upon, which is an advantage in certain kinds of
work. This loose end of the cylinder may be either a "hammer head," or

page_text: "tool head," or "tool holder," or a "swage," or other tool, and will be herein-
after referred to under the name of "tool head."
Secondly, to provide improved modes whereby the slide valves of impact
machines, when applied to the purpose herein-before referred to, may be
operated self-actingly at each stroke of the piston, such modes consisting of
the, firstly, an arrangement of inside tappets; secondly, of an arrangement
whereby the slide valve is moved in one direction by an inside tappet, and in
the other direction by the direct action of steam and piston connected with or
forming a part of the slide valve; and, thirdly, of an arrangement whereby
the slide valve is moved in both directions by the direct action of steam upon
pistons connected with or forming parts of the slide valves, or communicating
motion thereto.
Thirdly, to adapt such impact machines to the operations of rivetting
required in the construction of iron ships, bridges, and other uses by fitting
them with suitable contrivances for attaching, disconnecting, and holding up,
so as to constitute efficient portable rivetting machines.
Fourthly, to adapt such impact machines to the operation of chipping,
caulking, planishing copper pipes, thinning the edges of copper plates, and to
adapt it to be used as a portable steam hammer. These adaptations are
herein-after described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly, to provide a convenient portable boiler and rivet hearth by com-
bining in one apparatus the boiler, the rivet hearth, a furnace common to
both, and a feed injector.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
the manner of performing the same, reference being had to the accompanying
three Sheets of Drawings, and to the figures and letters thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
These Drawings are lettered according to the accompanying alphabets of
reference, and the same letters refer to the corresponding parts in all the
Figures.
In Sheet No. 1, Figuro 1 is a plan of one of my portable rivetters, showing
the outside of the steam cylinder, and a section of the parts for connecting,
disconnecting, an holding up. This machine is designed for rivetting rows
of holes at regular intervals in positions where the bolster and riveter cannot

page_text: of the plate, and be there attached by the ratchet y and pall x to the spring
box Q, which by the spring X presses on the dolly bar M, which bends on
the head of the rivet, so that the spring guage pin K ties the rivetting cylinder
to its work, and at the same time binds the dolly bar or bolster upon the rivet
head, and thereby constitutes an efficient mechanical holder up or spring
dolly. The same machine is also represented by Figures 35, 36, 37, on Sheet
No. 3. These Figures are drawn to a smaller scale than those on Sheet No. 1.
Figure 36 is the same view as is given by Figure 1, but there is now no
part in section, it is a plan of the "locking machine" as applied to a hori-
zontal row of flush riveting; Figures 35 and 37 are side views of the same.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The steam or other propelling
fluid is conveyed to the machine by a flexible pipe, which is connected to the
nozzle n, Figure 1. The rivetting cylinder A is suspended by a lanyard to
case the operator in shifting the machine, but when it is in action the front
end is supported by the guage pin K, and the operator carries the rest of the
weight by the handles U. There is one attendant at the rivetting cylinder
and another at the spring dolly. The cylinder being suspended, as aforesaid, the
attendant by the handles U or V guides the guage pin K into an adjacent
rivet hole. If the guage pin requires to be adjusted it is done by turning the
crank S, which is fixed to the hollow screw by the washer fixed on the
pin t keeps the screw in its place by acting on an internal collar on 7. The
rivetting cylinder being now pushed up to the plate until the shoulder on K
is in contact with the plate, the attendant at the handles U guides the cylinder
fair with the hole to be rivetted. The attendant at the spring dolly enters the
guide head L on the guage pin K, the rivet is then inserted, and the spring
dolly is pushed forcibly along K, the dolly bar M strikes the rivet head, drives
it home, and at the same time is itself forced into the spring box Q, thereby
compressing still further the spring X, and when the spring X is at the
greatest compression the spring causes the pall to fall into gear with the
ratchet y. The attendant at the rivetting cylinder now admits steam by pulling
the finger ring Z, which is connected by a cord to the lever L on the stop
valve spindle k', the piston hammer then delivers a succession of impacts on
the tool head C, which clinches the rivet.
In these Drawings the dolly is shown without the extra compression on the
spring; when rivetting the spring box is pushed further up on K, and the
attendant has then only to keep the dolly fair on the rivet head, and the strain
of holding up is entirely borne by the spring guage pin K. When the
clenching of the rivet is finished the attendant at the dolly releases the pall.
by means of the lever w, and the spring dolly is then drawn off the guago

page_text: pin K. The attendant at the rivetting cylinder shifts the cylinder to the nex
hole, and the same operations are again repeated.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 25, arc sections and views of another form of my
machine, which I call "the coupled rivetting machine." It is designed for
rivetting ships' frames before they are erected, and for similar work, and is
intended to be used in a vertical position. Figure 3 is a front view of this
machine with the stop valve box P in section; Figure 2 is a longitudinal
section taken through the centre of the whole machine, and is intended to
show the construction of the slide valve F, and the manner in which the slide
valve is operated, also the form of the piston B and of tho tool-head C;
Figure 4 is a cross section through the stop valve box P; Figure 5 is a cross
section through d, the exhaust chamber of the slide valve box R. This
coupled rivetting machine is similar in action to the locking rivetting machino
that has already been described; but a permanent stay is here substituted
for the locking connection afforded by the guage pin K in Figure 1.
k
The mode of its operation is as follows:-In Figure 3 F is a piston slide
valve, it is shown in its middle position, which position it will occupy when the
piston B is just about to strike the tool head C, as shown in the Figure; the
piston is there represented as having passed the port e in the cylinder, and
therefore the steam which has been propelling the piston can now act upon f
the piston of the slide valve, and thereby the slide valve F is moved towards
the exhaust pipe 1. In the slide valve box R the recessed portion lettered b
is the steam inlet chamber, and the passage from the stop valve thereto is
shown in section by b, b, in Figure 4. The recessed portion lettered c is per-
manently open to the pipe E. and by it to the back end of the cylinder.
During the forward travel of the piston B the slide valve F was close to the
stuffing box T; the port a, which is the steam port for the front end of the
cylinder, was then open to the exhaust pipe I, and the steam inlet chamber b
was open to the back port chamber c, and through it and the pipo E to the
back end of the cylinder at D. The steam acting upon the piston f moves the
slido valve until it is stopped by the exhaust pipe socket S; in this position
the steam chamber will have an opening to the chamber of the port a,
through a groove in the slide valve at the pin h, and steam will thereby be
admitted to the front side of the piston B; in this position also the chamber c,
and therefore also the back end of the cylinder, will then be open to the
exhaust chamber d, and through the slots 7 to the inside of the slide valve F,
and to the exhaust pipe I. There being then in this manner steam pressure
on the front of the hammer piston 13, and a free exhaust behind it, the piston
will move towards D, the back end of the cylinder, but at some distance from

page_text: that end, the piston comes into contact with an inside tappet lever G, for which
a recess is provided in the side of the cylinder, and the piston in passing pushes
the tappet lever into this recess. Now, the inside tappet lever G forms a bell
crank with the outside crank H, which crank II gears into a slot in the slide
valve spindle, and when the inside tappet lever G is moved by the piston, the
outside crank H moves the slide valve spindle V, and with it the slide valve F
moves towards the stuffing box T, and the action of the steam passages are
thereby reversed, and the steam now acting on the back end of the piston
changes the backward motion again into an onward motion before the piston
has come into contact with D, the end of the cylinder.
I have thus described how the slide valve F' is moved in one direction by the
direct pressure of steam upon a piston f, which piston f moves with the slide
valve E; also how the steam is admitted to f when the hammer piston B has
passed over and uncovered the port e in the cylinder; and how the slide valve
is moved in the opposite direction by the hanumer piston B moving the inside
tappet lever G, which being connected with the crank II, by it moves the valvo
spindle Y, and thereby the slide valve itself.
I have now to describe several of the other details shown in these Figures.
The point of the pin fits into the steam groove above referred to, and regu-
lates the amount of opening for the steam on the backward travel of the
piston B, and thereby affects the rapidity of the blows without altering the
force of the advance stroke. The back end of the hammer piston B is curved
at e' to lessen the shock of the impact on the inside tappet G. The pipe E is
the steam way or steam port to the back end of the cylinder, and may be cast
in one piece with the cylinder, or made of a separate tube, as shown in the
Figure. The tool head C is hollow to give length with lightness; three grooves
are shown on it towards the inner end, they are for steam-tight packing. I
use either steel rings or hemp packing in these grooves. The tool head in
Figure 1 is of similar construction; but where the locking machine has to
work downwards, the tool-head should be similar to that shown on Figure 10,
and to be herein-after described. The front end of the body of the hammer
piston B has longitudinal channels extending so far back upon the piston that
when the piston advances, following the tool head, the body of the piston will
not shut the port a. These channels are introduced to preserve the length of
bearing of the piston in the bore of the cylinder. In the modification shown
in Figure 6, to be hervin-after described, these channels are unnecessary. By
removing the pin Z when the piston is at the front of the cylinder, the crank
II can be turned out of the slot Z and clear of the slide valve spindle Y, and
by removing the exhaust pipe sacket S, the slide valve can then be withdrawn

page_text: and disconnected from the valve spindle, if necessary. Figure 3 contains a sec-
tional view of the stop valve; it is a small grid valve with a spring to keep it
on the face, and a spiral spring in the box j to make it self-shutting. Figure 25
is a Drawing of the same machine to a smaller scale; it shows a cord leading
from the lever to the finger ring Z. The attendant at the handles O admits
steam by pulling tho ring Z. U is a handle on the under side of the rivetting
cylinder; an attendant at U guides the tool head fair on the point of the
rivet. The upper part of this machine is the spring dolly box Q; its action is
similar to that of the locking machine already described; but in the coupled
machine shown in Figure 8 the attendant at the upper handles O applies his
own weight to assist the dolly.
Figure 6 shows a modification of the coupled machine, and is the form I
prefer for all such machines. By referring to Figure 2 it will be seen that
the distance between the dolly bolster and the tool head C is normally suffi-
cient to admit the rivet between them, and the tool head C in acting upon the
rivet point has to come out of the cylinder as much as the sum of the clearance,
the compression of the rivet, and the recession of the dolly into the spring box;
and moreover, as the tool head is not held close to the rivet point, the point
of the rivet sometimes gets bent with the blows. Now, in Figure 6, I have
represented a coupled machine with a locking spring dolly, designed to remove
this difficulty, and the nature of its operation is as follows:-Figure 6 is a
vertical section showing this arrangement, and Figure 7 is a plan of the
bandles O, also in section. The dolly M is continued as a square pin through
the cap N. The square pin has on one side a ratchet notch y, and when the
attendant applies his weight to the handles O, the dolly spring X is compressed,
and the handles O descend when the detent pall x is forced by the spring v
into the notch y, and locks the spring dolly in the position of greatest com-
pression, and it is only while it is thus locked that there is sufficient space
between the dolly and the rivetter for admitting a rivet. When the hot rivet
has been put into its hole, the attendant standing on the plates and holding
the handles 0, 0, by them lifts the machine and places the dolly bolster upon
the head of the rivet that has just been inserted. The handles 0, 0, are strewed
on to bosses on the cap N. The handle containing the pall can be turned
round in its screwed boss by the hand which grasps it, it is now screwed out to a
small extent, and thereby the pall is drawn out of the detent notch y, and the
spring X being then released, the riveting cylinder A is drawn up so that the
tool head C presses upon the point of the rivet, and the rivet is thereby bound
firmly between the dolly and the tool head before the hammer piston of the
rivetting cylinder Legins to strike. Moreover, the shape of the cup in the tool

page_text: head is a frustrum of a cone, of which the less diameter is the diameter of the
rivet point, and this form tends to centre the tool head fair upon the rivet
point, and reduces the risk of bending the rivet.
The machine, as partly shown in Figure 6, is adapted for different lengths
of rivets by having for the dolly a set of moveable bolsters of different lengths,
and it is adapted for different diameters by having bolsters, and tool heads
with cups of various sizes. When the bolster is removed from the dolly the
tool head can he removed from the cylinder. Instead of locking the dolly
spring in the manner now described, a screw and hand wheel could be applied;
and for some kinds of work, especially where the machine is horizontal when
in action, compression by a screw and a hand wheel or a crank may be more
suitable than that now described.
Figures 8 and 9 refer to another mode of constructing the valve casing of
these machines. Figure 8 is a plan of the cylinder casting, with part of the
valve box and the back port pipe in section; Figure 9 is a plan showing tho
outside of the valve casing and of the cylinder. The slide valve casing and the
stop valve box are cast in one piece and bolted to the cylinder by the bolts g', g'.
The back port pipe E has its centre in the line of the joint, and in Figure 8
a section on that joint shows the pipo E and the stop valve box in section.
The stop valve shown in this Figure is a button valve. The front port a is
a grid port to allow the piston packing to work past it. The other parts of the
machine are similar to those other parts in the machines already described.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal section of a riveting cylinder showing another
mode of operating the slide valve. Figures 11 and 12 are cross sections, and
Figure 13 is a plan all of the same cylinder. A slide valve F has at each end
a small piston f working steam-tight in cylindrical chambers which are pro-
longations of the slide valve casing. The admission and escape of steam to
these cylinders being by a communication between them and the corresponding
steam way or passage of the main cylinder. This communication is shown
in cross section in Figure 11. The pin o regulates the opening. The
alterations of pressure and exhaust on the piston fare the direct effects of
the motions of the slide valve itself. The two pistons f may be connected by a
rod passing through a tube in the slide valve, but not fixed to the slide valve.
The travel of the small pistons may then exceed that of the slide valve, and
giving motion to slide valve by impact thereon. Also, instead of having a com-
munication between the small cylinders and the corresponding main steam
passage, there may be an independent steam way for each of these cylinders,
leading from a small port on the cylinder faco at the side of the main ports
and opened and shut at the same instant as are the main ports. The small

page_text: spindle b' is used to move the slide valve by hand. The mode of working the
slide valve now described is one requiring great accuracy in the workmanship,
and is easily put out of order; I therefore prefer the valve motion shown in
Figure 3. In Figure 9 the tool head bas at the inner end a shoulder of larger
diameter than the bore of the cylinder. The cylinder itself has a shoulder at
the inner end of the tool head, this shoulder prevents the tool head from going
further into the cylinder. The cylinder has a cap d' screwed on the outside
over the tool head; this cap d' is a stuffing box; the ring c¹ rests on the point
of the cylinder, and the cap is always screwed up tight on the cylinder end,
and the ring c¹ compresses the packing in the cap d'. This ring also prevents
the tool head from leaving the cylinder when the cylinder is held with the
tool head down. In action the tool head shoulder should never touch the
stop ring c', but if it does strike it accidentally the packing will act as a buffer
to the blow.
Figure 14 is a side view of another form of coupled machine. This machine
is similar in its action to the machines already described, but in this the dolly
has a flat spring, and is designed for riveting in positions where there is not
sufficient head room for the spiral spring dolly. The flat spring dolly can be
made to lock on the same principle as the locking dolly, shown in Figure 6, by
having a catch on K to keep X in its highest position.
Figure 15, on Sheet No. 1, shows a modo of making a steam-tight tool
head for a planishing hammer, or for any purpose where tho travel of the tool
head is inconsiderable, and where a perfectly tight tool head is indispensable.
The end of the cylinder is provided with a strong circular flange, as shown in
the Figure. c is a copper or other elastic diaphragm, and d' is a joint ring for
the same.
The tool head C is a socket for a hammer face; it has a collar to
fit above the diaphragm, and a ring is rivetted tight on the tool head with the
diaphragm between the ring and the collar. When in action the diaphragın
will yield to the blow, and prevent the shock from injuring the cylinder.
Figure 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of an impact machine on my
principle, fitted with a chipping chisel, and forming a self-acting chipping
machine. The slide valve is the same as that shown in Figure 2, and bas
been already described. Outside views of this chipping machine are also
shown to a smaller scale in Figures 29 and 30 on Sheet No. 3. Referring
again to Figure 16, it will be seen that the inner end of the tool head is of
greater diameter than the bore of the cylinder, and also greater than the rest
of the tool head; this part of increased diameter is packed by metallic rings
or by hemp packing in the two grooves shown in the section. The spiral
spring bears upon this projecting part, and that spring is compressed

page_text: thereon by the spring box cap N. The compression of this spring is just
sufficient to return the tool holder after it is struck by the hammer piston, and
is of such a length that if the piston strikes the tool holder when the tool
meets with no resistance, the spring acts as a buffer to the blow, and prevents
injury to the machine. A caulking tool, or a jumper, or a drift, or a hammer
head or other form of tool or instrument can be substituted for the chisel. The
bandles and other fittings of this machine are shown in Figures 29 and 30.
The manner of its operation is as follows:-The right hand of the operator
grasps the handle U, and his left hand the handle V, the thumb of his left
band is applied to the lever which works the stop valve; the stop valve is
similar to those already described, and is made with a spring, to be self-
shutting. Standing at the side of the machine, and holding it as described,
the chisel is applied to the material to be chipped, the lever is pressed, and
the hammer piston gives a succession of blows on the tool holder. Tho
operator presses the machine forward to resist the backward pressure of tho
steam, and in this he may be assisted by having the machine borne on a
carriage, or held up to its work by a lanyard from some fixed point in advance
of the machine; or the machine may have a pall to fall into a fixed rack, and
thus be kept up to its work.
Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, are also views of a chipping machine. They
are given to illustrate another mode of operating the slide valve, and this valve
motion is also applicable to riveters and other forms of impact machines. Tho
slide valve is worked by an inside tappet at each end of the cylinder; the
action of this tappet is similar to that of the single tappet described in con-
nection with Figure 2, but in the arrangement of tappets shown in Figure 21
the slide valve is prevented from jumping back from its proper position by the
palls ', ', on the valve spindle. These palls are made so to gear with the
outside tappet cranks II, II, that each of the cranks II, II, is in its turn the
stop which maintains the slide valve in the position due to the other crank II.
The slide valve F, shown in Figures 17 and 21, is an equilibrium grid valve,
the letters of reference will explain its action; Figure 17 is a longitudinal
section of the machine; and Figure 18 is an elevation of the door for the
tappet recess; affixed to that Figure is a plan section of the same taken
through the recess. The spring shown on this plan tends to force the inside
tappet into the cylinder, and to bring I in Figure 21 towards the slide valve.
Figure 19 is a cross section through the centre of the tappet spindle, and
shows the stufling gland and box for the same, and the inside tappet projecting
into the bore of the cylinder; Figure 20 is a cross section through the centre
of the slide valve, which is also the centre of the stop valve; it shows the

page_text: passages of the steam from the stop valve to the slide valve box, and a section
through these valves; Figure 21 is a plan of the machine showing a section
through the centre of the slide valve spindle. I will now describe the mode
of operating the slide valve by the double tappets, as shown in these Figures,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21. The slide valve is shown at half stroke, the piston is
represented as moving towards D, the back end of the cylinder. The curved
end e¹ has now come into contact with the inside tappet G, and has moved it
through half its travel; the back end crank H is represented as moving the
valve spindle towards the back end, and it will be noticed that the pall K' is
still in gear with the point II. The crank II at the front end of the cylinder
is now bearing on its stop pin n', and its pall K' has not yet fallen into gear
with it. As the piston continues its motion towards the back end of the
cylinder, the inside tappet G at that end is pressed entirely into the recess in
the side of the cylinder, and the crank II moves the remainder of its proper
travel; its pall K will then have moved so far on the pin m' that thereby it
will no longer be in gear with tho crank II. But the crank II cannot yet
return to its stop pin n', because the piston still retains the insido tappet in its
recess against the pressure of the spring v², but whenever the piston will have
returned from covering the inside tappet, the spring will return the crank II
to its stop pin n. But at the other end of the valve spindle, when the move-
ment of the valve was completed, the pall K' would be carried over the point
of the crank II, and it would be forced into gear with it by the spring .
The spring v keeps the crank II in contact with the stop pin n', and therefore,
when the pall K has fallen into gear with the point of II, the slide valve will
thereby be kept in its proper position. When the hammer piston has again
advanced to the front end of the cylinder, the front crank II moves the slide
valve forward, the front pall K' is thrown out of gear, and when the valve
reaches the end of its forward travel the back pall K' drops into gear with the
back crank II, and these actions are repeated for every stroke of the hammer
piston. The spiral springs o' on the valve spindles act as buffers to soften its
motions. I propose to use these pall tappets where great velocity with
precision and uniformity of action is required; but where the motions are
comparatively slow, instead of the palls I use simply a spring pall gearing into
two notches on the valve spindle, those notches correspond to the extreme
positions of the slide valve, and the spring pall gearing into them tends to
maintain the valve in its proper position.
Figure 22 represents a portable boiler and rivet hearth, having a furnace
common to both and fit'ed with a feed injector. The boiler represented is a
round boiler with vertical tubes from end to end of the shell. The boiler inay

page_text: be of any other suitable form. u' is the furnace, and the flame bed is shewn
to have two levels; on these steps of brickwork the rivets are heated, they
are put in by the doors t', t, which are used alternately; a, a, are chain
pulleys, and h, h³, are balance weights for the iron doors t', '; a² is the feed
injector; is its steam cock; and w' is the water tank; d is the safety valve
chest with a lock-up cover; f*, the escape pipe; and the steam stop cock,
or a stop valve with a branch for the steam pipe leading to the machine; c² is
a blast cock and nozzle, it is in the centre of the boiler, and the spindle from
it is brought to the side of the boiler. The tubes are so arranged in the boiler
that the tube plate is blank under this spindle; ' is a pair of carriage wheels
on a swivel axle, and y' is a pair of carriage wheels on fixed studs.
Figuro 23 is an elevation and Figure 24 is a sectional plan of my impact
machine fitted as a seaming hammer for thinning the edges of copper plates;
Figure 24 is a borizontal section taken immediately above the plate n³; o³ is
a guide pin in the anvil plate; the edge of the copper plate is kept close to
this pin.
Figure 25 is a side view of a coupled riveting machine, it has been hercin-
before described along with Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
Figures 26, 27, 28, are threo views of my impact machine fitted as a
planishing hammer for copper pipes. It rests on a wooden saddle upon the
pipe, and it is kept vertical by the weight, which also assists in steadying tho
machine. Theso views show the machine fitted with a packed tool head, but
if necessary to steam-tight tool head, shewn in Figure 15, can be applied to
this machine. A fixed hammer of similar construction is used for spotting
copper plates.
"
Figure 29 and 30 are a front and a side view of my impact machine fitted
as a chipping machine; it has been herein-before described along with
Figure 16.
Figure 31 is a side view of an elongated coupled machine for riveting bulk
beads and bridges. It is similar to the coupled machine shewn in Figure 25,
but the short brackets have been replaced by the long tubes p' to admit of
greater span in the machine. In using this machine the end can be supported
by a lanyard through the ring *.
Figures 32, 38, and 34, are an elevation, a plan, and an end view of my
impact machine fitted as a portable steam hammer.
Figures 35, 36, 37, are outside views of a locking riveting machine; they
have been herein-before described along with Figure 1.
In this Specification the word portable has been used to distinguish the
light machines to which it refers from the heavy machines which have been

page_text: Regulating pin on valve piston
port.
Boss for stop valve lever stud.
Hollow screw for adjusting to
pitch of holes.
Washer fixed on centre for ditto.
Crank on ditto.
Centro pin on ditto.
Guide pin for screwed cross
head.
Spring on locking pall.
. Disengaging handle.
Locking pall.
Ratchet for pall.
Pin and slot of volvo spindle

page_text: a. Centre pin for a pair of handles.
6. Sinall spindle to move slide valve
by hand.
c. Ring to form bottom of tool head
stuffing box.
d. Cap to screw up packing of
ditto.
e. End of piston, rounded off for
tappet.
f. Channels in front of piston.
g'. Bolts for fastening slido valve
casing.
h. Handle for machine, forming
also a stay for dolly spring.
2. Continuation of above, forming
a handle for guiding machine.
1. Chisel; a caulking tool, or a
drift, or a hammer may be sub-
stituted for the chisel.
k. Pall carried on the slido valvo
a. Feed injector.
6. Steam cock for injector.
. Blast cock on centre of boiler.
d. Safety valve chest.
G. Steam cock connection for
steam pipe to the machines.
f. Safety valve waste steam pipe.
9. Funnel.
h³. Balance weights for doors t'.
. Door on tappet recess.
3. Balance weight to keep the
machine erect.
1. Copper pipe in position for
planishing.
12. Bracket to fix the machine to.
m². Anvil.
2. Copper plate in position for
being thinned on the edge for
soaming
spindle to catch on point of
crank H.
P. Spring on pall k¹.
m'. Fixed pin to detach pall A.
n. Fixed pin, a stop for crank II.
o'. Spiral springs on valve spindles.
p. Valve spindle guides.
9. Leather washers to guard tho
hand from the hot cylinder.
2. Upright boiler, with vertical tubes
from end to end.
3. Flame bed for heating the rivets.
t. Doors opening to flame bed.
u². Furnace.
v. Ash-pit.
w. Water cistern.
. A pair of carriage wherls on a
swivel axle.
y'. Ditto ditto
2. Furnace door.
on fixed centres.
02. Guide pin for edge of coppor
when seaming the edge.
p. Malleable iron tubes, forming
extended jaws to carry the
riveter and bolster.
g. Stays between those tubes.
A ring for a lanyard support.
8. Tubes forming a support for
the machine when used as a
hammer.
ts. Handles for guiding the machine.
us. Shows a block below the hammer.
Spring to return the tappet.
w. Centre pin for fixed front handles.
. Chain pulleys for balanco weights.
y. Angle iron door sill for doors t¹.
. A wooden saddle piece to support
machine on its work.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the details herein set forth, as the same may be varied without departing
from the peculiar character of my Invention; and also, instead of steam, air,
water, or other motive power may be used; but what I claim is,-
Firstly, in reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21,
23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, the use of the inside blow in
impact machines, as herein-before described.
Secondly, working the slide valves of impact machines by steam in ono
direction, and in the other direction by an inside tappet acted on by the side 1
of the piston, as herein-before described, and as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 8, 9, 14, 16, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37.
Thirdly, in reference to Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, working the slide
valves of impact machines in both directions by inside tappets, either with or
without detaining palls on the valve spindle, as herein-before described.
Fourthly, in reference to Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, the manner of operating
the slide valve in both directions by steam, as herein-before described.
Fifthly, in reference to Figures 1, 35, 36, 37, the means herein-before
described for connecting the riveting cylinder to the bolster or dolly.
1
Sixthly, in reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 6, 25, 31, 35, 36, 37, the spring 2
dolly, herein-before described.
Seventhly, in reference to Figures 6, 7, the locking spring dolly, as herein-
before described.
Eighthly, in reference to Figure 15, the means herein-before described,
whereby the tool head is attached steam-tight on the end of the cylinder by a 2
copper or other elastic diaphragm, which may be a corrugated plate.
Ninthly, with reference to Figure 22, the combining in one portable
apparatus mounted on wheels a boiler, a rivet hearth, a furnace common to
both, and a feed injector.
Tenthly, in reference to Figures 1, 35, 36, 37, the apparatus herein-before 3
described as a "locking riveting machine."
Eleventhly, in reference to Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 25, the apparatus
herein-before described for a "coupled riveting machine."
Twelfthly, in reference to Figures 23 and 24, the machine herein-before
described for a "seaming hammer."
Thirteenthly, in reference to Figures 26, 27, 28, the machine herein-before
described for a "planishing hammer."
Fourtcentbly, in reference to Figures 16, 19, 30, the machine herein-before
described as a "chipping machine," which is also applicable to other purposes.
S

page_text: Fifteenthly, in reference to Figure 31, the machine herein-before described
as an "elongated coupled riveting machine."
And, sixteenthly, in referenco to Figures 32, 33, 34, the machine herein-
before described as a "portable steam hammer."
In witness whereof, I, tho said John M'Farlane Gray, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN MCFARLANE GRAY. (L.S.)
Witness,
JAMES STEVENSON,
19, Salisbury Street, Strand.