Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1888
Complete Left, 1st May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 1st June, 1888
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of tho firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to petroleum engines. Heretofore naphtha and benzinė have
been principally used in the formation of an explosivo mixture for working petroleum
engines. Common raw petroleum, which can be procured at a much cheaper price
than the above-named substances, and is moreover less liable to cause fire, has not
been employed in practice owing to the difficulty with which it ignites, and especially
to the fact that the piston and distributing parts of the engines very soon became
clogged and arrested by the residues from the explosions.
Now I have succeeded in rendering practicable the use of common petroleum for
the said purpose by subjecting the explosive mixture, prior to its admission into the
engine cylinder, that is to say outside the latter, to a suitable treatment resulting in a
regular motion of the engine; by providing a very large and free discharge opening
for the residues from the combustion; and furthermore by the employment of a
distributing mechanism which is specially adapted for this purpose.
In the engine constructed according to the said invention the suction, compression,
ignition and discharge of the mixture is effected in one revolution of the engine.
Motion is transmitted from the main shaft to a distributing shaft by means of two
toothed wheels. The distributing shaft extends through a slot of a distributing rod
which is jointed to one end of a double lever, the other end of which is attached to a
rod passing through a stuffing box into the engine cylinder and is there connected
with a slide ring. This ring which is broad and made of steel or other suitable mate-
rial, is cut longitudinally in one place, in order to obtain proper tightness in virtue of
the spring action thereby obtained.
Upon the distributing shaft is moreover arranged a tappet that acts upon a roller
secured to it, and displaces in its rotation the distributing rod and therefore the slide
ring in accordance with the suction, compression, ignition and discharge periods of
the engine, whereas a helical spring wound upon the distributing rod causes the
mechanism to move back again.

page_text: The distributing shaft is also adapted to actuate an oil pump, for which purpose a
pin provided excentrically on the shaft engages with a longitudinal slot in the head of
the pump rod so as to impart an oscillating movement to the pump and a reciprocating
movement to the pump piston.
Across the head of the pump rod is another slot, through which passes a rod pro-
vided below with an adjustable weight and surrounded at the upper end above the said
slot by a spring which can be adjusted by screws. The said rod is either made
tapering towards the upper end, or provided with an offset, and constitutes with its
weight and spring the governor of the engine. In the rotation of the distributing
shaft this governor, the spring of which has previously been adjusted to a definite
tension, is turned like the head of the pump rod, and as the excentric pin on the
distributing shaft strikes against the rod of the governor, the supply of oil is effected
in every rotation of the pin in the aforesaid longitudinal slot. When the speed of
the engine becomes too great, the weight by reason of centrifugal action, will
gradually draw the governor rod endways against the pressure of its spring, and as
consequently a thinner part of the rod passes opposite the excentric pin the forcing
action of the pump is decreased, the explosive mixture becomes less dense, the explo-
sions less powerful, so that the motion of the engine is retarded. The spring on the
governor rod then pulls the latter gradually back again until the normal motion of
the engine is re-established. When the governor rod has been provided with an
offset in lieu of a taper part, and it is drawn end ways beyond the offset, when the
speed of the engine is too great, it will not cause the pump to feed petroleum until
the rod is drawn back.
The petroleum is fed by the pump through small pipes and passes into an air admis-
sion pipe to the front of the air admission valve for the injection. Before the
mixture of air and petroleum enters the engine cylinder, it must pass through a pipe
situated outside the cylinder, this pipe being heated in order to enable the engine to
work and so that the explosive mixture will enter the cylinder in a heated state when
the engine is set in motion. The effect of this heating of the aforesaid pipe, without
which the engine cannot be started is the heating of the air and petroleum vapour
and consequently the intimate mixing of the two substances. By this means the
ignition of the explosive mixture is rendered very exact, and therefore the motion of
the engine becomes quite regular, whilst the combustion of all the solid particles of
the mixture is effected as completely as possible. The explosive mixture can be
ignited by a device of any suitable construction. The discharge of the products of
combustion from the cylinder is effected through a comparatively large passage which
is formed in the lower part of the cylinder, and which is not controlled by any valve
or intermediate body, and. allows the residues an easy and complete egress.
The slide ring occupies at the beginning of the suction period a position in which
the discharge passage is closed, whereas the ignition passage is open, so that
the gases are also drawn from the ignition device, which is therefore relieved or
balanced.
During the ensuing period of compression the slide ring is moved to a position in
which the discharge as well as the ignition passage are closed.
During the ignition the slide ring passes back to the first-mentioned position, in
which the discharge passage is closed whilst the ignition passage is opened. During
the discharge period the slide ring occupies a position in which the discharge passage
is quite open whilst the ignition passage is closed.
The slide ring can also be secured to a trunk piston which can be moved to the
outside of the cylinder cover. In this case the air admission pipe is below the
ignition device, and the slide ring receives a special slot or passage for the admission
of the air.
Dated this 20th day of April 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to petroleum engines. Heretofore naphtha and benzine
have been principally used in the formation of an explosive mixture for working
petroleum engines.
Raw petroleum, either common or Russian, which can be procured at a much
cheaper price than the above named substances, and is moreover loss liable to cause
fire, has not been employed in practice owing to the difficulty with which it ignites,
and especially to the fact that the piston and distributing parts of the engine very
soon became clogged and arrested by the residues from the explosions.
Now, I have succeeded in rendering practicable the use of common petroleum for
the said purpose by subjecting the explosive mixture, prior to its admission into the
engine cylinder, that is to say outside the latter, to a suitable treatment resulting in
a regular motion of the engine; by providing a very large and free discharge opening
for the residues from the combustion, and furthermore by the employment of a
distributing mechanism which is specially adapted for this purpose.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is an elevation and
Figure 2 a plan of my improved petroleum engine.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the engine cylinder.
Figure 4a transverse section of the same on the line
Figure 5 a front view of the cylinder cover.
of Figure 3, and
In Figuro 6 is shown a modification of the distributing parts, and
In Figure 7 a modification of the governor rod.
In the engine constructed according to the said invention, motion is trans-
mitted from the main shaft a to a distributing valve by means of two toothed
wheels a, b so that the latter shaft will make one revolution to each two of the former.
The distributing shaft extends through a slot of a distributing rod c which is jointed.
to one end of a double lever having its fulcrum at d. The other end of said lever
is attached to a rod e passing through a stuffing box into the engine cylinder A in
which it is connected with a slide ring f. This ring which is broad and made of steel
or other suitable material, is cut longitudinally in one place, in order to obtain proper
tightness in virtue of the spring action thereby produced.
Upon the distributing shaft is moreover arranged a tappet or cam g that acts
upon a roller fixed to the distributing rod, and in its rotation displaces the latter so

page_text: as to impart motion to the slide ring in accordance with the suction, compression,
ignition and discharge periods of the engine, a helical spring c¹ which is wound
upon the distributing rod e causing back movement of the mechanism. The distri
buting shaft is also adapted to actuate an oil pump p, for which purpose a pin i
provided eccentrically on the shaft engages with a longitudinal slot in the head of
the pump rod and imparts an oscillating movement to the pump and a reciprocating
movement to the pump piston.
Across the head of the pump rod is another slot through which passes a rod s
provided below with an adjustable weight and surrounded at the upper end above the said
slot by a spring s¹ which can be adjusted by screws. The rod s is either made tapering
towards the upper end, or provided with an offset as shewn in Figure 7 and consti-
tutes with its weight and spring the governor of the engine. In the rotation of the
distributing shaft this governor, the spring of which has previously been adjusted to
a definite tension is turned like the head of the pump rod, and as the eccentric pin i
on the distributing shaft strikes against the rods the pump supplies oil in every
rotation of the pin in the aforesaid longitudinal slot.
When the speed of the engine becomes too great, the weight by reason of swinging
movement, will gradually draw the governor downwards against the pressure of its
spring, and as consequently a thinner part of the rod passes opposite the eccentric
pin i the delivery or feed of the pump is decreased, the explosive mixture becomes
less dense, and the explosions less powerful so that the motion of the engine is
retarded. The spring on the governor rod then pulls the latter gradually up again
until the normal motion of the engine is re-established. In case the governor rod s
has an offset as represented in Figure 7, in lieu of a taper part and it is drawn down
beyond the offset, when the speed of the engine is too great, it will not cause the
pump to feed petroleum until the rod is drawn up again.
The petroleum is fed by the pump through small pipes and passes at ¹ into an
air admission pipe 7, to the front of the air admission valve m for the injection.
Before the mixture of air and. petroleum enters the engine cylinder, it must pass
through an extension pipe m' connected with the aforesaid valve and situated outside
the cylinder, this pipe being heated in order to enable the engine to work and so
that the explosive mixture will enter the cylinder in a heated state when the engine
is set in motion. The effect of this heating of the aforesaid extension pipe m³,
without which the engine cannot be started is the heating of the air and petroleum
vapour and consequently the intimate mixing of the two substances, by which means
the ignition of the explosive mixture is rendered very exact, and therefore the motion
of the engine becomes quite regular, whilst the combustion of all the solid particles
of the mixture is effected as completely as possible. The explosive mixture can be
ignited at n by a device of any suitable construction. The discharge of the products
of combustion from the cylinder is effected through a comparatively large passage o
which is formed in the lower part of the cylinder, and which is not controlled
by any valve or intermediate body, and allows the residues an easy and complete
egress.
The slide ring f, as represented in full lines in Figure 3, occupies at the begin-
ning of the suction period the. position shown, in which the discharge passage is
closed, whereas the ignition passage is open so that the gases, are also drawn from the
ignition device, which is therefore relieved from pressure.
During the ensuing period of compression the slide ring is moved to the position
indicated by in which the discharge as well as the ignition passage are closed.
During the ignition the slide ring passes back to the first mentioned position, in
which the discharge passage is closed whilst the ignition passage is opened.
During the discharge period the slide ring occupies the position indicated by a¹, in
which the discharge passage is quite open whilst the ignition passage is closed.
The slide ring, may also be secured to a trunk piston according to the modifi-
cation shown in Figure 6, which can be moved to the outside of the cylinder cover.
In this case, the air admission-pipe is below the ignition device, and the slide ring
receives a special slot or passage for the admission of the air.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to mo
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In an engine worked by an explosive mixture formed with common crude
petroleum, the heating of the extension of the admission pipe m' arranged outside the
engine cylinder, by means of an external source of heat, for the purpose of heating
the explosive mixture before it enters the said cylinder but after the air and petroleum
are mixed and thus ensuring a rapid ignition and complete.combustion of the explo
sive mixture, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
Second. In an engine worked by an explosive mixture formed with common crude
petroleum, the arrangement of a large discharge opening or passage o controlled only
by a slide ring, for the purpose of completely expelling the incombustible residues of
the crude petroleum.
Third. In an engine worked by an explosive mixture formed with common crude
petroleum and provided with a large discharge passage, the arrangement of a spring
slide-ring used either with or without a piston as shown in Figures 6 and 3 and
which is adapted to be moved to and fro in the engine cylinder by the main shaft
through the medium of toothed wheels, a distributing shaft having a tappet or cam g,
a distributing rod c, double lever d and rod e, in such a manner that it opens and
closes the ignition passage as well as the discharge passage and enables the residues
remaining in the ignition device to be sucked out.
Fourth. The regulation of the speed of the engine by a rods which passes through
the head of the pump rod and performs therewith a circular swinging movement, and
is held in position by means of a weight and an adjustable spring and which is made
either taper or of varying diameter or thickness for the purpose above specified.
Dated this 1st dow of Nov 18SS
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.