IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND FIXING OF COCKS OR VALVES FOR HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Bennett, of Trafford Street, Gaythorn,
Manchester, Brassfounder and Coppersmith, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND FIXING OF COCKS OR VALVES FOR
HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE."
Sealed the 4th October 1872, and dated the 9th April 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1872.
I, SAMUEL BENNETT, of Trafford Street, Gaythorn, Manchester, Brass-
founder and Coppersmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND FIXING OF COCKS OR VALVES
FOR HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
Cocks or valves in ordinary use are for the most part fixed to pipes
and are liable to become damaged either by being strained during
fitting up or by the expansion and contraction of the pipes, thus causing
the cock or valve to leak, which is a great inconvenience and defect.
There is also a great difficulty in repairing the cock or valve when

page_text: damaged, as it is frequently requisite to take down a long range of pipes,
often causing considerably more expense in fixing a new cock or valve
than the cost of such cock or valve. To remedy this and to effect my
improvements I construct a metal chamber which is fixed between
pipes or vessels, such chamber being capable of receiving a loose cock
or valve. It will readily be seen that this may be done in various ways,
but by preference I construct the chamber in two halves, the one half
of which is permanently fixed between the pipes or vessels or may form
part of such pipes or vessels, and the other is capable of removal, so
that the cock or valve can be taken out or inserted within the chamber
without disturbing the fixed part. By this means the cock or valve is
not so liable to become damaged by steam or fluid pressure, the strain
And when
of the pipes, or by expansion and contraction when in use.
defective from ordinary wear and tear can easily be taken out for
repairs or replaced with a new cock or valve.
The cock or valve I construct by preference in the form of a cone
with a flange, whereby the same can be secured and rendered steam
tight within the chamber and with two outlet ports therein, but the
form of the valve or the number of ports therein may be varied to any
extent. The pressure is caused to act upon the working parts of the
cock or valve so as to force it upon the bearing surface, or the reverse
process may be adopted. It is actuated in its movements by means of
a loose key, screw, or other suitable means passing through the removal
part of the chamber, such actuating instrument being held in its place
by being constructed with a collar or any other suitable construction
and rendered steam tight by the ordinary method of packing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Bennett in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th October 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
BENNETT, of Trafford Street, Gaythorn, Manchester, Brassfounder and
Coppersmith, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date. the Ninth day. of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give

page_text: and grant unto me, the said Samuel Bennett, Her special licence that I,
the said Samuel Bennett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Samuel Bennett, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should. at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter, during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND
FIXING OF COCKS OR VALVES FOR HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Bennett, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and, ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Bennet, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
:-
Cocks or valves in ordinary use are often fixed between pipes, and
being weaker than the pipes they are very liable to become damaged
or get out of order either by being strained during fitting up, or by thẻ
expansion and contraction of the pipes when in use, thus often causing
the cock or valve to leak, which is a great inconvenience and defect.
There is likewise a great difficulty in repairing the cock or valve when
damaged, as it frequently becomes requisite to take down a long range
of pipes, thus very often causing considerably more expense in fixing
a new cock or valve than the cost of such cock or valve.
Now my improvements consist in forming a metal chamber con-
structed to connect to or fix between pipes or vessels, such chamber
being capable of receiving a loose cock or valve. It will readily be
seen that this may be done in a variety of ways, but by preference I
construct the chamber in two halves, the one half of which is per-
manently fixed between the pipes or vessels, and the other half is
capable of removal, so that the cock or valve can be taken out or
inserted within the chamber without disturbing the fixed part thereof.
By this means the cock or valve is not so liable to become daniaged

page_text: by the steam or fluid pressure, the strain of the pipes, or by expansion
and contraction when in use. And when the cock or valve becomes
defective from ordinary wear and tear it can be readily taken out for
repairs or replaced with a new cock or valve, a supply of which cocks
and valves can be kept in duplicate.
The cock or valve I construct by preference in the form of a cone
with a flange whereby the same can be secured and rendered steam
tight within the chamber, and with two outlet ports to the same, as
by this means the full extent of pressure can be set at liberty with a
small amount of movement of the cock or valve, and the friction thereof
thus considerably reduced, but the particular form of the cock or valve
or the number of ports therein may be varied to a considerable extent.
By preference I cause the pressure to act upon the working part of the
cock or valve so as to force it on to the bearing surface thereof. It is
actuated in its movements by means of a loose key, screw, or other
suitable means passing through the removable part of the chamber,
such key being held in its place by any suitable means, and kept steam
tight by the ordinary method of packing.
The foregoing statements particularly describe the nature of the said
Invention, but in order that the Invention may be fully understood,
and in further pursuance of the condition in the said Letters Patent
contained, I will now by reference to the accompanying Drawings par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the manner in which my said Invention
is to be performed or put in practice, and the means pursued by me in
carrying the same into effect. The foregoing description to be resorted
to and used if necessary.
J.

page_text: which handle or key by this arrangement becomes a fixture in the
upper portion of the chamber by means of an internal collar D' which
forms a resistance to the packing E compressed in the usual manner by
means of the plunger F, F, acted upon by the screw bolts G, G. The
arrows indicate the direction taken by the steam or fluid when the valve
is open. H, H, are projections which take into corresponding recesses
in the chamber to prevent the valve from turning bodily when the
handle is turned.
Fig. 4 shows a modification of the Invention whereby the lower part
of the chamber is formed of the pipe itself, which is shown in section
and is formed with a bridge or partition J.
Fig. 5 shows another modification formed by fixing the chamber to a
branch, and Fig. 6 shows the chamber formed with flanges instead of
screw joints.
I would here remark that the various and other modifications of the
chamber or valve may be made without departing from the peculiar
character of the Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put
in practice, with the means I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I
would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
details shown and described; but what I do claim is, so arranging a cock
or valve within a metal chamber, part of which chamber is a fixture
between or a portion of the pipes, which cock or valve can be withdrawn
or replaced upon the removal of the other part of the chamber, in
manner substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Bennett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
WILLIAM GADD,
Consulting Engineer.
SAMUEL BENNETT. (L.S.).