IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carrington Sellars, of Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING.”
Sealed the 20th December 1870, and dated the 1st October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carrington Sellars
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st October 1870.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING," to be as
follows:-
To provide metal founders with a blacking possessing good sleeking
and heat resisting properties, and to enable them to produce castings
with smooth skins of desired hues I mix sea weed, sea grass, or sea
plants in any convenient or desired proportion with still coke, gas coke,
coked coal, wood charcoal, or other suitable coke or charcoal, or with.

page_text: lime, chalk, or clay, or with more than one of these substances. The
said sea weed, sea grass, or sea plants may be added either in the newly
cut, partially dried, dried, or dried and pulverized state to the said coke,
charcoal, lime, chalk, or clay, the latter being either in a rough or ground
condition.
In practice I prefer one or other of the following modes:-(a), to add
the sea weed, sea grass, or sea plants in the moist state to dry coke,
charcoal, lime, chalk, or clay, and then to grind and mix the whole
together in any suitable mill; (b), to partially dry, cut, chop, or pul-
verize the said sea weed, sea grass, or sea plants, and then mix and
grind the same with coke, charcoal, lime, chalk, or clay; and (c), to dry
and grind the sea weed, sea grass, or sea plants, and then to thoroughly
mix the powder with finely ground coke, charcoal, lime, chalk,
or clay.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Carrington Sellars in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st March 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of a
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Carrington Sellars, Her special
license that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Carrington 3
Sellars, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain

page_text: and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL FOUNDErs' Blacking,” upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
5 of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same. to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :—
To provide metal founders with a blacking possessing good sleeking
and heat resisting properties, and to enable them to produce castings
with smooth skins of desired hues I mix sea weed, sea grass, or sea
plants, hereafter for brevity called sea-ware, in any convenient or desired
proportion with still coke, peat charcoal, soft wood charcoal, gas coke,
coked coal, oil retort coke, coal dust, soot, hard wood charcoal, or
other suitable coke or charcoal, or with lime, chalk, or clay, or with a
mixture of two or more of these substances. The said sea-ware may be
added in the newly cut, partially dried, dried, or dried and pulverized
state to the said coke, charcoal, lime, chalk, or clay, the latter being
either in a rough or ground condition.
The addition of sea-ware to coke, charcoal, lime, chalk, and clay in
every proportion so long as the moisture is insufficient to cause the
mixed mass to form a paste in the process of reducing or grinding, or
to cause the particles of the blacking, when finished, to adhere and
form lumps, is beneficial either, first, for improving the quality, or,
second, for reducing the cost. Thus still coke, peat charcoal, soft wood
charcoal, and like carbonaceous materials when mixed with sea-ware
are made to yield moulders' blacking of excellent quality suitable for
the finest castings; gas coke, coked coal, oil retort coke, coal dust, soot,
lime, chalk, and clay, to yield a cheap and useful blacking for common
astings, and hard wood charcoal is greatly reduced in price without..
eing materially deteriorated in quality.
In carrying my Invention into practice I prefer to use the substances.
nd the quantities thereof, and to adopt the modes of preparation now

page_text: substances above mentioned.
A. When newly cut or moist sea-ware, that is, sea-ware after the 5
free water has been allowed to drain away is to be used, I employ it with
the substances now. to be named in the proportions set forth :-
25 parts newly cut or moist sea-ware by weight to 75 parts still coke, preferably granular.
70 parts peat charcoal, preferably hard
30
55
35
"
"
and in pieces.
65 parts soft wood charcoal, preferably
in a rough state.
gas coke, preferably granular.
coked coal,
1
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25
do.
75
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25
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75
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75
oil retort coke,
do.
1
"
25
"
وو
do..
75
"
"
coal dust in a rough powder.
25
"
40
do.
60
burnt unslacked lime.
"
"
""
do..
75
Boot.
"
25
"
"'
do.
85
15
"
"
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hard wood charcoal, in the
rough state.
The substances named are mixed and reduced under edge runners and
afterwards finish ground between horizontal or other millstones or in any
other suitable mill. Should the coke or charcoal be hot the quantity of
sea-ware may be slightly increased.
B. When partially dried sea-ware, that is, sea-ware dried by currents 1
of air or other means until it feels dry to the touch is to be used, I add it
in the following proportions, and reduce and grind it in the manner set
forth under the above head A :-
25 parts partially dried sea-ware by weight to 75 parts still coke, preferably granular.
40
"
"
40
40
25
do.
"
60
"
"
peat charcoal, preferably hard & in
pieces.
soft wood charcoal, preferably in a
rough state.
gas coke, preferably granular.
coked coal,
do.
do.
do.
60
$7
""
do.
75
"
"
ร
25
do.
75
11
"
"
25
do.
75
oil retort coke,
"
"
28
30
30
do.
70
"
"
"
do.
70
Boot.
"
دو
"
25
do.
75
"
"
"
do.
50
burnt unslacked lime.
"7
"
24
2222222
coal dust in a rough powder.
hard wood charcoal in a rough state.

page_text: C. When dried sea-ware, that is, sea-ware sun dried or dried by
rtificial heat until the moisture remaining does not exceed 25 per cent..
of the whole weight I add it in the following proportions, and reduce
and grind it in the manner set forth under the above head A:-
25 parts dried sea-ware by weight to 75 parts still coke, preferably granular.
و,
"
70 parts peat charcoal, hard, and in pieces.
50 parts soft wood charcoal in the rough state:
gas coke, preferably granular.
coked coal,
do.
do.
30
do.
"
50
d'o.
"
25
do.
75
"
37°
25
do.
75
"
"
25
do.
75
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"
25
do.
75
"
"
"
25
"
25
do.
do.
75
soot.
"
"
75
د,
hard wood charcoal in the rough state..
"
"
oil retort coke,
coal dust in a rough powder.
60 parts dried sea-ware by weight to 40 parts burnt and unslacked lime.
D. When dried and pulverized sea-ware, that is, sea-ware made
perfectly dry or until there is not more than 5 per cent. of water con-
tained in it, such ware being reduced to a fine state of division by
grinding after drying or by cutting or reduction at any stage of the
drying is to be used, and this is the condition in which I ordinarily
prefer it, I add it in the proportions hereafter set forth to any of the
carbonaceous or other substances mentioned, such substances being
either in the rough or fine ground state. If in the rough state the mixed
mass is preferably reduced under edge runners and passed been mill-
stones, but if in the fine ground state intimate mixing will be sufficient.
In all cases however it is beneficial to grind the mixed mass between
horizontal or other millstones or in a suitable mill.
25 parts of dried and pulverized sea-ware by weight to 75 parts still coke.
ور
peat charcoal.
soft wood charcoal.
" gas coke.
65
35
do.
""
"
35
do.
65
"
"
39
75
25
do.
"
19
75
25
do.
"
"
3
75
do.
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25
"
75
do.
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25
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75
25
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50
5 50
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50
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50
"
50
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do.
15
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do.
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25
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50
75
وو
"
"
coked coal.
oil retort coke.
sea-ware charcoal or coke.
coal dust.
burnt slacked lime and about
3 per cent. of water.
powdered chalk and about
10 per cent. of water.
clay, preferably fire-clay, and
about 3 per cent. of water.
hard wood charcoal, 5 per
cent. of water being added.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention and par-
ticularized the same by details which secure desired results, I would
have it understood that do not claim as of my Invention any of the
machines or apparatus used in the preparation of the blacking; I would
also have it understood that I do not confine myself to employing the
sea weed, sea grass, or sea plants in any particular state, although, as
mentioned, I prefer them in the dried and pulverized state; neither do I
confine myself to the cokes, charcoals,.or carbonaceous substances named,
as others can be used, nor to any particular lime, chalk, or clay, or con-
dition of any of the substances; what I do. claim is, the production or 1
manufacture of metal founders' blacking by adding to and mixing with
coke, charcoal, coal dust, or carbonaceous matter, or lime, chalk, or
clay, or any two or more of these together, sea weed, sea grass, or sea.
plants.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Carrington Sellars, have 1
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one..
JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS. (L.S.)
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool..