IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Bond, of Tredegar, in the County of
Monmouth, and Thomas Norman Charles, of Argoed, in the County
of Monmouth, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED
WITH RAILWAY CHAIRS."
Sealed the 30th May 1871, and dated the 6th December 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Bond and
Thomas Norman Charles at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th December 1870.
We, ROBERT BOND, of Tredegar, in the County of Monmouth, and
THOMAS NORMAN CHARLES, of Argoed, in the County of Monmouth,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR CONNECTED WITH RAILWAY CHAIRS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render the permanent way of
railways more secure, to economise labour, and, by rendering unnecessary
the use of ordinary railway chairs, to otherwise save expense.
Railway chairs in general use consist of a bed or foundation, parts of
which are surmounted by two elevated permanently fixed projections,

page_text: termed jaws, which are intended as side supports to the rail, and which,
with the aid of a wedge (generally known as a key, which is made to
intervene between one of such projections or jaws and one side of the
rail) are intended to serve to keep the rail in its proper position. The
two jaws are cast in the same mould as the bed and conjointly with it,
and the casting thus formed is known as the ordinary railway chair.
The key is in some instances made of iron, but more generally of
Iwood. In the former case tightness cannot be always if at all secured,
but the wood key when first driven home may fit tightly, but after
exposure to the weather it is liable to shrink or decay, and therefore
becomes useless for the purpose intended.
In some cases half chairs are employed, one half being placed on each
side of the rail; corresponding holes are made in such half chairs, and
the rail which they are meant to support, and a bolt is passed through
them whereby the three are fastened together.
'
The present Invention has been designed and is intended to altogether
do away with the use of the bolt and the key referred to above, and the
Invention consists in the application and use of a movable and an
immovable or permanently fixed elevated jaw, and a bed or foundation
of a railway chair. The chair bed and one elevated jaw, which is per-
manently fixed to it, are cast simultaneously in the same mould and
therefore conjointly, whilst the other elevated jaw is movable and
is made secure to the bed of the chair by means of a bolt and nut,
grooves and projections. This movable jaw can be removed as circum-
stances may require, as for instance, to admit of a rail being laid in
position or to enable a rail to be removed from the chair or otherwise.
The situation of the two jaws are so arranged that when the movable
jaw is tightly fixed in its position, the 'rail is firmly pressed against (and
thus maintained in its proper position) by the two jaws. By this tight
pressure mischievous vibration and hammering of the lower part of the
rail on the bed of the chair is prevented.
It may be remarked that continuous hammering of the rail on the
bed of the chair as in the case when the rail is not tightly secured
conduces to render the surface of the bottom head of the double-headed
rail so indented and consequently uneven that when the heads are
reversed much unpleasantness is experienced in travelling over it.
The mode of securing the movable jaw to the bed of the chair in
order that it may retain the position assigned to it, and maintain

page_text: •
'
strength and resistive power to firmly support the rail in its proper
position, is as follows:-In the upper part of the bed of the chair is a
cavity or hollow space, one section or part of which has two of its sides
dovetailed, and is of sufficient dimensions to allow a nut with bevilled
5 sides to fit into it, the bevilled sides of such nut fitting into the dove-
tailed part of the cavity above described, which is thereby made a secure
recess for it. The other part of the cavity in the bed of the chair is
wider than the upper part of the former (the dovetailed section), and of
not less dimensions than the bottom part of the dovetailed section. The.
large section of the cavity is necessary as a first receptacle for the
bevilled nut, which is deposited in it and pushed thence into the dove-
tailed section. Fixed (or cast) on the surface of each side of the larger
section of the cavity aforesaid is a cross-piece projection, and in' im-
mediate contiguity to these cross-piece projections are two larger and
more elevated cross pieces; these latter two cross pieces stand one on each
side of the dovetailed section, and fit into a groove which is formed in
the under part of the movable jaw. The two more diminutive cross pieces
serve as resting places for one of the two projections or feet between.
which the groove in the movable elevated jaw intervenes. Through the
movable elevated jaw is a bolt hole, which is situated immediately above
the hole in the bevilled nut, when such nut is fixed in its position in the
dovetailed section of the cavity in the bed of the chair, a bolt is intro-
duced through the hole of the movable jaw into the bevilled nut into
which it is screwed, and the movable jaw is thus secured to and forms
part of the chair. The groove in the under part of the movable jaw
and the projections or feet between which the groove intervenes do not
fit quite close or tightly on the bed of the chair or cross pieces above
mentioned until the bolt is firmly screwed into the nut, the object of
this is to enable the movable jaw to be made to press closely against
the side of the rail.
"
These improvements may be variously modified, as for examples. One
modification may be as follows:-A cavity is formed in the under part
of the bed of the chair instead of in the upper part of it, such cavity
being of sufficient, dimensions to serve as a recess for a nut. A bolt is
introduced through the movable jaw and bed of the chair into the nut
into which it is screwed. Across the bed of the chair is a projection or
permanently fixed cross piece which fits into a groove in the under part
of the movable jaw.
•

page_text: A second modification may be as follows:-The details will be the
same as connected with the first-described mode, excepting that in this
modification the section of the cavity in the bed of the chair will be
reversed in position, it occurring on the side of the chair, and is bounded
by two sides only.
A third modification may be thus:-The details will be the same as
described in the first mode, except that the section of the cavity in the
bed of the chair will be reversed in position, it occurring at the opposite
end of section of such cavity to that it occupied in the first mode.
A fourth modification may be as follows:-The details will be the 1
same as described in the first mode (altered as described in the second
modification), excepting that an additional projection will be formed on
the under part of the movable jaw, such projection being situated so as
to fit into the larger section of the cavity in the bed of the chair.
A fifth modification may be as follows:-The details of the first mode ]
(altered according to the third modification) will be the same, but with
the following addition; on the lower part of that foot of the movable
jaw which was described as resting on the small cross pieces in the body
of the chair, is a short projection of also downward tendency, such pro-
jection being of the same width as the foot of the movable jaw, and it :
is of such length as will enable it to occupy a space inside the larger
section of the cavity in the bed of the chair.
1
By a sixth modification the sleeper bolt or the fang bolt, whichever
may be used, also serves the purpose of fastening securely the movable
side; a cross piece upward projection is situated on the bed of the rail
so as to fit in a groove which is formed on the under part of the movable
elevated jaw. In proximity with that end of the chair which is nearest
the movable side a bolt hole is formed through the bed of the chair, and
passing through that part of the movable jaw which is situated imme-
diately over such hole is also a bolt hole. Through these holes and a
correspondingly situated hole in the sleeper or other timber on which
the rail is fixed the bolt is passed, and a nut being screwed on such nut
the movable jaw, the bed of the chair, and the sleeper or other timber
on which the rail is fitted are secured to each other.
E

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Bond and Thomas Norman Charles in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
BOND, of Tredegar, in the County of Monmouth, and THOMAS NORMAN
CHARLES, of Argoed, in the County of Monmouth, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Robert Bond and Thomas Norman Charles, Her
special licence that we, the said Robert Bond and Thomas Norman
Charles, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Robert Bond and Thomas Norman Charles, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CON-
NECTED WITH RAILWAY CHAIRS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Robert Bond and Thomas Norman Charles, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Bond and Thomas Norman
Charles, do hereby declare tho nature of our said Invention, and in'
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say :-
-
(1.) The object of this Invention is to render the permanent way of
railways more secure, to economise labor and by rendering unnecessary
the use of ordinary railway chair keys to otherwise save expense.
"
We would here remark that in our Provisional Specification the word
keys" in the first paragraph was omitted entirely "per incuriam,”

page_text: and it will be seen on reference to the succeeding paragraphs of the
same describing the nature of the Invention that the said first paragraph
as it then stood did not properly convey the meaning intended, that is,
as to the object of the Invention.
(2.) Railway chairs in general use consist of a bed or foundation, 5
parts of which are surmounted by elevated permanently fixed pro-
jections, termed "jaws" or "cheeks," which are intended as supports to
the rail, and which with the aid of a wedge (generally described and
known as a "key" and which intervenes between one of such pro-
jections or jaws and one side of the rail) are intended to serve as a 1
means of keeping the rail in its proper position. The two jaws and
the bed are cast in the same mould and conjointly, and the casting thus
formed is known as the ordinary railway chair."
66
(3.) The wedge or key is in some instances made of iron or steel,
but more generally of wood. In the two former cases tightness cannot 1
be always (if at all) secured, but the wood key when first driven home
may (for a very short time only) fit tightly, but after exposure to atmo-
spheric influences it is] liable to shrink or decay, and when it does (or
when it falls out of the chair, which is of very frequent occurence and
consequent (amongst other causes) upon contraction caused by long 2
continued heat, more especially in hot climates and variations of tem-
perature,) it becomes useless for the purpose intended, and as a natural
consequence there is a probability of the gauge of the line ceasing to
be maintained, whereby passing trains are exposed to much danger.
(4.) Amongst other disadvantages connected with the use of the 2
ordinary kind of railway chair described above, may be mentioned the
following: If either a jaw or the bed should break the chair is rendered
altogether useless, but according to the present Invention if (by chance)
either a jaw or the bed break, (and the probability of this is very
remote) the remaining part may be used again equally well with like 8
parts to those which are broken or have otherwise become defective and
unfit for further use.
(5.) In some cases morcover half-chairs are employed, one half being
placed on each side of the rail. Corresponding holes are in this case
made in such half chairs, and in the rail which they are intended to 3
support, and a bolt being passed through such half chairs and the rail
and secured by a nut, the three (i.e., the two half chairs and the rail)
are fastened together. Now again, for example, assuming that six or

page_text: seven of such holes are made in a rail of twenty-one feet in length,
the strength of the rail must be to a certain extent diminished and this
for various reasons is a very great disadvantage; and the use of the
half chairs is generally attended with great loss of time and labor (and
consequently an increase of expense), especially when employed in con-
nection with curves.
"It is well known to practical men that in the formation of curves the
inside rail will lead the outside rail, or in other words it may be stated
that in some curves an inside rail of twenty feet eight inches long will
require for its "vis-a-vis." or parallel rail a length of twenty-one feet
this renders necessary diverse (or radiating) positions of the sleepers,
whilst the positions of the holes as punched in the rails when supplied
by the manufacturers not corresponding in each opposite rail (when
laid in this manner as a curve,) other holes have to be drilled, and
this of course at additional cost, labor, delay, and impoverishment of the
rails.
(6.) The present Invention has therefore been designed and is intended
to altogether do away with the use of keys, as used with ordinary chairs
and bolts as used with half chairs, and in fact by the employment of
efficient substitutes to supersede all such and other descriptions of chairs
which are inefficient for the purposo intended.
.
.
In order that our said Invention for "Improvements in or connected
with Railway Chairs," may be distinctly understood, we have annexed
hereunto one Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the
same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in
the following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
•
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.-1 (in the group of Figures
B) represents a plan of the improved chair (without the movable jaw)
constructed according to modification 1, and as described in paragraphs
(16) and (17).
2 is a vertical section of the same (but with the movable jaw) through
about the line a, b, shewing a bevilled nut in the cavity.
8 is a vertical section through about the line c, d.
4 is the same as 2 with a bevilled bolt head in the cavity; and 5 is
a front elevation of the same with the movable jaw 1, screwed in
position and holding the rail against the fixed jaw 2; x, x, are holes for
securing the chair to the sleeper..

page_text: 6 (in the group of Figures A) represents a plan view of the improved
chair (without the movable jaw) constructed according to the first mode
and as described in paragraphs (7) to (14).
7 is a vertical section through about the line e, f, (but with the
movable jaw) showing the bevilled head of the bolt in the cavity; and 5
8 is a similar view with the bevilled nut therein.
9 (in the group of Figures C) represents a plan view of the improved ⚫
chair (without the movable jaw) constructed according to the third
modification and as described in paragraphs (19) and (20); and 10 is
a front elevation of the same with the movable jaw in position and 1
shewing how the rail is held.
11 (in the group of Figures D) represents a plan view of the improved
chair (without the movable jaw) constructed according to the sixth
modification and as described in paragraph (26).
12 is a front elevation of the same with the jaw 1 and shewing 1
how the rail is held; and 13 is a vertical section through about the
line g, h.
14 (in the group of Figures E) represents a plan view of the improved
chair (without the movable jaw) constructed according to the seventh
modification and as described in paragraphs (27) and (28).
15 is a front elevation with the movable jaw and showing the rail
in position; and 16 and 17 are vertical sections through about the
line i, j, showing different means of fastening the parts together.
All these Figures are drawn to the scale of about one-fourth the usual
size.
(7.) The Invention consists essentially in constructing a railway chair
with two elevated jaws, one of which (1) is movable, and the other (2)
is immovable and forms part of the bed or foundation (3) of the chair.
The chair bed (3) and the elevated jaw (2) are cast simultaneously in
the same mould and therefore conjointly, whilst the other elevated and 3
movable jaw (1) is fixed in position after the rail has been laid in the
bed of the chair and is then made secure to the bed by means of a bolt
and a nut or nuts, which bolt is itself effectually held as herein-after
described. The movable jaw 1 may be removed as circumstances may
require, for instance, to admit a new rail being laid in position on the bed 3
of the chair, or to enable a rail broken or otherwise unfit for further
use to be removed from the chair or otherwise. The situations of the

page_text: jaws are so arranged that when the movable jaw 1' is tightly fixed in
its position the rail is firmly pressed against (and thus maintained in its
proper position) by both the jaws 1 and 2, and by this tight pressure
mischievous-vibration and hammering of the lower part of the rail on
the bed of the chair is prevented.
(8.) It may here be remarked that the continuous hammering of the
rail on the bed of the chair (consequent on the frequent passage of trains)
which is the case with the ordinary chairs when the rail is not tightly
held conduces to render the surface of the bottom head of the double-
headed rail so indented and uneven that when the heads are reversed,
the lower head being fixed uppermost, much unpleasantness is experienced
in travelling over it.
•
+
(9.) The mode of securing the moveable jaw 1 to the bed 3.of the
chair in order that it may retain the proper position assigned to it and
maintain its strength and resistive power to firmly support the rail in
its proper position is as follows (see group of Figs. A). In the upper
part of the bed of the chair is a cavity or hollow space, one part (4) of
which has two (and in some modifications three) of its sides dovetailed,
and which part is of sufficient dimensions to allow of a nut with bevilled
sides (or the head of the bolt when such bolt head has its sides bevilled)
to slide and fit into it and to become a secure récess for the same.
(10.) The upper portion of the other part 5 of the cavity is wider
than the upper portion of the part (4) but is not of less dimensions than
the bottom portion of the same. The larger part (5) of the cavity is
necessary as a first receptacle for the bevilled nut or bevilled sided bolt
head which is deposited into it and pushed thence into the dovetailed or
nut or bolt head retaining section (4).
(11.) On the upper part of each side of the larger part or section (5)
of the cavity the bed is slightly elevated. as at (6) and in immediate
contiguity thereto is one or more elevated projections (7), this projection
or projections, as the case may be, stand one on each side of the dove-
tailed or nut retaining part or section (4) of the cavity, or are situated in
other suitable positions on the bed of the chair and fit into a recess (or
recesses) which is (or are) formed in the under part of the movable
jaw 1. The slightly elevated parts (6) of the bed of the chair serve as
resting places for a part or parts of the moveable jaw, that is, one or
more of the two projections or fect between which the recess in the
movable jaw-is-formed."

page_text: (12.) Through the movable jaw 1 is a bolt hole (8) which is situated
immediately above the hole in the bevilled sided nut when such nut is
placed in its proper position in the dovetailed part 1 of the cavity. A
bolt 10 is introduced through the hole (8) in the movable jaw and
screwed tightly into the bevilled sided nut (9), (as shewn at 8, group 5
of Figures A), and thereby securely holds together the moveable jaw
and the bed of the chair and so hold the rail tightly and in proper
position.
(13.) In lieu of the nut (9) being placed in the dovetailed part (4) of
the cavity the bolt head may have two or more of its sides bevilled and 1
be dropped through the larger part (5) of the cavity and pushed into
the smaller or dovetailed part (4) and when the bolt head is so used
the bolt will project with its threaded part upwards which will pass
through the bolt hole 8 (as shewn at 7, group of Figures A). A nut
(or nuts) is (or are) then screwed on to the thread of the bolt and 1
will thereby effectually hold the two parts together and securely hold
the rail.
(14.) Although the under part of the movable jaw 1 may be made to
set quite flat or even on the bed of the chair, still as a rule it is so
constructed as not to fit quite close or tight on to it until the bolt is 2
firmly screwed into the nut or the nut is firmly screwed on to the bolt,
the object of the latter arrangement in the construction is to enable the
movable jaw to be made to press closely against the side of the rail and
at the same time thereby to make the rail fit quite tightly between it
(the movable jaw 1) and the permanently fixed jaw 2.
2
(15.) It will be readily understood that these improvements as herein-
before described are capable of various modifications, some of which
are hercin-after described. The elevated parts adjacent to the cavity in
the bed of the chair, also the projections, cavities, recesses, bolt holes,
bolts and nuts, described above as connected with the different com- 3
ponents of the chair, may vary in number, size, shape, and position,
and the jaws and bed of the chair may likewise vary in size, shape, and
position to suit the various descriptions, and indeed every description or
section of rail.
(10.) In one modification (illustrated in group of Figures B) the 3
movable jaw has affixed to its under part a projection (11) of downward
tendency, which fits (when the movable jaw 1 is fixed in proper position
for use) in the larger part (5) of the cavity in the bed of the chair, and

page_text: hence assists in maintaining the movable jaw 1 in position. In this
modification the position of the two parts (4 and 5) of the cavity are
reversed to those in the mode firstly described, that is, the large part (5)
is situated where the dovetailed part (4) was, as described in reference
to Figures A.
(17.) On the upper part of the bed of the chair, and surrounding the
outer end and two sides of the larger part (5) of the cavity are upward
projections (7); of these projections those on the two sides are continued.
so as to overlap or reach to a certain distance along the sides of the
dovetailed section (4), and the whole of such projections fit into a recess
or recesses (assimilating with the peculiar conformation and position
of the aforesaid projections) formed in the under part of the movable jaw.
This modification is partly described in our Provisional Specification,
in the paragraph referring to a third modification...
(18.) A further modification of this described in our Provisional
Specification as a fifth modification is as follows, and consists in adding
to the lower part of the projections or feet of the movable jaw. (described
in paragraph 11 of this Specification) a short piece of also downward
tendency, of the same width as the foot or feet of the movable jaw, and
of such a length as will enable it to occupy a space inside the larger
part of the cavity in the bed of the chair. This modification is not
illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
(19.) In a third modification (illustrated in group of Figures C) the,.
cavity in the upper part of the bed of the chair extends across the bed
of the chair, and is divided into three parts or sections, the centre section:
(4) of which forms the retaining recess for the bevilled sided nut (or the
bevilled sided bolt head) whilst either of the larger parts or sections (5)
on cach side of it may be used for the passage whence the bevilled nut
or bolt head is introduced into it.
"
•
(20.) In this case on the lower part of the movable jaw, two pro-
jections 11* are formed (of downward tendency) and of suitable and
corresponding conformation to that of the larger sections (5) of the
cavity in the bed, into which they fit and thus become auxiliaries to
the bolt and nut in maintaining the movable jaw and rail in their fixed
positions. This modification is partly described in our Provisional
Specification in the paragraphs referring to the second and the fourth
'

page_text: modifications, and is a combination of the two; there are however two
large sections, one on each side of the dovetailed part, and consequently
two projections (one at each side) on the movable jaw, to fit into the
same as described.
(21.) In a fourth modification the cavity in the bed of the chair
consists (as is the case with the two first modes, as shewn in Figures A
and B) of two sections, the larger section (5) of the cavity in the bed
is formed in (or near to) one of the sides of the bed, and is used as a
first receptacle through (or into) which the bevilled sided nut or bevilled
sided bolt head is passed (or dropped), and thence introduced into the
dovetailed section (4), or the cavity in (or near) the other side of the
bed. In this modification there is a projection of downward tendency
on that part of the movable jaw, which is situated (when the movable
jaw is fitted in proper position) so as to fit into section (5) of the cavity
in the bed.
(22.) On the opposite side of the bed and contiguous to the dove-
tailed cavity in the bed is a projection of upward tendency. This
projection is intended to fit into a recess of suitable and corresponding
conformation which is formed in the movable jaw 1. These projections
and recesses are thus auxiliaries to the bolt and nut in keeping the
movable jaw and rail in their proper positions.
(23.) In a fifth modification the larger part or section (5) of the cavity
is formed in the extreme end or in proximity thereto of the upper part
of the bed of the chair at that side, end, or part of the chair where the
movable jaw is placed, and into this section fits a projection (of down-
ward tendency and of suitable or corresponding conformation which is)
formed on the under part of the movable jaw 1. When the jaw is fixed in
its proper position on the bed of the chair; there is likewise a projection
on the upper part of the bed 3 which fits into a recess (situated in
proximity to the projection first named in this modification in the under
part of the jaw 1. The larger section (5) of the cavity in the bed is
(as in the former modes) used as a first receptacle, whence the bevilled-
sided nut or bevilled-sided bolt head is introduced into the dove-
tailed part or section (4) of the cavity. These modifications (Nos.
4 and 5) are not illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings
as they will be readily understood (on reference to their respective
descriptions).

page_text: (24.). In each and in every of the above modes a bolt and a nut or nuts
are used, whereby to secure the movable jaw to the bed of the chair and
so hold the rail between the two jaws, and in all cases when the bevilled-
sided nut or the bevilled-sided bolt head is used it is fixed in the dove-
tailed part or section (4) of the cavity in the bed, and when the bolt
head is there placed the thread of the bolt will protrude through the
movcable jaw so that a nut or nuts may be screwed on to it above or on
the surface of the upper portion of the moveable jaw (as shewn at 7,
group of figures, A) but when the bevilled-sided nut is fixed in the dove-
tailed section (4) of the cavity the bolt head itself will rest on the
upper
surface of the moveable jaw, and the thread of the bolt will be screwed
into the bevilled nut in the cavity.
.
(25.) In order to provide against the contingency of the bolt being of
unusual length a bolt holé (in cases where the bevilled-sided nut is used)
must be made through the bed of the chair so that the superfluous part
of such bolt may penetrate into or through it. In other cases there need
be no such provision.
(26.) A sixth modification (illustrated in the group of figures D) is as
follows, and in this case a cavity (4), is made in the under part instead of
in the upper part of the bed of the chair and is of sufficient dimensions
to serve as a recess for a nut or a bolt head. When the nut is fitted in
such recess (which need not be bevilled) the bolt is passed downwards
through the holes in the movable jaw and in the bed of the chair, and is
then screwed into the nut and so secures the desired parts, but when the
bolt head is fixed in such recess the bolt will, project with its thread
upwards passing through the bolt holes in the bed, of the chair and in
the.moveable jaw and will be fastened at the top by a nut or nuts. An
upward projection (or projections) 7 is (or are) formed on the upper part
of the bed of the chair so as to fit into a recess (or recesses) of suitable
and corresponding conformation formed in the under part of the movable
jaw. In this modification the sides of the bolt head or nut need not be
bevilled as an ordinary nut or bolt head will equally as well answer the
purpose required. This modification is described in our Provisional
Specification in the paragraph referring to the 1st modification:
5 (27.) By a seventh modification (illustrated in group of figures E) the
sleeper bolt or fang bolt (10), whichever may be used, serves also the pur-
poses of fastening securely the movable jaw. In our Provisional Specifi

page_text: cation the word
side was erroneously employed instead of this word
"jaw." An upward projection (or projections) 7 is (or are) formed on
the bed of the chair so as to fit into a recess of suitable and corresponding
conformation formed in the under part of the movable jaw. In our
Provisional Specification the word "rail" was erroneously employed for
"chair" in this paragraph.
(28.) A bolt hole 8 is formed through the bed of the chair and also
through a corresponding part of the movable jaw. Through these holes
and a correspondingly situated hole in the sleeper or other timber or
substance on which the chair and rail is fixed the bolt is passed, and a
nut (or nuts) being then screwed on to such bolt, the movable jaw,
the
bed of the chair (part of which, of course, at the other side of the rail
forms the permanently fixed jaw 2), and the sleeper or other timber or
substance on which the chair and rail is fitted are all firmly secured to
each other. This modification is described in our Provisional Specifica-
tion as a sixth modification. In our Provisional Specification the word
was erroneously employed for the word "bolt as it occurs in
this paragraph where underlined.
"nut
"
"
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for
Improvements in or connected with Railway Chairs" together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect, we would remark in conclusion that we claim as our
Invention, the improvements in or connected with railway chairs sub-
stantially as herein-before described and as illustrated on the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, which improvements consist essentially in
substituting (for the two immovable jaws forming the ordinary chair, and
the key used therewith to tighten and hold the rail; and also for the
·half chairs and bolts used therewith for the same purpose) a keyless
chair formed with one immoveable jaw and one moveable jaw, which latter
is secured to the bed of the chair by the means herein-before described :
and as illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings for the
purpose of steadily and securely holding the rail in its proper position
or any modification or variation thereof.

page_text: Figures B, C, D, and E, and also as described in paragraphs 15 to 28 of
this our Specification in all of which modifications the principle of our
Invention is strictly adhered to.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Bond, on behalf of myself
and the said Thomas Norman Charles, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-onc.