Improvements in Electric Telegraphic Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1889-Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Telegraphic Apparatus.
A communication, from abroad by CHARLES GOODWIN BURKE, of Richmond Hill,
County of Queens, State of New York, United States of America, Electrician.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The invention relates to receiving instruments adapted to the transmitting
instruments at present in use, and also embraces new methods and means for trans-
mission, and is applicable to the several forms of. recording signals whether by the
movements of a ray of light as produced by a mirror galvanometer, the tracings on a
paper strip as by the siphon recorder, or by the manifestations of sound where a
sounder is operated in a local circuit through the interposition of a suitable relay in
the main circuit.
The invention also relates to and provides for improved means for making and
breaking a local circuit upon any rise or fall of the potential of the line sufficient to
cause motion, and at any position of the movable parts of the circuit within their
entire range of motion.
The invention will be described in detail in connection with the accompanying
drawings, in which
Figure 1 illustrates the improved transmitter and one of the improved receivers
in plan, together with their batteries and line and local connections.
Figure 2 is a side view. of the receiver shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 illustrates the position and mounting, of the main wire coil and. the local
circuit devices.
Figures 4 and 5 show forms of coil.
Figure 6 shows a cylindrical coil and its arrangement in the field of force..
Figure 7 shows a plan of adjustment of the field of force.
Figures 8, 9 and 10 show adaptations of the coil to different modes of indicating
signals.
Figure 11 shows the mounting of a cylindrical coil, and the main and local
connections.
Figure 12 is a detail of the local circuit device.
Figure 13 shows an arrangement of cylindrical coil and. magnet, and
Figure 14 illustrates a combination of coils and magnets.
Referring to Figure 1, the improved transmitter which. has for its object the
neutralization of the detrimental effects on lines. of large static capacity or prolonged
battery contact with the line, will be described.
The magnet. M. is included in a local circuit, having the battery o and the key K.
The armature m is affixed to main arm B which is pivoted at m. The armature is
A¹ and A' are
held away from the poles of the magnet by retractile spring s.
auxiliary arms pivoted at r. The ends of the auxiliary arms farthest from the
magnet are inclined towards each other and carry contact points p³. These auxiliary
arms are connected with the main arm B by means of the friction wheels F and Fi,
the posts fand and the pins f³, f³, which latter engage the friction wheels by
means of radial slots as shown. It will be seen that the pins fand fi are attached to
the main arm B on opposite sides of its pivot, and that consequently the movement of
the armature m towards the magnet will cause the curved or inclined ends of the
auxiliary arms to approach each other and close the contact points p³. The main

page_text: line L is permanently connected with auxiliary arm A¹ and to the contact p on the
insulating piece i at the end of the main arm B. The battery 0 may be called the
clearing battery, and the battery O' the marking or operating battery..
The operation of the improved transmitter will be described in connection with
the operation of the improved receiver, which latter will now be considered.
Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the movable part of the receiver consists of a coreless
coil of insulated wire a suspended so as to turn on its axis e in a magnetic field of
force created by the magnets A. The coil a is so disposed in its relation to this
magnetic field that opposite magnetic poles will exert simultaneously on the same
face of the coil a power of repulsion and attraction at right angles thereto, and
consequently communicate to the coil a a motion directly on its axis c. Rigidly
attached to the shaft c upon which the coil a is mounted is a circuit-closing arm E
which moves with the coil a. Upon this arm is mounted a suitable contact point e
(see Figures 12 and 13) having a limited motion between stops and f¹, one of such
stops, f, forming one part of a local circuit and the other, f, an adjustable insulating
limit. Contact point may also be made adjustable. These two stops f, f, are
carried on a forked aru C having an independent centre of its own and upon which
it is free to turn, but its motion depends upon the movement of the coil a and the
circuit closing contact e playing between its stops f and f¹. It will readily be
understood that alternations of polarity at the transmitting station will cause opposito
movements in the coil a of the receiver and consequently corresponding movements in
the arm E, which operates the local circuit, one polarity causing the local circuit to be
closed, the other effecting its break. As the forked arm C and its limiting stops ff¹
have the same radius as the contact-point e playing between these stops, and must
describe the same line of motion, and being wholly dependent as to its position
on the motion of the coil a, the local circuit will necessarily be made or broken at any
point throughout the whole range of the moving parts, whenever the potential of the
line is made to rise or fall sufficient to produce motion in the coil a.
The combined operation of the improved transmitter and receiver will now be
described.
is
Again referring to Figure 1, it will be seen that clearing battery O is partly to
line through point pl and auxiliary arm A¹ and partly to earth through point p,
branch line S and resistance R, key K being open. If key K be depressed and the
power of local battery o sent through magnet M, armature m will be attracted and
main arm B set in motion, and contact at p broken. Auxiliary arms A' and A² are
at the same time simultaneously made to approach each other and contact points på
brought together, whilst contact p¹ is broken. As a result, clearing battery
entirely disconnected from the line and an impulse from operating battery O¹ communi-
cated thereto through contacts p³ and auxiliary arm A¹ which is always in contact
with the line. The power of the clearing battery being intended in addition to its
neutralizing effects on the line to move the coil a of the receiver in a direction by
which the contact-point e on the circuit-closing arm E will be carried against the
insulated stop, the local circuit of the receiver will normally be open, and as the
power of the marking battery O' will turn the coil a in the opposite direction,
the closing of key K as described will cause the coil a of the receiver to turn in the
direction which will bring the parts e and f1 by which the local circuit is made,
together, and operate by the power of the local battery a sounder or other suitable
device. If the contact of the key K is prolonged, the main arm B will be brought
in contact with point p³ and the current from marking battery O¹ be divided
through main line L and branch line S¹ proportionally to the relative resistances of
these two lines, and the potential on the main line be reduced in like proportion.
As there is no mechanical tendency in the coils a of the receiver to move in either
direction, this reduction of potential by the division of the current will not cause any
motion in the coil a and consequently will not cause any break of the local circuit,
the signal may therefore be prolonged to any desired degree by this diminished
charge, thus avoiding all the detrimental effects that would otherwise arise from so
prolonged a contact under full potential. On releasing the key K the local battery of

page_text: is broken, magnet M discharged, and main arm B is retracted by the spring S, the.
contacts p² and p being simultaneously broken, disconnecting battery O₁ entirely
from the line. The contact p₁ is also instantly closed sending the full power of
clearing battery O to line; the contact point p being subsequently closed and the
power of battery O divided between main line L'and branch line D, the effect on the
receiving instrument being the reverse of that produced by the closing of key K,
and consequently the movement of the coil a of the receiver will be in the direction
to effect the break of the local circuit. By the division of the power of the battery O
through the main line L and branch line S and which may be regulated through the
rheostat R, no marked detrimental effects can arise from any undue degree of pausing
on-the part of the operator.
In Figures 4 and 5, two coils a and-at are shown affixed some distance from the
line of suspension c ;by this arrangement a greater degree of local effect is produced
on the passage of the current, the power being exercised with a longer leverage from.
the centre of motion, the operation is however in all respects similar to where a single
coil is used.
Where two coils are employed; as shown in Figures 4 and 5, should they be so
connected that their windings would be in opposite directions, then the arrange-
ment of the poles of the field-magnets should be the reverse of that shown in Figures 1
and' 2
In
Figure 7 shows a method of adjusting the position of the magnets to the coil
whereby the relation of the latter to the lines of force changes with its movement.
this Figure it will be observed, the magnets are not in line with each other, and there-
fore the coil, when parallel with the faces of the poles of one magnet, is not parallel
to those of the other. One of the magnets has fixed to it a lug g. The thumb
screw S' passes through the post P fixed upon the base of the instrument, and by
this means the magnet is adjusted in position, as shown. When a coil is in the
position shown in this Figure, that is, standing parallel to the poles of magnet 1, and
the current passes through it, the strongest effect is produced by magnet 1, for the
reason that the lines of force created by this magnet are parallel with the
convolutions of the coil, and the current passing therein; but as soon as the coil has
turned so that it is not thus parallel, the effect of this magnet, or its power to cause
motion, in, the coil, is reduced. Now if magnet 2 is adjusted in the manner described
so that the first movement of the coil carries it in the direction which would place it
parallel to the poles of magnet, 2, then it goes into, a position whereby the strongest,
effect is produced by magnet 2, the coil having assumed a position in its relation to
magnet 2 similar to that which it originally had to magnet 1. In this manner the
coil a is in position both at the beginning and end of its movements, to have the
best effect exerted upon it by one or the other of the magnets, and the operation of
the instrument is improved thereby. And in any position the coil is under an equal
influence of the field of the combined magnets.
Figure 14 illustrates a more extended use.of this principle, there being two pairs
of magnets and four, coils, one facing each magnet. The four coils are attached to the
opposite ends of two arms which cross each other, the system having its bearings
at C: It will be perceived that the two pairs of magnets are each out of line with
each other as described with reference to Figure 7, and this may be effected in the
same manner. The coil facing magnet 1 is shown parallel to its poles, the coil
facing magnet 2 is shown somewhat inclined thereto, and the coils facing magnets
3 and 4 are still more inclined. When a current passes, over the line, the best
effect, when the parts are in the position shown in Figure 7, is exerted by the
magnet 1, for the reason heretofore given. If we suppose the four coils to be turned
slightly to the left, then the coil facing magnet 2 comes into the best position to
be affected by that magnet, and so a further movement to the left brings the coils
facing magnets 3 and 4 into the best position to be affected by the lines of force of
those magnets.
Referring to Figure 11, the coil is suspended by the fine thread B, passing through
the guide 6 and attached to the adjusting screw 6: The coil and its attachments

page_text: are supported upon the base C, having the metallic standard D. The main line L
includes the coil A, being connected thereto by its outer and inner terminals. The
coil A being suspended within the field of force of the magnet M is caused to turn
upon its axis whenever a current flows over the main line, and in a direction
depending upon the polarity of the current; the portion of the coil in proximity to the
two poles of the magnet being attracted by one pole and repelled by the other, as is.
well understood.
Upon the axis a of the coil is rigidly fixed an arm E carrying the contact point e
at its extremity. One terminal of the local circuit L' is connected with the arm E.
The other terminal of the local circuit, which includes the sounder D and the battery O,
is connected with the frame D and through this with the forked arm H. This arm
carries at its extremity the set screws h and h¹, one of them being insulated, and the
other in connection with the local battery. Áttached to the arm J of the standard D
is the sleeve K. through which the cord B passes which supports the coil A. The
arm H passes over this sleeve and is free to turn thereon. The spring Sand adjusting
nuts s, maintain a suitable friction between the arm H and the sleeve K. The con-
tact point e plays between the two adjusting stops and ¹ which are affixed at the
free extremities or prongs of the forked arm H.
It will be readily comprehended that the movement of the coil or coils of the
receiver may be utilized to operate a mirror attached thereto, and the transmitted
signals be produced by a reflected ray of light in a well known way. This is shown
in Figures 9 and 10, in which the mirror r is attached to the axis c, and the beam
of light from the source L is reflected upon the screen N. A siphon may also be
attached to these instruments and a record of the signals he made on a paper strip
in a way common to siphon recorders. This is shown in Figure 8, where the
coil a, in its supporting ring d, is attached to the siphon Y by the fibre T, and the
record P is produced.
If desired a combination of a siphon or mirror record and operation of local
circuit may be simultaneously made; or a simultaneous combination of all three
forms. Other forms of transmission and of operating the local circuit may also be
employed without departing from the principle of the invention, and different codes
and arrangements of the main and local batteries may also be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
:-
1. In a circuit-closing device, the combination of a main arm and two auxiliary
arms frictionally attached thereto, said auxiliary arms carrying circuit-closing
points which are caused to simultaneously approach or separate from each other by
the motion of the main arm.
2. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination of a coreless coil of insulated wire
in the main circuit arranged to turn upon one of its diameters, within a field of
force created by opposite magnetic poles, both of said poles being presented to one
of the faces of said coil, the section of the coil presented to one pole having
its windings in a direction opposite to those of the section presented to the other
pole.
3. In a
telegraphic instrument, the combination of a coreless coil of insulated
wire, movable within a field of force created by two magnets, one located on each
side of said coil, each presenting both its poles to one of the respective faces of
said coil, the section of the coil presented to one pole of each magnet having its
windings in a direction opposite to those of the section presented to the other pole of
the same magnet.
4. In a telegraphic instrument, a coreless compound coil composed of two parts,
movable in a field of force created by two magnets, opposite poles being presented
to the same face of each one of said parts, the section of the coil presented to one
pole of each magnet having its windings in a direction opposite to those of the
section presented to the other pole of the same magnet.

page_text: 5. In a telegraphic instrument, a coreless coil of insulated wire arranged to turn
upon one of its diameters, within a field of force created by two magnets, each
presenting opposite poles to the respective faces of said coil, the angular position of
the poles of said magnets, with reference to the coil being adjustable, the section
of the coil presented to one pole of each magnet having its windings in a direction
opposite to those of the section presented to the other pole of the same magnet.
6. In a telegraphic instrument, a cylindrical coil of insulated wire forming part
of the main circuit and suspended within a field of force formed by one or more
magnets, both poles of the same magnet being presented to the same side of the
coil.
-
7. In a telegraphic instrument, a coil of insulated wire forming part of the main
circuit, suspended within a field of force formed by one or more magnets, and a
local circuit-closing device consisting of an arm attached to the axis of the coil
noving with said coil between stops carried by a second arm turning upon an axis
coincident with the axis of the coil."
8. In a telegraphic instrument, a flat coil of insulated wire wound in two parts,
separated from each other, and fixed on each side of a common centre, movable in a
field of force created by two magnets, each magnet presenting its opposite poles to
the outer face of one of the parts of said coil, said magnets being fixed so that the
faces of the poles of one magnet are not parallel to the faces of the poles of the
other.
n.
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.