Improvements in Generators for Making Carbonic Acid Gas.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 3rd May, 1890-Accepted, 7th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Generators for Making Carbonic Acid Gas.
I, EDWARD SAMUEL CHAVASSE, of Ombersley, near Worcester, Worcestershire,
Aerated Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists of the herein described improvements in generators for
making carbonic acid gas and the said improvements are carried out as follows:-
For the purposes of this invention I provide a generating vessel which is by
preference of a vertical cylindrical form with hemispherical top and bottom. This
generator is preferably made of cast iron and lined with lead as usual and is divided
horizontally at about the centre and flanged and bolted together. Piercing the lower
part of the generator is a horizontal copper or other shaft which receives rotary
motion by a driving pulley or by other means the said shaft revolving in stuffing
boxes in the sides of the generator. Mounted upon the shaft within the generator
are two screw agitators similar to screw propellers one of a right hand thread and the
other left hand thread so that when they are set revolving they will throw the contents
of the generator towards the centre and thoroughly agitate the same. By making
one of the agitator screws a right hand and the other a left hand any end thrust on
their shaft is avoided. They can if preferred be made so as to throw the contents of
the generator outwardly from the centre instead of vice versa as above described. 1
sometimes employ a single agitator screw instead of the two screws above described
and in this case I provide a thrust bearing for the shaft.
The whitening and water mixture or other substance from which the carbonic acid
gas is generated is pumped into the generator by a small force pump operated
preferably by an eccentric on the agitator screw shaft the said eccentric being
furnished with a friction or other clutch by which it can be caused either to revolve
with the shaft or remain stationary so as to pump the whitening or other substance
into the generator as required.
I provide a pipe preferably of lead for supplying the sulphuric acid to the generator
the outlet of this pipe being situated by preference at or near the top of the generator'
so that the sulphuric acid will drop down on to the whitening inside. In order to
automatically regulate the supply of sulphuric acid to the generator in accordance
with the quantity of gas produced I provide a plug or other cock or valve in the
acid supply pipe furnished with a lever arm or other means by which the said cock or
valve can be opened or closed. This lever arm is adjustably connected to the cord or
chain leading from the top of the gas bell or holder so that when the gas bell or
holder rises above its normal position the valve or cock will be correspondingly closed
so as to diminish the supply of acid to the generator aud similarly when the gas bell
or holder falls below its normal position the valve or cock will be correspondingly
opened so as to increase the supply of acid to the generator and consequently increase
the amount of gas produced. The said lever arm is preferably connected to that part
of the chain or cord of the gas bell or holder at the lower end of which the counter-
weight is fixed this part of the chain or cord being furnished with holes at certain
distances apart into which pins can be inserted the end of the lever engaging with
these pins so as to move up or down with the cord or chain. Just before the gas bell
or holder reaches its lowest position the lever of the cock or valve will have been
moved up so far that it will slip off the pin on the said bar by which it is operated
and be caused to fall down by a counterweight so as to entirely shut off the supply of
acid to the generator thereby preventing any acid leaking through into the generator
while the same is standing.
At the bottom of the generator I provide the usual sluice or other emptying valve

page_text: and in order to prevent the atmosphere entering the generator when the said sluice
or valve at the bottom thereof is open for the purpose of removing the contents I lead
a pipe from the gas bell or holder to the generator and in this pipe I provide a back
pressure valve that is a valve opening inwardly which will adimit gas from the gas
bell or holder to the generator when the said sluice or valve is open but at ordinary
times will be closed by the pressure of the gas in the generator so as to prevent the
gas going from the generator to the gas bell or holder without going through the
purifier. An ordinary glass or other purifier for purifying the gas as it is generated
is provided as is also a safety valve as usual for preventing an excessive pressure in
the generator.
Dated this 1st day of August 1889
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Generators for Making Carbonic Acid Gas.
I, EDWARD SAMUEL CHAVASSE, of Ombersley, near Worcester, Worcestershire,
Aerated Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of the herein described improvements in generators for
making carbonic acid gas, the objects of my invention being to render the said
generators automatic, to provide improved means for agitating the charge to prevent
the atmosphere entering the generator when the spent charge is being removed
therefrom, and to automatically regulate the supply of acid to the generator and
prevent any leakage of acid into the generator when the latter is standing.
My invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings on which Fig. 1
represents in part sectional elevation a generator with automatic acid supply
regulator constructed according to this invention ;
Figs. 2 and 3 shew parts of the said regulator separately;
Fig. 4 is a vertical side section of the upper part of the generator shewing the
acid pipe;
Fig. 5 shews the junction piece at the top of the generator separately, and Fig. 6
is a plan of the generator and the said acid regulator.
The same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in all the
Figures of the drawings.
For the purposes of this invention I provide a generating vessel which is by
preference of a vertical cylindrical form with hemispherical top and bottom made in
halves, marked respectively A1 and A2, of cast iron flanged and bolted together at b,
and lined with lead as usual. This is carried by legs el ee³. Piercing the lower
part of the generator is a horizontal copper or other shaft which receives rotary
motion by the driving pulley c¹, or by other means, the shaft C revolving in stuffing
boxes a¹ a² in the side of the generator and in bearings ff in the brackets FF
Mounted upon the shaft C within the generator are two screw agitators d' d²
similar to screw propellers one of a right hand thread and the other left hand thread
so that when they are set revolving they will throw the contents of the generator
towards the centre and thoroughly agitate the same. By making one of the agitator
screws a right hand and the other a left hand any end thrust on their shaft C is
avoided. They can if preferred be made so as to throw the contents of the generator
outwardly from the centre instead of vice versa as above described. I sometimes
employ a single agitator screw instead of the two screws d d above described, and
in this case I provide an ordinary thrust bearing for the shaft C.
The whitening and water mixture or other substance from which the carbonic
acid gas is to be generated is pumped into the generator by the small force pump G
operated by the eccentric H on the agitator screw shaft 'C, this eccentric being

page_text: furnished with a clutch I operated by a hand lover by which the eccentric can be
caused either to revolve with the shaft Cor remain stationary, so as to pump the
whitening or other substance into the generator as required. This pump is carried
by the bracket F. jis the suction pipe to the pump, g' the suction valve, g² the
bucket, g³ the delivery valve and the delivery pipe through which the whitening
and water mixture flows to the generator vessel.
is the lead pipe which supplies the sulphuric acid to the generator, the outlet
of this pipe being situated by preference at or near the top of the generator
(see Fig. 4) so that the sulphuric acid will drop down on to the whitening inside.
In order to automatically regulate the supply of sulphuric acid to the generator in
accordance with the quantity of gas producod I provide a plug or other cock or
valve 1, preferably of earthenware, in the acid supply pipe furnished with a lever
arm M by which the cock or valve I can be opened or closed. This lever arm M is
by preference made in the form of a toothed sector as shewn and geared with a
vertical rack N furnished with slides n¹ n moveable in guides n³ fixed to a board o
or other support which may be fixed against a wall. The rack N is connected to the
cord or chain a leading over guide pulleys from the top of the gas bell or holder
which receives the gas from the generator. The lever arm M is, in the arrangement
illustrated, not fixed directly on to the plug of the cock as the latter, being made
of pottery-ware, might break, but is centred on a pin m¹ on the board o and is.
formed as a small toothed sector m² to gear with a similar toothed sector on the
plug of the cock 1.The teeth no of the rack N are not rigidly fixed thereto but each
is free to turn upwardly on a pin n at its root (see Fig. 3) so that when the rack is
moved downwardly on starting the generator as hereinafter described it will clear the
teeth of the lever M. The teeth are maintained in their horizontal position by
resting against stops n'. o¹ is a fixed pin passing through the slot m* in the lever M
by which the travel of the lever M is limited.
This automatic acid supply regulating apparatus operates as follows:-When the
gas bell or holder rises above its normal position the rack N will descend and the
acid cock will be correspondingly closed, by the weight of the lever arm M, so as
to diminish the supply of acid to the generator and similarly when the gas bell or
holder falls below its normal position the acid cock will be correspondingly opened
so as to increase the supply of acid to the generator and the amount of gas produced
and so bring the gas bell or holder back to its normal position. Just before the gas
bell or holder reaches its lowest position the lever M will have been moved up so far
that it will slip off the last tooth of the rack and by its weight will fall down as
far as the stop m will allow, so as to entirely shut off the supply of acid to the
generator and thus prevent any acid leaking into the generator while the same is
standing. Before restarting the generator the attendant has to raise the lever M to
its normal position so as to come properly into gear with the rack N.
At the bottom of the generator I provide the usual sluice or other emptying
valve and in order to prevent the atmosphere entering the generator through the
sluice when open for the purpose of removing the spent charge I lead a pipe r
from the gas bell or holder to the junction piece S at the top of the generator through
which the gas will flow to fill the space in the generator which was occupied by
the charge. In this pipe 1 provido an ordinary back pressure valve r¹, that is a
valve opening inwardly, which will admit gas from the gas bell or holder to the
generator in the direction of the arrow when the sluice or valve Q is open and the
spent charge is being removed, but at other times the back pressure valve r will
be closed by the pressure of the gas in the generator so as to prevent the gas
going from the generator to the gas bell or holder without going through the
purifier T. This purifier T is of the ordinary kind for purifying the gas as it is
generated which passes down the pipe u into the purifier and then bubbles up through
the water and out through the pipe V and to the gas holder. W is an ordinary
dead weight safety valve for preventing an excessive pressure in the generator.
The accompanying drawings illustrate what I consider to be the best way for

page_text: carrying my said invention into practice but it is to be understood that my invention
is not limited to the precise details shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. In a carbonic acid gas generator having an agitator for agitating the charge,
the employment of a force pump connected to the generator so as to pump the
whitening and water or other mixture into the generator whilst the gas is being
produced, substantially as described.
2. In a carbonic acid gas generator the employment of an internal screw propeller
or screw propellers for agitating the charge substantially as described.
3. In a carbonic acid gas generator the herein described improvements for
preventing the atmosphere entering the generator while the spent charge is being
withdrawn, consisting in the employment of a pipe connected to the gas holder and
to the generator in combination with a lower emptying sluice or valve in the
generator so that as the spent charge is being withdrawn gas will re-enter the
generator from the gas holder, substantially as described.
4. Mechanism arranged and operating substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings for controlling the acid supply to the
generator and for automatically shutting off the acid supply when the charge is spent,
as hereinbefore set forth.
5. The combination of parts constituting the improved carbonic acid gas generator
arranged and operating substantially as herein before described and illustrated by
the accompanying drawings whether the said acid supply regulating apparatus is used
or not.
Dated this and do..
1000
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.