IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, PROSPER AUGUSTE MAIGNEN of 22 Gt Tower Street in the city of London,
Filter Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS" to be as follows:-
My invention relates to filters in which is used a cloth or any suitable tissue or
material which will arrest a filtering medium of a pulpy or powdered nature, which
is carried by a suitable frame or support within an external case.
It is designed to afford an easily made joint, which shall be a filtering joint where
not absolutely closed, between the external case and any suitable support upon
which the cloth or tissue may be stretched, or between the case, and any suitablo
material which will, without a cloth or tissue, serve to arrest a filtering medium of
a pulpy or powdered nature and further the position and nature of the said joint
ensures that no unfiltered liquid is left above the filtering support or medium.
The frame or support carrying the cloth or suitable tissue, may be of various
forms according to the purpose to which they are to be put, as for instance,
cylindrical, or conical, or in the shape of a triangular, quadrilateral, or many sided
pyramid.
The lower part of the support may have an abrupt edge over which the covering
cloth or other tissue will hang, or it may terminate in a bevil bent parallel to the
inside face of the case, and it may be plain or grooved for tying in the edge of the
cloth or tissue.
The external case is of a shape where the joint is made to suit the internal frame
or support, and slightly coned, so that the inner frame will wedge by a downward
pressure into the outer case, and thus produce the joint required. Where the joint
is not watertight, it may be caused to aid the general filtering effect by, the
deposition upon the said joint of a filtering material of a powdered or pulpy nature,
allowed to settle thereon by natural subsidence from the unfiltered liquid.
The case may be closed by a cover and is provided with a suitable orifice for the
filtered liquid in any known manner. I may, where suitable, close the case
hermetically and provide a pressure supply or both, and in certain cases I may fit
a valve in the mouth of the ingress pipe to break the force of, or regulate the
incoming liquid. I may combine in one external tank several of my before
described cases conveniently of a rectangular inverted pyramidal form, and fitted
with an interior inversally and rectangular coned support or frame for the filtering

page_text: tissue or medium and making the aforesaid wedged filtering joint therein. The
cases are soldered or otherwise joined in a watertight manner to the exterior tank,
and the liquid to be filtered is thus supplied to the several cases from the mass of
liquid in the tank and the filtered liquid may be withdrawn from the lower portion
of the tank.
.
The frame or support of the filtering medium may be constructed with an open
orifice at the top, to serve as an air pipe, as well as completely open at the bottom,
and owing to this construction a worm for henting or cooling purposes or for
charging the filtered water with gases may be introduced, with entrance or exit
either or both from above or below.
Or I may introduce heating or other pipes into the mass of unfiltered liquid
above the filtering medium, or into the filtered liquid below the filtering frame.
In certain applications of my filters, provided with my improved wedge filtering
joint, I preferably pack the available space above the filtering support or frame
with cotton, wool, or other pulpy or powdery medium.
It is obvious that the external case of my improved filter may be formed from
an ordinary funnel such as is used in chemical laboratories, the internal frame
constructed in any of the alternative manners herein before described being wedged
down to form a filtering joint. An important advantage arises from the fact that
for laboratory use where the liquids are valuable and the operation delicate, the
whole sample to be filtered will be passed without residuum through the filtering
frame and joint, and thus the whole filtrate and the whole of the precipitate. or
impurities in the sample may be collected. To ensure this the filtering medium
such as pulp may be previously washed until all the impurities are removed to a
test before deposit upon the filtering frame thus affording exact estimate of the
precipitate.

page_text: CUBILETE SPECIFICATION.
I, PROSPER AUGuste Maignen, late of 22 Great Tower Street, but now of
32 Saint Mary-at-Hill, both in the City of London, Filter Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to filters in which is used a cloth or any suitable fabric or
material, which will arrest a filtering medium of a pulpy or powdered nature, and
which is carried by a suitable frame or support within an external casing. It is
designed to afford an easily made joint, which shall be a filtering joint where not
absolutely closed, between the case and any suitable support upon which the cloth
or fabric may be stretched, or between the case and any suitable material which
will, without a cloth or fabric serve to arrest a filtering medium of a pulpy or
powdered nature. Further the position and nature of the said joint ensures that
no unfiltered liquid is left above the filtering support or frame.
In order that my invention may be tho botter understood, I now proceed to describe
the same, reference being had to the drawings hereto annexed and to the lettera
and figures marked thereon. Like letters refer to like parts throughout the
drawings.
Figure 1 shows my device adapted to an ordinary filter.
Figure 2 shows an alternative form of the same.
Figures 3 and 4 show suitable designs for purposes where large quantities of
liquids or semi liquids have to be treated.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 show various forms of my device, applied in a funnel.
Figure 9 shows my device in combination with an internal pipe and an upper
orifico and air pipe.
Figure 10 shows my device in combination with an air pipe and external pipe.
Figure 11 shows a filter embodying my device which is so designed as to pack
in very small space for export.
Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15 show the various parts of the same as they would
appear when packed.
The frames or supports A carrying the cloth P or suitable fabric, may be of
various forms according to the purposes to which they are to bo put, as for instance,
cylindrical or slightly tapered, figure 11 or conical, figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, or in the
shape of a triangular, quadrilateral, or many sided pyramid, or in any other con-
venient shape as for instance those shown in the various figures.
The lower part of the support or frame may have an abrupt edge as in
Sgures 1, 3 and 6 over which the covering cloth or other fabric will hang, or it may
terminate in a bevel, bent parallel to the inside face of the case as shown in
igures 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, and which may be plain or grooved for tying in
he edge of the cloth or fabric. The case B is of a shape where the joint is mado
o suit the internal frame or support, and slightly coned, so that the inner frame
vill wedge by downward pressure into the outer case, and thus produce the joint
equired.

page_text: Where the joint is not watertight it may be caused to aid the general filtering
effect by the deposit upon the said joint of a filtering material of a powdered or
pulpy nature, allowed to settlo thereon by natural subsidence from the unfiltered
liquid. The case may be closed by a cover C and is provided with a suitable
orifice D for the filtered liquid in any known manner.
I may, where suitable, close the case hermetically, and provide a pressure supply,
or, I may fit a valve in the mouth of the ingress pipe, as at E in figure 2 to break
tho force or regulate the incoming liquid.
I may combine in one external tank, 'figure 3, several of my before described
cases B conveniently of a rectangular inverted pyramidal form fitted with interior
inversely and rectangularly pyramidal supports or frames A for the filtering
fabric P and medium, and making the aforesaid wedge filtering joint therein. The
cases B are joined in a watertight manner to the exterior tank H, and the liquid
to be filtered is thus supplied to the several cases from the mass of liquid in the
tank, and, apertures being left under the fixod cases A the filtered liquid is collected
in the lower portion of the tank, whence it can be drawn by any suitable means.
These frames are covered with suitable fabric caps.
Referring now to figure 4 a sories of frames or supports soldered to one another
and fitted upon a grid or false bottom form a complete filtering case. The fabric is
stretched upon this and kept in place by the wedges K held down by the cross
piece L the whole device making a joint with the inclined sides of the tank at H.
The faces of these frames are shown inclined to one another at a considorable angle
but they may be used at any smaller angle or even parallel to one another. The
ends of the cases are closed and the wedges jambing the cloth P by means of set
screws R or other suitable means effect the complete closure at the ends, the joint
being made at the sides of the tank.
The frame or support A of the filtering fabric P may be constructed with an open
orifice M at the top, to serve as an air pipe as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10
and 11. They may also be completely left open at the bottom, and owing to this
construction, as shown in figure 9, a worm for heating or cooling purposes or for
charging the filtered water or other liquids with gases may be introduced, with
entrance or exit either or both from above or below. Or, I may introduce heating
or other pipes into the mass of the unfiltered liquid above the filtering medium, as
in figure 10 or into the filtered liquid below the filtering frame.
In certain applications of my filters, I may pack the available space above the
filtering support or frame with cotton-wool, or with other pulpy or powdery
medium, or with charcoal.
It is obvious that the external case of my improved filter may be formed from
an ordinary funnel, such as is used in chemical laboratories, shown in figures 5, 6,
7, 8 and 9, the frame, constructed in any of the alternative methods herein before
described, being wedged down to form a filtering joint. An important advantage
arises from the fact that for laboratory use, where the liquids are valuable and the
operation delicate, the whole sample to be filtered will pass without residue of the
liquid through the filtering fraine and joint, and thus the whole filtrate and
the whole of the precipitate or impurities in the sample may be collected. To
ensure this, the filtering medium, such as pulp, may be previously washed until all
the impurities are removed, to a test, before deposit upon the filtering frame, thus
affording the exact estimate of the precipitate.
Figure 8 represents the frame of platinum or other wire gauze, in which case
the fabric may be dispensed with, the palp being deposited by subsidence direct on
the gauze. Where sludgy or semi liquid material is under treatment for desiccation
this kind of frame is applicable, as also for the formation of infusions. It may be
used in any other of the modifications of my device.
Referring now to figures 11, 12, 13, 14, & 15, my filter is designed for export.
The cone shape of the casing B permits of its being packed in quantity, as shown
in figure 15 as a nest. Similarly, the slightly taper form of the filtering frame A
will allow of the same result, as shown in figure 12; the lids being packed, a

page_text: shown in figure 14; and a subsidiary screen to arrest coarse impurities and protect
coarse carbon or other filtering medium that may be filled in over the frame, as
shown in figure 13.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature and object of my
invention, and the manner of its performance, I declare that what I claim is
1st The combination with any suitably formed filtering frame or combination of
frames, of a case or cases inclined thereto at the point of junction and corresponding
therewith in form, to form a wedge joint, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
2nd The combination with my first claimed device, alternatively or in con-
junction, of an upper orifice or orifices fitted or not with a tube or tubes; of a
worm or pipe below the frame for heating, cooling, or other purposes; of piping
above the frame or frames for heating cooling, or other purposes; all substantially
as specified.
3rd The combination of filtering case, wedged joint, pressing cross piece, and
tank with inclined sides, substantially as specified in relation to figure 4.
4th The construction of a jamming filtering device, which may be applicable to
funnels, substantially as specified in relation to figures 5 to 9.
5th The construction of the various parts of a filter embodying my device, so
that they shall nest one into the other for purposes of packing, substantially as
specified in relation to figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.