IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INTERMEDIATE PARTS FOR ATTACHING VARIOUS UTENSILS AND OTHER ARTICLES TO THEIR HANDLES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Lee of Hampstead, London, in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INTERMEDIATE PARTS
FOR ATTACHING VARIOUS UTENSILS AND OTHER ARTICLES TO THEIR HANDLES,
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Lee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1883.
"IMPROVE-
JOSEPH LEE of Hampstead London in the County of Middlesex
MENTS IN THE INTERMEDIATE PARTS FOR ATTACHING VARIOUS UTENSILS AND
OTHER ARTICLES TO THEIR HANDLES ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
"
My invention has for its object improvements in the intermediate parts for
attaching various utensils and other articles to their handles also applicable to
other purposes by which means I am enabled to cast a lighter and more elegant
intermediate part with a less quantity of metal than heretofore.
I will explain my invention as applied to a childs sand spade: Instead of
making the intermediate part solid as now used I make a frame or skeleton socket
by forming slots or other openings in the socket longitudinally or otherwise to
finish with round or other edges and round, hollow or other ornamental ends. These
slots are formed by the mould right through the socket sides, only leaving sufficient
metal to form a complete ring at the top of the several bars connecting this ring
with the lower portion of the socket joining on to the spade or other article. In
thus shaping the socket I do not lessen its capacity for receiving an equally large
handle and the slots or other perforations are altogether apart from and in excess
of the usual hole or holes for securing such handles in their positions. I also form
the sockets in a similar manner as regards these slots or ornamentations when they

page_text: are cast with two tongues as secured to me in a former Patent N° 991 of 1875 i. e
I lighten out the tongues themselves so as to form mere skeletons or frames. The
effect of this is not only to produce a lighter tool for a child but the recessed
panels or other openings or figures so formed in the socket or other intermediate
part produce a very pleasing effect to the eye as the handle is generally made of
light coloured timber varnished which contrasts with the deeper colour of the
intermediate part. These sockets, tongues or intermediate parts I cast from
suitable molten metal of various kinds, but generally from cast iron which is
afterwards converted into malleable cast iron.
Of course the variety of shapes and effects producible in carrying out my 1
invention are exceedingly variable without departing from the principle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Lee in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd July
1883.
JOSEPH LEE of Hampstedd, London in the County of Middesex
" 'IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE INTERMEDIATE PARTS FOR ATTACHING VARIOUS UTENSILS AND
OTHER ARTICLES TO THEIR HANDLES ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
"
My invention has for its object improvements in the intermediate parts for
attaching various utensils and other articles to their handles also applicable to
other purposes by which means I am enabled to cast a lighter and more elegant
intermediate part or other article with a less quantity of metal than heretofore.
I will explain ny invention as applied to a childs sand spade as shown by
Figure 1 front elevation and Figure 2 back clevation on the accompanying
drawings. Instead of making the intermediate part A solid as now used I make
a frame or skeleton socket by forming slots or other openings b, b¹, b³ and b³ in the
socket longitudinally or otherwise to finish with rounded or bevelled edges and
round hollow or other ornamental ends. These slots b' and b' are formed by the
mould completely through the front of the intermediate piece as shown by Figure 1
and the slots b' and b³ at the back of the spade are also formed through the socket
sides or intermediate piece only leaving sufficient metal to form a complete ring cat
the top of the several bars which connect the ring c to the lower portion d of the
socket which joins on to the spade or article E by means of one two or more
rivets which are cast as a part of the intermediate piece A as shown more clearly
by the modification Figure 3 which only differs from those shown by Figure 1
and 2 by having but two slots g and g' and two bars h, and h'. Figures 4 also
illustrate further variations in the mode of forming the intermediate pieces. In
these modifications supplemental connecting bars k and k' may be used, or there
may be several such bars such as k², kª and . I also form the sockets in a similar
manner as regards these slots or ornamentations when they are cast with two
tongues as secured to me by former Patent No 991 A.D. 1875 i.e a back tongue n
and front tongue m as shown by side elevation Figure 7 and back elevation
Figure 8 which illustrates the upper portion of a fork. In this case I only show
the one slots but both tongues may be thus lightened out into mere skeletons or
frames.
Another modification is shown by Figure 5 where the rake and socket aro cast
in one piece or casting with the slots t. Or the slots may be inclined or cast
spirally as shown by the modification Figure 6. The effect of thus casting the
sockets of many various articles is not only to produce them lighter but the
recessed parts or other openings or figures so formed in such sockets produce a
very pleasing effect to the eye as the handle or other internal part according to the
purpose may be made of light coloured timber varnished which may contrast with
the darker colour of the interinediate part or socket. In thus shaping sockets I do
not lessen their capacity for receiving an equally large handle or other article or
filling up piece and the slots or other perforations are altogether apart from and in
excess of the usual hole or holes for securing such handles in their positions
These sockets tongues or other intermediate parts are cast from suitable molten
metal of various kinds but generally from cast iron which is afterwards converted
into malleable cast iron.
Of course there are a variety of shapes and effects producible in carrying out
my invention without departing from the principle and a number of various articles
having metallic sockets to which it may be applied.

page_text: Having therefore described and ascertained my said invention of improvements
in the intermediate parts for attaching various utensils and other articles to their
handles also applicable to other purposes and the mode of carrying the same into
practical effect I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
details herein set forth but what I do claim is:-
First:-The construction of intermediate pieces for childrens sand spades and
the sockets of other various articles of bars or skeleton frame work substantially as
herein set forth.
Second The improvements in intermediate pieces or sockets herein set forth and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Leo have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty eighth day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
TACKnn T TA