matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
APPLIANCE FOR SUSPENDING TROWSERS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shepley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1878.
JAMES SHEPLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster.
APPLIANCE FOR SUSPENDING TROWSERS."
"AN IMPROVED
The Invention consists of a small appliance to be attached to the ends of the
ordinary elastic or other braces or suspenders, so as to enable them to be attached
to or detached from the trowsers without the use of buttons or button holes.
The Invention consists of a small hinged clamp, which takes hold of the band of
the trowsers, and which is so contrived that any increased pull or strain upon the
brace tightens the hold of the clamp upon the garment.
The clamp is also so arranged that the strain locks the clamp fast, so that the
withdrawal of all strain will not release the clamp without moving a small slide by
band.
The movable jaw of the clamp is provided with a spring, so that it cannot act
till the slide has been moved, but upon moving the said slide the clamp opens at
once.
It is evident that clamps so constructed are equally applicable to the suspension
of breeches, knickerbockers, or other similar articles of dress.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRAMES FOR PICTURES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert James Coningsby and Albert
Grover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October
1878.
ROBERT JAMES CONINGSBY, of Croydon, and ALBERT GROVER, of Mitcham, both
in the County of Surrey. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
FRAMES FOR PICTURES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of frames for pictures,
also applicable for other purposes.
In making picture frames according to our Invention we employ an engraved
plate on which we place a sheet of gold or other foil backed with tin foil; this foil
is then pressed into the impression in the plate by the pressure of a suitable pad;
plaster of Paris is then poured into the impression so made, and the frame is
complete.
The Invention is also applicable as a substitute for paper in the decoration of
walls, and for other ornamental purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRAIN TRAPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878. A communication from
abroad by Horace Palmer, of Rochester, in the State of New York, United
States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRAIN TRAPS." A communication from abroad by Horace Palmer, of
Rochester, in the State of New York, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to provide a dry trap for the laterals of street
sewers, etc., which shall be simple in construction, and the valve of which, acting
automatically, shall be so sensitive during the first part of its movement in opening
as to permit the discharge through the trap at any time of a very small quantity
of water, and at the same time insure its closing perfectly against its vertical seat
immediately after the flow ceases.
Its nature consists in a peculiar method of hanging the valve by an open hinge
hook having a bevelled bearing, and the employment of a guard to prevent its
being unmounted after the trap is set.
The Invention can be performed in metal or earthenware by making the body of
the trap in one casting and with a round top, though they may be made square,
having a curved back, together with a vertical seat for the valve to close against,
and by flattening the sides of the case from the top of the valve downward, and
extending them somewhat beyond the plane of the circumference of the body on
the valve side providing a rectangular opening and seat for the valve to close
against.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOWING PATHS AND BANKS OF CANALS AND INLAND WATERS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jane Cross at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1878.
JANE CROSS, of Farnworth, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOWING PATHS AND BANKS OF CANALS AND
INLAND WATERS."
The swift transit of steam and other vessels upon canals and other inland waters
has hitherto been discouraged on account of the damage done to the sides and
banks of such waters and to adjacent propery in consequence of the extreme
agitation or displacement of the water resulting from such swift transit, and it is
the object of the present Invention to provide for swift transit upon such waters,
and to obviate the foregoing objections.
Now this Invention consists in forming cavities in or making the sides and
towing paths of canals or the embankment of inland waters hollow, or partially
so, above the level or surface of the water, as and for the purposes herein-after
described.
In carrying my Invention into practical effect I propose as one method of
applying the same, say to canals, to use tanks, say of ten feet length, two feet deep,
and the width of the towing path. These tanks are open at the sides and should
be laid on flat, or nearly so, on the towing path or embankment of the canal with
their open sides next to and parallel with the water, and may or may not be close to
the surface of such water, so that when the water is agitated or displaced by a
passing vessel instead of as now rolling on and over or against the embankment,
such water will surge into the tank or hollow so formed, and when the vessel has
passed, the water will return to its channel again and thus not be wasted or do any
damage.
These tanks or hollows may be constructed of iron, wood, or any other suitable
material, and to secure the same from the possibility of displacement, owing to
the violent agitation of the water or from any other cause, I would have them
stayed and securely fixed in position, for instance, by a suitable outside fence
embedded close to the tanks, or by a portion of said tanks being so constructed as
to be driven into the earth, or by having chains secured to the tanks and to the
rn 077

page_text: bottom or sides of the channel, or to heavy flagstones or other suitable weights
lying within the channel or secured in position in any other suitable manner, and
if deemed advisable the open sides of such tank or hollow may be enclosed by
grids or be perforated.
Hollow or cavity embankments thus constructed and applied would not be a
depreciated as towing paths for horses, and the fact of the greater elevation of the
same would lighten the strain of towing for horses.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, OR SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1878.
JOHN CLAYTON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, OR SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
My improvements relate more particularly to machines used in the manufacture
of bricks, in which two or more pressures are given to the brick or similar article,
and consist in the first part in supplying the mould with an additional or extra
supply of clay after the brick has received its first mould and pressure.
It will be seen that this first mould and pressure decreases the bulk of the clay
and creates a certain amount of space in the mould, which is then supplied by the
filler trough with a second supply of clay before the second pressure is given. This
result can be obtained by the filler trough and upper plunger, both having two or
more motions, for the under piston one motion.
It will be understood that so long as the under piston remains wholely or
partially down, the brick or mould can receive any number of supplies of clay by
the filler trough, and also any number of pressures by the upper plunger, until the
brick is forced out of the mould by the under piston.
The second part of my improvements consist in the application of a pannel, plate,
or tongue fixed or otherwise secured to a stem, which passes through the upper or
under piston, and may be operated on by cam or eccentric placed on the saine
shaft that actuates the upper or under piston or plunger.
Its mode and action is as follows:-The mould being filled with clay, and the
pannel, plate, or tongue being level or flush with the surface of the piston or plunger,
the clay receives its first mould and pressure. The paunel, plate, or tongue is then
pushed forward by the cam or eccentric, and in this position there will be a certain
amount of space left around the pannel, plate, or tongue. The brick then receives
another pressure, thereby forcing the clay around the sides of the pannel, plate, or

page_text: tongue, forming a pannel in the under or upper side of the brick. By these means
any air fractures caused by the first compression is consolidated, a better and much
tougher brick is made, also a much better face or skin is obtained.
The first and second parts of my Invention may be worked either separately or
in connection with each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTED FORMS INTENDED TO BE SUBSEQUENTLY FILLED UP IN WRITING, AND THEN COPIED BY THE ORDINARY COPYING PRESS OR LIKE MEANS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Schwez at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1878.
ARTHUR SCHWEZ, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRINTED FORMS INTENDED TO BE SUBSEQUENTLY FILLED UP IN WRITING, AND
THEN COPIED BY THE ORDINARY COPYING PRESS OR LIKE MEANS."
My Invention relates to means by which I am enabled to fill up printed forms
in writing with ordinary letter copying ink, and then to take a copy in the ordinary
copying press, so that not only the written part of the form but the printed part
will copy in the press, and thus a complete copy of the document will be obtained.
My Invention consists in printing the forms from type, plates, or other means
with ink of a character similar to that known as manifold copying ink, which will
copy when pressed in contact with moistened letter copying paper in the ordinary
letter copying press.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTE ACTIONS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Green and Charles Savage at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1878.
GEORGE GREEN and CHARLES SAVAGE, of Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTE ACTIONS."
The improvements refer more particularly to that part called the escapement of
the action, and consist in the use of loose centres instead of clothed notch in hammer
butt, thereby lessening friction, promoting durability, and obtaining a perfect
repetition.
The improvements may be performed by making the various parts of wood and
pivotting them on pin centres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING AND BUFFING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGONS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dugald Drummond at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1878.
"
DUGALD DRUMMOND, of Cowlairs, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING AND BUFFING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND WAGONS."
This Invention has for its object to arrange coupling and buffing apparatus for
railway carriages and wagons in an improved, simplified, and combined manner, and
so as to render it unnecessary for porters or others to enter between the carriages or
wagons for coupling or uncoupling.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification there is fixed on each
headstock or end transverse piece of the carriage or wagon frame a casting formed
with two projecting heads or boxes placed one on each side of the centre. One of
the two boxes is fitted with a buffer which bears on springs within the box, and
which is formed in the same piece with or is fixed to a draw-bar passing through
the headstock to draw springs inside. The enlarged outer end or head of the buffer
is made to forin part of the coupling. The second head or box on each headstock is
made with an open conical or trumpet-like mouth-piece of a size such that the
buffer of the next carriage or wagon can enter it easily, and the inner part of it is
fitted with a spring or springs for the buffer to strike against. A segmental catch
with a bevilled lower edge is fitted in a slot in the top of the mouth-piece in a
position such that the buffer head raises it on entering, but passing beyond it allows
it to fall on the neck of the buffer, so as to retain the buffer head. A spring is by
preference applied to insure the descent of the catch, and a lever is provided for
raising it when uncoupling.
The uncoupling lever may be arranged in various ways, but in one modification
it is a simple two-armed lever placed transversely with an end accessible at each
side of the carriage or wagon.
When the combined coupling and buffing apparatus is used the ordinary side
buffers may be dispensed with.
The pairs of parts (each pair consisting of a buffer head and a coupling mouth-
piece, as herein-before described) are fixed on the several carriage or wagon ends
Dion 937

page_text: with the same part always similarly placed, so that in whatever way two carriages
or wagons may be brought together the buffer and mouth-piece of one will face the
mouth-piece and buffer of the other respectively. Then when the two carriages or
wagons are forced together the buffer heads enter the mouth-pieces and engage with
the catches, the carriages or wagons becoming thus doubly connected with all the 5
buffer and draw springs in positions to do full duty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF HINGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Homer Beaudet, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF HINGES." [A communication from abroad by Homer Beaudet, of
Paris, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention relates to a novel construction of hinge for doors, the object being
to effect an economy in the manufacture, and to facilitate the fitting of the hinges
in place. To this end the hinge is made of two stout screws or holdfasts, which
are formed with rounded heads, such heads being pierced vertically to form a
socket for a vertical coupling pin, which completes the hinge. In applying the
hinge, the screws are secured the one into the door frame and the other into the
door jamb, so as to bring their sockets into a vertical position. The screws being
set in the woodwork at such a level relatively to each other as to allow of one
underlying the other, the coupling pin is formed with a collar at about the middle of
its length, which collar serves not merely to keep the coupling pin in place when
inserted in the lower socket, but also as a bearing piece for receiving the friction of
the moving part of the hinge, or that which is attached to the door. Hinges of
this construction will admit of the door being unhinged and replaced with great
facility, and will render unnecessary the use of screws as heretofore required to fix
them in place.
AND APPERTAINING TO KECKING' OR TIPPING WAGONS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rimmer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1878.
THOMAS RIMMER, of Ormskirk, in the County of Lancaster.
IN AND APPERTAINING TO KECKING' OR TIPPING WAGONS."
$
"IMPROVEMENTS
In drawing manure and other matters in tipping carts only a limited quantity
can be taken at once, while if drawn in wagons the manure has to be thrown off by
hand. This applies also to other things besides manures. Now my Invention is
designed to enable the farmer or carter to use a two or more horse wagon for the
same use that tipping carts have hitherto been applied to.
I construct the wagon with the hinder part considerably over-hanging the hind
wheels. The hind axletree is connected to the wagon sole plates preferably by
stout carriage springs. Hinged to the sole plates behind the hind axle are a pair
of stout beams, free to rotate vertically relatively to the wagon's sole, but rigid
horizontally; on these the fore part of the wagon rests, and these beams in turn
are supported by, rest on, and are preferably attached to a bogie. The front wheels
can thus swivel on the bogie centre and get the two beams, and consequently the
wagon body, rest with their centre line over the bogie centre. The wagon body is
attached to the bogie by a pin or kecking bolt that can be made fast or be drawn
out as required by the wagoner. In using the wagon as long as the load has to be
carted the kecking bolt is made fast; when tipping is required the bolt is with-
drawn. A chain is now fastened to the rear of the wagon and to a pin on the
wheel or round a spoke and the felloe, the wagon is next backed, and the wheel
being thus scotched the leverage of the beams and the pull of the chain combined.
with the weight of the partially overhanging load over-balances the body and the
load is tipped. To right the cart simply draw forward. As the load is emptied
TD 071

page_text: and the chain relaxes and eventually pulls from the top of the wheel the body flies
back into its normal position and the kecking bolt is re-applied. Scotching the
back wheels will do instead of the chain but is not quite so efficient, and the chain
has an additional advantage in that it is useful as a brake or clog in going down
steep hills.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LIFE PRESERVING APPARATUS OR BUOYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1878.
GEORGE EDWARD HALL, of Herne Hill, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LIFE PRESERVING APPARATUS OR BUOYS."
The object of this Invention is to provide an efficient life preserving apparatus
or buoy, at the same time of a portable nature, and easy of application to the
body.
•
"
The apparatus is provided with a collar or neck piece made of cork, covered with
leather or any other suitable material, which is passed over the head of the wearer,
and oval or other shaped flaps or neck pieces rest on the shoulders.
The flaps or
neck pieces may be of any desired shape and size.
The sides of the flaps of the collar are connected by elastic or other suitable bands
to sleeves or armlets made of leather, hide, skin, canvas, or other suitable material,
having cork, or pieces of cork connected thereto. The framework of the sleeves
is preferably made of open work material on the inner sides, with the cork on the
outer.
The sleeves may extend to the elbows only, or down to the hands, with divisions
or spaces at the elbow to allow of the free action of the arms of a swimmer. To
prevent the sleeves from slipping off they may be formed or fitted with elastic
pieces, or other suitable parts for securing the same.
A life line may be applied to the apparatus for throwing the same to a person in
the water, or for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO SECONDARY GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Stansfield Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1878.
JOSHUA STANSFIELD WILSON, of 13, Esplanade West, Sunderland, in the County
of Durham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO SECONDARY GALVANIC
BATTERIES."
This Invention is designed to produce a cheap, and at the same time powerful
secondary battery.
I use iron for the cathode and anode, and a saturated solution of one or
more of certain salts, rich in oxygen, the salt at present preferred being nitrate
of soda and a saturated solution of sulphate of soda or other soluble salt, the
acid of which makes a soluble salt with iron. The solutions in the case of the
two salts named are preferably mixed in equal proportions, and form the electro-
lyte of the secondary cells or battery. I also apply an electro-magnet with a
vibrating spring between the primary battery, and the secondary one to act as a
contact breaker, so that the current from the secondary battery will be aproxi-
mately constant and alternate, first, in the direction of the primary battery, and
then contrary to the primary current.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIME, CEMENT, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Crosland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1878.
EDWARD CROSLAND, of Arnside, in the County of Westmoreland, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIME, CEMENT, AND OTHER LIKE
MATERIALS."
With a view to economy and superiority of material manufactured I propose to
burn them with gas in the following way-First I build a shaft or hollow erection
somewhat similar to an ordinary lime kiln but very wide at the bottom, part way
up which I build a division so that the original charge put in at the top is divided
into two streams as it descends, and is discharged at two separate openings at the
bottom. Outside this kiln, but as close thereto as possible, I build a gas producer,
similar in general construction to those usually used in ironworks for the supply of
gas furnaces. From this gas producer I form a flue leading the gas into a cavity
formed in the before-named division. This cavity extends nearly to the top of the
division, and has formed in the top thereof a number of small openings, nearly hori-
zontal but slightly dipping, through which the gas flows into the charge of material
to be burned. From this same cavity an annular flue inay be formed in the outside
walls of the kiln with openings similar to those from the top of the cavity before
described, thus entirely surrounding the charge with jets of gas. The air for burning
this gas is admitted from the bottom of the kiln through the discharging door or
other opening formed for that purpose, which as it ascends becomes heated by
passing through the burned charge, and by the time it arrives opposite the gas jets
is of a bright red heat. The gas being made so close to the place where it is burned
is also of a very great heat, so that at the point of ignition the heat evolved is
intense and the combustion perfect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN, AND FOR SEPARATING IT INTO BEERS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Warburton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1878.
56
SAMUEL WARBURTON, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Mill Manager.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN, AND FOR SEPARATING IT INTO
BEERS."
My Invention is applicable in all cases where it is desirable to wind together any
convenient number of yarns, whether off bobbins, beams, or warps, and form them
into beers.
The yarns from the bobbins, beam, or warp, after being separated into the
number of ends required, are passed through a wraith or reed. The yarns so sepa-
rated are then taken through revolving tubes, by which a false twist is given. The
yarns then pass between calendar rollers, and are pressed into the form of narrow
tapes. The whole of these narrow tapes are then taken through a trumpet mouth
or guide, and after passing between a pair of rollers they are made into a bundle,
or otherwise disposed of. In some cases the revolving tubes may be dispensed with,
and guide eyes used in their stead.
The details of the other parts of the machinery may also be varied.
The calender rollers are driven at different speeds when required by means of
pulleys and bands, one pulley being fixed to the driving shaft and the other to the
driving pulley; this is desirable in order to be able to reduce the speed when
approaching the end of the beam, or where any defect in the yarn has to be
remedied.
'
When the yarns are drawn off a beam they are kept at the proper tension by a
swing frame, which, when the machine is stopped, falls over and applies a break.
A NEW METHOD OF FASTENING BUTTONS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Serraillier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1878.
AUGUSTE SERRAILLIER, of 42, Georgina Street, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex. A NEW METHOD OF FASTENING BUTTONS."
"
A system of automatic fastening of buttons and other similar articles by means
of a slank, shaped with head, neck, and shoulder, passing through the cloth, leather,
or other material, and fitting into a circular metal socket in the knob or disc of the
button; the socket being so devised that on the shank being pressed into it up to its
shoulder the edge of the socket is forced to bend in and close round the neck of the
shank, and so prevent the latter from being withdrawn.
The accompanying Drawings shew three modes of practising this system.
A is the slank, and a, b, c, its head, neck, and shoulder respectively.
B is a sectional view of the disc or knob of a button with the metal socket (c)
in its centre, (e, e,) shewing the edge of the orifice of the socket, which should be
of equal diameter with the head (a) of the shank. On the shank being inserted in
the socket and pressed in until the shoulder (c) is forced against the thin metal cir-
cumference (e, e,) of the orifice, the latter bends inwards and closes, round the neck
(b) of the shank, as shewn in Drawing C.
Drawing D is a view of the button fastened upon a piece of cloth or leather by
this process.
Drawing E shows in section another kind of disc or socket, the same form of
shank (A) being employed. In the underside of the button a thin metal disc (f,,)
is fixed slightly convexed outwards and having in its centre a small circular hole (g)
into which the shank is inserted until the shoulder (c) presses against the disc and
forces the latter into the concave pocition shewn in Drawing F. If it be now
attempted to withdraw the shank by moderate force the disc (f) tends to be drawn
by the head of the shank into a flat position by which the circumference of the hole

page_text: in its centre tends to decrease, and so prevents the head of the shank from passing
through it.
Drawing G shews a third application of the disc system. In this case the disc
(f. f.) forms-the-underneath-of-the-button, and the circumference-of-the-hole-(g)-in-
the centre of the disc is made to slightly bend inwards, so that when the shank is
pressed into it it is caught by the neck and prevented returning.
A PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL CHLORIDE AND SULPHATE OF ZINC
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Farnham Maxwell Lyte at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1878.
FARNHAM MAXWELL LYTE, of the Scientific Club, Savile Row, in the County of
Middlesex, Esquire. "A PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL CHLORIDE
AND SULPHATE OF ZINC."
Both the chloride of zinc and sulphate of zinc as produced in various processes
frequently contain foreign metals, such as iron, lead, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and
copper, either severally or mixed.
For certain purposes in which salts of zinc may be employed, the presence of
these foreign metals may be obnoxious. They can be conveniently abstracted from
the said zinc chloride or sulphate by the following process of my Invention, viz., by
adding to the solution of the same an alkaline or earthy hypochlorite, such as
hypochlorite of soda or bleaching powder, or a solution of hypochlorite of zinc may
be employed for the same purpose.
The zinc solution should by preference be made completely neutral before the
hypochlorite is added, and the addition of chalk or any alkali or alkaline earth or
zinc oxide promotes the precipitation of the peroxides formed. It will also
accelerate the precipitation to heat the solution after adding the hypochlorite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FABRICS PRODUCED ON THE BOBBIN-NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Archer, George Archer, and
Frederick Draper at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd.
November 1878.
JAMES ARCHER, GEORGE ARCHER, and FREDERICK DRAPER, trading in the names
of Archer Brothers and Draper, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FABRICS PRODUCED ON THE
BOBBIN-NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES."
Our improvements relate to the fabrics known in the trade by the names of
beau-ideal Albion everlasting crochet and embroidery trimmings.
Heretofore such fabrics have been made with the band edge of one breadth
joined by a draw thread or threads to the fancy edge of the next adjoining breadth
or the fancy edge, or the edges of an insertion with a draw thread between them,
or the band edges with the draw thread between them; our improvements consist
in making such fabrics with a looped fringe upon one or both edges thereof, to
produce which we proceed as follows:-Instead of arranging the bars in the
machine to cause the threads they carry to produce the bands or fancy edges close
to each other linked together by a draw thread or threads, we arrange the bars in
the machine so that the threads they carry produce the bands or fancy edges as
far asunder as the length of fringe or fringes we wish to produce on either or both
edges; such fringe we make by placing the bars carrying the threads either in the
centre of the bars which carry the threads to produce the bands and fancy edges
or the edges of insertions, or else place the bars carrying the threads to make the
fringe nearer the front or back of the other thread carrying bars, the looped ends
of the fringe or fringes of one breadth of fabric passing round a draw thread or
threads which joins it or them to the looped ends of the fringe of the next adjoing
breadth, or to the edge of the band or fancy edge of the next adjoining breadth,
or the edge of an insertion, in either case the fringes are looped at the ends; these

page_text: loops may be afterwards cut to form open ended fringes, or if the threads forming
the fringes are secured to the edges of each of the next adjoining breadths.
Such threads upon being cut centrally of the edges will form two open ended
fringes of equal length; if such threads are cut elsewhere than centrally the fringes
will bo of divers lengths.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INTRODUCING TUBES OR RODS INTO LAPS OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker, James Beaumaris Cocks,
and Samuel Swindells at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th
December 1878.
JOHN WALKER, JAMES BEAUMARIS COCKS, and SAMUEL SWINDELLS, all of Hyde,
in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INTRODUCING TUBES OR RODS
INTO LAPS OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
"
The object of this Invention is to prevent waste at the ends of the laps of cotton
or other fibrous material and to facilitate the working of same by causing the laps
to roll clean off at the carding engines and scutchers or any other lap making or
lap using machine without increasing the thickness of the material or requiring any
stretching of the lap ends, and consists in fixing a rod or tube on the end of the
scutcher lap roller, or lap roller of any other machine, or boring a sufficient distance
(for carrying the rod) up the lap roller end and inserting the lap rod in such bore
previous to the roller being drawn out of the lap. By this means the said rod or
tube is, by the friction of its own weight, drawn inside the lap at the same time that
the lap roller is being drawn out.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TELESCOPES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR UMBRELLA AND PARASOL PROTECTOR COVERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Bushy Fox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1878.
HOWARD BUSHY Fox, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELESCOPES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR UMBRELLA AND
PARASOL PROTECTOR COVERS."
This Invention consists in a cloth, leather, india-rubber, or other flexible tube
joining two metallic or rigid rings, or in some cases india-rubber rings. Into these.
rings the object and eye glasses are screwed, slid, or placed, and the telescope is
complete.
When not required it can be doubled up, and the smaller or eye glass holding
ring slid into the other and placed in the socket. This tube put round an umbrella
or parasol forms a very neat protector cover for grasping the umbrella by and
preventing wear. It also holds the folds neatly.
If desirable a scale of inches can be marked off on said tube.
The tube need not always be fitted with glasses, but can be sold separately as an
umbrella protector.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETAINING AND PROTECTING THE AMBER AND OTHER MOUTH- 3 PIECES OF CIGAR HOLDERS AND TOBACCO PIPES WHEN NOT IN USE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Joseph Swayne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1878.
EDWARD JOSEPH SWAYNE, of Exeter, in the County of Devon.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RETAINING AND PROTECTING THE AMBER AND OTHER MOUTH-
3 PIECES OF CIGAR HOLDERS AND TOBACCO PIPES WHEN NOT IN USE."
This Invention consists of a casing or receptacle, preferably made of metal, for
holding the amber and other mouth-pieces of cigar holders and tobacco pipes when
not in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPOKES FOR THE WHEELS OF BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Athelstan Barrow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1878.
HERBERT ATHELSTAN BARROW, trading as Barrow & Co., of No. 10, The Terrace,
High Street, Kensington, Middlesex, Bicycle Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPOKES FOR THE WHEELS OF BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES."
I make the spokes flat or oval instead of round as they are at present made. By
preference I make them of steel, the strength of which enables them to be made
small. It is obvious that the resistance offered in passage through the air must be
much less when only a thin knife edge is presented than a round side.
AN ADVERTISING UMBRELLA.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1878. A communiation from
abroad by Messieurs Julien Gruyer, Fils, and Company, Umbrella Manufac-
turers, Paris.
נו
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. "AN ADVERTISING UMBRELLA.
(A communication from abroad by Messieurs Julien Gruyer, Fils, and Company,
Umbrella Manufacturers, Paris.)
This Invention has for its object the application of advertisements to umbrellas,
parasols, sunshades, and similar articles.
Exteriorly they retain their usual appearance, but the interior of the covering is
covered with advertisements and announcements which are applied by printing,
painting, or other means on the fabric before the latter is sewn on the frame.
The stick or handle of the umbrella is also utilised for affixing advertisements.
For this purpose a printing iron is used, whose sharply defined type or figures
penetrate the wood a certain depth. By afterwards passing a color pad over the
stick thus prepared, the color enters the hollows or impressions and shows up the
advertisements; the stick is then polished.
If water should percolate through the cap at the top of the umbrella and flow
down the stick or handle, it would not wash away the color in the hollows or
impressions. The advertisements would therefore remain clear and distinct, and
the user's hands would not be soiled by the color.
On the cover the advertisements are distributed in any way, but it is desirable
to divide the sections into two equal parts by a line down the centre, and to put an
advertisement on each side in consequence of the folds of the fabric being at that
part which would break or obliterate the painting or printing. But an advertise-
ment may if required occupy the whole of one section.
The under part of the cover has advertisements affixed on each side of the centre
line or fold of a section.

page_text: It is particularly understood that in this Invention the advertišoments are only
affixed to the interior or under side of the cover, the exterior of which is in no way
altered.
In the case of parasols and umbrellas the advertisements are impressed on the
lining (generally green) which is sewn to the interior of the cover.
The colors employed must be very fine and light, so as not to pass through the
fabric of the cover, but they must also be of a nature to resist the rain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND COOKING RANGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Damrel Prior at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1878.
JAMES DAMREL PRIOR, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND COOKING RANGES."
This Invention refers to improvements in stoves and ranges by which the
capacity of the fire grate may be contracted or enlarged, and the fire may be fed
from below. With this view I form the lowest bar so as to revolve, and of form
and size sufficient to receive a sliding bottom grate working in the thickness of the
bottom bar, and capable of revolving with it. Below and in front of the grate is
fixed a dished hopper to receive the fuel, and the bottom grate when revolved by
means of a lever ratchet and pawl working the bottom bar clears this hopper,
forcing, the fuel under the fire; the position of the bottom grate governs the depth
of the fire, as it may either be left vertical or brought up by means of the lever into
its normal horizontal position on a level with the bottom bar.
My Invention refers also to the reversing damper used at the top of the ovens of
cooking ranges, and it consists in pivotting this damper at its bottom edge, instead
of midway in its depth as hitherto.
My Invention also refers to a method of raising and equalizing the temperature
of the ovens in cooking ranges by constructing a water jacket surrounding the
oven, but instead of employing plain water by which I can only attain a boiling
water temperature, I mix with the water thickening material of any suitable
nature, such as molasses, gelatine, certain kinds of salts, non corrosive, and which
may be held in solution, so as to increase the density of the fluid, and thus heighten
and more equally regulate the heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crisp Fuller and Frederick
Herbert William Higgins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
26th August 1878.
JOHN CRISP FULLER and FREDERICK HERBERT WILLIAM HIGGINS, both of Bow,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
The object of our Invention is to obtain greater uniformity of action than hereto-
fore, less or no useless consumption of metal in local action, a higher electro-motive
force, and a diminution of the internal resistance; and our Invention refers to the
use and employment of an amalgamated surface, preferably of iron, as a substituto
for the positive element in galvanic batteries.
The manner in which we carry out this Invention is by substituting an
amalgamated metallic surface as aforesaid for the zinc or positive plate of a battery,
and immersing the latter in or placing it in metallic contact with an amalgam of
zinc or other electro-positive metal. The action upon the amalgamated surface is
similar to that which takes place upon the "cathodo" of a secondary battery.
Upon immersing such a combination in sulphuric acid a reduction of the electro-
positive metal takes place with a displacement of hydrogen at the amalgamated
surface, the potential of this couple being insufficient to disengage the hydrogen in
a gaseous form it remains in combination with the mercury and positively polarises
the latter until equilibrium between the different portions of the compound positive
plate is obtained. This electro-positive state continues so long as the amalgum
with which the plate is in contact contains any zinc or other electro-positive metal.
When the current of the battery is employed or made active in an exterior
conductor the oxygen resulting from the decomposition of the water of the battery
combines with the hydrogen previously absorbed by the amalgamated surface, and
tends to reduce it to an electro-negative condition, but this tendency is checked by
the presence and contact of the zinc or other mercurial paste intended to furnish
the material for consumption.

page_text: As soon as a portion of the plate is brought to an electro-negative condition
compared with the amalgam with which it is in contact local currents circulate
which rapidly restore every portion of the plate to the same condition.
The amalgamated iron (or other) plate employed is indestructible, and the cell
will furnish its full power as long as any part of it remains in contact with an
electro-positive metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1878. A communication
from abroad by Taylor Burrows, of Lille, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING
AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS." [A communication from abroad by Taylor
Burrows, of Lille, France.]
Between the feed and drawing rollers of preparing and spinning machines the
sliver or roving, if left to itself, is liable to untwist or open out and spread, and
in consequence, to produce unequal and irregular thread or yarn; this occurs
more especially in flax and tow spinning machines, these fibres being naturally
very irregular in length.
Now the object of this Invention is to prevent the untwisting or opening out of
the roving or sliver above referred to, and the Invention consists in the employ-
ment of what may be termed a friction guide or conductor of the form of the
letter S.
The roving or sliver in passing through the guide, rubs against the salient
sides and bottom thereof, and in so doing, meets with sufficient resistance to
prevent its following its natural tendency to untwist and open out. But on the
contrary, the roving or sliver is kept in twist close up to the nip of the drawing
rollers. This friction guide or conductor may consist of wings or points fixed
or soldered to a plate, each wing or point overlapping, more or less, the other in
the line along which the roving or sliver travels, so that the said roving or sliver
of fibrous material is diverted at each wing or point out of the straight line,
and consequently rubs against the alternate wings or points until it reaches
the drawing roller. Or the guide may be made all in one piece of the proper
form.
The number of turns or bends in the guide may vary according to the length

page_text: of the filaments to be drawn, and therefore according to the distance between the
feed rollers and the drawing rollers, and the guide may be of other forms, right
or left, which, by offering several points of rubbing or friction, will keep the
roving or sliver or fibre twisted or agglomerated between the feed or drawing
rollers
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIVES FOR CUTTING SOLES AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, AND MATERIALS FOR GARMENTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH FASHIONED KNIVES ARE USED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wheeldon and Thomas Gare
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1878.
JAMES WHEELDON, Mechanic, and THOMAS GARE, Shoe Manufacturer, both of
Stockport, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIVES FOR CUTTING
SOLES AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, AND MATERIALS FOR GARMENTS,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH FASHIONED KNIVES ARE USED."
Our improvements consist in so constructing the shaped or fashioned knives that
are used for cutting out soles, uppers, and other parts of boots and shoes, and for
other purposes for which such shaped or fashioned knives are or may be employed,
that a number of different sizes varying in width and equal in length, or varying
in length and equal in width, or varying in both length and width, and sometimes
varying in shape, may be cut with one knife; or in other words, that a smaller
number of knives may be made to be sufficient instead of a larger number hitherto
employed for cutting as many different sizes or shapes.
In order to describe our improvements more particularly, we will describe how
the object set forth above is attained in the case of sole knives, and as all other
cases are in a large measure analogous, the following description will apply to knives
used for other puposes.
We employ several methods of accomplishing our objects, but we prefer to make
sole knives in two sections which we join at heel and toe, each section being
provided with a lug at each joint, and through the pair of lugs thus brought in
juxtaposition we pass a screw with one or more milled or other nuts. In the joint
we insert small knives, dies, cutters, or bits forming a continuation of the curve and
of the cutting edge, and these bits are fixed in their place by tightening up the
screws, and thus by varying the size of the bits, i.e., the length of their cutting edge,
the width of the knife is increased to the same extent while the shape of the sides
remains the same; or different sized bits may be inserted at heel and toe, and the
width may thus be correspondingly increased or diminished at those parts. Instead
of the screw through the lugs a wedge and cotter arrangement may be used for
fixing the bits; or instead of lugs with screws the sides of the knives or sections may

page_text: be pierced, and screw or wedge bolts may be inserted. This arrangement may also
be adopted when the knives are made sufficiently flexible to be forced into different
shapes. In some cases we only make one joint, dispense with bits, and allow one
cutting edge to overlap and slide behind the other so that the knife may be
expanded at the joint to suit the requirements. The knives may also be made in
any number of sections as the circumstances of the case may require, and any of the
modes of fastening above described may be adopted.
A NEW GAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Thomas Cadett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1878.
JAMES WILLIAM THOMAS CADETT, of 68, Camberwell Grove, in the County of
Surrey. "A NEW GAME."
This Invention is for a new game, and consists of propelling, shooting, or throwing
balls or other bodies against an adversary or adversaries, who in return acts or acts
in the same manner.
Screens or marks are set out on the place or ground where the game is to be
played, and the persons who play shelter themselves behind the said screens, or
within the boundaries of the marks set out.
The object of the game is that those playing pass from the shelter of the screens
or marks to a goal or goals arranged between or by the parties playing the
game.
When out of the said shelters or screens the players are liable to be struck by
the balls or bodies from their adversaries. If struck it counts against the player
struck, or the player is out of the game, as may be arranged by the parties
playing.
Å series of shelters may be provided before the goal or goals is or are reached.