CERTAIN MACHINES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREPARING, ROVING, SLUBBING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING OF COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, Tow, WORSTED, WOOL, SILK, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCE INTO THREADS, PREPARATORY TO THEIR BEING MANUFACTURED OR OTHERWISE USED
Year: 1808

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, JOHN
HARTLEY, JOHN MUSGRAVE, and WILLIAM FARMERY, of Leeds, in the
County of York, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of Novem-
ber, in the forty-ninth year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, give and grant unto the said John Hartley, John Musgrave, and
William Farmery, His especial licence, that we, the said John Hartley,
John Musgrave, and William Farmery, our exors, adñiors, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said John Hartley, John Musgrave, and William
Farmery, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Great
Britain called England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
our Invention of "CERTAIN MACHINES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREPARING, ROVING,
SLUBBING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING OF COTTON, FLAX, HEMP, Tow,
WORSTED, WOOL, SILK, OR ANY OTHER SUBSTANCE INTO THREADS, PREPARATORY TO
THEIR BEING MANUFACTURED OR OTHERWISE USED;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said John Hartley, John Mus-
grave, and William Farmery, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, particularly and exactly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be prepared, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Hartley, John Musgrave, and William Farmery, do hereby declare
that the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same
is to be prepared, is described and ascertained in the Plans drawn in the
margin of these Presents, and in the following explanation thereof :-
The principle of our said Invention consists, in the first place, in the
application of a rotatory motion to a flyer or skeleton of metal, at the
upper part of which is a perforation or hollow tube, from the top whereof
projects a small piece of wire bent into the form of a hook called the
twister, over which hook or twister, the thread,' being once turned or lapped,
passes, and descending thro' the said perforation or tube is then conveyed
thro' another tube thro' or over one or more worm or worms attached to one
of the legs or sides of the flyer or skeleton on to the bobbin, which is moveable
upon a spindle, that is, detached from and unconnected with the flyer or
skeleton. The spindle is either fixed as a peg and immoveable on its axis,
or may have a rotatory motion, according to the nature of the substance to
be spun; but in general the spindle or peg, which is usually made of
steel or other substance suitable and of smaller diameter than is used in
common, is immoveable, being fixed to that part of a spinning or roving
machine usually termed the bobbin lifter, on which the bobbin and spindle
or peg are traversed up and down together by the motion of the bobbin lifter.
In using the skeleton, the spindle or peg passes thro'a bole-at-the-bottom-
thereof. The twister is not absolutely necessary, and may therefore be
applied to the tube or omitted, at the discretion of the machinist, but we
consider it to be very important and productive of considerable advantage.
The rollers thro' which the substance to be spun is drawn ought to be fixed
in such a position, relatively to the tube, spindle or peg, that such substance
may issue and descend from the point of contact of the metal roller with the
pressing roller in a straight line with the center of the tube, spindle or peg, so
that the substance to be spun may be twisted by every revolution of the flyer
or skeleton completely up to what is technically termed the nip of the rollers,
without any angular direction over what is termed a thread wire, which is in
this method of spinning unnecessary. It is obvious that, to effect this, the
position of either the rollers, or the spindles, or pegs, or both, may be inclined,
according to the judgment of the machinist, but we have found it most
advantageous to place the rollers vertically instead of horizontally, so that a

page_text: plumb line being dropped from the nip or point of contact of the metal roller
with that of the pressing roller will fall upon the center of the tube or top of
the spindle or peg, which is fixed in a perpendicular position.
Another part of the principle of our said Invention consists in the applica-
tion of it to the spinning any of the substances first mentioned into a very soft
and slack-twisted thread, which is effected in the following manner. A tube
with a twister is fixed to the machino immediately below the rollers, and in a
right line with and over, but totally unconnected with, the flyer or skeleton
herein-before described. A rotatory motion is communicated to such tube
and twister (so unconnected with the flyer or skeleton as aforesaid), by which
the substance to be spun is twisted to any degree of hardness that may be
deemed necessary to prevent its breaking between the rollers and such tube
and twister. The substance so twisted will, on examination, be found to have
lost its twist immediately after it has passed the upper part of the said tube,
and on arriving at the bobbin, it would be nearly, if not exactly, in the same
state as if it had not been twisted at all. To give, therefore, the twist
required, the substance to be spun is, after having passed thro' the upper
independent tube, conveyed to the flyer or skeleton first described either
through a twister and tube, or tube only, or to the worm of a flyer reversed,
or with the legs upwards, by which means the substance to be spun may be
wound upon the bobbin with any degree of softness or slackness of twist
required. The quantity of twist may be regulated at the discretion of the
machinist, as the two motions, being wholly independent of each other, the
revolutions of the upper tube do not govern those of the flyer or skeleton,
or flyer reversed, which, in order to give a softer twist, must revolve slower
than the upper tube, that being intended by giving a great quantity of twist
when it issues from the rollers to prevent that frequent breakage, which
without this contrivance would inevitably take place, and prevent the spinning
of substances into a thread of the degree of softness required. By the
Invention herein-before described, .threads of any degree of thickness and
hardness or softness may be produced, and it is equally applicable to roving
as well as to spinning. The bottom of the bobbin in these methods of spin-
ing rests upon a piece of brass or other metal or substance, which is
attached to the spindle; and to regulate the drag of the bobbin, pieces of
netal, perforated and of different weights, are slipped over the top of the
pindle, and, resting upon the bobbin, regulate the motion.
Another part of our said Invention consists in the manner in which our
op or pressing rollers for either spinning, roving, or drawing, are made, and
s also described in the margin of these Presents, and in the following explana-

page_text: tion-The shaft or axis of the roller is formed in the usual manner with
pivots at each end and a turned neck in the centre, or otherwise, but that
part on which the bosses are to be put is cut into a screw, for the purpose
herein-after mentioned. The substance with which the bosses of the pressing
rollers are to be made may be of paper, leather, cork, or any other elastic
body, and is to be formed by cutting out round pieces (like a washer) of such
a diameter as may be thought necessary, out of sheets of paper, or flat pieces
of leather, or cork, or other substances, which pieces, being perforated in the
centre, are slipped on the axis of the pressing roller, which is so cut into a
screw, as aforesaid, and then, by means of screw nuts and shoulders at the
ends of such pressing rollers, the pieces of paper or other substances are to
be screwed up and compressed together until they are sufficiently tight and
hard to bear turning down in a lathe to an even surface.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and nine.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of April, in
the year of our Lord 1809, the aforesaid John Hartley, John Musgrave,
and William Farmery, came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the Statutes made for that.
purpose.
Inrolled the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and nine.

page_text: B. The Twister.
C.C.C.C. The Tabe.
D.D. The places where the Necks
the Tuberar
E_
The Whirl or Palley by which
the Tube and Flyer are mo
FF The Fly attatched to the tut
G..
K.
H..
1.
The Spindle or Peg fixed
The Lifter which carries.ba
Spindle and Bobbin.
The Bobbin
A Bruss Washer
AA The Flyer or Skeleton
The top Neck
The bottom Neck
B.
C.
D.D.
The Worms.
EE.
The Peg or Spindle.
F.
The Bobbin
G..
The Bobbin Lifter
H
The Thread.
1.
The Whirl
J.
The Twister
The Tube
1
B
The Twister
C
The Whirl
DD..
The Tube Frame
B
The Thread.
AA
Tho Tubo.
B.
The Whirl
C.
D..
The Flyer
The Bobbun Lifter.
E.E.
The Spinille or Peg.
F
The Bobbin
G.G.
The Tabe Frame...
H
M
TH
H
The Spinning Roller
The Drawing Roller
The Washes to be put on
The Washes to bepad on
The Bobbin dray regulato
The Twister and Counter Tw
FIG.2 and 3 may act jounill
or independently of each oth