Improvements in the Treatment of Wood, Paper Fabrics, Fibres, and like Materials to Render them Impervious and Inalterable by Moisture and Climate and other Influences.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 9th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 8th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 15th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Wood, Paper Fabrics, Fibres,
and like Materials to Render them Impervious and Inalterable
by Moisture and Climate and other Influences.
I, SOLOMON BENNETT, of 117 Richmond Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Wooden casks and other receptacles are in a high degree hygroscopic and thus
not suitable for the package and storage of goods, which are deteriorated or damaged
by the influence of moisture or by contact with water. A need has been felt in
industry and commerce for better means of packing, storing and conveying such
like goods, especially great damage and loss is suffered by shippers and dealers in
flour, sugar, cement, powder, salt and other chemicals.
Casks and similar wooden receptacles are also liable to change of dimensions owing
to altered climatic circumstances, they are also liable to leak, which implies serious
loss of material, and considerable losses arise from this source to shippers and dealers
in spirits, beer and wine.
Then again the wood being a material which absorbs fluids, with which it comes
in contact, the contents of the cask or receptacle are subject to deterioration and
to be affected in their qualities as respects colour and taste. Thus beer and wine
are spoiled by contact with foul casks.
To overcome these difficulties I apply materials by which I make wood
non-absorbent, non-corrosive, resisting the action of water, diluted acids and alkali,
spirit, turpentine and fats and most chemicals.
Other materials as paper fabrics, and fibres may be similarly treated with a
like result.
The process may be favourably applied in the following way:-The materials to
be treated after being thoroughly dried, are dipped or covered with oil or a solution
of oil in a suitable solvent (as turpentine). When this application has thoroughly
soaked in, the surface is treated with a solution of nitrated cellulose in a solvent;
acetone, ether-alcohol or amylacetate may be used. Turpentine, Sanitas oil, creosote,
or other disinfectants are suitable additions. The second coat will be found
thoroughly to adhere to the material and will be rendered sufficiently elastic and
flexible by the oil applied first. But should the flexibility not prove sufficient an
addition of oil might be made to the second coat.
Suitable proportions have been found to be for the first coat :-1 part oil (as castor
or linseed) 1 part turpentine.
For the second coat :-1 part nitrocellulose-2 parts turpentine-3 parts ether:
alcohol or amylacetate-or the combination of the two.
By this treatment the durability and strength of the materials is considerably
increased, the cleansing of the same is greatly facilitated, and in respect to casks,
losses from the sources described before are almost made impossible.
Dated this Eighth day of June 1896.
SOLOMON BENNETT.

page_text: Improvements in the Treatment of Wood, Paper Fabrics, Fibres,.
and like Materials to Render them Impervious and Inalterable
by Moisture and Climate and other Influences.
I, SOLOMON BENNETT, of 117, Richmond Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of my invention, is, to so treat, wood, paper, fabrics, fibres, and like
materials as to render them impervious and, unalterable by moisture., and, climate and
other influences, and to also make the materials non-absorbent, non-corrosive,
resisting the action.of water, diluted acids, and alkali, spirit, turpentine and fats, and
most chemicals.
The process-which I employ may be favourably applied in the following way:
The materials to be treated, after being dried thoroughly, are dipped in or covered
with oil, or a solution of oil, in a suitable-solvent (as turpentine). When this
application has thoroughly soaked in, the surface is treated with a solution of nitrated
cellulose in a solvent; acetone, etherial 'alcohol (a mixture of ether and alcohol) or
amyl-acetate may be used. Turpentine, Sanitas oil, creosote or other disinfectants
are suitable additions. The second coat will be found thoroughly to adhere to the
material and will be rendered sufficiently elastic and flexible by the oil applied first.
But should the flexibility not prove sufficient, an addition of oil might be inade to
the second coat.
Suitable proportions have been found to be for the first coat: One part oil (as
castor oil or linseed), one part turpentine. For the second coat: One part
nitrocellulose; two parts turpentine; three parts ethereal-alcohol (a mixture of
ether and alcohol) or amylacetate, or the combination of the two.
By this treatment the durability and strength of the materials are considerably
increased, the cleansing of the same is greatly facilitated, and in the case of casks
losses from various sources are made almost impossible. It is well known that in the
manufacture of oilskin, oil-paper &c., linseed and other drying oils are subject to
spontaneous ignition or silent combustion due to the intense oxidation of these oils
in contact with atmospheric air.
On the other hand, all non-drying oils become rancid, thereby acquiring an
objectionable smell and flavour which contaminate goods brought into contact with
them, but according to my invention I promptly solidify oils by the subsequent
application of a nitrocellulose compound whilst these oils are still in a liquid
condition, and thus I prevent subsequent oxidation.
The two operations mentioned above may be combined, the oils or oil compounds
being mixed with a suitable percentage of nitrocellulose with a solvent and hereby
gelatinized. Additions from 5-20% have given satisfactory results.
If treated in this way oils and oil compounds dry rapidly forming an elastic
substance not affected by climatic influences and not subject to spontaneous
combustion. Moreover oils thus treated may be spread by means of machinery over
fibres, fabrics, wood and paper owing to the semi-solid condition which is the result.
of the gelatinization.
said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
invention and, in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. As new articles of manufacture, fibrous material as wood, paper, fabrics and

page_text: fibres saturated with oily liquid and having a strongly adherent, partially penetrating
coat of nitro-cellulose.
2. As new articles of manufacture, fibrous material having a strongly adherent.
partially penetrating coating of oil and nitro-cellulose.
3. The process herein described, which consists in saturating fibrous material
with oily liquid and then applying a coating of nitro-cellulose and causing it to.
penetrate partially into the material thus saturated.
Dated this 27th day of February 1897.
SOLOMON BENNETT.