be as MENTS IN LAMP AND GAS-BURNERS AND REGULATORS FOR SAME
Year: 1884

page_text: I ABRAHAM HEMINGWAY Engineer of Rosenstein Villa, Roehampton S.W. in
the County of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
be as
MENTS IN LAMP AND GAS-BURNERS AND REGULATORS FOR SAME, to
follows:-
This invention consists of various methods to increase the illuminating power of
oil, vapour gas or other illuminating agents by utilizing the waste heat of com-
bustion to raise the temperature of the air supplied to the flame, also to raise the
temperature of the oil, vapour or gas before combustion thereby causing the
combustion to take place at a very high temperature, also to raise to incandescence,
porcelain platinum, or other suitable material; also the placing of a reservoir or
chamber in which to heat the gas or vapourize liquid illuminants the said reservoir
or chamber also acting as a regulator.
To heat the air supply, two or more coverings of glass or other suitable material
are used to surround the flame, the inner one is called a chimney and the outer
ones are called globes. The chimneys and globes can be made so as to suit the
size and shape of the jet or flame and also the nature of the illuminant and are
placed in various positions so as to regulate the supply and the direction of the
current of air necessary for combustion, which becomes gradually heated in passing
between them and finally takes a downward course between the inner globe and
the chimney thereby getting intensely hot before it feeds the flame; this improve-
ment can be adopted to any form of illuminant and any style or class of burner
now in use as well as to my new burner herein described.
To heat the illuminant, the supply pipe can be made to take a downward course
and pass through the centre of the flame thereby making the gas, oil, or vapour
intensely hot before combustion.
My new form of burner is one in which the gas, vapour, or liquid (under
pressure), is made to take an inclined or horizontal direction thereby making the
Hame assume a conoidal or disc like form, burning and spreading in an outward
direction, this burner may consist of a ring or rings, or any number of jets.
A piece or pieces of porcelain, platinum, or other suitable material which may
form a ring or disc can be placed in or near the flame and these rings or discs by

page_text: the great heat evolved are rendered incandescent thereby emitting further light
and also acting as reflectors.
A small reservoir of metal or other suitable material can be placed along the
course of the supply pipe above the burner, this reservoir or regulator is so
construeted that the inlet or supply of gas is made to flow in at the bottom, the
heated gas then rises to the top of the chamber and is carried down the centre
pipe to the burner ensuring a constant supply of heated gas and checking any back
flow in the supply pipe thus forming an excellent regulator.
Oil, liquids, or other illuminants can also be used with this heating chamber or
reservoir in which they are vapourized and then used in a similar manner to gas.
Dated this first day of January 1884.

page_text: ABRAHAM HEMINGWAY, Engineer, of 21 St Maur Road, Fulham, S. W. in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for Improve-
MENTS IN LAMPS, AND GAS-BURNERS, AND REGULATORS FOR SAME, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This invention consists of various methods to increase the illuminating power of
oil, vapour, gas, or other illuminating agents, by utilizing the waste heat of com-
bustion to raise the temperature of the air supplied to the flame, also to raise the
temperature of the oil, vapour, or gas before combustion, thereby causing the
combustion to take place at a very high temperature; also to raise to incandescence,
porcelain, platinum, or other suitable material; also the placing of a reservoir or
chamber in which to heat the gas, or vapourize liquid illuminants, the said reservoir
or chamber also acting as a regulator.
To carry out this invention, I propose to heat the air supply, by providing two
or more coverings of glass, or other suitable material, to surround the flame, the
inner one may be called a chimney, and the outer ones globes.
The sizes and shapes of the chimneys, and globes, may be so regulated, as to suit
the size, and shape of the jet, or flame, and also the nature of the illuminant, and
placed in such positions, as to regulate the supply, and direction, of the current of
air necessary for combustion, which becomes gradually heated in passing between
them, and finally takes a downward course between the inner globe and the
chimney, thereby getting intensely hot, in which condition it feeds the flame.
This improvement may be adopted to any form of illuminant, and any style or
class of burner, now in use, as well as to my new burner herein described.
To heat the illuminant, the supply pipe to the burner or burners, may be made to
take a downward course, and pass through the centre of the flame.
My new form of burner is one in which the gas, vapour, or liquid (under
pressure), is made to take an inclined, or horizontal direction, thereby making the
flame assume a conoidal, or disk like form, which burns and spreads in an inward,
or outward direction. This burner may consist, of a ring, or rings, or any number
of jets, these rings may be placed concentrically with each other in the same plane,
or in different planes, the planes also may be parallel to, or inclined to each and one
another.
A piece, or pieces of porcelain, platinum, or other suitable material, which may
assume any shape, preferably that of a ring or disc, can be placed in, or near the
flame, thereby acting as reflectors and increasing the luminosity by being rendered
ncandescent.
A reservoir of metal, or other suitable material, may be placed along the course
of the supply pipe above the burner, and so constructed that the supply of gas,
apour, or liquid flows in at, or near the bottom which is very hot, the gas, vapour,
or liquid (which is changed into vapour or gas) becomes highly heated and rises to
he top of the chamber, in which is placed the outlet conduit, or pipe, through
which the gas or vapour passes to the burner or burners. This reservoir, ensures,
constant supply of heated gas, and checks any backflow or pressure, in the
upply pipe, thus also forming an excellent regulator.
In order that my invention may be better understood, reference may be made to
he accompanying sheet of drawings:-
Figures 1 and 2, shows Sectional Elevations of an ordinary oil lamp, and an
rdinary gas-burner, with my improvement for heating the air supply attached.

page_text: Figure 3. Sectional Elevation of my improved form of burner, with globe and
chimney for heating the air supply, incandescent disc, and heating chamber or
regulator.
Figure 4. Elevation, Section, and Plan, of another variety of burner showing
two rings of jets.
In Figure 1. A is the reservoir of oil, B the wick, F the flame, D section of the
ordinary glass chimney, E' dotted outline of a globe resting on a perforated plate
or disc P₁, showing position on ordinary oil lamp, the air feeding the flame passing
in the direction of the dotted arrows. E section of glass globe resting on disc
plate P, showing position in my improved lamp, the air supply for the flame being
now compelled to follow the direction of the arrows H, passing downward between
the globe and chimney thereby getting very hot.
In Figure 2. A is the flame, B an ordinary gas burner, with three arms or fronds
attached to carry the glass or opal chimney D, commonly called a globe. My
improvement consists, in attaching to the burner B, a bottom piece of metal, or
other suitable material G, provided with a disc or ring E, and fronds or arms to
carry the outer globe D¹. This disc E, may be made entirely of metal, or the
outer ring F, only, may be of metal, and the inside E made of talc, mica, or other
transparent material. The air will now have to travel along in the direction of
the arrows H, between the outer globe and chimney, becoming highly heated before
feeding the flame.
The
Figure 3, shows the arrangement and construction, of my new form of burner,
G shows section of supply pipe whether for gas or oil, leading (at the top in this
This
case) into the heating chamber or regulator H, also shown in section.
heating chamber may be varied somewhat in shape and size, the necessity being,
that the oil, or gas from the supply pipe emerges or issues in, at, or near the
bottom, as by the pipes K while the outlet or feed pipe for the flame or flames,
takes its supply at, or near the top, in this case by the pipe F. The lower part of
this chamber may, or may not, contain any spongy or fibrous substance S, such as
asbestos or cotton, capable of absorbing oil by capillarity, thereby providing a
large area or surface for vapourizing liquid illuminants. This evaporation is
greatly increased by the chamber being kept at a high temperature by the heated
gases rising up the chimney C, from the combustion of the vapour below.
burner, which is shown in section at A, consists of one ring of jets inclined down-
wards from the horizontal plane, while the flame B, is of a saucer shape. The
porcelain or platinum dise P, which may, or may not, be used is shown with the
flame licking the underside, making it into a good reflector, and receiving nearly
the whole of the heat of the flame to make it incandescent. The gas before
combustion, is made exceedingly hot by the feed pipe F, passing through the
heated products of combustion in the chimney C. The air is also supplied to the
flame at a high temperature, by coming in at the top, and passing down between
the outside globe D, and the intensely hot chimney C, circulating in the direction
of the arrows, feeding the flame and passing up the chimney C, on emerging from
which it may be caught by a hood (not shown on the drawing) and pass away
from the room or chamber by a pipe, and so form a good ventilator.
The chimneys and globes, may be made entirely of glass, mica, or other trans-
parent material or in separate parts. As shown in Figure 3 the chimney C, and
globe D, are divided into two parts, the upper parts of which, are made of mica,
tale, or other transparent material (in some cases they may be made of metal), and
the lower parts of glass. When made in two or more parts, each or all the parts,
may be stiffened by metallic bands and strips, so that the bottom parts may be
readily attached thereto, by hinges or some other simple contrivance that will allow
them to be easily opened or removed.
The top of the chimney C, may be flanged or covered in, by mica, or other
suitable material M, or the cover may be entirely separated from the chimney, but
so placed, as to form a protection against any sudden influx of cold air striking the
highly heated chimney. This cover also acts as a good reflecter.

page_text: In Figure 4. A shows the Elevation, B the Section, and C the Plan, of a burner
with two rings of jets, one a little above the other. The top series of jets are so
placed, that the flames issuing from them covers the spaces between the flames on
the lower tier, combining with them, and forming a continuous light on the duplex
principle.
To prevent dirt, or fine particles of any kind (carried down by the gas) from
choking the nipples, or jets of gas, I may place inside each burner, a diaphragm of
gauze of any suitable material, shown in section at X Figure 3, and D Figure 4.
This gauze keeps the flame steady, by breaking any sudden rush or local currents
in the vapour or gas.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what
I claim is
(1st) The heating of the air supply, by causing it to circulate and pass between
one or more globes and chimney, or any mere modification thereof.
(2) The placing of a reservoir or heating chamber on the supply pipe, in which
to heat the gas, and vapourize liquid illuminants, or any mere modification thereof.
(3rd) Heating the gas or vapour before combustion, by causing the feed pipe to
pass through the heated products of combustion, or any mere modification thereof.
(4). Burning the gas in an horizontal or inclined direction, forming a continuous
disc or saucer like flame, or any mere modification thereof.
(5th) Rendering incandescent a piece, or pieces of platinum, porcelain, or other
suitable material, in the form of a ring or disc, by placing it in or near the flame,
or any mere modification thereof,
(G). The separate application, or combination, of one, or more of the novelties
herein specified, or any mere modification thereof.
Dated th: 01
_1004
WILLIAM HEMINGWAY,
Agent to Patentee.