Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Apr., 1888
Complete Left, 1st May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 1st June, 1888
I BENJAMIN DAVIES MARTIN, of Oak Cottage, Oakengates, in the county of Salop,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture or founding of rolls used in the manu-
facture of wrought iron or other metals, and consists in casting a chilled outer cylinder
upon a body or centre, by which means the life of the roll may be prolonged, and by
which the action of chilling the said cylinder takes place upon or from its interior,
as well as from or upon its exterior, and in which, in some instances, such outer
cylinder may be removed when worn, and replaced by another; also by my improved
method, the nature of the metal of the central part or body near its junction with the
necks, is not disturbed, crystallized, or otherwise affected, so as to weaken it at such
point. In the present method of casting chill rolls, when the chill penetrates far into
the body of the rolls, it is found that the necks are more liable to break off. This
evil would to a great extent, if not entirely in my case be obviated.
The centre or body of the roll may be made of cast iron, steel, or wrought iron,
generally the former, and the outer cylinder of "cast chill" iron, or other similar
metal or alloy.
Generally, I should proceed thus:-I should cast in a green sand mould, a roll with
necks and wabblers, but with the barrel or body part smaller in diameter than will be
finally required.
The face or periphery of the barrel would be formed in such a manner that will
best retain upon its surface the cylinder, either by recesses or projections suitably
formed thereon.

page_text: I then place the roll in a dry sand, or green sand mould, having first to some
extent heated the said roll; then run in the molten metal around such bedy or barrel,
the said metal or cylinder contracting upon and firmly gripping the said body or
barrel.
Thus the outer diameter of the central body, "chills" the outer cylinder.
The roll now completed, may be turned &c., and used in the ordinary manner, its
surface being grooved or otherwise treated as may be required.
In some cases, when the roll is worn down too much for further use, the said outer
cylinder may be broken off, and another cast on in its place.
Dated this 9th day of April 1888
CHARLES T. POWELL,
12, Cherry Street, Birmingham,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: Improvements in the Founding or Manufacture of Chill Rolls.
10 13
I BENJAMIN DAVIES MARTIN, of Oak Cottage, Oakengates in the county of Salop,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature. of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture or founding of rolls used in the manu-
facture of wrought iron or other metals, and consists in the method of casting a chilled
outer cylinder upon a body or centre, by which, means the life of, the roll may be
prolonged, and by which the action of chilling the said cylinder takes place upon or
from its interior, and in which, in some instances, such outer cylinder may be reinoved
when worn,.and replaced by another; also by, my improved method, the nature of the
metal of the central part, or body near its junction with the necks, is not disturbed,
crystallized, or otherwise affected, so as to weaken it at such point. In the present
method of casting chill rolls, when the chill penetrates far into the body of the rolls,
it is found that the necks are more liable to break off. This ovil would to a great
extent, if not entirely in my case be obviated.
The centre or body of the roll may be made of cast iron, steel or. wrought iron,
generally the former, and the, outer, cylinder of "cast chill" iron or other similar
metal or alloy.
Generally, I should proceed thus:-I should cast in a green sand mould, a roll
with necks and wabblers, but with the barrel or body part sinaller in diameter than
will be finally required.
The face or periphery of the barrel would be formed in such a manner that will
best retain upon its surface the cylinder, either by recesses or projections suitably
formed thereon.
I then place the roll in a dry sand, or green sand mould, having first to some
extent heated the said roll; then run in the molten metal around such body or barrel,
the said metal or cylinder contracting upon and firmly gripping the said body or
barrel.
Thus the outer diameter of the central body "chills" the outer cylinder.
The roll now completed, may be turned &c., and used in the ordinary manner its
surface being grooved or.otherwise treated as may be required.
In some cases, when the roll is worn down too much for further use, the said outer
cylinder may be broken off, and another cast on in its place.
Having now described the nature of this my said invention, I will proceed to more
particularly explain how it is to be performed, with the aid of the accompanying
illustrative sheets of drawings upon which are figures and letters of reference, like
letters referring throughout the several views, to the same thing or part.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a roll upon which it is desired to cast a chill cylinder.
Fig. 2.is an end view of Fig. 1.

page_text: Fig. 3 shews the roll in the mould ready for receiving the molten iron, to form the
chill cylinder.
Fig. 4 is a plan of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of roll, upon which it is desired to cast a chill cylinder at one
end only.
Fig. 6, shews the roll (Fig. 5) in the mould ready for receiving the molten iron, to
form the chill cylinder.
I first prepare a roll as seen in Fig. 1, upon which is provided a surface a, to
receive the chill cylinder.
This roll body or centre, would be cast in a green sand mould preferably, but may
be prepared in any other suitable manner as desired, and may consist of cast or
wrought iron, or steel.
The surface a, would be roughed or jagged, say for instance, with grooves in the
direction of the dotted lines, see Figs. 1, 3, 5 & 6, for the purpose of affording a
firmer gripping of the chill cylinder thereto. Also I provide a slight increase in
diameter at the end of the barrel at b, in order that the cylinder shall be prevented
from the possibility of moving endwise.
It is important however that the barrel part shall be parallel as much of its length
as possible, on account of the equal contraction of the cylinder throughout its
length.
Having thus prepared the roll centre, I then prepare a green or dry sand mould,
similar as seen in Figs. 3 & 4, into which the roll centre is placed; c being an iron
collar or guide rammed in the mould to receive the neck of the roll centre, so that
the insertion of the roll centre, (being heavy) should not damage the mould, and
cause it to be eccentric with the mould.
The said roll centre is heated somewhat, in the same manner and to the same
extent as in an ordinary outside chill mould, in the usual method of casting chill
rolls, and then placed in the mould as seen in Fig. 3, when molten iron is poured into
the said mould, forming a cylinder d, which contracts upon and firmly grips the body
or barrel.
In cooling, the central body of metal cools or chills the cylinder d, from the inside
to the outside, by which means I can obtain a chill depth sufficient to penetrate
through cylinders of practical working thickness.
As the diameter of the roll increases requiring or admitting of a greater thickness
of cylinder, so in proportion is the size of the body of metal in the centre increased,
giving the chilling effect.
The roll now completed may be turned &c., and used in the ordinary manner, its
surface being grooved or otherwise treated, to suit the section of metal to be rolled as
may be required.
Figs. 5 & 6, illustrate a modification of the application of this my invention,
wherein it is desired to cast a cylinder in the same manner as before described, upon
the one end only of the barrel, of a grain or soft roll.
In this case, the barrel of the roll at the one end would be reduced in diameter
and suitably shaped as before explained to receive the chill cylinder.
In this case however I may proceed as in Figs. 1. & 2, in the preparation of the
roll centre, of the cylinder mould, and of the subsequent insertion therein of the said
roll centre &c.; or, 1 may provide the mould wherein to cast first the central body,
and provide also a mould similar to that shewn in Fig. 6, from the line A-B
upwards; then, when the roll centre or body is cast, and become sufficiently cool, I
may remove the upper part of its mould, and substitute therefor the mould as seen in
Fig. 6, and proceed to pour therein the molten iron to form the chill cylinder, thus
obviating the lifting in and out of the roll centre, and utilizing the heat from the first
casting process, instead of heating the central body by a separate process.
In some cases this my improved method of producing chilled surfaces upon rolls,
will be found convenient and economical, for renewing such surfaces after wear, as
old rolls may be reduced in diameter to suit the casting thereon of a chill cylinder:

page_text: or those already made in this manner, when worn too thin, may be broken off, and a
new cylinder cast on in its place.
By chilling such cylinders from the inside, it affords the further advantage, that it
does not damage or crystallize the particles of metal near the junction of the necks
with the barrel or body; which is the case, very much in ordinary chilled rolls, and
which weakens such junction, often causing breakage, while in my case the metal at
such parts is left tougher and stronger in fibre.
Again, Chilling the cylinder from the inside induces the metal of the said cylinder
to close inwards; while in the usual method of chilling from the outside first, the
tension of the metal on the surface is greater than at a smaller diameter, which tends
to produce cracks or splits &c.
Although I have shewn the moulds as seen upon the drawings, I have thus
shown them only for general illustration and explanation, as such may be modified
in detail to suit an Ironfounders best judgement; and also in the manner of charging
the molten metal, as such varies according to requirement or judgement, sometimes
being fed from the top, or sometimes being charged from the bottom upwards.
But having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
The improved method of producing chilled surfaces upon rolls, as herein-described,
that is to say: The casting upon a central barrel or part of the barrel of a roll, by
means of an outer green or dry sand mould, a cylinder; the said cylinder being
chilled by reason of it being cooled upon and by the central metal body, substantially
as herein set forth and illustrated upon the drawings.
1
0011
CHARLES T. POWELL,
12, Cherry Street, Birmingham,
Applicant's Agent.