matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE CAPSULES OR TRANSPARENT COVERS OR CASES FOR THREAD, COTTON, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Edouard Peyrounil at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th February 1870.
I, LOUIS EDOUARD PEYROUNIL, of No. 82, Boulevard Sébastopol,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Gelatine Capsule Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE CAPSULES OR TRANSPARENT COVERS OR CASES
FOR THREAD, COTTON, OR OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to gelatine capsules or envelopes for protecting
balls of cotton, thread, silk, and other articles in lieu of the usual paper
or card covers at present employed, the advantages of which are that the
article so encased is preserved from being soiled or rubbed, thus pre-
serving its surface without suffering any deteriorations, the capsulc
perfectly enveloping the article without permitting the air to reach the
interior. The transparency of the gelatine at once admits of judging
the texture or quality of the cotton, thread, or silk, and all that is
necessary in making use of the article is to make a small orifice in the
capsule to give passage to the thread. In establishing the capsule
sheets of gelatine are employed which are rendered liquid by heat and
then poured into iron moulds for the purpose.

page_text: The enclosing of the balls of cotton or thread is effected by the
employment of two capsules of dimensions proportionate to the size of
the balls; these are joined together by a band of gumed paper
bearing the numbers and quality of the thread, cotton, silk, or other
article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADLES FOR MOLTEN METALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Webb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1870.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM WEBB, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LADLES FOR MOLTEN METALS," to be as follows:-
Ladles for molten metals have been hitherto made of metal covered
internally with a coating of loam.
My improvements consist in forming the ladle of metal as hitherto,
and in lining it with solid bricks or blocks of fire-resisting material similar
to that used for making crucibles or fire-bricks. These bricks or blocks
"
are made to suit each form and size of ladle, and are built therein
archwise," and the joints may be made with fire-clay, or other suitable
cement, the whole being retained in their places by an adjustable ring
secured round the top of the ladle. The said bricks or blocks may be

page_text: formed, if required, with tongue and groove to interlock with each
other, so as to be held more securely in their places in the ladle.
The inside of the ladle has a thin coat of plumbago or other suitable
material applied to it each time it is used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Bentley and John
Broad Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th June 1870.
We, DANIEL BENTLEY and JOHN BROAD JACKSON, of Bury, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
rag engines whereby the material under treatment is maintained in a
constant state of circulation or agitation during the process of grinding
or disintegration.
According to our improvements we place the beating roll, which is
of the entire internal width of the engine shell, at one end of the
said shell, such end of the shell being suitably curved to receive the
beating roll, the roll is partially surrounded by a cover or casing of
cast or wrought iron, wood, or other suitable material, from the upper
side of which casing is conducted a channel which inclines downwards
towards the end of the engine shell opposite to or farthest from the
roll.

page_text: By this arrangement or construction the rapid revolution of the roll
elevates the material under treatment between the surface of the roll,
and the curved end of the shell and casing, and throws it off at the upper
part of the roll by the action of centrifugal force into the inclined
channel which conducts the material back again to the opposite or
farthest end of the shell, thereby maintaining a constant circulation and
agitation of the material so long as the roll is in operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR DRAWING OFF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS APPLICABLE TO WATER CRANES, AND FOR OTHER USES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1870.
I, ROBERT PITT, of the Firm of Stothert and Pitt, Engineers, of
Newark Foundry, Bath, in the County of Somerset, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR
DRAWING OFF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS APPLICABLE TO WATER CRANES, AND FOR
OTHER USES," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in water cranes, and
consists of means of enabling the engine driver to turn the water on
and off without leaving the engine.
I employ a valve closing with the pressure of the water, and by
preference this valve is mounted immediately over the joint on which
the jib of the crane swings. The valve is connected with a piston of
larger area than the valve seat, and the piston works in a cylinder,
which it does not fit water-tight, or a small water passage may be made
through the piston. In this way the water passes from the supply into.
the cylinder and then both sides of the piston are equally exposed to

page_text: the pressure of the supply from the raised tank or other source.
Through the piston and valve and the connection between them there
is also a water way closed by a valve of small area as compared with
the area of the main valve. When this valve on the piston is opened
it allows the water in the cylinder to escape to the outlet through the
piston and the main valve. In this way the pressure within the
cylinder is releived and then the water acting on the piston forces it
into the cylinder, and in so moving lifts the main valve. Immediately
the valve in the piston is again closed the pressure accumulates behind
the piston and the main valve closes.
.
The small valve on the piston is readily opened by the engine man,
its area being such that the pressure on it is but small. I prefer to
work this valve by an eccentric operating on the spindle of the valve.
The axis of the eccentric is mounted on the jib and has a handle on its
outer end; the eccentric is within the jib, and on its spindle I fix a
throttle valve to check the flow of the water, so as to cause it to act on
the top of the piston and close the valve, which it might fail to do
were the escape for the water perfectly free.
Where the jib of the crane is fixed, in place of using a valve on the
piston it is more convenient to releive the pressure in the cylinder by
means of a draw-off pipe with a cock or valve upon it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICAȚION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the
Office of the Commissioners: of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1870.-A communication from abroad by Mr. Becker,.
Central Inspector of the Kaiser Ferdinands Nordbahn, Vienna, in
the Empire of Austria.
I, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 172, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
BOILERS FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with a great number of the
top bars. or anchor bolts of the fire-boxes in the boilers of locomotive
engines, and the Invention consists in making the top of the fire-box flat
only in the middle for an extent equal to from th to ths of its entire
internal width, and in bending it down on both sides with a radius of
fromths to th of the half of the internal width of the fire-box to
form the flanks of the same.. The flat top part is sustained or supported

page_text: by a suitable number of bars, or is united with the outer shell either
by anchor bolts or by link joints, the bolts of which may have some play
to allow for the expansion and contraction of the box. The box may be
made of corrugated or of uncorrugated plates,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HACKNEY CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS, TABLETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Higgins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1870.
I, WILLIAM HIGGINS, of 1, Great New Street, Fetter Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Type Founder, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HACKNEY
CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS, TABLETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES FOR THE PURPOSE
OF EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in the employment of powdered glass, or any
other powder that will impart colour, in conjunction with ordinary sheet
plate or other glass for producing inscriptions and devices for the purposes
of advertisement. I take, for example, a piece of plain glass of any
desired colour and cover the parts upon which I desire to lay the
powdered glass or other powder with an adhesive or gummy substance,
and while this substance remains moist or tacky I scatter the powder,
which may be of the same or a different colour over the surface. A
portion of this powder is retained by the gummed or adhesive parts, and
I then brush off or otherwise remove the loose powder before proceeding
further. Should a second coloured powder be required I then repeat

page_text: the operation on those parts of the glass to which I desire it to adhere,
taking care to remove all the loose powder before applying any additional
colour that may be afterwards desired. Sometimes, for convenience, I
mix the powder with the adhesive substance and apply it to the glass
with a brush or by any other ordinary means. Any number of different
coloured powders may thus be applied without the one combining with
the other. When the inscription or device is thus obtained I place the
sheet of glass in a suitable kiln or furnace and subject it to a sufficient
heat to partially fuze the powder or the surface of the glass, which
causes the powder to adhere to the plain sheet, and on removing the
glass from the furnace the inscription or device will be found distinct
and firmly attached thereto. Sometimes I place a portion of the
inscription or device on the front and the remainder at the back surface
of the glass, or the lettering may be on one side and a plain or orna-
mental background on the other, but these and other modifications are
dependent on artistic taste and do not interfere with the substantive
part of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFS FOR BUILDINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1870.
I, WALTER MORGAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Brush
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFS FOR BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to sloping or ridged roofs for buildings, and
consists of a combination of framing or trussing with a novel weather
covering, the object being to provide roofs which shall impose the least
possible weight upon the walls consistent with safety, shall be durable,
inexpensive, and less liable to disturbance by wind than coverings with
slates or tiles.
The framing or trussing is made of timber or of iron, or of these
materials in combination, so disposed that when in position there is pre-
sented an open or continuous surface to receive the weather covering.
The said weather covering consists of sheets, plates, or pieces of flat,
embossed, or ornamented galvanized iron, zinc, or other metal of any
required outline, so fashioned that the upper ends, that is, those ends

page_text: next the ridging, are overlapped by the sheets, plates, or pieces next
above them. If desired one or both sides are also overlapped. To secure
the said metallic sheets, plates, or pieces in position I pass nails or pegs
through them into the timber, rafters, or covering when timber is used,
and I pass rivets or pegs through, them into holes in the iron or steel, or
into apertures at the sides, or secured to the iron or steel, when iron
or steel framing is used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Howard Wharton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1870.
I, ARTHUR HOWARD WHARTON, of Heckmondwike, in the County of
York, Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of undyed yarn for
both warp and woof or weft formed into a fabric composed of either
single or double threads interwoven in such manner as to produce a
single cloth instead of a double cloth as heretofore, and yet to present a
surface exactly similar to that of the ordinary Kidderminster or Scotch
carpet, but, as before stated, undyed or in the white state.
Secondly. In the employment of a series of printing blocks cut
according to the pattern or design intended to be produced on the
carpet. These blocks being coated with appropriate colour are applied in.

page_text: succession to or upon the surface of the fabric, thereby producing on the
carpet the desired pattern or design. By this process an effect is produced
of the same general character but much superior in appearance to that
accomplished by the ordinary methods.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FASTENING FOR DOORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICTION left by James William Ayres at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1870.
I, JAMES WILLIAM AYRES, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FASTENING FOR DOORS," to be as follows :-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a fastening for the doors
of railway carriages, the bolt of which fastening cannot be thrown
until the door is shut, but which will be self-propelled so soon as the
shutting of the door is effected. To attain this end I mount the bolt
in guides in a box which is to be secured to the door by screws or
otherwise, and by means of a spring I give the bolt a tendency to move
forward through an opening made in the side of the box, which opening
is in line with the staple or socket intended to receive the bolt. To
the inner face of the side of the box in which the opening for the
protrusion of the bolt is formed I fit a sliding plate and apply thereto
a spring which shall give it a tendency to advance and cover the
opening made for the bolt. This side of the box I slot for the purpose
of connecting with this plate an external projecting piece which at

page_text: once forms a guide for the plate and is the means of transmitting to it
a back pressure by which the plate is slidden back clear of the bolt
hole. Connected with the bolt is a handle or hand lever, by turning
which the bolt may be thrust back for the purpose of opening the
door. When this is done the sliding plate receiving an impulse from
its spring will advance and close the opening for the bolt and thus
retain the bolt in its backward position. The sliding plate while thus
advancing will cause its external projecting piece to strike against the
door jamb, and thus the door will be thrust partially open. When
however the door is again closed the projecting piece of the sliding
plate striking against the door jamb will be thrust back, and with it the
sliding plate, which by uncovering the bolt hole will allow the bolt to
fly forward and secure the door.
The Invention it will be understood may be applied under a variety
of circumstances where a self-acting bolt fastening is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING NUTS WORKING LOOSE IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES AND OTHER MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Theodore Griffin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1870.-A communication from abroad by Walter A.
Wood, of Hoosick Falls, New York, in the United States of America.
I, JAMES THEODORE GRIFFIN, of Upper Thames Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING NUTS WORKING LOOSE IN
REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES AND OTHER MACHINERY OR APPARATUS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and employment of frames,
caps, or plates to pass over or abut against screw nuts of reaping and
mowing machines and other machinery or apparatus in general to prevent
them working loose while the machine or apparatus is at work or in
motion. The frames, caps, or plates being retained in position by keys,
studs, sockets, or other appliances to keep them in place. The frames,
caps, or plates may be flat bellied or otherwise formed, and are provided
with eyes, apertures, sockets, or hollows, to take over or against the nuts
after they have been screwed up, and thereby prevent them from working

page_text: loose. The frames, caps, or plates may be single, double, or treble so as
to secure one, two, or three nuts at the same time, and they may be of
such a shape that they shield or protect the lubricators, the journals,
the bearings, or other portions of the machinery or apparatus from dust,
dirt, wet, or other injurious bodies, or they may be of skeleton form as
desired. The frames, caps, or plates may have pins or studs upon them
to fit holes in the supporting plates, or the frames, caps, or plates may
be made to pass over or on to pins or studs through or into which spring
or other keys or fasteners may be inserted. In some cases the frames,
caps, or plates are only fitted between two or more nuts, and abut against
one face of each of them to prevent them moving, and to compensate
for irregularity in casting or other causes springs may occasionally be
inserted between the faces bearing upon the nut and the latter in order
to insure an equal pressure.
This Invention obviates the employment of a second nut upon the
same bolt, it saves the additional length of bolt for the second nut, and
it dispenses with the most objectional method of cutting or forming
grooves or pin holes in the nuts or in the bolts.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED HOPPER AND WEIGHING MACHINE FOR SHIPPING COAL AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hopkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1870.
I, JOHN HOPKINSON, of Normanton, in the County of York, Colliery
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMBINED HOPPER AND WEIGHING MACHINE FOR SHIPPING COAL AND
OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize time and labor by weigh-
ing the coal or other material during its passage from the hopper to the
shoot which conveys it into the vessel, and the Invention consists princi-
pally in combining the hopper and the weighing machine so that the
coal or other material as it leaves the hopper first passes into a box
carried by the weighing machine where it is weighed, and then on
opening a hinged door it descends by its own weight down an inclined
shoot connected thereto into the hold of the vessel. The hopper is placed
immediately over the box supported on the platform of the weighing
machine, so that the coal or other material falls directly from the hopper
into this box. The bottom of the latter is made to slope outwards, that
is, towards the vessel into which the coal or other material is to be

page_text: shipped, that side of the box forming a hinged door opening outwards
and secured by suitable bolts or catches. The shoot for conveying the
coal or other material into the vessels forms as it were a continuation of
the sloping bottom of the box. The hinged door being closed and
fastened the box is filled from the hopper and the weight is taken, the
hinged door is then opened, and the coal or other material passes down
the shoot into the vessel, the hinged door is then closed and fastened
and the operation repeated, and so on continuously until the vessel is
laden.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ESPARTO GRASS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lunge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1870.
I, GEORGE LUNGE, of South Shields, in the County of Durham,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ESPARTO GRASS AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in employing for the preparation of esparto
grass, wood, and other fibrous materials for paper-making, or similar
purposes, in place of the ordinary caustic alkali of commerce, or of a
caustic lye made from soda ash or from "tank liquors" of alkali works,
the liquor which is known in such works as "red liquor," that is to say,
the mother liquor which remains after boiling down the "tank liquors "
to the ordinary consistency, and separating therefrom the "black salt."
The boiling down may take place in pans heated by surface fire, or by
fire from below, or in any other way. The "red liquor," which must
not be confused with the mother liquor remaining after making com-
mercial soda crystals, contains a very large proportion of caustic soda
ready formed, generally more of this than of carbonate of soda, and it is

page_text: "
in alkali works in most cases either pumped back into the boiling down
pans among the tank liquor or boiled down by itself or carbonated in
some suitable way. Instead of doing this it is proposed to utilize the
"red liquor" for boiling fibrous materials. For this purpose the "red
liquor is diluted with water or washings from other operations, and
the carbonated soda contained in it is entirely or partially causticized by
boiling the liquor with lime, and treating it in the ordinary way of
causticizing soda solutions. A caustic solution is thereby obtained of
sufficient strength to boil the fibrous materials, and can be applied
direct to this purpose without having to be concentrated and again
diluted or solidified and again dissolved, as has been done heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELS FOR POTTERY, EARTHENWARE, AND CROCKERY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1870.-A communication from abroad by Joseph Boës
and Louis Esprit Joseph Gallibert, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELS FOR POTTERY, EARTHENWARE, AND
CROCKERY," a communication to me from abroad by. Joseph Boës and
Louis Esprit Joseph Gallibert, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of innoxious enamels for
application to pottery, earthenware, and crockery, such enamels being
devoid of oxide of lead and other hurtful ingredients, which not only
render the preparation of the present enamels used for these purposes
highly injurious to the health of the workmen, but by their presence in

page_text: matters may be added according to the color required. If desired other
known ingredients may be added, such as fluorspar, phosphate of lime,
and the like.
The application of these improved enamels on to the ceramic paste
is effected in the usual manner, but without the intervention of a
preliminary coating of minium or the oxide of lead.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Day at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1870.
I, THOMAS DAY, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, Iron
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING," to be as follows:-
The improvements have for their object the securing the standards and
bars of continuous flat bar iron fencing, and consist in notching the flat
bar or bars where the same comes in contact with or passes the standard,
and by means of a staple or staples of the necessary shape passed in such
notches and on each side of such standards securing the standards and
bars in their proper position. The improvements may be carried into
effect by making the standards and bars of iron in the ordinary way,
with the required notches on or in them, and the staples may be made
one for each side and to fit in the notches, and be bent down over the bar
fitting tight on it and close to standard, one staple on each side, thus
forming a collar preventing the standard being moved either way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE AND OTHER COMPASSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Charles Cutting and
Amasa Mason at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th February 1870.
We, ROBERT CHARLES CUTTING, of Number 7, Osborne Road, Tue
Brook, near Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ship's Captain,
and AMASA MASON, of Boston, in the United States of America, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
MARINE AND OTHER COMPASSES," to be as follows :—
The Invention has for its object the provention in marine and other
compasses of deviation from local attractions or influences, and consists
in placing three or more magnets horizontally or nearly so around or
partially around the compass and near thereto, and either above, below,
or on a level with the compass, and in combination, connexion, or
proximity with an equal number of other magnets placed parallel with
the first-mentioned magnets, each of the said other magnets being
placed with its north pole pointing in the opposite direction to the north
pole of the magnet with which it is placed parallel, and being placed
either in contact with or parted from the magnet with which it is placed
parallel, (but preferably in the same vertical plane and in contact.)
Where simple magnets are ordinarily used around or in connection with

page_text: marine compasses to correct the deviation our Invention can frequently
be applied thereto by placing other magnets parallel therewith as above
indicated.
4 y
The essential part of the. Invention is in the use and location of
double magnets with poles reversed substantially as above described. We
do not insist on the doublo magnets being "placed exactly parallel, and
the shape and power of the magnets, the distances between the ends
of the magucts, the distance of the parallel magnets from one another,
and their positions with reference to the card may be varied to suit the
circumstances and the extent of the local influences to bo overcome. 1
The magnets may also be enclosed in any manner desired, so that their
magnetic effect is not impeded and the general principle above stated is
maintained.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING SPOOLS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1870.--A communication from abroad by John F. C.
Rider, of New Hampshire, and Emerson P. Brownell, of Rhode
Island, both in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said. Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
MANUFACTURING SPOOLS," a communication, to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in the application of the appliances of a toggle
joint and lever, a series of spindles with toothed gearing, a fixed spindle
and die, and a moveable spindle and die, so adjusted that both dies shall
turn with equal speed, and all the parts so operating that at the time
the spool is fashioned any design, letters, or trade marks may be
embossed upon the head of the said spool. The toggle joint is connected
with the moveable spindle. Rests are provided for the spindles to work
A screw is provided to adjust the fixed spindle and there is a screw
for holding the die to the spindle. Power is applied to a pulley attached
on.

page_text: to the lever or under spindle, to which are fastened the larger toothed
wheels that work in the small wheels, both being so adjusted as to carry
the fixed and moveable spindles with an equal speed. The fixed spindle is
adjusted by the aforesaid screw, the die is attached thereto, and the spool
blank is held against the said die; power being applied to the lever
which works the toggle joint it throws the moveable spindle with its die
forward and against the spool blank with force sufficient to stamp upon
the heads of the spool (one or both of them) any device or trade mark.
The stock being held firmly in place the carriage with the tool post is
moved in the usual manner, and the tools being brought into contact
with the stock the wood is cut away from the revolving stock until the
desired shape is attained, the finished spool is then loosened from its
place by the reversed action of the lever, which by means of the toggle
joint draws the moveable spindle and its die away from the spool. . The
finished spool being removed another blank is placed between the dies
as before and the same operation of fashioning and stamping the spool is
repeated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Peek Bayes at the
.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th July 1870.-A communication from abroad by Henry Greaves,
of Newark, in the State of New Jersey.
I, THOMAS PEEK BAYES, of Orange, in the State of New Jersey, in the
United States of America, Bookseller, at present temporarily of Pater-
noster Row, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES," communicated
to me from abroad by Henry Greaves, of Newark, in the State of New
Jersey, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
66
The object of the Invention is an improved washing machine. A
vessel, chamber, or case is mounted on a framework in such manner as to
be free to travel to and fro on rails, trams, frame bars, or similar.surfaces,
which are themselves capable of oscillating, tipping, or moving in the
general framework. Within the chamber are two perforated and undu-
lated or corrugated plates or boards. One of these plates or boards,
though within the chamber, is mounted on the framework, so that as the
chamber travels to and fro and tips the plate or board remains stationary

page_text: but the other plate or board is mounted in and attached to the chamber,
so as to move with it, and it has also an up or down or reciprocating
vertical motion in the chamber, which motion is communicated to it by a
lever, handle, rack, or the like. There is a recess or trough for receiving
and facilitating the withdrawal of the waste water. Water with any
required supplementary washing agent is placed in the chamber, and the
clothes or other articles or fabrics to be washed are placed in the chamber
between the two plates or boards. The chamber is drawn back, on the
rails, trams, or like surfaces, and it tips a little back, and the moveable
perforated board or plate is worked up and down, so that the clothes or
other articles or fabrics to be cleansed are rubbed between the two per-
forated boards or slides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th April 1870. A communication from abroad by Edward.
Kelleran Harding, of Bath, Maine, United States of America,
Merchant.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES,"
a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates mainly to further improvements in the knitting
machine described in the Specification of an Invention for which Letters
Patent have been obtained bearing date the 8th day of September A.D.
1869, No. 2639, but my said Invention is also applicable to other knitting
machines which have only one needle.
By referring to the said former Specification it will be seen that the
loops or stitches are formed by the combined action of a meedle, a looper,
and a reciprocating comb, which is operated by a grooved wheel of
peculiar construction. According to my present Invention I provide

page_text: the machine with a circular or annular comb with teeth on its upper
side; the said circular comb is fitted in a suitable bed in front of the
machine, in which bed the comb is retained by a plate which allows it to
turn freely in its bed. The teeth whereon the loops or stitches are
found are at the inner perephery of the annular comb; concentric with
these loop-forming teeth and outside of the same the comb has another
circular series of teeth or a circular rack arranged to gear with the
aforesaid operating wheel. A guard is arranged in combination with
the comb to prevent the escape or loss of the stitches therefrom. The
said guard is stationary, and is kept in place-by-a-screw, which--also
holds a stripper, whose purpose is described in the aforesaid former
Specification. When it is desired to use a straight reciprocating comb
instead of my improved circular comb the circular bed is removed from
the machine, and the straight comb is placed on the same. The change
of combs can be readily effected by any person familiar with the use of
these machines.
By providing the machine with a circular or annular comb as above
described I can make stockings or other circular or tubular work
without having to join the same by sewing, as is the case when such
work is knitted with a straight reciprocating comb. The circular comb
can be driven continuously around in one direction, or it can be provided
with devices substantially similar to those used with the straight comb
to act on the operating wheel and change the direction of its motion at
regular or irregular intervals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING AND SORTING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lord, Jonathan Gresty,
and Christopher Cross at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th April 1870.
We, JOHN LORD, of Crawshaw Booth, JONATHAN GRESTY, of
Manchester, and CHRISTOPHER CROSS, of Pendleston, all in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING AND SORTING
COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for separating and
assorting cotton, flax, hemp, or other fibrous substances by means of
a current of air. The fibre is conveyed into the machine by means of
an ordinary creeper or endless travelling apron through a pair of feeding
rollers, and is presented to a revolving beater which separates the fibre
and throws it forward by the stroke; it then comes under the influence
of a current of air produced by a fan placed below the beater which
carries it forward and is assisted in its action, if necessary, by means of
an exhausting fan at the other end of the machine. The length of the
receiving chamber through which the fibres are carried by the current

page_text: of air and in which the separation or assortment takes place (as herein-
after described) will depend in a great measure upon the nature of
the fibre to be treated, and the strength of the current of air therein.
This chamber consists merely of an enclosed space, having transverse
divisions at the bottom separating it into a number of compartments.
As the fibres are beaten and thrown forward in a loosened state by the
beater the current of air carries them through the chamber, and the
dirt, dross, and other extraneous matters being the heaviest will fall
into the first compartments, the heavy or stringy fibrous matter being
the next in specific gravity will next fall, then the next longest and
heaviest fibres, and so on until the lightest and shortest fibres will be
found to fall into the compartments furthest from the beater, the air
and dust alone passing out at the other end through a fine grating or
sieve. The fibrous material before being placed on the creeper of this
machine should be opened out by means of a willow or other similar
machine, and in some cases it may be necessary to have a revolving
toothed cylinder or picker, and a revolving brush or other similar
apparatus, placed between the feed rollers and the beater of the machine.
The fibres when separated and assorted by this machine may be
prepared and spun in the ordinary manner, or they may be used for
making felt, wadding, or other similar purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Willmer Pocock, of Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 9th December 1870, and dated the 17th August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Willmer Pocock
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th August 1870.
D
I, Alfred WILLMER POCOCK, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby, declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate to meters where two double-acting cylinders
are used, and consist in a new construction of plug or key, which the

page_text: reciprocating action of the pistons causes to revolve, and also a new
arrangement of ports opening into the valve seat.
The plug or key is composed of two discs or plates connected and held
concentrically to each other by a semi-disc, also concentric with the
other two, thus holding the two outer discs apart; thus about one half
of the plug so formed is solid, while the other portion has a space
between the two outer discs. In the solid part of the plug and on the
face which works against the valve seat a well or cavity is made, and in
the other half in the same face a perforation is made through the face
into the space between the discs. This perforation permits the liquid to
flow from the supply into each of the ports successively as the plug is
rotated by the action of the pistons, while the cavity permits the liquid
to flow from the other-ports into the outlet, or vice versa.
The piston
rods are connected by cranks to the plug, and their up-and-down move-
ments cause the plug to rotate in a similar manner to the plug or
key described in the Specification of my previous Patent, dated
November 30th, 1869, No. 3463. The valve seat has four ports or
openings arranged in a circle, two of which lead to each of the cylinders,
it being requisite that the two for either cylinder should be exactly
opposite one another. In the centre is an opening for the outflow.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PRESSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Alfred Warrington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th February 1870.
I, THOMAS ALFRED WARRINGTON, of No. 8, Carlton Road, Kentish
Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PRESSES," to be as
follows:-
My improvement consists in a combination of plates, collar scrows
or rivets, springs and inclined planes which are actuated by a double
handled or other lever for the purpose of forming a press for copying
letters and documents, and which may also be used for other purposes.
It is constructed with a top and bottom plate which are secured the
requisito distance apart by means of collar screws or rivets; between
the aforesaid plates I employ a moveable plate which presses on the
copying book when the press is in opperation, and it is brought back to
the desired position for removing the book by two or more springs,
which are attached to the under part of the moveable plate; on the
upper part of the said plate I attach concentric inclined planes, and in
the centre I attach a guide pin which passes through a bar with con-
centric inclind planes formed at the ends, and which is situated between

page_text: the moveable and top plates and-passes also through the top plate. In
the top plate are cut concentric slots, and underneath them in the
before-mentioned bar I cause holes to be made, into which pins pro-
jecting from a double handled lever fit, so that by turning the handles of
the lever the pins in the said lever move in the concentric slots in the
top plate, and the concentric inclined planes on the bar are caused to
move on those attached to the moveable plate, and thereby cause it to
descend and press the copying book in the manner desired.
It is obvious that the details may be variously altered without in any
way affecting the combination constituting my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING WOOL AND SILK, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO FOR FIXING BLUE COLORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1870.-A communication from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Frezon, the elder, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING WOOL AND SILK, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE ALSO FOR FIXING BLUE COLORS," a communication from abroad
by Jean Baptiste Fregon, the elder, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar process for bleaching wool and
silk, whether in a raw, combed, spun, or woven condition, which.
process is applicable also to the fixing of blue colors, more particularly
indigo, ultramarine and aniline blues. The wool or silk having been
first cleaned in the usual manner is according to this Invention steeped for
a space of about one hour in a solution of equal parts by weight of oxalic
acid and chloride of sodium in clear cold water, after which it is
removed from the bath and allowed to drain, and is then well washed
in the ordinary manner. The same bath may be used repeatedly by

page_text: adding at each fresh charge of wool or silk a little more oxalic acid and
chloride of sodium. The materials whilst in the bath should be kept
stirred, and in the case of woven fabrics they should be passed through
rollers.
"
Should it be required to impart a blue color to the materials the
color employed should be first dissolved, filtered, and strained and
then introduced into the mordant bath in proportions varying with the
shade required. A slight addition of muriatic and sulphuric acids may
be made in order more completely to fix the color. These bleaching
mordants also serve at the same time for fixing blues in wool and silk
which have been previously subjected to the ordinary sulphurous acid
gas process and steeped in a bath of tepid water, imparting thereto a
whiteness not attainable by the sulphurous acid process alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE-ACTING PUMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1870.
I, JAMES BAIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DOUBLE-ACTING PUMPS," to be as follows:-
Pumps constructed in accordance with my Invention are suitable for
lifting and forcing fluids generally. They are fitted and provided with
suction pipes, connections, and valves of any ordinary or convenient
kind, there being nothing new in these parts taken by themselves. The
parts however known as the working barrel and ram consists of a novel
disposition and arrangement of parts acting in a new manner. Two
working barrels, the one larger in diameter or area than the other, are
employed. These are placed in the same line. One hollow ram formed
with a blind end is used for both barrels, the external surface of the
ram working in contact with the internal surface of the large barrel, and
the internal surface of such ram with the external surface of the smaller
barrel.
IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARIEL TOP, AND WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gibson Bussey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1870.
I, GEORGE GIBSON BUSSEY, of Museum Works, Rye Lane, Peckham,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARIEL TOP,
AND WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application, variation, and modification
of the ariel top and the means by which the same is made to fly.
My first Invention consists in making the wings or fans of this toy of
very thin steel or other metal instead of paper (the substance heretofore
used), thus securing a much more durable article and one that will bear
shooting at a considerable number of times. Further I fix to the axis of
this top a small bladder or india-rubber ball inflated with wind or gas
and now call it a "gyro pigeon;" this ball or bladder when penetrated
by shot collapses and indicates if the shooter has made a hit.

page_text: My next and most important improvement relates to the motive power
by which the gyro pigeon is made to fly. The mode heretofore adopted to
give flight to the ariel top has been by winding round a bobbin or spindle
which revolved on a pivot a piece of string the quick drawing back of
which caused the spindle to revolve rapidly, the ariel top being set in a fork
at the upper end of the spindle received this revolving motion and the
wings or fans catching the air fly out, as can be clearly seen and
comprehended by anyone looking at one of these toys. Now instead of
this I obtain my motive power by using a spring, by preference an
ordinary clock spring, though any other spring might do. This spring I
enclose in a barrel, case, or frame of any neat form or size and fix the
outer end of the spring to this case and make the inner end fit in a notch
in the spindle, so that when the spindle is turned round the spring is
wound up and held so by a stop, which when suddenly liberated causes
by its recoil the spindle to revolve rapidly and throw out the gyro pigeon.
To enable me to increase or diminish the rate of revolution I sometimes
introduce a train of cogged wheels, but prefer the spring to act direct on
the spindle.
My third improvement consists in adopting the ball and socket joint
to the trap, so that the gyro pigeon can be made to fly out at any angle
desired.