IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO DEADEN THE NOISE OF EXHAUST STEAM, ARREST SPARKS AND CINDERS, AND ECONOMIZE IN THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL. ON LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND STATIONARY ENGINES, STEAM AND VACUUM BRAKES."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Syng Justice, of 27, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, London, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
TO DEADEN THE NOISE OF EXHAUST STEAM, ARREST SPARKS AND CINDERS,
AND ECONOMIZE IN THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL. ON LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND
STATIONARY ENGINES, STEAM AND VACUUM BRAKES." A communication from
abroad by Thomas Shaw, of Philadelphia, in the United States of North
America.
Sealed the 18th July 1876, and dated the 20th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Syng Justice at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1876.
PHILIP SYNG JUSTICE, of 27, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO DEADEN THE NOISE OF EXHAUST STEAM, ARREST
SPARKS AND CINDERS, AND ECONOMIZE IN THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL ON Loco-
MOTIVE, MARINE, AND STATIONARY ENGINES, STEAM AND VACUUM BRAKES."
communication.
A
This Invention consists of an apparatus to emit noiselessly the exhaust steam
from locomotive and other engines to arrest and deaden the sparks and cinders
usually thrown out by the same whilst working, to save in the consumption of the
fuel used in running said engines, and to give and maintain a more steady and
increased draught whilst the engines are in operation than can be arrived at by any
apparatus now in use,
This Invention is an improvement upon the apparatus for a similar purpose,
Patented by me A.D. 1875, on the 18th May, and numbered 1828, and consists of a
pipe of suitable length and diameter having one or more annual chambers near its
base, into which may be screwed a series of small pipes of proper lengths and
diameter pointing upwards or in the direction in which the exhaust steam is to be
discharged through them, as the upper end of the main pipe to which they are
attached is permanently closed, whilst the open end of this main pipe being the
base is bolted or attached to the usual exit opening or nozzle by which the
exhaust steam passes to the atmosphere when the engine is working. The arrange-
ment being such that whilst the combined areas of these exit tubes is as great or
greater that of the main exit of the exhaust itself the draught is more steadily
maintained d and increased, and at the same time a very considerable saving in fuel

page_text: is secured, together with an almost complete arresting of the sparks and cinders
usually thrown out by the force of the exhaust. The exit openings of the small
tubes may be so regulated in their diameter as to deaden or break the waves of
sound to a degree which renders the emission of the steam practically noiseless
even when discharged under high pressures.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Philip Syng Justice in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th July
1876.
PHILIP SYNG JUSTICE, of 27, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO DEADEN THE NOISE OF EXHAUST STEAM, ARREST
SPARKS AND CINDERS, AND ECONOMIZE IN THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL ON
LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND STATIONARY ENGINES, STEAM AND VACUUM BRAKES."
"A communication to me from abroad by Thomas Shaw, of Philadelphia, in the
United States of North America."
This Invention consists in a new and improved method of dividing the exit
openings for exhausts in steam, gas, or compressed air engines, by providing small
or narrow passages for the same through tubes, or otherwise leading from the main
exhaust opening into the atmosphere or the smoke stacks of such engines.
The objects of this Invention are,
1st. To materially absorb or deaden the violent sound or puffing noise attending
the exit of steam, gas, or compressed air when passing from the exhaust opening.
2nd. To prevent the jerking or shooting action of the exhaust in locomotivo
and other engines of high pressure, and thus obviating the danger of tearing holes
in the fire-bed of the saine, and the ejection of sparks, coals, and cinders from the
smoke stack.
Srd. To do away with the necessity of all extension pipes, screens, or blinds,
and all other contrivances heretofore used to prevent the emission of sparks or
increase the draught in engines of high pressure.
4th. To not only sustain a more steady and uniform pressure than is usual
whilst the engine is working, but also to increase the draught and give a higher
average with a lower maximum draught.
5th. To economize the consumption of fuel by the steadiness of the draught,
thereby allowing shallower fire-beds to be carried, and permitting a more thorough
combustion of the fuel and smoke than heretofore arrived at.
To enable others to use and practice this Invention I declare the following to be
a correct description of the same, reference being made to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, which form part of this
Specification.
Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 is
vertical section across the smoke box of a locomotive engine, shewing
this improved exhaust nozzle in position secured at its base to the usual exhaust
opening at a, whilst the small exit tubes e, e, e, e, through which the exhaust steam
must pass have their open ends some three or four inches below the base of the
smoke stack or may be partially carried into it if desired.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the centre of this improved exhaust nozzle,
showing the main pipe or steam chamber b, b, with its annular chamber or recess c, c,
of a little larger diameter than the main pipe itself, and into which the exit pipes c, e,
c, e, are screwed, as shewn. The top of the steam chamber or main pipe is closed so
as to form an elastic chamber or cushion for the blasts of steam as they pass from
the exhaust pipe.
Fig. 3 is a plan and cross section of the annular chamber c, and main pipe or
steam chamber b, b, with the tubes c, c, e, c.

page_text: escribed arrangement the curves may be or Vaitous diameters and
lengths, and variously located in the main pipe or steam chamber or annular recess
without materially affecting the result, provided in all cases the combined areas of
all the exit tubes or openings is somewhat in excess of the area of the opening of
the exhaust steam pipe of the engine. 1 do not confine myself to any particular
shape or size for the main pipe or steam chamber.
The results to be attained by the use of an exhaust nozzle as described in Fig. 1
are to break the waves of sound caused by the emission of a body of steam, gas, or
air under great compression when passing out in an unbroken column. In place of
which I cause it to pass through numerous small openings, passage ways, or tubes
by which the column of steam, air, or gas is broken up and made to impinge either
against an angular or upright firm wall of metal or its equivalent, and thus
destroying the noisy sounds usually given out. These results are obtained not
only by exhaust nozzles constructed similar to Figure 1, but also by nozzles, as
shewn in Figures 4, 6, and 7, which are adapted for traction, road, portable, agri-
cultural, and marine engines.
Figure 7 shows a very simple and effective form consisting of a main pipe b, b,
with a closed top end, and pierced with small holes into which short bent
tubes c, e, e, e, are screwed, pointing upwards, whilst Fig. 6 is a modification of
Figure 7, having a main pipe or steam chamber b, b, closed at the top, and its
sides pierced with small holes e, e, e, e, the main pipe b, b, however is surrounded
by the outer pipe c, c, which has a diameter of one to two inches greater than the
inner pipe, and is open at the top; when the steam, gas, or compressed air
from the small holes e, e, e, e, it impinges directly against the wall of the outer
pipe c, c, and thus the wave sound is broken practically in effect as it would be by
passing the steam, air, or gas through the bent tubes e, e, e, e, as shown in
Figure 7.
passes
A similar result may be reached by substituting a cylinder of wire gauze
of the required strength for the inside pipe or steam chamber b, b, as shown in
Figure 6, if a suitable cap be affixed to the top of the said wire cylinder, so that
a steam chamber be formed at the closed end, as in Figures 6 and 7, and into
which the first blasts of steam, air, and gas from the exhaust openings will
cushion before they are driven out the narrow passage ways or interstices of the wire
cylinder.
The cushioning of the blast in the steam chamber just described preserves a more
uniform and steady draught in the engine, and in connection with the increased
combined circumferences of the outlet pipes when the proper areas are preserved;
as before stated a much greater volume of draught is observed with less destructive
force.
Fig. 4 is another form in which this exhaust nozzle may be used; it consists of
a hollow cast-iron cylinder a, a, which is attached suspended from the open end of
an inverted exhaust pipe at d, d. This cylinder a, a, has an inner cylinder or
diaphragm b, b, which extends parallel to the sides a, a, for about three-fourths of
their length, and is open at both ends, as shown; small exit tubes e, e, e, e, are
screwed into the upper walls a, a. The compressed steam, air, or gas passes
through the exhaust pipe into the inner cylinder b, b, and thence by its lower open
end into the chamber f,, from whence it passes out by the exit tubes e, c, c, e, into
the base of the smoke funnel, as shown.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of Fig. 4 shewing the collar d, d, by which the exhaust
nozzle is connected with the exhaust pipe and tubes e, e, e, c.
All the forms of this exhaust nozzle, as shewn, effect similar results as claimed by
me, viz.,
-
The pufling jerking noise is subdued by subdividing the exhaust blast and
breaking the waves of sound by the numerous passages of exit.
The danger from the ejection of sparks and cinders is obviated because the
subdivided exhaust exits have not the power to lift them out of the smoke funnel,
as all sudden jerking is done away with.

page_text: The draught is more steady and uniform because by the aid of the cushion or
steam chamber, the heavy blasts of the exhaust are equalized and a more uniform
pressure maintained.
The draught is increased because having at all times a somewhat greater
combined area of exit by the numerous passage ways, tubes, &c., employed than is
contained in the area of the exhaust pipe itself.
I obtain at the same time by the use of the small openings about six times the
.circumference of the exhaust pipe and as the vacuum and consequent draught is
formed chiefly around the external surfaces of the blast the increase is in proportion
to such surfaces.
For all the reasons combined as above given it will be seen that a much more
economical consumption of fuel will be arrived at because a more steady draught
with larger volume, but of less destructive jerking force ensures a moro perfect
consumption with less loss in waste by smoke, cinders, &c.
Where it is desirable that the emission of the exhaust should be as noiseless as
possible, the smallest sizes of openings or pipes are to be used, such as 1/8 inch.
In locomotives where economy in fuel, freedom from sparks, cinders, and coal
ejected is sought for, exit pipes of ½ inch to 1/2 inch may be used.
My exhaust nozzles perinit of the use of larger diameters of smoke funnels than
are usual, and thus the high velocity and lestructive blasts of the gases are
avoided.
Having thus described the nature and object of the said Invention, I declare that
what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent are,―
1st. The employment either of numerous small tubes or of passage ways or
apertures in combination with pipes or chambers to permit the escape of steam, gas,
or compressed air therefrom, and thereby to materially deaden or absorb the noisy
puffing and jerking sounds in locomotive and other engines, and deaden the roar of
the blasts from the same when blowing off steam by forcing said blasts to pass out
through small tubes, apertures, openings, or passage ways, as herein-before
described and set forth in the Drawings annexed, or any mere modification
thereof.
2nd. The employment of a chamber to form a cushion for the first impart of the
blast of steam, gas, or compressed air exhausting from engines, in combination wiith
numerous tubes, passage ways, apertures, or openings, however located when
arrange for the purpose of deadening or absorbing the noisy sound of such engines,
and for prolonging their draught and giving volume and steadiness to the same, and
preventing the ejection of sparks or cinders usual to engines which carry their
exhaust draught into their smoke funnels, substantially as herein-before described
and illustrated on and Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Syng Justice, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
PHILIP SYNG JUSTICE. (L.S.)