IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATER-PRESSURE ENGINES FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER-PRESSURE ENGINES FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by Elisha
Daniel Eames, of Evansville, in the County of Vanderburgh, State of
Indiana, United States of America.
Sealed the 19th July 1864, and dated the 8th March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
. 1864.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-PRESSURE ENGINES FOR RAISING AND FORCING
WATER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel system of and mode of applying induction
and eduction valves to. water-pressure engines, whereby they are actuated
directly by the reciprocating piston of the engine without any interposed
mechanism working through stuffing boxes or other packing, and whereby a
constant and nearly uniform flow of water is admitted to the cylinder to act
upon opposite sides of the piston, and drive it in opposite directions alternately
without any concussion or loss of time at the end of the stroke. It also

page_text: consists in so combining either one or two pump cylinders and plungers with
the cylinder and piston of a water-pressure engine for the purpose of applying
such engine to the raising or forcing of water, that the water to be raised is
taken directly from the engine cylinder, and the use of the cylinder heads,
stuffing boxes, and glands is entirely dispensed with both in the engine and
pump or pumps. It also consists in a certain mode of applying the pump
cylinders within surrounding casings, whereby the use of pipes between the
said cylinders and the air vessel of the pump is dispensed with, and provision
is made for applying pump cylinders of different sizes in connection with the
same engine.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing forming a part
of this Specification, which is a central longitudinal vertical section of an
engine with two pumps arranged one at each end of the engine cylinder.
A is the working cylinder of the engine, having cast with it or otherwise
secured to its under side a second cylinder B, which is parallel with it, and
which contains the water chest a, into which the water is first received, and
the two valve boxes b, b, which contain the valves of the engine. The
valve boxes are arranged one at each end of the water chest, and commu-
nicate directly and constantly with the cylinder near the ends thereof through
the ports c, c. The said boxes have also circular inlet openings e, e¹, which
communicate with the water chest, and corresponding outlet openings d, d¹,
through which the waste water is delivered from the engine, the said outlet
openings d, d¹, being directly opposite to the inlet openings e, e', that the
same double-faced valves C, C', may close either of the said openings in their
respective valve box. The water chest a has an inlet opening m in one side,
to which is to be connected the pipe which supplied the water to produce the
operation of the engine.
The two double-faced valves C, C¹, are placed one in each end of the
boxes, being inserted from the cylinder through the ports c, c'. The said
valves are connected together by means of a stem or rod g, which passes
through the water chest, and works through a guide h provided in the said
chest. The valves are faced with leather or india-rubber, as shown at i, i, j, j
and the outer faces i, i, which close against seats formed around the outlet
openings d, d', being of slightly larger area than the inner faces j,j, which
close against seats formed around the inlet openings e, e¹. The valves are so
adjusted upon their stem h that either valve will close its respective outlet
opening dor d' while the other closes its respective inlet opening e' or e. The
seats around the inlet openings e, e' are made in the solid metal, but those
in the outlet openings d, d₁, are formed on rings B, B', which are screwed

page_text: into the cylinder B.
such that when one
The distance between the two valve seats in each box is
face of the valve is against its respective seat there is
room enough left between the other face and its respective seat for the ingress
or egress of water to or from the engine. Each valve is grooved on its
periphery to receive the lower end of one of two levers D, D', which are sus-
pended from fulcrum pins ¹, ¹, inserted transversely through the upper part
of the cylinder, and which pass through the ports C, C'. These levers are
furnished with tappet pieces 1, ', one of which is struck by the piston E of
the engine as the said piston approaches the end of the stroke, and the said
piston in completing its stroke is thereby made to push the lever far enough
to reverse the positions of the valves, and cause the action of the water upon
the piston to be reversed.
The Drawing shows the piston as having just completed its stroke to the
left, and having by its action against the tappet ¹ moved the levers and
valves from the position in which the valves opened the passages e¹ and d to
the position in which they open the passages e and d', and permit the ingress
of water to the cylinder on the left side of the piston and its egress from the
cylinder at the right side of the piston producing the movement of the piston
to the right. The valves are kept in either of the above-mentioned positions
by means of the larger area of the faces i as compared with the faces j, the
pressure of the water against that valve which is closed against its scat d or d'
exceeding the pressure upon that which is closed against seat e' or é. By the
arrangement of. the valves between the two seats,.as described, there is at all
times, even during the movement of the valves, a uniform amount of opening
to and from the cylinder A, and a uniform flow of water thereinto and there-
from, and the concussion of water and loss of time occasioned by closing the
port at one end of the cylinder before the other is opened is obviated, and by
the above described mode of operating it by levers passing through the ports-
all stuffing boxes for the valve gear is dispensed with, and such gear is greatly
simplified.
In adapting the above-described water-pressure engine to other purposes
than pumping, the cylinder will be fitted with tight heads, in one or both of
which will be a stuffing box for the piston rod F, but in the pumping engine,
instead of cylinder heads there are secured to the ends of the cylinder two
close boxes or casings G, G¹, which are made with diaphragms n, n, into
which the pump cylinders H, H¹, are screwed or otherwise firmly secured, the
said cylinder being open at both ends, and being in line and concentric with
the working cylinder A, and receiving two pistons I, 1', which are secured
one to each end of the piston rod F. These pistons have openings q, q

page_text: through them fitted with valves p, p, which open outward or from the
cylinder A. The boxes G, G', have within them water spaces w, w, which
surround the pump cylinders, and communicate both with the outer ends of
the said cylinders and with discharge passages 1, 1¹, cast on the working cylin-
der A, the said passages delivering through valves 's, s¹, into the air vessel J,
which is arranged on the top of the said cylinder, and the outlet from which is
through another passage cast in the cylinder A for the connection of the delivery
pipe not seen. When the pistons move to the right, water from the cylinder A
follows the piston I' into the cylinder H¹, while the water which has followed the
piston I into the cylinder II in its previous movement to the left is transferred
from the inner to the outer side of the piston I, while the water with which
the cylinder H had previously been filled, and which has been transferred to
the outer side of the piston I' in its movement to the left is forced out through
the open end of the cylinder H, and through the surrounding water space w³,
passage, and valve.s to the air vessel J, and thence through the passage to
the delivery pipe. In the movement of the pistons to the left the water is
forced out from the cylinder H through the space w, passage r, and valve s.
while the said cylinder is refilled from the cylinder A, and the water in the
cylinder His transferred from the inner to the outer side of the piston I³.
It will be seen that in the above operation the water is taken by the pumps
directly from the working cylinder of the water engine. By the arrange-
ment of the pump cylinders to effect this result, stuffing boxes and glands are
entirely dispensed with, as well as suction pipes; and by the mode of inserting
the said cylinders into diaphragms n, n, cylinders of various sizes can be
applied to the same engine according to the height of the head of water by
which the engine is to be driven, or to the height to which the water is to be
forced by the pumps.
Near the outer ends of the pump cylinders H, H', there are provided
therein holes v, v, 'leading into the surrounding water spaces w, w¹; these
openings are so arranged that the pistons in their outward stroke will pass
them, and thus form a free communication between the water in front and the
water behind as the pistons approach very near the ends of their stroke, and
so relieve the engine from all resistance from the pumps, except their friction
during the time when the piston E is changing the position of the valves,
and thereby obviating any liability of the engine to stop with the valve partly
open.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
September 1864.
TO ALL, TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engincer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
mc, the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATER-PRESSURE ENGINES FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," a com" to me from abroad by Elisha Daniel Eames, of Evans-
ville, in the County of Vanderburg, State of Indiana, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of tho
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in a novel system of and mode of applying induction
and eduction valves to water-pressure engines, whereby they are actuated:
directly by the reciprocating piston of the engine without any interposed
mechanism working through stuffing boxes or other packing,and whereby a
constant and uearly uniform flow of water is admitted to the cylinder to act
upon opposite sides of the piston, and drive it in opposite directions alter-

page_text: nately without any concussion or loss of time at the end of the stroke. It
also consists in so combining either one or two pump cylinders and plungers
with the cylinder and piston of a water-pressure engine for the purpose of
applying such engine to the raising or forcing of water, that the water to be
raised is taken directly from the engine cylinder, and the use of the cylinder
heads, stuffing boxes, and glands is entirely dispensed with both in the engine
and pump or pumps. It also consists in a certain mode of applying the
cylinders withing surrounding casings, whereby the use of pipes between tho
said cylinders and the air vessel of the pump is dispensed with, and provision
is made for applying pump cylinders of different sizes in connection with the
same engine.
pump
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing forming a part
of this Specification.
Fig. 1 in this Drawing is a central longitudinal vertical section of an engine
with two pumps arranged one at each end of the engine cylinder; Fig. 2 is a
transverse vertical section of the same; Fig. 3 is an end view of the engine
representing its cylinder uncovered by the removal of the pump from the
end which is towards the spectator, and one of the valve levers exposed to
view. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several
Figures.
A is the working cylinder of the engine, having cast with it or otherwise
secured to its under side a second cylinder B, which is parallel with it, and
which contains the water chest a, into which the water is first received, and
the two valve boxes b, b', which contain the valvos of the engine. The valve
boxes are arranged one at each end of the water chest, and communicate
directly and constantly with the cylinder near the ends thereof through the
ports c, c'. The said boxes have also circular inlet openings e, e', which com-
municate with the water chest and corresponding outlet openings d, d',
through which the waste water is delivered from the engine, the said outlet
openings d, d³, being directly opposite to the inlet openings e, e¹, that the same
double-faced valve C, C¹, may close either of the said openings in their
respective valve box. The water chest a bas an inlet opening m in one side,
to which is to be connected the pipe which supplies the water to produce the
operation of the engine.
The two double-faced valves C, C', are placed one in each of the boxes,
being inserted from the cylinder through the ports c, c¹; the said valves are
'connected together by means of a stem or rod 9, which passes through the
"water chest, and works through a guide h provided in the said chest. The
valves are faced with leather or india-rubber, as shown at i, i, j, j, in Fig. 1,

page_text: and the outer faces i, i, which close against seats formed around the outlet
openings d, d¹, being of slightly larger area than the inner faces j, j', which
close against seats formed around the inlet openings e, e¹. The valves are so
adjusted upon their stem h that either valve will close its respective outlet
opening d or d', while the other closes its respective inlet openings e¹ or e.
The seats around the inlet openings c, e¹, are made in the solid metal, but
those in the outlet openings d, d', are formed on rings B', B', which are
screwed into the cylinder B. The distance between the two valve seats in
each box is such that when one face of the valve is against, its respective
seat there is room enough left between the other face and its respective seat
for the ingress or egress of water to or from the engine. Each valve is
grooved on its periphery to receive the lower end of one of the two levers
D, D', which are suspended from fulcrum pins k, k¹, inserted transversely
through the upper part of the cylinder, and which pass through the ports c, c¹.
These levers are furnished with tappet pieces 1, 11, one of which is struck by
the piston E of the engine as the said piston approaches the end of the stroke,
and the said piston, in completing its stroke, is thereby made to push the
lever far enough to reverse the position of the valves, and cause the action of
the water upon the piston to be reversed.
Fig. 1 shows the piston as having just completed its stroke to the left, and
having by its action against the tappet ¹ moved the levers and valves from
the position in which the valves opened the passages e¹ and d to the position
in which they open the passages e and d¹, and permit the ingress of water to
the cylinder on the left side of the piston, and its egress from the cylinder.at
the right side of the piston producing the movement of the piston to the
right. The valves are kept in either of the above-mentioned positions by
means of the larger area of the faces i as compared with the faces j, the
pressure of the water against that valve which is closed against its seat d
or d' exceeding the pressure upon that which is closed against seat e¹ or e.
By the arrangement of the valves between the two seats, as described, there
is at all times, even during the movement of the valves, a uniform amount of
opening to and from the cylinder A, and a uniform flow of water thereinto
and therefrom, and the concussion of water and loss of time occasioned by
closing the port at one end of the cylinder before the other is opened is
obviated, and by the above-described mode of operating it by levers passing
through the ports, all stuffing boxes for the valve gear are dispensed with, and
such gear is greatly simplified.
In alapting the above-described water-pressuro engine to other purposes
than pumping, the cylinder will be fitted with tight heads, in one or both

page_text: of which there will be a stuffing box for the piston rod. F, but in the pumping
engine, instead of cylinder heads. there are secured to the ends of the cylinder
two. close boxes or.castings: G, G!, which are made with diaphragms n, n,
into. which the pump cylinders. H, H', are screwed or otherwise firmly secured,
the said cylinder being open at both ends, and being in line and concentric
with the working cylinder A, and receiving two pistons. I, I, which are
secured one to each end of the piston rod F. These pistons have openings
q.q, through them fitted with valves p, p, which open outward or from the
cylinder A. The boxes G, G, have. within. them. water spaces u, u¹, which sur-
round the pump cylinders, and communicate both with the outer ends of the said
cylinder and with discharge passages r, r², cast on the working cylinder A,
the said passages delivering through valves s, s', into the air vessel J, which is
arranged on the top of the said cylinder, and the outlet from which is through
another passage t cast in the cylinder A for the connection of the delivery
pipe u. When the pistons move to the right, water from the cylinder A
follows the piston. I into the cylinder H, while the water which has followed
the piston I. into the cylinder: H in its previous. movement to the left is trans-
ferred.from.the inner to the outer side of the piston I, while the water with
which the cylinder H' had previously been filled, and which has been trans-
ferred to the outer side of the piston I' in its movement to the left, is forced
out through the open end of the cylinder Hand through the surrounding
water space u³, passage r¹, and valve s³ to the air vessel J, and thence through
the passage to the delivery pipe u. In the movement of the pistons to the
left the water is forced out from the cylinder H through the space u, passager,
and valves, while the said cylinder is refilled from the cylinder A, and the
water in the cylinder H¹ is transferred from the inner to the outer side of the
piston I¹.
It will be seen that in the above operation the water is taken by the pumps
directly from the working cylinder of the water engine. By the arrangement
of the pump cylinders to effect this result, stuffing boxes and glands are
entirely dispensed with as well as suction pipes, and by the mode of inserting
the said cylinders into diaphragms n, n', cylinders of various sizes can be
applied to the same engine according to the height of the head of water by
which the engine is to be driven, or to the height to which the water is to be
forced by the pumps.
. Near the outer ends of the pump cylinders H, H', there are provided
therein holes v, v, leading into the surrounding water spaces w, w¹; these
openings are so arranged that the pistons in their outward stroke will pass
them, and thus form a free communication between the water in front and the

page_text: water behind as the pistons approach very near the ends of their stroke, and
so relieve the engine from all resistance from the pumps, except their friction
during the time when the piston E is changing the position of the valves,
and thereby obviating any liability of the engine to stop with the valve partly
open.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, so constructing and applying the valves of a water-pressure engine to
operate between the inlet and discharge openings d, d¹, and e, e¹, or their
equivalents, that one valve will control both its respective openings, and that
a uniform opening for the ingress and egress of water to and from the cylinder
will be at all times maintained, substantially as herein specified.
Secondly, the double-faced valves C, C¹, arranged between the inlet and
outlet openings d, d, and e, e³, and in relation to the ports c, c', and operating
substantially as herein specified.
Thirdly, the mode of operating the valves C, C', of a water-pressure engine
by means of the piston E, whereby all stuffing boxes are dispensed with for
the valve gear, substantially as herein described.
Fourthly, so combining a pump or pumps with a water-pressure engine that
the pump or pumps take the water direct from the cylinder of the engine,
substantially as herein specified.
Fifthly, the boxes or casings G, G', diaphragms n, n¹, and passages r, r, in
combination with each other and with the pump cylinders and working
cylinder, substantially as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
JAMES DAISH,
58, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.B.)