Improvements in Locking Nuts.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1890-Accepted, 2nd Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locking Nuts.
1, PERCY ALBERT ISAACS of 54 Whittington Road, Bowes l'ark, London, N.,
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention. to be as follows :-
The object of my invention is to construct bolts, nuts and washers in such a manner
as to prevent the nuts from becoming loosened by vibration or intermittent strains
when once firmly screwed up.
In forming my invention to perfection I form a flat upon the bolt, extending from
the end of the screw thread to the under side of the head thereof. Two washers are
made to coincide with the bolt shaped as stated above, so that when slipped upon it
they cannot be turned round. The uppermost washer, which is intended to be next to
the nut, is slit, and at one side of the slit is slightly sprung upward. The underside
of the nut is serrated in the form of a radial ratchet and when screwed up tightly,
one of said serrations is caught and retained by the slight projecting part of the
washer above mentioned and the nut secured in its final position thereby. Or I may
dispense with the aforesaid serrations upon the under side of the nut, and form the
upper washer with one or more projecting tongues upon the outer circumference
thereof, so that when the nut is screwed home one or more of the projecting tongues
upon the said washer may be turned up against the side or sides of the nut, from which
position the nut cannot move until the upturned projecting tongue piece or pieces are
removed therefrom and restored to its or their original position. Or I may employ
the use of an upper washer of larger diameter than the nut, and cut radial slits upon
the periphery thereof in such a manner as to enable me to turn up a portion of said
washer against each of the sides of the nut or any portion thereof as may be desired.
Or I may in certain cases according to the shape of the nut intended to be used, slit the
washer next the nut, radially and circumferentially in such a manner that the part or
parts of said washer so slit may automatically engage with the passing sides of the
nut when being screwed home, to the extent of preventing the return movement
thereof until desired. By the adoption of either of the foregoing means according to
my invention the upper washer in use with the nut acts as a perfect and reliable lock
therefor.
1.
111 1
1 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locking Nuts.
I, PERCY ALBERT ISAACS of 54 Whittington Road, Bowes Park, London N.
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
-
My invention relates to improvements in bolts, nuts and washers, and has for its
object a means for preventing nuts from becoming loosened by vibration or inter-
mittent strains when once firmly screwed upon the' bolt.
.
In order that my invention and the manner of carrying out the same may be fully
understood, I have appended the accompanying sheet of drawings in which similar
letters of reference are used throughout, to indicate corresponding parts:
Fig. 1 is a side view of an ordinary bolt having a flat formed thereon extending the

page_text: whole length of the thread thereof. Fig. 2 is an end view of same. Fig. 3 is a side
view of a square nut serrated on the under surface thereof. Fig. 4 is a view of the
under surface of Fig. 3 further explaining the manner of forming the serrations
thereon. Figs. 5. 6, 7 and 8 are plan views, and Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional views
of different forms of washers adopted by me in carrying out my invention. Fig. 11
is a view of two pieces of wood bolted together illustrating the application of that type
of washer shown by Fig. 5, and Figs. 12, 13 and 14 are views illustrating the applica-
tion of Figs. 6, 8 and 7 respectively.
upon
the
In carrying out my invention I employ an ordinary bolt Fig. 1 and form a flat A
thereon extending the length or thereabouts of the thread thereof, upon which I place
a washer, the hole B of which is made to coincide with the bolt shaped as aforesaid, so
that when slipped upon it the washer cannot be turned round, said washer is slit in
the manner shewn at C Fig. 7 so that said slit tends to be slightly sprung upward. A
suitable nut of any desired shape having the underside serrated as at a Figs. 3 and 4,
is screwed upon the bolt, and when close up to the aforesaid washer one of said
serrations is caught and retained by the projecting part C of said washer, and the nut
secured in its final position thereby. The application of this type of washer with a nut
serrated in the manner described is clearly shewn in position upon a bolt by Fig. 14.
Or I may dispense with the aforesaid serrations a upon the under side of the nut and
form said washer with one or more projecting tongues D Figs. 5 and 11 upon the
outer circumference thereof, so that when the nut is screwed home, one or more of the
tongues D may be turned up against the side or sides of the nut, and so lock it in
position, from which it cannot possibly move until the tongue or tongues D is or are
removed. In using this type of washer I may where desirable employ a second
washer of the ordinary type as shewn by Fig. 14. Or I may employ an upper
washer of larger diameter than the nut, Fig. 8, and cut radial, slits E
periphery thereof, and turn up a portion or portions of the slits E against the
side or sides of the nut, as may be desired. The application of this type of
washor with an ordinary nut is clearly-illustrated by Fig. 13 with one only of
the slits E turned up against the nut for the purpose of locking it when in
position. Or I may in certain cases according to the shape of the nut intended
to be used form one or more slits in the washer as shewn by F Fig. 6, in which
three such slits are shewn, so that each of the parts F being sprung upward may
automatically engage with the passing sides of the nut when being screwed home.
By the employment of this type of washer with the slits F disposed as shewn by
Fig. 6, and a nut having four equal sides, I find in practice that one twelfth of
a turn of said nut causes one or the other of the parts F to automatically engage
with one or the other of the sides of the nut, the corners of the nut at the same
time depressing the two other pieces F until the nut be turned one twelfth more.
The application of this type of washer is shewn in position by Fig. 12.
I may
also curve or round the edges of the split portions of the washers to afford
additional facility for retaining nuts of irregular shape. Or I may in certain
cases such for instance as where a loose joint has to be bolted together form the
washer with a lug or projection thereon at the edge of and at right angles to,
that part of the hole B formed to fit the flat part A of the bolt, as shewn by the
sectional view Fig. 9. Or I may as an alternative method or where desirable or
expedient form the hole B in either of the types of washers before described,
perfectly circular, in order that it may fit upon an ordinary bolt not furnished
with the flat part A. In this case I attach a pin or stud to the type of washer
intended to be used in the manner shewn by G Fig. 10, and drill a hole to
receive the same in the material or substance being bolted together, this prevents
the washer turning round when the nut is being screwed home. By the adoption
of either of the foregoing types of washers and the manner of applying the same
as herein described, according to my invention, a perfect and reliable lock is
obtained for the nut employed therewith. I wish it to be distinctly understood
that I may form each or any of the above described washers of any suitable metal
or substance without departing from the principle of my invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
First In locking nuts upon screwed bolts and the like, the use and construc-
tion of a serrated nut, Figs. 3 and 4, in combination with a split washer Fig. 7
in the manner shewn by Fig. 14, substantially as herein described with reference
to the appended drawings.
Second In locking nuts upon screwed bolts and the like the use and construc-
tion of a split washer as shewn by Fig. 5, in combination with a bolt and nut
Fig. 11, substantially as described with reference to the appended drawings.
Third In locking nuts upon screwed bolts and the like, the use and construc-
tion of a split washer as shewn by Fig. 6, in combination with a bolt and nut,
Fig. 12, substantially as described with reference to the appended drawings.
Fourth In locking nuts upon screwed bolts and the like the use and construc-
tion of a split washer as shewn by Fig. 8 in combination with a bolt and nut
Fig. 13 substantially as described with reference to the appended drawings.
Dated this 27th day of May 1890.
FREDK. WALKER & HYDE,
4, Moorfields, London, E.C., Agents for Applicant.