IMPROVE- MENTS IN CANDLESTICKS, AND IN MANUFACTURING PARTS OF CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Caddick, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Stamper and Piercer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CANDLESTICKS, AND IN MANUFACTURING PARTS OF CANDLESTICKS."
Sealed the 21st January 1870, and dated the 10th August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Caddick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1869.
I, JOSEPH CADDICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Stamper and Piercer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS, AND IN MANUFACTURING PARTS OF CANDLE-
STICKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in constructing candle holders or clips
for holding the candle in an upright position in the candlestick in the
following manner :-
In constructing the said holders or clips according to my Invention,
I make them in the form of a spring, the upper ends of the spring

page_text: My Invention consists, thirdly, of the following improvements in
making the knobs or thumb bits of the spring slides of candlesticks.
The said knobs or thumb bits, as ordinarily made consist of a flat plate
screwed to the bottom of the slide. In making the said knobs or thumb
bits according to my Invention I take a metal stem and reduce its
diameter at both ends; upon one end I secure by means of dies and
pressure a nearly flat head, the said head being made of two shells
closed upon one another; upon the other end of the stem I secure by
soldering a cupped disk, which disk serves to cover the end of the stem
by which the knob or thumb bit is connected to the spring slide.
Instead of making the head of the thumb bit of two shells it may be
made of a single ornamental shell secured to the end of the stem by
rivetting. Or the head of the thumb bit may be made of a spherical
or other figure and fixed to the stem by forcing the latter into a hole
in the head. Or the hole may completely pass through the head and
the stem be fixed thereto by rivetting. Or the stem may be used without
a head.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Caddick in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
CADDICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Stamper and
Piercer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Caddick, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Caddick, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Caddick, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CANDLESTICKS, AND IN MANUFACTURING PARTS OF CANDLESTICKS," upon

page_text: the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Caddick, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the t
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Caddick, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in constructing candle holders or clips
for holding the candle in an upright position in the candlestick in the
following manner :-
In constructing the said holders or clips according to my Invention I
make them in the form of a spring, the upper ends of the spring con-
stituting the gripping parts by which the candle is held. In making
the said spring I take a piece of wire, and by bending it at its middle form
two nearly parallel spring arms, the ends of the said arms being bent
horizontally into a curved figure, the concave sides being presented to
each other. The bottom of the spring is soldered to a metal disk, and
the latter is soldered to the bottom of the tubular body of the candlestick.
When the spring is thus secured in the candlestick its curved ends are
situated immediately below the nozzle of the candlestick, and on either
side thereof. On introducing the candle into the candlestick it is gripped
or held between the curved upper ends of the spring arms, and is thereby
prevented from falling from the candlestick. The cup of the spring slide
upon which the candle is supported has cross slots made in it, through
which the arms of the spring clip or holder pass. Instead of making the
upper ends of the spring which grip the candle out of the spring itself
curved plates may be soldered or fastened to the upper ends of the spring
arms, the inner sides of the said plates having such a figure that when
the candle is placed between them they close upon it and grip it with a
gentle pressure. In this arrangement a double spring may be used, that
is, each curved plate may be supported by two spring arms. In this
case four radial slots are made in the cup of the spring slide for the
four arms of the candle holder or clip to pass through.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in

page_text: making the spring slides of candlesticks upon which the candle is
supported. Instead of rivetting a raised cup to the bent upper end of
the spring as usual, I make the said cup, attach it to the spring, and
bend the spring in the following way :-I take a metal disk with or
without ears at opposite points of its edge, and I place the said disk
upon the middle of the blank or strip from which the spring is to be
made, and by means of a pair of dies or tools worked in a press I close the
said disk upon the spring blank so as to secure it thereto, cup the disk,
and double the blank or strip, and make therefrom the spring. A
complete spring slide ready to be placed in the candlestick is thus formed.
By making spring slides in this way, great facility of manufacture and
non-liability to the separation of the parts are secured.
My Invention consists, thirdly, of the following improvements in
making the knobs or thumb bits of spring slides of candlesticks. The
said knobs or thumb bits as ordinarily made consist of a flat plate
screwed to the bottom of the slide. In making the said knobs or
thumb bits according to my Invention I take a metal stem, and upon
one end I fix a shell or cup by dies and pressure, and complete the head
of the stem by another shell or cup closed upon or soldered to the first
described shell or cup. Instead of making the head of the thumb bit
of two shells it may be made of a single ornamental shell secured to the
end of the stem by rivetting.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section a chamber candlestick, to
which a spring candle holder or clip made according to one of my im-
provements is applied, and Figure 2 is a plan of the nozzle part of the
candlestick; a is the tubular part of the candlestick, in which the spring
candle holder or clip b, b, and c, c, is fixed. The said holder or clip
consists of a piece of wire bent at its middle into two nearly parallel
arms b, b. The bottom of the spring arms b, b, thus made is soldered to
a metal disc or cup d, having a depression nearly across it in which the
said bottom lies. A plan and section of the cup or disc d is represented
in Figure 3. The cup or disc d to which the spring clip or holder is
affixed is connected to the bottom of the tubular part a of the candle-
stick by soldering or rivetting. To the bent horizontal upper parts of
the spring arms a, a, of the clip or holder curved plates c, c, are fixed by

page_text: closing the ears c³, c³, of the said plates by dies and pressure upon or
around the said horizontal parts. The spring clip or holder is represented
detached from the candlestick in elevation and plan in Figure 4. One
elevation showing the concave inner edge of one of the curved
plates c, c, and the other elevation showing the outer edges of the said
plates c, c.
Figure 5 represents the blanks from which the curved plates c, c, are
made. When the curved plates c, c, close upon one another by the
elasticity of the spring arms b, b, an elliptical opening is left between
them as represented in Figures 2 and 4. The said plates c, c, are situated
immediately below the nozzle e of the candlestick and on either side
thereof. When a candle is placed between the curved plates c, c, of the
holder or clip the said plates are pressed outwards, the elasticity
of the spring arms b, b, causing them to close upon and grip the candle
with a gentle pressure and support it in an upright position in the
candlestick. The cup fof the spring slide 9 upon which the candle
rests has cross slots f, made in it through which the arms b, b, of the
spring clip or holder pass. A side elevation and plan of the spring
slide g is represented in Figure 6. Instead of the two spring arms
represented each of the curved gripping plates c, c, may be supported by
two spring arms. In this case the cup of the spring slide has four radial
slots made in it.
Figure 7 represents in side elevation, plan, and front elevation a spring
candle holder or clip made from one piece of wire, that is, instead of fixing
curved plates to the tops of the spring arm's b, b, the said tops of the arms
are bent horizontally into a curved figure to form the clipping parts c, c,
of the candle holder. By an examination of the plan view of Figure 7 it
will be seen that the concave sides of the clipping parts c, c, are presented
to each other and grip the candle between them in the manner described
with respect to the separate curved plates. Instead of curving the
upper ends of the spring arms the said ends may only be bent at right
angles, the candle being gripped by the angles of the bent tops of the said
spring arms.
This arrangement of my 'Invention is represented in Figures 8 and 9
of the Drawings, Figure 8 representing a section of the tubular part of
a candlestick with a candle holder applied thereto, and Figure 9, a plan
of the same. In this arrangement I use three spring arms b, b, b, each
spring arm being made of a separate piece of wire, and I arrange the said

page_text: spring arms equidistant from each other as represented in Figure 9, the
lower bent ends of the wires being soldered to the cup or disk d, and the
latter to the candlestick a. The parts of the bent upper ends of the
spring arms b, b, Figures 8 and 9, which grip the candle are marked c.
The cup, of the spring slide g is formed with three radial slots f³, for
the three spring arms b, b, b, to work in. A plan of the cup of the
spring slide is represented in Figure 10. Instead of the three 'spring
arms represented in Figures 8 and 9, two only may be used or more
than three may be employed, the cup of the spring slide having a
corresponding number of radial slots made in it.
Although I prefer to make the spring arms of the several candle
holders represented of wire, yet I do not. limit myself thereto, as the said
arms may be made from strips of sheet iron or other metal.
Figure 11 represents in side elevation, front clevation, and section a
spring slide for a candlestick made according to my Invention. The said.
slide consists of a spring hand a cup i attached to the top of the said
spring. I make the said cup i, attach it to the spring h, and bend the
said spring at one operation by means of the pair of dies represented in
section and plan in Figures 12 and 13, the said sections being taken at
right angles to one another. The said dies consist of a punch or moveable
die k and a lower or fixed die 1, the said dies being worked in a press.
The lower die is provided with a nearly annular shoulder m, on which
the disk from which the cup i of the slide is to be made, and the said
die is also provided with cross slots 1, 12, in which the blank or strip of
sheet iron hs from which the spring his to be made is placed. The disc'
being placed on the lower die with the strip h2 upon it in the manner
represented in Figures 12 and 13, the upper die or punch k is made to
descend. The first action of the punch k is to carry the spring blank h
and disc to the bottom of the cross slots 1, 12, in the lower die 7. In
doing this the disk is partly cupped by the lower die 1, and the metal
of the said disk situated in the cross slots 12 is pinched or doubled inwards
upon the edges of the spring blank *, and the disk thereby fixed to the
said blank. The pinching or doubling inwards is effected by the vertical
sides of the cross slots 18. The disk i and blank 12 in this stage of
their manufacture are represented in plan 'in Figure 14, where 'the
pinched or doubled parts of the disk are marked i³. By the continued
descent of the punch the disk i and spring blank h³ are carried-into
the lower die 1, the sides of the disc i are thereby completely cupped and

page_text: the spring blank bent into a spring, as represented in Figure 11. Portions
of the vertical sides of the punch k are cut away for the purpose of
allowing the punch to pass the pinched or doubled parts i' when the disc
is carried to the bottom of the lower die l. A part of the punch k showing
the said cut away parts is represented in elevation in Figure 13.
Instead of making the spring of the slide of a strip of sheet iron as before
described the said spring may be made of wire, as represented in
Figures 15 and 16. In this arrangement I provide the disc is, Figure 17,
from which the cup of the slide is to be made with ears it, which
I fold down upon the wire h³, Figure 18, from which the spring is to
be made before the parts are placed upon the lower die 1, Figures 12
and 13. By the operation of the pair of dies, Figures 12 and 13, the
ear's are bent upon or around the sides of the wire h³, the disk i² is
cupped, and the wire h2 bent into the spring of the slide, the said
slide assuming the form represented in Figure 15. After bending
inwards one of the arms of the spring h, Figure 15, and attaching
the knob or thumb bit thereto, in the manner represented in Figure 16
the slide is complete. I make the knobs or thumb bits of spring
slides of the ordinary kind or manufactured according to my Invention
in the manner illustrated in Figure 19, that is to say, I take a metal
stem n screwed at one end and rivet a washer p upon the other end.
I next fix upon the said end of the stem and washer a cup or shell q by
dies and pressure, and upon the said cup or shell q I fix a second cup or
shell by dies and pressure, or by soldering, and thereby complete the
head. The thumb bit is finished by being tinned. A complete head or
thumb bit made in this way is represented in elevation in Figure 16.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. The improvements in candle holders or clips of candlesticks
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say, making the said holders or clips of two or more spring arms
constructed and applied to the candlestick, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated.
Secondly. The improvements in manufacturing the spring slides of
candlesticks herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying

page_text: Drawings, that is to say, making the cup, attaching the said cup to the
spring, and bending the spring at one operation, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The improvements herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings in manufacturing the knobs or thumb bits
of the spring slides of candlesticks.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Caddick, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOSEPH CADDICK. (L.S.)