matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH FIRE-GRATES USED FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Caton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1874.
I, GEORGE CATON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, General
Pattern Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH FIRE-GRATES USED
FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
On the top of the grate, over the fire, there is a hollow hot hearth
having in it a number of chambers with perforations for pans or kettles,
or it may be made plain if required.
The smoke from the fire passes through passages to a flue in which
there is a valve for regulating the draught, and between the fire and
smoke passages there are small openings or perforations for enabling the
smoke to be consumed to a great extent. Through the fire there is a
series of tubes connected to any convenient part of the hot hearth, or to
a hollow black plate, which is also connected to the hot hearth; and these
tubes continually supply heated air to the hot hearth, from which it is

page_text: conducted by tubes or pipes to any apartment or place desired, there
being valves or regulators for regulating the heat, and either from the
ordinary chimney or at any place leading into the room there is a
ventilator for the admission of air.
C
NEW OR IMPROVED BUDDS OR SPRIGS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Purdic at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1874.
I, PETER PURDIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW
OR IMPROVED BUDDS OR SPRIGS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES,
AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING
THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The first of this Invention, which relates to new or improved budds
and sprigs used in the manufacture of boots and shoes, has for its object
to reduce the weight of metal constituting the same. This is effected
by forming the budds and sprigs of a taper form, and triangular in
section.
The second part of the Invention, which relates to the means or
mechanism by which the improved budds or sprigs are produced, consists
of dies or revolving wheels, whose edges or peripheries have taper

page_text: triangular recesses in alternate directions cut into their surfaces. These
dies or revolving wheels being pressed or forced into or upon the piece
or bar of iron, steel, brass, or copper, from which the budds or sprigs are
to be made, at once cut or divide the metal into budds or sprigs of the
form or shape herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Newton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1874.
I, ROBERT NEWTON, of Lower Providence Mill, Keighley, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to the construction of fire-bars having a
circulation of water therethrough, and to the apparatus employed for
supporting the said bars, and for securing a provision for the required
circulation of water through the said bars.
The bars I construct of metal tubes cut to lengths according to the
width of the fire required. The ends of these tubular bars are connected
with metal water cases or boxes, one of such cases or boxes being at
each side of the furnace. The cases or boxes are divided into a series of
separate chambers or compartments, so as to secure the required.
circulation of the water through the tubular bars, and such tubular bars

page_text: may be slightly bent or curved in order to admit of contraction and
expansion without injury to the joints. Where, however, the cases or
boxes are not fixtures the bars need not be curved.
The tubular bars may be connected to the sides or to the top of the
water cases or boxes.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY IN WHICH REVOLVING CUTTERS ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Squirc and John
McComb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd October 1874.
We, EDWIN SQUIRE and JOHN MCCOMB, of Milfort Mill, Belfast,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY IN WHICH REVOLVING CUTTERS ARE EMPLOYED," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the liability of accident or
injury to the attendant that always attaches to machines in which
several revolving cutters are employed, as for example, in machines.
constructed for fluting the rollers for spinning frames.
The Invention consists in a novel arrangement of "guards" or
"covers" by means of which the attendant's hands when changing the
work are prevented from coming in contact with the rotary cutter or
grooving or milling tool..
These guards or covers are simple in form and easy of appli-
cation to existing machines, and offer no obstruction to the putting in

page_text: and taking out of the work, facility for the rapid changing of which is a
necessity in this class of machines.
In adapting the Invention to machines for fluting rollers, for example,
we make the cover which surrounds the rotary tool or cutter in two
parts as heretofore, but the bottom half or portion through which the
cutter projects we fix to the sliding bracket in which the cutter is
mounted, and the upper half or portion we make removeable to allow of
access to the cutter. Upon the slide which carries the work we fix a
guard or divided cover which encloses the work, and this cover we form
with side openings, which will allow the attendant to place the work in
position and to remove it when finished without risk of getting his
fingers in contact with the rotating cutter as the work is travelling
towards the same. The "guard" or "cover" will be open at top from end
to end to allow of the passage of the work under and in contact with tho
cutter.
AN IMPROVED CASK FILLING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Baker Scott Webb at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th March 1874.
I, CHARLES BAKER SCOTT WEBB, of Stratford, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CASK FILLING APPARATUS," to be as follows:―
Hitherto in filling casks with ale or beer they cannot be filled at once
in consequence of the froth rising, whereby much time and labour is lost
in waiting until the froth disappears.
The purpose of my Invention is to completely fill any number of casks
with little labour and without froth or waste. I first lay the casks in a
row close together with their bung holes upwards; into these holes I.
insert a metal stopper with angle sides, round which I have valcanize
india-rubber band; through the top of the stopper I have 2 orifices of ¾
diameter; into one I insert and make fast a tube (of same diameter)
projecting 3 inches above, on to which a connecting cock is attackeḍ
having the usual thread; the length of this tube below the stopper is
made to reach within ½ inch of bottom of cask, so as not to cause any
froth to rise, as the casks and barrels are of all sizes; this tube is made in

page_text: 3 or 4 small pieces screwed together, so the length can correspond with
the depth of cask. Into the other orifice I have a small tube fitted of 5
inches long, 1 inch projecting above the stopper, which end is made of a
tapering form or conical, leaving a small hole at top, on the other end of
tube (below the stopper) a cap is screwed on; in this tube I insert by
unscrewing the cap a wooden cone of 2½ inches long, having à bright metal
cap; round the shoulder of this cap I fix an india-rubber band; round the
centre of the tube just above the wooden cone 4 or 6 small orifices are
drilled. I now have a hose running over the tops of the casks having
equal distance orifices, each orifice having the usual thumb screw nut
attached to connect or screw on to the thread end of connecting cock.
The liquid now passes from the vats above through the hoes into the
first orifice and down the tube into the cask or barrel; the air escapes
through the orifices in small tube and out at the top; as soon as the
liquid reaches to the orifices it causes the wooden cone to rise and fit
tight into the tapering end. of tube; the bright metal cap projecting
proves the cask to be quite full; that being the case the liquid passes on
to the next orifice in hoes, and fills the next cask in the like manner, and
so on until all the casks are filled.. By turning off the connecting cock
and withdrawing the metal stopper as the casks or barrels fill, I am
enable to remove them and place fresh empty ones in their places.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF COATING AND PRESERVING THE SURFACE OF METALLIC HANDLES AND PLATES IN COAL BOXES AND OTHER CASES OR ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Underwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th August 1874.
I, JOSEPH UNDERWOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF COATING AND PRESERVING THE SURFACE OF
METALLIC HANDLES AND PLATES IN COAL BOXES AND OTHER CASES OR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preservation of the surface of metallic
handles, plates, and corner pieces in coal boxes, dressing and writing
cases, and other similar articles, chiefly those made of wood, but also
applicable to such articles made of other material, and the Invention
consists in coating the handles or other parts with a deposition of nickel,
the object of the Invention being to prevent rust or oxydisation arising
from exposure, use, and moisture,

page_text: The deposition of the nickel may be effected by any known process,
the novelty and utility of the Invention consisting in the plating of the
handles and other parts with nickel, so that when dull or deadened they
can with slight friction be restored to their original brightness by means
of wash or kid leather, or other similar soft substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
May 1874.
I, GEORGE KNOWLES, junior, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to that apparatus commonly called the Bodmer
fecder, and consists in a method by which I am enabled to adjust the
apparatus to suit it for feeding different lengths of fibre. For this
purpose I mount the dish and roller so that they are capable of being
turned upward or downward upon a centre, by the former movement
providing a greater space for long fibre, and by the latter a smaller
space for short fibre; and in order to maintain the proper relative
position to the acting surface of the licker-in I form the front of the
dish as a portion of a circle, struck from the centre on which it turns.
AN IMPROVED KNIFE OR INSTRUMENT FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING BOOT AND OTHER LACES OR THONGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1874.-A communication from abroad by Louis Rigaux,
of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED KNIFE OR INSTRUMENT FOR
CUTTING AND SHAPING BOOT AND OTHER LACES OR THONGS," a communication
to me from abroad by Louis Rigaux, of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The bootmaker being obliged to furnish some of the boots that he
makes with laces must necessarily provide himself with a tool for
manufacturing these laces. There are tools now in use, by the aid of
which this work is performed more or less advantageously, but generally
the multiplicity of tools is a hindrance to the workman, and he does
not readily adopt a new tool in addition to those which he already
possesses.
The object of this Invention is to provide the workman with a tool
for cutting and shaping laces or thongs without changing either the
nature or the number of the tools which he now uses.

page_text: The knife now most used by the bootmaker is the instrument which
is by this Invention converted into a lace cutter, and a draw plate for
shaping the lace after it is cut.
The means adopted for making the knife also a lace cutting instru-
ment, is as follows:-At the head or end opposite its point the knife is
pierced with a hole A. This hole A. is not however pierced in a straight
line, but is cut sloping at a suitable angle through the thickness of the
metal, as shown in the section A, B. This method of perforating the
metal gives two beveled cutting edges a and b, more or less sharp,
according to the amount of bevel. Each face of the knife thus gives a
lace cutter, inasmuch that either face may be used indifferently.
The method of making a lace is very simple. Take a round, or
partially rounded piece of leather C, cut a small tongue D with the
point of the knife, then pass this tongue or strip into the beveled
opening A, and draw upon it in the direction of the arrow until the
entire piece is converted into a lace or a thong. This cutting is effected
with a regularity and rapidity unattainable with ordinary tools.
The draw holes B, B¹, B", are simply small openings of graduated
diameters, to which a cutting edge is left on one face only of the knife.
By passing the cut lace into one of these draw holes and rapidly pulling
it through all its sharp edges are removed, and the lace from square
becomes rounded, and may be made still more round by passing it
through a smaller draw hole, and so on.
It will be evident that the cutting and shaping orifices may be of
various shapes and dimensions, and be formed in any suitable part of the
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1874.
I, THOMAS WARD, of 11, Prospect Terrace, Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES," to be as follows:-
By means of a small pulley (for either chains or bands) fixed on one
of the axles of a railway carriage or truck a certain amount of power is
transmitted to another pulley fixed in a box under the framework of the
said railway carriage or truck, which second pulley is provided with a
clutch corresponding and fitting with another clutch, which slides
longitudinally on the spindle, and thus causes the said spindle to revolve
or not as required.
When the said clutches are placed in gear the spindle revolves and
winds a chain or band round it, and this chain or band is then passed
through pulley blocks, and thus transmits the power taken from the axle
direct to the lever, which on being pulled over places the brake blocks to

page_text: the periphery of the wheels, and thus by means of the power thus
gained it gradually brings the said carriage or truck to a stand.
The apparatus by which the before-mentioned clutches are thrown in
gear or out as required is as follows:-Two iron shafts are passed along
each carriage or truck fitted at each end with couplings, as shown in the
annexed tracings, and running in bearings fixed under the end framing
of the said carriage or truck and fitted under the said carriage or truck
with a lever or crank, which being connected with another lever by
placing the said lever or crank at an angle of 90° to its original position
moves the clutch along the spindle to "in gear" or "out of gear," as
the case may be. These shafts are connected by means of two levers
and a connecting rod or cog wheels so as to form an opposite motion,
that is to say, when shaft No. 1 is revolving to the right shaft No. 2
shall be revolving to the left. Each shaft or one of them is provided
with a compensating lever so that they shall be in equilibrium in any
position. These iron shafts are connected from vehicle to vehicle, and
so on to the tender of the engine at the one end of the train and to the
guard's van at the other end of the train, and by a wheel in the guard's
van connected. by a chain pulley to the said shafts, or one of them, the
guard can at will by a motion of the said wheel equal to not less than
90 degrees of its periphery place all the before-mentioned machinery in
motion throughout the length of the train, and in like manner by a
small wheel keyed on a vertical or inclined shaft fixed on the tender of
the engine, the said shaft being fitted with a worm or cog wheels at its
lower end, the said worm or cog wheels being in connection with a
worm wheel or a corresponding cog wheel on a shaft under the tender
fitted with a coupling to correspond with those on the carriages or trucks
aforesaid, the driver or fireman may with equal facility apply the brakes
to the train by a motion of the said shaft equal to not less than
90 degrees.
AN IMPROVED DOUBLE-WAY SUPPLY VALVE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hays Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
June 1874. A communication from abroad by William Craig, of
Newark, in the State of New Jersey, and Henry Lefferts Brevoort,
of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of America.
I, JOHN HAYS WILSON, of the Firm of John Hays Wilson and
Company, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
DOUBLE-WAY SUPPLY VALVE," (a communication) to be as follows:-
An improved double-way supply valve constructed according to this
Invention consists of a valve box or chest constructed with a double or
straight way, and a supply opening in the centre thereof and at right
angles thereto. Within the straight or double way are two valve seats
arranged one in each way, so that two valves fixed on the same spindle
will respectively open or close each way as may be required. The.valve
box is also fitted with a supply opening which enters the box between
the valve seats as before-mentioned. The valves fitted in the box
consist of two ordinary lift valves fixed on the same spindle, and so
arranged that when one valve is up against its seat, the other valve is
open and vice versa. The spindle carrying the valves is worked by a

page_text: shaft passing through a stuffing box in the valve chest. This shaft is
provided with a crank and pin which takes into an adjustable stud fixed
on the spindle carrying the valves. The shaft for actuating the spindle
is fitted with a lever provided with a suitable weight for keeping the
valves in position each way, and the supply opening is provided with 5
a suitable flange or other means of attachment to pipes as will be
understood.
A double-way supply valve constructed according to this Invention is
suitable for any supply purpose, where it is at times required to divert
the direction of supply, and it is especially adapted for taking the place 1
of cocks when large sizes are required, and it is especially adapted for
use with Craig and Brevoort's condenser for steam pumps, for which
Letters Patent were granted on the 21st day of November 1870,
numbered 3049.
In fitting a double-way supply valve according to this Invention to 1
Craig and Brevoort's Patent condenser for steam pumps, the double or
straight way is arranged with one way to the condenser and the other to
the atmosphere, the supply opening being fitted to the pipe leading to
the exhaust steam from cylinder of engine, so that when it is required
to condense the exhaust steam, the valve is opened by the lever and 2
shaft to the condenser and closed to the atmosphere, and when it is
required to exhaust into the atmosphere the valve can be closed to the
condenser and opened to the atmosphere.
In a similar manner this valve may be used as a medium for diverting
AN IMPROVED APPA- RATUS AND MEANS FOR ECONOMIZING COAL OR WOOD BY THE USE OF CLAY OR VARIOUS EARTHY OR WASTE MATERIAL, WHICH INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED TO ANY FIRE- GRATE OR FURNACE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Arthur Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th July 1874.
I, THOMAS ARTHUR COCHRANE, of 25, Lillington Street, Pimlico, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPA-
RATUS AND MEANS FOR ECONOMIZING COAL OR WOOD BY THE USE OF CLAY OR VARIOUS
EARTHY OR WASTE MATERIAL, WHICH INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED TO ANY FIRE-
GRATE OR FURNACE," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in utilising the burning of coal or wood to the
best advantage, and thereby cause the greatest heat out of a given
quantity.
The apparatus in one particular is almost similar to a box or case
made so as to fit into the back part of a fire-grate. The upright or
vertical side of the box or case is next to the quick burning coal or
wood, leaving from 2 inches to 4 inches thereabout from the front of
fire-grate. This box or case is filled with clay or other earth or waste
material, which becomes ignited or greatly heated when the coal or

page_text: wood is made to burn sufficiently to heat the upright or vertical side of
box or case. The material of slow combustion being at the back ground
causes a great heat to radiate in front. Thus half of the fire-grate is
occupied by a material costing about (58.) five shillings the ton, while the
other half of fire-grate is supplied with coal or wood at great economy,
and giving greater heat.
It is not absolutely necessary to have a box, or case as aforesaid, as
the same result may be obtained by dividing the fire-grate by an upright
or vertical plate or fire-clay slab, and fix it in that position, so that the
coal or wood be in front and the slow combustion material behind; or
the cheeks of a fire-grate when first made may be made with a sliding
groove in the centre, so that an iron plate or fire-clay slab may pass
down the groove and divide the fire-grate.
In applying the same Invention to furnaces I place the grate that
holds the coal or wood in such a position that the heat both in front and
back of coal or wood is absorbed by the clay or other earth or refuse of
slow combustion, so that, the heated air may pass with the flame of coal
or wood to heat the furnace of locomotive or other engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1874.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of Rushmere Lodge, Lower Norwood, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial stone.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to me, and dated the 29th
day of April 1870, No. 1233, I described a process for the manufacture
of artificial stone, in which silicate of soda, limic, and silica in a readily
soluble state are the active ingredients. The lime decomposed, the
silica of soda forming insoluble silicate of lime, and set free soda
which then combined with silica, forming silicate of soda, which again
was acted upon by a further portion of lime, and so on. I find that
this process is much improved by manipulating in the following
manner :-I take a suitable sand or substance containing silica, of which

page_text: a portion is readily soluble (the sand found in the neighbourhood of
Farnham, Surrey, and generally known by the name of Farnham silica,
or that found near Woolwich and Charlton, and called white moulding
sand, I find to be specially applicable), and I mix such sand or silicious
material with caustic soda. I employ about 16 lbs. of caustic soda
to the ton of stone to be made, but this will vary according to the size
of the grain of the other materials (usually for the most part sharp
sand), of which the bulk of the stone is to be composed. I heat the
silicious material with the soda, the material being well covered with
water, and the whole is thoroughly stirred from time to time. In this
way a partial conversion of the soda into a silicate of soda is effected.
I then mix with the above ingredients the material to form the bulk of
the stone, by preference clean sharp sand, in the proportion of, say,
16 cwt. I also add lime or cement containing lime, say in the pro-
portion of one cwt. of lime to four cwt. of clean sharp sand, and at the
same time I add any other ingredients I may wish to mix into the stone,
such as chalk, and so forth, or any colouring matter may be added. The
whole of the ingredients are thoroughly mixed, adding water, as may be
necessary to bring the mass into a sufficiently plastic state for moulding
the lime and other materials if any should be finely powdered before
being mixed with the sand and soda.
:
One advantage of this process is that it admits of a smaller proportion
of soda being used than heretofore has been found necessary, and thus
the manufacture is both improved and cheapèned.
A further important advantage is that the speed at which the mixture
sets is thoroughly under control. It sets the more rapidly the longer
the heating of the soda with the soluble silicious material is continued.
I thus facilitate the working of the process described in my former
Patent. I avoid also the inconvenience of too protracted setting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Atkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1874.
I, JOHN ATKINSON, of Great Lever, near Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Brickmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render the surface of bricks and tiles
impervious to atmospheric influences, whereby they are rendered more
durable and the damp is excluded from the buildings constructed of the
said bricks and tiles.
In performing my Invention I prepare a solution of common soil
and oxide of lead or other metal combined with colouring matter if
necessary; the solution so prepared is applied to the surface of the brick
or tile when dried but before being burnt, the bricks or tiles are then
burnt in kilns or otherwise in the usual manner, and the solution that
had been applied forms a hard glaze on the surface of the brick or

page_text: tile. The glaze may be made of any colour, according to the colouring
matter, combined with the solution so as to produce an ornamental
surface on the brick or tile.
The solution before mentioned is prepared as follows:-I mix 4 parts
of common soil and water and pass it through a fine sieve, I then add
about one part of oxide of lead, also mixed with water; these ingredients
are then well mixed together. The brick or tile is dipped in the above
solution and then burnt as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEAM, HYDRAULIC, BLOWING, PUMPING, OR WATER ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Kayser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th February 1874.-A communication from abroad by Theodor
Schultz, of Vienna, Austria, Engineer.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM KAYSER, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEAM, HYDRAULIC, BLOWING, PUMPING,
OR WATER ENGINES," (a communication to me from abroad by Theodor
Schultz, of Vienna, Austria, Engineer) to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to construct and arrange the principal
parts of steam, hydraulic, blowing, water, and pumping engines in such
a manner that such machines shall be compound in themselves, take up
very little room, require but little and simple foundations, and be
capable of being easily erected and fixed, and easily removed and
re-erected anywhere in very little time, with but little skill and at a
comparatively inconsiderable expence.
In carrying this Invention into practice the cylinder is constructed
and arranged or made to form a bed plate, and has all other parts
attached to it, the guides being united with one of the lids, and the
bearing for carrying the fly wheel or driving shaft with the other.

page_text: Between the guides the piston moves to and fro attached to the
crosshead, the latter being united at each end by connecting rods with
the cranks fixed on the driving shaft.
For bolting the machine against a wall or foundation brackets are
fixed on the cylinder alone, or on the cylinder and to one of the lids 5
according as the construction of the machine, whether horizontal, vertical,
or of any other description requires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hickisson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1874.
I, JAMES HICKISSON, of Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex, Marking Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR
STOPPING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY," to be
as follows:
The object of my Invention is the production of an improved and
secure means of stopping or stoppering bottles, jars, and other vessels of
capacity. For this purpose I construct a stopper and the neck or
opening of the bottle or vessel to which it is to be applied in manner and
of materials such that there shall be a magnetic or a magneto-electric,
or an electric relation or action, so that when the stopper is placed in the
bottle or vessel a firm and air-tight connection or joint shall be
obtained.
Various modes may be adopted for carrying out this Invention.
According to one method a magnetic ball or globe is used, and caused
to drop into a suitably prepared opening or socket so as to effect
magnetic adherence. Or the stopper whether ball shaped or otherwise

page_text: may have a shank, neck, or stem around which or within which a magnet
is applied. Or there may be a magnet within the body of the stopper.
Or there may be a magnetized wire or piece arranged with a non-
conducting interruptor. Or the opening of the bottle or other vessel
may be provided with a lining or fitting which is magnetized or
magnetic, so that when the stopper be placed therein there may be a
magnetic and air-tight joint, closure, or stoppering. Or pins, studs, or
projections may be used of such material as to receive and act in
magnetic or magneto-electric relation with the stopper.
AN IMPROVED STEREO-GRAPHOSCOPE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aimé Hugon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd December
1874.
I, AIMÉ HUGON, of 33, Red Lion Square, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED STEREO-GRAPHOSCOPE," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in the arrangement
and construction of a stereoscope for exhibiting in succession a number
of stereoscopic pictures alone or in combination with and forming part
of a graphoscope in which the sliding picture holder is brought into the
focus of the lens more easily and steadily than has hitherto been done.
For these purposes a rectangular case is provided having a spindle fitted
with handles. passing through it at its upper end, and a similar but
shorter spindle fitted at its lower end. These spindles carry endless belts
or chains formed of links of metallic wire connected alternately with
links formed of thin strips of sheet metal, to which the frames holding
the stereoscopic pictures are attached,

page_text: The upper spindle is made of rectangular section, each side being of
the same length as the links of wire or sheet metal, and by causing the
spindles to revolve either by hand or other suitable power the pictures
are brought into a vertical position, directly opposite the stereoscopic eye
pieces or lenses.
The eye pieces or lenses are adjusted to the desired focus. by means of
a rack and pinion or other suitable contrivance.
The graphoscope may be attached to and form part of the rectangular
case, and is constructed so as to bring the sliding picture holder into the
correct or desired focus of the lens by means of a band, belt, or chain
made to pass round pulleys fitted on two spindles, one placed near the
lens and the other at the opposite end of the graphoscope frame. The
ends of the band, belt, or chain are attached to the lower side of the
sliding picture holder in any secure manner, and the sliding picture
holder travels on suitable guides fixed to the framework.
One or it may be both ends of the front spindle may project beyond
the framework, and be fitted with buttons, crank handles, or any other
contrivance for actuating the spindle, which when made to revolve will
draw in either direction the band, belt, or chain, and cause the sliding
picture holder to advance to or recede from the lens.
The lens and sliding picture holder may be supported and carried by
hinged framework or metal arms, and so arranged as to allow them to be
folded into the body of the graphoscope when not in use, and when so
folded or closed the framework and body of the graphoscope may be
made to form the top or cover of the rectangular case.
The lens and sliding picture holder of the graphoscope are adjusted
and held in position by means of springs, catches, or levers, so constructed
as to fold into the interior of the framework or body.
For exhibiting transparent pictures a lamp fitted with shades and
reflectors may be supported on suitable arms attached to any part of the
rectangular case or the framework of the graphoscope.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING OR RENDERING WRITING PAPER AVAILABLE AS A MEANS OF ADVERTIZING, AND APPLICABLE TO ENVELOPES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy Frederick Tarbutt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1874.
I, PERCY FREDERICK TARBUTT, of Streatham, in the County of
Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING OR RENDERING WRITING
PAPER AVAILABLE AS A MEANS OF ADVERTIZING, AND APPLICABLE TO ENVELOPES,”
to be as follows:-
The Invention comprises the stamping, cutting, or forming sheets or
pieces of writing paper, so that they may admit of folding, and some-
times of (also) securing as a closed letter or letter envelope in com-
bination with the publishing or printing or marking advertisements or
devices upon both sides of the said sheets or pieces of paper, in such
arrangements or manner as to leave spaces on both sides for writing,
which shall be available on the one side (inner side when folded) for an
ordinary letter or communication, and on the other side (outer side when
folded) for the direction. It is contemplated to employ such sheets or
pieces of paper as a means of advertising as follows:-To affix adhesive
postage, or to procure embossed postage stamp on the face, which

page_text: when folded is intended for the direction to receive from advertizers
payment for publishing or printing their advertisements on the spaces
allotted or intended for the purpose, and to obtain or seek a large extent
of distribution by issuing or selling the so prepared sheets or pieces of
paper folded (or it may be unfolded), and gummed or cemented for
fastening or securing (or it may be not gummed nor cemented) at a
price below the value of the postage stamp. It is believed that such a
price may be charged for advertisements as will more than recoup the
loss on the stamp, as well as the cost of production.
When gummed or cemented, sealed or closed down, the written
contents of the letter cannot be read without breaking the seal or
fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOREHOUSES FOR STORING PETROLEUM AND SPIRITS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by Timothy Hewitt Gittins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th August 1874.
I, TIMOTHY HEWITT GITTINS, of No. 5, Harrington Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOREHOUSES FOR
STORING PETROLEUM AND SPIRITS," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
storehouses for storing petroleum and spirits.
For the purpose of storing petroleum and spirits I construct chambers
with concrete walls and floor, and roofed over with concrete arches.
Earth is laid upon the roof arches and against the external walls with
tho double object of excluding the heat of the sun, and of affording
external support. Air spaces are left in the thickness of the walls and
arches for the circulation of air. In one end of each chamber there is a
doorway by which the casks are taken in and out. This doorway, which
is fitted with iron doors, is at some distance from the floor of the

page_text: chamber, so that if in case of accident by fire or otherwise, the petroleum
or spirit in any chamber should escape from the casks, the chamber will
contain it as in a tank, and none of it will flow out to the risk of other
chambers or structures. Each chamber is of comparatively small
capacity, and separated completely by the concrete walls from the
adjacent chambers. A moderate number of chambers forms a block
which is separated from the next block by strong concrete and earthen
walls, so as to exclude all risk of fire passing from ono block to another,
even should it pass from one chamber to another, which is very impro-
bable, in consequence of the precautions by which under any circum-
stances the escape of the liquid from any of the chambers is prevented.
AN IMPROVED PAVING STONE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Chomé-Steinbach at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th April 1874.
I, FREDERIC CHOMÉ-STEINBACH, of St. Gilles, near Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Industrial, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAVING STONE," to be as follows:-
1
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a factitious stone
suitable for paving.
The stone I propose to form in blocks of any suitable shape and size,
and to employ them in the same way as granite blocks in the paving of
roads and ways. In manufacturing these blocks I use small stones of
any kind (hard or soft), and having well dried them I place them in
moulds of sand or iron, and run therein molten iron or lead or a com-
bination of these metals. Grooves are formed in the mould in order to
give to the wearing surface of the blocks a good foot hold for horses.
By this means I obtain a factitious stone which will form a very durable
roadway, and which will not possess the drawbacks of the ordinary
Macadam road, inasmuch as it will be ready for use so soon as laid and

page_text: will neither work up into mud in wet weather, nor will it give off in dry
weather great quantities of dust. ·
The new paving stone must be placed on an even surface which may
be flat or arched, and it may be laid down with lime in the ordinary way
or by any other approved method.
The wearing down of the small stones will necessarily take a long
time, seeing that they are protected by the interstitial metal surrounding
them, and the metal itself if the lead bo on the surface will offer that
yielding property to traffic which all well made roads should possess.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, WINDING, AND REELING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Butterworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1874.
I, ELLIS BUTTERWORTH, of Walton Place Works, Water Street,
Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING,
SPINNING, DOUBLING, WINDING, AND REELING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved footstep and bolster for
supporting and steadying the spindles. The foot of the spindle is made
smaller in diameter than the body as usual and the footstep is bored two
sizes, the top part is large enough for the body of the spindle to go in
and the bottom part smaller so as to fit the foot of the spindle, the large
part of the hole is continued down over part of the foot of the spindle,
and by this means a cavity is formed for oil or other lubricant. The
bolster (for spindle rails without loose caps) I make of two, three, or
more parts; each part has a flange or projection above and a flange or
projection below the rail in which the bolsters are fitted; these pro-

page_text: jections are to prevent the bolsters coming out of the rails when at
work.
The different parts of the bolsters are pressed towards each other and
towards the spindle by a screw or screws which are fastened by lock
nuts; by this means as the spindle or bolster wears the bolsters can be
brought to the spindles again, thus preventing vibration.
AN IMPROVED SANITARY RECEIVING PAN OR SCREEN FOR PRIVIES AND CLOSETS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Sutton Harvey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1874.
I, RICHARD SUTTON HARVEY, of Retford, in the County of Notting-
ham, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SANITARY RECEIVING PAN OR SCREEN FOR PRIVIES AND CLOSETS,"
to be as follows:-.
The object of this Invention is the construction or formation of
sanitary receiving pans or screens to be fitted to privies or closets,
whereby the contents or excrement and urine can be permitted to flow
to the outside of and clear of the closet proper, for the purpose of pre-
venting the return or uprising of effluvia or offensive smells.
The pans or screens are of elongated shape, flat or concave at the
bottom, and dished in the direction of their length at top, so that when
set at an angle from the seat aperture of the closet to and through the
outside wall, the contents as soon as deposited are caused to flow to the
outside and fall into a receptacle placed there to receive them.

page_text: The pan, screen, or receiver can be formed of clay or other plastic
body or of metal, either of which can be enamelled or glazed.
The pan, screen, or receiver can be fitted below the seat in any
suitable manner, but I prefer to form projections or ledges on the four
sides, by which it can be lodged upon cross pieces of timber, or brick- 5
work, or stone, as fixtures, or to be removed at will as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Sowden and Reuben
Calvert Stephenson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th March 1874.
We, DAVID SOWDEN and REUBEN CALVERT STEPHENSON, of Bradford,
in the County of York, Loom Makers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to what is commonly termed
the weft motion, and is applicable to looms used for weaving Paisley
shawls or other similar fabrics requiring a number of odd or single picks
of different colours or qualities of weft. For this purpose the Inventors
apply an ordinary weft fork and grate at each side of the loom, each
pick of weft in its turn (when the fork has operated upon it) is by the
action of the lay taken down into a suitably constructed recess provided
for the purpose, so that the pick way is clear for the succeeding pick of
weft, and so on for any number of succeeding picks.
The second part of this Invention relates to an arresting motion,
whereby the loom is instantly stopped; this is attached to the weft motion

page_text: described above; the object of this is to prevent a second shuttle from
entering the warp shed if the weft of the preceding one is broken, and
consists of a notched disc fixed upon the crank shaft of the loom pro-
vided with a suitable catch hinged upon a stud fixed to the loom frame;
at the breaking of any thread the catch is immediately lowered into the
notch, stopping the loom at once, the weaver having simply to change
the shuttle and start the loom, no part of the several motions having
been displaced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Emile Lefebvre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1874.
I, JOSEPH EMILE LEFEBVRE, of Rue Lavoisier, No. 2, at Paris,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The wicks at present employed for illuminating purposes are plaited,
whereby interstices are formed in the wick which render the supply of
air to the flame irregular, and thus cause an imperfect combustion.
My Invention consists in making such wicks of animal or vegetable
fibres or mixtures thereof felted together, whereby the wick is rendered
of a homogenous nature, and consequently permits of a more perfect
combustion.
Such miaka max ha mode of falted woolen fibre or of the hairs of

page_text: rabbit skins felted together; or they may consist of a mixture of wool
and cotton fibre; or of wool, cotton fibre, and silk fibre felted together;
or of unsized paper or paper pulp; or of cotton wadding felted together.
Such wicks may either be of a tubular or flat form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lazenby at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1873.
I, JAMES LAZENBY, of 6, The Exchange, Market Street, Bradford, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas, parasols,
and sunshades.
In order to secure the ribs of an umbrella, parasol, or sunshade to the
stick or cane, and to bind the ribs in closely around the stick or cane
when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is closed, I attach to the stick
or cane a stud, the stem of which has a screw thread cut upon it. It is
screwed into the stick or cane and is so firmly fixed. The stud also
passes through a small metal plate which it thus serves to attach in its
place. The plate is connected with a metal ring by means of a spring
band, and a loop or tab of silk is attached to the ring to serve as a
handle.

page_text: In applying the fastening the ring is passed over the stud and the
head retains the ring in its place, the spring band encircling the tips of
of the ribs and binding them to the top of the stick or cane.
The ribs can be at once and instantly released by removing the ring
from the stud. The head of the stud is cross cut to facilitate the 5
insertion of the stud into its place in the stick or cane.