Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Liquid Hydrocarbons.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application 20th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th June, 1891-Accepted, 25th July, 1891
Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Liquid Hydrocarbons.
A communication from abroad by THE AERATED FUEL COMPANY. of the City of
Springfield, in the County of Hampden, Massachusetts, United States of
America.
1, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus or system for burning
liquid hydrocarbons as fuel, which is simple in construction, easily controlled, safe,
and otherwise efficient as hereinafter explained, and the invention consists in the
construction, combination and arrangements of parts, all substantially as will
hereinafter more fully appear.
An oil supply tank is located at some low place usually underground, and more
often outside of the building. The level of the oil in said tank may be varied, no
particular height being necessary. A suitable air pump or compressor has a pipe
which leads therefrom and by a branch or extension enters the air space in the
tank above the oil therein.
A series of burners are provided for securing the combustion of the oil, each
having two passages through it, one for oil, and a larger one for air.
One or more of the burners may be located on the ground floor it may be at a
forge furnace, while the other burners are located on the floor or floors above.
A pipe leads from the interior of the tank below the top of the oil therein to
the oil opening of the lower burner. A branch of the air pipe which leads from
the air compressor, connects with the air opening of the said lower burner.
The burner advantageously comprises a coupling body having at its one portion
an air inlet opening, screw-threaded to receive the connection of the air pipe, and
at another portion an oil inlet opening also screw-threaded for the connection of
the oil supply pipe. A downwardly and forwardly directed air passage is forwardly
extended in the air supply pipe having a contracted nozzle which may be formed
by a conical tip or shell which has the small aperture in its apex.
The oil inlet of the burner opens to the chamber in the coupling body which by
the wall or partition is separated from the air passage. There is, however, an
opening through the wall axially coincident with the forwardly extended pipe and
in the rear hubbed wall of said coupling body behind and opposite said opening
there is another opening leading into said chamber. A rotary tube has by an
intermediate portion, a screw engagement with the threaded opening in said rear
hubbed wall its forward portion extending through the opening in the other wall
and its rearwardly extended portion having a hand wheel for conveniently effecting
its rotation. Another tube open from end to end forms a forward axial extension
of this latter tube and terminates in proximity to the tapering interior of the
aforesaid conical tip.
A portion of the said rotary tube which lies across the above mentioned chamber
is perforated so that the oil may pass from said chamber into the forward portion
of said tube. Just in advance of said perforations is a tubular bushing fitted with
a screw engagement in said tube to form a seat for a valve carried by a suitable
spindle. The said spindle has screw threads to engage with the screw threads in
the bore of the tube, and on turning the spindle by its handle it may be adjusted
longitudinally to leave more or less open, or to entirely close the valve.

page_text: When the burner is comprised in a hydrocarbon burning system, by turning the
rotary tube, such tube and its tubular extension and also the above mentioned
spindle are moved longitudinally, the extremity of the extension being brought
into greater or lesser proximity to the inner wall of the conical tip, for the
regulation of the air pressure, and the oil may be entirely shut off without affecting
the permitted passage of air by properly turning the spindle.
In some cases I employ a burner having certain essential features necessary
therefor in this system, but wherein, however, no provision is made in the burner
for regulating the passage through same of nir.
For a burner on the second floor air is conveyed through a branch of the air
pipe while oil to the said burner is conveyed through a branch which connects
with the oil supply pipe below the burner thereto connected, and to and for a
burner which may be on a third or still higher floor, air primarily supplied by the
air pipe may be conveyed through a branch or continuation of the aforesaid
branch and, to such highest burner, oil may be supplied through the branch
pipe which connects with the above mentioned branch pipe, below the burner
therein.
In practice several burners are usually employed on a floor, horizontal con-
tinuations of the respective oil and air pipes for such floor being provided for, and
connected to, and comprise in their range, said series of burners.
In the operation of said system comprising burners and oil and air pipes
therefor, the tubes of the burners are adjusted so that their open forward ends
will stand somewhere about 1 of an inch, more or less away, from the inner
wall of the nozzle, according to the air pressure exerted at each particular burner
or the intensity of the fire required. The air pressure is also partially regulated
by globe valves in the air pipes for each burner or series thereof on a given level.
In controlling the oil and air to produce a moderate fire, the air supply is
preferably regulated by the globe valve reducing such supply to a comparatively
low pressure. The oil in the tank being forced upwardly by the air pressure
therein to the burners of course issues at the nozzles thereof, as permitted by the
adjustment of the valve spindle and of course for the moderate fire a moderate
quantity of oil is permitted to commingle with the proportionately corresponding
quantity of air.
It is to be understood that the air pressure maintained by the compressor is to
be such as to force the oil from its tank somewhat higher than the highest burner
in the system, and the burners may be variously regulated as to the character of
the work they are desired to perform, by properly manipulating their operating
valves.
Some of the advantages and capabilities of this system may be mentioned or
rehearsed as follows:
The oil supply is wholly beneath the ground, and it can be in all cases outside
the walls of the building.
The system which comprises burners substantially as described may have such
burners at furnaces on different floors of the building; and said burners which are
supplied with oil and air from one common oil supply and one common air source,
have capabilities for such regulation of the issue of oil and air in conjunction, that
either similar or widely different volumes and intensities of fire may be afforded
at the various burners. Whenever the air pressure stops the oil will flow back to
the oil tank without requiring the intervention of any attendant.
But one pump
is required in this system, the same performing the double duty of supplying air
under a sufficient pressure to all the burners, and of lifting or forcing the oil for
its discharge from such burners.
The burner is so coupled to its oil and air supply pipes when the latter are
vertical, that the burners may be moved in a horizontal plane to direct the fire to
the right or left in the furnace, and when the oil and air supply pipes reach the
burner horizontally, the burner being a quarter turned on its longitudinal axis so
that it oil and air P
hotel Hine, the mor may be deflected
4. P

page_text: in a vertical plane to point obliquely to direct the fire upwardly or downwardly
into the furnace.
Dated this 20th day of March 1891.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Liquid Hydrocarbons.
A communication from abroad by THE ALBATED FUEL COMPANY, of the City
of Springfield, in the County of Hampden, Massachusetts, United States of
America.
1, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus or system for burning
hydrocarbon as fuel which is simple, easily controlled, safe, and otherwise
efficient, as hereinafter explained, and the invention consists in the construction,
combination and arrangement of parts, all substantially as will hereinafter more
fully appear.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is an illustration in elevation of the present improved hydrocarbon burning
system.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of one of the furnaces and a burner adjustably located therent
for varied deflection in a horizontal plane.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate the equipment of a burner in relation to a furnace for
varied deflections in a vertical plane.
Figs. 5 and 7 are vertical, longitudinal, sectional views through burners which are
adapted for advantageous use in this system,
Fig. 6 being a cross section of one of the burners taken on the line 6-6.
In the drawings A represents the oil supply tank which is located at some low
place and usually underground, and it may be outside the building; the height of
the oil in said tank is variable, no particular height being necessary. B represents
an air pump or compressor, and the pipe e, leads therefrom and by the branch or
extension e, enters the air space in the tank A, above the oil therein.
,represent burners for securing the combustion of the oil each having two
passages through it, one for oil, and a larger one for air.
One of the burners is shown as located at a forge furnace D on the ground floor,
while the other burner is similarly shown as located in working proximity to a forge
furnace D on the floor above.
d represents a pipe leading from the interior of the tank A. below the level of the
oil therein to the oil opening of the lower burner .. A branche of the air pipe
which leads from the air compressor connects with the air opening of the said lower
burner r.
In Figures 5, 6 and 7, illustrations of burners which may be advantageously used
in this hydrocarbon burning system are given, and the one shown in Figures 5
and 6 will be now described. The burner comprises a coupling body M, having at
one portion an air inlet opening screw-threaded to receive the connection therewith
of the air pipe, as the one e', and at another portion an oil inlet opening b, also
screw threaded for the connection of the oil pipe as the one d. The downwardly
and forwardly directed air passage is forwardly extended in the air pipe G, having
the contracted nozzle, which may be formed by the conical tip or shell N, having a
small aperture s in its apex.
The oil inlet of the burner enters the chamber in the coupling body which
by the wall or partition is separated from the air passage. There is, however,

page_text: an opening i, through the wall h, axially coincident with the forwardly extended
pipe and in the rear-hubbed wall of said coupling body behind and opposite said
opening there is an opening leading into said chamber. The tube Chas, by an
intermediate portion, a screw engagement with the threaded opening in said rear
hubbed wall as at 1, its forward portion extending through the opening i and its
rearwardly extended portion having the handwheel m for conveniently effecting its
rotation. The tube which is open from end to end forms a forward axial
extension of the tube C, and terminates in proximity to the tapering internal wall
of the tip N.
The portion of the tube C which lies across the chamber g is perforated as at n,
whereby the oil may pass from said chamber into the forward portion of said tube C.
Just in advance of said perforations n is a tubular bushing y, fitted with a screw
engagement in said tube C, to form a seat for the valve 1, constituted by the end of
the spindle E. The said spindle has the screw threads 12 to engage with the screw
threads 14 in the bore of tube C, and on turning, through its handle knob, the
spindle, the latter may be adjusted longitudinally to leave more or less open, or to
entirely close, the valve seat opening.
When the burner is comprised in a hydrocarbon burning system, by turning the
tube C, such tube and its tubular extension F and also the spindle E are moved
longitudinally, the extremity of the extension being brought into greater or less
proximity to the inner wall of the tip for the regulation of the air pressure, and the
oil may be entirely shut off without affecting the permitted passage of air by
properly turning the spindle.
In Figure 7 a burner having certain essential features as necessary therefor in
this system, is shown, wherein, however no provision is made in the burner for
regulating the passage through same of air.
For the burner on the second floor, air is conveyed through branch e, of the
main air pipe e, while oil to the said burner is conveyed through the branch
which connects with the said oil pipe d below the burner thereto connected, and to
and for a burner which may be on a third or still higher floor, air primarily supplied
by the pipe e may be conveyed through a branch or continuation of pipe e, and to
such highest burner oil may be supplied through the branch pipe d, which connects
with the pipe d", below the burner therein.
While but a single burner is shown as provided and supplied with oil and air by
the pipes and land but a single one is also provided and supplied by the oil and
air pipes and e, in practice several burners are usually employed on a
floor, horizontal continuations of the respective oil and air pipes for such floor
being provided for, and connected to, and comprise in their range, said series of
burners.
such as shown in
burners are adjusted
of an inch, more or
air pressure exerted
The air pressure is
In the operation of the said system comprising burners
Figure 5, and oil and air pipes therefor, the tubes F of the
so that their open forward ends will stand somewhere about
less, away from the inner wall of the nozzle, according to the
at each particular burner or the intensity of the fire required.
also partially regulated by the globe valves shown in the air pipes for each burner
or series thereof on a given level.
In controlling the oil and air to produce a moderate fire the air supply is
preferably regulated by the globe valve reducing such supply to a comparatively
low pressure. The oil in the tank being forced upwardly by the air pressure
therein to the burners of course issues at the nozzles thereof as permitted by the
adjustment of the valve spindle E, and of course for the moderate fire a moderate
quantity of oil is permitted to commingle with the proportionately corresponding
quantity of air. It is to be understood that the air pressure maintained by the
compressor B is to be such as to force the oil from its tank somewhat higher than
the highest burner in the system and the burners may be variously regulated as to
the character of the work they are desired to perform by properly manipulating
their operating valves.

page_text: Some of the advantages and capabilities of this system may be mentioned as
follows:
The oil supply is wholly beneath the ground, and it can be in all cases outside
the walls of the building.
The system which comprises burners, substantially as described, may have such
burners at furnaces on different floors of the building, and said burner which are
supplied with oil and air from one common oil, and one common air source, have
capabilities for such regulation of the issue of oil and air in conjunction, that either
similar or widely different volumes and intensities of fire may be afforded at the
various burners. Whenever the air pressure stops the oil will flow back to the
tah A, without repairing the intervention of any attendant. Bat one pump is
required in this system, the same performing the double duty of supplying air
under a sufficient pressure to all the burners and of lifting or forcing the oil for its
discharge from such burners.
The burner is so coupled to its oil and air supply pipes when the latter are
vertical that the burners may be moved in a horizontal plane to direct the fire to
the right or left in the furnace, and when the oil and air supply pipes reach the
burner horizontally the burner being a quarter turned on its longitudinal axis so
that its oil and air passages are in a horizontal line as indicated in the elevation
views Figures 3 and 4, the burner may be deflected in a vertical plane to point
obliquely to direct the fire upwardly or downwardly into the furnace.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In an apparatus for burning hydrocarbon, in combination, a hydrocarbon
burner having oil and air passages therethrough, a closed tank to be partially filled
with oil, an air pump or compressor and a pipe leading therefrom to the space
above the oil in said tank, a pipe leading from said oil tank below the top of the
oil therein upwardly to said burner, and a pipe for supplying air primarily
derived from said air pump to the air passage of said burner, for the purpose
set forth.
2. In a system or apparatus for burning hydrocarbon, in combination, hydro-
carbon burners located at different heights having oil and air passages therethrough
and provided with means for regulating the freedom of the flow of oil and air
through said passages, a closed tank to be partially filled with oil located below
the lowermost of said burners constituting the common oil supply, an air pump or
compressor and a pipe leading therefrom to the air space above the oil in said tank,
a pipe leading from said oil tank below the top of the oil therein upwardly and
connected to the oil passage of the burner next above the tank, and a branch lending
from said oil pipe below the said burner to the oil passage of a burner above and
a pipe taking its air supply from said compressor and having connections with the
air openings of said burners for the purpose set forth.
3. In a hydrocarbon burner, a coupling body having therein an air passage
terminating in a pipe extension open at its forward end, and a chamber separated
from said passage for receiving oil therein and having an opening therethrough
which is extended in the forwardly continued tube F, which terminates in proximity
to the nozzle of said pipe extension, an axial spindle movably supported in the rear
of said coupling body and adapted to open and close the ingress opening to said
tube F, for the purpose set forth.
4. In a hydrocarbon burner, a coupling body having therein an air passage
terminating in a pipe extension formed with an opening in its forward end and a
chamber separated from said air passage for receiving oil therein and having an
opening therethrough, a tube movable through said opening and forwardly
continued in a tubular extension movable therewith and having its forward end
open and in proximity to the nozzle of said pipe, said tube being provided with one
or more perforations through the portion thereof which is within said chamber and

page_text: having internally thereof and in advance of said valve perforations a valve seat an
axial spindle supported in said tube at the rear of said valve seat and capable of
an independent longitudinal movement in said tube whereby its forward end may
open and close the valve seat, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Dated this 24th day of June 1891.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.