Improvements in the Production of Chemical Compounds from a certain Oil or Oils or the Fatty Acids of same, and the Employment of such Compounds in the Manufacture of Drying Oils, Varnishes, Enamels, Lacquers, Antifouling Compositions, and the like..
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 7th July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 7th July, 1898
Improvements in the Production of Chemical Compounds from a
certain Oil or Oils or the Fatty Acids of same, and the Employment
of such Compounds in the Manufacture of Drying Oils, Varnishes,
Enamels, Lacquers, Antifouling Compositions, and the like..
We, SIGMUND GEORGJEVITCH ROSENBLUM, of 28, Victoria Street, Westminster,.
London, Consulting Chemist, and SAMUEL RIDEAL, of the same place, Consulting
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
more
This invention has reference primarily to the production of new chemical com-
pounds from the oil known as Chinese or Japanese wood oil, and
particularly of metallic salts of tlie acids contained in such oil. The invention
also includes the employment or treatment of such new products or compounds
for the manufacture of driers," siccatives, varnishes, enamels, lacquers, cements,
antifouling compositions and the like.
or
or
The oil in question may be derived from the seeds of the fruit of a tree known
"Eloeococca cordata
under the botanical name of "Elocococca vernicia "
"Aleurites cordata" and belonging to the family of "Euphorbiacae.'
this tree is known as "tong yeou and in Japan as abura giri" or
The oil is called in Japanese "doucoua."
16
In China
yana kiri."
By cold or warm pressing of the seeds of the above described tree, or by extrac-
tion of the crushed seed by means of ether, carbon bisulphide or other solvents,
an oil is obtained which, according to the particular process adopted, will have a
color varying between pale yellow to dark brown. In its chemical constitution
this oil is mainly composed of the glyceride of eloeomargaric acid and, according
to the conditions in which it has been kept, of the glycerides of the isomers of
such acid, namely those of eloeostearic and eloeolic acid.
According to our invention, this oil is acted upon with alkalies, such for
example as the hydrates of potassium, sodium and ammonia; the oil is thereby
saponified that is to say there are formed alkaline salts of the acids contained in
the oil, which salts are all soluble in water.
Or we may effect saponification by first treating the oil with superheated steam,
glycerine and the free acids of the oil being obtained. These acids may be
separated from the glycerine in any convenient way and then combined with
metallic hydrates or other basic compounds to form salts.
Although we have stated the source from which eloeomargaric acid and its
isomers can be obtained, yet our invention is applicable to the treatment of the
said substances whether obtained, from this source or from any other source, or
synthetically.
-
We have discovered that from the salts above described other metallic salts of
the acids contained in the oil can be obtained by the chemical process known as
double decomposition, and we have also found that such other salts have properties
which render them useful for a variety of purposes.
Thus for example the manganese salts can be obtained by acting upon an aqueous
solution of the alkaline salts with any soluble neutral salt of manganese, where-

page_text: upon the manganese salts are precipitated and freed from impurities by filtration,
washing and drying, or the reaction may be effected in any other convenient way.
It is advisable in effecting reactions such as that last described to adhere to
molecular proportions.
Mixed metallic salts of the acids of the oil may be obtained by using two or
more metallic salts simultaneously.
According to another way of obtaining metallic or other salts of the acids con-
tained in the oil, we dissolve the free acids, obtained in any convenient way, in
ether, coal tar naphtha or other solvent and add thereto the hydrate of the metal
or the like, previously dried at a low temperature.
In some cases it is desirable that the reactions herein before described should
take place at a slightly raised temperature, as this facilitates the chemical
change.
Other elements not strictly classed under the metals may be used. For example
arsenic or antimony may according to our invention be combined with the fatty acids
or their salts to form compounds which are particularly adapted for employment in
the manner hereinafter set forth.
We have also discovered that the various chemical compounds formed as above
described are adapted for use for a variety of purposes, such for instance as driers,
siccatives, ingredients in varnishes, enamels, lacquers, cements used in the manu-
facture of linoleum, antifouling compositions and the like.
As an example, the manganese or lead salts, or a mixture thereof, dissolve readily
in oils such as linseed oil, and in such a state they will, if mixed with a drying
oil or with mixtures of drying oils, impart very strong drying properties thereto.
If at the same time the drying oils be oxidized by any convenient means,
their viscosity increases very considerably, and the oil is bleached, owing to the
presence of these salts acting as driers or oxygen-carriers.
The manganese and lead salts of the acids of the oil above mentioned are parti-
cularly adapted for the treatment of drying oils on account of the readiness with
which they dissolve in such oils, and we therefore prefer to use them for this
purpose in preference to other salts of the above metals.
We have also found that many of the salts produced according to this invention
can be dissolved in turpentine or other volatile solvents, and such solutions if
spread in a thin film upon a suitable surface leave thereon after the evaporation
of the solvent, a hard brilliant coating. We may employ these solutions alone or
in combination with a drying oil or gum or resin as a superior varnish or
enamel.
In some cases it is also convenient to mix a suitable aniline or other dye with
the solution of the alkaline salts before the transformation of same into the
metallic salts, as by so doing the coloring matter is on precipitation incorporated
with the newly formed metallic compound, and if such compound be afterwards
dissolved in a suitable solvent such as methyl alcohol, naphtha or turpentine, a
colored varnish is obtained. These volatile varnishes are particularly suitable
for varnishing or lacquering metals.
We have also found that the aluminium salts for example, when dissolved in a
volatile solvent, can be used for coating wood, paper; cardboard or other
inflammable material to render it fire and waterproof.
We may also employ the mercury or other poisonous salts of the acids before
described, as the active ingredient in paints, varnishes or other compositions used
for the prevention of fouling of ships' bottoms and other structures.
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.

page_text: Improvements in the Production of Chemical Compounds from a
certain Oil or Oils or the Fatty Acids of same, and the Employment
of such Compounds in the Manufacture of Drying Oils, Varnishes,
Enamels, Lacquers, Antifouling Compositions, and the like.
We, SIGMUND GEORGJEVITCH ROSENBLUM, Consulting Chemist, of Imperial
Chambers, Cursitor Street, in the County of Middlesex, formerly of 28, Victoria
Street, in the County of Middlesex, and SAMUEL RIDEAL, Consulting Chemist, of
28, Victoria Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention has reference primarily to the production of new chemical com-
pounds from the oil known as Chinese or Japanese wood oil, or tung oil, and more
particularly of metallic salts of the acids contained in such oil. The invention
also includes the employment or treatment of such new products or compounds
for the manufacture of driers," siccatives, varnishes, enamels, lacquers, cements,
antifouling compositions and the like.
67
The oil in question may be derived from the seeds of the fruit of a tree known
under the botanical name of "Elcococca vernicia " «
or Elcococca cordata" or
Aleurites cordata," and belonging to the family of "Euphorbiacea.". In China
this tree is known as tong yeou" and in Japan as
abura giri" or
The oil is called in Japanese "doucoua."
vana kiri."
By cold or warm pressing of the seeds of the above described tree, or by extrac-
tion of the crushed seed by means of ether, carbon bisulphide or other solvents,
an oil is obtained which, according to the particular process adopted, will have a
colour varying between pale yellow to dark brown. In its chemical constitution
this oil is mainly composed of the glyceride of eleomargaric acid and, according
to the conditions in which it has been kept, of the glycerides of the isomers of
such acid, namely those of eloeostearic and elocolic acid.
According to our invention, this oil is acted upon with alkalies, such for
example as the hydrates of potassium, sodium and ammonia; the oil is thereby
saponified, that is to say there are formed alkaline salts of the acids contained in
the oil, which salts are all soluble in water.
Or we may effect saponification by first treating the oil with superheated steam,
glycerine and the free acids of the oil being obtained. These acids may be
separated from the glycerine in any convenient way and then combined with
metallic hydrates or other basic compounds to form salts.
Although we have stated the source from which elceomargaric acid and its
isomers can be obtained, yet our invention is applicable to the treatment of the
said substances whether obtained from this source or from any other source, or
synthetically.
We have discovered that from the salts above described other metallic salts of
the acids contained in-the oil can be obtained by the chemical process known as
double decomposition, and we have also found that such other salts have properties
which render them useful for a variety of purposes.
Thus for example the manganese salts can be obtained by acting upon an aqueous
solution of the alkaline salts with any soluble neutral salt of manganese, where-
upon the manganese salts are precipitated and freed from impurities by filtration,
washing and drying, or the reaction may be effected in any other convenient way.
It is advisable in effecting reactions such as that last described to adhere to
molecular proportions.

page_text: Mixed metallic salts of the acids of the oil may be obtained by using two or
more metallic salts simultaneously.
According to another way of obtaining metallic or other salts of the acids con-
tained in the oil, we dissolve the free acids, obtained in any convenient way, in
ether, coal tar naphtha, or other solvent, and add thereto the hydrate of the metal
or the like, previously dried at a low temperature.
In some cases it is desirable that the reactions herein before described should
take place at a slightly raised temperature, as this facilitates the chemical
change..
Other elements not strictly classed under the metals may be used. For example
arsenic or antimony may according to our invention be combined with the fatty acids
or their salts to form compounds which are particularly adapted for employment in
the manner hereinafter set forth.
We have also discovered that the various chemical compounds formed as above
described are adapted for use for a variety of purposes, such for instance as driers,
siccatives and ingredients in varnishes; enamels, lacquers, cements used in the manu-
facture of linoleum, antifouling compositions and the like.
The manganese and lead salts are, however, the most important of the above
described metallic salts on account of their siccative properties which. render them
pre-eminently suited for the application as
66 driers" in the manufacture of siccative
oils.
As an example, the manganese or lead salts, or a mixture thereof, dissolve readily
in oils such as linseed oil, and in such a state they will, if mixed with a drying
oil or with mixtures of drying oils, impart very strong drying properties thereto.
If at the same time the drying oils be oxidised by any convenient means
such as mere heating to an elevated temperature, treatment with air, oxygen,
ozone, or other suitable oxidising agents, their viscosity increases very considerably,
and a superior drying oil is produced.
As driers the manganese and lead salts or their mixtures are by far superior to
any driers" at present in use and we have found that where for instance 25%
of the resinates or the linoleates of the same metals would have to be used in
order to produce a quick-drying oil, 07% of the tung-oil "driers" (which for
convenience we call " tungates") will be quite sufficient to obtain the same if
not better results. But the value of the manganese or lead "tungates" or their
mixtures as driers" in the manufacture of drying oils is especially evident when
the oil, containing these driers in solution is subjected to oxidation by means of
ozone. The ozone (in the form of ozonized air or oxygen) can be introduced into
the oil by any convenient means, but we have found that the best results as
regards drying-power, viscosity and colour, and also as regards economy in time
and expense, are obtained when the oil containing the "tungate-driers" in solution
is "atomised" in a jet of ozone at a temperature of about 130° F.
We have also found that many of the salts produced according to this invention
can be dissolved in turpentine or other volatile solvents, and such solutions if
spread in a thin film, upon a suitable surface leave thereon after the evaporation
of the solvent, a hard brilliant coating. We may employ these solutions alone or
in combination with a drying oil or gum or resin as a superior varnish or
enamel.
In some cases it is also convenient to mix a suitable aniline or other dye with
the solution of the alkaline salts before the transformation of same into the
metallic salts, as by so doing the colouring matter is on precipitation incorporated
with the newly formed metallic compound, and if such compound be afterwards
dissolved in a suitable solvent such as methyl alcohol, naphtha, or turpentine, a
coloured varnish is obtained. These volatile varnishes are particularly suitable
for varnishing or lacquering metals.
We have also found that the aluminium salts for example, when dissolved in a
volatile solvent, can be used for coating wood, paper, cardboard or other
inflammable material to render it fire and waterproof.

page_text: We may also employ the mercury or other poisonous salts of the acids before
described, as the active ingredients in paints, varnishes or other compositions used
for the prevention of fouling of ships' bottoms and other structures.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the uses discovered by us of
tung oil we would have it understood that we do not in these Letters Patent
claim the whole of the said invention parts of which form the subject matter of
Letters Patent of later date applied for by us but we claim herein only the use of the
salts of tung oil with ozone that is to say we claim :.
-
The manufacture of siccative oils consisting in dissolving the manganese or
lead salts of tung oil or mixtures thereof in oil such as linseed oil and atomising
the solution in a jet of ozone substantially as described.
Dated this and dose of inmil 1800
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.