Automatic Electrical Apparatus for Indicating and Removing Leakage in Ships..
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 3rd. Feb., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Automatic Electrical Apparatus for Indicating and Removing
Leakage in Ships..
We, WLADIMIR WASSILI ZWORIKIN and SERGE SERGIUS DE BLUMENTHAL, both
of Theater Platz, Hans Gortschakoff, Moscow, in the Empire of Russia,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:→
This invention relates to an automatic apparatus which when water gains
access to it indicates the fact by breaking an electric circuit, so that signals are
actuated, as we will describe with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In any electrical conductor, in which the current from any suitable source of
electrical energy is constantly running and which for brevity's sake we shall
hereinafter designate the primary conductor, we arrange one or more contact
breakers which break the circuit as soon as water gets into the apparatus, and
one or more automatic commutators. When the circuit of the primary conductor
is broken, these commutators complete automatically other cucuits called herein-
after secondary circuits, which are connected with the aforesaid or any other
source of electrical energy and electrical signalling apparatus such as gongs, or
other audible or visible signalling appliances. This secondary circuit may also
be connected with electro-motors actuating pumps or other suitable devices for
pumping the water out of the hold of the ship."
As soon as the water penetrates into that part of the ship where the contact
breaker is located, the latter breaks the primary circuit thus causing the aforesaid
automatic commutators to complete the secondary circuits which actuate the
signalling, and also, if required, the pumps.
The primary conductors are run to all those parts of the ship which it is
required to keep under control and more especially to distinguish by a special
signal.
If it is only wished to indicate the existence of a leak without determining its
location, a primary conductor running through the contact breakers of all the
parts of the ship will suffice.
The number of secondary circuits and that of the switches depends upon the
number and location of the signalling apparatus and also of that of the motors
connected with the pumps.
By introducing a controlling circuit any damage occurring to the primary con-
ductors that results in an interruption of the current is recorded by the signalling
apparatus.
The existence or absence of energy in any source of energy belonging to the
system is recorded by means of a special circuit connected with the said source.
The disappearance of the energy causes the immediate and automatic switching
in of the secondary circuits and signalling apparatus connected therewith and fed
from any other source.
In the accompanying drawing. Fig. 1 is a diagram shewing the system with
two sources of electrical energy E and E¹ one primary conductor I, a contact
breaker P, two switches K K' and an apparatus indicating the presence or absence

page_text: of energy by means of the controlling conductor III and source of energy El.
To the switches K K¹ are connected a number of signalling apparatus N and S
and an electro-motor- M. and the corresponding number of secondary conductors.
For the sake of clearness, the conductors starting from one source of electricity
are shewn in full lines and those from the other in dotted lines. The conductors
through which a current 18 constantly flowing are drawn dark and the others
light.
Fig. 2 18 a plan of one of the automatic switches K K' and Fig. 3 is a vertical
section (of the automatic contact-breaker P.
·
The switch is located in a conductor through which a current is flowing and is
so constructed that the armature f which is in contact with the core of the electro-
magnet n remains so, 'as long as the current flows, but as soon as the latter is
broken, it takes under the action of spring h another position whereby the part
of the armature f closes a contact y in another' circuit.
The contact breaker (shewn in Fig. 3) is constructed as follows:-
To the arms of any kind of lever RO R¹ centred at O are fixed weights M
and having different volumes. The length of the arms O R and O R¹ and
the masses M and M are so chosen that the sum of the moments of all the
masses about the point is equal to zero. In Fig. 3 of the drawing the lever
shewn has equal arms and the masses have the same weight but different volumes.
The purpose of this arrangement is to utilise the oscillations of the levers whilst
the ship is rolling. This lever arrangement is kept in the position in which
contact is made with z. by means of spring t and in this position closes the circuit
When the water begins to flow into the apparatus the inequality of the volumes
of the masses M and M disturbs the equilibrium and when the disturbing force
exceeds that of spring,t, the system R 0 R¹ assumes another position in which the
lever arm O R¹ leaves contact z and the circuit is broken.
The apparatus may be protected by a covenng D which permits of water getting
access to it. N is put up directly or with interposition of elastic material in that
part of the ship which it is desired to control.
TIL
Our system fulfils the following purpose:
1) It gives immediate indication in the corresponding part of the ship of any
leak occurring therein and of its location. This indication may if required cause
the working of pumps.
2) Perfectly automatic control, for each interruption in the primary conductors
and the disappearance of energy from any of the sources wherefrom it is drawn
are at once shewn, and the cause and location signalled.
1 L
حيم
1
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1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
Automatic Electrical Apparatus for Indicating and Removing
Leakage in Ships.
We, WLADIMIR WASSILI ZWORIKIN and SERGE SERGIUS DE BLUMENTHAL, both
of Theater Platz, Hans Gortschakoff, Moscow, in the Empire of Russia,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an automatic apparatus which when water gains access
to it indicates the fact by breaking an electric circuit, so that signals, are actuated,

page_text: as we will describe with reference to the drawings accompanying our Provisional
Specification and the drawing, filed herewith.
a
In any electrical conductor branching from the terminals of a current main
fixed to a switch-board in which conductor the current from any suitable source
of electrical energy is constantly flowing and which for brevity's sake we shall
hereinafter designate the primary conductor, we arrange one or more contact
breakers which break the circuit as soon as water gets into the apparatus, and one
or more automatic switches. When the circuit of the primary conductor is broken
these switches complete automatically other circuits branching from the same
terminals as, but quite independently of, the primary conductor and called herein-
after secondary circuits, which are mounted entirely on the switchboard and
include electrical signalling apparatus such as gongs or other audible or visible
signalling appliances. Separate secondary circuits may also be connected with
electro-motors actuating pumps or other suitable devices for pumping the water
out of the hold of the ship.
As soon as the water penetrates into that part of the ship where the contact
breaker is located, the latter breaks the primary circuit thus causing the aforesaid
automatic switches to complete the secondary circuits which actuate the signalling
apparatus, and also, if required, the pumps.
The primary conductors are run to all those parts of the ship which it is
required to keep under control and more especially to distinguish by a special
signal.
If it is only wished to indicate the existence of a leak without determining its
location, a primary conductor running through the contact breakers of all the
parts of the ship will suffice.
The number of secondary circuits and that of the switches depends upon the
number and location of the signalling apparatus and also of that of the motors
connected with the pumps.
This system is controlled as follows: -
Any damage occurring to the primary conductors that results in an interruption
of the current is recorded by the signalling apparatus.
The existence or absence of energy in any source of energy belonging to the
avstem 19 recorded by means of a special circuit connected with the said source.
The disappearance of the energy causes, the immediate and automatic switching
in of ine secondary circuits and signalling apparatus connected therewith and fed
from any other source.
The drawing filed herewith is substituted for Fig. 1 of the drawings accom-
panying our Provisional Specification and is a diagram shewing the system with
two sources of electrical energy E and E2 connected respectively with the
terminals o, o and o¹ o¹ on the switch board b, one primary conductor I, a contact
breaker P, two switches K K' and an apparatus indicating the presence or absence
of energy by means of the controlling conductor III and source of energy E2.
To the switches K K' are connected a number of signalling apparatus N N'
and S S¹ and the corresponding number of secondary conductors. In the drawings
accompanying our Provisional Specification, Fig. 2 is a plan of one of the auto-
matic switches K K¹ and Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the automatic contact
breaker P.
The switch is located in a conductor through which a current is flowing and is
so constructed that the armature f which is in contact with the core of the electro
magnet n remains so, as long as the current flows, but as soon as the latter is
broken, it takes under the action of spring another position whereby the part z
of the armature f closes a contact y in another circuit.
The contact breaker (shewn in Fig. 3) is constructed as follows:-
To the arms of any kind of lever RO R¹ centred at O are fixed weights M
and M having different volumes. The length of the arms OR and O R¹ and
the masses M and M' are so chosen that the sum of the moments of all the
masses about the point 0 is equal to zero. In Fig. 3 of the drawings the lever

page_text: shewn has equal arms and the masses have the same weight but different volumes.
The purpose of this arrangement is to utilise the oscillations of the levers whilst
the ship is rolling. This lever arrangement is kept in the position in which
contact is made with z by means of spring t and in this position closes the circuit.
When the water begins to flow into the apparatus the inequality of the volumes
of the masses M and M' disturbs the equilibrium and when the disturbing force
exceeds that of spring t, the system ROR' assumes another position in which the
lever arm OR leaves contact and the circuit is broken.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-
Of the two circuits, branching from terminals o o and II branching from the
terminals o¹ o¹, I is normally closed by the contact breaker P; thus the electro-
magnet of the switch is normally excited and the secondary circuit II is kept
open. When, by the accession of water to the contact breaker P the contact therein
is broken, the magnet of the switch. K no longer attracts its armature and the
circuit II is closed as described in connection with Fig. 2. The bell S and signal N
are thus actuated from the source of energy E³. The primary circuit III is
normally closed as is obvious from Fig 1, so that the armature of the switch K¹
is normally attracted by its magnet and the secondary circuit II from the
terminals o o is normally open. Should the source of energy E fail the bell S¹
and signal N would be actuated from source of energy E. If, on the other hand,
the latter failed the bell S and signal N would be actuated from source of
energy E³.
The apparatus may be protected by a covering 1) which permits of water getting
access to it. The switch board is put up directly or with interposition of elastic
material in that part of the ship which it is desired to control.
Our system fulfils the following purpose;
(1) It gives immediate indication in the corresponding part of the ship of any
leak occurring therein and of its location. This indication may if required cause
the working of pumps
(2) Perfectly automatic control, for each interruption in the primary conductors
and the disappearance of energy from any of the sources wherefrom it is drawn
are at once shewn, and the cause and location signalled.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim 18:
(1) Automatic electrical apparatus for indicating and if necessary removing
leakage in ships, consisting of two pairs of independent circuits, each pair branch-
ing from terminals (o o and o¹ o¹) 'fixed on a switchboard (b) and connected with
the leads from two sources of electric current (E E²) respectively, the one circuit
of each pair being normally a closed circuit (I and III) each of which closed
circuits includes a switch (k, K¹) and one of which closed circuits includes a
contact breaker (P) while the other circuit of each pair is normally an open
circuit (II) mounted on the said switchboard and including alarm signals (N N¹
S S¹) and if necessary connected with the electromotors that work the ship's pumps,
so that when the current in either of the closed circuits (I and III) is interrupted
the corresponding open circuit is closed and the alarm signals and if necessary
the ship's pumps are operated, substantially as described
(2) In automatic electrical apparatus for indicating and if necessary removing
leakage from ships a contact breaker consisting of a lever kept in equilibrium by
two weights of unequal volume so that when water gains access to the said lever
its equilibrium is disturbed and the circuit closing contact which it normally
makes is broken, substantially as described.
Dated this 6th day of November 1899.
ABEL & IMKAY,
Agents for the Applicants.