IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPREADING SAND, SALT, OR OTHER MATERIAL ON STREETS, ROADWAYS, OR TRAMWAYS, AND FOR MANURING LAND."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Glegg Garvie, of the Firm of Benjamin Reid &
Coy, of Bonaccord Works, in the City and County of Aberdeen, North
Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPREADING
SAND, SALT, OR OTHER MATERIAL ON STREETS, ROADWAYS, OR TRAMWAYS,
AND FOR MANURING LAND."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Glegg Garvie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1881.
ROBERT GLEGG GARVIE of the Firm of Benjamin Reid & Coy. of Bonaccord
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Works in the City and County of Aberdeen, North-Britain.
MACHINES FOR SPREADING SAND, SALT, OR OTHER MATERIAL ON STREETS,
ROADWAYS OR TRAMWAYS AND FOR MANURING LAND,"
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construction of
machines or apparatus for spreading or strewing sand, salt, or other similar granular
or loose material upon streets, tramways, or roadways, for roughening the surface,
or melting ice or snow, or for other like purposes, and also to be used for spreading
lime or artificial manure upon land the object of the Invention being to ensure
uniform spreading of the loose material.
In a modification particularly adapted for strewing sand or salt upon roadways,
the improved machine consists of a large hopper preferably rectangular in plan and
attached to the back end of a cart or waggon which may carry the bulk of the
sand. The bottom of the hopper is angled to allow of the sand passing freely
away without "bridging" or forming into arches. A shaft working in bearings in
the ends or sides, passes right through the hopper and is fitted with stirring blades
and pins to force out the material; this shaft being fitted with a chain pulley or
wheel driven by means of a chain from a similar pulley on the nave of the waggon
wheel.

page_text: k
On one or both ends of the stirring shaft is fitted a spur pinion, with clutch
arrangement for disengaging gearing into a spur wheel or wheels on a shaft outside
and near the bottom of the hopper, this latter shaft being fitted with cog wheels at
intervals of its length over which endless chains pass and enter through openings
in the lower sides of the hopper.
These chains draw out the sand or other material from the hopper by the
openings through which they pass, and the chains are cleaned or freed from the
material in passing over the cogs of the wheels. The material drawn out by
the chains is discharged over a screen of the full breadth of the hopper suspended
therefrom, and which is reciprocated by a motion taken either from the chain shaft,
or from the waggon wheel, and by means of this screen the material is evenly
spread or strewed on to the roadway over which the cart passes. The amount of
sand or material allowed to pass from the hopper may be regulated by using change
wheels for driving the shafts, and also by means of a sliding bar passed across the
openings, and which can be lowered to partially close the openings or outlets from
the hopper by means of levers and a handle.
In the improved machine as applied for distributing artificial manure or similar
granular or loose friable matter upon land, a hopper of extra breadth is used, and
is carried on wheels instead of being attached to a waggon. In this case the axle
-of-the-carrying-wheels-may-be-formed-by-the-stirring shaft passing through the
hopper, and the outer shaft carrying the cog wheels and chains may be driven by
gearing from this shaft as before described.
Trams or shafts are fitted to the hopper body in front, to which the horses may
be yoked, and when the hopper is of considerable breath means are provided
whereby the carrying wheels may be removed from the axle formed by the stirring
shaft, to a special axle fitted across the hopper, so that the hopper which is narrow
in the longitudinal direction may pass easily on its carrying wheels through gate-
ways or other narrow openings.
In machines of this kind for distributing material over a considerable breadth of
ground at a time, the sliding bar for closing the outlets from the hopper may be
divided into sections, each worked by a separate handle.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Robert Glegg Garvie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st June 1882.
ROBERT GLEGG GARVIE, of the Firm of Benjamin Reid & Coy., of Bonaccord
Works, in the City and County of Aberdeen, North Britain, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR SPREADING SAND, SALT, OR OTHER MATERIAL ON STREETS
ROADWAYS OR TRAMWAYS, AND FOR MANURING LAND."
My said Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construction
of machines or apparatus for spreading or strewing sand, salt, or other similar
granular, or loose material upon streets, tramways, or roadways, for roughening
the surface, or melting ice or snow, or for other like purposes, and also to be used
for spreading lime or artificial manure upon land; the object of the Invention being.
to insure uniformn spreading of the loose material.
"
"
In a modification particularly adapted for strewing sand or salt upon roadways,
the improved machine consists of a large hopper preferably rectangular in plan and
attached to the back end of a cart or waggon which may carry the bulk of the
sand. The sides of the hopper are angled to allow of the sand passing freely
away without bridging or forming into arches. A shaft working in bearings
in the ends or sides, passes right through the hopper, and is fitted with stirring
blades and pins to force out the material, this shaft being fitted with a chain pulley
or wheel driven by means of a chain from a similar pulley on the nave of the
waggon wheel.
On one or both ends of the stirring shaft is fitted a spur pinion with clutch
arrangement for disengaging gearing into a spur wheel or wheels on a shaft outside.
and near the bottom of the hopper, this latter shaft being fitted with cog wheels at
intervals of its length over which endless chains pass and enter through openings
in the lower side of the hopper. These chains draw out the sand or other material
from the hopper by the openings through which they pass, and the chains are
cleaned or freed from the material in passing over the cogs of the wheels. The
material drawn out by the chains is discharged over a screen of the full breadth of
the hopper suspended therefrom, and which is reciprocated by a notion taken
either from the chain shaft or from the waggon wheel, and by means of this
screen the material is evenly spread or strewed on to the roadway over which the
cart passes.
The amount of sand or material allowed to pass from the hopper may
be regulated by using change wheels for driving the shafts, and also by means of a
sliding bar passed across the openings, and which can be lowered to partially close
the openings or outlets from the hopper by means of levers and a handle.
In the improved machine as applied for distributing artificial manure or similar
granular or loose friable matter upon land, a hopper of extra breadth is used, and
is carried on wheels instead of being attached to a waggon. In this case the axle
of the carrying wheels may be formed by the stirring shaft passing through the
hopper, and the outer shaft carrying the cog wheels and chains may be driven by
gearing from this shaft as before described.
Frames or shafts are fitted to the hopper body in front, to which the horses may
be yoked, and when the hopper is of considerable breadth means are provided
whereby the carrying wheels may be removed along with their axles from the end,
and placed in brackets fitted on each side of the hopper at the centre, so that the
hopper which is narrow in the longitudinal direction may pass easily on its carrying
wheels through gateways or other narrow openings:

page_text: In machines of this kind for distributing material over a considerable breadth of
ground at a time, the sliding bar for closing the outlets from the hopper may be
divided into sections, each worked by a separate handle.
In order that my said Invention and the manner in which the same is carried
into effect, may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 is a
plan of one modification of my improved machine as adapted for spreading lime,
artificial manure or similar granular substances on to land. Figure 3 is an end
elevation of the hopper carrying the granular material showing the carrying
wheels fitted on the axle provided at the sides of the long hopper, and which are
designed for use when transporting the machine by road. Figure 4 is a transverse
vertical section through the hopper of the machine; and Figures 5 and 6 are
detached views showing the chain by means of which the granular material is
carried out of the hopper. Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a cart to which
the improved machine is according to another modification attached. In the
improved machine shown in Figures 1 to 4, a hopper A of considerable breadth is
used, and is carried when in operation by wheels B fitted on axles C at each end
of the hopper. Connected to the nave of one of the wheels B, is a pinion D, free to
revolve on the axle C, and this wheel gears into a spur wheel D' on a shaft E
extending from end to end of the_hopper_A, and supported-by-bearings-on-the-
hopper ends and by intermediate supporting brackets E'.
On this rotating shaft E are fitted or formed a number of stirring blades e, which
by their motion preven the manure or granular material from choking the outlet
openings. At the opposite end of the shaft E is fitted a spur wheel E2, which
through intermediate pinions E³ E' drives a spur wheel E³ on a shaft F carried in
bearing brackets f outside the hopper A. On this shaft F are fixed a series of
toothed or cog wheels F¹ F' placed at regular intervals along its length and over
these wheels F are fitted endless chains F' also passing over a round bar F³ and
the rounded edge of the bottom and through the hopper A, in which openings are
formed at the front and rear for the passage of the chains. The granular material
is carried out by means of these chains F through the openings f¹ in the rear of
the hopper A when the endless bands are caused to travel by means of the driving
gear in the direction shown by the arrow.
The form of chain by preference used is indicated in Figures 5 and 6, the teeth
of the wheel F entering between the links of the chains to drive them and at the
same time free them from any material that may adhere.
The intermediate gearing wheels E³ E are carried on a movable bracket E
which may be raised or lowered, and larger or smaller wheels fitted on it to vary
the speed of delivering the material. The amount of material allowed to pass out
of the hopper is also to some extent regulated by means of sliding bars G extending
horizontally along the rear side of the hopper and partly covering the outlet
openings. These bars G are hung by jointed links g carried by levers g' centred
on the hopper A, and operated by oscillating hand levers g², connected to thein by
links g. The oscillating hand levers g² move in guiding segments 9' and are fixed
by a screw nut or equivalent after adjustment of the bars Ğ over the openings f¹.
The bottom A' of the hopper is hinged and may be opened down as indicated by
the dotted lines in Figure 4. A bracket H is fitted to the front of the hopper to
which horse trams or shafts are attached when the machine is in operation; but
when the machine is being transported merely from place to place the wheel D' is
thrown out of gear by means of a clutch on the shaft E, and the wheels B removed
along with the axles C and placed in the bracket H attached to the front and rear
sides of the hopper A, and the machine is run with the hopper placed longitudinally
as shown in Figure 3. The machine may in this way be transported along narrow
roadways, and passed through gates or narrow openings.
In the machine shown in Figure 7 as applied to an ordinary cart, the hopper
is made of about the breadth of the cart, and is connected to it by bracket pieces I.
The working parts of the machine are in every respect similar to that described in

page_text: reference to Figures 1 to 6, excepting that as there are no carrying wheels on the
hopper the gearing is operated by means of an endless chain J passing over a
toothed wheel on the nave of one of the cart wheels, and over a toothed wheel on
the shaft E carrying the stirring blades c. The hopper being narrow in this case,
a single regulating bar (G) and operating levers are used. A screen K is suspended
from the hopper A or brackets fixed thereto, over which the granular material is
discharged from the hopper, the object of this screen being to better distribute the
material; and as a further means of evenly distributing the material, a reciprocating
or shaking motion may be imparted to the screen by levers or otherwise operated
from any of the moving parts of the machine.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hercinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The arranging and combining of the parts of machines for strewing,
spreading, or distributing sand, salt, artificial manure or similar granular or
pulverulent material substantially in the manner herein described and delineated.
Second. In a machine for spreading or distributing granular or pulverulent
material, the combination of a containing hopper and delivering chains operated by
gearing from the carrying wheels, the construction and application of regulating
bars (G) and the arrangement of a reciprocating and distributing screen below the
delivering chains substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Glegg Garvie, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
ROBT. G. GARVIE. (L.S.)