IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES USED FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Aitken and Servetus Aitken, Manufacturers,
and John. Haslam, Manager, all of Bacup, in the County of Lancaster,
for the .Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES USED FOR PREPARING,
SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 7th September 1855, and dated the 8th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Aitken, Servetus
Aitken, and John Haslam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th March 1855.
We, JOHN AITKEN and SERVETUS AITKEN, Manufacturers, and JOHN HASLAM,
Manager, all of Bacup, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES USED
PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to machines for twisting slivers or
threads, and winding them up in the cop or bobbin form, and its object is to
obtain a greater production from such machines by arrangements which will
give a more perfect stability to their spindles, so that they may be driven at
greater speeds than has hitherto been practicable with the arrangements
generally employed in such machines. It consists in arranging and fixing the

page_text: spindles of the said machines in three bearings, in place of two, commonly
employed, one of which bearings may be fixed in the "copping rail," or an
independent copping rail may be employed in combination with the three
bearings.
The second part of our Invention has the same object as the first part,
namely, increase of production, and applies to the same class of machines,
but more particularly to such machines as wind the twisted sliver or thread in
the bobbin form, and in which one bearing of the spindles is placed in and
traverses with the copping rail. In such machines the length of the spindle
above its bearing is as much as the length of the traverse greater when the
copping rail is at its lowest than at its highest point, so that the vibration of
the spindle when the machine is working is much greater at the lowest than
in the highest position.
And our Invention consists in driving the machines so that the spindles will
revolve at slower speed when the copping rail is at its lowest position than
when the copping rail is at its highest position, the slowest speed of the
machine being what they are now generally driven at, being the greatest
speed the spindles will bear when the copping rail is at its lowest position, and
the highest speed of the machine being that which the spindles will bear when
the copping rail is in its highest position, the speed of the machine increasing
with the rise and decreasing with the fall of the copping rail. The mechanism
which may be employed to effect the purpose above mentioned may be cone
drums or friction expanding pulleys, or their equivalent arrangements, in
connection with the movements of the copping rails.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Aitken, Servetus Aitken, and John Haslam in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
AITKEN and SERVETUS AITKEN, Manufacturers, and JOHN HASLAM, Manager,
all of Bacup, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Aitken, Servetus Aitken, and John Haslam, Her especial license that

page_text: we, the said John Aitken, Servetus Aitken, and John Haslam, our executors,
administrators; and assigns; or such others as we, the said John Aitken,
Servetus Aitken, and John Haslam, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend; within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINES USED FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING
COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Aitken, Servetus Aitken, and John
Haslam, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, "that we, the said John Aitken, Servetus Aitken, and
John Haslam, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawing
(that is to say)
T
We
Our Invention relates to machines for twisting slivers or threads, and
winding them-up in the cop or bobbin form, and its object is to diminish the
wear and tear of such machines, and to obtain a greater production from
them by arrangements which will give a more perfect stability to their spindles,
so that they may be driven at greater speeds than has hitherto been practi-
cable with the arrangements generally employed in such machines.
accomplish the object of this part of our Invention by arranging and fixing
the spindles of the said machines in three independent bearings in place of two
commonly employed, one of which bearings may be fixed in the copping rail
(in those machines requiring one), or an independent copping fail may be
employed in combination with the three bearings. For the better explanation
of this we refer to the Drawing annexed hereto.
Fig. 1 shews (scale half size) our improved arrangement of the spindles of
machines for preparing fibrous materials for spinning of the character of those
known as slubbing or roving frames. a, the spindle; b, footstep bearing; c,
copping rail bearing; } wheels driving spindle; } wheels driving bobbin;
f, bobbin; g, flyer. The above enumerated parts are according to the ordinary
arrangement. Our improvement consists in applying to machines of this
construction the fixed and independent bearing h about the position shewn.

page_text: Fig. 2 exhibits (full size) our improved arrangement of the spindles of
machines of the character of those known as "throstle" or doubling frames.
a spindle; b, footstep bearing; c, copping rail bearing; d, warf-driving
spindle, bobbin; g, flyer. Our improvement consists in applying to
machines of this construction the independent and fixed bearing or collar h.
Fig. 3 exhibits (full size) our improved arrangement of the spindles of
machines for spinning and winding the thread spun on the spindle in the
cop form, such as those machines known as "mules." It may be most
advantageously used when the spindles are driven from an horizontal drum or
cylinder. a, spindle; b, footstep bearing; c, upper bearing; d, warf-driving
spindle. Our improvement consists in applying to machines of this
construction the independent and fixed bearing h.
Since the filing of our Provisional Specification we have discovered that
the improvements therein described as the second part of our Invention had
been already invented and secured by Letters Patent prior to the filing of our
said Provisional Specification; we therefore make no claim in respect to the
improvements described therein as the second part of our Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Aitken, on my own behalf and on
behalf of the said Servetus Aitken and the said John Haslam, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN AITKEN. (L.S.)