matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Seth Dawson, John Burgess, and
John Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th April 1865.
We, SETH DAWSON, of Springfield, near Mossley, in the County of York,
JOHN BURGESS, of Saddleworth, in the same County, and JOHN WILSON, of
Mossley, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a novel method of effecting an even expansion of the
metallic packing rings of metallic pistons employed in the cylinders of steam or
other engines, and consists in the application, employment, and use of a helical,
coiled, or other spring acting with a downward pressure, so that when com-
pressed by the cover of the piston and its screws they act upon and impart a
lateral pressure to the ordinary V ring employed to expand the packing rings,
which pressure may be received by an extra ring encircling the piston block,
and be thereby transferred to the ordinary V ring to press the same outwards
to keep the packing rings in contact with the interior surface of the cylinder.
When one spring is employed it encircles the piston block, and is forced down
by the screws acting on the cover of the piston, and presses upon the afore-
said extra ring, the inner surface of which fits and slides upon the piston
block, its exterior surface being inclined or wedge shaped, and acts against

page_text: the inner surface of the ordinary V ring and presses it outwards. The chief
feature or object of the Invention being to impart a lateral or outward
expansion to the packing rings of the piston by the employment of an internal
vertical pressure derived from a spring or springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1865.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DISTILLING BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be
as follows:-
My improvements in distilling bituminous substances consist in the
employment for the distillation of such substances of a chamber or vessel,
with one opening at the top by which the coal or other bituminous substance
is introduced, and an opening at the bottom by which the residue is with-
drawn; the heat required to distill the bituminous substance being the hot
products from the combustion of coke or other fuel forced or drawn through
the interior of the chamber or vessel among the substance to be distilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LAGE MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Bates, of New Radford, in the County of
Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MADE ON
BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LAGE MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Bates at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1865.
I, STEPHEN BATES, of New Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Lace
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE
MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacture or production of Valen.
ciennes lace by combining three bobbin threads and three warp threads con-
jointly to each pillar of lace, and in dividing each such pillar into three
twisted ticks, each of these ticks being composed of one bobbin thread and
one warp thread when and where required to join the scolloped edge or weaving
or fining, and form the pattern with the meshes of the lace.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Broderick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th May 1865.-A communication from abroad by Howard Tilden,
of Cornhill, Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD BRODERICK, of 146, Fenchurch Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce in a cheap and efficient form a
churn so constructed as to be capable of producing a prompt and thorough
agitation of the cream, of breaking the maximum number of the sacks containing
the butter, and of producing, therefore, the maximum quantity of butter, and
this without injury to the globules of which it is composed, as it is well known
that injury to these globules deteriorates the quality of the butter. For these
purposes I provide an upright vessel to receive the cream, and I agitate the
cream by means of a perforated dasher, which is moved upwards and down-
wards by a hollow or air shaft, to which it is attached. This shaft is provided
with a valve or valves to control the air chamber within, and there is at its
lower extremity an enlargement or inverted cup which projects beneath the
dasher, preventing the latter from striking the bottom of the churn to the
injury of the globules of butter, and also providing space for a large quantity
of air which rushes out from radial holes in the sides of the inverted cup and
inixes with the cream, producing thereby a decided improvement in the

page_text: quantity and quality of the butter over all of those methods in which the air
is not brought into practical requisition. I provide also, attached to the shaft
or dasher, or both, one or more wings or arms, which can be made to gather
the butter by a rotary or semi-rotary motion produced from the shaft.
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPLICATION OF IMITATION EMBROIDERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE ORNAMENTATION OF CRINOLINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1865.
I, RICHARD CLARKE, of Altrincham, in the County of Chester, Skirt
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW AND IMPROVED APPLICATION OF IMITATION EMBROIDERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR
THE ORNAMENTATION OF CRINOLINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of ornamenting the wearing apparel
called "skirts" or "crinolines" by printing devices or designs in imitation of
and instead of the embroidery now sewn thereon. The Invention consists in
applying ornamental patterns or designs to the skirts after they are made or
sewn together by means of blocks or printing cylinders arranged in proper
position for the purpose. The skirt having been made is mounted and
secured on a conical block or core, and a printing cylinder containing the
design is caused to revolve thereon, having its axis parallel to the surface of
the cone; or printing blocks having arms radiating to the apex of the cone
may be employed or stencil plates may be cut to fit a portion of the circle,
and the design may be stencilled on a part at once. When cylinders or
blocks are used either the core carrying the skirt may be
the cylinders may be driven themselves, so that the pattern will be continuous
caused to rotate, or

page_text: and without shewing marks where the pattern unites as skirts do when printed
before being made. This is adapted as a substitute for the expensive braid
embroidery hitherto employed, which frays and becomes disunited from the
garment; and it is more economical, forms a better appearance, and is more
durable, and by means of the arrangement of the cylinders or blocks it can be
applied to any skirts after they are made.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING DOVETAILS POR JOINERS' WORK
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June.
1865.
I, WILLIAM ROBERTS, of Ranelagh Road, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING DOVETAILS POR JOINERS' WORK," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machinery for cutting
dovetails for joiners' work, whereby a greater rapidity and regularity of
operating is effected than by the present methods of forming dovetails.
I propose to construct a frame and standards, within which an interior
frame is set in slotted guides, so as to be capable of rising and falling by the
action of a treddle and counterweights; this frame contains a driving shaft,
on which a fast and loose pulley are placed to receive an endless strap, and a
rigger is keyed to the shaft, on which a crossed band or gut is placed, in order
to give rotary motion to a shaft in the upper part of the frame. To this shaft
a cutting tool is applied and fixed after the manner of arranging a drill in a
lathe. The cutter is formed of the requisite size and taper of the dovetail to
be cut, and has two or more curved knife edges on its surface; the wood to
be dovetailed is placed and beld on a bed plate or rest under the tool, and
the treddle being gradually pressed by the foot, the rotating cutter is brought
down to the wood and quickly removes the space to form the dovetail. The
tredile being released the inner frame rises by the action of the counter-

page_text: weights, and the tool repasses through the space cut out; the wood is then
shifted, by means of an adjusting hand lever, to the requisite distance for the
next dovetail, which is easily done by aid of an index or scale on the rest
plate and a pointer. In order to cut a dovetail on the slant the upper part of
the sliding frame is set in an arched guide on the top of the standards, and is
joined to the lower part by pins and nuts, so that it may be placed and set by
a screw at an angle to any degree, as marked on the segmental guide;
thus, when brought down to the surface of the wood, it cuts the dovetail on
the skew or slant.
By this Invention articles of furniture and various kinds of joiners' work,
where dovetails are employed, may be made with great neatness and saving
of time.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hopkinson and Edwin
Hopkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd March 1865.
We, SAMUEL HOPKINSON and EDWIN HOPKINSON, both of Bradford, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the prevention of smoke arising from the
imperfect combustion of coal in steam boilers, and consists in the application
of heated air applied to the flame in a manner and by an apparatus now to be
described.
Taking a flued boiler, for example, at the end extreme from the fire, we
place two rectangular iron chambers in a horizontal position parallel to each
other and at some distance apart. These chambers communicate with each
other by means of rows of pipes, the numbers of which vary according to
circumstances. To the upper chamber a stack or funnel is attached commu-
nicating with the outer air. From the bottom chamber a pipe extends into
the flue nearly to the bridge. The flange of this pipe at the bridge end is
made large to fill the bottom part of the flue, and extends somewhat higher
than the bridge, the top of the flange being flat. A hole or holes of requisite
size are made in the flange for the emission of air. Directly over the bridge
we place a casting, the upper part of which fits the top and side of the flue,
the lower part resting upon the bridge. This casting is hollowed out and
presents a semicircular aporture.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Air descending the stack or
funnel in passing through the chambers and pipes becomes heated. On
emission through the hole or holes in the flanged end of the pipe near the
bridge it meets with the flame coming through the contracted aperture before
named, and mingling with it consumes the smoke entirely or nearly so.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENTLEMEN'S SCARVES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Eley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March 1865.
I, MATTHEW ELEY, of No. 28, Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GENTLEMEN'S SCARVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an endless revolving knot or barrel revolving
round the body of the scarf, the said body also being moveable through the
knot or barrel to any part of it, so that when one part is soiled, either the
knot or the body can be moved to any part of the other, and thereby making
every part of the scarf wearable; by this arrangement the knot can be worn
any size. The said scarf is fastened by two or more rings or links, sewn on
or inserted in the back of the band near the end, a hook being fixed at the
other end to hook into any one of the rings, so that the fastening cannot by
any possibility be seen when the scarf is being worn.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRICTION MATCHES AND TAPERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Alexander Bell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1865.
I, SAMUEL ALEXANDER BELL, of Epping Villas, Stratford, in the County
of Essex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRICTION MATCHES AND TAPERS,"
to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of friction matches it is the practice to "dip" the
splints or tapers into the igniting composition, the splints or tapers having
been first arranged evenly and secured in clamps. These clamps after the
dipping operation are carried to a drying room and placed in racks with
the coated ends of the matches downward, where they remain until the
composition is set. This drying operation is often very tedious, depending
greatly upon the state of the atmosphere.
Now the chief object of this Invention is to expedite the drying of the
igniting composition, and thereby greatly to facilitate the making of friction
matches without increasing the "plant" employed. To this end I pro-
pose to admit to the drying room streams of air impelled by any suitable
fan or blower and directed on to the pendent ends of the matches.
The manner in which I prefer to carry out this object is to lead a series
of pierced horizontal pipes around the walls of the drying room at levels
corresponding with the height at which the coated ends of the matches
are suspended, and to supply air thereto from suitable air trunks in con-

page_text: nection with the fan case. The air in hot weather I propose to cool in any
suitable manner before discharging it into the drying room, but in damp
and cold weather I propose to pass the air through passages in a steam
chest heated from the exhaust or waste steam of an adjacent engine, which
steam will never heat the air beyond a given temperature, and thus no
danger of igniting the matches by an undue elevation of temperature will
arise.
In like manner in order to quicken the setting of the wax or composition
used in making tapers, and remove the necessity for leading the strands of
tapers a long distance through the air (after leaving the bath and before
winding on to the drums provided to receive them), I pass the lengths of
tapers through streams of cold air issuing from pierced or slit pipes supplied
with air from a fan or blower.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING OR DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER YARNS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Broughton Edge and
Enoch Hird at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th October 1865.
We, JAMES BROUGHTON EDGE and ENOCH HIRD, both of Bolton, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING OR DOUBLING
COTTON OR OTHER YARNS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of twisting or doubling two
or more threads or yarns of cotton or other fibrous materials together
without the employment of "flyers," which are used at present in ordinary
twisting or doubling frames.
The improvements consist in the employment and use of a vertical
hollow spindle carrying a disc or circular platform about the middle of its
length, in which the cops or spools (say two or more) containing the single
yarn are supported in a vertical position and arranged round the said
central hollow spindle. Near the upper extremity of this spindle a number
of eyelets are secured corresponding with the number of cops, the yarn
being delivered from each cop and passing through its respective eyelet
and thence over a taper bowl covered with flannel, which acts as a "drag"
on the yarn, and which is attached to the top of the said spindle; this part
of the apparatus all revolves together, and is driven by a "wharf" on the
lower part of the vertical spindle and the usual arrangement of band and
pulley. The yarns or threads after passing over the "drag" bowl and

page_text: receiving the necessary tension thereby, pass upwards through two
stationary eyelets, one placed above the other, the lower one of which, as
the threads are twisting, forms the apex of a curve (the top of the said
bowl forming the base), at which point the yarns or threads become twisted
or doubled together, whence and in which doubled state they pass over
guide rods through guide eyelets and are wound on to "reels" or
" creels" as desired..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING CLOG AND PATTEN SOLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1865.
I, WALTER BROWN, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Clog Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING CLOG AND PATTEN SOLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in improved tools or instruments for holding the
blocks of wood for making clog and patten soles, and the partially-formed
soles; also in improved arrangements of rotary cutters for cutting clog and
patten soles entirely or to a great extent in the direction of the grain of the
wood. The blocks of wood to be converted into clog or patten soles are held
in clamps, each provided with a moveable jaw or jaws to fit soles of different
lengths; these clamps are traversed along a table by a screw and nut, or partial
nut, or other equivalent means. The rotary cutters for cutting the edges and
top and bottom of the sole are arranged in pairs revolving in contrary direc-
tions, and they are mounted in swivel bearings jointed to swivel arms jointed
to the table; these swivel arms are drawn by springs towards each other, and
against fixed templates of the shape of the portion of the sole under opera-
tion, by this means the cutters, which operate in succession, impart the
requisite shape to the blocks of wood, and when the edges have been cut the
blocks are turned one-fourth round to bring the top or bottom in line with
the cutters; or the top and bottom may be cut first, and the edges afterwards.

page_text: In making right and left soles, it is desirable to leave one portion of the edge
thicker than the other, and in order to accomplish this a template must be
applied at each end of the cutter spindles; these templates give the requisite
inclination to the cutters. When the top, bottom, and edges of the blocks
have been cut the heels are completed in an apparatus similar to that
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the 30th
March 1859, No. 790, but with certain improvements, consisting of a tool
for finding the centre of the heel, and for regulating the distance it has to
swivel. This tool is provided with two right and two left handed screws
acting on slides fitting in a grooved stand, or otherwise. When the centre of
the heel has been found the sole is held between two centres, which are
brought towards each other by eccentrics, and the heel can be tapered off at
the back by supporting the sole on a bevelled block fixed to one of the
centres. The groove in which the upper leather is secured is cut in the
manner described in my former Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sanders Trotman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1865.
I, SANDERS TROTMAN, of No. 11, Lyme Street, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as
follows:
My Invention consists in an improved method of separating silica or
siliceous matter from the lignine of straw or like vegetable products used for
the manufacture of paper.
In carrying out my Invention I use a solution of the carbonate of an
alkali (of a specific gravity of from 1100° to 1160° when cold) instead of the
caustic alkali heretofore used, by preference a solution of the carbonate of
soda or potash; in which strong or saturated solution I place the straw or
other substance to be acted upon, introducing the whole into a jacketted
digester or vessel with two skins, into the interspace between which skins
The
high-pressure steam is admitted from an ordinary steam boiler.
substances before referred to are thus subjected to steam heat and pressure
for, say, six to eight hours. The solution of carbonate of soda or potash under
pressure dissolves the silica, and the resulting solution may be drawn or driven

page_text: off, leaving the lignine to be dealt with in the ordinary manner. This solution
when cold and exposed to the action of the atmosphere yields a precipitate of
silica; the precipitant or carbonate of soda can be used again in future
operations.
I claim as my Invention the mode herein-before described of more
effectually separating silica from straw or other like vegetable products used
in the manufacture of paper without the use of caustic alkalies.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KEYS AND LOCKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fry Heather at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1865.
I, JOHN FRY HEATHER, of Portsmouth, in the County of Hants, Master
of Arts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KEYS AND LOCKS," to be as follows:-
The key consists of one or more cam plates fixed to a spindle at right
angles to its axis, and this spindle fits into barrels in the lock while the cam
plate or plates project beyond the barrels. The lock has two chambers, and
the key being inserted into the barrel of the first chamber, and turned round in
the ordinary manner, unlocks the keyhole of the second chamber, and then
enters the barrel of this chamber. The key being now again turned moves
two plates or sets of plates, one by means of the motion given to the
barrel, and the other by means of the action of the key plate upon levers,
slides, rods, or other moveable pieces. The plates thus moved, which I call
setting or fixing plates, having needle points inserted in them or in some of them,
and the key being turned round the points attached to any one plate mark upon
another curves, whose forms depend upon the form given to that portion of
the key-plate which comes in contact with the corresponding, lever, slide rod
or other moveable piece, and the setting plates being then cut to the forms

page_text: traced by the points, and brought nearer together, the points or any other
pins, studs, or teeth, placed in their stead project beyond the curves, just
touching them in every position of the setting plates, and these plates being
then ratchetted, if necessary, will upon an attempt being made to move them
by any other than the true key, become firmly locked together, and any
attempt to force a motion, so as to throw the bolt of the lock will only result
in breaking or bending the false key or pick without injuring the lock.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PAS- SENGERS AND GUARD AND BETWEEN THE GUARD AND DRIVER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN IN MOTION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pickworth at the Office. of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1865.
I, CHARLES PICKWORTH, of No. 18, Homer Road, Hackney Wick, in
the County of Middlesex, Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PAS-
SENGERS AND GUARD AND BETWEEN THE GUARD AND DRIVER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
IN MOTION," to be as follows:-
One object of this Invention is to enable passengers in a railway train to
communicate by signal with the guard when the train is in motion, and another
object is to enable the guard to communicate with the driver.
The means employed to communicate between the passengers and the guard
consist of a hollow tube of metal or other material made in divided lengths
but united when the train is made up so as to form a hollow tube secured to
the railway carriages, and reaching from over one end of the train to the other
and ending in or near the van break or carriage of the guard or other person
in charge of the train.
The signal is communicated from the passengers to the guard by means of
balls of metal, wood, ivory, cork, or other material, such balls being placed
(one for each compartment of every carriage) in cups or other receptacles
above but in connection with the tube, and retained in their places until a
passenger pulls a wire or cord, when one of the balls will be released and will
fall into the tube, and will by the means herein-after mentioned be impelled

page_text: through the tube into the said van, break, or carriage, where, falling upon a
metal gong or the spring of an alarum, it will immediately attract the atten-
tion of the guard or other person in charge of the train. The balls may be
numbered or marked so as to denote the particular carriage and compartment
from which they have been sent.
The means to impel the balls through the tube consist of pneumatic
pressure from fans or blowers connected by suitable machinery with the
engine, and so arranged as to force a continuous current of air through the
tube when the train is in motion.
The communication between the guard and driver is obtained by means of
a separate tube through which the guard may send written messages or signals
to the driver of the engine in hollow balls; this could be worked by means of
a fan or blower in the guard's van, and worked by hand or otherwise.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OIL AND OTHER LIQUID FEEDERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Foster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June 1865.
I, FREDERICK FOSTER, of 85, High Street, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OIL AND OTHER LIQUID FEEDERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the construction of feeders for the purpose of
feeding or supplying oil or other liquids for various useful purposes, as for
example, lubricating or syringing.
My improvements consist in constructing the feeders with a hemispherical
top, bottom, side, or end. In the interior of this hemispherical portion I fit a
hollow elastic hemisphere of india-rubber, gutta percha, or of a suitable
flexible impervious fabric. The non-flexible and the flexible hemispheres are
firmly united at their greatest circumferences. In the upper part or highest
centre of the non-flexible hemisphere I fit a tube, one end of which projects
outwards beyond the vessel and is screwed so as to receive a cover or top, the
other end of this tube is in the interior of the feeder, and is provided with a
shoulder or flange made in two pieces, between these pieces is secured, so as to
make a perfectly tight joint, the higher or upper part of the flexible hemisphere
which is here cut away for that purpose. Against this flange also presses one
end of a spiral spring, the other end being attached to that part of the feeder
opposite where the tube enters. The top or cover on the tube before
mentioned being removed the feeder may be filled with the liquid to be used
and the top replaced. The tube with its cover acts as a plunger, and upon

page_text: pressure being applied to this plunger the flexible hemisphere will be partially
collapsed and the liquid driven through the discharge orifice with a force
varying with the pressure employed. The plunger tube will be returned to
its original position by the spiral spring. I propose to apply this arrangement
either as a portable or fixed oil or other liquid feeder, and I propose also to
arrange a small valve at the place where the oil or other liquid leaves the
body of the feeder to prevent waste of the liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BAROMETERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1865.-A communication from Antoine Michel Fabre, residing
at Bourgoin, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, of
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 88, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BAROMETERS," a communication from Antoine Michel Fabre, a person
residing at Bourgoin, in the Empire of France aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of barometers, offering
the advantages of cheapness, simplicity, and great sensitiveness to the varia-
tions of the atmosphere. It consists of a tube provided at its lower extremity
with an enlarged hollow reservoir of any suitable form; and whose upper end
is open. The lower part or part nearer the reservoir is bent so as to form
an elbow, and admit of intercepting the passage between the tube and the
reservoir by means of a suitable quantity of liquid, which leaves a sufficient
space in the reservoir for air or other gas in a more or less compressed.
state. In this manner the mercury or other liquid non-productive of vapor at
ordinary temperatures would rise in the tube under the pressure of the air
or other gas contained in the resevoir on any decrease in the density of the
atmosphere, and on the contrary the increased density of the atmosphere would

page_text: compress the gas and lower the column of liquid. To render the improved
barometer more portable taps might be placed at suitable distances between
the reservoir and the tube to prevent the liquid being shaken in carrying or
otherwise.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CLEANING COTTON SEEDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Stovin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1865.-A communication from abroad by Etienne Laporte,
residing at Paris, in the Empire of France.
JOHN CHARLES STOVIN, of Whitehead's Grove, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CLEANING COTTON SEEDS," the same being a communication to me
from abroad by Etienne Laporte, resident at Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of cleaning
cotton seeds from the adhering cotton in order to fit them for the oil press..
Certain cotton seeds are very much covered with portions of cotton which
render them unfit for the manufacture of oil, because the cotton retains and
absorbs a quantity of the oil, which is consequently lost.
By this Invention I disengage these seeds from the cotton which surrounds
them by plunging them into sulphuric acid at a temperature of sixty-six
degrees Reaumur, whereby the cotton is liberated or freed from the seed. I
also use hydrochloric or nitric acid, or other similar corrosive or burning acid,
or corrosive body. The seeds are to be. agitated in the acid for about one
hour, they are then to be washed in a large quantity of water in order to
entirely remove the acid or other corrosive body, which would otherwise
vitiate the -products of the manufacture of the oil if the seeds remained
saturated with such acid or corrosive body.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCKS AND TIMEPIECES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herman Adler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1865.
I, HERMAN ADLER, of 20, Primrose Street, Bishopsgate Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCKS AND TIMEPIECES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in clocks and timepieces consists of three
parts, firstly, the combination of mechanism whereby the seconds circle and
seconds hand form the end or point of and move round the face of the clock
with the hour hand. The mechanism of this clock consists of a train of
wheelwork and other parts similar to the clocks and timepieces now in use,
the hour and minute hands being placed precisely as on ordinary clocks. On
the end of the hour hand is placed a circular piece of metal, round the border
of which are marked the seconds in the same way as on watches. This hour
hand is hollow; motion is communicated to the seconds hand by means of a
rod which passed through the hollow hour hand; one end of this rod works in
a pinion on the arbor, the other end working on a very minute pinion wheel
on the metal circle, which communicates motion to the seconds hand. ; the
novelty of this part of the Invention being that the seconds are carried round
the face of the clock by the hour hand.
The second part of this Invention consists in making the clock case itself
oscillate and dispensing with the use of a pendulum. To effect this object I
introduce the balance wheel and spring used in lever watches; one extremity

page_text: of the spring is attached to the axis of the balance wheel, and the other to a
convenient part of the case; the balance wheel thus connected with a spiral
spring performs all vibrations like a pendulum; in watches the extremities of
the spring are attached, one end to the balance wheel the other end to some
convenient point, but in this clock the one extremity being attached to the
case causes it to oscillate.
And, thirdly, this Invention dispenses with the use of a key; in fact, it is a
keyless clock; these clocks and timepieces are intended to stand on standards,
brackets, or pedestals; from these, whichever may be the one in use, the
winding power is communicated by means of a screw working in a socket, by
which motion is communicated to the winding square which is at the top of
the back of the clock, so that when the clock or timepiece requires winding,
you have merely to turn the standard or a button, or some similar contrivance,
should the clock be on a bracket or pedestal. These clocks can be regulated
to go for 7, 14, or 21 days.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL OR OTHER METALLIC TUBES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1865.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BROWN, of Park Wood Springs, Sheffield, in the.
County of York, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL OR OTHER
METALLIC TUBES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an extension of the process of manufacturing
weldless tubes for which I have already obtained Letters Patent bearing date
30th December 1864, No. 8251. In addition to the fixed mandrils described
in the Specification filed pursuant to such Letters Patent I propose to use an
ordinary parallel mandril or a hollow mandril (through which water may be
passed when in use) to travel with the collar or tube between each series of
rolls; by this means the steel or other metallic collar is elongated on the mandril
and rolled into a tube. It is then passed with the mandril inside between
horizontal rolls such as are at present in use (each revolving in the same
direction), and drawn nearly in a line with the axes of the rolls.
operation will free the mandril and admit of its being withdrawn easily from
the tube.
This
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Beanes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1865.
I, EDWARD BEANES, of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the treatment of animal charcoal that has
been heated or reburned.
The object of this Invention is to neutralize any caustic alkali that may be
present in the charcoal, and at the same time to remove the air that may
exist between the grains of the same, so that when the liquor is run on it will
come directly in contact with the charcoal, thereby facilitating the decolour-
ization of the aforesaid liquor.
The Invention consists in allowing animal charcoal that has been heated or
reburned (and whilst in the filter) to absorb carbonic acid gas by simply
admitting the said gas into the filter, which treatment I have found produces
the above effects, namely, that it not only neutralizes any caustic alkali that
may be present in the charcoal, but also removes the air which exists between
the grains of the same, thus allowing the liquor when run on (by expelling
the carbonic acid gas) to come directly into perfect contact with the whole of
the charcoal in the filter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING FABRICS ON TO CARDBOARDS FOR THE PURPOSE OF HOT-PRESSING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Freeman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1865.
I, ARTHUR FREEMAN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING FABRICS ON TO
CARDBOARDS FOR THE PURPOSE OF HOT-PRESSING," to be as follows:-
The fabric passes from a roller to the centre of a frame having at each side
a layer of cardboards on a platform or table, to which is given an ascending
motion by means of a drum or shaft encircled by chains attached to the
bottom of the platform, the drum being turned by a ratchet wheel and ratchet
worked from the driving shaft of the machine. The cards at each side are
seized by fingers closed by a spring, and having to and fro motion imparted
to them by a vibrating arm worked by a crank. The top card at one side of
the fabric is seized by the fingers and carried to the fabric and folds it, and
then the fingers are opened by an incline or cam, and leave the card in the
fold of the fabric; the fingers now pass to the other side and seize the top
card on that side, and when the vibrating arm is reversed it brings the card
forward and folds the fabric by the card itself, after which the fingers are
opened to allow the card to be retained in the fold, and the farther movement
of the arm carries the fingers to the side first mentioned, and again seizes a

page_text: card, which is carried to the fabric and folds it, and so the operations are
continuously repeated. The folds as they are completed are held on a central
table or platform, having a descending motion in proportion to the thickness
of the cards and the fabric, the said motion being given by a ratchet wheel,
drum, and chains.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fletcher Wiles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1865
I, JOHN FLETCHER WILES, of Upper Clapton, in the County of Middlesex,.
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to submarine telegraphy.. Hitherto in submarine
telegraphic operations the return current has been conveyed. by earth or-
water; and in cases of fracture or of defective or interrupted insulation of
the eable communication has been intercepted, impeded,. or destroyed.
Now the object of my Invention is to remedy the evils arising from
imperfect or defective insulation and fracture. For this purpose instead of
sinking one of the poles of each battery in earth, I insulate the battery and:
both its poles, and I also insulate the sending and receiving instruments,-
and I provide in addition to the signal or ordinary cable another wire or
cable (or other wires), duly insulated and made of a conducting materiál:.
It extends from the receiving point of the line to the transmitting instrument,
that is to say, it is of or about of the same length or extent as the first wire.
or cable, and it is connected or combined therewith so that it acts as a return
conductor instead of earth or water.. Such return wire or cable is for the
greatest portion of its length parallel or nearly parallel with the first cable

page_text: and at any convenient distance from it.. I connect one extremity of the
second wire or cable to a pole of the battery at one end of the line, and the
other extremity of the wire or cable to the receiving instrument at the other
end of the line. And I connect one extremity of the first-named cable to
the opposite pole of the battery, and the other extremity to the opposite end
of the receiving instrument, or vice versa, so that the current may flow
through the first wire and back through the second or inversely. In the
event of fracture or of a defective insulation of either cable or both cables,.
the current will pass over or through the defective or fractured portion of
one wire or cable and after passing through the water pursues its course
along the cable to the receiving instrument and returns along the other wire
or cable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lawrence James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1865.
I, SAMUEL LAWRENCE JAMES, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TRACTION ENGINES AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the steering or guiding wheels of
traction or road locomotive engines and other vehicles used on common roads,
which hitherto have not had sufficient hold of the ground to preveut them
from slipping or striking to one side or the other, particularly when the
engine is used for ploughing, or when the engine or vehicle is passing over
soft or sidling roads.
By my Invention I construct the wheels with teeth, blades, forks, or discs
in such manner that when it is found that the wheels are striking or slipping
to one side or the other from the direct line desired to be travelled, these teeth,
blades, forks, or discs are lowered into the ground, thereby obtaining a firm
hold, and preventing the aforesaid slipping or striking, and consequently
causing them to hold the engine or vehicle in such a position as to enable the.
driver to steer in any required direction. The teeth, blades, or forks are set in.
suitable guides attached to the wheels, and are actuated by cams, excentrics,
and springs, and by set screws, in order to regulate the extent of their pro-
jection beyond the periphery of the wheel. When it is not necessary to
make use of these projections the cams or excentrics are turned back so as to

page_text: bring the projections concentric with the wheel, and so present a flush
surface to the ground, The teeth or projections may be of various forms and
dimensions, either as a flat blade on one side of the wheel or as a fork or
stirrup, one blade being on each side of the tyre, or the blade may penetrate
through the felloe and tyre of the wheel, or the fork may be triple-bladed;
other forms may of course be used. In using a disc it may be applied to run
loose on the circular part of the cam frame and secured by a ring and screws.
The projections or discs may be made of cast or wrought iron, or a combination
of both, or any other suitable metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID METERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lusty at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1865.
I, SAMUEL LUSTY, of Walworth, in the County of Surrey, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID
METERS," to be as follows, that is to say:―
I employ a cylindrical chamber or barrel, at the bottom of which I place
a straining receiver, into which I let the ingress pipe. Above the strainer
and at the lower end of the barrel, is fixed a double threaded screw, between
the threads of which the fluid enters the barrel; above this screw is mounted
a revolving drum with fins or flanges on its periphery; this drum fits the
barrel with tolerable accuracy, and is hung upon a spindle whose lower bearing
is in the centre of the fixed screw, and the upper end of which terminates in
a worm, which drives a reducing train of wheels, which work the indices of
the dial fixed upon the top of the meter. Above the revolving drum, and
hung free upon the same spindle is a second drum, through which the fluid
passes off to the exit pipe. The action is as follows:-The fluid entering the
straining receiver by the ingress pipe is filtered by the strainer, and is forced
through the threads of the fixed screw, by which it takes a rotary direction
into the fins or flanges of the revolving drum, which it drives round, and with

page_text: it the spindle, upon which it is fixed, and through this spindle actuates the
train of wheels by which the registry is made upon the dial plate; the fluid
then passes off the revolving drum into the second drum through a small hole
in the bottom of it, and this second drum filling, the fluid passes through
holes in the side of this drum, and filling the barrel passes off through the exit 5
pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BOILERS FURNISHED WITH PIPES FOR THE CIRCULATION OF WATER FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April 1865.
I, JOHN BROWN, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder and
Kitchen Range Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BOILERS FURNISHED WITH PIPES FOR THE
CIRCULATION OF WATER FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The boilers of kitchen ranges for heating water for domestic purposes are
usually supplied with pipes which are in communication with a cistern; now,
so long as the passage in these pipes is free and fresh water continues to be
supplied to the boiler no accidents can occur, but if owing to severe frost or
other derangement one or both of the pipes becomes closed, the steam
generated in the boiler causes an explosion.
The nature of my Invention consists in preventing such explosions by the
application of a safety valve furnished with a weight or with a lever and.
spring or weight to the boilers of kitchen ranges, or for other domestic
purposes.