An Improved Cultivator.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
An Improved Cultivator.
We, GEORGE HENRY COLEMAN and ALFRED REAY MORTON, of the Firm of
Coleman and Morton, of London Road Iron Works, Chelmsford, Agricultural
Implement Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to agricultural implements known as cultivators pro-
vided with rigid or spring tines for scarifying and breaking up the ground after
ploughing, the implement of this invention being of simple and comparatively
inexpensive construction and possessing all the advantages of the more elaborate
and expensive machines of the kind now in use.
The invention relates particularly to the means whereby the tines are lowered
into work or raised out of work as may be required and it consists essentially
in such a construction and arrangement of the frame of the cultivator as to
enable the raising and lowering of the frame by which the tines are carried
to be effected by a simple rectilinear motion within the outer frame, the tine
carrying frame being so supported by the main frame of the implement that
when the tines are lowered the strains thrown upon them by the resistance
which they encounter when in work will be wholly supported by the main frame
and will not be transmitted to the handing lever or other gear by which the
raising and lowering of the tine carrying frame is effected. With this object
the inner or tine carrying frame is mounted to move up and down under the
guidance of the outer or main frame which for that purpose is constructed
with end brackets with which the ends of the inner frame engage, the direction
of the guides being either vertical or at a slight forward inclination so that the
strains coming on the inner frame will be wholly resisted by the outer frame
and there will be no tendency for the inner frame to rise and allow the tines
to jump out of work on encountering the resistance of the ground and no
necessity for providing special locking gear for retaining the tines in work.
According to the preferred construction the end brackets of the outer frame
(to which the travelling wheel axles are fixed) are formed with vertical or
forwardly inclined guide slots in which engage corresponding snugs on the ends
of the inner frame whereby the said frame is guided in its raising and lowering
movement. It will however be evident that the converse arrangement of the
guide slots and snugs may be adopted or that the means by which the one frame
is guided within the other, may be otherwise varied without departing from
the invention.
The raising and lowering of the tine carrying frame and its retention in the
raised position may be effected by a handing lever in convenient proximity to
the driver and fast on a transverse rock shaft mounted on the main frame and
having lever arms at its extremities coupled by links to the inner frame, the
handing lever being provided with a locking bolt taking into a notched quadrant
for retaining the tine carrying frame in the elevated position or lowered to any

page_text: required extent according to the depth of work required, but any other suitable
means of raising and lowering the said frame may be employed.
The invention also relates to an improvement in spring times for cultivators,
and consists of an improved helper or reinforcing spring strip for strengthening
the spring iine, said helper or reinforcing strip being formed either in one with
the time or separately and being in either case of opposite curvature to the upper
part of the time so as to form therewith an open bow frame encircling the rear
bar of the frame (to which the tines are bolted) the helper or reinforcing strip
extending rearwards from the bar terminating in a clip or shoc embracing and
bearing against the rear part of the tine at the point where additional support
is required.
Where the reinforcing strip is made separate from the time the two would
he bolted together upon the rear bar of the frame and the reinforcing strip
besides bearing against the tine as above described may have a free end extending
forwards from the point of attachment and lying within the curve of and against
the upper part of the tine so as to reinforce the latter in the manner of a laminated
spring.
Dated this Sib dar of Va 1800
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.
We, GEORGE HENRY COLEMAN and ALFRED REAY MORTON, of the Firm of
Coleman & Morton. of London Road Iron Works. Chelmsford, Agricultural
Implement Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to agricultural implements known as cultivators pro-
vided with rigid or spring times for scarifying and breaking up the ground after
ploughing, the implement of this invention being of simple and comparatively
inexpensive construction and possessing all the advantages of the more elaborate
and expensive machines of the kind now in use.
The invention relates particularly to the means whereby the tines are lowered
into work or raised out of work as may be required, and it consists essentially
in such a construction and arrangement of the frame of the cultivator as to
enable the raising and lowering of the frame by which the tines are carried
to be effected by a simple rectilinear motion within the outer frame, the time
carrying frame being so supported by the main frame of the implement that
when the tines are lowered the strains thrown upon them by the resistance
which they encounter when in work will be wholly borne by the main frame
and will not be transmitted to the handing lever or other gear by which the
raising and lowering of the tine carrying frame is effected. With this object
the inner or tine carrying frame is mounted to move parallel with itself up and
down under the guidance of the outer or main frame which for that purpose is
constructed with end brackets with which the ends of the inner frame engage,
the direction of the guides being either vertical or at a slight forward inclination
so that the strains coming on the inner franie will be wholly resisted by the
outer frame and there will be no tendency for the inner frame to rise and allow
the tines to jump out of work on encountering the resistance of the ground
and no necessity for providing special locking gear for retaining the times
in werk. Further, the inner frame is always maintained level, so that all the

page_text: times enter the same distance into the ground,
they may be set to work.
Hatever the pen av
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification Figure 1
is a side elevation of a cultivator constructed according to the invention,
Figure 2 being a plan of the same.
According to the preferred construction the end brackets of the outer or.
main frame consist of castings to which are bolted the horizontal bars which
form the front and rear transverse members of the frame and by which the
brackets a are maintained at the required distance apart, and each end bracket a
carries an outwardly projecting stud e forming the fixed axle upon which one
of the travelling wheels C is mounted. Each bracket is formed with a vertical
or forwardly inclined rectilinear guide slot d in which engages a snug e on the
corresponding end bar of the inner or tine-carrying frame whereby the latter
is guided parallel with itself in its raising and lowering movement so as to
always remain level. It will however be evident that the converse arrangement
of the guide slots and snugs may be adopted. or that the means by which the
one frame is guided within the other may be otherwise varied, without departing
from the invention.
The raising and lowering of the time-carrying frame and its retention in the
position to which it may be raised, are effected by a handing lever G in convenient
proximity to the driver's seat H and fast on a transverse rock shaft g mounted
in bearings g on the main frame and having lever arms i fast on its extremities
coupled by links to the inner frame, the handing lever G being provided with
a locking bolt controlled by the auxiliary handle and taking into a notched
quadrant K for retaining the tine-carrying frame in the elevated position or
lowered to any required extent according to the depth of work required, but
any other suitable means of raising and lowering the said frame may be employed.
The tines are as usual fixed to horizontal bars f¹ which in the present case
form the transverse members of the inner movable frame, and the main frame.
is provided with the usual fore-carriage M.
The invention also relates to an improvement in spring tines for cultivators:
and consists of an improved helper or reinforcing spring strip for strengthening
the tine, said helper or reinforcing strip being formed either in one with the
tine; or separately, and being in either case of opposite curvature to the upper
part of the tine so as to form therewith an open bow or loop encircling the bar
of the frame to which the tines are bolted, the helper or reinforcing strip
extending rearwards from the bar and terminating in a clip or shoe embracing
and bearing against the rear part of the tine at the point where additional
support is most required. This portion of the invention is illustrated in
Figures 3 and 4, which are side views of spring tines embodying these improve-
ments, Figure 3 shewing a spring tine in one with its helper, and Figure 4 a
tine and helper arranged separately. In the arrangement shown in Figure 3, the
loop formed by the combined tine and helper rests upon and is bolted to the
top of the transverse carrying bar f', and the helper or reinforcing spring
strip N forming a prolongation of the tine L extends rearwards from the bar fi
and is bent downwards and then rearwards so as to bear against the backwardly
curved portion of the tine, to which its extremity may be secured by means
of a clip o (Figure 3) which permits of a slight relative sliding motion of the
tine and helper at their point of mutual contact. Or lateral ears (Figure 5)
formed at the rear end of the strip N may be bent down as shewn in Figure 4
so as to maintain the tine L and strip N in the same plane.
When the reinforcing strip N is made separate from the time L as in
Figure 4, the two are bolted together upon the bar f¹ of the frame, and the
reinforcing strip besides bearing against the tine at the point 7 as above
described, may have a free end extending forwards from the point of attach-
ment and lying within the forward curve of and against the upper part of the
tine as shewn, so as to reinforce the latter in the manner of a laminated spring.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. A cultivator for agricultural purposes, consisting of a wheeled frame com-
prising a pair of end brackets connected by transverse bars and provided with
guides set vertically or with a slight forward inclination, and a tine-carrying
frame mounted adjustably in the guides and provided with means whereby it
may be raised or lowered therein, for the purpose specified.
2. The herein described improved cultivator for agricultural purposes con-
sisting of a wheeled frame comprising a pair of end brackets connected by
transverse bars and provided with guides set vertically or with a slight forward
inclination and a tine-carrying frame mounted adjustably in the guides and
connected to levers fast on a rock shaft adapted to be rotated by a handing
lever whose angular adjustment determines the height of the tine-carrying
frame relatively to the main frame, substantially as specified.
3. A spring tine for cultivators constructed with an extension of the upper
end projecting rearwardly beyond its point of support, said extension being
curved as described and bearing against the rear part of the tine, substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
4. The combination with the spring tine of a cultivator, of a reinforcing spring
strip fixed with the tine to a common point of support and extending rearwardly
therefrom and curved as described and bearing against the rear portion of the
tine, substantially as specified.
5. The combination with the spring tine of a cultivator, of a reinforcing
spring strip fixed beneath the time to a common point of support and extending
rearwardly and forwardly therefrom, the rearward extension being curved as
described, and bearing against the rear portion of the tine and the forward
extension being curved so as to lie within and against the forwardly bowed
portion of the tine, substantially as specified.
Total 1 041 day of D 1900
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.