AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC PUMP OR ENGINE FOR RAISING LIQUIDS AND OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, ALSO APPLIC ABLE FOR THE VENTILATION OF MINES, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of 5, Wardrobe Place, in the City
of London, Architect, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC PUMP
OR ENGINE FOR RAISING LIQUIDS AND OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, ALSO APPLIC
ABLE FOR THE VENTILATION OF MINES, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 28th November 1862, and dated the 5th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1862.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of 5, Wardrobe Place, in the City of London,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED
HYDRAULIC PUMP OR ENGINE FOR RAISING LIQUIDS AND OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER,
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE VENTILATION OF MINES, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the raising of water, or any other fluid,
or liquid for freeing mines of water at any depth, draining land, and lakes,
and clearing ships, elevating liquids at breweries, distilleries, and high mains,
and for the forcing or raising any liquids whatsoever, and for an improved
method of obtaining motive power for the working of water-pressure engines
on land and sea, stationary or otherwise, and for propelling water wheels of
every description, turbine, rotary motion engines on land and sea, working of
cranes, for the display of fountains, and for the ventilation of mines, and for
all other purposes, for which steam is applicable as a motive power. In
introducing water as a motive power in all hydraulic appliances up to the
present time, such as raising water by the aid of steam, water, or any other

page_text: power, such raising of the water is known to require about the same power as
it gives back when applied as a motive power, the only advantage being that
it is forced or raised up in small quantities at leisure to some elevated position
and stored up in large quantities for the extensive demands made upon it at any
future time.
This Invention includes the raising and forcing of water, and other liquids
to any height whatsoever, or by any dimensions of pipe or pipes with great
ease. Freeing mines or any other places of water, and making machines
raise their own water as a motive power. Thus enabling me to create power
from a supply of still water.
In order to describe the usefulness of my Invention in the simplest manner
possible, it is necessary to explain that all present pumps for raising and forcing
water of any description whatsoever, are so constructed, and adapted that if
the water in the well or elsewhere be more than thirty-three feet from the
valve, a pump may be worked for ever without any effect, and all such pumps
are so constructed that the law of nature acts in opposition to all their workings
beyond the said height and requiring sheer force to raise the said water, as
all bodies both fluid, liquid, and solid press downwards by the force of gra-
vitation.
My new method of raising water or any other fluid or liquid consists of my
making a pump tree or raising main with balance pipe or pipes with a working
barrel made to work at the top or bottom of the pump tree or raising main,
the pipe or pipes extending to any length or depth made of cast-iron, wrought
iron, copper, brass, lead, zinc, block tin, or any other metals or composition
of metals whatsoever, or of glass, wood, stone, gutta percha, india-rubber, or
any other mixture or material capable of containing or resisting water
or any other liquid. At the bottom or side of the pump tree or raising
main I fix on a branch suction pipe or pipes containing a valve or valves
for receiving water, or any other liquids into the pump or for shutting off
the same, working in. the same way as any other pump does, but at the bottom
of the pump tree or raising main I fix on a stuffing box for the purpose of
admitting the piston of a water ram or plunger. I bring into connection with
pumps on the ordinary principle another pipe or pipes, the same for instance
as a syphon turned upside down, but being disconnected at the bottom, namely,
I bring down alongside of the said pump tree or raising main another pipe
or pipes of any dimensions called a balance syphon hydraulic pipe bent at the
bottom, and turning upwards, on the end of which I affix a stuffing box
leaving a place between the said pump tree and balance syphon hydraulic
pipe for a plunger or water ram; I then secure the two pipes together so that

page_text: they stand perpendicular to each other by mean of arms or brackets firmly
secured, I then admit into the bottom part of the said balance pipe, the hollow
or solid water ram or plunger of a different shape or size, and the hollow piston
rod of the ram works through the stuffing box of the said pump tree or raising
main connecting the plunger with the hollow piston, and with the pump bucket
and pump rod, so connecting them that the said pump tree and balance pipe work
in union with each other, causing the water in the said pipe and the water in the
said pump tree pipes to balance each other, therefore making the height of water
to be raised a matter of little consideration, as all kinds of fluids at equal depths
below the surface or otherwise are equally pressed in all directions, and the water
immediately below the fixed part in the said balance pipe will press as much
upwards against the lower part of the plunger, as the hollow plunger will be
internally pressed down by the same height of water above it in the said pump
tree the same as that in the said balance pipe, enabling any diameter of pipe
to be equally balanced raising water to any height with perfect ease, aud
causing fluids of all kinds to exert a pressure upwards from the centre of the
earth, and sideways equal to their pressure downwards, causing any quantity
of liquid, however small, to balance and support any quantity of water or other
liquids however large, though the said balance pipe may contain a million
times less water than that of the said pump tree.
In order to remedy any defect that may occur in any of the pipes attached
to the valve bucket or plunger I place on the pipes doors for access, I
also place on the said balance pipe and upcast pipes a valve and screw working
through a thread or stuffing box, so that the stuffing box to the plunger, can
be repacked without letting out the water in the pipes or the water may
be discharged through a tap or valve where desirable; I also add to the
said balance syphon hydraulic pump an air vessel, I also work the pump rods
or plunger with a self-acting perpendicular stroke either worked from the
bottom or top of pumps working in a slide frame, having propelling wheels with
lever reversing its motion whereby any length of the stroke is easily acquired
by the regulator, or the balance syphon hydraulic pump to be worked with
cranks or any other of the backward and forward motions.
Another kind of balance pump I also work the same as an ordinary stand
scale from the top or bottom of the said pump, having two plungers with pistons
to balance each other by the pressure of water in each pipe; the pistons
made to work through stuffing boxes one in each pipe. I support the water
in the balance and upcast pipe with an iron or other framework fixed to the
upcast pipe, the suction pipe to receive the water to the pump.
I also balance the weight of any quantity of water or other liquids by a

page_text: lever fixed to the framework, and weighting the balance with any material; this
I do with a plunger and piston working through a stuffing box, the balance
pipe in those pumps may be filled with any fluid such as quicksilver, the
balance pipe and levers being my method of raising water with case and
overcoming the difficulty which it has been said that the law of nature would
for ever prevent.
Where coal is not a question of cost, or where speed of erection is necessary,
or there is a bad foundation to contend with or otherwise, I apply to the working
of the balance syphon bydraulic motive power pump a reciprocating motion in
the working of steam water rams the same as those worked by hydraulic
presses.
In obtaining an improved motive power on land and sea I elevate the
water with the balance syphon hydraulic motive power pump by means of a
pipe or pipes, raising the water into a cistern or upon some elevated position,
allowing the water to descend another pipe from the cistern or from any other
water collector, or allow the water to fall from the top of pump or pumps
upon a waterwheel or any other leverage power. For water pressure engines
I elevate the water by a small balance syphon hydraulic motive power pump,
or by any other means, so that the balance pipe or working barrel pipe is charged
with water, I then allow the water to descend the hydraulic pipe to the water
pressure engine containing water-tight pistons with piston rods, slide valves, valve
chests and water passages, the engine alternately admitting and discharging
the water to and from the cylinders. In order to obtain all the power possible
I pass the water after it has left the engine on to a water wheel, turbine, rotary
motion engine, or pass the same on to a conical frame with spiral sides; I also
obtain a rotary and powerful motion to work the pump or pumps, and obtain
a power capable of turning any power whatsoever by having a cylinder, and
forming another inside turning on a hollow shaft which almost takes up
the entire space of the cylinder leaving betwixt the inner and outer rim a deep
narrow space betwixt the two cylinders causing the water to be thrown to the
greatest extremity of the cylinder and causing a powerful rotary leverage. I admit
the water through a shaft which goes through the top and bottom of the hollow
cylinder, at the top I fix on a drum to the shaft and underneath the cylinder I fix
on the shaft a conical frame allowing the water from the rotary engine to
expend its power on the conical wheel or on a water wheel fixed to the shaft.
For the ventilation of coal mines and other purposes I place as many of
the water pressure engines, turbines, or rotary motion engines down in the mine
as may be requisite, I then convey down from the top of the mine a pipe or
pipes or from a cistern collecting the water which may accumulate from any

page_text: part or portion of the mine capable of supplying with effect a water pressure
engine, turbine, or rotary motion engine, through the pipe or pipes carried down
to supply them with water. After the water has expended its power from the
hydraulic pipes, I then conduct it in pipes to a water conductor to convey
it to the well or sump to be pumped up again. To each engine I attach a
fan or fans forcing and drawing air enabling any part of the mine to be
properly and perfectly ventilated without the aid of fires which are so dlan-
gerous. The reason why this evil can be so easily remedied in ventilating
mines, is that the balance syphon hydraulic motive power pump so easily
removes any quantity of water from any depth, that water can be again sent
back into the workings without interruption or injury.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of 5, Wardrobe Place, in the City of London, Architect, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Rydill, Her special licence, that I, the said George Rydill, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Rydill, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC PUMP OR
ENGINE FOR RAISING LIQUIDS AND OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE
VENTILATION OF MINES AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Rydill, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the Drawings herein referred to,
and forming part of this my Specification, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention consists of an arrangement of machinery, apparatus, or
means relating to the application and employment of the principle of hydraulic
balance or equilibrium force, applied in various ways and for various pur-
poses to obtain motive power and equilibrium to be herein-after described,
similar letters being used to denote similar parts in each Figure of the
Drawings.
Fig. 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a vertical section of one form
or arrangement of machinery or apparatus by the aid of which I employ
bydraulic pressure for pumping, lifting, or forcing fluids; Fig. 1, marked A,
represents the rising main of the balance hydraulic syphon pump, extending
to any depth or height for the purpose of conveying water. B is the suction
pipe for the purpose of taking in the water; C is the foot valve of suction
pipe to enable the pump to receive and retain its water until the pump
bucket or piston can descend; D, D, are doors, by which immediate access is
had to valves and pistons; W is the working barrel of the piston E; and F
shows the pump rod, which is attached to the crank pin of piston rod G, which
may be solid or hollow, which extends to the solid or hollow ram or plunger
marked I working in the balance hydraulic pipe L; I, I, I, I, is the distance
piece betwixt rising main A and the balance bydraulic pipe, which is
marked L; and W is the working barrel in balance hydraulic pipe, admitting
of the ram or plunger, so that the hydraulic pressure of the water in balance
hydraulic pipe L exerts its power on the aforesaid ram or plunger, or any
other moveable body or form whatscever, so that the piston E in rising main
is forced up; J, J, are the glands to stuffing boxes, by which means the water
in the rising main A and balance hydraulic pipe L is prevented from escaping,
and allows a working communication betwixt the two pipes A and L. A
small branch pipe marked K, fitted with valve or tap, branching from rising
main A to the balance hydraulic pipe L, so that the balance hydraulic pipe
charges itself with water from rising main A, which can be disconnected when
the water may have attained its required height for balancing.
Fig. 2 on Sheet 1 is a vertical section of a suction lift and force balance
hydraulic syphon pump, working and varying in its working from Fig. 1,
Sheet 1, A being the rising main for the flow of water; B, the suction pipe,
extending to the liquid to be raised; C, C, C, are valves in suction pipe B,
and rising main A, for the various purposes of retaining and discharging

page_text: water; D, D, are doors to valve boxes in suction pipe B and branch pipe; A,
rising main for easy access to valves; E is a solid pump piston, which, after
drawing the water up through the suction pipe B and valve C, discharges the
water through the branch rising main A; letter F is the pump rod, extending
to the machinery for receiving motion, by which means the piston E receives a
reciprocating motion, which is attached to piston rod G, which may be solid or
hollow, and which is also attached to the hollow or solid ram or plunger
marked II, against which the water in the balance pipe L acts with its
pressure to raise the piston E. Letters I, I, I, I, is the distance piece for
separating and supporting the rising main A and the balance hydraulic pipe L,
made any shape suitable to the position in which the pump may be placed,
and firmly securing the same to each pipe by means of bolts, nuts, or the three
cast together; J, J, J, are the glands, bolted to stuffing boxes for the purpose
of preventing the escape of water, and allowing a free communication with
rising main A and balance hydraulic pipe L, and space for pump rod F;
letter M is the valve box in rising main; W, W, are the working barrels in
the rising main A and the balance hydraulic pipe L.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, of my Drawings is a vertical section of a double-action
balance hydraulic pump, giving a continuous flow of water. Fig. 1 shows
cach working part and its action. A is the rising main of a substantial
formed balance hydraulic pump, showing pipes, bolts, nuts, and other fittings
suitable for its support; B, B, is the suction pipe of balance syphon hydraulic
pump communication with the water to be raised; C, C, are the foot valves in
suction pipe; D, D, are doors for access to valves; E, E, shows the two
pistons, by which means the water is raised through the rising main; F, F,
are the two pump rods, attached to crank pin and pistons E, E, for the purpose
of forming a communication with the moving power; G, G, shows the pump
pistons and their connections; H, H, are the two hollow or solid rams or
plungers working through stuffing boxes; I, I, I, I, is the distance piece
betwixt working barrel in rising main A and working barrel in balance syphon
hydraulic pipe L, L; J, J, J, J, J, J, are the glands to stuffing boxes to
prevent the water from escaping, and to allow the piston rods, pump rods, rams
or plungers to work through; L, L, is the balance syphon hydraulic pipe,
branching from syphon pipe at the bottom extending and forming a com-
munication with rising main A, so that the hydraulic pressure of the water is
exerted from the height of rising main through the balance syphon hydraulic
pipe L, L, allows its pressure to exert itself on bottoms of the two hollow or
solid rams or plungers; W, W, W, W, are the four working barrels of the
two pistons E, E, and the two hollow or solid rams or plungers H, H.

page_text: Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a side section of Fig. 1, marked as follows, shewing its
connection with Fig. 1. A is the rising main; B, the suction pipe; C, valve
in suction pipe; D, door of valve box; E, pump piston; F, F, pump rod
attached to crank pin; G, hollow or solid piston rod; II, hollow or solid ram
or plunger; I, I, I, I, is the distance piece betwixt working barrel in rising
main A and the working barrel of the hollow ram or plunger marked H;
J, J, J, are the glands to stuffing boxes; and W. is the working barrel in
rising main.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a cross section of Fig. 1. B shows the suction pipe;
C, C, valve boxes; D, D, doors of valve boxes; I; I, distance piece; L,
balance syphon hydraulic pipe, which gives a power to the pump workings,.
variously arranged, and prevents in the down stroke any injurious vacuum
which may have been formed under the piston E from giving any shock to the
pump, enabling a steady and easy motion to be obtained at all times.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, represents various views
and details, varying in form from Fig. 1, Sheet 2, but a similar working
arrangement, which is adapted for raising water from great depths, giving a
constant discharge of water. A, A, is the rising main or delivery pipe; B, B,
suction; extending to the water to be raised; C, C, are the foot valves in
suction pipe; D, D, and d, d, are doors to valve boxes and valves; E, E, are
two solid pistons with pressure of water on the top of them drawing in the
water as it ascends, which may be entirely or partly balanced according to
height which the balance syphon hydraulic pipe marked L, L, L, L, is
extended, and on the return of the stroke, the valve C in suction pipe closes,
by which means the piston forces the water through valve O into the rising
main. F; F, are the two pump rods, which gives motion to piston, piston rod,
and the ram or plunger; G, G, are the two solid or hollow piston rods extending
to H, H, which are hollow or solid rams or plungers; I, I, I, I, are the two
distance pieces supporting rising main pipe and balance syphon hydraulic pipe,
leaving spaces for the H, H, .hollow or solid rams or plungers to work in;
J,J,J,J,J, J, are the glands to stuffing boxes, so that the pipes retain their water;
K is a small pipe with tap or valve branching from rising main A to balance
syphon hydraulic pipe, which enables the pump to charge both pipes with
water when put in motion, and by a tap or valve the connection is closed;
L, L, L, L, is the balance syphon bydraulic pipe, by which an hydraulic
pressure is made to act on the two solid or hollow rams or plungers; 0, 0,
are two valves through which the water is discharged out of the working
barrels into the rising main; W, W, W, W, are the working barrels of pistons
and hollow or solid rams or plungers.

page_text: Fig. 2 on Sheet 3, is a side elevation of Fig. 1. A, showing the rising
main; B, the suction pipe; C, foot valve in suction pipe; D, door to valve
box; E, solid piston; F, F, the pump rods; G, hollow or solid piston; H,
hollow or solid ram or plunger; I, I, I, I, is the distance piece betwixt rising
main and working barrel of balance syphon hydraulic pipe; J, J, J, are the
glands to stuffing boxes; and W, shows the working barrel.
Fig. 3, Sheet 3, is a section of Fig. 1. B, the suction pipe; C, C, are the
foot valves; D, D, doors to valve boxes; I, I, distance piece; L, balance
syphon hydraulic pipe.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 4. Fig. 1 is a vertical section elevation of a
double-action pump, differently arranged working parts, from Fig. 1 and 2,
Sheet 2, and Fig. 1 and 2, Sheet 3. Letters A, A, A, are the rising mains;
B, B, the suction pipe drawing in the water; C, C, valves in suction pipe;
E, E, E, E, solid and moveable valve pistons; F, F, F, F, F, pump. rods
attached to crank pin and pistons drawing in the water through the suction
pipe B, B, then forcing and raising the same into rising mains A, A, A; G, G,
are two solid or hollow piston rods; H, H, two solid or hollow rams or plun-
gers; I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, are the distance pieces betwixt working barrel in
raising main and the working barrel of the balance syphon hydraulic pipe
L, L; J, J, J, J, J, J, represents glands of stuffing boxes; L, L, is the
balance syphon hydraulic pipe, extending from the basement of the balance
syphon hydraulic pipe and uniting with the rising main A, A, A, pipes;
W, W, W, W, are the working barrels in rising main and balance syphon
hydraulic pipe N', N', are the two cross heads attached to pump rods.
Fig. 2, Sheet 4, is a side section of Fig. 1. A is the rising main; B, the
suction pipe; C, valve in suction pipe; D, door to valve box; E, E, E, show
the pistons; F, F, F, are the pump rods; G, piston rod; H, hollow or solid
ram or plunger; I, I, I, I, the distance piece betwixt working barrel in rising
main and balance syphon hydraulic pipe; J, J, J, are the glands to stuffing
boxes; N1, N2, the two cross heads; and W, W, W, are the working barrels
of pistons and hollow or solid ram or plunger.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as my
Invention. I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of the Invention; but what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-

page_text: First, the balancing any quantity of water to be raised by hydraulic pressure
by the application of a second pipe or pipes detached from rising main, or
attached to rising main, and brought down to act with its pressure upon a
moveable body, such as a ram, piston, or plunger.
Second, the separation in various ways the rising main and the balance
syphon hydraulic pipe with a distance piece, so that a division is formed
according to stroke required betwixt the two pipes.
Third, the application and use of a piston ram or plunger made to work in
various ways and forms betwixt rising main and the balance syphon hydraulic
pipe.
Fourth, the forming a communication with the pump piston in raising main,
and a piston ram or plunger working in balance syphon hydraulic pipe by
means of a solid or hollow piston rod working through stuffing boxes.
Fifth, the application of a branch pipe extending from rising main to
balance syphon hydraulic pipe with tap or valve, so that the communication
bewixt the two pipes is cut off.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydill, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
GEORGE RIDILL. (L.S.)