Improvements in and connected with Bolts, Washers, and Nuts for Fastening Sheet-iron Plates.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 15th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1900
Improvements in and connected with Bolts, Washers, and Nuts for
Fastening Sheet-iron Plates.
F
JOSEPH CARTER, Engineer, Brooklands, Brislington, Bristol, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The fastening consists of a bolt with a conical collar, concave washer, and clip.
The conical collar is brought to bear against the burr on the underside of sheet,
so that when the top nut is screwed up the burr is forced outwards untill it is
pressed firmly against the underside of the concave washer thus, forming a rim
around edge of bolt hole in sheet, and at the same time making a watertight
connection of the bolt to sheet.
"
The bolt is attached to the framing by a clip for iron framing & a screw for
wood framing, the clip having a groove to take the iron framing and provided
with lugs as shown on accompanying drawing.
3000
:
Improvements in and connected with Bolts, Washers, and Nuts for
Fastening Sheet-iron Plates.
f.
I, JOSEPH CARTER, Brooklands, Brislington, Bristol, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statementi:—
My invention refers to improvements in the method of attaching metallic roof-
ing sheets to the framework of roofs; the invention is particularly applicable to
corrugated iron roofing sheets, when the corrugated sheets have to be fixed to
iron framing. By preferance I punch the hole in the corrugated sheet on the top
of the ridge as is usual but I do not confine myself to this position. As is well
known when the hole in the sheet is punched a portion of the metal around the
punched hole follows the direction of the punch and a countersunk depression is
formed around the hole and the tendency is for the water to collect there and to
run down the side of the bolt. The object of my invention is to avoid or counter-
act the evil of this countersinking and by the device hereinafter described, the
metal composing this countersunk portion is inverted in direction, or in other
words the concave part of the sheet surrounding the punched hole is converted
into a convex part.
In order that my invention may be the more readily understood & the method
in which I carry my invention into practice I attach hereto one sheet of drawings
which is to be taken and read as parts of these presents.
Figure 1, is a longitudinal section showing the method of attachment to iron
roof framing.

page_text: Figure 2, is a transverse elevation.
Figure 3, is a transverse section showing the method in which the attachment is
made to wooden rafters..
Figure 4, is a longitudinal elevation which shows the method of attachment
to wooden rafters.
Hereinafter in these presents the corrugated sheets or other metallic sheet the
fastening is suitable for, will be referred to as the sheets.
O is the hole punched in the sheet A B is the bolt which has at the end next
the sheet a rounded shoulder formed at K, the rounded part of the shoulder being
nearest the sheet, D is a concave washer, the concavity of which corresponds to
the rounded shoulder K.
The end of the bolt is threaded at B. C is a nut that fits on the threaded
part B¹.
The other end of the bolt is also threaded at J, and on this is fitted the nut H
a special shaped washer fits over the angle piece F. This washer is formed as
follows, there are two wings the side view of one of these wings is shown at E, in
Figure 1, and the end view is shown in dotted lines at E' in Figure 2.
There is also another wing G, which is mord or less at right angles to the
wings EE between the wings EE' and the wing G a suitable space is left so that
a portion of the angle piece F is between the aforesaid wings.
The method in which this device is applied will now be explained.
The roofing sheet with a suitably shaped hole punched in it having been placed
on the angle piece F, F', or other suitable framework the bolt B is passed through
the hole O, the concave washer is then placed over the end B¹ of the bolt B, and
the nut C screwed down on the washer D.
On the other end of the bolt the winged washer E, E, G, is passed over the
belt end J and so arranged that it clips the edge of the angle piece F between
the wings E, E, G, and secured in its place by the nut H.
Upon the nuts C, H, being tightened up the part of the sheet surrounding the
hole O is pulled out and tends to assume the shape of the rounded shoulder K on
the underside of the sheet and the shape of the washer on the upper or weather
surface of the sheet.
A modification of this arrangement in the case where wood is used as a frame-
work for the roof is shown in Figures 8 & 4. In this case a pedestal M is used
having a suitable sized hole in its centre and a rounded top N, the washer D is
shaped as previously described and the screw L, X, on being screwed down home
into the wood, forces the portion of the sheet round the hole 0 to assume the raised
convex shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The use of bolts so shaped that upon tension being put on them the portion
of metal surrounding the hole in the sheet is drawn up and away from the surface
of the sheet in the manner as herein set forth and described.
2. The use of a bolt with a rounded shoulder combined with a concave washer
and nut tending to convert the concavity around the punched hole in the sheet
into a convexity more or less assuming the shape of the rounded shoulder of the
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