IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, ROLLING, OR COM- PRESSING METAL
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Charles Barnes, of the Royal Small Arms
Factory, Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, ROLLING, OR COM-
PRESSING METAL"
Sealed the 24th July 1868, and dated the 2nd February 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Charles Barnes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd February 1863.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES BARNES, of the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, ROLLING, OR COMPRESSING
METAL," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to a combination of means the object of which is
to reduce the amount of labour necessary in shaping, rolling, or compressing
metal into various forms. For this purpose there is a series of plates or discs
or sections of rolls, into each of which the figures or dies for producing the
required article are either formed or fixed, and such plates, discs, or sections
are so arranged or applied upon the shafts or spindles that they not only become
top and bottom dies but partake of the form of a pair of rollers or rolls, that
portion of each where their operation is not required, being of a diameter
suitably less in proportion to the figure of the article to be produced. These
rolls or rotatory dies are caused to work together simultaneously at the same

page_text: surface speed, and towards the article or piece of metal to be operated upon.
The bar or other form of metal to be operated upon is placed between the rolls
to the extent desired, and whilst the smaller diameters of such rolls are
opposite each other, when, so soon as the operating parts or the dies thereof
come into operation, the action is to repel the article whilst giving form to it
by pushing it back in their rotatory course towards the workman or starting
point. The position of the metal to be operated upon is adjustable by a stop,
and the carriage or holder in which the metal or article is placed is composed
of a compound slide, and on the revolution of the dies as that part comes round
for giving form, the squeezing takes place, and the metal is formed into the
figure of the operating parts as a bayonet or other article, which, being forced
back in its proper form, the machine is ready for the insertion of other metal to
be similarly operated upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Charles Barnes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHARLES BARNES, of the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Charles Barnes, Her special licence that I, the said William.
Charles Barnes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Charles Barnes, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, ROLLING, OR COMPRESSING
METAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Charles
.Barnes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Charles Barnes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and. by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
The improvements relate to a combination. of means the object of which is
to reduce the amount of labour necessary in shaping, rolling, or compressing
metal into various forms. For this purpose there is a series of plates or discs
or sections of rolls into each of which the figures or dies for producing the
required article are either formed or fixed, and such plates, discs, or sections are
so arranged or applied upon the shafts or spindles that they not only become
top and bottom dies but partake of the form of a pair of rollers or rolls; that
portion of each where their operation is not required being of a diameter
suitably less in proportion to the figure of the article to be produced. Theso
rolls or rotatory dies are caused to work together simultaneously at the same
surface speed and towards the position for holding the article or piece of metal
to be operated upon. The bar or other form of metal to be operated upon is
placed between the rolls to tho extent desired, and whilst the smaller diameters
of such rolls are opposite each other, then so soon as the operating parts or
dies come into operation, the action is to repel the article whilst giving form
to it by pushing it back in their rotatory course towards the workman or starting
point. The position of the metal to be operated upon is adjustable by stops,
and the carriage or holder in which the metal or article is placed is composed
of a compound slide, and on the revolution of the dies, as that part comes
round for giving form the squeezing or compression takes place, and the metal
is formed into the figure of the operating parts as a bayonet or other article,
which, being forced back in its proper form, the machine is ready for the insertion
of other metal to be similarly operated upon.
But that the nature of the Invention and ineans which I adopt in carrying
the same into effect may be better understood I will proceed to describe the
Drawings annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Figure 1 shows a plan, Figure 2 a front view, and Figure 3 a side view of
machinery arranged according to my improvements; Figures 4 and 5 show a
side and a front view of the upper of the pair of rolls; and Figures 6 and 7
show a side and a front view of the lower of the pair of rolls on a larger scale

page_text: In each of these views the same letters are employed to indicate corresponding
parts wherever they occur.
a, a, is the main framing; b and c are the rolls, the surfaces b and c of
which are formed with or have applied to them the figures or dies 1, 8, 5, 7,
9, 11, and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 respectively, for the purpose of producing by
their combined action the forms desired, as will presently more fully appear.
These rolls are respectively affixed to the axes or shafts d and e, so as to
revolve with those shafts, and when one of them is caused to revolve the other
is controlled to move with it at equal surface speed, by means of the wheels d
and e affixed to those axes, having their teeth geared into each other.
According to the arrangement shown motion is given to these rolls so as to
cause them to revolve in the direction of the arrow and towards the operator
in the following manner-Upon the shaft f (which is supported so as freely
to revolve in bearings a¹, a', carried by the main framing a and standard a²)
is affixed the drum or pulley g by a strap or band, acting on which pulley that
shaft receives motion from a steam engine or other suitable power. Upon the
shaft is also affixed the fly wheel f¹ and pinion f*, the teeth of which take
into the teeth of the wheel h, affixed to the axis or shaft h', which is supported
so as freely to revolve in the bearings a³, a³, of the framing a, and has affixed
to it the pinion i, the teeth of which take into the teeth of the wheel j, affixed
on the axis e of the lower roll or series of dies c. The means, however, for giving
motion to the rolls may be varied. The article to be produced is placed so as
to be held firmly on a plate k, which is formed as shown so as to be capable
of sliding backwards and forwards, or to and from the rolls in grooves on the
plate l, in order to the metal to be operated upon being placed in a position to
be acted upon by the enlarged surfaces b¹, c', of the rolls b, c, and admit of its
receding as form is given to it. The plate is also formed to slide on the
plate m, but in a direction transversely of that of the plate k, in order that the
metal may be brought opposite either of the sections of the rolls b, c, or all of
them in succession. For the sake of illustration I have supposed the article
to be produced by these dies b, c, to be a bayonet, and previous to its passing
under the operation of this apparatus it will have form given to it, as indicated
by Figure 8, or it may be that of Figure 8*, or other suitable form. The
form adopted having been heated as required, will be placed on the slide k, so
as to be held firmly by clips k¹, k³, which, as shown, are adapted to holding
the part n of a piece of metal, such as shown by Figures 8 or 8*, whilst the
part n thereof is that to be formed into the blade of the bayonet, but the
parts,, would be varied to the article to be held. The part of the
clip is fixed. stationarily on the plate k; the part turns upon the pink,

page_text: standing up from the plate k, and it has a tail piece k, which serves as a
handle by which the part may be made to close upon the article to be held,
and this pin is tapped at its upper end to receive the handle nut ko, by
which the moveable clip may be set firmly to hold the piece of metal to be
operated upon.
The workman having thus fixed the metal to the slide k, he waits till, in the
revolution of the rolls b, c, the smaller diameters 6%, c, thereof are one towards
the other, when he pushes the slide k inwards by means of the handle o, until
the end of a groove in the under side thereof comes against the fixed stop p in
the slide l, and then as the enlarged surfaces of the rolls come round the
part n will be taken between them in that pair of dies, and will be compressed
and at the same time thrust backwards.
Supposing the metal in the first operation to have been placed opposite the
pair of dies or compressing surfaces 1 and 2, the frame will now require to
be moved a short distance sideways, so as to bring the slide k with the piece of
metal to be operated upon opposite the next pair of dies or surfaces 3 and 4,
when the slide k will be moved inwards again, as already explained, and
operated in like manner by the second set of dies or surfaces 3 and 4, and so
on, until the desired amount of reduction and the particular form required has
been given to the article under operation, the metal being reheated one or
more times, as found necessary. To facilitate the sliding of the plate / on the
plate m there is affixed to the under side of the plate la rack ', the teeth of
which are taken into by the teeth of the pinion &, upon the axis P, which
turns in bearings carried by the framing m, and has affixed to it the arm l, or
it may be other suitable means by which the workman may readily turn the
axis, and effect the desired sideway motion to the frame l. 3, 5, are adjust-
able stops to regulate the amount of sideway motion to the plate l. In order
that the frame may be held opposite any of the dies or surfaces for giving
form to the article to be compressed there is applied to the frame la spring
lever 9, which turns upon a stud g¹, and has a projection * to enter one or the
other of the recesses r in the frame m.
}
According to the arrangement shown, after the article has been operated upon
by the series of pairs of dies or surfaces 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,-
11, 12, the result will be the formation of the blade n', as indicated by the side
view and plan, Figures 9 and 10, and by the sections thereof, Figures 11 and 12.
The dies or operating surfaces 1 to 12 may, if desired, be formed on or in the
surfaces of the respective rolls, or they may be formed separately, as indicated
by a section of one of them, Figure 18, so as to slide in suitable grooves in
the rolls, and be there held by set screws or other suitable means. Whilst in

page_text: action the surfaces of the rolls b, c, are kept cool by water running upon the
upper one, whilst the lower one revolves in a bath.
. Figures 14 and 15 show a side view and a front view of a pair of rolls with
the operating surfaces thereof adapted by their successive action to produce a
sword blade, such as that indicated by Figure 16, and the various sections
thereof, Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22. It will be seen that the surfaces
y, z, of these rolls in contact (adjoining where compression of the metal takes
place) pass one into the other.
I would also remark, that although I have only shown the operating parts
or dies to produce a bayonet and a sword when it is required to produce other
articles requiring to have form given to them, it will only be necessary to
alter the operating surfaces of the rolls to the forms desired to be produced,
and to apply a suitable clip to the slide k to hold the metal whilst being
operated upon.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and means which I
find to answer well in carrying the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown and described,
as these may be varied; but what I do claim is, the adaptation of means and
the mode of working when shaping, rolling, or compressing metal, substantially
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Charles Barnes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
WILLIAM CHARLES BARNES. L.S.