Improvements in or connected with and Apparatus for the Burning of Cement Making Materials, Lime, Chalk, and the like.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 25th June, 1892-Accepted, 30th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with and Apparatus for the Burning
of Cement Making Materials, Lime, Chalk, and the like.
I WILLIAM ROWLAND TAYLOR of 2 Star Hill Villas Rochester in the County
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
According to my invention I provide in connection with the furnace of the kiln
for burning cement making materials chalk limestone or the like a duplex arrange-
ment of flues provided with dampers by which each flue can be opened and closed
as required.
The flues are preferably arranged one above the other and are separated by
means of iron plates with joints made by asbestos or the like. In the upper flue
and on this floor of iron plates the bricks or blocks (preferably perforated or
corrugated) of cement material chalk limestone or the like are placed. Whilst the
cement making materials or the like are being burnt in the kiln the heat therefrom
passes through or amongst the bricks or blocks in the upper flue and drives off the
moisture therefrom and brings them up to a temperature at which carbonic acid
gas is driven off and as soon as this commences the upper flue is closed and the
lower flue is opened and the heat from the kiln passes through it and by making
the iron plates (constituting the floor of the upper flue) hot the heat is maintained
until the carbonic acid gas is driven off and then the lower flue is closed and the
upper flue is opened and the heat from the kiln is allowed to pass through the
upper flue again until the kiln is burnt out. The bricks or blocks are then ready
to be put into the kiln with fuel for fusion. Where oxygen can be obtained
economically I employ it either alone or in conjunction with other gases or with
Liquids (and shut out the air) to support the combustion of the fuel in the kiln
whilst the carbonic acid gas is being given off from the bricks.
In a kiln of dome shape for burning lime, chalk, limestone or carbonates of
any kind I may use a hood over the upper part of the kiln and provide the
fire place with a covering or coverings like a saddle boiler (or saddle boilers)
open at the end inside the kiln but with the front closed with the exception of
a pipe or pipes through which by means of a fan or forcing device carbonic acid
gas is forced from the inside of the kiln. The pipe or pipes may be passed through
the inside of the kiln so that the carbonic acid gas may be reheated in passing
through the said pipe or pipes. The saddle contains loose asbestos or the like
which is brought to a high temperature by the fire and a portion of the carbonic
acid gas is led from the kiln and forced by a fan or forcing device through the
heated asbestos or the like which keeps up the heat of the kiln until the carbonic
acid gas is driven off and whilst it is being driven off a damper on the inner side of
the saddle is shut and the hood at the upper part of the kiln is closed so as to
prevent air gaining access whilst the gas is being driven off. The kiln may be
fired in the usual way except that I preferably use coke whilst the carbonic acid
gas is being driven off and I may at this time use oxygen alone or in combination
with other gases or with liquids to support combustion, then the air is shut off from
the front of the fires and the oxygen gas is admitted. When I use oxygen gas I
do not use a portion of the carbonic acid gas to keep up the heat in the kiln as
hereinbefore mentioned whilst the gas is being given off. I prefer to work two
kilns (such as my Patent rotary kilns for burning cement making materials) at
the same time one giving off carbonic acid gas whilst the other is being filled
with fuel and bricks or blocks of cement making material. Whilst the one kiln
is being so filled the fire is burning steadily so as to bring up the temperature

page_text: of the bricks in the kiln to the temperature at which carbonic acid gas is given
off. Air is then excluded and oxygen gas is admitted as aforesaid until all the
carbonic acid gas is driven off, then the oxygen is shut off and air is admitted and
the fusion of the cement materials is completed whilst the other kiln which has
been burnt out and emptied is filled with bricks or blocks and fuel. The carbonic 6
acid gas removed by the fan or like device may be conducted to any desired
place for treatment or utilization through suitable valves controlling its passage
the said carbonic acid gas being free from nitrogen or pure or practically pure.
Dated this 26th day of September 1891.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with and Apparatus for the Burning
of Cement-making Materials, Lime, Chalk, and the like.
I WILLIAM ROWLAND TAYLOR of 2 Star Hill Villas Rochester in the County
of Kent Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
According to my invention I provide in connection with the furnaces of kilns for
burning cement making materials, chalk, limestone, or the like, a duplex arrange-
ment of flues, provided with dampers by which each flue can be opened and closed
as required. The flues are preferably arranged one above the other and are
separated which separation may be made by means of iron plates with joints made
by asbestos, or the like. In the upper flue, and on this floor of iron plates, the
bricks, or blocks, (preferably perforated, or corrugated), of cement making
material, chalk, limestone, or the like, are placed. Whilst the cement-making
materials, or the like, are being burnt in the kiln the heat therefrom passes
through, or amongst, the bricks, or blocks, in the upper flue, and drives off the
moisture therefrom and brings them up to a temperature at which carbonic acid
gas is driven off, (about 700° to 750° Fahrenheit), and as soon as this commences
the upper flue is closed, and the lower flue is opened, and the heat from the kiln
passes through it, and, by making the iron plates (constituting the floor of the
upper flue) hot, the heat is maintained until the carbonic acid gas is driven off, and
then the lower flue is closed, and the upper fiue is opened, and the heat from
the kiln is allowed to pass through the upper flue again until the kiln is burnt
out.
The bricks, or blocks, are then ready to be put into the kiln with fuel for fusion.
Where oxygen can be obtained economically, 1 employ it, either alone, or in con-
junction with other gases, or with liquids, (and shut out the air), to support the
combustion of the fuel in the kiln whilst the carbonic acid gas is being given off
from the bricks.
In a kiln of dome shape for burning lime, chalk, limestone, or carbonates of any
kind, I may use a hood over the upper part of the kiln, and provide the fire place
with a covering or with coverings, like a saddle boiler, (or saddle boilers), open at
the end inside the kiln, but with the front closed with the exception of a pipe, or
pipes, through which, by means of a fan, or forcing device, carbonic acid gas is
forced from the inside of the kiln. The pipe, or pipes, may be passed through the
inside of the kiln so that the carbonic acid gas may be reheated in passing through
the said pipe, or pipes.
The saddle contains loose asbestos, or the like, which is brought to a high
temperature by the fire, and a portion of the carbonic acid gas is led from the
kiln and forced by a fan, or forcing device, through the heated asbestos, or the like,
which keeps up the heat of the kiln until the carbonic acid gas is driven off, and

page_text: wbilst it is being driven off, a damper, on the inner side of the saddle, is shut and
the hood, at the upper part of the kiln, is closed so as to prevent air from gaining
access whilst the gas is being driven off. The kiln may be fired in the usual way
except that I preferably use coke whilst the carbonic acid gas is being driven off,
and I may at this time, use oxygen, alone, or in combination with other gases, or
with liquids, to support combustion; then the air is shut off from the front of the
fires and the oxygen gas is admitted. When I use oxygen gas I do not use a
portion of the carbonic acid gas to keep up the heat in the kiln as hereinbefore
mentioned whilst the gas is being given off. I prefer to work two kilns, (such as
my Patent rotary kilns for burning cement making materials) at the same time;
one giving off carbonic acid gas whilst the other is being filled with fuel and bricks,
or blocks, of cement-making material. Whilst the one kiln is being so filled the
fire is burning steadily so as to bring up the temperature of the bricks in the kiln
to the temperature at which carbonic acid gas is given off. Air is then excluded
and oxygen gas is admitted as. aforesaid until all the carbonic acid gas is driven
off; then the oxygen is shut off and air is admitted and the fusion of the cement
materials is completed, whilst the other kiln which has been burnt out and emptied
is filled with bricks, or blocks, and fuel.
The carbonic acid gas removed by the fan, or like device, may be conducted to
any desired place for treatment, or utilization through suitable valves controlling
its passage, the said carbonic acid gas being free from nitrogen, or pure, or
practically pure.
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a rectangular kiln constructed according to
my invention for burning cement-making materials.
Figures 2 and 3 are, respectively, a longitudinal section; and a transverse
section, of a similar kiln or it may be a dome kiln shewing a modification in the
construction of the flues and fire place and,
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively a vertical section and a front elevation of a
dome kiln constructed according to my invention.
Referring to Figure 1, A is the fire place, or kiln, in which the cement-making
materials are burnt which kiln may be of the ordinary construction used for
burning clinker for cement-making. B is the chimney, and C D are two flues, by
which the fire place, or kiln, A is connected to the chimney B. These flues are
shewn as being arranged one above the other they being separated by plates of
iron a, and each flue is provided with dampers marked E, and F respectively by
which the communication between the fire place, or kiln, A. and the chimney B can
be opened and closed as required. In the upper flue C, the bricks or blocks b of
cement-making material, are stacked they being preferably perforated and corru-
gated to facilitate the drying thereof. In commencing to work the kiln the
dampers E, of the upper flue C, are opened and the flue D is closed by the
dampers F. The fire is then started in the fire place, or kiln, A, the products of
combustion passing therefrom to the chimney 13 through the flue C, and in its
passage mingling with the bricks or blocks thereby driving therefrom the
moisture contained therein and raising them to a temperature at which carbonic
acid gas is driven off from the said bricks or blocks. When carbonic acid gas
commences to pass off, the dampers E, of the flue C, are closed and the dampers F,
of the lower flue D are opened.
The products of combustion from the fire place A, then pass through the flue D
to the chimney, and in their passage, impinge upon the floor a, and maintain the
required heat in the flue C, until the whole of the carbonic acid gas is driven off
from the bricks, or blocks, in the flue C, which carbonic acid gas passes from the
said flue by the cock c, and may be conducted by a pipe, or passage, in connection
therewith, into any suitable receiver, or other desired place. When the whole of

page_text: the carbonic acid gas has been driven off, the dampers E, are opened and heat from
the fire place, or kiln, A, is allowed to pass through the bricks, or blocks, b, until the
.kilu is burnt out.
The bricks or blocks, are then removed from the flue C, and may then be fused
with fuel in the fire place, or kiln, A, a fresh charge of moulded green bricks,
or blocks, being stacked in the flue C to be acted on in the manner described. dis
an opening in the flue C, by.which the bricks, or blocks, may be inserted and
removed.
During the time carbonic acid gas is being driven off from the bricks, or blocks,
I preferably employ, as fuel, in the fire place A, coke in combination with oxygen,
or other gas, or liquids, to support combustion. The damper F, in the flue D, nearest
the fire place is then opened and that at the opposite end of the said flue nearest
the chimney closed so that the heat from the fire place will enter the flue D, and
be retained therein so as to efficiently maintain the heat in the flue C above. The
carbonic acid gas may be drawn from the flue C by means of a fan, or exhauster,
in connection with the outlet c.
In the arrangement illustrated by Figures 2 and 3, the upper flue C, consists of
a cast iron retort open at its two opposite ends, and provided with valves, or
dampers, E, for closing the passage through the retort, when required as in the
arrangement Figure 1. These dampers, or valves, are made hollow to contain
water, or water is caused to circulate there-through, to prevent them from becoming
twisted by the heat to which they are subjected. Grooves e, are provided in the
faces of these dampers, or valves, to contain packing of asbestos, or other suitable
material, to form air tight joints between them and the ends of the retort when
in their closed position. These valves, or dampers, may be opened, and closed, by
means of hand-wheel nuts f, fitting screws g, connected to the valves, as shewn, or
by any other suitable means and there may be inclined surfaces on the valves or
dampers and on the parts in which they slide (as shewn in dotted lines) so as to
cause the said valves or dampers to be forced tightly against the retort ends as
they are closed. D is the under flue having a damper F for closing the passage
therethrough when required. The bricks, or blocks, of cement-making material
are placed in the flue, or retort, C, through the man-hole d provided with a cover d
luted when in position by a sand or lead joint h, to make it air-tight. i. is a pyro-
meter to indicate the heat in the flue C.
The heated products of combustion from the fire place, or kiln, A, are first
caused to pass through the flue, or retort, C, (the dampers E, being open, and the
damper F, in the lower flue D being closed) until carbonic acid gas commences to
pass off from the bricks, or blocks whereupon the valves or dampers E, are closed
and the damper F is opened. The products of combustion then pass through the
flue D, to the chimney circulating in its passage over the exterior surface of the
upper flue, or retort, C, so as to maintain the heat thereof at the temperature
required to drive off the carbonic acid gas from the bricks or blocks, a valve, or
damper, F, being fitted in the chimney B, to regulate the heat as required, by
governing the passage thereto of the heated products of combustion from the fire
place, or kiln, A.
When the whole of the carbonic acid gas has been expelled from the bricks or
blocks the valves, or dampers, E, are again opened to allow the products of con-
bustion from the kiln A, to pass through the retort C, until the kiln is burnt out,
the whole of the heat left in the kiln after the material therein is fused being
passed through the bricks or blocks contained in the flue or retort C.
The grate k, of the kiln A, is hinged at 1, so that, when the fusion of the
material is completed, this grate may be lowered so as to discharge the contents of
the kiln into the chamber m, below; from which it may be removed through the
doorway n. The bricks or blocks are removed from the flue C. and then fed
into the kiln A, from the top through the opening o, which is provided with
an air tight cover p, fuel being supplied to the kiln as required through the door-
way g

page_text: The apparatus may be fixed in position or be mounted on wheels, as shewn, to
render it capable of being readily transported from place to place.
The foregoing arrangement is suitable for application to existing dome kilus for
converting them into flue kilns. Figures 4 and 5 shew an arrangement according
to my invention applied to a dome kiln. To the upper part of the kiln A, I fit a
hood, or cover, p, and in the fire place I fit one, or more, (two being shewn in the
drawing), saddle-shaped chambers C closed in front and open at the rear. The
space D, between the inner, and outer walls of each of these saddles, is open at the
inner end to the interior of the kiln and is filled with loose asbestos whilst
the opposite closed end of the space is connected by a pipe r, to a fan s, by which
carbonic acid gas may be forced into the space as hereinafter described. Each
chamber C, is provided at the inner end with a valve, or damper, E, for closing the
passage there through when required. The limestones or chalk blocks are stacked
in the kiln A, and a fire being started in the saddle-shaped chambers C, (the valves,.
or dampers E, being open), the heated products of combustion therefrom pass into
the kiln A, and in their passage therethrough to the outlet o, at top, heat and dry
the material under treatment in the kiln. As soon as carbonic acid gas com-
mences to pass off from the said material, the hood, or cover, p, is lowered so as to
close air-tightly the outlet o, and the valves, or dampers, E, at the inner ends of
the chambers C, are also closed by depressing the levers t, or otherwise. The fans,
is then set in motion whereby the carbonic acid gas is drawn from the kiln A and
conducted by the pipe u, into a suitable receiver a portion of the said gas being
conducted by the pipe r into the spaces D, containing the asbestos for the purpose
of maintaining the heat of the kiln. During the time the carbonic acid gas is being
driven off all air is excluded from the kiln and coke is preferably employed as fuel
in the chambers C, together with oxygen to promote combustion, in which case the
heat of the kiln is. maintained without returning a portion of the carbonic acid gas.
to the asbestos in the spaces D.
When the whole of the carbonic acid gas is driven from the material under
treatment the hood p is raised from the outlet o and the valves, or dampers, E, are
opened so that the heat from the chambers C pass through the said material in the
kiln A, until the material is sufficiently burnt after which the burut material is
removed from the said kiln.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In combination with kilns for the purposes mentioned a duplex arrangement
of flues controlled by dampers so that the heated products from the kiln can be
passed through either flue for drying the bricks, or materials, to be burnt in the
kiln, and for obtaining carbonic acid gas therefrom; substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. In combination with such kilus an arrangement of apparatus as hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figure 1 for the purposes hereinbefore mentioned.
3. In combination with such kilns an arrangement of apparatus as hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figures 2 and 3 for the purposes hereinbefore mentioned.
4. The adaptation to, or combination with, existing dome kilns of an arrange-
ment, such as is shewn in Figure 2, for the purpose of utilizing the heat, and
collecting the carbonic acid gas from the materials under treatment.
5. A dome kiln for the purposes mentioned having in combination with it
means for excluding air and drawing off carbonic acid gas substantially as herein-
before described and shewn in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Doted thin 5th 11000
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.