AN IMPROVED TYPE-WRITING MACHINE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Evan Griffiths, of Neyland, in the County of Pembroke,
"
Minister of the Gospel, for the Invention of AN IMPROVED TYPE-WRITING
MACHINE"
ed the 12th March 1878, and dated the 14th September 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Evan Griffiths at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1877.
EVAN GRIFFITHS, of Neyland, in the County of Pembroke, Minister of the Gospel.
"AN IMPROVED TYPE-WRITING MACHINE."
"
My Invention relates to that class of type-writing machines in which the types
are carried by levers arranged in a circle so as to have a common printing point."
My improved machine is constructed and acts as follows:-The sheet of paper
to be printed upon is carried by a table mounted on horizontal guide rods, so as to
be capable of sliding sideways thereon to shift the said sheet sideways after the
printing of each letter or combination of letters. The said sheet is held by a spring
clip or by a frame mounted on the said table, so as to be capable of sliding thereon
(after the printing of each line) in a direction at right angles to that of the table's
motion. Above the said table are mounted the type levers, some of which carry
at their upper ends single letters (capitals and small letters), numerals, and stops.
The other type levers carry combinations of letters constituting short words, or
occurring as parts of words in frequent use (e.g., "and," "but," "the," "sion,"
tion," "ing," &c.). All the said type levers are mounted in an annular guide
formed with vertical grooves in which the levers lie when out of action, the said
levers thus having a common printing point." The lower ends of the said levers
are connected by rods and intermediate levers to finger keys which slide in hori-
zontal grooves at each side of the machine and are forced outwards by springs.
At suitable parts of the machine, over each key, or on each key, is painted the
letter, sign, or combination of letters which that key brings into action. At each
side of the machine, and close to the said keys, a cylinder is mounted horizontally,
so as to be capable of revolving. On the peripheries of these cylinders are formed
น
D
"

page_text: ratchet teeth. Each key when pressed inwards acts on one of the teeth of one or
other of these cylinders, i.c., when one of the right-hand keys is pushed inwards it
acts on one of the teeth of the right-hand cylinder, and when one of the left-hand
keys is pushed inwards it acts on one of the teeth of the left-hand cylinder.
Each cylinder carries a bevil toothed wheel, which wheels engage with pinions
fixed one on each end of a horizontal screw which works in a screw box affixed to
the under side of the paper table, which is thus moved sideways from right to left
through a space equal to one letter, when a key actuating a type lever, carrying a
single letter, is pressed inwards.
The keys which actuate combinations of letters are so arranged as to be capable
of being pushed inwards to such an extent as to turn their cylinder through a
space equal to that occupied by the combination of letters on the type lever which
is being depressed.
After the printing of each line the sheet of paper is shifted, so as to give the
spacing for the next line by means of the following arrangement:-A cord passes
from the clip or frame which holds the paper to and around a drum mounted on an
axis under the paper table, which drum contains a coiled spring which causes the
said drum when free to move to wind up the said cord. The said drum is furnished
with a ratchet wheel and pawl arrangement, similar to that of a clock barrel, to
allow of the paper clip or frame being drawn down prior to the commencement of
each page, which action winds up the aforesaid spring. On the said drum is fixed
a toothed wheel, so arranged relatively to an escapement and a tail piece or trigger
carried by the paper table, that when the latter is brought back to the starting
point of a fresh line, as herein-after described, the said tail piece or trigger strikes
against a fixed stop, and is thus caused to release one of the teeth of the wheel on
the drum from the pallets of the escapement, and the drum then winds up the
aforesaid cord to such an extent as to shift the paper the necessary distance for the
space between the lines. The back traverse of the table after the printing of each
line is effected by means of a cord passing over a pulley affixed to one of the afore-
said cylinders, by pulling which cord the operator causes the cylinder to rotate in
the direction necessary to reverse the motion of the bevil wheels and screw afore-
said, and thus to move the paper table back into position for the commencement
of a fresh line; or the back traverse of the table may be effected by pulling a cord
attached thereto, or in any other suitable manner.
The mechanism may (if desired) be so arranged as to ungear the screw box from
the screw on such back traverse.
The types are either inked by inking pads suitably arranged, or produce their
impression on the paper by striking upon a carbonized ribbon or a strip of
carbonized paper interposed between the said types and the paper to be printed
upon.
When inking pads are used I prefer to arrange them as follows:-I fix the said
pads on the lower ends of a series of levers, one of which is mounted opposite each
type lever.
The said pads are pressed against the said types, when the latter are
in their raised positions, by springs, and are moved out of the way of the said types
when required by means of cords, the ends of which are attached to the upper ends
of the pad levers and to the keys respectively.
Type-writing machines, constructed according to my Invention, are simple and
expeditious in action, and will print letters and other documents with capitals and
small letters,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Evan Griffiths in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th March
1878.
EVAN GRIFFITHS, of Neyland, in the County of Pembroke, Minister of the Gospel.
"AN IMPROVED TYPE-WRITING MACHINE."
My Invention relates to that class of type-writing machines in which the
types are carried by levers arranged in a circle so as to have a common printing
point.
My improved machine is constructed and acts as follows:-The sheet of paper to
be printed upon is carried by a table mounted on horizontal guide rods so as to be
capable of sliding sideways thereon, to shift the said sheet sideways after the
printing of each letter or combination of letters. The said sheet is held by a spring
clip or by a frame mounted on the said table so as to be capable of sliding thereon
(after the printing of each line), in a direction at right angles to that of the table's
motion. Above the said table are mounted the type levers, which carry at their
upper ends single letters, numerals, and stops, and which are mounted in segmental
bearings formed with vertical grooves or recesses in which the levers lie, the said
levers thus having a common printing point. The lower ends of the said levers are
connected by rods and intermediate levers to finger keys which slide horizontally in
guides at each side of the machine, and are forced outwards by springs. At suitable
parts of the machine, near or on each key, is marked the letter or sign which that
key brings into action. At each side of the machine a cylinder is mounted hori-
zontally so as to be capable of revolving. On the peripheries of these cylinders are
formed ratchet teeth. Each key when pressed inwards acts on one of the teeth of
one or other of these cylinders, i. e., when one of the right-hand keys is pushed
inwards it acts on one of the teeth of the right-hand cylinder, and when one of
the left-hand keys is pushed inwards it acts on one of the teeth of the left-hand
cylinder.
Each cylinder carries a bevil toothed wheel, which wheels engage with pinions
fixed one on each end of a screw mounted horizontally, which screw works in a
screw box affixed to the under side of the paper table, which is thus moved side-
ways from right to left through a space equal to one letter when one of the keys is
pressed inwards.
After the printing of each line the sheet of paper is shifted so as to give the
spacing for the next line by means of the following arrangement:-A cord passes
from the clip which holds the paper to and around a drum mounted on an axis
under the paper table, which drum contains a coiled spring which causes the said
drum when free to move to wind up the said cord. The said drum is furnished
with an escape wheel and escapement similar to that of a clock, the shaft carrying
the escapement being so arranged as to be capable of being raised, whereby the
pallets are disengaged from the teeth of the escapement wheel to allow of the paper
clip being drawn down prior to the commencement of each page, which action
winds up the aforesaid spring, the escapement shaft being raised so as to free the
wheel from the escapement by pulling a cord attached to a cam which acts on the
said shaft. The said escapement shaft carries a trigger which when the paper table
is being brought back to the starting point of a fresh line strikes against a fixed
stop and thus causes the release of one of the teeth of the escapement wheel, and
the drum in revolving winds up the cord connected to the paper clip to such an
extent as to shift the paper the necessary distance for the space between the lines.
After the printing of each line the table is pushed back to the starting point by
hand, the screw box being first ungeared from the screw by turning a rod which
carries a cam by which a sliding block in the said box is disengaged from the screw.

page_text: The impression on the paper is caused by the type levers striking on an inked
ribbon which lies above the paper and passes over rollers carried in bearings affixed
to the under side of the framing or table carrying the type levers, and is attached
at its ends to the paper table.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a plan, and Figure 2 is an elevation of
a type-writing machine constructed as herein-before described.
Figure 3 is an elevation of one of the frames which support the keys.
The same letters and figures of reference indicate like parts in these and in the
other Figures of the Drawings.
A is the paper table; a', a', are the horizontal guide rods on which it slides and
to which it is held by loops a², a², which embrace the said rods; B, B, are the type
levers on the heads b', b¹, of which the letters or signs are formed or affixed, the
type lever nearest the front of the machine on each side only being shown in the
elevation (Figure 2) to avoid confusion in the Drawing; C is the upper table or
frame to which the levers are jointed; 62, 63, are the axes of the said levers, which
axes lie in circular recesses formed by turning or otherwise cutting a semicircular
recess in the table C, and screwing or otherwise affixing to the under side of the
said table segments c¹, c¹, in which semicircular recesses corresponding to those in
the table C are formed; c³, c³, are the grooves or recesses in which the levers lie;
D, D, are the finger keys, on each of which is marked the letter or sign formed on
the head of the lever to which it is connected. The said keys are supported in
frames E, E, screwed to the under side of the lever table, in which frames the said
keys are capable of sliding independently, and are connected to the type levers by
rods d', d, cranked levers d², d, and other rods d³, d³, by means of which when a
key is pressed inwards the type lever connected to it is actuated; d, d, are springs
which bear at one end against shoulders do, do, formed on the under side of the keys,
and at the other end against ribs e', e', formed on the under side of the frames E, E,
the said springs being kept in position by rods do, do, screwed or driven into the
shoulders d on the keys D, and passing freely when the keys are actuated through
holes e, e, in the ribs e', e¹, of the frames E, E; d7, d, are rods, the ends d³, d³, of
which are turned down and rest in slots or notches es, e³, in the ends of the
frames E, E; do, do, are springs which bear on the said rods and press them on the
keys D, D, which are thereby kept in or restored to their horizontal positions in the
frames after being actuated.
The positions of the frames E, E, the keys D, D, and the rods and levers con-
necting them to the type levers are precisely the same on both sides of the
machine, but for the sake of clearness are indicated in the plan by dotted lines in
one half only; F, F, are the cylinders mounted one on each side of the machine,
and capable of revolving freely with their trunnions f¹, f¹, which work in pillars
g, gl, which support the upper table or frame C, and connect it to the base G; f,fε,
are ratchet teeth formed on the cylinders F, F, with which teeth the keys D, D, engage
when pushed inwards; H, H, are bevil toothed wheels affixed to the cylinders F, F;
I, I, are the pinions with which the said wheels engage, and J is the screwed shaft
on which the said pinions are mounted, the shaft J being supported by bearings j¹,j',
screwed to the base G. The screwed shaft J passes through a screw box a³ affixed
to the under side of the paper table, and is engaged with the said screw box, or is
disengaged therefrom by turning the shaft a' by its handle a, the cam a³ on which
shaft raises or lowers the sliding block aº, so as to press the upper face of the said
block (which is cut with a thread corresponding to that of the screw shaft J)
against or to withdraw it from the said shaft; K is the spring barrel or drum
mounted in bearings k, k', screwed to the under side of the paper table A; k³ is the
escapement wheel carried by the said drum; is the escapement; is the escape-
ment shaft; 5 is the trigger affixed to the said shaft, the lower end kº of which
trigger is jointed so as to be capable of turning in one direction without actuating
the shaft, the said jointed end being kept in place by a spring k²; k³ is a spring
affixed at one end to an arm k on the trigger, and at the other end to a pin k

page_text: in the bearing k of the spring drum K; k¹¹ is a cam turning on a pin carried by
the bearing ; k¹³ is a slot in the said cam through which the escapement shaft k
passes; is a spring affixed at one end to the said cam, and at the other end to a
pin in the bearing k; k16 is a cord which is attached at one end to the cam k¹¹,
and passes through eyes k¹, 17, screwed into the under side of the table A, and
ends in a knob 18, which projects from the front of the said table; a³ is a slotted
bearing screwed to the under side end of the table A, in which bearing works the
shaft, the free end of which lies under the front part of the said table, and has
affixed to it a trigger k¹º.
The arrangement of the spring barrel escapement, and parts in connection there-
with, is shown separately, drawn to a larger scale in Figures 9 and 10, Figure 9
being an end elevation and Figure 10 a side elevation thereof. L is the inked
ribbon, part of which lies above the table A, and passes over rollers c³, c³, working
in bearings c, c, secured to the under side of the upper table C, the ends being
attached to the said table by elastic cords U, U, which pass over hooks a, a, screwed
or driven into the sides of the table. By this means the ribbon is kept in tension;
g is a stop or projection formed on or affixed to the base G, against which stop or
projection the end of the trigger strikes, and by which it is actuated when
the table A is traversed from left to right. M is the paper clip by which the upper
edge of the paper to be printed on is held; m² is a cord attached at one end to the
clip M, and at the other end to the spring drum K, around which is wound the
said cord which passes from the clip to the barrel through a hole a in the
table A.
The keys D*, D*, are connected with levers, and when pressed inwards merely
act on the ratchet barrels, thereby moving the table A, and the paper thereon
sufficiently to leave the necessary spaces between the words or figures.
The action of this machine is as follows:-The upper edge of the paper to be
printed on is placed in the clip M, which is drawn towards the operator until that
part of the paper which is first to be printed on is brought to the “printing point,"
the inked ribbon lying above the paper. In order to release the escapement wheel
² on the barrel K from the escapement to allow the paper clip M to be pulled
forward and the cord m¹ unwound from the barrel K, the knob 18 attached to the
cord k¹ is pulled, the slotted cam k¹ being thereby caused to rise, carrying with it
the escapement shaft . The pallets of the escapement are thus removed from
the teeth of the escapement wheel ³, and the barrel is free to turn. The paper
being adjusted the keys bearing the letters or signs to be printed are successively
pressed inwards, the inward motion of each key acting through the rods d', d, and
levers d² on the type lever connected to it, and causing the said type lever to be
brought down sharply, the head bearing the type striking the inked ribbon and
thus producing an impression of the said type on the paper. As each key moves
inwards its inner end acts on one of the teeth of one of the ratchet barrels F, F, and
causes it to turn through a portion of a revolution, which motion being communi-
cated through the bevil wheels H, H, and pinions I, I, to the screwed shaft J causes
the table A to advance sufficiently to bring a fresh portion of the paper to the
printing point ready to receive the impression of the type when the type lever
descends. On the keys D, D, being released the springs d, d, force them outwards,
their outward motion restoring the type levers B, B, to their vertical position
through the medium of the rods d', d', d³, d³, and levers d², d². The springs do, do,
allow the keys D, D, to rise as they pass over the teeth f, f, of the ratchet barrels
F, F, without acting thereon, and press the said keys down into their places as they
near the end of their outward stroke. As the table A moves sideways at each stroke
a relatively fresh portion of the inked ribbon is brought over the paper to be printed.
When one line is finished the cam shaft at is turned and the sliding block a in the
screw box as is thereby disengaged from the screwed shaft J; the table A is then
pushed back to its starting point, and the sliding block a is re-engaged with the

page_text: screw J by turning the cam shaft at in the reverse direction. The paper is then in
position for the next line to be printed, it having been automatically shifted up the
space of one line during the traverse of the table by the engagement of the trigger
with the stop or projection g², which engagement causes the pallets of the
escapement to be brought into such a position as to allow the escapement wheel
and the spring drum K to revolve sufficiently to slightly wind up the cord m¹,
thereby pulling up the paper the requisite distance. When the paper on the table
is being printed (ie., while the table is moving from right to left) this action does
not take place owing to the end of the trigger k turning on its joint and so
passing without acting on the escapement. When it is required to shift the paper
endwise without moving the table A, the shaft k is partly turned by pulling the
trigger sideways, by which means the spring barrel is liberated and caused to
wind up the cord m', and so draw up the paper clip M and the paper held thereby.
When a space is required between words or letters one of the keys D*, D*, is pressed.
Instead of using an inked ribbon for producing the impression of the types on the
paper, a sheet of "carbonized" paper may be laid over the paper to be printed on,
or the types may be inked by pads suitably arranged.
When inking pads are used I prefer to arrange them as follows:-I fix them on
the lower ends of a series of levers, one of which is mounted opposite each type lever.
The said pads are pressed against the said types when the latter are in their raised
positions by springs, and are moved out of the way of the said types when required
by means of cords, the ends of which are attached to the upper ends of the pad levers
and to the keys respectively.
Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawings is a plan of part of a type-writing
machine showing the arrangement of the said inking pads, and Figure 5 is a vertical
section taken on the line 1, Figure 4. In the said section, Figure 5, those parts
only are shown which lie on the line of section or which are in immediate connection
with such parts. The arrangement of all the parts, illustrated in the said Figures
4 and 5, except the inking pads and parts connected therewith, are the same as in
the machine, illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. They therefore do not need further
description. N, N, are the levers, to the lower ends of which pads n¹ of felt or other
suitable absorbent material are affixed. O is a table mounted on pillars or otherwise
suitably supported above the table C. To the said table O the levers N, N, are
jointed in the manner herein-before described with reference to the levers B, B, and
table C (Figures 1 and 2), the wire n², which forms the joints or fulcra of the said
levers, lying in a recess formed partly in the under side of the table O and partly in
a segment screwed thereto; n³, n³, are cords, each of which is attached at one
end to one of the levers N, N, and at the other end to one of the levers P, P,
which work on a rod p¹ supported by brackets (not shown in the Drawing)
formed on or affixed to the under side of the table O, the upper ends of the
said levers working through slots or notches of cut in the said table; p³, p³,
are cords, and 23, p³, are springs by which the connection of the levers N, N, to the
keys is completed, the said cords being attached to eyes d¹º screwed into the keys D,
and the springs p³, p³, being attached to the levers P, P; m, n, are springs by which
the levers N, N, (when the parts of the machine are at rest) are caused to press the
inking pads n', n', against the faces of the types on the heads of the levers B, B;
c is a rod supported by arms or brackets c, c, formed on or affixed to the table
C, over which rod the cords 22 pass and by which they are brought into the
position necessary to act on the levers N, N, when the keys are actuated.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:- -When one of the keys D, D, is
pressed inwards to actuate the type lever connected with it the pad n¹ is removed
from the face of the type and out of the path of motion of the type lever B by
the key D, which acts on the lever N through the cords n³ and p³ and the lever P,
the levers N and P being so arranged that the pad shall move at a quicker rate
than the type. The office of the spring p³ is to allow of the continued motion of the

page_text: key D after the lever N has been brought into such a position that it cannot yield
further to the strain on the cord n³. On releasing the key D the parts are brought
to their normal positions by the action of the springs d*, n*, and p³.
When the ink is exhausted from the pads they may be re-charged by rubbing
them with a brush or sponge saturated with ink, preferably of the kind ordinarily
used with india-rubber stamps.
Figure 6 is an elevation (partly in section, as herein-after described) of a modi-
fication of my Invention; Figure 7 is a plan of the said modification, with the
upper plate removed; and Figure 8 is a plan of the said upper plate separately,
the back of the machine being represented as turned towards the reader in Figure 6,
and the front in Figures 7 and 8.
In this modification the levers B, B, carrying the types 6', 6', are hinged to the
frame C, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, but are actuated by rods
jointed above the fulcra b³, 62, instead of by rods jointed to the said levers below
the fulcra, and connected to sliding keys and the types 61, 61, instead of being
rigidly fixed to or forming part of the heads or free ends of the levers B, B, are
jointed thereto, and so actuated by cords or wires attached to the said types and
to the frame C as to be caused to turn on their joints when the said levers are
actuated, the faces of the said types being thereby caused to strike the paper when
they are depressed and to strike against fixed linking pads when out of action.
Bars mounted on vibratory or rocking standards are so arranged relatively to
catches or fingers on the rods jointed to the type levers, that when any one of the
said rods is pushed inwards the said standards are caused to vibrate or rock, and
(by the action of a pawl jointed to one of them) give motion to a ratchet barrel on
which is formed a bevil wheel, as herein-before described with respect to Figures 1
and 2, which bevil wheel gives motion through the screwed shaft J to the paper
table A; 63, 63, are the rods jointed to the levers B, B, at b*, b*; and 65, 66, are pro-
jections formed on or affixed to the said rods for the purpose herein-after described.
Two only of the said rods (one on each side of the machine) are shown in the
elevation, Figure 6, in order that the action of the parts of the machine may be
clearly seen. Qis a table or frame (shown separately in plan in Figure 8), sup-
ported above the table C by standards Q1, Q', screwed thereto and to the table or
frame Q, in which table or frame Q holes are formed through which the rods b³, b³,
pass, the projecting upper ends being provided with heads or buttons 66, 66. To
the upper part of the table Q are secured plates q', q', on which are painted, or
otherwise marked, letters and signs corresponding with those carried by the levers
B, B, and inking pads consisting of a metal backing 92, 93, to which are secured
layers of felt or other suitable material q³, q³, saturated with ink, the said pads
9, 9, 9, q, being secured to the said table by screws q, q', with milled heads,
which screws pass through slots 9, 95. This arrangement admits of the said pada
being shifted when it is necessary to bring a fresh portion of the saturated felt to
the types. In the elevation, Figure 6, the table or frame Q is shown in section
on the line 2, Figure 8; 67, 67, are the joint pins connecting the types b', b¹, to the
levers B, B; and 68, 68, are the cords or wires by which the said types are caused to
turn on the said pins, each of the said cords or wires being attached at one end to
eyes 6º, 6º, fixed in the types b', 6', and passing through eyes 610, 610, fixed in the
levers B, B, and being attached at their other ends to eyes c, c, fixed in the table C;
6, 6, are springs, each of which is attached at one end to one of the types b¹, b',
and at the other end to the levers B, B, which springs keep the cords or wires in
tension; R, R, R*, R*, are the rocking standards working in bearings, r, and
having affixed to them at their upper ends bars 23, 7²; ³ ³ are springs by which
the said standards after being actuated are restored to their normal positions; r³ is
the pawl jointed to a rod 75, affixed to the standard R, which pawl engages with
ratchet teeth 8', 81, formed on the barrel S, the trunnions of which work in
bearings 83, 83, which barrel has formed on or affixed to it the bevil wheel H, by

page_text: which motion is communicated to the pinion I and screw shaft J, and thence to the
paper table A, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2; 6, 7, are cords,
each of which is attached at one end to the standard R, R, and passes over a
pulley co, and is attached at the other end to the standard R*, R*. By this arrange-
ment when one of the levers B, B, on that side of the machine represented on the
right hand in the elevation, Figure 6, is pushed inwards, the standard R*, R*, is
caused to rock by the engagement of the catch 65 on the rod with the bar
mounted on the said standard, and the standard R, R, on the other side of the
machine being pulled forward by the cords 76, 70, is also caused to rock, and motion
is thus given to the ratchet barrel S by the motion of any one of the rods b³, 65;
a10, a10, are slips of wood or other material jointed to the table A by links a", all
so as to be capable of being advanced towards or withdrawn from the centre of the
said table. These slips rest on the edges of the paper to be printed on and tend to
keep it flat, the slips being drawn towards the centre of the table to accommodate
a small sheet, and pushed towards the sides of the table when a large sheet is placed
under them.
The arrangement of all other parts of the machine is similar to that herein-before
described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
The method of using and the action of the modified machine are as follows:
The paper having been arranged as herein-before described, those of the rods b³, b³,
which are connected to the levers carrying the types corresponding with the letters
or signs to be impressed on the paper are successively pressed, the downward
motion of each rod causing the lever B, and type b' connected to it, to assume the
positions indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 6, and by the engagement of the
finger or catch b³ on the bar 73, also causing the pawl to act on the ratchet s¹,
from which motion is communicated to the paper table A, as herein-before described.
On the pressure being removed from the rods 6s, 63, the springs ³, 2³, and 611, 611,
cause the parts to resume the positions shown in Figure 6, the types in this position
resting on the inked felt q³ of the inking pads q², q
This machine, like that herein-before described, should be furnished with a
spacing key (not shown), i.e., a key which on being pushed inwards acts only on
the ratchet barrel.
Although in the Drawings of the machines herein-before described I have (for
the sake of clearness) shown only a sufficient number of type levers for one
alphabet, besides numerals and other requisite signs, my machines may be made
with a greater number of type levers, which admits of the use of capitals as well as
small letters, and of combinations of letters constituting short words or parts of
words in frequent use, such as "and," "but," "the," "sion," "tion," "ing." In the
latter case the keys or rods actuating the levers must be so arranged as to give
sufficient motion to the ratchet barrels, to cause the paper table to move a sufficient
distance to give the necessary spacing.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
the precise details herein-before described, as they may be varied without departing
from the nature of my said Invention; but I claim as my said Invention,-
Firstly. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting my
improved type-writing machine, that is to say, arranging in conjunction with type
levers working in segmental guides, sliding finger keys, by which the said levers
are actuated, and arranging in conjunction with the said keys ratchet barrels,
toothed wheels, and a screw working in a screw box affixed to the paper table, by
means of which mechanism the said keys when actuated are caused to impart the
necessary sideway traverse to the paper table, the paper being shifted endwise on
the said table by means of a spring barrel furnished with an escapement, arranged
as and for the purposes herein-before described.
Secondly. The use of inking pads in type-writing machines, essentially as and
for the purpose herein-before described.

page_text: Thirdly. The use in type-writing machines of the mechanism, herein-before
described and separately illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying
Drawings, for shifting the paper endwise after the printing of each line.
In witness whereof, I, the said Evan Griffiths, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
H. H. MURDOCH,
Staple Inn,
London.
EVAN GRIFFITHS. (L.S.)