Improvements in Apparatus used in the Manufacture of Sanitary Pipes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 8th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 20th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus used in the Manufacture of
Sanitary Pipes.
We HEMAN COULTHURST, JESHURUN COULTHURST, and ARMENA COULT-
HURST all of Robert Street Foundry Darwen in the County of Lancaster,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus used in the manufacture of socketted
earthenware sanitary pipes, and the object is to improve the die through which the
clay is forced and in which the socket of the pipe is formed; and to apply to the
said die means for cutting off the length of pipe when formed.
It is well known to manufacturers of the above class of earthenware pipe that
cracks frequently occur in the socket owing to the clay, splitting or dividing when
forced down through the narrow neck of the die into the enlarged mouth which
forms the socket. Air enters these splits or cracks and cannot be expelled merely
by the force of the pressure upon the clay as the latter is contained between the
metal core and the die in a practically air tight space, and thus cracks are formed
in the finished pipes, spoiling or decreasing the value of the same. The appearance
of the pipe is also frequently spoiled in severing the same from the rest of the clay
in the die of the machine.
In order to remedy these defects we form an annular groove or channel of
suitable width and depth in the interior surface of the vertical wall of the socket
part of the die, and into this groove or channel we place a ring or packing of
porous wood; we groove the bottom of the channel and preferably the correspond-
ing or outer surface of the wooden ring or packing so as to form narrow inner
channels or air space rings and we form a series of (say six or more) openings
leading from the groove or channel first named to the outside of the die. We
cover the inner surface of the wooden ring or packing and preferably the top
thereof and the lower part of the interior of the die with a strip or strips of porous
felt, flannel, fustian cloth or other similar porous material.
By these means, although the clay may split or divide as it spreads into the
socket part of the die, the clay following down owing to the hydraulic or other
force above will close up all the cracks and completely fill the socket of the die,
forcing the air into and through the porous fabric covering the wooden ring and
through the latter and the perforations or openings in the die.
The fabric above named is oiled so that the socket of clay will readily leave the
die when the rest of the pipe is formed. Air can then enter the socket part of the
die through the above named openings or through special valves if preferred.
We also cast or fix around the outside of the lower end of the die a ring or
flange of suitable width upon which we mount (so that it can slide thereon) by
preference a loose ring, or a segment or segments of a circle of similar diameter
and suitable strength, and upon this ring or segment we fix a cutting blade or
blades provided with a handle and cranked down so as to extend (when applied)
beneath the mouth of the die and then to pass upwards to the level of the bottom
of the " core of the pipe making machine, and lastly to extend inwards for a
suitable distance to cut quite through the thickness of the clay pipe as hereafter
described.
"
We prefer to employ a ring as before stated and to mount a pair of knives or
blades thereon in the following manner.
The ring is made of two halves or semi-circles joined together by two brackets.
Each of these brackets is made or provided with two outwardly projecting fingers

page_text: or a slotted lug immediately above which is a socket or bush on a level with the
bottom of the "core" of the pipe making machine.
Each knife or blade cranked as above described is provided with an inwardly
projecting pin (forming by preference a continuation of the handle), and when the
required length of pipe has been formed the knife is brought into such a position
that this pin can be inserted into the socket or bush, and upon so inserting the said
pin the knife or blade makes an incision into the clay exactly on a level with the
bottom of the core, beneath which the end of the knife is passed for a short
distance.
A knife having been mounted as above described in each of the sockets which
are diametrically opposite to each other, the handles are pushed, by two attendants,
round the die, the loose ring moving on the fixed flange and thus guiding the knives
in a perfectly level plane and the projecting fingers (between which the knives are
held) preventing the latter from turning or twisting sideways.
When the ring has made little more than half a revolution round the die the
pipe will be completely detached and the cut end will be perfectly true.
It will be evident that with our improved apparatus the sockets will be formed
without cracks and no spoilt or inferior pipes will be made by badly cut ends.
Dated this 8th day of March 1893.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Apparatus used in the Manufacture of
Sanitary Pipes.
We HEMAN COULTHURST, JESHURUN COULTHURST, and ARMENA COULT-
HURST all of Robert Street Foundry Darwen in the County of Lancaster,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :--
This invention relates to apparatus used in the manufacture of socketted earthen-
ware sanitary pipes, and the object is to improve the die through which the clay is
forced and in which the socket of the pipe is formed; and to apply to the said
die means for cutting off the length of pipe when formed.
It is well known to manufacturers of the above class of earthenware pipe that
cracks frequently occur in the socket owing to the clay splitting or dividing when
forced down through the narrow neck of the die into the enlarged mouth which
forms the socket. Air enters these splits or cracks and can not be expelled merely
by the force of the pressure upon the clay as the latter is contained between the
metal core and the die in a practically air tight space, and thus cracks are formed
in the finished pipes, spoiling or decreasing the value of the same.
The appearance
of the pipe is also frequently spoiled in severing the same from the rest of the clay
in the die of the machine.
Our invention is intended to remedy these defects and the same will be readily
understood from the following description on reference to the accompanying
drawings,
Fig. 1 being a vertical section and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of so much of a
die and core, and part of a pipe as is necessary to illustrate our invention.
In the first place we form an annular groove or channel (seen at Fig. 1) of
suitable width and depth in the interior surface of the vertical wall of the socket
part a of the die and into this groove or channel we place a ring or packing 6 of
porous wood or other suitable porous material, or fabric we prefer to groove the
bottom of the channel and the corresponding or outer surface of the wooden ring

page_text: or packing b as seen at Fig. 1 so as to form narrow inner channels or air space
rings c and we form a series of (say six or more) openings a leading from the
groove or chaunel first named to the outside of the die a. We cover the inver
surface of the wooden ring or packing and preferably the top thereof and the
lower part of the interior of the die with a strip e or strips of porous felt, flannel
fustian cloth or other similar porous material.
By these means, although the clay may split or divide as it spreads into the
socket part a of the die, the clay following down owing to the hydraulic or other
force above will close up all the cracks and completely fill the socket a of the die,
forcing the air into and through the porous fabric e covering the wooden ring b and
through the latter (or other suitable packing) and the perforations or openings d
in the die.
The fabric e above named is oiled so that the socket of clay will readily leave
the die when the rest of the pipe is formed, air can then enter the socket part of
the die through the above named openings or through a special valve ƒ (or valves)
if preferred.
We also cast or fix around the outside of the lower end of the die a a ring or
flange a of suitable width upon which we mount (so that it can slide thereon)
by preference a loose ring g or a segment or segments of a circle of similar
diameter and suitable strength, and upon this ring g or segment we fix a cutting
blade or blades provided with a handle and cranked down so as to extend
(when applied) beneath the mouth of the die a and then to pass upwards to the
level of the bottom of the core i of the pipe making machine, and lastly to extend
inwards for a suitable distance to cut quite through the thickness of the clay pipe k
as hereafter described.
We prefer to employ a ring y as before stated and to mount a pair of knives or
blades thereon in the following manner.
The ring is made of two halves or semi-circles joined together by two
brackets see Fig. 2. Each of these brackets 2 is made or provided with two
outwardly projecting fingers or a slotted lug 43 immediately above which is a
socket or bush on a level with the bottom of the core of the pipe making machine
(see Fig. 1).
Each knife or blade cranked as above described is provided with an inwardly
projecting pin (forming by preference a continuation of the handle h' as shewn)
and when the required length of pipe & has been formed the knife is brought into
such a position that this pin can be inserted into the socket or bush, and upon so
inserting the said pin the knife or blade h makes an incision into the clay exactly
on a level with the bottom of the core i, beneath which the end of the knife is
passed for a short distance, as seen at Fig. 1.
A knife having been mounted as above described in each of the sockets which
are diametrically opposite to each other, the handles are pushed, by two
attendants, round the die a the loose ring g moving on the fixed flange a¹ and thus
guiding the knives in a perfectly level plane and the projecting fingers h³
(between which the knives are held) preventing the latter from turning or twisting
sideways.
The
When the ring g has made little more than half a revolution round the die a
the pipe k will be completely detached and the cut end will be perfectly true.
knives h are then removed for pressing the next pipe.
It will be evident that with our improved apparatus the sockets will be formed
without cracks and no spoilt or inferior pipes will be made by badly cut ends.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A die for the manufacture of earthenware sanitary pipes having a groove in
the vertical wall of its socket part, in which is fitted a packing of wood, or other
porous material with or without a covering of felt or similar material, the said

page_text: groove communicating with the outside of the die by means of suitable air outlets
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2. A dic for the manufacture of earthenware sanitary pipes having a flange
around the bottom. thereof upon which slides a ring or a segment of a ring carrying
a cutting knife or knives cranked upwards to the bottom of the core substantially
as and for the purposes herein before described.
Dated this 7th day of December 1893.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicants.