Improvements in Motion Transmitting Apparatus for Motors.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motion Transmitting Apparatus for Motors.
We, PAUL LOUIS MAURICE CARON and HENRI LÉON MAILLARD, both of 95,.
Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a novel method of transmitting motion which is
more especially intended for use with explosive motors and particularly with
those applied to motor vehicles.
The characteristic features of our invention are to permit, without any dis-
engagement, of:
1. Obtaining, without causing the speed of the motor to vary, the variation
of the factors; couple and speed in the power transmitted to the resistance.
2. To increase the mean couple of the motor when the mean couple of the
resistance increases.
In order that our invention may be clearly and readily understood, we have
represented our novel method for the transmission of motion, by way of example,
in the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a theoretical view enabling the principle upon which our inven-
tion is based to be clearly explained.
Figure 2 is a vertical section through a motor operated by an explosive
mixture and provided with our transmission mechanism.
We will first of all consider the principle upon which our invention rests:
Suppose a lever ABC to which is normally applied at A the power M, and
at B the resistance R, C being the point of support of which the resistance
is P. The force M balances a force R M. If instead of the point C being
==
AC
BC
fixed, it is allowed to be displaced whilst still exerting its reaction P, there
will be a certain point 1 which, between the position ABC and the adjacent
position ABC, will not have moved, and which consequently may be con-
sidered as fixed. If under these conditions we subtract the effort necessary
at A for causing the point C to recede (it will be seen hereinafter that this effort
is recuperated) the same force M applied at A will balance a force R' equal
to MX DB greater than R, but the displacement of R¹ will be smaller than
that of R for an equal displacement of M. We have thus transmitted an equal
amount of work whilst varying the factors force and displacement, thereby
fulfilling the desideratum expressed above in Paragraph 1.
DA
In order to recover the retirement of the point C, as we are dealing with an
explosion motor for which air must be compressed, it is only necessary to apply
the air pump at the point C; it will then serve as a point of support. The motor
of course occupies the position A, and the resistance R which is to be overcome
occupies the position B.
It will be seen that the displacement of the point of support is thus com-
017

page_text: pensated for since the air compressed in the pump expands in the driving cylinder.
It is also apparent that the larger the resistance R and the smaller its displace-
ment, the greater will be the effort exerted upon the pump and also its displace-
ment; its compressive action being correspondingly increased. If the quantity
of the mixture admitted to the motor remains constant, whatever the resistance
may be, merely expanding the excess of air, the conditions of the first paragraph
above referred to will be realised purely and simply; but we are likewise able to
make an explosive mixture with this excess of air and increase the admission
of the mixture by a piston stroke, thereby increasing the driving couple at the
same time as the resisting couple, and thus realise the conditions of the second
paragraph.
In practice our appliance is constituted in the following manner:
We adopt a differential gear either of bevelled pinions, as shewn in Figure 2,
or of flat pinions. The driving cylinder is arranged at E and actuates a crank
shafte upon which is rigidly fixed the bevel pinion f. A second bevel pinion fl
is rigidly fixed upon another crank shaft e having the same geometrical axis
as the shaft c and operating the pump E' in which suction and compression is
produced. The two other phases, that is to say the explosion and exhaust, taking
place, of course, within the driving cylinder E.
Upon the two shafts e e¹ are able to rotate freely two discs g g¹ connected by a
cylindrical cage or casing H which either forms a pulley or is provided with
teeth upon its periphery, in such a manner that it is able to transmit, either by
means of a belt or of gear wheels, the action of the motor to the machine tool
or other resistance. Upon this cylindrical cage H is radially fixed a shaft h
upon which is loosely mounted a bevel pinion which meshes with the pinions f
and f. If the piston of the pump E remained fixed, the pinion f_ would cause
the pinion to roll upon the pinion f¹, thus driving the pulley H at a speed
one half that of the pinion f. But the pinion f¹ is acted upon by a force which
causes it to rotate in the reverse direction to the rotation of the pinion f, 80
much the more rapidly as its reaction is less strong or as the counter action of
the resistance applied upon the pulley H is stronger, and thus diminishes the
speed of the pulley H by the same amount. It should be noticed that, as the
pump and the motor do not work synchronously, we have arranged between
them an intermediate reservoir I which serves as an air chamber. This reserve
compressed air, which enables us to introduce the combustible during the whole
of the admission period, presents various advantages.
1. The admission may be modified.
2. The combustion of the liquid combustible may be effected in proportion as
it enters, whereby more complete combustion and greater continuity of action
results.
3. It is no longer requisite to use a volatile liquid; any combustible liquid
may be employed.
Improvements in Motion Transmitting Apparatus for Motors.
We, PAUL LOUIS MAURICE CARON and HENRI LÉON MAILLARD, both of 95,
Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare

page_text: the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement;-
This invention relates to a novel method of transmitting motion which is
more especially intended for use with explosive mixture motors, and particularly
with those applied to motor vehicles.
The characteristic features of our invention are to permit, without any dis-
engagement, of: (1) Obtaining, without causing the speed of the motor to vary
the variation of the factors; force and displacement in the power transmitted to
the resistance. (2) To increase the mean couple of the motor when the mean
couple of the resistance increases.
In order that our invention may be clearly and readily understood, we have
represented our novel method for the transmission of motion, by way of example,
in the drawing left with our Provisional Specification in which:
Figure is a theoretical view enabling the principle upon which our inven-
tion is based to be clearly understood. :
Figure 2 is a vertical section through a motor operated by an explosive
mixture and provided with our transmission mechanism.
= M
AC
BC
.
We will first of all consider the principle upon which our invention rests:
Suppose a lever ABC to which is normally applied at A the power M, and
at B the resistance R, C being the point of support of which the reaction
is P. The force M balances a force R
If instead of the point C being
fixed, it is allowed to be displaced whilst still exerting its reaction P, there
will be a certain point 1) which, between the position ABC and the adjacent
position ABC, will not have moved, and which consequently may be con-
sidered as fixed. If under these conditions we subtract the effort necessary
at A for causing the point C to recede (it will be seen hereinafter that this effort
is recuperated) the same force M applied at A will balance a force. R¹ equal
DA-
to MDB greater than R, but the displacement of R' will be smaller than
that of R for an equal displacement of M. We have thus transmitted an equal
amount of work whilst varying the factors force and displacement, thereby
fulfilling the desideratum expressed above in Paragraph 1.
In order to recover the retirement of the point C, as we are dealing with an
explosion motor for which air must be compressed, it is only necessary to apply
the air pump at the point C, it will then serve as a point of support. The motor
of course occupies the position A, and the resistance R which is to be overcome
occupies the position B.
It will be seen that the displacement of the point of support is thus com-
pensated for since the air compressed in the pump expands in the driving cylinder.
It is also apparent that the larger the resistance R and the smaller its displace-
ment, the greater will be the effort exerted upon the pump and also its displace-
ment; its compressive action being correspondingly increased. If the quantity
of the mixture admitted to the motor remains constant, whatever the resistance
may be, merely expending the excess of air, the conditions of the first paragraph
above referred to will be realised purely and simply; but we are likewise able to
make an explosive mixture with this excess of air and increase the admission
of the mixture by a piston stroke, thereby increasing the driving couple at the
same time as the resisting couple, and thus realise the conditions of the second
paragraph.
In practice our appliance is constituted in the following manner:
We adopt a differential gear either of bevelled pinions, as shewn in Figure 2,
or of flat pinions. The driving cylinder is arranged at E and actuates a crank
shaft e upon which is rigidly fixed the bevel pinion f. A second bevel pinion fi
is rigidly fixed upon another crank shaft e having the same geometrical axis
as the shaft e and operating the pump E' in which suction and compression is

page_text: produced. The two other phases, that is to say the explosion and exhaust, taking
place of course, within the driving cylinder E.
Upon the two shafts e c¹ are able to rotate freely two discs g g¹ connected by a
cylindrical cage or casing H which either forms a pulley or is provided with-
teeth upon its periphery, in such a manner that it is able to transmit, either by
means of a belt or of gear wheels, the action of the motor to the machine tool
or other resistance. Upon this cylindrical cage H is radially fixed a shaft h
upon which is loosely mounted a bevel pinion h which meshes with the pinions f
and If the piston of the pump E' remained fixed, the pinion would cause
the pinion to roll upon the pinion f', thus driving the pulley H at a speed
one half that of the pinion f. But the pinion f is acted upon by a force which
causes it to rotate in the reverse direction to the rotation of the pinion f, so
much the more rapidly as its resistance is less strong or as the counter action of
the resistance applied upon the pulley H is stronger, and thus diminishes the
speed of the pulley H by the same amount. It should be noticed that, as the
pump and the motor do not work synchronously, we have arranged between
them an intermediate reservoir I which serves as an air chamber. This reserve of
compressed air, which enables us to introduce the combustible during the whole
of the admission period, presents various advantages.
1. The admission may be modified.
2. The combustion of the liquid combustible may be effected in proportion as
it enters, whereby more complete combustion and greater continuity of action
results.
:
3. It is no longer requisite to use a volatile liquid, any combustible liquid
may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is;-
1. A method of and mechanism for transmitting motion for hydrocarbon
motors, above described, and specially characterised by the fact that the point of
support of the system is able to effect a retrocession which is variable and
recuperated, for the purpose of obtaining the variation of the factors couple and
speed, and increasing the driving effort at the same time that the resistance to
be overcome increases; the said transmission mechanism consisting of any suit-
able device, such as a lever or the like, and particularly of a differential mechanism
one of the pinions of which is driven directly from a driving cylinder in which
the explosion and exhaust take place; while the other pinion drives a pump
in which the suction and compression takes place, the motor and the pump being
in communication with a reservoir within which the pump compresses air with
the object of recuperating the loss of energy produced by the displacement of
the point of application of the resistance; the travelling pinion of course causing a
pulley or gear wheel transmitting motion to the machines to be operated, to
participate in its movement of rotation, substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 29th day of April 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.