Iм- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING MOULDS OR MATRICES EMPLOYED IN CASTING METALS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William White, of Adelaide Street, South Shields,.
in the County of Durham, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING MOULDS OR MATRICES
EMPLOYED IN CASTING METALS."
Sealed the 2nd July 1858, and dated the 21st January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William White, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1858.
I, WILLIAM. WHITE, of Adelaide, Street, South Shields, in the County:
of Durham, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING MOULDS OR
MATRICES EMPLOYED IN CASTING METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for ramming the sand or other material round" the
pattern used in preparing the mould, and is particularly applicable where a
large number of similar articles are to be cast, as a great saving of time and
labor will be thereby effected. The ramming mechanism which it is proposed
to employ, and the peculiar construction, arrangement, and combination of

page_text: which constitutes the present Invention, consists of a suitable framing or
pair of standards carrying an overhead shaft, which is fitted with suitable
appliances for driving the same, either by means of toothed gearing or by
driving belts, as found most convenient, and which shaft carries also one or more
eccentrics, cranks, or cams for giving a vertical ramming or stamping motion
to a corresponding number of packing rams. These rams are connected by
rods to their actuating eccentrics or cranks, and work in guides to ensure
their moving accurately and without vibration.. The mould boxes to be packed
or rammed are placed on travelling tables, having each a longitudinal toothed
rack fitted or formed beneath it, which gears into a corresponding spur wheel
carried by a second shaft below the tables. This shaft has a rocking motion
imparted to it, by the aid of cranks fitted to the extremities thereof, and having
an intermittant, rotatory, vibratory, or oscillating motion from other cranks or
mechanism carried on the ends of the upper or eccentric shaft, the two sets.
of cranks being connected by suitable side rods, which are slotted for the
purpose of allowing the tables to be stationary during the descent of the
Or in place of racks, and toothed gearing, a crank may be employed,
fixed to a shaft underneath the table, such shaft having a similar rocking
motion to that herein-before described.
The mould having been rammed, the table moves forward by the action of
the spur wheels and racks beneath, and a second mould is thereby brought
under the action of the rams. In some cases the ram may carry the portion
of the pattern for making the lower half of the mould, whilst the portion for
the upper half may be attached to a second ram, so that the two halves may
be made simultaneously. A pin on the ram will serve to form the "ingate"
or pouring hole.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William White in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WHITE, of Adelaide Street, South Shields, in the County of Durham, Iron-
founder, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William White, Her special license, that I, the said William White, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
White, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,.
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR MAKING MOULDS OR MATRICES EMPLOYED IN CASTING METALS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said William White, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said.
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William White, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for ramming the sand or other material round the
pattern used in preparing moulds for casting metals, and is particularly appli-
cable where a large number of similar articles are to be cast, as a great saving
of time and labour will be thereby effected. The ramming mechanism which
it is proposed to employ, and the peculiar construction, arrangement, and
combination of which constitutes my present Invention, consists of a suitable
framing or pair of standards, carrying an overhead shaft, which is fitted
with proper appliances for. driving the same, either by means of toothed
gearing or by.driving belts, as found most convenient, and which shaft carries
also one more eccentrics, cranks, or cams, for giving a vertical ramming or
stamping motion to a corresponding number of packing rams.
These rams
are connected by rods to their actuating eccentrics or cranks, and work in
guides, to insure their moving accurately and without vibration. The mould
boxes to be packed or rammed are placed on travelling tables, having each
a longitudinal toothed rack fitted or formed beneath it, which gears into a
corresponding spur wheel carried by a second shaft below the tables. This
shaft has a rocking motion imparted to it by the aid of cranks or levers fitted

page_text: to the extremities thereof, to which cranks or levers is imparted an inter-
mittent rotatory, vibratory, or oscillating motion from other cranks or eccen-
trics carried on the ends of the upper or eccentric shaft, the two sets of
cranks.being connected by suitable side rods, which are slotted for the purpose
of allowing the tables to be .stationary during the descent of the .rams. In
place of racks and toothed gearing, a crank or lever arm may be employed
for imparting motion to the travelling tables, such crank or lever arm being
fast on the shaft underneath the tables, and connected by means of a link.to
the tables themselves.
1
The mould having been rammed, the table moves forward by the action of
the spur wheels and racks or levers beneath, and a second mould is thereby.
brought under the action of the rams. In some cases the ram may carry the
portion of the pattern for making the lower half of the mould, whilst the
portion for the upper half may be .attached to a second ram, so that the two
halves may be made simultaneously. By attaching a conical pin or peg to the
face of the ram or to the portion of the pattern contained thereon, the
"ingate" or pouring hole may be made simultaneously with the ramming.
of the sand, or with the upper portion of the mould.
. And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall refer to the
several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same letters
of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents an end eleva-
tion of my moulding machine complete; Figure 2 is a corresponding side
elevation of the same; and Figure 3 is an elevation of the opposite end of the
machine to that shewn in Figure 1, shewing the driving gear, and having
a portion of the framing broken away to shew more clearly the mechanism
which actuates the travelling tables.
A is a metal bed plate, on which are securely bolted the three vertical
standards B, B, the centre one of which acts as a guide to the presses C; C',
corresponding guides D, D, being secured to the end standards, and bolted at
their lower extremities to the bed plate A, as shewn in Figure 1 of the
Drawings. To the upper ends of each of the several standards -B is bolted a
plummer block E, fitted with suitable bearings for carrying, the overhead
crank shaft F. This shaft is fitted or formed with two cranks G, G, or,
if found desirable, eccentrics or cams may be substituted for the cranks for the
purpose of working the presses. These presses are attached to cross bars
HI, H', which slide vertically between and are guided by the guides herein-

page_text: before referred to. I, I', are connecting rods, which serve to connect the
presses with the cranks or other actuating media. The cranks which work
the presses are so disposed that the one will be at the top of its stroke whilst
the other is full down. At K, K', are metal tables, with V railways on the
upper and under surfaces thereof, each table being respectively connected by.
a link at L to the levers M, M', fast on their respective rocking shafts N, N',
which work in suitable bearings in the bed plate A. A rocking motion is
communicated to these shafts by the links O, O', which are jointed at their
upper extremities to the single cranks P, P', fast on the opposite extremities
of the crank shaft F. The lower ends of these links are slotted, as shewn at
Q, Q'; and within these slots work the pins R, R', of the lever arms S, S¹,
which are fast on the outer ends of the two rocking shafts N, N¹. T is the
first motion or driving shaft of the machine; it works in suitable bearings
bolted to the sides of the standards B, and is fitted with a pair of fast and
loose driving pullies U, U', and a spur pinion V, which latter gears into
a large spur wheel W fast on one end of the crank shaft. The V railways on
the under sides of the travelling tables K, K', enable them to move along the
stationary antifriction rollers,✗ in the upper part of the bed plate A, whilst
those on the upper sides allow of the free passage of the box boards and bogies'
Y, Y, which carry respectively the bottom and top moulding boxes Z, Z¹, to
and from the railways a, a. The several cranks for actuating the presses and
travelling tables which carry the moulding boxes are so disposed as regards
their relative positions that, whilst one moulding box is under the action of its
press, the bogie carrying the other box will be run out, so as to enable it to be
readily passed on to the railway, and run out of the way. In moulding by this
machine a moulding box, say the top one Z' containing the pattern, if required,
and filled with sand, is placed on its bogie Y', and the latter is run along
its railway on to the travelling table K', which is run out to receive it, as
shewn in the Drawing. The upward motion of the link O¹, derived from the
crank P¹, carries the lower end of its slot Q' to strike the pin R' in the lever
arm.S of the rocking shaft N', and consequently, through the action of the
lever M and its link L, the travelling table and bogie with the box upon it is
run in underneath the press C. The press C¹ now descends and compresses
the sand in the box below it; but whilst this is going on the travelling table K
(the pressing plate C of which is ascending) is moved outwards by the
mechanism for that purpose herein-before described, and receives its bogie Y
and the bottom box Z. The press C' having completed the ramming of the
sand in the box Z' commences to rise, and the bogie Y with its box Z now

page_text: begins to move inwards under the press C, whilst the former box Z' is pushed out
in a perfect state, and so on alternately for each box. The slots in the links
O, O', are for the purpose of allowing the boxes to remain stationary beneath
their respective rams or presses for a sufficient length of time to complete the
pressing of the sand therein. 6 is a winch handle which may be fitted into the
driving shaft for the purpose of adjusting the machine or of working it partially
by hand if required. It will be found advantageous to add a hopper imme-
mediately above the railways for the purpose of filling the boxes with sand
such hoppers being supplied by means of an endless creeper belt with lifting,
cups, which elevate the sand from a pit beneath and discharge it into the
hoppers.
.
12
In my Drawings I have shewn the press C' as being fitted with a projection
c for the purpose of forming the "ingate" or pouring hole of the mould, but if
found desirable a portion of the pattern itself may be fitted thereto, so as to
make a portion of the mould simultaneously with the ramming of the sand.
In order to still further facilitate the working of the machine, I propose
that as the bottom box; say, leaves the press; it be run on to a circular railway,
on which is placed a catch connected. by a bell-crank to the same, which
engages with a pin on each side of the centre of the bottom box, and thus
frees it from the travelling table, and then turns it over in a position to
receive the top box, which by this time is leaving the press; it is then run on
to the place of casting, after which it takes the course of the railway to the
opposite side of the machine, where, by a corresponding bell crank, it is turned
over and freed from the sand and casting; it then moves under the hopper for
refilling by the machine, and by the same means is brought under the press.
By this mode of working a continuous process of moulding is carried on.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I con-
sider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
"
1st, the general construction and arrangement of machinery or apparatus for
making moulds for castings, as herein-before described.
2nd, the application and use to and in the making of moulds for castings of
rams or presses, worked by cranks, ceccentrics, cams, or other suitable mecha-

page_text: nical contrivance, and guided by suitable guides, for the purpose of ramming
the sand into the moulding boxes, as herein-before described.
3rd, the application and use of travelling tables for carrying the moulding
boxes beneath their respective rams or presses, and removing them when
rammed, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William White, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
WILLIAM WHITE. (LS.)