IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FORCE PUMPS, AND THE COMBINATION AND APPLICATION OF MECHANICAL ACTIONS FOR WORKING THE SAME, TO SUPPLY WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS FOR THE MOTIVE POWER OF ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Scaville Truss, Civil Engineer, of 64,
Langley Road, Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FORCE PUMPS, AND
THE COMBINATION AND APPLICATION OF MECHANICAL ACTIONS FOR WORKING
THE SAME, TO SUPPLY WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS FOR THE MOTIVE POWER OF
ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Seaville Truss
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st December 1874.
I, THOMAS SEAVILLE TRUSS, Civil Engineer, of 64, Langley Road,
Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS OF FORCE
PUMPS, AND THE COMBINATION AND APPLICATION OF MECHANICAL ACTIONS FOR

page_text: WORKING THE SAME, TO SUPPLY WATER OR OTHER FUILDS FOR THE MOTIVE POWER
OF ENGINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist of a drum with a groove around and in
its periphery or outer circumference formed of two gradients or inclines,
onc ascending for half the circumference to a height equal to the length
of the stroke of one of the force pumps to be worked, the other gradient
descending from such height to the commencement of the ascending
gradient; around this drum the force pumps are arranged with their
plungers parallel to the axis of the drum, and to cach plunger is
attached a pin on which is a friction roller that works in the groove in
the periphery of the drum, so that one revolution of the drum completes
the stroke of each pump by raising and lowering the plunger the length
of tho stroke.
In the chamber into which the force pumps deliver the water or fluids
passing through them are two plungers, one weighted with weights or
spring to a desired pressure, which plunger constitutes a regulating
pressure indicator, the other plunger is employed to deliver the first
desired pressure upon the water or fluid in such chamber by being
forced into the chamber by the action of a screw bolt and nut; with
this chamber connection is made to the valve chamber of the engine to
be driven by means of a tube in which is a tap or valve to turn on (and
off) to the piston or pistons in the cylinder or cylinders of such engine
the water or fluid that is under pressure in the chamber to propel such
pistons. Each of the plungers of the force pumps are of less diameter
than any piston in a cylinder of the engine to be driven, and the
number of force pumps required to sustain the continuous supply of
fluid necessary to work such engine is determined by their diameter,
length of stroke, and the angle of the ascending or descending gradient
in the periphery of the drum, and the number of revolutions of tho
drum to one content of the cylinder or cylinders of such engin.
The shaft on which the drum is fixed is connected to the crank
shaft or other shaft of the engine by cog wheels or other con-
trivances.
Another arrangement consists of a drum constructed with an
ascending and descending gradient projecting band or rib on its
periphery or outer circumference arranged in like manner as the groove
in the periphery of the drum before described; when this drum is used
tho projecting gradient works between two friction rollers on pins

page_text: áttached to each plunger to raise and lower the same the length of the
stroke; also a corresponding gradient projection band may be con-
structed on the inner circumference of the periphery to work a similar
arrangement of pumps.
Another arrangement consists of working one or more force pumps
from the drums by a leaver working on a fulcrum, to one end of which
one or more pump plungers are attached, the other end of the
lever being raised and lowered by the drums as the the plungers before
described.
Another arrangement consists of employing a number of the drums
described, and arranging the force pumps in lines, and working them in
like manner as before described.
Another arrangement consists of a large cog wheel, on the periphery
of which are teeth at an angle with its axis; around this wheel a
number of small wheels are arranged whoes axis are at right angles to
the large wheel; the small wheels have friction rollers on their
peripheries acting as the teeth of a cog wheel, between which the teeth
on the large wheel works, turning the small wheels on their axis, and on
one or bouth sides of these small wheels are pins to which are connected
one or more pump plungers.
The shaft or shafts on which the drums or large cog wheel, as
last described, are fixed are connected to the crank shaft or other
shaft of the engine to be driven by cog wheels or other con-
trivances.
As my said improvements of combinations of mechanical actions and
application and arrangements are capable of various modifications
without departing from the principle thereof, I do not restrict myself to
the class of force pumps to be used, nor to the materal or dimensions,
or to the nature of the water or fluids to be used, nor to the precise form
or dimensions or arrangements of the several parts, nor to the absolute
use of friction rollers, nor to the precise angle or form or number of
gradients or inclines formed on and in the periphery and on the
inner surface of the drums or wheels, as all of which combinations of
mechanical actions and arrangements may be varied to suit space and
circunstances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor by the said Thomas
Seaville Truss in the Great Seal Patont Office on the 6th July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
SEAVILLE TRUSs, Oivil Engineer, of 64, Langley Road, Eastbourne, in
the County of Sussex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Scaville Truss, Her
special licence that I, the said Thomas Scaville Truss, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Scaville
Truss, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FORCE PUMPS, AND THE COMBINATION
AND APPLICATION OF MECHANICAL ACTIONS FOR WORKING THE SAME, TO SUPPLY
WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS FOR THE MOTIVE POWER OF ENGINES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Scaville Truss, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office on or before the Sixth day of July, One thou-
sand eight hundred and seventy-five.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Seavillo Truss, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner tho
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed :—
My
said improvements consist of a drum with a groove around, and
in its periphery or outer circumference formed of two gradients or

page_text: inclines, one ascending for half the circumference to a height equal to
the length of the stroke of one of the force pumps to be worked, the
other gradient descending from such height to the commencement of
tho ascending gradient.. Around this drum the force pumps are arranged
with their plungers parallel to the axis of the drum, and to cach plunger
is attached a pin, on which is a friction roller that works in the groove
in the periphery of the drum, so that one revolution of the drum
completes the stroke of cach pump by raising and lowering the plunger
the lengh of the stroke.
In the chamber into which the force pumps deliver the water
or fluids passing through them are three plungers, two weighted with
weights or springs to a desired pressure, which plungers constituto
a regulating pressure indicator. The other plunger is employed to
deliver the first desired pressure upon the water or fluid in such
chamber by being forced into the chamber by the action of a screw bolt
and nut. With this chamber connection is made to the valve chamber
of the engine to be driven by means of a tube, in which is a tap or valvo
to turn on (and off) to the piston or pistons in the cylinder or cylinders
of such engine the water or fluid that is under pressure in the chamber
to propel such pistons. Each of the plungers of the force pumps are of
less diameter than the piston or pistons in a cylinder of the engine to be
driven, and the number of force pumps required to sustain the con-
tinuous supply of fluid necessary to work such engine is determined by
their diameter, length of stroke, and the angle of the ascending or
descending gradient in the periphery of the drum, and the number of
revolutions of the drum to one content of the cylinder or cylinders of
such engine. The shaft on which the drum is fixed may form part of the
crank shaft, or be connected to the crank shaft or other shaft of the
engine by cog wheels or other contrivances.
Another arrangement consists of a drum constructed with an ascending
and descending gradient projecting band or rib on its periphery or outer
circumference arranged in like manner as the groove in the periphery of
the drum before described. When this drum is used the projecting
gradient works between two friction rollers on pins attached to cach
plunger to raise and lower the same the length of the stroke. Also a
corresponding projection band may be constructed on the inner circum-
ference of the periphery to work a similar arrangement of pumps in like

page_text: Another arrangement consists of employing a number of the drums
before described, and arranging the force pumps in lines, and working
them in like manner, as before described.
5
Another arrangement consists of a large cog wheel, on the periphery
of which are teeth set at an angle with its axis; around this wheel a
number of small wheels are arranged, whoso axis are at right angles
to the large wheel. The small wheels are friction rollers on their
peripheries acting as the teeth of a cog wheel, between which the teeth
on the large wheel work, turning the small wheels on their axis, and on
one or both sides of these small whocls are projecting journals or pins, to 1
which are connected one or more pump's plungers, or the end of a lover
working on a fulcrum, the other end of which lever is connected to one
or more pump's plungers.
The shaft or shafts on which the drums or large cog wheel, as last
described, are fixed may form part of the crank shaft, or be connected 1
to the crank shaft or other shaft of the engine to be driven by cog whools
or other contrivances.
In order that the nature of my said improvements, and in what
manner the same are to be performed may be more fully understood, I
will proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings 2
hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, part in section, showing the drum and
one force pump in position and the regulating indicator pressure guago
attached to the same, which are constructed as herein-before described;
Figure 2 is a plan of the same, showing how the pumps are arranged 2
around the drum and the position of the regulating indicator pressure
guage; Figure 3 is a front clevation of the same taken at the line X.
Each of the Figures are marked with the like letters of reference to like
parts, as is also the Figures 4 to 8 inclusive.
Figuro 1. A is a bed plate; B, B, B, B, aro pillars attached to the 3
samo by the screw bolts a, a, a, a, and C, C, is a guide ring or framo
resting on the pillars; B, B, B, B, and D, D, D, D, is a cross beam
resting on the ferrels or washers b, b, b, b, secured to the pillars B, B,
B, B, by the screw bolts c, c, c, c; d is the shaft to which the drum
E, E, is fixed, which shaft rotates in the barings c, e; F, F, are the 8
inclines or gradionis, which in this case is formed by a groove in
periphery of the drum E, E, ascending from f to g, and descending

page_text: from g to f; is a friction roller working in the incline groove F, F,
which friction roller rotates on the stud i fixed to the pump plunger
cross head j; is the guide rod attached to the same, and works in the
guide ring C, C; and is the force pump plunger working in the forco
pump cylinder G; m is a supply tank, with the pipe communicating
with the pump chamber o; and p is the suction valvo through which tho
water passes into the chamber q, which water, when under pressure from
the plunger, passes the valve into the force chambers and into the
regulating indicator pressure guage chamber t, where the water acts
upon the floating weighted plunger u and the plunger v with the spring
balances 6', 6', attached and the plunger 20, which is operated upon by the
scrow bolt x to obtain any first desired pressure; y, y, y, are weights on
the floating plunger u, and is a cock worked by the link a' from tho
plunger v, which cock is regulated to open and close at any given
pressure by the action of the plunger v to which it is attached; b¹‚·6³, are
the spring balances attached to the plunger v; c' is a pipo from the
safety cock to convey the over supply of water under pressure into tho
tank m; d¹is the supply pipe from the pressure chamber to the engine
to be driven, and e¹ is the return pipe conveying the water from tho
engine after uso to the tank m; H, H, are two other pumps shewn in
position around the drum E, E; f' is a cog wheel fixed on the shaft d,
and is the crank shaft of the engine to be driven, and h³, h³, aro
barings for the same; is a cog wheel fixed on the shaft g', which works
into the cog whoclf to give motion to the drum E, E.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are sido clevations, part in section, of a few
modifications of the foregoing arrangements.
Figure 4 is a side elevation, part in section, showing the ascending and
descending gradients projecting as a band or rib on the outer and inner
diameter of the periphery of the drum, which band or rib worked
between friction rollers to work the force pump plungers; j¹ is a guide
pillar, and the guide roller working in the same for the pump
plungers, working within the inner diameter of the periphery of the
drum.
Figure 5 is a side elevation part in section showing the arrangement
of a drum with four ascending and descending inclines or gradients
projecting from the periphery of the drum, and working a double set of
pumps with several force pump plungers attached to cach cross head.

page_text: Figure 6 is a side elevation, shewing the arrangement for working tho
forco pumps by lever action; is a fulcrum; m' is a lever; and n³, the
link connecting the lever m³ to the force pump plunger l.
Figure 7 is a side clevation, shewing the arrangement for working a
double set of force pumps by lever action.
Figure 8 is a side elevation shewing the arrangement for working tho
force pumps by means of a drum or wheel, on the periphery or outer
diameter of which are two projecting bands or ribs I, I, forming a
grooved incline or grdient F, F, in which works the friction rollers /
that rotate on the studs that are fixed on the periphery of the small 1
wheel J, which wheel is fixed on the shaft o', and ' is the journal pin
or stud which is connected to the force pump cross head ; by the
link .
In order to give motion to the engine to be driven and to the
machinery herein-before described, I proceed by connecting the pipe d' 1
to the valve chamber of the cylinder of the engine to be driven, and
connecting the crank shaft of the said engine to the shaft g' I then'
charge all the pumps, pump chambers, and cylinder or cylinders of the
said engine and the tank in with water (when water is to be used); I then
force the plunger into the high pressure chamber of the regulating 2
incidator pressure guage by means of the screw bolt until a desired
pressure is obtained; I then admit the water under pressure into the
cylinder or cylinders of the engine to be driven, and the engine works
driving the machinery herein-before described, which machinery will
give a constant supply of water under the pressure so obtained or under 2
any other desired pressure.
As my said improvements are capablo of various modifications without
departing from the principle thereof I do not restrict mysolf to the
class of force pumps to be used, nor to the material or dimensions, nor
to the nature of the water or fluids to be used, nor to the precise form 8
or dimensions or arrangements of the several parts, nor to the absoluto
use of friction rollers, nor to the preciso angle or form or number of
gradients or inclines formed on and in the periphery, and on the inner
surface of the drums or wheels, as all of such combinations of
mechanical actions and arrangements may be varied to suit space and 3
circumstances.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said improvements, and in
what manner the same are to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
Invention the arrangement of force pumps, and the combinations and
application of the mechanical actions for working force pumps to sustain
a first given pressure on water or other fluids for the motive power of
engines, as hercin-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Seaville Truss, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Fifth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
THOMAS SEAVILLE TRUSS. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
JAS. WARNER,
Law Stationer,
61, Chancery Lane,
W.C.