IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORRUGATED ELASTIC MATERIALS."
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Joseph Green, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Corrugated Leather and other Elastic Manufac-
turer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CORRUGATED ELASTIC MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Joseph Green
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th February 1854.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH GREEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Corrugated Leather and other Elastic Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CORRUGATED ELASTIC MATERIALS" to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to that description of elastic, which is made by com-
bining leather and a woven fabric together, or two woven fabrics or two pieces
of leather, the same being united by india-rubber or other waterproof solution,
and having strands or threads of india-rubber or catouche laid between at
parallel distances, which india-rubber threads being strained out at the time
they are being placed between the fabrics (before described), and the solution
with which they are united being allowed to dry, the india-rubber threads are
liberated, and in contracting gather the fabrics into a series of corrugations,

page_text: which material so made will yield and contract in ratio to the strain given,
or the number or size of the india-rubber threads used. And my improvement
in the material above described consists,-
First, in strengthening the edges of such elastic material, by connecting
with the two outer india-rubber threads, a thread of gut, silk, flax, or other
suitable fibrous material.
And secondly, in the use of an inner lining, which inner lining may be a
woven fabric, thin gutta percha, or other suitable material, and between this
and the woven material that I use for the back side of my elastic, (both having
been first prepared with suitable solution for uniting them,) I place the threads
of india-rubber and selvage thread before described, allowing the back piece
to be sufficiently wide to lap well over on the middle lining, thereby inclosing
the outer or selvage threads, the whole being held together by the india-
rubber or other solution before described, and passed under or between a
roll or rolls for the purpose of pressing out any atmospheric air that may be
between the fabrics or in the solution with which they are united; and I find
it advantageous for those rolls to be heated, and turned slow, in order that the
particles of air that may be found between the fabrics may be rarified and more
easily expelled.
And lastly, I apply the front covering, which may be a woven fabric or
leather; but in all cases I use it narrower than the parts to which it is applied,
in order to show a selvage, as I find it much preferable to have the union of
the front and back material on the front instead of on the back; and it is
again desirable when leather is used that it should not extend around behind,
making a selvage of leather, as it is apt to dirt and soil whatever may be in
contact with it. My material thus made is finished in the usual way, namely,
by rolling it (while it is yet strained out) on to a suitable roll, from which roll
it is passed between rolls serrated on their face, parallel to their axis, and
from which rolls the material is delivered in a finished state.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed 3
by the said Benjamin Joseph Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd August 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
JOSEPH GREEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3!
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Benjamin Joseph Green, Her special license that I, the said Benjamin Joseph
Green, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Benjamin Joseph Green, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CORRUGATED ELASTIC MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Benjamin Joseph Green, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Joseph Green, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to that description of elastic fabric which consists of
the combination of leather and a woven fabric, of two woven fabrics, or of
two pieces of leather, the faces or surfaces of each piece in either combination
being united by a solution of india-rubber or caoutchouc or other waterproof
solution suitable for the purpose; and between the two surfaces before
described is placed strands or threads of caoutchouc stretched or strained out
to the proper or convenient distance, and laid at parallel distances, and being
kept so stretched until the solution uniting the two surfaces becomes dry; the
stretching power being then removed, the threads of caoutchouc being also
united by the solution to the inner surfaces of the materials, will contract and
gather the fabric into a series of corrugations; and the material thus made will
stretch or contract in ratio to the strain given to the threads of caoutchouc, or
to the number or size of such threads, or by the combination of any or all such
variations. And my improvements in this material consist,-
Firstly, I strenthen the edges of such or similar elastic materials by
applying along with the outer caoutchouc threads so stretched a selvage
thread, cord, or ribbon of gut, silk, flax, or other suitable fibrous material
possessing the proper strength, and when the material is finished, such cord,
thread, or ribbon so applied will be gathered up with the other material, and

page_text: when in use will prevent the elastic caoutchouc threads being stretched to a
greater distance than the before-mentioned cord, thread, or ribbon; such cord,
thread, or ribbon, being stronger than the caoutchouc threads, will prevent
their breaking.
Secondly, I use between the two pieces forming the front and back of the
before-mentioned corrugated elastic, a third piece, which piece I call the
"inner lining" or "middle lining," and which may be a woven fabric, thin
gutta percha, or other material suitable for the purpose. Between this "inner
lining" and the piece forming the back of the finished corrugated elastic,
(both having been previously prepared with a solution suitable for uniting
them,) I place the threads of caoutchouc and the selvage threads before de-
scribed as of the first part of my Invention, making the back piece wider than,
and to lap well over, the edge of the "middle" or "inner lining," and thereby
enclose the outer and selvage threads before described, the whole being held
firmly together by the caoutchouc or other suitable solution before mentioned.
It is now passed under or between a roll or rolls for the purpose of pressing or
rolling out any atmospheric air that may happen to be between such back and
"inner lining" or in the solution which unites them. And I find it advan-
tageous to heat such roll or rolls, and cause them to revolve slowly, in order
that when the elastic is passed between, it may absorb the heat contained in
them, and so rarify the air while it is being expelled as to effect such expul-
sion more perfectly. I then apply the front covering, which may either be a
woven fabric or leather, but in all cases I use it narrower than the part to which
it is to be applied, in order to show a selvage, as I find it much to be preferred
that the union of the front and back pieces should be seen at the front instead
of at the back; and this is more especially the case when leather is used for
the front part of corrugated elastics, as if such leather were turned over to the
back it would be likely to dirt and soil whatever may come in contact with it.
My elastic thus made is to be finished in the usual way of finishing corrugated
fabrics, namely, by winding it on a suitable reel, (while still strained out,)
from which it is passed, still on the strain, between a pair of rolls grooved on
their faces parallel to their axes, a transverse section of one of which would
present a serrated circumference; from these it is delivered in its finished and
contracted state.
And lastly, in order that I may be more fully understood, I have annexed
a Drawing to illustrate my Invention, and which I will proceed to describe.
Figure 1 represents the front part of a piece of corrugated elastic made
according to my Invention, and in the contracted state. The front piece is
tinted green, and the selvage pink. A, A, is the "middle lining," a part of

page_text: the front piece being removed to show it. B, B, are the outer threads of
caoutchouc, the cord coloured blue representing the strengthening cord
accompanying them. C, C, C, the caoutchouc threads. D, D, the back
covering tinted pink, lapping over the outer threads forming the selvage, as
shown by the red. lines in section, Figure 2, and the back view, Figure 3.
Sometimes I produce a selvage by enclosing the outer thread of caoutchouc
and the strengthening thread within a narrow ribbon of any suitable material,
woven or otherwise, and hold the same by the proper solution between the
front and back parts, leaving sufficient to show a selvage, as represented at
Fig. 4. The selvage part is colored pink.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
claim any particular material or dimensions to be used therein; but what I do
claim is,
Firstly, the use in corrugated elastic fabrics of a thread, cord, or ribbon of
gut, silk, flax, or other suitable fibrous material, to be used along with the
outer caoutchouc threads as a preventive to overstretching the same.
Secondly, the use in corrugated elastic fabrics of an "inner lining," or
middle piece, by which much additional strength is given to the material, the
front piece of which may by this means be made of the most delicate kind.
And lastly, the use in corrugated elastics of the front piece narrower than
than the back, for the purpose of preserving a selvage on the front side, which
greatly improves the appearance, and prevents the front piece, which is some-
times black leather or other dyed material, soiling anything that may be worn
or used in contact with it.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Joseph Green, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH GREEN. (L.S.)

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