A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE AND MEANS OF COOLING THE TOOLS FOR TURNING AND PLANING METALS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Horton, of the City of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE AND MEANS OF COOLING THE TOOLS FOR TURNING
AND PLANING METALS."
Sealed the 20th December 1872, and dated the 13th August 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Horton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th August 1872.
I, JOSHUA HORTON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE AND MEANS OF COOLING THE TOOLS FOR
TORNING AND PLANING METALS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and
means of applying the cooling water and other liquids to the cutting
tools of turning lathes and planing machines while cutting malleable
iron and other metal articles, whereby these tools are kept colder with
less cooling liquid, and consequently, at the same time, making them
much more durable than they have been as heretofore cooled.

page_text: And the nature and novelty of this said Invention consist in injecting
or forcing the cooling water, or other liquid to be used in a jet or
stream up or into the angular space from behind and between the inner
cutting face of the tool next the surface of the piece of metal being cut,
and that surface itself through a suitable nozzle, so as to reach and
impinge on the thin cutting edge or part of the tool direct, and thus
keep it colder than, and in contradistinction to, the ordinary indirect
mode and means of allowing the cooling water or other liquid simply to
fall or trickle down from a tube without force on the upper or outer face
of the shaving and the cutting tool. The nozzle will require to direct the
cooling fluid in a strong unbroken jet, and when applied to the ordinary
cutting tools of turning lathes the jet will require to be forced and
directed upwards, and for planing machine tools it will require to be
forced in a nearly horizontal direction. And through this improved and
direct mode of throwing the cooling fluid on to the thin part of the tool,
it is considered that in some cases jets of cold air may be used instead
of water.
The cooling water or other liquid may either be led on through close
pipes from a common cistern or individual vessel, for each injected jet or
nozzle and tool, placed high enough to give the desired force to the jet
by gravitation, or be raised and forced through pipes from any ordinary
arrangement of forcing pumps or other forcing apparatus suitable for
the particular cooling fluid employed.
When individual fluid gravitating cans are employed they could be
raised or lowered to give the desired force to the jet, and the pipe leading
to each nozzle may be furnished with a regulating tap, or various sized
nozzles may be employed to suit the size of jet desired, or a nozzle
capable of being enlarged and contracted may be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joshua Horton in the Great Scal Patent Office on 30
the 13th February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSHUA
HORTON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth ycar of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Joshua Horton, Her special licence that I,
the said Joshua Horton, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joshua Horton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE AND MEANS
OF COOLING THE TOOLS FOR TURNING AND PLANING METALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joshua Horton, my exccutors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joshua Horton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner. the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :—
My said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and
means of applying the cooling water and other liquids used to the
cutting tools of turning lathes and planing machines while cutting
malleable iron and other metal articles, whereby these tools aro kept
colder with less cooling liquid, causing their cutting edges to be more
durable, and enabling the machines to be driven at faster speeds, and to
do much more work in a given time than has been done heretofore.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe
tho-several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings which I have licreunto
appended for the purpose of showing what I at present believe to be the

page_text: best modifications and arrangements for carrying the same into effect or
practice, the same letters of reference indicating the same or like parts
in all the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 are a side elevation and a plan, respectively, of
án ordinary strong first rough cutting turning tool A, with its cutting
edge set up, and formed in a usual manner on the end of a bar of cast
steel, shown as in the position and act of taking a first cut B² from a
large wrought-iron shaft B, a part A, B, of which only are shown
detached from the lathe and slide rest, or tool holder, but shown as fitted
with one modification or arrangement of my Invention or improvements
for cooling the tools.
Figures 3 and 4 are a sectional elevation and a plan respectively of
a slightly different arrangement of my improvements (from that shown
in Figures 1 and 2) applied to the cooling of a tool A (of an ordinary
portable class formed and supplied with stems A*) for being fixed into
an eye C¹ at the end of the ordinary special sized malleable iron or steel
· holder C used to secure these cutting tools A in and to the slide rest.
Referring to these Figures 1 to 4, the nature and novelty of my said
Invention, and the manner of performing the same, consist in forcing the
cooling water or other liquid to be used for cooling the tools through a
conducting pipe X and nozzle Z, so as to inject it in a jet or stream up
or into the angular space b, between the back and inner cutting face A',
of the tool A next the surface B¹ of the mass or piece of inetal B being
cut, and that surface B¹ itself finally up through the tapered nozzle Z
so as to reach and impinge direct on the said thin cutting edge or part A'
of the tool close to where it is cutting, and thus keep the tool cooler
where the heat is being produced, than, and in contradistinction to the
ordinary indirect modes and means of allowing the cooling water or other
liquid simply to fall or trickle down from a tube without force merely
on the upper or outer face of the shaving 13, and the cutting tool A³, or
than is possible by injecting the water through a hole up the centre of
the tool, so as to reach the upper surface A2 of the tool, between this
face A² and the shaving B² being cut, and which has been recently done
by the Invention for which Royal Letters Patent have been granted to
William Clay, numbered 1014, and dated the Fifth day of April, 1872.
The arrows on the pipe X indicate the direction of the current therein,
and those A" where the jet J from the nozzle Z impinges on the cutting
surface A' of the tool A.

page_text: In Figures 1 and 2 the pipe X is shown fitted with a tap Y for regu-
lating the stream or jet J convenient to the operator's hand, and made
short and portable, so as to be easily fixed by a light screw cramp or
other equivalent to the tool or its holding rest, or a portable stand for
the purpose, an india-rubber or other flexible pipe X' being here shown
attached to the back end of the pipe X for conducting the cooling liquid
thereto. But instead of the tap Y being placed near the nozzle Z, where
the shavings in falling might catch it, the pipe X may be fitted with
different sized nozzles to suit the particular work in hand, screwed on to
it, as indicated at Z in Figure 3, in which case the pipe X might be
made plain in short lengths with swivelling joints, as used for gas
branches, or have one length made of lead or tin, so as to admit of being
easily set or bent to suit the particular position or angle of the nozzle
required; the regulating cock Y, in this case not shown in the Drawings,
might be placed at the fixed part of the pipes X. Or otherwise, instead
of leading the pipe X and nozzle Z below the tool A and holder O, and
up the back at b, in this case, Figures 3 and 4, in which the tool A. is
portable and held firmly by its stem A* and tapered pin c in the eye C³
the head of the tool A may have a hole bored in it, so as to receive
O and hold the end of the supply tube x with a small hole drilled in its
extreme upper side, to cause the jet J of cooling liquid to play on the
upper cutting back face A' of the tool, instead of the nozzle Z, as
shown in the angled back face view of this tool A in Figure 3ª,
corresponding to Figure 3, but a right angles to it.
3 It will be understood that my said new or improved mode and means
of cooling these tools by projecting the liquid up or into the space b, and
on to the back cutting face and edge at A' may be applied purely and
simply by itself, as so far 'described, or in conjunction with the modes
and means heretofore employed for cooling these cutting tools, either by
O dropping the liquid down, as indicated by the arrow at B", or by boring a
small hole b² from the top face A' of the tool A, not far back from the
back face A³, and nearly parallel to it (instead of making the tools
hollow up the centre, as shown and described in the said Specification of
William Clay; No. 1014, 1872), as indicated in red lines either at b³ in
5 Figures 1 and 2, quite down through the tool A, or as indicated at bª in
Figures 3 and 4, down to meet the hole and tube passed laterally
through the head of the tool, so that in both these cases the cooling
liquid could be made to flow up these holes 63 and 63 from the supplying

page_text: pipes X or to the upper face A² of the tool below the shaving B³, as
well as to the back face A¹, through the nozzle Z, or hole Z' in the point
of the tube s
When the hole b¹ is bored right through the tool A, as in Figure 1, a
small branch x¹ is soldered on the pipe X to conduct the water up the
bole b¹, and when the hole b is bored, as indicated in Figures 3 and 3A,
a small part of the top of the tube is cut away, as indicated at x¹, to
let the water flow up the hole bas described. The nozzle Z and hole ≈
are desired to direct the cooling fluid in a strong unbroken jet J, and
when applied to the ordinary cutting tools of turning lathes (as described 1
in reference to the Figures on the Sheet of Drawings) the jet J is forced
and directed upwards to impinge on the back cutting face and edge;
but for planing machine tools it will require to be forced in a nearly
horizontal direction to effect the same result. Through the improved
effect resulting from this direct mode of injecting the cooling fluid into 1
the spacc b and on to the thin back part A¹ of the cutting tools it is
considered that in some cases a jet or jets of cold air may be used
instead of water or other fluid.
The cooling water or other liquid may either be led on or into the
nozzle through close pipes from a common cistern for the whole tools of 2
the shop, or an individual vessel may be used for each injected jet or
nozzle and tool, in either case placed high enough to give the desired
force to the jet J by gravitation, or the fluid might be raised and forced
through service pipes in the shop from any ordinary arrangement of
forcing pump, or other forcing apparatus suitable for the particular 2
cooling fluid employed, or from the water supply pipes of public
companies.
When individual fluid gravitating cans are employed for cach tool,
they could be hung by a cord and easily raised or lowered to give the
desired force to the jet, and the pipe leading to cach nozzle may be 3
furnished with a regulating tap; or various sized nozzles may be
employed to suit the size of jet desired, as herein-before stated; or instead
of these a nozzle capable of being enlarged and contracted may be
used.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention, 3
and the manner in which the same is or may be performed, I have to
state that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the

page_text: Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is, the injecting of fluids into the space behind and on to the
back cutting face of turning lathe and planing machine tools, for the
purpose of keeping the same cool, all substantially in the new or
improved manner herein described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua Horton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOSHUA HORTON. (L.S.)