IM- PROVEMENTS IN BLAST AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES AND FROM METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS, IN SEPARATING AND REFINING SUCH METALS, AND IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of 66 IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BLAST AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN EXTRACTING METALS
FROM THEIR ORES AND FROM METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS, IN SEPARATING AND
REFINING SUCH METALS, AND IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR
SUCH PURPOSES."
Sealed the 22nd November 1870, and dated the 26th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th May 1870.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN EXTRACTING
METALS FROM THEIR ORES AND FROM METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS, IN SEPARATING
AND REFINING SUCH METALS, AND IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR
SUCH PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the separation and recovery of certain metals
from their ores and metallurgical products whether in chemical com-
bination with such products or otherwise, to the subsequent treatment,

page_text: separation, and refining of such metal or metals, and further relates to the
construction and arrangement of furnaces, apparatus, and to other means
employed in carrying the Invention into effect, and which is effected
partly by passing or forcing through or impinging upon such ores and
metallurgical products air, gases, or steam at certain stages of the
operation and by suitable or specially adapted furnaces, apparatus, and
combinations for the purpose, and consists,-
First. Of an improved furnace or apparatus for the preliminary
operation of roasting or calincing. This furnace is constructed with a
perforated and chambered bottom or hollowed sides through which the
air, gases, or steam is forced through or against the ore or product under
treatment, such agents being heated to any desired degree as may be
required. The improved furnace I form and construct of a greater
depth than those at present in use, and in some cases I apply the
heat both internally and externally to them by a suitable arrangement
of flues and grates, and so place and arrange them in relation to other
furnaces for smelting the calcined ore or product thus resulting or
otherwise obtained in order that the charge can be readily removed for
extracting the metal in a blast furnace or other furnace, whilst the
charge is in a heated or fluid condition, or I effect the process of
smelting in the furnace in which calcination has been effected by
prolonging the operation, and adding fuel and fluxes for that purpose
suitable arrangements being made for such purposes, such as providing
it with a well or basin for receiving the metal produced. For adapting
this part of my Invention to such calcining furnaces as have revolving
tables or floors, I fix or secure a pipe or pipes over and above the floor
in the interior of the furnace on brickwork, or pass or force the air
or gas through perforations in the brick, or I pass the air through the
tecth or "coulters" which stir the ore by making such teeth hollow.
The air can be conveyed from any convenient source or chamber.
"
Secondly. My Invention consists of an improved blast furnace or
furnaces, and which is more especially adapted for the carrying out
my improved process hercin described, and consists of the following
arrangements, adaptations, and combinations:-Close to or in connection
with the present ordinary Castilian or other furnace I place a covered
vessel, cistern, well, or supplementary furnace, or I extend or elongate
the existing furnace or furnaces, and which for distinction I will in this
description call the superheater and volatilizer, and into which I permit

page_text: or cause the contents of the ordinary furnace to flow, except such
metal, mat, or slag as is drawn by tapping from its well after being
converted into a liquid or fluid condition, containing less or more metal,
the superheater being placed at such an elevation in relation to the
3 ordinary furnace as will admit of the ready flow of the liquid product
or slag into the superheater. When it contains a sufficient charge, air,
steam, or gas, or mixtures of the same is forced into the vessel or this
part of the furnace and through its contents until the temperature and
fluidity are increased to any desired state, and a blast of air, steam, or
gas may be directed upon the liquid mass so as to impart a circular or
other motion to it in the superheater, after which the blast is suspended,
and further time is given to the metal to fall to the bottom of the super-
heater, after which the contents are drawn off by tapping or otherwise
the superheater. When the deposited metal is drawn the blast may be
further continued until the contents of the superheater are exhausted
of its metal, partly by being deposited at the bottom of the superheater
and partly by volatilization. The apparatus being covered with a hood
and the volatilized products conducted into a suitable flue, the slag may
now be allowed to flow out of the apparatus, and another charge may
be operated upon.
The superheater is formed of iron, and lined with
suitable fire clay or other material to protect it from the heated
products, and is furnished with suitable branches and apertures for
admitting the air, steam, or gases into it, and for the introduction of
fuel or fluxes. These branches and entrances I sometimes charge with
charcoal or other fuel for their protection from the slag. I introduce
charcoal or other fuel together with additional fluxes calcined or other-
wise through tubular chambers furnished with a screw and travelling
piston for regulating the quantity into the slag or fluid product in
its passage to the superheater, or add such fuel or fluxes to it in the
superheater. The superheater and the channel through which the
fluid product passes from the main furnace I so place and arrange that
heat can be readily applied to them externally through flues or by any
convenient means, such as a furnace and flue, and I prefer to place the
superheater on a movable carriage or platform so as to be readily
detached from the main furnace or main part of it for convenience of
working and repairs. This "superheater, supplementary vessel, or
furnace" may be substituted for the present breast pan by covering it,
providing it with a tap hole, and otherwise adapting it for the purposes
described.

page_text: Thirdly. My Invention consists of arranging and forming the bottoms
of the blast furnaces so that heat can be applied to them externally by
forming a flue at the lower portion of the same, which may be formed of
fire clay and brick or of iron lined on the inside with suitable fire clay
or other material.
Fourthly. My Invention consists in so arranging and forming the breast
pan of the ordinary Castilian lead or furnace that it can be readily cleared
out and its contents removed, and for that purpose I form it of two or more.
parts, the top or upper one of which can be readily removed, it being
held in position by bolts or pins, or placed on a hinge or other suitable
mechanical arrangement. Or in lieu of this arrangement the breast pan
or a part of it is placed on a slide or frame by which it can be readily
withdrawn or removed when the breast pan of the furnace is about to be
cleared out. The bottom of such breast pan is constructed of metal, and
is so arranged as that heat can be applied externally to it, and that a blast
of air, gas, or steam can be forced through its contents. The same is to
be covered or enclosed with a hood similar to that which I have described
as applied to the superheater.
Fifthly. My Invention consists of an improved method and means of
clearing out or freeing furnaces of the metal or clinker which forms in
their bottoms, and which so seriously affects their efficiency, and which
I effect by the introduction of a supplementary blast delivered at a
lower level than the ordinary blast, and which I sometimes force through
the liquid contents of the furnace, and in which operation I introduce
additional fuel or flux, which I do through a tuyer or blast pipe or
other convenient means so as to remove or burn the objectionable clinker
or metal in the bottom; this supplementary blast to work to the best
advantage ought to be delivered at a high temperature and pressure, and
the fuel I prefer to be introduced into the bottom of the furnace in a
powdered or calcined form.
Sixthly. My Invention consists of so forming and constructing blast
furnaces that they can be worked and charged without the gas or fumes
escaping, and which I effect by the following means:-To such furnaces
as are fed or charged from the top I add a lid or cover which may be
recessed inside, or made bell-mouthed or otherwise. This cover has a
central hole in it, through which passes a chain or spindle, and which
chain or spindle carries the present bell-mouthed cover, over which
the charge is placed. The additional cover being free to move upwards

page_text: and downwards over the spindle is lowered by means of a suitable
chain and crane, when the materials are to be dropped into the furnace
until the additional lid or cover completely encloses the charge, it being
so formed and of a sufficient size as to come in contact with and fit on
When a furnace is to be fed
to the iron top of the existing furnaces.
laterally I form a tunnel opposite the opening through which it is fed,.
and provide such tunnel with two doors, between which doors the
materials and the wagon or carriage conveying, the material remains-
until each door is alternately shut and opened, and which is effected by:
the wagon or carriage in its travel backwards and forwards coming in
contact with and actuating levers, which levers are connected to the
doors by chains which pass over pulleys suitably situated and placed
upon pins or studs fixed in the framing of the tunnel, and the carriage
can be worked or actuated in the manner described and patented by mo
in my Letters Patent, bearing date the 15th day of July 1869; or in
any other convenient manner. And I make the rails or framing on
which the carriage travels, and that for supporting the upper part of
the furnace and the door or doors, hollow or tubular, so that a current of
water can be passed through them, which will have the effect of pro-
tecting them from the destructive heat of the furnace.
Seventhly. My Invention consists of an improved means of inserting
and withdrawing the iron bars employed in tapping lead furnaces, and
consists of the following arrangements :-Opposite and in a convenient
position in relation to the tap hole I place or secure a fixed frame in
which is placed a barrel or spindle on which a chain may be wound by
a cranked handle or lever and chain, which can be connected to the bar
in any convenient manner and withdrawn when desired. The arrange-
ment for inserting the bar consists of a slotted or tubular guide in
which a movable spindle actuated by a screw passing through a nut
forces the bar forward until it is sufficiently inserted in the furnace.
And I make the bars employed for holding up the charge in the furnace
during the operation of temporarily cleaning out the breast or bottom
part, hollow or tubular, and I insert in such tubular bars other tubes
for conveying water through them and furnish them with an inlet and
outlet; and in order that they may be conveniently handled the water
is conveyed to and into them through a flexible tube or hose under the
necessary pressure.
550
14
T
1
wend made and 170918
of purifying

page_text: metallic lead, and also of recovering the silver from it, and which is
effected by forcing atmosphere or gas through the melted metal, and to
improved pans or vessels for the above purpose, which vessels or pans
are formed with branches with perforated holes or apparatus, through
which the atmosphere or gas can be forced through the metal. It also
consists of a hollow tube with numerous perforations at its end, and
through which under certain circumstances the air or gas can be
conveyed to the bottom of the vessels by the operator holding such tube
in his hands, it being further connected to another tube conveying gas
from its source of pressure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 26th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN
BERNARD, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Julian Bernard, Her special license that
I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST AND
OTHER FURNACES, AND IN EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES AND FROM
METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS, IN SEPARATING AND REFINING SUCH METALS, AND IN
THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the

page_text: same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :-
My said Invention relates to the separation and recovery of certain
metals from their ores and metallurgical products, whether in chemical
combination with such products or otherwise, and to the construction
and arrangement of furnaces, apparatus, and means employed in carrying
the Invention into effect, and consists,-
Firstly. Of an improved blast furnace or furnaces which is or are
more especially adapted for the carrying out of my improved process
herein-after described, and which consists as follows:-Close to or in
connection with the present ordinary Castillian or other furnace I place
a covered vessel, cistern, well, or supplementary furnace, which I
herein-after call the "volatilizer," or I extend or elongate the existing
Into the said
furnace or furnaces, so as to form a volatilizing chamber.
"volatilizer " I permit or cause the contents of the ordinary furnace to
flow, except such metal, mat, or slag as is drawn by tapping from its
well after being converted into a liquid or fluid condition containing less
or more metal, the volatilizer being placed at such an elevation in
relation to the ordinary furnace as will admit of the ready flow into it
of the liquid product or slag. When the volatilizer contains a sufficient
charge, air, steam, or gas, or mixtures of the same is or are forced into
the said volatilizer, or this part of the furnace, and through its contents
until the temperature and fluidity are increased to any desired state, and
a blast of air, steam, or gas, may be directed upon the liquid mass so as
to impart a circular or other motion to it in the said volatilizer, after
which the blast is suspended and further time is given to the metal to fall
to the bottom, the contents being subsequently drawn off by tapping the
volatilizer or otherwise. After the deposited metal has been drawn off,
the blast may be further continued until the contents of the volatilizer
are exhausted of their metal, partly by being deposited at the bottom
of the volatilizer and partly by volatilization, the apparatus being
covered with a hood, so as to conduct the volatilized products into a

page_text: suitable flue. The slag may now be allowed to flow out of the apparatus
and another charge may be operated upon. The volatilizer is formed of
iron, and is lined with suitable fire-clay or other material to protect it
from the heated products, and is furnished with suitable branches and
appertures for admitting the air, steam, or gases into it, and for the
introduction of fuel or fluxes; these branches and entrances I sometimes
charge with charcoal or other fuel in order to protect them from the
slag. I introduce charcoal or other fuel together with additional fluxes
(calcined or otherwise) through tubular chambers (furnished with a screw
and travelling piston for regulating the quantity) into the slag or fluid
product in its passage to the volatilizer, or I add such fuel or fluxes to it
whilst in the volatilizer. I so place and dispose the volatilizer and
the channel through which the fluid product passes from the main
furnace, as that heat can be readily applied to them externally through
flues or by any convenient means, such, for example, as a furnace and
flue; and I prefer to place the volatilizer on a moveable carriage or
platform, so as to be readily detached from the main furnace or main
part of it for convenience of working and repairs. This volatilizer,
superheater, supplementary vessel, or furnace, may be substituted for
the present breast pan by covering it, providing it with a tap hole, and
otherwise adapting it for the purposes described.
Secondly. My Invention consists in so arranging and forming the
breast pan of the ordinary Castillian lead or furnace, that it can be
readily cleared out and its contents removed. For this purpose I form
it of two or more parts, the top or upper one of which can be readily
removed, it being held in position by bolts or pins, or placed on a hinge
or other suitable mechanical arrangement. Or in lieu of this arrange-
ment the breast pan or a part of it may be placed on a slide or frame, by
which it can be readily withdrawn or removed when the breast pan of
the furnace is about to be cleared out.
The bottom of this breast pan is constructed of metal, and is so
arranged as that heat can be applied externally to it, and that a blast of
air, gas, or steam, can be forced through its contents. The same is to
be covered or enclosed with a hood similar to that which I have
described as applied to the volatilizer.
Thirdly. My Invention consists in so forming and constructing blast
furnaces that they can be worked and charged without permitting the
escape of the gas or fumes. I accomplish this by the following means:-

page_text: To such furnaces as are fed or charged from the top I add a lid or cover,
which may be recessed inside or made bell-mouthed or otherwise. This
cover has a central hole in it through which passes a chain or spindle,
which chain or spindle carries the present bell-mouthed cover, and over
which cover the charge is placed. The additional cover is left free to
move upwards and downwards over the spindle, and is lowered by means
of a suitable chain and crane when the materials are to be dropped into
the furnace until the additional lid or cover completely encloses the
charge, it being so formed and of such size as to come in contact with
and fit on to the iron top of the existing furnaces.
When a furnace is to be fed laterally, I form a tunnel opposite the
opening through which it is fed, and provide such tunnel with two
doors, between which doors the materials and the wagon or carriage
conveying the material remains until each door is alternately shut and
opened, and which is effected by the wagon or carriage in its travel
backwards and forwards coming in contact with and actuating levers,
which levers are connected to the doors by chains passing over pullies
suitably situated and placed upon pins or studs fixed in the framing of
the tunnel. The said carriage can be worked or actuated in the manner
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the
Fifteenth day of July One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine,
No. 2140, or in any other convenient manner. I make the rails or
framing on which the carriage travels and that which serves for
supporting the upper part of the furnace, and the door or doors hollow
or tubular, so that a current of water can be 'passed through them,
which will have the effect of protecting them from the destructive
heat of the furnace.
Fourthly. My Invention consists in making the bars employed for
holding up the charge in the furnace during the operation of temporarily
cleaning out the breast or bottom part hollow or tubular, and I insert
in such tubular bars other tubes for conveying water through them, and
furnish them with an inlet and outlet; and in order that they may be
conveniently handled, the water is conveyed to and into them through a
flexible tube or hose under the necessary pressure.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,

page_text: the same letters of reference muncating corresponumz parts man the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a plan of an apparatus for
carrying out my improved method of extracting from metallurgical
products their metal and metallic fumes by oxidation, and Figure 2 is
a sectional elevation of the same.
66
A is an apparatus divided into two parts, and combining the functions
of a crucible and furnace, which apparatus I denominate a volatilizer."
It is lined with fire-clay C, and contains a perforated moveable bottom D,
which may be composed of metal or fire-clay. This plate separates the
upper compartment E from the lower one F. The latter is furnished
with the conducting pipe G, which is for the purpose of conveying gas,
steam, or atmospheric air into the compartment F of the "volatilizer."
This pipe is fitted air-tight into the tapered hole, as shewn, and is forced
in and out of the hole when required by a mallet or other convenient
means. The flange H is for the purpose of connecting it with an air or
gas pipe under pressure from any convenient source. I is a plug taking
into the tapered hole K, and is for the purpose of extracting such metal
as may be contained from time to time in the bottom compartment F.
The "volatilizer" is furnished with projections or handles 1, 1, for the
purpose of being readily removed and replaced by any convenient means,
such as a crane and chain. L represents a furnace for heating the
volatiliser;" M its lid or cover, which can be readily taken off for the
purpose of removing the "volatiliser" when required by any convenient
means; there is a fire-grate placed at N for containing the fuel, as shown
in dotted lines; O represents an opening communicating with the con-
densing flues, and serving to carry off the products of combustion in the
furnace L, and also the metallic fumes from the "volatiliser."
66
When a metallurgical product is to be treated for the recovery of its
metal or fumes by this process, the volatilizer is to be heated in the
furnace L, and the compartment E is charged to the depth of several
inches with fuel, such as coke or charcoal, such fuel having been
previously reduced to small particles.
When the "volatilizer" gets well heated and the fuel thoroughly
ignited, the product to be operated upon after, having been previously
treated in a blast or reverbatory furnace by smelting or calcining, is
poured into the compartment E, the "volatilizer" being removed from
its furnace and placed in a convenient position in relation to the blast or

page_text: reverberatory furnace, the charge having been introduced into the
"volatilizer," and the volatilizer replaced in its original position. The
furnace L is closed and the heat increased, whilst at the same time
the gas, steam, or atmospheric air in a heated condition is allowed to
pass through the pipe G into the chamber F, and by means of its
pressure is forced through the liquid contents of the "volatilizer," which
will bring on ebulition less or more violent according to the quantity
and temperature of the gases or air passing through it and the quantity
of carbon contained in the "volatilizer," and with which the product
is charged. The operator regulates the flow and temperature of the
blast at pleasure.
When it is sought to obtain the greatest possible quantity of metal
direct by its being deposited in the chamber F it will be desirable to
stop or retard the flow of the gases or atmosphere for several minutes
during the operation, which will have the effect of facilitating the
deposit of the metal contained in the fluxed mass, and so soon as the
contents cease to deposit any further metal the temperature of the
charge is still further increased by the means already described, and
such metal as is still contained in the material under treatment is driven
off in the form of fumes into the condensing flues until it becomes
thoroughly exhausted of all its metal. The material to be operated upon
having been previously prepared by being brought to a thorough liquid
condition either by calcining or by its conversion into a smelted or liquid
mass containing less or more metal previous to its being treated in the
volatilizer;" this process can be completed casily within an hour,
varying more or less according to the nature and richness of the product
under treatment. For example, if the product to be treated be the slag
overflowing from a blast furnace and containing 1 to 4 per cent. of
metal, a quantity which will leave but a small proportion of direct metal,
it is considered advisable to volatilize such per-centage, and to exhaust
the product under treatment without any suspension of the process, so
that the metal will pass off in the form of an oxide into the condenser;
but when richer products are under treatment, a better result is obtained
by retarding the process as described.
66
In some instances, when the product under treatment is very
refractory, the process will be facilitated by the further addition of
fluxes and carbon to the charge, such for example as fluor spar or
powdered charcoal, both being previously heated. The flux can be

page_text: added to the product whilst in a liquid condition, and whilst being
transferred from the furnace to the volatilizer, and the powered charcoal
can be inserted in the bottom of the chamber E or passed through the
blast pipe, suitable well-known arrangements being adapted to such pipe
for that purpose.
When the charge is thoroughly exhausted of its metal, in the manner
described, the "volatilizer" is removed, the slag is poured out, and the
process repeated.
66
The furnace L and other adjuncts which I have shown form no part
of my Invention, except when employed in connexion with the
'volatilizer," neither do I confine or restrict myself to the use of
the special means and details herein-before described for illustrating
this part of my Invention.
The second head of my Invention relates to a novel and improved
front or breast pan for lead smelting furnaces, and consists in making
or forming such breast pan in two or more main and distinct parts,
one of which main parts can be readily removed, thereby affording
much greater facility for the removal of its contents and also of that
of the furnace.
Figure 3 represents a partial elevation, and Figure 4 a horizontal
section, shewing the application of my improved breast pan; Figure 5
shows the moveable main portion of the improved breast pan detached;
Figure 6 is a plate on which the breast pan rests and is temporarily
secured when in position; and Figure 7 are the supports secured to the
said plate and held up to the furnace by means of bolts and nuts taking
into the holes 1, 1. The movcable part A (shewn in position on the
plate B at Figure 4) has snugs a, a, in which are suitable holes 2, 2,
which pass over corresponding pins 3, 3, in the plate B, in order to
retain the part A in proper position.
When such furnaces are to be partially cleared out in the front or
entirely cut out, the part A (Figure 5) is removed by being lifted slightly.
and drawn out along the guide supporting rails C, C. Or instead of
using the rails C, C, the moveable part A can be raised up vertically by
means of a chain and pulley, which chain and pulley can be secured to
a cross beam or other convenient support connected to the building.
By this mode of detaching the breast pan a more ready access can be
obtained to the material to be withdrawn, and much time and labour is
consequently saved.

page_text: The third head of my Invention has reference to all close blast
furnaces, which are fed from the top, whether employed for smelting
iron, lead, or other ore, and consists of a novel means and method of
preventing the escape of gas during the operation of charging such
furnaces, whereby I effect a great saving of heat by preventing the
escape of the gas generated in the furnace.
The means I employ for effecting this object is represented in detail,
section, and plan at Figures 8 and 9, and consists of a hood or conical
cover A applied in the manner herein-after explained and illustrated at
Figure 10, which Figure represents a sectional clevation of the upper
part of a blast furnace having my said improved contrivance fitted
thereto.
Figure 11 is a top plan of the same, and Figure 12 is a detail
partly in section of the apparatus.
A is the hood or cover which closes the furnace mouth; B is the
crane which is employed for lowering and raising the usual conical
cover during the operation of charging the furnace, such crane being
here shown as specially adapted for working my improved arrangement
by the addition to it of the sheaves C, C, and chains D, D, with the
other adjuncts, as shewn in the several Figures.
The modes of charging and the operation and effect of the improved
arrangement will be readily understood from the following description:-
When a furnace is to be charged by my improved arrangement, the
hood or cover A is first raised by the attendant by the arrangement
already described by being hauled or drawn up by the chains D, D, (the
central boss H being correctly bored so as to slide freely on the rod I)
until it occupies the position indicated by the dotted lines E, when the
attendant then proceeds to deposit the charge on the top of the bell
cone F in the usual manner. When he has completed this operation, he
then lowers the cover A until it occupies the position shown in Figure 10,
after which he can lower the bell cone F on which the charge is placed
into the furnace until it occupies the position shown by the dotted
lines G, and the charge is deposited in the furnace, the operation being
completed by raising the bell cone F to the position indicated by the
full lines in Figure 10.
(..
It will be evident that the loss of heat and gas during the operation of
charging the furnace will be limited by my said improved arrangements

page_text: to the quantity of gas contained between the cover A and the bell
cone F, which is practically little or none.
Figure 13 represents an end elevation, and Figure 14 a longitudinal
section of an improved tool or implement intended to be inserted into
lead smelting or other furnaces for various purposes, such for example,
as for turning over or withdrawing the charge or for holding it up and
supporting it in the furnace during the operation of partially withdrawing
such charge or for extracting "clinkers" from it, which operation
requires to be frequently performed when using blast furnaces for lead
smelting.
This part of my Invention consists in the employment for the purposes
herein-before set forth of hollow tools, having water introduced therein
or circulating therethrough, as shewn in the said Figures 13 and 14,
where A is the external part of the tool or implement, which is con-
structed on the principle of a tuyere. B is the cold water inlet or
induction pipe, which is inserted into the main hollow portion of the
tool A, and extends nearly its whole length, so as to deliver the cold
water at the extreme end of the tool; C is the outlet pipe, both pipes
being secured in the screwed cap or cover D, as shewn. The water is
supplied to this tool from any convenient source of pressure, the con-
nection with which is formed by means of a flexible tube descending
from a main supply pipe situate above the operator, and the particular
locality or furnace where it is required to be employed. By the use of
this flexible connecting tube the tool becomes perfectly portable, and
can be readily manovred by the operator.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The system or mode of recovering lead, zinc, and such other
metals as volatilize at a comparatively low temperature from slag and
other metallurgical products by forcing gases, such as carburretted
hydrogen, atmospheric air, steam, or mixtures of the same through the
metallurgical products containing such metals whilst in a liquid or
molten condition, substantially as herein-before described.

page_text: Second. The improved moveable front or breast pan made in two or
more parts for lead smelting or Castillian furnaces, and the mode of
detaching the same, substantially as herein-before described.
Third. The application and use to and in the charging of covered blast
furnaces of a hood or cover A, shown in Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawings
hereunto annexed, in combination with the bell or cone F, the two
being arranged and operating together, substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 10 and 12 of
my Drawings.
Fourth. The constructing of the bars employed for holding up the
charge in lead furnaces hollow, and the maintaining a circulation of
water therethrough, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 13 and 14 of my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of
November One thousand eight hundred and seventy.