IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles James Tinker, of Pontefract, in the County
of York, Liquorice Refiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 8th November 1864, and dated the 28th June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles James Tinker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1864.
I, CHARLES JAMES TINKER, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Liquorice
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to means or apparatus for mixing the dough
or paste, and the improvements consist in the employment of a cylindrical
or conical vessel or pan open at top, the bottom being concave or dished with
an aperture therein for the passing out of the mixed paste, and having a
slide valve or tap for closing the same. A vertical spindle or upright shaft
is placed centrally within the vessel in suitable bearings, so as to be capable
of rotating, and may be driven by hand or power, and a series of arms or
stirrers are attached thereto in such manner as to be capable of feathering

page_text: or turning on their axis by means of rods attached to them and to a lever
hinged above the pan. In some cases I have the arms fixed on the spindle,
and I place a sieve near the bottom of the vessel and attach a brush to the
spindle to force the mixed paste through the sieve, and I sometimes use
this apparatus without the sieve.
Secondly, the Invention relates to means of rolling or spreading the dough
or paste into sheets, and the improvement consists of a table capable of sliding
or travelling on suitable framework intermittently by means of ratchets and
catches or other suitable means and one or more rollers, to which a compound
rotary and reciprocatory motion is communicated, or rolling and advancing
and receding at the same time. These rollers are mounted in bearings, in
which they are capable of sliding horizontally by means of levers or rods and
cranks or eccentrics. The rotation is produced by a rack on the table gearing
with a pinion on each of the rollers. I also apply one or more ordinary
rotary rollers in conjunction therewith. The thickness of the sheet I regulate
by raising and lowering the rails or bearings, which support the table by
wedges, cams, or eccentrics, or by raising and lowering the roller bearings by
screws or any of the usual means. The rollers are scraped or cleansed by
scrapers made in form of dishes or spouts, so as to receive the scrapings and
prevent them falling on the sheet of paste. The scrapings may be removed
therefrom by reciprocating brushes or archimedian screws or by hand. The
table is capable of being moved backward and forward by rack and pinion
applied underneath.
Thirdly, it relates to means of facing or smoothing the surface of the sheets
of paste, and consists, of a frame, to which are attached rubbers of leather,
felt, paste, or other suitable material. This frame is placed over the sheet of
paste when on the table, and compound circulating and reciprocating motion
given to it by crank or other similar means. The pressure may be self-
adjusting by gravitation or weight, or capable of being regulated by springs
or other means. A sieve and a hopper are placed above the rubbers, and
receive motion simultaneously with them. The sieve is divided into compart-
ments diagonally, so as to regulate the distribution of powdered sugar or other
suitable material, which is supplied by the hopper to the surface of the paste.
The hopper is provided with a semi-cylindrical sluice or tap for regulating
the supply.
Fourthly, the Invention relates to means or apparatus for cutting or forming
the paste into lozenges or other similar articles, and consists of a travelling
table, over which are placed rotary rollers to level the paste, and a series of

page_text: spring cutters mounted in a framing, which is capable of turning on its own
axis, and to which a stamping or rising and falling motion is given by crank
or cam. Arrangements are made so that the cutters can be taken out and
replaced by other sizes and patterns, or the cutting parts may be changed.
These cutters have a partial rotary motion given to them, so as to clear them-
selves from the sheet of paste, and loosen the lozenges from the surface of the
table. The lozenges are taken up by the cutters, which are hollow, and
passing through them work out at the top ends which are bevelled, so as to
cause the lozenges to fall into a trough or an endless cloth. A plate is pro-
vided for the cutters to pass through, which is caused to fall on the rising of
the cutters to keep the paste on the table should it stick to the cutters. On
this plate may be attached type or designs for impressing the paste when
required. The cutter frame is capable of turning on its axis to enable the
cutters to be cleansed. The cutter frame may be placed either at right angles
or diagonally to the table or at any other angle thereto, so that the sheet of
paste may be cut to the best advantage, or with the least possible waste of
material. These parts or apparatus for cutting may be combined with the
rolling and facing apparatus.
Another means of cutting lozenges, instead of using a travelling table, is to
have a stationary perforated table or plate with similar moveable cutters, as
before described. The paste being fed thereto by an endless cloth, and the
lozenges pushed or sprung out of the cutters through an opening in the side
of each cutter into a trough or an endless cloth by discs, which are attached
to levers and actuated by a cam or tappet, and a spring or springs applied
under the table or under an endless cloth, which is employed to carry away
the waste paste. To clean the cutters I employ an equal number of tapered
bags or plugs, and hoods of india-rubber or other suitable material stretched
or fixed on spindles mounted in a frame, and which frame is arranged and
operated so that the bags or plugs and hoods will enter into and on to the
cutters; and I give rotary and reciprocatory motion thereto by gear wheels
and levers or other suitable means, or each cutter may be cleansed singly with
one of the stretched bags or plugs and hoods by hand. When cutting thin
lozenges the cutters may be cleansed by placing a sheet of india-rubber under-
neath, saturated on the top side with water and allowing the cutters to be
pressed into it; or felted fabric or sponge or other similar substance saturated
with water nay be placed in a tray and employed for this purpose in like
manner.
By means of these improvements. lozenges and similar articles can be

page_text: manufactured with great facility, consequently at a reduction in cost, and the
handling of the plastic paste or material is almost entirely avoided, also the
form, shape, and design of the lozenge or other article can be produced more
correctly than by the means and apparatus heretofore employed for such
purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles James Tinker in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JAMES TINKER, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Liquorice Refiner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles James Tinker, Her special licence that I, the said Charles James
Tinker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles James Tinker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
James Tinker, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles James Tinker, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and accompanying fourteen Sheets of Drawings (that is to say):-
This Invention relates, firstly, to means or apparatus for mixing the dough

page_text: or paste, and the improvements consist in the employment of a cylindrical or
conical vessel or pan open at top, the bottom being concave or dished with an
aperture therein for the passing out of the mixed paste and having a slide
valve or tap for closing the same. A vertical spindle or upright shaft is
5 placed centrally within the vessel in suitable bearings, so as to be capable of
rotating, and may be driven by hand or power, and a series of arms or stirrers
are attached thereto in such manner as to be capable of feathering or turning
on their axis by means of rods attached to them and to a lever hinged above
the pan. In some cases I have the arms fixed on the spindle, and I place a
sieve near the bottom of the vessel, and attach a brush to the spindles to force
the mixed paste through the sieve, and I sometimes use this apparatus
without the sieve.
Secondly, the Invention relates to means of rolling or spreading the dough
or paste into sheets, and the improvements consist of a table capable of
sliding or travelling on suitable framework intermittently by means of ratchets
and catches or other suitable means and one or more rollers, to which a com-
pound rotary and reciprocatory motion is communicated or rolling and
advancing and receding at the same time. These rollers are mounted in
bearings in which they are capable of sliding horizontally by means of levers
or rods and cranks or eccentrics. The rotation is produced by a rack on the
table gearing with a pinion on each of the rollers. I also apply one or more
ordinary rotary rollers in conjunction therewith. The thickness of the sheet I
regulate by raising and lowering the rails or bearings which support the tabie
by wedges, cams, or eccentrics, or by raising and lowering the roller bearings
by screws or any of the usual means. The rollers are scraped or cleansed by
scrapers made in form of dishes or spouts so as to receive the scrapings
and prevent them falling on the sheet of paste. The scrapings may be
removed therefrom by reciprocating brushes or Archimedian screws or by
hand. The table is capable of being moved backward and forward by rack
and pinion applied underneath.
Thirdly, it relates to means of facing or smoothing the surface of the sheets
of paste, and consists of a frame to which is attached rubbers of leather, felt,
paste, or other suitable material. This frame is placed over the sheet of paste
when on the table and compound circulating and reciprocating motion given
to it by crank or other similar means. The pressure may be self-adjusting by
gravitation or weight, or capable of being regulated by springs or other means.
A sieve and a hopper are placed above the rubbers and receive motion simul-
taneously with them. The sieve is divided into compartments diagonally so

page_text: as to regulate the distribution of powdered sugar or other suitable material
which is supplied by the hopper to the surface of the paste. The hopper is
provided with a semi-cylindrical sluice or tap for regulating the supply.
Fourthly, the Invention relates to means or apparatus for cutting or forming
the paste into lozenges or other similar articles, and consists of a travelling
table over which are placed rotary rollers to level the paste, and a series of
spring cutters mounted in a framing which is capable of turning on its own
axis, and to which a stamping or rising and falling motion is given by crank
or cam. Arrangements are made so that the cutters can be taken out and
replaced by other sizes and patterns, or the cutting parts may be changed.
These cutters have a partial rotary motion given to them so as to clear them-
selves from the sheet of paste and loosen the lozenges from the surface of the
table. The lozenges are taken up by the cutters which are hollow, and
passing through them, work out at the top ends, which are bevelled so as to
cause the lozenges to fall into a trough or on an endless cloth. A plate is
provided for the cutters to pass through which is caused to fall on the rising
of the cutters to keep the paste on the table should it stick to the cutters.
On this plate may be attached type or design for impressing the paste when
required. The cutter frame is capable of turning on its axis to enable
the cutters to be cleansed. The cutter frame may placed either at right
angles or diagonally to the table, or at any other angle thereto, so that the
sheet of paste may be cut to the best advantage or with the least possible
waste of material. These parts or apparatus for cutting may be combined with
the rolling and facing apparatus.
Another means of cutting lozenges instead of using a travelling table is to
have a stationary perforated table or plate with similar moveable cutters as
before described, the paste being fed thereto by an endless cloth, and the
lozenges pushed or sprung out of the cutters through an opening in the side
of each cutter into a trough or an endless cloth by dishes, which are attached
to levers and actuated by a cam or tappet and a spring or springs applied
under the; table or under an endless cloth, which is employed to carry away
the waste paste. To clean the cutters I employ an equal number of tapered
bags or plugs and hoods of india-rubber or other suitable material stretched
on spindles mounted in a frame, and which frame is arranged and operated so
that the bags, plugs, and hoods will enter into and on to the cutters, and
I give rotary and reciprocatory motion thereto by gear wheels and levers or
other suitable means, or each cutter may be cleansed singly with one of the
stretched bags or plugs and hoods by hand. When cutting thin lozenges

page_text: Sheet 1), represents a
section of an apparatus for mixing
plastic substances constructed according to the first part of this Invention.
A is the cylindrical vessel or pan open at the top, the bottom being dished
with an opening therein, and a slide valve A' for closing it; B is the vertical
spindle or upright shaft placed centrally within the vessel in bearings formed
in or attached to the cross-stays or bridge-trees C and C³, and is supported on
the latter by a collar B', fixed on the spindle. A series of stirrers D are
mounted on arms or projecting taper pins D' fixed to the upright B. The
stirrers are fitted to the pins so as to turn freely thereon, and are held in
position by set screws D³, which enter grooves cut in the pins, such grooves
being taper the contrary way to the taper of the pins, so that by tightening
the set screws the stirrers may be drawn or pressed close on the pins to
prevent the paste or plastic materials getting in betwixt. The stirrers are
caused to turn on the pins or to "feather" by means of a rod E connected to
pins Ds on the stirrers, and to a boss E¹ capable of sliding up and down on
a key fixed in the upright shaft and rotating therewith, or by rack and pinions
herein-after shewn. F is a lever hinged to the frame at F', and spanning a
bush F, fitting outside, and in which the boss E' rotates, and on which bush
are pins entering slot holes (f) in the lever to prevent its turning round on
the boss E'. This lever is connected by a rod G to a stud G¹ on a stud plate
or crank plate G3 which is mounted on one end of a short shaft G³, to the
other end of which is keyed a bevel wheel Gʻ, gearing with another bevel G³,
keyed on a vertical shaft Go, and on the upper end of which shaft is keyed a
pulley G. A strap G8 passes around it and the upright shaft B for commu-
nicating motion therefrom to the stirrers. On the wheel G is a clutch with
a lever G clipping thereon and hinged to the frame for throwing the said

page_text: wheel out of gear when required, and which may be held out by a catch Go
attached to the frame; H is a bevel wheel fixed on the upright, and H¹ is
another bevel wheel keyed on the driving shaft H, on which are fast and
loose pulleys H3 and H for giving motion to the machine, or a handle H
may be employed for that purpose instead of the pulleys. The rack and
pinion with an end view of a stirrer is shewn in detail at Fig. 2, the construo-
tion and action of which will be readily understood. The rod E, as attached
to pins D³ on the stirrers, are shewn at Fig. 3. It will now be seen that
when the ingredients suitable to form the paste or plastic substances are
supplied to the vessel and motion given to the moveable parts of the apparatus,
the upright shaft with the stirrers will rotate in the vessel and the stirrers
will also be constantly turning on the pins or "feathering," so that the paste
or dough will become thoroughly mixed thereby, which will be effected with
great facility. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of another similar apparatus for
mixing, but instead of the series of moveable stirrers there is an arm I
fixed to the upright shaft, carrying an oblique or inclined stirrer J on one
side of the shaft and a brush K on the other. There is also another arm L
fast on the shaft, to which is fixed a scraper M, which is inclined or set
oblique, and capable of being adjusted to the side of the vessel. The brush
acts against or is set in contact with a wire gauze sievo N placed near the
bottom of the vessel. This brush is capable of being adjusted to the surface
of the sieve by a lever O, clipping a bush or clutch P on the spindle, with one
end, having a fulcrum Q on the cross bearing, and an adjusting nut and
screw R at the other end attached to the said cross bearing. The bush P
supports the upright shaft by means of the fixed collar S. By the use of
this apparatus the paste or dough is gradually worked through the sieve in a
finely mixed state according to the mesh or fineness of the sieve.
The second and third parts of my Invention are shewn on Sheets 2, 3, and
4. Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machinery or apparatus for rolling the
paste or dough; Fig. 2 is a plan or top view; and Fig. 3 is a horizontal
section of the same taken through the dotted line. A is the framing sup-
porting a slidable table B, on each side of which is a rack B₁ for giving
motion to the rollers, and a flange B2 for keeping the dough or paste out of
the teeth of the rack. C is the dusting apparatus for distributing dusting
powder or powdered sugar on the paste, and hereinafter more particularly
explained. D is a roller which has a compound rotary and reciprocatory or
advancing and receding motion imparted to it; the rotary motion is given by
means of the rack B¹ acting on or working in the teeth of a spur-wheel fixed

page_text: on the roller, and the reciprocatory or advancing and receding motion is
produced by levers D' on each side of the machine which are operated by
rods D² connected and worked by eccentrics or cranks D³ fixed on the main
driving shaft; the brasses or bearings of this roller being capable of sliding in
their pedestals. E and E' are ordinary rotary rollers also driven by the racks
acting on or working in-spur wheels fixed on the said rollers; E and E³ are
scrapers in form of a dish or spout for keeping the rollers free from paste
during their rotation; E' and E' are archimedian screws working in the dish
scrapers for carrying away the scrapings; G is an apparatus for polishing or
rubbing the surface of the paste during the process of rolling as it is carried
forward by the table under the. rollers, and hereinafter described more par-
ticularly. His the main driving shaft on which is keyed a spur wheel I in
gear with a spur pinion fixed on the back of a bevel wheel J, mounted on a
cross shaft and gearing with another bevel wheel J¹, fixed on a vertical crank
shaft J, connected by a rod to another crank shaft on the opposite side of
machine, which gives a circulatory reciprocating motion to the rubbing or
polishing apparatus. These crank shafts are capable of being raised and
lowered in their bearings so as to throw the bevel wheels out of gear by
means of a bell-crank lever K keyed on a shaft K' extending to the opposite
side of machine with a lever K² keyed thereon which takes into clutches K³
and K*; fixed to the said shafts K³ is a set screw in contact with the handle
end of the lever K, for regulating or adjusting the position or the pressure of
the rubbers on the surface of the paste; K is a recess or notch provided to
receive the lever handle and hold it when the shafts are lifted for throwing
the wheels out of gear. Intermittent travelling motion is given to the table
by a rod L attached to or working on an eccentric L' fixed on the main shaft,
giving oscillatory motion to a lever L², to which is attached a spring catch or
pawl L³, actuating a ratchet wheel L', keyed on a shaft extending across the
machine and on which is a spur wheel L', gearing with a carrier or inter-
mediate spur wheel L', which also gears with a spur wheel L' mounted on
another shaft extending across the machine, and on which is keyed a bevel
wheel L³, gearing with another bevel wheel L', mounted on one end of a
shaft L, at the other end of which is a bevel wheel L", gearing with two
bevel wheels L and L, which are both loose on a shaft L", on which shaft
is also a spur wheel L', gearing in a rack M; fixed to the under side of the
table; N is a lever connected by a rod N' to a lever N2, taking into a clutch-
box N³, capable of sliding on a key fixed in the shaft L"; for stopping or
reversing the table; N is a bell-crank lever on the end of a shaft No, one arm

page_text: of which enters a hole in the lever N', the other is acted upon by studs or
pius No, fixed under the table for throwing the table out of gear, an arm N',
being also fixed on the shaft N³, entering a spring bar N8, for keeping the
bell-crank in position when not acted upon by the pins N° in the table. Fig. 4
is a detail end view of this stopping and reversing gear or apparatus, which
will be easily understood by reference to the Drawing. Fig. 5 is an end view
of the roller D, with a scraper attached for preventing the paste adhering to
the roller or keeping it on the table, which are drawn full size, shewing the
manner in which the scraper is applied and adjusted to the surface of the
roller. Fig. 6 (Sheet 2) is a full size cross section of the polishing
or rubbing apparatus. A is the frame which carries two rubbers B, B,
covered or made of leather or other suitable material, which are acted upon
by a spring C attached to a cross rail D. Above the rubbers is a sieve E,
and above that is a hopper F with a semi-cylindrical bottom or concave dish
G, and in connection with which is also a similarly formed perforated slide
plate H, together forming a sluice by the sliding of which plate the areas of
the perforations or holes can be adjusted so as to regulate the quantity of
dusting powder to be supplied through or betwixt the rubbers to the paste.
Another form of sluice is shewn at Fig. 7, where, instead of the perforated
slides, a semi-cylindrical sluice or eccentric roller I is employed, and operated
by screws acting on wings to cause it to turn upon its axis, giving more or
less opening to the hopper as required. Fig. 8 is a section of the hopper and
sluice as shewn at Fig. 6, shewing a self-acting feeder for giving a regular
supply of the dusting powder to the hopper F, from a suitable vessel placed
above it. A is a door or flap hinged to the hopper and having a forked arm
B which is in contact with a spiral spring C placed on a screwed rod D
having an adjusting nut thereon by which the strength of the spring can be
regulated according to the quantity or weight of material so applied thereto.
The dusting apparatus C is similar to the polishing apparatus, except that it
is without the rubbers. It is mounted upon cranks fixed on the top ends of
two vertical shafts P and P¹, which receive partial rotary motion by a rod P*
hinged to the lever D and taking on a hooked arm Q fixed on the shaft P,
which arm can be thrown off, as shewn in dotted lines, to stop the motion
of the dusting apparatus when required. The table is raised and lowered
according to the thickness the paste is required to be by means of longitudinal
slide rails or bearings placed under the table on each side which are moved
endwise by screws explained hereafter.
The fourth part of my Invention is illustrated in Sheets 5, 6, 7, and 8,

page_text: same.
where Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a machine for cutting or forming the paste
into lozenges or shapes, and also cleaning the cutters; Fig. 2 is a plan
partly in section, shewing the cutters; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section, shewing
the shafting and driving gear, and Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section of the
This machine is similar in construction generally to the rolling pre-
viously described, having a slidable table worked in a similar manner. In this
machine, however, the breaking roller with the polishing and dusting apparatus
are not required. A, are two ordinary rotary or levelling rollers with their
scrapers and archimedian screws; B is a bar or frame having a series of
cutters mounted therein, and which frame is supported in bearings of two
slidable bars C, in which the said bars are capable of turning upon their own
axis therein when required. A stamping or rising and falling motion is
imparted to the cutter bar and slide bars, and consequently to the cutters by
means of cams D, keyed on the cross shaft D', and acting on stud pins C,
fixed in the slide bars. The cutters are arranged in the bar, forming two rows
longitudinally, and are capable of turning on their axis; partial rotation is
given to them intermittently by notch bars F, acting on pins f, fixed on the
cutters as shewn on the plan Fig. 2, and in detail full size at Fig. 6. This
rack or notch bar is caused to reciprocate and turn the cutters backward and
forward as and when required by the combined action of a cam G, fixed on an
upright shaft G', on which is fixed a pin G2, acted on by a tappet G³, fixed on
the shaft and D', pushing the bar in one direction, and by means of spring G
pushing it back in the other direction; or this notch bar or rack may be
operated by a lever A, attached thereto, and actuated by a cam groove B, as
shewn at Fig. 7, or by a wedge bar operated by a crank or cam B, as shewn
at Fig. 8, or by cam on the face of a hand wheel as shewn at Fig. 9, or
other suitable means may be adopted whereby intermittent partial rotary
motion may be given to the cutters. The cutters are shewn full size at Figs. 10
and 11, where it will be seen that the cutting part A is slidable on the tube B,
acting against a vulcanized india-rubber or elastic ring C, placed betwixt a
flange on each part; D is a perforated plate through which the tubes pass,
and is inclined so as to conduct the lozenges to the tray or endless cloth.
Also the cutting parts may be removed and other sizes or patterns placed on
the tubes as shewn at Fig. 11. When the cutters are in action the lozenges.
are forced up the interior by each succeeding cut or lozenge and pass out at
the tops thereof falling into a trough H, placed in suitable position to receive
them, or instead of the trough a travelling endless cloth may be employed to
conduct them away, herein afterwards referred to, should the paste be lifted.

page_text: by the cutters a plate is employed through an opening in which the cutters
work, and this plate is caused to fall and press on the paste when the cutters
rise by means of tappets or cranks G, on the shaft D', acting on rods G',
attached to the said plate. This plate is shewn in detail Fig. 13, where it
will be also seen that type or designs may be arranged and set in the plate in
such parts thereof as to come in contact with the paste and produce impressions
thereon at the precise parts or places where the lozenges will be cut out from
at the next stroke. The manner of fixing the name or design in the plate is
shewn at Figs. 14 and 15. The action of the several parts of this machine is
so arranged that the table is caused to move forward a suitable distance at
each stroke of the cutters, equal to the size of lozenges or the space cut out
of the sheet of paste by the cutters. The cutter bar is held in position by a
spring pin I, passing through a hole in the neck of the said bar, and when the
cutters are to be cleansed the pin is withdrawn, and the cutter bar turned
round with the cutting parts upward and the spring pin allowed to re-enter
the hole to hold the bar in this inverted position. A series of cleaners J, are
arranged in a frame J', over the cutters, so as to be lowered into them, and
rotary motion is given to them by rack and pinions J, as shewn at Fig. 15.
The peculiar construction of these cleaners is shewn at Figs. 17 and 18, which
are composed of india-rubber or other suitable material, forming tapered bags
stretched on wire ribs A, attached to spindles B, as shewn at Fig. 17, or with
the top of the bag turning over, forming a hood to act on the outside of the
cutters when brought into action as shewn at Fig. 18. These cleaners require
to be damped with water, and when motion is given to them they will act
on the cutters and remove any paste that may have adhered to them; or, when
cutting thin sheets I employ a tray K, with india-rubber, felted fabric, sponge,
or other suitable substance saturated with water, placed therein. This tray is
suspended by arms K¹ to levers K², hinged to the frame so that the tray may
be placed upon the shelf L, made hollow or with a cavity, and heated by steam
or gas, or other heating media, and when the said tray is required to be used
it is taken off the shelf and lowered into position under the cutters and motion
given to them as before, the tray is then returned to the hot shelf to be kept
hot ready for further use. Sheets 8, 9, 10 and 11 shew the manner in which
the rolling, facing, or smoothing and cutting processes may be combined in one
machine. Fig. 1 (in Sheet 9) is a side elevation; Fig. 2 (Sheet 10) is a
plan; Fig. 3 (Sheet 11) is a horizontal section, and Fig. 4 (in Sheet 8) is a
vertical section. The several parts comprising this combined machine having
been previously described in the separate Drawings and Figures need not be

page_text: again referred to, except as far as regards some modification of details. The
connecting rod in this machine has a peculiar joint A, formed in it to allow of
the rod being changed from one ratchet lever B, used in the rolling process to
another ratchet lever C, used in the cutting process for varying the speed of
the table or increasing the distance of each move from the rolling process to
the cutting; this joint is shewn also in detail at Fig. 4. In Fig. 2 (Sheet 10)
the plate D is shewn in its place, whilst in Fig. 2 (Sheet 6) it is removed to
shew the means of partial rotation of the cutters; Fig. 5 (Sheet 3) is an end
elevation of the table and framing, and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a
portion of the same, intended to shew the means of raising and lowering the
table. A, is a bar with inclines or wedge pieces B, formed or attached thereto
at suitable intervals in its length. This bar is supported on similar inclines c
attached to the framing in such manner as to be set or adjusted by screws D,
the upper edge of the bar is angular to fit a V formed in the under edge of
the table frame E. One of such bars is attached to each frame under each
side or edge of the table, and are connected together by cross stays F.
A screw G is screwed through the end frame H of the machine, and is
attached to the cross rail of the slide bars, when by the turning of the said
screw right or left the slide bars are moved in or out, and thereby the table
raised or lowered as required; I, I, are two screws for adjusting the said slide
bars. Another means or method of regulating or setting the rollers to the
desired thickness of paste is shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 of these Drawings, where
screw spindles J, are attached to each roller L, passing through straps K on
the pedestals, with bevel wheels acting as nuts gearing with other bevel wheels
M¹, and connected by cross shafts N, similar to means adopted for raising and
lowering the cross heads in planing machines. Fig. 7, Sheet 3, is a longi-
tudinal section of the dusting and rubbing smoothing apparatus; Fig 8 is
a top view or plan, and Fig. 9 is an underneath plan of the same. A is the
dust hopper with its semi-cylindrical perforated bottom, slide plate B, sieve C,
rubbers D, and crank shaft E, which gives motion thereto, with a tappet
F, fixed on the top of the crank pin, and a spring G, at the opposite of the
slide plate for giving motion thereto. Fig. 10 is a plan of a rubber frame,
suitable to hold dough or a portion of the paste to be used as a rubber for
smoothing the sheet of paste, and Fig. 11 is a cross section of the same. Fig.
12 is a plan of the sieve, shewing diagonal bars or ribs for producing lateral
motion of the powdered sugar in order to obtain a more equal distribution
thereof. Sheet 12 shews the manner of applying a travelling endless apron
instead of a trough or tray for receiving and conducting away the lozenges or
shapes. Fig. 1 is part of a side elevation of a cutting machine; Fig. 2 is a
or

page_text: plan, and Fig. 3 is a cross section of the same. A is the endless apron which
is driven by a pair of bevel wheels B from the upright shaft C. The frame of
the endless apron is mounted on rods D and D', so that it is capable of sliding
thereon so as to be moved out of the way for cleaning, the cutters being held
in position by a spring E. Sheet 13 shews another construction of machine
for cutting lozenges, where instead of the travelling table, an endless cloth is
employed for conducting the previously prepared paste to a stationary table
under similar rising and falling cutters. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of
this machine, and Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; Fig. 3 is a plan of the
stationary table drawn full size, Fig. 4 is a cross section of the same, and Fig. 5
is an elevation of the kind of cutter employed herewith. A are the cutters,
and B is the table; C is the endless cloth for supplying the paste under the
cutters and on to the table; D is a tappet which rotates in the direction of the
arrow when the machine is in motion and acts upon a kicker E; this kicker
swings loosely on a stud F, and has a disc G at the end of the curved leg H,
which fits and rests in a recess formed in the table suitable to receive it. The
tappet presses against the other leg I (which is spring tempered), deflecting
or forcing it from the dotted line during the time the cutters are in action.
When the tappet has passed the point of contact with the leg, the reaction of
the spring leg kicks the cut lozenge upward through the side of the cutter as
shewn in dotted lines on to a tray J, the discs are screwed into the kicker, and
the recesses or dies K are screwed into the table so as to be changeable for
other dies, and recessed for the purpose of cutting different sizes of lozenges
or shapes as may be required. When I use a single row of cutters I arrange
them at such a distance apart in the bar as will allow a breadth of paste suffi-
cient for a row of lozenges to remain uncut, and which I afterwards cut by
causing the centre part of the table, which I prefer to be of marble, stone, or
slate, to move laterally or sidewise. In Fig. 1 (Sheet 14) is a plan of the
table with framing, and Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same.
able part of the table set in a metal frame B, which is recessed or sunk into
the frame of the table. The moveable part of the table is made narrower
than the recess to allow of its being moved laterally as required, which is
effected by a lever C, hinged upon a stud D, fixed to the frame, clipping
another stud E, fixed to the moveable portion of the table and projecting
through a slot hole in the frame of the table; a portion of the table is cut out
to allow the lever to be operated, and the lever is cranked as shewn at Fig. 3
purpose. On each side of the recess are perforations to allow dust
for that
to pass through.
A is the move-
The manner in which these several machines will operate in the manufacture

page_text: or processes of rolling, or smoothing and cutting, or forming paste or plastic
substance into lozenges, or similar articles, will be readily understood by those
conversant with the ordinary means of manufacturing such articles. It will
also be seen that by the use of this Invention they may be manufactured with
great facility, little handling of the paste, and with accuracy of form and
variety of design not heretofore obtainable.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles James Tinker, have hereunto set
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.
my
CHARLES JAMES TINKER. (L.S.)