Improvements in Vehicle Wheels, Pulleys, Grinding and Polishing Wheels, and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 17th May, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Vehicle Wheels, Pulleys, Grinding and Polishing
Wheels, and the like.
I, EMILE EUGÈNE ALBERT SOREL, of 40, Rue Louis Blanc, Paris. in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of wheels for carriages and other vehicles,
pulleys, grindstones, emery wheels and the like, and the invention consists in manu-
facturing such wheels mainly from agglomerates of cork, wood, leather or other
suitable materials, either singly or mixed together. As a uniting medium I make
use of glue, gum or cement, preferably cement, the base of which is oxychloride of
magnesium, because the agglutinative properties of such cement are very great and it
is easily applied.
In manufacturing wheels for carriages, waggons and the like, I employ the
following or an analogous formula:
--
.Calcined magnesia, about 100 parts by weight,
Powdered limestone or other inert substance about 100 parts by weight,
Cork, granulated or in the form of cuttings, shavings or the like about 40 parts by
weight, and
A solution of chloride of magnesium at from 20° to 35° Beaumé, about 100 parts
by weight.
The whole is mixed like ordinary mortar and is then moulded under pressure.
The wheel is then taken from the mould and is hooped or tyred in any suitable
manner.
1 sometimes run the mixture directly into the rim or tyre of the wheel and in such
case I coat the interior of the hoop or tyre with clear cement to increase its adherence
to the body of the wheel which in this case consists of a metal or wooden nave
without spokes; the nave or stock is similarly treated.
In manufacturing driving pulleys they may be made with or without a metal case
or jacket; in the latter case they are provided with a rough surface over which the
driving band or belt will not slip. This roughness of surface allows of them being
employed as friction gearing, if required.
In manufacturing driving pulleys I employ, for forming the body of the pulley, the
following formula which will be found to give a light and strong agglomerate,
videlicet :-
Magnesia about 150 parts by weight,
Powdered limestone about 100 parts by weight,
Granulated cork about 125 parts by weight, and
Chloride of magnesium at 30° Beaumé about 170 parts by weight.
For forming the outer part or circumference of the wheel the quantity of cork
employed should be reduced by about one half so as to obtain a finer and harder
composition.
In the centre of the mould I advantageously place a metal bush or sleeve which

page_text: latter; and when the pulleys are very large they may be advantageously made of a
larger number of parts, the said parts in both cases being preferably connected
together by the improved means hereinafter described with reference to the accom-
panying drawing, in which :-
Figure 1 is a view of part of a pulley, the parts forming the same being rigidly
connected together by my improved means:
Figure 2 is a section on lino A B of figure 1.
care the ends of segments of metal rings embedded in the mass of which the
wheel is composed. which segments hook onto pins or bolts a, a, b, b. These pins
are connected by plates d, d, e, e and screws V. By unscrewing the screws V and
removing the plates the pulley can be taken apart at C D.
It will be obvious that a pulley constructed in parts connected together in this
manner will possess great strength owing to the ring-segments forming a chain
embedded in the interior. In some cases the pins may be dispensed with by
connecting the ends of the metal segments directly to the parts d, d', e, e¹.
The junction of the ring-segments c, c' instead of being effected through the plane
surfaces or sides of the pulley can (as illustrated in figure 3 which is a section of part
of a pulley) be effected on the periphery, in which case the pins could be dispensed
with and the ends of the segments c, c' directed towards the external or internal
circumference of the rim could be screw threaded and secured by nuts f,f directly
to a plate d, d¹ which would unite them.
The arms or spokes could be put in place when moulding the rim or they could
be cemented or screwed on the latter when it has hardened or set.
The outer ends of the arms or spokes, when or after the rim is moulded thereon,
should be bent into a kind of hook, so that they may be connected to the ring
embedded in the agglomerate whereby the strength of the pulley will be increased.
When this is effected after the rim is moulded on the arms or spokes care must be
taken to leave some recesses in the top. Or the said recesses can be made at any
time as the agglomerate works very readily.
In manufacturing polishing wheels I employ a soft composition whereby 1 obtain a
yielding surface. The following formula gives good results :-
Magnesia about 100 parts by weight,
Granulated cork about 150 parts by weight, and
Chloride of Magnesium at 30° Beaumé about 100 parts by weight.
When the wheel has set I coat it with glue over which I sprinkle emery or other
suitable cutting or grinding material in the manner usually employed when manu-
facturing ordinary polishing wheels. To provide a more pliant surface, the periphery
of the polishing wheel can be made in segments of cork which are adjusted and
cemented in position.
In manufacturing grinding wheels I mix the cork with grinding or cutting material
such as emery, silex or the like whereby I obtain light grinding wheels which do not
become so greasy as ordinary grinding wheels.
The following formula is given as an example of this composition :-
Magnesia about 100 parts by weight,
Emery about 400 parts by weight,
Granulated cork about one half the quantity by volume of emery, and
Chloride of magnesium at 30° Beaumé from about 80 to 100 parts by weight.
A further improvement consists in making the central part of such wheels of cork
or of agglomerated light materials whereby the wheels are rendered much lighter,
and can be better compressed between plates; when the wheels become worn through
to the cork they can be renewed by furnishing the central part with a fresh surface
of grinding or cutting material.
The formule above given are those which I have found to give good results in
practice but it will be obvious that the proportions may be somewhat varied and that
I can in place of cork employ wood, leather or the like, in which case it will be
necessary to modify the proportions of the uniting medium or cement owing to the
different densities of the materials.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of wheels of all kinds from agglomerates of cork, wood, leather
or other suitable materials with any suitable cement or glue, substantially as herein-
before described.
2. The use of cements having oxychloride of magnesium for a base in the
agglomeration of cork or other bodies for making wheels.
3. A pulley formed in sections, and provided with means such as those herein
described, for rigidly connecting such sections together in order to allow of the
pulley being mounted on a shaft without it being necessary to dismount the latter,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
4. The use of my improved pulleys for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Dated the 18th day of March 1890
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.