IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Morgan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1880. (A communication from
abroad by Nicolas Glouchoff, of Moscow, in the Empire of Russia, Captain of
Artillery.)
THOMAS MORGAN, Secretary of the Inventors' Patentright Association, Limited,
of 21, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES."
(A communication from abroad by Nicolas Glouchoff, of Moscow, in the Empire of
Russia, Captain of Artillery.)
Electro magnetic and magneto and dynamo electric machines constructed
according to this Invention are based upon the following principle, namely:-
All the galvanic currents induction and Ampere have an angular direction
imparted to them, which arrangement enables the number of conductors to be
reduced to a minimum, thereby diminishing the objectionable resistance, and at
the same time enabling the whole of the copper or iron wire employed for
working the machine to be utilized to the best advantage. It is known (according
to the works of Oerstedt, Ampere, Arago, Faraday, Gangain, and M. de Moncel)
that when a current passes through two conductors in any direction and at any
angle, and when one of such conductors is movable, the movable conductor will
be set in motion, and this motion will continue until the current takes the same
direction in both conductors, and the conductors are parallel with one another.
Machines constructed according to this Invention may be employed for different
purposes, such as scientific experiments, operations in chemistry or physics, or for
industrial objects.
Various arrangements according to which machines may be constructed upon
the principle hereinbefore set forth are hereinafter described by way of example
and illustration.
In one arrangement a flat ring is employed formed of soft iron or bands of iron
coiled in the form of a ring, or a ring of iron wire covered with a copper wire
wound in a spiral coil, or an iron wire similarly insulated. This ring is maintained
in a fixed position, and when an axis is placed within it carrying one or more
permanent horse-shoe magnets, so arranged that the ring is situate between the
two poles of the magnets, and all the poles of one denomination are in the same
plane, the magnets will partake of a rotary motion when an electric current passes
in the coils of the ring. This machine is an electro motor. By imparting rotary

page_text: motion to the axes, and consequently to the horse shoe magnets, a continuous
induction current will be formed in the coils without any commutator, and the
apparatus will then form a magneto electric machine. In some cases four horse
shoe magnets may be arranged in the form of a cross. Another form of arrangement
consists of two, four, or six large steel horse shoe magnets with their poles of one
denomination placed opposite to one another, and at such a distance apart that an
iron ring wound with wire and carried on an axis may move between the poles
of the magnets. By causing a current to pass through the spiral coils of the
ring, the latter will be set in motion, and the apparatus will then form an electro-
motor.
By rotating the axis, and consequently the ring, a current will be produced in
the spiral wire, so that if two circular metal discs revolving with the axis are
connected with the wire coiled in the ring, and dip into troughs containing mercury
or come in contact with metal rubbers in the usual manner, a continuous galvanic
current will be obtained in conductors leading from the troughs of mercury or from
the rubbers. This apparatus forms a magneto electric machine.
For the purpose of increasing the surface of magnetic action, the magnets may be
fitted with small iron plates in the form of a segment of a circle, and placed
opposite to the iron ring. In place of the smooth flat iron ring, a dentated or
toothed ring may be employed. The teeth are formed upon the two wide sides
of the ring, and the intervals between the teeth are filled with coils of insulated
wire. The action of the ring will be the same as in the arrangement herein before
described, only much more powerful. This ring may be combined with permanent
magnets placed opposite its sides. The action will be more intense because the
mass of iron will be nearer to the magnet. This ring may also be combined with
ordinary electro-magnets placed on each side of the ring as with electro-magnets
constructed as hereinafter described. Another modification is this:-Upon an iron
plate an insulated iron wire is coiled in a spiral in the form of a ring of the same
dimensions as the iron ring, and in such a manner that the direction of the current
in the wire is always perpendicular to the wire, and to the direction of the current
of the iron ring which is in motion. Concentric grooves are formed in the plate,
and these grooves or channels are filled with an uninterrupted spiral coil of
insulated wire. Two of these electro magnets can be employed with their coils
turned towards the ring which is placed between the two electro magnets, which
are supported on a common stand or base. By causing a current to pass in the
movable ring it becomes an electro motor, but when the ring rotates a continuous
galvanic current is produced, and the apparatus acts as a dynamo electric machine.
It is evident that the axes of rotation may be arranged either in a horizontal
or vertical position, without any alteration in the principle and action of the
machine.
These machines may also serve as galvanometers, and the intensity and quantity
of the current may be expressed in measures of weight corresponding to the work
performed (such as milligrametres and kilogrametres). The power of an electric
current is measured by the dynamic force which it is capable of developing.
The foregoing explanations demonstrate one of the important features of the
Invention, namely, the dispensing with the commutators or collectors employed
in all other machines, the disadvantages resulting from the employment of which
are well known. These commutators are replaced, as hereinbefore described, by
continuous metal discs placed in communication with the inducting and inducted
circuits in the case of dynamo electric machines, and with the inducted circuits in
the case of magneto electric machines.
Simple rubbers or even troughs containing mercury serve to conduct the currents
generated and so collected in the metal discs to the exterior of the apparatus.
In the case of electro motors the same rubbers or troughs of mercury receive the
external currents destined to act upon the different circuits and become converted
into motion.

page_text: The conducting wires which cover the rings of soft iron form a single circuit,
or they may form two, four, or more circuits, and it is possible to couple them at
pleasure in tension or in quantity by derivation according to the manner in which
the apparatus is employed.
Important points in this Invention are:-The improved system of electro
magnetic, magneto and dynamo electric machines, in which the currents are
always produced normally to one another, the said machines being arranged and
constructed under various conditions herein before described, the forms, materials,
and dimensions of which may be modified without changing the principle of the
Invention.