CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINERY USED IN PAPER MAKING [AND IN THE MATERIAL EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH MATERIAL IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF] CERTAIN PARTS OF RAIL- WAYS, RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES [AND OTHER SIMILAR AND USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1852

page_text: CALLEN AND
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ARTHUR
WELLINGTON CALLEN, of Peckham Grove, in the County of Surrey; Gentle-
man, and JOHN ONIONS, of Southwark, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of February, in
the fifteenth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto us, the said Arthur
Wellington Callen and John Onions, our exors, adññors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
Arthur Wellington Callen and John Onions, or such others as we, the said
Arthur Wellington Callen and John Onions, our exors, admors, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, our Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINERY
USED IN PAPER MAKING [AND IN THE MATERIAL EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH
MATERIAL IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF] CERTAIN PARTS OF RAIL-
WAYS, RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES [AND OTHER SIMILAR AND USEFUL PURPOSES];"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso requiring that we,
the said Arthur Wellington Callen and John Onions, shall particularly de-
scribe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, and cause the same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Arthur Wellington Callen and John Onions, do hereby declare that the nature
of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are particularly described and ascertained in and by this present Specification
or Instrument in writing (that is to say) :-
:-
Our Invention, which has reference to certain parts of machinery used in
paper making, and in railways, and in railway and other carriages, may be
stated to consist,-
Firstly, in forming, moulding, or otherwise constructing metallic bars and
plates employed for pulping rags in the manufacture of paper, in such manner
that the said plates or bars as aforesaid shall be less subject to wear and tear
than those at present in use; that is to say, instead of forming the said pulping
bars or plates of rolled or beaten iron as heretofore, I cast the said bars or plates
in suitable moulds from malleable cast iron or hæmatite ore, the process of
which is well known. In addition to the foregoing peculiarities of my said In-
vention, I also construct the smooth surface rolls (for glossing and finishing
paper in the manufacture thereof) of cast malleable iron, being in practice
preferable to the mode of manufacturing the same by the present method,
whereby economy with durability of construction is obtained.
Next, my Invention has for its object the application of the said process of
casting in malleable iron from the hæmatite ore to the manufacture of railway
chairs and sleepers, so as to render the employment of them less liable to
fracture than when, as at present, metal is made use of in a crude and brittle
state.
Lastly, our improvements have reference also to the same method of casting
all descriptions of working bearings in railway and other carriages, and in
case-hardning such portions of the same as are most subject to friction.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we hereby declare that the nature of our said
Invention, as above described, is fully set forth. And we furthurmore declare
that what we claim as new, and of our said Invention, is,―
Firstly, the casting of the said metallic bars and plates employed in pulping
rags in the manufacture of paper in cast malleable iron from the hoematite
ore as aforesaid, as also the glossing or finishing paper rolls as aforesaid.
Secondly, for casting, as aforesaid, railway chairs and sleepers in hoematite
ore or malleable iron.

page_text: Thirdly, and lastly, the casting of railway carriage and other bearings, as
aforesaid, in malleable iron.
In witness whereof, we, the said Arthur Wellington Callen and John
Onions, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourteenth day
of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-two.
ARTHUR WELLINGTON (L.s.) CALLEN.
JOHN (L.S.) ONIONS.