CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BOBBIN NET LACE, ALSO CALLED TWIST NET OR LACE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING FIGURED OR ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET LACE, OR FIGURED OR ORNA- MENTED TWIST LACE
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CROFTS, of Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of September, in the seventh
year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Crofts, His especial license, full power,
sole privilege, and authority that I, the said William Crofts, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such other as I, the said William Crofts,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all
His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of “CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BOBBIN NET LACE, ALSO CALLED
TWIST NET OR LACE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF
MAKING FIGURED OR ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET LACE, OR FIGURED OR ORNA-
MENTED TWIST LACE;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
that I, the said William Crofts, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Crofts, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention relates, first, to improvements in machinery for making
bobbin net lace, also called twist net or lace, whereby I am enabled to produce
by such machinery bobbin net or twist lace with open scolloped edges, by
causing a narrow portion of the twist lace or net, at the edge or head thereof,
at intervals to separate and be carried out from the main ground or body of
the twist lace or net during the time of making bobbin net or twist net or
lace by such machinery, and then the narrow portion of twist lace or net is
caused to join with the main ground or body of the twist lace or net, by the
threads of which the meshes of such narrow portion or edge are made
combining with the threads which form the meshes of the main ground or
body of the twist lace or net, and by this means the open scolloped edges are
combined with and form part of breadths of twist lace or net, and in con-
sequence of such open scollops or edges being carried out and separated from
the body or ground of net, the twist lace or net, when taken off the machine
and the breadths separated from one another, the heads or edges will stand
off in scollops from the ground with which the open edges are combined,
and without the necessity of any after process to draw out such edges into
scolloped forms, whether it be of a sharp vandyke or of a more rounding
form, and such open scolloped edges are produced in bobbin net or twist lace
machines by suitable arrangements of the mechanism of such machines as
will cause the threads of which the meshes of the scolloped edges are produced
to be carried progressively from the threads which are producing the meshes
of the main ground or body of the lace or twist net, and then to cause
such threads, of which the open scolloped edges are produced, to approach
progressively to the threads which are producing the main body or ground
of the twist lace or net, and combine therewith. It will be seen that so
far as the separating of the edges at intervals in the lengths of the breadths
of twist lace or net by my improvements, the bobbin threads are caused
to work in such manner as to produce lengthened bullet holes near the
edges or head of each breadth of twist lace or net, so far therefore there is no
claim of novelty under the present Letters Patent, the modes of producing
such bullet holes in various classes of machines being well known, and the
first improvements only relate to the combining bobbin net or twist lace

page_text: machinery in such manner that, in addition to the formation of such bullet
holes, there shall be a suitable arrangement of the mechanism progressively
to carry out the separated edges as they are forming by the working of the
machinery, and then progressively to bring back the edges, in order that the
threads of which the open scolloped edges are formed to combine with the
threads which are producing the main body of the bobbin net or twist lace,
and hence, whatever be the arrangement of the bobbin net or twist lace
machinery, there is to be allowed such a space between each breadth of twist
lace or net (which is being produced by machinery) as to allow of the scol-
loped open edges being carried out, and such spaces are obtained by omitting
so many of the bobbin threads and warp threads as may be determined on,
depending on the extent to which the scolloped edge is to be carried off from
the main ground or body of the bobbin net or twist lace, and suitable means
are to be provided for lacing the various breadths together. The mode I prefer
for accomplishing this object is so to arrange the working of the lacing threads
that they will give off unequal lengths, according to the form of the scolloped
edges which are being produced; by this means the broad sheet of lace (com-
posed of breadths laced together) will have an even and unpuckered surface,
and when the broad sheet of net is removed from the machine, and the lacing
threads removed, the breadths will have open scolloped edges, as above
described; hence, this arrangement of machinery is particularly applicable to
silk laces or twist nets which it is desirable to obtain in a finished state
directly from the machine as well as cotton or thread lace, which usually
undergoes a process of dressing after it leaves the machine. Thus far, in
order to observe simplicity of description, I have treated of these, my first
improvements, as producing plain bobbin net or lace or twist lace, but the
same may in the progress of making have ornamental thread work or other
ornaments produced, according to the taste of the workman, such as inlaying
of gymp threads, or otherwise; and I have in the Drawings shewn only
the means of making plain bobbin net lace, as the groundwork or body to
which the scolloped edges are applied; but by well-known variations, various
descriptions of fancy nets or lace or fabrics may be produced, and by my
improvements have scolloped edges combined therewith; but such fancy nets
or fabrics so made by bobbin net machines forms no part of my first improve-
ments now under description. From the foregoing explanation, aided by a
description of the Drawings marked A, as workmen will readily be enabled
to carry out the object of this part of my Invention; the Drawings marked A
being an arrangement of bobbin net or twist lace machinery suitable; and the
best I am acquainted with, for performing such first part of my Invention.

page_text: At the same time, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
such arrangement, as the same may be varied, in order to adapt so much of
my present Invention to other bobbin net or twist lace machinery, which,
though essentially the same so far as the evolutions of the bobbin threads and
warp threads are concerned, differ in the mechanical details by which the
evolutions of those threads are brought about to produce the same end; but
an intelligent workman acquainted with bobbin net or twist lace machinery,
by observing the description above given, and the explanation of the Drawings
marked A, will readily perform my Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS MARKED A.
These Drawings shew various views of the machinery, arranged according
to my first improvements, as well as detached views of many of the parts
separately; but the names or character of the parts being written on the
Drawings, and as such parts are for the most part well-known, though in some
degree differently combined in various classes of bobbin net or lace or twist net
or lace machinery, it will not be necessary to enter into a particular descrip-
tion of each part, but confine myself principally to the description of the
means of arranging and combining those parts which are adapted to carry
out my improvements, together with such information as may be necessary
to shew their relative action with other of the parts. The machine here
shewn is so combined that there is an independent lever pusher opposite
each space (for the carriages) between the combs, such arrangement
offering great facility for changing the pattern of twist lace or net which
is to be made, and such independent lever pushers are acted on by barrels
having projecting pins or studs, on the arrangement of which will depend
the order in which the lever pushers will be actuated. The work roller
is below the combs and carriages, and the work is taken down by the
front points, which are fourteen to the inch, the back points, also fourteen to
the inch, being used for holding the work when the front points leave the net
or lace to ascend in order to take down, as will be fully understood by the cut
of the wheels and the description hereafter given. The independent lever
pushers select and push the carriages; the carriages are then carried forward
by lockers. The main warp threads which make the body or main ground-
work to which the scolloped edges are applied are passed through single-tier
guides, whilst the warp threads which are for making the narrow portion of
the lace or net, and which are to form the scolloped edges, are passed through
extra guides, and have racking movements lengthwise of their bar, in order to
accompany the bobbin threads as they separate from the threads which are

page_text: making the main body or groundwork to which the scolloped edges are con-
nected, and at other times such extra guides approach to the main guides to
form one equally spaced row of guides, at which time the whole of the bobbin
threads work together, and produce the ordinary crossings or traversings by
which the narrow portions at the edge or head of the twist lace or net are
joined with the main body of the twist lace or net; then, as the extra guides
separate from the main guides, the ground and the narrow portion of twist lace
or net which forms the scolloped edge separate by the well-known operation of
turn-again, in like manner to that of producing bullet holes, differing only in
the threads of the narrow portion of the edge being carried out of their position
with respect to the body or ground to which the scolloped edge is connected.
In all the Figures of the Drawing the same letters of reference indicate similar
parts.
a is the main shaft, which receives motion from the winch handle, as
is clearly shown in the Drawing, and as is well understood. On the main
shaft is affixed the crank b, for giving the oscilating movement to the front
and back pusher bars, with their pushers and organ barrels, such pusher bars
being mounted on crank bar arms and axes, as is clearly shewn in the
Drawing, and their swinging movement is obtained by means of the connect-
ing rod or link c, attached to the crank b, and at the other end to the arm d,
affixed on the axis of the back pusher bar, and the motion of the front pusher
bar is obtained from the back pusher bar by means of the connecting rod or
link e, such connecting rod being attached at one end to an armi affixed to the
axis of the back pusher bar, and at the other end of the connecting rod e it is
attached to an arm f, affixed to the axis of the front pusher bar, hence, by the
rotation of the main shaft the proper swinging or oscilating movement is
communicated to the front and back pusher bars, and the necessary racking of
the barrels (which by their studs or pins govern the order in which the lever
pushers are acted on) is produced by the outward swing of the pusher bars by
means of the drivers g, which are drawn in towards their ratchet wheels by
springs, and such ratchet wheels are prevented returning by the clicks or catches
h. The drivers g, g, being attached by pin joints to arms or levers on the axes of
the barrels, consequently, when the barrels move outwards, the trucks or rollers
on the other ends of the levers i pass up the curved inclined planes j, by which
the levers i and the drivers g will be raised, and thus will the ratchet wheels
of fifty-six teeth on the barrels be actuated one tooth at each swinging
outwards of the pusher bars; the front pusher bar barrel being actuated by
its driver, on swinging outwards, and the back pusher bar barrel being actuated
by its driver, on swinging outwards; the respective ratchet wheels of the
barrels of the front and back pusher bars being prevented moving by their

page_text: clicks or catches on the swinging in of the front and back pusher bars
respectively. On the main axis a is affixed the cam, which works the front
locker bar; k is a lever moving on a fulcrum or axis at the back of the
machine. This bar k is acted on by the cam for working the front locker bar,
there being a truck or roller on an axis affixed to the lever k, and the motion
thus obtained to the lever k is communicated to the front locker bar by means of
the connecting rod or link 1, which is connected by pin joints to the lever k,
and to a short crank arm affixed to the front locker bar, and the lever k is
constantly kept up to its cam by a spring, as is clearly shewn in the Drawings.
The back locker bar is by its cam (which is affixed to the main shaft a)
worked in a similar manner to the front locker bar, as will readily be under-
stood on an examination of the Drawings. The back and front locker bars
are employed for passing the carriages through the warp threads, the inde-
pendent lever drivers selecting and partly driving the carriages for that
purpose. It will be seen that each independent lever driver has a spring
which constantly presses it downwards towards its barrel. The nature and
construction of those independent drivers, and their mode of application and
action, being most clearly shewn in the Drawing, no further description will be
necessary, further than to remark that they move on axes, and are lowered at
their inner ends in order to come in the way of their respective carriages by
pins affixed in barrels acting on inclined planes formed on the under sides of
the lever pushers, such lifting of the outer ends and lowering of the inner ends
of the levers being performed at those times when it is (from the nature of the
pattern) required that particular carriages should be selected, and by the
lockers passed through the warp threads, the carriages opposite those lever
pushers which are not for the time being acted on by pins remaining stationary
in their combs. On the main shaft a is affixed the driving cog wheel m, which
receives motion from the winch handle turned by the workman, there being a
cog wheel in the axis of the winch handle, and an intermediate cog wheel by
which the motion from the winch handle turned by the workman is commu-
nicated to the cog wheel m, and, consequently, to the main shaft a, as is well
understood in the lace trade as the usual mode of working hand rotatory
machines. On the main shaft a is affixed the pinion n, which takes into and
drives the cog wheel on the lower shaft o, the teeth of the pinion n being only
one-seventh of the number of the teeth of the cog wheel on the lower shaft o,
hence the lower shaft o only makes one revolution to seven of the main shaft a;
and on the main shaft a is affixed the worm or screw or inclined plates p,
which take into and drive the toothed wheel 9 (of one hundred and twelve teeth)
on the axis r, at the left-hand end of the machine, that axis turning in suitable

page_text: bearings affixed to the end framing, as is clearly shewn in the Drawing, and
the worm p, on the main shaft drives round the axis once for every fifty-six
revolutions of the main shaft a. On the lower shaft o is affixed the cam, which
actuates the driver s, which drives the ratchet wheel affixed on the axis t, on
which axis are affixed the various racking wheels hereafter described; the
axis t turning in suitable bearings at the right-hand end of the machine, as is
clearly shewn on the Drawings; the driver s being connected by a connecting
rod to a lever, which, by means of a truck or roller, is acted on by the cam
for that purpose. On the lower shaft o is affixed the cam for raising and
lowering the back points, which cam acting on the lever v, which moves on a
fulcrum or axis at the back of the machine, as is clearly shewn, there being a
truck or roller moving on an axis affixed to the lever v, which rests on the
surface of the cam; u is a connecting rod or link attached by pin joints to
the lever and to the back point bar; thus the back points will rise or
fall depending on the cut of its cam affixed on the lower shaft o, and the back
points are thrown out by means of another cam affixed on the lower shaft o
acting on the arm w, affixed on the crank bar axis of the back points, which
axis moves in bearings at the back of the machine, as is clearly shewn
in the Drawing; such arm w having a roller or trunk which rests on the
surface of the throwing-out cam. On the lower shaft o is affixed the
cam for working or drawing off unequal lengths of the lacing thread;
this cam actuates the lever x, which moves on an axis or fulcrum at the
back of the machine, there being a driver on the lever x, which works
the ratchet wheel on the axis y, there being à cam on that axis which
acts on a projectien on the under side of the arm z, affixed on the crank
bar axis, which carries the forks A affixed to each other lacing carriage, in
order to draw off such a quantity of lacing thread as is required for lacing the
scolloped edges, by which means, notwithstanding the undulations of such
edges, the broad sheet of lace (composed of breadths laced together) will be
even and unpuckered, as will be evident on examining the Drawings. The
cam on the axis y is cut suitably to draw off varying lengths of thread, and is
also so cut as to cause the forks, at the time the threads are lacing the right-
hand selvage thread, to move in towards the front of the machine, accom-
panying the lacing threads (as the carriages proceed from the back into the
front combs), in order to ensure the lacing threads being carried correctly into
the front points. On the lower shaft o is affixed the cam for throwing out the
front points, which cam acts on an arm affixed on the crank bar axis of the
front points at the front of the machine, similar to that used for the back
points; and on the lower shaft o is also affixed the cam for raising and lowering

page_text: the front points, such cam acting on a lever moving on an axis at the front of
the machine, from which lever there is a connecting rod to the front points,
in like manner to those used for the back points. On the lower shaft is
affixed the cam which works the driver B of the ratchet wheel of the racking
wheels which work the guides which carry the gymping threads, the racking
wheels and there ratchet wheel being affixed together; they move on the axis r
at the left hand end of the machine, and are by their driver caused to move in
an opposite direction to that of the axis r, and consequently to the racking
wheels which are affixed to that axis r. The various cams above mentioned
being shown on the Drawings in their places and separately, a workman will
readily trace the effect they are intended to produce, and in order to assist him
as much as possible, I have given a plan of the position of the various guides
and carriages at the moment of time No. 1 is racked on all the cams and wheels,
by paying attention to which, and to the observations already and hereafter
given, a workman will readily adjust the parts to perform correctly, bearing in
mind that the pattern of lace or twist net for which the machine is now
set is to consist of eight bobbin threads and their warp threads in each breadth
to be produced, and a lacing thread to each breadth. The barrels which work
the independent pushers consist of two cylinders, (similar to organ barrels, one
at the front and the other at the back of the machine, their axes moving on
suitable bearings carried by the pusher bars; such barrels having projecting
pins so placed as to act on certain lever pushers and to miss others, according
to the pattern to be produced. The working to be performed by the various
threads, so far as the plain net is concerned, as before stated, consists of eight
bobbin threads and their guide threads; of these bobbin threads there are five
at all times producing the main body or ground of the net, and three bobbin
threads for producing the scolloped edge for each breadth of lace or twist net
produced across the machine, and according to the cut of wheels shewn in the
Drawings; the three bobbin threads, which are at any time producing the open
scolloped head or edge, have an extra half twist put on to every other half hole,
and the edge or scollop is joined to the main body of the net by two crossings
or traversing of the bobbin threads, and the three carriages for the scollop, and
the five carriages for the main body or ground of the net, with their respective
guide threads, work separate from each other during the fourteen crossings
or traversings of the bobbin threads, during which time the carriages and
guides are performing their evolutions as if the head or edge and the
body of the lace were two separate breadths of lace or bobbin or twist
net, and similar to each other, excepting that there is, as before stated, an
extra twist on every other half hole of the open head or scolloped edge, and

page_text: the two crosses, for joining the open edge to the body or ground, having been
performed, the three carriages and their guide threads progressively move out
from those producing the body or ground, the traversing of the bobbin
threads of the body or ground, and the traversing of the bobbin threads
of the scolloped or open edge, being performed without the bobbin thread of
one crossing into the other, and in like manner as if each part were a separate
breadth. In the Plan No. 1, showing the positions of the various guides and
carriages at the time of racking No. 1 on all the cams and wheels, it will be
seen that the five carriages (the bobbin threads of which make the ground or
body of the net) are to the right hand, and are in the back combs. The five
main warp threads for such five carriages are four of them passed through the
eyes of four guides affixed on the main guide bar, and the outer or right-hand
main guide thread is passed through the eye on the right-hand selvage guide
bar, but the guides are so bent as to range in an uniform row, as is shown.
The three carriages (the bobbin threads of which are now making the scol-
loped edge) are three spaces to the left of the five carriages, there being now
two unoccupied spaces of the combs between the carriages of the scolloped
edge and the carriages of the body or ground, and the three carriages are
capable of moving one space further to the left by the working of the machine.
The lacing carriage is two spaces from the three carriages which are now
making the open head or scolloped edge, there being one unoccupied space of
the combs between the lacing carriage and the three carriages, and there is
one unoccupied space of the combs to the left hand of the lacing carriage and
the carriage of the next breadth, hence, each breadth, according to this
arrangement, occupies thirteen spaces of the combs, and it will be seen that the
three warp threads of the scollop are two of them from a separate beam, and
passed through the eyes of two guides affixed on the scollop guide bar, and
the third or left-hand outermost thread is from a separate beam, and passes
through a guide affixed on the left-hand selvage guide bar, but the guides
are so bent as to range in a row corresponding with the main guides of which
the body of lace or twist net is made. I have thus far treated of the working
of the machine as making plain net or twist lace, but the machine is arranged
for laying in two gymping threads, which are passed through the eyes of two
guides on separate guide bars, the action of which and the mode of laying in
the same will be traced by an examination of the cut of the gymping wheels,
as shown in the Drawings. In the Drawings, the end views and sections are
shewn in the position the parts would assume just before racking No. 2 of the
wheels. It will only be desirable further to remark, in respect to the working
of the machine, that the front points draw out and rise up at racking No. 5,

page_text: penetrate the threads on No. 6. Just before racking No. 7 they descend just
below the carriages, and stop for a short period, in order to allow of the bobbin
threads as they come into the front combs to get fairly into the points, and
take down on racking No. 7 of the ordinary lace wheels; and a similar action
of the front points takes place at the racking of No. 12, 13, and 14 of the
ordinary lace wheels, which are on the axis t at the right-hand end of the
machine, and such action of the front points takes place at every revolution of
those wheels, and it will be seen that the gymping wheels are so cut (in addi-
tion to the other movements produced by them to their gymping guide bars),
that the gymping guides shall move one space to the right, and back one space
to the left, at the racking of Nos. 14, 28, 42, 56, &c., that is, at each time of
racking No. 14 of the ordinary lace wheels.
Having thus described the nature of the first part of my Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would remark that although I have shown
a particular arrangement of machinery, having an independent lever pusher for
each space of the combs, such arrangement offering great facility for changed
the pattern, and although I have stated certain breadths of bobbin net or twist
lace made up of eight bobbin threads and eight guide threads, and the scollops
of a particular length, and joined at intervals by two crossings or traversings of
the bobbin threads, these may be varied, provided the property of carrying
out of the open head or scolloped edges into suitable spaces be retained in the
making of bobbin net or twist lace with open scolloped edges by bobbin net
or twist lace machinery be retained; and although I have shewn a mode of
laying in ornamental gymp threads, I make no claim thereto, nor to any part
of the machinery separately or combined, other than is herein described,
as the particular novel features of this part of my Invention, and hereafter
claimed as such; and altho' I have confined the description to making that
description of twist lace commonly called bobbin net, I do not confine
myself thereto, bobbin net twist lace or net machinery being well known as
capable of making various descriptions of twist lace or net by well-known
arrangements, for it will be evident that carrying out of the open head or
edge into suitable spaces, to form open scolloped edges, may be performed
with such descriptions of twist lace or net; and although I have shewn a
particular mode of lacing the breadth together, I do not confine myself thereto,
through I conceive it to be the best to accomplish the object desired.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, which relates
to a mode of producing that description of ornamental bobbin net or twist lace
which is called honeycomb open work, and my present improvements apply
only to that description of bobbin net or twist lace machinery called double-

page_text: tier, and which traverse the bobbin threads diagonally across the width of the
lace or twist net, the warp threads proceeding longitudinally from end to end
of the piece. And I would here remark, that I did, in a Specification to a
Patent granted to me by His present Majesty, bearing date the Twentieth day
of November, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, fully describe as
my Invention the making of twist lace or bobbin net with ornamental stripes
of honeycomb open work by such machines as traverse the bobbins, and in
such Specification I did claim the making of such ornamental honeycomb
open work by three particular improvements, as, on reference being had to
such Specification, willy fully appear; but in such Invention the ordinary
diagonal traversing or crossing of the bobbin threads takes place notwith-
standing the varying size of the holes or meshes of which the ornamental parts
are composed. And in a Specification of a Patent granted to me by His
present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-five, I did describe and claim a mode of making such ornamental honey-
comb open work by single-tier machinery by the aid of turn-again combs,
producing enlarged holes by preventing the traversing or crossing of certain
bobbin threads, and thus causing enlarged holes or meshes, which, when the
same were combined with taping threads, produced ornamental open work
similar in appearance to that described by me in my previous Patent, but such
mode of preventing the crossing or diagonal traversing of particular bobbin
threads required the application of certain turn-again combs well known in
single-tier machinery, but not applicable to double-tier machinery.
'
My present improvements, which constitute the second part of my Invention,
consist in so arranging that description of bobbin net or twist lace machinery,
called double-tier machinery, as to produce enlarged holes, by preventing
the crossing or diagonal traversing of certain bobbin threads combined with
taping thread, by which the enlarged holes at their tops and bottoms are partly
filled up, and the surrounding and intervening holes or meshes of the bobbin net
are contracted or filled or partly filled up, by which new arrangement or com-
bination of the parts of double-tier machinery (meaning by that term to include
the pusher machine, which has double-tier main guides, (that is to say,) the warp
threads are threaded through a front and back row of guides having independent
rackings, and although the combs are capable of receiving in one row, side by
side, the whole of the carriages, they are worked through the warp threads in
two rows, each row consisting of every alternate carriage,) bobbin net lace with
ornamental honeycomb open work may be produced. But I make no claim
to making enlarged holes by preventing the ordinary diagonal traversing of

page_text: certain bobbin threads by means of double-tier machinery, unless the same be
combined with taping threads for partly filling up the tops and bottoms of the
enlarged meshes, and for filling up the surrounding holes; nor do I claim the
arranging the parts of double-tier machinery so as to produce what is called
taping or the weaving in of additional threads, unless such taping be combined
with suitable arrangements for preventing the ordinary diagonal traversing or
crossing of certain bobbin threads in double-tier machinery, to produce that
description of ornamental open work called honeycomb open-work. The
making of enlarged meshes or holes, called bullet holes, in the midst of bobbin
net or twist lace, by double-tier machinery, by preventing certain bobbin
threads from performing the ordinary diagonal traversings or crossings by
what is called turn-again, being well understood, very little description will be
required for pointing out the new arrangement and working of the parts for
producing such turn-again movements in combination with suitable means for
taping, or it may be called lacing and filling and surrounding the meshes; in
order to produce the ornamental open work, called honeycomb open work.
But in order to give the fullest information to the workman for carrying
out these my second improvements, I have annexed the Drawings marked B,
in which are shewn various views of a double-tier single locker rotatory
machine, arranged according to my second improvements; these Drawings
also shew many of the parts separately, and as the names of the various
parts are written on the Drawings, and as the working of this description
of machinery is familiar to workmen engaged in the making of lace, it will
not be necessary to enter into a description of such parts, other than the under-
standing of the working of my improvements may require. The machinery,
as represented, is intended for making bobbin net or twist lace in one width,
from end to end of the machine, but it will be evident that by the application
of the ordinary well-known means the machine may be made capable of
producing breadths, joined together by suitable lacing threads, as is well
understood. The only variation necessary for applying my improvements in
this machine is to cut out so much of the back driving bar as will allow for
obtaining a turn-again movement to a determined number of carriages opposite
where it is intended to make honeycomb open work. According to the
Drawings, there is a space opposite each stripe of honeycomb open work
equal to eight carriages, and there are two sets of four guides, on two separate
guide bars, which have their respective guide bar wheels, and over the spaces
so cut out of the back driving bar there are two sets of four pushers on two
separate pusher bars, which are racked by their separate racking wheels, and
there are four holders which retain back those carriages in their combs which

page_text: are missed at any time by the back driving bar. It should here be stated that
in the Drawings the levers which work the taping thread guide bars, the levers
which work the extra pusher bars, and the lever which works the holder bar
are in the sectional view, and the front and back views, shown as acting
against the side of the wheels, the rises and falls being cut on projecting edges,
which is in fact the construction of this part of the machinery; but in the
separate Drawing of the wheels themselves, in order to the quantity of rising
and falling of the parts being readily read off, I have shewn the steps or
cuttings on the periphery, as the depths of the falls and the heights of the
rises could not be correctly shown on a flat surface.
I will now proceed to describe the working of a course, first observing
that the sectional views of the Drawing represent the positions of the
parts at the time of racking No. 1, at which time the front comb bar is
moved as far to the left as it can go, and is capable of racking one space
to the right. The back and front points are in the inner taping guides,
and the outer taping guides are in a middle position; they are each capable
of moving one space to the right and one space to the left of their present
position; they are now equally spaced, the inner taping guides being to the
right hand of the outer taping guides. The front main guide bar is racked
as far as it can go to the left hand, and can rack one space to the right
hand. The back main guides are racked as far as they can go to the right
hand, and they are capable of racking one space to the left hand. The
holders are moved to the left hand as far as they can go, they are capable of
racking one space to the right hand from their present position, they are
now holding back the carriages in four spaces. The upper pushers are
standing over the lower pushers. The whole of the carriages are in the
back rows of combs, the carriages come forward (except those which are
held back by the holders and are missed by the pushers) the front row of
carriages enter the front combs and rack No. 2. The front come bar goes
one space to the right, the holders descend, the front main guides go one
space to the right, the back main guides go one space to the left, the inner
and outer taping guides remain as they were, the carriages come forward, the
back row of carriages come into the front combs and rack No. 3. The front
comb bar goes one space to the left with all the carriages but the four back
carriages which were missed by the pushers, the front and back main guides
remain as they were, the inner taping guides move one space to the left, the
outer taping guides remain as they were, the carriages go back, the back row of
carriages into the back combs, and the wheels rack No. 4. The front comb bar

page_text: moves one space to the right, having the front row of carriages in them, the
front main guides remain as they were, the back main guides go one space to
the right, the inner taping guides go one space to the right, the outer taping
guides remain as they were, the carriages move back, the front row of car-
riages go into the back combs, and the upper pushers go one space to the left,
by which the openings before left are covered, thus producing a continuous
driving bar which will take all the carriages and rack No. 5. The front comb
bar remains as it was, the front main guides remain as they were, the back main
guides go one space to the left hand, the inner and outer taping guides remain
as they were, the carriages come forward, the front row of carriages come into
the front combs, and the wheels rack No. 6. The front comb bar remains as
it was, the front main guides go one space to the left hand, the back main
guides remain as they were, the inner taping guides go one space to the
left hand, the outer taping guides remain as they were, the carriages come
forward, the back row of carriages come into the front combs, and the
wheels rack No. 7. The front comb bar remains as it was, the front main
guides go one space to the right hand, the back main guides remain as they
were, the inner taping guides go one space to the right-hand, the outer taping
guides remain as they were, the carriages move back, and the back row
of carriages go into the back combs, and the wheels rack No. 8. The front
comb bar remains as it was, the front main guides remain as they were, the
back main guides go one space to the right hand, the inner taping guides go
one space to the right hand, the outer taping guides remain as they were, the
carriages move back, and the front row of carriages go into the back combs,
and the wheels rack No. 9. The front comb bar remains as it was, the front
main guides go one space to the left, the back main guides go one space to
the left, the inner taping guides go two spaces to the left, the outer taping guides
remain as they were, the carriages move forward, and the front row of car-
riages come into the front combs, and the wheels rack No. 10.
comb bar remains as it was, the front main guides go one space to the right
hand, the back main guides remain as they were, the inner taping guides go
one space to the right hand, the outer taping guides remain as they were; the
carriages come forward, and the back row of carriages come into the front
combs, and the wheels rack No. 11. The front comb bar remains as it was,
the front main guides remain as they were, the back main guides go one space
to the right hand, the inner and outer taping guides remain as they were, the
carriages move back, and the back row of carriages enter the back combs, and
the wheels racks No. 12. The front comb bar remains as it was, the front
The front

page_text: main guides remain as they were, the back main guides remain as they were,
the inner and outer taping guides remain as they were, the carriages move
backwards, and the front row of carriages go into the front combs rack No. 13.
The lower pusher racks one space to the left, hence the four carriages now in
those spaces of the back combs out of which the carriages were formerly
selected by the pushers and driven forward will now be missed by the pushers
and held by the holders, whilst the four carriages in those spaces which had
their carriages held back in the former instance will now be selected and
pushed forward by the pushers, which is a repetition of No. 1 of the front comb
bar wheel. The front comb bar racks one space to the left hand, the front
main guides go one space to the left hand, the back main guides remain as
they were, the inner and outer taping guides remain as they were, the car-
riages (excepting those held back in the four spaces of the back combs) and
the front row (less four) of the carriages come into the front combs and the
wheels rack No. 14, which being a repetition of No. 2, it will not be necessary
to go through a further description of those parts which are repeated in the
same manner, but confine the description in the remainder of the rackings to
the inner and outer taping threads, which differ from what have been described,
the inner taping guides and also the outer taping guides remain as they were;
rack No. 15. The inner taping guides remain as they were, the outer taping
guides go one space to the left; rack No. 16. The inner taping guides remain
as they were, the outer taping guides move one space to the right, rack
No. 17. The lower pushers move one space to the right, the inner taping
guides remain as they were, and so do the outer taping guides, rack No. 18.
The inner taping guides remain as they were, the outer taping guides go one
space to the left hand; rack No. 19. The inner taping guides remain as they
were, the outer taping guides go one space to the right, rack No. 20. The
inner taping guides remain as they were, the outer taping guides go one space
to the right hand; rack No. 21. The inner taping guides remain as they were,
the outer taping guides go two spaces to the left-hand, rack No. 22. The
inner taping guides remain as they were, the outer taping guides go one space
to the right hand; rack No. 23. The inner taping guides remain as they were,
the outer taping guides remain as they were; rack No. 24. The inner and
outer taping guides remain as they were, the upper pusher bar goes one space
to the right, by which the pushers will stand over each other leaving spaces
between them and the wheels rack No. 1, which will bring the parts again to
the same relative positions as were stated at the commencement of working of
the course. I have, for the purpose of keeping the description as simple as

page_text: possible, said nothing about the taking-up by the front and back points, but
I will now remark, that the front point bar is drawn out at the racking of
No. 3, goes down at No. 4, and enters the warp threads just before racking
No. 5, and gets up on racking No. 6; and it should be stated that the front
points before they enter the warp threads move half a space to the right, and
when they have entered the warp threads they move half a space. to the left
hand, and then enter the front row of bobbin threads and also the back row of
bobbin threads, and then go up. The back points draw out at No. 9, descend
at No. 10, and enter the warp threads just before racking No. 11, and get up
at No. 12. The back points having entered the warp threads move half a
space to the right hand, then enter the back bobbin threads and move one
space to the left, and enter the front row of bobbin threads, and move back half
a space to the right, and,
go up.
These movements being performed by plates
at the end of the machine, as is well understood.
Having now described the nature of the second part of my Invention or
improvements, and having explained the object to be obtained and the
working of the parts for that purpose, a workman from such description, aided
by the Drawing, will readily carry the improvements into effect; and although
I have confined my description to one class of double tier machinery, a work-
man will readily adapt the same to other classes of double-tier machinery, for,
although the parts are operated upon in some degree differently, such other
classes, so far as the movements to produce bullet holes and for making the
plain bobbin net or lace are substantially the same. And I would further
remark, that in this second part of my Invention I do not claim any of the
parts separately or combined, other than is hereafter particularly pointed
out and distinctly claimed as the second part of my Invention.
I will now proceed to describe the third part of my Invention or improve-
ments, which consists of a mode of applying and constructing independent lever
pickers or pushers to bobbin net or twist lace machinery, and in the application
of certain sliding drivers, and in the application of lengthened bolts or combs in
which the bobbin carriages of bobbin net machinery work, whereby I am
enabled to select any carriage or carriages, and cause their bobbin threads so
to be worked into the fabric (which is being produced by the bobbin net or
twist lace machine to which my improvements are applied), so as to produce
varied patterns of ornamental work varying in design, according to the order
in which such independent lever pickers or pushers are actuated, and which
order may be constantly changing as the fabric is produced at the same time.
From the nature of the improvements the various evolutions of the machinery

page_text: may be performed with great certainty and safety, notwithstanding the changes
which are being made in the pattern produced, or the particular manner in
which certain carriages are at one time selected to perform or produce ene
description of effect, and at another time to produce another effect..
11
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS MARKED C.
In which the same letters and figures of reference are used to indicate
similar parts whenever they occur.
Figure 1 is a left-hand end view; Figure: 2 is a transverse section, and
Figure 8.is-a-back view of a machine having my improvements applied thereto
on a'small scale; but in order fully to explain the manner in which the bobbin
carriages are actuated, I have shewn three full-sized sectional views, Figures
4, 5, and 6, shewing the carriages in different positions, and the positions of
the various parts for obtaining such effect to the carriages, in addition to
which. I have shewn separate views of many of the parts full size, but as their
names are written on the Drawings, and as such parts are shewn in their
places in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, it will not be necessary to call more
attention to them, further than to describe their object and action as they are
found in those Figures, the object of shewing the parts on the Drawings being
to assist the workman in carrying out the Invention. The improvements, as
shewn in the Drawings marked C, are applied to that description of bobbin
net or twist lace machinery known as double-tier rotatory, and as the working
of. such machinery is well understood, it will not be necessary to enter into a
particular description of the parts further than to explain how my present
improvements are to be applied thereto, and in order to facilitate the workman
in understanding this description of machinery as improved by. me, I have
written the names of the parts on the Drawings, by which their relative places
with respect to each other, and also with respect to my improvements, will
quickly be traced on an examination of the Drawings marked C, aided by the
following explanation of the mode of working. It will be seen that the back
combs a are considerably longer than ordinary combs, and in place of their
being only capable of holding two bobbin carriages between their spaces, each
space is sufficiently long to hold four carriages. The object of such lengthening
of the combs will be hereafter described; with the exception of their length,
they do not materially. vary from ordinary combs other than each having an
under tang 6 (or it may be a separate comb screwed on the back comb bar),
for guiding the independent lever pushers or pickers hereafter described,
and thus retain such pickers. or pushers to work correctly under the spaces
one picker or pusher to each. space of the back combs, in order to their

page_text: selecting the carriages which are in the spaces of the combs above them.
The back combs are cast in leads, and are affixed on the back comb bar, as is
clearly shewn in these Drawings. The front combs are of the ordinary kind.
c, c, are independent lever pushers or pickers, they move on an axis at d, such
pushers working between plates which are cast in leads, as is shewn in the
Drawing, in order to attach them to the under part of the back comb bar,
such plates keeping the neighbouring pickers or pushers separate from each
other, and are perforated for the passage of a strong wire at d, which serves
as an axis for the lever pushers or pickers; and it will be evident that as
there is an independent lever pusher working under each space of the
back combs, the manner in which the bobbin threads of the carriages
working at any time in a particular space of the combs will depend on
the order in which the particular picker or pusher under such space is
acted on. The upper ends of the independent pushers or pickers work, as
before stated, between the tangs or lower parts of the combs, which serve as
parallel guides to the upper parts of the independent pushers or pickers; and
the lower ends of the independent pusher or pickers work between parallel
guide plates e, which are cast in leads at both ends, one end thereof being
suitably formed for screwing such leads of parallel plates to the bar f. By this
means correctness of action is insured to the independent lever pushers or
pickers c, c. The independent lever pushers or pickers are selected by means
of the swing links g, which are bent up at the lower ends, and have a project-
ing tang or neb h, as is clearly shewn in the Drawings; the upper end of each
swing link g is connected by a pin joint to a levers i, the levers i moving on
axes j, which are strong wires passing through perforated plates and through
the levers i, such levers being separated in combs, one from another, by plates
between them, the plates being cast into leads and screwed to the back framing
of the machine, all which is clearly shewn in the Drawings; and it is these
levers i, i, which are in the first instance selected by a perforated pattern card,
or by a barrel similar to an organ barrel, as will be hereafter described; and to
ensure correctness of action of these levers i, their outer ends move between
parallel guide plates k, which, being cast into leads, are affixed to the projecting
bar at the back of the machine, as is clearly shewn in the Drawings; and as
these points are shewn separately full size, as well as in their places in the
various Figures of the Drawings, they will be readily understood. On the
under side of each lever i is formed a projection 1, by which each lever will be
supported when it comes on to and rests on an unperforated surface of a card,
or in case of such projection 7-coming opposite a hole in a pattern card, it will
fall through such hole; hence, the lever i will descend lower down and take a

page_text: different position to those levers i, the projection of which rests on unper-
forated surfaces; and in consequence of such difference of action of the levers i,
which operate on the bobbin carriages, they produce different effects with
their threads in the fabric which is being made in the machine. The machine
here shewn is so arranged as to act on and select the levers i, by means of
perforated cards, similar to those used in that description of machinery for
weaving called jacquard looms; and as the threads of the carriages between
each space of the combs are acted upon by independent lever pickers or
pushers, it will be evident that the effect produced by the threads will depend
on the pattern punched on the pattern cards, and consequently the order in
which the levers i are thereby selected, by which means any particular
carriages may be so acted on as at one time to be making plain bobbin net or
twist lace, at other times in making a close weaving by the interlaying of the
bobbin threads amongst the warp thread, without the twisting of the threads at
other times, to produce bullet holes and breadths of bobbin net or twist lace,
according to design, varying when and as often as the pattern may require.
m are levers, moving on axes at the back of the machine, which levers have
trucks or rollers at their lower ends, which work on cams n affixed on the main
shaft o.
At the upper end of the levers m is affixed the plate p, which has a
long slit or opening cut therein, through which the nebs or tangs h of the
swing links 9 pass; consequently, as the plate p moves forward or backward,
it carries the whole of the swing links with it, and the carriages, in particular
spaces, will be retained back in the back combs wherever the levers i, by their
projections I, fall into holes in the pattern card; bringing the swing links in
contact with the independent lever or pusher will cause those particular
carriages to be selected; whilst, opposite, those levers i, which come on an
unperforated surface of the pattern card, will be free. q is an arm on a crank
bar axis q, which raises and lowers what I call the lifter, for raising and lower-
ing the outer ends of the lovers i, in order to relieve the pattern cards
(or pattern cylinder) from the weight of such levers during the time of
moving such pattern cards up and down, as hereafter described. On the
end of the arm 9 there is a wheel or truck, which rests on the surface
of the cam r, which is affixed on the main axis or shaft o; and 8, 8,
are arms which raise and lower the upright bars t, t, which slide in guides
or holes at the back of the machine, as is clearly shewn in the Drawings,
there being studs on the lower ends of such upright bars t, t, which enter
slits or holes formed at the outer ends of the arms 8, 8.
At the upper
ends of the bars t, t, is affixed the horizontal bar v, which I call the lifter,
its duty, as above stated, being to support the weight of the levers i, and only

page_text: permit such levers to come in contact with the pattern card when it is at rest,
in place of allowing the pattern card, in its rising, to strike against and lift the
levers i; but when the card has arrived at its position, the lifter v descends
and permits the levers i to come on to the pattern card, in doing which the
projections on those levers which are required to keep back the carriages
(working in those spaces of the combs which are acted upon by those levers i),
will descend into perforations in the pattern card, whilst the projections on the
other levers will raise on the plain surface of the card. u is an arm affixed to
a crank bar axis w at the back of the machine; at the end of the arm u, is a
truck or roller, which rests on the cam a, affixed on the main shaft o, such cam
being for the purpose of raising the bars z, there being arms y 'affixed on the
crank bar axis w, having slits or holes at the ends, through which studs affixed
on the upright bar z pass, by which means those bars z are raised and lowered.
The bars carry what is called (in jacquard looms) the cylinder, being a
square bar having grooves formed longitudinally on its four surfaces, to allow
of the projections 1 of the levers i to fall through the cards, when perforated, as
will be clearly understood on an examination of the Drawings now under
description. The jacquard cylinder moves on axes, which turn in suitable
bearings formed in the bar z. At each end of the jacquard cylinder is affixed
a plate A, having four notches cut therein, into which the catches B fall, they
being constantly pressing on the plates A by springs, as is shewn; hence, when
the jacquard cylinder has been turned to is proper position, it will be so retained
by the catches B till by the lowering of the jacquard cylinder a tooth of the
ratchet wheel C comes in contact with the driver D, which, in the descending
of the jacquard cylinder, causes that cylinder to turn one-fourth round, and
thus bring up a fresh pattern card, as is well understood; the catches B sliding
out of the notches in the plate A as the jacquard cylinder descends, and the
descending of the jacquard cylinder is effected by the arm E affixed on the
crank bar axis w, there being a truck or roller on the arm E, which rests
against the cam F, affixed on the main shaft or axis o, all which will be most
clearly traced in the Drawings marked C. The 'back driving bar G is guided
in its movement by means of the guide plates H, which move on axes at I,
such guides projecting below their axes, and have trucks or rollers, which rest
against the cams J, which cams are affixed on the main shaft o, and they are
so cut or formed as to bring the upper surface of the guide parallel to the back
combs at that period of time when the back driving bar is to descend and carry
down with it those carriages which have not been selected, the back driving bar,
when not so guided, having a tendency to fall, by being drawn away from the
back combs. By the guides G being cut to the same curve as the back combs,

page_text: the back driving bar descends between the guides G and the back combs
carrying down the unselected carriages, and when at the end of its movement
the cams J. permit of the driver being drawn back out of the way, and so to
ascend to be ready to be carried in towards the back combs at the proper
period; and it will be seen in a view of part of the machine, which is dra
between Figures 1 and 2, that the back driving bar is connected with the
ordinary swing jacks, by which its descending and ascending movements are
obtained. It will be seen that the back driving bar does not act directly on the
carriages, but it acts on what I call sliding drivers, which have three nebs formed
thereon, as is clearly shewn in the Drawings. These sliding drivers are of the
length of two carriages, and there is one such sliding driver in each space of
the back combs; and these sliding drivers K are grooved on one side, in like
manner to the bobbin carriages, by which they are retained in the back combs,
and work in the spaces thereof in a similar manner to bobbin carriages. L is a
cam, affixed on the main shaft, which works the front locker bar, which has
two locker blades, as is shewn in the Drawing. The cam L works the lever
M, which moves on a fulcrum at the back of the machine, and has a roller or
truck which rests against the cam L, from the lever M the connecting rod N
rises, it being formed into a toothed rack at its upper end, which takes into
the toothed sector on the axis of the front locker bar, by which means the
front locker bar is worked in the rising and falling of the connecting rod N, as
is well understood. The bar locker bar has only a single locker blade, which
is bent over, in order to enter between the combs. and their projecting tangs,
and this back locker; is worked by the cam O, affixed on the main shaft; the
cam O works the lever P, which moves on a fulcrum, and has a truck or
roller which rests against the cam O, and the motion thereby obtained is com-
municated to the back locker by means of the connecting rod Q, which is
attached at one end by a pin joint to the lever P, and at the other end by a
pin joint to an arm on the back locker bar. R is an upright shaft at the right-
hand end.of the machine, which receives its motion from the bevelled pinion S,
affixed on the main shaft O, taking into the bevelled toothed wheel T, affixed
on the upright shaft R. On the shaft R are also affixed the front point bar
wheels, the front comb bar wheel, those bars being respectively borne up by
springs. These wheels being shown separately in the Drawings, their mode of
action will.readily be traced; and in order to give the workman the best infor-
mation to aid him in setting up the various parts .correctly, I will now pro-
ceed to work a course of one revolution of the shaft R; and in order to make
the working of the machine and variations of pattern it is capable of pro-
.

page_text: ducing as simple as possible, and thus enable the workman readily to see
whether all the parts are correct for work, and if not, to enable him to detect
any error, and set it right. I will suppose, in working such course of one
revolution of the upright shaft, the machine is intended to make plain bobbin
or twist lace, for if the parts of the machine are correctly set for making plain
bobbin net, the changing the pattern will depend on the pattern cards, of
which I will hereafter speak more fully, as this part of the subject will become
quickly familiar to the workman, with very slight explanation, when the
machine is once complete for work; but in first setting up a machine, the
workman should pay attention to the parts being correctly arranged for making
bobbin net, the movements for doing which being well understood, he will have
very little trouble in doing so if he follow attentively the cut of the wheels
and cams of the Drawings, and the following explanation of working one
revolution of the upright shaft R, first remarking, that the Drawings (with the
exception of Figures 5 and 6) represent the various parts in the positions
they would assume on racking No. 5 of the wheels, and the pattern card is not
such an one as is described at racking No. 5, in the course of one revolution of
the shaft R, about to be described, for making plain bobbin net, for in place of
the levers i being partly held up and partly down, as in the Drawing, the card
will, when making plain bobbin net across the machine at racking No. 5 of the
wheels, be perforated, to allow of all the projections 7 of the levers i falling
through the card. I will now suppose that the machine has been at work
and is stopped at No. 1 on all the wheels, the position of the parts should
be as follows:-There would be a blank or unperforated card on the jacquard
cylinder, therefore all the levers i would be lifted, and all the carriages are in
the back combs. The front comb bar is moved as far to the left hand as it
can go, and is capable of racking one space to the right hand from its present
position. The front main guard bar has gone as far as it can go to the right
hand, and is capable of moving one space to the left hand; but before the front
row of carriages enter the warp threads, the front guide bar will move one space
to the left; the object of so going one space to the right is to allow of the front
points entering correctly, in order to take up the work. The back main guide
bar is as for as it can go to the left hand, and is capable of moving one space
to the right hand from its present position. Continuing the motion of the
machine, the front row of carriages come into the front combs, and the wheels
rack No. 2. The front comb bar moves one space to the right hand, the
front main guide bar moves one space to the right hand, the back guide bar
remains as it was, the back row of carriages come into the front combs, and

page_text: the wheels rack No. 3. The front comb bar moves one space to the left hand,
the front guide bar remains as it was, the back guide bar remains as it was, the
back row of carriages go into the back combs, and the wheels rack No. 4.
The front comb bar moves one space to the right hand, the front guide bar
remains as it was, the back guide bar removes one space to the right hand,
the front row of carriages go into the back combs, a fresh pattern card is
brought up by the jacquard cylinder, perforated in such manner as to allow
all the projections of the levers i to fall through, and the wheels rack No. 5.
The front comb bar moves one space to the left hand, the front guide bar
moves one space to the left hand, the back guide bar moves one space to the
left hand, the carriages remain in the back combs, but the swing jacks swing
to the centre, and the carriages remain in the back combs in consequence of
all the sliding drivers being raised up in such manner that the back driving
bar come below the upper nebs of the sliding drivers, the wheels rack No. 6.
The front comb bar moves one space to the right hand, the front guide bar
moves one space to the right hand, the back guide bar remains as it was, the
back driving bar comes against the middle nebs of the sliding drivers, and the
front row of carriages come into the front combs, and the wheels rack No. 7.
The front comb bar moves one space to the left hand, the front guide bar
moves one space to the left hand, the back guide bar remains as it was, the
carriages remain in the centre, the front row in the front combs, and the back
row in the back combs, and the wheels rack No. 8. The front comb bar moves.
one space to the right hand, the front and back guide bars remain as they
were, the front row of carriages go into the back combs, a fresh pattern card is
brought, which being unperforated, it will keep all the levers i lifted up, the
wheels rack No. 9. The front comb bar moves one space to the left hand, the
front and back guide bars remain as they were, the front row of carriages go
into the front combs, and the wheels rack No. 10; The front comb bar remains
as it was, the front and back guide bars remain as they were, the back row of
carriages come into the front combs, and the wheels rack No. 11. The front comb
bar remains as it was, the front guide bar moves one space to the right hand,
the back guide bar remains as it was, the back row of carriages go into the
back combs, and the wheels rack No. 12. The front comb bar remains as it was,
the front guide bar remains as it was, the back guide bar moves one space to
the right hand, the front row carriages go into the back combs, a fresh pattern
card is brought up, which is unperforated, the wheels rack No. 13. The front.
comb bar remains as it was, the front guide bar moves one space to the left
hand, the back guide bar moves one space to the left hand, the front row of

page_text: carriages come into the front cambs, and the wheels rack No. 14. The front
comb bar remains as it was, the front guide bar moves one space to the right
hand, the back guide bar remains as it was, the back row of carriages come
into the front combs, and the wheels rack No. 15. The front comb bar remains
as it was, the front guide bar remains as it was, the back guide bar moves one
space to the right hand, the back row of carriages go into the back combs, and
the wheels rack No. 16. The front comb bar remains as it was, the front guide
bar remains as it was, the back guide bar moves one space to the left hand,
the front row of carriages go into the back combs, a fresh pattern card is
brought up by the jacquard cylinder, which being so perforated as to allow of
all the projections 7 of the levers i falling through, and hence selecting all the
carriages, the wheels rack No. 17. The front comb bar remains as it was, the
front guide bar moves one spáce to the the left hand for the correct entering
of the taking-up points, but 'moves back immediately one space to the right
hand, the back guide bar remains as it was, the carriages remain in the back
combs, as formerly described, in consequence of the back driving bar coming
below the upper nebs of the sliding drivers which have been raised out of the
way of the back driving bar, the wheels rack No. 18. The front comb bar
remains as it was, the front guide bars move one space to the left hand, the
back guide bar remains as it was, the front row of carriages come into the
front combs by the back driver coming against the middle nebs of the sliding
drivers, the wheels rack No. 19. The front comb bar remains 'as it was,
the front and back guide bars remain as they were, the carriages remain as
they were, and the wheels rack No. 20. The front comb bar remains as it
was, the front guide bar moves one space to the right hand, the back guide
bar moves one space to the right hand, the front row of carriages go into the
back combs, a fresh perforated pattern card is brought up, by which all the
carriages are selected, that is, all the projections 7 of the levers i fall through
the card, the wheels rack No. 21. The front comb bar remains as it was,
the front and back guide bars remains as they were, the carriages remain in
the back combs, the wheels rack No. 22. The front comb bar remains as it
was, the front and back guide bars remain as they were, the front row of car-
riages come into the front combs and the wheels rack No. 23. The front comb
bar remains as it was, the front guide bar remains as it was, the back
guide bar moves one space to the left hand, the carriages remain as they
were, that is, the front row of carriages in the front combs and the back
row in the back combs, and the wheels rack No. 24. The front comb bar
remains as it was, the front guide bar moves one space to the left hand,

page_text: the back guide bar remains as it was, the front row of carriages go into the
back combs, a fresh pattern card is brought up, and the wheels rack No. 1,
which brings all the parts to the same position as they were at starting the
course. In order to avoid complexity of description, I have avoided saying
anything about the taking-up points and the working of the front and back
lockers. The work is at all times taken up by the front points, and in working
they draw out and descend as low as the tops of the carriages, and they draw
out when the carriages are one row in the front combs and one row in the back
combs. The points descend as the front row of carriage go into the back combs
and they penetrate by the time the front carriages are locked into the 'back
combs. The front points ascend as the swing jacks move from the back to the
centre, and the points are quite up by the time the swing jacks are in the
centre. The back points merely take the work from the front points. The front
points have also a racking motion lengthwise of the front point bar, by means
of the front point bar wheel affixed on the upright shaft R; thus, at racking
No they enter the warp threads, move half a space to the left, and enter the
front row of bobbin threads; then they move one space to the right, to enter the
back row of bobbin threads, and as the points get up the wheels rack No: 2.
The back points are drawn out and descend sufficiently to enter below the
front points, the front points go half a space to the left hand, and the back
points enter. The front points descend, go half a space to the right, and
again enter the warp threads on racking No. 5, and enter the front and back
row of bobbin threads and go up, the back points drawing out at the racking of
No. 6 by the wheels, and descend below the front points, the front points move
half a space to the left hand, and the back points enter below the front points.
The front points take up at the racking of Nos. 9 and 10, 13 and 14, 17 and 18.
At racking Nos. 21, 22, although a like twist to those just before taken up (the
front guides being one space to the right hand of the position they were in at the
former taking up), the front points before entering the warp threads go one
space to the right hand, then enter the warp threads, and shortly after racking
No. 21 they go half a space to the left hand, and enter the front and back rows
of bobbin threads, the back points draw out, the front points move half a space
to the left, and the back points enter just below the front points. The back
locker, which has only a single blade, is so worked as to lock at every racking,
and will lock all the carriages which may be in the back combs, and when there
are no carriages the back locker locks back the sliding drivers by their middle
nebs. The front locker bar has two blades, and is so worked as to move at
cach racking, and in such manner that when the front row of carriages comes

page_text: into the front combs the front blade locks them in by the front blade taking
against the inside of the front nebs of the front row of carriages. When the
back row of carriages come into the front combs, the back blade takes hold of
the inside of the front nebs of the back row of carriages, and locks both rows of
carriages in the front combs. As the swing jacks go back the back blade
of the front locker bar moves round to allow the back row of carriages to pass
over and also the back nebs of the front row of carriages, and when the swing
jacks are in the centre the back blade of the front locker bar locks the front
row of carriages in the front combs by coming against the inside of the front
nebs of the front carriages. The back blade of the front locker bar moves
round to allow of the front nebs of the front carriages to pass over, as the front
row of carriages are driven by the front driving bar into the back combs, and
the front blade comes into position to receive the front row of carriages, as
before. When the carriages, or a part of the carriages, are selected and locked
in the front comb bar for a time, when the back locker bar leaves them free
they fall forwards, and the front nebs of the front row of carriages come against
the front blade of the front locker, and so remain till the back locker takes
hold of the inside of the back nebs of the back row of carriages and locks them
in the back combs; the back blade of the front locker bar locks the front row
of carriages in the front combs. The continued working of the machine, as
described with respect to the working the first course, will, if only the same
cards be used, produce plain bobbin net across the width of the machine; but if
those six cards be altered and have six all unperforated cards, or if the lifting
bar of the levers i be made fast in its highest position, the continued working
of the machine will produce a plain weaving, without twist, across the width of
the machine; hence, the machine, according as the cards are perforated, so will
be the pattern of work produced, by which means varied ornamented bobbin net
and twist lace may be produced; thus, supposing it is desired to produce stripes of
weaving without twist and stripes of twist lace opposite each ten or other number
of the spaces in the combs, the workman would so perforate the cards at the
parts were the twist lace is to be produced, as they were described in working
the first course, whilst opposite those ten, were weaving without twist is to
take place, all the cards would be unperforated, or the stripes may be made
diagonally by selecting the lever pushers one space further towards either end
of the machine; but for this pattern, and for any other were the pattern is to
be constantly varying, there will require six cards properly perforated for each
hole; and it will be evident that each lever i may be changed in its mode of
working, and consequently the effect produced by the bobbin threads on which

page_text: a particular lever is acting through the aid of the pushers c; and it will be
further evident that if any particular bobbin threads across the piece be for a
time prevented producing the crossing or traversing whereby the tops and
bottoms of the meshes are formed, then there will be what are called bullet
holes, one opposite each lever pusher so worked. And it will further be evi-
dent that by producing turn-again, as is well understood, opposite certain lever
pushers, breadths may be made. I would now remark, that in place of working
the levers i by means of jacquard machinery, or apparatus, they may be worked.
by means of a cylinder or barrel, having pins or studs somewhat similar to
an organ barrel mounted on the upright bars z, which carry the jacquard
cylinder, and turning in bearings at each end in like manner thereto, in which
case the organ barrel would have a like up-and-down motion to that described
for the jacquard cylinder, bringing up a fresh row of pins or studs at each
rise, those pins being placed to take the levers i which formerly were supported
by the cards, and these will require no pins where the levers are to descend
in order to select their carriages. In this case the levers i should move all on
one line of axis, and the projections should range in one line, that is say,
all the levers i will be like each other. And it should be stated, that great
advantage will be derived by giving the organ barrel an up-and-down motion,
or a movement from the projections 1, during the time that the levers i are
supported by the lifting bar, from the circumstance of the closeness to which
the rows of pins or studs may be placed in respect to each other; or, in place
of the barrel rising and falling, the object of which is that it may move round
and bring up a fresh row of pins or studs when the levers i are not bearing
thereon, the same effect may be obtained by lifting off the ends of the levers i
by the lifting bar, and allow of the barrel moving round clear of the pins or
studs. In using such an organ barrel it will require six times as many rows
of pins or studs as the pattern to be produced extends over meshes, there
being six rows of points or studs allowed for each mesh, and a suitable ratchet
wheel, driver, and catch are to be provided for racking the cylinder one row
of pins or points as it ascends to receive the projections 1 of the levers i.
Having thus described the third part of my Invention or improvements,
I would remark that I lay no claim to any of the parts here shewn, separately
or combined, other than is hereafter more particularly pointed out and
claimed as the third part of my improvements; and I would also observe, that
I do not claim generally the selecting of particular carriages, or every of the
carriages of bobbin net or twist lace machinery, by independent pushers or
pickers and organ barrel, I having described a mode of using similar instru-

page_text: ments in the Specification of my Patent granted to me the Twenty-seventh
day of May, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four; 'nor do I claim the
using of perforated cards or other suitable perforated surfaces for acting on
independent drivers or pushers, they having been so so applied before, and
described and claimed' in the Specification of a Patent granted by His present
Majesty to Samuel. Draper, of Basford, bearing date the Fifteenth day of
October, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five. I have not thought it
necessary to show any extra guides or wheels for producing other' thain plain
bobbin net, but it will be evident that by well-known variations other descrip-
tions of twist lace may be obtained in this description of machinery, and the
fabrics produced may be further ornamented by extra threads, such as gymp
thread, or otherwise, according to the taste of the workman.
What I claim as the first part of my Invention is the so arranging of bobbin
net or twist lace machinery (capable of producing at the edges narrow portions)
that the edge of the twist net or lace (or the threads of which the edge of
each breadth is composed) may, in the act of working the machinery, be
alternatively progressively carried out into suitable spaces from the body or
ground, and again brought back in order to form open scolloped edges, as
above described.
Secondly, I claim the making of honeycomb open work, by producing
enlarged holes by preventing the crossing or diagonal traversing of certain
bobbin threads combined with taping threads, by which such enlarged holes at
their tops and bottoms are partly filled up; and the surrounding holes of the
bobbin net or lace are filled or partly filled up or contracted when such com-
bination is applied to that kind of bobbin net or twist lace machinery known
as double-tier machinery, as above described.
Thirdly, I claim the application to bobbin net or twist lace machines of
elongated combs with sliding independent drivers working therein, whereby
any or all of the carriages may be retained back out of the way or driven
orward, as above described.
And do claim the application of the levers i, and their swing links g, and
their mode of selecting any or, every of the carriages, in place of the pattern
surface (whether a pin barrel or perforated surface) acting directly on the
independent lever pushers or pickers, whereby great safety and certainty of
action are obtained to the working of the parts for selecting carriages in
bobbin net or twist lace machinery, and the pattern cylinder or surface is well
cut of the way of the working of the other parts, as above described.
And, lastly, I claim the application of what I have called the lifting bar v,

page_text: for the purpose of preventing the pattern surface coming against the projections
of the levers i whilst such surface has motion thereto, which from sudden
contact would be injurious to the surface, but by the lifting bar the weight of
the independent lever pushers or pickers, and parts connected therewith, is
supported, and when the pattern surface is in position the weight is gradually
lowered down, and by which means, when a barrel is used, the rows of pins
or studs can be placed much closer together, in consequence of the levers not
resting against the barrel or the pins thereof at the time of turning to bring
a fresh row of pins or studs, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Crofts, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.
WILLIAM (L.S.)
OFTS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of March,
in the seventh year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the
the said William Crofts came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery
and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.