IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASBESTOS TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES, INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR PARTS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES, THE LINING OF THE FURNACES OF STEAM ENGINE BOILERS, AND OTHER USES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Dudgeon, of No. 14, Stock Orchard Villas,
· Caledonian Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASBESTOS TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES,
INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR PARTS OF STEAM AND
OTHER ENGINES, THE LINING OF THE FURNACES OF STEAM ENGINE BOILERS,
AND OTHER USES."
Sealed the 24th April 1877, and dated the 20th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Dudgeon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1877.
1
ALEXANDER DUDGEON, of No. 14, Stock Orchard Villas, Caledonian Road, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASBESTOS TO
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES, INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR
PARTS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES, THE LINING OF THE FURNACES OF STEAM
ENGINE BOILERS, AND OTHER USES."
My Invention has for its object improvements in the application of asbestos to
various useful purposes, including the manufacture of packing for parts of steam and
other engines, the lining of the furnaces of steam engine boilers, and other uses.
In order to produce an efficient and a durable packing, I use asbestcs in sheets; formed
either in a similar manner to asbestos paper, with or without one or more layers of
gauze to give cohesion to the asbestos, and I fix the said asbestos sheet in strips of
suitable widths, short distances apart, on canvas made of cotton, flax, hemp, or other
cloths, so that when the canvas is rolled up with a solution of india-rubber or other
similar adhesive substance, a bag, or succession of bags is formed, wherein the sheets
of asbestos are confined, thus preventing waste of asbestos which cannot escape into
the gland until the outside layer of canvas is worn through. Thus the successive
layers of asbestos in the bags are successively brought into contact with the piston
or other rod, or moving part of the machine, as the packing wears.
In a modified form, I make this packing with strips of asbestos sheet as the core,
plaited or woven round with a first covering of cotton, flax, hemp, or other vegetable
fibre, which I then cover with asbestos sheet, over which I superpose another
plaited or woven cover, and so on, repeating the process until the required thickness
of packing is made up. This packing may be steeped in a solution of silicate of

page_text: soda, silicate of potash, stannate of soda, or other substances containing properties
to resist the action of great heat, or in paraffin or other lubricating substances.
I also use asbestos in combination with silicates as herein-after mentioned, as a
lining for furnaces, cupolas, crucibles, or apparatus for fusing metals, stoves, and for
other analogous purposes.
I grind the asbestos, without any admixture of clay or earthy matter, and I mix
it in a solution of silicate of potash, silicate of soda, stannate of soda, or other
chemical substances possessing similar properties, and then, with or without pressure,
I mould the composition into the form of bricks or tiles, or other required form, and
dry and burn up to a high temperature, thus producing a compound substance made
wholly of asbestos and silicates practically indestructible by fire or heat. Fibrous
asbestos may be added to the composition or it may be coloured for ornamental
purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Dudgeon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
August 1877.
ALEXANDER DUDGEON, of No. 14, Stock Orchard Villas, Caledonian Road, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASBESTOS TO
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES, INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR
PARTS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES, THE LINING OF THE FURNACES OF STEAM
ENGINE BOILERS, AND OTHER USES."
My Invention has for its object improvements in the application of asbestos
to various useful purposes, including the manufacture of packing for parts of steam
and other engines, the lining of the furnaces of steam engine boilers, and other
uses.
In order to produce an efficient and a durable packing for parts of steam and
other engines, I use asbestos in sheets, formed in a similar manner to asbestos paper,
with or without one or more layers of gauze to give cohesion to the asbestos, and I
fix the said asbestos sheet in strips of suitable widths, short distances apart, on
canvas made of cotton, flax, hemp, or other cloths, so that when the canvas is rolled
up with a solution of india-rubber or other similar adhesive substance, a bag, or
succession of bags is formed, wherein the sheets of asbestos are confined, thus pre-
venting waste of asbestos, which cannot escape into the gland until the ontside layer
of canvas is worn through; thus the successive layers of asbestos in the bags are
successively brought into contact with the piston or other rod, or moving part of
the machine, as the packing wears.
In a modified form, I make this packing with strips of asbestos sheet as the core,
plaited or woven round with a first covering of cotton, flax, hemp, or other
vegetable fibre, which I then cover with asbestos sheet, over which I superpose
another plaited or woven cover, and so on, repeating the process until the required
thickness of packing is made up. Packing as described may be steeped in a solution
of silicate of soda, silicate of potash, stannate of soda, or other substances containing
properties to resist the action of great heat, or in paraffin or other lubricating
substances.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 shews in plan, and
Figs. 2 in section, a piece of canvas a on to which is fastened a core consisting of
alternate strips of asbestos b and fine gauge 6*, also a sheet of asbestos c. Having
fastened the compound core and the asbestos on to the canvas, I next coat the
surface, shewn in Fig. 1, with a solution of india-rubber, and I then roll the canvas
with its superposed asbestos around the core, after which the compound body may
be pressed into any convenient sectional form, as for instance, into the forms shewn
in Figs. 3, 4, and 7.

page_text: Figs. 5 and 6 are corresponding views to Figs. 1 and 2, shewing the mode of
making the packing with a number of strips c of asbestos sheet, the process of
manufacture being the same.
Figs. 8 and 9 shew how the packing is made with diagonal strips of asbestos
sheet c, and Figs. 10 and 11 shew the packing when made with plaited or woven
vegetable fibre in lieu of canvas.
I also use asbestos in combination with silicates, as herein-after described, as a
lining for steam boiler and other furnaces or fire-places.
I grind the asbestos (in any suitable grinding machine) without any admixture of
clay or earthy matter, and I mix it in a solution of silicate of potash, silicate of soda,
stannate of soda, or other chemical substance possessing similar properties, and
then, with or without pressure, I mould the composition into the form of bricks or
tiles, or other required form, and dry and burn up to a high temperature, thus pro-
ducing a compound substance made wholly of asbestos and silicates, and presenting
considerable resistance to the destructive action of fire or heat.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained the mode of
carrying it into practical effect, I would have it understood that I do not claim
generally the use of asbestos in the manufacture of packing, nor do I claim, per se,
the use of asbestos in conjunction with plaited or woven fabrics, or the use of silicate
of soda, silicate of potash, stannate of soda, or paraffin, in the manufacture of
packing, but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the application
and use of asbestos in the manufacture of packing in the manner above described
with reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings for the purposes specified ;
also the manufacture of the improved fire-resisting compounds of asbestos and
silicates, as herein-before described, for the lining of furnaces and fire-places.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Dudgeon, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ALEXANDER DUDGEON (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Dudgeon, of No. 14, Stock Orchard Villas,
Caledonian Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASBESTOS TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES,
INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR PARTS OF STEAM AND
OTHER ENGINES, THE LINING OF THE FURNACES OF STEAM ENGINE BOILERS,
AND OTHER USES."
Sealed the 24th April 1877, and dated the 20th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Dudgeon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1877.
ALEXANDER DUDGEON, of No 14, Stock Orchard Villas, Caledonian Road, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASBESTOS TO
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES, INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR
PARTS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES, THE LINING OF THE FURNACES OF STEAM
ENGINE BOILERS, AND OTHER USES."
My Invention has for its object improvements in the application of asbestos to
various useful purposes, including the manufacture of packing for parts of steam and
other engines, the lining of the furnaces of steam engine boilers, and other uses.
In order to produce an efficient and a durable packing, I use asbestos in sheets, formed
either in a similar manner to asbestos paper, with or without one or more layers of
gauze to give cohesion to the asbestos, and I fix the said asbestos sheet in strips of
suitable widths, short distances apart, on canvas made of cotton, flax, hemp, or other
cloths, so that when the canvas is rolled up with a solution of india-rubber or other
similar adhesive substance, a bag, or succession of bags is formed, wherein the sheets
of asbestos are confined, thus preventing waste of asbestos which cannot escape into
the gland until the outside layer of canvas is worn through. Thus the successive
layers of asbestos in the bags are successively brought into contact with the piston
or other rod, or moving part of the machine, as the packing wears.
In a modified form, I make this packing with strips of asbestos sheet as the core,
plaited or woven round with a first covering of cotton, flax, hemp, or other vegetable
ibre, which I then cover with asbestos sheet, over which I superpose another
plaited or woven cover, and so on, repeating the process until the required thickness
of packing is made up. This packing may be steeped in a solution of silicate of

page_text: soda, silicate of potash, stannate of soda, or other substances containing properties
to resist the action of great heat, or in paraffin or other lubricating substances.
I also use asbestos in combination with silicates as herein-after mentioned, as a
lining for furnaces, cupolas, crucibles, or apparatus for fusing metals, stoves, and for
other analogous purposes.
I grind the asbestos, without any admixture of clay or earthy matter, and I mix
it in a solution of silicate of potash, silicate of soda, stannate of soda, or other
chemical substances possessing similar properties, and then, with or without pressure,
I mould the composition into the form of bricks or tiles, or other required form, and
dry and burn up to a high temperature, thus producing a compound substance made
wholly of asbestos and silicates practically indestructible by fire or heat. Fibrous
asbestos may be added to the composition or it may be coloured for ornamental
purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Dudgeon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
August 1877.
ALEXANDER DUDGEON, of No. 14, Stock Orchard Villas, Caledonian Road, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ASBESTOS TO
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES, INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR
PARTS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES, THE LINING OF THE FURNACES OF STEAM
ENGINE BOILERS, AND OTHER USES.'
My Invention has for its object improvements in the application of asbestos
to various useful purposes, including the manufacture of packing for parts of steam
and other engines, the lining of the furnaces of steam engine boilers, and other
uses.
In order to produce an efficient and a durable packing for parts of steam and
other engines, I use asbestos in sheets, formed in a similar manner to asbestos paper,
with or without one or more layers of gauze to give cohesion to the asbestos, and I
fix the said asbestos sheet in strips of suitable widths, short distances apart, on
canvas made of cotton, flax, hemp, or other cloths, so that when the canvas is rolled
up with a solution of india-rubber or other similar adhesive substance, a bag, or
succession of bags is formed, wherein the sheets of asbestos are confined, thus pre-
venting waste of asbestos, which cannot escape into the gland until the outside layer
of canvas is worn through; thus the successive layers of asbestos in the bags are
successively brought into contact with the piston or other rod, or moving part of
the machine, as the packing wears.
In a modified form, I make this packing with strips of asbestos sheet as the core,
plaited or woven round with a first covering of cotton, flax, hemp, or other
vegetable fibre, which I then cover with asbestos sheet, over which I superpose
another plaited or woven cover, and so on, repeating the process until the required
thickness of packing is made up. Packing as described may be steeped in a solution
of silicate of soda, silicate of potash, stannate of soda, or other substances containing
properties to resist the action of great heat, or in paraffin or other lubricating
substances.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 shews in plan, and
Figs. 2 in section, a piece of canvas & on to which is fastened a core consisting of
alternate strips of asbestos b and fine gauge b*, also a sheet of asbestos c. Having
fastened the compound core and the asbestos on to the canvas, I next coat the
surface, shewn in Fig. 1, with a solution of india-rubber, and I then roll the canvas
with its superposed asbestos around the core, after which the compound body may
be pressed into any convenient sectional form, as for instance, into the forms shewn
in Figs. 3, 4, and 7.

page_text: Figs. 5 and 6 are corresponding views to Figs. 1 and 2, shewing the mode of
making the packing with a number of strips c of asbestos sheet, the process of
manufacture being the same.
Figs. 8 and 9 shew how the packing is made with diagonal strips of asbestos
sheet c, and Figs. 10 and 11 shew the packing when made with plaited or woven
vegetable fibre in lieu of canvas.
I also use asbestos in combination with silicates, as herein-after described, as a
lining for steam boiler and other furnaces or fire-places.
I grind the asbestos (in any suitable grinding machine) without any admixture of
clay or earthy matter, and I mix it in a solution of silicate of potash, silicate of soda,
stannate of soda, or other chemical substance possessing similar properties, and
then, with or without pressure, I mould the composition into the form of bricks or
tiles, or other required form, and dry and burn up to a high temperature, thus pro-
ducing a compound substance made wholly of asbestos and silicates, and presenting
considerable resistance to the destructive action of fire or heat.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained the mode of
carrying it into practical effect, I would have it understood that I do not claim
generally the use of asbestos in the manufacture of packing, nor do I claim, per se,
the use of asbestos in conjunction with plaited or woven fabrics, or the use of silicate
of soda, silicate of potash, stannate of soda, or paraffin, in the manufacture of
packing, but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the application
and use of asbestos in the manufacture of packing in the manner above described
with reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings for the purposes specified;
also the manufacture of the improved fire-resisting compounds of asbestos and
silicates, as herein-before described, for the lining of furnaces and fire-places.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Dudgeon, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ALEXANDER DUDGEON. (L.S.)