IM- PROVEMENTS IN LATHES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, FOR CUTTING, TURNING, OR BORING WOOD, METAL, OR OTHER SUB- STANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Weild, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LATHES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
FOR CUTTING, TURNING, OR BORING WOOD, METAL, OR OTHER SUB-
STANCES."
Sealed the 8th March 1854, and dated the 12th September 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Weild
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th September 1853.
I, WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH, FOR CUTTING, TURNING, OR BORING WOOD, METAL, OR OTHER SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is that of simplyfying the mechanisin
of slide screw cutting and other lathes, so as to render them strong,
serviceable, and equal to lathes of more expensive and complicated

page_text: construction for the general purposes for which such rates are re
quired.
It consists in casting what is known as the "fast headstock" solid
with the bed, which not only renders it stronger but it enables me to
increase the size of the pulleys, without going below the level of the
top of the bed, to an extent equal to the thickness allowed to the
bottom of the headstock as they have been hitherto fixed on the bed,
and where larger pulleys are required I am thereby enabled to hollow
out the bed but in cases where headstocks are required cast separate
from the bed I use headstocks of the strength and size equal to the
diameter of the pullies required, and sink or recess the end of the bed
sufficient to bring the centre to the required distance above the bed.
By using larger driving pullies I purpose to dispense with the mechanism
used in some of the common and in the higher class of lathes known
as "back geering." Secondly, it consists in the mechanism through
which motion is conveyed to the slide carriage for sliding or screw
cutting or other purposes, and by which it is readily engaged with or
disengaged from the driving mechanism, or moved quickly back or
forward on the bed. The mechanism from which motion is derived for
the above purposes is a screw shaft fixed to the back of the bed, and
the mechanism employed to convey motion from it to the carriage is a
"worm wheel" which takes into it, which wheel is fixed on the end of
a shaft secured in bearings to the carriage, and passing from the front
to the back of it, and in another wheel or other mechanism fixed on
the other end of this shaft, by means of which and a "click" the shaft
can be prevented from revolving when acted upon by the screw shaft,
so that when thus fixed the carriage will be carried along by the motion
of the screw shaft, and when unfixed or at liberty the shaft will revolve
and the carriage will remain stationary, and by revolving this shaft by
an handle the carriage will be brought quickly backward or forward,
the "worm wheel" acting as a "pinion" and the screw shaft as a "rack."
Third, it consists in the tool holder which will move in any horizontal
angle and form side to side of the slide rest or carriage; the holder
being moveable in a slott made across the slide, and is fixed in any
position by the screw which tightens and secures the tool. Fourth, it

page_text: also consists in the general arrangement and form of the various
parts, and in the mode of construction. Fifth, it consists in a face
plate or instrument by which the articles to be turned are revolved or
driven round, and it is intended to perform the offices of those instru-
ments known as the common driver and "Clement's driver." It consists
of jaws or dies (into which pins may be screwed to form a Clement's
driver) which screw on a right and left handed screw shaft, so that by
turning the screw shaft one way both dies will recede from the centre,
and by turning the other way they advance towards it.
shaft and dies or jaws are fitted loosely in a slot across a face plate,
the screw passing through a hole in the middle of the part called
the "centre" of the fast headstock.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Weild in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of the reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Weild, Her especial license that I,
the said William Weild, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said William Weild, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH, FOR CUTTING, TURNING, OR BORING WOOD, METAL,
OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Weild, by an instrument in writing under my hand

page_text: and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Weild, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawing (that
is to say):
Fig. 1, in the annexed Drawing represents a front elevation of my
improved lathe; Fig. 2, the geering end view; Fig. 3, sectional cleva-
tion across the slide carriage and bed; and Fig. 4, a plan; Fig. 5, a
detached sectional view of universal driver; Fig. 6, a front; and Fig.
7, an edge view of the same. The same letters and figures of reference
will denote corresponding parts in each Figure. The first part of my
Invention relates to lathes, and its object that of modifying the con-
struction and simplifying the mechanism of slide screw cutting and
other lathes, to render them firm, handy, yet having capabilities equal to
lathes of more complicated and expensive construction for the general
purposes for which lathes are required. The improvements consist
principally in the general arrangement, combination, and construction of
the parts. In the first place, what is known as the fast headstock
a', is cast in one piece with the bed a; this gives great firmness and
simplicity, and renders lathes so constructed permanently true. It also
gives the means of using pulleys b', of larger diameter than can be em-
ployed in fast headstocks as commonly constructed, which will give a
greater strap hold by which heavier cuts can be made in small diame-
ters without rendering it necessary to employ back geer. The head-
stock a², is truly bored, and bushes ², are inserted, through which the
spindle b, is passed from the front; the bushes are kept in their places
by screws a², having lock nuts upon them, which also answer the purpose
of oil cups and pipes (having holes through their axes) to convey oil to
the journals of the spindles through holes in the bushes. The pulleys
, are fixed to the spindle b, by a pin, and the end movement of the

page_text: spindle is resisted and prevented by two steel washers 63, between the
pulleys 6, and the bush 6, in one direction, and by the boss of the
pulleys 6', working against the back of the front bush 63, in the other
direction. The loose headstock c, is similar in construction to loose
headstocks now commonly in use. The form and construction of the
carriage d, will be seen by inspection of the several Figures of the
Drawing; it extends over at the back to protect the screw. d, is the
piece by which the slides are made to fit, which is retained to the
carriage by the screws d³, and against the bed by the screws d'.
The carriage has motion imparted to it for sliding or screw cutting
by the worm or screw shaft f, which works in bearings a³, in brackets
affixed to or cast with the bed. The shaft f, receives motion from
the pinion 6, on the end of the spindle b, which works into a wheel
y, carried on a stud supported by a projection from the headstock a¹;
the wheel g, is fast to the speed pulleys g¹, these speed pulleys give
motion by a short strap to corresponding speed pulleys, and a wheel
, and are also carried by a stud affixed to a bracket from the foot
or support of the bed. The toothed wheel connected with the speed
pulleys g, takes into a wheel f', on the end of the screw shaft f.
When the lathe is to be employed for screw cutting the wheel f¹,
is connected direct with the pinion 6, by an intermediate wheel
carried on an arm radiating round the bearing of the screw f. As
already stated, the carriage receives motion from the screw f, for
sliding or screw cutting which it does in the following manner :-
d', is a shaft passing through bearings in the carriage from front to
back, upon the end of which is fixed the worm or screw wheel d³,
which takes in the thread of the worm f. d, is a notched or square
toothed wheel which is fixed on the front end of the shaft d'; d, is a
small catch or pawl, by which when it has hold of the wheel do, the
shaft d', is held from revolving. This catch or pawl is held in or out of
the notches of the wheel by a spring ds, which holds against the
notches in the pawl or catch as shewn. d, is the handle by which the
shaft d',
is revolved. From the above description it will be seen when
the screw f, is revolving that if the shaft d*, is held from revolving the
carriage will slide, and if free to revolve it will be stationary; it will

page_text: also be seen that if the shaft be revolved by the handle d', the wheel
ds, will act as a pinion, and the screw f, as a rack; thus the carriage
can be engaged or disengaged with the screw, and brought backwards
and forwards on the bed at any time, without any disconnecting and
connecting mechanism, and while the screw is in motion. In the back
of the carriage a dovetail slot is made by which the sliding stay y, is
screwed to it. e, is the tool holding slide which grasps the dovetail on
the carriage as shewn; it is slided backwards and forwards by the screw
e', which is held in position in a bearing in the front of the carriage by
a solid collar or shoulder (see Fig. 3) on one side, and the boss of the
handle e², which turns the screw on the other. This screw screws into
a nut e³, fixed by a screw in the slide. It will be observed that across
the slide an under cut slot is made into which square dies (e) are
fitted, having holes through them, through these holes pass slotted
bolts es, with set screws (e) in their axes, the heads of the slotted
bolts e, have their heads countersunk in the square dies . It
will be seen that this arrangement leaves the bolts free to swivel round
in any direction, and at the same time moveable across the slot; but
when the cutting tool is passed through the slot and adjusted, and the
set screw eº, tightened down, the head of the slotted bolt (e), by this
act, will bring the square die (e) tight against the under cut part of the
slot made across the slide piece, and the cutting tool e', hard against
the top of it, so that it will be firmly secured. This tool holder, by
simply slackening the set screw, enables the whole to be readily with-
drawn from the slot, and at the same time it may as readily be
replaced.
The second part of my Invention relates to a driver for the purpose
of carrying round in lathes articles to be turned. It is represented in
Figs. 5, 6, and 7. h, is a face plate which screws on the end of the
lathe spindle; it has an under cut slot across its face. Into this slot two
dies i, having jaws projecting from them, are fitted (as shewn) which
screw on a right and left handed screw k, passing through a hole in the
axis of the "centre" l. The screw k, has squares on both ends flush
with the edge of the face plate h, by which it is revolved by a box
key m. As the screw is right-handed on one side and left-handed

page_text: on the other it follows that the jaws will advance towards or retire
from each other on the screw being revolved. To allow for any excen-
tricity in the article taken hold of by the jaws, they are made free, that
is, play is allowed for the screw and dies to move in the length way of
the slot in the face plate and across it, the dies being truly fitted only
on the edge to prevent any strain on the screw when the jaws take
hold of the article.
Having now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and
the mode in which it is carried into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not claim all the parts shewn and described separately consi-
dered; but what I claim as my Invention in lathes is,-
First, forming in one casting the fast headstock with the bed, as
herein-before described.
Second, the construction of the headstock herein-before described
and shewn in the Drawings.
Third, the arrangement for giving motion to the carriage when a
screw or worm shaft works in a wheel similar to do, placed on a shaft d*,
fixed in bearings to the carriage which receives motion directly from
the handle employed to move the carriage.
Fourth, the arrangement and construction of tool holder adjustable
and moveable in a slot consisting of the parts marked e*, et, and e, as
described and shewn in the Drawing.
Fifth, the construction of the carrier herein-before described as the
second part of my Invention, and represented in the Drawing by
Figs. 5, 6, and 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weild, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Ninth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
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