IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING YARNS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, and
of Rathbone Place, both in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING YARNS."-A
communication from abroad by Seth Daniel Paul and Simeon Sabin
Cook, both of Woonsocket, in the County of Providence, and State
of Rhode Island, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Olark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1869.
I, ALEXANDER CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, and of Rathbone Place,
both in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING YARNS,”
to be as follows:-
These improvements are mainly designed for the purpose of spinning
woollen yarn, but some of them are applicable to spinning cotton.

page_text: In order that the improvements may be better understood I will first
describe the successive movements required for spinning woollen yarn.
The wool when prepared for spinning is in the condition of roving or
prepared sliver wound upon spools. These spools are placed upon drums
at the back of the rolls. The roving passes from the spools between the
rolls and thence to the spindles, which are in the usual position in the
carriage. When the machine is ready to start the carriage and spindles
are at the nearest point to the rolls. When the mule is started the
carriage begins to recede from the rolls, the rolls running at the same
time and delivering the roving at about the same speed as the traverse
of the carriage. The rolls continue delivering the roving until the
carriage is about half way out. The rolls are then stopped by what I
will term the "roller motion." The carriage still continues out to the
end of its traverse. The rolls being stopped and the carriage continuing
its way out the yarn is consequently drawn and made finer. From the
time that the carriage starts out until it reaches the end of its traverse
the spindles run at a speed that will put a proper amount of twist in the
sliver to make it draw correctly and make a strong and even thread.
After the carriage is out the spindles continue to run until the yarn is
sufficiently twisted; this twisting after the carriage is out is called the
"head twist." While this head twist is being put in the yarn the
thread is shortened somewhat. As the thread is thus shortened the
carriage moves back a little sufficient to keep the thread at the right
tension. This motion of the carriage is effected by an apparatus which
I term the "drawing-in motion." After the yarn is sufficiently twisted
the motion of the spindles is reversed to uncoil the yarn from the
spindle sufficiently to allow the faller wires to come down to the proper
position to guide the yarn on the spindle. This reversal of the spindle
is called "backing off." After backing off the mule runs into the first
starting point, the spindles running at the right speed to wind the yarn
upon the spindle or upon the bobbin on the spindle.
For the roller motion shown in side view and plan in Figures 1 and 2
of the Drawings I make use of the following parts:-Clutch A, lever B,
latch C, upright rod D, nut E, lifter F, worm wheel G, pin H, pin I,
weight J, finger K, worm L, spring 17, stud 35. The roller motion is
connected with the driving shaft 6 by a train of wheels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
When the mule is ready to start the lever B rests upon the latch C.
As the rolls revolve the worm L carries the wheel G round until the

page_text: pin H comes in contact with latch O and forces it from underneath the
lever B, which is then thrown down by a spring 17. This disconnects the
clutch A, which stops the rolls. When the carriage returns in the
lifter F of said carriage passes under an upright rod D and forces the
lever B up, thereby connecting the clutch A. The catch O then falls
back by its own weight under the stud 35, thereby supporting the
lever B and holding in clutch A. The worm wheel G revolves on the
stud 35 in lever B, and when the lever drops the wheel goes with it, and
the wheel being then out of gear is carried back by the weight J until
the pin I strikes the latch C in its first position. There are several holes
drilled in the worm wheel G near the circumference for the pins H
and I. The pin I is stationary in the wheel, and as the pin H is moved
from one hole to another it varies the distance it has to traverse to reach
latch C, consequently it varies the time that the rolls run and the
amount of sliver delivered. This change has frequently to be made, and
it is a very simple and convenient way of doing it, avoiding the use of
change gearing. When the rolls are run at a high speed they acquire
a momentum which causes them to continue their motion a little after
the clutch A is disconnected, delivering more sliver than is intended.
To obviate this a bevelled surface 15 is formed on the part of the
clutch A which is operated by lever B and which. slides on a key and.
runs with the shaft. On the inside of the stationary cup 16 is a bevelled
surface corresponding to the surface 15. When the clutch A is dis-
connected the surface 15 is thrown into the cup 16, bringing the two
bevelled surfaces together, causing a friction, and thereby checking the
speed of the rolls.
For the "twist motion" I use the following parts seen in side view,
Figure 3:-Bevil wheels M and N, worm O, worm wheel P, pin Q, pin R,
finger S, cam T, finger U, lever V, cam W (outer surface), lever X,
weight Y. When the mule is in readiness to start out the worm
wheel P is held in the worm O by the cam W bearing on the end of a
lever V. When the mule starts motion is communicated from driving
shaft 6 by gearing M, N, and worm O to worm wheel P. This wheel
is carried round and the pin Q comes in contact with finger S and
carries it over until the cam T (which is fastened to the same shaft as
finger 8) is forced off from the lever X. This allows the lever X to
come up so that the cam shaft makes a quarter revolution, and the
cam W which acts on lever V allows the worm wheel P to drop out of

page_text: year.
back by weight Y until the pin R strikes the under side of lever V into
His first position. The cam shaft now makes a quarter revolution and
the mule backs off. Then the cam shaft makes another quarter revo-
lution and the mule runs in. When it arrives in the cam shaft v
makes another quarter revolution and throws the worm wheel P into
the worm O, its first position. There is a suitable number of holes
drilled near the circumference of wheel P for the pins Q and R. The
pin R is stationary in the wheel, and as the pin Q is changed from one
hole 'to another its distance from pin R is varied, thus varying the time
required for pin Q to arrive at finger S, thereby varying the amount of
twist in the yarn. This is a simple, convenient, and correct way of
changing the twist.
The "drawing-in motion" is obtained by the aid of the following
parts, which are also represented in Figure 3, in Figure 4, which is a
view of the opposite end of the machine, and in plan, Figure 5:—
Bevil gear M, bevil gear Z, shell a, worm b, shaft c, cam W, collar d,
worm geare, gear f, rack gear g, rod h, slide bar i, finger l, and stand 30.
When the mule has run out to the end of its traverse the same shaft v
makes a quarter revolution, and the cam W acting on the end of
shaft throws the worm 6 into gear with e. On the same stud with
gear-e is a toothed wheel gearing with the rack g. Attached to the rack
gear is the rod h connecting with slide bar i. On the slide bar i is a
finger. The worm gearing in the wheel e turns gearf with it, which
wheel gearing in rack g draws up the slide bar i, and the finger l
coming in contact with stand 30 moves the carriage in while the head
twist is being put in the yarn. When the carriage runs out the stand 30
passes under the end of latch m and raises it up until it reaches the
point 31; the latch then drops down over the stand 30. The stand 30
now comes in contact with the finger and draws the slide bar i out
until the carriage arrives at the end of its traverse ready for drawing in
as before. When the mule "backs off" it has from the motion of the
bands a tendency to move in a little. The object of the latch m is to
prevent this. In backing off the stand 30 comes in contact with the
hook 31 on latch m. This prevents the carriage from moving in, as
the slide bar i to which the latch m is attached cannot move in while
the worm bis in gear, which is the case until the mule backs off.
There is an advantage in having the latch m attached to the slide bar i,

page_text: as it is always in the right place to act on stand 30 whatever distance
the mule draws in while twisting, which distance varies according to the
amount of twist put in the yarn. When the mule backs off the end of
the lever X drops, and finger 32 strikes the end of latch m and throws
it off the stand 30, and allows the mule to run in. When the carriage
moves back while the "head twist" is going in the pawl 21 of said
carriage, see plan Figure 6, would drop into ratchet gear 22, and prevent
the mule from "backing off." To obviate this, and to throw the ratchet
in gear after "backing off," I use the following parts, also seen in plan
Figure 6:-Finger n, bevil plate o, bevil finger p, bevil finger q, and
spring r. The "faller lock" 23 is connected by the rod 24 to the
finger n. When the mule backs off the faller lock drops down over the
catch 25, and at the same time throws up the finger n. When finger >>
is thrown up it causes the bevilled finger p to act on bevilled surface of
plate o, and presses it towards the pawl 21. This causes the bevil
finger q to press the pawl 21 into gear with ratchet 22. The pawl
remains in gear while the mule runs in. The spring r holds the pawl
out of goar at all times excepting when the mule is running in after
"backing off." Cone pulleys are used for the purpose of increasing the
speed of the mule when running out, and also for the purpose of
attaining a higher speed when putting in head twist than when the mule
is started out. One of these pulleys a is represented in Figures 2 and 7,
in the latter of which the part of the clutch that is worked by the
fork u slides on a key or spline, and turns with the shaft 6; therefore
when the clutch is connected and the belt running on the pulley the
shaft 6 is driven with it, thereby driving the mule. The clutch tis
connected when the mule starts out, and remains so while the mule is
running out, and while the head twist is being put in. The cam shaft v
then makes a quarter turn, and the clutch is disconnected by the fork w
which is operated by the cam 40. The cone pulley & now runs loose on
the shaft 6 while the mule is backing off and running in. A belt
running on pulley w backs off the mule and drives it in. When the
mule arrives in the clutch t is again connected by the action of the
fork u and cam 40. When the mule is ready to start out the belt runs
from the small part of the overhead cone pulley to the large part of
pulley 8. As the carriage runs out the belt is gradually passed to the
other end of the pulleys, of course increasing the speed as the belt is
thus traversed. The belt is traversed on the cone pulleys by the aid of
the following parts:-Figure 7, shipper 7, lever 8, stud 9, nut 10,

page_text: screw 11, and chain wheel 12 carrying a chain, each end of which is
attached to the carriage. As the carriage runs out the chain is driven
by it, turning the gear 12, and communicating motion by means of the
screw 11, nut 10, and lever 8 to the shipper 7, causing it to guide the belt
from one end of the pulley to the other. When the carriage returns in
the chain runs in the opposite direction, and the belt is guided back to its
first position on the pulleys. The gear 12 is keyed to the screw shaft 11.
By taking out this key the gear will run loose on the scrow shaft,
allowing the carriage to run out and in without traversing the belt on
the pulleys. With this arrangement the shipper 7 may be set at any
point on the pulley and guide the belt in one place all the time, if
desired. The pulley 41 is designed for a loose pulley running on the
hub of clutch box t. The object of this pulley is that when the mule is
ready to start a part of the width of the belt will be on this loose pulley
and partly on the cone pulleys, so that only a part of the power of the belt
will be used in starting the mule, thereby starting it more gently. In
the use of the cone pulleys giving an increase of speed to the mule while
running out, there is a gain of 10 to 15 (ten to fifteen) per cent. in the
production of work over the old method of running at a uniform speed.
There is a great advantage also in the use of these cone pulleys in cotton
spinning. The mule with these pulleys can be started out at the usual
speed and gradually increase in speed as it runs out, and thereby gain in
the product of work; or the mule may be started at a lower speed than
usual and increase as it goes out, so that the average speed will be the
same as by the old method, which will give the piccers or hands that
work on the mule a better opportunity to "picco up" while the mule is
running slower than usual at the first part of the draw or traverse.
There is an advantage in either case, as I can secure the same amount of
work with a much better opportunity of doing it than by the old plan,
or I can secure an increase in the production over the old method with
the same labor.
The arrangement for regulating the twist by use of the pin wheel P
and pin Q and its connections is as applicable to cotton mules as to
woollen mules; it saves the labor of changing gears and also the
expense of a large number of change gears.
The parts of the Drawing representing the new parts of the machine
are shown in red.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 29th July 1869..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, and of Rathbone Place, both in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did,, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Clark, my Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Clark, my executors, administrators,.
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Clark, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING YARNS," a communication to mo
from abroad by Seth Daniel Paul and Simeon Sabin Cook, both of
Woonsocket, in the County of Providence, and State of Rhode Island,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Alexander Clark, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Clark, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the five Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
These improvements are mainly designed for the purpose of spinning
woollon yarns, but some of them are applicable to spinning cotton.

page_text: In order that these improvements may be better understood I will
first describe the successive movements required for spinning woollen
yarn. The wool when prepared for spinning is in the condition of
roving or prepared sliver wound upon spools. These spools are placed
upon drums at the back of the rolls. The roving passes from the spools
between the rolls, and thence to the spindles, which are in the usual
position in the carriage. When the machine is ready to start the carriage
and spindles are at the nearest point to the rolls. When the mule is
started the carriage begins to recede from the rolls, the rolls running
at the same time and delivering the roving at about the same speed as
the traverse of the carriage. The rolls continue delivering the roving
until the carriage is about half way out. The rolls are then stopped by
what I will term the "roller motion," the carriage still continuing out
to the end of its traverse. The rolls being stopped and the carriage
continuing its way out the yarn is consequently drawn and made finer.
From the time that the carriage starts out until it reaches the end of its
traverse the spindles run at a speed that will put a proper amount
of twist in the sliver to make it draw correctly and make a strong
and even thread. After the carriage is out the spindles continue
to run until the yarn is sufficiently twisted; this twisting after the
carriage is out is called the "head twist." While this head twist is
being put in the yarn the thread is shortened somewhat. As the thread
is thus shortened the carriage moves back a little, sufficiently to keep
the thread at the right tension. This motion of the carriage is effected
by an apparatus which I term the "drawing-in motion." After the
yarn is sufficiently twisted the motion of the spindle is reversed to
uncoil the yarn from the spindle sufficiently to allow the faller wires
to come down to the proper position to guide the yarn on the spindle,
This reversal of the spindle is called "backing off." After backing off
the mule runs into the first starting point, the spindles running at the
right speed to wind the yarn upon the spindle or upon the bobbin on the
svindle.

page_text: showing front view of chain gear; and Figure 5 showing front view of
shipper for operating clutch.
Sheet 3 shows details of roller motion, Figure 1 showing elevation ;
Figure 2 showing plan; Figure 3 showing front view of worm gear and
lever for operating clutch; Figure 4 showing front and side views of
worm gear with cord and weight attached; Figure 5, front and side
view of latch; and Figure 6 showing front and side views of stand or
lifter F.
Sheet 4 shows twist and drawing-in motions, Figure 1 showing elova-
tion of drawing-in and twist motions; Figure 2 showing plan; Figure 3
showing front and side views of worm gear with stationary pin I and
movable pin H, also cord with weight attached; Figure 4 showing front
and side views of lever stand.
Sheet 5 shows ratchet and overhead motion, Figure 1 showing plan
of ratohet motion; Figure 2 showing elevation; Figure 3 showing plan
and elevation of stand for supporting bevil finger p; Figure 4 showing
front and side views of bevil finger p; Figure 5 showing side view of
lever; Figure 6 showing elevation of faller lock; and Figure 7 showing
front and side views of overhead shipper motion.
For the roller motion shown in Sheet 3 I make use of the
following parts:-Clutch A, lever B, latch C, upright rod D, nut E,
lifter F, worm wheel G, pin H, pin I, weight J, finger K, worm L,
spring 17, and stud 35. The roller motion is connected with driving
shaft 6 by the train of wheels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. When the mule is ready
to start the lever B rests upon the latch C. As the rolls revolve the
worm carries the wheel G around until the pin H comes in contact
with latch C and forces it from underneath the lever B, which is then
thrown down by the spring 17. This disconnects the clutch A which
stops the rolls. When the carriage returns in the lifter F of said
carriage passes under an upright rod D and forces the lever B up,
thereby connecting the clutch A. The latch C then falls back by its
own weight under the stud 35, thereby supporting the lever B and
holding in clutch A. The worm wheel G revolves on the stud 85 in
lever B, and when the lever drops the wheel goes with it, and the wheel
then being out of gear is carried back by the weight J until the pin I
strikes the latch O into its first position, There are several holes drilled
in the worm wheel G near the circumference for the pins H and I. The
pin I is stationary in the wheel, and as the pin H is moved from one

page_text: hole to another it varies the distance it has to traverse to reach latch C,
consequently it varies the time that the rolls run and the amount of
sliver delivered. This change has frequently to be made, and it is a
very simple and convenient way of doing it, avoiding the use of change
gearing. When the rolls arc run at a high speed they acquire a
momentum which causes them to continue their motion a little after the
clutch A is disconnected, delivering more sliver than is. intended.. To
obviate this a bevilled surface 15 is formed on the part of the clutch A
which is operated by the lever B, and which slides on a key and runs
with the shaft. On the inside of the stationary cup 16 is a bevilled
surface corresponding to the bevelled surface 15. When the clutch A
is disconnected the surface 15 is thrown into the cup 16, bringing the
two bevilled surfaces together, causing a friction, and thereby checking
the speed of the rolls.
For the twist motion I use the following parts, seen in Sheet 4 :-
Bevil wheels M and N, worm O, worm wheel P, pin Q, pin R, finger S,
cam T, finger U, lever V, cam W (outer surface), lever X, weight Y.
When the mule is in readiness to start out the worm wheel P is
held in the worm O by the cam W bearing on the end of lever V.
When the mulc starts motion is communicated from driving shaft 6 by
gearing M, N, and worm O to worm wheel P. This wheel is carried
round, and the pin Q comes in contact with finger S and carries it over
until the cam T (which is mounted on the same shaft as finger S) is
forced off from the lever X. This allows the lever X to come up so that
the cam shaft v makes a quarter revolution, and the cam W which acts
on lever V allows the worm wheel P to drop out of gear. This stops the
head twist. The worm wheel P is then carried back by weight Y until
the pin R strikes the under side of lever V into its first position. The
cam shaft now makes a quarter revolution and the mule backs off.
Then the cam shaft makes another quarter revolution and the mule runs
in. When it arrives in the cam shaft makes another quarter revolution
and throws the worm whicel P into the worm O, viz., into its first
position. There is a suitable number of holes drilled near the circum-
ference of wheel P for the pins Q and R. The pin R is stationary in the
wheel, and as the pin Q is changed from one hole to another its distance
from pin R is varied, thus varying the time required for pin Q to arrive
at finger S, thereby varying the amount of twist in the yarn. This is
a simple, convenient, and correct mode of changing the twist.

page_text: b
The drawing-in motion is obtained by the aid of the following parts,
which are also represented in Sheet 4, viz., bevil gear M, bevil gear Z,
shell a, worm b, shaft c, cam W, collar d, worm gear e, gear f, rack
gear g, rod h, slide bar i, finger l, and stand 30. When the mule has
run out to the end of its traverse the cam shaft makes a quarter
revolution, and the cam W acting on the end of shaft c throws the
worm 6 into gear with e.
On the same stud with the worm wheel e is
a spur wheelf gearing with the rack g. Attached to the rack gear g
is the rod / connecting with slide bar i. On the slide bar i is a finger 7.
The worm gearing in the wheel e turns this spur wheelf with it, which
wheel gearing in rack 9 draws up the slide bar i, and the finger
coming in contact with stand 30 on the carriage moves the latter in
while the head twist is being put in the yarn. When the carriage runs
out the stand 30 passes under the end of latch m and raises it up until
it reaches the point 31. The latch then draws down over the stand 30.
The stand 30 now comes in contact with the finger and draws the slide
bar i out until the carriage arrives at the end of its traverse ready for
drawing in as before. When the mule "backs off" it has from the
motion of the bands a tendency to move in a little. The object of
latch m is to prevent this. In "backing off" the stand 30 comes in
contact with the point 31 on latch m. This prevents the carriage from
moving in, as the slide bar i to which the latch m is attached cannot
move in while the worm 6 is in gear, which is the case until the mule
"backs off." There is an advantage in having latch m attached to the
slide bar i, as it is always in the right place to act on stand 30 whatever
distance the mule draws in while twisting, which distance varies
according to the amount of twist put in the yarn. When the mule
"backs off" the end of lever X drops and finger 32 strikes the end of
latch m and throws it off from stand 30 and allows the mule to run in.
When the carriage moves back while the "head twist" is going in
the ratchet 21 would drop into ratchet gear 22, and prevent the mule
from "backing off." To obviate this, and to throw the ratchet in gear
after "backing off," I use the following parts:-Finger n, bevil plate o,
bevil finger p, bevil finger q, and spring r. The faller lock 23 is con-
nected by the rod 24 to the finger n. When the mule backs off the
faller lock drops down over the catch 25, and at the same time throws
up the finger n. When finger n is thrown up it causes the bevelled
finger p to act on bevilled surface of plate o, and presses it towards the
pawl 21. This causes the bevil finger à to press the pawl 21 into gear

page_text: with ratchet 22. The pawl remains in gear while the mule runs in
The spring r holds the pawl out of gear at all times excepting when
the mule is running in after "backing off." The cone pulleys 8 and 20
are used for the purpose of increasing the speed of the mule when
"running out," and also for the purpose of attaining a higher speed
when putting in head twist than when the "mule" is started out. One
of these pulleys & is represented in Figure 2, Sheet 1, and Figure 2,
Sheet 2. The part of the clutch that is worked by the fork u slides on
a key or spline and turns with the shaft 6; therefore when the clutch
is connected and the belt running on the pulley the shaft 6 is driven
with it, thereby driving the "mule." The clutch is connected when
the mule starts out, and remains so while the mule is running out and
while the "head twist" is being put in. The cam shaft then makes
a quarter turn, and the clutch is disconnected by the fork u, which is
operated by the cam 40. The cone. pulley s now runs loose on the
shaft 6, while the mule is backing off and running in. A belt running
on pulley w backs off the mule and drives it in. When the mule
arrives in the clutch is again connected by the action of the
fork and cam 40. When the mule is ready to start out the belt
runs from the small part of overhead cone pulley 20 to the large
part of pulley 8. As the carriage runs out the belt is gradually
passed over to the other end of the pulleys, of course incrcasing the
speed as the belt is thus traversed. The belt is traversed on the cone
pulleys by the aid of the following parts:-Shipper 7, lever S, stud 9,
nut 10, screw 11, chain wheels 12, 13, and chain 14. The chain 14
passes around wheels 12 and 13, each end of said chain being attached
to the carriage. As the carriage runs out the chain is driven by it,
turning the wheel 12, and communicating motion by means of the
screw 11, nut 10, and lever 8 to the shipper 7, causing it to guide the
belt from one end of the pulley to the other. When the carriage returns:
the chain runs in the opposite direction, and the belt is guided back to
its first position on the pulleys. The wheel 12 is keyed to the screw
shaft 11. By taking out this key the wheel will run loose on the screw
shaft, allowing the carriage to run out and in without traversing the
belt on the pulleys. With this arrangement the shipper 7 may be set at a
any point on the pulley and guide the belt in one place all the time if
desired. The pulley 41 is designed for a loose pulley running on the
hub of clutch box t. The object of this pulley is that when the mule is
ready to start a part of the width of the belt will be on this loose pulley

page_text: and partly on the cone pulley 8, so that only a part of the power of the
belt will be used in starting the mule, thereby starting it more gently.
In the use of the cone pulleys giving an increase of speed to the mule
while running out there is a gain of ten to fifteen per cent. in the pro-
duction of work over the old method of running at a uniform speed.
There is a great advantage also in the use of these cone pulleys in cotton
spinning. The mule with these pulleys can be started out at the usual
speed and gradually increase in speed as it runs out, and thereby gain
in the product of work; or the mule may be started at a lower speed
than usual and increase as it goes out, so that the average speed will be
the same as by the old method, which will give the piccers or hands
that work on the mule a better opportunity to "piece up" while the
mule is running slower than usual at the first part of the draw or
traverse, so that there is an advantage in either case, as I can secure the
3 same amount of work with a much better opportunity of doing it than by
the old plan, or I can secure an increase in the production over the old
method with the same labor.
The arrangement for regulating the twist by use of the pin wheel P
and pin Q and its connections is as applicable to cotton mules as to
woollen mules; it saves the labor of changing gears, and also the
expense of a large number of change gears.
The parts of the Drawing representing the new parts of the machine
are colored red.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to
be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
1
1st. The clutch A, lever B, latch C, and worm wheel G, arranged and
operating substantially as described.
2ndly. The clutch A, lever B, and latch C in combination with cone
pulleys & and 20.
8
3rdly. The friction cup 16 as described, and for the purpose specified.
4thly. The cup 16 in combination with the clutch A, arranged and
operating substantially as described.
5thly. The wheel P, lever V, finger S, cam T, and lever X, arranged
and operating substantially as described.
6thly. The wheel P and lever V in combination with cam W, sub-
stantially as described.

page_text: 7thly. The finger U in combination with wheel P, as shown.
8thly. The cam W in combination with finger S and cam T, sub-
stantially as described.
9thly. The shell a, worm b, shaft c, wheel e, gear f, cam W, rack
gear g, slide bar i, finger l, and stand 30, arranged and operating sub-
stantially as described.
10thly. The shell a in combination with shaft c and cam W, as
described.
11thly. The wheel e and gear f in combination with rack gear g,
substantially as described.
12thly. The rack gear y in combination with slide bar i, substantially
as specified.
13thly. The slide bar i in combination with wheel e, shell a, and
shaft c, substantially as described.
.
14thly. The latch m and slide bar i, substantially as described, and for 1
the purpose specified.
15thly. The combination of latch m and lever X, substantially as
described.
16thly. The bevil finger n, bevil plate o, and finger p, substantially
as described and for the purpose specified.
17thly. The spring ", substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
18thly. The spring in combination with the plate o, substantially as
described.
2
19thly. The cone pulley 8, clutch t, fork u, and cam 40, operating 2
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
20thly. The application of cone pulleys to self-acting mules for the
purpose of increasing the speed of the mule when running out.
21stly. The cone pulleys 8 and 20 as a means of attaining a higher
speed of the spindles when putting in "head twist" than when the 3
mule is started out, substantially as described.
22ndly. The pulley & in combination with fork u and cam 40, sub-
stantially as described.
23rdly. The shipper 7, nut 10, and screw 11, arranged and operating
substantially as described.
3

page_text: 24thly. The screw. 11 and nut 10 in combination with pulley 8,
substantially as described.
25thly. Chain gear 12, 13, and chain 14 in combination with screw 11
and nut 10, substantially as described.
26thly. The shipper 7 and the belt guide 50, as shown.
27thly. The pulley 41 in combination with pulley 8, substantially as
described.
28thly. The clutch A in combination with lever B and latch C, sub-
stantially as described.
29thly. The wheel G in combination with lever B, as described.
30thly. The pulley to in combination with cone pulley 8, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Clark, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
ALEX. CLARK. (L.S.)