AN IMPROVED VENTILATING AIR BRICK FOR THE CHECKING PROAL
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Gilmore, Clerk in Holy Orders, and William
Richard Clark, Mechanician, of Lower Norwood, in the County of Surrey, for
an Invention of "AN IMPROVED VENTILATING AIR BRICK FOR THE CHECKING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Gilmore and William
Richard Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May
1880.
JOHN GILMORE, Clerk in Holy Orders, and WILLIAM RICHARD CLARK,
Mechanician, of Lower Norwood, in the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED VEN-
TILATING AIR BRICK FOR THE CHECKING OF INDRAUGHT AND THE INDUCTION OF
AN OUTWARD CURRENT OF AIR."
Our Invention relates to a ventilating air brick so formed that it induces an
outward current of air sufficient to check indraught. This we effect by so forming
the brick that the greater part of any current of air from the outside is made to
impinge upon a curved surface within the brick, and to thus receivo a return
impetus which shall cause it to join with and assist the current of air from the
interior.
Our improved brick is in the form of a case, perforated or open at the whole of
the outer end and the upper portion of the inner end. The lower portion of the
inner end of the brick consists of a curved surface presenting its concavity towards
the outer portion, and the upper lip of which projects some distance. Somewhat
above the centre of the outer end there projects a horizontal partition of rounded
form, preferably pear shaped, inclined at such an angle that its head is towards
the centre of the curved surface at the back of the brick, and reaches under its pro-
jecting lip.
The action of the brick is as follows:-
The outer air blowing against the outer end of the brick strikes with greater
volume and force through the larger orifice under the lower side of the partition,
and then impinging against the curved surface is turned upwards and outwards in

page_text: the same direction as the draught from the interior, escaping through the orifice at
the upper portion of the back of the brick. The added volume and force of the
interior current and this induced outward current are sufficient to check and over-
come indraught through the upper part of the orifice at the outer end, and thus to
maintain and accelerate a constant draught outwards.
The bricks may be conveniently constructed of metal or of any of the ordinary
materials employed for the manufacture of ventilating air bricks; and the curved
surface and inclined partition may be either formed with the brick or separately
and inserted.
We may extend the partition outside the brick inclined upwards in order to
partially protect the upper orifice, and leave the lower one free to the force of the
wind.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Gilmore and William Richard Clark in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 1st November 1880.
"
JOHN GILMORE, Clerk in Holy Orders, and WILLIAM RICHARD CLARK,
Mechanician, of Lower Norwood, in the County of Surrey. AN IMPROVED VEN-
TILATING AIR-BRICK FOR THE CHECKING OF INDRAUGHT AND THE INDUCTION OF
AN OUTWARD CURRENT OF AIR."
Our Invention relates to a ventilating air brick so formed that it induces an
outward current of air sufficient to check indraught. This we effect by so forming
the brick that the greater part of any current of air from the outside falling upon
the face of the brick is made to impinge upon a curved surface within the brick,
and to thus receive a return impetus which shall cause it to join with and assist the
current of air from the interior.
Our improved brick is in the form of a case, perforated or open at the whole of
the outer end or face and the upper portion of the inner end. The lower portion
of the inner end of the brick consists of a curved surface presenting its concavity
towards the outer portion, and the upper lip of which may project some distance.
In practice we find it convenient in some cases to place the curved surface slightly
forward from the back of the case, so that the opening or perforations may be in
the lower portion of the inner face, and the draught may pass round the back of the
curved surface plate, which is so formed as to offer an upward sweep to the impact
of the draught. Where this modification is used we may form a projection from
the back of the case above the opening, which will act as an additional obstacle to
any indraught. Somewhat above the centre of the outer end there projects inwardly
a horizontal partition of rounded form, preferably pear shaped, inclined at such an
angle that its head or convexity is towards the centre of the curved surface. We
preferably extend this partition outside the brick inclined upwards in order to
partially protect the upper orifice and leave the lower one free to the force of the
wind. The action of the brick is as follows:-The outer air blowing against the
outer end of the brick strikes with greater volume and force through the larger
orifice under the lower side of the partition, and then impinging against the curved
surface is turned upwards and outwards in the same direction as the draught from
the interior, escaping through the orifice at the back of the brick. The added
volume and force of the current from the interior and of this induced outward
current are sufficient to check and overcome indraught through the upper and exit
orifice at the front of the brick, and thus to maintain and accelerate a constant
draught outwards.
And in order that our Invention may be the better understood we now proceed
to describe the Drawings thereof annexed hereto, and forming part hereof, reference
being had to the letters and figures marked thereon, like letters designating like
parts in each of the Figures.
A is the case of the brick, open at the front or outer end B to the outer air, or
composed of a perforated plate; this end is divided by the partition D into two
orifices. C is the curved surface, presenting its concavity outwards, and the upper
lip of which may project some distance. D is the partition, inclined towards the
centre of the curved surface.
In Figs. II. and III. this partition is made to extend outside the case, and to
form a shield F over the exit orifice. In Fig. I. the partition is formed so as to
present an inclined outer surface K to the force of the wind, which is thus directed
to assist the outward current (H). The curved surface is shown in Figs. I., II., and
IV. placed slightly forward from the back of the case, in which case a projection E
is used to afford additional security with the shield F against any indraught

page_text: through the exit passage. The orifice at the back of the case is G, at the lower
portion in Figs. I., II., and IV., and at the upper portion in Fig. III.
The induced outward current of air is indicated by the curved arrow H, and the
current from the interior by the curved arrow I.
The added force and volume of these two currents are sufficient to overcome any
indraught through the exit orifice on the front face, and such tendency is further
overcome by the shield F and the projection E.
And having now fully described and ascertained the nature and object of our
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, be it known
that what we claim as our Invention and desiro to protect by the Letters Patent
aforesaid is,-
An improved ventilating air-brick for the checking of indraught and the induc-
tion of an outward current of air, in manner and by the means as heroinbefore
substantially described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Gilmore and William Richard Clark,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty eighth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JOHN GILMORE.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM RICHARD CLARK. (L.S.)
In the presence of
S. P. WILDING,
City Patent Office,
23, Rood Lane,
Fenchurch St.,
London, E.C.,
Patent Agent.