A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER SURFACES, AND FOR PROTECTING AND PREVENTING THE FOULING THEREOF
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Vincent Gardner, of Oxford Street, in
the County of Middlesex, and Patrick Moir Crane, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER SURFACES, AND
FOR PROTECTING AND PREVENTING THE FOULING THEREOF."
Sealed the 5th November 1869, and dated the 13th May 1809.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Vincent
Gardner and Patrick Moir Crane at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th May 1869.
We, EDWARD VINCENT GARDNER, of Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, and PATRICK MOIR CRANE, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER
SURFACES, AND FOR PROTECTING AND PREVENTING THE FOULING THEREOF," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of paraffine as the basis
of a composition or compound to be used for coating ships, boats, and

page_text: other surfaces to protect them and to prevent the fouling thereof. The
paraffine may be mixed with other ingredients such as metallic filings or
particles, or metallic oxides. It may also be mixed with poisonous
ingredients known to act injuriously to life such as arsenic, sulphate of
copper, compounds of mercury, and the like according to the purposes
to which the composition is to be applied, but in some cases we use
paraffine alone or in combination with creosote disolved in heavy oils.
We also prepare a compound by vulcanising paraffine with sulphur.
In some cases we combine tallow and rosin with the paraffine, the
Invention, however, essentially consists in the employment of paraffine
whether taken alone or mixed with certain other ingredients especially
those before given for the purposes before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Edward Vincent Gardner and Patrick Moir Crane
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13rd November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
VINCENT GARDNER, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
and PATRICK MOIR CRANE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto them, the said Edward Vincent Gardner and Patrick
Moir Crane, Her special licence that they, the said Edward Vincent
Gardner and Patrick Moir Crane, their executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as they, the said Edward Vincent Gardner
and Patrick Moir Crane, their executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING SHIPS,
BOATS, AND OTHER SURFACES, AND FOR PROTECTING AND PREVENTING THE FOULING

page_text: THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst others) that they, the said
Edward Vincent Gardner and Patrick Moir Crane, their executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of
our or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that they, the said Edward Vincent Gardner and
Patrick Moir Crane, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention consists in the employment of paraffine as the basis of
a composition or compound to be used for coating ships, boats, and other
surfaces to protect them and to prevent the fouling thereof. The
paraffine may be mixed with other ingredients, such as metallic filings
or particles, or metallic oxides. It may also be mixed with poisonous
ingredients known to act injuriously to life such as arsenic, sulphate of
copper, compounds of mercury, and the like according to the purposes
to which the composition is to be applied. In some cases we use
paraffine in combination with creosote dissolved in heavy oils.
We also prepare a compound by vulcanizing paraffine with sulphur.
In some cases also we combine tallow and rosin with the paraffine.
The Invention, however, essentially consists in the employment of
paraffine as the basis of a composition or compound to be employed for
the purposes before described.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we will
further describe more fully how it may be carried into effect; the
following proportions or parts we only give as approximate proportions
not confining ourselves thereto.
For coating ships, vessels, boats, and some other purposes we first
take a composition composed of one or other of the following
ingredients:-
First coat either with white lead, white zinc, or red lead.
Second coat 2 parts white lead.

page_text: do. nara paramine wax.
To either or all of these coats, poisons or poisonous materials may be
added in any desired or convenient proportions, for this we prefer from 5
1 to 2 per cent. of white arsenic, cyanide of potassium, bichloride of
mercury, strychnine, nux vomica, extract of tobacco, or a mixture of
these with other poisonous substances may be employed. Or, the third
coat may be half part oil pressed from paraffine and part hard paraffine
wax, this coat will do best for the portion of the ship's bottom not out 1
of the water; when she is light in cargo with the necessary poisons.
These materials are melted in any convenient vessel and put on hot with
brushes in the usual way of coating vessels.
Coating for iron or metallic roofs, plates, sheets, girders, pipes, wires,
and other purposes to which it may be applied, or structures composed 1
of stone, metal, wood, bricks, tiles, or such like materials.
2 parts hard paraffine wax,
1 do. rosin,
1 do. white lead.
or 3 parts hard paraffine wax,
1 do. rosin,
1 do. white lead.
We sometimes add to the above to part. of kaolin, aluminous earths,
silicious matters, and carbon or carbonaceous materials.
2
A compound produced by combining sulphur with paraffine, and called 2
by us vulcanized paraffine, is also well fitted for this purpose.
These compositions may be put on when hot with brushes or when
convenient the articles may be dipped in the composition.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, for
myself and on behalf of the said Patrick Moir Crane, have 3
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
EDW. V. GARDNER, F.E.S., M.S.A. (L.S.)