matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES AND OTHER WELDLESS RINGS OF STEEL."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hamilton Braidwood at the Office
"IMPROVE-
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1876.
JOHN HAMILTON BRAIDWOOD, of Crewe, in the County of Chester.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES AND OTHER WELDLESS RINGS OF
STEEL."
The object of this Invention is to expedite and economize the manufacture of
weldless tyres for railway wheels, and other weldless rings of steel, by dispensing
entirely with the process of forging the blocks or blanks from which such tyres or
rings are made, and also with the punching of the hole through the centre. of the
same previously to submitting the said blocks or blanks to the action of the rolling
mill.
Hitherto the bloom or ingot of steel has been cast solid, of a small diameter, and
thicker than the block or blank to be formed. It has then been forged to the
roquired form by means of the steam or other hammer or hydraulic or other pressure
by the aid of dies of suitable size and shape to form the block. A hole has been
thon punched through the centre, or in some cases the hole has been formed during
the process of forging.
Instead of proceeding as above described I cast the ingots or blooms at once of the
form and size required, with a hole through the centro. I then bring them to the
proper heat, and without any forging whatever I submit them directly to the
rolling process, and thus not only is the manufacture rendered much more expe-
ditious and economical, but as the block or blank is not haminered externally, as in
forging, the metal remains homogeneous throughout all its thicknesses, and hence a
better result is obtained.
I prefer to cast the ingots or blooms in iron or steel " chills," having an annular
space into which the metal runs, and a central projection or core for forming the
hole, but they may also if desired be cast in moulds of loam or sand or in any other
known way of casting such or similar articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SKATING RINKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alexander Richmond Morison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1876.
JAMES ALEXANDER RICHMOND MORISON, of Saint Stephen's Chambers, in the
City of Westminster, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED
FOR SKATING RINKS."
The object of my Invention is to construct a floor for skating upon (with roller
skates), which, while being perfectly smooth and allowing of the skaters turning
and figuring at will, shall be less rigid than the asphalte and other compositions
hitherto employed, and therefore not liable to cause serious injuries in the case of
falls.
"
I construct my floor as follows:-Upon a suitable joist foundation I place &
board flooring of deal or other wood properly dovetailed and levelled, so as to form
a perfectly smooth surface similar to that of a ball room, the elasticity of which
may be imitated by the interposition of metal or other springs. Over this surface
I lay sheeting of vulcanized india-rubber, by preference vulcanized "insertion
india-rubber sheeting, which is composed of two thin layers of vulcanized india-
rubber with canvas or cloth between them. I cause this sheeting to adhere to the
board flooring by means of guita percha cement, or other suitable cement or mastic,
rolling or pressing the same so as to ensure perfect adhesion and smoothness, and to
cause the necessary joints in the sheeting to unite; these joints should be at right
angles to the joints of the flooring.
Although my improved floor is specially intended as a skating floor or rink it
will be found very good for dancing upon when an orninary dancing cloth is
stretched over it.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS, MINES, SHIPS, AND VEHICLES, AND FOR EFFECTING AN UPWARD CURRENT OF AIR OR DRAUGHT IN THE CHIMNEYS OF FACTORIES, PRIVATE AND OTHER HOUSES AND BUILDINGS, STOVES, AND SUCH LIKE STRUCTURES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Browne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1876. A communication from
abroad by Pierre Guillaume Puttemans, of Paris, in the French Republic.
ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent Agents, of 5,
"AN IMPROVED
Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS,
MINES, SHIPS, AND VEHICLES, AND FOR EFFECTING AN UPWARD CURRENT OF AIR
OR DRAUGHT IN THE CHIMNEYS OF FACTORIES, PRIVATE AND OTHER HOUSES AND
BUILDINGS, STOVES, AND SUCH LIKE STRUCTURES." A communication from abroad
by Pierre Guillaume Puttemans, of Paris, in the French Republic.
The object of this Invention is to improve the ventilation of buildings and other
places and structures, also the draught in chimneys and stoves which it is proposed
to accomplish by the following means:-
The apparatus for effecting the above object is constructed as represented by the
accompanying Drawing at Figures 1, 10, 2, 22, 2b, 3, and 4, and in which the
principle of construction consists in employing one fixed and one moveable helix for
obtaining two circular currents, either combined or separate, according to the
purpose to which it is required to be applied. For example, when required for the
purpose of ventilation the construction is as represented at Figures 2, 24, 2b, where
marks a loose pot made of sheet metal resting upon a circular helical band x
fixed to or formed upon the chimney pot b, this arrangement operates by the action
of the wind, but may also be operated by the passage of the vitiated air, that is, in
the room beneath, acting upon a rotating helix c, shewn at Figure 2, and placed
within the pot a between the points c and d.
The action of the ventilator may be regulated by the piece shown at Figure 2b.
Figure 3 shews the construction of a ventilator adapted for use on board ship
and in vehicles, in which the bodily movement thereof will accelerate the action of
the ventilator.
Figures 1 and 13 shew an arrangement for effecting an upward current or

page_text: draught in chimneys and stoves by the action of the wind or air, between the pot b
and its outer cover a. Figure 4 shews the disposition of the pots for a stack of
chimneys.
By these improvements the necessity for building tall or high chimneys to
ensure a due amount of draught therein is not necessary, thereby effecting considerable
economy in the cost of such structures, and rendering them very much safer than
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Benstead, of 44, Winsover Road, Spalding, in the
County of Lincoln, for the Invention of "
MACHINES."
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING
led the 27th June 1876, and dated the 8th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Benstead at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, on the 8th January 1876.
THOMAS BENSTEAD, of 44, Winsover Road, Spalding, in the County of Lincoln.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES."
According to my Invention I construct a reaping machine so that it can be made
to work either right or left handed, that is to say, with the cutting apparatus
either on the right or the left hand side of the horses by which the machine is
drawn.
I provide fingers on both sides of the finger bar, and two knives, one to work with
each set of fingers; I also make the platform of the machine moveable about a
pivot or axis at one side. The pole to which the horses are attached can also be
swung round so as to reverse its position in respect to the other parts of the
machine, and as the pole moves round it carries the platform with it from one side
of the cutter bar to the other.
The knives are also coupled with the pole and platform in such manner that the
movement of the pole from one working position to the other puts one knife into
action and puts the other knife out of action, so that when the machine is drawn
by the horses it is only the knife facing the standing crop which plays in the
fingers, the other knife remaining stationary or nearly so. The outer end of the
finger bar is carried by a castor wheel, and as this wheel turns about it controls a
double divider which separates the standing crop from the section of the crop to be
cut, causing the double divider to tip about an axis so as to bring down its forward
end to a proper working position, and to lift its hinder end up out of the way.
the other end of the finger bar I also provide a double ended car lifter, and this
also moved over as the pole is brought round from one of its working positions to
the other. I provide locking apparatus to retain the pole in either of its working
positions so long as may be required.
At
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POTATO DIGGERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Augustus Aspinwall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1876.
LEWIS AUGUSTUS ASPINWALL, of Albany, in the State of New York, United States
of America, but at present of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POTATO DIGGERS."
These improvements have chiefly reference to potato digging machines consisting
of a spade in front and a revolving separator appliance behind.
According to this Invention I employ a quickly revolving separator, consisting
of two blades or paddles forming together a skeleton frame. The paddles converge
towards each end or side, terminating there in the usual separator heads fitted with
shanks running in bearings, and caused to revolve by suitable gearing.
The section of the blades may be varied in many different ways; thus they may
be concave, or flat, or convex in the direction of revolution; they may be tapering
towards the centre or the outside; they may also be placed straight or slanting in
the direction of revolution, and be straight or spiral longitudinally. I prefer to
make them wider towards the middle, and with a bellied curve tapering towards
the ends where their distance is about half that in the middle.
In order to separate the earth and retain the potatoes in place, fingers, pegs, or ribs
may be fitted to the inside of the blades, which also may be solid or perforated or
slotted.
I prefer two blades only, but if, say, three are used, the revolving speed must
be decreased accordingly; for heavy or wet soil two blades are most suitable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUR BOAS AND TRIMMINGS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Harris at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1870.
CHARLES HARRIS, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FUR BOAS AND TRIMMINGS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
My Invention relates to the manufacture of fur boas and trimmings for ladies'
use, and consists in coiling or twisting the fur around a foundation or core composed
of string or cord by means of an apparatus specially adapted for the purpose. The
boas which I chiefly design to mako are of Russian hare, but they may be made
equally well of other descriptions of fur. In boas as usually made the edges of the
fur are drawn together by stitching over the wadding with which it is filled out,
in consequence of which the bon wears flat and unshapely on the part that is
stitched, and the wadding forming into lumps gives the boa a clumsy appearance
besides rendering it too firm to fit nicely to the throat of the wearer, the stitching
moreover is apt to break. By my Invention I am enabled to produce an articlo
which does not possess these disadvantages.
According to my Invention the fur is cut into strips of any convenient breadth,
which are joined together to form a length sufficient for the boa or trimming
required, which is then tightly coiled or twisted upon the string or cord foundation.
For this purpose the string is attached at each end on a hook mounted on discs
which are supported in two frames placed at a suitable distance apart. To these
discs rotary motion is communicated by means of bands which are led from pulleys
mounted at each end of the apparatus and joined by a connecting rod or bar for
giving motion by hand to the apparatus, or a treadle or other convenient arrange-
ment may be employed for the purpose. One end of the fur strip which is held in
the hand is then made fast to the end of the string, and on motion being given to
the apparatus the fur is evenly twisted upon tho string throughout its entire
length and fastened off at the other end. Previous to coiling the fur the string is
gummed to prevent the fur shifting when finished.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Higgins Owen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1876.
JAMES HIGGINS OWEN, of the City of Dublin, Ireland, Gentleman. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
The features of novelty in these skates to which I give the appellation of the
( cam roller skates" consists,-
First. In the method of effecting the convergence of the wheel axles by means of
cams fixed on plates attached beneath the foot stock and operating on the axles.
And, Secondly. In the method of controlling the convergence and reinstating
these axles in their normal position.
This latter operation is or may be effected in four different ways, viz. :—
1st. By connecting the ends of the axles on either side of the skate beneath the
foot stock to each pair of wheels by means of tie bars or parallel motion rods in
combination with cylinders containing spiral springs compressed by pistons in case
of convergence or vice versa.
2nd. By the employment of a single spring cylinder placed in this case in the
centre of the skate beneath the foot stock, and connected to the wheel axles by
segments of circles or arched bars.
3rd. By the use of two vertical steel springs to each axle, flattened at the upper
ends for securing them beneath the sole plate.
4th. Or by S shaped springs secured to the axles and pressing on the under side
of the foot stock, two to each axle.
The canting of the foot stock forces the edges of the cams (on one side of the
skate) against the wheel axles and causes then to converge, and the other side of
the foot stock being raised allows that side of the axles to pass the two other cams.
A NEW OR IMPROVED REVERSIBLE INK WELL
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wollman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1876.
JOSEPH WOLLMAN, of the British Schools, Rotherham, in the County of York,
Schoolmaster. A NEW OR IMPROVED REVERSIBLE INK WELL."
"
The object of this Invention is to construct an ink well that when closed it may
be reversed or turned over without spilling its contents, and it is intended generally
to be applied to the reversible desks now so generally used in schools.
My Invention consists substantially in first providing an outer casing of any
desired material, and which is for the most part similar to an ordinary ink well,
and having a sheet of metal secured upon its top which encloses it. Through this
sheet of metal, and on one side of it, is secured a small tube, through which it may
be filled with ink, the pen being inserted herein when it is in use. This well is in
its turn fitted in a frame which is secured in any suitable manner to the desk, and
hinged to this said frame is a lid or cover which is forced open by a spring,
and is fitted with india-rubber on its inside to render it a perfectly secure
covering.
When it is desired to close the ink well so that it may be reversed or turned
over in the desk, the lid is forced downward; the india-rubber packing in the
lid pressing upon the top of the tube, the ink is effectually prevented from
escaping.
The before-mentioned frame is also provided with a spring catch, which (when
the said lid is forced downwards), takes over the top of the lid and securily holds it
in a closed position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR FULLING OR MILLING WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Laycock and Frederick Laycock
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1876.
JOHN LAYCOCK, of Morley, and Frederick Laycock, of Leeds, both in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR FULLING
OR MILLING WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS."
When the material is put into a fulling machine in the ordinary manner the
machine has to be at work a considerable time before the fulling or milling
commences on account of the heat being so long in getting up, this heat being
caused by friction. On account of so much friction being required for fulling or
milling in the ordinary way the weight of the cloth is much reduced by rubbing
away.
Now according to our Invention directly the material has been placed in the
fulling or milling machine we inject dry steam, whereby the material commences to
"mill "
as soon as the machine is set in motion. The steam is obtained from any
convenient steam generator, but in order to have the steam as dry as possible we
provide between the steam generator and the fulling or milling machine an
accumulator or receiver into which the steam passes previous to its being injected
into the fulling or milling machine, from which it is conveyed thereto by means of
suitable pipe, tube, or pipes or tubes provided with a suitable stop cock or stop cocks
for regulating the supply of steam. When preferred the accumulator or generator
may be heated by any known means.
The effect produced by the above improvements is that the fulling or milling
operation takes much less time, there is less loss of weight in the operation, less
soap is required, and the work is done much better than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING BOTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fulton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1876.
WILLIAM FULTON, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester. " IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING BOTTLES."
In the revolving wheels as usually constructed for washing bottles they are either
horizontal or inclined, and have a back to prevent the bottles from falling out. The
bottles have therefore to be placed in the rack, and taken out the same side,
which is very inconvenient. The racks too are of very clumsy construction, as they
are merely required to keep the bottles in position, and prevend them clasing
against each other.
Now my Invention consists,-
1st. In arranging a cylindrical rack to rotate vertically without any back at all,
so that the bottles can be shoved into the rack at the back, and pulled out in the
front, instead of being taken in and out at the same side as heretofore.
2nd. I make my rack in the following manner :-Two series of laths cross each
other on edge at equidistances and at right angles to each other. At the points of
crossing they are notched into each other half their depth, so that the surfaces of
the edges of the laths are uniform with each other. There are two of these gratings.
A series of square struts are placed between the two gratings. The struts have
two grooves at right angles to each other cut through the centre of each of
their ends parallel with their sides; these grooves are just deep enough to contain
the entire breadth of the intersection of the laths of the gratings. The gratings
then being adjusted and hammered up close witli a strut at each intersection the
whole is nailed together, and three wooden hoops nailed round the periphery over
all, the whole then forming a wheel, for ordinary bottles usually about twelve
inches thick and six feet in diameter. The whole is. fixed on a spindle running
through the centre of the wheel and in bearings on a water trough like an ordinary
grindstone.
3rd. Of course I don't bind myself to wood only, as my apparatus might be made
of cane, of iron, or other materials, and the exact construction of parts would then
be modified to suit.
4th. The mode of using the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the wheel to face
with its spindle pointing north and south, a boy stands on the back or north side,

page_text: and places empty bottles to be washed in the pigeon holes of the rack (one in each
hole) on the east side only. The man who attends the brushing machine stands on
the south side, and as the weight of the bottles inserted by the boy causes the
wheel to revolve some bottles will appear above the surface of the water trough on
the west side, these the man takes one by one and manipulates in the brushing
machine; this goes on continuously, and neither operator is in the way of the
other.
PURIFIC OF GAS." "IMP
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Harris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1876.
ROBERT HARRIS, of Bow, in tho County of Middlesex.
THE PURIFICATION OF GAS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention has for its object effecting an economy in the cost of purifying gas,
and it consists in the utilization as the purifying agent of spent lime which has
hitherto formed a refuse substance of little commercial value.
In carrying out my Invention I use lime in dry lime purifiers in the ordinary
manner, and when it is saturated with impurities I ventilate it in the purifiers by
drawing or forcing air through the lime either with or without steam; I then
remove it from the purifiers, turn it over and damp it to the usual consistency of
purifying lime, and then use it again in the purifiers in lieu of clean lime, and I
repeat the process by reutilizing it until it ceases to be operative.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND UTENSIL FOR POLISHING FLAT SURFACES OF WOOD, KNOWN AND DISTINGUISHED AS FRENCH POLISHING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jurgen Hansen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1876. A communication from
abroad by Henrich Schmidt, of Flemsburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
JURGEN HANSEN, of 60, Trinity Square, in the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND UTENSIL FOR POLISHING FLAT SURFACES OF WOOD, KNOWN AND
DISTINGUISHED AS FRENCH POLISHING." A communication from abroad by Henrich
Schmidt, of Flemsburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
In polishing flat surfaces of wood according to this Invention the surface of the
wood is first prepared in the way commonly practised in French polishing, then
instead of using a rag or pad coated with a solution of shellac I employ a utensil
of the following construction:-In a ring of brass about one inch deep I place a
hollow bell-shaped vessel made of vulcanized india-rubber formed with a short
neck at top into which fits a wooden stopper. The bottom edge of the aforesaid
india-rubber vessel is fixed in the before-mentioned brass ring flush with the
bottom edge thereof by a disc of wood also flush with the said edge. This done I
place a piece of loose felt over the wood, and over this place a piece of leather
formed as a cup with the rough side thereof outside, and I fix the said leather to
the aforesaid brass ring by a loose ring of brass, which passes over the turned up
edge of the leather which fits tightly around the broad ring aforesaid. The
utensil thus made I fill by the hole at top with a solution of shellac then place
the stopper in the neck. The utensil is then ready for use and operates as follows:-
Upon pressure being exerted upon the top of the aforesaid nir-tight india-rubber
vessel the effect will be to force the solution through the pores of the wood and
leather beneath, the solution passing back upon the pressure being removed, or
its passage regulated by exerting more or less pressure as the operator may find
necessary.
1
With a utensil thus constructed the surface to be polished can then be finished
off in the ordinary way, but instead of using spirits only for the finishing, as com-
monly practised, I propose to use a solution composed of oil of vitriol / parts
mixed with one part of water, of this solution the operator places a few drops on
the palm of his hand and proceeds to rub over the surface until it presents a smeary
appearance, he then dabs the surface with Vienna chalk powder, and with the palm
of his hand proceeds to rub the powder over the surface until the smeary appearance
disappears and a highly polished surface is obtained.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ORNAMENTING FURS AND FEATHERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1876. A communica-
tion from abroad by the Firm of Frédéric Shaefer, et fils, of Lyons, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ORNAMENTING FURS AND
FEATHERS."
It is well known that many of the commoner kinds of furs are not used in their
original condition but are made by dyeing to imitate in appearance and color the
scarcer and more costly varieties.
This Invention relates to an entirely novel means of ornamenting or decorating
furs and feathers by the application of body colors like those used in gouache
painting and not by a simple immersion in the coloring matter or dye as heretofore.
The colors which are thickened as for those used in color printing with resists are
applied either over the whole surface or on portions of the same.
The colors may
be applied in various ways, viz., by hand with the aid of a brush when original
designs are to be produced by the artist, or by steucelling or block printing, either
by hand or machine, with repeats of the pattern.
A great variety of effects may in this manner be obtained with a single color only
or with several colors, but not superposed.
The colors are fixed by means of the usual mordants used in dyeing and printing,
the colors being either applied together with the mordants or subsequent to the
application thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BLOOMS OR INGOTS OF IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY RAILS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sacre, C.E., Stanhope Perkins,
and William Smellic at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
28th November 1876.
"
CHARLES SACRE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, C.E., STANHOPE
PERKINS, of Gorton, in the County of Lancaster, aforesaid, and WILLIAM SMELLIE,
of Gorton, aforesaid, Forge Manager. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
BLOOMS OR INGOTS OF IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY RAILS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
Our Invention relates to a method of uniting puddled balls of iron in order to
form blooms or ingots. For this purpose we employ a mould of any suitable form
made by preference in two or more parts which are capable of being separated.
Into this mould we place a ball of iron puddled in the usual manner, and upon it
we place another, or two or more of such puddled balls, after which we cause a ram
to enter the mould and press or hammer the whole into one mass, which operation
may be effected by steam, hydraulic, or other pressure. This having been done and
if required another ball or number of balls may be added with the like pressure
until a bloom or ingot of the required weight has been produced, after which the
mould may be separated for facilitating the discharge of the said bloom or ingot.
If desired perforations may be formed in the sides of the mould for the escape of
cinder.
AN IMPROVED TAP FOR WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Banks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th February 1876.
CHARLES BANKS, of Jamaica Row, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
'AN IMPROVED TAP FOR WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described so to
construct a tap for water and other liquids that the pressure or flow of the liquid
itself may be the means of closing and (until released) keeping closed the valve
through which the liquid flows. This is done by bringing the flow of liquid
directly upon the said valve, and the means employed for carrying my Invention
into effect are as follows :-
I provide a suitable piece of tubing, which is so construct or jointed as to form
an elbow, and at that end of the said elbow joint, which is attached to the supply
pipe, it is enlarged sufficiently to allow of a valve seating to be formed. Against
this valve seating comes the stop valve, which is constructed of any suitable
material, and the flow of liquid constantly pressing this valve upon its seating the
normal tendency of the tap will be to be closed, and as will be readily understood
the greater the pressure of water the more securely will the tap be closed.
Attached to the said valve is a rod, which is passed outwards through the said
elbow joint, and by means of this, when it is desired that liquid shall flow through
the tap, the said valve is pressed away from its seating, and thus liquid is free to
flow through the tap. When it is desired to stop the flow of liquid nothing is
needed but to release the pressure applied, when the stream of liquid acting directly
upon the valve stops the supply, as herein-before explained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHANDELIERS AND LAMPS BURNING VOLATILE OILS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Crichley and Herbert Ernest
Newton Mason at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June
1876.
HENRY CRICHLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, and
HERBERT ERNEST NEWTON MASON, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHANDELIERS AND LAMPS BURNING VOLATILE OILS."
Our Invention consists of the construction and arrangements herein-after described
of the parts of chandeliers burning volatile oils, the object of the said construction
and arrangements being to readily fill with oil and to regulate the supply of oil to
the oil reservoirs or dipping vessels carried by the arms of the chandelier.
The said improvements may also be applied to railway and other carriage
lamps.
We will describe our improvements as applied to a chandelier. We make the
body of the chandelier of a globular or other shaped vessel for containing a storage
of oil to be supplied either continuously or intermittently, as required, to the dipping
vessels or reservoirs in which the wicks of the lamp burners supported by the arms
of the chandelier dip. The said storage vessel or cistern is supplied with oil by an
opening near its top, which is closed by a screw stopper. Passing from near the
bottom of the storage reservoir or cistern, and supported by the arms of the chan-
delier, is a series of oil supply pipes, the several pipes opening respectively into the
dipping reservoirs of the lamp burners. Over the open ends of the oil supply pipes
described in the storage reservoir is a series of sliding valves for opening and closing
the said oil supply pipes. These sliding valves have an inverted cup-like form,
their closed tops being provided with cork or other yielding material. By raising
the valves the supply pipes are opened, and oil from the storage reservoir passes by
the said supply pipes to the dipping reservoirs of the lamp burners, and when the
valves are depressed, so that their closed tops seat themselves upon the open ends of
the supply pipes, they close the said supply pipes, and cut off the supply of oil to
the dipping reservoirs.
The sliding valves are raised and lowered by means of a central screwed rod
moved from the under side of the chandelier, the said screwed rod working in a
screw box connected with the sliding valves. By turning this rod in one or other
1 Price 231

page_text: direction the valves are raised or lowered, and the oil supply pipes opened or
closed.
The flow of oil from the oil cistern or reservoir to the dipping cups or vessels
may be regulated by means of a globular or other shaped chamber in the course of
each of the supply pipes, the said chambers being filled with sponge, cotton waste,
or other porous material.
We apply our improvements to railway and other carriage lamps substantially as
described with respect to a chandelier.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'STOCKS' EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER AND WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawies Jackson and Robert
Asquith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, on the 11th January
1876.
WILLIAM LAWIES JACKSON and ROBERT ASQUITH, both of Leeds, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'STOCKS' EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER
AND WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS."
The object of our Invention is to increase the number of falls per minute, and
thereby produce a greater amount of work than is obtained from machines now
in use.
.
In place of the old tappit wheel motion, giving about forty falls per minute of
the stock foot, we substitute a crank, cam, or eccentric motion for imparting the
required motion to the stock foot, such motion being conveyed thereto by suitable
connecting rods or their equivalents. By preference we mount the shaft carrying
the cranks, eccentrics, or cams over the stock feet, but do not confine ourselves to
that arrangement, as any convenient position may be employed when preferred, also
we dispense with the stock shank; in this case the "foot" is fitted so as to slide
freely in suitable bearings.
Our arrangement of driving may be readily applied to "stocks" now in use.
By the above described arrangement of driving apparatus a greatly accelerated
speed is attainable over the present system, consequently a much greater amount of
work can be done in much less time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PAVING OF STREETS, ROADS, AND OTHER PLACES, AND IN THE MEANS OR MATERIALS THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dowding at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1876.
JOHN DOWDING, of No. 5, Hughes Terrace, Lower Road, Deptford, in the County
of Kent, Carpenter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PAVING OF STREETS, ROADS, AND
OTHER PLACES, AND IN THE MEANS OR MATERIALS THEREFOR."
The object of this Invention is to provide a pavement of wood blocks of any
convenient or special dimensions for carriageways, streets, or roads, of any width
or gradient (including tramways) which shall be at once more simple in construction,
more durable and lasting in wear, and more easily and effectively repaired than any
other wood pavement now known to the public, and may be laid with or without
kreasote.
Firstly. I provide that each row of blocks or pitchers be rebated on both the
under or lower sides with square rebates in the direction of their length. In the
rebates of every two rows of blocks I provide for the insertion of a stout bearing
piece, of such size as to perfectly fit in the rebates, and so separate the rows of
blocks from each other as to allow of the joint between them being rammed solidly
full of gravel, which I provide and describe hereafter.
Secondly. That both the pitchers and bearing pieces do take a solid, even, and
uniform bearing together on the bed of concrete (which I also provide), and being
so closely and compactly fitted together do form a pavement absolutely in one solid
mass or piece throughout its whole extent.
Thirdly. That the bearing pieces can be of any length that may be found most
convenient, that both they and the pitchers do properly break joint, and that all
restorations over openings for gas or water mains, or sewerage purposes, and all
repairs becoming necessary can be affected in the most simple and inexpensive
manner as respects all the materials used.
Fourthly. That the filling in of the joints between the pitchers be effected by
means of ramming them tightly full of screened gravel of a uniform size, burnt,
tarred, and prepared before being brought upon the site, and the surface when

page_text: the laying of the pavement is completed be covered with a coating of coarse
sand.
Lastly. That the concrete be composed of best Thames ballast and hydraulic
lime or cement in the proportion of 5 to 1 respectively, and be not less than 12
inches thick, except in streets where there is less traffic, when a lesser thickness will
suffice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Kerr at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1876.
HERBERT KERR, of 11, Charles Street, Saint James', in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES."
#
This Invention of improvements in envelopes consists in adapting the ordinary
closed envelope of whatever size to the purposes of conveying circulars and such
like documents under the regulations of the book post, which requires the packets
to be open at the ends for inspection by the post office authorities. I accomplish
this by taking the ordinary envelope as it comes from the makers and cutting away
at each folded end, front and back, a semi-lunar piece or of any other form, or even
partially splitting open and so that at each end of the envelope the corners are not
destroyed; the space left at these corners on the ends of the envelope may vary
according to the conditions required, but I find half an inch sufficient.
The circular or other document being folded to fit or slightly less than the interior
of the envelope, it is placed within it, and the envelope fastened in the ordinary
manner with the adhesive flap. In this way the corners on the end of the envelope
prevent the withdrawal of the circular whilst the packet remains flat, but if the
post office officials require to inspect it they have simply to pinch the sides and view
the contents, or if preferred double up the circular on its length and withdraw it
from the case. After inspection it can as readily be returned to the envelope.
It is obvious that the same principle of leaving the corners of the envelope to
protect the circular from falling out may be applied by only using one corner at
each end and cutting the opposing corners of the envelope entirely away, or the
The circular is
two lower or two upper corners of the envelope may be cut away.
then retained by the two upper or two lower corners of the envelope respectively.
AN IMPROVED CHEST PROTECTOR FOR PERSONS OF WEAK LUNGS, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE AS A RESPIRATOR AND AS A PROTECTOR TO OTHER PARTS OF THE PERSON
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thaddeus Hyatt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1876. Partly a communication
from abroad by Henry Hayward, of the City of New York, in the United
States of America.
THADDEUS HYATT, of 66, Gloucester Gardens, Hyde Park, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Inventor. "AN IMPROVED CHEST PROTECTOR FOR PERSONS OF WEAK
LUNGS, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE AS A RESPIRATOR AND AS A PROTECTOR
TO OTHER PARTS OF THE PERSON." Partly a communication from abroad by Henry
Hayward, of the City of New York, in the United States or America.
This Invention consists in the manufacture, use, and application of compressed or
moulded felt, preferably with horsehair, as the foundation of the same formed into
a suitable shape to fit the bust of the wearer when used to protect the chest or into a
suitable shape to fit the face, or a portion thereof, when used as a respirator or
otherwise shaped for other parts of the person, the object or purpose of the Invention in
the case of the respirator being to filter the air (the felt for this purpose being
made sufficiently porous in itself) as it enters the mouth and nostrils, and thus
preserve the lungs from the injurious effects of sulphur and carbon particles, so
fatally prevalent in some atmospheres; and in the case of the chest protector to
shield the chest and lungs from sudden atmospheric changes equally fatal to life
and health.
The articles herein mentioned are made directly from sheets of felt or from felting
materials, such as any of the grasses that partake of the properties of horsehair as
regards elasticity and rigidity, so that when once moulded to any particular shape
they will retain the form which I impart to them by means of pressure and pressure
moulds over suitable forms in conjunction with steam heat by any well-known
process; or they may be made by any other suitable or well-known method, and
from the raw materials direct.
One method and a good one is as follows:-Having cut from a sheet of felt a
piece of suitable shape and size for the purpose designed, I place it between a pair
of heated dies previously made and fashioned to produce the required configuration,
and subject the same to pressure in a press or otherwise, where it remains until it
has assumed permanently the shape of the dies, when it is taken out, and made
ready for use and sale by being properly trimmed with ribbon or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO CRANES AND OTHER MACHINES FOR LOWERING WEIGHTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Matthews at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1870.
WILLIAM MATTHEWS, of 2, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, in the City of
Westminster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO CRANES
AND OTHER MACHINES FOR LOWERING WEIGHTS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in brakes, specially applicable to
cranes and other machines for lowering weights.
Where very heavy weights have to be dealt with, as in machinery for placing
concrete blocks and in heavy cranes, it is very important that there should be
efficient means for controlling the machine whilst lowering the load, and for holding
it fast or supporting it in any required position without the intervention of a ratchet
or stop of similar description, or where momentum has to be overcome or reduced
or altogether checked in the case of other machinery.
To attain this end I mount on the two ends of the axis of the winding barrel, or
it may be on the ends of any intermediate shaft or of the engine shaft, two cranks
at right angles to each other, and I couple these cranks by means of connecting
rods or otherwise with the piston rods of pistons working in cylinders, which are
kept full of water or other liquid. Each piston is provided with a cupped leather
or cupped leathers, and there is in connection with each cylinder an external
passage or passages connecting one end with the other. There is a valve in each
passage which can be opened or closed and accurately controlled, the valves acting
simultaneously by means of worms and worm wheels or other gearing operated by
a hand wheel or other means. The resistance opposed to the passage of the liquid
when the valves are partially closed fixes the rate at which the block or other load
can descend or the momentum can thus be checked, and when the valves are shut
the machine is brought to a standstill, and in the case of cranes or other machines
for lowering weights the load is thus prevented from descending.
In machines for dealing with comparatively light weights one controlling cylinder
will be sufficient, and in this case an oscillating cylinder may be employed. A pair
of oscillating cylinders in lieu of fixed cylinders may be employed where thought
desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UP-AND-DOWN' MOVEMENT FOR WATCHES, CHRONOMETERS, AND SPRING CLOCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giuseppe Zaffira at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1876.
'
GIUSEPPE ZAFFIRA, of. Pentonville Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UP-AND-DOWN' MOVEMENT FOR WATCHES, CHRONOMETERS,
AND SPRING CLOCKS."
"
This Invention relates to a pecular arrangement of what is known as the
"up-and-down movement, whereby such movement can be applied to the going
barrels of waches, chronometers, and spring clocks (a result not hitherto attained),
by which means the number of hours the mainspring of the going barrel has to
run is indicated on a dial or otherwise.
According to this Invention I combine an arrangement of toothed rack and
spur wheel as herein-after described with the peculiar compensating arrangement
described in the Provisional Specification lodged by me at the office of Her
Majesty's Commissioners of Patents on the 9th day of February 1876, No. 520.
The traverse of the slotted slide of the said compensating arrangement across
the spirally grooved end of the barrel is caused by the action of a toothed rack
secured to such slide to impart a rotary motion to a spur wheel, the arbour of
which wheel passes longitudinally through the centre of the barrel arbour. To
the opposite end of this inner arbour there is fitted a pinion which gears into a
spur wheel, the arbour of which carries a pointer which indicates on a small
subsidiary dial on the watch or clock face the number of hours the main spring will
act before requiring to be rewound, the said subsidiary dial being divided into as
many parts as the number of hours the mainspring will operate after it has been
fully wound up. If desired the indicating pointer and dial may be disposed inside
the case in lieu of on the face of the timekeeper, and the said "up-and-down'
movement may be employed either in conjunction or not with the compensating
action, in which latter case the blade springs on the cross arm of the said
compensating action would be dispensed with.
د"
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Green and Benjamin Sykes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1876.
HENRY GREEN, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Gas Engineer, and
BENJAMIN SYKES, of Preston, aforesaid, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER
SKATES."
Our Invention has for its object the constructing roller skates upon a novel
principle, which consists in applying the action of an ordinary ice skate to skates
mounted upon wheels or rollers in such a manner as to obtain the requisite gyratory
movements or evolutions, whilst employing a rigid connection between the foot rest,
hangers, and the roller axes.
According to one mode of carrying out our Invention the back of the foot rest
is carried on a series of rollers mounted loosely on a shaft or axis, which is curved
in a horizontal plane or otherwise shaped so as to cause that portion of the axis
which carries any one of the rollers to form a different angle from the portions of
the axis which carry the adjacent rollers of the series. The various rollers con-
stituting the series decreased in diameter from the central rollers to the outer rollers
on cach side of the longitudinal axial line of the foot rest, in such a manner that
the whole series together produce a form approximating to that of a double
truncated cone, the sides of which are curved. The shaft or axis is by preference
provided with suitable shoulders, so as to ensure the several rollers of the series
working freely without impeding the movements of each other. The opposite end
of the foot rest may either be fitted with a roller or rollers having a curved
periphery, or with one of the form of a double truncated cone or barrel shape
mounted loosely on a straight shaft or axis.
In operating with our improved skate, the skater by the act of moving his foot
as in ordinary ice skating brings either the central roller or rollers or the outer
rollers of the guiding series into play as required.
It is obvious that the series of guiding rollers may be arranged at the front of
the skate in lieu of at the back, and a similar result be obtained.
PRINTING ON WIRE, PLAIN OR PERFORATED ZINC, OR OTHER METALS BY THE ORDINARY PROCESSES OF PRINTING FOR ORNAMENTING BLINDS, &c
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by George Adams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1876.
GEORGE ADAMS, of 129, Packington Street, Islington, London, Printer. "PRINTING
ON WIRE, PLAIN OR PERFORATED ZINC, OR OTHER METALS BY THE ORDINARY
PROCESSES OF PRINTING FOR ORNAMENTING BLINDS, &c."
The words, designs, patterns, or marks intended to be used are first drawn upon
stone or zinc in the ordinary way, or bit into the stone or zinc by means of nitric
or other acids. The metal is then laid on the stone after it has been inked, and is
then printed in the usual way; or the wire or perforated metal is printed by means
of the ordinary letterpress printing press in the same way as paper or card.
The parts of this Invention which are claimed as new is the application of the
art of printing to the decoration of wire and metal for the purpose above specified
and other purposes to which it is applicable and has not heretofore been used.