matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alexander Simmons at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th February 1873.
I, GEORGE ALEXANDER SIMMONS, of Great Saffron Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer of Barometers and other Scientific Instru-
ments, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to barometers in which a bent or curved tube
is used to contain the mercury or other indicating fluid. Such tube
is open at the upper part of its shorter branch or limb, where it is
closed by a plug or stopper. In barometers of this description of
ordinary construction the instrument cannot be set ready for action at
the time of manufacture because if so set it would be damaged or
spoilt when moved from place to place as is necessary when the article
is brought into the market for sale or exportation, or at other
occasions.
Now in such ordinary barometers it has hitherto been necessary to
f the frame ar case in order to shift or draw up the

page_text: -
glass, and then to withdraw the stopper of the smaller branch or
limb of the tube by hand. Numerous evils arise from this operation.
It is often imperfectly performed, it gives great trouble, and renders
the barometer liable to get out of order. Whereas according to my
Invention I overcome these difficulties by constructing a barometer in
the following manner :- I connect the plug or stopper of the lower
branch of the bent or curved tube with a rack and pinion, or a screw,
or other mechanical contrivance capable of being actuated from the
outside of the case or frame of the barometer. For instance a rod
attached to the stopper may be caused to traverse the case or frame, and
be connected with a mechanical appliance, outside the same, worked by
hand by means of a thumb piece. By this arrangement the plug or
stopper may be readily lifted and replaced without opening the case or
frame of the barometer, without disturbing the glass, and indeed without
difficulty or trouble.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR WORKING RAILWAY, SWITCHES OR POINTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1878.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART, of Brynkir, in the County of
Carnarvon, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR WORKING RAILWAY, SWITCHES OR POINTS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide increased protection to
railway trains when passing the points. This I propose to effect by
firmly maintaining the switches in their set position. To attain this end
I provide at each side of the track a clamping piece externally of the
rail and switch, and a wedge or filling piece between the rail and switch.
These two pieces I connect together, so that they may be moved
simultaneously (by the aid of a rock lever or crank or equivalent device)
to or from the point of junction of the switch and rail. When the wedge
is moved forward it will force open the switch, the clamping jaws being
sufficiently far apart to allow of the lateral motion of the switch, but as
the wedge is drawn back the clamping jaws will be caused to press the
switch towards the rail, and hold it firmly in contact therewith.
AN IMPROVED PISTON FOR STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES, OR FOR PUMPS, OR FOR STEAM HAMMERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Temple at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1873.
I, GEORGE TEMPLE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PISTON FOR STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES, OR FOR PUMPS, OR FOR STEAM HAMMERS,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to an improved method of constructing and
packing pistons applicable for use in steam or other engines, in pumps,
or in steam hammer apparatus. The middle portion of the piston I
form of a solid circular block through which the piston rod is passed,
and from which project two or more retaining rims, the outer cir-
cumferences of which are turned to fit the cylinder of the engine,
pump, or steam hammer in which they are subsequently intended to
work. Between these rims I leave annular spaces or grooves of about
the same width as the rims themselves. In these grooves I place
packing rings divided into two, three, or more parts. I prefer however
to have them only in two nearly semicircular annular parts, which
when first fitted to the grooves exactly fill them. The ends of each

page_text: part I cut away so as to leave a wider opening towards its inner
circumference than towards its outer circumference. In these openings
I fit wedge-shaped pieces of corresponding shape thereto when first
fitted.
In some instances I cut the end faces of the rings and wedges so that
they shall fit in each other.
Each of the wedges I provide with an inwardly projecting pin or
stud which enter holes drilled or otherwise formed in the central block.
I encircle the pins with spiral springs which have a constant tendency
to thrust the wedges outwards, and thus to tighten the packing rings
against the cylinder walls. This pressure however is more evenly dis-
tributed by the application of other spiral or other springs, which have
à tendency to thrust the central parts of the packing pieces outwards.
As the packing rings wear away at their outer circumferences the
springs thrust the wedges outwards and cause the rings to keep steam-
tight against the cylinder walls; this action is also helped or caused
to some degree by the other springs bearing against the central parts
of the packing pieces. As the wedges wear equally with the packing
rings the piston at all times is perfectly circular and truly fits its
cylinder.
1
cylinder.
The Invention can be equally well applied to pistons of other shapes
besides circular, such as elliptical, triangular, or square pistons.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SEATS AND DESKS FOR SCHOOLS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1873.
I, WILLIAM JAMES MARTIN, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEATS AND DESKS FOR SCHOOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
seats and desks for schools, and consists of a flat or inclined top, the
seat of which is used for the desk immediately in front, which seat may
be fixed or hinged so as to turn up and give standing and marching
room for the scholars.
The seat and desk are constructed upon two cast-iron standards, with
provision for screwing to the floor at such distances apart as to allow of
woodwork projecting five or six inches.
The seat and desk are primarily designed for the use of two scholars,
and may be of the length prescribed by the Educational Department, or,
as required, for two or more scholars. The seat is in front of the desk,
and is provided with a hinge, so that it can be turned back against the

page_text: desk entirely out of the way in order to allow of room for standing or
marching. The boss part of hinge of seat is projected (some three or
four inches) in such form as to allow of the projection moving between
two snugs cast to the standards, and faced with india-rubber. The
india-rubber is introduced in order to prevent any noise being made
when raising or lowering the sent. If the seat is not required to be
turned back for these purposes, the bracket forming part of the standards
is made without hinges.
.
The desk top (some thirteen or fourteen inches wide) is carried upon
brackets forming part of the cast-iron standards, and contains an 1
aperture for ink wells, two grooves for pens and pencils, and two slits
for slates, which are received between the boards forming the back of
the desk and the shelf or compartments for the books, and rest upon a
horizontal strip of wood carried by preparation on the standards, which
strip of wood also gives stability to the structure. The slates when in 1
their position stand sufficiently above the desk surface as to allow of the
scholar taking hold of them when required. They are also kept in their
position by a narrow strip of wood placed vertically and attached to the
horizontal strip running from standard to standard.
Underneath the desk is a plain shelf projecting from standard to 2
standard for books. This shelf may be left open at the ends, or if
required enclosed at each end and divided in the middle, and provided
with hinged flap or door so as to give a private compartment for each
scholar.
The back of the desk is enclosed by boards fixed in grooves or snugs 2
in the standards prepared for the purpose, thus presenting a uniform
surface, covering the slates and shelf for books, and forming the back for
the seat. There is also a plinth to prevent things falling off the desk
top.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING BY THE COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBON OR OTHER VOLATILE OILS
Year: 1873

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edmunds, Joseph
Arthur Wood, and David Pitcairn Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th April
1873.
3 We, HENRY EDMUNDS, jun'., Ironmonger, and JOSEPH ARTHUR
WOOD, Spinner, both of Halifax, in the County of York, and DAVID
PITCAIRN WRIGHT, of the Firm of Wright and Butler, Lamp Manufac-
turers, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING
AND HEATING BY THE COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBON OR OTHER VOLATILE OILS," to
be as follows, (that is to say) :-
The essence of our Invention consists in inducing a current of air by
the natural draught of a chimney to pass over or through hydrocarbon
or other suitable volatile oil or spirit, or absorbent substances saturated
therewith, by which the said current becomes impregnated with a
gaseous vapour, which being conducted to a small escape orifice or
orifices will then burn on the application of a light without the use of
a wick, and continue to do so from the induced draught of the flue-way
or chimney, and whether used for the purpose of heating or lighting is

page_text: capable of the most delicate adjustment, and may be adapted for the
lighting or heating of the saloon or cottage, as well as for the generation
of steam for marine, locomotive, or fixed engines, or for cooking or
heating purposes generally.
:
But by way of illustration we will describe our Invention as adapted
for ordinary table lamps, for which we use a vessel of any suitable
material, with a supply mouth or other arrangement for charging, and
with suitable internal arrangements, by which air passage or passages,
through or over the hydrocarbon or other volatile spirit or oil, or
absorbent material saturated therewith, which air passage or passages
terminate in this case in a reduced top end or contracted orifice or
orifices, technically called the burner, around or near which a holder is
formed for receiving the indispensable chimney. The air thus drawn by
the draught of the chimney through or over the hydrocarbon or volatile
spirit or oil, or the absorbent material saturated therewith, becomes
so strongly impregnated with the same that it readily ignites and
continues to burn by the upward draught of the chimney, which keeps
up an active current through the body of the lamp.
The same principle which applies to the description thus given of a
lamp for lighting, may be with suitable appliances arranged and adapted
for generating heat or steam; also for cooking, or for the many diversified
forms that light and heat separately or conjointly may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING BUILDINGS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Crossland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1873.
I, JAMES CROSSLAND, of Carlton Chambers, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
warming buildings. For this purpose I construct a series of flucs or
warm air channels, which connect a warm air chamber with the several
rooms of the building to be warmed, and I construct another series of
flues or channels to draw off vitiated air from the rooms.
The warm air chamber is kept supplied with warm air from another
chamber which contains a stove, and set in or on the stove there is a
close boiler connected by circulating pipes with a water trough in which
water is thus kept heated, and the trough being open at the top the
water evaporates and moistens the air which is caused to pass over it as
passes from the stove chamber into the warm air chamber.
it

page_text: The stream of fresh air to supply the warm air chamber is drawn from
the exterior of the building and caused to enter the stove chamber, and
it ascends through pipes which are heated by the stove. These pipes are
open at both ends and are set by preference in a vertical position. The
air having been moderately heated in the stove chamber is led over the
top of the water trough, then through a screen of wire gauze to ensure
the admixture of the air and aqueous vapour, and so the moistened air
enters the warm air chamber.
The warm air chamber is of sufficient dimensions to allow the air to
completely absorb the moisture, and also to allow the air to come to rest,
or nearly so, in order to prevent sudden rushes of air passing direct from
the inlet into the rooms of the house. The passages or flues by which
the air escapes from the warm air chamber are proportioned in sectional
area to the current which each is intended to carry, and as each passage
or flue divides, the sectional area of each part is similarly proportioned
to the volume of air which each part is intended to carry. By this
means the safety is rendered much more regular than it would be if the
channels or flues were not so proportioned.
When it is necessary the incoming current of air may be passed over
a disinfectant.
The same apparatus serves for cooling buildings in summer, spray of
cold water being introduced at the point where in winter the hot water
trough is placed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Peter Heinrich Ochwadt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd May 1873.
I, CARL PETER HEINRICH OCHWADT, Engineer, from Hamburg,
(Germany), do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
-
This Invention has for its purpose to construct a valve gear which
allows a complete expansion of steam in steam engines. There are two
slide valves one upon or above the other, of which the upper one is the
expansion valve. The motion of the latter includes my Invention, and
is worked as follows:-The reciprocating motion of the expansion valve
depends upon the lower valve which regulates the motion of the same
by movable. catches. These catches are arranged according to the
intended degree of expansion and can be brought in connection with
the regulator or governor of the engine. To get a momentaneous cut
off of steam I use a spiral or other sort of spring which is acted upon by
the movement of the lower valve rod and disengaged by the above

page_text: mentioned catches. At the moment when the spring is disengaged
the expansion valve shuts the steam part of the lower valve and the
expansion begins.
My Invention allows therefore a momentaneous cut off of steam by
the expansion valve, and at the same time any desired degree of
expansion. Instead of a spring I use sometimes a weight or a special
small steam cylinder.
My valve gear can be applied to engines which are intended to run
only single or both ways; in neither case more than one loose or two
fast excentrics are necessary. From this reason my arrangement is
especially adapted for marine and locomotive engines.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY SIGNAL BELLS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1873.
I, FRANK SMITH, of Derby, in the County of Derby, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY SIGNAL BELLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to such railway signal bells as are employed for
the purpose of communicating with the guard or engine driver (or with
both) upon railway trains, and consists of a certain method of and appa-
ratus for taking up the slack of the cord so as to maintain the latter
always at its proper tension, and at the same time to allow of the
requisite action of the buffer and draw-bar springs.
In the ordinary arrangement the cord of communication is attached
direct to the lever or detent which sets the bell in action, and the con-
sequence is that if the cord is wound up tight the lengthening of the
train due to the action of the draw-bars when starting a heavy train or
when going up hill (or from any other cause) is apt to set the alarm
bell in action, and if the cord is not wound up tight enough it becomes

page_text: too slack to act properly, especially when (in descending an incline for
instance) the buffer springs are driven home.
My Invention consists in attaching the cord to a pulley, which pulley
is connected by a volute spring to the axis of the lever or detent of the
bell action. The pulley is provided with a ratchet wheel and pawl and
the spring is wound up so as to coil the cord a certain number of times
round the pulley, the result being that when the train expands in length
the spring allows the cord to be lengthened or uncoiled without acting
upon the bell, and upon the train contracting the spring takes up the
slack of the cord and keeps it at a proper tension.
When the cord is pulled for the purpose of giving a signal or alarm a
certain length of the cord must be uncoiled from the pulley before it
acts upon the detent of the bell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING BREAKWATERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Studer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1873.
I, HENRY STUDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING BREAKWATERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to floating or buoyant breakwaters adapted to be
employed in protecting harbours and portions of sea coast in manner as
is well understood. Such breakwaters as constructed or proposed to be
constructed previously to my said Invention have principally been in
the form of floating cradles moved by means of chains.
When carrying my said Invention into effect I propose to make a
breakwater or each section of a breakwater in the form of a screen,
weighted at the lower edge and connected by means of "booms" or
connecting beams with screw or other suitable moorings.
In one arrangement the breakwater or each section thereof consists of
a number of hollow metal cylindrical pontoons, which when undisturbed
would float in an upright position. These cylinders are connected
together by horizontal planks or beams of timber, which are secured at

page_text: each end to the said cylinders. The said cylinders or some of them are
jointed at their lower ends to booms, the other ends of the said booms
being jointed to the upper ends of screw mooring piles.
I propose in some or in all cases to make the said booms of clusters of
angle, tee, or other shaped iron bars connected together at intervals and
suitably formed or fitted at each end to be jointed to the cylinders and
mooring piles as aforesaid.
I prefer to arrange the said booms or some of them diagonally with
reference to the line of the breakwater or of a section thereof in order
that the said breakwater or section may be prevented from moving to
any great extent in an endwise direction. When so constructed the
submersion of the breakwater or of any of the said cylinders may be
adjusted by putting water into or withdrawing water from the cylinders,
or into or from any of them, each cylinder being formed with an opening
for the purpose, the said opening being provided with a removable
cover.
Modifications may be made in the aforesaid arrangements, as for
example, timber beams may be substituted for the said metal cylinders,
and the aforesaid booms may be made partially or wholly of timber, as
may be preferred, or found to be most suitable in each case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Powell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th -
June 1873.
.
I, WILLIAM POWELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention has reference to breech-loading small-arms of the kind
called drop-down guns, and consists of the construction and combination
of parts herein-after described for connecting the "fore ends" of the
said guns to and disconnecting them from the barrels.
I make the bar and abutment of the metallic part of the "fore end"
in the usual way, and I make in the said bar a slot of the usual kind for
the loop on the under side of the barrels to take into it. The said
loop is provided with a recess or notch at its front side into which a
sliding bolt takes. This bolt works in a tubular guide at the front part
of the fore end bar and is pressed in the direction of the butt end of the
gun by means of a coiled spring.
On the under side of the tubular guide described and near its outer
end a short lever having a thumb plate is jointed. The short inner arm
་

page_text: of this lever is cranked nearly at right angles and engages in a slot in
the bolt near its front end.
By the action of the coiled spring described the bolt is pressed home
and the lever held against the tubular guide, and the thumb plate end
of the said lever is made to lic flush with the outer side of the wooden
cover of the fore end.
In connecting the fore end to the barrels the abutment at its rear end
is placed against the joint of the barrels and the said fore end pressed
against the barrels. As the loop enters the slot in the fore end bar it
presses back the bolt by its inclined front.
When the fore end has arrived at its seat on the barrels the bolt snaps
into the notch or recess in the loop and secures the fore end firmly to
the barrels.
In order to disconnect the fore end from the barrels it is only.
necessary to place the finger or thumb under the thumb plate of the lever
and lift the said lever. The said lever is thereby made to turn upon its
joint and its short arm withdraws the bolt from the recess or notch in
front of the loop. The fore end is thereby unfastened and may be
removed from the barrels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOES."-A communication from
abroad by Michael Cookerly, of Baxter Springs, Kansas, United
States of America.
Sealed the 28th March 1873, and dated the 8th February 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 8th February 1873, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton Build-
ings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim, the improvements in hoes as
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
three.
0 Witness,
.
WM. ROB. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR HOLDING THE CORDS OF WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ero Potter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1873.
I, WILLIAM ERO POTTER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FASTENING FOR HOLDING THE CORDS OF WINDOW BLINDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention for an improved fastening for holding the cords of
window blinds relates more particularly to holding the cords of Venetian
window blinds, but is also applicable to other descriptions of blinds.
A fastening constructed according to my Invention consists of two
levers, pawls, eccentrics, or cams, which are pivotted or hinged on to a
plate or bracket. These levers, pawls, eccentrics, or cams, are arranged
so as to take the thickness of the blind cord between them, and so that
the weight of the blind on the cord causes the levers, pawls, eccentrics,
or cams to converge towards each other, so that they grip and hold the
cord between them. One lever, pawl, eccentric, or cam has its holding
edge made concave, and the other lever, pawl, eccentric, or cam has its

page_text: holding edge made convex, so that more holding power is given. In
some instances the holding or biting edges may be milled. To prevent
too great an upward tendency when the weight of the blind is on the
fastener, one lever, pawl, eccentric, or cam is fitted with a quadrant and
slot, and the other lever, pawl, eccentric, or cam is fitted with a corre-
sponding quadrant and guide pin, which pin takes into the before-
mentioned slot. In some instances one lever, pawl, eccentric, or cam
may be fitted with an adjusting screw, so as to adjust the distance
apart of the levers and adapt them to the thickness of the cord they have
to hold.
In some cases the plate or bracket may be dispensed with and the
levers, pawls, eccentrics, or cams, pivoted, or hinged direct on to the
window frame, or shutter.
A modification of the fastener may consist of using only one lever, the
equivalent for the other lever being a provision or lug cast on the
bracket so that the cord is held between the lever and the said provision
or lug.
The levers, pawls, eccentrics, or cams are made of sufficient thickness
or depth to take the number of cords, one, two, three, or more, working
the blind, as the case may be.
The action may be thus summarized. The plate, or bracket is screwed
to the window frame or shutter in the usual position for blind fasteners.
The levers or their mechanical equivalents hang downwards by their
weight. Upon the blind cord being placed between the levers or their
mechanical equivalents the weight of the blind on the cord causes the 2
levers or their mechanical equivalents to converge together, thereby
biting and holding the blind cord between them. When it is required
to release the blind cord a slightly downward and outward pull will
effect the object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES' OR 'HAIRS' USED IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND IN OIL CAKE MAKING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cyrus Eskrett and Henry
Searle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th May 1873.
We, CYRUS ESKRETT and HENRY SEARLE, both of Kingston-upon-
Hull, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES' OR 'HAIRS' USED IN EXTRACTING
OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND IN OIL CAKE MAKING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the adoption in the particular manner
hereafter described of paper, millboard, or fabric of equivalent character
in the construction of envelopes or hairs aforesaid, that is to say, wo
procure sheets or pieces of stout and thick millboard (or equivalent
fabric), and we usually use one such sheet or piece for one side of the
envelope or "hair," which is joined to the other side by a handle and
leather coupling screwed or secured to each side as usual. To these
pieces of millboard or fabric we attach, usually by stitching, as specified
under our Patent, No. 2706, A.D. 1869, strips or pieces of wood with

page_text: rounded faces, and a surface edging of horsehair, bag yarn, or other
suitable material. Thus we form envelopes or "hairs" with plain pieces
or sliccts of millboard as backing, having corrugated surfaces composed
of pieces of wood. We could, however, use the millboard in strips or
pieces instead of the wood, with or without backing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES USED FOR HOLDING AND POURING OUT LIQUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Catharine Hall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 12th
June 1873.
I, CATHARINE HALL, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
Spinster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES USED FOR HOLDING AND POURING OUT LIQUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to jugs and such like intended for holding
and pouring out liquids, and consist in supplying to such one or more
lipped receptacles for the purpose, when in use of arresting, catching,
and holding that portion of the liquid which more or less drops or runs
over the spout, and down the sides of the jug or such like, and so
prevent soiling the articles on which such jugs, and such like may be
placed.
The improvements may be performed by making the catch receptacle
separate and moveable, with conveniences for fastening on the jug, or
the jug and such like may at the time of its manufacture have the catch
receptacle fixed to it, and it may be constructed and proportioned to the

page_text: size of the spout of the jug; the catch receptacle may be made of any
convenient material, shape, or design, furnished with a projecting inner
rim, band, or lip, and be so constructed and fixed that when partially or
nearly filled with droppings or liquid from the spout of the jug it may
hold and contain the said droppings or liquid at any angle the jug may
be held while pouring out its contents.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ROUGHENING' HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Elliot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1873.
I, JOHN CHARLES ELLIOT, of Moulton, in the County of Northampton,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ROUGHENING' HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
6
"
This Invention relates to certain improved, simple, and useful means
for readily "roughening" or sharpening "the shoes of horses or other
animals in frosty weather or when travelling over slippery surfaces,
without necessitating their removal from the feet of the animal.
The improved means of roughenings, consists chiefly in the application
and use of peculiarly and specially formed or shaped nails, which can be
quickly applied to or removed from the shoes whilst on the animal's
feet.
The heads or projecting parts of the improved nails I form of steel or
hardened metal, and by preference of the shape of a pyramid or wedge,
or of a cone with a rounded point.

page_text: In order to retain them firmly in their proper positions when in the
shoes I form them with ridges or side projections, which fit in the nail
grooves or in other suitable recesses made in the under surface or part of
the shoes.
In applying these improved "roughening" nails to a shoe, I employ
or make use of a punch formed in its head or side with indentations or
recesses of corresponding form or shape to the heads of the roughening
nails employed, and by tapping the punch with a hammer I secure the
nails firmly in their proper positions without injuring their heads, and
when necessary or desirable to remove them from a shoe I can do so
with pincers or with any other equivalent nipping or withdrawing
tool.
In- PROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE FOLDING OF PAPERS TO CONTAIN POWDERS AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Francis Lynch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1873.
I, THOMAS FRANCIS LYNCH, of Aldersgate Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE FOLDING OF PAPERS TO CONTAIN
POWDERS AND OTHER MATTERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for facilitating
the folding of papers to contain powders and other matters, and relates
to the employment of means whereby facility is afforded for adjusting
the folder to various sizes, and of readily folding the apparatus together
into a small compass when it is not required for use.
For this purpose
I employ two frames which are pin-jointed together at or near the
centres thereof, so as to unite them together into the form of a cross in
a similar manner to that of a butler's tray stand. The upper ends of
these frames are provided with plates, over which the paper may be
creased and folded. One of these frames is pin-jointed at its lower end
to a foundation plate or table, whilst the lower end of the other frame is
suitably formed to engage with one or other of a number of teeth

page_text: formed on or fixed to the foundation plate or table and suitably numbered.
Thus by placing the lower end of this last-mentioned frame in one or
other of the teeth in the foundation plate, the upper ends of such frames
will be readily adjusted to facilitate the folding of any desired size of
paper within the limits of the apparatus, whilst when not required for
use the frames may be readily folded down so as to rest flat or nearly so
on the foundation plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND TAPPING CAST-IRON MAIN PIPES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cort at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1873.
I, JAMES CORT, Engineer, of 7, Lower Bland Street, Dover Road,
St. Mary Newington, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND TAPPING
CAST-IRON MAIN PIPES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in so constructing the saddle of drilling
apparatus which fits on to the main pipe that a hollow boss is formed
upon it, which hollow boss is chased or screwed on the outside and is
fitted with a cap having an internal screw, and arms or levers for
turning it round. The drill and tap holder passes through the hollow
boss on the saddle and has a collar or shoulder on which the screw
cap rests in order to give the requisite pressure; when drilling or tapping
the drill and tap holder is turned round by a ratchet brace; the drill
and tap for tapping the holes when drilled are in one piece, the .tap
being a continuation of the drill, so that the tapping or screwing of
the hole when drilled is done without removing the drill and replacing

page_text: it by a separate tap as is usually the case, thereby saving time and
preventing any undue escape of gas or water, as the case may be,
whilst attaching service pipes to the mains.
By means of the hollow boss on the saddle, and the screwed winged
cap fitting thereon for giving the requisite pressure to the drill and
tap holder, I am enabled to construct the apparatus in the most compact
and portable form. The saddle is attached to the main pipes by means
of a chain passing around it and drawn tight by means of screws and
nuts working through swivels which are fitted on to the horns of the
saddle, the chain may be also tightened by lengthening the arms of
the swivels which rest on the saddle eccentrically and fitting them with
forked levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Maude at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1873.
I, JAMES MAUDE, of Sherwood Foundry, Mansfield, in the County of
Nottingham, Iron Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAFF-CUTTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The present Invention relates to a new and simple arrangement of the
working parts of chaff-cutting machines, which consists mainly in a
combination of four small toothed wheels, and two springs whereby all
the advantages of a rising mouth are obtained without the employment
of the usual lever and weight, and further in the provision of a change
wheel, with a double set of teeth for cutting an extra length (a great
desideratum in this class of machine) which is accomplished by simply
turning or reversing the same. Two of the four wheels are keyed on the
shafts of the ratchet rollers, which feed the hay or straw, and are always
kept in gear whatever the rise or fall of the mouth, and caused to
revolve in the same direction by the others.

page_text: The change wheel is driven by a worm fixed on the fly wheel shaft,
and is placed on the shaft of the lower ratchet roller.
The working parts are mounted on a cast iron or metal frame,
provided with wrought-iron rods, and fitted with the usual rollers, fly
wheel, and knives.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING WOOL AND FIBRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Blakey Spencer, Thomas
Washington, and John Oddy at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th October 1873.
We, BLAKEY SPENCER and THOMAS WASHINGTON, both of Halifax,
in the County of York, Wool Combers and Top Makers, and JOHN
ODDY, of Halifax aforesaid, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING
WOOL AND FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction and application of
apparatus designed for the purpose of subjecting wool or other fibres
when under the process of washing to a greater degree of agitating and
turning over in and amongst the liquid employed for washing and
cleaning the same, whereby we obtain a better result and economize
time and washing material. Between each pair of the ordinary rakes
we employ an additional rake or a series of forks attached to and
operated by means of a cross shaft.

page_text: The prongs of the rake or forks are curved in the direction of the
feed end of the machine, and a reciprocating motion is given thereto
by means of a crank and rack and pinion (or other mechanical
contrivance). The working this additional rake or fork, and its curved
prongs, has the effect of turning over and loosening out the wool or
fibre in the washing liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTERS' TYPE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTERS' TYPE."
-A communication from abroad by Edwin R. Whitney, of Magog,
Canada.
Scaled the 14th November 1873, and dated the 18th September 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 18th September 1873, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton Build-
ings London Doctor of Laws, send greeting.

page_text: same, I wish it understood that I claim, a type for printing made of
glass, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
HENRY J. NOONE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT STUDS AND COLLAR STUDS AND OTHER STUDS AND SOLITAIRES FOR FASTENING ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Dowler and
John Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th November 1873.
We, THOMAS WILLIAM DOWLER, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and JOHN SMITH, of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT STUDS AND COLLAR STUDS AND OTHER STUDS AND
SOLITAIRES FOR FASTENING ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to such studs and solitaires as consist of
two parts or halves, and our Invention consists of the construction and
combination of parts herein-after described for readily and securely
connecting the said halves together and disconnecting them from one
another.
We construct a stud or solitaire according to our Invention in the
following manner:-One of the halves of the stud or solitaire consists of
a disc or button having a central hollow or tubular stem. Within the
said hollow or tubular stem a spring or elastic bearing or scat is con-
structed. We prefer to make the said spring bearing or seat of a coiled

page_text: spring, the bottom of which is fixed to the bottom of the tubular stem.
In the tubular stem two longitudinal slots are made, and opening into
the said slots is a cross slot. One of the longitudinal slots is open at
the end of the tubular stem. The said slots resemble one part of the
fastening called a bayonet joint fastening. The other half of the stud
or solitaire consists of a disc or button with a central, tubular, or solid
On the outside of the stem is a pin having a head.
stem.
In connecting together the halves or parts of the stud or solitaire, the
back part or that containing the tubular and slotted stem is passed
through the eyelet or other hole or holes in the article of dress, and the
pin on the other half or part of the stud or solitaire is introduced into
the open longitudinal slot in the back stem and pressed inwards, so as to
compress the spring bearing or seat. By then giving a partial rotation
or twisting motion to the front half its pin is brought opposite the inner
longitudinal slot in the stem of the back half, when the elasticity of the
spring bearing or seat forces the said pin into the inner longitudinal
slot, and causes its head to engage with the shoulder between the two
slots. The two halves or parts of the stud or solitaire are thereby con-
nected securely together.
To unfasten the two parts of the stud or solitaire, the front part is
first pressed inwards to disengage the head of its pin from the shoulder
described, and afterwards turned through a part of a circle. By this
means the pin is brought opposite the open or outer longitudinal slot,
and the said pin withdrawn through the latter slot, and the two parts
thereby disconnected.
The discs or buttons of the said studs or solitaires may either be plain.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING YOUNG ANIMALS OF THE MILK DRINKING SPECIES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Vigors O'Dwyer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th May 1873.
I, ANDREW VIGORS O'DWYER, of Mount Venus, Co. Dublin, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR FEEDING YOUNG ANIMALS OF THE MILK DRINKING SPECIES," to be
as follows:-
-
A bucket or tank of tin, galvanized iron, wood, or other suitable
material, divided into compartments if more than one animal is to
fed. From each compartment will issue a syphon of metal, tin, iron, or
of some flexible material which will terminate in a gutta percha tube,
which with the buffer or collar with which it will be supplied will
resemble as nearly as possible or convenient the udder and teat of the
mother of the animal which is to be fed.
It is part of my Invention that the bucket or tank will be placed at
such an elevation as will give the food the most ready access to the
mouth of the animal to be fed.

page_text: The principle of my Invention is that the milk should come from
such a height as it does in nature. Upon the end of the tube or teat
there will be two incisions cross ways thus (X), so that when the animal
being fed presses as when in nature the teat, these incisions will open
like valves, and when the animal ceases to drink will close of their own
accord, and thus check the flow of milk or other food which otherwise
would continue to flow.
It is also part of my Invention to add springs of a suitable metal and
of a suitable construction to help the aforesaid action of the valves in
the end of the tube or teat if I find it necessary.
I also assert that it is part of my Invention to place the said bucket or
tank on wheels for the purpose of moving it if desirable.
I also claim the right to simply perforate the end of the tube if I deem
it desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR DRESSING STONE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hindley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1873.
I, GEORGE HINDLEY, of Ecclcs, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR DRESSING STONE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists principally of a strong metal plate or disc
fixed to the lower end of a vertical revolving axle, which latter is driven
by toothed gearing or by a band and pulley. This disc is provided with
a suitable number of slots, in each of which is mounted a disc-shaped
cutter of hardened steel; these cutters are formed with a chisel edge all
round, and are fixed on short studs or axles mounted radially in the
slots, and are provided with set screws or other similar contrivances to
prevent them from revolving on their axis, and at the same time to allow
of their being turned slightly on their axes when one part has become
dulled or worn, so as to present a fresh cutting surface to the work.

page_text: The stone to be dressed is mounted upon an ordinary travelling bed or
table beneath this cutter, and as it passes along it becomes dressed to a
level and even surface by the action of the revolving cutter above
described.