Improvements in the Process of Forging Elongated Projectiles, and in the Construction of Tools for same.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 29th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Forging Elongated Projectiles, and
in the Construction of Tools for same.
I, BENJAMIN BIRKS, of Hawthorn Road, Sheffield, in the County of York, Foreman,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:
This invention of improvements in forging elongated projectiles, relates to a process
of forging such projectiles in pairs instead of singly, and to the tools employed
therein.
I make a pair of top and bottom tools to be used in a steam hammer or like machine
having sunk hollows in their surfaces or faces representing the conical ends of the shot
or shell, the points being opposite each other.
At the junction of the two points, where the bar of steel would be nearly eat in
two during the operation of forging, I fit a removable piece of steel, so that this part
which suffers the most wear, may be renewed when required; this tool is for the
first part of the process namely roughing out the points.
The round bar of steel is pointed in one end of the tool, it is then placed at the
proper distance over the centre of the tool, the action of the tool upon the steel
produces two points connected by a small portion of metal, so that when the steel is
cut in two between these two points, I have produced a length of steel suitable for
two projectiles and pointed at each end, and have also pointed the bar of steel ready
for the next pair.
The cut-off double forging is now placed between the second pair of tools to he
divided and have the ends squared up; these tools are also top and bottom
hammer tools, and have sunk in their faces two perfect moulds of the projectile
half in the top, and half in the bottom face, the bases being in the centre, and
divided by a bar of steel which is made removable, and which acts as
a cutter
for dividing the two projectiles, (or nearly so,) and for squaring up the ends of
same. The point ends of the moulds are cut through to allow the escape of the excess
of steel as the shot or shell is brought down to its finished size. The small portion
of steel connecting the two projectiles is then sawn across or otherwise ent away,
as well as the excess at the point.
The two beforedescribed tools may be combined if so desired.
ROBT. F. DRURY, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Forging Elongated Projectiles, and
in the Construction of Tools for same.
I, BENJAMIN BIRKS, of Hawthorn Road, Sheffield, in the County of York, Foreman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention is for improvements in the process of forging elongated projectiles
and in the construction of the forging tools employed in such improved process.
"The process consists in the of forging the projectiles in pairs base to base and in
the method of dividing them.
e projectiles in the various stages of manufacture, and the construction of the

page_text: Fig. 1, plan and side view of roughing down tools.
Fig. 2, second tool-plain.
Fig. 3, finishing tool-plain.
Fig. 4, bar of steel with first point as formed in No. 1. tools.
Fig. 5, same bar with other two points formed in No. 1. tools.
Fig. 6, represents the pair of projectiles after passing through the finishing
tools Nos. 2 and 3.
.Fig. 7, represents the method of separating the projectiles by cutting off the central
connecting bit of steel.
Figs. 8 and 9, the support, and the cutter.
In carrying out the invention I make a pair of top and bottom tools such as shown
in Fig. 1 and marked A, to be used in a steam haimmer or other like machine, and
having in their faces, recesses or hollows B, B', their longitudinal cross sectional lino
being curved to the outline or thereabouts of the point of the projectile, the points being
central or opposite each other.
At the junction of the two recesses which represent the points, and in the centre of the
tool where the bar of steel would be nearly cut in two by the operation of the tools,
I fix a removable piece of steel C, preferably by means of a groove into which it
is driven, so that this part being the first to suffer from wear, can be readily
renewed.
The first part of the forging process is done in these tools, namely roughing out
the points.
The round bar of steel is placed upon the part C, which is slightly hollowed in both
tools, to prevent cutting the bar in two, the extreme end of the bar passing over into
the next recess.
The operation of the tools upon the bar which is constantly turned round during the
process, sets down the steel and forms the first point as shown in Fig. 4. The
extreme end of the bar W before mentioned as projecting into the next recess, prevents
the bar being forced back upon the workman by the blows of the hammer; this bit
of waste steel is now cut off, or may be cut off afterwards.
The bar is now pushed forward, and again placed upon the ridge (, at a certain
distance from the first made point, (determined by a gauge or other like means) for
producing a pair of the projectiles without waste of material.
The action of the tools upon the bar forms the double point seen in Fig. 5,
marked D, one of the points P, is on the bar, representing the one first made and
shown in Fig. 4.
The double pointed part. E, being separated from the bar is brought to size and
finished in the tools Figs. 2 and 3-which being provided with a steel plate S, made
concave upon its edge, and fitted in the tool so that it can be readily replaced or
repaired, a corresponding groove G is produced, which partially divides the forging
into two projectiles as shown in Fig. 6.
To completely separate the two parts by cutting out the connection F, the forging
is placed in the cutting off tool shown in Fig. 7, which may either be used in a
steam hammer, a punching machine or the like.
It consists of a bed plate G, carrying a central cutter H, and supports 1, in which
the forging E, is held in position with the connecting bit F, resting upon the cutter H.
The supports and the forging are held up by springs such as Jor K, so that when
the pressure is applied to the forging by the slide or ram L of the machine or by the
tup of the steam hammer, it is forced down upon the cutter H, and the piece F, is
sheared off square from both projectiles.
The forging tools although described as separate tools, may if desired be combined,
and I wish it to be understood, that although I bave described the parts C and S, as
detachable, I do not claim this as part of the invention, but only desirable as a ready
means of renewing such parts.
I also desire it to be understood that the method of cutting off by shearing as

page_text: described may be dispensed with, and the separation be made with a saw or
otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1-The improved process of forging elongated projectiles in pairs with base to base,
as illustrated in Figs. 4, 5, 6 of the drawings by means of the specially constructed
top and bottom tools herein before described and shown.
2-The special forging tools for producing elongated projectiles in pairs and
connected at their bases, and for partially dividing same, constructed substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3.
3-The special tool for completely dividing elongated projectiles when made in
pairs with base to base, constructed substantially as hereinbefore described, and shown
in Figs. 7, 8, 9.
Dated this 25th day of October 1890.
ROBT. F. DRURY, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant