A NEW OR IMPROVED TELEGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE RECEIVING OF TELEORAPHIC MESSAGES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of Chancery Lane, London, for
the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED TELEGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT, CHIEFLY
APPLICABLE TO THE RECEIVING OF TELEORAPHIC MESSAGES." A Communi-
cation from abroad by Severiu Lauritzen, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark.
Sealed the 17th November 1870, and dated the 8th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1870
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, London. "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED TELEGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE RECEIVING OF
TELEGRAPHIC MESSAGES." A communication from abroad by Severin Lauritzen,
of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark.
I fix two polarised steel magnets on an axis which moves in the journal holes,
and is prolonged up through a stand. A metallic boss can by means of a screw be
fixed to the axis. A silver tube is firmly soldered to the boss. Above it I place
an ink reservoir of glass with a metallic bottom carrying two tubes; the stand
carries two pivots passing up through the tubes. The ink reservoir may thus bo
taken off and put on again, and the pivots as well as the tubes are placed in such
a way that a small hole in the bottom of the reservoir meets exactly the silver tube
which is projected in the same. When the reservoir is to be filled it is taken off
and a bottom screw unscrewed.
To effect a sufficiently easy flowing of the ink through the tube an aniline colour
diluted with spirits of wine is employed. The small hole being the only opening
on the reservoir when in use, the colour does not escape at the sides of the tube on
account of the atmospherical pressure. To the end of one of the steel magnets I
attach one of two small hooks joined by a fine spiral spring of brass; the other
hook is placed on a slide moved by a screw. On turning it the spring is slackened
or stretched, one hook being approached to or removed from the other. When a
screw is turned the whole movable stand is turned on a pivot and moved in a
horizontal direction.
A clockwork moves a paper slip through means of rollers over an accurately.

page_text: centered cylinder which may be raised and lowered by means of a screw so as to
cause a slight touch of the end of the tube on the paper. The paper moving along
the colour is drawn out from the tube and forms an uninterrupted line on the paper.
The room in the reservoir formerly occupied by the ink escape is now filled with
air bubbling in through the small bottom opening.
On each side of each of the polarised magnets is placed an electro magnet with
polar end pieces at the same distances from those. The cores are about four
inillimeters and a half thick, and the coils have a resistance of about 200 ohms
each; these electro-magnets are four in number, and are two and two so placed on
two slides that by means of a screw and cog wheels the pairs may be removed and
approached as well mutually as from and to the permanent steel magnets. These
are thus polarised, and the connections between the coils of the electro-magnets
thus arranged that a current produces a co-operation of all the poles as to turn the
steel magnets round their axis The electro magnets with the slides, the steel
magnets, and the stands are placed on a plate which is fixed to the back plate of the
clockwork by an angle piece so as to enable the paper to pass beneath all.
When the line current passes the electro magnets the steel magnets are brought
out of the central position, in which they are kept by the spiral spring and occupy
another, in which the tension of the spring counterbalances the attraction and
repulsion existing between the poles of the electro magnets and the steel magnets,
and when the current has discontinued the steel magnets return in their position.
Such a deflection produces on the paper a wave of the coloured line, a wave the
larger, the larger the charge of the cable has been. A collection of such shorter
and longer waves reprosents the signals as the dots and dashes of the Morse
system.
An instrument of the above construction is principally adapted as receiver for
cables, and has proved itself to work quicker than the instruments with polarised
magnets already in existence The reasons for this are as follows:-To produce a
telographical signal through a cable with an arrangement of magnets of ordinary
construction it is necessary to bring the charge of the cable up to a certain value,
and then at the discharge down to another certain value, between which two
values the difference in charge always must vary to produce the signals. The more
delicate an instrument is, the nearer these values may be the one to the other and
the quicker the instrument can work.
-
An instrument of the above description 1st produces a signal for a difference in
charge, between whichever two values of charge this difference is situated, which
effects that the instrument requires less regulating during the use, and increases the
working speed in comparison with instruments of ordinary construction; and 2nd,
as the writing arrangement is easier to work for a magnet, its electro magnets may
be made more delicate, thus, for instance, also of smaller size for the same electrical
resistance, at the same time that the distance through which the polarised magnets
have to pass to produce a visible or distinguishable signal is very small.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
March 1877.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BBEWER, of Chancery Lane, London. "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED TELEGRAPHIC INSTRUMENT, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE RECEIVING OF
TELEGRAPHIC MESSAGES." A communication from abroad by Severin Lauritzen,
of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark.
This Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings, of which Figure 1 shows at a, b, and c, d, two polarised steel magnets
fixed on the axis 6, 8, which moves in the journal holes at e and s. The axis e, 8, is

page_text: prolonged up through a stand e, g, h, i. A metallic boss ; can by means of a screw
be fixed to e, 8. A silver tube, m, is firmly soldered to the boss. A is an ink
reservoir of glass with a metallic bottom furnished with two tubes B and D; the
stand carries two pivots g, v, and h, a, corresponding with and passing up through
the tubes. The ink reservoir may thus bo taken off and put on again, and the
pivots as well as the tubes are placed in such a way that the small hole at r in the
bottom of the reservoir meets exactly the silver tube which is projected in the
same. When the reservoir is to be filled it is taken off and the screw E
unscrewed.
To effect a sufficiently casy flowing of the ink through the tube an aniline colour
diluted with spirits of wine is omployed, being the only opening on the reservoir;
when in use the colour does not escape at the sides of the tube on account of the
atmospherical pressure. c and are two small hooks joined by a fine spiral
spring of brass; n is placed on a slide moved by the screw F. On turning this
screw F the spring is slackened or stretched, n being approached to or removed
from c. When the screw G is turned the whole movable stand H, I, K, is turned
on a pivot K, and n is thus moved in a horizontal direction.
Clockwork in the box L moves a paper slip M, N, O, P, by means of the rollers
P and q over an accurately centred cylinder Q which may be raised and lowered
by means of a scrow R so as to cause a slight touch of the end m of the tube r, m,
on the paper. The paper moving along the colour is drawn out from the tube and
forms an uninterrupted line on the paper. Tho room in the reservoir formerly
occupied by the ink escaped is now filled with air bubbling in through the small
bottom opening at r.
Other views of the instrument are shown at Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, Figure 1 being
a side view, Figure 2 a plan, Figure 3 a back elevation, and Figure 4 a vertical
section.
On each side of each of the polarised magnets is placed an electro magnet (U, U 1,
X, and X 1,) with end pieces and at the same distances from those. The cores
are about four millimeters and a half thick, and the coils have a resistance of about
200 ohms each. At Figure 1 a, b, and c, d, are represented without these electro
magnets, which are four in number; on the other Figures they are shown with the
electro magnets, which two and two are so placed on two slides C and S that by
means of the screw J and the cog wheels V and Y the pairs U, U1, and X, X 1, may
be removed and approached as well mutually as from and to the permanent steel
magnets. These are so polarised, and the connections between the coils of the
electro magnets so arranged that a current produces such a co-operation of all the
poles as to turn the steel magnets a, b, and c, d, round their axis c, s. The electro
magnets with the slides, the steel magnets, and the stands e, g, h, i, and H, I, K, are
placed on the plate T which is fixed to the back plate of the clockwork by an angle
piece so as to enable the paper to pass beneath all, as shown at Figure 1.
When the line current passes the electro magnets the steel magnets are brought
out of the central position in which they are kept by the spiral spring and occupy
another in which the tension of the spring counterbalances the attraction and
repulsion existing between the electro magnets and the steel magnets, and when
the current has discontinued the steel magnets return in their position. Such a
deflection produces on the paper a wave of the coloured line, a wave the larger the
charge of the cable has been. A collection of such shorter and longer waves
represent the signals as the dots and dashes of the Morse system.
An instrument of the above construction is principally adapted as receiver for
cables. It has been tried on a cable, where it proved itself to work quicker than
the instruments with polarised magnets already in existence. The reasons for this
are as follows-To produce a telegraphic signal through a cable with an arrange-
ment of magnets of ordinary construction it is necessary to bring the charge of the
cable up to a certain value, and then at the discharge down to another certain
value, between which two values the difference in charge always must vary to
produce the signals The more delicate an instrument is the nearer those values

page_text: may be the one to the other, and the quicker the instruments can work. An
instrument of the above description produces a signal for a difference in charge
between whichever two values of chargo this difference is situated, whereby the
instrument requires less regulating during the use and increases the working speed
in comparison with instruments of ordinary construction, and as the writing
arrangement is easier to work for a magnet, its electro magnets may be made more
delicate and also of smaller size for the same electrical resistance at the same time
that the distance through which the polarised magnets have to pass to produce &
visible or distinguishable signal or sign is very small.
.
And having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of this Invention I
declare that I claim,-
Firstly. The construction and arrangement of magnets substantially, as and for
the purpose set forth.
Secondly. The application of such magnets in combination with adjustable electro-
magnets arranged and constructod substantially as set forth.
Thirdly. The adjustable electro-magnets, when operating substantially as set
forth.
Fourthly. The general construction and combination of parts as shown and
described, and specially the application of the printing appliance thereon.
In witness whoroof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brower, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
T 2
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