IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, MALT, ROOTS, SPENT MALT OB HOPS, MEGASS, OR SPENT SUGAR CANE, WOOL, AND SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Jackson, of Park Square, Leeds, in the
County of York, Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, MALT, ROOTS, SPENT
MALT OB HOPS, MEGASS, OR SPENT SUGAR CANE, WOOL, AND
SUBSTANCES."
OTHER
Sealed the 31st May 1870, and dated the 2nd April 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1870.
I, HENRY JACKSON, of Park Square, Leeds, in the County of York,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, MALT, ROOTS, SPENT
MALT OR HOPS, MEGASS, OR SPENT SUGAR CANE, WOOL, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
:-
When drying any of the said substances, as for example, spent malt,
that is to say, brewers' grains in manner according with my said
Invention, I feed the said grains on to one end of a drying floor or bed
formed of metal, earthenware, or other suitable material, the said grains

page_text: being preferably conducted into a hopper from which they are allowed
to flow on to the said bed in such quantities as may be required. The
said bed is heated by means of a furnace or fire places, or of furnaces or
fire places, or by means of spare or waste heat derived from furnaces
employed for other purposes. A revolving stirrer is fitted to travel to
and fro over the surface of the said bed and is composed of rows of
suitably formed teeth, the action of the said teeth being such that as the
said stirrer travels over the drying bed the grains are thoroughly stirred
and at the same time are moved towards the delivery end of the bed,
and on the said stirrer arriving at the said delivery end, a portion of
dried grains is discharged from the bed and the direction of traverse of
the stirrer is reversed, and the said stirrer returns to the feed end. The
grains are thus spread over the drying surface agitated and delivered
from the drying surface by the action of the said stirrer. I sometimes
employ lifters or buckets in lieu of the said rows of teeth or in com-
bination therewith, the said lifters being suitably formed to turn over the
grains and to take up a portion thereof as the stirrer revolves, by which
means the grains are moved towards the delivery end of the bed. If
preferred the said stirrer may travel from side to side of the drying bed,
instead of from end to end, as aforesaid, in which case the said teeth or
lifters, or both are made or arranged in a spiral form in order that the
grains may be fed towards the delivery end of the bed.
When the substances to be dried are such as would be injured by too
long an exposure to the surface heated as aforesaid, I form a portion of
the drying bed of steam pipes laid close together, the substances to be
dried being first fed on to the portion of the drying bed, heated in
manner as first described, and passing from thence on to the surface
formed of steam pipes, on which surface the drying is completed, or the
drying surface may be entirely composed of steam pipes. In some cases
I use a sheet iron covering over the said steam pipes.
When space is limited I use more than one drying bed, formed as
herein-before described, the said beds being arranged one above the
other, a separate revolving and traversing stirrer being employed for
each bed, or one sturer only being employed, in which latter case the
said stirrer after traversing the length of one bed passes up or down to 3
the next bed, and after travelling thereover returns to the first bed, these
motions being repeated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, HENRY
JACKSON, of Park Square, Leeds, in the County of York, Consulting
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Henry Jackson, Her special license that I, the said
Henry Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.
as I, the said Henry Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRain,
MALT, ROOTS, SPENT MALT OR HOPS, MEGASS, OR SPENT SUGAR CANE, WOOL,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Henry Jackson, my executors and administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Jackson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say :-
When drying any of the said substances, as for example, spent malt,
that is to say, brewers' grains, in manner according with my said Inven-
tion I feed the said grains on to one end of a drying floor or bed, formed
of metal, earthenware, or other suitable material, the said grains being
preferably conducted into a hopper from which they are allowed to flow
on to the said bed in such quantities as may be required. The said bed

page_text: is heated by means of a furnace or fire place, or of furnaces or fire places,
or by means of spare or waste heat derived from furnaces employed for
other purposes. A revolving stirrer is fitted to travel to and fro over the
surface of the said bed, and is composed of rows of suitably formed teeth,
the action of the said teeth being such that as the said stirrer travels
over the drying bed the grains are thoroughly stirred, and at the same
time are moved towards the delivery end of the bed, and on the said
stirrer arriving at the said delivery end a portion of dried grains is dis-
charged from the bed and the direction of traverse of the stirrer is
reversed and the said stirrer returns to the feed end. The grains are
thus spread over the drying surface, agitated and delivered from the
drying surface by the action of the said stirreṛ. I sometimes employ
lifters or buckets in lieu of the said rows of teeth or in combination
therewith, the said liſters being suitably formed to turn over the grains
and to take up a portion thereof as the stirrer revolves, by which means
If preferred
the grains are moved towards the delivery end of the bed.
the said stirrer may travel from side to side of the drying bed instead of
from end to end as aforesaid, in which case the said teeth or lifters or
both are made or arranged in a spiral form, in order that the grains may
be fed towards the delivery end of the bed.
When the substances to be dried are such as would be injured by too
long an exposure to the surface heated as aforesaid, I form a portion of
the drying bed of steam pipes laid close together, the substances to be
dried being first fed on to the portion of the drying bed, heated in manner
as first described, and pass from thence on to the surface formed of steam
pipes, on which surface the drying is completed, or the drying surface
may be entirely composed of steam pipes. In some cases I use a sheet
iron covering over the said steam pipes.
When space is limited I uso more than one drying bed formed as
herein before described, the said beds being arranged one above another,
a separate revolving and travelling stirrer being employed for each bed,
or one stirrer only being employed, in which latter case the said stirrer
after traversing the length of one bed passes up or down to the next bed,
and after travelling thereover returns to the first bed, these motions
being repeated.
And that the said Invention may be better understood, I have
attached hereunto a Sheet of Drawings with letters of reference

page_text: Referring to the said Drawings, Fig. 1, is a plan view of a drying bed
composed of cast-iron plates A, in continuation of which is a second
portion B, composed of tiles or earthenware, and a third portion C made
up of steam pipes arranged close together. This third portion may for
some materials be covered with metal plates or with perforated plates or
tiles. The portions A and B, are heated by the furnace Q, the heat
from which is made to pass through suitable flues formed under the
said portions. The stirrer D revolves on its axis and at the same time
traverses to and fro from end to end of the drying bed. The said stirrer
is shewn drawn to an enlarged scale in end elevation at Fig. 3, and a
portion of it in plan at Fig. 4, wherein A, A, are rows of teeth, and B, B,
are lifters or buckets. The said stirrer is mounted on a carriage fitted to
travel to and fro on the raised side plates marked A', in Fig. 2, which is
a side elevation of the drying bed, the said plates also acting to retain
the materials on the bed. The revolving motion is imparted to the
stirrer by means of a flying cord or band F, which passes round the
pullies G, G, G, and receives motion from the driving apparatus E. A
toothed rack extends from end to end and at cach side of the bed, with
which racks gear pinions fixed on the same axes as the wheels H, H,
which wheels gear with the pinions I, I, fixed on the axle of the stirrer D,
so that as the said stirrer rotates it is also traversed over the bed. A
rod L extends along one side of the drying bed, and stops are placed on
the said rod, with one of which stops a projection on the carriage comes
into contact on the said carriage arriving at either end of the bed, and
the said rod being thereby moved acts on the reversing bevils O, Q,
through the lever P and effects the reversal of the direction of motion of
the carriage and stirrer. The grain or other substance to be dried is
placed in the hopper N, and falls through an opening in the bottom of
the said hopper on to the gurved end of the drying bed shewn in dotted
lines under the hopper in Fig. 2. On the stirrer arriving near the
hopper it feeds forward a portion of the grain, depending in amount upon
the nearness of approach of the said stirrer to the said curved surface,
this amount being capable of adjustment. As the stirrer travels away
from the hopper the said stirrer agitates the materials on the bed, and
on arriving at the delivery end of the bed a portion of dried materials
is discharged from the bed and may be made to fall into suitable
receptacles.
Abrous materials such
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page_text: the wool is spread, the said apron delivering the said wool on to the
drying bed. In such a case the stirrer is formed as a smooth roller in
which are inserted smooth round pins the action of which on the wool is
similar to that of an ordinary willow, and facilitates the drying by
opening out the wool.
When drying fibrous materials, I form the drying bed of sheet metal,
which may be perforated, and may have steam pipes underneath. A fan
may also be used when necessary. For some kind of fibrous materials
no heat is employed, the drying bed being formed of perforated tubes
and a fan being placed underneath the machine.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, I wish it to be
understood that I claim the method of and apparatus for drying the
substances or materials herein-before indicated, substantially as herein
described and as illustrated in the attached Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Jackson, have hercunto
1 set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.