IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF CARRIAGE, CART, AND OTHER WHEELS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Butterworth and John Backhouse
Hutchinson, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF CARRIAGE, CART, AND
OTHER WHEELS."
Sealed the 22nd December 1870, and dated the 27th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Butterworth and
John Backhouse Hutchinson at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th June 1870.
We, JOSEPH BUTTERWORTH and JOHN BACKHOUSE HUTCHINSON, of
Leeds, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF CARRIAGE, CART,
AND OTHER WHEELS," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention has for its object improvements in the making of
carriage and other wheels, and relates, firstly, to a new and improved
mode of making the nave or boss of the said wheels by means of a cast-
steel plate having on one side a boss of sufficient length to give duration
and steadiness to the wheel. Round this boss are fitted the spokes or

page_text: arms of the said wheels, the ends of the said spokes are cut to a proper
angle so that they may rest upon the boss of the steel plate described
above, also to fit against each other, so forming a boss of themselves.
On the end of the steel boss above described is fitted another steel plate,
the said plates having a suitable number of bolts passing through them,
and the said spokes by the bolts being screwed up the steel plates are
brought together, thereby nipping the spokes or arms fast. By this
improvement the boss of wheels may be made much lighter and stronger
than heretofore.
The second part of our Invention consists in a new and improved
mode of forming or making the rim of the said wheels. By this
improvement the felloes are made to reach from the centre of one spoke
or arm to the centre of the other spoke, or from the centre of one spoke
to the centre of the third spoke, the above-named arms or spokes having
their outer ends turned or cut smaller than the other part of the said
spokes, thus forming a shoulder upon which the above-named felloes
may rest.
The third part of our Invention consists in a new and improved mode
of hooping the said wheels by means of a cast-steel hoop or a wrought-
iron hoop cast or forged in the form of a right angle, one face of the
said hoop being contracted upon the outer circumference of the said
wheel, and the vertical face of the hoop being rivetted or bolted to the
face of the above-described wheels by means of rivetts or bolts passing
through the said hoop and the felloes or rim of the said wheel.
By these improvements waggon wheels for carrying heavy weights
may be made by substituting triangular pieces of wood for spokes or
arms, thereby forming a plate or solid wheel. By this means the felloes
or outer rim may be dispensed with by fitting the hoop upon the
triangular pieces of wood forming the wheel. These improvements may
be applied to railway carriage and waggon wheels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Butterworth and John Backhouse Hutchin-
son in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th December 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
BUTTERWORTи and JOHN BACKHOUSE HUTCHINSON, of Leeds, in the
County of York, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Joseph Butterworth and John Backhouse
Hutchinson, Her special license that we, the said Joseph Butterworth
and John Backhouse Hutchinson, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph Butterworth and John
Backhouse Hutchinson, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Butter-
worth and John Backhouse Hutchinson, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Butterworth and John
Backhouse Hutchinson, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
Our said Invention relates to an improved construction of wheels
suitable for carts, carriages, and other vehicles to be used on common
roads, and consists in the combination of a metal nave or boss, con-
structed as herein-after described, with shouldered spokes, and with a
peculiar arrangement of the felloes or rim, the whole constituting a
new or improved cart or carriage wheel.
The nave or boss of the improved wheel consists of a cast steel or
iron plate or flange, having on one side a boss of sufficient length to
give durability and steadiness to the wheel.
Round this boss are fitted
the spokes or arms, the inner ends of which are cut to a proper angle,
so that they may rest upon the steel or iron boss described above, and

page_text: also fit against each other so as to form a boss of themselves. On the
end of the steel or iron boss there is fitted a loose steel or iron plate or
flange, the said plates having a suitable number of bolts passing
through them and through the spokes; or, in lieu of having bolts, the
loose plate may be tapped on to the tubular part of the boss. By 1
serewing up the bolts or the loose steel or iron plate the two plates
are brought together, thereby nipping the spokes or arms fast. By this
arrangement the boss of the wheel may be made much lighter and
stronger than heretofore. The felloes are made to reach from the centre
of one spoke or arm to the centre of the other spoke, or from the centre
of one spoke to the centre of the third spoke. The outer ends of the
above-named arms or spokes are turned or cut smaller than the other
part of the said spokes, so as to form a shoulder upon which the ends or
joints of the above-named felloes may rest.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of our Drawings represents a side elevation of our improved
common road cart or carriage wheel complete; Figure 2 is a detached
view of one of the smaller felloes intended to reach from one spoke or
arm to the next; Figure 3 is a similar view of a larger felloe intended
to reach from one spoke to the next but one or third spoke; and
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the wheel taken through the line A, A,
in Figure 1.
a, a, represent the junctions of the different sections or segments of
the rim or felloes c, c; d, d, are the arms or spokes, the junctions of the
inner ends of which in the centre boss or nave ƒ (Figure 4) are shewn
by the dotted lines b, b, in Figure 1. The outer ends of the spokes
have shoulders formed thereon all round, as shewn at e, e, (Figures 1,
and 4,) upon which shoulders the felloes c, c, rest and take their bearing
both at their points of junction and at their intermediate parts, accord-
ing to the length of the felloes. The boss or nave f, of iron or steel,
shewn more clearly in Figure 4, has an outer loose plate or flange g,
also of iron or steel, fitted thereon, which is screwed up tight to the
body of the boss by means of the bolts h, h, so as to clamp or nip firmly
the inner ends of the several spokes d, d, as clearly shown in Figure 4.

page_text: The boss is secured to the axle i by means of a nut k which is made
fast by the pin l. Over this there may be screwed or tapped on to the
end of the boss an outer cap m, also of steel or iron, which will retain
the lubricating material. The ordinary or other tyre is applied to these
wheels.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
combination in a common road cart or carriage wheel of the peculiar
metal boss and arms or spokes having shoulders on their outer ends,
such shoulders serving as direct supports for the junction ends of the
fellocs, as herein-before described and illustrated by our Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Butterworth and John
Backhouse Hutchinson, have to this our Specification set our
hands and seals, the Twenty-fourth day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JOSEPH
BUTTERWORTH.
(L.S.)
JOHN BACKHOUSE HUTCHINSON. (L.S.)