IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING RAILWAY, TRAMWAY AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Leather of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
Merchant for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING RAILWAY,
TRAMWAY AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Leather at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1882.
JOSEPH LEATHER of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Merchant
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING RAILWAY TRAMWAY AND OTHER WHEELED
VEHICLES
"
My present invention has reference to the ventilation of wheeled vehicles,
capable of being propelled on land, under my system of upwards-currents-
ventilation covered to me by provisional protection N° 3486 of the present year,
and consists :-
1. Under the first part of my invention I avail myself of all the present appliances
in railway and other coaches and place near the top of the window in railway
carriage doors and windows a rectangular frame so that any air entering inwards
is directed upwards. A simple modification of this consists in securing to the door
frame near the top of the window therein a double L frame and in leaving the
window sufficiently open to admit the required quantity of air for efficient
ventilation. The like ventilation can be obtained by an opening in the windows
and a baffle directing the air upwards.
2. Under the second part, I make an opening at or near the bottom of the doors
of vehicles for conveying the air inwards and make use of the usual sliding window
to control the entering quantity or I provide a special baffle for directing the air
upwards
3. Under the third part of my invention I make special openings in post office
vans; Tramway Pullman and other cars for admission of air, such openings being
at the front or the sides, and I lead from such openings ways for air so that the air
admitted to the interior of the vans or cars is directed upwards.

page_text: 4. Under the fourth part of my invention I take advantage of the present
ventilating openings over doors windows and other parts and apply a baffle
double or other frame inside the same so that the entering air is directed
upwards.
Controlling valves or the equivalents of valves are applied when desired in all
the foregoing to govern the admission of air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Leather in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th March
1883.
JOSEPH LEATHER of Liverpool in the county of Lancaster, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING RAILWAY TRAMWAY AND OTHER WHEELED
VEHICLES
〃
My present invention has reference to the ventilation of wheeled vehicles
capable of being propelled on land, under my system of upwards-currents-
ventilation covered to me by Letters Patent N° 3486 of the year 1882 and
consists :-
Under the first part of my invention I avail myself of all the present appliances
in railway and other coaches and place near the top of the window in railway
carriage doors and windows a rectangular frame so that any air entering inwards
is directed upwards. A simple modification of this consists in securing to the door
frame near the top of the window therein a double L frame and in leaving the
window sufficiently open to admit the required quantity of air for efficient
ventilation. The like ventilation can be obtained by an opening in the windows
and a baffle directing the air upwards.
Under the second part. I make an opening at or near the bottom of the doors
of vehicles for conveying the air inwards and make use of the usual sliding window
to control the entering quantity or I provide a special baffle for directing the air
upwards.
Under the third part of my invention I make special openings in post office
vans, Tramways, Pullman and other cars for admission of air, such openings being
at the front or the sides, and I lead from such openings ways for air so that the air
admitted to the interior of the vans or cars is directed upwards.
Under the fourth part of my invention take advantage of the present
ventilating openings over doors windows and other parts and apply a baffle
double or other frame inside the same so that the entering air is directed
upwards.
Controlling valves or the equivalents of valves are applied when desired in all
the foregoing to govern the admission of air.

page_text: In all the views the same letters denote like parts. The arrows show the
direction of the air currents.
Fig 1 is a transverse section of so much of a railway coach or vehicle as is
necessary to illustrate the first part of my invention. a body of coach or vehicle.
b sliding window. c frame attached to the door near the top of the window. d valve
or door for regulating the passage of air. e roof. f ordinary ventilator.
Fig 2 shows a modified arrangement for ventilating railway coaches or vehicles
in which the passage of air is regulated by raising and lowering the sliding window b.
As shown by the dotted lines the frame c may be raised when not required and
secured above the window opening by means of the slot and screw g.
Figs 3 and 4 are sectional elevations of appliances suitable for use under the first
part of my invention in ventilating tram cars or like vehicles. The ventilating
frames c are here attached to the windows part of the glass being cut away to
provide air inlets h. d regulating valves. d sliding door.
Fig 5 is a sectional view illustrative of my method of ventilating railway coaches
or vehicles under the second part of my invention. ij internal and external walls
of coach or vehicle door, b sliding window, h air inlet opening in external wall j.
hinged flap or door for opening and closing the passage for air at the top and
capable of being lowered when not in use.
Fig 6 is a modified arrangement of ventilating appliances under the second part,
here the passage of the air is also controlled by the hinged flap or door d² at the
bottom.
Fig 7 illustrates a modification of ventilating appliances under the second part in
which the ventilation takes place through the space beneath the side windows of a
railway coach or other vehicle
Fig 8 is a section illustrative of my system of ventilating under the third part
and fixed at the end of a saloon carriage and Post Office van. c frame. d regulator
hair entrance.
Fig 9 is a further modification of ventilating appliances under the third part of
my invention, here the upper part of the front of the frame is hinged at , so that
it may be closed into the space between the internal and external walls i. j of the
coach or vehicle. Z bonnet or hood to prevent rain or water entering the coach or
vehicle by the ventilating passage. m stops to direct the air through the walls.
d valve for regulating volume of air when in use.
Fig 10 is a transverse section and fig 11 is a perspective view illustrative of the
fourth part of my invention applicable to railway coaches or vehicles here the
frame c is fitted into the ventilating apertures in the door n. o transverse partition
dividing the ventilating frame c into two compartments, more than one partition
may be used or the ventilating frame may be made without a partition.
Fig 12 is a transverse view of a modification of ventilating appliances under the
fourth part of my invention applicable to railway coaches or vehicles-Here the
ventilator is fitted in the thickness of the door, and a passage p is cut through
the top of the door and frame to allow of free entrance of the air to the carriage.
Under this modification the existing ventilating openings can be utilized.
Fig 13 shows my improved system of ventilating under the fourth part as applied
to a tram car or other similar vehicle.
It will be obvious that vehicles may be ventilated under the four parts of my
invention by many arrangements of appliances besides those shown in the accom-
panying sheet of drawings. I therefore do not confine myself to the details of
construction shown and it will be evident that levers knobs catches or other suitable
appliances may be used for opening closing and retaining the flaps or regulators d
in position.
Having now described my said invention and particularized the same in such

page_text: manner that others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect I
claim-
Under the first part. Ventilating railway and other coaches and vehicles by
inwards and upwards currents substantially in the manner set forth.
Under the second part. Ventilating railway and other coaches or vehicles by
admitting air at or near the bottom of the door and controlling the current
substantially by the means and in the manner set forth.
Under the third part. Ventilating railway and other coaches or vehicles by the
special openings and means substantially as set forth.
Under the fourth part. Ventilating railway coaches or vehicles by utilizing the
present air entrance and exit appliances with the addition of the baffle or other
frame substantially as set forth.
In Witness Whereof I the said Joseph Leather have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fifth day of March in the year of Our Lord one thousand,
eight hundred and eighty three.
JAMES JOHNSON
Patent Office
Witness
4 Clayton Square
Lpool
JOSEPH LEATHER (L.S.)