Improvements relating to Rubber Tyres for Wheels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 27th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 18th Mar., 1893-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Rubber Tyres for Wheels.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, 15 Cross Street, Manchester, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
My invention consists in the application to or combination with the rubber with
which it is intended to tyre wheels, of a flexible metal coil or coils. The coil is
applied to that side of the rubber which will, when it is laid round the wheel be
the inner periphery of the rubber, most wheels to which it is intended that rubber
tyres shall be applied have at present some kind of gutter or channel rim into
which the rubber is laid. In others however, for instance in the case of railway
platform truck wheels the rubber tyre is simply vulcanised or cemented on the flat
face of the wheels rim. When a gutter or channel already exists it may as it
stands be sufficient to enable my improvement to be applied. When however the
face of the wheel is flat and so the rubber tyre depends entirely upon some vul-
canising or cementing process to secure it I form one or more V shaped or U shaped
channels in the face of the wheel. And it is better to use in every case a Vor
U shaped channel or channels in addition to already existing gutters round wheels.
In the cases when I form one or more special or extra V or U shaped channels I so
attach or combine my flexible metal coil or coils to the inner periphery of the gutter
tyre, that a portion preferably a full half or more of its diameter is left protruding
beyond the rubber. In the cases however where only existing channels or gutters.
are used it is better to have the coil or coils quite imbedded in the rubber but just
visible at the inner periphery. In either application these coils may be best
attached to, or imbedded in the rubber by laying the coil in the mould in which
the rubber is formed, in the precise position it is intended it should occupy and the
rubber in a plastic state is then pressed round it, and it is better to form the coil
somewhat open between its rings and then the rubber besides pressing round it
goes through and into it, filling up the gaps between the rings of the coil and also
the hole through the coil left by the withdrawal of the mandrel on which it was
formed. In this way rubber and metal are formed together into an inseparable
mass. Having thus got a rubber and metal coil combination in a length sufficient
to cover the circumference of the wheel. (If not moulded in a circle with the ends
of the coil already united.) I firmly unite the two ends of the coil or coils which
will also unite the two ends of the attached rubber and so form a hoop. I make
this hoop somewhat smaller in circumference than the channeled rim it is to occupy
and by some simple tools I stretch the rubber and coil combination over the sides
of the channel and in the cases where U or V shaped grooves are used, the coil or
coils settle down into their places in a state of tension. And so the rubber tyre
owing to the great inelasticity of the coil or coils is kept securely in its place on
the rim of the wheel. These metal coils and also methods of uniting their ends to
form same into hoops, are fully described in my (and anothers; Patent No. 4064
1890. As however in this present application of the coil to india rubber tyres the
object is entirely different from that in Patent No. 4064. I, while still leaving
myself open to make the coils from any suitable section of metal which will form
incompressible coils prefer to make thein from metal of somewhat flat section coiled
on its side as in this way I am able to form coils which will not flatten, which will be
flexible enough to bend round any wheel, and which will not easily elongate so
that after being got into their places by means of the simple tools before nained;
will not spring out again with reasonable treatment.
This invention is applicable to rubber tyres such as pneumatic, cushion, Carmont,
vehicle wheel tyres, railway platform truck tyres in short to wheel tyres of every

page_text: description in the formation of which rubber or similar vibration destroying
material or composition is used. With the object of securing or assisting to secure
the same in place. It is of course "obvious that. any existing methods, such as
cementing or vulcanising, for securing the rubber may be used in combination with
my coil method of securing.
Dated this 25th day of Mauch 1000
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Rubber Tyres for Wheels.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, Merchant, 15 Cross Street Manchester do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings:
=
My invention is an improved method of securing rubber tyres to their rims, or
in the case of a built up air inflated tyre, of securing the outer casing of the tyre
to the rim. It consists in the application to or combination with the rubber, or
canvas and rubber combination, of one or more flexible metal coils towards that
portion of the rubber, which when it is on the wheel, is the inner periphery of the
rubber. These flexible metal coils may be either continuous circles of coil, as in
Fig. or they may be lengths of coil interpieced with one or more lengths of
additional metal rod or wire uncoiled as in Fig. 2. or they may be formed of lengths
of coil alternating with straight or uncoiled lengths of their own metal rod in its
uncoiled condition, as in Fig. 3 and I have found that this interpiecing of the coil
may for some applications be with advantage carried to such an extent that greater
part of the "coil" is uncoiled rod or wire, the coiled portion being only one or
more comparatively short lengths, sufficiently long however to enable me to obtain
that little elongating elasticity whereby I am able to spring the rubber and "coil"
tightly into the channel rim it is intended to fill.
These flexible metal coils and also methods of uniting their ends to form same
into hoops are fully described in iny (and anothers) Patent No. 4064/1890, the coil
in that invention however was applied to the outer periphery of the india rubber as
an elastic metal armour, while in my present invention it is applied towards the
inner periphery of the rubber solely for the purpose of securing the rubber to its
rim. I therefore, though still leaving myself at liberty to make the coils from any
suitable section of metal rod or wire which will form incompressible coils much
prefer to make them from metal of somewhat flat or oblong section as in Fig. 4
coiled on its side as in this way I am able to form coils which will not flatten,
which will be flexible enough to bend round a wheel's rim but, most important of
áll, which will not easily elongate or stretch so that once in their places on the rim
of the wheel a deliberate effort will have to be made, in some cases with special
levering tools, to enable them to be sprung off again. Whatever section of metal
they are made from they may be coiled either quite close or with gaps between
their numerous rings.
These coils may be secured, attached to, or combined with the rubber in a variety
of ways.
1. They may be passed through a hole formed lengthways in the rubber as in
Figs: 5 5 5 & 5° and on their two ends being united the rubber and coil form à
circle or tyre capable of slight elongation.
2. They may in the case of a built up air inflated tyre, be formed into circles
and enfolded in a strip of canvas which lines the outer casing, as in Fig. 6 the
canvas and casing being permanently solutioned together and enveloping the coil
so that no part of it is exposed, and my coil in this application occupies a similar
position to that occupied by the wire in the "Seddon" and new "Dunlop tyres.

page_text: They may be moulded with the rubber by laying them in the mould in which
the rubber is shaped, or by passing them along with the rubber through the die
which shapes the rubber, in the precise position it is intended they should occupy,
and in this case it is better to use coils formed somewhat open between their
numerous rings because when the rubber in a plastic state is pressed into the mould
or through the die it penetrates between the rings of the coils and fills up the gaps
between them, and also the holes or hores in the coils left by the withdrawal of the
mandrel on which they were formed. In this way rubber and metal are blended or
interlaced together in an inseparable mass and when the whole is formed into a
tyre the rubber cannot creep along the coil, nor the coil creep through the
rubber.
Whether rubber and coil are unseparably connected or loosely attached as
described, the coil; and rubber together are cut into a length sufficient to barely
go round the circumference of the wheel at that part where the coil is to finally
settle and if not moulded in a circle with the ends of the coil already united, I
unite the ends of the coil or coils which will also bring together the two ends of
the attached rubber so I form the combination into a hoop, or I may leave the ends
disconnected until the combination is laid round the periphery of the wheel it is to
occupy and forcibly drawing the ends together I unite them in place in a manner
described in Patent No. 4064/90, or in any other convenient way so I avoid the
stretching over the sides of the wheels rim, this in some of the applications of my
invention is an advantage. Turning to the forms of wheel rim in combination with
which my invention can be best used. It is necessary when the face of the rim of
the wheel is not of a gutter or channel shape for one or more gutters or channels
to be formed upon it as in Figs. 7 & 74 in which the dotted line indicates the
original rim. Taking the case of an ordinary rubber tyred truck wheel used on
railway station platforms the face of the rim at present is flat and the rubber is
simply cemented or vulcanised to it. To enable my invention to be applied it is
necessary to form one or more channels or grooves round the periphery of the
wheel and into this channel my rubber and coil combination is sprung and once in
lateral displacement is prevented by the sides or flanges of the channel and the
tension of the coil keeps the tyre tightly in place. To apply my invention to
ordinary vehicle wheels I select those already tyred with a "Carmont"
somewhat similar shaped channel rim as in Figs. 5, 8 & 8 or in the case of new
wheels I provide them with a channel tyre and into this channel I spring my
hooped rubber and coil combination or lay the rubber and coil combination round
the wheel in the channel before the ends are united and by forcibly drawing the
ends of the coil or coils together and uniting them I form the tyre upon the wheel
without having to stretch it over the flanges of the channel rim. Once on and the
circle complete lateral displacement is prevented by the sides or flanges of the
channel, and the tension of the coil keeps the tyre tightly in place. Ordinary
solid, or cushion tyres to velocipedes, bath chairs, perambulators, ambulances, &c.,
are secured in a similar way the ordinary U or V shaped rim of such vehicles
forming the channel the sides of which prevent lateral displacement of my coil
and rubber combination, as in Figs. 5 5 & 5 though one or more extra Ụ shape
depressions as in Fig. 5³ may be made in these rims with advantage towards their
inner periphery, forming one or more deeper recesses for the coil to bed into and so
to further remove the chances of lateral displacement.
ΟΥ
In the case of the application of my invention to pneumatic tyres, the variety
of these tyres is so great that it is almost impossible to describe in exact detail the
various ways in which my invention could be applied to them, speaking generally I
apply my coil to those parts of the pneumatic tyre (or casing to tyre) at present
occupied by the wires in wired on tyres, and in the case of pneumatic tyres
secured in ways other than by wire such as Bartlett's "Clincher" tyre I run my
coils through, or mould them in the tyre or casing towards the extremities of the
casing, or towards its inner periphery, by preference forming one or more extra
U shaped depressions in the rim for the better imbedment of the coil. It is of

page_text: course obvious that my invention may be used in conjunction or in combination
with any existing methods of securing tyres to rims such as cementing vulcanising
or gripping.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre, or casing to a rubber tyre to its
rim by the application to or combination with the rubber, of one or more close
flexible metal coils formed by coiling on a mandrel metal rod or wire of flat or
oblong section, and coiling it on its side, such coil when made being either threaded
through or moulded in with the rubber, such coil being either in one continuous
length or in one or more lengths interpieced with one or more lengths of its own
uncoiled metal wire or rod, or with other metal wire or rod..
2. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre or casing to a rubber tyre, to its rim
similar to that described in Claim I. but in lieu of one or more close flexible metal
coils, use coils formed somewhat open between their rings and inseparably
connected with the rubber by the same being pressed therein in a plastic state.
3. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre or casing to a rubber tyre to its
rim similar to that described in Claim 1. but the coils made from metal rod of flat
or oblong section coiled on edge.
4. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre or casing to a rubber tyre to its
rim similar to that described in Claim 3 but the coils form somewhat open between
their rings and inseparably connected with the rubber by the same being pressed
therein in a plastic state.
5. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre &c., to its rim similar to that
described in Claim 1 but the coils made from metal rod of square section.
6. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre &c., to its rim similar to that
described in Claim 5 but the coils formed somewhat open between their numerous
rings and inseparably connected with the rubber by the same being pressed therein
in a plastic state.
7. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre &c., to its rim similar to that
described in Claim 1, but the coils made from metal rod or wire of round section.
8. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre &c. to its rim similar to that
described in Claim 7 but the coils formed somewhat open between their numerous
rings and inseparably connected with the rubber by the same being pressed therein
in a plastic state.
9. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre &c., to its rim by the application
to or combination with the rubber of one or more close flexible metal coils formed
by coiling on a mandrel metal rod or wire of any other section than those named in
my previous claims such coil when made being either threaded through or moulded
in with the rubber, such coil being either in one continuous length or in one or
more lengths interpieced with one or more lengths of its own uncoiled metal wire
or rod or with other metal wire or rod.
10. A novel method of securing a rubber tyre &c. to its rim similar to that
described in Claim 9 but the coils formed somewhat open between their numerous
rings and inseparably connected with the rubber by the same being pressed therein
in a plastic state.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1892.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY.