Improvements in Cultivators.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 20th July, 1894-Accepted, 25th Aug., 1894
TRUY DIUNAL DE CULTIVATION
Improvements in Cultivators.
I EDMUND GASCOINE Junior of 13 Middle Row Maidstone in the County of
Kent Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to cultivators and particularly to cultivators which operate
in places where, frequent turnings in a confined area are requisite for instance in
hop cultivation.
According to my invention the frame which carries the tines is connected to
levers or bell-cranks secured to the said frame both at, or towards, its front, and its
rear ends. The said levers or bell-cranks are capable of being operated by the
ordinary draught chain, or device, which by means of a locking device effects the
traversing of the machine without raising the tines out of the ground but when
the said locking device is released the draught chain or the like operates the levers
or bell-cranks so as to withdraw the tines from the ground and elevate the
frame and tines to the necessary position to enable the machine to be turned.
The same locking device may be utilized to retain the parts in the elevated position.
The following is a more detailed description of the preferred arrangement according
to my invention. Towards the front of the machine is a shaft to which is affixed a
quadrant over which the draught chain is passed and to which it is attached. At
each end of this shaft is secured a lever connected to the forward end of the framé
carrying the tines. Other levers are secured to the said shaft forming virtually
with those first named bell-crank levers. These last named levers are connected
by chains or the like to one of the arms of other levers constituting bell-crank levers
centered to the main frame of the machine the other arms of these levers. being
connected towards the rearward end of the frame carrying the tines. The aforesaid
shaft which carries the quadrant is also provided with a quadrant (which may be in
one with the first named quadrant) and in this are notches with which engages a
spring catch capable of being withdrawn by means of a lever preferably in a position
to be capable of being readily operated by the foot of the man in charge. When
he releases the said catch the force of the draught pulls over the first named
quadrant and operates the levers or bell cranks so that the frame and tines are
elevated and by releasing the catch it will again engage to support the parts in
their raised position and by again releasing the catch the tines and their framę
will descend and the draught will cause them to enter the ground and the catch
will again engage with the notch with which it was originally engaged.
Dated this 20th day of September 1893.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cultivators.
I, EDMUND GASCOINE Junior of 13 Middle Row Maidstone in the County of
40 Kent, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to cultivators and particularly to cultivators which operate

page_text: in places where frequent turnings in a confined area are requisite for instance in
hop cultivation.
According to my invention the frame which carries the tines is connected to
levers or bell-cranks secured to the said frame both at, or towards its frout and its
rear ends. The said levers or bell cranks are capable of being operated by the
ordinary draught chain or device which by means of a locking device effects the
traversing of the machine without raising the tines out of the ground but when
the said locking device is released the draught chain or the like operates the levers
or bell-cranks so as to withdraw the tines from the ground and elevate the frame
and tines to the necessary position to enable the machine to be turned. The same
locking device may be utilized to retain the parts in the elevated position. Towards
the front of the machine is a shaft to which is affixed a quadrant over which the
draught chain is passed and to which it is attached At each end of this shaft is
secured a lever connected to the forward end of the frame carrying the tines.
Other levers are secured to the said shaft forming virtually with those first named
bell-crank levers. These last named levers are connected by chains or the like to
one of the arms of other levers constituting bell-crank levers centered to the main
frame of the machine the other arms of these levers being connected towards the
rearward end of the frame carrying the tines. The aforesaid shaft which carries
the quadrant is also provided with a quadrant (which may be in one with the first
named quadrant) and in this are notches with which engages a spring catch capable
of being withdrawn by means of a lever preferably in a position to be capable of
being readily operated by the foot of the man in charge. When he releases the
said catch the force of the draught pulls over the first named quadrant and operates
the levers or bell cranks so that the frame and tines are elevated and by releasing
the catch it will again engage to support the parts in their raised position and by
again releasing the catch the tines and their frame will descend and the draught
will cause them to enter the ground and the catch will again engage with the notch
with which it was originally engaged.
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 a plan of a cultivator constructed
according to my invention the tines being shewn in their operating position. The
main frame A which is mounted on wheels B. B' carries at its forward end a rock
shaft C on which is fixed a segment D to which is attached the draught chain E.
This shaft also carries arms or levers F F2 the levers F being each connected by
chains G to one arm H of bell cranks carried at the rear end of the frame A.
The other arms H' of the bell cranks are connected by links I to the rear end of
a frame K which carry the tines L the front end of the said frame being con-
nected to the arms or levers F2 on the rock shaft C. The boss of the segment D
is provided with notches or projections d d with which detents a a³ are caused to
engage the tails of these detents being connected together by a rod b so that when
one detent is caused to engage with one of the notches or projections the other
detent will be disengaged from its notch or projection. On the fulcrum pin or
bolt c which carries one of these detents is an arm or lever e connected by a rod f
to an arm g fast on a short vertical rod or spindle h provided with an operating
handle convenient for the attendant seated on a seat k carried by the frame K.
The front wheel B2 of the cultivator is a stearing wheel the frame M in which it
is mounted turning in a bearing in the frame A and carrying at its upper end a
cross bar m to the outer ends of which a chain n is connected which chain passes
round a pulley or sheave O on a vertical spindle mounted in bearings at the
rear end of the frame A the said spindle being provided with a hand wheel g
convenient for the attendant to operate for the purpose of steering the machine in
the required direction.
The wheels B of the cultivator are provided with brakes carried on a

page_text: transverse shaft S the said brakes being maintained out of action by springs or
weights (not shewn) and brought into action by the attendant depressing by
means of his foot a treddle in connection with the shaft S carrying the brakes.
The cultivator is operated as follows. The tines being held out of operating
position by the detent a engaging the notch or projection d2 in the boss of the
segment D the motive power for drawing the cultivator over the field is attached
to the draught chain E and the attendant being seated on the seat k turns the
handle i into the position shewn in the drawing thereby through the rod and arm
or lever e turning the fulcrum pin or bolt c so as to release the detent a² from its
notch d in the boss of the segment D and admit of the tines L engaging in the
ground. At the same time the detent a is brought into position to engage with
the notch d so that when the power is exerted on the chain E the segment D will
be prevented by the detent a from turning and consequently the tines will remain
engaged in the ground until the detent a is disengaged from its notch.
When the end of the field is reached or when it is desired to turn the apparatus
the attendant pulls the lever i backwards thereby through the rod and arm or
lever e removing the detent a from its notch and bringing the detent a into
position to engage with the notch d² in the boss of the segment D so that by the
power acting on the chain E the segment D will be partially rotated and through
the arms or levers F F and bell cranks H H and connecting chains G the
frame K will be raised and so raise the tines L above the surface of the ground
the detent a retaining them in this position by engaging with the notch or
projection in the boss of the segment D. While the lifting of the frame K
and tines L is taking place the brakes are applied to the wheels B by the
attendant depressing the treddle so as to hold the machine in check. Attachable
pieces may be provided to extend the width of the machine to carry additional
tines as shewn by dotted lines in Figure 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.-
1st. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting a cultivator
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2nd. In a cultivator the combination of a frame carrying the tines and levers
connecting it with the draught chain or the like and a locking device which
normally holds the parts in operative position but which when released enables
the pull on the draught chain or the like to elevate the tines substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Dated this 20th dow of July 1894
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.