Improvements in or relating to Kneading or Mixing Machines,
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Kneading or Mixing Machines,
I, REINHOLD TRENCK, of Koonstrasse 14, Erfurt, in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
The work of kneading or mixing dough or the like by hand for the purpose
of obtaining a uniform mixture of the various substances, can only be carried
out satisfactorily after considerable practice and with a considerable expenditure
of force, owing to which the hands on the kneader are caused to perspire thereby
contaminating the dough. Moreover, there is always a chance of infectious
germs from the workmen being transferred to the dough, hence the work of
Kneading by means of kneading machines is both easier and more economical,
and more cleanly and conducive to health. The kneading machines invented
up to the present time all suffer from the drawback that they require a special
kneading trough, on account of which they are unsuitable for many bakeries
on account of the small space available. They are also too complicated and
hence, too expensive to be within the reach of the bakers of small means.
The present invention is intended to meet these drawbacks. The apparatus
is so arranged and constructed that it can be adjusted to any ordinary kneading
trough, and so worked that it will effectually knead the whole quantity of
dough; hence a special kneading trough is not required in the case of these
machines and they can be used even in bakeries of the smallest dimensions.
A special advantage of these machines is that one of them can be made to serve
several kneading troughs. The machine is so arranged that it can easily be
taken off the kneading trough whenever required, in order to facilitate the
mixing of the flour and the various ingredients, or for any other reason.
Further the machine can be adjusted to work through the whole breadth and
depth of the trough, a feature that renders the machine suitable for any kind
of trough irrespective as to the breadth and the depth of the same, and, being
constructed so as to be longitudinally movable, it is very effective in thoroughly
working through the whole mass of dough and, thereby, avoiding work by
hand and all the evils and drawbacks resulting therefrom. It is therefore
within the reach of every baker to acquire such a machine and to lighten his
own work as well as to secure greater cleanliness and purity in the articles
he produces.
A machine according to this invention is represented by way of example in
the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 representing a longitudinal section of a trough together with a
front view of the kneading machine.
Figure 2 is a cross-section of the trough and a part sectional view of the
kneading machine.
Figure 3 represents a plan view of the trough and kneading machine
according to Figure 1.

page_text: Figure 4 is a horizontal section of the kneading machine on the line A-A
of Figure 2 showing the kneading arms in their half raised position.
Figure 5 is an elevation of part of the trough and machine showing the
arrangement for the longitudinal movement of the apparatus.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 represent in elevation, side view and plan view, respec-
lively, the arrangement for the adjustment of the rods of the kneading devices
for the purpose of regulating the lateral extent of their movement.
The kueading machine is supported on a plate or frame A adjusted on the
trough B and adapted to move easily on the longitudinal edges B B of the
latter. For this purpose the plate A is provided on the side on which the gear
is arranged, with a broad plate provided with rollers a' a' by means of which
the part a of the plate can be moved on a rod or rail provided for that
purpose on the upper longitudinal edge B' of the trough B.
(L
The back longitudinal edge B2 of the trough is provided on its inner side with
a U-shaped rail 6 which receives a projecting part a², which can be adjusted
to the breadth of the trough by means of a clamp screw or screws a' in slotted
parts of the plate A and part a³.
By this means it is possible to adjust the supporting plate or base on troughs
of different breadths. To prevent the escape of the part a from the U-shaped
rail, a depending flange a³ is provided on the underside of the plate A,
being bounded on the one side by the rail plate 6 and on the other by a toothed
rack z.
This manner of guiding the plate A by means of the guide flange a
between the parts 61 and z prevents the plate A from becoming jambed by not
moving in a straight line when moving along the trough. The said plate A
serves as a support and a guide for all the parts composing the kneading
machine proper.
a
A crank shaft d, serving for the actuation of the kneading sockets ii is
revolvably arranged in bearings ce on the plate A. The crank shaft d is actuated
by means of bevel wheels ff from a shaft g which rolates in bearings hh',
boing itself actuated by toothed gearing, and a fly wheel D keyed on
shaft (Fig. 2). The shaft & of the fly-wheel rotates in a bearing block A
attached to or forming part of the plate A and is so arranged that it can be
easily removed so as to reduce the weight of the machine when lifting it off
the trough, the shaft being provided with an annular groove into which
enters a spring-clip or like device, adapted to bear against the end of the
bearing block A¹.
The crank shaft d is provided with cranks d'd connected with sockets i in
which the kneading levers or rods are secured. The upper ends of the sockets i i
pass through collars mm, the rods m¹m of which are rotatably mounted in
sleeves nn the latter being connected by a connecting arm ¹, the two
collars n n of this arm being adjustably arranged so as to slide on the
standards C and be fixed in adjusted position by set screws C. The rods o of
the kneading levers are somewhat U or anchor shaped, in the example illustrated,
but they can be of any other shape or form provided they are so arranged as
to be well able to thoroughly work the dough or material in the trough. The 4
rods oo are adjustable in the split ends ee of the sockets ii so as to be set
more or less out of this portion of the sockets and can be fixed in the desired
position, by set screws, passing through lugs, thereby regulating the depth
to which the rods oo are to work in the trough. The sockets ii being arranged
to move at their upper ends in the collars mm and being actuated by the 5
cranks dd which are connected with the sockets, the kneading rods or arms oo
describe a peculiar movement representing an elliptical curve with the upper
part flattened, which movement is calculated to work the kneading rods in such
a manner as to produce an even mixing and kneading. By adjusting the
upper collars m of the levers it is possible to modify the width of oscillation of 5
the rods oo in the trough in such a manner as to render the machine applicable
for any kneading trough irrespective of the breadth of the latter.

page_text: Couverty ty or wing rucni ALGS.
In order to obtain a longitudinal movement of the device along the trough,
the latter is provided along its front edge with a toothed rack with which
co-operates a pawl with a double tooth pp. The said pawl is connected with
an eccentric y arranged on the shaft y. As the shaft is turned by means of
the fly-wheel D, the eccentric q is actuated at every rotation of the shaft in
such a manner that the pawl is drawn back to the extent of a tooth and
engages in the next tooth of the toothed rack z. This movement of the pawl
being repeated at every rotation of the shaft the kneading device is thereby
gradually moved along the kneading trough.
In order to prevent the front part of the machine frame A from becoming
disconnected with the trough during kneading, two brackets are provided on
the plate A, which brackets engago under the toothed rack z and thereby
prevent any rising of the machine on the side of the trough next to the toothed
ruck. The other side of the plate A is prevented from becoming displaced
by the arrangement of the part engaging in the rail, hence the plate
is well secured against any tendency to become separated from the frough.
Each bracket is provided with a projection r', and if the bracket is so turned
round that the projection r', presses against the plate A, the machine can
be easily taken off the trough by holding it by the handle formed by the
connecting rods between the brackets r and by the arm a¹.
In order to guard against the machine moving beyond a certain distance
when this distance had been reached, an uncoupling or stop device is provided
consisting principally of angle plates or stops is secured in suitable places on
the longitudinal edge of the trough B and a slide or rod which is displaceably
arranged in bearings of the plate A and connected with a plate . This
plate is situated above the toothed rack and whenever the fod strikes,
during the longitudinal movement of the kneading machine, against the stop s,
the rod and the plate u, connected with the latter, are so displaced--during
the forward movement of the kneading machine produced by the operation of
the pawl that the plate o covers the teeth and prevents the pawl
engaging them, whereby the further displacement of the kneading machine is
stopped.
from
The working of the machine is as follows: The kneading machine is mounted
at one end of the kneading trough and the pawl is placed, directed back-
wardly, on the toothed rack and the fly-wheel D) is tuned. The kneading
arms will now work up the dough in the manner described. At every turn of
the shaft the pawl is first withdrawn from a tooth of the toothed rack z and
then interlocks with the next tooth moving during the continuation of the
movement of the eccentric, the kneading machine to the extent of one tooth.
When the kneading machine arrives at the other end of the trough the slide t
strikes against the stops on the trough, becomes moved berkwards, and thereby
places the plate under the pawl the latter becoming thereby inoperative
and incapable of moving the kneading machine any further. If the pawl P
is now reversed the kneading machine will begin to travel again but in the
opposite direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Kneading or mixing apparatus comprising a trough and mechanical mixing
arms, characterised by a kneading or mixing apparatus, separable from the
trough, the mixing arms of the apparatus being transversely moved in the
trough by a crank device, the supporting plate of the apparatus being guided
on the two longitudinal edges of the trough and moved gradually along it by
the action of the driving crank, substantially as described.
2. In apparatus of the kind described, kneading or mixing arms transversely
moved in the trough by the cranks of a crank shaft, the extensions of the

page_text: arms being rotatably mounted in rotatable and ceutrally arranged collars, the
lateral extent of movement of the arms being regulated by the adjustment of
the collars as regards their position from the crank shaft and the arms them-
Belves being adjustable in sockets so as to correspond to the shape of the trough,
substantially as described.
3. Apparatus of the kind described in which the supporting plate can be
adjusted to troughs of various widths, the plate being provided with an adjust-
able extension engaging in a rail or recess on the longitudinal side edge of
the trough, and running on rollers on a plate on the other side and a flange,
as a substantially as described.
4. In apparatus of the kind described, means for effecting the longitudinal
displacement of the mixing apparatus, along the trough comprising a pawl, as p,
engaging a toothed inck on the trough and actuated by an eccentric on a
rotatory shaft in such manner that the said pawl in its reciprocating move-
ments interlocks with the toothed rack thereby displacing the movable apparatus,
substantially as described.
5. In apparatus of the kind described, means for arresting the longitudinal
movement of the apparatus at or towards the ends of the trough, comprising
stops fixed on the trough against which a rod on the movable apparatus is
adapted to strike said rod being provided with a plate which covers the teeth
of the toothed rack thereby preventing an engagement of the pawl with the
said rack, substantially as described.
6. The complete kneading and mixing apparatus substantially as described
or illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 8th day of November 1899.
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.