Improvements in Compressing rumps for helligeraving and in Appliances for Lubricating the same.
Year: 1886

page_text: Improvements in Compressing rumps for helligeraving
and in Appliances for Lubricating the same.
I, EDOUARD FIXARY, of 33 Rue Monge, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to single acting compressing pumps for refrigerating
machines operating with volatile liquid, the cylinders of which are arranged
vertically and inverted, and it consists firstly in a construction of twin cylinders
with a communication between them at or near their lower ends, which contain a
charge of liquid lubricant, so that as the pistons descend alternately and dip into
the lubricant, a portion of this is made to pass from the one cylinder into the other,
and thus to prevent the shock or concussion that would otherwise occur if the
lubricant were confined in each cylinder. The said communication may be made
in the form of a bottom chamber common to both cylinders.
Any vapor of the volatile liquid that may escape downwards past the pistons
collects below in the space above the surface of the lubricant, and this space com-
municates with the suction pipe for the vapor at the upper end of the pumps by
means of a pipe with a valve loaded with an adjustable spring, so that when the
vapors have accumulated in the said space until they exceed the pressure of the
spring they will escape past the valve into the suction pipe. As, owing to their
contact with the lubricant, the vapours will always take up some of this, they will,
in mixing with the other vapors and passing with the same through the refrige-
rating machine, serve to convey lubricating material to the various moving parts
thereof.
The lower end surface of the cylinders or of the chamber common to both
cylinders, through which the piston rods pass his cup-shaped upward projections
surrounding the piston rods, which are consequently always charged with the
lubricant, and thus any downward escape of the vapors past the piston rods is
prevented.
My invention consists secondly in the application to the above described
construction of compressing pumps with lubricant chamber of the method of
refrigerating the lubricant until it becomes congealed described in the specification
to my patent No. 2387 of 21st Feb. 1885, (being a communication to John Imray).
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, I construct the stufting boxes
through which the piston rods pass with an inner cylindrical space, surrounding

page_text: the piston rod, and separated by a thin cylindrical partition from an outer annular
space, communicating by passages and pipes with the expanding volatile liquid of
the machine, so that sufficient cold is produced to congeal the liquid lubricant
introduced under pressure through pipes into the inner chamber of the stuffing box.
According to another arrangement channels are formed in the above described cup-
shaped projection and in the lower end of the cylinders, which channels are made
to communicate with the expanding volatile vapor, so that in thus refrigerating the
cup and the cylinder bottom, the liquid lubricant therein will be more or less
congealed. The lubricant contained in the stuffing boxes below may if necessary
also be congealed by extending the refrigerating passages down into the walls
thereof.
As the vapors of the volatile liquid become mixed with the lubricant as above
described, and as vegetable oils become saponified when brought in contact with
ammonia, which is generally the volatile liquid employed, I employ mineral oils as
lubricant for the above described purpose.

page_text: and in Appliances for Lubricating the same.
I, EDOUARD FIXARY, of 33 Rue Monge, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to single acting compressing pumps for refrigerating
machines operating with volatile liquids, the cylinders of which are arranged
vertically and inverted. Two such pumps are according to my invention con-
structed as I will describe referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 being a vertical section partly in elevation and Fig. 2 a transverse section
between the two pumps. There are two pumps QQ each having at its upper end
suction and discharge valves the pump barrels being arranged side by side with a com-
munication C near their bottoms. The stuffing boxes for the piston rods are formed
in bosses D which project some distance above the cylinder bottoms. The oil for
lubricating is supplied under pressure by the passage v in quantity sufficient to
keep the level in the spaces C" above the lips f of the cupped busses, so that there
is always a liquid seal around the piston rods. At the downstroke, cach piston
dips into the oil in C, and takes with it lubricant, and in order to avoid shock, the
pistons are hollowed underneath. By the passage C surplus oil, and the oil
displaced by the immersion of one piston can flow from the one pump to the other.
The vapour of the volatile substances employed, which may leak past the pistons,
collects and becomes compressed below them and takes up some of the lubricant,
and when it attains a certain pressure it is discharged by the pipe G past the regu-
lating valve F to the suction valve H. The oil carried with it serves to lubricate
the rest of the machine. The valve F being loaded by a spring to a pressure of 1
to 2 atmospheres, the vapour at this pressure under the pistons serves to equilibrate
to a certain extent their action, producing a smooth and regular action. The
packing of each piston rod is arranged in two annular chambers B and z separated
by a very thin partition. Oil under pressure is supplied by the pipe y' to the
inner chamber B, while by the passages x¹ and a' a portion of the refrigerating
vapour circulates through the outer chamber z causing congelation of the oil in ẞ,
which in a pasty state lubricates the piston rod and constitutes a tight packing for
it without requiring compression as in an ordinary stuffing box. At each end of
the stuffing box cavity there is a leather collar which prevents escape of the
lubricant. Fig. 3 is a vertical section partly in elevation and Fig. 4 is a side view
shewing a modified arrangement in which the two single acting pumps X X open at
the bottom to a chamber A common to both of them and containing refrigerated
oil under pressure, the level of which is determined by a stop cock a at such a
level that there is below it sufficient oil for the pistons to become immersed in at
the downstroke, while above it there is space for vapour which, as above mentioned,
takes up some of the oil and carries it with it to lubricate the rest of the machinery.
The pressure of the vapour above A is, as before, regulated by the spring valve B
which communicates with A by the pipe b. At the bottom of the cylinder, as

page_text: shewn in the part section to an enlarged scale Fig. 5, there is a cup c surrounding
the piston rod and itself surrounded by an annular chamber d and passages to
which refrigerating fluid is admitted by a valve e. This congeals the oil in the
cup c causing it to form a pasty packing which lubricates the piston rods and keeps
them tight, being itself subject to the pressure in A. Although I have shewn in
addition ordinary stuffing boxes Y, they may generally be dispensed with. The
admission of the cooling fluid to the passages d should be regulated so that only
the lubricant next the piston rod is congealed, the rest being left in liquid
condition so as to flow aside when the pistons dip in it. As animal and vegetable
oils become saponified in presence of some of the volatile liquids employed, such
for instance as ammonia, I employ as lubricant mineral oil which is not acted on
in this way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim, in respect of single acting compressing pumps for refrigerating
machines, is :-
1. Providing at the bottoms of two pumps placed side by side a space or spaces
communicating with each other and containing oil and vapour maintained by a
regulating escape valve at pressure above that of the atmosphere, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
2. Packing the piston rods by oil congealed to a pasty condition by conduction
from neighbouring spaces or passages supplied with refrigerating fluid, substan-
tially as described.
3. In refrigerating machines worked with ammonia or equivalent saponifying
fluids, the use of mineral oil for lubrication and packing, as herein set forth.
T
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Ja of Novemba 1886