IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND HEATING LIQUIDS AND GASES.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Wilson, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Brassfounder, and James Steel, of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND HEATING LIQUIDS AND GASES.
Sealed the 29th December 1874, and dated the 8th July 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Wilson and
James Steel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th July 1874.
We, HENRY WILSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
Brassfounder, and JAMES STEEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND HEATING LIQUIDS AND GASES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the arrangement
and construction of refrigerators and other apparatus for the cooling or
heating of liquids, gases, and such like, especially applicable to the form

page_text: 13th, A.D. 1871.
The first part of this Invention consists in the mode of fastening the
tubes which contain the liquid to be operated by or upon to the main
body of the apparatus, so that they may be easily removed and replaced,
each set of tubes being secured to a junction box, the opposite end being
secured to a plate, which plate is secured to a watercourse by bolts
and made water or air tight by elastic washers. Another method
of connecting the tubes to the main body of the refrigerator we also use,
where instead of the tubes being secured to a plate they are secured
to a box having branches or waterways fitting into corresponding
branches in main waterway, and secured by bolt and nuts. Another
method is where the tubes are secured to a box which is attached to the
main body of apparatus by a hinge, the lower part fitting by a
branch into the main waterway, and secured by a bolt and nut; the
action of the water is the same in all the different plans. Entering the
apparatus at one end the fluid passes into the main waterways, which
are divided into separate cells, each opening into the one division of
each tube box, it passes along the first set of tubes, and turning in the
junction box returns to the waterways, and so into the succeeding sets
of tubes to the end," where it is discharged; the liquid to be operated upon
being contained in divisions and passing over one diaphragm and under
the other and in the opposite direction to the cooling water. The tubes
used may be round, square, or flattened, as preferred.
The second part of this Invention-consists in the application of a
current of air which is discharged into or upon the liquid passing
through the apparatus through a series of pipes placed on diaphragms,
these pipes being connected to the main pipe running along the side of
the apparatus, which is supplied with heated or cold air by a fan or other
means.
The third part of the Invention consists of the application of a series
of arms or shafts having tines or fingers projecting down between each
set of tubes, having for their object the stirring or breaking up of the
currents of liquid passing through the apparatus, the motion being
imparted to them by an eccentric actuating the shaft. or arm to which
the tines or fingers are attached, the motive power being obtained by
preference from a small turbine or water wheel driven by the water that

page_text: passes through the refrigerator or in any other suitable manner; as an
alternation we sometimes hang the apparatus on swivels and apply an
undulating motion to it.
In conclusion we would remark that the following are special points
in our Invention :-
First. The attaching the cooling tubes to the main body of the
apparatus to facilitate their removal for cleaning or repairs, as set forth
in the first part of our description.
Second. The discharging of a current of hot or cold air upon the
surface or into the body of the liquid under operation, as set forth.
Third. The producing of a laterial motion in the liquid under operation
to ensure the contact of every atom with the operating surfaces, so to
facilitate the operation of cooling or heating as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Wilson and James Steel in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 7th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
WILSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Brassfounder,
and JAMES STEEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Henry Wilson and
James Steel, Her special licence that we, the said Henry Wilson and
James Steel, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.
as we, the said Henry Wilson and James Steel, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no.others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
.expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND HEATING LIQUIDS AND GASES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Henry Wilson and James Steel, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe 5
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Wilson and James 1
Steel, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this Invention is to improve the arrangement and con-
struction of refrigerators and other apparatus for the cooling or heating 1
of liquids, gases, and such like, the said Invention being specially
applicable to the form of refrigerators known as Steel and Wilson's
Patent, No. 975, Thirteenth April, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
The nature of the said Invention will be best understood, and the 2
manner in which the same is to be performed or carried out in practice,
ascertained by describing the same with reference to the accompanying
Drawings, which we therefore now proceed to describe as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
-
Fig. 1 represents part longitudinal and transverse sections of our 2
arrangements with side water service.
Fig. 2 represents a modified form of apparatus whereby the tubes are
attached to a hinge to admit of their being moved as shewn in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3, part longitudinal and transverse sectional views of another
form of apparatus with bottom water service.
Fig. 4 part longitudinal and transverse sectional views of the wind
arrangement.
Fig. 5 is part sectional view of arrangements for stirring up the liquid
by means of tines or fingers as shown.
3
The first part of our said Invention above mentioned consists in the 3
mode of fastening the tubes which contain the liquor to be operated by

page_text: or upon to the main body of the apparatus, so that they may be easily
removed or replaced, each set of tubes 6, b, being secured at one end of
the junction box A, Fig. 1, the opposite end being secured to a plate B,
which plate is secured to the watercourse by. the bolts c, c, and made
water or air tight by elastic washers. Another method of connecting
the tubes to the main body of the apparatus is shewn in Fig. 3, where
instead of the tubes being. secured to a plate. they are secured to a box
H, having branches or waterways h fitting into corresponding branches
in the main waterway I, and secured by the bolt and nuts i, i. Another
method is shewn in Fig. 2, where the tubes are secured to a plate K,
which is attached to the main body of the apparatus by the hinge D,
the lower part fitting by a branch into the main waterway L, and is
secured by a bolt and nut as shewn; the action of the water is the
same in all the different plans. Entering the apparatus at one end the
fluid passes into the main waterways C, I, or L, which are divided into
separate cells, each opening into the one division of each tube box, it
passes along the first set of tubes, and turning in the junction box A
returns.to the waterways C, I, or L, and so into the succeeding sets of
tubes to the end, where it is discharged; the liquid to be operated upon
being contained in the divisions M, M, and passing over one diaphragm
and under the other in the direction of the arrows and in the opposite
direction to the cooling water. The tubes used may be round, square,
or flattened, as preferred.
The second part of this Invention consists in the application of a
current of air which is discharged into or upon the liquid (see Fig. 4)
passing through the apparatus through a series of pipes placed on the
diaphragms shewn in Figs. 1 and 4, d, d, these pipes being connected to
the main pipe E running along the side of the apparatus which is
supplied with heated or cold air by a fan or other means.
The third part of the Invention consists of the application of a series
of arms or shafts having tines or fingers projecting down between each
set of tubes, as shewn in Fig. 5, having for their object the stirring or
breaking up of the current of liquid passing through the apparatus, the
motion being imparted to them by the eccentric H actuating the shaft
or arm G to which the tines or fingers e, e, e, are attached, the motive
power being obtained by preference from a small turbine or water wheel
driven by the water that passes through the refrigerator, or in any other

page_text: :
C
suitable manner.
As an alternative we sometimes hang the apparatus
on swivels and apply an undulating motion to it.
In conclusion we would remark that the following are special points
in our Invention.
First. The attaching the cooling tubes to the main body of the
apparatus to facilitate their removal for cleaning or repairs, as set forth in
the first part of this description.
:
Second. The discharging of a current of hot or cold air upon the
surface or into the body of the liquid under operation, as set forth in the
¿second part of this description.
Third. The producing of a lateral motion in the liquid under
operation to ensure the contact of every atom with the operating
surfaces, and so facilitate the operation of cooling or heating, as described
in the third part of this description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed or put in practice, we hereby declare that we claim the herein
described Invention of improvements in apparatus for cooling or
heating liquids and gases, as herein-before set forth and described;
it being understood that we do not limit ourselves to the use and
adoption of the exact details herein-before described and illustrated by
the accompanying Drawings, nor do we claim details per se and apart
from the purposes of our said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Wilson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
i A. BARCLAY WALKER,
Downing,
Holywell.
HENRY WILSON. (L.S.)