Electric Apparatus for Use either as an Electro-motor or as an Electric Current Meter.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 30th Nov., 1888
Electric Apparatus for Use either as an Electro-motor or as an
Electric Current Meter.
We, Doctor FRANÇOIS BOREL, of Cortaillod, Engineer and Electrician, and EMILE
PACCAUD, Director of La Société suisse d'électricité, of Lausanne, both in Switzerland,
do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows
--
Our apparatus consists essentially in the combination of two electro-magnets one of
which is fixed, whilst the other has a fixed solenoid, but a rotative core. The different
elements of said combination may be made of variable shape or dimensions according
to the effect to be obtained.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 represents in side view, and fig. 2 in front
view a diagram of the arrangement of our apparatus ready to work as a motor.
Fig. 3 is a top view, and fig. 4 an elevation of the same combination of elements so
disposed as to work as a meter for electric currents.
In all the figures similar letters refer to similar parts.
The electro-magnet B CD, formed like a horseshoe, is fixed, and is placed in a
plane perpendicular to the moveable disc E which is mounted on an axis provided
with a pulley H. This disc E is made of soft iron, and is surrounded by a fixed
solenoid G which is connected to the solenoid of the electro-magnet BUD so as to
have the electric current passing through both solenoids in the following manner :
entering the solenoid G through the wire A, the current circulates in the windings
of G which cover the disc E, then the current passes through the windings of the
solenoids surrounding B and D, and it leaves the apparatus through the wire S. The
circulation of the electric current through these solenoids has the effect of converting
the iron. disc E into a magnet having its poles at I and I', and at the same time
the same current converts the iron piece B C D into a magnet having its poles at B
and D.
So long as the aforesaid electric current is a continuous current the moveable part E
of the apparatus will remain absolutely still. But if an interruption of the current
takes place the coercive force maintains, for a very short time, the magnetization of

page_text: the core of both electro-magnets. The effect of this phenomenon will be to produce
a rotative motion of the pole I of the disc E, towards the pole B of the electro-
magnet BCD.
If the current passing the solenoid be an alternating current, like that employed for
electric-lighting purposes, the rapid succession of interruption in the current will
produce a continuous rotation of the disc E. The direction of this rotation will be
always the same, even if the direction of the electric current in the solenoids be
changed.
The core BCD of the fixed electro-magnet may be of any form, size, or con-
figuration. In fig. 3 the said core affects the form of a parallelogram, but it may be
of circular elliptic, polygonal or other form. The moveable core E, of the second
electro-magnet, may also affect various forms, as for instance cylindrical, annular,
polygonal, or other form, according to the purpose and size of the apparatus.
If the apparatus be intended to work as a motor then the axis F is provided with a
pulley, as shewn at fig. 1. If it be intended to work as a meter, then the axis F is
either provided with a worm H', as shewn at fig. 4, or with a pinion engaging with
the gearing of the indicator.
When the apparatus works as a meter the axis F is further provided with a fly-
regulator V, as shewn at fig. 4.
In certain limits, depending essentially on the mass of the cores of the electro-
magnets, the speed of the axis F will be proportional to the intensity of the current
traversing the wires of the solenoids, and the hands of the indicator acted upon by the
axis F will directly indicate the number of coulombs, that is to say the summation of
intensities, having traversed the apparatus in a given time, (Idt, I being the
intensity of the current and the time).
If the apparatus is to work as a voltmeter giving the summation of the differences
of potential in a given time (Edt, E being the difference of potential and the
time) both solenoids are made of very fine wire, and the apparatus connected in
derivation to the electric circuit in which passes the current which is to be measured.
If the apparatus be intended to work as a wattmeter giving the sunimation of the
work, that is to say of the product of the intensity by the electromotive force in a
given time (Edt) we shall have the total electric current which is to be measured
passing through one of the two solenoids, this solenoid being made of thick wire and
connecting the two ends of the other solenoid which is made of very fine wire, to the
extremities of the circuit in which the spent potential energy is to be measured.
If the apparatus be intended to indicate at every moment either the intensity of the
electric current, or the electromotive force, or the work (that is to say the product of
the electromotive force by the intensity) without consideration of time, then the
axis E, being never obliged to turn for a full rotation, is suspended by a thread, or by
a spiral spring, and is provided with a hand giving the indications directly upon a
dial, or by the help of a small mirror.
Dated this 30th day of January 1888.
ERNEST DE PASS, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
68, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: may be in the secondary circuit of a converter of which the primary is connected as
above stated.
In Figure 5 the coils e e are dispensed with and the stationary poles are obtained
by means of the iron blade dx which also is within the coils cc and is magnetised
by them.
The apparatus may be adjusted by moving the blade * so as to vary the angle
which it makes with the plane in which the coil is wound.
It will be understood as already stated that the polarities produced by both coils are
changed at every alternation of the current in the circuit but the tendency of the disc
to rotate is always in the same direction.
It is obvious that the apparatus may be used as a current indicator a spring being
applied to resist and prevent the complete rotation of the axis a. The angle through
which the axis turns will then be a measure of the strength of the current: The
winding of the coils should be adapted to the current which they are required to carry
and such as to produce a sufficient but not excessive magnetisation.
It will be obvious that the form of the parts may be much varied without departing
from our invention.
Thus in Figures & the disc coile does not extend over the frame d.
In Figures 7 the frame d is replaced by an electro magnet of another form.
The form indicated by the figures & resembles that shown by figure 5 except that
the blades d* are of another form.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion for electric meters and motors and in what manner the same is to be performed
we declare that what we claim is :-
1. Apparatus in which a disc or part of iron or magnetic metal free to turn is
magnetised by a coil in which alternating or intermittent currents pass and in which
the poles so produced in the said disc or part are affected by other poles also produced
by a coil in which alternating or intermittent currents likewise pass whereby movement
of the disc or part is produced substantially as described.
2. Apparatus in which a metallic disc free to revolve is inductively influenced by
two coils in which alternating or intermittent currents pass and which coils produce
polarities which attract and repel whereby rotation of the disc is produced substantially
as described.
3. Apparatus in which a metallic disc free to revolve is magnetised by a coil in
which alternating or intermittent currents pass and is also exposed to the influence of
an electro magnet also magnetised by alternating or intermittent currents whereby
rotation of the disc is produced substantially as described.
4. Apparatus in which a metallic disc free to revolve is inductively influenced by
a coil in which alternating or intermittent currents pass and is also exposed to the
influence of an electro magnet also magnetised by alternating or intermittent currents
whereby rotation of the disc is produced substantially as described.
5. Apparatus having two parts both magnetised by coils in which alternating
earrents pass producing alternating polarities which attract and repel whilst in one of
the parts also such alternating polarities are produced in successive positions advancing
step by step around the part and so making the circuit thereof whereby rotation is
continuously maintained substantially as described.
6. Electric current meters and motors substantially as described and illustrated by
the annexed drawings.