Year: 1885

page_text: I ALFRED WILLIAM MARSHALL of 30 Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(partly a communication to me from abroad by F. S. Köhler of Prague Smichov,
Bohemia, Engineer, and partly my own invention) to be as follows :-
The object of this invention is to manufacture shot in a cheap expeditious and
efficient manner by means of suitable apparatus and on any desired commerci]
scale without the use of high shot towers. It has heretofore been proposed as
described in the Specification of Field and Lord's expired patent N° 3316 of 1879,
to manufacture shot without the use of high shot towers but that process and
apparatus were not suitable for the manufacture on a commercial scale. In that
apparatus the pieces of lead cut to the size required were enclosed in long cylindrical
vessels mounted transversely to their axes on a spindle which was caused to revolve
but obviously and as therein stated if the speed of revolution were such as to bring
the centrifugal action into play to any degree the pieces of lead instead of
constantly knocking and rubbing against each other and against the interior of the
box would remain quiescent at the extreme ends of the box and the greater the
speed the more this action or rather inaction would take place so that no effect
would be produced unless the apparatus were worked at such a slow speed as to be
useless for the production of shot on a commercial scale.
Now according to this present invention I improve upon the aforesaid process and
apparatus all as hereinafter described; I first cut up sheet lead or lead wire of square,
round or other section into short bits of about the length of the diameter.
may be effected in any suitable manner by well known or special machinery-
consisting of grooved rollers for cutting the sheet lead into square strips which are
This

page_text: then cut up into pieces by reciprocating cutter, cutters or shears on issuing from
between the rolls. I then put the pieces of lead into metallic boxes provided with
lids that can be conveniently closed and opened. The boxes are placed on rods or
frames which receive quick reciprocating and by preference up and down motion or
vertical motion by any convenient means such for instance as connecting rods and
Or the
cranks, cams or eccentrics the rods or frames being suitably guided.
connecting rods may be connected directly to the boxes which are suitably guided
in their up and down motion. The pieces of lead enclosed in the boxes will thus
by knocking and rubbing against each other and against the walls of the box very
quickly assume a perfectly spherical form and smooth surface. The boxes may be
partly of glass to facilitate inspection. The bottom of the boxes may be hinged
or detachable for convenience of emptying, or the boxes may be detachable for
convenience of filling and emptying.
D: 20th day of November 1885
BREWER & JENSEN,
For the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Shot and in Apparatus
therefor.
I, ALFRED WILLIAM MARSHALL. of 30 Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square in
the County of Middlesex Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention
the result partly of a communication to me from abroad by F. S. Köhler of Prague
Smichov Bohemia Engineer and partly my own invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to manufacture shot in a cheap expeditious and
efficient manner by means of suitable apparatus and on any desired commercial
scale without the use of high shot towers. It has heretofore been proposed as
described in the Specification of Field and Lord's expired Patent No. 3316 of 1879
to manufacture shot without the use of high shot towers but that process and
apparatus were not suitable for the manufacture on a commercial scale. In that
apparatus the pieces of lead cut to the size required were enclosed in long cylindrical
vessels mounted transversely to their axes on a spindle which was caused to revolve
but obviously and as therein stated if the speed of revolution were such as to bring
the entrifugal action into play to any degree the pieces of lead instead of
constantly knocking and rubbing against each other and against the interior of the
box would remain quiescent at the extreme ends of the box and the greater the
speed the more this action or rather inaction would take place so that no effect
would be produced unless the apparatus were worked at such a slow speed as to be
useless for the production of shot on a commercial scale.
Now according to this present invention I improve upon the aforesaid process
and apparatus all as hereinafter described. I first cut up sheet lead or lead wire of
square round or other section into short bits of about the length of the diameter.
This may be effected in any suitable manner by well known or special machinery,
consisting of grooved rollers for cutting the sheet lead into square strips which are
then cut up into pieces by reciprocating cutter, cutters or shears on issuing from
between the rolls.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown a machine of this kind suitable for
the object in view Figure 1 being an end elevation and Figure 2 a back side
elevation with the table removed. Figure 3 is a vertical cross section and Figure 4
a plan of the machine.
a and a are rollers formed with circumferential grooves as shewn the sides
of the projecting bands forming the cutting edges for cutting up the sheet lead
into as many square strips as there are grooves. The upper roller a has upper
half bearings in the block which can be vertically adjusted and depressed as
required by the screw c and is guided at each end in the framing or side standards h.
The lower roller a¹ is supported in lower half bearings formed or fitted in the
standards h.

page_text: The sheet lead to be cut up is placed on the table y and pushed into the nip of
the rolls the lower one of which is slowly intermittently revolved (or both rollers
may be so revolved) from some revolving shaft, such as the shaft m which for this
purpose is fitted with fast and loose pulleys nn. On the shaft mis mounted an
eccentric o which by eccentric strap and roi p transmits rocking motion to a lever p
fixed on the shaft
7.
On this latter is also fixed a lever to which is jointed the connecting rod s.
The other end of the rods is jointed to the double lever which is mounted
loosely on the shaft and has pawl which engages with the teeth of the pawl
wheel and gives it intermittent revolving motion. The pawl wheel is fixed on
the aforesaid shaft on which is also fixed the spur pinion 2 that gears with the
spur wheel 3 on the shaft w. The pinion fixed on the latter gears with the
wheel on the shaft of the lower roller. a', which thus receives the intermittent
rotary motion. The rollers a a¹ are shown geared together by spur wheels u u.
In order to regulate the length of each step of this motion the rod s is by preference
as shown adjustably connected to the lever », viz: by a nut or sleeve through
which passes the regulating screw that is mounted on the lever and by means
of the handwheel can bring the nut nearer to or farther from the fulcrum of
the lever v.
The sheet lead when gripped by and passed between the rollers a a¹ issues on the
other side cut up into square strips which pass through a guide throat or funnel d
having teeth which enter the roller grooves and disengage therefrom the lead strips
and guide them forward to the cutters or shears e e¹. The screw serves to adjust
the position of the guide d.
The lower cutter e is fixed to a cross bar f of the framing, while the upper
cutter e¹ is mounted on a cross head which receives up and down motion in guide.s
provided between frame and bar i, from the shaft m by means of the eccentrics
and on the shaft m and the rods and k¹.
The strips having by the shears e e¹ been cut up into short pieces or cubes these
latter pass down through the shoot . I then put the pieces of lead into metallic
boxes provided with lids that can be conveniently closed and opened. The boxes
are placed on rods or frames which receive quick reciprocating and by preference
up and down motion or vertical motion by any convenient means such for instance
as connecting rods and cranks cams or eccentrics the rods or frames being suitably
guided. Or the connecting rods may be connected directly to the boxes which are
or may be suitably guided in their up and down motion. The pieces of lead
enclosed in the boxes will thus by knocking and rubbing against each other and
against the walls of the box very quickly assume a perfectly spherical form and
smooth surface. The boxes may be partly of glass to facilitate inspection. The
bottom of the boxes may be hinged or detachable for convenience of emptying, or
the boxes may be detachable for convenience of filling and emptying.
Figure 5 is an end view and Figure 6 a side view of an efficient simple and
cheap form of machine suitable for this purpose but it is of course only one form
out of many that might be employed.
The pieces or cubes of lead are placed in the lower part of the boxes a which
may conveniently be superposed two or more in number and be made of wood with
iron bottom and lid. These boxes or sets of boxes are fixed to the top of the rods
which have for this purpose heads to which the boxes are fixed by the straps d
and cross bar e hinged at one end to one strap d and passing sideways into a sloi
in the other straps, the whole being held together by the screws with handwheels.
The rods are guided in the guides g and worked quickly and alternately up and
down by the connecting rods from the two throw crankshaft (or it might be a
crank shaft with three or more throws, at equal angles,) which works in plummer
blocks fixed to the bed plate on which is also mounted the framing m of the
machine. The machine may be worked at about two hundred revolutions_a
minute and with a stroke of about seven inches; these particulars may however be

page_text: nn are sight
varied to a certain extent according to the size of shot to be made.
holes or lids for observing the condition of the pieces of lead in the boxes.
working platforms.
o o are
Instead of mounting the boxes as shown they may be mounted edgeways as
shown in the part end view figure 7 on the rod band be held by a strap d and
hinged clasp e with spring f
The boxes may be further guided by downwardly projecting rods from the
tables & working in guides provided on the top of the cross bracket for the guides g,
or in any other convenient way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I do
not claim manufacturing shot in the manner described and claimed in the Specification
of Lampen's Patent No. 2730 of 1883, but what I claim as the invention partly
communicated to me is :-
First The manufacture of shot from cubes or pieces of lead in closed boxes
that receive quick up and down motion substantially as set forth.
Second-The manufacture of cubes or pieces of lead by means of a machine
having grooved rollers with intermittent feed for cutting sheet lead into parallel
strips and having shears for cutting across the strips issuing from between the rolls
the two motions being relatively adjusted or arranged for the proper working
substantially as set forth.
:
Third The construction of machine with intermittent roller feed and shears
described with reference to figures 1 to 4.
Fourth-The construction of machine described with reference to figures 5 to 7.
Dated this 4th day of Angust 1886.