An Improved Stove.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1890-Accepted, 22nd Nov., 1890
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Stove.
I, AXEL GABRIEL FRYKMAN, of 44° Sturegatan Stockholm in the Country of Sweden,
Civil and Mining Engineer; do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to produce a stove of the cheapest manufacture, most
economical in fuel, most easily managed, most uniformly heating and useful for the
majority of fuels and the different requirements of heat.
This object is attained.
1st. Partly by forming a column of fuel of such adapted thickness in the fuel
magazine (1) as is required to obtain a complete combustion when at the foot of this
fuel column there is such a horizontal combustion arranged that the air of combustion,
which is introduced through the vertical openings (9) in the shutter (42), at the front
of the column, is passed through the thickness of the column in a horizontal direction
and the gases of combustion then formed are taken out by the gas-outlet (3) at the
opposite side of this column, which, at its base, rests on a grate (50) to which the
admission of air is shut off or regulated (for instance by the front (34) of the ash
box), which grate (50) leads off the ashes gradually as they are formed during the
combustion at the foot of the column, while the vertical openings (9) for the admission
of air are always kept open by the descending mass of fuel.
2nd. Partly by such constructive arrangements as are required for forming the
column of fuel, for effecting and maintaining the combustion, and for the use and
transmission of the produced heat.
The stove can be manufactured with magazine and outer casing of sheet or cast
iron and of round or square section.
Fig. 1 is front view. Figs. 2 and 3 are vertical sections at right angles to each other;
Figs. 4, 5, and 7 are horizontal sections at different heights of the stove, Fig. 6 is a
plan of the grate and Fig. 8 is a vertical view of the shutter.
The details of the stove are thus composed :
To the cylindrically shaped casing (35) of sheet iron are fixed by means of rivets.
screws the front frame (26), the lower part of the front side of the magazine (1) with
the distance piece (31) between the front sides of the casing and magazine, and also
a vertical partition plate (13) that divides the space enclosed by the casing into two
compartments, and also the outlet (5). Then the three fire bricks (6, 7 and 8) are set
in mortar, below the foot of which is introduced and fixed a bottom plate (23), and
the casing is shut by a lid (15) at the top, and by a bottom (36) at the foot, and the
stove is ready. If the casing and magazine be cast, the tightening between casing
and lid is effected by an interposed packing of asbestos, and the frame (26) can be
cast in one piece with the casing or fixed to it.
The relative position and arrangements of fuel magazine (1), shutter (42),
grate (50), fire-chamber (17) and gas outlet (3) is characterized partly by the
magazine, shutter, fire-chamber and grate being placed (at the front side) in the front
part of the stove, partly by the gas-outlet being placed in the back part of the stove
directly opposite to and at about the same height above the grate as the shutter with
its front openings (9), partly by the tire-chamber with its ash-outlet (50) being
placed between the vertical air-inlets (9) and the gas-outlet (3), the fuel-magazine
being placed vertically above the fire-chamber, partly by the bottom of the gas-outlet
being so inclined towards the grate and the lower part (41) of the back of the fuel-
magazine being situated at such an adapted height above the grate, that the slope of
uel from the magazine into the gas-outlet provides a sufficiently large and free
pening. for the escaping gases without making the thickness of fuel too great

page_text: towards the air-inlets (9), purposely so arranged as to obtain such relative positions
and such dimensions of air-inlets, ash-outlet, gas-outlet, fuel-magazine and fire-
chamber as are required: 1° to effect a complete and uniform combustion of fuel,
2° to facilitate the management of the stove, 3º completely to utilize and transmit
the produced heat without overheating the stove, because by dividing the space of the
stove cylinder as stated, into a front and a rear, a large compartment (2) is provided
to receive the gases and their heat from the outlet (3), whence the gases mount
against the lid (15) and turn above the top of the partition plate (13), descending
through the compartment (4) to the outlet (5), while heating the casing of the
stove.
The grate (50) and its fitting to the stove is characterized by the arrangement that
the said grate by its breadth nearly fills up the space above its wedge-formed sup-
porting hooks (21) extending from the bottom (23) and situated behind the central
line of the fire chamber thus forming a centre of motion round which, or alternatively
round a stud pin (22) as a centre likewise situated behind the central line of the fire-
chamber, the grate obtains a rocking motion, which, at will, is up and down or at
right angles to the sides of the fire-chamber, which motion is greatest in front of the
shutter (42) with the air-inlets (9), where the combustion and production of ashes are
greatest, while the shaking motion imparted to the grate communicates to the fuel a
vibratory motion that best removes the ashes without loss of fuel, and that by the
said dividing of the space of the stove-casing into a front and a rear, a compartment
is provided, below the gas-outlet into which the grate, being supported under the
handle (27) and by the hooks (21) can be slid inward and received without necessi-
tating any projecting of the stove-casing when it is requisite to empty the fire-
chamber.
:
The shutter (42) and its fitting to the frame (26) at the front of the stove is
characterized partly that there is fitted before the front opening of the fire-chamber
a shutter (42) provided with air-inlets (9) and moveable up and down, which shutter
is directed by two guides (16) at the sides of the opening, the top (11) of which
guides terminate below the top of the said opening and there form two supports (11),
upon and round which the shutter with its books (12) so rests that it may be swung
towards the inside of the fire-chamber from a nearly vertical to a nearly horizontal
position to support the fuel in the magazine adjacent to the shutter, while, during
this motion of the shutter, the gas-outlet (3), situated opposite, receives a part of the
fuel; partly that the form and size of the air openings (9) may be varied according
to the requirements of different fuels by changing shutters; partly that the top of the
shutter is provided with a horizontal (closing) flange (30) that closes towards a
flange (40) extending from the top frame, and that this top frame is extended inside
the stove, by a flange (32) situated below the distance piece (31), by which the front
side of the magazine is separated from the casing, to lead the gases by this flange (32)
from the shutter towards the inside, and to prevent the overheating of the front by
the descending fuel (on account of the separation of the magazine from the casing)
being in such a manner supplied to the inside of the tire-chamber that the glowing
fuel does not come in contact with the upper part of the shutter; partly that the
shutter is provided with vertical furrows (10), which, without being stopped by the
ashes during slow combustion supply the air required to keep the fuel glowing and
to prevent extinction, also that the air-inlets can be placed into these furrows or
channels, below which a chamber (28) projects from the framing to carry off the
ashes; partly that the opening of the fire-chamber is surrounded by a frame (26) fixed
to the casing, which frame partly supports the guides (16) and the top framing (32)
intended for the shutter, partly embraces the handle (18) of the grate (50) and the
front of the ash box and is provided with the vertical side flanges (25) that secure
the front edges of the side bricks of the fire-chamber.
The combination and action of the shutter (42), the grate (50), the gas-outlet (3)
and the ash box (34) is characterized partly that when the air-inlets (9) supply the
air, the ashes are led off by the grate (50) and the gases by the gas-outlet, while the
supply of air to the said grate is shut off or regulated, whereby the air-inlet as to

page_text: place and position is separated from the ash-outlet, in order that the ashes formed
may be carried off without stopping the admission of air, to produce a constant com-
bustion and heating; partly that when the fuel in the magazine is supported by the
shutter swung to the horizontal position, the grate may be pushed inward to empty
the fire-chamber or to remove the slag, for the purpose of lighting or re-lighting the
fire, without removing the fuel from the magazine.
The following arrangements are also characteristic :
A) Below the gas-outlet (3) there is applied a bottom plate (23) having at the
front an opening below which the grate (50) is fitted, having on its upper side the
flanges (24) that support the side bricks of the fire-chamber, turther having on its
underside a centre stud (22) placed at the back of the said opening about which centre
the grate used as a lever can be shaken and slid inward; further having a pair of
hooks (21) fitted to the sides of the opening and situated behind the centre line of
the fire-chamber for the suspension of the grate.
B) On the aforesaid bottom plate (23) are applied three fire-bricks (6, 7, 8) the
outer sides of which are formed according to the interior of the casing, and the inner
sides of which together form the sides of the fire-chamber, the top of which side
bricks support the flanged sides (33) of the fuel magazine, whereby the walls of the
fire-chamber are rendered strong, and sufficiently thick to keep the fuel glowing
during slow combustion.
C) The casing is closed by a lid (15) that on its underside is provided with a down-
ward sloping conical flange, the upper diameter of which is somewhat larger than
that of the casing, so that by pressing the lid with its flange down into the casing a
perfectly tight joint between casing and lid is effected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to he performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is:
1°. In stoves, the relative position and arrangement of magazine (1), air-inlets (9),
ash-outlet (50), fire-chamber (17) and gas-outlet (3) consists therein that magazine,
air-inlet, fire-chamber and ash-outlet are placed in the front part of the stove casing,
at or round a column of fuel which rests principally upon a grate (50) (to which the
admission of air is shut off or regulated) and which column extends through the fire-
chamber and magazine, and that the gas-outlet is situated in the back part of the
stove casing, at the back of the said column, opposite to, and at about the same height
above the grate as the vertical air-inlets situated at the front side; with the fire-
chamber situated between air-inlets and gas-outlet, to effect a horizontal and complete
combustion, uniform production and transmission of heat and a good management of
the stove.
2º. In stoves, according to claim 1, the arrangement that the back of the fire-
chamber is inclined and forms a bottom for the gas-outlet (3), and that below this
bottom a chamber is provided to receive the inwardly sliding grate.
3°. In stoves, the relative position, arrangement and combination of air-inlets (9)
being placed at the front, ash-outlet (50) at the bottom, and gas-outlet (3) at the back
of the fire-chamber opposite to the air-inlets, reciprocally so arranged that while the
air is introduced through the inlets, the gases are led off through the gas-outlet and
the ashes through the grate, while the admission of air to the said grate is shut off
or regulated.
4°. In stoves, according to claim 1, the arrangements that before the front opening
of the fire-chainber there is fitted a shutter (42) provided with air-inlets (9) and
moveable up and down, which shutter is directed by two guides (16) applied at the
sides of opening, the top (11) of which guides terminate below the top of said opening
and there for two supports (11), upon which the shutter can be swung towards the
inside of the fire-room from a nearly vertical to a nearly horizontal position and that
the top of the shutter has a horizontal closing flange that closes towards a flange
extending from the top frame.

page_text: 5°. In stoves, according to claim 1, the arrangement that the grate (50) by its
breadth nearly fills up the space above its wedge-formed carrying hooks (21)
situated behind the central line of the fire-chamber, to there form a centre about
which the grate used as a lever can be shaken at right angles to the fire-chamber,
while this shaking communicates to the fuel a vibratory motion that best removes
the ashes.
6°. In stoves, according to claim 1, the arrangement that below the gas-outlet (3)
there is applied a bottom plate (23), which at the front has an opening below which
the grate (0) is fitted, which on the upper side has flanges (24) that hold the side
bricks of the fire-chamber, and which on the underside has a stud (22) at the back of
the opening, about which centre the grate can be rocked and moved inward, and'
which is provided with a pair of hooks for the suspension of the grate.
7°. In stoves, according to claim 1, the arrangement that on the bottom plate (23)
of the gas-outlet (3) three fire-bricks are applied, the outer sides of which are formed
according to the interior of the casing and the inner sides of which together form
the sides of the fire-chamber, while the side bricks (6, 8) by their tops support the two
flanged foot sides (33) of the fuel magazine; whereby the walls of the fire-chamber
are rendered strong, and sufficiently thick to keep the fire steady during slow com-
bustion.
8°. In cylindrical plate stoves the arrangement that the casing is closed by a lid: (15)
that on its underside is provided with a downward sloping conical flange (14), the
upper diameter of which is somewhat larger than that of the casing, so that by pressing
the lid with its flange 'down into the casing a perfectly tight joint between casing
and lid is effected.
9. In stoves, according to claim 1, the arrangement that in the back part of the
casing is applied a vertical partition plate, which divides the casing into two com-
partments (2, 4), and which forces the gases from the outlet (3) to be spread all about
in the front part (2) of the casing, then to mount against the lid (15) where the
gases turn above the top of the plate (13), and then descend to the outlet (5).
10°. In stoves, according to claim 1, the arrangement that the front side of the
fuel-magazine (1) is separated from the casing (35) by an interposed distance
piece (51).
Dated, Stockholm, this 4th day of July 1890.