the Appliances and Methods for Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 2nd Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 31st Mar., 1888
and in the Appliances and Methods for Manufacturing the same.
MAURICE GANDY of No. 5 Ansdell Street Liverpool, Manager of the Gandy Belt
Manufacturing Company, Limited, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Making textile belts or bands from cloth by preference cotton cloth, woven to the
exact width the belt is intended to be, putting two or more layers, or plies together,
and uniting them by stitching or other means, so as to form a belt with a plurality of
selvages at each edge, also making endless belts of the same cloth, so that there is no
splice or joint in such endless belts, also coating the edges of such belts with anti-
friction composition, to prevent cutting by guide forks, also the appliances and
methods of making such belts with more than one selvage at each edge, thus-For
making rolls of long lengths of any widths of belting, I fit suitable appliances to the
Machine that unites the layers or plies together (by stitching or otherwise) so as to
guide the layers of cloth smoothly and evenly together, to the needle or other uniting
means.
In making endless belts, I use suitable formers round which I carry the cloth that
has to make the endless belt. These formers may be of any suitable design, such as
upright pegs in a table, round which to pass the cloth, or by preference adjustable
pulleys that may be actuated by motive power.
In applying the antifriction compound to the edges of such belts, I do it by hand
and a brush, or by preference by means of suitable appliances, which apply the
compound to the edges, as the belt is drawn past by motive power, as will be
understood.

page_text: Improvements in Textile Belts or Bands for Driving Machinery
and in the Appliances and Methods for Manufacturing the same.
I, MAURICE GANDY, of 5 Ansdell Street, Liverpool, Manager of the Gandy Belt
Manufacturing Company Limited, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
1
Making textile belts or bands from cloth, by preference cotton cloth, woven to the
exact width the belt is intended to be; putting two or more layers or plies together
and uniting them by stitching, or other means, so as to form a belt with a plurality
of selvages at each edge; also making endless belts of the same cloth so that there is
no splice or joint in such endless belts; also coating the edges of such bolts with anti-
friction composition to prevent cutting by guide forks also the appliances and methods
of making such belts with more than one selvage at each edge, thus :-
For making rolls of long lengths of any widths of belting, I fit suitable appliances
to the machine that unites the layers or plies together (by stitching, or otherwise) so
as to guide the layers of cloth smoothly and evenly together, to the needle, or other
uniting means.
In making endless belts I use suitable formers round which I carry the cloth that
has to make the endless belt. These formers may be of any suitable design, such as
upright pegs in a table, round which to pass the cloth, or by preference adjustable
pulleys that may be actuated by motive power.
Referring to the drawings accompanying this specification, Figure 1 is a
longitudinal section through my improved machine for manufacturing laminated belts
composed of several distinct and separate plies. Figure 2 is a plan view of my said.
improved laminated belt; and Figure 2a is a cross-section through the same.
Figure 2b is a sectional side view of the belt showing a stepped splice or joint.
Figure 3 illustrates an elevation, partly in section, and Figure 4 a top view, of my
said improved machine for manufacturing laminated belts. Figure 5 is a plan of an
apparatus, or former upon which an endless belt composed of several distinct and
separate plies is made, and Figures 6 and 7 shows the method of constructing said
belt, as hereinafter described.
My improved laminated textile belt is composed of a plurality of plies of canvas,
each ply woven to the exact width it is desired to make the belt. Each width and
ply to be separate and distinct from all the rest and having a selvage on each edge
thereof, the several plies being disposed one upon the other, flatwise, and stitched,
rivetted or woven together. When the plies are. stitched together it is effected by
sewing them with longitudinal rows of stitching about three-eights of an inch apart,
and. with outside rows as close along each edge of the belt as possible without
impairing the strength of the selvage. When the plies are woven together they are
simultaneously and separately woven and secured together by locking warps, such
locking warps being arranged to hold the plies together at points and in the same

page_text: manner as the stitching. When the plies are rivetted together such rivetting may be
of any suitable kind such as the ordinary belt copper givetting, or machine wire
rivetting, or the like. By these means the hard selvage edge of the several pliés are
drawn hard upon each other, thus making the two edges of the belt to consist of a
combination of separate and distinct hard selvage edges united by a row of stitching,
rivets or locking warps. The belt made in this way is not so liable to fray and go
to pieces when running between shifting forks, as in the case of belts heretofore
constructed and when I insert and use any of the well known kinds of anti friction
edging" or cements on and between each of the selvage edges of the several
thicknesses of the belt, such edging or cement can be more easily applied to and is
better retained by the selvages, held together as described, than is the case in canvas
belts heretofore constructed, and this form of belt enables the joining of a belt to be
made in the form of a stepped splice. Such a belt is illustrated by Figures 2. 2 a and
2b of the accompanying drawings.
"
The appliances for manufacturing the said belts composed of a plurality of separate
and distinct plies, are illustrated in Figures 1. 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings,
which will be hereinafter fully described.
In making an endless belt and a belt of the same cloth, namely, a laminated belt
composed of a plurality of separate and distinct plies, I form it around a pair of
pulleys or circular forms to correspond sufficiently for all practical purposes with
the pulleys upon which the belt is to run when in actual service, by which means
the several plies composing the belt increase in length from the inside outward, the
thicker the belt being, the longer will be the outside ply. In a belt made in this
way all the plies will draw exactly alike when on the pulleys and the inside plies will
not crimp; wrinkle, or cut upon the pulleys.
The method of and means for forming said belt around said pair of pulleys or
circular forms for the purpose hereinbefore set forth, is hereinafter described.
Referring now to the drawings Figures 2, 2 a are plan and cross-section
respectively of the finished belt, and they show also a plan of each separate ply of
canvas composing it, the edges being both selvage and stitched, or rivetted together
or caught together in weaving by locking warps, as near the edge as practicable to
draw the several selvages of the several plies hard together, as above described. The
dotted lines in Figures 2 and 2 a represent the rows of stitching, rivetting, or the
position of the locking warps with the weft. In any case the tension of the stitching-
thread, or rivets, or locking warps should be as great as convenient, to draw the
several plies of canvas hard upon each other, as shown in Figure 2a, thus making
the two edges of the belt to consist of the combination of separate and distinct hard
selvage edges, united by rows of stitching, rivetting, or locking warps.
In order to make such a belt it is absolutely necessary that the separate plies should
lic exactly on the top of each other, with all the selvages on the same horizontal plane,
and that when making stitched belts they be so held while being stitched, otherwise
the edges will not be even, and the sewing machine cannot catch and draw the
selvages all together and hard upon each other by rows of stitching along the extreme
edges. To accomplish this I use guides hereinafter described by which the plies are
brought into the proper position with relation to each other and held there while the
belt is being stitched. The appliances shown in Figures 1. 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawings represent an improvement upon the machine set forth in
the Specification of my former Letters Patent No. 1527 A.D. 1879. Referring to
the figures, A is a belt consisting of several distinct plies or laminae, each width and
ply being distinct and separate from all the rest. B is a table upon which a pair of
guides Care set. The guides CC extend from some distance in front of the
machine, between the nipper and the face of the bed of the table B and across the
table B as shown. The distance between these guides may be varied to suit different
widths of canvas by means of the right and left hand threaded screwed rod D. A
shaft E threaded only a part of its length, connects with one of said guides, by means
of which the position of said guides may be shifted from side to side in order to bring
the proper portion of the belt under the needle N of the sewing machine F.

page_text: Instead of the rod E being screw-threaded only a portion of its length, I may
employ a rod screw-threaded throughout its entire length, by making the hole
through which it passes in one of said guides so large that it does not engage with
said screw-thread.
Behind the sewing machine a pair of friction or gripping rollers, G, are placed,
said rollers being connected through the belt H with a suitable source of power for
operating the same. By means of these rollers the belt is fed through the guides
and under the machine needle. The rod I, passed through the guides CC and placed
in front of the machine needle, serves to keep the laminae hard upon each other and
down against the table when they are operated upon by the needle.
Jis a nipper, placed in front of the needle to press the belt down against the table,
and, in connection with the feeding rollers GG, subject the belt to tension in passing
under the needle. The nipper is raised and lowered by means of the screws K. K.
preferably geared together to act in unison as shown in Figure 3.
At the forward end of the guides C is a system of parallel rods L. The number
of these rods corresponds with the number of plies of material which are employed
to make up the necessary thickness of the belt. They are placed a sufficient distance
apart to permit a single thickness of the material to pass between them. The office
of these rods is twofold:--In the first place, they prevent friction between the several
plies, which would interfere with the action of the guides in bringing each ply home
to its proper position with relation to the other plies, and, in the second place, they
prevent the crimping or wrinkling of the several plies and remove such crimps or
wrinkles if any be present. By the devices I have described each ply is separately
adjusted by the guides, so that they lie exactly on top of each other and make a belt in
which the edges lie in the same horizontal plane, are smooth and even, and capable of
running smoothly through and resisting the wear of guide forks.
1
In stitching the belt, if only one machine be used, I prefer to stitch a seam down
the middle of the belt and then add parallel rows of stitching-say about three-eighths
of an inch apart commencing from the middle seam and running out toward cach
edge. If two machines be used, say one in front of the other-that is, in tandem-1
prefer to put the first seams along the two extreme edges of the belt and afterwards
add the intervening seams.
In a belt woven of several plics simultaneously, but separately, and united by
locking warps and each ply or layer having separate and distinct selvages, to with-
stand the wear of the guide-forks it will be necessary to "beam" as many sets of
warps as it is intended to weave plics or layers in the belt, in the same way as is done
in the present system of weaving solid woven belts, where they are woven in one
piece with the different plies or layers united by locking warps, and with the edges
united by the same weft passing from one ply or layer to the next ply or layer. But
in weaving belts according to this invention there exists this difference, that instead
of using one weft common to all the plies and passing from one ply to another, it is
necessary to so arrange the loom as to have a separate weft for each ply, and each
weft to operate on one distinct ply only and thus leave a separate and distinct selvage
to each ply on each side, depending on the locking warps only for uniting the plics, as
will be understood by those skilled in the art.
This belt, so woven, is then capable of having its plies separated for joining by
simply cutting the locking warps, without having to cut any of the separate selvages.
Thus the stepped joint shown in Figure 2b is enabled to be made in this solid woven
belt, which cannot be done with the solid woven belt as made with one weft only, as
at present.
In the manufacture of a belt of an endless form, according to this invention, made
up of separate and distinct plies in which the outside plies increase in length as the
belt increases in thickness, for the purpose of forming a belt which will not wrinkle
or cut on the pulley, I prefer to employ the following appliances and method. Said
appliances are illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7 and of the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Figure 5, which is a plan view of the apparatus, O. O are a pair of
rollers or loose pulleys, turning freely on their axis, which may be set vertically or

page_text: horizontally, as may be thought most convenient, but by preference I place them
vertically. P is a frame-piece, in which slots are made to carry suitable journal
boxes to support and contain the ends of the roller shafts. These journal boxes are
connected to the screws R, set in the frame-piece, by which the rollers or pulleys are
shifted to or from each other, thus adapting the former to belts of different lengths,
and of course different sized rollers or pulleys may be used in the frame to suit the
exigencies of such cases. There are of course two frame-pieces like P, held apart by
suitable joists or timbers, each frame piece carrying one end of the roller or pulley
shaft. This frame being constructed substantially as above described, the inside ply
of canvas T is drawn over it and the ends tacked together as at U
A second ply
is then drawn over the first one, and the ends tacked together as at U" and so on,
changing the joints of each ply as at U¹ and U, until the belt is built up to the desired
thickness. These several plies being drawn snugly upon each other are then tacked
together, and then taken off the former and stitched on the sewing machine, or
fastened together by any other suitable means, as above described.
Another and substantially the same method of forming the belt is illustrated in
Figure 7. In this case a long strip of material of the desired width is wrapped upon
the former or pulleys, one ply on another, until the desired thickness is obtained, and
the several plies are then fastened together as before, the ends lapping, as at V, W.
By these means it will be observed that an endless belt is made not only to exactly fit
the pulleys on which it is to be run, and having no tendency to wrinkle, but is also
made without splicing, as in the ordinary endless belt. In making these belts I prefer
to join the ends of the belt diagonally, as in Figure 6.
I would here remark that if the belt herein described be made of canvas or duck,
I prefer to have the canvas hard woven, namely that kind of canvas known in the
Market as "American hard duck," and the warp-thread larger than the weft ; and 1
also prefer to soak them in oil, press, and stretch them; but I do not intend to limit
my patent to belts so made.
In wrapping the belt around the formers O, I prefer to employ a former-belt, as
illustrated by X. X, Figure 8. This former-belt is an ordinary endless belt wrapped
around the former rollers O. O. To this belt, as at Y, I attach the end of the band of
which the belt is to be formed, by stitches, or other suitable means.
This band S in
approaching the former, passes through the friction devices X'X'. After it has been
attached to the former-belt the rollers O. O. are caused to revolve, drawing the band S
through the friction rollers X¹ X³, until the required thickness of belt is laid up.
Then the band S is cut and the end tacked to the body of the belt to prevent it
unrolling. The fastening Y may then be cut and the belt taken off the former to be
stitched, or the layers otherwise fastened together. Whether the belt be laid up on
the former-belt, as described, or otherwise, and irrespective of whether the belt be
made of one continuous strip, or of several separate strips as described, I prefer to
tack the belt in the following manner before it is taken off the frame.
Resuming reference to Figure 8, about midway between the formers O. O on both
sides as at Z. Z, I securely tack all the plies of the belt together. I then revolve the
rollers to give the belt a quarter of a turn-that is to say, until the points ZZ arrive
at a position midway between the rollers-and I then tack the plies there firmly
together. If desirable the belt may thus be tacked at several points on substantially
the same plan. The object which I have in view in thus tacking the belt before it is
taken from the former is to bring and hold the several plies in the same relative
position to each other throughout the whole length of the belt. If the plies of the
belt should be sewed or otherwise attached to each other while it was held in the
position it occupies on the formers, the fulness of the outer plies would all be held at
the curved ends and the sides of the belt would be straight; hence the belt in running
upon the pulleys would subject the plies to unequal strain, which would have a
tendency to pull them apart; but by employing the method I have described, the
fulness of the outer plies is distributed throughout the whole length of the belt.
Again if the plies were not tacked together at more than one point, in sewing the belt
the machine would be apt to draw all the fulness of the belt to one part, and thus

page_text: interfere with its efficiency. Instead of tacking the plies of the belt together before the
belt is taken off the former, I may accomplish the same object substantially by laying
the belt out after it is taken off, in the form of a true circle, and then tacking it
together at several points; or by sewing the belt by a machine as it is being slowly
fed forward by the revolution of the pulleys; or by providing the bed of the sewing
machine with a face of the required curviture.
In the foregoing specification I have described what I consider the best type of belt
involving my invention, and also the means I prefer to employ for making said belt,
whether straight, curved, or endless. I wish it to be understood, however, that I do
not limit myself to the precise form of belt, or to the precise devices, combinations of
devices and methods described, since any merely colourable change may be made
without departing from the spirit or scope of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A belt for driving machinery composed of a plurality of single thicknesses
of canvas woven to the exact width it is desired to make the belt and having its
selvage on each edge closely united by, and combined with a row of stitching,
rivetting, or locking warps, thus augmenting the strength and hardness of the
selvage by the strength of the stitching, rivetting, or locking warps, substantially as
described.
Second. A belt for driving machinery composed of a plurality of single thicknesses
of canvas woven to the exact width it is desired to make the belt, its selvage on each
side being closely united by and combined with a row of stitching, rivetting or locking
warps and provided with antifriction "edging" or cement on and between each of the
selvage edges of the several thicknesses thereof, substantially as described.
Third. In a belt composed of a plurality of separate plies fastened together by
stitching, rivetting, or weaving, as described, the stepped joint formed substantially as
set forth with reference to Figure 2b of the drawings.
Fourth. A belt composed of a plurality of separate plies fastened together having a
gradual increase in the length of the several plies from the inside to the outside of the
belt, for the purpose of equalizing the strain on each ply and to avoid wrinkling of
the inside plies, substantially as described.
Fifth. A canvas belt composed of several separate and distinct plies of canvas,
built up one upon the other, and stitched together, as described, forming an endless
belt, constructed and joined substantially as described.
Sixth. In a machine for manufacturing laminated belts composed of separate plies,
a sewing machine combined with feeding mechanism, and a guide having parallel
sides, arranged and operating as described.
Seventh. In a machine for manufacturing laminated belts composed of separate
plies, the combination of feeding mechanism and guides, and means, substantially as
described, for holding the several plies apart as they approach said guides.
Eighth. In the manufacture of laminated belts composed of separate plies, the
combination of feeding mechanism and guides and a plurality of parallel rods set in
a frame in front of said guides, for holding the several plies apart and removing the
wrinkles therefrom as they approach said guides, substantially as described.
Ninth. In the manufacture of laminated belts composed of separato plies, the
combination of a sewing machine, feeding rollers, guides, and a plurality of parallel
rods, all arranged to operate substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.
Tenth. In the manufacture of laminated belts composed of separate plies, the
combination of a sewing machine, feeding rollers, guides, tension nippers and a
plurality of parallel rods, substantially as set forth.
Eleventh. In the manufacture of laminated belts composed of separate plies, the
method substantially herein described of adjusting the relative position of said plies,
which consists of separating the several plies from each other of feeding the plies so
separated between guides.

page_text: Twelfth. The method of forming laminated belts, which method consists of
wrapping the several plies of said belt upon a former, layer upon layer, and of then
fastening the several plies together, making a belt in which the outside plies increase
in length as the belt increases in thickness, substantially as described.
Thirteenth. The method of forming endless belts, which consists of wrapping a
single length of material upon itself around formers until the required thickness of
the belt is obtained, and of fastening the several plies together, substantially as
described.
Fourteenth. The method of formning endless laminated belts; which consists of
wrapping a single ply of material around a former and fastening its ends together;
of then wrapping another ply of said material around said last mentioned ply and
fastening its ends together, and so on until the required thickness of belt is obtained,
and fastening said several plies together, the joints of the several plies being at
different points, substantially as described.
Fifteenth. The method of forming laminated belts, which method consists of
wrapping the several plies of said belt upon a former, layer upon layer, and of then
tacking the plies together at several points to hold them in the proper relative
position, and subsequently removing the belt from said former, and then attaching
the several plies together throughout their entire length by sewing, or rivetting,
substantially as described.