IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Alfred Barlow, of the Firm of Henry Bernoulli
Barlow, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agent, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES." A com-
munication from abroad by Monsieur Auguste de Meritens, of Paris, France,
Encius
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Alfred Barlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
CHARLES ALFRED BARLOW, of the Firm of Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Monsieur
Auguste de Meritens, of Paris, France, Engineer.
The new continuous current dynamo-electric machine which I wish to patent
is exclusively magneto-electric, that is to say, its inductors are composed of
permanent magnets.
I have discovered that two straight permanent magnets, the opposite poles of
which are furnished with one common armature of suitable size in contact with
them, will constitute a horse shoe magnet more powerful than if the magnet was
formed of a single bar curved in the form of a horse shoe.
This results from the theory of magnetism which indicates that the pole of a
straight magnet becomes more intense if a sufficient armature is applied against
its other pole. Now in a horse shoe magnet the curved part of the plate is
usually of the same breadth and thickness as the straight sides. To give the poles
the greatest power the curved part must be made thicker, which increases the
difficulty and expense of manufacture.
My new machine is composed of two magnetised clustres of horse shoe form;
each cluster has two arms (or branches) formed of 64 plates; these arms are
arranged in a curve so that their inner surface is equidistant from the periphery of
a ring which rotates hetween them.
To effect this each of the 64 steel plates forming the arm is laid on a cylindrical
surface formed in an opening cast in an annular magnet carrier and in a recess

page_text: cast in a second annular magnet carrier. All the plates of each arm of the clusters
are parallel, and they are pierced by three holes through which three straight bolts
are passed which clamp the 64 plates together.
The magnet carrier is of bronze and the arms of the magnets pass through the
openings. The second magnetic carrier is of cast iron; it forms the base plate (or
magnetic yoke) common to all the clusters.
One of the bolts passing through the plates of each cluster serves to hold them
together and against the inner side of the base plate. Iron projections ensure
magnetic contact of all the points of each arm with its base plate.
The two magnet carriers are connected together by four brass stays and form the
frame of the machine; bridges are cast on the magnet carriers in which the
bearings of the driving shaft are mounted.
Outside of the bronze magnet carrier on the driving shaft is a ring which
contains 16 bobbins, each composed of about 80 plates or other number of soft
sheet-iron, one twenty-fifth of an inch thick, cut out so that each bobbin contains
in itself four separate small bobbins. The 16 large bobbins are fixed on to the
bronze ring by bolts passing through projections on the ring. The 64 small
bobbins are covered with suitable wire; the two ends of the wire are left free to
be connected to the plates of the collector which is mounted on the boss of the
ring. This combination has the advantage of allowing the ring and the collector
to be separated or changed without taking the machine to pieces. This machine
may be used for several purposes, such as lighting, electro deposition, or motive
-power.--
The collector is composed of 64 plates of copper insulated from each other
radiating from the boss of the ring. The inner end of each plate is wide and
curved outward, and at one side fits in a recess formed in the boss of the ring, and
the curved portion of the other side is covered by a recessed collar fitted on the
boss of the ring. I place leather between this collar and the plates, and also
between the recess in the boss and the plates, which presses against and insulates
them. Two nuts are secured on a thread on the end of the boss of the ring to
secure these parts. To each of the 64 plates forming the collector is soldered or
fixed a small strip of copper, the free end of which is soldered or fixed to the
outer end of the wire on one small bobbin and to the inner end of the wire of
the next small bobbin, all the small bobbins being thus connected to the collector.
The indicators of the machine are made of two clusters of permanent horse shoe
magnets, the four poles of which form an almost complete circle.
There are four rubbers (or contact makers) fitted on an adjustable annular frame
connected to the frame of the machine.
These rubbers traverse the insulated sockets of the collector, and are applied or
pressed by springs or otherwise to the collector. The adjustable frame which
carries them allows them to be placed in any position or even reversed, thus
allowing the machine to revolve in either direction when used as a motor.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Alfred Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th March 1882.
CHARLES ALFRED BARLOW, of the Firm of Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of
Manchester, in the County, of Lancaster, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Monsieur
Auguste de Méritens, of Paris, France, Engineer.
This Invention relates to magneto-electric machines, the object being to produce
a powerful continuous current dynamo-electric machine, the inductors of which are
composed of improved permanent magnets.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will describe the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, reference
being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal elevation of the improved machine, and
Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same.
On Sheet 2, Figs. 3 and 4 are detailed views of parts of the machine.
This improved machine is composed of two magnetized clusters of horse shoo
form; each cluster has two arms (or branches) A, B, and C, D, formed of sixty
four plates; these arms are arranged in a circle inside which a ring rotates. Each
of the sixty four steel plates forming an arm is laid on a cylindrical surface formed
in an opening F' cast in an annular magnet carrier P₁ and in a recess F cast in a
second annular magnet carrier P. All the plates of each arm of the clusters are
parallel, and they are pierced by three holes through which three straight bolts b, b, b,
are passed which clamp the sixty four plates together.
The magnet carrier P¹ is of bronze, and the arms of the magnets pass through
the openings F. The second magnet carrier P is of cast iron; it forms the base
plate (or magnetic yoke) common to all the clusters. One of the bolts 6 passing
through the plate of each cluster serves to hold them together and against the inner
side of the base plate. Iron projections ensure magnetic contact of all the points
of each arm with the base plate P.
The two magnet carriers are connected together by four brass stays and form the
frame of the machine; bridges are cast on the magnet carriers on which are fitted
the pedestals S, S', on which are the bearings of the driving shaft.
Outside the bronze magnet carrier on the driving shaft is a ring which contains
sixteen bobbins, each composed of about eighty plates or other number of soft iron,
about one-twenty-fifth of an inch thick (see Figs. 3 and 4), cut out so that each
bobbin contains in itself four separate small bobbins. The sixteen large bobbins
are fixed on to the bronze ring (see Fig. 4) by bolts passing through projections on
the ring. The sixty four small bobbins are covered with suitable wire. The wire
is left free where it enters and leaves each small bobbin to be connected to the
plates of the collector which is mounted on the boss of the ring (and forms part of
it). This combination has the advantage of allowing the ring and the collector to
be separated or changed without taking the machine to pieces. This machine
may be used for several purposes, such as lighting, electro-deposition, or motive
power.
The collector is composed of sixty four plates of copper insulated from each
other radiating from the boss of the ring. The inner end of each plate O (Fig. 4)
is wide and curved outward, and at one side fits in a recess formed in the boss of
the ring, and the curved portion of the other side is covered by a recessed collar a
fitted on the boss of the ring. I place leather between this collar and the plates,
and also between the recess in the boss of the ring and the plates, which is pressed

page_text: against and insulates them. Two nuts e are screwed on a thread on the end of
the boss of the ring to secure these parts. To each of the sixty four plates forming
the collector is soldered or fixed a small strip of copper, the free end of which is
soldered or fixed to the end of the wire that leaves one small bobbin and to the end
of the wire that enters the next small bobbin, all the small bobbins being thus
connected to the collector.
The inductors of the machine are made of two clusters of permanent horse shoe
magnets, the four poles of which form an almost complete circle. There are four
rubbers (or contact makers) fitted on studs c on an adjustable annular frame T
connected to the brackets Ŕ fixed to the magnet carrier P¹. These rubbers traverse
the insulated sockets of the collector and are pressed by springs or otherwise to the
collector. The adjustable frame which carries them allows them to be placed in
nny position or even reversed, thus allowing the machine to revolve in either
direction when used as a motor. .
Having stated the nature of this Invention and described the manner of
performing the same,
I declare that I claim.
-
1. The general combination and arrangement of the parts forming the improved
magneto-electric machine herein described and shown.
2. The use of permanent magnets with a base plate or magnetic yoke of wrought
or cast iron, and their application to dynamo and magneto electric machines, as
herein described and shown.
-3.-The-improved-collector-constructed_and_mounted as herein described and
shown