IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, of the Firm of
Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES."-A communication from abroad
by Louis Miroude-Pichard, of Rouen, France.
Sealed the 23rd June 1868, and dated the 28th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Clinton Edgcumbe
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th January 1808.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce the automatic extin-
guishing of candles before they have burnt down to the end, and the
Invention consists in providing in the candle itself the means for
extinguishing it. Several modes may be adopted for carrying out this
Invention.

page_text: First. At the time of moulding or during or after the moulding of
the candle it receives at its lower part an end piece composed of
plaster or other bad conductor of the heat and light. This end forms
part of the candle, completing the end thereof; when the candle
burns down to this incombustible end it goes out. The wick may
be carried the whole length of the candle or stop at the incombustible
end. This end may be rendered adherent to the other part of the
candle by being made beforehand in the form of a full or hollow
cylinder of the same diameter as the candle, and by being applied to
the candle while the latter is still soft or melted, or by running an
incombustible material into the candle mould itself.
Secondly. An incombustible end may be made of a smaller diameter
than the candle, and be surrounded with the tallow or composition in
the mould.
Thirdly. Instead of the incombustible end the wick may be shortened
so as not to reach to the bottom of the candle. This shortened wick
may if desired have a wire or a piece of other incombustible material
attached thereto. The candle will go out when it has burnt down
to the end of the wick.
Fourthly. The wick may be carried the whole length of the candle,
but be previously impregnated or coated at the point at which it is
desired the candle should go out with an incombustible chemical
substance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CLINTON
EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, Her

page_text: "
special licence that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Louis Miroude-Pichard, of
Rouen, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to produce the automatic extin-
guishing of candles before they have burnt down to the end, and
the Invention consists in providing in the candle itself the means
for extinguishing it. Several modes may be adopted for carrying out
this Invention.
First. At the time of moulding or during or after the moulding
of the candle it receives at its lower part an end piece composed of
plaster or other bad conducter of the heat and flame. This end forms
part of the candle, completing the length thereof, and being connected
thereto in any convenient manner; when the candle burns down to
this incombustible end it goes out. The wick may be carried the
whole length of the candle or stop at the incombustible end; this
end may be rendered adherent to the other part of the candle by
being made beforehand in the form of a full or hollow cylinder of
the same diameter as the candle, and by being applied to the candle.

page_text: while the latter is still soft or melted so that the candle sticks
thereto, or by being fixed to the candle by glue or an adhesive matter.
· Secondly. An incombustible end may be made of a smaller diameter
than the candle and be forced or pushed in as soon as the tallow or
composition is run into the mould.
Thirdly. Instead of the incombustible end the wick may be shortened
so as not to reach to the bottom of the candle; this shortened wick
may if desired have a wire or a piece of other incombustible material
attached thereto. The candle will go out when it has burnt down
to the end of the wick.
Fourthly. The wick may be carried the whole length of the candle,
but be previously impregnated or coated at the point at which it is
desired the candle should go out with an incombustible chemical
substance or a substance which will render that part of the wick
incombustible.
The accompanying Drawings represent several modes of carrying
out this Invention.
Figure 1 shows a candle a, the bottom or lower end 6 of which is
made of incombustible material; this bottom or end b is shown
separately in Figures 2 and 3; it is a cylinder, say of clay, which
may be applied in the mould to the candle when just moulded in
order to produce adherence. The wick c does not extend into the
end piece b.
Figure 4 shows a candle a, into the bottom of which when in the
mould and at the time of moulding a cylinder 6' of smaller diameter 2
than the candle is pushed; this incombustible end is not visible on
the exterior.
Figure 5 is a section of this candle through the line 1, 2, of
Figure 4. The ordinary wick c is continued from the upper end of
the piece b' by an iron wire c' which terminates at the bottom.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of a candle in which the wick c
is shortened and carries a metal disc e, which causes the extinction
of the light.
8
Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a candle in which the lower
part of the wick is impregnated or coated with an incombustible a
chemical material.

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim
as the "Improvements in the Manufacture of Candles,"
First. Manufacturing self-extinguishing candles, substantially in the
manner herein-before described.
Second. The several modes, each and all of them, herein-before
described of producing the extinction of the light when the candle
has burnt down to a certain point.
In witness whereof, I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of
July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
C. E. BROOMAN. (L.S.)