IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR REFRIGERATING OR COOLING AND REGULATING THE TEMPERA- TURE IN WORTS AND BEER, WHICH MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED AS CONDENSERS IN DISTILLING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Harris, of Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUSES FOR REFRIGERATING OR COOLING AND REGULATING THE TEMPERA-
TURE IN WORTS AND BEER, WHICH MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED AS CONDENSERS IN
DISTILLING."
Sealed the 21st July 1857, and dated the 21st January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1857.
I, THOMAS HARRIS, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, Con-
sulting Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR REFRIGERATING OR COOLING AND REGULATING
THE TEMPERATURE IN WORTS AND BEER, WHICH MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED AS CON-
DENSERS IN DISTILLING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting in a suitable vat or cistern series of pipes
or chambers with division plates, so as to establish two separate and distinct
ascending and descending passages or ways through the cistern, one being for
the reception and passage of the wort or beer entering at one end of the
cistern and passing through and out of it, and the other for cold or hot water,.
steam, or heated air, according to the operation required, entering at the
opposite end and passing through and out of the cistern. The cistern being

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Harris in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st July 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
HARRIS, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Brewer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Harris, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Harris, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Harris, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUSES FOR REFRIGERATING OR COOLING AND REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE
IN WORTS AND BEER, WHICH MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED AS CONDENSERS IN DISTILLING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Harris, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Harris, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:

page_text: My Invention consists in employing a suitable cistern or vessel comprising
or composed of a series of chambers with division plates, so as to establish
two separate and distinct ascending and descending passages or ways through
the cistern, one being for the reception and passage of the wort or other.
liquid entering at one end of the cistern and passing through and out of it, and
the other for cold or hot water, steam,. or heated air, according to the operation
required, entering at the opposite end and passing through and out of the
cistern. The cistern being open at top, the whole of the liquid is exposed to
the atmosphere during its passage through it; or, if desirable, a cover to
enclose it from the atmosphere may be applied.
For the condensation of spirits cold water only must be made to flow.
through one passage way, while the spirits flowing through the other passage
will become condensed.
For heating liquids steam or heated air must take the place of the cold
water, just mentioned, and the liquids to be heated the place of the spirits.
The manner in which I carry my Invention into effect is shewn in the
accompanying Drawings, where Figure 1 is a side elevation of one of the appa-
ratuses fitted inside a cistern, the side of which is removed in order to shew
the apparatus clearly; Figure 2 is a plan of the apparatus shewn in Figure 1.,
a, a, are metal vessels or chambers, united throughout the series by boxes b, b,
the whole forming a continuous way for liquid or the cooling or heating
medium, according to the operation required. The spaces c, c, between the
vessels a, a, are for holding the wort or other liquid to be cooled or attem-
perated, and the vessels a, a, are so constructed that the wort or other liquid
travels down one side and up the opposite side of every one in the series, thus
coming in contact with a very extensive surface contained in a comparatively
small space. To prevent the water forming in its passage a natural current
without fully effecting the purpose for which it is used, I place the boxes alter-
nately at top and bottom, thus compelling the water to pass obliquely therein.
The vessels are formed of metal, and I prefer to make them of tinned copper on
the surfaces, with which the wort or liquid to be attemperated comes in contact,
and in order to increase the surface as much as possible I sometimes make it
corrugated. Believing that it is advantageous to cool the worts exposed to
the action of the atmosphere, I prefer using no cover to the apparatus, in order
that the whole of the worts passing through it may be exposed to the atmos
phere every time that they rise and pass over the top of the short arms of the
vessels a, a.
The parts colored brown are intended to represent the worts
which flow in at d and out at e, while the cold water or other attemperating
Jiquid enters at the opposite end of the apparatus at f, flows through it in a

page_text: contrary direction to the worts, and escapes at g. h is a tap for draining off
the worts in order to empty the apparatus.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of another form of apparatus slightly
modified from that just described. a, a, and b, b, are respectively the cooling
or attemperating liquid vessels and the chambers for the passage of the wort
or other liquid to be cooled or attemperated. Division plates c, c, and d, d, are
inserted in both ways or passages over which the cooling or attemperating
liquid is caused to pass in the cooling or attemperating liquid way, and under
which the worts or other liquid to be attemperated passes in the contrary
direction. If the plates c, c, are fixed to the bottom e of the cistern, then by
simply unscrewing the bolts f,f, the whole of these plates can be removed
with it from the cistern for the purpose of cleaning or otherwise. The plates.
d, d, slide in grooves in the sides of the cistern.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the constructing
of apparatuses for refrigerating or cooling and regulating the temperature in
worts and beer with two sets of separate ways for the fluids through the same,
in the manner herein-before described; and I also claim the employment of
these apparatuses when fitted with covers as condensers in distilling.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Harris, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
THOMAS HARRIS. (L.S.)