Improvements in Rotary Fluid Pressure Engines or Pumps,
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Rotary Fluid Pressure Engines or Pumps,
We, ANTON FINDENIGG, of Vienna, Austria, IV. Weyringergasse 30, Engineer,
GIULIO SILVESTRI, of Vienna, IV. Louisengasse 10, Engineer, and JULIUS, SCHWARZ,
of Vienna, I. Fleischmarkt G, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the construction of a rotary fluid pressure engine or
pump in such a manner that the piston is quite balanced in respect of end pressure
and that the working surfaces can be rendered fluid tight notwithstanding wear as.
we shall describe referring to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a transverse section.
:
Figure 2 is a horizontal section and Figures 3 and 4 are side views on a reduced
scale of a rotary engine according to this invention.
Figures 5 and 6 are cross sections on the lines x-x and y-y on Figure 2
respectively.
:
Figures 7, 8 and 9 are sections, like Figure 6 shewing the valve in different
positions.
Figure 10 is in elevation, Figure 11 a section, and Figure 12 a development of the
valve plug...
.
6 is the rotating piston, of conical form fitted in a conical casing a, so that the
piston can be adjusted to fit fluid tight in the cylinder notwithstanding wear.
The piston 6 has in its periphery three annular channels B₁ 61 6¹ of trapezoidal
section and of such size and form that they effect complete balance of pressure on
the piston in the following manner.
The sum of the projection-surfaces of both lateral channels 61 and 6¹ (which
must however not have the same area) is equal to the projection-surface of, the
middle channel B₁, and the resultant of the pressure in the two lateral channels is in
line with and equal to the resultant of the pressures in the middle channel, but
in the opposite direction, which results from the fact that in the middle channel B¹
the steain enters on the side opposite that on which it enters the two channels b
and b. Only one of the 4 sides of each channel has to be tightened, and this is easy
as the piston has a conical form.
Each of these three annular channels is interrupted at two diametrically opposite
points by slides D and d d which are guided in radial slots of the piston and are
urged outwards by springs. In the channels B₁ 61 and 6¹ engage segments C and cc
fixed on the interior surface of a. These segments separate the steam-supply-side
from the exhaust side of the channels.
The large segment C engaging in the middle channel B¹ is exactly opposite to the
two other segments cc which engage in the smaller channels 6' 6' so that the steam acts
on opposite sides and on each side with the same force on the piston slides D d d. The
segment C has through it two passages C and C2 and each segment c has two

page_text: passages c and c from cuanners
emission of exhaust.
Instead of forming the channels H' H2 and h¹ h² in the body of a, they might be
pipes. The position of the channels h¹ h² is shewn in Figure 3 and that of H₁ H² in
Figure 4.
Either channel is used for steam or exhaust, according as the engine is to
be driven forward or backward.
The cylinder a is closed on both ends by hollow covers g and g¹ with passages g² g³.
The one cover g receives the fresh steam from H¹ to supply the distributing-
mechanism, the other cover g¹, exhaust-steam. The cover g communicates with a
steam pipe e and g¹ with an exhaust pipe gt.
The tightening against leakage of the segments Ccc and the slides D d d in the
channels B¹ 61 61 is effected by providing each of the segments in the middle' with an
inner and outer recess having between them metal C5 and c c embraced by a
strap N, n n of yielding metal, preferably copper fitting the cross section of the
chanuel B1 61 61. The opposite bent edges of each strap, extend beyond the
metal C5 c5c5 and terminate in slopes. Two wedges N¹ n¹ engaging over these
oblique edges are urged apart by a spring f.
When wear takes place the wedges N₁ n¹ being pressed along the sloping ends
of the strap secure tightness against leakage along the interior surfaces of a.
The action of the motor is as follows.
The steam admitted to the cover g and thence to the channels H¹ and h¹ h¹ and the
openings C¹ and c¹ c¹ behind one of the slides D d d propels the slides along with
piston b through half a revolution, then the second slide D d d coming in front of the
steam inlet is propelled and the action is repeated. The inward motion of the
slides D d d is effected by the segments the outward motion is effected-mainly―by
the springs but also by centrifugal force and partly by steam-pressure.
Each
slide D d d preferably has an opening through which steam can escape as the slide is
moved inwards and through which steam can enter behind the slide to aid in urging
it outwards. In order to avoid shock in moving the slides, it is preferred to make
the face of the segments C c c not circular, but parabolic.
In order to effect reversal the steam supply is governed by a four-way cock p
(shewn in dotted lines in Figures 1 and 2), which being partly turned makes H² ²
serve for inlet of steam and H¹ h¹ for the exhaust.
There may be a greater or less number of channels B1 61 61 but the resultants of
the pressures should be equal and opposite so as to balance the pressure on the
piston b.
In order to vary the expansion or to reverse or stop the engine an expansion
cock is provided consisting of the casing K which forms part of the cover g, in which
casing rotates the plug K mounted upon the engine shaft. The plug has a circum-
ferential groove k¹ communicating by openings ²² with an annular space k³
surrounding the shaft i and extending nearly throughout the plug k, so that the
steam admitted through ate can pass through the annular channel k¹, and openings k
into the annular channel whence it is distributed by the two diametrically opposite
. slots into the channels e¹ and e³ to pass to the segments C c c.
Owing to the symmetrical arrangement of the channels ¹ and ³ and openings k² k²,
the plug is balanced in respect of pressure.
The plug ke is enclosed in an expansion mantle made in two parts M' M², as shewn in
Figures 10, 11 and 12. Each part consists of a solid annular part M2 M2 and of two
diametrically opposite projections m¹ m¹ and m² m². The spaces between these
projections are such that by turning both parts M¹ and M² towards each other two
openings each 1200 of the circumference, or four openings together of 240°, are
formed. The spaces may be greater or less but the two opposite projections of each
part must be symmetrical.
One of the mantle pieces, M¹, is also provided with a slot m³ for the steam inlet.
One of the mantle parts M¹ or M² is always fixed, by turning the other part the
expansion may be varied.
In Figures 6 and 7 are shewn positions of the expansion-mantle for forward motion.

page_text: The mantle part M¹ being fixed, the part M² (of which in Figures 6 and 7 only the
projections.m² m² are seen) is adjusted for the desired expansion, and then fixed by
any known device.
When the engine is to be reversed, the part M¹ is fixed in the position shewn in
Figures 8 and 9 and the part M2 is adjusted for the desired expansion, and
also fixed.
The apparatus may be used as a motor or when the piston 6 is caused to rotate by
extraneous power, it may be used as a pump.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A rotary fluid pressure engine or pump constructed and operating substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. In an engine or pump such as is above referred to, the use of a conical casing
and piston, the latter provided with annular channels so formed and proportioned as
to balance pressure on the piston, substantially as described.
3. In combination with the annular channels of the pistons, parabolic segments
arranged to act on the spring slides of the piston, and provided with packings, which
are expanded by springs to fit the channels, substantially as described.
4. In combination with the engine when used with steam or other elastic fluid, a
valve for varying expansion arranged and operating substantially as described.
Dated this 29th day of December 1897.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.