IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINT BRUSHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1880.
EDWARD WRIGHT, of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln, Architect.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINT BRUSHES."
My Invention, relating to paint brushes, has for its object effecting economy in
the cost of their manufacture, rendering the brushes more durable, and facilitating
the renewal of the bristles when worn out.
In carrying out my Invention in order to effect those objects I rivet or otherwise
attach to the handle a stock or socket, which may be composed of either wood or
metal, and is split or divided for a portion of its length so as to be capable of
expansion and contraction. The knot of bristles, having its end properly cemented,
is introduced into this stock or socket when in its expanded condition, an elastic
band being placed around the bristles at the portion of their length corresponding
to the rear end of the stock or socket, so that such band shall be surrounded by the
latter. A loose ferrule is then passed over the stock or socket from the handle end
until it abuts against a flange or shoulder formed at or near the outer end of the
stock or socket, whereby the latter is contracted and caused to press upon the knot
of bristles, and secure the same firmly in its place.
By means of this arrangement facility is afforded for adjusting the position of the
knot of bristles in the stock or socket so as to compensate for wear; and when the
bristles become too short for use in a brush of an ordinary size they may be renewed,
and the old bristles may be utilized in the manufacture of the smaller class of
brushes, known as sash tools.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Wright in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
October 1880.
EDWARD WRIGHT, of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln, Architect.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINT BRUSHES."
My said Invention, relating to paint brushes, has for its object effecting economy
in the cost of their manufacture, rendering the brushes more durable, and facilitating
the renewal of the bristles when worn out.
In carrying out my said Invention in order to effect those objects I form on,
or rivet, or otherwise attach to the handle a stock or socket, which may be composed
of either wood or metal, and is split or divided for a portion of its length so as to be
capable of expansion and contraction.
The knot of bristles, having its end properly cemented, is introduced into the
stock or socket when in its expanded condition, an elastic band being placed around
the bristles at the portion of their length corresponding to the rear end of the stock
or socket, so that such band shall be surrounded by the latter.
A loose ferrule is then passed over the stock or socket from the handle end until
it abuts against a flange shoulder projection or projections formed at or near the
outer end of the stock or socket, whereby the latter is contracted and caused to
press upon the knot of bristles, and secure the same firmly in its place.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several
Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a side elevation of a brush of
the description known as ground brushes constructed according to my said Inven-
tion Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the same, showing the parts detached
and in the act of being put together so as to form a complete brush, shewn in
Figure 1.
Figure 3 illustrates in elevation the application of the Invention to distemper
brushes.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A is a stock or socket, which may be composed
either of metal, as shewn, or of wood, and be either rivetted or otherwise attached
to the handle B of the brush or formed thereon, according to circumstances. This
stock or socket is split or divided for a portion of its length, as shewn at a, a, so as
to be capable of expansion and contraction. When in its expanded condition, as
shewn in Figure 2, it is ready for the reception of the knot of bristles C, the end of
which has been properly cemented or otherwise secured, and after the introduction
of the knot of bristles C into the stock or socket A, a ferrule D is passed over the
stock or socket from the handle end until it abuts against the projections or flange
segments b, b, formed on the stock or socket (this position of the parts being indi-
cated in Figure 1), whereby the stock or socket is contracted and caused to press
upon the knot of bristles C, and secure the same firmly in its place.
The knot of bristles is made up with a core c of cork or other suitable materials,
which may be either of a conical shape, as shewn, or of a cylindrical or other form
if preferred, the bristles being either cemented round the core in a body, or spirally
bound round the same with narrow tape or twine. By these means the knot is
rendered completely secure, whilst by cutting the core to a suitable form, so as to
assist its expansion, it will be caused to press the bristles to the sides of the stock
or socket, and thus prevent the paint from obtaining access to the interior of the
stock or socket. Before the knot of bristles C is introduced into the stock or
socket A an elastic band d is placed around the bristles at the portion of their
length corresponding to the rear end e of the stock or socket, so that when the

page_text: brush is made up the said band becomes interposed between the bristles and the
contracted extremity e of the stock or socket, and the bristles are tightly held in
their place, the contracted form of the end e of the stock or socket contributing
moreover to this result.
By means of the said Invention facility is afforded for adjusting the position of
the knot of bristles in the stock or socket so as to compensate for wear; and when
the bristles become too short for use in a brush of an ordinary size they may be
renewed, and the old bristles may be utilized in the manufacture of the smaller class
of brushes, known as sash tools.
The Invention is also applicable to distemper brushes, an example of which is
shewn in Figure 3, the several knots C of bristles being separately secured in split
or divided stocks or sockets A by ferrules D in the manner hereinbefore described
with reference to the ground brush, Figures 1 and 2, and the whole of the stocks or
sockets A being attached to a common handle E.
The ferrule may be formed with sockets arranged at intervals around its peri-
phery for the reception of the extremities of the wires of a skeleton wire guard,
which is intended to be placed in the brush so as to enclose the bristles when the
brush is not in use, the object of the guard being to prevent the end of the bristles
from coming into contact with the bottom of the vessel containing water, into which
the brush may be placed when out of use, and thereby to avoid the injury to the
brush, which frequently occurs from that cause.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
The combination in a paint brush of a split or divided stock or socket and a
sliding ferrule, the same being constructed and arranged and combined together
and with the other parts of the brush, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described, and as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Wright, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
EDWARD WRIGHT. (L.S.)