IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MIXING, BEATING, AND KNEADING DOUGH
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Turnbull, junior, and John MacDonald, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MIXING, BEATING, AND KNEADING
DOUGH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Turnbull and John
MacDonald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March
1880.
JOHN TURNBULL, junior, and JOHN MACDONALD, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MIXING,
BEATING, AND KNEADING DOUGH."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of machines
for mixing, beating, and kneading dough for the manufacture of bread, of the class
in which a horizontal tilting or oscillating trough or vessel fitted with revolving
knives is employed for beating or working the dough; and these improvements are
specially designed to simplify and lessen the the cost of such machines, and to render
them more efficient in their action by so arranging and constructing them and their
cutting, beating, or mixing knives that the dough will be more equally and
completely kneaded with less expenditure of time and power than heretofore.
In machines of the kind referred to hitherto in use the horizontal tilting trough
or vessel containing the dough to be treated has been made semi-cylindrical or
somewhat U shaped in cross section of the same breadth and depth from end to
end, with the disadvantage that the dough in being worked is partly kept towards
cach end beyond the reach of the cutting knives, and portions of it are consequently
imperfectly mixed and kneaded, and the action of the revolving knives is also
impeded. By an important improvement of the present Invention these defects
are overcome by making the trough, vessel, or case in which the dough is treated
somewhat broader and deeper in the centre than at the ends, to be of double conical
or barrel shape in plan, so that the dough under treatment tends to fall towards the
deeper central part, and the revolving knives being formed to suit the shape of the
vessel the dough is equally acted on throughout. By a further improvement
cutting, beating, or mixing knives are made in the form of open rectangular
revolving frames with longitudinal and transverse edge blades shaped to the

page_text: contour of the containing trough, and formed on or fitted to central arms, plates,
or discs keyed or fixed on short spindles passing out one at each end through the
gudgeons which carry the tilting dough trough, and which spindles are fitted with
spur wheels gearing into pinions on a counter shaft driven either directly by a
motive power engine or by belting from a motive power shaft. These revolving
cutting knife frames, which may be two, three, or more in number, disposed radially
round their revolving axis, are set or fixed on their end dises or arms at different
distances from the centre, so that in revolving separate portions or annular layers
of the dough are acted on by each knife frame in succession; and the dough is
thoroughly and uniformly mixed and kneaded by this differential action of the
knives. The dough trough or case is carried by gudgeons at the ends, supported in
journal bearings in strong side frames or standards which also carry the bearings of
the driving shaft so as to be free to oscillato on these gudgeons as a centre; and a
toothed screw wheel segment is fixed or formed on the outer edge of the dough.
trough, preferably at or near the centre of its length, into which a screw or worin
gears, actuated either direct or through bevil or spur gearing by a hand wheel for
the purpose of tilting over the trough when its contents are to be taken out, and
also having the advantage of retaining it in any desired position from turning or
tilting while the cutting, mixing, or kneading blades are revolved within it.
pinion or driving shaft for actuating the revolving kneading blades is preferably,
for simplicity, actuated by a fast and loose pulley on it driven by a belt from any
adjacent overhead or other motive shaft, but although spur gearing has been
described as used, bevil or other arrangements of driving gear may obviously bo
employed for this purposes.
Tho
The essential novelty or improvements of the Invention consist in making the
under half or segment of the tilting trough or vessel barrel shaped, as also the
revolving frames or blades of a corresponding shape and of various radial lengths
on a single revolving axis.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent filed
by the said John Turnbull and John MacDonald in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd September 1880.
"
JOHN TURNBULL, junior, and JOHN MACDONALD, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MIXING,
BEATING, AND KNEADING DOUGH."
Our said Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
machines for mixing, beating, and kneading dough for the manufacture of bread, of
the class in which a horizontal tilting or oscillating trough or vessel, fitted with
revolving knives, is employed for beating or working dough; and these improve-
ments are specially designed to simplify and lessen the cost of such machines, and
to rendor thein more efficient in their action, by so arranging and constructing

page_text: them or their cases, and cutting, beating, or mixing knives, that the dough will be
moro equally and completely kneaded, with less expenditure of time and power
than heretofore.
In machines of the kind referred to hitherto in use, the horizontal tilting trough
or vessel containing the dough to be treated has been made semi-cylindrical or
Somewhat U shaped in cross section, of the same breadth and depth from end to
end, with the disadvantage that the dough in being worked is partly kept towards
each end beyond the reach or proper action of the cutting knives, and portions of it
are consequently imperfectly mixed and knended, and the action of the revolving
knives is also impeded, which defects are overcome by the improvements of our
machine and new construction of the case and knives or mixers.
And in order that the nature, novelty, and mode of performing or putting our
said Invention into effect or practice may be properly understood, we shall now
proceed to describe the several Figures on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
which we have hereunto appended for that purpose, the same reference letters and
numerals indicating the saine parts in all the Figures where these are shown.
Figures 1 and 2 are a front and end elevation, and Figures 3 and 4 are
corresponding horizontal and transverse sections taken near the lines 1-1 and
2-2 in Figures 1, 2, 3, all corresponding to each other, of one modification or
general arrangement and combination of the parts of a dough mixing, beating, and
kneading machine, constructed in accordance with and illustrativo of our said
Invention and its improvements.
Referring to these Figures 1 to 4, one important improvement of our Invention
consists in making the trough, vessel, or case A, A', in which the dough is mixed
and treated, somewhat broader and deeper in the centre at A', A', than at the
ends A, A, to be of double conical or barrel shape in plan, Figure 2, so that the
dough under treatment tends to fall or move from the ends A, A, towards the
deeper central part A' below by the revolving action of the knives B, B¹, b, b',
which are formed to correspond or suit this new shape of the vessel A, A¹, and thus
the dough is more equally acted on throughout.
By a further improvement the cutting, beating, or mixing knives are made in
the form of open rectangular revolving frames B, B', with longitudinal and
transverse edge blades b, b, shaped to the contour of the containing trough A, A',
as seen particularly in Figures 3 and 4, and formed on or fitted to end centres,
with radial arms, plates, or it might be discs c, c', keyed or otherwise fixed on short
spindles C, C, one at each end, passed out through the hollow gudgeons A², A²,
which carry the tilting dough trough or case A, A', by bush bearings in the upper
ends of strong side frames or standards D, D', carrying the whole. Each spindle C
is fitted with a spur wheel E gearing into a corresponding pinion E' secured on the
counter or main driving shaft F, carried in bush bearings D" in the lower part of
the end frames D, D¹, at one side, and driven by a belt passed over the fast and
loose pulleys G, G¹, at one end, from any convenient or special motive power shaft;
or it might be directly by a small motive power engine for the purpose. These
revolving cutting knife frames B, B₁, b, b¹, which may be two, three, or more in
number, disposed radially round their revolving axes C, c, are set or fixed on their
end discs or arms c, c, preferably at different distances from the centre C, C, as
seen particularly in Figure 4, so that in revolving separate portions or annular
layers of the dough are acted on by each frame of knives B, B', b, b', in succession,
so that the dough is thoroughly and uniformly mixed and kneaded by this
differential action of the knives. The dough trough or case A, A', is carried much
in a usual manner by its hollow gudgeons A2, A2, at the ends, supported in journal
bush bearings d, d, in strong side frames or standards D screwed by broad basement
flanges D' to any suitable foundation (which also carry the bearings D₁ of the
driving shaft F), so as to be free to oscillate on these gudgeons A2, A², as a centre,
to empty out the dough when finished. A hand wheel shaft H, E', is mounted in
bearing brackets on one end frame D, with a screw or worm I on its inner end,
gearing into a screw wheel I' secured on one end of a short hollow shaft I" mounted

page_text: loose on the driving shaft as a centre, and having a spur pinion J on its other
end gearing into a corresponding toothed segment J screwed on the lower outside
large central part A' of the dough trough or case A, A1, for the purpose of tilting it
over when its contents are to be taken out, and also having the advantage of
retaining it in any desired position from turning or tilting, while the cutting,
mixing, or kneading blades B, B', b, b', are revolved within it. The trough A, A³,
is preferably fitted with a seginental cover A¹¹ over the back part, while the front
top part is left open at A³ for filling in the flour and water, or other ingredients to
be mixed, as usual from above, and also for tilting out the finished dough when
mixed. The pinion driving shaft F for actuating the revolving kneading blades
B, B, b, b, is preferably, for simplicity, actuated by fast and loose pulleys G, G', on
it, driven by a belt from any adjacent overhead or other motive shaft, and although
spur gearing E, EL, has been shown as used, bevil or other arrangements of driving
gear might obviously be employed for driving the shaft F, or axes C, C, from any
adjacent revolving shaft. And when the machines are made of small sizes, thoy
might be driven by hand through crank handles on a counter shaft as F, which in
this case would be mounted in bearings higher up on the frames D, D¹. Other
arrangements of gearing might also be employed for tilting the trough A, A¹, for
emptying out the dough when finished, such as by making the screw I work direct
into a screw segmental wheel on the one end of the trough.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and mode and means of
performing or putting it into effect or practice, wo would observe that we do not
restrict or confine ourselves to the precise details of construction or arrangement of
the parts of the machine wo have shown and described, neither on the other hand
do we desire to claim the inaking of a dough kneading or mixing machine with a
straight parallel, horizontal, segmental or U shaped trough or case, with revolving
longitudinal radial open frames of revolving mixing blades or knives, but what we
consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by
the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The general arrangement and combination of the parts of a dough kneading
or mixing and beating machine, with its mixing case or trough A, A', of a double or
reverse conical or barrel seginental shape, and its internal revolving longitudinal
radial frames B, B', of mixing blades b. 6, of a corresponding shape, all substantially
as and for the purposes herein described in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The making and use of machines for the mixing and kneading of dough,
having their mixing case or trough A, A1, of a double or reverse conical or barrel
segmental shape, with the internal revolving longitudinal radial frames B, B', of
mixing blades b, b, of a corresponding shape, substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Turnbull, junior, on behalf of myself and
the said John Macdonald, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty
first day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
Witness,
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, C.E.,
of W. R. M. Thomson, & Co.,
Patent Agents,
Glasgow.
JOHN TURNBULL, JR. (L.S.)