Improvements in Governors for Direct Acting Pumps Worked by Steam or Compressed Air.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 11th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Governors for Direct Acting Pumps Worked by
Steam or Compressed Air.
We TANGYES LIMITED of Cornwall Works Soho in the County of Stafford Engineers
and THOMAS MEACOCK of No. 2 Waverhill Road Handsworth in the County of
Stafford Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The said invention is particularly applicable to direct acting pumps used for
pumping direct into the cylinders of hydraulic presses cranes lifts hoists and other
hydraulic machinery. In pumping into an accumulator in connection with hydraulic
presses (or other hydraulic machinery) the duty of the pump is uniform but when
pumping direct into a hydraulic press (or other hydraulic machinery) the conditions
are different the pressure in the pump delivery main varying with the work being
effected by the hydraulic press. Hence the speed of the pump varies during the
stroke of the press ram thereby subjecting the pump to shocks.
In order to effectually regulate the speed of the pump and to avoid shocks to the
said pump we use a governor the parts of which are constructed arranged and act
substantially in the ways hereinafter described the putting into operation of the said
governor being effected through the water pressure in the pump delivery main so that
the quantity of steam (or compressed air) supplied to the motor cylinder of the pump
is dependent upon and regulated by the work being performed by the hydraulic press
or machine in connection with the pump.
The said governor consists essentially of a differentially weighted vertical plunger
or ram working in a cylinder the said plunger or ram being placed in communi-
cation with and acted upon by the pressure of the water in the pump delivery
main in such a manner as to cause the said plunger or ram when it is protruded
from its cylinder to lift in succession one or more weights around it according to
the pressure in the pump delivery main the said raised weight or weights on the
pressure in the pump delivery main becoming reduced descending and forcing back
into its cylinder the said plunger or ram. The governor plunger or ram is con-
nected to a throttle valve in the steam (or compressed air) supply main the said
throttle valve working in connection with a steam supply port to the cylinder the
passage of steam to the port being regulated according to the varying pressure in
the pump delivery main by the throttle valve partly opening or closing the said
steam port thereby keeping the said pump working under all stages and variation of
duty at a normal speed.
In order to provide for the shutting off of the steam (or compressed air) upon the
pressure in the pump delivery main becoming greater than the arranged maximum
working pressure an additional weight is provided for the governor ram or plunger to
raise so that the additional raising of the throttle valve completely closes the steam
port and cuts off the supply of steam and for the purpose of facilitating the working of
the pump at normal speed when the governor is at rest and there is no pressure in the
pump delivery main we provide a small coinmunicating aperture which may be made
adjustable between the water pressure supply main and the steam or motor cylinder or
cylinders. This small aperture may be conveniently made in the top of the throttle
valve when a sliding throttle valve is used.
The details of the governor may be varied for example the governor plunger or ram
the throttle valve and the series of weights may act in a direct line the series of weights
being arranged concentrically about the governor plunger or ram or the governor
plunger or ram and throttle valve only may act in a direct line and the connection of
the series of weights with the governor plunger or rain be effected by means of a lever
or levers or a cam or cams or Hexible cords or chains working over pulleys

page_text: In order to provide against leakage from the closed steam supply valve the governor
may be so constructed as to put the steam or motor cylinder or cylinders in communi-
cation with the exhaust pipe by means of an auxiliary port being uncovered by the
further protrusion of the governor plunger or ram by pressure in the pump delivery
main becoming above the maximum working pressure. The creeping action of the
pump is thus prevented and the bursting of some part of the system of delivery main
especially in cases where no relief valve is provided or if provided may be out of
adjustment is avoided.
The weights of the governor in their lowest positions are severally preferably sup-
ported upon stepped vertical guides in such a manner as to be kept apart from each
other the sum of the distances between the weights being equivalent to the full width
of the steam or motor pressure supply port plus the lap of the valve covering the same
so that as each weight is in succession lifted the said supply port is opened or un-
covered in proportion the supply of motor pressure being thus regulated in relation to
the pressure in the pump delivery main. As the pressure in the pump delivery main
gradually diminishes the weights descend in succession and rest on their supports the
motor pressure supply being gradually shut off from the motor cylinder or cylinders.
In place of sliding weights an endless flexible band or chain passing over pulleys
a portion of the said band or chain being weighted may be employed. The governor
plunger or ram is put in connection with the said weighted endless band or chain and
operates upon it in such a manner as to raise the weighted portion of it upon the
protrusion of the said governor plunger or ram.
To prevent the speed of the pump becoming accelerated by duty being taken off it
through scarcity of water in the suction tank or well we make a connection between
the said governor and a float in the suction tank either by means of jointed rods or
flexible chains or cords so that upon the level of the water in the suction tank or well
becoming low the descent of the float shuts off the steam or other motive pressure
supply through the medium of its connection with the governor throttle valve.
Dated this 21st day of December 1888.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Governors for Direct Acting Pumps Worked by
Steam or Compressed Air.
We, TANGYES LIMITED, of Cornwall Works, Soho, in the County of Stafford,
Engineers and THOMAS MEACOCK, of No. 2 Waverhill Road, Handsworth, in the
County of Stafford, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The said invention is particularly applicable to direct acting pumps used for
pumping direct into the cylinders of hydraulic presses, cranes, lifts hoists and other
hydraulic machinery. In pumping into an accumulator in connection with hydraulic
presses (or other hydraulic machinery) the duty of the pump is uniform, but when
pumping direct into a hydraulic press (or other hydraulic machinery) the conditions
are different, the pressure in the pump delivery main varying with the work being
effected by the hydraulic press. Hence the speed of the pump varies during the stroke
of the press ram thereby subjecting the pump to shocks.
In order to effectually regulate the speed of the pump and to avoid shocks to the
said pump we use a governor the parts of which are constructed arranged and act
substantially in the ways hereinafter described, the putting into operation of the said
governor being effected through the water pressure in the pump delivery main so that
the quality of steam (or compressed air) supplied to the motor cylinder of the pump
is dependent upon and regulated by the work being performed by the hydraulic press
or machine in connection with the pump.
The said governor consists essentially of a differentially weighted vertical plunger

page_text: or ram working in a cylinder, the said plunger or ram being placed in communication
with and acted upon by the pressure of the water in the pump delivery main in such
a manner as to cause the said plunger or ram when it is protruded from its cylinder to
lift in succession one or more weights around it according to the pressure in the pump
delivery main, the said raised weight or weights on the pressure in the pump delivery
main becoming reduced descending and forcing back into its cylinder the said plunger
or ram.
The governor plunger or ram is connected to a throttle valve in the steam (or com-
pressed air) supply main, the said throttle valve working in connection with a steam
supply port to the cylinder, the passage of steam to the port being regulated according
to the varying pressure in the pump delivery main by the throttle valve partly opening
or closing the said steam port, thereby keeping the said pump working under all stages
and variation of duty at a normal speed.
In order to provide for the shutting off of the steam (or compressed air) upon the
pressure in the pump delivery main becoming greater than the arranged maximum
working pressure, an additional weight is provided for the governor ram or plunger
to raise so that the additional raising of the throttle valve completely closes the steam
port and cuts off the supply of steam, and for the purpose of facilitating the working
of the pump at normal speed when the governor is at rest and there is no pressure in
the pump delivery main, we provide a small communicating aperture, which may be
made adjustable, between the steam pressure supply main and the steam or motor
cylinder or cylinders. This small aperture may be conveniently made in the top of
the throttle valve when a sliding throttle valve is used.
The details of the governor may be varied; for example the governor plunger or
ram, the throttle valve and the series of weights may act in a direct line, the series of
weights being arranged concentrically about the governor plunger or ram; or the
governor plunger or ram and throttle valve only may act in a direct line and the con-
nection of the series of weights with the governor plunger or ram be effected by means
of a lever or levers or a cam or cams or flexible cords or chains working over pulleys.
In order to provide against leakage from the closed steam supply valve the governor
may be so constructed as to put the steam or motor cylinder or cylinders in communi-
cation with the exhaust pipe by means of an auxiliary port being uncovered by the
further protrusion of the governor plunger or ram by pressure in the pump delivery
main becoming above the maximum working pressure. The creeping action of the
pump is thus prevented and the bursting of some part of the system of delivery main,
especially in cases where no relief valve is provided, or if provided may be out of
adjustment, is avoided.
The weights of the governor in their lowest positions are severally, preferably sup-
ported upon stepped vertical guides in such a manner as to be kept apart from each
other, the sum of the distances between the weights being equivalent to the full width
of the steam or motor pressure supply port plus the lap of the valve covering the same
so that as each weight is in succession lifted, the said supply port is opened or un-
covered in proportion, the supply of motor pressure being thus regulated in relation
to the pressure in the pump delivery main. As the pressure in the pump delivery
main gradually diminishes the weights descend in succession and rest on their sup-
ports, the motor pressure supply being gradually shut off from the motor cylinder or
cylinders.
In place of sliding weights an endless flexible band or chain passing over pulleys,
a portion of the said band or chain being weighted, may be employed. The governor
plunger or ram is put in connection with the said weighted endless band or chain and
operates upon it in such a manner as to raise the weighted portion of it upon the
protrusion of the said governor plunger or ram.
To prevent the speed of the pump becoming accelerated by duty being taken off it
through scarcity of water in the suction tank or well we make a connection between
the said governor and a float in the suction tank either by means of jointed rods or
flexible chains or cords so that upon the level of the water in the suction tank or well

page_text: becoming low, the descent of the float shuts off the steam or other motive pressure
supply through the medium of its connection with the governor throttle valve.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which the said invention is to be performed.
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent partly in vertical section, and partly in elevation, a
governor for a direct acting steam pump constructed according to this invention, the
parts of the governor being represented in the said Figures in the respective positions
which they occupy during various stages of the operation of the pump.
Figure 1 represents the parts of the governor when there is no pressure in the pump
delivery main. Figure represents the parts of the governor when the maximum
working pressure is attained in the pump delivery main. Figure 3 represents the
parts of the governor when pressure in the pump delivery main exceeds the arranged
maximum working pressure, and Figure 4 represents the governor acting as a
safety relief to prevent excessive pressures being reached.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 represent modified arrangements of the governor as herein
after particularly explained.
We will first describe the arrangement of governor represented in Figures 1, 2, 3
and 4, where the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
A (see Figure 1) is the operating plunger or ram working in the cylinder B,
the said cylinder being in communication with the pressure water in the pump
delivery main through the aperture C. The differential weights are marked D, E,
F, G, H, I, J, K L and M respectively and the stepped guides for supporting
the said weights at a short distance apart are marked N, N¹ and N". These stepped
guides are placed at angles of 120 degrees with each other at the peripheries of
the said weights. The weights are ring form and all are of the same diameter
but have three radial slots for taking upon the stepped guides, the slots in the
several weights being of the lengths necessary for the seating of them respectively
on their steps: O is the throttle or regulating valve controlled by the variation in
protrusion of the plunger A acting through the stem or spindle P to which the
said valve is connected: Q is the throttle valve casing; R is the supply port for
conveying the steam to the steam cylinder of the pump; S is the steam inlet pipe
from the source of supply; T is an auxiliary port communicating with the exhaust
pipe or main U is the concentric passage formed in the throttle valve O for
putting the steam supply port R into communication with the auxiliary exhaust
port T when the said passage U is, by the lifting of the said throttle valve, brought
opposite the said exhaust port T.
;
The steam supply aperture or port in the throttle valve is marked V and the small
steam supply communicating aperture is marked W.
The plunger A is packed with a joint ring ✗ and the leakage of steam at the
spindle P is prevented by the packing Y formed in the throttle valve casing cover Z.
The action of the parts of the governor is as follows
When there is no pressure or only a slight pressure in the pump delivery main the
differential weights D, E and others are at rest on the stepped guides N, N¹ and N¹
as shown in Figure 1 where it will be seen that the supply port R is closed by the
throttle valve with the exception of the small steam communicating aperture W
which may be adjusted to supply sufficient steam to work the pump at the normal
speed without any appreciable pressure being produced in the pump supply main.
This condition of the pump is of the first importance in such a case as charging an
empty press or lift cylinder. Upon the pressure increasing in the pump delivery
main the bottom weight D of the series is raised by the flanged bottom A² of the
plunger A; the throttle valve is also raised and more steam thereby admitted through
the supply port R and the respective weights E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L are raised
in succession in the same manner from off their stepped supports as the pressure
in the pump delivery main increases until the maximum working pressure is attained
when the full supply of steam is admitted to the supply port R by the latter
becoming opened fully by the aperture V in the throttle valve being raised opposite

page_text: the said port R as represented in Figure 2, thus facilitating the pump working at
normal speed for full duty of the same. Upon the pressure in the pump delivery main
exceeding the maximum working pressure, the top weight M is raised by the further
protrusion of the plunger A until the supply port R is quite closed or covered by
the throttle valve O as shewn in Figure 3. In case of the pump creeping or
working slowly by leakage of steam past the closed supply port R Figure 3, the
plunger A will be still further protruded until the concentric exhaust passage U in
the valve O is brought into communication with the auxiliary' port T as represented
in Figure 4.
This last arrangement of the parts puts the pump steam cylinder or cylinders in
communication with the exhaust thus preventing bursting of or injury to the parts of
the pump by excessive pressure being produced in the pump delivery main. Upon
the pressure in the pump delivery main being relieved the weights fall by gravitation
until they assume the positions herein before described and represented with respect
to Figure 1, taking with them the throttle valve O.
Figure 5 represents partly in vertical section and partly in elevation a modified
arrangement of the parts of the improved governor and Figure 6 is a plan partly in
horizontal section of the same. Figure 7 represents the guide bracket separately.
In this modified governor the differential weights are situated and work out of the
vertical line of the governor ram or plunger and the connection between the governor
ram or plunger and the said differential weights is effected through the medium of a
lever. In this arrangement the ram or plunger, which is inverted, is marked A and
the lever by which the said ram is connected to the weights is marked A¹ and is jointed
to the guide bracket H¹ of the weights. The said weights are supported on the stepped
guide B¹ which is attached to the base of the throttle valve casing Q. The stepped
guide B¹ receives the guide bracket H', shown separately in Figure 7.
A shut off valve C₁ is provided in the throttle valve casing Q. The action of the
governor shown in Figures 5 and 6 is similar to that of the governor represented in
Figures 1, 2 3 and 4 and corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of
reference, but the exhaust communicating passage and port for putting the cylinders
to the exhaust are omitted, as in place of the said passage and port we sometimes prefer
to provide a relief valve in the pump delivery main for attaining the object herein
before pointed out. The weights in this modification consist of hollow trays (see the
sectional view of the weight E Figure 5) charged with lead or other heavy material.
This method of construction facilitates their adjustment.
Figure 8 represents in vertical section another lever arrangement in which the
weights rest upon concentric ring steps K' and the throttle valve O is provided with
double apertures or ports V, V₁, thus reducing the travel of the valve to give the full
supply of steam through the supply port R. The other parts and the action of this
governor are the same as those of the governor last described and corresponding parts
are marked with the same letters of reference.
Figure 9 represents a double plunger arrangement applicable to pumps having two
working pressures in the common delivery main. For example pumps are sometimes
made for pressures in the delivery main of say 1000 and 4000 lbs. per square inch
respectively, the pair or more pump rams working together for pressures up to 1000 lbs.
per square inch. When however this last named pressure is reached one or more of
the pump rams become automatically tripped, leaving the remaining pump rams or
rams to work up to 4000 lbs. per square inch. Under these circumstances a communi-
cation through the pipe D' is made from the delivery main of 1000 lbs. per square
inch with the plunger A" and a similar communication is made through the pipe E¹
with the plunger A₁ from the common main.
When the pressure in the common main does not exceed 1000 lbs. per square inch
it acts upon both plungers A1 and A but when the pressure exceeds this, the con-
nection of the common main is closed with the 1000 lb. pump delivery, then the
pressure acting on the plunger A¹¹¹ only, regulates up to 4000 lbs.
In connection with the arrangement represented in Figure 9 we show a modified

page_text: system of weights in place of the series of weights resting on stopped guides as herein
before described.
In this arrangement the weights D, E, F, G, H, I, J, M are formed in the endless
chain or band F¹ which is connected to the ram or plunger of the governor by the
lever A¹.
These weights act on or take into depressions in the periphery of the bottom roller G'
of the endless chain or band and through the lever A¹ the protrusion of the
plungers A and A¹ raises the said weights in succession as before described; P is
the stem or spindle for attaching the bottom of the plunger or plungers to a throttle
valve of the kind shown in Figure 8.
Other methods of connection between the series of weights and operating plunger
or plungers of the governor may be adopted without departing from the nature of
this invention.
In some cases the lever A¹ may be dispensed with and a flexible cord working over
two or more pulleys be employed; or a cam or an arrangement of cams may be
adopted.
To prevent the pump attaining an accelerated speed due to scarcity of water in the
suction tank or well, we make an attachment between a float placed in the suction
tank or well and the plunger A of the governor. This connection can be effected
through jointed rods or flexible chains or cords arranged to suit the varying conditions
in relation to the suction tank and the position of the pump thereto.
Although we have described the said invention in connection with a direct acting
steam pump yet it is equally applicable to direct acting pumps worked by compressed
air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we
claim as the said Invention of "Improvements in governors for direct acting pumps
worked by steam or compressed air;
A Governor consisting essentially of an operating ram or plunger (or rams or
plungers) working in a cylinder (or cylinders) in connection with and acted upon by
the pressure of the water in the pump delivery main and connected with a throttle
valve in the steam or compressed air supply main and also connected or combined with
a series of weights, the protrusion of the ram or plunger (or rams or plungers) causing
it (or them) to lift one or more of the weights according to the pressure in the pump
delivery main for the purposes hereinbefore described, the several parts of the governor
being constructed arranged and operating substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Dated the 9th day of September 1889.
TANGYES LIMITED.
W. J. Parkins, Secretary.
THOMAS MEACOCK.