New or Improved Means of Applying Brakes to Velocipedes and other Vehioles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 4th Aug., 1900-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1900
PRUVIDIAAL OPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Means of Applying Brakes to Velocipedes and other
Vehioles.
1, ARTHUR ISAAC BERNARD MAXFIELD, 70, Great Colmore Street, Birmingham,
Warwickshire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows: -
This invention consists of improvements in the method of applying brakes to
velocipedes and other vehicles, by reversing the means of propulsion, termed,
"back pedaling."
I will describe my invention as applyed to the back wheel of a velocipede.
Upon one of the driving cranks, or axle, is attached a disc, the periphery of
which runs in a sectional trough, or channel. This channel is hinged at one
end, prefereably at the upper end, to a suitable bracket, attached to the compres-
sion stays of cycle.
The other or lower end, is connected by a swinging lever and connecting rod,
or other suitable attachment, to a single or double acting brake, acting upon the
rim, or tyre, or upon both, as may be desired.
Within this channel, is a second smaller disc or roller, free to roll from end
to end. This small dise, enganges periphiry to periphery with the large disc. It
will be seen, that the periphery of the large dise, and the bottom of the hinged
channel, when sprung in at the lower end, forms a curved inclined planc.
When procceeding in the ordinary manner, the small disc, or roller keeps at
the top, or widest part of this curved inclined plane.
By reversing the motion of cranks, the small disc, or roller, rolls down by
friction, and pushes out the channel: this being attached to the swinging
lever, brings the brake into contact with the wheel.
In place of the hinged channel and plain smaller roller, I use a curved plate
of metal, hinged in a similar manner to the before mentioned channel, and a
double flanged small disc or roller. In this manner it makes a lighter brake.
Also in place of attaching the large disc to the crank or axle, I attach the diso
to the free wheel clutch itself, and the hinged channel, or curved plate, to tho
back stays or compression stays, as desired.
Dated this Nineth day of November 1890.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Means of Applying Brakes to Velocipedes and other
Vehioles.
ARTBUR ISAAC BERNARD MAXFIELD, of 70, Great Colmore Street, Birmingham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
ID 037

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:
-
This invention consists of the herein described new or improved means of
applying brakes to velocipedes and other vehicles such as motor carriages by
reversing the means of propulsion, termed back pedalling.
As an example I will describe my invention as arranged to apply the brakes to
the back wheel of a safety bicycle and 1 will refer to the accompanying drawings
on wich Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section of a portion of the back
wheel and bicycle frame and crank axle and cranks with the brake gear con-
structed and arranged in accordance with this invention the brakes being shewn
in their "off" position as when the rider is pedalling forward; Fig. 2 is a plan
of the same; Fig. 3 shews the same parts as Fig. 1 (except the tyre and rim)
with the brakes on the wheel as when the rider is back pedalling; Figs. 4 and 5
are diagrams to shew more clearly the action of the parts which operate the
brake Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation and edge view of the roller part of the
same separately; and Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a slight modification of my
invention.
The same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in all the
figures.
AA are the two driving cranks, B is the crank axle, are the two com-
pression stays, D is a portion of the rim of the back wheel, E is a portion of the
tyre of the same, F is the driving sprocket wheel on the crank axle. Upon the
boss of the driving crank A¹ or upon the crank axle B so as to revolve therewith
I fix a metal disc G. Adjacent to the periphery of the disc G I provide a curved
plate H which at its top end is jointed to a pin h¹ fixed on the bracket attached
to the compression stays CC. The other or lower end of the curved plate H
is provided with a pin which takes into a slot in the end of a lever J which
is fixed to a short countershaft K turning in bearings in the bracket I fixed to
the compression stays C¹ (³ Fixed to this countershaft K is also another lever L
which at its lower end is connected as by the screwed eye to the screwed
connecting rod which is connected to any suitable single acting or double
neting brake acting upon the rim or tyre or upon both the rim and tyre of the
back wheel. On my drawing I have shown my invention applied to a double
acting brake of the well known kind which consists of the two armed lever N' N⁹
to which the connecting rod M and m³ is jointed the lower end of this arm N
carrying the brake block for pressing against the tyre E of the wheel. The
lever turns on a fulerum pin carried by the lug which is fixed to
the junction piece of the compression stays ("The upper arm X of the
brake lever is jointed at to the two side connecting rods which at their
outer ends carry the brake blocks 00³ to act against the rim D of the wheel.
The levers are supported by the links the lower ends of which turn
on the fulcrum pins carried by the clips fixed on the compression
stavs C C.
"
The acting edge of the swinging curved plate H. which is next to the
periphery of the dise is from the point to the parts h³, Figs. 4 and 5, curved
to somewhere about the same radius as the disc G and when the plate H is in its
normal or off" position represented in Figs. 1 and 4 it is there maintained by
the spring fixed to the bracket I and connected at its lower end by the link på
to the lever L. When the curved plate IT is in this position the periphery of
the dise H and the part of the edge of the curved plate between the points h
and h³ form a curved inclined plane the distance from the point to the periphery
of the dise being greater than is the distance of the point 3 from the periphery
of the disc (. The curved plate above the point is curved inwardly at h" so
as to almost touch the dise B to form a stop for the roller Q hereinaftor described
and for the same purpose the part of the curved edge of the plate II below
the point is also curved inwardly so as to form a bottom stop to prevent the
roller Qfrom moving down too far.

page_text: Between the periphery of the disc G and the edge h³ of the plate H, I provide
a small Hanged roller free to roll along the curved edge of the plate so far
as the curved ends h or stops will allow. The disc G and the curved plate H
are made to fit easily between the flauges of the roller Q thus keeping the roller
in position. This roller Q engages periphery to periphery with the edge of the
disc G so that when the rider is pedalling forward the friction between the
periphery of the disc G and the roller Q causes the roller to roll up to the top
or wider part of this curved inclined plane as indicated by Fig. 4, and to remain
there, so that the spring I pulls the brakes off. When the motion of the cranks
and disc G is reversed, as in back pedalling, the friction between the periphery
of the disc and the roller Q causes the latter to roll down to the lower or
narrower part of the curved inclined plane thereby pushing out the curved
plate II as in Figs. 3 and 5 thus applying the brakes to the wheel.
Instead of employing the curved plate H and flanged roller Q as above described
the roller Q may be made without flanges and in this case the curved plate will
be made of trough or channel section as shewn in Figs. 7 and 8 where it is
marked H with side flanges between which the roller Q is situated and
between which the disc Gruns the action of the parts being the same as above
described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Instead of attaching the disc to the driving crank or crank axle, a similar
disc may be formed on the part of the free wheel clutch which has the sprocket
teeth for the chain and which is situated on the back wheel axle, and the curved
channel plate I or the curved plate II be jointed at ' to the back stays or to
the compression stays of the cycle and the other end be connected to operate
a brake or brakes on the wheel, the action of the roller Q between the periphery
of the disc and the curved plate H or channel H to apply the brake by back
pedalling and to automatically remove the brake when pedalling forward being
the same as above described and illustrated on the drawings.
It is to be understood that I make no claim in respect of the particular kind
of brake illustrated on my drawings apart from my new or improved means
for applying the same and that my invention can be similarly applied to other
brakes either single or double acting.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The combination, with the crank axle of a safety bicycle or other velocipede
or motor vehicle, of a disc fixed thereon, a curved plate turning on a stationary
fulcrum pin at one end and arranged adjacent to said disc and having its edge
next the disc curved so as to make a curved inclined plane therewith, the said
curve terminating in upper and lower stops, and a roller in contact with and
situated between the periphery of the disc and the curved plate said curved plato
being connected by suitable gearing to the brake or brakes and provided with
a spring which draws the curved plate towards the disc, the said parts being
so arranged that when the crank axle is turned in a forward direction the roller
is by the dise caused to roll to the wider end of the curved inclined plane so that
the spring then pulls off the brake or brakes, and when the disc is turned in the
opposite direction as by back pedalling the said disc rolls the roller towards the
narrow end of the curved inclined plane thereby pushing out the curved plate
and applying the brake or brakes to the wheel, substantially as described.
2. The combination, with the free wheel clutch of a safety bicycle or other
velocipede or motor vehicle, of a disc formed thereon, a curved plate turning on
a stationary fulerum pin on one end and arranged adjacent to said disc and
having its edge next the disc curved so as to make a curved inclined plane there-
with the said curve terminating in upper and lower stops, and a roller situated
between the periphery of the dise and the curved plate, said curved plate being
connected by suitable gearing to the brake or brakes and provided with a spring

page_text: which presses the curved plate towards the disc the said parts being so arranged
that when the free wheel clutch is turned in a forward direction the roller is
by the disc caused to roll to the wider end of the curved inclined plane so that
the spring then pulls off the brake or brakes, and when the disc is turned in
the opposite direction as by the back pedalling the said disc rolls the roller
towards the narrow end of the inclined plane thereby pushing out the curved
plate and applying the brake or brakes to the wheel, substantially as described.
3. The combination, with the crank axle of a safety bicycle or other velocipede
or motor vehicle, of the disc G fixed thereon, the curved plate H turning on the
stationary fulcrum pin A¹ at one end and arranged adjacent to the said dise and
having its edge next the disc inclined so as to make a curved inclined plane
therewith, and a flanged roller Q in contact with the disc and plate and between
the flanges of which the disc and plate are situated, said curved plate being
connected by the gearing to the two armed lever N¹ carried by the cycle frame
and having the brake block on one arm to act against the tyre and the other
arm connected by side links w³n to brake blocks 00³ for acting against the
rim of the wheel said paris being constructed arranged and operating substan-
tially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 1st day of August 1900.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.