Improvements in and Connected with the Vaporization of Volatile Liquid Hydro Carbons, and the Utilization of the Vapour thereof for Actuating Motive Power Engines, and Apparatus or Arrange- ments for those Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 18th June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 20th July, 1888
Improvements in and Connected with the Vaporization of Volatile
Liquid Hydro Carbons, and the Utilization of the Vapour thereof
for Actuating Motive Power Engines, and Apparatus or Arrange-
ments for those Purposes.
I CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON of No. 31 Coburg Road in the County of Surrey
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in and connected
with the vaporization of volatile liquid hydro carbons in order to the utilization of the
vapour thereof for actuating motive power engines such as those ordinarily known as
gas engines and of the improvements hereinafter described in and connected with
the utilization of the said vapour for the said purpose and of the improvements
hereinafter described in apparatus or arrangements for use therein and in connection
therewith.
According to my said Invention I place the liquid hydro carbon to be vaporized in
a reservoir and 1 provide for the delivery of the hydrocarbon therefrom at the required
pressure either by placing the said reservoir at a sufficient height or by forcing air.
into it. And I connect the said reservoir to apparatus (hereinafter termed vaporizing)
apparatus) in which the hydro carbon is vaporized either by waste heat from the
engine or by a burning jet or jets of the vapour of the said hydro carbon or of a
mixture of the said vapour and air and connect the said apparatus to other apparatus
(hereinafter termed carburretting apparatus) which I connect to the ordinary gas inlet
or air inlet of the engine and in which the said vapour is mixed with air in the required
proportions. Or I connect the said reservoir directly to the carburretting apparatus
and cause the hydro carbon to be vaporized therein. I so construct or arrange the
said carburretting apparatus that the mixture passes therefrom into the cylinder of
the engine at a pressure below or not exceeding that of the atmosphere and I fire
the explosive mixture in the cylinder by contact with the flame of a burning jet of a
inixture of vapour and air produced in and passing from the vaporizing apparatus or
by contact with a conductor heated by such flame or by other suitable means.

page_text: In applying my invention to engines in which. the explosive mixture is fired by
contact with a firing jet I in some cases construct the vaporizing apparatus of tubes
one of which terminates in the lower part of a bulb secured thereto and communicates
with a pipe leading from the reservoir containing the liquid to be vaporized. In the
part of the vaporizing apparatus in which the vapour collects is an outlet passage
provided with a needle valve through which passage a stream of vapour issues when
the apparatus is in action and in line with the said passage a tube (which I term the
mixing tube) is arranged. The end of the mixing tube nearest the said outlet passage
is open and is secured at a slight distance from the said passage in order to admit of a
stream of air being carried into it with the stream of vapour. The said mixing tube
is provided with two nozzles at each of which a jet of the mixture of vapour and air
burns when the apparatus is in action. The jet of mixture which burns at one of the
said nozzles constitutes the firing jet which ignites the explosive mixture in the
cylinder and the jet which burns at the other of the said nozzles constitutes a
relighting jet which ignites the firing jet when the flame is extinguished by the
explosion in the cylinder. Heaters or projecting pieces of metal are secured to the
vaporizing apparatus which absorb heat from one or both of the said jets and convey
it to the liquid within the said tubes. A cup is arranged at the lower part of the
vaporizing apparatus in which cup hydro carbon is placed and ignited in order to
heat the said apparatus at first starting. The air confined in the upper part of the
bulb hereinbefore referred to constitutes an elastic medium which absorbs the force
produced by the back pressure of the vapour within the apparatus and prevents unsteady
burning of the jets being caused by fluctuation of the liquid in the supply pipe which
would otherwise be produced by the said back pressure.
In the case of engines having firing ports which are opened by the working of the
piston I arrange the firing jet of the vaporizing apparatus opposite the said port. In
the case of engines in which the firing light is carried by a slide I connect the firing
nozzle of the vaporizing apparatus with the slide in any suitable manner and arrange
the relighting jet as required. In the case of engines in which the firing light is
carried by a revolving hollow cock 1 connect the said firing nozzle to the part to
which the ordinary gas supply is connected and I arrange the relighting jet in the
required position relatively to the said revolving cock.
In applying my invention to engines in which the explosive mixture is fired by
contact with a heated conductor I prefer to construct the vaporizing apparatus of the
form of an annular vessel surrounding a portion of the said conductor and connected
at the lower end with the supply pipe and the air bulb hereinbefore described and
provided with heaters and a mixing tube having a nozzle so arranged relatively to the
said conductor that the latter is heated by a burning jet of the mixture issuing from
the said nozzle which jet also heats the vaporizing apparatus.
The carburretting apparatus which I prefer to use is hereinafter described. The
said apparatus consists of a box (which I term the mixing box) which communicates
with the air inlet or gas inlet of the engine and has an inlet passage provided with a
pin valve which passage is in communication with the part of the vaporizing apparatus
in which the vapour collects. The interior of the said box communicates by means.
of tubes or otherwise either directly with the external air or with an air chamber
provided with a valve which is normally kept closed by a spring or by gravity and is
connected to one end of a rod which passes into the mixing box and works in a guide
therein and carries another valve which closes the gas inlet both during intake and
while the engine is at rest. In some cases I form the valve in the air chamber of a
plate or blade of metal. In some cases I arrange a perforated diaphragm or perforated
diaphragms in the mixing box and in some cases I make the air chamber collapsible.
The lower part of the mixing box is provided with a cock to admit of liquid produced
by condensation of the vapour passing from the vaporizing apparatus being drawn off
when necessary. The action is as follows. Vapour from the vaporizing apparatus
passes into the mixing box and is drawn therefrom in admixture with air by the suction
of the engine which causes air to pass to the mixing box either direct or through the
air chamber. The pressure of the mixture thus passing into the engine does not

page_text: exceed the pressure of the atmosphere. When the suction ceases the passage by which
the vapour enters the mixing box is opened and remains open until a sufficient charge
of vapour has passed into the mixing box.
Where I utilize the waste heat from the engine for vaporizing the hydro carbon
I connect the aforesaid reservoir to cells or chambers or passages formed or arranged
around the cylinder or in the body thereof or otherwise so arranged as to receive heat
from the engine.
Where I pass the liquid hydro carbon into the mixing apparatus 1 in some cases
heat the said apparatus either by waste heat from the engine or otherwise and I
arrange for automatic control of the supply of hydro carbon to the said apparatus
according to the action of the engine by mechanism actuated by the engine which
mechanism may consist of a cock in the plug of which a flexible diaphragm or a
reciprocatory piston is arranged and works. And I in some cases cause the hydro
carbon to pass into a chamber before passing into the mixing apparatus which chamber
has an outlet provided with a valve actuated by the engine.
I prefer to arrange for the admission of air to the carburretting apparatus at its
upper part and I prefer to make the said apparatus of such capacity that the quantity
of mixture contained in it will not be in excess of that required for one charge of
the cylinder.
In cases where benzoline or other hydro carbon which acts on india rubber is
required to be used with engines of the kind hereinbefore referred to I use valves made
of metal preferably in the form of thin plates or blades in place of valves mado of
india rubber as usual.
Dated in Wistantly dose
1007
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: ments for those Purposes.
I CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON of No. 31 Coburg Road in the County of Surrey
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in and connected
with the vaporization of volatile liquid hydro carbons in order to the utilization of the
vapour thereof for actuating motive power engines such as those ordinarily known as
gas engines and of the improvements herein after described in and connected with
the utilization of the said vapour for the said purpose and of the improvements
herein after described in apparatus or arrangements for use therein and in connection
therewith.
According to my said Invention I place the liquid hydro carbon to be vaporized
in a reservoir and I provide for the delivery of the hydro carbon therefrom at the
required pressure either by placing the said reservoir at a sufficient height or by
forcing air into it. And I connect the said reservoir to apparatus (herein after
termed vaporizing apparatus) in which the hydro carbon is vaporized by a burning
jet or jets of the vapour of the said hydro carbon or of a mixture of the said vapour
and air and connect the said apparatus to other apparatus (herein after termed
carburetting apparatus) which I connect to the ordinary gas inlet or air inlet of the
engine and in which the said vapour is mixed with air in the required proportions.
I so construct or arrange the said carburetting apparatus that the mixture passes
therefrom into the cylinder of the engine at a pressure below or not exceeding that
of the atmosphere. And I fire the explosive mixture in the cylinder by contact with
the flame of a burning jet of a mixture of vapour and air produced in and passing
from the vaporizing apparatus or by contact with a conductor heated by such flame
or by other suitable means.
In applying my invention to engines in which the explosive mixture is fired by
contact with a firing jet I in some cases construct the vaporizing apparatus of tubes
one of which communicates by means of a pipe with the lower part of a bulb or vessel
in which air is confined which vessel is connected by means of another pipe with the
reservoir containing the liquid to be vaporized. In the part of the vaporizing
apparatus in which the vapour collects is an outlet passage provided with a needle
valve through which passage a stream of vapour issues when the apparatus is in
action and in line with the said passage a tube (which I term the mixing tube) is
arranged. The end of the mixing tube nearest the said outlet passage is open and is
secured at a slight distance from the said passage in order to admit of a stream of air

page_text: being carried into it with the stream of vapour. A jet of the inflammable mixture
from the mixing tube is conveyed to the firing port by means of a pipe connected to
the said mixing tube.
Heaters or projecting pieces of metal are secured to the vaporizing apparatus which
absorb heat from burning jets of the mixture of vapour and air produced in the said
apparatus and convey the heat to the liquid within the tubes of the vaporizing
apparatus. A cup is arranged at the lower part of the vaporizing apparatus in which
cup bydrocarbon is placed and ignited in order to heat the said apparatus at first
starting. The air confined in the upper part of the bulb or vessel hereinbefore
referred to constitutes an elastic medium which absorbs the force produced by the
back pressure of the vapour within the apparatus and prevents unsteady burning of
the jets being caused by fluctuation of the liquid in the supply pipe which would
otherwise be produced by the said back pressure.
The carburetting apparatus which I prefer to use is herein after described. The
said apparatus consists of a box (which I term the mixing box) which communicates
with the air inlet or gas inlet of the engine and has an inlet passage provided with
a valve which passage is in communication with the part of the vaporizing apparatus
in which the vapour collects. The interior of the said box is in communication with
the external air and the valve herein before referred to which is normally kept closed
by gravity is connected to one end of a rod which passes into the mixing box and is
connected at its other end to a piston consisting of a plate of metal.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a central vertical section of vaporizing
apparatus constructed as hereinbefore described in combination with carburetting
apparatus constructed as hereinbefore described and Figures 2, 3 and 3" are separate
views of portions of the said vaporizing apparatus. The same letters and figures of
reference indicate the same parts in each of the said Figures 1, 2 3 and 3.
a is the reservoir in which the liquid to be vaporized is placed. are pipes
by which the said liquid passes to the vaporizing apparatus. c is the bulb or vessel
in which air is confined with the interior of which vessel the pipes & communicate.
The junction of the pipe 6 with the said vessel consists of a three way cock de the
passages of which cock are marked d' d² el e² e³ e¹. e is a ball valve which prevents
the return of liquid from the vessel c. c is a disc of perforated metal which is
confined between the mouth of the vessel c and the upper end of the plug e of the
cock and c is a spring which bears on the upper side of the said disc and tends to
keep the said plug e tight in the body d of the cock. By means of this cock the
liquid in the tank a may be admitted to the vaporizing apparatus or the passage of
the said liquid to the vaporizing apparatus may be cut off or the contents of the
vessel e may be run out as herein after described.
The part of the vaporizing apparatus in which the liquid is vaporized consists of
an annular chamber the walls of which chamber consist of two concentrically
arranged tubes gh. With the lower part of this chamber the upper end of the
pipe communicates the said pipe being connected to a junction piece 6 (shown
separately in Figure 3) having a recess and a passage be formed in it which junction
piece is confined between a casting brazed to the lower end of the tube h and a
screwed socket g' to which the tube g is screwed and which surrounds and is screwed
to the upper part of the said casting . In the outer part of the casting to which
the socket is screwed and in the part which is surrounded by the junction piece *
longitudinal channels are formed which constitute the means of communication
between the recess in the said junction piece and the chamber. Figure 3* is a
transverse section taken on the line A Figure 1 in which section the position of the
said channels is clearly shown. The tube is closed at top by a plug and at
bottom by a plug in each of which plugs is a central orifice so formed as to
constitute seatings for valves ij by which the passage of vapour from the chamber f
into and from the tube / may be permitted or prevented as herein after described.
are passages formed in the plug h by which and the central orifice in the said
plug the chamber / communicates with the interior of the tube /.
The valve i is of the kind ordinarily termed a needle valve that is it consists of a

page_text: screwed rod having a taper point. The screwed part of this valve is engaged with a
screw thread formed in the part of the central orifice in the plug / above the seating
of the said valve. Around the lower part of the casting a flange " is formed and
in the upper face of the said flange an annular recess ' is formed and around the
said recess a perforated ring or cylinder is placed which rests on the upper face of
the said flange. The said recess and the lower part of the said ring when the
parts are bound together as shown in the Drawing constitute a cup surrounding
the lower part of the vaporizing chamber in which cup a small quantity of spirit is
placed and ignited in order to heat the vaporizing chamber when the apparatus is
required to be used. The holes 12 12 in the part admit air for the support of
combustion of the said spirit.
m m'are rings of copper having radial arms m¹ m² which absorb heat from the
flame of the spirit in the cup and convey it to the tube whereby the liquid in
the chamber is vaporized. n is a casing surrounding the said tube which casing
has a lining of asbestos or other imperfect conductor of heat. The said casing
rests on the upper part of an annular chamber o which is supported on the upper edge
of the ring and the said casing supports a casting which is shown separately in
Figure 2 and consists of a central ring p and an outer ring p¹ connected by radial
arms p²p3 p3. In the inner face of the central ring p an annular recess p* is formed
which communicates with the chamber by means of holes in a tube k¹ which is
screwed to the upper end of the tube and with a passage p¹ in the arm p². p³ is
an outlet orifice communicating with the said passage p and p is a needle valve by
means of which the said outlet orifice may be opened
or closed. q is a screw cap
between which and the part the casting p p p p³ is secured as shown in the
Drawing. is a stuffing box in the screw cap 7 through which the needle valve i
passes. s is the mixing tube into which a stream of vapour passes when the apparatus
is in action the said vapour mixing with air which is drawn in over the top of the said
tube. The said mixing tube s communicates with the interior of the annular chamber o
and is furnished with a branch tube s' by which a portion of the mixture of vapour
and air is conveyed to the firing port of the engine to supply the jet which constitutes
the firing light. o o¹ are holes in the inner wall of the annular chamber o from
which holes the inflammable mixture formed in the mixing tube s issues in jets when
the apparatus is in action which jets being ignited by the flame of the spirit burning
in the cup sustain the heat required in the vaporizing chamber. The holes 12 12
admit of the passage of air for the support of combustion of the said jets of mixture.
The products of combustion escape from the apparatus between the arms p² p³ p³
herein before referred to.
The carburetting apparatus to the upper part of which the vaporizing apparatus
is shown connected in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is herein after
described.
tis the mixing box. is the piston therein which fits the said box loosely and
virtually constitutes an inwardly mioveable bottom thereto. The said piston or moveable
bottom as shown in the Drawings consists of a disc or circular plate of metal slightly
dished and having its edge turned up. vis a pipe which constitutes the communication
between the carburetting apparatus and the air or gas inlet of the engine. The said
pipe is connected to a casing or jacket w surrounding the mixing box t the interior of
which jacket communicates with the interior of the said missing box by means of
apertures in the latter. x is a pipe by which air passes to the interior of the said
mixing box. Where the vaporizing apparatus is connected to the carburetting
apparatus as shown in the Drawing the orifice in the plug ³ constitutes the passage
by which the vapour formed in the vaporising apparatus enters the mixing box and
the piston is connected by a rod y with the valve j by which the said orifice is
normally closed. is a cylindrical shield surrounding the mixing box t by raising or
lowering which shield the apertures t¹t or the apertures may be more or less
obstructed and the proportion of air in the mixture of air and vapour passing to the
engine may be varied as hereinafter explained.
The said shield is supported by means of a rod z¹ secured thereto which rod has

page_text: affixed to its upper end a spirally inclined boss which bears on a plate having a
similarly inclined face. By turning the said plate 3 in one or other direction the said
shield may be raised or lowered as required. The motion of the said shield when
the plate is turned in the direction necessary to lower it is assisted by the action of
a coiled spring . In order to prevent injury to the apparatus in case through
imperfections in the engine the explosion in the cylinder thereof drives back the mixture
suddenly into the box holes uu are formed in the piston u and it is supported on a
coiled spring by which spring the said piston is normally pressed against a plate u³
which covers the holes u¹ and is secured to the rod y by a set screw u¹ passing
through a boss on a tube secured to the said plate u². The vaporizing apparatus is
connected to the carburetting apparatus by screws 18 h. is a ring of asbestos
or other imperfect conductor of heat placed between the said vaporizing apparatus
and carburetting apparatus to retard the passage of heat from the former to the
latter.
The apparatus herein before described is used and acts as follows :-
The tubes and A having been heated by combustion of spirit in the cup 7 l
communication between the reservoir a and the chamber is opened by turning the
plug of the cock de so as to bring the passage e³ into line with the passage d². The
said liquid then passes from the vessel a into the vessel c and thence by the pipes b² 63
and the passage 6º in the connection and the passages formed by the recess in the
said connection and the channels in the casting into the said chamber where
the said liquid is converted into vapour some of which issues from the orifice p³ and
passes into the tube s carrying air with it. A portion of the mixture of vapour and
air thus formed is conveyed by the pipe s to a nozzle at the firing port of the engine.
and issues from the said nozzle and when ignited constitutes the "firing light "by which
the explosive mixture in the engine cylinder is tired. The remainder of the said mixture
passes into the chamber and issues in jets from the holes o¹ of which jets become ignited
by the flame of the spirit burning in the cup and sustain the heat required in the
vaporizing chamber after the said spirit has been consumed. The apparatus is now
ready for working and in order to start working it is only necessary to turn the fly wheel
of the engine round twice. When this is done the following actions take place. At the
first turn the air in the chamber t above the piston u is drawn into the cylinder of the
engine by the ordinary sucking action of the engine the said air passing from the said
chamber t through the holes that its upper part into the casing or jacket w and
through the pipe by. which the said casing is connected to the gas inlet of the engine
cylinder. A partial vacuum being thus formed above the piston it is caused to rise
by the pressure of the atmosphere on its underside and does not again descend until
the suction of the engine ceases when the said piston falls to the position shown in the
Drawing. While the piston is rising and until it has returned to the position shown
the valvej which is connected to the piston by the rod y is raised from its seating
consequently during that time vapour passes from the vaporizing chamber into
the carburetting chamber in which the said vapour is mixed with air which
passes into the said chamber through the pipe and the holes t t and the jacket w
and the holes and between the loosely fitting piston and the sides of the said
chamber. Therefore while the engine is being once turned and while the piston
is descending to the position shown in the Drawing the said chamber t becomes filled
with an explosive mixture which is drawn into the engine cylinder when on turning
the fly wheel the second time the suction again takes place and the explosive charge
thus drawn into the cylinder is fired therein during the said second revolution of the
fly wheel. The ordinary automatic working of the engine now begins and thereby
the actions herein before described of the working parts of the vaporizing apparatus
and the carburetting apparatus are continued as long as the engine is working. By
the foregoing description it will be seen that no vapour enters the chamber when
the engine is at rest and that each time the mixture is drawn from the said chamber
the valve is automatically opened and remains open until the said chamber is
fully charged with the explosive mixture and is then automatically closed. The.
sucking action of the engine besides drawing the explosive mixture into the cylinder
26

page_text: from above the piston u as herein before described also draws into the cylinder air
from below the said piston the air so drawn passing through the holes 22 and
mixing with the explosive mixture from the chamber t. The proportion of the air
thus drawn relatively to the proportion of explosive mixture is regulated by
turning the plate in one or other direction the effect being to raise or lower the
shield and thus to increase the obstruction of the holes and decrease the
obstruction of the holes t² t² or nice versa according as the said shield is raised or
lowered. The liquid in the vessel a in passing to the vaporizing apparatus rises in the
vessel c slightly above the level of the lower end of the pipe 62 consequently the air
in the said vessel c is confined therein above the surface of the said liquid and
constitutes an elastic medium which absorbs fluctuations of pressure in the vaporizing
chamber and thus prevents the said fluctuations being communicated to the
liquid in the pipe b₁ and consequent unsteadiness of the flames by which the
vaporizing apparatus is heated. When for any reason it is desired to remove the
liquid from the vessel cand the pipes ³ the plug of the cock at the lower part of
the said vessel is turned so as to bring the passage e in line with the passage d¹. By
this means the said liquid is allowed to pass out and the communication between the
pipe and the said vessel c is cut off.
Although in the accompanying Drawings herein before described the vaporizing
apparatus is shown in combination with the carburetting apparatus it must be under-
stood that such combination is not necessary the only requirement being that they
should be so connected as to admit of the vapour generated in the vaporizing
apparatus passing to the carburetting apparatus except when the piston u is in the
position shown in Figure 1.
In cases where it is desired to supply the firing jets of the engine with vapour
unmixed with air 1 connect the said jets with the part p of the vaporizing
apparatus.
In the case of engines having firing ports which are opened by the working of the
engine piston and in the case of engines in which the firing light is carried by a slide
and in the case of engines in which the firing light is carried by a revolving hollow
cock I connect the chamber for the passage or the tube s' of the vaporizing
apparatus herein before described to the part to which the gas supply is ordinarily
connected in such engines when worked with coal gas the only difference being that
the firing light in this case consists of a burning jet of the vapour or mixture
produced in the vaporizing apparatus herein before described instead of coal gas
as usual.
Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawings is a central vertical section of a modified
form of the vaporizing apparatus herein before described. In this arrangement the
mixing tube is provided with two nozzles at each of which a jet of the mixture of
vapour and air burns when the apparatus is in action-the jet of mixture which burns
at one of the said nozzles constituting the firing jet and the jet which burns at the
other of the said nozzles constituting a relighting jet which ignites the firing jet
when the flame is extinguished by the explosion in the cylinder. Referring to the
said Figure 4 the tubes marked 1 1b constitute the vaporizing chamber. 2 is a pipe
by which the liquid to be vaporized is supplied thereto. 3 is the mixing tube. 4 is
the nozzle from which the jet of inflammable mixture constituting the firing jet issues
and 5 is the nozzle from which the jet of inflammable mixture constituting the
relighting jet issues. 6.6 are the heaters which absorb heat from the said jets when
ignited and convey the heat to the vaporizing chamber. 7 is the pipe by which the
vapour is conveyed to the carburetting apparatus or to the engine cylinder and Sis
the cup in which spirit is placed and ignited in order to start the working of the
apparatus. A portion of the firing port of the engine is shown in section at 9. The
pipe 2 is connected to the source of supply of the liquid to be vaporized either
directly or through a vessel similar to that marked e in Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings. The action of this apparatus will be readily understood after perusal of the
foregoing description of the apparatus illustrated in the said Figure 1.
In applying my Invention to engines in which the explosive mixture is fired by

page_text: contact with a heated conductor I prefer to construct the vaporizing apparatus of the
form of an annular vessel surrounding a portion of the said conductor and connected
at the lower end with the supply pipe and the air bulb or vessel c hereinbefore
described and provided with heaters and a mixing tube the combustion of the
mixture formed in which tube heats the said conductor and the said annular vessel.
This arrangement is illustrated in vertical section in Figure 5 of the accompanying
Drawings. 10 is theannular vessel constituting the vaporizing chamber. 11 is a tube
constituting the conductor by which the explosive mixture in the cylinder of the
engine is fired. 12 is the pipe by which the liquid to be vaporized is conveyed to the
vaporizing chamber 10. 13 is the mixing tube. 14 is a chamber into which the
mixture passes from the pipe 13 and 14" 14" are holes through which jets of the said
mixture issue which jets when ignited heat the vaporizing chamber 10 and the con-
ductor 11. 10 10 are heaters consisting of pieces of metal affixed to and projecting
from the inner shell of the vessel 10 which heaters absorb heat from the flames of the
jets of mixture issuing from the chamber 14 and conduct the said heat to the liquid in
the said chamber whereby the said liquid is vaporized. 15 is an asbestos shield which
protects the lower part of the vessel 10 from the direct action of the heat of the said
jets. 16 is a casing constituting the support for the said apparatus in which casing
are holes 16" 16" for the passage of air to the aforesaid jets. 17, 17 are other holes
formed in an extension of the outer cylindrical shell of the vessel 10 through which
holes air also passes to the said jets.
19 is the pipe through which the vapour passes from the chamber 10 to the mixing
tube and to the carburetting chamber or to the engine cylinder. 20 is a pipe con-
nected to the engine cylinder through which pipe a portion of the explosive mixture
is driven by the action of the engine into the heated tube 11 when the said mixture is
required to be fired. In order to start the action of this apparatus spirit is poured
into the lower part of the casing 16 and ignited.
دو
In some cases govern the admission of vapour or of the explosive mixture to the
cylinder of the engine by means of a valve actuated by the engine through the medium
of suitable mechanism such as that known as the "hit and miss
arrangement and
used in the Otto gas engine and certain other forms of gas engines for governing
the admission of coal gas to the engine cylinder according to the speed of the
engine.
In cases where benzoline or other hydrocarbon which acts on india rubber is required
to be used with engines of the kind herein before referred to I use valves made of
metal preferably in the form of thin plates or blades in place of the valves made of
india rubber which are ordinarily used in such engines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
of "Improvements in and connected with the vaporization of volatile liquid hydro
carbons and the utilization of the vapour thereof for actuating motive power engines
and apparatus or arrangements for those purposes" and in what manner the same is to
be performed I declare that I claim as my said invention :-
First Apparatus in which liquid hydro carbon is vaporized under pressure of a
column of the said liquid and the vapour so produced is mixed with air ready for use
in the cylinder of the engine.
Secondly-The combination of a vessel in which air is confined as and for the
purpose herein before described with apparatus for vaporizing liquid hydro carbon under
pressure of a column of the said liquid.
Thirdly The combination of apparatus in which liquid hydrocarbon is vaporized
with apparatus in which the said vapour is mixed with air for the supply of the
cylinder of the engine substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Fourthly Apparatus for the vaporization of volatile liquid hydro carbons con-
structed substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 1 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly Apparatus constructed substantially as herein before described with refer-
ence to Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings for effecting the mixture of air with
B

page_text: the vapour of a volatile liquid hydrocarbon that is to say a chamber connected to a
supply of the said vapour the connection being provided with a valve by which the
passage of the said vapour to the said chamber is controlled and the said chamber
containing a piston or provided with a 'bottom capable of moving inwardly the said
parts being so arranged that the said piston or bottoni is caused to move inwardly and
the admission of the said vapour to the said chamber is permitted when the contents
of the latter are being drawn into the engine cylinder by the ordinary action of the
engine.
Sixthly The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
apparatus for the vaporization of volatile liquid hydro-carbon illustrated in Figure 1
of the accompanying drawings.
Seventhly The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
carburetting apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighthly The combination with apparatus for the vaporization of volatile liquid
hydro-carbon of an air vessel substantially as and for the purpose herein before
described with reference to the part marked c of Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Ninthly The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
apparatus illustrated in Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenthly Apparatus constructed substantially as herein before described for
vaporizing liquid hydro-carbon and heating a conductor by which an explosive
mixture consisting of the vapour of such hydro-carbon and air is fired in the cylinder
of an engine that is to say apparatus so constructed that the vaporization of the said
liquid and the heating of the said conductor are effected by combustion of a portion
of the vapour produced in the said apparatus.
$
Eleventhly The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
apparatus illustrated in Figure 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this 16th day of June 1888
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.