IMPROVEMENTS IN .
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Stevenson, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Quarrymaster, William Ree, of Stone-
house, in the same County, Engineer, and Andrew Dunlop, of
Glasgow. aforesaid, Clerk, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Stevenson,
William Ree, and Andrew Dunlop at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th October 1873.
WC, WILLIAM STEVENSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Quarrymaster, WILLIAM REE, of Stonehouse, in the same
County, Engineer, and ANDREW DUNLOP, of Glasgow, aforesaid, Clerk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TOOLS FOR CUTTING COAL, FREESTONE, AND OTHER MINERALS," to be as.
follows, that is to say :-
This said Invention consists generally in new or improved con-
structions of the immediato cutting parts of the said tools and their.

page_text: holders used in machinery for cutting or for dressing coal, freestone, and
other minerals, and which makes these cutting parts more simple,
economical, or durable than they have been heretofore.
And the nature of the first part of this Invention consists in forming or
punching and compressing the said cutting parts out of thin sheet steel
or iron, or other equivalent hard metal, as from one-sixteenth to three-
sixteenths of an inch in thickness in short pieces a little larger than the
gripers which fix them, each with its front or cutting end, face, or edge of
a semicircular form, with their back, end, face, or edge formed with an
angled or square recess, projection, or tongue to fit into a corresponding
projection or recess for it in one face of its holder, which is made in two
parts with two corresponding angled griping faces or jaws, like those of
a hand vice, the small loose face or jaw being secured to the main jaw or
frame piece, which fixes the whole in the cutting wheel or machine by a
central screw or cottered bolt passed through both, and a resting and
steadying tail piece, so that when screwed tightly the angled jaws grip
the improved thin flat cutter or nib so firmly that it cannot move
laterally while cutting..
The opening faces of the griping jaws may be made of any forward
projecting angle usual or suitable, at which it is desired to hold the
cutters between the right angle and parallel lines to the surface or part
being cut, or the motion of the cutter suitable for the kind of stone and
work required; and in some cases the cutting edge projecting out
beyond the gripers may be bent forward to give a greater angular cutting
action than is given by the said angle of the griping part of the jaws.
It will be seen that these improved cutters or nibs may be made of a
V or segmental shape at the back griping part (like the holding part of
steel pens) instead of flat, although the flat form of the holding jaw and
cutter is preferred, as herein-before described. These improved cutters
or nibs, besides containing little material, are when worn down easily
removed, and replaced by new ones, with little loss or waste compared
with the tools at present in use.
The larger jaw of the said improved cutting tool holder is as usual
made long as a stem (behind the said short jaw for griping the cutters
fitted into its front projecting and griping end), by which it is held in
radial or other recesses in the revolving saw, barrel, or other equivalent
part of stone or mineral cutting or dressing machinery for carrying the

page_text: cutter holders, which are fixed thereto in any of the ordinary ways by
the stiff friction of their said long stems, or by cotters or screw bolts, or
other equivalents.
The nature of the second improvement or part of this Invention con-
sists in covering the surfaces, especially the front surface, of the cutting
parts of tools for cutting or dressing freestone or other mineral with a
hard coating of porcelain or siliceous enamel by any of the known.
ordinary means, whether these cutting tools are of the improved
construction herein-before described or of other ordinary forms and
constructions, such as those in use, so as to protect them against the
abrading or grinding action of the hard grain or granular particles of the.
stone or other mineral being cut, and thus make the cutting parts of
such cutters so enamelled more efficient and durable than such cutters
have been as heretofore made.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Stevenson, William Ree, and Andrew
Dunlop in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
STEVENSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Quarry-
master, WILLIAM REE, of Stonehouse, in the same County, Engineer,
and ANDREW DUNLOP, of Glasgow, aforesaid, Clerk, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Stevenson, William
Ree, and Andrew Dunlop, Her special licence that we, the said
William Stevenson, William Ree, and Andrew Dunlop, our exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William
Stevenson, William Ree, and Andrew Dunlop, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel

page_text: Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS
FOR CUTTING COAL, FREESTONE, AND OTHER MINERALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said William Stevenson, William Ree, and
Andrew Dunlop, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Stevenson, William Ree,
and Andrew Dunlop, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our said Invention consists generally in new or improved constructions
of the immediate cutting parts of the said tools and their holders used in
ordinary machinery for cutting or for dressing freestone, coal, and other
minerals, and which makes these cutting parts more simple, economical,
and durable than they have been heretofore.
And in order that the full nature, novelty, and mode of performing
our said Invention may be properly understood, we shall now proceed to
describe the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings, which we have
hereunto appended for the purpose of showing the best modes and
means we are at present aware of for carrying our said Invention or
improvements into effect or practice, the same reference letters indi-
cating the same or like parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 is various full-sized edge views of our new or improved
cutters A. Within the minimum and maximum thickness we prefer to
use them, and corresponding to the simplest flat form shown in the front
or face views, Figures 2, 3, and 4, detached from their holders B, which
would have flat griping faces b₁, 6", to hold these; and Figure 5 shows
a front or face view and plan of a similar cutter A, but segmental in plan
or end view A³, like the nibs of steel pens, so that the griping faces of
the holders for these require to be concave and convex.
Figure 6 is a face view, edge section, and plan of an improved round
dished or semi-dished form of cutter, which would be very convenient

page_text: for some purposes, and could be turned round in the holders; and, when
not desired to do so, it might have a notched part cut out or indented, as
shown at a³, to fit a corresponding projection or recess in the holder to
prevent the cutter A from shifting or falling out; and any of these
cutters A, Figures 1 to 5, might for some purposes when desired have.
the front round cutting edge A' (which projects beyond the body part A
held by the gripers or holders) also dished or set forward at a greater
angle than these to give greater strength with an equal cutting action
and weight of cutter, as shown in edge section, Figure 1A; and for
preventing those cutters A, Figures 1 to 6, from shifting in their griping
jaws B, B", they are preferably cut, punched, or formed either with
angled projections or hollow parts a, a, at the back ends A", as shown, or
with rectangular hollow parts or projections a³, a', as shown respectively in
Figures 2, 3, and 4, 5, or these holding projections or hollow parts might
be simply indented, as shown at a³, Figure 6, in the act of cutting or
punching the cutter out of sheet iron or steel, or afterwards in a stamper
for the purpose before case hardening, or otherwise hardening or tem-
pering them, which projections or recesses fit into corresponding parts
as 6 in one or other of their griping jaws or holders B¹, B", Figures 7,10,
and 19.
Figures 7 and 8 are a side and a front edge elevation; and Figure 9, a
plan of under end corresponding to Figure 7 of an ordinary form of tool
holder B for stone cutting circular saws C, but detached therefrom, and
constructed in accordance with our Invention with new or improved
griping faces or holding jaws 6', ¿¹¹, B¹, B", for firmly griping or holding
our said new or improved cutters A, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, but.
also suitable with slight modifications for griping, or holding any of the
forms of cutters shown in Figures. 3 to 6.
Figures 10 and 11 show an inner face view of the two new or improved
griping jaws 6', B¹, ", B", detached from each other showing the angled
recess b formed in this case in the front griping face of the main jaw
and stem B¹, B, for receiving the projection a of the cutter A and cover
or front jaw b', B', and also the recess 63 at the back end for receiving
the steadying heel zin of the cover B"; but it will be understood that
the projection might be on the main jaw B' and the recesses on the outer
jaw or cover B" when desired.
Figures 12 and 13 show a side elevation and edge elevation of an
ordinary stone cutting saw C on its driving shaft C'; shown as broken

page_text: away, and with the saw fitted with our improved cutters A and
holders B¹, B", as shown and described in reference to Figures 1 to 11,
and in the act of cutting a. stone Z carried and fed forwads on the
ordinary traversing table D of the machine. The stone when so cut in
two parts will each have one side roughly dressed or faced flat by the
new or improved cutters A firmly held in their holders B, B", as shown
and described in reference to Figures 7 to 10, by a screw bolt c for each,
the ordinary main stem B of the holder being inserted and held by
V shaped grooves B³ in its edges by stiff friction within corresponding
slots C³ equally divided round the edge perimeter of the saw C in the
usual manner; and as a further safety for securing these holders B in
their slots C³ they may have round screw or riveted pins C111 or other
equivalent inserted through one of their joints, as indicated in red lines
at C in Figures 7 and 12; and on the withdrawal of this pin C¹¹¹ each
holder B is easily removed from its groove by a tapered mandrel or wedge
driven into the holo B™ formed in the under side of each holder and
slot.
Figure 14 shows a front elevation of the duplex roughing barrel E, E¹,
and its actuating shaft F, shown as broken away, for dressing the edges
of stone steps Z for stairs; and Figure 15 shows an end view of the
shaft F and barrel E, which cuts or roughs [down the straight part of
the stone steps Z, as shown in and corresponding to Figure 14; and
Figure 16 is a transverse section of the barrel E, which dresses the
moulding at the upper edge of the stone step Z, as taken on the
line 11, and corresponding to Figure 14.
Figure 17 shows an enlarged section of the barrel E, and elevation of
one of the holding jaws B¹ with the holding cover B" of the cutter A¹¹
removed; and Figure 18 is a face view of a modification of an ordinary
flat disc cutter, in which a number of these circular cutters A (analogous
to that shown in Figure 6) are formed in one piece, or punched out in
the form of one plate or cutter A", all as shown, corresponding to and
applied in the barrel E, in Figures 14 and 15.
Figure 19 is an enlarged section of the moulding barrel E¹ and
elevation of the holding jaws B¹ with the griping cover B" of the
cutters A removed; and Figure 20 shows a diagram of the position of
the circular cutters of the construction shown in Figure 6, and all
as shown corresponding and applied in the barrel E, in Figures 14, 16,
and 19.

page_text: Referring to these Figures 1 to 5 the nature, novelty, and mode of
performing the first part or improvement of our said Invention consists in
forming or punching and compressing the said cutting parts (as A,
Figures 1 to 5,) out of thin sheet steel, wrought iron, or other equivalent
hard metal, as from 1 to 1 of an inch in thickness (as shown in
Figure 1), in short pieces a little larger than the gripers (as b³, B¹, ¿¹¹, B",
Figures 7 to 10), which fix them in the holder B, each with its front
and cutting end, face, or edge of a rounded or semicircular form as A',
with their back, end, face, or edge (as A") formed with an angled or
square projection or tongue (as a, a¹), or recesses a¹¹ or a², made to fit
into a corresponding projection or recess (as 6) formed for it in one face
or jaw B¹ or B" of its holder B, which is constructed in two parts with
two corresponding angled griping faces or jaws 61, 6", like those of a hand
vice, only lying at an angle to their limbs B, B', and B". The smallest
and loose face or jaw B" being secured to the main or large jaw or frame
piece B, B', which fixes the whole in the cutting wheel C, or other part
of the machines by a central screw or cottered bolt c passed through
both jaws B¹ and B", the latter having a resting and steadying tail
piece b¹ behind the bolt, so that when screwed tightly the angled
jaws 6, 6, gripe the improved thin flat cutter or nib A so firmly that it
cannot move laterally while cutting stone or other mineral. The holding
opening faces b¹², 6, of the griping jaws B¹, B", may be made of any
forward projecting angle usual or suitable at which it is desired to set and
hold the cutters A, as between the right angle to and parallel line to the
surface or parts z of the stone Z, Figure 12, being cut, or the motion of
the cutter A when it is straight lines that are being cut, or it might be
the tangential line to the part being cut when it was a revolving round
article which was being cut by a stationary cutter, as would be suitable
for the kind of stone and work required; and in some cases the cutting
edge A' projecting out beyond the gripers 4, 6", may be bent forward
to give a greater angular cutting action than is given by the said angle
of the griping parts b², 6", of the jaws B¹, B", as shown in Figure 1 A.
•
⚫ It will be seen that these improved cutters or nibs A may be made of
a V or segmental shape at the back griping part (like the holding part
of steel pens), as shown at A2, A3, in Figure 5, respectively, instead of
flat (as shown in the former, Figures 1 to 4), although the flat form of
the holding jaw and cutter is preferred for general purposes, as herein-
before described. These improved cutters or nibs A or A³, A³, besides
containing little material are when worn down easily removed and

page_text: replaced by new ones with little loss of time or waste of metal compared
with the tools at present in use. The larger jaw B, B1, of the said
improved cutting tool holder is as usual made longer as a stem B (behind
the said short loose jaw B" for griping the cutters fitted into its front
projecting or griping end), by which it is held in radial (or it might be
other angular) recesses C³ in the revolving saw C, barrel E, E¹, or other
equivalent revolving parts of stone or other mineral cutting or dressing
machinery (or such as the travelling chains, revolving wheels, and
reciprocating bars of coal cutting and getting machines, as shown in
Figures 23 and 24) for carrying the actual cutters A or their interme-
diate holders B, B¹, as described, which are or may be fixed to these
revolving or traversing parts in any of the ordinary ways by the stiff
friction of their said long stems B in their angled or V grooves B³
abutting against the bottom of their grooves C³, or fixed by cotters or
screw bolts C, or other equivalents, such as are usually employed for
holding cutting tools in their recesses in the turning of metals.
Referring to the application of our improved cutter A when applied
to the roughing barrel E, Figures 14, 15, and 17, for the dressing of
straight parts of stones, we show the application of another modification
of our improved cutter A", Figure 18, suitable for such barrels and
work, in which the circles are all formed in one long flat plate sunk in
a recess in cach main jaw B¹ of the barrel E, and held by a cover B¹ and
screw bolts c, or it might be screw. pins, as seen more particularly in
Figure 15, with the cutters in the act of rough shaping the stone, all
instead of the solid or hollow conical cutters heretofore used ready for
the ordinary smoothing barrel on a second shaft of the machine behind
the straight shaft F with straight knives or cutters for finishing or facing
up the stone after it has been so roughed; and although we have shown
in this barrel E a combined form of the nibs or cutters A, it is to be
understood that this barrel might also be fitted with them in the
individual form shown in Figures 2 to 6, and as shown in the barrel E¹,
Figures 14, 16, and 19, in which each jaw B¹ is fitted with three or four
separate round cutters A, as shown in Figure 6, all held by one cover B"
and screw bolts and nuts c, as scen more particularly in Figures 14 and
16, for and in the act of roughing the moulding parts ¹ of steps Z for
stairs, all ready for being followed by the ordinary smoothing large flat
cutters of the exact shape of the moulding indicated by red lines in
Figure 20 fixed in a smoothing barrel on the said shaft behind the
cheft R

page_text: Referring to Figures 21 and 22 these show a holding tool B (such as
used and suitable for being fixed in the usual revolving discs or wheels
of stone flat dressing machines, or the travelling frame of stone planing
or dressing machines) modified at the jaw B¹ and cover B" suitable
for holding our new or improved cutters A, as shown and fitted with
three of the horse-shoe form, shown in Figure 2, inserted in recesses in
the lower jaw B', and fixed thereto by the cover B" and two ordinary
screw pins c passing through it, and shown in the position of rough
planing or dressing a stone, all ready for the ordinary broad flat
smoothing cutters held or formed on such holders B for subsequently
following and finishing the flat surface of the stones, otherwise all as
heretofore.
Figures 23 and 24 show a transverse vertical elevation and horizontal
section of the travelling chain B, B', carrying the cutting tools of a coal
cutting or getting machine as in the act of making the under cutting
round the outer pulley P and arm P¹ of the coal cutting engine and
machine, and shown as having the intermediate links B, B', of the chain
modified according to our improvements, having a projecting jaw B', b²,
and two of our improved cutters, as shown in Figure 2, fitted into
recesses in the face B¹ fixed thereto. by the cover B₁ and screw bolt c
passing through both gripers B¹, 6¹, and B", but it might be an ordinary
screw pin, as shown in Figures 21 and 22. These covers or jaws B" in
all the Figures bear at their extreme back ends b³ on the jaw B¹, and
with their front face 6" upon the top face of the cutter A, so as to hold
it firmly between the faces 6, 6", of these jaws B', B", all substantially
as more particularly described in reference to the full-sized views,
Figures 7 and 8.
An important novelty and advantage in the construction of our small
cutters or nibs A, only a little larger than their griping faces as 6, 6",
for cutting coal, freestone, and other minerals, are the power and facility
with which they can at once be punched to the exact shape desired out
of ordinary rolled sheets of iron, steel, or other metals or mixtures of
metals, or it might be out of hard rolled narrow flat V or segmental
shaped bands, as shown at A³, A', in Figure 5, of such metals by
ordinary punching machinery, or it might be bent into these shapes at
the same time or after punching them. After which these nibs could be
casehardened or tempered in the same manner that other iron or mix-
tures of iron and steel are, when they would be ready for inscrting into

page_text: their holders when the used ones were worn down to near their griping
jaws or faces 61, 61, thus leaving a very small bit of these new cutters
useless or waste. And when desired these cutters could be first made of
large sizes for large stone dressing machines, as shown in Figures 14 to
22; and when worn down too small for their machines and holders they
could be re-shaped or punched to the smaller sizes with very little waste.
as for the smaller class of cutters shown full size in Figures 1 to 5, for
the stone-cutting saws and coal-getting machines, shown in Figures 12,
13, and 23, 24, respectively.
Although we have only shown a few modes of fixing our improved
cutters A to a few of the more ordinary holders and main actuating parts
of a few of the principal stone and coal cutting machines in use, yet still
it is to be understood that they might be held by many other equivalent
means, as by making the jaws B" hinged like small vices, or by punching
a hole in each cutter, and having a screw pin passed through into the
main jaw B¹, b¹, and dispensing with the outer jaw B" altogether; but
we do not desire to claim these modifications.
The nature of the second improvement or part of our said Invention
consists in covering the surfaces, especially the front surface of the
cutting parts of tools for cutting or dressing freestone or other minerals,
with a hard coating of porcelain or siliceous enamel by any of the known
ordinary means, whether these cutting tools are of the improved
construction herein-before described and referred to by the several
letters A, A³, A³, A¹¹, or of other ordinary forms and constructions, such
as those in use, so as to protect them more effectually than by other
known means against the abrading or grinding action of the hard grain
or granular particles of the sandstone or other mineral being cut by
them, and thus make the cutting parts of such cutters so enamelled
more efficient and durable than such cutters have been as heretofore
made.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be
used or carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that
what we consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-

page_text: the cutting or dressing of freestone, coal, or other minerals in the motive-
power machines used for that purpose, all substantially in any of the
new or improved manners herein distinguished or described and shown
in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The punching or otherwise forming the immediate cutters or
nibs of and for motive power, stone, and other mineral-cutting and coal-
getting machines out of thin rolled sheets, bands, or strips of iron, steel,
or other metals or mixtures of metals, all substantially as herein
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modi-
fication thereof.
Third. The construction of the immediate holding jaws of motive
power stone, and other mineral-cutting and coal-getting machines in the
manner and for the purpose of griping our said new or improved cutters
or nibs, all substantially as herein described and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Fourth. The covering or enamelling of one or both sides of the imme-
diate cutting parts of the tools of motive power, stone, and other mineral
cutting and coal-getting machines with a coating of porcelain or of
siliceous enamel, substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Dunlop, on behalf of the
said William Stevenson, William Ree, and self, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
25 Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ANDREW DUNLOP. (L.s.)