APPLYING CONCENTRATED COLLODION TO THE EFFECT OF SUPERSEDING CAOUTCHOUC IN WATERPROOFING STUFFS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS FOR MANUFACTURING GARMENTS AND WEARING ARTICLES; AND ALSO FOR APPLYING IT OVER PAINTED SURFACES INSTEAD OF VARNISH
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard, of 323, Rue St.
Denis, Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Invention of "APPLYING
CONCENTRATED COLLODION TO THE EFFECT OF SUPERSEDING CAOUTCHOUC IN
WATERPROOFING STUFFS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS FOR MANUFACTURING GARMENTS
AND WEARING ARTICLES; AND ALSO FOR APPLYING IT OVER PAINTED SURFACES
INSTEAD OF VARNISH
Sealed the 15th September 1858, and dated the 26th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Hippolyte Gustave
Bérard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
on the 26th March 1858.
I, PIERRE HIPPOLYTE GUSTAVE BERARD, of 323, Rue St. Denis, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"APPLYING CONCENTRATED COLLODION TO THE EFFECT OF SUPERSEDING CAOUTCHOUC
IN WATERPROOFING STUFFS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS FOR MANUFACTURING GARMENTS
AND WEARING ARTICLES, AND ALSO FOR APPLYING IT OVER PAINTED SURFACES
INSTEAD OF VARNISH," to be as follows:-
For waterproofing stuffs, the concentrated collodion is manufactured as
described in my Patent of July, 7th 1857. 100 parts of waterproofing mixture
ready to be spread over stuffs are composed thus:-ether, 42.5 parts; azotic
cotton, 175 parts; castor oil, 355 parts; and the proper colouring substance,
4-5 parts.
Instead of castor oil, other oily substances may be used, and its proportion
is modified according to the degree of stiffness or suppleness required, for
[Price &.1

page_text: instance, in waterproofing cloth for garments, I take 11 per cent, of castor oil
whilst, for making shoes or similar articles, I take only 2, 3, or 4 per cent.
It may be applied over tissues or stuffs by a similar process, and with similar
machinery to that used for caoutchouc or oily substances. Several thin
layers, from 3 to 6, ought to be applied on these stuffs, the second being
applied when the first is dry.
This concentrated mixture may be applied on one or on both sides of the
stuff to be waterproofed. Fine imitations of leather can be obtained; which
may be afterwards figured under a suitable press or between cylinders by
the usual process.
The varnish, with or without colour, for spreading over painted surfaces is
composed thus-alcohol, 10 parts; ether, 63 parts; azotic cotton, 25 parts;
castor oil, 2 parts.
This varnish can be spread over wood, household furniture, metals, walls,
ceilings, pictures, instead of varnish of other kinds, to which it is preferable,
being cheaper and more lasting. The
The proportions of the mixture can be
modified according to the requirements for using it altogether as oil paint and
varnish; after the required colouring substance has been mixed with the
collodion, I sometimes add from 10 to 15 parts of castor or other oil, then it
is spread over the surface as usual with a brush.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
HIPPOLYTE GUSTAVE BERARD, of 323, Rue St. Denis, Paris, in the Empire of
Fiance, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard, Her special licence that 1, the said
Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the

page_text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "APPLYING CONCENTRATED COLLODION TO THE
EFFECT OF SUPERSEDING CAOUTCHOUC IN WATERPROOPING STUFFS OF
ALL DESCRIP:
TIONS FOR MANUFACTURING GARMENTS AND WEARING ARTICLES, AND ALSO FOR
APPLYING IT OVER PAINTED SURFACES INSTEAD OF VARNISH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard, my.
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained-in
and by the following statement:-
The concentrated collodion manufactured by the process described in the
Specification of the Patent granted to me on the Seventh day of July, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, is composed as follows, when it is'
intended to waterproof stuffs or woven fabrics of all descriptions, made either
with flax, hemp, cotton, wool, silk, or any other textile material, as well as any
other kind of stuff, such as felt, paper, and similar articles.
For manufacturing one thousand parts in weight of my waterproofing con.
centrated collodion, I take four hundred and twenty-five parts of ether, one
hundred and seventy-five parts of azotic cotton, 'three hundred and seventy-five
parts of castor oil, and twenty-five parts of either vegetable, animal, or mineral
colouring material.
The proportions of castor oil, or any other oily or fat substance, may be
modified according to the degree of suppleness or stiffness required; thus, for
stuffs intended for making garments, I would mix eleven per cent. of castor
oil, whilst if it is intended for an imitation of leather, either for shoes, boots,
or any other article, I would put into the mixture two, three, or four per cent.
of oil, as may be required. The application of the concentrated collodion, as
related above, over the woven or felted stuffs made of fibrous materials; "
whether of a vegetable or of. an animal nature, is effected by the usual
process and apparatus employed for manufacturing cerecloth, or for applying.
caoutchouc over tissues. The concentrated collodion is very easily applied.
It is taken from the vessel which.contains it either with a bricklayer's trowel;
or a large and pliable blade,'aud laid before the smoothing knife. The

page_text: stuff being carried away by a winding roller, carries along with it the layer of
collodion, the thickness of which is regulated by the smoothing knife, which
can be raised or lowered at pleasure, as may be required. The layers must be
applied very thinly. I commonly apply from four to six layers, according as
the tissue to be prepared is fine or rough grained, and consequently requires a
layer more or less thick. The first layer must be perfectly dry before laying
the second one over it, so as to be certain that all the dampness which sticks
to it in damp weather has disappeared. Dry weather is the most suitable for
performing this operation.
purposes.
The various stuffs thus prepared with collodion may be used either for
manufacturing garments or fancy wearing objects, which are made of stuffs
covered with caoutchouc; they may also be used for manufacturing artificial
leather, which is done by rolling it between hot figured rollers at a tem-
perature from 100 to 115 degrees Fahrenheit. The upper copper or brass
roller, either engraved or smooth, is hollow, in order that steam may be
admitted inside; it bears upon a lower smooth roller made of sheets of thick
paper or paste board set edgeways together; the surface of the lower roller is
formed or figured by the pressure of the upper roller. This method of rolling
stuffs is used for calendering paper, ribbons, and other objects. The collodion
covered stuffs passing between the two rollers just said, receives the impression
of any required fancy pattern, and assumes the appearance of a natural or
fancy leather; it can then be used as well as natural leather for boot and shoe
making, sadlery, coach making, and for
many other
For covering papers for the purpose of rendering them impervious, I use
the same concentrated collodion, either with or without any colored material
being mixed with it; the process and apparatus for covering paper is nearly
the same as for covering woven stuffs, as previously described. The paper
being wound upon a roller placed before the spreading blade, which can be
regulated so as to leave the required thickness of collodion, the paper is then
carried away by an endless cloth to another winding roller placed at a distance
from fifteen to twenty yards from the first, so as to give the collodion time to
dry; in that manner pieces of paper of a great length can be prepared. The
first layer must be very thinly spread over the paper. It is then left to dry
about twenty-four hours before spreading the second layer, in order to avoid
the formation of bladders on the surface, which would inevitably happen if the
first layer were not perfectly dry before the application of the second, and the
same care must be taken with the following layers. By this process I can
produce impervious papers of all shades or hues by mixing with the concen-
trated collodion, as before said, either vegetable, animal, or mineral colors

page_text: triturated with castor oil. The paper thus prepared with collodion can be
applied to bookbinding, paper hanging, and many other purposes. It is then
figured by rolling at a temperature of from 104 to 122 degrees Fahrenheit
as is done with common colored fancy paper, and with imitation or artificial
leather.
For manufacturing artificial flower leaves or foliage, the paper in question
may be used instead of the stuffs commonly employed for that purpose. The
paper being first made of a suitable green hue, the leaves are punched out as
usual of the required shape; they are then figured with the tools commonly
used, and which should be heated to about 100 or 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
The resemblance will be most perfect if the figuring tools are made from
prints obtained by the galvano-plastic process from natural leaves. The
stiffening rib is then agglutinated over the leaf by means of a little thin
collodion laid on with a brush; no other kind of glue would stick to it.
In order to produce a cheap kind of paper for roofing purposes, I mix
from forty to fifty per cent. of tar with the collodion; the tar after being
mixed with the collodion will no longer melt by heat.
The concentrated collodion manufactured by the process described in my.
Patent of the Seventh July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, may
be used for covering surfaces instead of common oil paints or varnish. It can
be advantageously applied to many industrial purposes as varnish, and,
generally, instead of and where oil paint or varnish might be applied.
The composition of one thousand parts in weight of concentrated collodion
varnish is as follows:-One hundred parts of alcohol, six hundred and thirty
parts of ether, two hundred and fifty parts of azotic cotton, and twenty parts
of castor oil. According as the varnish is required to be unctuous or dry, I
can modify the proportion of the various constituents employed; thus, for
making a substitute for oil paint, from ten to fifteen per cent. of either castor
oil or any other oily substance may be added to the collodion after first
mixing it with a suitable quantity of color of either a mineral, animal, or
vegetable nature. Any kind of brush used by painters can be employed with
the collodien, and the way of applying it is the same as for common oil paint.
Concentrated collodion without color may be added to house paints pre-
pared with linseed and turpentine oils, as by this means the thickness of the
covering may be increased, and thus rendered morelasting, whilst the rapidity
of the drying is at the same time augmented. The collodion in question has
the property of preventing the surfaces to which it is applied from being
affected by water, or by such a degree of temperature as would otherwise
alter or damage other kinds of paints or varnishes.

page_text: This paint or concentrated collodion, either with or without color, is
capable of receiving a fine polish, so that walls or other surfaces covered with
it may be made to resemble stucco. It is applied with a brush, as common oi
paint or varnish, several layers being applied, one after the other, till the
thickness is thought sufficient; then it is rubbed over softly with a dossil or
pad of cotton or tow covered with a soft cloth dipped in ether; all the
surfaces are then rapidly smoothed down, the ether dissolving superficially
the collodion paint or varnish over which it is rubbed; the shining increases
by rubbing on, as is the case with common varnish (vernis au tampon).
Having now described my Invention, I wish to have it well understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise proportions of the substances mentioned
in the composition of concentrated collodion for the purposes herein related,
nor in the process of applying it over stuffs or surfaces, as various modifica-
tions may be introduced without changing the character of the said Invention;
but the principal novelties are,―
1st. Manufacturing impervious fabrics or tissues by applying concentrated
collodion having substantially the composition herein described, for the purpose
of obtaining either smooth or figured stuffs by running the said tissues between
suitably heated rollers; the stuffs thus obtained being intended to supercede
caoutchouc covered stuffs and some kinds of leather.
2nd. Manufacturing impervious papers intended for various purposes,
namely, for bookbinding, jewelry case making, furniture hangings, artificial
foliage, roof coverings, preserving walls from dampness, and other similar
applications.
3rd. Spreading concentrated collodion over all surfaces which could
receive a coating of oil paint or varnish, and using it as a substitute therefor.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Hippolyte Gustave Bérard, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
P. H. G. BERARD. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed in the presence of
L. D'AUBREVILLE,
Boulevart de Strasbourg, 60,
Paris.