Apparatus for the Manufacture of Lamp-black, Carbon Black.
Year: 1891

page_text: Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 14th Nov., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for the Manufacture of Lamp-black, Carbon Black.
I, EDWIN BINNEY, Manufacturer, residing at No. 182 Alexander Avenue,
New York City, County of New York, State of New York, U.S.A., do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The objects of my invention are to manufacture lamp-black from oil in an
improved and economical manner, whereby waste of the production and unnecessary
expenditure of labor are avoided, and to manufacture carbon-black from gas in
such manner as to obtain an improved quality of black which shall have the soft
flaky texture of lamp-black and the superior color of carbon-black made in the
ordinary ways.
The general practice heretofore in making lamp-black from oil has been to throw
the oil-flame into a closed specially-constructed building, and after the operation
has been continued for the requisite length of time the flame is shut off and the
building allowed to cool and workmen are sent into it to scrape the deposited lamp-
black from its walls and remove it from the building. There are objections to this
manner of operation, the principal ones being, first, there is a considerable waste of
the product; second, the cost of labor for removing the lamp-black from the
building, and, third, the time lost in the cooling of the building before the work-
men can enter it. For these reasons the cost of the product is unnecessarily
increased beyond what it should be.
In making carbon-black from gas it has heretofore been the custom to cause the
gas-flame to impinge directly against a metal surface, from which the deposited
black is removed by scrapers. The objection to this method of operation is that
the high heat to which the deposited black is subjected during its deposition or
subsequently gives it a granular or crystalline form, which may readily be observed
under a suitable glass. For some purposes therefore, notwithstanding the superior
color of carbon-black-as, for instance, in the manufacture of ink-it is necessary
to mix with it lamp-black, which has a softer and more flaky texture.
In my invention I avoid the impingement of the flame upon metallic surfaces in
the manner in which it has heretofore been done and conduct the carboniferous
vapors or products of combustion into a chamber, on the inner walls of which the
carbon is deposited. In other words, such black, whether lamp black from oil or
carbon-black from gas, as is formed in the depositing-chamber of my improved
apparatus, is not formed by the impingement of a flame upon a metal surface. If,
therefore, the flame should be caused to impinge more or less against a metallic
surface, whereby more or less black would be deposited thereupon, such portion of
the flame, products of combustion, or carboniferous vapours as are conducted from
said plate into the depositing-chamber will deposit their lamp-black or carbon-black
upon the walls of the chamber.
My invention therefore comprehends an improved organization of apparatus

page_text: involving a depositing-chamber, into which the carboniferous vapors are conducted,
the flame being preferably not directed into the chamber, as it is desired that the
chamber be kept as cool as possible, and if the flame or any portion of it does enter
the chamber it does not impinge directly against the walls thereof in the manner
in which such flames have heretofore been caused to impinge upon metal plates, as 5
above stated, and a scraper acting upon the walls of the chamber to remove the
black therefrom, the action of the scraper being due to the movement of these parts
relatively to each other, the chamber preferably being stationary and the scraper
operated therein by suitable mechanism.
The invention further comprehends in such an organization a .conveyor arranged
within the chamber, upon or into which the black scraped from the walls of the
chamber is deposited and removed by the conveyor from the chamber. By pre-
ference the scraper and conveyor would both be continuously operated by power,
so that the operation of removing the black from the walls of the chamber and
conveying it thence to a suitable receptacle is a continuous and automatic one. 1
I may-employ a series or gang of such chambers and scrapers and have the cou-
veyor of each chamber deliver the black to a common conveyor, which carries it to
the storehouse or receptacle.
-
In the accompanying drawings,
:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through an apparatus embodying my. 2
invention;
Fig. 2, a transverse section thereof, and
Fig. 3 an end view of a gang of depositing-chambers with the scrapers geared
together.
The collecting or depositing chamber A is in this instance shown as of cylindrical 2
form, its front and rear ends being closed. At the front end of the chamber is a
smoke pipe or stack B, having a draft-regulating damper 6 therein. A furnace C
is located at the opposite end of the cylinder. The cylinder is shown as mounted
on a masonry or other foundation E. The scraper F is arranged within the.
cylinder, and in this instance it is shown as consisting of a shaft f, having bearings-3
in the front and rear ends of the cylinder and carrying a series of radial arms or
spiders, to the outer ends of which are secured longitudinal plates f, that are
in close proximity to the interior surface of the cylinder and act as scrapers.
When the shaft fis revolved, the scrapers disengage the lamp-black or carbon-
black from the surface of the cylinder and it falls into a trough G, extending longi-3
tudinally along the bottom of the cylinder. Within this trough is any suitable
conveyor, a screw conveyor in this instance being shown. The black delivered into
the trough is by the action of the conveyor carried forward to its discharge end,
from whence it may fall into a suitable receptacle or be received by another con-
veyor and carried to the desired point. When a gang or series of depositing-4
chambers are employed, they are preferably arranged side by side, as shown in the
drawings, and the black delivered from the trough G of each chamber falls into a
transverse trough H, provided with a conveyor that carries the black to the store-
house. The conveyors of the several troughs G may be geared or belted, as shown,
to a common shaft G¹, from which they are all simultaneously driven. In like. 4
manner the shafts of the scrapers may be driven from the common driving-
shaft F.
The furnace C is of any ordinary construction suitable for the purpose herein
indicated. When oil is to be burned for the manufacture of lamp-black, the con-
struction illustrated may be adopted-that is to say, the oil is supplied through a 5
pipe D in regulated quantity to a pot C' within the furnace and above the fire-
box C. In starting the apparatus or as long as may be considered necessary or
desirable a fire may be maintained in the fire-box C. The carboniferous vapors
or products of combustion pass from the furnace by a passage-way C³, leading into
the end of the cylinder or depositing-chamber.
Where lamp-black is being made from oil, the interior of the cylinder or deposit,
ing-chamber may be lined with zinc or other suitable material, as is well understood
5

page_text: in the art. Where carbon-black is being made from gas, the flame may be burned
from the end of the pipe D. The specific details of the furnace or oil or gas burner,
however, will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, and do not form
any part of my present invention.
With this apparatus the operation of making lamp or carbon black may be
automatically continued without interruption for long periods of time, the power
required for working the conveyors and scrapers is small, and the number of
attendants or operators very few.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination of a depositing-chamber having a draft-opening and an inlet
for carboniferous vapors or products of combustion, a suitable burner or furnace
for oil or gas arranged in proper relation to said inlet, a scraper arranged within
and acting on the interior surface of the chamber to remove the lamp or carbon
black therefrom, and means for operating the scraper from the outside of the
depositing-chamber.
2. The combination of a burner or furnace, a chamber the depositing-wall of
which is out of contact with the flame from the burner, the scraper arranged
therein and operating upon the walls of the chamber to remove the black there-
from, and a conveyor arranged at the bottom of the chamber and acting to convey
the black therefrom.
3. The combination of a furnace or burner, a depositing chamber the wall of
which is out of contact with the flame from the burner and having a draft-outlet
and an inlet for carboniferous vapors or products of combustion, a scraper arranged
within and acting to remove the black from the surface of the chamber, means for
producing the movement of one of these parts relatively to the other, a conveyor
arranged at the bottom of the chamber, and means for operating the conveyor to
convey the black from the chamber.
4. The combination of the furnace, the cylindrical chamber, the passage from the
furnace to the chamber, the rotary scraper arranged within the chamber, and a
conveyor for removing the black from the chamber.
5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a closed chamber
into which carboniferous vapors are conveyed from an outside furnace or burner, a
scraper traversing the depositing-walls of the chamber, and a conveyor for removing
the carbon from the chamber.
6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of
stationary cylindrical depositing chambers arranged side by side, rotary scrapers
therein, gearing connecting the scrapers to rotate coincidently, conveyors for
carrying off the black removed from the chambers by the scrapers, and gearing for
causing the conveyors to move coincidently.
7. The combination of a series of depositing-chambers, each having an inlet for
carboniferous vapors and a draft-outlet, a scraper arranged in each chamber, a
conveyor in each chamber for removing the black therefrom, and a common con-
veyor for receiving the black from all the chambers and conveying it to the
desired point.
8. Apparatus for the manufacture of lamp-black and carbon-black, substantially
as bereinbefore described.
Sioned at the City of New York NY this 30th day of Sentember 1891