matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
LM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING, AND SUPPLYING FUEL TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Catlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1877.
CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker. "LM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING, AND SUPPLYING FUEL TO
STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES.”
This Invention consists of improved apparatus for breaking or crushing the
larger pieces of coal supplied to the hopper, and for regulating the discharge there-
from.
To an improved construction of rotary vane fuel-distributer for projecting and
distributing the fuel within the furnace, and to the means of imparting a varying
or changing speed of rotation to such distributer.
According to my Invention I employ within the hopper, or within the neck or
lower portion of the hopper, a crusher plate, the face of which is corrugated; the
plate aforesaid is suspended so as to admit of an oscillatory or to-and-fro motion of
the lower portion of the plate across the lower portion of the hopper, by which the
larger pieces of coal are broken on the receding or return movement of the crusher.
plate; the broken and smaller coal will pass from the hopper to the distributer. I
prefer the hinge or fulcrum of the crusher plate should be near the front plate of
the hopper, and the oscillatory motion is imparted by means of a tappet or lever
motion.
For distributing the fuel I employ a rotating shaft having vanes or plates attached
thereto; the vanes or plates are set, some parallel with the line of the axis so as to
throw the fuel directly forwards, that is to say, along the centre of the furnace ;
others of the vanes or plates are set at an angle to the axis so as to throw the fuel
to the right and to the left sides of the furnace.
I impart motion to the rotating shaft and fuel distributing vanes or plates by
means of two driving pulleys (and strap) eccentric to their driving shafts, and
so secure a constantly changing speed or rotation of the distributing vanes and
shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CHURNING MILK, WASHING CLOTHES, DRESSING CASTINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE Two SPEEDS ARE REQUIRED IN ONE REVOLUTION OF THE MACHINE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tomkinson Grindrod at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1877.
JOHN TOMKINSON GRINDROD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CHURNING
MILK, WASHING CLOTHES, DRESSING CASTINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE
Two SPEEDS ARE REQUIRED IN ONE REVOLUTION OF THE MACHINE."
This Invention has for its object the giving of two speeds in one revolution of
the machine by simply turning a wheel at one uniform velocity instead of having
to turn irregularly as at present. For this purpose I key to the shaft which carries
the churn a toothed wheel gearing into another toothed wheel at the top, keyed to
or forming part of a fly wheel for working the churn or machine, which fly wheel
works on a stud or shaft in the frame side. The axis of both these wheels are
placed out of the centres so as to form a cam or ellipse, the consequence being that
when motion is given to the fly wheel, the toothed wheel fixed to it works into
the teeth of the wheel fixed to the bearing shaft and gives it motion; and as the
axis of the wheels are not central the machine has two different speeds or velocities
given to it at each revolution, so shaking, agitating, and disturbing the contents to
get the required amount of displacement required.
AN IMPROVED SOLITAIRE OR SLEEVE STUD OR FASTENING FOR WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Grindrod at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1877. .
ISAAC GRINDROD, Watch Maker and Jeweller, 33, Toad Lane, Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED SOLITAIRE OR SLEEVE STUD OR FASTENING
FOR WEARING APPAREL."
The object of this Invention is to supersede the solitaires or sleeve links now
generally worn, the use of which injures and disarranges the eyelet holes in the
sleeves of the garment, causing undue wear to that portion of the sleeve.
The Invention consists in making the upper and lower portions of the sleeve link
or solitaire in two separate parts, which are fastened together or become detached
from each other by the application of a sliding pin actuated by a spring, the
upper or ornamental part of a circular or any preferable shape, having underneath a
hollow shank or boss. The lower portion is made of a similar shape, but of smaller
dimensions than the upper part, and also with a similar shank or boss, but having
fitted therein and projecting vertically therefrom a square spindle or pin, which is
made to slide into and out of the boss belonging to the upper portion of the sleeve
link, the slide pin projecting slightly at the edge, which when pushed in by pressure
from the finger disengages the slide pin from the square spindle projecting from the
lower portion, causing the two parts to separate for the purpose of unfastening the
sleeve of the garment.
When it is required to fasten the sleeve each of the two portions is inserted in
the eyelet holes respectively from the top and bottom, and when the two bosses
meet the slide pin actuated by the spring slides into an aperture made for that
purpose in the square spindle projecting vertically from the lower portion of the
link, thus securely fastening the two together. The bosses being both of the same
diameter a smooth even surface is the result.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BRUSH FOR CLEANING BARRELS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Tasker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1877. A communication
from Charles Antoine Duprez, of Reims, France.
JOHN WILLIAM TASKER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Patent Agent. "A
NEW OR IMPROVED BRUSH FOR CLEANING BARRELS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES." A com-
munication from Charles Antoine Duprez, of Reims, France.
This Invention relates to a new or improved brush specially adapted for cleaning
the insides of barrels, particularly the parts around the bung hole. The impurities
thrown off by beer accumulate in these parts, and as the barrel becomes empty the
yeast hardens and is difficult to remove.
The improved brush is constructed similarly to an umbrella, that is to say, it
consists of a central rod having two sets of ribs, one set hinged to the end of the
rod, and the other hinged to a sliding ferrule. The ends of the two sets of ribs are
connected by pins or hinges, and brushes are attached to the set which radiate from
the ferrule. When closed, the ribs lie close to the central rod, and in this state they
can be passed through the bung hole; then by withdrawing the central rod and
holding down the ferrule the brush is opened or distended within the barrel and
adjusts itself to the interior, so that by turning it round several times the yeast and
other impurities are removed.
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1877.
WILLIAM CLAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of iron and steel relates to
the manufacture of puddled or wrought steel and puddled or wrought iron in the
puddling furnace.
In the existing manufacture of puddled or wrought steel great skill and dexterity
on the part of the workman are required to ascertain when the metal under operation
is in the exact or proper condition required and of the proper degree of carboni-
zation required for producing the particular hardness or quality of metal. As this
operation requires very attentive and intelligent observation on the part of the
workman he often fails in his endeavour to obtain a regular or uniform quality.
My improvement consists in puddling the pig iron to such a degree as to work
out all or nearly all the carbon contained in the charge, and when the wrought iron
is nearly ready to take out of the furnace I introduce into the furnace a certain
defined quantity of refined pig or cast iron in a inolten or granulated form or in
any other divided state. This or other iron having a known quantity of carbon is
coinbined with or worked into the charge, so as to re-carbonize or give the charge
the exact and definite quantity of carbon required for each desired degree of hard-
ness or temper.
When wrought iron only is required I propose to use refined cast iron or other
description of iron in a state of fine division, together with a proportion of oxide of
iron or iron ore. This when thrown into the furnace (when the iron is about ready
for balling) will increase the weight of the charge, and the quality of the iron will
be found improved.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN WATER TAPS OR COCKS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1877.
HENRY HARRISON, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Plumber. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WATER TAPS OR COCKS."
In the construction of taps for domestic purposes a leather washer is employed
for forming the valve, but which soon wears away by usage.
This Invention consists in dispensing with such leather washer, and in lieu
thereof a loose ball made of india-rubber, wood, or other material, is used. For taps
working at high pressure I prefer to place this ball under the valve seating,
so that the pressure of water forces the ball up to the seating, and entirely closes
the passage.
"
כן
The ordinary screw of the tap is slightly enlarged or cupped' at its
bottom end, and rests upon the said ball, so that when the tap is required to be
opened the screw is turned in the usual manner, and pushes the ball from the
seating, thereby allowing water to escape, and immediately the screw is turned in
the opposite direction the pressure of the water forces the ball back to its seat and
closes the tap.
For taps working at low pressure or used for hot water I prefer to place the ball
on the top of the seating with the enlarged or "cupped" end of the screw resting
upon it as in the previous case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald Wigram and Frederick
James Cribb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February
1877.
REGINALD WIGRAM and FREDERICk James Cribb, both of the Steam Plough
Works, Leeds, in the County of York.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND
OTHER STEAM ENGINES."
This Invention consists in a novel arrangement of the blast, by which it is partly
taken through the fire, and partly used as a jet in the chimney, whereby the escape
of steam is hidden, and noise is prevented.
The exhaust steam we conduct into an exhaust chamber, from which are two
outlets, one through a pipe leading to the chimney, the other through a pipe leading
to the fire, and terminating in jets in the fire-box. At the mouth of each of the
outlets from the exhaust chamber is a valve; one of these valves is connected by
a rod with one arm of a bell-crank lever, and the other valve to the other arm
of the lever. The lever is within the exhaust chamber, and is carried by an axis
which passes out from the chamber. By turning the axis, either one of the valves
can be moved away from, whilst the other is moved towards, its seat, so that by
turning the axis the amount of exhaust steam allowed to pass directly to the
chimney and to the fire-box respectively can readily be controlled.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE COLLECTION OF FARES OR OTHER MONIES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sisson Stafford and Thomas
Dalgleish at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December
1877.
WILLIAM SISSON STAFFORD and THOMAS DALGLEISHI, both of Edinburgh, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED
IN THE COLLECTION OF FARES OR OTHER MONIES."
This Invention, which relatos to an improved apparatus to bo used in the collection
of fares or other moneys, is designed to prevent or reduce the loss arising from
dishonesty of guards or conductors of public vehicles, and of other officials having
control over the collection or taking of money. It consists of a rectangularly
shaped receptacle, part or parts of which are preferably made of glass or other
transparent material, and having a slot or aperture on the upper side into which
the money is placed by the person or persons from whom it is collected.
The money on passing into the receptacle is received upon a platform or bottom,
which bottom is so constructed that it may be tilted or inclined at will for the
purpose of dislodging the money, and causing it to slide or move through a funnel
or V shaped groove into a bag, box, or other receptacle attached to the underside of
that into which the money is first placed. The said bag or box is fitted with a lock
or other equivalent means of safety.
Money collected by this apparatus does not pass into the hands of the official,
whereby the interest on his part in deception is removed, and a means of ascertaining
that each person has deposited in the apparatus the proper sum is provided.
MENTS IN VENT PEGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Dagnall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1877.
CHARLES DAGNALL, of Red Hill, in the County of Surrey, Brewer.
MENTS IN VENT PEGS."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to what are known as vent pegs for beer casks and other
similar purposes, and it has for its object rendering the same automatic in their
action, so that by the act of turning the tap for drawing off the beer the necessary
air for admitting of the flow of the liquid will be caused to enter through the peg,
and that when the tap is turned off the air inlet will immediately close without any
manipulation on the part of the domestic or other attendant.
In carrying out my Invention, in order to effect this object I employ a tubular peg
composed of metal or other suitable material and of a bent or syphon form, one leg
of which peg is inserted in the orifice of the cask, whilst the other is fitted with a
valve for regulating the admission of the air.
The valve, which may be of an elongated form and provided with flutings or
channels on its side and on its upper surface for the passage of the air, or of a
spherical or of any other suitable shape, has its seat in a perforated plug or cover
which is screwed into or otherwise secured to the leg of the peg in which the valve
is fitted.
The apparatus operates in the following manner :- -When the tap is turned on, air
enters through the perforation or perforations of the said plug or cover, and lifting
the valve from its seat passes through the tube into the cask, the supply of air
continuing so long as the tap remains in the same position; so soon however as the
tap is turned off, the valve falls to its seat, thereby closing the air inlet and preventing
any further admission of air until the valve is again lifted on the tap being again
turned on. The apparatus is thus entirely self-acting, no attention whatever being
required either for admitting or cutting off the supply of air on the part of the
omestic or other person engaged in drawing the beer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF PAPER SO AS TO RENDER THEM TRANSPARENT
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Warwick Brookes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1877.
WARWICK BROOKES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF PAPER SO AS TO RENDER THEM TRANSPARENT."
This Invention relates to a new method of and apparatus for waxing negatives
or positive photographs, or other paper articles, which are required to be rendered
transparent.
I provide a flat shallow box or closed vessel, of copper or other suitable metal, of
a size corresponding with the work to be done, the box or vessel being supplied
with a feed opening for supplying the same with water, and an escape valve or
opening for the steam. Beneath the box or vessel I arrange a series of gas burners.
When the box or vessel is filled with water and the gas is lighted the flat top of
the box becomes heated to a regular heat all over, and I then take the photograph
or other article and lay it upon a sheet of blotting paper placed on the top of the
box, and as soon as it becomes thoroughly heated I take a piece of white wax in
the hand and thoroughly wax it all over. I then take a linen or other suitable
cloth and wipe off the superfluous wax from the surface. They are then placed in
a press till cold or set, and the operation is complete.
This operation will be found more rapid and effective than the usual process,
and can be carried on without intermission as long as the gas is kept lighted and
the box or vessel supplied with water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS AND HARNESS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Richardson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1877.
GEORGE RICHARDSON, of Altrincham, in the County of Chester, Harness Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS AND HARNESS."
My Invention relates more particularly to horse collars, but may also be found
to be applicable with advantage to saddles or other harness for horses or other
animals.
When one of the said collars is in use, as for example, when being worn by an
animal drawing a vehicle, certain parts of the collar are pressed very forcibly against
the neck and shoulders of the animal, and in many cases abrasions and sores are
produced by the combination of this pressure with friction arising from the move-
ments of the muscles.
To prevent the formation of these sores, and to otherwise render the collar more
comfortable to the animal, is the object of my Invention. To this end I line the
inside of the collar, or a part or parts of the collar, or of the inside of the collar
with a material known as "sponge india-rubber" or "india-rubber sponge."
The said material is prepared from caoutchouc, is vulcanized, and has a spongy
or cellulose character.. The said material is elastic, soft, and compressible, and when
the muscles of the animal are in action, the surface of the material which is in
contact with the skin is capable of following the movements of the part with
which it is in contact, and the nature of the material adapting it to take a firm
hold upon any surface without having a tendency to slip, frictional contact is
avoided, whereby the injurious effect upon the skin of the animal is greatly
reduced.
the
In addition to these advantages the porous character of the material by facilitating
escape of exudations from the skin has, in my opinion, a beneficial effect.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR AUTOMATICALLY HOLDING WINDOW SASHES OPEN AT ANY DESIRED ELEVATION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walter Morgan and Charles
Bassett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1877.
JOHN WALTER MORGAN, Iron Founder, of Llantrissant, and CHARLES BASSETT,
Bank Manager, of Pontypridd, in the County of Glamorgan. " IMPROVED
APPLIANCES FOR AUTOMATICALLY HOLDING WINDOW SASHES OPEN AT ANY
DESIRED ELEVATION."
According to this Invention a recess is formed in the sides of the sash to admit a
piece of wood or metal shaped to receive a spring or springs of india-rubber or
metal, or any elastic substance. The recess in the wood or metal is hollowed out at
both ends, or the same may be done by simply grooving the sash rail, one end being
considerably larger than the other, thus forming a wedge-shaped orifice which
tightens the spring or springs. By this Invention ropes and pullies may be
dispensed with, the sash remaining at any desired point. The apparatus prevents
the shaking of the window in stormy weather, and is readily applied.
VENTILATING WATERPROOF GARMENTS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Quin at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 11th January 1877.
JAMES QUIN, of Leyland, in the County of Lancaster.
VENTILATING WATERPROOF GARMENTS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
I make the garments of single texture waterproof fabric with a loose lining of a
non-waterproof material, and I make the two side seams and the back seam open
down to about the waist or lower with their edges overlapping about two inches, and
stitched or sewn together at intervals so as to connect them together. The edges
are faced with waterproof material, and the inner lap is provided near to its edge
with a cord under the facing, which cord at the lower end of the open part of the
seam is curved or brought outwards, and this cord forms a ridge and arrests any
water that may have partly penetrated the open seam, and as it runs down to the
bottom of the open part throws it outwards.
Underneath the armpits I either insert gores of porous non-waterproof_material,
or I punch holes through the waterproof fabric. By these means I form a
thoroughly waterproof garment which is at the same time amply ventilated.
MENTS IN CARDS FOR CARDING FIBRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Kellett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1877.
SIMON KELLETT, of Liversedge, in the County of York, Card Maker.
MENTS IN CARDS FOR CARDING FIBRES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to an improved card for carding wool, cotton, and other
fibres, the teeth being of hardened and tempered steel, and of such form and pointing
as to enable the teeth of the "fancy rollers" to be "put down," that is to say, the
teeth of the "fancy rollers" may be deeper within the spaces of the card teeth upon
the cylinders, thereby actuating the fancy rollers' teeth to clean out the loose fibre
and dirt out of or from between the cards upon the cylinders.
"
The teeth of the cards, made according to this Invention, are flat or of other
section, from the point to the head of round section to and including the ". crown;
the points are cut to an obtuse angle, and the teeth of such cards are afterwards
hardened and tempered; and, in use, the point so made is retained without the
necessity of grinding, the cost and labour, of use of emery rollers is avoided, and such
cards are specially applicable for feeder filleting, and "lickers in Breast cylinders,"
workers, fancies, and other card-clothed rollers or cylinders.
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF LAYING THE RAILS OF TRAMWAYS, WHEREBY, AND BY THE USE OF AN IMPROVED FORM OF SLEEPER, SUBSIDENCE OF THE RAILS, SLEEPERS, AND ROADWAY ADJOINING the RAILS IS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel William Nugent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1877.
SAMUEL WILLIAM NUGENT, of Number 31, Lower Sackville Street, in the City
of Dublin, Civil Engineer. "A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF LAYING THE
RAILS OF TRAMWAYS, WHEREBY, AND BY THE USE OF AN IMPROVED FORM OF
SLEEPER, SUBSIDENCE OF THE RAILS, SLEEPERS, AND ROADWAY ADJOINING the
RAILS IS PREVENTED."
The tramway rails are to be laid on an improved form of sleeper, whereby the
substratum of the sleepers or rails or adjoining roadway will be prevented from
working up to the surface of the street or road over which said rails are laid, and
whereby the said rails, sleepers, or the roadway adjoining said rails will be prevented
from sinking or subsiding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE UTILIZATION OF WATER POWER AND THE COMPRESSION OF AIR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Swan and John Hughes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1877.
JAMES SWAN and John Hughes, both of Formby, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE UTILIZATION OF WATER POWER AND THE
COMPRESSION OF AIR."
This Invention consists in apparatus for utilizing water power by converting it
into more manageable pneumatic power. We construct an annular trough in which
a weighted chamber like a gazometer floats in water or other liquid; within the
annulus is a second covered chamber into which the water from the head is let;
this water forces the air up through a valve into the floating chamber, raising the
said chamber; when it has been raised to its full height the valve between the
floating chamber and the central one is then automatically closed, and the air fromn
the floating chamber is utilized for work. The water falling in the central
chamber draws air by means of a pipe and valves from another chamber, in which
is another similar weighted moveable chamber which by the partial vacuum formed,
is drawn up, and by its descent after gives out power by compressing air. Thus,
while one chamber is filling, the other is giving out power. The annular trough
should be kept full of liquid, but in some cases can be entirely dispensed with,
the central chamber being immersed in the water, and a pipe with a valve on the
top being placed below it above the water line, syphons can take the place
of valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Jennings, Henry Drake, and
Joseph Helliwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th
October 1877.
FREDERICK JENNINGS, HENRY DRAKE, and JOSEPH HELLIWELL, all of Halifax, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.'
"
These improvements have reference to stoppers for bottles containing beer, porter,
or other fermented liquids, and also to the method of holding the stopper in the
bottle, and the first part of the Invention consists in the use and employment of a
hinged hoop or link capable of swivelling or turning round in one of the ordinary
grooves formed in the top part of a bottle. A stopper made of wood, glass, or other
suitable material is placed in the neck of the bottle.
The stopper is bevilled on the top, so that when the hoop or link is drawn or
pulled on to the top of the stopper such stopper is wedged and held firmly in the
bottle.
To prevent the hinged hoop or link going too far on the bevilled part of the
stopper a projection is left thereon, which also acts as a cam for taking off the hoop
when uncorking.
The second part of the Invention consists in placing a flange or rim around the
top part of a bottle neck, having upright projections with inclined grooves formed
therein. A stopper having pins standing outward is placed in the bottle; and on
the stopper being turned partially round the pins enter into the inclined grooves of
the projections referred to, and the stopper is held firmly in the bottle. That part
of the stopper which fits into the bottle neck is covered with india-rubber, cork, or
other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léonce Pierre Othon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1878.
LÉONCE PIERRE OTHON, of 62, Queen's Road, St. John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES.”
According to my Invention I employ a wheel of any suitable diameter and
thickness mounted on shafts, which communicates the centrifugal power of this
wheel by means of pulleys or other mechanical appliances to the machine which it
is intended to drive.
To obtain the power aforesaid, I furnish the wheel round the whole or part
of its circumference, in the interior or exterior thereof, with air vessels made of
india-rubber or other material or metals. These vessels communicate, either by
means of tubes or by making the wheel hollow, with suitable valve arrangements.
If necessary, compressed air or uncompressed air, gas, or other fluid lighter than
water is admitted into the vessels, so that the greater part thereof is filled to obtain
a force real and active.
I direct, by means of eccentrics or equivalents, the air from one side of the wheel
to the other, whereby I obtain on one side the chambers completely or partly full,
and on the other completely or partly empty.
By means of a lever or other appliance I can regulate the direction of the air
into the chamber desired.
A whell thus constructed, capable of being inflated with air on one side, and
emptied of air on the other side, and submerged in water or other liquid, the side
of the whell, which is inflated with air, will always have a tendency to rise in the
water, and this gives me a centrifugal force which can be calculated by the dis-
placement of the air chambers in the water. A wheel thus constructed may be
wholly or partly submerged in the liquid.
,
In some cases the eccentric may be dispensed with, and the air from one side of

page_text: the wheel be sent back to the other through the agency of cords or straps passing
over one or several pulleys.
Instead of submerging the wheel in the water, I sometimes do the reverse, that
is to say, I provide a water wheel instead of an air wheel, and I put the wheel in
motion in the air, whereby the effect produce will be similar, althrough the power
not so great. This motor may be made in wood, metal, or other material.
UC SUSPENDER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1878.
GEORGE WALKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRESS SUSPENDERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of the articles
used by ladies, and known by the naine of" dress suspenders," the object thereof
being to suspend the skirt of the dress in such a manner that the same shall be
prevented from touching the ground, and so avoiding its being soiled with mud or
dirt whilst walking.
The present Invention, which attains the desired object in a more effectual manner
than the contrivances hitherto adopted for the like purpose, will be best understood
by reference to the annexed Drawings, which clearly shew the nature of the Inven-
tion, although several modifications as to form may be employed.
The Drawings shew one form of the dress suspender.
Figure 1 is a front view of the suspender, in which A represents a ring or frame
cut out of sheet metal, or formed of wire, having a metallic flap B attached to the
upper part thereof by means of any suitable joint or hinge, as at C.
Figure 2 is a back view of the suspender, shewing the flap folded back, with two
rings D, D, attached thereto, one in the centre of the flap, and the other to that
portion of the same which forms the joint or hinge, the object of such rings being
to hold the cord by which the suspender is attached to the waist or other conve-
nient part of the dress.
Figure 3 is a back view of the suspender, with the flap closed or folded down.
In order to apply the article to a dress the flap is lifted, and a portion of the
dress passed through the ring. Upon the dress being allowed to drop the flap will
hold or retain the same at the desired elevation or position.
The metallic rings or frames may be of any suitable shape, and the backs of the
flaps are in all cases furnished with rings, as herein-before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR PROTECTING OUTSIDE PASSENGERS ON TRAM CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES FROM THE RAYS OF THE SUN AND RAIN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Clayton Wade, Elijah Hunter,
and John Cowell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th
August 1878.
ROBERT CLAYTON WADE, ELIJAH HUNTER, and JOHN COWELL, all of Leeds, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR PROTECTING OUTSIDE PASSENGERS ON TRAM CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES FROM
THE RAYS OF THE SUN AND RAIN."
Our Invention refers to apparatus whereby a covering or protection from the
sun's rays and rain is provided, such covering being arranged so as to be withdrawn
at pleasure when not required, and is constructed as hereafter described.
We provide a hollow rail which contains a roller or rollers, on which is or are
provided the canvas or other fabric employed as the protection from the sun's rays
or heat and rain. The rail runs the whole length of the seats and behind the
passengers when seated. It is carried on any required number of supports, or slide
bars, or rods; these are fitted in suitable bearings on the top of the cars or other
vehicles. We provide in connection with these slide bars or rods a number of
stretchers, which are so arranged with regard to the covering that when it is opened
out they act in a similar manner to the wires and ribs of an umbrella.
The slide bars or rods may be raised, lowered, or adjusted in a vertical direction
by hand or other convenient mechanical means.
When the covering is withdrawn it passes on to the roller or rollers, and is or
are protected by the hollow rail, which rail when lowered by means of the sliding
supports serves also as a rest for the backs of the passengers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF PERMANENTLY AFFIXING THE DIVISIONS, FIGURES, AND MARKINGS TO GLASS TUBES OR CYLIN- DERS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLINICAL AND OTHER THERMOMETERS; WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO GRADUATED GLASS TUBES OR CYLIN- DERS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emrys Roberts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1878.
EMRYS ROBERTS, of No. 6, Rydon Crescent, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF PERMANENTLY
AFFIXING THE DIVISIONS, FIGURES, AND MARKINGS TO GLASS TUBES OR CYLIN-
DERS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLINICAL AND OTHER THERMOMETERS;
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO GRADUATED GLASS TUBES OR CYLIN-
DERS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION."
The object of my improvement is to affix the divisions, figures, or markings to
the glass tubes or cylinders of clinical and other thermometers, and every descrip-
tion of glass tubes or cylindrical measures requiring to be divided for any specific
purpose, so as to prevent the erasure, obliteration, or removal of such divisions by
friction or by contact with liquids or acids at any temperature.
For this purpose I employ the ordinary clear glass or other cylinders or tubes at
present used in the manufacture of thermometers and other instruments, painting
such parts thereof as are required to be marked or divided with a colored soluble
glass; I then submit the tubes so colored to a degree of heat in an ordinary furnace
sufficient to fuse the color firmly with and upon the surface of such glass tubes and
cylinders, the scales, markings, or divisions being then cut or etched in such colored
surface, shewing clear and transparent divisions and markings in a dark or colored
ground.
The novelty of my Invention is therefore the application of color to ordinary clear
glass tubes, as and for the purposes above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLING OR FULLING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leeming Webster, of Dewsbury, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLING OR FULLING
MACHINES
"
Sealed the 13th June 1879, and dated the 16th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leeming Webster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1878.
LEEMING WEBSTER, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MILLING OR FULLING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for milling or fulling fibrous
substances, and my improvements therein relate to the rollers, tongues, lids, spouts
guide boards, and other parts subjected to friction by contact with the fabrics during
the process of fulling or milling.
Hitherto these parts have been constructed of wood or earthenware, but according
to my Invention I make them of metal, such as cast iron, malleable iron, or other
suitable metal, and the parts subject to contact with the fabrics I cover with a
coating of india rubber or a mixture of india rubber with sulphur or other ingre-
dients, such as are commonly used in the preparation of india rubber for manufac-
turing purposes.
Wood may also be covered with india-rubber for some parts of the machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Leeming Webster in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th June
1879.
LEEMING WEBSTER, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
PROVEMENTS IN MILLING OR FULLING MACHINES."
"IM-
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for milling or fulling fibrous
substances, and my improvements therein relate to the rollers, spouts, tongues, lids,
guide-boards, and other parts subjected to friction by contact with the fabrics during
the processes of fulling or milling.
Hitherto these parts have been constructed of wood, brass, or earthenware, but
according to my Invention I make them of metal such as cast iron, malleable iron,
or other suitable metal, and the parts subject to contact with the fabrics I cover
with a coating of india rubber or a mixture of india-rubber with sulphur or other
ingredients such as are generally used in the manufacture of india rubber for
industrial purposes. Wood may also be covered with india rubber for some parts
of the machine.
.
The india rubber should be of such density or hardness that it will not subject
the cloth to too much friction, but no definite rule need be observed in the prepara-
tion of the material. The thickness of coating is also immaterial, but for rollers it
will be found advantageous to make it of such thickness that when the parts most
subject to friction have become worn the remainder may be cut away and "turned-
up" true again.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leeming Webster, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1878. A communication from
abroad by Israel Crane, of the City, County, and State of New York, United
States of America.
WILLIAM CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEARING APPAREL." [A communication from abroad by
Israel Crano, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
America.]
This Invention is more especially intended for use in connection with apparel for
childrens' wear, but it should be understood that the application of the improve-
ment is not limited to any particular style of garment.
The object of the Invention is to secure greater convenience in the use and
handling of garments, as will be hereafter described.
The ordinary apparel for a child consists of an inner garment, or waistcoat, or
bodice, which is separately applied to and buttoned around the upper part of the
body, knickerbockers or skirt being attached by buttons or other fastenings to the
waistcoat or bodice. An outer garment consisting of a sleeved kilt, jacket, or cont
is then put on.
These garments are usually made and applied separately, and in
the ready made clothing trade, by reason of such separation, the waistcoat or bodice
is generally omitted from the suit, and the purchaser is put to the delay and incon-
venience of having the waistcoat or bodice specially made up. In using such suits
further inconvenience is occasioned by frequent loss or misplacing of the separate
waistcoat or bodice.
In carrying out this Invention I overcome these objections by attaching the
neck or shoulder parts of the waistcoat or bodice directly to the inner parts of the
neck or shoulder parts of the outer garments by a row of stitches or other suitable
fastening. At all other points except the neck or shoulder fastening, the waistcoat
or bodice, and the attached knickerbockers or skirt, are left entirely or substantially
free from connection with the outer garment, thus all liability to misfit, strain, or
tear the outer garment by reason of its connection with the waistcoat or bodice is

page_text: avoided, and the outer garment is made to fit with as much nicety as if it were
detached and used in the ordinary manner.
The improvement of the Invention admits of the free movement of all the limbs
of the wearer, and at the same time' presents the advantages of having the garments
firmly united, so that in the trade and in actual use they cannot be separated or
inisplaced, while the act of dressing and undressing is simplified and quickened,
the garments being applied and removed together.
MENTS IN BELL PULLS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Woodman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1878.
JOSEPH WOODMAN, of St. John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN BELL PULLS."
" IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to improvements in bell pulls, and in the means of
attaching the same to gate pillars or piers, door posts, and in other similar
situations.
The principal objections to the ordinary construction of bell pull as used on gate
pillars are, the necessity of letting wood blocks into the brick work of the pillar for
the purpose of securing the guide or socket for the bell-pull shank and the rose, cup,
or name plate thereto. The structural injury to the pier or pillar caused by letting
in these wood blocks, and the ease with which bell pulls thus constructed can be
damaged, and their knob handles unscrewed from the shank, owing to its square
form, by mischievous or dishonest persons.
My Invention has for its object to avoid these objections and provide a bell pull
which can be securely fixed without the use of wood blocks let into the brickwork,
and cannot possibly be unscrewed from the outside, and can only be removed by the
aid of special tools.
According to my Invention the bell-pull shank or spindle is a round steel or iron
rod, to one end of which the knob handle is attached by brazing or otherwise, and
the spindle is fitted to slide through a corresponding round socket or guide. The
round form of the spindle prevents the possibility of the knob handle being detached,
as the spindle being free to rotate in its guide or socket does not oppose the neces-
sary resistance to the turning of the knob handle to enable it to be twisted off.
In furtherance of the same object the inner end of the spindle is provided with a
swivel, by which it is connected to the crank, or preferably to a connecting rod
attached to the crank at the back of the pier, the bell-pull spindle not being long
enough to pass more than a short distance through the pier. A spiral spring is
placed on the bell-pull spindle between the swivel and the spindle guide at the
back of the rose or cup to prevent the knob handle remaining out after being
pulled as common bell pulls do when any of the wires are broken.

page_text: My Invention also consists in constructing the guide or socket for the bell-pull
spindle in one piece with the rose or cup, instead of separate therefrom as hitherto,
and fixing or securing it in the brickwork of the pier by means of a length of tube
united at the front end by a screw or other joint to the spindle guide or boss, and
passing completely through the pier or wall, and secured at the other end by a nut
and washer at the back of the pier or wall within the box in which the bell crank
and wires are usually fitted.
The rose or cup is provided at the back with lugs or projections which are
embedded in the brickwork, when the nut is tightened up at the back and effectually
prevent the rose being turned round or displaced.
The nut may be of special form, and require a special tool to turn it, so as to
prevent it being unscrewed by an ordinary spanner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES AND TILING
Year: 1878

page_text: •
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Anstey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1878.
GEORGE ANSTEY, of Codrington, near Chipping Sodbury, in the County of
Gloucester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES AND TILING."
This Invention consists in improvements in the manner and method of tiling,
and is for the purpose and object of protecting and preserving the outside rafters
of houses and buildings. The tiles are laid and placed on the point end or outside
wall of houses and buildings when roofed; the mode hitherto adopted has been by
mortar being spread on the edge of the roof and boards nailed thereon, both of
which have been found soon to fall to decay.
The Invention can be carried out in any material used in the manufacture of all
classes of pantiles.
To carry out my Invention I form a projection or piece, which is made or moulded
on the outside of the tiles and turned downwards so as to form a flange at right
and left angles as required, and the other end of the tile or flange being narrower
than the bottom, the rafter is covered similar in form to the scales on a fish, thus
securing the outside rafters from decay.
And in order that this my said Invention may be understood, I have annexed
a sketch showing how the same is performed and carried into effect.
a represents the end of a house or building shewing the flange tiles when fitted
on; b shews two forms of my flange tile made according to my Invention, one with
a right angle flange and one with a left angle flange.
The flange has a hole in it for a nail or other fastener to secure the tiles from
the effects of wind and storms; c shews a roof covered with flat tiles of about
12 inches long and 8 inches wide, and with the said flange shows the fitting of it
at both ends of the roof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DOWNWARD AND IN- CREASING UPWARD DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Cogan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1878.
LEWIS COGAN, of the Firm of Cogan and Son, of Torquay, in the County_of
Devon. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DOWNWARD AND IN-
CREASING UPWARD DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS."
In the Specification of a previous Patent, dated 20th April 1877, No. 1543, I
have described a novel mode of and apparatus for preventing downward and
increasing upward draught in chimneys. According to that Invention the said
double object is accomplished by the downdraught itself going down a tube apart
from the chimney proper, and this tube after being turned into an upward direction
has its exit in the chimney, so as to direct the current therethrough in an upward
direction, thereby assisting the up draught in the chimney, and counteracting the
downdraught therein.
This present Invention consists in the arrangement of apparatus acting in a
somewhat similar manner as that of my aforesaid previous Invention.
According to this present Invention I arrange one, but by preference a series, of
luffers around the chimney top in the reverse way or direction to that of the usual
luffers, which are placed with their greatest diameter downward, whereas I place
them with their greatest diameter upwards, so that the downdraught passes down
through them and then enters an earthenware or other chamber or casing placed
around the chimney below the said luffers. The downdraught current striking
against the bottom or lower part of the said chamber rebounds in an upward
direction, and so enters the chimney through one or more annular apertures.