Improved Apparatus to be Employed for the Manufacture of Spring Backs Used for Account and other Books.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 17th Sept., 1896--Accepted, 10th Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus to be Employed for the Manufacture of Spring
Backs Used for Account and other Books.
I CHARLES YATES of 23 Hardman Street, Deansgate, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Bookbinder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of the curved spring backs employed
by bookbinders in making or binding account books invoice books, pattern books
and such other books as are usually made with spring backs, and the invention
consists of a simple apparatus whereby I am enabled to make spring backs of any
required width and curve or gauge upon the same roller or rollers.
On a suitable frame I mount two rollers of such a diameter as will fit inside the
smallest spring back required to be made.
The rollers are mounted parallel to each other and preferably on the same
horizontal plane, and are provided with winch handles or with gearing driven by
steam or other power, by means of which they may be turned, and with brakes or
springs to apply friction thereto.
A long piece of canvas or other suitable material being attached by both ends,
to the rollers (one end to each of the same) one of the said rollers is caused to turn
until all (or nearly all) of the canvas is lapped tightly thereon leaving the other
roller bare or with only about one lap or layer of canvas thereon. The canvas is
marked at certain distances apart with figures or numbers corresponding with the
different sizes or gauges of the curved backs.
I take a piece or strip of paste board or millboard of the required length and
breadth to make a back of the smallest gauge, and I fold round it a piece of
brown or other paper or canvas (which has been previously glued or pasted on the
inside) so as to completely or nearly envelop the same.
I then take this strip so covered with the pasted or glued paper or canvas, and
I lay it on the smaller roller (that is the one which is bare or nearly bare of
canvas).
I then put the brake upon the other or full roller and I cause the first to rotate
so as to wind two or more laps or layers of canvas tightly thereupon enclosing the
strip of glued or pasted millboard and curving it to the form of the roller.
I then take acother strip of pasteboard or millboard a little broader and similarly
prepared and covered and I lay it over the canvas above the first, and then give
the roller two or three more turns and so on alternately, until the whole of the
canvas has been wound onto this roller using a slightly wider strip or gauge of
covered pasteboard or millboard each time. There are now several layers of paste
board backs one above the other on the roller with two or three layers of canvas
intervening between each, and the friction or drag put on the latter by the brake
will cause it to be wound tightly which will give the required curve to the paste-
board strips, and it will be evident that as wider pieces or strips are used each
time in proportion as the diameter of the roller increases the curved strips thus
produced will be of different sizes or gauges the inner one being the smallest and
the outer one the largest.
If the brake is now put on this full roller and the other one is turned in the
reverse direction another set of spring backs can be similarly made on the latter as
the canvas is wound back to release the set first made and so on.

page_text: If I require to make a number of "backs" of the same gauge I wind the canvas
on until the number indicating that size appears visible. I then proceed to make
a "back" alternately on each roller winding the canvas to and fro alternately
until the number required has been made.
In some cases I may mount two or more sets of rollers and canvas in a movable
frame providing suitable means for putting either set into action as required; in
some cases also I propose to mount two pairs of rollers with their canvas in a frame
one above the other, and to provide the axis of each roller with a toothed wheel or
pinion and I mount between these a revolving shaft oscillating upon a pivot,
central between the aforesaid axes and provided with worms or other devices
gearing with one of the pinions of each pair of rollers, and thus while one pair is
forming one or more curved backs the other pair is unwinding or delivering a back
or backs already formed.
As the curved backs formed as above described are released by the unwinding
of the canvas from the roller I place them in grooves or between raised strips
(which are made or set in a suitable frame to the various gauges required) so as to
hold them in the curved position and to the proper width whilst they become dry
and set.
They are then ready for use.
Improved Apparatus to be Employed for the Manufacture of Spring
Backs Used for Account and other Books.
I CHARLES YATES, of 23 Hardman Street, Deansgate, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Bookbinder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to the manufacture of the curved spring backs employed
by bookbinders in making or binding account books invoice books, pattern books
and such other books as are usually made with spring backs, and the invention
consists of a simple apparatus whereby I am enabled to make spring backs of any.
required width and curve or gauge upon the same roller or rollers.
The construction of my improved apparatus will be readily understood on
reference to the sheet of drawings hereunto annexed and the following explanation
thereof.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation and Figs. 2, 3, and 4, vertical sections of my improved
apparatus which is constructed as follows:
On a suitable frame a I mount two rollers or preferably two pairs of rollers 6 bl
of such a diameter as will fit inside the smallest spring back required to be made.
The rollers 6 are mounted parallel to each other and preferably on the same
borizontal plane and the rollers b' are similarly mounted and are provided with
bevil gearing c driven by steam or other power by means of which they may be
turned, and with brake discs d fitted with brake blocks e to apply friction thereto.
The brake blocks e are mounted on levers f (see Fig. 3) which oscillate upon
centres so that by rocking the levers the brakes e can be applied to either the
front or the back rollers. The rollers are driven by means of two worms g (see
Fig. 4) carried by a boss h which can be made to rock by the hand lever i so as
to drive either of the rollers as may be required. This apparatus is used as
follows:

page_text: A long piece of canvas or other suitable material being attached by both ends,.
to the rollers b or b¹ (one end to each of the same) one of the said rollers is caused
to turn until all (or nearly all) of the canvas is lapped tightly thereon leaving the
other roller bare or with only about one lap or layer of canvas thereon. The
canvas is marked at certain distances apart with figures or numbers corresponding
with the different sizes or gauges of the curved backs.
I take a piece or strip of paste board or millboard of the required length and
breadth to make a back of the smallest gauge, and I fold round it a piece of brown
or other paper or canvas (which has been previously glued or pasted on the inside)
so as to completely or nearly envelop the same.
I then take this strip so covered with the pasted or glued paper or canvas, and
I lay it on the smaller roller b for example (that is the one which is bare or nearly
bare of canvas).
I then put the brake e upon the other or full roller band I cause the first to
rotate so as to wind two or more laps or layers of canvas tightly thereupon.
enclosing the strip of glued or pasted millboard and curving it to the form of the
roller.
I then take another strip of pasteboard or millboard a little broader and similarly
prepared and covered and I lay it over the canvas above the first, and then give
the roller two or three more turns and so on alternately until the whole of the
canvas has been wound onto this roller using a slightly wider strip or gauge of
covered pasteboard or millboard each time. There are now several layers of paste-
board backs one above the other on the roller with two or three layers of canvas
intervening between each, and the friction or drag put on the latter by the brake e
will cause it to be wound tightly which will give the required curve to the paste-
board strips, and it will be evident that as wider pieces or strips are used each time
in proportion as the diameter of the roller 6₁ increases the curved strips thus
produced will be of different sizes or gauges the inner one being the smallest and.
the outer one the largest.
If the brake e is now put on this full roller by rocking the lever fand the other
one is turned in the reverse direction by rocking the lever i another set of spring
backs can be similarly made on the latter as the canvas is wound back to release
the set first made and so on.
If I require to make a number of "backs" of the same gauge I wind the canvas.
on until the number indicating that size appears visible. I then proceed to make
a "back" alternately on each roller winding the canvas to and fro alternately
until the number required has been made.
I may mount only one pair of rollers or two or more sets of rollers on the same
frame providing suitable means for putting either set into action as required; and
when as above described I mount two pairs of rollers with their canvas in a frame
one above the other, I provide the axis of each roller with a toothed wheel or
pinion and I mount between these a revolving shaft oscillating upon a pivot,
central between the aforesaid axes, and provided with worms g or other devices
gearing with one of the pinions of each pair of rollers, and thus while one pair is
forming one or more curved backs the other pair is unwinding or delivering a back
or backs already formed.
As the curved backs formed as above described are released by the unwinding
of the canvas from the roller I place them in grooves or between raised strips
(which are made or set in a suitable frame to the various gauges required) so as to
hold them in the curved position and to the proper width whilst they become dry
and set.
They are then ready for use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is:-

page_text: books substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the annexed
drawings.
Dated this 16th day of September 1896.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.