Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 26th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th May, 1887,
We, JOSEPH EVANS and WILLIAM EVANS, both of Culwell Foundry, Wolverhampton
in the County of Stafford, hydraulic and general engineers and ironfounders, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates, firstly, to improvements in pump valves, more especially to
those made of or faced with india-rubber, vulcanite, leather, or analogous material;
secondly, to the preparation of the seats against which pump valves made of or faced
with india-rubber, vulcanite, leather, or analogous material, are intended to beat; and,
thirdly, to a special form of teeth for rotary pumps which operate by means of a sot
of teeth mounted upon one axis gearing into a corresponding set of teeth mounted
upon another axis.
It has been for some time past well known that considerable advantage results, in
respect of the wear of valves, especially such as are made of or faced with india-
rubber, vulcanite, leather, or other elastic material, by causing the valves to turn
axially, whilst off their seats, so as to distribute the wear more or less evenly over the
entire surface of the face of the valve. This has been accomplished by means of
inclined wings in the valve seat, or other corresponding device, to cause the liquid to
flow in an inclined direction against the face of the valve; but, in such case, the
whole stream of water is caused to move in an eddy due to the inclination of the
wings or other device.
Now, the object of the first part of this invention is to reduce to a minimum the
eddying of the liquid resulting from the means employed to effect the turning of the
valve, and this is accomplished by forming inclined notches, teeth, or wings, around
the periphery of the valve, or by forming inclined openings, or openings provided
with inclined wings, through a part of the valve which beats upon the seat and so
closes the inner ends of the openings when the valve itself is closed. By this arrange-
ment the flow of the liquid is, chiefly, maintained in the usual course, just as if no
means were employed for turning the valve, the valve itself being turned by the
straight flow of the liquid impinging against the inclined parts at the periphery of, or
through, the valve. The main flow of the liquid does not come in contact with the

page_text: inclined parts of the valve, and therefore if any eddy is occasioned by the action of
the flow against the inclined parts of the valve such eddy is very small compared with
the volume of liquid passing by the valve. Inclined parts at the edge of the valve
and inclined openings through the valve may both be employed, if desired, in the
same valve.
It is found that valves made of or faced with india-rubber, vulcanite, leather, or
analogous material, do not work satisfactorily in combination with iron seats, and,
consequently, brass faces are usually employed; and, according to the second part of
this invention, the iron seats employed in such cases are enamelled, thus avoiding the
need for facing with brass, and forming an extremely clean and durable surface.
It is found that with the class of rotary pumps hereinbefore referred to the teeth do
not work as smoothly as is desirable, owing to the great pitch which it is found most
convenient to employ for the teeth, and thus considerable noise is occasioned in
working and considerable friction results. The object of the third part of our
invention is to reduce these inconveniences, and this is accomplished by forming the
teeth either singly or doubly (preferably doubly) inclined across the face so as to
correspond, respectively, with what are technically known in wheel-work as single
and double helical toeth.
Dated this Twenty fourth day of July 1886

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pumps.
We, JOSEPH EVANS and WILLIAM EVANS, both of Culwell Foundry, Wolverhampton
in the County of Stafford, hydraulic and general engineers and ironfounders, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
This invention relates, firstly, to improvements in pump valves, more especially to
those made of or faced with india-rubber, vulcanite, leather, or analogous material;
secondly, to the preparation of the seats against which pump valves made of or faced
with india-rubber, vulcanite, leather or analogous material, are intended to beat; and,
thirdly, to a special form of teeth for rotary pumps which operate by means of a set
of teeth mounted upon one axis gearing into a corresponding set of teeth mounted
upon another axis.
"
It has been for some time past well known that considerable advantage results, in
respect of the wear of valves, especially such as are made of or faced with india-
rubber, vulcanite, leather, or other analogous material, by causing the valves to turn
axially, whilst off their seats, so as to distribute the wear in beating upon the seats
more or less evenly over the entire surface of the face of the valve. This has been
accomplished by means of inclined wings in the valve seat, or other corresponding
device, to cause the fluid to flow in an inclined direction against the face of the
valve; but, in such case, the whole stream or current is caused to move in an eddy
due to the inclination of the wings or other device.
Now, the object of the first part of this invention is to reduce to a minimum the
eddying of the fluid resulting from the means employed to effect the turning of the
valve, and this is accomplished by forming inclined notches, teeth, or wings, around
the periphery of the valve, or by forming inclined openings, or openings provided
with inclined wings, through a part of the valve which beats upon the seat so that the
openings are closed when the valve itself is closed, or, otherwise, connecting or
employing inclined parts to move with the valve.
This part of our invention is illustrated by the drawings on sheet 1 herewith, of
which figure 1 is a half elevation, and half transverse section, of a valve having
inclined notches or teeth around its periphery, and of the seating and guard, or
beater; figure. 2 is a quarter plan of the valve and seat and guard, and a quarter
plan of the seat with the valve and guard removed; figure 3 is a corresponding view
to figure 1, and figure.4 a corresponding view to figure 2, but these figures illustrate
a modification in which inclined openings are formed through the valve in lieu of
inclined notches or teeth at the periphery.
+
Referring, first, to figures 1 and 2, A A is the valve; B B the seat, and C the

page_text: guard. aa etc. are teeth formed in the edge of the valve and all inclined in the same
direction, as shewn.
Referring now to figures 3 and 4, in which the valve, seat, and guard, are lettered
as in figures 1 and 2, b etc. are a number of openings formed through the valve, and
all inclined in one direction similarly as the teeth a a etc. are inclined. The
openings etc. are arranged in a circle concentric with the valvo and seat, and the
seat is formed with an annular concentric bar or plate D upon which the part of the
valve through which the openings are formed heats, and thus closes the openings as
it is itself closed.
By the employment of this part of our invention the flow of the stream or current
of liquid, air or other gas, is, chiefly, maintained in the usual course, just as if no
means were employed for turning the valve, the valve itself being turned by the
straight flow of the fluid impinging against the inclined parts at the periphery of, or
through, the valve, or otherwise connected or employed to move with the valve. The
main flow of the fluid does not come in contact with the inclined parts of the valve,
and therefore if any eddy is occasioned by the action of the flow against the inclined
parts such eddy is very small compared with the volume of liquid, air or other gas,
passing by the valve. Inclined parts at the edge of the valve and inclined openings
through the valve (or openings having inclinod wings therein) may both be employed,
if desired, in the same valve.
It is found that valves made of or faced with india rubber, vulcanite, leather, or
analogous material, do not work satisfactorily in combination with iron scats, and,
consequently, separate brass seats are usually employed with such valves. The
employment of these seats in iron pumps involves some risk of air passing through
the joint between the brass and iron, and stopping or interfering with the action
of the pump; and, according to the second part of this invention, seats are faced
up in the iron castings which would carry the separate brass seats, if such were
employed, and are enamelled, or tinned, or coated or protected with a layer of any
suitable not-readily-corrosible metal, or alloy, fixed permanently thereto so as to be
solid therewith, or with other material of a permanent character, such as japan, which
will prevent the corrosion of the iron surface. The tin or other metal may be coated
on in a molten state (by means, for instance, of a soldering iron), or by the electro-
plating process, as may be suited to the metal employed, or such metal may be
soldered or brazed on; the metal or alloy being in any case permanently fixed so as
to be solid with the iron seat. In some cases, when, for instance, the metal or alloy
is to be coated on to the iron face in a molten state by the aid of a soldering iron,
such coating metal or alloy will require to be faced up after it has been coated on,
but this is of course not necessary when the ordinary timing or electro-plating
process is employed.
It is found that with the class of rotary pumps hereinabove referred to the teeth do
not work as smoothly as desirable, owing to the great pitch which it is found most
convenient to employ for the teeth, and thus considerable noise is occasioned in
working and considerable friction results. The object of the third part of our
invention is to reduce these inconveniences, and this is accomplished by forming the
teeth either singly or doubly inclined across the face so as to correspond, respectively,
with what are technically known in wheel-work as single and double helical teeth; or
as a modification of this part of our invention the teeth may be formed curved across
the face.
This part of our invention is illustrated by the drawings on sheet 2 herewith, of
which figure 5 is a section taken transversely to the rotating axes of the pump;
figure is a section through the casing, showing the rotating barrels in plan. In
figures 5 and 6 the teeth cc etc. are shewn to be singly inclined. Figures 7 and 8
are corresponding views to figure 6, but in figure 7 the teeth c c etc. are shewn to be
doubly inclined, and in figure 8 to be curved across the face. The employment of
inclined or curved teeth, as described, combines the advantage of a coarse pitch for
the purpose of a pump with the advantage of a fine pitch in respect of noise and
friction in working.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
1. A pump valve (especially when made of or faced with india-rubber, vulcanite,
leather, or analogous material) formed or provided with inclined parts which are
acted upon by the flow of the liquid, air or other gas, as such valve is being moved
from its seat, and remains back therefrom in its opened position, with the effect of
causing the valve to turn axially, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. The several modifications, substantially as herein described, by which a pump
valve (especially when made of or faced with india-rubber, vulcanite, leather, or
analogous material) is caused to turn axially as it is being moved from its seat, and
remains back therefrom in its opened position, by the flow of liquid, air or other
gas, by or through, or by and through, the valve, for the purpose set forth.
3. For a pump valve made of or faced with india-rubber, vulcanite, leather, or
analogous material, an iron seating of the character hereinbefore described (that is
faced up in the casting which would carry a soparate brass seat, if such were
employed) enamelled or tinned, or otherwise coated or protected with a layer of not-
readily-corrosible metal, or alloy, fixed permanently thereto so as to be solid there-
with, or with other material of a permanent character, such as Japan, which will
prevent the corrosion of iron, upon the surface on which the valve beats, substantially
as described for the purpose set forth.
4. In a rotary pump which operates by means of a set of teeth mounted upon one
axis gearing into a corresponding set of teeth mounted upon another axis, such teeth
formed singly or doubly inclined or curved, across the face, substantially as described
for the purpose set forth.