IMPROVE- MENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS, SUCH AS PATENT AXMINSTER CARPETING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stewart Templeton, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS, SUCH AS PATENT
AXMINSTER CARPETING."
Sealed the 1st June 1866, and dated the 4th December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stewart Templeton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1865.
I, JOHN STEWART TEMPLETON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturer, do bereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS,
SUCH AS PATENT AXMINSTER CARPETING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the weaving by power of pile fabrics, such as
"Patent Axminster" carpeting, and which are woven with "fur" thread, such
as is made according to the Specification of Letters Patent for England,
granted to James Templeton and William Quiglay, dated 25th July, 1889,
(No. 8169,) or with "fur," "fringe," "chenille," or "pile" threads of other
kinds. Hitherto in weaving such fabrics the "fur" or like material has

page_text: been combed or brushed up by hand; but by the present Invention this
operation is performed automatically, and the action is in consequence rendered
more effective and uniform, whilst considerable time is saved in some modi-
fications of the weaving arrangements.
In one modification the comb or brush, composed of pointed wires projecting
downwards from a back, which is by preference of a zig-zag or undulated
form in plan, and which is of the full width of the fabric, has its ends attached
to arms which pass through open spaces in the lathe at each end of the reed,
and which are centred on brackets fixed to the lathe rail. Springs are applied
to lift the comb, and it is depressed at the proper periods by the action of a
cam on a lever connected to the arms carrying it. When the comb is
so depressed the forward movement of the lathe causes it to act on the fur
material in the desired manner.
The details of the appliance are obviously susceptible of considerable
modification. Thus, if it is wished to give the comb teeth a more rapid
motion than that of the lathe, the comb may be made of a cylindrical form,
with the teeth or wires by preference arranged spirally on it, and it may be
arranged to rotate in the ends of its carrying arms when moved forward by the
'lathe.
In another modification the comb may have an oscillatory or partially
rotating movement given to it, the cam action for depressing and raising it
being arranged to lift it on its reaching its most forward position, so as not to
act on the fur material during its return movement. The comb or brush may
also be carried otherwise than by the lathe. This automatic combing move-
ment may be applied either when the "fur" material is used as a weft, or
when it is used as a warp.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Stewart Templeton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
STEWART TEMPLETON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: the said John Stewart Templeton, Her special licence that I, the said John
Stewart Templeton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Stewart Templeton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS, SUCH AS 'PATENT
AXMINSTER CARPETING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Stewart Templeton, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Stewart Templeton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the weaving by power of pile fabrics, such as
"Patent Axminster" carpeting, and which are woven with "fur" thread, such
as is made according to the Specification of Letters Patent for England
granted to James Templeton and William Quiglay, dated 25th July 1839
(No. 8169), or with "fur," "fringe," "chenille," or "pile" threads of other
kinds. Hitherto in weaving such fabrics the "fur" or like material has
been combed. or brushed up by hand, but by my present Invention this
operation is performed automatically, and the action is in consequence
rendered more effective and uniform, whilst considerable time is saved in
some modifications of the weaving arrangements.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood, I have bereunto appended a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to and representing a simple
and conveniently applicable modification of my improved arrangements..
Figure 1 is a vertical section taken at right angles to the reed of as mur
of a power loom for weaving "Patent Axminster" carpeting as is considere]
necessary in explaining my Invention. Figures 2 and 3 are a plan and a front
view of the comb or brush A, which is employed and which is shown in end
view in Figure 1. This comb A is made with wires projecting downwards

page_text: from a back, which is by preference of a zig-zag or undulated form in plan,
and which is of the full width of the fabric B. The comb A has its ends
attached to arms C which pass through open spaces in the lathe D at each
end of the reed, and which are centred on brackets E fixed to the lathe rail F.
Springs G attached to brackets H, formed in the same pieces with the
brackets E, are applied to lift the comb A, and it is depressed at the proper
periods by the action of a cam or cam-groove wheel I, on a shaft J, driven at
a suitable speed from the crank shaft K. The cam I is situated near one
side of the loom, and it acts on a lever L, which is centred at its back end,
and which has two cords M connected to its front end. One of the cords M
passes up directly to the comb arm C at that side, whilst the other cord
(hidden by the first) is guided by pulleys across the loom and upwards at the
other side to the other comb arm C. Adjustable stop cords N are fixed to
the comb and to the upper brackets H, to prevent the comb from being
jerked down too far. When the comb A is depressed by the cam I, the
forward movement of the lathe D causes it to act on the "fur" material in
the desired manner. The cam I is shown as formed in such a manner that
with corresponding arrangements of other parts of the loom each "fur" weft
will be beat up and combed twice consecutively, whilst the comb will be
inactive during two following beats up.
The arrangements herein-before described having been found to answer
satisfactorily in practice it will be unnecessary to more than indicate the
various modifications of which the details are obviously susceptible. If it is
wished to give the comb teeth a more rapid motion than that of the lathe
the comb may be made of a cylindrical form, with the teeth or wires by
preference arranged spirally on it; and it may be arranged to rotate in the
ends of its carrying arms when moved forward by the lathe. In another
modification the comb may have an oscillatory or partially rotating movement
given to it, the cam action for depressing and raising it being arranged to lift
it on its reaching its most forward position, so as not to act on the "fur'
material during its return movement. The comb or brush may also be carried
otherwise than by the lathe.
My improved automatic combing movement may be applied, either when
the "fur" material is used as a weft, or when it is used as a warp; the
modification shown in the Drawing is, however, adapted for using the "fur"
material as a weft.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described or delineated; but that what I

page_text: believe to be novel and original and claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the adapting of auto-
matic combing or brushing appliances to power looms for weaving pile fabrics,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Stewart Templeton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
J. S. TEMPLETON. (L.s.)