IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND USE OF PAPER
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Silas Hanes Hamilton of Bushnell in the county of
McDonough and State of Illinois in the United States of America for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND USE OF PAPER-
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Silas Hanes Hamilton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1882.
SILAS, HANES, HAMILTON of Bushnell in the County of McDonough and Stato
of Illinois in the United States of America IMPROVEMENTS IN "THE MANU-
FACTURE AND USE OF PAPER-BOARD,"
The design of my Invention is to enable paper to be practically and economically
employed in many places where, and for many purposes for which, wood and iron
are now used, to which end
It consists, principally, in an improved article of manufacture composed of paper
pulp, glue and bi-chromate of potash, mixed together, formed into sheets and
subjected to heavy rolling pressure as hereinafter described. Secondly the
Invention consists in an improved article of manufacture, composed of sheets of the
aforenamed product which are caused to adhere together by means of pressure.
Thirdly, in an improved article of manufacture composed of paper-pulp, glue,
bi-chromate of potash alum and soluble glass, or other silicate formed into sheets
by pressure-Fourthly as a new article of manufacture in artificial marble
composed of a paper base or body having its surface marbleized Fifthly In an
paper
improved article of manufacture, in a door composed of two or more sheets of
board, secured together and rendered homogeneous-Sixthly-as a new article
of manufacture in a floor board composed of two or more separately formed layers
or sheets of paper secured together and rendered homogeneous and having their
edges arranged to overlap. Seventhly, as a new article of manufacture in a
weather-board composed of separately formed layers or sheets of paper, secured
together and rendered homogeneous and pressed or moulded to shape-Eighthly-
as a new article of manufacture in a shingle composed of two or more separately
formed sheets or layers of paper secured together and rendered homogeneous and
: .
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page_text: having such length as to enable it to extend a portion or the whole length of a
roof Ninthly In a car having its panels enclosed by paper board and lastly the
Invention consists in a car having either or both sides of its floor enclosed by
paper-board all as fully described hereinafter and shown in the accompanying
drawings in which
-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a section of my improved board a portion of
one edge being broken to show the manner of combining the sheets-Figure 2 is
like view of the same having its surface marbleized-Figure 3 is a perspective
view of a door constructed in accordance with my improved method Figure 4 is a
cross section of the same-Figure 5 is a perspective view of flooring made by my
improved method. Figure 6 is a cross section of the same. Figures 7 and 8, ara
respectively a perspective view and a cross section of my improved weather
boarding Figure 9 is a perspective view of the roof of a house covered with my
improved shingle-Figure 10 is a like view enlarged of one of said shingles,
Figure 11 is a perspective view of one end of a car in the construction of which
my paper board
employed Figure 12 is a like view of one of the panels,
enlarged, the same being divided vertically and Figure 13, is a cross section of tho
floor of said car.
Similar letters of reference are employed in the drawings to indicate corresponding
parts wherever such may occur.
In the use of my Invention I take 1 tons of paper pulp, preferably made from
straw or other cheap material, 49 lbs of glue and 1 lbs of bi-chromate of potash,
both in solution, and after having mixed the same thoroughly, make the composition
into sheets, in the usual manner, except that said sheets are subjected to more than
ordinary pressure between rollers. Two or more of these sheets, A, are now coated
with a solution of glue, and bi-chromate of potash having the relative proportions
before named they are then placed with their facos in contact and then passed
between pressure rollers which cause said sheets to become firmly united and the
board thus formed to be practically homogeneous.
The glue operates principally to cause the pulp to adhere firmly together, while
the bi-chromate of potash causes the composition to become water-proof-When
it is desired that the board, B, thus formed shall be fire-proof, a solution
composed of 50 lbs of alum and two lbs, of soluble glass or other silicate is added
to the beforenamed quantity of composition before the same is passed through the
paper machine.
In the production of artificial marble I employ slabs constructed and made fire-
proof in the manner described and after having given to each the desired shape,
give to its surface a marble finish by any of the well known processes for
marbleizing slate. In consequence of the heat resisting properties of my paper
slabs they are perfectly adapted to this purpose and when marbleized have but
little weight as compared with slate, cost much less and are not liable to injury
from breakage or scaling.
For use in constructing doors, I take boards of the before named paper which
bave each the requisite size and shape and a thickness equal to one third or one
half the proposed thickness of the door and within the outer board or boards, C,
cut openings, c, that correspond in size, shape and location to the like feature
of the ordinary panel openings. The edges of the panel openings are preferably
moulded but if desired may be left plain and separate mouldings may be secured
in place after the door has been otherwise completed. The outer boards, C, thus
constructed are then coated upon their inner faces with a suitable adhesive mixture
and placed upon opposite sides of a similarly coated central panel board, D, after
which the whole is passed between rollers and subjected to heavy pressure which
causes its said parts to firmly adhere and to become practically homogeneous.
The door may now be coated with any desired fire or water proof coating and
then painted after which it may be hung and trimmed in the usual manner. From
the nature of the material employed, no change, like those produced by atmospheric
causes can take place.

page_text: For use as flooring the sheets A, composing each board, E, are offset so as to
form at each edge a rebate, e, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, and when in position.
the projection of each board fits into the rebate of the adjacent board and said boards
are then secured together by nails that pass through the said overlapping parts.
For use as weather boarding the boards have a breadth equal to the widths of
several weather boards and by means of suitable rollers are corrugated transversely
to correspond to the usual shape of the latter. In placing the weather boards, F,
in position each is made to lap over the next lower board as seen in Fig. 7 and
form a close joint. Much less time is required in placing said boards in position
than where wood is employed the material used rendering practicable widths which
could not be attained from wood.
For roofing purposes I make from the paper board before described, shingles, G,
which have any desired width and which preferably extend the entire length of the
building. The rafters H are placed at the usual distance apart and the slingles, G,
secured directly upon the same without the use of the heretofore indispensable
sheathing. The shingle, G, may be made fire-proof and after being placed in
position may be coated with any desired preservative or painted any desired colour.
If desired the shingles, G, may be formed in strips each of which has a width
equal to and a surface conformation like several rows of ordinary shingles when
laid.
In the construction of cars, more especially those designed for the use of
passengers, the frame work is made of iron and the openings, other than those
designed for glass, enclosed by means of panels, I, constructed from the before named
paper board. If desired glass or other vitreous material, K, may be placed over the
paper board panels, I, but it is believed that the usual method of ornamentation by
paint will be preferable. The roof frame and floor frame may also be covered with
the paper board, L, and, M, respectively and if desired may each be similarly.covered
upon its lower side so as to form in each dead air spaces which will afford material
protection from both heat and cold to the occupants of the car.
Having now described my Invention and the manner in which the same is
carried into practical effect I wish to have it understood that I do not desire to
limit myself to the exact proportions of composition and to the exact details of
manufacture and construction as herein before set forth as these may be varied
without however departing from the peculiar nature of my Invention but what I
do claim is ;
First An improved article of manufacture composed of paper pulp, glue and
bi-chromate of potash mixed together formed into sheets and subjected to heavy
rolling pressure substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Second An improved article of manufacture composed of sheets of the aforenamed
product which are caused to adhere together by means of pressure substantially as
and for the purposes shown.
Third, An improved article of manufacture composed of paper-pulp, glue,
bichromate of potash alum and soluble glass, or other silicate formed into sheets by
pressure substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.
Fourth As a new article of manufacture, artificial marble, composed of a paper
base or body having its surface marbleized substantially as and for the purpose
shown and described.
Fifth As an improved article of manufacture a door composed of two or more
sheets of paper board secured together and rendered homogeneous in the manner
and for the purpose specified.
Sixth, As a new article of manufacture a floor board composed of two or more
separately formed layers or sheets of paper secured together and rendered homo-
geneous and having their edges arranged to overlap substantially as and for the
purposes shown.
:
Seventh. As a new article of manufacture a weather board composed of
separately formed layers or sheets of paper secured together and rendered

page_text: homogeneous and pressed and molded to shape substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
Eighth. As a new article of manufacture a shingle composed of two or more
separately forined sheets or layers of paper secured together and rendered homo-
geneous, and having such length as to enable it to extend a portion or the whole.
length of a roof substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.
Ninth. A car having its panels enclosed by paper board, substantially as and for
the purposes specified.
Tenth. A car having either or both sides of its floor enclosed by paper-board
substantially as and for the purpose shown.
In witness whereof I the said Silas, Hanes, Hamilton have hereunto set my
hand and seal this ninth day of December in the year of Our Lord. One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
SILAS, HANES, HAMILTON (L.S.)