IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO MILLS OR MACHINERY USED FOR BREAKING, PULVERIZING, STRETCHING, FLATTENING, POLISHING, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andreas Mechwart, of the Firm Messrs. Ganz and
Company, of Buda Pesth, in the Kingdom of Hungary, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE ALSO TO MILLS OR MACHINERY USED FOR BREAKING, PULVERIZING,
STRETCHING, FLATTENING, POLISHING, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Andreas Mechwart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1879.
ANDREAS MECHWART, of the Firm Messrs. Ganz and Company, of Buda Pesth, in
the Kingdom of Hungary, Engineers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO MILLS OR MACHINERY USED FOR
BREAKING, PULVERIZING, STRETCHING, FLATTENING, POLISHING, OR OTHER ANA-
LOGOUS PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in rolling mills, which improvements are
applicable also to mills or machinery used for breaking, pulverizing, stretching,
flattening, polishing, or other analogous purposes, and has special reference to
rolling mills provided with three rollers, or with two rollers and one interposed
false roller. The improvements consist in the combination of rings (embracing the
outer rollers and revolving with them) with arrangements fitted for imparting to
them the required pressure or tension.
By means of this ring tension, the necessary pressure on the material passing
through or between the rollers is exerted, and at the same time the gliding friction
of the bearings is replaced by the rolling friction between the rings and rollers.
The various arrangements required to obtain the necessary tension of the rotary
antifriction pressure rings may be classed in two groups as regards the principles of
their action.
In the first group the tension of the rings is obtained by interchanging the
mutual position of the rollers one to the other; in the second group this tension is
obtained by lateral displacement of the rings, so that if more pressure is wanted, a
shorter chord of the circle of the ring enters into the line of pressure, that is to say,
into the line connecting the centres of the outer rollers. Besides these, a third

page_text: combination may be employed, that is to say, the combination of the two groups
mentioned.
My Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the annexed Drawings,
in which Figures 1, 2, and 3 show some modes of carrying into effect the system
comprised in the first group, without having exhausted thereby all modifications
possible.
Figure 1. The exterior rollers a and c are movable vertically in swinging
bearings, the middle roller b can be displaced horizontally. By displacing the
middle roller b by means of set screws b', or by levers and weights, or by springs,
the rollers a and c are thrust apart, and thereby the rings R, R, revolving on the
ends of these rollers and communicating with them by means of the rollers e, e, are
internally spanned. The counterweight Z causes the balancing of the weight of the
lower roller c, so that the pressure between a and b, as well as between b and c,
which would be unequal, without this arrangement gets equal.
Figure 2. The top and bottom rollers a, c, are in fixed bearings, only the middle
roller is displaceable.
Figure 3. The middle roller is embedded in fixed bearings, the top and bottom
rollers are movable in swinging bearings. The centre of the rings is outside
the line connecting the centres of the top and bottom rollers (that is to say, out
of the plane passing through the axis of the said top and bottom rollers a and c),
and is maintained in this position by means of a roller w. By advancing one
of the rollers_a_or_c, the rings R, R., get internally spanned. This advancing-
may be effected as shown by cranking the spindles or shafts on which the roller a
is swinging in its bearings, so that by turning it with the lever x, the two bearings
of the roller a and with them also the roller itself, is caused to advance. This
advancement may however be obtained also by means of set screws or any other
displacing arrangement.
Figures 4 to 8 show the different modes of obtaining lateral displacement and
internal spanning of the rings R, R, on the two ends of the rollers; in Figure 4,
this is obtained by moving the roller w around the fixed axle of the roller b like a
planet wheel. Thus the arc of the circle the said roller describes by its movement
is excentric with regard to that of the rings R, R, the said roller w when advanced
towards the line L, L, (as shown by the arrows) in which the strongest pressure is
exerted, is caused to push upon the two rings R, R, increasing thereby their tension
or pressure upon the rollers a and. c.
Here, as well as in Figure 3, the said roller w
annihilates the greatest part of the lateral pressure which the bearings of the
middle roller b have to support.
Figure 5 shows the internal spanning of the rings R, R, by advancing them
laterally by means of the rollers g, g, which are moved aside by the action of the
lever hand the angled lever i, obtained by the adjustable weights K, K.
Figure 6. Instead of these weights K, K, springs with set screws or screws
alone may be employed.
Figure 7 shows an arrangement in which the spanning roller g is acted upon by
means of the lever h, with the worm gear m.
Figure 8 shows the spring acting directly on the spanning roller 9, without
lever arrangement.
Figure 9 is the side elevation of the roller frames S, S, with the rollers a, b, c,
and the rings R, R, these being placed or sprung on the ends of the axles of the
top and bottom rollers outside the frames. p is the driving pulley or some other
mode of actuating the rolling mill. 0, 0, 0, are spur gears for the rollers turning
either with equal or with different speeds.
Figure 10 shows the same arrangement, but with the rings placed inside the
frames.
Figure 11 shows how one single ring is employed, being placed or sprung
immediately on the rollers a, c, embracing them on the centre of their length, and
which may be spanned in one of the above described modes.
Figure 12 shows a plan combination of the spanning arrangements shown in

page_text: Figures 3 and 4. The rings R, R, themselves may be of all kinds of material, and
inanufactured in all sizes as wanted.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise arrangements shown and described, as it is obvious that
they are susceptible of great modification, without departing from the essential
nature of my Invention, but what I claim is,
The combination of rotary anti-friction pressure rings embracing a set of three
rollers with arrangements for obtaining the required pressure, as shown in Figures
1 to 12, or any mere modification thereof, for the purposes set forth in the above
Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andreas Mechwart, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy nine