IMPROVE MENTS IN JOINING OR CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES AND TUBES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN JOINING OR CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES AND TUBES."-A com-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th November 1860.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING OR CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES AND TUBES,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Louis Alexandre Farjor, of Paris,)
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the employment of a collar or ring in
combination with inclined planes, caoutchouc, lead, or other soft metal, for
connecting togetherpipes and tubes; second, in making the pipes with notches
or a series of inclined planes at or near their points of junction (or only one
pipe is notched), into which projections formed on a collar or ring take;
third, in the employment of a ring of caoutchouc, lead, or other metal inserted
in a recess or recesses formed to receive it in such manner that a perfect con-
nection is obtained; fourth, in the use of an independent joint to prevent any
accidental rupture in metal pipes; fifth, in the construction of a flexible joint
[Price 8d.]

page_text: by the use of caoutchouc interposed and compressed between lead or other
soft metal.
According to one arrangement the pipes arewidened at theirpoints of june-
tion; a ring of any suitable material is then introduced into the widened part,
and a hooked ring forming aninclined plane, and corresponding with the outer
surface of the widened end of one of the pipes, is placed over it; another ring
is placed over the widened part of the other pipe, and is made in such manner
that it hooks over and clasps the other ring; a ring of caoutchouc is inserted
at the point of junction of the two pipes.
The next plan which the Inventor adopts is to form a collar on one of the
pipes, against which a notched ring abuts; a tube carrying a caoutchouc ring
is screwed into the pipe, and a collar formed on the end of the pipe to be con-
nected is forced over the caoutchouc and enters the notched ring.
According to another arrangement the connection is made by a ring of soft
metal, such as lead, or by caoutchouc entering notches formed in the ends of
the pipes to be connected; collars similar to those first described prevent the
pipes separating.
By another plan a ring of caoutchouc covers the points of junction of the
two pipes; rings of soft metal abut against the caoutchouc on each side of it,
and one of these rings abuts against a square or other shaped collar formed on
one of the pipes; a collar abutting against one of the rings of soft metal and
the collar on the pipe prevent the parts separating. The collar and pipe may
'be made in a piece. Or the pipes to be connected together are surrounded at
their points of junction by a ring of the same material as that of which the
pipes themselves are made resting on two rings of soft metal; two rings press
the first-mentioned ring and the soft metal against the pipes, two outer rings
cover the whole hook over the other rings, and slide on or in inclined planes
or notches, by which the parts are prevented from coming asunder.
According to another arrangement a caoutchouc ring is inserted it a notch
formed in the end of oneof the pipes to be connected together; the other pipe
abuts against the caoutchouc ring, and is there held by a collar passing over
both. Below the collar a cavity is formed, into which a lever takes; a groove
is formed round the pipe, into which a spring takes, on which the lever
presses. To fix the collar the lever is inserted in the groove. Or the collar
forms a hollowbed for the bands of metal, which abut againstcaoutchouc rings
and against collars formed on the pipes.
Various modifications can be made in the arrangements described without
departing from the characteristic features of the Invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty,in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I; the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING OR CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES AND
TUBES," (a communication from abroad by Louis Alexandre Farjon, of Paris,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and acertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists, first, in the employment of a collar or ring in com-
bination with inclined planes, caoutchouc, lead, or other soft metal for
connecting together pipes and tubes; second, in making the pipes with notches
or a series of inclined planes at or near their points of junction (or only one
ring take; third,
pipeisnotched), into which projections formed on a collar or
in the employment of a ring of caoutchouc, lead, or other metal inserted in a
recess or recesses formed to receive it in such manner that a perfect connec-

page_text: tion is obtained; fourth, in the use of an independent joint to prevent any
accidental rupture in metal pipes; fifth, in the construction of a flexible joint
by the use of caoutchouc interposed and compressed between lead or other
soft metal.
According to one arrangement the pipes are widened at their points of junc-
tion; a ring of any suitable material is then introduced into the widened part,
and a hooked ring forming an inclined plane, and corresponding with the
outer surface of the widened end of one of the pipes, is placed over it; another
ring is placed over the widened part of the other pipe, and is made in such
manner that it hooks over and clasps the other ring; a ring of caoutchouc is
inserted at the point of junction of the two pipes.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing shows two pipes connected together
in this manner, the arrangement being more particularly adapted to the con-
nection of steam, boiler, or water pipes. a, a', are the two pipes, widened at
their points of junction, as shown, by means of a mandril or other suitable
tool; o is the ring of material for filling up the widened part on the internal
surface of the pipes a, a¹ and p is the ring on. the outer surface thereof; bis
another ring, with a hook 6, which hooks over a projection formed on the
ring p, as shown, and so completes the junction of the pipe a with a¹ ; e is the
caoutchouc ring between the rings b and p, and the point of junction of the
two pipes a, a. The caoutchouc ring may be dispensed with.
Figure 2 shows in longitudinal section an arrangement of joint, in whicha
collar is formed on one of the pipes, against which a notched ring abuts; a
tube carrying a caoutchouc ring is screwed into the pipe, and a collar formed
on the end of the pipe to be connected is forced over the caoutchouc, and
enters the notched ring; 7 is the ring screwing into the pipe a¹; e, the caout-
chouc washer; mis a ring, resting on an inclined plane and held beneath the
notches n; and o is the collar on the pipe a, the point of which takes into a
notch formed in the ring m, and effects the junction of the pipes, as shown.
Figure 3 shows in longitudinal section another arrangement, where a ring
of soft metal t enters notches or grooves formed in the ends of the pipes a, a¹;
one of the pipes is formed with an inclined plane for receiving the hooks e
of the collar b. In some cases caoutchouc may be substituted for the
leaden ring.
Figure 4 shows a joint, in which a ring of caoutchouc covers the points of
junction of the two pipes; rings of soft metal abut against the caoutchouc on
each side of it, and one of these rings abuts against a square or other shaped
collar formed on one of the pipes; a collar abutting against one of the rings
of soft metal, and the collar on the pipe prevent the parts separating;

page_text: e is the caoutchouc ring covering the ends of the pipes a and a¹; d and fare
the rings of soft metal; cis a collar on the pipe a, against which the ring d
abuts, and over which the collar b fits. In the joint shown at Figure 5 a
collar b is employed, which abuts against the projection g on the pipe a; the
caoutchouc ring e, as well as the rings d andf, are the same as those shown in
the previous Figure. The collar band pipe a may be formed in one piece by
giving them the form shown by the red line; it is only necessary to introduce
a caoutchouc washer in place of the collar e, and to strengthen the joint by
the lead f.
Figure 6 represents in partial elevation and partial section another form of
joint; the pipes to be connected together are surrounded at their points of
junction by a ring of the same material as that of which they are made; y is
this ring; it is held or wedged on each side by rings of soft metal, such as
lead, t. t; z,, are other rings, pressing on the lead rings t, t; and 6, 61, are
external rings, forined with hooks c, c, free to slide on the inclined planes f,f.
Figure 7 is a modification of the joint last described; the pipe a has the
inclined planes f, f, formed on it; z is a ring, corresponding to that marked
with the same letter in the preceding Figure; and t is the soft metal ring; a
particular feature in these joints is that all soldering and, where desired,
screwing are dispensed with; the joints can be immediately applied so soon
as a rupture takes place without removing the pipes, as will be readily seen
on reference to Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section; and Figure 9, an external view of two
pipes connected together by another form of joint. a, a¹, are the two ends of
the pipes to be united; e is a caoutchouc washer; f,f, are inclined planes,
into which the lugs c of the collar 6 take; a cavity is formed beneath the
collar b, into which an eccentric lever p enters; a groove s is formed round
the pipe a, into which a spring t takes, and against which the eccentric p
presses, the latter being mounted on a movable ring i. When the connection
has been effected by the collar the eccentric p is engaged in the groove,
whereby the joint is rendered secure; the movable ringi is fixed, and the lugsc
are held between the projections i¹ on the ring i, and the collar remains im-
movable. Its disengagement can only take place by the eccentric p being
moved by hand to free the ring i. Figure 9bis is a plan of the connection
shown at Figures 8 and 9.
Figures 10 and 11 are views of a movable collar for forming joints; 6 is the
collar, forming at top and bottom a hollow pad or cushion for the bands of
metal e and f, which are introduced and imbedded in it; h, h, are shoulders
on the tubes a, a¹, maintaining the collar 6 with the rib G between them, as

page_text: well as the caoutchouc rings g and g' against the leade and f; the caoutchouc
gives a certain degree of elasticity to the joint; it can, however, be dispensed
with, as also the shoulders h, in which case the parts would be arranged as
shown in Figure 11. The joint shewn at Figure 12 is formed in the following
inanner-a,a,are the metal pipes having an enlarged part B at their points
of junction, as shown; C is a collar of lead or other soft metal; D, D, are
caoutchouc rings or washers; E, E, are packings of lead or other soft metal;
the collar F, which secures the whole, is formed with an internal central rib
separating the two caoutchouc rings, as shown. In Figure 13 the pipe a¹ is
itself formed with the collar F; the metal collar C forms a ring to surround
the caoutchouc washer D, and the whole is consolidated by a packing E of
lead or other soft metal; this arrangement is intended to preserve the caout-
chouc from the action of steam, gas, or other injurious fluid or vapour.
In
the joint shewn at Figure 14, the pipes a, a¹, are notched, in order to better
take into the leaden collar C; the collar F is also notched on its internal sur-
face. Figure 15 is a view of part of two pipes showing the part X as perfectly
joined; the leaden packing having followed the undulations on the pipe and
inside the collar, while at Y the leaden collar Chas not yet entered the undu-
lations. Figure lo shows yet another mode of connecting pipes with lead and
caoutchouc, in order that the pipes may follow any curves that may be
required. a, a¹, are the pipes, united by the leaden collar C, made tight by
the caoutchouc washers D, D; a collar 6 formed with inclined planes and
and lugs 6 covers the whole.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
minner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not limit myself to
the precise arrangements herein-before described, for the parts are susceptible
of modifications without departing from the characteristic features of the
Invention; but what I claim as the improvements in joining or connecting
together pipes and tubes is,-
First, the employment of a collar or ring in combination with inclined
planes, caoutchouc, and lead or other soft metal, substantially in manner and
for the purposes described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Second, making the pipes and tubes with notches or a series of inclined
planes at or near their points of junction, into which projectious formed on a
collar or ring take, as herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Third, the employment of a ring of caoutchouc, lead, or other soft metal
inserted in a recess or recesses formed to receive it, substantially in manner
herein-before described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fourth, the employment of an independent joint to repair any
accidental
rupture in metal pipes and tubes constructed substantially in manner herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, the formation of flexible joints by means of caoutchouc interposed
and compressed between lead or other soft metal substantially in manner
herein.before described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.s.)