IMPROVEMENTS IN CULTIVATORS, HORSE HOES AND HORSE RAKES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cooper, of St. Margaret's Iron Works, Ipswich,.
in the County of Suffolk, and Charles Garrood, of Penge, in the County:
of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CULTIVATORS, HORSE
HOES AND HORSE RAKES."
Sealed the 27th May 1862, and dated the 30th November 1861..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cooper and Charles
Garrood, at the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th November 1861.
We; JOHN COOPER, of St. Margaret's Iron Works, Ipswich, in the County of
Suffolk, and CHARLES GARROOD, of Penge, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN CULTIVATORS, HORSE
HOES, AND HORSE RAKES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for
horse rakes, and harrows.
its object improvements in cultivators, horse hoes,
For these purposes in arranging cultivators, two
or more axes carrying tines are mounted in a frame, and in order to fix the
tines to the axes each axis has a bar fixed parallel to, and.at a short dis-
tance from it. The stem or upper part of each tine is placed against the
axis and its bar, and is secured thereto by a strap (through which the stem or
upper part of the tine passes), and a key or wedge which is driven through
the strap on the side of the axis and bar opposite to that against which the

page_text: tine is held. The axes are geared together in such manner that on one of
the axes being turned, the other axis or axes, and tines are similarly acted
on, this is accomplished by gearing them together with cog wheels. For the
purpose of turning the axes when required, a suitable lever or handle is
employed, which is fixed to one of them, or a connecting rod may be employed,
connected at one end to a prolongation of the handle beyond the axis, and at
the other end with an arm or arms on the other axis or axes.
In arranging horse hoes, the hoes or cutters are mounted on levers, which
turn or move on a rod or axis; this rod or axis is adjusted in the following
manner so as to set it at a greater or less distance from the surface of the land.
A connecting arm is applied to the rod or axis at each end in connection with
a screw and nut, by which the same can be raised or lowered, the position of
the cutters or hoes are thus regulated as to their depth of working. The
hinder ends of the levers of the hoes or cutters are received by guides carried
by the hinder bar, and this bar has handles fixed thereto by which the hoes
or cutters can be guided, and by the same handles the cutters or hoes can be
raised out of the ground. The ends of the bar or axis on which the levers
carrying the cutters turn, have two drag links or rods connected with them,
and by these the implement is drawn. The forward ends of the levers of the
cutters or hoes are connected to the rod or axis before mentioned by a suit-
able universal joint, so as to admit of the separate hoes or cutters being
moved sideways, and up or down independently of each other, and such uni-
versal joints may be made by springs, or by links, or otherwise.
In constructing horse, rakes, each of the tines or teeth of the implement is
at its upper end mounted so that it can turn freely on a bar or axis, which is
preferred to be hollow in order to obtain stiffness and strength without great
weight of metal. This bar or axis is arranged in such manner that it may be
raised or lowered in respect to the centres of the wheels, and retained' at any
required distance from the surface of the land, and so that the points of the
teeth or tines of the rake may be set at any required level. The teeth or tines
-are-lifted-as-heretofore-to-discharge the hay or other matters which have been
'collected by them. The shafts are attached to the axles of the wheels or to
the rod or axis on which the tines or teeth are inounted, by connecting parts,
which by preference are hollow, in order to 'obtain lightness together with
strength and stiffness.