IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OF HEATING AND VENTILATING FLUES AND IN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING THE STOVES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1885

page_text: in Connection therewith.
I, JOHN DUNNELL GARRETT of Southwold in the County of Suffolk, Gentle-
man do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
OF HEATING AND VENTILATING FLUES AND IN APPARATUS
FOR CARRYING THE STOVES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, to be as
follows:-
CONSTRUCTION
The chief object of this invention is to effect the heating and ventilating of houses
or apartments in a more economic manner than heretofore.
To this end I build up a cylindrical chimney stack, using it as a part of a
dividing wall between adjacent apartments, or I build up one or more chimney
stacks in the line of the party wall of adjacent houses. The stack which reaches
from the base of the building to and through the roof will contain a central circular
flue which is arranged as a ventilating shaft as well as for supplying to apartments
connected therewith, fresh air drawn in from the base of the chimney stack.
Surrounding this central flue and passing helically around it, are smoke flues
leading from the several apartments through which the chimney stack passes.
The fresh air thus becomes warm from contact with the stove flues, and through
apertures provided for the purpose will circulate to warm the rooms when 80
required. This stack I build up for the most part of hollow segmental shaped
bricks which when brought together will form a cylindrical structure. At certain
parts of its height this structure will present recesses to the apartments through
which it passes, of suitable size and shape to receive a stove, and from the top of
each recess will start a smoke flue which will take say a quarter turn or more or
less, as circumstances may dictate before its reaching the floor of the next story.
The hollow bricks used for making these helical flues will be externally of like
proportions but internally they will vary so as to increase the area of the flue as
the several flues rise. This will ensure a good draught and the helical character of
the flue presenting a great amount of heating surface to the rooms ensures economy
in the consumption of fuel.
It will be understood that the construction of these helical flues necessitates the
giving of a lead to each layer of bricks used in forming that portion of the
structure in which they occur.

page_text: In those lengths of the stack in which the recesses are made for the stoves the
smoke flues are vertical.
A conical shaped tube is inserted at the top of the central flue and constitutes
the termination of the central air flue while at the same time it serves to close the
top of the annular hot air chamber.
As heat generated in the stoves contained in the recesses of the chimney stack
will to a certain extent be imparted to the internal brick work the hot air chamber
being supplied from below with fresh air in any convenient manner may be used
to heat any or all of the apartments connected with it. The centre conical tube
will act as the ventilator for drawing off the vitiated air from the several apart-
ments, this conical tube or ventilating shaft being connected by radial passages
with the apartments and always open at the top.
In adapting to chimney stacks of this kind my invention for which I applied
for Letters Patent dated May 30th 1884 No 8434, I provide a horizontal circular
platform for carrying the stoves which are intended to be substituted the one for
the other, as required, in adjacent apartments and I make on opposite sides of the
stack in the dividing wall, openings for the passage through them of the stoves.
These stoves are moved from one apartment to the other by swinging round the
platform, which is free to move around the chimney shaft on circular guides
or ways.
The openings in the dividing walls I close by partitions similar to those
described in the specification of my above mentioned application, but in place of
their swivelling on fixed centres I mount them on the swivelling platform and
I provide the platform with pairs of guide rods on which the stoves may be slidden
radially to shift them from the platform to their recesses and to restore them to the
requisite position for shifting them from one apartment to the other.
D
1
AL
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page_text: Flues, and in Apparatus for Carrying the Stoves to be Used
in Connection therewith.
I JOHN DUNNELL GARRETT of Southwold in the County of Suffolk, Gentleman
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
The object of this invention is to effect the heating of houses or apartments
in a more economic manner than heretofore, and also to secure a more efficient
ventilation of the same.
To this end I build up a cylindrical chimney stack, using it as a part of a
dividing wall between adjacent apartments, or I build up one or more chimney
stacks in the line of the party wall of adjacent houses.-The stack, which reaches
from the base of the building to and through the roof, will contain a central
circular flue, which is arranged as a ventilating shaft, as well as for supplying to
apartments connected therewith, fresh air drawn in from the base of the chimney
stack. Surrounding this central flue, and passing helically around it, are smoke
flues leading from the several apartments through which the chimney stack passes.
The fresh air admitted to the centre of the stack becomes warm from contact
with the stove flues, and through apertures provided for the purpose will circulate
to warm the rooms when so required. This stack I build up, for the most part,
of hollow segment shaped bricks, which; when brought together, will form a
cylindrical structure. At certain points of its height, this structure will present
recesses to the apartments through which it passes, of suitable size and shape to
receive a stove, and from the top of each recess will start a smoke flue, which will
take, say, a quarter turn, or more or less, as circumstances may dictate, before it
reaches the Hoor of the next story.-The hollow bricks used for making these
helical flues will be externally of like proportions, but internally they will vary so
as to increase the area of the flue as the several Hues rise. This will ensure a good
draught and the helical character of the flue, by presenting a great amount of
heating surface to the rooms, will utilize a large proportion of heat generated by
the consumption of the fuel.
It will be understood that the construction of these helical flues necessitates
the giving of a lead to each layer of bricks used in forming that portion of
the structure in which they occur.-In those lengths of the stack in which the
recesses are made for the stoves, the smoke flues are vertical.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown my invention as applied to a house
with two floors, and with a central division wall in which the cylindrical chimney
stack is built up. The height of the rooms is assumed to be 12 feet, the bricks
which form the chimney stack being proportioned to suit that height of structure.
Fig. 1 shews in front elevation so much of any improved construction of chimney
stack as extends from the ground floor level to a little above the first floor, the
stove for the ground floor apartment being in position.

page_text: "
•
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the same, taken in the line 1, 2 of Fig. 1, and
shewing the stoves of the back and front rooms in place; also the division wall
between the rooms in connection with a chimney stack.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken in the line 3, 4 of Fig. 2.
These Figures shew also the adaptation to the chimney stack, of the second head
of my invention, which is not applicable to chimney stacks built into party
walls, and which consists of a horizontal annular platform for carrying the stoves
intended to be substituted the one for the other, as required, in adjacent apartments.
To provide for the use of this contrivance, I make, on the opposite side of the stack
These
in the dividing wall, openings for the passage through them of the stoves.
stoves are moved from one apartment to the other by swinging round the platform,
which is free to move around the chimney stack on suitable ways.
The openings in the dividing wall are shewn as closed by partitions similar to
those described in the specification of a patent granted to me, and bearing date
30th May 1884, N° 8434, but now, in place of the partitions, swivelling on fixed
centres, they are mounted rigidly on the swivelling platform.
A A is the chimney shaft, built up in most part by hollow bricks of three forms
represented in Figs. 4 by a, a¹ and a²-The recesses for the stove are formed by
the bricks a, and the recesses are covered by a brick a¹, which is moulded hollow to
form the commencement of the flue for the stove B.-Placed above this hollow
brick a is the hollow brick a³, which is set with a lead to give the requisite
helical twist to the flue. All these bricks a a¹ and a correspond somewhat in
shape externally, so that when put together, they will form a cylindrical vertical
chamber C, around which the flues formed by the hollow bricks will turn.—To
prevent the formation of steps within the flues (which steps would serve as
receptacles for accumulating soot), the hollows in the bricks should be slanted,
and thus ensure a continuous smooth flue, while each succeeding layer of bricks
takes the lead of the preceding layer, and provides for break joints.
In order to ensure a good draught in the flues, I propose to enlarge their capacity
from floor to floor. This is done without altering the external proportions of the
bricks, but simply by reducing the thickness of their walls. Thus, at Fig. 4*,
I have shewn a brick a³ with this enlarged capacity, a material enlargement of its
flue space being evident when it is compared with the brick a² of Fig. 4.
Within the vertical chamber C is built up a central conical tube D, which
reaches from near the basement of the stack A to near the top thereof, and serves
to close the central chamber C, which is intended to provide a supply of fresh air,
For this
either cool or heated, to the apartments surrounding the chimney stack.
purpose an air channel, shewn in Fig. 5 at C¹, is provided, which channel is open
to the atmosphere, and leads directly into the chamber C.
As, in cold weather, or when the stoves are ignited, heat generated in the stoves
contained in the recesses of the chimney stack, will, to a certain extent, be imparted
to the internal brickwork, the chamber C, by being supplied from below with
fresh air, will be available for imparting heated air to any or all of the adjacent
apartments.
To provide for this, or for the supply of cold air, as the case may be, I connect
the chamber C with the apartments near the level of their respective floors, by
means of passages c fitted with valves or dampers for regulating the supply of
fresh air to the apartments.
The central tube D is intended to act as the ventilator for drawing off the
vitiated air. For this purpose it is connected by radial passages d with the several
apartments, and being open at the top to the atmosphere, an upward draught will
be constantly maintained so long as the passages & remain enclosed.
I have said that the stoves B are mounted on a circular platform, for the purpose
of changing their relative positions. This is shewn best at Fig. 3, where E is the
circular platform fitted with rollers e, which run upon an annular base plate F.-
GG are the partitions carried by the platform E, and serving to fill the openings
in the dividing wall H of the adjacent apartments. These partitions are made
.

page_text: hollow, and are fitted with locking plates, which enter recesses in the frames set in
the openings of the dividing wall. When, therefore, it is required to shift the
positions of the stoves B B, the locking plates must be first drawn within their
partitions, as explained in the specification of my above mentioned patent.—g g are
pairs of guide rods fitted to the platform G, and on these the stoves B are mounted,
the object being to allow of their being slidden radially off the platform into the
recesses prepared for them in the chimney stack A.-When it is intended to shift a
lighted stove from one apartment to the other, the stoves are first drawn out from
their recesses onto the platform and clear of the stack, and the unlocking of the
partitions, having been effected, a half turn given to the swivelling platform will
cause the one stove to take the place of the other: When the stoves are opposite
their respective recesses, they are pushed into position as before, and the partitions
may be again locked.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st The construction of chimney stacks with helical flues within their walls, as
above described, and providing within such stacks means for the supply of fresh
air to adjacent apartments, and the withdrawal of vitiated air therefrom as and for
the purpose above set forth.
2nd In combination with a circular stack formed with flues within its wall, of
an annular platform fitted as described for carrying the stoves of adjacent apart-
ments, and providing for the transference of the same from one apartment to
the other.