Improvements in Drainage and other Socket Pipes to Facilitate Jointing.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 10th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 15th Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drainage and other Socket Pipes to Facilitate
Jointing.
I, JOHN DAY, of 26 Canal Street, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford,
Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In jointing, with cement or other material used in a soft or plastic condition,
drainage and other socket pipes of the usual construction, some of the jointing
material is frequently pushed between the inner end of the socket and the plain end
of the pipe inserted therein, and if not carefully cleaned away causes an obstruction
in the piping; and it is not possible, under all conditions under which such work
is performed, to ensure that proper care will be exercised to remove such intruded
material. To avoid this inconvenience rope yarn is frequently ordered to be
inserted into the joints prior to pushing in the cement or other plastic material;
but its use cannot always be ensured. Moreover if, as is frequently the case, a
pipe is shortened to form a making-up length, the jointing material is specially
liable to intrude into the piping if great care has not been exercised to cut off the
pipe true and square, and even rope yarn is liable to be pushed into the piping
under such circumstances. Further, there is a great risk that the plain end of one
pipe will not be concentric with the socket into which it is jointed, as considerable
skill and care are required to make the joint an equal thickness all round; and,
unless the pipes are concentric at their joint, a portion of each pipe will project over
or partially across the bore or lumen of the other pipe, and thus an obstruction will
be caused.
An attempt has been made, with some success, to obviate some of these incon-
veniences, by forming a collar around the outer or spigot end of each pipe,
which is just an easy fit within the socket; but if a pipe is shortened the collar is
cut off, and the joint is then made under the ordinary conditions even if great care
has been exercised in cutting off the end of the pipe true and square.
Now, the chief objects of this invention are, to improve the shape of the sockets,
for jointing with plain ends of pipes, in such manner that, the use of rope yarn
may be dispensed with, and none of the jointing material employed can find its
way into the bore or lumen of the line of piping; to ensure that the end of one
pipe shall always be concentric with the socket of the next pipe within which it is
jointed; and to combine with these advantages that of making a joint with equal
facility as perfectly with a shortened as with an unshortened pipe, whether the
shortened pipe has been cut off true and square or only roughly so.
These objects are effected, according to this invention, by forming each socket in
two lengths of different diameters, of which the inner length is of a diameter
internally to receive just easily the plain end of the pipe to be jointed within the
Bocket, and of which the outer length is of a diameter internally to leave a space
around the plain end of the pipe to receive the cement or other jointing material.
The plain end of the pipe is first pushed into the smaller portion of the socket
and butted up against the end thereof, and being just an easy fit within such
portion is necessarily concentric with the socket, and its bore or lumen is true with
that of the pipe with which it is to be jointed. The cement or other jointing
material is then filled in around the portion of the pipe which is within the portion
of the socket which is of larger diameter, and is prevented by the portion of smaller
diameter, which fits easily around the inner end of the pipe, from escaping into the
bore of the piping.
If it is necessary to shorten a pipe the shortened end fits easily within the

page_text: '
portion of the socket of smaller diameter, and such pipe may therefore be jointed
within the socket with the same facility and efficiency as an unshortened pipe, even
though the shortened end is left somewhat irregular in shape.
It is preferred to make the portion of the socket of larger diameter, of a greater
diameter internally, compared with the bore of the pipe, than sockets of the usual
description, whereby the cement or other jointing material may be readily put in
with the trowel without need for excavating earth below the socket to give working
room, the socket simply resting on the bottom of the excavation.
Dated this Ninth der of Tune 1909
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drainage and other Socket Pipes to Facilitate
Jointing.
I, JOHN DAY, of 26 Canal Street, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford,
Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
In jointing, with cement or other material used in a soft or plastic condition,
drainage and other socket pipes of the usual construction, some of the jointing
material is frequently pushed between the inner end of the socket and the plain
end of the pipe inserted therein, and if not carefully cleaned away causes an
obstruction in the piping; and it is not possible, under all conditions under which
such work is performed, to ensure that proper care will be exercised to remove
such intruded material. To avoid this inconvenience, rope yarn is frequently
ordered to be inserted into the joints prior to pushing in the cement or other plastic
material, but its use cannot always be ensured. Moreover if, as is frequently the
case, a pipe is shortened to form a making-up length, the jointing material is
specially liable to intrude into the piping if great care has not been exercised to
cut off the pipe true and square, and even rope yarn is liable to be pushed into
the piping under such circumstances. Further, there is great risk that the plain
end of one pipe will not be concentric with the socket into which it is jointed, as
considerable skill and care are required to make the joint an equal thickness all
round; and, unless the pipes are concentric at their joint a portion of each pipe
will project over or partially across the bore or lumen of the other pipe, and thus
an obstruction will be caused.
An attempt has been made, with some success, to obviate some of these incon-
veniences, by forming a collar around the outer or spigot end of each pipe, which
is just an easy fit within the socket; but if a pipe is shortened the collar is cut off,
and the joint is then nade under the ordinary conditions even if great care has
been exercised in cutting off the end of the pipe true and square.
Now, the objects of this invention are, to improve the shape of the sockets, for
jointing with plain ends of pipes, in such manner that, the use of rope yarn may
be dispensed with, and none of the jointing material employed can find its way into
the bore or lumen of the line of piping; to ensure that the end of one pipe shall
always be concentric with the socket of the next pipe within which it is jointed;
and to combine with these advantages that of making a joint with equal facility as
perfectly with a shortened as with an unshortened pipe, whether the shortened pipe
has been cut off true and square or only roughly so.
These objects are effected, according to this invention, by forming each socket in
two lengths of different diameters, of which the inner length is of a diameter
internally to receive just easily the plain end of the pipe to be jointed within the
socket, and of which the outer length is of a diameter internally to leave a space
around the plain end of the pipe to receive the cement or other jointing material.

page_text: Such a socket is illustrated in longitudinal section by Figure 1 of the drawings
herewith. Figure 2 is a view looking towards the mouth of the socket; and
Figure 3 is a corresponding view to Figure 1, but shews also the end of a pipe
jointed up within the socket. The socket A of the pipe B is formed with an inner
portion a within which the plain end of the pipe B₁ fits just easily, and with a
portion b, of larger internal diameter, to receive the jointing material. The plain
end of the pipe B' is first pushed into the portion a of the socket and butted .up
against the end thereof, and being just an easy fit within such portion is necessarily
concentric with the socket, and its bore or lumen is true with that of the pipe B
with which it is to be joined. The cement or other jointing material c is then filled
in around the portion of the pipe B¹ which is within the portion 6 of the socket,
and is prevented by the portion a of smaller diameter, which fits easily around the
end of the pipe B', from escaping into the bore of the piping.
If it is necessary to shorten a pipe, the shortened end fits easily within the
portion a of the socket, and the shortened pipe may therefore be jointed within
the socket with the same facility and efficiency as an unshortened pipe, even though
the shortened end is left somewhat irregular in shape.
It is preferred to make the portion 6 of the socket of a greater diameter
internally compared with the diameter of the pipes than sockets of the usual
description, so that when the socket is simply resting on the bottom of the excava-
tion there will be sufficient room underneath the pipe to allow of the cement or
other jointing material being readily put into the socket with a trowel, without need
for excavating the earth below the socket as usually has to be done in order to
give working room.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Drainage and other socket pipes having the sockets formed each with an
inner portion of a diameter to just easily receive the plain end of a pipe and with
a portion of enlarged interior diameter to receive the jointing material, substantially
as described.
2. Drainage and other socket pipes formed with sockets of the improved con-
struction described, and shewn by the drawings herewith.
Dated this 9th day of March 1893.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.