IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED, FOR SEWING SACKS AND BAGS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Barnabas Russ and Edward Gandell the younger,
both of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED,
FOR SEWING SACKS AND BAGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Barnabas Russ and
Edward Gandell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th August 1865.
We, BARNABAS Russ and EDWARD GANDELL the younger, both of Lambeth,.
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES, PARTICULARLY
ADAPTED FOR SEWING SACKS AND BAGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of sewing
machines, the object being more particularly to enable bags and sacks to be
sewn, and to produce a representation of the over and under stitch, so as to
protect the selvage edges of the work.
We propose to employ double or single needles and needle bars in combi-
nation with single or double shuttles, either for the purpose of producing a
double row of stitches, the one being an inner continuous line of lock stitch,
the outer stitch being the selvage binder, or for the purpose of producing with
one needle and two shuttles a similar binding; other combinations of stitches

page_text: may in like manner be effected, the needles either working simultaneously or
with a reciprocating action, or one or both needles and needle bars oscillating
alternately and receiving the shoot of the double shuttles. It would follow
from such methods of working sewing machines that the shoot of the shuttles
would not only lock the inner row of stitches, but would, in giving their shoots
to the outer needle, cause the stitch formed by the shoot or weft to be drawn
to the selvage and there secured by the upward motion of the needle. The
needle then oscillating forwards would penetrate the inner edge of the work,
and being again caught by the shoot of the shuttle would leave an upper layer
of sewing material on the surface of the work; thus, as the take-off motion
under the work proceeds a continuous diagonal or zig-zag series of stitches
would appear on the work, effecting a sewing and binding at the same time.
In order to cause the oscillation or racking motion of the needles a cam
motion may be applied to the needle bars, either in the form of a rocking
cam, actuated from the driving shaft and applied behind the needle bars, or
in form of projections fixed to the needle bars and coming in contact with
varying curvatures in the surface of the needle bar guides. Other methods
of producing the oscillating motion may easily be applied. So also the alter
nate or reciprocating action of the needles may be effected by the adoption of
double bell-crank levers actuated by a duplicate reversed cam on the driving
shaft.
At present sacks and bags are sewn by hand, the process being compara-
tively slow, and if a stitch is broken the other stitches give way; but by the
operation of the sewing machine the stitches are locked, the work is stronger
with a lighter sewing material, and the rapidity of the work is greatly
increased. In sewing the mouth of the sack a single oscillating needle may
be employed with a single or double shuttle; this method would produce a
continuous zig-zag thread alternately through the double and single layer of
material. The work may be taken off by regulating the leverage of the take-
off motion, so as to produce any length of stitch, according to the coarseness
or fineness of the material and the strength of work required, These machines
may be so constructed as to be worked by steam power when heavy work is
required, but for light bags, or for gloves, or other light work, they may be
worked by a treddle or treddles.
Another method of working sewing machines is, by means of a rotating
shaft having a driving pulley at its extremity, and actuating the needle
bars and shuttles by means of excentrics and cams. The object of this is to
dispense with the use of the rocking arms or levers ordinarily applied for
giving the reciprocating motion to the needle bars; this is effected by forming

page_text: two standards on the bed plate, in which two plummer blocks or journals are
set to carry a shaft, from which all parts of the machine are actuated; at the
end of the shaft near the needle bar or bars one or two cams are set, which
act upon the needle bars alternately to project them, the bars being brought
back by springs upon the face of the cams.
Another method of effecting the backward and forward motion of the needle
bars is to set the needle plate or frame on a pivot or pivots, and cause it to
vibrate to and fro, so as to cause a rocking or oscillating motion, whereby the
needles are alternately projected and brought back, so as to sew the selvage
and inner edge respectively. By this arrangement the needles do not slide to
and fro in slots, but are moved by the action of the plate or holder; by this
action the stitches would all be zig-zag with regard to the selvage. In order
to accommodate the extremity of the shaft to this vibrating motion of the
cams and needle frame, a ball or universal joint is formed therein in order to
communicate rotary motion at an angle. An excentric may. be placed on
the shaft between the plummer blocks in order to actuate a horizontal
rocking motion in communication with the vibrating needle holder, by which
means the requisite degree of oscillation is produced. In some cases we
propose to apply two needles, as follows:-One above the work and one
below; the upper needle would work as before described, and the lower
needle would be set in a frame or holder, bolted to the under plate, and
actuated by an excentric on the driving shaft, actuating a connecting rod
passing through the plate and joined to a horizontal rod attached to the under
needle bar; by this arrangement the upper and lower needles are caused to
penetrate the work respectively, and upper and lower shuttles being applied, it
will follow, by the use of cams or excentrics to throw out the needle bars, and
by springs to drive them back, that the requisite stitch will be produced on
both sides of the work. Where the machine is worked by steam power a fast
and loose pulley should be placed on the-sbaft in order that the machine may
be stopped when desired by throwing off the band from the driving pulley to the
loose or running pulley. The work may be taken off by the usual means;
but for heavy work we propose to set rollers in the plate covered with rough
fabric in order to assist in drawing off the work; these rollers would be
turned at intervals by hands deriving motion from an under pulley in con-
nection with the driving shaft, or by a ratchet motion.
These machines are also applicable to sewing sails and for attaching the
binder or rope to the edges thereof.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Barnabas Russ and Edward Gandell in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, BARNABAS
Russ and EDWARD GANDELL the younger, both of Lambeth, in the County of
'Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Barnabas Russ and Edward Gandell the younger, Her special
licence that we, the said Barnabas Russ and Edward Gandell the younger,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Barnabas Russ and Edward Gandell the younger, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING
MACHINES, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR SEWING SACKS AND BAGS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Barnabas Russ and Edward
Gandell the younger, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Barnabas Russ and Edward Gandell
the younger, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of sewing
machines, the object being more particularly to enable bags and sacks to
be sewn and to produce a representation of the over and under stitch, so as to
protect the selvage edges of the work.
We propose to employ double or single needles and needle bars in combina-
tion with single or double shuttles, either for the purpose of producing a
double row of stitches, the one being an inner continuous line of lock stitch,

page_text: the outer stitch being the selvage binder, or for the purpose of producing with
one needle and two shuttles a similar binding; other combinations of stitches
may in like manner be effected, the needles either working simultaneously or.
with a reciprocating action, or one or both needles and needle bars oscillating
alternately and receiving the shoot of the double shuttles. It would follow
from such methods of working sewing machines that the shoot of the shuttles
would not only lock the inner row of stitches, but would, in giving their shoots
to the outer needle, cause the stitch formed by the shoot or weft to be drawn
to the selvage, and there secured by the upward motion of the needle. The
needle then oscillating forwards would penetrate the inner edge of the work,
and being again caught the shoot of the shuttle would leave an upper layer
of sewing material on the surface of the work; thus, as the take-off motion
under the work proceeds a continuous diagonal or zig-zag series of stitches
would appear on the work, effecting a sewing and binding at the same time.
In order to cause the oscillation or rocking motion of the needles a cam motion
may be applied to the needle bars, either in the form of a rocking cam actuated
from the driving shaft and applied behind the needle bars, or in form of pro-
jections fixed to the needle bars and coming in contact with varying curvatures
in the surface of the needle bar guides. Other methods of producing the
oscillating motion may easily be applied, such as vertical or horizontal recipro-
cating sliding frames in connection with the needle bars. So also the alternate
or reciprocating action of the needles may be effected by the adoption of doublo
bell-crank levers actuated by a duplicate reversed cam on the driving shaft.
At present sacks, bags, and sails are sewn by hand, the process being com-
paratively slow, and if a stitch is broken the other stitches give way; but by the
operation of the sewing machine the stitches are locked, the work is stronger
with a lighter sewing material, and the rapidity of the work is greatly increased.
In sewing the mouth of. the sack a single oscillating needle may be employed
with a single or double shuttle; this method would produce a continuous zig-
zag thread alternately through the double and single layer of material. The
work may be taken off by regulating the leverage of the take-off motion so as
to produce any length of stitch, according to the coarseness or fineness of the
material and the strength of work required. These machines may be so
constructed as to be worked by steam power when heavy work is required,
but for light bags, or for gloves, or other light work, they may be worked by a
treddle or treddles...
Another method of working sewing machines is by means of a rotating shaft
having a driving pulley at its extremity, and actuating the needle bars and
shuttles by means of excentrics and cams. The object of this is to dispense

page_text: with the use of the rocking arms or levers ordinarily applied for giving the
reciprocating motion to the needle bars. This is effected by forming two
standards on the bed plate, in which two plummer blocks or journals are set
to carry a shaft from which all parts of the machine are actuated; at the end
of the shaft near the needle bar or bars one or two cams are set, which act
upon the needle bars alternately to project them, the bars being brought back
by springs upon the face of the cams.
Another method of effecting the backward and forward motion of the needle.
bars is to set the needle plate or frame on a pivot or pivots, and cause it to vibrate.
to and fro, so as to cause a rocking or oscillating motion, whereby the needles are
alternately projected and brought back, so as to sew the selvage and inner edge.
respectively. By this arrangement the needles do not slide to and fro in
slots, but are moved by the "action of the plate or holder; by this action the
stitches would all be zig-zag with regard to the selvage. In order to accommo-
date the extremity of the shaft to this vibrating motion of the cams and needle
frame, a ball or universal joint is formed therein in order to communicate
rotary motion at an angle. An excentric may be placed on the shaft between
the plummer blocks in order to actuate a horizontal rocking motion in
communication with the vibrating needle holder, by which means the requisite
degree of oscillation is produced. In some cases we propose to apply two
needles, as follows:-One above the work and one below ; the upper needle
would work as before described, and the lower needle would be set in a frame
or holder bolted to the under plate and actuated by an excentric on the driving
shaft actuating a connecting rod passing through the plate, and joined to a
horizontal rod attached to the under needle bar; by this arrangement the upper
and lower needles are caused to penetrate the work respectively, and upper
and lower shuttles being applied, it will follow, by the use of cams or excentrics
to throw out the needle bars, and by springs to drive them back, that the
requisite stitch will be produced on both sides of the work. Where the
machine is worked by steam power, a fast and loose pulley should be placed
on the shaft in order that the machine may be stopped when desired by throwing
off the band from the driving pulley to the loose or running pulley. The
work may be taken off by the usual means; but for heavy work we propose
to set,roller's in the plate covered with rough fabric in order to assist in draw-
ing off the work; these rollers would be turned at intervals by bands deriving
motion from an under pulley in connection with the driving shaft or by a
ratchet motion.
These machines are also applicable to sewing sails and for attaching the
binder or rope to the edges thereof..

page_text: We propose by our Invention to use other numbers of needles and shuttles
according to the work to be done, the principle of the Invention being the
same: In order fully to explain the nature of our said Invention we annex
the accompanying Drawings, which represent a machine for sewing sacks and
other fabrics by means of three shuttles with two needles. From this example
the more simple machines will be readily understood as well as those for sewing
sails by means of four shuttles and two needles, or for working with four
shuttles and four needles, two shuttles above the work and two underneath,
and two oscillating needles above and two below the work.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 2, a plan view, and Fig. 3,
a front view. a, a, represents the main table framework and standards of the
machine; b is the driving shaft set in suitable bearings, and deriving motion
from the driving pulley 61; 6 being the loose pulley; power is communicated
from a steam engine by a driving band, which band is moved to or from each
pulley by a fork and lever in the usual manner. We may here mention that
these parts and the others following are formed in duplicate, one set above the
table and the other beneath as represented, in order to accomplish the objects
of sewing above and beneath the work. Although the machine may be driven
from the upper main shaft, it may also be driven from the lower shaft, and to
leave this optional, we, apply the bevil or mitre wheel gearing shewn at 3 in
connection with the vertical shaft 6. c, c, are discs attached to the ends of
the driving shafts; in front of these discs are fixed grooved or slotted faced.
cams c', c¹; d, d, are oscilliating connecting rods gearing in the slots by
means of small tubular friction rollers, and these rods are also connected to
the needle bar holder or case e, sliding vertically in the outer fixed case e¹;
now the grooves of the cams are cut with such curves that, when the upper
rod descends and the lower rod ascends to its furthest point a circular portion
of the groove shall present itself for the travel of the rods, whereby the rods
are kept stationary for a brief period, the object of which is, that as the needle
bars cause the needles to traverse the work, time shall be afforded for the
passage of the shuttles; the ascending and descending curves are made acuto
so as to effect a rapid ascent and descent, but of course the exact form of
curve must depend upon the nature of the work to be performed.
We will now explain the manner of effecting, the to-and-fro motion of the
needle bars. We have already described the mere vertical action of the case e
in the fixed ease e¹. Now the case e has two longitudinal slots f, f, on each
side cut through to the surface of the needle bar holder e, which is loose in e;
through these slots, pins or cross heads f¹, f¹, extend from the bar e², and
pass through the vertical slots or spaces f³, f³, in the outer fixed case e¹.

page_text: 4
·h is a horizontal sliding frame resting on a feather h¹ (Fig. 3); it 'contains
two vertical slots h³, h, through which the cross heads f¹, f¹, are made to pass,
and a face plate f³ is then placed outside this frame along the slots, and is
secured to the cross heads by nuts and screws; by these arrangements it is
clear that if horizontal reciprocating motion be given to the sliding frame, the
needle bar will also be moved to and fro correspondingly, while it will derive
vertical motion likewise by the means already described. Of course there is
a sliding frame on each side of the machine, as well as above and beneath tho
table, and each is actuated in the following manner :-The part 2 of the sliding
frame is connected to a sliding rod h' working in bosses h³ cast on the frame-
work; there are four of these rods connected to the breast piece h, and con-
tinued to the framework h', extending beyond the vertical shaft; two adjustable
Jugs or projections h³, h³, are screwed within the frame, and a disc h is keyed
on the shaft as shewn; this disc has two slots cut therein, one on each side,
and above the disc is fitted the tappet disc 10, having an oval or oblong, per-
foration as shewn in the plan view; the tappet disc is to be adjusted in
position on the disc h' by means of a rear screw and two under tightening
screws, the object being to throw the tappet lug h" further from or nearer to
the centre of the vertical shaft, and thus by a proper adjustment of the three
tappets a to-and-fro motion of the frame, breast piece, and sliding frames is
easily accomplished, and consequently the distance of motion to and fro of the
needle bars is effected according to the stitch required. In order to effect an
oscillation of the two upper needles it is only necessary to divide the needle
bar into two parts, and to divide the breast piece and frame and bars in like
manner, and so to arrange the tappets and lugs as to effect a reciprocating or
vibrating action of the needles to produce a special form of stitch; 9 represent
the shuttle boxes, of which three are shewn, and we now proceed to describe
the working of the shuttles.
The driving shaft, Fig. 2, carries a pinion i gearing with toothed wheels i', i',
set in bearings on cross heads fixed to the frame; at the sides of these wheels,
discs 2,, are keyed or attached, having a pin or projection on each to act as a
tappet;,, are cross heads, which carry in bearings a hollow shaft, and a
solid shaft through the same; 1, 2, are levers descending from the shafts,
and actuated by the tappets, ; the surfaces of contact between the levers
and tappets are made in the form of a projecting quadrant, and it will follow
that the upward motion they receive will give a slight and sudden turn to the
rods at every revolution of the tappets; the pinion i has half the number of
teeth of the wheels i, i, so that two revolutions of the shaft are equal to one
motion of the tappets; the levers have circular heads bored out to fit the

page_text: shafts, and are fixed thereto by screws, so as to be moved on the shafts when
it may be necessary to shift the position of those shafts as hereafter mentioned;
so also the hollow shaft is held in position by the adjustment of the levers,
and by sliding bosses and set screws, in order to fix their position against the
cross heads. The solid shaft projects at each end beyond the cross heads,"
and is held in position by similar sliding bossés against the hollow shaft. These
shafts are for working the picks of the shuttles; assuming that only three
shuttles are used, the under part only of the machine would have double shafts,
the upper part having one shaft; but if four shuttles were used, four shafts
would be required.
In Fig. 8 two of these picks j, j, are shewn; they are formed with shifting
bossed heads, and are adjusted' to the requisite distance, angle, and elevation by,
the set screws jj; their operation will therefore be obvious; they actuate:
the shuttles by short and rapid blows, and drive them': from one box to the
other across the work and through the needle threads, and so effect the requisite
stitch. The upper shuttle boxes are brought down as near the surface of the
work as possible, and are held in position as follows:-On each front corner
or edge of the fixed case e¹ an angular or L-iron face j' is attached, having
slotted projections j³, through which the vertical sliding shuttle holder or rod
jis passed; this rod is curved at the lower end and attached to the shuttle:
box g as shewn (Fig. 1). The screws jo, j³, are respectively for the vertical
and transverse motion and position of the shuttle box, and the screw jo for the
setting of such position; and it is in accordance with the position of the
shuttle for making narrower or. wider rows of stitches that the 'before-
mentioned adjustments of the picks are rendered necessary. A pressure foot
is arranged within the case e¹ as follows:-On the front cross bar at the top of
the machine a fulcrum kis placed, with a lever k¹ jointed thereon, and attached:
to the cross head and to two descending rods ³, at the bottom of which
a pressure foot or plate is attached for the purpose of holding down the
work; is a set screw working on a threaded pin fixed on the cross head, and
working against the action of a spiral spring surrounding the pin; 'it therefore
follows that the pressure may be regulated by turning the screw so as to tighten
or slacken the spring; the rods descend within the case e in spaces left by
two steel face plates e³, placed between the vertically sliding needle bar case e
and the fixed outer case e'; these steel plates are. each held in position by:
two adjusting screws; 7 is an adjustable guard or guide piece for the purpose
of guiding the work across the machine and effecting a regular line of stitch.
With regard to the lower shuttles, they are held in boxes under the table by
means of a ledge or tray, and are adjustable to suit the upper.shuttle.or.shuttles!

page_text: by means of screws; their method of work has already been described. m, m,
are two discs connected together by the rod m¹; these discs act as a balance fly
wheel, steadying and balancing the action of the working parts; n, n, n, n, are
four pullies, two of which are attached to the driving shafts, around which a
band is passed, the object of which is to prevent the back lash on the vertical
and horizontal shafts and spur wheels and pinions, and to give smoothness to
the rotary action. In large machines the warp or needle thread is brought
from a beam or reel apart from the machine, and guided by the V-grooved
pulley n¹ on the rear cross head, but in small machines the spool or reel would
take the place of the pulley n'.
In Figs. 2 and 3 a plan is shewn for facilitating the feed and take-off motion
of the goods; on the main shaft at o a pulley is keyed; 0, 0, are two uprights
supporting grooved pulleys, and o2, 0%, are two rollers set at the sides of the
machine by means of the projections o' and the sockets 0%. The handles o", 0,
serve to turn the screws.o', to which are attached bosses or rings to form
bearings for the rollers, and by the action of the screws the elevation of the
rollers is changed and they are brought below the level of the table. Two gut
bands are passed round the shaft or pulley at o, and over the pulleys on the
uprights o¹, o, and thence round the rollers 02, 02; by these means the work is
made to travel across the machine in a regular manner without straining the
central take-off motion, which is effected as follows:-p is an excentric on the
lower driving shaft, connected to the rod p² attached to the rocking crank p³,
connected to the horizontal shaft p³, supported in bearings p, p, bolted to the
under plate of the machine; the extremity of this shaft has the slotted arm p³
keyed thereto; this slot contains the axis of a pall p, the position of which
is variable, and is fixed by a stud, square head, and screw. This pall works
in the rack p', by which means the rack and its shaft are turned a certain
distance by each motion of the excentric and revolution of the driving shaft,
according to the position of the pall on the slotted guide bar; p8 is a tooth
or catch to prevent the return of the ratchet wheel. The shaft of the rack is
set in suitable bearings below the table, and a box-wood roller is fixed to the
rear side of a disc attached to the rack; this roller is studded with points all
oyer its surface, and is brought to bear upon the under surface of the fabric,
which is consequently gradually drawn across the work by such intervals
according to the regulation of the pall on the slotted bar to suit the stitch
required...
Figs. 4 and 5 shew two examples of cone motions for varying the speed of
the machine, where several machines are worked by one engine, one cone
having steps and the other a plane conical surface. We dispense in some

page_text: cases with the methods described for actuating the shuttles, and employ com-
pressed air (in lieu thereof), which is allowed to pass through suitable valves
into tubes in lieu of the shuttle boxes, and so, propel the shuttles across from
one box to the other; this method would be very advantageous where four
shuttles are used, as a considerable amount of work in the construction of the
tappets and picks would be avoided. The necessary opening and shutting of
the inlet valves could be readily accomplished by cam motions from the driving
shafts.
1. Fig. 6 shew's a method we apply for working small machines by a treddle; the
treddle is furnished with a grooved pulley. set in bearings, around which a
chain passes, and extends upwards to another similar pulley set on the end of
the crank of the driving shaft; the result is that the action of, the, treddle
effects. an easier motion than by the usual connecting rod and greater leverage.
P, Fig. 3, shews the opening; in the standard for the treddle motion. The
machines may also be worked by a handle and fly wheel, so also loopers may
be applied in lieu of shuttles if desired. Underneath & sliding plates are
placed covering the shuttle boxes, so that they may be removed and replaced
readily.
Having now, described the nature of our said. Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we would remark in conclusion that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details or configuration of parts we
have expressed and shewn, as the same may obviously be varied or modified
by mechanical equivalents to effect the same purposes without in any way
departing from the principles on which our Invention is based, neither do we
limit ouselves to any particular action of the needles and shuttles, or loopers,
'ns of course by our Invention the work performed may be varied in very.
numerous ways by adjusting the number and positions of the needles and
shuttles according to the work required, whether for sewing sails, sacks, bags,
tarpaulins by steam power, or for finer work by band or foot; but what we
claim and desire to be secured to us by the herein in part recited Letters
Patent are,
1stly, the application of a needle or needles in conjunction with a shuttle
or shuttles both above the table and beneath the table of sewing machines,
and also the method of working the needles vertically and to and fro from a
main driving shaft, and the methods of actuating the shuttles, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
2ndly, the general arrangement of parts constituting the take-off rollers at
the side of the machine, and the method of actuating them, and also the

page_text: central underneath take-off motion actuated by the excentric slotted bar and
pall and ratchet, both substantially as herein specified.
3rdly, the application of the power of compressed air to the propulsion of
shuttles for sewing machinery as described..
5thly, the application of the foot motion to sewing machinery as described.
And, lastly, the general construction, combination, and arrangement of parts
constituting the improvements in sewing machines, substantially as herein
specified and shewn.
In witness whereof, we, the said Barnabas Russ and Edward Gandell
the younger,
I have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-six.
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
· BARNABAS RUSS.
(L.S.)
EDWARD GANDELL, JN. (L.8.)
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.