Improvements in Apparatus for Swaging Dental Plates.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Swaging Dental Plates.
I, JOHN HUTCHENS GARTRELL, of 47, Chapel Street, Penzance, in the County of
Cornwall, Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is an improved method of swaging or pressing
dental plates to fit the model of the mouth. The apparatus is described in the
following statement:-
A casting is made in iron the shape of a cylinder having a solid bottom; it is
about 4 inches diameter inside, by 2 in. deep; it is turned out to receive a plunger
ot cast iron, which is operated upon for producing pressure in the cylinder by a
screw & clamp. The model of the mouth with dental plate partially fitted upon it,
is placed in the bottom of the cylinder, & then gun shot poured in around it until
the cylinder is filled above the model & plate; the plunger is forced upon the shot
by the screw & lever, causing the shot to press upon the dental plate in all directions,
& swaging it to perfect adaptation to the model; ordinary gun shot is used, or very
small steel balls.
тартоѵещению шаррахали
I, JOHN HUTCHENS GARTRELL, Dentist, of 47, Chapel Street, Penzance, in the
County of Cornwall, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object an improved swaging or pressing apparatus to
be used for all dental swaging or pressing operations, such as for pressing sheet tin
or its alloys, or gold, platinum, or other metal or alloy, or vulcanite, to fit a model
of the mouth, or for swaging tin trial and base plates on fusible metal models, or
for swaging a badly fitting vulcanite set to fit a correct plaster model of the mouth,
and so forth; and for swaging sheet metal generally.
In carrying my invention into practical effect, I make a hollow cylindrical casting
of iron or other suitable metal, such as gun metal, having one end, forming the
bottom thereof, closed. The inside of this casting is turned to receive a metal
plunger. The model of the mouth, having the dental plate or the like partially fitted
thereon, is placed inside the bottom of this cylindrical casting; fine gun shot (pre-
D
077

page_text: ferably No. 10 or 12) or very small steel balls about 1/16 of an inch in diameter, are
then poured into the said casting until the model and plate are surrounded and
covered and the cylinder is nearly full, and the metal plunger is placed on the top
of the shot; the apparatus is then placed in a suitable screw press, the screw of
which is operated by a double ended hand lever. When this hand lever is rotated
the screw descends, and coming in contact with the plunger, causes the latter to
exert such a pressure upon the fine shot or steel balls as to cause them to press evenly
in all directions upon the dental or like plate, thus swaging it to a perfect impres-
sion of the model. I also, in some cases, interpose between the work and the shot
or steel balls, a disc of rubber or the like substance about 3/16 of an inch in thick-
ness, and of such diameter as to exactly fit, the inside of the cylinder; the object
of this being to prevent any of the shot or steel balls finding their way between the
dental plate or the like and the model; when treating the harder or thicker metal
plates, after the initial stage of the swaging or pressing is completed, this rubber
disc may be withdrawn and the swaging then finished with the 'shot' or steel balls
alone; when treating the softer metal plates such as tin and its alloys, the swaging
may be completed without removing the rubber disc.
When it is desired to use the apparatus for lining a plaster impression of the
mouth with tin (so that the plaster or other model, when cast from this impression,
may have a working surface of sheet tin) the tray containing the plaster impression
is placed on the bottom of the cylinder; a suitable recess in the cylinder receiving
the handle of such tray and this recess being afterwards closed by a suitable plug
or partition; the sheet tin (having already been swaged to fit a fusible metal model
taken from the plaster impression) is now placed in the impression, into which it
will approximately fit, and the cylinder nearly filled with fine shot or small steel
balls. Upon pressure being applied by turning the screw, the small shot or steel
balls will force the sheet tin to fit accurately into the impression.
The apparatus may also be used to swage a dental plate with the bands
and wires attached to it or a plate with the artificial teeth upon
it, nc injury being done to either the bands or teeth. In such cases the plate
is placed on a model and both these are placed in the cylinder, into which shot or
steel balls are then poured until the work is well covered, no rubber disc is necessary
and when pressure is applied by means of the plunger and screw press, as previously
described, (the pressure of the shot or steel balls being equal in every direction)
an accurate fit of the model will be obtained.
When swaging an ill-fitting vulcanite set to a correct plaster model, the model
with the set of teeth upon it is placed in the cylinder, shot is poured in until the
work is well covered, and the plunger and press are adjusted. The whole apparatus
is then placed in boiling water for a sufficient length of time to soften the vulcanite,
pressure is then produced by turning the screw as previously described, and the
vulcanite plate will be pressed into an accurate fit of the model.
For swaging the softer metals as tin and its alloys, lead shot may be successfully
used but when heavy swaging is required, such as for No. 6 gauge gold plate,
very small steel balls are preferable, as lead shot under heavy pressure are liable to
braise each other out of shape and become impacted, so that the pressure is not
then evenly distributed.
I will now proceed to describe my invention in connection with the accompany-
ing drawings, in which the same letters of reference indicate like parts in the
various figures.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one form of my apparatus.
Fig: 2 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 showing
work in position to be treated.
Fig. 3 is a modified form of my apparatus partly in section showing the work in
position to be treated.
Fig. 4 is a view of a detail.
Figs. 5 and 6 are a plan and side view respectively of a rubber disc.
a is a hollow cylindrical casting of iron or other suitable metal, one end of which,

page_text: forming the bottom thereof, is closed. The inside of this casting a is turned to
receive a plunger b..
The cylinder shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is also fitted with a recess a¹ capable of
being closed by a plug or partition a² for a purpose hereinafter explained.
When the work has been arranged in the cylinder a, the plunger b is placed in
position, and the apparatus placed in the screw press p. The required pressure for
The swaging can then be applied by means of rotating the lever, and thus lowering
the screws into contact with the plunger b and thus transmitting the necessary
pressure to the work. When it is required to remove the work from the cylinder,
the screws is raised by rotating the lever in the opposite direction, when the
plunger b can be removed and the work taken out of the cylinder a.
Fig. 2 shows the apparatus in use for lining a plaster impression of the mouth
with tin as previously referred to. The tray t having the plaster impression m
thereon, is placed in the bottom of the cylinder a. The handle of this tray t
passes into the recess a¹ provided to receive it, and the mouth of this recess is then
closed by means of a closely fitting plug a², which latter is secured in position by
the rod which passes through the walls of the recess a¹ and also through a hole h
in the central flange f (Fig. 5) of the plug. This plug preserves the evenly
rounded inside surface of the cylinder a.
A piece of sheet tin 2, that has been previously swaged to a model of the mouth,
so that it approximately fits the impression, is then placed in position, and shot s
are poured into the cylinder a to a sufficient height, the plunger & being placed on
top and the necessary pressure applied by means of the lever and screw s; the
tin plate being thus swaged to a correct fit of the impression, so that a plaster
model having a tin working surface can be cast therefrom. If preferred, a rubber
or like disc, such as d (Figs. 5 and 6) may be interposed between the shot and the
sheet tin.
Fig. 3 shows a somewhat modified form of my apparatus, the bottom of the
cylinder a being provided with a projection or rib j for fitting into a groove or vice
in order to hold the apparatus steady, and the arms of the screw press p being
pivoted to the cylinder.
In the cylinder is shown a model of the mouth m² having a plate with artificial
teeth upon it e placed thereon; the cylinder is nearly filled with shot s', the
teeth being well covered therewith, and the plunger b is then placed on the top of
the cylinder; when pressure is now applied to the plunger the dental plate e will
be swaged or pressed to correctly fit the model and the teeth will remain uninjured
owing to the shot pressing evenly in all directions.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent a rubber disc d about 3/16 of an inch in thickness and of
the same diameter as the inside of the cylinder a, to be used for interposing between
the shot or steel balls and the work when necessary, as previously described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
(1) Dental swaging apparatus consisting of the cylinder a having a recess a¹
closed by a plug a² held in position by the rod r, the plunger b and screw press p
as described.
(2) Dental swaging apparatus consisting of the cylinder a having a rib or
projection on the bottom thereof, the plunger b and screw press ? as described.
(3) The method of swaging a badly fitting vulcanite plate with artificial teeth
attached thereto to accurately fit a correct model of the mouth, by placing such
correct model with the badly fitting plate and teeth upon it in the bottom of a
cylinder such as a then filling the cylinder with small shot or small steel balls,
until the dental work is well covered, placing a plunger such as b in the top of the
cylinder, softening the vulcanite by placing the whole apparatus in boiling water,
and then applying pressure by means of a screw press such as p, as described.

page_text: (4) The method of swaging sheet metal to fit a model or impression of the mouth
or other object by placing such model or impression in a cylinder such as a, placing
the sheet metal in position on the model or impression, covering the metal sheet
and model or impression with a thin rubber disc such as d, nearly filling the
cylinder with small lead shot, or small steel balls, placing a plunger such as 6 in
the top of the cylinder, and applying pressure by means of a screw press such as p,
as described.
(5) The method of swaging sheet metal to fiti a model or impression of the mouth
or other object by placing such model or impression in a cylinder such as a,
placing the sheet metal in position on the model or impression, covering the sheet
metal and model or impression to a sufficient depth with small steel balls, or
small lead shot, placing a plunger such as b in the top of the cylinder and apply-
ing pressure by means of a screw press such as 2), as described.
(6) In a dental swaging apparatus consisting of a cylinder such as a plunger
such as 6 and screw press such as the combined use of a rubber disc such as d,
and small lead shot, for pressing sheet metal to accurately fit a model or impression
of the mouth, or for other dental purposes, as described.
(7) In a dental swaging apparatus consisting of a cylinder such as a, plunger
such as b and screw press such as p the combined use of a rubber disc such as d,
and small steel balls, for pressing sheet metal to accurately fit a model or impression
of the mouth, or for other dental purposes, as described.
Dotód thin 5th da..
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1000
"
CASTLE SMITH,
Invention Office, Mitre Court, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.