IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Salt, of Saltaire, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS
AND OTHER PILED FABRICS."
Sealed the 10th March 1857, and dated the 24th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Salt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1856.
I, GEORGE SALT, of Saltaire, in the County of York, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS," to bo as follows:-
In the Specification of a Patent granted to Frederick William Mowbray,
and bearing date the Twenty-first day of May 1855, it is proposed to weave
carpets and other pile fabrics by the use of longitudinal pile wires or instru-
ments of a peculiar character. And my improvements relate to improved
means for effecting the crossing of the pile threads, to form the pile over such
descriptions of pile wires, when the pile threads are operated by jacquard or
other harness. For this purpose I employ a bar of points, between which the
threads to form pile are raised, and by which they are conducted correctly
to the desired side of the pile wires. Guides or instruments interspersed
between the upper and back parts of the pile wires aid the operations of the

page_text: points. To facilitate the operation of the guides they are formed thinner at
the parts which enter between the pile wires than at their other parts, and they
are affixed to a bar, which, with the bar of points, has suitable shogging or
endway motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
hy the said George Salt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
SALT, of Saltaire, in the County of York, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November, in the year of our
Jord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Salt, Her special licence that I, the said George Salt, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others ns I, the said George
Salt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "INPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
CARPETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
1, the said George Salt, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Salt, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
In the Specification of a Patent granted to Frederick William Mowbray,
bearing date the 21st day of May 1855, for "Improvements in looms for
weaving carpets and other pile fabrics," it is proposed to weave carpets and
other pile fabrics by the use of longitudinal pile wires or instruments of a
peculiar character. And my Invention relates to improved means for effecting

page_text: the crossing of the pile threads, to form the pile loops over such description of
pile wires, when the pile threads are operated by jacquard or other harness.
For this purpose I employ a bar of points between which the threads to form
pile are raised, and by which they are conducted correctly to the desired side
of the pile wires. Guides or instruments interspersed between the upper and
back parts of the pile wires aid the operations of the points.
carry the
But that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
same into effect, may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the
But that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner I carry the
same into effect, may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the
Drawings annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a sectional side view of parts of a loom with my improve-
ments applied thereto. And I would here state, that I have not thought it
necessary to show an entire loom, but have confined myself to showing only
so much as will serve to illustrate the operation of the parts constituting the
improvements. Figure 2 shows a front view of some of the parts. Other of
the Figures show some of the parts separately. a, a, is the main framing;
b, the crank axis, which is driven by a steam engine or other suitable power,
as is well understood; c, the cam shaft or axis, which receives motion from
the crank shaft or axis b by its having affixed thereon a
Goothed wheel c
(shown by red lines), and which is taken into and driven by a toothed
wheel d upon the crank shaft; e, e, aro beams from which the body or back
warp e, e', is supplied; and fis the breast roller or beam, the surface of which
is supplied with pin points to take into the back of the work, and draw it
forward by the rotary motion given to that roller or beam by the working of
the loom; 9, 9, are the pile wires, which are of the character described,
though somewhat different in shape from those shown in the Specification of
Patent granted to Frederick William Mowbray already referred to, and they
are set in leads g', by which they are screwed to the bar 9%, carried by the
standards from the main framing. The pile warps i are operated by
harness from suitable jacquard apparatus; k, k, are points set in a bar ³,
between which, according to my improvements, the pile warp threads selected
for the formation of each fresh row of pile loops are raised previous to their
being crossed over the pile wires; 1, 1, are guides or instruments which are
set in leads, affixed by screws to a bar . .The points of these guides or
instruments 1, 1, pass into the spaces between the wires or instruments g, and
at such parts the guides are formed thinner, as more clearly shown by the
separate views of a lead of these instruments at Figure 3, in order that whilst
these guides serve to aid in keeping the wires or instruments y correctly

page_text: spaced, they also serve, by the aid of the points k, to conduct the pile threads
to the desired side of those-wires g.
The bar, carrying the points k, is borne towards the left hand by a
spring, whilst its other end is, a link, connected to the upper end of
a lever, which turns upon a centre of motion, and at its other end is
formed into a nib, which is operated by the rim or cam surface of the
wheel, which is formed suitable to give to the bar of points & tho desired
motions.
The bar, carrying the guides 1, is borne towards the left hand in its
bearings in the standards h by a spring P, whilst it is slided in the opposite
direction, as desired, by the cam or tappet surface formed on the rim of the
wheel acting upon the nib of the lever P, which turns upon a centre of
motion, whilst its upper end is connected by the link to the bar P. The
wheels and are affixed upon and rotate with the axis c.
In order to explain the operation of these instruments & and 7, I will
suppose that fabric has been produced in the working of the loom, and that
weft has been thrown across to tie in the row of loops last formed across the
fabric, and that such last row of loops was obtained by the crossing of the pile
warps over the pile wires or instruments in the direction of from left to right,
so that the next crossing of the threads over the pile wires or instruments g,
for the formation of the next row of loops, will be from right to left, and the
points of the guides will be bearing against the left-hand sides of those pilo
wires, as shown by Fig. 4, in position for the pile warps next to be raised
freely rising above the pile wires into the spaces between the guides l; and
the points will be standing behind them, that is, with a point behind each
guide. And when the selected pile warps have been fully raised into the
spaces between the guides and points k, the bar of guides I will be allowed
to move to the left-hand, in order that the guides may press against the right-
hand sides of the wires or instruments 9 (as shown by Fig. 5), and leave
spaces for the descent of the pile warps on the left-hand side of the pile wires
or instruments g. The bar of points k is also allowed to move to the left in
position to conduct the pile warps in their descent safely to the left-hand side
of the pile wires 9, and prevent their descending again on the right side of
those, or on the same side from which they have risen. The loops thus
formed by the laying of the pile warps on the left side of the pile wires will
then be tied in by the weft, and when fully tied in the pile warps required to
bo raised in the next selection by the jacquard or other pattern surface
employed will be again raised into the spaces between the guides I, which
will then be moved back to the right, so that their points may again bear

page_text: against the left-hand side of the pile wires g, when the points will move to
the right hand, also to insure the correct descent of the pile warps to the
right-hand side of the pile wires, and so on in succession.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the means
which I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown, so long as the
peculiar character of my improvements be retained; but what I do claim is,
first, the application of points k operating in manner and for the purpose
substantially as explained, and also in combination therewith guides I, con-
structed and operated substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Salt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
5 Witness,
WILLIAM BROokes.
GEORGE SALT. (L.B.)