IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS,
a communication to me from abroad by J. M. Grob, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of
Saxony, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to mechanical musical instruments having the peculiar
feature that the tones are produced by a reciprocating playing or pin board upon
which the keys act during the forward motion of the pin board. On the latter are
fixed a series of pins and tacks arranged in rows and placed according to the notes
of the melodies to be played, but so that the distance from centre to centre of the
rows of pins is equal to half the distance from centre to centre of the keys arranged
in a special frame underneath the cover or top plate of the instrument.
The pin board is furthermore provided on each of its longer sides or edges with
a rack and also with a groove arranged parallel with the rows of pins.
The key frame is provided with laterally projecting pins which allow the frame
to be shifted sideways in the casing, at the termination of the forward and back-
ward travel of the pin board, for a distance equal to that separating the rows of
pins, so that only one half of the rows of pins is at any time brought in contact
with the upward projecting pins of the keys, in consequence of which different
melodies are played during the backward travel of the pin board and during the
forward travel of the same.
Consequently each separate playing or pin board is provided with, twice the
number of rows of pins as there are keys in the instrument.
The travelling pin board is made exchangeable, whereby any desired melody may .
be played on the same instrument.
Another way of changing the melody is to turn the pin board upside down, the
board being provided on each face with pins and tacks representing one or more
melodies, while only those pins and tacks which point downward are brought in
contact with the keys.
"
'
... For placing a pin board into the instrument, a hinged cross bar provided on its
underside with elastic rollers is turned back so as to expose the cover or top plate
3332

page_text: of the instrument and allow a new board to be put on the same.
When placing
the pin board in the instrument, care should be taken that a longitudinal guide rail
projecting from the top plate fits into the corresponding groove of the board and
that one of the racks gears into the driving pinion.
•
After the pin board has been placed in the instrument, the hinged cross bar or
strap is again turned down upon the board, and firmly pressed with its extremity
into a slotted bearing, in which it is secured by an eccentrically curved lever. By
the depression of the strap, rollers secured to springs underneath the said strap are
pressed against the board so as to prevent the rack from being set out of gear with
the driving pinion, and the guide-rail from being disengaged from the groove.
The instrument is played by turning a horizontal main shaft or crank axle, on
which is mounted a toothed pinion, as well as a crank for operating the bellows.
By the said crank and a pair of connecting rods the necessary wind is caused to
pass from a pair of bellows into a hermetically closed air chamber communicating
with a reserve bellows which supplies the wind for producing the sounds.
The superflous wind escapes through a valve of the reserve bellows.
The toothed pinion mounted on the driving axle transmits rotary motion from
the latter to a parallel axle which has its bearings in a vertical base plate and on
which, in addition to the tooth wheel gearing into the driving pinion, is fixed a
chain wheel and pivoted a movable base plate.
On the said movable plate are mounted two sets of change wheels pivoted on
pins. By the rotation of the whole movable base plate on its axle, the change-
wheels are made gear into the rack pinion alternately from the right side and from
the left side of the latter.
The said pinion gears into the rack of the pin board and owing to its alternate
gearing with two opposite sets of change wheels, the said pinion propels the board
(which rests on rollers) alternately forward and backward.
For automatically reversing the motion of the pin board, the fixed base plate
carries two levers pivoted on the same pin, one of the said levers being connected
with the inner end and the other lever with the outer end of a watch spring wound
around the pivotal pin holding the two levers, so that the latter tend to press
against a pin secured to the fixed base plate. One of the said spring-levers
is connected with a reversing lever by a connecting rod and the other spring lever
is connected with a second reversing lever by another connecting rod. The
reversing levers are provided at the upper end with curved prolongations or horns
and are pivoted on pins secured to the fixed plate.
On one of these pins is also pivoted a stoplever having two recesses, as well as a
pointed arın reaching up to the same height above the cover of the casing as the
pins of the keys. The said stop lever being pressed upward by a spring, the
recesses receive and hold alternately (according as one or the other of the trains of
change wheels is thrown in gear with the rack pinion) with the rectangular axle
end of the one or the other of the uppermost charge wheels, thereby maintaining
the respective change wheel' in gear with the rack pinion..
If now the pin board travels from the right to the left, the pins and tacks of the
board, representing the melody, press against the pins of the keys, so that the keys
(guided by vertical tongues and by a perforated plate which is firmly connected
with the key board) are depressed, and. the respective valves are opened by means
of vertical rods whereupon the wind escaping from the air chamber passes through
the corresponding tongues, reeds or pipes and thus produces the sounds forming
part of the melody.
At the same time the pin board depresses the horn of the left reversing lever,
whereby the left hand spring lever is moved towards the right, the spring connecting
the two spring levers is expanded, and finally one of two projections suitably
placed on the pin board at the end of each melody depresses the stoplever, whereby
the rectangular axlehead is disengaged from the recess or open bearing in the stop
lever,

page_text: At this moment the left hand spring-lever pressing against the pin of the pivoted
base plate turns the latter so far around its axle, that the square axle head of the
second change wheel falls into the second recess of the stop-lever, and that the
alternate trains of change wheels are reversed, in consequence of which the pin
board immediately begins its return travel. At the same moment, however, a small
angle lever is turned around its axle by a fork of the pivoted base plate, and by
means of a rod connecting the said lever with the key board the latter is moved
sideways for the distance from centre to centre of the rows of pins.
This operation repeats itself during the return travel of the pinboard, which is
therefore automatically moved forward and backward. The keys are arranged in
such manner in the keyboard or frame that during the forward and backward travel
of the pin board the valves are opened by means of the vertical rods owing to the
contact of the pins and tacks of the pinboard with the pins of the keys, and
consequently the instrument plays without interruption, as long as the driving axle
is kept in motion.
In a modified mechanism for the backward and forward motion of the playing
board the rack pinion and change wheels are parallel with the pin board and
situated on the cover of the casing. The rotary motion is in this case imparted
from a driving shaft by means of worm and worm wheel, bevel wheels and an
upright shaft.
The mechanism for producing the reciprocating motion of the pin board may be
modified in many ways without departing from the invention.
Instead of pins and tacks, the reciprocating music board may have recesses or
slots serving to reproduce the melody. When this playing board is used, the valves
are opened by springs, instead of being closed by the same and they are closed by
means of the board which slides over the pins of the keys.
The melody is in this case reproduced owing to the key pins engaging into the
recesses of the music board.
In a modified mechanism for operating the playing board, a toothed pinion
mounted on the driving axle transmits the motion of the same to a tooth wheel
attached to a chain wheel which turns on a stud fixed in a movable rail or
frame.
The chainwheel transmits the motion by means of an endless chain to a second
chain wheel and thereby to the rackpinion, which is rigidly connected with the
same.
The rack pinion on the other hand gears into one of the two racks fixed to an
adjustable vertical board whereby the latter is moved along in its guide. At the
same time an arm or catch extending upward from the said board moves the pin
board (which is guided between rollers along a fixed tongue).
The second chain wheel and the rack pinion are mounted loose, on a horizontal
pin fixed to the movable rail mentioned above, which rail is pivoted on a horizontal
pin or pivot fixed to a plate, so that, when the rail is turned on its pivot, the rack
pinion is thrown out of gear with the upper rack and thrown in gear with the
lower rack (between which racks the pinion is situated) or vice versa. The forked
upper end of a vertical bolt which is adjustable on a plate, receives and holds the
hub of the chain wheel and rack pinion, and a lever acting on the said bolt
maintains the rack pinion alternately in gear with one of the racks.
By operating the rack frame, came or blocks mounted on levers and protruding
from below into the path of the rack board, are depressed, thereby straining springs
connected with the said levers.
Consequently, at the termination of the travel in either direction of the rack
board, one of the said springs fixed to a pin pivoted on a fixed vertical plate and
having a radial nose, is always stretched. The radial nose engages in a recess of
the vertical bolt and, as soon as one of two downward projections or stop pins,.
suitably arranged on the playing board, depresses a certain vertical rod by means
of a corresponding key (whereby owing to the pressure of the said rod against one
end of the angle lever the other end of the latter recedes from the stop pin of the

page_text: vertical bolt) one of the springs stretched by the forward and backward travel of
the rack board turns the pivotal pin, provided with the radial nose above
mentioned, towards the right (or the left) whereby the vertical bolt is lifted (or
depressed), and the pivoted rail, carrying the chain wheels and rack pinion, is turned
around its pivot, in consequence of which the rack pinion is thrown out of gear
with one of the racks and thrown in gear with the other rack.
At the same moment the movement of the rack board and of the pin board or
music board is reversed, the angle lever is again placed in front or behind the stop
pin of the vertical bolt and again maintains the bolt with the rack pin in
position.
At the same time, owing to the lifting of the holt, an angle lever, connected with
the same laterally, adjusts the key frame mounted so that during the return travel
of the pin board the rows of pins brought in contact with the key are different from
those touched during the forward motion.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent
Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS," a communication to me from abroad by J. M. Grob, of Leipzig,
Saxony, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to mechanical musical instruments.
In the following description reference will be made to Figs 1 to 26 of the
accompanying drawings, which represent various instruments embodying this
invention.
Figs 1 to 5 illustrate a musical instrument having the peculiar feature that
the tones are produced by a reciprocating playing or pin board a
upon which
the keys act during the forward as well as during the backward motion of
the pin board a.
Fig. 1, is a longitudinal vertical section, Fig 2, half plan and half horizontal
section, and Fig 3, a vertical cross section of the instrument along two different
planes, while Figs. 4 and 5, illustrate details.
In the left half of Fig 3, the section is taken through the centre of the keys b¹,
Fig 1, and in the right half the keys are omitted.
=>
On the pin board a are fixed a series of pins arranged in rows and placed
according to the notes of the melodies to be played, but so that the distance from
centre to centre of the rows of pins is equal to half the distance from centre to
centre of the keys b' arranged in a special frame c underneath the cover or top
plate of the instrument.
The pin board a is furthermore provided on each of its longer sides, or edges
with a rack m and also with a groove arranged parallel with the rows of pins.
The key frame c is provided with three laterally projecting pins 8 which allow
the frame to be shifted sideways in the casing, at the termination of the forward
and backward travel of the pin board a, for a distance equal to that separating the
rows of pins, so that only one half of the rows of pins is alternately brought in
contact with the upward projecting pins b of the keys bl, in consequence of which
different melodies are played during the backward travel of the pin board and
during the forward travel of the same.
Consequently each separate.playing or pin board a is provided with twice the
number of rows of pins as there are keys in the instrument.
The travelling pin board a is made exchangeable whereby any desired melody
may be played on the same instrument. Another way of changing the melody is
to turn the pin board a upside down; the board being provided on each face
with pins and tacks representing one or more melodies while only those pins
which point downward are brought in contact with the pins b of the keys b¹.
For placing a pin board a into the instrument a cross bar x hinged to the post s
and provided on its under side with elastic rollers & mounted on springs, is turned
out of the bearing so as to expose the cover or top plate of the instrument and
allow a new board to be put on the same,

page_text: When placing the pin board in the instrument, care should be taken that a
longitudinal guide rail s projecting from the top plate fits into the corresponding
groove of the board and that one of the racks m gears into the driving pinion o.
After the pin board a has been placed in the instrument the hinged cross bar or
strap is again turned down, as shown by Figs 3 and 4 and firmly pressed with its
extremity into the slotted bearing in which it is secured by an eccentrically
curved lever shown by Fig 4.
By the depression of the strap, rollers secured to springs underneath the
said strap are pressed against the board a so as to prevent the rack m from being
set out of gear with the driving pinion o and the guide rail I from being disengaged
from the groove.
The instrument is played by turning a crank e and thereby a horizontal main
shaft or crank axle don. which is mounted a toothed pinion gas well as a crank f
for operating the bellows.
By the said crank fand a pair of connecting rods d the necessary wind is caused
. to pass from a pair of bellows L and L. (see fig. 2) into a hermetically closed air
chamber W, W, communicating with the reserve bellows R which supply the wind
for producing the sounds.
The superfluous wind escapes through a valve u¹ of the reserve bellow R.
As clearly shown by fig. 5, the toothed pinion mounted on the driving axle d
transmits rotary motion from the latter to a parallel axle i which has its
bearings in a vertical base plate u and on which in addition to the tooth wheel h
gearing into the driving pinion is fixed a chain wheel k and pivoted a movable
base plate t.
On the said movable plate t are mounted two sets of change wheels 11 1³, n and n¹
pivoted on pins. By turning the whole movable base plate t on its axle i the
rotary motion is alternately transmitted by the wheels k, l, 12 and n¹; and wheels kc, l
and n to the rack pinion o. The said pinion o gears into the rack m of the pin
board a, and by its alternate gearing with two opposite sets of change wheels the
said pinion o propels the board a (which rests on rollers) alternately forward and
backward. For the purpose of causing the wheels n and n¹ to gear alternately and
automatically into the wheel and thereby automatically reversing the motion of
the pin board a, the fixed base plate u carries two levers r and r¹ pivoted on the
same pin fixed to said plate, one of the said levers r being connected with the inner
end and the other lever with the outer end of a spiral spring wound around the
pivotal pin holding the two levers and ri so that the latter tend to press against
a pin v secured to the base plate t. The lever is connected with a reversing
lever p¹ by a connecting rod 9' and the other spring lever ¹ is connected with a
second reversing lever 2 by another connecting rod q. The reversing levers p and p¹
are provided at the upper end with curved prolongations wand w¹ and are pivoted
on pins secured to the fixed plate u. On one of these pins is also pivoted a stop
lever shaving two recesses as well as a pointed arm reaching up to the same
height above the cover of the casing as the pins 6 of the keys b¹.
r
The levers & being pressed upward by a spring, the said recesses or open bearings
of 8 receive and hold alternately (according as the wheel nor the wheel n¹ is
thrown in gear with the rack pinion o) the rectangular head of the axle end of
the wheel 'n, thereby maintaining the wheel n or the wheel n¹, (whichever
gears into the wheel o) in its working position, (that is, in gear with the pinion o).
If now the pin board travels from the right to the left, the pins of the board a
representing the melody, press against the pins b so that the keys b¹ (guided by the
vertical tongues c¹ and by a perforated plate o¹ which is firmly connected with the
key board cas shown by figs 1 and 2,) are turned downward around the sharp edge of
the part E fixed in the frame c, or as shown by Figs 11, 12, 20 and 23, the keys 61
are turned around the axle E mounted in the frame c, and the respective valves v₁
are opened by means of vertical rods g whereupon the wind escaping from the air
chamber Wpasses through the corresponding tongues, reeds or pipes, and thus
produces the sounds forming part of the melody.

page_text: At the same time the pin board a depresses the horn w of the left reversing
lever p as shown by fig. 1, whereby the left hand spring lever is moved away
from the pin the spring connecting the two spring levers and 1 is expanded
and one of two projections a¹ or a², suitably placed on the pin board at the end of
each melody, depresses the stop lever s¹ whereby the rectangular axle head is
disengaged from the recess or open bearing in the stop lever 8¹.
At this moment the left hand spring lever pressing against the pin of the pivoted
base plate turns the latter so far around its axle that the square axle head of the
second change wheel falls into the second recess of the stop lever &¹ and that the
wheel 'n is thrown out of gear and the wheel ¹ into gear with the wheel o in
consequence of which the pin board a immediately begins its return travel. At
the same moment, however, as shown by Figs 1, 5 and 10, a small angle lever x¹ is
turned around its axle by a fork of the pivoted base plate t, and by means of
connecting rod m¹ the frame c is moved sideways for a distance equal to the
distance from centre to centre of the longitudinal rows of pins. This operation
repeats itself during the return travel of the board a which is therefore moved
automatically forward and backward. The keys ¹ being arranged in such manner
in the key board or frame c that during the forward and backward travel of the
pin board a the valves v¹ are opened by means of the vertical rods glowing to the
contact of the pins of the pin board a with the pins b of the keys, and consequently
the instrument plays without interruption as long as the driving axle d is kept in.
motion.
Figs 6 and 7 represent a similar mechanism for the backward and forward
motion of the playing board a, in which the wheels are placed parallel with the
board and situated on the cover of the casing. The rotary notion is in this
case imparted from a driving shaft by means of worm and worm wheel as
represented in Figs. 11 and 13 and as shown in fig. 6 by dotted lines, or the motion
is imparted by means of bevel wheels and an upright shaft to the axle i and
thereby to the wheel mounted fast on the same.
The axle i is mounted in the bearing 22, see Figs. 6 and 7, adjustable in slots o
of the plate S', and the wheels n aud o, which remain permanently in gear with
each other, are pivoted on two pins fixed to the plate S¹. The adjustment of the
bearing is caused by a two armed lever y pivoted on the axle of the wheel o and
which receives in its forked end the boss of the bearing 2, while the other end is
placed between the elastic levers 7 and r¹.
In this construction the levers and r¹ turn the lever y in the same manner as
they turn the plate t in the construction represented by Fig 5.
Owing to the turning of the lever y the bearing is adjusted in the curved slots o³
whereby the wheel g is alternately thrown in gear with the wheel o and with the
wheel n.
Owing to this alternate gearing of the wheel g into the wheel o and of the
wheel with the wheels n and o, the wheel o imparts forward and backward motion
to the board a provided with a rack.
Figs 8 and 9 represent the same construction in which, however, the wheels g
and n remain permanently in gear with each other. In fig 8 one end of the lever y
forms two forked branches which engage with pins or studs secured to the bear-
ings and shift the bearings (with the wheels g and n in the slots o), so that
the wheels g and n are alternately set in and out of gear with the wheel o.
In the arrangement represented by fig. 9 the bearings of the wheels g and n are
made fast to the lever owing to which the wheels g and are turned with the
lever y around the fulcrum of the latter and thus alternately brought in and out
of gear with the wheel o.
In the arrangement represented by Figs. 8 and 9, rotary motion is imparted to
the wheel g in the same manner as in the arrangement represented by Figs: 6 and 7,
and owing to the alternate gearing of the wheel g into the wheel o and of the
wheel n into the wheel o the playing board a- provided with m is moved forward.
and backward,

page_text: Figs. 11 to 16 represent a third mechanism, for operating the playing board a
forward and backward, applied to a musical instrument.
The mechanism chiefly comprises the wheel g fixed to the upper end of the
upright shaft d³ and a row of pins m arranged on the playing board a, the wheel g
gearing alternately from the right and the left side into this row of pins, as into
a toothed rack.
The lower end of the shaft d² is forked (see fig. 11) and engages with the pin r
passing through the centre of the worm-wheel B, whereby the shaft d² is coupled
with the worm-wheel B.
Perpendicularly above the centre of the worm-wheel B is situated the row of
pins m, so that during the travel of the wheel g along the right and left side of
the row of pins m, the shaft d² is caused to incline alternately somewhat to the
right and to the left, as shown by Fig. 13. To permit of this lateral inclination,
the shaft d² passes through an oval aperture of the plate S¹, see Figs 12 and 16.
The exchangeable playing board a, is guided by the rail I and is maintained in
its path, between rollers z, by means of a strap x.
The length of the row of pins m arranged on the playing board a corresponds
to the melody.
Simultaneously with the transfer of wheel-g from one side of the row of pins m
to the other side, at the end of the forward or backward travel of the board a, the
shaft (, by its lateral motion, operates the lever ¹ pivoted on the bearing A.
One end of the lever ¹ is forked to receive the shaft d², while the other end is
connected by means of the rod m¹ with the frame c holding the keys, so that when
the shaft operates the lever ¹ the frame c is moved side ways for a distance
equal to half the distance separating the pins b, in consequence of which different
rows of pins (representing another melody) are brought into contact with the
pins of the keys b' so that during the return travel of the board a different
melodies may be played than during the forward motion of the same.
For the purpose of obtaining the automatic forward and backward motion of
the board a, the shaft & with worm F is set in rotation by means of the crank e
or by any other suitable means, and the rotary motion is transmitted by means
of the worm wheel B to the shaft d² and wheel g, whereby the wheel g which is
mounted on the shaft ², alternately gears on the two sides of the row of pins m
and travels along the same, in consequence of which the playing board a is so long
moved automatically forward and backward until the rotary motion of the worm
wheel shaft & ceases.
Figs. 17 and 18 represent another mechanism for causing the board a to travel
automatically forward and backward.
In this mechanism the wheel g is arranged between two rows of pins m, and
made to gear into one of them, that is to say at the termination of the forward or
backward travel of the board a the wheel g is disengaged from one of the rows of
pins m and thrown in gear with the other row, so that owing to the rotary
motion imparted to the wheel g the latter alternately travels along the inner side
of one of the rows of pins m thereby causing the board a to travel forward and
backward.
Fig. 19 represents a playing board which instead of having. pins is provided
with recesses or slots serving to reproduce the melody. When this playing board
is used, the valves v₁ are opened by springs instead of being closed by the same,
and they are closed by means of the board which slides on the pins b of the
keys b¹.
The melody is in this case reproduced owing to the key pins b engaging into
the recesses of the music board a.
Lastly, Figs 20 to 20 represent a fourth kind of construction by which the
music-sheet a moves automatically and alternately backwards and forwards, and,
at the end of each movement, brings other rows of notes into contact with the
key-pins.

page_text: It comprises one or more toothed wheels o which catch the apertures g¹ specially
made in the music-sheet, and serves to impart motion to the same-an internally
toothed wheel 8, toothed pinions and adapted to gear automatically and
alternately with the toothed wheels, whereby the same is moved first to the right
and then to the left-and a mechanism effecting the timely advance of the key-
frame c.
The toothed-wheels o are fixed to the axle d¹ which is bedded at c³, and the
wheels is firmly connected with one of the small wheels o.
The small wheels and h are fixed on the axle i, which is bedded in the bearing
plate r.
The axle d is, moreover, bedded on, the plater which is moveable on the plate u,
the latter being connected with the casing; and the axle of small change wheel 7,
and the pin v are also secured to the same.
The pin works in the sloping slot ¹ of the bar q which is connected with the
bolt m and is also moveable on the plate u.
The bolt m works in the serrated slots of the bars wand w¹ which are connected
with the bellows-act by means of the spiral spring y pressing against the rod 8¹
lying in the casing cover at 12, and so lift this bar towards the music-sheet.
The music-sheet can be changed, and is placed on the organ over the keys b in
such a manner that the teeth of the wheels o seize the music-sheets through the
apertures g¹.
By means of the strap x which is provided with ribs z, the music-sheet is pressed
against the keys b, and the keys moved downwards; the rods t close the valves v¹,
thus preventing the music sheets being raised by the teeth of the wheels o.
In order to play on the said organ, the excentrics f and f¹ are made to rotate by
means of the handle e, and, by the connection of the same with the bellows, the
air required to produce the notes is conveyed through the passage c into the
spare bellows K, and thence through the apertures o into the body of the organ.
At the same time the small wheel 12 receives rotary motion from the excentric
by means of the axle d, the gearing g and the small wheel h, and with it the
change wheel l.
l
By the small wheels 1ª or gearing with the internally toothed-wheel, the rotary
motion is communicated to the latter and to the wheels o, which draw the music-
sheet over the keys b. As the music-sheet glides over the keys, the latter spring
into the apertures, made in suitable places of the music-sheet, and thus, open the
valves to produce the notes.
When playing these organs, as shown in Figs 1 and 4, the music-sheet glides on
the shoulder of the rod s¹; and, to change the direction, a piece a' is cut out at one
end of the music-sheet, at the other end of which there is a projection a². so that
when the aperture a comes over the rod s¹, the latter jumps slightly over the
music-sheet, and when the projection a² reaches the rod s¹ the latter is completely
pressed under the music-sheet.
The rods wand w³ moved by the stroke of the excentrics follow the up and down
movement of the rod 8'; on the downward motion of the rod s¹ they push the
bolt m from right to left with the upper tooth, and when the bar s¹ ascends they
push the bolt m from left to right with the lower tooth.
The bar q is moved alternately right and left with the bolt m, and the pin v
running in the sloping slot ¹ up and down with the plate r; thus the small
wheels and are brought alternately into gear with the internally toothed wheel,
and the music-sheet glides alternately to the right and left on the organ under the
strap.
The double lever p catches with its long end a slit in the bar q, and, by the
motion of q on each change of direction of its shorter arm, which is connected by
the bark with the key-frame c, it effects the forward movement of the latter, so .
that, whenever the music-sheets change their direction, fresh rows of notes come
in contact with the keys b.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In mechanical musical instruments; a row of keys b¹ held in a movable
frame c and adapted to act both during the forward and during the return motion
of the playing board, substantially as described, and illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3; 11;
12, 13; 20, 21, 22 and 23.
2. In mechanical musical instruments; the mechanism for automatically moving
the playing board a forward and backward, consisting of projections a¹; and a³ and
rack m on the playing board, pinion o mounted on the plate u, axle i with wheels h
and mounted on plate u, plate t pivoted on axle i with the change-wheels l¹, l², n, n¹,
reversing lever 8', combined with a spring, levers 7 and 1 secured to a spring,
connecting rods 9 and q¹ and levers 'p and p¹ provided with horns w and w¹,
substantially as described and shown by Figs. 1, 3 and 5.
3. In mechanical musical instruments: the mechanism for automatically shifting
sideways the frame c with the keys b¹; at the end of every travel of the pin board a,
which consists in the combination of the fork fixed to the plate t, the angle-lever ¹
and the rod m³ connected with the rod c, substantially as described and illustrated
by Figs. 1, 2 and 5.
4. In musical instruments:
a) the mechanism for automatically moving the playing board a forward and
backward, which consists of axle i mounted on the plate 2 and adapted to share
the motion of the same, pinion mounted on axle i, pinions n and o adapted to
turn on fixed axles, toothed rack on the playing board a, and pivoted lever y,
holding in its forked end the bearing 2³, the said lever y being adapted to be
turned on its pivot by means of spring levers r, 21, connecting rods q q¹, and
reversing levers P, p provided with horns w and w¹, substantially as described and
illustrated by Figs. 6 and 7.
b) the mechanism consisting of axle i mounted on plate and adapted to share
the motion of the same, the pinion g mounted on the axle i, the pinion n adapted
to turn with the plate 22, the pinion o adapted to turn on a fixed axle, the toothed
rack on the playing board a, and the forked lever y adapted to hold the pins of the
plates, substantially-as described and illustrated by Figs 6 and 8.
c) the mechanism consisting of axle i mounted on plate t, and carrying a
pinion g, pinion u, adapted to turn on a bolt fixed to plate t¹, pinion o pivoted on a
fixed axle, the rack on the playing board a and the pivoted lever y connected with
plate t, substantially as described and illustrated by Figs. 6 and 9.
5. In mechanical musical instruments:
a) The mechanism for producing the automatic to and fro motion of the playing
board a, which consists in a row of pins m and a pinion g adapted to gear into the
row of pins m alternately from the right and from the left side, substantially as
described and illustrated by Figs. 11 to 16.
b) the combination of two rows of pins m, with the pinion g, adapted to gear
alternately into the two rows from the inner side of the same, substantially as
described, and illustrated by Figs 17 and 18.
6. In mechanical musical instruments:
The mechanism for automatically shifting sideways the key-frame c at the end
of each travel, which consists in the combination of the lever with the shaft a*
and the rod m³, substantially as described and illustrated by Figs 11 and 13.
7. In mechanical musical instruments, playing boards provided with slots or
perforations representing the melody to be played, substantially as described and
illustrated by-Fig. 19.
8. The mechanism by which a music-sheet a of any length is automatically
moved backwards and forwards in the casing and caused to press on the keys b-
and by which at the same time the keys are brought into contact with other
rows of notes on each change of direction by the forward movement of the key-

page_text: frame c; such mechanism consisting in the aperture a¹ and the catch a² of the
music-sheet a-the rod 8, the serrated slot of the bars w, w moving along its axle,
the sliding barq with the bolt m, the sloping slot x¹, the axles d and i, movably
connected with the plater and pin v, and also the small wheels g h 1 and 7, the
toothed crown-wheels and the carrying wheels o.
9. The arrangement of the apertures g¹ in the music-sheets, for catching the
teeth of the wheels o, and thus imparting motion to the music sheets..
H. J. HADDAN.
By Herbert & Co.,
Agents, 67, Strand.