Improvements in Anchors.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 10th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 10th Feb., 1894
Improvements in Anchors.
I ANDREW WAIT of 60 Coburg Street Gateshead-on-Tyne in the County of
Durham, Blacksmith and Foreman Blacksmith to Messrs. John Abbot & Co. Ld.
of Park Works Gateshead on Tyne do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in anchors known as stockless
anchors and consists of forming the anchor without the aid of loose bolts pins, straps,
keys, washers, and steel castings simple in construction effective in its purpose.
The working parts to be so protected from mud and stones that the anchor cannot
choke or get put out of order.
My object being to have an anchor known as a stockless anchor made entirely of
wrought iron or wrought steel dispensing with loose pins, straps, keys, washers and
steel castings, made from the forge and smiths fire, and by having all its working
parts protected will trip with the greatest freedom, and when in holding position to
have four armis holding together and all working with the utmost security.
The anchor is made in four parts i.e. (1) the shank, (2) the anchor head or
cross (3) two tripping arms.
1st. The shank is forged in wrought iron or steel and in the usual form with a
specially prepared eye at one end and an ordinary eye for shackle at the other the
whole being forged in one solid piece.
2nd. The anchor head or cross is also forged in wrought iron or steel the central
part that works in the specially shaped eye of the shank is round on the back and
bevelled to a point at the front in the form of an obtuse angle and the two tripping
arms, one on each side of the shank, are fixed on this shaped part which is made of
sufficient length to allow for welding, or contracting on, the main arms (each
having a wide "palm" or "fluke") at right angles to the head; or one end of the
anchor head or cross may have one arm, with the "palm" or "fluke," forged and
finished, the other arm being welded on after the shaped part has been passed
through the eyes of the tripping arms and the eye of the shank the ends being
already bent or afterwards bent to the required shape the outer ends of the head or
cross in either case forming projecting elbows to prevent the anchor rolling when
reaching the ground.
3rd. The two tripping arms are forged in wrought iron or steel, the outside
being specially prepared to suit tripping and holding, the hole in the centre being
made the same section as special part of anchor head, and are fixed by means of
recessing or countersinking them on the outside the extra length of special part of
anchor head being forced into this recess or countersunk when the whole are held
securely together. These arms answer a threefold purpuse :-
1. They secure the anchor shank in its position on anchor head.
2. They serve for tripping the anchor.
3. When the anchor is in a holding position they serve as additional holding arms.
The special features of this invention are threefold.
1. All loose bolts, pins, cotters, washers, plates, keys, and steel castings are
dispensed with.
2. The working parts are so protected that mud stones and other material cannot
choke the anchor while tripping.

page_text: 3. The head and arms are so constructed that the whole weight of anchor arms
and head are always in favor of the anchor tripping freely by the preponderating
weight of holding arms or flukes.
Dahi 11th - SM 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Anchors.
1, ANDREW WAIT, 60 Coburg Street, Gateshead-on-Tyne, County Durham,
Blacksmith (and Foreman Blacksmith to Messrs. John Abbot & Co. Ltd., Park
Works,) Gateshead-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
"
This invention relates to certain improvements in anchors known as "stockless
anchors and consists of forming the anchor without the aid of loose bolts, pins,
straps, keys, washers, and steel castings, simple in construction, effective in its
purpose. The working parts to be so protected from mud and stones that the
anchor cannot choke or get put out of order.
My object being :-
To have an anchor known as a "stockless" anchor made entirely of wrought iron
or wrought steel, dispensing with loose pins, straps, keys, washers, and steel
castings, made from the forge and smith's fire, and by having all its working parts
protected will trip with the greatest freedom, and when in a holding position to
have four arms holding together, and all working with the utmost security.
The anchor is made in four parts, i.e.
1 The chanl
1st. The shank is forged in wrought iron or wrought steel, and in the usual form,
with a specially prepared eye at one end, and an ordinary eye for shackle at the
other, the whole being forged in one solid piece.
"
"
2nd. The anchor "head" or 6
cross is also forged in wrought iron or steel the
central part that works in the specially shaped eye of the shank is round on the back
and bevilled to a point at the front, in the form of an obtuse angle, and the two
tripping arms, one on each side of the shank, are fixed on this shaped part which is
made of sufficient length to allow for welding, or contracting on, the main arms
(each having a wide "palm or "fluke") at right angles to the head; or one end
of the anchor head or cross may have one arm, with the "palm" or "fluke" forged
and finished, the other arm being welded on, after the shaped part has been passed
through the eyes of the "tripping" arms and the eye of the shank, the ends being
already bent or afterwards bent to the required shape, the outer ends of the "head
or cross," in either case forming projecting elbows to prevent the anchor rolling
when reaching the ground.
66
3rd. The two "tripping" arms are forged in wrought iron or steel, the outside
being specially prepared to suit tripping and holding, the hole in the centre being
made the same section as special part of anchor "head," and are fixed by means of
recessing or countersinking them on the outside, the extra length of special part of
anchor "head" being forced into this recess or countersink when the whole are
held securely together.
These arms answer a threefold purpose.
1. They secure the anchor shank in its position on anchor head.

page_text: 2. Iney serve for
tripping де аиспor.
3. When the anchor is in a bolding position they serve as additional holding
arms.
The special features of this invention are threefold.
1. All loose bolts, pius, cotters, washers, plates, keys, and steel castings are
dispensed with.
2. The working parts are so protected that mud, stones, and other material
cannot choke the anchor while tripping.
3. The "head" and arms are so constructed that the whole weight of anchor
arms and head are always in favour of the anchor "tripping" freely by the
preponderating weight of holding arms or flukes.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
On the accompanying drawings I illustrate my invention in two forms. Referring
to Sheet 1-
Figs. 1 and 2 shew a plan and side view of the anchor with the "head" having
the main arms and "palms" welded on to the central shaped part after it has been
passed through the eye of the shank and through the "tripping" arms.
Figs. 3 and 4 shew the specially shaped eye in shank to receive the central part
of the anchor "head" which is shewn on Fig. 4, projecting at one end, upon which
one of the main arms and "palms " is already forged the other end being "scarphed"
(see Figs. 4 & 44) upon which the other arm with " palm "is to be welded.
Figs. 5 and 5 are two views of one of the "tripping" arms.
Referring to Sheet 2, Figs. 1 and 2 shew a plan and side view of the anchor
having the main arms and "palms" contracted at right angles on to the head, the
shaped part of which is continued to receive the similarly shaped eyes formed in
the main arms through which the ends of the straight head project to form elbows
to act as a "stock" and steady the anchor when taking hold of the ground.
Figs. 3 and 4 shew the eye of shank with part of the straight head inserted as
on Sheet 1, and Figs. 5 and 5 two views of a "tripping" arm.
Fig. 6 shews a side view of one of the main arms the eye of which is shaped to
be contracted on to the corresponding end of the straight "head" as shewn in
position on Figs. 1 and 2, and Figs. 5 and 5ª as before two views of a "tripping'
arm.
The same letters refer to corresponding parts on all the figs.
"
"
Sheet 1., Figs. 1 and 2, A is the anchor shank with the shaped eye B at one end
and shackle eye C at the opposite end. D is the anchor "head" with projecting
elbows and with the "palms "E forming one solid forging, the centre portion of the
"head" being formed as shewn in section on Fig. 3 to work in the specially shaped
eye B of the shank and forming a stop for the main arms in either direction when
they reach the proper angle as in Fig. 2. F F¹ are the two forged "tripping
arms which fit upon the shaped portion of the "head" on each side of the eye of the
shank and work with the "head" being secured thereon by countersunk recesses G
(Figs. 5 and 54) into which the ends of the shaped part of the "head" being set
up or "fullered" into the recesses. These arms act not only to fix the shank in
position on the "head" and to "trip" the main arms to the proper angle but the
points penetrate the ground and give additional holding power to the main palms
(see Fig. 2).
"
The anchor in this form may have the main arm and its "palm" on one side
forged and bent complete and the shaped centre part of the head inserted through
the shaped eye of the shank and through the two "tripping" arms projecting at
the other side and being "scarphed" the other main arm and "palm being
afterwards to be welded on (see Figs. 4 and 4^) and thus very wide "palms" are
obtained having great holding power.
Referring to Sheet 2, Figs. 1 and 2 shew the anchor in another form the
"palms "E being contracted on the ends of the "head" D which is straight, the

page_text: 66
shaped portion extending to receive correspondingly shaped eyes in the "palms."
(see Fig. 6) the "head" projecting beyond at each end forming elbows, the
tripping" arms F F' being secured on the "head" as previously described and
the eyes of the "palms," being heated, are slipped over the ends of the "head" on
which they contract and are further secured endwise by the outer ends of the
"head" being set up or "fullered" into recesses as indicated on Fig. 1.
The anchor in either form consists of four solid forgings, viz. :-The shauk, the
"head" with main arms and palms" forged in one, or the "palms" contracted on
to the "head," forming practically one piece, and the two "tripping" arms, without
any loose pins, straps, keys, bolts, or washers, and is specially adapted to be forged
of iron or steel avoiding the use of steel castings. As will be seen by reference to
Figs. 1 and 2 (Sheets 1 and 2) there is no possibility of the "tripping
being choked by mud or stones and the "palms" are certain to be "tripped" to
the proper angle.
" arms
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
"
1st. The improvement in anchors consisting in forming in the eye of the shank
an aperture to receive the anchor "head" of such a shape that the centre portion
of the "head," being correspondingly shaped, a firm stop is provided for the
"palms" when they are "tripped" to the proper angle by the "tripping" arms
which are secured on the shaped part of the "head on each side of the shank
and turn with the "palms" substantially as described and shewn on Sheets 1 and 2.
2nd. In anchors having the eye of shank and the anchor "head" and "tripping
pieces so formed making the shank, "head" with projecting elbows and wide
palms," and " tripping arms, comprising four separate pieces forming the
complete anchor, each a solid forging of iron or steel without any steel casting and
without loose bolts, straps, keys, or pins; said shank, "head," and "tripping
pieces being of such shape as to be readily forged and put together substantially as
described and shewn on Sheet 1.
66
23
"
3rd. The modified form of such improved anchors consisting in prolonging the
shaped "head" on each side of the shank to receive on the ends "palms" with
large holding area at right angles to the head, having an eye formed to fit the
shaped "head"
contracted thereon and secured endwise the ends of the head
projecting to form elbows, the shank, head-with "palms" contracted on-and the
"tripping" pieces forming the complete anchor practically of four pieces sub-
stantially as described and shewn on Sheet 2.
Dated this 10th day of January 1804