Employed therein, also Applicable for irrigation.
Year: 1888

page_text: Employed therein, also Applicable for irrigation.
WC, ISAAC SHONE and EDWIN AULT, both of Great George Street Chambers,
Parliament Square, London, in the County of Middlesex, Civil and Mining Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In this Specification is described an improved system of sewerage and means and
apparatus to be employed therein, for the removal of fluids, solids and other matter
from water closets, privies and their conduits, sinks, subsoil, house and other drains
generally, and also applicable to the removal and service of sowage from farms
through and over land, and to the removal of refuse matters and liquids generally
from chemical and other works and for irrigation purposes; and has for its object
(amongst others) the surmounting of physical difficulties attendant upon the flat or
undulating configurations of towns, villages, districts or farms required to be dealt
with and the irregular lines, inclinations or levels of conduits caused in many cases
by the subsidence of some light and wet soils, and by prompt removal, to render
practically impossible those accumulations of solid matter which the gravitating
systems of sewerage per se (however perfect) have hitherto too frequently promoted.
The principle involved under this Invention may be said to be the application
substantially in the manner described of pneumatic pressure obtained by the
compression of natural fresh atmospheric air, or other gases as a motor for emptying
liquid to a natural outfall or other desired destination under pressure, or into a main
gravitating sewer, or drain, but no claim is made to the application of the natural
pressure of atmospheric air applied to the vacuum system or the system known as
the Liernur system.
In the working of the system the subject of this Invention, the sewage or other
refuso matter, or liquid, may be driven through pipes of a comparatively small
diameter ensuring a perfect scour, and allowing little, or no chamber or space for
the generation of foul and noxious gases; or in other words the sewage may be
driven through sealed pipes of a comparatively small diameter so rapidly as to
practically prevent the generation of foul or noxious gases therein and also to prevent
any gases that may be generated from passing into the streets or houses.

page_text: The beforegoing being the nature, object and purposes of this Invention we will
now proceed to illustrate how the system according to this Invention may be
practically applied and to describo a means, forms and arrangements of apparatus
suitable for being employed in carrying this Invention into practice, and for that
purpose we have hereunto attached 11 sheets of drawings illustrative thereof which
make a part of this Specification, and are marked with letters and figures of reference
corresponding with those in the following explanation, like letters and figures being
used to denote the same, or corresponding parts throughout the various views
and figures.
plan showing the system of sewerage consisting of
automatic hydraulic discharging collectors, drain gulleys and pneumatic ejector
according to this Invention.
t
In this Figuro m are hydraulic house sewage syphon ejectors set in the yards of the
block of houses as shown, and m² are tributary drains into which the house sewage
flows. M is an automatic hydraulic flushing tank for flushing the drain m², applicable
also to flush other drains. A is the pneumatic ejector station, c is a collecting
manhole tank or receptacle. The station A is provided with a pneumatic ejector a
and is supplied with sewage from the collecting tank e by a supply pipe. c c¹ c'e' are
gravitating sewers which discharge into and feed the receptacle c. Bis a sealed main
from the ejector to the outfall. E¹ is the compressed air main for conveying the
compressed air from the air compressing engine to the ejector a.
'
Figure 2 is a detail of a house sewage hydraulic ejector and accessory drains traps
and pipes according to this Invention.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation and Figure 4 is a plan of the automatic drain
hydraulic flush tank according to tbis Invention.
Figure 5 is an elevation and Figure 6 is a plan in detail of a compressed air ejector
station A above mentioned in which c is the collecting tank or receptacle, and a is.
the ejector.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of the compressed air automatic ejector a with its
valvular apparatus attached to the cover.
Figure 8 is a front elevation partly in section. Figure 9 is a sectional side elevation,
Figure 10 is a plan, and Figure 11 is a side elevation of the compressed air automatic
valvular mechanism shewn at Figure 7.
Figures 12 and 13 are respectively elevation and plan in section of an example of
a general arrangement of an ejector station suitable for application near the sea shore,
or a sea wall.
Figure 14 is an end section of Figure 12.
In Figure 1 is shewn an example of the application of the system according to our
Invention to blocks of houses of a town. are streets, back streets and ² back
yards of the houses, m are the hydraulic house sewage ejectors which eject their
contents when full down pipes n' into the tributary drains m² which gravitate towards
and into the manhole collector receptacle D through which the street gravitating
sewers c¹ pass. The sewage then gravitates down these latter sewers to the collecting
receptacles c of the ejector station A from whence it flows into the ejector a and when
full it is ejected into the scaled main sewers B to the outfall. The tributary drains
are periodically flushed by the hydraulic automatic flushing tank M suitably positioned
in the back street .x¹.
: With reference to Figure 2 this apparatus consists of a tank m for the reception of
all domestic waste liquids. The discharges from the water closet pass direct through
the soil pipe m' into the tank m. From the bottom of the tank m a pipe n is led,
which is bent upwards into a syphon, the long leg being connected with the house
drain or sewer n', a funnel pipe o is inserted in the top of the tank m, the lower end
reaching nearly to the bottom of the tank m. In the funnel pipe o is fixed a tumbling
basin, fed by a small stream direct from the water service pipe o' or by lavatory, or

page_text: bath wastes. A ventilating pipe m² is provided so as to break the connection-as
far as sewer air is concerned-between the sewer and the flush-tank m on the
one hand and the house and the flush-tank on the other. The tank m being
filled with house sewage through the soil pipe m³, the water supply or lavatory
wastes, continue to flow into the tumbling basin in the pipe o and when the latter
is filled it suddenly cants over and discharges its contents into the funnel pipe o
(entering the tank m). The effect of this action is to start the syphon n into operation
by filling its upper bend. The syphon a continues in action until the tank m is
emptied when the entrance of air into the short leg stops its working. The flush
tank m acts also as a perfect trap between the house and the drain or sewer n¹ in
connection with house drainage as will be apparent by reference to Figure 2. The
adoption of the hydraulic house sewage ejector in connection with house drainage
confers advantages that cannot be over estimated inasmuch as it utilizes the sewage
proper of the house as a means of cleansing and keeping clean the pipe leading to the
street sewers. Without some such means the house sewage with all the organic solids
contained therein passes almost constantly down the branch sewer in an attenuated
stream, and decomposing gives off those noxious sewer gases which are so dangerous
to health. These deposited solids in some cases temporarily accumulate so as to block
up the sewer until the head of liquid behind is of sufficient height to force a passage
through; in other cases the solids accumulate to such an extent as to permanently
block the sewer and render it utterly useless and highly dangerous. But by means of
the ejector tank m the house sewage is discharged into the branch sewer in compact
volumes, and the sewage with its solid ingredients, thereby flows rapidly away and
effectually prevents any accumulation of solid matter in the pipe. The tank m is so
constructed that all its contents are cleared out with each discharge, without allowing
any sediment to remain. It is thus self cleansing in itself as well as a means of
cleansing the sewer or drain n¹.
:
In reference to Figures 3 and 4 this automatic hydraulic flush tank apparatus
consists of a simple tank M provided with a syphon pipo n the action of which is
perfectly automatic. The tank, which is of the same type as the tank m shown at
Figure 2, may be fed as shown in the drawings by water under pressure through the
pipe m', the supply of water being controlled by the stop valve m³ for example, so
that the supply shall be 1,000 gallons in 24 hours. To work the tumbling basin o
which is pivoted in the funnel shaped pipo o there is provided a pipe os which is
connected to the supply pipe m¹ and is provided with a float ball valve in the
tank M. When the tank M is filled to the level shewn in dotted lines, the water has
risen in the pipe o* (which is a continuation of the funnel pipo o and also in the short leg
of the syphon n to the same level, and when this height is attained the ball cock r
opens and opens a communication between the main supply pipe m¹ and the tumbling
basin o through the pipe o³, and the basin o' fills with water. At the foot of the
pipe o there is a valve n³ which whilst the basin o² is filling, is closed as shown in
the drawing. Directly the basin o³ is full it topples over and its sudden discharge
starts the action of the syphon n and thus discharges the contents of the hydraulic
flushing tank M. By regulating the supply to the tank M through the stop valve m³
the tank will discharge only when required and the action of the float ball cock "
necessitates the working of the tumbling basin o² once only to each discharge of the
tank M. These tanks M are placed in the sewerage system in manner as shown at
Figure 1 and used for automatically flushing the drains m³.
In Figures 5 and 6 there is shewn in detail a pneumatic sewage ejector station A
and vessel a which is set at the bottom of a containing vessel A'. The pneumatic
vessel a is provided with an air-tight cover al and with an inlet pipe b provided with
a sluice valve b' and a non-return inlet valve b. The inlet pipe b is connected to the
manhole c into which the gravitating sewers c¹ c¹ c' c¹ feed; a grating c³ is provided.
between the pipe b and the manholo collecting receptacle_c. The vessel a is also
provided with a discharge pipe d having a non-return outlet valve d¹ and a sluice
valve d. The discharge pipe d is carried up through the vessel A' and joins the
main sewage pipe B. At the top of the vessel A' there is provided an air inlet and

page_text: escape valve E supplied with compressed air from an air compressing engine through
the air main pipe E. The air valve E is a piston valve and is shewn in detail at
Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11. It is worked by the lever e and rod e by means of the
slide valve k. The rod e¹ passes down the vessel A' and through a stuffing box in the
covor a¹ into the ejector vessel a. Inside the vessel a the rod e¹ is provided with a
cup float and a bell float e³ operating as hereafter described to work the valve E.
The valve E. is connected to the ejector vessel a by an air inlet and outlet pipo and
is also provided with an exhaust or air pipe g leading to the manhole c.
The air valve mechanism E is illustrated in Figure 8 in front elevation partly in
section, in Figure 9 in sectional side elevation, in Figure 10 in plan and in Figure 11
in side elevation.
The valve E serves for the inlet of compressed air to the ejector a and for the
exhaust of such air from the ejector a. It is placed between the air main E¹ and the
ojector a. It is a cylindrical plug valve, its valve box having three ways-ono
way opening to the ejector, one way E' opening to the compressed air main and the
other way opening to the exhaust. The valve plug h is of cylindrical form closed
at both ends, and is provided with ports to open communication between the
compressed air main E¹ and to the ejector through the way f, or to open communi-
cation between the way and the exhaust g so that when the valve plug h is in one
position compressed air will pass from the main E¹ to the ejector a and when the
valve is in the other position (as shewn in Figure 8) the communication to the
compressed air main E¹ is closed and the air exhausts from the ejector through
the plug h to the exhaust pipe g. The pipe is enlarged at its head to carry the
valve E and is provided with a grid across its mouth. The plug h is kept up
to its seat in the valve box by a cover E³ fastened to the valve box by studs E
provided with springs E' and the cover E³ is also provided with a chamber E which
is connected by a pipe E' to the air supply main E' so that compressed air entering
this chamber E relieves the back pressure on the valve plug h. The air main E'
is provided with a non-return valve E. The valve plug his worked by a lever et
one end of which is connected to the plug h and the other end is connected to the
piston rod of a duplex piston 7 which works in a duplex actuating cylinder (³
fixed horizontally and bolted to the side of the pipe f. This duplex piston is
operated by compressed air admitted alternately into the ends of the cylinder / by
means of a duplex cylindrical piston valve which is operated by a bell crank
levere worked by the float rod el of the ejector a, the lever e being provided with a
weight to balance the ejector float rod e¹. The pistons kl of the duplex piston
valve are of hollow construction. These hollow pistons work in the valve
cylinder . which is open at each end. An air inlet duct ² connected by the pipe k
to the compressed air main and having ports ³ opening into the cylinder & and into
1.3
the hollow duplex piston is provided, the valve cylinder being also provided
with ports leading to the ends of the air valve actuating cylinder 12. The valve
cylinder k is made in halves which are kept together by studs k provided with springs k².
The operation of this valve mechanism is as follows-
When the ejector a is charged with liquid, the rising of the float rod e causes
the bell crank lever e to work the duplex piston valve which admits compressed
air into one end of the actuating cylinder 1, thus causing its piston to make a
stroke and thereby by means of the lever move the air valve plug and so
open communication between the compressed air main El and the pipe leading to the
ejector a, thus allowing the compressed air to enter the ejector and discharge it.
After the discharge is completed the falling of the float rod e¹ works the piston
valve of the actuating cylinder 12 in the opposite direction opening the exhaust
and admitting compressed air to the other end of the actuating cylinder 2 which
gives the return stroke and thus moves the air valve plug h and shuts off the com-
munication to the main E' and opens communication between the ejector air pipe f
and its exhaust g thereby allowing the escape of air from and the re-charging of
the ejector a.
In Figure 7 there is shown a spherical ejector a provided with admission and

page_text: delivery valves and ducts substantially as set forth previously with reference to
Figures 5 and 6. In this caso the automatic compressed air valve is positioned on
and attached to the top of the ejector as shown.
With reference to Figures 12, 13, and 14 there is illustrated an ejector station
particularly suitable as an outfall station for application near the sea shore, or sea or
river wall. It will be observed in this arrangement two ejectors are employed at
different levels. The one at the higher level is employed for ejecting the higher
level sewage, and the lower one is employed to raiso and eject the low level sewago
and sludge in the reservoirs H and H' which is then treated by the high level
ejector, or it may be ejected through the pipe d³ to the surface for any desirable
purpose. These reservoirs, or collecting receptacles are divided by the partition
wall H. H is an arched cover forming a roof to the reservoirs. The high level
ejector is supplied with sewage through perforated intake mouths 63 attached to the
end of the supply pipes b. These supply pipes at their intake ends are made to riso
near the surface of the sewage by means of floats I, which keep the roses, or intakes
just below the level of the sewage. The pipe b is provided with a packed working
joint I to allow of the required motion. It will be seen that the ejectors a are
enclosed in casings A'. The low level ejector is fed by the pipe b from the low level
sewer K and the sludge from the reservoirs is also raised by this ejector by the
pipes L the sludge being collected in the sludge holes L'. The pipes L are provided
with sluice valves L2 and the delivery pipes d are also provided with sluice valves d³
so that the intake and delivery of the sewage may be governed and worked as desired.
The delivery pipe d of the high level ejector is led through the wall of the reservoir
into the outfall 'O which is positioned behind the sea, or river wall P.
Having now described and ascertained the nature, object and purpose of this
Invention, and shown the system, mode or manner in, or under which the same is,
or may be used, or carried out into practical effect, we declare that what we claim
as our Invention is :-
1. The improved system of sewerage substantially herein described consisting
essentially of collecting house and like sewage in syphonic automatically flushing
receptacles, such as described conveying and collecting such sewage substantially as
described and ejecting, or forcing such sewage by compressed air into a sealed duct
or sewer or any mere modification thereof.
2. The system above defined by claim 1 combined with syphonic automatically
operating flush tanks M substantially as used for the purposes set forth.
3. The improved means of treating, or operating upon sewage, drainage and
irrigation liquids as hereinbefore described being the direct application of compressed
air or gas as a propelling agent in combination with a syphon system such as shown
and set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings for collecting and
automatically propelling a body, or bodies of sewago or other refuse matter, or liquid
collected in reservoirs, tanks or conduits and which may be used as an independent
system, or in combination with and as an adjunct to existing systems.
4. The use substantially as herein described for the purposes specified of receptacles
constructed and operating as described and indicated by the letter a with reference
to Figures 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, and 14 of the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this Ninth day of March 1888.