Improvements in or relating to Ranges or Stoves for Cooking.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 7th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 15th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Ranges or Stoves for Cooking.
I. LAWSON TAIT of 195 Newhall Street. Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Fellow loyal College Surgeons do hereby declare the nature of my
said invention to be as follows: -
I will describe a range or stove constructed according to my invention having a
hot water apparatus and two ovens such being the more usual method of construction
although the range or stove may be modified so as to have only one oven.
oven doors are provided with the usual regulators.
The
One oven is on the right hand of the range and another oven is on the left hand
side thereof. The fireplace is situated between the ovens, and the firegrate is not.
in front as is usual but at the back part of the range.. The firegrate is steeply
sloped say at an angle of 30° to 450 with the horizontal, according to the kind
of fuel for which the range is especially adapted. In front of the firegrate is a
receptacle for fuel, this extends forwards and upwards, it is sloped at the same
angle as the firegrate of which the bottom of the receptacle forms a continuation
so that the fuel slides down the receptacle into the fire as the lower portion is
consumed in the fire. The receptacle is usually rectangular in cross-section and it
is large enough to contain a supply of fuel sufficient to last several hours. It is
provided with a feeding door at its upper or front end.
der the firegrate is a sifting grating upon which ashes and rinders fall as
combustion goes on or when the fire is cleaned. This sifting grating slopes down-
wards and forwards and the front of it rests on the movable ash pan in which is a
cross partition. This cross partition is just under the front edge of the sifting
grating. When the fire is cleaned the ashes fall through the sifting grating into
the back part of the ash pau while the cinders roll or'slide down the sloping sifting
grating into the front part of the ash pan.
The space in the centre of the range between the ovens and underneath the
fuel receptacle and above the ash pan is open for access of air to the underside of
the fire grate.
I provide an air pipe which passes through the hot products of combustion to
the lack of the range just above where the products of the combustion leave
the fire.
Air from the atmosphere in front of the range passes through this pipe and
is heated. it then mingles with the products of combustion just leaving the fire
and supplies the requisite additional quantity of air to consume the smoke at that
point.
This air pipe may be provided with an adjustable valve.
I provide a slider underneath the fire-grate for the purpose of cleaning the fire
and controlling the combustion, a handle rod attached to this slider is brought
to the front of the range underneath the fuel receptacle for actuating the
same.
At the back of the oven and where the products of combustion maintain the
greatest heat, I provide a boiler formed of a coil of pipe or metal box, this boiler
may extend not only at the back but also at the side of the oven remote from
the fire.
The course of the products of combustion is as follows:--On leaving the fire

page_text: they pass at the back of oven and amongst the coils of the boiler or over its box
they then pass up the side of oven and over its top. They then cross over the
closed in top of the fuel receptacle and over the top of oven on the other side of
the range. They then pass down by the side of oven (remote from the fire) and
at the back of that oven they then escape through a damper into the flue or
chimney.
In a range fitted with one oven only, which may be considered as oven in the
foregoing description, the products of combustion escape to the chimney after
having passed over the receptacle for the fuel.
The whole of the top of the range forms a hot plate in which may be provided
the usual holes for cooking utensils with lids for the same.
I make the top of the range preferably in four parts namely one over each oven,
one over the fuel receptacle, and the front central part which forms the fuel door.
Three of these parts I preferably hinge to the framing so that they may readily be
lifted up for cleaning. The fourth is hinged to that over the fuel receptacle so as
to close the latter airtight. When they are so lifted and the ash pan is also with-
drawn easy access for cleaning is provided to all the flues through which pass the
products of combustion.
The Hues are all so arranged that dust and sont falls or may be easily brushed
into a receptacle under each oven forming the plinth of the range or store. The
entrances to these receptacles are both automatically closed airtight by the ash
pan being properly placed.
The principal advantages of a range or stove constructed according to my
invention are the avoidance of loss of heat by radiation from the fire, the absence
of dust and the convenience of being able to feed in a large quantity of fuel at
once thereby diminishing the labour of stoking and mining the fire, and also
diminishing the amount and difficulty of cleaning out the flues.
The great economy of fuel by the completeness of combustion and the ease and
certainty of regulating the combustion. The special arrangement of fire draft will
compel this econoray on the part of the most careless attendant..
Although in the above specification I have described my invention in which
solid fuel is consumed. I do not limit myself to this, as with the said principle
but with certain modifications I may employ liquid fuel for heat producing.
Dated 21st July 1896
THOS,
KENDRICK.
New Eldon Chambers, 50 Cherry Street, Birmingham, Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Ranges or Stoves for Cooking.
I. LAWSON TATT. of 195 Newhall Street, Birmingham in the County of
Warwick, Fellow Royal College Surgeons, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
These improvements are directed towards the greater economy of fuel: the
reduction of town smoke from domestic fires by the more complete combustion of
the tuel: the reduction of heat in kitchens in the process of cooking: the
simplification of cooking ranges in the reduction of parts which may be broken or
last: the better regulation of the continuity of heat in the process of cooking, and
the diminution of labour in the processes of stoking, and cleansing of range; also
the better and more economical use of the refuse of combustion and the better
supply of hot water for domestic purposes.

page_text: Figure 1 of the annexed drawings is a front elevation of a double or two oven.
range constructed in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation.
WICH
Figure 8 is a sertional elevation of the single range.
Figure 9 is a plau.
Figure 10 is a sectional plan.
Figures 11 and 12 are transverse sections of the same.
As respects the several sectional views no definite plane of section is adhered to.
in each case the section is taken in the manner deemed best calculated to exhibit
the parts intelligibly.
various
Referring to Figures 1 to 6 the range here shown consists of an oblong case of
metal of a size to suit the requirements and divided as usual into
compartments with oven and boiler spaces, flues and ash and cinder pan.
The fire box A. is placed centrally and the range has an oven on each side of
the firebox marked Band L. A tubular coil boiler C is placed at the back of the
oven B with draw-off pipe D and tap E going to the front of the range. The
boiler is also connected with a circulating tank or cylinder and water supply.
is
The fire box is a columnar space extending in a sloping direction from before
backwards and downwards at an angle of about 300, closed in front by an
accurately fitting lid F and open at the far or lower end with a set of removable
fire bars G. On the lower surface of the fire bars a sliding damper plate
fixed, it is carried by grooves and is worked by a handle at the front of the range
with toothed stem so that the access of air can be completely shut off from the
fire or regulated as circumstances may require, the heat of the whole range being
governed by the air supply being admitted or shut off by this damper.
When the fire is lit on the fire bars G and well established the fire hox A is filled
with small coal, coke or other fuel and it is fed from the upper end as may be
required. The column of fuel burns at its lower or further end. Thus the reserve
fuel is not baked, and the valuable gases are not given off as deleterious smoke
before being utilised. Even such gas as may so he driven off is met as it issues
from the fire box by a hot air blast which is drawn through L pipe K passing
through the hot oven or the hot air pipe may he led through the fire box or flue as
shewn at V. In this way the gas is effectually and economically consumed.
After the range has been effectually started, if intelligently used, it may be
indefinitely continued in use without the production of more smoke than is just
visible at the outlet of the chimney. It is impossible for anyone to produce the
volume of smoke emitted by ordinary ranges when the fire is, as the term goes
made up."
A very great economy of coal by this means is efferted and the
reduction of smoke is most remarkable.
From the fire box A near its lower end the hot gases pass laterally into the
space containing the oven B and over the outlet of the hot air pipe K: they
immediately come in contact with the tubular boiler C. They then pass over the
back of the hot oven B, ascend its outer wall and pass over the top of the oven;
then by a passage M the gases are led over the top of the fire box where they get
to some extent reheated. They pass over the top of the cool oven L down its
outer wall, over its back wall, and then into the upright flue N and chimney.
The course of the hot gases as thus traced is also indicated by the arrows numbered
successively 1 to 10.
The top of the range consists of a hot plate P of large size and uninterrupted
surface with temperature at different parts varying for all the requirements of
cooking from rapid boiling at to that of merely keeping a pot warm at P.
Holes may be cut at R R for the insertion of sauce or other pans, but the range

page_text: will work better if such holes are not made. In the upright diaphragm at. X on
the top of the hot oven apertures may be cut under the holes R. I to increase the
effectiveness of this part of the hot plate.
The top plate is removable for purposes of cleaning by screws at the corners or
there may be studs conveniently placed on the castings. The lid F of the fire
box is hinged so that it cannot be removed or broken without unreasonable
violence.
The ovens are of ordinary or convenient size one is hot or for rapid cooking,
the other ised" for slower cooking or for keeping things hot.
From this method of combustion of the fuel lopte in this range the production
of soot is much diminished. The flues however are so arranged that when the top
of the range is removed all deposit of soot or dust on the outside of the oven walls
and on hoiler tubes can be easily brushed off and it falls into the soot hole in the
pediment of the range. These sont holes Y Y are closed by the ash pan S T.
When the ash pan is removed large holes % % right and left are exposed and
through these the soot can be brushed out.
The ash pan ST is an adlong box without cover divided into two compartments
by a transverse division. The compartment S immediately under the firebox is
for the dust, the front one T is for the cinders. The dust is separated from the
rinders by a grid which runs slantingly downwards and forwards from the far
end of the bars of the firebox to the division of the nahpan.
The einders may be used over again with advantage mixed with the enal ar
other fuel. The fire ashes will be found to be valuable garden manure or the very
best material to use for an earth closet.
The single range shown by Figures 7 to 12 is substantially the double range
mitting the col oven and the parts immediately connected therewith.
In the case of the single range the products of combustion pass from the top of
the oven B through an aperture W straight into the fine N.
The employment of a tubular hoiler to these kitchen ranges efferts further
improvements giving a good hot water supply and removing the difficulty
encountered in getting servants to clean out the arches of the boilers ordinarily
employed.
There is further the advantage that in these ranges the boiler can be removed
and replaced without disturbance of the other parts of the range in the event of
accident to the boiler or its being worn out.
There are alan further advantages in that by filling the fire box closing its lid
and closing the damper the fire may be made to burn at a slow rate for about
12 to 15 hours without further attention. thus securing a perpetual hot water
supply and a fire which will be in active combustion after having been closed all
night.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A range or stove for cooking having a fire box inclined downwards from
front to rear, closed at the upper part and with fire bars or grate at the lower
part, and there also an entrance to a chamber in which an oven is contained.
A range or stove in accordance with Claim 1 and having also a coil of pipe
in the chamber serving as a water heater or boiler.
A range or stove in accordance with Claim 1 and having also a sliding damper
immediately beneath the fire bars or grate.
4. A range or stove in accordance with Claim 1 and having also an air supply
pipe delivering heated air at the entrance to the chamber to meet the highly
heated gases leaving the fire.
5. A range or stove in accordance with Claim 1, and having also a flue passage
from the chamber, over the fire box into a second chamber containing a cool
oven.

page_text: 6. A range or stove in accordance with Claim 1 and having also an inclmed grid
and divided ash pan by which cinders and ashes are separated and separately
collected.
7. A range or stove substantially as described in respect to Figures 1 to 6 of
the drawings.
8. A range or stove substantially as described in respect to Figures 7 to 12 of
the drawings.