A METHOD OR METHODS OF PRODUCING ENGRAVED, FIGURED, AND TYPOGRAPHIC SURFACES POR PRINTING AND EMBOSSING FROM, AND FOR ORNAMENTS, ALSO CERTAIN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Giuseppe Devincenzi, of Grosvenor Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of A METHOD OR
METHODS OF PRODUCING ENGRAVED, FIGURED, AND TYPOGRAPHIC SURFACES FOR
Sealed the 15th September 1854, and dated the 13th April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left..by the said Giuseppe Devinceuzi at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1851.
I, GIUSEPPE DEVINCENZI, of Grosvenor Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A METHOD
OR, METHODS OF PRODUCING ENGRAVED, FIGURED, AND TYPOGRAPHIC SURFACES POR
PRINTING AND EMBOSSING FROM, AND FOR ORNAMENTS, ALSO CERTAIN MACHINERY
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to producing upon steel or other metals, or alloys.of
metals or other materials, engravings, either in relief or in hollow lines, to be
used,―
(a) instead of types, stereotype plates, wood cuts, and other surfaces used in
typography;
(6) for printing from hollow lines, as from copper plates engraved by the
ordinary methods;
(c) for printing calico and other stuffs, felts, paper hanging, and other
materials;
(d) for stamping and embossing:
(e) as ornamental surfaces, or for various other purposes.

page_text: And my Invention consists, -
1st. In producing an impression of some greasy matter, either of letter
press; or of hand-writing, or of designs or figures, upon metallic surfaces,
altogether free from grease;
(a) either by writing or drawing upon the same surfaces;
(b) or by writing or drawing upon paper, or upon lithographic stones, and
then transferring the impressions upon the surfaces;
(c) or by making a transfer from new or old printings ;
(d) or by transferring the impressions of letter press obtained by means
of the machinery herein-after mentioned ;
(e) or by taking with some greasy matter acted upon by light, as bitu-
minous or resinous bodies, a photographic impression, either directly
upon the metallic surface or upon a lithographic stone, for trans-
ferring it afterwards to the metallic surface; and I obtain these
photographic impressions both by the camera obscura and the
superposition of drawings or printings.
Sometimes I use, to reverse the designs, in order to obtain the kind of en-
graving that I require, the photographic process of positive and negative images;
or after getting the greasy impression upon the metallic surface, I cover the
plate with a coating of some suitable gum, to which I incorporate in some
cases other non-conducting substances, and dissolve afterwards the greasy
matter of the impression with some essential oil.
2nd. By a process, similar to that of inking in lithography, I cover these
impressions of greasy matter, obtained as before stated, with a hard non-con-
ducting coating of some oil varnish, with which I mix other substances, or of
some greasy cement, or of resinous or bituminous substances, or of other
suitable materials which may withstand the action of different solutions of a
galvanic battery, or electro-lyris, or of some acids. I sometimes ink these im-
pressions, and when the metallicsurface is very dry I dust them over with some
powdered resins or bitumens, with which may be incorporated other substances
or with vitrifiable or metallic substances; and then I get these resinous, bitu-
minous, vitrifiable, or metallic substances fused by heat, and I employ these
surfaces either as ornaments or to obtain engravings upon them, as herein-after
stated.
3rd. The metallic surface so prepared with the impressions is employed as
electro-positive metal, or positive electrode of a single or compound galvanic
battery, choosing the most suitable exciting solutions, according to the nature
of the metallic surface and of the substances of the impressions, and so by
electro chemicalaction the metallic surface is easily engraved where not covered
'f

page_text: with the impressions. Unequal depths being required in the engraving, a
stopping ground may be used.
4th. I employ other methods also to obtain these engravings, and among
others I cover sometimes the metallic surface by galvanic agency or otherwise
with a coating of a different metal, and I produce thereupon the impressions
as before stated in Nos. 1 and 2; and then by the galvanic process I destroy.
this metallic coating wherever it is not defended by the impressions, and so I
obtain a figured surface, which either may be used as an ornamental surface,
or may be connected again to a galvanic circuit with different liquids which
do not attack the superposed metal, to obtain a deeper engraving. Or after
taking an impression upon the metallic surface, as before stated in Nos. 1 and 2,
I obtain a coating of a different metal by the galvanic process upon all the
parts of the surface where there are no impressions; then I clear away from
the surface the substance of the impressions, or in some cases of ornamen-
tation I leave them, and I use the plate either as an ornamental surface or
I employ it with a different liquid which will not affect the over-metal, in order
to obtain a deeper engraving.
5th. Iémploy also these methods of producing engraved impressions for other
different purposes; for instance, I obtain perforated figures upon thin metallic
surfaces to be used for inlaid works or otherwise.
6th. Sometimes, instead of galvanic agency, I employ merely the action of
acids.
7th. Besides, I employ the methods of obtaining the impressions, as before
stated in Nos. 1 and 2, to produce engravings upon non-metallic bodies by the
action of acids; thus, I engrave both for ornament and for printing purposes
upon glass with the hydro-fluoric acid.
8th. And I employ also the impressions obtained according to Nos. 1 and 2
for other purposes; as, for instance, I use the surface upon which I have got
these impressions as a mould to produce by galvanic process another plate with
a reversed engraved impression; or I obtain a reversed engraved impression
also upon another metallic surface by pressure, or I get a fac-simile in metal-
by the stereotype process.
Lastly, my Invention consists in certain machinery which is intended to
produce without the use and the ordinary composition of types, and the ordinary
process of printing in letter press, whatever is required to be printed. This
machinery, which is employed principally for my new system of typography,
may be employed also as a printing machine, in connection with an electric
telegraph, as a printing or writing machine for the blind, &c., &c.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Giuseppe Devincenzi in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th October 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GIUSEPPE
DEVINCENZI, of Grosvenor Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Giuseppe Devincenzi, Her special licence that I, the said Giuseppe
Devincenzi, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Giuseppe Devincenzi, my executors, administrators, and assigns,should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A METHOD
OR METHODS OF PRODUCING ENGRAVED, FIGURED, AND TYPOGRAPHIC SURFACES FOR
PRINTING AND EMBOSSING FROM, AND FOR ORNAMENTS, ALSO CERTAIN MACHINERY
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Giuseppe Devincenzi, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar. months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Giuseppe Devincenzi, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof,-reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed (that is to say) :-
Firstly, the object of my Invention is to convert into engravings, either
sunken or in relief, on metallic or non-metallic surfaces, typographic or litho-
graphic prints, engravings, drawings, manuscripts, &c. The surfaces on which
such engravings are obtained may be used for printing, or for producing other
impressions or reproductions, or they may be used by themselves as ornaments.
Secondly, my Invention consists in producing, by means of machinery.which
I call printing machines, prints resembling the ordinary typographic printing
or impressions of typographic characters on some surface.

page_text: Thirdly, any description of metal or alloys may be made use of for these
engravings; but I generally prefer steel, copper, zinc, and hard alloys, when
they are to be used for printing or producing other impressions or re-
productions.
Fourthly, the surfaces of the metals on which the engravings are to be
produced must be polished and all grease must be removed.
Fifthly, I then produce or obtain on these surfaces with 'some greasy matters
drawings, figures, characters, &c., which I call by the general designation of
impressions. I make use of different methods for this purpose, but principally
the following:-(a) I write or draw on such surfaces with some greasy ma-
terial, as, for example, lithographic pencil or ink; (b) I write or draw on paper
with the said matters and transfer the same on to such surfaces; (c) I write,
draw, or I transfer on to a lithographic stone or zinc and obtain as many
proofs as necessary, in order to transfer the same on to the said surfaces;
(d) I transfer by any known method (and especially by a process of my own
Invention) from typographic prints or engravings, whether the originals be new
or old, on to the said surfaces; or else I effect such transfer on to zinc or
lithographic stone, and obtain proofs therefrom, which I transfer on to the said
surfaces, especially when I desire to take impressions from ancient originals
of great value, and even from new originals, when I have not at hand the
typographic composition or the engraved plates. The method of transferring
which I have invented, and which is equally applicable to all descriptions of
impressions whatever their age may be, is as follows:-1 damp the print or
engraving with water, or (which I prefer) with acidulated water or gum water,
and leaving on the surface of the paper just a light veil or film of this water ;
I apply some greasy substance, either by gently rubbing it on with a sponge,
or using a soft brush or pad. This greasy matter will only adhere to the im-
pressions, and will, moreover, act on them as a solvent, while the paper will be
left clean. I wash the paper in a large quantity of water, so as to remove any
particles of grease that might have dropped beyond the impressions, and I then
dry it, so that if any of such particles still remain, they may adhere to the
paper; I then damp the surface of the paper with very thin gum water, and
transfer either on to a metallic surface or lithographic stone or zinc, either in
order to obtain proofs, so as to transfer them on to my surfaces, or for use in
lithographic printing; results more or less satisfactory are obtained from the.
use of any greasy matter, but I prefer a mixture of equal parts of tallow and
stearine, dissolved in oil of lavender, or a composition of two parts of wax, one
of pitch, and two parts either of colophony or of asphalte, melted together and
diluted with oil of lavender. (e) I use for such transferring purposes printed

page_text: work, which I obtain by means of my printing machines, before mentioned;
(f) and finally, I obtain these impressions in a greasy matter by a photo-
graphic process, by producing by the action of light, either direct on such
surfaces or on a lithographic stone, to transfer from afterwards an impression-i
of any bituminous or resinous substance..
Sixthly, (a) having thus obtained the greasy impressions on such metallic:
surfaces, I apply on such impressions with a cylinder (by a process precisely
similar to that used for inking in zincography and lithography), a 'variish,
which is capable of resisting electro-chemical action or the simple action of an
acid; these being the means I use to obtain my engravings. Sometimes I
apply this varnish with a sponge, wetting the metallic surface with gum water.
My varnish is ordinarily composed as follows:-1 ounce asphalte, 8 ounces
essence of turpentine, ounce wax melted by a slow fire but I make use also
of almost any other of the varnishes employed in aquafortis engraving, and I
reduce them to the necessary consistency by essence of turpentine or other
solvents, and by evaporation; or I sometimes merely use common printing ink,
composed chiefly of linseed or nut oil; and, in short, any substance capable of
adhering firmly to the metallic surface and of resisting the action of the fluid
which may be used for engraving would be a good varnish. The fluids or
solutions which may be used for producing an electro-chemical or chemical
action on metals being so very numerous, it would be almost impossible to
point out all the substances of which such varnishes may be composed.
(b) I also ink the impressions with any varnish, or simply warm them and
dust them over with bitumen or resin, or with any vitrifiable or fusible matter;
I then melt these substances by means of heat and obtain figured surfaces,
which may be not only used for being engraved on by my process, but may
also serve as ornaments, without any other operation.
..Seventhly, metallic surfaces being thus prepared, I use them as an electro-
positive metal, or as a positive electrode, in or in connection with a galvanic
battery. By means of electro-chemical action these surfaces become engraved
on all the portions not covered by the non-conducting impressions. The intensity
of the electric current and the liquids employed should necessarily vary according
to the nature of the metals and the engravings to be produced; but when the
engravings are to be on steel or zinc I use a single cell, and I generally prefer
a weak solution of sulphate of copper for steel and a saturated solution for
ziuc. This salt answers admirably for these inetals. By immersing in such
solutions the steel or zinc surfaces in connection with an electro-negative
metal, they will be withdrawn engraved in a few minutes. For copper, I
also generally immerse in a solution of its sulphate the surface to be engraved,

page_text: together with another plate of the same metal, putting them in connection with
a battery. If it is necessary to obtain different degrees of depth in an
engraving (as is often the case when it is not typographic characters that have
to be engraved), the portions that are sufficiently engraved are covered with
varnish, and the surface is again submitted to electrical action.
a
Eighthly, I also use other methods to obtain engravings. Thus, I cover the
metallic surface with a layer of another metal by electro-plating, and then, by
means of the processes described under the 5th and 6th heads, I produce
impressions on this layer. I then employ this surface.as an electro-positive:
metal or as a positive electrode, and so I remove the super-imposed layer
wherever there is no impression. This surface may then be subjected again
to an electric current, by immersing it in a liquid which will not attack the
metal of the layer, so as to obtain engraving of greater depth. This may. be:
used likewise as an ornamental surface or else I obtain impressions on
metallic surfaces by the processes described under the 5th and 6th heads, and
by means of electrotyping I cover all such portions as have no impressions
with a layer of a different metal; I then remove the material in which the
impressions are taken, and I use such surfaces either to combine with an
electrical current in a liquid which does not act on the metal of the layer,
if I wish to produce deeper engravings, or I use them as ornamental surfaces.
Ninthly, by means of these various processes of engraving I also obtain
perforated figures on sheets or leaves of metal, which may be specially
employed for inlaid work.
Tenthly, sometimes after having produced engravings on a metallic surface
I deposit within the hollow or sunken parts another metal by electro-plating,
or else I fill up such sunken parts with some colored matter, such as shellac or
other suitable composition, and thus obtain surfaces with figures or letters
which may be used as name plates, &c.
Eleventhly, I can also produce engravings on metallic surfaces by employing
the same processes as those previously specified, and substituting the simple
chemical action of acids for the aforesaid electro-chemical action.
.Twelfthly, I use this simple chemical action of acids and the processes
described under the 4th, 5th, and 6th heads of this Specification, in order to
produce engravings on non-metallic bodies; thus, with the greatest ease I
make engravings on marble and other stone, in order to obtain ornamental
surfaces. When such stones are of a single dark color, which by polishing
becomes very prominent, the slightest action of the acids would suffice to
furnish satisfactory results. And by the same processes I obtain on glass or
crystal either engraved ornamental work or engraving for printing purposes.

page_text: Thirteenthly, I also use impressions obtained by the processes described:
under the 4th, 5th, and 6th heads, in order to produce electro-plate repro-
ductions or stereotype. plates, or in order to reproduce them by means of
pressure on plates of soft or softened metal. When I employ pressure I
powder the impressions with some hard granular substance, as, for example,
emery:
Fourteenthly; the "printing machines" which I have invented are intended
to produce, without the ordinary typographical processes, print work, to be
transferred on to my metallic surface. These machines may be exceedingly
varied as regards their construction, but all have the same object and are
based on the same principle, viz', to produce print work with a very limited
number of stamps or types, which do not generally exceed the number of
printers characters, and signs. I propose merely to describe one of these
machines..
Figure 1,Sheet I., is a longitudinal elevation of such a machine, the case in
which it is contained having been removed. Figure 2 is a section of the same
on, the line a, b.; and Figure 3, Sheet: II., is a section on the line c, d, of
Figure 1. The same letters denote the same parts in all the Sheets and
Figures. The Figures are drawn on a scale of one-third of the real size,
except Figure 6, Sheet II., which is of the real dimensions of the part which
it represents. A, Figures 1 and 2, is a cylinder, on the upper surface of which
the paper g, h, i, k, (which, is to be printed on) is stretched by means of the
two small revolving rollers e,f. The paper is fed in by the cylinder B, upon
which a certain length is always kept rolled. C (Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6) is
a wheel, on the circumference of which are the printing types; all the types on
this wheel are shewn in Figure 4, Sheet II. The types 1, 1, 1, Figure 6, are
steel stamps, having springs in the inner part.of the wheel and stops in the
outer part. This wheel, which I designate the type wheel, is fixed on the same
axis, and revolves with the cylinder D, D.. D, D, Figures 1 2, 3; 5, and 7, is a
cylinder, round which are arranged spirally as many stops or teeth as there
are types in the wheel C. m, n, o, p, Figure-5-is-an-arrangement_of_small
bars r, r, r, of the same number as the stops or teeth on the cylinder D; D.
These bars are fixed on one and the same axis 9,9, and each one acts indepen
dently of the others. By means of the springs s, s, they do not come in contact
with the teeth of the cylinder D, D, except when they are pressed, and when
they are pressed they do not touch the surface of the cylinder on account of
the stops t. Figure 4 shews the upper part of the machine, which is a key
board, provided with as many keys or buttons u, u, (Figures 1, 2, and 3) as
there are bars.. On each key. or button is marked a letter or sign of the type

page_text: wheel. E, F, G, H, Figs. 1 and 3, is an arrangement for imparting rotary
motion to the cylinder D, D, and thence to the type wheel by means of the
action of the foot. I, Figure 2, is ink box. K is a steel cylinder, which carries
the ink along with it as it revolves. is a spring, which spreads or distributes
the ink. Lis a cylinder, similar to an ordinary printing cylinder, which more
completely spreads the ink before feeding it on to a leather bandy, y, which,
by means of two rollers M, M, carries it on to the types. Z, Z, is another
leather band, which removes the ink from the types. w is a scraper, which
always keeps the band clean. Figure 1 shews how this inking arrangement
works when set in motion by the roller D, D. N,N, Figure 1, are temporary
magnets, which by means of their armature O make the hammer P strike
a blow on the stamp to be printed. This hammer P is fixed at the end of
the lever Q, R, S, which turns about its fulcrum R whenever an electric
current passes through the coils of the magnets N, N. When the current is
broken, the armature is brought back to its place by a spring. T is the
galvanic battery. aal, is a line indicating the electric current passing through
the electro-magnets N, N, whenever a bar r, Figures 3 and 4, comes in
contact with one of the stops or teeth on the cylinder D, D.
The working of the machinery may be understood without reference to any
portion of it which has not yet been described. The cylinder D, D, (Figures 1,
2, and 3,) being kept revolving by the foot, all that has to be done is to depress
with the fingers the keys or buttons on which the letters and signs to be printed
are marked. For example; if the key A be depressed, the peg of this key will
press down the corresponding bar 7, which will come against the stop or tooth
on the cylinder D, D, at the precise moment that the stamp A comes between
the paper to be printed ou, and the hammer P; at the same moment the
hammer strikes a blow and the letter is printed. U, U, Figures 1 and 5, are
two toothed wheels with catches, which prevent the cylinder D, D, from going
back, and by means of the moveable collar E, and its spring, it is not necessary
to stop the motion of the foot, nor to subject the cylinder D, D, to the friction
of the cord during the printing of each letter.
I will now proceed to describe the manner of arranging the letters into words,
lines, and pages. The cylinder A, Figures 1 and 2, moves on the three bars
6, 61, 61, which are fixed on one side to a disc and on the other to the toothed
wheel X. The teeth of this wheel correspond with the distance at which the
lines are to be apart. c¹, c¹, is another bar, which in its motion carries the
cylinder A with it, without receiving rotary motion therefrom. This bar c',c,
is formed at one part into a rack, and at the other is surrounded by a spring
d. The teeth of the rack correspond to the space which each letter should
R

page_text: occupy on the paper. In its travel from one side to the other, the cylinder A
draws along with it the other cylinder B, which is fixed to it. e, f, g¹‚ h¹
Figures 1 and 3, shew an arrangement of pawls, which take into the teeth of
the ratchet wheel Y, fixed on the same axis as the small wheel 1 These two
wheels Y and y have the same number of teeth. ZZ, are electro-magnets.
W, the armature, to which is fixed the pawl gl, h¹. This armature is provided
with a return spring, which constantly tends to keep it apart from the electro-
magnets. A', A', Figure 7, is a bar which revolves at ", and is intended to
complete or interrupt the electric current,, . When pressure is applied
où one of the keys, a bar descends, and the bar A', A', is pushed down, and
the current :,,, is broken off. When the finger is removed from the key,
the bar A, A, is pushed back into its place by the spring , and contact is
re-established. The current /,,, exciting the temporary magnets Z, Z, the
armature W is drawn back with the pawl g, h, and consequently the wheels
Y,, by means of the rack c', ', bring forward the cylinder A. It may then
be easily understood how, by the mere pressure of a finger on a key and its
removal therefrom, not only the impression of a letter is obtained, but the paper
moves forward the necessary distance for giving the space for printing another
type. On the same axis as that of the wheel Y, Figures 1 and 3, is fixed a
disc, mm, having near its circumference as many numbers in their arith-
metical order as there are teeth in the wheel Y and in the rack c', c', the first
number corresponding to the first tooth that acts in the rack, and consequently
with the first letter printed in each line; and as the disc me, m', m', revolves
with the wheel Y, the number which shews itself in its turn at the little opening
will indicate the number of letters and signs printed, and also of the spaces
in the line. To this disc m', mm, at one of the last numbers is fixed a peg
or pin o', which pushes down a hammer and makes it drop on to the bell B',
so as to call the attention of the workman to the last words of the line. In
order to leave spaces between the words, all that has to be done is to press the
button Figure 4, which, instead of pressing on one of the bars r, exercises
-a-direct pressure on the bar A ALFigure 7. The current-his-broken-
off in order to be re-established again, and a blank space is thereby left on the
paper,
which space will not be printed on. In my plan, all the impressions and
all the spaces take up the same space, whereby the process of composition is
much simplified; but it is very easy to manage so as to make no change in
the usual plan of printing. All that is to be done is, to start from the smallest
space, and to double this space whenever it is requisite to print letters which
require a double space. When another sign, such as an accent, an apostrophe,
&c., has to be printed on or after a letter, then before removing the finger from
"
E

page_text: the key which has been pressed down to print a letter, the button ②, Figure 4,
must be touched, in order to prevent the current 1,,, from re-establishing
itself, and the cylinder A from moving. When once the line is completed, the
button C, Figures 1,3,4, is pressed. This button. by means of the rcdp': '',
brings down the lever r, s, t, u, revolving at ', which pushes down the two
rods a¹, s, and y, t. The rod a', s¹, disengages the arrangement of pawls
eg, and the cylinder A is, by the spring , d', pushed back to its first
position. The rod y', t, has a hook at one end, and is part of another arrange-
ment of pawls for imparting motion to the wheel X. This rod y', t, being thus
made to descend, turns the cylinder A, and thus prepares the space for another
line; at the same time the rod p³, 1, brings down the rod ¹, w', by means of
the arrangements at 71, and this rod 1,, by means of a hook turns the disc
7221111211 This disc is similar to that intended to mark the number of
letters, and exhibits at another opening " the number of lines printed. Of
course this machine is constructed entirely of metal, and insulation is obtained
in the ordinary manner. Instead of using the foot as a motive power, I
sometimes use an electro-magnetic motor, or other description of motive
power.
I have also invented other machines, but less complete, for carrying out this
object of printing with a small number of types, making use only of mechanica!
means without employing temporary magnets.
I have also substituted for the system of inking, previously described, the
employment of paper or fabric, covered with a layer of printing ink, so as to
leave on the paper to be printed on the marks of the type under the action of
the hammer.
On print work obtained by means of these machines, corrections may easily
be made with punches and substitutions. These prints may also be used for other
purposes; thus, for example, when a large number of copies are not required,
they may be transferred on to the lithographic stone in order to print in the
ordinary way. The machine which I have just described may also be used as
a writing apparatus for the blind. I can also produce with these machines
generally, instead of ordinary typographic print work, sunken impressions on
soft metal plates, on gutta percha, or other substances which easily receive im
pressions, and these sunken impressions may be used either for taking proofs,
for transferring them on to metallic surfaces, or for other purposes (in the case
of metal plates), or for matrices for reproduction in relief by electro-plating or
stereotyping.
Fifteenthly, instead of producing engravings on cylindrical metallic surfaces,
I often obtain them on plates which are afterwards, applied or rolled. on to

page_text: printing cylinders; and I employ this process for printing fabrics and other
articles, as well as for typographic purposes.
Sixteenthly,myengraved metallic surfaces mayalso be used for producing fac-
similes on other metallic surfaces or reversed engravings, either by the process
of pressing and softening metals (especially steel) and afterwards re-hardening
them, or else by the electro-plating process.
Seventeenthly, engraved or perforated surfaces obtained by the various
methods specified may be applied to a great number of purposes, and especially
to the following:-
(a) For surface printing, in substitution of types and composition, ordinary
stereotypes and wood engravings in typography;
(b) for printing from hollow engravings, as from ordinary copper plates;
(c) for printing fabrics, felt, paper hangings, and other materials by either
raised or sunken engravings;
(d) for stamping and embossing metals, fabrics, and other materials;
(e) for inlaid and marquetry work;
(f) and, finally, for ornaments by themselves.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as my
Invention is,
First, the converting into raised or sunken engravings or perforations, by
means of electro-chemical action, impressions obtained on metallic surfaces
by the various methods specified under the 5th head, and inked or varnished
by the lithographic process, or-powdered over with fusible matters, as described
under the 6th head, these surfaces being employed as electro-positive metals
or as positive electrodes.
Second, the special employment of a solution of sulphate of copper for
producing such engravings or perforations on steel and zinc.
Third, the application of the processes described under the 5th and 6th
(a) heads, for producing engravings by the simple chemical action of acids on
metallic surfaces.
Fourth, the application of the processes described under the 5th and 6th
heads, for producing engravings on glass or crystal by means of chemical action.
Fifth, the application of the processes described under the same 5th and 6th
heads, for producing by means of acids, engravings on stone, to be used as
ornamental surfaces.
Sixth, the application of the processes described under the same 5th and 6th
heads, for obtaining moulds for reproductions in metal by electro-plating,
stereotyping, or pressure,

page_text: Seventh, the process of transferring print work or engravings on to metallic
surfaces or lithographic stone, by wetting the paper and exciting and covering
the impressions to be reproduced with some greasysubstance, as described under
the 5th (7) head.
Eighth, the application of the processes of the same 5th and 6th heads,
for producing figured metallic surfaces, by the super-imposition of other
metals, whether such surfaces are to be afterwards more deeply engraved
or not.
And, ninth, the machinery intended to produce with a very limited number
of types print work or impressions in typographic characters.
In witness whereof, I, the said Giuseppi Devincenze, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
GIUSEPPE DEVINCENZI. (L.S.)