IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS LANTERNS FOR LIGHTING STREETS AND PUBLIC. PLACES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the
'
County of Middlesex Gentleman for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS LANTERNS FOR LIGHTING STREETS AND PUBLIC.
PLACES communicated to him from Rudolf Kraussé, Manager of Gas Works
and Iron Foundry-a person resident at Mentz (Mayence) in the Empire of
Germany
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1883.
.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS LANTERNS FOR
LIGHTING STREETS AND PUBLIC PLACES a communication from Rudolf Kraussé
Manager of Gas Works and Iron Foundry a person resident at Mentz (Mayence)
in the Empire of Germany
This Invention has for its object to attain a higher lighting effect in comparison
with the ordinary lanterns without increased consumption of gas together with a
steady flame unaffected by external influences.
These advantages are obtained-Firstly by the admission of warmed air and in
the quantity required for consumption for which purpose the cross section of
apertures of tubes for admitting air must be arranged in proper proportion-Secondly
by a tight locking of the lantern and finally by the employment of a cap or cover
preventing the entrance of wind-A. Lamp constructed according to this Iuvention
is arranged as follows:-
Above the ordinary roof of the under frame is arranged a second roof which is
fastened at a determined distance from the ordinary roof and projects over and
about the edges of the ordinary roof-In the interior of the lantern and in a
certain distance from the burner and from the ordinary roof is arranged the
reflector to which is attached the chimney with conical prolongation over which is
fitted a cap constructed with covering deflectors,

page_text: - The bottom of the lantern is closed the panes of the sides and roof and the door
are tightly fitted and the tight closing of the door is effected by means of a
lever
The burner consists of a series of double burners the number and size of which
depends upon the size of the Lantern and also of another double burner and of a
lighting one flame burner
In lanterns of smaller size with only one flame the last named double burner
and light flame may be dispensed with
The operation of the said lantern is as follows By turning the gas tap for an
1/8th of a circle the separate double burner will be lighted by the flame from. the
lighting burner which burner was alone burning
If the turning of the cock is continued through a further eighth of a
circle all the other burners are lighted whilst the separate double burner is
extinguished
The air enters the space between the roofs then passes through apertures left in
the upper part of the inner roof and passes over the reflector and descends on the
side of the lantern for entering into the flame from below. In this way the air
is warmed first in the space between the roofs further over the reflector and finally
directly by the radiated heat of the flame
The velocity of the admitted air which depends upon the cross section of the
inlets the difference of the temperature between the entering air and the escaping
gases of combustion and also upon the height of the chimney is as small as possible
so that the flame is in no manner disturbed
The gases of combustion escape from the chimney. The construction of the
double roof prevents the external currents of air from acting-upon-the-inlet air
and the pernicious influence of wind is excluded by the cap or cover over the
chimney which cover is constructed of covering or deflecting plates with openings
- beneath-to-give-a-free-escape-for the gases of combustion
The improved lanterns permit the advantageous employment of double burners
which are very sensitive to the influence of currents of air; and offers a
considerable increase of lighting effect in consequence of the prior heating of the
air for supporting combustion avoiding the admittance of too much air and
consequently the cooling of the reflector

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Patent Office on the 8th February
1884.
"
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS LANTERNS FOR
LIGHTING STREETS AND PUBLIC PLACES a communication to me from Rudolf
Kraussé Manager of Gas Works and Iron Foundry a person resident at Mentz
(Mayence) in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention has for its object to attain a higher lighting effect in comparison
with the ordinary lanterns without increased consumption of gas together with a
steady flame unaffected by external influences.
These advantages are obtained by Firstly the admission of warmed air and in
the quantity required for the consumption of the gas for which purpose the cross
section of the apertures of tubes for admitting air must be arranged in proper
proportion-Secondly, by a tight locking of the lantern and finally by the
employment of a cap or cover preventing the entrance of wind.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 represents an elevation and Figure 2 a vertical section (on the line A B
of Figure 1) of a lantern constructed according to this Invention. Figure 3 shows
a burner full size. The other Figures are details as hereinafter described.
Above the ordinary roof 6 of the under frame a is arranged a second roof c
which is fastened at a determined distance from the ordinary roof b and projects
over and about the edges of the said ordinary roof b. In the interior of the
lantern and between the burner fand the roof b is arranged the reflector r to
which is attached the chimney t with a conical prolongation over which is fitted a
cap h constructed with covering deflectors as clearly shewn in Figure 2.
The bottom of the lantern is closed and the panes of the sides and roof and the
doors are tightly fitted and the tight closing of the door is effected by means of a
suitable fastening for example the lever v (Figure 1.)
The burner consists of a series of double burners f (the number and size of which
depends upon the size of the lantern) and also of another double burner g and of a
lighting flame burner k.
'
In lanterns of smaller size with only one flame the double burner g and the
lighting flame burner k may be dispensed with as hereinafter described.
The operation of the said lantern is as follows. By turning the gas tap p for one
eighth of a circle the separate double burner g will be lighted by the flame from
the lighting burner k which burner was alone burning.
If the turning of the cock be continued through a further eighth of a circle all
the other burners fare lighted whilst the separate double burner g is extinguished.
Air to support combustion enters the space between the roofs c and b then
passes through the apertures i left in the upper part of the inner roof b and passes
over the reflector r and descends the sides of the lantern and impinges upon the
flame from below. In this way the air is warmed first in the space . between the
roofs and further by passing over the reflector r and finally by the radiated heat of
the flame..
The velocity of the admitted air, depends upon the cross section of the inlets and
the difference of the temperature between the entering air and the escaping gases

page_text: of combustion and also upon the height of the chimney which should be as small
as possible, so that the flame is in no manner disturbed.
The gases of combustion escape from the chimney as indicated by the arrows m.
The construction of the double roof prevents the external currents of air from
acting upon the inlet air and the pernicious influence of the wind in the direction
of the arrows n is excluded by the cap or cover over the chimney which cover is
constructed of covering or deflecting plates with openings beneath to give a free
escape for the gases of combustion.
The improved lanterns permit the advantageous employment of double burners
which are very sensitive to the influence of currents of air and offer a considerable
increase of lighting effect in consequence of the preliminary heating of the air for
supporting combustion avoiding the admittance of too much air and consequently
the cooling of the reflector.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 shew respectively in vertical section, front view and plan a
modification adapted for lighting places which are not exposed to strong currents
of air. It consists essentially of a glass globe-a provided at its upper part with a
cover b and closed at its lower part with a door g' being further provided with a
half globe or second cover c a reflector ŕ double burners f and a chimney t
leading to pipes i and σ which form a continuation thereof.
The gas is supplied through a pipe a small igniting jet being supplied by a
pipo k
The action is substantially the same as in the lantern herein before
described. When the cock in the gas supply pipe is opened the gas at the
burners is ignited by the igniting jet k and the products of combustion escape
in the direction indicated by the arrow m_along the chimney t leading to the
pipes i and o and finally escape into the open air or into the chimney the air to
support combustion entering between the covers b and c above the reflector ras
indicated by the arrows -
The air thus becomes warmed and the gas-burns with-a-steady-and-constant
flame The door q³ is provided with a slide to enable the jet to be lighted by hand
in case the igniting jet be not used. The lamp may also be so arranged that the
side pieces serve as gas supply pipes. In this case these tubes are prolonged
under-neath the door g³ and terminate in a case provided with the gas cock.
When the lamp is to be utilized for ventilating the outlet pipe i is divided at a
'convenient point and connected with a rose or funnel and a pipe through which
the air from the place to be ventilated is drawn into the pipe i and carried away
with the products of combustion.
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 represent respectively a longitudinal section transverse
section elevation and plan of a lantern constructed on the same principle and
adapted as a wall lamp.
"I
The lamp consists of a frame a the outer cover c and inner cover b which latter
also serves as a reflector, a double burner fa chimney t and a cap h all being
substantially the same in effect as the parts correspondingly lettered in the
arrangements hereinbefore described.
The lamp acts in such a manner that the air flows to the flame passing between
the two covers b and c in the direction of the arrows and then escapes through
the chimney t in the direction indicated by the arrows m. The air is previously
warmed by passing between the two covers b and c first over and then behind the
flame and the lighting power is thereby enhanced in the saine manner as in
the case of the arrangements herein before described. The burner and cap are the
same as are used in the construction of the lamp Figures 1 and 2, and when the
lamp is employed in places where it is exposed to strong external currents of air
the cap may have three covers. The lamp burns with a perfectly steady flame
and is well fitted, being entirely enclosed, to be used in places where highly
combustible materials are present.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original

page_text: and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is.
First In gas lanterns or lamps, the employment of a double roof, cover, or
casing, for the passage and preliminary heating of the air for supporting combustion,
and for preventing the entry of external currents, substantially as hereinbefore
described under various modifications with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Secondly-In gas lanterns or lamps, the employment of a cap surmounting the
chimney and consisting of covers or deflectors, for the purpose of enabling the
products of combustion to escape freely and steadily, notwithstanding external
current, substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
In-witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal this Seventh day of February One thousand eight hundred
and eighty four
J HENRY JOHNSON (L.S.)