Improvements in Carding Engines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 20th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1895
Improvements in Carding Engines.
A communication to me from ERNST ZAPP and FRANZ JELINEK, both of Brünn,
Moravia, Employés in the Mill of Adolf Low and Sohn.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, in the Conuty of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to carding engines ordinarily employed in preparing cotton
and other fibres, and it has for its object a novel arrangement of apparatus by
which the accumulation of fibres in the cards of the principal cylinder is
prevented.
The improved apparatus may be used instead of the devices ordinarily used for
such purpose, or in the place of one of the pairs of working rollers.
The improved cleaning apparatus consists of three rollers, arranged parallel to
and adjoining the circumference of the main cylinder, and at a sufficient distance
in advance of, or above, the feeding rollers.
The first of the rollers is clothed with cards having long, elastic wire teeth,
arranged diagonally (that is to say, not quite radially), to the surface of the roller,
and revolves at a speed somewhat greater than the speed of the main cylinder, and
in the same direction. The second roller revolves in the same direction as the
first and is also provided with long, elastic, wire teeth, the outer ends of which are
bent forward at an angle. The third roller is provided with inclined wire teeth
similar to those on the first, but it revolves in the opposite direction to the other
two. Outside and between the first two rollers is a fourth smooth roller, not
provided with card teeth, which serves to keep the stuff taken up by the rollers
against the latter. All the rollers are covered by a moveable cover which prevents
the fibres and dust from flying about.
The fibrous material to be treated is fed in the usual way by a feeding table or
apron between feeding rollers, which supply it to the main carding cylinder, round
which it passes, under the usual working cylinders and clearing rollers, to the
doffer and doffing comb on the other side.
The first of the rollers first described, (or that nearest to the feeding rollers),
the card teeth of which engage about 2 mm. deep with the card teeth on the main
cylinder, removes by its greater speed the material embedded in the teeth of the
latter. This material is then removed by the teeth on the second roller which
revolves at a slower speed, (preferably the same as that of the working rollers),
and the teeth of which are directed at an opposite angle, and return the fibre again
to the main card cylinder.
In this way the teeth of the first roller are kept clean, which, from their nearly
radial position would otherwise become choked up with the material.
The third smaller plain roller, which has a greater speed than the second,
serves to remove the stuff from the teeth of the latter and to return it to the teeth
of the main cylinder.
This third roller revolves in the opposite direction to the other two, and makes
only about 150 to 400 revolutions per minute, so that the main cylinder cards easily
remove the material from the surface.

page_text: The improved apparatus described supersedes the arrangement of "volant” or
fly roller ordinarily used, and keeps the cylinder cards free from dust and grease,
and the work of the carding engine is greatly improved, with considerable saving
of material.
In order to keep the cards of the working roller and the doffing roller clear,
the small clearing rollers adjoining them are fitted with angular card teeth similar
to those upon the second of the three rollers already described, only propor-
tionally shorter (about 20 mm. high) the outer half being bent at an angle of
about 45°. The clearing rollers are so arranged that their card teeth enter those
of the working rollers, and in this way the whole of the material can be removed
from the latter.
In order to reduce the wear on the card teeth on the clearing and working rollers,
and to cause a more uniforin movement of the fleece of material, it is preferable to
reduce the ordinary speed of the clearing rollers, or to so regulate it that it
approaches that of the working rollers. By this means, and by the substitution of
the improved apparatus for the "volant or "fly," the current of air in the
machine caused by centrifugal force is almost entirely prevented, and the uniformity
of the spun material greatly promoted.
The clearing roller from the doffing cylinder may have a speed either slower or
quicker than the latter, and in either case returns the material withdrawn by it to
the main cylinder.
In order to prevent a flaking together of the material, and to increase the
uniformity of the web or fleece, the working rollers have a relatively varying speed
of rotation, which is reduced or increased according to the nearness to the doffing
cylinder.
The material in the machine is thus made perfectly uniform.
By the improved apparatus described, the cards are always kept clean, and can
never become clogged, so that a waste of material cannot occur, whilst the
uniformity of the product to be manufactured, and the capacity of the machine are
considerably increased.
Deted this 4th day of Decembar 1804
A communication to me from ERNST ZAPP and FRANZ JELINEK, both of Brunn,
Moravia, Employés in the Mill of Adolf Low and Sohn.
1, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and accompanying drawings, that is to say :-
This invention relates to carding engines ordinarily employed in preparing cotton
and other fibres, and it has for its object a novel arrangement of apparatus by
which the accumulation of fibres in the cards of the principal cylinder is
prevented.
The improved apparatus may be used instead of the devices ordinarily used for
such purpose, or in place of one of the pairs of working rollers.
The accompanying drawing is in illustration of the invention; Figure 1 being a
side view shewing the apparatus; and Figures 2, 3, and 4 shewing different
arrangements of the teeth of the cleaning devices.

page_text: The improved cleaning apparatus consists of three rollers, a, b, and c. arranged
parallel to and adjoining the circumference of the main cylinder, and at a sufficient
distance in advance of, or above, the feeding rollers.
The first a of the rollers is clothed with cards having long, elastic wire teeth,
arranged diagonally (that is to say, not quite radially), as shewn in Figure 2, to the
surface of the roller, and revolves at a speed somewhat greater than the speed of
the main cylinder, and in the same direction at the point of contact. The second
roller revolves in the same direction as the first and is also provided with long,
elastic wire teeth, the outer ends of which are bent forward at an angle (as shewn
in Figure 3). The third roller c is provided with inclined wire teeth similar to
those on the first, a, but it revolves in the opposite direction to the other two.
Outside and between the first two rollers, a and b, is a fourth smooth roller d, not
provided with card teeth, which serves to keep the stuff taken up by the rollers a
and b, against the latter. All the rollers a, b, c, and d, are covered by a moveable
cover e which prevents the fibres and dust from flying about.
The fibrous material to be treated is fed in the usual way by a feeding table or
apron, between feeding rollers g, which supply it to the main carding cylinder h
round which it passes, under the usual working cylinders i and clearing rollers i¹, to
the doffers k, kand doffing comb on the other side.
The first of the rollers first described, (or that a nearest to the feeding rollers),
the card teeth of which engage about 2 or 2 mm. deep with the card teeth on the
main cylinder, removes by its greater speed the material embedded in the teeth of
the latter. This material is then removed by the teeth on the second roller
which revolves at a slower speed, (preferably the same as that of the working
rollers), and the teeth of which are directed at an opposite angle, and return the
fibre again to the main card cylinder.
In this way the teeth of the first roller are kept clean, which, from their nearly
radial position would otherwise become choked up with the material.
For the
same purpose the rollers a and b are preferably arranged to work in or against each
other.
The third smaller roller c, which has a greater speed than the second b, serves to
remove the stuff from the teeth of the latter and to return it to the teeth of the
main cylinder.
This third roller c revolves in the opposite direction to the other two, and makes
only about 150 to 400 revolutions per minute, so that the main cylinder cards
easily remove the material from the surface.
The improved apparatus described supersedes the arrangement of "volant" or
fly roller ordinarily used, and keeps the cylinder cards free from dust and grease,
and the work of the carding engine is greatly improved with considerable saving of
material.
In order to keep the cards of the working roller and the doffing roller clear, the
small clearing rollers and adjoining them are fitted with angular card teeth
similar (as shewn in Figure 4) to those (as shewn in Figure 3) upon the second of
the three rollers already described, only proportionally shorter (about 20 mm.
high) the outer half being bent at an angle of about 45°. The clearing rollers
are so arranged that their card teeth enter those of the working rollers, and in this
way the whole of the material can be removed from the latter.
In order to reduce the wear on the card teeth on the clearing and working
rollers, and to cause a more uniform movement of the fleece of material, it is
preferable to reduce the ordinary speed of the clearing rollers, or to so regulate it
that it approaches that of the working rollers. By this means, and by the
substitution of the improved apparatus for the " volant or "fly," the current of
air in the machine caused by centrifugal force is almost entirely prevented, and the
uniformity of the spun material greatly promoted.
"
The clearing roller & from the doffing cylinder may have a speed either slower or
quicker than the latter, and in either case returns the material withdrawn by it to
the main cylinder.

page_text: In order to prevent a flaking together of the material, and to increase the
uniformity of the web or fleece, the several working rollers may have a different
speed of rotation, each one having a speed greater than the one preceding it.
Moreover, the speed of revolution of the rollers may be varied more or less as may
be found desirable.
The material in the machine is thus made perfectly uniform.
By the improved apparatus described, the cards are always kept clean, and can
never become clogged, so that a waste of material cannot occur, whilst the
uniformity of the product to be manufactured, and the capacity of the machine, are
considerably increased.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is
-:
1. The method of keeping carding engines free from loose fibres, by means of
cleaning apparatus arranged in a suitable position on the circumference of the
main cylinder h, and consisting of the roller a provided with straight, elastic,―
nearly radial-wire card teeth, the roller b provided with augular wire teeth, and
the clearing roller c, also provided with radial teeth, the said rollers a, b, and e
keeping the main card cylinder free from loose fibres, by means of the teeth of a
engaging with those of the said main cylinder, and by means of their greater
speed of revolution, removing the whole of the loose material, which is taken off*
from a by the teeth of the more slowly moving roller b, and returned to the cylinder
whilst the teeth of the roller c, moving more quickly than those of 6 remove the
fibres from the latter and lay them back on the cylinder, substantially as described
and illustrated.
2. In the carding engine described in Claim 1, the arrangement of the plain
roller d outside and between the rollers a and b, in order to keep down the stuff,
and the moveable cover e covering the rollers a, b, c, d to prevent the fibres and
dust from flying about, substantially as described and illustrated.
3. In the carding engine described in Claim 1, the arrangement of the rollers &¹
and k, which are provided with suitable angular teeth similar to those on the
roller b, and serving to keep free the teeth of the working cylinders i, and the doffing
cylinder k, substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 17th day of August 1895.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.