A New Selvedge Forming Apparatus applicable to Looms.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Aug., 1891
.
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1892-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New Selvedge Forming Apparatus applicable to Looms.
We EDWIN ASHWORTH of Fieldhouse Lane Loom Overlooker and ARCHIBALD
HARDWICK OLDHAM of Cross Lees Syke Road Mill Manager both of Rochdale
and County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
1
Our invention relates to a twin selvedge apparatus adapted to form two selvedges
at one and the same time that is-a selvedge on a sido of two pieces or widths of
cloth being woven side by side in a loom.
According to our construction and arrangement our apparatus consists of a
slotted piece or fork having a plate of curvilinear form and vortically moving wires
or needles actuated from any convenient motion part of the loom which apparatus
we insert in the space formed between the sheds or warps from which the two
pieces or widths are being woven and to extend downwards from the top rail of the
loom and in proximity to the front heald so as to pass through the sheds.
We take or assign to the outermost thread or end of each shed a stationary or
permanent position, which ends we thread through-one on each side and at the
extreme edge of the curvilinear plate that is the said 'ends are not allowed to
move by the action of the healds as is the case with the other threads or warp of
the sheds.
Between the said stationary and horizontally situated threads are situate the
needles to the lower extremity of each needle is fastened the one end of a thread,
the other, or opposite end of each thread being threaded or passed into the warps
or sheds that is passing over the outer ends and under two or more ends nearest
the outer or stationary ends-thence emerge from the warps or sheds out to and
converge at any convenient fixed point situate above the surface of the cloth being
manufactured in the loom which point for instance may be on a temple which may
be used for maintaining the position of the selvedges or sides of the cloth in the
loom during the process of weaving.
The two or more consecutive threads in each shed nearest the outer threads
before referred to, are caused by means of threading or inserting the said threads
through the slot or fork. behind the curvilinear plate, to impinge upon, or when
actuated by the healds to traverse the sides of the curvilinear plate and as a
consequence of the peculiar form of the said plate the threads are caused to assume
abnormal positions and to pass between the needles; thus the shed threads by their
movements on the, sides of the curvilinear plate are caused to be periodically
withdrawn from their normal positions in the sheds, over the stationary threads,
into the space between the needles, consequently the thread of each each needle is
then caused to have at certain periods an intermediate or central position with
relation to the stationary or outer thread and the two or more consecutive shed
threads...
J
The operation of our invention is as follows:-
1
When the needles descend into the space between the open sheds the threads
attached thereto descend below the path of the transverse or weft thread' passed by
the shuttle, across the space between the two sheds and under the stationary
threads, when the needles ascend the needle threads consequently lift a portion of
the weft into the space between. the stationary threads, whilst the weft is held in
this position and moved by, the action of the reed towards the stationary point of
the needle threads. upon which threads there; exists slight tension, the portion
situate across the space being then cut by means of a suitably fixed knife, the
7.

page_text: needle threads then lead or guide the severed ends-one on each side-so as to
form a loop and pull the severed ends inwardly or into the warp of each piece of
cloth over the stationary threads and under the two shed threads which end is
then gripped or locked by the interchanging position of the upper and lower
threads or warps of the sheds thus two selvedges one on each piece of cloth are
formed:
Dated this 25th dov of Angust: A.D. 1891.
0
EDWIN ASHWORTH.
ARCHIBALD HARDWICK OLDHAM.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New Selvedge Forming Apparatus applicable to Looms.
We EDWIN ASHWORTH of Fieldhouse Lane Loom Overlooker and ARCHIBALD
HARDWICK OLDHAM of Cross Lees Syke Road Mill Manager both of Rochdale
and County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and' in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to an automatic twin selvedge forming apparatus and is
adapted to form two selvedges at one and the same time, that is, a selvedge on two
pieces of widths of cloth being woven side by side in a loom, it being well known
that two or more pieces of cloth are often woven in a loom at the same time. Our
apparatus consists of an arrangement which is adapted to be placed between the
front heald and the reed of the loom, and through which apparatus certain threads
are threaded direct from the warp beam also certain shed threads which latter
threads are so operated or actunted as to interweave the ends of the weft thread-
which thread has been previously drawn into the space between the two solvedges
und cut-the said ends being twisted around stationary or selvedge threads in order
to form a selvedge on each piece of cloth.
According to our construction and arrangement our apparatus consists of a
slotted piece or fork and a piece having a curvilinear form, also vertically moving
wires or needles actuated from any convenient motion part of the loom, which
apparatus we insert in the space formed between, the sheds or warps from which
the two pieces or widths of cloth are being woven, and to extend downwards
from the top rail of the loom and in proximity to the front heald, so as to pass
through the shed:
We take or assign to the outermost thread or end of each shed a stationary or
permanent position, which ends we thread through one on each side and at the
extreme edge of the curvilinear plate, that is the said ends are not allowed to
move by the action of the healds as is the case with the other threads of the shed.
The said stationary threads or ends, we term "selvedge threads." Between the
said stationary and horizontally situated threads, the needles, are caused to pass,
to the lower extremity of each needle is fastened the one end of a thread, or may
be threaded from a bobbin, the other or opposite end of each thread being passed
into the shed, that is-passing over the outer ends or selvedge threads and under
two or more ends nearest the outer or stationary ends-thence emerge at any
convenient fixed point situate above the surface of the cloth being woven in the
loom, which point for instance, may be on a temple, which may be used for
maintaining or drawing the selvedges or sides of the cloth in close proximity
during the process of weaving, or the said ends or the needle threads may pass
into the cloth and be woven therewith, in which latter case the needle threads
would not be secured at one end to the needles, but would be threaded through the
needles, and would be supplied from suitable cops or bobbins.
The two or more consecutive threads in each shed, nearest the outer or selvedge
threads, before referred to, are caused by means of threading or inserting the said

page_text: threads through the slot or fork behind the curvilinear plate, to impinge upon, or
when actuated by the healds, to traverse the sides of the curvilinear plate, and as a
consequence of the peculiar form of the said plate, the upper threads of the shed
are caused to assume abnormal positions, and to pass into position or space between
the needles, thus the shed threads by their movements on the side of the curvilinear
plate, are caused to be periodically withdrawn from their normal positions in the
sheds, over the stationary threads and into the space between the needles,
consequently the thread of each needle is caused to have at certain periods an
intermediate or central position with relation to the stationary or selvedge threads
and the two or more consecutive shed threads threaded through the slot of our
apparatus.
In order that our invention may be clearly understood we have reference to the
accompanying sheet of drawings, in which,
Fig. 1 is an elevation of our invention.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of our invention.
Figs. 3 & 4 are figures in detail of our invention. detached or shown in separate
parts.
Fig. 5 shews an elevation of such part of a loom as is necessary to illustrate the
application of our invention.
Fig. 6 is an elevation shewing the position of the scissors when the weft thread
is placed in position for being cut.
Fig. 7 is a view shewing the position of the weft threads when cut and acted upon
by the shed threads.
Fig. 8 is a view shewing the position of the needle threads with relation to the
selvedge threads and the shed threads.
Fig. 9 is a view shewing the position of the weft thread drawn in the space
between the selvedge threads previous to being cut.
Fig. 10 is a view drawn to an enlarged scale shewing the position of the slot in
the back plate with relation to the curvilinear portion of the front plate.
Fig. 11 is a plan shewing the position of the cutting instrument between the
selvedge threads or selvedges of the cloth.
As constructed our arrangement consists of a curvilinear plate or piece a,
behind which is situate a plate or piece b, the piece a is provided with slots or
apertures c, c and the piece is provided with a slot d, of suitable form, at any
convenient part of the front piece a, we provide a guide e, through which are
passed two perpendicularly situato wires or needles f, which needles are
connected at their upper parts with the one end of a lever g, to which a recipro-
cating motion is imparted from the motion or crank shaft of the loom, the lower
extremities of the needles being provided with eyes through each eye is threaded a
thread which passes from the bobbins i, j and passes in a convenient direction
into the shed k, see Fig. 11.
Our apparatus being conveniently attached to a bracket (, so as to be in proximity
to the front heald m, of the loom.
On the temple stand n-(the said temple being used for the purpose of drawing
the selvedges of the two pieces of cloth when woven in proximity to each other)-
we provide between the selvedges a cutting instrument, which may be a knife or
scissors o, but in the drawings herein we shew scissors as the cutting instrument to
be employed, which is attached to the spring piece p, and with which piece the
projection, on the "slay" engages, and presses the same backward or from its
normal position, when the "slay moves in direction towards the breast beam s, or
when the reed passes the weft to the cloth t, the shank o' is pulled back, in
direction indicated by arrow, see Fig. 6, the fixed piece n' being interposed
between the upper shank o' and the lower shank o² of the scissors, which causes the
Baid scissors to open, see Fig. 6. When the "slay" moves backward, or disengages
from the spring piece, the said pieco due to its elasticity causes the scissors to be
forced forward or to its normal position, see Fig. 5, and whilst moving to such
position the cutting edges of the scissors are caused to meet or close, the wet

page_text: .
thread at that time being situate between the cutting edges having been
previously passed into position by the action of the reed as before stated, is
consequently cut at the part extending across the space t', between the two
selvedges see Fig. 11.
The operation of our invention is as follows:-
"
Through cach of the eyes c, e of the plate a, is or are passed directly a thread
or threads u from the warp beam. At the time of threading the, healds, one or
more threads, n, such threads being in proximity to the outermost threads of the
two warps from which separate pieces of cloth are being woven, these threads
(outer threads) being held in a stationary position, that is the said threads are
not actuated by the healds but being threaded through the reed only the said
outer threads being the threads on which the two or twin selvedges are to be
formed, or over which the cut extremities of the weft threads are to be turned or
laid. The two or more contiguous threads of each warp being threads in proximity
to the outer threads are passed or threaded from the warp on the warp beam
through the opening d in the plate, then out on each side of the curvilinear plate
see Fig. 10, but the said threads having been previously passed through the healde,
such threads then consequently, form part of the shed, the one series of threads of
the one warp, impinging on the one side of the curvilinear plate, and the other on
the other side, see Fig. 10, consequently the said threads are caused to traverse the
sides of the curvilinear plate, such traverse or movement being effected when
actuated by the healds to the extent of the shed space or opening, such thrends as
are passed through our apparatus are consequently caused to assume certain
convenient positions viz. the threads » forming the upper part of the shed, to be
at or about the neck or contracted portion a, a sec Fig. 8, thus when the threads
are caused to traverse the extreme width of the curvilinear plate, for instance at
the point a, a see Fig. 8, and to pass to the contracted portion before named, the
said threads, e, a threaded through our apparatus are caused to periodically
and alternately assume positions on the outside, and on the inside of the selvedge
threads u, u see Figs. 7 & 8. A reference being made to Fig. 8, it will be
observed that the threads ", v, when in the position as shewn in the figure, are so
situate with relation to the stationary or selvedge threads u, u as to be 'located
within the space intervening between the said selvedge threads, which space being
the space between the two warps or selvedges of cloth in the loom, consequently
we refer to the threads when in this position, as being on the outside of the
selvedge threads u, . Whilst the threads v, v are in the position as shewn in
Fig. 8, the needles descend between the threads e, u & r, u', see Fig. 8, the needles
being adapted to move or pass into and out of the shed whilst the shed or
threads remain in the position as indicated in Fig. 8, or remain inoperative
during the movement of the needles. The needles, having descended into the
shed and below the track or path of the weft thread w, consequently on the ascent
of the needles through the space between the selvedges, the needle threads h, h
which are threaded through the needle eyes and supplied from the bobbins j, j are
caused to engage with and to lift or raise the weft thread w into the space t¹
between the selvedges, see Figs. 9 & 11, and whilst in this position the weft thread
is then cut by the scissors o in manner as before described. The weft thread being
cut, the severed ends see Fig. 7, are turned inward and over the threads",
the needle threads h, h, which latter threads pass into the cloth in a convenient
direction from the needles, and are woven into the cloth, the movement of the
threads u, v,, ', or shed then occurring, the upper threads v, v, of the shed then
passing down to and traversing the extreme width a², a² of the curvilinear plate,a,
and on to the severed ends of the weft thread, see Fig. 7,, consequently by the
action of the threads v, v,, ', or shed, or the interchange of positions,, that,is-
the lower threads of the shed passing to the contracted part a, a of the plate.,
and the upper threads passing downwards the ends of the weft thread become
then interlocked or woven into the cloth and thus the selvedges-oue on each
piece of cloth are formed.
by

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is.
1. In a twin selvedge forming apparatus, the means or method of operating or
of disposing the threads whereby certain shed threads are periodically withdrawn
from their normal position or from within the sheds to the opposite, other, or
outside of threads upon which the selvedges are to be forined, and whilst in this
relative position, the weft thread to be so operated upon so that the severed ends
of the said thread when cut shall be drawn between the shed threads and the
selvedge threads, the weft thread shall be turned or directed into the sheds and
interlocked or woven therewith by the action or movement of the threads of the
sheds passing from the outside, or from one side of the selvedge threads to the
other side as herein fully described and set forth.
2. In a twin or double selvedge forming apparatus the combination of the curvi-
linear piece or front plate a, having slots or eyes c, c', the back piece 6 having a
slot or opening d, and the vertically moving wires or needles f,, through which
pieces, & the shed threads may be so threaded as to cause during the move-
ment of the shed-a periodical movement from one side to the other of the selvedge
threads u,
u' and the weft thread 10, to be drawn between the shed threads and the
selvedge threads by the threads h, threaded through the needle eyes sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein fully set forth and described in the
drawings hereunto annexed,
3. The curvilinear plate a, substantially as and for the purposes herein fully set
forth and described in the drawings hereunto annexed.
4. The piece b having a slot d, substantially as and for the purposes herciu set
forth and described in the drawings hereunto annexed.
5. The vertically moving wires or needles, ', the threads h, h', passing from
bobbins or cops j, j substantially as and for the purposes herein fully set forth and
described in the drawings hereunto annexed.
6. The needles, through which are threaded threads h, h¹ passing from the
bobbius, in any convenient direction into the cloth, the cutting instrument or
scissors o, whereby the weft thread is drawn into and maintained in position to be
and is cut in the space between the selvedges substantially as and for the purposes
herein set forth and described in the drawings bereunto annexed.
Duand thin Ofth day of May A.D. 1892.
EDWIN ASHWORTH.
ARCHIBALD HARDWICK OLDHAM.
J. H. Butterworth,
For the Applicants.