Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 8th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 13th Apr., 1889
We, FREDERICK WALLINGTON PFANDER SWINBORNE, and LATIMER PFANDER
SWINBORNE, both of Nos. 33 & 34 St. Andrews Hill, Queen Victoria Street
London, E.C. Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
According to this invention hide or skin either raw or after it has been subjected
to the liming process commonly employed by tanners is thoroughly cleansed and
then cut into thin shreds, leaves or other forms, and is dried preferably in a current
of air.
By reason of the cutting the hide or skin can be thoroughly dried before decom-
position has time to set in, and the dry shreds, leaves or other thin cuttings will keep
for an indefinite time and can be used for cookery or other purposes in a similar way
to the gelatines and isinglasses at present employed.
When prepared in the manner above described the hide or skin contains colouring
matter and other impurities by removing the two sides of the hide or skin retaining
only the middle portion before cutting and drying it as above described a superior
product can be obtained. The cut on the hair side should be sufficiently deep_to
remove the grain and membrane, and that on the flesh side to remove the veins. By
this means the greater part of the colouring matter and other impurities are got
rid of the centre part contains practically nothing but gelatine and fibrous
material.
The cutting of the hide or skin as above described not only allows it to dry
whilst it remains sweet but it also permits a great part of the gelatine to be extracted
from it by water which is merely hot, rendering boiling unnecessary and consequently
such gelatinous matter extracted is of superior quality.
We are aware that pieces of skins and hides are dried and sold for the extraction of
gelatenous matter under the name of ". glue pieces" but owing to the size and
thickness of the pieces, they become tainted during the process of drying which
renders them entirely unfit for food and many other purposes.

page_text: We are also aware that according to the process described in the specification of a
patent granted to George Philbrick Swinborne dated the 25th day of November 1847,
No. 11975 gelatinous matter free from colouring matter or other impurities is obtained
from hide or skin by first cutting up the hide or skin into thin pieces, then treating
them with hot water and afterwards evaporating and drying the product thus obtained
being used as an article of food. In this case however the gelatinous matter contained'
in the skin or hide has of necessity to be exposed to hot water at least twice before it
comes to table in the form of jelly, soup or the like, whereby, as is well known, some
of its strength is lost, whereas the gelatinous matter obtained according to the
present invention is subjected to hot water for the first time in the process of
cooking.
أيمي
T
1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Hide or Skin to Obtain
Gelatinous Matters.
We, FREDERICK WALLINGTON PFANDER SWINBORNE and LATIMER PFANDER
SWINBORNE both of Nos. 33 & 34 St. Andrews Hill, Queen Victoria Street,
London, E.C., Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
According to this invention hide or skin is thoroughly cleansed and then cut into
thin shreds leaves or other forms, and is dried preferably in a current of air.
The cutting of the hide or skin allows the air to permeate it freely so that it can be
thoroughly dried before decomposition has time to set in, and the dry shreds, leaves
or other thin cuttings will keep for an indefinite time and can be used for cookery
or other purposes in a similar way to the gelatines and isinglasses at present
employed.
If the hide is dry or has been treated with lime or other preservative it should
be thoroughly washed before drying as above described.
Raw hide gives the best result but the process must be carried out with great care
otherwise the product will be tainted. On the other hand liming prevents decom-
position but if carried to excess is prejudicial to the product. Calf skin gives the
best result but ox and other skins may be used. The hide or skin may also be washed
after cutting.
The product obtained in the manner above described contains colouring matter and
other impurities. When we desire to obtain a superior product we remove the two
sides of the hide or skin before cutting and drying it retaining only the middle
portion. The cut on the hair side should be sufficiently deep to remove the grain and
hair roots and that on the flesh side to remove the veins and other impurities. By
this means the greater part of the colouring matter and other impurities are got rid
of the centre part contains practically nothing but gelatine and a small percentage
of fibrous material.
Hide or skin treated as last described is often thin enough to dry properly without
further reduction but if thick it should be further divided. The dry product may in
both cases be cut still smaller for example if in the form of leaves it may be desirable
to shred them before use.
In place of cutting the hide or skin it may be pounded, pressed or disintegrated but
this does not give such a good looking product.
In place of drying as above described the middle portion of the hide or skin from
which the two sides have been removed we sometimes extract the gelatinous matter
from it by treatment with hot water the solution being afterwards evaporated the
process being carried on in the manner described in the English Specification
hereinafter referred to. By this means a gelatinous product of singular purity is
obtained.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an edge view of an unhaired and fleshed skin showing the system of
cutting we prefer to adopt.
Figure 2 is an edge view of the same skin after it has been pulled or rolled out to
expose the cut surfaces to the air.
Figure 3 is an edge view of a fleshed skin with the air upon it showing the cuts
whereby the two sides are removed.
All these views are considerably magnified.
In Figures 1 and 3 a is the grain and hair roots, b is almost pure gelatine and c is
gelatinous matter more or less mixed with fat, veins, flesh &c.
As is shown in Figure 1 the cuts are made alternately on the two sides and extend
almost but not quite through, this permits of the cut hide or skin being pulled or
rolled out into a thin strip as shown in Figure 2.
It will however be understood that many other systems of cutting may be
adopted.
Although the hair is shown in Figure 3 it is evident that the process is equally
applicable to unhaired skins.
The cutting of the hide or skin as above described not only allows it to dry whilst
it remains sweet but it also permits a great part of the gelatine to be extracted from
it by water which is merely hot rendering boiling unnecessary and consequently such
gelatinous matter extracted is of superior quality..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we would state that we are
aware that pieces of skins and hides are dried and sold for the extraction of gelatinous
matter under the name of "glue pieces" but owing to the size and thickness of the
pieces, they become more or less tainted during the process of drying which renders
them entirely unfit for food and many other purposes.
We are also aware that according to the process described in the Specification of an
English Patent granted to George Philbrick Swinborne dated the 25th day of
November 1847, No. 11975, gelatinous matter free from colouring matter or other
impurities is obtained from hide or skin by first cutting up the hide or skin into
thin pieces, then treating them with hot water and afterwards evaporating and
drying, the product thus obtained being used as an article of food. In this case
however the gelatinous matter contained in the skin or hide has of necessity to be
exposed to hot water at least twice before it comes to table in the form of jelly
confectionery or the like, whereby as is well known, some of its strength is lost,
whereas the gelatinous matter obtained according to the present invention is generally
subjected to hot water for the first time in the process of cooking.
We are also aware that the same Specification described cutting up dry hide or
skin into thin pieces, then soaking the same for a long period and afterwards drying
but this process did not prove successful because the cutting of the hide before it was
cleaned caused the dirt to become firmly embedded in it and it was also found
impossible in practice to dry the thin soaked shavings whilst they remained sweet
as they stuck together and became tainted even if they had not already done so during
the lengthy washing. We lay no claim to such processes but we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The process of obtaining dry untainted gelatinous matter in a form fit for use in
the preparation of human food and for other purposes consisting in cutting or other-
wise dividing bide or skin into thin leaves or pieces and drying it thoroughly before
decomposition commences.
2. The process of obtaining dry untainted gelatinous matter in a form fit for use
in the preparation of human food and for other purposes consisting in removing the
two sides of hide or skin and drying the middle portion thoroughly before decom-
position commences.
3. The process of obtaining dry untainted gelatinous matter in a form fit for

page_text: use in the preparation of human food and for other purposes consisting in removing
the two sides of hide or skin cutting or otherwise dividing the middle portion
into thin leaves or pieces and thoroughly drying it before decomposition commences.
4. The process of obtaining dry untainted gelatinous matter in a form fit for
use in the preparation of human food and for other purposes consisting in cutting
or otherwise dividing hide or skin into thin leaves or pieces and drying it thoroughly
before decomposition commences and then cutting the dried material into smaller
pieces or shavings.
5. The process of obtaining dry untainted gelatinous matter in a form fit for
use in the preparation of human food and for other purposes consisting in removing
the two sides of hide or skin and drying the middle portion thoroughly before
decomposition commences and then cutting the dried material into smaller pieces
or shavings.
6. The process of obtaining dry untainted gelatinous matter in a form fit for use in
the preparation of human food and for other purposes consisting in removing the two
sides of hide or skin cutting or otherwise dividing the middle portion into thin leaves
or pieces and thoroughly drying it before decomposition commences and then cutting
the dried material into smaller pieces or shavings.
7. In processes such as are referred to in claims 1, 3, 4 and 6 cutting the hide or
skin in the manner shown in figure 1.
8. In processes such as are referred to in claims 1, 3, 4 and 6 cutting the hide or
skin in the manner shown in figure 1 and then pulling or rolling it out as shown in
figure 2.
9. The process of obtaining gelatinous matter in a form fit for use in the pre-
paration of human food and for other purposes consisting in removing the two sides
of hide or skin treating the middle portion either cut or uncut with hot water and
then evaporating the solution.
10. We also claim the products obtained by the above mentioned processes.
1
1
1. 1000