Improvements in Chamber-kilns.
Year: 1893

page_text: CUMFLUID DIDUIFICATION.
Improvements in Chamber-kilns.
I FREDERICK HERMANN JUNG, of Daggens Road, Daggens Road Station
via Salisbury in the County of Dorset, Chamber-kiln Builder and Brick and
Terra-cotta Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in chamber-kilns, and has for its object to
produce great heat at a minimum of expense and labour, to dry the bricks speedily
and efficiently, and to obviate the risk of staining or discolouring same during the
process of drying, and to render the output greater and the burning of the kiln
easier than heretofore.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 (Part A) shows a horizontal section of a kiln taken one foot below the
chamber floor and showing the arrangement of the flues with outlets.
Part B shows a horizontal section of a kiln taken on the floor of the chambers.
In Fig. 2 Part C shows a horizontal section of a kiln, with the heat flues and
inlets, also the outer air-opening and the heat outgoing flues. Part D shows a
horizontal section of a kiln giving a view on the top of a kiln.
Fig. 3 shows a vertical section of a kiln lengthwise, with heat-flues, main heat-
flue and outgoing flues and also the smoke-flues and other heat-flues with outlet.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section showing heat-flues and inlet running into the main
heat-flue.
Fig. 5 shows a vertical section of the kiln with the outgoing flues, the main heat-
flues with the auxiliary heat-flues and also the heat-flue dampers, smoke-flue
dampers, and fire-feeding holes.
Fig. 6 is
vertical section of the kiln on an enlarged scale, showing one smoke-
flue running into the other two sets of heat-flues and main heat-flue, feeding-holes,
heat-outgoing-flues, and heat-flue damper and smoke-flue dampers, both of the
dampers being drawn, and one of the chambers so arranged as to show cars loaded
with green bricks.
According to my invention I provide four different flue arrangements.
Firstly. The heat-flues a with outlets 6 below the floor of the chambers.
Secondly. The heat-flues e and f close to the chamber arches at the inside part of
the kiln, with inlet 9.
Thirdly. The main-heat-flues with heat-flue dampers i.
Fourthly. The beat outgoing flues b and b¹.
Each of the twenty chambers of a kiln has a separate flue system / connected
with the main heat-flue through heat-flue dampers i, and each chamber has also
an outlet in connection with the heat-flue arrangement a, below the floor of the
chambers to be either opened or closed as required.
Every chamber has one smoke-flue damper d at the end of smoke-flues c and c',
which connect, when drawn, the chambers with the main smoke-flue q and
chimney r.
The three heat-flues a below the chamber floor have a heat-outlet in the
doorways of each chamber, which, if used for drying purposes, are left open to the
respective chambers and are directed, into them, by a temporary flue, formed in
the wickets of the archways, but those outlets not in connection with the chambers,
which are under the process of drying, are closed.
The heat-flues e and f passing round the inside part of the kiln on the side of the
chamber-arches, have one outer air-opening g. Flue e runs into flue f. These heat-
flues e and fare connected with the main-heat-flue h by inlet s on one side of the
kiln and by inlet t on the other side of the kiln.

page_text: From the main-heat-flue the heat can be drawn into any chamber required, by
opening the heat-flue dampers i and smoke-flue dampers d.
The hot-air drying arrangements produce intense heat in large quantities without
any expense for fuel and labour. Such heat is obtained with having outer air
passing in flues near the hot brickwork of the kiln and such heat can be directed
into any part of the kiln and in no case is heat used from the cooling chambers
of the kiln, which would practically destroy the draught of the fire. This kiln
fulfills three distinct parts of work, each working in separate parts of the kiln,
namely:
Firstly. Overdrying of green bricks on the cutting-off boards, placed on cars as
they come from the brick machine in a plastic state, as shown in Fig. 6.
Secondly. Thorough drying of such over-dried bricks or terra-cotta ware after
being placed in the chambers.
Thirdly. Burning of the bricks etc.
The great value of this improved chamber-kiln, is firstly on account of over-
drying green bricks, as they come from the cutting-off table, the cutting-off boards
are placed on the trolleys or cars, and when the cars are loaded they are removed
into the drying chambers of the kiln, of which six chambers are reserved for that
purpose to take up the daily production. Twenty-four hours drying will dry the
bricks sufficiently, but thirty-six to forty-eight hours drying, will free them of all
moisture, no drying sheds or the like are required, the bricks are only handled
twice instead of four times, there is no exposure to the weather, and no expense
for artificial heat, nor damage to the bricks or the like through handling and
wheeling.
The kiln is secondly of great value on account of the hot-air drying systems a. b
and e. f freeing the green bricks entirely of all moisture after being set in the kiln
for burning, but not being connected with the fire, before they are entirely dried,
thus preventing staining of the goods and not allowing the smoke and refuse from
the combustion of fuel, to adhere to the surface of the goods when passing them on
the way to the chimney.
Insufficiently dried bricks etc. will, when brought in contact with the fire, begin
to steam, the surface becomes wet, and when the smoke etc., passes the goods on the
way to the chimney, it will stick to the damp surface and consequently stain and
discolour them.
Thirdly. On account of the absolute dryness of the goods, the burning of
this kiln is easier, and the output greater through the fire not having to combat
steam.
The heat-flue arrangement a under the chamber floor, has one outlet for every
chamber in the archway. In chambers where green bricks or the like are being
dried, the outlets are all directed into the wicket of the archway, terminating in
the various chambers used for drying purposes, but on the opposite part of the kiln,
where the drying of green goods takes place, one of the outlets 6 is left open to
allow outer air to enter the flue system a. On account of the floor of the chambers
being always in a very hot state, the outer air gets heated in the heat-flue system a
to a high degree, and enters the drying chambers on the floor of the chambers
farthest away from smoke flues c and c¹.
The heat-flue system e and f with opening g, is directed into the main heat-flue h,
entering it either by inlets s or t, according to the position of the fire in the kiln,
as the heated air has to be so directed into the main heat-flue to travel the
longest way in the main heat flue in order to further increase the heat in the
latter.
The main heat flue h and heat-flues e and fare built close to the chamber arches,
and on account of the arches always being very hot, the outer air entering by
opening g, into flues e and, and main heat-flue h, gets heated to a very high
degree, thus supplying an abundance of clean, dry, heat, to dry green goods on cars,
as well as to dry the bricks or the like in the chambers, before being connected
with the fire.

page_text: chambers Nos. 13 to 18 are drawn as are also the corresponding smoke-flue
dampers d. The opening g on the top of the kiln is opened whilst the outlet b of
chamber No. 5 is left open, the kiln then being in operation.
There are two shutter grooves o aud p, left in the wells of the main heat-flue h,
just behind inlets s and t, and also two grooves n and m are left in the walls of
heat-flue f, where it branches off across the kiln to run into the main heat-flue by
inlets s and t. These grooves are arranged for the following purpose:
If any of the chambers Nos. 1 to 10 are being employed for hot-air drying, the
shutter of the heat-flue fis placed in groove n and the shutter of the main heat-
flue is placed in groove o, and if any of the chambers Nos. 11 to 20 are in use for
drying, the shutter of the heat-flue f is taken out of groove n and placed into
groove m and the shutter of the main heat-flue is taken out of groove o and
placed into groove p..
Three chambers will take up the daily output of bricks on cars therefor this kiln
is constructed large enough to allow the green bricks on the cars from forty to
forty-eight hours drying.
As the fire progresses in front, the back rows of the fire are added to the cooling
chambers; bricks or the like are being drawn daily, one chamber is being filled
daily, and the hot-air drying chambers in use for the drying of green bricks on cars
and for thorough drying, are advancing too, and so the kiln is worked continuously
round.
The thorough drying chambers of the kiln are always next to the chambers in
front of the fire, but they are divided by chamber shutters.
The drying chambers for drying bricks on cars have generally one chamber
empty in front and behind, in order to do the work comfortably, therefore as
generally about one chamber will be burnt daily and one chamber will be filled
with green bricks, the last car-drying chamber must daily be left empty and another
chamber in front must be added to them, to have the full complement of chambers
at disposal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the construction of chamber-kilns, the arrangement of the heat-flues a, with
outlet b, the heat-flues e and f with opening g, on the side of the chamber-arches;
the main heat-flue with heat-flue dampers i, and inlets & and t, terminating the
heat-flues e and f in the main heat-flue h, and the outgoing flues 1, substantially as
described and illustrated.
2. The general arrangement and construction of parts together forming the whole,
substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this 7th day of October 1893.
HUGHES, SON & Co.,
38, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.