Year: 1896

page_text: I JAMES JOSEPH WHITBY, of 31 Holly Street, Dalston, Dairy Farmer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to springs for vehicles and consists in the construction
and arrangement of said springs whereby space is much economised, and great
strength combined with lightness, and ease in running, are obtained. The springs
in accordance with this invention are applicable for carts, vans, cabs, carriages,
and motor cars, as well as smaller vehicles such as milk perambulators and other
perambulators, barrows, trucks, stretchers, ambulances, and the like..
I will describe same as applied to a milk perambulator the body or frame of
which is constructed of iron tubing or barrel made to carry two milk churns, or
one churn and a crate for small cans &c. The springs to be hereinafter more
particularly described are interposed between the wheel axle and the framing or
bottom of the vehicle.
I prefer to form the springs of the vehicle in accordance with this invention of
two vertically arranged coiled or helical springs one being of a stronger construc-
tion than the other. This latter is longer than the former and extends from the
bottom of the vehicle to its bearing in such manner that it immediately takes any
weight that may be placed upon the vehicle and in consequence becomes depressed.
The first spring is made shorter than the other and upon the latter becoming
compressed to a certain extent the first spring comes into operation and helps to
bear the weight. A rod formed with a flange or plate to which it is affixed to
the bottom of the vehicle, passes through each spring and through the plates
forming the bearings for the axle. At the bottom ends of the rods are nuts
permitting of a proper adjustment of the springs and their attachments. I prefer
to place springs between said nuts and the bottom plates forming the axle bearings
to permit of greater elasticity to the vehicl
As regards a three wheeled vehicle the front wheel may be kept central upon its
axle by means of horizontal springs, one being placed on each side of the wheel and
hearing at one end against the hub of said wheel and against at other end the axle
bearings of said wheel.
1000
I JAMES JOSEPH WHITBY, of 31 Holly Street, Dalston, Dairy Farmer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
[Price 8d.1

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to springs for vehicles and consists in the construction
and arrangement of said springs whereby space is much economised, and great
strength combined with lightness and ease in running are obtained. The springs
in accordance with this invention are applicable for carts, vans, cabs, carriages,
and motor cars, as well as smaller vehicles such as milk perambulators and other
perambulators, barrows, trucks, stretchers, ambulances, and the like.
And in order that this my invention may be fully understood I will describe same
with reference to the accompanying drawings upon which as an exemplification
the springs are shewn as attached to a milk perambulator, the advantages of the
arrangement and construction of the springs as evident upon this vehicle apply
equally to all other vehicles.
Fig. 1 represents in side elevational view a milk perambulator with my
improved springs fitted thereon. Fig. 2 is an end elevation and Fig. 3 a front
elevation of the same whilst Fig. 4 shews a modification of the spring applicable
for a heavier construction of vehicle.
Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures.
a represents the body or frame of the perambulator shewn constructed of iron
tubing or barrel which may be made to carry two milk churns, or one churn band
a crate c for small cans &c. d, d, d2, are the springs to be hereinafter more
particularly described which are interposed between the wheel axle e and the
framing or bottom of the vehicle a.
As will be seen more particularly on reference to Fig. 1 I prefer to form the
springs of the vehicle of two vertically arranged coiled or helical springs the one d
being of a stronger construction than the other d. This latter is longer than the
former and extends from the bottom of the vehicle to its bearing h in such manner
that it immediately takes any weight that may be placed upon the vehicle and in
consequence becomes compressed. The spring d is made shorter than the spring d¹
and upon the latter becoming compressed to a certain extent the spring d comes
into operation and helps to bear the weight. A rod i formed with a flange or
plate to which it is affixed to the bottom of the vehicle passes through each
spring and through the plates h forming the bearings for the axle e. At the
bottom ends of the rods i are nuts k permitting of a proper adjustment of the springs
and their attachments. I prefer to place springs 7 between said nuts k and the
bottom plates h forming the axle bearings to permit of greater elasticity to the
vehicle..
As regards a three wheeled vehicle, as will be seen particularly on reference to
Fig. 3 the front wheel may be kept central upon its axle by means of horizontal
springs m, one being placed on each side of the wheel and bearing at one end
against the hub of said wheel and against at other end the axle 'bearings of said
wheel.
In the modification shewn in Fig. 4 applicable for heavy vehicles a stouter
spring n is shewn as being employed which is affixed between the rods i carrying
the bearings for the wheel axle. As a load is placed upon the vehicle the spring
becomes compressed and takes the weight, the rods i attached to the bottom of the
vehicle freely passing through the bearing plates has the vehicle is lowered upon
receiving the weight.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In vehicles the springs constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn."
2. In vehicles the vertically arranged coiled or helical springs d d d in
combination with the rods i attached to bottom of the vehicle, and the axle

page_text: bearings hall constructed and operating substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described and shewn in the drawings.
Dated this 17th day of May 1897.
HUGHES, SON & Co.,
38 Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.