Improvements in Destructors or Apparatus for Treating Refuse.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Dec.; 1888
Complete Specification Left, 6th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 30th Nov:, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Destructors or Apparatus for Treating Refuse.
We, JOHN WILKINSON, of the Interception Department, Montague Street Wharf,
Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Engineer, and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of
Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-:
This invention has for object improvements in furnaces or apparatus for treating
refuse, and has reference to means or arrangements by which refuse, which burns
with difficulty may be dried or incinerated and the vapours it gives off consumed
or inflamed by aid of cheap fuel or of the. more combustible portions of the
refuse.
An apparatus for treating refuse according to this invention has three grates or
hearths, on two of which there is spread refuse relatively difficult of combustion while
on the third there is fuel or refuse relatively easy of combustion.
For the sake of clearness we will call these grates respectively "refuse grates"
and "fuel grate." The fuel grate lies between and parallel to the two refuse grates.
Each grate is arched over with brickwork, through which there is an opening
furnished with a lid or door and each has also an ash pit beneath it, and a door
opening on to it. At the end of each refuse grate there is a bridge of perforated
brickwork giving access for the vapours and products of combustion from the refuse
to a horizontal fue running across the ends of all three grates. The fuel grate
also opens on the flue, but in this case there is no perforated brickwork but in
its place there is a damper. At the other, or front end of the fuel grate there is
a screen of perforated brick work affording communication to a vertical flue which
joins into a main or suction below. This suction flue is joined by a short
vertical branch with the central portion of the horizontal flue at the ends of the
grates.
By means of dampers this vertical branch flue can be shut off from any or all of
the grates. Supposing the furnace to be in action the method of its operation is as
follows:-
On the centre or fuel grate there is a bright fire burning, while the refuse grates
are covered with smouldering material. The vapour and gases from the refuse
grates pass through the bridges of perforated brickwork into the horizontal flue;
they then are drawn over the fuel grate, where they are completely burnt, and
flow, with the gases from the relatively more combustible refuse, through the per-
forated brickwork screen, and down the vertical flue into the suction or chimney
flue. If the fire or the fuel grate should become damped by this process it can
be roused by temporarily shutting off the gases from the refuse grates, and
admitting air to it through the ash pit or through the furnace door.
The office of the perforated brickwork bridges or screens is to store up heat which
is again given off to the gases should the fire be checked.
By aid of the dampers the draught at the various grates may be differently modified.
For instance all three grates can be connected at their ends remote from the door to
the suction flue; or the two refuse grates may be connected to the suction flue
at the remote end, while the fuel grate is connected to it at the front end; or the
refuse grates may be cut off from the suction flue entirely, or connected to it through
the furnace of the fuel grate.
תנית
011 1
CD 1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Destructors or Apparatus for Treating Refuse.
We, JOHN WILKINSON, of the Interception Department, Montague Street Wharf,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer, and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT,
of Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has for object improvements in destructor furnaces or apparatus
for treating refuse, and has reference to means or arrangements by which refuse,
which burns with difficulty may be dried or incinerated and the vapours it gives off
be consumed or inflamed by aid of cheap fuel or of the more combustible portion of
the refuse.
An apparatus for treating refuse according to this invention has three grates or
hearths, on two of which there is spread refuse relatively difficult of combustion while
on the third there is fuel or refuse relatively easy of combustion.
For the sake of clearness we will call these grates respectively "refuse grates'
and "fuel grate." The fuel grate lies between and parallel to the two refuse grates.
Each grate is arched over with brick work, through which there is an opening
furnished with a lid or door and each has also an ash pit beneath it, and a door
opening on to it. At the rear end of each refuse grate there is a bridge of perforated
brickwork giving access for the vapours and products of combustion from the refuse
to a horizontal flue running across the ends of all three grates. The fuel grate also
opens to the flue, but in this case there is no perforated brickwork but in its place
there is a damper. At the other, or front end of the fuel grate there is a screen of
perforated brickwork affording communication to a vertical flue which joins into a
main or suction flue. This suction flue is connected by a short vertical flue to the
central portion of the horizontal flue at the ends of the grates. By means of dampers
this vertical branch flue can be shut off from any or all of the grates.
The office of the perforated brickwork bridges or screens is to store up heat when
the fires are burning briskly which heat can be again given off to the gases should the
fires be checked.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings,
Fig. 1 is a front view of a furnace or apparatus according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan.
Fig. 3 is a section in the line G H of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a section in the line E F of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a section.in the line CD of Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a section in the line A B of Fig. 2.
1 is the fuel grate; 2 and 3 are refuse grates arranged one at each side of the fuel
grate. Over each grate is a charging opening 4 with door or cover 5 and there
is a vertical sliding door 6 at the front of each grate. 7 is the ash-pit of the
fuel grate it may be closed or partially closed by a vertical door 8, arranged to
slide horizontally. The ashpits 8, 8 of the refuse grates are open. 9 is a horizontal
'flue running behind the three grates; it is divided into three sections longitudinally
by two transverse vertical dampers 10, 10. 11 is another vertical damper by which
the communication between the fuel grate and flue 9 can be controlled. The hori-
zontal flue 9 is connected by a vertical flue 12 with a main suction flue 13 that
communicates with a chimney. 14* is a horizontal damper by which communication
between the flue 9 and suction flue 13 can be cut off when desired.
10 10 are dampers by opening which the parts of the flues 9 communicating with
the spaces above the refuse grates, can be placed in communication with the flue 12
and suction flue 13 when necessary.. 14, 15 and 16 are screens or bridges of per-
forated brickwork. The central one 14 is arranged at the front of the fuel grate and
affords communication between the space above such grate and a vertical flue 17

page_text: which at its lower end joins the suction flue 13 (see Fig. 6). The outer screens
or bridges 15 and 16 are arranged at the rear ends of the refuse grates and
afford communication between the spaces above these grates and the horizontal
fluc 9.
By aid of the dampers 10, 10 and 11 the draught at the various grates may
he differently modified. For instance the spaces above all three grates can be con-
nected at their ends remote from the doors to the suction flue 13, or the spaces above
the two refuse grates 2 and 3 may be connected to the suction flue 13 at the rear end,
while the space above the fuel grate is connected to it at the front end; or the spaces
above the refuse grates may be cut off from the suction flue entirely, or connected to
it through the space above the fuel grate.
Supposing the furnace or apparatus to be in action the method of its operation is as
follows:-
On the centre or fuel grate 1 there is a bright fire burning, while the refuse
grates 2, 3 are covered with smouldering material. The vapour and gases from the
refuse grates pass through the bridges 15, 16 of perforated brickwork into the hori-
zontal Hue 9 the dampers 10, 10, and 14* being closed; and the dumpers 10, 10,
and 11 open; the gases are then drawn over the fuel grate, where they are completely
burnt, and they flow, with the gases from the relatively more combustible refuse on
such grate, through the perforated brickwork 14 and down the vertical flue 17 into
the suction or chimney flue 13. If the fire on the fuel grate should become damped
by this process, it can be roused by temporarily shutting off the gases from the refuse
grates, and admitting air to it through the ash pit or through the furnace door but
usually this will not he necessary as the fire on the fuel grate will ordinarily be bright
when the furnace or apparatus is in use.
By arranging the refuse grates at the sides of the fuel grate, the walls at the sides
of these grates will be heated in consequence of the temperature of the fire on the
fuel grate being much greater than that on the refuse grate. The heating and
combustion of the smouldering material on the refuse grates will consequently. be
assisted by the fire on the fuel grate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a destructor furnace or apparatus for treating refuse, the combination of three
grates namely two for burning refuse relatively difficult of combustion, and a third
for burning fuel or refuse relatively easy of combustion, a chimney flue, and means by
which the gases and vapours from the two first mentioned grates can be caused
at will to pass over the last mentioned grate, or into the chimney flue, substantially as
described.
2. The improved destructor furnace or apparatus for treating refuse, constructed,
arranged and operating substantially as described with reference to the drawings
annexed.
Dated this 6th day of September 1889.
W. LLOYD WISE.
Per F. J. Brougham,
Agent for the Applicants.