IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING MEASURING AND RECORDING THE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE AND VOLUME OF FLUIDS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING MEASURING AND RECORDING THE PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE AND VOLUME OF FLUIDS" communicated to him from Henry
Louis Joseph Parenty, a person resident at Châteauroux in the Republic of
France, Engineer,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1883.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING MEASURING AND
RECORDING THE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE AND VOLUME OF FLUIDS." A communi-
cation to me from Henry Louis Joseph Parenty a person resident at Châteauroux
in the Republic of France Engineer
This Invention has for its object regulating measuring and recording the pressure
and volume or quantity of fluids with facility and precision by the employment of
means or apparatus constructed and arranged as hereinafter more fully described.
For regulating the pressure an apparatus acting as a manometer is employed
being constructed with two vessels of the same sectional area connected by a siphon
or by a straight tube according to the degree of pressure to be dealt with so as to
enable one of the said vessels to move vertically relatively to the other without
friction-One vessel is open to the atmosphere the other is closed and traversed by
the fluid. The moveable vessel is suspended from the beam of a balance or ita
equivalent and is balanced by means of a counterweight for a given weight or level
of the liquid which it contains.
Every reduction or increase of pressure produces a corresponding variation in
the weight of the moveable vessel and this variation is made use of to act upon
and regulate the admission of fluid to the interior or may be simply measured and
recorded. In the pressure regulator hereinafter termed the mano-regulator the
inlet valve is rigidly connected to the moveable vessel and these two parts rise and
fall with the slightest variations in the pressure of the fluid.

page_text: For regulating the delivery or quantity the passage for the fluid is contracted at
a certain joint so as to produce a perceptible reduction of pressure. The delivery
obtained by the following formula viz :—D = A w √ (H. – H₁) results from the
difference between the pressures above and below the contraction.
-
In order to form an apparatus for regulating and measuring pressure and volume
hereinafter termed the manodelivery regulator a manoregulator is employed and
the beam instead of carrying a counterweight is connected to the moveable vessel
of a second manoregulator not provided with a valve.
The fluid is admitted by the valve to the first mano-regulator flows through the
contracted section and through the second manoregulator and then along the
conduit. Thus the balance is exposed to a differential action which may be
compensated for by placing an adjustable weight on one arm of the beam. When
the equilibrium is established all variations in the difference between the pressures
and consequently in the delivery produce a vertical movement of the valve and an
oscillation of the beam. The delivery is thus regulated by this duplex apparatus
which works under the same conditions. as the single acting apparatus and by
causing the oscillations of the beam to be communicated to suitable indicating and
recording apparatus the pressure and volume delivered may be indicated and
registered. From the formula D Aw (H. H₁) may be obtained a process
reading off the quantity delivered by means of a certain number of manometers
suitably arranged. The method hereinafter described based on principle referred
to in the preceding paragraph is applicable to measuring both pressures and the
quantities.
-
The valve controlling the admission of fluid to the manoregulator or to the
mano-delivery regulator is removed. The equilibrium of the balance is effected by
variations or fluctuations corresponding to the variations or Suctuations of pressure
or quantity. And the extent of these variations or fluctuations may be measured
by observing the position of the pointer of the balance or by recording the pressure
or the delivery that is to say the quantities delivered during a given period and
ascertaining the exact mean pressure or volume supplied by causing the pointer of
a dial registering apparatus to move with a speed exactly in proportion to the
pressure or quantities indicated by the pointer of the scale beam.
The theory herein before explained is applied in practice to measuring regulating
and registering or recording the pressure and volume of fluids in the manner
hereinafter described.
The apparatus for regulating pressure and quantity are all constructed on the
same principle. The modifications in the details of construction peculiar to each
apparatus are connected with the moveable vessel (external or internal level) with
the nature of the liquid (water or mercury) employed in the manometers and with
the means employed for transmitting the movements of the internal valve to the
mechanism arranged on the exterior without loss of power or friction of solids.
Apparatus for regulating the pressure of water are constructed with a stationary
circular vessel surrounded by a moveable annular vessel and communicating
therewith by means of a siphon. Whenever the level of liquid rises, in the two
communicating vessels the consequent increase of weight causes a valve attached
to the frame supporting the moveable vessel to tend to close the orifice of the pipe
which supplies the water or liquid. The water supply pipe extends to and rises
vertically in the centre of the apparatus and the fixed support of a scale beam as
well as the inner leg of a siphon hereinafter described are supported by a suitable
frame or base. This leg of the siphon communicates with a chamber provided
for the purpose of maintaining the siphon primed when the vessel is emptied. An
outlet tube branches directly from the side of the stationary vessel.
The moveable vessel is suspended by vertical rods connected to a moveable frame
suspended. from knife edges on the end of the scale beam. The bottom of the
moveable vessel is also provided with a chamber containing the outer leg of the
siphon.
The valve hereinbefore referred to is fixed underneath the moveable frame and

page_text: consists of a cylindrical cap the closed end of which is lined with a plate of india
rubber. The arrangements for priming the siphon are hereinafter described.
The internal vessel may be rendered moveable and the action of the apparatus
inverted. This arrangement necessitates a special hydraulic joint which may be
readily arranged for the purpose of enabling the inlet pipe to pass through the
bottom of the moveable vessel without loss of liquid. In apparatus in which
absolute precision is not essential a spring balance supporting the moving parts or
a pulley and counterweight may be substituted for the beam.
According to a similar arrangement applicable to lighting gas for example the
central vessel is covered by an inverted vessel or bell for the gas. The valve is
connected to a ring supported by vertical rods passing through metal tubes open
to the atmosphere and descending below the level of the water. For the purpose of
priming the siphons a small inverted siphon is employed one leg of which opens
at the upper part of the large siphon the other leg being open to the atmosphere.
The bend of this siphon is lower than the lowest level of water in the apparatus.
The same result may be obtained by means of a pipe descending to the closed end
of a larger pipe in one of the legs of the main siphon the open end of the large pipe
being situate in the bend of the said main siphon. The air is sucked out through
these pipes which thus serve to prime the said siphon.
The apparatus is connected with a gas supply pipe arranged in an analogous
manner to the water supply pipe herein before described and with an overflow pipe
which may be opened externally when the apparatus is being regulated. A frame
attached to the upper part of the gas holder supports the mechanism of the balance.
The gas holder is in the form of an inverted flask the neck of which enters the
stationary vessel but the cylindrical side surface is prolonged to the base in order
to prevent evaporation of the liquid in the moveable annular vessel. This vessel
is similar to the one hereinbefore described and is suspended by rods passing
through pipes soldered to the horizontal ends of the gas holder.
In place of the annular vessel herein before described an internal moveable vessel
may be so arranged as to rise and close the valve whenever the pressure is increased.
In order to establish a fixed level in the manometer the pressure of the Gas is
taken off and an excess of water is poured in which flows through a small siphon
fixed to the moveable vessel.
Directly the proper level is reached this siphon empties itself automatically and
ceases to act. To the end of the stationary vessel is affixed an open tube establishing
the communication for the manometer a cylindrical chamber of suitable dimensions
to receive the ends of this tube being in like manner attached to the end of the
moveable vessel. The edge or rim of the stationary vessel is soldered to the
upper end of a gas holder and the said vessel communicates with the atmosphere
through a central opening formed in this end.
The moveable vessel is suspended from the beam of the balance by a single rod'
being rigidly connected to this rod and also to the valve by means of a triangular
support sustaining the moveable vessel at the centre and at the sides and connected
to the valve by pendent rods. In this apparatus the inlet or supply pipe is fixed
to an intermediate support connected to the frame of the balance by vertical rods.
According to another arrangement the two vessels are simply composed of
cylinders without attachments for the communication. By reducing the diameter
of the vessels a bydraulic seal is obtained which enables motion to be readily
transmitted to the interior of a chamber filled with gas.
A similar arrangement may be employed to control the flow of water at medium.
pressure. Compressed air is employed to transmit the pressure of the water
distributed in the manometer. The inlet pipe may be connected to the lower or to
the upper frame.
In the case of steam and water at high pressure a moveable tube sliding
telescopically over a stationary tube closed at its upper end is employed both tubes
being provided with perforations which allow the fluid to pass when the said
perforations coincide.

page_text: The sliding tube is suspended from one end of a lever provided with a counter-
weight and is connected to this lever by a rod carried through a tube filled with
mercury. The lower end of the said tube is immersed in mercury exposed to the
pressure of the steam and contained in a vessel provided on the upper extremity of
the sliding tube so as to form a seal and obviate the necessity for a stuffing box,
the height of the column of mercury being so calculated as to enable it to balance
the pressure of the steam,
This arrangement is an equivalent for the valve arrangement employed in the
apparatus hereinbefore described. This apparatus is provided with the necessary
safety valve and accessories, a manhole when steam is to be dealt with and a
compressed air chamber in the case of water.
The mano regulator appartus herein before described may be converted into a
mano-delivery regulator by combining it with a second apparatus of similar
construction but not containing a valve. The two moveable vessels are balanced
for a given average delivery by means of either a regulator valve which is operated
so as to contract the passage to an extent corresponding to a given delivery or by
means of a counterweight. The horizontal section of the vessels of the mano-
regulator which does not contain a valve may be diminished in a certain proportion
by lengthening the corresponding arm of the lever so as to compensate for the
reduction of section. From one extremity of the balance may be suspended a disc
dividing the vessel containing gas into two chambers by means of a hydraulic seal.
The contracted section or area of the passage may be formed by means of an
opening in the disc capable of being more or less covered by a sliding plate or
bolt. The two chambers may also be connected by means of a conduit of any
suitable form provided with a regulating valve for the purpose of obtaining the
necessary contraction.
The apparatus hereinafter described enables the volume delivered to be ascertained
at a glance at all times and enables the supply to be regulated according to the
demand.
By means of this apparatus the quantities corresponding to the degree of opening
of a valve interposed in the conduit may be read off immediately on a manometer
scale. This valve is followed by a section of the conduit provided with a vertical
glass tube and terminating in an orifice of contracted area. This apparatus may
be arranged below a second valve preceding a second manometer. For a given open
position of the first valve the level on the first manometer scale will be very low
and that on the second or supplementary scale will be near the top of the scale.
The part below or beyond the supplementary manometer becomes an unvarying
orifice the delivery from which is controlled by the valve placed above and is
measured by the level in the corresponding manometer.
The reduction of pressure resulting from a contraction of the passage produces a
definite influence on the quantity delivered.
Two differential manometers may be employed being provided with a scale
capable of shifting vertically so as to enable the lower level to be taken in the first
instance. This apparatus is graduated according to the quantity delivered.
In order to render this arrangement applicable to pressure and quantities the
valve regulating the admission of fluid to the mano-regulator and mano delivery
regulator is removed; the equilibrium of the balance then corresponds to the
pressure or quantity delivered.
Apparatus for measuring pressure and quantity may be constructed with a steel
yard balance. The weight is moved along the arm of the balance until the
equilibrium is established the indications on the arm corresponding to this position
of the weight are then read off.
The apparatus may be constructed to give the required indications by means of
a pointer or needle. In this case the equilibrium of the parts is not adjusted but
the angle of deflection of the beam is observed. This angular motion is multiplied
by means of gearing so as to enable the graduated scale indicating the pressure
and quantity to be extended around a circumference.

page_text: The indication of pressure and quantity afforded by the apparatus lastly herein-
before described may be registered by causing the unit pointer of a dial register
to move at a rate exactly proportioned to the pressure and quantity indicated. In
the carrying out this arrangement a disc rotating at a uniform speed is caused to
perform say one revolution in one hour. A small roller whose circumference is
tangential to the plane of the disc is capable of sliding longitudinally upon its
axis which intersects at right angles the axis of rotation of the disc and the axis
of rotation of the indicating needle of the apparatus lastly herein before described-
The point of contact of the roller is thus enabled to move in a radial direction
over the surface of the disc when the latter is stationary. When the disc rotates
it imparts rotary or angular motion to the roller which is pressed against the
surface of the disc by a small spring and this rotary motion is in proportion to
the length of the radius of the circle of contact. In the same vertical plane, as
the axis of the roller is provided a cam turning on the axis of the pointer the
curve of this cam being obtained by marking off from a primary circle lengths of
radii corresponding to the indications of the said pointer. A point on the axis
of the roller and rigidly connected to the roller is maintained constantly in contact
with this curve. The units of the dial register are thus indicated by the roller;
after the lapse of one hour it will have registered the medium pressure and average
delivery. On the expiration of any given period of time the average pressure
may be ascertained by dividing the indications given by the dial by the time or
the volume supplied may be read off directly.
.t
The mano registering apparatus and the mano delivery registering apparatus
may be of small dimensions and mercury may be employed in the vessels. It is
evident that in all these apparatus in which the reading depends upon the
angles of deflection of the pointer and of the beam the centre of gravity of
the beam or lever must be sufficiently low to bring these angles within the proper
limits.
This apparatus may be employed to register atmospheric pressure and mean
temperature by means of the variations in the weight of vessels containing
mercury communicating with a barometer or a thermometer. The barometric
tube is provided at its upper part with an enlargement of an area equal to the
annular section of the level exposed to atmospheric pressure. The body of the
thermometer is formed by a vessel presenting a large surface in order to obtain
rapid and accurate indications.

page_text: '
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th October 1883.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING MEASURING AND
RECORDING THE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE AND VOLUME OF FLUIDS" a communi-
cation to me from Henry Louis Joseph Parenty a person resident at Châteauroux
in the Republic of France Engineer
This Invention relates to regulating measuring and registering or recording the
pressure temperature and volume of fluids by means of a combination of devices
arranged and operating as hereinafter explained-The quantity of fluid passing
through a conduit may be controlled by regulating the pressure at two points in a
constant section of the conduit. In practice it is sometimes sufficient to regulate
the pressure at one point only, the quantity of fluid delivered will then fluctuate
within certain limits according to the variations in the demand. This consideration
has led to the evolution of part of the present Invention and the apparatus
employed in accordance therewith to regulate the pressure at this one point is
hereinafter termed a mano-regulator. The pressure at the second point may also
be regulated and the delivery will be controlled with absolute precision. In
practice this result is obtained by the combination of two_manoregulators in one
apparatus hereinafter termed a mano-delivery regulator. By dispensing with the
regulating valve of these two apparatus an indicator is obtained whose variations
may be read off and registered. For regulating pressure an apparatus acting as
a manometer is employed being constructed with two vessels of the same sectional
area connected by a syphon or otherwise (according to the degree of pressure to be
dealt with) so as to enable one of the said vessels to move vertically relatively to
the other without friction. One vessel is open to the atmosphere the other is closed
to the atmosphere and open to the fluid. The moveable vessel is suspended from
the beam of a balance or its equivalent and is balanced by suitable means such as
a counterweight for a given weight or level of the liquid which it contains. Every
reduction or increase of pressure in the stationary vessel produces a corresponding
variation in the weight of the moveable vessel and this variation is utilised as
motive power to act upon and regulate the flow of fluid or to operate suitable
indicating and registering or recording apparatus. In the pressure regulator
bereinafter termed the mano-regulator the regulating valve is caused to move with
the moveable vessel and these two parts are simultaneously affected by the slightest
variations in the pressure of the fluid.
For regulating the delivery or quantity the passage for the fluid is contracted at
a certain point so as to produce a perceptible reduction of pressure beyond that
point. My foreign correspondent states that the rate of delivery obtained by the
following formula videlicit D=Aw H.-H, results from the difference between
the pressures above and below the contraction.
In order to form an apparatus for measuring indicating and recording pressure
and volume bereinafter termed a manodelivery regulator, a mano regulator is
employed and the beam supporting the moveable vessel instead of carrying a
counter weight is connected to the moveable vessel of a second mano-regulator
not provided with a regulating valve. The fluid admitted by the valve to the first
manoregulator flows through the contracted section and through the second mano-
regulator and then along the conduit. Thus the balance is exposed to a differential
action which may be controlled by placing an adjustable weight on one arm of the
beam. When the equilibrium is established all variations in the difference
between the pressure and consequently in the delivery produce a movement of the

page_text: valve and an oscillation of the beam. The delivery is thus regulated by this
duplex apparatus which works under the same conditions as the single acting
apparatus In-place of employing the two similar vessels of two separate apparatus
to indicate the reduction of pressure the result, may be obtained by means of a
differential manometer with one vessel the levels of the liquid being exposed to
the action of two pressures corresponding to the rate of delivery as hereinafter
explained.
Having thus indicated in general terms the method of regulating the pressures
and the volumes or deliveries I will now describe the operations of indicating and
registering or recording the pressure and volume or delivery. These operations
are performed as hereinafter explained by the aid of manometers and manodelivery
indicators and counters. Manometers or apparatus for indicating pressure are
well known and are employed to indicate pressure with great accuracy. Reasoning
by analogy from the formula as given me by my foreign correspondent viz. D=A
w (H,H) may be obtained a process for reading off the quantity delivered
by means of a certain number of manometers suitably arranged-The method
hereinafter described based on the principle referred to in the preceding Paragraph
is applicable to measuring both pressures and the quantities.
The valve controlling the admission of fluid to the manoregulator or to the
manodelivery regulator being removed, the equilibrium of the balance being thus
rendered unstable is affected by variations or fluctuations corresponding to the
variations or fluctuations of pressure or volume and the extent of these variations
or fluctuations.may be measured either by weighing or by a dial or other suitable
indicator or by recording the pressure of the, delivery that is to say the quantity
delivered during a given period and ascertaining the exact mean pressure or volume
of the fluid by causing the pointer of a dial registering apparatus to move with a
speed exactly in proportion to the pressure or quantities indicated by the pointer
of the scale beam connected to the moveable vessel. Taking into consideration the
relatively small dimensions of the removing part the required indications may also
be obtained by employing a pulley balanced by a constant counterweight with
variable force as hereinafter described.
The theory hereinbefore explained is applied in practice to measuring regulating
and registering or recording the pressure and volume of fluids in the manner
hereinafter described.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding figures.
The said description is divided into two parts. Part I relates to regulating or
controlling pressure and quantity and part 2 relates to arrangements for indicating
and registering or recording pressure and volume or quantity.
PART 1. REGULATING PRESSURE AND QUANTITY.
1. The manoregulators or apparatus for regulating pressure are all constructed
on the same general principle. The modifications in the details of construction
peculiar to each apparatus are connected with the moveable vessel (external or
internal level) with the nature of the liquid (water or mercury) employed in the
manometers and with the means employed for transmitting motion without
friction or loss of power, from the external mechanism to the valve in the space
containing the liquid or fluid.
Figure 1 is an elevation figure 2 a plan and figure 3 a vertical section taken
along the line 1-2 figure 2 of a liquid regulator or mano-regulator illustrating the
general principle of this part of the Invention. This apparatus is capable of
performing all the functions of a water level regulator with regard to the regulating
of deliveries and by reason of its small dimensions may be applied above any group
of delivery orifices thereby preventing all strains on the pipes from fluctuations in

page_text: the internal pressure on the main conduit A stationary circular vessel A is
surrounded by a moveable annular vessel B and communicates therewith by means
of a siphon C. Whenever the level of liquid rises in these two communicating
vessels a horizontal india rubber valve D attached to the frame supporting the
annular vessel tends to close the orifice of a pipe E which supplies the water or
liquid.
The two vessels A and B are constructed of thin metal the sides being about one
twenty fifth of an inch thick and the bottoms about twice that thickness. The
stationary vessel A is secured by bolts F¹ to a suitable cast iron base or foot F and
the apparatus communicates with the conduit through a tube I which enters hori-
zontally through the cylindrical sides of the vessel A and extends to the centre
where it joins the vertical pipe E figure 3. The fixed support f' of a scale beam f
and the inner leg of the syphon C are also connected to the base F. This leg of
the syphon terminates in a plate H by which the syphon is secured in position and
communicates by means of an orifice G with a small cylindrical chamber or
vessel H² provided for the purpose of maintaining the syphon primed when the
vessels are emptied. An outlet tube K communicates with the interior of the
stationary vessel A.
The moveable vessel B is suspended by pendent rods g connected to a moveable
support or frame h. This support is suspended on knife edges f¹ at the end of the
scale beam f which is provided at its opposite extremity with an adjustable
counterweight W. The bottom of the moveable vessel B is provided with a small
cylindrical chamber i similar to the vessel H¹ and containing the extremity of the
outer leg of the syphon. This chamber is balanced by a corresponding weight
attached to the opposite side of the vessel B.
The valve D is fixed underneath the triangular support h and is provided with a
cylinder D' the closed end of which is lined with a plate of india rubber forming
the valve proper
The inlet orifice for the liquid may be formed by a piece of glass melted and
suitably manipulated or a metallic valve with a conical seat could be used These
arrangements are very durable and may be applied to all the apparatus hereinafter
described. The stroke of the valve is preferably not more than about three
sixteenths of an inch on either side of the middle position or position of
equilibrium. The syphon may be readily primed by means of a small tube having
two bends and leading from the top of the syphon down to a point below the
lowest level of water in the apparatus and opening at a point above the highest
level of the same. When primed this tube forms a perfect hydraulic seal
If preferred the circular internal vessel may be rendered moveable and the action
of the apparatus inverted-This arrangement necessitates a special hydraulic joint
which may be readily arranged for the purpose of enabling the inlet pipe to pass
through the bottom of the moveable vessel without loss of liquid
A spring balance supporting the moving parts or a pulley and counterweight
may in certain cases be substituted for the balance beam f
This apparatus in addition to being applicable to obtaining a constant level for
various purposes has the effect of entirely obviating all strain of internal pressure
from whatever cause on the conduits. It may with great advantage be placed
above any group of delivery orifices on one floor for example, and by preventing
any danger of bursting the pipes from the sudden closing of the outlets, enables the
specially constructed cocks or valves heretofore employed for preventing such
sudden closing to be dispensed with.
Any increase or diminution of pressure in the conduit communicating with the
tubes I and E produce a corresponding rise or fall of the level of liquid in the
vessels A and B causing the latter to move vertically and operate the valve D. An
increase of pressure is attended with an increase in the weight of the vessel B
which consequently tends to close the valve D and a decrease of pressure by
lightening the load of the vessel B tends to open the said valve. The pressure of
the liquid in the pipe K is thus automatically regulated:

page_text: Figure 4 is a vertical section taken along the line 3-4 figure 5 and figure 5 a
plan of a similar arrangement applicable to gas such as lighting gas for example.
In this case the central vessel A is covered by an inverted vessel or bell, B2, for
the gas.
A gas holder or vessel B³ containing the internal level of the manometer is
secured to a base F of cast iron. The bottom of the stationary vessel A and the
base F support a pipe I' for supplying the gas (which pipe is similarly arranged to
the pipe I herein before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3) and also
carry an overflow pipe F2 which may be opened externally when the apparatus is
being regulated. The support of the balance beam f is carried by a frame h
attached to the upper part of the gas holder B³.
The gas holder B2 may be said to resemble an inverted flask the neck of which
enters the stationary vessel A but the cylindrical side surface is prolonged at B³ to
the base F in order to prevent evaporation of the liquid in the moveable annular
vessel B. This vessel is similar to the one hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1, 2 and 3, being suspended by rods g passing through metal pipes g².
connecting the ends of the gas holder as shewn in Figure 4.
The valve D consists of a disc or plate d of india rubber secured between a
disc d' and a ring d³ of metal supported by three vertical rods 9 which connect
them to three arms g' formed on a ring g³ immersed in the liquid contained in the
stationary vessel A. This ring is rigidly connected to the moveable vessel B by
means of three rods go fixed to the frame h and passed through tubes g' soldered to
the upper end of the gas holder and open at their lower extremity to the liquid in the
stationary vessel A.
The total stroke of the valve is preferably limited as in the other apparatus
constructed according to this Invention to about three eighths of an inch.
In order to obviate the oscillations which are liable to be produced when working
this gas regulating apparatus it is advisable to place at the extremities of the two
legs of the syphon small valves consisting of washers of thin or leaf metal per-
forated with a hole one fifth of an inch in diameter. These valves which are
perfectly free to move rest upon crossed copper wires and do not act when there is but
slight difference in the pressures of the liquids in the two vessels but when an abnormal
variation is produced the valves are pressed to their seats and momentarily reduce
the delivery to that of the valve orifices. For the same reason it is desirable to
prevent the moveable annular vessel from oscillating on its axis by attaching four
vertical projections or feathers to the sides of the said vessel. These projections
are arranged in the same plane as the beam and work upon two antifriction rollers
which may be adjusted from the exterior by means of a screw and spring in order
to produce a slight pressure.
In order to fill and regulate the apparatus atmospheric pressure is established
inside the gas holder the valve D is closed by being placed in contact with the
inlet pipe E and secured in that position by means of a screw h³ acting on the
beam of the balance. Somewhat more than sufficient water to prime the syphon
is then poured into the apparatus through a funnel with a long stem and the
excess afterwards drawn off by opening the overflow F2 until the discharge ceases.
When the apparatus is working normally the position of the counterweight
corresponding to the desired pressure as indicated by a manometer placed beyond
the apparatus, is ascertained.
In Figure 4 is shewn an equivalent arrangement to the priming or counter
syphon herein before described consisting of a tube 63 extending downwards into a
tube 6 placed in one of the legs of the syphon C. This tube enables air or gas to
be drawn out of the syphon by suction.
According to the modification illustrated in Figures 6 the vessel B is made
of a cylindrical form and is arranged underneath the vessel A with which it
communicates in the manner hereinafter explained.
The vessels are circular and to the bottom of the stationary vessel A is affixed
an open tule a establishing the communication for the manometer, a cylindrical

page_text: chamber b of suitable dimensions to receive the end of this tube being in like
manner provided in the bottom of the moveable vessel B. The stationary vessel A
is attached to the upper end of a gas holder B' and communicates with the
atmosphere through a central opening B formed in this end of the gasholder.
The moveable vessel B is suspended from the beam f of the balance by a central
rod g being rigidly connected to this rod and also to the valve D by means of a
frame h connected by rods go to a ring g similar to that hereinbefore described
with reference to Figures 4 and 5.
As it is not possible with this arrangement to attach the inlet tube E directly
to the gas holder B³ the said inlet or supply tube is supported by a triangular
frame or support E' suspended inside the gas holder B by pendent rods E3
connected to the stationary frame 2 of the balance.
According to another arrangement illustrated in Figure 7 the two vessels A
and B are simply composed of cylinders, the tube a and chamber b Figure 6 being
dispensed with. It is necessary in this case for the moveable vessel to present
twice the area of the stationary vessel which as shewn may be formed with a
closed top having an opening B³ in the centre. The vessel B may be prevented
from oscillating on its axis by means of a rod sliding in an eye or guide arranged
in the orifice B³.
In order to establish the level of the liquid in the vessel B (Figures 4 and 6)
the pressure of the gas is taken off, the valve D is jammed against its seat, and an
excess of water is poured into the vessel B through a tube b¹ Figure 4. The excess
is then drawn off by a syphon 62, Figure 6, which when the proper level is reached,
' empties itself automatically and ceases to act.
Figure 8 is a vertical section illustrating a modification of the apparatus herein-
before described and suitable for controlling the flow of water at medium pressure.
In this case the pressure of the water is transmitted to the moveable vessel B by
means of compressed air contained in a chamber Be and the movements of this
vessel are communicated to the valve D as in the arrangement described with
reference to Figure 6. The pipe I' is supported by the base, in the arrangement
illustrated in Figure 8 but if preferred it may be suspe ded from the upper
frame h³ as shewn in Figure 6.
Figures 9 and 10 are vertical sections of apparatus ar anged for steam and
water at high pressure. The regulating valve D in both these apparatus consists
of a moveable tube d sliding telescopically over a stationary tube d' closed at its
upper end both tubes being provided with perforations d' which allow the fluid to
pass when the said perforations coincide.
The letters of reference on the various working parts of the apparatus shewn in
Figures 9 and 10 correspond with those on the Figures herein before explained so
that the working of this arrangement will be readily understood by reference to
the drawing. This apparatus is provided with the necessary safety valve and
accessories, a man hole when steam is to be dealt with, and a compressed air
chamber in the case of water.
The regulating of the pressure at a single point in advance of the distributing
channel for lighting gas would not suffice to effect the independent regulating of
all the burners individually, unless the section of the channel remains always very
large relatively to the section of the burners which it has to supply for regulating
these burners under ordinary circumstances, the loss of pressure owing to the speed
and delivery need not be taken into account. This however is not generally the
case when a large number of jets are extinguished simultaneously, the jets
remaining burning being then supplied under too great pressure. In short the
arrangement of the conduits renders it necessary for the initial pressure to be
variable and capable of being increased in proportion to the consumption or
delivery.
This result is readily obtained by means of the apparatus constructed according
to this Invention by simply adding thereto an adjustable counterweight.
This arrangement is illustrated in diagram Figure.22 The apparatus is provided

page_text: with a vessel A half full of water or other suitable liquid suspended from a beam F
at the end opposite to that connected to the valve in the first regulator apparatus
baving a moveable external annular vessel herein before described and on the same
side as the valve in the second regulator constructed with a moveable circular
internal vessel. This vessel A communicates through a syphon or india rubber
tube A' with a stationary reservoir B and increases in weight in proportion as the
valve is more widely opened, that is to say, when the number of lighted jets is
increased. At a certain distance from the normal level at n n' (corresponding.
with the closed position), this vessel is provided with a partition a a¹ which the
water cannot pass unless by flowing through a contracted passage. This arrange-
ment limits the excess of pressure to a certain maximum degree which cannot be
exceeded. The regulator apparatus thus arranged does not shew a perceptible
variation, except when a delivery necessitating a perceptible opening of the valve
is exceeded. In order to cause it to work with about the same precision as the
regulator with fixed counterweight it is desirable to arrange it behind a regulator
proper as the variations in pressure above might otherwise affect the opening of
the valve as well as those of the delivery below or beyond. In practice however:
the existence of the maximum and minimum of pressure enable it to be advan-
tageously employed without a supplementary regulator. By making one of the
vessels of the counterweight of the excess pressure regulator of a predetermined
form in vertical section my foreign correspondent states that the pressure during
the delivery may be varied according to a suitable formula P = ƒ (D).
The excess pressure regulator may be adjusted by means of a constant level.
analogous to that of the regulators proper, or it may be regulated even .during
working in the following manner-namely,
The
In the case of an apparatus supplying say five hundred jets let One hundred of
the jets be lighted, then fill the two vessels completely and adjust the pressure by
means of the counterweight to the maximum point say about one inch.
water must then be allowed to escape from the excess pressure regulator by means
of a cock in the bottom of the stationary vessel until the pressure is reduced to the.
minimum point say about one third of an inch. The apparatus may thus be
regulated in a few minutes,
2. The mano-delivery regulators or apparatus for regulating pressure and
quantity are constructed according to three different arrangements next hereinaftor.
described.
(a) By duplicating the preceding apparatus hereinbefore described. The Mano
regulator apparatus hereinbefore described may be converted into a mano-delivery.
regulator by combining it with a second apparatus of similar construction but not.
containing a valve. The two moveable vessels are balanced for a given average
delivery by means of either a partition presenting a contracted orifice of given
section or a regulator valve is operated so as to contract the passage to an extent
corresponding to a given delivery or by means of a counterweight. This latter
arrangement is illustrated in a diagram, Figure 20.
(b) By diminishing the horizontal section of the vessels of the mano-regulator
which does not contain a valve in a certain proportion and lengthening the
corresponding arm of the beam or lever so as to compensate for the reduction of
section.
(c) By exposing the levels in the two manometric vessels of a mano-regulator to
the two pressures which regulate the delivery and suspending from one extremity
of the beam a single moving vessel for regulating the delivery.
For water at low pressure the manometric motor apparatus may be constructed
as hereinafter described with reference to figure 23. In a cylindrical chamber, A
supplied by a constant level apparatus is suspended a moveable vessel B the liquid
in which is in communication by means of a syphon S with a second reservoir C
serving to supply the conduit and separated from the chamber A by a tube s
containing the contracted passage Every escape or consumption of water is
represented by a reduction of pressure at the point by a disparity of levels between

page_text: the liquids in the cylindrical reservoir, A, and the moveable vessel, B, and by a
diminution in the relative weight of this Vessel. Consequently if the latter has
been properly guaged and balanced every alteration in the consumption will start
it and move the regulating valve D with which it is rigidly connected.
A modification of this apparatus arranged for lighting gas is illustrated in
Figure 24. The two pressures corresponding to the delivery may be made to act
upon the free levels of manometric apparatus of the mano-regulators illustrated in
figures 6 and 7. The suspending rod A B in this arrangement passes from the interior
to the exterior through a small tube C in which it moves as in a sheath. This
tube C serves to communicate' atmospheric pressure to the liquid in the internal
vessel. The valve of the mano-regulator. is not altered According to another
arrangement illustrated in Figure 21 a horizontal disc M suspended from one
extremity of the beam divides the gas holder into two compartments A and B, a
pendant flange M' at the edge of the disc forming a Hydraulic seal and preventing
communication between the two compartments except through a contracted orifice
a capable of being adjusted by a sliding plate or valve M and which may be
arranged in any passage connecting the two compartments.
In the case of steam and water under high pressure the apparatus employed
according to this Invention acts in a similar manner to the mano-regulators
hereinbefore described with reference to figures 9 and 10, the pendant rod g being
contained in a long and narrow tube a making a Hydraulic seal around the rod
which almost fills the said tube. If necessary a small groove may be formed in the
side of the rod g or tube a in order to ensure the continuity of the mercurial
column. When the difference in the levels (the distance between which represents
the reduction of pressure) is diminished the section of the manometric tube a may
be enlarged and the lower extremity may even be made flaring for the purpose of
rendering the balance more sensitive to variations in the reduction of pressure
near zero.
Condensation may be prevented from taking place inside the vessels of the
apparatus for regulating the supply of steam by enclosing the apparatus in a
double casing in which the steam is caused to circulate before entering the
apparatus. The construction of the valve as in the case of water at low pressure
and Gas is the same as that hereinbefore described with reference to the
corresponding mano-regulators.
A modification applicable to all the apparatus consists in substituting for the
balance beam.hereinbefore described a cord passing over a pulley and connected to
& counterweight as in the case of the constant water level indicator. This
arrangement .although it cannot be employed with advantage in large apparatus
may be recommended for small apparatus and this is more especially the case if care
be taken to balance the weight of the moving parts by means of hollow bodies
lighter than water or mercury connected to the suspending rod and immersed in
a special stationary vessel filled with one or the other of these liquids By these
means the pivots are released of pressure and the friction reduced to a minimum.
In short the mano-delivery regulator is derived directly and without essential
modification from the mano-regulator proper. The movement of the valve is
controlled in both cases by the differential action of two pressures. In the case of
the mano-regulator one of these pressures is simply the pressure of the atmosphere,
a fact which simplifies the construction and increases the relative power of the
apparatus for a given dimension. The mano-delivery regulators in which the
liquid levels are subjected to a generally low pressure require (in order to obtain a
corresponding sensitiveness) to be made of larger dimensions. It must be
remembered that in the case of supplying a conduit with variable outlets it is
unnecessary to determine the delivery and that if the conduit is to remain constant
and deliver through constant orifices a single mano-regulator placed above, is
sufficient to control the delivery.
The two classes of apparatus as arranged for regulating the pressure and volume
of fluids having been thus fully described I will now proceed to explain how thế

page_text: same principles may be applied in the construction of apparatus for indicating and
registering or recording pressure and volume of fluids.
Indicating and registering or recording the pressure and quantity delivered.
The action of these apparatus is based on the application of the formula
D=A HO
-
H1.
Delivery open to the atmosphere.
The movement of water in a conduit of constant section and open to the
atmosphere is defined by the pressure at any point (A) on the conduit. Without
having recourse to theoretical calculations the relation between the pressure at this
point and the delivery or volume passed in a given period may be readily
established by experiment. For this purpose it is sufficient to cause them to change
simultaneously by means of a valve situated above the point (A) and to express the
law of their variations by a curve. From this principle may be deduced a method
of ascertaining with precision and controlling the delivery from any conduit of
liquid.
Delivery from a reservoir with constant level.
The tube I Figure 11 for delivering the liquid is provided with a cock R
preceding a manometer m and an outlet or orifice R¹ By the term "orifice" is
meant that portion of the conduit that intervenes between the cock R and the -
opening or outlet. This part may be made of an enlarged or trumpet shape
(figure 12) or in the form of a vessel with a lip (figure 13). Whatever the form
of the orifice may be, it must always be contracted at some point or other so as to
present a passage of smaller area than that of the supply tube I or of the maximum
opening of the cock, The graduated scale of the manometer is thus enabled to be
made longer and consequently more easy to read.
Notwithstanding these arrangements it is sometimes difficult to read off low
degrees of pressure proportionate to the square of the delivery In this case a
series of cocks R R* may be employed as shewn in figure 15, each cock being
provided respectively with a manometer m and m³.
When the manometer m does not give a sufficiently distinct reading the action
of the two cocks R R2 is so combined that the liquid passes to the top of the
scale of the manometer m² and at the bottom of the scale in the manometer m and
these two extreme points are similarly graduated. The section R m R' then
constitutes another constant orifice the delivery from which is controlled by the
action of the cock R* and is indicated by the manometer m². Other supplementary
manometer. Scales may be added if desired.
A stop or adjustable screw R³ may be applied to the cock R in order to enable
the latter to be immediately turned to the half open position when necessary.
In the case of delivery from an inconstant conduit the arrangement illustrated
in Figures 16 and 17 are employed. The reduction of pressure resulting from a
contraction of the conduit being proportionate to the quantity delivered, two
differential manometers m³ m' are connected to the conduit. These manometers
are provided with a scale capable of shifting vertically so as to enable the lower
level to be taken in the first instance and are graduated according to the quantity
delivered.
The apparatus constructed on the same general principle as next hereinafter
described are applicable to pressures and quantities and are divided into three
different classes. The valve regulating the admission of fluid to the mano-
regulator and mano-delivery regulator is removed; the position of equilibrium of
the balance beam or its equivalent corresponds with the pressure of the fluid or
the quantity delivered. The apparatus best adapted for use as indicators are those
having one moveable vessel suspended by one rod.
First class manometers and mano-delivery apparatus with a steel yard balance,

page_text: '
The weight is moved along the arm of the balance which is graduated according
to pressure or quantity until the equilibrium is established, the indications on the
arm corresponding to this position of the weight are then read off.
Second class manometers and mano-delivery apparatus with pointer or needle.―
In this case the equilibrium of the parts does not require adjustment but the angle
of deflection of the beam is simply observed. This angular motion is preferably
multiplied by means of gearing so as to enable the graduated scale indicating the
pressure and quantity to be so expended as to form a complete circle or segment
of a circle as shewn in Figures 14 and 18.
The equilibrium of the beam of the balance when in an inclined position is due
to the combination of two forces, one of which-namely, the excess pressure
causing the inclination or deflection-decreases; whilst the other-namely, that of
the weight of the beam-increases proportionally to the angle of deflection. In a
given position of the pointer these two forces are in equilibrium.
In indicating apparatus of small dimensions the balance beam may be replaced
by an equivalent arrangement of pulleys.-This arrangement presents the
advantage of enabling the needle or pointer of the indicator to partake of a more
extended angular motion corresponding with the quantities to be indicated.-This
arrangement is illustrated in Figure 25.
The moveable vessel B is suspended inside a stationary vessel A by a cord m,
passing over a pulley 7, whose radius is (r), and the weight of the vessel is balanced
for a differential pressure = o. by a counterweight, firstly by means of a constant
counterweight, whose constant force = ", and secondly by a constant counter-
weight, with a variable force , l, suspended by a cord from the extremity of
=
a spiral curve turning on the same axis as the pulley 1,
Every change in the pressure or in the delivery is represented by a corresponding
variation in the weight of the moveable vessel B which then sets the pulley 1, and
curve in motion until all the forces are balanced which takes place after a certain
amount of angular movement or deflection of a pointer on the axis of the
pulley. The value of this movement being established by calculation or
experiment, the solution of the two following problems is obtained, namely:
First. In the case of the manometer and mano-delivery indicator, the pointer is
to be placed in such a position that the angular deflection reckoning from a primary
or normal position is always proportional to the pressure or to the delivery,
My foreign correspondent states that the two vessels A and B of the manometer
being cylindrical, the spiral must be constituted by the curve encircling the
perpendiculars at the extremities of the vector radii of a primary curve.
'
(S - r)
= k, w,
for the manometer indicator and
S- r = k, w³,
for the mano-delivery indicator.
Second, In the case of the mano-delivery indicator the motive force corresponding
to small deliveries is to be augmented without departing from the preceding result.
In other terms, the pointer is to be caused to partake of angular displacement
starting from the primary position proportional to the deliveries or volumes by
means of motive forces also proportional to these deliveries or volumes. This
condition is essential in order to render all the indications afforded by the
1
ouall.
size
T↓
that
Lif

page_text: gencraving curve of the enlarged part as given by my foreign correspondent 13:
C + √σ + %,
A,² = B+
A, B, C, being constant powers determined by conditions incidental to the
construction.:
The proper spiral curve for a manometric apparatus capable of affording results
approximating the theoretical solution, of problem N°2 relating to motive force
may be readily drawn in practice by employing a suitably adjusted standard
differential apparatus.
In practice it is possible by a simple process based on the employment of the
indications afforded by a carefully regulated differential apparatus used as &
standard to draw a spiral capable of affording strictly the solution N° 1, relating to
the angles by means of a manometric apparatus simply capable of affording an
approximately accurate result.
The apparatus referred to is simply a manometer which actually determines the
reduction of the pressure taking place in a fluid in consequence of a given con-
traction in a conduit. This differential apparatus is completely independent of the
conduit and of the contraction and simply indicates quantities proportionate to the
delivery from the said conduit.
In order that these indications may be correct it is necessary, Firstly: To take
the pressure at points where the conduit is considerably enlarged so as to provide.
reservoirs of relatively considerable size as shewn at 8' t¹ figure 27, and to accurately
guage the pressure in these reservoirs, and Secondly, To find the proportion of the
valve w, of the contraction to the maximum reduction of pressure which is to be
obtained for the greatest delivery from the same conduit.-These indications are
strictly volumetric and do not enable the weights of gases and vapours to be
accurately obtained except by taking into account the conditions of temperature
and pressure of these fluids at the moment when they are examined. A preliminary
adjustment is consequently necessary if theoretically accurate results are required
but is not indispensable for ordinary practical purposes.
Third class Mano-registering apparatus and manodelivery registering or recording
apparatus with dial.
The indications afforded by the apparatus lastly hereinbefore described may be
registered by causing the unit pointer of a dial register to move at a rate exactly
proportioned to the pressure and quantity indicated as hereinafter described with
reference to Figure 19. In carrying out this arrangement a disc A, rotating at a
uniform speed is caused to perform, say, one revolution in one hour.
A small roller B whose circumference is tangential to the plane of the disc is
capable of sliding longitudinally upon an axis or spindle x, x, which intersects at
right angles the axis y, y, of rotation of the disc A and the axis z, of rotation of the
indicating needle of the apparatus lastly herein before described.
The point of contact between the roller B, and the disc A, is thus enabled to move
in a radial direction over the surface of the disc when the latter is stationary.
When the disc A. rotates it imparts rotary or angular motion to the roller B, which
is pressed against the surface of the disc by a spring and this rotary motion is in
proportion to the length of the radius of the circle of contact. The movement of
the roller in travelling between the centre and the circumference of the disc A,
correspond to the variations in the pressure and delivery. In the same vertical
plane as the axis of the roller (when a balance beam is employed) is provided a
cam C, turning on the axis of the pointer, the curve of this cam being obtained by
marking off from a primary circle lengths of radii corresponding to the indications
of the said pointer. A point on the axis of the roller and rigidly connected to the
roller is maintained constantly in contact with this curve. The units indicated by
the dial register are thus registered or recorded by the roller; after the lapse of one
hour, it will have registered the medium pressure and average delivery.

page_text: ascertained by dividing the indications given by the dial by the time, or
volume supplied may be read off directly.
C
My foreign correspondent states that in a time = 1, the roller B moves over an
angle equal to k, P in the case of the pressure indicator or to D = k P. for
the volume or delivery indicator. In a time d, t, it will travel over P, d, t, D, d, t,
and during a time t, it will travel over,
St. P, d, t. SD, d, t,
The combination of a manometer and a chronometer are required in order to
obtain this result.
By employing the apparatus with spiral pulley or varying leverage herein before
described with reference to Figure 25, in combination with the apparatus described
with reference to Figure 19, the desired effect is immediately obtained. This
combination is illustrated in Figure 28. It will be observed that all parts of the
rod g, suspending the moveable vessel B, travel over rectilinear distances proportioned
to the angular distances traversed by the pointer. It has been ascertained that
these distances are proportional to the volumes pressures or rate of delivery to be
measured. The axis of rotation of the roller B is formed by a rigid Section of the
rod by which the vessel is suspended. The roller carried loosely at i, upon the
axis moves vertically upon the chronometric disc A which occupies relatively to the
roller the same position as in the arrangement herein before described with reference
to Figure 19. The clockwork may be arranged to stop the disc A, whenever
the roller is at zero, that is to say, coincides with the centre of the said disc.
The mano-registering apparatus and the mano-delivery registering apparatus
may be of small dimensions and mercury may be employed in the vessels. It is
evident that in all these apparatus in which the reading depends upon the angles.
of deflection of the pointer and of the beam the centre of gravity of the beam or
lever must be sufficiently low to bring these angles within the proper limits.
In these apparatus in which pulleys are employed the pressure on the bearings
must be relieved (as described with reference to the regulators) of the greater part
of the weight of the moving parts by means of a hollow body V, Figure 28, lighter
than water or mercury rigidly connected to the suspending rod g, and completely
immersed in a special stationary vessel G, containing one of these liquids.
It is evident that apparatus constructed on the principles hereinbefore explained
may be employed for indicating and registering atmospheric pressure and
temperature. For the purpose of indicating and registering atmospheric pressure
a barometric tube having an enlargement at its upper extremity of an area equal
to the area of the annular surface of liquid exposed to atmospheric pressure is
connected with a moveable vessel suspended from a balance beam or its equivalent
as hereinbefore described in such a manner that variations in the level of the liquid
in the barometric tube produce corresponding variations in the weight of liquid in
the moveable vessel.
The same principle may be applied to indicating and registering temperature by
means of an analogous arrangement consisting in connecting a moveable vessel
suspended as herein before described with a tube or vessel presenting an extended
surface and containing a liquid capable of expanding and contracting with
variations of temperature and thereby causing corresponding variations in the
weight or level of the liquid in the said moveable vessel.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is:-
First: In apparatus for regulating the pressure of fluids in conduits, the
combination of a stationary vessel containing a liquid exposed to the pressure of

page_text: the fluid in the conduit, a moveable vessel of the same section as the stationary
vessel suspended from the beam of a balance, or its equivalent, provided with a
counterweight and open to the atmosphere, means for connecting the two vessels,
and a valve controlling the flow of fluid in the conduit in such a manner that
variations in the pressure on the liquid in the stationary vessel produce corre-
sponding variations in the weight of liquid in the moveable vessel, thereby causing
the latter to move and operate the valve, all substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
:
Second: Regulating the flow of fluids in conduits, by the employment of an
apparatus similar to that hereinbefore described for regulating pressure but in
which the beam or its equivalent in place of carrying a counterweight is connected
to the moveable vessel of a second apparatus also similar to the pressure regulator
herein before described but not provided with a valve, whereby the balance beam
of the first apparatus is subjected to a differential action, which being transmitted
to the valve of this apparatus regulates the flow of fluid, all substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Third-Indicating and registering or recording the pressure and volume of
fluids flowing through conduits, by utilizing the reduction of pressure resulting
from the passage of the fluid through a contracted passage to operate the indicating
and recording mechanism, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
Fourth: Ascertaining the pressure and volume of fluids by means of a mano-
regulator, or mano-delivery regulator working without a valve, by utilizing the
indications afforded by the angular movements of a balance beam, or its equivalent,
operated by the said mano-regulator, or mano-delivery regulator, substantially
as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fifth In combination with apparatus for regulating pressure, or volume (or
both) as hereinbefore setforth, the employment of internal or external moveable
vessels, and means for priming the syphons, obtaining hydraulic seals, and preventing
the admission of air, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Sixth-In apparatus for regulating pressure, or volume (or both) fluids, as
herein before setforth, the employment of water or mercury in the stationary and
moveable vessels, as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
Seventh-In apparatus for regulating the pressure, or volume (or both) of fluids,
the arrangements for transmitting motion from the external mechanism to the
valve immersed in the fluid, without friction, or leakage, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Eighth-In combination with apparatus for regulating the pressure, or volume
of fluids, as hereinbefore setforth, the arrangements for obtaining a progressive
variation of pressure, corresponding to the rate of delivery or consumption, by
means of a variable liquid counterweight suspended from the beam carrying the
moveable vessel, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 22
of the accompanying drawing.
Ninth In apparatus for regulating the pressure, or volume of fluids, the
duplex arrangement consisting of two apparatus constructed as hereinbefore set-
forth, acting in concert, the two moveable vessels thereof being balanced for a
given rate of delivery by means either of a contraction in the passage produced by
a regulating valve, or by means of a counterweight, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Tenth-The modifications of the arrangement claimed in the preceding clause,
consisting in reducing the horizontal section of the apparatus working without a
valve, and proportionately lengthening the corresponding arm of the lever, or
employing the apparatus working with one moveable vessel, or employing in place
of the beam a pulley and counterweight, the pressure which is compensated for by
D

page_text: floats substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Eleventh-In apparatus for measuring, indicating, and registering or recording
pressure and volume of fluids, the arrangements for utilizing the reduction of
pressure, obtained by contracting the conduit, arranged and operating substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17 of
the accompanying drawings.
Twelfth In combination with apparatus for measuring and recording pressure
and volume of fluids, as herein before setforth, the employment of revolving pointers
and dials with steel yard or other balance beams, or pulleys with variable leverage,
or their equivalents, all combined and operating substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 19, 25, 26, 27 and 28 of
the accompanying drawings.
Thirteenth-Registering or recording atmospheric pressure and temperature by
means of apparatus arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fourteenth-The general combination and arrangement of apparatus for
regulating, measuring, indicating, and registering or recording low, mean, and high
pressure of water, steam, lighting gas, and other fluids, all substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal this twelfth day of October One thousand eight hundred and
eighty three