IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE."-A communication
from abroad by Thomas Gray, Paper Pulp Bleacher, of 13, Boulevart.
St. Martin, Paris.
Sealed the 29th January 1869, and dated the 15th August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th August 1868.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery. Lane, in the.
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
I said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a resinous size applicable.
for use in paper making and otherwise.
I 1st bleach or treat the resin in the following manner:-For example,
in operating on 900 pounds of resin I place in an iron or copper boiler
about 38 gallons of pure water, in which I dissolve by heat about 80
[Price 8d.1

page_text: pounds of salt of soda or other alkaline salt, care being taken to stir the
mixture until the alkaline salt is entirely dissolved. After this I add the
resin in small quantities at a time, still continuing to stir the matters and
leaving an interval of time between each addition to allow of the resin
being thoroughly dissolved before adding a fresh quantity. After the
whole has been mixed I discontinue the heating and commence the
preparation of the size. For this purpose I first melt about 44 pounds
of chloride of sodium in about 50 gallons of cold water; I then pour
the resin while still hot into a boiler (of double or treble the size of that
in which the resin is prepared) together with half of the saline water
prepared as above, and add about 30 gallons of cold water. I then heat
the mixture and stir with a spatula so as to render it homogeneous and
of a whitish tint. I continue to stir until the mixture assumes a deep
wine color; this change is produced by the union of the prepared resin
and the salt; I then allow the mixture to settle and form a deposit at
the bottom of the boiler, the liquid part being decanted and discharged.
I then add more cold water, and the remainder of the saline solution,
allow it to settle, and again decant as before. The size thus produced
is then ready for use.
The chief features of the Invention are, 1st, the employment of the
salt in the treatment of the resin, which is first boiled in an alkaline
bath; 2ndly, the elimination of the color produced by the turpentine
contained in the resin; 3rdly, the partial or total elimination of the
essence of turpentine and alkaline salt first mixed with the resin 4thly,
the size may be used immediately it is dissolved.
The advantages attending the use of size prepared according to this
Invention are, that-
1st. The size may be readily dissolved in cold water, although warm
water is preferable.
2ndly. It does not attach itself to the sides of the boilers or other
vessels whether cold or hot.
3rdly. When dissolved it is of a white color, which it retains when
mixed with paper or other substance.
4thly. It preserves its whiteness when in the paper, even if in contact
with heated cylinders.
5thly. This mode of preparing size economizes time, cost, and

page_text: 6thly. The elimination of the essence of turpentine and the alkali
enables the proportion of alum usually added to the size to be reduced.
7thly. Much whiter paper may be obtained than if pulp of the same
quality were prepared by the ordinary processes.
Sthly. The quality of the size renders it especially suitable for sizing
paper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th February 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Melville Clark, Her
special licence that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alexander Melville Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and-Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE,"
a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Gray, Paper Pulp
Bleacher, of 13, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, my exe-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YB, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner.

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a resinous size applicable
for use in paper making and otherwise.
I first bleach or treat the resin in the following manner:-For ex-
ample, in operating on nine hundred pounds of resin I place in an
iron or copper boiler about thirty-eight gallons of pure water, in which
I dissolve by heat about eighty pounds of salt of soda or other alkaline
salt, care being taken to stir the mixture until the alkaline
salt is
entirely dissolved. After this I add the resin in small quantities at
a time, still continuing to stir the matters and leaving an interval of
time between each addition to allow of the resin being thoroughly
dissolved before adding a fresh quantity. After the whole has been
mixed I discontinue the heating and commence the preparation of
the size. For this purpose I first melt about forty-four pounds of
chloride of sodium in about fifty gallons of cold water.
I then pour
the resin while still hot into a boiler (of double or treble the size of
that in which the resin is prepared) together with half of the saline
water prepared as above, and add about thirty gallons of cold water.
I then heat the mixture and stir with a spatula so as to render it
homogeneous and of a whitish tint, I continue to stir until the mixture.
assumes a deep wine color; this change is produced by the union of
the prepared resin and the salt; I then allow the mixture to settle
and form a deposit at the bottom of the boiler, the liquid part being
decanted and discharged; I then add more cold water and the remainder
of the saline solution, allow it to settle, and again- decant as
The size thus produced is then ready for use.
before.
The chief features of the Invention are, first, the employment of the
salt in the treatment of the resin, which is first boiled in an alkaline
bath; 2ndly, the elimination of the color produced by the turpentine
contained in the resin; 3rdly, the partial or total elimination of the
essence of turpentine and alkaline salt first mixed with the resin;
4thly, the size may be used immediately it is dissolved.
The advantages attending the use of size prepared according to this
Invention are that,--
r
:
First. The size may be readily dissolved in cold water, although warm
water is preferable.

page_text: Secondly. It does not attach itself to the sides of the boilers or
other vessels whether hot or cold.
Thirdly. When dissolved it is of a white color which it retains when
mixed with paper or other substance.
Fourthly. It preserves its whiteness when in the paper even if in
contact with heated cylinders.
Fifthly. This mode of preparing size economizes time, cost, and
material.
Sixthly. The elimination of the essence of turpentine and the alkali
enables the proportion of alum usually added to the size to be reduced.
Seventhly. Much whiter paper may be obtained than if pulp of the
same quality were prepared by the ordinary processes.
Eighthly. From the quality of the size a more uniform sizing of
the paper is obtained.
Having described the nature of this Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention
to be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
the manufacture of a resinous size in the manner
manner herein-before
described to be used for sizing paper and for other purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witness,
JAMES DAISH,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
'A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)