AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAIR BRUSHES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Louis Lawrence, of 54, Tavistock Square,
London, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAIR BRUSHES." A communication from abroad
by Alfred Camille, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Louis Lawrence
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1880.
FREDERICK LOUIS LAWRENCE, of 54, Tavistock Square, London, in the County
of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAIR BRUSHES."
A communication from abroad by Alfred Camille, of Paris, France.
The object of this Invention is the production of a hair brush (whether for
brushing the human hair or that of animals) having tufts of metallic wire in lieu
of animal bristles or vegetable fibre, but which without being placed upon an
elastic foundation, as is the case with the generality of the metal pins or wires
hitherto used for metallic hair brushes, will give all the softness and elasticity which
may be desired.
This Invention consists in employing metallic wires or bristles composed of —
This wire requires no preparation to prevent oxydation; it may be drawn to
any degree of fineness, and while very elastic will not break or take a permanent
bend.
It may be drawn through the back of the brush in tufts in a similar manner to
ordinary bristles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Louis Lawrence in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd February 1881.
33
FREDERICK LOUIS LAWRENCE, of 54, Tavistock Square, London, in the County
of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAIR-BRUSHES.'
A communication from abroad by Alfred Camille, of Paris, France.
The object of this Invention is the production of a hair brush (whether for
brushing the human hair or that of animals) having tufts of metallic wire in lieu
of animal bristles or vegetable fibre, and which, without being placed upon an
elastic foundation, as is the case with the generality of the metal pins or wires
hitherto used for metallic hair brushes, will give all the softness and elasticity that
may be desired.
This Invention consists in employing metallic wires or bristles composed of brass,
nickel, zinc, and tin, or I may dispense with the zinc, and in that case instead of
using brass, which it is well known is an alloy of copper and zinc, I use copper,
and the following combination is that to which I give preference as being most
suitable for the generality of brushes for the human hair, namely:-
Copper, about-84 parts;
Nickel,-about-15 parts;
Tin, about 1 part.
-
The proportions given are approximative, and will vary with the quality of the
ingredients, also with the degree of hardness or softness to be given to the brush.
The wire, drawn from this composition in the ordinary way, requires no pre-
paration to prevent oxydation; it may be drawn to any degree of fineness, and
while very elastic will not easily break or take a permanent bend.
The wire may be drawn through the back of the brush in tufts in a similar
manner to ordinary bristles, the back being of wood, ivory, or any ordinary material,
and there being no elastic cushion or pad lining it interiorly to receive and retain
dirt from which it cannot be cleansed.
These metallic bristles or wires are conductors of electricity, and therefore are
particularly suitable for application to brushes provided with an electric or galvanic
battery.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the Invention communicated
to me as aforesaid,
I claim as secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent,-
In hair brushes the use of tufts of metallic wire composed and applied substan-
tially as herein before specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Louis Lawrence, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty second day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
F. L. LAWRENCE. (L.S.)