Improvements in and connected with the Draw Rolls of Machinery used for Preparing and Spinning Cotton and other Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 30th Aug., 1895-Acceptel, 12th Oct.,
1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Draw Rolls of Machinery
used for Preparing and Spinning Cotton and other Fibrous
Materials.
I, JOSEPH LEESE of No. 3 Lord Street West, Southport in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
ollows:-
The object of my invention is to simplify and cheapen the apparatus and to
reduce the power required for driving the draw rolls and to avoid injury by
rubbing or crimping the material in the preparatory machines and in the primary
processes of spinning machines used for cotton and other fibrous materials, and
consists in improvements in the rolls themselves and in the apparatus and mole of
driving them. In order to obtain the effects named I construct and drive the
rolls in such a way as to give an increased grip or holl on the cotton or other
material with a given normal pressure.
From this it results that the normal pressure can be reduced while retaining
the desired grip, and as the power required to drive the draw rolls is approximately
directly proportional to the normal pressure less power is required to drive the
machine.
In some forms of my invention I am enable to dispense with the usual traverse
motion now used to give a lateral traverse to the material and in some forms
I dispense with the usual leather covering to the roller and also with the usual
flutings.
The main feature of my invention is that I drive the top roll of a pair of draw
rolls by independent and external means in addition to driving the bottom roll
instead of allowing the bottom roll to drive the top roll by frictional contact
through the medium of the material under operation. By this means alone a large
increase is obtained in the gripping power of the rolls under a given normal
pressure. In combination with this I employ any of the existing and known forms
of surface on the rolls, but I prefer plain cylindrical smooth polished rolls of steel
or other hard metal, and in further combination I in some cases mount loose ferrules
or sleeves on one or other of the driven roll shafts corresponding to the loose
sleeve now ordinarily used and covered with leather.
A further modification of my invention in respect of the surface of the rolls
consists of fine spiral flutings on one or both rolls.
When both rolls are thus fluted
the direction of the spiral is such that the flutings cross one another at the line
o' contact so as not to intermesh. Or one roll may have parallel flutings and the
other spiral. In this form also I use in some cases the loose ferrule or sleeve on
one of the roll shafts. In combination with the apparatus for and method of
independent driving of both roils also in some cases employ fluted or plain and
leather covered rolls as now used with or without the loose sleeve.
I obtain the independent driving of Loth rolls by one or other of the following
appliances and it will be understood that I do not claim independent driving in
itself and alone as novel but in combination only with one or other of the herein-
before described constructions of rolls.
The first form of driving apparatus I employ consists simply of a pair of spur
pinions whose pitch circles are respectively equal to the diameter of the roll on
whose shaft they are mounted.

page_text: These pinions may come inside or outside the bearings as is most convenient, the
inion on the top roll shaft being in the latter ense mounted on an extension of the
laft for the purpose.
The form of tooth is preferably involute so as to preserve equal velocity ratio
at varying distances of centres.
The roll may be carried and the top rall weighted in the ordinary method.
In another form of my invention I employ the frictional contact of two wheels
or cylinders without teeth. The driver being mounted on or a portion of the
lower roll shaft and the driven wheel is attached to the upper roll or its shalt
by a suitable flexible connection or universal joint allowing for slight independent
vertical movement on the part of the roll while maintaining a constant speed of
revolution.
In this form sufficient pressure is maintained between the driver and driven
wheels by an additional weight spring or other suitable device and which I prefer
to apply by means of two antifriction rollers bearing direct upon the top of the
driven wheel. The before mentioned connection between the driven wheel and the
roll may consist of a spiral or straight spring partially or entirely internal or it
may be a link connection of the kind known as "Hooke's joint" or it may be a
drag link or other suitable and known device.
Another form of my invention consists of a frictional driving band driving
the top roll at the desired speed from a driver pulley or drum mounted below
the lower roll shatt and of larger diameter. In some cases I employ the driving
band as the means whereby weight or vertical pressure between the rolls is
obtained and for this purpose use a guide pulley mounted with movable
journals and apply a known tension to it in order to impart the desired tension to
the driving band. Or the driver itself may be provided with movable journals
and be of known and desired weight for the purpose.
It will be understood that my invention includes the combination of any of the
hereinbefore described methods of driving the top roll with any of the hereinbefore
described constructions of top or bottom roll and with or without the loose bush or
sleeve.
Dated this 28th day of November 1894.
EDGAR CONISTON MILLS,
Agent to the Applicant.
Improvements in and connected with the Draw Rolls of Machinery
used for Preparing and Spinning Cotton and other Fibrous
Materials.
1, JOSEPH LEESE of No. 3 Lord Street West, Southport, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
The object of my invention is to simplily and cheapen the apparatus and to
reduce the power required for driving the draw rolls and to avoid injury by
rubbing or crimping the material in the preparatery machines and in the primary
processes of spinning machines used for cotton and other fibrous materials and
consists in improvements in the rolls themselves and in the apparatus and mode of
driving them.
In order to obtain the effects named I construct and drive the rolls in such a
way as to give an increased grip or hold on the cotton or other material with a
given normal pressure.

page_text: From this it results that the normal pressure can be reduced while retaining
the desired grip, and as the power required to drive the draw rolls is approxi-
mately directly proportional to the normal pressure less power is required to drive
the machine.
In some forms of my invention I am enabled to dispense with the usual traverse
motion now used to give a lateral traverse to the material and in some forms
I dispense with the usual leather covering to the roller and also with the usual
flutings.
My invention is mainly applicable to draw rolls in which the top roll is driven
by independent and external means and consists of devices for driving the said
top roll by improved means and of applying the desired weight thereto. By this
meaus alone a large increase is obtained in the gripping power of the rolls under a
given normal pressure.
I obtain the independent driving of both rolls by one or other of the following
appliances and it will be understood that I do not claim independent driving in
itself and alone as novel but in combination only with one or other of the
hereinbefore-described constructions of rolls.
In one form of my invention I employ the frictional contact of two wheels or
cylinders without teeth. The driver being mounted on or a portion of the lower
roll shaft, and the driven wheel is attached to the upper roll or its shaft by a
suitable flexible connection or universal joint allowing for slight independent
vertical movement on the part of the roll while maintaining a constant speed of
revolution.
In this form sufficient pressure is maintained between the driver and driven
wheels by an additional weight, spring or other suitable device and which I prefer
to apply by means of two antifriction rollers bearing direct upon the top of the
driven wheel. The before mentioned connection between the driven wheel and
the roll may consist of a spiral or straight spring partially or entirely internal or
it may be a link connection of the kind known as "Hooke's joint," or it may be a
drag link or other suitable and known device.
Another form of my invention consists of a frictional driving band driving the
top roll at the desired speed from a driver pulley or drum mounted below the
lower roll shaft and of larger diameter. In some cases I employ the driving band
as the means whereby weight or vertical pressure between the rolls is obtained,
and for this purpose I use a guide pulley mounted with moveable journals and
apply a known tension to it in order to impart the desired tension to the driving
band. Or the driver itself may be provided with moveable journals and be of
known and desired weight for the purpose.
In combination with the above described methods of driving or any mechanical
equivalent thereof, I employ rolls baving any of the existing and known forms
of surface, but I prefer plain cylindrical smooth polished rolls of steel or other
hard metal which in all cases may be solid rolls or may consist of a sleeve or
loose boss or ferrule free to rotate upon the internal spindle or shaft, the said
spindle being driven by any of the methods herein described.
A further modification of my invention in respect of the surface of the rolls
consists of fine spiral flutings on one or both rolls.
When both rolls are thus
Huted the direction of the spiral is such that the flutings cross one another at the
line of contact so as not to intermesh. Or one roll may have parallel flutings
and the other spiral. In this form also I use in some cases the loose ferrule or
sleeve on one of the roll shafts, the said shaft being driven in accordance with my
hereinbefore described invention.
In my Provisional Specification I described toothed pinions as being employed
to drive the top rolls direct from the bottom rolls, but I am now aware that such
pinions are not novel when used in combination with solid draw rolls and I there-
fore describe and claim them only as forming part of my invention when used to
drive an internal spindle upon which a loose boss or sleeve free to rotate thereon
and forming the top roll is mounted.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, illustrates a form of my invention in which the internal spindle a
of a pair of draw rolls A and B is driven direct from the lower roll shaft B by
means of the spur pinion driver C and the spur pinion follower D. bare the
working portions of the hottom roll shaft and a¹ a' are loose bosses or sleeves mounted
and free to revolve on their spindle a. These bosses may be metallic throughout
or may be covered with leather. The desired weight is applied at E either by
the usual bridle e or by the antifriction bridle as illustrated at Fig. 5 and herein-
after described. I prefer to arrange the rolls so that the one pinion on the
lower shaft drives the two followers D and D' and hence the two pairs of top
bosses on either side. The advantages of the loose boss are well understood and
when the top roll is driven independently of the fibre passing through the uip it
has the additional advantage that great accuracy of diameter is not needed to
avoid rubbing or grinding of the fibre which would occur with a positively driven
solid top roll if the rolls were incorrect in diameter. It will be understood that
the friction of the spindle within the loose boss is sufficient to cause or assist
revolution of the boss to such an extent as to cause little or none of the strain of
driving the top roll to pass through the fibre. By this means the grip of the rolls
on the fibre is largely increased and a given pull can be obtained with a much
reduced weight on the top roll. a² a² are the usual necks or journals of the top
roll spindle held in the usual vertical slots.
Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 2, illustrate a form of my invention in which frictional
driving is employed, instead of the toothed gearing, Fig. 2 being an elevation and
Fig. 3 a cross section.
Figs. 4 and 5 shew a modification of this form with a different method of
coupling. A and B are as before the top and bottom draw rolls respectively.
C is a plain cylindrical portion of the bottom roll shaft and forms the driver wheel
driving the top friction wheel D which is weighted to maintain sufficient driving
pressure by the bridle F having antifriction rollers ff. A suitable weight or
spring is attached to the rod f' and the pin f2 can be withdrawn when the top roll
bas to be lifted off for cleaning, or a booked antifriction bridle of the form shewn
in Fig. 5 may be applied for this purpose. The journals d d are carried in vertical
slots K allowing free vertical movement. The solid top roll A or the spindle a,
carrying a loose boss are weighted independently by the ordinary weight bridle G,
Fig. 2, or by the hooked bridle H provided with antifriction rollers h h shewn in
Fig. 5. Rotary movement is imparted to the roll A or spindle a by means of the
drag link I shewn in Fig. 3 of whose two pins one i is attached to the disea³
of the roll A or spindle a, aud the other is attached to the dise di formed with
the wheel D. By this means slight independent vertical movement of A is allowed
for. Another meat of coupling D to A is shewn in Fig. 4 where the link J is
attached internally at one end to 1) by the pin and at the other end by the pin
to the spillea, or the roll A, one pin being at right angles to the other and
having elongated holes in the link J as shewn. Or the link J may have its ends
formed as Square or other suitable section and fit loosely into corresponding
recesses, or a coiled or other spring coupling may be used or other suitable
mechanical device, to accomplish the same purpose--without departing from my
invention.
Fige. 6 and 7, Sheet 1, illustrate a form of my invention in which band driving
is employed to operate the top roll or its spindle; Fig. 6 being a cross section and
Fig. 7 an elevation. A A A represent the top rolls of a roving or other frame
and B B B the bottom rolls. The arrow indicates the direction of travel of the
fibre. a a are the journals of the top rolls and K K the usual vertical slot
bearings. L represents the beam or frame of the machine. It will be understood
that my invention generally is applicable to all machines performing drawing
operations including the mule frame for cotton fibre in which it is usually necessary
to apply weights only to the last or delivering ells. But in machines in which it
is advisable to weight and drive all the top rolls my invcution in all its forms is

page_text: equally applicable.
M are driving bands operating the top rolls A or their
spindles at the desired speed to suit the speed of the bottom rolls B. N is a driver
pulley of a suitable and determined weight suspended by the bands M M and
guided laterally in vertical slots OO into which the journals n n project. P is
belt or band by which N is driven from a pulley or drum Q mounted on a
continuous shaft and whose tightness may be maintained by a rider pulley }
or equivalent device. This shaft may be driven in any suitable way as for instance
by a belt R driven from the lower roll shaft B. By this means the band M
performs the double function of driving the top roll A and weighting it to the
desired extent necessary to secure a good grip for drawing. In some cases I apply
an adjustable spring n' to regulate the tension of the band M.
A
Fig. 8 illustrates diagramatically another application of my system of band
driving. One band M only is employed for each set of rolls. N is in this case a
driving pulley or drum upon a continuous shaft 7 driven as before in any suitable
manner and carried in fixed bearings. The band M is carried round a moveable
jockey or rider pulley S being guided thereto by the fixed guide pulleys s 8.
desired tension is imparted to the band by means of a weight or spring applied as
shewn or otherwise to the moveable bearings of the pulley S. I may apply band
driving to the top roll or its spindle by any mechanical modification of the methods
herein before described, but in all such modifications the combined functions of
driving and weighting the said roll by means of the band constitute the main
feature of this part of my invention. The advantage of dispensing with the
weighted bridle as at present used which imparts much friction and resistance is
obvious. In connection with these or other systems of band driving I prefer to
use the loose boss on a driven spindle instead of the solid roll, as obviating any
injurious effect arising from inaccuracy of the periphery speed of the roll or of its
diameter, and in Fig. 9 I shew in enlarged section a spindle a carrying a pair of
bosses or sleeves a¹ and having the central part a³ formed as a pulley to receive
the band M. From the elevation Fig. 7 it will be observed that one belt P drives
one weighted pulley N and thus by the bands M M it drives four bosses A A A A.
In some cases I prefer to drive the spindle a at a speed somewhat in excess of the
bottom roll so as to impart by friction an advancing tendency to the boss a¹.
Sufficient rise is allowed to N, Fig. 6 to allow of the top rolls, or spindles and
bosses being lilted out of their bearings K and slipped endways from their bands
when it is necessary to clean them.
One portion of my invention refers to the surface of the rolls or bosses. I
prefer in most cases to use plain cylindrical smooth well polished steel surfaces for
both top and bottom rolls as I find there is the least tendency to "lick up" the
fibres, they wear well and when my invention of driving the top rolls or bosses by
any of the hereinbetore described methods is employed the grip of such smooth
surfaces is quite equal to that obtained by the surfaces now employed. These
smooth surfaces in combination with the various devices for driving herein
described or any mechanical equivalent of them therefore constitute an important
part of my invention. Although the bottom rolls are shewn fluted in Figs. 2
and 4 it will be understood that the smooth rolls, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 7 are
preferred.
In such cases however as it is necessary to use fluted rolls 1 may form the flutes
spirally on one or both rolls as illustrated in Fig. 10 in order that the flutes may
not intermesh, such flutes forming one portion of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In draw rolls used for all or any processes of preparing cotton or other
fibrous materials for spinning the combination of the spur pinions driving the
internal spindle of the top roll direct from the bottom roll and the loose sleeve or

page_text: boss free to revolve upon the said spindle substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The solid top draw roll driven by independent frictional gearing direct from
the bottom roll in combination with the drag link coupling device allowing
independent vertical movement of the rolls substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. The solid top draw roll driven by independent frictional gearing direct from
the bottom roll in combination with the Hooke's joint coupling device substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
"
4. The spindle of the top draw roll driven by independent frictional gearing
and the drag link or "Hookes joint or other device mechanically equivalent
thereto in combination with the loose boss or sleeve substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. The weighting bridle provided with antifriction rollers applied to solid top
rolls whether independently driven or not and to the spindles of loose bosses
when the said spindles are driven substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In draw rolls used for all or any processes of preparing cotton or other
fibrous materials for spinning the top draw roll independently driven by a
driving band whose tension supplies the necessary pressure for frictional driving
and also the desired normal pressure of the top roll upon the lower roll sub-
stantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
7. In drawing machinery the driving band whose desired tension is supplied
by the determined weight of the free hanging driving pulley or drum substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbetore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
8. In drawing machinery the driving band whose desired tension is supplied
by an independent jockey pulley controlled by a spring or weight substantially
as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
9. The internal spindle driven and weighted by a band in combination with
the loose boss or sleeve substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
10. The top or bottom draw roll whose surfaces is fluted spirally in com-
bination with and working with a smooth roll substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
11. The top or bottom roll whose surface is fluted spirally in combination with
and working with a roll having parallel flutings substantially as hereinbefore
described.
12. The top roll having spiral flutings in combination with any of the herein-
described methods of driving or any mechanical equivalent thereof.
13. The loose boss or sleeve having spiral flutings in combination with any of
the herein-described methods of driving the internal spindle or any mechanical
equivalent thereof.
Dated this 29th day of August 1895.
EDGAR CONISTON MILLS,
Agent to the Applicant.