Improvements in the Manufacture of Rings for Lining the Bolt-holes of Railway-chairs, and for other purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 29th Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Rings for Lining the Bolt-holes
of Railway-chairs, and for other purposes.
I, ADRIEN ALBERT COLLET, of 2, Rue de Berne, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention relates to the manufacture of conical rings intended to receive the
fastenings of railway-chairs, that is to say, to line the holes in the feet of such chairs
through which pass the fixing screws.
Hitherto such conical wooden rings have been inserted in the holes of the chairs
and then covered with an iron washer, the screws being afterwards passed through
them into the sleeper until they press with more or less force upon the washer.
This method of operation is objectionable for the following reasons:- -The
wooden rings, after being made in the lathe, generally remain some time either in
the workshop or warehouse before being used; consequently the wood becomes
warped and the ring misshapen. Moreover, the washers being independent of the
rings, great care is necessary in applying them.
According to my invention I connect the metal washer to the conical wooden ring
when manufacturing the same so that it becomes a single and complete article.
In some cases, for example, where the permanent way is to be laid in very moist
ground, particularly in tanuels where the employment of oak would not be satis-
factory, I manufacture the conical rings from ash and compressed wood, because
ash although very hard possesses the required elasticity and considerable resistance
to pressure besides which, being very resinous, it lasts for a long time. In this case
the rings do not require to be provided with washers although they may be so
provided if desired.
A suitable means of attaching the washer (which is preferably stamped out of
sheet metal into a slightly concave form in section) is by points or prongs cut in the
body of the washer and then turned over so that they project from the underside of
the washer.
The hole of the washer is of a diameter slightly larger than the mouth of the
conical ring so as to avoid any contact with the body of the bolt.
The washer thus made is fixed to the ring by hand or by means of a suitable
tool.
If required the washer can be made with a flange or rim or projections so as to
embrace the edge of the wooden ring. It can be fixed by the said rim or projec-
tions clamping the edge of the ring, or by means of prongs or points as hereinbefore
described, or by other suitable means.
By connecting the ring and washer in the manner hereinbefore described the
operation of fixing the rails is greatly simplified, the ring is much less liable to
split, and the ring and washer can be manufactured in advance and stored without
fear of deformation. When the ring is struck to force it into the holes of the chair
the hammer will strike on the metal washer and will not break or deform the wood
as would inevitably be the case when employing the ordinary wooden ring, and the
washer cannot get out of place during the screwing of the bolt. As the washer
covers the whole surface of the end of the ring there is no risk of it entering the
wood under the pressure of the bolt as is the case with ordinary rings.
My covered ring can be produced at a cost scarcely exceeding that of the ordinary
separate ring and washer. The washer can be always re-used, and as a good
quality of metal is indispensable for the manufacture of my connected washer it is
less subject to oxidation. Further, the ring being metal-bound or hooped it can,

page_text: without inconvenience, be left projecting further from the chair than heretofore in
order to allow of further adjustment.
It will be obvious that my connected ring and washer is applicable for all
purposes where a bushing or lining is required to a screw or bolt-hole.
Dated this 12th day of May 1892.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Rings for Lining the Bolt-holes
of Railway-chairs, and for other purposes.
I, ADRIEN ALBERT COLLET, of 2, Rue de Berne, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of conical rings intended to receive the
fastenings of railway-chairs, that is to say, to line the holes in the feet of such
chairs through which pass the fixing screws.
'
(
Hitherto such conical wooden rings have been inserted in the holes of the
chairs and then covered with an iron washer, the screws being afterwards passed
through them into the sleeper until they press with more or less force upon the
washer.
This method of operation is objectionable for the following reasons. The wooden
rings, after being made in the lathe, generally remain some time either in the
workshop or warehouse before being used; consequently the wood becomes warped
and the ring misshapen. Moreover, the washers being independent of the rings,
great care is necessary in applying them.
According to my invention I connect the metal washer to the conical wooden
ring when manufacturing the same so that it becomes a single and complete
article.
In some cases, for example, where the permanent way is to be laid in very moist
ground, particularly in tunnels where the employment of oak would not be satis-
factory, I manufacture the conical rings from ash or compressed wood, because ash
although very hard possesses the required elasticity and considerable resistance
to pressure besides which, being very resinous, it lasts for a long time. In this
case the rings do not require to be provided with washers although they may be
so provided if desired.
A suitable means of attaching the washer (which is preferably stamped out of
.sheet metal into a slightly concave form in section) is by points or prongs cut in
the body of the washer and then turned over so that they project from the under-
side of the washer.
The hole of the washer is of a diameter slightly larger than the mouth of the
conical ring so as to avoid any contact with the body of the bolt.
The washer thus made is fixed to the ring by hand or by means of a suitable
.tool.
If required the washer can be made with a flange or rim or projections so as to
embrace the edge of the wooden ring. It can be fixed by the said rim or pro-
jections clamping the edge of the ring, or by means of prongs or points as herein-
before described, or by other suitable means.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by reference to the accompanying drawing in which :-
Figures 1 to 6 represent the first type, in which the washer is stamped out and
is of a slightly concave form in section; it is simply fixed over the top of the
wooden ring.
Figure is a vertical section of the ring and washer.

page_text: Figure 2 is a plan ;
Figures 3 and 4 are respectively a section and a plan of the washer.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the ring, and
Figure 6 is a plan of the underside.
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 represent the second type in which the washer is stamped.
out in the form of a cap, which is shewn in detail in Figures 9 and 10.
Figures 11 and 12 are respectively a vertical section and a plan of a ring the
washer of which has its edges chamfered off and turned down as shewn.
Figures 13 and 14 are a section and a plan respectively of a square washer
with rounded corners.
The wooden ring a in both types is made by any suitable means from ordinary
wood when it is intended to be covered with a washer and from ash or compressed
wood when the permanent way is to be laid in moist ground, tunnels &c. in which
case the washer can be dispensed with, the ash and the compressed wood affording
all the required resistance under the blows of the hammer or the action of tightening
the bolt.
On the upper surface of the ring I place a washer made of sheet iron or steel b.
of a sufficient thickness and of an exterior diameter exactly corresponding to the
exterior diameter of the said surface. The hole c of the washer is of a diameter
slightly larger than the mouth d of the conical hole of the wooden ring so as to
avoid any contact with the body of the bolt and serves to receive the round
portion or conge of the latter which connects the body to the head.
The washer is fixed in place by any suitable means preferably by means of points.
or prongs cut in the body of the washer and then turned over perpendicularly
and caused to project from the underside of the same. These points may be two,.
three or four in number.
The washer thus made is fixed by hand or by means of a suitable tool.
I do not confine myself to this method of manufacture of my prong washers.
which may comprise one or two channels cut out with suitable tools.
In the type shewn in Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 the washer 6 is stamped with a
flange b' so as to exactly enclose the upper part of the wooden ring. It can be
fixed by simple adherence or by bending the flange upon the wood, or, as shewn,.
by the points or prongs f entering the wood. The flange ' can be continuous or
may consist of a certain number of projections.
In the washer shewn in Figures 11 and 12 the edges are chamfered off and
turned down and sunk into the upper part of the ring and in a large measure assist.
in maintaining the ring in position and preventing any deformation; in this.
arrangement as in that shewn in Figures 1 and 2 the washer does not project.
beyond the ring.
The washer shewn in Figures 13 and 14 will be found very economical inasmuch
as in cutting it out of the sheet iron there will be the least possible amount of
waste.
By connecting the ring and washer in the manner hereinbefore described the
operation of fixing the rails is greatly simplified and the washer being so to speak,.
integral with the wooden ring ensures the perfect gauging of the ring and the
concentric bearing of its hole; the ring is much less liable to split, and the ring
and washer can be manufactured in advance and stored without fear of deformation..
When the ring is struck to force it into the holes of the chair the hammer will
strike on the metal washer and will not break or deform the wood as would
inevitably be the case when employing the ordinary wooden ring, and the washer
being securely fixed on the ring cannot get out of place during the screwing of the
bolt. As the washer covers the whole surface of the wood there is no risk of
the washer entering the ring and breaking the wood under the pressure of the bolt.
as is the case with ordinary rings.
My covered ring can be produced at a cost scarcely exceeding that of the
ordinary separate ring and washer. The washer can be always re-used, and as a
good quality of metal is indispensable for the manufacture of my connected washer

page_text: it is less subject to oxidation. Further, the metal-bound or hooped rings can.
without inconvenience, be left projecting further from the chair than heretofore in
order to allow of further adjustment.
It will be obvious that my connected ring and washer is applicable for all
purposes where a bushing or lining is required to a screw or bolt-hole.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. As a new article of manufacture a wooden ring with a metal washer connected
thereto serving for lining the holes of railway chairs, the said connected washer
being inter posed between the wood and the bolt, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. Washers manufactured with points or prongs adapted to enter the wooden
rings mentioned in the preceding claiming clause for the purpose of fixing the
washers on the rings, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. Washers having flanges made by stamping or otherwise, with or without
points or prongs, which are fixed on the top of the wooden rings, the said flanges
or projecting portions being continuous or partial substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the accompanying
drawing.
4. As a new article of manufacture a ring made of ash or compressed wood with
or without washers connected thereto and serving more particularly for use with
railway-chairs placed on moist ground or in tunnels, etc. substantially as herein-
before described.
5. The improvements in the manufacture of rings for lining the bolt-holes of
railway-chairs and for other purposes herein before described and illustrated in the
several figures of the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 13th day of February 1893.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.