AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF MALTING, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Patent Agent, for the Invention of “AN
IMPROVED SYSTEM OF MALTING, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
-A communication from abroad by Nicolas Joseph Galland, of
Paris, France, Engineer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th June 1874.
:
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF MALTING, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN,” being a communication to me from abroad by Nicolas
Joseph Galland, of Paris, France, Engineer, to be as follows:-
In malting by the usual mcans the operation can only be performed
.advantageously in moderate temperatures, and the great heat of summer

page_text: and the extreme cold of winter are prejudicial if they do not entirely
prevent the process: Now this Invention, which I call the pneumatic
system of malting, enables the process to be performed at all times of
the year irrespective of the temperature.
The improved apparatus employed in malting consists of a closed
vessel provided with a false bottom, on which the barley is placed. This
vessel is connected by pipes to an injector and to two cisterns, one con-
taining lumps of ice and the other pieces of stone or other material kept
wet and to the atmosphere. When the injector is set to work a current
of cold, damp, or dry air is made to circulate through the barley or
partially prepared malt.
The malt is supplied to these
The cold, damp, or dry air is
Another part of the apparatus consists of damping cisterns which are
in communication with the germinating chambers provided with per-.
forated floors on which the malt is spread.
chambers in wagons travelling on rails.
made to circulate through the malt by a system of pipes communicating
with the damping cisterns or with the ice cistern, or with the air, and
with a force pump or other equivalent.
When the germinating process is complete the malt is dried by heated
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Bernoulli

page_text: "
Barlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF MALTING, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
being a communication to me from abroad by Nicolas Joseph Galland,
of Paris, France, Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
In malting by the usual means the operation can only be performed
advantageously in moderate temperatures, and the great heat of summer
ind the extreme cold of winter are prejudicial to if they do not entirely
prevent the process. Now this Invention, which I call the " pneumatio
system" of malting, enables the process to be performed at all times of
the year irrespective of the temperature.
The improved apparatus employed in malting consists of a closed
vessel provided with a false bottom, on which the barley is placed. This
vessel is connected by pipes to an injector and to two cisterns, one con-
taining lumps of ice and the other pieces of stone or other material
kept wet and to the atmosphere. When the injector is set to work a
current of cold, damp, or dry air is made to circulate through the barley
or partially prepared malt.
Another part of the apparatus consists of damping cisterns, which are
in communication with the germinating chambers provided with per-
forated floors on which the malt is spread. The malt is supplied to these
chambers in waggons travelling on rails. The cold, damp, or dry air is
made to circulate through the malt by a system of pipes communicating
1

page_text: of the vessel A, is in communication with the atmosphere by the tap R,
and it is connected by the pipes a', a², to the vessels V, V₁; the former
contains wet stones or wool, and the latter contains ice. In order to
obtain cold air saturated with moisture it is drawn from the vessel V
containing stones wet with fresh water at from 10 to 12 degrees. The
temperature of the atmosphere will generally suffice for good.germina-
tion. If however colder air is required it must be drawn from the
vessel V¹ after having closed the tap in the pipe a¹ and the tap R.
A mixture of the two currents of air from the vessels V, V', gives all
the variations in temperature required, say, from 6 to 15 degrees, but if
warmer air is required the tap R can be opened. The air may also be
admitted to the under side of the false bottom in the vessel A by the
pipe a, and a hygrometer may also be placed in the said vessel.
The current of air from above is necessary to expel the carbonic acid,
but it cools the upper layer of barley more than the lower ones; it is
thereby desirable when the carbonic acid is removed to reverse the
current, and that can be done by the pipes a³ and a*, as shown by the
arrows.
Figs. 2 and 3 represent a sectional elevation and plan of a large
pneumatic malting apparatus. The compartments V, V', full of broken
stones, as in the preceding case, are intended to refresh and moisten the
air, may particularly in the cool nights of summer serve as accumu-
lators of cool air, and the space E above the perforated floor H of the
chamber G, G', may be ventilated at night without fear of drying the
malt. The chambers G, G¹, are supplied with waggons h, h¹, running on
rails placed lengthways of the chambers, and they are supplied with
saturated air by the branches i from the main pipe I, which is in com-
munication with the compartments V, V'; these branches have taps or
valves to distribute the air in the germinating chambers. The carbonic
acid is carried off by the branches j. and the main pipe J; these operations
can be performed by an air pump actuated by the driving engine or
otherwise.
This improved system of malting can be carried on advantageously at all
times of the year; the temperatures and the airing of the layers of barley
when germinating can be regulated to any degree, and the labour and
space are reduced; there is also a great saving in the barley, as by the

page_text: old system many grains were crushed during the operation of shovelling.
The tender radicles are also not broken off.
According to the pneumatic system of malting the air is supplied to
the grain to ventilate and cool it, whereas in the old system the grain
was agitated in the air for effecting the same object. When the malt
has germinated sufficiently it must be taken to the kiln to be dried to
stop the germinating and to carry off the moisture. The preliminary
drying can be performed in the germinating chamber by introducing dry
and warm air instead of damp cold air. The air can be heated by the
flues of the boiler or in any other convenient manner, and it is distributed 1
by pipes.
Fig. 4 is a section of a germinating apparatus, in which A is a flue for
cold damp air; A' the exhaust flue connected to the pumps; S, S¹, are
pipes with valves to reverse the direction of the currents. Hot and dry
air is supplied by another flue which is in communication with the upper
part of the apparatus. V is the germinating chamber, and V₁ the per-
forated false bottom on which the grain rests, and V2 is the plug for
cleaning out:
1
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, and the manner
of performing the same as communicated to me by the within named 2
Nicolas Joseph Galland, I declare that I claim, the improved system of
malting as shewn and described, and the apparatus employed therein.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
H. B. BARLOW. (L.S.)
2