A CERTAIN METHOD OF EXPANDING OR STRETCHING CLOTH, AND KEEPING IT EVEN DURING THE PROCESS OF WEAVING AND OF PRESERVING THE SALVAGES THEREOF;
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
JONES and THOMAS JONES, both of Marple, in the County of Chester,
Weavers, send greeting.
WHEREAS we did, by Petition, represent unto His most Excellent Majesty
King William the Fourth that, we had invented "A CERTAIN METHOD OF
EXPANDING OR STRETCHING CLOTH, AND KEEPING IT EVEN DURING THE PROCESS OF
WEAVING AND OF PRESERVING THE SALVAGES THEREOF;" and His Majesty being
willing to encourage all useful inventions, did issue His Letters Patent under
the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day
of May, in the third year of His reign, whereby His said Majesty did, for
Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Henry
Jones and Thomas Jones, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, His especial licence
that we, the said Henry Jones and Thomas Jones, our exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry Jones and Thomas Jones, our
exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion
of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our said Invention; in
which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said
Henry Jones and Thomas Jones, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and

page_text: immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Henry Jones and Thomas Jones, do hereby declare that the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is and
are described and ascertained in the manner following, reference being had
for further illustration to the Drawings which accompany this Specification.
In the Drawings the Figures are of the full size of the several parts of our
apparatus. In all the Figures the same and similar parts are marked or
indicated by the same letters or numerical figures. Our Invention of A
certain Method of Expanding or Stretching Cloth, and keeping it Even during
the Process of Weaving, and of Preserving the Salvages thereof, consists in a
new form and construction of that instrument or apparatus, employed in the
process of weaving, which is commonly known to weavers and to mechanics
by or under the name of "temples," our object having been to cause the same
to be actuated by the working movements of the loom (whether hand or
power) in such manner as to make the temples follow the progress of the
work in the loom without the intervention or agency of the weaver to shift its
position on the cloth from time to time. Our improved temples are con-
structed conformably with the following description, as illustrated by the
Drawings. A 1, A 2, represent two boxes of gun metal or other appropriate
material, shewn in plan in Figure 1, and in side elevation in Figure 2. A 1
shews the box with its lid on complete; A 2 exhibits a box with the lid
removed to display the interior mechanism, which is similar in both. The
cavity of each of these boxes is occupied by two smaller boxes of metal, and
by a notched cylinder. These two smaller boxes d, d, lying side by side,
occupy the whole width of the cavity of the containing box, and have liberty
of sliding motion endways independently of each other, being held in contact
with the bottom of containing box by projecting blocks from the lid which
reach the upper edges or surfaces of the smaller boxes. To the bottoms of
the boxes d, d, are attached, by pins or screws, the inner extremities of the
arms of the temples in such way as to allow side motion to the arms in
turning on the retaining pins or screws as centres, and held from rising by
transverse steady pins e, e, which go through holes in the arms. The arms
are pressed against the front side of the boxes by springs f, f, affixed to
the other side. The boxes d, d, have their inner ends, which are rounded
from the upper side, pressed in contract with the notched cylinder g by means
of spiral springs h held by suitable blocks on the lids of the larger boxes, and
connected with the arms of the temples so as to draw them inwards either by

page_text: wires extended to hook upon a staple or loop connected with the head of the
temples or attached to the arm as it passes out of the box. Both modes are
indicated in the Drawings. In each box A, near to that end of it which may
be considered as occupying or approaching to the middle of the temples, is
situated the notched cylinder 9 before alluded to, the axis of which turns in
holes in the sides of the box. The forms of the notches will be understood on
inspecting the Drawings 9 A 2, Figure 1, 9 A 2, Figure 2. Supposing a
circumferential line to be drawn on the surface of the cylinder midway betwixt
its extremities, such line will coincide with the line of seperation between
the two boxes d, d, Figure 1. Now the two notches in the cylinder are so
made as to permit the ends of the boxes d, d, to be in succession pressed into
them by the action of the spiral springs, and again forced out by the cylinder
as it is made to revolve on its axis. Each notch of the cylinder is made by
removing a portion of its material through one half of its length and one
fourth of its circumference, to the depth of about seven sixteenths of an inch,
and the two notches are so placed in reference to each other as to occupy
together the same half of the circumference of the cylinder; (that is to say,)
a line drawn lengthways of the cylinder on its surface will mark the boundary
of the two notches as the commencement of one and the termination of the
other in the rotation of the cylinder. The effect of this construction of the
cylinder is, that during one half of its revolution it maintains an uniform and
equal extension of the two arms of the temples, the inner ends of the boxes
of which are pressed against its circumference by the spiral springs; but as
soon as the first notch, in the course of rotation, comes to coincide with
the end of the first box d, that box is forced into the notch by the spring,
and its outer extremity or head recedes so much from the selvage of the
cloth as is equal to the depth of the notch. The end of the first box d
having dropped into the correspondent notch of the cylinder it begins
almost immediately to be pressed out again by the opposite side of the
notch as the cylinder revolves, and just as it has restored the first arm to its
former state of extension the second box d recedes into its appropriate notch,
and is in turn pressed out again by the continued rotation of the cylinder, so
as to restore the former extension of the arm, which is maintained alike in
both arms during the succeeding semi-rotation of the cylinder, at the end of
which time the first or leading arm again recedes into its notch, and the series
of actions above described is renewed. Each arm is maintained by the
cylinder at its greatest state of extension during three fourths of the revo-
lution, and they fall into their respective notches, so as to withdraw their
points from the selvage of the cloth and advance to take a fresh hold imme-
diately in succession. The construction of the heads of the temples, of which

page_text: there are four D, D, D, D, Figure 1, will be understood by inspection of the
Drawings, Figures 1 and 2. From the upper plate of the head, which is
screwed upon the expanded extremity of the arm, so as to secure the holding
points betwixt them, a spur piece rises, to which is hinged a backing piece
having the same extension below as the width of the head plate, and where
its projecting ledge inwards meets the row of points it has a furrow or groove
to receive them. The projecting ledge of the backing piece is pressed
towards the holding points by a spring, either the long spiral which draws in-
wards the arms or a short bent spring screwed on the crown of the spur piece.
The office of this backing piece is to hold up the selvage of the cloth whilst
the points are withdrawn by the recession of the arm, so that they can re-enter
when the arm is protruded to take a fresh hold. The two boxes A 1, A 2, are
supported on and screwed to an iron bridge which springs from the upper
surface of the breast beam near its two ends. The bridge rises high enough
to allow the cloth to pass beneath it; and its middle stage, carrying the boxes,
advances a few inches forward to bring the temples over that part of the cloth
where the stretching should be begun. The arms of the temples, which may
be either of flat bar or rod, must be elbowed or curved downwards, so as to
bring the under surfaces of the heads to about the level of the cloth; but the
heads do not rest upon the cloth in working, but upon two plates of steel
h, h, which project forward from the bridge, and which we call "doctors."
These plates facilitate the movements of the heads and the detachment of the
points from the selvage, which being also, during the recession of the arm,
pressed up against the edge of the plate by the backing piece, is thus
prepared for the re-entry of the points. As the cloth is taken up by the
work roller in the progress of weaving the heads are carried backward for
some distance by the selvage, this movement of the arm being permitted by
its liberty of lateral motion on the retaining screw or pin in its box d. This
carrying backward of the heads continues during the whole of the period that
the ends of the boxes d are pressing against the circumference of the revolving
cylinder, but when the notch arrives and the points withdraw their hold from
the selvage, the side springs f throw forward the arm again, and prepare the
head to take an advanced hold of the cloth. The mechanism of the temples
is put in motion from the working of the loom in the following manner :—
Projecting plates or spur pieces, from the backs of the large boxes A, carry a
shaft B, on which are set two mitre wheels a, a, attached to bosses furnished
with set screws, so that they may be fixed on any part of the shaft. The two
mitre wheels a, a, work into two fellow mitres b, b, on the axis of the tumbler
cylinders g. The shaft B is turned through a connecting shaft attachment to
a ratchet wheel carried in a bearing from the framing of the loom near to

page_text: one side of it, so as to receive motion from a pushing bar fixed on the lathe
or batten at every stroke. The count of the ratchet wheel may vary indif-
ferently within a certain range, say from forty to fifty, so that it effects a
complete revolution of the tumbling roller g in sufficiently short time to keep
the temple heads up to their work. The boxes A may be set at different
distances apart on the bridge to accommodate the temples to the width of the
cloth, the mitre wheels a being adjustable to gear on the shaft B by their
bosses and set screws.
Having now described our Invention of A certain Method of Expanding or
Stretching Cloth, and keeping it Even during the Process of Weaving and of
Preserving the Selvages thereof, and the mechanical means by which the
same is to be carried into effect, we declare that we claim as of our Invention
the apparatus or machine known to weavers under the name of "temples,"
as we have herein described and set forth the arrangement and construction
of the same, reserving to ourselves nevertheless the liberty of deviating in the
forms and proportions of subordinate parts from those now set down as
particular applications of the machine may call for; always provided, that in
such changes we shall not depart from the principles of the machine now
exhibited in the Specification. We do not claim any of those common parts
of the weaving apparatus herein incidentally mentioned in elucidation of the
action or application of our improved temples.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Jones and Thomas Jones, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the Second day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.