Improvements in or relating to Windows and their Sashes and Casements.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 8th Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Windows and their Sashes and
Casements.
I, HENRY CHALK WEBB of "Woodside," Saint Mary's Road, Hagley Road,
in the City of Birmingham, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this inven
tion to be as follows:
This invention relates to improvements in windows and their sashes and case-
ments, and has for its object the simplification of their construction, the preven-
tion of draft and rattling, the facilitation of their cleaning, and their safe locking
against burglars. By this invention the balance weights with their ropes and
pullies and the boxes wherein they are located and work, which are common
with ordinary window sashes and their casements, are entirely dispensed with ;
the mounting, arrangement, and working of the sash parts according to this
invention being entirely different therefrom.
A window constructed according to this invention consists of an ordinary
rectangular-shaped solid wooden frame-work, constituting a casement, having
channel like rabbited parts for the reception of the sashes to be hereinafter
described. The front sides of this casement or frame, that is to say, the sides
within the building, and, if necessary, the ends, are hingedly connected to the
casement or frame at their outer edges, so that they constitute fly sides or sides
and ends to the said casement, and are designed to open clear of the sashes.
The sashes themselves are not arranged one in front of the other and to slide or
pull up and down, (as in the ordinary construction of windows) but are arranged
one above the other in a direct line, and are horizontally pivotted and connected
to swing within the said frame or casement. The trunnions thereof work within
metal bearer brackets attached to the inner walls of the casing or frame, and
the said brackets are so constructed that each sash shall work independently
of the other, and can be taken bodily out of position within the frame or case-
ment by way of the fly sides for cleaning or other purposes. The top and bottom
bars of the sashes are rabbeted, so as to fit draught-tight within their casing
and against each other when in their closed positions, and their faces may be
lined with felt or other suitable material to make a better joint.
The said sashes are preferably arranged to swing in one direction only, and a
frictional pressure pin, or its equivalent, is arranged in connection with each
of their trunnions to make stiff joints, and so retain the sashes in any position
when opened.
The fly sides or sides and ends, as aforesaid, constitute the governing means
for the sashes, it being impossible to open the latter in any way until the said
fly sides have been first thrown back upon their hinges, so as to be clear of the
sash sides which they overlap when closed. Screwed bolts or their equivalents
are provided working through the fly sides and into screw nuts fixed in the
sashes, to effectively clamp the sashes and fly sides rigidly together, and to the
casement or frame-work when the whole of the parts are closed,

page_text: The fly sides may be divided up into two or more hinged parts, so as to allow
either sash to be opened, and, at the same time, the other sash to be closed and
locked draught tight and, if necessary, a strip of felt or other suitable material
may be fitted to their inner faces to make a better and yielding joint with the
sashes.
The fly sides may, if necessary, be hollowed about their middles on their inner
faces so as to grip the sashes at two points only at top and bottom, and a metallic
strip or stay may be inserted to prevent the material of which the fly sides are
composed from warping.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 11, Burlington Chambers, New Street, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Windows and their Sashes and
Casements.
I HENRY CHALK WEBB of "Woodside," Saint Mary's Road, Hagley Road,
in the City of Birmingham Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
―:
This invention relates to windows and their sashes and casements, and consists
in certain improvements in their arrangement and construction having for their
object the simplification of their construction and reduction of the number of
their parts, their safe locking against burglars, the facilitation of their cleaning,
and the prevention of all draught and rattling in boisterous weather.
By this invention the balance weights with their ropes and pullies, which are
so common with ordinary window sashes and their frames, and also the boxes
wherein they are located and work are entirely dispensed with; the arrangement,
working and mounting of the sashes according to this invention being entirely
different from those of windows in general.
A window constructed according to this invention has its sashes disposed in a
direct line with each other, or, in other words, one above or at the side of the
other, and hingedly or jointedly connected to the framing or casement, so that
they do not slide either vertically or horizontally up or down but open inwardly
and outwardly upon trunnions or pivots, their movement being controlled by fly
fronts or facings hingedly connected to the sides of the frame or casement so
as to close upon the said sashes, to retain them, or to fold back, to free or clear
them, as the case may be.
In the accompanying sheets of drawings the invention is illustrated, Fig. 1
representating a front elevation of a window with its, sashes arranged vertically
and in a direct line one above the other. In this view the fly sides or facings,
which are the governing means to the sashes, are each divided, and one pair
or side is represented open and the other pair or side closed; also in this view
is shown the general fly fittings and likewise the bracket bearings
into and within which the trunnions of the sashes take and work.
Fig. 2 represents a transverse vertical section of Fig. 1 taken through the sashes,
and Fig. 3 is a like view as Fig. 2 but shows the fly sides and sashes open.
These last two Figs. clearly show the arrangement of the sashes to swing within
the casement and to close in a direct line one over and above the other, and
:.

page_text: also how the said sashes are controlled by the, fly sides. Fig. 4 is a horizontal
section showing one of the trunnions and bearer brackets of the sashes and
casement in their working positions, and Figs. 5 and 6 are separate views thereof,
the latter being the trunnion.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the whole of the Figs.
The window frame or casement a is built up in the ordinary way of sides a², a³,
and top and bottom members a, a, and between these parts the sashes c d are
mounted and arranged. The construction of the said sashes are alike, each con-
sisting of a closing rail c², d², a meeting rail 3, d³, and styles c, d, and each is
mounted within the confines of the frame members, so as to nicely fit them, upon
trunnions e, e2, through bracket bearers e³ e; the said trunnions and bearers
being hereinafter more fully described. The closing rails of the said sashes
shut against outside and inside abutment rails c, d, and the meeting rails
close against beadings c, d, for the purpose of making good the joints of the
said rails with the parts of the window frame and themselves; the positions of
the sashes at this time being shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The sashes c, d, can swing within the casement independent of each other, and
each is so mounted within the casement confines that it can be taken out of the
same easily and quickly for all purposes such as cleaning or getting through
furniture. To admit of this the bracket bearers e³ are simply metal plates with
open mouthed oblique slots terminating in a pocket, and the brackets e metallic
socketted parts with a fold away hinged front closed by a screw pin, one of the
last named brackets being set forth separately in Fig. 5. The trunnions e,
which take into the open mouthed slots of the brackets e², are simply circular
pins or pegs
carried by a bracket fixed to the styles of the one side of the
sashes, but the trunnions e² are bulbous or ball-ended ones as shown separately
in Fig. 6, and these are adapted to be clamped between the seatings of the
brackets e and the seating in the folding front thereof, so that by frictional
pressure upon these bulbous-headed trunnions, through the screwing up of the
set pin, the angle of the sashes can be adjusted and retained.
The governing means to the sashes are the fly sides or facings f, g, which are
hingedly connected at f2, 92, to the casement sides and extend the full longitudinal
length of the combined sashes. In the form of window shown in the drawings
the fly sides or facings are divided, that is to say, each side or facing consists
of two independent hinged parts m, m2, their divisional line being opposite the
meeting rails of the sashes. These divided fly sides are for the purpose of
allowing one sash to be opened without interfering with the other, which may
be closed, and each is provided with independent means for folding it in its
closed position viz.:-that of locking the opening of the window sashes. The
upper pair of fly sides control the top sash and the lower pair control the bottom
sash and, when in their closed positions, overlap the sashe's styles, as shown on
the right hand side of Fig. 1 and in Fig. 2, but when open clear the said styles
as shown on the left hand side of Fig. 1 and also in Fig. 3.
The closing fittings of the upper pair of fly sides consist of snap latches o of a
well known construction, the same being operated in one direction by pull cords o³.
The closing fittings of the lower pair of fly sides consist of handle turns s and
clamping screw parts s2, the latter comprising a screwed socket 3 affixed within
the casement sides and a rotating screwed pin fitted to revolve through the fly
sides, the screwed end of the said pin being adapted to take into the central
screwed box of the socket, and thereby pull up the fly tight to the side of the
sash and the casement.
The fly sides are the fastening and governing means of the sashes, as it is
impossible to open the latter in any way until the said sides have been first
thrown back or opened upon their hinges in order to clear the sides of the sashes
which they overlap, and, if necessary, these fly sides can be fitted with an actual
lock and key in order to prevent their being opened surreptitiously. The said
fly sides may also have their inner faces hollowed out, so that they will only

page_text: grip the sashes at two or four points viz.:-top and bottom or top, bottom and
inner and outer edges, and, if necessary, a metallic strip may be inserted and
longitudinally affixed thereto to prevent the material of which they are composed
from warping.
The abutment faces of the closing and meeting rails may be felt lined, as
also may the inner surfaces of the fly sides, which will aid, when the fly sides
are pulled up and locked, in rendering the window draught-tight.
It will be seen from the drawings that the depth of the top member or frieze
board a of the window casement is increased in order to accommodate the depth
of a venetian blind when closed or pulled up, and allow it to stand clear of the
top sash and fly sides.
It is obvious that more than two sashes can be arranged to swing within the
casement and come into line, and that the fly sides may be either in one piece
or divided into a number of pieces to suit the different requirements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. In a window, constructing and arranging the sashes to swing within the
confines of the casement and to close in a direct line with each other, or one on
the top or at the side of the other, for the purpose substantially as described.
Second. In a window, constructing and arranging the sashes to swing within
the confines of the casement and to close in a direct line with each other, and
governing their opening and closing and locking them by fly sides or facings,
substantially as described and set forth.
Third. In combination in a window, a pair of swinging sashes mounted within
the casement confines and arranged to close in a direct line or one over or above
the other, a pair of divided fly sides or facings hinged to the sides of the case-
ment and adapted to govern the opening of the sashes, and a window casement
consisting of sides and top and bottom members and having abutment
rails, substantially as described.
Fourth. In a window such as described, the combination of a casement a pro-
vided with pairs of folding fly sides or facings m, m2, fitted with closing fittings, a
pair of swinging sashes c, d, mounted within the confines of the casement so as
to close one over the other in a direct line, beadings fixed to the meeting
rails of the said sashes, and brackets by which one of the trunnions of each
of the sashes are carried and the positions of the said sashes adjusted and retained
substantially as described.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
11, Burlington Chambers, New Street, Birmingham,
Also of Liverpool, London, and Manchester, Agents for Applicant.