IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, AND MAKING JOINTS AND CONNEC TIONS OF PIPES
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSIAI
GEORGE JENNINGS, of Great Charlotte Street, Blackfriars Road, Plumber and
Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, in the tenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Josiah
George Jennings, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Josiah George Jennings,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Josiah George
Jennings, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, AND MAKING JOINTS AND CONNEC
TIONS OF PIPES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that
I, the said Josiah, George Jennings, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and

page_text: immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Josiah George Jennings, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention relates, first, to improvements in valves of water-closets; and,
secondly, my Invention relates to improvements in making joints and con-
nections of pipes.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me
in carrying out the various improvements.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side view of a basin and apparatus, of a water-closet
having part of my, improvements applied thereto; Figure 2 is a plan thereof;
Figure 3 is a back view thereof, and Figure 4 is a section. In each of these
Figures the same letters indicate the same parts. a is the basin; 6 is the
valve, the peculiar arrangements, and action of which constitutes the first part
of my improvements. To the under part of the valve 6, is affixed the plate c
by a screw and nut., d is another plate, connected to the plate è by means of
four connecting links or rods e, e; the plate d is affixed to the rod f, which
passes, through a stuffing box. 9 is the handle by which the valve 6 is moved,
such handle being connected by its, stem to the crank lever h, as shown, the
crank lever h moving on a pin joint at h', carried by the arm h³, fixed to an
axis moving in bearings, as shewn, and the lever h at its angle h³ is attached
to the lever h. On the axis of the arm h³ is fixed the arm h³, which is forked
at its end, and has a pin passing through, the slotted upright ho, to which the
valve rod is attached. The pulling up of the handle will cause the slotted
upright to move out and draw with it the valve, the upright being guided
by fixed guides h', and he is a weight on an arm to bring back the parts.
The valve b, when acted on, first descends a short distance and then quickly
recedes, i is an overflow pipe, which enters into the small cistern and dips
under, the water therein, and when the cistern overflows the water descends,
through the opening, through which a brush passes, against which the
valve 6 moves as it goes back and returns and is cleansed.

page_text: Figure 5 shows a section of a valve for supplying water-closets with water;
and Figure 6 is the section of another valve; that at 'Figure 5 is actuated by
á pull and lever, and that of Figure 6 is lifted by the top of the spindle, as
heretofore. The valve a is composed of the plate ; and facing of leather;
the upper edge of the cylinder y forming the seat, being brought to an edge,
as shown! is the stem of the valve, having a fixed collar fixed thereon,
on to which the disc of leather is placed, and the same is made fast by
means of the nut and plate a screwed on to the top of the spindle of the
valve. By this arrangement the valve may be' re-leathered with much greater
facility than those heretofore used, as it will only be necessary to unscrew
the plate or nut, remove the old leather, place on a fresh one, and screw
down the nut or plate: Figure 7 shows' a plán and edge view of the washer
of leather, or it might be of gutta percha, ór of vulcanized' india-rubber; or
other suitable material. Figure 8 is a plan of the nut or plate a; Figure.9
is a section of the valve, and. Figure 10 is a plan and upper part of the
spindle of the valvė.
:..
:
I will now "'describe my improvements which relate to making joints and
connections of pipes: Figure 11 shows the section of the ends of two lead
pipes having connections or joints formed according to this part of my Inven
tion. The ends of the pipes are bent or beaten into flanches ww, after the
rings, hereafter mentioned; are put on. On one is placed a' ring. u with a
screw on the exterior, and on the other is placed a flanched ring and a
screw coupling t, by which the two ends of the pipes are drawn towards each
öther, there being a washer of leather or other suitablé materials between the
ends of the pipes. By this arrangement no soldering is required, and hence
this arrangement of screw joint differs very materially from the screw
couplings heretofore used, where soldering was necessary to connect the' pipes
with parts of the couplings. Figure 12:shows- a section of the screw' ring; an
edge view thereof, and a plan; and Figure 13, a section and plan of the:screw
coupling. I would remark that this coupling is suitable for other soft metal
pipes, and it may be used for other metal pipes; but for.irón and other. hard
metal pipes I prefer the coupling shown' in section at Figure 14,.where the
end of each pipe is formed with a flanch, and on one is placed' á screw.ring,
such as before described, and the parts are drawn together by a screw coupling,
very similar to that before described, there being a washer of leather or
other suitable material between the ends of the pipes.. Figure 15 shows the
flanched end of one of the pipes, which, separately, is not claimed by mé
Figure 16 shows a mode of making a joint and connection for a leather,

page_text: 7
gutta percha, or other flexible pipe with metal. r is a part of a flexible pipe ;
7 is a metal pipe, which may be short, as shown, suitable to be connected to
another, or long, according to the object to be accomplished; on the end of the
tube q is formed a screw. The end of the pipe q is forced into the end of the
piper, and then the screw coupling makes the connection a tight joint.
Figure 17 shews the section of a lead or other soft metal pipe connected to
an iron or hard metal pipe. In making this connection and joint, the end of
the lead or soft metal pipe is opened, so that the ring p with an internal screw
may be forced in, and then the end of the pipe is beaten inwards, so as to
close over the screw ring p. The end of the iron or hard metal pipe is formed
with a screw o to fit the screw ring p, and between the ends of the two pipes
a washer of leather or other suitable material is introduced. By these arrange-
ments a connection and good joint may be made between a hard and soft
metal pipe.
Figure 18 shows another joint and connection of two pipes. In this case
the couplings are not screws, but two rings, one having an opening formed
through projections, and the other having short stems, with eyes to receive
.cotters or keys. The end of each pipe is made with a flanch, and there is a
washer between them.
Figure: 19 shows a section, and Figure 20 an outside view, of a mode of
forming a connection of a pipe with a vessel or pipe. In the end of the
pipe n is formed two slits, into which is placed two tongues or axes, the ends
of the tongues being formed into catches; a screw is to be formed on the
exterior of the tube as shown, and also of the tongues; there is a circular ring
of vulcanized india rubber (n¹) put outside the tube n and inside the tongues,
by which the tongues will at all times have a tendency to spring open. There
is to be a hole formed in the vessel or pipe so as to admit the end of the pipe,
and as the tongues can move on their axes and come towards each other they
may readily be passed through the hole; and when through, by the india-
rubber spring, and by pressing on the ends of the tongues, the catches will
separate from each other, and then by screwing up the screw ring m against
the washer / the connection and joint will be made complete and tight.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would state that I do not confine myself to the
letails.herein shown and described, so long as the peculiar character of my
Invention be retained, nor do I claim any of the mechanical parts separately;
but what I claim is,-
First, the arrangement of valve and parts connected therewith, whereby the

page_text: valve first descends and then recedes, and the application of. a brush for
cleansing the valve. And I also claim the mode of constructing the valves
shewn at Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
And, secondly, I claim the various modes of making joints and connections
of pipes herein shown and described in respect to Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, and 20.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah George Jennings, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
JOSIAH GEORGE (L.s.) JENNINGS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid Josiah George Jennings came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.