IMPROVE- MENTS IN FASTENINGS OR LOCKS APPLICABLE TO LOCKS, BOLTS. LATCHES. SASHES, SHUTTERS, BAGS, AND ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE FASTENINGS ARE OR MAY BE REQUIRED
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Whitaker, of Wolverhampton, in the
County of Stafford, Pawnbroker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FASTENINGS OR LOCKS APPLICABLE TO LOCKS, BOLTS. LATCHES.
SASHES, SHUTTERS, BAGS, AND ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE FASTENINGS
ARE OR MAY BE REQUIRED."
Sealed the 18th June 1862, and dated the 21st December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Whitaker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st December 1868.
Wolverhampton, in the County
of
I, RICHARD WHITAKER, of
Stafford, Pawnbroker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS OR LOCKS APPLICABLE TO LOCKS,
BOLT, LATCHES, SASHES, SHUTTERS, BAGS, AND ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE
FASTENINGS ARE OR MAY BE REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
My improvements in fastenings are as follows:-I make the bolt by
preference of a segmental form and free to move on an axis. or round its
[Price 8d.]

page_text: outer edge in a box, case, or rim, or by a groove and fillet, The bolt
proper is provided with a projection or arm, or with projections or arms,
and sometimes with slots or grooves which through the action of key bits,
whether the ordinary bits or jointed bits or any description of bit at present
in use shoots or throws the bolt. Sometimes ward or wards is or are
formed on the radial arm of the bolt for the bit to throw the bolt, and in
some cases the bit of the key acts on one or more pins on the arm while the
pipe of the key fits over another piu. The fastening may be fixed externally
or internally. The lever or levers may be guarded by wards and detectors
or by any other means now in use.
Where the fastener is used as a door lock or sash fastener, as also in
other instances, I have found a simple staple very secure, as also the
ordinary box staples and striking plates. For sash fasteners, plates, staples,
and boxes may be used for the bolt to lock into, the fastener being applied
to any convenient part of the window, and the fastener being fixed on the
side or sides of the lower sash locks into a staple or staples, plate or plates,
of different and desirable lengths so as to prevent the sashes opening a
greater distance than required, thus rendering it necessary for any person
on the outside to break one or more squares of glass before he could open
the sash sufficiently to admit his body.
Where it is desired to use the bolt as a latch, I make the bolt to be acted
on by a spring and form a socket on the face plate to allow space for the
bolt to travel back.
When used as a lock to boxes made of wood, papier machie, and for
other purposes, the staple may pass through the lid or outer part of
work, or by screw, or by a simple link plate, or in any other convenient
manner in present use; it may be used as a padlock and for a flush or
other bolt or other fastener; it is also applicable to boxes usually made
of tin, iron, or other metal and used for holding different articles, such as
cash, deeds, papers, tea, coffee, sugar, spices, and ladies' and gentlemen's
dressing and working materials. In all these and many other articles,
the fastening being applied by preference externally, a great deal of space
is economized by giving the use of room now occupied by fixing the lock
internally.
For bags and similar appliances the fastener can be fixed in the
ordinary manner; it is also adaptable for a shirt or dress fastener; also
to vehicles having doors or hanging boards requiring fasteners; and also

page_text: for safes and for all purposes where the present methods of fastening
are liable to be rendered useless by pressure, strain, or decay of the parts
sought to be secured together.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Whitaker in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
WHITAKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Pawnbroker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and graut unto me, the said Richard Whitaker, Her special licence
that I, the said Richard Whitaker, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Whitaker, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS OR LOCKS APPLICABLE TO LOCKS, BOLTS, LATCHES, SASHES, SHUTTERS,
BAGS, AND ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE FASTENINGS ARE OR MAY BE REQUIRED,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Whitaker,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the, said Richard Whitaker, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained

page_text: in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon
(that is to say):-
My improvements in fastenings consist in certain combinations of
parts arranged as in the various modifications herein-after described so
as to form respectively fastenings that are more efficient and convenient
than those hitherto used for like purposes.
I make the bolt by preference of a segmental form and free to move
on an axis or round its outer edge in a box, case, or rim, or by a groove
and fillet. The bolt proper is provided with a projection or arm or with
projections or arms, and sometimes with slots or grooves, which through
the action of key bits, whether the ordinary bits or jointed bits, or any
description of bit at present in use, shoots or throws the bolt. Some-
times a ward or wards is or are formed ou the radial arm of the bolt for
the bit to throw the bolt, and in some cases the bit of the key acts on
one or more pins on the arm, while the pipe of the key fits over
another pin. The fastenings may be modified so as to be fixed externally
or internally and be used for various purposes. The lever or levers may
be guarded by wards and detectors or by any other means now in
use.
Where the fastener is used as a door lock or sash fastener, as also in
other instances, I have found a simple staple very secure, as also the
ordinary box staples and striking plates. For sash fasteners, plates,
staples, and boxes may be used for the bolt to lock into the fastener,
being applied to any convenient part of the window, and the fastener
being fixed on the side or sides of the lower sash locks into a staple or
staples, plate or plates, of different and desirable lengths, so as to prevent
the sashes opening a greater distance than required, thus rendering it
necessary for any person on the outside to break one or more
squares of glass before he could open the sash sufficiently to admit
his body.
Where it is desired to use the bolt as a latch I make the bolt to be
acted on by a spring, and form a socket on the face plate to allow space
for the bolt to travel back.
When used as a lock to boxes made of wood, papier machie, and for

page_text: of work, or by screw, or by a simple link plate, or in any other con
venient manner in present use. It may be used as a padlock, and
for a flush or other bolt or other fastener; it is also applicable to boxes
usually made of tin, iron, or cther metal, and used for holding different
articles, such as cash, deeds, papers, tea, coffee, sugar, spices, and ladies'
and gentlemen's dressing and working materials. In all these and
many other articles the fastening being applied by preference externally
a great deal of space is economized by giving the use of room now
occupied by fixing the lock internally.
For bags and similar appliances the fastener can be fixed in the
ordinary way. It is also adaptable for a shirt or dress fastener; also
to vehicles having doors or hanging boards requiring fasteners; and also
for safes, and for all purposes where the present methods of fastening
are liable to be rendered useless by pressure, strain, or decay of the parts
sought to be secured together.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a view of one form of
bolt as used in a fastening constructed according to my Invention.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are views of the different parts, with the
exception of the outer case of a shield box lock with this bolt applied
thereto. a is the back plate to which the key spindle 6 carrying the
bolt c is attached; this bolt e is provided with an arm c' and with two
notches d, d; at Figures 3 and 7 the bolt is shewn in the position it
occupies when not shot, and Figures 5 and 6 its position when it is shot.
e is a tumbler on the pin e¹, and ƒ is a spring pressing against the lower
edge of the tumbler, as seen at Figures 5 and 7. As the key is turned
to throw the bolt the tumbler is pressed out of the notch d¹, and the
bolt is free to travel round until the notch d takes into the tumbler, as
seen in Figures 5 and 6, when the bolt is secure; g, g, are stops on the
plate a, against which the arm c¹ of the bolt c abuts, as best seen at
Figure 7.
For greater security levers and other appliances may be
added, but for ordinary purposes they may be dispensed with.
Figure 8 is a view of a lock with a similar bolt applied of a still
simpler form to the other, and where the tumbler is dispensed with.
i is a spring for gripping the edges of the bolt c, and for keeping it in
position; the shape and action of the spring may be varied; locks of this
class are designed for common purposes.

page_text: means.
Figures 10 are detached views of the curtain.
Figure 11 is a view with the face plate removed of a
padlock with
my Invention applied thereto, and showing the bolt in the position it
occupies when it is not shot.
Figure 12 is a similar view of the same padlock, shewing the position
of the bolt when shot.
Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16 are detached views of the bolt; and
Figures 17 and 18 are views of the plate and fillet on which the bolt
works. c is the bolt provided with a groove / to fit into and to slide on
the fillet in its normal condition; the bolt is free to turn round on the
fillet, and within the case a. m, m, are talons attached to or formed
in a piece with the bolt itself or the framing thereof. o is a lever free
to oscillate about the piu o, and terminating at its other end in a
head o", which enters between and is free to act on the talons m, m;
p is a lever which is worked by the key bit and the oscillating lever o
secured thereby. By turning the key the lever p is raised, and the open
lever is caused to travel along the lever p, drawing with it the
talous m, m, and shooting the bolt. c, which is then in the position shown
at Figure 12, and prevented moving from that position by the stud I on
the lever o entering a notch in the lever p, from which it cannot be
removed until the key raises the said lever p out of the notch, and
allows it to travel back to the position indicated at Figure 11, when the
padlock is unlocked. The number of levers may be increased for security
or otherwise, and their form or shape varied as practise may dictate.
The bolt is not shown longer than is necessary for making the fastening
secure; at the same time it might be made to extend further round
and to more resemble the shape of the bolts shown in the previous
Figures.
Figure 19 is a view, with the outer plate removed, of a padlock made
according to my Invention, and wherein the bolt is of greater length
or of a greater portion of a circle than in the arrangement last
described.
Figures 20, 21, 22, and 23 are views of parts in detail. c is the bolt

page_text: on a portion of the periphery of which teeth are formed, and in gear
with other teeth formed on a plate n which is mounted on the same pin
as the key and the plate n'; this latter plate is formed with notches
n, n, to act against the stud 23 on the plate n, and so through the action
of the key to communicate motion thereto. r, r, are escapement levers,
one of which is shown detached at Figure 21, against which the stepping
of the key acts and causes the end to take into one of the teeth on the
bolt when the bolt is locked, and the other 2 to take into another tooth
when the bolt is unlocked, or vice versa, while at the same time great
security is afforded, for should a wrong key or pick be used one or other
of the projections 71 or 2 on the levers 7 would be placed in one or other
of the teeth on the bolt, and the latter thereby prevented from moving
until the correct key was applied, or instead of the arrangement for com-
municating motion to and for locking the bolt just described the arrange-
ments before described, with reference to Figures 11 and 12, may be used
instead, or vice versa. It will be understood that as the bolt is shot it
passes through a staple, for example, and locks or secures any article sought
to be secured, and is secured by escapement levers, to which detectors may
also be added.
up
Figures 24, 25, 26, 27, and 27° are views of another arrangement for
padlock, and where the parts are almost similar to those described for
the small shield lock and acted on by the key and secured by the tumbler
all as before described. c is the bolt; c, the tumbler; el is a pin for
regulating the distance of the throw of the bolt; s is a frame for closing
and protecting the face of the lock where the bolt passes, and s¹ is
the aperture formed therein for the passage of the bolt; sometimes,
however, I dispense with frame s. I do not limit myself to the shape
of the external frame, or to the manner in which the frame is put together,
but I prefer to make it in three parts as shewn in the Drawings.
Padlocks or locks constructed in this manner are most secure for the
interior is wholly protected from the admission of dirt, water, or of a
pick or other instrument, the bolt itself forms bolt and shackle, and may
be made to embrace or hold as large if not larger surfaces than padlocks
of ordinary construction.
Figure 28 is a view of another form of padlock where the frame is
made in a similar manner to that before described with reference, to
Figures 24, 25, and 26, 27, and 27*, but where the action is somewhat
different. c is the bolt which in this case works about a fixed centre,

page_text: the key communicates a to-and-fro motion to it by taking into a notch
or talon or talons corresponding with those described with reference to
Figures 11 and 12, on the bolt c is a stump h, which is free to move in
and about the gatings or slots in the levers p, as the key communicates
motion to the same.
Figure 29 is a view of a lock or padlock fitted with a circular bolt
similar to that before described, having motion communicated thereto
by the key bit throwing an ordinary plate s furnished with slots to work
as guides on two stumps fastened to the lock plate. The plate s is pro-
vided with an aperture working on a pin fixed to the circular bolt.
Figure 30 represents a lock or padlock fitted with a circular bolt similar
in construction to those before described with reference to Figures 19, 20,
and 21, free to move on a centre pin t and provided with talons t¹ for the
key to act on, but like the padlock illustrated at Figure 19 is secured by
my improved escapement levers. The levers may be made of any
shape or form to suit the class of lock to which they are or may
be applied.
Figures 31 and 32 are views of an improved fastener constructed
according to my Invention and secured by my improved detector. a is the
detector arm mounted on a pin or screw and free to move thereon; is
the outer end of this arm which is raised sufficiently to act on the pro-
jecting portion at the back of the detector lever, so that when the proper
key is not employed or when the lock or levers are tampered with so as to
force or throw the detector lever over the outer end b of the detector
arm a, the detector arm a becomes released from the projection at the back
of the detector lever, and by the action of the spring c is forced into a
stop or notch d when locked, and thus the bolt is more certainly and
steadily secured than heretofore by the ordinary spring detector hereto-
fore used, the lever or levers at the same time being released from any
strain or force, this being transferred to the bolt held by the detector
arm a. When the bolt is thus secured by the detector arm a, it may
be released by the proper key being applied as for locking, and then the
lock is freed for unlocking supposing the correct key to be used for the
purpose.
Detectors constructed according to my Invention are applicable to all the
locks, padlocks, and fastenings before described, and I further reserve to
myself the right of employing such detectors of my Invention to locks of
any known construction.

page_text: The improved escapement levers, and which have been particularly
described with reference to Figures 19, 21, and 30, are also applicable
to either or all of the locks before described as well as to locks of any
known construction.
Figure 33 is a view of a door mortise lock constructed according to
my Invention.
c is the bolt as before, and c¹ the arm made in a piece
therewith or connected thereto. The bolt pin
carries a toothed wheel
bolt t, which is free to
or pinion in gear with the teeth on the lever or
slide by means of slots t¹ on pins te fixed to and inserted in the frame.
The bolt is provided with a recess 3, into which a projection + on a
cam shaped frame or plate u takes; this plate u carries a stud u¹ taking
into an aperture formed in the open levers v, and the plate u is mounted
on a stump or pin; v₁ is a spring or springs pressing against the tail
end of the levers to keep the saine in position by communicating motion to
the plate u by the key the bolt t is moved, and the teeth thereon gearing
into those on the pinion on the bolt spindle cause the bolt c to revolve
and according to the direction in which the key is turned so the bolt is
shot through or withdrawn from the apertures in the plate v³, and con-
sequently the lock is locked or unlocked as the case may be. This and
other arrangements described in my Specification are applicable as rim
and dead locks.
The bolt e is shown in the Drawing in the position it occupies when
on the latch or just caught in the plate ve, and so that by drawing back
the lever t it, the bolt c, will be withdrawn from the recess in the plate
and the fastening would be open to do this without the use of the key,
and thus to make the bolt c to answer the double purpose of a lock and
latch or catch. I employ a follower all mounted on a spindle and
passing through the lock frame; this follower is formed with a catch u²,
This
taking into a notch formed on the tail end of the lever or bolt t.
lock may be fitted with detectors and guards if desired, and its security
may be increased by additional levers or other known means of increased
as in others the various
security that may be desired. In this case
actions described may be used. It must be understood that the latch
action of the bolt may be produced by the action of the key as well as
Where desired a second latch
by that of the follower before described.
or one of ordinary construction may be employed. The examples
generally can be adapted to door use.

page_text: Figure 34 is a view of a lock according to another arrangement.
It
is particularly adapted for use in ships, and for sliding, folding, and
double doors.
Figures 35 are views of the curtain detached. It is provided with
levers, and may as all the others before described be made a rim or
dead lock.
Figure 36 is a view of a lock particularly suited as a large gate lock,
and is fitted with curtain and wards detached, views of which are given
at Figures 37, 38, and 39, as shewn in the Drawing. It is fitted with a
tumbler, but levers may be used instead.
Figure 40 is a view of a bolt intended to be applied to a lock suitable
for iron safes. It is formed with teeth w, w, on its inner periphery, and
the bolt itself is free to move in or round a rim, ring, groove, or fillet,
and is moved by the key bit acting on or in the recesses and projection
or projections, as in some cases there need not be more than one of such,
and in others it would be desirable to have more.
Figure 41 is a view of a mortice bolt. e is the bolt, and c¹ the arm.
Motion is communicated to the bolt by a handle on a spindle inserted in
the aperture w¹, and according to the direction in which the handle is
turned so the bolt is shot or unfastened, the dotted lines show the bolt
shot. 2 is a spring taking into notches cut in the bolt to hold the same
iu position when shot or unfastened.
Figures 42, 43, 44, and 45 are views of a shutter bolt constructed
according to my Invention. c is the bolt shown separately at Figure 45.
It is inserted and free to slide in a groove x formed by a box c¹, on the
surface of which there is a slot 2 cut to correspond with the contour of
the groove. 3 is a button screwed into the bolt and for communicating
motion to the same by drawing the button along the slot it carries the
bolt along with it, and in so doing the said bolt is caused to pass into
the box on the corresponding surface of the box frame, when the
fastening is secure. By pulling the handle in the contrary direction the
bolt is withdrawn. Fastenings or bolts constructed in this manner are
applicable to many purposes, in fact to all where a simple but effective
fastening is required. It may be made of other shapes than those
shewn, and is capable of being made of a very ornamental form as fancy
or taste of the manufacturer or purchaser may dictate. The slot for the

page_text: handle to travel through may also be on the inner or outer periphery of
the frame or case.
Figures 46, 47, 48, and 49 are views of another fastening particularly
adapted as a window sash fasteuing. Its construction will be understood
by reference to the Drawings; the bolt c is moved by a knob or handle
as in the mortice bolt before described with reference to Figure 41, a.
spring w² keeping the bolt in position. This arrangement it will be
observed is particularly like the simple lock described with reference to
Figure 8, with the exception that in the one case it, the bolt, is shot by
a key bit and in the other by a handle. Bolts or fastenings of this
description are applicable to various useful purposes, for example, for
cupboards, sliding doors, and doors in general; as a sash fastener it may
also be used as a protector for the window when open by the employment
of a slotted plate or staple or staples, which may be of various lengths
according to the distance it is required to keep the window open, fixed
on the frame styles or sides of the top sash, and the fastener fixed to
the lower sash near the sash line; or the fastening may be made similar
to a padlock; the window may then be safely opened from top or bottom
or both to a distance of the length of the staple, and a key may if
desired be used with the fastening. The fasteners may also be furnished
with hooks or knobs for acting as curtain hooks, and which may be used
in conjunction with the fasteners or not as required or desired. In some
cases I form a groove in the lower sash to receive the projecting staple
or staples inserted in the upper sash, and sometimes I cut a groove in
the upper sash and insert a staple or plate therein which runs flush with
the face of the upper sash.
Figure 50 is a view of a grooved sash with a staple or plate inserted,
and Figure 51 is a view of a sash where the staple projects and the sash
is grooved.
The application of the principles set forth in the several examples are
capable of being applied to the examples generally referred to throughout
this Specification. The Bramah action is also applicable to locks made
according to my Invention.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I make no
claim to the employment in locks of bolts which are simply made of a
segmental, or semicircular, or circular form when used separately and
alone, but I claim,-

page_text: First. The employment of bolts of a segmental, semicircular, or other
form, whereon a portion of a circle is embodied in the form or shape of
the bolt in combination with an arm or projection or projections or
indent or indents receiving motion directly or indirectly from key bits
and acting substantially as herein described.
Secondly. The construction and arrangement of parts forming the
various improved fastenings herein-before described, and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The construction of locks or padlocks substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 27°, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 40,
and 41, or any mere modification thereof respectively.
Fourthly. The construction and arrangement of parts forming im-
proved fastenings suited for various purposes, substantially as described
and illustrated in Figures 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50), and 51.
Fifthly. The construction of lock or padlock cases of several portions
or parts boxed up and closed so as to prevent the admission of foreign
matter to the working parts, substantially as described and illustrated in
Figures 24, 25, 26, and 27, and 27* of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. The construction and employment of escapement levers, as
described and illustrated in Figures 19, 21, and 30 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Seventhly. The construction and method of action of detectors for
locks, as described and illustrated at Figures 31 and 32 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Whitaker, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
RICHARD WHITAKER. (L.S.)