Improvements in the Process of Manufacturing Bottles or other Hollow Bodies. of Glass and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in the Process of Manufacturing Bottles or other
Hollow Bodies. of Glass and in Apparatus therefor.
I PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The manufacture of bottles and other hollow bodies of glass, the mouth of which is
of less diameter than the bulk or body, is to be carried on, according to the present
invention, by a combined pressing and welding process. This combined process, and
the apparatus for working such process, will hereafter be described for manufacturing
bottles, but it is obvious that other forms of hollow glass bodies may be manufactured.
by the same process, and by similar apparatus.
The bottle is in the first instance made of two corresponding or equal halves (it
being supposed that the bottle is divided in a vertical plane through its middle)
by means of pressure simultaneously in two coherent or connected moulds, and after
withdrawal of the pressure head or block, the two moulds are instantaneously
closed together, so that the rims of the two halves of the bottle meet and weld,
the rim of one or of both halves being kept or brought to weld heat by gas
flames.
As soon as the two halves of a bottle are united to form a bottle, during which
operation the superfluous mass of glass, protruding at the joining parts or seam, and
at the mouth part, is removed, a mandril, which performs also the service of a nozzle,
is inserted into the mouth of the bottle, such mandril being employed for the double

page_text: purpose of smoothing the inner walls of the bottle's-mouth by being rotated (such
smoothing being necessary for such interior length of mouth, as cork. or other stops
are intended to be introduced), and of introducing a jet of cold air or gas for commencing
the cooling down of the bottle. After the mandril has performed these twofold duties,
it is withdrawn from the moulds, which are now opened, in order to remove from
them the completed bottle, which may now be treated in the usual way of manufacturing
bottles. In working this process, it is well to place the two colierent or connected
moulds in a vertical position, and to arrange the press bead which carries the two
counter forms, in such manner, that the counter forms do not enter into the moulds
vertically, but that they enter therein at an always diminishing angle; thereby a
complete filling of the hollow mould with the liquid glass, previously introduced, is
ensured. The press bead, arranged on hinges for the purpose of entering with the
counter forms into the moulds, allows, by this, curve shaped introduction, the
manufacturing of bottles the bottom of which is more or less concave; this form of
the bottom of bottles cannot be produced, the counterform is inserted vertically
or perpendicularly into the moulds. By altering the pivot of the press head, the
concavity of the bottle bottoni may be increased or decreased as will be specified
hereafter with reference to the drawing.
In the Figures of the annexed drawing, the apparatus is shown for working the
above specified process.
Figs. 1 and 3 shew longitudinal and cross sections of the apparatus, the counter
forms being shewn within the moulds.
Fig. 2 is a ground plan, the press-head being-removed in this instance.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section with the press head elevated.
A A are the two moulds, which by their hinges CC take around the bolt B, and
may be turned on said bolt, the latter being arranged in the bracket D, which is
arranged to be shifted on the bed plate G. The moulds A A¹ are provided on their
back parts with blocks K K', which rest during the pressing operation on the bed
plate G: On the latter, and behind the moulds A A', another bracket S, (or two
brackets S S'), is arranged, to which, by means of the bolt T, the press head is hinged,
this presshead being composed of the plate Q, of tlie counterforms P P1, on the lower
surface of Q. and of the lever H.
One of the moulds is surrounded, near its, rim, by a gas pipe r, the perforations
of which are directed towards said rim.
The moulds, as well as the counterforms, may be formed with hollow walls, as
represented, so as to allow a stream of cold water or air to circulate in them for cooling
purposes.
In front of one of the moulds, a sliding bracket U is arranged, movable in the slot F
of the bed plate. The sliding bracket carries the mandril L, which may be turned in
the bracket by means of the hand wheel. This mandril is bored throughout its
entire length, and is provided at the end with a flexible pipet, drawn over the mandril,
so that cold air or gas may be introduced by means of such mandril, if this
latter is introduced into the hot bottle's mouth, for smoothing down any seams
therein.
After these details of construction of the apparatus, the process for manufacturing
the bottle is the following:-
:
If the apparatus is in the position Fig. 4; the liquid vitreous mass is poured into
the moulds A A, and immediately afterwards the press head, by means of its lever H,
is moved downwards, either by hand or power. The counter forms P P1 of the press
head, by entering at a constantly decreasing angle into the moulds, will cause the
vitreous liquid mass, to fill up the proper space of the mould from top to bottom,
that is to say, it will be pressed as well towards the mouth end of the half bottle, as
- towards the bottom end. By this pressure process, two halves of one bottle are
formed, the superfluous vitreous liquid mass being removed by the rim of the
counterforms, and by the knives M at the mouth end. By the curve shaped motion
of the press head, the counterforms P P are so guided or moved that they allow
the formation of half a bottom in each mould with suitable concavity, by altering
=

page_text: the position of pivot T, either higher or lower, the bottom of the bottle may be
forine more or less concave, according to the circle described by radius n
(Fig. 4).
Figs. 1 and 3 shew the position of parts during the pressing operation, by which
equal halves of a bottle are produced.
After withdrawal or removal of the press head, the moulds are drawn forward
with their bracket beyond the reach of the press head, in order to be closed.
together on their bolt into the position of Fig. 5, and afterwards to be turned
down into the position of Fig. 6. During all these manipulations or operations
with the moulds, small jets of burning gas may be directed from the gas pipe r
against the joining line of the two moulds, in order that the welding line of the
two halves of the bottle is kept or brought to the point of melting necessary for
the perfect welding. The gas jets issuing from the gas pipe » may burn per-
manently, or may be ignited by the glowing glass issuing from the line of
junction or joining of the two moulds.
As soon as the moulds are brought into the position of Fig. 6, the mandril L
on its bracket, which is in line with the. closer moulds, is advanced, in order to
be introduced into the mouth of the bottle within the moulds. By turning this
mandril by means of the hand wheel, the inner sides of the mouth are smoothed
or equalized, so as to offer an even surface for the cork in using the bottle.
Simultaneously with this smoothing operation, the commencing of the cooling down
of the bottle is caused by introducing a jet of 'air or gas into the bottle through
the bore hole of the mandril L.
After withdrawing the bracket U, and thereby freeing the mandril L from the bottle,
the moulds A A' are opened, the completed bottle is taken away by the usual manipu-
lation, and the moulds, with their bracket D, are shifted backwards into their initial
position.
The press head may be suspended in chains over pulleys counterbalanced. by weights,
or may be counterbalanced by levers loaded with weights.
It is evident that according to this process, hollow bodies of glass may be produced,
of round, oblong, angular, or even irregular cross section, it being understood that the
moulds have to be so arranged, that the welding joints of the two parts meet together.
By the process described, bottles and other vitreous articles are produced of perfectly.
even thicknesses in all parts, which bottles will stand pretty high pressure.
If necessary, the above pressure process may be executed in more than two coherent
or connected moulds, it being only necessary to arrange this series of moulds in such
manner, that in closed position, they constitute the bottle or body of glass to be pro-
duced. Of course the moulds must always be so arranged, whether two or more, that
the pressure operation takes place simultaneously in all of them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
Foreign Correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The improved process above described for manufacturing bottles or other hollow
bodies of glass, the mouth opening of which is of less diameter than the bulk or body,
consisting in first producing two separate halves of the object by simultaneously
pressing liquid vitreous masses in two open moulds, and afterwards closing the two
moulds for welding the two halves together into the complete object to be produced,
the pressing operation of the two halves being effected by a press head common to the
two open moulds, into which the counterforms of the press head enter at an always
decreasing angle.
'
2. For working the process specified in Claim 1, a press and welding apparatus
consisting of the two moulds a a capable of being closed together, of the press-
head QH, capable of being swung down upon the moulds, and being provided at its
lower surface with the counter forms P P¹, and of the mandril L, capable of being
rotated, and being bored throughout its length, the moulds A A¹ and mandril L being
arranged to be shifted in lengthwise direction.

page_text: 3. In the apparatus specified in claim 2, arranging a gas piper around the rim of
one or both moulds A A¹ for acting by heat upon the seam of the two halves to be
welded together.
4. In the apparatus specified, the arrangement of the mandril L, capable of rotation
for the purpose of smoothing, by such rotary movement of the mandril within the
mouth of the bottle, the inner side of the latter, and connected with its bore hole to a
gas or air vessel for introducing cooling air or gas into the bottle...
Dated this 1141 J
1000