matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FILTERING LIQUIDS, DECOLORIZING SACCHARINE AND OTHER JUICES, AND RECTIFYING ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1861. A communication from abroad by Horatio Nelson
Fryatt, of Belleville, New Jersey, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FILTERING LIQUIDS,
DECOLORIZING SACCHARINE AND OTHER JUICES, AND RECTIFYING ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of an apparatus (constructed on
the principle of the centrifugal drying machine) for the purposes of decolorizing
saccharine juices and other liquids, and for the rectification of alcoholic liquors,
and generally for filtration, and for the separation of liquids from impurities.
For the purposes of the present Invention the centrifugal machine, as used
for drying fabrics, requires to be modified in some parts, and constructed in
the manner herein-after mentioned.
The machine is provided with a concentric annular compartment outside of
a central chamber, and closed at top and bottom. The inner and outer
peripheries or sides of the said annular chamber are formed of perforated
metal so as to contain pulverized charcoal or other filtering or filtering and
decolorizing or deodorizing substance, so that the liquid when introduced into
the central chamber shall be forced by centrifugal action from the central

page_text: chamber, through the previous inner periphery of the annular chamber, thence
through the material contained in the said annular chamber, and through the
outer pervious side into the space between the filtering chamber and the
outer case.
In combination with the annular filtering chamber there is a cap extending
from its inner periphery, and leaving a central opening for the introduction
of the liquid to the central chamber. There is also an annular hoop extending
downwards from this cap, and leaving a passage between its lower edge and the
bottom of the central chamber for the passage of the liquid to be filtered, so
that a body of such liquid may accumulate against and inside of the inner
periphery of the filtering chamber without the danger of its escape through
the central feed hole in the cap plate. When the liquid has been forced by
the centrifugal action of the apparatus through the filtering materials, it is
allowed to escape through a suitable opening made in the outer casing, and
may be received into a receptacle below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL MILL CHISELS, AND OTHER TAPER TOOLS AND FILES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Makin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1861.
I, WILLIAM MAKIN, of Attercliffe, in the Parish of Sheffield, in the County
of York, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL
MILL CHISELS, AND OTHER TAPER TOOLS AND FILES," to be as follows:-
I cut or cast in the face of the forge hammer anvil a recess or die that
exactly corresponds with the form of one side of a mill chisel, file, or other
taper tool, and I also cut or cast in the face of the forge hammer a similar
recess or die that exactly corresponds with the form of the other side of the
mill chisel, file, or other taper tool, so that when the hammer is in contact
with the anvil the two recesses or dies together form a mould or groove cor-
responding with the pointed or tapering end of the mill chisel, file, or other
taper tool. By this arrangement, the steel of which the tool is to be formed,
on being forged is is caused to enter into and fill out the mould or die in
the hammer and anvil, and is thus formed into the exact shape required.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR BALANCING SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th January 1861.-A communication from abroad by Andrew
Buchanan and Peter Zeglio, both of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of No. 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR BALANCING SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM
ENGINES," (that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Andrew
Buchanan and Peter Zeglio, both of New York, United States of America,)
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to regulate the pressure of the steam on the
upper and on the under side of a slide valve, according to the difference
between that portion of the under surface of said slide valve which is exposed
to the pressure of the steam and the entire upper surface of the valve, the
device being more particularly applicable to that class of slide valves in which
the steam from the boiler acts on the under side, thereby producing a tendency
to lift up the valve, and cause a leakage of the steam.
This Invention consists in combining with a slide valve a common conical
valve guided by a stem, and enclosed in a steam-tight chamber, and otherwise
arranged, as will be herein-after more fully explained, so that the area of the
lowest and undiminished surface of said valve is in proportion to the upper
surface of the same (the latter being diminished by the displacement of the

page_text: stem to which it is attached), as the upper surface of the slide valve is to the
channels and steam passages in the face of the slide valve, and that by the
natural tendency of said cone valve to follow the action of the steam on its
lower and larger surface, the pressure exerted by the steam on the two sides
of the slide valve is equalised.
And the Invention consists also in arranging on the hollow stem of said
cone valve a loose cap (with short legs projecting therefrom) shutting down
over suitable apertures, for the purpose of facilitating the entrance of the
steam.
And the Invention consists further in the combination with said cone valve
of a movable seat, together with said loose cap and with regulating pins, in
such a manner that in cutting off the steam from the under side of the slide
valve that portion of the steam which remains in the steam chest above the
slide valve is allowed to find its way back to the steam pipe.
And the Invention consists also in the arrangement of a pipe forming a
direct communication between the upper part of the steam chest and the
steam boiler, for the purpose of preventing a jumping of the slide valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Brownlow Hugh Mathew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1861.
I, BROWNLOW HUGH MATHEW, Lieutenant Royal Bombay Engineers, of
Saint James's in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND IN CARTRIDGES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to large and small arms and ordnance, and comprises,
first, a new arrangement of parts for breech-loading arms; second, a new
method of rifling arms; third, an improved back sight for arms; and, fourth,
an improved cartridge for breech-loading arms.
I construct my breech-loading arms as follows:-In a slot cut in the upper
surface of the back end of the barrel I insert a movable breech-piece, which,
travelling in a sufficient space, leaves the tail piece intact. The breech-piece
is compound, composed of two portions connected together by a joint, and
bearing a nipple. In some cases, however, I fix the nipple in the barrel.
My method of rifling consists in forming the grooves in such manner that
the projectile shall be upheld truly and continuously during its passage through
the barrel; as an instance of one manner in which I carry my Invention into
effect, I make four grooves with the sides converging towards the common.
centre, and partially hollow the lands between the grooves, either of an equal
depth throughout, or varying from the breech to the muzzle.

page_text: I form my improved back sight by imparting an additional and independent
vertical motion to the ordinary notch, and by adding thereto two points
capable of lateral adjustment to and from each other.
My improved cartridge, to be used with the breech before described, consists
in forming the case with a flange projecting from the rear, and with a tail
carried from the flange, in the end of which a percussion cap is inserted. For
other than the system of breech before described, and in some cases even for
that system, I dispense with the tail. The flange being compressed between
the fixed and movable breech assists in rendering the breech gas-tight. When
the cartridges are formed with a tail carrying the percussion cap, they are with-
drawn from the barrel after being discharged on opening the breech.
IMPROVED MACHINERY POR MASHING MALT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward John Sansum at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1861.
I, JAMES EDWARD JOHN SANSUM, of Lower Kennington Lane, in the
County of Surrey, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY POR MASHING MALT," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for mashing malt has for its object
to arrange the mixing implement or instrument in such a manner that it
may always act on the surface of the liquor, or but little below the same,
whereby the admixture or combination of the meal with the liquor, as the
former is gradually poured in, will be moro perfectly and speedily effected
than when the mixing or stirring implement is allowed to dip deeply into
the liquor. It will be understood, that as the meal is gradually added to the
liquor in the mash tun, the surface of the contents of the latter will rise, and
in order that the desired object of stirring only the surface of the ingredients
in the mash tun may be effected, I have constructed the gearing and supports
of the stirring implement in such a manner that the mixing or stirring
arms and their appendages may be raised as the surface of the liquor rises
in the mash tun. This is effected by mounting the journals of the stirring
arms in the bosses of a hollow or sleeve shaft, through which passes a central
vertical shaft. The lower part of this central vertical shaft is supported in
a fixed socket at the bottom of the mash tun, and it carries a horizontal bevil
wheel, which gears into and drives a pair of similar wheels on the inner ends

page_text: of the stirring or mixing arms, which are provided with a series of stirrers set
in a helical direction round the arms. By this means rotary motion is com-
municated to the stirrer arms, but these latter may, if desired, be also made
to rotate in a horizontal direction round the mash tun by means of suitable
gearing on the upper end of the central vertical shaft. The upper end of.
the central shaft carries a male screw which takes into a female screw,
so that by communicating motion to the male screw the whole arrangement
of gearing, with the stirrers, may be raised slowly in a vertical direction.
The proper and proportionate speeds at which the several parts are to be
driven are obtained by a suitable arrangement of speed gearing, consisting
either of band and pullies or toothed wheels, as will be well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by O'Donnell Grimshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1861.
I, O'DONNELL GRIMSHAW, of Belfast, Postmaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of locks,
whereby greater safety is obtained than by those hitherto in use. According
to this Invention it is proposed to employ a moveable plate or shield, which is
so arranged as to cover the keyhole when not in use, and when moved out of
the way so as to expose the keyhole it will lock the bolt until the key has
been inserted and the shield returned to its place again. The key is turned
by a suitable handle carried by the shield, the act of returning the shield over
the keyhole again releasing the bolt so as to admit of it being moved by the key.
The key is made sufficiently short to be entirely enclosed within the lock, a
square head being made on it to fit into a corresponding hole in the inner end
of the knob or handle. In cases where a very thick door is used, and where
consequently it would be inconvenient to insert the key home in its place, a
stem or carrier may be employed, to which the short key is fitted, this stem
readily detaching itself from the key and leaving it in the lock or attaching
itself to the key for the purpose of removing it from the lock. In connection
with the shield or cover above referred to there is a guard, which effectually
conceals the wards of the lock when the keyhole is open, but uncovers them
again on the closing of the keyhole when the key is to operate.
AN IMPROVED GAS REGULATOR AND PURIFIER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1861. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Jean Baptiste François
Maliquet Allegret, Proprietor, and Lucien Victor Teste, Architect, both of
18, Rue Ferrandière, Lyons, and of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, both
in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lanc, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED GAS REGULATOR AND PURIFIER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new gas purifier and regulator, which filters the
gas beforo being consumed in the burner. For this purpose a plug or mass of
felt, wadding, or flock is placed in an enlargement or chamber made in the
base of the burner, through which the gas passes, and is thereby purified, and
burns under a constant and steady pressure. It also produces a saving in the
consumption of gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE PISTON RODS, PISTONS, AND CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER FRICTIONAL SURFACES OF MACHINERY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Grundy and Samuel
Andrew at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 13th March 1861.
We, BENJAMIN GRUNDY, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and SAMUEL ANDREW, of Knowls Lane, near Lees, in the same
County, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE PISTON RODS, PISTONS, AND
CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER FRICTIONAL SURFACES OF MACHINERY,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is chiefly applicable to steam engines for lubricating the
piston rods, pistons, and cylinders thereof, but it may be applied to lubricate
shafts and other portions of machinery. The apparatus consists of a glass or
other vessel containing the tallow or other lubricating material; this vessel fits
on a socket in which is a hole, through which the lubricating material passes
to the piston rod or other article to be lubricated, and the orifice of this hole
can be varied by means of a moveable piston or plunger, which is changed
according to the quantity of lubricating material required. When this im-
proved apparatus is applied to lubricate the piston rod, piston, and cylinder of
a steam engine, it is attached to the stuffing box or otherwise in such a manner
that the lubricating material drops on the piston rod near the stuffing box.
Another part of our Invention consists in applying steam to the vessel con-
taining the lubricating material, for the purpose of keeping it liquid.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OR METHOD OF CUTTING-OUT LADIES' DRESSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlotte Craddock, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 6th December
1861.
I, CHARLOTTE CRADDOCK, of No. 54; Orchard Terrace, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, Dress Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OR METHOD OF CUTTING-OUT LADIES'
DRESSES," to be as follows:-
This system is intended to facilitate the cutting out of the bodies of ladies"
dresses so as to ensure a perfect fit to the figure without the necessity for
taking more than three dimensions or measures; namely, first, the size round.
the chest and shoulders taken under the arm, and over the bust; second, the
measure round the waist; and, third, the length of the side seam taken from
close under the arm down to the natural waist of the figure.
In applying this system to the cutting out of the body of a lady's dress, cer-
tain forms or diagrams are made use of, which are so arranged as to be adapted
to any form or size of figure, the forms or diagrams being made of card-
board or other suitable material, and certain marks or graduations being
made upon the edges of the said forms or diagrams corresponding with the
inches of the measure taken.
The dimensions having been taken to draw and cut out the front pieces, the
lining or material is to be folded with the selvages together, a line is to be
drawn parallel with the edge a sufficient distance from the same to allow for
the lap and hem. The front diagram is then laid against this line, and the

page_text: two upper points of the neck, marked by dots. Dots are also made against
the graduated sides of the diagram opposite to the figures corresponding with
the number of inches of the first or chest measure, and from these dots the
curves of the neck and shoulder are drawn by means of curved rules made for
that purpose. The arm hole is then marked out by means of forms or curves
made for that purpose, and marked with figures, the form marked with the
figure corresponding with the number of inches of the chest measure being
the proper one to give the required shape to the arm, hole. The number of
inches of the waist below the arm hole is then measured, and the waist line
drawn across, and also another line about two inches below the armhole to
mark the most prominent part of the bust, and from this line to the waist
gores or pieces are marked out by means of pointed rules of suitable widths,
which gores or pieces are to be taken up to form the taper or curved shape
of the figure below the bust. In measuring. off the waist line as many inches.
must be added as have been taken up in the above-named gores or pieces.
The back pieces are drawn and cut out in a similar manner by means of
straight and curved rules adapted for the purpose, the points being, previously
marked off from the back diagram opposite the figures corresponding with the
number of inches of the chest measure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mary Buchanan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 18th
April 1861.
I, MARY BUCHANAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GLOVES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of gloves applicable to a variety
of purposes, but more particularly where the hands are required to be pro-
tected during rough kinds of work, and from acid, alkaline, or other liquids or
matters injurious to the skin.
Under one modification the gloves are made of vulcanised or mineralised
india-rubber, the parts of the gloves being cut or stamped out to the required
form, and united by sewing, the seams being subsequently coated with a solution
of the india-rubber. In gloves made for household work, gardening, and other
generally similar purposes, it may not be necessary in all cases to make the
seams water-tight. Instead of making the india-rubber gloves in this way they
may be formed on suitable moulds corresponding to different sizes of the human
hand; these moulds are coated to the required thickness, with a solution of
the india-rubber, and in this way gloves suitable for heavy rough work may be
made, as well as those of a sufficiently thin texture as to interfere to a very
slight extent with the sense of touch, and at the same time effectually protect
the hand from wet or the action of corrosive or injurious liquids or matters.

page_text: Acid and waterproof gloves may also be formed of thin gutta percha, either
sewn or prepared on moulds, preference is however given to the prepared india-
rubber, on account of its permanent flexibility.
Another modification of these improvements is, the manufacture of gloves
from what is known as vegetable parchment; this material being very strong
and impervious to moisture, may be advantageously used in the manufacture
of gloves. The several parts of the gloves may be stamped out in manner
similar to the manufacture of envelopes, the material being made of different
thicknesses, according to the amount of strength required. The edges are
united either by sewing, and subsequently coated with a waterproof cement, or
the junction may be effected by means of cement alone.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE GUARDS AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS TO COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1861.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
ENABLING THE GUARDS AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS TO COMMUNICATE WITH
EACH OTHER," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for enabling the guards and drivers
of railway trains to communicate with each other relates to a novel arrange-
ment of rods, levers, and connecting links, which will enable a man at one
end of a train to make signals to another man at the further end of the train,
either by striking a bell acting on a dial or index or otherwise.
In carrying out the object of my Invention, I adapt to any convenient part
of each of the carriages of which a train is composed rigid rods or levers,
which are capable of moving to and fro in guides or slots, and the ends of
these rods or levers are provided with hooks or other equivalent contrivances,
on to which may be hooked the ends of india-rubber or other elastic cords or
bands, whereby the rods or levers of all the carriages throughout the train are
connected together in the form of one continuous chain. The elastic cord or
band of the first carriage is hooked on to the signalling apparatus, and the guard
in the break by means of a hand lever may then draw back the rods or levers
in all the carriages, which being connected by their elastic junctions will act

page_text: on-the signalling apparatus in the tender, and attract the attention of the
driver. It will of course bo obvious that by means of a similar arrangement
of apparatus the driver may be enabled to communicate with the guard, or
vice versa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING WHEELS AND OTHER METAL ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Galloway and John
Galloway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st March 1861.
We, WILLIAM GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING WHEELS AND OTHER METAL ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements consist in constructing mould boxes in such a manner
that true and correct moulds of wheels and other articles may be obtained
with only a small portion of a model. For this purpose we provide the mould
box with a spindle, and an arm projecting from the same, and furnished with
slides and screws for adjustment, to which is attached the portion of the model
of which it is desired to make a complete mould. By successively placing this
portion of the model in different positions a number of moulds of the same
will be obtained in such a manner as together to form the complete mould
required. By this arrangement a great saving both in the cost of the patterns,
and in the time required for making the same, will be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ALKALINE CARBONATES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Laming at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1861. A communication from abroad by Joseph Mowbray Laming, of
Paris, in the Empire of France.
RICHARD LAMING, of Priory Road, Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURING ALKALINE CARBONATES," (a communication) to be as follows:-
I mix sulphate of soda, or sulphate of potash, with some convenient
carbonaceous matter, and expose the mixture in a vessel to a furnace heat.
I pass through it a current of steam and a current of air. When sulphuretted
hydrogen ceases to leave the vessel I remove from it the solid product, from
which I dis. Ive out and obtain the alkaline carbonate in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Southwood Stocker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1861.
I, ALEXANDER SOUTHWOOD STOCKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of metal bars upon which the
wheels of the rolling stock of railways are intended to travel, and consists in
the application for that purpose of a metal commercially known in the market
as steel iron in combination with ordinary wrought iron. The piling or placing,
and welding together the two differently constituted metals being effected in such
manner, and disposed in such proportions as may be found most convenient
and suitable for the purposes intended, or the steel iron may be used in its
entire state.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN DINNER PLATES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1861.-A communication from abroad by William Henry
Towers, and John Hazard Browning, of New York, in the United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN DINNER PLATES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention of an improvement in dinner plates, consists in forming
in the rims or ridges of dinner plates cavities or receptacles to receive salt
and other seasoning, so that these condiments may be prevented from slipping
down into the flat or bottom part of the plate among the food.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PIANOFORTES AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1861. A communication from abroad by Jean Jules Cauderès, of
33, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PIANOFORTES AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," (com-
municated to me from abroad by Jean Jules Cauderès, of 33, Boulevard Saint
Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide performers on pianos and other
musical instruments with means for "transposing" pieces of music, that is
to say, for playing the same air or piece of music in various different keys.
For this purpose a key board or collection of keys is constructed and employed,
formed with three tiers of keys, or three rows arranged stepwise. The keys
are all alike in size, shape, colour, and appearance, the intermediate tier doing
double duty, that is to say, the performer uses the top and middle tier together
or the bottom and middle together, but never all three at a time, the top
and bottom tiers being alike. A moveable reference indicator or index is used
with the keyboard, marked with the names or signs of the notes, and is so
placed at first as to have the names or signs of the notes opposite or over
against the keys that produce them, but it can be shifted as required a half width,
whole width, or more, in short to the desired extent according as the music
is to be transposed a half key, whole key, and so forth, or a fixed index may

page_text: be used having the indications of the notes opposite or over against their res-
pective keys together with a moveable index for transposing purposes which
is thus used. Suppose a piece has been played in the written key and it is
required to "transpose" it, or play it in another key, the moveable index is shifted
to bring the start note of the new key over that of the written key; thus
suppose, for example, the piece were written in G, and I want to play it in E,' I
adjust the moveable index to bring its E over G of the fixed index and then play
the piece with the same fingering as before, and as if the keys really represented
the notes. If I then wish to play it in the key of F, I bring F in the position
of E by adjusting the index, and so on, so that I can transpose or change the
air into twelve different keys with the same fingering, and without altering the
written air.
Pieces or blocks added to common keys convert them into the stepwise form;
the proportions and colouring of the keys may in some cases and respects be
varied as required, and in various instruments there are a number of levers
corresponding to the notes except that the top and bottom tiers of keys act on
the same levers while the middle acts on levers of its own.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Right Honorable Lord Charles
Beauclerk at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st May 1861.
I, the Right Honorable Lord CHARLES BEAUCLERK, of Riding Manor
House, in the County of Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the propelling of vessels through the water
at greater speed, with less expenditure of fuel, and with less loss of power than
any paddle wheel, screw, or other propeller yet introduced, and is worked by
ordinary steam power.
The Invention consists of eight cranks about six feet long (or any given
number of cranks) set at an equilateral triangle to each other, and fixed to
two axles resting on suitable bearings, which pass through or into the vessel,
and are placed parallel to each other; these cranks are to be coupled together
by double coupling rods about 18 feet long and 3 feet apart; on these rods
are placed four floats (more or less), say 3 feet by 4. The axles are worked
round by the steam power within the vessel, and give rotary motion to the
three sets of coupled cranks without. When in motion it is obvious that each
pair of coupled cranks will carry the floats fixed to the rods into, through, and
out of the water at right angles to the vessel, and will always remain parallel.
It is obvious also that each set of floats is lifted out of the water and replaced
in quick succession by the other two, it follows then that eight floats are

page_text: always out of the water and four in; thus at cach complete rotation of the
axle each float has performed a revolution of 12 feet diameter; the measure-
ment of each float being 3 feet by 4, gives a surface of resistance of 48 feet,
thereby doing the work of four ordinary paddle wheels, independent of the
advantage derived from direct action, large size and great depth of floats, to
which may be added slow speed of engine and low paddle box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR KNEADING DOUGH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winviatt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1861.
I, WILLIAM WINNIATT, of Bristol, in the County of Somerset, Baker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR KNEADING DOUGH," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in so constructing and arranging those parts
of the machinery which effect the mixing of the ingredients forming the dough
for making bread as to obtain the same or a better result with greater economy
in the manufacture of the machinery. In machines for this purpose as here-
tofore constructed a series of blades fixed to a straight axle, and revolving
round the axis of the same are employed to effect the kneading or mixing of
the dough; for the same purpose I substitute one blade forming several elements
of a helical plane. This blade is held in its position not by being fixed through-
out its length to a solid axle but by attaching each end of the screw so formed
directly to a pivot which revolves in suitable bearings. The screw revolves in
a trough of wrought iron galvanized or of other suitable material, and in the
ends of this trough are the bearings for the pivots attached to the screw.
The screw or helical knife is set in motion either by the application of direct
power or by the intervention of rack and pinions, or by any other mechanical
contrivance for effecting the purpose. It will be seen that the helical knife
presents two cutting edges which will continuously divide the material to be

page_text: kneaded and displace it from one part to another of the trough in which the
helical knife works, thus rendering the kneading action as perfect as
possible.
The trough with its internal screw and the arrangement for imparting motion
to this screw are mounted upon suitable framework which is so made that the
trough projects at one end beyond the framework for the purpose of working
out the dough when sufficiently mixed or kneaded into an ordinary kneading
trough; at this end the trough is provided also with a door opening on hinges,
and fastening with handle and button.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May:
1861. A communication from abroad by Emil Heischhauer, of Eisenach.
(Grossherzogthum Sachsen Weimar-Eisenach) Germany.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS," to be as follows:-
This improved regulator consists of two taps or stop-cocks placed in the
gas channel near the burner, or in other suitable position, the one, the outlet
stop-cock (that nearest the burner) having about half the area of passage of
the inlet. The gas channels do not pass directly through the stem, but pass.
out at the sides, and admit the gas to a flexible bag or chamber in its passage-
between the two cocks, which chamber is secured on the exterior of the stem.
or piece in which the cocks are fitted. This flexible chamber expands or
enlarges and contracts according to the pressure of gas entering. Each of
the cocks are furnished with a lever arm, which bears on the flexible chamber,..
and which are acted on by springs, so as to open the cocks when the pressure
inside the flexible chamber is removed; thus the pressure exerted by the gas
inside the flexible chamber tends to close & reduce the passage of the stop-
cocks, while the springs exert an opposite influence, and so establish a uniform,
or nearly uniform pressure of gas at the escape by the regulation of the area
of the passages according as the initial pressure becomes greater or less. To

page_text: prevent the outlet cock being entirely closed, a suitable stop is arranged to
limit the motion of its lever; a small reservoir is also provided between the
burner and the nearest stop-cock, which reduces any flickering of the gas
flame to a minimum. The whole of these parts, which may, be small, I
enclose within a metal case or tube to hide and protect them. I arrange a
further regulation of the quantity of gas to be passed by an index hand, which
communicates with a second plug of the exit stop-cock, which also regulates
the area of its passage. The two plugs of this cock are concentric, the arm
of one plug being at the one end of the axis, while the index hand is fixed on
the opposite end, which is carried outside the case, or is otherwise visible and
adjustable by hand.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hays Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1861.
I, JOHN HAYS WILSON, of the firm of John Hays Wilson and Company,
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Brass Founders and Ships' Iron-
mongers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
These improvements are chiefly valuable as applied to ships' pumps, and
consist of a peculiar arrangement of parts which admit of the valves being readily
got at for examination or removal, and a particular form of valve herein-after
described, and which it is preferred to form chiefly of iron covered with a
coating of enamel.
To construct a pump according to this Invention it is preferred to form the
head of the suction pipe square, and on the top thereof to mount a square or
other suitably-shaped valve box, which contains the lower valve on the head of
the suction pipe, which may be of any convenient form; but it is preferred to
use the improved valve, which consists of two square or nearly square clacks,
jointed at their lower outer edges to a square or other suitably-shaped valve
frame. The sides of the valve seats, upon which the clacks rest, form two
sides of a triangle, and when the clacks are down on their seats the outer
edges or lips thereof are in contact with each other. The top of the valve
chest is provided with an air-tight lid for introducing, examining, or with-
drawing the lower valve, and for sounding the pump when required. And

page_text: that the lower valve may be removed from its seat without difficulty a small
orifice provided with a cock is used to admit air below the valve to relieve it
from the pressure of the atmosphere. The pump barrel is placed on one side
of the valve chest on the head of the suction pipe, with which it is connected
internally by a suitable side opening or port. The pump bucket may be con-
structed with the improved valve herein-before described, or any other
convenient form of valve.
In some cases it is preferred to use a solid piston or plunger in place of the
pump bucket, in which case the lower part of the pump barrel is provided
with a discharge orifice, fitted with a clack valve opening outwards. This
valve cover, which it is preferred to form square, is jointed by its upper edge
to the valve seat, which is placed obliquely.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS OR CASES, AND IN FITTINGS FOR THE SAME, A PART OF WHICH FITTINGS IS APPLICABLE TO HOLDING CIGARS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sanderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1861.
I, JAMES SANDERSON, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Dressing-
case Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS OR CASES, AND IN FITTINGS FOR THE SAME, A PART OF
WHICH FITTINGS IS APPLICABLE TO HOLDING CIGARS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to
be as follows:-
My bag or case is formed with a broad base, to the sides of which the side
frames are hinged, which when the bag or case is closed fold over towards
each other, and meet at top. On the base I place a frame of fittings, con-
taining on one side stationery, while the side of the case corresponding with
the side of the frame holding the stationery is provided with a flap, which rests
on the end and sides of the case, and forms a desk. While the case is being
used for writing, the side flap and frame on the other side of the fitted frame
need not be let down or opened. The frame carries on the opposite side all
the usual articles found in a dressing case, and I construct the fittings which
hold tooth and nail brushes of an outer case open at both ends, and containing
within it a second case formed with or without a division in the centre, and
free to slide to or fro to a given extent in both directions in the outer case.
In order to get at the articles within it, the covers for both ends of the inner
case are each formed in two parts, hinged to the sides of the inner case in
such manner that on either end of the inner case being pushed so far as the

page_text: hinges, the two parts of the cover drop outwards, and allow of access to the
contents; on simply bringing the hinged side pieces forming the cover together,
and pushing the inner case inwards, the closing of the fitting or case is effected.
This fitting or case is applicable for holding cigars, cigarettes, and other like
articles. When the dressing side of the bag or case is being used, the opposite
side need not be let down or opened.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SELF-ACTING SIGNALS IN TUNNELS & ELSEWHERE ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1861.
I, EDWARD CLARK, of Chatham Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SELF-ACTING SIGNALS IN TUNNELS &
ELSEWHERE ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to indicate the position of a railway train:
within a tunnel, and its exit therefrom. I propose to fix at the entrance of a
railway tunnel a pendant, so placed as to receive an impetus from the funnel
of any passing locomotive. This pendant communicates signal by means of
When the
one or more wires to the other end (outlet or inlet) of the tunnel.
ball at the end of the pendant is struck, it is thrown up, and so remains, being
invisible to the driver of any coming train. The locomotive continues its
course, and on leaving the tunnel the funnel strikes a similar pendant, which
acting on the communicating wires causes the pendant first struck to resume
its normal position, thus shewing that the train has passed clear through the
tunnel. Where the tunnel is of great length, I propose to place dials one at
each end of the tunnel, so marked or figured as to indicate the position of the
train in the tunnel; uprights are placed on the locomotive, which touch
pendant wires (say, at any desired distance) in their passage, each touch pro-
ducing a corresponding indication on the dials. As the train leaves the

page_text: tunnel, the funnel of the locomotive acts as before stated, and the uprights acting
upon the wires, restore the dial hands to their normal position. At night the
apparatus at each end of the tunnel will be illuminated.
I propose to apply the apparatus somewhat modified to signallize where the
curves of the permanent way are very sharp. I also reserve the right of 5
causing the pendants and dials to work by mechanical contrivances on the
locomotive other than by the funnel, or even by mechanism on the permanent
way, acted upon by the locomotive in passing..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ADAPTATION OF PLATES OR SHIELDS TO FIXED AND FLOATING BATTERIES, AND ALSO SHIPS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF MORE EFFECTUALLY RESISTING SHOT OR OTHER PROJECTILES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Drew at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1861.
I, JOSEPH DREW, of Belgrave Terrace, Weymouth, in the County of
Dorset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ADAPTATION OF PLATES OR SHIELDS TO FIXED AND FLOATING BATTERIES,
AND ALSO SHIPS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF MORE EFFECTUALLY RESISTING SHOT OR
OTHER PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting elastic material or springs of metal in
combination with plates of metal or shiekls applied to the sides of ships,
gun boats, or floating batteries, also to fixed batteries, fortifications, and other
places of defence, and is designed for more effectually resisting shot or other
projectiles, and for dispensing with the necessity for employing very thick
plates of metal as at present practised in constructions of similar character to
those above mentioned.
The following are examples of some of the means by which I propose
accomplish the objects of this Invention, that is to say, as regards floating
structures or vessels, I adapt either vertically or horizontally to the entire
outer surface thereof, and a short distance below the water line cords or strips
of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic material held in position
by any suitable means. I then adapt over this elastic material an armour of
metal composed of comparatively thin plates, connected to the sides of the
vessel in such manner as to be capable of yielding to the blow from a shot cr

page_text: other projectile against same, the effect of which will be to collapse tho
elastic material, and thus destroy or considerably diminish the effect of the
blow.
Various mechanical and other appliances might be employed for affording
this elastic or yielding property to the armour plates; for example, metal
springs such as are now employed for the buffers of railway carriages would
answer the purpose. I do not, therefore, limit this Invention to the use of
any particular material, but declare the Invention to consist in adapting an
elastic or resisting medium to the plates or armour of armour-clad vessels or
structures and fortifications, either fixed or floating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUCIFER MATCHES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1861.
I, HENRY BAKER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Timber Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF LUCIFER MATCHES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of manufacturing lucifer
matches, whereby a saving of time is effected in the process of manufacture,
and a greater degree of safety is obtained in the transport as well as in the
use of the matches manufactured according to this improved system. Accord-
ing to one mode of manufacture, the wood to be used for the manufacture is
sawn into lengths, which are by preference of about one inch and a half square
in the transverse section, but the shape as well as the size of these lengths may
be varied according to convenience. The workman takes one of these lengths
of wood, and presents the end of the piece to a series of saws arranged parallel
to one another on a rotatory spindle, which is driven in any convenient
There are by preference nine of these saws, arranged so that the
space between each saw corresponds to the thickness of the intended matches.
In this way when the wood is presented to the saws, nine longitudinal cuts are
made by them, the length of which is regulated by a stop. The wood is now
turned, so as to make another series of cuts at right angles to the first, the
wood is then cut transversely to sever it from the length; this cut is made at

page_text: a short distance beyond the ends of the longitudinal cuts, and so as to leave
the block about two inches long. The small blocks thus formed are then
dipped by hand or other convenient means into melted sulphur, and afterwards
into the phosphoric or other igniting composition. When completed the
matches are in the form of small blocks, having a solid base, and divided above
this base into one hundred matches, or other convenient number. The
matches as they are required for use may be readily split off from the base
either singly or in rows, whilst the narrow space formed by the saw between
each match renders them much safer for transport and general use than when
packed together in boxes in the ordinary way.