matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED UMBRELLA TIP FASTENER
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Nathaniel Crine and Henry Shelley, both
of the City of London, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
UMBRELLA TIP FASTENER."
Sealed the 28th May 1875, and dated the 17th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Nathaniel
Crine and Henry Shelley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th March 1875.
We, WILLIAM NATHANIEL CRINE and HENRY SHELLEY, both of the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED UMBRELLA TIP FASTENER," to be as follows:-
According to this Invention we fasten a ferrule on to the umbrella
stick just above the tips of the umbrella when down; the ferrule has at
the bottom an outer projecting flange. A sliding band fits over the
flange of the ferrule and over the "tips," to secure the same close to the
stick; this sliding band is by means of a stud or peg connected to

page_text: the inner ferrule and slides in a slot formed in the same. Between the
inner ferrule and the sliding band we place a spiral spring, which rests
on the flange of the said inner ferrule and takes hold of the aforesaid peg
or stud on the sliding band; the object of the spiral spring is at all times
to keep the band down over the tips, so that they cannot get out of their
fastening when the umbrella is "down."
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GUARDS, AND METHOD OF AFFIXING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Porter, junior, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1875.
I, GEORGE PORTER, junior, of 23, Cullum St., in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIRE-GUARDS, AND METHOD OF AFFIXING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
An improved fire guard constructed in such a manner that however
long it remains in front of a large fire it always keeps perfectly. cool,
thereby rendering it impossible for children or others to be burnt by it,
or its becoming a conductor of heat to linen or other material that may
be placed upon it, as is the case with the ordinary fire-guard.
In carrying out this Invention I construct the guard of hollow tubes
(instead of the ordinary method of using solid metal) so as to form air
passages, through which there is a constant current of cold air circulating
through every part, by which means the guard becomes a non-conductor
of heat, and always remains cold. These guards may be constructed of
either round, square, or other shaped tubes, in brass, iron, or other
metal, and may be made semicircular, oval, or any other convenient
shane.

page_text: In affixing the guard to an ordinary fire-place I drill or cut slot holes
in the front of the stove, into which the studs or hooks which are mado
on each end of the guard fit. I fix over each hole an escutcheon or plate
(hanging upon a pin or screw) which falls upon the rail of the guard, so
as to keep it in its place, and when the guard is removed the escutcheon
falls down and hides the slot holes from view.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CLINICAL THERMOMETERS."
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Webster, of Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Thermometer Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CLINICAL THERMOMETERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Webster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1875.
I, JAMES WEBSTER, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Thermometer Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLINICAL THERMOMETERS," to be as follows:-
In the use of clinical thermometers it is found that the divisions,.
figures, and other markings thereon become so indistinct as to render
such instruments unserviceable, and the object of my improvements is
to protect such divisions, figures, and markings from becoming;

page_text: obliterated by use. For this purpose I enclose the stem of the tube of
the thermometer above the bulb in a transparent glass tube, one or both
ends of which may be sealed, thereby protecting the divisions, figures,
and markings from injury or obliteration.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Webster in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st June 1876.
TO ALL TO-WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WEBSTER, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Thermometer
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said James Webster, Her
special license that I, the said James Webster, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Webster,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLINICAL THERMOMETERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Webster, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal. Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
66
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Webster; do hereby declare

page_text: have it understood that what I claim is applying to a clinical ther-
mometer a close fitting protecting tube, in manner and for the purpose
substantially as herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Webster, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR COVERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES, AND IN THE CLIP OR STRAP TO BE USED THEREWITH FOR THE PURPOSE OF SECURING AND REMOVING THE SAME WHEN REQUIRED
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dan Rylands at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1875.
I, DAN RYLANDS, of Ardsley, Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR COVERS FOR BOTTLES,
JARS, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES, AND IN THE CLIP OR STRAP TO BE USED
THEREWITH FOR THE PURPOSE OF SECURING AND REMOVING THE SAME WHEN
REQUIRED," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in stoppers or
covers for bottles, jars, and other hollow articles, and in the clip or
strap to be used therewith for the purpose of securing and removing
the same when required. I pass a wire collar round the neck of
the bottle; to this wire collar I connect a metal clip or strap
formed in the shape of a loop or bow being wide at its two ends and
narrow in its centre. From this centre two arms extend down to and
are connected with the wire collar in such a manner as to permit of the
metal bow moving easily to and fro. I then form a stopper of any
suitable material in the following way:-I make a ring or groove just
below its top in order to permit the centre of the wire loop to securely

page_text: lodge therein; the stem of the stopper just beneath such ring or groove
I form of an oval shape corresponding with that of each end of the
metal loop or bow, and just above the plug of the stopper I form a
broad rim or flange which rest upon the top of the bottle.
When it is desired to pour out the contents of the bottle I push the
stopper into one of the loops of the metal bow, whereby it is caused to
rise a sufficient height in the neck to permit of the escape of the liquid
in any desired quantity, after which the bottle can be at once closed by
pushing the stopper down into the neck, and then forcing the narrow
part of the metal loop into the ring, or groove provided for its reception
in the neck of the stopper.
"Around the plug of the stopper I form a narrow groove so as to allow
of a vulcanite or other suitable washer being, passed over it in order to
hermetically close the bottle.
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IMPROVEMENTS IN HANGING LINES FOR DRYING WALL AND OTHER PAPERS, AND ALSO TEXTILE OR OTHER WEB FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lloyd and James Scully at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th January 1875.
We, JOHN LLOYD, Paper Stainer, and JAMES SCULLY, Engineer, both
of Whiteinch, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HANGING LINES FOR
DRYING WALL AND OTHER PAPERS, AND ALSO TEXTILE OR OTHER WEB FABRICS," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in hanging lines for
drying wall and other papers and also textile and web fabrics, consists in
the employment of an endless travelling pitch chain or band passed
around chain or other pullies, and extending throughout the length of
the drying stove or enclosure wherein the drying operation is carried on.
Laths or bars are hinged loosely or fixed to the said travelling pitch
chain or band at suitable intervals apart, and the endless chain or band,
pullies, and laths or bars, receive motion (through bevil wheels or their
equivalent) from a driving shaft situated at one end of the apparatus
and actuated by hand or power. A curved guide is situated beneath the

page_text: chain pulley at the driving end of the apparatus, with which the laths or
bars (loosely hinged to the aforesaid endless chain or band) come in
contact, and by which they are raised from a pendant or vertical to a
horizontal position.
The laths or bars are kept in their horizontal position by having their
outer ends placed by the action of the curved guide upon horizontal bars
or guides, which extend parallel to the aforesaid endless chain or band,
and as each lath or bar is raised in succession to the horizontal position,
a fold of the web of paper or textile fabric to be dried is placed or hung
thereon; and the paper or textile fabric thus hung over the laths or bars
is slowly traversed through the drying stove by the action of the endless
travelling chain or band. The material thus treated is thereafter
delivered in a dried state at the opposite end of the apparatus, or it may
be brought back by the endless travelling chain or band, and delivered
at the same end of the machine to which it is fed.
In delivering the dried material the laths or bars which support it
leave the supporting bars or guides, and fall from a horizontal to a
vertical or pendant position, leaving the fold of paper or textile fabric to
be rolled up by the reel or measuring machine placed to receive the dried
material.
The material is fed to the apparatus through a pair of ordinary
"nipping" or delivery rollers, or by an endless blanket which place the
paper or textile fabric upon a series of arms or bars fixed to another
endless travelling chain or band (set at an angle and carried upon chain
or other pullies actuated from the driving shaft), which arms or bars
raise the paper or textile fabric and place it upon the laths or bars
hinged to the endless travelling chain or band first referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Douglas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1875.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DOUGLAS, of Stourbridge, in the County of
Worcester, Watch Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be 'as
follows:
My Invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of parts
herein-after described, whereby sewing machines to which the same are
applied can be conveniently used for closing the fingers of kid and
other gloves, and also for sewing or closing other articles of a tubular
figure.
In place of the table or support on which the articles to be sewn are.
ordinarily supported during the sewing process, I employ a tube by
preference elliptical in cross section. This tube is supported horizontally,
and is jointed at one end to the frame of the machiñe so that it can be
turned aside. There is an opening on the upper side of the said tube,
which opening when the said tube is in its normal or working position iş

page_text: immediately under the needle of the machine. In the axis of the said
tube is a rod capable of travelling backwards and forwards. The rear
end of this rod is connected through a slot in the tube with the ordinary
mechanism for giving motion to the shuttle, and to the other or front
end of the said rod the shuttle carrier is attached.
In using a sewing machine made according to my Invention the tube
is first turned aside upon its joint and the glove finger or other tubular
article which has to be closed is placed upon it. The tube is then
restored to its normal position, and the machine on being worked effects
the closing or sewing of the edges of the glove finger or other article, by
which closing the completion of the said glove finger or other tubular
article is effected.
The parts of the machine not described differ in no essential respect
from corresponding parts in ordinary sewing machines.
My Invention is applicable to sewing machines making the lock stitch
as well as to those making the chain stitch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BISCUITS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1875
'
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of No 30, Sackville Street, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Professor of Dictctics, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BISCUITS," to bc
as follows:
The said Invention relates to the manufacture of biscuits which
contain the beneficial properties of tea, coffee, or other similar stimu-
lants, and which are designed to be used under circumstances where it
is not convenient or desirable to have such substances prepared in their
usual liquid form
In practising my Invention I take a suitable quantity of whole meal
or meal containing all the nutritious properties of wheat, and mix there-
with eggs, butter, sugar, and milk; to this mixture I add a strong
decoction of tea or other stimulant. The strength and quantity of this
decoction should be sufficient to give to the biscuit a strong flavour of
the tea or other stimulant used.

page_text: The said biscuits may be made of any suitable size or form, and aro
baked with great care to prevent the loss of the tea or other extract or
decoction by evaporation or otherwise, and when baked they are carefully
packed to preserve their strength and flavour.
These biscuits, when properly made and baked, will be found capable
of imparting to the system all the beneficial effects sought to be obtained
by the use of liquid tea, coffee, or the like, without the debilitating
action of so much hot liquid upon the digestive and nervous systems.
The said Invention therefore will be of great value to persons travelling,
and to others whose occupation or other circumstances make it im-
possible or inconvenient for them to obtain tea, coffee, or the like in the
ordinary form, but who, through custom or otherwise, require the
stimulative action of these substances at certain periods.
It will be observed that my Invention does not-relate to the simple
flavouring of biscuits with essences or extracts, but to the manufacture
of biscuits which have in them the tea or other stimulant so combined
or incorporated with the particles of the meal and other ingredients that"
tho said biscuits, when properly made and baked, not only have the
flavour, but the active or essential principles of the tea or other stimu-
lative substance, which, when taken into the system, by the process of
digestion, will be more beneficially effective than if taken in the ordinary
form.
And the said Invention will be found of great benefit to invalids and
others who cannot take liquid tea because of its injurious action upon
the digestion and nerves, but who might be greatly benefited by the
gently stimulative action of tea, if that could be obtained without the
after injurious effect occasioned by the use of the same in a liquid form,
and for this purpose the strength of the tea extract or decoction may be
varied to afford more or less of the stimulative action as desired.
AN IMPROVED THERMO-ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henelade Courtenay at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th October 1875.
I, ROBERT HENELADE COURTENAY, 4, Meyrick Road, Clapham
Junction, Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED THERMO-ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR," to be as follows:-
:—
This Invention has for its object the application of a current of
electricity generated by means of a thermo-electric battery to a peculiarly
constructed magnetic beam engine for the purpose of imparting motive
power thereto, which power can be applied to any useful purpose.
Thermo-electricity is herein mentioned, but I do not confine myself to
any particular methods of generating currents of electricity to be used
for the purpose of imparting motive power to the engine to be herein-
after described.
Two powerful magnets (or more can be used) are arranged, the helices
of which are secured to a suitable frame; the cores of the magnets are
moveable, and the backs of the cores are secured to a spiral or other

page_text: spring of sufficient strength to enable the cores to return to their position
at the return stroke of the crank of the engine. The cause of the
cores being displaced is as follows:-The cores themselves act as piston
rods, the same being magnetised one way of the stroke and demagnetised
the other half of the stroke, the cores of the magnets becoming pistons
when the bar of the piston keeper makes contact with the poles of the
magnets, causing the magnets to recede against the spring, actual contact
being made between magnets and keepers during half or more of a
revolution of the engine crank. The pistons are connected with the
ends of the beam and fit accurately into the cylinder poles of the
magnets.
There is a division between each disc of iron of the keeper corre-
sponding in distance with the break piece of the current, which space
can be filled in with ebonite, ivory, or a helix of wire. At the end of
each piston is a brass or gun metal guide rod fitting like the piston
accurately into the hollow cylindrical cores of the magnets. According
to longth of stroke and power of engine required so is the length of
piston made, the receding cores of the magnets forming a part of the
length of the said piston.
By the above arrangement it will be seen that the inside as well as the
outside of the poles magnetise the piston keepers; in addition the bar
of the keeper coming into contact with the poles of the magnets give
the whole of the sustaining power of the magnets, less the resisting
power of the spring used in keeping the cores in position. In engines
of long stroke the leverage of the receding spring could be brought to
bear on multiplying gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1875.
I, JOHN WATKINS, of Windsor Street, Birmingham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES," to be as
follows:-
The construction of ordinary skates now made requiring a complicated
assortment of articles are by the nature of my Invention absolutely
unnecessary in making the skate or instrument to be used in the art or
for skating purposes. I make and use a socket or cylinder in which I
place a plate glass annular disc; I then place a globular or round ball in
the said socket or cylinder; I then secure the globular ball in the
cylinder by the application of a perforated cover attached thereto,
thereby allowing the said globular ball to take its bearing against the
plate glass disc and cylinder cover when in action. My skate or
instrument now being ready for use I can apply the said socket or

page_text: cylinder to the soles and heels of boots, shoes, or any other frame
applied to the foot by any suitable means. It will thus be seen that
the construction of skates according to my Invention are simple, and by
revolving on ball centres and glass bearings thoroughly antifrictional,
and specially adapted for rink or ice skating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST, FORGED, AND ROLLED STEEL
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Shaw, the younger, of Wolsingham,
in the County of Durham, Manager of Steel Works, and William
Hutchinson, of Tudhoe Iron Works, Spennymoor, in the County
of Durham, Manager of Iron Works, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST, FORGED, AND ROLLED
STEEL"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Shaw and
William Hutchinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th December 1875.
We, WILLIAM SHAW, the younger, of Wolsingham, in the County
of Durham, Manager of Steel Works, and WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, of
Tudhoe Iron Works, Spennymoor, in the County of Durham, Manager
of Iron Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST, FORGED, AND ROLLED
STEEL," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of the process or combination of processes

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Shaw and William Hutchinson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th June 1876.
'
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
SHAW, the younger, of Wolsingham, in the County of Durham, 3
Manager of Steel Works, and WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, of Tudhoe Iron

page_text: in a reheating furnace may be forged or rolled into rails, plates, bars,
or other articles.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Shaw and William
Hutchinson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six.
WILLIAM SHAW, JR.
(L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM HUTCHINSON. (L.S.)
WILLIAM ANTH'. SCORER NEWBY,
Wolsingham,
Durham.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CREASED, FOLDED, OR PLAITED FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Rath and William
Scantlebury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st January 1875.
We, FERDINAND RATH, of Goldsmith Street, in the City of London,
and WILLIAM SCANTLEBURY, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CREASED, FOLDED, OR PLAITED FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED
FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to improvements in creased, folded, or
plaited fabrics, such as or similar to those used for ladies' collars,
trimmings, and other like purposes; and, secondly, our improvements
relate to the machinery or apparatus employed for this purpose.
According to the first part of our improvements, in place of forming
the plaits or folds transversely at right angles across the length of the
fabric to be creased, folded, or plaited, we form them diagonally or at an
angle across the fabric, or the folds or plaits may have a curved or zig-
zag form or outline imparted thereto. The folds or plaits may be
afterwards crossed by passing them a second time between the rollers,

page_text: In carrying out the first part of our improvements we employ rollers,
the surfaces of which are formed with teeth and grooves or hollows
arranged diagonally or in curved lines around them, so that when the
fabrics are passed between them corresponding diagonal or curved folds
or plaits are formed thereon.
In carrying out the second part of our improvements for creasing,
folding, or plaiting fabrics, we employ an endless band composed of
endless chains or bands, upon which a series of bars are mounted. The
rollers around which the endless band revolves may, if desired, be heated,
or heat may be otherwise applied to the endless band of bars at any
convenient part of its travel.
-
In combination with the endless band of bars a heated roller is arranged
to revolve, the surface of which is formed with a series of teeth or bars
which at one part enter between or engage with the bars carried by the
endless chain or band before mentioned. The fabric to be creased or
folded is fed in between the surface of the roller and endless band of
bars, and is thus creased or plaited, and as it is delivered it comes in
contact with a hot box or ironing apparatus, which effectually lays and
perfects the previously formed plaits or folds.
In place of employing an endless band and roller, as previously
described, two endless bands of bars may be arranged so as to obtain a
like result.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPLITTING OR CLEAVING WOOD, AND FOR MAKING IT UP INTO BUNDLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rowley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
July 1875.
I, JOHN ROWLEY, of 84, Camberwell Road, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPLITTING OR CLEAVING WOOD, AND FOR MAKING IT UP
INTO BUNDLES," to be as follows:—
•
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for splitting or
cleaving wood, and for making up the lengths when cut into convenient
sized bundles for sale and use. For this purpose I mount a wedge-
shaped tool or cutter at one or both ends of a reciprocating bar or
slide, the wood to be split being fed forward after each successive piece
is split off.
The bar or slide may be moved to and fro by means of a crank,
eccentric, or other suitable mechanical contrivance actuated by hand or
other motive power. The chief feature of this part of my Invention
relates to the form of the wedge shaped tool employed for splitting or
cleaving the wood in place of using a chisel shaped cutter as heretofore,
the splitting action being effected with greater ease and expedition.

page_text: In order to facilitate the operation of bundling, the lengths of wood
as they are cut or split off fall on to an endless apron, arranged in
accordance with my Invention, having a series of cross bars or divisions,
each division, if desired, being suitable for holding the quantity of wood
required for making up into a bundle The apron conducts or elevates
the wood to any situation desired, where it is taken off and tied up into
bundles of the requisite size.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAVING OF GAS AND FOR ECONOMIZING THE USE OF GAS IN RAILWAY TRAINS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Douglas Norton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1875.
I, CHARLES DOUGLAS NORTON, of No. 17, Arthur Road, Stoke
Newington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE
SAVING OF GAS AND FOR ECONOMIZING THE USE OF GAS IN RAILWAY TRAINS,
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as folows:-
According to my Invention I make a metal pipe, and convey it along
with the main pipe on the top or sides of the railway carriages with
similar flexible pipes between the carriages as are now in use. I make
junctions to correspond with each light at present in use, and into those
junctions I insert the end of another short pipe to lead into the lamp of
the carriage, the short pipe being bent in the same or other form as the
main pipe; but on the end of short pipe I have a small jet, which is to
be always alight during the daytime, the end of which will come in
close proximity to the large or principal jet. I protect this small light
or jet of gas by means of a metal cover or lantern,

page_text: I have an arrangement by means of taps which are solely under the
care and control of the guard belonging to the train or other person in
charge, and by which means in tunnels or under other circumstances
they can light up the carriages of a whole train or extinguish the same
at pleasure; and when done for the day they can turn both taps, and the
whole of the gas is then entirely out. Or in lieu of the above I have a
spirit, oil, or petroleum lamp so placed as to serve the aforesaid
purposes.
In the event of gas being carried otherwise than in the break van I
make a tap with levers to each gas holder, to which levers I make a rod
in connexion with each lever leading to the break van and similar to
the method applied to signals.
For publio buildings I make an extra pipe with small jets as already
described leading from holder or meter, and when the main jets are in
use the small jets may be turned out.
For fog, distant, or main signals I make an extra pipe with small jets
as already described. The method I adopt is by means of a lever, crank
and rod, connected with the signal boxes.
AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR GATHERING FRUIT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Theodore King at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1875.
I, JOHN THEODORE KING, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford-
shire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR GATHERING FRUIT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved implement for gathering fruit,
whereby this operation is performed without the use of a ladder, and the
fruit will not be liable to be bruised.
The means by which I propose to effect the above object are as
follows: At the end of a rod, which may be lengthened by means of
joints like a fishing rod, I place a couple of light jaw-shaped frames
hinged together. One of the said frames is fixed to the rod, and the
other is furnished with a trigger, to which is attached a string about the
length of the rod. To the movable frame aforesaid is fixed a bag-shaped
net, and another net is stretched across the fixed frame.
The mode of gathering fruit by means of the above described imple-
ment is as follows:-The string is left loose to allow the frame on which

page_text: is fixed the bag-shaped net to drop down so as to open the jaws. The
fruit is taken in between the two frames, and the string pulled taught,
by which operation the two jaw-shaped frames will be brought together,
and on the operator giving the rod a slight pull the fruit will be gathered
and received into the bag-shaped net aforesaid.
If desired the string for pulling the trigger may be made to pass
inside the rod, so as to avoid catching in the branches of the tree.
The aforesaid jaw frames may have a knife edge, so as to cut the fruit
off, if found desirable.
NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR DRIVING SHAFTS WHICH REVOLVE AT A HIGH SPEED
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McLachlan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1875.
.1
I, JOHN MCLACHLAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "NEW
OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR DRIVING SHAFTS WHICH REVOLVE AT A HIGH SPEED,"
to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention which relates to new or improved mechanism for
driving shafts which revolve at a high speed depends for its action upon
the friction of smooth surfaces rotating against one another.
In the case of rotating a single shaft at a high speed, such for
example as is necessary for driving a fan or other mechanism, a wheel
is employed which is carried upon the end of a shaft provided with a
pulley or other means for rotating it. The afore-mentioned wheel is
formed with a flanch or projecting rim, against the interior surface of
which two friction rollers are brought in contact, these again bearing
upon the shaft or upon a pulley on the shaft to which the high rate of
speed has to be imparted. The afore-mentioned pair of rollers are

page_text: carried in bearings, whose position is capable of being adjusted so as to
produce any required degree of pressure upon the several parts of the
rotating mechanism.
In the case of driving two shafts or pulleys a flanched wheel like that
herein-before mentioned is used, and against the inner surface of the
flanch, of which the shafts or pulleys thereon are brought to bear with
the requisite degree of friction to ensure their rotation. The rotating of
the shafts is also facilitated or aided by another friction wheel bearing
upon the opposite sides thereof, and situate within the flanched friction
wheel herein-before mentioned.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR TREATING FLAX AND SIMILAR TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Davison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1875.
I, RICHARD DAVISON, of Ballymena, in the County of Antrim, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR TREATING FLAX AND SIMILAR TEXTILE
MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
:-
This Invention has for its object to substitute for the ordinary
scutching process as applied to flax and similar textile materials the
action of improved machinery or apparatus designed to secure the
desired result in a superior manner and without the great waste of fibre
which accompanies the scutching operation.
The improved machinery or apparatus comprises a horizontal table or
surface, along which the flax is made to travel intermittently by pairs of
rollers which are suitably driven, the lower roller of each pair being
contained in a recess in the table. In the space between one pair of
rollers and the next there are placed two pairs of breaker bars parallel.
to the rollers, these pairs of bars being arranged to grip the flax at one

page_text: time and to let it pass onwards at another. One pair of the breaker bars
does not move forwards or backwards, but holds the flax whilst the
other pair with the flax gripped between them at about an inch forward
of the first pair of bars is made to reciprocate rapidly backwards and
forwards. The effect of this action is first to "break" the flax midway
between the two pairs of breaker bars, and then with succeeding
reciprocations or blows to thoroughly loosen the shove or shive or even
entirely separate it. On the reciprocation of the breaker bars having
been continued long enough on the portion of flax temporarily held
'between them, the bars are opened or separated sufficiently to allow the
rollers to move the flax far enough forward to bring the next part
between the bars. In order to complete the separation of the shove, the
flax is in its onward progress, after passing between a pair of rollers,
subjected to the action of a pair of bars which may be termed "shears,”
their action being similar to that of a pair of blunt shears, one bar being
beneath the flax and the other above it, and one or both bars being
moved so as to bend or deflect the flax over their edges, and thereby
effect the desired separation.
The herein-before described operations will, it is believed, clean the flax
in a superior manner, and without the loss of fibre inseparable from the
ordinary scutching process, the improved processes being such as to
remove nothing but the shove, and also having the further important
advantage of finally delivering the flax in a condition requiring less
labor in the subsequent manufacturing operations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE SHUTTLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1875. A communication from abroad by Hugh Lewis Walker, of
86, York Street, Toronto, Canada.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE SHUTTLES,” (being a
communication to me from abroad by Hugh Lewis Walker, of 86, York
Street, Toronto, Canada,) to be as follows:-
The objects of the Invention are,—
First. To lessen the cost of manufacturing the shuttle.
2nd. To facilitate the threading of the same.
And, 8rd. To provide an even smooth tension, easily regulated and
adjusted without the assistance of a screwdriver or any such tool.
These objects are secured by simplyfying the construction of the
shuttle, by dispensing with all set screws for regulating the tension,
and centres for holding the bobbin, also in obtaining the tension by

page_text: A is the body of the shuttle in which the bobbin B lies; O is the top
spring plate held to the bottom spring plate D by the rivet d, the two
thus held together are hinged on the pin 6 to the shuttle A, the hinge
being formed by the pin 6 passing between the two spring plates c and D,
the end e of the latter being shaped as shewn, so as to form the desired
hinge; E is the thread hole in the shuttle, and F is a notch cut in the
plate C, which serves the purpose of a funnel to guide the thread
through the hole E, the bridge G assisting in the action. The end H of
the plate D is bent down, and when the lid of the shuttle formed by the
two plates D and C is closed, this bent end H presses against the end of
the bobbin, holding it in position, the notch f fitting over the shank of
the bobbin, as shewn.
'
The indentations a made in one side of the plate D, as shewn, are for
the purpose of holding the thread at any desired tension it has been
adjusted to, which adjustment and operation of the shuttle is effected as
follows: Open the shuttle lid formed by the two spring plates C and D,
and push the bobbin B into its place as indicated by Drawing, slip |
the thread I between these two plates, the shape of the end H facilitating
this operation; when the thread is thus placed slide it up towards the
rivet d, the stiffer the tension required the nearer must the thread be to
the said rivet. When the thread I is in the desired position draw it into
the notch it is opposite to, it being remembered that the thread must
enter in the notched side of the plate. When thus adjusted close the
lid of the shuttle and pass the thread I through the eye E, the notch F
in the plate O making the operation exceedingly easy to accomplish.
The threading is now complete, and it will be found that not only
is it and the adjustment simple and efficient, but that the tension is
perfect in strength and regularity. A pin g in the shuttle and slot h
in the cover C, D, are, it will be noticed, so relatively placed that when
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE AND TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gratton and John Beal
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd May 1875..
We, THOMAS GRATTON and JOHN BEAL, both of Ambergate, in the
County of Derby, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE AND TRACTION ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
According to this Invention we do away with the use of the ordinary
outside cranks, crank boss wheels, and connecting or side rods, which
ordinarily transmit rotary motion from the driving wheels to the other
travelling wheels; and we substitute in lieu thereof friction wheels to
which a rotary motion is transmitted from the driving wheels of the
engine, frictional contact being established between the said driving
wheels, the friction wheels, and the other travelling wheels of the engine.
The said friction wheels may be of any convenient size, and may be flat,
grooved, or angled on the rim, and they may be fixed in any convenient
position relatively to the engine wheels, by preference, however, so that
their weight assists or increases the pressure required for the friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE MATTRESSES AND SEATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Schallehn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
July 1875. A communication from abroad by C. D. C. Brühs, of
Hamburgh, in the Empire of Germany.
I, HENRY SCHALLEHN, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE MATTRESSES AND SEATS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the production of a mattress for bed-
steads, and seats for couches and chairs, that shall be elastic, inexpensive,
durable, clean, and dry. It consists of a wire coil texture formed of
spiral coils affixed or applied to bedsteads as after described. The wire
coils are galvanized, lacquered, papered, or painted, so as to protect the
metal from corrosion or oxidation. The wire is made of steel or other
metal.
In the case of a mattress to be applied to a bedstead or seat the wire
coil texture is stretched upon a light metal frame and secured on all
sides, but the wire coil texture can be stretched upon a frame forming
part of the bedstead or seat.

page_text: On the application of this Invention to portable bedsteads or seats for
travelling or military purposes the arms forming the metal frame are
jointed, so that the mattress will fold into a convenient form for carrying
or packing.
The head of the mattress is adjusted to the bedstead, so that it may
be raised or lowered as desired, by the head part of the frame being
jointed to the portion running at the sides.
The mattress of wire coil texture is very clastic and strong, and
obviates the necessity of using any ordinary mattress, palliasse, or other
bedding, requiring only to be covered with a blanket or similar article.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker and George
Pickford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th October 1875.
We, JOHN WALKER and GEORGE PICKFORD, both of Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SPINDLES
EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows :—
This Invention is applicable to that class of machines used for
spinning cotton and other fibrous substances, called self-acting mules
and twiners, and consists of a simple apparatus applied to the bolster
rail of the spindle carriage in such machines for the purpose of supplying
tallow (or a mixture of tallow and blacklead, or soapstone, or other
solid or semi-solid lubricant) to the spindles immediately above the
bolster rail.
We take a number of light rails of wood, say, for example, about
fourteen inches long, one and half inch wide, and one-quarter of an inch

page_text: thick, and along the centre line we drill through the thickness a number
of holes corresponding in diameter and in distance apart with the
spindles to be lubricated; we then saw each strip longitudinally through
the centre, so as to form two strips having a series of semicircular recesses
along one edge. It will be evident that if these strips be laid on the
bolster rail, one in front of and one behind the spindles, they will fit
exactly, and the semicircular recesses will embrace the spindles, and in
order to keep them in this position we provide one rail with projecting
pins or pegs, and the other with corresponding holes, so that when placed
in position the two rails virtually form one rail, with a series of holes
embracing the spindles.
In the underneath part of the front rail (or in both, if preferred) we
cut or form a series of inclined notches or recesses, one to each spindle
hole, the deeper part of the notch being inwards, so as to bring that side
of the hole almost to a feather edge, and before placing the rails in
position we fill these notches with tallow or other solid or semi-solid
lubricant. This lubricating matter will thus be furnished to the spindles
as required, and it is found that once filling the notches with tallow will
keep the spindles lubricated for about a week.
The rails may be made of any convenient length, but about fourteen
inches or one to each dozen spindles will be found a convenient
size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR FIRE HOSE OR OTHER PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Macartney at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1875.
I, GEORGE MACARTNEY, Superintendent of the Fire Brigade,
Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declaro.
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR
FIRE HOSE OR OTHER PIPES OR TUBES," to be as follows, that is to say:—
This Invention has for its object to provide a simple, durable, and
fluid-tight coupling for fire hose or other pipes or tubes, and it consists
principally in introducing a cupped washer or ring of leather, or of
vulcanised rubber, or of other suitable flexible material, to act as a
packing between the two parts of the coupling. With such packing
there is also by preference combined an improved contrivance for
locking or holding the two parts of the coupling; this contrivance
consisting of a pair of pins screwed through diametrically opposite lugs
on one part of the coupling so as when the other part of the coupling is
entered into its place to catch on a projecting ring or shoulder formed
thereon.

page_text: The cupped packing washer is by preference fixed in the faucet part
of the coupling by means of a metal ring screwed in or otherwise, and
in that case the inner lip of the washer will bear on the nose of the
spigot part of the coupling when the spigot is inserted into the faucet
and make a fluid-tight joint. The packing washer may however be
fixed on the spigot if preferred, in which case its outer lip will bear
against the inside of the faucet when the two parts are put together.