Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Material for use in the Construction of Fencing and Railing.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 2nd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Material for use in the
Construction of Fencing and Railing.
We THE ADAMANT RAILING COMPANY LIMITED of 22 Booth Street Man-
chester in the County of Lancaster Railing and Fencing Manufacturers and
JOSEPH HETHERINGTON of the said Company Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our said invention relates to an improved manufacture of material for use in the
construction of fencing and railing for the protection of railways, parks, reservoirs,
pleasure grounds, commons and the like and has for its object to produce a railing
or fencing which will be cheap in first cost and in maintenance, strong, and practi-
cally indestructable by the influence of weather. Such fencing and railing as at
present constructed is usually made of metal or wood or of combinations of metal or
wood and wire. These materials are however all subject to decay, are expensive to
maintain and in many cases have to be repaired and repainted every year.
According to our invention in making a post or rail of our improved type we prepare
moulds which may be of wood or of any other suitable material open at the top and
of the exact shape of the required rail, stretcher or post. The said moulds are
filled with fluid or semi-fluid cement or fine concrete or cement or concrete mixed
with crushed or powdered granite or other hard material or substance. We at the
same time introduce a rod or bar or rods or bars of iron or steel into the said mould
of cement or material and placed lengthwise so as to extend throughout or nearly
throughout the entire length of the mould. The said metallic core or rod or rods
which is or are entirely enveloped or covered with the cement or composition
remains as a hidden strength-giving and supporting element in the manufactured
article. The core or rod or rods might be straight or zig-zag or corrugated or of
any suitable shape calculated to increase the strength. Any bolt or pin or other
holes or checks or recesses in the rail, post or stretcher and which may be necessary
in securing the fencing together are cored or formed during the moulding operations.
When the moulds have been filled with the cement containing the strengthening
steel or iron rod or rods as described each mould is covered by a presser capable of
slightly entering the mould and the series of pressers is covered by a board upon
which a weight or weights is or are placed so as to compress the moulded articles
in the moulds. In practice we place one set of moulds upon the top of the other
and thus utilise the weight of the moulds themselves as a means of imparting
pressure. We do not however limit ourselves to any particular mode of pressing
the moulds so long as the moulded articles are pressed and dried or partly dried
under pressure. The cement or composition comprising the moulded articles is thus
pressed closely together and the rails, stretchers and posts are made stronger and
more homogeneous than they would be if dried without pressure. When the articles
are sufficiently set they are removed from the moulds and by preference immersed
in a silicate solution made by adding proportions of carbonate of soda and fine sand
to water. After immersion the articles are if necessary smoothed and finished and
are stacked for a sufficient length of time to dry and ripen. The posts have or may
have cored mortice holes to take the ends of the stretchers and the. stretchers and
rails are cored to receive attaching bolts. The nuts or bolt heads may be sunk in
the stretchers and covered with a plug so that the bolt is made snug and is protected
from the corrosive effects of the weather. The posts, stretchers and rails may be
of any size and shape and may be made plain or ornamental. The nature of the
cement or composition may be varied at will and the exterior of the moulded

page_text: articles might be highly polished or finished if such should be desired. The com-
bination of the metallic core with the cement or concrete gives great strength and
the concrete or cement not being subject to corrosion or decay makes a railing so
constructed practically indestructable as far as weather influences are concerned.
The cement comprising the moulded articles may be made of any colour so that
painting which is in itself a great source of expense may be altogether dispensed
with. The improved fencing material is light and portable and is not liable to
breakage during transport.
Dated this 25th day of July 1890.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Material for use in the
Construction of Fencing and Railing.
We THE ADAMANT RAILING COMPANY LIMITED of 22 Booth Street Man-
chester in the County of Lancaster, Railing and Fencing Manufacturers and
JOSEPH HETHERINGTON of the said Company Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accom-
panying drawings
Our said invention relates to an improved manufacture of material for use in the
construction of fencing and railing for the protection of railways, parks, reservoirs,
pleasure grounds, commons and the like, and has for its object to produce a railing
or fencing which will be cheap in first cost and in maintenance, strong, and practi-
cally indestructable by the influence of weather. Such fencing and railing as at
present constructed is usually made of metal or wood or of combinations of metal or
wood and wire. These materials are however all subject to decay, are expensive to
maintain and in many cases have to be repaired and repainted every year.
According to our invention we make fencing from materials composed of cement
or concrete in combination with a core or cores or skeletons of metal embedded in
the concrete and entirely covered thereby. The combination of the metallic core
or skeleton with the cement or concrete gives great strength, while the concrete or
cement not being subject to corrosion or decay, we are enabled to produce a railing
which is practically indestructable as far as weather influences are concerned.
The annexed two sheets of drawings illustrate several forms of our improved
fencing and the manufacture and construction of the same.
On sheet 1-
Fig. 1 represents a stretch of our improved fencing showing the rails a
stretchers and posts e as they appear when the fencing is erected.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the post c.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the post c.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the mode of connecting the rail a to the
stretcher b.
On sheet 2-
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the rail a.
Fig. 6 is a section thereof.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the stretcher b.
Fig. 8 is a section.
Fig. 9 is a portion of hurdling made from our improved material.
Fig. 10 shows a portion of wire fencing with posts of our improved material.
In making a post or rail of our improved type of fencing, we prepare moulds
which it is unnecessary to show in the drawings and which may be of wood or of
any other suitable material open at the top and of the exact shape of the required

page_text: rail, stretcher or post. The said moulds are filled with fluid or semi-fluid cement
or fine concrete or cement or concrete mixed with crushed or powdered granite or
other hard material or substance. We at the same time introduce a rod or bar or
rods or bars d see Figs. 6 and 8 of iron or steel into the said mould of cement
or material and placed lengthwise so as to extend throughout or nearly throughout
the entire length of the mould. The rods or bars d are or may be connected or
tied together by wires e as shown in the drawings or by any other suitable
connecting means, or they may be laid independently of each other. The said
metallic core or rod or rods d which is or are entirely enveloped or covered with
the cement or composition remain as a hidden strength-giving and supporting
element in the manufactured article.
The core or rod or rods d might be straight as shown or zig-zag or corrugated
or of any suitable shape calculated to increase the strength.
Any bolt or pin or other holes such for example as the holes f¹ (see Figs. 5
and 7) or checks or recesses as for example the mortice holes in Fig. 2 in the
rail, post or stretcher and which may be necessary in securing the fencing together
are cored or formed during the moulding operations. When the moulds have been
filled with the cement containing the strengthening steel or iron core or rods as
described, each mould is covered by a presser capable of slightly entering the
mould and the series of pressers is covered by a board upon which a weight or
weights is or are placed so as to compress the moulded articles in the moulds.
practice we place one set of moulds upon the top of the other and thus utilise the
weight of the moulds themselves as means of imparting pressure.
In
We do not however limit ourselves to any particular mode of pressing the moulds
so long as the moulded articles are pressed and dried or partly dried under pressure.
The cement or composition comprising the moulded articles is thus pressed closely
together and the rails, stretchers and posts are made stronger and more homogeneous
than they would be if dried without pressure.
When the articles are sufficiently set they are removed from the moulds and by
preference immersed in a silicate solution made by adding proportions of carbonate
of soda and fine sand to water. After immersion the articles are if necessary
smoothed and finished and are stacked for a sufficient length of time to dry and
harden.
The posts have or may have cored mortice holes c' as shown at Fig. 2 to take
the ends of the stretchiers and the stretchers and rails are cored to receive attaching
bolts f
The nuts or bolt heads may be sunk in the stretchers as shown at Fig. 4
and filled in flush with cement so that the bolt is made snug and is protected from
the corrosive effects of the weather.
In fixing up fencing in accordance with our invention the posts c are first set up.
The stretchers are then introduced into the mortice holes e¹ and the rails a are
then bolted to the stretchers by the bolts f. The recess occupied by the mut may
then be filled in and made flush. The hurdling and fencing shown in Figs. 9
and 10 require no particular description the posts and bars being constructed in the
manner already set forth. The posts, stretchers and rails may be of any size and
shape and may be made plain or ornamental. The nature of the cement or com-
position may be varied at will and the exterior of the moulded articles might be
highly polished or finished if such should be desired.
The combination of the metallic core with the cement or concrete gives great
strength and the concrete or cement not being subject to corrosion or decay makes
a railing so constructed practically indestructable as far as weather influences are
concerned. The cement comprising the moulded articles may be made of any
colour so that painting which is in itself a great source of expense may be altogether
dispensed with.
The improved fencing material is light and portable and is not liable to breakage
during transport.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. As a new manufacture constructing fencing, railing, hurdles and the like from
materials composed of a combination of concrete or cement and metal in the manner
and substantially as hereinbefore described and shown..
2. A new or improved material for use in the construction of fencing consisting
of rails, posts, uprights stretchers and the like composed of a combination of
cement or concrete and metallic rods of cores, the said material being manufactured
by moulding and pressing in the manner and substantially as herein before described
and illustrated.
Dated this 26th day of March 1891.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester, Agents.