IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICSed
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake
& Co, Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE
FABRICS Communicated to him from abroad by Charles Coupland of
Seymour, Connecticut, United States of America
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1883.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings London "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS Communicated to me from abroad by Charles
Coupland of Seymour Connecticut United States of America
"
This invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics of that class in which a
double fabric is first woven, such fabric being composed of two ground webs
connected by intermediate pile threads extending from one ground web to the
other, so that by dividing the pile threads midway between the two webs, one
half thereof will be left projecting upon each of the divided parts, thereby
constituting two separate pile or plush fabrics As hitherto conducted the
manufacture of pile fabrics on this system has been subject to many drawbacks,
principally because of imperfections in the mechanical devices employed for cutting
or splitting the double fabric, which imperfections render the operation of the
cutting mechanism uncertain and slow and consequently imperfect, the mechanism
being moreover liable to get out of order and become useless in a short time and
having other inherent obstacles to practical working to any successful or material
extent. The said invention is designed to remove these drawbacks to the successful
manufacture of pile goods under the system aforesaid, and it comprises various
novel means and combinations of parts whereby I provide apparatus certain and
rapid in its operation, strong and durable in character, and capable of producing
-AM...מ

page_text: rapidly and consequently cheaply pile fabrics of the most superior quality so far as
concerns the operations of manufacture.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine constructed according to the said
invention
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same as seen from the left hand end of
Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the same as seen from the right hand end of
Figure 1,
Figure 4 is a vertical transverse section on the line 8, 8, Figures 1 and 5
Figure 5 is a plan and partial horizontal section of the same.
Figure 6 is a detail sectional view, on the line t, t, Figure 9 drawn to an enlarged
scale, showing one feature of the said invention.
Figure 7 is a similar section of the same on the line u, u,
Figure 8 is a side view of the device illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, and,
Figure 9 is a horizontal sectional view on the line v, v Figures 6 and 8.
Figure 10 is a transverse sectional view illustrating another feature of the said
invention, and,
5
1
Figure 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the part illustrated in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of certain devices included in another 2
feature of the said invention, and
Figure 13 is a side view and partial sectional view of the same.
Figure 14 is a sectional view, illustrating certain devices comprised in another
feature of the said invention and
Figure 15 is a side view thereof, but taken in a plane at right angles to
Figure 14
Figure 16 is a side view and partial section of certain mechanism as seen from
the left hand end of Figure 17.
Figure 17 is a side view of a portion of the device shown in Figure 16
Figure 18 is a horizontal sectional view on the line x, x, Figures 1, 16 and 17.
Figure 19 is a horizontal sectional view on the line w, w, of Figures 3 and 20
Figure 20 is a side view of the parts shown in Figure 19.
Figure 21 is a vertical transverse section on the liness of Figure 1.
Figure 22 is a front view illustrating the parts represented in Figure 21.
Figure 23 is a horizontal sectional view on the line y y Figure 21 of the parts
represented in Figures 21 and 22.
Figure 24 is a vertical transverse section on the same line as Figure 21, illustrating
the manner in which the circular knives act in separating the two webs of the
double pile fabric and also the action of the sharpening devices upon the rotary
cutters by which the aforesaid separation is effected.
Figure 25 is a detail section on the line 2, 2, of Figure 23, and
Figure 26 is an end view of the parts represented in Figure 25 as seen from the
left hand end of the latter.
A A' are two parallel straining bars arranged at the front of the machine, and
preferably in a horizontal position. These straining bars are placed one above
another with a suitable space, a between. This space is made greater or less
as circumstances require by adjusting one of the bars with reference to the other
as hereinafter explained. These straining bars should be made of metal, and for
lightness and also for other reasons may be hollowed at their inner or rear most
sides, as represented in Figures 4, 21, and 24. Placed below and towards the rear
of the lower straining bar A is a roll B, and above and toward the rear of the
lower straining bar A is a roll B, and above and toward the rear of the upper
straining bar A' is a similar roll B¹. B¹¹ B³ B' are guide rollers which in position
are parallel with the Roll B' but which are arranged in relation to the said roll B'
as represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4. C¹ and Ĕ are similar rollers, which in
position are parallel with the roll B, but which are arranged in -relation to the
said roll as represented in the said Figures. The gudgeons or shafts of the rollers

page_text: B" B³ C' and C" are placed in suitable bearings provided on the frame of the
machine, the rollers B³ and B' being supported by standards B extending
upwards from the main portion of the frame, while the bearings of the rollers Bu
Cand C are formed in the lower portion of the frame. The roll B¹, and rollers
5 B" B, and C have at one end of their respective shafts pulleys a' as indicated in
Figure 2. An idler or guide pulley of similar character is arranged as shown at b7.
A belt c' extends from the aforesaid pulley a² of the roll B" and the pulley b'
thence around the aforesaid pulleys of the rolls B", B and C, thereby givind
motion to the several rolls to ensure their drawing action in carrying the divideg
fabrics back from the rolls B, B¹.
Towards the rear of the machine is a tension bar C, the upper edges of which
should be in substantially the same horizontal plane as the space a between the
straining bars A A¹. Behind the tension bar C are secondary bars b, b' 6" and b³,
while at the rear of the machine is another bar b; of these the bars 6 and 6" are
detachable, in order to facilitate the introduction of the fabric to the apparatus
D is a series of circular knives or cutters arranged in a line coincident with the
space a between the straining bars A and A' and supported in vertical spindles all
as hereinafter explained. E is the double pile fabric composed of the two ground
webs c connected by the pile threads o' as represented in Figure 24. This double
pile fabric is separated by the cutters centrally between the two webs c those
forming the two sheets of velvet plush or other pile fabric as the case may be the
two sheets thus formed by the separation of the two webs c being indicated at E¹
in Figure 24. In the operation of the apparatus the double pile fabric E is placed
at the rear end of the machine and folded in such manner as to be readily unfolded
or unwound, so that it may be passed from the rear to the front of the machine,
the said double pile fabric being first passed over the bar 64 and the secondary
tension bar 6 thence downward and under the secondary tension bar 6" thence
upward and over the secondary tension bar b¹ thence downward and under the
secondary tension bar b and thence upward and over the upper edge of the tension
bar C, being then carried forward through the space a between the straining
bars A and A. In order to accomplish the further introduction of the double pile
fabric E to the apparatus. there should be attached to the forward end of each of
the webs c, any suitable fabric as for example canvas or the like, as shown at Eu
in Figure 24; one of these pieces of fabric E" is carried upward over the angular
edge of the straining bar A thence over the roller B¹, thence under the roller B
thence over the rollers B³ and B' and then downwards so that as it further descends
it may fall in folds upon a table C³; in like manner the other of the additional
pieces E is carried downward and underneath the roller B, thence backward and
over the rollers C¹ and C¹¹, where it is allowed to descend in such manner as to
fall in folds upon a platform C which may be upon the floor at the base of the
machine. The object of these supplomontal fabrics is simply to ensure the
operation of the apparatus upon the double pile fabric at the introductory stage,
before a sufficient length of such double pile fabric has been divided to enable the
divided portions E' to be themselves passed over or around the rollers B and B¹
and their adjunctive rollers as hereinbefore explained. This attachment of the
supplemental fabrics for such purpose is represented in Figure 24. In Figure 4
the corresponding lines may be taken as indicating the divided fabrics when the
same have reached a sufficient length for themselves to pass over the said rollers.
The studs or teeth of card clothing with which the rollers B B¹ are provided
ensures sufficient traction or adhesion to the several rollers to cause the fabrics or
divided material E' to be drawn, the one downward over the angular edge of the
straining bar A, the other upward over the corresponding edge of the other
straining bar A thereby affording a sufficient longitudinal straining to each fibre
of the pile c'as to enable the same to be quickly and effectually cut or severed by
the action of the rotary cutters D, the forward movement of the material E
ensuring a successive presentation of the said fibres of the pile o¹ to the series of
cutters D, as the latter reciprocate in a plane substantially connected with the

page_text: centre of the space a simultaneously with which the dragging action of the tension
bars C, b, b1 61 63 and so on ensures a sufficient tension upon the material E
between the tension bar C and the edges of the straining bars A A³, to hold the
material under such strain and in such position that as it is fed forward the cutters
will act upon the connecting pile c' at the middle thereof, thereby leaving one half
of the pile upon each of the separated fabrics E¹.
The rolls B and B¹ have their bearing suitably provided in the frame of the
machine, and are geared together, as shown in Figure 3, by spur wheels D' D¹¹ of
substantially equal diameter in order that the two rolls B B may have practically
the same surface speeds. The spur wheel D¹ geares into a small pinion D³ on a
secondary shaft D' which also carries a spur wheel D³ which in its turn is actuated
by a worm d on a shaft E, all as represented in Figure 3.
The shaft E carries the fast portion as of a clutch E the jaws of which are
shown at a as projecting from the hub of a loose pulley e placed on the shaft E
and from which extends a belt e' to another pulley e¹¹ on a counter shaft e³ which
by means of spur pinions e* and es communicate motion to a shaft f which carries
a pulley f which in its turn connects by a belt f" with a pulley f³ on the driving
shaft F of the machine. A lever g, the upper end of which is pivoted to an arm g¹
which forms part of the machine frame, passes downward through the side of a
circumferential groove formed in the fast portion a³ of the clutch E³ in such
manner that, notwithstanding the rotation of the said portion, a vibratory motion
given to the lever g will give a longitudinal movement to the said portion a³,
to connect or disconnect the same with the arms a¹ connected with the pulley e, as
herein before explained, it being understood that the portion a³ of the clutch
aforesaid is connected with the shaft E by means of the usual spline and groove, to
permit its longitudinal movement simultaneous with its rotary motion. The
lower end of the lever g is connected by a rod g³ with one end of a horizontal
elbow lever h, shown drawn to an enlarged scale on Figure 18, the elbow lever
baving its pivot or fulcrum h' upon a horizontal arm h¹¹ bolted or otherwise rigidly
attached to the adjacent post h³ of the frame of the machine and projecting
laterally from the said post in a slotted bracket h, through which slides the outer
extremity of the rod g³, the said bracket serving to support the said end of the
rod g. The end of the elbow lever h the most remote from the rod y³ is so pro-
portioned as to pass through a slot 7 in the lower extremity of an arm i, which
extends downwards from a bar G placed horizontally at the front of the machine,
and supported in and working through guides ¹ attached to the front of the
machine at the end thereof, so that, by giving a longitudinal movement in one
direction or the other to the bar G, the elbow lever h, is caused to give a longi-
tudinal movement to the rod g³ for actuating the clutch, E5 to connect or disconnect
the shaft E from the pulley e, according as it is desired to set the rolls B, B' in
motion, or to stop the same. Upon the rod g³ is a horizontal plate g', placed
obliquely to the length of the said rod, thereby providing an inclined plane as from
98 to go in Figure 18; the said inclined plane being lateral to the bar, g³. Working
upon a fixed pivot is a lever h7, the lower end of which is in contact with the
inclined plane of the plate g' herein before described, while the upper end of the
said lever constitutes a brake-shoe, so arranged as to be swung toward and away
from the shaft E When the mechanism is operated, as hereinbefore explained, to
stop the motion of the parts, the same motion of the rod g³ which effects this
operation, also, by means of the plate g', operates the lever h' to bring its upper or
brake portion against the circumference of the shaft E to act as a brake thereon,
and consequently to destroy the acquired momentum of the parts, which, if not
thus neutralized by the action of the brake, would subject the parts to jar and
concussion, and would also tend to continue the movement of the apparatus in such
manner as to injure the material. By the use of the brake therefore acting
simultaneously with the disengaging mechanism, we secure an instantaneous
stoppage of the parts without injury to the fabrics or materials. G¹ is a horizontal
bar, the position of which is shown in Figure 1, and the structure of which is
28

page_text: hereinafter explained. The end portions of the said bar G' rest upon bearings k
suitably provided at the front of the frame of the apparatus and so constructed as
to support the same in position. The said bar G, is capable of a reciprocating
motion imparted to it by a pitman G", one end of which is pivoted to the lower
end of a spur G³ the construction of which is hereinafter more fully explained,
which projects downward from the front of the bar G', while the opposite end
of the said pitman is attached to a crank pinj secured to a shaft G³, which by
means of a bevel pinion * indicated in dotted lines in Figure 1, gears into a
bevel pinion j, on a shaft, k¹ provided with a pulley k', as shown in Figure 2,
which by means of a belt k" is connected with a pulley k³ on the driving shaft F,
the latter being provided with suitablo fast and loose pulleys k' and through
which motion may be communicated to the said driving shaft F, from any suitable
source of power, the said pulleys being provided with a suitable belt shipper A³,
as indicated in Figures 2 and 5. The bar B shown in Figure 5 of the said
shipper is capable of longitudinal movement to shift the belt, and receives the
movement from a vertical lever Co which is pivoted at its upper end as shown in
Figure 1, and at its lower end is pivoted to a horizontal lever D°, the forward end
of which is within reach of the foot of the operator, so as to be easily operated to
shift the belts. Projecting downward from the bar G¹, at the front thereof, are
hangers m, the lower ends of which afford bearings for a shaft n which latter
carries a series of bevel pinions m² which work in vertical planes and each of
which gears into a horizontal bevel pinion, n² of smaller size, these bevel pinions n¹
being attached to the lower end of the spindles I, which carry the cutters D.
These spindles I and their immediate adjuncts are displayed on a larger scalo in
Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9. It will be observed that the rotary cutters are driven
by gearing which affords a positive motion to the cutters, and which as determined
by actual trial, affords great advantages not hitherto obtained in pile cutting
machinery. Previous to inventing this feature of my said invention I tried
driving the cutters with bands; but whenever the cutters became at all dull,
the bands would slip, and the consequent stoppage of one or more of the
cutters would invariably leave a hole in the fabric thereby spoiling the
marketable value of many yards of the material and nullifying in a very
great degree the feasibility of profitably manufacturing pile goods or fabrics
from the class of material herein before designated as composed of two fabrics c,
connected by an intermediate pile c'. It is therefore of very great importance that
the knives should be driven by gearing, as described, inasmuch as by this means
I have obviated the difficulties and mischiefs inherent in the use of rotary cutters
in pile cutting machinery as hitherto operated. Furthermore as hereinafter
presently explained, the bearings are of very great length as compared with the
diameter of the cutters; for example, the bearings of the spindles I are twenty
five per cent greater in length than the extreme diameter of the cutters D attached
thereto. This constructive or relative proportion of the bearings of the spindles I
to the size or diameter of the cutters enables the latter to be run at a speed hitherto
unattained as for example. Fifteen thousand revolutions per minute the diameter of
the cutter for a five inch spindle bearing being four inches thereby giving a cutting
speed of more than Fifteen thousand feet per minute-This high speed never
practically attained before my said invention causes a smoother cutting action of
the cutters upon the pile a more rapid operation of the machinery and a finer
resultant product due to the perfection with which the severing of the pile of the
double pile fabrics is secured-The high speed thus given to the spindles with
their long bearing necessitates special means of securing their perfect lubrication-
This is secured by means presently herein described and illustrated in Figures G
to 9 inclusive. Furthermore, inasmuch as the entire series of cutters must be mado
to cut in one and the same plane in order that there may be no inequalities in the
length of the severed piles left upon each of the fabrics provision is required for
the separate adjustment of each of the cutters with its spindle and for this also
special provision is made as represented in the said Figures 6 to 9 inclusive. The

page_text: features just hereinbefore indicated are important in their practical utility, and
contribute very greatly to the successful realization of practical results in the
branch of manufacture to which my said invention relates.
In order that the spindles may be applied in place the bar G³ shown in cross
section in Figure 6 is formed in its upper side with cylindrical openings or sockets,
one for each spindle. Placed in and extended downward through this socket, is a
sleeve I', having at its upper edge a flange m¹¹, In the lower end of this sleeve is
provided a stuffing box n". Placed upon and axially coincident with the sleeve I'
is a cap I, the interior of which constitutes a tapering chamber as represented in
Figure 6. The lower end of this cap I", is provided with a flange n³, which by
means of bolts, n*, as represented in Figure 8 is attached to the flange m" of the
Bleeve I¹. Other screws n pass through both of the said flanges and connects
them bodily to the bar G¹, That portion of the interior of the sleeve I', adjacent
to the stuffing box, n, is made of conical form as represented at m³ in Figure 6
which constitutes a conical stop for the lower end of the bearing p of the spindles I.
The said bearing of the spindle I correspondes in shape to the conjoined interior of
the sleeve I'¹, and cap 1', that is to say, its upper portion tapers upwardly to
correspond to the shape of chamber of the cap I¹l while its lower portion except
the conical stop thereof is cylindrical to correspond to the cylindrical sides of the
interior of the sleeve I' saving and excepting this that at the middle of the
cylindrical lower portion aforesaid the said bearing is circumferentially recessed as
shown at p so that an annular space is provided between the said portion p' and
the coincident cylindrical sides of the interior of the sleeve I'. At this point thero
is inserted through one side of the sleeve I' and also through the adjacent side of
the bar G' a bent tube through which oil or like lubricating material may be
supplied to the bearing of the spindles, the lubricating material entering the
circumferential space just indicated and thence being diffused throughout the length
of the bearing. It is necessary however that means should be provided to ensure
the rising of the oil to that portion of the bearing above the circumferential space
just mentioned. This in practice is ensured by making a hollow thread-like
groove spirally around that portion of the cylindrical part of the bearing p which
is situated above the recessed part of the bearing pl This groove is indicated by
the heavy black line, ¹ in Figure 6 Inasmuch as the surface of the interior of
the cap I must be continuous with that of the sleeve I', it is necessary that means
should be provided for placing the interior of the cap exactly coincident with that
of the sleeve. For this purpose the inner end of the cap is provided with a circular
flange S, which fits into a corresponding rebate formed around the internal edgo
of the adjacent end of the sleeve 1', as shown in Figure 6. The tapering form
given to the upper part of the bearing of the spindle I, and the coincident
tapering form given to the interior or chamber of the cap I contribute materially
to the stability combined with freedom of rotatory motion which is necessary to the
perfect operation of the spindle I, in its relation with the cutters D and other parts
of the apparatus inasmuch as any looseness arising from wear of the part may be
obviated and compensated for by turning down the flat surface of one or the other
of the flanges m¹¹, or n³, thereby enabling the tapering chamber of the cap I", to
be fastened and fit more snugly upon the corresponding surface of the upper part
of the bearing of the spindle. Suitable packing being provided around that portion
of the spindle which passes through the stuffing box n" the escape of the
lubricant hereinbefore referred to is wholly prevented notwithstanding the high
speed at which the spindle itself is driven. Placed upon the top of the cap I" is
a hood for the purpose of excluding dust etc. The upper end of the spindle I. is
screw threaded as shown at a and screwed thereon are two coincident nuts or
bosses J and J, one of the said nuts or bosses being provided at its inner side
with a central boss s¹ which fits snugly into a central hole or opening of the circular
cutter D to afford a bearing to hold the same against radial displacement. The
two nuts or bosses J and J' being brought to the requisite position are screwed
tightly towards each other thereby gripping the central portion of the cutter D,

page_text: between them and effectually securing the same in position upon the spindle. The
spindle may by this means be vertically adjusted with extreme delicacy as for
example to the thousandth part of an inch by a simple manipulation of the nuts
or bosses J and J' and this combined with exceeding strength firmness, and solidity
in the attachment of the cutters to the spindle. In order to ensure the retention
of the sleeve 1, in place, one side thereof is grooved or recessed as shown in dotted
lines at in Figures 6 and 8; the said groove or recess being are shaped in its
cross section. A pin or bolt is passed through a suitable hole in the front of the
bar G and being provided at its inuer or rearmost portion with a screw thread is
screwed into a corresponding nut threaded hole at the opposite side of the said
bar G', the cylindrical or middle portion of the pin or bolt 7 being fitted in the
correspondingly shaped recess 72, in the side of the sleeve I', and the part being
accurately and snugly fitted the contact of the bolt or pin with the surface of
the groove firmly retains the sleeve I¹ in its place and at the same time
permits its ready disengagement when for any purpose such disengagement is
required
Inasmuch as great steadiness in the movement of the spindle is necessary and
this would be likely to be impaired by any lateral play of the shaft n, which as
hercinheforo described carries the bevel pinions m¹ which give notion to the
spindles I the said shaft is provided with a collar K the sides of which are ant and
parallel and which is attached to the shaft n by means of a radially pointed
screw the point of which enters the conical recess in the adjacent surface of the
shaft, as indicated in dotted outline in Figure 12. This collar K works freely but
snugly between two cheeks K' which like the collar itself, are formed of hardened
steel, and which are secured by suitable bolts or otherwise to the downwardly
projecting bracket G* which as hereinbefore explained is attached to and depends
from the bar G³, which carries the cutters. The bracket G* is formed of two.
lateral halves as represented inore clearly in Figure 13 the said halves being united
by a suitable bolt and nut F. This construction of the bracket G* including its
lowermost portion hereinbefore designated as the spur G³ is adopted in order that
it may be readily applied in relation with the collar K and also in order that the
cheeks K' may themselves be made of separate pieces of hardened steel fitted into
correspondingly shaped sockets formed by coincident semicircular recesses provided
at the coincident inner sides of the two halves of the bracket aforesaid; these
cheeks K¹, being in fact carefully formed steel rings placed in position as just
mentioned and firmly held in place by means of set screws G7, passed through the
adjoining portions of the bracket and with their conical inner ends forced into
correspondingly shaped recesses provided in the circumferential surfaces of the said
cheeks K¹ as will be more readily understood by reference to Figure 13. A
lubricating pipe H7 is arranged as indicated in said Figure 13 and also indicated in
dotted outline in Figure 12 to conduct lubricating material to the circumference of
the collar K whence it spreads laterally to the joints between the said collar and
the cheeks K¹, to diminish the friction between the circumjacent surfaces of the
said parts. The upper part of the bracket G* is recessed at 1' in order to provide
room for the bevel pinions n' of the spindle I of the next adjacent cutter D. The
said bracket is also made bifurcated as shown at the upper part of Figure 13, in
order to provide for its attachment of suitable bolts to the bar G. The shaft n
passes through suitable holes or openings in the cheeks K' so that by this means
without undue friction and without undue complication of parts, any longitudinal
movement of the shaft n with reference to the bar G¹ which if permitted would
interfere with the accurate relations of the gears, m³, with the pinions, n', is
effectually prevented. It is, to be understood that the shaft n with its gears m¹
being supported in bearings depending from the bar G' participates in the
longitudinal movement of the said bar. The rotary motion of the shaft n from
which the rotary motion of the cutters D is derived as herein before explained is
itself obtained by means of a belt 7 which extends from a band wheel 87
on the driving shaft F to a pulley u' on the aforesaid shaft n as shown
"

page_text: in Figure 3. The pulley u has its hub laterally prolonged at each end
to join journals which rest in suitable bearings 8 formed on a horizontal
bracket S, as indicated in Figures 19 and 20 the hub itself being shouldered
at the inner end of each of its journals so as to be incapable of lateral motion in
the direction of its axis. Internally the hub is provided with a longitudinal groove
in which fits a correspondingly shaped spline W' on the shaft n so that the
longitudinal movement of the shaft is permitted simultaneously with its rotation
from the action of the pulley u.
Inasmuch as the cutters D as herein before explained rotate with great rapidity,
reaching a circumferential or cutting velocity of say Fifteen thousand feet and
upwards per minute, it follows that they would rapidly become dull and thereby
not only be rendered measurably incapable of continuing their work of severing the
pile, but also would be rendered incapable of doing uniform work inasmuch as the
pile severed by the cutter when sharp would differ from that severed by the cutter
when dull. In order to obviate this I provide automatic sharpening devices which
act in such relation with the edges of the cutters that they maintain the same of a
uniform sharpness no matter how long the machine may be in operation
Placed at the front of the machine are two parallel shafts K" and K³, one above,
the other below, the front edges of the rotary cutters D that is to say those edges
of the said cutters which project toward the front of the machine. These shafts K¹¹
and K³ are geared together by two spur pinions t arranged at one end of the said
shafts the shafts themselves being supported in suitable journals t¹ to be provided
on short standards u which extend upward from and are rigidly attached to the
ends of the bar G¹ so that the shafts K" and K³ being carried by the bar G'
participate in the reciprocating movement of the latter. One end of the shaft K³
projects beyond the journal and has formed in it a longitudinal spline u¹ in
order that it may play through a spur pinion ul which is situated within a yoke us
which extends vertically upward from the end of a horizontal arm w rigidly
attached to the adjacent portion of the frame of the machine. The pinion u is
connected by a train of spur pinions u* and u³ with the spur wheel D' hereinbefore
referred to. As a consequence, the spur wheel' D' as it rotates with the movement
of the roll B, transmits an increased velocity to the shaft K³ and consequently also
to the shaft K" these shafts having their rotary movements the one above the
other below, the edges herein before specified of the cutters D; in other words the
circumferential portions of the cutters revolving between these shafts in order that
the series of sharpening devices L placed one series on the upper shaft K" and the
other on the lower shaft K³ may operate at intervals respectively upon the upper
and under sides of the circumferential portions or edges of the cutters D such
sharpening device being brought against the adjacent edge of the adjacent cutter
during a portion of each revolution of the shaft K" or K³ as the case may
be upon which it is placed inasmuch as the sharpening action of the devices L
must be uniform and reliable in character and applied in such manner as to receive
a fine edge without abrupt effect thereon, certain conditions in the construction of
such sharpening devices must be fulfilled. To thus fulfil those conditions is the
object of the construction shewn on a larger scale on Figures 10 and 11, the
shaft K³, being selected for these figures and the direction of the rotation thereof
being indicated by the arrow in Figure 10.
To provide for the attachment of each sharpening device to its proper shaft the
latter are notched in one side to form recesses having flat parallel surfaces as
indicated at a* in Figure 11. Placed in this recess is an oblong block 6* which in
width corresponds to the width of the recess a* in which it is placed. This block
is itself recessed in its outer side as shown at c* and is provided at its opposite side
with a nut d* Extended through the shaft, in this case indicated by Ks, in a
position at right angles to the plane of the bottom of the recess a*, is a screw
bolt f*, the threaded inner end of which extends through the nut d* of the
block b At the outer end of the screw bolt f* is a flange g* which fits into a
recess of corresponding shape-formed in the adjacent outer side of the shaft,

page_text: Placed along the latter and attached thereto by screws h+ as shown in Figure 11,
is a strip of metal provided with openings through which the squared outer
end of the bolt f* may project but which are of such size as to bear against
the outer surfaces of the flanges g+ so that by this means longitudinal move-
ment of the bolt f* axial to the shaft is prevented from which it follows
that by applying a wrench or other suitable implement to the squared
outer end of the bolt f* the latter may be turned in one direction or the
other and by such turning will move the block b* inward or outward as the
case may be, K+ is a spring bent to substantially rectangular form one end being
attached to the inner side of one end of the block b* as shown at l* while the
opposite end, brought within or underneath the opposite end of the block b*, is
free, the spring, as thus constituted and applied being very delicate or sensitive
in its elasticity. Inasmuch as the contact of the rapidly rotating cutters with the
sharpening surface of the blocks m* of the sharpening devices would tend to
throw the same laterally in the direction of the movement of the cutters, it is
desirable to stay or brace the said blocks m* against such lateral thrust. This is
done by means of a flat plate f³ the lower end of which is affixed to the block b*
while its upper end projects past and in contact with the adjacent side of the
lateral surface of the block m* the arrangement being such that the said brace ƒ³
holds the said block m* against the lateral thrust exerted as just set forth, by the
contact of the rapidly moving cutter with the sharpening surface of the block m*.
To the flat outer side of the spring K* is attached a segment shaped piece of light
wood m* the arc shaped surface of said piece m* being outermost and having
cemented thereto a layer n* of leather, the outer surface of which is provided with
any suitable fine abrading or sharpening material applied in the form of paste or
otherwise; such for example, as fine rouge or other equivalent material or substance.
The sharpening devices are arranged with suitable spaces between them, upon each
of the shafts K" and K³ there being one of said devices above and one below each
of the rotary cutters. By turning the screw bolt f* to move inward or outward
the block bas occasion may require the arc shaped sharpening outer surfaces of
the block m* are brought into proper relation with the upper and lower edge
portions respectively of the cutter, so that as each shaft revolves it brings the arc
shaped sharpening surfaces aforesaid against the adjacent edge portion of the cutter,
and inasmuch as the circumferential speed of the cutter is manifold greater than
the speed at which the sharpening devices move, it follows that the sharpening
surface of the latter is kept in contact with the adjacent circumferential edge of the
cutter during a considerable number of revolutions of the latter before the continued
revolution of the shaft on which the said device is placed brings said device away
from the cutter the sharpening devices on the one shaft acting upon the cutters
alternately with those on the other shaft and by these means an automatic
sharpening effect is produced at frequent intervals upon the cutters, and thereby
maintain the latter at a uniform degree of sharpness, the edge thereby produced
upon each cutter being substantially identical with that produced upon all the
others and the same at one time as another, the said edge moreover being kept at
such a degree of fineness as to produce the most efficient and rapid work upon the
material.
Inasmuch as the continued sharpening of the rotary cutters D gradually
diminishes their diameter, it is necessary that provision should be made for re-
adjusting their relations with the straining bars A and A¹ in other words for
regulating their position with reference to the pile to be severed, as the same is
presented by the feeding of the material between the said straining bars and the
separation and movement in opposite directions of the fabrics c, c, of said material.
Furthermore inasmuch as the thickness so to speak of the material will vary
according as the pile connecting the two fabrics c, c thereof varies in length, in
other words according to the length of the pile desired to be left upon each of the
said fabrics c, c, it follows that the space between the straining bars Å and A'should
be varied according to circumstances. I provide for these contingences as follows.

page_text: Projecting upward through the upper part of the straining bar A at the extremities
thereof are set screws A*, which pass through fixed nuts formed in said extremities
of the said straining bar with their upper ends bearing against the adjacent under-
side of the upper straining bar A¹ By turning the screws A* upward to a greater
or less degree the upwardly projecting portions thereof form stops to limit the
approach of the two bars toward each other When desired, the set screws A* may
be passed downwardly through the lower portion of the upper straining bar A¹
with their lower extremities resting upon the upper side of the lower straining
bar A. Each end of each of the straining bars A and A' has formed upon it a
vertical tongue B* as indicated in Figure 23; these tongues at the opposite ends of
the said straining bars being placed in vertical guides C* as represented in Figure 21
so that a vertical movement may be given to the said bars. The guides C* are
formed upon the inner sides of vertical brackets D* each of which has at or near
its middle a rearwardly projecting plate or extension E* having on one of its
sides a dove-tail groove * as shown in Figure 22 by which it is connected to a
fixed horizontal guide F* of dove-tail shape in ita cross section, and of such
size and contour as to fit snugly into the dove-tail groove of the
extension E* aforesaid so that each of the brackets D with its extension
E is capable of horizontal adjustment backward and forward upon the fixed
guide F Upon the extension E of the bracket D* is provided a laterally
projecting nut S through which works the threaded end of a horizontal screw G*.
Adjacent to the rearmost end of the screw G*, is a collar t* which bears against
the front side of a fixed sleeve or bearing t**. Upon the extremity of the said
screw G at the opposite side of the bearing t** is placed a collar u* more fully
represented in Figures 25 and 26 the flat inner end of which bears against the
opposite side of the fixed sleeve or bearing t** in order to prevent longitudinal
movement of the screw G*. In order to permit the rotation of the latter within
the said collar u* the said screw G* has formed in it a circumferential groove u**
preferably of cylindrical cross section. Extending through the collar ux in a
direction substantially tangential to the circumference of the shaft G is a pin w**
placed in such position that its sides project into the groove u**, and thereby
prevents the longitudinal movement of the collar u* of the screw G* at the same
time permitting the rotation of the latter. The rearmost extremity of the collar u*
is preferably recessed to afford space for the squared rearinost end X* of the
screw G*, the said squared rearmost end of said screw permitting the application
thereto of a suitable wrench for turning the screw. By thus operating the two
screws G the brackets D" may be moved forward or backward as occasion
requires to bring the space between the straining bars A and A¹ into the exact
position with reference to the series of rotary cutters D required to compensate
for any change as hereinbefore mentioned on the diameter of the said cutters.
Each of the brackets, D* is provided at top and bottom with an inwardly projecting
shoulder w*, each of said shoulders having formed in it a vertical nut. Through
the said nut in the upper shoulder w*, is passed downward the threaded end of a
screw shaft, H while passed upward through the corresponding nut in the lower-
most of the shoulders w* is the corresponding end of a similar screw shaft I*.
The said screw shafts are furnished at their outer ends with suitable hand wheels
or other means by which they may be turned. The screws A* being adjusted to
regulate the limit of space between the straining bars A and A¹, as herein before
explained, the screw shafts H* and I* are screwed inward to bear snugly against
the outer surfaces of the said straining bars, and acting in conjunction with the
screws A, firmly bind and retain the said straining bars in place.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim-
First The combination of the straining bars A, A', the rolls B, B¹, the tension
bar C arranged with its upper edge substantially in line with the space a between
AL
Lanaian
71 111 13 14 arranged hahind

page_text: the bar C, a series or system of circular cutters arranged to rotate coincident with
the space a, and two series of rollers arranged to cooperate with the rolls B, B¹, in
drawing the double pile fabric to the cutters, all substantially as, and for the
purpose, herein set forth.
Second-The combination with the straining bars A, A, and means substantially
as described, for drawing the double pile fabric E to and between the same, of
the reciprocating bar G₁ carrying a series or system of circular cutters D arranged
opposite to or coincident with the space between the said bars, and gear wheels or
pinions attached to the spindles of the said cutters, for the purpose of transmitting
a positive rotatory motion to the same from suitable driving gear; all substantially
as, and for the purpose herein set forth.
Third-The combination of a spindle I carrying a circular cutter D, a shell or
socket for receiving and supporting the bearing portion of the said spindle, a
stuffing box at the bottom of the said shell or socket, a gear wheel or pinion
attached to the lower end of the said spindle projected through the stuffing box
aforesaid, means for driving the said pinion and a bar G' for carrying the cutter
in due relation to the double pile fabric to be severed; all substantially as, and for
the purpose, herein set forth.
Fourth-The combination of a cutter and its carrying spindle I cylindrical as
to its lower portion, tapered as to its upper portion, and circumferentially recessed
at or near the middle of such cylindrical part, a shell or socket cylindrical as to
the lower and tapering as to the upper part of its interior, an oil inlet pipe or
passage, coincident with the circumferential recess aforesaid, and a bar G₁, for
carrying the cutter on the spindle in due relation with the double pile fabric to be
severed; all substantially as and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Fifth-The combination with the straining bars A, A², the means, substantially
as described, for drawing the double pile fabric E to and between the same, and
the reciprocating bar G¹ carrying a series or system of circular cutters having gear
wheels on their spindles of means for reciprocating the said bar, a secondary.
shaft n also carried by the bar G¹ and provided with a series or system of gear or
toothed wheels for transmitting a positive or non-slipping rotatory motion to the
spindles of the cutters, and means for rotating the said shaft, substantially as, and
for the purpose, herein set forth.
Sixth The combination of a circular cutter D, a spindle tapered at its upper
part, a shell or socket composed of an internally cylindrical flanged sleeve I' and a
cap I having a tapering interior or chamber, and a reciprocating bar G', arranged
to carry the cutter in due relation with the double pile fabric to be severed; all
substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Seventh The combination of a cutter and its carrying spindle tapered as to
its upper portion, cylindrical as to its lower portion, circumferentially recessed at
or near the middle of its said cylindrical portion, and having the thin or thread-
like spiral groove above the circumferential recess, with a shell or socket
internally cylindrical below and tapered above, and a bar G¹, for carrying the
cutter on the spindle in due relation to the double pile fabric to be severed, all
substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Eighth The combination of a cutter carrying spindle I, a shell or socket for
holding the bearing thereof, a bar G₁ for supporting and carrying the said shell or
socket, and a bolt or pin extended transversely through the bar G¹ with its
sides fitted into a groove or notch formed in one side of the shell or socket, whereby
provision is made for retaining the socket securely upon the bar G₁ as the latter
carries the cutter in due relation to the double pile fabric to be severed, all
substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Ninth The combination of a cutter carrying spindle having at the extremity a
screw 8, a nut J having at its centre a hub s¹ a nut J' and a circular cutter D
having at its centre an opening of size and shape coincident with the hub s¹, the
said parts being arranged in relation to each other, substantially as herein
described, to attach the cutter D and permit the adjustment of the same
"

page_text: longitudinally with the said spindle, all substantially as, and for the purpose
herein set forth.
Tenth The combination of the spindle I cylindrical as to its lower and
tapering as to its upper portion, provided at or near the centre of its cylindrical
part with a circumferential recess, and having at its extremity a screw thread 8,
with a circular cutter D, nuts J, and J¹ a shell or socket composed of the sleeve I¹
and cap I", a stuffing box n" at the bottom of the sleeve 1, a toothed gear wheel
or pinion n' at the lower projecting end of the spindle, an oil feeding passage or
pipe r arranged coincident with the circumferential recess of the spindle, a bar. G'
for carrying the cylindrical cutter in due relation to the double pile fabric to be
severed, and a bolt or pin passed transversely through the bar G' with its side
fitted into a notch or recess formed in the adjacent surface of the sleeve I' all
substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Eleventh-The combination of a cutter and its carrying spindle, the bearing p
baving a length which, as compared with the diameter of the cutter, is substantially
in the ratio of five to four, substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Twelfth-The combination with the bar G¹ the means for reciprocating the said
bar, the cutters and the spindle provided with the pinions n' of the secondary
shaft n supported in bearings connected to the said bar G' and provided with gear
wheels m¹ through which a rotary. motion is communicated to the spindles, of the
cutters, means for rotating the said shaft, a collar K fast upon the shaft n the
cheeks K' and the bracket G* depending from the bar G³, substantially as, and for
the purpose, set forth.
Thirteenth-The combination, substantially as described, of a series or system
of sharpening devices, a series or system of circular cutters, a reciprocating bar
arranged to carry the said cutters in due relation with the double pile fabric to be
severed and means for operating the said cutters, all substantially as, and for the
purpose, herein set forth.
Fourteenth-The combination with the reciprocating bar G¹ and the circular
cutters carried on the said bar in duo relation to the double pile fabric to be
severed, of a shaft supported in suitable bearings upon the bar G¹, sharpening
devices provided on the said shaft which by the rotation of the said shaft are
brought at intervals upon the circumferential or edge portions of the rotary cutters,
and means for actuating the said shaft, the cutters, and the bar G, all substantially
as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Fifteenth The combination with the reciprocating bar G³ and the circular
cutters carried by said bar in due relation to the double pile fabric to be severed
of two shafts K and K supported in bearings upon the said bar G¹ geared
together to simultaneously rotate in opposite directions, and each provided with
sharpening devices, which by the rotation of the two shafts are brought at
intervals upon the upper and lower edge portions or edges of the rotary cutters,
and means for actuating the cutters, the bar G', and the shafts K" and K³, all
substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Sixteenth-The combination with the bar G₁ of means for reciprocating the
said bar, the cutters carried thereby and means for rotating the same, the
standards and the two parallel shafts K" and K³, the latter having its end
projected and formed with a longitudinal spline u', gear-wheels connecting the
said shafts, the pinion u" the yoke u³, the wheel D' and means for operating the
said wheel, the gearing substantially as described for connecting the pinions u
with the wheel D', and sharpening devices attached to the shafts K" and K³ and
adapted to be applied at intervals to the upper and lower circumferential portions
or edges of the rotary cutters by the rotation of the said shafts, substantially as,
and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Seventeenth-The combination with circular cutters and means for rotating the
same, of arc shaped sharpening blocks m springs for supporting the said blocks,
shafts carrying the same, and means for rotating the said shafts, all substantially
as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.

page_text: Eighteenth-The combination with circular cutters arranged to act in due
relation to the double pile fabric to be severed, of sharpening devices composed of
an adjustable block 6* an adjusting screw bolt f* a spring K* and an arc shaped
sharpening block m", a shaft carrying the said parts and arranged in relation to
the cutters so as to bring the sharpening block in contact with the cutter during a
portion of the revolution of the said shaft, and means for actuating the said shaft,
and the cutters, all substantially as, and for the purpose herein set forth.
Nineteenth-In a cutter sharpening device, for a pile cutting machine, the
combination of the brace fs with the block b* the spring K* the block m*, the
shaft K³, means for connecting the block b* to the said shaft and means for
actuating the said shaft, all substantially as, and for the purpose herein set forth.
Twentieth-The combination with circular cutters arranged to act in due
relation with the double pile fabric to be severed, of a shaft arranged parallel with
the said cutters and radially bored to receive bolts f*, the said bolts f* being
constructed with flanges g* and square ends j*, the block 6* adjustable by means of
the bolt f*, are shaped sharpening block m* connected with the block 6*, the
spring K*, a bar h* attached to the shaft to retain the bolts f* by bearing against
the flanges of the said bolts, and means for actuating the cutters and shaft, all
substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Twenty first:-The combination of the straining bars across which the fabrics or
parts, c, c, of the double pile fabric to be severed may be strained in opposite
directions, rolls arranged to draw under-tension the said fabrics across the said
straining bars, a reciprocating series or system of circular cutters a series or system
of sockets for receiving the bearings of the spindles of the cutters and provided
with stuffing boxes at their lower ends, a reciprocating bar constructed to carry the
said sockets and cutters and means substantially as described, for actuating the
said parts in unison, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Twenty second:-The combination of the straining bars across which the fabrics
or parts c, c, of the double pile fabric to be severed may be drawn in opposite
directions, rolls for drawing the said fabrics or parts c c in opposite directions
across said bars, tension bars for resisting the traction of the aforesaid rolls to duly
strain the double pile fabrics as it is drawn over the straining bars, a series or
system of circular cutters carried by spindles of length greater than the diameter of
the cutters, and means substantially, as described, for actuating the said parts in
unison, substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Twenty third-The combination of the straining bars, across which the fabrics
or parts c, c, of the double pile fabric to be severed may be strained in opposite
directions to present the pile C¹ under tension to the action of the cutters, a series
or system of circular cutters provided with gear wheels for driving the same with
a positive or non-slipping motion, sharpening devices for maintaining uniformly
keen edges upon the said cutters, a bar arranged to carry the said cutters and
gear wheels, and means substantially as described, for actuating the said parts in
unison, substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Twenty fourth-The combination of the straining bars across which the fabrics
or parts c, c, of the double pile fabric to be severed may be drawn in opposite
directions, means for varying or adjusting the space between the said straining
bars, a series or system of circular cutters arranged opposite and parallel with the
centre of the said space, means for straining the fabrics or parts cc in opposite
directions across the straining bars, and means for simultaneously rotating the
O cutters each upon its own axis and reciprocating said cutters as a series or system,
all substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Twenty fifth-The combination of the straining bars, A, A¹, with vertical
guides for controlling the vertical movement thereof, means, for directing the
vertical movement thereof and means for adjusting and retaining the said straining
5 bars at varied distances from each other as required by the exigencies of work, all
substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Twenty sixth-The combination of a series or system of circular cutters of

page_text: straining bars A A¹ provided at their ends with vertical tongues B* brackets
having vertical guides C* for receiving the said tongues, and means for adjusting
the distance between the said straining bars, all substantially as, and for the
purpose, herein set forth.
Twenty seventh :-The combination of the straining bars A, A¹, the screws A*
for limiting the distance between the said straining bars, brackets having nuts w*
and screw shafts H* and I* acting against the screws A* to rigidly hold the said
straining bars in position with reference to each other, substantially as, and for the
purpose, herein set forth.
Twenty eighth-The combination of the brackets D* carrying straining
bars A, A', a series or system of circular cutters placed coincident with the space
between the said straining bars and screws G* for adjusting the said brackets and
consequently the straining bars with reference to the said cutting device or
mechanism, substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Twenty ninth-The combination of the brackets D* having extensions E* and
nuts S* and carrying the straining bars A, A, the screws G* and means, for
preventing the longitudinal movement of the said screws, all substantially as, and
for the purpose, herein set forth.
Thirtieth-The combination of the straining bars A A¹ constructed with the
vertical tongues B* the brackets D* constructed with the vertical guides C* the
shoulders wand the nuts S* the screw shafts H* and I* the guides for controlling
the backward or forward movement of the bracket, the screws G* for affording
such backward and forward movement, and means for adjusting the space
between the straining bars A, A, all substantially as, and for the purpose, herein
set forth.
Thirty first:-The combination of the fixed dove-tail horizontal guides F* the
brackets D* constructed with extensions E* having longitudinal grooves
corresponding to the guides F* the screws G* for moving the extensions E* and
consequently the brackets D* and the horizontal dove tail guides F*, and the
straining bars A A¹, carried by the said brackets, all substantially as, and for the
purpose, herein set forth.
Thirty second :—The combination with the brackets D* having extensions E*
and the guides F*, of the straining bars A, A', carried by the said brackets, the
screws G* arranged to give motion to the said brackets, the collar u* constructed
with circumferential grooves u** and squared ends *, the sleeve or bearing *** and
the tangential pin w** passed through the said collar and having its side inserted
in the circumferential groove of the shaft, substantially as, and for the purpose,
herein set forth.
Thirty third-The combination with the rolls B, B¹, the straining bars, the
series or system of cutters arranged coincident with the space between the said
straining bars and the series of rollers B" B³ B and C, of the pulleys a' and 67
the belt c' and means for actuating the rolls B, B', and the cutters all substantially
as, and for the purpose herein set forth.
Thirty fourth-The combination of the rolls B, B', means for actuating the said
rolls, straining bars A, A', cutting mechanism arranged coincident with the space
between the said straining bars, means for disconnecting the rolls B B¹ from the
driving or motive power, and means for applying a brake to neutralize the acquired
momentum of the parts simultaneously with the disengagement of the latter from
the driving mechanism or motive power; substantially as, and for the purpose,
herein set forth.
Thirty fifth. The straining bars A A¹, cutting mechanism arranged to operate
coincident with the space between said bars, rolls, B, B', means for driving the
said rolls, the shaft E, means for driving the said shaft, the lever h' the rod g³
having the laterally inclined plane, means for operating the said rod and means
operated by the said rod for disconnecting the driving mechanism of the shaft E+
from the said shaft, all substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Thirty sixth. The combination with the bar G³, means for reciprocating the

page_text: said bar, a shaft n, a series of cutters, said shaft and cutters being carried by the
said bar, gearing for transmitting motion to the said cutters from the said shaft, and
means for operating the said shaft, of a bracket_G* made in two connected parts
and provided with cheeks, K¹, and the collar K, on the aforesaid shaft n, all
substantially as, and for the purpose, herein set forth.
Thirty seventh :-The combination with a bar G' means for reciprocating the
same, a series of cutters carried thereby, a shaft n mounted in bearings thereon and
having a spline formed thereon and gearing for imparting a rotary motion from
the said shaft n to the cutters, of a pulley u provided with an internal groove for
the reception of the spline on the said shaft, fixed bearings for the said pulley and
means for operating the same, all substantially as, and for the purpose, herein
set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Seventeenth day of April in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.