Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres and Arrangements connected therewith.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 26th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres and Arrangements connected
therewith.
I, JOHN ADAIR, Baker, Waterford, County Waterford, Ireland, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In tyres which are held to rims by the extremities of the wire coil in such tyres
passing through the rim-I construct as follows: At each extremity of the coil an
eye is formed, by bending the wire & continuing the over-length in a backward
direction on line with coil for say a distance of about inch.
A light tube is slipped up on this double of the wires, say about an inch in
length for the purpose of encasing the wires tightly together. The inch not
encased is bent at a right angle to the line of the coil. This right angle bend escaping
from the inside of the cover, to the outside, is encased there with a brass cap screwed
upon it, formed so as to take a seat in the side of the rim, thro' which it passes.
For the purpose of holding these brass caps in their seats in rim, I pass a light
flat-headed bolt thro' the eyes in the extremities of the wire coil, thence thro' the
Bide of cover into an aperture in rim, screwing a dome shaped nut on it which
tightening the eyes to rim the brass caps are also tightened which hold the extremities
of the wires of the coil.
A plate may be inserted under this dome shaped nut, the ends of which, pressing
against the brass caps--tightens them in their position-such plate having a slight
bend in it to give it the required spreading.
I do not confine myself exactly to the measurements, also I may vary the arrange-
ments to operate the principle described.
To form such tyre into a single tube tyre a band of rubber is placed between the
edges of the tyre--the edges of which rubber band are solutioned to the edges or
sides of the tyre-thereby making a single tube tyre--of course having the inside part
of tyre, which is not rubber-solutioned-or made air-tight by a coating of rubber,
after the manner of the Fleuss tyre. Such tyre may be held in the rim by an
endless wire instead of the described-such endless wire being in the edges of the
tyre to which the rubber is solutioned-or to flaps attached to the tyre-or if
preferred a thickened edge may be placed on such single tube tyre, such edge
catching in the edges of a rim specially formed for such purpose.
To repair such tyre-the tyre being removed from the rim-the rubber band is
pierced an expander is entered into such aperture, which may be an instrument
pointed & quickly enlarging, widens the rubber as it enters, & receives it on a
contracted steel coil band, held in its position of contraction by a casing ring, which
being removed, coil band expands, further widening the rubber, & freeing the
instrument upon which it was seated, which being drawn out, ample room is given
for repairs, by the aperture in rubber-which is kept open by the coil
band.
Repairs being completed & coil band removed the rubber contracts & the aperture
is now so reduced, that a small patch perfectly closes it..

page_text: In punctures where it may be convenient to repair such tyre from the outside, a
sufficient aperture being made to permit a thin rubber bag to be forced thro' the tyre
to the inside of same-the bottom part of such bag being solutioned & encased,
say in a slight tube, which may also encase the part not solutioned this tube being
withdrawn-such tube being in parts held together by a ring or rings which slide
downwards as the tube enters the tyre-bag is now inflated, & pressed, in such a
manner as to spread it evenly over the aperture. Air is now permitted to gradually
escape, & the bag flatening is secured by the solution to the tyre.
The outside part of the bag is then spread over the tyre & solutioned. By this
method the canvas of the tyre is completely encased from damp.
In tyres which are attached to the rims by hooks-I construct such hooks-by
having then formed into the shape of a hook & grasp combined-a slit being in
such grasp for the thin part of canvas of cover to enter by-such cover having a
beaded edge formed into any suitable shape-a gap cut in such beaded edge to allow
the grasp to slip in, thro' upon the canvas-& then such grasp slided along the
thickened edge of cover into its required position on same-the grasp fitting tightly
on the beaded edge is prevented shifting.
The grasps may have a spring in them, in which case there may be a smaller gap
cut in the bead.
As a further improvement in tyres-to increase their inflation grip on rim, I place
in the edges of such tyres a spring wire which takes a serpentine form, & is continuous
around the whole edge of tyre & endless-this spring wire keeps the edges of the
tyre spread to receive the inflation pressure on the spread canvas of tyre-thus
securing it to rim-such tyre may have its canvas spread on the base of rim, or may
have it spread on the side of rim-the spring wire being shaped accordingly.
Should the spring wire be spread only on the flat part of rim, the wire may be
arched, so that when the inflation pressure comes upon it, it further widens; one
side being held to the side of rim, & the other side pressed into a recess in rim, is
thereby more forcibly secured.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres and Arrangements connected
therewith.
JOHN ADAIR, Baker, Waterford, County Waterford, Ireland, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In tyre punctures where it may be desirable to repair such puncture from the
outside of tyre--an elastic rubber bag is used-such bag being forced into the inside
of tyre by means of a slight rod, the head of which is rounded to prevent the piercing
of the bag. The bag is stretched upon this rod & tied-so as to remain stretched-
the lower part of bag is then solutioned & the puncture hole in tyre enlarged by
burning it with a hot wire or tool-bag is then inserted, the tying removed & the
rod withdrawn. Bag is now inflated by means of a stem attached to same &
projecting outside the cover, such stem being part of the bag.
The tyre is now pressed by the hand in such a manner as to spread the bag on the
inside of tyre a pin hole or other escapement being made in the stem of the bag it
becomes gradually deflated & spread on the tyre-the sticky material at the bottom
part of bag, securing it to the tyre. Tyre is now held in this position for a sufficient
period to secure the sticking, & is then inflated.

page_text: Should there be any leakage of air-pull the bag outwards by means of the stem &
put more solution on the bottom part which escapes from the cover, & re-enter same
either by the elasticity of the bag, or by the rod.
If required the bag may be inflated unless too much stuck to tyre, and drawn
outwards as it becomes deflated. A small piece of canvas may be inserted in the
inside of the bag at the part where the rod presses.
Solution may if desirable be forced into the inside of bag, which will connect the
sides of bag. Also the stem may be cut & solutioned & spread on the outside of
puncture such stem being formed in a spread shape.
In tyres which are attached to the rims by hooks-I construct such hooks by
having them formed into the shape of a hook & grasp combined-a slit being in such
grasp for the thin part of canvas of cover to enter by such cover having a beaded
edge formed into any suitable shape-a gap cut in such beaded edge to allow the
grasp to slip in through upon the canvas-& then such grasp slided along the
thickened edge of cover into its required position on same—the grasp fitting tightly
on the beaded edge is prevented shifting.
The grasps may have a spring in them in which case there may be a smaller gap
cut in the bead.
To illustrate Sheet No. 1, Fig. 1, represents cover with a beaded edge-"C" is
gap in such edge for the grasp to enter by-"D" is grasp which has been entered at
gap, & is now slid to its position on tyre-such grasps may be say 2 inches or less
apart from each other.
Fig. 2 represents the grasp, which is made out of one piece of steel-the claws
E grasping the bead of cover, holds it on such bead, & the tooth ƒ projecting, catches
on the rim, & thus secures the tyre to same.
Fig. 2. In this illustration the bead must be on the inside of the cover-also,
it will he noted that the grasps instead of hooking into the rim, hook into each
other thus secure the tyre into its position on rim.
To prevent rolling or slipping, the hook may take a deep seat in the rim &
be formed to the shape of the rim.
Fig. 3 shews a tyre held on rim by the grasp, the darkened lines being the
grasp. In this figure the bead is on the outside of tyre. The advantage of such
outside bead being that though it does not hook in rim it presses against the
edges of the rim, & thus the tyre edges are restrained from escaping out of
their required position.
By this arrangement the grasps may be further apart.
The grasps may take various forms for instance the tooth may start lower or
higher on the grasp also such tooth can be formed into a hook, or any desirable
shape.
As a further improvement in tyres, to increase their inflation grip on rim, I place
in the edges of such tyres, a spring wire, which takes a serpentine form, & is
continuous around the whole edge of tyre & endless. This spring wire keeps the edges
of the tyre spread to receive the inflation pressure on the spread canvas of tyre-
thus securing it to rim. Such tyre may have its canvas spread on the base of rim,
or may have it spread on the side of rim-the spring wire being shaped accordingly.
To illustrate Fig. 4 represents a tyre seated in rin with the edges folded over
each other in order to receive the inflation pressure of air-tube-the top fold "G" is
butted into the bottom fold "H" at the part inarked "K" this butting keeping the
edges of tyre in their true position to each other-& thus being correctly folded
over each other, receive the inflation pressure, which closing the folds G & H on
each other, & also pressing on the bottom of rim & butting them tightly at "K"-
the tyre is thus secured to rim.
Fig. 5 represents the spring wires bent in a serpentine form, which keep the folds
of the tyre edge G & H spread. G¹ being the wire of the upper fold, & H¹ being
the wire of the under fold. The canvas of tyre edge which encases these wires is
stitched tightly through the double canvas between the bends of the wire H¹
marked "S to S" & is folded around the wire TT of same, thus forming a gripping

page_text: socket between TT into which the other side of tyre butts, as indicated by the
wire G¹ at the part marked K-such part of wire being placed in the canvas so as to
slightly project.
A thickness of rubber is placed at the edge of tyre for the purpose of covering &
closing the edge of tyre to rim.
It is obvious that the gripping socket I between T T could be formed by a fold
of the canvas only-such fold overlapping the wire H¹ & being stitched at intervals
into the canvas underneath so as to form sockets. Fig. 7 illustrates in an enlarged
view the manner in which the serpentine wire coil in the edge of cover as illustrated
in Fig. 4 grips into the other edge H of cover, thus: K is the projection on the coil
extending outside the edge G of cover the canvas being so stitched or drawn tight.
on the wire as to allow such projection.
This projection butting into the gripping sockets T T of the cover edge H,
thereby holds the edges in a position to receive the inflation pressure.
W is cover-
or tyre. It is obvious that the inflation pressure on the spread edge of cover or
tyre G holds the projection K into its position in socket.
Like letters represent like figures.
I am well aware that serpentine coils have been previously used to act as hooking
arrangements into the rim, or into each other & that such serpentine coils are
practically a series of hooks connected together. The coil which I illustrate has
neither hooks nor claws in it, & is constructed by the coil keeping to its serpentine
form. I therefore term the grip of this coil a "sliding grip" & will name it as such
in the claims. I am further aware that various methods of hooking the edges of a
tyre together, have been devised, so that hooking is by no means a new invention.
Bead on the edge of cover to secure the grasp in its position, may be of any shape
or material convenient-for instance, the canvas may be folded into the shape indi-
cated in Fig. 6, & the grasp, clasping by its spring power on such folded canvas is
securely held in its position-such folds of canvas being stitched into the fold, that
is, by stitching at the part marked B into the tyre-excepting of course the parts
where the grasps are seated-or this fold may have a cut or gap in it by which means
the grasps enter on the fold & slide to their position such fold being afterwards
stitched as described.
To prevent any leakage of damp into the tyre by the " gap "-a piece is inserted
which fills up same, & the rubber of tyre covering it, or some other suitable means
makes the joint perfect.
Like letters represent like figures.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare-that what I
claim is :-
1st. The rubber bag as a means for repairing punctures.
2nd. The bead-enlargement-or fold on the edge part of a pneumatic tyre & the
entrance gap in same, as a means of attachment, for grasps to such tyres.
3rd. Grasps constructed after the manner described & for the purposes specified-
in combination with a bead-enlargement-or fold, on the edge part of a pneumatic
tyre.
4th. Spreading the edges of a pneumatic tyre to receive inflation pressure, by a
spring wire serpentine coil-& the "sliding grip" given by such coil by its serpentine
formation after the manner described & for the purposes specified.
5th. My improvements in pneumatic tyres & their connections, substantially as
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