IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING METAL
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles de Bergue, of No. 9, Dowgate Hill, in the
City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SHAPING METAL."
Sealed the 19th July 1861, and dated the 28th January 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles de Bergue at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th January 1861.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of No. 9, Dowgate Hill, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING METAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in squeezing, forcing, or pressing up metal in or
against dies carried in or by a revolving disc, cylinder, frame, or apparatus,
presenting such dies to the action of a header or counter die or tool, the
pressure being exerted by the header or counter die or tool, and the metal
being squeezed into shape during the travel or rotation of the disc or apparatus,
the motion of which is continuous and not intermittent as in existing machines.
Also in causing the header or counter die or tool to move or travel at the
same speed along with the dies carried by the disc or apparatus during the
time that the pressure is exerted. Also in combining with machinery con-
structed as above mentioned either one or both of the following appliances, one
being a safety ram or plug, intended to crush or give way when the desired

page_text: limit of pressure is exceeded, and the other being an apparatus by which the
tools may be readily relieved from action (or practically thrown out of gear)
without stopping the general action or motion of the machinery, both of which
appliances have been exemplified, but in a different combination in the
Complete Specification of Letters Patent for an Invention of rivetting
machinery granted to me, bearing date 12th January 1860, No. 82.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles de Bergue in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DE BERGUE, of No. 9, Dowgate Hill, in the City of London, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles de Bergue, Her special licence that I, the said Charles de Bergue,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
de Bergue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SHAPING METAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles de Bergue, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the Tetters Putent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Cha de Bergue, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in squeezing, forcing, or pressing up metal in or
against dies carried in or by a revolving disc, cylinder, frame, or apparatus,

page_text: presenting such dies to the action of a header or counter die or tool, the
pressure being exerted by the header or counter die or tool, and the metal
being squeezed into shape during the travel or rotation of the disc or apparatus,
the motion of which is continuous and not intermittent as in existing machines..
Also in causing the header or counter die or tool to move or, travel at the
same speed along with the dies carried by the disc or apparatus during the
time that the pressure is exerted. Also in combining with machinery con-
structed as above mentioned either one or both of the following appliances,
one being a safety ram or plug, intended to crush or give way when the
desired limit of pressure is exceeded, and the other being an apparatus by
which the tools may be readily relieved from action (or practically thrown out
of gear) without stopping the general action or motion of the machinery, both
of which appliances have been exemplified, but in a different combination, in
the Complete Specification of Letters Patent for an Invention of rivetting
machinery granted to me, bearing date 12th January 1860, No. 82.
And having thus set forth the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed
to describe the manner in which it is to be and may be performed, reference
being had to the accompanying three Sheets of illustrative Drawings, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon for the convenience of such reference.
In Sheet No. 1 the Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machine intended
specially for the purpose of making rivets, and constructed in accordance with
my several improvements (or some of them) as above set forth; in Sheet No. 2
Figure 2 is a plan view of the machine; in Sheet No. 3, Figure 3 is a diagram,
and Figure 4 a portion of the gearing drawn to the full size. Similar letters
of reference are employed to denote corresponding parts in all the Figures.
a is a framing; b and c, driving and loose pulleys; d, e, f, g, spur gearing
for giving motion to the two shafts h and i, the one having a crank k formed
upon it, and the other supporting and turning the disc or cylinder l. The
crank gives motion to a bar m, which carries the header or counter die or
tool n, the end of the bar being supported and sliding through a slot o in the
ring p,. which is free upon the centre pin * on the disc; and the disc carries
on its edge a series of eight dies q, q, the gearing and crank action being so
arranged that the header shall be brought up to or against such edge eight
times for one revolution of the disc, and that at the extreme or full stroke of
the header bar m the header shall exactly coincide with the dies as they
severally pass before it.
It will be seen by the diagram, Figure 8, that the action of the header and
disc, as governed by the toothed wheels f, g, would not be perfectly coincident,
out that at a given point in the action, as at 1, (which is variable at option,

page_text: and is arranged to be the required distance of the beader from the die at the
time when heading commences,) the centre line of the header would first
strike the centre line of the disc, then proceeding in the direction of the arrow,
it would immediately overtake this motion, as shewn by the corresponding
lines 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, &c., and again would exactly coincide on the center
line 9, 9, or line of complete pressure, when the reverse action would take
place as the header receded from the die. But in order to make these
motions perfectly coincident, a steel pin m* (see Figure 2) is inserted in the
header bar m vertically in the same centre line as the header, but a little on
one side of it, and holes to correspond are bored in the disc side by side of the
holes which hold the dies. This pin is arranged to come into action just as
the lines 1, 1, in the diagram (Figure 3) coincide, and the following teeth of
the pinion fare cut away to an extent equivalent to or corresponding with
the amount of difference between the positions 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, &c., as shewn
in the Figure 4. By this means the header or counter die or tool and the
dies carried by the disc are caused to move or travel at the same speed
during the time of pressure, so that although the rotary motion of the disc is
continuous, the pressure is exerted perpendicularly to the face of the dies (or
in a radial line towards the centre of the disc) during the whole time that
such pressure lasts. When the pin m* leaves the hole in the disc, the teeth
of the pinion fagain take up the action, and continue the motion of the
wheel g, and consequently of the disc. The bars to be made into rivets are
heated in a furnace of the ordinary construction, and are then cut off into
lengths by a lever cutter r with knives **, driven by a double cam s on the
heading shaft h, thus allowing two blanks to be cut for one rivet made.
The lengths to be cut off are regulated by a bar t carried upon the pin u, and
moved forward or backward by the screw v. It will readily be understood
that if the blanks so produced be inserted in the dies, the machine will
properly head them by the action above described, and that by simply
altering the tools different sizes or lengths of rivets may be made, as required.
It remains to shew how the machine expels the rivets when made. For
this purpose the inner half of the ring p is turned eccentrically, as shewn in
plan at p*, and upon it a loose ring w is placed, which takes the thrust of the
blocks carrying the pins y, which force out the rivets after heading. This
eccentric is held in a fixed position, or nearly so, by the end of the header bar
sliding through it at o, the eccentricity being a little in advance of and opposite
to the point where the heading takes place, so that the moment the header
has left the die the eccentric begins to operate in forcing out the rivet.
To prevent accident to the machine from iron being put in too cold or too

page_text: large, the header n (which is of steel) is supported behind by a small
cylinder of cast iron, which lies free in a recess in the header bar. This
cylinder, which constitutes the "safety ram or plug" before mentioned, is
made of such area as to resist the usual strain necessary for heading a rivet,
but to yield by crushing, if by any accident a cold rivet or any other unyielding
body should get between the header and the die.
The last of the several improvements herein-before set forth is not illustrated
in the Drawings, but may be effected by enlarging the recess in the header
bar, in which lies the cylinder z, and in inserting behind the cylinder a shifting
or sliding plate removeable at will either directly by hand or by means of a
small lever or handle to be provided for the purpose. When this plate is
removed the heading tool n and cylinder will slide back instead of the tool
pressing or squeezing the blank or object which may be offered to its action.
This improvement may be adopted separately from the "safety ram or plug"
improvement (if desired), in either case the necessary alterations being made
of or from the machine, as represented in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles de Bergue, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
C. DE BERGUE. (L.B.)