Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 28th June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 30th Aug., 1887.
I ELBRIDGE WHEELER of Boston in the State of Massachusetts one of the United
States of America do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the production of a metal casting or ingot containing
or surrounding one or more non-metallic or silicious bodies which are left in the said
casting or ingot.
My improved metal casting or ingot is especially applicable among other things, for
the production of columns for building or other purposes, fortification and building
blocks, car wheels, and when made of a metal capable of reduction, the said ingot
may be reduced to form filled tubes, bars, axles, railway-rails, shafts, columns etcetera,
the body of non-metallic or silicious material being enveloped by the metal and
retained during reduction, and constituting a part of the finished article or product.
For the best results the non-metallic or silicious body, which in most cases will be
sand, will be contained in a case or jacket.
In the production of fortification and building blocks, columns etcetera, one or
more of the said cases or jackets may be placed in a mold so as to occupy any desired
position with relation to each other, the said cases or jackets being supported upon
end pieces, which may be of metal, or suspended or otherwise supported within the
mold, so that when the metal to complete the ingot is cast into the mold, the said
metal will extend beyond the ends of the cases or jackets.
When it is desired to form an ingot from which to produce filled tubes, bars, axles,
railway-rails, columns shafts etcetera, by reduction of said ingot by means of rolling,
hanımering or compression, the case or jacket and its contained non-metallic or silicious
body will be located in the center of the mold.

page_text: During the reduction of the described ingot, the non-metallic or silicious body
changes its shape to conform to that shape given to the ingot by the rolls or hammer.
The filled tube, bar, shaft column etcetera, is capable of withstanding, not only
greater heat and pressure than a hollow or solid tube, bar etcetera, but also of resisting
in a high degree, compression and transverse and torsional strains, the non-metallic or
silicious body absorbing concussive and vibratory strains, and preventing oxidization
at the inside of the structure, as is common in cast iron columns, cast hollow by usual
coring, which is afterwards removed.
Dated the 22nd day of October 1886

page_text: Improvements in the Production of Metal Bodies or Ingots and in
the Method of Producing the same.
I ELBRIDGE WHEELER of Boston in the State of Massachusetts one of the United
States of America do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the production of a metal casting or ingot containing
or surrounding one or more non-metallic or silicious bodies which are left in the said
casting or ingot.
My improved metal casting or ingot is especially applicable among other things,
for the production of columns for building or other purposes, fortification and
building blocks, car wheels, and when made of a metal capable of reduction, the said
ingot may be reduced to form filled tubes, bars, axles, railway-rails, shafts, columns
etcetera, the body of non-metallic or silicious material being enveloped by the metal
and retained during reduction, and constituting a part of the finished article
or product.
For the best results the non-metallic or silicious body, which in most cases will
be sand, will be contained in a case or jacket.
In the production of fortification and building blocks, columns etcetera, one or more
of the said cases or jackets may be placed in a mold so as to occupy any desired
position with relation to each other, the said cases or jackets being supported upon
end pieces, which may be of metal, or suspended or otherwise supported within the
mold, so that when the metal to complete the ingot is cast into the mold, the said
metal will extend beyond the ends of the cases or jackets.
When it is desired to form an ingot from which to produce filled tubes, bars, axles,
railway rails, columns shafts, etcetera, by reduction of said ingot by means of rolling
hammering or compression, the case or jacket and its contained non-metallic or
silicious body will be located in the center of the mold.
During the reduction of the described ingot, the non-metallic or silicious body
changes its shape to conform to that shape given to the ingot by the rolls or hammer.
The filled tube, bar, shaft, column etcetera is capable of withstanding, not only
greater heat and pressure than a hollow or solid tube, bar etcetera, but also of
resisting in a high degree, compression and transverse and torsional strains, the non-
metallic or silicious body absorbing concussive and vibratory strains, and preventing
oxidization at the inside of the structure, as is common in cast iron columns, cast
hollow by usual coring, which is afterwards removed,

page_text: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a mold having within it a jacket or case
containing a non-metallic or silicious body employed in the production of my
improved ingot.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of an ingot such as will be produced by pouring
metal into the mold shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross section of Figure 2.
Figure 4 a section of the non-metallic or silicious body and its surrounding case or
jacket.
Figure 5 a modification to be referred to.
Figure 6 a vertical section on a smaller scale of a mold containing two cases
or jackets.
Figure 7 a longitudinal section of an ingot such as will be produced by casting
into the mold shown in Figure 6.
Figure 8 a vertical section of a mold containing two cases or jackets side by side.
Figure 9 a perspective view of an ingot, such as may be produced by casting
in the mold shown in Figure 8.
Figure 9 a section of Figure 9 in the line x, x.
Figure 10 a diametrical section of a car wheel produced in accordance with
my invention, and Figure 11 a vertical section of one form of a building column.
Referring to the drawings, A in Figures 1, 6, and 8 represent a base to support or
form part of a mold A' with which to practice my invention, the said molds being
herein shown of varying sizes, and as rectangular in shape, but which may be of any
other usual or desired configuration, said mold being composed of iron or other
suitable or usual material.
Within the mold A' shewn in Figure 1 is placed a case or jacket a¹ containing
or enveloping a non-metallic or silicious body a*.
The case or jacket a¹ is supported upon pins a, a, in order that the metal cast into
the mold may pass beyond the lower end of the case or jacket, the top of the case
or jacket being below the top of the mold, so that the metal poured into the mold
may rise therein above the top of the case or jacket.
If the walls of the ingot on opposite sides of the case or jacket are to be of equal
thickness, the said case or jacket will be placed in the center of the mold A', and the
malleable molten metal, either steel or iron, or any other metal which can be worked
or reduced by rolling or hammering, such as brass, copper, etcetera, and their alloys,
will be poured into the said mold, the pouring being continued until the metal
preferably completely envelopes the said case or jacket, so as to leave solid metal ends,
as shown in section Figure 2.
I wish it to be understood that I do not limit the scope of my invention to any
particular mode or manner of supporting or suspending the case or jacket within the
mold, in order that the ingot may contain solid metal at the ends of the case or
jacket.
The rectangular ingot herein shown in Figure 2 composed of malleable metal b,
and a body of non-metallic or silicious material, as a*, may, after undergoing the
usual process of re-heating, be reduced to any desired shape by rolling or by
hammering, or by compression in usual manner.
During the process of reduction, the non-metallic, or silicious or friable body will
elongate and automatically change its shape to conform to the configuration of the
metal surrounding the said body.
When it is desired to produce a malleable ingot from which to roll axles and
similar objects having solid sections distributed throughout the length thereof,
a second case or jacket will be supported upon or above the top of the first or bottom
case or jacket, as shewn in Figure 6, and the metal will be poured into the mold until
it envelopes both cases or jackets, the number of cases or jackets employed being
limited only by the size of the mold.
Instead of using the supporting pins a, which for the best results are of metal, so
as to become a part of the solid end of the malleable ingot, I may place at the end
of the casing or jacket end pieces.d composed of suitable metal, such as steel, scrap

page_text: iron or scrap plates, one such series of end pieces being shown in figures ɔ and è and
two sets in Figure 6, where one case or jacket rests upon the other.
These end pieces may be contained within the cases or jackets as shown in Figure 5,
or the end pieces may be placed between the ends of the cases or jackets, as shown in
Figure 6, one set upon the other.
Referring to Figure 8 I have shown two cases or jackets a' supported upon end
pieces d, as placed within the mold A' in such position as to produce the casting or
ingot shown in Figures 9 and 9ª, it consisting of 'two non-metallic or silicious
bodies ax, surrounded by metal b, the said bodies being separated by a metal wall or
division a.
The casting or ingot shown in Figures 9 and 9*, is especially adapted to be used as
a building or fortification block, when the metal b is either iron or steel.
Figure 11 in section shews a column, preferably of cast iron b, and a non-metallic
or silicious body a*.
In the production of the column referred to, a sand mold not herein shown will
preferably be employed, the said mold being shaped to produce the ornamental
outline shewn, but it is evident any other desired or fanciful design may be thus given
to the column.
When a mould of the desired shape has been formed, the non-metallic body a*
contained within a suitable case or jacket a¹ will be placed therein, the case or jacket
being supported in any suitable manner, and the iron or steel, or other metal, will be
poured or cast into the mould to surround and extend beyond the ends of the case or
jacket.
Referring to Figure 10, I have shown a car wheel composed preferably of iron b
enveloping a non-metallic or silicious body a*.
To produce the car wheel referred to a sand or other mold is made in usual manner
employed in the manufacture of car wheels.
Then the pattern is removed, and in the recess in the sand left by the removal of
the pattern is placed an annular case or jacket d, or it may be segmental cases or
jackets a', containing sand or other non-metallic or silicious material a*, they being
supported, as described, on suitable pins or small plates; and when in place and the
mold closed, iron or other desired metal is cast into the said mold to envelope the
said cases or jackets.
In the practice of my invention the hot metal poured into the mold in the
production of an ingot, such as described, acts to more or less fuse the metal case or
jacket.
The case or jacket for the production of the best results will be of sheet iron.
Prior to this invention I am not aware that an ingot has ever been produced by
casting metal so as to envelope and enclose the sides and ends of a non metallic or
silicious body nor am I aware that cast iron or any other metal has ever been poured
into a mold of any sort containing a metal case or jacket filled with a silicious body,
the said cast iron or other metal enclosing the said case or jacket; nor prior to this
invention am I aware that a cast metal ingot has ever been reduced by rolling or
hammering to ultimate shape and the silicious body left in the completed article to
form a part thereof thus reducing the cost and the weight of the article, and, increasing
its strength.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. An improved article of manufacture consisting of a cast malleable metal ingot,
composed of a non-metallic or silicious body or bodies surrounded by a malleable or
ductile metal, which envelopes the sides and projects beyond the ends of the said body,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. That improvement in the art or method of forming a metal casting, which com-
prehends casting metal into a mold to surround a case or jacket enclosing a non-
metallic or silicious body, the latter being retained in and forming a part of the said
casting, as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 3. That improvement in the art or method of producing a metal ingot, which
comprehends casting steel or other metal such as brass, copper or other alloys to
surround a non-metallic or silicious body, the said cast metal surrounding the sides of
the said body and passing beyond its ends to aid in furnishing solid metallic ends for
the said ingot, and thereafter when the said ingot is at proper heat and with the said
body yet in place, reducing the said ingot by rolling or in other usual manner, the
non-metallic body changing or conforming in shape to the shape given to the said
ingot, substantially as described.