IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND BUTTONS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James McClenahan, of Hopeton Street, Belfast,
Schoolmaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND
BUTTONS."
Sealed the 25th May 1866, and dated the 20th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James McClenahan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th January 1866.
I, JAMES MCCLENAHAN, of Hopeton Street, Belfast, Schoolmaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STUDS AND BUTTONS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in buttons and studs apply to buttons having stems or
shanks and to studs to fasten them to the garments or articles to which
they are to be applied. I form or fix on the said stem or shank a fastening
in the form of a screw, consisting of, say, one turn, more or less; it is a broad
leaf screw, and of a diameter, say, as large as the stud or button; this screw
is simply entered and screwed through a button hole or slit in the garment
or other article, the screw passing quite through on to the neck or shank
of the stud or button. If desired the stud or button may be made with a
double stem or neck, that is to say, with a disc piece in the middle of its
length, so as to limit the position of the garment on the shank after the
screw has passed through and is secured thereto.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James McClenahan in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
MCCLENAHAN, of Hopeton Street, Belfast, Schoolmaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James McClenahan, Her special licence that I,
the said James McClenahan, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said James McClenahan, my executors, adminis
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND BUTTONS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that. I, the said James McClenahan,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James McClenahan, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say)
My improvements in buttons and studs apply to buttons having stems
or shanks and to studs to fasten them to the garment or articles to which
they are to be applied. I form or fix on the said stem or shank a 'fastening
piece in the form of a screw, consisting of, say, one turn, more or less; it is
a broad leaf screw, and of a diameter, say, as large
as the stud or button;
this screw is simply entered and screwed through a button hole or slit 'in
the garment or other article, the screw passing quite through on to the
neck or shank of the stud or button. If desired the stud or button may be

page_text: instance, this, unless the slit be very large, is often a troublesome operation,
besides which the shirt front is sure to be crumpled, while if the slit be
large there is the danger of losing the stud, which may be more or less
valuable. Studs made according to my improvements are easily inserted
through a slit, do not break or rumple a shirt front, and are securely held
when inserted.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a side view of a plain stud constructed according to
my Invention, it may be made out of a solid piece of metal, or in parts as
represented at A, B, C, D, E, and F. A represents an edge view, and B
a plan of the upper disc, which may be more or less ornamented as desired;
C is a side view, and D a plan of the stem or neck, while E shows an edge
view and F a plan of the lower or screw disc; this is made out of a disc of
metal, a slit a being cut on one side and the disc twisted somewhat into
the form of a screw thread, the two discs B and F, soldered or otherwise
secured to the stem C, form the stud as seen at Figure 1. Figure 2 repre-
sents a side view, and Figure 3 an under side plan of a stud made out of
the solid; in this case I have made the screw part 6 of rather more than a
whole turn of the thread of the screw, which perhaps may make the stud
more secure in the hole or slit, but I find that a single and whole turn of a
screw is sufficient. Figure 4 represents a side view, and Figure 5 an
under side plan of a button constructed for fixing in like manner to the
studs before described; d is the button, and 6 the screw disc as before,
while e is another disc or flange on the stem or shank of the button, between
which and the screw disc b the fabric is received, into which the button
is to be fixed, as seen in Figure 4, which leaves the button head free for
buttoning on the other part of the garment or fabric fas represented; this
intermediate disc e may be dispensed with if desired, but for buttons and
such like articles fastened to garments and otherwise I prefer to construct
them with the intermediate disc e as shown at Figure 4. The screw piece
or disc b is inserted through a slit in fabric fas before described.
per-
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be

page_text: protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the con-
struction of studs and buttons with screw discs or parts whereby to insert
and secure them in position, in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James McClenahan, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JAMES MCCLENAHAN. (L.S.)