IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR Apparatus for GRINDING AND POLISHING.”
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James William Butler, of Stonebridge Park,
Willesden, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR Apparatus for GRINDING AND POLISHING.”
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James William Butler
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st April 1875.
I, JAMES WILLIAM BUTLER, of Stonebridge Park, Willesden, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND
POLISHING," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates more particularly to that description of grinding
apparatus known as emery wheels, but it is also applicable with grinding
materials other than emery; and it consists of certain improvements in
the construction and mounting of the emery or other wheels whereby
the liability to fracture when driven at high velocities is diminished;
also to improved modes of applying such wheels to grinding and polishing
purposes, as herein-after mentioned.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I construct the grinding wheels of two
or more segments of a ring, and I mount the same in a carrier or holder
consisting of a plate or disc (of cast iron or other suitable material)
having a hollow boss or socket projecting therefrom in both directions,
which is secured to the actuating shaft by being screwed on to the end 5
of the same, or otherwise, such carrier or holder being also provided
with an annular flange or rim which surrounds the outer periphery of
the segmental grinding ring, with or without the interposition of a band
of india-rubber or other suitable yielding material. On the inner
periphery of the segments I also place a metal diso, or a plain or angular- 1
shaped ring composed of two or more segments, against which bear four
or any other suitable number of screws, the opposite ends of such screws
being screwed into the metal of the boss on the carrier or holder. The
outer periphery of the grinding segments is thus firmly pressed against
the carrier or holder by the disc or ring which acts upon its inner 1
periphery, and which is forced in contact therewith by the screws before
mentioned, the grinding being effected on the flat surface in lieu of on
the periphery of the stone.
In order to obviate the loss of time in balancing the wheels I employ
on the screws jamb nuts, which are arranged in pairs, and whilst
facilitating the tightening of the screws from balance weights being
moved either nearer to or further from the centre as required in order to
obtain a perfect balance. The carrier or holder fitted with the grinding
rings enclosed therein, as before mentioned, may be fixed on a lathe
or planing machine in the position of face plates, and may be operated:
in a similar manner to cutters employed for trueing, or turning a true
face on any flat surface. A slide rest or table for carrying the article to
be operated upon may be employed, which may be made automatic, if
desired, and arranged so as to be capable of motion in any direction.
The grinding wheels or dics may be worked either vertically, hori-
zontally, or at an angle, according to the purpose to which they are to
be applied.
By means of this Invention any metal or other substance may be
acted upon throughout the diameter of the ring without the liability of
coming into contact with the spindle, or shaft, or the plates ordinarily
employed for securing emery wheels.
The carrier or holder may be formed with an additional annular rim or
flange, the grinding and pressing rings or segments being placed in the

page_text: annular trough between the two rims or flanges, and being pressed up by
screws in the manner before mentioned. The screws in this case may be
arranged behind the disc or plate which forms the body of the carrier or
holder, by which means all liability to accident from the workman.
coming in contact therewith will be prevented. I also propose to make
the actuating spindle hollow for the traverse of a current of air for the
purpose of cooling the same.
In order to afford facility for adjusting the face of the grindstone when
worn down near the edgo of the carrier or holder the back of such carrier
or holder is perforated with a number of holes for the passage of any
suitable tool, by means of which the stone may be set up as required.
Grindstones mounted in the manner herein-before described may be
employed for polishing slabs of marble or other stone, the latter being
carried upon a sliding table, and the grindstone being mounted in an
overhanging frame or bracket and driven by a belt and pullies or other
convenient means.
For the purpose of grinding paint in oil; india-rubber in turpentine,
or dry substances, such, for example, as white lead, seeds, or cereals, I
propose to fit stones in carriers or holders in the manner before
mentioned, and employ two such apparatus arranged one over the other,:
the bottom stone working on a spindle but being rotated by the action
of the upper stone grinding the substances upon it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James William Butler in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WILLIAM BUTLER, of Stonebridge Park, Willesden, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the 38th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James William- Butler, Her special

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Figures 5 and 7 (Sheet 1) are end views, and Figures 6 and 8 are
respectively corresponding side elevations of two modifications of
machines fitted with the improved grinding wheels for grinding or
polishing.
Figure 9 (Sheet 2) is a vertical section, and Figure 10 is a corres
sponding plan shewing two of the improved grinding wheels arranged
one above the other for grinding or reducing wet and dry substances.
Figures 11 and 12 (Sheet 2) are sectional elevations representing
respectively two further modifications of apparatus for the purposes last
mentioned.
Figures 13 and 14 (Sheet 2) represent two further modifications of
the grinding discs, to be herein-after more fully referred to.
.
: >
According to my said Invention I construct the grinding wheels of
segments a, a, of a ring (Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4), and I mount the same
in a carrier or holder 6 consisting of a plate or disc (of cast iron or other
suitable material) having a hollow boss or socket c projecting therefrom,
which is secured to the actuating shaft d by being screwed on to the end
of the same, as shewn in the Drawing, or otherwise, such carrier or
holder 6 being also provided with an annular flange or rim 6' which
surrounds the outer periphery of the segmental grinding ring a, with or
without the interposition of a band of india-rubber or other suitable
yielding material. On the inner periphery of the segments a I also
place a metal disc or a plain or angular-shaped ring composed of
segments e, e, against which bear 4 or any other suitable number of
screws ff, the opposite ends of such screws being screwed into the metal
of the boss c on the carrier or holder b. The outer periphery of the
grinding segments a is thus firmly pressed against the flange or rim 6¹
of the carrier or holder 6 by the segmental disc or ring e, e, which acts
upon its inner periphery and which is forced in contact therewith by the'
screws ff, the grinding being effected on the flat surface a' in lieu of on
the periphery of the stone.
:
In my Drawings the grinding wheel and the prossing ring are each
represented as composed of four segments, but any other suitable number.
may be employed.
.
!
In order to obviate the loss of time in balancing the wheels. I employ
on the screws jamb nuts 9, 9, which are arranged in pairs, and whis✪

page_text: facilitating the tightening of the screws f, f, form balance weights, being
moved either nearer to or further from the centre as required in order to
obtain a perfect balance.
The carrier or holder 6 may be formed with an additional annular rim
or flange, (Figures 3 and 4,) the grinding segments a, a, and the pressing
segments e, e, being placed in the annular trough between the two rims
or flanges 6' and i, and being pressed up by screws f. f. in the manner
herein-before described. The screws in this case may be arranged behind
the disc or plate which forms the body of the carrier or holder b, as
shewn in the Drawing, Figures 3 and 4, by which means all liability to
accident from the workman coming in contact therewith will be
prevented. The actuating spindle d may be made hollow for the traverse
of a current of air for the purpose of cooling the same.
The arrangement of the screws, jamb nuts, and segmental pressing.
rings is also applicable to grindstones made in one piece and worked on
the periphery for the purpose of balancing the same and obviating the
necessity for the use of diamonds and other equivalent means ordinarily
employed.
The carrier or holder 6 fitted with the grinding segments a, a, enclosed
therein, as hercin-before described, may be fixed on a lathe or planing |
machine in the position of face plates, and may be operated in a similar
manner to cutters employed for trueing or turning a true face on any
flat surface. They may be employed for polishing slabs of marble or
other stone, the latter being carried upon a sliding table and the grind-
stone being mounted in an overhanging frame or bracket and driven by
a belt and pulleys or other convenient means. Figures 5 and 6 and
Figures 7 and 8 respectively, (Sheet 1,) illustrato two modifications of
machines of this description with the improved grinding wheels or discs
applied thereto. is the bed of the machine on which there is fitted a
slide rest or tablo k for carrying the article h¹ to be operated upon, which
slide rest or table is moved backwards and forwards by means of a rack
and pinion operated by gearing from the driving shaft A. This
shaft is supported in bearings at one end in the bed h, and at the opposite
end in a bracket B projecting from such bed, and carries a driving
pulley C for receiving motion from any suitable prime mover. The
slide rest or table & may however be operated in any other suitablo
manner, and be arranged so as to be movable in any direction by
automatic means or otherwise.

page_text: The grinding wheels may be worked either vertically, horizontally, or
at an angle, according to the purpose to which they are to be applied.
In the arrangement shewn in Figures 5 and 6 the grinding wheel is
mounted on a horizontal shaft d which is supported in bearings in a
slide or carriage D, and is provided with a driving pulley E for receiving
motion from any suitable prime mover. The carriage D is fitted on
another carriage F, along which it may be moved horizontally by means
of a traversing screw operated by a handle G, and the carriage F is
adjustable vertically by sliding along grooves or guides formed in the
uprights H, H, under the action of the traversing screw I and band
pulleys K operated by the handle L.
:
In the modification, Figures 7 and 8, the shaft d carrying the
grinding wheel is arranged vertically and has its bearings in the vertically.
adjustable carriage F, which is operated by means of the screw I in the.
manner herein-before described with reference to the arrangement,.
Figures 5 and 6.
In operating with the apparatus the grinding wheel b is rotated in-
the manner herein-before described, whilst the table / carrying the
article /³ is moved along before or beneath it, and the grinding wheel
being set up to the work as the operation proceeds, by the means herein-
before described, a perfectly true and smooth surface is imparted to the
article being operated upon. If desired the grindstone may be
traversed in any required direction, whilst the article to be ground or
polished remains stationary.
¹
•
For the purpose of grinding paint in oil, india-rubber in turpentine,.
or dry substances, such, for example, as white lead, seeds, or cereals, I.
fit stones in carriers or holders in the manner before mentioned, and
employ two such apparatus arranged one over the other, the bottom
stone working on a spindle but being rotated by the action of the upper
stone grinding the substances upon it, or vice versa. This arrangement
is illustrated in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, (Sheet 2) of the Drawings.
1, 1, are the stones placed one above the other and mounted the one I on
hollow spindler, and the other l' on a spindle p, both of which are
carried by suitable brackets on the frame o, (Figures 11 and 12.) The
spindle pis supported at its lower end by an adjustable footstep bearing 9,
the height of which may be regulated either directly by the act of
turning the hand lever g', as in the arrangement Figure 11, or through.
the intervention of the lever g, as in the modification, Figure 12.

page_text: In the arrangement Figure 11 the upper stone is rotated by means
of the driving pulley & fast on its spindle r, the lower stone being
rotated eccentrically by the action of the stone grinding the substances
upon the former; whilst in the modification, Figure 12, the converse of
this arrangement is adopted, the lower stone & being positively rotated 5
by means of the driving pulley & fast on its spindle p, and the upper
stone being rotated eccentrically by frictional contact. The substances
to be ground are fed through the hopper t and hollow spindler to tho
stones, ', which may be either left open, as in the arrangement
Figure 11, or enclosed in a casing , as in the modification, Figure 12, 1
according to the nature of the substances to be operated upon.
In constructing my improved grinding rings or discs slips of wood
or other suitable packing may be interposed between the segments a, a,
as shewn in Figures 13 and 14, and the discs may also, if desired, be
formed with furrows v, v, filled with strips of wood or other suitable 1
packing for supporting the stone and preventing the edges from breaking
off in grinding.
In order to afford facility for adjusting the face of the grindstone
when worn down near the edge of the carrier or holder the back of such
carrier or holder is perforated with a number of holes, (as shown at ;, 2
Figure 10, Sheet 2,) for the passage of any suitable tool, by means of
which the stone may be set up as required.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to 2
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The constructing a grinding ring or disc in segments arranged
in such a manner as to admit of their being forced outwards against a
carrier or holder, substantially as herein-beforo described and illustrated 80
by my Drawings.
Second. The combination with a grinding ring or disc constructed in
segments of a carrier or holder having an annular rim or rims for
encasing the segments, and a boss or socket below or within the level of
the flat acting surface of the stone for receiving the carrying shaft, and 3
of screws acting radially or from the interior outwards for maintaining

page_text: the segments in their position in the carrier or holder, all substantially
as and for the purposes herein-before described, and as illustrated by my
Drawings.
Third. The combination with a grinding ring or disc constructed in
segments, and a carrier or holder arranged in the manner before
mentioned, of a pressing segmental ring or disc maintained in contact
with the inner periphery of the segments by means of screws working
from a central boss on the carrier or holder, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Fourth. The combination with a grinding wheel or grindstone of a
pressing segmental ring or disc and screws, arranged in the manner
before mentioned, and of jamb nuts for tightening the screws and
balancing the grinding wheel or grindstone without changing the
position of the centre of the same, substantially as herein-before
described.
Fifth. The application and use to and in the grinding or reducing of
substances of grinding rings or discs constructed of segments contained
a carrier or holder, such grinding rings or discs being placed one above
the other and arranged, combined, and operated substantially as heroin-
before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James William Butler, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of
September, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.