IMPROVEMENTS IN PEDOMOTIVE VEHICLES OR VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON of the Office for Patents 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PEDOMOTIVE VEHICLES OR
VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
In the provisional specification accompanying the application for Letters Patent
filed October 21st 1884, and numbered 13,927 are described steering devices which
form a connection between the steering handle at the top of the main frame of a
bicycle and the steering-wheel shaft at the lower end of the back-bone, and which
consist of wire cords, chains or other flexible connections extending through and
concealed within a hollow curved back-bone composed of one or more bent tubes.
The present invention relates more particularly to bicycles wherein are employed
steering devices of the kind above described, but certain features of the invention
are applicable generally to pedomotive vehicles.
The features of my invention which are applicable generally to pedomotive
vehicles consist in novel combinations of parts, as herein after described in the
mechanism whereby. an intermittent and alternate movement or reciprocation of
two pedals is caused to transmit to the driving axle and driving wheel or wheels a
rotary motion continuously in one direction. This part of the invention also
includes a novel means whereby the rider may, without leaving his seat, adjust
the driving mechanism through which the pedals impart motion to the driving
axle, so as to adapt the pedals to operate with great power and comparatively
short range of movement for ascending a grade, or with less power and a longer
range of movement in descending a grade or on level ground. When steering
connections of the kind above referred to are employed the steering wheel shaft
has upon it a sheave or pulley around which the flexible connections are passed
and also guide or deflecting sheaves or pulleys for giving proper direction to
the flexible connections; and that part of my invention which relates to bicycles

page_text: .
wherein such steering mechanism is employed consists in a novel construction of
the box or frame portion which is at the lower end of the curved backbone and in
which is journalled the steering wheel shaft and the sheaves or pulleys for the
flexible connections to pass over; and in a novel manner of combining with the
curved back bone and other parts of the main framing, the boxes or frame portions
wherein are journalled the steering wheel shaft and the steering shaft or spindle to
which the steering handle is attached.
In carrying out the invention two clutch mechanisms are mounted on the
driving axle of a bicycle one on each side of the driving wheel and each clutch
mechanism is operated by a treadle lever on which is a pedal or foot rest. Each
clutch mechanism consists essentially of a hub or cylindric boss fast on the axle,
a skeleton roller carriage surrounding the bub and in which are journalled a series
of rollers which are parallel with the axle and bear upon the periphery of the hub
at equidistant points in its circumference and a clutch drum surrounding the rollers
and loose on the axle so that it may turn in either direction. On the interior of
the clutch drum are cavities or recesses having inclined faces and which accom-
modate in them the rollers.-An adjustable connection is provided between the
clutch drum and roller carriage which permits the drum to rotate sufficiently in
one direction to bring the inclined surfaces on one side of the recesses or notches
with a clamping action upon the rollers, but which prevents the clutch drum from
acting on the rollers when the clutch drum turns in the other direction'; con-
sequently when the clutch drum turns in one direction it clamps the rollers upon
the periphery of the cylindric hub and turns said hub and the axle.
Supported concentrically with the axle and free to swing or oscillate thereon is
a frame carrying rollers which are outside and at a little distance from the clutch
drum and between the drum and said rollers is arranged a treadle lever which is
capable of sliding movement lengthwise between the drum and supporting rollers.
The treadle lever is connected with the clutch drum by thin metal bands or straps
or other flexible connections which are passed around the drum in opposite
directions and are each attach at one end to the drum and at the other end to the
treadle lever.
When the treadle lever is depressed by the foot the strain upon one band turns
the clutch drum and axle to impart forward movement to the machine and when
the pressure of the foot is relieved, the treadle lever, the oscillating roller frame
and the clutch drum are all returned by a spring, the clutch drum turning
independently of the axle.
To guide the treadle lever there is employed in addition to the aforesaid
oscillating roller frame, an arc-shaped link or guide which may be made in the
form of a curved bar, or a frame having a curved slot. In the latter case the
treadle lever has a roller working in the slot. The ends of the link may be
connected by a guide rod capable of sliding in an eye or bearing on the main frame
and the link is still further supported by a rod or brace extending to and con-
nected with the lower end of the back-bone, This link may then be shifted
upwards and downwards by appliances extending upwards to the top of the fixed
frame and within reach of the rider. When the link is shifted so that its centre is
above the axle, the curve of the link being eccentric to the axle, the machine is
adapted for quick speeds, because on the operation of the treadle lever the clutch
drum and oscillating roller frame will be turned such part of a circle as is described
by the pedal and as the point of support of the treadle lever in the link approaches
the axle, the lever will move lengthwise between the clutch drum and supporting
When the
rollers and will to that extent increase the rotation of the clutch drum.
link is shifted into a position concentric with the axle the operation of the treadle
lever will only turn the clutch drum and axle such part of a circle as is described
by the pedal.
The main frame or fork may be partly or wholly constructed of tubes and the
curved links on opposite sides of the machine may be controlled by rods which
extend upward through such tubes and are at their upper ends connected by wire

page_text: cords or other flexible devices with sectors on a short shaft which may be turned
by a handle to raise or lower the curved links; and this handle may be screw.
threaded so as to serve as a clamping screw to hold the sector shaft and curved.
links after their adjustment.
By these means the rider while in the saddle can readily shift the links which
guide the treadle levers so as to adapt the machine for slow or fast speed according
to whether the road is level or an up or down grade.
In a bicycle having a curved hollow backbone and flexible steering connections
extending through the same it is prefer to make the back bone of two curved
tubes arranged side by side and connected at their upper ends with a box or
casting which is termed the upper box of the frame and at their lower ends with
another box or casting which is termed the lower box of the frame.
The upper box of the frame has projecting from it parallel necks or hollow
shanks which are screw threaded and the upper ends of the back-bone tubes are.
adjustably connected therewith by sleeve or coupling nuts having right and left
hand threads.
The upper box of the frame has a recess or cavity the top of which is closed by
a plug or bonnet having an upwardly projecting hub or sleeve wherein is journalled.
the steering spindle which has fast upon it a sheave or pulley which is enclosed
within the cavity or recess in the upper box. The cords, wires or other flexible
connections which pass through the curved back-bone tubes are passed into the
upper box and secured to the sheave or pulley so that the turning of the steering
spindle in one or other direction will exert a pull on one connection and will pay
out or releive the other connection.
The brake for acting on the driving wheel is pivotted at one end to and extends
under the upper box and its opposite end is curved upwards and backwards so as
to rest on the box and constitute a spring for lifting the brake out of contact with
the wheel. The spring may be an integral part of the brake or attached to it, a
plunger or rod slides within the steering spindle and by means of a brake handle
arranged adjacent to the steering handle this plunger or rod may be pushed down
to apply the brake.
The dust guard which covers the driving wheel and on which the saddle is
supported is secured at one end to portions of the fixed frame, and at its other end
is hung by links which depend from the upper box and give that end of the dust
guard a swinging support, so that the rider will receive less shock and jar from the
wheels passing over a rough road.
The lower box of the frame has sockets which receive the lower ends of the
back-bone tubes and has a recess or cavity which is in nearly a horizontal plane
and is closed at the bottom by a plug or bonnet which forms a bearing for the
steering wheel shaft.
The box preferably has a hub or sleeve which receives the steering wheel shaft.
This hub or sleeve is closed at the upper end by a screw plug against which the
upper end of the steering wheel shaft bears and which forms an adjustable thrust
bearing therefore. The lower end of the steering wheel shaft is forked to receive
the steering wheel which is journalled therein in the usual manner.
The flexible steering connections are attached to the sheave on the steering
wheel shaft and by a pull upon one or the other of them the shaft and steering
wheel are turned.
In the opposite sides of the lower box of the frame are cavities or recesses closed
by caps and containing idle wheels or sheaves under and partly around which the
flexible steering connections are deflected in order to properly direct them to the
sheave on the steering wheel shaft. The sheaves at the sides of the box of the
frame are loosely journalled upon bolts which pass through the cavities or recesses
of the frame and serve also to secure the caps in place. The braces or rods of
the frame which are secured at their one end to the curved guiding links for
the treadle levers may also have their other ends pivotted by said bolts to the
lower box of the frame.

page_text: The bearings for all the parts of the machine may be plain cylindric bearings,
but it is preferred to provide ordinary ball-bearings for the several rotary parts,
and nuts whereby such bearings may be adjusted to compensate for wear.
In lieu of the metallic bands or other flexible connections between the treadle
lever and clutch drum, toothed gearing may be employed the clutch drum being
provided with gear teeth on its periphery and the treadle lever with a rack gearing
therewith.
Instead of flexible steering connections being fastened to sheaves on the steering
spindle and steering wheel shaft the said spindle and shaft may be provided with
pinions, and the connections may consist of curved rods extending through the
tubes and having racks at their ends which engage with pinions and through
them transmit motion to the steering wheel shaft.
Instead of providing an adjustable connection between the upper ends of the
back-bone tubes and the upper box of the frame such adjustable connection may
be between the lower ends of the tubes and the lower box of the frame.
In lieu of employing a curved guiding link for the treadle lever there may be
employed a straight link or guiding bar arranged in an inclined position to the
perpendicular, or slanted or inclined from its upper end downwards towards the
axle. This straight and inclined bar or link would be adjustable upwards and
downwards in the same manner as the curved link or bar.

page_text: I PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
In the specification of Letters Patent dated October 21st 1884, and numbered
13927, are described steering devices which form a connection between the steering
handle at the top of the main frame of a bicycle, and the steering wheel shaft at
the lower end of the back bone, and which consist of wire cords, chains, or other
flexible connections, extending through, and concealed within a hollow curved back
bone composed of one or more bent tubes.
The present invention relates more particularly to bicycles wherein are employed
steering devices of the kind above described, but certain features of the invention
are applicable generally to pedomotive vehicles..
The features of the invention which are applicable generally to pedomotive
vehicles, consist in novel combinations of parts, as hereinafter described, in the
mechanism whereby an intermittent and alternate movement or reciprocation of
two pedals is caused to transmit to the driving axle, and driving wheel or wheels,
a rotary motion continuously in one direction.-This part of the invention also
includes a novel means whereby the rider may, without leaving his seat, adjust the
driving mechanism through which the pedals impart motion to the driving axle, so
as to adapt the pedals to operate with great power and comparatively short range
of movement for ascending a grade, or with less power and a longer range of
movement in descending a grade, or on level ground.-When steering connections
of the kind above referred to are employed, the steering wheel shaft has upon it a
sbeave or pulley around which the flexible connections are passed, and also guide
or deflecting sheaves or pulleys for giving proper direction to the flexible con-
nections; and that part of this invention which relates to bicycles wherein such
steering mechanism is employed, consists in a novel construction of the box or
frame portion, which is at the lower end of the curved back bone, and in which is
journalled the steering wheel shaft and the sheaves or pulleys for the flexible con-
nections to pass over; and in a novel manner of combining with the curved back
bone and other parts of the main framing, the boxes or frame portions wherein are
journalled the steering wheel shaft and the steering shaft or spindle to which the
steering handle is attached.
In carrying out the invention, two clutch mechanisms are mounted on the
driving axle of a bicycle, one on each side of the driving wheel, and each clutch
mechanism is operated by a treadle lever on which is a pedal or foot rest. Each
clutch mechanism consists essentially of a hub or cylindric boss fast on the axle, a
skeleton roller-carriage surrounding the hub, and in which are journalled a series
of rollers which are parallel with the axle and bear upon the periphery of the hub
nt equidistant points in its circumference, and a clutch drum surrounding the
rollers, and loose on the axle, so that it may turn in either direction. On the
interior of the clutch drum are cavities or recesses having inclined faces, and which
accommodate in them the rollers. An adjustable connection is provided between
•

page_text: .
the clutch drum and roller carriage, which permits the drum to rotate sufficiently in
one direction to bring the inclined surfaces on one side of the recesses or notches
with a clamping action upon the rollers, but which prevents the clutch drum from
acting on the rollers when the clutch drum turns in the other direction.-
Consequently, when the clutch drum turns in one direction, it clamps the rollers
upon the periphery of the cylindric hub and turns said hub and the axle.
Supported concentrically with the axle, and free to swing or oscillate thereon, is
a frame carrying rollers, which are outside, and at a little distance from the clutch
drum, and between the drum and said rollers is arranged a treadle-lever, which is
capable of sliding movement lengthwise between the drum and supporting rollers.
The treadle lever is connected with the clutch drum by thin metal bands or straps
or other flexible connections, which are passed around the drum in opposite
directions, and are each attached at one end to the dram, and at the other end to
the treadle lever. When the treadle lever is depressed by the foot, the strain
upon on band turns the clutch drum and axle to impart forward movement to the
machine, and when the pressure of the foot is relieved, the treadle lever, the
oscillating roller frame, and the clutch drum, are all returned by a spring, the clutch
drum turning independently of the axle.
To guide the treadle lever, there is employed in in addition to the aforesaid
oscillating roller frame, an arc-shaped link or guide, which may be made in the
form of a curved bar, or a frame having a curved slot. In the latter case, the
treadle lever has a roller working in the slot. The ends of the link may be con-
nected by a guide rod capable of sliding in an eye or bearing on the main frame,
and the link is still further supported by a rod or brace extending to, and con-
nected with the lower end of the back-bone. This link may then be shifted
upwards and downwards by appliances extending upwards to the top of the fixed
frame, and within reach of the rider.-When the link is shifted so that its centre is
above the axle, the curve of the link being eccentric to the axle, the machine is
adapted for quick speeds, because, on the operation of the treadle lever, the clutch
drum and oscillating roller frame will be turned such part of a circle as is described
by the pedal, and as the point of support of the treadle lever in the link approaches
the axle, the lever will move lengthwise between the clutch drum and supporting
rollers, and will, to that extent, increase the rotation of the clutch drum. When
the link is shifted into a position concentric with the axle, the operation of the
treadle lever will only turn the clutch druin and axle such part of a circle as is
described by the pedal.
The main frau.e or fork may be partly or wholly constructed of tubes, and the
curved links on opposite sides of the machine may be controlled by rods which
extend upward through such tubes, and are, at their upper ends, connected by wire,
cords or other flexible devices with sectors on a short shaft which may be turned
by a handle to raise or lower the curved links; and this handle may be screw
threaded so as to serve as a clamping screw to hold the sector shaft and curved
links after their adjustment. By these means, the rider, while in the saddle, can
readily shift the links which guide the treadle levers, so as to adapt the machine
for slow or fast speed according to whether the road is level or an up or down
grade.
In a bicycle having a curved hollow back bone and flexible steering connections
extending through the same, it is preferred to make the back-bone of two curved
tubes arranged side by side, and connected at their upper ends with a box or casting,
which is termed the upper box of the frame, and at their lower ends with another
box or casting, which is termed the lower box of the frame.
The upper box of the frame has projecting from it parallel necks or hollow
shanks, which are screw threaded, and the upper ends of the back bone tubes are
adjustably connected therewith by sleeve or coupling nuts having right and left
hand threads.
The upper box of the frame has a recess or cavity, the top of which is closed by
a plug or bonnet having an upwardly projecting hub or sleeve wherein is journalled

page_text: the steering spindle, which has fast upon it a sheave or pulley, which is inclosed
within the cavity or recess in the upper box. The cords, wires, or other flexible
connections which pass through the curved back-bone tubes, are passed into the
upper box, and secured to the sheave or pulley, so that the turning of the steering
spindle in one or other direction will exert a pull on one connection, and will pay
out or relieve the other connection.
The brake for acting on the driving wheel is pivotted at one en 1 to, and extends
under the upper box, and its opposite end is curved upwards and backwards, so as
to rest on the box, and constitute a spring for lifting the brake out of contact with
the wheel. The spring may be an integral part of the brake, or attached to it..
A plunger or rod slides within the steering spindle, and by means of a brake handle
arranged adjacent to the steering handle, this plunger or rod may be pushed down
to apply the brake.
The dust guard which covers the driving wheel, and on which the saddle is
supported, is secured at one end to portions of the fixed frame, and at its other end.
is hung by links which depend from the upper box, and give that end of the dust
guard a swinging support, so that the rider will receive less shock and jar from the
wheels passing over a rough road.
The lower box of the frame has sockets which receive the lower ends of the
back-bone tubes, and has a recess or cavity, which is in nearly a horizontal plane,
and is closed at the bottom by a plug or bonnet, which forms a bearing for the
steering wheel shaft.-The box preferably has a bub or sleeve which receives the
steering wheel shaft. This hub or sleeve is closed at the upper end by a screw plug,
against which the upper end of the steering-wheel shaft bears, and which forms an
adjustable thrust bearing therefor. The lower end of the steering wheel shaft is
forked to receive the steering wheel, which is journalled. therein, in the usual
manner.
The flexible steering connections are attached to the sheave on the steering wheel
shaft, and by a pull upon one or the other of them, the shaft and steering wheel
are turned.
In the opposite sides of the lower box of the frame are cavities or recesses closed
by caps, and containing idle wheels or sheaves, under and partly around which
the flexible steering connections are deflected, in order to properly direct them to
the sheave on the steering wheel shaft.-The sheaves at the sides of the lower box
of the frame are loosely journalled upon bolts which pass through the cavities or
recesses of the frame, and serve also to secure the caps in place. The braces or rods
of the frame, which are secured at their one end to the curved guiding links for the
treadle levers, may also have their other ends pivotted by said bolts to the lower
box of the frame.
The bearings for all the parts of the machine may be plain cylindric bearings,
but it is preferred to provide ordinary ball bearings for the several rotary parts,
and nuts whereby such bearings may be adjusted to compensate for wear.
In lieu of the metallic bands or other flexible connections between the treadle
lever and clutch drum, toothed gearing may be employed, the clutch drum being
provided with gear teeth on its periphery, and the treadle lever with a rack gearing
therewith.
Instead of flexible steering connections being fastened to sheaves on the steering
spindle, and steering wheel shaft, the said spindle and shaft may be provided with
pinions, and the connections may consist of curved rods extending through the
tubes, and having racks at their ends which engage with pinions, and through them
transmit motion to the steering wheel shaft.
Instead of providing an adjustable connection between the upper ends of the
back bone tubes and the upper box of the frame, such adjustable connection may
be between the lower ends of the tubes and the lower box of the frame.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is an elevation of such parts of a bicycle
as are necessary to illustrate this Invention. Fig. 2 is a plan thereof, Fig. 3 is an

page_text: end elevation of the machine. Fig. 4 is an axial section of the clutch mechanism
which is upon one side of the driving wheel, and the appurtenances thereof, the
same being upon a larger scale; Fig. 5 is a plan view upon the same scale as Fig. 4,
of a portion of one of the treadle levers and parts whereby it is guided; Fig. 6 is
a sectional view upon the plane of the dotted line xx Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a side view
of one of the clutch mechanisms and appurtenances, upon the same scale as Fig. 4;
Fig. 8 represents a side view of the clutch drum and roller carriage which constitute
parts of the clutch mechanism, and upon the same scale as Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a face
view of the roller carriage referred to; Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the box or
securing device in which are retained the ends of flexible bands which transmit
motion to the clutch drum; Fig. 11 is a side view of the box or connection shewn
in Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a plan view of such box or connection. Fig. 13 illustrates
a side view of a portion of the machine upon a larger scale than Fig. 1, but
shewing the clutch mechanism and its appurtenances adjusted to a position for
driving the machine at its quickest speed; Fig. 13* is a detail view, hereinafter
described; Fig. 14 is a side view similar to Fig. 13, illustrating the parts of the
clutch mechanism adjusted for driving the machine at a slower speed and with an
increased power. Fig. 15 is a side view, upon a larger scale than Fig. 1, of the
upper portion of the fixed frame of the machine and appurtenances, whereby the
parts of the clutch mechanism may be adjusted to different positions; Fig. 16 is a
plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 15 upon the same scale; Fig. 17 is a vertical
section of the upper box of the frame and its appurtenances; Fig. 18 is an elevation
thereof, including a section on the plane of the dotted lines zz Fig. 17; Fig. 19 is
a vertical section of the lower box of the frame and its appurtenances; Fig 20 is a
horizontal section on the plane of the dotted line y y, Fig. 19; Fig. 21 is an elevation
similar to Fig. 7, shewing rack and pinion gearing instead of flexible bands for
transmitting motion from the treadle lever to the clutch drum. Fig. 22 is a vertical
section, and Fig. 23 is a horizontal section of the upper box of the frame, and rack
and pinion gearing, instead of a flexible cord or band, for transmitting motion from
the steering spindle to the steering connections which extend parallel with the
backbone. Figures 24. 25 and 26 are respectively a side elevation, a front elevation,
and a plan, of the lower box of the frame and rack and pinion gearing, whereby
the steering rods or connections transmit motion to the steering wheel shaft.-
Fig. 27 is a side view of portions of a bicycle embodying this Invention in a slightly
modified form. Fig. 28 is a plan of such bicycle. Figures 29 and 30 are detail
views hereinafter described, illustrating portions of the Bicycle shown in Figures 27
and 28; Fig. 31 is a side view of such portions of a tricycle as are necessary to
show a modification of the Invention embodied therein, and Fig. 32 is a plan of
the parts of a tricycle which are shown in Fig. 31.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.
Referring first to the machine shewn in Figures 1 to 20 inclusive, A designates
the driving wheel, and B the smaller steering wheel, which may be of any suitable
construction.
At the top of the wheel A is a box or frame, C, constituting a part of the main
fixed frame of the machine, and from which the curved backbone extends to a box
or frame C¹, in which is journalled the forked shaft C³ of the steering wheel B.-
The curved backbone may be composed of a tube or tubes C3 (two being here
represented), which conform in shape to the circumference of the main driving
wheel A, and which are connected at opposite ends with the boxes or frame
portions C C¹.
In the box or frame portion C of the main frame is mounted a steering-shaft a,
and the connections for transmitting motion from this steering shaft to the forked
shaft C of the steering wheel B may be passed through the tube or tubes C³ of
which the hollow backbone is composed. The steering shaft a has connected with
it a steering handle or cross piece a¹, whereby it may be turned as desired.
D designates the rider's seat, which is mounted above the wheel guard D', as
shown in Figures 1 and 2.

page_text: A desirable construction of the upper and lower boxes C C' of the frame is best
shown in Figures 17. 18. 19 and 20. As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the box C is
open at the top, so as to receive a wheel or hub a' on the spindle a, and is closed
by a cap, in which said spindle is journalled. To the hub or wheel as is to be
fastened a flexible connection or cord c, which joins the two rods or other steering
connections c, which pass through the tubes C.-By turning the spindle a, these
connections will be moved in opposite directions, to transmit motion to the steering
wheel shaft C. The tubes C³ may be connected with necks on the box C by sleeve
nuts c', having right and left hand threads and jam nuts c³, as shown in Figures 15
and 16, whereby provision is afforded for adjustment to maintain the proper tension
in the steering connections c³.
-
The lower box C¹ of the frame, which is shown best in Figures 19 and 20, is
closed at the bottom by a cap c°, and the upper part of the forked steering wheel
shaft is journalled in said cap, and in a sleeve or hub co projecting upward from
the box C'. The sleeve or hub co is closed by a plug c¹¹, which is adjustable to
form a thrust bearing for the upper end of the shaft, and on which is a jam nut-
The plug c is perforated for the introduction of oil, and closed by a cap nut c12-
On the shaft C³, within the box C¹, is a hub or pulley c¹e, to which is fastened the
cord or flexible connection c¹³ between the steering rods or wires c.-The movement
of these rods or wires, in reverse directions, acts through the cord or connection c¹³
to turn the shaft C. The box C¹ has at the sides chambers or recesses c¹ in vertical
planes, and containing pulleys or sheaves c¹³, around which the connection c¹³ passes,
and is deflected in its course to pass to and from the hub c-The sheaves c¹s are
journalled on the bolts c¹, which secure in place caps c¹ for closing the recesses, c¹
and with these bolts may also be connected, braces or rods g¹, which form a part of
the frame, and are hereinafter referred to.
D', Figures 17 and 18, designates the brake which bears on the wheel, and is
pivotted at its one end to the box, C, the other end being curved to form a spring
for lifting the brake out of contact with the wheel A.-A spring made separate
from the brake, and attached thereto; might be employed for the purpose.-The
brake D may be operated by a rod d³ extending through the spindle a, and
operated by a lever d³, as shown in Figures 3. 17. and 18.
The dust guard or wheel guard D' is supported at one end by rods or braces e*,
which are fixed at their lower ends as hereinafter described, and at the other end
is hung by a pair of swinging links d from the box C, these links being
shown in Figures 17 and 18. The dust guard D¹ is attached by screws or
pivots d³ to the lower ends of the links, and the links have in them elongated
openings or slots do, which are rabbetted, as shown in Fig. 18, so that they may
be hooked upon headed studs d projecting from the box C.-The slight vibration
of the links d prevents shocks to the rider if the wheels strike stones or
obstructions, and if the rods were pivotted at their lower ends, the links d
might be unhooked from the studs d, and the dust guard swung over to the
opposite side of the spindle a, the links being then hooked on other studs d',
which are secured on the backbone as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The machine
would then be adapted for running with the large wheel A in front.
The general arrangement of parts whereby rotary motion is imparted to the
driving shaft E of the wheel A, will be understood from Figures 1. 2 and 3, but
for a better understanding of the construction and combination of these several
parts, reference may be had to Figures 4 to 16 inclusive.
Figure 4 represents one end portion of the main shaft or axle E, and one of
the flanges a which constitute the wheel hub, and from which extend wire
spokes a-Upon a portion of the shaft E which projects beyond the flange a²,
is mounted one clutch mechanism, and it will be understood that a mechanism
similar in all respects is mounted upon the other side of the shaft (not here
shown). Like description applies to both clutch mechanisms-The end portion
of the shaft E is screwthreaded as represented at a. Upon the portion of the
shaft adjacent to the flange a² is a thimble or sleeve b, which may be driven

page_text: thereon, and near the outer end of the shaft is a second thimble or sleeve b¹
screwed thereon. Between these two thimbles b, 6¹ is a drum or cylindric hub E',
which is screwed upon the shaft E, and the periphery of which presents a true
cylindric surface 6-This hub or cylinder is inclosed by a roller carriage or
frame of skeleton construction, and outside the roller carriage or frame is a clutch
drum hereinafter described.
The roller carriage or frame consists of two heads or discs c, which are bored
to fit the exterior of the thimbles or sleeves bb', and which are connected by
bridge pieces c¹ extending between them, and holding them at the proper distance
apart. The bridge pieces c¹ have teats or projections c*, which fit holes in the
heads or discs c, and the two heads or discs are secured together by screws c
inserted through one of them, and screwed into the other, as best shewn in
Figures 8 and 9. The screws c¹ serve to bind the two heads or discs c together,
and the pieces c² constitute spacing pieces or blocks to hold the heads or discs
at the proper distances apart.
In the roller carriage above described are mounted a number of rollers, d, five
being here shown. These rollers are arranged at intervals around the periphery,
and their journals fit in notched bearings in the heads or discs c of the roller
frame or carriage. These rollers d rest upon the periphery of the hub or
cylinder E, and their bearings are so formed as to permit of their movement
slightly outward and inward, the journals of the rollers being free from the
bottoms of the notched bearings c³, as shown in Fig. 8.
The clutch drum or barrel has two heads F F', and a cylindric peripherical
portion or rim F2.- As here shown, the head and rim F F are cast integral with
each other, and the head F1 is screwed into the rim F, as shown in Fig. 4, thus
providing for placing a closed clutch drum or barrel over the roller carriage after
the latter is secured in position. The two heads F, F' are bored out to fit the
thimbles or sleeves b b', and can turn thereon.-In the inner surface of the rim or
peripherical portion of the clutch drum, are notches d', which have inclined
surfaces as shown in Figures 8, and each of which receives one of the friction
rollers d. The movement of the clutch drun or' barrel F, F¹, F', in one or the
other direction, will cause one or other of the inclined surfaces of the notches or
rests d¹ to bear against the rollers d, and force them against the hub or cylinder E¹,
and by the further movement of the drum or barrel, the rollers will be clamped
between the said inclined surfaces, and the periphery of the hub E¹, and will cause
the clutch drum or barrel, the roller frame, and the cylinder or hub El with the
shaft to which it is secured, to travel in the same direction.
Upon each side of the clutch drum or barrel above described is a ring or
annular box b³, which surround the sleeves or thimbles b, b¹, and the annular
boxes b³ are provided with annular or concave surfaces 64, and between each
thimble or sleeve and its box, are arranged a number of spherical rollers 65, and
these rollers with the concave surfaces on which they seat, constitute roller
bearings for the shaft E and its thimbles or sleeves b b¹.
F3 designates a yoke or fork of open construction, which partly incloses the
clutch above described, and the two sides of which embrace the box 63, as most
clearly shown in Figure 7, but also in Figure 4.-In the ends of each fork F³ are
set screws e, the ends of which enter conical bearings in the box b³, and by which
the boxes are held against turning.
The fork or yoke F is formed at the side adjacent to the wheel, or the inner
side, with screw-threaded sockets e¹, e, into which are inserted tubes or rods e* e*,
as shown in Figures 1 and 7.-The tube or rod ea, as shown in Fig. 1, is curved
slightly in a vertical plane parallel with the wheel A, and at its upper end is
screwed into a head or coupling es, from which a tube ce extends upward to the
box or frame portion C at the top of the driving wheel.-The lower end of the
tube e is set inward slightly from the upper end of the tube e³, as shown most
clearly in Figures 13 and 13*, and the tubes e³, e serve as side portions of the
main frame, and also an additional purpose hereinafter described.

page_text: From the above description it will be understood that the main frame of the
machine is, through the forks or yckes F3 and the set screws e, supported by the
boxes b³, which constitute a part of the roller bearings.
The end of the outer thimble or sleeve b¹ may be of polygonal form, so that a
wrench may be applied to it for turning it, and outside this thimble or sleeve is
a lock nut b. It will be understood that if the thimble or sleeve, 61, is turned in
a direction to screw it on the shaft, it will tighten the roller bearing between it
and its box, 63, and through the yoke or fork F³ will move the inner box inward,
and so tighten up the inner roller bearing.-Upon the ends of the boxes 63 which
project within the yoke F³, are fitted rings or frames f, the form of which is best
shewn in Figures 4 and 7, each ring or frame having a projecting arm f¹ bifurcated
near its outer end as shown in Fig. 7. The outer ends of the arms f¹ of the rings
or frames f, which are on opposite sides of the clutch, are connected by rods or
studs f, each of which carries anti-friction rollers f³.-The arrangement of the
roller f, on each rod or stud f', will be best understood from Figure 4.-The rod
or stud fhas at one end a fixed collar f*, and is screwed tightly into the arm f¹
of the inner frame f, and projects loosely through a hole in the arm f¹ of the outer
rim f, a nut f being applied to its outer end. Each guide wheel or roller f' is
supported by spherical rollers f*, which form a roller bearing therefor, and these
rollers f work upon a seat formed by nuts applied to the shaft.-The spherical
rollers f for one wheel f³ have their seat upon the fixed collar f*, and a nut or
collar fapplied to the rod or stud f, and secured against turning thereon by a
lock nut f*. The other roller f³ is supported by similar collars f" and a lock
nut f**.
From the above description it will be seen that the nuts or screw-threaded
collars f and their lock nuts f 5*, provide for readily tightening the roller bearings
of the guide wheels or rollers f³, and enable the latter to turn with but little
friction.
G. designates a treadle lever, which is of skeleton construction, as shewn in
Figure 5, and which is a size to slide lengthwise between the peripheries of the
bearing rollers få and the periphery of the clutch drum or barrel F.-To the upper
end of the treadle, lever, G, is applied a foot-pedal, g, and the treadle-lever is
guided by a link or guide G' (best shown in Figures 1. 5. 13 and 14). This link
or guide G contains a curved or arc-shaped slot g¹, the inner faces of which are
rounded or concaved transversely to its length, as shewn best in Fig. 5.-In Fig. 5
is shown also the connection of the treadle lever G, with the link or guide G', and
the manner in which it is guided thereby.-Within the guide is fitted a roller or
wheel g, the periphery of which is rounded transversely to fit the concave faces of
the slot g¹, and through this roller or wheel g³ is passed a pin or bolt g³ having at
The treadle-lever G.
the inner end a head g, and a nut g applied to its outer end.
also has an eye g6, which fits upon the pin g³. Upon the pin g³, adjacent to its
head g', is screwed a nut or collar g', and between a concaved seat formed by the
nut or collar g' and the head g and the concaved seat in the wheel or roller g³, are
a series of spherical rollers g-These rollers form an antifriction bearing on which
the guide roller or wheel g³ may turn as it works in the slotted guide G, and this
roller bearing may be tightened up by tightening the nut or collar g'.-The nut g³
may be tightened to lock upon the pin 9 the parts through which it passes, and
it will then be understood that pressure upon the foot-pedal g. will cause the
treadle-lever to move lengthwise between the guiding wheels or rollers f³ and the
periphery of the drum F, the roller g* running in the slotted link to permit of
such movement-In this way the treadle lever G will be moved from the position
shewn in bold outline in Fig. 13, to the position shewn in dotted outline therein,
and the frame and rollers f. f¹ f³, which guide the treadle lever G, and hold it
against the periphery of the drum F', will be swung from the position shown in
bold outlines in Fig. 13, to that shown in dotted outline.
In order to return the treadle-lever G, after such downward movement, there is
represented a spring G³, which consists of a section of a spiral, and which is shewn

page_text: in Figures 4 and 7.-One end of this spring G³ is passed through and secured by a
nut go to the arm f¹ of one of the rotary frames or rings f, and the other end of
the spring G is passed through and secured by the nut 10 to a lug or ear, fe
which projects horizontally from the inner fork of the yoke F³, as shewn by dotted
lines in Fig. 7. Consequently it will be seen that when the rotary frame f. f¹ and
rollers are turned from the position shewn in full lines Figure 13, and in the
direction of the arrow, to the position shewn by dotted lines in said Figure,
the spring G will be contracted or put under tension, and consequently when
the pressure of the foot is removed from the treadle-lever, the expansive force of
this spring will return the rotary frame f. f1 f³, and by so doing, will carry the
treadle-lever G, back to the position shown by full lines in Fig. 13.-The lug or
ear fo prevents the pivot screws e. in the inner fork of the yoke F³, from being
placed horizontally, and they are placed at diametrically opposite points, as shewn
by dotted lines Fig. 7, in a line which is inclined slightly to the horizontal.
The treadle lever, G. is connected with the clutch drum or barrel F, by two
flexible straps or bands H. H', which are best shewn in Figures 4. 7. 10. 11 and 12.
These straps or bands may consist of phosphor-bronze, steel, or other suitable
material, and their ends are secured in a suitable box or frame, H2, whereby they
are connected with the clutch drum or barrel F, and pass from their point of
connection in opposite directions around the drum or barrel.-The box H³ is a
hollow skeleton structure, (best shewn in Figures 10. 11. and 12', curved on its
inner face to fit the circumference of the drum or barrel F, and provided with
studs or pins h, which enter the drum or barrel, and a screw passing through it
and into said drum or barrel. The ends of the straps or bands H. H' are each
folded or doubled around taper plugs or bases *, and secured by riveting through
them, as shewn best in Fig. 10. A head piece or projection is thus formed on
each band, which is as strong as the band itself, and without in any way weakening
the band.
The box H, has near one end a narrow slot h', through which the band H, is
passed, but will not permit the passage of the enlarged head of the band. At the
side opposite the slot , is an enlarged opening, through which the enlarged
head of the band may be introduced into the box. The box H has, near its other
end, and on opposite sides, a slot h³, and an enlarged opening h³, whereby the
band H may be introduced into and pass from the box H. The construction of
this box H2, as above described, is best shewn in Figures 10. 11. and 12, and when
it is securely fastened to the clutch drum or barrel, as represented in Figure 7, the
bands H. H pass therefrom in opposite directions around said drum or barrel,
and are securely attached to the drum at their ends, so that a pull upon one or
other of them will turn the drum or barrel in one or other direction.
The band H. is carried almost entirely around the circumference of the drum or
barrel F, and has its end attached to the treadle-lever, G, at h*, near the lower end
of the latter, the band having formed upon that end an enlarged head like that
described upon its other end, and by which it is attached to the treadle-lever.
The band H passes from the box H' on the left side of the drum or barrel, F²,
as shewn in Figure 7, and thence extends upward on the treadle-lever, G, to a
point near its fulcrum g³, where it is attached to it in a manner best shewn in
figures 5 and 6. The end of the band H¹ has an enlarged head, composed of
blocks,, around which it is folded, and to which it is rivetted, and this enlarged
head is held in a socket g". The treadle lever G is provided at one side with an
inwardly-extending lug or projection g¹³, through which is inserted a set screw g¹³,
and beneath which is a saddle piece g¹, on which the point of the set screw
impinges, and which bears upon the band H. It will therefore be understood,
that by tightening the set-screw g¹³, and pressing the saddle-piece g₁ upon the
band H, said band will be tightened to take up any stretch or wear therein, and
as the bands H H¹ pass around the clutch drum or barrel in opposite directions,
the taking up of the slack in the band H¹ will tighten both of said bands.

page_text: From the above description it will be understood, that when the treadle lever G
is moved downward from the position shown in full lines, Fig. 13, to that shown
by dotted lines therein, the draught upon the band H, will turn the clutch drum
or barrel F in the direction of the arrow Figure 13, and will, through the clutch
mechanism before described, turn the shaft E and driving wheel A in the same
direction. The spring G will thus be put under tension, and as soon as the
pressure on the treadle-lever is removed, will move the treadle-lever upward to its
first position, and by the draught upon the band H¹, will produce a reverse rotation
of the clutch drum or barrel F.
On the lower end of the treadle-lever, G, is a projection G*, which forms a stop
to limit the upward movement of the lever, and also serves as a step for mounting
the machine. A cushion or block of rubber, G**, may be placed above the
projection G, to deaden its striking force on the frame f.f¹. It is preferred to
employ an adjustable connection between the side of the roller frame within the
clutch barrel, and the clutch barrel itself, as shewn in Figure 7.
H³ designates a segmental link or plate having in it slots ho ho. In the side of
the clutch-barrel or drum is fixed a stud bolt ³, and by tightening a nut thereon,
the link or plate H³ may be held in any position desired relative to the barrel or
drum. In the side of the barrel or drum, is also a segmental slot, h³, through
which passes a pin c projecting from the side of the centre roller frame, and said
pin passes through and works in the slot he in the plate or link H.-The plate or
link may be so set relatively to the clutch drum or barrel, that it will permit either
one of the inclined sides of the notches d¹ to act upon the clutch roller d, but will
not permit the opposite sides of the notches to come in contact with said rollers,
and hence, by shifting the plate or link H³, in one or other direction, the clutch
mechanism may be set for moving either forward or backward.
Fig. 7 also shews a small wire spring 19, which bears upon the pin c', and exerts
enough friction thereon to prevent the idle movement of the roller frame within
the clutch-barrel.
By the movement of the treadle-lever G, from the position shewn in bold lines
in Figure 13, to that shewn in dotted lines in said Figure, the clutch drum or
barrel will be rotated a distance corresponding to the change in position between
the roller-supporting rings or frames ff1, from the position shown in bold outline
in Fig. 13, to that shewn in dotted outline, and the said drum or barrel will be
turned a further distance equal to the movement of the treadle-lever G lengthwise
between the rollers f³ and the drum or barrel F-In other words, the drum or
barrel F will be turned about one quarter of a revolution by the movement of
the treadle-lever from one position to the other, (shown in Fig. 13), and will
receive an additional movement, due to the lengthwise movement of the treadle-
lever, G, downward and inward between the rollers, f³ and the drum or barrel F.
This increase of motion given to the clutch mechanism is due to the slotted link G¹
being excentric to the driving axle E, and to the fact that as the treadle-lever is
pushed downward, its fulcrum moves inward toward the axle E.-The link G¹
when adjusted to the position shown in Fig. 13, is adapted for the quickest speed
of the machine.
The link or guide G¹ has, at its upper end, an eye g¹³, and also has a rod or
arm g¹ connected to it at its upper and lower ends, and working through an eye
in the ear fe projecting from the yoke F³. The link or guide G¹, is also supported
by a rod or brace g¹ extending from the box or frame C³, and attached to the link
at about the middle of its length. The link is thereby supported so that it may
be raised and lowered and maintained in its proper plane.-If the link is lowered
to the position shewn in Fig. 14, in which its slot will be concentric with the
axle E, then the treadle lever G. will have no lengthwise movement between the
rollers and the clutch drum or barrel F³, and said clutch'drum or barrel will
receive only, about one quarter rotation, or only that due to the change in position
of the treadle-lever from that shown in full lines in Figure 14 to that shewn by

page_text: dotted lines in said figure.—This will adapt the machine for operation with greater
power, and at a less speed, as is required on an ascending grade.
Not only can the guide G¹ be adjusted to the two positions shewn in figures 13
and 14, but it may be adjusted to any intermediate position, and as the link or
guide is moved from the position shewn in Fig. 13 to that shewn in Fig. 14, the
speed will be decreased, and power gained in a degree corresponding to the change
in position of the guide.
By moving the guide G¹ down still further from the position shewn in Fig. 14,
or so that the centre from which the arc of the guide is struck, is below the
driving axle E, the speed at which the machine may be driven will be still further
decreased.
It will be observed that the portion of the treadle lever, G below its fulcrum g³
is curved or bent, but it might be straight. One advantage of having it curved is,
that the treadle-lever G, then has less friction on the circumference of the clutch
drum F⁹.
Inasmuch as the bearing which the fulcrum of the treadle-lever, G, has in the
guide G' is in the inner side of the lever, there would be a tendency to throw
the lower end of said lever outward.-The arrangement of the returning band II¹,
on the outer side of the lever counteracts this tendency, for by tightening this
band, the outer end of the fulcrum pin g³ will be pulled down, and the lower end
of the lever thrown inward.
The mechanism for adjusting and holding the guide G¹ in different positions
will now be described, such mechanism being shown in Figures 1. 2. 3. 13. 13*. 14.
15 and 16.
•
As before stated, the tubes e have their upper ends secured in the box or frame
portion C, and have their lower ends secured in the coupling pieces e³, which
connect the tubes e³ e. Through these tubes extend rods or wires 1, attached at
their lower ends to the eyes g₁ of the guide G¹, as shewn in Fig. 13*, and extend
upward above the tubes e, and above the box or frame portion C, as best shown
in Fig. 15. The box or frame portion C, is provided with upwardly-extending
lugs or bearings j, in which is journalled a cross pin or shaft I, as shewn in Fig. 16.
To the opposite ends of the shaft I are attached segmental frames or sectors I,
which are made fast to the shaft, and have grooved or recessed faces. To the
portion of each rod i which projects above the box C, are attached two wires or
flexible connections, ¹. The wire or flexible connection 2, is attached near the
upper end of the rod, and rests in a groove formed lengthwise of the rod, and its
lower end is attached by an eyebolt to the ear j*, projecting from the sector or
frame I'. The flexible connection also rests in a groove in the rod i, and is
attached to the rod at one end, its other end being attached to the upper portion
of the sector I¹.
Connected with one of the sectors I', as shewn in Figure 16, is a socket i³, into
which is screwed a handle and clamping screw 1, and the end of this screw bears
against a saddle piece it, the face of which is concaved to fit the exterior of one of
the bearings or lugs j. During the operation of the machine on level ground, the
screw-handle I, is tightened, so as to force its saddle-piece against the bearing, j,
and thereby holds the rods i, and the guides G², in fixed position. On reaching an
ascending grade, the rider may take hold of the handle 12, and by unscrewing it,
release the saddle-piece from pressure, and may, by said handle, then turn the
shaft I and the sectors 11, raising or lowering the rods i. and the guides G' to the
desired degree. By then turning the handle I, the saddle-piece it is clamped upon
the bearing f, thereby securing the rods i and guides G¹ against accidental
It will therefore be seen, that the handle I*, serves both as the
means of adjusting the guides, G¹, and as the means of securely clamping them
in position.
movement.
În Figures 21. 22. 23. 24. 25 and 20, are represented modifications of this
Invention, in which toothed gearing is substituted for the flexible steering
connections and the flexible driving bands H H¹ before described.

page_text: In Figure 21 is represented the clutch drum F, F', as provided with a circle of
gear teeth m, thereby forming a gear wheel, with which engages a rack m¹ on the
treadle-lever G, the toothed gearing being employed as a substitute for the flexible
bands H H before described.
In figures 22 and 23 is shewn the upper box, C of the frame as mortised or
slotted at n, to receive racks n¹, which engage opposite sides of a pinion n' on the
spindle a, and are connected with the steering rods or wires o. In this con-
struction, the backbone C consists of a single tube, and the rods or wires cⓇ are
fitted to guides n³ at opposite sides thereof, as shown in Figures 24 and 25, which
represent a modified construction of the lower box C¹ of the frame.-In this
construction, the box C¹ is slotted or mortised at n to receive racks n', which are
connected with the steering rods or wires ce, and engage opposite sides of a
pinion n-Concentric with the pinion, and rotating as one piece therewith, is a
bevel pinion no, which engages a similar bevel pinion n7 on the steering wheel
shaft C.
In Figures 27 to 30 inclusive, is illustrated a modification of the Invention,
which will now be described.-A, B, desiguate the wheels, C the upper box or
frame portion, from which extends a curved hollow backbone C³, composed of a
single tube.-D designates the saddle, and D¹ the wheel guard on which it is
supported. E designates the main driving shaft, having applied to it clutch
mechanism substantially like that before described. From the yoke F3 by which
the main frame is supported on the roller bearings, arms of frame portions et e1*
extend upward above the wheel, and rods or braces e extend rearward, and are
connected by a link or swinging suspension device e³ with the collar el clamped
to the backbone C³, as shown in Figure 29.-The steering wheel shaft and fork C'
is connected by a brace rod ell with the yoke F³-The steering shaft C* extends
upward into the lower end of the backbone C³, and is connected by a pin j¹ and
spiral slot with the curved rod or shaft C* extending through the hollow back-
bone. The rod or shaft C** is provided with antifriction rollers j³, which are
mounted in slots in the rod, as shown in Figure 30, and which prevent friction
between the rod and the tube Cs when the rod is moved endwise.-By an endwise
movement of the rod C*, the slot will be caused to act on the pin j¹, and will
thereby turn the steering fork C and steering wheel B.-The steering shaft a,
which surmounted by a handle a¹, fits loosely in the end of the rod C**, which
projects beyond the backbone C³, and has arms a*, which are connected by a
link to a fixed point on the box or frame portion C-The pivotted connection
between the arms a* and the link n³ forms a fixed fulcrum for the steering shaft,
and by pressing upon one end or the other of the handle a¹, the rod C will be
moved lengthwise in one direction or the other, and will shift the steering wheel B
and fork C
In this example of the Invention, the treadle lever G is pivotted at its upper
end to a second lever G³ supported at its opposite end by the link or suspendere,
and to the pivotal connection of the levers G G³ is attached a treadle bar j*
surmounted by a pedal g. By the action of the feet upon the pedals g, the
levers G G will be moved from the position shown in full lines Figure 27, to the
position in which they are in line, as shown by dotted lines in said Figure.
If desired, the driver's seat may be arranged over the backbone, as shewn by
dotted lines in Figure 27, or on the opposite side of the steering shaft, and in such
case the levers will, by the operation of the pedals, be moved from the position
shown by dotted lines Figure 27, in which they are in line, to the lowermost
position shown by dotted lines in said figure.
In Figures 31 and 32 is represented as much of a tricycle as is necessary to
illustrate this Invention applied thereto.-A designates the driving wheels, and
B the steering wheel. G₁ designates a slotted arc-shaped guide, which is guided
at k k upon curved portions of the frame C*-With the upper end of the guide G¹
is connected a handle and lever and links ', forming a toggle joint.-D designates
the seat, and G the treadle levers, each having a moveable fulcrum g³, which

page_text: works in the guide G.-The pedals g are in this case placed directly upon these
movable fulcra, and by the movement of the pedals, the treadle levers G are
caused to operate a clutch mechanism similar to that before described, and mounted
on the driving axle E. By the handle / and the toggle levers 7, the guides may be
moved upward and forward from the position shown in full lines in Figure 31, to
that shown by dotted lines in said Figure, and as the toggle links are then
nearly straight or in line, they will sustain the slotted guides G¹ in their new
position. By means of the handle and the links, the slotted guide G¹ may be
shifted to, and held in any position between those shown by full and dotted lines
in Figure 31, thus providing for decreasing the speed and increasing the power,
as may be desired.
Although only shown in connection with velocipedes, it is obvious that this
improved clutch mechanism may be used with other foot power vehicles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :--
1. The combination with the main driving wheel and the cylindric hub turning
with the wheel, of a clutch drum provided with inclined surfaces on its inner
circumference, and a roller frane carrying rollers which are opposite the inclined
surfaces of the drum, and bear on the hub, a treadle lever and a flexible connection
attached to the lever and drum, and winding on the drum, whereby the movement
of the lever will produce a pull on the connection to turn the drum, substantially
as herein described.
2. The combination with a driving wheel and a cylindric hub turning therewith,
of the clutch mechanism consisting of the clutch drum with inclined surfaces and.
the roller frame with its rollers, a treadle lever, and flexible connections passing in
opposite directions around the drum, and attached to the drum and lever, as
described, and a spring for returning the lever and drum, after operation, substan-
tially as herein described.
3. The combination with the axle E and the cylindric hub turning therewith, of
the clutch drum and enclosed roller frame constructed as described, flat metallio
bands H H attached to, and passing around the drum in opposite directions, a
treadle lever to which the bands are attached, and a spring for returning the drum
and lever after operation, substantially as herein described.
4. The combination with the clutch drum, of the box H2 constructed as described,
and secured to the periphery of the drum, and the flat metallic bands having at
the ends, heads or enlargements which are engaged with said box, substantially as
herein set forth.
.
5. The combination with the clutch drum, the treadle lever, and the flexible
connections attached to the drum and lever, and passing around the drum, as
described, of the saddle and tightening screw g¹ ga on the lever, for taking up
slack in both connections, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with the axle E and the hub E¹, the roller frame, and clutch
-drum, of the slotted plate or link H³, adjustably secured to the clutch drum, and
receiving a stud c* projecting from the roller frame, whereby the relative move-
ment of the clutch drum and roller frame may be varied, substantially as herein
described.
7. The combination with an axle and clutch mechanism comprising the clutch
drum, of a treadle lever connected with the clutch drum for operating it, and the
oscillating roller frames and rollers ƒ ƒ¹ƒ³, for supporting the lever, substantially
as herein described.
8. The combination with the oscillating frames or rings ff and threaded pins ƒ³,
of the rollers f³, the pairs of adjustable nuts or collars f5, and antifriction rollers f*
between the pairs of nuts or collars and the rollers ƒ³, substantially as herein
described.

page_text: 9. The combination with the axle E and non-rotary boxes b*, supported by ball
bearings, of the yokes connected by pivots e with the said boxes, and supporting
the frame of the machine, whereby both bearings may be tightened simultaneously
by one adjustment, substantially as herein described.
10. The combination with a driving wheel or shaft, of a treadle lever having a
swinging movement on its pivot or fulcrum, a guide preferably of arc shape or
curved form along which the fulcrum of the lever is movable during its swinging
movement, and connections through which the lever transmits motion to the wheel
or shaft during its movement along the guide in one direction, substantially as
berein described.
11. The combination with a driving wheel or shaft, of the treadle lever having
a swinging movement on its fulcrum, a guide along which the fulcrum of. the lever
is movable, supports on which the said guide may be adjusted upwards and
downwards, and secured in different positions relatively to the axis of the wheel or
shaft, and connections through which the treadle lever transmits motion to the
wheel or shaft during its movement in one direction along the guide, substantially
as berein described.
12. The combination with the swinging treadle lever and the guide along which
the fulcrum of the lever is movable during its swinging movements, of supports
for the guide and connections extending from the guide upwards to the top of the
machine, whereby the rider may, without leaving his seat, adjust the guide
upwards and downwards relatively to the axis of the driving wheel, substantially
as herein described.
13. The combination with the swinging treadle lever, of the curved and slotted
guide G, along which the fulcrum of the lever is movable during its swinging
movements, the fulcrum being preferably provided with a roller fitting the slot in
the guide substantially as herein described.
14. The combination with a driving wheel or shaft and clutch mechanism for
operating it, comprising a clutch drum having a reciprocating rotary motion, of a
swinging treadle lever and connections between it and the drum for operating the
drum, and a guide along which the fulcrum of the lever is movable during its
Bwinging movement, substantially as herein described.
15. The combination with the slotted guide G¹, of the pin g³ forming the
fulcrum of the treadle lever G, and a roller g* fitting the slot in the guide, and
having a roller bearing support on said pin substantially as herein described.
16. The combination with the treadle levers and their guides G¹, movable
upwards and downwards, of rods extending from said guides to the top of the
machine, and preferably arranged in tubular portions of the frame, and sectors and
flexible connections through which said rods and guides may be raised and lowered,
substantially as herein described.
17. The combination with the adjustable guides and the treadle levers having
their fulcrums movable on the guides, of the tubular frame portions eo on which
the guides are adjustable, and rods for raising and lowering the guides extending
through the frame portions e, substantially as herein described.
18. The combination with the swinging treadle levers and the curved guides G¹
on which the lever fulcrums are movable, of rods i extending upwards from the
guides to the top of the machine, the sectors I¹, and flexible connections between
them and said rods, and a threaded handle I serving both to turn and lock the
sectors, substantially as herein described.
19. The combination with the upper box C and the lower box C, of the curved
tubular backbone extending between them, and a sleeve nut or nuts having right
and left hand threads, whereby the tubular backbone is connected with one of
said boxes, substantially as herein described.
20. The combination with the upper box C, of a plug or cap closing the open
top thereof, and the steering spindle fitting a bearing in the plug or cap, and
having fast upon it, within the box, a wheel or hub for operating the steering
connections, substantially as herein described.

page_text: 21. The combination with the upper box C and a tubular steering spindle
journalled therein, of a brake pivotted at one end to the box, and having at the
other end a spring bearing on the box for lifting the brake, and a sliding rod in
the said spindle for operating the brake, substantially as herein described.
22. The combination with the upper box O and the wheel guard D', of frame
portions e supporting one end of the guard, and swinging links d, whereby the
opposite end of the guard is hung from said box, substantially as herein described.
23. The combination with the lower box C¹ having an upwardly projecting
sleeve or hub, and closed at the bottom by a cap, of a steering wheel shaft
journalled in said sleeve or hub and cap, and provided within the box with a
wheel or hub on which the steering connections operate, substantially as herein
described.
24. The combination with the box C¹ having the upwardly projecting sleeve or
hub oo, of the steering wheel shaft journalled therein, and the adjustable plug cl
forming a thrust bearing for the shaft, and preferably perforated and provided
with a cap nut, substantially as herein described.
25. The combination with the box C¹, having recesses or chambers c¹ closed by
caps c18 secured by bolts c¹, of the sheaves c¹ journalled on said bolts, and the
rods or braces g17 supported at one end by said bolts, substantially as herein
described.
26. The combination with treadle levers G and connections through which they
operate the driving wheel A, of the guides G¹ for the fulcrums of the treadle levers,
the lower box C¹ and rods or braces 917 connecting said guides and box, substan-
tially as herein described.
•
27. The combination with the driving wheel A and clutch mechanism, comprising
drums F F, having a reciprocating rotary motion, of treadle levers G connected
by toothed gearing with said drums, and an oscillating frame provided with rollers
for supporting said levers, substantially as herein described.
28. The combination with the upper and lower boxes C C³, and curved back-
bone, of a steering spindle and a steering wheel shaft journalled in said boxes, and
steering connections extending between the boxes, and connected by toothed
gearing with the said spindle and shaft, either or both, substantially as herein
described.
Dated 10th J
1000