Year: 1886

page_text: I, JAMES HARTLEY of Brooklyn, King's County and State of New York, in the
United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has relation to steam and analogous Boilers and chiefly to that
class known as Sectional Boilers, but some of my improvements are applicable in
boilers of any class whether employing the sectional part or not.
My improvements consist in certain new and useful peculiarities of construction,
relative arrangements or combinations of parts, and principles of operation as will
be herein first fully described and then pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification Figure 1 is a
sectional elevation of a boiler constructed in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2 is a front end elevation and
Figure 3 a rear end elevation of half the boiler shown in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation showing the side plate of the ash pit with trough
in which the lowermost of side tubes are located.
Figure 5 is an elevation and
Figure 6 a plan showing the bridge well below the sectional part of the boiler.
Figure 7 represents detail views of the clamps employed for sustaining fire bricks
or refractory material upon the tubes for forming fire walls or other divisions in
the sectional parts of the boiler.
Figures 8 and 9 are elevations indicating arrangements of tubes and
Figure 10 a plan of tubes with spaces between them.
A, A, are the side tubes of the boiler having cylindrical ends by which they are
secured in the corner boxes by expanding the ends, and provided with offsets
between the cylindrical ends as represented at a, a, the said offsets being intended
to bear against the adjacent tube and thereby form close vertical walls or sides of
the boiler. The top or roof of the boiler is composed of similarly formed tubes
represented at B, B, the same being connected with horizontal end boxes C, C,
similar in form with the front and rear corner boxes D, D.
The boxes are provided with hand holes as E, E, through which the ends of two
tubes can be reached, the hand holes being intended to be closed by hand hole
plates like those employed in the end boxes of the sectional part and represented
t H, H.
To prevent the formation of pockets within which steam may be trapped in the
side tubes the offsets (at front only) are preferably formed as indicated in Figure 1.

page_text: so that the top line of union with the cylindrical end is horizontal or nearly so, and
not curved as in Figure 10. Or by turning the offsets down as indicated in
Figures 2 and 3 the formation of pockets will be obviated. The offsets may be
turned either up or down, or some of them up and some down. E is the bottom
tube of the series, and this may be cylindrical throughout its whole extent, or,
provided with an offset.
E is a tube located at or about the water line and this has a double offset so
that it may touch a tube below and also a tube above, so that the wall or side shall
be unbroken.
The offsets upon the corner tubes are turned inwardly, so as to touch the roof
tubes, and the roof tubes are arranged in any suitable way. In the example shown
one of the roof tubes B¹ is cylindrical throughout.
Upon the roof and sides any light covering of nonconducting material may be
employed. Within the sectional part of the boiler it is desirable also to prevent
the lodgment of steam within the tubes, and to obviate as far as possible the
accumulation of ashes and dust upon the tubes as well as to arrange them in such
manner that they may be easily and quickly cleaned of such accumulations.
G, G, are the tubes employed in the sectional part, each having an offset between
the cylindrical ends. These tubes may be staggered in pairs (Figure 8) or arranged
so that the offsets in one horizontal row shall lie in one direction and in the next
row in the opposite direction (Figures 2 and 3) or as in Figure 9; and in order to
afford egress of steam from each tube without danger of any being trapped in the
tube, the offsets are turned upon the tubes G, so that the apices of the offsets
shall lie a little below the horizontal lines through the centres of the cylindrical
ends.
The heat or flame striking the underside of one tube is deflected to another in a
manner which will be readily understood and which will be found effective in
utilizing the heat. The tubes being arranged with their upper surfaces inclined
downwardly, ashes etcetera will tend to fall off rather than accumulate thereon, so
that the exterior of the tubes are to a certain extent self cleaning.
Between any two tubes ample space is afforded for the ashes to fall through,
and yet not so great a space as to seriously interfere with the necessary deflection
of the flame.
When necessary to clean the exteriors of the tubes the accumulations thereon
can be easily brushed or blown or washed down between the spaces between the
tubes.
It will be observed that the curvature of the upper or highest part of the tube
coincides with the upper or highest part of the cylindrical ends, and thus egress of
steam from the tubes takes place the same as if the tubes were cylindrical through-
out and there is no danger that steam will be trapped in the tube.
Gare cylindrical tubes connecting the front end boxes of the sectional part
with the water drum E at the rear.
Over these tubes or any part thereof fire clay or other refractory material may
be placed to prevent the passage of flame.
To gain access to the interior of the boiler the water drum H is supplied with
two manhole plates, one, H¹ secured in place upon the interior of the drum by the
usual bridge h and bolt h¹, and another H2 also located upon the interior of the
drum, but having the bridge h and holding screw ha arranged upon the interior
instead of upon the exterior. The interior of the drum is reached through the
manhole covered by the plate H₁, and the interior of the boiler is reached through
the manhole covered by the plate H2, which can be detached and replaced from
the interior of the drum. The steam drum I is likewise furnished with two inan-
hole plates, one secured by a bolt accessible from the exterior and the other by a
screw accessible from the interior of the drum.
Through the steam drum access is had to that part of the boiler above the
tubes G², and through the water drum access is had to that part below G². This

page_text: arrangement enables the interior of the boiler to be reached without dismounting
any part of the walls thereof and without detracting from the security of the
boiler.
Fire walls or divisions are erected at any suitable points within the boiler as at
KK, for the purpose of directing the flame and the products of combustion so as to
insure the economical use of the heat. These may be arranged in a variety of
forms. The particular construction of these walls is most plainly indicated in
Figure 7 A, k are firebricks or pieces or blocks of refractory material which are
designed to be applied upon the tubes to form the fire walls or divisions. To
secure these bricks or blocks in place they are each supplied with a metallic piece k¹
connected in any suitable manner with the brick, preferably by dovetails k². Upon
each plate is a tang k³ perforated to receive a bolt . A projection upon one
tang enters a corresponding recess in the opposite tang which insures a proper
location of the two tangs, but this projection may be omitted.
The bricks are formed so as to fit the curvature of the tubes, one tube in Figure 7
being shown as provided with the offset and the other being cylindrical to indicate
that the bricks may be applied to tubes of any contour.
The bricks are properly located upon the sides of the tubes and locked in place
by use of the bolts
By a series of these bricks the division walls are built up at any point within
the boiler and thus the walls are made up of small sections any one of which may
be detached and repaired as may be required.
At the end of the fire box and below the sectional part of the boiler is the bridge
wall L. This is made up of a heavy cast iron piece extending from the base of the
boiler to the proper height and provided with a series of T-shaped flanges or
ribs which serve to sustain the fire bricks or other refractory material against
which the flame impinges. These bricks or the material may be removed and
renewed whenever required.
In the part of the bridge wall below the grate surface is an aperture closed by a
door through which access to the part of the boiler in rear of the bridge wall
may be gained. M, M, are the side walls of the ash pit. These may be made of
cast or wrought metal. They are each provided with a trough or recess m for
receiving the lowermost tube of the series of side tubes. The curvature of the
trough corresponds with the curvature of the tube so that the side wall of the
structure shall be sufficiently tight and close throughout. The tubes G² which
connect the front end boxes of the sectional part with the water drum at the rear
are inclined upwardly towards the drum H as shown in Figure 1. To connect
these tubes with the drum, I supply the drum with an offset o of which the
face towards the tubes G2 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axes
of the said tubes, and this face is perforated to receive the ends of the tubes and
the tubes are secured thereto by expanding the ends within the offset o.
The opening in the shell of the drum which communicates with the interior of
the offset would weaken the drum if not suitably stayed, I therefore supply the
drum with a number of interior stays represented at o¹ which are riveted to the
shell of the drum. These are so arranged as to permit access to the ends of
the tubes G2 between the stays as indicated in Figure 3 and at the same time
permit the necessary circulation of water and steam.
The boiler may be provided with two fire compartments one on each side of a
vertical central wall made up of tubes having offsets between their ends the same
as the side walls.
In like manner any number of fire compartments can be formed in one boiler
structure.
Openings may be provided for escape of smoke etcetera at any desired point by
constructing the tubes as indicated in Figure 10. Steam is taken from drum I by
any suitable connections.
Qis a door or stopper in the rear fire wall. R is a wind drum.
At b is a small aperture through which the steam drum may be drained,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1st. In a boiler the side tubes having offsets between their cylindrical ends, the
offsets being arranged substantially as explained so as to obviate trapping of steam
within the tubes.
2nd. The water and steam drums, the side tubes having offsets, top tubes, and
corner columns, combined and arranged substantially as explained.
3rd. The wrought metal tubes having cylindrical ends of unequal lengths and
offsets between the ends, arranged to leave open spaces between the tubes, substan-
tially as shown.
4th. The combination with the water drum, of the two manhole plates and the
securing devices, the securing device for one plate being located outside of
the druin and that for the other plate located inside of the drum for the purposes
set forth.
5th. In a steam boiler the combination with the steam drum of the two manhole
plates and the securing devices, the securing device for one plate being located
outside of the drum and that for the other plate located inside the drum for the
purposes set forth.
6th. In a sectional boiler, the combination with the tubes of the sectional part,
of the fire walls or divisions formed of separate blocks or pieces located in place
upon the tubes by means of bolts and plates secured to the blocks or pieces.
7th. The walls of the ash pit provided with troughs to receive the lowermost
tubes of the boiler walls.
Sth. The steam drum provided with an offset for receiving the ends of the
inclined tubes communicating with said drum, and the interior stay pieces combined
with said drum.
9th. In a sectional boiler, the tubes of the sectional part having offsets and
cylindrical ends, said tubes being arranged so that clearing space shall be afforded
between consecutive tubes and so that the apices of the offsets upon the tubes
shall lie in or below the horizontal lines through the centres of the cylindrical ends,
as explained.