matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF BLEACHING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1866. A communication from abroad by John Jordan Eckel,
Isaac Smith Schuyler, and James Waring Gillies, all of New York, in
the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF BLEACHING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to the bleaching of fibrous substances and fabrics
manufactured therefrom, but it is more especially designed for bleaching straw
and flax and hemp fibre for paper stock.
The fibre or fabric is first washed in the following solution to deprive it of
all dirt and grease:-To about thirty-six gallons of water add of potash or
caustic soda, say 10 lbs., and of chloride of sodium (salt) 3 lbs., or an equiva-
lent amount of ox gall; boil the stock or fibre in the liquid for about thirty
minutes, and then express the liquid and save it for repeated use ; .afterwards
wash the stock or fibre in clean or pure water.
The bleaching is effected as follows:-To thirty-six gallons of water add of
chloride of lime about 15 lbs., and of sulphuric acid 18 oz. The acid is to be

page_text: added gradually. The bleaching liquid is to be well stirred, and the cleansed
stock or fibre placed therein in small quantities at a time, say twenty pounds
of the stock or fibre being kept submerged.
Instead of sulphuric acid muriatic acid may be used; other acids might
also be used, and for the alkali wash liquid potassa may be used instead of
the caustic soda, and spirits of ammonia instead of the spirits of wine;
these substitutes being used about in the same proportion as the substances
first named.
The liquid potassa admits of the solution being used cold, that is to say,
no boiling will be required, and that in many cases is a great advantage,
economizing in time and avoiding the expence of furnaces and boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING VESSELS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dundas Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1866.
I, WILLIAM DUNDAS SCOTT, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING VESSELS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its essential object, 1stly, the raising to the original
plane of flotatien of vessels or ships which have been sunk; 2ndly, the
emersion of such craft as may require repairs or external examination.
In carrying out the first part of the Invention a strong iron frame is pro-
vided, and this is constructed so as to fit around the vessel's bottom. The
frame is provided at one end with a strong hinge, whilst the opposite end is
tapered to receive a ring cramp. The sides of the frame are fitted with
pontoon attachments, consisting of ring bolts; these pontoons being provided
with drop hooks which being drawn through the rings, catch therein, and in
this way, as several pontoons or floating chambers are drawn down sufficient
force is conserved to raise the sunken vessel, which is brought to the surface
resting in the framework. By this means the undergirding of sunken vessels
is avoided, and the snapping or breaking of the chains or ropes as they are
drawn tight on the edge of the keel is prevented, whilst the vessel itself is also
raised in less time than formerly.

page_text: The process of lowering the framework is rendered self-acting on account
of the required depth of immersion being previously ascertained, and allowing
sufficient length of rope between the frame and floating chambers, so that the
frame may be floated out at once to the vessel which has to be raised,
and around which it is made secure by a cramp being placed over the taper
ends.
Under the second head of this Invention that which has above been
described as a framework with pontoon attachments is now made a pontoon
proper, and fitted with sluice valves, by which being opened water is admitted
and the pontoon sunk to any depth required. In applying this second part
of the Invention to raising vessels out of the water the pontoons are brought
round the vessel and the water pumped out, so that the vessel is speedily
lifted out of the water, being held by the pontoons gripping the keel, whilst
additional support is given by stays or props resting on the upper part of the
pontoon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS TO BE USED IN THE BUILDING OR CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Simons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1866.
I, WILLIAM SIMONS, of the Town and County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Engineer and Shipbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS TO BE USED IN THE BUILDING OR CONSTRUCTION OF
SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has reference to the application of a bolt of peculiar con-
struction to be used in the structure or building of ships or vessels of that
class known as composite; it also refers to the manufacture of the bolts them-
selves. In making such bolts they are first forged, and the screw thread is
formed on them in the usual manner, and instead of leaving the body of the
bolt smooth as hitherto it may be under the present Invention made rough
by indentations, chisel blows, or otherwise, in order that the covering of yellow
metal, copper, or other material in which they are cased may have a more
firm and secure hold thereto. The covering of such bolts is or may be effected
by forming a mould or moulds into which the bolt to be encased is placed,
an annular space being left between the sand and the part of the bolt to be
covered into which the metal or material used for covering is poured. Or in
lieu of casting the metallic covering on to the bolt a piece of metal bas a
hole bored in it of a diameter slightly less than the part or parts of the bolt to
be covered, this piece of metal when bored being heated so as to expand it, at
which time the bolt is placed therein, after which the covering is contracted by

page_text: cooling, and remains firmly fixed to the bolt. In fastening together the various
parts of a ship (in which timber and iron are jointly employed) by bolts of the
afore-mentioned class, the injurious corrosion caused by the contact and
action of sea water between an iron or steel bolt head and the timber are
effectually prevented.
As constituting this Invention, and as novel and original, it is intended to
claim the application of the herein-before mentioned bolts to the building of
composite ships or vessels, and the forming the body parts of such bolts
with rough surfaces, so that the metallic covering may hold more securely
thereto.
A CONCENTRATED MILK FOR FEEDING INFANTS AND INVALIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elise Von Lersner-Ebersburg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1866.-A communication from abroad by Baron Justus
Von Liebig, at Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
I, ELISE VON LERSNER-EDERSBURG, 25, Montpellier Street, Knights-
bridge, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A CONCENTRATED MILK FOR FEEDING INFANTS AND INVALIDS," to
be as follows:-
A certain quantity of wheat flour and fresh cow's milk is boiled for a few
minutes, then allow the temperature to sink to 150° Fahrenheit, and add. a
certain quantity of malt, bicarbonate of potash, and water; keep this mixture
for one hour and a half at a degree of heat equivalent to 150° Fahrenheit ;
then boil again for a few minutes, and strain through a fine hair sieve.
INGREDIENTS.
720 parts of wheat flour.
720
"
21
1440
malt.
bicarbonate of potash.
"
water.
"
12,458
fresh cow's milk.
"
IMPROVED MEANS OF PREVENTING THE SMOKING OF CHIMNIES AND FLUES, AND FOR THE CURING OF SMOKEY CHIMNIES AND FLUES, AND FOR PREVENTING DOWN- DRAUGHT OF CHIMNIES AND FLUES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Jakins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1866.
I, STEPHEN JAKINS, of No. 27, Mornington Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Railway Guard, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MEANS OF PREVENTING THE SMOKING OF CHIMNIES AND FLUES,
AND FOR THE CURING OF SMOKEY CHIMNIES AND FLUES, AND FOR PREVENTING DOWN-
DRAUGHT OF CHIMNIES AND FLUES," to be as follows:-
Atmospheric tubular pipes placed in the chimney, flue, or tall-boy, each pipe
being an air receiver of a funnel or bell mouth-piece, the said pipes being
used in such a number as may be required. Such pipes may be made of zinc
or copper plate, or of other metallic substance, the mouth-piece of such pipes
to open outwards and to be at the end or bottom of such pipes so opening on
the outside of the flue or tall-boy, the mouth-piece of each pipe to be from six
to eight inches in diameter, and the diameter at the top of each pipe to be of
one inch in diameter, and such pipes to be of such lengths as may be required.
Each pipe to be placed inside of the flue or tall-boy and near the side of the
flue or tall-boy, and such pipes must be placed six or eight inches from the
top of the flue or tall-boy. Each pipe to be a little bent or inclined inwards
at the top or small end, so that the air running up the pipes may be discharged
towards the middle or centre of the flue or tall-boy.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR GLOVES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1866.-A communication from abroad by Emile Bertin, of
Paris, France
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of Messieurs Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENING
FOR GLOVES AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
In this fastening a shell is made to cover or uncover the clasp, according
to whether the fastening is to be closed or opened. The construction of the
fastening will be understood by the annexed Drawings. Figures 1, 2, and 3,
are three views of the clasp ✗, the eye a is intended to receive a button which
is secured to the same part of the glove or other article as the clasp; b is an
opening for the introduction of a button secured to the opposite part of the
glove; and c is a recess in which the shank of this button lodges when the
fastening is closed; Figures 4 and 5 show the button g to be introduced
into the opening 6; Figures 6 and 7 show the button d which is attached to
the clasp X, by being passed through the eye a; its shank f is passed through
the eye h of a shell m, Figures 8 and 9; Figure 10 represents the clasp X
and the shell m connected by the button d in such manner that the shell is
free to be moved from the position represented in this Figure, to that repre-

page_text: sented in Figure 11 to secure the fastening, and vice versâ; Figure 12 is a
lateral section of the fastening complete; the shell 6 is supposed to cover the
opening of the clasp X. I prefer to form two indentations in the shell m to
receive the buttons d and g, as represented in Figure 12; Figures 13 and 14
show this fastening applied to a glove..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS, AND IN LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS AND BEARINGS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Bewicke Blackburn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1866.
I, ALEXANDER BEWICKE BLACKBURN, of 25, Hans Place, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS, AND IN LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS
AND BEARINGS OF MACHINERY," to be as follows:—
In preparing lubricating compounds of the materials hereafter mentioned
the proportions may be varied, but I prefer to mix sixteen pounds of glycerine
with a solution formed of one pound of starch or mucilage, such as is obtained
from linseed and other vegetable substances dissolved in water so as to produce
about the same degree of vicidity as the glycerine. To this mixture are added
twenty-four pounds of good lubricating oil (castor oil being preferred) and
also a quantity of soft soap, equal to two per cent. of the whole mixture;
these ingredients are then agitated together till a finely divided emulsion is
formed. In supplying lubricating fluids to a journal or bearings of machinery
a small hole is made in the bottom of the lubricating vessel, into which hole
a pin is inserted fitting the hole loosely and having a spherical and heavy
head which covers the hole. When used in marine engines, or railway
carriages, or other moving machinery, the motion causes the spherical-beaded
loose pin to oscillate freely in the hole, and every oscillation partly uncovers
the hole and allows the lubricator to pass through it and flow down to the
journal or bearing beneath. When in a state of rest no flow takes place.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF APPARATUS FITTING WITHIN EVERY SORT OF CHIMNEY AND PREVENTING ANY SMOKE BEING DRIVEN BACK INTO APARTMENTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
- November .1866.-A communication from abroad by Louis Charlemagne
Bricoteaux and Louis Jules Bricoteaux, of 15, Passage des Petites
Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMBINATION OF APPARATUS FITTING WITHIN EVERY SORT OF CHIMNEY
AND PREVENTING ANY SMOKE BEING DRIVEN BACK INTO APARTMENTS," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Louis Charlemagne Bricoteaux and Louis
Jules Bricoteaux (Father and Son), of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries,
Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
Two uprights are formed (rising from the hearth of the fire-place) with
brickwork; these uprights are to be about 16 inches apart and rising
uniformly to a height of about 3 feet, and producing a depth of from 5 to 6
inches; these uprights will be built against and keyed in the thick back wall
of the chimney, and occupy the whole width of the chimney except the 'width
left between them and run up to the jambs of the said chimney; then starting
from the above-mentioned height (1 yard) continue to raise the same uprights

page_text: in the chimney with the addition of the brickwork in front so as to form in the
body of the chimney a conduit pipe, then fill in with brick, stone, or sheet iron
all the space of the original chimney starting from the height of the shelf;
on one of the sides will however be left a small trap which is raised at will
to allow of the sweeping. The opening above mentioned having a height of
some 3 feet is destined to receive a sheet-iron apron or flap divided into three
equal parts, a special groove must be made for each of these three parts, and a
small wrought iron or brass framing is to be applied against the opening, the
flap or apron is to be raised by means of a chain attached to a stud or ring
on to the lower part of the flap or apron, and another stud or stop is placed at
the base of the framing. The chain will pass behind the apron and raise the
framing by means of two pulleys fixed in the top of the framing, which it
will raise one part after the other to create a draught. The framing will be
maintained in position by a counterweight on the other end of the chain.
The dimensions of all the parts named will be regulated by the size or capacity
of the interior of the original chimney.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFES AND OTHER SIMILAR DEPOSITORIES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION THEREOF
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nicholson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1866.
I, JAMES NICHOLSON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Cashier, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFES AND OTHER SIMILAR DEPOSITORIES, AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION THEREOF," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of rendering safes or other
depositories for valuable articles more secure from burglarious attempts than
hitherto, and the improvements consist in the novel manufacture, construction,
and arrangement of the safe door, which is formed so as to overlap and cover
the edges of the safe upon which the door or doors are closed, that is to say,
the sides of the door or doors are made so as to cover the whole surface or
front of the safe from the hinges to the outer edges, the sides or extremities
of which are provided with projecting pieces, which overlap and enclose the
side and top and bottom plates of the safe.
In the accompanying Diagrams, a, a, is the body of a safe imbedded in the
wall b, the front of the door c is made so as to cover the whole surface or
front of the safe a from the hinges to the outer edges, the sides or extremities
c of the door are provided and constructed with overlapping or projecting
edges d, d, which enclose the side, top, and bottom plates of the safe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBON. OLLS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1865.
1,. JAMES YOUNG, the younger, of Limefield, in the County of Mid Lothian,.
North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBON. OLLS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus to be used in the treatment of
eertain hydrocarbon oils, such as those obtained from the distillation of coal
or shale at a low temperature, and known as paraffin oils, or such as petroleum,
either crude or more or less refined, the object in view being the reduction of
the specific gravity of such oils, and the improvement of their properties for
illuminating purposes.
The apparatus which I propose to employ in the treatment of such oils,.
consists of a closed boiler or distilling vessel of sufficient strength to resist a.
pressure of at least 100 lbs. to the square inch. This vessel having been.
charged with oil, heat is applied thereto, and the vapour of the oil produced
by such application of heat is allowed to pass to the condenser at any regulated
pressure through a pipe provided with a valve loaded to the pressure required;
or a separate tube with regulating stop-cock may be provided for allowing
the vapour to pass to the condensing apparatus. The boiler or distilling
vessel is further provided with a pressure guage for the purpose of indicating
the pressure; provision is also made in the construction of the distilling vessel

page_text: for clearing out or removing from it at intervals the heavy deposits, which if
allowed to remain would seriously interfere with the process of distillation,
and it is evident that the more capable it is of being easily cleaned out the
better.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hynd Norrie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1866.
1, WILLIAM HYND NORRIE, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention essentially relates to the imparting of an improved finish to
textile fabrics such as linen and other cloths, as well as to a new mode of
arranging some of the parts of calendering or finishing machines, whereby
apparatus of this class is rendered capable of finishing the goods in a manner
superior to what has hitherto been done, or assimilating very closely to that
kind of finish produced by the ordinary mangle. The improvements in the
mode of winding on the cloth as well as the improvements in calendering
apparatus by which the afore-mentioned results are produced consist as
follows:-Instead of winding the cloth on the top roller as has been the
practice up to the present time, it is under the present Invention wound on the
second roller, so that when the machine is in operation the cloth is pressed
above by the top roller as well as below by the third roller, this double
pressure or pressure at two places along the roller on which the cloth is

page_text: wound imparts to it an improved finish, the additional pressure produces
greater friction on the cloth, consequently the latter becomes hot, and thus it
obtains the appearance as if finished by the mangle. Other improvements
besides those afore mentioned are obtained by this mode of winding on the
cloth, for instance, whenever it may be required, the machine can be run
backwards for several revolutions and then forward until the requisite finish
is imparted. In order to get off the piece after it is finished the second
roller is attached to the top one by means of rods or chains or otherwise,
which are adjusted with screws so that the top roller first rises and leaves a
clear space between itself and the second, and as both the first and second
rollers are connected together as herein before mentioned, these are ultimately
raised until the second roller is also clear of the third, in which case the
second roller remains suspended. in its journals. The cloth is then wound
off in the usual way. It is further obvious that any number of rollers may be
added either above or below the roller on which the cloth is wound, in which
case the roller for winding on the cloth may be either the second, third, fourth,
or other roller from the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOFING LEATHER, CANVAS, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robert Johnson and Frederick
Gale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd September 1866.
We, JOHN ROBERT JOHNSON, of No. 31, Red Lion Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Chemist, and FREDERICK GALE, of No. 25, Long Lane,
Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Tanner, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOFING LEATHER, CANVAS,
AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in impregnating leather, canvas, or other fabric with
certain new compounds for the purpose of rendering each of such substances
waterproof. The compounds we employ are obtained by mixing resinous
substances, of which good yellow resin or colophony may be taken as the type,
with the crystalline fatty acid, such as stearic acid, or with spermaceti, or
paraffin, or vegetable wax. The resin is added to the substances above
named for the purpose of giving toughness and flexibility. The proportions
of the resin will vary somewhat with each substance named and with the
degree of its purity; it must be added in such quantity that the resulting
compound shall not fuse at a heat within the ordinary range of atmospheric
temperature, say 100 degrees Fahrenheit, but shall readily fuse and become
liquid so as to easily penetrate into the pores of the leather or fabric, but
which in the case of leather we prefer should not greatly exceed 160 degrees
Fahrenheit. The resin must also be added in such quantity that the
crystalline character or brittleness of the fatty bodies named shall be modified
so that the compound shall possess flexibility and toughness, and shall not

page_text: break or crack when the leather or fabric is charged with the compound is
bent or folded. The proportion of the resin to the other ingredients will
therefore depend upon the degree of flexibility required in the leather or fabric,
and the uses to which the leather or any of those substances is to be applied.
We are aware that the fatty bodies we have named or some of them, either
alone or in combination with other substances, have been employed before for
the purpose of waterproofing leather, we do not therefore claim these
substances except when mixed with resins for the purpose of preparing a
compound with the particular properties specified. We are aware also that
resin has entered into the preparation of varnishes or unguents used in water-
proofing, we do not therefore claim the use of that substance except in com-
bination with the fatty bodies of the classes we have defined, and for the
purpose of obtaining the compounds of the nature specified.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Atkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1866.
I, THOMAS ATKINSON, junior, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary machines now in use for wringing there are two rollers
used, of wood, and fixed one over the other, and brought together and pressed
face to face by means of springs.
My improvements consist in adding to the above two rollers a third roller
underneath these two wood rollers (or rollers made of any other substance),
such third roller to be made of india-rubber or any such like substances, this
roller may be made one half the diameter of the two upper rollers. The
rollers will be worked between two side frames by spur wheels and by nut
wheel and handle secured to frame by a stud; these rollers are pressed
together face to face by two levers and weights, which weights are made
adjustable to any pressure required on the rollers by sliding the weights on
such lever to or from the fulcrum. The framing is simple and light, but
standing on a broad base for firmness. The wringing process is performed
between the bottom and second rollers, and so effective is its action that the
united strength of two powerfull men have failed to extract one drop of water

page_text: after passing once through these rollers. The elasticity of the india-rubber
(or other similar roller) prevents breakage of buttons or injury to other
fastenings on clothing. The second and top rollers are used as a mangle, and
any amount of pressure may be given to these rollers by means of the levers
and weights; thus it will be seen that the centre and bottom rollers form a
complete and effective wringing machine, and the centre and top rollers form
a complete and effective mangle. The whole is simple, effective, and not
easily got out of order, it is self-adjusting and requires no alteration, except
where a greater amount of pressure is required for mangling, and then it is
done by simply moving the weights nearer to the end of the lever.
Another great and important feature in my Invention is that my combined
machine for wringing and mangling will cost little more than an ordinary
wringing machine, and being portable is suitable for the smallest cottage or
the largest establishment useing such machines, and may be carried by any two
persons with ease. I do not confine myself to make the upper rollers of wood
as I may and shall if required make them of other substances.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ASSORTING GRAIN AND SEEDS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Kerridge and William Peverett, both of Leiston
Works, near Saxmundham, in the County of Suffolk, Machinists, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ASSORTING GRAIN AND SEEDS."
Sealed the 3rd July 1866, and dated the 8th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Kerridge and
William Peverett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th January 1866.
We, JAMES KERRIDGE and WILLIAM PEVERETT, both of Leiston Works,
near Saxmundham, in the County of Suffolk, Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ASSORTING
GRAIN AND SEEDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to improve the construction of the adjustable
self-cleaning rotary screens now used in assorting grain and seeds, and to
enable them to be set coarser or finer to suit the grain or seed under
treatment while the screen is in operation, and without first requiring to be
emptied and cleaned, an operation which is now necessary, and which causes
great delay in the working of assorting machines.
In carrying out this object we mount upon a rotary shaft an ordinary
screen cylinder (composed by preference of parallel rings of bars), and upon

page_text: the same shaft beyond the ends of this cylinder we mount two wheels which
form the heads for a second and enveloping cylinder. This outer cylinder we
construct of similar and corresponding rings of bars, but divided longitudinally
into sections. The longitudinal bars of the sections extend through slots
formed for them in the heads, and are free to slide therein. One of the
heads is a fixture on the shaft, and the other is free to slide on a key or
feather on its shaft, its position- being regulated by a screw-which passes
through the end framing of the machine, and is connected to a strap which
embraces the boss of the sliding head in a manner that will not interfere with
its rotation. The fixed head is fitted with springs which I
press on the
ends of the longitudinal bars of the outer cylinder and tend to thrust them for-
ward. A counteracting force is produced by means of a spring or an inclined
bar fixed to the frame of the machine and presented to a series of bowles
carried by the sections of the outer cylinder. As, therefore, the screens are
rotated the sections will be shifted so as to bring the bars of the two cylinders
into coincidence or nearer together as required, and thus to free the grain
that may have been caught between them. As this action takes place at
every rotation it will be evident that no brushes or clearers will be required
to disengage imprisoned grains or seeds; neither will there exist any tendency
to crush the grain submitted to the action of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Fisher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1866.
I, NICHOLAS FISHER, of Milton, near Blisworth, in the County of
Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CULTIVATING LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for culti-
vating land. For these purposes when using steam power to move ploughs
and other implements it has for the most part been the practice to
employ the engine at one headland and the anchor carriage at the other
headland, and to move the plough or cultivating implement to and from the
engine; it has, however, been proposed to arrange the machinery in such
manner as to move two ploughs or other implements by a steam engine
situated on and moved along a midland or between two headlands in such
manner that the two ploughs or implements which are actuated by two
drums on separate parallel axes on the engine, may either be both moved
towards the steam engine or be both moved from the steam engine. Now
according to my Invention the machinery is so constructed and arranged.
that in using and giving motion to two ploughs or implements or machines,

page_text: one on each side of the steam engine, one of such ploughs or implements or
machines shall be moved away from the steam engine whilst the other plough
or implement or machine is being moved towards the steam engine. The
steam engine employed is arranged to move midway between the two head-
lands whilst the two anchor carriages move along the headlands. The steam
engine is either locomotive or is arranged to move itself from one end
of the field to the other by winding up a rope or otherwise. The steam
engine is fitted with and drives a drum or double pulley, the shaft or axis
of which it is preferred should be horizontal. Two endless ropes are worked
by this pulley or drum, there being two grooves or recesses in the periphery
for this purpose. The steam engine moves forward a distance for each
"bout," depending on the width of land ploughed or worked at each bout,
and such is the case in respect to the two anchor carriages.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Rudolph Bodmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1866.-A communication from abroad by Paul Sée and Louis
Couvreur, both of Tourcoing, in the Empire of France.
I, LOUIS RUDOLPH BODNER, of 2, Thavies Inn, Holborn, in the City
of London, Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING,"
(a communication from abroad by Paul Sée and Louis Couvreur, both of
Tourcoing, in the Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to certain mechanism connected with the
faller and counterfaller, and by means of which the descent of the faller during
the backing off is effected; and it consists in passing the chain over a pulley
block interposed between the scroll and the lever which actuates the faller
shaft instead of attaching the same directly to the lever, the pulley block being
suspended from a pin passing through a slot in the said lever. The chain, one
end of which is attached to the scroll, passes round a guide pulley, then over
the said pulley block, and the end is finally made fast to the square of the
carriage by means of a hook or loop. By this arrangement the descent of the
faller is made to occupy double the time which it otherwise would, and by
suspending the pulley block nearer to or further from the shaft the velocity of
the descent of the faller can be regulated. A further advantage consists in
the chain remaining in tension if required during the drawing out of the car-
riage, so that the faller may immediately descend when the operation of
backing-off commences.

page_text: Another part of the said Invention consists in communicating to the faller
an accelerating descending motion, the object of which is to compensate during
the backing off for the increasing lengths of the spirals formed by the thread
One
from the point of the spindle down to the top of the cone of the cop.
of the modes of attaining this object is to increase the diameter of the scroll
in proportion to the increasing lengths of the spirals formed by the thread.
Another mode by which the same result is obtained where the ordinary
scroll is used. consists in attaching to the slotted lever connected with the
faller shaft a sector, the eccentricity and shape of whose curve correspond
with the desired accelerating movement. In this case the pulloy block above
referred to is suspended from a chain passing over and fixed to the sector.
In addition to the above-described methods the Inventors also propose to
effect the same purpose by a mechanism of levers or curves placed in contact
with the chain, and in carrying out this modification a cam or eccentric of a
curve and eccentricity corresponding with the desired accelerating movement
and hinging upon a suitable pivot or centre is placed in contact with and
attached to the chain; as the chain moves it is forced out of the straight line
and caused to wind or lap itself upon the cam, whereby the accelerating move-
ment will be produced.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF GRAVITATING LEVEL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1866. A communication from abroad by Henri Arquiene René Moën,
of New York City, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF GRAVITATING
LEVEL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct an instrument that will serve
both as a level and to test the perpendicularity of surfaces. The instrument
consists of a metal frame having its base wrought to a true plane, and carrying
in a segmental recess a cylindrical case or indicator box. This case is mounted
vertically on swivel pins projecting into the segmental recess of the frame so
that it is free to swing to maintain a vertical position. Fixed in the cylindrical
case and concentric therewith is a wooden cylinder which carries a dial
divided into 360°, and in front of this dial is mounted a pendulous index hand,
the upper end of which is bent at right angles so as to overlie the edge of
the wooden cylinder. The pendulum is mounted on a centre pin, which is
stepped into the head of a central screw fixed in the cylinder and into a glass
disc which forms the cover of the cylindrical case. In the upper side of this

page_text: case a hole (covered in with glass) is made, with its centre in a plane which
passes through the centre of the cylindrical case at right angles to the
base plane of the frame; this hole is for the purpose of inspecting the
bent end of the pendulum, and ascertaining its position with regard to the
centres.
The instrument will serve the purpose of a spirit or water level, and indicate
the horizontality of surfaces with utmost accuracy by placing the instrument upon
its base upon the object the inclination or horizontality of the surface of which is
to be determined; if the bent end of the level index hand occupies a central
position in relation to the circular hole the surface will be horizontal; if the
level index do not pass through the centre of the circle the degree of deviation,
or the angle which the surface makes with the horizon, can be readily detected
by looking at the face of the dial, where the hand will mark the number of
degrees of the angle.
Again, if this instrument be applied to a wall, for instance, its verticality
or the number of degrees of deviation from the perpendicular will be indicated
in a similar manner. Thus it will be seen that one instrument will answer
the purpose of several others, as above indicated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING WAX TAPERS, COMPOSITE GREASES OF RESINOUS SUBSTANCES, AND CUTTING SAME INTO LENGTHS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James Lane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1866.
I, JOSEPH JAMES LANE, of 10, Cranbrook Place, Old Ford Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING WAX TAPERS,
COMPOSITE GREASES OF RESINOUS SUBSTANCES, AND CUTTING SAME INTO LENGTHS,"
to be as follows:-
In carrying out the particulars of my Invention, which has reference to
machinery for making tapers of wax, composite greases of resinous substances,
the machines are with fitted cast-iron frames, each carrying a revolving
cylinder, this cylinder is put in motion by a friction roller working on the
side of the said machine. To increase or decrease the speed of the said
cylinder I fix a bracket on the side frame carrying a travelling screw working
into a nut on a guide plate. On the said screw I fix a worm wheel which
is driven by an endless screw from the main shaft of the revolving cylinder.
On the other end of the cylinder shaft I fix a cone pulley or wheels for
giving motion to a right and left-handed-screw-the-screw-gives the different-
motions for regulating the supply on the cylinders. For making tapers with
these machines they have to be placed from each other from 20 to 40 feet

page_text: apart, and worked together with one shaft driven by mitre or other wheels
for taking the tapers from one cylinder to the other while in its course of
manufacture. The cutting process is accomplished by means of a horizontal
tube and a vertical knife worked by an endless belt or motion wheels.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF WICKS FOR BURNING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert M. Letchford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1866.
I, ROBERT M. LETCHFORD, of Three Colts Lane, Bethnal Green, Middlesex,
Wax Vesta Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "THE IMPROVEMENT OF WICKS FOR BURNING," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing wicks for burning I substitute jute for cotton, wholely or
partially.
First, in wick used for producing wax vestas and gas tapers.
Secondly, in wicks used for making candles, night lights, and lamp wicks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EYE-GLASSES USUALLY TERMED SHOOTING GLASSES OR HAT FRAMES, WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SPECTACLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Dales at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1866.
I, CHARLES DALES, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Optician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
EYE-GLASSES USUALLY TERMED SHOOTING GLASSES OR HAT FRAMES, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SPECTACLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction of that part of the frames of
eye-glasses whereby they are fixed in a hat brim or cap peak, or it may be.
the handle of single or double eye-glasses, shooting glasses especially are-
usually made with pin joints for the purpose of adapting and adjusting the.
glass in position, but which gives only a limited motion.
Now according to my Invention I furnish these glasses with ball-and-socket.
joints, whereby the glass can be moved about or turned round freely in any.
direction, which affords great facilities for adjustment. For this purpose I form.
a ball on the end of the stem by which the glass is held and fixed, and on the
stem projecting from the eye or glass frame a like ball; these balls I dispose
and pinch between two short bars having little cups to receive the balls, the
balls being at either end, and the bars pinched together in the middle by a
pinching screw with thumb head, by which the pressure on the balls can be

page_text: regulated at pleasure, and the stiffness with which the ball-and-socket joints
move regulated. The stem is fixed in the hat brim or cap peak in the ordinary
manner. The hand hold of single or double eye-glasses or spectacles may be
similarly constructed and furnished with advantage.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE EMPLOYED IN PRODUCING LOCAL ANESTHESIA
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Woollatt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1866.
I, RICHARD WOOLLATT, of Taunton, in the County of Somerset, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT
TO BE EMPLOYED IN PRODUCING LOCAL ANESTHESIA," to be as follows:-
This instrument is chiefly intended to be employed in producing anesthesia
while extracting or operating upon the teeth. The apparatus resembles an
ordinary pair of sugar_tongs except that the two concave ends are turned down
at about right angles to the two legs of the tongs. The concavity of the ends is
sufficient to allow two thicknesses of lint and a thickness of impermeable
covering, such as fine bladder, gut, skin, or other soft flexible substance
insoluble in the chloroform or other anaesthetic agent employed, to lodge therein
without pressure except close contact with the gum. The concave ends with
the lint and impermeable covering I call the pads. On the outside of each
pad is a spring which has a tendency to press inwards, and is formed with a
projecting catch to pass through an aperture in an outer larger spring, which
has a tendency to press outwards. These two springs outside each pad hold
the ends of the lint as follows:-The end of the lint is carried under the
bottom of the pad; the outer spring is then pressed in so as to come against
and hold the end of the lint, and the catch of the inner spring passes through
the aperture of the outer spring and holds this spring in place. The lower

page_text: extremity of the outer springs and the bottom edge of the concave ends are by
preference serrated so as to hold the lint and impermeable covering more
securely. When this instrument is applied to the part to be operated upon
the two pads are pressed against the gum by pressing the two legs of the
instrument together, as in using a pair of sugar tongs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING FIRES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO WARMING APARTMENTS AND FOR OTHER HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Whitmore Baker, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1866.
I, WHITMORE BAKER, of Downham Market, in the County of Norfolk,
Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING FIRES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO WARMING APARTMENTS AND FOR OTHER HEATING PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
According to one arrangement of the apparatus I form a junction with
a gas pipe by means of a piece of flexible gas-tight tubing to one end of a
hollow tube, which may be similiar in form to a common poker, but with the
end opposite to that to which the flexible tubing is attached somewhat spade-
shaped or flattened, or other shape or form, and perforated with a number of
holes for the escape of the gas for ignition. By inserting this end of the
poker with the gas escaping therefrom ignited between the coals or other
fuel in a fire-grate the ignition of the fuel will be effected; or an instrument
so arranged may be used to give temporary warmth to an apartment or for
general heating purposes. The perforated end of the poker may be formed
to screw on, so that the same poker may have several ends either of which
may be used when desired.
A tap is employed to regulate the supply, or the supply may be from a
separate elastic and portable chamber containing the gas to be consumed,

page_text: or in place of gas oil or spirit absorbed and conducted by a suitable fibrous
substance may be used.
According to another arrangement the gas is conveyed by a suitable pipe
to the under side of the stove or other grate, and at its end this pipe is provided
with holes for the escape and ignition of the gas. This part is of an inclined
form, or somewhat of the shape of an inverted spoon, so as to prevent coals,
or dust, or other matters from falling_into_and stopping-up the passages for
the escape of the gas. The openings for the gas are between the bottom
bars, so that when lighted the flame may play well amongst the fuel until
that is lighted. The supplying of gas is admitted and regulated by a tap.
In some cases I.apply to the grate or fire-place a frame supported on legs
or a bracket so as to receive the jets under it with a cover of gauze over if
desired, and adapted to support a kettle or other utensil for temporary cooking
or other domestic purpose..