IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Silas C. Salisbury, of Essex Street, in the City
of Westminster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 9th November 1860, and dated the 17th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Silas C. Salisbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th May 1860.
I, SILAS C. SALISBURY, of Essex Street, in the City of Westminster, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates. firstly, to improvements on a Patent for certain
improvements in looms for weaving, for which 1 made application throngh
my correspondent, William Edward Newton, on the 23rd day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty. In that application, described a novel
construction of loom in which the reed is fixed, and no beating up of the weft
is required, the shuttle being so constructed and operated as to deliver the
shoot into the shed in the place in which it is intended to remain. In this
loom the shuttle is operated by a travelling carriage on which it rests, and a
reciprocating motion is given to the carriage by means of an endless band,
carrying a driving pin or stud, which works up and down a vertical groove
Paica 1

page_text: made in the face of the carriage, and drives the carriage backwards and for-
wards in its race as the band continues its rotation.
Now, the object of the first part of this Invention is to ensure an equable
delivery of the warp from the warp beam and a corresponding take up of the
woven cloth, the speed of both which operations depends on the rate at which
the weaving takes place. To ensure a proper speed of delivery and take up,
I derive the motion for effecting these operations from the carriage which
carries the shuttle. The warp I lead up from the warp beam between a pair
of delivering rollers, which are geared together, and are driven by a click
operating upon a ratchet whcel keyed to the end of one of these rollers, and
the like arrangement is provided for drawing off the cloth from the breast of
the loom, and delivering it to the beam. At each side of the loom a tappet
lever is mounted on a short axle, and in such a position that, as the carriage
runs to the end of its course, a bowl upon it will strike one or other of these
tappet levers. The levers are connected together by a rod extending across
the loom so as to move together. On each tappet lever axle a segment rack
is keyed for the purpose of gearing into a bevil pinion on the rock shaft that
works the heddles. This shaft carries a tappet for striking against an arm on
a shaft mounted below it, and parallel thereto. Attached to each extremity of
this latter shaft is a crank arm, the arm on one side having jointed to it two
connecting rods, one of which connects with a slotted lever that has for its
fulcrum the axle which carries the ratchet wheel for working the warp
delivery rollers, and the other the axle carrying the ratchet wheel which
operates the cloth delivery rollers. To cach of these levers is attached a click
for taking into the teeth of their respective ratchet wheels; as, therefore, the
shaft carrying the crank arms is rocked by the striking of the tappet on the
heddle shaft against the arm on the crank shaft, and is returned to its position
by a spring or weight after the tappet has passed the arm, the clicks carried
by the slotted levers will be simultaneously operated and caused to drive
For
(through their respective ratchet wheels) the warp and the cloth rollers.
giving motion to the cloth beam the crank arm on the opposite end of the
crank shaft is caused to operate in like manner a ratchet wheel having a
friction pulley attached to it. This pulley is in contact with a pulley on the
cloth beam, and thus the rotation of that beam is also derived from the shuttle
carriage.
Another part of my Invention consists in so mounting the bobbin or cop in
ist shuttle, that the axis of the bobbin or cop will lie at right angles to or
across the line of traverse of the shuttle. This will greatly facilitate the
delivery of the weft thread, which operation will be further assisted by leading

page_text: the thread through a guide which rotates by reason of the drag of the thread...
By this arrangement, also, a great economy will be effected from the avoid-
ance of the formation of what is known as "cop waste."
The last part of my Invention relates to a mode of facilitating the weaving
of heavy goods in looms when the reed is stationary. When weaving sail
cloth. for example, it may be found that something more than the laying of
the weft thread in the open warp by means of the shuttle is required. In
such cases I propose to introduce behind the breast beam a reciprocating comb
or its equivalent, which will enter the warp after each passage of the shuttle,
and beat up the shoot, and then retire to leave a free space for the passage of
the shuttle through the open web. This part of my Invention I propose also
to apply to looms already constructed, fixing the reeds of such looms, and
relying on the reciprocating or rocking comb to effect the beat up. This will
effect an important improvement in the speed of working looms, and will
remove the cause of much of the friction to which the warp threads are at
present subjected.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Silas C. Salisbury in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SILAS C.
SALISBURY, of Essex Street, in the City of Westminster, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, 1er heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Silas C. Salisbury, Her special license that I, the said Silas C. Salisbury, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Silas C.
Salisbury, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Silas C. Salisbury, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Silas C. Salisbury, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention relates, firstly, to improvements on an Invention for certain
improvements in looms for weaving, for which I made application for the grant
of Letters Patent, through my correspondent William Edward Newton, and
for which Letters Patent were granted, dated the Twenty-third day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the Specification of which Letters
Patent is described the construction of a loom in which the reed is fixed, and
no beating-up of the weft is required, the shuttle being so constructed and
operated as to deliver the shoot into the shed in the place in which it is
intended to remain. In this loom the shuttle is operated by a reciprocating
carriage on which it rests, and a reciprocating motion is given to the carriage
by means of an endless band carrying a driving pin or stud, which works up
and down a vertical groove made in the face of the carriage, and drives
the carriage backwards and forwards in its race as the band continues its
rotation.
Now, the object of the first part of the present Invention is to ensure an
equable delivery of the warp from the warp beam and a corresponding take-up
of the woven cloth, the speed of both which operations depends on the rate at
which the weaving takes place. To ensure a proper speed of delivery and
take up, the motion for effecting these operations is derived from the recipro-
cating carriage which supports and actuates the shuttle.
The second part of my Invention consists in so mounting the bobbin or cop
in a shuttle, such as is described in the Specification of the said former Patent,
that the axis of the bobbin or cap will lie at right angles to or across the linc
of traverse of the shuttle, the object being to facilitate the delivery of the weft
thread, which operation is assisted by leading the thread through a rotating
guide described in the Specification of the above-named Patent. By this
arrangement of the. shuttle and bobbin, a great economy will result from the
avoidance of the formation of what is known as "cop waste."
The last part of my Invention relates to an arrangement for beating up,
whereby the weaving of heavy goods in looms where the reed is stationary will

page_text: be greatly facilitated. This object I attain by the introduction behind the
breast beam of a reciprocating comb, or its equivalent, which will enter the
warp after each passage of the shuttle, and beat up the shoot, and then retiro
to leave a free space for the passage of the shuttle through the open web.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a front view of a power loom con-
structed on the fixed reed and traversing shuttle-carriage principle, with my
present improvements for delivering the warp from the warp beam. and for
taking up the cloth as it is woven, applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a side elevation;
and Fig. 3 is a cross section taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1. ..
A: A, is the main framing of the loom in bearings, on one end of which
(see Fig. 2) is a short shaft. B fitted with a driving pulley a at its outer end,
and carrying at its inner end a flanged pulley b. On a stud pin at the opposite
side of the machine and in a line with the pulley is mounted a second
pulley b' of similar proportions: over these pullies b. b, runs a belt c. which is
furnished with a pine for driving the shuttle carriage D. A vertical slot is
made through the middle of the carriage for the driving pin of the bell c io
work in, and at its upper part the plate carries a roller d. The breast of the
loom is shewn at C, immediately above which works the shuttle E; this
shuttle is made wedge-shaped in cross section, as shewn at Fig. 3, and it is
furnished on its under side with a pair of howles or rollers, which bear upon the
bowle or roller d of the shuttle carriage, the under side of the shed intervening
between these surfaces, as will be presently understood. F is the warp beam
from which the warp threads pass to a pair of nipping rollers F, F, by these
rollers the warp threads are delivered at a certain regulated rate, the speed of
rotation of the rollers being determined by the traverse of the shuttle; G is the
harness of the loom; H, the fixed reed; and I the cloth beam. The harness
is worked to open and change the shed by means of a rock shaft G'; the means
of conveying motion to which, as it imparts motion to the warp beam and cloth
roller, it will be necessary to describe. At the opposite sides of the loom a
pair of cranked rock levers f. f', is mounted on short shafts carried by brackets.
The shaft of the rock lever f (Fig. 2) carries a segment rack f, which gears
into a face wheel on the rock shaft G. Projecting. from the back of the
carriage D is a pair of antifriction-bowles, which in turn strike the rock levers
as the carriage arrives at the end of its traverse, and thus, through the segment.
rack and face wheel g. cause the shaft G! to change the shed immediately
the shuttle has left the warps. As the shuttle carriage is driven by the pin
of the rotating band c, taking into a slot in the carriage D, it will have no
tendency to rebound, neither will the shuttle have any tendency to leave the
carriage. To give motion to the warp delivery rollers, a cam on the rock

page_text: shaft G is caused to act upon the arm g' of a second rock shaft G, which arm
is caused to bear against the shaft G' by means of a weight or a spring. To a
short arm from the rock shaft G a connecting bar g is jointed, and to the
upper end of this bar is jointed a slotted arm mounted loosely on the axle of
the warp delivery roller F¹. This arm g carries a click which takes into the
teeth of a ratchet wheel g', keyed to the axle of the roller F¹. For every change
therefore of the shed caused by the rocking of the shaft G', the click will drive
round the ratchet wheel, and with it the roller F a portion of a rotation. and
thus the requisite amount of warp will be given off. In order to take up the
woven cloth with the like precision, a pair of nipping rollers I, 1. is provided
above the cloth roller. On the axle of the roller T is hung loosely a slotted
armi, to which the lower end of a bar g is jointed, which bar connects the
arm with the rock shaft G. This arm i also carries a click, which takes into
a ratchet wheel keyed on the axle of the roller 11. The motion therefore of
the rock G', besides causing the warp nipping rollers to deliver warp into
the loom, will simultaneously cause the nipping rollers I, I, to take up the
woven cloth and pass it to the cloth beam T. This beam is driven by means
of friction wheels on the opposite side of the loom, which wheels receive motion
in the following manner:-On the end of the axle G³ (see Figures 1 and 3) is
a crank arm . to which is jointed a rod . The opposite end of this rod is
jointed to an arm pendent from a stud axle on the end framing. This
arm carries a click which takes into the teeth of a ratchet wheel mounted
together with a friction wheel on the stud axle . This friction wheel bears
upon a friction wheel on the axle of the cloth beam. As, therefore, the
rock shaft G' actuates the rollers 11, 1, and causes them to draw down the
woven cloth as explained, the cloth beam will be caused to rotate simultaneously
and at the same surface speed, and thus lap the cloth on to the beam.
From the above explanation it will be understood, that on motion being
given from any prime mover to the axle B, the belt c will be caused to rotate
and impart a rapid reciprocating motion to the shuttle carriage, which by its
connection with the various operating parts of the loom will set the loom in
action. Thus the carriage will first open the shed and carry the shuttle
through the shed, it will then close the shed and open a new one, and
simultaneously cause the delivery of yarn from the yarn beam, and the
take up of cloth by the cloth beam. The carriage will then carry back the
shuttle through the shed and effect a repetition of the above-named operations.
In Sheet III. of the Drawings, I have shewn the form of shuttle which I
employ for receiving the bobbin or cop with its axis at right angles to the line
of traverse of the shuttle. Fig. 4 being a plan view; Fig. 5 a front view,

page_text: and Fig. 6 a side view of the same. It is, by preference, made of hard wood,
as usual, with a central opening for receiving the weft bobbin or cop. The
shuttle is furnished on its under face with antifriction bowles or rollers, as
described in the Specification of the before-mentioned Patent of William
Edward Newton before referred to. 1, 1, is a pair of rollers which bear upon the
bowle d of the shuttle carriage. At the back of the shuttle is a second pair of
rollers 2, 2, which run against the face of the fixed reed, and at its upper
surface is a third pair of rollers 3, 3, which bear against an overlapping bar
that serves to retain the shuttle in position on its carriage. The bobbin 4
carrying the weft thread, is fixed on a pin or screw 5, projecting towards the front
of the shuttle, its axis being at right angles to the shuttle's course. Mounted
loosely in the centre of the fixed bobbin is a guide or flyer arm 6, through an
eye in the end of which the thread is passed, and thence to a fixed guide 7,
immediately in the rear of a pair of delivery wheels 8, 8, which arc grooved to
guide the thread out of the shuttle, and are made narrow to allow of their
running through the open shed close up to the woven cloth, and depositing the
"shoots" of weft thread in their proper position, so that no beating up shall be
required. The drag put on the weft thread by the traverse of the shuttle back-
wards and forwards through the open shed will cause the guide 6 to rotate and
deliver off the thread with the greatest regularity, and as no tendency exists
for the bobbin to give off the thread quicker at one time than another, the
thread may be used up to its extremity, the guide 6 serving to retard the
sudden delivery of the last portion, which, according to the plan now in use,
has to be thrown aside from the impossibility of retaining it in the shuttle
against the tension put upon it while the shuttle is flying through the shed.
When heavy work, such as the weaving of sail cloth, is in hand, it may not
be desirable to depend wholly upon the shuttle for laying the weft thread in
position. In such case, therefore, I use the arrangement shewn in Sheet III.
at Figures 10 and 11, where Fig. 10 is a cross section of a beat-up apparatus
applied to a loom, and Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the same. This appa-
ratus consists of a kind of comb bar, which receives a rocking motion from the
rock shaft that works the harness. The teeth of this bar are intended to enter
between the warp threads at the proper period, and beat up the weft as soon
as the shuttle leaves the shed. The teeth of this comb bar are made of thin
steel blades, cast into leads, as shewn in the detached view, Fig. 12. These
leads are screwed to a rock bar k, mounted in suitable bearings in the loom
framing, and immediately below and in the rear of the breast of the loom.
The comb bar teeth must be gauged to suit the work in hand, sufficient space
being left between them to prevent the possibility of the warp threads being

page_text: cut or injured by their action. Keyed to the comb bar are short arms 1, 1,
which are connected by arms m to link levers n, n, that turn on fulcrum pins
projecting from the side framing. The rock shaft G¹ is fitted with arms o, o,
carrying stud pins, which project into the openings in their respective levers n.
As, therefore, this shaft G' is caused to turn on its axis, as before described, it
will alternately depress the link levers n to the dotted position of Fig. 10, and
raise them to the drawn position of that Figure, which reciprocating nrove-
ments will be transmitted by the arms m and 1 to the comb bar, and cause the
teeth of that bar to enter the warp and beat up the weft thread after every
traverse of the shuttle.
I would remark, that looms of the ordinary construction may be modified
with the view of improving their action by fixing the reeds and effecting the
beat-up by means of rocking comb bars, as this improvement may be readily
adapted, and with little cost to existing looms.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in
Machinery and Apparatus to be employed in Weaving," and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect. I wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent, I make no claim to any of the
mechanical parts separately; but what I claim is,-
First, the combination or arrangement above-described, whereby the motion
for delivering the warp from the warp beam, and for taking up the cloth by
the cloth beam, is made dependent on and is derived from the traversing
carriage employed to propel the shuttle.
Secondly, I claim the arrangement of the shuttle and apparatus described
for preventing the cop waste.
Thirdly, claim the combination with a fixed reed of a reciprocating comb
bar for beating up the weft, as above explained.
In witness whereof. I, the said Silas C. Salisbury, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66. Chancery Lane.
SILAS C. SALISBURY. (L.s.)