Improvements in Electric Railways.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 26th Oct., 1888
RESERVE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Railways.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS of 23 Southampton Buildings in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a com-
munication to me from abroad by The Bentley-Knight Electric Railway Company,
a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of New York and doing
business at the City, County and State of New York in the United States of America,
Engineers, Builders of Electric Railways, to be as follows:-
The most practical solution of the question of operating electric motor cars within
crowded city limits is to have the car motors supplied with currents by line con-
ductors placed in a conduit or tunnel in the roadway, electric connection with the car
being secured by a plow or contact device electrically connected with the motor and
depending through the slot of the conduit or tunnel so as to bear against the enclosed
electric conductors therein.
It is however often desireable to extend a city road out into the suburbs without
going to the expense of laying a conduit the whole distance.
The first part of this invention therefore consists in continuing at the point where
the conduit ends, exposed supply conductors carried by posts placed a foot or more in
height along the road at intervals, contact devices on the car or cars additional to
those used for the conduit, being provided. These contact devices are adapted to be
thrown into operative position to connect the motor electrically with the elevated
exposed conductors when the section of the road having such conductors has been
reached.
In carrying out this part of the invention, there is provided in addition to the
contact devices which extend into the conduit and are mounted on the car so as to
have capacity for lateral motion and for longitudinal motion under the control of a
lever, other contact devices also mounted on the car and adapted to be brought by
means of a lever or other device into contact with the elevated exposed conductors
which are, in common with the conductors in the tunnel or conduit, connected with a
stationary source of electricity.

page_text: The invention further relates to the means of supporting the motor upon the
vehicle, the motor being geared to a single axle while supported on a frame outside
the axle so that its whole weight rests on the axle thereby increasing the tractive
power of the vehicle. In carrying out this portion of the invention, a frame is pro-
vided journalled on one axle and supporting the armature shaft of the motor and the
countershaft geared to said axle. The frame projects on the opposite side of the axle
from the motor either to the boxes of the other axle or to a point under the car body.
In either case it has suitable spring bearing so as to counter balance the motor. The
car body is supported on the truck by springs in the usual manner and the two axles
may be geared or connected together in any desired manner.
Another form of this invention has the motor spring-centered about the counter-
shaft which is intermediate between the armature shaft and the axles. That is, the
motor is supported on an axial line coinciding with the axis of the counter shaft and
also on a spring connected to the car body or a fixed part of the truck which prevents
any rotation of the motor about the axial support. In this form the motor has its
armature shaft journalled in brass castings attached to the motor pole pieces. Pro-
jecting arms on said castings extend away from the armature and form bearings for
the countershaft to which the armature is geared and which is itself geared to the
driving axle of the vehicle. A frame which is journalled on such axle at one end and
hung from the axle boxes or car body at the other end carries at intermediate points
the journals of the countershaft and the trunnions of the electric motor frame, while
the other end of said frame has spring bearings to ease and prevent motion of the
motor around its trunnions.
A further portion of the invention consists in employing with a motor on a car an
enclosing case of non-resonant material like canvas, oilcloth or ferflax, by which the
noise of the motor and gearing is reduced. It is a matter of necessity in the operation
of mechanism by electric motors that some method of gearing be employed by which
the motor may run at a comparatively high rate of speed. When a motor is used on
a car this gearing is a source of great and disagreeable noise which is only intensified
by the resonant metallic boxing usually employed for enclosing motor and gearing.
There are other sources of noise and jar in the motor itself. By entirely enclosing
the motor and gearing in a non-resonant case this trouble is largely removed. The
case may be either entirely of canvas, oilcloth or ferflax or similar non-resonant
material or wood or metal casings may be employed and may be made non-resonant
by attaching deadening strips of rubber, felt or like material to them. To permit the
movement of the car body relative to the truck or axle frame upon which the motor
is supported, the sound deadening casing is continued up to the body of the car by a
strip or width of flexible or elastic material.
The invention further relates to an electrical or circuit controlling regulator for
the propelling motor which is controlled by the same manual device at each end of the
vehicle by which the brake for the vehicle is actuated.
brake mechanism is connected by rod, cord, chain or other device with an arm or
The ordinary or any suitable
lever adapted to sweep over an electric resistance throwing more and more of the same
into the circuit of the motor as the brakes are applied. Preferably the device is so
adjusted that the whole range of the resistance comes into play practically cutting out
the motor before the brakes are set, while on the other hand the brakes come off before
the current is admitted to the motor.
The invention further relates to a form of electric resistance in which a series of
metallic plates are placed in superficial contact stationary relatively to one another,
while the contact device is moveable relatively to the whole series and by sweeping
over the plates brings more or less of them into the circuit. Only certain of the
plates project so as to come in contact with said contact device. A supplementary
circuit breaker is combined with the variable resistance and adapted to be operated by
the contact device when it has reached the end of its course. The circuit breaker is
held closed by a suitable lock until the contact device as it is about to come off the
resistance plates strikes a suitable bolt and slides it so as to flex or otherwise distort
a spring connected with the arm of the circuit breaker, until the bolt at a suitable

page_text: moment unlocks said arm so that under the influence of the spring, contact is instantly
and widely broken.
In these cases where for suburban railways an overhead line conductor is employed,
it has heretofore been customary in order to obtain electric connection between such
line conductor and the motor car where contact is made with tho underside of the
conductor to have a contact wheel upon the end of a pivotted pole forming a sort of
walking beam upon the top of the car. In this device the flanges of the wheel were
alone relied upon to maintain the wheel in its position against the wire and in con-
sequence a large unsightly wheel was essential and only an imperfect contact with the
wire was obtained.
The present invention contemplates the employment of a small contact wheel
furnished with guides which form an extension of the supporting rod and always
maintain the wheel in its proper position relative to the wire while the wear comes
only upon the wheel. Instead of a pivotted har heretofore employed for carrying the
contact wheel, a light flexible rod or whip of steel is used and upon the end of this
the wheel is carried. This whip has a socket on the car roof by which when desired
it can be turned forward or backward so as to bring it in proper position for either
forward or backward movement of a car.
A hand lever may be employed for operating the socket and a pawl and ratchet or
similar device is used for locking it in either position to which it is adjusted.
ו ת
2011
1
B. J. B. MILLS.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Railways.
I. BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS of 23 Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a com-
munication to me from abroad by The Bentley-Knight Electric Railway Company,
a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of New-York, and doing
business at the City, County and State of New-York, in the United States of America,
Engineers, Builders of Electric Railways, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following
statement:-
The most practical solution of the question of operating electric motor cars within
crowded city limits, is to have the car motors supplied with current by line con-
ductors placed in a conduit or tunnel in the roadway, electric connection with the
car being secured by a plow or contact device electrically connected with the motor,
and depending through the slot of the conduit or tunnel, so as to bear against the
enclosed electric conductors therein.
It is however often desirable to extend a city road out into the suburbs without
going to the expense of laying a conduit. the whole distance.
The first part of this invention therefore consists in continuing, at the point where
the conduit ends, exposed supply conductors, carried by posts placed, a foot or more
in height, along the road at intervals, contact devices on the car or cars, additional to
those used for the conduit, being provided. These contact devices are adapted to be
thrown into operative position to connect the motor electrically with the elevated
exposed conductors, when the section of the road, having such conductors, has been
reached.
In carrying out this part of the invention, there are provided, in addition to the
contact devices which extend into the conduit and are mounted on the car so as to
have capacity for lateral motion and for longitudinal motion under the control of a
lever, other contact devices also mounted on the car and adapted to be brought, by
means of a lever or other device, into contact with the elevated exposed conductors,
which are, in common with the conductors in the tunnel or conduit, connected with
a stationary source of electricity.
In figure 1, K represents the conduit, formed in any known manner.
A and B are the two inclosed supply conductors, supported in the usual way.
P, P1, Figures 1 and 2, are two contact devices or plows of any well known con-
struction, adapted to extend into the conduit to maintain the electrical connection
with the conductors A and B. These plows are supported by carriers N, adapted to
slide on transverse guides G. These guides are hung by transverse pivots from
hangers H, and are adapted to be turned by lever L, connected to lever L', under
the driver's control. By this means the plow can be thrown out of the conduit when
the end of the conduit is reached. The plows are beneath the vehicle, so as to avoid
contact with any passing object, but the actuating devices, for throwing them into

page_text: an
and out of their operative position, extend out from under said vehicle to
accessible point, which, in the present instance, is above the beams of the vehicle
body, where they may be readily reached by the operator.
D and D are contact shoes on the ends of beli crank levers E. E, which are
normally held in the vertical position shown, by coil springs S on the pivots about
which they turn. These levers E. E, are adapted to be turned, by lever L, to the
position shown in dotted lines, where they will come in contact with the elevated
conducting rails. One of those rails is shown at B', and is held in place by separable
metallic clamp b, surrounding glass insulator c, which is supported upon post C.
The shoes D. D, are connected to the corresponding plow contacts by a branching
conductor, leading from the hinge of lever E, which is of conducting material and
stationary relatively to the vehicle, and both are connected to the respective motor
terminals.
The inclosed conduit section may slightly overlap the exposed suburban section, or,
as in figure 2, the side contacts may be in advance of the plow contacts, so that the
former may be raised to meet the elevated conductors and contact be made before the
plows are thrown out, and contact interrupted at that point.
The contact device for the inclosed conductors is shown beneath the car and move-
able about the centre formed by the pivotal points of guide G, while its dimensions
are such that it may be turned and lifted out of the conduit into the space between the
bottom of the vehicle and the surface of the conduit.
The lover L¹ has a latch engaging with notches in a segment, and serves as a stop
to hold the plow in its normal vertical position, or in its elevated position, so that the
vehicle may proceed along the exposed section.
It is desired to be understood that the invention is not limited to the height of
supporting posts for the exposed conductor shown in the drawings. They are here
shown, for convenience, about the height of the car axle; but they may be of any
height without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is also not limited to
the precise form of contact devices or other mechanical detail shown. There may be
many variations of these forms embraced by the invention.
The invention further relates to a method of attaching an electric motor to a vehicle
propelled thereby; and it consists in gearing the motor to a single axle, while at the
same time it is supported on a framing outside the axle, so that its whole weight rests
on the axle, and thereby increases the tractive power of the vehicle.
In figure 3 of the accompanying drawings, A represents the motor. B is a framing
extending from the yoke of the motor and supporting the armature shaft D and the
counter shaft C. This frame is journalled on the axle E at H, H, and has an
extension K, F, projecting across to the journal boxes of the opposite axle E, and
secured to them through intermediate springs S. S¹, one in the line of upward and the
other in the line of downward pressure of F.
The motor is geared to the axle E as shown, and it will be seen, the motor being
fulcrummed on one side of the axle and counterbalanced on the opposite side by
means of the other axle, that axle E receives all the weight of the motor, and also a
part of the weight normally falling on the other axle. The car body is supported
from the truck by springs in the usual manner. A chain or connecting rods may
go to the other axle, if necessary, and the car body itself may be used to counter-
balance the motor, as shown in figure 4 of the drawings, a being the sill of the car
body.
A modification of this portion of the invention is made by gearing the armature
shaft of the motor to the axle through an intermediate countershaft, the motor itself
being spring centered about the counter shaft, that is, the motor is supported on an
axial line coinciding with the axis of the counter shaft, and also on a spring connected
to the car body or a fixed part of the truck, which prevents any rotation of the
motor about the axial support.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate this form of the invention. Figure 5 is a plan of a
street car truck embodying the invention; and figure 6 is a side elevation of the motor,
showing its method of support.

page_text: A is the motor having its armature shaft journalled in brass castings B, attached to
the pole pieces. Projecting arms on B extend back from the armature and form
bearings for the counter shaft C.
D is a frame journalled directly on axle E and having extensions F, attached to
cross bar G, which in turn is attached to side bars H, extending between the car
boxes. The bearings J form trunnions which rest in sockets K in frame D, and
form an axial support for the motor, coinciding with the axis of counter shaft C.
The motor is prevented from rotating to any extent on its trunnions by springs S
and S¹, which are inserted between a flange M on bar G and projections Land L',
extending from the pole pieces of the motor. The armature shaft gears with the
counter shaft, and the latter with the axle, by spur wheels, as is shown in figure 5.
It will be evident that this form of the invention may take many forms in practice,
its essential feature being the motor spring centered about the counter shaft.
It is a matter of necessity in the operation of mechanism by electric motors that
some method of gearing be employed by which the motor may run at a comparatively
high rate of speed. When a motor is used on a car, this gearing is a source of
great and disagreeable noise, which is only intensified by the resonant metallic boxing
usually employed for inclosing the motor and gearing. There are other sources of
noise and jar in the motor itself.
A further portion of the invention therefore consists in employing, with a motor
on a car, an inclosing case of non-resonant material, like canvas, oil-cloth or ferflax,
by which the noise of the motor and gearing is reduced.
It also consists in a separate truck holding the motor, with a flexible casing
between the truck and car body.
Figure 7 is a transverse section of the car embodying the invention, and figure 8
is a longitudinal section of a portion of the running gear showing the protecting
casing.
In these figures A is an electric motor supported from an independent truck
frame G, by hangers K. A pinion B, on the motor shaft, engages with a gear
wheel C on counter shaft L, and the counter shaft is connected to the car axles by
parallel rods or similar devices.
The car body M is supported from the truck frame by intermediate springs F. All
the mechanism of the motor truck is inclosed by a casing D of canvas, oilcloth,
ferflax, or similar non-resonant material. It is also found that wood or even metal
boxing may be made non-resonant by attaching deadening strips of rubber, felt or
like material to it. The casing is continued up to the body of the car by flexible
or elastic material E, which will permit the car body to spring relatively to the
truck.
The invention further relates to an electric or circuit controlling regulator for the
propelling motor, which is controlled by the same manual devices at each end of
the vehicle by which the brake for the vehicle is actuated. This portion of the
invention is illustrated in figure 9, sheet 2 of the accompanying drawings.
In said figure A represents the frame of the vehicle, which is provided with an
extension at each end, adapted to carry a platform, from which the car can be
controlled in either direction of progress.
B are the ordinary brake beams, having retractile springs C. A lever D is pivotted
in the centre of the vehicle and from each side of its fulcrum a connection rod
extends to the opposite ends of the vehicle, respectively, where they terminate in
chains adapted to be wound on the brake spindles E. E¹. F is the propelling motor
geared to the axle. G is a resistance in the main circuit controlling the admission
of the current to the motor, and thus acting as an electrical or circuit controlling
regulator. Any other form of electrical controlling device for the motor may be
employed. A lever K sweeps over this resistance, a spring L actuating it in a
direction to throw in the resistance, while, for working it in the opposite direction,
a connection leads from opposite sides of the fulcrum of K to the two brake spindles,
where the chains are wound on in an opposite direction to the brake chains. When,
therefore, the spindle is turned in one direction, the brakes are set, and the resistance

page_text: brought into circuit, stopping the motor, while, when turned in the other direction,
the brakes come off and the resistance is cut out, starting the motor.
The device is so adjusted that the whole range of the resistance comes into play
before the brakes are set, while the brakes, on the other hand, come off before the
current is admitted to the motor.
The invention further relates to a peculiar form of artificial electrical resistance,
being an improvement on an earlier form in which the artificial resistance is composed
of a series of metallic plates placed in superficial contact and provided with a contact
lever adapted to bring more or less of these plates into circuit. In that construction
are found three features more or less objectionable, which it is the intention of
the devices hereinafter described to remedy. In the first place, in the earlier
device the contact lever was adapted to slightly lift each of the plates in succession as
it came into connection with them, the result of which was that the constant rubbing
together of the plates made a better contact between them and materially lessened
their resistance in the course of time. In the present form the plates are made
stationary relatively to one another, so that they are held firmly in permanent super-
ficial contact, while the contact lever only is movable relatively to the whole series,
sweeping over the plates to make contact with them and introduce more or less of
them into the circuit. In the second place, it is found that the former method of
contact, where connection was made with the edge of every plate, was liable to cause
an are between successive plates, which would weld them together, and in time
materially decrease the resistance of the whole. The improvement herein shown for
remedying this feature consists in having the contact made only with certain plates of
the series elevated a certain distance above the rest, so that no arc can be drawn from
one point of contact to the next. In the third place, it is found that, when the same
contact piece was used for both the progressive connection with the series of plates,
and also for interrupting the circuit completely when the resistance had all been
thrown in, the resulting are from the complete break would so roughen the contact
piece as to render it unfit for the progressive connection over the edges of the plates.
To remedy this objectionable feature a supplementary circuit breaker is introduced,
adapted to be operated when the contact arm reaches the end of its movement,
and having contact pieces of carbon or material not likely to be injured by
the arc.
This portion of the invention therefore consists principally of First, an electric
resistance composed of metallic plates held in permanent superficial connection and
stationary relatively to one another, while the contact device is movable relatively to
the whole series, and, by sweeping over the plates, brings more or less of them into the
circuit.
Second, it consists of a form of contact for a plate resistance, wherein the contact
device makes connection only with certain plates of the series, which project or have
an extension beyond the other plates.
Third, it consists of a supplementary circuit breaker, combined with the variable
resistance, which is adapted to be operated by the contact device, when it has reached
the end of its course.
Figure 10 is a plan of a resistance box embodying this portion of the
invention.
Figure 11 is a section thereof having a supplementary contact in its open
position.
Figure 12 is a view of parts thereof drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figure 13 is a view of the same in its closed position.
In figure 10, A is an inclosing box or frame, B is a second interior box or lining of
non-combustible material, such as terra-cotta or asbestos and is a series of iron plates
In superficial contact.
These plates are placed in two parallel series, and a lever D, moving about a centre,
s provided with two contact brushes E, in electrical connection and adapted to short
circuit more or less of the plates in the two series. The end plates of each series rest
gainst a large contact plate F, the current entering at G and leaving at K. As will

page_text: be seen in figure 11, certain plates in the series project above the rest at regular
intervals and are bent over to afford broader contact surface. The brushes E, in
sweeping over the series, come in contact with these projecting plates, and, according
to their position, more or less of the plates will be included in the circuit. It will be
noticed that the inclosing boxes are open on the underside, so that there may be a
circulation of air through the plates from one side to the other. When the brushes E
have reached the end of their sweep, it is arranged, as shown in figure 11, that the
brush does not leave the last plate in any case, a supplementary circuit breaker being
provided, which will now be described.
Referring to figures 11, 12 and 13, L is a lever pivotted at M and provided at its
free end with a removable piece N. O is a rod forked at one end to embrace the
lever Land at its other end provided with a knob adapted to be struck by a corre
sponding knob d on lever D. P is a bearing for the rod O attached to the inclosing
case, and R is a coiled spring holding O normally in its outward position, as in
figure 13. S is a spring latch normally retaining L in its outward position with
contact at N closed. T is a spring attached at one end to L and at the other end to
the inner end of rod O.
In practice, when lever D approaches the end of its sweep, its knob d strikes the
knob on rod and forces it in, against the pressure of spring R. This action stores
up in spring T a certain amount of energy, tending to turn lever L about its centre
and break the circuit at N. This action cannot take place however, until an offset V,
(Figure 12) in rod O, comes against latch S and forces it over until lever L is released
and free to act under the accumulated pressure of spring T. In this manner the
circuit is broken suddenly by a wide distance at N, and little or no arc is formed at
the break. When lever D is moved in a contrary direction, so as to cut out resistance
from the circuit, the rod O is released and left free to act under the pressure of
spring R, which restores the parts to their normal position, as shown in figure 13.
By this arrangement no heavy are will in any case be formed on brushes E, and
they will not become roughened or lose their temper from excessive heat, but will
always remain in a good condition for sweeping the raised plates of the
resistance.
The invention further consists in a device for maintaining connection between an
electrically propelled car and an overhead supply wire, in cases where such a wire is
employed for supplying current to the car motors. It is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, in which
Figure 14 is an elevation of a portion of one end of a car provided with the improved
contact device.
Figure 15 is a side elevation of a modified form of the device, and
Figure 16 is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 17 is a detail.
It has heretofore been customary in contact devices for overhead wires, which bear
upon the under side of a conductor, to have a contact wheel upon the end of a pivotted
pole, forming a sort of walking beam arrangement upon the top of the car. In this
device, the flanges of the wheel were alone relied upon to maintain the wheel in its
position against the wire, and, in consequence, a large unsightly wheel was essential,
and only an indifferent contact with the wire was obtained. In the present device,
but a small contact wheel is provided, and it is furnished with guides, which form an
extension of the supporting rod and always maintain the wheel in its proper position
relative to the wire, while the wear comes only upon the wheel. Instead of the
pivotted bar heretofore employed for carrying the contact wheel, a light flexible rod or
whip is made of steel wires, upon the end of which the wheel is carried. This whip
has a socket on the end of the car roof, by which, when desired, it can be turned
forward or backward, so as to bring it into a proper position for either forward or
backward movement of the car.
In figures 14 to 17 of the accompanying drawings, A is the main supply wire, Ba
portion of the car. C is the contact wheel carried by the whip D. This whip D is
secured in a socket E pivotted in a standard F attached to the edge of the roof. A

page_text: spring catch G is pivotted upon E and is adapted to engage with a notch in the
standard F, so as to hold D normally in an upright position. The socket E is further
provided with a handle K by which the rod may be readily turned and the wheel drawn
up into contact with the supply wire in either direction. As seen in figure 1, the wires
of the whip at their ends are extended beyond the bearing of wheel C, so that the
wheel is held against lateral disengagement from A. This extension of D may take
the form shown in figure 15, where it has the shape of a ring concentric with the
bearing of the wheel. In this case there will be the proper guard above the wire at
whatever angle the whip may take to wire A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In an electric railway, the combination of an inclosed conducter upon one section,
a suspended conductor on a succeeding section, a vehicle electrically propelled adapted
to travel along both sections, and two contact devices therefor, one adapted to extend
into the inclosed slotted conduit to connect with one conductor, and the other consisting
of an arm having a contact surface at its outer extremity adapted to make a travelling
connection with the suspended conductor, and removable into and out of operative
position.
2. In an electric railway, having both an inclosed and an exposed section of supply
conductor, the combination, with an electrically propelled vehicle on the railway, of
two contact devices adapted to the supply conductors on the two sections. respectively,
and a branching conductor leading from the motor terminal to each of the said contact
devices.
3. In an electric railway, having both an inclosed and an exposed section of supply
conductor, the combination, with an electrically propelled vehicle of two contact
devices adapted to the two sections of supply conductor respectively and overlapping
the adjacent ends of the conductor sections, so that both may be in contact at the same
time.
4. In an electric railway, having both an inclosed and exposed conductor section,
the combination, with an electrically propelled vehicle, of a contact device beneath it
extending into the inclosing conduit to the conductor therein, and bearing on the
conductor, so as to be detachable therefrom, and a conductor adapted to connect the
exposed conductor section with the propelling motor.
5. In an electric railway, the combination with inclosed and exposed sections of
supply conductor, the former being in a sub-surface conduit, of an electrically propelled
vehicle adapted to travel along both sections, and having a conductor leading from the
motor terminal adapted to connect with the exposed section, and a removable contact
device for the inclosed section adapted to connect the motor with the conductor in the
conduit.
6. In an electric railway, the combination of a section of supply conductor inclosed
in a conduit beneath the surface of the roadway and a section suspended above the
surface, an electrically propelled vehicle having a conductor adapted to connect the
propelling motor with the suspended conductor, and a contact device leading into said
conduit to connect with the supply conductor therein, and movable relatively to the
vehicle, so as to be raised out of connection when the end of the inclosed section of
conductor is reached.
7. In an electric railway, the combination of a supply conductor having a section
of its length enclosed in a conduit beneath the surface of the roadway, and a section
suspended above the surface, an electrically propelled vehicle adapted to travel along
both sections of supply conductor in connection therewith, a conductor connecting the
propelling motor with the suspended supply conductor, a contact device connected to
said vehicle of a length to enter the conduit and connect with the supply conductor,
and lifting mechanism for elevating the said contact device above the surface of the
roadway.
8. In an electric railway having an inclosed and exposed supply conductor on

page_text: successive sections respectively, the combination, with an electric locomotive, of a
contact device adapted to maintain the connection of the motor with the supply
conductor of one section, and a second contact device adapted to the conductor of the
other section normally out of its operative position, but adapted to be moved into said
operative position when its section is reached.
9. In an electric railway, having an exposed and an inclosed section of supply
conductor, the latter being in a sub-surface conduit, the combination, with an
electrically propelled vehicle, of a contact device connecting with the inclosed con-
ductor and movable relatively to the vehicle, so as to present no obstacle to the
progress of the vehicle along the exposed section, and a stationary conductor on the
vehicle adapted to receive a second contact device connecting with the exposed con-
ductor, and also movable, so as to be out of operation along the inclosed section.
10. An electric locomotive provided with two sets of contact devices, one adapted
to connect with an exposed, and the other with an inclosed, electric supply conductor.
11. The combination, with an electric locomotive, of a contact plow extending into
a slotted conduit, and a transverse guide therefor, pivotted transversely, so as to have
a longitudinal movement.
12. The combination with plow P of a movable transverse guide therefor.
13. The combination, in an electric locomotive, of a motor geared to an axle of the
vehicle and fulcrummed thereon, so that its centre of gravity falls on one side of the
axle, with means for counterbalancing it on the opposite side of the axle.
14. The combination, in an electric locomotive, of a motor geared to an axle of the
vehicle and fulcrummed thereon so that its centre of gravity falls on
one side
of the axle, with means for spring counterbalancing it on the opposite side of the
axle.
15. The combination, in an electric locomotive, with a motor resting directly on the
axle, without the intervention of springs, and fulcrummed thereon, substantially as
described, of a gear connection between the motor and axle, and means for counter-
balancing the motor on the opposite side of the axle.
16. The combination, in an electric locomotive, of a motor rigidly framed with the
axle and geared thereto, journal boxes in the framing resting upon the axle so that
the centre of gravity falls at one side of the axle, and means for counterbalancing the
motor, so that the adhesive power of the locomotive may be increased.
17. The combination, in an electric locomotive, of a motor geared to an axle and
fulcrummed thereon so that its centre of gravity falls on one side of the axle, a trans-
verse bar between opposite journal boxes, and a counterbalancing connection from the
motor to said bar.
18. The combination with an electric motor and mechanism driven thereby, of an
intermediate counter shaft, about which the motor is spring centered, substantially as
described.
19. The combination, in an electric locomotive, of the counter shaft connected to
the axle and itself driven by gearing from the motor shaft, the motor, an axial support
therefor coincident with the axis of the counter shaft, and a spring in the line of
rotation of the motor about said support.
20. The combination, in an electric locomotive, of a frame journalled on the axle and
a motor and counter shaft supported thereby, the motor gearing with the counter
shaft and being spring centered thereon.
21. The combination, with an electric motor and mechanism driven thereby, of an
intermediate counter shaft, about which the motor is spring centered, substantially as
described.
22. The combination, in an electric locomotive, of the counter shaft connected to
the axle, and itself driven by gearing from the motor shaft, the motor, an axial
support therefor coincident with the axis of the counter shaft, and a spring in the line
of rotation of the motor about said support.
23. The combination, in an electric locomotive, of a frame journalled on the axle
and a motor and counter shaft supported thereby, the motor gearing with the counter
shaft and being spring centered thereon.

page_text: 24. The combination, with a vehicle and a propelling electric motor therefor
supported therefrom, of a non-resonant casing inclosing the motor.
25. The combination, with a vehicle, of an electric motor thereon, speed reducing
gearing between the motor shafs and car axle, and a non-resonant inclosing case for
the motor.
26. The combination of a vehicle, a propelling electric motor supported from the
axles, and an inclosing case for the motor, having an expansible part connected to the
spring supported car body.
27. In an electrically propelled vehicle, the combination, with the propelling motor,
of a circuit controlling regulator therefor, an actuating spring for moving it in one
direction, a manual device for moving it in the opposite direction, and a brake for the
vehicle controlled by said device.
28. In an electrically propelled vehicle, the combination, with the propelling motor,
of a circuit controlling regulator therefor, an actuating spring for operating it in one
direction a manual device for operating it in the opposite direction, and a brake for
the vehicle controlled by said levice.
29. In an electrically propelled vehicle, the combination, with the propelling motor,
of a circuit controlling regulator therefor, a manual device on each end of the vehicle
for actuating said regulator, and a brake for the vehicle controlled by said manual
device.
30. In an electrically propelled vehicle, the combination, with a brake, of a retractile
spring therefor, a manual device at each end of the vehicle for actuating said brake,
and an electrical regulator therefor connected with the said devices, so as to be worked
thereby.
31. In an electrically propelled vehicle, the combination, with the brake, of a
retractile spring therefor, a manual device on each end of the vehicle for actuating
said brake, the propelling motor, an electrical regulator therefor, a spring for
actuating it in one direction, and a connection with the said manual devices for
actuating it in the other direction.
32. The combination, in an electrically propelled vehicle, of a resistance, a brake,
and a common actuating device therefor extending to opposite ends of said vehicle.
33. In an artificial electric resistance, the combination, with a series of plates in
superficial contact, of a contact device and extensions on certain plates of the series
with which the contact device is adapted to connect.
34. The combination, in an artificial resistance, of a series of plates in superficial
contact, certain plates of the series projecting above the rest, with a contact device
adapted to sweep over the edges of the projecting plates.
35. In an artificial resistance, the combination of a series of exposed metallic plates
held in permanent superficial contact and stationary relatively to one another, a non-
combustible support therefor and a movable contact device sweeping over the series
to bring more or less of them into circuit.
36. The combination, with a variable artificial resistance, of a controlling device
therefor, and a supplementary circuit breaker in series therewith and placed in line of
action of said controlling device, so as to be operated thereby.
37. The combination, of a variable artificial resistance, a movable contact device
therefor, and a supplementary circuit breaker in series with said resistance and placed
at the terminal point of movement of said contact device, so as to be actuated thereby
after the resistance has been included in the circuit.
38. The combination, with a variable artificial resistance, of a controlling device
therefor, and a snap "circuit breaker in series with said resistance and placed in the
line of action of said controlling device, so as to be operated thereby.
39. The combination, with a variable artificial resistance, of a movable controlling
device therefor, a supplementary terminal contact, and a mechanical power accumulator
between it and the said controlling device, whereby a sudden and wide separation
between the contact devices may be effected.
40. The combination of a variable artificial resistance, a controlling device therefor,

page_text: a supplementary terminal contact, and an accumulating spring between it and the said
controlling device, substantially as described.
41. The combination, with double series of resistance plates, of a movable contact
device for each series in electrical connection with each other, and a line connection
at corresponding ends of the two series respectively, whereby any desired number
of plates may be included in the circuit.
42. An artificial resistance consisting of a series of metallic plates in superficial
contact and a box or frame having a non-conducting and non-combustible lining,
substantially as described.
43. The combination, with an electrically propelled vehicle, of an elevated supply
wire, a contact wheel placed on a rod or suitable extension from the vehicle, and
provided with lateral guards forming an extension of the support and extending
above the wire, preventing lateral displacement of the contact wheel.
44. The combination, with an electrically propelled vehicle, of a supply wire, a
contact device adapted to travel along said wire, and connected with a vehicle by a
flexible resilient rod, substantially as described.
45. The combination of an electrically propelled vehicle with an elevated supply
wire A, a contact wheel C and a flexible resilient rod or whip D having a pro-
jecting guard extending beyond the bearing of the wheel C and having an attachment
with the vehicle.
46. The combination, with an electrically propelled vehicle, of an elevated supply
wire, a rod extending from the vehicle, a contact on said rod adapted to bear against
the wire, and a catch for holding said rod in an upright position.
47. The combination, with a car B, of an elevated supply wire A, whip D, contact
wheel C, bearing against the under side of A and having an extension of D forming a
guard pivotted holder E and catch G for maintaining D in an upright position.
Dated this 19th day of September 1888.
B. J. B. MILLS.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.