Improvements in Ice Making and Cooling Machines and the Chemical Media Used therewith.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Oct., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 30th June, 1899-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ice Making and Cooling Machines and the Chemical
Media Used therewith.
AUGUSTUS CAMILLE, Colour Manufacturer & Drysalter, 141, Union Street,
Southwark, London, S.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention. to be
as follows:-
The invention has reference to an apparatus produced at a minimum of cost,
and by the use of which the temperature of fluids acted upon is reduced to the
freezing point within a fraction of an hour, and in the use of which the freezing
compound or compounds are applied in such a manner as to in no way affect
the said fluids to be cooled or frozen, either chemically or otherwise injuriously.
I make due provision against the expansion of the cooler contents in the con-
tainers of the fluids, and have well considered the question of conductivity of
heat and cold in the choice of materials for the manufacture of the containers.
My invention consists of a larger vessel with a sliding or revolving action-
according to the shape adopted and of suitable formation to enable the ready
removal of the ice, once formed, from it. It is of either lead, zinc, or iron, or
their alloys, or any other suitable material to meet the above-mentioned require-
ments. This said vessel acts independently of the glass or other transparent
cover, which latter is fixed by means of suitable stays upon the main basis or
foundation plane of the apparatus, and which cover is long and wide enough to
cover the sliding action of the said vessel or fluid container, where adopted. In
adopting the revolving action of the said vessel or fluid container, an attached
pivot or pin at the bottom simply fits into a hole provided in the main foundation
plane or board, while in the case of the modification, or sliding action above
named, a slot in either a straight line or in curvatures in which the said pivot
or pin glides, is substituted. Means are adopted both to reduce friction and to
ensure the hermetical closing of the vessel during action of the appliance, while
rollers or wheels and gliding bars or grooves can serve to reduce tension.
Another part of my invention is a proportionately sized container for holding
the freezing mixture or compound, and its main and lower part projects down
into the aforementioned vessel or fluid container through the said cover, into
which the neck of the said freezing mixture holder is securely fixed. This down-
ward projecting container is shaped in a manner as to ensure the greatest possible
agitation of the fluid to be cooled or frozen, as the motion of the said main
vessel occurs, and can be made in either glass, metals or other suitable material.
A continuous air-blast or draft is enacted upon the freezing mixture through the
upper projecting part, above the said cover of this small container, and such air-
blast or draft is regulated and made more constant by projecting downward,
nearing the said freezing mixture, of a glass or other suitable tube, or a series
of tubes with a finely receding point or end, or as a modification of these a series
of these pipette-like points may be connected with one main tube. The upper
and wide end of this downward projecting tube or ends of the series of tubes can
then from the upper end or ends be connected with the air-blast or draught

page_text: producing medium or medial by using ordinary india-rubber tubing, metal tubing,
or other suitable conduit. For this purpose I use air-blast or draft generators
such as a fan or propeller, or bellows provided with a reservoir ensuring a more
continuous supply, or both can be used combinedly. The actuation of either of
these means or in combination I also utilise to engender the said revolving or
sliding motion of the vessel or the fluid container aforesaid, by connecting them
suitably with a chain, or line, or lever, etc., and facilitating the action by means
of angle levers, etc., while the return motion of the said vessel must be secured by
the use of a wire spring coil, or 'ordinary lock spring, or india rubber bands,
connected with the said vessel and the foundation plane. Any other modification
of this arrangement by toothed wheels, worms, joints and cranks, etc., may be
made to secure the said motion, but the chain or line, and a spring for the return
action suitably allow for the point of congelation or condition at this point of
depression.
The cold developing qualities of the apparatus are still enhanced by suitably
jacketting the sides of the said main vessel or fluid container, and packing the
same with temperature reducing salts, such as sal ammoniac, salpeter, Glauber's
salt, nitrate of ammonia, common salt, etc., in given combinations and proportion's.
Finally the invention has reference to a desirable reduction of ensucing pres-
sure, by the use of suitable combinations of cold developing spirituous or other
substances, and I use ether subjected to the action of sulphur fumes, or ether
and bisulphide of carbon combined, or other suitable combinations.
Dated this the 30th day of September 1898.
Improvements in Ice Making and Cooling Machines and the Chemical
Media Used therewith.
AUGUSTUS CAMILLE, Colour Manufacturer & Drysalter, 141, Union Street,
Southwark, London, S.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
;
To
The object of my invention is to ensure an inexpensive and absolutely safe
apparatus to enable at any time or hour the production of a quantity of pure
ice as unaffected by surroundings or any chemicals used, within a reasonable
space of time.
Of the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 represents a sectional
view of the cooling arrangement consisting of three distinct vessels acting in
concert, viz., A, B and C A being the main vessel narrower at the bottom
than the top, or actual container of the fluid to be cooled or frozen; C being the
innermost vessel projecting down into it, and B being the vessel intended for
reserve cooling-action, or outer packing with given salts or their solutions.
ensure conductivity the vessel A. is made of such material as will remain
unaffected by the salts or solutions in the intermediate space between vessels A
and B, and will allow of the ready transposition or communication of the
depressed condition or cold to the interior of vessel A. I prefer the use of
aluminium metal for this purpose, but copper suitably plated on the outer side;
lead, zinc, silver, nickel or their alloys can be substituted. The enclosing
vessel B, which must be of non-conducting material and at the same time resist
the action of the charge of chemicals which it is to hold is made of glass, but
can be made of earthenware or resisting metals or other material well insulated from
without. In the centre at its bottom B is provided with a downward projection
:
人

page_text: hollowed. sufficiently for the pivot projecting downward from the bottom of
vessel A to sink into it and permit the revolving of the said vessel A inside of
said vessel B.
Vessel which projects downwards in the inner space of said vessel or con-
tainer A, is enclosed except for the tubular opening at the top, and which tube
passes upward through an opening in the steadying platform E which serves as
a cover or lid for said vessel A. Vessel C is secured simply by passing an india-
rubber stopper K over the said tubular top in vessel C and fixing into the
opening in platform E. Vessel C is preferrably made in copper or other con-
ductive metal which will transmit the cold generated within outward through
its walls as also for compatibility with the spirituous compounds it is to hold,
and the shape conical upward or or downward to permit ready removal.
The
shape-sidewise is to be such as to assist the agitation of the contents in said
vessel A in- its revolutions. But this agitation can be ensured by attaching one
or more plates to the sides of the said vessel C, in a manner suitable for ready
removal, by forming a kind of fan which causes the necessary disturbance afore-
said. G, G, are the supports upon which the transparent platform-produced in
glass, mica, cellulose, celluloid, or similar suitable material-is secured. They
are fixed to the base-board F, and into this base-board, or a socket bearing it
carries, the hollow downward projection of the said vessel B also drops, and the
latter can thus be revolved if necessary as well as the said vessel A-by connecting
the two. Tube D, of glass or suitable metal, etc. (provided with one or more
finely receding point) passing through the tubular orifice of vessel C, projects
into the said vessel C close upon the level of the spirituous fluid with which the
latter is charged for cooling or freezing purposes. The top of tube D is con-
nected to a rubber or other suitable tube H, which at the other end or ends is in
turn connected with a ventilating propelling-fan or constant acting
bellows provided with a reserve air compartment or reservoir, or with
both the propelling fan and the constant action bellows combined.
actuating one or both of these draught-generating media a constant and suffi-
ciently powerful current of air can be introduced upon the given quantity of the
volatile compound contained immediately below the lowest extremity of tube D,
to bring about the desired congelation or depressed state. An outwardly pro-
jecting plate e, suitably grooved or perforated, enables the attachment from one
end, to the said projection e, of pan A, of the metal return action roll-spring
or elastic band L, as secured to the support I at its extreme end. From the other
side or opposite the spring L, is attached to projection e-which projection e at its
free end is led by gliding in groove f-a line C consisting of catgut or other
suitable material. By means of pulleys, or reduction pulleys shown by d, or other
suitable means such as levers, this line is put in connection directly or indirectly
with a lever b, or ordinary handle, or wheel, in a suitable manner for direct
actuation, or more simply with the handle-lever of the bellows attached at
position a, or in any convenient manner with the axle of the air propelling-fan.
The bellows and air propelling-fan or either can be suitably connected with a
treadle, hand-lever, wheel to be worked by hand or by motive power as the case
or special size of the apparatus may demand. As media for charging the said
vessel C in given quantity, I either use ether of a low specific gravity, 0717 as
sold in commerce, and mixed with from 15 to 32 per cent. of bisulphide of carbon;
or the said ether mixed with from 7 to 13 per cent. of absolute alcohol; or as
another alternative liquid ammonia sp. g. 0880, mixed with 5 to 12 per cent. of
glycerine these proportions varying according to external temperatures or con-
ditions.
By
For charging or packing the surrounding reserve vessel B, or intermediate
space between the vessels B and A, I use mixtures of chloride of ammonium,
17 per cent. nitrate of potassium 10 per cent.: nitrate of ammonium, 7 per cent.
chloride of sodium: 10 per cent., and water, 56 per cent. but these proportions
may be varied to effect econonomy, and sulphate of sodium, 17. per cent. may take

page_text: the place of the nitrate of ammonium and chloride of sodium aforesaid. Under
favourable conditions, however, the use of this reserve vessel B with said charge
is avoidable and may be saved for future adjustment. The fluid or water to be
cooled or frozen is preferably boiled to reduce air contained in it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
(1) The inter-acting vessels or containers A, B, and C, as respectively produced
in the materials heretofore described, the stationary vessel C, and when necessary
the revolving of vessel B, C and B as depressing or cold generating vessels,
together with the auxiliary action of the respective compound mixtures in
vessel C, and the current or currents of air as generated by air propelling-fan or
constant action bellows or both combined, and conveyed into said vessel C through
tubes H and D). The revolving vessel A, with steadying platform E; A as the
container of fluids to be cooled or frozen and as a transmitter of cold from
vessel B without into the fluid it contains in the interior, as water previously
boiled to expel air as much as possible.
(2) The introduction into vessel C of a current or currents of air to act upon
the spirituous fluid-charge therein, through tubes H and D as combined with
the vessel C, and which current or currents of air are generated in the manner
described.
(3) The revolving action of vessel A, and on occasion also that of vessel B,
by the line of catgut or other suitable means by direct traction or by connection
with the handle-lever of the bellows or suitable arrangement affixed upon the axle
of the air propelling-fan, and the spring or elastic band L to ensure the return
action of the revolving vessel or vessels.
(4) The spirituous compounds for charging the vessel or container C, viz.,
ether and carbon bisulphide; ether and absolute alcohol; spirit of ammonia and
glycerine-in suitable proportions and quantities, and the charge acted upon
by an air current as described in the above.
(5) The uses in vessel B, as intermediary between vessels A and B, of solutions
of salts viz., chloride of ammonia, nitrate of potash, chloride of sodium, sulphate of
sodium, and water, in suitable combinations, proportions and quantity for each
charge.
Dated this the 30th day of June 1899.