IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON CISTERNS, LUTES, AND COVERS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Clifford Morgan, Henry Macaulay, and
Francis William Waide, of Baths Works, Rotherham, in the County
of York, Stove Grate Manufacturers and Ironfounders, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON CISTERNS,
LUTES, AND COVERS."
Sealed the 2nd March 1869, and dated the 9th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Clifford Morgan,
Henry Macaulay, and Francis William Waide at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th October
1868.
We, JAMES CLIFFORD MORGAN, HENRY MACAULAY, and FRANCIS
WILLIAM WAIDE, of Baths Works, Rotherham, in the County of York,
Stove Grate Manufacturers and Ironfounders, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CAST-IRON CISTERNS, LUTES, AND COVERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making the body and bottom of cast-iron
cisterns commonly used for household and domestic purposes for con-
taining hot or cold water or other fluids in one casting of any size, either
square, or oblong, or other shape with the corners either rounded, curved,

page_text: or chamferred, instead of being angular or square cornered as heretofore;
also for making the sides of body and bottom either straight or curved
or bent inwards or outwards, and for making the sides and bottom either
vertical or oblique so as to gain increased strength. By the above forms
we obtain as near as possible an equal distribution of metal and an even
expansion and contraction. These cisterns may have the lutes cast on
inside or outside, but we prefer fitting them with new and improved
forms of lutes made in one or more parts of a hook or S section or form
or otherwise to suit the shape of the cistern and to fit within or without
the top of cistern, part of it being turned over so as to rest upon and go
over its top edge or otherwise, and all round or otherwise, or to be made
to fit either within or without the cistern, having any convenient
number of laps resting in corresponding indentations or recesses in the
top edge of the cistern, or to fit within or without the cistern by being
sprung or knocked tight down so as to fasten by their own impingement
or rest on internal or external lumps cast on. And also to be fastened
with wires cast in, or otherwise, and bent down, or bolts and nuts cast in,
or loose, or otherwise, being made tight with putty or cement. The cover
being made to suit the shape of cistern and lute with the edges turned
down, round, curved, chamferred, or otherwise to rest in the hollow or
groove of the lute, the above lutes and covers being also applicable to
square, cornered, or other shaped cisterns. Also for moulds made in one
or more pieces the shape of the cisterns, or with one or more holes cut
out in the bottom with loose plate or plates, made to fit for the con-
venience of ramming up, or with moulds made with the bottom part in one
or more pieces, or with hole or holes in bottom, and plate or plates made
to fit and made to lift off the sides where the curve or chamfer com-
mences, and the sides of moulds made in any convenient number of
plates jointed vertically.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 3
filed by the said James Clifford Morgan, Henry Macaulay, and
Francis William Waide in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
CLIFFORD MORGAN, HENRY MACAULAY, and FRANCIS WILLIAM WAIDE, 3
of Baths Works, Rotherham, in the County of York, Stove Grate Manu-
facturers and Ironfounders, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight. hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said James Clifford Morgan, Henry Macaulay, and
Francis William Waide, Her special licence that we, the said James
Clifford Morgan, Henry Macaulay, and Francis William Waide, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
James Clifford Morgan, Henry Macaulay, and Francis William Waide,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON CISTERNS, LUTES, AND
COVERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James
Clifford Morgan, Henry Macaulay, and Francis William Waide, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or
their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Macaulay, on behalf of
myself and the said James Clifford Morgan and Francis William
Waide, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Hot water cisterns are now commonly employed and are usually
placed at the upper part of houses so that any part of the house may
be supplied with hot water, these cisterns have been closed over by a
lid made tight by a water lute or joint to prevent the escape of steam.
Such cisterns have heretofore commonly been made of a rectangular
form with the sides and bottom in one casting of cast iron, the corners
being made square or angular. The cast iron lid for closing over the
cistern has also been made with a descending flange all around it to
dip into a small trough containing water at the top of the cistern, and
these lids have also been made with their corners square or angular.
By thus making cast iron cisterns with square corners or edges, there

page_text: must necessarily be a greater thickness of metal at the corners or edges,
and from this cause such cisterns frequently crack from unequal
contraction and expansion.
This Invention consists in casting such cisterns and lids with rounded
or curved corners or edges instead of with angular corners or edges as here-
tofore, by which means we are not only enabled to obtain an even thickness
of metal all around the sides and at the corners or edges of the cistern,
but also from thus being able to ensure an even thickness of metal, we
are able to cast the cistern much lighter than was heretofore
practicable without any danger of its cracking, and thereby the cost of
producing such cisterns is materially lessened. We prefer that the
corners should be rounded off to a curve of a radius of 1 inches, but
this may be greatly varied.
Figures 1 and 2 shew respectively a transverse and longitudinal
section of a hot water cistern cast with rounded corners or edges as
above described and having a water trough or lute cast around, or it
might be attached to its upper edge; Figures 3 and 4 shew similar
views of the lid of the cistern which is also made with rounded corners
or edges. We prefer that the shallow trough around the top edge
of the cistern should be cast in one piece together with the cistern as
shewn in the Drawings, and also that the trough should be of the
form shewn full size at Figure 5, but this may be varied, and the trough
may be made separate from the cistern and be afterwards attached to
it, in this case the trough may be made of the section shown at Figure 6
with lugs c, c, cast on it at intervals so that it may be caused to clip over
or embrace the top edge of the cistern, the top edge of the cistern being
cut away to receive these lugs, or the water trough for forming a lute
or steam tight joint may otherwise be attached to the top of the cistern.
The sides of the cistern at their upper edges may also have small lugs
cast upon them, such as shown at a, a, in the Drawing into which
wires b, b, may be fixed, and such wires may be bent down over the
lugs c, c, of the lute to fix it securely on to the cistern. The sides and
bottom of the cistern might either be made plain surfaces, or such sides
or bottom might be slightly bent or arched inwards or outwards in the
middle to increase their strength, the sides also might either be vertical
or to incline slightly either outwards or inwards as may be desired.
Another part of our Invention consists in a method of forming moulds
for casting cisterns; we employ for this purpose a pattern of the form

page_text: of the cistern to be cast, such pattern having one or it might be more
holes in its bottom which can each be closed with a plate made to fit it;
to make the core of the mould the pattern is placed bottom upwards on
a bed plate, and the plate fitting the hole in the bottom is removed so
that the interior may be rammed up with sand to form the core; when
this has been done the plate is replaced and the exterior of the mould
is formed upon the exterior of the pattern in the ordinary manner.
The exterior mould is then taken off the pattern to allow the pattern to
be taken off the core, and when the exterior of the mould is again
placed over the core the mould is ready for casting. If the water
trough for forming a lute at the top of the cistern is to be cast on the
interior of the cistern the parts of the mould by which these parts are
moulded are withdrawn at the sides, whilst the pattern of the cistern is
raised up vertically.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Macaulay, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.