Improvements in Apparatus for Crushing or Disintegrating Bones or other Substances.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 18th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 18th Feb., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Crushing or Disintegrating Bones
or other Substances.
I EDWARD SANDERSON of 13 Grange Road, Sharrow, Sheffield in the
County of York, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus for crushing or disintegrating bones or other
substances such as consist of a casing in which revolve dises, arms or beaters the
substance disintegrated thereby passing from the apparatus through gratings or
perforated plates or parts of the casing. If the substance to be operated upon be
fed into the casing at a greater rate than it can be disintegrated and passed there-
from or if some hard foreign substance such as cannot be broken passes into the
machine damage is frequently done to the machine thereby and it is the object of
my invention to provide means whereby such injury is obviated.
According to my invention I make a portion or portions of the casing (preferably
the perforated plates or parts themselves) capable of opening, yielding or moving
outwards under undue pressure such as would be caused by the too rapid accumu-
lation of the substance being acted upon or by the pressure of a hard foreign
substance the said perforated parts or plates or yielding parts being kept in position
during normal work by means of springs weights or the like which may by means
of levers be caused to bear on the said perforated plates or parts with sufficient
force to keep them in position during normal work. On undue pressure occuring
from the aforesaid causes the perforated parts or plates or parts arranged to yield
will open out against the pressure of the springs or weights and the surplus or
foreign substance will pass through without causing injury to the machine.
Connected with the parts so capable of yielding or moving or with any other
part of the apparatus there may be arranged a trough or receiver which is, when
the parts yield, or open out are brought under the opening to receive the surplus
or foreign substance so that it will not contaminate the portions of the substance
which have been properly disintegrated and passed out of the machine the said
trough or receiver moving away again when the yielding plates or parts close.
Dated this 18th day of December 1890.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Crushing or Disintegrating Bones
or other Substances.
I JOSEPHINE SANDERSON Widow and Administratrix of Edward Sanderson
deceased of 13 Grange Road, Sharrow Sheffield in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to such apparatus for crushing or disintegrating bones or
other substances as consist of a casing in which revolve disks arms or beaters the
substance disintegrated thereby passing from the apparatus through gratings or
perforated plates or parts of the casing.
In machines of this kind as hitherto
constructed, if the substance to be operated upon be fed into the casing at a greater
rate than it can be disintegrated and passed therefrom, or if some hard foreign
Price 817

page_text: substance such as cannot be broken passes into the machine, damage is frequently
done to the machine thereby, and it is the object of my invention to provide means
whereby such injury is obviated.
According to this invention a portion or portions of the casing (preferably the
perforated plates or parts themselves) is made capable of opening yielding or
moving outwards under undue pressure such as would be caused by the too rapid
accumulation of the substance being acted upon or by the pressure of a hard foreign
substance the said perforated parts or plates or yielding parts being kept in position
during normal work by means of springs weights or the like which may by means
of levers be caused to bear on the said perforated plates or parts with sufficient
force to keep them in position during normal work.
On undue pressure occuring from the aforesaid causes, the part or plates or parts
arranged to yield will open out against the pressure of the springs or weights and
the surplus or foreign substance will pass through without causing injury to the
machine.
When the parts so capable of yielding or moving open out the superfluous
material or foreign substances will fall through the opening into a receiver below
so that it will not contaminate the portions of the substance which have been
properly disintegrated and passed out of the machine through the gratings.
Figure 1. of the accompanying drawing represents partly in side elevation and
_partly in longitudinal section a disintegrating machine.constructed according to this
invention.
Figure 2. is a plan, and Figure 3 a transverse section of the machine.
A is the casing_of_the_apparatus fitted in the interior with ordinary toothed
serrated or roughened surfaces a which in combination with rotating arms or
beaters B effect the crushing or disintegration of the bones or other material which
is fed into the machine through-a hopper C leading to an opening in one side of the
casing A. The shaft C2 carrying the arms or beaters B is mounted in bearings B²
and-may-be-rotated from any suitable prime-mover by a strap-passing round the
pulley C. The material when sufficiently crushed or reduced passes from the
interior of the machine through gratings D in the lower part of the periphery of
the casing into compartments E from whence the reduced material may be removed
when required by removing the ends or covers A2 of the casing A.
The gratings Dare hinged at d to the other part of the casing and are maintained
in their normal closed position by springs Feach connected by one of its ends to
the casing A its other end being attached to an adjusting screw passing through a
lever G carried on the grating or on the axis on which the grating turns, the said
screw being provided with a nut wheel y by which the power of the spring may be
regulated so as to cause the grating to bear on the material with greater or less
pressure as required.
Should the material accumulate in the machine so as to prevent the proper action
of the beaters the gratings will, by the undue pressure of the material thercon, be
caused to turn on their hinges d and open a passage at the bottom of the casing
through which passage, the superfluous material passes from the machine into a
suitable receptacle placed in position beneath the passage to receive it. To prevent
the superfluous material, thus liberated from the machine, from mixing with the
disintegrated material in the compartments E, the lower end of each grating is
provided with a curved projection which when the grating opens out slides in
proximity to the edge of the passage i through which the uncrushed material
passes into the receptacle below, thus preventing the mixture thereof with the
reduced material. In like manner should there be introduced into the casing any
material that is too hard to be crushed by the beaters B such for example as pieces
of iron and the like the said hard substances being pressed between the beaters and
the hinged gratings will cause the gratings to open out and allow the hard
substances to pass out through the passage i. It is obvious that a portion of the
reducable material will pass with the hard substances through the passage i into the
receptacle below but the hard substances may be readily removed therefrom- and

page_text: C
the other material be again fed into the hopper C. To prevent or reduce the
supply of material to the machine when the gratings D are opened out there is
provided in the hopper C a sliding valve c connected at its outer end to an arm H
(shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1) on the axis of one of the gratings D so that
when the grating is opened by any hard substances or by a surplus collection of
material the passage for the material from the hopper to the interior of the machine
will be contracted more or less according to the extent to which the discharge
passage i is opened. The great advantages of this machine over machines of the
kind as hitherto constructed are the non-liability to injury by the introduction of
hard substances or by the accumulation of material in the casing, and the prevention
of hard or uncrushed material mixing with the material which has been sufficiently
disintegrated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed i declare that what 1
claim is :-
:-
1. In apparatus for crushing or disintegrating bones or other substances a
cylindrical perforated casing having within it rotating arms or beaters between
which and the interior of the cylindrical casing the substances are crushed or
disintegrated the said cylindrical casing having a part or parts of it capable of
moving outwards under undue pressure inside the casing substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. In apparatus for crushing or disintegrating bones or other substances, a casing
within which the material is crushed, by means of rotating arms or beaters, the
casing having a part or parts of it capable of yielding or moving outward under
undue pressure of the substance in the casing, in combination with means for
conducting superfluous or uncrushed material from the apparatus so as to prevent
it mixing with the properly crushed material substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. The combination in apparatus for disintegrating bones and other substances of
yielding devices for discharging hard foreign substances and a receptacle for
receiving the discharged substances and preventing it from mixing with or con-
taminating the reduced or disintegrated material substantially as hereinbefore
described.
4. In apparatus for disintegrating bones and other substances, arms or beaters
caused to rotate in a casing provided with a grating or gratings through which the
crushed or reduced material passes, the said grating or gratings being capable of
yielding or opening out to permit of hard substances or of superfluous uncrushed
material passing from the apparatus, and provided with a projection or projections
for preventing the hard substances or uncrushed material from mixing with the
material which has passed through the gratings substantially as hereinbefore
described.
5. The construction combination and arrangement of parts constituting an
apparatus for disintegrating bones and other substances substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 17th day of September 1891.
JOSEPHINE SANDERSON.