Improvements in Apparatus for Effecting or Facilitating Arithmetical Calculations.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 16th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 7th Oct., 1893.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Effecting or Facilitating
Arithmetical Calculations.
I, LAWRENCE LORD of 66, Devonshire Road, Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My improved apparatus or calculator consists of a system of dial plates and
concentric rings or circles, having graduated scales marked upon them, and are
designed to act after the manner of the ordinary slide-rule, but on a far more
extended scale.
By preference, I employ two concentric rings or circles. The outer one is fixed
and stationary, whilst the inner one is movable, and within the inner circle is a
movable dial-plate. The fixed and movable rings or circles have near their inner
and outer edges, suitable scales of gradations; those on the inner edge of the
stationary ring corresponding with those on the outer edge of the inner or movable
ring or circle. The gradations on the inner edge of the inner ring are similar to
those on its outer edge. The dial-plate is also provided with suitable gradations
on its outer edge, more especially for obtaining values; and to the cuter edge of
the said dial plate is fixed at a determined point, say No. 1 of the gradations, a fine
finger or pointer with its point extending across the movable ring or circle on to
the fixed or stationary one.
Another pointer is employed projecting from the centre and extending across the
surface of the dial-plate and the rings or circles, which are all in the same plane.
These scales or gradations are intended for general calculation, such as multi-
plication, division, proportion, involution, evolution, &c.
The whole is enclosed in a metal framing or case, like that encircling the
movements of a watch.
The centre-finger, the inner ring and the dial-plate are each respectively actuated
by a milled knob, to which is attached a small spindle and pinion. The small
spindle belonging to the inner ring passes through the neck or pendent of the
casing, and forward to a crown wheel or other suitable gear on the back of the said
ring, which it actuates by means of a pinion or the like. The milled knobs for
actuating the dial plate and the centre pointer are preferably situated one on each
side of the pendent, their respective spindles passing through the casing, whilst
their pinions act upon crown wheels, or other suitable gear, fixed to the centre
pointer and centre dial.
The apparatus is specially adapted for calculating, in textile industries, the
quantities of weft, warp reed, pick, counts, length and value.
On one portion of the fixed ring or circle may be a double scale, which is used
specially for per centages in getting warp and weft.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1892.
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Effecting or Facilitating
Arithmetical Calculations.
I, LAWRENCE LORD of 66, Devonshire Road, Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improved apparatus or calculator consists of a system of dial plates and
concentric rings or circles, having graduated scales marked upon them, and designed
to act after the manner of the ordinary slide rule, but on a far more extended
scale.
By preference, I employ two concentric rings or circles. The outer one is fixed
and stationary, whilst the inner one is movable, and within the inner circle is a
movable dial-plate. The fixed and movable rings or circles have near their inner
and outer edges, suitable scales of graduations; those on the inner edge of the
stationary ring corresponding with those on the outer edge of the inner or movable
ring or circle. The graduations on the inner edge of the inner ring are similar to
those on its outer edge. The dial plate is also provided with suitable graduations on
its outer edge, more especially for obtaining values, and to the outer edge of the
said dial-plate is fixed at a determined point, say No. 1 of the graduations, a fine
finger or pointer extending. across the movable ring or circle on to the fixed or
stationary one.
Another pointer is employed, projecting from the centre and extending across
the dial-plate, and the rings or circles, which are all in the same plane.
These scales or graduations are for general calculations, such as multiplication,
division, proportion, involution, evolution, &c.
The whole is enclosed in a metal framing or case like that encircling the
movements of a watch.
The centre finger, the inner ring, and the dial-plate are each respectively actuated
by a milled knob, to which is attached a small spindle and pinion. The small
spindle belonging to the inner ring passes through the neck or pendant of the
casing and forward to a crown-wheel or other suitable gear on the back of the said
ring, which it actuates by means of a pinion or the like. The milled knobs for
actuating the dial-plate and the centre pointer are preferably attached one on each
side of the pendent; their respective spindles passing through the casing, whilst
their pinions act upon crown-wheels, or other suitable gear, fixed to the centre
pointer and centre dial.
The apparatus is specially adapted for calculating in textile industries the
quantities of weft, warp, reed, pick, counts, length and value.
On one portion of the fixed ring or circle may be a double scale, which is used
specially for per centages in getting warp and weft.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a plan view of my improved apparatus or calculator on a large
scale in order to shew clearly and distinctly the various graduations upon it,
although it may conveniently be constructed in a pocket or watch form as previously
described.
A is the fixed or stationary ring having on its inner and outer edges suitable
graduations, and also a small scale or scales commencing from 56 or 84 of the inner
graduations and continuing in a reverse direction to 46% and 70 respectively. The
fatter of these small scales is. specially valuable for obtaining per centages in
calculations for cotton, whilst the former is used for calculating per centages for
woollen good. Neither scale, however, need necessarily be confined to any special

page_text: position or to any dimensions on the fixed or stationary ring, their present positions
only being most suitable for the purpose. B is the inner or movable ring having
on its inner and outer edges suitable graduations; those on its outer edge corre-
sponding with the graduations on the inner edge of the fixed or stationary concentric
ring A, whilst those on its inner edge are similar to those on its outer edge.
Within the inner circle or ring is a movable dial plate Calso provided on its outer
edge with suitable graduations more especially for obtaining values, and for that
purpose, each numeral of the scale is divided into sixteenths or eighths instead of
decimal fractions like the preceding scales. To the outer edge of the said dial
plate is fixed at a determined point, say No. 1 of the graduations, a fine finger or
pointer D, extending across the movable ring or circle B on to the fixed or
stationary one A, and in a line radius with the centre of the instrument. The
graduations on the respective rings and dial plate may be further subdivided as
desired.
Another pointer E is employed, capable of being moved round, projecting from
the centre, and extending across the dial plate, and the rings or circles, which are
all in the same plane.
These scales or graduations may be used for general calculations, but the
apparatus is more particularly adapted for calculating in textile industries the
quantities of weft, warp, reed, pick, counts, length and value. For involution and
evolution and obtaining the logarithms of numbers, I make use of the scale on the
outer edge of the stationary ring A, which said scale is further subdivided round
the entire circumference as from zero to No. 1 of the graduations.
As a practical illustration of the working of my instrument, suppose it is required
to find the weight and value of warp in a cotton piece 32 in. wide, 126 yards long,
woven in a 70 reed, with 46 counts allowing 12% for contraction at 8d. per pound.
The problem stated arithmetically would stand thus :-
The two results would be found on the instrument thus :-Set pointer D opposite
length (126) on A. Set reed (70) on B opposite contraction 12 on small scale on A.
Set pointer E opposite counts (46) on B; then turn until the width (32) comes
under pointer E. Pointer D will now point to the weight on B, and opposite the
price 8d. on C will be the value. Similarly, opposite any other price on C will be
the value at that price. By bringing successive widths under the pointer E, the
same thing may be obtained in relation to them.
Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a back view (half size) of my improved apparatus or calculator
shewing the working parts. A. is the outer or fixed ring; B the inner concentric
ring, to which is secured crown wheel F, into which gears pinion N carried by
shaft and operated by handle P. The handle J operates long pointer E by
means of shaft K and bevel gear L, whilst the movable dial plate C is operated
by crown-wheel M (fixed on any suitable portion of its face) pinion G, shaft H and
handle I.
The whole apparatus may be enclosed within a neatly constructed box or case Q
when the instrument is large, and the dials protected from damage by a glass cover.
There may be hinged to the said case a small writing desk in place of a lid, for
taking notes, and the instrument itself may be supported in an upright or partially
inclined position by means of a folding leaf. In the smaller instruments the case is
preferably in the form of a watch, and milled knobs are used to operate the dials
and pointers in substitution of handles I, J and P, whilst the fixed scale for
obtaining the logarithms of numbers may be engraved on the back thereof to
decrease the size of the instrument.
•
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the particular form of
driving arrangement herein described, as it will be evident, other driving arrange-
ments may be devised for the purpose.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved apparatus or calculator, substantially as described and illustrated
in Figs. 1 and 2.
2. The fixed and movable concentric rings A and B, movable dial-plate C, and
fixed and movable pointers D and E, substantially as described and illustrated.
3. The scales and graduations, substantially as described and illustrated in Fig. 1.
4. The working parts for driving the said dials, concentric rings and pointers,
substantially as described and illustrated in Fig. 2.
Dated this 15th day of August 1893.
F. RICHMOND,
79, St. James Street, Burnley, Patent Agent.