IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
Sealed the 22nd February 1856, and dated the 11th December 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1855.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
BOLTS, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the manufacture of bolts, and
to ensure the upsetting of the head centrally with respect to the shank.
The chief features of the improved machine for manufacturing bolts may
be thus described:-The die which receives the heated metal to be forged into
a bolt is carried by a holder, which is hinged to the main framing, and is
capable of being thrown out of the vertical to facilitate the insertion of the
metal, and subsequently the discharge of the forged bolt. Passing up through
this holder is a plunger, which rests upon a rocking lever, the fulcrum of which
is in advance of the hinge of the holder. This arrangement ensures the rising

page_text: of the plunger (which carries a rod of a diameter corresponding to the shank
of the bolt) to force out the bolt from the die, simultaneously with the move-
ment of the holder, out of a vertical position, to admit of its discharge. That
portion of the holder to which the die is attached is tubular, and is capable of
turning on its axis by reason of a cog wheel gearing into a ring of teeth
formed upon--it.
The object of this axial motion will be presently explained. Immediately
above the die in which the heated metal is placed is the heading tool, which
carries at its extremity a loose sleeve or guide. This guide on the descent of
the heading tool first reaches the die, and, surrounding the heated metal con-
tained therein, acts the part of a mould or die to the metal, which is struck up
by the heading tool, to form the head of the bolt. To prevent this guide from
drawing the bolt out of the die on the ascent of the heading tool, a slight axial
motion is given to it just prior to the upward movement, by reason of an arm
striking against a projection on the sleeve or guide.. The heading tool then
rises out of the way. A pair of dies (which move horizontally) then comes
forward to square the head, or give it a sexagon or other shape. These, dies
are simultaneously advanced by a knuckle joint arrangement, and caused to
strike on opposite sides of the bolt head. They then recede, and a slight
axial motion is given to the die, through the gearing above mentioned, to bring
round a fresh portion of the head to the action of the pair of dies, which,
advancing once again, will (if the head is to be square) complete the bolt.
When a sexagon head is required, this action is to be performed three times,
and so on. The holder is next lowered, and the finished bolt is thrown out of
the die
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th June 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,- ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord 1855, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her
heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent

page_text: Newton, Her special license that. I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS," being a com-
munication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,. the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and 'cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Fig. 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2, a vertical section, upon the line A, A, of
Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a plan of the parts above the line B, B, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a
section upon the line B, B, of Fig. 1, and plan of the parts beneath; Fig. 5,
an isometric view of a portion of the operating parts detached; Figs. 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, & 11, details, which will be more particularly referred to hereafter.
The bottom casting D is firmly secured to a foundation of stone or other
suitable masonry; from this casting rise the uprights C, which support the
operating parts of the machine, and carry the bed piece E; from the latter,
rise the standards F, which with the uprights C carry the driving shaft G..
The tie rods D serve to give additional support to the uprights C. H are
driving pullies and fly wheels upon the shaft G; I are eccentrics, which operate
the toggles K, by which means motion is given to the slides or carriages L, in
which are secured the slide punches i, i, that form the sides of the bolt heads,
the operation of which will be more fully described.hereafter. The header or
upsetting punch M is caused to rise and descend. by the eccentric N upon the
driving shaft G. O is a socket, which slides freely upon the punch M, the
hole through the socket for the passage of the punch being slightly larger than
the head of the bolt to be made. This socket is forced down. into the position
represented in Fig. 2 by india-rubber or other springs, or it may be allowed to
play so freely as to drop of itself. When the punch descends, the socket. pre-

page_text: ceeds it, passing over the iron intended for the head, and entirely surrounding
it. So soon as the socket strikes the "heading tool" it remains stationary, and
the punch passes through it, mashing down the iron intended for the head, and
giving to it the exact form of the hole through the socket, which latter pre-
vents it from being formed out. of center with respect to the shank. As the
punch ascends it takes the socket with it, but there would be danger at times
that the bolt would cling to the socket, and be drawn out of the heading tool;
to prevent this, I employ a device. for the purpose of throwing up the socket
before the punch rises, and while the latter still holds down, the bolt, which
will be hereafter more particularly described.
I will now. describe the construction and operation of the bolt holder.
This holder, which is represented at P, Fig. 9, is supported by its carrier Q,
within which it is caused to revolve intermittently in the following manner :-
R is a gear upon the driving shaft, which engages with the gear S upon the
shaft T, which also carries the mitre gear U; this latter engages with a similar
gear W upon the vertical shaft.X; Y is a wheel, having two teeth (Fig. 6);
Z, a similar wheel with three teeth (Fig. 8), the two being attached to a sleve
V, which is made adjustable upon the shaft X by means of a screw, so that
the upper wheel Y may be made to engage with the cog wheel A', or the
lower wheel Z with the wheel B', as desired, for the purpose of revolving the
bolt holder, as will be hereafter more fully explained. The wheels A', B', are
secured to the vertical shaft C¹ (Fig. 2), which also carries a gear D', that
engages with a similar gear E¹ upon the bottom of the bolt holder.
In place of the above-described arrangement, a dog upon the vertical shaft
✗ may be caused to engage each time it revolves with one of the teeth of a
four or six toothed wheel, and thus cause the shaft C' to make one-fourth or
one-sixth of a revolution, as required. The bolt holder is swung in and out
of position, for the purpose of putting in the blank and taking out the finished
bolt, in the following manner :-The gudgeons F¹ of the carrier Q rest in
boxes G' in the uprights C. H' is a slide of the form represented in Fig. 2,
which is cut away at I¹ for the passage of the shaft X; this slide is connected
with the carrier. Q by the link K', and is moved back and forth for the pur-
pose of throwing the bolt holder in and out of position, as follows:-U¹ is a
sleve, which revolves with the shaft X, upon which it is allowed to slide with
a spline; this sleve carries the cams W, W', and is raised and lowered by the
fork. X, operated by the hand lever Y', pivoted at a. When the lever
Y¹ is depressed, the sleve U¹ is raised, so as to bring its cams opposite to the
pin b upou the slide E', which is thus moved in the direction of the arrow y
(Fig. 2). When the slide is depressed, the cams as they revolve strike against

page_text: the pin c, and the slide II' is thrown in the opposite direction, carrying with
it the bolt holder, which is thus thrown into the position seen in red in
Fig. 10.
It will be seen, by an inspection of Fig. 2, that the point of support F¹ of
the bolt holder is not beneath the centre of the latter, but upon one side, and
it therefore becomes necessary when the pressure comes upon the holder that
it be held firmly, to prevent it from being thrown out of position; this is
effected in the following manner :-In Fig. 2 is seen a cam or block P¹, which,
when the bolt holder is thrown into its operating position, is placed between it
and the bed E, by which means the bolt holder is held immovable. In order
that the latter may be thrown-forward when required, the cam P¹ is depressed
before the holder begins to move, as follows:-L' is a shaft secured to the
uprights C, upon which vibrate the arms M', N', (Fig. 5). The latter is
connected by the bent lever T¹ with the slide H', and the arm M¹ is connected
with the cam P¹, which vibrates upon the short shaft Qu. The arms M', N¹,
being cast in one piece or otherwise united together; it follows, that as the
slide H¹ is moved in the direction of its arrow; for the purpose of bringing the
bolt holder beneath the punch, the cam P¹ is brought into the position seen in
Fig. 2, and the bolt holder is held immovable. In order that the cam may be
depressed out of the way before the bolt holder begins to move, the pin which
connects the holder with the slide H¹ passes through a slot 2, Fig. 2, in the
slide, which enables the latter to move sufficiently to depress the cam P¹ before
the bolt holder begins to move. The cam P¹ is prevented from being thrown
down by the pressure upon the bolt holder by means of the weight S¹ upon
the lever R¹, which holds the shaft Q" from turning until the cam P¹is
depressed by the motion of the slide H¹. Z' is a hardened steel die or heading
tool, having a hole drilled through its centre of a size corresponding to that of
the shank of the bolt; A2 is a rod which passes up through the centre of the
bolt holder, and has a hole drilled in its upper end to accomodate the rod f
(Fig. 2), which supports the bolt while its head is being upset. The rod A²
rests at the point g in a suitable support B², and thus, as the bolt holder is
thrown out, the rod A2 will rise therein and force out the bolt, as seen in'
Fig. 10. It has heretofore been found very difficult, both with machine and
hand made bolts, to place the shank directly in the centre of the head; it is
evident, however, that the sliding socket, operating as above described, will
cause the head to be upset centrally with respect to the shank, and that this,
together with the simultaneous and equable operation of the punches upon
opposite sides of the head; will entirely remove the difficulty.

page_text: of
the
The iron employed is of the size of the shank of the finished bolt, a portion of
the metal being upset to form the head; the bolt holder being thrown forward,
as seen in red in Fig. 10, and the machine being set in motion,. a blank
Fig. 11) beated to the proper degree is dropped into the hole in the heading
tool Z¹; the lever Y¹ is then depressed, and the cam W' operating upon the
pin b, returns the bolt holder to its position beneath the upsetting punch, which
now descends to upset the metal for the head, the sliding. socket surrounding
the bolt head, and preventing it from being forced out of centre. Before the
upsetting punch is raised, the following device is employed, for the
purpose
freeing the sliding socket from the bolt head:-When the socket is in its lowest
position and resting upon the heading tool, the spur k projecting therefrom
bears against the short arm of the lever m (which is pivoted at n), and raises its
longer arm into such a position that it shall be struck by the camp upon
shaft X as the latter revolves, by which means the socket is thrown up and
freed from the head of the bolt; this takes place, as before stated, before the
punch commences to rise. The upsetting punch is now drawn up by its crank
N, and the side punches i come up and form two opposite sides of the bolt
head; as these recede, the bolt holder is caused to make one-fourth of a revolu-
tion, the wheel Z (Fig. 8) being employed for the purpose. If a six-sided
bolt is required, the wheel Y (Fig. 6) is made use of, which gives the bolt
holder one-sixth of a revolution between each operation of the punches; the
hole in the sliding socket is also made to correspond with the shape of the
finished bolt head, whether six or four sided, and is about one thirty-second of
an inch larger than the bolt head all around. The upsetting punch now
descends'again, and the side punches are brought up to form two new faces of
the head; the side and top punches thus alternate with each other until the
bolt head is completed, when the operator raises the lever Y¹, and the sleve U₁
is caused to descend, and the cam W' is brought to bear upon the pin c, by
which means the bolt holder is thrown out, and the bolt is projected from the
die Z', whence it is removed by the operator; its place is then supplied by a
new blank, and the operation continues as before.
As already stated, the sliding socket O prevents the iron of the head from
being forced out of centre when the upsetting punch first. descends upon it.
During the succeeding operations of the punch the socket is not required, and
should it fail to pass down over the head it may rest on top of it, the punch
passing freely through it to complete its work upon the bolt head.

page_text: Having now set forth the nature of this Invention, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First, the sliding socket, operating in the manner substantially as herein set
forth, for the purpose of upsetting the head centrally with respect to the shank,
as described.
Second, the two side punches, operating simultaneously and equably upon
opposite sides of the bolt, in combination with the intermittent rotary motion
of the bolt holder, for the purpose of finishing the bolt head with its centre in
the axis of the shank, as set forth.
Third, the forward and back motion of the bolt holder, when the rod A²,
which ejects the bolt, is supported at a point in advance of that on which
the bolt holder vibrates, for the purpose of ejecting the finished bolt, as
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)