Improvement in Typewriters.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Jan., 1899-Accepted, 25th Feb.,
1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Typewriters.
I, ROBERT EDWARD PHILLIPS, of 70, Chancery Lane, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which
has been communicated to me from abroad by Frederic W. Hillard, of 299,
Broadway, City, County and State of New York, Manufacturer) and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention is an improvement in the escapement mechanism of typewriting
machines, and consists in a device for increasing the speed of the carriage, and for
reducing the force necessary to operate the escapement. In the accompanying
drawings which form a part of this specification, I have shown two forms of my
invention applied to the No. 2 Remington typewriter, and one form applied to the
No. 6 Remington typewriter; the first mentioned machine being provided with a
straight rack mounted upon the carriage and movable therewith and engaging
with the escapement dogs, and the latter being provided with a wheel escapement.
My invention is applicable to all known styles of racks and escapement dogs.
I use the term rack and escapement wheel interchangeably herein, the former
being generic and the latter specific and included within the genus rack. In
the claims where I employ the term rack I intend to include within the meaning
of that term escapement wheels, and all known styles of racks. In the machines
which I show, the paper is mounted upon and feeds with the carriage, but of
course my invention is applicable to other machines, as for example, those in
which the carriage supports and feeds the printing mechanism; and I wish to
have it understood that I include such other constructions in the claims, excepting
where the claims are specifically limited to paper carriages.
In the drawings only such parts are shown as are necessary to illustrate my
invention.
Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive show one form of my escapement adapted to the
No. 2 Remington typewriter.
Figs. 6 to 13 inclusive show my invention applied to the No. 6 Remington
typewriter.
Figs. 14 to 24 inclusive show a modification of my invention adapted to the
No. 2 Remington typewriter.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the rear part of the typewriter. The contour of the
top frame of the machine is curved at the rear differently from the No. 2 Remington
typewriter, and the rack is shown shorter than the No. 2 Remington typewriter
rack, so as to make room for the other figures on the sheet. But the dogs, and
the dog carrying rocker frame and the rack teeth, and all essential parts of the
escapement are shown in the manner in which I have adapted them to, and am
using them upon the No. 2 Remington typewriter.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the escapement, and of parts of the supporting frame
of the machine, seen from the rear. Fig. 2 is a side view of the rocker frame
and parts thereon as seen from the front of the machine.
Fig. 3 is a view of the escapement as seen from the left of the machine, look-

page_text: ing along the rack in the direction of the arrow on Fig. 1. This figure is a
sectional view on the line X-X of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail plan view of the dogs, and of the spring and spring
holder for the swivelling dog. This figure is a positional view of the parts at the
end of the down stroke of the key.
Fig. 4 is a modification of the parts shown in Fig. 4. This figure shows tho
parts in their normal positions.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the machine cut through from front to rear on
the line X-X of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a view of the wheel escapement of No. 6 Remington typewriter,
seen from the same position as Fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is a view of the wheel escapement, and part of the machine frame and
carriage, corresponding to Fig. 3, but looking at the machine in the opposite
direction, since the dogs face in a direction opposite to that of the dogs in
Fig. 3.
Figs. 8, 9 & 10, 11, 12 & 13 are respectively plan and side views of the wheel
escapement mechanism.
Figs. 8 and 11 show the normal position of the parts.
Figs. 9 and 12 show the position at the end of the down stroke of the key.
Figs. 10 and 13 show the parts during the re-engagement of the normally
engaging members, at about the middle of the return of the key to its lifted
position.
Rig. 11 is similar to Fig. 7, excepting that many parts shown in Fig. 7 are
removed in Fig. 11.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of a portion of the No. 2 Remington typewriter, one
side being broken away, and the rear part being broken away to show the escape-
ment mechanism.
Fig, 15 is a sectional side view on the line Y-Y of Fig. 14.
Figs. 16 to 24 inclusive are positional views of the escapement mechanism of
Figs. 14 and 15.
Figs. 16, 17 & 18 show the positions of the parts in the normal unused condition
of the machine Figs. 19, 20 & 21 show the corresponding positions of the parts
at the end of the down stroke of a type key; and Figs. 22, 23 & 24 show the
positions during the return of the parts to normal position, when the key is about
one-half way lifted to its raised position.
Figs. 16, 19 & 22 are views of the escapement seen from the rear of the type-
writer Figs, 17, 20 & 23 are views of the escapement looking at the machine
from the left hand side, in the direction of the arrow on Fig. 14; Figs. 18, 21
& 24 are views of the escapement seen from the front of the typewriter.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, the rack 1 is securely fastened to the rack
frame 2 and is hinged to the carriage 3 in engagement with the escapement
dogs, and can be lifted up off from the dogs at will by depressing the carriage release
key (not shown) in the ordinary manner. Mounted upon the dog carrying rocker
or rocker frame 4, are the two escapement dogs, viz., the spacing dog 5, which
normally engages with the rack, and the swivelling dog 6, which is normally
out of engagement with the rack. The rocker frame is mounted upon pivots 77
which pass through lugs cast upon the machine frame. The lower end of the
rocker frame is provided with an arm bent inwardly and extending toward the
front of the machine, and to which the usual cross bar 8 is attached. The con-
necting wires 99 Hook over the bar 8 at each side of the machine, and at its
opposite end each connecting wire is fastened to the universal bar 10 which
extends under all of the key levers so as to rock the dog carrying frame 4 inwardly
every time the key is depressed.
The spacing dog 5 is pivoted to the rocker frame by screw 11, and it spaces
backward and then forward in the direction of the rack feed whenever it is dis-
engaged and then re-engaged with the rack. When out of engagement with
the rack it is held in a position intermediate between the limits of its forward and

page_text: backward vibrations on the rocker frame by spring 12 (shown in dotted lines in
Fig. 2 and in full lines in Fig. 24), which engages with the lower end 5" of the
dog, both in front of, and back of the dog, so as to permit the dog to be spaced
forward with the rack by the pull of the main spring, and also to be spaced
backward out of engagement with the rack whenever the carriage is retracted
toward its initial or starting point, without lifting the rack up off from the dog.
Spring 12 is coiled about screw 12" and controlled by spring holder 13, which
is adjustable, being pivoted upon the screw 12" and being provided with a slot
and clamping screw 13". This method of mounting the spacing dog on the
rocker frame and controlling it normally in a central intermediate position by
means of spring 12, is well known in the art, and it does not constitute any part
of my present invention. I have not shown the propelling power for feeding the
rack and carriage forward, but such propelling power may consist of any force,
as for example the main spring of the No. 2 Remington typewriter. The spacing
dog 5 is mounted on the inner side of the rocker. Directly opposite the spacing
dog, on the outer or rear side of the rocker, is mounted the swivelling dog 6.
Upon the outer side of the rocker frame is the lug 14, which is bored out to
receive the shank of the swivelling dog. The swivelling dog is prevented from
being litted bodily up out of the rocker frame by means of the screw 15 which
is fastened in the bottom of the shank of the swivelling dog; said shank being
bored out and threaded to receive the screw. A spring 16 is fastened to the rocker
frame by means of screws 17 17 and is provided with a slot 18 for raising and
lowering the inner end of the spring. When the spring 16 is in the raised position
shown it performs no function. But when it is lowered, by shifting the slot 18
downwardly beneath screw 17, the inner end of the spring rests either in the
normal position of the rocker frame or after it has been swung inwardly upon
and is flexed by part 19 of the rear of the typewriter frame. In the latter case
the spring 16 may be utilized to return the rocker frame to normal position,
and it is also useful for imparting a heavier tension to the keys when such tension
is desired by the operator.
I have also provided another spring 20. This spring performs a plurality of
functions. One of these functions is to return the rocker frame to normal position
after a blow on the key. This function is possessed by spring 20 in common with
spring 16, when the latter is adjusted as above described, and either of the
springs may be made to effect the function independently, or both springs may
be utilized together. Another function of spring 20 is to space the swivelling
dog 6 backward when out of engagement with the rack, so as to move the dog
into position for engagement with the next succeeding rack tooth. Spring 20
also performs the function of offering resistance to the pull of the carriage pro-
pelling power while the swivelling dog is engaged with the rack, which varies
at different periods of said engagement and varies with the strength of spring 20.
For instance, if spring 20 is very strong relatively to the main spring, or other
carriage propelling power, it will prevent the swivelling dog from being moved
forward by the main spring while in engagement with the rack. If the two
springs are very evenly balanced, the pull of the main spring being slightly the
stronger, the swivelling dog will swing on its axis under the pull of the main
spring, and the carriage will be drawn forward while the swivelling dog is being
disengaged from the rack. This imparts a very smooth feed to the carriage. If
the pull of the main spring is much stronger than the resistance offered by
spring 20 dog 6 will be rapidly swivelled forward as soon as it is engaged with
the rack, and when so swivelled presents its rack engaging face at an incline
to the direction of the feed of the rack, or in an oblique direction to the feeding
movement, so that the main spring assists in disengaging the swivelling dog
from the rack and re-engaging the spacing dog therewith.
Spring 20 is mounted upon spring holder 21, and is coiled around screw 22.
Spring holder 21 is bent up at right angles at the left end to form the part 23.
Part 23 is provided with a hole 24 through which the rear end of the spring 20

page_text: passes, and with a slot 25 through which the front end of spring 20 passes, an.]
in which it can play from one side to the other with swivelling dog 6 when the
rocker frame is swung in and out by the depression of the keys. Screw 26 is
provided for more securely fastening holder 21 to the frame of the machine. If
desired the holder 21 may be provided with slots for adjustment under screws 22
and 26. The bent part 27 of holder 21 passes above the rack frame 2 and prevents
the rack from being lifted too high off from the dogs, in the usual manner. The
swivelling dog 6 is provided with an arm 28 substantially at right angles to the
rack engaging face of the dog. The spring 20 passes over the top of the swivelling
dog and at the extreme end is bent downward and lies inside of the arm 28.
as appears in Fig. 3. The spring is so tensioned that it constantly presses toward
the rear of the typewriter against arm 28 and thus tends, first to swing rack
engaging face of the swivelling dog 6 toward the left (see Fig. 1), or backward
into line with the spacing dog 5, and secondly to swing the entire rocker frame 4
with the dogs 5 and 6 toward the rear of the machine, so as to hold the spacing
dog 5 in engagement with rack and swivelling dog 6 to the rear and out of
engagement with the rack. Upon the depression of the key the swivelling dog
is moved into engagement with the rack, and the spacing dog is moved out of
engagement therewith; and then, if the main spring is relatively stronger than
spring 20, the swivelling dog will be drawn forward, or to the right, in the
direction of the arrow in Fig. 1, and present its engaging face at an incline, or
in an oblique direction, to the rack, as is shown in Figs. 4 & 5. When the
swivelling dog is in position shown in Figs. 4 & 5, the main spring, or other
propelling power, is brought into action with the escapement to disengage the
swivelling dog from the rack and to re-engage the spacing dog therewith; the
inclined face of the swivelling dog acting as a cam for re-engaging the normally
engaging escapement members, and for lifting the keys 29 29 and for returning
each of the type bars 30 30 from the printing point at the platen 31 toward its
normal position of rest in the basket 32. In this construction therefore, the
main spring or other carriage propelling power acts through the escapement to
return the keys, and all parts operatively connected therewith, as for instance,
the type bars, to their normal position. The type bars are attached to and
actuated by the key levers 33 33 by means of the connecting wires 34 34 and the
turn buckles 35 35, in the usual manner, and the usual adjustments are provided
for connecting wires 34 and also for the rocker frame connecting wires 9.
In Figs. 6 to 13 inclusive I have only shown the escapement mechanism. The
connections of the keys and type bars, etc., are not shown. But the keys, key
levers, type bars, etc., are operatively connected with the escapement in this con-
struction in the ordinary way, in a manner substantially the same as that in
which they are connected with the escapement in construction of Figs. 1 to 5
inclusive.
The feed rack 50 is mounted on the carriage 51 and engages with pinion 52.
The pinion is fastened to the inner end of the shaft journalled in bracket 53
and the escapement wheel 54 is mounted on the outer end of the shaft. Escape-
ment wheel 54 is referred to broadly in the accompanying claims by the term
rack. The dog rocker 55 is pivoted on dependent bracket 56. The dog rocker
is provided with two pivoted dogs 57 and 58, which alternately engage and dis-
engage with the escapement wheel so as to permit the escapement wheel to
rotate step by step under the influence of the main spring (not shown) and thus
feed the carriage. Dog.57 engages with the escapement-wheel during the normal
unused condition of the machine. This dog is of the usual style and spring-
pressed in the usual manner by spring 59. So long as dog 57 is engaged with
the escapement wheel it is drawn to the limit of its forward movement, in contact
with screw 60.
Dog 58 is normally out of engagement with the escapement wheel. Upon
depression of any type-key (not shown) for printing, the dog rocker is rotated
on its axis 61, and the dogs are moved inward; so that dog 57 is disengaged from

page_text: the escapement wheel and the dog 58 simultaneously engaged therewith. Dog 57
is then spaced backward by spring 59 away from screw 60 and into position for
re-engagement with the next succeeding tooth of the escapement wheel, as soon
as the type-key is released. All of the above parts (excepting dog 58) are of the
usual style and operate in the usual manner, and there is the usual open space
between the adjacent edges of the two dogs.
In the above description I have stated that dog 57 is spaced forward by the
main-spring into contact with screw 60, and backward by spring 59 into position
for re-engagement with a succeeding tooth. By the forward spacing of the dog
I mean the direction in which it is moved by the main-spring or other carriage
propelling power, and by its backward spacing I mean its movement in the
direction opposite to that in which it is spaced by the main-spring. The same
definitions will also apply to the swivelling or spacing of dog 58 on the dog-
rocker. From the above definitions it will be seen that I apply the terms forward
and backward to the movements of the dogs upon their pivots. The dog-rocker
also has the usual inward and outward movement on the machine, by rotation
on its axis 61, as above described. Normally, or in the unused condition of the
machine, the dog rocker is moved by spring 62 to the limit of its outward move-
ment with the stop-screw 63 in contact with bracket 56, and dog 57 engaged with
the escapement wheel. The escapement members are then in engagement. When
a type-key is depressed the dog-rocker is rocked to the limit of its inward move-
ment, so that buffer-stop 64 contacts with bracket 56, dog 57 is disengaged from
the escapement wheel and dog 58 engaged therewith. The escapement members
are then disengaged. The terms engaging and disengaging members of the
escapement" as used herein are intended to include an escapement wherein one of
the two members has two elements, as say, the two dogs in the drawings. The
term engagement" designates the normal engagement of the members when the
machine is at rest, and the term "disengagement" designates the relation of the
members opposite thereto. To illustrate, the members are engaged in Figs. 1,
3 and 11, and they are disengaged in Figs. 4, 5 and 12.
"
In this construction my invention relates to dog 58 and the parts connected
thereto, and operative therewith. These will now be fully described, and their
mode of operation clearly pointed out. Dog 58 consists of the rack engaging
part 65, and the pivotal shaft 66. It also comprises the banking stops 67 and 68
which limit its movements in either direction on the dog-rocker. The rack
engaging part 65, the shaft 66 and the banking stops 67 & 68 are all formed in
one piece. The dog is journalled on the rocker in bearings 69 & 70, which are
cast integral with the dog rocker and are bored out to receive shaft 66. A
collar 71 is secured on shaft 66 below journal 70, by pin or in any other suitable
manner, to prevent the dog from accidentally being lifted up out of its proper
position on the dog-rocker.
On the top of the machine frame is mounted spring 72, which performs the
same functions that are performed by spring 20 in the construction of Figs. 1
to 5.
Spring 72 is fastened upon spring holders 73. and is coiled around screw 74.
Spring holder 73 is bent up at right angles at the left end to form the part 75.
Part 75 is provided with a slot 76 through which the inner end of spring 72 passes,
and by which the spring is held under tension, and in which the inner end of the
spring, which engages with dog 58, plays. The outer end of spring 72 passes
through a hole in part 75. Screw 77 is provided for more securely fastening
holder 73 to the machine frame. The swivelling dog is provided with an arm 78
for engagement with spring 72, as was described in the discussion of Figs. 1 to 5.
Spring 72 engages with arm 78, and actuates the swivelling dog 58 and the
rocker frame 55, in the same manner that spring 20 actuates dog 6 and rocker
frame 4. The spring is so tensioned that it tends to both retract the dog rocker.
and also to swivel the dog to rotate it in its journals to the limit of its backward
movement with the banking-stop 67 in contact with the banking pin 79, which

page_text: pin is inserted in the top of bearing 69 to engage with banking stops 67 & 68 to
limit the forward and backward movements of dog 58 on the dog rocker.
Referring to Figs. 14 to 24 inclusive. The rack frame 100 is hinged to the
carriage 101 in the usual manner. The rack 102 is rigidly fastened to the rack
frame and alternately engages with the dogs 103 and 104. In the normal unused
condition of the machine, dog 103 engages with the rack, and upon the depression
of a type key 105 dog 103 is disengaged from the rack and dog 104 engaged
therewith. The dogs 103 and 104 are both pivotally mounted on the rocker frame
or spacing rocker 106. The spacing rocker is operatively connected with the key
levers 107 by means of the connecting wires 108 and the universal bar 109. There
is also an operative connection between the type bars 110 and the escapement,
through the connecting wires 111, which connect the type bars to the key levers,
and through the universal bar to the rocker frame. All of the above parts,
excepting dogs 103 and 104, are of the ordinary style and operate in the usual
manner.
.1
Dog 103 is made in a single piece and is pivoted directly to the rocker fraine
by screw 112. The dog is provided with two faces 113 and 114, and on the rocker
frame is a bracket provided with corresponding faces 115 and 116. Within these
four faces is placed the spring 117. This spring is provided with washers at the
top and the bottom of the spring, for engagement with the faces on the dog and on
the bracket, the upper washer engaging with faces 113 and 115 and the lower
washer engaging with faces 114 and 116. The spring 117 is held normally under
tension and tends to hold dog 103 in a central intermediate position, shown in
Fig. 21, with the upper washer engaging with both face 113 of the dog and
face 115 of the bracket, and the lower washer engaging with both face 114 of
the dog and face 116 of the bracket. In this position the dog has
been spaced backward away
from stop
118 which is formed integral
with the rocker frame and limits the forward spacing of the dog thereon. When-
ever dog 103 is engaged with the rack it is immediately drawn forward by the
pull of the carriage main spring (not shown) so that it engages with stop 118.
When the dog is engaged with stop 118, spring 117 is compressed between face 114
of the dog and face 115 of the bracket, and the washers do not bear on faces 113
and 116. This construction of dog 103, and the bracket and spring 117 allows
the dog to be trip, ed backward out of the rack to permit the carriage to be
retracted, and when the dog is so tripped out of the rack the washers bear on
faces 113 and 116 and they do not bear on faces 114 and 115.
Dog 104 is pivoted on the rocker frame by shaft 119 at right angles to the
rocker frame shaft 120. The dog is provided with the upwardly extending
part 121 which at its upper end engages with the rack, and with the pivotal
portion 122, and with the short arm 123. The forward and backward movement of
the dog on the rocker frame is limited by stop screws 124 and 125 which are
threaded into lugs cast on the rocker frame. The spring 126 is fastened to
arm 123 of the dog by two screws, and extends underneath the fixed bracket 127.
Bracket 127 constitutes a means for supporting spring 126 independently of the
rocker frame. The spring is therefore fastened at one end to the dog 104 and at
the other end it is supported by the fixed bracket 127. Therefore, since the
spring is fastened to the dog 104 from off the pivotal line of the rocker frame and
to one side thereof, it follows that the spring must be flexed whenever the end
attached to the dog is raised by the movement of the rocker frame about its pivot
sufficiently to cause the spring to bear forcibly against bracket 127. This
happens whenever a type key is depressed for printing. Consequently when-
ever a type key is depressed and the rocker frame and dogs are
swung inwardly the upper end 121 of dog 104 is pressed forcibly against stop
screw 124. In this position, the dog 104 is engaged with the rack. As soon as
the dog 104 is engaged with the rack, and dog 103 disengaged therefrom, the
pull of the main spring tends to space dog 104 forward out of engagement with
stop screw 124 and into engagement with stop screw 125. But this can only

page_text: be done in case the pull of the main spring is stronger than the resistance offered
by spring 126. Spring 126 is flexed to the greatest degree when the type key
is fully depressed, and therefore offers the greatest resistance to the pull of the
main spring at the instant of printing. After the printing, while the rocker
frame is being restored to normal position, as the type key is lifted, the tension
of spring 126 becomes less and less. It is therefore obvious that in this con-
struction, as in the ones previously described, the tensions of the carriage main
spring and of spring 126 may be so proportioned relatively to one another that
spring 126 may successively resist the pull of the main spring while the
key is fully depressed and thus prevent any feed of the carriage prior to the
printing but the main spring may overcome spring 126 and permit a partial
feed of the carriage while dog 104 is being disengaged from the rack after the
printing. It is also obvious that the two springs may be so proportioned rela-
tively to each other that the main, spring may overcome spring 126 and permit
of a feed of the carriage prior to the printing, and while the printing is taking
place.
In the Remington style of typewriter, which I show, means are provided for
adjusting the tension of the main spring at will. Hence if spring 126 has a fixed
tension the main spring may be tensioned so as to feed the carriage during the
printing, or so as to prevent any feed of the carriage until after the printing has
taken place. I have also shown in the drawings means for regulating the tension
of spring 126, whereby the above described result may be attained without varying
the tension of the main spring. The means for varying the tension of spring 126
consists in set screw 128 which is threaded into bracket 127. This set screw
bears on spring 126, and by setting it up or down the tension of spring 126 is
varied at will. A lock nut 129 is provided for clamping screw 128 securely in
bracket 127 when it has been adjusted to the proper position.
The operations of the parts are as follows:-
Referring particularly to the construction of Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, dog 5 is
normally engaged with the rack and dog 6 is normally disengaged, but is spaced
to the limit of its backward movement in position for engagement with the rack.
Upon depression of a type key 29 the rocker 4 is rotated upon its axis so that dog 5
is disengaged from the rack and dog 6 engaged therewith. As soon as dog 5 is
fully disengaged from the rack, the pull of the main spring, or other carriago
propelling power, tends to feed the rack and the carriage forward, and to cause
the dog 6 to swivel on its axis into the position shown in Fig. 4. Spring 20
offers a resistance to the pull of the main spring, and tends to hold dog 6 in the
position shown in Fig. 1. The question whether the main spring shall cause
dog to swivel on its axis into the forward position, shown in Fig. 4, or the
spring 20 shall hold in its backward position, shown in Fig. 1, depends, as above
stated, on the relative strength of the main spring and of spring 20. If spring 20
is sufficiently strong it will prevent any swivelling of the dog on its axis. But
I do not recommend any such strength of spring 20 relatively to the main spring,
because the swivelling of the dog is intended to enable the carriage to begin its
feed before dog 5 is re-engaged with the rack, so that the carriage, having more
time to feed, will feed more rapidly than it would if there were no swivelling of
dog 6. On the other hand if dog 6 swivels into its forward position as soon as
dog 5 is disengaged from the rack, the carriage will begin its feeding movement
prior to the instant when the printing occurs, and therefore there will be more or
less liability to blur in the print.
In order to obtain the highest speed for the carriage, the main spring should be
relatively strong enough to cause dog 6 to swivel on its axis as soon as dog 5 is
disengaged from the rack. In this case the liability of blurring in the print is
greatly lessened by the fact that the dog presents its engaging face to the rack
obliquely, and therefore the pull of the main spring is transmitted through the
rack to the oblique face of dog 6 and thus operates upon rocker frame 4, tending
to return the rocker to its normal position, together with the parts connected there-

page_text: with, including the key levers and type bars. The main spring, therefore, in this
case acts as a repulser, and tends to quickly lift the key and throw the type bar
and the type away from the platen without blurring. In addition to the repulser
effect of the main spring, above referred to, the swivelling of dog 6 causes arm 28
to swing inwardly, and this imparts a greater tension to spring 20, near the end
of the down stroke of the key. I also find it advantageous to locate spring holder 21
on the machine in such a position that, at about the end of the down stroke,
spring 20 will engage with the bent up part 23 at the inner end of slot 25. This
should occur just before the end of the downstroke, and its effect is to impart
an additional tension to spring 20, and to thus cause a decided repulser to be
transmitted by spring 20 to dog 6 and rocker frame 4, and thereby to the keys 29.
I have placed the rack engaging face of dog 6 somewhat to the rear of the pivotal
centre of the dog, and, as arm 28 is still further to the rear of the pivotal centre,
the swivelling of the dog causes arm. 28 to rapidly swing inwardly when the dog
swivels forward thus quickly imparting the additional tension to spring 20, and
thus to the keys 29.
While the highest speed of the carriage feed is obtained by tensioning the main
spring sufficiently to swivel dog 6 into its forward position as soon as dog 5 is
disengaged from the rack, still I find it advantageous to make spring 20 stout
enough so that it offers a material resistance to the main spring. This results
in a very smooth feed of the carriage, whereas if spring 20 is made so weak as
not to offer a material resistance to the main spring, the main spring will pull the
carriage forward with a jerk each time dog 5 is disengaged from the rack. More-
over by making spring 20 comparatively strong, the rocker frame will thereby be
restored to normal position more rapidly after the release of a key, and may be
so restored without any assistance from spring 16. It will be noticed that I have
provided slot 25 and the hole 24 for the reception of the two ends of spring 20,
and that the slot and hole are separated from each other by a tongue in the spring
holder 21. This tongue may be used as a stop to limit the rearward movement of
the dog-engaging end of spring 20, so that after spring 20 has moved the rocker
frame to the rear sufficiently to disengage dog 6 from rack 1, any further movement
of spring 20 to the rear is prevented by the tongue in the spring holder 21. This
adjustment and construction is advantageous by permitting the type keys to be
slightly depressed and the type bars slightly started toward the platen before any
resistance from spring 20 is encountered on the keys. This results in an agreeable
"touch" for the operator..
In any case where it is desirable that the carriage should not commence to feed
until after the printing has occurred, the strength of the main spring and of the
swivelling dog spring should be so proportioned that the main spring will not
cause the swivelling dog to swivel until after the printing, but will then cause it
to swivel during the later part of the disengagement of the swivelling dog from the
rack. This result may be readily accomplished, for the reason that, during the
disengagement of the swivelling dog from the rack, the distance from the pivotal
center of the swivelling dog to the edge of the rack is constantly increasing, thus
offering a better and better leverage for the main spring to act on to swivel the
dog into its forward position. The pull of the main spring, therefore, becomes more
and more effective to cause the swivelling dog to swivel into its forward position
during the disengagement of the dog from the rack. And on the other hand,
since the swivelling dog is swinging toward the rear with the rocker frame during
its movement out of engagement with the rack, the tension of the swivelling dog
spring, tending to hold the dog in its rearward position, becomes less and less,
during the disengagement of the swivelling dog. Hence the ability of the swivel-
ling dog spring to hold the swivelling dog in its rearward position in opposition
to the pull of the main spring, becomes less and less during the disengaging move-
ment of the swivelling dog from the rack. Therefore it is clearly apparent that
the strength of the swivelling dog spring and the pull of the main spring may be so
proportioned relatively to one another as to prevent any feed of the carriage during

page_text: the down stroke of a type key, and at the instant of printing, and still be so propor-
tioned relatively to each other that the swivelling dog will be moved into its
forward position during the disengagement of the swivelling dog from the rack
after the printing has taken place.
In the construction of Figs. 1 to 5, I have shown the swivelling dog moved into
its forward position at the instant of printing (see Figs. 4 & 5). Hence in that
construction I have proportioned the strength of the two springs so that the main
spring overcomes the swivelling dog spring and feeds the carriage forward prior
to the printing. On the other hand, in the construction of Figs. 6 to 13 I have
so proportioned the two springs that no feed of the carriage occurs prior to the
printing, but so that the main spring swivels dog 58 forward after the printing
and while the dog is being disengaged from the rack. In the latter construction
in Figs. 9 & 12, I show the position of the parts at the instant of printing, and
it will be seen by an examination of Fig. 9 that dog 58 is held in its rearward
position by spring 72 at the instant of printing. Figs. 10 & 13 show the parts
after the printing, during the disengagement of dog 58 from the rack; and an
examination of Fig. 10 shows that the main spring has swivelled dog 58 into its
forward position during the disengagement of the dog from the rack.
The reason why the main spring can not overcome the swivelling dog spring
and cause the dog to swivel during the down stroke of the key with the tension as
shown in Figs. 6 to 13 is that, the carriage being at rest during the down stroke
of the key, the dog 58 is fully engaged with the rack before the main spring has
time to act strongly on the dog. The same statement also applies to the con-
struction of Figs. 14 to 24.
I wish to call attention to the fact that, in case the swivelling dog swivels
into its forward position prior to the printing, the carriage will feed forward until
the swivelling dog reaches the limit of its forward movement, and then the carriage
will continue to feed forward along the inclined face of the dog while the swivelling
dog is being disengaged from the rack; or else it will be camined backwards again
in the opposite direction, if a key is still further depressed after the main spring
has moved the dog to the limit of its forward vibration on the rocker frame. In
case the adjustments are such that a slight backward or camming action is imparted
to the carriage by means of the obliquely swivelled face of the dog at the end of
the down stroke of the keys, as just described, an additional repulser effect is there-
by transmitted to the keys, and such additional repulser effect may if desired be
utilized to still further reduce the liability of blurring in the print.
In the construction of Figs. 14 to 24 the pull of spring 126 of course assists in
restoring the rocker frame to its normal position. The main spring is also instru-
mental in restoring the rocker frame to normal position, by imparting an increased
tension to spring 126 through the forward pull which it exerts on dog 104. In
this construction I have not shown any other spring for restoring the rocker frame
to normal position. But if desired any suitable spring may be used, in conjunc-
tion with spring 126, for the purpose. In case spring 126 and the main
spring are relied on entirely for the purpose, spring 126 should be tensioned up
sufliciently, by means of screw 128, and in this case dog 104 will be spring pressed
against top screw 124 in the normal or unused condition of the typewriter. It
will be noticed that in this construction dog 104 always presents its rack engaging
face to the rack teeth in parallelism to the teeth, and that it does not swivel into
the inclined position of the constructions of Figs. 1 to 13.
It will be noted that in the constructions of Figs. 1 to 13 inclusive I have shown
spring 20 of the construction of Figs. 1 to 5 and spring 72 of the construction of
Figs. 6 to 13, as supported independently of the rocker frame on the machine frame
from off the pivotal line of the rocker frame, and as spring pressed respectively
against dogs 6 and 58. In these two constructions the springs 20 and 12 are
fastened to the machine frame and operatively connected with the dogs. In the
construction of Figs. 14 to 24, on the other hand, the spring 126 is fastened on the
dog 104, and is spring pressed against bracket 127. These constructions are all

page_text: equivalents of each other, for in each one the spring is operative for spacing the
dog and for restoring the rocker frame to normal position. In the claims I
will use the term supported independently of the rocker frame" to designate
either of such forms, as in each one end of the spring is supported and held against
movement by a part independent of the rocker frame.
L
It will be noted that in Fig. 1 the swivelling dog 6, which is shown in its
rearward position, has its rack engaging face in line with the rack engaging face
of dog 5, and at right angles to the direction of feed of the rack 1. In the modifi-
cation shown in Fig. 4 the swivelling dog 6 is also shown in its rearward position.
But in this modification the rack engaging face of dog 6, while in its rearward
position shown in Fig. 4, is slightly inclined and presents its rack engaging face
to the rack at an angle. This construction assures that dog 6 can readily enter the
rack when dog 5 is disengaged therefrom, and at the same time, owing to the
inclined face of the dog, the dog wedges into the rack tooth and prevents any feed
of the carriage while the key is fully depressed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In an escapement, the combination with a rack of a spacing rocker and a
pivoted dog mounted thereon, a spring supported independently of the rocker but
operatively connected with the dog to hold the rocker in its normal position and
to return it to its normal position when it has been moved, substantially as described.
2. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a spacing rocker, a pivoted
dog mounted thereon and a spring supported independently of the rocker for
positioning said dog, substantially as described.
3. In a typewriter escapement the combination of a spacing rocker, a pivoted dog
mounted thereon, a spring supported independently of the rocker for positioning
said dog, and a stop for limiting the movement of the dog on the rocker, substan-
tially as described.
4. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a spacing rocker, a pivoted
dog mounted thereon and a spring for both positioning the rocker and positioning
the dog in relation thereto, substantially as described.
5. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a power propelled carriage and
an escapement, a spring connected with said escapement, a key for moving the
escapement against the spring, and means for bringing the carriage propelling
power into action through said escapement spring to lift the key when the key is
depressed, substantially as described.
6. In an escapement, the combination with a rack of a spacing rocker and a
pivoted dog mounted thereon which engages with the rack and moves on its pivot
to effect the spacing, and a spring supported independently of the rocker for
positioning the dog, said dog comprising an arm which engages with the rack, and
an arm operatively connected with the spring, and a pivotal portion.
7. In a typewriter escapement, the combination with a rack, of an escapement
mechanism having a moving part which is engaged with and disengaged from the
rack, of means acting in opposite directions upon the moving part in the escapement
mechanism when said moving part is engaged with the rack, the force exerted by
the said opposing means each varying inversely to each other at different periods
of the said engagement, substantially as described.
8. In a typewriter escapement, the combination with a carriage, and an escape-
ment therefore comprising a rack, and a dog which is engaged with and disen-
gaged from the rack, of a spring for spacing the carriage under the control of the
escapement and exerting a force upon the dog when the rack is in engagement
therewith, and a spring for spacing the dog, the forces exerted upon the dog by the
carriage spacing spring and the dog spring being opposed to each other and each
varying inversely at different periods of the engagement between the rack and
dog, substantially as described.

page_text: 9. In a typewriter escapement, the combination with a carriage and its propelling
power, of an escapement therefore comprising a rack and a swivelled dog which
can be engaged with the rack at different distances from its swivelling point, where-
by the swivelling pull of the carriage propelling power on the dog when the rack
is in engagement therewith varies at different periods of the said engagement, and a
spring, acting upon the escapement mechanism through the dog to disengage the
dog from the rack and to swivel it in opposition to the carriage propelling power,
whereby the power exerted by the dog spring to swivel the dog when the latter is
engaged with the rack varies inversely with the power exerted on the dog in the
opposite direction by the carriage propelling power, substantially as described.
10. In a typewriter, the combination with a carriage and a propelling spring
therefor, of a rack and a rocker frame having a dog swivelled thereon which can be
engaged with the rack at different distances from its swivelling point, whereby
the swivelling pull of the carriage propelling spring on the dog when the latter is
in engagement with the rack varies at different periods of said engagement, and a
spring bearing upon the dog and supported independently of the rocker frame and
from off the pivotal point of the latter, substantially as described.
11. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a spring acting upon a
movable part of the escapement and having bearings on its opposite ends and
flexed between such bearings upon the initial movement of such part of the escape-
ment, and a stop engaging the spring at an intermediate point upon the subsequent
movement of the movable part, whereby the length of the spring that is flexed by
such subsequent movement is shortened, substantially as described.
12. In a typewriter escapement, the combination with a machine frame, of a
rocker frame pivoted to rock thereon, a dog swivelled upon the rocker frame, and
having a shoulder projecting therefrom, and a spring mounted on the machine
frame to one side of the rocker frame, the free end of the spring projecting over
the swivelled dog and being bent to engage with the shoulder thereon, substantially
as described.
13. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a spacing rocker, a pivoted
dog mounted thereon and a spring for both restoring the rocker to normal position
and also for simultaneously spacing the dog backward thereon, substantially as
described.
14. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which can be spaced step by step, and one of which is provided with a
moving part that engages with and is disengaged from the other member, means
for feeding the spaced member in one direction, means supported independently
of said moving part for spacing the said moving part in one direction, which two
said means are antagonistic upon the engagement of said moving part with the
said other member, one at least of the said means exerting a force upon the
moving part varying at different periods of said engagement, substantially as
described.
15. In a typewriter escapement, the combination with a spaced member and an
escapement mechanism therefor having a moving part which is engaged with and
disengaged from the spaced member, of two springs, acting in opposition upon the
moving part of the escapement mechanism when the latter is in engagement with
the spaced member, one of said springs operating to feed the spaced member and
the other being supported independently of said moving part and exerting a
power upon the part varying at different periods of said engagement, substantially
as described.
16. In a typewriter escapement, the combination with a spaced member and an
escapement mechanism therefor having a moving part which is engaged with and
disengaged from the spaced member, a spring for feeding the spaced
member, and a spring supported independently of said moving part and
acting upon the moving part of the escapement with a varying force,
and in opposition to the first named spring, at different periods of the engage-
ment of the moving part and spaced member, substantially as described.

page_text: 17. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of two engaging members,
one of which can bo spaced step by step, and one of which is provided with a
moving part that engages with and is disengaged from the other member, means
for feeding the spaced member in one direction, means supported independently
of said moving part for spacing the said moving part in one direction, which said
iwo means are antagonistic upon the engagement of said moving part with the
said other member, one of the said means exerting the greater force upon the
moving part and controlling it while it is fully engaged with said other member,
and the other of said means exerting the greater force upon the moving part and
controlling it during its disengagement from said other member, substantially as
described.
18. In a typewriter, the combination with a carriage and an escapement therefor
comprising a rack and a rocker-frame having a pivoted dog mounted thereon which
is engaged with and disengaged from the rack, of a spring for spacing the carriage
under control of the escapement and exerting a force upon the dog to space the
dog forward when the rack is in engagement therewith, and a spring supported
independently of the rocker frame for spacing the dog backward, the dog spacing
spring exerting the greater force upon the dog and holding it in its backward
position and controlling the carriage while the rack is fully engaged with the dog,
and the carriage spacing spring exerting the greater force upon the dog and spacing
it forward together with the carriage while the rack and the dog are being
disengaged, substantially as described.
19. In an escapement, the combination of a pivoted dog and a fixed bracket,
the dog and bracket each having oppositely disposed faces and a single spring con-
tained between the two faces on the dog and bracket, substantially as described.
20. In an escapement mechanism, the combination of a pivoted dog and a fixed
bracket, the dog and bracket each having oppositely disposed faces thereon, a spring
contained between the said faces, and normally bearing thereon to maintain the dog
in a central normal position, substantially as described.
21. In an escapement, the combination with a power driven paper carriage of
two pivoted dogs, each of which moves on its pivot and permits a part of the
spacing movement, and one of which has a central position irrespective of the posi-
tion of the other dog and can be moved to either side of said central position,
substantially as described.
22. In an escapement, the combination with a power driven paper carriage, of
two independently spring positioned pivoted dogs, one of said dogs being normally
held in à central intermediate position and capable of movement to either side
thereof, substantially as described.
23. In an escapement, the combination of a spacing rocker, two pivoted dogs
mounted thereon, one of which is spring supported in a central intermediate position
upon the rocker, and the other of which has a spring supported independently of
the rocker, substantially as described.
24. In an escapement, the combination of two pivoted dogs, each of which moves
on its pivot to effect the spacing, and a spring supported independently of the
rocker for positioning one of said dogs, substantially as described.
25. In a typewriter, the combination, with a power driven paper carriage, of an
escapement comprising two pivoted dogs which alternately engage with the rack
member, means for reciprocating each dog on its pivot to effect the spacing, where-
by the rack member is fed part of the distance to be spaced under control of each
dog, the means for reciprocating one of the dogs being operated by the stroke ou
the keys for reciprocating the dog in one direction and by the carriage main spring
for reciprocating the dog in the other direction, substantially as described.
26. In an escapement, the combination with a power driven paper carriage, of
two pivoted dogs, each of which moves upon its pivot to effect the spacing, one of
which has a normal central position irrespective of the position of the other dog
and can be moved to either side of said central position, and means operated by the
type keys for positioning one of said dogs, substantially as described.

page_text: 27. In an escapement, the combination, with a power driven paper carriage, of
two independently spring positioned pivoted dogs, one of said dogs being normally
held in a central intermediate position and capable of movement to either side
thereof, and means operated by the type keys for positioning one of said dogs,
substantially as described.
Delhi 1 lor of Tonuo 1800
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc.M.Inst.C.E., M.I.Mech. E.,
Chartered Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.