CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN PALEY,
junior, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at:
Westminster, the Tenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
one, in the fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-.
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Paley, junior, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Paley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said John
Paley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no other, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John Paley, shall.
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the sail
John Paley, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invei t'on, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly describel
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof (that is to say) :-
My improvements in the construction of looms for weaving apply to all.
;

page_text: descriptions of ordinary power looms already in use, and are capable of being
readily applied thereto. They consist,
Firstly, in a novel and peculiar construction or arrangement of mechanism
to effect the "picking motion," as it is termed; that is, that part or arrange-
ment of the machinery which is designed for the purpose of impelling the
shuttle to and fro across its race as the weaving proceeds. This part of my
Invention is of considerable importance, as upon this motion the quality of the
cloth greatly depends, and, at the same time, enables the loom to be driven at
an increased speed (as compared with the common loom) without any additional
power; it is accomplished by a very simple arrangement of mechanism, and
so disposed as to impart a more direct impulse to the shuttle, and rendering it
less liable to fly out of the sheds of the warp as it passes across the lathe.
Secondly, my improvements apply to the "treading motion," as it is termed,
that is, that portion of the machinery which is designed to work or shift the
harness or healds, for the purpose of dividing the warps to form the shed or
way for the passage of the shuttle. This part of my improvements also consist
in the simplicity of its arrangement and application.
Thirdly, my improvements apply to the taking-up motion, as it is termed ;
that is, that part of the loom which is arranged for taking up or winding on
the fabric upon the cloth or work beam as it is produced by the loom. The
principle object of this part of my improvements is intended to keep, hold, or
press the selvages of the cloth level (or of the same diameter upon the cloth
beam) with the body of the cloth as it accumulates upon the work beam, and,
at the same time, to regulate or adjust the weight which governs the taking-
up motion by self-acting means, that is, simply by increasing the diameter of
the cloth upon the work roller.
In order that my several improvements in looms may be more particularly
explained, I have attached to these Presents a Sheet of Drawings, exhibiting
several views of a common power loom for weaving plain calicoes, the ordinary
or well-known parts of which are merely represented' to shew the relative
application of my improvements, and are drawn in the outline only. Those
parts which are shaded with color exhibit my improvements, which are
further detailed by the letters of reference marked thereon and the following
description thereof:-A front view of the loom is shewn at Fig. 1, Fig. 2
being a back view of the same; Fig. 3. is an end view, and Fig. 4 a transverse
section taken vertically through the loom. The loom, sides, or framings are
shewn at A, A, supporting the warp beam or roller B, from whence the
warp C proceeds through the healds D, D, and the reed E in the vibrating
slay or lathe F, over the breast beam G, on to the cloth or work beam or

page_text: roller H, as usual; I is the driving pulley; J, the crank shaft attached to the
vibrating lathe by the connecting links K, K, and to the tappet shaft L by the
spur gearing M, N, to which the treading motion is: also. connected..
1stly. "The picking motion."-My first improvement will be clearly seen
in the Figures, and is distinguished by the smaller letters of reference. The
picking sticks a, a, (to which the ordinary cards and pickers are attached,) are
mounted upon the upper extremities of vertical rods or shaft b, b, moving in
sockets or bearings c, c, attached to the framing of the loom. Upon the lower
end of these rods b, b, are mounted upon suitable carriers or bearers: the
friction bowls or rollers e, e, turning loosely upon studs forming their axis..
Two pairs of cams or excentrics d, d; d, d, are fixed upon the tappet shaft L,
and revolve with it; the peripheries or rims of these cams: are. constructed
with an irregular way or course for the passage of the bowls e, and are so
formed or arranged that, as they revolve, the irregular groove or passage:
between the pair of cams strike or guide the bowls e, e, to and fro, and thus
impart a reciprocating motion to the vertical rods b, b, and a more direct
vibratory action to the picking sticks a, a, than has been hitherto done by the:
ordinary means: The enlarged detached Figures 5, 6, and 7, represent. in
different positions one of these cams or pairs of cams'd, d, and also the relative:
positions of the bowls e between them.
2ndly. "The "treading motion."-My second improvement is also clearly
shewn in the four first named Figures, and is distinguished by small: Figures
upon tlie several parts. Upon one arm of the ordinary driving wheel: N of the
tappet shaft L is fixed a crank pin or stud 1, connected by the link or rod: 2 to
a similar, crank pin or stud 3, and by the crank piece 4: to the horizontal (or as
it may be termed) treading shaft 5. Upon this shaft 5,, and exactly under the
centre of the loom, a bowl or roller 6 is placed and moving, with. it,, around
which is passed a strap 7, 7, having one end attached to each set of the headles
or healds D, D; thus it will be perceived that. as. the tappet. wheel. revolves,.
driving, the crank pin. 1,, a treading, shifting, or dividing motion will be imparted
to the healds in a very simple and effective manner.
3rdly. "The taking-up motion."-My third improvement will be seen
best in the front, view, Fig. 1, and also in the detached view, Figure 8, which is
a plan or horizontal representation of the. contrivance. This part of the Inven- "
tion is also represented by small letters of reference. The principal feature
of improvement is the application of a smooth bar, rod; or roller ; ; to the
outer surface of the cloth as it accumulates upon the cloth beam H; in order
to hold or press inwards the selvages of the same level. or line of diameter as
the body of the clotli,, instead of allowing the selvages or edges to be of a

page_text: larger diameter than the body of the roll of cloth, which is always the case
when the selvage threads or warps are larger or coarser than the other warp
threads; this application of a bar, rod, or holder (whatever be its form or mode
application) to the selvages, will, by keeping them of an equal diameter, or
nearly so, with the body of the cloth, entirely prevent the great tension and
breakage of the selvage threads, usually occasioned by their being allowed to
wind on the cloth beam without restraint or control. It will be seen in the
Drawings that the rods or rollers 2, z, are mounted upon the ends of arms
or levers y, y, attached to the front of the loom, and are held lightly against
the cloth by the pressure of springs x, x.
It is also made the means whereby
the weight.w, for regulating the taking-up ratchet or lever v, is adjusted upon
it by self-action, as this weight is attached to the other end of one of the
levers y; and, as the diameter of the cloth roller increases, will thus be simul-
taneously slidden or adjusted upon the end of the taking-up lever or ratchet v,
and thereby give an uniformity to the cloth, for if the weft should break, and
this is of great consequence, the ratchet or lever will cease to act or take up,
and prevent thereby any gauze; or, in other words, with this motion, if the
weft should break there will be no formation of cloth, and if the weaver should
be absent from her loom no injury can arise..
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood that I claim
the three several improvements in the construction of looms for weaving, which
are exhibited in the Drawings attached to these Presents, and berein particu-
Jarly set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Paley, junior, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of November, One thousand eight