Improvements in Roofs and the like Structural Work.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Roofs and the like Structural Work.
.
I, EDWARD LLOYD PEASE, of the Parkfield Works, Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
-
This invention relates to structural work of the girder type and is especially
adapted for the principals of roofs including the means of covering the roof in..
The invention consists essentially of the special combination of the elements
employed and its nature and utility will be understood by the following description
which refers to its application to roofs only.
In its simplest form the roof consists of the main tie bar extending across the
span and central diverging struts which are preferably of timber or ordinary bars
extending to these elements in the structure which serve the purpose of rafters
and which consist of slotted tubes of the kind described in the Specification of my
Letters Patent, No. 10637%. These slotted tubes may extend to meet and form
the ridge of the roof, or may stop short, and presenting the form of a truncated
triangle.
These crosswise tubular bars which I will term ridge bars are or may be secured
to the timber struts, the tubular rafters being similarly connected thereto. It
will now be seen that this combination of structural elements makes up a roof
principal of the ordinary girder type. Several of these principals are lined along
the walls of the building; and upon them is placed the covering material. This
consists of panels with inset edges threaded into and interlocked with the tubular
beams, or angle strips can be used instead of inset flanges for the same purpose,
constituting in this respect a structural arrangement similar to that described in
the Specification of my Letters Patent No. 21331 of 1896.
The slotted tubular beams serve as troughs for draining the roof and in com-
bination with the timbers to which they are connected constitute a system of
struts adapted to take the strain of roof girders and the like structural work.
Dated this 27th day of May 1898.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: fore in the roof covering as a whole added to which the lath linings serve the
purpose of non-conductors of heat and cold, constituting in this respect a struc-
tural arrangement similar to that described in the Specification of my Letters
Patent No. 21331 of 1896. The slotted tubular beams c c serve as troughs for
draining the roof and in combination with the timbers bb to which they are con-
nected constitute a system of struts adapted to take the strain of roof girders
and the like structural work. A further advantage incidental to this construc-
tion is that stiffening pieces e extending from one slotted tube c to another in
contact with the panels can be fitted to such endwise pressure between the said
tubes as between solid posts that nothing more is required to keep them in position
as permanent stiffeners to the structure. These sheets d are cambered at erection
preferably outwards by insertion of the stretchers e as in this position besides
being stiffened and rendered freer from local deflections they are brought into high
tension round the cambered wood or metal stretchers e and the thin lath linings
spring in between the inset flanges when such flanges are used, and the principals
are in this way very firmly held together. They are firmly strutted apart by
the stretchers which being driven in and supplied with a suitably hollowed end
cannot easily be dislodged.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a roof principal of larger span which may be made of
more than three jointed lengths as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 1,
and the two lengths and may be parallel, the space f formed between
the two levels being used for ventilation if desired. These tubular beams cl cc
are secured to the struts 61 62 63 64, the tie bars g g being similarly connected
thereto by through bolts.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail view showing the panels in section each at the top
of its curve and the connection of an upper horizontal member c³ with one of
the sloping members. It will be seen that the construction affords excellent
means for ventilation and does away with the usual ridge cap. To control the
amount of ventilation admitted between the panels the end of the horizontal
panel is enclosed by the timber h¹ cut to the required shape; similarly the upper
end of the sloping panel d is closed in by the timber having only a horizontal
space covered by the board which lies on the horizontal member e³. This
board can slide back more or less to regulate the admission of air for ventilation,
the position shown in dotted lines being that which leaves the space from
wide open.
to h²
In the roof of a smaller building the system I adopt may be carried out as
illustrated in Fig. 6, in which the slotted tubes c¹³ are connected to two pieces
of board ii one on either side of the tubes and furnished with or without the
tie rod a, the whole being combined by through bolts; or the boards may be
substituted by the iron strip shown in Fig. 7.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a structural arrangement adapted for use as the framework of a roof the
ombination with ordinary struts and tie bars of slotted tubular rafters whereby a
hell covering is readily interlocked to principals of great strength, simplicity of
onstruction and lightness, substantially as described and illustrated by way of
xample in Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 6.
2. In the construction of roofs and other structural arrangements having slotted
ubular rafters or the like tubular elements in the framework thereof, the com-
ination with longitudinally slotted tubes of panels interlocked therewith by
set edges or angle strips and stiffeners such as e inserted between the said
otted tubes with or without lath linings sprung between the inset flanges whereby
ension is imparted to the panels and rigidity to the general structure and with-