IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS AND CALORIFIERS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lawrence and George Lawrence, both of Notting
Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Brewers' Engineers, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS AND CALORIFIERS."
"6
Sealed the 6th August 1878, and dated the 12th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lawrence and
George Lawrence at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th
February 1878.
WILLIAM LAWRENCE and GEORGE LAWRENCE, both of Notting Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Brewers' Engineers:- "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS AND
CALORIFIERS.'
"
°
The improvements relate to machines for cooling and heating purposes, constructed
of corrugated, curved, or uneven surfaces, herein-after all called "refrigerators," and
have also relation to corrugated "refrigerators," on the Lawrence system, and are
intended for the cooling, or condensing, or heating of liquids, liquid substances,
gasses, and air, all herein-after called "liquor," by and through the employment of
liquids, liquid substances, gasses, and air, at any convenient temperature, all herein-
after called "liquid."
"
The improvements consist in the combination of modes of joining and staying in
their confronting positions, or otherwise, the various parts of corrugated, curved,
even, or uneven plates, or surfaces of which "refrigerators are made, and so
securing more economical and efficacious joints and stays, together with the con-
struction and arrangement of said corrugations in such manner that equal or unequal
spaces or areas of corrugation shall confront equal or unequal spaces or areas of
corrugation and such spaces, together with the interstices between and at or near
the culminating or meeting points of such confronted corrugations, shall not be
equal but vary in size, thereby forming unequal adit, exit, and deflecting surfaces,
whereby the "liquor" or "liquid" treated may be agitated and dilated, hence more
Painn 11

page_text: rapidly and economically working than heretofore. Sometimes in conjunction with
such working the combination of mechanical stirrers or agitators.
Also in the use, in combination with "refrigerators," as above described, of any
convenient boiler or receptacles for heating, storing, or cooling the materials to be
treated, together with the arrangement of two or more such "refrigerators" placed
and worked together, or in unison, by means of suitable communications, inlet and
outlet pipes, cocks, and such like, in such manner that the heating and cooling may
be rendered interchangeable, and so economizing one or both.
Also in constructing "refrigerators" with a double or outside casing; that is,
with four plates, two parallel, or otherwise, confronted with other two parallel, or
otherwise.
Further, in constructing the feed and other parts of the corrugated surfaces of
"refrigerators," of or with indentations or protuberances for directing the flow of
the super-injected "liquor" or "liquid," and so modifying and distributing the fall
thereof.
.
Also, in securing the ends or tops and bottoms of "refrigerators," made_when
desired of thicker plates of metal, with a perforated diaphragm stay in combination
with a seamed or other joint.
"
The "liquor" and "liquid" may be treated under pressure, or in a partial vacuum
or otherwise, and the "refrigerator' can be constructed wholly of metal, to be
worked vertically or horizontally, or at any angle, by means of trunions, quadrants,
or other equivalent device.
The various seams and joints of stays may be folded or seamed with or without
solder, and may, when desired, be perforated, corrugated, or have indentations or
protuberances on them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lawrence and George Lawrence in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th August 1878.
WILLIAM LAWRENCE and GEORGE LAWRENCE, both of Notting Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Brewers Engineers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS AND
CALORIFIERS."
The improvements relate to machines for cooling and heating purposes, constructed
of corrugated, curved, or uneven surfaces of metal, all herein-after called "refrige-
rators" simply, and all intended for the cooling, or condensing, or heating of water,
wine, milk, or other liquids, liquid substances, gases, and air, all herein-after called
"liquor," simply by and through the employment of liquids, liquid substances, fluids,
gasses, and air at any convenient temperature, all herein-after called "liquid."
The "liquor" and " liquid" may be treated under pressure, or in a partial
vacuum or otherwise, and the "refrigerators" and their various parts may be con-
structed wholly of metal and worked at any angle by means of trunnions, quad-
rants, or other convenient supports.
The Drawings hereunto annexed are intended to illustrate practical modes of
constructing the improvements, but in matters of detail the modes illustrated may
be varied without departing from the nature of the Invention.
In the Drawings,-
Figure 1 shews a section of new corrugation for a flat or horizontal refrigerator,
the spaces E, E, being of various widths, so as to cause an unequal or alternating
flow of the liquid internally, the direction of which is indicated by the arrows; D
is a stirrer or agitator to be used for visced liquids, distillers' mash, etc., etc.
Fig. 2 shews new mode of seaming corrugations together, the sheet metal being
wrapped over (as shown in the Drawing), heat is applied, and by the addition of
soldering metal a secure joint is formed; in some cases the joining may be effected
without soldering.
Fig. 12 shews another form of corrugation for flat or horizontal refrigerators J, J,
shewing the stays and a new mode of staying, which is accomplished by using
seperate rings or bands (as shewn in the Drawing) which may be perforated or
otherwise.
Figs. 15 & 16 shew a part sectional elevation, and a plan of flat or horizontal
refrigerator complete, which may be composed of any convenient number of corru-
gations; H, H, are new curved or baffle plates fixed in the liquid way of the
refrigerator so as to cause the cooling liquid to flow uniformly round the corruga-
tions externally, the direction of the liquids being indicated by the arrows marked
thus
direction of liquid, direction of liquor.
Figs. 8 & 9 shew interchangeable arrangement where two refrigerators are
employed. The cold wine or other liquor enters refrigerator M, and in passing
through is heated to the required temperature by the heated liquid flowing
externally. The heated liquid passes through pipe O to refrigerator N, where it is
cooled to its original temperature by cold liquid flowing externally; F is a heating
apparatus.
Figs. 10 & 11 shew another interchangeable arrangement in the form of one
refrigerator. The wine or other liquor enters the lower portion of the upper part of
the refrigerator, and becomes heated by the hot liquid flowing downwards exter-
nally, while the inner or other liquor is passing to the lower part of the refrigerator..
The temperature is maintained or modified by the heating apparatus F, Figure 11.
The liquor then passes through the lower part of the refrigerator, where it is cooled:
to its original temperature by cold liquid flowing externally. The heating appa->
ratus may be of any kind; a chamber as at F arranged for the reception of steam
or gas jets may be used.
Figs. 13 & 14 shew a similar arrangement; the wine or other liquor passes through:
the lower part of refrigerator, and it is warmed by the partially heated liquid

page_text: flowing externally. The liquor then passes through the heating apparatus, where
it is heated to the requisite temperature, and in passing through the upper part of
the refrigerator it is cooled to the original temperature by cold liquid flowing
externally.
Figs. 17 & 18 shew another arrangement where liquid for cooling is not required;
in this case the cold liquor passes through the refrigerator, and flows over pipes G, G,
which may be steam heated or otherwise, where it is heated to the required tempe
rature. The liquor then falls between the inner and outer corrugations, and is
partially cooled by the cold liquor circulating internally, and thence flows externally
over the lower part of the refrigerator, where it is. cooled to the required tempera-
ture: The direction of the liquids and liquors is shewn by the arrows, as in Figures
15 and 16. .
Fig. 6 shews a transverse section of the new diaphragm head and foot, B being
the perforation in the diaphragm plate.
Fig. 7 shews an enlarged section of the new seam joint A (Fig. 6).
Fig. 23 shews a transverse section of the improved feeding trough.
Figs. 24 & 25 are enlarged views of feeding trough shewing the perforations or
outlets P (Figure 23).
Fig. 3 shews a new form of band or ring stay, C being the stays; the corrugations
are shown in section; the stays are fixed by heat and solder.
Figs. 4 & 5 shew a new form of staying, Fig. 5 being a section on line A, A,
Fig. 4. The construction is as follows:-The corrugations being cut at d, the stay
pin a is passed through, and the corrugations are secured by inserting the small
pins b between the pin a and the corrugation. Metal is then run between the
corrugations, which forms a perfect joint, as shewn at C, Fig. 5.
Fig. 26 shews. a new form of distance stay arranged between each corrugation,
so that by heating externally the corrugations become united by means of soldered
metal.
Fig. 27 shews another new form of distance stay, which will secure the corruga-
tion in a manner similar to the above.
Fig. 28 shews a new form of continuous or band stay, which is further secured by
one or more pin rivets, as shewn in enlarged section, Fig. 29.
Figs. 19 & 20 shew an arrangement where one or more corrugations may be
serrated on the outer surface so as to check the ripple of the liquid as it falls down
the refrigerator. The corrugations being much thicker may be seamed to the other
corrugations Q, Q, Fig. 20.
Figs. 21 & 22 shew another arrangement for checking the ripple; as before
described. Between one or more corrugations à strip of ribbed or corrugated metal
is secured, this being generally fixed where a seamed joint in the corrugations may
occur.
:
Figs. 31 & 32 shew a part longitudinal section and end view of refrigerator, with
the taper strainer pipe B fixed in the inlet or outlet ways, as the case may require..
Figs. 33 & 34 shew a part sectional plan and part sectional elevation of new
apparatus for heating or cooling buildings, chambers, etc., or for ventilating purposes
by means of air or other gases, the surface throughout the entire length being of
corrugated metal, and at the same time presenting a large cooling or heating surface;
Z being the inlet for air.
Figs. 35 & 36 shew an arrangement for cooling, in this case a fine spray of liquid
being in immediate contact with the air, which necessarily becomes cooled for venti-
lating or other purposes: W, inlet for liquid; Z, outlet for liquid.
.
"
We claim as our Invention, the improvements consisting in the combination of
new modes of staying in confronting positions or otherwise the various parts of
corrugated, curved, even, or uneven surfaces. or plates of metal of which " refrige-
rators are made, together with the construction and arrangement of said corru-
gations in such manner that equal or unequal spaces or areas of corrugation shall'
confront equal or unequal spaces or areas of corrugation, and such spacés, together
with the interstices between and at or near the culminating or meeting-points of

page_text: <
such confronted corrugations shall not be equal but vary in size, thereby forming
unequal adit, exit, and deflecting surfaces, whereby the "liquor" or "liquid" treated
may be agitated and dilated, and the combination and use with such new con-
structions of mechanical stirrers and boilers, or receptacles for heating, cooling, or
storing the "liquid" or "liquor," together with the arrangement and use of two or
more refrigerators," together or in unison in such manner that the heating and
cooling may be rendered interchangeable; also constructing "refrigerators" with
a double or outside corrugated casing; that is, with four plates, two parallel or other-
wise, confronted with other two parallel, or otherwise. Also constructing the feed
trough and other parts of "refrigerators" of or with indentations or protuberances
for directing the flow of "liquor" or "liquid." Also the mode of securing the ends
or tops and bottoms of "refrigerators" with perforated diaphragm stay, in combi-
nation with a seamed or other joint. Also the securing the corrugated sheets
together by means of a seamed joint, all such improvements being constructed and
performed substantially in the manner described and illustrated, and for the purposes
set forth in this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lawrence and George Lawrence, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth day of August, A.D. 1878.