Improvements in Gas Burners and Apparatus for Use therewith.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 17th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 5th Apr., 1887.
RESERVE
[Communicated from abroad by JULIUS SCHULKE, of 78, Friedrich Strasse, Berlin, in
the Empire of Germany, Engineer.]
Improvements in Gas Burners and Apparatus for Use therewith.
1, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists essentially of a lamp for burning gas in which the air
supplied for the combustion is led through suitable apparatus so that it is heated by
the products of combustion which pass out of the lamp, and also in burners suitable
for use in such lamps.
The lamp is made as follows:
A cup or U-shaped glass globe, open above is covered by the heating and feeding
apparatus in such a way that the latter forms a lid to the globe, and is kept in place.
by its own weight. Through the bottom of the globe passes a tube carrying the gas
and terminating in one of the hereinafter described burners or any other known
burner suitable for the purpose. This tube supports the globe on a flange or otherwise,
no air is allowed to enter round the tube, the junction of the latter with globe being
made air tight.
The heater above the globe is dome shaped and is formed as follows:
A truncated hollow cone of suitable material that is a bad conductor of heat, and
not injured by the latter, carries at its lower end a rim formed to fit the glass globe
and rests firmly on the latter and fixed to the outer part of this rim is a dome shaped
cover preferably of sheet metal, which encloses the above mentioned cone, at a small
distance therefrom. In the above mentioned hollow cone is placed a second hollow
truncated cone which extends a short distance above the upper end of the first. This
second cone is made of corrugated sheet iron, with very deep corrugations, these
corrugations are closed at each end by clipping the metal together in a peculiar
manner viz. at the lower end the side walls of the corrugations are so clipped together
that the outer corrugations are open and the inner corrugations closed at the base, at
the upper end this is reversed, the walls of the outer corrugations being clipped
:

page_text: together and closed, the inner being thereby more widely opened. This hollow cone
of corrugated iron is situated just above the burner, and carries on its inner side at a
short distance above its base an inverted cone which serves as a distributor, for causing
the products of combustion to pass outwards into the inner corrugations. The latter
terminate above in a chimney which allows the products of combustion to escape, the
inner corrugations being open towards the base of the chimney. The incoming air
entering the exterior dome through perforations in its base, passes upward between
the latter and the non-conducting cone, and enters the outer corrugations of the inner
cone, at the place where the inner cone projects beyond the outer non-conducting
conc, and passes downward through the outer corrugations of the inner cone, is heated
by the outgoing products of combustion ascending in the inner corrugations, and
eventually passes out to the flame from the base of the corrugated cone, where are
placed one or more deflecting rings for causing the said incoming current of air to
pass to the flame in a suitable direction.
In this form of lamp the incoming air passes to the flame from outside the latter, the
products passing away from the centre. This however may be varied by allowing
the incoming air to enter by the centre of the heater, and leading the same down to
the space between the jets of the burner, the products of combustion passing away
to the outside. For this purpose a slight modification is necessary in the heater; the
chimney instead of enclosing simply the upper end of the corrugated cone now rests
on the non-conducting cone, the upper end of the inner corrugations of the inner
cone terminating in a chamber connected with the outer dome by means of tubes
passing through the chimney which lead the feeding air from the dome beyond to the
inner chamber, where it is distributed into the inner corrugations and passes down
therein under the inverted cone into a tube which leads down to the middle of the
burner between the jets, the products of combustion pass outward and upward through
the outer corrugations of the cone to the chimney. In this case to better distribute
the flame and prevent light being lost by shining into the heater, reflecting rings are
placed at suitable intervals just below the base of the corrugated cone, which become
white hot and assist in the light giving power. These rings may have a linear cross
section or a circular cross section.
The two above mentioned forms of lamp are supported from below, the gas tube
may however he led from above down the centre of the heater and terminate below in
a suitable burner, in this case the lamp will be suspended from above and the glass globe
hung from the heater, for this purpose a rim may be hinged at one point to the rim of
the heater, which rim holds a flange on the glass globe, a suitable spring catch is
arranged on the side of the heater opposite the hinge to hold the rim when pressed up
against the under side of the heater, two circular bands of some soft material are
placed, one on each side of the flange of the glass globe to ensure an equal and air
tight hold of the same, and also prevent the liability of breakage.
The burners for use in these lamps may have a great variety of form.
The following new designs are convenient for use in these lamps.
A burner consisting of a central tube and other tubes ranged in a circle round the
centre either pointing vertically upward, or arranged somewhat like a rose.
A burner carrying tubes inclined at an angle to the vertical, such tubes being closed
at their upper ends and provided with horizontal slits at certain distances along their
length.
A burner consisting of a hollow ring provided with small tubes inclined downwards
toward the centre.
AT shaped burner the upper cross bar being formed of a tube closed at both ends
and provided along its upper edge with vertical or slanted slits.
A burner consisting of a hollow ring provided with radial slits or slits inclined to
the radius, such ring being supplied with gas through several small pipes radiating
from a central tube.
A burner consisting of a cylindrical tube closed above and provided with vertical
rows of perforations, the lowest perforations pass through the shell so as to be almost
tangential to the inner surface of the cylinder, the successive perforations are less and

page_text: less inclined to the diameter, until the centre hole is reached, this one is bored vertical
to the axis, the successive perforations are more and more inclined to the diameter
until the last or uppermost perforation is again almost tangential to the cylinder but
pointing in the opposite direction to the lowest.
A burner formed of a cylindrical tube closed above and provided with radial
perforations arranged in spiral lines around the cylinder.
A burner with a spheroidal or button shaped hollow head provided with vertical
slits arranged at intervals round its larger circumference such slits being inclined to
the diameter.
A burner composed of a vertical hollow cylinder closed above and provided at
intervals round its circumference with slits communicating with flattened and twisted
tubes, open above and at their ends so as to give a series of fan-like flames, inclined
at an angle to the cylinder.
These burners may also be used without the globe and heater described herein, or
may be used with other forms of lamp.
As it is generally necessary to retain a small light always burning in these lamps,
to serve to light the whole burner when the whole light of the lamp is required, a
small burner may be connected with a separate pipe connected with the main supply
pipe, for the large burner at a point just below the lamp, a three way cock is situate
at this connection, so designed that according in what position the cock is placed it
may serve, I to entirely cut-off the supply from both large and small burner; II to
give a small supply to each burner; III to fully supply the small burner only; IV
to fully supply the large burner only.
Dated this 19th day of May 1886
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN.
Pp Herbert & Co.,
67, Strand, W.C.

page_text: Improvements in Gas-burners and Apparatus for Use therewith.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad
by Julius Schülke, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in certain improvements in lamps for burning gas in which
the air supplied for combustion is led through suitable apparatus so that it is heated
by the products of combustion which pass out of the lamp; the invention further
comprises burners suitable for use in such lamps.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a section of a lamp and burner, which is
chiefly intended for small lamps.
Fig. 2 is a modified form of lamp in which the air is fed to the centre of the
burner.
Fig. 3 is a modification for a suspended lamp.
Fig. 4 shows the application to street lighting.
Fig. 5 is a detail view showing the manner in which the glass globe is secured to
the heater in a suspended lamp.
Fig. 6 is a form of lamp suitable for rooms etc.
Figs. 7 to 13" are various forms of burners.
Fig. 14 illustrates the four positions of a three way-cock which may be employed
in these lamps for the purpose and in the manner hereinafter indicated.
Referring to Fig. 1.
a is a burner consisting of several small tubes, screwed on the gas-pipe e. Between
a and e is held the glass globe c perforated in the centre. This globe supports the
whole heater, the weight of the latter producing a tight closing between it and
the upper rim of the glass globe.
The heater consists, as heretofore of a tube g of corrugated sheet iron. This tube
however is made conical and produces thereby a stronger current of air so that with
small sizes especially, a more complete combustion of the gas is obtained, since the
rising products of combustion come in closer contact with the sides of the heater and
thus cause a more energetic exchange of temperature between these gases and the
incoming air.
Further, by having this conical shape, the tube 9 can be more easily taken out.
A further advantage is gained for the circulation of air, by the peculiar method of
closing the respective corrugations at the extremities of the tube y, whereby the
corrugations for the products of combustion are separated from those for the entrance
of the air.
The corrugations are closed at each end of the tube by clipping the metal
together, in the following manner viz: At the lower end the side walls of the
corrugations are so clipped together that the outer corrugations are more widely
opened and the inner corrugations closed at the base, at the upper end this is reversed,
the walls of the outer corrugations being clipped together and closed, the inner being

page_text: thereby more widely opened. Thus the openings for the entrance of the air into the
globe are considerably widened below and form substantially a continuous ring, so
that the air is uniformly conducted to the flame.
The appearance of the cone from below is illustrated in Fig. 2b, and from above in
Fig. 2, Fig. 2 being a cross section through the middle.
The inner free space of the corrugated tube g is filled by a cone / fitting thereto,
which carries at its lower extremity an inverted conical distributor for causing the
products of combustion to enter the inner corrugations.
The conducting rings 6 constitute a further important novelty; these give such a
direction to the entering air so that, the latter does not come into contact with the
glass globe, whereby it would loose part of its heat before reaching the flame. These
rings also prevent the air from passing too soon to the inner corrugations of the tube
and so not coming sufficiently in contact with the flame.
is
To render the apparatus more efficient and prevent loss of heat the heater is
surrounded by a non-conducting jacket w, which forms at the same time the general
frame by which the various parts of the heater are supported. An outer case
placed over the whole and into this the air enters below through perforations u¹
receiving the heat radiating from the heater.
Fig. 2 shows a similar lamp in which, however, the current of air is introduced
through the centre of the heater. The burner shown in this figure also differs from
that shown in Fig. 1 and consists of tubes provided with one or more outlet openings
giving several horizontal stages of flame, the intensity of the light is thereby
considerably increased as also the combustion of the gas. The products of combustion
rise through the outer corrugations of the tube g to the chimney.
In this case a slight modification is necessary in the heater-the chimney h k
instead of enclosing simply the upper end of the corrugated cone g now rests on the
non-conducting jacket, the upper end of the inner corrugations of the inner cone
terminating in a chamber t connected with the outer dome by means of tubes u passing
through the chimney which lead the feeding air from the dome beyond to the inner
chamber where it is distributed into the inner corrugations and passes down therein
under the inverted cone into a tube y which leads down to the middle of the burner
between the jets, the products of combustion pass outward and upward through the
outer corrugations of the cone to the chimney.
Above the flame, glowing reflectors d are arranged, which firstly reflect the flame
so as to prevent the light from shining into the heater whereby a certain amount
would be wasted, and secondly render the light more intense by becoming red or
white hot.
In Fig. 2 the incandescent reflector consists of rings having a flat cross section
in Fig. 3 of rings with circular cross section, the layers being arranged over each
other.
In the lamp represented in Fig. 4 it is generally necessary to retain a small light or
"day" flame always burning in these lamps, to serve to light the whole burner when
the whole light of the lamp is required, a small burner may be connected with a
separate pipe connected with the main supply pipe for the large burner at a point just
below the lamp. A three way cock is situate at this connection, so designed that
according in what position the cock is placed it may serve-I to entirely cut off the
supply from both night and day burner-II to give a small supply to each burner-
III to supply the day burner only-IV to fully supply the night burner only.
In most of the various constructions of lamps of this kind the closing between the
glass globe and heater is insufficient and the globes very frequently crack from various
causes.
In order to prevent cold air from flowing to the burner from the upper rim of the
globe, the rim is surrounded with two rings of suitable material being a bad conductor
of heat which serve also to give a firm closing of the heater to the globe.
The upper tightening or closing ring stands upright, when the globe is not closed,
but comes however into air-tight contact with the surface p of the heater when pressed
upward by means of the ring ẞ.

page_text: In Fig. 6 the burner a consists of a hollow ring with a number of small tubes a¹
extending downward.
The flames incline towards the middle.
The rest of the apparatus is like that described above.
Fig. 6 shows the same burner except that it is provided inside and outside the
flame or only inside the same with the above mentioned glowing reflectors.
The burners may have a great variety of form.
The following further designs are also convenient for use in these lamps, the burner
shown in elevation in Fig. 7 and in plan in Fig. 7" consisting of a central tube and
other tubes arranged in a circle round the centre either pointing vertically upward, or
arranged somewhat like a rose.
The T shaped burner shown in Figs. 8, 8", 8"-the upper cross bar being formed of
a tube closed at both ends and provided along its upper edge with vertical or slanted
slits as shown.
The burner Figs. 9, 9" consisting of a hollow ring provided with radial slits, or slits
inclined to the radius, such ring being supplied with gas through several small pipes
radiating from a central tube.
The burner Fig. 10 consisting of a cylindrical tube closed above and provided with
vertical rows of horizontal perforations, the lowest perforations pass through the tube
so as to be almost tangential to the inner surface of the cylinder, the successive
perforations are less and less inclined to the diameter, until the centre hole is reached,
this one is bored vertical to the axis, the successive perforations, are more and more
inclined to the diameter until the last or uppermost perforation is again almost
tangential to the cylinder, but pointing in the opposite direction to the lowest.
The burner Fig. 11 formed of a cylindrical tube closed above and provided with
radial perforations arranged in spiral lines around the cylinder.
The burner Fig. 12, 12, with a spheroidal or button shaped hollow head provided
with vertical slits arranged at intervals round its larger circumference, such slits being
inclined to the diameter.
The burner Fig. 13, 13" composed of a vertical hollow cylinder closed above and
provided at intervals round its circumference with slits communicating with
flattened and twisted radial tubes, open above and at their ends so as to give a
series of fan-like flames, inclined at an angle to the cylinder.
These burners may also be used without the globe and heater described herein, or
may be used with other forms of lamp.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
1. In lamps, the apparatus for heating the incoming air provided with an outer
casing, and a conically shaped corrugated tube g having its two extremities closed in
the manner described, and provided at its lower extremity with the air-deflecting
ring band having within it the conical distributor 1, 1, in combination with the glass
globe c on which the said apparatus loosely rests or which is securely fastened to the
apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. The burners, substantially as herein described and represented in Figs. 2, 3,
and 5 to 13; with or without the incandescent reflecting rings and with or without
preparatory heating of the air.
H. J. HADDAN.
By Herbert & Co.,
67, Strand, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.