Improvements in or relating to Moulding or Planing Machines for Wood or other Materials.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Moulding or Planing Machines for
Wood or other Materials.
I, CHARLES LOUIS GOEHRING, of 170 Sandusky Street. Alleghany, County of
Alleghany, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Doctor of Medicine,
lo hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
s to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of moulding, machines for producing orna-
mental and other designs and figures upon the surface of the material by the
conjoint action of oscillatory reciprocating cutter heads and the feed mechanism,
the latter acting upon the material to advance it beneath the oscillatory-reciprocating
cutter-head.
In machines of the class referred to as heretofore constructed the oscillatory-
reciprocating motions as between the material and the cutter-head, necessary to
the production of finished mouldings, have been effected by giving, to the cutter
head a reciprocating motion laterally of the feed movement, and simultaneously
therewith oscillating the cutter head in a direction and degree corresponding to the
reciprocating movements communicated to the cutter-head.
•
In order to produce and accommodate this compound, oscillatory-reciprocating
movement of the cutter-head complex and expensive mechanism is required, in order
to provide for the necessary adjustments, to, accommodate different designs,, and to
insure the steady running of the cutter-head, and prevent chattering...
My invention further consists in, the organization of a machine for producing
complete mouldings for panels, etc.,, which I am enabled to do more economically
and readily by the aid of the laterally movable work-support acting in conjunction
with the longitudinal feed and oscillatory cutter, than can be effected when the
oscillatory reciprocating motions are confined to the cutter-head.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings
in which
3.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a panelling machine embodying
my improvements.
Figure 2 is a front elevation partly in section..
Figure 3 is a detail view showing the underside of feed table.....
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view representing a completed design or panel.
Figure 5 is a plan view of the turret and its pivotal support, the turret being
partially broken away and the carriage removed; this figure is drawn to a scale
smaller than that to which the other figures are drawn.
Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate similar parts.
The letter A designates the frame of the machine, of any desired or approved
construction, provided with an overhanging frame or arm A to accominodate and
sustain the oscillating cutter-head.
The letter L hereinafter used for referring to the cutters themselves in Figures 1
& 2 denotes the cutter-head which is secured upon an arbor D mounted in an
arbor-frame D' and carrying a driving pulley D. The arbor frame D' is formed
with three bearings d' d' d the two last of which are readily removable to admit of
free access being had to the pulley D' and cutter-head L and it is pivotally
supported in the arm A so as to be capable of an oscillatory movement about
a vertical axis, as by securing it in or to a vertical post C mounted in bearings in
or on the arm A!. The connection between the arbor frame D' and post C is one
permitting of the lateral adjustment of the cutter-head with respect to the axis of
:

page_text: oscillation, which may be effected by forming ways c upon the post C and fitting
the arbor-frame to slide in or upon said ways, suitable means such as a bolt c
being employed for clamping or holding the arbor-frame in any position to which
it may be adjusted.
.
Upon the post C is fitted a collar C₁ which is connected to the post in a manner
to permit longitudinal motion of the one with respect to the other, but, at the same
time compels them to rotate in unison; such a connection may be formed by
a groove in the one and a spline or key on the other.
Through an arm projecting from collar C' is passed a rod or screw shaft C'
held from longitudinal movement in said arm by collars or equivalent means its
lower screw-threaded portion screwing into an internally threaded hub or pro-
jection on the lower portion of the post C, by which means the post can be
adjusted longitudinally with respect to the frame and collar C', to determine the
elevation of the cutter head above the work support.
The following means are provided for effecting and controlling the oscillatory
movements of the cutter-head and its arbor.
A shaft B mounted in bearings on the frame A carries an eccentric or pattern
cam B' operating upon a yoke or saddle b to give motion to a rod which latter
in turn, acts through a bell-crank lever 6 and rod to transmit motion to the
collar C' and post C the outer end of said rod s being in engagement, with a
projection or bearing 6 on the collar C. On the side of the collar C opposite
the bearing is a bearing 6 Fig. 2 for thrust rod the latter being interposed
between said bearing and a lever 6' Fig. 2 carrying an adjustable weight 68.
The weight acts in opposition to the thrust of the eccentric or cam B' and
holds all the parts pressed towards the cam thus preventing lost motion and
compelling the post and the cutter-head borne thereby to follow the motions inaugu-
rated by said cam or pattern surface.
As will be obvious other and equivalent devices may be employed for trans-.
mitting motion from the pattern surface or cam B' to the post C to effect the
oscillatory movements of the cutter-head, but the mechanism shown has proved
well suited for the purpose and is therefore illustrated as the preferred embodiment.
It will be noted that aside from the movements for adjustment and the rotation of
the arbor and cutter-head, provision is made for automatically effecting a movement
of the cutter-head in but one direction, i.e. about an axis perpendicular to the arbor
and intersecting the cutter-head thereon.
The lateral motions necessary for the production of the designs and to accommodate
the varying angular positions of the arbor with respect to the actual line of
direction of the feed movement, are effected through the medium of the work-support
or table over which the material is fed or by which it is carried.
As in panel work it is desirable that the blank board to be ornamented should
be held firmly while being operated upon and should be capable of moving in
either direction under the influence of the feeding mechanism I have shown a feeding
device provided with a travelling bed or carriage and furnished with proper
devices for clamping and holding the blank thereon, but I do not wish to be
understood as limiting my invention to the use of this particular class of feed-
devices, i.e. such as employ a travelling carriage with the blank fastened thereto,
as other known styles of feeding devices may be substituted which will permit
of a lateral reciprocating motion being given to the blank during its passage
beneath the cutter-head.
As before remarked, the present machine is especially designed for what is known
as panel work and to that end is furnished with a carriage E provided with adjustable
clamping dogs e or equivalent devices for holding the blank.
The carriage E is mounted to move longitudinally in ways e¹ which may be.
formed in or on a base plate or support E' supported on guides es on the main frame,
so as to have motion in a plane transverse to the motion of the carriage..
It will be observed that the longitudinal motion of the carriage E herein termed
the feed-motion 'is in a direction substantially at right angles to the arbor carrying
...

page_text: the cutter-head, whereas the movement of the support E' is in a direction substan-
tially parallel to the axis of the arbor and transverse to the feed motion, and
further that the blank supported upon the carriage will partake of both motions
during its passage beneath the cutter head, hence the actual motion of the material
at any one instant will be a mean between the lateral and feed motions, so that, if
the oscillatory motion of the cutter head is properly timed and adjusted to coincide
with the actual line of movement of the surface at the point acted upon by the
cutters the latter will be properly presented to the moving material and will produce
the finished design or moulding required.
The longitudinal movement or feed motion of the carriage E may be effected
through the agency of a gear wheel F mounted upon a vertical axis or shaft F¹ and
engaging the teeth of a rack F' on the carriage E.
The lateral motions of the material may be effected by an eccentric or pattern
cam G acting through suitable intermediate transmitting devices upon the
support E'.
Thus in the illustration given, the cam G is mounted upon the same shaft.B as is
the cam B and is arranged to act through a yoke ġ, bell-crank lever g¹ and rod g*
upon the adjustable portion E' of support E¹ the return movements of the support
being effected by a bell crank or angle lever g³ engaging said portion E' and provided
with a weight g
The transmitting devices are arranged to act upon the portion E' rather than
directly upon an integral portion of the support E' in order to provide for the
convenient adjustment of the carriage and the blank carried thereby, which result
is accomplished by interposing an adjustable or extensible connection, represented
by a screw g between the support E and the movable portion E whereby the one.
may be moved nearer to or farther from the other, to locate the work properly with
reference to the cutter-head L.
or
With the addition of suitable driving mechanism connecting the shaft B carrying
the pattern cams and the shaft F1 carrying the gear wheel F, so that these elements
will be driven at the proper relative speeds to produce the given design, the machine
as thus far described is completely organized for forming mouldings or designs
running longitudinally of the plank or blank operated upon, but special provision
modification is necessary to enable panel work to be performed expeditiously and
accurately. Thus by reference to Figure 4 it will be seen that the machine
constructed as hereinbefore described is competent to form designs running
lengthwise of the blank as represented at p p but in order to finish the panel it is
necessary to connect the corresponding ends of the two side lines by lines of
moulding as represented at p' p'.
Before describing the means provided for forming panel designs I will refer to
the driving mechanism or gearing shown for producing and insuring the proper
movements of the actuating devices. The pattern-cam shaft B is furnished with a.
gear wheel 60 in gear with a wheel on shaft said last named wheel and shaft
being driven by a pinion 6 on shaft 6" carrying the driving pulley 61.
The shaft is supported in bearings in the frame and on it is mounted a bevel:
gear wheel connected by a feather and groove or equivalent means permitting
the gear to move longitudinally of the shaft 6" but compelling their simultaneous
rotation. The gear wheel fis supported in a frame depending from or secured to
the support E' and said wheel gears with a wheel fon shaft F¹ carrying the before
mentioned wheel F through which motion is transmitted to the carriage E.
The shaft F is permitted longitudinal movement through its bevel wheel f* and
can be raised and lowered so as to cause its wheel F to be brought into gear with
rack F to drive the carriage, or to be withdrawn from said rack to interrupt the
feed-motion.
In order that the wheel F may be readily withdrawn from or placed in connection
with the rack, its shaft F is provided with collars between which is interposed
a loose collar pivotally connected to a lever f8 pivotted to a link f' depending
from frame f¹.

page_text: The lever can be operated by the hand or foot to start or interrupt the feed!
motion as desired.
In order that the machine may effect the joining of the side mouldings and
complete the panel, in place of mounting the carriage in guides or ways on the
support E as herein before described, its ways e instead of being formed directly
upon the support E¹ are formed upon a turret or plate N interposed between the
carriage E and support E! but pivotally connected to the latter so that the said
plate or turret together with the carriage can be swung around a vertical axis. In
the present instance the pivotal connection between the turret and support is effected
by providing the support with an annular flange or hub n on its upper surface and
forming a circular bearing or socket in the turret N fitting upon said hub. The
pivot is preferably annular in form to accommodate the gear wheel F when withdrawn
from the rack, but when other means are employed for interrupting the feed motion
a solid pivot can, if desired, be used.
Suitable means are employed for holding the turret down upon the support, such
for example as flanges or bolts g' the latter working in shaped slots concentric with
the axis of the turret.
The carriage E is provided with two racks F2 one on either side and the shaft F1
is arranged to one side of the axis about which the turret moves, so that when the
carriage is in position to feed the material longitudinally, the gear wheel F will
engage one rack, and where the turret is swung upon its axis, to reverse the position
of the blank and the feed-motion the opposite rack will be brought into position to
engage wheel F.
Suitable devices are employed for locking the turret N against motion on its pivot
after it has been swung around and brought into position for the feed motion to take
place; a device of this kind is illustrated by the removable pin O passed through
the turret or plate and engaging the support, although other equivalent devices may
be used for the purpose.
The mode of operation to be pursued in forming panels and like articles wherein
the figure is composed of two or more waved or irregular lines of moulding formed,
one as a continuation of another is as follows;
The various actuating devices controlling the feed motion and lateral recipro-
cations of the carriage E and the oscillations of the cutter-bead L having been
properly set or adjusted to produce the required design, the turret N is fastened to
the support E the carriage E is drawn to one extreme of its travel i.e. to the
beginning of one of the side lines Figure 4 and the feeding mechanism is started
by raising the gear wheel F until its teeth mesh with those of the rack on the
carriage. What is termed a straight-away feed now takes place that is to say, the
carriage is propelled in a straight line and at the same time reciprocated laterally
to correspond to the oscillations of the cutter-head L resulting in the production of
a moulding running longitudinally of the blank as represented at p Figure 4. As
soon as the cutter arrives at the end of line p the actuating mechanisms are
disconnected from the driving shaft as by means of a clutch or belt shifter thereby
interrupting the reciprocating motion of the carriage and the oscillating motion of
the cutter-head, after which the gear-wheel F is withdrawn to release the carriage.
When the end of the panel is to be provided with a symmetrical curve joining the
two side mouldings p the axial centre of the turret N is brought in line with the
arbor D of the cutter-head L but to one side of the axis about which the cutter-head
oscillates, and the cutter-head is brought to a centre that is midway of the
oscillations so that the arbor D will stand on a line radial to the centre of the
turret N. This adjustment to centre the arbor may readily be obtained should
the machine not be stopped at the exact point, by a proper manipulation of the
actuating devices, for which purpose a hand-wheel P may be provided to assist in
turning the gearing so as to properly locate the cutter-head.
The pin or other fastening device for locking the turret N upon its support El
is now withdrawn, and the turret, carriage and blank are swung around, thus causing
the cutter to traverse the blank in the arc of a circle. This motion is continued

page_text: until the hole o or other indicator on the opposite side of the turret registers with
the hole in the support, when the pin O is again inserted and the turret locked to-
its support.
Owing to the fact that the shaft of wheel F is located to one side of the centre
about which the turret was turned as the carriage is reversed, that is, changed end
for end upon its support, the opposite rack F' is brought into position to be engaged
by said wheel F so that upon elevating the wheel F the feed-motion will again take
place but in the opposite direction from the first feed. It is of course understood...
that the driving gear and actuating devices are set in motion simultaneously with
the inauguration of the feed-movement, which action is insured by raising the
wheel F into engagement with the rack before operating the other gearing.
The remaining side and end are completed by repeating the operations described.
in forming the first side and end, the cutter being brought back to the starting point
without having been once taken from the cut.
An infinite variety of designs for mouldings can be produced by the proper
adjustment of the several mechanisms and complète and perfect panelling can be
made without joint or break; or if desired, the panel can be made up of a number
of separate strips, blocks or parts fitted together and subjected to the action of the
machine either separately in groups, or collectively and in any event the mouldings
can be made to match perfectly without subsequent fitting.
The movable carriage E and its pivoted support or turret may be employed to
advantage in connection with oscillatory reciprocating cutting mechanism other
than herein described and the devices for reciprocating the support on which the
turret is mounted may be disconnected or dispensed with.
It will be observed that in this machine a fixed centre is provided about which
the work holder and the guides in which it travels is turned, hence the cutter head
will always bear a fixed relation to the work at the point of contact therewith, the
mandrel preserving the same radial position. This is effected by arranging the
flange or hub n upon which the carriage and its ways are turned within its axis
coincident with the axis of the shaft C supporting the cutter-head arbor D so that
when the feed motion is arrested and the turret reversed or turned half way round
the arbor D of the cutter head will stand on a line substantially radial to the
axis of motion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said,
invention and in what manner it is to be performed I declare that what
claim is :-
1. In a moulding machine, such as described the combination with an oscillating.
cutter-head of a feeding mechanism for advancing the material beneath the cutter-
head and a work support reciprocated laterally of the line of feed motion.
2. In a moulding machine such as described the combination with the oscillating'
cutter-head of a longitudinally movable and laterally reciprocating work-support.
3. In a moulding machine wherein the material is fed at predetermined speed
past a rotating cutter-head oscillating about an axis perpendicular to the direction'
of the feed-motion of the material and in combination with the feeding devices
and oscillating cutter-head thereof a support for the material and actuating devices
engaging said support and operating to reciprocate the material on a line transverse
to the direction of feed-motion and in direction and degree proportional to the
oscillations of the cutter-head substantially as described.
4. In a moulding machine such as described the combination with the rotating.
cutter-head mounted to oscillate about an axis perpendicular to the axis of
rotation of a longitudinally movable and laterally reciprocating work support or
carriage.
5. In a moulding machine such as described the combination with an oscillating'
cutter-head and a carriage movable in a plane substantially perpendicular to the
axis about which the cutter-head oscillates said carriage being connected to a

page_text: movable frame or support reciprocating in a direction transverse to the feed-
motion.
6. In a moulding machine such as described and in combination with the oscil-
lating cutter-head thereof a movable carriage supported in reversible guides.
i
7. In a moulding machine such as described and in combination with the
rotating cutter-head thereof, a travelling carriage or work support movable in
guides on a reversible plate or turret.
8. In a moulding machine such as described and in combination with the cutter-
head thereof a reciprocating support or frame carrying a reversible plate or
turret and a work support or carriage mounted in guides on said reversible plate
or turret.
9. In a moulding machine such as described and in combination with the oscil-
lating cutter-head thereof a reciprocating frame or support a plate or turret
pivotally mounted upon said reciprocating support a work support or carriage
mounted upon said turret and actuating devices for reciprocating said support and
feeding devices for advancing the carriage.
10. In a machine such as described the combination with a feeding mechanism
a work support reciprocating laterally of the direction of feed and a rotating cutter-
head mounted to oscillate about an axis intersecting the cutters and the material.
11. In a machine such as described the combination with a frame or support
movable in guides on the main frame a plate or turret pivotally attached to said
support and provided with means for locking it in position and a work support or
carriage movable in guides on said rotary turret.
12. In a machine such as described the combination with the supporting frame
and the plate or turret pivotally mounted thereon the work support or carriage
movable on the turret and provided with two racks and the driving gear mounted
upon a shaft set eccentrically to the axis of the turret.
13. In a machine such as described and in combination with the work support
or carriage movable in guides on the reversible turret or plate and provided with
two racks the support or frame to which said turret is attached and the movable
driving gear set eccentrically to the axis of the turret.
14. In a machine such as described and in combination with the oscillating cutter-
head a work support or carriage movable in guides and supported upon a plate
or turret the latter pivotally supported to move about an axis parallel with but to
one side of the axis about which the cutter-head oscillates.
15. In a machine such as described and in combination with the oscillating
cutter-head a plate or turret movable about an axis parallel with the axis about,
which the cutter head oscillates a support for said turret movable in guides and a
work support or carriage mounted on the turret and movable in a plane trans-
verse to the direction of motion of the supporting frame on which the turret is
mounted.
16. In a machine such as described the combination with a reversible work
support or carriage provided with two racks of a driving gear rotating in one
direction and adapted to alternately engage the racks for reversing the motion of
the carriage.
17. In a machine such as described and in combination with the carriage its
pivotal supporting plate or turret and the movable frame or support therefor of
the feed operating devices mounted upon said movable frame and actuating the
carriage the same comprising the longitudinally movable shaft carrying the gear
for engaging the carriage the gears for transmitting motion from the driving shaft
to the said movable shaft and the devices for reciprocating said last named shaft
to start or stop the carriage.
18. In a machine such as described and in combination with the oscillating
cutter-head laterally reciprocating work-support and feeding devices for advancing
the material of a gear train and actuating devices controlling the oscillation of the
cutter-head the feed motion and the lateral reciprocations of the material.

page_text: 19. In a machine such as described and in combination with the oscillating cutter-
head and longitudinally movable carriage or work-support the frame or support
reciprocating laterally of the direction of the feed motion and a reversible plate
or turret interposed between the said carriage and reciprocating frame actuating
devices for reciprocating said frame and actuating devices for feeding the carriage
provided with means for interrupting the feed.
20. In a machine such as described and in combination with the longitudinally
movable work support or carriage the laterally reciprocating support or frame on
which said carriage is mounted actuating devices for reciprocating said frame and
extensible connection interposed in the line of said actuating devices and operating
to adjust the position of the carriage and its line of motion with respect to the axis
about which the cutter-head oscillates.
This och 1 c A w 1000
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.