IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND OTHER PARTS OF SPINNING Looms
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Joseph Louis Bremond
and Louis Zephirin Thuilliez at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th April 1860.
We, JEAN JOSEPH LOUIS BREMOND and LOUIS ZEPHIRIN THUILLIEZ, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND OTHER PARTS OF SPINNING
Looms," to be as follows:-
In looms for spinning cotton, wool, flax, silk, and other fibres, besides the
parts which constitute the principal, there are others in some degree accessory
called detached parts of the spinning machine, the rings, eyes, or eyelets
through which the threads, fibres, or slivers are led or conducted, such parts
being of metal, and usually of copper, zinc, or iron. Oxidation soon renders
these eyes or eyelets unfitted for their employment, to remedy this rapid.
deterioration in which the substances now used lose the smoothness and polish so
necessary, not to say indispensable, to spinning, we propose to employ porcelain,
enamel, glass, and all glazed or varnished clay in the construction of those parts.
[Price Sd.]

page_text: One species of conductor consists, 1st., of the head through which the thread
passes; this is the part that receives the friction. It is sustained by a metal
base or foundation of zinc, iron, or lead, which affords all the solidity and
strength that the uses of these apparatus require. Porcelain alone has already
been employed in spinning machinery as a leader of the thread or sliver in the
preparation of the fibres, but is found unsuited on account of its fragility, as
when made entirely of porcelain, glass, enamel, clay, or other earthy matters,
the frequent dismounting and the shocks of the bobbin or other parts to which
they are exposed render such materials alone unfit for the purpose.
The success of this application depends on such materials being mounted
on a base or foundation of metal as above described, which parts combine at
the same time, solidity, strength, and smoothness, such as the parts employed
heretofore have not possessed.
The conductor can be produced according to the requirements of the
spinning machine, and of dimensions which vary according to the volume of
the sliver to be led; thus in the first preparation (the card) it is of the larger
dimensions and reduced in proportion as it progresses in the preparation and
approaches the spinning loom.
For conducting thread in which metal eyes are now used, but which do not
long resist the friction of the thread, I make a groove in the part which receives
such friction and there apply a layer of hard enamel, but to prevent this enamel
from splitting or detaching itself from the metal we have recourse to the
galvano-plastic process. By this means a layer of copper is fixed to the
bottom of the groove. On this layer of copper we apply enamel, which
prevents it from splitting or from dilating itself; the part thus prepared
presents the solidity and the smoothness of porcelain.
In the eyelets used for conducting the threads for the spinning of cotton, wool,
thread, silk, and other fibres we employ porcelain for the composition of these
articles, and we proceed in the same manner as for the eyes last above described,
but add to the extremity of the eyelet a small eye by means of a tube of tin,
which serves to solder it, in this way the friction of the thread acts against the
enamel placed in the groove. For the larger eyelets with prongs we make a
groove in the two arms which compose the fork, and we there introduce enamel,
porcelain, or glass prepared for this purpose; thus prepared, the friction of the
thread takes effect against the glass, the enamel or the porcelain, a part easy to
be changed, inexpensive, and which obviates the entire loss of the eyelet after
a short term of service.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Joseph Louis Bremond and Louis Zephirin Thuilliez
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, JEAN
JOSEPH LOUIS BREMOND and LOUIS ZEPHIRIN THUILLIEZ, of No. 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight. hundred and. sixty, in the twenty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Jean Joseph Louis Bremond and Louis Zephirin Thuilliez,
Her special licence that we, the said Jean Joseph Louis Bremond and Louis
Zephirin Thuilliez, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Jean Joseph Louis Bremond and Louis Zephirin Thuilliez, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES
AND OTHER PARTS OF SPINNING LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Jean Joseph Louis Bremond and Louis Zephirin Thuilliez, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jean Joseph Louis Bremond &
Louis Zephirin Thuilliez, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the annexed Drawing, that is to say:-
Our Invention relates to a novel application to spinning purposes. In looms
for the spinning of cotton, wool, flax, silk, and other fibres, besides the main
parts which constitute the framing there are others in some degree accessory,
termed detached pieces of the spinning machine, viz., the rings, eyes, or
eyelets, through which the thread, fibres, or slivers are led or conducted; the
boxes, grooved cylinders, and others, such parts being of metal, and usually of

page_text: copper, zinc, or iron, have proved hereto' somewhat objectionable on account
of the first, the high prices of the raw material with which they are constructed,
and also of oxydation, which soon renders them unfit for their employment.
To remedy these inconveniences we have thought of employing in their con-
struction cornelian stone, glass, enamel, porcelain, agate, and all glazed or
varnished clay, cast steel, and other like hard matters. When horn or bone
are made use of, we previously immerse these bodies into an alkaline bath for
about one hour, in order to deprive them of their fatty matters. Thus
prepared, these substances, besides a proper resistance which they oppose, have
also the advantage of assuming any form or shape required for their appli-
cation. The conductors are either turned or moulded, and we substitute the
cones only, the base being as usual of copper, zinc, or iron, so that in a double-
eyed conductor, the two leading cones being made of a smooth glazed substance,
permit of being brought near or apart, and thus will be removed that great
inconvenience of the fibres adhering in the oxydized conductors, and the
advantage of a great solidity obtained. This leading process is applicable both
for the conductors of the fibres in preparation and for the thread leaders of
the spinning machine. As for the conduction of the threads, neither horn,
bone, or metal can stand or resist the friction of a thread, we have a groove
cut in that part which has to undergo the said friction, and we fit therein a
piece of cast steel, glass, enamel, or other material, capable of resisting the
friction of the thread, so that the deterioration of this part of the apparatus
may not cause the ruin of the whole, as this piece can be readily removed and
replaced by another. Should any part be too considerable for being made of
a single piece, a cylinder for instance, we fit then upon an axis two discs
pierced through their centre which we bring close to each other, so as to form
but one cylinder by means of two screws placed at each end of the metal rod.
The hard substance may yet be fitted on the part undergoing the friction
otherwise than by cutting a groove as aforesaid, which latter process has the
inconvenience of weakening that part in which the cut is made.
drawing a metallic band or wire so as to give it a semicircular form, we
proceed as if the wire were merely cylindrical by giving the eyelet the desired
form or shape; by so doing the groove becomes useless, it being sufficient to
lay the layer of enamel along its hollowed central curve, so that the friction may
take effect on that very part which is protected by the hard body. To prevent
the enamel from splitting or detaching itself from iron we have recourse to
the galvano-plastic process. A layer of copper is fixed at the bottom of the
groove, and on this layer we apply enamel, by which means the enamel is
prevented from splitting or detaching itself. The eyelets of any form and
After

page_text: description used for conducting the thread may be made of any ceramic
products such as porcelain, crockery, terra cotta, &c., or of any fusible silicious
products, such as glass, crystal, enamels of all descriptions and colors, and
applied on porcelain or metals by any known process, these latter substances
will have, as the former ones, the advantages of being readily obtained, of
being cheap, very hard, and comparatively unattackable by the constant
friction of the threads.
In the annexed Drawing are shown and illustrated several descriptions of
those sliver or thread conductors which we make (indifferently) of porcelain,
glass, crystal, enamelled metal, or any other hard matter, either fusible or
ceramic.
Fig. is illustrative of various rollers grooved and ungrooved; Fig. 1b
shows a different view of the same; Fig. 2, a twin or double-eyed conductor;
Fig. 3, the profile of the same; Fig. 4, a single-eyed conductor; Fig. 5, the
profile of the same; Fig. 6, another arrangement of a twin conductor; Fig. 7,
the profile of the same; Figs. 8 & 9, two views of a twisted eyelet; Figs. 10
& 12, a metal flyer, the ends or eyelets i of which are coated with porcelain;
Fig. 11, a case or box; Figs. 13 & 14, another arrangement concerning the
flyer Fig. 15, an elevation of a thread guide plate with four longitudinal
grooves (a new model, so called English model); a is a tinned iron plate pro-
vided with slots b and grooves c, the latter being formed of porcelain or glass
ledges a widening at the upper part, which undergo the friction of the threads;
Fig. 16, an elevation of a thread guide plate with one single longitudinal groove;
Figs. 17, 18, 19, & 20, show various arrangements of a single-eyed conductor.
The conductors represented at Figs. 17 & 18 are made wholly of porcelain.
Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, & 27, show various arrangements of the twin
conductors; Fig. 28, a front view of a three-eyed conductor, and Fig. 29,
a front view of a four-eyed conductor; Figs. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, & 35, show
front and profile views of various arrangements of the twisted eyelets; Fig. 36,
a particular arrangement of a twin conductor made wholly of porcelain;
Fig. 37, a particular arrangement of a bridge-like porcelain thread guide;
Figs. 38 & 39 show a particular arrangement of a thread guide consisting of
a metal support e, on which the porcelain guide is fitted; Fig. 40 shows
a metal band g, on which are secured by means of a screw h, the conductors,
showing also their arrangement. In Figs. 2 to 7 and 17 to 29 the same
letters stand for the like parts. a, porcelain or other matter thread conductor;
b, support of the malleable cast-iron conductor, coated with tin or galvanized.
In Figs. 8, 9, & 30 to 35 the same letters also indicate the like parts. c, iron
ring, in the eye of which is applied a vitrified coating d, as above specified.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our improvements, we desire it to be
distinctly understood that what we claim as being of our Invention is, manu-
facturing all detached pieces in spinning machines, and generally all thread or
sliver conductors of every description, whatever may be their form and arrange-
ment, either in ceramic matters, porcelain, crockery, terra cotta, &c., or in
fusible silicious matters, glass, crystal, enamels of every description, these
latter coatings over the metallic or non-metallic parts, so as to provide the said
conductors or guides with hard surfaces comparatively unattackable by the
friction of the thread.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jean Joseph Louis Bremond and Louis
Zephirin Thuilliez, have set our hand and name, this Twelfth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
PRIMANDY
70, Rue Neuve des Mathurins.