IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASHES & FRAMES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pehr Johan Ekman, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom
of Sweden, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF WINDOW SASHES & FRAMES."
Sealed the 22nd September 1871, and dated the 5th August 1871.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Pehr Johan Ekman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 5th August 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PEHR
JOHAN EKMAN, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pehr Johan Ekman, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement:-
:―
The object of this Invention is to render the sashes of windows more
secure against the admission into rooms of draughts of cold air without
preventing such sashes being used when required for the free admission
of the external air, and for the purposes of ventilation as at present.
The wood or timber forming sashes and the frames in which such
sashes work being always subject to alterations in bulk or volume,
shrinking with heat and a dry atmosphere, and swelling during wet
weather or when the atmosphere is surcharged with moisture, renders
it impracticable to prevent draughts of cold air entering the rooms
by the present mode of forming, fitting, and hanging sashes to or in
their frames, as now constructed, however complicated the rebates and
other ordinary or usual contrivances may be, inasmuch as if sashes be
made to fit tightly or closely in a moist season they will fit loosely in
dry weather, and vice versa, and they thereby freely admit currents of
air from without.
The means by which I propose to carry out the said object of my
Invention in practice, are as follows reference being made to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, where Fig. 1 is a vertical section of
those portions of a sash and frame which shew my improvements, and
the positions of the levers D when free, and also when pressing the
meeting bars together, a portion of the bead of the frame being broken
away to expose it to view; Fig. 2 shews the same section of the upper
part of the sash and frame, with a metal guide H, as an alternative to
or substitute for the bevilled wood bead or guide G, Fig. 1; Fig. 2ª is a
horizontal plan of the sash and frame, shewing a plan of the lever D,
which is shewn in side view in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a plan of the bolt
(E, Fig. 1) or sash fastener; and Fig. 5 is an elevation of a portion of
the lower sash, with the lever D in the position shewn by the dotted
lines in Fig. 1. The following reference applies to each Figure where
the same index letters appear.
The tight or close fitting of my improved sashes is attained by causing
each of the vertical side bars of the lower sash to be forced or pressed
against the vertical parting beads P, B, of the frames; the similar bars
of the upper sash to be pressed against the outside lining O, L, of the
said frame; and the mecting bars (see A¹, C³, Fig. 1) to be forced or
pressed together by the lever D, as shewn. The bottom rail of the

page_text: lower sash, on being lowered or forced down, is caused to press against
the said parting beads P, B, by coming in contact with the downward
inclined plane f, g, formed by the bevilled bead B and part of the sill
of the frame at S. The said bottom rail A being bevilled at f³, g¹, to the
same angle as the bevil or inclined plane f, g, (as shewn) necessarily
slides on the said inclined plane f, g, until it comes into close contact
with the said parting bead P, B, a space being always left between the
sash bar and sill, as shewn, to admit of this result being attained, and
to allow for the shrinking or swelling of the wood. A similar result is
produced on the upper sash by means of the upward inclined plane i, j,
formed on the cleat or bead G, which is secured to the frame in any
ordinary way, the top rail C of the upper sash being bevilled at 2, ¹, to
the same angle as the inclined plane i, j, as shewn. When the upper
sash is raised into the position shewn in Fig. 4 the exterior faces of the
outside bars of this sash are closely pressed against the outer lining O, L,
of the frame, a space being left between the sash and frame, as shewn,
to allow of this result being attained, and to allow for the shrinking or
swelling of the wood.
-
The meeting bars A³, C', rebated, as shewn in Fig. 1, are pressed
together by means of the levers D, one at each end. When it is
required to have the sashes free to move up and down the levers D
will be in the position shewn by the dotted lines (see Fig. 1). When
it is desired to close the said meeting bars the ends of the levers at e¹
are raised to the position shewn at e when the other ends of the levers d'
are moved to the points d, which thereby press the outer face a of the
inner bar A¹ against the inner face a¹ of the outer bar C', and thus
the window is made as perfectly free from draughts of air from without
as such work can be. H, Fig. 2, shews a metal guide which may be
used instead of the wood guide G, Fig. 1, for the top rail C to slide and
rest against. This metal guide is shewn in plan in Fig. 2ª, and is
made with an oblong hole or slot to slide on its fastening screw, so
that it can be moved forward to the bevilled portion of the bar C should
the latter be reduced by shrinking, or vice versa. Fig. 3 is a horizontal
sectional view showing the mode in which the meeting bar A¹ is rebated
at k to fit against the parting beads P, B; this rebate must be so formed
that when the rail A' is moved by the lever D towards the parting
beads P, B, the face a (of the bar A') will press the bar C₁ close to the
outside lining O, L. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the bolt or sash fastener E,

page_text: Fig. 1, which when shot as shewn, prevents any vertical motion of either
sash, and thereby secures the close fitting of the lower bar A and the
upper bar C. This bolt, aided by the lever D, when pressing the two
sashes together will effectually frustrate any attempt to open or set free
the sashes from without as is now so easily accomplished by inserting the
blade of a common knife between the meeting bars of ordinary sashes,
and therewith forcing open the usual spring sash fastener. Fig. 5 is an
elevation of a portion of the meeting bar A' and the sash or window frame
shewing the position of one of the closing levers D when fixed; these
levers are so formed (see Fig. 1) that the rounded end d operates most
powerfully on the bar A³ when the outer end e is raised to the horizontal
position, as shewn by the full or black lines. When it is desired to
move or open the sashes no especial means are needed to relieve them
from the pressure of the levers, inasmuch as the upward motion of the
lower sash moves or turns the ends d of the said levers upwards, and
thus frees the sashes from their pressure; the other ends e of these
levers being made heavier than the ends d will fall down and assume
and maintain the position shewn by the dotted lines, and thus keep the
sashes free to be moved up or down. The outside portion of the sill
of the frame may be formed as shewn by the dotted lines in section S³, S².
By altering the bottom sash bead the meeting bars and chamfering
the top rail of the upper sash and the bottom rail of the lower sash, as
shewn in the Drawings, old sashes and frames can be made to fit as well
as my improved new ones.
Without binding myself to the exact forms, angles, and dimensions
shewn on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, I claim as new and
desire to secure by Letters Patent the several improvements substantially
as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pehr Johan Ekman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.