Improvements in Apparatus connected with the Manufacture of Gas.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 19th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 31st Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus connected with the Manufacture
of Gas.
I JAMES ANDERSON KELMAN of Winchester House, Old Broad Street, City
of London, Secretary, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for object the elimination of ammoniacal liquor and tar or
like agents from gas and it relates to certain arrangement of the apparatus known
as a washer or scrubber and the condenser in which water is employed for the
purpose above mentioned.
The washer or scrubber is of square or rectangular shape and has a series of
partitions on which short tubes are mounted. Each tube has a dome shield pro-
vided with tangential vanes for breaking up the gas as it issues from the dome.
Each partition is also provided with an overflow for leading the water which
enters at the upper part of the casing from one partition to the other in
succession. The lower chamber into which the gas first enters is also furnished
with short tubes above which are caps over each or over a series in line.
Each cap is of curved formation on one side and the dip from the curved
portion is serrated or has pierced edges for the passage of the liquid to the tar and
liquor outlet, this having a check tube with openings at the bottom for the first exit
of the tar, thus leaving water on the surface through which the gas has to pass.
Each lower partition has its overflow pipe within a seal to prevent the gas rising
except through the proper channels.
The condenser is also composed of a series of chambers superposed and by a
slight clearance around the tubes the gas flows from the upper chamber downwards
to the lower chamber and thence to an outlet.
Each tube is screw threaded at both ends and near the lower end a stop
ferrule is provided to sit upon the lower partition, the upper partitions having the
clearance holes large enough for said ferrule to pass through.
These tubes are made tight at the bottom by nuts and washers, the upper ends
being in stuffing boxes or glands and packing. The water in this case enters the
bottom and flows up the tubes.
Dated this 19th day of March 1990,
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said J. A. Kelman.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus connected with the Manufacture
of Gas.
1, JAMES ANDERSON KELMAN, of Winchester House, Old Broad Street, City
of London, Secretary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for object the elimination of ammoniacal liquor and tar, or
like agents from gas and it relates to certain arrangement of the apparatus known
as a washer or scrubber and the condenser in which water is employed for the
purpose above mentioned. The washer or scrubber is of square or rectangular
Each tube
shape and has a series of partitions, on which short tubes are mounted.
Die 1

page_text: has a dome shield provided with tangential vanes for breaking up the gas as it
issues from the dome.
Each partition is also provided with an overflow for leading the water which
enters at the upper part of the casing from one partition to the other in
succession.
The lower chamber into which the gas first enters is also furnished with short
tubes, above which are caps over cach, or over a series in line.
Each cap is of curved formation on one side and the dip from the curved portion
has serrated or pierced edges for the passage of the liquid to the tar and liquor
outlet, this having a check tube with openings at the bottom for the first exit of the
tar, thus leaving water on the surface, through which the gas has to pass.
Each lower partition has its overflow pipe within a seal to prevent the gas rising,
except through the proper channels.
The condenser is also composed of a series of chambers superposed and by a
slight clearance around the tubes the gas flows from the upper chamber downwards
to the lower chamber and thence to an outlet.
Each tube is screw threaded at both ends and near the lower end a stop ferrule
is provided to sit upon the lower partition, the upper partitions having the clearance
holes large enough for said ferrule to pass through.
These tubes are made tight at the bottom by nuts and washers, the upper ends
being in stuffing boxes or glands and packing.
The water in this case enters the bottom and flows up the tubes.
My invention will be understood by the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is a plan through the lines a, b, of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is section through the line c, d, of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation on a larger scale of one of the domed pipes.
Figure 5 is a view looking into the dome.
Figures 6 and 7 are elevations of the serrated or pierced edges of the shield.
Figure 8 is a part section elevation of Figure 6.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of the condenser.
Figures 10 and 11 top and bottom sectional views respectively indicating the
manner by which the pipes are secured in position and are casily removable for
repairs or renewals.
A is a square case, or other shape as may be required divided horizontally inte
compartments by the plates B.
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, gas enters the lower chamber C through
the pipes D, D, (and as many others as may be necessary according to the size of
the apparatus,) which are covered with the shields E, E, having serrated or pierced
edges on one side, placed so that the liquid shall flow to the tar and liquor outle
and which abstract all the tar and prevent it from rising to the other trays.
The
superimposed chambers F, F1, F2, F3, and F have their partitions pierced with
holes for the tubes G which have on the top the semispherical domes H.
The bottom chamber is furnished with an outlet J for the tar and ammoniaca
liquor surrounded by a shield K having openings at the bottom by which the tar i
compelled to first find exit, thus leaving water on the surface, through which the ga
has to pass.
Each of the other chambers is furnished with an automatic overflow L having
the outlet near the bottom of the tray by which the water most fully impregnated
with ammonia is the first to overflow into the next chamber below and so on unti
the water finds its exit at J, the lower end of each of these overflows L is sealed in
a vessel M independently of the water in the body of the chamber.
The gas inlet is at N and the outlet at O, and the water inlet at P, and outle
at J. The caps or domes H over the vertical tubes in the trays are furnished with
curved feathers or partitions Q, as at Figure 5, and have the lower edges slightly
immersed in the water.
The gas as it leaves the apparatus last described passes through the condenser

page_text: Figure 9, which is composed of top and bottom partitions B, B, with side walls
forming water chambers F, F, the partitions B, B, being connected together by
tubes G. The intermediate partitions R, R, are pierced for the passage of the
tubes G and leaving a small concentric space round the tubes.
The tubes are connected to the top and bottom water chambers in such a manner
that any tube may be withdrawn and replaced, if necessary, without disturbing the
other portions of the apparatus.
The opening in the upper partition B is made large enough to permit the wrought
iron ring S to pass through and lodge upon the bottom partition, and is recessed to
form a stuffing box T. The tubes are secured at the bottom with back nuts and
washers and grummets U and at the top the stuffing box is filled with hemp, or
other suitable material and the loose ring V is pressed down by the nut W, thus
making the top water tight.
In this apparatus, the gas enters the top below the upper water vessel at N in a
hot state and passing through the vessel is cooled to the required temperature and
emerges at the bottom at O, the water enters cold at the bottom box F and passing
through the tubes G in a contrary direction to the gas to the top chamber is
conveyed away through the outlet. The rate of condensation and the temperature
at which the gas emerges is absolutely governed by the temperature and quantity
of water admitted.
In consequence of the gas being cooled slowly and regularly all the aqueous and
tarry matters are condensed and the liability to the deposit of napthaline in the
pipes and apparatus in a works or district is prevented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The construction of washer-scrubbers substantially as shown in the drawings,
Figures 1 to 8, and herein described.
2. The use of the shields with serrated or pierced edges, as shown.
3. The use of gas distributors with caps or domes with curved feathers, as shown.
4. The use of automatic overflow pipes and Jin relation to washer scrubbers,
whereby the tar and the more fully charged ammonia water are first drawn off.
5. The construction of a condenser for cooling gases, as herein described and
shown on the drawings, Figure 9.
6. The use of perforated discs or plates R having openings for the passage of the
gases in gas condenser.
7. The arrangement, substantially as shown in Figures 10 and 11, by which the
tubes can be withdrawn at will without disturbing other portions of the apparatus.
The 19th day of Decemb.
1000
J. On y UI 17CCC
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said James Anderson Kelmau.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said James Anderson Kelman.