IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING OR DELIVERING LIQUIDS IN THE FORM OF SPRAY OR MIST
Year: 1880

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hyett Bentley, of Scarborough, in the County of
York, Hotel Manager, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DISTRIBUTING OR DELIVERING LIQUIDS IN THE FORM OF SPRAY OR
MIST."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hyett Bentley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1880.
THOMAS HYETT BENTLEY, of Scarborough, in the County of York, Hotel
Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING OR DELIVERING
LIQUIDS IN THE FORM OF SPRAY OR MIST."
My Invention relates to apparatus for distributing or delivering water and other
liquids in the form of spray to be employed for horticultural, floricultural,
agricultural, and other purposes for which a jet or spray of liquid is required
or could be beneficially employed, and it consists in causing two or more streams or
columns of liquid to flow or to be forced through channels arranged in the manner
hereinafter described, so as to be brought into forcible contact, whereby they
become thoroughly disintegrated or broken up into minute particles, and thus
produce a mist-like spray, which may be beneficially employed for the purposes
hereinafter described.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a metal tube or nozzle having a chamber
fitted or formed on its outer extremity, provided with two or more channels
arranged in pairs, the channels of each pair converging towards each other.
This tube or nozzle with its converging channels is secured to the outer
extremity of a hose pipe, main pipe, or any other conductor of water, or to a garden
engine, syringe, or other suitable pumping or forcing apparatus by which liquid
may be forced through the nozzle, which liquid will pass through the converging
channels in streams or columns, and will be caused to impinge against or come into
forcible contact with each other, whereby they become thoroughly disintegrated or
broken up into a mist-like spray covering a considerable area, and which by
suitably manipulating the nozzle can be brought to bear on any given line or
object.

page_text: This apparatus may be employed for distributing water or other simple fluid;
but it is also intended for the distribution (for certain purposes) of chemical or
other matter in combination with the water, in which case I prefer to mix or
impregnate the water with the chemicals or other matter as it passes through the
tube or nozzle, and before it enters the converging channels.
In order to effect the above object, I place the chemical or other matter employed
either in the chamber hereinbefore described provided at the outer end of the
nozzle, or I fit or form on the nozzle auother or additional chamber or chambers for
the reception of the said chemical or other matter, and I cause the water or a
portion thereof to enter and pass into and through this chamber or chambers, and
thus force a portion of the chemical or other matter therefrom, and cause it to
become diluted by and mixed with the water before it enters the converging
passages.
The following are some of the various purposes to which my Invention may be
applied, viz., watering greenhouses, conservatories, ferneries, vineries, peacheries, or
any other like building, and also to assist the propagation of sporules, ferns, and seeds,
and other germinating properties of the more delicate plants by the mist-like spray
produced, which mist also imparts a beautiful bloom to foliage and fruit; it is also
to be employed for distributing liquid disinfectants, chemicals, spirits, perfumes, and
any other like material to ensure the destruction or prevent the growth of any
insects, vermin, fungi, or other injurious matter or thing infesting plants, trees, or
other object or place; also for washing windows, carriages, paint, or for any other
purpose for which an ordinary garden engine, syringe, or other similar forcing
apparatus is employed.
It is also specially applicable for extinguishing fire, which it effects with great
rapidity with a minimum amount of liquid, whilst the destruction of property
by water which usually occurs by the ordinary method of extinguishing fire is
entirely obviated, by reason of the peculiar form of the jet and mist-like spray
produced.
If desired in order to prevent the converging channels from becoming clogged
or stopped up strainers or filtering media may be placed in the passage leading
thereto, through which the impregnated liquid is caused to pass before entering
the channels.
If the chemical or other matter employed is in a liquid form, I place in the
chamber sponge, cotton wool, or other suitable absorbent or retaining material,
through which the water is caused to force the chemical or other matter, which
water thus becomes impregnated or the chemical diluted with the water before
entering the converging passages.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Hyett Bentley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
September 1880.
"
THOMAS HYETT BENTLEY, of Scarborough, in the County of York, "Hotel
Manager." IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING OR DELIVERING
LIQUIDS IN THE FORM OF SPRAY OR MIST."
My said Invention relates to apparatus for distributing or delivering water and
other liquids in the form of mist-like spray to be employed for horticultural,
floricultural, agricultural, and other purposes for which a jet or spray of liquid is
required or could be beneficially employed, and it consists in causing two or more
streams, columns, or sheets of liquid to flow or to be forced through two or more
channels or passages, so arranged in pairs that the channels of each pair converge
towards each other at a suitable angle to cause the two streams, columns, or sheets
of liquid passing through them to come into contact with each other with sufficient
force to disintegrate or divide them into minute particles, and thus produce a mist-
like spray which may be employed for a great number of purposes, some examples
of which are hereinafter mentioned. In carrying out my Invention in its simplest
form I construct the converging passages or channels in the outer extremity of a
tube, or I fit into or onto the outer extremity of a tube a piece provided with the
converging channels or passages, and I connect the tube to a hose pipe, watermain,
or other conductor of liquid, or to a garden engine or other suitable pumping or
forcing apparatus by which liquid may be forced through the converging channels
or passages, a stop cock or valve being provided in the tube between the liquid
supply and the converging channels for the purpose of regulating or stopping the
flow of liquid as required. Chemicals in a liquid form may be distributed by the
apparatus constructed in the form described, but I prefer in some cases, when using
chemicals, to mix them with the water in its passage through the tube before it
enters the converging passages, for which purpose I provide the tube with one or
more chambers, into which the chemical matter (either solid or liquid) is placed,
and through which a portion of the water is caused to pass and convey a portion
of the chemical matter therefrom, and mix it with the main body of water before it
enters the converging channels or passages.
In order to make my Invention clearly understood I shall now proceed to further
describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, Fig. of which represents a longitudinal section of an apparatus
constructed according to my Invention in its simplest form; Fig. 1a is a longitudinal
section and an end view of a nozzle detached, containing two pairs of converging
channels or passages; Figs. 2 and 2ª represent respectively a longitudinal section
and an end view of a modification of the apparatus, showing an arrangement or
combination of three pairs of converging channels or passages; Fig. 3 represents a
further modification of the apparatus which may be employed for distributing (as
required) water only or water impregnated or mixed with chemical matter; and
Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrams which will be hereinafter referred to.
Referring to Fig. 1, A is a tube which may be made of metal or other suitable
material and connected at the end B to a hose-pipe or other conductor of liquid,
whilst its opposite or outer end C is fitted with a nozzle or chamber D, by preference
of a spherical form, into which water from the tube enters through a valve or stop-
cock E. a, a, are two channels or passages formed in a piece b screwed into the
nozzle or chamber D, but which may if desired be formed in the nozzle itself.
These two channels or passages converge from the interior of the chamber D to the
exterior thereof at an angle of about 30°, but they may be arranged at any other
angle that will cause the two columns or streams of liquid passing through them to
come into contact with sufficient force to effect their thorough disintegration or

page_text: "rose
division into minute particles, and thus produce an exceeding fine and mist-like
spray, which may be employed for similar purposes (but with greater efficiency)
for which an ordinary
or other jet is at present employed. When it is
desired to cover a large extent of surface I combine in one nozzle several pairs of
converging passages, as shown in Fig. 1º, Fig. 2, Fig. 2a, and Fig. 4, or two long narrow
converging passages, as shown in Fig. 5, which arrangements will be found very
effective for extinguishing fire, as the peculiar form of spray produced enables it to
be directed with the greatest accuracy to any required place, whilst it may be made
to cover a large extent of surface either in a vertical or in a horizontal direction. Or,
if desired, several pairs of converging passages may be arranged at suitable intervals
along a tube and the liquid be caused to pass through all or any number of them, as
required, simultaneously. The apparatus herein before described may be employed for
distributing disinfectants, perfumes, deodorizing liquids, and also chemicals previously
mixed with water, but for some purposes it is requisite or desirable to mix the chemicals
employed with the water in its passage through the apparatus and before it enters
the converging channels, in which case I prefer to employ an apparatus constructed
in the manner illustrated by Fig. 3, in which A rèpresents the tube connected to
the hose-pipe, or other water conductor, or water forcing apparatus; D, the nozzle
or chamber into which the water enters from the tube A; and E, the valve or stop-
cock for regulating the flow of the water. The chemical matter to be mixed aud
distributed with the water is placed in a chamber F situated between the nozzle
or chamber D and the cock or valve E. The chamber F communicates with the
nozzle or chamber D through the perforations b', an annular valve c being provided
if desired between the chambers F and D for the purpose of contracting more or
less the perforations b', and thereby control the admission of the liquid from the
chamber F to the chamber D. The chamber F is also made to communicate (when
desired) with the passage in the tube A through passages d & e, provided
respectively in the body E and the plug H of the cock or valve.
The apparatus is operated in the following manner :-Assuming that it is desired
to distribute water only, the plug H of the cock is turned so as to cause the
passage f in the plug H to coincide with and form a continuation of the passage g
in the tube A; the water will then pass direct into the nozzle or chamber D, thence
through the converging passages a, a, and produce a mist-like spray of water similar
to that hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 1; when however it is desired
to impregnate the water with the chemical matter contained in the chamber F, the
plug H of the cock is turned slightly so as to establish a communication through
the passages d and e between the chamber F and the passage g in the tube A, the
correct position; of the plug for this purpose being indicated by a hole c' or other
mark on the thumb piece d¹ pointing towards the chamber F, or to a suitable mark
provided for the purpose; a portion of the water passing through the tube A will
then enter the chamber F by the passages e and d and pass out therefrom
impregnated with the chemical matter, which it carries with it through the
perforations 61 (the disc valve c being open) into the nozzle or chamber D, where it
will meet and mix with the main body of water entering the nozzle through the
passage g of the tube A before it passes through the converging passages a, a. The
strength of the mixture may be regulated as required by adjusting the valve c so
as to cover more or less the perforations b¹, and thus admit more or less of the
diluted chemical matter from the chamber F into the chamber D. If desired (for
example, for the purpose of mixing certain chemicals for producing carbonic acid
gas for extinguishing fire) chemical matter may be placed in both the chambers F
and D or in chambers arranged in any other suitable manner, and the chemical
conducted from one of the chambers, for example, the chamber F, and mixed with
that contained in another of the chambers, for example, the chamber D, in the
manner herein before last described. The converging passages a, a, may be of a
circular, square, oval, or other suitable form, and when more than one pair of such
passages are combined in one apparatus they may be arranged side by side, as shown

page_text: in Fig. 2, or they may be arranged in a triangle, as shown in the diagram, Fig. 4,
or in any other suitable manner.
If the chemical matter employed is in a liquid form I place in the chamber
containing it sponge, wool, or other suitable absorbent or retaining material,
through which the water is caused to pass and convey with it a portion of the
chemical matter before entering the converging passages.
Among the various purposes for which the apparatus may be employed the following
may be mentioned as examples, viz., watering greenhouses, vineries, conservatories,
ferneries, palm-houses, and other similar buildings, also grass plaits, seed beds, plants,
trees, and the like, distributing perfumes, disinfectants, deodorizing materials, and
liquids for destroying insect life, fungi, or other injurious matter or thing infesting
plants, trees, or other objects or places, washing windows, carriages, paintwork, and
the like, and it is specially applicable for extinguishing fire, which it effects with great
rapidity with a minimum amount of liquid, whilst the destruction of property by
water which usually occurs by the ordinary method of extinguishing fire is entirely
obviated by reason of the peculiar form of the jet and mist-like spray produced. It
may also be attached to the existing pipes which supply water to urinals and water-
closets for the purpose of supplying chemicals thereto as required for disinfecting or
deodorizing them.
Having described the nature of my Invention and stated some of the purposes to
which it may be applied, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine or restrict
myself to such applications, neither do I restrict myself to the details in the
construction of the apparatus as described, but what I consider novel and claim as
my Invention is,-
First. Distributing or delivering liquids in the form of mist-like spray by causing
the liquid to pass through two passages or channels arranged so as to converge
towards each other at a suitable angle to cause the two columns, streams, or sheets
of liquid passing through them to come into contact with each other with sufficient
force to thoroughly disintegrate or divide the said liquid into minute particles,
substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. Constructing apparatus for distributing or delivering liquids in a
fine state of division with two or more converging passages arranged in pairs,
substantially in the manner herein before described and illustrated by my
Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination in apparatus for delivering or distributing liquids in
the form of spray, of two or more converging passages or channels, and a chamber
or chambers for containing chemical or other matter to be mixed with the liquid
before it passes through the converging channels, the whole being arranged and
operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I; the said Thomas Hyett Bentley, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty eighth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
THOMAS HYETT BENTLEY. (L.S.)