Improvements in File Cutting Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1891
·Complete Specification Left, 23rd May, 1892-Accepted, 25th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in File Cutting Machines.
I GUSTAV ENGELMANN of Leipzig Germany Mechanical Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that sort of file cutting machines where the toolholder
is carried in a fixed guide and is moved up and down in perpendicular direction,
whilst the angle of the cut is varied by changing the inclination of the bed or
anvil in carrying the same on trunnions in bearings upon the foundation plate and
providing means for conveniently turning the bed and changing its angle of
inclination.
In combination with the bed plate and with the tool holder new means are
provided for regulating and changing the strength of the cut by hand at any
moment during the time that a file is passing under the tool and also automatically
at a certain stage of the operation when it is desirable to reduce the force of
the cut.
The regulation by hand is done by a hand wheel and suitable intermediate
gearing by means of which the springs or buffers acting upon the tool holder and
forcing it down can be more or less compressed and their pressing power thus
varied.
The selfadjustment towards the end of a file under action consists in the
combination of a wedge shaped lever which is acted upon at a certain moment by
the forward movement of the slide carrying the file and then by the use of suitably
arranged intermediate levers has a similar effect upon the buffers or springs acting
upon the tool holder as the hand adjusting device mentioned before.
In order to secure a perfectly perpendicular position of the tool in the tool holder
and to fix it rigidly to the latter I also provide an improved means of fixing the
tool, consisting in a sort of strap and screw arrangement by which the tool is held
firmly in the toolholder.
The devices for advancing the slide carrying the file and for drawing the same
back in its original position, for holding the file upon the bed is on the whole
similar to that of older file cutting machines, but the general arrangement differs
from known file cutting machines and is more like that of the better type of slotting
machines with hollow cast standards or frames.
These more constructive details I however do not consider as patentable
inventions.
Dated this 18th day of August 1891
KARL S. MAYEK,
Agent for G. Engelmann.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in File Cutting Machines.
I, GUSTAV ENGELMANN of Leipzig Germany, Mechanical Engineer do hereby
O declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in that sort of file cutting machines
where a tool holder is moved up and down perpendicularly, whilst the angle of the
5 cut is varied by changing the inclination of the bed or anvil upon which the file to
be cut is bedded. This change being effected by carrying the bed on trunnions in

page_text: LIC
Quaving
bearings upon the foundation plate allowing to turn the bed in these bearings by
means of suitably arranged gearing. The invention further embodies new means
for changing and regulating the strength of the stroke or cut by hand and
automatically, also improved means of fixing the chisel holder and other details of
construction, which will be described fully hereafter.
On the accompanying drawing the machine is shown in various views and
sections.
Figure 1 is a front view of the machine partly in section ;
Figure 1 is a cross section of the carriage frame in front of the file bed;
Figure 2 is a vertical section at right angle to Fig. 1 ;
Figure 2 is a section along line II-II of Fig. 2;
Figure 3 is a side view of the machine;
Figure 4 is a top view, partly in section ;
Figure 5 is a horizontal section along line I-I of Fig. 2;
Figure 6 is a plan of the machine;
Figure 7 is a front view;
Figures 8, 9 & 10 show various views and sections of the tool holder;
Figure 11 is a vertical section of the machine showing a modified pressure
arrangement for the crosshead and for holding the file upon the bed ;
Figure 12 is a vertical section at right angle to Figure 11;
Figure 13 is a side view of the modified design ;
Figure 14 shows the top gear of the machine with another variation of the
pressure arrangement;
Figures 15, 16, 17 & 18 show a modified arrangement for the file pressure
roller;
Figures 19, 20 & 21 show a modification of the device for turning the file bed
laterally.
In the description and on the drawings similar figures are used for designating
similar parts.
The principal difference of my machine from other file cutting machines, working
in a similar manner, consists in the new arrangement of carrying the bed and in the
manner of adjusting the same for changing the angle of the cut and also in the
arrangement of the pressure roller holding the file upon the bed and in the means
for varying the strength of the cut.
The whole machine is carried upon a solid foundation plate 1 having a semi-
circular bearing 2 in front, in which the carriage frame 3 is so mounted by means
of the half round trunnion 4 at its bottom, that it can be turned thereon.
The back part of the bed plate carries the standard frame 5 to which are fixed
the driving gear, the chisel guide and the devices for varying and regulating the
pressure of the chisel and the pressure roller arrangement. A boss 6 cast at the
side of the standard 5 carries the driving shaft 7 with the fast and loose pulleys 8
and 81 and the fly wheel 9 at the back side and the little spur wheel 10 and the
cam 11 at the front side. The wheel 10 gears into a pinion 12 which is keyed upon
a spindle which is carried in a box 13 and at the other side of which is fixed a
disc 14, which serves for moving the file bed 15. This is therefore mounted upon
the carriage frame 3 as follows: The carriage frame is bored out semicircular
and the file bed forming the greater part of a cylinder is turned so as to fit into
the carriage frame, in which it can be shifted lengthways and also turned a little
laterally. The longitudinal motion is effected by a screw spindle 16, which is so
held in the carriage frame at both ends, that it can be turned round, but that it can
not move end ways. The file bed is fixed to this spindle by means of a nut 17,
which can be pressed upon the spindle or raised from it, by a lever 18 and a guide
bar 19 in a similar manner as the supports in screw cutting lathes, or in any other
suitable manner.
The spindle 16 is turned as follows: To the disc 14 is fixed a crank pin 20 to
which is connected a rod 21, the other end of which takes hold of the pin 22 of a
disc 23, causing the latter to swing to and fro when the disc 14 is turned round.

page_text: The disc 23 is free to turn on its spindle 24, but it can be coupled thereto by means
of a ratchet wheel 26 and a pawl 25 when moving in one direction. The spindle 24
which is carried in bearings at the end of the carriage frame 3 transmits its motion
by means of the bevil gearing 27 upon the screw spindle 16, causing thus the file
bed 15 to be shifted one way (towards the right in Fig. 1). In order to carry the
same back the nut 17 is raised from the screw spindle and the weight 28 suspended
on a cord, going over a pulley 29, pulls the file bed towards the left.
The shaft 7 also carries the cam 11 by means of which the tool is raised and
lowered in the following manner: On the front side of the frame 5, at its upper
part above the cam 11, is arranged a dove tailed guide in which a cross head 30
(Figs. 1, 2 & 5) moves up and down; at the side of the cross head is a bolt 31,
having a hardened head 32 of steel at its lower side, which reaches into the way of
the cam 11, when this is turned, and it is therefore raised by the latter when the
excentric part comes in contact with it.
At the front of the crosshead is fixed the chisel holder 40, and at its upperside it
is connected to a bar 34 passing through a plate 35 and being provided with an
adjustable disc 36. Upon this disc are the india rubber buffers 37, which press
against an adjustable abutment plate 38 at the top. Therefore, when the cross
head is driven upwards by the cain, the buffers 37 are compressed, and when the
cam releases the cross head, this goes suddenly down making a cut with the
chisel 39.
The chisel is fixed in a separate tool holder 40 (Fig. 8, 9 & 10) consisting of a
piece of round steel 41, being forged flat on one side and set off; it is combined
with an angle piece 42. The chisel is placed upon the flattened part of the tool
holder 40 bearing against the set off part of the round part 41, and the angle 42 is
put upon it; a strap 43 is then put round the two pieces, and screws 44 and 45 hold
them together (Fig. 8, 9 & 10). By the use of this tool-holder the chisel is held
firmly and safely and it can be turned to any angle. A screw 46 holds the round
bar 41 of the tool holder fast in the cross head.
Now in order to be able to vary and regulate the power of the down stroke of
the buffers 37 by hand, the buffer disks are made to press against an adjustable
plate 38, which is placed on the bar 34 between three columns 47, standing on the
plate 35. At the top the columns carry a plate 48 similar in shape to the plate 35
and having a central nave or boss 49 cast to it, which serves as a guide for the
hollow spindle 50, which is screwed to the plate 38 and guides the bar 34. The
upper end of 50 is provided with screw thread; a little spur wheel 51 with its boss
forming the nut of this screw; this wheel can be turned upon the screw thread of 50
but it can not be shifted lengthways because it is held between the brackets 55 cast
to the plate 48.
The wheel 51 is in gear with a pinion 52, which is keyed fast to a bar 53 in front
of the machine, and to the lower end of which is fixed a little hand wheel 54, by
means of which the spur wheels 52 and 51 can be turned, and thus the spindle 50
and the plate 38 can be lowered and raised, and the buffers 37 can be compressed
more or less by hand.
The automatic change of the pressure of the buffers towards the end of a file in
order to reduce the power of the stroke is made as follows: To the file bed 15 is
fixed a roller 56 and a pin 57 is fastened to the same at the other side by a
bracket 57 (Fig. 4) serving as fulcrum for a lever 58 having a wedge 59 fixed to it
at the right end. The lever 58 and its wedge 59 glide under the roller 56 when
the file bed is moved lengthways. The wedge is adjustable lengthways upon the
lever 58, so that it stands always opposite to the endpart of the file, and when it
passes in this position underneath the roller 56, it presses down the lever 58 and
thus it turns the bellcrank lever 60, which is connected to the latter by a con-
necting rod 59. The vertical arm of the bellcrank lever 60 is connected to a
wedge 61 (Fig. 1) passing into a slot in the bar 34 and serving as support for the
disc 36 which carries the india rubber buffers 37.
From the manner in which the file bed 15, the roller 56, the lever 58 and the

page_text: wedges 60 and 61 are put together and work together, it will be easily understood
that when the roller 56 presses down the wedge 59, that is at the end of a file, the
wedge 61 is pulled forwards a little and therefore the buffers are released and their
power is reduced.
In order to press the file firmly upon the file bed 15 on a layer of lead, I use a
roller 64 held in a forked bar 64, which is guided in a bracket 62 and being pressed
down upon the file by a spring 63 put round the bar 64*.
This roller can be raised up and down, when a new file is to be put into the
machine, or one that has been cut, is taken out, by means of a hand lever 66
(Fig. 2 & 7), which can be turned upon the spindle of the roller and having an
excentric boss so that by turning the lever 66 one way or the other the spindle is
raised or lowered, pressing the roller 64 upon the file or releasing it. Now in
order to be able to change the angle of the file which it makes with regard to the
perpendicular motion of the chisel, I arrange a shaft 67 underneath the carriage
frame 3, which can be turned on the trunnions 4 in the bearing 2; at one end of the
shaft 67 is a handle 68 and a ratchet wheel 69; at the other end it carries a
pinion 70 gearing into a circular rack 71, fixed to the machine frame 5, and having
its center in the axis of the trunnion 4. The same result will be attained, when the
rack is fixed to the carriage frame, and the other parts of the turning gear are
mounted upon the bed plate 1 as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 7.
This figure shows also another device for turning the carriage frame: Here the
plates 72, which are fixed before the bearing 2, serve as guides or bearings for the
spindle 73 of an endless screw 73 which is in gear with a part of a worm wheel 74.
This worm wheel 74 is screwed to the trunnion of the carriage frame and it will be
easily understood now, that in turning the hand wheel 75, the carriage bed can be
turned, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 7, so as to change its angle of
inclination and the angle of the cut of the file.
In order also to be able to turn the file bed a little in lateral direction a
quadrant 76 (Fig. 3 & 4) is fixed to the file bed which gears into a worm 77,
supported in a bracket which is secured to the carriage frame and by turning the
hand wheel 78 the quadrant 76 is turned and consequently also the file bed.
The Figures 11-19 show a few variations of details, which may be introduced in
place of the corresponding devices described above and shown in the figures of
Sheets one and two. Thus the disc 23 is replaced by a lever 23", and instead of the
small ratchet wheel 26, a large one 26" is put in its place. The connecting rod 21
instead of being made in one piece only is made of two pieces 21ª & 21b, both being
coupled together by a coupling piece 21. By thus coupling the bar 21", 21" it can
be lengthened or shortened to adapt itself better to the angle of the carriage
frame.
The Figures 11, 12, 13 & 14 show also a modified device for adjusting and
regulating the pressure of the buffers by hand, and also an arrangement for reducing
the power of the stroke towards the end of a file.
For changing the power of the stroke by hand I use in place of the smooth
bar 53, and the wheel and pinion 51, 52 the following arrangement shown in Fig. 14:
In the eye 35ª of the plate 35 guiding the bar 53", is fixed a nut 35" and the
bar 53 is provided with screw thread, so that when being turned in the nut 35b it
is raised or lowered; at its upper end it is joined to a lever 80 having its fulcrum
in a connecting piece 81 upon the frame 5. A glance at Figure 14 will now show,
that when the hand wheel 54 is turned one way or the other way the spindle 53ª is
raised or lowered and the lever 80 pressing upon the smooth hollow spindle 50ª,
which is put in place of the screwed spindle 50, will cause a change of the pressure
upon the buffers 37 accordingly.
In order to change the power of the stroke automatically I have designed the
following arrangement: The bar 34ª which carries the crosshead 30 projects
beyond the hollow spindle 50 or 50%; at the top of this are placed between metal
plates 82 & 83 light buffers 84; hence it follows that when the stroke of the chisel
or the bar 34 respectively is increased in consequence of the file being thinner at

page_text: the end, the buffers 84 will be compressed and they thus counteract the pressure of
the main buffers 37 and a lighter cut is therefore attained as desired.
The Figures 11 & 12 show also another arrangement for the pressure roller
shown in detail in Figures 15-18. This consists of a bracket 85 having a circular
boss which is fixed against the main frame 5 by means of bolts 86 which pass
through oblong circular slots so that the bracket can be turned on a pivot 87. On
this bracket a slide 88 can be shifted in a radial direction by means of a screw 89
and dovetail guide, and in this slide the roller holder 90 can be raised and lowered,
for which purpose it is guided in a box in the slide and by a rod 91 which rises
upwards and passes through a hole in a stay or bracket 92 forming part of the
slide 88. The upper end of the rod 91 is linked to a lever 93, which can be turned
on a pin 97 and ending in a pawl 95; this lever acts like a ratchet brace on a
ratchet wheel 96; this wheel can not be turned round, it is fast on a square pin 94
between the two connecting pieces 98 holding the pin 97; these connecting pieces
can be turned round the wheel .96 on a box surrounding the square pin 94.
strong spring 99, which is placed round the rod 91, presses the roller holder down-
wards. In order to release the roller holder from the pressure of the spring 99 the
lever 93 is raised, a pin 100 coupling it fast with the connecting pieces 98 which are
put on boshes placed round the square pin 94.
A
The roller 101 itself is held on a pin 103 in a separate box 102, which lies free
in the roller holder; guide and pressure rollers 104 allowing it sufficient play, so
that it can adjust itself to inequalities of the files; the rollers 104 serve at the
same time to take up the back pressure against the roller 101.
The Figures 19-21 show the modified device for turning the file bed sideways.
A strap 105 is bolted to the end part of the file bed; the edges of the strap stand
upon the carriage frame 3, so that this part of the file bed, which, as can be seen
also from Figures 1 & 4, is fixed separately to the left part of the same, can not be
turned. At the free end of the strap 105 a bolt 106 is fixed, to which is screwed a
thumb nut 107, into the upper part of which is screwed a bolt 108, and to this is
linked a rod 109, the other end of which is fixed to the back part of the file bed 15,
and it will now be understood how this part can be turned a little laterally by
raising or lowering the nut 107.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1.) In a file cutting machine mounting the carriage frame on a trunnion 4 carried
in a bearing 2 of the bed plate 1, so as to be able to alter the angle of inclination
of the carriage frame as set forth and for the purpose described.
2.) The arrangement of the buffers 37 round the bar 34, carrying the cross-
head 30 and the toolholder 40, and between the disc 36 and the abutement plate 38
in such a manner that the buffers can be pressed together or released either by hand,
in lowering the abutement plate 38 by means of the hand wheel 54, rod 53, pinion
and wheel 52 & 51 and the screwed hollow spindle 50, or by the action of the
machine itself in pulling out the wedge 61 by means of the crank lever 60, the
rod 59, the lever 58 and the wedge 59, which is pressed down by the roller 56
when the file bed moves along in the carriage frame 3, as set forth and specified.
3.) The tool holder 40 consisting of the round bar 41 having a flattened part,
the angle 42 and the strap 43, in combination with the pressure screws 44 and 45.
4.) The device for reducing the pressure of the buffers 37 consisting of the
plates 82, 83 and the little buffers 84 at the upper end of the bar 34³, as set forth
and shown.
5.) The device for altering the pressure of the buffers by hand, consisting of the
handwheel 54, the screw spindie 53 and the lever 80 in combination with the
smooth hollow spindle 50, as shown and described.
6.) The arrangement for pressing the file down upon the file bed consisting of a
bracket 85 turning on a pivot 87 and carrying the slide 88 with the roller holder 90

page_text: and the roller box 102 in combination with the lever 93 and pawl 95 and the
ratchet wheel 96, as shown and set forth.
7.) The device for turning the file bed sideways consisting of the strap 105 fixed
to the endpart of the file bed, the screws and nut 106, 107 & 108 and the rod 109
connecting the screw 108 to the movable back part of the file bed, as set forth and
for the purpose specified.
G. ENGELMANN,
Per Karl S. Mayer,
Agent.