CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS F IN MACHINEAI ZUR IDE MANURAVI EVE ADOKAWADE AVEAwww.
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Drabble, of Hasland, in the County of
Derby, Gentleman, and John Smith Raworth, of the City of
Manchester, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
F
IN MACHINEAI ZUR IDE MANURAVI
EVE ADOKAWADE AVEAwww.
99
Sealed the 10th November 1868, and dated the 29th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Drabble and John
Smith Raworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th May 1868.
We, JOHN DRABBLE, of Hasland, in the County of Derby, Gentleman,,
and JOHN SMITH RAWORTH, of the City of Manchester,, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLL OR TWIST TOBACCO," to be
as follows:-
In the first place we employ a pair of feed rollers driven at a suitable.
speed; into these rollers the tobacco leaf known as "filler" is fed by an.
attendant, and as soon as it has passed through them it becomes twisted
(by means which will be hereafter described), and passes through an
apparatus whereby an outer coat of tobacco leaf known as wrapper is laid

page_text: spirally upon the roll or rope of filler already spun. This apparatus may
be constructed in a variety of ways without departing from the principle
of its action.
The following are some of the methods which we propose to adopt :-
We take a thin metal plate, and bend one edge of it about three-quarters
of the way round a piece of round iron of about the same diameter as the
twist to be made, leaving an opening between the bent edge and the
flat part of the plate. After removing the bar around which the plate
was bent, we fix the plate in such a position that the twisted roll of
tobacco passes through the circular or tube-like part of it. The leaves
of tobacco to form the wrapper are laid on the flat part of the plate, and
being introduced successively by an attendant beneath and at an angle
with the revolving roll of tobacco through the opening already described,
are drawn in by the friction of the roll of tobacco against the plate, and
so become wrapt spirally round the outside of the aforesaid roll.
Another form of this apparatus is made by introducing hinge joints or
extra bends in the metal plate between the top and bottom half of the
circular or tube-like portion so as to give it increased clasticity, or the
top circular half may be taken away and a flat. plate substituted, or its
place may be supplied by a roller, the axis of which may be parallel to
the roll of tobacco, or at such an angle as may be found most convenient.
In the same way a roller may be substituted for the bottom half of the
circular part of the plate, so that the roll or twist will revolve between
two or more rollers, the axes of which may be either parallel or inclined to
each other and the roll of tobacco. In cither case whether we use plates
or rollers we divide them longitudinally into short lengths, so that they
may the more readilly adapt themselves to the irregularities in the
diameter of the roll. To the flat part of the plate we apply brushes
revolving or travelling upon a pitch chain or endless band, and so arranged
as to spread out the leaf of wrapper as it is being drawn in by the re-
volving roll, the brushes being so connected with a treadle or handle that
the attendant can move them out of his way on the introduction of another
leaf. Lastly, the tobacco is wound up on a bobbin driven at a suitable
speed upon its own axis for taking up the roll as it is made, and also
carried upon a frame or face plate, the axis of which is in a line with the
roll of tobacco as it passes, from the feed rollers to the bobbin, so that
both it and the bobbin may revolve together, and so continually twist the
tobacco as it is supplied by the feed rollers. Or the axis of the bobbin

page_text: may be placed in a line with the roll of tobacco, and the roll laid upon
it by an arm or flyer carrying a guide pulley over which the tobacco is
led. A suitable traverse motion being applied in both cases for arranging
the coils evenly upon the bobbin. When the roll is required to be very
firm or hard we place compressers at one or more places between the feed
rollers and the bobbin. These compressors may be made by arranging
two or more rollers upon a plate, the peripheries of the rollers being
formed to suit the cylindrical shape of the roll of tobacco, the plate which
carries the rollers being made to revolve at the same speed as the roll or
twist. Before the roll is wound on the bobbin we give it a coat of oil by
means of an endless band passing through a trough of oil, and thence by
pullies over the roll of tobacco, we also apply a self-acting lubricator at
the place where the wrapper is laid on.. In case the twist should break
in the process of manufacture we join it by a shackle consisting of a split
metal tube or other equivalent, which takes hold of the broken ends.. In
making the finer kinds of twist in which no filler is used, the wrapper is
fed as in the case described above, but instead of the rope of filler a
needle is used. fixed at the end farthest from the bobbin, and as the twist
is made it is drawar off the needle and delivered to the bobbin at the
proper speed by a pair of revolving rollers made as described for the
compressors..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jolin Drabble and John Smith Raworth in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th November 1868...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN:
DRABBLE, of Hasland, in the County of Derby, Gentleman, and JOHN
SMITH RAWORTH,. of the City of Manchester, Engineer; send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Drabble and John Smith Raworth,.
Her special license that we, the said John Drabble and John. Smith.
Raworth, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or. such others as

page_text: we, the said John Drabble and John Smith Raworth, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLL OR TWIST TOBACCO," upon the
condition. (amongst others) that we, the said John Drabble and John.
Smith Raworth, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Drabble and John Smith
Raworth, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in.
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-—
In the first place we employ a pair of feed rollers between which the:
tobacco leaf known as "filler" is fed by an attendant, and as soon as it
lias passed between them it becomes twisted by the improved machinery
hereafter described, and passes through an apparatus whereby an outer
coat of tobacco leaf, known as "wrapper," is laid spirally upon the roll
or rope of filler already spun. The tobacco is wound upon a bobbin for
taking up the roll as it is made, which bobbin is carried upon a revolving
frame or face plate. When the roll is required to be very firm or hard
we place compressors at one or more places between the feed rollers.
and the bobbin. These compressors may be made by arranging two
or more rollers upon a plate, the peripheries of the rollers being formed
to suit the cylindrical shape of the roll of tobacco, the plate which
carries the rollers being made to revolve at the same speed as the roll
or twist. Before the roll is wound on the bobbin we give it a coat of
oil by means of an endless band passing through a trough of oil and
thence by pulleys over the roll of tobacco, we also apply a self-acting
lubricator at the place where the wrapper is laid on. In case the twist
should break in the process of manufacture we join it by a shackle
consisting of a split metal tube or other equivalent, which takes hold

page_text: of the broken ends. In making the finer kinds of twist in which no
filler is used the wrapper is fed as in the case described above, but
instead of the rope or filler a needle is used fixed at the end farthest
from the bobbin and as the twist is made it is drawn off the needle and
delivered to the bobbin at the proper speed by a pair of revolving
rollers made as described for the compressors.
general arrangement of our improved machine for manufacturing roll
and twist tobacco; Figures 3 and 4 are cross sections.
a is the feeding table, supported by the brackets a', on which the
tobacco to be operated upon is laid; a² is a guide or channel on the table
into which the tobacco called "filler" is regularly fed by the attendant,
and along which it passes to the feed rollers b; c is a compressor which
twists the tobacco and pulls it forward from the feed rollers; d is the
apparatus for laying on the wrapper which forms the smooth outside
covering of the rope of filler already spun. After the wrapper is laid
on the twisted tobacco is oiled by means of the arrangement e, and then
it enters another revolving compressor f, where it is hardened and
consolidated by means of the pressure of the rollers, which are held
up to their work by springs; from this it is wound on to a bobbing at a
uniform speed and in regular layers by an arrangement herein-after to
be described.
The machine is driven in the first instance by a strap running on
to the speed pulley which drives the shaft k, extending the whole
length of the machine, and from which at various points power is taken
to the several parts already mentioned. The connection between this
shaft and the pulley h can be instantly made or broken by applying
the foot to either of the treadles or , which are in connection with a
clutch formed in the pulley h; they also govern the brake m, which
comes into action immediately the pulley h ceases to drive. The
treadles and are attached to a shaft which runs the whole length of
the machine, and which actuates the brake and clutch motion by
levers fixed on it. The brake consists of a helix m of iron or steel
wound rather loosely round the driving shaft k, and attached at one
end to the frame and at the other connected by the link m¹ to the
lever on the shaft, so that when the treadles and are moved

page_text: the helix is tightened up so as to nip the driving shaft. The lever n
carries a brake block, which presses against the small pulley n', and as
long as the pressure between these two, which is maintained by the
spring n shewn in Figure 4, is not relieved by either of the attendants
pressing the treadle or the power will be transmitted from the
speed pulley to the shaft k, and the machine will be in operation.
The feed rollers bare driven by the upright shaft o, which receives
its motion from the friction disc o¹ bearing upon the friction wheel o° on
the shaft k. This friction wheel can be moved longitudinally along the
shaft k, so that the speed of the upright shaft o may be varied at
pleasure. On the top of the upright shaft o is a bevel wheel o³, which
drives the feed rollers b, see Figures 5, 6, and 7, on Sheet 2. The
compressors c and fare driven from the shaft p, which is itself driven
from the shaft k by a strap passing over the two pulleys p' and '.
The band from the pulley 2 to the pulley c¹ on the first compressor
communicates the rotary motion to it, and the band from the pulley p³
to the pulley c regulates the amount of forward motion of the com-
pressor rollers. The pulley p is for driving the second compressor f.
We do not always apply the feed motion to this compressor, but trust
to the drawing action of the bobbin g for pulling the twist forward. The
bobbing and the apparatus for laying the twisted tobacco on to it arc
carried on the face plate g¹ at the end of the shaft r, which is rotated
by a band from the pulley to the pulley 7. The rate of take up of
the bobbing is regulated in the following manner:-The speed
pulley keyed on the shaft r drives the speed pulley 13³, which
is loose on the shaft k, and this in its turn drives the pulley "',
and by altering the speed of this pulley by changing the band
from one step of the pulley to another the speed of the take
up may be regulated.
On Sheet 2 Figure 5 is a side elevation, Figure 6 is a front
elevation, and Figure 7 a plan of the feed rollers and gear. The
roller is flanged on one side, but may be made in any convenient
form; it is carried on the shaft &, and is driven by the spur wheel b³,
into which the pinion 6' gears. The shaft which carries the
pinion is driven by the bevel wheels b. o is the upright shaft
already described. The top roller b¹ carried in the frame is free
to move vertically in the slots 68, and it is pressed down by the
springs and set screw shewn in the Drawing. The whole frame b

page_text: and the top romer 0 Can De burned Dack on a ling
strut has been knocked away. The circumferences of the feed
rollers and 6 are slightly grooved to increase their hold on the
tobacco.
Figure 8 is a section, and Figure 9 a front elevation of the.
compressor. c and c are the rollers between which the tobacco
passes, and c¹ are the springs which hold them together. On each
of the axes of these rollers is a bevel wheel &, driven by a pinion c³,
which is carried on a short spindle passing through the pulley c²;
at the other end of these spindles are the spur wheels c³, which
gear into the spur wheel ce loose on the boss of the pulley c* but
attached by pins to the rope pulley c³. When the rope pulley c
and the spur wheel care stationary and
the rollers c are passing the tobacco forward at the greatest speed.
When slower speeds are required the pulley c' and the spur wheel c.
are made to revolve in the same direction as the pulley c* but at
a less velocity. The projection cupon which the compressor revolves.
is made hollow to admit of the passage of the tobacco.
the pulley is revolving
Figure 10 is a section, Figure 11 is an end elevation, and Figure 12
is a plan of the apparatus for oiling the twist tobacco before it is
wound on to the bobbin. e¹ and e¹ are two side frames, which carry
two pulleys e; round these pulleys a band e³ runs dipping into the
trough e, which contains oil. The tension of the band is maintained
by the weight of the pulley es, which runs in the loop of the band in
the trough. The pulleys e are geared together by spur wheels, which
e is a
are driven by means of the pulley e from the shaft below.
channel in which the twist of tobacco runs, and which scrapes the oil
off the band and deposits it upon the twist.
Figure 13 is a longitudinal section, Figure 14 is a cross section, and
Figure 15 a plan of another form of apparatus for oiling the twist."
c' is the trough, and are three rings which run round by contact.
with the tobacco which passes through them.
On Sheet 3 Figure 16 is a cross section, and Figure 17 is a plan
of the apparatus for laying on the wrapper. d is the feeding board on
which the leaves are laid; d' is a plate, which is bent round to form a
channel for the twist tobacco, leaving an opening d for the introduction
of the leaves of the wrapper. The channel portion of the plate is cut

page_text: across at short intervals to enable it to accommodate itself more
readily to the inequalities in the thickness of the twist.
Figure 18 is a cross section, and Figure 19 a plan of a similar
arrangement with additional bends introduced into the plate to increase
its elasticity.
Figure 20 is a cross section, and Figure 21 is a plan of another
form, wherein a succession of rollers is substituted for the top half of
the channel of the plate. is a loose pin, which is threaded through
all the rollers and is carried on the arms d, so that the rollers
may be turned back out of the way when required.
Figure 22 is a cross section, and Figure 23 a plan of a similar
apparatus, the solid weights & being substituted for the rollers.
On Sheet 4 Figure 24 is an elevation, Figure 25 a cross section,
and Figure 26 a partial plan of another form of apparatus for laying
on the wrapper. a and a are two standards, joined by two stays b
and . The bottom cross stay & carries two plates c and c, which
have each a slot c¹ in them at an angle with the centre line of the
machine. Over these plates is a board d, on the under side of which
are two studs d, which move in the slots c'. The other end of the
board d is supported on the feeding board e by the plate d², which
is fast to the board d. Motion is imparted to the board d by the cam f
acting through the lever g. The connections between the lever and the
board are so arranged that the board can move in the direction of the
slots. The roll of tobacco is represented in section at t.
The top
board rests at one end on the tobacco and at the other end on the
pulley m, around which there is a thin band n connecting the top
and bottom boards. At the hinge the top board is divided into
narrow widths k³, k³, each of which is weighted but held up within
limits by the pin. The boards are shewn about to commence their
stroke, which when they have performed the chain is drawn tight
and lifts the board clear of the twist, and the fallers o and o drop
and hold the top board up while it is making its return stroke by
means of the spring p. The pulley m is free to slide longitudinally
in its bearings to accommodate itself to the angular motion of the
board, which motion is so arranged that the boards may travel with
the tobacco towards the bobbin during the time they are rolling it
between them.

page_text: We wish to observe that revolving brushes may be applied to any
of the apparatus above described in reference to Figures 16 to 26,
revolving or travelling on a pitch chain or endless band, and so
arranged as to spread out the leaf of wrapper as it is being drawn in
by the revolving roll, the brushes being so connected with a treadle or
handle that the attendant can move them out of the way on the
introduction of another leaf.
Figure 27 is a section of the driving pulley of the machine showing
the kind of clutch employed. a is a helix of iron or steel attached at
its end a to the pulley h, its other end a being fastened to the small
pulley m'. The two pulleys h and m have no connection but the helix.
The brake block n, already described in Sheet 1, bears against the pulley
n', and so retards its motion and tightens the helix round the shaft k,
which is consequently put in motion, but stops the moment the brake
block is withdrawn by the attendant's foot.
Figure 28 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 29 an end view of the.
shackle for joining the broken end of the twist when occasion requires ;
it is in two halves c and d, each of which is provided with long teethi
which enter the tobacco. The hook e enters the eye f and draws the
two halves together. These shackles may be considerably modified in
their construction, the object being to connect the broken ends without
increasing the diameter of the roll or twist at the joint.
Sheet 5 illustrates the bobbin arrangement. Figure 30 is a side
elevation; Figure 31 is an elevation of the opposite side; Figure 32 is
a plan, and Figure 33, an end view. Two side frames g¹ and g' are
carried on a face plate g², which revolves with the shaft supported in'
bearings, as shown in Sheet 1. g is the bobbin on which the twist is
wound, it runs on the pin g³ in the bearings g'. Motion is imparted to
the bobbin on its own axis by the friction wheels on the shaft &¹ which
is driven by the wheels and pinion 83, and by the sun-and-planet wheels
8 and ; the speed being altered by imparting a variable independent
motion to the sun wheel, as described in reference to Sheet 1. The
traverse motion for laying on the twist evenly is worked by the two
screws u and u, which get their motion from the friction wheel u¹
bearing on the opposite face of the bobbin g to that where the power is
applied. The friction wheels and s are kept in forcible contact with
which hold down the plate g³ on the
screws u can be altered by moving the
the bobbin by the wing nuts
bearing The speed of the

page_text: friction wheel u¹ along its shaft to or from the centre of the bobbin.
The power is transmitted from the friction wheel u¹ to the screws u
through the bevels ³, and then through the spur wheels u*; on these
screws is a casing us carrying two rollers u, between which the tobacco
passes. In this casing, which is shewn detached in Figures 34, 35, and
36, of Sheet 3, is a moveable piece u", on each side of which is cut a
segment of a female screw. Through this piece 7 passes a bolt us, the
middle of which is cut into two inclined planes so arranged that by
pushing the bolt as far as it will go the moveable nut will be thrown
out of gear with one screw, and into gear with the other, which runs
in the opposite direction. On the back of the casing is a latch v, which
takes into notches v¹ in the bolt us, so that the bolt cannot move until
the latch is withdrawn. In each frame g between the two screws u is
a small spiral spring v2, which as the traversing guide comes to either
side is compressed by the end of the bolt us, at the same time a wedge s
enters a hole provided for it in the end of the latch and at the right
moment when the spring of has become sufficiently compressed withdraws
it from the notch v¹ in the bolt 8, which is immediately pushed back,
thereby throwing the nut u into gear with the other screw. As the
diameter of the bobbin is increased by the addition of successive layers
of tobacco its speed has to be reduced to maintain a uniform rate of
take up. This is accomplished by moving the friction wheel s out from
the centre towards the periphery of the flange of the bobbin to a distance
corresponding to the thickness of each layer of twist. The shaft 81
drives the friction wheels by a feather key, so that the wheel may be
moved along the shaft. In a groove in the friction wheels is a loose
collar to which are attached two rods 8º; on these two rods are two loose
arms 8. To the top of these arms are attached rods &³, across the other
ends of which is a bar 8º, one side of which is formed into a detent to
gear with the worm 810 on the shaft &¹. to is a sliding plate put in
motion by the inclined planes w¹; which are moved by the traversing
guide coming in contact with the arms w², at either end of its traverse
a small roller w³ is attached to the plate w to lessen friction. At the
other end of the plate w are two raised pieces to which support the
detent and prevent it from falling in gear with the worm 810, except
when required. When the traverse guide has moved the inclined
planes far enough to pull the pieces w from under the detent 8º it
is brought into gear with the worms by the springs w³. The distance
of the centre of thic rods to the centre of the rods 8 is so great in

page_text: comparison with the thickness of the arms & as measured along the
rods & that no pressure applied by the rods 88 will cause the arm s' to
slip along the rods &, consequently the friction wheel s is moved along
the shaft s until the worm 810 has moved the detent 8 out of the range
of its action; when the plate w returns by the action of the springs w
the pieces to resume their position under the detent 9, the eccentric
cam x raising it up for that purpose. The arms & with the rods &8 and
detent are drawn back by the rods &" which connect the arms with.
the brackets on the sliding plate w. The screw x¹ is for regulating the
motion of the friction wheels according to the thickness of the layer of
twist. When the bobbin is full the nuts 2 are loosed, the plate g³ is
slid back towards the face plate 92, thus relieving the friction wheels ui
and & and exposing the head of the pin g³. A smart blow on the knob **
turns the lever on the loop x; as a fulcrum, and strikes up the pin g³
out of the bobbin g which may be removed. The details of this bobbin
gear may be varied.
Figure 37, on Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section, and Figure 38 is a
cross section of the combination employed for making the finer kinds
of twist, in which no filler is used. We use any of the apparatus for
laying on the wrapper, shewn in Figures 16 to 26 inclusive. The one
shewn in Figures 37 and 38 is similar to that shewn in Figures 16 and
17. In conjunction with any one of these various kinds of apparatus
we use a needle y which is carried in the socket end of the shaft y¹, and
is driven by the pulley y from the shaft p, see Figure 1 on Sheet 1.
The twist is formed round the needle y, and as it is made it is drawn
off by the compressor f, see Figure 1, Sheet 1, which in this casc
must be fitted with feeding gear, as described for the compressor c, also
referred to in Figure 1, Sheet 1.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, we declare that we claim,―
First. The general combination and arrangement of the machine,
as described and shown in Sheet 1, for manufacturing roll or twist
tobacco.
Secondly. The application of feed rollers to machines for manufac-
turing roll or twist tobacco, as shewn and described in reference to
Sheet 1 and to Figures 5, 6, and 7 of Sheet 2.

page_text: Thirdly. The application of compressors to the said machines, as
shewn and described in reference to Sheet 1 and to Figures 8 and 9-of
Sheet 2.
Fourthly. The various apparatus for wrapping the leaf tobacco on the
core of filler, as shewn and described in Sheet 1 and in Figures 16 to 26
inclusive.
Fifthly. The self-acting apparatus, consisting of a band or rings for
oiling the roll or twist tobacco, as shewn and. described in reference to
Sheet 1 and in Figure 10 to 15 inclusive..
Sixthly. The improved machinery described and. shewn in Sheets 1 1
and 5, for winding the roll or twist on to bobbins. in regular layers and
for reducing the speed of the bobbin according to the increasing, diameter
of the layers.
Seventhly. The application of the helical clutch and brake to machines
for manufacturing tobacco, as described and shewn in Sheet 1, and in 1
Figure 27 of Sheet 4.
Eighthly. The application of a needle in the manufacture of fine
twist, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 37 and 38.
And, lastly. The application of a shackle for piecing up the broken
ends of roll or twist tobacco, as shewn and described in reference to 2
Figures 28 and 29 of Sheet 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Smith Raworth, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of November
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JOHN SMITH KAWORTH. (L.S.)