matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Beyer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June 1856.
I, CHARLES BEYER, of the Firm Beyer, Peacock, and Company, Engineers,
at Gorton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to that class of locomotive engines known as
"outside cylinder engines," and they consist in a new arrangement of the
excentrics and valve geer, namely, in placing the excentrics between the
driving wheels and the bearings of their axle, which thus brings the valve
geer wholly on the outside of the framing of the engine, and allows as well of
a simplification of the cylinders in respect to their valve boxes and steam
passages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING AND UNWINDING ROPES AND CABLES, WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC CABLES FOR SUBMARINE PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felton Charles Kirkman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1857.
I, FELTON CHARLES KIRKMAN, of 38, Royal Street, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING AND UNWINDING
ROPES AND CABLES, WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC CABLES FOR SUBMARINE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode or method of winding and unwinding
ropes and cables upon a vertical drum or core attached to a base or flooring,
which is caused freely to rotate, to ensure a perfectly easy method of winding
and unwinding of the ropes or cables, instead of being coiled as at present
on the stationary bed or flooring of vessels, or otherwise, by which means
kinks and snares are unavoidably produced.
I hereby describe my Invention as applicable to the winding or unwinding
a wire rope or cable (similar to the transatlantic telegraph rope or cable)
from and on ship-board. I securely place in the hold or other part of the
vessel a vertical drum or core attached to a base or rotating flooring, on which
the rope or cable is to be wound, which process may be accomplished by
means of a rack-and-wheel motion geared to the platform, and fixed in such
a convenient position as to give a free and easy winding or rotary motion to
the platform and drum or core on which the cable is to be wound; the

page_text: machinery to be worked by steam power or otherwise, and to be provided
with a break or breaks to check the speed of winding or unwinding when
found necessary. This portion of the process being accomplished, the winding
machinery may be thrown out of gear, and the end of the rope or cable
passed over a loose pulley or sheave to regulate its delivery to a second drum
or capstan, round which one, two, or three, or more bends, as the case may
be, are to be made. This drum or capstan to be caused to rotate by means
of wheel motion, or gearing worked by steam power, or otherwise, and
provided with breaks to regulate its motion, thereby causing a regular and
equal strain upon the rope or cable, and at the same time securing an equal
delivery from the first drum and moveable platform, upon which the rope or
cable is first wound.
I do not limit myself to details in the application of this or any other
wheel motion or machinery for obtaining or regulating the rotary motion
required for the winding or unwinding ropes and cables. The essence of my
Invention consists in winding on to a vertical rotating drum and base a rope
or cable, and the unwinding the same free from kinks or snares, ensuring an
equal delivery at all times of the paying out from the vessel or ship.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON AND OTHER METALS WITH METALS OR METALLIC COMPOUNDS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bedson, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING
IRON AND OTHER METALS WITH METALS OR METALLIC COMPOUNDS."
Sealed the 21st July 1857, and dated the 23rd January 1857.
15 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Bedson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd July 1857.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Bedson, Her especial license that I, the said George Bedson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Bedson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
'term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON
AND OTHER METALS WITH METALS OR METALLIC COMPOUNDS," upon the condition,
amongst others, that I, the said George Bedson, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar monthis next and inmediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Bedson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to the coating of metals after that manner known
as galvanizing or tinning, that is to say, the articles are passed through a
bath of the molten metal intended to form the coating, and consists in the
application of certain substances floating upon the said baths. For this
purpose I employ salts of zinc, of which I have found the chloride and sulphate
to answer; with these other substances, as common salt, chlorides of lead,
manganese, &c. may be combined for the purpose of causing the metal to
run freely without affecting the principle of my Invention; that which I claim
under the above in part recited Letters Patent being the use of salts of zinc
for the purposes above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bedson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
DADCON
GEORGE BEDSON. (..)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF LAYING UNDERGROUND TELEGRAPHIC WIRES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1857. A communication from Martin Lébastien Goddier, and Hypolito
Eugène Goddier, both of Paris, in the Empire of France.
'I, GEORGE DAVIES, of 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and 28, St. Enoch Square, Glasgow, North Britain, Civil Engi-
neer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF LAYING UNDERGROUND TELEGRAPHIC
WIRES."-A communication from Martin Sebastien Goddier and Hypolite
Eugène Goddier, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the application or laying of
endless telegraphic wires under ground, by so arranging and preparing the
same that they can be conveniently folded, and transported ready for use to the
place where they are intended to be laid, and can there be readily unfolded,
and immediately deposited in the trenches intended for their reception.
The Invention consists, firstly, in placing such telegraphic wires either in
grooves formed in wooden rails, or in longitudinal channels or flutes formed
in sheet metal, and then filling the grooves or flutes in which the wires are
placed with liquid bitumen, or other water-resisting medium, in order to protect
and isolate them completely, and also in filling with bitumen or other suitable
material the space between each grooved rail after they have been laid; and

page_text: secondly, in leaving a space between the ends of each rail, which allows of
their being folded up into a bundle or package of a convenient length, so as
to afford a facility for transporting a great length of telegraphic wires, ready
for use, capable of being readily unfolded without breakago, and immediately
laid in the trenches in which they are intended to remain.
CLEANSING AND REBURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Parsons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th December 1857.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK PARSONS, of Number 1, Duke Street, Long Alley,
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CLEANSING AND REBURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be
as follows:-
It consists of a vertical revolving plate made of wrought or cast iron or
other metal, on which the charcoal to be cleansed and reburned is placed; this
plate is made to revolve in an air-tight furnace with a double fire acting under
the bottom of such revolving plate. At the end of each fire there is a bridge
at right angles with the bars of the furnace for the purpose of retaining the
heat. The flame travels twice round the revolving plate; the plate travels
on an upright shaft, and is driven by either bevil or meter gearing. The
upright shaft is protected from the fire by means of a hollow tube. The
revolving plate is fed or supplied with charcoal from the top by means
of a hopper; the mouth of the hopper is so constructed that it can spread
the charcoal over the plate any thickness. There are also in the furnace
two elevators that stand at right angles; these assist the hopper in spread-
ing the charcoal to any given thickness. There is also in the furnace a
scraper, which stands at an angle of forty-five degrees, and when the charcoal
is sufficiently burnt the scraper is lowered down by means of a double-acting

page_text: screw and bevil gearing, which scrapes the charcoal off the plate into an
internal tube with an oblique bottom, which causes the charcoal to be dis-
charged outside the furnace to any place that may be assigned for it. The
plate described above may be worked so as not to revolve. The burning of
the charcoal on a plate which does not revolve is included in the Invention.
The Invention also includes the use of more fires than one under the plate.
A METHOD FOR FACILITATING THE EXAMINATION AND DISCOVERY OF FISSURES, FLAWS, OR DETERIORATIONS IN THE INSERTED OR HIDDEN PARTS OF AXLES OR OTHER LIKE PIECES OF MACHINERY SUBJECT TO DECAY AND RUPTURE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ferdinand Toussaint at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1857.
I, JOSEPH FERDINAND TOUSSAINT, of the City of Brussels, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, Notary Public, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A METHOD FOR FACILITATING THE EXAMINATION AND DISCOVERY
OF FISSURES, FLAWS, OR DETERIORATIONS IN THE INSERTED OR HIDDEN PARTS OF
AXLES OR OTHER LIKE PIECES OF MACHINERY SUBJECT TO DECAY AND RUPTURE," to
be as follows:-
The object of this arrangement is to avoid the inconvenience and serious
accidents which may occur from the breaking of an axle or any other like
piece of machinery, in consequence of a flaw in the inserted or hidden parts
thereof.
This rupture may occur according to the arrangement of or the functions
performed by the inserted part, either at the point of insertion or beyond it.
In the first case the arrangement represented in the annexed Drawing at
Figure 1 will be suitable. It consists in rendering visible that part of the
axle or other piece of machinery where experience has shewn that breakage
is most to be apprehended, and which is effected by the aid of several small
notches (marked a, a, a, a, Figure 1,) made on the circumference of the

page_text: inserted piece, the same being made at a greater or less distance from one
another, as may be considered desirable.
In the second case the arrangement shewn at Figure 2 should be adopted,
which consists in leaving several openings (marked b, b, b, b,) at any convenient
distance asunder, and extending lengthways along the entire inserted part.
If the axle or piece of machinery has a shoulder or swelling just before the
point of insertion, this must be removed wholly or partially, to correspond
with the above-mentioned notches or openings.
It is evident that by these simple, easy, and inexpensive means a fissure or
flaw can be discovered even in the inserted or hidden parts of an axle or any
other piece, and the examination being thus easily made, all the danger and
inconvenience caused by the breakage of such pieces may be prevented.
This examination will be the more easy and more certain to lead to the
discovery of defects, since experience has shewn that these ruptures occur
transversely, and are for the most part produced by a fissure commencing at
the surface and extending inwards (as indicated in the part coloured red in
the transverse section in Figure 1), as, for instance, in the case of axles
or shafts having a rotatory motion, and subject at the same time to great
vibration.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY LOCK
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Salles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1857.
I, JEAN SALLES, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gunsmith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY LOCK," to
be as follows:
My Invention consists in prolonging the bolt or one of the bolts of a lock
outside the lock, or in connecting a tail piece with a hole with a cutting inner
edge to the bolt, in such manner that the bolt or bolts cannot be withdrawn
without the tail piece being moved. I attach to the lock a stationary plate
with an aperture through it, and when the bolts are shot the hole in the tail
piece or prolongation coincides with the hole in the stationary plate. I then
pass a lead rod through the holes in the tail piece and stationary plate, and
stamp up in a press or with a punch a head on both protruding ends of the
rod, and at the same time impress thereon any required device. In order to
open the lock it is necessary to cut off the lead bolt, and for this purpose I,
employ a fork, one of the prongs of which entering through a slot made for
the purpose in the lock plate behind the upper end of the tail pieces drives it
forward, causes the cutting edge on the inside of the aperture in the tail piece

page_text: to cut the lead bolt, and opens or allows of the bolts being opened or with-
drawn.
This lock will be found (among other uses) particularly applicable for
securing post office and mail bags, and for fixing on treasure and bullion
I have stated that I employ a lead rod, and I do so by preference, but
a rod of gutta percha or other suitable substance may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.),
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rankin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1857.
I, JOHN RANKIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS," to be as follows:-
Instead of the usual methods of fixing one or more squares of glass in a
window with perforations or lateral openings, made by fixing pieces of glass
with a space between each of them, I make a frame of tin or other suitable
metal or material the size of the frame in the sash where a pane of glass is
fixed; to each side of this metal frame I fix a number of small grooved frames
or holders, which work on centres or pins; into each of these grooved frames
I slide a strip of glass, and I have a vertical lever, to which I connect each of
the grooved frames or holders, so that when the said vertical lever is pulled
down it opens all the slides or plates of glass at the same time, and when the
lever is released, they close by means of a spring of india-rubber or other
elastic material.
The action of this apparatus is similar to the action of Venetian blinds, so
that a person sitting at the desk or table will have the means of opening
or closing the ventilator at pleasure, and also of adjusting them to any size of
aperture that may be required for ventilation.
The construction and arrangement of this apparatus will be clearly

page_text: understood by reference to the accompanying outline Drawing, in which I
shew two ways of working the slides, one to cause them all to open the same
way and the other reverse ways. In the said Drawing, Fig. 1 is a section,
and Fig. 2 a front view, of one arrangement; and Fig. 3 a section of another
mode of placing and moving the plates or bars.
In Figs. 1 and 2, a is the main frame; 6 are grooved frames or holders,
working upon centres fixed to the main frame; c are the plates of glass fitting
the holders, which are attached to a rod d, connected at the top to a spring e,
fixed at any convenient position, and at f to the cord g, which is placed so as
to be operated upon with facility.
In Fig. 2, a is the main frame; b, the holders, tho centres of which are
placed at the top and bottom of the frame a, so as to place the plates when
open in a more desirable position. Each holder has an arm c; they are
connected by a rod or cord d, moving simultaneously when acted upon, and
either opening the plates, as shewn in the Drawing, or shut by means of the
spring e, mado either of india-rubber or metal.
AN INK SELF-SUPPLYING PEN- HOLDER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Jarvis Worssam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1857.
I, GEORGE JARVIS WORSSAM, of No. 3, Oakeley Crescent, City Road,
London, in the Parish of St. Luke's, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN INK SELF-SUPPLYING PEN-
HOLDER," to be as follows:-
A cylinder or reserve to contain ink; a tube or conductor screwed to cylinder
to convey the ink to the pen; a valve or regulator to regulate or shut off the
ink in tube or conductor, also attached to a plate with a spiral spring; a cap
screwed on end of cylinder and connected to valve or regulator, with plate and
spiral spring for admission of air in cylinder, and also to regulate and shut off
the ink in tube or conductor; an ordinary pen with shield to protect it. The
above-named to be made of any kind of material.

page_text: A Tube or Conductor screwed to Cylinder.
to convey the Ink to the Pen G.
A Valve or Regulator to shut off the Ink
in Tube or Conductor B also attached
to Plate E with spiral spring F
A
cap
screwed to Cylinder A for admision
of air in Cylinder A.
A Plate attached to Cap D for opening
and shutting Vatre C.
A Spiral spring for holding down valve C.
An ordinary metal Pen.
A Shield to protect the Pen.
AN IMPROVED SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Duncan and
William John Jellicorse at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th October 1857.
We, GEORGE DUNCAN and WILLIAM JOHN JELLICORSE, trading as Co-
partners, Printing Machine Manufacturers and Engineers, of Lichfield Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACE," to be as follows
(that is to say):-
The peculiarities of our Invention will be understood by the following
description:-At the back of the fire we construct a bridge, over which the
flame and smoke passes. Behind the bridge we form a somewhat large air
chamber and dust receiver, from which the smoke and flame passes to a flue;
and which flue, a little beyond its mouth, we divide into two, the one
descending, and the other ascending, the descending one being made to take a
circuitous course before again emerging into the ascending flue, and at this
point the smoke is consumed, for, inasmuch as the flame and heated air pass
away through the upper flue, the smoke is impelled forward through the lower
one, and coming in contact in a side or opposite direction with the flame
complete combustion is there produced; so that after the necessary heat is got
up the application of additional coal or act of raking the fire makes not the
slightest difference, as the whole of the smoke that passes over the bridge is
consumed at the junction of the flues, rendering high stacks in many instances
entirely unnecessary. We sometimes use a valve or damper for regulating
the amount of heat that may be required.
FURTHER UTILISING THE ILLUMINATING PROPERTIES OF GAS BY IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS AND SHADES OR REFLECTORS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Footman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 23rd February
1857.
I, WILLIAM FOOTMAN, of No. 24, Rodney Street, Pentonville, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "FURTHER UTILISING THE
ILLUMINATING PROPERTIES OF GAS BY IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS AND SHADES OR
REFLECTORS," to be as follows:-
1st, improving the bats-wing burner by cutting or forming the slit of a
conical or slightly-wedge form, or other form than a mero straight sawn slit,
and smoothing, grinding, or polishing the surface of the slit, so as to produce
a more even or desirable form of flame, and more perfect combustion.
2nd, adapting shades thereto mado with the following improvements,
with a long narrow opening at the top thereof in lieu of a large round hole, as
heretofore, setting or fixing the shade in a proper position, with respect to
the long narrow opening and the flame of the burner, by screwing the frame
down to a shoulder formed on the elbow or straight pipe, so that the flame
burns lengthwise under or in the narrow opening of the shade, turning over
a rim, or ear pieces, or lap of the frame to keep the paper or other reflecting

page_text: material in its position on the frame, and prevent its being thrust over and
injured by the flame; such shades or reflectors being applicable to other
burners or lamps having a flat flame, and may be made ornamental by
scolloped edges, tinted or embossed, or gilt paper, &c.
AN APPARATUS FOR REGIS- TERING THE PHASES AND AGE OF THE MOON
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Richard Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1857.
I, NATHANIEL RICHARD HALL, of Northfleet, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR REGIS-
TERING THE PHASES AND AGE OF THE MOON," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention which has reference to an apparatus for indicating daily the
phases, or changes and age of the moon, consists of a suitable case, in the
base of which an escapement wheel formed with thirty teeth mounted hori-
zontally upon a vertical spindle, so as to be readily acted upon through the
medium of a thumb stud movement, is caused to revolve in connection with a
ball or globe representing the moon upon its hemisphere, and the age thereof
upon a horizontal disc or dial in such manner as to require one tooth to be
advanced correspondingly to the day and order set out upon the dial, each
successive change being made during the day until the end of the month, when
the apparatus will require readjusting for the ensuing month.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed wun the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Glover at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1857.
I, WILLIAM GLOVER, of the City of Manchester, Composer of Music, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
In looms for weaving of the usual construction, it is well known that the
shuttle containing the weft is thrown across the shed of the warp and beaten
up into the cloth by a reed placed in a horizontal direction.
The main feature of novelty in my Invention consists in the application of
a circular revolving warp, and of a stationary shuttle or other instrument
containing the weft; the reeds are made in four or other convenient number
of parts or segments of circles, and a corresponding number of sets of healds
are employed for opening and closing the shed. The requisite motion may be
given to the reeds by attaching them to levers, which (in revolving) are pressed
against fixed rollers at one end of the loom. The healds may be attached
to curved levers, which (in revolving) are pressed against a shooting roller
or bolt at or near the top of the loom. This shooting roller alternately is
brought in contact with the different healds. The taking-up rollers may be
turned gradually round to wind up the fabric woven, by a ratchet wheel

page_text: and by a worm and wheel, or other equivalent means; or, the cloth and yarn
beams may be connected together by a cogged chain or strap, with holes
working on small spokes of a wheel, thus diminishing or removing the
necessity for heavy weights.
I wish to remark that an oscillating, instead of or in addition to the rotary
motion, may be given to the warp, and that by gradually reducing the circle
and the reeds a balloon form may be woven.
A double working form may be used by double shooting rollers or bolts
acting upon the healds twice in the circle, and a shuttle box or receptacle at
each side of the four sections of the circle.
THE MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL SEPARATION OF SOLIDS FROM FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
I went was not given within the time prescribed
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis Jullion at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1857.
I, JOHN LOUIS JULLION, of Foots Cray, in the County of Kent, Analytical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL SEPARATION OF SOLIDS FROM FLUIDS," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to certain methods by which substances held in
mechanical suspension or chemically dissolved may be advantageously removed
from the fluids containing the same, so that the said substances or fluids may
be employed either separately or conjointly with other matters for various useful
purposes. This I accomplish in the case of substances held in mechanical
suspension by a self-discharging or travelling filter, consisting of two endless
bands of cloth travelling on or with grooved surfaces or on a surface of rollers
placed so as to receive the pressure; in either case I force the liquid between
the cloth by means of pumps or otherwise. When the substances to be
removed are partly in suspension and partly in solution I apply to the
interior surface of the cloth a coating of such chemicals as will reduce the
dissolved substances into an insoluble state; and when the substances to be

page_text: removed are entirely in a state of solution I either coat the interior surface of
the cloth sufficiently thick with chemicals to reduce the matter to an insoluble
state, or pack the chemicals in bags in a fixed position and then pass the
solution or gas through them..
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welcome Roys at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1857.
I, THOMAS WELCOME ROYS, of Southampton, in the State of New York, in
the United States of America, Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in forming a chamber in the breach of the piece
for the purpose of inserting any elastic, semi-elastic, or yielding body or
bodies, or a combination of elastic and semi-elastic material or materials,
or a combination of elastic and yielding substances, such as cork, india-rubber,
wood, or other elastic, semi-elastic, or compressible bodies, for the purpose of
receiving the first effect of the explosion, which causes recoil. It is proposed
to so construct the fire-arms to which this Invention is applied that the
elastic, semi-elastic, or compressible material, or combination of materials, may
be renewed at each discharge, or as often as required; and it is prefered to
place a metal cap, shield, or a chambered cup for the reception of the pro-
jecting charge of gunpowder (or gun cotton) on the front of the packing,
which will recede as the material or materials in the rear yield to the
concussion of the explosion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING PEAT, MIXED OR NOT MIXED WITH OTHER VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
not given
prescrived
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Shand Hemming at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st March 1857.
I, FREDERICK SHAND HEMMING, of Westminster, County of Middlesex,
Mining Agent and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING PEAT, MIXED OR NOT
MIXED WITH OTHER VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:--
I prepare my peat by triturating it well, and, when necessary, which is but
seldom, I remove by washing or otherwise the earthy matters. I then mix it
with a quantity of other fibrous materials so as to increase its fibrous texture.
In some cases this is not required, but, generally, it is highly advantageous
to do so. I then mix it well with a combination of oil, resin, tar, india-
rubber, and gutta percha, one, all, or any of them in various proportions,
resembling in some degree the constitution, and possessing the properties of
"marine glue." This mixture I prefer to add at a high temperature. The
effect of it is to produce a viscous tough mass, which, being put into moulds
prepared according to the form of the article to be made, is subjected to
bydraulic or other great pressure, and allowed gradually to cool. I propose
to render it also non-flammable by impregnating the mass with any of the
metallic salts known to possess that property. I propose to make use of the

page_text: peat, prepared in this way, for manufacturing articles which are now made of
fibrous materials,-papier maché, wood, metal, or stone, such as slabs, roofing
of all kinds, flooring, and to building purposes generally, blocks and paving
for streets, railway chairs and sleepers, coffins, casks, utensils, and other
similar articles.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Till and William Gardiner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th July 1857.
We, THOMAS TILL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist,
and WILLIAM GARDINER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the method herein-after described of preventing
collisions on railways, by causing a locomotive or carriage so to act upon the
apparatus employed as to arrest the motion of a locomotive or carriage
approaching within any given distance of the first-mentioned locomotive or
carriage.
We place a series of levers along the line of railway at a quarter of a milo
or other suitable distance apart. The said levers are connected together
alternately, by wire or otherwise, that is to say, the first is connected with
the third, the second with the fourth, and so on. When a locomotive or
carriage passes over one of the levers, it moves the said lever into and leaves
it in such a position that a locomotive or carriage is stopped or arrested
thereby on coming to that part of the line where the said lever is situated;
but when the first locomotive has arrived at the third lever, in raising the
said third lever it causes the first lever connected with the third to be
depressed, so that a carriage or locomotive may pass the first lever without

page_text: interruption. By the arrangement described, a locomotive or carriage passing
along the railway first raises the levers, which said lovers will arrest or retard
any carriage approaching them; and the said locomotive or carriage, when it
has arrived at a given distance in advance of any particular lever, causes its
depression, and permits of the approach of a second locomotive or carriage
within the arranged distance. The method of making the levers act upon a
locomotive or carriage must vary according to the construction of the loco-
motive or carriage, and according to the nature of the action which it is
desired to exert; but we do not think it necessary here to describe these
details as they may be varied without departing from the nature of our said
Invention. The levers may so act upon the locomotive as to shut off the
steam, sound the steam whistle, or act upon the break. Our Invention is
applicable to crossings and siding points as well as to the main line of
railway.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Cooper, Thomas Wood
Heaton, and Thomas Lee Langshaw at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st January 1857.
We, DANIEL COOPER and THOMAS WOOD HEATON, both of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Ironmongers, and TшомAS LEE LANGSHAW, of Salford,
in the same County, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a novel disposition and arrangement of a rotating
fan or vane for the purposes of ventilation. The fan is constructed of a series
of vanes placed at suitable angles of inclination, to allow of the exit of the
heated foul-air, steam, vapor, &c., and is mounted upon and attached to a
vertical spindle, the bearing point of which supported in a glass or other anti-
friction step-piece, the whole being enclosed and revolving within a cylinder
casing, the upper part (or that next to or in communication with the outside of
the building) being open; and the bottom of the casing may either be covered
with a perforated plate or grid, or the aperture may be opened or closed by a
plate. The apparatus is placed in the ceiling of an apartment, or roof of a
building, and the heated air and other noxious gases and vapours rising to the
upper part of the apartment will pass away by means of the revolution the
vane or fan; cold air being supplied from below, an effective ventilation will be
niaintained.
A SMOKE- CONSUMING GRATE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fredéric Vasserot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1857. A communication from Messieurs Dalmatius de Luzy
and Hector Grand de Chateauneuf, of Paris, France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SMOKE-
CONSUMING GRATE," a communication from Messieurs Dalmatius de Luzy and
Hector Grand de Chateauneuf, of Paris, France, to be as follows, and
consist of two large tubes, in the side of which a set of pipes are adjusted
and form the grate. Those two tubes are connected with the boiler tubes
and the boiler at the height of the lowest level of its water. The grate
and the boiler tubes are inclined so as to allow the flames to pass in the
direction of the gallery formed underneath the boiler. The grate is fixed above
the said gallery so that the draft be made downwards upon it. The whole is
fixed on a frame made of bricks, which forms the fire-place and the ash-pit.
Openings are made on the four sides of the grate for the admission of the
atmospheric air. The grate is closed by means of a door placed above it, which
is opened for the introduction of the fuel by means of a chain and counterpoise.
With this arrangement the introduction of a great volume of air into the
fire-place becomes advantageous. The combustion of the coal, which hitherto
took place at the upper part, descends now; the air arrives on the coal where
it begins to burn, and the gases are ignited at the instant they are formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATED CLOCKS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR LIGHTING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edmund Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
July 1857.
J, JOHN EDMUND GARDNER, of the firm of II. and J. E. Gardner, of 453,
Strand, Middlesex, Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATED CLOCKS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR LIGHTING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in forming the dials of illuminated clocks of a
simi-opaque glass, known commercially as Patent enamelled flatted flint
glass.
Secondly, in regulating the gas supplied to the burners of illuminated
clocks by micans of an ordinary dry regulator, constructed with a cover which
serves to receive any gas which may escape, and with a pipe for conveying
such gas to the exterior of the building in which the gas is used.
Thirdly, in measuring the gas supplied to such burners by means of dry
meters, in which the valves are moved by a drawing or pulling action only,
and in which the diaphragms are carried by a moveable arm or spindle so
centred that the flexible materials which connect the valves with the sides of
the meters may with certainty be spread to their full extent, in order that the
gas consumed may be measured with greater accuracy than heretofore.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robertson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1857.
I, JAMES ROBERTSON, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of furnaces for
steam boilers and for other purposes in such manner as to economise the fuel
consumed therein, and at the same time effect the better combustion of the
gaseous matters evolved from the fuel, and thus prevent or mitigate the
discharge of smoke.
In furnaces constructed according to this Invention a low bridge is built in
at the inner or back termination of the furnace bars, and at some distance
beyond this bridge there is a second and higher bridge, contrived for the
purpose of deflecting or throwing up the heated current well in contact with
the bottom of the boiler above. The lower portion of the space between the
two bridges is built up with brickwork, and through this solid structure an
inclined air duct or thoroughfare is carried upwards from the back end of the
furnace bars and beneath their level; this passage thus opens up an air
passage between the ash-pit and a long transverse air passage formed

page_text: between the back edge of a large horizontal slab of fire-clay or hot plate and
the front of the back bridge; this slab or hot plate is laid upon the brick
structure between the bridges, forming the top of it; and there is also a hori-
zontal passage directly beneath it, to allow heated currents to pass in beneath
it directly from the top of the grate bars, and thus meet the entering air from
the ash-pit at the upper discharge end of the inclined air duct. The effect of
this arrangement is that the air supplied from the ash-pit becomes highly
heated, and mingling with the unconsumed gases from the furnace as they
pass over the low bridge, effectual combustion is secured as they pass over
the high bridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gilmour at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1857.
I, WILLIAM GILMOUR, of Dalbeth, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to the obtainment of a continuously acting motive
power, by means of weights operating upon combinations of levers or parts
acting on the lever principle. It may be carried out under various practical
forms, but under one of its simplest modifications the apparatus mainly
consists of a pair of long parrallel horizontal levers of the first order, each
set upon a fulcrum near one end, whilst to the other and longer end there is
hung a weight of a certain predetermined size. The descent of this weight,
when the apparatus is in motion, obviously elevates the opposite shorter arm
of the lever, and this end is connected to a short crank upon a small horizontal
shaft, which shaft has upon its opposite end a longer crank.
The pin of this longer crank is jointed by a suitable link to the longer arm
of another lever of half of the length of the main lever. This lever is also of
the first order, and its shorter arm is linked to one end of an equal armed
lever, the opposite end of which lever is connected by a rod to a crank upon a
long horizontal transverse shaft. This long shaft has upon it three other
cranks; the second of these cranks is linked to the longer arm of another

page_text: lever, to which is hung a weighted lever one half that of the weight on the
main lever. The other shorter end of this lever is linked to one end of an
equal armed lever, the opposite end of which is linked to a crank on a
secondary horizontal transverse shaft. This shaft has also four cranks upon
it, and the external one next to that last referred to is linked to the weighted
end of the main horizontal lever.
The remaining two cranks on the main horizontal four-cranked shaft,
operate in a precisely similar manner upon an exactly corresponding series of
parts in connection with the other main horizontal lever; in other words, the
arrangement comprehends two main horizontal weighted levers, working in
combination through the intervention of precisely similar parts, the entire
apparatus comprising four acting weights, the two on the main levers being
twice the weight of the other two.
The result of this combination is, that as the two main weighted levers
descend, they alternately elevate the other lighter weights, which lighter
weights in turn descending, operate by means of their lever connections so as
to again raise the main weighted levers, and thus cause the main horizontal
crank shaft continuously to revolve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF LETTING ON AND DRAWING OFF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Westbrooke Squires at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th March 1857.
J, WILLIAM WESTBROOKE SQUIRES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF LETTING ON AND DRAWING OFF WATER AND
OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
upon the Invention specified under
Parts of these improvements con-
slides, by which the passage of the
This Invention consists in improvements
my Letters Patent, No. 132, A.D. 1856.
sist in the construction of plugs, valves, or
water or fluid through pipes used for conveying the water or fluid can be
prevented, and at the same time air be admitted into the pipes, by which
means the water or fluid can be completely drawn off.
Other parts of these improvements are the constructions of stop-cocks or
taps, which, while the supply of water or fluid is cut off, will allow the pipes to
be emptied of their contents.
Another of my improvements is the use of a self-acting valve for the
admission of air into the pipes used for conveying water or fluids.
And, lastly, when in consequence of my other improvements not having
been adopted, the formation of ice has taken place within the pipes for
conveying water or fluids, one of my improvements consists in liquifying the
ice, and thus allowing the pipe to be emptied.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN BRACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters. Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Houghton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1857.
I, JAMES HOUGHTON, of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex, Watch
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN BRACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a compensating brace by connecting
the ends which pass over the shoulder to the back, through a cord or connecting
piece to a frame carrying two pulleys, half round one of which the cord passes.
Round the other pulley another cord or connecting piece, the ends of which
are united to the two back tabs, is passed. The frame and pulleys allow of full
play to every part of the brace. Instead of pulleys, a simple piece of leather
with the two ends turned over, so as to form channels for the connecting pieces
to run in may be substituted, but greater advantage will be obtained from the
frame and pulleys.