VENTING VESSELS CONTAINING MILK OR OTHER LIQUIDS LIABLE TO PUTREFACTION
Year: 1884

page_text: I, DAVID CALDWELL M'VAIL; of 3 St James' Terrace Hillhead, Glasgow;
Bachelor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for VENTING
VESSELS CONTAINING MILK OR OTHER LIQUIDS LIABLE TO PUTREFACTION to be as
follows:-
When fluid is withdrawn from a vessel air necessarily takes its place. My
invention essentially consists in so constructing a vessel, or in so adapting vessels
already constructed, that the air before entering shall be filtered from all fine dust
and organic particles and germs, by being passed through finely porous material.
The vessel at its lowest part has an escape opening or openings for the withdrawal
of fluid; each being fitted with a suitable tap or plug.
At the highest part of the vessel are one or more openings for filling it with fluid,
and for the escape of air thus displaced; which openings are fitted with suitable
taps or plugs.
When the vessel has been filled with fluid, the opening or openings at the top
of the vessel are closed, by the tap or plug, and to each of the openings is then
adapted a short tube containing finely porous material.
When fluid is to be withdrawn, the tap at the bottom of the vessel is opened to
let the fluid out; and one or more of the taps at the top of the vessel, protected by
porous material as described are opened to let air in; and the air is filtered by the
porous material from all dust, minute organisms and spores.
For cleansing the vessel there is an opening at the upper part of it, of sufficient
size to admit the hand and arm. This opening is closed by a tightly fitting lid or
plug; and when the lid or plug has been applied to close the opening, the joint is
to be protected by. having several times wound round it a strip of close-fibred
cloth, so that any air entering by any crevice in the joint as fluid is being with-
drawn, shall be as thoroughly filtered as that which enters by the protected taps as
already described.

page_text: The vessel is constructed of material that is not easily injured, and that will
allow the vessel—after it has been washed, and has had the plug or lid applied and
protected by the cloth wound around the joint, and the taps closed, and those at
the top protected by the tubes with their porous contents,-to be subjected to such
heat as will destroy all living organisms or germs. The taps are to remain closed
until the moment of filling.
In the case of milk the vessel should be filled if possible direct from the cow,
either in the open air, or in a shed the air of which has been carefully
disinfected.
In the case of any other fluid the filling should take place in an atmosphere as
pure as possible or that has been disinfected.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
1 DAVID CALDWELL M'VAIL of 3 St James' Terrace, Hillhead, Glasgow ;
Bachelor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTING VESSELS CONTAINING MILK OR OTHER LIQUIDS
LIABLE TO PUTREFACTION and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
When fluid is withdrawn from a vessel air necessarily takes it's place. My
invention essentially consists in so constructing a vessel that in the process of
filling the air before entering shall be filtered from all fine dust and organic
particles and germs by being passed through finely porous sterilised material.
The accompanying diagrams illustrate a vessel constructed in accordance with the
requirement just stated.
There are four separate parts in this arrangement-the containing part of the
vessel I, the plug II, tho air-filtering tube III, and the cap IV.
The containing part of the vessel I which may be of any size has at the bottom
one or more exit taps A. by which fluid is run off. At it's upper part is a neck B.
that terminates by a rim C. This neck is sufficiently wide to allow of the vessel
being thoroughly cleansed. Into this neck is fitted the plug II.
The plug II descends within the neck until the phlange E. comes against and
rests on the rim C. In the plug are two openings F and G. The opening F is
prolonged upwards by the tube H which terminates by a free opening, and at it's
free end the tube is surrounded by several threads of a scrow, for the attachment
of the air-filtering tube 1II. The opening G is continued upwards by a tube I
that becomes funnel-shaped the rim of the funnel being at a slightly higher level
than the margin of H, and at a distinctly lower level than the junction where the
phlange E. of the plug rests on the rim Č of the vessel. The tube H is fitted with
a tap K. and the tube I with a tap K. To the handle of the tap K¹ is attached an
arm of such length and form that the tap can be open only when the cap IV is not
applied in position. To the free end of the tube H. is attached by means of screw
threads the air-filtering tube III.
The air-filtering tube III has two taps L L', one being placed near each end of
the tube. In the tube between the taps is a space to contain a portion of close
porous material through which air if passed would be filtered from all minute
particles whether organic or inorganic.
The cap IV has a plate M which covers the open mouth of the plug II and
through an opening in the plate, so much of the air-filtering tube III projects, as
allows the tap L' to be opened or closed at will, when the cap has been applied.
The taps L and K K' are beneath the cap, and K₁ when the cap is on cannot
possibly be open on account of the long arm attached to it, spoken of above. The
plate Mat it's margin all round is continued downwards perpendicularly for at least
an inch below the junction of E and C, so as to protect this junction. When
applied, the cap may be maintained in position by lock & key.
The vessel is prepared for filling in the following manner.
The cap is removed. The air filtering tube is unscrewed from H, and it's
taps L. Li are closed. The pluo is removed from the mouth of the containing

page_text: bitored from it..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner-the-same_is_to_be_performed I declare that what
I claim is
That this method of venting vessels for the storage, conveyance, and distribution 30
of milk or other liquids liable to putrefaction, whereby air entering the vessel as
fluid is withdrawn, is filtered through sterilised porous material, is in its application
to commerce entirely new, to the best of iny belief.
P
r
1000