An Improved Machine for Scouring, Clatting, Grinding, and Polishing Combs of every description, and other Articles of Horn or analogous Material.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 30th Sept., 1893—Accepted, 16th 'ec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Machine for Scouring, Clatting, Grinding, and
Polishing Combs of every description, and other Articles of Horn
or analogous Material.
I, JAMES BISSET Junior, of 381 George Street, in the City of Aberdeen, in the
County of Aberdeen, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention which relates to an improved machine for scouring, clatting,
grinding, and polishing combs of every description and other articles of horn or
analogous material has for its object to effect the said operations by apparatus
acting automatically and so dispense with the usual hand labour and operate on the
articles in a much more expeditious and superior manner than has hitherto been
performed by hand or machine.
In carrying out my said invention I employ an ordinary pair of buffs, mounted
on horizontal axis, the one above the other and carried on suitable bearings,
provided in a swinging frame. The said swinging frame is hung on a horizontal
shaft, supported from the roof by two suitable hangers or brackets. The frame is
extended from the shaft vertically towards the floor so that the part on the frame
where the peripheries of the buffs meet, shall be five feet more or less from the
centre of the horizontal shaft, on which the frame is hung.
On the horizontal shaft on which the frame swings, I fit a socket carrying two
pullies of suitable size, one of which is driven by the main shaft and the other
drives the buffs by means of suitable belt and pullies fitted on the spindles on which
the buffs are mounted.
The said socket revolves on the horizontal shaft at a speed of about two
hundred revolutions per minute, the shaft itself revolves inside the socket and in
the same direction at about a speed of thirty revolutions per minute and is driven
by pullies and belt from the main shaft.
Near each end of the horizontal shaft and within the hangers, which support it I
fit discs of unequal thickness or "swash plates" having the throws set opposite the
sides of the said discs, bear on adjustable friction rollers fitted into the hangers which
support the shaft, so that, at every revolution of the shaft it shall in consequence of
the "swash-plates" bearing on the friction rollers be caused to move backwards and
forwards end ways about an inch and a half or other suitable distance and thereby
cause the frame carrying the buffs to move along with it.
The swinging frame is also caused to move backwards and forwards on its axis
i.e. at right angles to the said horizontal shaft, by means of a suitable cam bearing
on a friction roller fitted on the frame at the level of the junction of the peripheries
of the buffs. The cam is fitted on a horizontal shaft, supported by two brackets at
the back of the swinging frame and is driven by belt and pulley from the first
described horizontal shaft, or otherwise at a speed of ten revolutions per minute, or
any other suitable speed.
When the swinging frame is caused to move forwards by the revolutions of the
cam, which would be a distance of about four inches, it is returned or kept bearing
on the cam, by means of balance weights attached to the swinging frame by means
of chains or cords and hung over grooved pullies fitted on the brackets which
support the shaft on which the cam is fitted.
In front of the swinging frame, at a suitable distance, I provide a revolving
disc, fitted on a socket, which turns on a vertical stud or pivot, fitted into the
top of a suitable bracket, which is bolted to the floor. On the top side of the
disc and on a level with the junction of the peripheries of the buffs I mount

page_text: two or more clamps or holders in which the comb or other article is held while
it is being operated on by the buffs. While the comb or other article held in one
of the clamps is turned in line with, and in contact with the buffs, the other clamp
or clamps are removed from the buffs, and are being supplied with combs or other
articles to be carried round by means of the revolving disc into contact with the
buffs, to be operated. on. The combs or other articles are moved from the clamps
after being operated on and replaced by other combs or other articles which are
again, in turn brought into contact with the buffs, by means of the revolving disc.
The combs or other articles are held in the clamps by means of suitable springs
which act between the clamps and are removed from the clamps by means of an
eccentric or cam fitted in a bracket on the vertical stud, which carries the revolving
disc, when the said eccentric or cam is made to bear on the top part of the clamps,
the springs between the clamps are depressed and the articles are removed and
replaced by others, the said eccentric, or cam may be operated by the hand of the
attendant, or it may be operated automatically.
The disc on which the clamp are fitted is caused to revolve intermittently, through
the medium of an arrangement connected to the swinging frame so that when the
'swinging frame is making its return stroke towards the cam which pushed it forward
a pawl is caused to come in gear with a toothed pinion fitted on a socket which
revolves on a stud or pivot cast on, or attached to the bracket which carries the
revolving disc, on the same socket on which the pinion is fitted, on which the pawi
acts, there is fitted a toothed wheel twice the size of the toothed pinion; this wheel
is in gear with a toothed pinion fitted on the socket which carries the revolving disc
and underneath the disc, so that by the return stroke of the swinging frame towards
the cam which pushes it forward, the toothed pinion on which the pawl acts is
caused to make one fourth of a revolution or other part of a revolution which may be
'suitable.
The revolving disc always in consequence of the gearing revolves twice the
distance, so that when the pawl moves the pinion on which it acts one fourth of a
revolution, the revolving disc makes one half revolution thus removing one set of
clamps from between the peripheries of the buffs, and turning the other set or sets
of clamps into contact with the buffs.
Dated this 29th day of December 1892.
J. Y. JOHNSON,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Petitioner's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Machine for Scouring, Clatting, Grinding, and
Polishing Combs of every description, and other Articles of Horn
or analogous Material.
I, JAMES BISSET Junior of 381, George Street, in the City and County of
Aberdeen, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention which relates to improvements in scouring, clatting, grinding and
polishing combs of every description and other articles of horn, rubber or analogous
material; has for its object to effect by machinery what has hitherto been done by
hand; said operations also being performed in a more efficient manner.
But in order that my said invention may be more readily understood and easily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the
accompanying sheets of drawings.
"
Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2 is a front elevation and
respectively of my said improved machine.
Figure 3, is a side elevation
Referring to the said drawings I employ a cast iron or other soleplate A, on to
which mount a pedestal or standard B having a stud or pivot C suitably

page_text: secured to its top side in such a manner as to enable a disc or revolving table D
to be partially or intermittently revolved around the said pivot C. This disc D
has fitted on its top side two, three or more sets of clamps, though preferably four
sets as is shown, the under portions of which are bolted or screwed to the
disc D, the other or top portions E¹ of which are jointed or hinged to the lower
portions at E'; there being a suitable spring E, fitted between said portions E
and E so as to retain the article being operated on when it has been inserted
within the said clamps, and so enable the article to be carried round by the
disc D and operated upon by the buffs as will be hereafter explained.
Behind the said revolving disc D and at a suitable level I mount a swinging
frame F; the side portions of the said frame F being provided at their top ends
with means whereby the frame may be suspended from a horizontal shaft G
which is carried by two or more hangers or brackets G'; said shaft G being
driven by means of a belt pulley arrangement G* from the main driving shaft,
at a speed of say about 30 revolutions per minute. The swinging frame F is
provided with two sets of adjustable bearings or journals H in which are mounted
the spindles of the buffs J; said journals H being adjusted, by means of the
screws and nuts h and slots f. The buffs J are driven towards each other by
means of the belt and pulley arrangement G³ the driving pulley of which is
mounted loosely on the shaft G and driven by means of a belt and pulley
arrangement G₁ from the main driving shaft, at a speed of say about. 200 revo-
lutions per minute; the tension of said belt and pulley arrangement G³, owing
to the swinging movement of the frame F, and the setting up or down of the
buffs J, being effected by means of the weighted moveable guide pulley arrange-
ment, which consists of the guide pulley 9 mounted on the one end of a pivoted
lever g', the other end of which is provided with an adjustable weight g³;
said lever g being carried by the bracket 93 which is secured to the swinging
frame F.
In order to enable the swinging frame F and its connections to be moved
end ways, that is to say, from side to side of the machine, I provide the shaft G
with two angled discs or swash plates K, which are mounted within the hangers G¹
and bear against the edges of small rollers k, fitted in the hangers G¹, in such
a manner as to cause the shaft G on being revolved to move from side to side
owing to the angles of the discs K being set opposite to each other. The swinging
frame F is mounted loosely on the shaft G and is kept in position by means of
collars 9 or their equivalent.
The swinging frame F is swung to and from the centre line of the disc D by
means of a cam arrangement, that is to say, I mount to the soleplate A, behind the
frame F two brackets or standards L, into the top ends of which is fitted a
horizontal shaft L', driven by means of the belt and pulley arrangement M from
the overhead shaft G, as shown, and at a speed of say about 12 revolutions per
minute. On this shaft L' I key or otherwise mount a suitably shaped cam N
which works against a friction roller N' which is mounted in the swinging frame F
in such a manner as to enable the frame to be moved to and from the disc D by the
said cam N; the said roller N' and cam N being always kept in gear with each
other by means of the weighted chain arrangement P, the chain of which passes
over a guide pulley p carried by one of the stationary brackets L.
The intermittent motion given to the revolving table or disc D is effected as
follows: On the end of the shaft L' I key or otherwise secure another suitably
shaped cam Q, this cam works against a small friction roller Q¹ mounted on the
depending pivotted rod or lever R, the top end r of which is pivotted to the
bracket L, while the lower end is suitably connected to the one end 8, of a
connecting rod S, the other end s¹ of which is also suitably connected to the end of
a pivotted quadrant or lever T which is mounted on a stud t carried by the small
bracket of the pedestal B; said quadrant T has mounted to its top side a pivotted
pawl T which engages with a toothed wheel T'; said wheel gearing with a toothed
pinion T which is mounted to the disc D and is preferably formed with such a

page_text: number of teeth that on, the wheel T being rotated one sixth of a revolution the
wheel T and disc D would revolve one fourth of a revolution; said movements
being effected by means of the cam Q which is kept in gear with its friction roller Q'
by means of the weighted chain arrangement U.
On the top end of the pivot C and above the disc B I mount a bracket V, to
which is pivotted a swinging double armed lever V¹, to the lower end of which is
connected a friction roller or cam V2, the top end being connected to the swinging
frame F by means of a connecting rod V³, in such a manner that every time the
frame F, is swung forward a set of clamps would be opened so as to permit of the
article operated upon being withdrawn and new articles inserted.
The whole arrangement of the machine is such, that on being started and an
article inserted in the clamps 1 of the disc, the clamps are closed on same owing to
the backward movement of the frame F during its action on the article contained
in the clamps 3; at the same time the cam Q forces back the quadrant T and
pawl T so as to leave it in such a position that on the quadrant T and pawl T¹
being operated in the reverse manner the article in clamp 3 can be taken away
from the buffs and the one in clamp 2 is brought to the buffs while that in clamp 1
is brought a step nearer to the buffs and the article operated on and contained in
clamp 4 is released so as to be withdrawn and permit of a new one being inserted
and so on.
The intermittent motion of the disc may be effected in some cases by hand power,
also the clamps may be so constructed as to retain more than one article.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1st. The general arrangement, combination and construction of the various parts
constituting my improved machine for scouring, clatting, grinding and polishing
combs or other articles of horn or analogous material substantially as hereinbefore
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2nd. The arrangement and construction of the swinging frame F or the mechanical
equivalents of the same, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In combination with the swinging frame F the belt and pulley arrangement
for driving the buffs J, substantially as herein before described and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
4th. The arrangement and construction of the revolving table or disc D, and
clamps and their connections, all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of September 1893.
J. Y. JOHNSON,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agent.
J. Y. JOHNSON,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agent.