Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
1, THOMAS OLIVER, of Dubuque, Iowa, United States of America, Mechanician,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My improvements in typewriting machines are more particularly applicable to
machines of that kind having a revolving platen or cylinder against which the
paper is held during the act of printing, which platen is mounted in an end wise
movable carriage and wherein the types are mounted on swinging type bars located
above the platen and arranged to swing on horizontal axis arranged transversely
to the platen, so that the types will strike downwardly upon the platen and the
letters printed will be constantly in view of the operator. Most of the improve-
ments constituting my invention, are, however, adapted for application to machines
of other kinds than that above mentioned.
As an improvement in the type bars of machines of the kind above referred to,
when the type bars of said machines are made of U-form and the types are
attached to the centre part or loop of the bar, I propose to make the type carrying
bars of graduated size or tapered from the pivotal points of the bars outwardly
to the type head, thereby giving the type bars graduated strength or stiffness by
which vibratory movement of the type head is prevented and better results are
secured in the operation of the type bars. I further propose to improve the
construction of such type bars by making the several type heads thereof of varying
weights, making the type heads belonging to the shorter arms heavier than those
belonging to the longer arms and thus securing by the graduated weight of the
type heads a practically equal impact or force in the blow with which the type
heads strike the paper.
In typewriting machines in which the type arms carry type heads having a
plurality of letters thereon and in which the platen is shifted or moved bodily to
bring the printing point in line with either one of the types on the type-head,
the paper carriage has been supported on a movable or shifting frame provided
with guides for the carriage and which is actuated by suitable shifting key or
keys. As an improved means for supporting such shifting frame I propose to
employ upright standards on the machine frame having pivotal or flexible con-
nection with the shifting frame, and having bearing surfaces for engaging the
machine-base, which are elongated in the direction of the swing of the arms, and
are so shaped or curved as to maintain the shifting-frame practically in the same
horizontal plane when moved or shifted to either of its several positions.
I further propose to employ in connection with such supporting standards, bearing
pieces or shoes attached to the machine base and provided with bearing recesses
in which the standards rest and by which they are held in place or confined from
lateral movement when the standards are moved or oscillated in the movements
of the shifting frame. Said standards are adapted to swing in planes perpendicular
to the direction of the motion of the paper carriage, so as to enable the shifting
frame to be moved in a direction to give lateral movement to the carriage, without
the use of other supports for the shilting frame, except such guides or guiding
devices as may be necessary to hold the frame from turning or rotating on the
said standards and for maintaining it in its normal working position, as heretofore
common in such machines. The means employed for this purpose in connection

page_text: with such oscillating standards will commonly consist of a rigid rearward projection
on the frame having at its rear end a horizontal rod which engages a guide aperture
in a standard rising from the machine frame, stops being placed upon said guide
rod to limit the back and forward movement of the shifting frame.
As an improved construction in the spacing devices or means by which the
spring propelled carriage is allowed to move forward step by step as the types act
successively on the platen, I propose to employ devices as follows:
The carriage is provided with a longitudinal toothed bar or rack, which is
engaged by means of a pinion secured to a rotating shaft, on which is mounted an
escapement wheel. The end of said shaft carrying the pinion is mounted in a
sliding block which is movable toward and from the rack, so that by the shifting
of the block the pinion-may be engaged with, and disengaged from the rack at will.
The lower end of said shaft is mounted loosely in a bearing or otherwise so
mounted as to permit the free lateral or oscillating movement of the said pinion
toward and from the rack bar. The pinion is held or pressed constantly toward
the rack bar by means of a spring which is attached to an adjacent stationary part
of the machine frame and engages the block in such manner as to carry the same
toward the rack bar. The rotation of said escapement wheel is controlled by
means of a pivoted lever which carries stiff and limber pawls to engage in alterna-
tion the teeth of the escapement wheel as the lever is oscillated. Said lever is
actuated through the medium of a space bar, which normally rests in contact with
the lower edges of the key levers.
For releasing the pinion from the rack-bar, to permit the free movement of the
carriage when desired, a swinging releasing bar is located on the carriage, adjacent
to the rack-bar and in position to engage an annular bearing surface on the pinion or
its shaft, when the releasing bar is moved toward said pinion and in a direction to
thrust or hold the latter free froin the rack-bar. Said releasing bar is actuated by
means of an end wise sliding trip rod, mounted on the carriage and acting on the
releasing bar through the medium of a bell-crank lever, one end of which is cou-
nected with the trip-rod and the other of which is adapted to act on the releasing
bar to move or oscillate the same.
As an improved construction in means for actuating the revolving platen of a
typewriting machine, I propose to employ, in connection with a platen actuating
device which turns the platen for line spacing and includes a ratchet wheel which
is acted upon by a pawl for turning the platen, a frictional connection between
the ratchet wheel and the platen shaft, so constructed that, by application of
suitable force to the platen shaft the same may be turned while the ratchet wheel
remains stationary. This construction enables the platen to be shifted for
adjusting the paper accurately to a desired position independently of the line
spacing devices. I further propose to employ, in connection with such frictional
connection between the ratchet wheel and the platen, a locking device mounted on
the carriage and adapted to engage the holding pawl of the ratchet wheel so as to
positively lick the pawl in engagement with the wheel and thus prevent any
rotation of said wheel when it is desired to turu or shit the platen by hand in the
manner above described. Such locking device for the holding pawl of the ratchet
wheel is of great advantage for use in connection with the frictional connection
between the ratchet wheel and platen; for the reason that it permits the operator
at will to shift the platen, so as to change the point at which the type strike the
same or the paper, thereby securing adjustment of the paper relatively to the type,
which cannot be obtained in the usual construction except by shifting the paper
on the platen.
As a still further improvement in the line spacing mechanism I propose to
provide automatic actuating device for the platen, so constructed that each time
the platen is moved endwise by the operator for beginning a new line the platen
will be turned or rotated automatically, a line space at a time. The device
I propose to employ for giving such lines space movement, consists of an
oscillating arm mounted on the carriage and provided with a feed lever, pivoted

page_text: to the arm and provided with a stud which acts on the teeth of the ratchet wheel
to turn the latter and the platen when the arm is swung or oscillated; and to
provide means for oscillating the arm, nonsisting of a sliding cam which moves
end wise with respect to the carriage and which acts on a pin or stud at the free
end of the feed lever, which latter is swung or moved on the arm upon the first
contact of the cam therewith, until the stud thereon engages the ratchet wheel,
after which further action of the cam moves both the feed lever and the arm to
which it is pivoted, until the platen has been turned or moved a line-space distance.
Said sliding cam is moved or shifted by contact with a stop on the machine frame,
as the carriage is moved back to its starting point by the operator. The extent
of rotation of the platen at each backward movement of the carriage is determine
by the extent of oscillatory movement of the arm, and this in turn is controlled by
means of stops which limit its backward swing after it is released from the action
of the sliding cam. To afford a variation in the stroke of the arm, one of said
stops is made movable while the other is stationary and the movable stop is
adapted to be swung out of the path of the arm to give a greater extent of throw
and to be moved into the path of the arm and thus arrest the same at a desired
point to give a shorter or lesser throw; the stops being arranged at a proper
distance apart to give half or full space for a line, as desired. Such movable stop
I prefer to make in the form of a swinging arm or lever, which is pivoted to the
carriage, and the free end of which is adapted for engagement with the swinging
arm by which the platen is actuated.
As an improvement in the paper feeding devices for typewriting machine, I
propose to employ in connection with the usual feed roll by which the paper is
held in contact with the platen, gearing connecting the shaft of said feed roll with
the platen shaft, such gearing consisting of a spur wheel on the platen shaft and a
pinion on the feed roll shaft, so arranged as to drive the feed roll positively at the
same surface speed as that of the platen, so that the paper will be fed or moved
positively by the action of opposing moving surfaces and liability of slipping
thereof or a failure to feed, which sometimes occurs when the feeding is
accomplished by frictional contact of the platen only with the paper, is entirely
avoided.
In a typewriting machine of the character herein before referred to; namely, one
in which the carriage is moved in one direction by a spring and is returned to its
starting point against the tension of the spring by hand pressure, the starting point
of the carriage is determined by means of a stop, commonly called a margiu stop,
because the position in which it is placed determines the width of the margin left
on the sheet in printing. As an improved construction such margin stop is
commonly made adjustable for varying the width of the margin of the printed
page; and as an improved construction in such an adjustable stop I propose to
make it as follows;
The stop has the form of a sliding block mounted on a transverse guide bar,
which I prefer should be also the main guide bar on which the carriage slides or
travels. In this guide bar is formed a series of holes or recesses, with either of
which a pin on the said block is adapted to engage. The block is held upon the
guide-bar by means of a U-shaped clip which embraces the guide-bar and is
pivoted to the block by means of a pivot pin inserted through the block at a point
remote from the said pin therein; so that by swinging the block on its pivot the
pin may be inserted in or released from the holes in the guide-bar. The block is
so disposed that contact of the carriage therewith or pressure of the carriage
thereon when it comes in contact with the same, tends to swing the block in a
direction to force the pin into the hole of the guide-bar, with which it may be
engaged, so that the block will remain normally interlocked with the guide-bar and
contact of the carriage therewith will have no tendency to dislodge it but will tend
to hold it more firmly in its locked position. The stop may, however, be easily
and quickly shifted on the bar for adjustment by swinging its end which contains
the said pin outwardly, and then sliding the lock along the bar until in position for

page_text: the engagement of the pin with another one of the holes in the bar. A spring
attached to the block and acting on the bar, serves to hold the block in its locked
position and to prevent accidental disconnection of the pin from the hole in which
it may be inserted.
The sliding cam hereinbefore referred to as a means of actunting the platen, is
operated as before stated by contact with the stationary part of the machine frame
when the carriage is moved backwardly to its starting point; and as a preferable
construction of the parts, the cam is provided with an endwise sliding rod, attached
to the cam and arranged to strike at its end against the margin stop itself, so that
in the backward movement of the carriage the said cam will first he moved or
shifted by contact with the margin stop and the carriage finally stopped by means
of a suitable stop which limits the sliding movement of the cam on the carriage.
The purpose of this construction is to afford a simple and convenient means for
throwing the line spacing devices out of action when desired, and this is afforded
by making that part of the margin stop against which the cam acts or strikes
movable into and out of the path of the part of the cam which strikes the same.
As an improved means of constructing these parts in detail, I propose to provide
the margin stop with a pivoted or swinging plate provided with a 'hand lever and
so weighted that it will normally stand in position for contact of the cam therewith.
By the application of the hand to the said swinging plate or lever, it may be
swung out of the path of the cam and there held at the time the carriage is
thrown backward, thereby preventing any action of the live spacing devices at
such time.
In typewriting machines of that class in which the types are arranged to strike
downwardly upon the platen, so that the paper may be exposed to view constantly
during the progress of the writing, it is necessary, where an inking ribbon is used,
that guides should be provided for the ribbon adjacent to the printing point, which
guides are movable so as to hold the ribbon adjacent to the paper at the time the
impression is made, but to throw or lift the same away from the paper and thus
render it visible after each letter is printed. As an improved ribbon throw, or
device for so guiding and actuating the ribbon, I propose to employ a construction
as follows:
Pivoted to the rigid supporting arms which are attached to the machine frame
and which extend to points over the platen, is a rock-shaft arranged parallel with
and above the platen and carrying two depending arins, to the lower ends of which
are attached two ribbon guides or loops, one of which is arranged at either side of
the printing point, said loops being arranged horizontally and beneath the pivotal
axis about which they swing. Said rock-shaft is connected by means of a rigid
arm to a suitable connecting rod with a swinging frame, which is actuated by all
of the key levers of the machine, so that the rock-shaft is moved and the ribbon
guides oscillated each time an impression is made; the loops standing normally
remote from the platen and being swung into position adjacent to or over the same
at the time the keys are depressed. The pivotal axis of the loops or guides is so
arranged with respect to the same and to the platen, that the loops stand normally
in a position forward of the platen or at the side of their pivotal axis adjacent to
the operator, and in an inclined or oblique position so that the ribbon stands
edgewise to the line of vision as the operator looks toward the platen on which the
paper rests. By this arrangement of the ribbon guides the ribbon is held in such
position as to avoid obstruction to the vision at all times, except when the
impression is being made, while at the same time a very short or slight movement
of the ribbon is required to bring it into its operative position.
As an improved ribbon feeding device adapted for use in connection with
typewriting machines having two ribbon spoola upon which the ribbon is wound in
alternation by power applied first to one spool and then to the other, devices are
provided as follows:
Each spoel is provided with a gear wheel attached to one end of the same and
which intermeshes with a pinion mounted on a shaft which is driven from one of

page_text: the operative parts of the machine through a suitably arranged ratchet connection.
Each of said shafts is mounted at its end adjacent to the spool in a double or
duplex bearing consisting of two bearing notches or apertures, in either of which
the shaft may be placed, and over both of which is placed a single, spring-actuated
retaining arm or bar, which serves to close the openings of both notches and to
retain the shaft in either one of the notches in which it may be located. One of
the notches or bearing apertures is located in position to hold the shaft engaged
with the gear wheel on the spool, while the other holds it in position free there-
from. The retaining bar referred to, being held by spring pressure only, the
shaft may be easily shifted from one notch to the other by merely pulling it
outward against the pressure of the retaining bar and then moving or sliding it
along said bar until opposite the other notch and inserting it in the same; the
spring retaining bar returning to its normal position as soon as the shaft is released.
Both of the shafts being arranged as described, they may be shifted at once by
the hand, so as to release the engaged one and engage the previously disengaged
one and thus bring either spool into actuating connection with the operating
devices as desired.
As an improved construction in ribbon spools consisting of a central barrel and
two sides or ends, I propose to make the barrel part of the spool of a piece of sheet
metal having parallel sides provided with outwardly extending projections adapted for
insertion through suitable annularly arranged perforations in the heads, so that when
the said strip or piece of metal is bent into the form of a cylinder the said prongs
may be inserted through said apertures and thus bent down against the outer
surface of the heads so as to rigidly hold the same upon the barrel. To provide
means for fastening the end of the ribbon to such a barrel so made of a strip of
sheet metal, I propose to provide said strip at one end with a pointed or V-shaped
projection arranged to stand opposite an opening or notch cut in the opposite end
of a strip and forming a free projection or spur over which the end of the ribbon
may be hooked or on which it may be caught and the end of the spur thereafter
bent down so as to permanently hold the ribbon against detachment when
completely unwound from the barrel.
Dated this 7th day of January 1896
HOMAS OLIVER.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
1, THOMAS OLIVER, of Dubuque, Iowa, United States of America, Mechanician
do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following
statement:-
My improvements in typewriting machines are more particularly applicable to
machines of that kind having a revolving platen or cylinder against which the
paper is held during the act of printing, which platen is mounted in an endwise
movable carriage and wherein the types are mounted on swinging type bars located
above the platen and arranged to swing on horizontal axis arranged transversely to
the platen, so that the types will strike downwardly upon the platen and the letters
printed will be constantly in view of the operator. Most of the improvements
constituting my invention, are, however, adapted for application to machines of
other kinds than that above mentioned.
As an improvement in the type-bars of machines of the kind above referred to,
when the type-bars of said machines are male of U-form, the types are formed on

page_text: type-heads attached to the center parts or loops of the bars and the several type-
heads are made of varying weights; the type-heads belonging to the shorter arins
being heavier than those belonging to the longer arms. By this construction, I
obtain a practically equal impact or force in the blow with which the type-heads
strike the paper.
In typewriting machines in which the type-arms carry type-heads having a
plurality of letters thereon and in which the platen is shifted or moved bodily to
bring the printing point in line with either one of the types on the type head, the
paper carriage has been supported on a movable or shifting frame provided with
guides for the carriage and which is actuated by suitable shifting key or keys.
As an improved means for supporting such shifting frame, I propose to employ
upright standards on the machine frame having pivotal or flexible connection with
the shifting frame, and having bearing surfaces for engaging the machine base,
which are elongated in the direction of the swing of the arms, and are so shaped or
curved as to maintain the shifting frame practically in the same horizontal plane
when moved or shifted to either of its several positions. The curved bearing
surfaces of the standards are longitudinally grooved, and I employ in connection
with said standards, bearing pieces or shoes of sheet metal having bearing edges
which enter the grooves in the standards and projections at their ends by which the
standards are held in place or confined from movement on the shoes when the
said standards are moved or oscillated in the movements of the shifting frame.
Said standards are adapted to swing in planes perpendicular to the direction of the
motion of the paper carriage so as to enable the shifting frame to be moved in a
direction to give lateral movement to the carriage, without the use of other
supports for the shifting frame, except such guides or guiding devices as may be
necessary to hold the frame from turning or rotating on the said standards and for
maintaining it in its normal position. The means employed for this purpose in
connection with such oscillating standards will commonly consist of a rigid
rearward projection on the frame having at its rear end a horizontal rod which
engages a guide aperture in a standard rising from the main frame, stops being
placed upon said guide rod to limit the backward and forward movement of the
shifting frame.
As an improved construction in the spacing devices or means by which the
spring propelled carriage is allowed to move forward step by step as the types act
successively on the platen, 1 propose to employ devices as follows:-
The carriage is provided with a longitudinal toothed bar or rack, which is
engaged by means of a pinion secured to a rotating shaft, on which is mounted an
escapement wheel. The end of said shaft carrying the pinion is mounted in a
sliding block which is movable toward and from the rack, so that by the shifting
of the block the pinion may be engaged with, and disengaged from the rack at will.
The lower end of said shaft is mounted loosely in a bearing or otherwise so
mounted as to permit the free lateral or oscillating movement of the said pinion
toward and from the rack bar. The pinion is held or pressed constantly toward
the rack bar by means of a spring which is attached to an adjacent stationary part
of the machine frame and engages the block in such manner as to carry the same
toward the rack bar. The rotation of said escapement wheel is controlled by means
of a pivoted lever which carries stiff and limber pawls to engage in alternation the
teeth of the escapement wheel as the lever is oscillated. Said lever is actuated
through the medium of a space bar, which normally rests in contact with the lower
edges of the key levers.
The axis of oscillation of the shaft which carries the pinion and escapement
wheel is located adjacent to the said escapement wheel, so that the necessary
movement of the shaft for throwing the pinion into and out of engagement with the
rack, may take place without throwing the escapement wheel out of operative
relation with the said stiff and limber pawls by which its rotation is controlled.
Fer releasing the pinion from the rack bar, to permit the free movement of the
carriage when desired, a swinging releasing bar is located on the carriage, adjacent

page_text: to the rack bar and in position to engage an annular bearing surface on the pinion
or its shaft when the releasing bar is moved toward said pinion and in a direction
to thrust or hold the latter free from the rack bar. Said releasing bar is
actuated by means of an end wise sliding trip rod, mounted on the carriage and
acting on the releasing bar through the medium of a hell-crank lever, one end of
which is connected with the trip rod and the other of which is adapted to act on the
releasing bar to move or oscillate the same.
As an improved construction in means for actuating the revolving platen of a
typewriting machine, I propose to employ in connection with a platen actuating
device, which turns the platen for line spacing and includes a ratchet wheel which
is acted upon by a pawl for turning the platen, a frictional connection between the
ratchet wheel and the platen shaft, so constructed that, by application of suitable
force to the platen shaft the same may be turned while the ratchet wheel remains
stationary and I further propose to employ in connection with such frictional
connection between the ratchet wheel and the platen, a locking device mounted on
the carriage and adapted to engage the holding pawl of the ratchet wheel so as
to positively lock the pawl in engagement with the wheel and thus prevent any
rotation of said wheel when it is desired to turn or shift the platen by hand for
adjusting the paper accurately to a desired position independently of the line
spacing devices. Such locking device for the holding pawl of the ratchet wheel
is of great advantage for use in connection with the frictional connection between
the ratchet wheel and the platen; for the reason that it permits the operator at
will to shift the platen, so as to change the point at which the type strike
the same or the paper, thereby securing adjustment of the paper relatively to the
type, which cannot be obtained in the usual construction except by shifting the
paper on the platen.
As a still further improvement in the line spacing mechanism I propose to
provide automatic actuating device for the platen, so constructed that each time
the platen is moved endwise by the operator for beginning a new line the platen
will be turned or rotated automatically, a line space at a time. The device
I propose to employ for giving such lines space movement, consists of an oscillating
arm mounted on the carriage and provided with a feed lever, pivoted to the arm
and provided with a stud which acts on the teeth of the ratchet wheel to turn
the latter and the platen when the arm is swung or oscillated; and to provide
means for oscillating the arm, consisting of a sliding cam which moves endwise
with respect to the carriage and which acts on a pin or stud at the free end of
the feed lever, which latter is swung or moved on the arm, or the first contact of
the cam therewith, until the stud thereon engages the ratchet wheel, after which
further action of the cam moves both the feed lever and the arm to which it is
pivoted, until the platen has been turned or moved a line-space distance. Said
sliding cam is moved or shifted by contact with a stop on the machine frame, as
the carriage is moved back to its starting point by the operator. The extent of
rotation of the platen at each backward movement of the carriage is determined
by the extent of cscillatory movement of the arm, and this in turn is controlled by
means of stops which limit its backward swing after it is released from the action
of the sliding cam. To afford a variation in the stroke of the arm, one of said
stops is made movable while the other is stationary and the movable stop is adapted
to be swung out of the path of the arm to give a greater extent of throw and to
be moved into the path of the arm and thus arrest the same at a desired point to
give a shorter or lesser throw; the stops being arranged at a proper distance apart
to give half or full space for a line, as desired. Such movable stop I prefer to
make in the form of a swinging arm or lever, which is pivoted to the carriage, and
the free end of which is adapted for engagement with the swinging arm by which
the platen is actuated.
As an improvement in the paper feeding devices for typewriting machines,
I propose to employ in connection with the usual feed-roll by which the paper is
held in contact with the platen, spring supporting arms for the said feed-roll,

page_text: adapted to hold or press the same against the platen and gearing connecting the
shaft of said feed-roll with the platen shaft, such gearing consisting of a spur
wheel located on the platen shaft outside of the carriage frame and a pinion on the
feed-roll shaft intermeshing with the said spur wheel, these parts being so
arranged as to drive the feed-roll positively at the same surface speed as that of
the platen, so that the paper will be fed or moved positively by the action of
opposing surfaces and liability of slipping thereof or a failure to feed, which
sometimes occurs when the feeding is accomplished by frictional contact of the
platen only with the paper, is entirely avoided.
In a typewriting machine of the character herein before referred to; namely, one
in which the carriage is moved in one direction by a spring and is returned to its
starting point against the tension of the spring by hand pressure, the starting point
of the carriage is determined by means of a stop, commonly called a margin stop,
because the position in which it is placed determines the width of the margin left
on the sheet in printing. Such margin stop is commonly made adjustable for
varying the width of the margin of the printed page; and as an improved
construction in such an adjustable stop I propose to make it as follows:-
The stop has the form of a sliding block mounted on a transverse guide bar,
which I prefer should be also the main guide bar on which the carriage slides or
travels. In this guide bar is formed a series of holes or recesses, with either of
which a pin on the said block is adapted to engage. The block is held upon the
guide bar by means of a U-shaped clip which embraces the guide-bar and is
pivoted to the block by means of a pivot pin inserted through the block at a point
remote from the said pin therein; so that by swinging the block on its pivot the
pin may be inserted in or released from the holes in the guide-bar. The block is
so disposed that contact of the carriage therewith or pressure of the carriage
thereon when it comes in contact with the same, tends to swing the block in a
direction to force the pin into the hole of the guide-bar, with which it may be
engaged, so that the block will remain normally interlocked with the guide-bar and
contact of the carriage therewith will have no tendency to dislodge it. but will tend
to hold it more firmly in its locked position. The stop may, however, be easily and
quickly shifted on the bar for adjustment by swinging its end which contains the
said pin outwardly, and then sliding the lock along the bar until in position for the
engagement of the pin with another one of the holes in the bar. A spring
attached to the block and acting on the bar, serves to hold the block in its locked
position and to prevent accidental disconnection of the pin from the hole in which
it may be inserted.
The sliding cam hereinbefore referred to as a means of actuating the platen,
is operated as before stated by contact with the stationary part of the machine
frame when the carriage is moved backwardly to its starting point; and as a
preferable construction of the parts, the cam is provided with an endwise sliding
rod, attached to the cam and arranged to strike at its end against the margin
stop itself, so that in the backward movement of the carriage the said cam will
first be moved or shifted by contact with the margin stop and the carriage finally
stopped by means of a suitable stop which limits the sliding movement of the cam
on the carriage. That part of the margin stop against which the cam acts or
strikes is made movable into and out of the path of the part of the cam which
strikes the same, said movable part preferably consisting of a pivoted or swinging
plate or detent provided with a hand lever and so weighted that it will normally
stand in position for contact with the cam therewith.
A cam arm on the carriage frame is adapted to swing said detent out of the
path of the rod which is attached to the sliding cam, after the latter has been
moved to turn the platen and before the carriage has reached the extreme limit
of its movement, so as to allow said rod and the sliding cam to be restored to its
rearward position, by the action of an actuating spring applied thereto, and thus
permit the platen feeding arm to return to its rearward position; the result of this
construction being that the platen feeding arm and the sliding cam which operates

page_text: the same are actuated to turn the platen and are completely restored to their
normal positions during the movement of the carriage backwardly to its starting
point, and no movement of the platen actuating devices takes place in the subsequent
forward movement of the carriage under the action of the carriage actuating
spring.
In typewriting machines of that class in which the types are arranged to strike
downwardly upon the platen, so that the paper may be exposed to view constantly
during the progress of the writing, it is necessary, where an inking ribbon is used,
that guides should be provided for the ribbon adjacent to the printing point, which
guides are movable so as to hold the ribbon adjacent to the paper at the time
the impression is made, but to throw or lift the same away from the paper and thus
render it visible after each letter is printed. As an improved ribbon throw, or
device for so guiding and actuating the ribbon, I propose to employ a construction
as follows:-Pivoted to the rigid supporting arms which are attached to the
machine frame and which extend to points over the platen, is a ruck-shaft
arranged parallel with and above the platen and carrying two depending arms,
to the lower ends of which are attached two ribbon guides or loops, one of which
is arranged at either side of the printing point, said loops being arranged horizontally
and beneath the pivotal axis about which they swing. Said rock-shaft is provided
with a rigid arm connected, by means of a suitable connecting rod, with a
swinging frame, which is actuated by all of the key levers of the machine, so
that the rock-shaft is moved and the ribbon guides oscillated each time an
impression is made; the loops standing normally remote from the platen and being
swung into position adjacent to or over the same at the time the keys are depressed.
The pivotal axis of the loops or guides is so arranged with respect to the same
and to the platen, that the loops stand normally in a position forward of the platen
or at the side of their pivotal axis adjacent to the operator, and in an inclined or
oblique position so that the ribbon stands edgewise to the line of vision as the
operator looks toward the platen on which the paper rests. By this arrangement
of the ribbon guides the ribbon is held in such position as to avoid obstruction to
the vision at all times, except when the impression is being made, while at the same
time a very short or slight movement of the ribbon is required to bring it into its
operative position.
As an improved ribbon feeding device adapted for use in connection with type-
writing machines having two ribbon spools upon which the ribbon is wound in
alternation by power applied first to one spool and then to the other, devices are
provided as follows:
Each spool is provided with a gear wheel attached to one end of the same and
which intermeshes with a pinion mounted on a shaft which is driven from one of
the operative parts of the machine through a suitably arranged ratchet connection.
Each of said shafts is mounted at its end remote from the spool in a bearing,
permitting universal, lateral or oscillatory movement thereof, and its end adjacent
to the spool in a double or duplex bearing consisting of two bearing notches or
apertures, in either of which the shaft may be placed, and over both of which is
placed a single, spring-actuated retaining arm or bar, which serves to close the
openings of both notches and to retain the shaft in either one of the notches in
which it may be located. One of the notches or bearing apertures is located in
position to hold the shaft engaged with the gear wheel on the spool, while the other
holds it in position free therefrom. The retaining bar referred to, being held by
spring pressure only, the shaft may be easily shifted from one notch to the other
by merely pulling it outward against the pressure of the retaining bar and then
moving or sliding it along said bar until opposite the other notch and inserting it
in the same; the spring retaining bar returning to its normal position as soon as
the shaft is released. Both of the shafts being arranged as described, they may be
shifted at once by the hand, so as to release the engaged one and engage the
previously disengaged one and thus bring either spool into actuating connection
with the operating devices as desired.

page_text: As an improved construction in ribbon spools consisting of a central barrel and
two sides or ends, I propose to make the barrel part of the spool of a piece of
sheet metal having parallel sides provided with cutwardly extending projections
adapted for insertion through suitable annularly arranged perforations in the heads,
so that when the said strip or piece of metal is bent into the form of a cylinder the
said prongs may be inserted through said apertures and thus bent down against the
outer surface of the heads so as to rigidly hold the same upon the barrel. To
provide means for fastening the end of the ribbon to such a barrel so made of a
strip of sheet metal, I propose to provide said strip at one end with a pointed or
V-shaped projection arranged to stand opposite an opening or notch cut in the
opposite end of a strip and forming a free projection or spur over which the end of
the ribbon may be hooked or on which it may be caught and the end of the spur
thereafter bent down so as to permanently hold the ribbon against detachment when
completely unwound from the barrel.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a side view of a typewriting machine embodying my invention with
the side plate of the frame removed to show the working parts.
Figure 2 is a plan view of said machine with the paper carriage removed to
show the parts beneath the same.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the paper carriage with most of the type levers
removed for showing the parts immmediately adjacent to the base plate.
Figure 4 is a view in front elevation of the paper carriage removed from the
machine.
Figure 5 is a view from beneath of the rack bar of the paper carriage and the
adjacent parts.
Figure 6 is a detail view of the ratchet wheel attached to the platen shaft.
Figure 7 is a cross section taken on line 7-7 of Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a detail end view of the carriage frame showing the devices for
actuating the platen to effect the line feed.
Figure 9 is a similar view, showing a changed position of the parts.
Figure 10 is a view of the opposite end of the carriage illustrating the device
for shifting the platen.
Figure 11 is an enlarged plan view of the carriage, illustrating the devices for
actuating the platen.
Figure 12 is a cross section of the carriage, taken on line 12-12 of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is a detail plan section of one end of the carriage, taken on line 13-13
of Figure 12 showing the parts below the platen.
Figure 14 is a view of the rear part of the carriage with adjacent parts of the
machine frame; this being a sectional view taken on line 14-14 of Figure 1.
Figure 15 is a detail, vertical, sectional view of the platen actuating devices,
taken on line 15-15 of Figure 8.
Figure 16 is a perspective view of the slotted slide and attached bearing arm
shown in Figure 15.
Figure 17 is a sectional elevation of the feed arm and dog, taken on line 17-17
of Figure 15.
Figure 18 is a detail view of the platen ratchet wheel and its retaining pawl.
Figure 19 is a detail rear elevation of the bell-trip device on the carriage.
Figure 20 is an end view of the carriage guide bar, showing the margin stop and
platen actuating stop thereon.
Figure 21 is a plan view of the parts shown in Figure 20.
Figure 22 is a cross section, taken on line 22-22 of Figure 21.
Figure 23 is a sectional plan view showing the margin stop in changed position.
Figure 24 is a detail sectional elevation, taken on line 24-24 of Figure 2,
showing the type bar actuating devices and part of the spacing mechanism.
Figure 25 is a plan section taken on line 25-25 of Figure 24, showing the
type-bar pivots and their bearings.

page_text: Figure 26 is a plan section, taken on line 26-26 of Figure 24, showing the
escape wheel and other parts of the spacing mechanism.
Figure 27 is a detail 'plan view taken on line 27-27 of Figure 24 showing the
pivotal support of the rocking frame by which the spacing devices are actuated.
Figure 28 is a central vertical section of the escapement wheel shaft and parts
supporting the same taken on line 28-28 of Figure 24.
Figure 29 is a detail vertical section, taken on line 29-29 of Figure 2, showing
in side elevation the spacing and the ribbon-shifting devices.
Figure 30 is a side elevation of the oscillating detent lover which controls the
escapement wheel.
Figure 31 is a perspective view of the same.
Figure 32 is a sectional view of the same taken on line 32-32 of Figure 30.
Figure 33 is a detail section of the ribbon guides and actuating devices
therefor, showing a position of the same different from that shown in Figure 29.
Figure 34 is a detail view of the blank from which is made the barrel of one of
the ribbon spools.
Figure 35 is a face view of the blank forming the head or end of one of the
ribbon spools.
Figure 36 is a cross section, showing the locking devices for the spacing levers,
taken on line 36-36 of Figure 1.
Figure 37 is a detail side view of one of the key shifting levers, showing the
curved slot by which motion is transferred to the shifting carriage support.
Figure 38 is a view of the other one of said levers, showing the curved slot
therein,
Figure 39 is a detail section, taken longitudinally through the guide-bar of the
paper carriage and one of the rocking standards on the frame which supports
said bar.
Figure 40 is a detail view of the rack bar and the pinions which engages the
same showing the shape of the teeth on said parts.
Figure 41 is a detail section of the lower bearing of one of the ribbon-feed
shafts taken on line 41-41 of Figure 1.
Figure 42 is a detail section of the bearings for the upper end of one of the
ribbon feed shafts, taken on line 42-42 of Figure 1.
Figure 43 is an enlarged detail plan view of the lower bearing of the escape-
wheel shaft.
Figure 44 is a cross section of the ribbon spool taken on line 44-44 of
Figure 35.
Figure 45 is a cross section of the same taken longitudinally of the barrel on the
line 45-45 of Figure 44.
As shown in said drawings A designates the base of the machine, consisting of a
flat, horizontal, flanged metal ensting and B B the key levers which extend from
the front to the rear of the machine, above and generally parallel with the base
plate, and are pivotally supported at their rear ends by means of transverse
pivots & supported in standards A' on the base plate. Said levers are divided into
two groups, in each of which the rear ends of the levers are brought together and
pivoted to one of the standards, as clearly seen in the plan view, Figure 1. At
their front ends the key levers engage vertical guide slots a formed in a transverse
guide bar A attached to the base plate. (Figures 1, 2, 3, 36, and 37.)
The several key levers are lifted and held normally in an elevated position by
means of springs B (Figure 1) herein shown as made of U-form and located
between the base plate and the key levers, with their upper ends engaged with the
lower edges of the key levers by means of hooked ends on said springs.
CC indicate the type-bars, which are of loop or U-form and are mounted on
supporting frames D D in two groups at opposite sides of the center of the
machine so as to swing on horizontal axes, extending from the front to the rear of
the machine and which act on a platen or paper supporting roller E arranged.
transversely of the machine beneath the type-bars, in position for the action

page_text: thercon of the type-bars of both groups and mounted in an endwise movable
carriage which is moved or shifted endwise to feed the platen and the paper
thereon past the printing or striking point of the type-bars. The supporting
frames D overhang the platen E (Figures 1, 24, and 25), and are supported by
means of posts or uprights D¹ on the base. The several type-bars are rigidly
attached at their ends to horizontally arranged rock-shafts or spindles C1, which
are mounted in bearings formed in the said supporting frames and held therein by
cap plates or bars D2, (Figures 24 and 25). Said type bars are provided with
type heads C2 attached to the central parts or bends of the bars, and adjacent to
their pivots are provided (Figure 24) with radial crank arms c, which are con-
nected by means of upright links e with the key levers at the points intermediate
of the ends of the latter. At the outer ends of the supporting frame D are located
upright yokes D3 and attached to the same are inclined supports or rests D which
are arranged in an inclined position between the arms of the yokes; their lower
extremities being secured to the inner ends of the supporting frames and their
upper ends are attached to the said yokes. Said rests are provided on their inner
faces with impact cushions C3 against which the rear sides of the type heads rest
when in their normal or retracted position.
The type heads are made of graduated weight and those carried by the shorter
type bars are heavier than those on the longer type-bars, with the result that all
of the types may be made to strike with practically the same force in making the
impression, notwithstanding the varying lengths of the type-arms. Uniformity of
impression and in the appearance of the several letters is thus obtained.
The type bar heads carry each a plurality of type faces or types, preferably
three, whereby an upper and lower case letter aud a numeral or a punctuation
mark may be arranged on each type head; the platen and its carriage being
movable and controlled by suitable shifting devices, so that either of the types on
the type heads may be printed from at will.
The type bars are made of sheet metal strips bent into proper shape and the
type heads consist of metal blocks slotted in their rear faces to receive the sheet
metal type-bars and secured to the same by soldering or in any other suitable
manner.
The paper carriage frame, in the preferred construction illustrated, consists of
two end plates E' E', a longitudinal bar E2 at the lower front part of the frame,
which constitutes the rack-bar of the spacing mechanism and a rear frame bar E³
(Figure 11). The said carriage is mounted to slide endwise on a supporting
frame, which consists of a transverse guide bar F, a horizontal yoke piece Fi
extending rearwardly therefrom, a centrally arranged frame plate F and a
horizontal guide-rod F2 which is attached to the rear end of the yoke piece F¹
and slides in a bracket F3 attached to the rear part of the base plate.
The devices illustrated for sustaining the shifting guide-bar consists of two
rocking standards G, G, (Figures 1 and 29) which have pivotal connection with
the said guide-bar by means of a ball or head g on the upper end of each standard
engaging a socket (Figure 39) in the bottom surface of said guide-bar. The
lower ends of said standards are extended from front to rear of the machine to
form curved rockers G¹ which rest on shoes G2 secured to the bed plate A. Said
rockers are curved on a circular are concentric with the pivot at the opposite end
of the standard, so that when the guide bar is moved backward or forward, it will
remain practically in the same horizontal plane. The said shoes G are made of
sheet metal and are provided with vertical parts or flanges g' engaging grooves g²
formed in the lower surface of the standards. The said shoes are also provided at
their ends with upwardly projecting lugs g3 located, at the front and rear of the
ruckers G2, and serving to loosely confine the rockers' and hold them from backward
or forward movement. The said supporting standards may be reversed and the
shoes attached to the shifting frame instead of to the base without affecting the
operation of these parts.
The guide bar F, together with the yoke F¹ constitute the shifting frame of

page_text: the machine and the engagement of the rol F with the guide Fa afforda a support
for the frame which, in connection with the rocking standards G, G, serves to hold
the frame in a horizontal position while at the same time leaving it free to be
shifted backwardly or forwardly with the carriage which is supportel by sail
frame, in order to print from either one of the three types upon the type heads.
To hold the guide bar F from end wise movement and from being lifted vertically,
the same is engaged with horizontal stationary guides F (Figures 3, 14 and 39)
which extend from front to rear of the machine frame, and are provided with over-
hanging parts or flanges f¹ (Figure 39) which are engaged by projecting lugs f2
on the said bar in such manner as to hold the bar from rising. Said lugs are
herein shown as formed by the extremities of the yoke F which extend beneath
the guide bar and are turned outwardly parallel with the bar; being secured
thereto by screws or rivets. The said guide-bar is also provided with an anti-
friction roller at its left hand end, which by engagement with the inner edges
of the adjacent flange f, serves to resist the tendency to end wise movement in
the bar due to the action of the carriage actuating spring. As herein shown, the
guides are formed upon or cast integral with the standards D', by which the
guide bars and their supports are sustained and the roller f³ is mounted on a stud
or pivot attached to one end of the yoke F, the guide bar being cut away or
notched on its under surface to receive the said guides Fan1 said roller. The
backward and forward movement of the shifting frame is limited and controlled by
means of shifting stops or nuts f f placed on the stem F2 at either side of the
guide bracket F
The paper carriage is sustained at its front edge upon the guide bar F by means
of supporting rollers E which engage a longitudinal guide groove F, formed in
the top surface of the guide bar F (Figure 12). Said supporting rollers are
preferably two in number (Figure 5) and are connected with the carriage frame
by means of a longitudinal channel bar E' (Figures, 12 and 14) which is secured
to the bottom or under surface of the bar E2 of the carriage and between the
depending flanges of which the said rollers E are journalled by means of bearing
pivots inserted through central hubs formed on the rollers and through the
depending flanges of said channel bar. The hubs of the said rollers are made long
enough to extend between said flanges and thereby hold the rollers from lateral
movement, as clearly seen in Figure 5.
The carriage is held from rising, or being lifted from its place, by means of a
longitudinal groove F' formed in the rear face of the guide-bar F, near its top,
which groove is engaged by two lugs e, e, on the carriage frame. Said lugs are
shown as formed on the lower side of a plate E which is secured by rivets to the
rear flange of the channel bar E, Figures 5, 12 and 14.
The rear part of the carriage is sustained by means of a supporting roller H,
(Figures 1, 2 and 29) which is mounted on a standard H', attached to the frame
yoke F, in position to extend heneath the rear frame bar E of the carriage frame,
which latter rests and travels on said roller H in the end-wise traverse of
the carriage. To hold the carriage from rising at its rear part a movable stop H2
is secured to the upper end of the post H' in such manner as to overhang the
said bar. Said stop is herein shown as having the form of a thumb-screw
(Figure 29) to which is attached a threaded shank which enters a socket in
the upper end of the post H'. The said post H is shown as secured to the
yoke by passing through a hole formed in a rearwardly projecting lag fon
said yoke and having nuts, 2 placed on the screw threaded lower end of the
post above and below said yoke, thereby enabling the post to be adjusted
vertically with the effect of raising or lowering the rear part of the carriage,
which construction enables the carriage to be adjusted accurately to a horizontal
position.
The shifting frame is so constructed that the platen E and its carriage may
be shifted in either direction from a central point, the carriage being shifted.
backwardly for one set of types or characters and forwardly for another set, while

page_text: it remains immovable or in its central position for the third or intermediate set of
types. To accomplish such movement of the carriage backward and forward from
its central position devices are connected with the shifting frame as follows:
I, I represent shifting levers having their keys i, ' in the key board, preferably
at the left hand side of the same, and pivoted at their rear ends to a standard f²
rising from the base plate A (Figures 1 and 3); said levers being guided in
vertical slots formed in the left hand end of the guide plate A³. Mounted on the
frame base at the rear of the guide plate A3 is a rock shaft J, (Figures 1, 2, 3, 29
and 37,) which extends from a point beneath the shifting levers to the center of
the machine and is provided with upwardly extending crank arms J, J and J.
The crank arm J' (Figures 3 and 29) is located near the center of the machine
and is connected with the shifting frame by means of a rearwardly extending
rod J (Figure 29) the rear end of which is pivoted to a depending lug ; on the
central plate F of the shifting frame. (Figures 3 and 29.)
The two crank arms J2 J3 are adapted for engagement respectively with the
shifting levers I and I. Said shifting levers are provided with curved slots 2, 3,
which are so shaped or curved that the depression of one key lever will throw the
rock shaft J in one direction, while the depression of the other key lever will turn
the said rock shaft in the opposite direction, thereby giving corresponding
movement in opposite directions to the shifting frame. 12 and 13 (Figure 1) are
lifting springs applied between the base plate and the shifting levers to hold the
latter normally elevated. The shifting levers I and I are provided with stop-
projections and 1 adapted for contact with the guide-bar F, so as to limit the
movement of the same and hold the carriage immovable when in its central
position. It is sometimes desired to hold the carriage for some length of time in
its shifted position, and for this purpose I have provided means for locking the
shift keys in their depressed position. The devices illustrated for this purpose
consist of a hand lever K (Figures 1 and 36) which is arranged vertically between
the levers I and I' and is pivoted at its lower end to the guide plate A³. Said
lever K is provided with outwardly facing stop shoulders k, k', located in such
position as to hold the shifting keys depressed when engaged therewith. By
shifting said hand lever K to the right or left and into engagement with that one
of the shifting keys which is depressed, the depressed key may be locked and held
from rising.
For giving end wise motion or feed to the paper carriage, I have provided a
spring actuated mechanism for giving motion to such carriage, and also a spacing
or feed device by which the carriage is allowed to move under the action of said
spring one space at each time a key is depressed for printing a letter.
K (Figures 1 and 2) indicates a drum, which contains a carriage actuating
spring and is supported upon the upper end of a standard 2 which rises from the
machine base. Said spring drum has wrapped about it a strap K², the free end of
which is attached to a hook 3 (Figures 4 and 5) on the carriage frame. Said
drum is attached to the vertical shaft K3, which extends downwardly through the
base of the machine and is provided below the base with a ratchet wheel and
escapement lever (shown in dotted lines in Figure 3) by which the tension of the
spring may be regulated.
The spacing device for effecting the letter spacing operates in connection with
the rack bar E' hereinbefore referred to and is constructed as follows:-
L, (Figures 28 and 29), indicates an upright escape wheel shaft, located near the
center of the machine in front of the guide bar F, and mounted in a bearing
attached to said guide bar, so that the shaft moves horizontally with the shifting
frame. Said shaft carries at its upper end a gear pinion, L', adapted to engage
the rack bar, E2, of the carriage frame (Figure 12) and at its lower end an escape-
wheel L. The upper end of the shaft L is adapted to move toward and from the
rack bar, about an axis of oscillation located adjacent to the escape-wheel. The
said shaft engages at its lower end a bearing aperture in a bracket, F³ which is
attached to the horizontal plate F, of the shifting frame.

page_text: In the drawings, (Figure 43), the bearing aperture is shown as made of
elongated shape in the direction in which the shaft moves or oscillates so as to
afford the necessary freedom of movement in the upper end of the shaft. The
upper end of the shaft L passes through a block L which slides in a guide slot in
an arm or bracket F on the shifting frame; said arm or bracket being conveniently
formed by means of a forward extension of the plate Fe beyond the guide bar.
A pin, inserted through the block below the arm F, engages the lower
surface of the arm to hold the block from rising. The bearing block L is held
normally in its rearward position and the said pinion is retained in mesh with the
rack bar by means of a plate spring L, which is secured to the bracket F³ at its
lower end, and at its upper or free end engages an aperture in a lug which
extends rearwardly from the block L.
To now describe the escape device, by which the escape wheel L is allowed to
torn step hy step and the carriage allowed to advance under the action of the
carriage actunting spring when the several keys are operated, the same is constructed
as follows: M is an oscillatory escapement lever (Figures 26, 29, 30 and 32)
which extends from front to rear of the machine and is pivoted on a laterally
extending arm Flo, on the bracket F, so as to swing in a vertical plane, with its
forward end at one side of and adjacent to the escape-wheel L. Said lever carries
stiff and limber pawls m m', which are adapted for engagement with the teeth of
the escape wheel so as to permit the wheel to turn tooth by tooth when the lever is
oscillated. The stiff pawi' m, has the form of a rigid projection or tooth on the end
of the lever M, and the limber pawl m¹ is pivotally supported at its lower end, by
means of a transverse pivot, between laterally separatel arms m³ m² on said lever,
so as to swing in a vertical plane parallel with the axis of the escape-wheel. The
stiff pawl m, is adapted for alternate engagement with and disengagement from
the teeth of the escape-wheel by vertical movement or oscillation of the front end
of the lever M; the said stiff pawl being adapted for engagement with the teeth
of the wheel when the lever is elevated. The limber pawl is also adapted for
engagement with and disengagement from the teeth of the escape-wheel by the
vertical movement of said lever M, said pawl, for this purpose, being provided with
a notch m in its side nearest the escape-wheel and opposite the stiff pawl m, said
notch being so lecated as to permit the passage of the teeth of the escape-wheel
when the lever is elevated. The parts are so arranged that, when the escapement
lever is depressed, the lug m' will engage the teeth of the same, and when it is
elevated the stiff pawl m will be engaged by the said teeth and the limber pawl will
be released therefrom. A back stop m for the limber pawl is formed by means
of a lateral projection on the lever M, and a front stop me for said limber pawl, is
similarly formed on said lever. The limber pawl is held nermally in contact with
the back stop by means of a suitably applied spring, herein shown as having the
form of a coiled spring, ' (Figures 31 and 32) placed around the pivot m² of the
limber pawl. The escape-wheel turns in a direction to carry the limber pawl
away from the back stop m, when engaged with said pawl, as clearly seen in
Figure 26, and said wheel, when in contact with the limber past, carries the same
towards the back stop m against the action of the spring m and holds it in
contact with the same. When the parts are at rest, the escapement lever stands at
the lower limit of its movement, and one tooth of the escape-wheel rests in contact
with the limber pawl, which holds the escape wheel from turning. When the
escape lever is moved so as to lift its free end the limber pawl will be lifted until
free from the escape wheel, at which time the tooth previously engaged by the
limber pawl will come in contact with, and be arrested by, the stiff pawl m, while
the limber pawl will be released, and, under the action of its spring ma' will return
into contact with the back "stop me as seen in Figure 30. Upon the subsequent
descent of the escape-lever the teeth of the escape-wheel in contact with the stiff
pawl will be released so as to permit the turning of the wheel, but in the descent of
the escape lever the next succeeding tooth will be caught by the descending limber
pawl, which will be moved thereby until arrested by the front stop, thus permitting

page_text: the turning of the escape-wheel a distance of one tooth at each oscillation of
the escape lever. Any backward turning of the escape lever is prevented by the
detent N, (Figure 26), which is mounted on a supporting arm N' attached to the
bracket F, and held by means of a coiled actuating spring n in engagement with
the teeth of the escape wheel.
Now referring to the means illustrated for giving motion to the escape lever,
these parts are constructed as follows:-O (Figures 3 and 29) indicates a trans-
versely arranged, vertically movable space bar located beneath and adapted for
actuation by all of the key levers. Said space bar is attached to the rear ends of
the two arms O', (Figure 3) the forward ends of which are rigidly attached to a
rock shaft O2 having bearings at its ends in the standards D' of the frame, as
seen in Figure 24. The said space bar O is connecte with the said rock
shaft O2, not only by the arms O', located at the ends of said bars, but also by
means of two intermediate bars 03, 03 (Figures 25 and 29) arranged at either side
of the escape devices, as clearly seen in the plan views (Figures 3 and 29). The
escape lever M, is operated directly from the bar O, by means of a slotted
yoke, O, (Figures 3, 25 and 29) which is secured to the bar adjacent to the rear
end of the lever M, and is provided with a horizontal slot, o, extending from the
front to the rear of the machine, beneath the space bar, and adapted to receive
a pin, m7, which is secured in the rear end of said lever. Through the medium
of the slotted yoke, O, vertical movement of the space bar is transmitted directly
to the escapement lever M, while backward and forward movement of said lever
with the shifting frame is permitted by the said slot o, with ut affecting the action
of the escape-devices.
The intermediate arms, O³, which connect the space bar O with the rock
shaft 02, as above described, afford means for connecting a space key P,
(Figures 1 and 2) located in front of the key board, with the said escape
devices. This said space-key P is attached to two parallel levers, P¹ which are
attached at their rear ends to a rock shaft P2, (shown in Figures 27 and 29)
around which is placed a coiled spring 2, which acts to hold the space key normally
in its elevated position. At a point forward of the rock shait P2 is located a
cross bar P³ (Figures 24, 27 and 29) which rigidly connects the levers pl. Pivoted
to the lever arms 03 by means of a transverse pivot pin o' is a depending yoke
piece P4 having at its lower end a recessed or hook shaped part pl, which extends
beneath and embraces the cross bar P³. A cushion, p, (Figures 24 and 29) is
preferably located in the recessed part p', below the rod P³, so as to afford a
cushion between the parts and prevent noise in the operation of the spacing key.
The yoke piece, P, is conveniently made of sheet metal, bent at its lover edge
to form the recessed or hook-shaped part, p' and having at its upper end lugs or
ears, which are bent at right angles to the bady of the yoke piece (Figure 27)
and pierced for the passage of the pivot rod e¹. (Figures 24 and 29.) The space
bar is held in contact with the key levers, by a coiled spring Os, placed in
compression between one of the levers 03 and the base plate of the machine,
(Figure 29). An auxiliary leaf spring
The upward movement of said space bar is
base plate.
also aids in lifting the space bar.
limited by a stop 07 secured to the
Devices are provided for moving the upper end of the shaft L and the pinion L
thereon away from the rack bar of the carriage, for the purpose of releasing said
carriage from the spacing devices when it is desired to shift or move the carriage
backward to its starting point for beginning a new line of writing or at other times,
as follows: Pivotally mounted on the carriage above the rack-bar E2, with its
lower free edge adjacent to the latter, is a longitudinally arranged releasing bar Q,
having pivotal connection with the end plates E' of the carriage frame, by means
of pivot extensions, 9, 9, at its upper edge (Figures 4 and 11). The lower or free
edge of said releasing bar is located in position to engage an anti-friction roller Q¹,
(Figure 12) mounted on the upper end of the shaft L above the said pinion L¹.
A suitably applied spring, in this instance having the form of a coiled spring g',

page_text: surrounds one of the pivot-extensions 7, of the releasing bar and serves to throw the
free edge of the releasing bar rearwardly and thereby tends to hold it in its retracted
position. For actuating said releasing bar, an endwise sliding trip-rod Q2,
Figures 4, 11 and 13, is arranged longitudinally of the carriage at the rear of said
releasing bar, said trip rod extending beyond the end of the carriage at the left
hand side of the machine, (Figures 4 and 11) and having on its end a finger piece or
button Q. Pivoted to the rack bar E2 at the rear of the releasing bar is a bell crank
lever, Q(Figure 13) one arm q2 of which engages the rear surface of the releasing
bar, and the other arm 93, of which is connected by the pivot pin q', with the inner
end of the trip rod Q. A suitably located stop 9, secured in the rack bar E², serves
to arrest the movement of the bell crank lever in both directions. The releasing
bar with its actuating devices, obviously enables the pinion on the escape-wheel
shaft to be thrown out of engagement with the rack bar on the carriage, so as to
leave the carriage free to be moved backward and forward by the operator, by
merely pressing on the button Q.
The actuating spring of the releasing bar and the spring which throws the
escape-wheel shaft toward the rack bar are together of less strength than the
carriage actuating spring so that when pressure is applied to the trip rod,
the pinion will be released from the rack bar and will remain free therefrom.
The teeth of the rack bar are of the usual ratchet shape, having their working
or contact faces at right angles with the edge of the rack bar or slightly inclined
to give undercut form to the teeth, if desired. The teeth of the pinion L
(Figure 40) are made of hooked form; their contact faces 3 being undercut so that
the point of each tooth overhangs the base of the next tooth. As seen in Figure 40,
in which 6 16 indicate a line drawn through the center of the pinion at right angles
with the rack bar, the point indicates the center of the pinion and a dotted line
drawn through the contact faces of the two teeth which are engaged with their
working faces in contact; these teeth being brought into contact before they reach
a point opposite the center of the pinion. When a pinion tooth, as 8, is engaged
with the rack the adjacent pinion tooth will bear at its extremity or point against
the working face of the next rack tooth at a point intermediate of the length of
said rack tooth, so that in pactice, two teeth will commonly be in bearing or engage-
ment at once. The main advantage gained by this construction is that the pressure
of the rack bar on the pinion teeth so formed has no tendency whatever to throw
the pinion outwardly, but on the contrary, such pressure has a greater tendency to
hold the teeth interlocked or engaged with each other. The carriage may be
moved back to the starting point by the outward yielding of the pinion and the
upper end of the shaft on which it is mounted without the actuation of the releasing
device. In practice, however, the carriage will be usually moved backwards by
pressure on the end of the trip rod Q2, acting to release the driving pinion from the
rack, and thus free the carriage without any motion or movement on the part of
the operator except to press on the button Q3 in the direction the carriage is to
move. On releasing the pressure on the trip rod, the driving pinion immediately
re-engages the rack. It is, however, necessary to hold the carriage from backward
movement at the instant the trip rod is released, and this is accomplished by the
pressure of a finger of the left hand against a stationary part of the carriage
adjacent to the button Q³.
The platen E is mounted on a spindle, R, mounted in the end plates of the
carriage and provided at its ends with hand wheels or milled knobs R' and R².
The knob R at the left hand end of the carriage is located adjacent to the end of
the trip-rod Q, so that one finger may be placed thereon when the other is resting
on the button Q³.
The platen E is movable bodily on the carriage into and out of its operative
position, in order to facilitate the insertion of the paper, the ends of the platen
spindle for this purpose being constructed to slide in slots e² in the end plates E.
The platen is moved by means of a rock shaft R³ mounted on the end plates and
connected with the spindle R at each end of the carriage, by means of pivotally

page_text: connected toggle-arms (Figures 11 and 12). The said rock shaft R³ is provided
with a hand crank R' and the toggle arms are so arranged as to stand in a slightly
flexed position against stops on the end plate so as to automatically lock the platen
in its operative position.
The machine shown is provided with automatic line spacing devices by which
the platen is turned to advance the paper automatically when the carriage is drawn
backwardly to its starting position. These parts are constructed as follows:-
Mounted on the platen spindle R, is a ratchet or gear wheel, S, (Figures 1, 2, 4, 8,
9, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18) the same being located on the outside of the adjacent end
plate E at the left hand side of the machine. Loosely mounted on said spindle,
adjacent to said gear wheel is an oscillating feeding lever, S', which carries a
loosely pivoted gravity pawl, S2, of angular or bell-crank shape and provided with
a tooth adapted for engagement with the teeth of said gear-wheel. Said pawl, S³
is pivoted between its ends, by a pivot s, to the feed lever and has a limited
oscillatory movement on said feed lever, limited by means of a stop pin s¹ on the
lever engaging an elongated or segmented notch s in the pawl. (Figure 17.) Said
pawl also carries at its outer or free end an anti-friction roller, 3, to which power
is applied for moving the pawl and the feed lever. The feeding arm and pawl are
moved or swung backwardly by means of a spring S³, herein shown as made of
coiled form and placed around the platen spindle, and are moved forwardly, or in a
direction to feed the paper, by means of an endwise sliding cam St, which is mounted
on the carriage and provided with an oblique or cam edge S adapted to act on the
anti-friction rollers and thereby actuate both the feed arm and pawl. The feed
pawl passes freely over the gear wheel in the backward movement of the feed lever;
but in the forward movement of said lever under the action of the sliding cam S
the latter first moves the pawl to effect its engagement with the gear wheel, and
thereafter moves the pawl and feed-arm bodily through a desired angular distance.
Provision is made for giving a variable line spacing by. varying the distance to
which the feed-arm is allowed to swing backward under the action of its actuating
spring S³, and in the construction illustrated, where provision is made for single
and double spacing, said arm is adapted to strike and is arrested by a shoulder, s,
on an arm R³ (which is stationary with respect to the shaft R), to give a double
spacing, while a movable stop s having the form of a lever pivoted to the said
arm R³ is adapted to be swung into position to arrest the feed lever at half a
stroke, and thus give a shorter movement to the same for single line spacing. The
stop levers is shown as provided with a weighted upper end s', which, by being
thrown to one side or the other of the pivot of the feed lever, acts by gravity to
hold the stop lever either in its operative or inoperative position, said lever being
shown in Figure 1 of the drawing in operative position and in Figure 8 as being
out of action.
The platen and its spindle R being movable on the carriage frame, the arm R
is constructed to move with the spindle, and to afford support for said arm, it is
rigidly attached to a sliding plate Re (Figure 16) which is located against the
outer face of the carriage end-plate, and is provided with a bearing aperture
which engages the said spindle R so that the sliding plate shall be moved with said
spindle. In order to maintain the said plate Re constantly in the same position
with respect to the feeding lever and other working parts, said lever is provided
with a slot which is engaged by a stud secured in the end plate E¹, and which
slides in said slot as the plate is moved. The arm R is connected at its outer end
with the plate Re by means of a transversely bent part 5 (Figure 16) which supports
the arm at some distance from and parallel with the plate R. The outer end of
said arm is provided with an eye or bearing aperture which engages the spindle R
outside of the ratchet wheel S (Figures 8, 11, and 15). Said arm is also provided
with an outwardly extended or off-set part to the inner face of which the
movable stop s is pivoted. The transverse parts which join the said off-set part
with the body of the arm form stops for limiting the swing of the pivoted, half
space stop in both directions, and the lower edge of the transverse part nearest the
27

page_text: spindle also forms the shoulder which constitutes the stop for the feeding
lever when a double space is desired. The feeding lever S' is shown as attached
to a sleeve a, which surrounds the spindle R and extends outwardly therefrom for
some distance to afford an extended bearing for the said lever on the shaft, adapted
to withstand the outward pressure of the actuating cam S on the extremity of said
feeding lever. A brace extends from the end of said feeding lever to the outer
end of said sleeve (Figure 15). The actuating spring S of the feeding lever is
conveniently arranged to surround the sleeve, the outer end of said spring being
attached to the outer end of the brace and the inner end of said spring being
attached to the arm R, by insertion in a hole in the off-set part of said arm, as
clearly shown in Figure 11. A part of the spindle R exterior to the end plate is
preferably made of a separate short shaft to which the knob R¹ is attached.
Said shaft is shown as attached to the outer end of the main part of the
spindle R by means of a screw or other joint located outside of the sleeve
(Figure 15). The usual spring pawl S is provided for holding the platen spring
from turning, said pawl being shown as provided with an anti-friction roller,
which enters the spaces between the teeth of the gear wheel, so as to hold the
same from turning except under a pressure sufficient to flex the spring of the pawl
and allow the wheel to ride over the intervening teeth. Said pawl S is shown as
attached at its outer end to the transversely bent part of the arm R.
In order to enable the platen and the paper thereon to be turned or adjusted
independently of the line-feeding devices, I propose to connect the ratchet wheel
with the spindle R by means of a frictional connecting device or yielding
connection adapted to allow the spindle R to be turned relatively to the said
ratchet wheel. To this end, the wheel S consists of two parts, namely, an inner
part S which is rigidly attached to the spindle R, aud an outer annular part S
which surrounds the inner part; said outer and inner parts having conical contact
surfaces (Figures 7 and 15). The said conical contact surfaces are held in
frictional contact by means of a flat spring S8, which is secured by screws or other-
wise to the central part S and is provided with arms S', which overlap and bear
against the outer part S'; which latter is provided with a raised flange or rim
(Figure 7) against which the ends of the spring rest and bear.
I have provided a locking device to hold the spring pawl S positively engaged
with the ratchet wheel, and thereby hold the same from turning, when it is desired
to rotate the platen for adjusting the paper. For this purpose a swinging detent
arm S10 (Figures 9 and 18) is pivoted on the spindle R, outside of and adjacent to
the wheel S, and said arm is provided with a locking lug S", (Figure 11) adapted
to engage the free end of the pawl S and lock the latter from outward movement
when engaged with the wheel S. As herein shown the said locking lug is adapted
to engage the end of the pivot s of the roller, which pivot is constructed to
project from the side of the pawl in position for engagement with said lug. The
detent arm S is shown as provided with an outwardly extending finger piece S
by which it may be more conveniently actuated, and also with a guide arm Su
which extends from the upper margin of the detent arm over and outside of the
arm R so as to hold and guide the detent arm in a vertical plane when it is swung
or moved. The platen shifting devices above described are of obvious advantage,
inasmuch as they enable the paper to be easily moved or shifted, by turning the
platen, so as to locate the line of printing or individual letters (as in making
corrections in previously printed matter) exactly at the desired point on the paper.
For so shifting the paper, the detent arm S10 is lifted with the left hand to lock
the pawl S in the wheel S and the platen is then turned by the right hand applied
to the knob on the platen spindle.
Now referring to the devices shown for actuating the sliding cam S* which gives
motion to the line feed devices hereinbefore described, said cam is attached to an
endwise movable rod S" (Figures 4, 5, 12 and 14) mounted in guide lugs E E
which project rearwardly from the rack bar E' and herein shown as formed by
integral, outwardly bent lugs on the ends of the plate E (Figures 5 and 12). The

page_text: rod S is held normally in its retracted position by means of a coiled spring S
located between the lug E' and a collar, s", attached to said rod. A second
spring S is also placed upon said rod between said collar and a second sliding
collar located on the rod S, in position to engage the inner face of the right
hand bearing lug, Es; said spring S and sliding collars together forming an
elastic stop or buffer for limiting the inward or backward movement of the rod S¹
under the action of the spring S". The rod S" is actuated by the contact of its
rear, or right hand end, with a suitable stop on the carriage supporting frame,
which stop, inasmuch as it acts to limit the rearward movement of the carriage in
returning to its starting point, serves also as a margin stop for the carriage, by
which the width of the margin left on the sheet in printing is determined. As
an improved construction in such margin stop, the same is constructed as
follows:-
A sliding block T, is mounted on the right hand end of the guide-har F, as seen
in Figures 20, 21, 22 and 23. Said block is held upon the said guide bar by
means of a U-shaped clip or slide T', which embraces the top, bottom and front
sides of the guide-bar, and is pivoted to the said block T, which is located at the
rear face of the bar, by means of a vertical pivot pin, t, which is inserted through
the block at the left hand side of the same (Figure 21). At the opposite side or
right hand end of the block is located a holding pin, t', (Figure 23) which is
adapted to engage either one of a series of holes in the bar. The said pin is
inserted in and released from the said holes by swinging the block T on the pivot t.
A spring secured in the block and bearing against the hotton of the groove F
of the guide bar, tends to hold the pin in engagement with the recesses therein.
The rod S is arranged to pass freely over the block T, and mounted in the said
block is a movable detent T2 which is arranged to be moved laterally into and out
of the path of the pawl of the rod S. Said detent, as shown, consists of a flat
plate inserted in a slot formed transversely in the block T and mounted on a pivot
pin inserted through the lower part of the block, the upper end of the detent
standing in position to engage the end of the rod unless said detent shall be
especially moved to shift it out of the way of said rod. As a simple and convenient
construction, I have provided said detent T2 with a weighted and bent arm, t
which extends forwardly beneath the guide-bar T and which tends to hold the
upper end of the detent in position to engage the said rod; a suitable stop to being
provided to limit the inward movement of the detent under the weight of said
arm t¹. When it is desired to throw the detent out of operative position, it is
merely necessary to lift the weighted arm t by the hand, when the rod S₁₁ will
pass the detent without striking the same. When the said detent is thrown out
of action, a stop for the carriage is provided by means of a projecting pin or
stud T, on the block T, which is located in position for engagement with the
bearing lug E7 on the carriage.
A forwardly projecting cam arm E on the carriage frame serves to throw
outwardly the detent Tout of the path of the rod S after the sliding cam has
been moved to turn the platen so as to allow the said rod and the cam to be
restored to its rearward position by the action of the spring S and to permit the
platen feeding arm S' to also return to its rearward position before the carriage
reaches the extreme limit of its movement. The said feeding arm and sliding arm
are thus operated, to turn the platen for the line feed, by the act of returning the
carriage to its starting point, so that no movement of the platen actuating devices
takes place in the subsequent forward movement of the carriage under the action
of the carriage actuating spring, and the forward movement of the carriage is in
no way affected by the expansion of the spring S¹º.
In connection with the platen E, is employed a feed-roll U, (Figures 4, 10, 11
and 12) which is mounted on a shaft or spindle U, which extends beyond the end
plates of the carriage frame and is provided with a pinion w intermeshing with a
gear wheel Us on the platen spindle R. The shaft U is mounted in the ends of
the arms u¹ u attached to a supporting strip Us which extends across the front of

page_text: the carriage and is pivotally supported at its ends in the end plates E' of the
carriage frame by means of pivot pins or projections a³ on the ends of the strip U.
A spring or springs u³ are applied to act upon said strip Us so as to turn the same
in a direction to carry the feed-roll toward the surface of the platen. Said spring u³
is herein shown as made of coiled forn and arranged to surround the pivots a of
said strip U. The said strip Us is shown as constructed to form the scale by
which to determine the position of the point at which the types atrike in printing.
When the feed roller is shifted rearwardly out of its operative position for the
purpose of inserting the paper in the carriage; the gear wheel U becomes
disengaged from the gear pinion u, but is re-engaged therewith when the platen
is restored to its operative position. The end plates of the carriage are arranged
to forma stops for contact with the shaft U₁, to limit the inward or rearward
movement of the feed roller under the action of the springs u; said feed roller
being moved a short distance so that its shaft will be out of contact with said end
plates, when the platen is brought against the feed roll in restoring it to its working
position.
With respect to the means used on the paper carriage for guiding the paper
during its insertion, and at other times, the machine shown is provided with devices
as follows: E" (Figure 12) is the upper and E" the lower paper guide, both made
of sheet metal in the usual manner. The lower paper guide is supported at its
forward end by attachment to a longitudinal rude, located adjacent to the rear
edge of the rack bar E. Said rode also affords pivotal support for supporting
arms which are located near opposite ends of the platen and which carry,
adjacent to the front surface of the platen, pressure rollers e, which are mounted
on a shaft e having bearings at its ends in eyes e7 on the arms e. Said shaft e
engages at its end an intermediate arm es which is also mounted to turn on the
rude, and a spring coiled about the rod and engaging the said arme operates
to turn said arm in a direction to carry the rollers e, toward the surface of the
platen. Attached to the arms are tilting paper guides which, when the
platen is at the rearward limit of its movement rest, at their free ends in contact
with the lowor paper guide E"; the said paper guides at such time being in
position to guide the entering edge of the paper around the platen and past the
adjacent parts.
V, V (Figures 1, 3, and 25) are the ribbon spools which are mounted on upright
shafts located on the type-bar supporting frames D outside of the type bars;
said spools being so arranged that the ribbon extends over the platen and through
the several loop-shaped type bars. The inclined supports D' are forked at their
lower ends to afford space for the passage of the ribbon, as clearly seen in
Figure 2.
Secured to each spool V, below the same, is a gear wheel V' which is adapted for
engagement with a gear pinion v on a shaft V. The lower end of the shaft V2 is
mounted in a step or bearing in the base plate A, while its upper end is adapte for
insertion in either one of two bearing notches 2 v3 formed in the plate D. Said step
or bearing V (Figure 42) is so shaped as to afford universal lateral movement in
the upper end of the shaft V2. The said notches are so arranged that when the
upper end of the shaft is placed in one notch it will be engagel with the gear
wheel, but when placed in the other notch it will be free from said gear wheel.
Said bearing notches are held closed by means of a spring strip (Figures 15
and 43) which is conveniently formed by means of a single strip of spring metal
secured at one end of the plate D, and which is held or guided in its movement
by means of a stud v (Figure 42) provided with a head which forms a stop to
limit the outward movement of the free end of said spring strip. Both of the ribbon
spools are provided with similar driving connections and it follows that the two
driving shaits V2 may both be shifted at the same time, one into and the other out
of engagement with its corresponding spool, so that the direction of the motion
of the ribbon may be easily and quickly reversed as soon as one spool is filled.
and the other empty.

page_text: For actuating the shaft V2 I provide a simple pawl and ratchet device consisting
of a ratchet wheel V, located at the lower ends of the said shaft (Figures 3
and 24) and having upwardly facing teeth. Upon the frame standards D' are
located bell crank levers V having depending arms connected at their lower ends
with pawls, the free ends of which rest on and are adapted to engage the ratchet
wheels V. The horizontal arms of said bell crank levers extend forward and
engage the ends of the spacing bar O (Figure 1) so that upon the depression
of each key lever, the said pawl will be operated and the shafts V thereby
turned.
•
The said ribbon spools V, illustrated, contain improved features of construction
as follows: Each of said spools consists of a central barrel and two heads or
ends. The barrel part V of the spool (Figure 34) is made of a piece of sheet
metal having parallel edges and the heads or ends V (Figure 35) are provided
with annularly arranged perforations V8, through which prongs on the barrel
part are adapted to extend. When the piece of sheet metal forming the barrel
is bent into cylindric form, the said prongs v are inserted through said apertures
(Figure 44) and then bent down against the outer surface of the heads to secure
the latter to the barrel. In order to provide means for fastening the ends of the
ribbon to a barrel, made as described, I provide the strip which forms the barrel
with a pointed or V-shaped projection (Figures 34 and 45) arranged to extend
opposite an opening or notch to cut in the opposite end of the strip and forming a
free projection or spur over which the end of the ribbon may be booked; the
end of the spur being bent down into the notch to hold the ribbon against
.detachment.
The gear wheels V' as shown and preferably constructed are mounted loosely on
the shafts v, v, above the plates D, and are adapted for detachable connection
with the ribbon spool by means of studs in the upper surfaces of the wheels,
which euter correspondingly located holes v2 (Figure 35) in the lower heads or
discs of the spools. The spools rest by gravity on the gear wheels, felt washers vla
(Figure 24) being preferably placed between the gears and spools to deaden the
sound. The studs vare shown as provided with milled heads (Figure 1) and they
conveniently have screw-threaded connection at their lower ends with the plates D
so that the spools may be easily removed and replaced by unscrewing the studs from
the said plates.
The inking ribbon is provided with guides adjacent to the printing point, which
guides are adapted to hold the ribbon adjacent to the paper at the time the
impression is made and are moved to throw or lift the ribbon away from the paper
and thus render visible the impression made after each letter is printed. For
actuating the said ribbon guides, I propose to employ a construction, shown in
Figures 24, 29 and 33, as follows: Pivoted to rigid supporting arms W W which
are attached to the shifting carriage frame, conveniently by means of a standard W¹
attached to the upturned forward end of the bar F, is a rock shaft W arranged
parallel with and above the platen and carrying two depending artns, wo wo connected
by a cross bar W' and to the lower ends of which are attached two ribbon guides
or loops w to one of which is arranged at either side of the printing point;
said loops being arranged to stand, when in working position, horizontally and
beneath the pivotal axis about which they swing. (Figure 33.) The said cross
bar is bent downwardly or deflected so as to come below the level of the type heads
as they strike downwardly on the platen. To give motion to the said rock shait
and the loops carried thereby the rock shaft is provided with a rigid arm w³ to
which is pivoted the upper end of a connecting rod W3 which is connected at its
lower end with a part which is actuated by all of the key levers of the machine, in
-the instance shown one of the bars O³ attached to the space-bar O, so that the rock
shaft is moved and the ribbon guides oscillated each time an impression is made.
The loops ww, stand normally remote from the platen and are swung into position
adjacent to or over the same at the time the keys are depressed. The pivotal axis
of the loops or guides is so arranged with respect to the same and to the platen

page_text: that the loops stand normally in a position forward of the platen or at the side of
their pivotal axis adjacent to the operator and in an inclined or oblique direction
so that the ribbon stands edgewise to the line of vision as the operator looks
toward the platen on which the paper rests. By this arrangement of the ribbon
guides the ribbon is held in such position as to avoid obstruction to the vision at
all times, except when the impression is being made, while at the same time a very
short or slight movement of the ribbon guides is required to bring the ribbon into
its operative position.
On the rear frame bar E3 of the carriage is located an adjustable line stop
combined with a bell actuating stop which is constructed as follows: X (Figures 11
and 19) is a slide which is mounted on the said bar Es, and is provided with a
spring arm X extending longitudinally of the bar and carrying a stud a adapted
for engagement with either one of a series of holes a', formed in the top surface of
said bar E. Said slide X is provided at the rear side of the bar with a stop
projection X, which is adapted for contact with the standard H', by which the
supporting roller H for the rear of the carriage is supported. The said slide also
carries, below the bar, a pivoted beli-actuating stop X3, having the form of a bell
crank lever and provided with a depending arm which is adapted to engage the
upper end of a bell hammer lever Y, which is located in the path of said arm;
the horizontal arm being arranged to bear against the under surface of the bar E³,
so as to hold the lower arm rigid when the latter strikes the bell hammer lever in
the movement of the carriage from right to left, while permitting the said lower
arm to yield backwardly and pass over the said lever in the return movement of
the carriage. The bell-crank lever Y is shown as pivotally mounted on a
standard Y and as provided at its lower end with a hammer y adapted for contact
with a bell Y, attached to a horizontal supporting arm Y³, which is secured to a
bracket F3 on the rear part of the machine frame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a typewriter, looped or U-shaped type-bars of varying lengths, carrying
typeheads on their closed or looped ends, which type heads are heavier on the
shorter than on the longer bars and are graduated in weight according to the
lengths of the type-bars, substantially as described.
2. The combination with a carriage and a shifting frame for supporting the
same, of rocking standards for supporting said frame, said standards having curved
end bearing surfaces provided with longitudinal grooves, and flat sheet metal shoes,
the edges of which engage said grooves; said shoes having at their ends projecting
parts which engage the opposite ends of the bearing surfaces to hold the standards
from shifting on the shoes, substantially as described.
3. The combination with a paper carriage, of spacing mechanism comprising a
rack on the carriage, a shaft carrying a pinion adapted to engage said rack, and an
escape mechanism embracing an escape wheel which is mounted on the shaft at a
point remote from the pinion; the end of said shaft which carries the pinion being
constructed to swing toward and from the rack about an axis of oscillation adjacent
to the escape wheel, whereby the pinion may be engaged with and disengaged from
the rack without disconnecting the escape wheel from the other parts of the escape
mechanism, substantially as described.
4. The combination with a paper carriage, of a spacing mechanism comprising
a rack on the carriage, a revolving shaft carrying a pinion which engages the rack,
and an escape mechanism embracing an escape wheel which is mounted on the
shaft at a point remote from the pinion; the end of said shaft which carries the
pinion being movable toward and from the rack about an axis of oscillation
adjacent to the escape wheel, a spring acting on the shaft to throw the pinion
toward the rack and a releasing bar arranged to act on the shaft to release the
pinion from the rack, substantially as described.

page_text: 5. The combination with a paper-carriage, of a spacing mechanism, comprising
a rack on the carriage, a revolving shaft carrying a pinion which engages the
rack, and an escape mechanism embracing an escape wheel which is mounted on
the shaft at a point remote from the pinion; the end of said shaft which carries
the pinion being movable toward and from the rack about an axis of oscillation
adjacent to the escape wheel, and a releasing bar arranged parallel with the rack
and adapted to act on the said shaft to hold the same free from the rack, said shaft
being provided with an anti-friction roller adapted to engage the releasing-bar,
substantially as described.
6. The combination with a paper-carriage, of a spacing mechanism comprising a
rack on the carriage, a revolving shaft carrying a pinion which engages said rack
and an escape mechanism embracing an escape wheel which is mounted on the
shaft at a point remote from the pinion, the end of the shaft which carries said
pinion being movable toward and from the rack about an axis of oscillation adjacent
to the escape wheel, a releasing bar on the carriage, arranged to act on the shaft
to hold the pinion free from the rack and an actuating device for said releasing
bar, comprising an end wise sliding trip-rod mounted on the carriage, and a bell-
crank lever mounted on the carriage for transmitting motion from the trip-rod to
the said releasing bar, substantially as described.
7. The combination with a paper-carriage, of a horizontally movable shifting
frame for supporting said carriage, and a spacing mechanism comprising a rack on
the carriage, an upright shaft mounted on the shifting frame and provided with a
pinion at its upper end adapted to engage said rack, said upper end of the shaft
being movable toward and from the rack, an escape wheel on the lower end of the
shaft, an escapement lever mounted on the shifting frame so as to swing in a
vertical plane and provided with stiff and limber pawls which engage the escape
wheel, and a vertically movable spacing bar having slotted connection with the said
escapement lever permitting the escapement lever to retain its operative connection
with the spacing bar when moved with the shifting frame, substantially as
described.
8. The combination with a platen shaft, of a ratchet wheel thereon, consisting of
inner and outer parts having conical contact surfaces and a spring applied to hold
said surfaces in contact with each other, substantially as described.
9. The combination with a platen, a ratchet wheel and a holding pawl engaging
the ratchet wheel, of a frictional connection between the ratchet wheel and platen
and a locking detent adapted to engage said pawl for holding it positively in
engagement with the ratchet wheel, whereby the latter is held from turning,
substantially as described.
10. The combination with an end wise movable carriage and a revolving platen
thereon, of automatic line spacing mechanism, comprising a ratchet wheel on the
platen shaft, a sliding cam on the carriage, an oscillating feeding arm mounted on
the carriage, and a feed pawl pivoted to the arm and adapted to engage the
ratchet wheel and also to engage the said sliding cam, substantially as described.
11. The combination with an end wise movable paper carriage and a revolving
platen thereon, of automatic line spacing mechanism, comprising a ratchet wheel
on the platen shaft, a sliding cam on the carriage, an oscillating feeding arm which
is actuated by the sliding cam and carries a pawl which engages the ratchet
wheel, a stationary pawl stop on the carriage giving a maximum line space, and a
pivoted gravity actuated stop for giving a less extent of line feed, substantially as
described.
12. The combination with an end wise movable paper-carriage and a guide bar
for the same, of an automatic line spacing device, a sliding rod on the carriage for
actuating the same, and a stop for actuating said rod, comprising an adjustable
slide on the guide-bar, and a movable stop plate on said slide, adapted to actuate
the sliding rod, substantially as described.
13. The combination with a carriage guide-bar, of a margin stop comprising a
slide and a block pivoted to the slide and provided with a holding pin adapted to

page_text: engage one of a series of holes in the guide bar, said pin being located in the block
at a distance from the pivotal point of the same, so that it may be engaged with
and disengaged from the said guide bar by the swinging of said block on its pivot,
substantially as described.
14. The combination with an endwise movable carriage and a revolving platen
thereon, of automatic line-spacing mechanism comprising a ratchet wheel attached
to the platen, a sliding cam on the carriage, an oscillating feeding arm which is
actuated by the sliding cam, a spring actuating the cam, a stop on the carriage
movable into and out of position for engagement with the said cam, and a cam
plate on the carriage adapted to actuate said stop for releasing the cam plate
after the same has been actuated to turn the platen, substantially as described.
15. The combination with a paper-carriage and a platen movable upon the
carriage into and out of its operative position, of a feed roller the shaft of which
extends at its ends past the end plates of the carriage frame, yielding arms
affording bearings for the feed-roller shaft, a gear-wheel on the platen shaft outside
of the carriage frame, and a pinion on the feed-roller shaft adapted to intermesh
with said gear wheel; the ends of said feed-roller shaft being adapted for contact
with the carriage end plates so as to limit the inward movement of the feed-roller,
eubstantially as described.
16. The combination with the platen and space bars of a type-writing machine,
of pivotal supports above the platen, ribbon guides carried by said supports and
arranged to swing between the axis thereof and the center of the platen, and
connections between the pivotal supports and space bars, constructed and operating
to move the ribbon guides into alignment with and between the axial centers of
the platen and pivotal supports upon operation of said space bars, substantially as
described.
17. A ribbon feeding mechanism comprising a spool, a gear wheel connected with
the same and a driving shaft provided with a pinion adapted to intermesh with
said gear wheel, and having lateral movement at its end which carries the pinion
about an axis of oscillation located at a distance from said pinion, a bearing for
the end of the shaft adjacent to said gear-wheel, provided with two open bearing
notches or recesses at different distances from the gear wheel, in either of which
recesses the movable end of said shaft may be placed, and a spring actuated strip
or bar for holding the shaft in either of the said recesses, substantially as
described.
18. A ribbon spool for typewriters consisting of two heads, and a sheet metal
barrel attached thereto and formed of a flat strip of metal provided at one end with
a notch and at its opposite end with a projection, said strip being bent into
cylindric form with the projection on one end of the strip occupying the notch in
the other end thereof to form a ribbon holding device, substantially as described.
Dated this 16th day of June 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.