IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING, WASHING, CRUSHING, BRUISING, REDUCING, OR COMMINUTING VARIOUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Rehè, of Bayswater, near London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING,
WASHING, CRUSHING, BRUISING, REDUCING, OR COMMINUTING VARIOUS SUB-
STANCES."
Sealed the 25th August 1854, and dated the 28th February 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Rehè at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1854.
I, JOHN HENRY REHE, of Bayswater, near London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR MIXING, WASHING, CRUSHING. BRUISING, REDUCING, OR COMMINUTING VARIOUS
SUBSTANCES to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,
Firstly, of a cylindrical vessel, having a moving axle in its centre, to which
are attached or connected one or more springs or hinged levers, acted upon by
springs, the extreme surfaces whereof press against or rub the inner surfaces
of the cylindrical vessel; and a roller may be employed in lieu of or addition
to the above..
Secondly, this Invention consists of the use of two cylindrical vessels, one
being smaller & placed concentrically in the other. Each of these vessels has
[Price 8d.]

page_text: indentures all round, the one corresponding with the other, constituting a
series of double inclined planes, and the same arrangement of springs and
levers is used, and a beater is employed, which acts by percussion on the
substances placed in the vessel. These machines or apparatus may be employed
for a variety of purposes, viz., for mixing, washing, crushing, bruising, reducing
levigating, &c., and may be modified in various ways; the distinctive features
of my Invention being the use of springs or of hinged levers acted upon by
springs in such machines or apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Rehé in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th August 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY RENE, of Bayswater, near London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Henry Rehé, Her special licence that I, the said John
Henry Rehé, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Henry Rehé, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING, WASHING, CRUSHING,
REDUCING, OR COMMINUTING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Henry Rehé, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Rehé, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-

page_text: The machinery or apparatus herein-after described is intended to effect the
various operations of mixing, washing, crushing, and reducing substances.
The apparatus consists of a cylinder made of metal, or of wood lined with
sheet metal, or other suitable material, the interior of which is formed into a
series of angular projections. The beaters are rectangular or other shaped
pieces of metal, stone, stoneware, or other suitable material, secured to arms
which are fixed to a central rotating shaft. The arms to which the beaters are
attached are thin pieces of metal or other material, forming springs, in order
to give the beaters sufficient elasticity to pass freely over the inclined planes
formed by the angular projections upon the inner side of the cylinder. When
the shaft to which the beaters are fixed is put in motion, the beaters pass
rapidly over the apices of the inclined planes, and strike against the angle of
the succeeding incline; the substances placed within the cylinder to be
reduced are crushed by the blows of the beaters against the inclines, while the
agitation produced by the revolution of the beaters effects the operations of
mixing and washing.
In the Drawing accompanying this Specification two arrangements of the
machinery or apparatus are shewn. Fig. 1 is an elevation; Fig. 2, a section ;
Fig. 3, a plan of the machine; and Fig. 4, an elevation of the beaters shown
separately. A, A, is the cylinder or vessel for containing the substance to be
crushed or reduced. B, B,are the angular projections or serrations upon the
inner side of the cylinder. C is the central shaft to which the springs D, D,
are secured; the lower ends of the springs are made round, and form spindles
upon which the beaters rotate. E, E, are the beaters or hammers; these are
rectangular pieces of metal or other material, the faces of which may be
smooth or corrugated according to the nature of the substance to be commi-
nuted. The ends of the arms or springs D, D, are passed through an aperture
made in each of the beaters, which is secured in its place by a nut screwed on
to the arin, or by any other suitable mode of fastening. The upper part of the
shaft Cis fitted with a driving wheel, or fast and loose pulleys, bevel gear, or
other suitable means of communicating motion to the shaft or axle. An orifice
is made in the bottom or side of the cylinder and fitted with a plug or tap;
through this orifice the contents of the cylinder may be drawn off when
required. To triturate with this machine, a quantity of the substance to be
ground or comminuted is placed in the cylinder, either with or without water,
according to the nature of the work; the shaft or axle is put in motion, which
causes the beaters to pass rapidly over the angles upon the inner face of the
cylinder; as each beater leaves the apex of an angle it falls with a smart blow

page_text: upon the lower part of the next angle, reducing and triturating the particles of
the substance to be ground as they fall beneath the faces of the beaters, the
agitation of the material produced by the revolution of the springs and beaters
causing a continual change in the particles exposed to the action of the
beaters.
A modification of the foregoing arrangement is shewn in section and plan
by Figures 5 and 6; in this machine the springs which carry the beaters are
placed at right angles to the central shaft, instead of being in a line with it, as
in the foregoing. F, F, is a cylindrical vessel, the lower part of which is cor-
rugated or made with angular projections. G is the shaft or axle to which
the springs H, H, are secured. To the outer ends of the springs are fitted the
beaters I, which may be equal in length to the height of the corrugated sur-
face; the fitting each beater with a pair of springs admits of the beater being
made much longer, and consequently acts on a larger surface than the arrange.
ment shewn by Figs. 1 to 4. The beaters I may be either fixed to the
springs H, H, or made to rotate by a spindle, projecting from each end of the
beater, and passing through the ends of the springs, the ends being turned for
the purpose; but I prefer their being fixed to the springs, and not fitted to
rotate upon their axes. The springs are secured to the axle or shaft G by
a bolt or pin, which passes through the springs and through lugs projecting
from the shaft, to which they are fastened by nuts or other suitable means. In
this machine and that herein before described, the springs diverge from the
centre, so that when released from the cylinder, the circle formed by the outer
edges of the beaters is larger than the cylinder; the contraction of the springs,
when within the cylinder, causes the beaters to press with a certain degree of
force upon the corrugated sides; this pressure may be regulated by adjusting
the springs accordingly. The lower part of the cylindrical vessel F, F, to the
height of the corrugations may be made of cast iron, and the upper part of
wood lined with sheet iron, or in some cases the cylinder or basin may be of
stone ware or Wedgewood ware; the particular material must of course be
selected with due regard to the survice to which the machine is to be applied.
For some purposes it may be desirable to construct the machine with horizontal
corrugated surfaces instead of the perpendicular, as before described; this may
be done by having troughs or basins made with broad edges, the surfaces
of which are corrugated, or formed into angular projections, as before, the
beaters being fitted to work at right angles to the central shaft or axle.
Beaters of a cylindrical shape may also be used, and in some cases made to
roll over plane or corrugated surfaces. Alever action, induced by weights or

page_text: levers and springs, may also be used instead of the springs, for actuating the
beaters. The machinery or apparatus herein described is more particularly
applicable to crushing macerated rice, pulping potatoes, and various similar
useful purposes.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to
the form or precise arrangements of the several parts of the machinery or
apparatus herein-before described and shewn, so long as the particular features
of my Invention be adhered to. But what I claim and desire to secure by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
The machinery or apparatus for mixing, washing, crushing, and reducing,
substantially as herein described and shewn, or any mere modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Rehé, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.