Improvements in Looms for Weaving, which
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 30th May, 1892-Accepted, 2nd July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving, in which certain Healds are
caused to perform operations distinct from those performed by
the other Healds employed in such Looms, which Improvements
are particularly applicable to certain Looms for Weaving
the Cloths or Fabrios known as "Terries or Pile Woven
Fabrios."
"
66
1 MATTHEW DICKIE, Junior of Park Mill, Stockport in the County of
Chester, Cotton Doubler, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to looms for weaving in which certain healds are caused
to perform operations distinct from those performed by the other healds
employed in such looms and particularly to looms for weaving wide cloths or
fabrics of the kind known as "terries" or "pile woven fabrics."
My invention consists in arrangements of apparatus which enable the effects
produced by the operation of those healds which perform operations distinct from
those performed by the other healds to be so varied without the use of cards or
loose pegs that designs, or patterns may be produced by the action of such healds,
in the cloth or fabric woven.
""
*
As applied to looms for weaving wide cloths or fabrics of the kind known as
"terries
or "pile woven fabrics my invention consists in arrangements of
apparatus by means of which without cards or loose pegs being employed the
warp threads forming the "pile" or terry" surfaces of the cloths or fabrics may
be caused to appear sometimes at the "face" of the cloths or fabrics and sometimes
at the "back" of the cloths or fabrics in such manner that changes in the colour
or character of the "pile" or "terry" surfaces of the cloths or fabrics woven may
be produced.
For convenience I will describe my invention as applied to a loom for weaving
cloths or fabrics of the kind known as "terries or "pile woven fabrics."
"
"
According to my invention I provide a hook or part which may by being
moved by any suitable part of the loom, be caused to engage with or act
directly or by means of suitable connecting parts upon one or other of the healds
by which the warp threads to form the "terry or "pile" surfaces of the cloth
being woven are operated and by means of a suitable pattern-chain receiving motion
from any suitable part of the loom, I cause the hook or part above mentioned to
act as may be desirable from time to time upon one or other of the healds operating
the warp threads of which the "pile" or "terry "surfaces of the cloth are to be
formed. The hook or part above described may receive motion from a cam,
tappet, or crank upon the crank-shaft of the loom or from a cam, tappet or
crank upon the tappet-shaft of the loom, but I prefer that such hook or part
shall receive motion from a cam, tappet or crank upon a shaft receiving motion
from the crank-shaft or tappet-shaft of the loom and caused to revolve at a speed
such that the said hook or part will make a complete movement during each
revolution of the crank-shaft of the loom. In order to cause the said hook or part
to act upon one or other of the healds in conjunction with which it is employed I
provide a pattern-chain which I cause to receive motion from any suitable part of
the loom and cause to so imove either the said hook or part or the healds in con-
junction with which such hook or part is employed or parts connected to the said
healds that one or other of such healds will, if need be, be moved in each complete
movement of the hook or part above mentioned.
The pattern-chain aforesaid may conveniently be caused to act upon the said
hook or part or the said healds or the parts connected thereto by means of a bowl

page_text: or roller mounted upon a lever or arm transmitting motion in any suitable manner
to a suitable shaft provided with an arm which may be connected to or arranged to
act upon the hook or part aforesaid or upon the healds above mentioned or the
parts connected thereto.
In order that the healds may be caused to remain in the position in which they
are placed by the action of the hook or part aforesaid when by its further movement
the said hook or part ceases to hold the said healds in such position I provide
suitable catches which are moved by means of the pattern,chain aforesaid or other
suitable means into position to hold the healds in the required position and to
release such healds when required. .
"
"
or
By means of the apparatus above described and by employing a pattern-chain
arranged in a suitable manner I am enabled not only to form into "terry
"pile" the warp-threads to be employed in the formation of the "terry" or "pile
surfaces" of the cloth or fabric, but also to cause such warp-threads to be formed
into "terry or "pile" loops at either surface of the cloth or fabric as may be
desired and so to produce patterns or designs in the "terry or "pile" surfaces of
the said cloth or fabric which is impossible in the looms hitherto generally employed
in weaving "terry" or "pile woven fabrics" of great width.
By employing two or more hooks or parts and two or more pairs or sets of healds
and two or more sets of other parts arranged and operating in a manner similar to
those above described I am enabled to produce terry ог pile-woven fabrics"
66
"
in which designs of great variety may be caused to appear in the "
surfaces.
9941
terry or "pile"
Although I have above described my invention as applied to a loom for weaving
the cloths or woven fabrics known as "terries or "pile-woven fabrics" I would
have it understood that my invention is applicable to other looms in which the
pattern upon the "face or "back" of the cloth or fabric woven is produced
partially or entirely by certain warp-threads being caused to appear at times;at or
through the "face Ol' "back" of the cloth or fabric.
5,
"
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of August 1891.
HOWARD
CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving, in which certain Healds are
caused to perform operations distinct from those performed by
the other Healds employed in such Looms, which Improvements
are particularly applicable to certain Looms for Weaving
the Cloths 'or Fabrics known as "Terries" or "Pile Woven
Fabrics."
I MATTHEW DICKIE, Junior, of Park Mill, Stockport in the County of Chester,
Cotton Doubler, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :---
My invention relates to looms for weaving in which certain healds are caused to
perform operations distinct from those performed by the other healds employed in
such. looms and particularly to looms for weaving wide cloths or fabrics of the kind
known as 66
or "pile woven fabrics."
"
terries
T
HAND
My invention consists in arrangements of apparatus which enable the effects
produced by the operation of those healds which perform operations distinct from
those performed by the other healds to be so varied without the use of cards or
loose pegs that designs, or patterns may be produced by the action of such healde,
in the cloth or fabric woven.
J
11
As applied to loous for weaving wide cloths or fabrics of the kind known as
terries or "pile woven fabrics ""my invention consists in arrangements of

page_text: apparatus by means of which without cards or loose pegs being employed the
warp-throads forming the "pile" or "terry" surfaces of the cloths or fabrics may
be caused to appear sometimes at the "face" of the cloths or fabrics and sometimes
at the "back" of the cloths or fabrics in such manner that changes in the colour
or character of the "pile" or "terry" surfaces of the cloths or fabrics woven
may be produced.
65
For convenience I will describe my invention as applied to a loom for weaving
cloths or fabrics of the kind known as "tegries" or "pile woven fabrics."
According to my invention I provide a. hook or part which may by being moved
by any suitable part of the loom be caused to engage with or act directly or
by means of suitable connecting parts upon one or other of the healds by which
the warp-threads to form the terry or pile" surfaces of the cloth being
woven are operated and by means of a suitable pattern-chain receiving motion
from any suitable part of the loom, I cause the hook or part above mentioned
to act as may be desirable from time to time upon one or other of the healds
operating, the warp-threads of which the "pile" or "terry" of the cloth is to
be formed. The hook or part above described may receive motion from a cam,
tappet or crank upon the crank shaft of the loom or from a cam, tappet or
crank upon the tappet shaft of the loom but 1 prefer that such hook or part
shall receive motion from a cam, tappet or crank upon a shaft receiving motion
from the crank-shaft or tappet shaft of the loom and caused to revolve at a
speed such that the said hook or part will make a complete movement during
each revolution of the crank-shaft of the loom. In order to cause the said hook
or part to act upon one or other of the healds in conjunction with which it is
employed I provide a pattern-chain which I cause to receive motion from any
suitable part of the loom and so move either the said hook or part or the healds in
conjunction with which such hook or part is employed or parts connected to the said
healds that one or other of such healds will, if need be, be moved in each complete
movement of the hook or part above mentioned.
The pattern-chain aforesaid may conveniently be caused to act upon the said
book or part or the said healds or the parts connected thereto by means of a bowl
or roller mounted upon a lever or arm transmitting motion in any suitable manner
to a suitable shaft provided with an arm which may be connected to or arranged
to act upon the hook or part aforesaid.
In order that the healds may be caused to remain in the position in which they
are placed by the action of the hook or part aforesaid when by its further movement
the said hook or part ceases to hold the said healds in such position I provide
suitable catches which are moved by means of the pattern-chain aforesaid or other
suitable means into position to hold the healds in the required position and to release
such healds when required.
66
"
"
or
By means of the apparatus above described and by employing a pattern-chain
arranged in a suitable manner I am enabled not only to form into "terry
'pile" the warp-threads to be employed in the formation of the "terry or "pile
surfaces" of the cloth or fabric but also to cause such warp-threads to be formed
into "terry or "pile" loops at either surface of the cloth or fabric as may be
desired and so produce patterns or designs in the "terry or "pile" surfaces of
the said cloth or fabric which is impossible in the looms hitherto generally
employed in weaving "terry ог pile woven fabrics" of great width.
"
"
*
"
"
By employing two or more hooks or parts and two or more pairs or sets of
healds and two or more sets of other parts arranged and operating in a manner
similar to tlint above described I am enabled to produce terry or "pilo
woven fabrics in which designs of great variety may be caused to appear in the
"terry" or "pile" Burfaces.
13
"
Although I have above described my invention as applied to a loom for weaving
the cloths or woven fabrics known as "terries" or "pile woven fabrics I would
liave it understood that my invention is applicable to other looms in which the
patborn ipon the "face" or "back" of the cloth or fabric woven is produced'

page_text: partially or entirely by certain warp-threads being caused by the action of healds
to appear at times at or through the "face" or "back" of the cloth or fabric.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood I will now
proceed to further describe it in reference to the accompanying drawing, in which
Fig. is an end view of so much of a loom for weaving "terrics
"pile
woven fabrics as is necessary to illustrate the manner in which my invention is
employed,
"
"
or.
Fig. 2 is an end view of certain parts shown detached for convenience of
illustration and
Figs. 3, and 4, are respectively an end view and a front view of the catches
which I employ shown detached.
In the accompanying drawing (a) and (b) are bars connected by cords (c) to
the healds by means of which the requisite movements of the warp-threads
-employed to form the terry surfaces of the fabric being woven, are effected.
One heald or two or more healds as may be desirable according to the number of
the warp-threades employed may be connected to each of the bars (a) and (b).
(d) is a hook formed with two hooked parts (d) and (d²) and mounted so as to
be capable of turning upon a stud (e) secured in one end of a lever (e) which
is mounted upon a rod or shaft (f) supported in any suitable manner in the
loom. Upon the lever (e) which is provided with a weight (y) tending to turn
such lever in the direction indicated by the arrow (A) is mounted a bowl (h)
against which acts the circumference of a cam (k), mounted upon a shaft (¹)
supported in any suitable manner and receiving motion by means of wheels (m)
and (n) from the tappet shaft (o) of the loom. A spring connected at one end to
the lever (e) and at the other end to any suitable part and tending to turn the 2
lever (e) in the direction indicated by the arrow (A) may be employed in addition
to or instead of the weight (g). The directions in which the shafts (4) and (0)
revolve are indicated by the arrows placed adjacent to such shafts. The action
of the cam (4) and that of the weight (g) cause the hook (d) to be moved
downwards and upwards. The wheels (m) and (n) are so proportioned that a 3
complete revolution of the cam (k) and a complete cycle of movements of the
hook (d) will be performed during each revolution of the crank-shaft of the loom
which crank-shaft is for convenience omitted from the accompanying drawing.
The book (d) is embraced by a hook (p) mounted fast upon the upper end of
an arm (r) mounted fast upon a shaft (s) mounted in suitable bearings formed or
secured on convenient parts of the framework of the loom. An arm (t) mounted
fast upon the shaft (s) is connected by means of a connecting rod (u) with n
lever () capable of being oscillated upon a pivot (1) secured to any suitable
part of the framework the loom. Upon a stud (2) secured in the lever (v) is
mounted a bowl (y) which rests upon a chain (a) passing around a barrel (1), 1
which is revolved by means of a noggin wheel (2) mounted upon the tappet
shaft (o) and gearing into or engaging with a star wheel (3) to which the barrel (1),
is secured. Part of the star wheel (3), is omitted in order to avoid confusion in
the drawing. The barrel 1, is so moved that the link of the chain (z) presented
to the bowl (y) is changed at each revolution of the crank shaft of the loom. 4
The chain (2) is as is indicated in Fig. 1 provided with links of two heights.
When one of the higher links (4) of the chain (2) is brought beneath the bowl (y)
the lever (r) is raised into the position in which it is indicated in Fig. 1, aud when
one of the lower links 5, of the chain () is brought beneath the bowl (y) the
lever () is allowed to descend to a position lower than that in which it is indicated 5
in Fig. 1. To ensure that the lever (r) shall descend when required a spring (6)
tending to turn the lever (v) in the direction indicated by the arrow B, is connected
at one end to the lever () and at the other end to any suitable part of the loom.
or to the floor, upon which such loom is placed. From an inspection of the
accompanying drawing it will be-apparent that when one of the higher links 4, of 5
the chain () has been brought beneath the bowl (y) the lever (v) will have been
raised and cansed the hook (d') to project over the bar (a) so that when the

page_text: "
cam () causes the hook (d) to descend, the bar (a) will be depressed so that the
heald or healds to which it is connected will be depressed while at the same time
that or those to which the bar (b) is connected will be raised. In a similar manner
when one of the lower links 5, of the chain, has been brought beneath the
bowl (y) the lever (v) will have been allowed to descend and cause the hook (d')
to project over the har (b) so that when the cam (k) causes the hook (d) to descend.
the bar (b) will be depressed so that the heald or healds to which it is connected
will be depressed while at the same time the heald or healds to which the bar (a)
is connected will be raised. It is thus evident that by a suitable succession of high
links 4, and low links 5, being arranged in the chainz, patterns may be produced
in the "terry" or 66
pile on both surfaces of the-cloth woven. The chain ()
which is shown detached in Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawing is arranged for
the production of a terry or pile woven fabric in which the warp-threads passing
through the heald or healds to which the bar (a) is connected are required to form
terry loops upon the upper surface of the cloth being woven during nine revolutions
of the crank-shaft of the loom while the warp-threads passing through the heald
or healds connected to the bar (b) are being formed into terry loops upon the lower
surface of the cloth, and then the warp-threads passing through the heald or healds
to which the bar (a) is connected are required to be formed into terry loops at
the lower face of the said cloth during nine revolutions of the crank shaft of the
loom while the warp-threads. passing through the heald or healds connected to
the bar (6) are being formed into terry loops at the upper face of the cloth being
woven.
"
The loom for weaving terries or "pile woven fabrica" to which my invention is
applied may be of any suitable construction in so far as the arrangements for
weaving the body of the cloth being produced and the arrangements for effecting
the intermittent beating up of the weft which results in the formation of the terry
loops are concerned. In order that on the raising of the hook (d) the strain to
which the " terry or "pile" warp-threads are subjected, may not move the healds
through which such warp-threads pass so as to interfere with the "shed" which
such warp-threads are required to formn I mount fast upon the shaft (s) an arm (7)
which by means of a connecting rod (8) is connected to a lever (9) mounted upon
a pivot (10), secured in any suitable part of the loom. On the arm (9) are secured
spring-catches (11), (12). The catch (11), is arranged to act in conjunction with
the bar (a) in such manner that whenever the bar (a) descends and strikes the
inclined upper face of the catch (11), such catch (11), will yield and after the
bar (a) has descended far enough to allow the point of the catch (11) to pass over
such bar (a) the said catch (11), will hold the bar (a) in its depressed position
until by the movement of the lever (v) the bar (a) is released. In a similar manner
the catch (12) is arranged to act in conjunction with the bar (b) and retain it when
it is depressed by the hook (u) until the movement of the lever (v) causes such
bar (b) to be released: The arm (9) upon which the catches (11), (12) are mounted
being actuated by the arm (7), mounted fast upon the shafts, the catches (11), (12)
will always be moved in accordance with the movements of the hook (d).
The apparatus in which my invention consists may be applied to the loom in
which it is employed at any suitable position in the width of the loom but I prefer
that the book (d) and catches (11), (12), shall be placed so that they will act
upon the bars (a), (b) in a position about midway in the width of the healds to
which such bars (a), (b) are connected. The bars (a), (b) being conveniently
formed of wood, I place metal protecting plates (a), (b), upon the upper, inner
and lower surfaces of the bars (a), (b) in order that such bars (a), (b) may not be
injured by the hook (d) and catches (11), (12). It will be obvious that the
hook () and catches (11), (12) may be arranged to act directly upon the bottom
bars of the healds instead of upon the bars (a), (b) connected to such healds. In
order that the two healds or pairs or sets of healds through which the warp-threads
to form the "terry" or "pile" of the fabric being woven may always be kept in
proper position in regard to each other such healds are connected both above and

page_text: Delow by means of straps which pass around pulleys mounted in any suitable parts
of the loom.
It is obvious that by my invention it is very easy to cause the warp-threads
employed to form the terry loops to be formed into terry loops at either side of
the cloth as may be desired and thus to cause variations in the colour or character
of the loops of terry to be produced on both sides of the cloth being woven. If
two or more sets of bars (a), (b) hooks (d) and catches (11), (12), and the necessary
means for operating them in a manner similar to that in which those above
described are opérated, be employed in one loom it is possible to produce a great
variety of changes in the colour or character of the terry loops formed on both
sides of the cloth being woven. My invention by avoiding the necessity for the
use of cards or loose pegs and other appliances liable to damage renders it possible
to produce readily and cheaply "terries" or "pile woven fabrics" of great width
in which variations in the colour or character of the terry or pile loops occur at aný
desired intervals in the length of such fabrics.
my,
As I have above mentioned although my invention is intended to be applied in
weaving the cloths or fabrics known as "terries" or "pile woven fabrics"
invention is also applicable to other looms in which the pattern upon the "face
or "back" of the cloth or fabric woven is produced partially or entirely by certain
warp-threads, operated by special healds being caused by the action of such
healds to appear at the desired times at or through either the "face or "back"
of the cloth or fabric.
"
"
In further explanation of the references made above, to looms in which certain.
healds are caused to perform operations distinct from those performed by the other
healds employed in such looms I would say that in the case of a loom for weaving
"terries or "pile woven fabrics" I should, as is apparent from the preceding
description of my invention consider the healds by which the warp-threads
employed to form the terry-loops to be those which perform operations distinct
from those performed by the other healds employed in such loom.
Having fully described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a loom for weaving in which certain healds are caused to perform
operations distinct from those performed by the other healds employed in such
looms the herein before described arrangements of apparatus by means of which
the effects produced by the operation of those healds which perform operations
distinct from those performed by the other healds may be so varied that designs
or patterns may be produced by the action of such healds in the cloth or fabric
woven, which arrangements of apparatus are constructed and employed and operate
substantially in the manner hereinbefore described.
2. In looms for weaving in which certain healds are caused to perform operations
distinct from those performed by the other healds employed in such looms a hook
such as (d), caused to ascend and descend and moved from side to side by means
of a pattern-chain such as (2) and so caused to operate on one or other of two
healds or pairs or sets of healds in the manner necessary substantially in the manner
hereinbefore described.
3. In a loom for weaving in which certain healds are caused to perform
operations distinct from those performed by the other healds employed in such
looms catches such as (11) and (12) moved from side to side in the required
manner by means of a pattern-chain such as (2) and so caused to engage directly
or indirectly with one or other of two, healds or pairs or sets of healds in the manner
necessary, substantially in the manner hereinbefore described.
4. In a loom for weaving in which certain healds are caused to perform operations
distinct from thoso performed by the other healds employed in such looms the
combination of a hook such as (d) caused to ascend and descend and moved from
side to side in the required manner by means of a pattern chain such as (2) and
.

page_text: 5
catches such as (14) and (12) moved from side to side in the required manner by
means of a pattern-chain such as (*) and operating in conjunction with one or other
of two healds or pairs or sets of healds in the manner necessary for the purposes and
substantially in the manner hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of May 1892.
'
HOWARD CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.