A Rectangular Oven or Kiln for Firing Clay Goods in any Stage of Manufacture, or other Materials.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 15th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 28th Dec., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Rectangular Oven or Kiln for Firing Clay Goods in any Stage of
Manufacture, or other Materials.
JOIN ARNOLD FLEMING, Manufacturer of Pottery, Woodland Pottery
Tunstall, and EDWIN WOOLLAM 27 Clive Street Tunstall, Potters Manager do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
A rectangular oven or kiln fired with furnaces on one side only. The heat
gases etc. from these furnaces pass up "bags" or flues over the fires and through
Hlues under the bottom, which is heated thereby, to opposite side, and passing
through "bags" enter oven at opposite side from fires. There the heat naturally
ascends to top of oven, and may be released by a flue in top, which is controlled
by a damper. It can also be drawn down through the oven to the bottom, where
it escapes through pipes into flues or flue under the bottom which are controlled
s desired. These converge into one
separately or as one by dampers ör damper as
main flue and chimney.
i Lanuary 1895
A Rectangular Oven or Kiln for Firing Clay Goods in any Stage of
Manufacture, or other Materials.
We, JOHN ARNOLD FLEMING Woodburn, Rutherglen, Glasgow Lanarkshire,
Scotland, late of Woodland Pottery, Tunstall Earthenware Manufacturer, and
EDWIN WOOLLAM 11 Morley Street Tunstall late of 27 Olive Street, Tunstall,
Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, Potters Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
.
This our invention has reference to an improved construction of oven or kiln for
use in firing articles made of or from earthenware china, porcelain, marl or fire-
brick clay, biscuit or glost, the object of our said invention being to eliminate
smoke, economise fuel, labour and ground space, and to reduce loss by breakage.
In carrying this our invention into practice we make such kilns preferably
rectangular in plan view of any suitable size, with inner walls of firebrick, aud
outer walls of ordinary brickwork and arrange the several flues or passages with a
suitable damper or dampers, so that the heat from the several fire-mouths which
are erected on one side only of such improved kilns will be conducted through
bags," and through flues or passages beneath the floor of the oven or kiln to the
interior of the oven, and when firing or "baiting" the smoke generated may be
released into a chimney or cone, and by closing the updraught orifices in the crown
of such ovens by dampers or covers, and regulating a suitable damper or dampers
fitted in a flue or flues beneath the oven bottom the heat will be drawn downwards
between the piles or "bungs" of seggars containing the ware which is being fired,
66
1.ity
**

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a kiln constructed according
to our invention taken through the lines - on Figures 2 and 3 looking in the
direction indicated by arrows y.
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional elevation of the kiln shewn at Figure 1, taken
on the line v―v looking in the direction indicated by arrow w.
Figure 24 is an elevation of a part of the external front portion or fire-mouth
wall of the kiln shewn at Figures 1 and 2 looking in the direction indicated by
arrow 2.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan view of Figure 1 taken through the line w-w.
As hereinbefore mentioned we erect such kilns with a lining or inner walls of
fire-brick a, and with outer walls of ordinary brick-work b. It will be understood
that when the entrances or entrance c to such kilns are clamped or closed, the
cooling holes d in the crown e closed, and the fuel in the fire-mouths flighted a
portion of the heat ascends through the several "bags" g nearest to and above the
said fire-mouths, and a portion of the heat passes through the several transverse
flues between fire-brick mid-feather walls i, and through the several holes or
apertures in the said mid-feather walls beneath the oven floor k so as to diffuse
such heat, and to the opposite side of the kiln up through the "bags" into the
oven, from the crown e of which ovens the smoke escapes through orifices m into a
suitable chimney or cone.
When desired the orifices m in the crowne of the oven may be closed by dampers
so as to prevent the escape of the generated gases through the said orifices m, and
the damper n in each flue o beneath the oven bottom regulated so that the heat
and gases generated in the oven will descend through flues p in the end fire-brick
walls, and through the holes or apertures q. in the oven floor k into the said flues o
through which flue or flues it passes into and through a main fluer into the lower
part of a chimney.
A sight-holes is formed or fitted in the front wall of such kilns above each fire-
mouth for use in inspecting the condition of the fire, and a metallic or other suitable
regulator t is fitted or fixed above each fire-mouth for controlling the supply of air
to the oven, and any suitable number of trial-holes u may be formed or made in
any convenient position in the walls of such kilns.
We
e preferably arrange and erect two or more of such improved kilns or ovens
so that the smoke and waste heat from same will be conducted from same through
suitable flues into a single smoke stack or chimney.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is ;
1st. The construction and erection of kilns or ovens of any suitable size, prefer-
ably rectangular in plan view for use in firing articles made of or from china,
earthenware, clay or porcelain, each kiln having any suitable number of fire-
mouths in one wall only, a suitably shaped fire-brick "bag" adjacent to each
fire-mouth and above the oven floor within the interior of such kilns, and on the
opposite side of such kilns, any suitable number of flues in the end walls, any
suitable number of transverse flues between fire-brick mid-feather walls beneath the
oven floor, with any suitable number of openings or apertures through such mid-
feather walls, circular or other shaped apertures through the oven floor and bottom

page_text: leading into a flue or flues beneath such oven bottom and which lead into a main
flue, and any suitable number of updraught flues and cooling flues formed in or
erected on the crown of such ovens arranged in the manner as herein substantially
described set forth and illustrated on the drawings hereto annexed.
2nd. The construction and erection of kilns or ovens of any suitable size
preferably rectangular in plan view for use in firing articles made of or from clay,
earthenware, china or porcelain, having their several fire-mouths, flues and "bags
arranged in the manner as herein substantially described set forth and illustrated
on the drawings hereto annexed.
Dated this 14th day of November 1895.
JOHN NEWTON,
Longport, Staffs, Agent for Applicants.