matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULTIPLE DRILLING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Buckton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1864.
I, JOSHUA BUCKTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MULTIPLE DRILLING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the simplification of the various parts con-
stituting multiple drilling machines. For this purpose I use a continuous
screw working in bearings attached to convenient standards placed at suitable
distances apart, and connected by a cross bar. To this cross bar, which is
placed immediately behind and parallel to the screw before named, I affix,
by means of bolts passing through a longitudinal slot in the same, the drill
heads which carry the drill spindles and sockets. Worm pinion wheels being
keyed upon the spindle sockets and geared into the screw, it will be obvious
that rotatory motion being imparted to the screw by ordinary mechanism the
same motion is also imparted to the drill spindles and drills, and that in a
direct and simple manner. The back surface of the drill heads being planed,
as well as the front surface of the cross bar before named, the "pitch" or
relative distances of the spindles may readily be regulated by simply loosening
the bolts by which the drill heads are secured to the cross bar. Vertical
motion may be imparted to the drills by any ordinary and well known method,
either separately or conjointly.
MAKING SEWING MACHINES, ROTARY HAIR BRUSHING MACHINES, ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, AND LATHES SELF-ACTING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Passmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1864.
I, WILLIAM PASSMORE, of Number 8, Laurie Place, Kirkdale, Central
Sydenham, in the County of Kent, Cordwainer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "MAKING SEWING MACHINES, ROTARY HAIR BRUSHING
MACHINES, ELECTRICAL APPARATUS, AND LATHES SELF-ACTING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making sewing machines, rotary hair brushing
machines, electrical apparatus, and lathes self-acting, by the agency of a
machine composed of clockwork machinery with the addition to the usual
wheels, pinions, and other parts used in the construction of clocks, of a fly
wheel to carry a line or band, an extra slide bracket for support of the fly
For electrical
wheel, and a break for regulating or staying the motion.
apparatus my machine will be worked by spring and barrel as used in clocks
worked by spring, and for the other machines requiring greater power a drum
barrel with line, weights, and pulleys, as used in large clocks, will be substituted.
I propose to connect my machine to the machine or apparatus to be rendered
self-acting by means of a band or line to be carried over the fly wheel of my
machine and the fly or band wheel of the machine or apparatus to be acted
upon. When my machine and the machine or apparatus to be acted upon
are thus connected, motion will be imparted by winding up my machine with
a winch similar to the winding up of clocks. The break before mentioned for
regulating or staying the motion consists of a metal skid pan (lined with leather

page_text: n:achine
or other substance) attached by hinge to the foundation plate of my
beneath the fly wheel in such a way that it can be raised (by pressure of
the foot or otherwise) to catch the fly wheel and thus regulate or stay the
motion as may be required.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING CARRIAGES AND OTHER WEIGHTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1864.
I, WILLIAM DRAY, of Arthur Street, London Bridge, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR RAISING CARRIAGES AND OTHER WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus consists of an upright, pierced at intervals with
holes for the reception of a pin, as hereafter mentioned, and of a head formed
of two plates of iron, kept apart by a distance piece or block sufficiently wide
to allow the head to be moved up and down the upright; at about the centre
and lower part of the head a hole is drilled through the two plates, and a
stud being inserted through these holes and one of the holes in the upright,
the head is free to oscillate on this stud; the fore part of the head terminates
in a nose which may or may not be fitted with an oscillating crutch, the back
part of the head extends behind the upright in a direction opposite to the
nose, it is pierced with holes in the upper part, and carries a lever, the short
arm of which is bent and comes in contact with the back of the upright, while
the long arm is carried out from the head and forms the handle by which the
apparatus or lift is worked. After the weight has been raised upon the nose
a pin is inserted through one of the holes in the head, which coming in contact
with the back of the upright enables the weight to be kept raised as long as
desired.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR 'BREAKING' AND 'SCUTCHING' FLAX
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Rowland and John Reid at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
21st June 1864.
We, ELLIS ROWLAND, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,
Engineer, and JOHN REID, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR 'BREAKING' AND 'SCUTCHING' FLAX," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, first, to an apparatus for "breaking up" the flax,
and consists in the use of a guide which forms the "breaker," and is situated
between two pairs of rollers, the flax passing from one pair of rollers through
the guide to the other; this guide is secured in a sliding block, to which a
reciprocating motion is imparted by a crank or eccentric and connecting rod,
by this means the guide is caused to bend the flax backwards and forwards,
and to "break" it up as required.
The second part of the Invention relates to apparatus for "beating" or
scutching flax, and consists in the use of beaters having a V or angular
surface, and rotating within a chamber having a corresponding angular cavity
or trough in which the flax is beaten, such angular surfaces being employed in
contradistinction to the plain even surfaces hitherto used in the beaters and
chamber of flax scutching machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGRAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1864. -A communication from Armand Mauchain, residing
at Geneva, in Switzerland.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENGRAVING," communicated to me from Armand Mauchain, a person residing
at Geneva, in Switzerland, to be as follows, that is to say:-
A plate or slab of polished steel or plate glass is selected, and on it is spread
a coat of oil varnish, mixed with linseed oil, which is allowed to dry until it is
no longer sticky, then a piece of virgin wax is rubbed over the whole surface
so as to form a coat of greater or less thickness according to the drawing to
be made on it. The plate thus prepared, the drawing is formed with a stylet,
that is, the coatings are removed from the surface of the slab, which being very
bard is uninjured by the process. A depressed drawing is thus obtained in
which plaster is run and afterwards hardened with gum, size, oil, or varnish. A
plate ready for printing is thus obtained. The relief of the engraving may
if desired be taken by a galvano plastic or other similar process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF YARN FOR KNICKERBOCKER TISSUES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Schischkar and Charles
George Speyer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th July 1864.
We, EDWARD SCHISCHKAR and CHARLES GEORGE SPEYER, Manufacturers, of
38, Rue d'Enghien, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF YARN
FOR KNICKERBOCKER TISSUES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the novel production or formation of yarn
for knickerbocker tissues, by substituting for the parti-coloured flocks or
button of wool, cotton, waste silk, and other fibrous materials actually made
use of for the purpose of forming a mottled or variegated yarn, feathers, such
as eider down, swan's down, or any other description of down or light feathers,
which we incorporate with the fibrous materials forming the basis of the yarn
during the process of carding these latter materials.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN MATERIAL FOR THE PURPOSE OF GRINDING AND POLISHING METAL AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Printy Wheeler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
April 1864.
I, GEORGE PRINTY WHEELER, of Abinghall, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN MATERIAL FOR THE
PURPOSE OF GRINDING AND POLISHING METAL AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preparation of the "slag," dross, or
cinder produced or resulting from the manufacture or smelting of iron, so as to
render it suitable for grinding or polishing metal or other surfaces.
For this purpose I take the "slag" or cinder, and subject it to the action
of suitable crushing or grinding machinery, and when sufficiently reduced by
that means it is sifted into suitable degrees of fineness to suit the various
purposes of grinding or polishing for which it may be required. The " slag"
or cinder prepared as above described is used or employed for grinding or
polishing metal or other surfaces in like manner to that in which other
materials, such as sand, emery, or other grinding and polishing materials are
employed, and will be found very economical and useful for these purposes.
AN IMPROVED SLIDE FOR GASALIERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bark and Thomas Attwood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 4th February 1864.
We, SAMUEL BARK, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Gasfitter,
and THOMAS ATTWOOD, also of Smethwick, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SLIDE FOR
GASALIERS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists in substituting mercury in the place of water or other
liquid within the central tube or slide of gasaliers, and in connection with
which we purpose placing a stop on the inner slide that has this advantage,
that in case of a chain or chains breaking the body of the lamp can only fall
a certain distance, and therefore still preserve a perfect joint and protection
from the escape of gas, thus obviating the too frequent cause of explosions
which are principally caused by bringing the weights in violent contact with
the pulleys, over which the connecting chains work that control the extent of
range to which the body of the gasaliers can be pulled down. Thus we
provide a non-evaporating fluid in the first case, and a stop to prevent the
gasalier falling when the chains attached to the counterposing weights break
either from accident or other cause. The stop before referred to may be so
contrived with a regulating screw to retain packing, as to provide a means of
tightening up the joint at that part to prevent the mercury from escaping below.
NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS IN IMITA- TION OF IVORY AND WOODS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA TIPS, UMBRELLA AND WALKING STICK HANDLES, AND OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMEN-- TAL PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Dietrich Rosenthal and
Solomon Gradenwitz at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd June 1865.
We, MICHAEL DIETRICH ROSENTHAL and SOLOMON GRADENWITZ, of No. 5,
Church Row, Houndsditch, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS IN IMITA-
TION OF IVORY AND WOODS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA
TIPS, UMBRELLA AND WALKING STICK HANDLES, AND OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMEN--
TAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
For the composition to be manufactured into articles in imitation of ivory.
we take the following ingredients in or about the proportions following, that
is to say:About five parts by weight of china clay, two parts by weight of
precipitated chalk, one part by weight of white lead, and two parts by
weight of gelatine; the gelatine is first dissolved in boiling water and brought...
to the thickness of syrap, it is then mixed with the other substances, and the
whole brought to such a consistency that it can be moulded to any shape or
form desired.
For the composition to be employed in the manufacture of imitation woods
we substitute for the gelatine (above named) common glue, and add to the..
compound about four parts by weight of ground sawdust of such wood as we

page_text: intend to imitate, and also a certain quantity of coloring matter, in order to
more perfectly imitate the natural woods.
The articles, after manufacture, are coated with varnish to preserve them
from the effects of the weather and other deleterious agencies.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Ellis, Charles Walker, and
William Preston, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th April 1865.
We, JOSHUA ELLIS, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Woollen Manu-
facturer, CHARLES WALKER and WILLIAM PRESTON, of Batley Carr, in the
same County, Overlookers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the machine known as the "scribbler" or first
carding engine, and by which wool or other fibrous substance is carded and
formed into roping or a continous sliver which is deposited on a creeper and
thereby conducted to the feeding end of the second carder. When carding
short stapled wool or other fibrous substances, great difficulty is experienced
in maintaining the continuity of the sliver or roping, the frequent breakage-
of which is very objectionable; and heretofore "cone tins " or conical friction
rollers have been employed to support the fibres as they are doffed from the-
cards, and which by a slight pressure thereon are intended to assist in the
formation of the roping, which is effected by a combined process of twisting.
and drawing. These appliances do not, however, prevent the breakage of the
sliver or roping, but are frequently the cause of breakage by sticking or
getting out of order.

page_text: Now our improvements consist in dispensing with these cone rollers, and
substituting a "flap" hinged under the doffer extending across the machine,
and which is caused to flap or oscillate by means of crank motion actuated
from any convenient moving part of the machine, thereby constantly flapping,
batting, or pressing the fibrous substances as they are doffed from the card
surface during the process of twisting and drawing or the formation of the
roping, by which means breakage is prevented, and the roping more evenly
formed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING OR FORMING THE TIPS OR POINTS OF CANDLES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lyon Field at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1865.
I, JOHN LYON FIELD, of Upper Marsh, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Candle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING OR FORMING THE TIPS OR POINTS OF
CANDLES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable candles or other similar objects
which may not in the first instance have been manufactured of the usual
pointed form, or parts of candles from which the pointed ends or tips have been
removed by burning or otherwise, to be rapidly and conveniently shaped to the
pointed form suitable for lighting or other required purpose. For this purpose
I make use of a cutter attached to a spindle, to which rapid revolution may be
imparted, either by a winch handle and multiplying geering, or by other
convenient or suitable means, and in front of the cutter I form or attach a
ring or short cylinder, which acts as a guide and support for the candle or
other object operated upon. This ring is made suitable in size for the largest
diameter of candle intended to be operated upon, and is provided with a ring,
or bush fitting into it for each smaller size of candle or other object required.
to be pointed, such rings or bushes being formed or bored to fit each such.
smaller size of candle or other object.
The cutting part of the machine is enclosed in a box or casing provided with
a hole, through which the candle or other object to be pointed is inserted,
and the cuttings guided by the box or casing fall through an opening into a.
drawer.beneath, and which is contained in a box or casing which serves at the

page_text: same time as a stand for the working parts of the machine. Otherwise the
whole of the working parts, with the exception of the winch handle or driving
pulley or wheel, may be contained in the box or casing described, and in some
cases, when found advisable, in addition to the guide ring before mentioned, I
make use of a V or other formed groove, in which the candle or other article
to be pointed may be laid, and along which it may be pushed forward into and
through the ring to be operated upon by the cutter.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON. AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Pilkington, of the Firm of Pilkington and'
Holden, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON.
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Pilkington at the
⚫ Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
September 1865.
I, JAMES PILKINGTON, of the Firm of Pilkington and Holden, of Bolton, in
the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND SPINNING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the "drag," employed in the machinery termed
throstles" and doubling frames which are used. in preparing and spinning
cotton and other fibrous substances.. The improvements consist in attaching
or securing to the under surface of each bobbin a disc or washer of cloth or

page_text: "listing" of such a diameter as to project beyond the periphery of the flange
so that it forms a level surface at the bottom edge of the bobbin which
revolves on the "copping rail," the attachment of this disc to the bobbin
imparts a regular drag to the yarn and is particularly beneficial when old
bobbins are used having uneven edges. The disc or washer may be made
out of the old strips of "listing" now employed in long lengths, or new cloth
may be employed, and it may be attached to the under side of the bottom
flange of the bobbin by small nails or by means of cement.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PIPES USED FOR SMOKING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ambrose McEvoy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,..on the 11th.
September 1865..
I, CHARLES AMBROSE- M°Evor; of 28; Bedford Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PIPES USED FOR SMOKING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pipes used for smoking...
The tobacco or other material which is to be smoked is packed into a cylinder,.
at the front end of which cylinder is a moveable grating capable of being
opened when about to charge the cylinder. At the back end of the cylinder
is a passage into it smaller than the interior diameter of the cylinder, and in
the cylinder there is a perforated piston on a hollow stem, the stem being of
like diameter to the passage into the back end of the cylinder whilst the
piston is of the same diameter as the interior of the cylinder. The stem of
the perforated piston is hollow or tubular and is by preference made of metal.
The back end of the hollow tubular stem is formed with a collar or enlarge-
which when the piston and stem are pushed as far as they can go into
the cylinder comes against the back end of the cylinder. The end of the
mouth-piece is received into the back end of the tubular stem of the piston.
and is made to enter. and slide into it.
By this arrangement the parts of which a pipe is composed are made to
slide one within the other, so that when out of. use the pipe occupies but
little greater space than the cylinder into which the tobacco or other substance

page_text: which is to be smoked is put. In order to retain the parts in the extended,
condition when the pipe is in use, nebs are formed on the sliding parts which
pass through grooves, so that when the sliding parts have been drawn out to
the fullest extent, by turning such parts partly round so as to remove the nebs.
away from the grooves, the parts become locked and held from sliding back
one into the other..
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO DOORS AND WINDOWS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUPPORTING OR MAINTAINING THEM IN ANY REQUIRED POSITION WHEN OPEN AND IN SECURING THEM WHEN SHUT
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Hamilton Gilmore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
November 1865.
I, ARTHUR HAMILTON GILMORE, of Bursledon, in the County of Hants,
Gentleinan, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO DOORS AND WINDOWS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
SUPPORTING OR MAINTAINING THEM IN ANY REQUIRED POSITION WHEN OPEN AND IN
SECURING THEM WHEN SHUT," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improved Means or Apparatus to be applied to Doors
and Windows for the purpose of Supporting or Maintaining them in any
required Position when Open and in Securing them when Shut" consists of a
weighted or spring rod, the end of which in the case of a door is made to bear
against the ground so as to create sufficient friction to prevent the door from
shutting accidentally when required to remain open. To this end a pendent
rod is inserted in a vertical hole made in one of the styles of the door, and is
provided at its lower end with a weighted foot which is drawn down or forced
or held down on the ground by the force of one or more metallic or rubber
springs. The rod is suspended by a chain or chains or cords (attached to its
upper end) from a cylinder or roller connected with the handle of the door,
so that by turning this handle, as when opening the door, the rod will be lifted
up and the weighted foot lifted from the ground. The friction thus being

page_text: taken off the ground the door may be opened or closed without difficulty, but
when the handle is released the weighted foot will press on the ground and
hold the door in the position required. As a modification of the above the
suspending chain may be passed over a pulley and then attached to the door
handle, which may be placed on the middle or other style and worked in the
manner just described.
In adapting the Invention to windows the rod is placed horizontally, and is
connected by a chain or band to a handle or button placed at or near the
centre of the window sash. To this horizontal rod is attached a metallic or
other spring, which will draw it forward and cause it to project out from the
sash and enter notches made in the fixed framing of the window, whereby the
sash will be maintained at any required altitude, and when the sash is down
it will prevent it from being raised. The horizontal rod may either be
inserted in a hole made in the sash frame or it may be made to run in guides
fixed on the side of the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' AND PULLEY BLOCKS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Westley and Walter
Bibby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th November 1865.
We, THOMAS WESTLEY, Machinist, and WALTER BIBBY, Currier, both
of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' AND PULLEY BLOCKS FOR
GENERAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally of a new method of mounting the
sheave or pulley in the block or sheath. We propose to use an axle or
centre pin fastened in the sheave itself, having wings attached thereto to
form a fastening into the sheave, and to cause the axle to turn therewith.
The sheave may be made of wood, iron, or any other suitable material.
The axle may be made of iron, brass, or other suitable metal or material,
and the bearing ends may be made either cylindrical or slightly conical.
Any convenient number of sheaves or pulleys may be combined in one
sheath or block. In each side of the sheath or block is fitted a bush of
brass or other suitable metal in such a position as to receive the ends of the
axle or centre pin, and these bushes may be made merely plain so as to
fit and support the ends of the axle or centre pin, or they may be furnished
with an antifriction roller (or rollers) upon which the ends of the axle or
centre pin run, and the said antifriction roller (or rollers) may be made
either cylindrical or conical to correspond with the form of the journals or
ends of the axle or centre pin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANU- FACTURE OF IMPRESSED GOLD AND SIMILAR PAPER HANGINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wylie and James Rew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd
May 1865.
We, JOHN WYLIE, Manufacturer, and JAMES REW, Mechanic, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF IMPRESSED GOLD AND SIMILAR PAPER HANGINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of paper hangings of the kind
known as "impressed gold" and which have ornamental devices in gold-leaf
or other metallic leaf impressed or stamped upon them with an embossing
action, and the improved apparatus is designed to obtain superior results with
increased rapidity and economy. In the improved apparatus the devices to
be reproduced in metallic leaf are formed or fixed in relief upon a metal
cylinder which is pressed towards a counter-pressure cylinder having a surface.
of a suitable material, such as paste board or papier mâché, which becomes
impressed with a counterpart of the devices on the metal cylinder so that the
two will act as die and matrix upon the paper which is passed between them
Before passing between the cylinders gum or adhesive matter, by preference
in a dry powdered state, is applied to the parts of the paper to receive the
impressed devices, the metallic leaf being also laid on the same parts. The
metal cylinder is heated, whereby the gum is made to fix the metallic leaf at

page_text: the same time that the device is impressed or embossed on the paper. The
metal cylinder may be heated in various ways, but it is preferred to employ
ordinary gas, and in one modification of the arrangements for that purpose
the cylinder is made hollow and the gas pipe with a number of jets is fitted
inside it. The gum or adhesive matter may be applied to the paper by means
of a cylinder formed with perforations at the parts corresponding to the
devices, such cylinder having a supply of the gum inside of it. Thus the
cylinder may be made of wire gauze and be covered with paper or other
material having the devices cut out of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1865. A communication from abroad by Dominique Chiado, of Turin,
in the Kingdom of Italy, Goldsmith.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES," communicated to me from abroad by Dominique Chiado, of
Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy, Goldsmith, to be as follows:-
The furnace constructed according to these improvements consists of three
portions, one of which is a cupola furnace, high furnace, or blast furnace,
another portion is a reverberatory furnace, and the third is an aeolipile or
other contrivance for generating and injecting jets, currents, or blasts of steam
or other aeriform fluid. These portions are thus combined, the cupola, high
furnace, or blast furnace is placed or set above the reverberatory furnace, and
communicates therewith in such manner that matters contained in the former
may, after treatment therein, fall or run into the latter, and the aeolipile or
equivalent contrivance communicates with the other parts of the apparatus
so as to inject currents, jets, or blasts of steam or aeriform fluid into the
metal, or matters, as they are running down or passing from the upper
portion, or cupola, high, or blast furnace into the lower portion or rever-
beratory furnace.
The furnace is especially applicable to the obtaining of copper or other
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ILLUSORY EXHIBITIONS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Pepper and Thomas
William Tobin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th December 1865:
We, JOHN HENRY PEPPER, of No. 61, Boundary Road, St. John's Wood,
Professor of Chemistry, and THOMAS WILLIAM TOBIN, of No. 5, Watson's
Road, Wood Green, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ILLUSORY
EXHIBITIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for illusory
exhibitions. Various illusions are at the present time produced, which depend
for their effect on the fact that a looking glass placed at an angle to the
spectator will reflect objects really on one side of the mirror as if they wero
behind it, consequently when proper arrangements are made, a space which
really is occupied or concealed by the mirror appears as if it were vacant.
On this principle the head of a man may be exhibited so as to appear
detached from the body, which body is in reality hidden by the mirror; or
persons may come out of a cabinet which the moment before was shown
apparently empty. Heretofore the mirrors employed have been smaller than
the chamber within which the illusion is produced, or the portion of the
chamber which is within sight of the spectator; this has rendered it necessary
to introduce to hide the edges, posts, or tables, or similar objects which are
liable to excite suspicion.

page_text: Now according to this Invention we employ an inclined mirror of a size
sufficient to fill the whole chamber, or so much of it as is seen by the
spectator, so that there are no edges to be hidden from sight. We make a
hole in this glass, and through the hole the head or object which is to appear
detached is protruded; the outline of the hole is of course hidden by the dress
or in some similar manner. The glass according to our Invention is, by pre-
ference, inclined from the front towards the back, whereas heretofore it has
been inclined from one side to the other..
According to another part of our Invention we construct a box glazed on
all four sides but not at the ends; this box is divided diagonally from corner
to corner by two mirrors placed back to back, and when suitably surrounded
by curtains or otherwise it will appear to be transparent. If now one of the
sides of the box be opened any article may be introduced into it, the spectators
being then all at the front of the box. Then whilst the box is temporarily
covered it is turned round so as to bring forward the other side, it will then
again appear empty, and so by the same apparatus a number of similar
illusions may be produced. In some cases a hole may be made through the
mirrors for the purpose already explained, or the box may only be glazed on
two sides, and it will appear perfectly transparent so long as it is viewed from
the front only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, APPLICABLE CHIEFLY TO THE KINDLING OF FIRES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gibbs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1865.
I, HENRY GIBBS, of Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, APPLICABLE CHIEFLY TO THE KINDLING OF
FIRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the moulding of ventilating blocks to be used for
the kindling and brightening up of fires, and in the construction of fagots for
the like purpose. The blocks I form of slack or coal dust brought to a plastic-
state in any of the well-known and approved methods. This plastic com-
pound I mould into hollow blocks of a rectangular or other approved form in.
a manner similar to that adopted for moulding hollow clay bricks, that is to-
say, I form round holes through the blocks; or I mould the blocks with deep
indentations at their sides, so that passages will be formed therein for flame-
to rise through the block. Thus in kindling a fire with the aid of one of.i
these blocks, I place it upon an ordinary fagot or wooden wheel,, and on,
igniting the fagot the flame will play through and around the block, and
ensure its speedy ignition, when the fire will spread to the surrounding fuel..
In place of the detached fagot and block of fuel,. I also. propose to combine
the two. Thus I form a fagot of wood in any approved form, a rectangular
figure being preferred, and the spaces in the fagot I fill wholly or partially
with the plastic coal. If filled wholly while the plastic coal is still soft, I
subject it to the pressure of a block fitted with pins, which force holes through

page_text: the plastic substance, in the same manner as when moulding hollow bricks.
Composite blocks or fagots thus formed with air channels will kindle readily,
and afford a sustained heat, which is wanting in the ordinary construction of
fagots or fire lighters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STORING PETROLEUM AND OTHER INFLAM- MABLE LIQUIDS OF LESS SPECIFIC GRAVITY THAN WATER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th April 1865.--A communication from abroad by Felix Bizard and
Pierre Labarre, of Marseilles, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STORING PETROLEUM AND OTHER INFLAM-
MABLE LIQUIDS OF LESS SPECIFIC GRAVITY THAN WATER," to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a well or tank of metal or masonry in which is
placed a metal holder similar to a gasholder, and with space between its sides
and the outer tank; the holder is open at bottom and is secured by flanges
and bolts from rising. A dome rises from the centre of the cover of the
holder, and the top of the dome is provided with a manhole. A tube carrying
a float is carried down through the cover of the holder, and at a level above
the cover of the holder there is a water outlet provided with a tap. The
petroleum is admitted into the holder through a pipe entering the upper part
of the dome on the cover; outlet takes place through another pipe furnished
with a tap and connected to the lower part of the dome. There is a channel
at the bottom of the tank for receiving all matters deposited and for allowing
a person to enter the holder to clean the inside when the tank and holder are
empty. Water fills the tank and the holder; then, to charge the holder,
remove the cover from the float tube, close the manhole, and open the water
outlet tap, and open the petroleum inlet tap, the petroleum falls on the water
in the holder and drives it out from the bottom thereof and from the outlet

page_text: from the tank; then close the water outlet and fill up with water, covering
the petroleum inlet and outlet pipes. To draw off petroleum open the petro-
leum outlet tap, when the pressure of the water will cause it to run out
through the outlet tap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF AND MEANS OF HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1865.
I, JOHN WHITE, of Thornes Lane, Wakefield, in the County of York,
Engine Driver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF AND MEANS OF HEATING THE FEED WATER
FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the grate bars of such furnaces, and consists in
having each bar hollow, and in framing or uniting the whole series of bars
required for one furnace together by a cross bar at each end, so that there
will be a communication of the hollows, which will form a continuous passage
throughout the whole series of grate bars. The feed water is to be
introduced at any convenient part of this grate, when the heat from which
will cause it to circulate through the passages, and pass out in a heated
state at another part to a cistern, from which it is to be pumped into the
boiler.
By this Invention the grate bars are rendered more durable, as the water
passing through them prevents them from being burnt by the intense heat
of the fire, and the water becomes heated before entering the boiler, thereby
economizing fuel. When applying this Invention to locomotive boiler furnaces

page_text: construct this framework of grate bars with an opening at the back part,
and provide it with a door which is also constructed of hollow bars united
together in a similar manner, forming a continuous passage for water, having
an inlet and outlet thereto in connection with the main grate. This
door is so arranged that it can be readily opened by the attendant to allow
the fire or fuel thereon to drop into the ash-pit to prevent further generation of
steam in case of the boiler being found short of water, or when the fire is
required to be put out, and it may also be applied to other boiler furnaces
for the same purpose if desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF FIXING SKATES TO THE BOOTS OR SHOES OF THE WEARER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William May at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1865.
I, WILLIAM MAY, Armourer Sergeant, Second Battalion, Coldstream
Guards, at present quartered at the Tower Hamlets, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF FIXING SKATES TO THE BOOTS
OR SHOES OF THE WEARER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of skates,
whereby they are readily fixed and more effectually secured to the boots or
shoes of the wearer. For this purpose I form the back end of the skate
iron with a projection or tang suitably formed for being inserted into and
secured in an ordinary spur box (by preference Maxwell's) formed or let
into the back of the heel of a boot or shoe. The spur box may at other
times be used for receiving the tang of a spur when required for that
purpose. The form and position of the tang and of the box or recess
formed in the heel may be varied. The front end of the skate is secured
by a strap or otherwise over the toe or instep of the wearer, as is well
understood.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN HEATING CHISELS, KNIVES, PLANE IRONS, GOUGES, AUGERS, STEELS, SHEARS, SCYTHES, AND SAWS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brooks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1865.
I, WILLIAM BROOKS, of Philadelphia Street, Bristol, in the County of
Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING CHISELS, KNIVES, PLANE IRONS, GOUGES, AUGERS, STEELS,
SHEARS, SCYTHES, AND SAWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in heating chisels, knives,
plane irons, gouges, augers, steels, shears, scythes, and saws. For these-
purposes the chisels, knives, plane irons, gouges, augers, steels, shears,.
scythes, and saws to be heated are placed in a highly heated tubular or hollow
chamber, heated externally in place of the above-mentioned articles being
heated by a 'direct contact with a fire, as is usually the case. It is desirable
that the hollow tubular chamber should not greatly exceed the dimensions of
the chisels or other articles to be heated therein, and although it is not.
essential it is also preferred that there should be several tubular chambers
formed in the same block or mass, which is by preference of cast iron coated
externally with fire-clay. These tubular chambers are set over a fire or
furnace and are heated thereby as evenly from end to end as may be, so that
the chisels or other articles introduced therein may be uniformly heated from

page_text: end to end. These tubular or hollow chambers are usually closed at their
back ends and open in front.
The above described process for heating chisels, knives, plane irons, gouges,
augers, steels, shears, scythes, and saws is peculiarly applicable for heating
them before quenching or hardening, but the process may also be resorted to
when shaping or forging these articles.
It should be stated that no claim is made to the construction of the heating
apparatus herein described separate and apart from the process to which the
same is applied. The peculiarity of this Invention consists in heating the
articles herein mentioned in the manner described in contradistinction to
heating the same in contact with the ignited fuel of a fire..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL TOYS KNOWN AS PHARAOH'S SERPENTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1865.
I, THOMAS KING, of No. 6, Park Road, Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL TOYS KNOWN AS PHARAOH'S SERPENTS,"
to be as follows: -
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
chemical toys known as Pharaoh's serpents. Heretofore in the manufacture
of the chemical toys known as Pharaoh's serpents, which are essentially com-
posed of sulpho-cyanide of mercury, and are made up in a conical form and
covered by wrapping tin foil around them, it has been found that the fumes
given off when burning the toys are objectionable and offensive, to obviate
which perfumes or scents are according to my Invention introduced into the
composition as when making pastiles, so that in addition to the production of
serpents these toys when being burnt will also give off agreeable perfumes to
the surrounding atmosphere, as when burning ordinary pastiles; and in addi-
tion also to the ordinary compound very fine steel filings or other pyrotechnic
compounds may be introduced, so that in burning sparks may be produced
and thrown off according to the amount of such spark-producing matters.

page_text: introduced into the compound; and further, by the employment in the com-
pound of strontium or other simple or compound chemicals colored flames
and colored serpents may be produced; and in place of wrapping or coating
the conical or other shaped articles of the compounds above mentioned with
tin or other foil I employ capsules of tin, or of tin with other metal, to be
formed without seam in like manner to that in which capsules of like metals
are now produced for the covering of the ends of bottles and other articles,
and I enclose each of the chemical toys in such a capsule.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPPING AND VENTILATING SEWERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Abell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 10th October 1865.
I, RICHARD ABELL, of Cambridge Terrace, Pimlico, in the. County of
Middlesex, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPPING AND VENTILATING SEWERS," to be as follows:-
The ventilation of sewers heretofore has been effected through untrapped
street gullies or by passages and gratings placed in the middle of the roadway,
which latter are mostly free openings, but in some cases have had
masses of
charcoal disposed therein through which the gases escaping must pass, and
thereby become disinfected. According to my arrangement I adopt the gully
opening as the ventilating escape, which I trap in such way that while there
is free downward passage for the water there is also an upward escape for
the gases, but which at the same time are so trapped as to be constrained to
pass through a body of charcoal in order to. their. disinfection. For this
purpose instead of making the trap as a close inverted vessel or capacity, as
usual, I make the upper part of wire or perforated metal, and carry up to any
convenient height above that point a chamber or holder of like reticulated
material, this forms a container for the charcoal, which is reduced to a suitable
size or granulated form. This charcoal trap I dispose at the side of the
gully in the pavement, for instance, and place above it a suitable manhole
and close lid to afford ready access to the trap for the purpose of renewing the

page_text: charcoal from time to time as may be required, and as essentially necessary
for the disinfection of the escaping gases. For this purpose 'the trap and
charcoal receptacle is made to lift out readily, a suitable receptacle is made
for solid matters below the gully into which the solids and fluids first fall,
the fluid matters passing off by a side passage to the trap, and thence by the
channel to the drain, an upper or second side opening is made for the dis-
infected gas to pass from the trap chamber to the gully chamber, escaping
thence by the gully grating, this upper passage may be closed if desired when
the lower one becomes a close trap for the gully. The channel or pipe
leading from the trap to the sewer I fork before descending to the level of
the sewer, the one branch leading to a cavity formed in but above the level
of the crown of the sewer, while the other leads to the side of the sewer as
usual, the latter conducting the fluid thereto in the ordinary manner, while
the other provides a passage for the gas from the sewer and the cavity before
mentioned. If desired these channels may be separate throughout instead
of uniting as described. Instead of using the same trap as before described
separate traps may be used, one for the gully and another for the gases,
having the permeable body of charcoal disposed therein through which they
must pass before escaping.