Ar IMPROVED AIR GAS APPARATUS WITH INJECTOR FOR THE SELF-REGULATING PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM VOLATILE FLUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers,
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "Ar
IMPROVED AIR GAS APPARATUS WITH INJECTOR FOR THE SELF-REGULATING
PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM VOLATILE FLUIDS." -A communication from
abroad by Hugo Juengling, of Hanover. Engineer.
FRUVIDIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said william Lloyd Wise
at the Office of the Commissioners of "Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 5th March 1873.
. I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED AIR GAS APPARATUS WITH INJECTOR FOR THE. SELF-REGULATING
PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM VOLATILE FLUIDS," communicated to me from
abroad by Hugo Juengling, of Hanover, Engineer, to be as follows:-
•
This Invention will be understood from the following description
thereof, communicated to me by my foreign correspondent:-

page_text: "I am well acquainted with the fact that other gas for illuminating
purposes was produced as far back as the year 1780; the atmospherical
air was impregnated with volatile carburetted hydrogen oils (naptha).
Since then innumerable apparatus have been constructed for ether or
naptha gas.
If this ether gas apparatus is to be adopted for general use it must
fulfil the following conditions:-
1. The danger of ignition and explosion must be done away with,
for which reason I entirely separate the liquid reservoir from the
generator, and I separate. both these from the bellows, air pump, ven-
tilator, or other air forcer.
2. Gas must only be produced at the moment it is wanted and to
the extent required, volatile oils or residues must by no means be
suffered in the generator during the non-usc, as these may on a rise
of temperature provoke an explosion, owing to a rapid production
of gas without any consumption of same. For this reason I employ
the injector which will only then draw fluid from the lowest point
of the still lower reservoir, and inject the same to the generator when
gas is being consumed, that is, when air is blown to the generator
by the bellows, air pump, ventilator, or other air forcer. The current
of air introduced from the air forcer to the generator corresponds
exactly to the quantity of gas which is consumed out of the generator
through the gas conduit; in same manner the quantity of oil taken
out of the reservoir by suction depends entirely and precisely upon
the current of air flowing from the air forcer through the injector to
the generator.
3. It is further imperative that all the raw material can be used and-
consumed at all times and of uniform good quality without residuo, and
heating arrangements, for which reason I draw the fluid equivalent
to the consumption of gas and the conducted air from the reservoir,
and blow both the same well mixed in the shape of the finest dust or
spray into the generator.
.
4. Finally, I consider it necessary that the apparatus should not
require repeated filling and restarting. For this reason it is requisito
to supply the apparatus with a fluid reservoir which must be proof
against ignition, equal to the formers greatest producing capabilities,
with a proper fluid meter or gauge,. and even the very smallest

page_text: apparatus must be constructed to operate at least an entire day, taking
into account its greatest possible productive performance without any
need of refilling.
My portable gas apparatus, which is comparatively of very diminutive
size, even for the consumption of gas on a large scale, is based the
upon
four main conditions above specified, said apparatus being supplied as
may be requisite with bellows for private houses and railway carriages,
with ventilators for illuminating larger buildings, factories, railway
stations, &c., with air pumps for towns and cities.
The accompanying Drawings and the following Specification will
describe this system of a portable ether gas apparatus with injector and
air forcer.
The machino consists in the main of an air forcer (in this case a
ventilator) A, of the generator B, and the other reservoir C. The
ventilator A consists of an outer body secured on two standards, a
drum of sheet iron with bent scoops operated by the weight d, the
blocks e, e, the line roller S, the drum being similar to those employed
in gas meters; it is constructed for taking in the air by suction at a,
and forcing the same on through the pipe L to the generator B. The
water packing used in gas meters is here employed, the screw hole x
serving for filling, the water gauge w as comptroller, the screw hole
for letting off the superfluous water. The moving weight d is wound
up by turning the crank k to the left. Whilst winding up a counter
spring in the body is set in operation to prevent interruptions in the
feeding of air during burning.
The generator B consists of a cylinder into which the air in con-
junction with the ether is introduced at 7, and is passed out at A as gas
to the pipe G.
The introduction of the air and ether is accomplished by the
injector F, the latter operating in the following manner:-When the
air passes from the air forcer to the gas gencrator B by means of
the injector F, the same draws the ether through the side pipe n
from the reservoir O, which is situated on one side and on a lower
level, and conducts the same according to its speed, that is, in pro-
3 portion to the pressure of the air in the ventilator and generator in
larger or lesser quantity in the shape of dust or spray into the vessel B.
The fluid pipe n is surrounded from off the injector up to the ether.

page_text: vessel O by a second pipe n¹, in order thereby to .conduct so much
air above the fluid in the reservoir as the quantity of fluid drawn off
by the injector has emptied with regard to volume, as also to create
the same pressure on the surface of the fluid as exists in the air pipe
beyond the injector.
In order to entirely utilizo precipitations from the ether introduced
as dust and forced to instantaneous evaporation, and by preference to
make the gas produced as far as possible homogeneous, as well as
to offer a quiet uniform motion to the outflowing, gas, the same is
before leaving the vessel B forced to pass through several fine seives, 1
or through a thin layer of hygroscopic material offering considerable
surface, and at the same time suffering an easy passing of the gas..
In order that the gas may really travel by this path the inner cylinder
closed above y is constructed to fit the upright generator. The small
upright pipe m serves to let off the non-impregnated air on first
starting, or any gas that may be in store. In case the vessel B has
been out of use for any length of time the ether vessel C is arranged
with a feed pipe O for filling, without the necessity of approaching
the spot where it has been placed (a lower space in the Drawings). The
fluid meter serves as comptroller of the ether in store.
2
- The three main parts A, B, C, of the entire apparatus are strictly
separated from cach other, and erected in such manner that the
reservoir is always situated on a lower level than the injector and
the generator. The separation clearly prohibits danger of fire, and
the same is utterly annihilated by the ether being introduced into 2
the generator B by means of the injector, solely in proportion to the
consumption of gas, the generator B will consequently never contain
Aluid gasoline.
In order to stop the action of the gas machine it will merely be
necessary to shut the air-admitting cock H, whereupon the weight d 3
will stop in its descent, the injector will be unable to admit either
air or ether, no gas will be produced, and the pressure on the vessels
B and C and on the entire length of pipes will cease.
It is evident that by means of the dust-like introduction of the
ether through the medium of the injector on the one hand the air 3
will be impregnated with ether in due proportion and of uniform
intensity, and on the other hand that the ether will be always injected

page_text: of the same quality for the production of gas, which will ever be pro
duced of good and cheap quality without any residue of ether what-
soever. Hence the four above-named conditions necessary to a practical
portable gas apparatus are fulfilled by the application of the injector
and the mode of separate arrangement, as set forth.
The apparatus is suitable for the production of illuminating gas from
the smallest household up to the largest establishments, as well as for
the illumination of cities of all sizes, and with the necessary modifi-
cations also for illuminating and warming railway carriages separately.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd August 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
sex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Lloyd Wise,
Her special license that I, the said William Lloyd Wise, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Lloyd Wise, my executors, administrators; and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands; and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED AIR GAS APPARATUS WITH
INJECTOR FOR THE SELF-REGULATING PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM VOLATILE FLUIDS,”
(a communication to me from abroad by Hugo Iuengling, of Hanover,
Engineer), upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Lloyd Wise, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
.

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Lloyd Wise, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof and the Drawings therein referred to
(that is to say) :-
This Invention will be understood from the following description
thereof communicated to me by my foreign correspondent :-
"I am well acquainted with the fact that ether gas for illuminating
purposes was produced as far back as the year 1780. The atmospheric
air was impregnated with volatile carburetted hydrogen oils (naptha).
Since then innumerable apparatus have been constructed for ether or
naptha gas.
Now if ether gas apparatus is to be adopted for general use it should
fulfil the following conditions:-
1. The danger of ignition and explosion must be done away with, to
which end I entirely separate the liquid reservoir from the generator,
and I separate both of these from the bellows, air pump, ventilator, or
other air forcer.
2. Gas must only be produced at the moment it is wanted, and to the
extent required, and volatile oils or residues must on no account be
suffered in the generator whilst the apparatus is not working, as they
may on a rise of temperature provoke an explosion, owing to a rapid
production of gas, without any corresponding consumption thereof. For
this reason I employ the injector, which draws fluid from the lowest part
of the still lower reservoir, and injects the same to the generator only
when gas is being consumed, that is, whilst air is being blown into the
generator. by the bellows, air pump, ventilator, or other air forcer. The
current of air introduced from the air forcer to the generator corresponds
exactly to the quantity of gas which is consumed out of the generator
through the gas conduit, and in like manner the quantity of oil taken
out of the reservoir by suction depends entirely and precisely upon the
current of air flowing from the air forcer through the injector into the
generator,

page_text: 3. It is further imperative that the apparatus should admit of all the
raw material being used and consumed at all times, and of uniform good
quality, without leaving residue, and without the use of heating arrange-
ments, to which end I draw from the reservoir the quantity of fluid
corresponding to the consumption of gas, and proportioned to the volume
of passing air for the time being, and blow them well mixed in the shape
of the finest dust or spray into the generator.
4. Finally I consider it necessary that the apparatus should not require
repeated filling and restarting. I therefore supply it with a fluid reser-
voir (which must be proof against ignition), equal in capacity to the
maximum producing capabilities of the apparatus, and I provide this
reservoir with a proper fluid meter or gauge. Even the very smallest
apparatus I construct so that it may be capable of operating at least an
entire day without refilling, taking into account its maximum power of
production.
My portable gas apparatus, which is comparatively of very diminutivo
size even for the production of gas on a large scale, is based upon the
four main conditions above specified, said apparatus being supplied, as
may be requisite, with bellows for private houses and railway carriages,
with ventilators for illuminating larger buildings, factories, railway
stations, &c., and with air pumps for towns and cities.
•
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) of the accompanying Drawings is a perspective view
of the improved apparatus; Fig. 2 (Sheet 2) is a sectional elevation; and
Fig. 3 is a plan view partly in section..
The machine consists in the main of an air forcer a (in this case a
ventilator or blower), a generator b, and an ether or volatile fluid reser-
voir c. The ventilator or blower a consists of an outer body secured on
two standards and a drum of sheet iron with bent scoops operated by the
weight d, the blocks e, and the line roller f, the drum being similar to
those employed in gas meters. It is constructed for taking in the air by
suction at g, and forcing the same on through the pipe / into the gene-
rator b. The water packing used in gas meters is here employed, the
screw hole i serving for filling the water gauge as comptroller, and the
screw hole for letting off the superfluous water. The moving weight d
is wound
up by turning the crank or handle m to the left, and whilst it
is being wound up a counter spring in the body 'n is set in operation to

page_text: prevent interruptions in the feeding of air during the burning of gas
from the apparatus.
The generator 6 consists of a cylinder into which the air, in conjunċ-
tion with the ether, is introduced at o, the resulting gas passing out at p
to the pipe q for consumption.
The introduction of the air and ether is effected by the injector ŕ
operating in the following manner :-As the air passes from the air
'forcer to the gas generator 6 through the injector 7 it draws the ether
'through the side pipes from the reservoir c (which is situated on one
side and at a lower level), and conducts the same in the form of dust or
'spray into the vessel in a greater or less quantity according to the
velocity of the air, that is, in proportion to the pressure of the air in the air
forcer and generator. The fluid pipes is surrounded from off the injector
up to the ether or fluid vessel c by a second pipe s², thus forming an
annular space between the two pipes, whereby as much air is conducted
into the reservoir above the fluid as will replace the quantity of fluid
drawn off by the injector, and also maintaining the same pressure on the
surface of the fluid in the reservoir as exists in the air pipe beyond the
injector.
In order to entirely utilizo precipitations from the ether introduced as
dust, and forced to instantaneous evaporation, and by preference to
make the gas produced as far as possible homogeneous, as well as to give
a quiet uniform motion to the outflowing gas it is before leaving the
vessel 6 forced to pass through several fine sieves or through a thin layer
of hygroscopic material offering considerable surface, and at the same
time suffering an easy passing of the gas. To this end the generator 6 is
constructed with an inner cylinder or casing 6', closed at its upper part,
to compel the gas to travel in the requisite direction. The small upright
pipet serves to let off the non-impregnated air on first starting, or any
gas that may be in store. In caso the vessel 6 has been out of use for any
length of time the ether or fluid reservoir c is provided with a feed
pipe u for filling without the necessity of descending to the vessel itself,
and it is also furnished with a meter or gauge v for enabling the quantity
of ether in store to be controlled.
The three main parts a, b, c, of the entire apparatus are strictly
separated from each other, and crected in such manner that the reservoir
is always situated at a lower level than the injector and the generator.

page_text: It will be evident that by this separation, coupled with the method of
introducing the other or volatile fluid into the generator 6, by means of
the injector solely in proportion to the consumption of gas, all danger
of fire is obviated, and the generator 6 will never contain fluid gasoline.
In order to stop the action of the apparatus it will merely be necessary
to shut the air admitting cock to, whereupon the weight d will stop in its
descent, the injector will be unable to inject either air or ether, no gas
will be produced, and the pressure on the vessels b and c and on the
entire length of pipes will cease.
It is evident that by means of the dust-like introduction of the ether
through the medium of the injector on the one hand the air will be
impregnated with ether in due proportion and of uniform intensity, and
on the other hand that the ether will be always injected of the same
quality for the production of gas, which will ever be produced of good
and cheap quality, without any residue of other whatsoever. Hence the
four above-named conditions necessary to a practicable portable gas
apparatus are fulfilled by the application of the injector and the mode of
separate arrangement, as set forth.
. The apparatus is suitable for the production of illuminating gas from
the smallest household up to the largest establishments, as well as for
the illumination of cities of all sizes, and with the necessary modifica-
tions, also for illuminating and warming railway carriages separately."
Having now described this Invention of "An Improved Air Gas
Apparatus, with Injector for the Self-regulating Production of Gas
from Volatile Fluids," and having explained the manner of carrying the
same into practical effect, as communicated to me by my foreign cor-
respondent as aforesaid, I claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent,-
1. The construction and arrangement of apparatus for the production
of gas, in which the liquid reservoir, the generator, and the air forcer are
separate from each other, substantially as above described.
2. The use or employment in apparatus for the production of gas of an
injector worked by a regulated current (or currents) of air so as to draw
fluid as required from the lowest part of the fluid reservoir, and to inject
such fluid, mixed or intermingled with the air, in the form of fine dust
or spray into the generator, as described, thereby enabling gas to be

page_text: produced in direct proportion to the air pressure and consumption, and
without heating or surface evaporation.
3. The construction of apparatus for the self-regulating production of
gas from volatile fluids, substantially as shewn in and described with
reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of August in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.