matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FORM OF HYDRAULIC VALVE AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thomson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
October 1859.
I, JAMES THOMSON, of Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FORM OF HYDRAULIC VALVE AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The object of my Invention consists in the mode of forming certain
apparatus to be used in conveying gas from one purifier to another in the
process of manufacture, and also for admitting it or closing it off from any one
or more of the purifiers made use of. The apparatus generally used in large
works in connexion with the purifiers is called a hydraulic valve and from the
peculiarity of its form, I distinguish my apparatus hereafter described as an
annular hydraulic valve. This consists of a cylinder closed at the bottom, and
having two pipes intersecting or passing into it, the one being for the inlet of
the gas, the other the outlet; one of these rises to the top of the cylinder,
the other only intersects it, the raised pipe is at its upper end encompassed by
another cylindrical tube, both being within the first named cylinder; the annular
space between the two inner pipes is partially filled with water so as to form
a lute; encompassing the whole is a large circular vessel having its bottom
perforated with twice as many holes or apertures as there are purifiers used,
into the holes pipes are inserted so that their mouths rise above the bottom;
each two of these pipes form the inlet and outlet to each purifier; the outer

page_text: vessel is also partially filled with water; a connecting or stand pipe puts each
pair of pipes in communication, that is, the outlet of one with the inlet of
another purifier; the inlet of the first purifier communicates by means of
another stand pipe with the main central inlet pipe, and the outlet of the last
one communicates in like manner with the main central outlet conveying
the gas to the holder. From this description it will be seen that any number
of purifiers may be used, and by turning the main central stand pipe over
the inlet of any purifier and the terminal outlet pipe over the outlet of any
purifier where it is wished to stop at, any one or more of the other purifiers
may be closed off from the gas. As each of the stand or connecting pipes dip
into the water it will be evident a perfect water lute is formed, and no gas
can escape.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE FIBRES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Penney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1859.
I, HENRY PENNEY, of 17, Finchley Road, Saint John's Wood, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE FIBRES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacturing of paper from vegetable
fibres of various descriptions, and is as follows:-I take a quantity of cocoa-
nut fibre, tan, twitch grass, and other such like vegetable fibrous substances,
and pass them either together or separately through a tearing or separating
machine, commonly known as a "devil," after which I well boil them. They
are then placed in a suitable vessel with a quantity of concentrated solution
of chloride of lime, and exposed for several hours to the action of the
atmosphere, when being well stirred, they are reduced to the desired pulp
ready for being converted into paper by the ordinary means.
A REVERSIBLE SHAWL CLOAK
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crawford Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1859.
I, JOHN CRAWFORD WILSON, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Ware-
houseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
REVERSIBLE SHAWL CLOAK," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a mantle or garment woven or cut from any plain
or fancy material, of any suitable shape round the circumference, and having a
neck cut out in the manner of a cloak. The one side of this fabric (or it may
be two fabrics placed together, if it is desired to be warm,) is furnished with a
corner piece hanging down similar to and to represent a shawl, while the other
side is furnished with a hood of any suitable shape and design more or less
ornamental. Thus the mantel may either be worn with the one side out as a.
hooded cloak, or reversed and worn to represent a shawl.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND OTHER SAILING AND STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Crispin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Marsh Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County
of Essex, Copper Smelter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND OTHER SAILING AND STEAM
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved methods of combining iron and
timber in the construction of ships and other sailing and steam vessels. The
hull of the ship or other vessel is constructed of iron which may be con-
siderably thinner than that usually employed in iron ships, the same being
covered externally and internally with wooden planking bolted completely
through the iron and wood, and so arranged as to break joint, and thus add
to the strength of the vessel. The external and internal woodwork should
be caulked in order effectually to prevent leakage. In some cases it may be
desirable to place the external planking in the ordinary horizontal manner,
and to arrange the internal planking diagonally, and where great strength is
required the series of wood, iron, and wood may be duplicated or tripled.
The hull thus constructed admits of being sheathed with copper or other
sheathing metal, and thus obviating one of the great objections to iron ships;
while in the case of ships of war the arrangement of wood and iron in accord-
ance with this Invention will prevent the disastrous consequences occasioned
by the fragments of iron when ships built entirely of that material are struck

page_text: by shot, at the same time much greater facility being afforded for repairing
the shot holes.
The deck of the ship or vessel may be constructed upon the same principles
as the hull, in which case it may be desirable to place the lower or under
planking transversely or across the ship.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PART OR PARTS OF APPARATUS COMMONLY USED AND APPLIED FOR EFFECTING THE PICK IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bury at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1859.
I, GEORGE BURY, of Everton, near Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PART OR PARTS OF APPARATUS COMMONLY USED AND APPLIED FOR
EFFECTING THE PICK IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The improvements which constitute my said Invention are applicable to
looms of that construction in which the picker is ordinarily connected or
attached to the picking stick by a cord or leather strap, and they consist in
the substitution for the strap or cord before mentioned of a flexible metallic
connection, such as an iron chain, and also in the application of a metal ferrule
encircling or enveloping the end of the picking stick, for the purpose of
strengthening the same, and of facilitating the secure attachment thereto of
the aforesaid chain.
THE MANUFACTURE OF SWEET FIGGED SOFT SOAP
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pool Balfern and Murdoch
McKay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th April 1859.
We, WILLIAM POOL BALFERN and MURDOCH MCKAY, both of Hammersmith,
County of Middlesex, Soap Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF SWEET FIGGED SOFT SOAP,'
to be as follows, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a figged soft soap that shall
possess all the cleansing properties of the stinking soft soap now in use without
its disagreeable smell..
For the formation of this kind of soft soap we first prepare caustic leys by
mixing 100 parts of American potash with 80 parts of lime, and a sufficiency
We then
of water, and boiling the same until it becomes completely caustic.
pour into the soap pan 200 parts of the said prepared leys at 18° Baumé, and
bring it to the boiling point, when we add 14 parts of tallow. This being
dissolved and the liquor boiled for 15 minutes, we add 14 parts of oleine,
obtained from palm oil in the manufacture of candles, or otherwise. After a
further boiling of 15 minutes, we add 28 parts more of oleine, and so continue
to add and boil until 100 parts of oleine have been incorporated and saponified.
Should the mixture not be sufficiently clarified, the addition of a little leys at
22° Baumé will produce the desired effect. The whole is then left in the soap
pan until the following day to cool down.
AN IMPROVED BOX OR CASE SUITABLE FOR HATS, COLLARS, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stewart Margetson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
January 1859.
I, JOHN STEWART MARGETSON, of Cheapside, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOX OR CASE
SUITABLE FOR HATS, COLLARS, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects prevention of bruising or tumbling the
contents, exclusion of dust, and easy access to the interior of the box or case.
A piece of scale board, cardboard, pasteboard, light sheet metal, or other
light substance, is cut into a strip the necessary width, and is then bent into
a cylindrical or other suitable form, after which it is surrounded by or placed
into a bag or reticule made in a like form, having a bottom inserted. The
upper part of said bag projects above the top edge of the wooden pasteboard
or metallic lining, and is provided with eyelet holes, through which cords are
passed. Upon drawing these cords in opposite directions, the mouth of the
box or case is instantaneously closed by reason of the folds in the upper part
of the bag. The bag or covering may be formed of leather, American cloth,
linen, canvas, or other light suitable fabric or material, the main object being
to dispense with the lid or cover ordinarily used, which is at times mislaid, or
being a little out of shape is difficult to adjust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Clarkson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1859.
I, THOMAS CHARLES CLARKSON, of No. 56, Stamford Street, Blackfriars, in
the County of Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND
OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
I use a mould or last of the required size, and having placed on the bottom
thereof a sock or cushion, I draw a stocking fabric over such mould and sock,
and coat such stocking with a solution of india-rubber and sulphur, or other
suitable liquid cement. I then stick by the solution a strip of leather of
suitable width at the edge of the bottom of the mould, and afterwards, by the
solution, stick sheet cork of suitable thickness to the stocking fabric on the
mould, taking care to have the cork wrap over the bottom edge of the last.
In some cases I then place thereon, either with or without strips of cork,
layers or strips of curled hair about one inch apart, and afterwards affix with
the solution another layer of cork, and having, if necessary, rasped it, I coat it
with the solution, and afterwards cover it by causing thin calico by means of
such solution to stick thereto. I then take thin sheet cork of nearly the
shape required for what is termed by shoemakers the counter and side lining,
and cause it to adhere by the solution, of an extra thickness at the heel, and
round the edge near to the bottom of the foot, and rasp off the edge that
stands up, so as to make it thin at the top; and in some cases I also place

page_text: strips of curled hair, and stick them by the solution in between the first
foundation and the second or third lamina or layer; I then coat the whole
with the solution, and cover it with another thin calico as before, bringing the
calico or other fabric over the under edge of the mould; I then, if required,
put on a second thickness of cork on the bottom. If the shoes or boots are
to be covered with leather or other covering, I coat the parts to which it is to
be applied with the solution, and stick such covering thereon in the manner
before described, and having applied the solution to the bottom, I affix the
sole and heel, and place the boot or shoe in a lathe and turn the heel to the
size required, and polish it in the ordinary way of turning wood; this heel
can be attached either by solution, or by screws. Before putting the outer
cover on the shoe or boot, I cut the top of the said shoe or boot the shape
required, and I adopt a similar process for making boots, saddles, knapsacks,
shakos, helmets, and many other articles, and give them the form and thick-
ness required. In some cases I introduce strips or pieces of wood, or other
suitable material of convenient size across or along the sole between the layers
of the soles of boots and shoes, and in other articles to give them rigidity or
thickness.
AN IMPROVED FORM OF REGULATOR, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO WATER WHEELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fréderic Vasserot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
July 1859.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FORM OF REGULATOR, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO WATER WHEELS," a com-
munication from Ferdinand Gabet, residing at Bermerain, Nord, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
I mount a ball or pendulum governor of the usual form, and give motion to
it from the prime mover, proceeding also from the water wheel, and moved
through a pinion; in connexion with it are two spindles in a line with each
other, having on each adjacent end a bevel pinion, the other end of the one
having the pinion through which motion is communicated from the water
wheel; the end of the other spindle having an endless screw formed upon it by
means of a spur pinion or hook placed between the two bevel pinions, and
actuated by means of a series of levers from the collar of the ball governor,
these latter are threwn in and out of gear, and the endless screw when the
pinion is in motion, acts either directly or through a system of gear wheels
upon the rack fixed upon hatch or sluice which admits the water to the wheel;
thus, suppose the motion of the wheel to be too great, this velocity will be-com-
municated to the ball governor, and by means of the action of the arms on the
collar and through the levers, will throw the bevel gear wheels into action,

page_text: and through them the spindles with the endless screw, and again from this upon
the rack of the hatch or sluice so as to close the aperture by which the water
is admitted, and thus diminish the speed of the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dean, James Parkinson,
Edmund Riley, and William Burton, at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th May 1859.
We, JOHN DEAN, Cotton Manufacturer, JAMES PARKINSON, Manager,
EDMUND RILEY, Overlooker, and WILLIAM BURTON, Mechanic, all of Syke Mill,
Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements apply to "Smith's self-acting mules," as improved by
the arrangements for which Letters Patent were granted to James Beckett
and William Seed, numbered 1520, and dated the Sixth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, and to that
modification of Beckett and Seed's improvements upon "Smith's self-acting
mule," which is provided with arrangements for producing a slower motion
when the "carriage" is out, just before the "fallers" begin to descend, which
slower motion is brought into action by a toothed clutch box arrangement, to
which we find great objection: Now, our improvements consist in substituting
a friction clutch box arrangement in place of the toothed clutch box hitherto
used, which overcomes the objection referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING AND DECOLORIZING SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Reynolds at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1859.
I, HENRY REYNOLDS, of Denmark Hill, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFINING AND DECOLORIZING SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The main object of this Invention is bleach or decolorize saccharine
substances, such as sugar, molasses, treacle, &c., by other means than, or in
combination with, animal charcoal, and to effect this purpose economically.
In following out experiments with a view to the above object, I have noticed
the effect of meta-stannate of alumina on the coloring matter of saccharine
substances, as also of the stannate and meta-stannate of lime as well as the
free meta-stannic and stannic acids; and several other chemical compounds
of tin, for example the protochloride, and perchloride, the sulphate, the
bichloride, and nitro-muriate, also the stannates of soda and potash. My
Invention consists in the employment of these agents for the purposes
above named, and I find no difficulty in their subsequent removal from
the substances treated.
In applying this Invention, I mix the meta-stannate of alumina, or any
of the several agents before named, in about the proportion of 1 part of the
base to about 1000 or 2000 parts of sugar, according to the intensity of its
color; I boil the whole, and as the scum rises to the surface, it brings with it
the whole of the base, with more or less of the coloring matter; this scum is

page_text: removed in the ordinary manner. The solution is then passed through the
filtering bags as usual, and also through a bed of animal charcoal if the
color is not sufficiently discharged; the animal charcoal will also remove
any remaining trace of the decolorizing agent employed. In order to
overcome the odour in sugar or saccharine substances, caused by the use of
blood in their clarification, I add a minute quantity of chloride of zinc to the
saccharine liquor, which prevents this unpleasant effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thomson Pattison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1859.
I, ROBERT THOMSON PATTISON, residing at Daldorch House, in the County
of Ayr, in Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS AND YARNS,"
to be as follows:-
I take a preparation from milk, commonly called lactarine, as described in
the enrolled Specification to my Letters Patent, dated at Westminster, the
Second day of November One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, for
"An Improved Preparation or Material for Fixing Paint or Pigment Colors
on Cotton, Linen, Woollen, Silk, and other Woven Fabrics." Of this prepara-
tion called lactarine (I take, for example, one and one half pounds in weight
and dissolve the same in six pints (imperial measure) of boiling water, by the
action of one pound weight of carbonate of soda crystals mixed therewith.
The solution thus obtained I print on the fabric, which when dried I expose
to the action of steam in the usual manner; I then take the fabrics as thus
prepared, and agitate or winch them in a preparation of milk of lime, in its
caustic state, at a suitable temperature, and at a strength of about six degrees
of Twaddell, for a period of about ten minutes, more or less, according to cir-
cumstances; I then wash the fabrics as thoroughly as practicable, in order to
get quit of the superfluous lime, and thereafter subject the same to the process

page_text: of dyeing, in the usual manner practised by calico printers or dyers, with the
requiste preparations of orchill, cochineal, picric, of other analogous coloring
matters intended to be used.
In treating or applying to yarns my Invention, I follow the same process in
all respects, as above described, with reference to woven fabrics, with this varia-
tion, that yarns may either be printed with the solution obtained by dissolving
lactarine by means of carbonate of soda in crystals, or be simply saturated with
that solution.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGU- LATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN PREVENTING THE ACCUMULATION OF DEPOSIT THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1859. Partly a communication from Charles Wilson Copeland, residing
at New York.
I, ROBERT GRIFFITHS, of 69, Mornington Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGU-
LATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN PREVENTING THE
ACCUMULATION OF DEPOSIT THEREIN," to be as follows:-
According to this Invention, in order to regulate the pressure of steam in
steam boilers, the steam is caused to act on apparatus in connection with the
damper, so that the apparatus may partially open or close it, according as the
pressure is less or greater than that which it is wished to maintain.
The apparatus consists of a tube or bag of vulcanized india-rubber or other
material, the interior of which is subject to the pressure of the steam; on the
tube or bag a plate rests, and is pressed down on it by a lever and a weight
or spring; as the pressure of the steam increases, it raises the weighted lever,
and the motion is communicated to the damper by a wire or otherwise.
In order to prevent the accumulation of deposit in steam boilers, I employ
within the boiler a number of balls made of metal, wood, or other material,
and reduced to the same or as nearly as may be to the same specific gravity
as the water by making them hollow, and loading them as may be necessary.
These balls are kept in constant motion by the currents within the boiler, and

page_text: thereby prevent the deposit adhering to it. These semi-floating bodies are not
necessarily of a globular form, in some cases they may conveniently be made
of a cylindrical or other form; globular bodies of a greater specific gravity
than the water may be employed, though less advantageously, for the same
purpose, the globular bodies being placed within the boiler, so that the
currents of the water therein may carry them about over the surface of the
boiler. The accumulation of deposit is also prevented by employing a rod
passing through the end of the boiler by a ball and socket joint, which prevents
the escape of water, and allows the rod to be turned about as may be required.;
the end of the rod may have a rake or other tool fixed on it to facilitate its
action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND USEFUL APPLICATION OF CERTAIN ALKALINE SILICATES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUOR SILICIS OR LIQUID FLINT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gossage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1859.
I, WILLIAM GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND USEFUL APPLICATION OF CERTAIN ALKALINE SILICATES, AND IN
THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUOR SILICIS OR LIQUID FLINT," to be as follows:-
My improvements apply to the manufacture and useful application of
silicate of potash, silicate of soda, and silicate of lime. In the ordinary
manufacture of such alkaline silicates as are soluble in water (which are
known as soluble glass), it is customary to melt together siliceous sand or
flints with carbonate of potash or carbonate of soda, using such alkaline
carbonates as are commonly met with in commerce. These alkaline carbonates
always contain a portion of sulphate of potash or sulphate of soda, which
becoming decomposed in the operation of melting, produces sulphuret of
potassium or sulphuret of sodium, and this being mixed with the soluble glass
produced, occasions the presence of alkaline sulphuret in the solution or
"liquid flint" obtained from such soluble glass, which alkaline sulphuret is
hurtful in some of the applications of soluble glass.
My Invention consists, firstly, in using for the manufacture of such glass
carbonate of potash or carbonate of soda which has been previously deprived
or nearly deprived of sulphate of potash or sulphate of soda, and I thereby

page_text: obtain soluble glass of such quality that the solution or "liquid flint produced
from it is free or nearly free from alkaline sulphuret.
My Invention consists, secondly, in the application of such solutions as I
have herein designated as "liquid flint" to rendering stones, bricks, wood, and
other building materials impermeable to water, and thereby protecting buildings
constructed of such materials from damp and decay; also to rendering paper
hangings and distemper coloring applied to walls sufficiently resistant to water
to admit of these being cleansed by washing, and to the production of water-
proof fabrics by causing insoluble silicates to be precipitated from "liquid flint"
in the fibres of fabrics constructed of linen, cotton, or other fibrous materials.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in the manufacture of silicate of lime, by
decomposing solutions of silicate of potash or silicate of soda by means of
caustic lime, or carbonate of lime, or by boiling such native silica as is
readily dissolved by caustic alkali with a mixture of caustic lime and caustic
potash, or soda dissolved in water, by which means I obtain silicate of lime in
such state or condition as renders it usefully applicable for promoting the
growth and strength of plants.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORSETS AND STAYS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bailey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1859.
I, JOHN BAILEY, of Dunstable, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORSETS AND STAYS,"
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
corsets and stays, and consists in applying strips of reticulate or open-work fabrics
(made with longitudinal warps and transverse wefts by ordinary shuttle looms)
at intervals from top to bottom of the stays or corsets; and also in applying
such fabrics as gussets or otherwise, so as to admit of a ready passage of air
through those parts where such open-work fabrics are applied. The open-work
fabrics may be of cotton, linen, silk, or other suitable fibre, and the same may
be woven of varied patters, so long as the weavings are open to admit of the
free passage of air through them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Thomas Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1859.
I, DAVID THOMAS JONES, of Headless Cross, in the Parish of Ipsley, in
the County of Warwick, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the following method of shifting and
adjusting the shares of ploughs. A vertical screw is carried by a mortice
block, which slides on a horizontal bar placed across the plough at its back or
behind the share. The lower end of the said screw engages in a slot in the
lever of the share, and the upper end of the said screw is terminated by a
thumb-nut. The mortice block in which the said screw works is fixed in its
place on the bar on which it slides by means of a thumb-screw.
By the said
vertical screw and mortice block any motion of the share, whether vertical or
horizontal, can be effected.
My Invention consists, secondly, in the following method of altering the
drawing tackle of ploughs. A bridle on the end of the beam of the plough is
made to rise and fall vertically by means of a screw passing through its head.
The said bridle is connected with the said beam by the vertical sides of the
said bridle working in dovetail grooves in the sides of the said beam. A
horizontal screw is supported at its ends by the said bridle the said screw

page_text: passes through a plate in the drawing chain, and by turning the said screw by
means of a winch or handle on its end, the plate in the drawing chain is made
to advance in either direction on the said screw, and the inclination of the
drawing chain to the plough varied at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CLEANING OR LAYING THE DUST OF PAVEMENTS, ROADS, OR OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Tooth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TOOTп, of No. 3, Spring Terrace, Wandsworth Road,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CLEANING OR LAYING THE DUST OF PAVEMENTS,
ROADS, OR OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in arranging tubes, piping, or other vessels for
the conveyance of water along the faces of buildings, the coaping stones of
railways, the curb stones of streets, or along the sides of railway platforms,
paths, yards, stable floors, or other places requiring to be occasionally cleansed,
or the dust laid upon them, such tubes or vessels being placed near to the
surface of the ground, or at a convenient height from the same, and having
slits or perforations along them for the issue of the water; and being connected
with the ordinary water main, or with a tank or other reservoir suitably
situated, or the tubes may be charged, when required, by attaching to them a
flexible tube or tubes connected with any convenient water supply; cocks may
be arranged at any convenient distances along such tubes, or at the ends or
one end only, so as to distribute and regulate the charge of water to them.
Instead of metal tubes, flexible tubes may be used, having perforations or slits
in them, and if necessary, such perforations or slits may be fitted with metallic
eyelet holes or bushes, in which case the said tubes need not be permanently
fixed in proximity to the ground, but being connected with any convenient

page_text: water supply, may be laid out when required and removed after the cleansing
or dust-laying operation has been concluded. In some cases it may be con-
venient to attach metallic tubes to flexible tubes, or to otherwise joint metallic
tubes, so as to admit of their being turned up out of the way when not in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS, SPOOLS, AND COP TUBES, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cutts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January
1859.
I, WILLIAM CUTTS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS, SPOOLS, AND COP TUBES, AND IN THE MACHINERY
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in manufacturing such articles of
paper pulp or other suitable liquid or plastic substance which is capable of
being pressed into the form required. In performing my Invention, I make
use of a table containing any convenient number of holes of the shape of the
exterior of the article to be made; the pulp is allowed to run into these holes
from a cistern provided with agitators; when the holes are full of pulp the
table is brought under a series of mandrils or punches of the size of the
spindles on which the bobbins, spools, or cop tubes are to fit; these punches
pass through a stripping plate, and in descending into the holes in the table,
they compress the pulp against the inner surface of the said holes, thereby
forming at one stroke as many bobbins, spools, or cop tubes as there are
punches; the bobbins, spools, or cop tubes are stript off the punches by the
stripping plate above mentioned, and collected in a suitable receiver. By
employing two series of punches, and giving a lateral to-and-fro motion to the

page_text: table, the operation may be greatly expedited. I wish, however, to remark
that the machinery may be considerably modified, and that for some articles it
will be requisite to form moulds of two or more parts which will separate, to
liberate the articles moulded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Rawbone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1859.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE RAWBONE, of Gloucester Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
The main object of my Invention is the formation of an elongated breech
chamber, for the reception of the powder, of less diameter than that of the bore of
barrel, and in forming an annular shoulder in the front of this chamber for the
projectile to rest upon, and thereby prevent the powder being compressed
by the projectile being rammed or driven down thereon. In order to apply my
Invention to existing arms I insert a tubular breech therein and screw or
otherwise fasten it into the rear end of the barrel.
Another part of my Invention consists in carrying the "bar," which extends
forward from the percussioning the whole length of my improved breech
chamber.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR BORING AND DRILLING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peers Scott and Edward
Scott, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th October 1859.-A communication from abroad by Constan-
tin Von Longinoff, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia.
We, JOHN PEERS SCOTT and EDWARD SCOTT, both of the City of Manchester,
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
INSTRUMENT FOR BORING AND DRILLING,"-A communication from abroad by
Constantin Von Longinoff, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia, to be
as follows:-
This improved instrument is particularly applicable in boring or drilling rock
for blasting, but it may be used for other purposes. The instrument con-
sists of a centre portion which is wedge-shaped or slightly curved, and two
cutting edges, the centre portion projects beyond the cutting edges. When
the instrument is in operation it must be struck by a hammer and turned
gradually round as is customary in using boring instruments of the usual
construction. The holes bored by this improved instrument are cylindrical
throughout, and consequently of the most advantageous form for blasting,
when charged with gunpowder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-CLAY GAS RETORTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1859.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Fire clay Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-CLAY GAS RETORTS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the use of certain additional ingredients in the
manufacture of fire-clay gas retorts for the purpose of increasing the durability
and improving the refractory nature of such retorts. In carrying out this
Invention in practice to the ordinary fire-clay from which retorts are at present
made there is added a certain proportion, varying from one-fourth to one-
sixth, of ground or reduced quartz, and about one-third, more or less, of cal-
cined fire-clay properly ground or reduced. This composition is still further
improved by the addition of a small proportion of coke or carbonaceous matter.
The proportions will vary in all cases with the nature of the fire-clay used in
the manufacture, but when properly combined the new composition adds
greatly to the durability of the retorts.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF INCREASING THE TEMPERATURE OF WATER FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS OR VESSELS FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Mac Naught, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, and John Leigh Taylor, of Bolton, in the same County,
Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
INCREASING THE TEMPERATURE OF WATER FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS OR
VESSELS FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 22nd May 1860, and dated the 26th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Mac Naught
and John Leigh Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 26th November 1859.
We, WILLIAM MAC NAUGHT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and JOHN LEIGH TAYLOR, of Bolton, in the same County, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF INCREASING THE TEMPERATURE OF
WATER FOR FEEDING
STEAM BOILERS OR VESSELS FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention consists in passing the feed water through a
heating apparatus heated by a furnace separate and independant from the
furnace of the steam boiler. Secondly, the Invention consists in placing a
tube or tubes in the main flue of the boiler or boilers, and first passing the

page_text: feed water through this tube or tubes, causing it to pass thence through a
heating apparatus with a separate and independant furnace, and from thence
into the boiler or steam generator; and the flue of this heating apparatus may
be turned into the main flue of the boiler, so as to give its surplus heat to the
heating tubes therein, or it may be conveyed into any convenient part of the
main flue or chimney used for heating the feed water by the surplus heat from
the boiler or boilers, or the feed water may be passed first through the heating
apparatus heated with the separate furnace, and then into the tube in the
main flue, and so to the boiler. The Invention consists, thirdly, in placing a
tube or tubes in the main flue of the boiler so as to be exposed to the surplus
heat from the boilers (as in the second part), and providing a furnace in or
connected with this main flue, so that its heat will act upon the said tubes, and
add to the surplus heat from the boilers, forcing the feed water through this
tube or tubes before passing it into the boiler.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hamp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1859.
I, CHARLES HAMP, of Harrow Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to lever locks, and consists in constructing same with
two distinct and separate sets of levers, each operated upon by the "bit" or
"bits" of the key; and this Invention further consists in forming the keys of
lever locks with two "bits," in some cases one shorter than the other, each
of such said "bits" being intended to operate upon each of the aforesaid sets
of levers for locking and unlocking the same; it is also proposed, in some
cases, to employ a loose curtain attached to the case of the aforesaid lock,
with a key-hole formed therein corresponding with the short and long "bits"
on the key, the use of the said curtain being to enable the key to be removed
from the lock when it is locked.
In- PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rock Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1859.
I, JOSEPH ROOK COOPER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the methods herein-after explained of connecting
the barrels of breech-loading fire-arms with the break off of the said fire-arms,
by which methods of connection the charge and discharge of the said fire-arms
may be rapidly effected; on the face of the break-off is an axis, parallel to the
axis of the barrel. The said axis on the break-off may either be on one side
or underneath the line of the barrel. The said axis enters a hole formed in a
knuckle on the side or under side of the barrel, and the barrel is secured to
the axis in any convenient manner, so as to have freedom of motion upon
the said axis.
By turning the barrel aside upon the axis, the open breech end of the said
barrel is presented, and the charge may be readily inserted. By turning back
the barrel, its open end is brought against the face of the break off, and is
thereby closed. The barrel may be held in its place securely, and pressed
firmly against the break-off during discharge by a wedge-formed catch on
the said break-off, with which catch the breech end of the barrel engages as it
approaches the position proper for discharge. I sometimes make the axis on
which the barrel turns of a screw, which said screw takes into a concave

page_text: screw in the barrel. By this method of construction, the barrel is drawn
tightly against the face of the break-off as the said barrel is brought into the
position proper for discharge.
My Invention is applicable both to single and double barrel breech-loading
screw in the barrel. By this method of construction, the barrel is drawn
tightly against the face of the break-off as the said barrel is brought into the
position proper for discharge.
My Invention is applicable both to single and double barrel breech-loading
fire-arms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPE MOUNTS OR STEMS, CIGAR TUBES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1859.
I, WILLIAM BROWN, of 4 and 5, Edgar Place, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, Pipe Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPE MOUNTS OR STEMS, CIGAR TUBES,
AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make or manufacture the stems of pipes,
cigar tubes, or such like similar articles of the ordinary English pipe clay, in
lieu of the bone, horn, or other substance heretofore used for that purpose, and
ornamenting it either in moulds or by hand to represent the pipe stems, mounts,
or cigar tubes now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING EXTRACTS PROM LIQUORICE ROOT
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander William Williamson, of University
College, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING
EXTRACTS PROM LIQUORICE ROOT."
Sealed the 17th June 1859, and dated the 19th April 1859.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander William William-
son at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 19th April 1859, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
WILLIAM WILLIAMSON, of University College, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING EXTRACTS FROM
LIQUORICE ROOT," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a greater amount of liquorice
extract than is obtained by merely boiling the roots in the ordinary manner.
For this purpose I boil the spent roots (i. e. the roots already extracted by
water) with a dilute solution of caustic alcali for two or three hours, and
evaporate the solution thus obtained, together with the one previously pre-
pared by the use of water alone. The operation is performed in the following
manner, namely:-A convenient quantity of air-dry roots is weighed out and
extracted by water in any convenient manner. The residue of this operation

page_text: is next immersed in fresh water containing dry potash dissolved in the
proportion of about ths of a per cent. of the original weight of dry root.
Part of this proportion of potash may be replaced by an equivalent quantity
of caustic soda, that is, by a quantity of soda capable of saturating the same
amount of acid. After sufficient boiling of the mixture of root and alcali,
the decoction is separated from the residual solid matter and evaporated to
dryness or any convenient consistency, together with the aqueous solution
previously prepared by water from the same quantity of root.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is the
employment of an alcali in making extracts of liquorice root.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander William Williamson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
: ALEX". W. WILLIAMSON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS FOR BURNING OILS AND TALLOW
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Palling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1859.
I, FRANCIS PALLING, of Esher Street, Lambeth, County of Surrey,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS FOR BURNING OILS AND TALLOW," to be as follows,
that is to say-
My first improvement consists in forming my lamp with a tube rising from
the reservoir up to the point of combustion; within the reservoir I place a
piston which may either be actuated by a weight or a spring, or a screw to
press it downwards. The wick is suspended or fixed at the neck of the lamp
in the usual manner, except that near the point of combustion I pass it
through an angular formed piece of wire gauze or asbestos. The reservoir
being charged with oil, grease, or tallow, mixed or separate, the piston is
gradually pressed down upon the oil, and forces it up the small tube before
mentioned, from whence it is discharged on the wick at the point of combustion.
Another small tube passing from the same point carries any waste or surplus
oil into the reservoir again. Instead of causing the oil to ascend up the tube,
the piston may be constructed with a valve so as to allow the oil to pass
through it, and through the pressure of the piston be caused to ascend up the
neck of the lamp to the point of combustion.
The next improvement consists that in addition to the before-mentioned

page_text: arrangements I fix to the small discharging tube or terminate it in a perforated
ring or disc within or on which I place a small piece of wick or asbestos; this
being lighted produces sufficient heat within the ring or disc to vapourize the
oil, which then burns as gas without wick. Also in constructing my fountain
lamp I place or fix or suspend underneath the burner a small cup or vessel
which collects the surplus oil, and also regulates the flame and prevents
smoke.