IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
Sealed the 25th January 1856, and dated the 15th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1855.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
RAILROAD CHAIRS " to be as follows:--
The object of this Invention is to manufacture wrought-iron railway chairs
in a cheap and expeditious manner. For this purpose the following arrange-
ment of machinery is employed:-Mounted in a suitable frame is a pair of
dies, for holding fast the metal when fed into the machine while under the
operation of cutters and shaping dies. To the main driving shaft is secured a
cam, for operating a lever, which depresses the moveable holding die. The
metal is cut by a pair of roller shears, which are forced upwards by a second
lever, operated by a second cam also on the driving shaft; the operation of the
rollers being to cut the grain of the metal more perfectly than by a fixed or
punching cutting arrangement. On each side of the machine one of a pair
of bending or shaping dies is situate, the same being attached to the ends of
levers operated by cams on the ends of the driving shafts. These shaping dies

page_text: bend over the lips of the chair as they are cut, and raised by the action of the
roller shears, so as to give them the form of the upper holding die. The chair
when properly shaped is discharged from this die, round which it is lapped by
the forked termination of a rod, which is operated by cams on the driving shaft,
it being projected forward as the shears and shaping and holding dies are
restored to their original position, and when the chair is pushed from the head
of the die returned to its quiescent position..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th February 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of August, in the year.of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred. Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING RAILROAD CHAIRS," being a com-
munication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-

page_text: This Invention consists in arranging and combining with a suitable frame a
cam shaft, which through a rocking lever depresses a die that holds fast the
metal which is to form a railroad chair while being cut by a pair of roller
shears, such shears being forced upwards by a second lever operated by the
same cam shaft. Also in combination with the said roller shears two adjust-
able benders, secured at opposite sides of the machine and operated by cams
on the ends of the cam shaft, for the purpose of bending over the lips of the
chair as they are cut and raised by the action of the roller' shears, so as to give
them the form of the die from which, when the chair is shaped, it is discharged
by the action of a forked rod or plunger.
But to describe this Invention more particularly I will refer to the accom-
panying Drawing, wherein the same letters of reference refer to like parts in
all the Figures.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine; Figs. 2 and 3 are back and side
elevations of the same; Fig. 4 is a section of the machine through the line x, x,
of Fig. 5; Fig. 5 is a plan view; Fig. 6 is a detached view of the roller shears
and dies; Fig. 7 is a detached view of the discharging rod and cams as
arranged on the main shaft for operating it; Fig. 8 is a detached view of the
lever for operating the upper dies and cam on the main shaft for working the
same. A is the frame of the machine, made of iron; at its front it carries a box
or slide way B, in which the shear stock C works; in the head of the shear
stock is secured at each side shear holders D, D. These work in dovetails cut
in the shear stock, so as to admit of the shears being adjusted laterally, as may
be required, for various kinds of work. Between ear pieces in these shear'
holders are arranged rollers E, E. The use of these are very important, and
constitute a very essential part of the present Invention. By employing rollers
to cut the lip of the chair, the grain of the metal is not drawn, as would be the
case in using a device analogous to punching, and at the same time less power
is required in the operation. F is a bent lever, having its fulcrum at G, and
intended to operate the shear stock and shears. The upper or back end of this
lever is acted upon by a cam H on the driving shaft I, so that as the toe of
the cam depresses the back end of the lever, the front end; working in a slot J
in the shear stock, raises it to cut the metal held by the dies K and L. K is
the lower and stationary half of the die, it being firmly secured to the face
of the frame, so as to resist the pressure of the upper and moveable half of
the die L, which is secured in a stock M, working in a case or box N; secured
to the front of the machine at the upper side, similar to the case for holding.
the shear stock at the lower side of the front of the frame.
The movable die L is made so as to have a certain aniount of motionin

page_text: the stock vertically, and for that purpose slots n, n, (shewn best at Figs. 4
and 6) are cut in the die stock, and the movable die is supported by means of
a pin p, which passes through it. The object of this motion is to allow the head
of the die to drop down as the stock is being lifted, after the chair has been
bent upon it, for the discharger O to be projected out, to effect the discharge
of the chair preparatory to the next revolution of the machine. This die and
the stock in which it is secured is operated by a bent lever P, having its
fulcrum at Q in the upper part of the machine. This bent lever is operated by
a quadrant-shaped cam R on the driving shaft I, which, by means of a collar S
attached to the end of the lever P, and working on the shaft I, also operates to
lift the die stock after the chair has been formed. T, T, are the benders, which
are arranged by means of adjusting screws t, t, and t, t, in the stocks U, U,
working in slides V, V, secured to the front of the machine in an oblique
position, so as to press from above downwards to bend the lip of the chair per-
fectly down upon the die. These benders are operated by means of levers
W, W, secured by fulcra X, X, to the sides of the machine frame, and having
their back ends working in channel ways in cams Y, Y, ou the end of the
driving shaft I. The operation of these cams is to give an outward and lifting
motion to the back ends of the bender levers, so as to operate the benders in
the right direction for the purposes required, and withdraw them in time for the
action of the discharger rod O. This discharger at its front end is forked and
otherwise shaped, so as to fit the sides of the movable die as it is projected out
to discharge the chair. The back end of the discharger is attached to a collar
piece Os surrounding the driving shaft I, upon which are two cams Z', Z³,
which alternately act on the collar of the discharger rod, to remove the chair
from the die, and to withdraw the rod again before the down stroke of the die
is repeated.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The piece of iron for forming
the chair having been prepared, it is placed upon the fixed half of the die (to
facilitate which, guides will be used in a working machine), and rotary motion
is given to the driving shaft. The quadrant-shaped cam R then, by acting
upon the lever P, forces down the upper half of the die L upon the plate of
iron, and while this is being done, the cam H on the driving shaft depresses
the end of the lever F, and raises at the front end the shear stock and roller
shears to cut and bend up the lip of the chair, which having been done, the
cam H (having passed its greatest diameter) lets the shears drop in time to
allow the cams Y, Y, on the ends of the driving shaft (through the levers
W, W,) to force in the benders, and complete the operation of cutting and
bending the lip to form the wrought-iron railroad chair. When this is done,

page_text: the cams Y, Y, draw back the benders, and the quadrant-shaped cam R, acting
upon the lower side of the collar on the end of the lever P, lifts the stock of
the upper half of the die, which, dropping down in the slot in the stock, allows
the cam Z' on the driving shaft to project the discharging rod O forward and
thrust the chair from off the die. The cam Z' then comes into operation, and
withdraws the discharger, and the machine is again ready for a repetition of
the operation.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of Improved Machinery
for Manufacturing Railroad Chairs, and explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent I claim,―
First, the combination of rollers with adjustable shear stocks for cutting and
shaping the lips of wrought-iron railroad chairs, substantially as herein-before
set forth, and their combination with the dies used for the purposes set forth,
and made and operating as described.
Secondly, I claim the use of a movable drop upper half or female die, and
its combination with a stock, substantially as set forth, and their combination
with the discharging apparatus, arranged and operated substantially as herein-
before set forth.
Thirdly, I claim the use of adjustable and removable benders in bender
stocks, in. combination with the levers and cams for operating the same
in an oblique direction, for the purposes set forth, and their combination
with the dies and cutters, for the purpose of making wrought-iron railroad
chairs.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFAtt,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)