IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING AND TREATING OR PREPARING FIBROUS TM MURTATO
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brown, the younger, of the Town and
County of Selkirk, North Britain, Manufacturer, and Simeon Bathgate,
of the same Place, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING AND TREATING OR PREPARING FIBROUS
TM MURTATO "
Sealed the 2nd August 1859, and dated the 14th June 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Brown and
Simeon Bathgate at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th June 1859.
We, WILLIAM BROWN, the younger, of the Town and County of Selkirk,
North Britain, Manufacturer, and SIMEON BATHGATE, of the same Place,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING AND TREATING OR PREPARING
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to various improved mechanical arrangements to be
used for carding and treating or preparing fibrous materials, and it consists in
the first place of the successful application to carding engines or machines of
fluted iron feeding rollers of small diameter, as well as the form or construction
and the mode of working or applying them. These small fluted rollers are
fitted so as to engage their respective flutings between or through which the
Price d

page_text: Each roller
wool or other fibrous material is passed for delivery to the intake cylinder or
roller of the engine; they are geared together to work in concert by means of
a pair of brass spur pinions, the pinion on the lower roller being keyed on,
whilst that on the upper roller is fastened on by an end nut.
spindle has a long journal or bearing, with a collar or shoulder between the
bearing and the pinions, and the two are held together by binding straps,
fitted with bearings adjustable at will by locking nuts.
Another head of the Invention relates to the application of shutters or plates
for closing in the curved triangular spaces at the junctions between the main
cylinder and the "fancy" and doffer, to prevent the currents of air which
are generated by the main cylinder, and the fancy, or by local circumstances
from disarranging the wool or fibrous materials, especially at or near the ends
of the rollers. These plates afe so fitted up as to answer as perfect air
screens, and they have sight holes cut in them for observation purposes, and
fitted with loose covering turnplates. The frames for finishing carding engines
and condensers as constructed according to this Invention are made of an
improved form, and so contrived as to admit of the two, or upper and lower
doffers, being carried upon the carding engine frames, and of the condenser
being readily withdrawn from the carding engine. An improved mode is also
adopted for working two separate combs (for taking the wool or fibrous
materials off the two doffers) by means of one shaft and double crank studs;
this shaft has a fly wheel on each end of it, which fly wheels have plates
attached to carry crank studs; and these studs carry at their outer ends other
plates, which again have crank studs in them. In this way two sets of crank
studs are obtained for working the two arms of the separate and independent
doffer combs.
The Invention also comprehends an improved roving condenser, for
operating upon and taking away the fibrous material from the two doffers,
and forming the same into continuous rovings or cardings (suitable for being
slubbed or spun) by means of combined tubes and rollers. A short horizontal
shaft, driven by a belt pulley from the main cylinder, carries at one end a
bevil pinion in gear with the main driving wheel for the tube and roller
gearing. This wheel is keyed fast on a long boss running loose on a stud, and
having a spur wheel fast upon it, also immediately behind it. These two
wheels drive the entire train of roving condenser apparatus; in each there is a
composite spur and skew bevil wheel, which wheel, as in all the set, runs
loose upon a sliver or roving tube, the front end of which carries a plate with
bearings in it for the two plain delivery rollers, the spindle of each of which

page_text: carries a skew bevil pinion in gear with the skew bevil teeth of the composite
wheel, so that as the latter rotates it actuates the two rollers through these
bevil pinions. The back portion of the tube, which is trumpet-mouthed to
receive the sliver, has keyed upon it a spur wheel of the same size as the
composite wheel. In this way, as the tube, back spur wheel, and front com-
posite spur and skew bevil wheel and rollers are all driven in concert, the two
rollers, in addition to working upon their own axes, also revolve round the
centre of the tube, and thus form the fibres into a continuous sliver. The.
collecting rollers of machines, usually termed condensers, are also traversed
according to an improved plan, and an improvement is effected in the bearing
upon the frames which carry the rollers for the rubbing leathers of condensers
and similar machines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Brown and Simeon Bathgate in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th December 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BROWN, the younger, of the Town and County of Selkirk, North Britain,
Manufacturer, and SIMEON BATHGATE, of the same Place, Engineer, send,
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her.
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Brown, the younger, and Simeon Bathgate, Her special license
that we, the said William Brown, the younger, and Simeon Bathgate, our.
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William.
Brown, the younger, and Simeon Bathgate, our executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING AND TREATING OR
PREPARING FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,.
the said William Brown, the younger, and Simeon Bathgate, by an instru- .
ment in writing uuder our hands and seals, should particularly describe and

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calender months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Brown, the younger, and
Simeon Bathgate, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference, being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
Our said invention relates to various improved mechanicalarrangements to
be used for carding and treating, or preparing fibrous materials, and it consists
in the first place of the successful application to carding engines or machines,
of fluted iron feeding rollers of small diameter, as well as the form or con-
struction, and the mode of working or applying them. These small fluted
rollers are fitted so as to engage their respective flutings between or through
which the wool or other fibrous material is passed for delivery to the intake
cylinder or roller of the engine. They are geared together to work in concert,
by means of a pair of brass spur pinions, the pinion on the lower roller being
Each
keyed on, whilst that on the upper roller is fastened on by an end nut.
roller spindle has a long journal or bearing with a collar or shoulder between
the bearing and the pinions; and the two are held together by binding straps
fitted with bearings adjustable at will by locking nuts.
Another head of the Iuvention relates to the application of shutters or plates
for closing in the curved triangular spaces at the junctions between the main
cylinder and the "fancy" and doffer, to prevent the currents of air, which
are generated by the main cylinder, and the fancy, or by local circumstances
from disarranging the wool or fibrous materialsespecially at or near the ends
of the rollers. These plates are so fitted up as to answer as perfect air screens,
and they have sight holes cut in them for observation purposes,and fitted with
loose covering turn plates. The frames for finishing carding engines and con-
densers as constructed according to this Invention, are made of an improved
form, and so contrived as to admit of the two, or upper and lower doffers
being carried upon the carding engine frames, and of the condenser, being
readily withdrawn from the carding engine. An improved mode is also
adopted for working two separate combs, (for taking the wool or fibrous mate-
rials off the two doffers) by means of one shaft and double crank studs. This
shaft has a fly wheel on each end of it, which fly wheels have plates attached to

page_text: carry crank studs; and these studs carry at their outer ends other plates, which
again have crank studs in them. In this way two sets of crank studs are
obtained for working the two arms of the separate and independent doffer
combs. The Invention also comprehends an improved roving condenser, for
operating upon and taking away the fibrous materials from the two doffers,
and forming the same into continuous rovings or cardings (suitable for being
slubbed or spun) by means of combined tubes and rollers. A short horizontal
shaft driven by a belt pulley from the main cylinder carries at one end a bevil
pinion in gear with the main driving wheel, for the tube and roller gearing.
This wheel is keyed fast on a long boss ring loose on a stud, and having a
spur wheel fast upon it also immediately behind it. These two wheels drive
the entire train of roving condenser apparatus. In each there is a composite
spur and skew bevil wheel, which wheel as in all the set runs loose upon a
sliver or roving tube, the front end of which carries a plate with bearings in
it for the two plain delivering rollers, the spindles of each of which carries a
skew bevil pinion in gear with the skew bevil teeth of the composite w hee,
so that as the latter rotates it actuates the two rollers through these bevil
pinions. The back portion of the tube which is trumpet-mouthed to receive the
sliver, has keyed upon it a spur wheel of the same size as the composite wheel.
In this way as the tube, back spur wheel, and front composite spur and skew
bevil wheel, and rollers, are all driven in concert, the two rollers in addition
to working upon their own axes, also revolve round the centre of the tube,
and thus form the fibres into a continuous sliver. The collecting rollers of
machines usually termed condensersare also traversedaccordingtoan improved
plan, and an improvement is effected in the bearing up of the frames which
carry the rollers for the rubbing leathers of condensers and similar machines.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the explanatory Sheets of
Drawings we have hereunto appended, for the purpose of showing certain
modifications under which our improvements may be judiciously carried out in
practice, that is to say, Figure 1, on Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings
is a transverse vertical section of one modification of our improved feeding
arrangement; Figure 2 is an elevation of a portion of the rollers sufficient to
show the arrangement and construction of this part of our improvements;
and Figure 3 is a longitudinal elevation of a carding engine or machine
having a portion of our improvements applied thereto; Figure 4 is an enlarged
sectional end elevation of a portion of one of the condenser side frames, to
show the arrangement for moving this part of the machinery or apparatus

page_text: to and fro; Figures 5 and 6 are side and end elevations of our improved
mechanical arrangement for actuating the combs of a carding engine arranged
with two doffers; Figure 6 is a front elevation of a portion of our improved
roving condenser or apparatus for forming or arranging the fibres of the wool
or other textile material under operation into continuous rovings or cardings
suitable for being slubbed or spun; Figure 7 is a plan of the apparatus cor-
responding to Figure 6. Figure 1 on Shect 2 of our illustrative Drawings is
an elevation of a carding engine having our improved arrangement for tra-
versing the collecting rollers of condensers applied thereto; Figure 2 is an
elevation of a portion of the mechanical arrangement for actuating the rollers;
and Figure 3 is a plan corresponding. Referring to the improvements deli-
neated in Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, the first of these improve-
ments is in the arrangement and construction of the rollers for gathering and
feeding into the machine the wood or other fibrous materials to be carded.
The framing A of the carding engine, consists of the ordinary open panelled
side frames or standards which are connected by cross stay frames. Above
and transersely to the side standards, and in immediate contiguity to the
intake roller B, are arranged two fluted iron feeding rollers C and D. These
rollers are arranged one above the other slightly out of the perpendicular, so
that both are at an equal distance from the teeth of the intake cylinder or
roller B, the fluted parts or teeth of the rollers take one into the other, and by
their rotatory movement take up and carry forward the wool or other fibrous
materials. At the parts immediately beyond the flutings, the rollers C and D
work in brass bushes which are fitted in the binding straps E, the extremities
of which are screwed, and pass through laterally projecting lugs formed on
the lower bushes. To the ends of the straps E are fitted the jam nuts F, by
means of which the bearings of the lower roller may be raised or lowered so
as to adjust the position of the rollers relatively to each other, and to the
quantity of the fibrous material passing between them. The rollers C and D,
are made with long journals, on each of the outer ends of which is formed
a collar or shoulder G, the peripheries of these projecting parts coming
in contact prevent the rollers from being brought closely together. The
two fluted rollers work together, and at a uniform speed, by means of the
brass pinions H; the lower one of these pinions is keyed on the end of the
roller D, and the upper one is secured on by the nut I, which is screwed on
to the end of the journal. Motion is communicated to the bottom roller D
by spur gearing at the other side of the carding engine, or in any other
convenient manner.

page_text: Our next improvement relates to the application of a shutter or plate applied
to each side of the carding engine or machine, for the purpose of covering in
the triangular space or opening between the main cylinder and the "fancy"
and the doffer. This improvement is shown in Figure 3, on Sheet 1 of the
accompanying Drawings. The side standards A have bolted to them the
"bends"
or segmentally-shaped frames J, above which the periphery of the
main carding cylinder K extends. To the upper part of each bend is fixed a
bracket L, the two opposite brackets serving to carry the axle of the "fancy,"
as the roller or cylinder M is technically designated. Immediately behind the
brackets L, and close to the ends of the rollers are arranged the shutters or
plates N, which are fixed to the brackets of the framing; these plates serve
to prevent the admission of currents of air between the main cylinder K, the
"fancy" M, and the upper doffer O, as well as to prevent the current of air,
which is put in motion by the rotatory movement of the main cylinder and
fancy from disarranging the wool or other fibrous materials, more particularly
near the lateral extremities of the rollers. Each of the plates N has a circular
aperture formed in it to admit of inspection of the working of the fancy. This
aperture is covered by a loose swinging plate P, which is indicated by dotted
lines in Figure 3 on the accompanying Drawings. In this way, whilst the
same facility as heretofore is afforded for inspecting the working of carding
engines, the arrangement of the plates Neffectually prevent the derangement
of the fibres and injury which arises from the unchecked circulation of the air.
In constructing the frames of carding engines according to our improve-
ments, as applied to finishing carding machines and condensers, the "bends"J
have cast thereon, or bolted to them, the brackets Q, in which are fitted the
bearings for the axle of the upper doffer O. Corresponding brackets Rare
cast on the ends of the side frames A, which support, in like manner, the
lower doffer S. Outside the brackets Q and R, and parallel thereto, are
arranged the side frames T of the condenser or apparatus, by means of which
the carded fibrous material is formed into rovings ready for being slubbed or
otherwise prepared. These side frames T consist of vertical standards con-
nected by horizontal rails, the upper and middle ones of which carry the
condenser apparatus. The lower part of these side frames form a broad foot,
as shown in the enlarged sectional view, Figure 4, Sheet 1; a rib is formed
on the under side of the foot, which fits into a corresponding groove in the sole
plate U. This arrangement of the side frames admits of the whole of the
condenser apparatus being readily moved back from the doffers when required.
In immediate connection with this part of the machinery is our improved

page_text: arrangement for working the combs, which take the wool or other fibrous
materials off the doffers O-and S. The pulley V on the main cylinder shaft
communicates motion by means of the endless belt W, after passing round the
pulleys of the principal cylinders or rollers is carried round the pulley X, which
is fast to a horizontal shaft arranged at the lower part of the side frames A.
The pulley X, by means of the belt X', gives motien to the borizontal shaft Z,
which is arranged near the lower part of the side frames T, and carried on
bearings fixed to the cross frames, which connect the side frames; on each
end of this shaft is fitted a fly wheel a, and to each wheel is attached a disc
or plate b, which carries a crank stud, which is fixed into the disc. This crank
stud passes through a wooden bush fitted in the forked extremity of the rod c,
which carries in its upper slotted end one of the comb bars d, the other extre.
mity of the bar being supported in a similar manner by the corresponding
arrangement on the end of the shaft Z. To the extremity of the crank stud
is fitted another plate or disc e, which also carries a crank stud passing through
the bush of the rod fof the upper comb bar g. With this arrangement, when
the wheels Zare put in motion, a rapid reciprocatory movement is imparted to
each pair of the rods or arms d and f, which carry the combs for taking off the
wool from the doffers. The vertical movement of the combs is in opposite
directions, the arrgement of the crank studs causing one comb bar to rise as
the other is descending, and thus balance each other. The extremities of the
comb arm studs work out through the vertical guides on the rails of the side
frames T; these guides serve to maintain the vertical position of the guide
studs for the comb bars during their elliptical reciprocatory traverse. As the
wool or other fibrous material is removed from the band cards of the doffers O
and S, the slivers are formed into continuous rovings or cardings by imparting
a longitudinal twist to the fibres, as the fleecy slivers come away from the
doffers.
Our improved mechanical arrangement for effecting this compound operation
of twisting and drawing is represented in end view in Figure 3, on Sheet 1
of the accompanying Drawings, and in front elevation and plan in the enlarged
views, Figures 7 and 8 on the same Sheet. To the side frames T of the
condenser apparatus is bolted the vertical bracket i, there is one of these on
the upper rail, and one on the second rail contiguous to the doffers. Each
bracket carries the bearings of a short horizontal shaft j,on which is fitted the
belt pulley ; this pulley, as well as that belonging to the lower condenser
apparatus, is driven by the belt 7, which derives its motion from the pulley m
on the main cylinder shaft, the belt being crossed so as to drive both the

page_text: pulleys in the proper direction. On the inner extremity of the shaft j is a
small brass pinion 2, which is in gear with the main composite spur and bevel
driving wheel o, by means of which motion is imparted to the whole of the
wheels in the condenser apparatus. The wheel o is keyed to a tubular boss p
which runs loosely on a stud projecting outwards from the carrying plate q,
which is bolted to the cross rail r; the stud plate q, like the others in the
series is made with a slot at the lower end so as to admit of adjustment, as
regards height, to correspond with the driving shaft or pinion. The tubular
boss has also keyed to it, behind the wheel o, a second spur wheels;
these two wheels drive the entire series of wheels in the condenser
apparatus, and the amount of stretch or draw to be given to the wool
or other fibrous material, is regulated by adjusting the relative sizes of
these wheels. Parallel to the stud plate q is a similar plate t carrying the
studs of the intermediate wheels u and u¹; the centre of the back wheel u
is eccentric to the wheel u', in order that it may correspond and gear
with the wheels, which is smaller than the composite wheel o.
The
intermediate wheel u gives motion to the spur wheel v, which is fast to
the trumpet-mouthed sliver or roving tube w. This tube is carried in the
duplex-forked ends of the bearing bracket, which is arranged parallel
to the stud plate t, and bolted to the rail . The roving tube c carries
loosely on its front extremity the composite spur and bevil wheel y, and
outside this wheel, but fast to the tube, the bearing plates, in the outwardly
projecting parts of which are fitted the bearings for the drawing rollers 1.
The projecting cheeks of the bearing plate z are made with overhanging ends
which form V edges to receive the grooved brasses in which the spindles of
the drawing rollers 1 work. The spindle at one end of each drawing roller is
prolonged outwards so as to overhang the skew bevil wheel y. To these pro-
longations of the two rollers are keyed the brass skew bevil wheels 2, which
gear with the bevil wheel y, on the opposite sides of the bearing plate z, as
shown to the right of Figures 7 and 8, in which the wheels are represented
edgewise, or as looking upon their teeth. But in the condenser apparatus to
the left the skew bevil wheels 2 are represented in a position at right angles
to the contiguous arrangement, that is to say, the spur wheel has been turned
round a fourth part of a revolution so as to place the upper wheel 2 with its
face presented to the eye. This arrangement of the condenser apparatus is
repeated for as many rovings or cardings as are required to be formed, the
notion of the first apparatus being communicated by means of the inter-
mediate wheels 3 to the second apparatus, and so on throughout the series.

page_text: The intermediate wheels 3 are carried on a stud projecting from the face of
the stud plate 4, the arrangement being similar to that of the intermediate
wheels herein-before described, excepting the eccentricity of the studs. In
this manner, as the wheels v are driven by the intermediate wheels u, the
fibres of the wool or other material are twisted spirally, whilst at the same
time the composite spur and skew bevil wheels y are driven by the inter-
mediate wheels u¹, which causes the wheels 2 to rotate, and so draw out the
rovings by the rotatory movement of the rollers 1. This compound mechanical
arrangement accomplishes the operations of twisting and drawing the fibrous
materials in a very superior and effective manner.
On Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings is shown another modification
of our improvements, in which the condenser apparatus is fitted with stripping
rollers for the doffers and collecting rollers for gathering the fibres together
before they pass in between the rubbing or condensing aprons.
Figure 1 Sheet 2 represents an elevation of a carding engine or machine
with our improved apparatus applied thereto; Figures 3 and 4 are an elevation
and plan of the improvements drawn to an enlarged scale. The wool or other
fibrous material is removed from the doffers A and B by the stripping
rollers C; the carded material is in all the Figures represented by the red
line D. As the stripping rollers remove the carded fibres from the doffers,
the fleecy web is carried on to the endless apron E, which derives its motion
from the roller F; these rollers are put in motion by means of spur gearing
arranged at the side of the machine. As a web of carded wool passes over
the apron E, it is first acted upon by the collecting roller H, the elongated
spindle of which passes through the pendent-forked ends of the rocking
lever I. This lever is centred on a stud J, which is carried in the stud
plate K; the front extremity of the lever I extends outwards, and is connected
by means of the stud K' to the stud plate L. This plate is attached to the
frames M, in which the spindles of the rollers N and O work; the frames M,
on either side of the machine, are connected by the central stretcher rod P.
Round the top rollers N and O passes the endless apron Q, between which and
the lower apron the carded material passes. The outer lateral extremity of
the frame M rests on the stud R, which is fixed in the slotted end of the stud
plate S, this plate being bolted to and projecting above the side frames T.
This arrangement admits of the ready adjustment of the frames M on either
side of the apparatus, so that the rubbing aprons can be set with facility to
the distance they are required to be apart. The frames M and the rollers and
aprons thereon are traversed by means of an upright shaft at the other side of

page_text: the condenser, which has a crank and connecting rod for the lower frames,
and a fly wheel with plate and crank stud and connecting rod for the upper
frames. This shaft is driven by bevil wheels from the horizontal shaft shown
under the condenser, or in any other manner convenient. With these several
improvements, the operations of carding, twisting, and drawing wool or other
fibrous materials is accomplished in a superior and more efficient manner than
with the ordinary machinery.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe, in conclusion, that what we consider novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for carding and treating or preparing fibrous materials, as herein-before
described and delineated in the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the system or mode of arranging and applying fluted feeding rollers
of small diameter to carding engines or machines, in the manner herein-before
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
of the same.
Third, the application and use of plates or shutters for closing in the spaces
between the main cylinder, the "fancy," and the doffer, for the purpose of
preventing the admission or circulation of currents of air which otherwise
disarrange the fibrous materials, as herein-before described and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing the frames of
finishing carding machines and condensers which admits of the two doffers
being carried on the frame of the carding machine, and of the condenser
frame being readily moved away from the carding machine when required,as
herein-before described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, the system or mode of working two separate combs for taking the
carded materials off the doffers by means of a horizontal shaft and double
crank studs, as herein-before described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Sixth, the system or mode of taking the carded wool, or other fibrous
materials from the doffers, and forming the same into continuous rovings by
means of the mechanical arrangement herein-before described and delineated
in Figures 3, 7, and 8, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, which
mechanism simultaneously effects the operations of twisting and drawing out.
the fibrous materials.

page_text: Seventh, the system or mode of traversing the collecting rollers or con-
densers of carding machinery or apparatus, as hereinbefore described and
shown in Sheet. 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth, the improved system or mode of bearing up the frames which carry
the rollers round which the upper rubbing leather traverses,so as to admit of
the ready and accurate adjustment of the two rubbing surfaces, as herein-
before described and shown in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Brown, junior, and Simeon
Bathgate, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth
day of December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
SIMEON BATHGATE. (L.S.)