IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS. TILES. AND PIPES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Murray, of Loman Street, in the
Borough of Southwark, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS. TILES. AND PIPES.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Murray
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th October 1875.
I, CHARLES HENRY MURRAY, of Loman Street, in the Borough of
Southwark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, ANd Pipes,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to simplify the construction of
brick, tile, and pipe making machines as to enable the same when built
of a moderate size to be worked with case by one attendant, and when

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Henry Murray in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HENRY MURRAY, of Loman Street, in the Borough of Southwark,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Henry Murray, Her
special licence that I, the said Charles Henry Murray, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Henry Murray, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND
PIPES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Henry Murray, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Henry Murray, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say)
The chief object of this Invention is so to simplify the construction of
brick-making machines as to enable the same when built of a moderate
size to be worked with ease by one attendant, and when constructed of
a larger size to deliver the work sufficiently rapid to occupy two
attendants situate at opposite sides of the machine in dividing up and
removing their respective quotas of the moulded bricks.
In constructing my improved machines, whether for the manufacture
of bricks, tiles, or pipes, I use the ordinary vertical pug mill, setting it
upon a clay receiving box, in which I mount a pair of horizontal
propelling screws for forcing the clay through the die in lieu of using
expressing rollers as heretofore. In the front of this box the moulding
dic is set, and in front of this die the ordinary cutting wire is provided
for severing into lengths the clay as it issues from the die propelled by
the rotation of the horizontal screws.
The clay as it issues from the die of the brick or tile machine is
received on to a roller, whence it passes to an endless apron carried by
tension rollers, and when the machine is intended to be worked by one
attendant only the axle of the front or foremost tension roller is fitted
at one end with a winch handle for giving it a rapid turn, and thereby
advancing the severed length of moulded clay clear of that which is
issuing from tho die.
This means of rapid propulsion enables the attendant without injury
to the moulded form of the severed length or block of clay to push the
same on to the cutting table by pressing with his hand against the rear

page_text: box E, the propelling screws F, F', of which in their turn force it out of
the die G in a continuous stream, first on to a receiving roller K, and
then on to the endless apron K' of the cutting machine. The shafts of
the propelling screws F, F', are geared together by spur wheels f, and
on the shaft of the screw F is a spur wheel f¹, into which gears a spur
wheel on the shaft I. When therefore the moulding machine is set
in action the clay will be discharged through the die at an uniform
pressure, the arrangement of gearing determining the relative speeds
of the pugging blades and the propelling screws. The apron K' is
supported by rollers k³, k', k³, which have their bearings in brackets Kª
projecting from the end of the cutting table L.
Fitted to the brackets K* is a sliding frame K' carrying a cutting
wire, which travels between the roller K and apron K' for cutting off
the clay as it is received on to the apron into lengths suitable for
forming therefrom any given number of bricks.
When a length of moulded clay sufficient for making, say six bricks,
has passed on to the apron, the attendant draws forward the cutting
wire and cuts the moulded clay through transversely. This being done
he traverses the clay forward on to the cutting table, and in front of the
fixed cutting wires by giving rotary motion with one hand to the 1
roller K', the axle of which is fitted with a hand wheel for that purpose,
and at the same time pressing with his other hand against the rear end of
the slab of clay.
Upon the table L is mounted in a suitable frame M a series of
stationary cutting wires m, and on the opposite side of the table is fitted
the pushboard N (see Fig. 4), which is made fast to a sliding bracket
piece N' supported on antifriction rollers » that enter a longitudinal slot
in the bracket casting. These rollers have their bearings in the main
framing below the table, and serve to steady the motions of the sliding
bracket N'.
The attendant by means of a handle n' attached to the bracket N¹
advances the pushboard against the clay lying upon the table, and
thereby presses the clay up to and between the cutting wires which sever
it into bricks as it is delivered on to the loose receiving board O.
By the above described arrangement of mechanism it will be seen
that one attendant is enabled not only to sever the moulded clay into

page_text: slabs as it issues from the dic, but also to divide up the slabs of clay
into six or more bricks, and to remove the bricks from the table to the
barrows for transport to the drying ground or sheds.
When constructing my improved moulding machine with a large
moulding capacity, I propose to employ two attendants at the cutting
table, and to provide for the delivery of the bricks at opposite sides of
the table alternately to give each man the same facility for working.
In Sheet II. of the Drawings Fig. 7 shows in transverse sectional
elevation, and Fig. 8 in plan view the cutting table modified to meet
this new condition.
The letters of reference in these Figures are similar to those used in
Sheet I., and refer to corresponding parts.
In this arrangement it will be seen that I fit both ends of the axle of
the front tension roller K' into a crank handle for giving the forward
motion to the clay at either side of the machine. I also make the push-
board double-acting, and provide the cutting table with two sets of
cutting wires sot opposite to each other, so that as the moulded clay is
brought up into line with them, it may be forced alternately between
the cutting wires on the opposite sides of the table. The pushboard N
is carried by a slide N¹ somewhat similar in construction and mounted
in like manner to the sliding bracket N', Fig. 4. This slide is cast with
rack teeth on its under side, into which gears a rocking segment rack P
having for its fulcrum an axle Q supported in suitable bearings in the
framing of the table. This segment rack is operated alternately from
opposite sides of the table by means of treadles P' which are bolted
thereto, and in such position relatively to each other that the depression
by the attendant at one side of the table of the one treadle to its lowest
position will bring the opposite treadle to the required height for
receiving the pressure of the foot of the attendant at the other side of
the table.
Instead of rocking the segment rack P by means of the treadles P¹,
a hand lever keyed to the axle Q may be used for this purpose. This
handle is shown at R, and it is situated in such position that the
attendants as they stand opposite their respective receiving boards will
be in a position to pull over the lever, and thereby give the push board
the requisite double action.

page_text: that as CITO
From the foregoing explanation it will be understood
attendants alternately rock the segment rack the pushboard will bo
caused to drive the clay to the right and left alternately, and thereby
sever the moulded slabs into bricks and deliver them on to receiving
boards at each traverse which it makes across the table.
I may remark that the double action cutting table may be made to
cut from six to twelve bricks at a time. When prepared to cut six
bricks, one attendant will bo required on each side of the table, but
when it is arranged to cut twelve bricks, four boys, two on either side
will be required.
When making flat tiles I provide horizontal as well as vertical cutting
wires, so arranged as to divide up the moulded solid block of clay by
horizontal and vertical cuts at one operation.
With respect to the manufacture of pipes I would remark that the
use of the propelling screws for taking the clay from the vertical pug 1
mill and forcing it through the die enables me to produce two or more
lines of well moulded pipes simultaneously, and to ensure their dischargo
from the die in a course parallel to each other.
ยี
1
This arrangement by avoiding the necessity for expressing rollers
effects a great economy in the motive power employed, and simplifies 2
the construction of the mechanism, moreover the waste of clay hitherto
experienced in the moulding of bricks, tiles, and pipes is avoided as all
the clay discharged from the propelling cylinder is moulded into shape
by the die.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improved 2
Machinery for Manufacturing Bricks, Tiles, and Pipes," and explained.
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood
that under the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim,―
First. In combination with a vertical pug mill horizontal propelling
screws (mounted in a clay receiving box that is fitted with a moulding a
die) for forcing the clay up to and through the moulding die, as and for
the purpose above explained.
Second. The means above described for giving a rapid advance to the
moulded slabs or blocks (towards the cutting table) immediately they

page_text: re evered from the stream of clay issuing from the moulding dic, for
he purpose above described.
Third. Fitting the cutting table with two sets of cutting wires, and a
louble-acting pushboard for working between the sets of cutting wires,
n the manner and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Murray, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, the Twenty-ninth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.