matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING PHOTOGRAPHIC, PRINTED, AND OTHER PICTURES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Gye at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January 1865.
-A communication from abroad by Louis Strelisky, residing at Dorothea
Street, Pestb, Hungary.
I, FREDERICK GYE, of the Wandsworth Road, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOUNTING PHOTOGRAPHIC, PRINTED, AND OTHER PICTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the so mounting photographic, printed,
and other pictures that peculiar effects are produced by reason of two pictures
in each case being combined with and superimposed one on the other on a
sheet of glass. The two pictures are produced on paper, one on thin paper, and
the other on ordinary photographic or printing paper as the case may be.
The picture on thin paper is made transparent by means of spermaceti, or
varnish, or other adhesive matter, and is made thereby to adhere to the glass.
In some cases the glass is ground or deadened on the side where the transparent
picture is applied. It is preferred in all cases that the two pictures should
be tinted or colored artistically according to the effect desired to be obtained,
but this is not essential. Supposing it is desired to mount two photographic
pictures according to this Invention, in order to produce a colored miniature
or colored picture of a person, two pictures are taken from the same negative
such as is used by artists when colored photographic pictures are to be pro-
duced, one picture is on thin photographic paper and the other on other
photographic paper. The picture on thin paper is tinted or colored and then
rendered transparent and caused to adhere to a sheet of glass by means of

page_text: spermaceti, or varnish, or sufficiently transparent cement. The other picture
is also tinted or colored and is placed carefully at the back of the other
picture and is retained correctly in position either by adhesive matter or
otherwise, and the whole so combined are then placed in a frame. In like
manner printed and other pictures are combined together and with sheets of
glass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith and Charles Ritchie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 80th August 1865.
We, GEORGE SMITH and CHARLES RITCHIE, both of No. 134, Upper Thames
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in brushes.
Rotatory hair brushes are now commonly employed for brushing the hair,
but they are not suitable for the long hair of ladies, as it is liable to lap
round the brush; to prevent this we introduce at intervals lengthways of the
brush blades or guards of flexible material, such as vulcanized india-rubber
or leather. These blades or guards as they pass round lift the hair out of the
bristles, so that at any time it is only the bristles at the part of the brush
immediately against the head which penetrate the hair. The guards may
conveniently be elastic bands stretched at intervals lengthways of the brush.
In order to support and give elasticity to the hairs, bristles, or fibres of a
brush, we pass them through a sheet of vulcanized india-rubber or elastic
material, and then fix them in a back beyond, or we support them on each
side with flanges of elastic material, such as vulcanized india-rubber fixed in
the back of the brush, so as to press and hold the hair, bristles, or fibres
between them, and when the material of which the brush is made is rigid,
like wire, it may be fixed into these elastic flanges in place of directly into
the back of the brush, thus a hard stiff surface is obtained in conjunction
with the elasticity due to the india-rubber or elastic flanges.

page_text: In making a brush to serve as a mat on which to wipe the shoes, we
combine with the bristles or hairs scrapers or scraping surfaces, consisting of
flanges of india-rubber or elastic material set in the back at intervals, so as to
divide up the bristles or hairs into bands an inch or two wide. The scrapers
may also in this case be strained bands passing across the brush from side to
side; the brush thus constructed will perform at the same time the operations
of brushing and 'scraping.
As a brush for sweeping gardens, and for similar uses, we employ a roller
with vulcanized india-rubber flanges passing spirally around; it is mounted on
a frame like the frame of a mowing machine, or of a rotating carpet broom,
so that as the frame is drawn or pushed over the ground the roller is rotated,
and the elastic flanges then take up any loose dust and throw it into a
suitable receiver on the frame, similar to that which in a mowing machine
takes the cut grass. A roller with strained bands may be similarly employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERMANENT WAY AND ROLLING STOCK OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kennedy Donald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1865.
I, JOHN KENNEDY DONALD, Manager of the Queensland Railways, but at
present residing at Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PERMANENT WAY AND ROLLING STOCK OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention has for its object to diminish certain discomforts experienced
in travelling by railway, and to reduce that wear and tear of the permanent
way and rolling stock which is due to the jolting or irregular motion of the
carriages.
The jolting referred to is partly due to the want of continuity in the
rails, and this defect is by this Invention partly remedied by having the rail
ends cut obliquely, so that before each wheel completely leaves one rail length
The defect is more completely
it is partly supported by the next one.
remedied by rolling the rails in halves as though divided vertically and longi-
tudinally. These half rails are bolted together with the joints on one side
disposed between those on the other side, and the joints are also by preference
cut obliquely. The inside longitudinal faces of the half rails may be made
slightly concave towards each other, so as to insure perfect contact at the top
and bottom edges.

page_text: According to another modification, very suitable where economy is an
object, two plain iron bars are bolted together with a thickness of wood
between them, care being taken to dispose the joints of the three thicknesses
so that no two joints ever occur together.
Jolting is also commonly caused by the unavoidable inequalities in the
draw springs of different carriages, the weaker spring of any two adjacent
carriages being always subjected to the severest and most irregular action.
By the present Invention this defect is remedied by connecting the draw
bar of each carriage by means of a screw coupling or the like to a rigid hook
upon the other carriage. There will thus be two couplings between every
two carriages, the spring of each carriage being acted on by a separate
coupling, so that when the weaker spring is drawn out the stronger spring
must receive its share of the strain.
ARTROVEREDO AR ATTAKATUB FOR STOPPING DUTTLES.
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Battle Austin, of the Firm of Alexander, Austin,
and Poole, of Victoria Wharf, Earl Street, Blackfriars, for the Invention
ARTROVEREDO AR ATTAKATUB FOR
STOPPING DUTTLES.
Sealed the 9th February 1866, and dated the 19th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Battle Austin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1865.
I, JAMES BATTLE AUSTIN, of the Firm of Alexander, Austin, and Poole, of
Victoria Wharf, Earl Street, Blackfriars, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING BOTTLES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for stopping
bottles. For this purpose I employ a taper plug of glass, or other material
capable of entering freely the neck of the bottle to be stopped, and at the top
of the plug is a head or flange larger than the neck. On the taper plug I
put an elastic and flexible sock of india-rubber; this sock is a tube closed at
one end, and with a thickened flange or edge at the other. The sock is nearly
twice the length of the taper plug, which is put into it until its end reaches
the bottom of the sock, and the open end of the sock is doubled over so as to

page_text: bring the thickened flange or edge back to the end of the plug. The sock is
by preference attached to the taper plug by a solvent or cement. When this
apparatus is put into the neck of a bottle it requires a twisting motion to force
it down, and the thickened flange or edge of the elastic sock then becomes
firmly jammed, so as to make a tight joint; when required the stopping
apparatus is readily drawn out by a direct pull by hand. In place of a sock
a tube of about half the length, and with a thickened flange or edge at its end
may be employed.
AN IMPROVED BIT FOR SUBDUING OR STOPPING RUN-AWAY OR RESTIVE HORSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules François Dubois at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June 1865.
I, JULES FRANÇOIS DUBOIS, of Rue de la Butte Chaumont, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BIT FOR SUBDUING OR STOPPING RUN-AWAY OR
RESTIVE HORSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in reversing at will the action of the bit by causing
it to operate on the upper bars and the roof of the mouth at the same time
that an ordinary curb acts on the forehead and upper part of the nostrils.
To carry out my Invention I bend forward the arms of the bit and unite
them by means of a small bar, to which a safety guide is fixed. This guide
passes over the musrol, the middle of the front, and the nape of the neck up
to the coachman's hand; if the bit arms are not united a forked guide or two
guides are then employed. The curb takes the form of the forehead, and is
composed of a small chain, or of a metallic band, or of the union of both.
Each of the extremities is attached to the upper part of the bit arms, and a
hook stops the curb in the middle. Therefore, if one or more safety guides
are pulled, the curb passes on the nostrils and forehead, but the bit presses on
the upper bars and roof of the mouth.
To shoe a restive horse the safety guide is attached to a ring set close the
withers, and the combined action of the bit and curb overpowers the horse.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF TRANSMITTING MOTION TO THE STYLES OR HANDS OF THE DIALS OF COUNTERS USED FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE DISTANCES PUBLIC VEHICLES OR PRIVATE CARRIAGES TRAVEL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mathieu Julien at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1865.
I, MATHIEU JULIEN, senior, of No. 13, Rue de Richelieu, Paris, Depart-
ment of the Seine, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TRANSMITTING MOTION TO THE
STYLES OR HANDS OF THE DIALS OF COUNTERS USED FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING
THE DISTANCES PUBLIC VEHICLES OR PRIVATE CARRIAGES TRAVEL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved mode of transmitting motion to
the styles or hands of the dials of counters for cabs and other vehicles.
If a tube filled with water and closed tightly by a piston at each end be-
employed, and at one end a pressure applied to one of the pistons sufficient
to cause it to enter the tube, this pressure by the almost absolute incom
pressibility of the liquid will be transmitted to the opposite piston, and
will move it onward the same distance as the first piston is moved, and
vice versa.
In one arrangement I obtain this result by the following apparatus,
in which india-rubber membranes are substituted for the pistons, or elastic
bellows at each end will answer the same purpose. For the sake of greater
clearness I will continue to give the membranes the name of pistons. I
put the compressing piston in action by means of a cam or eccentric fixed
to the boss of one of the wheels of the carriage, and connect the second

page_text: piston by a hinged rod to the style or hand of the dial, to which style is
given the reciprocating motion received from the action of the liquid,
fluid, air, or gas employed as a transmitting agent. The transmitting
agent is contained in the cylinders containing the pistons, and also in an
intermediate tube which unites the cylinders together, the said intermediate
tube being sufficiently flexible to yield to all the movements of the carriage,
one of the cylinders being fixed to the body of the vehicle, and the other
cylinder connected by jointed rods to the eccentric fixed to the boss of one
of the wheels. It is evident that each movement of the piston or elastic
membrane communicating with the wheel will be instantly communicated
to the piston of the style or hand of the dial, and thus indicate the distance
the vehicle has travelled.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING MEAT, AND IN OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Morson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1865.
I, ROBERT MORSON, of Queen's Square, Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING MEAT, AND IN OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating meat, and in
obtaining products therefrom. For these purposes meat, with or without the
bones, is crushed between rollers or by other mechanical means. The ground
or reduced product is then boiled in fat, which, together with the meat, is
run into boiling water and allowed to cool. The fat separates and floats,
whilst the meat and water remain combined. The extract thus obtained is to
be filtered and then evaporated to any desired extent to render the same
portable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF METAL BEDSTEADS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Berkeley Hamilton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1865.
I, HENRY BERKELEY HAMILTON, of East Street, Manchester Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Bedstead Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE
OF METAL BEDSTEADS," to be as follows:-
The object of my improvements in the manufacture of metal bedsteads
is to secure perfect ease, cleanliness, and economy, and the means principally
consist in making the whole of the framing of galvanized iron, the cross
pieces (usually termed laths) of the best Welsh wire fringed, bordered, or
looped (as in embroidery) at the edges; the ends are attached by screws, or
are to work by slot and pin, as may be desired, and are also attached to
spiral springs of the ordinary constructer, which latter are secured on two
arched flat iron or steel bars.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF IGNITING CIGARS, CIGARETTES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Laurieston Willyams
Kneller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th December 1865.
I, CHARLES LAURIESTON WILLYAMS KNELLER, of Manchester Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF IGNITING CIGARS,
CIGARETTES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "An Improved Mode of Igniting Cigars, Cigarettes,
and other similar Articles" consists in adapting to that end of-the cigar
which it is intended to ignite some composition or preparation which will
ignite when friction is applied to it, as is the case when it is required to
ignite lucifer matches, vesuvians, and other articles of that class.. I do
not propose to limit myself to the use of any particular igniting composi-
tion, but I prefer to employ for the purposes of my Invention the well-
known composition of which "vesuvians" are made.
In carrying out my Invention I adapt to the end of the cigar, cigarette,
or other articles a small lump of paste made of a. mixture of gunpowder
and pulverized charcoal mixed with gum. solution, which will cause the
paste to adhere to the tobacco just as it now adheres to the wooden stem

page_text: of the "vesuvian." On the end of this lump of carbonaceous paste is
applied the igniting composition, and when this is ignited by friction in the
usual manner it will ignite the lump of carbonaceous paste, which will
remain incandescent long enough to enable the smoker to thoroughly
ignite the tobacco, after which the lump of carbon may be knocked off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beardmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1865.
I, WILLIAM BEARDMORE, of Parkhead, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the arrangement of
furnaces used for puddling and reheating iron, as well as the generation of
steam and other generally similar purposes. The improvements result in the
burning of the fuel much more economically than is done under the existing
arrangements for carrying on combustion. The furnace, whether used for
puddling or reheating iron or placed beneath a boiler, consists essentially of
a hollow rectangular, circular, or other shaped trough in which the fuel is
placed, being covered over at the top and having vertical or inclined fire-bars
at the end, through which the air passes horizontally among the layers of
fuel, and thus the combustion is maintained. An opening or openings are
made in one end or on the top of the furnace through which the fuel is
admitted as may be required, and in some instances a hollow bridge is employed
through which heated air is admitted into the body of the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kirkham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1865..
I, JOHN KIRKHAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is more particularly applicable to the securing of rails to
the chairs at the end of each rail when the ends of the "fish plates" are
held by the said chairs, but my improvements may be used for securing the
rails to the intermediate chairs between the chairs at the two ends of each
rail. My Invention consists in forming the chairs with a square hole in one
jaw, so that the head of a bolt can pass through the hole and come against
the rail or fish plate, the screw end of the bolt passing through the rail
and fish plates and wedge or packing (if any) and through the other jaw of
the chair, so that when the screw nut on the bolt at the outside of the jaw
of the chair is secured, the rail or the rail and ends of the "fish plates" and
wedges or packing (if any) will be firmly bound laterally to the chair.. If
required a screw nut may be also screwed on a projection from the head
of the bolt passing through the square hole in the chair, so that strain
upon the rails may be brought upon both jaws of the chair. In place of the

page_text: square hole in the jaw of the chair a hole of any other form may be made
so as to admit the head of the bolt or a nut and prevent it from turning round,
and instead of the nut being placed upon the outside of the chair, the nut may
be inserted in the square or other formed hole in the jaw of the chair, the head
of the bolt in this case coming to the outside of the chair, and another nut may
also be placed upon the screw end of the bolt, but so as to screw against the
jaw of the chair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Green and John William
Heinke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th July 1865.
We, ROBERT GREEN, of Mortimer Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Upholsterer, and JOHN WILLIAM HEINKE, of Great Portland Street, in the
same County, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of "Improvements in Fire-arms" relates to a means
of exploding the powder or charge without the use of any detonating
composition or priming, in place of which we propose to ignite the powder by
means of an electric spark from an electric battery. To this end we form in
the butt of a gun, musket, rifle, or other arm a recess capable of receiving a
magneto-electric or other battery, capable of developing when required &
spark which will ignite the powder of a charge. Conducting wires from the
two poles of the battery are properly insulated in the usual way, and are
passed through the breech end of the fire-arm into the barrel, into which they
project, so that their exposed ends may be inserted into the charge of powder.
As the breech of fire-arms is always made of metal, it must be provided
with a plug of some non-conducting material, such as glass or porcelain,
through which the insulated wires may be passed. The points of the wires
must be brought into such proximity in the interior of the barrel that upon
setting up a current of electricity in the conducting wires, an electric spark
will pass from one pole to the other, and in so doing will ignite the powder
and discharge the arm. The mode of setting up an electric current in con-

page_text: ducting wires so as to produce a spark is well known, but a convenient mode
of applying it to the purposes of this Invention consists either in adapting to
the trigger & pinion, which when partially rotated will, by means of toothed
wheels or other suitable gearing, set in motion the magnet, and thus develop
the electric current, or in adapting to the trigger a detent, which when
released, will allow the magnet to rotate by the force of a spring adapted for
the purpose. Any other method of developing the spark may however be
employed, provided that the making and breaking contact, whereby the spark
is developed, be effected by pressing back the trigger or any other equivalent
device for setting the electrical apparatus in action temporarily for the
purpose of producing the spark at the proper moment to explode the charge.
In- PROVEMENTS IN PUNKAHS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwin Marsh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 19th August
1865.
I, JOHN EDWIN MARSH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN PUNKAHS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the employment of certain mechanical appliances
to work punkahs without manual labor; this I effect by using a train of wheels
and movements similar to those exhibited in the accompanying Diagrams.
(a) is the main case which encloses the working parts, the plates (b, b',) of
which are drilled to receive the spindles (c), the plate (b) being screwed to
the ceiling, and a series of spur wheels (d) are fixed on these spindles, and so
arranged as to work on each other in a continuous train of multiplying wheels.
The centre spindle (c) carries the last pinion, the intermediate wheel (d')
communicating motion from the series to the centre; this centre spindle (c¹)
projects beyond the outer plate (61) to receive a crank arm (f), the extremity
of which is attached to the punkah fan, but owing to its length it is shewn
broken off. (9) is the fuse box containing a double spring (h), one end of
which is secured to a small spindle (i), fixed in each side of the fuse box, the
other end being fastened on a spindle (j) passing through the fuse box, and
received by the outer plates (6, 6',) but projecting beyond the plate (6¹) to
form a square end or arbour for the key to wind up the springs; on this
spindle () is also fixed a ratchet wheel (k), with pawl engaging above it, to

page_text: check the springs from flying back suddenly after being wound up; (1) is what
is termed the tumbler wheel, mounted on a spindle (m), which also receives a
cone (n), both being fixed thereon; this cone (n) is so formed as to receive a
chain (o) wound round it, one end of which engages on the rim of the cone (n),
the other engaged on the rim of the fuse box; thus does it follow that after
winding up the springs, they directly commence the process of releasing them-
selves, causing the fuse box to rotate. The chain (o) being held at its one end
on the fuse box, gradually winds itself on the same, and unwinds from the
cone; this latter motion necessarily causes the cone (n) to revolve, and con-
sequently, the tumbler toothed wheel (l), the movement of this wheel (1)
actuating the entire train of spur wheels (d), which communicate motion to
the cranked arm (f), the movement of which gives to the punkah fan an
oscillating or to-and-fro movement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES AND IN THE PREPARATION OF TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Marsden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August
1865.
I, CHARLES MARSDEN, of Kingsland Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES AND IN
THE PREPARATION OF TELEGRAPH WIRES," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of my Invention is to permit of great battery
power being employed without causing the copper wires to be united by fusion.
My Invention consists in placing round each wire, after having-received one
coating of gutta percha or other like insulating material, a pipe formed by
preference in two halves longitudinally of glazed terra cotta, porcelain, or
other like glazed ware, glass, or vitreous composition; such pipes are
placed at intervals of say two inches more or less, and I prefer each pipe
to be about an inch long, and then I add a coating of gutta percha or other
like insulating material. As many wires coated and protected as aforesaid
as may be required are used to form a cable.
My Invention further consists in embedding any number of wires protected
as aforesaid or otherwise in gutta percha or india-rubber to form a core,
and in encasing this core in a metal tubing, formed as hereafter described,
I make metal tubing in two halves longitudinally and make the ends stepwise,
reversed on each end, at one end I make two apertures to receive two nuts

page_text: or studs rising from the next length, and I form a groove for the reception
of wire, whereby to tie one length of pipe to the next and so on. I thus
form a strong and flexible joint. For convenience of coiling I prefer the
length of the pipes not to exceed six inches. My cable may be used without
further outer covering or the tubing may be covered by hemp or other rope.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE- ABMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Paton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1865.
I, EDWARD PATON, of the City and County of Perth, North Britain, do
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-
ABMS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in "fowling pieces'
and rifles essentially relates to a very simple method of making such fire-arms
to load at the breech, at the same time offering great facilities for the con-
version of existing muzzle-loading pieces into breech-loaders. According to
one method of carrying this Invention into practice the barrels are fitted with
a hinge on the under side, by which they are united to the stock; a projecting
hook is also formed on the under side of the stock, by means of which the
barrels are locked in position for firing. The piece of metal forming the
breech plate is extended along the stock, and a hole is formed in it, through
which the hook on the barrel passes; a moveable catch working in the stock
enters the hook when the barrels are brought down into firing position. The
catch may be arranged in various ways; in some instances it is caused to
move laterally on a pin or centre, a thumb lever being fixed at the lower or
under side of the stock, by which it is actuated so as to unlock the barrels,
and when the barrels are locked the catch is held in the hook by means of a
spring.
Under a second mode of arranging the catch the part catching into
the hook is formed in one or two pieces with the trigger guard:

page_text: Under a third mode of arranging the catch the catch itself is held upon a
horizontal pin fixed into a piece of metal extending from the breech plate
along and into the stock, the catch having formed on it a thumb lever, which
projects at the front of the guard; a spring presses against the under side of
the catch, so as to force it into the hook when the barrels are locked.
In all the afore-mentioned methods when it is desired to load the gun or
rifle the catch is merely moved out of the hook by thumb pressure, when the
barrels are immediately tilted upon the
the hinge in position for loading; the
cartridges are inserted, and the gun is ready to be fired in a very short space
⚫oft time.
It is preferred to use pin cartridges in connection with this Invention,
but central fire and other cartridge may also be used. One great advantage
of this Invention is the great facility which it offers for the altering of existing
muzzle-loading fire-arms into breech-loaders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephenson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June 1865.
I, JOHN STEPHENSON, of Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES," to be as follows :-
My Invention is an apparatus to be attached to the ends of the ribs of
umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades, for securing the edge of the silk, cotton,
alpaca, or other fabric of which the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is made.
My Invention consists in a small hollow cap, composed of japanned metal,
bright metal, or any other suitable material, and made in any ornainental
design. The upper portion of the hollow in the said cap is to be made with
a female screw to fit a corresponding screw on the extremity of the ribs of the
umbrella, parasol, or sunshade; the said cap may also be made of indian-
rubber, or gutta percha, or other equally elastic material, but in this case the.
screws would be dispensed with; the lower portion of the said cap is to be
made large, so as to embrace the silk, cotton, alpaca, or other fabric which is
to be secured by pinching the cap by means of a pincers or other suitable
apparatus.
My Invention also refers to rendering the silk, alpaca, or other fabric of
which the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is made thicker and stronger, and

page_text: consequently less likely to wear down the fold between the ribs, as is usually
the case. This I effect by applying a strip of indian-rubber solution or other
waterproof solution, or a strip of chemically prepared waterproof fabric on the
inside between the ribs, either in a liquid state or by the application of heat or
other processes known in the trade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND TREATING GUNPOWDER IN ORDER TO RENDER THE SAME UNEXPLOSIVE, AND TO PROTECT IT FROM DAMP
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August 1865.
I, JAMES GALE, junior, of No. 8, Devonshire Terrace, Plymouth, Electrician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING AND TREATING GUNPOWDER IN ORDER TO RENDER THE SAME UNEXPLOSIVE,
AND TO PROTECT IT FROM DAMP," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing and treating
gunpowder in order to render the same unexplosive and to protect it from
damp. For these purposes I mix the gunpowder_with_a_composition consisting.
of powdered or crushed glass mixed with powdered or crushed flint, or, in
place of the latter, ivory or bone black may be employed. I prefer to use ten
parts of powdered or crushed glass to one part of powdered or crushed flint, or
of ivory or bone black. I prepare the glass by pounding or crushing it, an
operation which is facilitated by heating it and plunging it in water. Glass
prepared in this manner is much more suited for the purpose than glass pre-
pared by grinding. Glass powder prepared by pounding or crushing, or it may
be otherwise prepared, may be employed alone or without admixture of flint,
or ivory, or bone black, but it is not so efficacious. Powdered earthenware
or pottery, burnt clay or brick dust, or powdered slag from iron and other
furnaces, or clinkers from kilns, or sand melted into a slag and powdered, may
also be employed. The high heat to which all these substances have been
exposed removes any tendency to absorb moisture. To render gunpowder

page_text: incapable of ignition, and to protect it from damp, I mix these substances or
compounds with the gunpowder in the proportion of about three or four parts
to one of gunpowder. A smaller proportion will check or prevent explosion.
When the gunpowder is required for use it is separated by sifting or other
similar mechanical operation..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Payton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1865.
I, WALTER PAYTON, of No. 20, Westbourne Terrace, North Paddington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING WATER OR OTHER
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
By the means or apparatus according to my improvements the inlet and
the outlet passages are each formed double, so as to be closed by a pair of
valves, the pressure of the liquid on which is rendered neutral or nearly so.
The chamber into which the water or other liquid passes to be measured is.
provided with a moveable cover acting as a float or piston which rises with, the
flowing into this chamber of the liquid to be measured, and. the upper part
of this chamber above the float opens into another chamber which, acts as
an air chamber, and by its having communication with the passage for the
measured liquid it also acts as a reservoir of the measured liquid. The water
or other liquid to be measured passes into the measuring chamber by one
pair of the equilibrium valves whilst the outlet passages from the measuring
chamber are closed, and the flowing of the liquid into the measuring chamber
causes the float to rise to a point capable of being varied or regulated when
it acts to alter the position of a balance weight, causing that weight to change

page_text: the position of the two pairs of valves by closing the inlet valves and opening
the outlet valves, when the liquid in the measuring chamber will pass away
therefrom until the float in its descent again acts upon the balance weight
to cause it to reverse the position of the inlet and outlet valves, when the
outlet valves will be again closed and the inlet valves opened as before, and
A passage capable of being closed is provided for supplying air
when desired to the reservoir chamber. I also in some cases apply an air
vessel to the inlet pipe to check the effect of momentum of the liquid at the
change of position of the valves.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RENDERING WOOD INCOM- BUSTIBLE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Alphonse Maurice Chaulin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1865.
J, LOUIS ALPHONSE MAURICE CHAULIN, of No 18, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RENDERING WOOD INCOM-
BUSTIBLE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in steeping the wood in a solution of borax or boiate
of soda, and thus causing it to penetrate the pores and take the place of the
sap Several means may employed for effecting this, that is to say :-
First, by plunging the wood into the liquid above mentioned, and boiling
the whole for from six to forty-eight hours according to the tenderness of the
wood.
Second, by drying the wood in an oven, and whilst hot injecting it in the
nsual manner employed for creosote and sulphate of copper. The quantity
of borax employed would necessarily vary with that of the wood to be thus
prepared.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS AND IN THE WHEELS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
September 1865.-A communication from abroad by Alexander Skelton,
of Paterson, in the State of New Jersey, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS AND IN THE
WHEELS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to obviate the hammering of the ends of the
rails by the carriage wheels in passing over the joints of the same. This
hammering of the ends of the rails is caused by the weight of the carriages,
the wheels depressing the ends of the rails as they approach the joints, and
consequently striking forcibly against the prominent ends of the adjoining
rails.
The Invention is further designed to prevent accidents now caused by the
breaking of the flanges of the wheels. The ordinary wheels are very liable
to have their flanges broken, and if the flange of one wheel is broken both
wheels of the same axle are liable to leave the track.

page_text: The Invention consists in making or casting the wheels with a central flange
and with a tread at each side thereof, and in using on either side of the track
double rails or two rails set side by side, their heads being just so far apart
as to allow of the central flange of the wheel entering between them, and thus
serving to keep the wheel from moving laterally in either direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER, AND IN CONNECTING HOT WATER AND OTHER METAL PIPES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew McLaren at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February 1865.
I, ANDREW MCLAREN, of Upper Thames Street, in the City of London, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER, AND IN CONNECTING HOT WATER AND OTHER
METAL PIPES," to be as follows:-
My apparatus for heating water is particularly applicable to heating water
for warming churches, conservatories, and other buildings. This part of my
Invention refers to what are known as "saddle boilers," and consists in forming
an additional water space across the middle and between the two sides of
the boiler; this water space extends from back to front of the boiler, or nearly
so, and encloses between its upper surface and the upper water space a longi-
tudinal passage or flue. The flames and products of combustion first pass
beneath the additional water space to the back of the boiler, then return
through the passage or flue above such water space, and finally back again
over the top of the boiler to the chimney.
My method of connecting hot water and other metal pipes is chiefly intended
for the pipes used in warming churches and other buildings, and consists in
forming a socket about half an inch in depth, more or less, in the end of one
pipe to receive the end of the next adjoining pipe, and in fitting an india-rubber
washer or other packing between the ends of the pipes to make the closing
hermetic. I form a flange near the end of each pipe for the passage of bolts for
fixing the pipes to each other; the flanges also act as stops to the packing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bünger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April 1865.-
A communication from abroad by Moritz Hilf, of Nassau, in the Duchy
of Nassau, Germany.
1, WILLIAM BÜNGER, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of longitudinal
sleepers of wrought iron to be employed in combination with a rail fixed
thereon by rivets, bolts, or otherwise, the pairs of sleepers and rails thus
combined being connected together by transverse tie bars of angle iron bolted
thereto. The rails and sleepers thus combined and connected together are
laid upon a simple bed of gravel, concrete, or other suitable ballast, and thus.
completes the permanent way of a railway. This improved form of sleeper
is rolled from wrought iron with angular sides or edges, and a longitudinal
rib or ribs on the under side, by which inverted troughs or channels are formed
on the under side of the sleeper, thus imparting great strength thereto combined
with comparative lightness. The ends of the lengths of rails and sleepers,
combined as above described, are connected together by "fish plates" in

page_text: the ordinary manner as is well understood. By the above construction of
permanent way a much lighter rail may be employed, and as the sleepers
and rails are previously combined the line of railway may be laid with great
facility and cheapness. The exchanging of the rails and sleepers. may be
accomplished with great rapidity, and are readily applied where they are
substituted for rails connected by fish plates, and as repairs become necessary
where wooden sleepers were previously employed. By this arrangement the
displacing of the outer rail, as also where the parts are curved, is prevented,
and the correct curve of the rails in railway curves is insured. Bent or
curved rails may also be dispensed with, as the rails are easily bent into the
correct curve by fixing them upon the sleepers, the rivet holes being correctly
placed in accordance with the radius of the curve of the part of the railway
on which they are to be laid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRICKET, RACKET, TENNIS, AND FOOT BALLS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Huntley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th September
1865.
I, CHARLES HUNTLEY, of Hackney Wick, in the County of Middlesex,
Cricket Ball Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRICKET, RACKET, TENNIS, AND FOOT BALLS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in cricket balls and in those
used for rackets and tennis, whereby they are rendered more durable than the
ordinary balls, and also impervious to the effects of damp or moisture.
I propose to sew or stitch the leather cover or shell of the ball with catgut
or similar material understood by the general appellation of catgut, or other
suitable gut, or with prepared hide, instead of with hemp or flax as is ordi-
narily done, by which means the ball is kept secure and prevented from
bursting open by the repeated blows of the bat. I also propose to render the
ball waterproof by the application of a cover or lining of india-rubber,
vulcanized or not, whereby when the ball is used on a wet field it will not
absorb the moisture, and therefore will not become soft or liable to crack.
The foundation of the cricket ball consists of cork and worsted, with or
without feathers, and (if desired) with a a small quantity of solution of gutta

page_text: percha or india-rubber to give the balls a good action in the field. Hockey
and croquet balls may be made on the same principle. The foundation may
be covered with leather, salt or dry hide, or india-rubber.
Foot balls are
to be made by the same stitching as the cricket balls, leaving out the
foundation
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARMONIUMS, PIANOFORTES, ORGANS, AND OTHER SIMILAR KEYED INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wardle Eastland Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1865.
I, WARDLE EASTLAND EVANS, of Market Place, Great Portland Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARMONIUMS, PIANOFORTES, ORGANS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
KEYED INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon that class of instru-
ments known as organs, harmoniums, and pianofortes, in which parallel keys
are used, and consists in à method of transposing the keys of music as may be
desired. For this purpose I propose to apply a portable or shifting key board
above the ordinary key board, such portable or adjustable board being fitted
in grooves or guides attached to the body of the instrument. This key board
may therefore be caused to shift or slide from one part of the instrument to
another, in order to apply any series of the upper keys above any different
series of the lower fixed key board. Beneath the duplicate key board I fix a
series of stickers or depressing pins of any convenient form, for the
of
actuating the lower keys by the pressure on the upper series. These depressors
are to be brought so far forwards as to escape contact with the elevated black
or sharp and flat keys as the sliding key board is moved or shifted. The
purpose

page_text: upper board may also be hinged at the back to enable it to be raised from the
lower board when required. The stickers may be padded with india-rubber,
or leather, or felt, fixed to the lower part of the sticker, which may be made
in two parts, the lower to screw into the upper, by which means the length of
the sticker may be accurately adjusted to suit the touch.
It is evident that by these arrangements the performer may transpose music
by mechanical means into various keys.
An index or representation of the under keys may be painted or otherwise
applied behind the keys and on the body or front of the instrument to denote
the situation of the under board, and to serve as a guide to the performer in
the adjustinent of the upper keys.