Improvements in Connecting or Securing the Spokes of Cycle and other Wheels.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1893-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Connecting or Securing the Spokes of Cycle and
other Wheels.
We, HENRY COLE, of 89 Lupin Street, Bloomsbury, in the City of
Birmingham, Foreman Engineer, and CHARLES ROWE, of 26 Carlton Road,
Small Heath, Birmingham aforesaid, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to means of connecting or securing the inner ends of wire
spokes to the hubs or centres of cycle and other wheels, and also to improved means
of connecting laced spokes to wheel hubs as aforesaid.
Wire spokes connected or secured to hubs by screwing, wormed ends, or wormed
butt ends of them, into tapped holes directed in the direction of the radii through
the peripheries of the hubs, are liable to break off or snap at the junction of the
plain with the screwed parts of the said spoke.
Our invention has for its object, the affixing of the said spokes to the hubs
without screwing, and this is accomplished by making the inner ends of the spokes,
in the case of radial spokes, headed, and taking laterally into seats or sinkings
formed upon the one side, or upon the two opposite sides of the hub.
In carrying out one form of our invention in connection with laced spokes, we
employ a supplementary connector in the form of an eye with an enlarged end,
which is adapted to take into like shaped holes sunken alternatively into the sides
of the hub, and with the threaded parts of the spokes passing through the eyes of
the connections.
In carrying out our invention in connection with an ordinary wire spoked wheel, we
form chambered sinkings, or alternate chambered sinkings within the opposite sides
of the face of the hub, and which sinkings are of the figure and size of the end of a
spoke with an enlarged end. The plain part of the said sinking comes centrally
within the periphery of the wheel, so that when the spokes are in position, they
come against the solids at the backs of the recesses.
Thus, the headed inner ends of the spokes take into the chambered and enlarged
sinkings, whilst the stems of the spokes adjacent to the headed ends, take into the
channels, and proceed from thence beyond the periphery of the hub.
The alternate sinkings may be arranged in manner that the hub shall not be
weakened by the whole of the sinkings being on one side, although we do not
confine ourselves to making part of the sinkings upon one side, and part of the
sinkings upon the other side, and with the same arranged alternatively, as the said
sinkings may be upon one side only.
The placing of the spokes in position is performed by taking the headed ends,
and introducing or threading them laterally into enlarged ended sinkings or side
channels. The enlargements of the sinkings may, if necessary, be chambered, so
that the spokes, after being inserted, have a slight longitudinal sliding motion in
the bringing of them up to their seatings by the drawing-up nipples at the tyre
ends of the spokes.
When lying within chambers, the spokes are prevented from being removed or
disconnected unless the spoke enlarged ends come coincident with the entrances to
the enlarged sinkings, which may be inclined if necessary, downwardly or
upwardly. When downwardly, they take a solid bearing, and when drawn
upwardly into a chamber or undercut, solid bearings may be made by introduced
cross pins or studs.
Or the recesses may be bottom chambered instead of top chambered, in which
case the bulbous or enlarged ended spokes are introduced angularly, so that the

page_text: slightly reduced ends of the heads or enlargements are introduced first, so as to take
a solid bearing, prior to the spokes proper passing into their channelled recesses.
When the spokes are straight from the periphery of the hub, they cannot be
displaced laterally, but only angularly.
The sinkings may be side chambered, and they may be of any figure as desired,
whilst the ends of the spokes may be of any desired figure for taking into the
sinkings.
In laced spokes the attachment ends are made in the same way as the ends of
the ordinary spokes described.
In carrying out a still further form of our invention, we give unto the heads or
ends of the spokes, when-in-position, a solid bearing in manner following:-
We form the sinkings upon the outside faces of the heads of the hubs, and with
annular channels or sinkings made at the junctions of the said outside faces with
the neck or a neck formed between the said heads and hub ends, and upon the said
hub ends inside flanged or collared rings are threaded, and brought close up to the
faces of the said heads, and with the collars or flanges of the said rings lying with
the annular recesses in the heads, and coming upon the undersides of the
enlargements of the spokes, hence a solid bearing for the said spoke enlarged
ends.
Thus, in fixing the spokes in position, the shanks of their enlarged lower ends
are threaded laterally through the recesses, and with the enlarged or expanded
ends of them coming below the said recesses or lying within seatings formed at the
extreme lower ends of the recesses.
By now passing into position the flanged or collared rings, with their opposed
faces coming up to the heads of the hub, the spokes are laterally confined within
their recesses, and the heads or enlargements of them are made to take upon solid
bearings, to wit the collars or rings which come under them.
The collared attachment rings may be fixed in position either by the same
screwing upon the hubs, or by the same being connected to the heads of the hubs
by screws or by any other means.
Instead of the said confining and bearing rings being provided with angular
collars or flanges, the same may have sunken within their inside presented faces,
seats or sinkings wherein the extreme ends of the heads of the spokes lie, when the
said rings are fitted home.
As a further form of our invention, the top sides of the collars or flanges may be
seated, or the same may be made taper, so that when fitted home, the same force
the spokes tight into the recesses, and hold the same firmly in position.
As a still further form, the rings may carry studs or closure pieces upon their
inside presented faces, which take over and upon the ends of the spokes, and fit into
the entrances to the recesses.
As still another form of our invention, the recesses and seatings for the carrying
of the ends of the spokes may be upon the inside presented faces of the attached
rings, or the rings may be partly recessed radially coincidently with partly recessed
heads, so that the spoke ends lie partly in the head, and partly in the attached
rings, but in every case, the said spoke ends have a solid bearing, and are thereby
immovable from their set positions.
The said collared or shouldered rings, whose flanges when in position give a
foot bearing to the spokes may be made in sections instead of being made in
one piece.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1893.
HENRY COLE,
CHARLES ROWE,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Connecting or Securing the Spokes of Cycle and
other Wheels.
We, HENRY COLE, of 89 Lupin Street, Bloomsbury, in the City of Birmingham,
Foreman Engineer, and CHARLES ROWE, of 26, Carlton Road, Small Heath,
Birmingham aforesaid Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to means of connecting or securing the inner ends of wire
spokes to the hubs or centres of cycle and other wheels, and also to improved
means of connecting laced spokes to wheel hubs as aforesaid.
Wire spokes connected or secured to hubs by screwing wormed ends, or wormed
butt ends of them, into tapped holes directed in the direction of the radii through
the peripheries of the hubs, are liable to break off or snap at the junction of the
plain with the screwed parts of the said spoke.
Our invention has for its object, the affixing of the said spokes to the hubs
without screwing, and this is accomplished by making the inner ends of the
spokes, in the case of radial spokes, headed, and taking laterally into seats or
sinkings formed upon the one side, or upon the two opposite sides of the head of
the hub.
In carrying out one form of our invention in connection with laced spokes, we
employ a supplementary connection in the form of an eye with an enlarged end,
which is adapted to take into like shaped holes sunken alternatively into the sides
of the hub, and with the threaded parts of the spokes passing through the eyes of
the connections.
In carrying out our invention in connection with an ordinary wire spoked wheel,
we form chambered sinkings, or alternate chambered sinkings within one side or
within the opposite sides of the head of the hub, and which sinkings are of the
figure and size of the end of a spoke with an enlarged end. The plain parts of the
said sinkings come centrally within the periphery of the heads of the hub so
that when the spokes are in position, they come against the solids at the backs
of the recesses.
Thus, the headed inner ends of the spokes take into the chambered and
enlarged sinkings, whilst the stems of the spokes adjacent to the headed ends,
take into the channels, and proceed from thence beyond the periphery of the hub.
The alternate sinkings may be arranged in manner, that the hub shall not be
weakened by the whole of the sinkings being on one side, although we do not
confine ourselves to making part of the sinkings upon one side, and part of the
sinkings upon the other side, and with the same arranged alternatively, as the said
sinkings may be upon one side only.
The placing of the spokes in position is performed by taking the headed end,
and introducing or threading them laterally into enlarged ended sinkings or side
channels. The enlargements of the sinkings may, if necessary, be chambered, so
that the spokes, after being inserted, have a slight longitudinal sliding motion in
the bringing of them up to their seatings by the drawing-up nipples at the tyre
ends of the spokes.
When lying within chambers, the spokes are prevented from being removed or
disconnected unless the spoke enlarged ends come coincident with the entrances to
the enlarged sinkings, which may be included if necessary, downwardly or
upwardly. When downwardly they take a solid bearing, and when drawn
upwardly into a chamber or undercut, solid bearings may be made by introduced
cross pins or studs. -
Or the recesses may be bottom chambered instead of top chambered, in which
case the bulbous or enlarged ended spokes are introduced angularly, so that the
slightly reduced ends of the heads or enlargements are introduced first, so as to
take a solid bearing, prior to the spokes proper passing into their channelled

page_text: recesses. When the spokes are straight from the periphery of the hub, they
cannot be displaced laterally, but only angularly.
The sinkings may be side chambered, and they may be of any figure as desired,
whilst the ends of the spokes may be of any desired figure for taking into the
sinkings.
In laced spokes the attachment ends are made in the same way as the ends of
the ordinary spokes described.
In carrying out a still further form of our invention we give unto the heads or
ends of the spokes, when in position, a solid bearing in manner following
:-
We form the sinkings upon the outside faces of the heads of the hubs, and with
annular channels or sinkings made at the junctions of the said outside faces with
the neck or a neck formed between the said heads and hub-ends, and upon the said
hub ends inside flanged or collared rings are fitted and brought close up to the
faces of the said heads, and with the collars or flanges of the said rings lying
within the annular recesses in the heads, and coming upon the undersides of
the enlargements of the spokes, hence a solid bearing for the said spoke enlarged
ends.
Thus, in fixing the spokes in position, the shanks of their enlarged lower ends
are threaded laterally through the recesses, and with the enlarged or expanded
ends of them coming below the said recesses or lying within seatings formed at the
extreme lower ends of the recesses.
By now passing into position the flanged or collared rings, with their opposed
faces coming up to the heads of the hub, the spokes are laterally confined within
their recesses, and the heads or enlargements of them are made to take upon
solid bearings, to wit, the collars or rings which come under them.
The collared attachment rings may be fixed in position either by the same
screwing upon the hubs, or by the same being connected to the heads of the hubs
by screws or by any other means.
:
As still another form of our invention, the recesses and seatings for the carrying
of the ends of the spokes may be upon the inside presented faces of the attached
rings, or the rings may be partly recessed radially, coincidently with partly
recessed heads, so that the spoke ends lie partly in the head, and partly in the
attached rings, but in every case, the said spoke ends have a solid bearing, and
are thereby immovable from their set positions.
The said collared or shouldered rings, whose flanges when in position give a
foot bearing to the spokes, may be made in sections instead of being made in
one piece.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in front elevation, a cycle
wheel, or a part of a cycle wheel with the spokes or the inner ends of the spokes
connected or fitted to the hub or wheel centre according to one form of our
invention.
Figure 2 represents a longitudinal vertical section of one end of the same upon
the dotted lines A B Figure 1, and with the upper part of the said section taken
through the solid metal of the rim of the hub, or that part between the spoke
gaps, whilst the other and lower part of the section is taken directly through the
said gaps.
Figure 3 represents a complete hub, with one end in elevation and the other
part in section, and with the component and fitted parts of the said sectional end
shown separate.
Figure 4 represents a transverse vertical section upon the dotted lines CD
Figure 2, with a few of the said spokes removed, so as to show the annular seating
groove for the heads of the spokes to lie within.
Figure 5 represents our invention as applied to laced spokes.
In Figures 1 to 4, the hub, which is marked a consists of a neck a¹ and heads a²
with an overhanging periphery a and with the usual ball races at the open ends,
and each of the said heads is annularly formed with a clearance a³, and has aunular
spoke foot sinkings a*, formed circumferentially around and within the inner walls

page_text: of the periphery of the said clearance a³, and which annular sinkings are entranced
or made accessible by lateral gaps or side channels or openings a', wherethrough
the inner ends b¹, of the spokes b, are laterally introduced, and with the heads b³,
made to lie within the annular foot sinkings a
Thus in placing the spokes in position, introduce the headed ends laterally
through the gaps or openings, until the sides of the said inner ends of the spokes
take their bearings against the inner ends as, of the side channels or openings a³,
and then by rotating the nipples a', within the rim as, the said spokes are tensioned
or drawn up taut, after which a loose and collared attachment or rest flange ring c
consisting of an outside flange c³, is fitted within the clearance a³, and with the
flange c, of the same coming or abutting upon the flats of the heads, and up to the
inside periphery a" of the overhanging part a, of the head, and the flange e¹
coming up to the face a of the part a whereby the said inner ends of the wire
spokes are secured to heads of the hubs or to the naves of the wheels without
screwing.
Instead of the foot flange c², of the loose and collared attachment ring c, being
straight, the same may be tapered upon its upper side, so as to take if necessary, a
perfect bearing upon the undersides of the heads, and to push the said heads fully
home if necessary.
The loose collared attachment ring may be held in its acting position by an
encircling band clip e, which embraces the periphery of the head and also the
underside or inner periphery of the said loose ring.
In Figure 5, which represents a front elevation of a wheel hub with a part of
the same in section, a² is the head of the same, a' the overhanging periphery, bare
lace wire spokes, with the inner ends 61 taking through eyes d', of loose
attachments d, with enlarged euds d², which latter take into the annular groove or
recess a', whilst the said spoke has a head end 62. c is the loose and collared
attachment ring.
The method of fitting the ends of the spokes with their attachments is carried
out in the same way as in the previous arrangement.
We wish it to be understood that we may not in some cases employ the loose and
collared attachment rings c, as we have found that the spokes, under ordinary
conditions when pulled up taut by their nipples, are not displaced to any appreciable
extent so as to lessen the general efficiency of their connection with the hub,
although it is generally better that a ring should be employed to prevent the
possibility of the said spokes being pushed inwards from their seats.
Figure 6 represents partly in vertical section and partly in elevation, a cycle
hub having spokes fitted to the same according to a further form of my invention.
One of the spokes is shown detached, so as to exhibit one of the side gaps in the
outer face of the upper part of the hub.
Figure 7 represents the parts detached, or the loose collared attachment ring
removed from position, and also one of the spokes.
a², is the head of the hub, a³ an annular clearance upou its front face, a' the
upper part of the said head, a' spoke head or chambered sinkings, of a counterpart
or of the shape of the head, and a side gaps leading to the same.
b is a spoke, b¹ its inner end and 62 its head or expanded end, c is a loose collared
attachment ring, with front part c¹ and an angular flange c².
a is the inner periphery of the upper part a', of the head a², of the hub a,
with a middle neck a¹.
To connect the spokes to the hub, introduce the inner or head ends of the same
laterally through the gaps, and with the head ends set back clear of the head end
recesses a*, and on the inner or shank ends b', coming up to the ends aº, of the gaps a³,
then the said spokes are drawn radially outwards by their nipples, and the head
ends b, taken into the seatings a', and there held by the tension of the spokes.
The loose collared attachment ring c, is then introduced into position as shown
in the section Figure 6, and then kept in position by a clip e, and shown in
Figures 1, 2 and 3.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First In cycle and other wheels, connecting the spokes or the inner ends of
wire spokes to the hubs or naves by headed end parts of them taking laterally
through side slots or side gaps in the face of the hub, substantially as described
and set forth.
Secondly-In cycle and other wheels, connecting the spokes or the inner ends
of wire spokes to the hubs or naves by heads or expanded ends of the said spokes
engaging within annular foot sinkings with lateral gaps leading to them, and with
approximate clearances located inwards of the said gaps, substantially as described
and set forth in Figures 1 to 4.
Thirdly-In cycle and other wheels, connecting the spokes or the inner ends of
wire spokes to the hubs or naves by heads or expanded ends of the said spokes
engaging within independent countersinks or foot end sinkings with lateral gaps
leading to them, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 6 and 7.
Fourthly The means herein described for connecting the inner ends of wire
spokes to heads of hubs, with or without a loose and fitted collared attachment or
rest flange ring, substantially as set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7.
:
Fifthly The means herein described for connecting the inner ends of wire
spokes to the heads of hubs, with or without a loose and fitted collared attachment
or rest flange ring, substantially as set forth in Figure 5.
Sixthly Employing in conjunction with hubs having spoke foot-end-sinkings,
loose and collared attachments or rest flange rings c, substantially as described and
set forth.
Dated this flat 1
1000
HENRY COLE,
CHARLES ROWE,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicants.