IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS FOR WATER, STEAM, AIR, OR GASES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edme Augustin Chameroy, of Rue du Faubourg
St. Martin, 162, at Paris, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS FOR WATER, STEAM, AIR, OR GASES.”
Sealed the 29th Juno 1875, and dated the 4th February 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edme Augustin
Chameroy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th February 1875.
I, EDME AUGUSTIN CHAMEROY, of Rue du Faubourg St. Martin, 162,
at Paris, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS FOR WATER, STEAM, AIR, OR Gases," to be
as follows:-
My Invention has for object improvements in the construction of cocks
in order to prevent the shock or recoil which is generally produced in
water pipes at the time of closing the cocks.
The several improved arrangements of which my Invention consists
arc all based on the principle of the slow closing of a movable valve

page_text: whatever be the pressure of water in the supply pipe, and notwithstanding
the act of the person drawing the water.
In the first arrangement I will describe the inlet from the supply pipe
communicates with a chamber in the cock. This chamber is truly bored,
so as to be cylindrical. It is closed at the top by means of a screw-
threaded cap. A metal obturator or valve is fitted in the chamber, where
it is free to slide without friction. When at rest this obturator fits upon
its seat, forming a hermetic closing. The obturator is pierced longi-
tudinally to give passage to the rod of a small valve, which opens or
intercepts the opening of the obturator. The valve rod terminates at
bottom in an external spring button, which has to be pressed up when
it is desired to open a passage through the obturator. The outlet from
the cock is below the obturator. When the small valve is closed the
water entering at the inlet of the tap fills the chamber and presses on
the obturator, thus producing hermetic closing. When it is wished to
draw water it is only necessary to press up the button in order to open
the small valve; the water which is in the chamber above the obturator
then immediately flows by the small valve and escapes around its rod,
thereby producing a loss of load above the obturator, which is forced to
rise until it closes the small valve. During this time the water flows
naturally past the seat of the obturator to the outlet of the cock.
When it is desired to stop drawing the water the button is left free; the
small valve then closes and the obturator descends to its seat by virtue
of its own weight, and does so the more slowly because the play which
exists between it and the chamber is feeble. This slow closing of the
cock prevents recoil or shock. If it is wished to hasten this closing by
hand it can only be done slowly and without recoil, seeing that the dis-
placement of the obturator can take place only in proportion to the
filling of the chamber with the water. To obtain a varied flow the
button is pushed more or less so as to uncover according to requirement
a greater or less passage way above the obturator seat.
In the second arrangement the obturator has no orifice. That which
traversed it in the first arrangement is replaced by a lateral channel.
The small valve forming the communication between the chamber and
this channel has its button fitted at the top in a caoutchouc disc or
washer, which is embedded in a screw-threaded cap forming the top of
the chamber. In order to draw water the button is pressed down, which
thus opens the small valve. A small quantity of water immediately

page_text: escapes around this valve and passes through the lateral channel. This
flow causes a loss of load above the obturator, which rises; the water
from the pipe then flows naturally through the outlet of the cock. If
pressure on the button be removed the small valve closes, the obturator
then descends slowly on its seat and closes the cock without producing
recoil.
A third arrangement, analogous to the first, consists in substituting for
the button of the said first arrangement a short pipe having a milled
flange, which pipe is free to slide without friction in the outlet pipe of
the cock, and is provided with a small stop pin. This short pipe is con-
nected by a cross arm to the rod of the small valve which passes through
the obturator, the rod being screwed into the cross arm. When the
obturator is on its seat it is necessary in order to obtain water to lift the.
short pipe by its flange. The small valve then immediately gives
passage to the water which is above the obturator. This latter rises in
its turn and gives passage to the water from the supply or inlet to the
outlet. On allowing the short pipe to fall the small valve closes and the
obturator falls slowly to its seat and stops the flow of the water. With
this arrangement the same results are obtained as before, viz., the closing
without recoil and the drawing of water in as small a stream as is
wished.
In a fourth arrangement the action of a small valve is produced by a
short pipe analogous to the preceding, but the movable obturator is
replaced by a leather or caoutchouc diaphragm, which separates the
inlet of the cock from the chamber. This diaphragm is formed with an
orifice of very small diameter, which puts the inlet in communication
with the chamber. The water from the inlet flows through this small
orifice into the chamber and presses on the diaphragm which forms a
valve upon its seat. In order to obtain water it is necessary to raise the
short pipe which opens the small valve, thereby producing a loss of load
above and causing the diaphragm to rise. The water immediately escapes
from the inlet and through the short pipe. The slow closing of the cock
takes place the same as in the preceding arrangements, because tho
orifice in the diaphragm being very small the latter can only descend
very slowly.
In the special application of my Invention to water posts (bornes.
fontaines) the parts are reversed, that is to say, the obturator acts
upwards and the small valve is actuated by an upper button or pusher,

page_text: which is pressed upon when water is required. The rod of the small
valve can be maintained in a fixed position by means of a spring nut,
which is screwed on a threaded guide, through which the valve rod
passes. By pressing on the button or pusher the rod is pushed through
the guide and opens the valve, so that the water is allowed to pass. If
with this arrangement it is desired to obtain a continued flow of water
for irrigation or extinguishing fires for instance, it is sufficient to screw
the nut on the threaded guide. The small valve is thus kept open and
allows the water to flow continuously.
In the application of my Invention to ball-cocks the same phenomena
or action are produced; the ball or float follows the rise and fall of the
water level in the reservoir, and the lever which carries it acts on the
valve rod.
According to another arrangement of my Invention the cock is made
intermittent, all recoil or shock being at the same time avoided, that is to
say, whatever may be the wish or action of the person drawing the water
the closing takes place after the passage of a given amount of water. In
this arrangement the cock has two chambers, one of them vertical and
the other horizontal, and they communicate by an inclined passage and
by a small vertical channel. In the upper or vertical chamber is a metal
obturator which is free to move up and down without friction, and closes
the lower seat of this chamber. In the lower or horizontal chamber is
another obturator which carries within it a small spring valve acted upon
by a horizontal pusher. To open the cock and obtain a given quantity
of water the small valve is acted upon by means of the pusher. The
pressure or water accumulated in the horizontal chamber then
immediately escapes around the valve rod; at the same time the water
held above the vertical obturator in the corresponding chamber escapes
by the small vertical channel into the horizontal chamber. The vertical
obturator follows this movemont and rises, thereby opening the inclined
passage leading to the outlet of the tap. If now the pusher be kept
"home" and the small valve open the obturator of the horizontal
chamber will also be opened to the outlet. The water from the inlet
will pass into the inclined passage, and thence to the outlet; but the
orifice of the small vertical channel in the horizontal chamber is covered
by the horizontal obturator almost at the same time that the vertical
obturator rises in its chamber, so that the orifice of the said vertical
chamber being closed as before stated, there is no longer a flow of water

page_text: in this channel; the vertical obturator therefore descends of its own
weight and closes the inclined passage; the cock then ceases to act
notwithstanding the continued opening of the small valve. To obtain a
fresh supply of water the pusher must be allowed to return to its place;
the horizontal obturator and the small valve then becoming closed, the
small vertical channel is again open and the vertical obturator is ready
to rise immediately the pusher is acted upon. In case the closing of the
cock should take place before the complete fall of the vertical obturator,
the closing would take place all the same and without recoil because
the horizontal obturator has very little play in its chamber which
retards its movement and produces a slow closing, thus avoiding all
rocoil.
In another arrangement the opening and closing of the cock are
produced by a screw which is provided with a handle and acts on a disc,
this disc being faced with leather or caoutchouc. The cock in this case
comprises a vertical chamber provided with a vertical obturator, and
communicating with the lower part of the cock by a small lateral
channel, the closing of which is produced by a small spring valve. To
obtain water the handle of the screw is turned to bring the disc against
and close the outer end of a passage in the cock which forms a communi-
cation between the inlet and outlet. This movement opens the small
spring valve and allows the water to pass from the small channel and
vertical chamber; the obturator in this chamber then rises and allows
water to pass into the passage before named. By then turning the
handle to unscrew the disc from the end of this passage, the water can
pass on to the outlet of the cock. This releasing of the disc allows the
small valve in the small channel to be closed by its spring, and the
obturator then descendssl owly, and after a given time closes the cock.
Another arrangement is intended as a multiple intermittent apparatus,
the object being to regulate the intermittent supply in a distributing
pipe, whatever be the number of cocks. It consists of a perfectly cylin-
drical chamber, having the inlet and outlet at the bottom. The top of
the chamber is closed by a screw-threaded cap, which carries in its
centre a small caoutchouc stopper, against which the central orifice of a
vertical obturator closes itself. This obturator works without friction in
the chamber. The top of the chamber communicates with the outlet of
the apparatus by a small lateral channel. The obturator carries a hollow
screw forming a valve to a movable chamber, which also works freely

page_text: in the main chamber. Within this movable chamber is another
obturator which slides freely in it, and the seat of which is at the
entrance to the outlet of the apparatus. When this seat is uncovered
water can flow freely from the inlet to the outlet. During this flow
the upper obturator is held at the top of its chamber by the effect of
the suction produced by a small quantity of water, which flows around
the movable chamber, and by the small lateral channel. The upper
obturator suspends the movable chamber by means of the screw before
named. At the same time the lower obturator descends slowly upon its
seat, and stops the flow of water between the inlet and outlet. To obtain
a fresh flow it is sufficient simply to close the open cocks below the
apparatus. Pressure then immediately accumulates in the distributing
pipe and in the upper part of the chamber. The upper obturator being
no longer sustained by the suction, which previously existed from the
inlet to the small channel, descends of itself upon the moveable
chamber, together with the hollow screw. The water collected above
the lower obturator flows through the centre of the screw, and through
the central orifice of the upper obturator, and finally this obturator
and the movable chamber fall upon the lower obturator. The apparatus
is then again ready to act, and when a tap or cock on the outlet pipe is
opened the whole apparatus composed of the upper obturator, the
movable chamber, and the lower obturator immediately rises on account
of the suction of the water in the small channel. The upper obturator
will again remain at the upper part of the main chamber, and the same
action, as before explained, will take place until the intermittent closing.
This apparatus prevents all waste of water, whatever be the kind of
cock employed, because it is sufficient for one cock to remain open after
an intermittent supply to make the pipe cease to supply water. It also
shews if a pipe has an escape the resumption of the flow will not take
place until the escape has been stopped.
Another arrangement of my apparatus can be employed as an inter-
mittent cock for drawing water by hand. In this case the cock is formed
of a vertical chamber, the inlet to which is at the side and lower part,
and the outlet at the centre of the bottom. The outlet communicates
with the top of the chamber by a small lateral channel. A push rod,
having a button at the top and a valve at the bottom, passes through
the top of the chamber. This valve closes the central orifice of a
movable chamber, in the lower part of which an obturator slides freely.

page_text: This obturator has its seat on the outlet of the cock. There is a spring to
assist the descent of the movable chamber. To obtain water the push
rod is pressed down, which gives passage through the small channel to
the water collected above the movable chamber in the main chamber.
The movable chamber immediately rises, drawing the obturator and
pushing up the spring, the valve at the end of the push rod then coming
against the central orifice of the movable chamber, and. closing it, the
movable chamber being retained by the suction of the water, which
flows from the main chamber by the small channel, the obturator
descends slowly, and closes the outlet of the cock. If it is desired to
draw a fresh quantity of water it is necessary to allow the push rod to
rise, so as to close the small channel and free the orifice in the movable
chamber, which under the action of its spring descends quickly upon
the obturator, and the cock is now again ready to act when the push
rod is pressed down.
My Invention may also be employed to prevent the freezing of water
in pipes by causing a discharge valve to close or open automatically as
soon as the temperature reaches a given degree. For this purpose the
chamber of the cock is placed at the bottom of an upright column
above the water inlet. The movable obturator remains suspended above
its seat so long as the water contained in an external tube remains
liquid, but so soon as the water contained in the external tube freezes it
increases in volume, and forces out a diaphragm fitted at the bottom of
this tube, and thereby opens a small valve in the cock. The water
then flows immediately above the obturator of the cock by a small
upper
pipe, and the upright column becomes empty. When the temperature
rises the ice in the external tube melts, the valve closes, and the water
rises again in the column.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy,
Her special licence that I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edme Augustin Chameroy, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS FOR WATER, STEAM,
AIR, OR GASES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edme Augustin Chameroy, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hand sand seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
cocks in order to prevent the shock or recoil which is generally produced
in water pipes at the time of closing the cocks.
The several improved arrangements of which my Invention consists
are all based on the principle of the slow closing of a movable valvo
whatever be the pressure of water in the supply pipe, and notwithstanding
the act of the person drawing the water.
In the first arrangement I will describe, and which is represented in
vertical section in Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings, the inlet A from
the supply pipe communicates with a chamber B in the cock. This
chamber is truly bored so as to be cylindrical. It is closed at the top

page_text: by means of a screw-threaded cap. A metal obturator or valve C is
fitted in the chamber, where it is free to slide without friction.
When
at rest this obturator fits upon its seat D, forming a hermetic closing.
The obturator C is bored longitudinally to give passage to the rod of a
small valve F, which opens or intercepts the opening of the obturator.
The valve rod F terminates at bottom in an external spring button G,
which has to be pressed up when it is desired to open a passage through
the obturator. The outlet E from the cock is below the obturator C.
When the small valve F is closed, the water entering at the inlet A fills
the chamber B and presses on the obturator C, thus producing hermetic
closing. When it is wished to draw water it is only necessary to press
up the button G in order to open the small valve; the water which is in
the chamber B above the obturator O then immediately flows by the
small valve F and escapes around its rod, thereby producing a loss of
load above the obturator, which is forced to rise until it closes the small
valve F. During this time the water flows naturally past the seat D of
the obturator to the outlet E. When it is desired to stop drawing the
water the button G is left free; the small valve F then closes, and the
obturator C descends to its seat by virtue of its own weight and does so
the more slowly because the play which exists between it and the
chamber B is feeble. This slow closing of the cock prevents recoil or
shock. If it is wished to hasten this closing by hand it can only be dono
slowly and without recoil, seeing that the displacement of the obturator
can take place only in proportion to the filling of the chamber B with
the water. To obtain a varied flow the button G is pushed more or less
so as to uncover according to requirement a greater or less passage way
above the obturator seat D.
In the second arrangement, represented in Figure 2, the obturator C
has no orifice; that which traversed it in the first arrangement is replaced
by a lateral channel J. The small valve G forming the communication
between the chamber B and this channel J has its button I fitted at the
top in a caoutchouc disc or washer H, which is embedded in a screw-
threaded cap F forming the top of the chamber B. In order to draw
water the button I is pressed down, which thus opens the small valve G.
A small quantity of water immediately escapes around this valve and
passes through the channel J. This flow causes a loss of load above the
obturator, which rises. The water from the pipe A then flows naturally
through the outlet E. If pressure on the button I be removed the small

page_text: valve G closes; the obturator C then descends slowly on its seat D, and
closes the cock without producing recoil.
A third arrangement, analogous to the first, and represented in
Figure 3, consists in substituting for the button G of the said first
arrangement a short pipe G having a flange I, which pipe is free to slide
without friction in the outlet pipe E of the cock, and is provided with a
small stop pin J. This short pipe G is connected by a cross arm H to
the rod of the small valve F, which passes through the obturator C, the
rod being screwed into the cross arm. When the obturator is on its
seat D it is necessary in order to obtain water to lift the short pipe G by
its flange I; the small valve F then immediately gives passage to the
water which is above the obturator C. This latter rises in its turn and
gives passage to the water from the supply or inlet A to the outlet E.
On allowing the short pipe G to fall the small valve closes, and the
obturator C falls slowly to its seat and stops the flow of the water.
With this arrangement the same results are obtained as before, viz., the
closing without recoil, and the drawing of water in as small a stream as
is wished.
"
.
In a fourth arrangement, represented in Figure 4, the action of a
small valve E is produced by a short pipe G analogous to the preceding,
but the movable obturator is replaced by a leather or caoutchouc
diaphragm C, which separates the inlet A of the cock from the
chamber B. This diaphragm C is formed with an orifice D of very
small diameter, which puts the inlet in communication with the
chamber B. The water from the inlet A flows through this small
orifice D into the chamber B, and presses on the diaphragm C which
forms a valve upon its seat F. In order to obtain water it is necessary
to raise the short pipe G, which opens the small valve E, thereby
producing a loss of load above and causing the diaphragm C to rise.
The water immediately escapes from the inlet A and through the short
pipe G. The slow closing of the cock takes place the same as in the
preceding arrangements, because the orifice D in the diaphragm being
very small the latter can only descend very slowly.
In the special application of my Invention to water posts (bornes-
fontaines), represented in Figure 5, the parts are reversed, that is to say,
the obturator C acts upwards, and the small valve F is actuated by an
upper button or pusher K, which is pressed upon when water is required.

page_text: The rod G of the small valve F can be maintained in a fixed position
by means of a nut I fitted with a spring L, which nut is screwed on a
threaded guide J, through which the valve rod passes. By pressing on.
the button or pusher K the rod G is pushed through the guide J and
opens the valve F, so that the water is allowed to pass. If with this
arrangement it is desired to obtain a continued flow of water for irriga-
tion or extinguishing fires for instance, it is sufficient to screw the nut I
on the threaded guide J; the small valve F is thus kept open and allows
the water to flow continuously.
ball cocks (see Figure 6) the
The ball or float M follows
In the application of my Invention to
same phenomena or action are produced.
the rise and fall of the water level in the reservoir, and the lever which
carries it acts on the valve rod. Other forms (sec Figures 7 and 8) can
be given to this arrangement of cock.
According to another arrangement of my Invention, represented in
Figure 9, the cock is made intermittent, all recoil or shock being at
the same time avoided, that is to say, whatever may be the wish or
action of the person drawing the water the closing takes place after the
passage of a given amount of water. In this arrangement the cock has
two chambers, one of them B vertical, and the other D horizontal; and
they communicate by an inclined passage E and by a small vertical
channel L. In the upper or vertical chamber B is a metal obturator C,
which is free to move up and down without friction and closes the lower
seat of this chamber. In the lower or horizontal chamber D is another
obturator F, which carries within it a small valve G (with spring J)
acted upon by a horizontal pusher H provided with a stop I. To open
the cock and obtain a given quantity of water the small valve G is acted
upon by means of the pusher H. The pressure or water accumulated
in the horizontal chamber D then immediately escapes around the rod
of the valve G. At the same time the water held above the vertical
obturator O in the corresponding chamber B escapes by the small
vertical channel L into the horizontal chamber D. The vertical
obturator C follows this movement and rises, thereby
inclined passage E leading to the outlet K of the tap.
pusher H be kept "home" and the small valve G open the obturator F
of the horizontal chamber D will also be opened to the outlet K. The
water from the inlet will pass into the inclined passage C, and thence to
the outlet K; but the orifice of the small vertical channel L in the hori-
opening the
If now the

page_text: zontal chamber D is covered by the obturator F almost at the same time
that the obturator O rises in its chamber B, so that the orifice of the
said vertical chamber L being closed, as before stated, there is no longer
a flow of water in this channel. The vertical obturator C therefore
descends of its own weight and closes the inclined passage E, the cock
then ceases to act notwithstanding the continued opening of the small
valve G. To obtain a further supply of water the pusher H must be
allowed to return to its place; the horizontal obturator F and the small
valve G then becoming closed the small vertical channel L is again
open, and the vertical obturator C is ready to rise immediately the
pusher is acted upon. In case the closing of the cock should take place
before the complete fall of the vertical obturator C the closing would
take place all the same, and without recoil, because the horizontal
obturator F has very little play in its chamber D, which retards its
movement and produces a slow closing, thus avoiding all recoil.
In another arrangement, seen in Figure 10, the opening and closing
of the cock are produced by a screw H, which is provided with a handle G
and acts on a disc F, this disc being faced with leather or caoutchouc.
The cock in this case comprises a vertical chamber B provided with a
vertical obturator C, and communicating with the lower part E of the cock
by a small lateral channel J, the closing of which is produced by a small
spring valve I. To obtain water the handle of the screw G is turned to
bring the disc F against and close the outer end of the passage D in the
cock, which forms a communication between the inlet and outlet. This
movement opens the small spring valve I and allows the water to pass
from the small channel J and vertical chamber B; the obturator C in
this chamber then rises and allows water to pass into the passage D. By
then turning the handle to unscrew the disc F from the end of this
passage the water can pass on to the outlet E. This releasing of the
disc allows the small valve I in the small channel to be closed by its
spring, and the obturator then descends slowly, and after a given time
closes the cock.
Another arrangement which is represented in Figure 11, is intended as
a multiple intermittent apparatus, the object being to regulate the
intermittent supply in a distributing pipe whatever be the number of
cocks. It consists of a perfectly cylindrical chamber B, having the
inlet A and outlet D at the bottom. The top of the chamber is closed by
a screw threaded cap C, which carries in its centre a small caoutchouc

page_text: stopper H, against which the central orifice G of a vertical obturator F
closes itself. This obturator works without friction in the chamber B.
The top of the chamber communicates with the outlet D by a small
lateral channel E. The obturator F carries a hollow screw I forming a
valve to a movable chamber K, which also works freely in the main
chamber B. Within this movable chamber is another obturator L, which
slides freely in it, and the seat M of which is at the entrance to the
outlet D. When this seat is uncovered water can flow freely from the
inlet A to the outlet D. During this flow the upper obturator F is held
at the top of its chamber B by the effect of the suction produced by a
small quantity of water, which flows around the movable chamber K
and by the small lateral channel E. The upper obturator F suspends
the movable chamber K by means of the screw I. At the same time the
lower obturator L descends slowly upon its seat M, and stops the flow of
water between the inlet A and outlet D. To obtain a fresh flow it is
sufficient simply to close the open cocks below the apparatus. Pressure
then immediately accumulates in the distributing pipe D and in the
upper part of the chamber B. The upper obturator F being no longer
sustained by the suction which previously existed from the inlet A. to
the small channel E, descends of itself upon the movable chamber K
together with the hollow screw I. The water collected above the lower
obturator L flows through the centre of the screw I and through the
central orifice G of the upper obturator, and finally this obturator and
the movable chamber K fall upon the lower obturator L. The apparatus
is then again ready to act, and when a tap or cock on the outlet pipe D
is opened, the whole apparatus composed of the upper obturator, the
movable chamber, and the lower obturator, immediately rises on account
of the suction of the water in the small channel E.
The upper
obturator F will again remain at the upper part of the main chamber B,
and the same action as before explained will take place until the
intermittent closing. This apparatus prevents all waste of water
whatever be the kind of cock employed, because it is sufficient for one
cock to remain open after an intermittent supply to make the pipe cease
to supply water. It also shews if a pipe has an escape the resumption
of the flow will not take place until the escape has been stopped.
. Another arrangement of my apparatus shewn in Figure 12 can be
employed as an intermittent cock for drawing water by hand. In this
case the cock is formed of a vertical chamber B, the inlet A to which is

page_text: at the side and lower part, and the outlet E at the centre of the bottom.
The outlet communicates with the top of the chamber B by a small
lateral channel K. A push rod I having a button at the top and a
valve J at the bottom passes through the top of the chamber; this valve
closes the central orifice G of a movable chamber C, in the lower part of
which an obturator D slides freely. This obturator has its seat on the
outlet E. There is a spring L to assist the descent of the movable
chamber C. To obtain water the push rod I is pressed down, which gives
passage through the small channel K to the water collected above the
movable chamber C in the main chamber B. The movable chamber C
immediately rises, drawing the obturator D and pushing up the spring L,
the valve J at the end of the push rod then coming against the central
orifice G of the movable chamber and closing it. The movable
chamber C being retained by the suction of the water which flows from
the main chamber B by the small channel K, the obturator D descends
slowly and closes the outlet E.
If it is desired to draw a fresh quantity of water it is necessary to
allow the push rod I to rise, so that the valve J may close the small
channel K and free the orifice G in the movable chamber, which under
the action of its spring L descends quickly upon the obturator D, and
the cock is now again ready to act when the push rod I is pressed
down.
My Invention may also be employed to prevent the freezing of water
in pipes, by causing a discharge valve to close or open automatically as
soon as the temperature reaches a given degree. For this purpose the
chamber B of the cock (see Figure 13) is placed at the bottom of an
upright column M above the water inlet A. The movable obturator O
remains suspended above its seat, so long as the water contained in an
external tube D remains liquid, but so soon as the water contained in
the external tube freezes, it increases in volume and forces out a
diaphragm F fitted at the bottom of this tube, and thereby opens a small
valve G; the water then flows immediately above the obturator O by a
small upper pipe H, and the upright column becomes empty. When the
temperature rises the ice in the external tube G melts, the valve G closes,
and the water rises again in the column M.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
"Improvements in Cocks for Water, Steam, Air, or Gases,"
1

page_text: First. The employment in cocks of movable obturators acting, sub-
stantially as herein-before described, which close slowly whatever be
the pressure of water in the supply pipe and notwithstanding the act of
the person drawing the water.
Second. The several arrangements of cocks herein-before described
with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, which being based on the
employment of slow closing movable obturators are actuated either by
pressure on a button or by pushing a flanged pipe and with the object of
preventing recoil.
Third. The water post represented in Figure 5, which is based on the
same principle, also the arrangement of ball-cock represented in Figure 6,
and the analogous cocks shewn in Figures 7 and 8.
Fourth. The arrangement of intermittent cock heroin-before described
preventing all recoil and acting by the action of a pusher, whether
horizontal or vertical, as in Figure 9, or of a handle and screw as in
Figure 10.
Fifth. The arrangement represented in Figure 11 and forming a
multiple intermittent apparatus for regulating the intermittent supply
in a distributing pipe, whatever be the number of cocks, also the
arrangement of intermittent cock for drawing by hand represented in
Figure 12.
Sixth. The combination with my improved cock of an external tube
with diaphragm as represented in Figure 13, and acting as described for
preventing the freezing of water in the pipes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
CHARLES FROSSARD,
23, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
Paris.
E. A. CHAMEROY. (L.S.)