MECHANICAL INVENTION TO BE APPLIED FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUSPENDING AND SECURING WINDOWS, GATES, DOORS, SHUTTERS, BLINDS, AND OTHER APPARATUS
Year: 1826

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
NEWMARCH, of Cheltenham, in the. County of Gloucester, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of
February, in the seventh year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the
said BENJAMIN NEWMARCH and CHARLES BONNOR, of the City of Gloucester,
Brazier, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
we, the said Benjamin Newmarch and Charles Bonnor, our exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Benjamin Newmarch and Charles
Bonnor, our exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our "MECHANICAL
INVENTION TO BE APPLIED FOR THE PURPOSE OF SUSPENDING AND SECURING WINDOWS,
GATES, DOORS, SHUTTERS, BLINDS, AND OTHER APPARATUS;" in which said Letters
Patant there is contained a proviso, obliging us, the said Benjamin Newmarch
and Charles Bonnor, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under, our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereto had, will more fully and at large
appear....

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Benjamin Newmarch, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly ascer-
tained and displayd in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the follow-
ing description thereof, that is to say :-
Our mechanical Invention to be applied for the purpose of suspending
and securing windows, gates, doors, shutters, blinds, &c., consists of plates
of iron or other metal, with spring rollers and bolts, which plates are to be
affixed to the stiles of windows, or in similar situations to the edges of a
door, gates, shutter, or blind designed to slide vertically. These rollers are
intended to be pressed by their spring carriages with considerable force against
the sides or beades of the window frame, for the purpose of creating so much
friction as will overcome the power of gravity, that is, keep the sash suspended
in its grooves by the lateral pressure, and prevent it from sliding until raised
or lowered by hand. The bolts are adapted to the plates at top of the lower
sash, for the purpose of shooting into, the meeting bar of the upper sash, in
order to hold the two together, and thereby secure the window.
This Invention is susceptible of various modifications, some of which I
have exhibited in the Drawings hereto annexed; but the first and most
simple plan of applying it is shewn at Fig. 1, which is a front view of part
of a pair of sashes fitted to a window frame, with the suspending and securing
apparatus attached, the wood work near the improvement being cut away
for the purpose of shewing the parts more distinctly. Fig. 2 is another view
of part of a sash window, with two plates and spring rollers, adapted for the
suspension only; and Fig. 3 is a section of a pair of sashes, with the securing
apparatus attached to the meeting bars distinct from the spring rollers. The
contrivances, however, for suspending and securing the windows, whether
combined or detached, will be best understood by reference to the enlarged
Figures, where the parts are shewn more distinctly and in different positions.
The suspending apparatus, consisting of the plate, spring, and roller, is exhi-
bited in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. Fig. 4 is an edge view; Fig. 5, a back view;
and Fig. 6, a front view, or that side which slides against the frame of the
window. The backs of four of these plates a, a, being screwed to the stiles
of the window, the spring 6, which is the carriage of the roller c, will cause
the roller to protrude forwards; but when the sash is placed in the window
frame as at Figs. 1 and 2, the roller will be necessarily forced back and
the spring thrown into tension, which by exerting itself will cause the
rollers of the four suspension apparatus to be pressed against the sides of
the window frame with sufficient force to hold the window in its position

page_text: without the aid of sash lines and balance weights, but at the same time
allowing the sash to be slidden up and down by the hand.
I have above described the suspension apparatus in its simplest form, but
I sometimes attach to it a ratchet and pall, as shewn in Fig. 4, 5, and 6.
The ratchet d is affixed to the side of the roller c, and revolves with it. As
the sash rises, the friction wheel c passes round with the ratchet, and the
palle slides over its teeth without impediment; but when the sash is brought
down, the pall catches into the teeth of the ratchet, and prevents it and the
roller from turning, by which contrivance the sash is enabled to slide easily
upwards; but in its descent, the roller c being prevented from turning, a
considerable friction is thrown against the side of the window frame, and
instead of the sash falling by its own weight it is not brought down without
the exertion of some force.
The securing apparatus in its simplest form is merely a sliding bolt attached
to the top of the lower sash, and intended to be shot into a hole in the
meeting bar of the upper sash, for the purpose of bolting the two together,
the bolt being made to turn round by means of a key and to lock, in order
to prevent either of the sashes being opened.
Figs. 7, 8, and 9 shew the fastening independant of the suspension appa-
ratus. Fig. 7 is the front view of the plate laying against the face of the
top rail of the lower sash; Fig. 8 is a side view of the same, with the
cylindrical box in which the bolt moves; Fig. 9 is a section of the box,
shewing the bolt within, and the collar by which it is connected to the thumb-
piece. a is the bolt, enclosed in the cylindrical box b, and having a collar
c, in which it is enabled to turn round; d is the thumbpiece, attached to
the collar, for the purpose of sliding the bolt in and out. There is a long
straight slot e in the cylinder, with a return at the end, and a pin f passed
through the slot into the bolt to confine it. When the sash has been shut
down, as at Fig. 1, the bolt may be shot into the back meeting bar by
sliding the thumbpiece, and then a key with a square hole being introduced
at the aperture g, Fig. 7, the bolt may be turned round in the collar c, so
as to bring the pin f into the return or notch of the slot e, which will lock
it, that is, prevent the bolt being drawn back, and consequently render it
necessary impossible for the window to be opened until the key is again
introduced, and the bolt turned into such a position as will allow the pin to
pass along the slot.
Fig. 10 shews the bolt a detached; and Figs. 11 and 12, the collar c and
thumbpiece d in two positions.
A modification of the same contrivance may be adapted as a self-acting

page_text: fastener by the employment of a spring and a catch; this may be seen in
Figs. 18, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. Fig. 13 is a side view of the plate,
cylindrical box, thumbpiece, and catch; Fig. 14 is the reverse side of the
same. Fig. 15 is a section of the cylindrical box, shewing the bolt within
and a helical spring h acting behind it. In Fig. 16 the bolt is exhibited
projected forward, and the pin turned up, so as to lock it, in the manner above
described. Fig. 17 is a top view of the plate and the thumbpiece. Fig. 18
exhibits the under side of the apparatus, with the catch and other parts
complete the bolt a being drawn back by the thumbpiece, the arm i of
the catch is by the force of a spring 1 pressed into a notch m in the bolt,
(see Fig. 10,) which arm holds the bolt, as at Figs. 13 and 18, and prevents
it from shooting forward, although the force of the helical spring his
acting behind it; but when the sash is shut down, the inclined plane n
of the catch strikes against the meeting bar of the upper sash, and by
raising the arm i at the reverse end of the catch, causes it to act as a
trigger, and releases the bolt, which is immediately projected forward by the
power of the helical spring, and shot into a hole in the meeting bar, as at
Fig. 3. This bolt may likewise be turned round and locked by a key, as above
described.
In order, however, to assist the operation of this self-acting fastener, I
propose to affix to the meeting bar of the back sash a spring stop, against
which the enclined plane n of the catch striking as the sash comes down, lets
off the trigger, and allows the bolt to shoot forward into the socket, as at
Fig. 19. The construction of the spring stop will be fully understood by an
inspection of the Figs. 19 and 20, and the section, Fig. 21.
Fig. 22 is a side view of a self-acting fastener, with a spring and catch
similarly constructed to the foregoing; but in this the slot in the cylindrical
box in which the pin acts is straight, and without a return; this bolt is there-
fore not capable of being locked.
Another variation of the self-acting fastener is shewn in the Figures 23,
24, and 25. Figs. 23 and 24 are views taken in the under side of a semi-
circular plate, which is to be let into the top rail of a sash; Fig. 25 is an
edge view of the same. a is a flat bolt turning horizontally in a circular
recess; in the center a consolate spring is introduced, one extremity of which
is made fast to the plate and the other to the bolt; by turning the bolt, there-
fore, round into the position shewn at Fig. 23 the spring is drawn up to its
tension, and the bolt is held in that position by the arm of a spring catch i
(as before described) falling into a small recess in the bolt; when the window
is shut down the enclined plane n of the catch strikes against the back meet-

page_text: ing bar, and raising the arm at the reverse end releases the bolt, which
the spring immediately impels round into the position shewn at Figs. 24
and 25.
Having described several modifications of our Invention, I proceed to state in
what the Invention essentially consists, (viz.): That part of our "mechanical
Invention to be applied for the purpose of suspending windows," &c., consists in
the adaptation of springs to the stiles of sash windows," &c. for the purpose of
effecting a considerable degree of pressure against the frames of the windows,
and thereby keeping the sashes suspended in their grooves without the aid of
cords, pullies, and balance weights, and at the same time permitting them to
slide easily.
In this part of the apparatus exhibited in the Drawings, I have shewn a
ratchet wheel and pall, which I consider to be the best construction of the
Invention, but I do not consider the ratchet wheel and pall to form an indes-
pensible part of the Invention, as the spring roller would work without the
ratchet and pall, though, perhaps, not in so satisfactory a manner as with it ;
nor indeed is the roller itself absolutely essential, for the end of the spring
might be rounded, or some part of the spring be made to swell out so as to
come in contact with the frame of the window, and answer a similar purpose,
all of which variations and modifications of a spring or springs of whatever
shape adapted to produce lateral pressure between the sash and the window
frame or beads, (according to the situations in which the said springs are
placed,) for the purpose of producing friction, and thereby retaining the sash,
&c. suspended, having been contemplated by us as variations of the same prin-
cipal, we do hereby claim as parts of our said Invention. Our "mechanical
Invention to be applied for the purpose of securing windows, &c." consists in the
adaptation of a sliding bolt capable of being locked as above described, either
connected with or separate from the suspending apparatus, which said bolt
may, if required, be made self-acting, that is, to project itself forward by a
spring, or letting off the trigger which confines it, in the manner above
described, and exhibited in the several Figures of the Drawing relating
thereto, and which contrivance, or any variation of the same, we likewise
claim as our Invention as exclusively appertaining to us in virtue of our
above recited Letters Patent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Newmarch, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.
BENJAMIN (L.S.) NEWMARCH.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1826, the aforesaid Benjamin Newmarch came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.
Inrolled the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.