Improvements in or relating to the Purification of Iron or Steel from Sulphur.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 15th June, 1893-Accented, 29th July, 1803
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Purification of Iron or Steel
from Sulphur.
I, ERNEST HENRY SANITER of 11 New Market Street, Wigan, in the County
of Lancaster, Analytical and Metallurgical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:--
This invention has for its object improvements on and additions to the invention
set forth in my former Specifications Nos. 8612" and 8612A". In these Specifica-
tions I have only mentioned the treatment of the iron or iron and steel in furnaces,
converters, ladles and the like. I have since found that my aforesaid inventions
can be applied in other ways slightly different.
First. Calcium chloride can be added with the lime in a cupola or cupola
furnace.
Second. In rocking or revolving furnaces I find that, provided the heat be great
enough, as it generally is, either the chloride or fluoride can be added with lime and
thus effect the desulphurising.
Third. In the blast furnace itself the chloride or fluoride can be added with
excess of lime either at the top or at other point in the furnace.
Fourth. The chemicals already described in my former Specifications can be
added to the puddling furnace during the puddling process.
Fifth. Fluid iron can be rained or filtered through hot or molten charges of
chloride of calicum and lime, the purified metal being run out of the bottom.
Sixth. The aforesaid chemicals can be added in basic lined crucibles for the
purpose of cast steel making.
Seventh. The aforesaid chemicals can be used in the cementation process, the
bars being embedded in the said chemicals either alone as a separate operation or
in conjunction with the ordinary materials used in the cementation process.
The main point in all these cases is that free lime should be present in sufficient
quantity while the chloride or fluoride is in contact with the iron at a suitable
heat.
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Purification of Iron or Steel
from Sulphur.
I, ERNEST HENRY SANITER of 11, New Market Street, Wigan in the County
of Lancaster, Analytical and Metallurgical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in, or an extension of, the inven-
tion set forth in my former Specifications of Letters Patent Nos. 8612 of 1892
and 8612A of 1892. In these Specifications, I have only mentioned the treatment
of iron or steel in furnaces, converters, ladles, and the like. I have since found
that my aforesaid invention can be applied in other ways, slightly different, as
follows:-
First. The metal may be desulphurised in a basic or neutral lined cupola by

page_text: forming, in the cupola, basic chloride slag formed of lime or limestone and calicum
chloride.
Second. In rocking or revolving furnaces, such for instance as a basic or neutral
lined "mixer," where, by the addition of the fusible or ready fused mixture of
chloride or fluoride of calcium and lime, the latter in excess, the sulphur is removed
from the iron.
Third. In blast furnaces, the chloride of calcium can be added with excess of
lime or limestone, either at the top or at a lower point in the furnace.
Fourth. In the puddling process, the mixture of chloride or fluoride of lime and
lime may be mixed either with the fettling before charging into the furnace, or it
can be mixed or added directly to the charge before or just after the melting of
the latter.
Fifth. Fluid iron or steel can be rained or filtered through hot molten charges of
chloride of calcium and lime, and the purified metal drawn off at the bottom.
Sixth. The aforesaid mixtures of chloride or fluoride of calcium and lime can. be
used in basic lined crucibles for the purpose of purifying crucible steel during
its manufacture.
In short, the process can be carried on in almost any furnace where the heat is
sufficiently intense and the excess of lime with the halogen salt of lime or other
alkaline earth does not come into contact to any great extent with an acid lining,
care being taken that, in all instances, free lime shall be present and the heat
sufficient to keep the mixture in a fused condition. In all these cases a mixture of
calcium chloride (1 to 3 parts) and lime (3 parts) or their chemical equivalents, as
hereinbefore described, a halogen salt of an alkaline earth and an oxide hydrate or
carbonate of an alkaline earth is added in the furnace or crucible in such quantity
that there shall always be an excess of uncombined alkaline earth as set forth in my
former Patents.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements herein set forth beyond what is already described in the
Specifications of my beforementioned Letters Patent, in the carrying out of my
process for separating sulphur from iron or steel substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 14th day of June 1893.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, and London, Patent Agents.