CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KERSHAW, of Ramsbottom, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Second day of October, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
five, in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Kershaw, Her especial license,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Kershaw, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said John
Kershaw, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE
PREPARATION OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John Kershaw,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed; to be enrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Kershaw, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following ex-
planation thereof (that is to say):
These Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus used in the Preparation of
Cotton and other Fibrous Substances for Spinning, apply to that class of pre-
paration machinery termed "drawing frames," or "slubbing frames," which are
employed for the purpose of doubling two or more "slivers" of cotton or other
fibrous material together, and consist in the following novel combination of
machinery :-
Firstly, in the application of certain revolving tubes or twisters for the pur-
pose of imparting a false twist to the slivers between the drawing rollers and
the calendering rollers in such machinery, thereby giving the slivers a greater
firmness and tenacity previous to their being doubled together and deposited
in the cans.
Secondly, in doubling the slivers of cotton or other fibrous material from the
bosses of separate and distinct rollers, instead of doubling the slivers from the
two bosses of one roller together, whereby there is less likelihood of two weak
or imperfect parts meeting together in the process of doubling; and,
Thirdly, in the application of a revolving waste roller to the drawing rollers
in these machines, in such a manner as that, in the event of a sliver breaking,
the waste roller shall take up the sliver as fast as the drawing roller delivers
it, instead of its lapping around the drawing roller, as is usually the case in
the machines now employed for such purposes.
In order that my improvements may be more fully explained and readily
understood, I have attached to these Presents a Drawing representing my In-
vention as applied to a "drawing" or "slubbing" frame, as commonly used in
preparing cotton and other fibrous substances for spinning; and in order more
clearly to illustrate my Invention, I have represented the improved parts as
shaded with color, the ordinary parts of the machine being drawn in outline
only.
Figure 1 is a plan or horizontal view of the apparatus, as seen from above
Figure 2, a back elevation; and Figure 3, a transverse section taken through
about the middle of the same. The Figures are drawn to a scale of one incl
and a half to the foot. The corresponding parts in each of these Figures are
marked with similar letters of reference corresponding with those in the fol
lowing description thereof :-a, a, are the end framings of the machine, t
which the roller beam b, b, is attached. c, c, is the main driving pulley; an

page_text: d, d, the main driving shaft. The cotton or other fibrous material to be doubled
is placed in cans in front of the apparatus, from which it passes over a guide
roller e, e, to the drawing rollers f, ff, f. It will be seen, by referring to the
Figure, that the end drawing rollers f*, f*, are made with one boss only instead
of two, as is usual, by which contrivance I am enabled to double the slivers
from the bosses of separate and distinct rollers, instead of doubling the slivers
from the two bosses of one roller, as heretofore; so that, should any of the rollers
be faulty, there is less chance of two weak points being doubled together. The
slivers of cotton or other fibrous material proceed from the drawing rollers
through the revolving tubes or twisters 9, 9, 9, 9. These tubes or twisters are
caused to revolve at a high velocity by means of an endless belt or band h, h,
passing over and under them alternately, and round the carrier pullies i, i, i, i,
to the pulley K upon the main driving shaft d, d. The tubes 9, 9, I, J, are
for the purpose of imparting a false twist to the slivers, which has the effect of
laying the fibres of cotton or other fibrous material more even and straight, at
the same time that it gives a firmness and solidity to the slivers, causing the
fibres to lay in a much smaller compass, whereby the cans will contain a much
greater quantity of cotton or other fibrous material. The slivers then pass
between the top and bottom calendering rollers 1, 1, and m, m; and after passing
upwards over the top calendering rollers 1, 1, the two slivers are passed through
the guides n, n, n, n, between the centre bosses of the calender rollers 1, 1, and
m, m, and thus doubled and firmly and compactly united. The slivers of
cotton or other fibrous material thus doubled are then delivered from the
calender rollers into the cans o, 0, 0, 0, below. p, p, p, p, is the waste roller,
which is caused to revolve by the strap q, q, passing around the pulley r, r, on
the end of the waste roller, and over the main driving shaft d, d. When a
sliver breaks it falls down, and is taken up by the waste roller p, p, as fast as
it is delivered from the drawing rollers, instead of its lapping itself tightly
around the top roller, as is usually the case.
Having now described the nature and object of my Invention, together with
the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark, in con-
clusion, that I claim as my Invention,―
Firstly, the application of the revolving tubes (as above described and
exhibited in the Drawing attached) to, or worked in combination with,
5 machinery employed for doubling "slivers" of cotton and other fibrous
materials, for the purpose of imparting a false twist to the slivers as they pro-
ceed from the drawing roller to the calendering rollers.
Secondly, the method of doubling the slivers of cotton, &c. from the bosses
of separate and distinct rollers; and,

page_text: Thirdly, the application of a waste roller to the machines, called " "drawing,"
"slubbing," and "roving" frames, used in the preparation of cotton and
other fibrous substances for spinning, in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before more particularly described.
Thirdly, the application of a waste roller to the machines, called " "drawing,"
"slubbing," and "roving" frames, used in the preparation of cotton and
other fibrous substances for spinning, in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before more particularly described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kershaw, have hereunto set my
band and cool this Tourteenth dev of Manab in the roon of our Lond
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fourteenth day of March,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Kershaw came before our
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.