IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NIGHT LIGHTS OR. MORTARS
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WARREN
STORMES HALE, of Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Candle
Maker, and GEORGE ROBERTS, of Great Peter Street, in the City of West-
minster, Miner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of July, in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Warren Stormes Hale and George Roberts, Her especial license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Warren Stormes Hale and
George Roberts, our exors, adññors, and assigns, and such others as we, the
said Warren Stormes Hale and George Roberts, our exors, adññors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times:
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NIGHT
LIGHTS OR. MORTARS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso.
obliging us, the said Warren Stormes Hale and George Roberts, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal.
of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause.
the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within-
six calendar months next and immediately. after the date of the said in part

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Warren Stormes Hale and George Roberts, do hereby declare that the nature
of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
is particularly described and ascertained in and by the following description
thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention has reference to the manufacture of night lights or mortars
with a transparent envelope or case, the object being to prevent them from
guttering without interfering with their illuminating power. For this purpose
we provide moulds, dies, or frames to receive and retain in proper form the
transparent envelopes or cases intended to contain the fatty matters of which
the night lights or mortars are to be composed; and we employ animal
tissues, by preference, in the form of gut, and fill the same with melted fat or
other suitable hydro-carbon which solidifies at the ordinary atmospheric tem-
perature, and when cold we cut up this block of fatty matter into suitable
lengths for making mortars, and pierce and wick the same in the ordinary
manner; or we first cast a block of wax, tallow, or composite of a cylindrical
or other suitable form, and then coat it with gut or other animal tissue by
rolling the same round a block, and forming a lap joint at the side thereof,
We next cut the block into suitable lengths, and pierce and wick them in the
ordinary manner; and we apply, if thought desirable, a disc of animal tissue
to the bottom of the mortar to complete the case. In carrying out the first-
pamed method of enveloping mortars in a transparent tissue we prefer to
employ one or other of the arrangements shewn in the accompanying Drawing.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a mould intended to be
made of perforated sheet metal; and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, This
mould is composed of two half round parts a, a, which are hinged together,
and are capable of being thrown back, as shewn at Figures 3 and 4, to permit
of the insertion of the gut shewn at b, Fig. 1. Affixed to the inner face of
each of these half moulds (at equal distances apart) is a series of half rings
c, c, which half rings, when the mould is closed, come together in pairs, and
grip the gut, like so many, clamps, for the purpose of indenting the gut, and
forming a rounded. edge to the bottom of the mortars. Before placing the
gut in the mould it is softened by being soaked in water, and while in a limp
state it is laid in the mould, and the same is fastened by means of buttons
d, d.. One end of the gut is then closed by a binding cord or spring clip, and
air is forced in at the open end until the gut expands and fills the cells into

page_text: which the mould is divided by the clamp c.. The other end is then closed, and
the mould is put aside for the gut. to dry; the pierced métal of which the
mould is constructed allowing of a ready access of air thereto for the purpose
of facilitating the drying of the gut. When dry it is 'ready to receive the
melted fat or other like material. The upper end of the gut is now opened,
and the melted fat is poured in until the gut is filled. The mould is then
hung up to cool, and when the fat is set the mould is opened, and the gut
with its enclosure is removed therefrom. The next operation is to cut up the
block into mortars, the part between each annular indent being intended to
form the mortars. This operation, and the piercing and wicking, are effected
as above indicated, and, if thought desirable, a piece of gut is laid over the
bottom of the mortar, so as to complete the encasement of the fatty matter,
and thereby produce a mortar, as shewn at Fig. 4*.
Fig. 5 shews another kind of mould which may be employed in place of the
perforated metal mould just described. It consists of two half-round moulds
a, a, composed of porous earthenware, and with half-ring projections c, c, on
their inner face, serving the purpose of the clamps c in the former arrange-
ments. These half moulds are made slightly conical at their extremities to
receive the binding rings d, which are slidden on to the mould to hold the
parts together; and register pins, with sockets to receive them, are provided
at the edges of the half moulds to determine the relative positions of the
half moulds when put together. A porous material is employed for the
purpose of absorbing the moisture of the softened gut, which is placed in the
mould in a damp state, as already explained.
Having now described our Invention, and the best manner of carrying the
same into effect, we wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent, we claim, as of our improvements in the manufacture
of night lights or mortars,―
First, the coating of night lights or mortars with gut or other analogous
animal tissue for the purpose above set forth. And,
Secondly, casting blocks or lengths of night lights or mortars in a casing or
envelope composed of a transparent or semi-transparent tissue, when such
casing or envelope is contained in a mould or in dies or frames suitably
formed to retain it in its required shape during the operation of casting.
In witness whereof, we, the said Warren Stormes Hale and George
Roberts, parties hereto, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three.
WARREN STORMES (L.S.) HALE.
.
(L.S.) GEORGE ROBERTS.

page_text: AND BE. IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord 1853, the aforesaid Warren Stormes Hale and George
Roberts came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.
Enrolled the Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.