AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE LIGHT: GIVEN BY STREET OR OTHER LAMPS BY MEANS OF REFLECTORS IN WHITE EARTHENWARE, CHINA, AND ALL ENAMEL MATERIALS, IN CONJUNCTION WITH AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY TO DRAW UP THE EXHALATIONS AND SMOKE.OF ALL LIGHTING MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: -LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Barnett, Inventor, residing No. 60, St. Mary
Axe, in the City of London, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE LIGHT: GIVEN BY STREET OR OTHER LAMPS BY MEANS OF REFLECTORS IN
WHITE EARTHENWARE, CHINA, AND ALL ENAMEL MATERIALS, IN CONJUNCTION
WITH AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY TO DRAW UP THE EXHALATIONS AND SMOKE.OF
ALL LIGHTING MATERIALS."
Sealed the 14th March 1862, and dated the 17th September 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Barnett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
'September 1861.
I, FREDERIC BARNETT, Inventor, residing No. 60; St. Mary Axe, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
IMPROVEMENT IN THE LIGHT GIVEN BY STREET AND OTHER LAMPS BY MEANS OF
REFLECTORS, IN WHITE EARTHENWARE, CHINA, AND ALL ENAMELLED MATERIALS, IN
CONJUNCTION WITH AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY TO DRAW UP THE EXHALATIONS, AND
SMOKE OF ALL LIGHTING MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
That a great and wanton' waste of the illuminating power of gas and other
lighting materials used in street and other lamps is daily caused and per-
petrated. That the intention, particularly of street lamps, is to well and
sufficiently light the streets below and about the lamps, and that no useful end
is obtained by wasting the light on the stars, by which error a great per-
centage of gas and other lighting materials is burnt to waste. To remedy
this evil I have invented a reflector, which is to be made either of china, fine
white earthenware, or any other enamelled material answering the desired,

page_text: purpose, that is to say, possessing the power of well reflecting the rays of light,
resisting the heat of the flame, and remaining unimpaired by the smoke and
pernicious exhalations arising from gas or other lighting materials. My
reflectors are to be made in all shapes and forms suitable to the requirements;
but for street lamps I make them in two or more flat plates, to allow for
expansion. These plates are placed horizontally, A; A, edge to edge in the
largest diameter of the lanterns, that is to say, at about two-thirds of their height,
and there to be sustained by narrow strips of metal or other suitablo means in
their desired place, and at the same time prevent the too easy escape of the
smoko round their edges. For the escape of the .sınoke I provide a hole in
the middle of my reflectors, round or oval, according to the form or nature of
the flame proceeding from the burners, that is to say, for a round or Argand
burner, a round hole of about three inches diameter, but for a fish-tail, bat's-
wing, dockery, or Manchester burner, an oval hole about five inches, long by
two and a half wide. Surmounting, this hole I adapt an oval conical
chimney B, made of glass or other suitable materials. The effect .produced
by this chimney is to establish a strong upward current of rarified air, which
so completely and successfully draws up the unconsumed carbon, the unburnt
bydrogen, and the carburetted hydrogen evolved, that the reflectors remain for
considerable periods longer unimpaired, and need less of cleaning than any
others, and when soiled from long use will be readily restored to their primi-
tive whiteness and, full reflecting power. simply washing. The same result
follows with the lamps, which will require less cleaning in their interior. The
glass whereof being nearly always brilliant assists the illuminating power.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
A, A, the reflector fixed in its place in street lamps; B, a conical oval
chimney in glass, or other suitable matorial. The arrows indicate the upward
current of rarified air. C; C, the half of a reflector; D, the half of the
conical chimney.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the
year..of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederic Barnett, Her special licence that I, the said Frederic Barnett,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
-Frederic Barnett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully. might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for. "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE LIGHT GIVEN BY STREET AND OTHER LAMPS BY MEANS OF REFLECTORS IN
WHITE EARTHENWARE, CHINA, AND ALL ENAMEL MATERIALS, IN CONJUNCTION WITH
AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY TO DRAW UP THE EXHALATIONS: AND SMOKE OF ALL LIGHTING
MATERIALS,pon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederic
Barnett, my executors or administrators by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed. in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after, the
date of the said Letters Pátent.
:
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said Frederic Barnett, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be. per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
That a great and wanton waste of the illuminating power of gas and other
lighting materials in street and other lamps is daily perpetrated. That the
intention of street lamps is particularly to well and sufficiently light the street
below and about the lamps, and that no good or useful end is attained by
wasting the light or the stars, by which error a great per-centage of gas and
other lighting materials is burnt to waste. To remedy this evil I have invented
& reflector, which is to be made either of china, white earthenware, or any
other enamelled material answering the desired purpose, that is to say,
possessing the power of well-reflecting the rays of light, resisting the heat of
the flame, and remaining unimpaired by the smoke and pernicious exhalations
arising from gas or other lighting materials. My reflectors are to be made in
all shapes, forms, and sizes suitable to the requirements; but for street lamps,
or such like, I make them in one or sometimes more plates, to allow for
expansion. These plates are placed horizontally, and when more than one,

page_text: edge to edge in the largest diameter of the lamps or lanterns A, A, that is to
say, at about two-thirds of their height, there to be sustained by narrow strips
of iron or other metal, or. by other suitable contrivance or means in their
desired places, and as nearly as possible to prevent the escape of tlio smoko
.and other exhalations otherwise than by the chimney B. For the escape of
the smoke and other exhalations I provide a hole in the middle of my
reflectors, round or oval,, according to the form or nature of the flame pro-
ceeding from or produced by the burner; i.c., for a round or Argand burner,
a round hole about three inches diameter, but for 'a fish-tail or bat's-wing,
dockery, or Manchester burner, an oval hole about five inches long by two
and a half inches wide D. Surmounting these holes I adopt and adapt round
or oval conical chimneys B, according to the burners and form of holes, mado
of glass, china, earthenware, or other suitable material, enamelled or not
enamelled: The effect produced by the chimney is to establish a strong
upward current of rarefied air, which so completely and successfully draws up
tlie unconsumed carbon, the unburnt hydrogen, and the carburetted liydrogen
evolved, that the reflectors will remain for considerable periods unimpaired,
and need far less cleaning than any others, and when soiled from long use will
be readily restored to their primitive whiteness and full reflecting power by
simply washing. The same result follows with the interior of the lamps,
which will require less cleaning, the glass whereof being nearly always bright
and clear will present but little obstruction to the passage of the rays of light,
direct, original, and reflected..
On the annexed Sheet of Drawings A, A, shews the position of the reflectors
in the lamps; B, the chimney, with the upward current of air, indicated by
the arrows; C, the section of one of my reflectors; D, the section of the
chimney.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Barnett, have hereunto set
Witness,
F. TOLIAUSEN.
FREDERIC BARNETT. (L.S.)