IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WARP FABRICS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
DEARMAN DUNNICLIFF, of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, and WILLIAM BULL
DEXTER, of the same place, Lace Maker, send greeting.
we,
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the ninth year of Her
reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Dearman Dunnicliff and William Bull Dexter, our exors, adñiors,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
the said John Denrman Dunnicliff and William Bull Dexter, our exors,
admiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Dearman Dunnicliff*
and William Bull Dexter, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WARP FABRICS;' in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said John
Dearman Dunnicliff and William Bull. Dexter, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of

page_text: Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Dearman Dannicliff and William Bull Dexter, do hereby declare that
the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists,―
First, of manufacturing warp fabrics in warp machinery, by employing three
or more threads to each needle. And,
Secondly, our Invention consists of improvements in constructing and
applying apparatus for pressing on the needles, in place of the .ordinary
presser bars now in use.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The nature of each of the views shown by the Drawings being written
thereon, it will not be necessary to repeat them here; and it should be stated
that the same letters of reference are used to indicate the same parts wherever
they occur.
The nature of warp 'machinery, and the manner in which the warp threads
are caused to be looped into a fabric, being well understood, it will not be
necessary to enter into a description thereof, further than may be required to
explain the change which is brought about by the improvements secured by
the present Letters Patent.
The first part of our Invention consists of so arranging warp machinery
that warp fabrics may be produced by three or more warp threads being
caused to work with each needle and in such manner that the additional
threads (being worked independantly of each other, and governed in their
working by Jacquard or other pattern surfaces) may be used as means of
producing ornamental figuring, whilst two of the threads are making the ground
of the fabric; the machinery for carrying out this part of our Invention being
so arranged that the ornamental patterns may be produced either in the form
of cut pile in the character of velvet, or in the form of looped pile in the
character of terry velvet, or in the form of satin surfaces, by which a new
manufacture of warp fabrics will result, of a high ornamental description.

page_text: And we would here state, that although for the most part warp fabrics have
been before made with only one thread to a needle, we are aware that warp
fabrics have been made by employing two threads to each. needle, and a
Patent was some years back obtained by Mr. Samuel Draper for a mode
of manufacturing warp fabrics with two warp threads to each needle. We
mention this circumstance, in order to state that we make no claim thereto;
and we also mention it in order that we may thereby more clearly point out
where our Invention commences. a, a, shows the framing of the machinery,
the nature of which will readily be traced on examining the Drawings. b is
the back shaft carrying the various cams for giving motion to the different
parts of the machinery. c is the presser bar, which is of the ordinary
construction, and receives motion from the back shaft, as is well understood.
d, d, are the sinkers affixed to the sinker bar d¹; this sinker bar is suspended
on arms e, affixed to the spindle bar e', to which is affixed the arm e², which is
acted on by a cam on the back shaft; and, in addition to the up and down
motion thus obtained to the sinker bar d', that bar is caused to move to and
from the front ends of the needles, in order to knock over the work, and also
to carry the new loops along the stems of the needles by means of a lever f
which is connected by a connecting rod or link f¹ to the sinker bar d', by piu
joints, and the lever is acted on by a cam on the back shaft. The
construction of this cam, as well as the other cams used in this warp frame,
are clearly shown; and we shall hereafter describe the working of a course
of looping of the thread on to the needles, it will not therefore be necessary to
call more particular attention thereto. h is the needle bar, which is fixed as
heretofore. In warp frames as heretofore constructed, that portion of the
machinery which causes the threads to be lapped on to the needles has been
called "the machine," and although the parts of the present warp frame
which perform the like process differ in many respects from those heretofore
constructed, we propose to retain the same name, in order to facilitate the
workman understanding the working of machinery arranged suitable for carrying
out this part of our Invention. In the warp frame the mechanical parts
or apparatus constituting "the machine" swing to and fro, as hereafter
described, and it carries numerous guides which are cach capable of inde-
pendant movement one from the other, and therefore act according to the
pattern surface employed, and we prefer to use perforated cards as the pattern
surfaces, as we believe extensive patterns can thereby be produced at less
cost, and a change of pattern surface may be more readily performed than
when using organ barrels or other pattern surfaces; at the same time. we do
not confine ourselves to the use of such pattern surfaces, nor do we claim the

page_text: use of them in warp frames. i is a spindle bar in the front of the warp
frame, to which the arms are affixed. The bar ; which, with the parts
carried thereby, is what we call "the machine;" it is suspended on the arms
by pin joints, as shown. At the left-hand end of the bar j is affixed the
quadrangular frame j', such frame carrying the axle of the lace wheels which
work the guide bars which actuate or lap the two warp threads to each needle
employed to make the ground fabric, which ground fabric may be of meslics
or close work in varied pattern, as heretofore, when working with two warp
threads to each needle in warp frames. j, j³, are brackets affixed to the bar j
at intervals to carry the upper guide bar k, such guide bar having necks or
axes ' fixed thereon at intervals, which pass through bearings or holes formed
through the brackets, and, as the axes k¹ of the guide bars are only required.
to slide in their bearings, the projections & are affixed to the guide bars one
at each end of the guide bar k, and these projections pass through the
brackets, by which the guide bar k is prevented moving in any other
direction than simply lengthwise in the ordinary manner of guide bars of
warp frames. The guides used on each of the guide bars k and I are what
are called spring guides, as shown, and they change their position with respect
to the needles with which they are working by one end of the guides being
acted upon by what we call droppers, which cause the outer ends of the
spring guides to be shogged independantly of their guide bar. The conse-
quence thereof is, that that end of the guides which carry the threads will be
caused to be deflected; all which is well.understood: and the droppers employed
in this warp frame are introduced or omitted to be introduced between the
outer ends of the spring guides by the pattern surface, the guide bars them-
selves having one uniform succession of rackings, and the whole of the
threads carried by the spring guides would perform alike in their lapping of
their threads on their needles if not interfered with by the introduction of the
droppers., are other brackets affixed to the bar j, and these brackets
carry the guide bar l, such guide bar being arranged in respect to the
brackets in a similar manner to what has been described in respect to the
other guide bar, the guide bar having necks or axes sliding in bearings.
made through the brackets, and also guiding projections, as above explained;
and the guides on this bar are similar to those on the guide bar k, and
they are controlled in their manner of working by droppers introduced or
omitted, as hereafter explained. Each of the guide bars k and carries as
many threads as there are needles in the machine, and therefore the threads
carried by these two guide bars make up two threads for each needle.
And it should be understood that this part of our Invention consists of

page_text: extending the capabilities of warp frames by applying one or more additional
threads to each needle, with suitable apparatus, governed and controlled inde-
pendantly of each other by Jacquard or other suitable pattern surfaces, so as to
produce thereby warp fabrics of a very novel and improved description. mare
sliding racking bolts or droppers, one to each spring guide, which slide in
holes in the plates m², carried by the bars m³, m³, and they aro acted on by
Jacquard cards in such manner that when blank or unperforated surfaces of a
eard come against the lower ends of any of the sliding racking bolts or
droppers m these droppers will be raised, and come between the ends of the
spring guides, and all those guides will be sprung, one set to the right and one
set to the left, and such guides so sprung will then partake (with the other
guides on the same bars, and which are not sprung) of the ordinary rackings
of the guide bars; and these racking bolts or droppers m, where perforation's in
the card come, will not be raised, and therefore their guides will not be inter-
fored with, and they therefore will only receive the rackings of the guide bars
which carry them; and the rackings of the guide bars will, as before stated,
depend on lace wheels, which wheels would go on making the same laps by all
the threads of the guide bars unless the guides were acted on by the pattern
surface. The combs m¹ are affixed to sliding bars m³ and m³, and these bars
are capable of moving to and fro; hence when any of the racking bolts or
droppers m are raised by the pattern surfaces the combs will be racked, and
carry forward all the upper ends of the racking bolts or droppers.m, but only
those which have been raised will act on the tails of the spring guides. The
bar m² is carried by plates m', fixed to "the machine," and at the left-hand
end is formed an enlargement to the bar m², and there is a slot formed therein
at m as is shewn; and, owing to the form of the slot m³, the bar m³ will be
slided lengthwise as "the machine" moves to and from the needles; and this
is effected by the instrument m6; one end of the instrument enters the slot m
and the other enters a vertical groove formed in the plate m'. The instru
ment me passing through an opening formed in the upper guide bar, as is
hewn, and the shape of the instrument me will readily be traced in the
Drawings. The bar m³ is attached to the lower guide bar by screws passing
hrough the plate m³, so that the bar m³ may slide freely thereon; and it is
aused to slide when the machine is moving to and from the needles by means.
of a cranked sliding bolt m³ at the right-hand end of the machine. This bolt
lides through the lower guide bar, and one end enters the groove in the
late m, and the other end of the cranked bolt m³ enters a slot or
pening through the bar m; and, owing to the shape of the part of
Le bolt m³, it will cause the bar m³ to be shogged endwise in going. in.

page_text: n. is a
are
to the needles and in coming from the needles, and these bars m³ and m³
are constantly borne in the opposite direction to that by which they are
drawn by the bolts m, m³, by springs, as is well understood.
Jacquard barrel having five sides, and o is part of a chain of cards. These
cards are successively brought up, and act on the ends of the stops or
droppers m, and this Jacquard barrel is moved up and down in the following
mannern are levers, one at each end of the barrel. They are acted on
by cams n² fixed on the back shaft. The axis of the Jacquard barrel turns in
slots or openings formed in the plates n³ fixed to "the machine," and the axis
is caused to rise and fall by means of the levers n', in order to act on the parts
by the cards; and there are trucks or rollers n' fixed on the axis of the
Jacquard barrel, in order that the levers coming under the axis may offer as
little friction as possible, and as "the machine" has to perform its movements
after the card on the Jacquard barrel has moved up it is necessary to have
recourse to means of sustaining the Jacquard barrel independent of the levers,
and thus allow of those levers n' departing to a small extent away from the
axis of the Jacquard barrel whilst the movements of "the machine'
taking place. With this object a support n is applied at each end, which
support is attached to a rod nº, which rod is constantly drawn towards the back
of the warp frame by a spring, as shown, so that when the levers n' have
raised the axis of the Jacquard barrel the supports ns will be drawn in by their
springs; and as the supports no are hinged to "the machine" they go with
"the machine" in its movements, and the levers n' are for the time being out
of the way, and the supports will be moved from under the axis of the
Jacquard by means of projections n' on the cams n³, forcing the rods n°
towards the front of the warp frame. In order to insure the Jacquard barrel
going up correctly the sliding bolt A is used, such bolt A being borne down by
a spring A', the bolt A sliding in brackets A, as shewn; and on the end of the
Jacquard barrel there are holes B into which the bolt A passes as the Jacquard
barrel ascends, and thus is correctness of the going up of the barrel insured.
The going up of the Jacquard barrel causes the sliding plates C to be raised
by one of the pins 28 at each end of the barrel on that barrel, coming under
the projections C' on the plates C; and these plates C are capable of sliding up
and down by having slots C formed through them, through which screws C³
pass, and screw into projections C of the descending bearings of the axis of
the Jacquard barrel. The object of the plates C is to move out the sliding
locker plate D towards the front of "the machine," the locker plate D having
at all times a tendency to remain at the back of "the machine," in conse
quence of being pressed on by springs in that direction. And the locker

page_text: plate is capable of sliding by having slots formed therein, through which
screws D' pass into the guide bar, which carries the lever guides hereafter
explained; and movement to the locker plate D is produced by the inclined
projections C of the plates C coming against the trucks or rollers E on
the locker plate, and the locker plate is to act on the wires of the lever
guides hercafter described; and this locker plate is enabled to come forward
by the bar F being caused to rise out of the way by the projections C*
on the plate C, on which projections the bar F. rests, and it is constantly
pressed downwards by springs F¹; and the bar F is retained in position by
means of screws G passing through slots in the bar F into the guide bar,
which carries the lever guides, as hereafter explained, all which will readily be
traced on examining the Drawings. p are a series of lever guides, each
carrying two threads, which is the number of additional threads we prefer
to use, so that, in fact, cach needle will have four threads working with
it; and as these guides p are independent of each other, their threads will
be worked or lapped on to the needles, according to the arrangement of
the pattern for the time being; and it is the using of additional threads,
capable of separate and independent action from the other threads), which
go to make the ground fabric (which constitutes the peculiar feature of
this part of the Invention, and it is according to the manner in which
these additional threads from the guides p are caused to work) that' orna-
mental additions will be produced to the fabrics made with the warp threads,.
carried by the guides of the guide bars k, l, and such additions may be of
the character of looped or cut pile or satin weaving. These lever guides p
move on an axis p¹, and the levers p work between the plates of a comb p³,.
and it will be seen that the ends of the lever guides p are formed with a
circular opening, into which a circular disc of metal q enters; and as the tail.
of each lever guide works between the plates of the comb, the disc of metal q
cannot come out of its place. q' is a wire fixed to the disc of metal q, and it.
descends to such a position that its end may be acted on by the perforated
cards, worked by the Jacquard cylinder, and each such wire is bent in such
manner as to come under the bar F,, as is shewn. The comb p³ is affixed to.
the bar ps, and that bar is carried by "the machine," and therefore partakes of
all the motions of the machine. s is a plate or bar of metal fixed to the bar p³,
over which the threads from the guides p rest, so that when (from the pattern
surface used) the threads from the guides p are for any length of time not
caused to lap on the needles, and are left out of the fabric, the bars will keep.
up those threads. in a position to ensure their being lapped on to the needles:
when required so to do. This plates is prevented injuring the needles by.
.

page_text: fingers s'affixed to the needle bar, against which fingers the plate s comes
when raised to its highest position. The threads, which are lapped on to the
needles by the guides p, are each wound on a separate bobbin, the axes of
which turn in bearings in the bobbin frame t, and each bobbin has its own
friction cord and weight. The threads, in passing from the bobbins, are con-
ducted over the bars v, v, there being weights u with eyes, one weight to cach
thread, the weights being retained in position by passing through holes formed
in the plates v', by which means the threads to the guides p are retained tight
at all times.
It should be stated that the whole of the threads might, if desired, at all
times be introduced into the fabrics made, but we usually prefer to use the
extra threads to make additional ornament to that which is produced by the
use of two threads to each needle, as herein described. When cut pile is to
be made a series of knives w (one between each space of the needles) is
applied to the warp frame, and we prefer that they should all be capable of
separate movement, and to be worked by a pattern surface, so that only those
which are required for the particular pattern which is being made may be
brought into use. The knives slide in combs w¹, affixed to the bar x, such
bar being suspended on the arms y, which turn upon the spindle bar e', and
the arms y are connected together by a bar y', to which is affixed the arm y³,
by which motion is given to the bar a, by a cam z, on the back shaft, and in
such manner that the knives w are brought down between the needles after
the threads from the spring guides have lapped their threads on to the needles
to form the ground of the fabric, and the lever guides lap their threads on to
the needles in front of the knives, and the going up of the knives cuts the
threads so as to produce the cut pile in pattern; and when the pile is to
consist of uncut loops, in the nature of terry velvet, then, in place of having
knives w, there will be blunt blades, which will not cut when being drawn out
of the loops made thereon. When simple embroidery or satin ornaments are
to be produced then the instruments w will not be called into action. The
instruments are to be worked by a separate Jacquard barrel and cards, the
cards being so perforated that they will bring into action only those knives or
instruments which are required by the pattern of fabric, that is, when the
loops of pattern are to be made, we have not thought it necessary to show
such additional Jacquard apparatus as a workman will readily apply the same.
Each instrument w is to have a cord or thread attached to it, which will
ascend to the Jacquard apparatus. On the upper part of each instrument w
is formed a neb or projection w³, and w³ is a sliding locker bar, which locks
the instruments win their places, according as they are selected by the

page_text: Jacquard apparatus, the locker plate w³ having slots through which the screws
wpass into the bar x, and the plate w³ is drawn back by springs w, and in
order to force the plate w³ forwards, it comes against the wedge-formed bars
106 by the movement of "the machine," there being springs behind the bars
w which rest against the spindle bar of the presser bar, as shewn. The
workman from the above description, aided by the Drawings, will understand
the nature and position of each of the parts, and also the movement which
each of the parts is required to perform; and, in order to aid him in adjusting
the machinery to work correctly, we will proceed to describe the working of a
course of looping. In doing so we will suppose that the machine has been at
work, the spring guides being supplied with threads from the rollers or beams H
and H', and the lever guides with threads from the separate bobbins in the
bobbin frame, as described. And we will, in the first instance, suppose
that the ornamental parts produced by the lever guide threads are to
be of the character of embroidery or satin weaving on the ground of the
fabric produced by the other threads lapped by means of the spring guides;
and we will also suppose that only one additional thread is used (passed
through the upper of the guides p), that is, three threads to each needle.
In this case the instruments w will not be brought into action. The
sinker bar will descend and go back, taking the work along the stems
of the needles. "The machine" will move in towards the needles, during
which time the Jacquard barrel will be caused to rise and bring up a
fresh card to act on the racking bolts or droppers m, and the wires of the lever
guides, the bar F being moved out of the way so that the selection of the wires
may take place; and the locker plate D is slided towards the front of the
machine, which will secure the lever guides by acting on the wires q'; and so
soon as the selected racking bars or droppers m have entered between the
ends of the spring guides they rack by the means above explained, when
the going in of the machine is taking place, thus causing those spring guides
to be sprung a distance equal to that of one needle to another, and this
springing of the guides the selected racking bolts or droppers m is before
any lapping of the threads on. to the needles takes place. And when the
lapping takes place, all the threads receive their rackings by the lever wheels;
but the effect which will take place on the different needles by the same
racking will depend on whether the spring guides have been selected or not
selected, and all the threads on the same spring guide bar which are not
selected will produce on their needles the same effect, and all the threads of
the selected guides on the same bar will perform alike one with the other on
their needles. The Jacquard barrel will be supported on the supports m², and

page_text: the levers n' will have
means of their cams.
ment, causing all the spring guides to pass through the needles; and supposing
that none of the lever guides have been selected so as to cause them to
descend to the lower position shewn by the red lines, all the lever guides p
.will pass up through the needles; but if any of the lever guides p have been
selected by the card or pattern surface used, then the selected guides will not,
by the movement of "the machine," rise so high as to come into action with
their needles, and their threads will float on the surface of the fabric which is
being made so long as the same lever guides p are by the pattern surface
repeatedly selected, and by being selected kept out of action. It will therefore
be understood that, according to the arrangement of the machinery as shewn, the
lever guides p will only lap their threads on to their needles when they are not
selected, in order to put them for the time out of action in respect to their
needles, and on the manner of racking the independant lever guides will
depend the nature of the ornamental work made thereby; and the workman
will find cuts of wheels shewn in the Drawings suitable for racking the guide
bar p which carries the lever guides when working with two. extra threads p,-
that is, with four. threads to each needle, suitable for making embroidery or
satin work ornaments, also for making velvet (cut. or uncut),. and. also for
'making embroidery or satin combined with velvet; and, as it is desirable
in some cases to use only one additional thread by the guides p, cuts of
wheels are shewn for making embroidery or satin work alone with one
additional thread or three threads to each needle, and there are also cuts of
wheels for making velvet work with one additional thread or three threads to
each needle. The lever guides p will be racked, and move one space to the
left hand, and all those threads of the lever guides p which are above the
necdles will lap their threads, and one of the spring guide bars will go one
space to the right hand and the other one space to the left hand, and the
guides descend through the needles, and the spring guide bars each racks one
space in the reverse direction to those which they racked above, and the lever
guide bar racks two spaces to the right hand. The machine comes out from
the needles, the Jacquard cylinder descends, the spring and lever guides
assume their natural position, so as to be operated on by a fresh card, the
sinker bar comes forward bringing the fresh laps or loops into the beards of
the needles, the presser bar descends, the sinker bar ascends, forcing the work
on to the beards of the needles, the presser bar ascends, and the sinker bar
moves forward and knocks over the work; and supposing two additional
threads be used, and embroidery or satin work be desired to be produced, then
got out of the way by descending a short distance by
"The machine" then commences its upward move-

page_text: the other cut of wheel shewn for this purpose will be used to work the guide
bar which carries the lever guides.
When it is desired to make velvet, whether cut or uncut, and two additional
threads, that is, four threads to a needle, then the proper wheel shewn for that
purpose will be used to rack the lever guides p, and the working is as follows:-
The instruments w will move up from their present position, the sinker frame
will descend and go back, the machine will go in towards the needles, during
which time the Jacquard cylinder will be raised up, carrying with it the bar F;
the locker plate will be moved forward, the selected droppers or racking bolts m
will go up between the ends of the spring guides, the selected lever guide wires
will assume the position shewn by the red lines, the combs of the racking
bolts or droppers m rack in opposite directions, springing their guides one
space of the needles; the machine commences its upward movement, carrying
all the spring guides through the needles and the unselected lever guides; the
instruments w are selected by their pattern surface; the spring guides by
their wheels rack in opposite directions; the guides descend through the
needles, the lever guides p descending through the same spaces as when going
up; the instruments w descend, and remain till the threads of the lever
guides p have produced their lappings on their needles, and till the sinkers
have knocked over the work. The guides again ascend through the needles,
the lever guide bar is racked one space to the left, "the machine" descends so.
as to allow only the lower row to pass below the needles, and thus to lap their
threads; the lever guide bar then racks back two spaces to the right hand,
"the machine" descends, the upper row of lever guides will lap their threads
on to the needles, and the threads of the spring guides will pass through
the same spaces as when ascending; the spring guide bars rack to their
ordinary positions, and the lever guide bar racks to its ordinary position;
the Jacquard cylinder descends, the sinkers move forward, "the machine"
moves out from the needles, the presser descends, the sinkers rise and force
the work on to the beards of the needles, the presser bar rises, the sinkers
come forward and knock over the work, the instruments w go up, and so on.
If velvet work be intended to be produced by one additional thread, that is
three threads to each needle, then the cut of wheels shewn for that purpose is
to be as shewn. And if velvet with embroidery or satin are to be made,
with four threads to each needle, then the cut of wheels shewn for that
purpose is to be used; but it should be understood that, when combining the
two classes of work, there will be rests or runs upon the cams, with the
exception of the Jacquard cylinder cams, for it will be seen that the lapping
by the lever guides for the embroidery or satin work takes place by the same

page_text: pattern card as is used for the spring guides, and the lappings are performed
before the coming down of the instruments w, and the lever guides lap their
threads for making velvet after the instruments ware down; hence the
Jacquard cylinder will require to bring up a card for operating on the lever
guides for the velvet work. It will be evident that different colored thread or
threads, all of the same color, may be used in making fabrics by this part of
our Invention.
We will now proceed to describe the second part of our Invention, which
consists of making warp fabrics on warp machinery, by having separate pressers
applied to each needle, such separate pressers being acted on by Jacquard or
other suitable pattern surface.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS MARKED B.
These Drawings shew part of a transverse section of so much of a warp
frame as will enable us to describe this part of our Invention, and they also
shew a section of some of the parts full size. The warp frame shewn is of
the ordinary description, and the pressers, when once put into position by the
pattern surface and fixed, work in the same manner as the ordinary presser
bar, with the exception that some press their needles, and others omit to press,
according as they have been operated on by the pattern surface. The names
of the principal parts being written thereon, and as they are well understood,
they will not require to be described, we will therefore confine our description
to the construction of the pressers and parts working therewith. A, is the
bar which carries the independant pressers, one to each needle, they consist of
a series of plates sliding in combs B affixed to the bar A. The pressers C
when all down range together, making a complete bar which will act as if it
were a single presser bar, or any one part of it will act as a presser for its
particular needle. The under surface of each of the pressers is grooved, so as
to insure it pressing correctly on the beard of the needle below it, and in such
manner as not to cause the needle to be deflected on one side. To the upper
end of each of the presser plates is affixed a string which ascends to a
Jacquard apparatus above, or to other suitable apparatus, by which means
any of the pressers C may for the time being be raised out of the way, so that
when the others press on their needles and the work from such needles
is knocked off therefrom, the work on those needles which are not pressed on
will not be knocked off, but will remain on the needles till their pressers press
down the beards thereof, by which means a great diversity of pattern may be
obtained in warp fabrics made in warp frames where this part of our Invention
is applied. D is a locker bar which is capable of sliding on the bar A, and is

page_text: for the purpose of locking the independant pressers C as they have been
selected by the Jacquard apparatus. This locker bar D is retained on to the
bar A by pins D', which pass through slotted holes in the bar D, which is con-
stantly acted upon by springs E, with a tendency to withdraw the locker bar
from the independant pressers C, and there are trucks D³ applied to the locker
bar D. These trucks by running upon the surface F, when the pressers
descend to act upon the beards of the needles, cause the locker bar to assume
the position indicated by the red dotted lines, while the locker bar'D will at
all times be released from the independant pressers when the parts are in the
position shewn in the main section, at which time the selection should take
place by the Jacquard apparatus for the next operation of pressing. It will
be seen that the bar A is carried by the spindle bar G, which has arms affixed
to it, thoso arms having trucks which bear upon the cams in the ordinary
manner.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the best means
we are acquainted with for performing the same, we would remark, that wo
make no claim to any of the mechanical parts separately, and although we
have been particular in respect to the first part of our Invention to describe
the arrangement of independant guides, which we prefer for using additional
threads to cach needle, that is, making warp fabrics with three or more warp
threads to each needle, such additional threads being capable of separate and
independent action from each other, and from the other warp threads which go
to make the ground fabric, yet we do not confine ourselves thereto, as other
instruments may be used for the same purpose, and the arrangement of the
parts of warp frames may be varied, the peculiar character of this part of our
Invention being the so arranging warp frames that warp fabrics may be made
with three or more warp threads to each needle, the additional threads being
capable of working independantly of each other and of the warp threads
which make the ground fabric.
And with respect to the second part of our Invention we would state,
that we are aware that it has been proposed to apply independant pressers
to stocking frames, where it is well known only one thread is employed,
which is caused to loop into itself; we do not, therefore, claim independant
pressers when so employed; this second part of our Invention having for
its object the improvement of warp fabrics, wherein it is well known the
fabrics are made by combining many warp threads, by looping them together
by one or more threads being applied to each needle in the warp frame; and
therefore the second part of our Invention is confined to the use of independant
pressers to the separate needles of warp frames; and, although we prefer the

page_text: arrangement of the pressers shewn and described, we do not confine ourselves
to the particular arrangement so long as independant pressers are used.
And we wish it to be understood that what we claim is,
First, the manufacture of warp fabrics in warp frames by employing three
or more threads to each needle. And we also claim the combined using of
spring guides and lever guides in warp machinery. And we also claim the
supplying lever guides of warp frames with threads from bobbins (in place
of having several threads wound on the same beam) whereby each thread
may be used up in a fabric independent of all other threads. And,
.Secondly, we claim the manufacture of warp fabrics in warp frames by
applying thereto independant pressers, one to each needle.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Dearman Dunnicliff, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
JOHN DEARMAN (L.S.) DUNNICLIFF.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of June, in
the year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid John Dearman Dunnicliff came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and speci-
fied, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-six.