AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR UTILISING THE RESIDUES OF MADDER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARANCINE AND OTHER PREPARATIONS OF MADDER
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Prosper Faure and Jules Pernod, of Avignon, in
the Empire of France, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR
UTILISING THE RESIDUES OF MADDER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARANCINE AND
OTHER PREPARATIONS OF MADDER."
Sealed the 20th December 1859, and dated the 24th June 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Prosper Faure and Jules
Pernod at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th June 1859.
WE, PROSPER FAURE and JULES PERNOD, of Avignon, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention of "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR UTILISING THE RESIDUES OF MADDER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
GARANCINE AND OTHER PREPARATIONS OF MADDER," to be as follows, that is to
say:―
The object of our Invention is the obtaining. in a solid state the matters
held in solution in the wash.waters and vinasses (weak wines) of distillation
in the manufacture of garancine and other preparations of madder, which until
now have been lost. The process consists, first, in collecting in a reservoir
the acid waters, either alone or previously mixed with the vinasses (weak
wines) obtained from the distillation of the red waters of madder. Secondly,

page_text: in evaporating the said waters in a brick oven similar to that employed in the
concentration of saline solutions for the manufacture of carbonate of soda.
This oven receives the waters, and is in direct communication with a furnace
in action. In the maunfacture of garancine this oven serves also for heating
the stoves.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Prosper Faure and Jules Pernod in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st December 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, PROSPER
FAURE and JULES PERNOD, of Avignon, in the Empire of France, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Prosper Faure and Jules Pernod, Her special license that we,
the said Prosper Faure and Jules Pernod, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Prosper Faure and Jules
Pernod, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR
UTILISING THE RESIDUES OF MADDER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARANCINE AND
OTHER PREPARATIONS OF MADDER," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we,
the said Prosper Faure and Jules Pernod, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their or our hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Prosper Faure and Jules Pernod,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say :-
In the manufacture of garancine, and other preparations of madder, until

page_text: now only part of the raw material employed therein has been utilized.
The residues from this manufacture, which occur in large quantities, are carried
off with the acid by the final washing operations. These residues consist of
various substances held in solution in the wash waters and in the vinasses
(weak wines) of distillation, from the manufacture of garancine, and other
preparations of madder.
Many attempts have been made to collect these refuse matters, but without
success, owing to the difficulties encountered in evaporating at a small cost
the waters holding the residues in solution. Our Invention, therefore, consists
in evaporating economically the said wash waters, and obtaining in a solid
state the substances held in solution.
Our process is as follows: First, we collect in a suitable vessel the most con-
centrated of the acid waters, either alone or previously mixed with the filtered
vinasses (weak wines) proceeding from the distillation of the red madder
waters. Secondly, we evaporate the said waters in a brick oven similar to
that employed in the concentration of saline solutions for the manufacture of
carbonate of soda. The oven in which the said waters are introduced is in
direct communication with a lighted furnace, the products of combustion from
which in great part fall into and remain mixed with the said residues. When
the refuse matters are evaporated to a solid state, they are taken out of the oven.
The product thus obtained is of a black color; it is friable, and contains, in
addition to the acid employed in the manufacture of the garancine, mineral
saline matters, ammoniacal salts, and a large proportion of ulmine, arising
from the action of the acids, on the guminy and saccharine matters contained
in the madder. This product, which we call concentrated residue of madder,
is applicable to agricultural purposes, and is a highly nitrogenised manure,
and is also applicable as a substitute for animal black in many of its appli-
cations to the arts. In applying this residue to agriculture, it is well to mix
with it a sufficient quantity of carbonated or caustic lime to saturate the acid
contained therein. In the manufacture of garancine, we make use of the said
oven to beat the drying stoves, the same fuel thus answering both purposes at
once; hence the small cost of this new product.
Javing now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, what we claim as new, and intend to be protected by
the said in part recited Letters Patent, is the evaporating by means of an oven
in direct communication with a furnace, the wash waters, and vinasses (weak
wines) of distillation from the manufacture of garancine and other preparations
of madder containing residues of madder in solution, such oven being appli-
cable to heating the drying stoves used in the manufacture of garancine, and

page_text: by which process we obtain at a low price a product applicable to various
useful purposes, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Prosper Faure, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, in the year, of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
PROSPER FAURE. (L.S.)