A New or Improved Means or Method of Attaching or Fixing the Heads of Brooms, Brushes, Hatchets, Hammers, and other similar Articles to the Handles of the same.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1886.
Complete Left, 31st Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 4th Oct., 1887
A New or Improved Means or Method of Attaching or Fixing the
Heads of Brooms, Brushes, Hatchets, Hammers, and other
similar Articles to the Handles of the same.
I, JOHN BLAKEY, of 41 and 42, Lady Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, Shoe
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
:—
This invention relates to a new or improved means or method of attaching or fixing
the heads of brooms, brushes, hatchets, hammers, and other similar articles to the
handles of the same by inserting a wedge or wedges of a peculiar form into the
handle whilst the head is being attached thereto, thereby causing the end of
the handle to expand, and thus fixing itself firmly in the hole or socket of the head.
The wedge I prefer employing may be made of metal or other suitable material
either in the form of a hollow tapering cylinder or tube, or in the form of a solid
pointed cone with or without a flange and a pin or pins at the base, or in the form of
an ordinary wedge provided with any required number of projecting spikes or pins,
and with or without a curved base plate and serrated or notched edges.
When the circular form is employed the largest diameter or base of the wedge is
made smaller than the diameter of the hole or socket in or on the head, and its
length may be rather less than, or equal to the depth of the hole or socket. On one
or both ends of the hollow tapering cylinder or tube are provided with any
required number of projecting pointed pins or spikes, and the upper or smallest
diameter may be provided with a cutting edge for more readily entering the shaft or
handle. In some cases the base of this form of wedge may also be provided with a
flange.
To attach or fix the handle to the head, the projecting pointed pins at the upper
end are first driven into the end of the handles, or the pins at the base of the wedge
are inserted in the head of the brush or other similar article within the hole or socket
1 Price 8d. 1

page_text: afterwards the handle is placed in the hole, and by continuing to force it down to its
place the wedge is driven into the handle thereby expanding and firmly fixing it in
position.
For hatchets, hammers, and the like the pointed pins at the base of the wedge may
be dispensed with, also in some cases the wedge inay be cast or formed within the
hole or socket.
These wedges may be made or formed in other shapes than circular; and either
hollow solid; fluted, corrugated, serrated, notched, or otherwise.

page_text: A New or Improved Means or Method of Attaching or Fixing the
Heads of Brooms, Brushes, Hatchets, Hammers, and other
similar Articles to the Handles of the same.
I, JOHN BLAKEY, of 41 and 42 Lady Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, Shoe
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to a new or improved means or method of attaching or
fixing the heads of brooms, brushes, hatchets, hammers, saucepans, and other similar
articles to the handles of the same, and its object is to provide a simple and ready
contrivance or means that may be attached or fixed in position in the head, or on the
handle during the process of manufacture, and be thus sold together as one article,
or it may be sold separately by retailers and small ware dealers.. The means I employ
consists of a wedge or wedges of a peculiar form that may be readily inserted or
driven into the handle whilst the head is being attached thereto, thereby causing the
end of the handle to expand, and thus fixing itself firmly in the hole or socket of
the head or other article.
The form of wedge I prefer employing may be made of metal or other suitable
material either in the form of a hollow taporing cylinder or tube, or in the form of
a series of solid cuniform projections or sharp pointed cones mounted on a base
plate provided with one or more projecting pins for entering the brush head or
handle.
And in order that my invention may be more completely understood reference is
given to the accompanying drawings in which several forms of wedges or fastenings
are illustrated.
Fig. 1 represents a part sectional elevation of a brush or broom head with a
triangular or pyramidically shaped wedge.fixed in position.
Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are respectively a side and front elevation and plan of a triangular
or pyramidically shaped wedge fixed to the end of a broom handle in a reversed
position to that shown at Fig. 1.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively a plan and perspective view of wedge similar to that
shown at Figs. 2, 3, and 4.
Fig. 7. a part sectional elevation of a broom or brush head with a hollow tapering
cylinder wedge or tube fixed in position.
Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively an enlarged sectional elevation and plan of a hollow
tapering cylindrical wedge or fastening constructed according to this invention.
Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 are respectively elevations, or sectional elevations
and plans of a series or cluster of conical and cuniform fastenings arranged on spiked
base plates.

page_text: .
Fig. 17. is a sectional elevation showing the application of the hollow tapering
cylindrical or tubular wedge to a saucepan as a means for fastening the handle
thereto.
Like parts in all the views are represented by the same letters of reference.
A represents a broom or brush head provided with the usual hole a for the insertion
of the handle or shaft B. In the hole a is fixed or placed the fastening wedge () as
shown at Figs. 1 and 7, or the wedge C may be arranged to be attached or fixed
to the end or periphery of the handle or shaft as shown at Figs. 2, 3, and 4.
35
The function of the wedge C is to tightly fasten the two parts-broom head and
handle together either by splitting or expanding the end of the handle within the
hole a by means of wedges shaped as shown at Figs. 7 to 17, or else to force or "jam
a portion of the handle against a part of the hole a by means of a fastening shaped
similar to those shown at Figs. 1 to 6.
At Figs. 1 to 6 I have shown a triangular or pyramidically shaped wedge, preferably
arranged with the side or angle c at a right angle to the base c' and shaped to suit the
periphery or contour of the handle B. This form of wedge may either terminate in
a point as shown at Figs. 1 and 6, or it may be provided with a spike c² as shown at
Fig. 3. When it is intended to place this kind of wedge in the hole a prior to the
insertion of the handle B a spike or spikes e may be provided at the base c' as shown
at Fig. 1 for retaining it in position. But, if it is desired to attach the fastening to
the handle first, the wedge Û is reversed and the spike c* is dispensed with, and any
desired number of spikes or prongs ct at or on the side or angle c as shown at Figs. 2,
4, 5 and 6 may be provided.
63
It will be readily understood that when the above described form of fastening is
employed, as the handle B is being driven into the hole or socket a the end thereof is
expanded and forced against the "wall" or vertical part of the hole by the entry of
the tapering edge c into the handle as at Fig. 1; but when the fastening is previously
attached to the handle as at Figs. 2 to 4 the edge e' will enter the broom head as the
handle is being fixed in position, and thus force or "jam it tightly against the
vertical part or "wall" of the hole a.
"
But should it be preferred to fasten the head and handle together by wholly or
partially splitting the end of the handle within the hole, wedges of the form shown
at Figs. 7 to 17 may be employed
At Figs. 7, 8, and 9 the wedge shaped fastening is shown in the form of a hollow
ring, cylinder, or tube preferably made to taper both internally and externally-
triangular or cuniform in section-so that its top culminates in a sharp cutting
edge c for more readily entering the end of the handle. The diameter of this cutting
edge is shown larger than the internal diameter of the base c¹ but smaller than the
periphery of the saine. Spikes or prongs and c² may be provided at one or both
ends of the wedges for entering into the broom head (as shown at Fig. 7) or end
of the handle for attaching purposes.
But instead of using the hercin described hollow tubular wedge, any desired
number of sharp pointed cones or cuniform projections may be mounted or arranged
upon a flat or curved base plate c' as shown at Figs. 10 to 16.
The conical or cuniform projections C may be of the same height as showu at
Figs. 10 and 12, or of varying heights as shown at Fig. 14, and may be arranged
either, in a line so as to split the handle straight across, or around the base plate so as
to burst or expand the end of the handle at several points. The base plate c¹ may or
may not be provided with spikes c³, but I have found that the fastenings may be more
readily fixed in the broom head when provided with these spikes, and it also enables
the fastening to be inserted in the hole or socket prior to the brush or broom leaving
the manufacturer's hands. But when this form of fastening is employed the spikes c³
may be dispensed with as the sharp pointed cones or other projections are intended to
take their place. When a thin curved base plate is employed, as shown Fig. 10, the
edges e may be made chisel shaped or serrated for more readily entering the "wall"
of the hole as the handle B is being driven into the hole and onto the projections.
The force required to drive the handle into the hole also has the effect of flattening or

page_text: straightening the base plate, thus forcing the cutting or serrated edges into the broom
head.
I would have it understood that the spikes c³, c³, and c are in all cases simply
provided for retaining the fastening in position prior to or during the fixing operation.
When the tubular, cylindrical, cuniform, or cone shaped cluster is employed the
largest diameter or base of the fastening may be made sinaller than the diameter of
the hole or socket a, and the length of the wedge may be rather less or equal to the
depth of such hole or socket.
To attach or fix the handle to the head the spikes or projecting pins c² at the upper
end are first driven into the end of the handle, or the spikes or pins c at the base of
the fastening are inserted in the head of. the brush or other similar article within the.
hole or socket a, afterwards the handle B is placed in the hole a and by continuing to
force it down to its place, the wedge portion or portions is or are driven into the
handle thereby expanding the end and firmly attaching the two parts together.
For hatchets, hammers, saucepans, and the like, the pointed pins c at the base of
the fastening may be dispensed with, and also in some cases it may be cast or formed
within the hole or socket a as shown at Fig. 17.
I would further remark that the fastenings may be made or formed in other shapes
than those herein described and illustrated, and may be either hollow, solid, fluted,
corrugated, serrated, or notched at the base, or on the projecting portions.
In conclusion I would have it understood that an ordinary flat or rectangular
wodge mounted on a base plate without spikes, or cast within a socket, are described
in the Specifications of Letters Patent granted to John Linton, the 16th Juno
1886, No. 8011, and to Samuel Pickersgill, the 20th October 1885, No. 12500 and
have been previously used for this purpose, also that a single cone cast or formed
within a socket provided with projecting feathers, is described in the Specification of
Lotters Patent granted to Daniel Mylchreest, the 5th day of June 1875, No. 2082, as
being applicable for attaching castors to articles of furniture, but to none of these
arrangements do I make any claim as they are not separately suitable for attaining all
the objects I have in view.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The means such as herein described and illustrated for attaching broom or other
like heads or articles to their handles whereby increased facility and security in
attachment is obtained, substantially as herein set forth.
2. In the attachment of a broom head or other article to its handle, the use of a
tubular, or solid pyramidical, or triangular shaped fastening such as C, or of a base
plate armed with any desired number of conical or cuniform projections such as are
shown at Figs. 10 to 16 in combination with one or more downwardly, upwardly, or
outwardly projecting spikes constructed and arranged substantially as herein described
and illustrated.