Improvements in Screws, Drive Screws, Screw Shanks for Various Articles, and Screw Shanks applicable to Boring Tools, Augers, Bits, Drills, and for all similar purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 23rd May, 1891-Accepted, 27th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Screws, Drive Screws, Screw Shanks for Various
Articles, and Screw Shanks applicable to Boring Tools, Augers,
Bits, Drills, and for all similar purposes.
I, JOSEPH ANDREWS of 34 James Street, Saint Mary's, Southampton in the
County of Hampshire, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to screws, and fittings for furniture, and such articles, with
screw shanks that can be driven into wood and other material by hammering as a
nail is driven, and, or, inserted or extracted by turning by a screw driver, spanner,
or other means, also to screw shanks for boring tools, and to the points of all such
screws and screw tools. The shank of one form of screw as invented by me has
one complete thread with corresponding groove and a portion of another thread-
equal in length to say about one half more, or less, of a complete turn of the
thread is cut or otherwise formed on the pointed end of the complete thread the
incomplete thread dies away towards the head of the screw into the complete
thread, and both finish in a point at the end of the screw furthest from the head.
This form of screw has therefore one complete thread, and two sharp points.
I can also make screws, and screw shanks, upon this principle with two complete
threads, and four points, also with three threads with four, five, or six points,
having one or more incomplete threads at the points of same, each complete and
incomplete thread finishing in a sharp point.
Screws and screw shanks as invented by me can also be made with two, or more,
complete threads each finishing in a sharp point at the part of screw furthest from
the head.
The points of my screws can be arranged either to finish one behind the other,
or, they may all finish at an equal distance from the head of screw.
The shanks
of boring tools as invented by me will be provided with two or more complete
threads, each finishing in a sharp point of a particular shape and form, and the
grooves between the threads may be concave in section or of other approved form.
The shanks may also be made tapered from the points for the whole length of the
thread or spiral. With such a tool tapered holes may be bored it being possible to
both bore and countersink a hole in one operation.
Screws, drive-screws, and screw shanks, for various articles, as hereinbefore
described can be made of wrought, cast, or malleable cast iron, steel, brass, copper,
or other metal or alloy, and screw tools as hereinbefore described can be made of
cast or wrought steel or other suitable metal or alloy.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1890.
HERBERT P. BLAKE, M.I.N.A.,
20, Laura Place, Southampton, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Screws, Drive Screws, Screw Shanks for Various
Articles, and Screw Shanks applicable to Boring Tools, Augers,
Bits, Drills, and for all similar purposes.
I JOSEPH ANDREWS, of 34 James Street, Saint Mary's, Southampton, in the
County of Hampshire, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in screws, screw nails, and screw shanks
for various articles, and to boring tools with screw shanks, for which former

page_text: Letters Patent, were granted to me dated the 2nd day of June 1890, No. 8488, the
said improvements more especially described consisting of :-
First, screws provided with two complete, and one incomplete thread with
corresponding grooves; and three points.
Second, screws provided with three or more complete threads and corresponding
grooves each thread finishing in a sharp point.
Third, screw boring tools provided with three or more threads with corresponding
grooves each thread finishing in a cutting point.
The main objects of the present improvements are
First, to provide screws, and screw shanks for various articles with one complete,
and one incomplete thread with corresponding grooves, and two separate sharp
points.
Second, to provide screws and screw shanks for various articles with two complete
threads and corresponding grooves and two separate sharp points; such screws
can be readily inserted in wood either by being driven as a nail is driven, by a
hammer or the like, or inserted and afterwards extracted by turning in the ordinary
manner.
Third, to provide screw or twist boring tools, with two complete threads with
corresponding grooves, and two separate cutting points, and with such shanks and
points so that they will bore holes with great speed.
Fourth, to provide screw or twist boring tools with such shanks and points so
that they will bore tapered or conical holes.
Fifth, to provide boring tools that can be easily repaired in the event of injury
to the shanks and points.
I attain these objects by means of the arrangement and form of the shanks and
points of my improved screws, and screw tools, as described in this Specification
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1, is an elevation, and
Fig. 2, an end view looking at the points of one description of my improved screws,
drive screws, and screw shanks for furniture fittings and the like, the same having
one complete thread with corresponding groove, and a portion of another thread A
cut, impressed, or otherwise formed on the pointed end of the complete thread, the
incomplete thread dying away into the complete thread in a direction towards
the head of the screw, and both the complete and incomplete threads finishing in a
separate sharp point, this form of screw has therefore one complete thread and one
incomplete thread and two separate points B, and D. Fig. 3. is an elevation and
Fig. 4. a plan on top of same, of my improved screw shank for boring tools, the
same having two complete threads or twists each finishing in a separate cutting
point J. and K. Fig. 5. is an elevation and Fig. 6. an end view looking at the
points of another description of my improved screw shank for boring tools the
same having a tapered shank with four complete threads or twists finishing in
cutting points P. Q. R. S., by means of this tool it is possible and convenient to bore
tapered or conical holes.
Similar letters refer to similar parts in the respective views.
According to my improvements the shanks of screws can also be made with two
or more complete threads and corresponding grooves, and with no incomplete
threads provided on same, in this case each thread would finish in a separate sharp
point at the part of screw furthest from the head.
The points of my screws may be arranged either to finish one behind the other
or all at an equal distance from the head of the screw.
In making screw shanks according to my improvements, I do not limit myself to
any particular form of the threads, or grooves, after they leave the points, or to
the pitch, the same may vary to suit the different purposes for which the screws
are required, probably the threads of the shanks for screw nails or drive screws
will have a considerable pitch and the outer edges C, somewhat rounded off, a
screw thus made is easily driven by means of a hammer and readily turns upon its
axis as it advances, and does not disintegrate the fibre of the material into which
it is driven to any considerable extent,

page_text: Screw shanks of somewhat similar make but made more especially for insertion
by turning as an ordinary screw, will have a less pitch than the shanks for drive
screws, and the outer edge C, (see Fig. 1) of the threads would probably be made
with a sharp cutting edge.
In making screw boring tools with two threads and corresponding grooves
(see Figs. 3, and 4,) I do not limit myself to any particular form or pitch of the
threads and grooves but the same may vary to suit the different purposes for which
the tools may be required or material to be bored. Although in Figs. 5, and 6, I
have shewn the shank of a boring tool with four complete threads and corresponding
grooves each finishing in a separate sharp cutting point.
I remark that I do not therefore limit myself to any particular number of threads
and corresponding grooves and points to the shanks of this kind of boring tool,
provided the same equal two or more, and that the cutting points are equal in
number to the threads nor do I confine myself to any exact form or pitch of the
threads, but the same may vary according to the different purposes for which the
tools may be required or material to be bored, the threads of this tool would
probably be brought to a fine cutting edge at N, (see Fig. 5,) as the latter would
be doing duty as a "rimer" while the points are boring the hole.
By means of the arrangement and form of the points J, K, (see Figs. 3, and 4)
and P, Q, R, S, (see Figs. 5, and 6,) as illustrated, each revolution of the tool when
boring results in a portion of the wood or other material into which it is passing to
be cut and the cuttings or borings escape up the grooves away from the points.
Should the points J, K, (see Figs. 3, and 4,) and P, Q, R, S, (see Figs. 5, and 6,)
be blunted they can be easily re-sharpened, and even should the tool be broken
across the threads, leaving any considerable part of the shank, it is possible and
convenient to recut the points upon same thus rendering it (the tool) as serviceable
as ever.
Almost any material can be bored by these tools-made in accordance with my
improvements including wood, leather, iron, metals of all descriptions, rock, and
the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. Screws, that can be readily inserted in wood by driving as a nail is driven,
constructed substantially in manner as herein before described and illustrated in
accompanying drawings.
2nd. Screw shanks provided with one complete, and one incomplete thread, with
corresponding grooves, finishing in two separate sharp points at the part of shank
furthest from the head, as hereinbefore substantially described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
3rd. Screw shanks provided with two complete threads, and corresponding
grooves, finishing in two separate sharp points, at the part of nk furthest from
the head, as hereinbefore substantially described.
4th. Screw or twist boring tools with two complete thread and corresponding
grooves, finishing in two separate sharp cutting points, as hereinbefore substantially
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5th. Screw or twist boring tools with tapered shanks with two or more threads,
and corresponding grooves, finishing in separate sharp cutting points as hereinbefore
substantially described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1891.
HERBERT P. BLAKE, M.I.N.A.,
70, High Street, Southampton, Agent for the Applicant.