Apparatus for Supplying Persons with Pure Inhalable Gases when Situated in Localities Charged with Deleterious Gases.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 28th May, 1900-Accepted, 14th July, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Supplying Persons with Pure Inhalable Gases when
Situated in Localities Charged with Deleterious Gases.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Build-
ings, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to
me from abroad by Sauerstoff-Fabrik, Berlin, Gesellschaft mit beschrankter
Haftung, of No. 15, Tegelerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Manufacturers,) to be
as follows;
-
This invention relates to apparatus for use in localities charged with deleterious
gases, whereby persons in such localities are provided with a supply of pure
gases consisting mainly of oxygen gas so as to prevent their being affected by
such deliterious gases.
Apparatus of this kind heretofore proposed suffer from the disadvantage that
the weight thereof was not very conveniently distributed, so that the carrying
thereof caused inconvenience and the liberation of the carbon dioxide from the
exhaled gases was not effected in a reliable manner. Furthermore, the cleansing
and refitting of the apparatus after use was difficult such cleansing being in-
dispensable after the apparatus had been in use for some time.
These disadvantages are obviated by the improved apparatus forming the sub-
ject of the present invention, this being so arranged that the exhaled gases are
not delivered directly into the charge of oxygen which is to be inhaled as
heretofore, but are first conveyed, separate from such oxygen supply, into a
receptacle in which the absorption of the exhaled carbon dioxide is effected, and
from which the remaining gases are then conveyed to the oxygen supply. By
such arrangement of a conduit for the exhaled gases separate from oxygen
supply to be inhaled, the receptacle for the absorption of the carbon dioxide
can be arranged separate from the oxygen reservoir, and can therefore be more
conveniently arranged on the body of the person using the apparatus, than was
possible with previous constructions.
By this arrangement of the carbon dioxide absorbing device separate from
the oxygen reservoir; the cleansing of the apparatus is greatly facilitated.
Furthermore, such separation of the exhaled gases from the oxygen to be
inhaled, enables the nose to be employed for breathing, as a considerably less
pressure has to be overcome. Such breathing through the nose, besides being
more natural, has the advantage that the inconvenient and unreliable use of a
clamping device for closing the nose is dispensed with, while the closing of the
mouth is effected much more easily and conveniently.
The apparatus for the above purpose is preferably constructed as follows.
A gas bag is divided by a partition into two compartments; from one of these
a flexible tube projects terminating in a tube of metal or other suitable material
in which is a spring valve tending to close the flexible tube. Above such valve
the metal tube has a lateral branch tube the orifice of which is closed by a second
spring valve and to this branch is attached a second flexible tube that communi-
cates with the second compartment of the gas bag which is filled with a supply
of oxygen gas. Each compartment of the bag furthermore communicates by
means of a flexible tube with one end of a metal cylinder that is charged with

page_text: material such as soda-lime for the absorption of carbon dioxide: The ends of this
cylinder are closed by removeable covers through which access can be gained to the
interior for cleaning, and on these covers are metal branch tubes with stop
cocks, to which the before mentioned flexible tubes of the bag are attached.
The before mentioned metal tube to which the two flexible tubes leading to the
compartments of the gas bag are connected, is provided with a mouthpiece or
nozzle adapted to be inserted either into the mouth or the nose.
The apparatus operates as follows, on inhaling through the said mouthpiece
the operator draws in oxygen from the second compartment, on exhaling, the
valve of the oxygen supply closes and that of the tube leading to the first.com-
partment opens, so that the exhaled gases pass into this compartment, from
which they then pass through the corresponding connecting tube into the one
end of the cylinder for absorbing the carbon dioxide, in passing through this
cylinder the exhaled gases are consequently freed from the carbon dioxide and
they then pass through the second connecting tube back into the compartment
containing the oxygen, to be again inhaled with the latter.
+
To the tube carrying the mouthpiece may be attached by a chain or cord the
clamp or other device for holding the mouth or nose closed, according to which of
the two is used for breathing.
Dated this 1st day of November 1899
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Apparatus for Supplying Persons with Pure Inhalable Gases when
Situated in Localities Charged with Deleterious Gases.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Build-
ings, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to
me from abroad by Sauerstoff-Fabrik, Berlin, Gesellschaft mit beschrankter
Haftung, of No. 15 Tegelerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Manufacturers,) and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement;-
This invention relates to apparatus for use in localities charged with deleterious
gases, whereby persons in such localities are provided with a supply of pure
gases consisting mainly of oxygen gas so as to prevent their being effected by
such deleterious gases.
Apparatus of this kind heretofore proposed suffer from the disadvantage that
the weight thereof was not very conveniently distributed, so that the carrying
thereof caused inconvenience and the liberation of the carbon dioxide from the
exhaled gases was not effected in a reliable manner. Furthermore, the cleansing
and refitting of the apparatus after use was difficult such cleansing being in-
dispensable after the apparatus had been in use for some time.
These disadvantages are obviated by the improved apparatus forming the sub-
ject of the present invention, this being so arranged that the exhaled gases are
not delivered directly into the charge of oxygen which is to be inhaled as
heretofore, but are first conveyed, separate from such oxygen supply, into a
receptacle in which the absorption of the exhaled carbon dioxide is effected, and
from which the remaining gases are then conveyed to the oxygen supply.
By such arrangement of a conduit for the exhaled gases separate from oxygen
supply to be inhaled, the receptacle for the absorption of the carbon dioxide
can be arranged separate from the oxygen reservoir, and can therefore be more

page_text: conveniently arranged on the body of the person using the apparatus, than was
possible with previous constructions.
By this arrangement of the carbon dioxide absorbing device separate from
the oxygen reservoir, the cleansing of the apparatus is greatly facilitated.
Furthermore, such separation of the exhaled gases from the oxygen to be
inhaled, enables the nose to be employed for breathing, as a considerably less
pressure has to be overcome. Such breathing through the nose, besides being
more natural, has the advantage that the inconvenient and unreliable use of a
clamping device for closing the nose is dispensed with, while the closing of the
mouth is effected much more easily and conveniently.
The accompanying drawing is an elevation of an apparatus constructed accord-
ing to this invention, a portion of the breathing tubes being shewn in section.
The gas-tight bag a is divided by a gas-tight partition d into the compart-
ments and c. Into the compartment 6 is inserted the tube f and into the com-
partment a the tube e. These tubes are preferably flexible and are provided
with rigid end pieces h and i; the piece h opens into the piece and is closed
by a valve g. The piece i has a valve k by which it is closed at a point below
that at which the piece h opens into it; on the end of this piece i is the nose piece
or, it may be, a mouthpiece for respiration. The compartments b and c are in
communication with the holder o through the tubes m and n respectively. This
holder o is a sheet metal drum containing an absorbent of carbon dioxide, such
as soda-lime, which is designed to absorb the carbon-dioxide of the expired air.
The drum o can be cut off from communication with the tubes m and n by
the cocks p and q respectively.
The valve k is an inwardly opening valve whilst the valve g opens outwards.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-
The compartment b is filled with oxygen through the inlet r. An inspiration
at the nose piece will now draw the oxygen from the compartment b, through the
tube f, piece h, valve g and piece i. On expiration the air passes through i, valve k
and tube e into compartment c. As breathing proceeds the expired air passes
through the tube n and cock g into the absorption apparatus o and thence through
cock and tube m into the compartment 6 from where it is re-inspired through
the tube f, having been freed from carbon dioxide and rendered fit for respira-
tion by the material in o.
Very little pressure has to be exerted during respiration with this apparatus,
so that breathing is almost as easy therewith as in the open air.
The mouth may be closed, when the apparatus is applied to the nose, by a
plates or the like, which may be attached to the apparatus as shewn.
The absorption vessel o is easily detached. Its contents do not come into
contact with the gas-bag a, so that cleaning and refilling are very easy.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
Apparatus for supplying respirable gas in deleterious atmospheres consisting of
a gas holder divided into two compartments, the one for the gas for inspiration
and the other for the gas expired, and of a vessel containing an absorbent of
carbon dioxide connected with both compartments in such manner that the
expired gases pass from their compartment through the said vessel into the
compartment for the gases for inspiration, substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of May 1900.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.