Improvements in Oil and Gas Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Dec., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Sept., 1897-Accepted, 23rd Oct., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil and Gas Motors.
. I, CHARLES M. JOHNSON of Broad Street House, New Broad Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
to
My invention relates to oil and gas motors and has for its object the reduction
minimum of the vibration due to the explosions in the cylinders.
The improved motor is provided with a crank shaft having three cranks with
or without a journal on either side of the centre crank and so disposed that the
centre crank is opposite to, that is to say at an angle of 180° with, the crank on
either side thereof.
The cylinders may be disposed in various ways always provided that the recoil
of the explosion in one cylinder is equal and opposite in direction to, therefore
neutralizing, the simultaneous recoil of the explosion or explosions in the remain-
ing cylinder or cylinders.
For instance in one construction I arrange on a common axis one cylinder on
either side of the crankshaft both cylinders being of equal diameter. One of the
pistons is provided with a straight connecting rod which takes on to the centre
crank. The other piston being connected to the two remaining cranks by means
of a forked connecting rod or two separate straight connecting rods.
In another construction I arrange on one side of the crankshaft and on a
common axis two cylinders of equal diameter. The piston nearest the crank-
shaft is connected to the centre crank by means of a straight connecting rod
while a pistón rod connected to the remaining piston is provided with a crosshead
working in guides on the frame or other convenient part, said crosshead being
connected to the two remaining cranks by means of two straight connecting rods.
Instead of having two separate cylinders end to end as just described there may
be only one long cylinder, that is to say the end covers or partition between the
two cylinders may be dispensed with so that one charge and one ignition serves
to operate both pistons. There may also be a carburettor to convert oil or the like
into gas in the middle of the cylinder between the two pistons so that one car-
burettor provides the charge for both pistons.
In any of the constructions when it is desirable for affording additional support
to the crankshaft I may provide journals on either side of the centre crank and
the two end cranks may if desired consist of crank pins provided on discs or fly-
wheels the peripheries of which may be utilized to receive chains bands or the
like for the transmission of power.
The crosshead may also be utilized for driving a pump for the circulation of
water around the cylinders or for the compression of the air or explosive mixture.
In another construction I arrange one cylinder on one side of the crankshaft
and on the other side thereof, on axes parallel to and in the same plane with
the axis of the first cylinder, two cylinders whose united areas are equal to the
area of the first mentioned cylinder.

page_text: This first mentioned cylinder is connected to the centre crank by means of a
straight connecting rod and the two last mentioned cylinders are connected each
to one of the two remaining cranks by means of a straight connecting rod.
Another construction is provided with three cylinders side by side, the area of
one cylinder preferably the central one being equal to the area of the other two
cylinders the crank is of the construction before described and while the large
piston is provided with an impulse in one direction the other two pistons are pro-
vided with an impulse in the other direction it being understood that while one
piston will have to go through a stuffing box and be connected by a connecting rod
to its crank the other two may be connected by connecting rods with the other
two cranks.
In each and every construction all the parts which move in relation to the
centre crank balance the remaining parts which move in relation to the two
remaining cranks.
Although I have not described any particular construction of admission and
outlet valves or any particular forms of carburettor, igniter, or the like I wish it
to be understood that I may use any desirable means for the purposes of producing
an explosive charge, compressing same, igniting, exhausting and cooling the
cylinders or other working parts.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1896
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
Improvements in Oil and Gas Motors.
I, CHARLES M. JOHNSON late of Broad Street House New Broad Street in the City
of London but at present of Nos. 22 and 23 Lawrence Pountney Lane in the City
of London, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: -
My invention relates to oil and gas motors and has for its object the reduction
to a minimum of the vibration due to the explosions in the cylinders.
The improved motor is provided with a crank shaft having three cranks with or
without a journal on either side of the centre crank and so disposed that the
centre crank is opposite to---that is to say-at an angle of 180° with, the crank on
either side thereof.
The cylinders may be disposed in various ways, always provided, that the recoil
of the explosion in one cylinder is equal and opposite in direction to, therefore
neutralizing the simultaneous recoil of the explosion or explosions in the remain-
ing cylinder or cylinders.
Figs. 1-5 shew in diagrammatic form as examples various arrangements of
cylinders and cranks by means of which I obtain the object of my invention."
Fig. 1 for instance shews one construction in which I arrange on a common
axis 1-1 two cylinders A1, A2, one on either side of the triple crank shaft B.
The piston C is provided with a straight connecting rod D' which takes on to
the central crank, the other piston C being connected to the two remaining
cranks by means of a forked connecting rod D³ or its equivalent that is to say
two straight connecting rods one for each crank.
Fig. 2 shews another construction in which I arrange on one side of the triple
crank shaft B and on a common axis 1-1 two cylinders A1, A2. The piston C¹

page_text: nearest the crank shaft B is connected to the central crank by means of a straight
connecting rod D'. The remaining piston C2 is connected to a piston rod H pro-
vided with a crosshead E working in guides on the frame or other convenient
part. The crosshead E is connected to the two remaining cranks of the crank-
shaft B by means of two straight connecting rods D³ D+.
The crosshead E may also be utilized for driving a pump for the circulation of
water around the cylinders or for the compression of the air or explosive mixture.
In Fig. 3 is shewn a construction similar to that described with reference to
Fig. 2 in which the crosshead E is omitted and in place thereof a second crank
shaft B is shewn to which the piston is connected by the connecting rod D²;
the connecting rods D3, D4, serving to connect the two crank shafts B, B¹.
Instead of having two separate cylinders end to end as described with reference
to Fig. 2 there may be one long cylinder A only, provided with two pistons C¹, C³,
as shewn in Fig. 3, that is to say, the ends or partition between the two cylinders
before described may be dispensed with so that one charge and one ignition serves
to operate both pistons. Further there may be a carburettor indicated by the
letter to convert oil or the like into gas in the middle of the cylinder between
the two pistons so that one carburettor provides the charge for both pistons.
Fig. 4 shows another construction, in which I arrange one cylinder A on one
side of the crank shaft B and on the other side thereof two cylinders A2, A3, on
axes 2-2, 3-3, parallel to and in the same plane with the axis 1-1 of the
cylinder A. The piston C of the Cylinder A¹ is connected to the central crank of
the crankshaft B by means of a straight connecting rod D¹ and the pistons C2, C3,
in the Cylinders A2, A3 respectively are connected each to a crank by means of
straight connecting rods D2 D³.
Fig. 5 shows another construction three cylinders A1, A2, A3, being arranged
side by side the area of one cylinder, preferably the central one A¹ being equal to
or about equal to the united areas of the other two cylinders A2 A3 the areas of
the two cylinders A3 A3 being also preferably equal. The cylinder A¹ is provided
with a stuffing box G and the piston rod H being suitably guided is connected to
the central crank of the crankshaft B by means of a straight connecting rod D¹.
The pistons C3, C3, in the cylinders A2, A3 are respectively connected to the crank-
shaft B or its equivalents by connecting rods D2, D3. While the large piston C
is receiving an impulse in one direction the two small pistons A2 A3 are receiving
impulses in the opposite direction.
In any construction according to my invention when it is desirable to afford
additional support to the crankshaft as shewn in Fig. 3 & 5 I may provide
journals on either side of the central crank and the two end cranks may if desired
consist of crank pins provided on discs or flywheels, the peripheries of which may
be utilized to receive chains bands or the like for the transmission of power.
In each and every construction all the parts which move in relation to the
central crank balance the remaining parts which move in relation to the two
remaining cranks.
Although I have not described any particular construction of admission and
outlet valves or any particular forms of carburettor, igniter or the like I wish it
to be understood that I may use any desirable means for the purposes of pro-
ducing an explosive charge, compressing same, igniting, exhausting and cooling
the cylinders or other working parts. It is obviously also within the scope of my
invention to arrange around the crank shaft more than one set of cylinders as
described and shown upon the drawings.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. An oil or gas motor having two or more pistons so arranged that they are
impelled simultaneously in opposite directions and communicate motion to one

page_text: crank shaft or more than one crank shaft in such manner that the vibration is
reduced substantially as set forth.
2. An oil or gas motor having two or more cylinders so arranged that their
pistons are impelled simultaneously in opposite directions and communicate
motion to a common crank shaft in such manner that the vibration is reduced
substantially as set forth.
3. An oil or gas motor having three or more cylinders so arranged that one or
more of their pistons receives or receive an impulse in one direction while the
remaining pistons receive an impulse in the opposite direction so as to communi-
cate motion to one crankshaft or more than one crankshaft in such manner that
the vibration is reduced substantially as set forth.
4. An oil or gas motor having a cylinder containing two pistons so arranged
that they are impelled simultaneously in opposite directions by the expansion of
the gases resulting from the ignition of one charge substantially as set forth.
5. The constructions of motors as described and shown on the drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1897.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.