Improvements in Furnaces, and Apparatus for and in the Method of Manufacturing and Purifying the Waste Products from Blast and other Furnaces, Cupolas, and for other purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 16 h Mar., 1896-Accepted, 16th May, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces, and Apparatus for and in the Method of
Manufacturing and Purifying the Waste Products from Blast and
other Furnaces, Cupolas, and for other purposes.
WILLIAM JOHN CLAPP of 26 York Place Newport in the County of Monmouth
Surgeon and JOHN FREDERICK WAKE of Skerne Iron Works Darlington in the
County of Durham Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the utilization of the waste products
from various furnaces, forges, cupolas &c., including blast furnace, Bessemer and
steel slags and slag wool in combination with the refuse of gas lime, old firebricks,
fireclay, limestone, marble refuse, plaster of paris, lime, whinstone, granite, flint,
and graphite, eitber separately or in combination with the refuse of slag wool, on
account of the silicate it contains, as well as borax, tugstate of soda, burnt alum,
ammonia, chloride of platinum, salt or other similar fire or damp proofing chemicals
and glazing materials as well as various colouring chemicals that may be required.
We find it will be necessary to carry out our invention that all the substances or
materials to be used must be finely pulverized previously being placed in the
specially constructed purifying furnace, either of the reverberatory or regenerative
type to be adopted as described herein, for the purpose of eliminating the sulphur
phosphorus or other deleterious bodies that any of the materials above described
may contain. The furnace referred to may be similar to the reverberatory or
regenerative furnace, and our improvements consist in our having two bridges,
instead of one as heretofore, an inner bridge to be higher than the other or outer
bridge so that the flame will draw with greater velocity to the interior of the
furnace, in the space between the two bridges powdered lime, manganese or any
purifying agents can be delivered with a blast of air passing through tuyres or
any other suitable arrangement so that the flame will be charged with the purifying
agents that will assist in removing the deleterious sulphur phosphorus, &c. This
operation is to be continuous. In the upper and central portion of the chamber
between the two bridges is to be placed a blower so that the flame may be conducted
from the grate below over the outer bridge, down its inside and over the inner
bridge into the interior of the furnace. The bed or bottom of the furnace is to be
as flat as possible and made of the best firebrick having a deep foundation of
fireclay, the sides to be similar and also the roof which is to be arched. The end
of furnace opposite inner bridge is to be connected with a chimney stack with
dampers. The size of furnace can be adapted to circumstances. The whole of the
interior of furnace is to be thoroughly glazed before being used. The furnace is
to be kept in position by being cased in strong iron frames belted together and
strong coupling bars to pass longitudinally and transversely through frames. The
furnace is to be fitted with a sliding door lined with firebrick for the purpose of
putting in and drawing out charges. In commencing to use the furnace it is brought
to a steel heat and the whole of the interior will have the appearance of being
glazed with glass. A layer of pulverized lime or limestone is then to be put in to
the bottom of furnace, then a layer of the desired waste products as before described
then another layer of pulverized lime or limestone and so on until the furnace

page_text: is sufficiently charged and when the whole of the contents have become a steel heat
then a rabble or mixer is to be used to stir the contents well together the damper
is then to be drawn up to allow the gasses to escape; this is done frequently and
the gasses and smoke are allowed to pass to the chimney or stack first being sprayed
by water from a tank in the base of stack thus washing & purifying the gasses
the water in this tank is allowed to overflow to drain and the sediment is cleaned
out of the tank from time to time and may be found to be of commercial value.
The furnace may be heated similarly to the ordinary type of reverberatory or
regenerative furnace or by gas, petroleum or electricity and may attain additional
heat by introducing highly superheated steam to its interior.
When the materials have been treated in the furnace as above described they
are to be taken out and reduced to powder in suitable machinery and it will then
be fit for use. It will be found fit for cement or amalgam and having been mixed
with water containing percentage of burnt alum, borax, common salt, lime,
tugstate of soda, ammonia, chloride of platinum, or other suitable chemicals may
then be formed into a mass for moulding in presses or other apparatus to any
required shape or shapes. After being removed from the mould and allowed to
dry it will be found to have become a dense hard mass fire and damp proof and in
time as hard as any stone.
By the addition of pigments any required colour may be obtained in the mass.
Dated this 31st day of May 1895.
WILLIAM JOHN CLAPP.
JOHN FREDERICK WAKE.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces, and Apparatus for and in the Method of
Manufacturing and Purifying the Waste Products from Blast and
other Furnaces, Cupolas, and for other purposes.
WILLIAM JOHN CLAPP of 26 York Place, Newport in the County of Monmouth,
Surgeon and JOHN FREDERICK WAKE of the Skerne Iron Works Darlington in
the County of Durham Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the utilization of the waste products
from various furnaces, forges, cupolas etc., including blast furnace Bessemer and
steel slags and slag wool in combination with the refuse of gas lime, old firebricks,
fireclay limestone, marble refuse, plaster of paris, lime, whinstone, granite, flint
and graphite, either separately or in combination with the refuse of slag wool, on
a/c of the silicate it contains, as well as borax, tungstate of soda, burnt alum,
ammonia, chloride of platinum, salt or other similar fire or damp proofing chemicals
and glazing materials as well as various colouring chemicals that may be required.
We find it will be necessary to carry out our invention that all the substances or
materials to be used must be finely pulverised previously being placed in the
specially constructed purifying furnace, either of the reverberatory or regenerative
type to be adopted as described herein for the purpose of eliminating the sulphur
phosphorus or other deleterious bodies that any of the materials above described
may contain.
The furnace referred to may be similar to the reverberatory or regenerative
furnace and our improvements consist in our having two bridges instead of one as
heretofore, an inner bridge to be higher than the other or outer bridge so that the
flame will draw with greater velocity to the interior of the furnace, in the space
between the two bridges powdered lime; manganese or any purifying agents can

page_text: be delivered with a blast of air passing through tuyeres, or any other suitable
arrangement so that the flame will be charged with the purifying agents that will
assist in removing the deleterious sulphur phosphorus etc.
This operation is to be continuous. In the upper and central portion of the
chamber between the two bridges is to be placed a blower so that the flame may
be conducted from the grate below over the outer bridge, down its inside and over
the inner bridge into the interior of the furnace.
The bed or bottom of the furnace is to be as flat as possible and made of the
best firebrick having a deep foundation of fireclay, the sides to be similar and also
the roof which is, to be arched..
The end of the furnace opposite inner bridge is to be connected with a chimney
stack with dampers.
The size of furnace can be adapted to circumstances.
The whole of the interior of the furnace is to be thoroughly glazed before being
used. The furnace is to be kept in position by being cased in strong iron frames
belted together and strong coupling bars to pass longitudinally and transversely
through frames.
The furnace is to be fitted with a sliding door lined with firebrick for the purpose
of putting in and drawing charges. In commencing to use the furnace, it is to be
brought to.a steel heat, and the whole of the interior. will have the appearance of
being glazed with glass.
A layer of pulverized lime or limestone is then to be put on to the bottom of the
furnace, then a layer of the waste products as before described, then another layer
of pulverized lime, and so on until the furnace is sufficiently charged. And when
the whole of the contents have become a steel heat, then a rabble or mixer is to
be used to stir the contents well together; the damper is then to be drawn up to
allow the gases to escape, this is done frequently, and the gases and smoke are
allowed to pass to the chimney or stack, first being sprayed by water from a tank
in the base of the stack, thus washing and purifying the gases.
The water in this tank is allowed to overflow to drain, and the sediment is
cleaned out of the tank from time to time, and may be found to be of chemical
value.
Attached hereto are drawings showing the furnace and general arrangements.
Sheet 1 shows an end elevation where H is the hopper for powdered lime, and
other purifying agents. F is the fan or blower. D doors for closing ashpit.
P steam pipe for jet. C hollow columns through which steam is admitted below
firebars. L is blast pipe from blower into which are admitted purifying agents.
Sheet 2 shows furnace and arrangements in plan. A is the ashpit. B firebars.
C outer bridge. D blower. E hopper for purifying agents. Finner bridge.
G furnace hearth. I bridge. J flue. K chimney stack, tank and spray
arrangement. Mouter overflow tank.
Sheet 3 shows front elevation. ✗ is the firing door. E opening for pipe from
fan. O charging door. R valve for regulating steam jets. L tank and spray
arrangement in stack. M overflow tank. W damper.
The furnace may be heated similarly to the ordinary type of reverberatory or
regenerative furnace, or by gas, petroleum, or electricity, and may attain additional
heat by introducing highly superheated steam to its interior. When the materials
have been treated in the furnace as above described, they are to be taken out and
reduced to powder in suitable machinery, and it will then be fit for use.
It will be
found fit for cement or amalgam, and having been mixed with water containing a
percentage of burnt alum, borax, common salt, lime, tungstate of soda, ammonia,
chloride of platinum, or other suitable chemicals may then be formed into a mass
for moulding in presses or other apparatus to any required shape or shapes.
After being removed from the moulds and allowed to dry, it will be found to
have become a dense hard mass, fire and damp proof, and in time as hard as any
stone.
By the addition of pigments, any required colour may be obtained in the mass,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the said is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. The special purifying furnace either of the reverberatory or regenerative
type with its twin bridges as described.
2nd. The system of and arrangements for delivering powdered lime, manganese
or any other. purifying agents with.a blast of air into the interior of the furnace
during its working.
3rd. The arrangement for and application of spray of water in the base of stack
for purifying and recovering valuable products as described from the waste gases.
4th. The method of manipulating and charging into furnace the various waste
products as described.
5th The combination of furnace and method of introducing purifying agents
and spray arrangement in stack with method of treatment of the various waste
material substantially as described.
WILLIAM JOHN CLAPP.
JOHN FREDERICK WAKE.