IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TESTING IRON, AS TO ITS CAPACITY FOR RECEIVING MAGNETISM, AND IN MAGNETIC APPARATUS." ITS CAPACITY FOR RECEIVING MAG, AND IN
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Knight, of 9, Charterhouse Square, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TESTING IRON, AS TO
ITS CAPACITY FOR RECEIVING MAGNETISM, AND IN MAGNETIC APPARATUS."
ITS CAPACITY FOR RECEIVING MAGNETISM, AND IN MAGNETIC APPARATUS.”
Sealed the 2nd February 1855, and dated the 21st November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Knight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1854.
I, RICHARD KNIGHT, of 9, Charterhouse Square, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN-APPARATUS POR TESTING IRON,
AS TO ITS CAPACITY FOR RECEIVING MAGNETISM, AND IN MAGNETIC APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:--
This Invention consists, first, of apparatus for supporting bars of iron in
the magnetic meridian, which consists of a stand, on which is mounted an
upright capable of rotating, and on the top of such upright is mounted a
shelf, capable of moving on an axis, and so as to admit of its being fixed
in the magnetic meridian, and on this shelf two bars of soft iron are placed.
and fixed in the magnetic meridian, the two bars not touching each other,
but being fixed at such a distance apart as to admit of a piece of soft iron
with a coil of wire thereon revolving between them, and thus indicating on a
galvanometer the properties of the iron; or in place of the coils being placed

page_text: on the piece of soft iron, the coils may be placed on the two bars, and the
piece of soft iron alone revolved in the presence of the ends of the bars.
And, secondly, in combining apparatus for obtaining currents of electricity
in circuits, my-improvements are as follows:-In place of putting coils
around the piece of soft iron, as heretofore, my Invention consists-of-placing
the coils on suitable frames and then on the-magnets, and the soft iron is
alone revolved in the presence of the poles of the magnets.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Knight in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
KNIGHT, of 9, Charterhouse Square, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Knight, Her special licence that I, the said Richard Knight, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Knight,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree, with, and
no otliers, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
TESTING IRON, AS TO ITS CAPACITY FOR RECEIVING MAGNETISM, AND IN MAGNETIC
APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard
Knight, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause, the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that, I, the said Richard Knight, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what.manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof. (that is to say):-
This Invention consists, first,. of apparatus for supporting bars of iron in

page_text: the magnetic meridian,-which consists of a stand, on which is mounted an
upright capable of rotating, and on the top of such upright is mounted a
shelf, capable of moving on an axis, and so as to admit of its being fixed
in the magnetic meridian, and on this shelf two bars of soft iron are placed
and fixed in the magnetic meridian, the two bars not touching each other, but
being fixed at such a distance apart as to admit of a piece of soft iron with
a coil of wire thereon revolving between them, and thus indicating on a
galvanometer the properties of the iron; or in place of the coils being placed
on the piece of soft iron the coils may be placed on the two bars, and the
piece of soft iron alone revolved in the presence of- the ends of the bars.
:
And, secondly, in combining apparatus for obtaining currents of electricity
in circuits, my improvements are. as follows:--In place of putting coils
around the piece of soft iron, as heretofore, my Invention consists of placing
the coils on suitable frames and then on the magnets, and the soft iron is
.alone revolved in the presence of the poles of the magnets,
:
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
1
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an apparatus combined or constructed
suitably for carrying out my Invention. a, a, is a frame, with four screws
b, b, horizontally, to adjust the upper surface and the parts carried thereby
correctly; c, c, is another upright or frame, which can rotate, or be fixed by a
screw and nut d'to the lower frame; e is a spirit level, to indicate when the
lower part of that frame is truly horizontal. This frame. has three uprights
c, c, d, fixed-thereto. The uprights c, c, are connected together at c', and at
the top, where they carry the axis of the shelf f. The other upright has
affixed to it the graduated scale g. The shelf consists of the side plate f, and
the two projecting ledges f, on which the iron bars to be tested are placed
and fixed by plates and screws f; which are fixed to the projections or ledges f
of the shelf f. A bar connects the two ledges f of the shelf, and it receives
the socket of the coils of wire h, which are retained in position on such bar
by the screws i, i. One end of each of the wires wound round the two
frames are connected at j; the other two ends of the wires are fixed to
binding screws ke, k', to which are also to be fixed the two ends of the wire of
a galvanometer. 7 is a grooved wheel, turned on its axis by a handle m; this
wheel, by a band n, gives motion to a pulley on an axis at o, on which axis is
fixed a piece of soft iron p, so arranged as to be revolved near to the ends
of the two bars of iron q, q. In using this apparatus, two bars of iron q, q,

page_text: are to be fixed, as shewn, to the shelff, f', and the shelf is to be moved on its
axis till the bars are brought into the magnetic meridian of the place, when
the axis of the shelf is to be fixed and a galvanometer attached, as above
described, when, by revolving the soft-iron-in-the-presence of the ends of the
bars of iron, the quantity of-electricity will be indicated by the galvanometer;
and by thus testing a series of iron bars, those which are more electric-may_be_
separated from those which are less so.
Figure 2 shows two frames of coils of wire to be used with a magnet when
obtaining electric currents; Figure 3 shows an apparatus with a magnet, and
with a magnet and revolving keeper. This part of the Invention consists of
employing frames of coiled wire, for the magnets used to slide freely into such
frames, in place of winding the wire on to the keeper or on to the magnet
itself. The wires thus coiled, or frames separate from the magnet and from
the keeper, are to be coupled up into a circuit in the usual manner.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to the
mechanical parts separately; but what I claim is, the combined apparatus
described in respect to Figure 1.
And, secondly, I claim the mode of arranging and applying coils of wires
to magnets to obtain currents of electricity, as described in respect to Figures
2 and 3.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Knight, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
JNO. ALCOCK.
RICHARD KNIGHT. (L.S.)