Improvements in Fire-grates applicable for Domestic Purposes, also for Furnaces.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date OT
Application, 14th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 14th Jan., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fire-grates applicable for Domestic Purposes,
also for Furnaces.
I, EDUARD GESSNER, of 60, Kröna, Brünn, Moravia, in the Empire of Austria,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement; -
The fire-grate which forms the object of the present invention is designed to
cause the products of combustion, (gases, smoke etc.) generated by the burning of
the fuel, to pass from above downwards through the burning mass and red not
grate, and thereby be completely consumed.
In this way a perfectly smokeless combustion is obtained, which is adapted in
the best possible manner to every kind of process of combustion, and which is
accompanied at the same time by the most economical use of the fuel.
By its means it is also made possible to reduce considerably the dimensions of
factory chimneys as the draught requisite for the combustion can be produced
either by exhausting or by jet blowers, and the smokeless gases led to a slight
elevation.
The accompanying drawings show the arrangement of the smokeless fire-grate
by a few examples;-thus.
Fig. 1 Shows the fire-grate as adapted for a living-room.
Fig. 2 ditto for a kitchen fire.
Fig. 3 ditto for a living-room fire-grate with open front.
Fig. 4 ditto for a steam generator fire-grate using damp fuel.
Fig. 5 ditto for a pit fire-place for logs of wood.
Whilst Figs. 6 to 9 show a fire-grate of the same kind combined with a draught-
producing or igniting fire that is
Fig. 6 & 7 ditto for an ordinary internal flue steam boiler.
Figs. 8 & 9 ditto for a living-room.
It should be observed that the fire-grates shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5 may be
also provided with a front grate corresponding to those shown in Figs. 6 to 9.
Generally in practice with living-room and kitchen fire-grates the simple
arrangement will suffice, but with steam boilers, smelting puddling and other
furnaces of that kind a front fire-grate will have to be applied.
The smokeless fire-grate Figs. 1-5 consists of a hot chamber a which unlike
other fire-grates hitherto in use, is not in direct communication with the flues s
but is separated from them by the grate r, which is spread over with fuel through
the furnace door h in which are the holes o.
The admission of air takes place through the holes o, just mentioned, in the
furnace door h, (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5) and also, for the fire-grates shown in Figs. 4 and 5,
through the grate 3 when such grate is attached. In addition to this, air pas-
sages may be provided in the side walls, suited to the proper amount of air
admission.
The air necessary for combustion passes from above downwards, through the
burning fuel and the red-hot grate and carries with it the products of combustion
which are thus burnt.

page_text: The ash produced and the liquid melted slag collects in the space g underneath
the grate, from which they can be removed by hand or by mechanical appliances.
In the smokeless fire-grate shown in Fig. 6 to 9 combined with a draught-
producing or igniting fire, there is a space a¹ in front, underneath the front part r
of the grate r, which is open to the front and closed on all the other sides.
The front opening of this space can, if required, be closed by a door t which
is provided with holes for admission of air (Fig. 8).
This arrangement makes it possible to conduct the air for combustion from
below upwards, through the front portion of the grate r and the burning fuel
lying upon it, and in this way to maintain a draught producing or igniting fire,
by which means a uniform ignition of the whole of the fuel in the furnace is
assured.
The products of combustion produced in the igniting space a² pass, along with
the products of combustion produced in the hot chamber a, through the layer of
fuel and the grate from above downwards into the flue s, by which passage
through the layer of fuel and the red-hot grater all smoke and gases are com-
pletely consumed.
Since in the smokeless fire-grate here described the grate and the grate-bars
are exposed to a very high degree of heat, it is advisable that these should be made
of fire-resisting material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A smokeless fire-grate, constructed with the flues s separated from the fuel
combustion chamber a by the grater on which the fuel is placed, so that the air
required for combustion passes from above downwards through the fuel and grate
causing the whole of the products of combustion (smoke, gases) to pass through
the burning layer of fuel and red hot grate, thereby promoting complete com-
bustion substantially as described.
2. A smokeless fire-grate of the kind specified in Claim 1, constructed with a
front part to the grate r, with an air space a' underneath, through which the
air to support combustion passes from below upwards through the part r of the
grate and the fuel lying upon it, in order to produce a draught or igniting fire,
which serves for the uniform ignition of the whole of the fuel and from which
the products of combustion as well as the products of combustion in the hot
chamber a pass through the burning material and the red-hot grate r to effect
the complete combustion of the gases, substantially as described.
3. A fire-grate constructed and arranged substantially as described and shown
with reference to either of the figs. of the drawings.
Dated this 9th day of November 1898.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Bank Street, Manchester, Patent Agents.