AN IMPROVED TILE STOVE WITH OUTER AND INNER HEAT RADIATING SURFACES
Year: 1886

page_text: Surfaces.
I JENS PEDER HELLES of the town of Estrup in the Kingdom of Denmark,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "AN IMPROVED TILE
STOVE WITH OUTER AND INNER HEAT RADIATING SURFACES" and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in tile stoves and has the object of more
effectually utilizing the heat produced by the fuel and radiated by the stove,
which object I attain by constructing tile stoves according to my invention,
with increased heat radiating surfaces in the manner described later on in this
specification.
It is a well known fact that in tile stoves such as have hitherto been in use, no
matter after what system they may have been constructed, a great amount of the
generated heat, as much as from 50 to 75 per cent, is lost or wasted for the reason
that it is not utilized by the stove but is carried into the chimney where it
disappears.
The principal reason why the greater part of the heat is thus wasted may
undoubtedly be found in the fact that tile stoves of old or present constructions are
not provided with a sufficient heat radiating surface, which drawback, combined¨
with the want of a sufficiently strong circulation of air, results in the afore-
mentioned disadvantages. The observation of these facts has been instrumental in
causing me to construct a tile stove provided with the double extent of heat
radiating surfaces, such surfaces being arranged in opposite directions, whereby
the double amount of the general heat is utilized and radiated by the stove.
This result is the more readily attained by allowing an energetic circulation of
air to pass along one of the heat radiating surfaces, which is done by constructing
the upper part of the stove in the form of two cylinders i.e. an inner and outer
cylinder and by conducting the products of combustion into the hollow space
formed by these two cylinders, by means of which arrangement the double extent
of heat radiating surfaces is produced, namely an outer and an inner surface.
The heat radiated by the inner surface is allowed to escape at the top of the
stove and the escape of the heat is facilitated by a strong air current which is
conducted through the hollow space or cylinder from which the heat is radiated,

page_text: In this manner a room or chamber provided with such a stove is heated in a
very short time and with about half the quantity of fuel that would be required
with a stove of any other construction-I desire it to be understood that this
construction can not only be applied to iron stoves, but also to stoves made of
other suitable material such as porcelain, Chamotte or any other kind of clay, as
also to stoves iron and porcelain or earthenware combined, which combination
I consider as the most suitable and the best for stoves of my construction, as iron
may be employed for the inner heat radiating surface, while porcelain or earthen-
ware may be used for the outer surface.
In the accompanying drawings my invention is embodied in an iron stove.
Figure 1 is a front view of the same
"
2 is a vertical section of Fig. 1 on the line A B..
,,
"
.
3 is a vertical section at a right angle to the section in Fig. 2, as indicated
by the lines C-D in fig. 1.
4 and 5 are horizontal sections on the lines E,-F and G-H in fig. 1.
6, 7, 8 and 9 are rings which are arranged' in the interior space of the
stove for the purpose of increasing the circulation of air.
The tile stove O, the exterior of which resembles an ordinary stove is placed on
the base and is provided at its lower part with a fire place f and fire-door D,
below which the ash-box a with door A is arranged.
A horizontal, grates is arranged on a level with the lowest edge of the fire place,
the sides and back wall being filled out with chamotte or some other suitable fire-
proof material-The hollow base or foot of the stove is provided with two
openings L which correspond with two channels or canals 1, (figures 2, 3 and 4)
said channels terminating in the hollow space K in the manner hereafter described
(fig. 3).
As before mentioned the stove forms two separate hollow spaces above the fire
place; by means of a hollow body arranged inside the actual stove or cylinder u,
which said hollow body i, is preferably of a conical form and is closed at the
bottom. This hollow body i which forms the space or chamber K is carried by
wrought iron discs or rails or in any other suitable manner, and is also supported
by the tubes ↳
In consequence of the aforementioned arrangement the products of combustion
pass from the fire place upwards into and through the hollow space between the
two cylinders u and i where the necessary amount of draught and the required
circulation of air is produced by means of the rings r, r³, rand, said rings being
arranged in the manner illustrated by fig. 2 where the direction m, in which the
products of combustion flow is indicated by arrows.
It is understood that the brick work encompassing the fire place must not extend
higher up than is necessary to enable the products of combustion to pass off into
the upper portion of the stove.
In order to obtain the most perfect combustion of the fuel in the fire place, the
opening in the back of the latter must not be larger than' is absolutely necessary,
and in order to facilitate the process, of combustion, smaller air canals may be
connected with the canals and be conducted into the upper part of the fire place
as well as into the lower part of the flue m, by means of which said smaller or
assiduary channels fresh forewarmed air is supplied to the fire place, thus still
further promoting a rational combustion.
The rings 1, 3, 7 and are provided at the upper part with eyes o to facilitate
their removal, and are all made of different breadth so as to correspond with the
decreasing circumference of. the cone i, which latter is provided with projecting
stops or ledges t¹, t, and t which are cast on to the said cone.
The said rings can therefore easily be removed at any time when the stove is to
be cleaned. The remaining portion of the products of combustion passes through
the tube R into the chimney, where it escapes-In place of the rings r³, 2, 3 to 4,
one or more coils or spirals could be arranged by suspending them by chains.
fastened, to the upper part of the stove and by means of which coils or spirals the
1

page_text: products of combustion could be made to pass any required number of times around
the hollow body or cylinder i previous to their passing off through the tube R.
In order to secure the circulation of the products of combustion through the
rings, the surface of the rings can be provided with plates standing in
an upright or inclined position, which said plates fill out the space between the
cylinders u and i, and are so placed that they prevent the smoke from passing
straight up through the openings in the rings, and whereby the said smoke is
compelled to describe, between each two rings a complete circle or three quarters.
of a circle or something approaching this, figure, around the inner stove or
cylinder i, according to the position given to the said plates.
The same result would also be obtained by attaching iron plates of a suitable
form to the lower side of the rings 78, 73 and -By means of an annular lid 75
with projecting flange the stove is closed at the top, said flanged lid fitting snugly
over the cylinders u and i-In order to ensure a perfectly tight fitting of the said
lid upon the cylinders u and i, the latter could be provided with a groove or
recess filled with same, into which said groove or recess suitable projecting ridges
or flanges of the lid could be made to fit.
As described in the foregoing part of this specification the products of combustion
pass on their way to the upper part of the stove between the cylinders and i,.
both of which serve as heat radiating surfaces. By means of the air supplied by
the tubes and the apertures L, the heat generated in the stove and radiated from
the space K, is quickly imparted to the room or chamber in which the stove is
placed. A smaller tube could also be conducted from one of the apertures L of the
stove, to the open air, by means of which arrangement fresh air could constantly
be supplied to the room, and in order to regulate the supply and circulation of the
air, the tubes as well as the aforementioned air-supply tube are preferably
provided with regulating valves.
I wish it particularly to be understood that my system of constructing stoves
which are at the upper part composed of two cylinders, i.e, an inner and an outer
cylinder, can also be applied to stoves of any other than round form. In like
manner only one aperture for admitting air may be used instead of two and the
tube or tubes may be arranged in the fire place in various manners, either at the
back or at the side or sides of the same or in any other appropriate manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In stoves constructed of tiles or any other suitable material and of any
Buitable form, the method of arranging and constructing the upper part of the said
stove or stoves in two parts, consisting of an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder
or. hollow body closed at the bottom and arranged within the former, between
which said two cylinders a hollow space is formed through which the products of
combustion have to pass on their way from the fire place to the upper part of the
stove, by means of which said arrangement two heat radiating surfaces are pro-
duced, and the emission or circulation of heat radiated from the interior of the
said stove or stoves by the employment of air supply tubes arranged at the foot of
the stove or stoves and leading up to and terminating in the interior hollow space
of the said stove or stoves, substantially as and for the purpose set forth in the
foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2. In iron stoves, or stoves constructed of iron or other suitable material, in the
latter case the interior part of the stove consisting of iron, constructed according
to the arrangement described in claim 1-the employment of projecting pieces or
stops in the interior of the hollow body i, the latter being of the form of a flattened
cone, upon which said projections the rings 71, 72, 7 and 7 are placed and which
can be removed or taken off when required; said rings being made of different
sizes and provided with openings or apertures by means of which the products of
combustion are compelled to describe a spiral on their passage to the upper part of

page_text: the stove, this result being ensured by either attaching suitable plates in upright
position to the three lowest rings filling out the intermediate space between the
cylinder u and the hollow part i, or by providing the three upper rings with
suitable suspended plates, or instead of using the rings 1, 2, 3, and 4, by
employing one or more spirals or coils suspended from the upper part.of the stove
and closely filling out the space between the walls of the outer cylinder u and the
inner hollow part i, thus forming the passage for the products of combustion on
their way to the chimney substantially as and for the purpose set forth in the
foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.