matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING STEAM AND OTHER VAPOURS, GASES, OR FLUIDS TO THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER, AND WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR A PUMP, OR GAS EXHAUSTER, OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSE
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Ingham, of Armley, in the County of York,
Tanner, and William Hinchliffe, of Armley, aforesaid, Mechanic, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING STEAM AND OTHER
VAPOURS, GASES, OR FLUIDS TO THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER, AND
WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR A PUMP, OR GAS EXHAUSTER, OR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSE."
Sealed the 17th May 1860, and dated the 2nd February 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Ingham and
William Hinchliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd February 1860.
We, WILLIAM INGHAM, of Armley, in the County of York, Tanner, and
WILLIAM HINCHLIFFE, of Armley, aforesaid, Mechanic, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING
STEAM AND OTHER VAPOURS, GASES, OR FLUIDS TO THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE
POWER, AND WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR A PUMP, OR GAS EXHAUSTER, OR OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
Within a hollow cylinder is placed a solid cylinder or roller of less diameter,
so that at one point the circumferences of the two cylinders shall touch. The

page_text: steam or other vapour, gas, or fluid is let into the space between the two
cylinders at one side of the point where they touch, and is allowed to escape
at the other side of that point. The steam or other vapour, gas, or fluid
drives a lever or piston which is attached to the inner cylinder, and the power
is generated by the revolution thus occasioned of the lever and the cylinder
to which it is attached; the outer cylinder is fixed. The lever or piston is
attached to the revolving cylinder in such a manner as to adapt its position
in revolving to the varying width of the space between the cylinders, and thus
to work steam-tight in that space. In cases in which the force of the vapour,
gas, or fluid consists of weight or pressure rather than force of expansion, the
Invention may be varied by making the cylinders concentric, and arranging
the admission and escape of the vapour, gas, or fluid at such points as will
secure the greatest amount of power.
Another variation of the Invention may be made by keeping the cylinder.
to which the lever or piston is attached stationary, and generating power by
the revolution of the other cylinder.
The apparatus above described may also be driven by extraneous power,
and used for the purpose of creating a vacuum by the revolution of the lever
or piston. It may thus be used as a pump, or gas exhauster, or for any similar
purpose in which a vacuum is required.
IMPROVED CYLINDERS FOR LAMINATING METALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
September 1860.-A communication from abroad by Eugène Louis
Robert, of No. 96, Rue de Bondy, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Mécanicien.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVED CYLINDERS
FOR LAMINATING METALS," communicated to me from abroad by Eugène Louis
Robert, of No. 96, Rue de Bondy, Paris, in the Empire of France, Mécanicien,
to be as follows:-
Attempts have been made to laminate sheet iron from iron laminated in
square channels or flutings, but the flatting was effected only in one direction
at a time, and this system of manufacture did not succeed because the welding
or soldering was imperfect. By this Invention it is proposed in every case to
laminate at once in the two directions, breadth and thickness (called forge and
counter forge), and for this purpose the channels or flutings will have the form
of a parallellogram, that is to say, of unequal diagonals. The dimensions of
these flutings or channels will be determined by the thickness and breadth of
the iron to be operated upon. These flutings will generally be so placed in
the cylinders that their greatest diagonal will be found parallel to the axis
of the cylinders; but this is not always the case, as this diagonal may be more

page_text: or less horizontally inclined as it may be desired to laminate more or less on the
sides. The amount of lamination or flatting is settled by the difference of the
diagonals, which is subordinate to various causes, such as the greater or lesser
ductibility of the iron to be worked, the quantity of the mass, or the motive
power at command.
A NEW MODE OF PREPARING DYES PRODUCED FROM ANILINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Beazley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1860.
I, GEORGE BEAZLEY, of 3, Highbury Park, South Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MODE OF PREPARING DYES PRODUCED FROM ANILINE," to be as follows:-
I take aniline or its analogues, and combine with it any suitable reagent
or reagents according to the color required to be produced, and treat them in
the ordinary manner to form a paste. I then dissolve the paste in alcohol.
This solution is allowed to settle and the sediment of the reagent or reagents
used in the preparation of the paste removed. Filtering or other suitable
paper is then immersed in this solution, in which it is allowed to remain for a
few minutes. The paper takes up or absorbs the dye, and when thoroughly
saturated it is taken out and dried. Paper thus prepared may be sent into
the market to be sold and used as ordinary dye, as the coloring matter in the
paper is easily extracted by the application of hot water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1860. A communication from abroad by Messieurs Keller & Co., of
Paris, Manufacturers.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS," (a communication to me from
abroad Messrs. Keller & Co., of Paris, Manufacturers,) to be as
follows:-
The principal feature of this Invention consists essentially in the construction
of a kind of travelling bag of which the sides are formed of a wooden frame,
and the bottom and exterior formed of one and the same piece, either doubled
or not on the inside, present the appearance of a plaid shawl or travelling
wrapper, doubled in several folds, and surrounded by a strap furnished with a
handle, by which the bag is carried.
This principle of construction is capable of extension and of a great number
of modifications, as will be readily understood, without deviating from the main
feature of the Invention.
This kind of bag can also be made with three or any other number of folds
or compartments, and may represent a cloak or other garment, and be covered
and formed (instead of woollen cloth) of linen, canvas, or any other woven
fabric, or of leather, waterproof, or otherwise, varnished or coated with india-

page_text: rubber, or of skin, morocco, American leather, leather cloth, india-rubber,
gutta percha, or of straw, rushes, or other vegetable matters, plaited or woven,
or even of silk, velvet, or other material.
The instrument case, for razors, scissors, and so forth, which may be fixed
on the lid or cover of the principal compartment, may also, with more
advantage, rest freely upon a rebate in the said compartment, so as to be easily
taken out and dispensed with to make room for other articles.
Finally, instead of making the straps of one piece, they can be divided in
two parts, and fixed evenly at their ends to the edges of the opening of the
bag, which will allow of the latter being opened without unbuckling or even
loosening the straps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON SHIPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ash at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1860.
I, JAMES ASH, of Blackwall, in the County of Middlesex, Naval Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of attaching the bulkheads in iron ships
to an inner frame or plate instead of to the ship's sides proper, as is now
done. For this purpose I connect an inner plate or skin by means of angle
irons, or otherwise, extending all round the ship from side to side, a space
being left between the plates and the sides of the ship, and I then carry the
bulkheads across from plate to plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, OR OF GIVING THE FINAL SHAPE TO THE BRIMS THEREOF
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor, Mark Taylor, and
George Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd March 1860.
We, JOHN TAYLOR, MARK TAYLOR, and GEORGE TAYLOR, of the Firm of
Taylor, Brothers, of Denton, in the County of Lancaster, Hat Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, OR OF GIVING THE FINAL SHAPE TO THE BRIMS
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
Instead of the usual method and appliances of wetting, moistening, or
softening the brims of hats with heated irons or similar means, we give the
final shape, set, or finish to hat brims by means of a frame made to the
required shape, either of metal, wood, composition, or any suitable metal or
material, softening the brim of the hat by a dry heat, and applying it to the
said frame or model whilst it is in a soft state, which system or process is
applicable to all kinds of stiffened hats, caps, or other coverings for the
head.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDLE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton. at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1860.-A communication from abroad by E. Biechy, of Colmar,
in the Empire of France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDLE," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the reining in of horses by
bringing an increased leverage to bear as the power exerted in pulling in the
animal is increased. To this end the bridle rein is connected to the bit cheeks
or irons at two points, one being at a level or a little below the line of the cross
bar, and the other at or near the lower extremity of the cheeks. The bridle
rein is connected to the upper points by the intervention of a band of vulcan-
ized india-rubber or other suitable elastic medium, and directly to the lower
extremity of the cheeks. The elastic band is, however, so applied that the
position of the rein (at either end thereof) will remain slack so long as the
elastic band is not brought to tension. For general use the bridle will there-
fore act like a common bridle, but when it is necessary to rein in a restive or
runaway horse, the extra exertion of the rider or driver will draw the slack
parts of the rein to tension (the elastic bands yielding for that purpose), and
thus the rein will pull with an increased leverage equal to the distance from
the upper to the lower point of connection between the rein and the bit cheeks
or irons.
A SOLID ALIMENTARY COMPOUND FOR MAKING SOUP, SEASONING MEATS, MADE DISHES, AND VEGETABLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maximilian Louis Joseph Chollet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1860.
I, MAXIMILIAN LOUIS JOSEPH CHOLLET, of No. 7, Rue Marbeuf, Paris, in
the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A SOLID ALIMENTARY COMPOUND FOR MAKING SOUP, SEASONING MEATS, MADE
DISHES, AND VEGETABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a certain alimentary compound made in a solidified
form, from which soups and other nutritive diet may be made in an economical
and expeditious manner without employing gelatine or fibrine. This compound
is made by mixing certain ingredients together, namely, wheat or other flour
with fatty substances, such as oil, beef fat, and other like substances. The
following kinds are used in preference to others, namely, butter, lard, mutton
fat, veal and beef fats. These substances, or one or any part or mixture of
them, are placed in a pan with a certain amount of flour and boiled together.
To make it more palatable some garlic, échalotte, or other like vegetable or
substance, may be added according to taste, to which may also be added salt,
pepper, and other like condiments. A compound thus made is passed through
a sieve in any suitable manner, and run into moulds, or it may be put in tin
or other metal boxes, and hermetically sealed when required for long preser-
vation. The chief object of the Invention is to form a cheap and nourishing
food from materials generally thrown away, and without the use of flesh meat

page_text: otherwise than the fat thereof, also to make it in such a form that a soup or
other nutritious diet may be expeditiously made by the aid of boiling water.
This compound may also be used for seasoning meats, made dishes, and
vegetables, by adding a little according to the flavour desired.
AN IMPROVED SCALING LADDER FOR MILATARY, NAVAL, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Cox Barton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1860.
I, NATHANIEL Cox BARTON, of Her Majesty's Ship Himalaya, a Lieutenant
in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SCALING LADDER FOR MILATARY, NAVAL, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
description thereof hereunder written, as containing a full description of my
said Invention.
In the Drawing No. 1 the step of the ladder is proposed to be made of
wood, but it may be made of iron. Its advantages as adapted to milatary and
naval purposes in scaling walls, embankments, and fortifications, and crossing
moats, ditches, streams, and rivers, over those at present used for those
purposes are its being light, more portable, and ready for erection and
scaling.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING No. 1.
A round spar (Figure I.), 12 feet long, is cut down in the centre, and
diagonally across on alternate sides, sixteen inches from the ends, dividing the
spar as in Figure II. The small part of the spar is grooved out in the centre
in steps, as in Figure III., for the cross pieces of the ladder to rest on.
These cross pieces work on strong iron pins driven through the uprights, and

page_text: like wedges, as in Figure IV. The ladder has one small and one large end
alternately to each up and down. A piece is cut out of the large end
10 inches deep on the outside, equal in size to the small ends. Iron bands
are shrunk on the remaining part, forming a socket for the small end of
another similar ladder to fit into, as in Figure V. In joining ladders together
(there being a large and small end on each extremity of the ladders), the
small end of the lower ladder fits into the socket in the large end of the upper
one, and vice versa, as in Figure VI. These ladders are made of beech or
any other kind of wood. A stout iron bolt shoots through holes drilled
through all four parts at the joinings, with a forelock to prevent the ladder
closing up after having been joined. This bolt may also be used at the upper
and lower ends of a ladder to give it more strength when used singly.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING No. 2.
Ladder No. 2 differs from No. 1, insomuch that it is double the breadth of
No. 1, and the steps are still only the same distance apart. This is effected
by-having-the-spar grooved the whole length instead of in steps, and the iron
cross pieces fitted with a binge and collar in the centre. -Length, 12 feet;
breadth, 3 feet; distance between the steps, 18 inches, joined together, as
shewn in Drawing.
The description of Drawing No. 1 refers to the ladder proposed to be made
with wooden steps. Drawing No. 11 refers to one fitted with iron steps,
and the latter possesses the advantage of giving greater breadth to the
ladder.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANSING AND PEELING GRAIN AND SEEDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Delamare at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th September 1860.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DELAMARE, of 14, Clarence Place, Hackney Road, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANSING AND PEELING GRAIN AND
SEEDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a machine in which an inclined cylinder revolves
within a fixed casing or corresponding shaft, to the inside surface of which
brushes are attached, which, on the grain and seeds being thrown against
them, effect the cleaning and pealing operation. The cylinder has a rough
surface or covering, or is suitably arranged for carrying the grain with it in its
revolution. Towards one end a portion of the casing is composed of wire
cloth.
AN IMPROVED PLUG FOR BOATS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Primerose Ioward
Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th November 1860.
I, EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, of No. 15, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PLUG FOR
BOATS," to be as follows:-
The plug is formed of two portions, the outer part consisting of a short
cylindrical tube, the upper part of the interior of which has a collar fitted or
formed therein, such collar having a slot passing through the same for the
admission of the stud herein-after mentioned. The tubo is furnished at the
upper part thereof with a bevilled seating, and with a flange or plate for the
purpose of fixing the tube in the bottom of the boat. The other portion
of this contrivance, and which constitutes the moveable plug, herein-after
mentioned, consists of a cylindrical piece of metal or other material fitting into
the before-mentioned internal collar, and being provided with a stud or pro-
jection on the lower part thereof. The upper part of the moveable plug is
formed with a bevilled lip or shoulder fitting accurately into the before-
mentioned bevilled seating in the tube. The moveable plug is put in position
by passing the stud through the slot in the internal collar, and then turning it
under the same in the same manner as a bayonet joint is operated. At the
top of the moveable plug is placed a knob, ring, shackle, or chain, or other

page_text: contrivance for actuating the moveable plug, which is also secured by a chain,
the whole arrangement forming a permanent fitting in the boat.
The plug may, if desired, be reversed in position, in which case the water
will press the moveable plug upwards against the bevilled seating, thus giving
additional security against leakage. When thus constructed the knob, ring,
shackle, or chain, or other contrivance is attached to that part of the moveable
plug which is upwards, the moveable plug being actuated from the inside of
the boat.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO FLUSHING PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moule at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1860.
I, JOHN MOULE, of No. 15, Seabright Place, Hackney Road, in the County
of Middlesex, (Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for AN IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO FLUSHING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of an improved apparatus applicable to flushing purposes
relates to the means of allowing water or other liquids to gradually accumulate
in reservoirs, cisterns, or other similar vessels to any given height, and allow.
the same to be discharged by self-acting floats and valves, and in such a way
that the outlet shall be closed as soon as the liquids have escaped. To effect
this object, I make use of a pulley wheel, or instead thereof a lever supported.
by a pillar in the centre (similar to a scale beam) from the bottom of the
reservoir or cistern, or in some other convenient way suitable for the purpose..
To one end of this lever I conneet a float, which is attached to a clack or
other valve at the bottom of the reservoir or cistern. This float should be of
sufficient weight and size, that when acted on by an accumulated height of
water, shall have buoyancy enough to lift the valve attached to the bottom,
of the reservoir or cistern. To keep this valve open, and allow the whole of
the contents to escape, I make use of a floating bucket, which when empty
is lighter than the float, such bucket being provided with a small hole at the
bottom, and is attached to the lever, and placed at the opposite end to where

page_text: the float is connected.
The effect of the bucket is this, that when the water
is sufficiently high in the reservoir or cistern to cause the float and valve to
rise, the bucket is at the same time filled with the liquid, thereby becoming of
greater weight than the float, by which means the float and valve are kept up
till the whole contents of the reservoir or cistern are discharged, by which
time the bucket will have emptied itself through the opening at the bottom,
and becoming again lighter than the float allows the valve to close.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING FLUIDS OR. SUBSTANCES BY ELECTRO-MAGNETISM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel John Holmes and
James Cordon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th January 1860.
We, NATHANIEL JOHN HOLMES, Gentleman, of Hampstead, County Mid-
dlesex, and Glasgow, County Lanark, Scotland, and JAMES CORDON, Gentle-
man, of Stoke-upon-Trent, County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING FLUIDS OR.
SUBSTANCES BY ELECTRO-MAGNETISM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of separating iron or
other magnetic substances from liquids or other materials by the power of
electro-magnetism, and especially in its application to the purification of slip.
and other potter's materials. The nature of this improved method will be
understood to be as follows:-The slip liquid flint clays or other materials,
when in.a proper fluid state, are passed through a narrow trough or closed
box, into the interior of which a series of electro-magnet poles are placed,
whereby the slip, in its passage through the box or trough, is brought suc-
cessively into contact with each of these electro-magnetic poles, and the par-
ticles of iron, nickel, or other magnetic substances incorporated in the mass are
withdrawn by adherence to the electro-magnets. The number of these electro-
magnets are proportioned to the nature of the substance or fluid operated
upon. Upon the electric current being withdrawn from the electro-magnets,
the particles in adherence are released and fall away, the machine being thus

page_text: readily cleansed for future operations. Having now described the nature of
our said improvement, what we especially wish to claim is, the application of
electro-magnetism to the purification of slip & other potter's materials from
iron and other magnetic impurities they may contain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitehead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1860.
1, JOHN WHITEHEAD, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of die or
moulding orifice employed in expressing machines for moulding or shaping
clay or other plastic material of a similar nature, whereby the passage of the
exuding clay through the die is greatly facilitated, and the surfaces rendered
more smooth, and a higher finish imparted to them than has hitherto been
obtained by the ordinary dies employed in expressing machines.
According to this Invention it is proposed to apply to the inner sides of the
die, next the clay or other plastic material, a lining of some slippery or
lubricating substance.
In carrying out this Invention I have found it advantageous to form the
sides of the die of an angled, recessed, corrugated, or otherwise uneven surface,
so that the lubricating substance, which should be of a stiff nature, may be
better held or retained in its place; and before applying such lining I have-
also found it advantageous to beat the die, whereby the adhesion thereto of the
Jubricating substance is greatly facilitated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ambler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1860.
I, JOSEPH AMBLER, of Little Horton, in the Parish and Borough of
Bradford, and County of York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as.
follows:-
This Invention consists of certain new mechanical arrangements designed
for taking any number of picks from either side of a loom, so as to operate.
upon one or other of the shuttles in the shuttle boxes as may be desired, and
further of mechanical arrangements for operating upon the weft fork of the
loom, and likewise for skipping one shuttle in the shuttle box when any par-
ticular color of weft is not required to be introduced in the pattern to be
woven.
The means by which I propose to effect these improvements are
follows: First, as regards the mechanism above mentioned for taking any
number of picks. It is composed of a sliding cone attached to a lever fixed
to the side of the loom, said comb being raised by the crank of the loom
shaft, and lowered by means of a cord or wire in connection with a jacquard
or other pattern machine, the use of said cone being to allow the picking
tappit to operate at the proper time from either side of the loom, by which
any number of picks can be taken from either side. The mechanism for
operating upon the weft fork consists of a jointed lever connected by a cord

page_text: or wire with a jacquard or other pattern machine. There is also another
jointed lever fixed to the hind rail of the loom, and attached to the other
end of this lever is an upright rod, working through a socket or boss fixed to
the side of the loom, and at the top of said rod there is a fork to take the
weft out of the way of the ordinary weft fork. This last-mentioned lever is
also operated upon by a jacquard or other machine, to which it is con-
nected by a cord or wire. The mechanism which I propose to employ for
skipping a shuttle in rotary shuttle boxes, consists of a double excentric for
that purpose.
THE SINGEING OF THE HAIRS OFF PIGS AFTER BEING KILLED, WITHOUT LETTING THE FLAMES OR SMOKE FROM THE FIRES COME IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE PIG
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Robinson and
Joseph Robinson, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th December 1860.
We, CHARLES WILLIAM ROBINSON and JOSEPHI ROBINSON, junior, of
Mount Kennett, in the City of the County of Limerick, Ireland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE SINGEING OF THE HAIRS
OFF PIGS AFTER BEING KILLED, WITHOUT LETTING THE FLAMES OR SMOKE FROM THE
FIRES COME IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE PIG," to be as follows, viz. :—
It is an oven composed of sheet iron, with an arched flame bed underneath
made of fire brick, which is for the purpose of preventing too great a heat
from operating on the bottom of the oven. There are flues from the flame
bed conducted all round the oven so as not to let any of the heat escape
without profit; there are two furnaces, one at each end of the flame bed.
When the oven is sufficiently hot the pig is introduced (hanging by the two
hind legs from a chain attached to a hook, and which hook travels on a round
bar that runs through the oven close to the top of it) by means of a chain
from a small windlass running close along the bar to which the pig is
attached. When the pig is in the oven the doors at each end of it are closed,
and she is allowed to remain there until she is sufficiently scorched to allow
of the hairs and other superfluous matters on the carcase to be easily cleaned
away; she is then hauled out at the opposite end by means of the same chain
that hauled her in. In this oven any number of pigs can be singed according
to its size.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CLOCKS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Aitken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1860.
I, JOHN AITKEN, of Dalry, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Clock
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CLOCKS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of clocks or
time-keepers, and it is more particularly adapted for turret or other clocks
where the necessary depth or amount of space for the length of the pendulum
cannot be conveniently obtained. It happens not unfrequently in churches
and other public buildings that the architectural arrangement of the spire,
tower, or other part where it would be desirable to place a clock, will not
admit of the necessary space below the clock for the movement of a
pendulum of sufficient length. Also in ordinary eight-day time-keepers, the
convenience of being enabled to reduce the length of the case is of much
importance. According to this Invention the back fork or crutch, which
imparts momentum to the pendulum, is fitted on the pallet arbor with the
crutch extending upwards or in a direction reversed to which it has been
hitherto employed. The crutch is prolonged beyond the pallet arbor in a
downward direction to serve as a counterpoise weight, keeping the upper part
in a vertical or balanced position, and so that it will not fall over either to the

page_text: right or left until acted upon by another force. The point of suspension of the
pendulum is raised at least the length of the upper part of the crutch above
the crutch, and consequently places the point of suspension at least twice the
length of the crutch higher than in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS-PIPE TONGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Banks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1860.
I, THOMAS BANKS, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS-PIPE TONGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of gas-pipe tongs, whereby
they may be readily adjusted to grip various sized pipes, tubes, rods, or bolts.
According to this Invention it is proposed to make the claw adjustable on the
handle of the tongs by connecting it by means of a pin joint to a boss having
an internal screw thread tapped therein, and fitting on to a screw thread on the
handle near the end thereof. The end of the handles is formed with a ser-
rated head, which in combination with the claw constitutes the gripping or
holding portion of the tongs. It is thus obvious, that by adjusting the claw
nearer to or further from the end of the handle by the aid of the screwed parts
above referred to, the tongs may be adapted to various sized tubes, pipes, rods,
or bolts, or if used as a spanner to different sized nuts.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE FRICTIONAL SURFACES OF MACHINERY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kunstmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1860. A communication from abroad by Thomas Rominger,
Manager, at Hof, Bavaria.
I, ROBERT KUNSTMANN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE FRICTIONAL SURFACES OF MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
My improved apparatus for lubricating the bearings of shafts, and other
frictional surfaces, consists in a vessel or chamber for containing the lubricant,
furnished with a small interior tube projecting through such vessel in the
direction of the surface to be lubricated. Within this tube is placed a
filamentous conductor or wick, one end being immersed in the oil or other
lubricant in the vessel, and the other end projecting from the lower extremity
of the tube, so that by capillary attraction the lubricant is conveyed from the
vessel to the projecting end of the wick, which supplies the surface or bearing
requiring lubrication.
The improvement further consists in the regulation of the supply of the
lubricant, which is effected by the compression of the said capillary conductor
or wick by introducing extra wicks, or compressing wicks into the same tube
of about its own length, so that the flow of the lubricating material may be

page_text: hastened or retarded, according to the density or compression of the conductor
or wick, and regulated by the addition or removal of a certain number of the
fibres of the compressing wick, according to the amount of lubricant required
to be emitted and supplied within a certain time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING CORKS AND BUNGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eliza Cutcliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents; with her Petition, on the 25th August
1860. A communication from her late brother Henry Vaughan, of 2,
Gray's Inn Square, London.
I, ELIZA CUTCLIFFE, of Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Executrix
to my late brother Henry Vaughan, of 2, Gray's Inn Square, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING CORKS AND BUNGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting
corks and bungs. For these purposes it is preferred that the machinery should
be arranged for working with four sets of apparatus for receiving four pieces
or blanks or squares of corkwood to be cut into four corks or bungs by the
same rotating knife, but if desired, machines may be arranged to work with
other numbers of apparatus.
The several apparatus used in a machine are set at equal distances apart,
and it is preferred that the holding parts of the apparatus in each case should
be arranged to receive in succession different sizes of pieces or blanks or
squares of corkwood, and yet in each case to hold or centre the same, so that
the largest size of cork or bung which the piece or blank or square of cork-
wood will admit of shall be cut out therefrom. And in order to obtain.
rotatory motion to the several apparatus by which the pieces or blanks or
squares of corkwood are held, the axis in each apparatus is put into connection
or gear with a piston rod, which at the proper time is put into motion by the

page_text: pressure of water which is allowed to flow into the cylinder or vessel in which
the piston works. Provision is made for allowing the water to flow into the
particular cylinder or vessel as soon as a piece or blank or square of corkwood
has been introduced into the machine and brought into position to be cut by
the knife which is kept constantly rotating; and further, provision is made for
shutting off the supply of water from the cylinder or vessel, and for running
off that which has acted on the piston when the piece or blank or square of
cork wood has been cut into a cork or bung.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SPINNING MACHINERY COMMONLY CALLED SELF-ACTING MULES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Threlfall, of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE SPINNING MACHINERY COMMONLY CALLED SELF-ACTING MULES."
Sealed the 10th August 1860, and dated the 1st June 1860.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1860.
I, RICHARD THRELFALL, of Bolton, in the County of Laneaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE SPINNING MACHINERY COMMONLY CALLED SELF-ACTING MULES," to be
as follows:-
Firstly, in the application to the said self-acting spinning mules of a separate
assistant putting-up driving strap, applied to a fast and loose pulley operating
upon the long drawing-out back shaft, with the ordinary motions and mecha-
nism for causing the said strap to move off the loose pulley, and to traverse
on the fast pulley during the putting-up or taking-in of the carriage and
spindles, whereby the strain upon the differential and main putting-up scroll
band or bands during the time requisite for the putting-up or taking-in of such
carriage and spindles is diminished, and finally, the strap is brought back

page_text: again upon the loose pulley during the time the mule carriage and spindles
are coming out and spinning.
Secondly, in the application of a separate winding-on strap, with its usual
motions and arrangements of mechanism, whereby the strain upon the winding-
on chain is diminished, and the yarn more easily wound on the spindles during
the putting-up or taking-in of the carriage and spindles. The way I effect
this is by putting an additional and separate fast and loose pulley upon the
main driving shaft on the headstock, and by causing this separate winding-on
strap to traverse so far off the loose pulley and on to the fast pulley as to aid
in turning the spindles whilst winding the yarn on them, the necessary speed
being governed by the winding-on chain as ordinarily used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF PROPELLING WHEELS FOR SHIPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Schön at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1860.
I, CARL SCHÖN, of Minden, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF PROPELLING WHEELS FOR SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improvement in machinery for navigating of
ships by a peculiar encasement of a wheel under water, which in turning is
propelling the ship, and in constructing the wheel in such manner that the
centrifugal power may take effect, whereby the moving power is considerably
increased.
The means by which this Invention is carried into effect are the follow-
ing: A paddle wheel is enclosed in a cylindrical encasement open to the
extent of its whole length, of about one-sixth part of its periphery and both
ends of which cylindrical encasement have apertures. The whole machinery is
fixed to the aft of the vessel and is connected with and is put in motion
by the steam engine. The lower part of the cylindrical encasement will be
nearly at a level with the keel of the vessel, the open part of the cylindrical
encasement being reverse to the vessel itself. At each end of the encasement
a box is attached open towards the fore-part of the vessel, and by these
openings and the above mentioned apertures the water passes in and out of
the cylindrical encasement. As soon as the wheel is set in motion the paddles
will exercise a pressure on the water at the open part of the encasement, the

page_text: resistance made by the water will propel the vessel, at the same time the water
inside the cylindrical encasement will circulate and will assist in pressing the
paddles forward to the open part of the encasement by force of the centrifugal
power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS MADE ON WARP MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Greaves Robarts at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd October 1860.
I, WILLIAM GREAVES ROBARTS, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Warper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS
MADE ON WARP MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, in the first place, in the use or employment of crank
guides in warp machines for the working up of india-rubber or other suitable
material into the fabrics I produce; and, secondly, in taking out every second
or third needle, and substituting in place thereof a needle or needles made of a
different guage or guages, according to the nature or description of the work
required. By these means I am enabled to produce both elastic fabrics, and
also fabrics in great variety on the warp machine, which hitherto have not
been known or produced in the warp trade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARM BATHS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richmond Shirtcliffe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th November 1860.
I, WILLIAM RICHMOND SHIRTCLIFFE, of Spring Lane, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARM BATHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates mainly to a peculiar construction of burner or heating
appliance for the evaporation or heating of liquids in baths; this principal
feature consists of a portable double cylinder or two concentric tubes enclosing
two small vertical pipes in the concentric space between them; the outer
cylinder is closed at the bottom, and the space between the two cylinders
closed at the top. The inner is not as long as the outer cylinder, the inner
cylinder terminating a sufficient distance from the bottom to admit of a small
perforated horizontal pipe being placed across to connect the two vertical pipes
in the concentric space between the cylinders; these pipes do not reach within
a quarter of an inch of the top or connection between the two cylinders. The
heat generated by the combustion of suitable material in the burner or heating
apparatus is applied to a bath with the under side formed so that the heat
may readily act upon the water contained in it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th May 1860.-A communication from abroad by Joseph Humbert-
jean and Charles Matthey, of Bésançon, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," communicated to me from abroad by Joseph
Humbertjean and Charles Matthey, of Bésançon, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
It is proposed to place beneath the breech of the barrel of a gun a spiral
spring turning round a bolt, one end of which bolt when the barrel is closed
extends beyond the breech of the barrel towards towards the butt end of the
gun, and rests against the upper arm of a tumbler, the lower arm of which
forms a trigger. By pressing upon this trigger the upper arm of the tumbler
will
I press against the head of the bolt, which compressing the spiral, advances
until it has passed the point where the breech of the barrel joins the stock of
the gun, when the barrel rises, and the cartridge may be inserted. On
pressing down the breech of the barrel the bolt descends with it until its head
passing the bottom of the plate against which the breech end of the barrel
rests, the spring forces it back to its original position, thereby strongly securing
the breech of the barrel against the stock. It is proposed to adapt this
arrangement (with slight modifications) to every description of fire-arm..
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL DAMASK LOOM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jozé Luis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1860. A communication from abroad by Philippe Joseph Galvaire, of
Arras, Pas de Calais, in the Empire of France.
I, JOZE LUIS, of the British & Foreign Office for Patents, No. 1B;
Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MECHANICAL DAMASK LOOM," & that it has been communicated to me from
abroad by Philippe Joseph Galvaire, of Arras, Pas de Calais, in the Empire
of France, to be as follows:-
This new mechanical damask loom is intended to figure mechanically on all
tissues, branches, flowers, bunches of flowers, and other designs detached, or
even neaely continued, of all sizes, and in all shades. By its means the work-
man is not required to warp or disjoint the shuttles in order to vary the colours.
The cutting out is also unnecessary. It can be made of wood, iron, or copper,.
and consists,
1st, of a frame in which the shuttle boxes, the drives, and the shuttles.
themselves are placed.
2nd, of a cogged lever and crank, for the purpose of raising the dampers ;. a.
spring facilitates this movement.
3d, of dampers, which cause the shuttles to enter their boxes.and hold them.
there.
4th, of boxes in which the shuttles are placed, the number of boxes may

page_text: vary according to the size of the tissue. Each box is divided in compartments
according to the number of shuttles to be employed.
5th, of drivers, serving to propel the shuttles.
6th, of a board which keeps the threads asunder. The frame rises by means
of a picker or rolls.
A BRICK AND TILE MACHINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Church at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1860.
I, JOHN CHURCH, of Boxworth, in the County of Cambridge, Brick and
Tile Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
BRICK AND TILE MACHINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of two square boxes of iron supported on proper
standard, connected together by pieces of timber; on either side in the interior
of each there is a piston, which are connected or joined together by a con-
necting beam; the pistons are set in motion by a crank and shaft and vertical
iron standard, supported by upright posts on both sides of the machine, the
vertical iron standard being connected with the moving power either of horse
or steam. The crank shaft is connected to the beam against either one or
both of the pistons; the crank having a horizontal circular motion works the
pistons backward and forward. The clay is inserted in the boxes by means of
a lid on the top, and is pressed out through a mould placed at the ends in the
form of bricks or tiles.