matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Robbins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, RICHARD ROBBINS, of Dunchurch, in the County of Warwick,
Corn Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER
GRAIN" to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements consist, firstly, in making the cases or covers of
mill stones of wicker or basket work; secondly, in a mode of con-
ducting the meal from the stones to the troughs by means of a series of
hoppers occupying the space between the stones & the case, whereby
the meal has free fall, & is conducted into the spouts without being
carried round the stones; consequently, there is no lodgment or waste
of meal, as is the case by the system at present in use of conveying the
meal round the stones & down one spout.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO EVAPORATION AND DISTILLA- TION
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Palin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOSEPH PALIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Whole-
sale Druggist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO EVAPORATION AND DISTILLA-
TION" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the employment of one or more chambers
or vessels, in which a vacuum is formed by the admission and subse-
quent condensation of steam, such vessel being separated from that in
which the substance to be treated is placed, by means of cocks or valves
capable of being opened, so as to afford a communication therewith,
after the vacuum or partial vacuum has been obtained. An operation
carried on upon the above principle may be illustrated by the follow-
ing example-Suppose a spirituous liquor is required to be distilled,
the material is placed in a close vessel capable of being heated, and
connected to an ordinary refrigerator terminating in a closed chamber
for receiving the product. Steam is admitted to the separate vessel

page_text: or vessels constituting my improvement, and allowed to condense, by
which a partial vacuum will be formed. If now the communication
with the worm, and consequently with the vessel containing the material
to be treated, be opened, the air will rush therefrom to supply the
vacuum formed, and will necessarily become rarified, and by repeating
(if desired) this operation, a vacuum or a partial vacuum may be
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND REELING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Fletcher Cottam.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th November 1853.
I, SAMUEL FLETCHER COTTAM, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND REELING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES " to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in a new combination of parts for
producing the winding on motion of self-acting mules. To the carriage
square is attached the fulcrum stud of the radial arm, and to the
framing of the headstock is attached the fulcrum of a vibrating lever
to which the outer end of the radial arm is jointed. When the
carriage is out the vibrating lever and radial arm are vertical or nearly
so, but when the carriage is in, the vibrating lever is at an angle, and
the radial arm is nearly horizontal. The winding on chain being
attached in the usual manner to a nut on the screw of the radial
arm is let off more or less as required, according to the position of the
nut, and the varying angles produced in the radial arm when the
carriage is going in.

page_text: Secondly, in a new combination of parts for altering the position of
the nut on the screw of the radial arm, consisting of a friction box on a
shaft put in motion by the shaft of the winding on barrel. The sliding
part of this friction box is on a key, and the loose part of the friction
box is connected by gearing to the screw of the radial arm. When
the yarn is too tight, the friction box is brought into action by a lever
in connection with the fallers, thereby working the nut up the screw
of the radial arm until the cop bottom is completed.
Thirdly, in an improved combination of parts for doubling or twisting
and reeling yarn or thread. This improvement consists in fixing two
or more skewers in a disk supported on an upright spindle. The cops
of yarn to be doubled or twisted are put on the skewers, and after
being carried through a guide, pass between a pair of rollers, and thence
to the reel. On giving motion to the various parts, the yarn is drawn
off the cops by the rollers, doubled by the revolving of the spindles and
wound on the reel.
BRACE ENDS, BEING A NEW SUSPENDER FOR TROWSERS, BREECHES, AND DRAWERS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simpson Goy Pape at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, SIMPSON GOY PAPE, 34, Gloucester Crescent, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "BRACE ENDS, BEING A NEW SUSPENDER FOR TROWSERS, BREECHES,
AND DRAWERS," to be as follows:-
Instead of the brace buttons being affixed to the trowsers or breeches,
as heretofore, they are affixed to the brace ends, so that the trowsers or
breeches and drawers may at the same time be attached by either
button holes, eyes, or loops. This principle applies to either button,
stud, hook, or any other form which can be used to support any button
hole, eye, or loop.
Fig. 1, shews the new suspender made with button or stud; (a) being
side view, and (b) the front view.
Fig. 2, shews the new suspender made with hook; (a) being side
view, and (b) front view
The brace buttons on all trowsers are superseded, and the incon-

page_text: venience of them on washing trowsers removed; the drawers and
trowsers are both supported at the same time; all bands to keep up the
drawers are unnecessary; and both trowsers and drawers can be made
on an improved principle for greater comfort to the wearer.
ORNAMENTING OR PRODUCING PICTURES ON JAPANNED GOODS, PANNELS, CANVAS, OR OTHER MATERIAL, WHEREBY A VAST AMOUNT OF ARTISTIC SKILL AND LABOUR IS SUPERSEDED
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gideon Morley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1853.
I, GIDEON MORLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "ORNAMENTING OR
PRODUCING PICTURES ON JAPANNED GOODS, PANNELS, CANVAS, OR OTHER
MATERIAL, WHEREBY A VAST AMOUNT OF ARTISTIC SKILL AND LABOUR IS
SUPERSEDED," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in first painting a sky or back ground suitable
for the subject intended to be produced; and next I print in outline
(on paper) from a copper or other plate my intended subject in a suit-
able colour, the same to be transferred on or below the sky or back
ground before mentioned.
I next paint the shadows and other parts of such outline pictures
with transparent or suitable colours, when I again have recourse to the
process of printing and transferring, using the same colour as employed
in the first printing, but the detail of the subject in this case must be

page_text: fully defined; I then use the body colours and high lights in suitable
places for giving effect.
Thus producing apparently a well finished painting with very little
artistic skill, or the labour of drawing the subject of which it is com-
posed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO PLOUGHS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1853.
I, JOSEPH MOORE, of the City of Lincoln, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR
ADDITION TO PLOUGHS" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of two distinct parts.
As it respects the first improvement, I propose to introduce into the
construction of the plough, a wheel or drum of iron or wood, made
and attached to the plough, of a suitable diameter, and of a width or
breadth equal, or nearly equal, to the width of the share, to run or
travel immediately behind the share, and to serve as a substitute for
the sole now in use. And, secondly, I propose to fix to the beam of
the plough a wheel or drum, similar to the one above described, having
on the outer circumference iron spikes or teeth, varying in length, as
may be required, regard being had to the character of the soil to be

page_text: worked and the size of the wheel; such wheel or drum to be arranged
so as to run in the furrow previously made and lying next to the furrow
in the course of being made. And I do not restrict myself to any
exact position of the wheel or drum as part of the ploughing apparatus,
nor to any particular mode of attaching, detaching, or shifting it, for
which, in the manufacture, appropriate provision will be made; this
part of my Invention being the combination of the wheel or drum,
before described, with the plough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE RAISING, MOVING, AND BREAKING UP OF SUNKEN VESSELS, AND OTHER SUBMERGED SUB- STANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: his Petition, on the 29th June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, PIERRE AMABLE DE SAINT SIMON SICARD, of Paris, in the French
Empire, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE RAISING, MOVING,
AND BREAKING UP OF SUNKEN VESSELS, AND OTHER SUBMERGED SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in connecting chains or
cables to submerged bodies by means of screws, which when sunk
below the water are caused to penetrate the substance by having
motion communicated to them from the surface.
In order to cut submerged bodies, a rotatory cutter is used, to which
motion is communicated from the surface so as to facilitate the passage
of chains under such bodies, and also for the lodging of charges of
gunpowder in such bodies for the purpose of destroying them.

page_text: When raising submerged bodies, it is done by passing cables or
chains under such bodies, and by connecting such chain or cable to a
screw which is forced partly under the body by the turning of a nut,
which is operated on from the surface, and the screw is then taken and
drawn completely under by another revolving nut into which the screw
enters.
The floating platforms from which the instruments above described
are to be used move on centres so as to obtain the steadiness necessary
for using the instruments..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COVERED BUTTONS MADE BY DIES AND PRESSURE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelius Alfred Jaquin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th May 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, CORNELIUS ALFRED JAQUIN, of 40, Monkwell Street, in the City of
London, Button Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COVERED BUTTONS
MADE BY DIES AND PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
The improvement is the application of a textile or woven fabric of
linen, cotton, silk, or other material, and also leather and parchment,
made upon the surface impervious to water, or greatly so, and yet
flexible, to be worked by button machinery, through which improvement
the color and texture of the buttons are preserved from damage by wet
or moisture.
What I claim is the application of such top covers to buttons made
by dies and pressure as have the above scientific character of being im-
pervious to water, and preventing injury by wet or damp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING AND STEERING VESSELS, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED THEREIN
Year: 1853

page_text: (This Invention did not proceed to the Great Seal.)
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of High Street, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING AND STEERING VESSELS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in steering consist, in the first place,
in the application of steam or other power for that purpose, in lieu of
hand power, as hitherto practised; also to the apparatus by which such
power is communicated.
My improvements are also applicable for steering by hand power.
In order to give effect to the motive power, the steersman directs
and throws it into action by suitable communication with the engines
or boiler used to impel the ship; or it may be by the aid of an auxiliary
engine, or other prime mover. In some cases the direct force of steam
may be applied for the purposes of steering through the medium of a
cylinder or pressure chamber, whose means of transmitting power
is placed in communication with the tiller, or other instrument to move
the rudder.

page_text: Instead of the direct force of steam, water or other fluid may bc
employed, which is maintained under pressure, and which I cause
to act in a cylinder or pressure chamber in suitable communication
with the rudder, to transmit power thereto. The water is constantly
kept under pressure by the engine or other motive power, and the
steersman has simply to direct the force of the water in its action
on the rudder.
I also employ the forgo of water, or other fluid, under pressure,
actuated by hand power, as a means of steering ships. The steersman
forces the water into a cylinder or chamber, having suitable means of
transmitting such pressure, which is brought to bear upon the rudder.
Hand power may be applied to keeping up the pressure of the fluid,
independent of the steersman, who may simply direct such power as
required.
My improvements in propelling consist in forming the central portion
(say about one-half diameter, more or less) of screw propellers of such
a rake or pitch that it possesses no propelling effect when the vessel is
going at a maximum speed, the rake or angle being just equal to the
rate at which that part of the propeller is passing through the water,
while the blades near the circumference are of such a rake as to give
the required propelling surface. As, for instance, the propelling part
of the blades may havo a rake which propels the ship at ten miles an
hour, although the centre portion of the propeller is not passing through
the water in which it is immersed at more than four miles an hour,
with which the rate of such centre portion should correspond. Thus
the centre portion is caused to exert the least possible influence on
the water. The same system may be carried out with respect to arms
or radii carrying propelling blades or surfaces.
AN IMPROVED TILE AND AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING TILES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1853.
I, ROBERT HUNT, of 18, Cottage Place, Greenwich, in the County
of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED TILE AND AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING TILES"
to be as follows:-
The improved tile is a flat and thin slab of burnt clay of any suitable
temper or mixture, and made imitative of split slate, which is obtained
by forming the tiles in groups of various number, drying and burning
them in compact blocks capable of being afterwards separated. The
principle may also be applied to curved, angular, or other forms as
well as flat tiles.
The manner of forming these blocks of thin and separable tiles depends
upon an improvement in the die or dod used in the ordinary clay pressing
machine in common use for various purposes, and which improvement
consists of a suitable number of dividing knives (either solid or hollow,
for the purpose of injecting any non-adhesive solution) fixed parrelel in

page_text: the throat of the die or dod, and making the die or dod of contracted
width below the knives, so as to compress the slabs after separation by
the knives into a compact block capable of separation, thus ensuring
the necessary flatness in drying and burning them. This contrivance
may be also applied to making ordinary tiles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEPS OR BEARINGS OF THE AXLES OR SHAFTS OF GAS METERS
Year: 1853

page_text: with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stevens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1853.
I, JAMES STEVENS, of Darlington Works, Southwark Bridge Road,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE STEPS OR BEARINGS OF THE AXLES OR SHAFTS OF GAS METERS" to be
as follows:--
Heretofore it has been usual to make the bearings or steps of the
axles or shafts of gas meters of metal, so that metal works in metal,
which is objectionable in gas meters. Now my improvements consist
of employing non-metallic steps and bearings in gas meters, and I make
the same of stones or glass or vitrified matter, and also in some cases
of ivory or bone; in other respects the construction of the bearings and
steps of gas meters is the same as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING VENEERS
Year: 1853

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1853.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JULES FRANÇOIS CHACK, of Castle Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING VENEERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object peculiar combinations of mechanical
parts by which veneers may be cut with greater advantage than here-
tofore. The wood to be cut is placed in a suitable frame which can
rotate on a vertical axis, the frame being so arranged that the wood
may be raised after cach cut a quantity equal to what is to be next
cut off. The knife used is a straight edge which is pressed forward
when making the cut, and it has also communicated to it a reciproca-
ting motion, the wood at the same time being caused to rotate. It is
not essential that the knife should have a reciprocating motion, but
may be simply pressed forward when making the cut; nor is it essen-
tial that the frame or apparatus carrying the wood should be mounted

page_text: on an axis; but in all cases the machinery is combined in such
manner that the wood may be moved after each cut a distance equal to
that which is next to be cut off, and that the knife should be pressedi
forward thro' the wood, which is done by the knife frame having
toothed racks combined with it put in motion by toothed wheels.
AN IMPROVED CASE OR HAMPER FOR CARRYING WINE, SPIRITS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS IN BOTTLE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Owen Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, PETER OWEN BERNARD, of Rood Lane, in the City of London,
Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CASE OR HAMPER FOR CARRYING WINE, SPIRITS, AND
OTHER LIQUIDS IN BOTTLE" to be as follows:-
I construct this case or hamper, whether in wood, basket work, or
other material, of various shapes, but in all cases with one or more
flaps or sides, according to the shape and size of the case, which are free
to lift up or to fall down to allow access to the interior, which is divided
into compartments to suit the size of a bottle, and in which the bottles
are placed and laid in a horizontal position. These cases will be found
particularly applicable to the removing and carrying of such wines as
form a crust, Port wine, for instance, as they may be conveyed with-
out the liability of the crust being disturbed from the bottles being
placed upright or in a vertical position. The case forms a portable
wine cellar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF CUTTING AND MAKING UP GARMENTS SO AS PARTIALLY TO DISPENSE WITH SEAMS OR SEWING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Birkin Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, FRANCIS BIRKIN NEWTON, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF CUTTING
AND MAKING UP GARMENTS SO AS PARTIALLY TO DISPENSE WITH SEAMS OR
SEWING" to be as follows:-
Instead of cutting a coat or upper garment in several seperate and
distinct pieces of cloth or material, and then sewing the different parts
or pieces together, I propose to cut or shape the cloth or material in
such a form that the garment shall be almost without a seam, at
least there shall be no seams required to join a number of seperate
pieces together; for example, I mean that I will form the material in
such a shape that the body and sleeves shall not be seperate, but all in
one piece.

page_text: ADDITION TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
In order the better to elucidate the Invention a sheet of sketches
are annexed, by reference to which it will be perceived that cloth for
coats is so cut as to reduce the number of seams to be sewn.
At Figure 1, it will be perceived that the half of a coat, including
one sleeve, is cut in one piece, leaving only the inner portion of the
sleeve to be sewn together; Figures 2, and 3, shew back and front
views of the same; and Figures 4, and 5, other modifications of part
of the garment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1853

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December 1858.
I, BENJAMIN HUNT, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Upholsterer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER " to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new system or mode of propelling ships, railway
trains, and other vehicles, and consists in the application of the force of gravity
to a projected fluid column, such column issuing by gravity alone from a
lateral opening in a tank or suitably formed reservoir in the vessel to be pro-
pelled. If the height of the fall of the column be sufficiently great, an
unbalanced pressure will be produced on the vessel to be propelled, as the
form of the effluent column will be that of a portion of a parabola, the jet
issuing from the aperture before mentioned in a horizontal or nearly horizontal
direction, and consequently giving out a certain amount of reactionary force in
the opposite direction to the flow of such fluid, but by the time it has reached
the floor or reservoir prepared for its reception, it's direction will be vertical, or
nearly so, and consequently a very slight retarding effect will be produced. The
fluid, which may consist either of mercury, molten inetal, or water), is pumped
up into the tank or reservoir by suitable pumps worked by machinery, as fast
as it escapes through the lateral opening before mentioned. In this way the
head pressure always remains the same, and the reactionary force is constant

page_text: and regular, so long as the reservoir is kept supplied. The fluid may also be
pumped to a height sufficient to produce the necessary impelling force by
falling down an inclined plane or curve. In some cases fluid may be projected
at a considerable angle with the horizon. It is proposed to employ a portion
of the power derived from the falling column to assist in the raising again of
the fluid in to the reservoir. It is proposed also to use solid bodies in place
of fluids for obtaining the necessary reactionary force to propel the vessel or
train.
CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE, AND THE ECONOMISING OF FUEL IN FURNACES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Hett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)..
I, ALEXANDER HETT, of Stoke Newington in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVED MEANS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE, AND
THE ECONOMISING OF FUEL IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The distintive principle of my Invention is that of driving water by
means of a blast of air (admitted into the ash-pit) between the fire bars
of a furnace, amongst the fuel, and at the same time admitting air over
the fuel through the furnace door, or through a suitable opening made
for that purpose. The mode of carrying this into effect is as follows:-
Under the dead plate or in the mouth of the ash-pit a metal guard
or case of any suitable size is to be placed; this guard or case should
entirely block up the mouth of the ash-pit. In the centre of the
case there is an aperture for the admission of a tube or pipe to
convey a blast of air from a fan, which fan may be fixed in any con-
venient position. Above the aperture there is a smaller opening for

page_text: the passage of a pipe conveying water from a tank or cistern, which
should be placed above the level of the ash-pit. The water pipe within
the guard or case is to be convoluted or twisted, and perforated to admit
of the escape of water. The fan being actuated, a blast of air is forced
into the case, and the water being turned on from the cistern the air
from the fan carries with it a portion of the water on to the fuel; at the
same time the furnace door should be partially or fully opened, or if
another opening is employed, that should be kept open to admit of a
current of air over the fire. Instead of the above means or arrange-
ments for the supply of water, I propose also to construct the fire bars
of a furnace hollow. In this case they are to be perforated on their
under surfaces with a number of small holes, through which water may
be made to flow, or fire bars of the ordinary construction may be
employed, and a piece of tubing fixed under each bar perforated with
holes underneath, for the escape of water, the fan being used in both
these cases to drive the water and air, as above described.
MENTS IN PREVENTING RAILWAY ENGINES AND CARRIAGES RUNNING OFF THE RAILS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emanuel Myers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1853.
(Foid by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, EMANUEL MYERS, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREVENTING RAILWAY ENGINES AND CARRIAGES RUNNING OFF THE
RAILS" to be as follows:-
To the underside, and at each side, of a railway engine or carriage,
I attach a stout iron bar, the lower end of which is bent so as to travel
in the web of an ordinary rail, or in a suitable recess made by the over-
lapping of the top of a rail. This safety bar is not intended to touch
the web, or any part of the rail, chair, or sleeper, except in the event
of the carriage jumping or tending to run off the rail, when the safety
bar would come in contact with the web or recess, and thus keep the
carriages from jumping or otherwise leaving the rail.
ALTERATION OR AMENDMENT REQUIRED BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.
Year: 1853

page_text: Also, lining, coating, or covering the inside of the steam generators
or boilers for the production of steam for steam engines with granulated
copper or other suitable metal.
Also, internal safety valves for the condensers, arranged to prevent
the ingress of air by means of steam pressure upon their stufling boxes.
Also, further securing the rivetted or other joints of surface condensers
by soldering the same in order to prevent leakage.
Also, the application of non-conducting or badly conducting throttle
valves to surface condensers for steam engines.
ALTERATION OR AMENDMENT REQUIRED BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.
The improvements mentioned and referred to in the foregoing are
to be used in conjunction with each other (and with the improve-
ments already patented, as mentioned in the foregoing), forming one
combination; though the parts only of the whole combination might be
used in some cases with advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR AXLES AND IN AXLE BOXES AND BUSHES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Reading at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his l'etition, on the
2nd May 1858.
1, DANIEL READING, of the firm of Whatton and Reading, of Cham-
bers Street, Minories, in the County of Middlesex, Block Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BEARINGS FOR AXLES AND IN AXLE BOXES AND BUSHES" to be as
follows, viz.
This Invention consists in constructing the bearings and bushes for
axles generally by forming the bush, box, hub, or stock with a cylindrical,
or nearly cylindrical, cavity therein, cach end thereof having a suitable
orifice exactly opposite & corresponding to that at the other end, and
through which the axle passes; around which orifice interiorly is an
upright rim or flange. And within this are fitted rollers, which are
formed with short pivots, one at each end, which not being stepped
into any particular point, but allowed to run free within what may be

page_text: termed the annular grooves between the upright rims or flanges afore-
said and the side of the bush, box, hub, or stock, will thus be prevented
from working or falling out of their places, even when the whole is
nearly worn out.
To avoid any friction from the abrasion of any stop, shoulder piece,
bolster, or pin used outside the bush, box, hub, or stock for securing the
axle in its place, small spherical rollers are to be inserted in an annular
groove of such transverse form that it shall allow the said spherical
rollers to protrude & run freely, but not to get out of the said groove,
the stop, shoulder piece, holster, or pin working against the surfaces of
the said rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN CARTRIDGES FOR USE WITH SUCH ARMS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker Marston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th May 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM WALKER MARSTON, of the City and State of New York,
in the United States of America, Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS, AND IN CARTRIDGES FOR USE WITH SUCH ARMS," to be as
follows:-
The rear end of the barrel of any ordinary fire-arm, instead of
having a fixed breech pin, as now usual, opens into a long chamber
in the metal stock of the piece on the line of the barrel, which
chamber opens vertically through the upper part of the stock. Within
this chamber is a breech pin fitted with slides, taking grooves in the
sides of the chamber, so that it can be slid backwards and forwards
in the chamber, either opening or closing the rear end of the barrel;
and the breech pin has a cone, with a hole opening through it into
the barrel, on which cone a percussion cap is exploded to discharge the
piece by means of any hammer or cock, as now usual. This breech

page_text: pin is moved, when desired, and retained against the explosion of the
charge, by means of a lever passing through a slot or mortice in
the stock, at which point it is secured by a centre pin, on which
it swings. The lower end of the lever is formed of a convenient shape
for moving by hand, and the upper part forms a blocking piece, which,
when the breech pin is shoved forward against the rear end of the
barrel, comes down behind it, and resists the recoil of the explosion,
in a straight line on to the centre pin on which the lever moves, and
on to the hub of said lever surrounding the centre pin. A metallic
link, working in a mortice in both the breech pin and the upper end of
the lever, connects these parts, and on the lever being brought down
the link shoves the breech pin into place, and the hole in one end of
this link being elongated, and the ends of the lever and breech pin
being bevelled, as the lever is forced down into the stock the breech
pin is slid home, relieving the joints of the link from the recoil of the
explosion. When the breech pin is withdrawn, a chamber is left
in front thereof, open to the barrel, into which a proper cartridge is
placed; and my cartridge is peculiarly adapted to this breech-loading
gun, and consists of a case of paper inclosing the powder, to one end of
which a ball is attached, or shot or slugs may occupy the place of the
ball at the rear end the cartridge is provided with and attached to a
short cylinder of wood or other substance that has a groove around
its curved surface, within which groove any proper fibrous substance is
wound; the explosion being in front of this cylinder, it is left in the
barrel, and forms a wad and swab for the cartridge placed behind
it, entirely cleaning out the barrel as it is driven through by the
succeeding explosion.
AN. IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Evans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, EVAN EVANS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Pattern
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN.
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE" to be as
follows:-
Fig. 1, represents my Invention in vertical section; and Fig. 2,
represents a horizontal section of the same, the said section Fig. 2,
being taken through the line a, Fig. 1. b, is the axis on which the
horns c, carrying the roller d, turn; the upper end of the said axis bears
against the under side of the cup e, fixed on the leg of the furniture ;
fff, are three rollers turning on axes carried by the axis b, of the
castor; these rollers bear against the sides of the chamber g, formed
upon and underneath the cup e, and on the turning of the horns and

page_text: axis b, the said rollers cause the motion to be effected with great
facility, by diminishing the friction which would exist if the said rollers
were not interposed between the moving parts. Owing to the facility
with which the axis b, turns, I am enabled to bring the centre of the
roller d, more immediately under the axis b, than in the common castor.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Aitken at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, THOMAS AITKEN, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES" to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to a method of giving motion to the fire bars
of furnaces for the purpose of clearing them from and agitating the
fuel thereon, and consists in the adaptation of suitable apparatus for
imparting two motions to the bars, one being in a vertical and the
other in a longitudinal direction. Thus, for instance, I place beneath
the front ends of the bars a revolving shaft, provided with a series of
excentrics corresponding in number to the bars, and so arranged that
they are alternately on opposite sides of the centre of motion: the
motion of this shaft will cause the bars to rise and fall, and at the same
time move to and fro in the direction of their length; and according
to the arrangement I have mentioned the alternate bars will separate
from each other, so as to loosen the fuel resting upon them. Instead,

page_text: however, of the alternate arrangement, the excentrics may, if desired, be
placed at various points around the centre of motion, equally divided at
irregular intervals.
THE BETTER VENTILATION OF FIELD TENTS AND MARQUEES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Doyle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN DOYLE, of 17, Cambridge Terrace, Paddington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "THE BETTER VENTILATION OF FIELD TENTS AND MARQUEES"
to be as follows:-
In attaching to orifices in the walls of tents & marquees funnels
made of the same materials as the tents & marquees, and which
being carried upwards within the same will admit a current of fresh air
to communicate with either the door, or with any ventilating arrange-
ments at the top of such tents & marquees, and which while so doing
will exclude rain. These funnels to admit of being wholly or partially
closed at their upper extremity by means of hooks & eyes, buttons or
strings, as found most convenient, and the number, length, & position of
I, JOHN DOYLE, of 17, Cambridge Terrace, Paddington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "THE BETTER VENTILATION OF FIELD TENTS AND MARQUEES"
to be as follows:-
In attaching to orifices in the walls of tents & marquees funnels
made of the same materials as the tents & marquees, and which
being carried upwards within the same will admit a current of fresh air
to communicate with either the door, or with any ventilating arrange-
ments at the top of such tents & marquees, and which while so doing
will exclude rain. These funnels to admit of being wholly or partially
closed at their upper extremity by means of hooks & eyes, buttons or
strings, as found most convenient, and the number, length, & position of

page_text: these tunnels to be determined by the differences of climate and other
circumstances, such as the size of the tent or marquee. When intended
for hot climates, a fine netting to be inserted in the funnel in order to
exclude insects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AFFIXING ADHESIVE STAMPS AND LABELS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Piper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOSEPH PIPER, of Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex, Fur-
nishing Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AFFIXING ADHESIVE STAMPS AND
LABELS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a combination of apparatus by which
stamps or labels are taken from a suitable holder, are moistened on their
adhesive surfaces, are carried to the place where the letters or surfaces
on which they are fixed are placed, and are pressed on to make them
adhere. For this purpose a lever apparatus is used, and is caused to
vibrate on its upright axis. One end of this lever passes under a hollow
trunk or holder, within which the stamps or labels are contained, and
moves the lowest one into position to he moistened by a roller or instru-
ment on its adhesive side; the other end of the lever comes to the

page_text: stamp or lable thus moved into position, and takes it between nippers
and carries it to the position where it is to be applied, when a presser is
caused to descend as the nippers go away, and to press the stamp or
lable on to the surface to which it is desired it should adhere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' FIRE ENGINES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shand at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES SHAND, of 245, Blackfriars Road, in the County of
Surrey, Fire Engine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' FIRE ENGINES" to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of an arrangement of fire engine for
ships, wherein great portability, and cheapness and simplicity of
construction, are combined. The pumps are of gun metal, and fitted
with gun metal flap valves, the faces and seats of which are turned
even to form a good junction. The pump and air vessel are bolted
to a cast iron sole plate, which is firmly fixed inside a strong
wooden case or box. The two ends of this box are keyed at the
bottom; and when the engine is required for use, the ends of the
box are turned down, and lay flat on the deck. In working the
engine, the men place their feet on the ends which are turned down,
thereby keeping the engine steady during the pumping action

page_text: When not in use, the handles are unshipped, and placed with the
hose suction pipe and other appurtnances inside the box, and the
ends closed, thus forming a compact article capable of being moved
with facility to any portion of the ship where its service may be
required. It is intended to denominate this Invention "Shand &
Mason Patent Ships' Fire Engine."-
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING VESSELS AND EXPOSED SURFACES FROM INJURY OR DECAY
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fife at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, GEORGE FIFE, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING VESSELS AND EXPOSED SURFACES FROM
INJURY OR DECAY" to be as follows:-
of
The object of the Invention is to protect wood or iron or other
materials forming exposed surfaces from decay and corrosion, and it will
have this effect in all cases where a high temperature is not encountered.
It consists in the application of gutta percha to such surfaces by means
any powerful adhesive matter. This may be either the gutta percha
dissolved in naphtha, or shell lac dissolved in the naphtha. By this
agency a perfect sheathing is produced applicable to both wood and iron,
and without the aid of either nails or rivets. This Invention therefore
is peculiarly applicable to sheathing ships or vessels either of wood or
iron. In regard to the first it will be both more effective and durable
than copper, as well as less expensive, whilst it will serve as a most

page_text: powerful and durable, protection to iron vessels against the corrosion to
which the iron is peculiarly liable in consequence of exposure to the
action of the sea water, and against which in the course of a very brief
period of time no paint proves an effectual safeguard. Should the
sheathing for any particular purpose, by the application of the gutta
percha in sheets, be inconvenient or inapplicable, the gutta percha may
be applied in a liquid state. The gutta percha will be found to take
very readily any paint or colouring.
AN IM- PROVED MODE OF TREATING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1853

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed
with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcel Gustave Laverdet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th December 1858.
I, MARCEL GUSTAVE LAVERDET, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF TREATING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES " to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of coloring photographic pictures,
so as to give them a life-like or natural appearance, without impairing
the exactitude of the photographic image, as is the case with the ordi-
nary method of coloring, and without requiring the manipulation of
a skilful artist.
In carrying out my Invention I render the photograph transparent,
if it is not so previously, by coating the back with varnish, and causing
it to penetrate the pores of the fabric containing the picture.
When the varnish is dry I proceed with the coloring process, and
to this end I use, by preference, oil colors which are to be laid on the

page_text: back of the picture, so as to imitate as closely as possible the natural
tint of the object represented.
These colors may be diluted with rectified essence of turpentine so
as to obtain the requisite tints, care being taken to saturate the
paper, so that the color may penetrate through to the other side.
The picture is then allowed to dry, and is afterwards varnished on
the front side. If the tones are not correct they may be removed by
means of essence of turpentine, and others laid on without injuring
either the picture or the paper.
It is only now necessary to place the photographic picture upon a
white ground and the operation is complete.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CLOSING DOORS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th of February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within
the time prescribed by the Act.)
I, DAVID COCHRANE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CLOSING DOORS" to be as follows:-
My Improvements relate to the closing of the aperture or opening
between the lower edge or side of doors and the floor of apartments
or other places to which doors may be applied, for the purpose of
effectually preventing the admission of draughts of cold air (and
the beating in of rain, &c., under the same, when applied to outer
doors), and consist, first, of a fixed metal plate or bar to be attached
to the lower edge of the door by means of screws or otherwise; and,
secondly, of a moveable metal bar, which is rather longer than the
fixed bar, and is attached to the said fixed bar or plate by means of
inclined parallel links or inclined slots and pins. The moveable bar
is kept constantly pressed upwards, or towards the fixed bar, by
means of steel springs. But the moveable bar being longer than the

page_text: fixed bar, and projecting beyond the door (at the side where the
hinges are fixed), upon the closing of the door acts against the
door jamb or casing, and is thereby forced inwards, and (by means
of the parallel links or slots) in a downward direction also, as required,
thus effectually closing the aperture, space, or opening between the
lower edge of the door and the floor of the apartment or other
place to which the same may be applied, the steel springs raising
the said moveable bar immediately the door is opened.