IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS AND WINDLASSES, AND IN SHACKLING CHAINS.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Horatio Harfield, of Royal Exchange
Buildings, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CAPSTANS AND WINDLASSES, AND IN SHACKLING CHAINS.
Sealed the 6th November 1860, and dated the 31st May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Horatio Harfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1860.
I, WILLIAM HORATIO HARFIELD, of Royal Exchange Buildings, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CAPSTANS AND WINDLASSES, AND IN SHACKLING CHAINS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in capstans and windlasses,
and in shackling chains. The chain flanges which are now commonly fitted
to ships' capstans will take very well chains of several different sizes, but they
will not take properly two chains which differ so much in size as the largest
anchor cable and the stream chain, or a messenger chain. To make such
chain flanges applicable for taking such small chains as well as the larger
chains, I employ moveable stops between the fixed stops, and they are slid in
when the smaller chains are to be worked. These moveable stops take the
small chain which lays around in a circle of larger radius than that which the
chains of large size make when laying on their stops.

page_text: In some cases, in place of employing moveable stops, together with fixed
stops, as above described, I mount two chain flanges on the same capstan
to take chains of different dimensions, the one, say, to take chains of large
size, and the other to take a messenger chain, or other chain of small size.
For the purpose of giving motion to a windlass barrel there is, according
to this Invention, mounted on the axis of the windlass a chain flange, and
round this flange an endless chain is passed. This chain also encircles a chain
flange, which is mounted on the axis of a capstan. It is preferred that this
capstan should be a power capstan, that is to say, a capstan in which the bars
(with the capstan head) may be turned either in one or other direction, and
when it is turned in one direction the chain flange revolves at a comparatively
slow speed, whereas when it is turned in the contrary direction, the chain
flange turns in. the some direction as before, but at an increased speed. The
power capstan which it is preferred to employ is that known as Brown's
patent power capstan. In some cases, in place of a power capstan, a capstan
with two chain flanges are employed. They are so arranged that they can
each turn freely on the axis in one direction, but these directions are contrary,
so that when the capstan axis revolves in one direction it carries one chain
flange with it, and when in the other direction, the other chain flange.
Endless chains pass round each of these chain flanges to other chain flanges
on the windlass axis, and as one of the chain flanges on the windlass axis is
of large diameter than the other, the windlass will revolve faster when the
capstan is turned in one direction than when it is turned in the other. The
chains are so arranged that the windlass always revolves in the same direction.
It is evident that the chain flanges on the windlass axis may each be made to
revolve loosely on this axis in one direction while the chain flanges on the
capstan axis are both fast upon it; but the former arrangement is preferred.
It is preferred to arrange the windlass. barrels in the manner described in
my Provisional Specification dated 15th December 1859, (No. 2860) that is
to say, to revolve in a direction contrary to that in which windlass barrels
ordinarily revolve, and so that the cable may be passed first to the lower part of
the barrel in place of to the upper part, as is usual, thus bringing the strain on
the windlass as low down as possible. In windlasses arranged in this manner
it is inconvenient to mount the pawls on a post or standard as in an ordinary
windlass, I therefore employ in such windlasses pawls placed under the barrel,
and mounted in a frame fixed to the deck, these pawls are counterbalanced,
so that their ends rise up into the teeth of the ratchet. This method of
arranging the pawls is applicable to all windlasses in which the barrel is
arranged to revolve in the contrary direction to that in which windlass barrels

page_text: usually revolve, and so that the cable may be taken first to the lower part of
the barrel. When windlasses, such as above defined, are fitted with chain
flanges, the chain is taken off the top of the windlass, and then in passing to
the locker travels along by the side of one of the standards. Now in order
that the chain may be stopped or locked when desired, I form a recess or
groove in the side of the standard with a stop at the end of it, and when
required to stop the chain it is pressed by a lever. into this recess or groove,
and the stop at the end thereof, together with the lever, holds it securely.
When combining change flanges with windlasses in order that the chain
flange may take a larger range of chains than a chain flange with fixed stops
will take, I employ a chain flange with moveable stops, such as is described
as applied to a capstan in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me,
dated the 23rd. July 1859, (No. 1726).
In constructing small windlasses suitable for use on board cutters, I mount
a chain flange on an axis, on which a spur wheel is also mounted, and this
spur wheel is driven by a pinion, receiving motion by means of a crank handle.
The chain flange and the spur wheel are so arranged that they can revolve
independently the one of the other, so that the chain may be run out without
causing the spur wheel to revolve, or they can be clutched together when it
is desired to heave in a chain. A brake is employed to control the chain
flange in running out a chain. The chain passes first to the under part of the
chain holder, and is taken off at the top. A clearer is, as usual, employed to
remove the chain from the groove of the chain flange, this clearer as it
passes from the chain flange opens out so as to form two guide troughs, one:
passing to one side, and the other to the other side of the windlass. The
troughs guide the chains. away to the lockers, the chain passing either
through the right or left-hand trough according as it is to be led to one or
other of the chain lockers..
In [my Provisional Specification firstly before referred to, a shackle is:
described of the form of the link of a chain, of which a portion of one side.
is made moveable; now I have found that such. shackles when exposed to:
very heavy strains are liable to collapse in the middle; to avoid this I fit such.
shackles with a stay, which is removeable when the side of the link is:
removed for the end links of two chains to be introduced, but when the side
of the shackle link is in its place, the stay is held securely, and when a strain,
comes on the shackle link the stud serves to support the sides of the link.
When it is required that the chains at the point where a shackle is put.
in, should be capable of being deflected considerably from a straight line as is.
the case where a shackle has to pass a hause pipe, and in some other cases,

page_text: then I prefer to employ a shackle of a somewhat different construction, as the
shackle above described limits the play of the links passing through it in
consequence of the metal at the sides of the shackle being of such a section
that it will not pass through the links. To avoid this I make the shackle in
two parts, which fit together to the form of a link of a chain. The junctions
of the two parts are made at the sides of the shackle link, and each part is
at one extremity made of a fork-like form, and at the other extremity has a
tang projecting from it. When the two parts of the shackle link are fitted
together, the tang of each part enters between the prongs of the fork of the
other part. A key passing through the two joints secures the parts the one to
the other. A stud is placed between the two sides of the stud link, through
which also the key passes, a small locking key passing through the stud and
also through the main key, prevents the latter from falling out. In place of
passing a single key through the two joints, I sometimes employ a separate
key for each joint.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Horatio Harfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HORATIO HARFIELD, of Royal Exchange Buildings, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
said William Horatio Harfield, Her special licence that I, the said William
Horatio Harfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Horatio Harfield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS AND WINDLASSES, AND IN SHACKLING
CHAINS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Horatio Harfield, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par

page_text: ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Horatio Harfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is.
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in capstans and windlasses,
and in shackling chains. The chain flanges which are now commonly fitted to
ships' capstans will take very well chains of several different sizes, but they will
not take properly two chains which differ so much in size as the largest anchor
cable and the stream chain or a messenger chain. To make such chain flanges
applicable for taking such small chains as well as the larger chains, I employ
moveable stops between the fixed stops, and they are slid in when the smaller
chains are to be worked; these moveable stops take the small chain which lays
around in a circle of larger radius than that which the chains of larger size
make when laying on their stops.
Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a capstan constructed according
to this part of my Invention; Figures 2 and 3 are sections taken through the
chain flange at the line 1, 1, Figure 1; Figure 2 shows the moveable stops in
their places and a small chain on the flange; Figure 3 shows the large stops
only and a large chain on the flange. a is the chain flange, and a', a¹, are its fixed
stops; the general form of the flange is, as the Drawing shows, similar to that
of chain flanges heretofore employed; it differs, however, in that radial grooves
or recesses a³, a³, are formed in it to receive the moveable stops a³, a³. When
these stops are in their places, as is shown at Figure 3, the flange, as far as
respects the bearing surfaces for the chain, resembles a chain flange such as
heretofore constructed for chains of small size.
Chain flanges with fixed and moveable stops, as above described, are also
applicable for windlasses, no change is required in the form of the flange, the
moveable stops however require to be locked in their places.
. I claim in respect of this part of my Invention the employment of moveable
stops between the fixed stops, as herein described.
In some cases in constructing capstans, in place of employing moveable
stops together with fixed stops, as above described, I mount two chain flanges
on the same capstan to take chains of different dimensions; the one, say, to
take chains of large size, and the other to take a messenger chain or other
chain of small size.

page_text: A side view of a capstan so constructed is shown at Figure 4. Figures 5
and 6 show sections taken through the chain flanges of the same at the lines
2, 2, 3, 3, Figure 4, respectively. a is the flange for the larger chains; b, that
for the smaller; they are formed in one casting, and the casing is fixed as an
ordinary chain flange is fixed. The flanges are similar in form to flanges as
heretofore employed for taking large and small chains respectively.
I claim as respects this part of my Invention the mounting on a capstan two
chain flanges for taking chains of different sizes, as herein described.
. For the purpose of giving motion to a windlass barrel, there is, according to
this Invention, mounted on the axis of the windlass a chain flange, and round
this flange an endless chain is passed; this chain also encircles a chain flange,
which is mounted on the axis of a capstan. It is preferred that this capstan
should be a power capstan, that is to say, a capstan in which the bars (with
the capstan head) may be turned either in one or the other direction, and when
the head is turned in one direction the chain flange revolves at a compara-
tively slow speed, whereas when it is turned in the contrary direction the chain
flange turns in the same direction as before, but at an increased speed. The
power capstan which it is preferred to employ is that known as Brown's patent
power capstan. In some cases in place of a power capstan a capstan with two
chain flanges is employed; they are so arranged that they can each turn freely
on the axis in one direction, but these directions are contrary, so that when the
capstan axis revolves in one direction, it carries one chain flange with it, and
when in the other direction the other chain flange. Endless chains pass round
each of these chain flanges to other chain flanges on the windlass axis, and as
one of the chain flanges on the windlass axis is of larger diameter than the
other, the windlass will revolve faster when the capstan is turned in one direc-
tion than when it is turned in the other. The chains are so arranged that the
windlass always revolves in the same direction.
It is evident that the chain flanges on the windlass axis may each be made
to revolve loosely on this axis in one direction, while the chain flanges on the
capstan axis are both fast upon it, but the former arrangement is preferred.
It is preferred to arrange the windlass barrels in the manner described in
the Specification of the Patent granted to me, and dated 15th December
1859, (No. 2860), that is to say, to revolve in a direction contrary to that in
which windlass barrels ordinarily revolve, and so that the cable may be passed
first to the lower part of the barrel in place of to the upper part as is usual,
thus bringing the strain on the windlass as low down as possible. In wind-
lasses arranged in this manner it is inconvenient to mount the pawls on a
post or standard, as in an ordinary windlass, I therefore employ in such

page_text: windlasses pawls placed under the barrel and mounted in a frame fixed to the
deck, these pawls are counterbalanced, so that their ends rise up into the
teeth of the ratchet; this method of arranging the pawls is applicable to all
windlasses in which the barrel is arranged to revolve in the contrary direction
to that in which windlass barrels usually revolve, and so that the cable may be
taken first to the lower part of the barrel. When windlasses of this descrip-
tion are fitted with chain flanges the chain is taken off the top of the windlass;
and then in passing to the locker travels along by the side of one of the
standards. Now, in order that the chain may be stopped or locked when
desired, I form a recess or groove in the side of the standard with a stop at the
end of it, and when required to stop the chain it is pressed by a lever into this
recess or groove, and the stop at the end thereof, together with the lever, holds
it securely.
Figure 7 is an elevation, partly in section; and Figure 8 is a portion of a
plan of a windlass, actuated by a power capstan, as above described. a is the
axis of the capstan, having the head 6 fixed on it; c is the capstan body; this
is formed with a second head c' to receive bars, as the Drawing shows, it
turns loosely on the axis, and is used only for working ropes when the wind-
lass is out of use; d is a chain flange, it is loose on the axis a, but it is
secured by a locking pawl e to the disc f, which is fixed on the axis, and is so
driven when the axis is turned from right to left by bars placed in the holes in
the head b; this is done when it is desired to work at the high speed. The
locking pawl e fits into a radial groove in the disc f, and is pin-jointed to the
disc at its inner end; when it comes over the corresponding groove d'in the
chain flange d its outer end falls by its own weight into it, and thus, as before-
mentioned, locks the parts d and ƒ together when the axis is rotating from
right to left, but the groove d¹ is, as is shown, formed with an incline, so that
when the axis is rotated in the contrary direction the pawl e rises up the
incline in place of driving the chain flange. At the lower part of the chain
flange d, a tooth rim g is formed, and on the axis a a frame h is mounted, so
that it can turn freely; this frame has three, or other number of arms, carry-
ing pinions i, gearing with the teeth of the rim g, and also with a central
pinion fixed on the axis a; the frame h carries pawls j, which work in the
teeth of a ratchet ring k, and so prevent the frame h revolving from left to
right. Then when the capstan bars are put into the holes in the
upper head
and worked from left to right the frame h remains stationary, being held by
the pawls j, and the chain flange d, is driven by the gearing at the slow speed ;
I is an endless chain passing round the chain flange d on the capstan, and also
round a chain flange m fixed on a horizontal windlass axis n, which is carried

page_text: by the standards o, o¹, together with another standard similar to the standard
o, but not shown in the Drawing; at the other end of the axis p, p, are chain
flanges for working the ship's chains, they are mounted loosely on the axis,
but one or other of them can be clutched when required for use by its locking
pawl
9. the locking pawl, as is shown locking its chain flange, either to the
centre chain flange m or to the ratchet wheel, both of which are fast on the
axis. Each of the chain flanges p is furnished with a brake straps to
control it in running out the chain; t, t, are the counterbalance pawls they
are mounted in a frame bolted to the deck. The chains pass on at the
lower part of the chain flanges and off at the upper part thereof, whereby, as
before mentioned, the strain on the windlass is brought as low as possible; the
ship's chains are cleared out of the grooves in their chain flanges by clearers,
such as are described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me
and such as are shown plainly at Figures 20 and 21 of the annexed Drawings
berein-after described. The chain then passes in a guide trough along the side
of the standard to the locker. At the point va recess is made on the standard
of such a size as to allow one of the horizontal links of the chain to enter it ;'
w is a lever centered to the bottom of the standard when turned up into the
position shown at Figure 9 (which is an end view of one of the end standards o);
it presses a link of the chain into the recess at v, and nips the next vertical
link between itself and the end of the said recess by lashing the lever w; in
There is a projection a from the
this position the chain becomes firmly held.
standard to support the lever w. Figure 10 is an elevation partly in section,
and Figure 11 is a portion of a plan of an arrangement, in which, in place
of employing a power capstan, a capstan with two chain flanges is made
use of.
a is the axis; b a head fixed on it to receive the capstan bars;
c and d are two similar chain flanges mounted loosely on the said axis; e and e¹
are discs keyed on to the axis to drive the chain flanges c and d; they are
locked thereto by locking pawls f, f, similar to the locking pawl already
described. Thus when the bars are worked from right to left, the upper chain
flange c is driven, and when from left to right the lower chain flanged is
driven; g is a capstan body mounted loosely on the axis, and employed when
the windlass is out of use to work with ropes; h and i are two endless chains.
passing respectively round the chain flanges c and d of the capstan and the
chain flanges and fixed on the windlass axis e, which is carried by
standards in the usual manner. It will be seen that the chain flange kis
much larger in diameter than the chain flange j, consequently when the lower
chain flange d of the capstan is driven, it turns the windlass at the slow speed,
and when the flange c is driven the windlass is worked at the fast speel; m.

page_text: are the windlass ratchets, and n, n, the counterbalance pawls. It will be seen
that in both of the arrangements described the driving chains pass direct from
the chain flange on the capstan to that on the windlass; and I would remark,"
that it is essential that the chains should so pass, as the strain on these chains
is so severe that they could not be successively worked were they caused to
pass in an indirect course over guide pulleys or other guiding instruments
interposed between their two chain flanges.
I claim, as respects this part of my Invention, the driving a windlass from a
capstan by mounting a chain flange on each, and passing an endless chain
direct from one to the other..
I also claim the arranging a windlass so that it may be driven from a power
capstan by an endless chain and chain flanges, as described.
I also claim the driving a windlass at a fast or slow speed, as desired, by
means of a capstan with two chain flanges, and endless chains passing from
these chain flanges to other chain flanges on the windlass axis, the sizes
of the chain flanges being regulated so as to give the difference of speed
required.
I also claim the driving a windlass so arranged that the ship's chains with
which it works shall pass on to it underneath the barrel (in place of over the
barrel as is usual) by means of a capstan and endless chain passing round
chain flanges on the capstan and on the windlass.
I also claim the applying to windlasses (which receive the chains they work
underneath the barrel) pawls placed under the barrel, and mounted in a frame
fixed to the deck, these pawls been counterbalanced or arranged so that their
ends rise up into the teeth of the ratchet.
. I also claim the method of locking the chain herein described. When
combining chain flanges with windlasses, in order that the chain flange may
take a larger range of chains than a chain flange with fixed stops will take,
I employ a chain flange with moveable stops, such as is described as applied
to a capstan in the Specification of a former Patent, granted to me, dated 28th
July 1859 (No. 1726).
Figure 12 is a side view, partly in section, and Figure 13 is a plan of a
windlass driven by a capstan, such as is shown at Figures 7 and 8, already
described, but in the Figures 12 and 13 the windlass is shown with chain
flanges, having moveable stops, so that the flanges may be adjusted to take a
greater range of chains than they would were the stops fixed, the stops
being shifted in towards the centre to take small chains, or out from the
centre to take large chains. The small chains bed nearer to the axis of the
windlass than the larger chains. a, a, are bevilled grooves, formed in the chain

page_text: flanges; b, b, the moveable stops which slide in the same to and from the axis.
of the windlass; c, c, are filling pieces, a greater or less number of which are
placed in the grooves a, behind the stops b, according as the said stops are
required to be at a greater or less distance from the axis. In the Drawing
three filling pieces are shown behind each stop; e, e, are screw bolts, which
pass through the stops and are screwed into holes tapped in the flange; they
secure the stops in their grooves.
I claim as respects this part of my Invention the combining with a windlass
a chain flange with stops, capable of being shifted to and from the centre to
adjust them to chains of different sizes and forms..
In the Specification of the Patent granted to me, and dated 15th December
1859 (No. 2860), a shackle is described of the form of the link of a chain, of
which a portion of one side is made moveable. Now I have found that such
shackles, when exposed to very heavy strains, are liable to collapse in the
middle; to avoid this I fit such shackles with a stay, which is removeable
when the side of the link is removed for the end links of two chains to be
introduced; but when the side of the shackle link is in its place, the stay is:
held securely, and when a strain comes on the shackle link, the stud serves to
support the sides of the link. Figure 14 is a plan of a shackle so constructed;
Figure 15 is a longitudinal section, Figure 16 a transverse section, and
Figure 17 a side view of the same. a and b are the two parts which fit
together to make up the shackle link; they are secured the one to the other
by the keys c, c; d is the stay; it is not fixed to the parts a and b, but fits
between them, as the Drawing shows.
When it is required that the chain at the point where a shackle is put in
should be capable of being deflected considerably from a straight line, as in
the case where the shackle has to pass a hawse pipe, and in some other cases,
then I prefer to employ a shackle of a somewhat different construction, as the
shackle above described limits the play of the links passing through it in con-
sequence of the metal at the sides of the shackle being of such a section that
it will not pass through the links; to avoid this, I make the shackle in two
parts, which fit together to the form of a link of a chain. The junctions of
the two parts are made at the sides of the shackle link, and each part is at one
extremity made of a fork-like form, and at the other extremity has a tang
projecting from it, so as that when the two parts of the shackle link are fitted
together the tang of each part enters between the prongs of the fork of the
other part. A key passing through the two joints secures the parts, the one
to the other. A stud is placed between the two sides of the stud link, through
which also the key passes, a small locking key passing through the stud, and.

page_text: Figure 18
a and b
also through the main key prevents the latter from falling out.
is a plan, and Figure 19 a longitudinal section of such a shackle.
are the two parts of the shackle link; they are made, as is shown, with a
fork at one end and a tang at the other, so that the tang of one part fits
between the prongs of the fork of the other; c is a key holding the parts
together; d is a stay, through which also the key passes; e is a locking key,
to hold the main key securely.
In place of passing a single key through the two joints of the shackle,
I sometimes employ a separate key for each joint.
I claim as respects this part of my Invention the constructing shackles in
the manner above described.
'I also claim the combining stays with shackles made to the form of the link
of a chain, as herein described.
In constructing small windlasses suitable for use on board cutters, I mount.
a chain flange on an axis, on which a spur wheel is also mounted, and this.
spur wheel is driven by a pinion receiving motion by means of a crank handle..
The chain flange and the spur wheel are so arranged that they can revolve
independently the one of the other, so that a chain may be run out without
causing the spur wheel to revolve, or they can be clutched together when it is
desired to heave in a chain. A brake is employed to control the chain flange
in running out a chain, the chain passes first to the under part of the chain
holder, and is taken off at the top; a clearer is, as usual, employed to remove
the chain from the groove of the chain flange; this clearer as it
passes from
the chain flange opens out so as to form two guide troughs, one passing to one
side and the other to the other side of the windlass. The troughs guide the
chains away to the lockers, the chain passing either through the right or left 1
hand trough, according as it is to be led to the one or other of the chain
lockers. :
Figure 20 is a plan, and Figure 21 is an end view, of such a windlass.
a, a, are cast-iron standards; they carry a horizontal axis b; c is a spur wheel
fixed on the axis 6; it has a rim or flange c' formed on it at one side; in this
a radial notch is formed to receive the locking piece d, which is jointed to it at
its inner end. e is a chain flange, mounted loosely on the axis; it also has a radial
notch formed in it at one end, and the locking piece d may, as the Drawing
shews, be thrown forward out of its notch in the rim c into the notch in the
chain flange, and there held by driving in the key d behind it, the rim c¹ being
formed with lugs to receive the said key. When it is desired to set the chain
flange free of the axis, as is required for running out a chain, it can be done
by removing the key and driving back the locking piece d into its notch in the

page_text: rim c; the key also serves to retain the locking piece in this position. f is a
brake rim formed on the side of the chain flange; it receives the strap g,
which is capable of being drawn tight to nip the rim by the lever h. The
brake rim f is made hollow, and has ratchet teeth i formed within it, and the
pawls to work with these teeth, are jointed to one of the standards, as is
shown. k and are two axes, also carried by the standards; they each carry
a pinion gearing with the spur wheel c; these pinions are marked m and n
respectively; the axes are made square at each end to receive the crank
handles o, o, the pinion m is, as is shown, larger than the pinion n, so that
when the handles are applied to the axis of the first pinion the chain flange
will be driven more rapidly than when they are applied to the axis of the
second. p, p, are winch barrels fixed at each end of the capstan axis; usually
when they are to be employed the chain flange is disconnected; q is a clearer
to raise the chain up out of the groove of the chain flange; r, r, are two guide
troughs for conducting the chains away. One or other of them is employed,
according as it is desired to pass the chain, which is being worked into the
port or starboard locker. The dotted lines show the course chains take in
passing to and from the capstan.
I claim as respects this part of my Invention the construction of windlasses,
in the manner above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Horatio Harfield, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
W. H. HARFIELD. (L.S.)