IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING, PURIFYING AND SUPPLYING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS, OR TUE LIKE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: I, THOMAS LISHMAN, of 4 South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HEATING, PURIFYING AND SUPPLYING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS, OR
TUE LIKE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatus for
heating water used in steam boilers or the like to a bigh temperature, of purifying
or extracting the solid matters of such water and of supplying the water when so
purified to the boilers or other vessels.
For this purpose I make use of an apparatus or vessel which is by preference
cylindrical in shape and of a size suitable for a given number of boilers or the
quantity of water to be purified and it may be in two or more parts, securely
connected together. The said vessel is provided with a pair or a number of pairs
of internal pipes, arranged when practicable in the centre thereof, the said pipes of
each pair being of different capacities and placed by preference one inside the other.
Each pair of these pipes consists of a circulating pipe and a purifying and feed
water inlet pipe to the boiler or other vessel to be supplied to which they are
connected and by which means communication is effected between the two.
The water to be used is forced into the apparatus wherein it is caused to
circulate by means of the circulating pipe and becomes heated to the highest
possible temperature. The water is baffled or checked in its circulation by a bell
shaped internal cover, fixed to the larger circulating pipe. By these means the
impurities, including carbonates and sulphates of lime are precipitated and collected
in the lower portion of the apparatus, from whence they may be blown off under
pressure through a blow off cock provided for the purpose.
The inlet or feed and circulating pipes may be provided with suitable valves for
regulating purposes.
In the case of forges, rolling mills and other similar works where the boilers are
heated by the escaping gases from furnaces, I secure the vessel or apparatus in the
case of a vertical boiler to the side thereof the size and requirements of the
apparatus varying according to the number of boilers to be supplied. If the boiler
or boilers be horizontal or a small number of them be employed I prefer to place
the apparatus (which acts as an intermediate feeder) on the top of the boiler in
which case all the pipes hereinbefore referred to, excepting one, would pass through
the apparatus into the boiler through the shell thereof each pipe being carried
(through the lower part of the apparatus if it be inside the boiler) to the required
depth into the water the action is similar to that hereinbefore described but the
arrangement of the pipes would be modified to suit the different positions of
the apparatus By this means the boiler is utilized for assisting the action of the
annaratna

page_text: For the purpose of heating purifying and supplying large quantities of water
I may attach the hereinbefore described apparatus to a large cylindrical vessel or
boiler similar to and in substitution of the vertical boiler hereinbefore described
and which in combination with the apparatus herein before described forms a
complete apparatus when a boiler is not available for the purpose; the said
cylindrical vessel or boiler is provided in its interior with a conical shaped
diaphragm or plate to act as a baffle to the circulation of the water and for the
purpose of breaking up the current thereof and with a perforated partition for
dividing the water into small particles which is very essential. The conical
diaphragm or plate may in some cases be dispensed with but in cases where the
water is heavily charged with mud its use will be found to be of advantage.
This boiler or vessel is placed by preference in such a position as to intercept the
escaping gases from the steam boiler or other furnaces and is so surrounded and
secured by masonry as to allow of the said gases being utilized for heating the said
boiler or vessel which is in connection with an apparatus such as that herein before
described and forms part thereof and in which the pressure and heat are therefore
equal to those in the boiler; all impurities in the water will be therein precipitated
and the boilers will be supplied by gravitation with purified water without any
additional cost for fuel but effecting a considerable saving thereof.
The vessel or apparatus is attached to the cylindrical boiler or vessel herein-
before described arranged so as to be heated by the escaping gases from the
furnaces; the two vessels being connected as described form a heater and purifier;
both the said vessels are filled with the required quantity of water which is supplied
first to the purifying part of the apparatus in the ordinary way such as by means
of a pump or an injector and from this part of the apparatus the water passes to
the other part or boiler and the water when the apparatus is working will become
heated by the communication of one part of the apparatus with the other, and a
constant circulation is kept up between the two vessels. The impurities extracted
are received in the lower part of the purifying portion of the apparatus where it is
blown off by means of blow off pipes or cleaned out by the ordinary methods easy
access being provided for that purpose. The purified water is supplied to the
boilers from the higher portion of the vessel or pure water chamber by gravitation.
The apparatus may in many cases be advantageously attached to boilers at present
in use particularly where they are heated by escaping gases from furnaces and the
apparatus may be so arranged as to supply one or more boilers, the same being
connected as herein before described. The water is supplied to the apparatus, the
inlet feed pipe from the apparatus to the boiler when the boiler is a vertical one
being placed at a given lower level and the circulating pipe at a higher level in
the boiler which may be provided with a strum tap acting also as a scum tap the
impurities of the water being collected in the lower part or collecting chamber of
the apparatus.
The purifying vessel may be placed either horizontally or vertically to suit
requirements but I prefer to place it vertically and a number of the said vessels
may be employed which may be connected together or not.
The apparatus when attached causes a circulation and supply of purified and
heated water at the same temperature as that in the boiler thereby lessening the
risk of boiler explosions, and preserving the boilers from the effects of injurious
accumulations,
The apparatus may if required be so arranged and fixed to a boiler or to the
seating thereof as to answer the purposes of a filter and water heater.

page_text: I THOMAS LISHMAN, of 4 South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HEATING, PURIFYING AND SUPPLYING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS, OR
THE LIKE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatus for
heating water used in steam boilers or the like to a high temperature, of purifying
or extracting the solid matters of such water and of supplying the water when so
purified to the boilers or other vessels.
For this purpose I make use of an apparatus or vessel which is by preference
cylindrical in shape and of a size suitable for a given number of boilers or the
quantity of water to be purified and it may be in two or more parts securely
connected together. The said vessel is provided with a pair or a number of pairs
of internal pipes, arranged when practicable in the centre thereof, the said pipes of
each pair being of different capacities and placed by preference one inside the
other. Each pair of these pipes consists of a circulating pipe and a purifying and
feed water inlet pipe to the boiler or other vessel to be supplied to which they are
connected and by which means communication is effected between the two.
The water to be used is forced into the apparatus and thence through the feed
water inlet pipe into the boiler or other vessel and is caused to circulate through
the apparatus and boiler by means of the circulating and feed water pipes and
becomes heated to the highest possible temperature. The water is baffled or
checked in its circulation by a bell shaped or a conically shaped internal cover,
fixed to the larger circulating pipe. By these means the impurities including
carbonates and sulphates of lime are precipitated and collected in the lower portion
of the apparatus, from whence they may be blown off under pressure through a
blow off cock.provided for the purpose.
The inlet or feed and circulating pipes may be provided with suitable valves for
regulating purposes.
In the case of forges, rolling mills and other similar works where the boilers
are heated by the escaping gases from furnaces I secure the vessel or apparatus in
the case of a vertical boiler to the side thereof, the size and requirements of
the apparatus varying according to the number of boilers to be supplied. If the
boiler or boilers be horizontal or a small number of them be employed I prefer to
place the apparatus (which acts as an intermediate feeder) on the top of the boiler
in which case the pipes hereinbefore referred to, would pass through the apparatus
into the boiler through the shell thereof, each pipe being carried (through the
lower part of the apparatus if it be inside the boiler) to the required depth into
the water; the action is similar to that hereinbefore described but the arrangement
of the pipes would be modified to suit the different positions of the apparatus. By
this means the boiler is utilized for assisting the action of the apparatus.

page_text: For the purpose of heating, purifying and supplying large quantities of water
I may attach the hereinbefore described apparatus to a large cylindrical vessel
or boiler provided in its interior with a conical shaped diaphragm and with a
perforated partition. This boiler or vessel is placed by preference in such a position
as to intercept the escaping gases from the steam boiler or other furnaces and is so
surrounded and secured by masonry as to allow of the said gases being utilized for
heating the said boiler or vessel which is in connection with an apparatus such as
that herein before described and forms part thereof and in which the pressure and
heat are therefore equal to those in the boiler; all impurities in the water will be
therein precipitated and the boilers will be supplied by gravitation with purified
water without any additional cost for fuel but effecting a considerable saving
thereof.
The vessel or apparatus is attached to the cylindrical boiler or vessel herein-
before described arranged so as to be heated by the escaping gases from the
furnaces; the two vessels being connected 'as described form a heater and purifier;
both the said vessels are filled with the required quantity of water which is
supplied first to the purifying part of the apparatus in the ordinary way such as
by means of a pump or an injector and from this part of the apparatus the water
passes to the other part or boiler and the water when the apparatus is working
will become heated by the communication of one part of the apparatus with the
other, and a constant circulation is kept up between the two vessels. The
impurities extracted are received in the lower part of the purifying portion of
the apparatus where it is blown off by means of blow off pipes or cleaned out by
the ordinary methods, easy access being provided for that purpose. The purified
water is supplied to the boilers from the higher portion of the vessel or pure water
chamber by gravitation. The apparatus may in many cases be advantageously
attached to boilers at present in use particularly where they are heated by escaping
gases from furnaces and the apparatus may be so arranged as to supply one or
more boilers, the same being connected as hereinbefore described. The water is
supplied to the apparatus, the inlet feed pipe from the apparatus to the boiler
when the boiler is a vertical one being placed at a given lower level and the
circulating pipe at a higher level in the boiler which may be provided with a
strum tap acting also as a scum tap the impurities of the water being collected in
the lower part or collecting chamber of the apparatus.
The purifying vessel may be placed either horizontally or vertically to suit
requirements but I prefer to place it vertically and a number of the said vessels
may be employed which may be connected together or not.
The apparatus when attached causes a circulation and supply of purified and
heated water at the same temperature as that in the boiler thereby lessening the
risk of boiler explosions and preserving the boilers from the effects of injurious
accumulations.
The apparatus may if required be so arranged and fixed to a boiler or to the
seating thereof as to answer the purposes of a filter and water heater.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawings in which figure 1,
sheet 1, represents a vertical section of an apparatus for heating, purifying and
supplying the feed water of steam boilers or the like according to my improved
method and shewn applied to the side of the boiler or other vessel. Figure 2,
sheet 1, is a transverse vertical section shewing the apparatus as I prefer to arrange
it when applied to the top of a horizontal boiler having two flues. Figure 3,
sheet 2, represents a vertical section of an apparatus shewn arranged for use with
an intermediate vessel or boiler for heating, purifying and supplying large
quantities of water to several boilers. Figure 4, sheet 2, represents a vertical
section of a horizontal boiler with my improved apparatus arranged at the side
thereof and figure 5, sheet 1, is a vertical section shewing the apparatus adapted
for use with a marine boiler. Similar letters of reference represent similar or
corresponding parts throughout the soveral figures of the drawings.

page_text: Referring to Figure 1, A represents the apparatus or vessel for heating, purifying
and supplying the feed water of steam boilers and B represents the boiler to which
it is fixed. The said vessel A. is preferably formed cylindrical in cross section and
is shewn made in three parts a, b and c which are joined securely together;
d and e, represent the pair of internal pipes arranged in the centre of the vessel A;
d is the circulating pipe and e the feed water inlet pipe. Although only one pair of
pipes d, e, are shewn it will be obvious that more than one pair of such pipes can
be employed if required. The pipe d is formed of a smaller diameter than the
pipe e and is fixed inside the same. The pipes d and e, are extended through
the sides of the parts b and c respectively of the vessel A and are connected with the
boiler or vessel B to be supplied with water, communication by this means being
effected between the two vessels A and B. f, is the bell shaped cover fixed to the
feed water inlet pipe e and which serves, as the water to be purified and heated is
forced into and is circulated through the vessel A and past the said cover to
precipitate all the impurities contained in the said water to the bottom of the
vessel A where they can be blown out through the blow off cock g, provided for
that purpose. h, is the inlet branch pipe formed in the lower portion c of the
vessel A to admit the water to be used in the apparatus. When the apparatus A
is in use, the water with which the boiler is to be supplied or fed is forced through
the inlet branch pipe h, into the said apparatus and a current of hot water will be
thereby caused to flow from the boiler B, into the vessel A, through the circulating
pipe d; the feed water as it enters the vessel A passes in an upward direction at
the same time receiving a certain amount of heat from the feed water inlet pipe e,
which by reason of its enclosing the circulating pipe d, and of its connection with
the boiler B is full of water at a high temperature. The feed water (still absorbing
heat by reason of its contact with the pipe e,) then comes in contact with the bell-
shaped cover f, which causes the impurities contained in the said water to be
precipitated to the bottom of the vessel A as hereinbefore described. The water
having passed the bell-shaped cover f, is then finally caused to flow into the
boiler B through the pipe e, and in its passage will absorb additional heat from the
circulating pipe d. Suitable valves not shewn in the drawings can be placed on
the pipes, d and e, between the vessel A. and boiler B for the purpose of regulating
the supply of circulating and feed water respectively. In figure 2, which represents
my improved apparatus applied to the top of a horizontal boiler having two flues,
the portion c thereof is shewn extending through the top of the boiler B, the whole
being supported and fastened to the top of the said boiler by the bracket c'. The
circulating and feed water inlet pipes & and e respectively pass through the lower
part of the vessel A, the pipe d being carried nearly to the bottom of the boiler B
while the pipe e terminates just below the water level. el, is a pipe surrounding
the pipes d and e and serving as a steam jacket, the bottom end of the said pipe e
being open to the steam space in the boiler B as shewn. d' is a bracket which
serves to support and keep the circulating pipe in the centre of the pipe e.
bell-shaped cover f, is shewn fixed to the steam pipe e¹ instead of being fixed to
the feed water inlet pipe e as hereinbefore described when referring to figure 1.
The inlet branch pipe h is shewn formed on the portion 6 of the vessel A and
opposite to it is situated the blow-off branch pipe h' which is connected with the
bottom portion c of the vessel A. by a pipe or channel h³. a¹, is an air cock. The
action of this apparatus is similar to that of the apparatus shewn in figure 1, but
it is facilitated by reason of the apparatus being fixed to and partly within the
boiler B.
The
Figure 3 represents my improved apparatus arranged for use in connection with
an intermediate vessel or boiler heated by the escaping gases from furnaces and
suitable for heating, purifying and supplying large quantities of water to several
boilers; the vessel A is similar to that herein before described and shewn in
figures 1 and 2 but slightly modified to adapt it for the herein before described
purpose. B, B, are two boilers to be supplied with water; C, is the intermediate
vessel or boiler formed cylindrically in cross section and placed in a vertical

page_text: position; f¹, is the conical shaped diaphragm which serves the same purpose as the
bell-shaped cover f in the vessel A previously described when referring to figures 1
and 2, viz, to cause the impurities contained in the feed water to be deposited at
the bottom of the vessel when the said water impinges against the diaphragm f¹.
i is the perforated partition which is fixed a short distance above the diaphragm f¹.
The partition i serves to assist in precipitating any impurities that may have
escaped through the diaphragm f¹. The boiler or vessel C is placed as shewn 80
that the flue D from the boilers B, B, is carried up and round the said vessel thus
intercepting the heated products of combustion whereby heat is imparted to the
water contained in the said vessel. By fixing the vessel C in the manner described
the heat and pressure of steam therein are maintained at the same point as in the
boilers B. Suitable gauges j, and k, are provided at the top of the vessel C for
indicating the level of water and pressure of steam respectively The vessel C is
connected to the boilers B B by the pipe l, in which are placed suitable valves m
to regulate the admission of the water to the said boilers. The vessel C is also
connected to the apparatus A, by the circulating and feed water inlet pipes & and e
respectively as hereinbefore described and shewn in figures 1 and 2, and also by
a pipe n which is fixed to the steam space at the top of the vessel C and leads to a
steam jacket o which surrounds the vessel A; the steam jacket o serves to heat the
feed water as it is forced through the vessel A. A cock is provided at the bottom
of the steam jacket o for blowing off any condensed water that, may accumulate.
A conical shaped diaphragm f is shewn in the apparatus A for precipitating the
impurities in the feed water instead of a bell shaped cover as hereinbefore
described and shewn in figures 1 and 2. When using the apparatus the water as
it is forced through the inlet branch branch pipe and passes upwards in the
apparatus A, past the conical diaphragm f, as herein before described, when referring
to figures 1 and 2 will pass through the inlet water pipe e into the vessel C just
below the conical diaphragm f¹, which, as the water moves in a vertical direction
causes more of the impurities to be precipitated to the bottom of the said vessel C
whence they can be blown off through the cock h¹, or removed by any ordinary
method, a manhole door (not shewn in the drawing) being provided for that
purpose. The water still moving in an upward direction passes through the
perforated plate i, which causes any impurities that may still be retained in the
water to be deposited. The water is finally caused to enter the pipe l, through
which it flows by gravity to the boilers B, B. Whilst the vessel Cand apparatus A
are being fed with water a return circulation takes place through the circulating
pipe d as hereinbefore described with reference to figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 shews my improved apparatus A applied to the side of a horizontal
boiler having two flues. The said apparatus A is formed of two cylinders p and q
surrounded by steam jackets o, o, the said cylinders p and q being placed in a
vertical and horizontal position respectively and connected by an elbow piece ras
shewn. The circulating and feed water inlet pipes & and c respectively are
arranged relatively as herein before described and serve to connect the boiler B with
the portion p of the apparatus A. The feed water inlet pipe c where it joins the
boiler B is provided with an outer casings which is bolted or fastened to the said
boiler, and is open to the steam space in the same. The casing 8 is provided with
a branch pipe t communicating with the steam jacket o of the vertical portion p,
of the vessel A. The steam jackets o on the portions p and q of the apparatus A
are connected by a pipe w. The pipe u serves to conduct steam from the boiler to
the steam jacket o of the portion p of the vessel A and from thence it is conveyed
to the steam jacket of the portion q. The operation is substantially the same as
that of the apparatus A hereinbefore described when referring to figure 3.
The apparatus shewn in figure 5 is of similar construction to that shewn in
figure 4 with the exception that the portion g of the apparatus is placed underneath
and linable with the portion p as shewn, communication being effected between
the two by holes in the connecting faces of each portion as shewn by the dotted
Jines.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The herein described method of heating purifying and supplying the feed
water of steam boilers or the like by causing the feed water and water in the boiler
or the like to circulate in a vessel receiving the feed water and through a pair (or
pairs) of pipes one of the said pair being arranged within the other, the said pipes
forming communication between the boiler or the like and the said vessel which is
provided with means for effecting the precipitation of the impurities of the feed
water and in which the said pipes are contained substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus for heating, purifying,
and supplying feed water for steam boilers and other purposes substantially as
herein before described and represented in figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The apparatuses for heating, purifying and supplying feed water for steam
boilers substantially as herein before described and represented in Figures 2, 3, 4
and 5 of the accompanying drawings.