Improvements in Paper Fasteners, Ticket Suspenders, and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Paper Fasteners, Ticket Suspenders, and
the like.
I SAMUEL HENRY CROCKER of 31, Furnival Street, London, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in devices for use as paper fasteners,
suspenders, ticket holders and the like, and has for its object to provide means by
which sucharticles can be more readily formed than has hitherto been the case.
One portion of my invention relates to the bending process by which such articles
are made.
In carrying out my invention I form the fasteners from small strips or blanks of
sheet metal, which is first stamped into the required shape. To secure the papers
or other articles spikes are staniped from the sheet metal, and bent so as to engage
with the papers when the blanks are punched into the required shape. Each blank is
bent at the centre forming two arms or sides placed at an acute angle with each
other, and adapted to be doubled or closed together when pressed between
the finger and thumb, this action causing the spikes above mentioned to pass
through the papers. In order that the blank may be bent or doubled at the middle,
this portion must be made much weaker than the ends or sides. For this purpose
I stamp the blank with a boss, series of ribs or other projections on each side of
the middle, so that the centre portion is left flat, while the surface on each side is
raised or bulged. The middle is thus made much weaker, and the blank will
readily bend at this point, but will be prevented from bending at any other point,
owing to the bulging of the metal.
According to a modified arrangement, I propose to cut from the centre of the
blank a small piece or pieces of metal leaving a perforation or perforations of
diamond or other suitable shape. The perforating is arranged to weaken the blank
at the middle, so that the cross section of the metal is least at this point, enabling
the blank to be bent much more easily at the middle than at any point on
either side.
Instead of the arrangement above described, the blank may be weakened at the
middle by stamping it with a narrow portion, this arrangement being shown in my
Specification No. 8232 of 1894 for "Improvements in paper fasteners."
The spikes may be stamped from within the edges of the blank, or may project
from the extremities, and when bent up to pass each other on the sides being
pressed together, as used for holding tickets or other articles, an arm is formed at
each side and at the centre which can be bent over the ticket engaging with it, as
shown in my Specification No. 19,441 of 1894 for "Improvements in paper fasteners
and ticket holders."
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, referenee is had to
the accompanying sheet of drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a plan of a blank according to one arrangement,
Fig. 2 is a side view of the complete fastener,
Fig. 3 shows a similar blank arranged for a ticket holder, and
Fig. 4 shows a ticket holder ready for use.
Figs. 5 to 28 are similar views to Figs. 1 to 4, showing modifications of my.
arrangement applied as a naner fastener and ticket holder.

page_text: Referring to Figs. 1 to 12, A is the blank bulged at a on each side of the centre,
leaving the central portion flat. As shown in Fig. 2 the blank is bent at this flat
portion. Figs. 13 to 16 show the blank A¹ with central perforation a¹ having its
widest point at the middle, allowing the blank to be bent easily at that point. The
shape of the perforation may be modified in any suitable manner.
In Figs. 17 to 28 the blank A' is narrowed at a³ or cut away to form a narrow
Deck at the middle. According to Figs. 1 to 4, spikes B are employed stamped
from within the edge of the blank and bent up at about right angles as shown in
Figs. 2 and 4 so as just to pass each other when the fastener is closed. In Figs. 5
to 8 one of the spikes B' is formed at the extremity of the fastener, the arrangement
being otherwise the same.
In Figs. 9 to 12, both spikes B' project upon the end, and are not stamped from
the sides of the fastener. As shown in Figs. 13 and 14 one spike B is employed
stamped from within the edge of the blank at each end placed nearly equidistant
from the centre and bent down in the usual manner. A small projection C is formed
at the ends of the blank, so that the fastener can be opened or closed more easily
without danger of injuring the fingers.
In Figs. 15 and 16, one spike is employed at one end stamped from within the
edge of the blank, and two on the edge on the other end. In Figs. 17 to 28 the
various forms of spike are shown applied to modified shape of blank. The arms D
are formed at the sides of the blank, projecting for a suitable distance at right
angles to make the ticket holder. These arms are bent over to clip the ticket or
like article as before described referring to Specification No. 1944194.
Dated this 19th day of December 1895.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Paper Fasteners, Ticket Suspenders, and
the like.
I, SAMUEL HENRY CROCKER of 31, Furnival Street, London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the class of paper fasteners known as
the "Best" paper fasteners, and which are constructed from metal blanks bent over
upon themselves at or about the middle. The device is herein arranged in
connection with ticket holders, suspenders and the like.
An important part of my invention relates to the bending process which is an
essential feature of this class of paper fastener.
In carrying out my inveution I form the fasteners from blanks of sheet metal
which are first stamped or formed into the required shape. In my Patent
Specification No. 8232 of 1894, I show and claim a paper fastener formed from a
metal blank having a spike at one side of the blank and a recess upon the other
side. In accordance with this invention I form a spike or spikes upon each side of
the metal blank, which blank is beut at about the centre thus forming two arms or
sides placed at an acute angle with each other and adapted to be doubled or closed
together when pressed between the finger and thumb, this action causing the spike
above mentioned to pass through the papers.

page_text: In order that the blank may be easily bent or doubled at the middle, this portion
must be made relatively much weaker than the ends or sides. I can attain this
object by stamping the blank with a boss series of ribs, or other projections on each
side of the middle so that the centre portion is left flat while the surface on each
side is raised or bulged. Thus the centre of the blank will be the weakest part and
the two sides will be strengthened by such bosses, ribs or projections, and the blank
will readily bend over at the centre where it is weak, but will be prevented from
bending at any other point, owing to the strengthening of the blank at the other
portions.
According to a modified arrangement, I cut from the centre of the blank a small
piece or pieces of metal, so that the cross section of the metal is least at this point,
thus enabling the blank to be bent more easily at the middle than at any other
part. In carrying out this cutting away of metal at the centre, I prefer to
perforate the metal with perforations of diamond or other suitable shapes."
Instead of the arrangement above described, the blank may be weakened at the
middle by stamping it with a narrow portion, this arrangement being shown in my
Specification No. 8232 of 1894 for "Improvements in paper fasteners."
The spikes may be stamped from within the edges of the blank, or may project
from the extremities, and when bent up are arranged to pass each other on the
sides being pressed together. As used for holding tickets or other articles, an arm
is formed at each side and at the centre which can be bent over the ticket,
engaging with it as shown in my Specification No. 19,441 of 1894 for "Improvements
in paper fasteners and ticket holders."
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference is had to
the drawings filed with the Provisional Specification, in which
Fig. 1 is a plan of a blank according to one arrangement,
Fig. 2 is a side view of the complete fastener,
Fig. 3 shows a similar blank arranged for a ticket holder, and
Fig. 4 shows a ticket holder ready for use.
Figs. 5 to 28 are similar views to Figs. 1 to 4, showing modifications of my
arrangement applied as a paper fastener and ticket holder.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 12, A is the blank bulged at a on each side of the centre,
leaving the central portion flat. As shown in Fig. 2 the blank is bent at this flat
portion. Figs. 13 to 16 show the blank A' with central perforation a' having its
widest point at the middle, allowing the blank to be bent easily at that point.
The shape and character of the perforation may be modified in any suitable
manner.
In Figs. 17 to 28, the blank A2 is narrowed at a² or cut away to form a narrow
neck at the middle. According to Figs. 1 to 4, spikes B are employed stamped
from within the edge of the blank and bent up at right angles as shown in Figs. 2
and 4 so as just to pass each other when the fastener is closed. In Figs. 5 to 8 one
of the spikes B¹ is formed at the extremity of the fastener, the arrangement being
otherwise the same.
In Figs. 9 to 12, both spikes B¹ project upon the end, and are not stamped
from the sides of the fastener. As shown in Figs. 13 to 14, one spike B is
employed stamped from within the edge of the blank at each end placed nearly
equidistant from the centre and bent down in the usual manner. A small
projection C is formed at the ends of the blank so that the fastener can be opened
or closed more easily without danger of injuring the fingers.
In Figs. 15 and 16, one spike is employed at one end stamped from within the
edge of the blank, and two on the edge on the other end. In Figs. 17 to 28
the various forms of spikes are shown applied to a modified shape of blank. The
arms D are formed at the sides of the blank, projecting for a suitable distance at
right angles to make the ticket holder. These arms are bent over to clip the
ticket or like article as before described referring to Specification No. 19,441
of 1894.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) In an improved fastener for paper and the like made from a blank of sheet
metal bent over upon itself at or about the centre and having a spike or spikes on
each side, forming the blank by bulging or perforating so that the centre is
relatively weak and the sides relatively strong.
(2.) In an improved fastener for papers and the like, made from a sheet metal
blank bent over upon itself having a spike on one side to take into a recess upon
the other side, weakening the blank at the centre by perforating, substantially as
described.
(3.) In an improved fastener for papers and the like formed from a blank of
sheet metal bent at the centre and having two or more spikes engaging with the
paper strengthening the two ends by bulging or bending out a portion of the metal,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
(4.) In an improved fastener for paper and the like formed from a blank of
sheet metal bent at the centre and having two or more spikes engaging with
the paper, weakening the centre of the blank by perforations, substantially as
described.
(5.) In a fastener for paper and the like, formed from a blank of sheet metal
bent at the centre, and having a portion bulged out at each end, a spike at each
end stamped from the material of the blank substantially as described and shown
in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, and for the purposes specified.
(6.) In an improved paper fastener and ticket holder formed from a metal blank
bent at the middle, aud having a spike or spikes engaging with the paper, projecting
arms at each side of the centre, and a portion at each end bulged out substantially
as described and shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings, and for the purposes
specified.
(7.) In a fastener for paper and the like, formed from a blank of sheet metal
bent at the centre and having a portion bulged out at each end, two spikes one
projecting from the end of the blank and the other stamped from it, substantially
as described and shown in Figs. 5 and 6 and for the purposes specified.
(8.) An improved paper fastener and ticket holder, formed from a blank of sheet
metal doubled at the centre, having a central arm at each side, a portion bulged
out at each end, and two spikes, one projecting from the extremity of the blank
and the other stamped from the same, substantially as described and shown in
Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings, and for the purposes specified.
(9.) In a fastener for paper and the like, formed from a metal blank bent at the
centre, and bulged out at each end, of a spike projecting from each end of the
blank, substantially as described and shown in Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings, and
for the purposes specified.
(10.) An improved paper fastener and ticket holder, formed from a blank of
sheet metal bent at the centre, and provided with projecting arms at each side, the
metal being bulged out at each end, having a spike projecting from each end,
substantially as described in Figs. 11 and 12 of the drawings, and for the purposes
specified.
(11.) In an improved fastener for paper and the like, formed from a blank of
sheet metal at the centre, and provided with retaining spikes, a central perforation
weakening the middle of the blank, substantially as described and for the purposes
specified.
(12.) An improved fastener for paper and the like formed from a blank of sheet
metal having a spike stamped from the blank at each end, and a central perforation
weakening it at the middle, substantially as described in Figs. 13 and 14 of the
accompanying drawings and for the purposes specified.
(13.) An improved paper fastener and ticket holder formed from a blank of
sheet metal with a projecting arm at each side, a central perforation and retaining

page_text: spikes at each end, substantially as described and shown in Figs. 15 and 16 of the
drawings and for the purposes specified.
(14.) In a fastener for paper and the like, formed from a blank of sheet metal
bent at the centre, narrowing the central portion and forming a spike at each end
of the blank substantially as described in Figs. 17 and 18 of the drawings and for
the purposes specified.
(15.) In an improved paper fastener and ticket holder formed from a blank of
sheet metal, bent at the centre and furnished with a projecting arm at each side.
narrowed at the central portion and provided with a retaining spike at each
end, substantially as described and shown in Figs. 19 and 20 of the drawings and
for the purposes specified.
(16.) In a fastener for paper and the like, formed from a blank of sheet metal
bent at the centre and having the central portion narrowed, a spike stamped from
the blank at one end and two spikes projecting from the other extremity,
substantially as described and shown in Figs. 21 and 22 of the drawings and for
the purposes specified.
(17.) An improved paper fastener and ticket holder, formed from a blank of
sheet metal, narrowed and bent at the centre and provided with a projecting arm
at each side, and having a spike stamped from the blank at one end, and two
spikes projecting from the other extremity, substantially as described in Figs. 23
and 24 of the drawings, and for the purposes specified..
(18.) In a fastener for paper and the like, formed from a blank of sheet metal
narrowed and bent at the middle, a spike stamped from the blank at each end,.
substantially as described and shown in Figs. 25 and 26 of the drawings and for
the purposes specified.
(19.) An improved paper fastener and ticket holder formed from a blank of
sheet metal narrowed and bent at the centre and provided with a projecting arm at
each side, and two spikes at one end, substantially as described and shown in.
Figs. 27 and 28 of the accompanying drawings, and for the purposes specified.
Dated this 21st day of September 1896.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant..