IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING CARPET AND OTHER SIMILAR PILED OR LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Joseph Delmar, of No. 8, Brodie Street,
Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING CARPET
AND OTHER SIMILAR PILED OR LOOPED FABRICS."
Sealed the 7th March 1873, and dated the 13th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Joseph Delmar
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th September 1872.
I, JAMES JOSEPH DELMAR, of No. 8, Brodie Street, Old Kent Road,
in the County of Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING
CARPET AND OTHER SIMILAR PILED OR LOOPED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to carpet and other similar piled or looped
fabrics, and has for its object to produce a material for the manufacture
of such fabrics made of all kinds of hair.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Joseph Delmar in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
JOSEPH DELMAR, of No. 8, Brodie Street, Old Kent Road, in the County
of Surrey, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Joseph Delmar, Her special
licence that I, the said James Joseph Delmar, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Joseph Delmar,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrec
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING CARPET AND OTHER SIMILAR
PILED OR LOOPED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Joseph Delmar, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Joseph Delmar, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of carpets and other piled or
looped fabrics with a warp of spun hair.
In practising my said Invention I take any kind of hide hair and first
wash, and then carefully dry it. The hair is then sorted on a screen or

page_text: sieve to separate the portions of different qualities and colours from cach
other.
The hair is then carded or milled to prepare it for spinning; some of
the softer kinds of hair may be carded and spun at the same time, that is
to say, they may be spun from the carding engine; the longer kinds of
hair will have to be milled before being spun, or must be subjected to the
action of very short or thick toothed cards; but they may be spun by
a spinning wheel, by hand, or by a jack.
After the hair is spun it is warped according to the number of threads
required for the work; there being more threads required for rich work
than for poor work; the warps are then laid on the beam, passed through
the harness, and drawn through the reed to the breast roll, or otherwise
arranged. These warps are to form the pile. For the ground I may use
warps of any suitable material such as hemp, flax, jute, or the like.
These warps are laid on the beam, passed through the same harness and
through the same reed as the aforesaid pile warps, and they are taken to
the same breast roll; there are three threads in each dent, one for the
pile and two for the ground. The shoot or weft may be of hemp, twine,
cotton, or other suitable material.
I use the softer kinds of the hair for the manufacture of velvet or
plush. Mohair, seal, kangaroo, and rabbit hair will be found very
suitable for such work. For making carpets and other similar pile or
loop fabrics I prefer to use goat hair, camel hair, and the softer kinds of
bison hair, while for other pile fabrics I use a stiffer kind of hair such as
the hair of the gnu, the pig, and the stiffer portion of the hair of the
bison. There are upon some hides many different qualities of hair and
portions of different colour, for instance some hides may have the hair
white, cream coloured, sorel, light and dark grey, silvery brown and
black. These differently coloured portions of hair may be used dyed or
or undyed; some of the natural colours of the hair will be very suitable for
many parts of figured fabrics, for instance, in a fabrio with a pattern of
roses and leaves the red portions may be produced by using thread made
of the sorcl coloured hair dyed to give it a more intense colour. Or this
red warp may be made of the white hair dyed; for the green leaves the
the thread must be made of white hair dyed. If the ground is to be
light it may be produced by the white or cream coloured hair undyed
after well washing the same, and for a dark ground I may use hair of
any suitable color dyed or undyed.

page_text: Having thus described my said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same I wish it understood that I do not confine myself to
any particular mode of manufacturing carpets or other piled or looped
fabrics except as regards the use of spun hide hair for the pile or loop
of such fabrics as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Joseph Delmar, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
j
JAMES EDWARDS,
JAMES JOSEPH DELMAR. (L.S.)
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
j