IMPROVEMENTS ON MY IMPROVED STRETCHING MACHINE
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL PERSONS TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
SAMUEL MORAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twelfth day of April, in the fourth year of His reign,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Morand, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, His especial licence that I, the said Samuel Morand,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS ON MY IMPROVED STRETCHING MACHINE," for which I obtained
Letters Patent, dated the Fourteenth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-one;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that if I, the said Samuel Morand, should not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Samuel Morand, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are set forth and described
in manner following, and with reference to the Drawings contained in two
Sheets hereunto annexed.
In order to render more intelligible the description of my said improvements,
I shall set forth a full description of the whole machine comprising my said
improvements, and the said improvements may be ascertained and distin-
guished from my said improved stretching machine, for which the said
Letters Patent of the Fourteenth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-one, were granted to me, by comparing these Presents with the
Instrument or Specification which I caused to be inrolled in the High Court
of Chancery on the Twelfth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-one, pursuant to the said last-mentioned Letters Patent, subject to the
declarations herein-after contained limiting the extent of my claim. And
under the general term "my machine" herein-after used, I intend to include
the said machine with my said improvements.
Sheet 1, Figure 1, is a horizontal plan of my said machine, in which n
piece of cloth or other fabric is represented as passing through the machine.
The dotted lines in the Figare indicate the situation of parts which cannot be
seen in this view.
Figure 2, a longitudinal sectional elevation of my said machine, together
with certain accessary parts, consisting of a series of cylinders and a series of
rollers for conducting the fabric to be stretched to the stretching chains, and
also an apparatus for drying the same fabric.
Sheet 2, Figure 3, a longitudinal oxternal elevation of my said machine.
Figure 4, an elevation of that end of my said machine at which the fabric
to be stretched is intruduced, together with the accessary series of cylinders
and rollers. Part of the rollers is here represented as broken off, in order to
shew the parts of the machine behind.
Figure 5, an elevation of that end of my said machine at which the fabric is
delivered from the chains after it has undergone the operation of stretching,
comprising two dofling cylinders, part of which is hero represented as broken
off, in order to shew the parts of the machine behind.
Figure 6, a transverse sectional elevation of my said machine, and Figure 7
a longitudinal sectional elevation of part thereof; which Figures 6 and 7
shew the positions of the chain, rails, and one of the adjusting screws, and
also the flues of my said accessary apparatus for drying the fabric.
Figure 8, a horizontal plan of the principal constituents of that part of my

page_text: said machine at which the fabric to be stretched is introduced, and of that
part along which it receives a progressively increased degree of stretching.
To avoid crowding the Figure, and also to shew the situation of parts lying
beneath others, some portions of the apparatus are represented as broken off,
and others indicated only by dotted lines.
Figures 9, 9 a, 10, 10 a, 10 b, 11, 11 a, 12, 12 a, 13, 14, 14 a, 15, 15 a, 16,
and 16a, represent several of the parts of the mechanism and apparatus of my
said machine, and which parts are herein-after particularly described or referred
to. The same letters or numbers of reference are employed to designate the
same parts of my said machine in all the several Figures in which they occur;
and in order to avoid in the following description the multiplied use of the
same letter or number of reference when referring to several similar or
corresponding parts marked with the same letter or number in the Figure or
Figures in which they occur, I declare that by a reference to any single letter.
or number, I intend to refer to and designate all the parts (if more than one)
marked therewith in any Figure or Figures in which the same occur. My
said machine, as used by me, is set up in a fire-proof building, of which the
parts marked A are the external walls, B the ground floor, C the first floor
above. On this first floor my machine is placed. D, the second floor above,
forming the roof or ceiling of the room in which my machine is placed;
E, F, partition walls, which, together with the floors C and D, and the side
walls, form a stove for drying the fabric as it passes through the machine;
G is a furnace for heating the stove and communicating with the flue H,
which passes through and along the machine, and has its outlet through the
transverse flue I, formed in the said first floor, and at the chimney of which a
section J is shewn in Figure 1. K, Figure 2, is a flue formed in the brick-
work of and surrounding the furnace G, and receives the external air through
the openings L, seen best in Figure 5. The air, being heated in its passage
through the flue K, is received into the flue M, formed under and separate
from the smoke flue H. The flue M is further supplied with heated air
from a range of pipes; N, Figure 5, receiving the external air, and passing
through the top of the furnace into the flue M, as shown in Figure 2. The
beated air thus collected in the flue M passes upwards through a series of flat
cast-iron pipes O, the situation of which is designated by the dotted parallelo-
grams in Figure 1, and vertical sections of which are shewn in Figures 2
and 7. These admit the heated air into the upper flue P. This flue further
receives a supply of steam, through a steam pipe Q, from the boiler of a steam
engine or other magazine of steam. The upper surface or cover of the flue l',
as constructed by me, consists of plates of sheet iron R, joined together, and

page_text: which are closely perforated with small holes, through which the heated air
and steam issue against the under surface of the fabric as it passes through
the machine. Some of the perforations are seen at S in the cover R, in
Figure 1, the whole of which cover must be considered as perforated in the
saine way. Tare the sides, and T 1 are the ends of the frame of my said
machine, within which frame the several flues already described are enclosed,
and the iron plates or other metallic materials forming the flues are attached
to the sides T, in the usual way, by bolts and flanches. To the sides T are
fixed externally the several pedestals U for carrying and supporting the
several right and left hand screws V, W, X, Y, Z, and the driving shaft (,
which receives motion from the steam engine or other first mover through the
bovel wheels a 1 and a 2, or by any suitable means, within the said side
frame T. At the end at which the fabric is introduced is a smaller frame 1,
carried on pins o sliding in boxes p fixed to the sides T. On the frame / the
series of rollers, made of iron or other suitable materials, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k,
are mounted. The frame may be moved or traversed transversely between
the side frames T to the extent of about two inches, by means of a pinion m
and rack n, best seen in Figure 8, and worked by a segment handle n 2. At
the other end of the said machine is also carried by the said frame T a dofting
roller 7. which is covered with cards of the sort commonly used in carding
cotton, and receives motion from the driving shaft a, by means of the pallies
9a and 96, and endless strap 9 c. The dofling roller 9 may be raised or lowered
in its carriers, as may be necessary to doff the cloth properly from the pins of
the stretching chains herein-after described. Beneath this doffing roller q is n
second and smaller doffing roller r, made of wood, tin, or other suitable
material, and made to run much quicker than the doffing roller q, by means
of the train of spur wheels s, t, u, shewn in Figure S. is a long wrought-
iron shaft, supported also by brackets and steps from one of the side frames
T. It receives motion from a mitre wheel w, fixed on the end of the driving
shaft a, and which wheel w works into the two corresponding mitre wheels .
and y, by means of which two mitre wheels and y, and the double catch
box, the shaft v may be made to turn either one way round or the other.
The catch box is moved by means of a double lever and rod 1 and 2, seen in
Figure 3. The use of the said shaft v, with its double motion, is to move, by
means of the four pair of mitre wheels,, the right and left hand screws
V, W, X, Y, either to the right or to the left, and thereby, and by means of
the spur wheels 7, 76, which drive the right and left hand screws Z, to cause
the boxes or nuts 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 on the said screws to approach the centre
of the said machine, or to recede therefrom. The spur wheels 7 a, 7 b are fixed

page_text: one on the end of the screw Y, the other on the end of the screw Z. 8 are a
pair of rails attached to and carried by the said boxes or nuts, and extending
from the driving shaft a to the right and left hand screw Z, as seen in Figures
1, 2, and 3. Each rail is formed with a groove, best seen in Figure 13, which
is a transverse section of one of the rails. The inner sides and surfaces of the
rail are made sinooth and true from one end of the rail to the other, to admit
of the endless chain herein-after described sliding freely over the same when
the machine is at work. The screw boxes or nuts, and the mode of attaching
the rails thereto, are seen in Figures 6 and 7. Each of the rails has two
joints or hinges, marked in each rail respectively 9 and 10, which, by means
of an elliptical hole in the middle knuckle of each joint, shown in Figures 9
and 9a, admit of that part of each rail included between the said joints being
placed out of the right line, or at angles with the other parts of the rail. The
form of these joints is best seen in Figure 9, which is a side clevation, and
Figure 9a, which is a plan of one of the said joints. The parts of the rails
included between the points 10 and 11 in each rail are placed parallel to each
other. The end 11 of the rail is represented on a larger scale in Figure 15,
which is a side elevation, and 15 a, which is an end elevation thereof. This
end of each rail is formed with a box or cavity, to admit of the driving pulley
13, and the chain carried thereby revolving within it. The parts between the
joint 9 and the driving shaft a are also placed parallel to each other. 12 are
two pullies placed on the driving shaft a, and drive the endless chain herein-
after described. The driving shaft a, upon which the driving pullies are
placed, is made smooth and parallel from one end to the other, and has
a small steel key or fillet let into its side, and standing out therefrom
about a quarter of an inch, so that the pullies placed on the said shaft
may be made to traverse freely in the direction of its length, by means
of a fork formed in the end of each rail, and also represented in Figure 16,
which is a side elevation, and Figure 16 a, which is an end elevation
of the forked end of the rail. The said pullies 12 are carried round
with the shaft, when in motion, by means of the steel key or fillet. The
form of the chain pullies is best shewn in Figures 14 and 14 a, the
former of which represents a side view of one of the said pullies with the
shaft a and its key in section, and the latter an edge or face view.
A segment
of the upper part being cut away, it will be seen that holes are sunk in the
face or periphery of the wheel to receive and hold the under projections or
nogs of the links of the endless chain seen in Figure 10, and thereby to drive
the same chain. At the opposite end of the machine are corresponding
pullies, marked 13, of the same size and form on the periphery as the pullies

page_text: 12. These pullies are made to revolve on the screw boxes or nuts 7, which
are placed on the right and left hand screw Z, and consequently traverse
along with the said boxes or nuts when the said screw is put in motion. The
threads of the screw Z are cut in the opposite direction to the threads of the
screw Y, so that, although the screw Y turns in an opposite direction to the
screw Z, by means of the spur wheels 7 a, 7 b, yet the boxes or nuts on both
those screws advance or recede in the same direction; and as the right and
left hand screw Y is of the same pitch as the right and left hand screw Z,
consequently the screw boxes or nuts on the screw Y traverse at the same
rate, and parallel with the boxes or nuts on the screw Z, when motion is
communicated to the said screws.
Over each pair of the said chain pullies 12 and 18, and in the recesses of
the chain rails 8, the endless stretching chains which I am about to describe
are placed and made to revolve when the machine is in motion. A portion
of the chain is shewn in Figures 10 and 10 a, of which 10 represents a side
elevation, and 10 a, a horizontal plan. The chain cousists of short links made
of cast iron or other suitable metal. The form of the links will be best
understood by reference to the Drawings. The joint pins by which the links
are connected are made to fit tight in, and are rivetted into the outer knuckles
of the said links, but to fit loose in the middle knuckle of the corresponding
link, the knuckles themselves having a little play in their jointings, in order
to give to the said chain, when put together, sufficient lateral flexibility to
prevent its being strained or injured when passing the angles formed in the
rails by the joints 9 and 10. Each alternate link has a projection or nog
formed on its under surface, as seen in Figure 10, and also in Figure 10 b
which is a transverse view of one of such links as cut through the centre of
the said nog or projection. This projecting part is placed in and runs along
the groove or race of the chain rail, a transverse section of which is shewn in
Figure 13. Screwed down to the upper surface of the links of the said chain
are brass plates of the form shown in the Drawings, Figures 10, 10 a, and 10 b,
into which steel or iron pins or needles' points are driven fast, protruding on
the upper side to such length or height as is suitable to the thickness or
quality of the fabric to be stretched upon the machine. The pins have a
slight inclination on leaning outwards, to give them a better hold on the fabric.
The height of pins which I find most adapted to general purposes is about one
eighth of an inch from the surface of the brass plate. In Figures 10 and 10 a
some of the links are shown without the brass plates. In the course of their
revolution the chains pass over the driving pullies 12 to the under side of the
same pullies. Thence onwards to and over carrying pullies, one of which only,

page_text: marked 16, is seen in the Drawing, and which carrying pullies are grooved to
admit of the passage of the chains over them without injury to the pins.
Thence onwards under the binding pullies, one of which only, marked 19, is
scen in the Drawings, which are grooved in their faces or peripheries to
receive the nogs of the chains, and which binding pullies may be pressed down
by weights so as to regulate the tension of the chains. To protect and support
the said endless chains in their return from under the driving pullies 12 to the
carrying pullies 16, light railways 17 are suspended from the upper rails 8, by
means of thin strips of hoop iron, cach marked 18, and which last-mentioned
railways are best seen in section in Figure 6. Over each rail are fixed two
pulleys which I call the pricking pulleys, by which the selvages of the fabric
about to be stretched are pressed down and fastened on the pins of the chains,
sec 31 and 32, in Figures 2 and 3, in each of which Figures one rail only
and its two pricking pulleys are seen.
There
Figure 11 is a side elevation, and Figure 11 a an end elevation of one of
the pullies, with its bearings and adjuncts. The periphery of the pulley is
formed of bristles, as shown in Figures 11 and 11 a, fastened in a metal rim,
and supported on each side by brass plates so as to make a moderately dense
brush, the purpose of which is to force or prick the fabric on the pins of the
chains. The pulley is mounted on an axle 47, carried by a sliding frame,
which admits of the pulley rising when the cloth comes double by the joining
of two ends together, or any other occasion requires. The sliding frame is
suspended by a screw and nut 47 a, by which the pressure of the bristles
upon the fabric is regulated, as shewn in the Figures referred to.
is also an adjusting screw form'd on the end of the axle 47, upon which
the said pulley revolves, by which the periphery of the said pulley can be
placed exactly perpendicular over the pins. In order to keep close, as far as
may be, the openings which are formed in the partition walls E and F, to
admit of the pair of rails 8 being set more or less apart, according to the
width of the cloth under operation, a set of folding and unfolding iron shutters,
shown in Figure 12, which is an elevation thereof, and in Figure 12 a, which
is a plan thereof, are adopted at each end of the stove. These shutters are
made fast to the rails at the plain parts 50, Figure 12, and also to the sides of
the frame 51, which fits into the said opening in the partition wall.
Figure 12 a shews the manner in which the shutters are jointed, the wings
52, outside of the respective rails, being in an unfolded state, and the wings
53, between the rails, in a folded state. By these means, when the rails are
set further apart, the inner wings of the shutters are more unfolded, and the
outer ones inore folded, and vice versa.

page_text: In Figures 4 and 5 the spaces 54 and 55, which these shutters occupy at the
respective ends of the stove, are left white. Immediately above the openings
for the shutters are the windows of the stove which in Figures 4 and 5 are
shaded blue. 20, Figures 2 and 4, are a series of steam cylinders, which may
be heated by steam or not; but the heating thereof, by steam or otherwise,
does not form any part of my Invention. Over these cylinders the cloth
passes in its way to the stretching machine. These cylinders are carried by a
suspended frame 21, which frame, together with the said cylinders, may be
moved or traversed in the direction of the right or the left of the machine
above, by means of the wheel handle marked 22. Figure 1, the small bevel
wheels marked 23. Figure 4, the short screw marked 24. Figure 4 and the
plain grooved pullies marked 25 in Figures 2 and 4, running in the short rail-
way 26, seen also in Figures 2 and 4. 27 is a small roller covered with cards,
over which the cloth is made to pass in the first instance, and thereby receives
a tension in its way to the steam cylinders and to the machine, by means of
friction given to the said card roller by the usual means of a weight and strap
or otherwise. 28 is a small roller to conduct the cloth from the steam cylin
ders through the long slot or opening 29 formed in the first floor of the build-
ing to the machine above. To perform the operation of stretching by my said
machine, if the cloth to be stretched, is, for instance, twenty-six inches wide,
and an additional width of four inches is wanted, then the distance between
the parallel parts of the rails and chains included in that part of their length
between the driving pullies 12 and the joints 9 must be set so as to give
about 29 inches and three quarters from outside to outside of the chain pins
across the machine. I then set the short parallel part of the rails and chains
included in the length from the joints 10 to the ends 11 of the rails, to such
a width as shall be from outside to outside of the pins about a quarter
of an inch less than the width of the fabric in its unstretched state; hence,
that part of the rails included within the distance between the joints 9 and 10
will not be parallel, but will diverge so as to form a regular increase in width
from the short to the long parallel part of the rails, and in this state the
machine is ready to receive the fabric to be stretched. When the fabric is to
be stretched, it must be in a damp state. If it has recently undergone the
operation of stiffening or other similar operation, by which it has been
thoroughly moistened, it may have retained sufficient moisture from such
operation; but otherwise I use water or stiffening for damping. It is then
brought, gathered into plates, or folds, or upon rollers, or in any other con-
venient manner, on the platform 30 below the steam cylinders 20. It is then
passed in the direction of the arrows, Figure 2, over the card roller 27, over

page_text: and under alternately the steam cylinders 20, under the guide roller 28,
through the slot opening 29, in the first floor, and over and under alternately
the rollers b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, h. The fabric being brought to this point is
taken by the attendant, who places the selvedges evenly on the ends of the
rails at 11, and under the pricking pullies 31, where the chains with their pins
first make their appearance above the rails as they revolve over the chain
pullies 13. By this means the cloth is fastened on the pins by the pressure
of the brush edges of the revolving pricking pullies 31, and is carried forward
by the chains and pins under the further pricking pullies 32, by which the
cloth is still more effectually secured on the pins. When the cloth arrives at
this point, the stretching, commences and continues, progressively increasing
throughout the length of the rail, from this point to the joints 9, where tho
rails cease to diverge, and consequently no further stretching takes place.
The fabric is thence carried forward along the remaining parallel parts of the
rails during its progress, along which it may be dryed by the application of
heat in any suitable manner; but the application of heat forms no part of my
Invention my apparatus for this purpose I have herein-before described.
When my said apparatus for drying is employed, the steam and heated air
arising from the system of flues before described are allowed to penetrate and
surround the fabric in its passage through the stove formed as herein-before
mentioned, and afterwards to pass off through a flue in the upper part of the
stove, the situation of which is designated by dotted lines 34, in Figure 1, by
which means a constant circulation through the stove is promoted. When
the fabric arrives at the end of the machine, where the chains descend over
the driving pullies 12, it is taken or stript off the pins of the chains by means
of the doffing roller 7; and to prevent the fabric so taken off by the said
doffing roller from adhering to the cards, and being thereby carried further
round by the same than is proper, the second small doffing roller r is made to
revolve at a quicker speed than the said card doffing roller behind the fabric,
as it descends through the slot opening 38 in the floor of the building. The
fabric, as it descends through the said slot opening, is received into the room
below on a table or roller, to be plaited or rolled up as occasion may require.
Whilst the machine is in operation, an attendant at the front of the machine,
where the fabric is received, takes care that the fabric is presented and continues
to be presented to the pins of the chains. If he finds that the short parallel
part of the rails from the joints 10 to the ends 11 have been set too wide or too
narrow, be adjusts them the following means, by which the right and left hand
screws Y and Z can be turned at the pleasure of the attendant, independently
of the means provided for turning those screws by the shaft v, namely:-In

page_text: the first place, the connection between the shaft vand the screw Y is suspende
by drawing a catch box 2 out of geer with the adjacent wheel on the shaf
, so as to admit of the screws Y and Z being moved in the following manner
-36 is one of a pair of treddles, one of which is placed at each side of the
machine; the one marked 36 is seen in Figures 3, 4, and 8, and the situa
tion of the other, 37, is shewn in Figuro 2, and indicated by the dotted lines
37, Figure 8, which represent part of that treddle. The treddles are mounted
on pivots, of which the pivots 40 and 40 a belonging to the treddle 36 ard
alone shewn in the Drawing, Figure 8; the pivots belonging to the treddle
37 are placed in a corresponding manner on the opposite side of the machine.
At the back end of each treddle, immediately under the centre of the screw
Y, one end of the connecting rods (36 a) and (37 b), best seen in Figure 3,
is fixed with joints attached to the outer ends of levers 41 and 42, best seen in
Figure 8, which levers ride freely upon the bosses of the fly wheels 43 and 44,
which fly wheels are made fast to the screw Y, and upon the bosses of the
said fly wheels the ratchet wheels 45 and 46 aro fixed; and corresponding with
the notches of the said ratchet wheels a catch or pal is fixed to the outer end
of each lever 41 and 42, together with the top end of the connecting rods
already described, so that when the fore end of either treddle is pressed down
towards the floor by the foot of the attendant, or otherwise, motion is commu-
nicated to the said screw Y. It is to be observed, that one treddle with its
connecting rod lever and adjuncts work on the near side of the screw Y, and
the other on the far side, so that the said screw Y may be turned either way
at pleasure, and thus by a repetition of strokes from the treddle produced by
the action of the foot and the balance balls on the lower parts of the con-
necting rods shown in the Figures, it is evident that the short parallel part of
the rails attached to the screws Y and Z can be widened or narrowed at
pleasure, one treddle being used for increasing the distance between the said
parallel rails, and the other for diminishing the same; but while one of the
ratchet wheels is in action, the catch belonging to the other ratchet wheel is
thrown out of geer by means of a stop pin 41 a, 42 a, or any other similar
contrivance. Instead of acting on the treddles by the foot, the same object
may be accomplished by turning either of the fly wheels 43 and 44 by the
hand. In case the fabric when brought to the machine is placed too much to
the right or left of the centre of the machine, then, instead of shifting the
cloth on the platform 30, the person in attendance, by means of the wheel
handle 22, and the traverse motion connected therewith and already described,
moves the suspended frame 21 more to the left or right, as may be required,
so as to adjust the situation of the said frame, and, consequently, of the plat-

page_text: form 30 and the fabric upon it, as may be necessary to bring the fabric evenly
to the rails; but if a slight irregularity in the position or direction of the same
piece of cloth or fabric as it comes from the small rollers b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k,
to the rails should still occur, then, in order that the selvedge of the cloth may
not miss the pins as the fabric is delivered from the said small rollers, the
attendant, by means of the segment handle n2, and the traverse motion of the
frame which carries the said small rollers already described, moves the said
rollers and the fabric thereon right or left, as may be required, until by the
adjustment of the steam cylinders and small rollers the fabric attains the
proper position or direction. In addition to the two lines of rails with their
chains and adjuncts already described, a third rail and chain 56 may be intro-
duced, if thought fit, along the middle of the machine in those cases where
the fabric will admit of it without injury, as, for instance, where the fabric has a
selvedge along its centre, or is intended to be afterwards cut along the centre.
When such third chain and rail are used, they must of course be accompanied
with pricking pullies suspended on proper bearings over the rail, and with
a driving pulley and other suitable adjuncts. Where no third rail is to be
used, the representation of such third rail and its adjuncts in the Drawings,
where the same occur, must be considered as omitted. The different scales to
which the several Figures contained in the annexed Drawings are drawn are
marked or stated on the same Drawings, but the size, length, and other pro-
portions, as well as the materials of which the parts of the machine are to be
composed, may be varied at the discretion of the constructor, according to the
description of cloth or fabric to be stretched by it; and although I have
partially described-the form and nature of the building in which I use the said
machine, yet such description is to be considered merely accidental, and not
essential to the construction or operation of my said machine.
I have now described my improved stretching machine, incorporating my
said last improvements, and explained the mode of using the same; and I
have herein-before stated that my said improvements may be distinguished and
ascertained from my improved stretching machine, for which the former
Letters Patent of the Fourteenth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-one, were granted to me, by comparing these Presents with the
Instrument or Specification enrolled by me pursuant to such last-mentioned
Letters Patent, subject to declarations herein contained, limiting the extent of
my claim.
Now I do hereby declare that I do not claim as part of my said improve-
ments the furnace, flues, stove, and apparatus for drying, herein-before de-
scribed, or any part thereof, or any of the adjuncts thereto, nor do I claim

page_text: any of the other several parts which on such comparison of these Presents with
my said former Specification will appear to have been by me added to or
altered in my said former improved stretching machine in their individual or
independent character, but only the arrangement and application thereof in the
manner and for the purposes hercin-before described, and as forming im-
provements on my said improved stretching machine for which I obtained the
said former Letters Patent, and so far only as the same are not comprised
or included in my said former stretching machine, or in my said former
Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Morand, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.