Improvements in the Manufacture of Pattern Makers' Cup Dowels.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Pattern Makers' Cup
Dowels.
We, JOSEPH JENNENS and THOMAS EDWARD JENNENS of the Firm of
J. & T. E. Jennens of Villa Street Aston Manor near Birmingham in the County
of Warwick Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PATTERN MAKERS CUP DOWELS," and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of Pattern Makers cup dowels con-
sisting essentially of a cup or ferrule having upon its outer surface inclined annular
rings for the purpose of retaining the said cup or ferrule in position after having
been driven home into the half of a pattern. These cup dowels are usually made
by the process of casting, or from blanks cut from brass rods which are finished by
drilling turning and filing.
Our invention consists in manufacturing cup dowels by the process or com-
bination of processes hereinafter described, whereby great economy is effected in
the manufacture; and further, the articles so produced are more perfect and true,
than can be produced by the ordinary means.
In carrying out our invention, we take a thick disc or blank of strong sheet
brass, or other ductile metal or alloy, and by means of dies and pressure, we shape
the disc first into a shallow cup, and then by a subsequent drawing through process,
into a tube closed at one end, which tube when shaped and finished, constitutes the
dowel cup. The inclined annular rings upon the outer surface and the piercing in
the bottom may be effected during the shaping or by a subsequent process.
When a very thick disc is employed; the shaping tool raises the metal out of the
middle of the disc, without the necessity of shaping the disc into a cup.
The alternative method is performed by taking a short length of thick tubing,
and by raising tools, closing one end so as to form a closed bottom, but leaving a
small hole at the extreme crown.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, figure 2 is a vertical section, figure 3 is a plan of
the upper side, and figure 4 is a plan of the underside of a cup dowel made
according to our invention.
In producing the said cup dowel, we take a disc figure 5, and by means of dies
and pressure, it is raised into the shallow cup figure 6, which is subsequently
elongated by a drawing through process, into a short tube, with a closed bottom, as
shown in section at figure 7. The external surface is then shaped, so as to produce
the annular taper rings (shown at figure 8) which retain the dowel in the material
in which it may have been driven, as represented in figure 9.

page_text: a is the cup dowel, a' is its mouth, a³ are the annular taper corrugations and a*
are the piercings at its bottom.
The annular corrugations a³ may be produced by turning or they may be
produced or shaped in a disc of the exact external conformation or shape as the
dowel. This die is split or divided in order to remove the dowel after the shaping
has been effected.
In figure 9 the peg dowel is shown within the cup, as when in use. The said
peg dowel constitutes no part of our invention.
The disc from which the dowel figure 1 is made, instead of being a thin disc as
shown at figure 5, it is made from a thick disc figure 10. Figure 11'is a plan of
the same.
This disc figure 10 is placed in a die 6 figure 12, and by the descent
of a shaping tool c, worked in a stamp, the block or thick disc figure 10 is raised
into a cup dowel a as represented in figure 13, the raising and shaping being effected
at either one, two or more processes.
The removal of the dowel from the die is effected by a knocker out d.
Instead of raising the cup dowel from a disc, it may be shaped from a short
length of tubing, shown in section figure 14. This tubing is forced into the cavity
or mould figure 12 or into a die of the exact external form of the dowel to be
produced. Or the end may be closed by a spinning process.
Thus by a shaping process, or processes, one end of the short length of tubing
figure 14 is gathered in, or enclosed as represented in figure 15, leaving the small
hole a at its bottom. Figure 16 represents the finished cup dowel produced with
wedge like annular rings, produced either during the time of the shaping process
or subsequently thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
First.—Making cup dowels from a disc or blank of sheet metal, which is raised
by means of dies and pressure, first into a shallow cup, and then by a subsequent
drawing through and shaping process into a dowel cup substantially as described
and illustrated in figures 1 to 8 both inclusive of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Making cup dowels from a thick cylindrical disc or blank of metal, by
raising a cavity within its middle, and at the same process raising a blank into a
cup dowel by dies, tools and pressure, substantially as described and illustrated in
figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. Making or forming cup dowels from a blank, in the form of a short
length of tubing by closing or gathering in one end, and giving the required shape
thereto by dies and pressure, substantially as described and illustrated in figures 14,
15 and 16.
Fourthly. Shaping or forming the annular rings a³ by dies and pressure,
substantially as described, but not illustrated.
....
D