REFRIGE- RATING AND ICE MACHINES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM HEAWORD WOOD of New York city United States of America
mechanical engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for REFRIGE-
RATING AND ICE MACHINES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to refrigerating or ice apparatuses in which the refrigerating
effect is obtained by the evaporation of a volatile liquid.
compressed by a pump into the condenser and then liquified ready to be again
The vapors of which are
subjected to the process of evaporation.
The object of my invention is the following, first To prevent over heating of
the pump cylinder which is the cause of loss of motive power, Second to effect
a more perfect stuffing box of the pump Third to provide a releif valve for the
pump cylinder, Fourth to provide a vessel for receiving the lubricating fluid
so that the quantity used can be known to have passed through the automatic
lubricating pump to the machine, Fifth to provide an improved receiver for
the gas before entering the condenser, Sixth in providing valve box forming
head of cylinder and valves less subject to wear and tear and accompanied with
less noise when at work. Seventh. in providing duplicate condenser and refrigerator
so that no stoppage can be occasioned by leakage of either one or the other,
Eighth in providing improved vapor cocks for operating the machine.
My invention consists first of the prevention of overheating of the pump cylinders
by causing a diffusion valve chamber to be placed between the refrigerator and the
vacuum side of the pump in which a small amount of the liquid ammonia is
injected through atomizing nozzle inside said valve so that the more rarified vapor
froin the refrigerator may be partly saturated in its passage to the pump which will
be evaporated by the heat generated in compressing the gas in the pump, Second
by placing the stuffing box inside the pump cylinder in which no gas is admitted
only that which may escape by the piston in the lubricating fluid The recess in
the stuffing box encircling the rod will be covered in the said lubricating fluid
which will prevent the escape of any of the vapor outside the pump, Third in
providing a releif pressure valve on the pump cylinder in case more lubricating
fluid having collected than the clearance would allow for it can be forced out
through said valve without causing damage to the pump, Fourth in providing
a vessel by which the quantity of lubricating fluid used can be known and auto-
matically put into the pump cylinder by the lubricating pump operated by lever
and weight from the cam of cold water pump, the lever and weight being lifted
D

page_text: supply the power to elevate the lubricating fluid to the pump so that the exact
quantity may be put in as required for the speed at which the pump is worked,
Fifth in providing a receiver for the gas with preferably a cast iron bottom with
a jacket for water and with a cone projecting towards the bottom for preventing
any saponified lubricating matter being lifted by the action of the gas and in case 5
more lubricating fluid being passed through the pump than is required causing the
same to froth or combine with the gas. The trays which are supported round
the inlet pipe having a number of small holes in them to arrest the progress of the
lubricating fluid being carried into the condensing coil, Sixth the providing a
separate valve box forming head of pumps having valves after the equilibrium 1
type which will to an extent prevent the hammering out of the valve facings and
decrease noise of working said machine. Seventh In providing an extra duplicate
condenser and refrigerator to prevent stopping the machine in case of leakage in
the condensing or refrigerating coils. Eighth in providing improved vapor cocks
to prevent the escape of the vapor in operating the machine.
The nature of my improvements is fully illustrated on the accompanying one'
sheet of drawings in which-
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the completo machine and connections.
Fig. 2 is a plan of same.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged drawing in section of the top of the compression pump
cylinder A and the valve box A¹ with valves and cages.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged drawing in section of the diffusion valve K.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged drawing in section of the receiver B and the bottom B¹.
Fig. 6 is a plan of the receiver.
Fig. 7 is a plan of the trays.
Fig. 8 is a plan of the trays.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged drawing in section of the vapor cock V.
Fig. 10 is an end view of the vapor cock.
Fig. 11 is a plan of the vapor cock.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts in all figures.
In figures 1 and 3 A designates the jacketted pump cylinder in which the gas
compressed, at W the cold water is admitted, at, W' it flows away.
A is the valve box and cover with inlet
are threaded to receive the valve cages 3.
is
and outlet branch 2, the openings 4
: Y Y¹ are inlet and outlet valves with angle seatings at bottom and piston form
at top with extended valve stems over which steel spring 5 is seated. The cages
are circular with apertures for inlet and outlet of the gas and are threaded at 4,
The top is hexagon shape for screwing them in their places, the centre is bored out
to receive top part of valve and stem, and for the angular seating at the bottom,
the shoulder 6 is for the purpose of forming a double gas tight joint when the
cages are firmly screwed down in the valve box.
The only difference between the inlet and outlet valve is that one opens inwards
and the other opens outwards. The inlet valve having collar 7 on stem secured
with nut and lock nut and a steel pin 36 which is put through the lower part of
cage to prevent the valve falling into the cylinder should the valve stem break,
The outlet valve having a thimble 8 screwed in side cage for adjusting the spring 5.
"a" is the compression pump stuffing box projecting inside cylinder. a¹ is a recess
encircling the pump rod, a is the releif valve to releive the amount of liquid that
may collect inside the cylinder A. D is the refrigerator. The pipes connected
with the vapor cocks P and P¹ are for operating either one refrigerator or both
together. In figures 1, 2 and 4, K is the diffusion valve which has a cone shaped
orifice 9 in centre. The atomizing nozzle 12 is connected to the pipe L. The
hand plate K is for adjusting the nozzle 12. The flanges 10 and 11 are for con-
necting with the pipes coming from the vapor cocks P and P¹ to the vapor cock V
The pipe
which conducts the gas from the refrigerator to the compression pump.
connecting with vapor cock V₁ is where the compressed gas is forced into the
receiver. In figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 B is.the receiver having cast iron bottom B
1
1

page_text: with space for water jacket. The inlet pipe for water 14 and the outlet 15. The
cone. 16 facing downwards to the bottom and the pipe 17. for discharging the
lubricating fluid, the trays 1, 2, 3 in the upper part of the receiver B are attached
to inlet pipe 18 and have a number of small holes 19 or slots 20 drilled or punched
in same.
:
The pipe from the receiver to the vapor cock N and N' convey the gas from the
receiver to the condensing coils. The vapor cocks N and N¹ are to operate one
condenser or both together.
The pipes to which the vapor cocks T and T' are connected are to operate one
condenser or. both together and through them the liquid flows to the collecting
drum. E is the collecting drum having holes to receive pipes from cocks T and T¹
and for the outlet pipe L connecting with the expansion cock, L is the expansion
cock on which is fitted suitable lever with graduated plate to adjust the amount of
liquid passing through to the vapor cocks O and O¹ to the refrigerators. The pipes
to which the, vapor cocks O and O' are connected to operate one refrigerator or
both together the supply coming from the pipe L¹, connected thereto is the small
pipe L which connects with the diffusion valve K is for admitting the liquid to
the atomizing nozzle.
:
F is a vessel to hold a known quantity of lubricating fluid charged at F¹
and for convenience it may be connected at or near the bottom of the receiver B
for the purpose of taking lubricating fluid that may settle in the bottom of
it if suitable for rensing by opening the cock U into the vessel F The pipes
connecting the cock U₁ and U convey the lubricating fluid to the lubricator
pump. G is the lubricator pump, M is the lever, M¹ is the weight operated
by the cam for working the cold water pump H for forcing the lubricating
fluid to the compression pump through the pipe g The pipe and valve to
inlet R2 are for admitting the condensing water to the casings encircling the
coils, The pipes and valves to outlet R is where the condensing water can
flow away to the sewer, C and C are the condensing coils which are connected
to operate one coil or both together. The pump H is for taking water from a
tank and putting it into the condensor casings operated by a cam on the engine
and pump shaft X. The pipes and valves to inlet S are for admitting the refrige-
rating medium to the casings encircling the coils. The pipes and valves to outlet S
is where the refrigerating medium in drawn from the casing by the circulating
pump. D. D¹ are the refrigerating coils and are connected together to operate one
coil or both together. J is the pump for circulating the refrigerating medium to
the rooms to be cooled or to the tanks for making ice, Q represents crank of a
suitable engine to work the apparatus which is preferably placed on the same bed
plate as whole machine, In figures 1, 2, 9, 10, 11. The vapor cock V is provided
with a solid plug 22 put in body of the valve the reverse way to what is usual and
near the top it is shouldered down at 23 for packing gland and at 24 where it
is threaded for nut and lock nut 27 having a square 25 at the extreme end for
operating it. The stuffing box 26 is threaded for a gland to screw the packing
down tightly. The nuts 27 are to keep the plug tight in its position although it
is temporaly held there when requisite to pack it by the spiral spring 28 under the
bottom side of plug which is made gas tight by the screwed cap 29, The circular
cavities 30 and 31 are to be filled with lubricating fluid and are connected with a
vertical hole connecting the two so that they can be filled from time to time by
taking out the threaded plug 33, The lubricating serves to keep the plug so that
it can be easily moved and it prevents the gas escaping round the plug into the
atmosphere.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
Claim 1. In a refrigerating machine the diffusion valve chamber K with the
coned shaped orifice 9 adapted to inject the liquified vapor in the form of a mist

page_text: through the injecting nozzle 12 from the pipe L' with the hand plate K' the
flanges 10 and 11 placed between the refrigerator and the vacuum side of the
compression pump all substantially as and for the purpose specified and set forth.
Claim 2. In combination with a compression pump cylinder A, the valve box
and cover A¹ with outlet and inlet branches 1 and 2 forming cylinder head and
cover with openings 4. The valve cages having valves Y and Y with angular
seats, piston tops, extended stems, steel springs 5 all substantially as and for the
purposes described and set forth.
Claim 3. In combination with a receiver for a refrigerating machine the water
jacket bottom B¹ with inlet for water 14 and outlet 15 the inverted cone 16 facing
the bottom of receiver. The discharge pipe 17 and the trays 1. 2. 3 in the upper
part of the receiver with holes 19 and slots 20 the inlet gas pipe 18 supporting
the trays and the outlet pipe 34 all substantially as shown for the purpose set
forth.
Claim 4. In combination with a refrigerating machine the vessel F for holding
a known quantity of lubricating fluid automatically taken therefrom and put in
the compression pump cylinder by the lubricator pump G operated by the lever M
and weight M¹ from the cam of cold water pump H and forced up the pipe g in
quantity as requisite for the speed of the pump substantially as described and set
forth.
Claim 5. In a refrigerating machine the combination of vapor cock V for
operating the machine the solid plug 22 put in the reverse way and shouldered
down 23 for stuffing box and screw 'gland 26 and for threading for nut and lock
nuts 27 to hold the plug tight in position, cavities 30 and 31 connected by vertical
hole 32 with plug 33 for filling in lubricating fluid which ensures the plug being
freely moved and gas tight. The spring 28 keeps the plug in position during
the process of packing and the bottom is made gas tight by the screwed cap 29
substantially as and for the purpose described and set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Heaword Wood have herewith set my
..band and seal this 13th day of June one thousand, eight hundred, and
eighty-five.
Witnessed by
THOMAS SHIPLEY.
W. VAN RIPER,
WILLIAM HEAWORD WOOD.