IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WOOD, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Carpet Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the First day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the fifteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Wood, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Wood, my exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Wood, my exors,
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY
CONNECTED THEREWITH;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
that I, the said William Wood, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Wood, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to that description of looms in the manufacture
of terry weaving where the wires used to form the terry are each fixed at one
end to a lever, or other suitable carrier, in order by the working of the loom
to insert a wire when the pile shed is opened, and to cause such wire to
come forward slightly to the shed when the beat up takes place. Heretofore
it has been proposed in the Specification of a former Patent to work looms,
with such descriptions of apparatus by the use of only two wires one on each
side of the loom.
Now, this part of my present improvements consists in applying, in the
working of such looms, an additional wire or wires. It will not be needful to
show by Drawings any mode of affixing and controlling such wires, as the
additional wire on either or both sides will be carried by the same lever, or
other carrier, which carries the one wire, care being observed that the point of
each wire be directed to enter into and pass through the shed opened for it, and
such two wires on either or both sides of the loom will be actuated in like
manner to where one wire only has heretofore been proposed. Such adaptation
of two wires to either or both sides of a loom will be found particularly appli-
cable to the making of carpets or other fabrics with a pile on both sides, in
doing which it will only be needful to arrange the different pile warps so that
when the two wires have to be introduced there shall be two pile sheds open
one on each side of the main or body warp, and the operations of the loom will
otherwise be very similar to where only one wire is used, as will readily be
understood by persons acquainted with the working of looms.
Another mode of employing such additional wires will be in the manufacture
of terry fabrics, with pile only on one side, but with part of the pile cut as
velvet pile. For this purpose, pile warps are to be arranged in two sets,
selected by jacquard or otherwise, if the different kinds of pile be required to
be in pattern, and such pile will be opened so as to form two distinct sheds,
one for each of the two wires carried by their particular carrier, and they are
to be caused to enter simultaneously into their separate sheds. It will be
understood, that when opening the pile warps to form two distinct sheds, one

page_text: of the wires of each side at each insertion will be only partially covered,
while the other will be covered by both sets of pile warps. And in order to
make cut or velvet pile of one set of loops at each insertion of wires, I form
one wire on each side of the loom, that one which in working is only partially
covered, with a knife edge at or near one of its ends, so that in the act
of withdrawal it may cut itself out.
Secondly, my Invention relates to the application of weft-stopping motion
to looms for weaving pile fabrics; when pile is obtained by the use of wires,
which are, during the working of the loom, fixed to levers or other carriers,
and which after they insert the wire in the shed, continue with it during its
being bound in the fabric to form a row of loops, and are the means or partly
the means of withdrawing the wire. Hitherto, in working looms with such
descriptions of apparatus, applied means of using a weft stopping motion have
not, to the best of my belief, been found practicable owing to the difficulty of
arranging it so as not to interfere with the working of the wires. Figure 1
shows a section, and Figure 2 a front view, of parts of a loom, sufficient to
enable me to describe my arrangement of weft stop motion, as adapted to
a loom having this particular kind of apparatus applied thereto. a, a, are
fingers, which move in notches or recesses formed in the shuttle race so that
the upper surface of these fingers may not (in the ordinary working of the
loom) project above to interfere with the passage of the shuttle. These
fingers in part support the weft thread, and they have projections b, which are
so placed that, in the movement of the batten towards the front of the loom
to effect a "beat up," they may be acted upon by the weft thread just
thrown in, and which is borne forwards against such projections b, by reeds
or counter fingers h, carried by the batten, and if weft thread be not
thrown in either from breakage or otherwise, these projections 6 will not
be acted upon, and the parts will be retained in position to stop the loom;
this is accomplished in the following manner :-One end of the fingers a is
attached to the arm c, projecting up from the shaft d, which extends
across and is supported by the front of the loom, so as to have one of
such arms c on each side in connection with fingers a and projections b
at each selvedge. Upon this shaft d is also affixed another arm e,
the point of which is so placed that when weft is thrown across
correctly, and acts upon the projections 6, those projections and the upper
end of the arm c will be moved forward, causing the depression of the point el
of the arm e, which will depress the end f¹ of the lever f, so that the other
end of the lever f may be out of the way of the projection 9 carried by the
batten; but if weft be not thrown across the projection 6 will not be acted.

page_text: upon, the arms c and e will remain in the position shewn, as will also the
lever f; and the coming forward of the batten will cause the projection g to
come against the end f2 of the lever f, which is in position to act upon the
spring handle to throw it out of its notch, and so move the strap off the fixed
on to the loose drum, and thus stop the loom; 61, 62, are guides carried by
the fingers a to guide the end of the wires used in "fixed wire" looms, and to
prevent such wires being interfered with by the parts b; i, i, are springs
to bring the arms c, c, into position for the ordinary working of the loom.
Thirdly, my Invention consists in the application of a weft-stopping motion
on each side of looms worked by power to produce cut or uncut pile fabrics,
when the pile is obtained by the insertion of pile wires, over which the pile
warp is laid in the act of working.
In weaving terry fabrics by power it is very important to have the capability
of an immediate stoppage of the loom in case of weft breaking, or otherwise
the weft fails; and I am aware that it has been proposed to apply a weft-
stopping motion on one side of such looms, but it is found that the loom does
not stop with sufficient quickness, and a fresh wire gets thrown in before the
previous one is properly bound in, and the motions of the loom have to be
reversed, which causes loss of time and defective work; and I have found that,
by applying a weft stop motion to each side of such looms, this defect is to a
great extent avoided, and thus a considerable advantage in working is obtained,
and it is the application of a weft stop motion at each selvedge of the fabric or
side of such looms which constitutes the novelty of the third head of the
Invention.
The adaptation of weft stop motion to looms being so well understood,
I have not thought it needful to show a Drawing of the same, and a workman
acquainted with looms will readily apply such motion to both sides of the
same.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in weaving terry loops on the back
or under side of carpets and other fabrics when such loops are made of yarns or
threads produced wholly or in part from linen, tow, cotton, or silk, or wool
waste. I am aware that it has been previously proposed to weave terry loops
on the back of piled fabrics with the same yarns or warp which is used for the
face; and this has been done with a view to turning over one side when
the other has become worn. The object of this part of my Invention is not to
make fabrics with a view to turn over one side when the other is worn or
otherwise injured, but with a view to give substance and elasticity to the back
of this class of fabrics by weaving terry loops or pile at the back; and to
produce this effect at a cheap rate I make such loops of yarns made wholly

page_text: or in part from linen, tow, jute, cotton, or silk, or wool waste: A convenient
means of forming such loops is by the use of the improvements just described,
that is, by having two wires on each side of the loom.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that what
I claim is,
First, the application to looms for weaving piled fabrics of two wires moved
by the same instrument or carrier.
Secondly, I claim the application of weft-stopping motion to looms where
wires are fixed to carriers or instruments.
Thirdly, I claim the application of weft-stopping motion to both sides of
looms for weaving pile fabrics by wires.
Fourthly, I claim the weaving of carpets and other fabrics with a pile on
the under side of different materials from that which is employed for the
face pile.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
(x)
WOOD.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid William Wood came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the First day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to WILLIAM WOOD, of Pontefract,
in the County of York, Carpet Manufacturer, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
AND IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH," bearing date
at Westminster, the First day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-two, to which a Specification has been duly inrolled. And
by virtue of a certain indenture of assignment, bearing date the Fifth
day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and made
between the said William Wood, of the one part, and John Crossley,
Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley, all of Halifax, in the County of
York, Manufacturers and Copartners, of the other part, the said Letters
Patent and all liberties and privileges thereby granted is now vested
in the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley.
LAIMER proposed to be entered by the said John Crossley, Joseph
Crossley, and Francis Crossley, as such assignees as aforesaid, with the
Clerk of the Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth
and sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth,
intituled, "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions."
HEREAS, since the inrolment of the said Specification, we, the said
CROSSLEY, JOSEPH CROSSLEY, and FRANCIS CROSSLEY, have discovered
hat part of the said Invention which is described and claimed under the
head of the said Specification, contained in the following words, videlicet:
Thirdly, my Invention consists in the application of a weft-stopping
tion on each side of looms worked by power to produce cut or
cut pile fabrics, when the pile is obtained by the insertion of pile wires,
r which the pile warp is laid in the act of working. In weaving terry
rics by power, it is very important to have the capability of an immediate
ppage of the loom in case of weft breaking, or otherwise the weft fails;
I am aware that it has been proposed to apply a weft-stopping motion
one side of such looms, but it is found that the loom does not stop with
icient quickness, and a fresh wire gets thrown in before the previous
is properly bound in, and the motions of the loom have to be reversed,
ich causes loss of time and defective work, and I have found that
a weft stop motion to each side of such looms, this defect is to a great
ent avoided, and thus a considerable advantage in working is obtained,

page_text: "and it is the application of a weft stop motion at each selvedge of the
"fabric or side of such looms which constitutes the novelty of the third head
"of the Invention. The adaptation of weft stop motion to looms being so
well understood, I have not thought it needful to show a Drawing of the
same, and a workman acquainted with looms will readily apply such motion
"to both sides of the same."
Thirdly, I claim the application of weft-stopping motion to both sides of
"looms for weaving pile fabrics' by wires" is not new; for which reason we
wish to disclaim, and we do hereby disclaim, all that part of the said Invention
which is described and claimed under the third head of the said Specification.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and
Francis Crossley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three.
JOSEPH CROSSLEY.
(L.8.)
FRANCIS CROSSLEY. (L.S.)
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify that John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley,
all of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturers, have applied to me to
enter with you the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alterations
of a certain Invention, for which Letters Patent were granted to William
Wood, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Carpet Manufacturer, (and
which said Letters Patent were duly assigned to the said John Crossley,
Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley,) on the 1st day of May 1852, and to
which a Specification was duly inrolled; and having considered the said
application, and no objection having been made to the same, I have accordingly
granted leave to the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley,
to file their said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alterations, pursuant
to the Statute passed in the 5th & 6th years of the reign of His late
Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
Temple, March 28th, 1853.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of March,
in the year of our Lord 1853, the aforesaid John Crossley, Joseph Crossley,
and Francis Crossley came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Disclaimer aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Disclaimer afore-
said was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.