IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS."-A communication from abroad by Mr.
Célestin Peltier, junior, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Mechanician.
Sealed the 16th December 1862, and dated the 25th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1862.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
Ploughs, as usually constructed, are formed of two principal parts, viz., the
share, which penetrates the ground to a certain depth, and raises it; imme-
diately after which operation a second part, termed a mould board, reverses
the ground which has been thrown up by the share, so that the under part
shall come to the surface, and vice versa, so as to plough up the ground in
furrows.
The two principal parts of the plough, viz., the share and the mould
board are fixed and rigid, the one stirring up the ground and the other turning
it over. This rigidity, which is the same in all ploughs, causes the ground to
accumulate and clog in rising on the mould board, which greatly increases
the power necessary for turning it over, and requires the use of implements of

page_text: great strength, at same time limiting the depth of the furrows, and but imper-
fectly opening the ground.
According to this Invention, I make the mould board movable on an axis
at any suitable part of the plough frame; it is inclined in the direction
of the furrow, so that when the rotary mould board receives the pressure of
the ground thrown up by the ploughshare, it is caused to turn, carrying with it
the earth bearing on it, which it raises in its rotary movement, and turns it
over so as to completely open the ground.
This Invention may be applied to all kinds of ploughs, whereby the mould
boards are made to rotate on an axis, and turn by the pressure of the ground
as it is thrown up. The mould board on rotating carries the ground with
it without difficulty, which being thus opened up, the use of crushers or rollers
may be dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and 'grant unto me, the said
William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Clark,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should in any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," a
communication to me from abroad by Mr. Celestin Peltier, junior, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Mechanician, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Clark, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the 'said Invention;
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to

page_text: be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto. annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
'
Ploughs, as usually constructed, are formed of two principal parts, viz., the
share, which penetrates the ground to a certain depth, and then raises it;
immediately after which operation a second part, termed a mould board,
reverses the soil which has been thrown up by the share, so that the under
part shall come to the surface, and vice versa, and so as to, plough. .up the
ground in furrows.
These two principal parts of the plough, viz., the share and the mould
board are fixed and rigid, the one stirring up the ground and the other
turning it over. This rigidity, which is the same in all ploughs,, causes the
ground to accumulate and clog in rising on the mould board, which greatly
increases the power necessary for turning it over, and requires the use of
implements of great strength; at same time it limits the depth of the furrows,
and but imperfectly opens the ground.
According to this Invention, I make the mould board movable on an axis
fixed at any suitable part of the plough frame. It is inclined in the direction
of the furrow, so that when the rotary mould board receives the pressure of
the ground thrown up by the ploughshare, it is caused to turn, carrying with it
the earth bearing on it, which it raises in its rotrary movement, and turns it
over so as to completely open the ground.
This Invention may be applied to all kinds of ploughs, whereby the mould
boards are made to rotate on an axis, and turn by the pressure of the ground
as it is thrown up. The mould board, on rotating, carries the ground with it
without difficulty, which being thus opened up, the use of crushers or rollers
may be dispensed with.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.

page_text: mould board b, which it bears on; and so causes it to rotate without any
friction, carrying with it the soil, which it inverts and throws over by the
motion of the mould board.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same. I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be pro-.
tected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is the application
of a movable rotating mould board or turn-fallow to all kinds of ploughs,
which mould board turns by the pressure of the soil thrown up by the share,
which soil is raised with it in its rotation, and so inverted and spread as
required.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
77
Witness,
W. G. E. SWINNOCK,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CL
CHALAR
(..)