Lamp Shades or Reflectors for Electric Lamps.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1890-Accepted, 23rd Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Lamp Shades or Reflectors for Electric Lamps.
I, WILLIAM BETTS LAWRENCE of 20 Union Square New York City, N.Y. America.
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improvement in adjustable shades or reflectors for use
in connection with all kinds and classes of electric lamps, and the object of the same
is by means of removeable or adjustable shades or screens, made of any variety of
opaque or translucent material, of such shape, that it will conform to and fit closely
over the globe or glass used upon the lamp, and will produce any desired effect with
the lights such as a peculiar color, a given direction and an increased illuminating
power by merely changing or revolving the shade or reflector.
To carry my invention into practice I take a glass or other bulb, and beneath the
apex or neck remove a lateral section thereof. I then surround the lamp with the
remainder, thus forming a shade and reflector, and it is attached in the following
manner. The globe fits into a sleeve, which contains light wires. The sleeve in turn
fits into a socket, on a bracket to which the light wires are applied, and it is held in
position, and attached by means of shoulder pins, fitting into a grove in the interior
of the socket. The shade is made to conform as nearly as possible to the globe, and
to fit closely over the same, and may be arranged to encircle any desired portion of
the globe, and to cover about one half of it, and terminates at the end to which the
lamp is attached in a circular neck, of sufficient diameter to enable it to slide loosely
around a socket.
For the purpose of holding the shade in any desired position on the lamp, there
are a number of flat springs arranged round the socket, into which the shade fits, the
same being fastened at one extremity to a sliding socket so that when the shade is
placed in the socket, the springs will press upon the interior of the neck of the shade,
and hold it fast.
A ring is broken at any one point, and at the point of juncture, provided with
flanges through which the screw passes. The ring can be placed at any convenient
point in the socket, by loosening the screw and sliding the ring to the desired
position, and then tightening the screw.
To remove the shade, it is only necessary to turn the globe in the socket, unloosen
and remove it.
Any other method of attaching the shade may be used, that easily permits of its
being removed, and adjusted.
The shade can be made of any desirable material, glass (opaque or translucent),
polished metal, porcelain &c.
Dated thin 97th day of August 1889
HUGHES, SON & Co.,
38, Chancery Lane, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Lamp Shades or Reflectors for Electric Lamps.
I, WILLIAM BETTS LAWRENCE, of 20 Union Square in New York City, in the
State of New York, United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention relates to an improvement in adjustable shades or reflectors for use
in connection with all classes of electric lamps, and the object of the same is, by
means of a revolvable and adjustable shade or screen, made of any variety of opaque
"מ

page_text: or translucent material, and of such shape that it will conform to and fit closely over
the globe or glass used upon the lamp, to produce any desired effect with the light,
such as a peculiar color, a given direction, and an increased illuminating power,
according to the particular purpose for which the lamp is employed, by merely
changing or revolving the shade or reflector.
My invention, which consists in applying to a lamp a shade or reflector of the
above character, and in providing certain mechanism for adjusting the same, will be
best understood by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which
Fig. 1 shows the invention applied to the ordinary formn of incandescent lamp.
Figure 2 is a view showing the manner of attaching the shade and the lamp.
Fig. 3 and 4 are views of details of the manner of attaching the lamp and the
shade.
Fig. 5 shows the shade or reflector applied to the ordinary form of arc-lamp, and
Fig. 6 is an improved holder for connecting the shade with the bracket.
Similar letters have reference to similar parts throughout the several views.
In the drawings, "A" represents the globe of an incandescent or arc-lamp, which
is attached in any convenient manner.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, of which the former shows the incandescent lamp, and the
three latter, the manner in which the shade is attached, the globe "A" Fig. 1, fits
into a sleeve "B," Figures 2 and 3, which contains the light wires, "a, a." The
sleeve "B" in turn fits into the socket "D" Fig. 2, on the bracket, to which the
light wires are applied, and is held in position and attached by means of the shoulder
pins "d, d," Figs. 2 & 3, fitting into a groove, on the interior of the socket. "S" is
the shade which is made to conform in shape, as nearly as possible, to the shape of
the globe "A," and to fit closely over the same as shown in Fig. I and which may
be arranged, so as to encircle any desired portion of the globe, but în practice, a
shade which will surround from one-third to one-half of the globe, will be found
most advantageous. In the views the shade is arranged to screen or cover one-half
of the lamp globe, and it terminates at the end at which the lamp is attached, in a
circular neck "E" of sufficient diameter to enable it to slide loosely around the
socket "D" into which the sleeve "B" of the lamp fits. For the purpose of
holding the shade in any desired position on the lamp, the method of attachment
shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, is provided. In these views, m m etc. represents any
number of flat springs, arranged around the socket "D" the same being fastened
at one extremity by the screws
< o, o," to a sliding ring "
22 on the socket, so that
when the shade "S" is placed over the socket "D" the springs "m, m
,, will press
upon the interior of the circular neck "E" of the shade and hold it fast. The
ring n" is broken at any one point, and at the point of juncture, is provided the
flanges "K K," through which the screw "p passes (Fig. 4). The ring "n" can be
placed at
any convenient point on the socket "D" by loosening the screw "p" and
sliding the ring to the point desired and then tightening the screw.
دو
"
23
"
To remove the shade it is only necessary to turn the globe "A" in the socket,
and unloosen and remove it, and then to pull the shade or reflector "S" over the
extremity of the springs " 'm, m," which are within the neck and thus release the
same.
The incandescent lamp and the reflector "S" having been thus removed
together from the socket, the globe or bulb "A" is then lifted out of the shade "S"
the larger portion being drawn out first, and the sleeve "B," emerging last from the
neck "E."
To adjust a shade, the globe is loosened from the socket, and the globe pushed
sleeve first into the shade "S." The neck of the shade is then pushed over the
springs, and the sleeve "B" passes between them and into the socket "D." By
rotating the globe and shade on the sleeve until the pins "dd" catch in the seats
as before, the former is made fast, and the latter will have already been caught and
held by the springs. To adjust the globe, the extremities of the springs are com-
pressed by the hand and the neck of the shade forced over them, and the globe then
inserted in the same manner as it is withdrawn.

page_text: Any other method of attaching the shade may be adopted that will permit of its
being readily removed and easily adjusted at any convenient plane to the lamp.
Fig. 5 shows one of the many forms of are-lamps, and is designed to show what
is termed the ordinary single carbon brush lamp. In this view, "C" and "C" are
the candles, and "e" the socket, which supports the lower candle ";"f, f, the
supporting arms, "F" the frame of the lamp, and "A" the globe.
22
,,
As in other views, the shade "S" is made to conform in shape as nearly as
possible to the globe "A," and terminates in a neck "E" as before, which encircles
the socket "e," and is held in position by means of the springs "m
attached as
before to the ring "n" which is adjustable upon the socket "e" in the same manner
as in the case of the incandescent lamp shown in the previously described figures.
Any other convenient means of mounting and holding the shade "S" may be
resorted to provided that it admit of easily removing and adjusting the same.
The shade "S" may be made of any desirable material, according to the purposes
for which it is used, and owing to the fact that it conforms so closely in shape to the
lamp globe, as to become practically an outer covering to the same, the color,
direction or intensity of the light will be changed, modified or controlled according
as the shade or reflector is changed or rotated. Any variety of shades may be
employed, made of any desirable material, and they may be changed or substituted
from time to time according to the purpose for which the light is used. Where it
is desired to give any particular color or tint to the light, the shade may be made of
glass, opaque or translucent, or of porcelain of the particular color or tint desired.
Where it is desired to have the shade serve principally as a reflector, it may be
made of polished metal, or metal on glass, coated with mercury, gold or silver, and
where it is desired to give a variegated color to the light, shades or irridescent or
opalescent glass may be used. In case the shade is to be used upon the electric
lamps in libraries or reading rooms it will be found preferable to make them of white
porcelain, of thickness such as will allow the light to pass through it. The intensity
of the light may then be instantly diminished by so rotating the shade that the same
shall come between the globe of the lamp and the reader. To produce concentration
or reflection of the light in any given direction or for totally cutting off the same,
metallic shades would ordinarily be used. The shades may be fitted to any of the
ordinary forms of incandescent or are lamps now in use, without any further expense
than the cost of the shades and the holders, and the inere fitting of the latter to the
lamp and by having a selection of shades of different character or color, a variety of
different and strikingly beautiful effects may be produced with all ordinary electric
light.
Owing to the simplicity of the invention and its great cheapness, the shades may
be readily replaced from time to time as they get broken or bent at a comparatively
small cost.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1st. The combination, with a globe of an electric lamp of a revoluble, and adjust-
able shade or reflector, conforming in shape to the globe, fitting closely around a part
of the same, substantially as herein before set forth by which means shades of
different colors or reflectors can be employed, interchangeably, and by revolving the
latter, the direction, and intensity of the light can be changed or modified at
pleasure.
2nd. The combination with the globe of an electric lamp of a revoluble and adjust-
able shade or reflector conforming in shape to the globe, fitting closely around a
part of the same, provided at its extremity with a circular neck fitting over the
socket of the lamp, substantially as herein before set forth, by which means shades of
different colors or reflectors can be employed interchangeably, and by revolving the
latter the direction and intensity of the light can be changed or modified at
pleasure.

page_text: 3rd. The combination, with the globe of an electric lamp, of a revoluble, and
adjustable shade or reflector conforming in shape to the globe, and fitting closely
around a part of the same, substantially as herein before set forth, made of porcelain,
glass, metal, or other material, and provided with springs pressing on the exterior of
the neck of said shade for holding the same in any position, and means, substantially
as described for adjusting said ring vertically upon the socket.
4th. The combination with the globe of an electric lamp of a revoluble and adjust-
able shade or reflector conforming in shape to be globle of the lamp, and fitting
closely over a part of same, arranged to be removed and replaced by a similar shade
or reflector of different material or color, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, by
which means shades of different colors, or reflectors can be employed interchangeably
and by revolving the latter, the direction and intensity of the light can be changed
or modified at pleasure.
Dated this 24th day of May 1890
HUGHES, SON & Co.,
38, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents.