or Processes for Producing a Marbled or Grained Enamelled Surface on Cast Iron.
Year: 1888

page_text: KUVIDIONAL SI MULT KURI HOA.
Process or Processes for Producing a Marbled or Grained Enamelled
Surface on Cast Iron.
We, BERNERS BURFORD LEE, of Hall Green Foundry, near Wednesbury in the
County of Stafford, ironfounder, and THOMAS SUMMERFIELD NEALE, of 35, Foley
Street, Wednesbury, aforesaid, enameller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to produce, in two or more colours or shades, a
marbled or grained appearance in the surface of the enamel coating frequently
employed on cast iron, such as on the surfaces of sanitary castings, spitoons, mangers,
decorative plates, and the like.
According to this invention, the ground or first coating, commonly termed the
"biscuit," is of any usual composition for the purpose, and is laid on and dried and
burnt in the usual manner. The marbled or grained appearance aforesaid is produced
in the second coat or glaze. For this purpose two or more glazes of different colours
or shades are employed in the manner hereinafter described. If the groundwork of
the marbled or grained surface is intended to be of the usual colour of the enamel one
of the glazes is prepared by simply grinding the usual materials therefor with water
and is laid upon the biscuit in the wet state, but if such ground is intended to be
of another colour or shaile a glaze of the desired colour or shade is prepared by fusing
the ordinary materials thereof with an oxide of iron, or of uranium, cobalt, copper, tin
or other material capable of producing the desired colour or shade, previously to
grinding up the same with water in the manner before described, and such coloured
glaze is laid in its wet state on to the biscuit. A second enamel glaze is prepared in a
manner as above described, and is of the ordinary enamel colour or of other colour or
shade as may be desired, and this second glaze is laid, by means of a brush, in veins
or streaks upon the wet surface of the enamel glaze which has previously been laid
upon the surface of the biscuit, or is dashed, dropped, sprinkled, or sprayed thereon,
and the article to which the same is applied is then rapped with a mallet, shaken or
turned about, to cause the partial running of the wet glazes and bring them to a level

page_text: surface, or the wet surface formed by the partially mixed glazes is marked or streaked
by the aid of a pencil, rag, comb, or other instrument, whereby the desired marbled
or grained appearance is produced. The glazed surface is then set and fixed by drying
and burning in the ordinary manner, and the process is thus completed.
Any desired number of colours or shades may appear in the marbling or graining,
by employing the required number of glazes of different colours or shades and
introducing them in any manner as above described upon a wet enamel glaze
previously laid upon the biscuit, and afterwards treating them in the manner before
described for producing the desired appearance.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Process or Processes for Producing a Marbled or Grained Enamelled
Surface on Cast Iron.
We, BERNERS BURFORD LEE, of Hall Green Foundry, near Wednesbury in the
County of Stafford, ironfounder, and THOMAS SUMMERFIED NEALE, of 35 Foley
Street, Wednesbury, aforesaid, enameller, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to produce a marbled or grained appearance in the
surface of the enamel coating frequently employed on cast iron; such as on the surfaces
of sanitary castings, spittoons, mangers, decorative-plates and the like.
$6
According to this invention, the ground or first coating, commonly termed the
biscuit," is of any usual composition for the purpose, and is laid on and dried and
burnt in the usual or any convenient manner. The marbled or grained appearance
aforesaid is produced in the second coat or glaze. For this purpose two or more
glazes of different colours or shades are employed in the manner hereinafter described.
If the ground work of the marbled or grained surface is intended to be of the usual
colour of the enamel, one of the glazes is prepared by simply grinding the usual
materials therefor with water and is laid upon the biscuit in the wet state; but if such
ground is intended to be of another colour or shade a glaze of the desired colour or
shade is prepared by fusing the ordinary materials thereof with an oxide of iron, or of
uranium, cobalt, copper, tin or other material capable of producing the desired colour
or shade, previously to grinding up the same with water in the manner before
described, and such coloured glaze is laid in its wet state on to the biscuit. A second
enamel glaze is prepared in a manner as above described, and is of the ordinary
enamel colour or of other colour or shade as may be desired, and this second glaze is
laid, by means of a brush, in veins or streaks upon the wet surface of the enamel glaze
which has previously been laid upon the surface of the biscuit, or is dashed, dropped,
sprinkled, or sprayed thereon, and the article to which the same is applied is then
rapped with a mallet, shaken or turned about, to cause the partial running of the
wet glazes and bring them to a level surface, or the wet surface formed by the
partially mixed glazes is marked or streaked by the aid of a pencil, rag, comb or
other instrument, whereby the desired marbled or grained appearance is produced.
The glazed surface is then set and fixed by drying and burning'in the ordinary
or any convenient manner, and the process is thus completed.
Any desired number of colours or shades may appear in the marbling or graining,
by employing the required number of glazes of different colours or shades, and after
laying one of such glazes. in the wet state upon the biscuit introducing the remainder
of such glazes into the wet glaze previously laid on, and afterwards treating in the
manner before described for producing the desired appearance.
It is not, of course, essential though it is much preferred, to lay one of the glazes
upon the biscuit as a ground coat previously to applying the other glaze or glazes as

page_text: above described, as both or all the glazes may be applied upon the biscuit in the
manner in which the subsequent glaze or glazes are applied as above described. The
subsequent treatment, however, is substantially the same in either case.
The proper materials and proportions thereof for employment in preparing the glazes
of different colours or shades will be thoroughly understood by persons skilled in the
art of enamelling on iron.
In employing this invention in the case of articles of a curved or other shape
which renders the glaze liable to chip or crack as the castings contract in cooling it is
preferred, in order to guard against such liability, that previously to applying the wet
glazes the surface of the biscuit be coated with a glaze of the usual character by
dusting the glaze on the biscuit whilst hot and burning in the usual manner, and it is
sufficient for the purpose to dust and burn once only instead of two or more times.as
is usual in preparing an ordinary enamelled surface on cast iron.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The process or processes, substantially as herein described, whereby a marbled.
or grained enauielled surface is produced upon cast iron.
2. The process or processes for producing a marbled or grained enamelled surface
upon cast iron, in which two or more glazes of different colours or shades are inter-
mingled upon the surface of the "biscuit" (or upon a glaze previously formed upon
the biscuit by dusting and burning) substantially as described.
3. Producing a marbled or grained enamelled surface on cast iron by means of two
or more glazes of different colours or shades one of which is first laid, in the wet state,
upon the "biscuit" forming the ground or first coating (or upon a glaze previously
formed upon the biscuit by dusting and burning) and the other or others of which
is or are applied, in the wet state, by means of a brush, in veins or streaks upon the
wet surface of the glaze first laid upon the "biscuit," or is or are dashed, dropped,
sprinkled, or sprayed thereon, and by rapping the article to which such glazes have been
applied with a mallet, or shaking or turning it about, to cause the partial running of
the wet glazes, or by marking or streaking by the aid of a pencil, rag, comb, or other
instrument the wet surface formed by the partially mixed glazes applied, respectively,
in the manner described, and by finally drying and burning, substantially as described.
Dated this 19th day of December 1888.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicants.