Improvements in Valves, particularly applicable for Use in connection with Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to Presses and other Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 11th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 18th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Valves, particularly applicable for Use in connection
with Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to Presses and
other Machines.
I, WALTER JAMES, of No. 1, Lincoln Square, Lincoln Road, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in valves particularly applicable for use
in connection with hydraulic apparatus for transmitting motion to presses and other
machines, such as for instance, by means of apparatus known as "Differential
Accumulators," or "Intensifiers," by which the pressure of water and the speed of
hydraulic rams may be regulated according to the work which has to be performed,
that is to say, the combination of a cylinder with a smaller cylinder with a fixed
tubular ram whereby by exposing at different times different areas to the action of
the inlet water and at the same time different areas to the water communicating
with the hydraulic press or other machine, the hydraulic press or other machine
may be fed with more or less water and at a greater or less pressure from time to
time as may be desired. But I distinctly wish it to be understood that in this
Specification I make no claim broadly to the use of such apparatus when used
separately from and independently of the arrangement of valves herein described
and set forth, as such bydraulic apparatus for transmitting power is already well
known.
The object of the present invention is first, to provide an arrangement of valves
that will automatically reverse themselves whenever the maximum pressure for a
given portion of the stroke of the press ram has been reached and for afterwards
increasing the pressure for the remainder of the stroke of the said ram; secondly,
to afford facilities by which water may be admitted at two or three different stages
of pressure during the ascent and descent of the accumulator piston, and thirdly, to
return the press ram, and either piston or ram (or both) of the differential
accumulator or intensifier to their normal positions by utilizing the water already
employed for pressing purposes.
According to my invention I construct a valve casing containing either two, four,
or more compartments. Each set or pair of compartments are connected with
two or more passages, and two or more sets of compartments may be connected
together by one or more pipes. Flanges or their equivalents are also provided
for connecting the compartments by means of pipes with say the press, the
differential accumulator, a tank and the inlet service or pumps. Suitable inlet
and relief valves being also provided or connected with the said pipes.
In each compartment are provided sets of hydraulic U leathers or other suitable
packings. The upper and lower leather in each compartment are arranged to face
each other, and the intervening sets may be arranged with their backs to each
other. Between the U leathers are inserted rings or blocks of metal or their
equivalents so shaped as to form annular areas around the spindles to be hereafter
described. The annular areas are arranged to communicate with the said passages
and leakage of water or other liquid is prevented escaping therefrom by means of
the U leathers. In each compartment a spindle is arranged to work and to slide
through the leathers. Each spindle may be made in two or more parts suitably

page_text: connected together so as to have a hollow central portion and its perimeter may
also be perforated or slotted in any desired number of places (say for instance two
or three) so as to communicate with said hollow central portion. Each spindle may
be connected by links with a weighted lever, preferably fulcrummed, though not
necessarily so, to a pivot stand fixed to the casing.
The position of the spindles in the compartments may be automatically reversed
by means of one or more rams working in a cylinder or cylinders directly under the
spindles, or their weighted levers, and connected by a pipe or pipe with say the
pipe connecting the compartments with say the press; whenever the resistance of
the bale or other article under operation becomes too great for the pressure
imparted to say the press ram.
The water or other liquids from the pumps or inlet service passes through the
various compartments, annular areas, perforations in the spindles, up or down
the hollow portions of the spindles, and through the passages and pipes to the
accumulator, and from thence through the compartments and parts connected
therewith at either a reduced, the same, or an increasing or increased or full
pressure.
When it is required to get several different pressures during the ascent and
descent of the piston of the accumulator, say for instance three different pressures,
say less than that of the inlet water during the ascent of the piston, and three
different pressures, say greater than that of the inlet water during the piston's
descent. These pressures may be obtained by simply reversing or altering the
position of the spindles and by automatically lowering (and raising from) on to
the spindles or their levers one or more weights (preferably two) connected by
chains passing over pulleys to one or more (preferably two) weighted rams working
in hydraulic cylinders connected by pipe or pipes say with the press pipe.
Dated the Fifth day of July 1894.
WALTER JAMES,
By W. Fairburn-Hart, Agent.
Improvements in Valves, particularly applicable for Use in connection
with Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to Presses and
other Machines.
I, WALTER JAMES, of 1 Lincoln Square, Lincoln Road, Leeds, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in valves particularly applicable for use
in connection with hydraulic apparatus for transmitting motion to presses and
other machines, such as for instance by means of apparatus known as "Differential
Accumulators," or "Intensifiers," by which the pressure of water and the speed of
bydraulic rams may be regulated according to the work which has to be performed,
that is to say, the combination of a cylinder with a smaller cylinder with a fixed
tubular ram, whereby by exposing at different times different areas to the action of
the inlet water and at the same time different areas to the water communicating
with the hydraulic press or other machine, the hydraulic press or other machine may be
fed with more or less water and at a greater or less pressure from time to time us may be
desired. But I distinctly wish it to be understood that in this Specification I make
no claim broadly to the use of such apparatus when used separately from and
independently of the arrangement of valves herein described and set forth, as such.
hydraulic apparatus for transmitting power is already well known.

page_text: The object of the present invention is first, to provide an arrangement of valves
that will automatically reverse themselves whenever the maximum pressure for
a given portion of the stroke of the press ram has been reached and for afterwards
increasing the pressure for the remainder of the stroke of the said ram; secondly,
to afford facilities by which water may be admitted at two or three different stages
of pressure during the ascent and descent of the accumulator piston, and thirdly, to
return the press ram, and either piston and ram (or both) of the differential
accumulator or intensifier to their normal positions by utilizing the water already
employed for pressing purposes.
I attain these objects by means of mechanism herein described and which for the
purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating the principle and working of the
valves, I have, in the accompanying drawings shown them applied to a hydraulic
press such as is ordinarily used in the woollen trades.
But I distinctly wish it to be understood that they may be combined with or
applied to other machines such as for instance to shearing and rivetting machines
as well as to forging presses and the like.
In the drawings annexed :-
Fig. 1 is a part sectional elevation of a hydraulic press and differential accumu-
lator with my arrangement of valves applied.
Fig. 2 is a part sectional elevation of the front set of valves drawn to a larger
scale than Fig. 1 shown in the position occupied when the accumulator piston is
travelling upwards say as far as a Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a part sectional elevation of the back set of valves drawn to the same
scale as Fig. 2 and shown in the position occupied when the accumulator piston is
travelling upwards say as far as a Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an end elevation looking at the front of the valves shown at Figs. 2
and 3 and drawn to the same scale.
Fig. 5 is an end elevation looking at the back of the valves shown at Figs. 2
and 3 and drawn to the same scale.
Fig. 6 is a plan looking at the top of the valves shown at Figs. 2 and 3 and
drawn to the same scale.
Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of a single set of valves constructed according to
my invention.
Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the same valve.
Fig. 9 a plan looking on the top of same valve.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged part sectional elevation of a spindle, leathers, and packings
forming a prominent feature of the valves shown at Figs. 2, 3, and 7.
Fig. 11 is a part sectional elevation of the front set of valves shown in the
position occupied when the accumulator piston is travelling in an upward direction
say from a to z Fig. 1.
Fig. 12 is a part sectional elevation of the back set of valves shown in the
position occupied when the accumulator piston is travelling in an upward direction
say from to a Fig. 1.
Fig. 13 is a part sectional elevation of the front set of valves shown in the
position occupied when the accumulator piston is travelling upwards from to the
top of the accumulator cylinder Fig. 1.
Fig. 14 is a part sectional elevation of the back set of valves shown in the
position occupied when the accumulator piston is travelling upwards from a to the
top of the accumulator cylinder Fig. 1.
Fig. 15 is a part sectional elevation of the front set of valves shown in the
position they occupy whilst the accumulator piston is travelling down from the top
of the accumulator cylinder to say about of the accumulator cylinder shown at
Fig. 1.
Fig. 16 is a part sectional elevation of the back set of valves shown in the
position they occupy when the accumulator piston is travelling down from the top
of its cylinder to say, about a Fig. 1.

page_text: Fig. 17 is a part sectional elevation of the front set of valves shown in the
position occupied whilst the piston is travelling downwards in the accumulator
cylinder from a to ¹ Fig. 1.
Fig. 18 is a part sectional elevation of the back set of valves shown in the
position occupied whilst the piston is travelling downwards in the accumulator
cylinder from to r¹ Fig. 1.
Fig. 19 is a part sectional elevation of the front set of valves shown in the
position occupied whilst the piston is travelling downwards in the accumulator
cylinder shown at Fig. 1, say from a to its bottom.
Fig. 20 is a part sectional elevation of the back set of valves shown in the
position occupied whilst the piston is travelling downwards in the accumulator
cylinder shown at Fig. 1 say from 1 to its bottom.
Like parts in all the views are marked with the same letters of reference.
A and B are respectively the press bottom and top. C. C. the stay rods for
supporting the top. D the press table. E the press cylinder and F the ram
working in said cylinder and to which the table D is attached.
G is the cylinder of the differential accumulator and it is provided with covers
at one or both ends or only with a cover G³ and with a gland G at the opposite
end of the cylinder (provided with U leathers) through which the piston rod G
works. This cylinder is supported on stay rods GG by which it is attached to
the foundation plate or bed G2. In the cylinder G a piston G³ reciprocates, and
the piston is attached to the hollow piston rod G by bolts or other convenient
means. The cavity G' in the piston rod G' forms a second and smaller cylinder
into which is passed a stationary tubular ram GB, provided with a passage G' and
fixed to the base or foundation plate G³.
All the above described parts are of ordinary or known construction.
The press cylinder E and the differential accumulator are connected to a valve
box, to be hereafter described, by pipes H, I, J, and K.
L is the inlet pipe communicating with the valve box and armed with a hydraulic
valve M of ordinary and suitable construction. It is also provided with an outlet L'.
N is a pipe which communicates with a tank or reservoir not shown in the drawings.
The valve box is constructed as follows:-
0, 0, 0, 0³ are four compartments in tubular form united together by
passages 0, 0, 0, 07, 08; that is to say compartments 0 0' are connected
together by passages 0 0, and compartments 02 03 by passages 0* 07,
whilst compartments 0 and Os are further connected together by passage 08.
Passages 0*0** O*** respectively communicate with pipes H L and J
passages 010 011 013 respectively with pipes K, N and I; and passages 013 014
respectively with the ends of pipe 08.
In the compartments 0.01030 are arranged to slide the spindles 0° 010 011 012
which are constructed in any desired number of parts and are partly solid and
partly hollow so as to form valves and water ways for the passage or regulation of
the water to or from the press and differential accumulator as hereafter set forth.
In the drawings I have shown the spindles 0° 0° 0" O made in three portions,
their centre portions being made hollow and perforated as follows:-For spindles O
and there are three sets of perforations namely 013 014 01 in spindle O which
communicate respectively with passages 0, 0xx, 0%, and 0%, whilst spindle O¹² is
similarly provided with three sets of perforations O₁s 017 018 communicating with
passages 0 and O7..
In spindle 10 are provided four sets of perforations, namely 0 3 060 087
and O arranged to communicate as follows:-0" with passages 0 and 0***,
perforations with passage Ox, perforations O" with passages Ox and 0%, and
perforations 01 with passage 08. Two sets of perforations 038 and 0 are
provided in the spindle O" which communicates as follows namely, O with the
passages 0 and 010, whilst perforations 9 communicate with passages 04, 07,
and . The spindles 09 0 10 are connected by links O" to the lever 02

page_text: fulcrummed to the pillar O"; whilst spindles O" O" are similarly connected by
links to lever O³ fulcrummed to pillar Q". Weights 0 0 28 are provided on
levers 020 0 25.
Annular spaces () 31 (:) :) :( :) 3/3 surround spindle 0° and communicate respectively
with passages 04 O×× 013 and O³. Annular spaces 0 % 0 % 0 45 surround
spindle and communicate respectively with passages O***, 0, 0x and 05;
annular spaces 0 480 170 18 surround spindle O and communicate with
passages 0, 0, 041, 07, 01; annular spaces 0 19 0 0 0 51 surround spindle 012
and communicate with passages 07, 04, and O'.
U leathers or other suitable packings O" are also provided above and below the
perforations for making water tight joints around the spindles and through which
the latter work. The leathers O" are retained in position by removable metal
ring pieces O8 which in turn are secured in position by means of the nuts 0" 30
and which latter also form bearings for the spindles.
It will be seen on reference to the drawings that only when any of the
perforations in the spindles are moved below one of the hydraulic leathers O" that
the communication with a given passage is cut off, thus for instance as at Fig. 3 to
prevent the water passing directly from pipe K through passages 00 06 to 04 and
out at the perforations O in spindle O2 are moved as shown below the second
set of leathers in compartment 0%. In all cases water is prevented passing from
one annular space to another by the leathers 027.
P is a guide piece or stop for preventing the levers ( 20 ( ) 23 from rising too high
or falling too low and thereby removing unnecessary strain from the spindles.
Q is a stand upon which the valve box may be mounted.
Rare rams which may be solid as shown and either with or without reduced
portions sliding through the bottom of the cylinders R', or they may be in the
form of a fixed tubular ram with a cylinder sliding on the same and passing into
the compartments O and O. The rams R slide in cylinders R¹ and connected by
pipes R2 with the pipe H leading to the press cylinder E; and are employed
for automatically reversing the valve spindles, being placed under O³ and O", or if
desired under levers O and O. S is a hydraulic valve of ordinary construction
fixed to the pipe H for relief purposes and connected by pipe S with the reservoir
or tank.
T T are cylinders of the same or varying lengths, preferably of varying
lengths, and placed behind each other so that at Fig. 1 the cylinder T* is not seen.
In the said cylinders work the rams T¹ T** connected by pipe T with the pipe H
leading to the press cylinder E. On the top of each cylinder is fixed a pillar T
to which is pivoted a lever T' passing through the upper portion of one of the rams
and weighted respectively at T and T. To is a guide for preventing the lever T
rising too high or falling too low. Weights To T" are respectively attached to
the rams T and T** by chains T7 passing over pulleys T³. The weight T is
arranged to pass, when required, over the lever O2 near to the spindle O", and
the weight T to pass on to weight 02. When not in use the weights T T are
suspended clear of lever O2 so as not to interfere with its working.
The cylinders T and Tx and rams T and T** are provided solely for the
purpose of bringing the two weights T and T" into action so as to actuate the
valves and give the varying pressures in the order hereinafter described. In order
to cause the rams R, T and Txx to be actuated at the proper times and to give
the power necessary for any given amount of work required, the two weights T
and T as well as weights 0% and 028 will require to be adjusted on their
respective levers at the proper distances from their fulcra so that the pressure in
the pipe H which is the same in all the pipes connected therewith will actuate the
rams in the following order, as the pressure in the pipe H increases to overcome
the respective weights, namely:-First, to actuate the ram R in cylinder R' for
lifting the spindle O" to the position shown at Fig. 12; second, for actuating
ram Tx in cylinder Tx for lowering weight on to spindle 012 as shown at Fig. 14;
third, for actuating ram R in cylinder R under spindle O for lifting weight O³ as

page_text: shown at Fig. 15; fourth, for again actuating rani R in cylinder R' under spindle O¹³
for raising it and the weights O and T to the position shown at Fig. 18; fifth,
for actuating ram T¹ in cylinder T for lowering weight T" on to the weight 028
and causing it to descend to the position shown at Fig. 20.
It will readily be seen on reference to the various figures that during the upward
stroke of the piston G³ the valve spindles 0° 0° remain in the same position during
the whole of its upward stroke.
I will now describe the action of the valves for transmitting motion from the
accumulator to the press.
The levers 2003 are depressed to their lowest position as shown in the drawings
at Figs. 2 and 3, at the same time the piston G³, cylinder G', ram F and table D
are all at their lowest points. The valve M is opened to allow water to pass under
pressure from pumps or other convenient source through pipe L to passage Ox* in
compartment O through annular space 0% to perforations O, thence through
hollow portion of the spindle O2 and out through perforations into annular
space to fill up passage 05 and after doing so to passage 048 and from thence
through pipe 08 into annular space 0% of compartment O³, thence through
perforations OO down hollow portion of spindle O out through perforations 18
into annular space 019 into passage 07 and annular space 01 into passage 012 and
pipe I, thence into passage G and smaller cylinder G7 for raising the piston G³ in
the direction of arrow 1 in the cylinder G. When the piston G³ rises, any water
that may have previously entered the cylinder G, above the piston G³, is forced
therefrom by the piston through pipe J and enters the compartment O¹ through
passage Oxxx into annular area 04, passes through perforations O", down hollow
portion of spindle 01, out through perforations 0% into annular space 0 and
passage Ox to pipe H by which it is conveyed to press cylinder E for quickly
raising the ram F and table D to its work.
During the ascent of the piston G³ water is passed from the tank or reservoir
through pipe N into passage O" and annular area O" through perforations Os into
and up the hollow portion of spindle O" out through perforations 038 into annular
area and along passage 010 and pipe K to fill the space G (hereafter termed
annular area) in the cylinder G caused by the upward motion of the piston G³, but
it does no work.
Just before the piston G³ reaches say the top of its stroke the table D will have
quickly risen to its work and the pressure obtained by the continued rising of the
piston is employed for reversing the spindles 0%, 0%, the other two spindles "0"
being weighted for this operation to prevent them being altered. This is
accomplished by means of the sliding ram R (shown in Fig. 2 under the
spindle O) working in casing R¹ connected to the pipe H by pipe R. When the
table D has risen to its work the surplus pressure passes from the pipe H through
the pipe R to the ram R which owing to the pressure in pipe H not at this stage
being sufficient to lift the table D higher, increases in the pipes H and R2 until it
lifts the ram R and thus automatically changes the position of spindles 0° 0° to
that shown at Fig. 15 for giving the final pressure. Water then entering the
compartment through pipe L and passage Oxx into annular area O" passes
through perforations 014 018 into and up the hollow portion of spindle 0 out
through perforations O into annular area O", passage O, annular area 0, and
passage Oxxx, up pipe J into the top of the cylinder G at G* above the piston G³
which causes it to descend. The water that has previously been used in the small
cylinder G7 for raising the piston is now forced back through the passage G of the
fixed tubular ram through pipe I (see Fig. 3) into compartment 0 through
passage into annular area 18 along passage 07 into annular area 01 through
perforations 18, up the hollow portion of spindle O out through perforations 17 18
into annular area 00 and passage 0" along pipe 08 into compartment O (see
Fig. 15) through passage 03 into annular area O along passage O' into annular
area 0 through perforations O" 0" into and up the hollow portion of spindle O
out through perforations 0% into annular area (" and passage Ox to pipe H and

page_text: thence to the press cylinder E and ram F for giving the increased final pressure.
By admitting water to the cylinder G above the piston G³, by reason of the area of
the piston Gs being greater than that of the fixed ram Go the water in the smaller
cylinder will be forced through pipe I and passages as described to the pipe H for
imparting an increased pressure to the table D through the ram F.
On the descent of the piston G³ two operations are performed;-first, the water
in the annular space G¹ is returned to the tank or reservoir by the same way as
which it entered without performing any work; and second, the water which was
used for raising the piston G³ is used as just described for imparting the increased
pressure to the press ram F.
It will be readily understood in the above described operations when it is
required to quickly raise the table to its work, the water from the reservoir is
admitted to valves so as to pass to pipe I and passage Go to smaller cylinder G',
and by transmitting pressure from the small area of the said cylinder to the larger
area of the piston G³ the press ram F will be quickly raised: But when it is
required to impart an increased pressure to the ram F after it has been raised to
its work I reverse the spindles 09 and 10 to the position shown at Fig. 15 by
means of the ram R as described and then adinit water through pipe J to cylinder G
and the pressure is then imparted from the larger area of piston G³ to the 'smaller
area of the cylinder ('.
When the ram F is required to be returned to its lowest position in the
cylinder E, the valve M is then reversed so as to cut off the supply water through
pipe L and to open the outlet L' which causes the spindle O' and ram R to descend
to their lowest position and spindle 0" (see Fig. 2) to rise to its highest point
thereby removing all pressure from the table D and ram F which allows the latter
to fall to its normal position.
On the ram F falling the water which has been employed for raising it, is passed
through pipe H to passage Ox into annular- area (3 through perforations 37 into
and up the hollow portion of spindle (1º out through perforations into annular
space O××× and pipe J (the exit from passage O and annular space 03 being
closed by reason of the perforations Os being below or covered by the upper
double set of U leathers in the compartment O) for filling the cylinder G above
the piston and completing the downward stroke of the piston G³ and smaller
cylinder G. But should the piston G³ have reached the bottom of its stroke
before the whole of the water has been ejected from the press cylinder E then the
relief valve S may be opened to allow the water to pass directly from the pipe H
through pipe S₁ to the tank or reservoir.
At the same time the water in the smaller cylinder G' is by the descent of the
piston G³ forced through passage G, in the fixed tubular ram G8, into pipe 1,
passage 0 (see Fig. 3), annular space 08, passage 07, annular space 019 through
perforations 18 into and up the hollow portion of spindle O out through
perforations O", O, into annular space O and passage 0" along pipe 08 to
passage (see Fig. 2), in compartment. O, and annular space O³ through
perforations into and up hollow portion of spindle O' through perforations O
into annular space 03 and passage Oxx into pipe L and out to a tank through
outlet L of valve M.
During the passage of the water from the press cylinder E and smaller
cylinder G' as just described the water from the annular area Go under the
piston G³ is passed as already described through pipes K and N to the tank or
reservoir.
The apparatus is then ready for a repetition of the above described operation.
But when it is required to raise the piston G³ and press ram F, or to depress
the said piston and raise the press ram by varying pressures I proceed as
follows:-
The valve M is opened to admit the inlet water through pipe L to the valves.
The spindles to commence with are arranged as shown at Figs. 2 and 3 as
follows:-001 are down and 010 0¹¹ up.

page_text: The inlet water passes through passage Oxx into annular space O" through perfora-
tions OO down hollow portion of spindle O out through perforations into
annular area 03 and passage 043 (passage 05 being full of water and its exit.
closed by reason of the perforations O7 01 being between or closed by the lower
double set of leathers 027 in compartment O₁ to and along pipe O³ to passage O₁
and annular area 0%, thence through perforations 018 017 into and down the
hollow portion of spindle O2 and out through perforations 18 into annular area O",
passage O, annular area 018, passage 0" and pipe I by which it is conveyed to
the passage G of the fixed tubular ram into the smaller cylinder G' for raising the
piston G³ to the point in the cylinder G. Whilst this is being done the water
that has previously entered the cylinder G above its piston Gs will by the upward
motion of the same be forced along pipe J into compartment O' through
passage Oxxx (see Fig. 2) into annular area (" through perforations O", into and
down hollow portion of spindle 0 10 out through perforations 037 into annular
area and passage Ox to pipe H and press cylinder E for quickly raising the
press ram F and table D quickly to its work as previously described.
During the raising of the piston G³ and press ram F water is passed from the
tank to the annular area G, under the piston G³, through pipe N, passage 011, (see
Fig. 3) annular area O", perforations O, into and up hollow portion of the
spindle O", out through perforations 038 into annular area 01 (the passage 06
and annular area O" being filled with water and its exit closed by reason of the
perforations O¹ being below or covered by the upper set of double U leathers (27
in compartment O') and passage 0 to pipe K for conveyance to the annular
area Gio
On the piston G³ continuing to rise above point the pressure is by the
resistance of the bale or other work upon the press table and against the top B of
the press transmitted through pipes H and R2 to the ram R under the spindle O¹
which at once is raised to its highest point (see Fig. 12) and spindle O depressed
to its lowest position. The spindles OO being then weighted sufficiently to keep
them for the present stationary that is spindle O is down and spindle O⁰ is raised.
The inlet water now entering through pipe L (see Fig. 11) is directed to the
annular space G10 and the water from the tank passes to the smaller cylinder G³
for filling up purposes. That is to say, inlet water entering through pipe L passes
through passage Ox* annular area O, perforations 03 04 into, and down hollow
portion of spindle O, out through perforations O¹ into annular area 033, passage 043,
pipe 08, passage 0" (see Fig. 12) annular arca 0%, through perforations 017 018
into and up hollow portion of spindle O2 (perforations 18 being then sufficiently
covered or sealed by the lower set of double leathers O2 in compartment O³ to
prevent the water passing into annular area 0" below the said perforations) into
annular area O", along passage 06 into annular area O passage 010, pipe K to
annular area G-for lifting the piston G at a greater pressure than when it is
simply raised by water entering the smaller cylinder G7 through passage G in the
fixed tubular ram. The water from the cylinder G to the press cylinder E passes in
a similar manner from pipe J to pipe H as already described when the inlet water
passes to the smaller cylinder Gas spindles 0° 0° remain in the same position as
at Fig. 2. But the water from the tank now passes from pipe N into compartment O
through passage 0" (see Fig. 12) perforations O down hollow portion of spindle O
out through perforations 0% into annular area 08, passage O2, pipe I, passage G³
in fixed tubular ram to smaller cylinder G' for filling it.
The piston G³ during this operation say may rise between points x and x.
On the piston G³ rising above the point the pressure obtained therefrom not
being sufficient to raise the table D any higher, the pressure is then utilized for.
raising ram T', the cylinder in which it works being connected by pipe T2 with
the pipe H, which causes the weight T" to descend onto the lever O³ (see Fig. 14)
and to depress the said lever until the spindles () 11 0 13 are about midway in the
compartments 0 0³ see Fig. 14.. The spindles 0010 remaining in their former
position that is to say O' is at its lowest point (see Fig. 13) whilst O is at its

page_text: Οι
highest. The inlet water is now enabled to enter both the annular aren G10 and
smaller cylinder G at the same time (the water from the tank through pipe N
having been cut off) whereby the piston G' is raised to the top of its cylinder and
an increased pressure raising the table D still higher. The inlet water enters by
pipe L through passage Oxx (see Fig. 13) annular area O", perforations O" 0,
down hollow portion of spindle O' out through perforations Os into annular area
passage O, passage 08, passage 0" (see Fig. 14) annular area 0%, through
perforations, and escapes from the hollow portion of spindle O¹ through
perforations O and 018 respectively into annular areas 0 0 and passages 0° 0.
The water passing through passage 06 enters annular area 0" and passage (10 to
pipe K by which it is conveyed to the annular area G. The water passing into
passage enters annular area O₁ and passage O₁ to pipe I by which it is
conveyed to the passage G³, in the fixed tubular ram, and smaller cylinder G'.
By the above described means the piston G³ is raised to the top of cylinder G.
Just before the piston G' reaches the top of cylinder G the ram R under
spindle O is raised, by reason of the pressure not being sufficient to overcome the
resistance of the bale or its equivalent on the table D, and by the compression of
the water in the cylinder E and pipe H the pressure is transmitted to the ram R
for reversing the spindles ( and O10 that is, O is raised and O 10 lowered, see
Fig. 15 whilst spindles O"0" remain in the midway position, see Fig. 16. The -
inlet water entering the compartment O through passage Oxx (see Fig. 15) into
annular area 02, through perforations O Ore 1, passage O*, annular area 0,
hollow portion of spindle O
and out through perforations O18 into annular area
'
passage Oxxx to pipe J for conveyance to the top of the cylinder G for returning
the piston G in the direction of arrow 2 to point x. Whilst the piston G' is
descending to point a the water previously admitted to the annular area G10 and
smaller cylinder G' is passed to the press cylinder E for giving an increased
pressure to the ram F for raising table D as follows:-The water in annular
area Go is forced by the descent of the piston G³ through pipe K passage 00 (see
Fig. 16) annular area 01, passage 0%, annular area O", perforations O, down
hollow portion of spindle 01 and out through perforations O" into annular
area Opassage 0 to pipe 08. At the same time the water from cylinder G'
is passing through passage G of fixed tubular ram, pipe I, passage 0" (see Fig. 16)
annular area (), passage 07, annular area 01, perforations O1%, up hollow portion
of spindle O2 and out through perforations O17 into passage 044 where it joins the
water from pipe K and passes through pipe 08, passage 0"³, (see Fig. 15), annular
area 033, passage O³, annular area 04, perforations 01, 027, up hollow portion of
spindle and out through perforations 0% into annular area O, passage Ox
and pipe H by which it conveyed to the press cylinder E for. imparting the
extra pressure required for raising the table D.
Just before the piston G³ reaches the point a and in order to obtain a further
increase of pressure to be given to the ram F, 1 cause the ram R under spindle (
to be raised with the added weight T10 still on the lever O" (see Fig. 18) by means
of the compression of the water in cylinder E and pipes H and R2. This motion
moves spindle O" down to its lowest point, and spindle O¹ up to its highest
position. The ram T** being still kept by the pressure of the water raised allows
the chain T to become slack. The spindles 0 0 10 are respectively in their
highest and lowest position.
The inlet water entering at pipe L passes through passage 0** (see Fig. 17),
annular area 0, perforations 01 O, up hollow portion of spindle O', out through
perforations Os into annular area Os, passage 04, annular area O, passage O***
to pipe J and thence into the cylinder G for returning the piston say from
point to . During this portion of the piston's G' stroke the water in the sinall
cylinder G' is passed to tank through passage Go, pipe I, passage O", (see Fig. 18)
annular area (18, perforations O, hollow portion of spindle ", perforations O
annular area O, passage 0" and pipe N. The water from annular area GI mean-
while being passed through pipe K, passage 040, (Fig. 18) annular area O",
B
'

page_text: passage O, annular area O", perforations O, down hollow portion of spindle O", out
through perforations 0, 0, into annular area 050, passage O", pipe 08, passage O",
(see Fig. 17) annular area O, passage 0, annular area O". perforations ("7, 08,
up hollow portion of spindle 010, out through perforations 0%, into annular
area O, passage Ox and pipe N to press cylinder E for imparting the increased
pressure to ram F for raising the table D.
Before the piston G³reaches, say the point a¹, and when a still greater pressure is
required to be imparted to the press ram F, the lever O" is again weighted by the
second and heavier weight T" being lowered onto the weight 0% (see Fig. 20) for
returning spindle O" to its lowest point and raising spindle O to its highest
position. This is accomplished by the pressure being by the compression of the
water in pipe H transmitted through pipe T to cylinder T which raises ram T
and continues to lower the weight T" until the spindle O" is at the bottom of its
stroke and spindle O" raised to its highest point. The weight T being left
suspended in a midway position as shown at Fig. 20. The spindles 0° 0° are
respectively in their highest and lowest positions as shown at Fig. 19.
Inlet water enters pipe at L, passes through Oxx, (see Fig. 19) annular area O
perforations 0 0", up hollow portion of spindle 0%, out through perforation O¹³
into annular area O", passage (', annular area O", passage Oxxx to pipe J by
which it is conveyed into cylinder G for causing the piston G to descend say.
from point to the bottom of the cylinder for giving the final and increased
pressure to the bale or other work on the table D. During the descent of the
piston the water in annular area G passes therefrom through pipe K, passage O
(see Fig. 20) annular area O", perforations O, down hollow portion of spindle O",
out through perforations O" into annular area 017, passage O", and pipe N by
which it is conveyed to the tank. At the same time the water in the smaller
cylinder G7 passes through passage Go in fixed tubular ram, pipe I, passage 0" (see
Fig. 20) annular area O, passage 07, annular area 04, perforations 018, up hollow
portion of spindle O", out through perforations 01, 0", into annular area 05
passage O, pipe 08, passage 03 (see Fig. 19,) annular area O, passage O³,
annular area 015, perforations Q", O", up hollow portion of spindle O and out
through perforations into annular area 0%, passage Ox and pipe H by which it
is conveyed to press cylinder E for imparting the final and increased pressure to
the ram F for raising the table D.
When it is desired to return the rams F, R, T¹, T××, to their normal positions in
their respective cylinders, thereby raising the weights T T above the lever O"
to the position shown in drawings at Fig. 1 and as the piston G³ is now at its
lowest point and the cylinder G filled with water, I open valves M and S which at
once relieves the pressure on the rams F, R, T¹, and T** allowing them and the
spindles OO", by means of the weighted lever (20, to fall. The water in the
press cylinder E being passed through pipe H and escaping through outlet S' of
the valve S. But should the piston G only have travelled a portion of the distance
between and the bottom of the cylinder G then on opening the valves S and M
the water in the smaller cylinder G7 would then, as previously described, escape
through outlet L' of valve M, that is to say, the water is returned through the
same passages, annular areas, and perforations as the inlet water was passed to the
smaller cylinder G' as described for Fig. 2.
It will be readily understood from the herein described operations, that during
the raising of the piston G to its highest position, three distinct and varying
pressures may be imparted to the ram F and again on the descent of the piston
three more distinct and varying pressures may be also imparted to the said ram;
the pressure at which the inlet water is admitted may be the same for all of the
stages, namely, first, the pressure imparted to the ram F during the upward
traverse of the piston G, say between the bottom of the cylinder G and point .',
is below that at which the inlet water enters the smaller cylinder G7; secoud,
during the upward traverse of the piston, say. between points x and x, there is an
increase of pressure given to the ram but it is still less than the initial pressure

page_text: of the inlet water; third, a further increase of pressure is imparted to the ram F,
but still below the initial pressure of the inlet water, during the upward traverse.
of the piston between, say point and the top of the cylinder; fourth, on the
descent of the piston between say the top of cylinder and point the pressure is
increased above that of the inlet water, when the water from the annular area Go
and cylinder G is simultaneously passed to the ram F; fifth, a further increase of
pressure is obtained during the downward traverse of piston between, say points
and when the water in the annular area G" alone is passed to the ram F; sixth,
a still greater or maximum pressure is given to ram F during the downward
traverse of the piston between say point and the bottom of the cylinder when
the water is passed from the small cylinder G' through passage G³ in the fixed
tubular ram to the press cylinder E.
But when it is desired to apply my system of valves to that class of differential
accumulators or intensifiers in which a fixed tubular ram works in a hollow ram
which in turn works in a cylinder thereby dispensing with the piston G³ and using
only say fixed tubular ram G³, small cylinder Gas a hollow ram, and cylinder G
then a valve with only two spindles may be employed as shown at Figs. 7, 8 and 9.
In this arrangement of valves the pivot pillar O2 is also dispensed with.
For quickly raising the table D to its work the inlet water under pressure, say
from the pumps, is admitted through valve M, pipe L, passage Oxx, annular
area O, perforations O¹³, down hollow portion of spindle O, out through
perforations into annular area O", passage 0%, opening 013, to pipe I (owing to
the exit from passage 0 being closed) and thence through the passage G³ in the
fixed tubular ram to the small cylinder G' for raising it in the cylinder G. The
water previously adinitted to cylinder G is then forced through pipe J,
passages Oxxx, 04, annular area 34, perforations O, into and down spindle 010,
out through perforations 0% into annular area O", passage Ox to pipe H and
thence to press cylinder E, whereby the ram F is quickly raised, but at a reduced
pressure.
The spindle which is weighted at 0% on lever 0% to keep it down in the
compartment O, the lever 00 is now raised to a midway position (the top of
spindle O forming the fulcrum) automatically by the pressure being conveyed
from pipe H through pipe R' to cylinder R₁ for operating ram R for moving
spindle O down to the bottom of its stroke. The inlet water is now admitted
through valve M, passage Oxx, annular area 03, perforations (1, down
spindle O, out through perforations O", into annular area O³, passage O³ (the
small cylinder G7 being then at the top of its stroke and pipe I being already
filled) annular area O, through perforations 0%, up hollow portion of spindle O,
out through perforations O", into annular area Os, passage Ox and pipe H to
the press cylinder E at the same pressure at which it enters the compartment O.
On the ram R being again lifted by the surplus pressure from the pipe H the
lever 020 lifts the spindle 0° to its highest point (the top of spindle 0" then
forming the fulcrum) the spindle O remaining down. The inlet water passes
through valve M, pipe L, passage 0**, annular area O, perforations O, up
hollow portion of spindle O, out through perforations O, into annular area Oi,
passages 0, 0xxx, and pipe J for conveyance to the cylinder G for depressing
the smaller cylinder G. The water employed for raising the smaller cylinder
is now utilized for giving the increased pressure to the press ram F. During
the downward stroke of the smaller cylinder G' the water therein is forced
through passage G of the fixed tubular ram into and through pipe I,
passages 00³, annular area O", perforations O", up hollow portion of
spindle O, out through perforations O³, into annular area 0%, passage Ox and:
pipe H from which it passes to the press cylinder E for raising the ram Fat.
an increased pressure.
By opening valves M and S (the former valve a little before the latter) all
pressure is relieved and the rams F and R, and spindle O' returned to their lowest
position as shown in the drawinge. But should the cylinder G' not have reached its

page_text: lowest point when the valves S and M are opened the water from press cylinder E.
then passes through pipe H, passage Ox, annular area 0%, perforations 0, up
hollow portion of spindle Oo, through perforations 0%, into annular area O",
passages 0, 0xxx, and pipe J to cylinder G for returning the small cylinder G7 to
its lowest position by the weight of the table D. Any water in the small
cylinder G' then is passed through the passage G in fixed tubular ram, pipe I,
passages 0, 0, annular area O", perforations O", up hollow portion of spindle Oº,
out through perforations Os into annular area 0%, passage Oxx to pipe L and
outlet L. But should the smaller cylinder G' be at the bottom of its stroke when
the valves S and M are opened the water from the press cylinder E will then pass
directly therefrom through pipe H and valve S to outlet S¹.
It will be readily understood from the herein described operations that three
distinct and varying pressures may be imparted to the ram F; first when the
smaller cylinder G is raised to its highest point in cylinder G the pressure
imparted to the ram F is less than that of the inlet water as it enters the pipe L;
second, the inlet water is allowed to pass through the valves and admitted to the
press cylinder E at the same pressure as it enters the pipe L; and third, a full or
increased pressure is obtained from cylinder G' through passage G of the fixed
tubular ram.
By the use of the herein described valve the employment of additional check
valves is obviated.
In the drawings 1 have shown an arrangement of valves at Figs. 1 to 20 which
will readily perform all the functions required in carrying this invention into
practice, but I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to
this precise arrangement, as other suitable arrangements may be employed in place
thereof. I would also further have it understood that I am aware that various
methods and arrangements of hydraulic apparatus have been proposed for utilizing
the water employed for one portion of their operation for afterwards imparting a
final pressure, and also for returning the piston to its lowest position I therefore do
not claim such broadly except when obtained by the means and in the manner
substantially such as herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The arrangement and combination of valves, cylinders, and pistons, inlets and
outlets substantially as herein before described, by means of which the pressure of
water and the speed of hydraulic rams may be regulated according to the work
which has to be performed, that is to say, the combination of the cylinder G
with the smaller cylinder G' with the fixed tubular ram GB and spindles 0, 0¹º,
O", O2, working in compartments O, O', 0, 0³, and pipes H, I, J, K, L, N
and O whereby by exposing at different times different areas to the action of
the inlet water and at the same time different areas to the water which
communicates with the hydraulic press, the hydraulic press may be fed with
more or less water and at a greater or less pressure from time to time as may be
desired.
2. The arrangement and combination of spindles, annular areas, passages and
other parts substantially as herein before described by means of which water
may be admitted to the cylinder of a bydraulic press at different stages of
pressure as may be desired, that is to say, first, for raising the piston G³ in the
cylinder G and raising ram F by water therefrom through pipe J; (a) by
cylinder G' at a low pressure, (b) at an increased pressure by ram R auto-
matically reversing spindles 011 012 and admitting inlet water only to annular
area G, (c) at a further increased pressure but still below that of the inlet
water by ram T automatically adding weight T10 for bringing the spindles OO
to a midway position whereby the inlet water simultaneously passes to cylinder G²
and annular area G; second, for depressing the piston and imparting pressures

page_text: above that of the inlet water (d) by ram R automatically reversing the spindles O'
(raised) 01 (lowered) for allowing the water from annular area Go and
cylinder G' to pass to cylinder E; (e) by ram R automatically raising spindle O
and its added weight To increasing the pressure given to ram F by water passing
from annular area Go only; (f) by ram T** automatically lowering weight Ti
on to weight O" to force spindle O₁ to the bottom of its stroke for obtaining
a full and increased pressure from water passing from cylinder G' to ram F.
3. The arrangement and combination of spindles, passages, annular areas and
passages substantially as herein described whereby the operation of cylinders G
and G with the fixed tubular ram G is regulated and controlled and water
admitted to cylinder E at different pressures, that is to say, the combination of
compartments having partly hollow and perforated spindles (armed with weighted
levers and actuated by rams) working therein, and communicating with annular
areas and passages arranged between sets of hydraulic leathers placed back to
back, and in conjunction with weights capable of being raised and lowered by
rams as set forth.
4. In a valve for use with hydraulic presses and accumulators, the combination
of compartments 001 03 0³ having spindles 0' 01° ("O" working therein, said
spindles being partly hollow and perforated and attached to weighted levers 030, 0",
hydraulic leathers 07 surrounding said spindles and arranged in sets and back to
back for preventing the leakage of water from the annular areas, annular areas
communicating with passages leading to the several compartments and pipes
connecting the valves with the hydraulic apparatus, pipe 08 for connecting the two
sets of compartments together, and a ram R working in cylinder R¹ and connected
by pipe R with the press cylinder pipe for automatically reversing the "said
spindles as set forth.
5. In a valve for use with hydraulic apparatus the combination of the compart-
ments 0, 0, 0, 0, having annular areas and passages connecting them together,
pipe Oconnecting compartments 0, 0³, together, spindles 0%, (1º ()11, 01,
working in said compartments and made partly hollow and perforated as described,
weighted levers connected by links to said spindles, hydraulic leathers with metat
rings or blocks interposed between them, said leathers arranged in sets and back
to back for preventing leakage of water from said annular areas, rams R
working in cylinders R' and connected by pipes R' to the press pipe H for
automatically reversing the said spindles, pipes H, I, J, K and N respectively
connected with the compartments, press, accumulator and tank as described,
valves M and S connected to pipes L and H, and weights T T automatically
lowered by rams T₁ T**, working in cylinders T T and pipes T2 connected to
pipe H, when a series of different pressures are required to be imparted to the
press F during the upward or downward (or both) stroke of the piston G³ of the
accumulator, as set forth.
Dated this Touth do. of A1 1005
WALTER JAMES,
By W. Fairburn-Hart,
Agent.