Improvements in or connected with Machinery or Means for Breaking up Roads and other Surfaces.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 29th Oct.. 1892-Accepted, 28th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Machinery or Means for
Breaking up Roads and other Surfaces.
We, ARTHUR ANNESLEY VOYSEY, of 101, Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London, in the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, and HAROLD HERON
HOSACK, of Formby, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide improvements or improved machinery
for breaking up roads, streets, and other surfaces.
In some cases, when our improvements are combined directly (or indirectly),
with a road roller or traction engine, the weight of the roller or engine itself may
be adapted to keep the tools in the ground when the form of tools used are such as
require weight to keep them in.
In one form the tools may be dragged or pushed through the macadam or other
material, and may be adjustable in this case (and in others also) so that they may
be raised or lowered or otherwise moved, as desired, by frames, bars, screw or other
equivalent means of raising, or the like.
In some instances the tools may be fixed in a frame or carrier, whilst in others
they may be rotated; or, again the tools may have traversing, or reciprocating
motion.
When the tools used have motion independent of, or in addition to, that of the
roller or the traction engine, such movement may be imparted from the engine of
the traction engine or road roller, through belt, chain and sprocket, toothed, screw,
or equivalent gear, or, by a separate mechanical, electric, or other motor, directly
or indirectly.
When the tools are of the rotary type, such tools may be fixed on suitable shafts,
discs, or equivalent devices; and their axes, in some cases, are vertical or inclined,
whilst in others they are horizontal, or nearly so.
In a modification, the tools may be mounted on a separate truck or carriage, and
driven, actuated, or propelled by a separate, suitable, portable motor, or locomotive
motor.
In another modification, the tools may be mounted or fixed in articulated or
equivalent holders, and fitted or adapted to be fitted onto road roller or traction engine
road wheels; or, they may be fitted in some instances to a separate barrel or roller.
As a modification of this, the tools may be mounted on a tool holder or carrier, and
adapted to pass through the periphery of a wheel or roller, and be withdrawn there-
from, such tools passing through said periphery as it comes in contact with the
road or other surface.
In some cases, we may employ lifting and falling tools in combination with the
improvements herein described. In such a case such tools may be mounted on a
raising and lowering frame, or not, as desired; and they may be lifted and allowed
to fall, off and onto, the surface to be broken by a special or separate motor, or
when combined with a road roller or traction engine directly, they may be driven
from the engine thereof, or a separate one connected therewith.
In some cases, the tools may be made reversible and fixed in the tool holder
without any special device for holding them in, or with such a device, as may be
most expedient; or, the tool holder may be reversible in some cases.
The improvements according to this invention may be used in part or in whole
in combination with machinery herein described; or, they may be used, one or
more of them, in part or in whole with road breaking machines, of types or forms
other than those particularly specified herein, without departing from the invention.
d

page_text: Also, the improvements, the nature of which have been above described may be
carried out by different means and in different manners, and other than those above
particularly referred to.
Dated this 28th day of December 1891.
HEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Machinery or Means for
Breaking up Roads and other Surfaces.
We, ARTHUR ANNESLEY VOYSEY, of 101, Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London, in the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, and HAROLD HERON
HOSACK, of Formby, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to provide improvements in or improved
machinery for breaking up roads, streets, or other surfaces.
In some cases, when our improvements are combined directly (or indirectly)
with a road roller or traction engine, the weight of the roller or engine itself may
be adapted to keep the tools in the ground when the form of tools used are such as
require weight to keep them in.
In one form the tools may be dragged or pushed through the macadam or other
material, and may be adjustable in this case (and in others also) so that they may
be raised or lowered or otherwise moved, as desired, by frames, bars, screw or other
equivalent means of raising, or the like.
In some instances the tools may be fixed in a frame or carrier, whilst in others
they may be rotated; or again, the tools may have reversing or reciprocating
motion.
When the tools used have motion independent of, or in addition to, that of the
roller or the traction engine, such movement may be imparted from the engine of
the traction engine or road roller, through belt, chain and sprocket, toothed, screw,
or equivalent gear, or, by a separate mechanical, electric, or other motor, directly
or indirectly.
When the tools are of the rotary type, such tools may be fixed on suitable shafts,
discs, or equivalent devices; and their axes, in some cases, are vertical, or inclined,
whilst in others they are horizontal, or nearly so.
In one modification, the tools may be mounted on a separate truck, or carried,
and driven, actuated or propelled by a separate, suitable, portable motor, or
locomotive motor.
In another modification, the tools may be mounted or fixed in articulated or
equivalent holders, and fitted or adapted to be fitted onto road roller or traction
engine road wheels; or, they may be fitted in some instances to a separate barrel
or roller. As a modification of this, the tools may be mounted on a tool holder or
carrier, and adapted to pass through the periphery of a wheel or roller, and be
withdrawn therefrom, such tools passing through said periphery as it comes in
contact with the road or other surface.
In some cases the tools may be made reversible and fixed in the tool holder
without any special device for holding them in, or with such a device as may be
most expedient; or, the tool holder may be reversible in some cases.
Examples of our invention embodying the improvements, the nature of which is
above described, are shewn in the drawings hereto annexed, and forming part
of this Specification.
In these drawings,
Figure 1 is a side elevation shewing one form of rotary tool type according to
this invention: Figure 2 being a plan of samo

page_text: Figure 3 is a sectional elevation; and Figure 4 is a plan of another arrangement
of rotary tool road breaking apparatus, according to this invention.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively sectional elevation and plan of an arrangement
according to this invention, in which the tools are dragged through the road or
surface to be broken.
Figures 7 and 8 are respectively side elevation and plan of a modified arrange-
ment of the apparatus shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
Figures 8 and 88 are plan and elevation of another modified arrangement of the
mode of actuating the tools shewn in Figures 4 and 5.
Figures 9 and 10 are respectively elevation and plan of an arrangement under
this invention, wherein the tools are moved to and fro at right angles to the
direction of motion of the steam roller or traction engine.
Figures 11 and 12 are respectively side elevation and plan of road breaking
apparatus combined with a steam road roller or traction engine, wherein the tools
are pushed through the road or other surface.
Figures 13 and 14 are, respectively, a side elevation and end view partly in
section, of a road breaking mechanism wherein the breaking apparatus is combined
with the road wheels of a road roller or traction engine.
Figures 15 and 16 are side elevation and end view in section of another arrange-
ment where the breaking mechanism is directly combined with the road wheel of
the roller or traction engine.
Figure 17 is a longitudinal elevation, partly in section, and Figure 18 is a cross
section of a construction of rotary form of tool holder.
Throughout the drawings, the same letters and figures of reference are used to
denote the same, like, or equivalent parts, wherever they occur.
With reference in the first instance to Figures 1 and 2, the arrangement therein
shewn consists, principally, of a motor (namely, a road roller or traction engine),
a frame or truck connected thereto, and a tool holder, the tools being mounted in a
barrel and adapted to be revolved. A designates, generally, the motor, say an
ordinary road steam roller or traction engine, of which a is the tender or rear tank,
a' are the hinder road wheels, and a² is the flywheel. are brackets fitting on the
sides of the tank or tender d, and secured thereto by bolts and nuts b', said bolts
passing through slotted apertures b² in b, whereby longitudinal adjustment of the
brackets (and, as hereafter described, the drive chain) is obtained. The ends of
these brackets form bearings. X generally, designates the part of the machinery
on which the breaking tools are provided and carried. In this case, this machinery
comprises side frames c connected to the brackets b by the shaft d, which revolves
in the bearings thereof; supporting and running wheels e mounted on the outside
of c; cross rods f connecting the two side frames c together; bars y fixed to the
frames c for regulating and supporting the tool holder; a movable tool holder
frame, adjustable laterally, and consisting of said plates h, connecting rods h, and
bearings on the plates ; a tool holder barrel mounted on a shaft j supported
by the bearings ; tools k fixed in the barrel i; a shaft connecting the upper
corners of the tool carrier fratne plates together; a supporting piece in sliding
on, and having an upper screwed vertical part m' fitted and adapted to rotate therein,
and having actuating handles m² fixed thereon; a nut n (through which m¹ screws)
supported and adapted to slide longitudinally in the bars g; and a set nut n³ with
handle to tighten and lock the screwed rod m in the nut n.
The tool holder i is fixed on the shaft j, and is driven from the motor A through
a sprocket wheel 1 (which may be on the crank shaft of the engine); a pitch
chain 2, driven by 1; a sprocket wheel 3, fixed on the shaft d and driven by 2; a
sprocket wheel 4, also fixed on d, and driving the pitch chain 5; a sprocket wheel 6
fixed on the shaft 7, mounted and adapted to rotate in the side frames and driven
by the chain 5 sprocket wheel 8 mounted loosely and adapted to slide on the
square shaft 7, and driven thereby; and a pitch chain 10 driven by 8, and driving
the sprocket wheel 11, which is fixed upon the tool shaft j. Thus, in action, when the
C,

page_text: engine of the roller or traction engine is set in motion and propels the roller, it
also rotates the tools k.
The breaking of the road or other surface may be effected when the engine is
going either forwards or backwards. This is a considerable advantage.
The rotation of the tools may be arranged to take place in the same direction as
that of the road wheels, or in a contrary direction. In the drawings they are
adapted to revolve in the contrary direction to the road wheels, but by introducing
suitable gear, say two or four spur wheels on and between the shafts d and 7, the
tools will revolve in the same direction as the road wheels.
By adjusting the bearing plates on the tank a, any desired tension on the pitch
chain 2 can be obtained.
The front part of the frames e, as will be seen, are connected to, and the whole
mechanism is propelled by, the roller A from the shaft d, while the rear part of
the said frame is supported by the wheels e; and the frames c with the cross rods f
and bars g constitute a carriage or truck. The wheels e are mounted practically
in the same vertical plane as the axis of the tool holder i, or nearly so; by
arranging these wheels and tools in this relation to each other, the depth to which
the tools & enter into the surface of the road, will be the same at all times and in
all conditions of its surface, since the contour of the surface of the road is followed
by the wheels e.
As already stated, this mechanism provides for the tool holder and tools being
adjusted transversely or laterally. This is done by shifting the tool holder carrier
along its supporting rods f, and moving the nut n along the grooved inside edges
of the bars g, the said nut having rounded sides which slide in the plates. This
transverse or lateral adjustment of the tools enables the edges or sides of the road or
other surface to be broken.
To lift up the tool carrier, or to lower it onto the ground, the rod m¹ is rotated
by the handles m²; and it (the rod m¹) being mounted at its lower end in the piece
or block m, it passes upwards or downwards through the nut n and so moves the
tool carrier up or down. The tool holder plates or frames, when being lifted or
lowered, move or rock about their supporting rods f, the parts of said plates at
which the rods pass through them being slotted out as shewn by the dotted line
at 3 to allow of the required amount of movement.
In the arrangement shewn in Figures 3 and 4, the tools & are upright or inclined
and are rotated axially; that is, each tool is rotated. The tools, in this case, are
fixed in tool holding shafts k', which are supported by, and revolve in, a general
holder i, and their upper ends are each provided with a spur wheel meshing with
its neighbour, the first shaft k¹ being driven from the shaft j by the bevel wheels k³,
while the shaft ; itself is driven in the same manner as that set forth with reference
to Figures 1 and 2.
It will be seen that the general construction of the mechanism X in this case is
the same as that shewn in Figures 1 and 2. It is preferred that in going ahead,
the tools should be inclined in the direction of the line marked " Ahead," while
for going astern they should assume the angle of the line marked "Astern."
These positions are fixed by moving the tool holder i about on the shaft j of the
tool holder to the required degree, and then inserting a holding pin through one of
the holes k in the side frame h, and through a corresponding hole & in the flanges k
and of the tool holder and shaft j. In addition to this a key may be driven in
into keyways k in the end of the shaft j. This shaft in this case is in two end parts,
each being provided with a flange which is bolted to the flanges k of the tool
holder.
It may be here remarked that this sectional view of the mechanisın X will serve
also to make the general construction of the tool holding mechanism in Figures 1
aud 2 more clear.
As regards the form of the tools used in apparatus of the kind shewn in Figures 3
aud 4, these may be of the worm or corkscrew kind as shewn, or of pointed fluted

page_text: form, or plain rectangular shaped tools of any suitable kind may be used. When
of screw form they should be arranged to act alternately right and left hand to
neutralize side thrust. In this case also (Figures 3 and 4) the wheels e are mounted
practically in or near the vertical plane in which the shaft lies, for the purpose
of causing the depth of insertion of the tool to be constant, whether the road surface
be even, or rough or undulating.
In cases where the weight of the road roller or traction engine is not employed
to keep the tools in the road surface, the weight of the mechanism is caused to do
so, and therefore it is made sufficiently heavy to prevent the tools jumping out of
the road, say when they come on particularly hard bits of road. By our invention,
to avoid having to raise such a weight off the surface when it is desired to raise the
tools out of the ground, the tool carrier in most cases (as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, 7, and 8, and others) is mounted on the main frame, carriage, or truck (which is
the heaviest part of the machinery) and is raised thereon without having to lift the
whole weight, but at the same time when the tools are lowered, the whole weight
of the main carriage, frame, or truck, which is supported on its running wheels,
comes on the tools to keep them in.
In Figures 5 and 6 the tool (or tools, when more than one are used) is mounted
in a holder i, supported upon the frame having supporting wheels e; and the tool k
is supported in this holder i, and adapted to be oscillated pivotally by cams ³,
In this case also the tool or tools k lie
mounted on the inner side of the wheels e.
practically or nearly in the same plane, vertically, which passes through the
centres of the wheels e, and so ensures the depth of insertion of the tools being
constant.
The stem of the tool k is fixed firmly in the holder i, but is free to reciprocate in
its bearing in the frame c. The action in this arrangement is, that as the wheels e
revolve by their contact with the road surface, the cams k³ cause the tool holder i
to be rocked about its bearing, thereby giving constant motion to the point of the
tool in the macadam, whereby its entrance into the fresh macadam to be broken,
and its passage through it, is facilitated.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate an arrangement in which the tools are mounted, as in
Figures 5 and 6, but in a tool holder of the kind set forth with reference
to Figures 3 and 4, the tools being rocked pivotally by the cam k³, motion from
which is communicated to the tool shanks or spindles by levers and rod. The
tools in this case may also be inclined in the manner set forth with reference to
Figures 3 and 4. Otherwise than in these respects the mechanism in Figures 7
and 8 is constructed and worked in the same manner as that set forth with reference
to Figures 3 and 4.
As regards the mode of mounting tools in the manner set forth with reference
to Figures 3 to 8, they may, as a modification, and in lieu of moving them as
described with reference to such figures, be fixed, and be mounted in an inclined
direction, and in or nearly in the same plane as the axis of the wheels e of the
tool carrier, for the purpose of obtaining equal or constant depth of insertion, as
previously specified. In such a case, therefore, the tools would be fixed in a
carrier or holder, and be dragged or pushed along by the road roller or traction
engine, and would receive no other motion from the engine. In such a case
therefore all driving mechanism and accessories would be dispensed with.
In some cases, the mechanism X may be mounted onto three or four wheels, so
that none of its weight is taken by the road roller or traction engine. Vibration
0 on the roller or engine would, by such an arrangement, be largely diminished.
The mechanism would then be connected at its fore ends by links or equivalent
means to the roller or traction engine, and be propelled, as herein described. This
mode of mounting the mechanism may be applied to any of the arrangements
herein described, in which, the weight of the mechanism serves to press and keep
5 the tools in the surface. An example is shown in dotted lines in Figure 8ª,
wherein are fore wheels and e³ connecting links.
The mechanism illustrated in Figures 84 and 8B is of the kind wherein the

page_text: supporting wheels e are employed to actuate the tools. In this case, the weight of
the mechanism on the wheels is utilized to operate the tools as is done in the
arrangement shewn in Figures 4 and 5. To ensure the tractive force of the
wheels being sufficient for the purpose, they may be roughened or spiked, in some
cases. The tool-holder shewn in this case is of the rotary type; but any of those
shewn herein may be used. Motion is obtained from a wheel or wheels e by a
rack e' on the inside of same, which gears with a pinion 3 mounted on the shaft d',
motion from which is transmitted to the tool-holder by spur gearing 4 and 6, and
sprocket wheels 8 and 11, and pitch chain 10, as in Figures 1 and 2, and others.
It will be seen, in this case, that the main difference between it and those shewn in
Figures 1 to 4 and 7 and 8, is that the tools are driven by the weight of a
mechanism X itself, through the wheels e by the forward or backward propelling
action, that is movement, of the road roller or traction engine, instead of through
gearing from the engine.
Such an arrangement may if desired be placed between the fore wheels of a
traction engine and driven by a rack therein in the same way.
In the modification of our invention shewn in Figures 9 and 10, the tools k
have reverse traversing motion, the movement thereof being effected from the
fly-wheel a pitch chain 2; pulley or sprocket wheel 3, on the shaft d (which is
mounted in the brackets 63 fixed to the tank a); pulleys 4, also on the shaft d;
belts 5 and pulleys 6 mounted on one of the two screwed threaded shafts ; on
which the tool holders i are mounted and work. The screw threaded shafts jare
supported in side frames c fixed on the tank a, the shaft nearest the tank being
operated from the other through the spur wheels j¹.
The effect or action in this case is, that the tool holders are moved from one
end of said screwed shafts to the other. To effect the repeated movement of the
tools backward and forward on the said shaft, we use triple pulleys 4 and 6, and
two belts, one being a cross one; and in connection with these belts we provide a
fork o having tappets o', in contact with which, one of the two tool holders i comes
at the end of its outward and inward strokes. The effect of this is, that the belt
forked rod o2 is moved first in one way, and then the other, switching off the belts
from the outer and middle wheels, to the middle and inner wheels, in the manner
commonly arranged and used in planing and other machinery. In this case, as the
roller or traction engine a moves along, a series of zigzag breakings of macadam
or other surfaces are effected.
The tool holders are prevented from turning about on the shaftsj by rods p
fixed in the bracket c, and passing through the holders i.
The road breaking apparatus illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 is of the kind
shewn in Figures 5 to 8, the tools being fixed in a tool holder in the manner of the
modification referred to with reference to Figures 3 to 8. In this case, however,
the breaking mechanism is disposed between the front and back road wheels of the
steam roller or traction engine A, the tool holder i being connected with the roller
by the side bars or frames c. As shewn by the drawing, the weight of the roller
or engine A may be applied to keep the tools k in the ground by the screw rod m²,
which rests in a socket m³, fixed on the underside of the roller A. In connection
with the rod m', a nut n is employed, which rests on the top of the tool holder i,
and on this nut is a suitable turning bar m², by which the nut n can be rotated and
pressure applied to the tool carrier from the roller or engine A.
If, however, the tool holder or carrier and side links or frames c be sufficiently
heavy to keep the tools in the ground, or the tools so made as to keep themselves
in, the screwed rod m' and the nut n, that is the pressure mechanism, may be dis-
pensed with. The wheels e which support the tool holder i are mounted practically
or nearly in the same vertical plane in which the tools are disposed, and thus in this
case also, a constant depth of insertion of the tools is obtained, even if the roads
be uneven.
In action, the tools are pushed or dragged through the road surface to be broken
by the motion of the road roller or engine A. By adapting the tools or tool

page_text: holders to be reversed, or by using straight or double ended tools, the apparatus
may be used to break the surface when going in either direction.
In the arrangement shewn in Figures 13 and 14, the breaking mechanism is
combined directly with the road wheel of a road roller or traction engine. The
tools k in this case are mounted on a barrel holder i, which is mounted directly on
the tank a by a shaftj fixed on said tank; and in the periphery of the wheels, a',
holes are provided, as shewn, so that the tools k gear or mesh with the rim of the
wheels a', and project through it into the surface of the road, as shewn, and thereby
rotate the tool holder and tools, and break up the surface. To lift the tool holder
and tools up out of gear with the wheel a', the support or journal of the tool holder
may be adjustable vertically by any suitable known means or device.
This
In the arrangement or modification shewn in Figures 15 and 16, the road
breaking mechanism is mounted directly on the periphery of the road wheel, of
the roller or traction engine. The mechanism consists of a number of links or
plates in which the tools k are held and fixed. These links or plates are secured
to each other at each end by pin joints r. The tool holders may be kept on the
rims of the wheels a' by overlapping, flanges provided on such holders.
mechanism may be disconnected by withdrawing a pin from one of the joints r,
when they will of course easily come away. To fix the mechanisin on a wheel,
one end of the separated joint is made fast to the rim of the wheel, in any suitable
way, and then the wheel is run on to the other plates by driving the engine forward,
and then the joint can be fixed up by inserting the joint pin.
The tool holder i shewn in Figures 17 and 18, consists of discs, each having
tapered recesses in their sides to receive the haft end of the tools k, and a square
aperture in the centre, through which a square tool holding shaft (designated in
the previous figures) is adapted to pass. The discs are held together, and the
tools thereby held in place, by bolts which pass through them all as shewn, the
plate being provided at one end to hold the tools in the adjacent disc. Or,
the discs may be held, by nuts screwing on threaded corners of the shaft, j; or by
cotters passed through the shaft.
The dotted radial lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in Figure 18, shew the centres of the
tools of the successive discs which being in advance of each other, make a spiral
arrangement when in position. Such an arrangement enables the tools to be driven
economically as regards power. However, this particular arrangement of tools
need not be employed in all cases.
The tools shewn, as will be seen, are of diamond form in cross section. This
form is a suitable one, and enables the surface breaking mechanism to operate
equally on the road, whether the engine is going forward or backwards.
This invention has been mainly described with respect to its use for breaking up
macadam roads, but it is to be understood that it is equally applicable, that is,
all or some of the constructions described are applicable, for breaking up like,
equivalent, or analogous hard surfaces.
In the application of the invention to the breaking up of macadam roads, the
tools will be adapted to enter the surface thereof to the extent of only a few
inches, say from two to four, in most cases, as these depths are those to which it is
most particularly desired to limit the entrance of the tools into the macadam,
and this is done by the wheels e, in or near the vertical plane in which they lie, the
said tool holders are mounted.
It will be observed, particularly, with reference to Figures 1 to 8, and 11 to 16,
that the machinery or mechanism for breaking up surfaces is combined directly
with a locomotive road roller or traction engine, and that the means of connection
of said mechanism with the roller or traction engine are of such a nature that it
can be easily and quickly removed, so rendering the engine or roller capable of
being used for ordinary or other purposes. On the other hand, of course the
mechanism can be quickly connected or fixed on the roller or traction engine. It.
can also be applied to existing locomotive road rollers or traction engines, as those
marked A in the drawings are according to common and well known types.

page_text: In some cases, in lieu of having a part of the weight of the mechanism X
borne by the road roller or traction engine, in cases where such mechanism is
connected and supported as in Figures 1 and 2, or in equivalent ways, it may
be counterbalanced. This may be effected by extending the frames c on the
side opposite to its attachment to the engine or roller, or by providing suitable
extensions thereon, and applying weight thereto, which may be done by putting
sufficient mass in the extensions or by any other suitable way of applying
weight.
Having now fully described, and illustrated by examples, the nature of our
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in conclusion, we desire
to remark, that the various novel features herein described (which are more par-
ticularly pointed out or referred to in the following clauses) may be employed
individually, as well as conjointly, in any apparatus or machinery for breaking up
macadam roads and like or equivalent surfaces to which they are suitable, since
they are not necessarily dependent upon each other; they may obviously
therefore be employed, one or more of them, in road breaking or equivalent
surface breaking machinery, which, in other 'features, may differ from what we
have shewn and what we claim in respect of or under the herein described
invention is :-
1. In machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads or analogous, or
like surfaces, a frame, carriage, or truck, propelled or adapted to be propelled
by a road roller or traction engine; a tool holder or holders mounted or sup-
ported thereon; and wheels connected to and supporting the said frame, carriage,
or truck, such wheels being mounted in or near the same vertical plane in which
the tools are mounted or lie, whereby a constant depth of insertion of tools in the
surface to be broken is obtained in all conditions of said surfaces.
2. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous,
or like surfaces, consisting of or comprising a road roller or traction engine; a
frame, truck, or carriage, fixed to the rear part thereof, and supporting a tool
holder and tools; and wheels supporting same, and disposed in or near the same
vertical plane in which the tools are mounted and work, the tools being adapted to
be dragged or pushed through the surface to be broken by the locomotion of the
roller or traction engine.
3. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or like
surfaces, having a rotary tool holder arranged and mounted in a carrier supported
in a frame, truck, or carriage, substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 1
and 2, said frame, truck, or carriage, being attached to or adapted to be attached
to, a road roller or traction engine.
4. Apparatus or machinery for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
like surfaces, in which tools are supported in a suitable tool carrier adapted
to be connected to a road roller or traction engine, and receive reciprocating
or rocking motion; substantially in the manner set forth with reference to
Figures 5 and 6.
5. In apparatus or machinery for breaking up roads or analogous, or like
surfaces, adapting the tools to be moved and held in an inclined position in either
direction, whereby the apparatus may be propelled in either direction forwards or
backwards; substantially as set forth.
6. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
like surfaces, comprising or consisting of a frame, carriage, or truck, adapted to
be connected with a road roller or traction engine substantially in the manner
herein set forth; and a tool holder adjustable transversely or laterally on said
frame, carriage, or truck; for the purposes specified.
7. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
like surfaces, comprising a frame, carriage, or truck, adapted to be connected to a
road roller or traction engine, substantially in the manner herein set forth; a tool

page_text: noiding frame or carrier mounted on said frame, carriage, or truck, and adapted to
be raised and lowered or vertically adjusted; substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
8. In machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
5 like surfaces, the combination with a road roller or traction engine, of a frame,
carriage, or truck, connected to said roller or traction engine at the rear part
thereof as described, by a movable joint, and having its opposite end supported
on wheels; a tool holding carrier or frame fixed within and on said carriage
truck or frame, and mounted on a movable joint or connection, having vertical
adjustment or movement about said joint; the tools being adapted to be driven or
operated through driving mechanism substantially as set forth with reference to
the drawings.
9. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous
surfaces, substantially as set forth, comprising a frame, truck, or carriage, sup-
ported wholly or partly upon wheels thereon, and moving tools or tool holders,
said tools or tool holders being actuated from said supporting wheels, the weight
of the apparatus serving to work the tools through the wheels, when it is
propelled.
10. Road breaking machinery or apparatus adapted to be connected with a road
roller or traction engine, having its main parts combined and arranged in relation
to each other, and operating, as set forth with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 7,
and 8, of the drawings.
11. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
like surfaces, having its parts constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with
reference to and shewn in Figures 84 and 8" of the drawings.
12. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
like surfaces, comprising or consisting of tools mounted on shafts fixed on the rear
part of a road roller or traction engine, or equivalent motor, or carriage, and dis-
posed transversely to the direction of motion thereof, and tools working to and fro
on said shafts; substantially in the manner set forth with reference to Figures 9
and 10 of the drawings.
13. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
like surfaces, comprising or consisting of tools carried in a tool holder, and con-
nected to, and disposed between the front and rear wheels of a road roller or
traction engine; substantially as herein set forth.
14. In machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
like surfaces, a road roller, traction, or other engine having in its road wheels
or any of them, apertures; and tools fixed and supported from said roller or
engine, and gearing or meshing with said road wheel or wheels and projecting
hrough same; operating substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 13
nd 14 of the drawings.
15. In machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads or analogous or
ike surfaces, a series of links having fixed to them or provided on them, tools
r tool points, and connected together by suitable joints and adapted to be applied
r fitted onto the outside of the rim of the road wheel or wheels of said
oller or other engine; substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 15
nd 16 of the drawings.
16. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
ke surfaces, having its parts constructed, arranged, and adapted to operate as
t forth with reference to and shewn in Figures 1 and 2; and Figures 3 and 4,
spectively, of the drawings.
17. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
ke surfaces, having its parts constructed, arranged, and adapted to operate as set.
rth with reference to and shewn in Figures 5 and 6; and Figures 7 and 8,
spectively, of the drawings.
18. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or

page_text: like surfaces, having its parts constructed, arranged, and adapted to operate as set
forth with reference to and shewn in Figures 9 and 10 of the drawings.
19. Machinery or apparatus for breaking up macadam roads, or analogous, or
like surfaces, baving its parts constructed, arranged, and adapted to operate as set
forth with reference to Figures 11 and 12 of the drawings.
20. In machinery of the nature herein specified or referred to, a tool holder,
and tools, constructed substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 17
and 18.
1
taka 1000
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.