matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF LEATHER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GENTLEMEN'S SCARFS AND TIES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Brierley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June
1863.
I, JOHN HENRY BRIERLEY, of Beech Hill Mills, Halifax, and 58, Alder-
manbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE APPLICATION OF LEATHER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GENTLEMEN'S SCARFS
AND TIES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the manufacture of scarfs and ties. for gentlemen, the material
used has been of silk, muslin, velvet, or some other kind or description of a
woven fabric. Now my improvement consists in the adaptation of leather, or
of leather intermixed with silk, in the manufacture of gentlemen's scarfs or
ties.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN INKSTANDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lucien Ezra Hicks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1863.
I, LUCIEN EZRA HICKS, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN INKSTANDS," to be as follows:-
I make use of a reservoir of glass or other material, the upper portion of
which is nearly flat, with a hole in the centre. An elastic diaphragm rests
on this upper portion, and is confined around its edges by the edges of a
hollow metal cap rising over the inkstand, through the middle of which the
pipe of the ink bowl passes and sets within an india-rubber cylinder that is
fixed to the centre of the aforesaid diaphragm, thence said pipe passes down
into the ink in the said reservoir, terminating with a piece of elastic tube
with holes through the side near the end. A lever within the said metal cap
with a fork at one end takes a thimble around the said rubber cylinder, and
a key at the other end of the lever when pressed upon causes the lever to
lift the bowl tube, rubber cylinder, and thimble, and extend the elastic
diaphragm and draw air into the inkstand, and the contraction of said
diaphragm when the pressure is relieved causes the air to force the ink up
into the bowl: A small tube of rubber, formed with an opening through the
said diaphragm when lifted, lets the air out of the reservoir, and the ink finds.
its level; this tube forms an air valve, and is ordinarily kept closed air-tight
by a spring around the tube acting between the metal cap and the surface
of the diaphragm.
ATTACHING THE BURNERS OF PARAFFINE AND OTHER LAMPS TO THE FOUNTS OR OIL CONTAINERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Pitcairn Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1868.
I, DAVID PITCAIRN WRIGHT, of 14, Portland Square, Bristol, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "ATTACHING THE BURNERS OF
PARAFFINE AND OTHER LAMPS TO THE FOUNTS OR OIL CONTAINERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the readily attaching and unattaching the
burners from the founts or oil containers or other parts of lamps. In lieu of the
ordinary plug of metal fitting into a collar or neck of similar dimensions or of a
pressed or chased screw, I substitute two small projections from the inside collar
of a metal vase ring and cause similar upright and lateral or spiral indentations
in the plug or bottom of burner, answering in such a manner to the aforesaid
projections in the inside of the vase ring that they lock one into the other in
Or the
the manner usually known and described as the bayonet joint.
arrangement may be reversed, the projections being made in the burner and the
indentations in the vase ring. Or the projections or indentations may be made
in the glass or earthenware or metal of fount or oil container and the burner
made to attach upon it or into it in the same manner without the use of
vase ring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES, COLUMNS, OR ANY DESCRIPTION OF TUBING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hainsworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1863.
I, WILLIAM HAINSWORTH, at present of Rothwell, near Wakefield, in the
County of York, Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES, COLUMNS, OR ANY
DESCRIPTION OF TUBING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the core bar solid or hollow, of wrought or
cast metal or other suitable material, and of such a form in the cross section
as to adapt it for being surrounded by green sand to form the core (thus
dispensing with a baked core) and in combining with such core bar a core box
in three or more parts, so that in making the core it is accessible the whole
length. The core bar is provided with lugs in order to retain the green sand
when rammed between them. The two top parts and bottom part of the core
box are respectively formed so as to give the required curvature to the sand,
one part of the box being left open, and the corresponding part of the curvature
of the sand being produced by means of a "strickle" worked by band. Air
holes are formed in the sand by means of bars or rods fixed in it and then
withdrawn. I prefer that the "prints" placed at the end of the cores and
usually made of sand be made of metal for my plan.
By the foregoing arrangement the core will be made to consist of an internal
core bar surrounded by a coating of green sand. The form of the core bar
in cross section is by preference that of an irregular hexagon, two sides of
which are curved.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN 'MULES' FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Buckley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1863.
I, JOHN BUCKLEY, of Lees, in the County of York, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
'MULES' FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to that part of the spinning "mule" which effects the
traverse of the yarn or sliver across the drawing rollers, and is designed for
the
purpose of imparting to the yarn or sliver a varying or irregular traverse
or reciprocating movement, that is, to alter the limit of traverse several times
during the rotation of the cam, by which means the friction of the yarn is
distributed over the surface of the rollers, instead
of being regularly confined to certain parts as
hitherto.
The improvements consist in the application,
use, and adaptation of a single or double cam
(to effect the traverse) having an irregular sur-
face or course as thus, for instance, or formed in
о
any other irregular shape, which shall cause a variation in the length of
traverse of the yarn in contradistinction to the use of a single or double heart
cam as hitherto used, by which improvements a considerable saving is effected
in the wear of the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July 1863.-
A communication from abroad by Jean Etienne Pohl, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris, Book-keeper.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new system of elastic saddle. On a wooden
saddle bow or tree, well hollowed out, I place under the scat of the saddle two
spiral springs of truncated conical form, either of steel or hardened copper, or
other suitable metal. I cover these springs with two plates of steel, somewhat
of a horse-shoe form, commencing at the head of the saddle bow or tree and
following its outline. The saddle bow or tree thus prepared is covered as
usual. This improved saddle neutralizes the shaking produced by the move-
ments of the horse, and obviates the effect of reaction, which fatigues both the
rider and horse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING AND DRESSING HIDES AND SKINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1864. A communication from abroad by Philomène François Joseph
Boyer, Merchant, and Edmond Vaucher, Représentant de Commerce,
both of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING AND DRESSING HIDES AND
SKINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates especially to the mechanical stretching of all kinds
of hides and skins instead of by the ordinary hand method. According
to these improvements the hides and skins may be stretched to any suitable
extent, which is to be regulated by the strength, resistance, and elasticity of
the material submitted to the machine, which latter may be made if necessary
to determine of itself the degree to which the skins are to be stretched. This
facility for regulating the stretching, and which may be varied as desired,
forms an especial feature of the improvements. The machines may be
differently arranged, although their essential parts consist, 1st, of a gripper,
consisting of a pair of cylinders or other mechanical arrangement which grip
the skin, and being actuated by a rectilinear or circular motion force said
skin to become stretched at the desired and requisite speed. 2ndly, of a board
with a blunt knife or blade placed underneath the skin to be stretched. This
board is fixed a little above the level of the skin in order to smooth it; an

page_text: upper blade furnished with a cylinder bears on the above-mentioned board in
order to obtain the whole of its useful effect. 3rdly, of a second gripper or pair
of cylinders, similar to the before-mentioned, placed on the other side of the
board; it should be remarked that the movement of this latter gripping pair
of rollers holding the skin is slower than that of the former, in such manner that
these two pairs of cylinders or grippers impart a differential velocity to the skin;
this difference of speed regulates the degree to which the skin is stretched in
passing through. In addition to the above, a second blunt knife is employed
for cleaning or dividing the skins, as also for removing the hair. Lastly, the
blade of the board before-mentioned may be replaced by another suitable for
stripping hides and skins. Other kinds of instruments, such as used in the
ordinary dressing of hides, may be employed in this machine.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER AXLES AND BEARINGS OR RUBBING SURFACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Matthias Hart and Robert
Purkis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th November 1864.
We, JOHN MATTHIAS HART, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Lock
Manufacturer, and ROBERT PURKIS, of Cheam, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER
AXLES AND BEARINGS OR RUBBING SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to effect the supply of lubricating fluid
from a suitable reservoir to the axles and bearings or other surfaces to be
lubricated, in regulated quantities capable of variation to the speed of such
surfaces or otherwise. For this purpose a reservoir of the lubricating matter
is provided with a shaft having hollow arms corresponding in number with
the number of separate parts to be lubricated. Each of these arms is by
preference formed with a pair of cups or spoons turned in opposite directions,
so that in whatever way the arms are for the time turning, one of each pair of
cups or spoons will yet take up fluid, which in their rotation is conducted
through the arms towards the centre, and it is there, dropped into a separate
receiver in connection with separate channels to convey the fluid to the
respective parts to be lubricated. In place of through arms other conduits
may be formed to convey the lubricating matter from the cups or spoons. In
the case of a railway carriage motion may be given to the revolving shaft
carrying the series of cups or spoons in either direction by suitable gear from
the axle of a screw or screws, or of a fan or fans placed in a channel or

page_text: channels to receive a current of air in either direction, according to the
direction in which the carriage may for the time be travelling; the rate of
delivery will vary with the speed of the carriage, or as in the case of other
machinery the rotary motion may be obtained by a band or otherwise from
one of the axles, or by clockwork, or other motive power may be employed for
the purpose.
The stem of a float or glass tube may indicate the height of the fluid in the
reservoir, and the supply to such reservoirs may be through a passage capable
of being closed by a float when it is sufficiently filled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES TO BE PROPELLED BY THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Goodrich at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1864.
I, ALFRED GOODRICH, of Eglington Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGES TO BE PROPELLED BY THE HUMAN BODY," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
My Invention relates to the construction of a carriage to be propelled by
the motion of the body instead of that of the feet, and by which a larger
number of persons, at a higher rate of speed and with more ease and comfort,
can be conveyed than by the velocipede.
My Invention consists chiefly in applying an improved arrangement of levers
to a light cart or carriage body, and in the mechanism connected therewith.
for giving motion to the carriage or machine. In the front part of the body:
of the cart, in place of the ordinary seat, I fix a shaft on which are placed so
that they may receive an oscillating motion from a person sitting thereon,.one,-
two, or three chairs, according to the size of the vehicle and the number of
persons to be employed in driving it; on the back of each of these chairs is.
fixed one end of a vertical lever, the other end of which is connected by means.
of a horizontal lever to another vertical lever placed some distance in front of
the body of the carriage, the lower ends of the levers being jointed to the
frame, so that they may receive a backward and forward motion. In front of
these levers, and above the fore wheel or wheels of the vehicle, is an axle with
one, two, or three cranks, according to the number of chairs in the vehicle

page_text: and these cranks are connected by means of rods with the front vertical levers,
the cranked axle carries at each end a large driving wheel, communicating
motion by means of a chain or band to a pulley on the axle of the back wheels
for propelling the carriage. The backward and forward motion of the front
vertical levers may be assisted by means of small hand levers attached to
them. The vehicle may be turned round at will by means of a hand lever
attached to the fore wheel or wheels, as in the velocipede. A lever may be
placed in front of the wheels for removing stones and other obstructions.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE CURE OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noah Fellows at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1864.
I, NOAH FELLOWS, of No. 28, Quadrant Grove, Haverstock Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Zinc Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE CURE OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS,"
to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists in a cap of any size or shape in galvanized iron,
zinc, or other suitable material. This cap has on two or more sides openings
or mouths for the egress of smoke immediately below the roof which sur-
mounts the cap. These mouths are well shielded so that no air can well get
inside the cap from without. For the purpose of preventing down currents
and creating a strong upward currant, I make upon the roof and on the
sides of the cap incisions to admit a flat tube with an open mouth-piece to
catch all the air possible from outside the cap. This tube is half circle in
form, its lower end being brought down within the cap to the upper part of
the mouth which emits the smoke; a second tube of the same shape is fixed
in like manner below the mouth, and brought upwards to the lower part of
the same; the air rushing through either of these tubes attracts by its force
all the smoke and vitiated air confined within the chimney from the fire-grate
to the cap, and sends it to the winds, and while it thus accomplishes this by its
force the same pressure will naturally throw back any air that could possibly
get past the shields before the mouths.

page_text: The advantages of my apparatus consist in the new and peculiar con-
struction, which, being based upon physical laws, must, of necessity, prevent
down currents and create with absolute certainty a strong upward current.
It is free from all mechanical movements, cannot be deranged internally or
choked up, can be easily cleaned by the brush, and is farther, besides being
light and ornamental, cheaper than any similar article ever offered to the
public.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBULAR AND HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Coles, James Archibald
Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd June 1864.
We, GEORGE COLES, of Gresham Street West, in the City of London,
Merchant, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of the same Place, Engineer,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBULAR AND HOLLOW ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of tubular and hollow
articles relates principally to those kinds of articles which are required to be
flexible, such, for instance, as tubes or pipes for various purposes, garden or
fire-engine hose, cups, or vessels for containing liquids.
The Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of rigid or nearly rigid
articles of the same class, and also for making sword scabbards, gun cases,
and other hollow articles.
In carrying out our Invention we first make a core on which to form the
article, and which (if a flexible tube of considerable length is required) must
be made flexible. For vessels of capacity, however, from which the core may
easily be withdrawn, it is not essential that the core should be elastic or flexible.
Supposing it be desired to produce a length of tube or hose, or flexible core is
first prepared by covering a rope of suitable size with sheet rubber so as to
produce a smooth surface, which must be well lubricated by being covered
with French chalk or other substance which will facilitate the withdrawal of

page_text: the core after the tube is made. This core is then to be surrounded through-
out its length with a thin strip or strips of sheet rubber; the covered core is
then placed in a braiding machine, and a covering of cotton is braided on.
This is coated with a solution of caoutchouc, and the core is surrounded with
a second covering composed of a band of sheet rubber, as before. A second
covering of cotton braid is then put on followed by a coating of solution of
caoutchouc and an outer covering of sheet rubber, and if desired a third and
fourth ply of braid with its outer coating of rubber may be added to give
additional strength, When the required number of plies have been completed
the flexible or other core may be withdrawn, and the tubular or hollow article
may then be subjected to the well-known vulcanizing process, which will finish
the article. Some articles may be formed on an iron core, and when this is
the case they may be vulcanized with the core in them, so as to prevent them
from getting out of shape, Rigid or nearly rigid articles are produced in the
same way by the superposition of alternate layers or coverings of sheet rubber
and braiding secured by a solution of caoutchouc, and then submitting the
article to the vulcanizing process for the proper length of time, according to
the nature and intended use of the article to be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Woodward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1864.
I, JOHN WOODWARD, of Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BUFFERS," to be as follows:
The object of my Invention is to prevent the rebound of buffers when
subjected to any extraordinary shock or pressure, yet to allow them to play to
and fro when they are only acted upon by the ordinary pressure.
My Invention consists in forming in or on the buffer rod a rack, and in
fitting a paul or catch to the frame through which the buffer rod works.
Ordinary play is allowed to the buffer, but when the buffer is driven in by an
unusual shock, such, for instance, as that arising from a collision, it is kept
from rebounding by the paul entering the rack. I form the paul with a
tail, by means of which it can be freed from the teeth of the rack when
required.
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OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MECHANISH FOR SECURELY CLOSING ADHESIVE ENVELOPES, AND FOR AFFIXING STAMPS TO LETTERS AND ENVELOPES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fisher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1864.
I, WILLIAM FISHER, of Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS OR MECHANISH FOR SECURELY CLOSING ADHESIVE ENVELOPES, AND FOR
AFFIXING STAMPS TO LETTERS AND ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a weighted frame plate, composed of wood, iron,
brass, or other suitable material, and in one end of the said frame plate I have a
small reservoir or box open at the top and bottom for the purpose of containing
a supply of stamps, the said reservoir being made of any convenient size and
shape to suit the stamps which are to be used. I also have a pair of levers
working like a pair of scissors, their fulcrum being secured to a frame mounted
on the above-named frame plate at such a distance from the reservoir as to
admit of a large envelope when used for the purpose of closing adhesive
envelopes. The extremity of the lower lever works through a slot in the
reservoir box causing a piston to rise and force up the stamps, while the upper
one, the extremity of which is furnished with a flat portion extending over the
top of the reservoir box, is pressed down upon the envelope which is to be
inserted between the above-named flat portion and the top of the reservoir
box. The above-named levers may be actuated by a rotating disc working on
a pivot secured to a frame mounted on the afore-mentioned frame plate, the
said dise having two studs conveniently placed on opposite sides thereof, so
that when the disc is caused to rotate the one lever is pressed up while the

page_text: other is pressed down by coming in contact with their respective studs. I
also have two small guides on the flat portion of the upper lever for the
purpose of guiding the envolope so as to affix the stamp in its proper place;
an additional guide may also be supplied for the same purpose if thought
necessary when it is required to affix an additional stamp. I may state that 5
the corner of the envelope where the stamp is to be affixed, or the lappet of the
envelope, is to be previously damped by pressing on a damper kept constantly
wet by means of capillary attraction or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING LEATHER STUFF, MILLBOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand Lecomte de Fon-
tainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd June 1864.-A communication from Antoine Peter,
residing at Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, PETER ARMAND LECOMTE DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of the General Patent
Offices, 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING LEATHER STUFF,
MILLBOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me of an improved machine for cutting
leather stuff, millboard, and other similar articles, consists in the employment
of a wooden bench, on which is permanently secured by bolts a cast-iron stand,
having at top a shaft supporting a cylinder turning on its axis, and carrying
at its lower extremity a sliding plate, on the interior of which are four rollers.
This plate has a moveable carriage, having at one of its extremities a circular
plate turning on its axis provided with two rollers; one of them carries a
screwed blade. A set screw passes through the shaft and the framing of the
carriage without impeding their action. Underneath the carriage is fixed, on
the bench, a plate, through which pass three shafts supporting a plate carrying
the material to be cut; on this plate is placed the iron form serving to shape
the material to be cut; the whole is then raised up to the carriage by a

page_text: crank arm and wheel connected under the bench with the plate, and by means
of the set screw the frame and carriage being firmly connected with the
plate carrying the form. The carriage being made to turn by its two arms,
the substance is cut to the shape required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANATOMICAL OR SURGICAL APPLIANCES FOR THE SUPPORT OF PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Charles Godfrey Gumpel at the
Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1864.
I, CHARLES GODFREY GUMPEL, of Leicester Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Anatomical Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANATOMICAL OR SURGICAL APPLIANCES FOR THE
SUPPORT OF PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to trusses or bandages used to support the abdomen
and other parts of the body in cases of hernia or other disease or local weak-.
ness, and consists of two plates of metal or other suitable material, adapted.
to the form or forms of the parts to which they are intended to be applied
(such plates being padded and covered in the usual manner) connected by.
two springs passing over the hips, one on each side of the body, such springs
being fastened to the plates by means of straps and studs, slides, hinges, or
universal joints. By the springs being thus passed over the hips instead of
round them, as usual, they are caused to act unitedly in supporting the
abdomen, to which one of the plates is applied, while at the same time
exerting a gentle pressure on the sacrum or lower part of the spine, to which
the other plate is applied. The supporting action of each spring is thus
produced in a direction opposite to that in which it is the natural tendency of
the hernia to descend, or the abdomen to sink or yield, whereby a spring of
less power than usual may be employed. For a case of single hernia a single
spring may be employed passing over the hip on the same side as the hernia,

page_text: with a pad for the seat of the hernia and another pad for the sacrum, such
pals being respectively either permanently fixed to the spring or fastened by
a slide, a hinge, or an universal joint. The single spring is fastened to the
body of the wearer by means of a band or strap round the waist, one end of
which band or strap is fastened to the spring at the. back near the waist, and
the other end either on the pad resting on the hernial opening or on the
spring in front near the waist. For double hernia two pads are united in
front, either permanently or by an adjusting slide, and the two springs passing
over the hips fastened thereto. In some cases I combine with the truss or
bandage above described, as applied to support the abdomen, a padded metal
stem or stems, plate or plates, extending from the sacral plate upwards along
the spine to or nearly to the shoulder blades, and fasten the same by means
of a belt or band round the chest, or if necessary over or round the shoulder,
or both, whereby a support is obtained for the breast, the chest, and the
spine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rickett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
-1864.
I, THOMAS RICKETT, of the Castle Foundry, Buckingham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS OR GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of water
tube boilers suitable for locomotive engines for common roads, and for other
descriptions of steam engines, and consists in the employment of a series of
water tubes placed vertically side by side, and close together in one, two, or
more rows or sets, disposed either in straight or curved lines according to the
general contour of the boiler. Those tubes are fitted into a tube plate at their
lower ends, where they open into a water chamber. They are held in their
tube plate by means of an eye bolt and cross pin, the latter being tightened
up against an internal flange forged on the bottom of each tube. The eye
bolt passes through the water chamber, and is tightened up by a nut on the
extremity thereof, thus affording facility for the ready withdrawal of any one
tube (by removing the eye bolt) without interfering with the rest, the upper
ends of the tubes not being supported by a tube plate as heretofore, but
connected with a steam chamber by a small bent or curved pipe, screwed or
otherwise secured to the top end of the water tube. The several rows of
tubes are arranged so as to allow the flame to pass between them on its way
to the smoke box. The mode herein-before described of fitting the tubes
allows of free expansion and contraction of each individual tube. In some

page_text: cases I propose to protect the steam chamber from the direct action of the fire
by constructing a fire-brick arch underneath it, or by placing baffle plates on
the under side thereof. I also propose in some cases to place one or more
retorts underneath the steam chamber, which will not only serve to protect
the same from direct heat, but may be used for the purpose of pro-
ducing gas.
According to another modification, in lieu of employing a flat tube plate to
receive the lower ends of the water tubes, I propose to fit such tubes into
corresponding sockets formed on the upper surface of horizontal tubes of
larger diameter, such horizontal tubes forming the water chambers. In all
cases the junction of the water tubes with their tube plate or socket is
produced by end contact of the tube with the upper face of the plate or
socket, and not by fitting such tubes accurately into the holes of the tube plate
or sockets, as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER CON- VEYANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Symons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1864.
I, WILLIAM SYMONS, of 17, St. Mark's Crescent, Regents Park, Philo-
sophical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER CON-
VEYANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to the lighting of railway carriages
although it may be applied also to the lighting of other conveyances.
According to one part of my Invention, I propose to render available the
motion of the carriage for producing light, and this is accomplished by an
arrangement of magnets caused to rotate by the motion of the carriage
wheels or axles, or by an additional wheel for the purpose, thereby producing
magneto-electricity, from which an electric light can be obtained in any well
known manner.
According to another part of my Invention I propose to obtain the required
light by causing the motion of the carriage to fill a reservoir of atmospheric
air, by setting in motion bellows, fans, air pumps, or other suitable contrivance
for forcing air, such contrivances being worked by cranks, driving straps, or
toothed or other gearing, in connection with the wheels or axles of the
carriage, or with an independant wheel or wheels running along the railway.
The air thus collected and compressed then passes through a vessel containing
volatile hydrocarbons or other suitable fluid, by which means it is rendered

page_text: inflammable, and capable of giving light. Or the air may be collected in a
reservoir by means of a funnel situate outside the carriage, into which the
air is forced by the motion of the carriage itself. It is obvious that the same
system of causing the motion of the conveyance, or of some moving part
thereof, to assist in the production of light may be applied to steam and other
ships or vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAPS OR POTS FOR THE CHIMNEYS OF DWELLING HOUSES AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Carter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1864.
I, GEORGE CARTER, of Mottingham Lodge, near Eltham, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAPS OR POTS FOR THE CHIMNEYS OF
DWELLING HOUSES AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
The means heretofore generally employed for preventing a downward
draught of air in the flues of chimneys has been to fit a wind guard top. or
cap on to each chimney pot separately, and it frequently happens that the
smoke from one chimney pot passes down another contiguous chimney pot,.
and thus fills the apartment in connection therewith with smoke..
Now the object and intention of this Invention is to obviate the above-
objections, and to cause an upward current of air in all the flues of a stack.
of chimneys, notwithstanding there may be a fire in only one of the fire-places
of such said several flues. I propose to effect the aforesaid improvements by.
the following means, that is to say :-Suppose a stack of chimneys to contain.
nine flues, each fitted with a chimney pot, I propose to cover every three of
said pots with another cap or pot, which I call a converging cap or pot,.
nasmuch as all three of the flues leading therein to discharge their smoke
nto the air by one main outlet in said converging cap, so that supposing one
of such said flues only to be in use the smoke therefrom will not descend

page_text: either of the other flues. I do not intend to limit myself to the use of one
main outlet at the top of the aforesaid converging cap or pot, but if desirable
form openings at one or more of the sides of same. In this case I propose to
employ either metal or brickwork to enclose the upper part of the flues of the
chimney stack.
NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND APPLYING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Noble at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1864.
I, FREDERICK NOBLE, of 2, James Street, Cannon Street Road, Saint
George's in the East, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR RAISING AND APPLYING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
I use iron or any other kind of metallic pipe, or pipes made of any other
suitable material, and I have air-tight chambers or reservoirs into which I
deliver the water or other fluids near the top, and I have a valve on the
aperture to prevent its returning back. I raise the water or other fluids out
of the chamber or reservoir by another aperture near the bottom, which
aperture is connected by the next pipe, which delivers the water or other
fluids into the next chamber or reservoir near the top like the first, and so I
continue to raise it to any required height. The machine is worked by a
pump or any other suitable contrivance by manual or motive power. My
object is to break the column of water or other fluid at every chamber or
reservoir, and it will remain stationary in the pipes, chambers, or reservoirs
when the pumps or other suitable contrivances are not at work. The
machine is specially adapted for mines and deep wells, and the fluids raised
by the machine may be used as a motive power or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FOOT LIGHTS OR FLOAT OF THEATRES, CONCERT ROOMS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES, AND IN THE APPURTENANCES THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Coleman Defries at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1864.
I, COLEMAN DEFRIES, of the Firm of Jonas Defries and Sons, of Hounds.
ditch, in the City of London, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FOOT
LIGHTS OR FLOAT OF THEATRES, CONCERT ROOMS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES, AND
IN THE APPURTENANCES THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The "float" or foot lights placed along the front of the stage (next the
audience) as usually fitted or arranged is very inefficient for the purpose for
which it is used, the lights jumping, the chimneys allowing the escape of hot
and mephitic air immediately before the performers, and other inconveniences.
I propose to cover the tops of the chimneys the entire length of the float by a
doom or roof to be made of fireclay, talc, or any incandescent material, which
will receive all the smoke and hot air, carrying them off by means of an iron
pipe attached to the top of the dome, and passing under the stage till it
reaches a flue constructed at one side of the building. In this flue, and above
the spot where the iron pipe enters it, I intend to place a large gas burner
which is to be lit up previous to or at the same time as the lights of the
float; thus the products of combustion will, by the draught created by the
fire in the flue, be drawn into it through the iron pipe and carried off alto-

page_text: gether. I also propose to place a series of mediums of colored glass or other
suitable material below and in front (as regards the stage) of the float and in
its whole length, in such wise that the person having charge of the gas (or
the prompter or other person) can instantaneously place any one of them in
front of the "float" light at pleasure, thus throwing a red, green, or other
shade upon the stage,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS, WALLS, PARTITIONS, BRIDGES, FENCES, FLOORS, AND THE RIBS OR FRAMING OF SHIPS AND BOATS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Wilton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1864.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM WILTON, Architect, of 14, Oakley Square, in the
Parish of Saint Pancras, and County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS,
WALLS, PARTITIONS, BRIDGES, FENCES, FLOORS, AND THE RIBS OR FRAMING OF SHIPS
AND BOATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in bending the ribs used in the above constructions
into a serpentine form, so that the sides of the adjoining ribs touch each other
at certain points where they are joined together by bolts, rivets, or otherwise.
Also in a variation of the same principle which consists in the intertwining of
screw-shaped coils of metal or other material, and used in the same manner
as the serpentine ribs.
Having now described and illustrated the nature of my Invention, and a
manner of applying the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to any precise curves, as they may obviously be varied without departing
from the nature and object of the Invention.

page_text: see (Fig. 4); Fig. 8 is a plan of the same (looking down); Fig. 4 is an
explanatory perspective section, shewing the application of the serpentine ribs
to a roof, wall, partition, bridge, fence, or floor; by turning this Drawing
upside down it represents the skeleton of a ship. The ribs might be used
longitudinally instead of transversely as here shewn, a, a, a, a, pieces passed!
through the ribs to strengthen the construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Cullingford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1864.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CULLINGFORD, of Phillimore Gardens, Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETERS," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is the application of indicating means to
thermometers, by which the state or condition of temperature manifested at
any time may be marked for comparison with that of any other time or other-
wise. For this purpose I apply a slide or pointer capable of being slided
lengthwise of the tube to correspond with the temperature indicated, and by
friction or otherwise of remaining in that position until it may be desired to
mark a fresh indication. This slide or pointer may be provided with a stud
as a handle to facilitate its movement, or it may be connected to a rod and
worked by mechanical means, such as by a rack and pinion with a handle or
a key to the axis of the pinion, and if desired more than one of these
indicators may be applied, one to indicate the temperature at one particular
period, and the other at another, so as to preserve a greater comparison. If
desired the slide may be provided with a graduated scale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING VIOLET COLOURING MATTERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Alexandre Laurent and
John Casthelaz at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th February 1864.
We, FRANÇOIS ALEXANDRE LAURENT and JOHN CASTHELAZ, of No. 19, Rue
Ste Croix de la Bretonnerie, Paris, Chemists, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING VIOLET COLOURING
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in manufacturing violet
colouring matters. For this purpose we take aniline or toluidine or other
homologue of aniline, or a mixture of these substances, or a substance con-
taining some or one of them, and we saturate the same with hydro-fluo-silicic
acid, and thus obtain hydro-fluo-silicate of aniline, or the homologue thereof,
by treating which with oxidizing agents we obtain the required violet colour.
The oxidizing process which we prefer is to mix the hydro-fluo-silicate of
aniline, or of the homologue, with a solution of bichromate of potash; we
employ this salt in the proportion of six parts of bichromate of potash to five
parts of aniline; but in place of bichromate of potash other chromates and
bichromates may be employed, as those of soda, ammonia, or lime, or other
oxidizing agents may be used. The colouring matter, when formed, may be
extracted and purified by dissolving in water and precipitating by saline
solutions, or by dissolving in alcohol wood spirit or other agents.
IM- PROVED METHODS OF DEADENING THE NOISE PRODUCED BY ENGINES AND CARRIAGES IN PASSING ALONG RAILWAY BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Middleton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1864.
I, SAMUEL MIDDLETON, of Shoemaker Row, in the City of London,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED METHODS OF DEADENING THE NOISE PRODUCED BY ENGINES AND CARRIAGES
IN PASSING ALONG RAILWAY BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in fitting what I term an absorbing
or deadening mattrass to the under side of bridges and arches. About one
foot more or less under the bridge or crown of the arch I place upon proper
supports one or more thicknesses of felt, kamptulicon, or cloth, or I employ a
metal or wood floor, and fill up the space between it and the under side of the
bridge or top of the arch with tan, sawdust, or other like sound-absorbing
material.
My Invention also consists in cutting slots, say, about a foot more or less
long in the rails which are to be used on bridges and viaducts, and in filling
the slots with vulcanized caoutchouc, gutta percha, lead, or other soft metal.
I cause the top of the filling to spread out at each side, and I also place
vulcanized india-rubber, gutta percha, or other like material upon the sleepers
and under the chairs. I prefer that these filled rails shall be laid on the bridges
and arches, so that the filling in one rail shall, as it were, break bond with the
filling in the other rail of the pair.

page_text: My Invention also consists in the employment on railway bridges and
viaducts of troughs at the sides of and rising above the rails filled with water
or other liquid, in order that the wheels may run in water.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES, JARS, AND LIKE VESSELS OF CAPACITY, AND IMPROVED MEANS FOR SECURING OR FASTENING CORKS AND OTHER STOPPERS THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd December 1864.
We, EDWARD BEVAN, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Watch
Manufacturer, and ABEL FLEMING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES, JARS, AND LIKE VESSELS OF
CAPACITY, AND IMPROVED MEANS FOR SECURING OR FASTENING CORKS AND OTHER
STOPPERS THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Bottles, jars, cans, drums, and other like vessels of capacity made of glass,
earthenware, metal, or other material, with necks and openings of any usual or
suitable form, preferably well raised up from the body of the vessel, we
construct or form with one or more small apertures through the said necks or
sides of the filling or other openings. Two apertures are preferred, one
opposite the other, and herein-after we will describe the means for securing
or fastening corks or other stoppers in bottles or vessels each with two small
side apertures near to their "mouths."
After a cork or other elastic stopper has been fitted or forced into the neck
or opening of a bottle or other vessel in the usual way, we pass a pin or its
equivalent through from one side aperture to the other either through or over
the outer end of the cork or other clastic stopper so as to secure or fasten it
air-tight in the mouth of the bottle or other vessel until such time as the

page_text: contents are required, when the pin or its equivalent can be withdrawn and
the cork or other stopper removed in any usual manner. Should stoppers
made of a rigid material be used, apertures or holes must be made therein or
attached thereto to receive the pin or its equivalent.