A SAFETY AND PROTECTIVE PAPER
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, ARTHUR
VARNHAM, of No. 61, Strand, City of London, County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fourth day of February, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Arthur Varnham, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and autho-
rity, that I, the said Arthur Varnham, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Arthur Varnham, my exors, adñiors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and
Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad
my Invention of "A SAFETY AND PROTECTIVE PAPER;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Arthur Varnham, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Arthur Varnham, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described. and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention consists of a colored or test sheet of paper covered with a
white sheet or surface, or a delicate colored sheet or surface on one or both
sides, as follows:-The rags for the colored test or middle sheet having been
cut, sorted, washed, and reduced into half stuff, and, if necessary, bleached;
and, if bleached, throughly deprived of the bleaching liquid; the half stuff
is then filled into the beating engine, which should have steel or brass bars
and fittings, according to the color required for the colored test or middle
sheet. When the engine is half beat, coloring matter as herein-after set
forth is to be added. The engine is then reduced to pulp, and emptied into
chest called No. 2. The coloring matter for the colored test or middle sheet
must be prepared with the utmost care. Vessels only of glass or earthenware
must be employed, in order to prevent the delicacy of the color being impared.
The coloring matter may consist of any coloring matter usually employed for
coloring paper, and also of all others susceptible of change from chemical
action. The rags for the outer sheet or sheets, surface or surfaces, are to be
of a more tender kind; having been cut, sorted, boiled, washed, and reduced
into half stuff, and, if necessary, bleached; and, if bleached, thoroughly
deprived of the bleaching liquid. The half stuff is then filled in the beating
engine, and if the paper be required engine sized, a resinous size is added to
the pump, together with a small quantity of alum.
When reduced to pulp,
the engine is emptied into chest called No. 1, and if the outside sheet or sheets,
surface or surfaces, is to be of a delicate color, then add the color. It is
necessary that two vats be simultaneously employed in the manufacture of
this paper; vatt called No. 1 is to be furnished with stuff from a chest
called No. 1; vatt No. 2 is to be furnished with stuff from a chest called
No. 2. The vatt-man will first make a white or delicate colored sheet or
surface on a mould of the usual form and description generally employed,
or that may be required to be employed, from vatt called No. 1, and deliver
the same to the coucher, who will couch the same on the first or bottom felt.
The vatt-man will then make a colored sheet, or a mould of the same size
and form, from vatt called No. 2 (the color vatt), and deliver the same to
the coucher, who will couch the same on the white or delicate colored sheet
or surface made from vatt called No. 1. The coucher will then place a felt
upon the paper thus made, but should the test or colored sheet be required
to have another white or delicate colored sheet or surface, the vatt-man will

page_text: then make a sheet or surface on the first mould from vatt called No. 1, and
deliver the same to the coucher, who will couch the same on the sheets
made from vatts called No. 1 and No. 2, thereby placing the colored or test
sheet in the centre of two white or delicate colored sheets or surfaces. The
coucher will then place a felt upon the paper thus made; the vatt-man and
coucher will then continue to complete the post of felts in the same manner.
The post having been well pressed, the pack pressing, parting, drying, sizeing
(if necessary), is to be performed in the usual manner, and, with the modes of
sizeing usually employed with colored paper.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING SAFETY AND PROTECTIVE
PAPER BY MACHINE.
I
The pulp intended for the test colored or middle sheet, and outside sheet
or sheets, surfaco or surfaces, having been prepared in the manner described
for the hand-made paper, the pulp for the outside sheet or sheets, surface
or surfaces, and the pulp for the test colored or middle sheet, are caused to
flow from the chests into the servers, thenco simultaneously on to the wires
attached to them, thence onwards to the marking dandy, and then in the
usual manner to the couch rolls, where the test or colored sheet, with the
one or more white or delicate sheets, surface 'or surfaces, now unite in a
compact body. The sheet of paper thus united and formed then passes on
to the felt, and is pressed, dried, and finished in the usual manner.
What I claim as my Invention is, a white sheet or surface on one or both.
sides of the test or colored sheet, or a more delicate colored sheet or surface
than the test sheet on one or both sides of the test or colored sheet. My
object is, to protect the test or colored sheet from being tampered with bý
chemical agents employed to obliterate writings, and to prevent the using of
any sharp instrument or rubbers for scraping or erasing writing. As, should
any chemical agent be employed, the test or colored sheet would be so
changed as to alter conspicuously the former appearance of the paper, and
the white or delicate sheet or sheets, surface or surfaces, would be likewise
embued with a stain or color produced by the action of those chimical agents
on, and thence from the color of the test sheet; the result therefore would
destroy the appearance of both, videlicet, the outer white or delicate colored
sheet or sheets, surface or surfaces, and the test or colored sheet. This being
done, it would be impossible to make the said safety and protective paper.
assume its original appearance, for if you attempted to whiten or renew the
delicate color of the outer sheet or sheets, surface or surfaces, you would
thereby completely destroy the appearance of the test or colored sheet; and

page_text: if you attempted to color the test sheet, you would likewise produce a darker
color on the white or delicate outer sheet or sheets, surface or surfaces; the
one is a protection to the other. As to the application of any sharp instru-
ment or rubber for scraping or erasing writing being employed, the effect
produced would be such, that when applied sufficiently to obliterate either a
figure or a word, the test or colored sheet would appear conspicuous, and the
part disfigured could not be renovated, consequently the obliteration would
always be detected.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Varnham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and forty five