IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONES FOR ROAD, METAL, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR CRUSHING ORES AND OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: in the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of
Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONES FOR
ROAD, METAL, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR CRUSHING ORES AND OTHER HARD
AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES."-A communication from Eli W. Blake, of New
Haven, in the County of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, United
States of America.
Sealed the 9th August 1858, and dated the 14th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1858.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONES
FOR ROAD, METAL, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR CRUSHING ORES AND OTHER HARD
AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES," a communication from Eli W. Blake, of New Haven,
in the County of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to à peculiar construction, arrangement, and com-
bination of mechanism to be driven by steam or other power for breaking or

page_text: crushing stones for road, metal, or other purposes, or for crushing quartz or
other hard substances containing minerals.
This apparatus consists essentially of a pair of vertical jaws, the one being
fixed and the other moveable, or if found desirable both jaws may be moveable.
These jaws have their acting faces corrugated vertically, and such acting
faces are made also convergent downwards one towards the other, so that
whilst the space between them at the top where the stones or other hard sub-
stances are introduced is sufficiently large to receive them, the space between
the jaws at the bottom is only sufficiently large to allow the fragments to pass
through after they have been crushed or broken to the required size. A short
but powerful vibration is imparted to one or both of the jaws by any convenient
arrangement and combination of powerful levers worked by a crank or
eccentric on the main shaft. I prefer to employ one moveable jaw only, and
to actuate such jaw by a combination of elbow or toggle joint with a powerful
lever worked from a crank of short stroke on the main shaft, which may be
fitted with a suitable fly wheel and driving pullies. By the above described
form and arrangement of jaws and the motion of the moveable jaw, when a
stone or other hard substance is dropped into the space between the jaws, it falls
down by its own gravity until it is arrested by their convergent faces, and the
moveable jaw advancing crushes the stone, the fragments of which are then
partially liberated by the back stroke of the jaw effected by a spring for that
purpose, and descend by their own gravity further down, when the next stroke
of the jaw will crush them still smaller, and so on until the whole of
the fragments are sufficiently reduced to pass through the bottom space: It
is also proposed to combine with this machine, a revolving screen to receive
the fragments as they fall from the jaws, and separate or sort them into two or
more sizes. To prevent the rapid wearing of the jaws, they should be made
of hard iron and be well chilled, and chilled pieces may be inserted into all the
working parts of the machine which are subjected to any great strain.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and
of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign; did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONES FOR ROAD,
METAL, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR CRUSHING ORES AND OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE
SUBSTANCES," a communication from Eli W. Blake, of New Haven, in the
County of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and com-
bination of mechanism, to be driven by steam or other power, for breaking or
crushing stones for road, metal, or other purposes, or for crushing quartz or other
hard substances containing minerals. This apparatus consists essentially of a
pair of vertical jaws, the one being fixed and the other moveable, or if found
desirable both jaws may be moveable. These jaws have their acting faces
corrugated vertically, and such acting faces are made also convergent down-
wards one towards the other, so that whilst the space between them at the top
where the stones or other hard substances are introduced, is sufficiently large
to receive them in an unbroken state, the space between the jaws at the
bottom is only sufficiently large to allow the fragments to pass through after
they have been crushed or broken to the required size. A short but powerful
vibration is imparted to one or both of the jaws by any convenient arrange-

page_text: ment and combination of powerful levers worked by a crank or eccentric on
the main shaft. I prefer to employ one moveable jaw only, and to actuate
such jaw by a combination of knee or toggle joint with a powerful lever worked
from a crank of short stroke on the main shaft, which may be fitted with a
suitable fly wheel and driving pullies. By the above-described form and
arrangement of jaws, and the motion of the moveable jaw, when a stone or
other hard substance is dropped into the space between the jaws it falls down
by its own gravity until it is arrested by their convergent faces, and the
moveable jaw advancing crushes the stone, the fragments of which are then
partially liberated by the back stroke of the jaw, effected by a spring for that
purpose, and descend by their own gravity further down, when the next stroke
of the jaw will crush them still smaller, and so on until the whole of the
fragments are sufficiently reduced to pass through the bottom space between
the jaws. It is also proposed to combine with this machine a revolving screen
to receive the fragments as they fall from the jaws, and separate or sort them
into two or more sizes. To prevent the rapid wearing of the jaws they should
be made of hard iron and be well chilled, and chilled pieces may be inserted
into all the working parts of the machine which are subjected to any great
strain.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in both Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a perpective view of the machine
complete with the exception of the fly wheel and driving pullies, and Figure 2
is a longitudinal vertical section of the same taken near the centre line thereof.
The machine may be made of any size, varying according to the size of the
stones to be operated upon and the amount of work to be accomplished, and its
proportions, having reference to strength, may be varied according to the hard-
ness of the materials to be treated. The annexed Drawings represent a
machine which has been constructed capable of breaking blocks of trap rock
not exceeding three and a half inches thick and nine inches square, and which
is found fully competent to so perform that work. A is the fixed jaw placed
against one end of the main frame B, to which it is secured at the bottom by
a bolt C, and at the top by lateral projections which fit into corresponding
recesses or notches in the top of the frame; D is the moveable jaw which
extends downward to and enters a mortise in the lower transverse part B¹ of
the main casting, by which means its lower end is prevented from moving in
either direction horizontally. To give it a vertical support, it is provided

page_text: with shoulders, which set upon the main casting at the ends of the mortise.
These shoulders, and also the part which enters the mortise are slightly
rounded, as shewn in Figure 2, so as to allow the upper end to vibrate. a, b,
is the space between the acting faces of the jaws, into which the stones to
be crushed are introduced. The space is sufficiently wide at a to receive
the largest pieces of stone which the machine is designed to break, and thence
converges downward to a width at 6 which is only sufficient to allow the frag-
ments to pass when broken to the required size. The acting faces of the jaws
are not plain surfaces, but are corrugated; such corrugations running vertically.
These corrugations serve to diminish the strain to which large pieces of stone
would otherwise subject the machine, and also to prevent thin fragments of
large breadth from passing through the opening b. Two pieces E and F,
with the intervention of the piece G, constitute a knee or toggle joint E and F.
articulating on G at their adjoining ends, and at their outer ends, one of them
articulates on the cross bar H of the main frame, and the other on the back of
the moveable jaw D. The piece G at its lower end articulates on the lever I.
This lever rests at one end on the fulcrum K, which forms a part of the main
casting, whilst the other end is connected by the connecting rod or piece L
with the crank M of the driving shaft N. On one end of the shaft N is
placed a fly wheel (not shewn in the Drawings), and on the other end a pulley
(also omitted in the Drawings) to receive the belt which drives the machine.
The spiral spring O, through the medium of the rod P tends to hold the jaw
D back, thus keeping the parts E and F in contact with their bearings, and
securing the return motion of the jaw. It is obvious that the revolution of
the crank will vibrate the lever, and that this through the medium of the pieces
G, E, and F, will give a short and powerful vibration to the moveable jaw D.
The entire operation of the machine will be fully understood without further
explanation. In order that the pieces E and F when raised to their
highest elevation may not be retained there by the friction of their bearings,
they should, when thus elevated, deviate from a line with each other by an
angle of not less than five degrees. And in order that stones may not be
ejected from the jaws without being crushed, the angle of conveyance of their
acting faces should not exceed eighteen degrees.
b
In order that the size of the opening 6 may be varied so as to adjust the
machine to produce fragments of any desired size, I provide several pieces E
differing slightly in length. Then by substituting a longer or shorter one, the
size of that opening may be diminished or increased at pleasure. By the
same means the opening may be restored to the proper size when enlarged
by wear.

page_text: To prevent the rapid wearing of the jaws, they should be made of hard iron
and be well chilled. And to prevent the wearing away of the inside of the
frame adjacent to the space where the stones are crushed, I contemplate
casting the frame in such form as to receive chilled pieces which may be
replaced when worn. I also contemplate making the moveable jaw piece in
such form as to receive a separate piece of chilled iron for its acting face.
I also contemplate combining with the machine a revolving screen to receive
the fragments as they fall from it and separate them into two or more sizes.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what I con-
sider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the peculiar
combination of mechanical parts into a machine for breaking stones or other
hard substances, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)