IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Heywood, of Glasburn, in the County'
of York, Foreman to Messrs. Bairstow, of Sutton Mills, Keighley,
in the County. of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS."
Sealed the 12th January 1858; and dated the 18th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the. said Edwin Heywood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition,
on the 18th October 1852.
I, EDWIN HEYWOOD, of Glasburn, in the County of York, Foreman
to Messrs. Bairstow,.of Sutton Mills, Keighley, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS to be as follows:-...
This Invention has for its object three improvements in looms, and
they consist,―
First, of giving motion to a leaf of heddles by means of upright bars
having projections, to which the upper and lower bars of a leaf of
heddles are tied; such upright bars receiving motion by counter lovers
put in motion by tappets.
Secondly, the Invention consists of causing and regulating the giving.
off of the warp from the beam. by the warp threads passing over a roller*

page_text: or beam carried by levers, which are acted on more or less by excen-
trics, according as the warp causes the levers or parts connected there-
with to move more or less towards the excentrics; and,
Thirdly, the Invention consists of conducting one part of the warp
threads thro' eyes carried by a bar, which has a movement to and
fro in the way of its length, the other part of the warp being passed
thro' eyes in blades, which are stationary, the shed for the passage
of the shuttle or shuttles being opened by the descent of the upper
bar, which carries its thread down between the upright blades, and the
upper threads, by having the to and fro motion above mentioned, cause
one set of the threads to be laid across the other set of threads. Or
like motions may be given to the lower threads and the upper ones
remain stationary, and in place of the bar mentioned the traversing
'may be caused by a comb or point bar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edwin Heywood in the Great Seal Patent Office"
on the 18th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
EDWIN HEYWOOD, of Glasburn, in the County of York, Foreman to
Messrs. Bairstow, of Sutton Mills, Keighley, in the County of York,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edwin Heywood, Her special licence
that I, the said Edwin Heywood, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edwin Heywood, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS

page_text: IN LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edwin
Heywood, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Heywood, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention has for its object three improvements in looms, and
they consist,―
First, of giving motion to a leaf of heddles by means of upright bars
having projections, to which the upper and lower bars of a leaf of
heddles are tied, such upright bars receiving motion by counter levers.
put i. motion by tappets.
Secondly, the Invention consists of causing and regulating the giving
off of the warp from the beam by the warp threads passing over a
roller or beam carried by levers, which are acted on more or less by
excentrics, according as the warp causes the levers or parts connected
therewith to move more or less towards the excentrics; and,
Thirdly, the Invention consists of conducting one part of the warp
threads through eyes carried by a bar, which has a movement to and
fro in the way of its length, the other part of the warp being passed
through eyes in blades which are stationary, the shed for the passage of
the shuttle or shuttles being opened by the descent of the upper bar,
which carries its threads down between the upright blades, and the upper
threads, by having the to and fro motion above mentioned, causes one
set of the threads to be laid across the other set of threads. Or like
motions may be given to the lower threads and the upper ones remain
stationary, and in place of the bar mentioned the traversing may be
caused by a comb or point bar.
And in order that my Invention may be more fully understood, and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued
he mo

page_text: L
3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, shows so much of a transverse section of a loom as will
enable.me to describe the improvements constituted the first part of my!
Invention., a, a, is a leaf of heddles, the bars a, a, of which are attached,
to projections b', b, of the two upright bars b, b, as shown. The bars b, b,
are supported an move in guides c, c, fixed to the framing of the loom.
The bars b, b, receive an up and down motion by, means of any suitable
arrangement of tappets and levers. The Drawing show's chain tappets
d, d, but others may be used when carry out my Invention, and such
tappets give motion to the levers e, e, the one raising its lever and the
other allowing its lever e, to descend. The two levers are connected in
their action by means of curved racks e', e', and the levers, give motion
C,
the bars b, b, by means of curved racks e, e, taking into racks b,,.
formed or affixed on the bais b: I would remark that I have not
thought it necessary to show a complete loom, as the same is not
necessary to a full understanding of this part of my Invention.
له
:
"I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention.
Figure 2, shows so much of a longitudinal section of a loom as will
enable me to describe this part of my Invention. a, is the warp beam
on which the warp is wound; on.the axis of this beam is fixed a screw
wheel, which is driven by the screw b, on the axis or shaft b', such axis
or shaft passing to the front of the loom, where it is formed with a
square end to receive a key or handle, in order, when necessary, to turn
the loom back the weaver may turn the axis by a key or handle. On
the,axis, ór shaft b', is fixed a ratchet wheel c, which receives motion
from a lever d, which by means of the forked connecting rod e, and pin
el, gives motion. to the ratchet, a distance, regulated as hereafter
explained. The lever d, moves on an axis f, and at its other end it
rests against a shed or projection g*, on the lever g, which rests by its
back end on the flanged pulley h, as on an axis, but which supporting
that end allows of its being moved to and fro; the other end of the lever
or bar g, is formed into a toothed rack, and it rests on the. cog wheel i,
fixed on the axis i', the flanched, pulley j, keeping the rack to its work
in the cog wheel, as is shewn. 12, is a weighted lever fixed on tho axis

page_text: , which has at all times à tendency to draw the rack towards the front
of the machine. The lever d, is acted on by the rotation of the excen
tric , which is caused to rotate once for cach two picks of the shuttle.
I have not, however, thought it necessary to show the gearing which
gives motion to the axis of the excentric, as the same would tend to
confuse the Drawing of the other parts, and a mechanic will readily
apply the same, the excentric being fixed on the low picking shaft or
axis. The excentrick, also acts on the lever 1, in order that the take
up and the giving off of the warp may go together, and be correctly
governed and regulated one to the other. To the other end of the lever
2, is attached by a pin joint the connecting rod m, which, at its other end
is attached by a pin joint to the crank lever n, which by its other end
gives motion to the connecting 10d 7', to the arm or lever n², which has
constantly a tendency to move back by the weight n³, fixed at its other
end; n, is a driver, which gives motion to the ratchet wheel o, which
is fixed to the cog' wheel o', which takes into and gives motion to the
intermediate wheel o", which takes into and gives motion to the cog
wheel on the axis of the work beam p, as will readily be understood on
examining the Drawing. The warp passes from the warp beam partly
round the roller or beam g', carried by the lever or bar g, thence partly
round the beam or roller g, thence over the breast beam 1,.and then on
to the work beam, and the peculiarity of this part of the Invention con-
sists of deriving or governing action in the unwinding of the warp from
the warp beam a, by the movement of the beam g', and the excentric
k, according as the warp causes the levers or parts connected therewith
to move more or less towards the excentric, as will be more fully under-
stood when the attention is called to the working of these combined
parts. Motion is communicated to the breast beam r, by means of the
pressure and passing of the work thercon in its way to the work-beam;
and by so doing aids is causing the work or cloth produced to contain
equal quanti or shoots of weft in equal lengths; on. the axis of-the
breast beam is fixed a bévilled toothed wheels, which takes into and
drives the bevelled toothed wheel t, on the axis or upright shaft t, which
is made in two parts, the one having a female and the other: a.male
screw formed thereto, as shown at t, and the rotation of the upper part

page_text: of the axis t, has a tendency to clongate the shaft or axis t, by the
action of the screws at t², and, consequently, to depen the front end
of the lever ut, and to elevate the back end of that lever, but by reason
of the screw wheel t, on the lower part of the axis t, this effect is
modified and governed in the following manner:-u, is a lever, which
moves on an axis at its upper end, as shown, and it receives motion
every time of beating up by reason of the lower end of the lover u',
being connected by a link to the sword; ², is a driver or click, which
gives motion to the ratchet wheel u³, on the axis of which is fixed a
screw, which takes into and gives motion to the screw wheel t", on
the axis t, by which the lower part of that axis receives motion in the
same direction; hence when either of the two parts moves faster than
the other, action will take place on the lever u, and, consequently,
govern the range through which the lever d, which actuates the take
up shall be moved by the excentrick, by which arrangement, depending
as it does on the quantity of the unwinding, governed by the excentric
k, and apparatus for regulating the giving off or unwinding of the warp
from the warp beam, the fabric will be properly taken up with refe-
rence to and in accordance with the unwinding of the warp, and at the
same time the weaving will be uniform. Supposing the ratchet wheel
u, to have twenty teeth, then twenty picks would he obtained in a given
length of fabric; but if more or less picks be desired in the same length,
then the ratchet wheel w, is to be changed for one with a greater or
less number of teeth. The lever d, which gives motion to unwind the
warp from its beam, depends for its quantity of movement on the warp
and on its action on the levers or bars g; for according as the beam or
roller moves to or from the back of the loom, which is carried by
levers g, on each side of the loom, through one only of which can
be seen in the Drawing,) so will be the position of the lever d, (by
reason of the stud g*, on the lever g, which actuates the unwinding
apparatus, and the quantity of movement communicated thereto by the
excentric or by the excentrics, if one be used, at each side of loom,
all which will readily be understood by examination of the several parts
shown by the Drawings. And I would remark in respect to this part
of my Invention that I make no claim to the separate parts which con-

page_text: stitute the combination herein described, nor do I confine myself to the
precise details as herein described, so long as the manner of combing
and mode of action of the warp be retained.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention:-Figure 3,
shows a section of some of the working parts separately, full size, and
Figure 4, a section of a complete loom, wherein leaves of heddles are
used to act with the parts, the arrangement or combination of which
constitute this part of my Invention. a, is a bar from side to side of the
loom, having blades b, each with two eyes for the passage of part of
the warp, and succeeding warps are passed alternately through the upper
and lower eyes of their respective blades, the warps as they come from.
the warp heam being first passed under the wire b', in the blades b, as
shown; c, is another bar from side to side of the loom carrying guides,
through which other warp threads are passed to form a shed below the
stationary warps of the blades b; the bar c, slides on the fixed bar d,
and is retained thereto by screws e, which pass through slots in the bar
c; the bar d, also carries a comb f, which space and keep the blades b,
correct; when the bar c, by the working of the loom is raised above the
end of the blades b, it can shog, and in its next descent can cause its
threads to pass down between different blades b. The bar c, is raised
and lowered in the following manner :-g, is a plate fixed on the end
of the crank axis g', which by means of a crank pin and connecting
link h, gives motion to the lever i, carried by a stud on the end framing
of the machine; the lever i, gives motion by a connecting rod j, to
the lever k, on the axis 1, which by lever m, and connecting rod n,
gives motion to the sliden', affixed to the bar d, and thus by cach revo-
lution of the crank axis the guides and warp of the bar c, will be raised
above the tops of the 6; and a shogging motion being given to the
bar c, (by one of the inclined surfaces on the bar o,) the bar c, and
guides will descend and lay its warp threads between other spaces of
the blinds 6; the bar o, slides up and down through the fixed eyes o',
on the frame which supports the bar a, and the up and down move-
ment is given to the bar o, by a cam or tappet (not shown in the
Drawing) on the low picking shaft or axis, and the inclined surface o²,
are caused to side through the fixed eyes o', when the guides on the bar

page_text: c, are above the tops of the blades b, so as to shog the bar c, a proper
distance to lay its threads between different blades b. When only
the blades b, and guides c, with their. warp threads are employed, the
character of the fabric produced would be the same throughout, but if
it' be desired to produce a fabric of a varied character I employ leaves
of heddles, through which certain of the warp threads pass and are
governed by tappets in the manner of ordinary weaving. The Drawing
'shows four levers of heddles p, q, r, s, (but other numbers may be used,
and they receive motion from tappets and levers, as shown, and the
heddles are capable of being worked in rotation, one up and three down,
or vice versa, to produce satin or twill; or they may be worked in pairs
to produce plum weaving, by locking or connecting them together for
the time being by the apparatus which I will now proceed to describe:
t; is a hand lever, carried by a stud on the upper rail or framing;
v; u are rods attached by pin joints to one end of the lever t; the rods
v, u, slide through slots in the levers v', u', carried by the cross bars
which give notion to the heddles, and there are other levers and plates
u, carried by the cross bars p', q', ¹, s¹, having slots or openings
in them through which the rods v, u, can be slided, so as to connect or
lock the two bars and cause their two heddles to work as one.
I would remark in. respect to this part of my Invention that it will
be evident that the warp threads carried by the bar c, might have its
threads racked by means of a point bar when they are above the blades
b, and the bar a, might be desired have motion up and down commu-
nicated to it in place of the bar c, and in some cases the bars a, and c,
may have up and down motion, and the means of giving the shogging
inotions and up and down notions to the bar c, may be varied without
departing from my Invention.
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Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood, that what I claim
is,―.
'
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First, the combination of leaves of heddles with bars, with projections;
as herein described.
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Secondly, I claim the combination of apparatus for regulating and
*

page_text: roller or beam carried by levers, which which are acted on more or less
by excentrics, according as the warp causes the levers or parts connected
therewith to move more less towards the excentrics; and,
Thirdly, I claim the combination of apparatus for crossing one part
of the warp over the other, as herein explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Heywood, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
EDWIN HEYWOOD. (L.S.)