Improvements in or Connected with Telegraphic Transmitters.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 30th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 2nd Nov.; 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Connected with Telegraphic Transmitters.
I, JULIUS TIMM of No. 19 Krystalgade, Copenhagen, Denmark, Telegraphic
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The reversal currents by which the ordinary Morse signals are sent on submarine
cables, have hitherto been produced by the manipulation, by hand only of the so-called
reversal key.
Reversal signalling means the sending out into the cable or other line of all the
single elements composing the Morse system as currents of equal duration but opposite
signs for dots and dashes, each signal being succeeded by a short interval of time
during which the cable is put to earth.
The reversal transmitter invented by me and described below does this work auto-
matically and is applicable to submarine cables and other telegraph lines.
On the annexed drawing Figures 1 to 4 are side views of the principal parts in different
positions Figure 5 a top view.
t:
A is a pivoted ebony rocking-beam" pivoted on fulcrum pin N, that is given
an up and downward oscillating motion by means of a clockwork and crank-
not shown in the drawing-working on the pin, P. On the "rocking-beam" is a
platinum contact D, connected to line and an insulated stud, E. The levers F
and G with the needles C, C pin-jointed thereto are connected to the poles of
the battery. The lever, H, is connected to earth and so is the centre of the battery.
The levers F and G are pivoted and are made to press against either the contact D
or stud E by means of the springs K. The lever H is also pivoted and rests on
the contact D but as the springs K are stronger than the spring L, the line only
comes to earth through H when the stud E takes the battery levers away from
the contact D. When one of the two battery levers For G rests on the contact D
the lever H is taken away from D by the ebony crosspiece M. The motion of the
battery levers is controlled by the holes in a perforated slip of paper B, that by
means of the clockwork, is made to travel over the top of the needles. Figure 6
shows a perforated slip of paper with the word "guttapercha." The upper holes
represent dots and control the lever G; the lower holes dashes, and control the
lever F. By means of the centre row of holes the slip is made to travel in the
instrument.
During a full up and down motion of the rocking beam A the line is to earth
through H, while both battery levers are taken away from the contact D by the stud E,
Figure 1.
During the working of the instrument three cases may occur viz.:
1. The needles meet no hole in the paper, that is both levers F and G remain down
and the line remains connected to earth through H see Figure 2.
2. The needle C on the lever G meets a hole in the paper, that is the lever G follows
the motion of the contact D and one pole of the battery is connected to line as shewn
in Figure 3-until the stud E again takes the lever G away from D and the line is
put to earth through H and thereupon assuming position shewn in Figure 1.
3. The other needle C meets a hole in the paper, that is the lever F follows the
contact D and the other pole of the battery is connected to line as shewn in Figure 4
until the stud E, takes the lever F away from D and the line is put to earth through H.
In order to be able to regulate the function of stud E, the levers F and G are
provided with adjustable screws below, E.
- 20th Joy of Doormber 1988

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
"
Improvements in or Connected with Telegraphic Transmitters.
I, JULIUS TIMM of No. 19 Krystalgade Copenhagen, Denmark, Telegraphic
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and hy the
following statement :-
"Reversal signalling" is the term used in practical telegraphy where all the single
elements composing the letters or signs of the ordinary Morse alphabet are transmitted
through submarine-and other telegraphic circuits by means of currents of equal
duration, but of opposite sign, for either dots or dashes, each individual signal being
succeeded by a short interval of time during which the conducting circuit is connected
to earth.
Such reversal-currents have hitherto been produced by the manipulation by hand
only of what is known as the "reversal key."
The reversal-transmitter, a description of which is given below, is intended to replace
the reversal-key and to do its work automatically. The principal parts of this trans-
mitter are shewn in their different positions in the accompanying drawing, Figures 1-6
being front views and Figure 9 a plan view of the transmitting mechanisin.
Pivotted on a fulcrum pin N is an ebony rocking beam A which is given an
oscillating motion by means of clockwork and crank-not shewn in the drawing-
working on the pin P, protruding from the back of A.
D is a platinum contact connected to line, while E is an insulated stud, both being
attached to the rocking beam in the positions shewn.
The pivotted, levers E. and G with the needles C C pin-jointed thereto are separately
connected to the opposite poles of a battery (F to zinc, G to copper)—the centre of
the battery being put to earth and are pressed upwards against either the line-
contact D or the insulated stud E by means of the helical springs K K.
The lever H, connected to earth, is also pivotted and, by means of the helical spring L,
is drawn down towards the line contact D.
As, however, the springs K K are stronger than the spring L, the lever H only
comes in actual contact with D when the two battery levers F and G are removed
from the contact D. But as soon as either For G are brouglit into full contact
with D (the line), then the lever H is lifted away from that same contact by the
hattery levers, pressing against the small ebony cross-piece M which is fastened to the
lever H, and the lower projection of which is a little deeper than the diameter of
the contact D.
The motions of the battery levers F and G are controlled by the holes in a perforated
slip of paper, which, by means of the clockwork mentioned above, inoves across the
top of the needles CCB indicates the bridge upon which the paper strip moves.
Figure 7 shews such a slip of paper, upon which is perforated the word " gutta-
percha "the actual printing of which word 'by the receiving instrument is shown in
Figure 8.
The holes uppermost on the perforated slip (Figure 7) represent dots and control the
movements of the battery lever G, the lower holes represent dashes and control the
battery lever F. By means of the centre row of smaller holes, the slip, as already
mentioned, is made to travel through the instrument when working.
On the righ-thand side of the battery levers is provided a switch, to prevent the
battery from being short-circuited when the instrument is set in motion witliout any
perforated slip being inserted.
The switch consists of a tongue S pivotted to an insulated brass-piece which is
in metallic connection with the battery lever G only. The upper part of the
lever. S moves between two contact-screws T T to the former of which the positive
pole of the battery is connected, while T¹ is a "blind" contact. The lower part
of the lever S is fork-shaped and carries in each. prong an adjustable screw V V
placed just opposite the lower ends of the levers Fand G respectively; V is prevented

page_text: from coming into metallic contact with F by the latter having a small insulating
stopper F inserted in its lower end. U is a helical spring tending to draw the
switch lever S towards the blind contact T¹.
When the instrument is set in motion the following movements take place.:
1. When no perforated slip is inserted:
a) The needles C and C move freely up and down through the apertures in the
bridge B. Just before the up-movement of the rocking-beam A takes place that
is to say in the position shewn in Figure 1 the line is to earth through the lever E
and both battery levers F and G are kept away from the line contact D by the
stud E. As the beam A reaches a horizontal position, both battery levers F and G
have gradually been released by the insulated stud É and come in contact with
the line contact D thereby insulating the earth-lever H. At the same time the
battery switch S-which at the beginning of the up-movement of the beam A was
held towards the contact-screw T-has now been released from the pressure of the
lever and being drawn against the blind-contact T¹ by the small spring U, thus
cutting off the positive pole of the battery from the lever G' and leaving the
negative pole only to become connected to line through F as shewn in Figure 2.
These conditions are maintained while the beam A completes its full up-movement
and until it passes the horizontal position on its down-movement, after which both
battery levers F and G are again removed from the line contact D. by the stud E,
and once more the lever H comes into connection with the line contact D that is
to say putting line to earth.
The result of this up- and down-movement has been to send a negative current of
short duration to line, and putting the latter to earth immediately after.
2. When a perforated slip is inserted.
b) (Figures 3 and 4) The needles CC meet no holes in the paper that is to say,
the line remains to earth through the lever H during the full up- and down-movement
of the bean A, as both battery levers F and G are now prevented from touching the
line-contact D; consequently no current can be sent to line.
c) (Figure 5). Needle O on the lever G meets a hole in the paper, that is to say
the lever Gonly is brought upwards to touch and follow the motion of the line-
contact D-the lever H being meanwhile removed therefrom-and the positivo pole
of the battery is applied to line, until the stud E removes G from D, putting the line
to earth through H and assuming again the position shown in Figure 3.
d) (Figure 6). Needle C on the lever F meets a hole in the paper, that is to say
the lever only is made to touch and follow the motion of D-H being again lifted
away from D and a negative current is now allowed to flow to line until the stud E
takes the lever F away from D, thus bringing the line to earth through H.
In order to regulate correctly the functions of E, each of the battery levers, F
and G is provided with a small adjustable screw Y and X, situate just below the
insulated stud E.
By the use of this invention I obtain an increased speed in transmitting as compared
with the ordinary reversal-key; moreover the writing produced as compared with the
ordinary system of dots and dashes takes up much less space in length and requires
less time.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
First In automatic telegraphic transmitting apparatus the discharging the cable
or line after each reversal of current sent into it whereby an increased speed of
telegraphing is obtained, substantially as set forth.
Second In automatic telegraphic transmitting apparatus the automatic switching
off of one or other of the battery poles for producing a continuous line of dots when
no perforate slip is inserted in the instrument and thereby preventing the short
circuiting of the battery substantially as set forth,

page_text: Third-The rocking beam A which is oscillated by clockwork and is provided with
line-contact stud D and insulated stud E in combination with an earth lever H and
with two battery levers F and G, the stud D being at times in contact with the
lever H and at times in contact with the levers F and G which latter during part of
the motion are kept insulated from the line contact D by the insulated stul E sub-
stantially as set forth.
:
Fourth In apparatus operating as described the insulating cross piece M on an
earth lever H for causing the connection of a line-contact D through the lever H with
earth to be interrupted just before contact between the contact D and either of two
battery levers F and G takes place, and vice versa by the action of the insulating
stud Eupon screws X and Y on the levers interrupting this last, contact before the
contact with the earth lever H is again established substantially as set forth.
Fifth ln apparatus operating as described and with a lever having an insulating
stopper F¹ the switch lever S with screws V V₁ retracting spring and contacts T T
substantially as set forth.
Duted this 28th dox of Santamber 1980
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.