IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND FASTENINGS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents;
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND
FASTENINGS."A communication from abroad by Randolph Foster, of
Sing Sing, in the State of New York, United States of America..
Sealed the 11th September 1863, and dated the 8th July 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1863.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare thenature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND
FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to that class of locks in which the
bits, plates, springs, and other parts which constitute the moving parts of the
lock are attached to the bolt and are carried by it as it is moved in the lock
case. The Invention consists in combining slides or bits with the bolt and
with a brace in the lock case or elsewhere so that the pins in the key when
entering from the door may retain some of the slides or bits until the bolt is
shot, the others moving with the bolt, and thus virtually elongating some of
the bits or plates and bracing the bolt with the others so that the bolt
cannot be forced back into the lock.

page_text: The next part of the Invention consists in the combination of the escutcheon
and cam on the shank of the knob or lever with an interposed series of pins
having collars or necks upon them, which pins are to be arranged by the key
before the escutcheon and cam can be turned to move the bolt; anditfurther
consists in the use of a spring bolt inside of the lock and operated in theinside
thereof, for the purpose of making the lock serve the purpose also of a "dead
latch" or night lock or latch.
The next part of the Invention relates to store or safe locks and consists in
the combination of asliding escutcheon and bolt both, operated from the shank
of the knob or outside lever, and in combining the sliding escutcheonandbolt
with the shank of the knob or its equivalent, so that the movement of the
escutcheon shall begin before the bolt commences to move both in locking and
unlocking so that the key will be held in place and the use of a pick to open
the lock will be prevented; and it further consists in the combination of the pins,
bolt, and box for retaining the pins and supporting the bolt, so that the bolt
shall work through the box, and the pins shall work through the bolt, these
several parts thereby mutually strengthening and supporting each other.
From the foregoing it will be understood that the principal features of
novelty in these store or safe locks are the combination and arrangement of
the piles of slides, plates, or bits, with the bolt, and with a brace in or on the
lock, case, or door for the purpose of locking or unlocking the bolt. Also
combining with the pins that hold and release the slides or bits, and with
the key pins a corresponding series of pins in the door, to which the lock is
attached so that the lock can be conveniently attached to the door, and the
bits made accessible from the outside.
In door or other similar locks the novel parts are combining the escutcheon
and cam worked by the shank of the knob or lever with an interposed series
of pins having necks thereon, and which must be properly arranged by a
key before either the escutcheon or cam can be turned to operate the main
bolt of the lock. Also combining a cam or its equivalent to operate a lock
bolt with a spring bolt, arranged inside of and operated inside of the lock for
locking back the main bolt.
In store or safe locks, the novelty consists in the combination of the sliding
escutcheon, and the bolt with the shank, and also connecting the escutcheon
and the bolt to the shank by slotted arms or their equivalents so that the
escutcheon shall lead the bolt at the first movement of the shank.
Another important point is combining the box, pins, and bolts, and operating
them together so that they may support each other.
The next part of the Invention relates to double bolt and key door locks,

page_text: and consists in the use of two keys and two bolts, but with one set of bit
plates only, each key acting independently on the bit plates to arrange them
for the throwing of its own bolt.
The next part of the Invention relates to mortise locks with knob, and
locking bolts combined, and consists in combining a turning hub having two
cam projections, and bit plates with four sets of openings. The lock has
also two bolts, so that the key may be made under certain circumstances (such
as locking) to operate and control both bolts or to operate the locking bolt
only whilst the catch or bevel ended bolt may be operated by the shank of the
knobs, and serve only as a catch bolt.
The next part of the Invention consists in combining with the lock a knob
catch and night latch, to which end a double bitted key is used in com-
bination with a cam wheel, and suitable tumblers, which must be brought
into proper positions by the key before the lock can be used for its different
purposes. A spring is also made to act on the bolt for the purpose of forcing
the same forward when relieved from the tumblers.
The next part of the Invention relates to drawer locks, and consists in a
peculiar arrangement of key turning hub, bit plates, and spring shooting bolt,
so that one revolution of the key and turning hub shall arrange the bit plates,
drawin and lock the bolt and re-arrange the bit plates and allow the bolt to be
shot out by its spring. The bit plates of which there are three corresponding
with the three bits of the key, but of which there may be more or less, as may-
be preferred without changing the character of the Invention, have three
openings in them of rectangular form, the first is for a stud in the shooting
bolt to pass through, the second to allow the bit plates to move past and
interlock with the stud, and the third for the key and hub to turn in; each of
the bit plates has a spring to keep them in proper position when not being
acted upon by the hub or key, or both. The shooting bolt has a bow spring
bearing against it which is constantly tending to shoot out the bolt. It has
also the stud above-mentioned and a catch or shoulder against which the cam
projection on the disc takes to draw in the bolt.
The next part of the Invention relates to trunk and other locks, in which a
hasp is used. The improvements consist in the combined use of a slide and
key, with.a pile, or series of tumblers or bits, for the purpose of arranging the
tumblers so as to admit the key, and to lock or unlock the hasp. And it
further consists in the use of a notched hasp in connection with a mul-
tiple bolt.
Another improvement consists in protecting the hasp by recessing or burying
it. so as to shield it from accidents when handling trunks and other similar

page_text: things, to which the lock may be applied. The keyhole in this lock is made
exceedingly small; it would therefore be very difficult, if at all possible, to
pick it. And as the key is not required to move any part or thing in the lock,
its operation being passive rather than active, it may be made very small,
indeed so much so, that a pick of the requisite strength to move, hold,
or even "feel" the tumblers, could not be made and used therein.
The principal features of novelty in this lock are the combined use of a slide
and key, provided with a pile or series of tumblers, for the purpose of arranging
the tumblers of the lock, so as to insert the key, and to lock or unlock the
hasp. Also the use of a notched hasp or catch, fitted to and used with a
multiple bolt for greater security. The other improvement in this lock consists
in combining with the hasp, beadings for protecting or burying the hasp, so as
to prevent it from being injured by rough usage when travelling. In these
trunk or hasp locks the key bits, central turning hub, bit plates, and hasp
catch, may also be so arranged, that by turning the key in one direction the
lock shall be unlocked, and by continuing to turn the key in the same direction
it will be again locked. One of the bit plates has a wider margin at its lower
end than the others, and in this wide margin is made a slot, through which
the key passes when inserted, and the opening of the key straddles this margin,
and allows it to turn round. When the key is inserted, and it and the hub
are turned around, the key bits act against the bars of the bit plates, and move
and arrange them, so that the tongues shall be withdrawn from the hasp catch,
and then the hasp may be moved out, and by again pushing in the hasp catch,
and continuing to turn the key in the same direction, the hasp will be locked.
One entire revolution of the key and hub both unlocks and locks the hasp.
When the key and hub are turned ths of the entire revolution, the hasp is
unlocked; when they are turned the remaining th of a revolution, it is again
locked,and the key may be removed. The hub adds great security to the lock,
as it cuts off communication between the keyhole and the bit plates; but
should access be had to the bit plates, and they be moved, there is nothing
without the proper key that will stop them at the exact unlocking position;
and until they are all at this exact spot the hasp cannot be drawn out; should
they be moved a fraction too far then the tongues take into the hasp catch
and continue to hold it.
The last part of the Invention relates to padlocks or mail locks. These
locks in their general characteristics resemble the trunk lock, differing how-
ever from that mainly in the construction of the bit plates, and their action in
connection with a hinged hasp. As a padlock or mail lock, on account of its
portable and exposed condition, requires more securities against injury than

page_text: other locks, I have taken this fact into consideration, and duly provided
against such liabilities; its side plates and rim may be united in any of the
known modes of making and uniting such locks. The hub has two short
journals, which are supported in suitable bearings on the cheek plates of the
lock, and besides the key slot and the cut away portion the lock is furnished
with a disc, which turns in a covered recess under a plate; the cheeks are
thus firmly braced against any blows the lock may receive. The hasp is
hinged, and its catch is strengthened and protected against a pick or other
forcing tool by additional plates, so that the hasp, pivot, and catch can neither
be seen nor readily reached. The bit plates are three in number (more or
less, being equally applicable, if required), corresponding with the three bits
of the key. The bit plates have three active openings and one passive opening,
and in addition to these one of the plates has an extra opening in its lower bar,
to allow the key to be entered in the lock, and each of them has a spring to
keep them in a proper position when not acted upon by the hub or the key.
The bit plates are, moreover, held in proper position vertically by plates at
their upper and lower edges. Thus protected, and the lock case strengthened,
it would be impossible to disarrange the interior of the lock by any of the
ordinary casualties that such locks are subjected to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th.January 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: "
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND FASTENINGS, 8 com-
munication to him from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
The first part of this invention relates to that class of locks, in which the
bits, plates, springs, and other parts, which constitute the moving parts of the
lock are attached to the bolt, and are carried by it as it is moved in' the
lock case.
The Invention consists in combining slides or bits with the bolt, and with a
brace in the lock case or elsewhere, so that the pins in the key when entering
from the door may retain some of the slides or bits until the bolt is shot, the
others moving with the bolt, and thus virtually elongating some of the bits or
plates, and bracing the bolt with the others, so that the bolt cannot be forced
back into the lock. This part of the Invention relates more particularly to
bank, vault, or safe locks.
Fig. 1 represents in perspective the cover of the lock removed from the
box thereof; Fig. 2 represents in perspective the box of the lock' with the
cover removed, and the bolt plates, &c., removed also from its interior; Fig. 3
represents in perspective the operating parts of the lock removed from
the box or case, and Fig. 4 represents a perspective view of the same from
its opposite side as shewn in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 represents in perspective the key
of the lock.
The cover A of the lock may be a plain metal plate containing a knob or
lever C, a shaft, spindle, or shank B, and lever arm D for moving the bolt of
the lock when it is released from the bits or plates so as to be capable of
movement. The case or box E of the lock may be cast in one piece if so
.desired, and its whole interior may be filled by the bolt alone, thus making an
extraordinarily small case for a very large bolt. The case, however, if pre-
ferred may be made of two or more pieces. The cross bar F should be
removable for the purpose of taking out or placing in the bolt conveniently
in the case. There is a recess G in the bottom of the case for the pins that

page_text: release the bits to shoot into when pressed by the key pins, and there is an
opening H in one end of the case for the bolt to work through. The bolt I
may be made in one piece, and the pins, plates, and springs may be of the
most simple form and construction and easily attached thereto. The entire
bolt and its fixtures, as seen in Figs. 3 and 4, is moved when the lock is locked
or unlocked. The slides, plates, or bits a, a, a, may be made of steel, and
are of variable thicknesses, but all of the same form; they have two holes in
them, through which pins c, c, may pass, and they are piled up, as shewn in
the Drawings, thereby giving great power of permutation to the lock. The
pins c, c, are arranged in pairs upon a strip or saddle on the under side of
the bolt, of which strips there are a series corresponding with the series of
pins, and slides, or bits, and these saddles and pins are held up in place by
suitable springs of which I have shewn two kinds f, g, flat and coiled. The
stems around which the springs 9, arc coiled are supported in a plate / to
keep them in proper place and cause the pins to move truly without being
cramped. There is a pin i, to which the lever arm I) is attached by its slot b
for the purpose of moving the bolt by the knob C: Although I describe two
sets of pins c, c, as passing through each pile of slides or bits, I can use less
.or more than two, and I can increase or dimiuish the number of slides or
bits as I may prefer, not being compelled to use every pile in locking or
unlocking the bolt or lock, I can use the whole or less than the whole of the
bits as I please, and thus the combinations of the lock can be very much
increased, whilst its whole structure is of the most simple and cheap kind.
J (Fig. 5) represents a key with four pins only, but it may have any number
up to eight, and the bolt carries eight piles of plates and corresponding pins.
The pins in the key are removable and interchangable, and by having them of
varying lengths, and the bits of variable thicknesses, another combination may
be made, which would render the lock almost unpickable. The bolt can be
only released by the same combinations which fastened it, and the bolt may
be thrown by the knob alone not using the key, for a temporary holding of
the door closed. On the ends of the bits or slides a is a recess or "half
round" ՊՆ. ,which when the bolt is thrown out into the mortise or keeper,
receives the pin c, their other ends resting against the brace Fattached to the
lock case or box E, so that when the door is locked the bolt I cannot be
forced back against the resistance of these bits, of which any number may be
so placed according to the number, position, and lengths of the pins used for
the time being in the key. The key J has a removable plate or cap m on it
which is held in place by a set screw or screws k, and when it is desirable.to
change the pins of the key so as to alter their combination, the cap may be

page_text: loosened at one or both of its ends in order to get at the pins, and they can
be interchanged, or some of them entirely removed or replaced by others. On
the plate A there is a block K representing the door, or thickness of the door,
to which the lock is affixed. In this block or in the door there is a plate or
case Lcontaining a series of pins o, corresponding in number and position to
the number and position of the pins cin or on the bolt, so that the pins c may
be operated through those o by means of the key pins from the outside of the
door.
- In order to operate the lock, place the pins of the key in any of the holes
against the pins o in the door K, and press in the key as far as it will go,
this forces back the pins c, c, which hold the piles of plates a, and releases as
many of the plates, siides, or bits a, as there are pins and lengths of pins in the
key, and as many of the plates, slides, or bits of each pile as the respective
lengths of the key pins will reach will be capable of, a further movement;
now, by turning the knob, handle, or lever C, the bolt can be moved out, the
bits that are released resting against the brace F, whilst the others, not released,
nove of course with the bolt; when the bolt is moved to its full extent, the
key may be removed, and by releasing the pins c, which it previously held
back, they are instantly shot back by their springs into their normal positions,
and they pass up into or through the recesses or half rounds n of the plates
that rest against the brace F, so that to force back the bolt, every bit that so
braces it must be first broken. To unlock the door, the insertion of the key
-pins into the same holes again will replace or release these bracing bits, and
the bolt can be turned back. The action of these bits a, some remaining
stationary and others moving with the bolt, though all of the same length, is
similar to that of an elongation of the bits, and by this action the lock can be
made very compact and small, with great strength, and with powers of permu-
tation almost incalculable. If desirable, an escutcheon may be used in
connection with this lock, such as that hereafter described, and as shown at
K¹, and over this escutcheon a metal block K¹¹ may be placed, the pins used
in this connection being shewn at o¹, and thus the escutcheon will close
over the pin openings before the bolt moves, and will prevent access through
them.
The next part of the Invention relates to door and other locks, and consists
in the combination of the escutcheon and cam on the shank of the knob or
lever, with an interposed series of pins having collars or necks upon them,
which pins are to be arranged by the key before the escutcheon and cam can
be turned to move the bolt. And it further consists in the use of a spring bolt
inside of the lock for the purpose of making the lock serve the purpose also of

page_text: a "dead latch," or night lock or latch. Fig. 6 represents a perspective view of:
the lock; Fig. 7 represents in perspective a detached part of the lock; Fig. 8.
represents another detached part of the lock; Fig. 9 represents the pins upon
which the key pins act; and Fig. 10 represents the key of the lock.
A is the lock case, and B the bolt therein; this bolt has a shoulder a upon
it for a cam projection to catch against to move it back after it has been shot:>
forward by a spring when free from the cam projection. Cis a box containing
a series of pins b (Fig. 9) that have collars or necks c upon them, and which:
must be all properly arranged by the key before the cam that throws back the
bolt can be moved. . D is a part of the lock frame, and has upon it a series of
springs d, against or on which the pins 6 rest, and are pressed by the key pins
when the key is inserted. E is an external escutcheon on the shank of the
knob or lever F, and turns with the shank or knob. This escutcheon has a
radial slot e cut through it to admit of the insertion of the key G (Fig. 10)
and also a concentric slot that straddles the neck g of the key, so as to allow
the escutcheon to turn. The shank of the knob or lever F passes through the
hub c, and has upon it beyond the hub a cam H, which turns with the knob
or shank. This cam has four concentric slots / cut through it that will just
take and pass the necks o of the pins 6 in a portion of their length, the other
portions of the slots being large enough to move past the bodies of their
respective pins, as seen in Fig. 7. Upon the perimeter of the cam H there
are two projections i, k, the one i taking against the shoulder a in the bolt B
to force it back, and the other ke taking agaiust a projection n on a spring
bolt m to draw it down. This spring bolt, when released from the cam pro-
jection, shoots into a hole o in the main bolt B to prevent the bolt from being
thrown forward by its spring p (in dotted lines in Fig. 6), until the car is
turned far enough to draw down the bolt-m. Heretofore the bolt of a dead or
night latch has been locked or released by some contrivance on the outside of
the latch. I arrange the device for releasing the bolt on the inside of the
lock, and so that it cannot be got at or operated without the key of the lock.
I have shewn a kuob as the means for working the bolt and other parts of the
lock; a lever bent at right angles to the shank, would in most cases be better
as it would allow more room for the ready insertion of the key, and the shank
and knob. or lever instead of being on one side only may extend through the
lock or door, and be used from either side of it; or the lock may be a mortise
lock and access had to it from both sides of the door. To unlock the lock or
door, the key is first entered in the slot e of the escutcheon, and its pins pressed
in against the pins b, until the necks cof the pins 6 are so arranged that the
narrow portions of the slots / in the cam H will pass them. The knob F is.

page_text: then turned and brings the concentric slot f of the escutcheon over the neck g
of the key, and thereby holds the key in the lock. By continuing to turn the
knob, the projection i on the cam takes against the shoulder a on the main
bolt, and moves the bolt against the action of the spring p, which becomes
thereby compressed. By turning the knob in the reverse direction the recoil
of the spring p pushes out the main bolt after the spring bolt has been drawn
out of it by the projection % of the cam; but if it be desirable to allow the
main bolt to remain in the lock, then the cam need not be turned back far
enough to draw out the spring bolt. When in turning back the cam and
escutcheon the radial slot e comes opposite to the key, the springs & bearing
against their pins b, and the pins 6 pressing against the key pins, will jump
out the key, and the pins 6 thus moving their bodies into the wide portions of
the slots h, the parts are all locked, until the key is again inserted to arrange
the pins b. Although the ends of the pins may be easily got at, yet, without
the key, they cannot be properly arranged and held, for they must be held
when arranged, and the escutcheon and cam must be permitted to move past
the instrument that holds them arranged. It would, therefore, without the
proper key, be almost impossible to open the lock.
"
The next part of the Invention relates to store or safe locks, and consists
in the combination of a sliding escutcheon and bolt both operated from the
shank of the knob or outside lever. The sliding escutcheon and bolt are also
combined with the shank of the knob or its equivalent, so that the movement
of the escutcheon shall begin before the bolt commences to move both in
locking and unlocking, so that the key will be held in place, and the use
of a pick to open the lock will be prevented. And it further consists in the
combination of the pins, bolt, and box for retaining the pins and supporting
the bolt, so that the bolt shall work through the box, and the pins shall work
through the bolt, these several parts thereby mutually strengthening and
supporting each other.
Fig. 11 represents a broken section of a store, safe, or other door with the
lock attached thereto as a mortise lock; Fig. 12 represents a longitudinal
vertical section taken centrally through the bolt of the lock; Fig. 13 repre-
sents a transverse horizontal section through the lock, and Fig. 14 represents
a cross section of the same; Fig. 15 represents the pins that hold and release
the bolt, and Fig. 16 represents the key of the lock. On one side of the lock
case A.is the sliding escutcheon C, which is dovetailed so as to move freely on
a plate D, without, however, being removable from the plate. On the
opposite side of the lock case there is a box E, into which the pins F may be
pressed by the key G; each pin as it is pressed in compresses its spring a

page_text: behind it.. The portion 6 of the pins F (Fig. 15) is square; and the
portions c round while the necks e are flat; these pins work through the
bolt B, the portions core one or the other being constantly in connection with
the bolt, as the case may be. The bolt is furnished with holes d, d², large
enough for the bodies c of the pins F to pass freely into, and these holes d, d³,
are connected by slots f (or by holes and slots d¹¹, f, f¹, for a purpose to be
hereafter described) that will pass the necks e of the pins. It is obvious that
until the pins are so arranged that their necks are in one and the same
plane, which can only be done by the proper key, or rather by the bits of the
key, the bolt cannot be moved, but when they are so arranged, as seen in
Fig. 14; the bolt can be readily moved by turning the knob H, whose shank I
passes through a hub J arranged to turn in the lock: On the hub J there
are two arms or cams g, h, (seen in dotted lines in Fig. 12,) the one h to move
the escutcheon C by means of a pin i, and the other one g to move the bolt B
by means of a pinj.. .The respective movements of the escutcheon and bolt,
although both are moved by the shank I of the knob H, are peculiar. The
pin i works in a radial slot in its cain or arm h, whilst the pinj works in a
concentric slot in its cam or arm g. At the first movement of the knob or its
shank the arm h acts and moves the escutcheon, but the arm or cam g
traverses the length of its concentric slot before it begins to move the bolt B,
but as soon as the bolt begins to move, then both it-and the escutcheon move
together to the end of the throw of the bolt. The object of the escutcheon
thus leading the bolt in its movement is that the key may be caught and
retained whilst it is holding the pins in proper position to admit of the move
ment of the bolt, and to prevent the use of a pick or picks for effecting this
object in an attempt to feel and hold the pins so as to force the lock' without
the key. The object of the extra holes d¹¹ in the bolt is, that an extra,
escutcheon, or a different one may be applied or substituted for the one shewn,
the key slots n in such escutcheon being spaced to suit the spacing of the
holes d. The key G has permanent bits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, corresponding in'
number to the pins F in the lock. The manner in which these bits act upon
the pins is shown in Fig. 14, in which, as well as in Fig. 11, the manner in
which the sliding escutcheou straddles the neck of the key to hold it in place
are also shown. A cam m may be placed on the hub J so as to be in contact
with the sides of the mortise o in the bolt to prevent the rear end of the bolt
from tipping or binding in the lock by the action of the arms g, h, or either of
them on their respective pins when moving the bolt. The box E iu which
the pins are placed may be made of a solid piece of metal, the cells for con-
taining the pins being bored into it;
•

page_text: What I claim in bank, vault, store, or safe locks is, first, the combination
and arrangement of the piles of slides, plates, or bits, with the bolt, and with
a brace in or on the lock case or door for the purpose of locking or unlocking the
bolt. I also claim in combination with the pins that hold and release the slides
or bits, and with the key pins, a corresponding series of pins in the door to
which the lock is attached, so that the lock can be conveniently attached to
the door and the bits made accessible from the outside.
In door or other similar locks I claim, first, the combination of the escutcheon
and cam worked by the shank of the knob or lever, with an interposed series
of pins having necks thereon, and which must be properly arranged by a key
before either the escutcheon or cam can be turned to operate the main bolt of
the lock. I also claim the combination of a cam or its equivalent to operate a
lock bolt with a spring bolt m arranged inside of and operated inside of the
lock for locking back the main bolt.
In store or safe locks I claim, first, the combination of the sliding escutcheon
and the bolt with the shank I. I also claim so connecting the escutcheon
and the bolt to the shank by the slotted arms g, h, or their equivalents, that
the escutcheon shall lead the bolt at the first movement of the shank. I also
claim the combination of the box, pins, and bolt, and operating them together
and supporting each other as herein set forth.
The next part of the Invention relates to double bolt and key door locks,
and consists in the use of two keys and two bolts, but with one set of bit
plates only, each key acting independently on the bit plates to arrange them
for the throwing of its own bolt.
Fig. 17 represents a perspective view of the lock; Fig. 18 represents the
interior of the lock, one of the side plates being removed for that] purpose ;
Figs. 19 represent the two keys used in the lock; Figs. 20 represent the
hub and key slot for the upper key and bolt; Figs. 21 represent the hub
and key slot for the lower key and bolt, and Figs. 22 represent the bit plates
with their several openings.
A is the upper, and B the lower bolt. The upper bolt is thrown back by
the key C, and when released is shot out by a spring D behind it. The lower
bols is shot out of and into the lock case by the key E, which first arranges
the bit plates for that purpose, and then through its turning hub works the
bolt. The bit plates F, four in number (but any other number may be used),
extend from the lower bolt B to about the upper bolt A, and have three sets
of openings in them, viz., G, H, I, of which G, I, have branches a, b, extending
from them, through which, when arranged, a stud must pass to allow the
necessary movements to take place to throw the bolts, the other opening H

page_text: To
being rectangular and allowing of the upward movement of the bit plates, and
preventing them from moving beyonda certain point in the contrary direction.
The bit plates have each a spring c, the points of which bear against a stud d.,
and tend to throw down the plates from the elevated position into which the
key or keys may raise them. The key slots e, e, for each of the keys are
formed partially in their respective hubs J, K, and partially in the lock case
itself, the hubs turning with their keys, and by means of projections f. f, on
them which take into notches 9, g, in the bolts, they move the bolts.
draw in the upper bolt A the key C is inserted and turned around, which also
turns its hub J. The bits 1, 2, 3, 4, of the key arrange the curved slots b:
of the bit plates in line so that the stud h on the hub may enter them. The
projection fon the hub takes against the shoulder i of the bolt, and moves it,
back, where it will remain until the key is turned around the other way, when
the spring D acts and shoots it out again. To operate the lower bolt B, the
key E is inserted and turned around, which also turns its hub K. The key.
bits 5, 6, 7, 8, arrange the bit plates F so as to bring the openings a therein
all in line, and then the projection by taking into a depression i, in the
bolt moves out the bolt, its stud / passing through the slots a. By continuing
to turn the key its bits leave the bit plates, and then the springs c move
down the bit plates, and the stud k, as shown in Fig. 18, locks the bolt
out until the bit plates are re-arranged by the key, when a reverse operation
will draw back the bolt again. It is obvious that both keys cannot be used:
at one and the same time; when one is used the other should be taken
cut. For the lower bolt the key hole and slot may be at both sides of the.
lock so that the key may be entered from either side, but for the upper bolt it
may be on one side only, as for instance, like a night latch, where a key is
used only from the outside of the door. By the use of the hub I can make
a very slender and light key serve the purpose of moving the bit plates, because
it is strengthened by the hub which protects all but the ends of the key
bits, and by thus shortening their leverage, admits of their being delicately
made. And by using a delicate key the key slot may be made so small that.
a pick cannot be inserted in it, that would have the strength to force. the.
lock
What I claim as new in this part of the Invention is combining with two.
bolts in one and the same lock case, each bolt operated upon by its own key,
the bit plates F, common to both bolts and both keys, in the manner and for
the purpose herein described.
I also claim the combination of the slender key and turning hub for
the purpose described.

page_text: The next part of the Invention relates to mortise locks with knob and
locking bolts combined, and consists in combining a turning hub having two
cam projections and bit plates of special construction, with two bolts, so that
the key may be made under certain circumstances to operate and control both
bolts, or to operate the locking bolt only, whilst the catch or bevil-ended bolt
may be operated by the shank of the knobs. Fig. 23 represents the external
appearance of the lock; Fig. 24 represents the interior of the lock; Figs. 25
represent the key; Figs. 36 represent the turn ing hub, and Figs. 27 represent
the bed-plates. The hub A has short journals a, a, by which it is supported
and truly turned in the side plates of the lock. It has two opposite sides of a
portion of it cut away, as at b, b, and carries a disc c, having on its perimeter;
diametrically opposite each other, two cam projections d,d; and the hub has,
moreover, formed in it key slots e, e, extending both ways from the centre of
the hub, so as to receive a double bitted key B, as shewn in Figs. 25. The
form of the bit plates C and their number are shewn at Figs. 27; they have
four sets of openings f, g, h, i, those fare to allow the stud or stumpj of the
locking bolt D to pass into when properly arranged; those h for the purpose of
allowing the bit plates to move or be moved up or down past the stumpj;
those g to admit(under certain other arrangement of the bit plates) the locking
bolt, and the knob bolt to be both drawn into the lock; and those i for the
huband key bits to turn and work in. The knob bolt E is placed above the
locking bolt D and in close proximity to it, and has upon its under side
a recess k, in which a projection on the locking bolt works or moves. The
knob shank passes through the square opening m in the shank tube n, and
upon this tube n there is a lever or arm o that takes against a projection p on
the knob bolt E for drawing in the bolt,it being shot out again when released
by its spring q. To operate the lock, presuming the bolts to be out as repre-
sented in Figs. 23, 24, insert the key, and by turning it the hub A turns with
it. The first movement of the hub and afterwards of the key arrange the
slots fall in line, and the projection d on the disc e carries back the bolt D by
taking into a recess 2 therein. During this movement the stump; passes into
the slots f. When the bolt D is thus drawn into the lock then the knob bolt E
is free to be used by the knobs on either side of the door. If, however, after
the bolt D is drawn in it is desirable to draw in also the bolt E it is only
necessary to continue the turning of the key, which brings its second set of
bits into action, and arranges the slots g-in line, and the second projection d
coming around takes into the recess 3 in the bolt D, and carries it and the
bolt E with it farther into the lock, both being then within the lock case. To
shoot them out reverse the key and make the two motions backward.. When

page_text: the bolt D is out it locks out the bolt E by its projection ; but when the
bolt D is drawn in then the bolt E can be moved independently of it. Thus
under certain circumstances the key controls both bolts, whilst under other
circumstances the knob bolt is independent of the key. and its bolt proper.
When the bit plates are not controlled by the hub or key they are thrown into
their interlocking position by their springs r.
Under this head of the Invention I claim the combination with the two
bolts and double-bitted key of the hub and bit plates, arranged, constructed,
and operating together as herein described.
Fig. 28 represents a perspective view of a combined lock, knob, catch, and -
night latch; Fig. 29 represents a vertical longitudinal section through the
same; Figs. 30 represent a detached part of a portion of the interior of the
lock; Figs. 31 represent the key of the lock, catch, or latch; Fig. 32 repré-
sents the knob and its shank detached from the lock, and Figs. 38 represent
the tumblers detached from the lock case. The lock is represented as a
mortise lock, in which A is the case or shell, B the face plate, C the bolt,
which, for the several purposes herein-after mentioned, is made with a bevil
D, so as to run back into the case when drawn against the keeper. The
tumblers E are shown separately at Figs. 33, and where piled up in the lock
are kept in their vertical movements by guide pins a, a, a, permanently set
in the lock case. The tumblers E have six openings or slots in them, viz., b₁
c, d, e, f, g, of which those 6 are simply guide slots, which allow the tumblers
to move past the guide pin a; the others, however, must be all arranged or
disarranged, as circumstances may require, in locking, unlocking, or shooting
the bolt by the key or by the knob. F is the cam wheel, having a hub'h that
projects through the side plate of the case, and through this wheel and hub
are cut the openings for the key G, which has a series of bits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(corresponding with the series of tumblers) on opposite sides of the shank or
key stem, one set of bits projecting farther from the stem or shank than the
other set. Upon the inside of the cam wheel F, or the side opposite to that
on which the hub h is placed, there is a projecting piece i, which is slotted so
as to allow the long bits of the key to pass through it, whilst a long slot j in
the key bits admits the solid or uncut portion of this projecting piece i. "There
is also upon this cam wheel E an armk, which has a projecting stud or pin / in
it, and a second arm m, the object and purposes of which will be presently
explained. The bolt O is guided in its movements by the pins a¹all; it has
a shoulder n, against which the arm m on the cam wheel F takes under
certain circumstances, as also a shoulder o, against which the stud or pin / in
the arm k takes under certain other circumstances. There is also a projecting

page_text: Piece on the rear end of the bolt, against which the arm H (that is upon the
hub I, through which the shank J of the knob K passes) takes to move back
the bolt when simply used as a knob, bolt, or catch; and the bolt when not
otherwise.controlled is forced out of the lock by a spring a behind it. The
shank J of the knob K is divided at or near its centre as at r, the portions
being fast to and turning with the knob, whilst the portion is loose thereon,
so that whilst the knob K and portions would operate the hub I and arm H,
and consequently the bolt C, yet a knob on the other end of the shank would
notdo so, as it would only turn the part t upon the interior, which is really
the shank, the outer portion being only a loose sleeve turning upon the inner
portion. The bolt C is represented in Fig. 29 as being thrown out to its full
extent and locked out by its stud u, which bears against a solid portion of the
tumblers E, and in this position it is a lock to the door, and can only. be
unlocked by the key G, which is inserted in the key slot, and by the turning of
which the tumblers are so arranged that the slots e shall all come in a line, so
that the pin on the arm k may traverse them, and so that also the openings.f
may all come in line, that the stud u on the bolt may pass through the slots /.
When the slots or openings are thus arranged by the key bits the cam wheel
Fis turned by the key and its arm k takes against the rear shoulder o on the
bolt and moves the bolt back until its studu passes through the openings f
and into the openings g, which are large enough to admit of the vertical
movement of the tumblers, as well as the out-and-in movements of the bolt to
a limited extent, and the tumblers being now released they disarrange them-
selves by means of their spring v. In this position the lock becomes a knob
catch or a night latch, as follows:-By means of the knob and its shank on
the inside of the door, the hub I and arm H can be operated to draw back
the bolt, the bolt being shot out again by its spring a whenever it is released
by letting go the knob; or the door may be pushed to, and the bevil of the
bolt coming against the keeper, pushes it into the lock until it has passed the
bevil or lip of the keeper, when its spring shoots it out again into the keeper
or bolt catch on the jamb of the door, or by inserting the key on the other
side of the door and turning it so that its bits shall arrange the openings c'in
line for the pin on the arm k to enter, and then continuing to turn the key
the arm m on the cam wheel F, takes against the shouldern of the bolt C
and moves back the bolt, and when the boltis released by the removal of the
key the tumblers disarrange themselves, and the lock ceasing to be a night.
latch, becomes again a kaob catch belt. The key can only be inserted and
withdrawn when the cam wheel F is in a certain position, and to keep it in
that position until the key is inserted again, the arm m is caught by a spring.
l

page_text: latch w, and this latch will hold the wheel in that position until the key is
inserted and turned, which causes the arm to force out the latch and release.
the cam wheel.
Although I have described a peculiar kind of knob shank and a knob upon
one end only, yet I do not confine the Invention to such solely, as an ordinary:
shank with a knob on both sides of the door may be used instead.
Under this head of the Invention I claim the combination of a double
bitted key G with the cam wheel F, tumblers E, and bolt C.
The next part of the Invention relates to drawer locks, and consists in a
peculiar arrangement of key, turning hub, bit plates, and spring shooting bolt,.
so that one revolution of the key and turning hub shall arrange the bit plates,
draw in and lock the bolt and re-arrange the bit plates, and allow the bolt to
be shot out by its spring. Fig. 34 represents a perspective view of the lock,
Fig. 35 represents the interior thereof, Figs. 36 represent the key, Figs. 37.
represent different views of the turning hub, and Figs. 38 represent the bit.
plates. The external appearance of the lock is like that of the common
drawer lock. A hub A is supported in the front and back plates B, C, of
the lock by short journals a, a. This hub has formed in it the key slot b, and
a portion as at c is cut away from it. There is also a disc d with a cam pro-
jection e upon it. The bit plates D, of which there are three, corresponding
with the three bits 1, 2, 3, of the key E, but of which there may be more or
less as may be preferred, have three openings f, g, h, in them of rectangular
form; the first fis for a studi in the shooting bolt F to pass through, the
second g is to allow the bit plates to move past and interlock with the stud i,
and the third h is for the key and hub to turn. in. Each of the bit plates has
a spring; to keep them in proper position when not being acted upon by the
hub or key, or both. The shooting bolt F has a bow spring / bearing against
it, which is constantly tending to shoot out the bolt. It has also the stud i
above mentioned, and a catch or shoulder l,against which the cam projection.
e on the disc d takes to draw in the bolt. Suppose the bolt F to be shot out,
as shewn in Figs. 34 and 35, then by inserting the key and turning it a
quarter of a revolution or thereabouts, the hub first and the key bits afterwards
arrange the slots in line, and just as this is done the came of the disc d
(which is a part of the turning hub )comes against the shoulder / on the bolt,
and draws the bolt into the lock against the action of the spring k. The
moment this is done the bit plates are released, and their springs; throw them
into
an interlocked position with regard to the stud ion the bolt, and the bolt
now remains locked in the lock. By turning the key and hub again, and
re-arranging the bit plates so as to bring the slots fin line, the spring k recoils;

page_text: and shoots out the bolt, and by turning the key and hub still further, or
backing them out of this position, the bit plates again interlock with the stud
and hold the bolt.
Under this head of the Invention I claim the combination of the key,
turning hub, and bit plates with a shooting bolt, the whole constructed and
co-operating together for the purpose herein described.
ין
The next part of the Invention relates to trunk and other locks in which a
hasp is used. The improvements consist in the combined use of a slide and
key provided with a pile or series of tumblers or bits for the purpose of
arranging the tumblers of the lock so as to admit the key and to lock or
unlock the hasp. And it further consists in the use of a notched hasp in
connection with a multiple bolt. Another improvement consists in protecting
the hasp by recessing or burying it, so as to shield it from accidents when
handling trunks and other similar things to which the lock may be applied.
Fig 39 represents the lock attached to the body and lid of a trunk or box;
Fig. 40 represents a section through the tumblers and hasp catch as they
appear when locked; Fig. 41 represents a section through the the tumblers as
they appear when drawn back to admit the key; Fig. 42 represents a section
through the tumblers as they appear when the key is inserted in the lock;
and Figs. 48 represent the tumblers detached.
· A represents a box of iron or brass for containing the tumblers, and B the
face plate of the lock. In the Drawings five tumblers, .1, 2, 8, 4, 5, are
shewn, but a greater or less number may be employed. Their outline, as well
as their openings, are rectangular, and hence easily stamped out with dies.
The tenons and mortises of the tumblers vary in position and in size, as seen
in Figs. 43, and in addition to these tenons and mortises they have slots a for
the pin c of the slide 6 to operate in, and slots d for the key C to enter. The
hasp hole e is made in the face plate B, and also the keyhole f, which is
escutcheoned to prevent it from enlarging or becoming bruised by use. There
is also a slide 6 with an opening g for the slide pin c to work through, and a
beading to protect the hasp from injury, the hasp being buried, as it were,
in the beading. The hasp plate D is secured to the lid of the trunk, and the
hasp E carries a catch piece F of peculiar form as to its openings, it being
notched for a multiple bolt; and this hasp plate has also a beading i, which
when the trunk is locked forms a continuation of that h on the face plate, thus
making a perfect protection to the hasp, which has a pin jupon it, and when
the hasp is down and locked this pinj enters a hole k in the face plate, and in
entering compresses a spring shown in dotted lines in Fig. 41, so that when
the catch of the hasp is released by the act of unlocking the bolt, the spring

page_text: will throw out the hasp. When the tumblers are piled up in the box or lock
the springs / throw them into the positions shown in Fig. 40, in which posi-
tions the tenons or arms of the tumblers are in the catch F of the hasp, and
although the tumblers may all be drawn back against their springs by the
slide 6, yet this operation does not release the catch or hasp, because removing
one set of tenons or arms draws in the opposite set, and they so interlock as
never to be all out of the catch at the same time, and however much or little
the slide may be moved, the hasp is not released without the action of the
key C. When the slide 6 is drawn back it places the tumblers in the posi-
tions shewn in Fig. 41, which positions expose the key slots d in line, so that
the key may be introduced into the lock,but in these positions the hasp is still
locked. The key being inserted as shewn in Fig. 42, and the slide 6 released,
the tumblers are forced by their springs against the bits of the key, as shewn
in Fig.42,in which positions the tenons or arms of the tumblers are all drawn
out of the hasp catch, and the spring by pressing against the ping of the hasp
throws it out, and leaves the mortises of the tumblers in line, as shewn in
Fig. 42. The key hole in this lock is made exceedingly small, it would there-
fore be very difficult, if at all possible, to pick it; and as the key is not
required to move any part or thing in the lock, its operation being passive
rather than active, it may be made very small indeed, so much so that a pick
of the requisite strength to move, hold, or even "feel" the tumblers could not
be used therein.
Under this head of the Invention I claim the combined use of a slide and
key, provided with a pile or series of tumblers for the purpose of arranging
the tumblers of the lock,so as to insert the key and to lock or unlock the hasp.
I claim also the use of a notched hasp or catch fitted to and used with a
multiple bolt for greater security.
I also claim combining with the hasp the beadings h,i,for protecting or bury-
ing the hasp, so as to prevent it from being injured by rough usage when
travelling.
Another improvement in trunk or hasp locks consists in so combining and
arranging the key bits, central turning hub, bit plates,and hasp catch, that by
turning the key in one direction the lock shall be unlocked, and by continuing
to turn the key in the same direction it will be again locked. Fig. 44 repre-
sents the face plate of the lock; Fig. 45 represents the interior thereof;
Figs. 46 represents the key; Figs. 47 represent the hasp; Figs. 48 represent
the hub and key slot therein; and Figs. 49 represents the bit plates.
-The face plate A has two slots in it, a, b, the one a being for the stem c-of
the hub B,and also for the keyslot, which slot or opening maybe escutcheoned

page_text: as at d, to prevent the key slot from being bruised or worn; the other slot b is
for receiving the catch e of the hasp C. D represents the bit plates, of which
there are three shewn, but more or less may be used without changing the
characteristics of the lock. Springs fare connected with the bit plates, to
hold them in a certain fixed position when not acted upon by the key or hub.
The openings in the bit plates are of a rectangular form, those g being of an
"I" form, and the others h of a rectangular shape. The key E has three
bits, 1, 2, 3, corresponding in number with the bit plates D. A portion of
the hub B, as at i, is cut away, to allow the bit plates to be moved by their
springs to throw the tongues ; thereof into the steps 4,5,6, of the hasp catche,
when this portion i arrives at the proper position for locking the hasp, as
shewn in Fig. 45. One of the bit plates has a wider margin at its lower end
than the others, and in this wide margin is made a slot k, through which the
key passes when inserted, and the opening 1 of the key straddles this margin
and allows it to turn around. When the key is inserted and it and the hub are
turned around, the key bits act against the bars of the bit plates, and move
and arrange them so that the tonguesjshall be withdrawn from the lasp catch,
and then the hasp may be moved out. And by again pushing in the hasp
catch, and continuing to turn the key in the same direction the hasp will be
ocked. One entire revolution of the key and hub both unlocks and locks the
hasp. When the keyand hub are turned three-fourths of the entire revolution,
thehaspis unlocked, when theyare turned the remaining one-fourth of arevolu-
tion it is again locked, and the key may be removed. The hub adds great
security to the lock, as it cutsoffcommunication between the keyhole and thebit
plates, but should access be had to the bit plates, and they be moved, there is
nothing without the proper key that will stop them at the exact unlocking
position, and until they are all at this exact spot the hasp cannot be drawn out.
Should they be moved a fraction too far, then the tongues m take into the
hasp catch and continue to hold it. When the key and hub are first turned,
the concentric portion n of the hub partially moves the bit plates, but not
enough to withdraw the tonguesj from the hasp catch, but when the key bits
come against the bars /,they complete the arrangement of them and put them
into their exact unlocking position, and then the hasp is free. The key being
very delicate, the key slot is correspondingly small and inaccessible to a pick;
the hub gives to the key great protection and strength, as it embraces much of
it within itself.
In reference to this trunk and hasp lock, I claim the combination and
arrangement of the key, hub, bit plate, and hasp catch, each operating in the
manner and for the purpose set forth.
"

page_text: The last part of the Invention relates to padlocks or mail locks. These
locks, in their general characteristicks, resemble the trunk lock, differing, how-
ever, from that mainly in the construction of the bit plates and their action in
connection with a hinged hasp. A padlock or mail lock (on account of its
portable and exposed condition) requires more securities against injury than
other locks.
Fig. 50 is a perspective view of a padlock; Fig. 51 represents the interior
thereof; Figs. 52 represent the key; Figs. 53 represent the turning hub;
and Figs. 54 represent the bit plates.
The side plates and rim of the lock may be united in any of the known
modes of making and uniting such locks. The hub A has two short journals
a, a, which are supported in suitable bearings on the cheek plates B of the
lock; and besides the key slot 6 and the cut away portion c the lock is fur-
nished with the disc 2, which turns in a covered recess under the plate e; the
cheeks B are thus firmly secured against any blows the lock may receive.
The hasp C is hinged at f, and its catch g enters at h, when it is shut down.
These points fand h are strengthened and protected against a pick or other
forcing tool by the additional plates i, i, so that the hasp, pivot, and catch can
neither be seen nor readily reached. The bit plates D are three in number,
corresponding with the three bits 1, 2, 3, of the key E. The bit plates have three
active openings j, k, l, and one passive opening m, and in addition to these one
of the plates has an extra opening n in its lower bar o to allow the key to be
entered in the lock, and each of them has a spring p to keep them in proper
position when not acted upon by the hub A. or key E. The bit plates are,
moreover, held in proper position, vertically, by the plates r, s, at their upper
and lower edges. With the lock case thus protected and strengthened it
would be impossible to disarrange the interior of the lock by any ordinary
casualties. The slots; in the bit plates are in the arc of a circle whose centre
is at, so that the hasp catch may freely and neatly enter therein. The
slots / extend horizontally both ways from the lower end of the slot, so as to
form bolts or tongues to enter the catch of the hasp, and the slots lare quad-
rangular, and large enough to allow the hub and key to turn therein. The
slots m are merely to allow a rivet to be passed through from cheek to cheek
of the lock without interfering with the movement of the bit plates. When
the hasp is locked in, the bit plates rest against the cut-away portion c of the
hub, being held there by their springs p. When the key is inserted and
turned it carries with it the hub A, and this hub partially moves back the bit
plates, not far enough, however, to release the hasp, but when the key bits
come around they arrange the bit plates so that the nasp catch is released, and

page_text: it may then be swung out of the lock. A three-quarter turn of the key
arranges the bit plates so that the hasp may be swung out or in, and the
remaining quarter turn in the same direction again locks the hasp. Besides
the security against picking that the hub affords to the lock, it further enables
me to use a very delicate key which is light and convenient to carry, its bits
projecting but very little beyond the perimeter of the hub, and the other
portions of the key are perfectly protected in the hub and the leverage upon
its bits is lessened, thereby allowing it to be very delicately made.
Under this head of the Invention I claim the combination of the key, hub,
bit plates and their openings, with a hinged hasp and the cheek plates, for the
purpose herein set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)