CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LEATHER IN. COMBINATION WITH INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFAC- TURING OF HOSE PIPES, AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE LEATHER IS REQUIRED. TO BE IMPERVIOUS TO WATER, STEAM, OR FROST
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Wilson, sen', and Robert Wilson, jun*,
of Livesy Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the,
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LEATHER IN.
COMBINATION WITH INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFAC-
TURING OF HOSE PIPES, AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE LEATHER IS REQUIRED.
TO BE IMPERVIOUS TO WATER, STEAM, OR FROST."
Sealed the 10th June 1859, and dated the 16th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Wilson, senior,,
and Robert Wilson, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th December 1858.
We, ROBERT WILSON, sen', and ROBERT WILSON, jun", of Livesy Street,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LEATHER IN COM-
BINATION WITH INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR. THE MANUFACTURING OF
HOSE PIPES, AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE LEATHER IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPERVIOUS
TO WATER, STEAM, OR FROST," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention consists in so treating leather, and combining it
with india-rubber and other materials, as to render it more impervious to
water, steam, or frost, when made up into hose pipes applicable to fire engines,
railway washing out or tank pipes, or for the connecting pipes of locomotive

page_text: engines and tenders, or for other similar purposes where leather is required to
resist the action of hot water, steam, and frost, and to increase its strength and
durability for such purposes. For this purpose we take leather, of suitable
thickness and strength for hose pipes, or for other purposes where the article
is required to be impervious to or to resist the action of steam, hot water, or
frost, and we first thoroughly cleanse the same by scouring in cold water.
The inner surface is then cut or shaved evenly, and a layer of dubbing, com-
posed of oil and tallow, is applied to it, and it is then hung up until the dubbing
is well absorbed. The outer grain of the leather is then taken off, and each
surface of the leather is punctured by means of a roller, the surface of which
is set with small spikes or teeth, after which a solution of india-rubber com-
bined with shellac is applied to the surface of the leather, which enters into
and is retained by the small punctures and grain of the leather; a thin layer of
india-rubber is then applied, which serves as a foundation to receive a covering
of vulcanized or other india-rubber cloth, or of a sheet of vulcanized or other
india-rubber, according to the purpose for which it is intended.
The combined sheets of leather and india-rubber are then stretched upon a
drum or roller, or pressure may be applied, to cause the india-rubber to adhere
firmly to the leather, and when this is accomplished, the outer surface of the
leather (previously punctured) has a coating of the india-rubber solution
applied thereto.
The leather and india-rubber thus combined may be made up into hose
pipes by overlapping the edges and rivetting in the usual way, the india-rubber
surface being internal of such pipes, thus forming a lining thereto, and hose
pipes constructed according to our Invention will be capable of sustaining a
greater pressure, and when vulcanized india-rubber is employed, as above
described, they will be found to resist more effectually the action of steam,
hot water, or frost.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Wilson, senior, and Robert Wilson, junior, in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
WILSON, senior, and ROBERT WILSON, junior, both of Livesy Street, Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Robert Wilson, senior, and Robert Wilson, junior, Her special licence
that we, the said Robert Wilson, senior, and Robert Wilson, junior, our exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert
Wilson, senior, and Robert Wilson, junior, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LEATHER IN COMBINATION WITH
INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF HOSE PIPES, AND
OTHER PURPOSES WHERE LEATHER IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPERVIOUS TO WATER, STEAM,
OR FROST," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Robert
Wilson, senior, and Robert Wilson, junior, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Wilson, senior, and Robert
Wilson, junior, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention consists in so treating leather, and combining
it with india-rubber and other materials, as to render it more impervious to
water, steam, or frost when made up into hose pipes applicable to fire engines,
railway washing-out or tank pipes, or for the connecting pipes of locomotive
engines and tenders, or for other similar purposes where leather is required to
resist the action of hot water, steam, and frost, and to increase its strength and
durability for such purposes. For this purpose we take leather of suitable
thickness and strength for hose pipes, or for other purposes where the article
is required to be impervious to or to resist the action of steam, hot water, or
frost, and we first thoroughly cleanse the same by scouring in cold water in
any convenient manner. The inner surface is then cut or shaved evenly to
the thickness required, and a layer of dubbing, composed of oil and tallow, is
applied to it, and it is then hung up until the dubbing is well absorbed. The
outer grain of the leather is then taken off with a currier's knife, and the
leather is punctured by means of a roller, the surface of which is set with

page_text: small spikes or teeth, after which a solution of india-rubber combined with
shellac is applied to the surface of the leather, which enters into and is
retained by the small punctures and grain of the leather. A thin layer of
india rubber solution is then applied, which serves as a foundation to receive a
covering of vulcanized or other india-rubber cloth, or of a sheet of vulcanized
or other india-rubber, according to the purpose for which the combined sheets
of leather and india-rubber are intended. The combined sheets of leather and
india-rubber are then stretched upon a drum or roller, or pressure may be
applied in any convenient manner for a suitable time to cause the india-rubber
to adhere firmly to the leather, and when this is accomplished, the outer
surface of the leather (previously punctured) has a coating of the india-rubber
solution applied thereto. The leather and india-rubber thus combined may
be made up into hose pipes by overlapping the edges and rivetting, by copper
rivets, in the usual way in which hose or similar pipes are made up, the india-
rubber surface being internal of such pipes, thus forming a lining thereto; and
hose pipes constructed according to our Invention will be capable of sustaining.
a greater pressure, and when vulcanized india-rubber is employed, as above
described, they will be found to resist more effectually the action of steam,
hot water, or frost. And it will be found that leather prepared and combined
with india-rubber, as herein described, may be advantageously employed for
various purposes where such materials are exposed to the action of steam,
hot water, or frost.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Wilson, senior, and Robert
Wilson, junior, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-nine