matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING TILT FOR CASKS OR BARRELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Pearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1871.
I, THOMAS CHARLES PEARSON, of Openshaw, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING TILT FOR CASKS OR BARRELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved and simplified self-acting
arrangement of mechanism for tilting casks or barrels upon any ordinary
stillage, and consists in the use and application of a grooved pulley or
segment of a pulley working eccentrically in bearings in a hanger
affixed above the stillage; over this grooved pulley or segment a chain is
passed, one end of which is affixed to the barrel and its other extremity
is connected to a weight designed for tilting the barrel as it gradually
becomes empty; or such chain may be in two portions, one being affixed
to the barrel and the other to the weight, their other extremities being
secured in the groove of the pulley or segment. The upper edges of the
groove are scrrated in order to allow pawls mounted upon the hanger to

page_text: catch upon them, and thus to prevent oscillation, one of such pawls
working in front of and the other at the back of the hanger. This tilter
gradually and self-actingly lifts the rear end of the barrel as it becomes
emptied without disturbing the sediment, the chain being thrown
farther off the axis of the pulley or segment as the barrel becomes
lighter by virtue of such pulley being eccentrically mounted in its
bearings.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS FOR PREVENTING OR REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lockwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th February 1871.
I, WILLIAM Lockwood, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OR MEANS FOR PREVENTING OR REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM
BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an inexpensive, simple, and efficient method
or means for preventing or removing incrustation or what is generally
called "scale" in or from the interiors of steam boilers, and it consists
principally in the application and use in steam boilers of leather (in its
manufactured state) with which oak bark (as used for tanning) may or
may not be employed as required, and the liquid of tan pits may also
be employed for the same purpose. The leather may be of any kind
excepting white, and by preference such as has been tanned with oak
bark, acorns, or the like. It requires no preparation (further than its
being in a manufactured state) before being put into the boiler, and the
smallest parings that can be obtained will best answer the purpose. The

page_text: leather (and the oak bark if required to be used) is put into the boiler
and is allowed to float about in the water, or if desired, the pieces of
leather or bark may be kept together in any particular part or parts of
the boiler, by means of a wire screen or other convenient means, so that
when the engine ceases to work the remains of the leather or bark may,
if desired, be readily recovered for future use.
The object of the Invention is attained in the following manner :-
r:-The
leather will become dissolved in the hot water of the boiler, and the sap
which is contained in the bark with which the leather is tanned (and
the liquid of tan pits if used) will prevent the hardening of the incrus-
tation or "scale" inside the boiler, and if already there it will cause the
incrustations or "scale" to blister and peel off. The application of this
Invention will prove to be a certain remover, preventer, and in fact a
curer of incrustation in steam boilers, whereby the present great wear
and tear and heavy labour incurred in chipping off incrustations or
"scale" will be entirely dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE-BOATS, SURF-BOATS, AND ORDINARY BOATS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AND ALSO FOR THE IMPROVEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING VESSELS GENERALLY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Hyde Astley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1871.
I, PETER HYDE ASTLEY, of No. 4, Caroline Villas, Maryland Point,
Stratford, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE-BOATS,
SURF-BOATS, AND ORDINARY BOATS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AND ALSO FOR THE
IMPROVEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING VESSELS GENERALLY," to be as
follows:-
To consist of a air chamber constructed to pass from stem to stern or
otherwise amidships any boat, boats, or any floating vessel or vessels to
which the said improvements may be applied or applicable.
Secondly. To consist of two tubes or more fixed into the interior, &
at the top or middle of the air chamber which shall run & pass into
the air-tight compartment or compartments which are contained in
bulkheads at the sterm and stern of the boat. This air chamber is
inclosed at the bottom of the boat by a bottom perforated with holes
to which bottom a powerfull keel is fixed; the weight of the boat when

page_text: afloat forcing the water through the perforated bottom forces the air to
ascend into the air chamber, thereby causing a self-acting power of
ballast & floatation to the boat in the middle, also into the tubes or
pipes as aforementioned, which run or pass into the bulkheads or air
chambers placed stem or stern of the boat or vessel, or otherwise,
as aforementioned. A tap or stop-cock is placed in the center of the air
chamber by which means the air can be allowed to escape, thereby
letting in the water through the perforated bottom, which acts as a very
powerfull ballast.
I also apply a stout flange or rib of wood or iron inside the air
chamber running from stem to stern, the object of this flange is to divido
the water if any there be in the air chamber when the boat is capsised,
and by its action on one side of the flange to cause the boat immediately
to right herself.
I also apply bollows seats in the boat as a means of at all times
IMPROVEMENTS IN THEATRICAL AND FANCY COSTUMES APPLICABLE MORE ESPECIALLY TO STAGE 'ARMOUR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1871.
I, ALFRED DAVIS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THEATRICAL AND FANCY COSTUMES APPLICABLE MORE ESPECIALLY
TO STAGE 'ARMOUR, "" to be as follows:-
My improvements in theatrical and fancy costumes relate more
particularly to stage "armour," but they are also applicable to other
descriptions of theatrical and fancy costume.
The object of my Invention is to produce an inexpensive theatrical or
fancy costume, which shall possess all the beauty and effect of the more
costly stage armour or similar dress now in use.
Stage armour has hitherto been made of interlinked chains or in
some other similar way. My Invention consists in the employment
of suitably coloured, silvered, or gilded beads, preferably tube beads

page_text: coloured, silvered, or gilded inside, which, when strung on twine or
wire, are meshed or linked together so as to resemble chain armour,
or the beads so strung may be made up into any desired pattern,
and applied to other descriptions of theatrical and fancy costume
besides armour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSULING BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREPOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Paterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
March 1871.
I, JAMES PATERSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSULING BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS,
AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREPOR," to be as follows, that
is to say:
-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in fixing capsules on
bottles or other vessels in a more rapid and effectual manner than
hitherto practised, consists mainly in the employment of hydraulic or
fluid pressure for that purpose. The pressure is applied on the exterior
of an india-rubber or other elastic chamber, into which the neck of the
bottle with the capsule loosely resting thereon is placed. In the upper
part of the apparatus a cylinder fitted with a plunger is situated, and
which is coupled by a lever and connecting rod to a treadle. The
operator when depressing the treadle by means of his foot causes the
plunger to descend in the cylinder, which action forces the water or other
liquid or fluid into the space surrounding the elastic chamber, which

page_text: thereby becoming compressed around the capsule also compresses it and
compels it to assume a form corresponding to the neck of the bottle
or other vessel, and upon which it therefore becomes securely fixed. In
place of employing water or fluid in the cylinder an india-rubber cushion
may be placed therein and which is similarly acted upon by the plunger,
or in place of using a plunger the india-rubber chamber may be con-
nected to a vessel from which compressed air or steam is admitted for
collapsing the elastic chamber around the capsule.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SIGNALLING OF RAILWAYS OR OTHER PLACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Alexander Calvert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th October 1871.
I, CHARLES ALEXANDER CALVERT, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SIGNALLING
OF RAILWAYS OR OTHER PLACES," to be as follows:
:-
The object of this Invention is to afford a more certain and ready
means of signalling or communicating between engine drivers and signal-
men (and vice versa), and between passengers and guard in railway
trains, or for a signal on board ships, or in other places where a signal
by sound is required.
I propose to construct an apparatus that will emit any volume of
sound or tone required, so as to be heard at a distance (for example)
I erect in the signal box on railways a cylinder or chamber, which is to
be filled with compressed air by means of an air pump; to this cylinder
I attach a trumpet or horn, upon which are a number of valves for

page_text: emitting the sound or tone required from the compressed air chamber.
Upon the air chamber are also a number of keys communicating with
the valves on the trumpet or horn. It will be evident that whenever a
certain key is pressed on the air chamber it will open the corresponding
valve on the trumpet, and thus emit the sound or tone required, and by
this means I am enabled to get any number of tones from the trumpet
mouth, which will act as a code of signals, and which will be a readier
means and more certain in action than the mode at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THe ManufactuRE OF ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS WITHOUT THE AID OF MACHINERY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henchman Clubbe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th June 1871.
I, WILLIAM HENCHMAN CLUBBE, of Lowestoft, in the County of
3 Suffolk, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THe ManufactuRE OF ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS WITHOUT THE
AID OF MACHINERY," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of the most brilliant
flowers & leaves made by unravelling useless bits of silk, satin, poplin,
) and other material however old, soiled, crushed, or faded they may be.
The unravelling is effected by hand without the aid of machinery or any
apparatus connected therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMICAL APPLICATION OF FUEL TO DOMESTIC FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Hogg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1871.
=
I, FRANCIS HOGG, of No. 14, Windsor Road, Denmark Hill, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMICAL APPLICATION OF FUEL TO DOMESTIC
FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
I manufacture hollow globes of iron in the form of an oblate spheroid,
in size about the bulk of an average orange, in thickness varying from
one-eighth to one-quarter of an inch, and having a perforation or per-
forations in one or both of the flattened portions of the globular vessel,
said perforation being an aperture about the size of a shilling. I also
manufacture these hollow globes of iron with numerous perforations or
slots throughout the shell. The globes may or may not contain a ball
or knobs of fire-clay inside cach. I use these globes in common domestic
fire-places laid in any grate or mixed with coal in order to economize the
consumption of fuel.

page_text: I claim the manufacture and application of such perforated iron globes
or chambers (with or without a ball or knobs of fire-clay inside) for the
purpose of laying in grates and mixing, with coal and economizing its
consumption in domestic fire-places. I prefer the form of an oblate
spheroid, but I do not restrict myself as to the form, the number, or the
shape of the perforations, or the thickness of the shell of the said iron
vessels or chambers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING AND SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John King at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1871.
I, JOHN KING, of Bredon's Norton, in the County of Worcester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING AND SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS,
AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of communicating tubes,
one on each side of the train, each carriage having its proportionate
length of tubing, which lengths are joined or connected by self-acting
means, each length of tubing being so constructed with projecting points
at each end that when the carriages are brought together the said points
shall run one into the other or otherwise unite of themselves. Or in
some cases I substitute a cord, wire, or chain running along each inner
side of the carriages, the lengths being joined or connected by similar
self-acting means.

page_text: The tubes are made of gutta percha, metal, or other suitable material,
but the joints or couplings, in order to meet any contingencies resulting
from curves, oscillations, or other causes are made of or arranged with
flexible material.
At the extreme end of these tubes which terminate in the guard's van,
I place a whistle or other contrivance acted upon by a blast or current
passing through the tubes. At the end of each carriage the tubes are
fitted with a funnel connected by a short neck or elbow which is fitted
with a stop valve or cock. By opening the same a current or blast is
admitted to the tube, and blows the whistle at the end of same in the
guard's van. By means of suitable well-known mechanical arrangement,
such as levers and rods, the said cocks or valves are placed within reach
of the passengers.
The guard then immediately communicates with the
driver through the other tube.
The tubes which are placed upon engine or tender are so formed or
fixed that the current of air which would naturally pass through them
while travelling fast is prevented from entering same, and this is effected
by bending the tubes back so as to form a bend or twist, or the same
object may be attained in some other simple manner, as circumstances
may dictate.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SOAP DISH OR HOLDER ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO TUBS OR PAILS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Schlesinger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th July 1871.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Dixon, of the City of New York, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM JAMES SCHLESINGER, of Union Court, Old Broad Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SOAP DISH OR HOLDER ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE
TO TUBS OR PAILS," a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Dixon,
of the City of New York, in the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved soap dish or holder,
more especially adapted for use while tubs or pails are employed for
cleaning or washing. I propose to construct a receptacle of iron or
enamelled metal or other material having a sloping internal base, the
receptacle being provided with three standards or holders, two on one
side of the dish and one on the other, so that the dish or holder may
be attached or adjusted to a tub or pail, merely by placing the legs
or standards on each side of the walls of the pail or tub, whereby

page_text: it will be held and supported while the process of washing and cleaning
is going on.
The object of the Invention is that the soap may be held in a position
ready for use, and that the water may be drained off through apertures
formed in the lower edge or surface of the dish.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL COMPOUNDS TO BE USED AS A PAINT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel James Hennis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1871.
I, SAMUEL JAMES HENNIS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL COMPOUNDS TO BE USED AS A PAINT, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists,-
Firstly, of a peculiar mixture consisting of native silicate varying from
60 to 90 per cent., and aluminia varying from 4 to 25 per cent. The
base of this substitute for white lead, together with vegetable and other
stainers, is mixed with dryers and raw linseed oil of which the proportions
are alterable.
This improved paint is innocuous and free from any obnoxious smell
and is applicable to all building purposes, to stone, wood, metals, glass,
fabrics, paper, and other substances, resists the most tropical heat and
intense frost, and is especially adapted for pigments generally.
Secondly, a mixture of native silicate aluminia of the above-named
per-centage mixed with glue, barytes, and resin, or boiled oil is formed,

page_text: the proportions of which are varied, and for the colouring matter
vegetable and other stainers, of which the proportions are varied to
produce the required tints, are used.
These mixtures are specially adapted for the preservation of damp
walls, calcareous stone, brick, stucco work, and other materials used for 5
building purposes and other surfaces, and are used as a cement coated
over with the first described mixture applied with a brush in the same
way as common oil paints.
The natural, fine, disintegrated aluminia deposits are found in Lake
Cwn Bychan in North Wales and elsewhere, and are well suited, and 1
perhaps the best for the above-named purposes.
These mixtures far surpass any others as they resist the most tropical
heats and intense frosts.
It is easy to fix on the proportions of these mixtures as everything
depends on the various tints or shades required, and the limit is deter- 1
mined only by the cohesiveness of the mass, some of the silicate alumina
taking up more oils and stainers than the others.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RULING PAPER IN A WAVE, DIAMOND, OR ANY OTHER IRREGULAR FORM
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Walkington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1871.
I, RICHARD WALKINGTON, of Leeds, in the County of Yorkshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR RULING PAPER IN A WAVE, DIAMOND, OR ANY OTHER IRREGULAR FORM," to
be as follows: —
This Invention consists of the following:-To an ordinary ruling
machine I gear a pinion into the wheel of the band roller which gives
the pinion motion, this pinion having a boss which has upon it a wheel
with a waved surface on its edge, this gives a vibrating motion to a
lever which causes a pen (or pens) to vibrate. The paper passing under
the pen or pens in the usual manner, and the pen or pens being caused
to vibrate, an irregular waved line or lines is produced on the paper.
To enable this Invention to be readily understood, reference is made
to the accompanying Drawings, the same letters of reference refer to
like parts of the same.

page_text: A, uprights of ruling machine; B, wheel on roller; O, a pinion which
is worked in B; D is the wave surface wheel connected with O; E is a
sliding spindle on wave surface wheel; F, crank lever connected to E;
and G, connecting rod; H, vibrating rod fixed on the said connecting
rod G; I is a rest bar fixed on the uprights A, A, to support the
vibrating rod H; J, moveable fork on H to give vibrating motion to the
penholder K to form wave line; L, pens on vibrating penholder; M, the
ordinary pen frame and holder; N, pen for the straight lines; and O,
spring to keep the sliding spindle on the wave wheel D.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1871.
I, JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Halifax, in the County of York, Silk
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving,
and relates to the application of means or apparatus to take hold of the
weft during the process of weaving, and thereby prevent all unnecessary
and unequal drag upon the selvages of the cloth or fabric being woven.
In weaving those classes of goods in which the weft is composed of
non-elastic materials, or nearly so, these improvements will be found to
possess great value, as all variation of drag in the weft on the bobbin
shows itself upon the selvages of the cloth.
The mode in which I propose to carry my Invention into effect is
somewhat as follows:-Across the loom in front of the lathe I place a
rod or shaft, which is free to work in bearings fixed to the breast beam
of the loom or to other convenient part thereof. Attached to this shaft

page_text: (one at each selvage of the cloth) I place hooks or bent needles or pins,
the shaft is caused at the proper time partially to revolve, and thereby to
cause the hooks, needles, or pins to descend and take hold of the weft,
and thereby take the pressure off the selvages of the cloth or fabric at
the moment when the shuttle is "picked" across. As the reed comes
forward to beat up the weft a reverse motion is given to the shaft, by
which the hooks, pins, or needles are withdrawn from the weft and clear
of the reed.
It is evident that the hooks, needles, or pins may be mounted and
operated in a different manner to that before described without depart-
ing from my Invention so long as they are caused to take hold of and
release the weft at the times and for the purpose described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cross at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1871.
I, WILLIAM CROSS, of Glasgow, North Britain, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of woven fabrics
relates to a novel mode of ornamenting fabrics by forming thereon
during the process of weaving a kind of loose fringe either at intervals
across the fabric or in a continuous line or lines from end to end of the
fabric.
Fringes and ornamental edgings have frequently been made to extend
from the selvages of fabrics of various kinds, but the fringe-like
appearance produced by my Invention is made on the face of the fabric
and not at the selvage.
When the fringe is to extend across the face it is produced by holding
up a portion of the warp threads while the weaving operation is

page_text: proceeding, so that such threads are not woven into the fabric at that
part, but float over. When a sufficient length of fringe has been made
the selected warp threads may be dropped and the weaving operation
proceeded with in the usual manner. When the piece of goods is
completed, one end of these floated threads is cut so as to detach
them from that part of the fabric, and they will then be pendent
and hang from their upper ends like a fringe sewn on to the fabric.
When the stripes are to extend longitudinally along the fabric in one
or more lines, it is made from the weft by dropping a certain portion
of the warp threads out of the weaving operation, so that the pattern
weft threads will float over this part of the fabric and will not be woven
in, the plain work or cloth being woven below. The ends of these
floated threads are cut as in the former instances so as to form the fringe,
which will thus run the length of the piece.
Iμ- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mac Kean at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
January 1871.
I, WILLIAM MAC KEAN, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of smoke in connection
with steam boiler and other furnaces by simple and efficient means
casily applicable to either existing or new furnaces. And it consists
in constructing a hollow or double bridge at the inner end of the
grate the hollow or internal cavity of which extends down to or
below the level of the ash-pit bottom. The inner bridge is built solid
from the bottom upwards, but the front bridge is formed with one
or more archways or openings below the level of the grate, and air
passes through the ash-pit under the grate and through the said arch-
ways into the interior of the bridge, whence' it finds its way upwards
between the bridges and into the fire gases passing over the bridges.

page_text: The tops of the bridges are built so closely together as to leave between
them only a narrow slit, which is by preference from one to two inches
broad so that the air issuing through the slit impinges on the current
of fire gases in a thin sheet. Or instead of the opening for the air to
issue by amongst the fire gases being in the form of a single slit there 5
may be a number of openings in the top of the: double bridge for that
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE TABLES FOR THE USE OF INVALIDS AND OTHERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Honourable James Terence
Fitzmaurice at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st June 1871.
I, The Honourable JAMES TERENCE FITZMAURICE, of Porthpean,
Charlestown, in the County of Cornwall, Commander in Her Majesty's
Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE TABLES FOR THE USE OF INVALIDS AND OTHERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in adjustable tables.
for the use of invalids and others, and is more especially designed to
meet the requirements of persons confined to their beds. For these
purposes the table top is connected at its end by a standard or support,
made adjustable preferably by means of an arrangement of rack and
pawl or catch to a suitable base extending outwards from the standard
or support to the same or about the same extent as the top of the
table in order to ensure steadiness, so that when in use the base of the
table may be placed under the bedstead, and the table top will then
be situated above the bedstead immediately over the position occupied
by the base. In order to prevent any articles placed on the table from

page_text: slipping or being knocked off an adjustable rim is provided which can
be turned to either side of the table, so that it may always when in
use be readily turned to the side farthest removed from the invalid or
other person using the table, which is also formed or provided with
sockets to receive and safely hold any candlesticks or similar articles
that may be required.
The use of my Invention will conduce very greatly to the comfort
and convenience of invalids, and will enable their requirements to be
met with less attention and trouble on the parts of others than has
heretofore been usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STILLAGES FOR BALING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Walker and Lawrence
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th March 1871.
We, DAVID WALKER and LAWRENCE ROBINSON, both of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STILLAGES
FOR BALING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to make the stillage with an even
surface when pressing the bale, and when the bale is pressed to form the
spaces or gaps for the hoops or ropes to secure the bale by causing
sections of the surface of the stillage to withdraw from the bale to
allow the hoop or rope to pass round, and our Invention consists in an
improved arrangement of mechanism for accomplishing this object,
namely, a bar is used extending across the stillage where there is to be
a gap or space, each bar being of oblong form in cross section and with
the opposite corners rounded off so that the bar can be easily turned on
its axis under the pressure of the bale. Each bar comes between what
may be termed the base of the stillage and a moveable face, and this

page_text: face is suspended on the bar so that when the bar is turned the face will
be lifted up, the lifting action being effected by two cams one on each
end of the bar, the bars being held in suitable slotted bearings attached
to the base of the stillage. The face section for each bar may be lifted
by weights or springs when the bar is turned instead of cams if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING BEDSTEADS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1871.-A communication from abroad by Jean Adam
Machenaud de Laterrière, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris,
France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING BEDSTEADS," communicated
to me from abroad by Jean Adam Machenaud de Laterrière, of 17,
Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This improved bedstead is especially applicable for camp or field pur--
poses. The bedstead consists of a box, chest, or case to which is hinged
a folding cover, lid, or framework, consisting of three frames or parts
hinged or connected together. When this cover or framework is
unfolded and extended, one frame or cover opens back to form the head
of the bed, another or central portion lies over or across the hollow
interior or area of the box or chest, and the third extends to form the
foot of the bed. Legs or props are also hinged or jointed to the folding

page_text: framework in order to support the head and foot. When the frame-
work is unfolded or extended, and the legs or props are put into use, a
surface is formed to receive a mattress and pillow, or like articles for
lying or reclining upon; laths or transverso pieces may be placed in the
folding frame to give clasticity. When the article is not required to be
used as a bed the folding frame is folded (together with the legs or props)
and the cover shut down on the box, in the interior of which the mattress
or other bedding and the bed clothes are stowed away.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED RIPPING INSTRU- MENT AND WRENCH CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH A SEWING MACHINE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1871. -A communication from abroad by Justus
Osman Woods, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
-
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED RIPPING INSTRU-
MENT AND WRENCH CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH A SEWING
MACHINE," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention is chiefly designed for ripping seams sewn in cloth.
The said Invention consists in a small flat instrument of steel, or
other suitable material, with a wide notch in one end, in which an oblique
knife-edged cutter, and a clearance for the shreds are formed at the
bottom of the said notch, while the prongs or projections at the sides of
the notch form guides for keeping the seam to be ripped on the said
knife edge, each guide being different from the other, and adapted for
a seam differing in some respects from what the other is adapted to.
The handle or stock of the instrument is provided with a notch, adapted

page_text: for use as a wrench, also a hook and a niche, whereby the said instru-
ment is adapted for several uses in connection with sewing machines.
The main object of the said Invention is to provide a simple and
efficient instrument which will act by a shear cut instead of the direct
jam cut common to other ripping tools, in which the cutting edge is
presented perpendicularly or nearly so to the seam; also to adjust the
seam or cause it to assume the proper relation with the. cutter as it
is brought to the cutting edge. One of the prongs constitutes a
guide, being oval, or nearly round in cross section, longer than the other
prong, and forming a projection beyond the point of the blade, in a
right line before it. The other prong is a guard projecting from the
heel of the blade in front of the cutting edge, and is wider and flatter
than the first prong. An eye or enlargement is formed at the junction
of the knife blade with the guard prong. The cutter is set obliquely to
the line in which it is to be moved and so bevelled that in passing
between the parallel surfaces of cloth it will touch neither of them.
The guide extends in a right line before the cutter, to enter between
the end pieces of cloth to be ripped apart, and thus straighten the
seam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING MACHINERY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Thornton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1871.
I, JOSHUA THORNTON, of the Firm of Thornton Brothers, of Cleck-
heaton, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING MACHINERY,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the card cylinders and rollers of carding
engines, and consists in the employment of a composition of chalk or
clay and oil in combination or mixed with shoddy or waste fibrous
substances or hair to form the shell or cylindrical surface thereof in
their construction.
The method of construction is as follows:-A series of rings or bosses
are fixed on a shaft in manner similar to when wood bags are to be
employed to form the cylindrical surface, and which I cover with sheet
iron secured thereto, and at each end is a flange the same diameter or
nearly so as what the cylinder or roller is intended to be made, and
the sheet iron is then covered with old card filleting or other card
clothing secured thereto by any suitable means. The chalk or clay,

page_text: oil, and shoddy are then mixed and worked up into a pulpy compound
in a similar manner as in the preparation of mortar with hair for
plastering buildings, and the said compound is then laid upon the cards
to the required thickness and the surface made true by "loam board "
or other suitable means. When the compound or composition is dry the
proper card clothing can be nailed thereon in the usual manner as upon
cylinders or rollers whose surfaces are constructed with wood lags or
of iron with wood plugs as are now employed.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE UPDRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS TO PREVENT THEM SMOKING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Poupard and James
Thomson at the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th June 1871.
We, WILLIAM POUPARD, of No. 7, Blackfriars Road, and JAMES
THOMSON, of Old Kent Road, both in the County of Surry, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND
APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE UPDRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS TO PREVENT THEM
SMOKING," to be as follows:
-
This Invention relates to improved means of and apparatus for
causing a current of air to issue from the back part of the front plate
of a stove or grate downwards and in front of the fuel, thus forming
a sheet or curtain of air which causes the smoke to be drawn up the
chimney, thus effectually preventing any smoke from issuing from the
front of the grate. The apparatus may be cast or otherwise formed
with the stove, or it may be separate therefrom. We arrange one or
more uptakes at the sides of the grate and behind the front plate, these
lead from apertures in the side or back walls of a house, or to the

page_text: chamber between the floor and the foundation, or between the floor and
the ceiling if the stove is above the ground. The upper ends of these
uptakes are connected by a cross or transverse box, provided with a slit
or slits at the bottom of it, the slit or slits being behind the top portion
of the front plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS, COCKS, OR VALVES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Nickols at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1871.
I, DANIEL NICKOLS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS, COCKS, OR VALVES," to be as follows :—
My Invention is more particularly applicable to that class of service
water taps having leather facings requiring to be occasionally renewed
(though it may be used with other taps), and my object is to so
construct the tap that this renewal of the leather facing may be
effected without it being necessary to use a special stop tap in addition
to the supply tap, or should such tap be dispensed with my object is to
prevent the waste of water and the mess arising from the spurting of
the water in all directions even to the ceiling of the room in which the
tap is used, and my Invention consists in combining a supply tap with
a stop valve, so that when the service tap is temporarily removed for
repairs the valve will close the passage and prevent the escape of water;
this stop valve being pushed away from its seating when the supply or
service tap or plug is is in its proper place.

page_text: I prefer to form the combined supply and stop tap by facing both
sides of the partition upon which the ordinary seating is formed, and to
use a ball of gutta percha or other suitable material which will float.
This ball will rise against the under seating when the service or supply
tap or plug is fully withdrawn, but it will be pushed away to keep the
passage open when the service or supply tap is in its place. The ball
may be inserted through the water passage, or by providing a screw
cap at the lower side of the tap, or by arranging the double seating to
screw into the body part of the tap, the ball being first placed before the
scating is screwed in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ASPHALTE PAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th Sep-
tember 1871.
I, ROBERT JOHNSON, of No. 6, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ASPHALTE PAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to construct the surface of asphalte
paving as to give better foothold for horses, and also to some extent to
improve the drainage of roads or ways so paved. For this purpose, after
the asphalte has been laid down upon a suitable foundation in the
ordinary manner and before the asphalte has become hard, I cut or
impress channels upon its surface, the channels being at such a distance
apart as to give the requisite foothold whilst at the same time they are
of a width insufficient to cause any jolting motion in vehicles passing
over the pavement. The channels formed in the surface of the asphalte
paving might be made transversely of the road or way, or they might be

page_text: formed in two or more directions upon the surface of the asphalte paving,
either to form a pattern or otherwise. Corrugations might also be formed
in the surface of asphalte paving with a like object. If it be found
necessary hair, wool, or vegetable fibre may be added to the asphalte in
order to toughen it and render it more cohesive and less liable to chip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OILS, TALLOW, SOAP, AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John More Douglas, of No. 166, Fenchurch
Street, in the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OILS, TALLOW, SOAP, AND OTHER
SIMILAR PRODUCTS.”
Sealed the 1st August 1871, and dated the 25th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John More Douglas
"
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th February 1871,
I, JOHN MORE DOUGLAS, of No. 166, Fenchurch Strect, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OILS, TALLOW, SOAP, AND OTHER
SIMILAR PRODUCTS," to be as follows:—
My Invention consists in the application of the system known as the
"hot blast," and used in the smelting of iron, to the boiling and
clarifying linseed and other vegetable oils, melting tallow, boiling soap,
and other similar products.

page_text: I force the air by means of fans, blowers, or air pumps best adapted
for the purpose into a coil or other form of iron piping placed in a
furnace or into flues of fire-clay after the manner ordinarily used in iron
smelting, during its passage through which the air becomes sufficiently
heated, and the other end of the same piping or fluc being introduced {
with a perforated end into the vat, still, or other vessel employed, the
heated air regulated to the degree required is forced into and through
the material contained in the interior of the vat, still, or vessel instead
of being operated upon externally according to the existing methods.
I do not claim as part of my Invention the apparatus to be used in 1
the above-mentioned operation.
By this process I accomplish with better effect the usually distinct
treatments of boiling, clarifying, and expulsion of aqueous particles in
one and the same operation, and produce a considerable improvement
in the colour and clearness of vegetable oils over the methods hitherto ]
in usc.
I claim also the application of this process to the separating, distilling,
boiling, and clarifying petroleum or rock oils, and to the distillation of
oil from coal, shale, and other bituminous substances by means of which
I effect a material saving of wear and tear of the stills or boilers used:
in the operations, and can also more effectually expel the aqueous
particles.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE GLANDS AND PACKING FOR THE PISTON RODS OF PUMPS, AND STEAM, AIR, OR OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Graddon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1871.
"
I, JAMES GRADDON, of South Moulton, in the County of Devon,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE GLANDS AND PACKING FOR THE PISTON RODS OF PUMPS, AND
STEAM, AIR, OR OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to render the packing and glands for
the piston rods of pumps, and steam, air, or other engines more perfectly
steam and water tight than heretofore, without creating an amount of
friction which would interfere with the proper working of these parts.
Although the principle upon which my improved packing and glands
are constructed is the same in all cases, the particular mode of adapting
the same to the various engines to which it is applicable, will vary
according to the circumstances of the case.
In adapting my Invention to pumps for pumping water or liquids I
prefer to form the packing of a sheet of leather of suitable substance,
the edges of which are held securely between the flanges of the gland,
and the piston rod passes through a hole made in the central part of the

page_text: sheet of leather. The edges of this hole are curved downwards, so as to
form a collar or sleeve round the piston rod and leave a space or cup
beneath the leather into which the water may enter, and by pressing
against the collar or sleeve will keep it in contact with the rod, and thus
render the packing, water-tight. This may be still further facilitated by
the adaptation to the collar of a metallic, india-rubber, or other spring,
which will prevent the leather from working loose as the rod moves up
and down.
For steam or hot air engines leather would be inapplicable, as it
would be liable to be destroyed by the heat. Vulcanized rubber may
however be employed for such purposes, or cork protected by a thin
sheet of metal may be employed. The metal if sufficiently ductile can
be easily brought into the required shape, and by means of springs, as in
the case of the water pumps, will be made to embrace the rod as tightly
as leather, and thus form a steam-tight or gas-tight packing.
"
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING WASTE IN 'LAPPING' ON FRONT ROLLERS IN COMBING MACHINES, GILL BOXES, PREPARING BOXES, OR ANY OTHER MACHINE USED IN PREPARING WOOL, MOHAIR, ALPACA COTTON, & SILK
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Tetley and William
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th June 1871.
We, SAMUEL TETLEY, of Eastburn, near Keighley, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM SMITH, of the same Place, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING WASTE IN 'LAPPING' ON FRONT ROLLERS IN
COMBING MACHINES, GILL BOXES, PREPARING BOXES, OR ANY OTHER MACHINE USED
IN PREPARING WOOL, MOHAIR, ALPACA, COTTON, & SILK," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means or apparatus applicable to such
machinery for stopping the action thereof when slivers of wool or other
fibre instead of passing clear between the front rollers, or the rollers
employed for drawing forward the slivers, "lap" upon one or other
of them and thereby produce waste; and the said means consist in
applying to the top or pressing roller a lever or pair of levers connected
together and hinged in such manner that when either or both ends
of the top roller are lifted above their usual position by increase of

page_text: thickness of the fibrous substance passing between them the said lever
or levers will operate to liberate a spring catch, which will act on the
ordinary strap guide and thereby throw the driving strap on to the loose
pulley, and so stop the action or motion of the machine.