IM- PROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS
PATENT to George Spencer, of 12, Manor Road,
Walworth, in the County of Surry, for the Invention of "Im-
"
Scaled the 16th November 1858, and dated the 22nd July 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Spencer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd July 1858.
T, GEORGE SPENCER, of 12, Manor Road, Walworth, in the County
of Surry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of employing india-rubber, in conical forms.
in combination with short cylinders of metal, one such cylinder being
fixed at the largest diameters where two cones meet, in place of having
one cylinder with several concs of india-rubber within, as was described
in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Spencer in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 21st January 1854.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Spencer, Ier special licence
that I, the said George Spencer, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Spencer, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1.
the said George Spencer, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Spencer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My Invention consists of certain improved modes of employing india-
rubber in the construction of springs for carriages, which springs are
applicable for use in every description of railroad carriage, as well as
in carriages used on common roads.
In the annexed two Drawings are shown various applications of my
improved spring for the buffer bearing and draw springs of railroad and
common road carriages. Figure 1, is a plan of a part of the under
frame of a railway passenger carriage. A, is the timber of under frame;
B, is one of the usual buffer rods; b, is a part of the buffer rod made
of a smaller diameter to act as what I term the guide rod, on which a
series of india-rubber rings C, of a double conical shape, are placed; to
the largest diameter of each of these double cones, or more properly
speaking, where the two cones mect, I place a metal ring or short.

page_text: cylinder D, which is held in its place by three or more small pins
running through the ring D, into the substance of the india-rubber
cone C, as shewn in Figure 5; or, to effect the same object, I make a
groove in the india-rubber cones all round the largest diameter of each
double cone. I make the ring D, of such a shape that the metal shall
project into the groove of the india-rubber cone, and so be held in its
place. The form of the double cone C, and confining ring D, are shewn
clearly in Figure 1, and that of the arrangement for securing the
ring and cone by pins in Figures 5, 6, and 7. I make the india-rubber
cones of the vulcanized india-rubber made by Charles Macintosh and
Compatiy, of London. The confining rings D, I make of malleable
cast iron or other suitable strong metal. E, is what I call the sliding
washer; it is made of cast iron or other metal. F, is a fixed washer
resting against the framing; the action is obvious: when the buffer
rod B, is driven up in the direction of the arrow the sliding washer E.
compresses the series of rings C, against the fixed washer F; the
tendency of the cones to swell out at their greatest diameter is restrained
by the cylinders D, and the cup-like spaces in these rings D, then
become filled in proportion as the india-rubber is compressed; the
pressure being taken off the india-rubber cone instantly resumes its
original shape; the power of the spring depends on the size of the cone
and the density of the india-rubber. Figure 2, shews the end of one of
the cones C, with its ring D. Figure 3, is a plan of a part of a truck
frame for a shorter stroke, it is the same in principle as No. 1, but the
support is by an iron bracket G. The letters refer to similar parts as
in Figure 1. Figure 4, is an end view of the cones and cylinders in
Figure 8. Figures 5, 6, and 7, shew sections and end views of a
double action draw spring. C, is the elastic cone; D, the confining
ing; () draw rod. Figures 8, and 9, section and end view of a
single action draw spring, cones, and ring, marked as before. Figures
10, and 11, shew a plan for a bearing spring. A, is a part of under
frame of carriage, into which a strong wrought iron spindle b', is fixed.
H, is an iron or metal piston fixed to axle box J, in which the
spindle 6, plays as the spring is acted on by the weight. C, are the
elastic cones, as before. D, is the confining ring. K, is a plate of iron

page_text: fixed to frame, and serving as a guidé to the spindle 6'. L. is axle
guard.
In outside buffers I enclose the same kind of cones and confining
rings in iron or wood cylinders, forming the buffer blocks, which are
secured to the framing as in common.
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, and 29, exhibit various modes of applying these springs to
Similar letters are used to
common road carriages of different kinds.
denote similar parts in all these Figures.
A', is a part of the framing
of the carriage or waggon. K; is the axle. C, are the cones of vul-
canized india-rubber. D', are the confining rings of metal, as before
described. ', are the guide rods fixed into or working into the framing
of carriage. Various modes of supporting the axle from the framing
are shewn, but I do not make any claim for these modes of support.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I
make no clain to the several framings or apparatus, or parts shewn and
described, nor do I confine myself to the precise details, nor do I clain
the use of vulcanized india-rubber generally as springs for carriages.
But what I claim is, the employment of india-rubber, in conical forms,
in combination with short cylinders of metal, one such cylinder being
fixed at the largest diameter of each conical india-rubber spring, as
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Spencer, have hereunto
set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thonsand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness:
S. CARPMAEL.
GEORGE SPENCER. (L.S.)