IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING OR COOLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES WITH HOT OR COLD AIR, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Isherwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1871.
I, WILLIAM ISHERWOOD, of No. 15, Northumberland Street, Strand,
London, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING OR COOLING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES WITH HOT OR COLD AIR, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying and conveying hot or cold air into
railway carriages by means of pipes or tubes running the whole length
of the train or any portion thereof. I apply one or more pipes or tubes
in front, rear, or sides of the engine fitted with a bell mouth or mouths
and carried into the smoke box or the fire of the engine in a circular
coil or any other shape so as to get the desired heating surface, thence
to be carried the whole length of the train or any portion thereof. I
propose to connect the engine and carriages together by means of
ferrules or sockets to slide in or out so as to allow the train to expand
or contract as the case may be, or with india-rubber or other flexible

page_text: air-tight pipes or tubes fitted with universal joints to each respective
engine, carriage, or other vehicle. I propose to have one or more pipes
or tubes carried into each carriage, forming a junction with the main
pipes or tubes to the desired position, and fitted with taps or cocks so
that the hot or cold air can be turned on or off at the discretion of
the passengers, so as to obtain the desired température, also a hot air
pipe or pipes running along the floor of the carriage where the passengers
generally put their feet and let in the floor level so as not to be in
the way of the passengers. The speed of the engine or train will force
in the air at the bell mouth or mouths through the engine smoke box or
fire if required where the pipes are heated, through which the air passes
and becomes heated, and thence enters into the carriages.
I also apply a fan placed in the guard's van or any other suitable
place and worked from a drum or rigger fixed on the axle of the engine,
guard's van, or break, or any other vehicle attached to the train for the
purpose of forcing the air; and have a heating apparatus or stove
placed in the guard's break or any other vehicle fitted with coils of the
desired shape and connected to the pipes or tubes going the whole length
of the train or any portion thereof. I also apply an extra pipe or tube
running the length of the engine and tender, and connected to the bell
mouth or mouths, but not passing through the smoke box or fire, then
connected to the cold air pipe or tube running the length of the train
so as to admit cool air in warm weather without necessitating the
opening of the carriage windows, and thereby preventing the dust in
a great measure from entering the carriages.
Each pipe or tube fitted with a bell mouth or mouths as described
form a junction or junctions with the main pipes or tubes at or near
the entrance leading to the coil or main hot air pipes or tubes or
any of them, forms a junction or junctions with the cold air pipes or
tubes without passing through the coil or hot air pipes or tubes, to be
regulated by means of taps or cocks, to be turned on or off so as to open a
passage for the air leading either to the hot or cold main air pipes or
tubes as the case may require. I also introduce one or more pipes or
tubes running the whole length of the train, or any portion thereof, so
as to get the desired heat into the carriages. I cause the bell mouth
or mouths to reverse or turn round on a swivel or pivot so as not to
necessitate the turning round of the engine so as to face in the direction
that the engine is travelling, the bell mouth or mouths to be held in

page_text: position by means of a catch or catches dropping into a notch or notches,
and the catch or catches to be held in their respective notch or notches
by means of a spring or springs attached to their respective catch or
catches.
By my Invention it will therefore be seen that the air, either hot or
cold, forming a junction or junctions, can be excluded or shut off
altogether from all the carriages in the train if required, by means of
shutting off their respective taps either in the carriages themselves or
at the junction or junctions at or near the bell mouth or mouths. It
will also be seen that both hot and cold air can be carried forward
through the whole length of the train or any portion thereof at the
same time by having separate pipes or tubes, so that either hot or
cold air can be admitted into any or all of the carriages in the train at
the discretion of the passengers by opening cither the hot or cold air
tap placed in their respective carriages.