IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR CARRYING AND POURING OUT SUBSTANCES OR LIQUIDS, & MAY BE APPLIED TO Making or RepaJDING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George White, of the Endowed School, Wilden, in the
County of Bedford, Schoolmaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR CARRYING AND POURING
OUT SUBSTANCES OR LIQUIDS, & MAY BE APPLIED TO Making or RepaJDING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1881.
GEORGE WHITE, of the Endowed School, Wilden, in the County of Bedford,
Schoolmaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE USED
FOR CARRYING AND POURING OUT SUBSTANCES OR LIQUIDS, & MAY BE
APPLIED TO MAKING OR REPAIRING ROADS, PATHS, OR WAYS, AND TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
To provide a wheelbarrow preferably of the shape of the longitudinal section of
a horn; and with the narrow part placed near the side of the wheel to form the
spout, and the wider part towards the handles. I adopt this shape that the work-
man may see to pour into the right place.
The next part of my Invention is the wheel of the barrow aforesaid, the periphery
of which is to resemble the frustum of an ellipsis, with its larger diaincter in a line
with the centre of the barrow, and its smaller diameter towards the spout. When
the barrow is in its normal condition the wheel will roll on its larger diameter, but
when tipped several degrees on one side it will roll on its smaller diameter; by this
means, even at a considerable angle, there will be but little tendency to turn over
and not much strain on the workman's arms, as the centre of gravity will still be
over the wheel. The side of the sinaller diameter of the periphery I prefer to have
serrated, so that when tilted far over, the notches may give a jerking motion to
liberate the matter pouring out. The periphery need not always be solid, but may
[Price 4d.1

page_text: be formed of concentric rings varying in diameter. I provide movable pieces to
regulate the discharge, and by suspending a kind of brush near the spout the falling
material could be levelled. The workman may be provided with a strap to pass
over his shoulders, with loops or such like contrivances to attach to the handles
for varying the angle and to relieve his hands. The barrow may also be drawn by
animal power.
The body of the barrow may be made to hold liquids, and when required for
conveying and pouring out asphalte, hot metal, or like material, the frame may bo
adapted for holding ladles, pots, or other vessels, from which, by the help of this
wheel, such matter could be steadily and safely poured, but in this case the
periphory should be smooth, that is to say, not in separate rings, and not serrated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Lettors Patent filed
by the said George White in the Great Seal Patent Office on tho
15th March 1882.
GEORGE WHITE, of the Endowed School, Wilden, in the County of Bedford,
Schoolmaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE USED
FOR CARRYING AND POURING OUT SUBSTANCES AND LIQUIDS, AND MAY BE
APPLIED TO MAKING OR REPAIRING ROADS, PATIS, OR WAYS, AND TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
According to the first part of my Invention I provide a wheelbarrow, the body
of which I prefer to make somewhat like the longitudinal section of a horn, with
the narrow part placed near the side of the wheel to form the spout, and the wider
part toward the handles. I adopt this shape that the workman may see to pour
into the right place. It may be made to pour on each side of the wheel, but I
prefer to pour only on one side. I sometimes provide a branch to the horn on the
side opposite to the spout, but without any outlet, so that in stopping the discharge
it may receive a portion of material that was in the spout. I prefer also that the
part near the wheel may be covered, so that in the act of stopping the gravel or
such other material may not be scattered about. I also make the spout to expand
towards the opening to prevent the formation of cones.
The next part of my Invention is the wheel of the barrow aforesaid, tho periphery
of which represents the frustum of an ellipsis, with its larger diameter in a lino
with the centre of tho barrow, and its smaller diameters towards the sides. When
the barrow is in its normal condition the wheel will roll on its larger diameter, but
when tipped several degrees on one side it will roll on its smaller diameter; by this
means, even at a considerable angle, there is but little tendency to turn over
and not much strain on the workman's arms, as the centre of gravity is still over
the wheel.
The side of the periphery of the wheel towards the spout I sometimes havo
serrated, so that when tipped far over, the notches may give a jerking motion to
liberate the matter being poured out. I do not always make the periphery of the
wheel solid, but sometimes form the wheel of several concentric rings varying in
diameter. I provide moveablo pieces to attach to the spout to regulate the
discharge so as to pour in a stream or spread the material as may be required,
particularly when used for fine gravel or sand, as in garden paths. I sometimes
provide the workman with a strap to pass over his shoulders, with loops or such
like contrivances to attach to the handles for varying the angle of the barrow
and to relieve his hands. The legs of the barrow may rest on wide castors,
particularly when drawn by animal power. I sometimes suspend a kind of brush
behind the spout to spread or equalize the falling material. From the foregoing
description it will be seen that by lifting one side of the barrow the material ia
poured out, and by lifting the other side the action of pouring out is stopped.
The pouring out action is therefore under the control of the workman.
When required for conveying and pouring out liquids I adapt the body of the
barrow to hold such liquids whether hot or cold, or I adapt the frame of the
barrow to carry separate pots or ladles containing such liquids, such as watering
pots for gardens, or for asphalte. In the latter case the material may be heated
on the barrow itself to save time and labour. When the barrow is required to
be used for conveying and pouring out fused metal I provide a curved foot on
one or both sides of the barrow, so that in pouring when the centre of gravity gets
beyond the edge of the wheel, the curved foot arrests it and takes the weight, and
so enables the workman to empty the ladle and also to bring the barrow again to

page_text: its normal condition. When required for very large ladles I adopt the hand-truck
form of handle, so that several may assist in the work. When the barrow is
required for a continuous stream, such as pouring the pitchy matter in caulking
ships' decks, I provide a small truck to be guided by a flanged roller or rollers to
run in a crevice or crevices between the planks; on this truck is a kind of funnel
for pouring the hot material into the crevice; this funnel is to be supplied as
required from a kind of barrow, as before described. Both the barrow and the
funnel I sometimes keep heated by a vessel of hot water to be from time to time
renewed.
In the case of pouring out liquids I prefer to have the periphery of the wheel
smooth, that is to say, not in separate rings, and not serrated. The barrow and
wheel may be made of wood, or iron, or other suitable material, but for pouring
out solids 1 sometimes line the apparatus with some glassy material.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the improvements in the means
of and in the apparatus for carrying and pouring out solid substances and liquids,
whether for repairing roads, paths, or ways, or for any other purpose to which the
Invention is applicable, substantially as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George White, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.