matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND GASES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Jaynor and Maximilian
Low at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th May 1872.
We, ALBERT JAYNOR, of Olapham Road, in the County of Surrey,
and MAXIMILIAN Low, of Lee, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND GASES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of boilers and furnaces for generating steam, and for
more effectually consuming smoke and gases. For this purpose in
constructing boilers in accordance with our improvements we enlarge
or extend the area of the fire chambers or furnaces by making them
about one-third larger than the furnaces of steam boilers as ordinarily
constructed. A bridge or dome is placed about midway between the
ends of the tubes and the furnace door, so as to divide the furnace
into two chambers or compartments communicating with each other
by a space over the fire-bridge or dome. The front compartment next
the fire-door (which is of the ordinary size) constitutes the furnace in
which the fuel is consumed, whilst the compartment behind the bridge

page_text: constitutes the smoke and gas consuming chamber before the products
of combustion enter and pass through the series of tubes which are
short compared with ordinary boiler tubes. The fire-bridge or dome
forms a water space in connection with the main body of the boiler.
By this method of arranging the furnace the tube chamber is reduced
to about half the usual length, thus greatly reducing the cost of con-
structing boilers of this character, particularly when the tubes are made
of copper.
Another part of our improvements relates to the method of admitting
air to the furnace through a hollow door, which is arranged with a
rotary damper fitted with wire gauze or perforated metal in the front
of the furnace door through which the air passes into a space between
the front and back of the fire-door. The back of the fire-door is
arranged with horizontal divisions of wire gauze or perforated metal
for admitting, the air into the furnace in strata by preference of three
different depths. The first or lower division of wire gauze is deeper
than the next above, which latter is deeper than the upper division, the
several divisions being reduced in the ratio of about one third.
By admitting the air into the furnace in this manner more complete
combustion is effected; the topmost strata of air by entering in a thin
film supplics sufficient oxigen for igniting and consuming the light
smoke and gases passing up and over the fire-bridge. This ignition
by rarefying the gases produces at the same time a high degree of
temperature, thus filling the combustion chamber behind the fire-bridge
or dome which, being of so much greater area than the tube chamber,
completely consumes the gaseous products before they can pass out
through the tubes.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SCREWING BOOT AND SHOE SOLES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gaudens Cazes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1872.
I, GAUDENS CAZES, of Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
SCREWING BOOT AND SHOE SOLES AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
•
-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery for attach-
ing boot and shoe soles to their uppers, for securing the joints of leather
hose pipe, and for joining up parts of harness by means of screw pins
made and applied at one and the same operation. The wire that is to
form the screw pins is coiled within a cylindrical box which is provided
with vertical trunnions, which turn in bearings in a segment shaped
bracket. This box is fitted with a bobbin, to which rotary motion is
given by means of a winch handle for the purpose of winding the wire
into the box; one end of the wire being secured to the bobbin, and rotary
motion being communicated thereto it will take up any desired length
of wire. The bobbin is now to bo turned in the opposite direction to
slacken off the wire from the bobbin and deliver it into the box.

page_text: The free end of the wire is now led down through a conical trunnion
to a fixed screw tap which cuts the thread on the wire preparatory to its
entering the boot sole, and being cut off in lengths. This hollow trun
nion carries a pinion, which is driven by a face wheel keyed to a
horizontal axle which receives rotary motion from the winch handle.
Below the screw taps is a pair of cutters, which are jointed to the opposite
ends of a short rock lever; as this lever is rocked the cutters will be
caused to advance and shear off a length of screwed wire. This action
takes place after the wire has been inserted into the leather or other
material intended to be attached or joined up by means of screw pins.
When applying the Invention to the attachment of soles to boots the
boot is placed upon a bracket support carried by a vertical sliding rod.
By means of a treadle arrangement the work is pressed upwards to
enable it to receive the screw pins, and rotary motion being at the same
time given to the wire by means of the gearing before-mentioned, it will,
having first passed through the threader, enter and screw into the sole.
The same treadle motion, when a sufficient length of wire has entered
the sole, will now operate the rock lever, and advance the cutters, and
shear off a screw pin.
The boot is next to be shifted into position for receiving a second pin,
and so on, until the whole margin of the sole has been passed under the
screwed wire. To ensure the insertion of the pins at a proper distance
from the edge of the leather an adjustable gauge piece is provided,
against which the edge of the boot is to be held during the screwing
operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Howson and John
James Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th January 1872.
We, RICHARD Howson, of Middlesbrough-on-Tees, in the County of
York, Engineer, and JOHN JAMES THOMAS, of the same Place, Iron
Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows
:-
It relates to what are known as revolving furnaces. When a furnace
of this kind rotates on trunnions between the ends of two flues which
are fixed it is a very difficult matter to keep the joints tight so as to
prevent the air from rushing in. This is especially an evil with the joint
which is nearest to the fire-grate, because the entering current of air
passes through the working chamber, thereby cooling it and wasting
the iron.
Our Invention consists in overcoming this difficulty as follows:-We
construct the trunnion end with a broad flange working against the fixed
face of the flue, and this face we make to consist of two concentric rings
containing an annular space between them, the flange overlapping both

page_text: rings. The annular space thus formed we place in communication by
means of a separate flue either with the chimney, or with the fire-grate,
or with any part of the furnace where there is a draught. The partial
vacuum thus caused by drawing the air away from the annular space
tends to equalize the pressure of air therein with the pressure of that
which is inside the working chamber. The in-rushing current is thus
caused to pass away directly by the flue communicating with the
annular space, while little or none of it enters the working chamber.
A NEW AND IMPROVED STENCH TRAP AND DRAIN VENTILATOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Molesworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1872.
I, JOHN MOLESWORTH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
AND IMPROVED STENCH TRAP AND DRAIN VENTILATOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a stench trap composed of terra cotta, burnt
clay or metal so constructed as to admit air (and also if required waste
water or other liquids), so as to allow the air to pass into the upper part
of the said stench trap, and thence into the drain above the said stench
trap for the purpose of ventilating the said stench trap and drain. My
said Invention is an alteration or adaptation for the purposes of ven-
tilation of the ordinary closet or syphon stench trap.

page_text: A is the opening at the upper part of the trap for the purpose of
admitting air as well as waste water or other fluid. B is the, drain
above the trap which is proposed to be ventilated. C is the drain below
the trap communicating with the sewer or cesspool, and which is to be
trapped as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC ACID
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1872.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONIC ACID," to be as follows, that is to say :-
These improvements consist in heating magnesian limestone, otherwise
known as dolomite, in retorts heated to redness, and in passing a current
of steam through or over the same.
In carrying the Invention into practice the magnesian limestone or
dolomite is placed in the retort, and the steam or water to produce the
steam is admitted to the retort by one or more pipes, the result of which
treatment is, that the carbonic acid is expelled from the magnesian lime-
stone or dolomite, and it may be collected in receivers for use, or
directly applied from the retorts for manufacturing purposes.
Carbonic acid may also be obtained by heating magnesian limestone
or dolomite, in the manner hercin-described, without the use of steam.
A SELF-ACTING DISINFECTANT OR PERFUMING APPARATUS FOR THE HANDLES OF WALKING STICKS, WHIPS, UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES GENERALLY USED OR CARRIED IN THE HANDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Alfred Doudney and
Henry Ogden Adams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th January 1872.
We, DAVID ALFRED DOUDNEY, of Bedminster, in the County of
Somerset, Clerk in Holy Orders, and HENRY OGDEN ADAMS, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "A SELF-ACTING DISINFECTANT OR
PERFUMING APPARATUS FOR THE HANDLES OF WALKING STICKS, WHIPS,
UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES GENERALLY USED OR CARRIED
IN THE HANDS,” to be as follows (that is to say)
Our Invention consists in making or fitting a hollow receptacle for
holding camphor or other disinfectant or perfume, and the adapting of
such receptacle to the handles or mounts of walking sticks, riding
whips, umbrellas, parasols, or other personal appendages adapted
for the hand, such mounts being fitted or arranged according to
the design or shape with ready means for opening or closing such
receptacle, so that the disinfectant or perfume may be retained or
allowed to escape at pleasure; but for example we will describe our
Invention as arranged for the handle or mount of a walking stick,

page_text: particularly suitable for medical men and persons having occasion to
be brought in contact with invalids afflicted with contagious diseases;
such mount or handle piece may be round, angular, plain, or ornamental,
with a hollow cavity within sufficient for holding the disinfectant or
perfume; such disinfectant or perfume being heated by being held in
the hand becomes more volatile, and escapes freely through the
apertures which may be readily opened for that purpose, and from
use will disinfect the hand or be taken up by the material of the glove
covering the hand, and if held near the nostrils of the user in a sick
room will prove a thorough handy and agreeable disinfectant when
required, without appearing to be a provision or caution against con-
tagion or offending the susceptibility of the invalid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA AND PARASOL SLIDES OR RUNNERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Powis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1872.
I, CHARLES POWIS, of the Firm of Charles Powis & Co., of Cyclops
Works, Millwall, Poplar, & of 60, Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA AND PARASOL SLIDES OR RUNNERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of 2 telescopic slides, one working within the
other. The inner one is attached to the frames of the umbrella in the
usual way, and is provided with 2 vertical slots to fit the small studs
fixed in the umbrella stick at the points where the umbrella is full open
or shut. A small horizontal slot is also made to attach the outer slide
to it, but at the same time to allow the outer slide free to revolve + of a
revolution to slide into the studs fixed to the stick. The outer slide has
corresponding vertical slots with the inner ones, and horizontal slots

page_text: running at right angles to those enables the outer slide to turn on the
inner one and move on to the studs at the same time, thus preventing
the umbrella from opening or shutting when the slide is at either
extremity of the stick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING AND SEPARATING MINERAL SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITIES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd September 1872.-A communication from abroad by
Robert Spencer, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING AND SEPARATING MINERAL SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to separate metallic ores from the
earthy matters with which they are usually found combined.
The Invention will be found more particularly applicable for the
separation of lead and tin orcs from their gangue. To this end it is first
necessary to pulverize the mineral mass, and thus is effected in a
machine of peculiar construction, consisting of a strong cylindrical
casing in which are enclosed a pair of metal discs mounted paralled to

page_text: On the
each other, and which are rotated in opposite directions.
inner faces of these discs are fixed by screws; bolts, or otherwise, four,
six, or more blocks of steel or other hard metal.
The mineral substance to be operated upon is first reduced by means
of crushing rollers to pieces of a moderate size, and in that state is
fed into the casing through hoppers at the front and back, while the
discs are in rapid rotation. The lumps of mineral will be caught
by the steel blocks on the rapidly rotating discs, and will be thrown
to and fro in the casing with great violence, and will in a short time
be reduced to a fine powder, which will be carried forward by the
draught created by the rotation of the discs, and will be discharged
through an opening at the top of the casing, and be conducted to
a long separating chamber, where the fine parts of mineral will be
deposited in heaps varying in distance from the pulverizer, according
to their respective specific gravities. The central part of the sides
of the casing and also of the discs is perforated with holes for the
purpose of admitting air to the casing. The current of air produced
by the rotation of the discs carries forward the pulverized mineral
into the long separating chamber, as already explained, and when the
mineral dust is deposited on the floor of the chamber the air passes
out through the canvas covering of which the roof of the chamber
is formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING CAUSTIC BARYTA
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cobley and John Edgar
Poynter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th October 1872.
We, THOMAS COBLEY, of Dunstable, in the County of Bedford, and
JOHN EDGAR POYNTER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Manu-
facturing Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for “IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING CAUSTIC BARYTA," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object the obtaining of caustic baryta in an
economical manner; and in carrying it out barium sulphide either in
the liquid or solid state is mixed with about one-fourth its weight of
the heavy oil or creosotic liquor derived from the distillation of tar, and
the mixture is subsequently submitted to distillation at a temperature
sufficiently high to decompose the creosote and accompanying hydro-
carbons.
A combustible gas is obtained by the process just described, which
may be used either as an illuminating gas or as a fuel in the operation
of obtaining the barium sulphide by reduction from baryta sulphate,
and in the operation of concentrating the solution of caustic baryta.

page_text: The residue in the retorts will consist of impure caustic baryta and
carbon.
The caustic baryta may be washed out and the solution thus obtained
may be concentrated, or it may be applied in many cases in its crude
coke like form. The carbon remaining after the removal of the caustic
baryta may be applied as such to various purposes, and in particular
in the operation of reducing the-baryta sulphate into barium-sulphide.
When the barium sulphide and heavy oil or creosotic liquor are
mixed, a portion of the sulphur will separate as sulphuretted hydrogen
gas, whilst the remainder will for the most part pass off during the
distillation as gaseous compounds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAK BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1872. A communication from abroad by Gideon Bantz, of
Frederick, Maryland, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAK BOILER
FURNACES," a communication, to be as follows:—
The said Invention relates to a furnace which is chiefly designed for
burning wet fuel. The said furnace has two or more single fire
chambers which are arranged not under the boiler, but preferably directly
in front and longitudinally parallel with it; the said chambers are
provided with grates placed over suitable ash-pits; in the top of each
chamber there are openings for supplying the furnace with fuel; the
said chambers have narrow throats for the passage of the products of
combustion; a combustion chamber or reservoir is arranged above the
top of these fire chambers directly under the front of the boiler; the said
chamber or reservoir is built of brick, and lined with fire-brick under
the front portion of the boiler; it has a concave bottom, and convex

page_text: back, of a cima-reversa shape; the latter serves as a bridge wall and
has a concave top with an exit space or fluc.
The peculiar shape of the bottom and back prevents the closing of the
throats and ensures perfect combustion; the cima-reversa bottom is
arranged in combination with the narrow throats of the fire chambers
and the flue of the aforesaid bridge wall.
The aforesaid combustion chamber or reservoir is furnished with a
door or number of doors to admit air to the products of combustion.
In combination with the aforesaid fire chambers and combustion
chamber I arrange a series of reverberatory chambers one behind the
other; the said reverberatory chambers are provided with doors at one
side or both sides for admitting air to complete the combustion of the
gases or to check the draught. At the rear of the last of these
chambers I place a wall behind which there is a fluc leading to the
chimney; this fluc brings the heat into close contact with the rear
portion of the boiler, and extinguishes the sparks from the furnace.
The boiler is arranged upon the rear wall of the furnace and the rear
wall of the said fluc, and thereby is heated in the most effectual and
advantageous manner, as it not only receives the heat from the rear wall
of the furnace, but has the entire heat of the fire-chambers concentrated
directly upon it in a chamber where the combustion is intensified. "Dead
chambers" are arranged between the floor and the arches of the firc
chambers for the purpose of keeping the top of the furnace cool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOURNING HAT BANDS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilson Carlile at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
January 1872.
I, WILSON CARLILE, of Walbrook House, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Plush Importer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOURNING HAT BANDS AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The special object of this Invention is the production of a joinless
band to be used for mourning hat bands and other similar purposes, and
which shall not fray at the edges. I prefer to make them of felt in
cylindrical form and of various lengths as may be most convenient, but
generally about two feet long, and to be afterwards cut up to the sizes
required. I accomplish this by forming wool round a cylinder as is done
in the manufacture of felt hats, or by making them in sheets and
joining them together to form the cylinders before the wool is perfectly
felted, and yet invisible to the outside view. These cylinders can be
either dyed after or before making, and are then cut up into the
desirable rings or shapes for the fashions of hats of the day.

page_text: The rings, circles, or strips of felt without joins can be used with
advantage for the manufacture of muffs, cuffs, and in the trimming of
men and women's fancy hats, caps, and all descriptions of articles
requiring a joinless band.
Besides making these bands of felted substances, I would weave 5
cloth or felted cloth in circular looms to produce the same joinless effect
and to be cut up in the same way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING LIQUID, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO GAS SCRUBBERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Vincent at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th Junc
1872.
I, DANIEL VINCENT, of Erith, in the County of Kent, Manager of
Gas Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING LIQUID, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE
TO GAS SCRUBBERS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a simple and efficient
apparatus for distributing water or other liquid in gas scrubbers, and
my apparatus for this purpose consists of a water wheel or wheel
provided at its periphery with a series of compartments, such wheel
being mounted on a horizontal axle at the top of the gas scrubber; this
axle carries a bevel wheel in gear with a corresponding wheel on a
vertical shaft, which carries a dish or basin below the water wheel; the
dish is formed with one or more apertures at the bottom communicating
with radial arms which have holes at their under sides and ends.
The action is as follows:-Water or other liquid is allowed to fall
upon the water wheel so as to cause it to revolve, and the motion is

page_text: transmitted by the bevel gearing to the dish and arms, which are thus
also caused to revolve. The water or liquid from the water wheel falls
into the dish and passes into the revolving arms, from which it falls
in drops and becomes distributed upon the surface of the coke or other
material in the gas scrubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR UNITING AND SECURING THE PARTS OF BEDSTEADS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake,. & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR UNITING AND
SECURING THE PARTS OF BEDSTEADS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."-A
communication from abroad by Minnie Hayword Glassie, Gentle-
woman, Joseph Cleghorn Nash, Clerk, and George Augustus Armes,
Gentleman, all of Washington, District of Columbia, United States
of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 28th June 1872, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
5
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for “Improvements
IN FASTENINGS FOR UNITING AND SECURING THE PARTS OF BEDSTEADS, AND FOR
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has been communi-
cated to me from abroad by Minnic Hayword Glassic, Gentlewoman,
Joseph Cleghorn Nash, Clerk, and George Augustus Armes, Gentleman,
all of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing forming
nart of this Specification

page_text: unlock the latter in putting together or taking apart the posts and rails
of the bedstead or other article.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hcrc-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
Απο
Witness,
CHAS. J. GOOCH.
W. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR CARRIAGE DOORS AND PARTS OF THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1872.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS
FOR CARRIAGE DOORS AND PARTS OF THE SAME," to be as follows
―:
My Invention consist in making pulleys with a loose wheel working
on an inside wheel, with which inside wheel is connected a spring to
cause friction to this inside whcel. A paul or catch is connected to
prevent the return of the window or moveable part of the door by its
own weight. The pulley is acted on by an endless chain or band
making hinges, that fasten the doors to the carriage, of steel coated with
a non-rusting metal, making the knuckles of hinges when made of
non-rusting metal, with steel or other hard metal surfaces to make
them more durable, and lineing the holes in the knuckle of such hinges
with steel or other hard metal, making the hinge pin in the form of a

page_text: screw to allow the door to drop when unfastened, and opening itself
at the same time, and in making the handles that fasten the doors with
a spring to press against the doors to prevent the handles working loose,
also forming a recess at the top of the knuckles of hinges to receive oil,
and thus make the hinge to oil itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WALKING STICKS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th November 1872.-A communication from abroad by
Nicolas Alphonse Aubertin and Louis Joseph Hannart, both of
Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WALKING STICKS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a reservoir walking stick for carrying various
articles such as a candle, matches, cigarettes, writing paper, pen, ink,
and pencil, the whole forming a useful companion, the several articles
contained in which are both readily accessible and conveniently
portable.
The walking stick is made in sections of thin metal or other material
of the requisite strength forming as many separate compartments, and
united together by screwing or otherwise. If of metal, the walking
stick would be colored to imitate wood or cane.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing show exterior and interior views of
the walking stick; a, handle screwing into the first hollow section b,
which is closed at the bottom end, and contains a candle c in a spring
case d, similar section screwing into 6 and containing a supply of
matches. e, section screwing into d, for containing cigarettes; f, section t
screwing into e and containing sheets of paper 9, penholder h, and
pencil i;j, hollow tip which may be protected by a ferrule screwing on
tof, and containing an ink bottle k.
AN IMPROVED DETECTOR FOR ASCERTAINING ERRORS IN SHIPS' COMPASSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dawson Clark and
Robert Jobson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th January 1872.
We, ROBERT DAWSON CLARK, Master Mariner, and ROBERT JOBSON,
Blacksmith, both of West Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
DETECTOR FOR ASCERTAINING ERRORS IN SHIPS' COMPASSES," to be as follows :-
Our Invention has for its object to detect any error to which ships?
compasses may be liable in consequence of local attraction, for example;
such errors may be detected and their extent determined by observation
of the polar star, by the aid of the instrument of our Invention.
The instrument consists of a dial plate, marked with all the points
of the compass like an ordinary compass, and except that the points
indicating east and west are reversed. This dial is hung in gimbals
with its north and south points permanently in a line with the keel,
and the north point in the direction of the ship's head. A balance
weight is also suspended from the centre of the dial at the under side
to keep it in a horizontál position. A pointer works over the dial

page_text: on a centre pivot, the said pointer being provided with a vane at
each extremity and with a socket at its axis or centre to receive a
pointed rod. The vane at the tail end of the pointer is a vertically
slotted plate at which the observer's eye is applied, the pointer being
moved round until the pole star bears upon it the tip of the central
rod before mentioned. In this position the head of the painter will
indicate on the dial the true course of the ship.
By comparing the result of this observation with the course indicated
by the magnetic compass, the difference (if any) after allowing for
variation will be the error or deviation of the compass; bearings of
lights or other objects may be taken by means of the two vanes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING STONE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grindrod and John
Worthington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st March 1872.
WC, JOHN GRINDROD, of Stacksteads, in the County of Lancaster,
Stone Agent, and JOHN WORTHINGTON, of the City of Manchester, in
the same County, Stone Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING STONE," to be
as follows:-
The machinery forming the subject of our Invention consists of a
frame having a sliding table, upon which the stone to be dressed is
secured, the table having a slow motion imparted to it, to traverse the
stone under the cutting tools.
The principal feature of our Invention consists in the arrangement
and mode of actuating and striking the tools or chisels employed. A
shaft is mounted on suitable bearings in slides which can be moved
vertically by screws to adjust the cutters and regulate the depth of the
cut, and horizontally to traverse the cutters over the surface of the stone
operated upon; this shaft has a drum secured upon it having a series of
slots in it, the lengthway of the slots being at a right angle to the
axis of the shaft, the slots being in pairs on opposite sides of the drum.

page_text: In each pair of slots there is an arm or lever which has a boss that can
oscillate loosely on the shaft; one end of the arm just comes through the
slot on one side of the drum, the other end of the arm projecting some
distance through the slot on the opposite side of the drum, this projecting
arm has a socket into which the cutting tool or chisel is inserted at the
proper angle. In the same slot through which the projecting arm passes
that carries the chisel there is another arm arranged in like manner to
the chisel arm, the projecting end of which carries a hammer, but this
hammer arm need have but little play in the slots if any. A series of
these chisels and hammers are arranged along the drum at suitable
intervals, and they are brought into operation by rotating the drum
shaft, which causes the arms carrying the hammers and chisels to rotate
with the shaft, but the chisels stop in their rotation for a moment when
they come in contact with the stone (the length of the slots in the
drum allowing this) until each hammer comes forward by the rotation
of the drum and strikes against the end of its chisel, which releases its
edge from the stone by causing it to chip off the obstructing piece, the
chisel being then carried round by the rotating drum and the stroke is
repeated, and so on, the stone being fed forward after each stroke of the
chisels and hammers. To assist gravity a spring or a weight acting cen-
trifugally may be applied to each chisel arm to cause it to move forward
after each stroke and before the next stroke to the forward end of
its slot in the drum. Shafts and drums carrying chisels and hammers as
described may be also mounted vertically or at any required inclination
on slides so as to be adjustable, so that two or more sides of a stone can
be dressed at the same time if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Baller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1872.
I, EDMUND BALLER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COCKS OR VALVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved cock or valve chiefly designed
for controlling the delivery of water from constant supply pipes, but
also applicable in a modified form for use as an ordinary cock or tap.
The cock or valve for use as a waste water preventer with a constant
supply is employed in combination with a closed cistern for holding a
limited quantity of water. The cock consists of a hollow plug or stem
fixed in the line of pipe by which the said cistern is supplied, the one
end of the plug being attached to the pipe from the main, and the other
end to the pipe from the cistern. Upon the plug is fitted a rotating
socket which carries the delivery nozzle, and is provided with a chamber
which when made to coincide with parts provided above and below a
division in the fixed plug establishics communication between the main

page_text: and the cistern; while by bringing the nozzle opposite a port in the
upper part of the plug the supply from the main is cut off and a flow is
established from the cistern to the delivery nozzle, the pipe above the
cock. serving both for supply and delivery.
In a modified arrangement of the cock for general use the plug is 5
closed at one end and has but one passage for the liquid which is
delivered when the nozzle and passage coincide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE or Bread, BISCUITS, AND PASTRY
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jacques Henri Valleton and Jules Emile
Planque, Co-partners and Members of the Firm of Dalton, Scott,
and Company, of 61, Great Tower Street, in the City of London,
Merchants, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
or Bread, BISCUITS, AND PASTRY."
Sealed the 8th November 1872, and dated the 19th September 1872.

page_text: WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD, BISCUITS, AND PASTRY," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto us, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Decla-
ration that we are the true and first Inventors thereof.
5
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jacques Henri Valleton and Jules
Emile Planque, do hereby declare that the following Complete Speci-
fication, under our hands and seals, fully describes and ascertains the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
bo performed, in and by the following statement thereof, that is to 1
say :—
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Bread,
Biscuits, and Pastry," has for its object the introduction thercinto of the
salutary and medicinal properties or qualities possessed by the different
salts contained in sea water, and consists in the employment of sea water 1
either as a partial or a complete substitute for the soft water ordinarily
employed in the manufacture of bread, biscuits, and pastry.
In order to obtain sea water of the requisite purity it should be
procured from the open sea at some distance from the coast, and far from
the mouths of rivers or streams which carry impure clements. Sea 20
water thus taken from the open sea still retains the flavor of the salts
contained in it, but when mixed with any sort of flour the ordinary
processes of fermentation and baking are sufficient to remove any
unpleasantness of taste to such an extent as to be scarcely if at all
perceptible. And bread, biscuits, or pastry made with such water will 2
be possessed of salutary and medicinal qualities which are not possessed
by bread, buscuits, or pastry made in the ordinary manner.
In order however to remove such flavor, or counteract the effect of it
as may be required, we employ different modes of manufacture as herein-
after described.
In one mode the process is carried on in the usual way until it arrives
at that of "breaking sponge" when sea water is added in substitution
3

page_text: (by using sea water instead of soft water in the said manufacture) for
the purpose of producing food possessed of nutritive and medicinal
properties or qualities, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, wc, the said Jacques Henri Valleton and Jules
Emile Planque, have hercunto set our hands and scals, this Nine- 5
teenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
JACQUES HENRI VALLETON. (L.S.)
JULES EMILE PLANQUE.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM SPENCE,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lane..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Vallet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1872.
I, LEON VALLET, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOTTLES AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates more particularly to that class of bottles which
are intended to receive gaseous liquids such as soda water, lemonade,
ginger beer, and other similar liquids, and has for its object to close the
same hermetically in a more effective manner than heretofore. To this
end the neck of the bottle is formed with an annular recess or groove at
about the middle of its length in order to receive a coiled spring which
is wound around a hollow piston having side projections which fit into
grooves made in the neck of the bottle so that the hollow piston may be
guided in its up-and-down movement.
The bottom of the hollow piston is closed, and to it is attached by
means of a screw and nut a valve composed of a diaphragm of india-
rubber or other suitable material of a diameter somewhat larger than

page_text: that of the bottom of the hollow piston. This valve closes the neck of
the bottle air-tight; at each side of the hollow piston are one or more
holes or openings to allow of the passage of liquid into the interior of
the hollow piston and by that means out of the neck of the bottle. The
bottle can be filled by any of the ordinary appliances at present in use,
and without removing the hollow piston and diaphragm from the interior
of the neck of the bottle. In order to fill the bottle it will only be necessary
to insert a small tube into the neck of the bottle to a depth sufficient to
cause the hollow piston and its valve to descend to a depth sufficient to
open the bottle and admit of the passage of the liquid.
In order to empty the bottle it will only be necessary to introduce a
small key similar to a turnscrew into two small grooves or holes formed
at the top of the hollow piston, and with this key the hollow piston can
be pressed down until the top of its side projections comes below the top
ridge of the horizontal recess of the neck of the bottle, and then to turn
the hollow piston until the projections come under and are held by the
ridge or shoulder of the horizontal recess. The bottle will then be open
and the liquid will pass through the holes in the lower part of the hollow
piston as before mentioned, and can be poured out of the mouth of the
To prevent the entrance of dirt a label is affixed over the mouth
of the bottle instead of at the side, or if preferred a capsule may be
employed for the purpose.
bottle.
It will be evident that in case of the key above-mentioned a lever or
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROGEN GAS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Steer Christopher and
James Frederick Lackersteen at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th June 1872.
We, JOSEPH STEER CHRISTOPHER, of Lombard Court, in the City of
London, Gentleman, and JAMES FREDERICK LACKERSTEEN, also of the
above address, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROGEN GAS,"
to be as follows (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of
hydrogen gas for commercial purposes, and the following is a simple
method of carrying the same into effect:-We pass steam, superheated
or otherwise, into or through a vessel or series of vessels heated by suitable
means to any desired degree of heat and charged with manganese or any
suitable compound or alloy thereof, and either alone or mixed or com-
bined with other suitable substance or material, by which means the
steam is decomposed, the oxygen being absorbed by the manganese or
other substance or substances, and the hydrogen thereby liberated to
be conveyed away by suitable means and used for whatever purpose it
may be required. In performing this Invention care is taken to admit

page_text: only so much steam into the said vessel or vessels as the manganese or
compound or alloy thereof is capable of decomposing, and when it has
absorbed as much oxygen as it is capable of the steam to be decomposed
is turned into another or second vessel or series of vessels similarly
charged and heated, whilst the contents of the first vessel or vessels 1
are being replaced by fresh substance or are being reconverted into
or approaching their primary form or condition, which operation or
operations may be effected by any suitable means.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Malcolm William Hilles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1872.
I, MALCOLM WILLIAM HILLES, of Gargrave, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILER," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of steam
boilers and to secure a large area of heating surface. The boiler I con-
struct mainly of flat plates of steel or iron placed parallel to each other
and at such distances apart as will provide for alternate flues and water
spaces of suitable area for ensuring the rapid generation of steam. The
plates I connect together in pairs by end pieces so as to form water
channels or cells open at top and bottom, and these cells I connect
together by top and bottom pieces so as to form between them passages
or flues open at their opposite ends. The boiler thus far constructed is
rectangular, and may be of any desired length, and it should be
strengthened at the angles by means of angle or other iron. The group

page_text: of cells and flues may be inserted in a horizontal cylinder of such
diameter as will enable tlie angles at the sides of the cells to fit closely
thereto, and divide up the surrounding space into segments. The upper
and lower segment spaces will be respectively steam and water spaces;
the two side spaces will be for the passage of the flame and heated gases.
The fire box will be situate in front of the boiler and the smoke box
at the back thereof as in the ordinary locomotive boiler. The course of
the flame and heated gases will therefore be in parallel lines through the
boiler.
Deflectors may be provided at the front ends of the cells to protect
them from the destructive action of the fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING GAS FOR HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION -left by Robert Stevenson Symington
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st December 1872.
I, ROBERT STEVENSON SYMINGTON, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Telegraph Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING GAS FOR
HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
-
This Invention has for its object to apply gas for heating purposes
in an improved manner, and more especially so as to present the
glowing and cheerful appearance of an open coal fire.
The apparatus and materials for the improved gas fire may be
arranged in an ordinary dwelling house grate. In one modification
pieces of pumicestone arranged in the grate in imitation of ordinary
lumps of coal, and the gas (which may be the same as that ordinarily
supplied for illuminating purposes) is admitted by one or more pipes
perforated with a number of small holes into a space formed within
or between the pumicestone pieces at the lower and back part of the

page_text: grate. Air is admitted through perforated plates at the back and
bottom of the grate, or at the bottom only, to mix with the gas.
Asbestos in a loose fibrous state is filled in between the pieces of
pumicestone, and the mixed air and gas permeating through this
asbestos burns amongst it or on its surface, raising it and the adjacont
pumicestone to an incandescent and glowing state. Not only is the
appearance produced much superior to that of. ordinary gas stoves and
gas heating apparatus but the combustion of the gas is rendered more
complete in consequence of the accumulation of heat in the asbestos
and pumicestone, and the very objectionable smell of gas or close
stoves is completely avoided.
Fire-clay, terra cotta, or other suitable refractory earth may be
substituted for the pumicestone, the essential feature of the Invention
being the combination of the asbestos in a loose fibrous state with
lumps of refractory materials. The fire-clay or other refractory material
may be shaped so as to present the appearance of a number of pieces
of coal although itself only consisting of one or two pieces, and the
perforated back or bottom, or both, may be formed in the fire-clay.