IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING AND INCREASING COMBUSTION IN BLAST AND OTHER FURNACEE, ALSO FOR GENERATING STEAM. AND FOR OTHER BIMILAR OR PURPOSES."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTER
County of Middlesex, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRODUCING AND INCREASING COMBUSTION IN BLAST AND OTHER FURNACEE,
ALSO FOR GENERATING STEAM. AND FOR OTHER BIMILAR OR
PURPOSES."
ANALOGOUS
Sealed the 12th November 1867, and dated the 16th May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Martin Stanley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th May 1867.
1. JOHN MARTIN STANLEY, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING AND INCREASING COMBUSTION IN BLAST AND OTHER
FURNACES, ALSO FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR OR ANALOGOUS
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates in part to the mode of increasing combustion,
described in a Provisional
Provisional Specification, dated 7th November
November 1864,
No. 2758, and consists of the improvements herein-after described in the
means then proposed, which failed in practice.
My improvements in obtaining and increasing combustion in blast furnaces
is effected by passing a current of steam at a proper pressure according to the
heat required through tubes heated externally sufficiently to decompose the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: I
steam into a gaseous state, and injecting it into the centre of a pipe leading to
the tuyere instead of having the pipe open to the air, as described in
Provisional Specification before referred to, whereby the cold air condensed
the steam and damped the carbon at the mouth of the tuyere, and rendered a
great amount of heat latent before it became available for combustion.
attach to the end of the air pipe opposite to the tuyere a series of pipes or
cells open at one end to the atmosphere; these pipes or cells I place either in
the lining of the furnace exposed to the action of the heat, or in an ordinary
hot blast furnace, so as to expose them to the heat; the tubes through which
the steam passes to the jet I expose to the same heat, or they may be heated
separately, as may be most convenient. By the jet of gases injected into
the pipe leading to the tnyere a powerful current is induced through the
heated pipes to the jet, thereby raising the temperature of the air to an
equal degree, or nearly so to that of the decomposed steam, both being
forced together through the tuyere into the furnace, thus increasing the
combustion and intensifying the heat in a high degree without the waste
of heat which arises from passing them in at a low temperature.
I propose the application of the same principle and similar means for
obtaining the necessary combustion in cupolas, but insert the air pipes or cells
and also the tubes for heating the steam in the shell of the cupola exposed
to the action of the heat, and so utilize the heat which is usually lost.
I also adopt the same principle and similar means applied in a different
manner for generating steam, and for all furnaces where intense heat is
required, and hitherto obtained by a draft created through tall chimney
shafts, or by jets of steam injected in the funnel of the boiler. In such cases
1 form an enclosed vault of the ash-pit beneath the fire-bars by walling up
the front to the bottom of the firing hole door, making provision for cleaning
the ashes out of the vault by having an air-tight door placed in the bottom of
the front wall; into this vault I insert the end of a pipe opening into it; to
the other end of the pipe connect flues or pipes with one open to the
air, and the intermediate parts placed in contact with the fire; in the centre
of the pipe opening into the vault 1 place the end of a tube which is connected
with other tubes placed in contact with the fire, so as to be sufficiently heated
to decompose a current of steam, which I inject through the jet into the pipe,
inducing a strong current of hot air into the vault and forced through the fire-
bars, causing a complete combustion of all the gases and inflammable materials
in the fire-place without the necessity of a chimney stack at all, the impelling
force of combustion being under the bars a draft beyond the fire being
unnecessary, and a great saving of fuel effected, and without the emission of

page_text: any smoke whatever. The exhaust steam in high-pressure engines may be
utilized by passing it through the inbe for the purpose of inducing a current
of air. For the escape of waste gases I provide a conducting pipe leading
into a water tank. in order that the same may be condensed and escape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Martin Stanley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MARTIN STANLEY. of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Iron-
founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria. by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Martin Stanley. Her special licence that I, the said John Martin Stanley.
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1. the said
John Martin Stanley, my executors. administrators. and assigns. shouldl
at any time agree with, and no others. from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed. should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRODUCING AND INCREASING COMBUSTION IN BLAST AND OTHER FURNACES.
ALSO FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR OR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Martin Stanley, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their.
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I. the said John Martin Stanley. do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My Invention consists of the use of highly superheated or decomposed
steam combined with hot air, and of the means of applying the same to

page_text: cupolas, blast, smelting, reverberatory, and those furnaces where intense heat
is required, smiths' forges, and steam boiler fires of all descriptions, for the
purpose of producing and increasing combustion therein, such highly super-
heated or decomposed steam and hot air being admitted or introduced into the
furnace, forge, or fire at a temperature at which they readily combine with the
heated carbon and other constituents of the fuel therein. By these means a
great saving in fuel is effected and a very high degree of heat is obtained.
The improvements in obtaining and increasing combustion in blast furnaces
and cupolas by highly superheated or decomposed steam mixed with heated
air are effected by passing a current of steam at any required pressure,
which pressure I prefer to be not less than 50 lbs. to the square inch, but
which pressure may be increased according to the force necessary to produce
the required heat through a coil or coils of tubes or through pipes of any
required size or diameter, the said tubes or pipes having an outer casing of iron
or other metal over them for the purpose of strengthening and protecting the
coils or tubes, and in this condition the solid case of tubing is inserted in the
neck of the furnace or in such other part as may be found convenient in
practice. One end of this coil is passed through the side of the furnace or
cupola, and is attached to a steam pipe leading from a boiler over the furnace
or cupola, which boiler serves as a chimney and boiler, or it may be attached
to a steam pipe leading from any steam boiler, as may be found convenient; to
the other end of the coil or tubing I attach a pipe or pipes, the nozzle or
nozzles of which is or are fixed in the centre or centres of a pipe or pipes
leading to the tuyeres. The heat which usually escapes through the chimney
impinges or acts upon and highly heats the casing containing the coil of
tubing, and also serves to generate the steam when the boiler is over the top of
the furnace or cupola; or instead of the coil of pipes I place in the same
position any apparatus suitable for superheating and decomposing steam
leading to such apparatus. 1 pass a pipe from the boiler to convey the steam,
and from such apparatus a pipe to the pipes leading to the tuyeres conveying
the highly superheated or decomposed steam. As the steam passes through
the coil or pipes or other suitable apparatus, as the case may be, it becomes
decomposed into a gaseous state, and when injected through a small orifice in
the form of a jet into the tuyere or into a pipe leading into the tuyere induces
or sucks in a current of heated air from outside the furnace or cupola or from
pipes passing vertically through the same or from pipes heated in the usual
way for raising the temperature of air for blast furnaces; the gases and heated
air then mix, the whole being induced and propelled into the furnace or fire.
If the hot air is drawn in from outside I surround the pipe of pipes leading to

page_text: the tuyere with a jacket or casing which may if desired be made to pass com-
pletely round the surface or cupola, and be fastened thereto by bolts or other
mechanism with an opening or openings therein to admit a draft of air. The
casing or jacket thus forms a hot air chamber, and absorbs and utilises the heat
which is usually lost from the sides of the furnace or cupola; or if preferred
I inject the jet or jets of superheated or decomposed steam obtained as herein
described into the centre or centres of one or more pipes or tubes placed
vertically in the upper part of the cupola or furnace and exposed to the action
of the heat escaping from the fire or furnace. The air induced by the jet or
jets of superheated or decomposed steam becomes heated in passing through
the said pipe or pipes, which heated air and superheated or decomposed steam
are then propelled through the tnyere or tuyeres into the furnace, cupola, or
fire; or in cases where it is preferred to continue the hot blast as usually
obtained in hot blast smelting furnaces I inject the superheated or decomposed
steam either amongst the hot air as it passes into the furnace or directly
into the furnace near the tuyere uncombined with the hot air, but in all
cases it is important that the steam should be raised to a temperature ai
least equal to that of the hot blast.
In applying the Invention to reverberatory furnaces I prefer to use a
boiler placed in the chimney of the furnace so as to utilise the caloric which
would otherwise escape up the chimney: when this is not convenient the
steam may be brought from any other boiler. I place the coil of pipes or
tubes or other proper superheating or decomposing apparatus as before
described in the roof or other convenient part or parts of the furnace exposed
to the action of the heat; the pipe leading therefrom is then carried through
the face of the furnace, and the end is placed in the centre of an air pipe
leading into an inclosed ash-pit, the jet of superheated or decomposed steam
thereby injected into such pipe inducing or propelling as before explained
the heated air contained by a jacket similar to that herein described under
the head of blast furnaces or cupolas, with which heated air it mixes, or the
jet of decomposed steam may be made to enter the hollow bearing bar of a
set of Warriner's Patent fire-bars.
In applying my Invention to the furnaces of steam boilers and other similar
furnaces I pass a pipe from the exhaust pipe of the engine or from the steam
chest or dome of the boiler into the coil of pipes or tubes or other suitable
apparatus for superheating or decomposing the steam placed over or by the
side of the fire or at the bridge or other part where there is a great heat; or I
make a cast-iron or other bridge with the coil of pipes or other superheating or
decomposing apparatus cast or placed in it; I also place in one or more of the

page_text: flues of the boiler a pipe or pipes of larger dimensions with one end open to the
air, and the other ending in the ash-pit, which is made air-tight: the air thus
gets heated, in its passage through this pipe, into which also the decomposed
steam is passed into a jet and forces the mixed heated air and superheated or
decomposed steam into the ash-pit underneath the bars, part of the hot air and
superheated or decomposed steam in a mixed state can also be passed by
means of a junction pipe over the fire or behind the bridge, and thus supply
the oxygen necessary for burning the smoke and completing the combustion
of the gases.
Where Warriner's Patent fire-bars are used I pass the mixed
superheated or decomposed steam and hot air into the hollow bars and pipes.
In locomotive, portable, and all other multitubular boilers one or more of
the tubes can be used for heating the air instead of the pipe previously
described. and into each of the tubes so used [ pass a jet of the decomposed
steam. At the bottom of the smoke box I form a separate air chamber by
means of a valve, damper, or other suitable mechanism which can be opened or
closed at pleasure. The front or sides of this chamber is or are open to the
air which is drawn into the lower tubes of the boiler by the inductive force of
the decomposed steam: I lengthen these bottom tubes at the ends next to the
fire-box so as to make them discharge the superheated or decomposed steam
mixed with the air which has become heated in its passage through the inbes
under the fire-bars or partly also over the fire. If from any cause however
the combustion of the fuel should not be perfect, especially after coaling, the
damper or valve may be opened, so that the partially consumed gases may be
drawn into the lower tubes and be passed into the fire-box for complete com-
bustion. By a slight modification I also adapt this principle to Cornish and
other boilers, causing the partially consumed smoke to be returned through
the hot air pipe for complete combustion. When Warriner's Patent fire-bars
are used the mixed superheated or decomposed steam and heated air are carried
into the hollow bearing bar, or a part of the decomposed steam and hot air
may be also passed over the fire as before described: by this process the
steam blast in the chimney of such boilers as are ordinarily used is rendered
unnecessary, and the exhaust or other steam used in obtaining that result is
utilised as fuel, and a pressure is obtained in the ash-pit (or in Warriner's
bars when used) which forces the mixed decomposed steam and hot air
between or through the bars into the fire and renders the use of a chimney or
funnel as a means of creating a draft unnecessary. though it may be used for
carrying off the incombustible gases from the fire. In applying this Invention
to marine boilers I place the air chamber at the bottom of the smoke box
which is placed over or above the stokehole, so that the warm air in the stoke-

page_text: hole is drawn into the chamber by the inductive force of the jet or jets of
decomposed steam and ventilates the boiler room.. In applying my Invention.
to smiths' fires and other similar purposes I place the coil for decomposing
the steam in a case of cast iron of a suitable shape and size, which forms the
bed of the fire and is placed upon the hearth, so that the coil is heated by the
fire placed upon it, and decomposes the steam during its passage through;
from this coil I carry a small outlet to the centre of the tuyere into which the
superheated or decomposed steam is injected and sucks in the air as before
described by its inductive force. The air induced is heated by passing it
under the casing forming the bed of the fire to the mouth of the tuyere where
it is drawn into the fire by the jet or jets of decomposed steam.
EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of a blast furnace or cupola in half section,
and Fig. 2 a side elevation of the same; where similar letters appear in
each Figure they refer to the same parts; a, a, is the coil of tubes enclosed
in an iron casing b. b; through this coil the steam is passed by the pipe c, c,
from the boiler d (the tubes of which serve as a chimney), the admission being
regulated by the lap e. The steam passes through the entire coil a, a, and
is heated and decomposed therein, thence it passes through the pipe f, f, and
is injected through the nipple g into the tuyere h, drawing in with it a volume
of air heated in the chamber formed by the jacket i. is the platform for the
men employed to stand on while charging the furnace through the door ;
is the opening through which the molten metal runs from the cupola; m is
the lining of brickwork or other substance between the casing and the
contents of the cupola.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a reverberatory furnace, and Fig. 4 a cross
sectional elevation at A, B, Fig. 3. a is the boiler which if preferred can be
made tubular and placed in the chimney b; c is the pipe conveying the steam
from the boiler into the coil of pipes d; e is the tap for regulating the
admission of the steam to the coil; is the pipe leading into the enclosed
ash-pit, into which the superheated or decomposed steam is injected through
the nipple /, drawing in with it the heated air; G is the jacket which forms
the hot air chamber.
Fig. 5 shows a sectional side elevation of a Cornish boiler; Fig. 6 a front end
view of the same; Fig. 7, a cross sectional elevation at A, B, Fig. 5; and Fig. 8,
a plan of Fig. 5 in section. a is the pipe leading from the exhaust pipe of the
engine or dome of the boiler through which steam is conveyed, the admission
being regulated by the valve b into the coil of pipes c, c, where the steam is super-

page_text: heated or decomposed: is the opening for admitting air into the pipe e
passing through the flue / and into the central flue g: during its passage through
the flues the air becomes heated and is forced by a jet or jets of the super-
heated or decomposed steam delivered from the coil c through the pipe h at
the nipple i, partly into the ash-pit at ; and partly at at the back of
the bridge, and the mixed superheated or decomposed steam and hot air is
delivered over the fire.
Figs. 9 and 10 show a sectional side elevation and plan of a locomotive or
portable boiler. &c. a is the coil placed in the top of the fire-box in which
the steam is superheated or decomposed. and is carried in the pipe b passing
through one of the tubes c of the boiler: this pipe passes down close to the
ends of the tubes in the smoke box d. and delivers at e a jet or jets of the
superheated or decomposed steam into one or more of the tubes at the
lower part of the boiler. The smoke box d is divided by the valve j or any
other suitable mechanism, and air is admitted at the aperture to the bottom
of the smoke box which forms the air chamber, and is drawn in at e by the
inductive force of the jet or jets of superheated or decomposed steam, and
passes through the tubes from which the mixed superheated or decomposed
steam and hot air are delivered partially under the fire-bars at and partially
over the fire at 1.
Fig. 1 shows a sectional side view, and Fig. 12 a half sectional end view
of a marine boiler. a. a. is the coil of tubes for superheating and decomposing
the steam which passes out at b. and through the nipples c. c. c. into the
tubes d, d. d, which are open to the stokehole shewn at e, Fig. 12. and shut
off from the ends of the other tubes by the valve f. The mixed superheated
or decomposed sicam and air pass along the tubes d, d, d, into the pipe g through
the flue h, and are delivered into the closed ash-pit at i and partially at j.
Fig. 13 shows a plan, and Fig. 14 a sectional elevation of a smith's forge.
The steam enters at a into the coil b. b. b. where it is superheated or
decomposed and passes through the nipple c into the tnyere d. The air enters
at e into the flue f. f. f. and goes out at g, and is inducted by the jet of steam
into the tuyere at d.
Having now described and illustrated the nature and object of my
Invention, hereby further declare that what I particularly wish to be
understood as my Invention is, the use and application of highly superheated
or decomposed steam combined with heated air so as to produce increased and
more complete combustion for the several purposes and by the various means
described and illustrated in the accompanying Specification and Drawing:
but I do not claim as my Invention the separate parts of the mechanism

page_text: therein described, but simply the various combinations and arrangements used
for obtaining the desired results.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Martin Stanley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
ARTHUR CHABOT,
14, Bedford Row, W.C.
JOHN MARTIN STANLEY. (L.S.)