IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES."
Sealed the 22nd June 1855, and dated the 26th December 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Bishop and
Joseph Dyer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th December 1854.
We, BENJAMIN BISHOP and JOSEPH DYER, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
Our Invention consists in casting the knuckles or joints of hinges open, so
that the centre pin or axis may be laid in, and the part forming the knuckle
or joint bent round it with suitable tools; or the knuckle or joint part of such
cast hinges may be bent up into form as they occur in each flap, and then put
together and held by the centre pin or axis. All this has been done before
when such hinges have been formed of sheet metal, but we find it advan-
tageous to form them as herein-before described, namely, by casting them, as
it greatly economises labour, the trouble of drilling, and expense of machinery.
This description refers to the usual description of hinges made of brass and
maleable cast iron.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, BENJAMIN
BISHOP and JOSEPH DYER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Hinge Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer, Her special license that
we, the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Benjamin Bishop and
Joseph Dyer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists in casting brass, malleable iron, or other metal
hinges with their joint or knuckle parts open, and in this condition we planish
or flatten the flap parts, and the parts forming the knuckle are then bent into
a circular form by suitable tools ready to receive the axis on which the hinge
is to work; but before putting them together we clear out the joints, by means
of suitable cutters working in a common lathe. By this means we insure an
accurate fit of the one part in the other, in which state they are ready to be
secured by the centre pin, and to be finished in the usual way, either by the
file or other suitable cutting surfaces.

page_text: in the various Figures of which the same letters are used to denote the same
parts as they occur in the various Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
A and B, Figure 1, represent the top sides of two corresponding parts of a
hinge as cast of brass, in the form here represented, C and D being an end view
of the same; and in this form, after cleaning and pickling, we flatten them by
laying them on a suitable tool, as shewn at Figure 2; E representing the bed
tool;
and A, an end view of part of the hinge ready to receive a blow from the
hammer F, which, with its bed tool E, may be applied to a common stamp.
The effect of this will be to equalize the thickness of the flap part and produce
an uniform surface, leaving but little to be done in the subsequent process of
finishing, which may be by the file or other suitable means. In this state, the
joint part of the flap A may require annealing before going through the next
process, shewn at Figure 3, which is an end view of the top and bed tool to be
applied to and worked by means of a common fly press; as also representing
an end view of the hinge flap A, with its open joint resting on and against the
bed tool G, ready for the top tool H to descend, causing the part forming
the knuckle to assume a circular shape, as represented at A and A', Figure 4,
where we are to suppose the top tool to have been forced down by the action
of the press, producing the result here exhibited; and Figure 5 represents a
front view of the same; illustrating the exact position of the bed tool G, flap A,
and top tool H. The knuckle of the hinge thus formed is ready for the next
process. We now take a steel cutter, as represented at J, J, &c., Figure 6,
which being fixed in a lathe and made to revolve rapidly, the flap of the hinge
is laid upon a suitable rest, as represented at Figure 7; J being an end view
of the cutter working on the centre K; and L represents the rest or bearing,
on which is placed the flap A; and it will be seen that the rest or bearing L
is provided with projecting parts, fitting between the cutters, and turned up,
in the form shewn by the dotted line M, so that they should form regulating
stops for the joints of the hinges to be pushed against. The joint thus pre-
pared and cleaned out, as represented at A and B, Figure 6, is ready to be put
together, and retained by a centre pin or axis, and to be finished by the usual
way of filing, buffing, &c. It will be observed that in this description we have
described and represented but one size of hinge, but it must be obvious that
by a slight alteration of the working parts of the bed tool G, either by increasing
or diminishing its dimensions, that binges of any required size may be made

page_text: with the same facility as the one herein described and exhibited. The joints of
such hinges may also be varied, according to the pattern from which they are
cast, as also the cutters with which they are cleaned out and fitted at the
joints. Nor are we confined to the making of butt hinges only on this principle,
as it is equally applicable to the description of hinges known as stop butts, as
will be understood by referring to Figure 8, which represents an end view of
top and bed tools necessary for forming the knuckles of stop butt hinges; as
also the flap of an hinge ready to receive the pressure necessary for forming
the knuckle by the descent of the top tool, as exhibited at Figure 9. By
referring to Figure 8, it will be observed that one part of the knuckle is
slightly thinner than the other, and as the projection at N on the knuckle of
the flap arrives at the projection O on the bed tool, the knuckle will have
been completely formed, the projection on the knuckle forming the stop, as
exhibited in the end view of the finished hinge at Figure 10. Should such
hinge be required for strong or heavy purposes, the parts which form the
knuckle may be soldered where they come in contact with the flap, as will
be understood by referring to r, s, r, s, &c., at A and B, Figure 6, as also at s,
Figure 10.
Having thus described our Invention, and the manner in which the same
may be carried into effect, we wish it understood that what we claim as our
Invention is, the casting of the parts forming the knuckles of hinges open,
which knuckle parts are afterwards to be bent into form in contradistinction
to the common mode of casting the knuckles solid, by which means we greatly
economise labour, as also material, as well as ensuring great truth and exact-
ness, whether such hinges be cast in brass, malleable cast iron, or other
suitable metal.
And, secondly, we claim the coating of such hinges with a deposit of copper
or brass, when such hinges are made of malleable iron, by the agency of
electricity or other suitable and practicable means.
In witness whereof, we, the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fifth day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
BENJAMIN BISHOP. (L.S.)
JOSEPH DYER.
(L.S.)