IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES.
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Mosdell Smith, of Hammersmith, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES.".
Sealed the 17th November 1857, and dated the 14th July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Mosdell Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1857.
I, THOMAS MOSDELL SMITH, of Hammersmith, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of
materials applicable to the manufacture of candles. In mixing rusin with
fatty matters, and afterwards acidifying and pressing them (according to the
process for which, in conjunction with Cornelius Burke, I have already
obtained Provisional Protection), I have found that a considerable part of
the rosin originally mixed with the fat is again separated from it by the
pressing process, being dissolved by the oil, which is then separated. Now, my
present Invention consists in acidifying the fat separately, and separating the
oil from it by pressure, then mixing the rosin with the acidified fat; and
lastly, subjecting the mixture to pressure, and by preference to hot pressure;

page_text: by mixing the rosin in this way, the oil being to a great extent previously
separated, a much larger quantity of rosin will remain in the mixture after
pressure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Mosdell Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 14th January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
MOSDELL SMITH, of Hammersmith, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Mosdell Smith, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Mosdell Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Thomas Mosdell Smith, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Thomas Mosdell Smith, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Mosdell Smith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of
materials applicable to the manufacture of candles. In mixing rosin with
fatty matters, and afterwards acidifying and pressing them (according to the
process for which, in conjunction with Cornelius Burke, I have already
obtained Provisional Protection), I have found that a considerable part of

page_text: the rosin originally mixed with the fat is again separated from it by the
pressing process, being dissolved by the oil, which is then separated.
Now, my present Invention consists in acidifying tho fat separately, and
separating the oil from it by pressure, and then mixing the rosin with the
acidified fat; and lastly, subjecting the mixture to pressure, and by preference
to hot pressure; by mixing the rosin in this way, the oil being to a great
extent previously separated, a much larger quantity of rosin will remain in the
mixture after pressure.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
Tallow or other fatty or oily matter having been acidified and brought back
in the ordinary manner, and subjected to cold pressure, as is well understood,
it is then combined with rosin and again pressed in a heated state. And
although tallow may be used, I prefer to employ a mixture of about two-thirds
tallow and one-third palm oil, though other fats and oils may be used. The
pressed product is boiled up with steam with acid, and the rosin in a powdered
state is dusted in as the boiling progresses. I use at the rate of five lbs. of
strong rectified acid with fifteen gallons of water in boiling up one thousand
lbs. of saponified cold pressed matter alone, or mixed with palm or other oil
or fat. When the rosin has been well boiled and mixed in with the other
materials, the mixture is to be allowed to cool and set in frames or vessels,
and then subjected to hot pressure, commencing at about 145° of Fahrenheit,
and increasing up to about 155° of Fahrenheit. By these means I introduce
with advantage from 18 to 20 per cent. of rosin, which quantity may, however,
be varied.
What I claim is, the combining of rosin with the solid acid products of
tallow or other fatty or oily matters, and pressing the same as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Mosdell Smith, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the
year
of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
JNO. ALCOCK.
T. M. SMITH. (L.S.)