IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF UTILIZING THE HEAT AND THE EXPANSION OF STEAM AND GAS UPON THE LIQUIDS, AND THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Felix Alexandre Tesind de Beauregard, of Boulevard de
Strasbourg, 23. Paris (France). Engineer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF UTILIZING THE HEAT AND THE EXPANSION OF STEAM
AND GAS UPON
THE LIQUIDS, AND THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE
SAME."
Sealed the 22nd April 1879, and dated the 25th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Felix Alexandre Testud de
Beauregard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October
1878.
"
FELIX ALEXANDRE TESTUD DE BEAUREGARD, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23.
Paris (France), Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF UTILIZING THE HEAT
AND THE EXPANSION OF STEAM AND GAS UPON THE LIQUIDS, AND THE APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING THE SAME."
The object of my favention is the transformation of heat into motive power
without loss of the elastic fluids, whether gas or steam. It is based on the following
principles:
1st. A liquid compressed by gases or steam is by this compression animated with
a force equal to that which these gases or steam possessed.
2nd. In this condition a liquid will act under the piston of an engine in the same
way as the expansive fluids."
3rd. Water or any other liquid. by reason of its being incompressible, never
reaches the temperature of the boiling point and becomes a rigid or inflexible trans-
mitter without negative opposition.
4th. The liquid under pressure represents in the cylinder only the exact volume
[Price 8d 1

page_text: or bulk which it occupies contrarily to gases or steam, which expand by reason of
their elasticity.
5th. Water being 250 times more dense than air acts under the impulse of the
live force of gases or steam-as-a-hydraulic-ram by which its easy and economical
return to its original position may therefore be concluded.
6th. Lastly (water, like every other liquid). in consequence of its density, has
among other advantages in this application that of permitting the motor piston to
work without leakage.
Having thus explained the principles-upon--which-my Invention is based,_I_will_
now describe the apparatus which I have devised for realizing my mode of direct
_transformation of heat into power.
The liquid motion circulates in this apparatus-in-a-continuous-motion-_In_a_
receiver it receives a gas or expansive fluid, through the pressure of which it is to
act on the piston.
When it has acted during one travel or throw of the piston, it immediately loses
all pressure withdrawn by exhausters or aspirators, which pump or drive it back
into the receiver from whence it came.
The aspirators are worked by steam or any other expansive fluid; this fluid, in
mingling with the liquid under pressure, communicates its heat and its motive
power to the latter. It is therefore the steam which acts in the aspirator, which
supplies a large quantity of the motive power, which gives the pressure to the
circulating liquid.
The boiler attached to the apparatus only supplies the supplementary compressing
fluid.
In carrying my Invention into effect the steam is taken from a generator of any
system; it passes along a tube, which is furnished with a valve or articulated cock.
controlled by a pump which I term equation pump." This pump is loaded with
a weight corresponding to the maximum working pressure of the motive engine in
such a way that if the steam comes from the boiler at a pressure greater than this
limit, it is cut off by the cock which closes the pump directly the pressure attains
its limit in the receiver.
The steam is received in a receiver insulated by means of wood or any other
insulating material applied interiorly and exteriorly. This receiver should have five
or six times the capacity of the motor cylinder.
The receiver contains a liquid which is not heated under the pressure of steam,
being insulated by a diaphragm of solid wood, or formed of a layer of pulverized
cork.
The steam arriving in the receiver exercises a pressure on the liquid which is
there contained; the latter escapes by a tube and proceeds to the admission port or
orifice of the slide valve of the motor engine. An aspirator may be placed on the
tube if found necessary.
The liquid motor under pressure acts on a piston whose rod transmits the motive
power. On the other side of the piston is the negative liquid, which opposes no
counter pressure whatever since there is absolute vacuum on that side of the piston.
The liquid finds an outlet by the port of the cylinder and the exhaust of the slide:
moreover, this exhaust liquid is recalled by a battery of aspirators, and sent by
these to the receiver by a conduit and a valve.
The aspirators are worked by superheated steam at a high pressure and tempera-
ture. These aspirators withdraw the liquid which escapes from the cylinder,
producing an effect analogous to that of condensers in ordinary engines; they force
back this liquid into the receiver, communicating to it the heat from the steam
which acts in the aspirators.
As I have before said in the recital of this Specification, the steam which acts in
the aspirators constitutes a large part of the motive power; the boiler serves only
as an adjunct.
The motor cylinder may be arranged horizontally or vertically.
The number of receivers may also vary; there may be three, or even more.

page_text: A reservoir is provided to cool the water which leaves the receiver and proceeds
to the motor cylinder by the tube before referred to: this cooling has for object to
prevent the mixing of the steam with the liquid, which would form an expansive
body.
The level of the liquid tends to rise little by little in consequence of the conden-
sation of the steam preceding from the boiler and the aspirators.
The excess of water is removed by the "equation pump
means.
or by any other
The same principles are applicable to heating by the continuous circulation of
hot water impelled by the pressure of steam, or a gas heated under pressure.
I may vary the shapes, materials, and dimensions of these apparatus of direct
transformation of heat into power by incompressible liquids,

page_text: SPECIFICATION- in pursuance_of_the_conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Felix Alexandre Testud de Beauregard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th April 1879.
FELIX ALEXANDRE TESTUD DE BEAUREGARD, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23,
Paris (France), Engineer, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF UTILIZING THE HEAT
AND THE EXPANSION OF STEAM AND GAS UPON THE LIQUIDS, AND THE APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING THE SAME.”
"The object of my Invention is the transformation-of-heat-into-motive-power
without loss of the elastic fluids, whether gas or steam. It is based on the following
principles
First. A liquid compressed by gases or steam is by this compression animated
with a force equal to that which these gases or steam possessed.
Secondly. In this condition a liquid will act under the piston of an engine in the
same way as the expansive fluids.
Thirdly. Water or any other liquid, by reason of its being incompressible, never
reaches the temperature of the boiling point and becomes a rigid or inflexible trans-
mitter without negative opposition.
Fourthly. The liquid under pressure represents in the cylinder only the exact
volume or bulk which it occupies, contrarily to gases or steam, which expand by
reason of their clasticity.
Fifthly. Water being 250 times more dense than air, acts under the impulse of
the live force of gases or steam, as a hydraulic ram, by which its easy and economical
return to its original position may therefore be concluded.
Sixthly, and lastly. Water (like every other liquid), in consequence of its density
has, among other advantages in this application, that of permitting the motor piston
to work without leakage.
Having thus explained the principles upon which my Invention is based, I will
now describe the apparatus which I have devised for realizing my mode of direct
transformation of heat into power.
In a
The liquid motor circulates in this apparatus in a continuous motion.
receiver it receives a gas or expansive fluid, through the pressure of which it is to
act on the piston. When it has acted during one travel or throw of the piston. it
immediately loses all pressure withdrawn by exhausters or aspirators, which pump
or drive it back into the pressure from whence it came.
The aspirators are worked by steam or any other expansive fluid: this fluid, in
mingling with the liquid under pressure, communicates its heat and its motive
power to the latter. It is therefore the steam which acts in the aspirator which
supplies a large quantity of the motive power which gives the pressure to the
circulating liquid.
The boiler attached to the apparatus only supplies the supplementary compressing
finid.
The steam employed is preferably superheated steam. by which great economy is
obtained, as it can be heated to 800 degrees. This high temperature has no injurious
effects, since in my system the steam does not act on pistons, nor on packing or
stuffing boxes, as in the case of the cylinders of ordinary engines.
The steam acting in the exhausters or aspirators causes a vacuum on one of the
sides of the motive pision; the same result is obtained by employing the steam to
impel the liquid against the opposite side of the piston: in this case the injector
no longer acts as an exhauster or aspirator, but as a forcing apparatus, increasing
the pressure on the active side of the piston. In practice, I prefer adopting this
latter arrangement, which will be presently described.
The whole of the apparatus is shown in sectional elevation. Figure 1, and in plan,
Figure 2, of the annexed Drawings.

page_text: In carrying my Invention into effect the steam is taken from the generator A of
any system by the tube B. which is furnished with a valve or cock.
The steam is received in the receiver D, insulated by means of wood or any other
insulating material applied interiorly or exteriorly.
This receiver should have 5 or 6 times the capacity of the motor cylinder. The
receiver contains a liquid D', which is not heated under the pressure of steam,
being insulated by a diaphragm D" of solid wood, or formed of a layer of pulverized
cork.
The steam arriving in the receiver exercises a pressure on the liquid which is
there contained; the latter escapes by the tube E. and proceeds to the admission
port or orifice of the slide valve F of the motor engine.
A series of aspirators is placed on the tube E.
The liquid motor G under pressure acts on the piston J, whose rod F¹ transmits
the motive power. On the other side of the piston is the negative liquid G', which
opposes no counter pressure whatever. Since there is absolute vacuum on that side
of the piston the liquid finds an outlet by the port of the cylinder and the exhaust
of the slide. This exhaust liquid returns to the receiver D by the conduit ' and
the valve H².
The aspirators or exhausters H are worked by superheated steam at a high
pressure and temperature. These aspirators withdraw the liquid G' which escapes
fom the cylinder, producing an effect analogous to that of condensers in ordinary
engines they force the liquid into the motive cylinder, communicating to it the heat
from the steam which acts in the aspirators.
As I have before said in the recital of this Specification, the steam which acts in
the aspirators constitutes a larger part of the motive power: the boiler A serves
only as an adjunct.
The motor cylinder may be arranged vertically, as in the Drawing, or horizon-
tally. The number of receivers D may also vary: there may be three, or even
more.
A reservoir may be provided to cool the water which leaves the receiver D, and
proceeds to the motor cylinder by the tube E: this cooling has for object to prevent
the mixing of the steam with the liquid, which would form an expansive body.
The steam may not be admitted to the receiver D, but only allowed to act in the
aspirators H.
The level of the liquid tends to rise little by little in consequence of the conden-
sation of the steam procceding from the boiler A and the aspirators H. The excess
of water is removed by a pump or by any other means.
The same principles are applicable to heating by the continuous circulation of hor
water impelled by the pressure of steam, as a gas heated under pressure.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 3 the driving shaft M is arranged vertically
and carries a wheel K: this wheel carries arms or pallets p. which receive the action
of three currents of water circulating in the tubes and produced by the injectors
or aspirators H.
Figures 4 and 5 represent in section and in plan an arrangement of apparatus,
consisting of a horizontal shaft and a vertical pallet wheel, which is acted upon by
the currents of water produced in the tubes by the injectors or aspirators H, the
return of the water being effected by the tubes /'.
I may vary the shapes, materials, and dimensions of these apparatus of direct
transformation of heat into power by incompressible liquids.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed. I declare that I claim.-
First. My method of direct transformation of heat into motive power without
loss of the expansive fluids realized by the action of gas or of steam (preferably
superheated) on an incompressible liquid, which is sent under pressure on to the
piston of a motive engine, according to the conditions described.
1
Secondly. The various arrangements described of the hydromotor, apparatus which
I have devised.

page_text: Thirdly. The employment of aspirators worked by steam, air, or any other expan-
sive gas, to impel the liquid and force it into the receiver, in which the expansive
fluid acts in such a manner that the same liquid is in continuous circulation in the
apparatus, as before described.
In witness whereof, I. the said Felix Alexandre Testud de Beauregard, have
hereunto set my hand and seat, this Twenty-second day of April. One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.