AN IMPROVED APPARATUS Pre- VENTING CANDLES GUTTERING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Amédeé Fayol, of Bordeaux (Gironde),
Mechanist, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS for Pre-
VENTING CANDLES GUTTERING.”
Scaled the 23rd October 1874, and dated the 28th April 1874.

page_text: candle, brings the grease or composition towards the incandescent wick,
and prevents it spreading laterally.
The small metallic cup is guided and kept in place by a ring (or rings)
or a tube which fits loosely round the candle and is connected to the cup
by two, three, or more vertical strips which form stays. By this com-
bination of parts the cup descends automatically, by its own weight, in
proportion to the consumption or burning of the candle.
The metallic cup is protected from the flame by arranging above the
said cup a second perforated cup of larger diameter, and which is itself
surrounded by a cylinder of glass, crystal, mica, or other suitable
material resting on supports formed at the top of the strips before
named. This second or independent cup may also be of glass made in
one piece with the surrounding cylinder.
The hole in the centre of the first cup should be sufficiently large to
enable the apparatus to be guided by the exterior of the candle, even in
cases where the wick is not in the centre of the candle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Amédée Fayol in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AMÉDÉE
FAYOL, of Bordeaux (Gironde), Mechanist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date, the Twenty-eighth day of April in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Amédée Fayol, Her special
licence that I, the said Amédée Fayol, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Amédée Fayol, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
.

page_text: APPARATUS
FOR PREVENTING CANDLES GUTTERING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Amédée Fayol, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in thic Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Amédée Fayol, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus for preventing the guttering
of the grease or composition of candles when burning.
The apparatus has for its main feature a small perforated metallic cup
which surrounds the wick, having a central hole for the wick to pass'
through. This cup dips at its under or convex side into the melting
candle, brings the grease or composition towards the incandescent wick,
and prevents it spreading laterally.
The small metallic cup is guided and kept in place by a ring (or rings
or a tube) which fits loosely round the candle, and is connected to the
cup by two, three, or more vertical strips which form stays. By this
combination of parts the cup descends automatically, by its own weight,
as the candle becomes consumed or burnt.
The metallic cup is protected from the flame by arranging above the
said cup a second perforated cup of larger diameter, and which is itself
surrounded by a cylinder of glass, crystal, mica, or other suitable
material resting on supports formed at the top of the strips before-
named. This second or independent cup may also be of glass made in.
one piece with the surrounding cylinder.
The Invention will be fully understood on reference to the annexed
Drawings.
Figure 1 is a side view, and Figure 2 a plan, showing the principle on
which the apparatus is based. a is a perforated cup which constitutes a
sort of sieve. It is connected by two or more strips or stays b, b, to a

page_text: ring c which fits loosely over the candle. The cup has a central opening f
through which the wick passes. By this arrangement the cup a, heated
by the flame of the candle, causes the composition or material of the
latter to melt, and obliges it to collect towards the centre around the
wick without any of it overflowing or guttering.
With the object of protecting the metallic cup from the effect of the
flame I fit above this cup a second perforated cup which is of larger
diameter, and which is itself surrounded by a cylinder or tube of glass,
crystal, or mica, resting on supports formed at the top of the strips or
stays b. This upper or independent cup may be of glass, in a piece
with its cylinder. By this combination the combustion of the candle is
effected very regularly without any guttering, and the candle can be
carried about without fear. Figure 3 is a side view, Figure 4 a vertical
section, and Figure 5 a plan of this arrangement.
Figures 6 and 7 shew the upper cup and the cylinder; Figure 8
represents the cup made in one piece with the cylinder.
It will be seen that I fit above the first cup a, a supplementary
perforated cup a¹ of larger diameter which is intended to protect the
former from the action of the flame. This supplementary cup a¹ is
surrounded by a glass tube or cylinder a². This cylinder a² rests on
supports m, m, formed at the upper part of the strips b, b, or it may, as
before mentioned, be made in a piece with the cup a¹. To facilitate the
lighting of a candle provided with one of these apparatus it should not
be held horizontally because the cup and glass would become blackened
or dirty. But as soon as a light is applied to the candle an up-and-down
movement should be given to it so as to heat the lower part of the wick.
This precaution is necessary to prevent the wick burning before the
grease is melted. When the candle has been lighted two or three
minutes the wick is sufficiently long to consume all the grease which
melts, and the lower cup of the apparatus remains constantly dry.
When the candle is a new one, that is to say, has not been lighted
before, it should be left without the apparatus until the wick has
become properly formed.
In a modified form shewn in Figure 9 the apparatus is guided by the
exterior of the candle and cannot become displaced when the wick is
not quite in the centre of the candle. The central opening of the lower
cup being very large allows the apparatus to descend straightly,

page_text: The apparatus in this
connected together
notwithstanding the excentricity of the wick.
case comprises a guide composed of two rings a
by stays or pieces c. These pieces and the rings may be replaced by a
tube, but a tube would be of less advantage as regards transparency.
by stays or pieces c. These pieces and the rings may be replaced by a
tube, but a tube would be of less advantage as regards transparency.
The characteristic features of my apparatus as herein-before described,
are:-
First. The small perforated cup which surrounds the wick dipping in
the melted grease which it brings towards the centre, thus preventing
overflow.
Secondly. The combination with this perforated cup of a second
perforated cup of larger diameter fitted above the first to protect it from
the flame, this second cup being itself surrounded by a tube or
cylinder.
And, Thirdly. The arrangement of an open work guide composed of
two rings joined together by, stays or connecting pieces to guide the
apparatus truly on the exterior of the candle.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim con-
structing apparatus for preventing candles guttering, substantially as
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Amédée Fayol, havo hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
AMEDEE FAYOL. (L.S.)
ALBERT CAHEN,
Civil Engineer,
of Boulevard Magenta, 32,
at Paris.