tion, and Defecation of Sewage Matters.
Year: 1885

page_text: tion, and Defecation of Sewage Matters.
I GEORGE WILLIAM BREMNER of Leadenhall Buildings, London, Manufacturing
Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
ΟΣ
This invention relates to an improved process for the treatment of Sewage by
the use of the calcined phosphates of Alumina and the sodiac potassic or sulphate
extracts of the same, or any similar base or extract whereby the sewage matter is
defecated the deleterious properties absorbed and oxidised, the denser portion
precipitated, the effluent water clarified and rendered innoxious, the ammoniacal
properties preserved and increased.
and
or
or
I have discovered that the phosphates of alumina imported from the Islands of
Redonda and Alta Vela in the West Indies when calcined and treated with caustic
soda caustic potash, one, both or either, sulphuric and hydrochloric acid or any
other alkaline substance or any compound of sulphur yields a much larger propor-
tion of element necessary for the purification of sewage and consequently the
extracts after calcination being larger are much more economical in their application.
I have further discovered that by the joint application of the sodiac and potassic,
sulphuric hydrochloric extracts or any base of either jointly applied in such
quantity or quantities as the bulk or body of the sewage represents in order to
keep the sewage matter on the acid side so that the same may be oxidised the
ammoniacal properties preserved and the manurial product so improved as to
become an article of marketable value.
and
or
or
For the purpose of my invention I take the phosphates of Alumina imported
from the Islands of Redonda or Alto Vela in the West Indies I grind them to
fine powder I then furnace them in a reverberatory furnace per preference made
of Iron as I find that a brick or earthy furnace absorbs during calcination a large
amount of phosphoric acid which I wish to retain and when I find the material in
the furnace by frequently turning over has become a reddish brown color by the
caloric employed I withdraw it from the furnace and I admix or not therewith one

page_text: and
per cent more or less of powdered sulphur. The mass is then put into a cylinder
or pan filled with water that has been or not previously heated and I add thereto
caustic soda caustic potash, one both or either bringing the heat up to about
180 Fah more or less and I keep the heat up until I find the liquor used has
absorbed so much of the products under treatment as the strength of the same
will allow.
or
I do not limit myself to any particular strength as my object is the full extrac-
tion of all the alumina and phosphoric acid or other such parts of the material as
will combine in a liquid form with the liquor used.
The liquor is then allowed to flow into the sewage tanks or vessels in conjunction
with any sulphate or hydrochloric extract of phosphate of alumina or any acid
admixture that will destroy the holding power of the alkaline solution and liberate
the matter it has absorbed. By this means a lively gaseous evolution is set up the
alumina and phosphoric acid or other matter held in solution by one or both of the
alkaline or acid products employed is liberated discharging its or their elements
and spreading the liberated matter over the sewage like a feathery film.
The alumina and sulphur discharge being insoluble in water absorbs and carries
down with it the organic matter of the sewage leaving the effluent water clear and
by keeping the whole mass from becoming alkaline by an excess of acid it is
oxidised.
The effluent water is then drawn off as it clarifies, comparatively pure the sludge
or denser portion being charged with the sulphate sodiac, potassic, phosphoric and
alumina elements, is then passed through one of Johnsons or other filters and
pressed into a hard dry cake.
I then cause the cake so formed to be broken up and I admix with it one per cent
more or less of bone refuse or dissolved bone or any other boney or horney refuse
and blood or fish or animal matter and I add thereto if necessary a small per centage
or
and
от
or solution of caustic soda caustic potash admixing. the whole together or if
oxidation after the admixture is necessary I employ further acidulated means.
Dated this 11th day of November 1885.

page_text: tion, and Defecation of Sewage Matters.
I GEORGE WILLIAM BREMNER of Leadenhall Buildings, London, Manufacturing
Chemist do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
ог
and
ог
My invention relates to an improved process for the treatment of sewage by the
use of the calcined Phosphates of Alumina and extracts of the same obtained by
treating the said Phosphates of Alumina with any salt or compound of Sodium or
Potassium or any compound of one or both or with Sulphuric Hydrochloric
acid or any acid compound of one or both admixed with Pyroligneous acid or
otherwise whereby the sewage matter is defecated, the deleterious properties
absorbed and oxidised the denser portion précipitated, the effluent water clarified
and rendered innoxuous, the ammoniacal properties preserved and increased.
and
or
I have discovered that the Phosphates of Alumina imported from the Islands of
Redonda and Alta Vela in the West Indies when calcined and treated with caustic
and
soda caustic potash, one, both or either, sulphuric hydrochloric acid or any
ог
alkaline or acid admixture or any composition where Soda or Potash sulphuric
acid or Hydrochloric acid is used separately or combined yields a much larger
proportion of element necessary for the purification of sewage and consequently
the full extracts of the component parts of the material by calcination being by
this means obtained, the products are more efficient for the treatment of sewage,
and the processes more economical in their application.
and
or
and
or
I have further discovered that by the joint application of the Sodaic
potassic, sulphuric hydrochloric acid extracts of Phosphate of Alumina or any
admixture of either extract jointly applied in such quantity or quantities of each
as the bulk or body of the sewage represents, the sewage matter being kept acid
so that the same may be oxidised, the ammoniacal properties preserved and the
manurial product so improved as to become an article of marketable value.
For the purpose of my invention I take the Phosphates of Alumina imported
from the Islands of Redonda or Alta Vela in the West Indies or other place I grind
them to fine powder I then furnace them in a reverberatory or other furnace per
preference made of iron as I find that a brick or earthy furnace absorbs during
calcination a large amount of phosphoric acid which I wish to retain and when
I find the material in the furnace by frequently turning over has become of a
reddish brown colour by the caloric employed I withdraw it from the furnace and
I admix or not therewith one per cent more or less of Sulphur. I find also that
good results may be obtained by admixing salts or sulphates of Soda, Potash or
Lime with the Phosphate of Alumina during calcination.

page_text: or
The material under treatment having been drawn from the furnace is then put
into a cylinder or pan filled with water that has been or not previously heated and
I add thereto caustic soda and caustic potash, one, both or either bringing the heat.
up to about 180° Fahr, more or less, and I keep the heat up until I find the liquor
used has absorbed so much of the products under treatment as the strength
of the same will allow. I do not limit myself to any particular strength as my
object is the full extraction of all the Alumina Iron and Phosphoric Acid or other
such parts of the material as will combine or become solvent or charge the liquor
so obtained.
Having described the mode of extraction by my alkaline process I would further
add that the acid extracts of Phosphate of Alumina may be obtained by the use
and employment of any acid or admixture of acids as described above the proportion
being more or less of one gallon of acid 1500 specific gravity to three gallons more
or less of water to thirty five pounds more or less of phosphate of alumina under
treatment, the same course of extraction as described in the alkaline process being
applicable.
The alkaline liquid solution is then allowed to flow into the Sewage tanks (per
preference through a dam having stirring or admixing apparatus fitted thereto);
in conjunction with any sulphate or hydrochloric extract of Phosphate of Alumina
or any acid admixture combined or not with Phosphate of Alumina; or per contra
the acid extracts of calcined Phosphate of Alumina can be employed in combination
with any alkali or lime or their extracts or solutions; thus, by the joint application
of the alkaline or acid solutions or admixtures the acid being kept in excess, the
products held in solution are liberated, the sewage matter is oxygenised and they
being insoluble in water; they spread themselves over the surface of the sewage
like a feathery film absorbing the organic matter and leaving the effluent water
clear. The denser portion or sludge being charged with the sulphate, sodaic,
potassic, phosphoric and alumina and other elements is then passed through one of
Johnson's or other filters and pressed into a hard cake.
and
ог
I then cause the cake so formed to be broken up and I admix with it one
per cent more or less of bone refuse or dissolved bone or any other bony or horny
refuse or other animal matter blood, fish or fish refuse and I add thereto if
necessary a solution of caustic soda or caustic potash or lime or if oxidation be
necessary I employ further acidulated means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
-
1. The application of calcined Phosphate of Alumina as a base and the extraction
therefrom of the Sodaic, Potassic or Sulphate extracts of the same or any acid
extract of the same or extracts from admixtures as described whether used in a
dry or liquid form for the treatment of sewage as herein set forth.
2. The use of calcined Phosphate of Alumina and the means as above fully
described in order to obtain in a solvent or liquid form extracts of the component
parts of the whole material which may be under treatment such being useful and
conducive to the purification and defecation of sewage as set forth.