A MECHANICAL BAKERY AND COOKERY
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexandre Marie Joseph Ecckman, of the Town of
Lille, France, Gentleman, for the Invention of "A MECHANICAL BAKERY
AND COOKERY."
Sealed the 8th May 1857, and dated the 17th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexandre Marie Joseph
Ecckman at the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th November 1856."
I, ALEXANDRE MARIE JOSEPH ЕECKMAN, of the Town of Lille, France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
MECHANICAL BAKERY AND COOKERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, 1st, in an oven of a simple and commodious con-
struction for baking at the same time bread and other articles of food; and
2nd, in a mechanical kneading trough. The annexed Drawing represents
both of these apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the oven; Fig. 2, a front view of the kneading
trough; and Fig. 3, a vertical section of the same. The oven is formed of
sheet iron lined internally with fire bricks. Its novelty consists in the super-
position of moveable baking floors, which are placed above one another; they
are of a circular shape and paved with fire bricks; they can move round freely
by means of a central vertical shaft, to which they are fastened, so that each
article may arrive at the opening of the oven to be removed when necessary.
A, B, C, D, Fig. 1, apertures to the several baking compartments for
putting in or taking out the loaves or other articles to be baked or that
have been baked; these apertures are closed during the baking, but two
of them are represented open. In Fig. 1, a loaf is to be seen at B and
a piece of meat at D. E and F are the doors of the fire boxes, placed

page_text: on each side of the oven, and the fire is made with any suitable fuel; cach
fire-pluce is provided with separate flues, which, after circulating within the
oven and under each baking floor, discharges into the chimney M. The
sunft I carrying the baking floors is provided with a handle II, fastened to it,
so that the baking floors may be made to rotate when necessary and bring the
baked articles near the apertures. A reservoir is placed at the upper corner
of the fluc, so as to furnish hot water when required, which water is drawn off
through the cock K. A thermometer may be used to indicate the degree of heat.
The kucading trough A, Fig. 2 and 3, is shaped like a half cylinder, and
fitted in a frame B, B; two blades C, C, bent in helices, aro fixed at their
extremities to two dises a, b, (Fig. 1), which have central trunnions running
on bearings placed at each end of the kneading trough. II, handle or crank
to give a rotative motion to the blades C, C, by means of a cog wheel and
pinion. The blades C, C, cut and malaxato the dough, whilst shorter blades
c, e, Fig. 1 and 2, knead it. The said apparatus are especially intended for
supplying bread, and preparing the food for large establishments.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by tho said Alexandre Marie Joseph Eeckman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDRE
MARIE JOSEPH EBCкMAN, of the Town of Lille, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alexandro Mario Joseph Eeckman, Her special license that I,
the said Alexandre Marie Joseph Eeekman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexandre Marie Joseph Ecckman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "A MECHANICAL BAKERY AND COOKERY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexandre Marie Joseph Ecckman,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexandre Marie Joseph Eeckman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof:-
"The apparatus for the mechanical bakery and cookery are represented on
the annexed Drawing; they consist of a kneader and of an oven. The Figures
from 1 to 8 represent the oven, and the Figures 9, 10, 11, 12 the kneading
apparatus.
The principal object of the Invention is the more perfect and economic
baking of bread, the heat necessary for this baking in my oven being also used
for cooking or baking other kinds of food. My combined process is especially
available when many people are living together, as in large farms, schools, on
board ships, and for troops.
The oven is formed of a sheet-iron casing lined inside with fire bricks; its
novelty consists in several moveable baking floors, which are placed one abovo
the other, and paved with fire bricks.
Figure 1 is a front view of the outside of the oven; Figure 2, a front view
of the inside; Figure 3, front view with two of the baking doors removed to
shew the articles in process of baking. f represents loaves of bread, and ga
piece of meat. Figure 4 is a side view. a, a, a, doors of the baking chambers;
b, b, doors of the fire boxes; c, flue for the escape of the smoke. The baking
floors are round, and rest on a central vertical shaft i, j, (Fig. 2); a handle m
is fastened to the top of the shaft for turning the floors round, so as to bring
near the doors the articles when they are considered to be cooked, so that
they may be replaced by others. The fire is made on each side at 6, b, with
any suitable fuel; the flame and hot gases run through suitable flues, and
after circulating about the oven they escape in the chimney m, as is shewn
by the direction of the arrows, and as will be understood by looking at the
horizontal sectional views, Figure 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section made through A, A, Figure 2.
Figure 6 is a
ditto
ditto
through B, B, Figure 2.
Figure 7 is a
ditto
ditto
through C, C, Figure 2.
Figure 8 is a
ditto
ditto
through D, D, Figure 2.
The red arrows show in all the Figures the direction of the flame from the
left fire box, Figure 2, till it reaches the chimney, as seen at 1, Figure 2 and 8;

page_text: the blue arrows shew likewise the direction of the flame from the right fire
box, Figure 2, till it reaches the chimney pipe at s, Figure 2 and 8. A thermo-
meter may be placed as seen Figure 1, and a water pan is placed round the
upper chamber, so that warm water may be procurable by opening the cock k.
The kneading apparatus is composed of a semi-cylindrical box, made either of
tinned or of galvanized sheet iron or other suitable metal. The ends of this
kneading box are of a spherical shape. For preventing the cooling of the
dough when working it, the kneading box is placed in a tub or pan contain-
ing warm water; this pan is placed in a wooden chest, to which the kneading
apparatus is fixed. Within the kneading box an iron blade B, shaped like an
S with hooked fingers i, i, (Fig. 12,) mixes the dough by its rotative motion.
Figure 9, end view; Figure 10, side view of the complete kneading apparatus;
Figure 11, a separate view of the box A in its warming pan C; Figure 12,
kneading blade.
The kneader is actuated by turning a handle E, attached to a shaft bearing
a pinion a, which gears with another larger pinion b, and this latter with a
wheel c, fixed on the shaft of the kneading blade B. In small kneading.
apparatus the blade B may be raised, as seen Figure 9, for removing the
dough, whilst in larger ones the dough is taken out by swigging and balf
turning over the box A.
A, metallic kneading box; E, wooden chest; D, warming pan; B, knead-
ing blade; a, b, c, gearing for driving the apparatus.
What I claim as new in my oven is the application of several moveable
baking floors placed one above the other revolving by the action of a common
central vertical shaft for the purpose of baking bread and other articles of
food with the same fire, which oven may also heat apartments. And what
I claim as new in my knoading apparatus is especially the spherical shape
of the ends of the kneading box, which allows the dough to be completely
kneaded and easily removed, and also the application of a warming pan to;
prevent the dough cooling while working it."
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Four-
teenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
EECKMAN. (17.5.)
Signed and sealed in the presence of
J. GUERMONPRER.