A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING (BY HOT ROLLING IRON OR STEEL) PLATES, BARS, GIRDERS, BEAMS, AND THE LIKE, AND THE NEW APPLICATION IN SUCH MANUFACTURE OF SPECIALLY PREPARED ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR THAT PRO
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Just Larue, of 17, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris,
France. Engineer, for an Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING (BY HOT ROLLING IRON OR STEEL) PLATES, BARS,
GIRDERS, BEAMS, AND THE LIKE, AND THE NEW APPLICATION IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE OF SPECIALLY PREPARED ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR THAT
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Just Larue at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1881.
JUST LARUE, of 17, Boulevard Saint-Martin, Paris, France, Engineer.
"A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING (BY HOT ROLLING IRON OR STEEL)
PLATES, BARS, GIRDERS, BEAMS, AND THE LIKE, AND THE NEW APPLICATION IN
SUCH MANUFACTURE OF SPECIALLY PREPARED ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR THAT
PURPOSE."
My Invention relates to a new or improved method of manufacturing by hot
rolling iron or steel the articles hereinafter mentioned, and the new application in
such manufacture of specially prepared rollers or cylinders for that purpose.
1. All forms or types of truss work lattice girders and half lattice girders
hitherto made by using iron or steel bars connected to each other by riveting.
2. A new class of mixed forms, which I term panelled truss work.
3. Sheets, plates, and bars perforated whilst hot by rolling, superseding those
perforated when cold by the ordinary methods.
For obtaining trusswork I cut or engrave the finishing rolls or cylinders with
grooves or channels, either oblique to or parallel with the axis of such rolls or
cylinders, the outline, depth, and direction of these grooves or channels being
determined according to the kind of truss required.
Heretofore the rolls or cylinders of rolling mills have been grooved or channelled
in the lathe, consequently in the direction of their circumference, but the hardness
of the rolling surfaces has hitherto prevented their being made with grooves or
channels parallel with or oblique to their axis.

page_text: In the practical manufacture of my rong cylinders I can use for cutting the
grooves or channels either screw-cutting lathe, milling machinery, planing
machinery, or other machine tools, such as emery wheels and the like. If necessary
the rolls or cylinders may be cast, and receive in the casting the requisite grooves
or channels, according to the type or pattern to be produced.
By using rolls or cylinders thus prepared I am enabled to manufacture either
truss work having isosceles triangles between the flanges of the girder or beam
(Fig. 1), and those with scalene triangles of all kinds (Figs. 2 and 3), or truss work
on Town's system, having one or several meshes or reticulations formed by the
crossing of the bars, which obliquely connect the upper and lower flanges of the
girder or beam (Fig. 4).
The bars forming the truss work of whatever pattern or type may have the
outline, either of the plates or bars, so frequently used, or an outline imparting
greater rigidity by projecting ribs on one or on each face of the bars of the truss
work, and it will be suflicient for producing the same to engrave the desired
outline or shape upon one or both the finishing rolls or cylinders.
By making the grooves or channels of a suitable outline only in the direction of
the axis of the rolls or cylinders vertical stays will be produced, which will form
between the flanges of the girder or beam I shaped-bars, squares, or panels having
a very slight body or web (ame) between the stays (Fig. 5).
If cross bars be added between these stays a type or Paxton's, or pattern of
X shape, will be produced (Fig. 6).
In lattice girders with oblique crossed bars, vertical stays may be produced at
the same time, thereby maintaining the flanges of such a girder at their normal
distance from cach other when a load is placed upon the same (Fig. 7).
By engraving the rolls or cylinders with suitable designs the flanges may also
be connected together by ornamental work, which will effect as nearly as possible
the theoretical conditions of resistance of the above mentioned types.
I must remark that the metal prepared by the roughing rolls or cylinders in the
various shapes required, such as in bars of I, T, L,
form, and in
sheets, will be trussed by the engraved finishing rolls or cylinders, but they will
be what I term panelled truss work for the metal strongly compressed between the
ribs which form the truss work remains in the shape of panels of thin sheet metal
between these ribs, so that my method thus originates a new class of mixed forms
or patterns, which should be termed panelled truss work, while the ordinary
trellis will be termed open truss work.
To manufacture open truss work by my method it will be sufficient to clear
away or punch out when cold their thin panels either by an automatic punching
machine or by a stamping mill, one roll or cylinder of which will be engraved
according to the design corresponding to the truss work to be cleared or opened,
but the relief of which will be higher and sharper, so as to enable it to drive the
slight panels out of the reticulations or meshes of the truss work.
Now according to my Invention truss work lattice girders of considerable
dimensions can be produced by means of the apparatus at present in use in iron
works by simply modifying the rolls or cylinders by engraving them with grooves
or channels arranged as above indicated. By more powerful and special apparatus
larger pieces can be produced, from which girders or beams of greater size can be
constructed, but under the present conditions large girders or beams can be con-
structed by superimposing trussed pieces until the required size be attained, and
by well rivetting the same at the junction ribs or flanges A, B, (Figure 8) their
solidity will be ensured.
For Ibars of medium size the upper and lower flanges will be directly obtained
by the ribs being formed in the same piece as the truss work by rolling. For
large sizes however the flat top and bottom plate will be attached to the ribs by
rivetting, as indicated in Figure 9. and this will allow the width and thickness of
the plates or flanges to be varied as may be required by increasing the number of
sheets or plates and by modifying their proportions.

page_text: If a tubular girder with several internal webs (ames) is required (Figure 10) it
would be produced in like manner by placing the requisite number of webs (ames)
between the plates or flanges, and by superimposing the same if necessary, as above
stated, for attaining the desired size.
It is also evident that by crossing or breaking the joints of the plates or flanges
on those of the trussed girder, girders of any length may be produced, and that by
giving to the said plates or flanges in the centre of the girder the swelling in cross
section determined by calculation, it will be sufficient to place thereon the number
of plates deemed necessary.
For making plates or bars perforated while hot, the finishing rolls or cylinders
are provided with projections of the form of the required perforations, which
projections are either raised on the body of the cylinders, or produced by steel
punches with cone shaped ends fitted into one or both the rolls or cylinders. The
sheets, bars, angle irons, and the like perforated while hot in this way can be used
in building and in boiler making for receiving the connecting rivets in their
perforations.
The advantage offered by my method is that it allows of the economical
production of bars, plates, and sheets for metal trussed girders or beams, which
whether open or panelled utilize the metal better with regard to uniformity of
weight, as the criticisms on girders or beams by eminent engineers of various
countries are based on the following observations: The flexures of trussed girders
or beams for an equal quantity of the material employed are much greater than
those of well made solid sided girders." This evil has no other cause than the
want of solidity of the crossed and rivetted bars which constitute the trussed
girder, and of its attachment to the plates or flanges; in fact this solidity cannot
be absolute; the rivetted joints under the influence of a load soon become loose to
a certain extent, which consequently increases the flexures. Furthermore, the bars
of the truss work really only resist in proportion to the number of fibres corre-
sponding to the section of the rivets. By my method of manufacture this is not
the case, the bars of the truss work being joined to the plates or flanges by their
entire sectional area as they are rolled from the same piece, not having any rivet
holes, which render ineffective all the longitudinal fibres corresponding therewith;
the whole of the metal is operative in its sectional area there is nothing further to
fear, neither the shearing of the rivets nor of their working loose in their holes.
nor what may be termed "hinging" at the joints, which are the only causes
the greater flexures of latticed or trussed girders or beams and truss bridges."
My method also effects a considerable saving of metal by the non-superposition
of the bars at the points of intersection or crossing of the truss work, and at the
joints with the plates or flanges thereof.
of
I arrange my system of iron truss work with a constant distance between the
centres of the alveoles" or cells, whatever may be the width and form employed.
In this manner the number of the alveoles" or cells may increase in the width
<
while remaining the same for equal lengths.
This arrangement allows of the preparation of the parts or pieces beforehand,
which can then be put together, so as to build up any metal work constructed
with my plates or bars.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Just Larue in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 3rd April 1882.
JUST LARUE, of 17, Boulevard Saint-Martin, Paris, France, Engineer. A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING (BY HOT ROLLING IRON OR STEEL)
PLATES, BARS, GIRDERS, BEAMS, AND THE LIKE, AND THE NEW APPLICATION IN
SUCH MANUFACTURE OF SPECIALLY PREPARED ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR THAT
PURPOSE."
My Invention relates to a new or improved method of manufacturing (by hot
rolling iron or steel), the articles hereinafter mentioned, and the new application
in such manufacture of specially prepared rollers or cylinders for the purpose.
1. All forms or types of truss work, lattice girders, and half lattice girders,
hitherto made by using iron or steel bars connected to each other by rivetting.
2. A new class of mixed forms which I term panelled truss work, and panelled
lattice girders or beams.
3. Sheets, plates, and bars perforated whilst hot by rolling, superseding those
perforated when cold by the ordinary methods.
For obtaining truss work, lattice girders, and the like, according to my Invention,
I cut or engrave one or both of the finishing rolls or cylinders with grooves or
channels, either oblique to or parallel with the axis of such rolls or cylinders, the
outline, depth and direction of these grooves or channels being determined
according to the kind of truss required.
Heretofore the rolls or cylinders of rolling mills have been grooved or
channelled in the lathe, consequently in the direction of their circumference, but
the hardness of the rolling surfaces has hitherto prevented their being made with
grooves or channels parallel with or oblique to their axes.
In the practical manufacture of my rolling cylinders I can use for cutting the
grooves or channels either a screw cutting lathe, milling machinery, planing
machinery, or other machine tools, such as emery wheels and the like; if necessary
the rolls or cylinders may be cast, and receive_in_the_casting_the-requisite-grooves-
or channels according to the type or pattern to be produced.
By using rolls or cylinders thus prepared I am enabled to manufacture either
truss work having isosceles triangles between the flanges of the girder or beam
(Fig. 1), and those with scalene triangles of all kinds (Figs. 2 and 3), or truss
work on Town's system, having one or several meshes or reticulations formed by
the crossing of the bars, which obliquely connect the upper and lower flanges of
the girder or beam (Fig. 4).
The bars forming the truss work or lattice work of whatever pattern or type,
may have the outline either of the plates or bars so frequently used, or an outline
imparting greater rigidity by projecting ribs, on one or on each face of the bars of
the truss or lattice work, and it will be sufficient for producing the same to engrave
the desired outline or shape upon one or both the finishing rolls or cylinders.
By making the grooves or channels of a suitable outline only in the direction of
the axis of the rolls or cylinders vertical stays will be produced, which will form
between the flanges of the girder or beam I shaped bars, squares or panels
having a very slight body or web (ame) between the stays (Fig. 5).
If cross bars be added between these stays, a type, or Paxton's or pattern
of shape will be produced (Fig. 6).
In lattice girders with obliquely crossed bars vertical stays may be produced at
the same time, thereby maintaining the flanges of such a girder at their normal
distance from each other, when a load is placed upon the same (Fig. 7).

page_text: By engraving the rolls or cylinders with suitable designs, the flanges may also
be connected together by ornamental work which will effect, as nearly as possible,
the theoretical conditions of resistance of the above mentioned types.
I must here remark that the metal prepared by the roughing rolls or cylinders
in the various shapes required, such as in bars of I, T,,:
form, and in
sheets, will be trussed or latticed by the engraved finishing rolls or cylinders, but
they will be what I term panelled truss work and panelled lattice work, for the
metal, strongly compressed between the ribs which form the truss work. remains
in the form of panels of thin sheet metal between these ribs, so that my method.
thus originates a new class of mixed forms or patterns which should be termed
panelled truss work and panelled lattice work, while the ordinary trellis will be
termed open truss work and open lattice work.
To manufacture open truss work or lattice work by my method, it will be sufficient
to clear away or punch out while hot, or when cold, their thin panels either by an
automatic punching machine or by a stamping mill, one pair of rolls or cylinders
of which must be provided with projections, studs, or punches corresponding to the
truss work or lattice work to be cleared or opened, so as to enable them to drive
out the thin panels from the reticulations or meshes of the truss work or lattice
work, that pair of the punching rolls or cylinders being connected with the
engraved and finishing rolls and receiving from them the bars while hot.
Now according to my Invention truss work lattice girders of considerable
dimensions can be produced by means of the apparatus at present in use in iron
works by simply modifying the rolls or cylinders, by engraving them with grooves
or channels arranged as above indicated by more powerful and special apparatus
larger pieces can be produced from which girders or beams of greater size can be
constructed, but under the present conditions large girders or beams can he
constructed by superimposing trussed pieces until the required size be attained,
and by well rivetting the same at the junction ribs or flanges A, B, (Figure 8) their
solidity will be ensured.
For bars of medium size the upper and lower flanges will be directly obtained
by the ribs being formed in the same piece as the truss work by rolling for large
sizes however the flat top and bottom plates will be attached to the ribs by
rivetting as indicated in Fig. 9. and this will allow the width and thickness of
the plates or flanges to be varied as may be required. by increasing the number of
sheets or plates, and by modifying their proportions. If a tubular girder with
several internal webs (ames) be required (Fig. 10), it would be produced in like
manner by placing the requisite number of webs between the plates or flanges.
and by superimposing the same if necessary, as above stated, for attaining the
desired size.
It is also evident that by crossing or breaking the joints of the plates or flanges
on those of the trussed girder, girders of any length may be produced. and that by
giving to the said plates or flanges in the centre of the girder the swelling in cross
section determined by calculation, it will be sufficient to place thereon the number
of plates deemed necessary.
For making plates or bars perforated while hot, the furnishing rolls or cylinders
are provided with projections of the form of the required perforations, which pro-
jections are either raised on the body of the cylinders or produced by steel punches
with cone-shaped ends fitted into one or both the rolls or cylinders; the sheets,
bars, angle irons, and the like perforated while hot in this way can be used in
building and in boiler making for receiving the connecting rivets in their
perforations.
The advantage offered by my method is that it allows of the economical pro-
duction of bars, plates, and sheets for metal trussed and latticed girders or beams,
which whether open or panelled utilize better the metal with regard to uniformity
of weight, as the criticisms on girders or beams by eminent engineers of various
countries are based on the following observations; "The flexures of trussed
girders or beams for an equal quantity of the material employed are much greater

page_text: than those of well made solid sided girders." this evil has no other cause than the
want of solidity of the crossed and rivetted bars which constitute the trussed or
latticed girders, and of its attachments to the plates or flanges, in fact this solidity
cannot be absolute, the rivetted joints under the influence of a load soon become
loose to a certain extent, which consequently increases the flexures; furthermore,
the bars of the truss or lattice work really only resist in proportion to the number
of fibres corresponding to the section of the rivets. By my method of manufacture
this is not the case, the bars of the truss or lattice work being joined to the plates
or flanges by their entire sectional area as they are rolled from the same piece: not
having any rivet holes which render ineffective all the longitudinal fibres corre-
sponding therewith, the whole of the metal is operative in its sectional area, there
is nothing further to fear, neither the shearing of the rivets nor of their working
loose in their holes, nor what may be termed hinging" at the joints, which are
the only causes of the greater flexures of latticed or trussed girders or beams and
truss bridges.
My method also effects a considerable saving of metal by the non superposition
of the bars at the points of intersection or crossing of the truss work, and at the
joints with the plates or flanges thereof.
12
1 further arrange my system of iron truss work or lattice work with a constant
distance between the centres of the alveoles" or cells whatever may be the width
and form employed in this manner the number of the "alveoles or cells may
increase in the width while remaining the same for equal lengths: this arrange-
ment allows of the preparation before hand of the connecting parts or pieces, such
as angle irons, plates, brackets, and the like, which can then be put together so as
to build up any metal work or structures constructed with my rolled plates
or bars.
Figures 11, 12, and 13 shew portions of types or patterns of my panelled lattice
girders or beams in solid work; and Figures 11, 12, and 13 the same types or
patterns, but in open work, both being made according to my method of manu-
facture by hot rolling, and by employing one or two engraved rolls or cylinders,
thus constituting either single or double faced panelled lattice bars or plates.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed. I declare that I claim.--
First. The new or improved method of manufacturing plates. bars. girders.
beams, and the like by hot rolling iron or steel, substantially as herein described.
Second.-The-application-in-the-manufacture herein described, of finishing rolls
or cylinders, cut, engraved. or cast with suitable designs either oblique to or
parallel with the axis of such rolls or cylinders, substantially as herein described.
and for the purposes set forth.
Third. Arranging trussed or latticed iron work, made according to my method,
with a constant distance between the centres of the "alveoles" or cells, whereby
the number of such cells may increase in the width while remaining the same for
equal lengths, thus allowing of the preparation beforehand of connecting parts or
pieces to be afterwards put together to build up any metal work or structures,
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Just Larue, have hereunto set my hand and
1000