Improvements in Double Story Passenger Uarriages.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 7th Aug., 1903-Accepted, 20th Oct., 1900
Improvements in Double Story Passenger Uarriages.
I, LEONARD JENNETT TODD, of 97, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates partly to various improvements in the kind of double
story passenger carriage described in my Specification, No. 11,498, of the year
1884.
These double-ended, horse drawn carriages therein described, have been found
impracticable, as the extra weight, and extra resistance to wind and traction,
and the extra cost, all combined to place such carriages beyond the capabilities
of animal propulsion. But these hitherto fatal objections, I now remove by
means of an improved mechanical traction, and by means of the other improve-
ments described below.
In constructing a double story carriage according to my present invention, I
Arst prepare a main frame of any desired length. This may be carried on four
wheels; or on a six wheeled flexible base; or again, on a pair of suitable bogies.
The body of the lower story of the carriage, I construct with a longitudinal
clerestory roof, over which, on the upper story. I place longitudinal seats, with
their backs together along the center of the car. Then the division between
the backs of these seats is carried up, and then turned outwards over each seat,
at a convenient height for sitting under, and of such a width as will not interfere
with the gangway in front of the seats; while the ends of the seats are closed
with a protection the same width as these roofs.
The clerestory roof of the inside of the carriage, I construct with main spans
of a suitable section of iron or steel, and then on top of these metal spans I erect
the framework of the double shelter in sections of iron or steel, which rise up
between the hacks of the shelter seats, and then branch overhead on each side:
and to this metal frame work, the parts which are of wood are fixed.
The ends of the outside shelter, and also the back of the shelter between the
seats, I either construct of solid wood work, or fit with glass windows, in order
not to obstruct the passengers's view around.
The upper seats, if short, are reached from the lower platform by a single
staircase at each end of the car. But if the seats are long, I place a separate
staircase or ladder, to each of the gangways of the outer longitudinal seats: that
is, two ladders at each end of the car, where the passengers enter or leave.
I form the entrance to each gangway of the shelter seats with doors, which
in bad weather can be closed, at what happens for the time being to be the front
of the car, so as to protect the passengers from the weather.
The seat space between the two ends of the shelter seats, if of much length, I
divide into one or more portions, by means of divisions which are as wide as the
shelter roofs, in order to further protect the passengers from draughts.
In certain cases I form the seats of the outside shelters with hinges or joints,
so that, when not occupied, they can be turned or folded up against the back
of the shelter during wet weather,

page_text: The inside of the advertisement board, which surrounds the gangway of the
outside shelter seats, I form with hinged or sliding or hanging aprons, fixed to
this board, or adjacent support, in suitable lengths: which during wet weather,
can be turned over the passengers's knees to protect them from the rain.
From the top of the outside shelter roof. I cause one or more trolley standards
to project, by means of which an electric current is taken from overhead wires,
in order to propel the car through conductors communicating with one or more
motors, attached to one or more of the axles of the carriage. Or an electric cur-
rent may be taken from electric mains laid in the roadway, or from storage
battories carried on board, and used to propel the carriage by means of conduc-
tors communicating the current to a motor or motors, on one or more of the
axles of the car.
When two trolley standards are used, and it is desired to place these near the
outsides of the car, I then construct a bracket on top of the shelter, which pro-
jects over each gangway at a sufficient height to allow passengers walking below
it, and then on top of this projecting double bracket, I fix the trolley stundards
where desired.
If the car is single ended, that is, made with permanent front and rear ends,
Eo as to always run in one direction; I then form the front end of the outside
shelter the entire width of the carriage, and as high as the roof of the shelter,
so as to protect the passengers as much as possible. And when a separate ladder
is used at the rear, in order to reach each of the upper side gangways from the
lower platform, I then form an entrance from the roadway to this lower platform
at the rear of the car, between these two staircase ladders.
On the level of the floor of the upper story outside shelter seats, and at ench
extreme outer end of the ear. I place a seat, or stand, or cabin, for the motor
man, from which he can obtain a clear view of the traffic, and from which posi
tion, by means of suitable handles, he can control the motion of the car. And
when double staircases are used for obtaining access to the upper shelter seats,
this stand of the motor man, is placed in the center between them.
Dated this Ninth day of November 1899.
LEONARD J. TODD.
Improvements in Double Story Passenger Carriages.
I, LEONARD JENNETT TODD, of 25, Brooke Road. Stoke Newington, in the
County of London, Engineer, and late of 97, Queen Victoria Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to he particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement; -
This invention relates partly to various improvements in the kind of double
story passenger carriage described in my Specification, No. 11,498, of the year
1884.
These double-ended horse-drawn carriages therein described, have been found
impracticable, as the extra weight, and extra resistance to wind and traction,
and the extra cost, all combined to place such carriages beyond the capabilities
of animal propulsion. But these hitherto fatal objections, I now remove by
means of an improved mechanical traction, and by means of the other various
improvements described below.
In constructing a double story carriage according to my present invention, I
first prepare a main frame of any desired length. This may be carried on four
wheels; or on a six wheeled flexible base; or again, on a pair of suitable bogies.

page_text: The body of the lower story of the carriage, I construct with a longitudinal
clerestory roof, over which, on the upper story, I place longitudinal seats, with
their backs together along the center of the car. Then the division between
the backs of these seats is carried up, and then turned outwards over each seat,
at a convenient height for sitting under, and of such a width as will not interfere
with the gangway in front of the seats; while the ends of the seats are closed
with a protection the same width as these roofs.
The clerestory 100f of the inside of the carriage, I construct with main spans
of a suitable section of iron or steel, and then on top of these metal spans I erect
the framework of the double shelter in sections of iron or steel, which rise up
between the backs of the shelter seats, and then branch overhead on each side;
and to this metal frame work, the parts which are of wood are fixed.
The ends of the outside shelter, and also the back of the shelter between the
scats, I either construct of solid wood work, or fit with glass windows, in order
not to obstruct the passengers view around.
The upper seats, if short, are reached from the lower platform by a single
staircase at each end of the car. But if the seats are long, I place a separate
staircase or ladder, to each of the gaugways of the outer longitudinal seats; that
is, two ladders at each end of the car, where the passengers enter or leave.
I form the entrance to each gangway of the shelter seats with doors, which
in bad weather can be closed, at what happens for the time being to be the front
of the car, so as to protect the passengers from the weather.
The seat space between the two ends of the shelter seats, if of much length, I
divide into one or more portions, by means of divisions which are as wide as the
shelter roofs, in order to further protect the passengers from draughts.
In certain cases I form the seats of the outside shelters with hinges or joints,
so that, when not occupied, they can be turned or folded up against the back
of the shelter during wet weather.
The inside of the advertisement board, which surrounds the gangway of the
outside shelter seats, 1 form with hinged or sliding or hanging aprons, fixed to
this board, or adjacent support, in suitable lengths: which during wet weather,
can be turned over the passengers's knees to protect them from the rain.
From the top of the outside shelter roof, I cause one or more trolley standards
to project, by means of which an electric current is taken from overhead wires,
in order to propel the car through conductors communicating with one or more
motors, attached to one or more of the axles of the carriage. Or an electric cur-
rent may be taken from electric mains luid in the roadway, or from storage
batteries carried on board, and used to propel the carriage by means of conduc-
tors communicating the current to a motor or motors, on one or more of the
axles of the car.
When two trolley standards are used and it is desired to place these near the
outsides of the car, I then construct a bracket on top of the shelter, which pro-
jects over the gangway at a sufficient height to allow passengers walking below
it, and then on top of this projecting double bracket, I fix the trolley standards
where desired.
If the car is single ended, that is, made with permanent front and rear ends,
so as to always run in one direction, I then form the front end of the outside
shelter the entire width of the carriage, and as high as the roof of the shelter,
so as to protect the passengers as much as possible. And when a separate ladder
is used at the rear, in order to reach each of the upper side gangways from the
lower platform, I then form an entrance from the roadway to this lower platform
at the rear of the car, between these two staircase ladders.
On the level of the floor of the upper story outside shelter seats, and at each
extreme outer end of the car, I place a seat, or stand, or cabin, for the motor
man, from which he can obtain a clear view of the traffic, and from which posi-
tion, by means of suitable handles, he can control the motion of the car. And

page_text: when double staircases are used for obtaining access to the upper shelter seats,
this stand of the motor man, is placed in the center hetween them.
In order that this my invention may be better and more clearly understood.
1 have attached to it three sheets of explanatory drawings, numbered respec-
vely, Sheet 1, Sheet 2, and Sheet 3.
Sheet 1 of these drawings shows a general outside view of my improved out-
side shelter carriage, and which is numbered Figure 1. On this will be seen a
longitudinal side view of the shelter, and also of the trolley standard on the top
of the same and it also shows the brake handles, at each extreme end of the
upper platforms.
:
Sheet 2. shows two plan views of the outside shelter carriage. The view
marked Figure 2 shows the upper deck or floor; and on this will be seen the
outside shelter seats. which are divided into two lengths or portions by the divi-
sion between them in the center. It also shows the position of the driver's seat
on the upper deck, which is portable, and can be removed from end to end as
required. The position of the brake wheel and of the controller is also shown
within easy reach of the driver while over his position may also be placed a
portable or other roof, for use when required. And the gates at the end of the
gangway leading to the shelter seats. are also shown in their respective places.
Sheet 3. shows two sectional elevations of the outside shelter carriage, marked
respectively, Figure 4 and Figure 5. On Figure 4 is shown a section of the
shelters over the outside seats, with the trolley standard fixed on the top. It
also shows the metal sections for supporting the roof of the lower carriage: and
also the lighter metal sections, fixed to these. for supporting the outside shelter;
and also the brake-wheel worked from the driver's position on the upper floor.
Sheet 3 also shows Figure 5, which illustrates a section of the outside shelter
car, as before described. On top of the shelter, however, is shown a narrow
bracket projecting over each side of the shelfer over the gangways, at a suflicient
height to allow passengers walking below it, and on the top of this projecting
double bracket, it will be seen that two separate trolley standards are fixed;
and that this overhead bracket forms a protection from falling wires.
Longitudinal outside shelter seats offer many advantages over the ordinary
exposed garden seats, and which may be briefly stated as follows:
First. On electric overhead tramways, the outside shelter forms a considerable
amount of protection from the trolley pole and electric wires.
Second. The higher speed electric car produces such a strong draught, that
many passengers will not sit outside on exposed garden seats, unless the weather
should be exceptionally pleasant and favourable; and therefore on such cars
the outside shelter is exceedingly useful in protecting from cold, damn, rain and
draught, and also to some considerable extent, from excessive sunshine.
Third. The outside shelter seats can be placed a foot lower than is possible
with garden seats, and as with them the weight of the passengers is confined to
the center of the car, the outside shelter car will be seen to be much safer from
oversetting on a narrow gauge track, than a double-deck garden seat car.
Fourth. Outside shelter seats on overhead electric tramways are so much safer
and more pleasant and comfortable than the usual exposed garden seats, that
they will always he well patronised, even in unpleasant weather; and hence will
enable the shelter car to earn a much larger sum per annum, than is possible
with the ordinary unprotected double-deck garden seat car.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
(1) A double story passenger carriage having shelter roofs to outside longi-
tudinal seats as described or illustrated, and having one or more electric trolley
standards carried from the fop of the outside shelter for collecting an electric
current for moving the carriage,

page_text: (2) A doublo story passenger carriage having shelter roofs to outside longi-
tudinal sents as described or illustrated, and fitted with apparatus for collecting
an electric current from an overhead conductor for moving the carriage.
(3) A double story passenger carriage having shelter 100fs to outside longi-
tudinal seats as described or illustrated, and having the controlling handles placed
on the level of the upper floor.
(4) A double story passenger carriage having shelter roofs to outside longi-
tudinal seats as described or illustrated, and having the shelter seats divided
into compartments by divisions.
(5) A double story passenger carriage having shelter roofs to outside longi-
tudinal seats as described or illustrated, and having a door fitted to an end of
a gangway communicating with the shelter seats.
(6) A double story passenger carriage having shelter roofs to outside longi-
tudinal seats as described or illustrated, and having the frume of the lower main
roof and the frame of the outside shelters formed of metal sections which carry the
adjacent woodwork.
(7) A double story passenger carriage having shelter roofs to outside longi-
tudinal seats as described or illustrated, and having two ladders or staircases to
the upper seats at the same end of the carriage.
(S) A single ended double story passenger carriage having shelter roofs to out-
side longitudinal seats as described or illustrated, and having each front end of
the gangways leading to the shelter seats closed by a partition the entire width
of the carriage.
11
5
1
1000