Improvements in or relating to Type Setting and Justifying Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1897-Accepted, 21st Aug., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Type Setting and Justifying Machines.
A communication from TH: JOHNSON TYPESETTER COMPANY, of Portland, Maine,
United States of America.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 111 Hatton Garden in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention is a machine for setting and justifying lines of type and assembling
the lines in a galley. The machine comprises two distinct mechanisms which are
susceptible of being used independently if desired. In the first mechanism type
and temporary word spaces are selected from a magazine and assembled into lines,
which lines are unjustified, being only approximately the desired length or measure.
The second mechanism receives the unjustified lines, measures them to ascertain the
correct width of the word spaces necessary to justify the lines, prepares the word
spaces, and inserts them in the lines, in lieu of the temporary spaces, thus justifying
the lines, and finally deposits the justified lines in the galley. The first mechanism
may be terined the "type assembling mechanism" and the second mechanism the
"justifying mechanism."
TYPE ASSEMBLING MECHANISM.
The assembling mechanism, as shown, occupies the right half of the machine. In
it there is a magazine having channels for the type and temporary spaces. The
lower case type are arranged in alternate channels and adjacent to each lower case
channel is a channel for the corresponding upper case type. The machine is
furnished with a key-board quite similar to that of an ordinary type writer. The
keys normally select lower case type and set in motion mechanism which pushes the
selected type from the magazine on to type ways in front of the magazine. A
shifting device, operated by an upper case or "cap" key, causes the same keys to
select upper case type. Each time a type is delivered on to the ways a type carrier
which reciprocrates along the ways conveys the type to the place where the type are
assembled into lines at the left end of the ways, which place may be termed the
"stick." The connections between the key-board and the magazine consist mainly
of key levers extending to the rear of the machine, vertical push rods which are
raised by the key levers, and type ejecting plungers which are brought into
engagement with a common reciprocating bar by means of the push rods.
reciprocating bar is operated by power and it carries the selected type ejectors
forward to eject the type and then rearward to their normal positions. The
key touch is very light as the operator is only required to select the type, the
machine automatically performing the work of ejecting the type and carrying it to
the stick. These latter movements are imparted from an escape shaft which is
normally at rest but which is coupled to a constantly running shaft during a single
revolution each time a key is depressed. Two or more type may be selected at one
The
The
The assembling mechanism, as shown, occupies the right half of the machine. In
it there is a magazine having channels for the type and temporary spaces.
lower case type are arranged in alternate channels and adjacent to each lower case
channel is a channel for the corresponding upper case type. The machine is
furnished with a key-board quite similar to that of an ordinary type writer. The
keys normally select lower case type and set in motion mechanism which pushes the
selected type from the magazine on to type ways in front of the magazine. A
shifting device, operated by an upper case or "cap" key, causes the same keys to
select upper case type. Each time a type is delivered on to the ways a type carrier
which reciprocrates along the ways conveys the type to the place where the type are
assembled into lines at the left end of the ways, which place may be termed the
"stick." The connections between the key-board and the magazine consist mainly
of key levers extending to the rear of the machine, vertical push rods which are
raised by the key levers, and type ejecting plungers which are brought into
engagement with a common reciprocating bar by means of the push rods. The
reciprocating bar is operated by power and it carries the selected type ejectors
forward to eject the type and then rearward to their normal positions.
key touch is very light as the operator is only required to select the type, the
machine automatically performing the work of ejecting the type and carrying it to
the stick. These latter movements are imparted from an escape shaft which is
normally at rest but which is coupled to a constantly running shaft during a single
revolution each time a key is depressed. Two or inore type may be selected at one
The

page_text: time when the letters are arranged in proper sequence in the magazine. When one
or more keys are depressed it is necessary that the escape shaft should complete
its revolution and restore the parts to their normal positions before additional keys
are depressed. This is ensured by proper interlocking mechanism which compels the
operator to push down simultaneously all the keys selected at one time, and which
prevents the operation of other keys until after the escape shaft has completed its
movement and the selected type have been carried to the stick. These interlocking
devices are to insure safety and exactness in the operation of the machine, but they
do not prevent the rapid assembling of the type for the reason that the escape shaft
revolves very quickly. The temporary spaces are preferably contained in the
left hand channel of the magazine. They are slightly longer than the type and when
assembled both ends project beyond the type in the line. This type assembling
mechanism will be described in detail hereinafter.
The justifying mechanism automatically removes the temporary spaces and cuts
justifying spaces from strips or bars of type metal, herein termed "space timber,
and inserts these justifying spaces between the words of the lines in lieu of the
temporary spaces. The assembled line is first moved bodily from the "stick" of the
assembling mechanism on to the type ways of the justifying mechanism and then
clamped between an abutment and a movable measuring head. The position
assumed by the measuring head is determined by the amount of matter in the
line. This head is connected by a justifying lever with a gage which determines the
width of the final or justifying spaces. One end of the lever being pivoted to
the gage and the other end in contact with a knife edge which moves with the head.
Along the lever are a series of fulcrums which are normally inoperative, one fulcrum
being at the middle of the lever, the next at 1/3 its length from the gage, the next
1/4 its length, from the gage, etc. If there is one word space in the line the middle
fulcrum will be rendered operative and the gage will be moved the same distance as
the measuring head, and the entire amount needed to justify the line will be supplied
in a single space. If there are two word spaces in the line the second fulcrum will
be rendered operative and the gage will be moved only 1/2 as much as the head, thus
dividing the space to be filled into two parts, and so on. To simplify the drawings,
only four fulcra are illustrated, but it will be understood that any desired number
may be used.
The gage is set once for each line and locked in place while the line is being
justified. After the gage is locked, the abutment is withdrawn and the line is moved
along the ways to the left through the respacing mechanism proper. Each time the
projecting ends of the temporary space engage this mechanism the line is stopped
temporarily and parted, the portion to the right of the temporary space being moved
backwards, a piece of space timber is moved against the gage and a justifying space
cut from the end and inserted into the opening in the line, and simultaneously the
temporary space is removed. The line then moves forward to the left and these
operations are repeated each time a temporary space is presented to the respacing
mechanism. After the last temporary space in the line has been replaced by a
justifying space, the line is carried automatically to the left into position opposite a
galley into which it is automatically moved before the commencement of the
respacing of the next succeeding line. The assembling mechanism and the justifying
mechanism are practically independent. As soon as the line is assembled a line key
is touched which sets the justifying mechanism in operation and the assembled line
is immediately moved from the assembling stick into the justifier. The operator
may then proceed at once with the succeeding line. Provision is made for making
corrections in the line before it is justified and if desired the entire line may be
removed, or one or more lines of hand set type may be inserted into the stick and
transferred to the justifier. It is thus easy to supply odd type or characters which

page_text: cannot be conveniently carried in the magazine. The lines may be deposited in
the galleys either solid or leaded, an automatic leading device being provided.
The invention will now be described in detail, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the machine.
-
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the key board, on line a-a Fig. 10, illustrating
the connections between the keys and the type ejectors.
Fig. 3 is a perspective skeleton view of the means for selecting and assembling
type, including the interlocking devices and the escape shaft.
Fig. 4 is a detail of the device for shifting from upper to lower case type.
Fig. 5 is a right hand end view of the machine.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the magazine illustrating the operation of loading
a channel with type.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section through the magazine.
Fig. 8 is a rear view of the hinge and latch of the upper section of the
magazine.
Fig. 9 is a perspective skeleton view of part of the type assembling mechanisın
and part of the justifying mechanism.
Fig. 10 is a plan view of the left end of the machine showing all of the justifying
mechanism and a portion of the assembling mechanism, the magazine being in
section.
Fig. 11 is a front view of the middle portion of the machine.
Fig. 12 is a rear view of the left end of the machine illustrating the
timber magazine and other parts of the justifying mechanism, and part of the
assembling mechanism.
Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional view looking to the right from line b-b', Fig. 10.
Fig. 14 is an enlarged detail in section, on line c-c Figs. 10 and 15, of the
mechanism for transferring lines from the stick to the justifier, and also
illustrating the means for inspecting and correcting the type.
Fig. 15 is a detailed view in plan of the justifying lever, the gage, the timber, and
associated devices.
Fig. 16 is a plan view of the mechanism below the base plate, parts being shown in
section on the line d-d, Figs. 17 and 18.
Fig. 17 is a left end elevation of the machine, parts being broken away.
Fig. 18 is a vertical section taken approximately on the lines 'b', Fig. 10.
Fig. 19 is an enlarged end elevation, partly in section, on line e-e, Fig. 10,
showing the mechanism for depositing lines in the galley.
Fig. 20 is a view partly in section on line f-f, Fig. 10. illustrating the means for
conveying the type through the justifying mechanisın.
Fig. 21 is a view, partly in section on line g-g, Fig. 10, illustrating the operation
of the timber feeding mechanism, the knife, the brush for cleaning the knife, and
associated parts.
Fig. 22 is a detail of the clutch for setting the escape shaft in motion, and
Fig. 23 is a sectional view illustrating the manner of assembliug type on the
stick.
The various working parts of the machine are mounted upon a suitable base
plate B. Below the base plate is a hanger B₁ provided with several depending
bearings in which the main movement shafts are hung. Power is applied to the
machine by means of a drive pulley H and belt. From the pulley H is a second belt i
extends to a pulley I upon the shaft which drives the type assembling mechanism.
The pulleys H and I are constantly rotated during the operation of the machine.
The inain drive pulley H is on a shaft D and power is communicated from this shaft
through reducing gears k, K, to the main shaft E. This shaft extends across the
machine, being divided in the middle and connected through two cranks and a
common crank pin, for a purpose which will be explained hereinafter. An intermittent
movement shaft Fhas power communicated to it from the shaft Ethrough gears 166, 166*
aud a clutch L. Supported upon the base plate B is a box or frame A in which the

page_text: key levers are mounted, and standards or brackets A1, A2, A3, A', upon which most of
the parts of the assembling or justifying mechanism are mounted.
ASSEMBLING MECHANISM.
The assembling mechanism is controlled from a bank of keys 1 connected to key
levers 2 which are fulcrummed in a support 3 in a box A which rests on the bed
plate B.
Above the rear ends of the key levers is a universal bar 4 which is guided
at its ends in grooves in key box A. The universal bar is connected by rods 5 with
elbow levers 6 on a rock shaft 7. (Figs. 2 and 3).
The rear ends of the key levers are provided with locking shoulders 8 in the rear
of which is a pivoted locking bar 9 extending across the entire series of key levers.
The bar 9 is pivoted at its lower edge and provided at its upper edge with a flange 10.
The upper edge of the bar is connected by means of hars 11 with arms of the elbow
levers 6. The keys are normally raised by means of counter weights 12 on their rear
ends. Pins 13 near the rear ends of the levers operate through elbow levers 14 to
raise two part push rods 15, 15" which bring the type ejectors 16 into operation, as
will be herein after described. The lower portion 15 of the push rods are vertically
arranged in slotted guides 17, 18, and the upper portions 15 move in slotted guides
18, 19. The sections 15ª are normally drawn forward and downward by springs 20.
At their upper ends they stand normally under the rear ends of the lower case type
ejectors and they are provided with notches 21 which engage with a ledge 22 and
temporarily lock then in a raised position when they are elevated.
The type t are arranged on their edges, nicks up, in suitable channels m in a
magazine M. The lower case type are held in alternate channels and the upper case
type are held in the channels adjacent to their respective lower case type. There is
a type ejector 16 for each type channel, which ejectors are arranged to slide in a
slotted keeper 23 at the rear of the magazine.
•
The upper and lower case letters are represented by a single set of keys and key
levers and a corresponding set of push-rods 15. The upper sections 15 of the push-
rods are movable laterally at their upper ends so that they can be shifted from their
normal position under the lower case ejectors to a position under the upper case
ejectors. The slots 24 in the upper guide 19 permit the levers 15 to swing laterally
from the lower case to the upper case type ejectors. As these type ejectors are
spaced variably, depending upon the widths of the different type, the slots 24 are
correspondingly varied. Beneath the guide 19 is a slotted shifting bar 25 having
slots 26 which vary in width. The movement given to the shifting bar 25 is equal
to the greatest throw of any of the push rods 15ª and where the throw is required to
be less than the maximum the slots 26 are of greater width and the slots 24 of less
than the maximum width (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). A few of the characters are used in
both the upper and lower case and their corresponding push-rods 15ª are not shifted
with the others. The shifting bar 25 is operated by the upper arm of an elbow lever 27
which is connected to the cap key 29 through key lever 30 and connecting rod 31. A
depending leg 28 connected with the elbow lever 27 stands normally to the right
of a post 32 upon the universal bar 4, in which position it does not interfere
with the operation of the key levers and the bar. When the cap key is depressed
the leg 28 moves over the post 32 and assumes a position on the left of it when
the cap key is fully depressed. This device insures the push rods 15ª being wholly
under either the lower case or upper case type ejectors when the type levers are
operated. In other words, a type lever cannot be operated while the push rods are
being shifted. (Figs. 2 and 3). At the right end of the machine is a constantly
running shaft 33 and in line with it is an escape shaft 34 which is normally at
rest and which is connected with the running shaft 33 at intervals by means of a
clutch C.
Upon the end of shaft 33 is a crown ratchet wheel 407 and centrally pivoted on
the adjacent end of escape shaft 34 is a pawl 408 which seeks engagement with the
ratchet wheel but is normally held out of engagement by a cam surface 409 upon a

page_text: lever 410. When the lever is raised the pawl is freed and engages with the ratchet
wheel and the escape shaft immediately begins to revolve. As the escape shaft
revolves a cam 411 strikes an arm 412 of lever 410 and draws said lever down so that
at the termination of a single revolution the pawl is thrown out of engagement by
the cam 409 and the escape shaft permitted to stop. To insure the stoppage of the
shaft at the proper point an arm 413 attached to the shaft strikes against a stop 414
carried by the arm 410. The tripping artn 38 which raises the lever 410 is thrown
out of engagement with said lever by the cam 411 before the cam takes effect upon
the arm 412 to draw the lever down, as illustrated in Fig. 22.
When the clutch is operated the escape shaft 34 is connected with the running
shaft 33 and after making a single revolution is automatically disconnected, as
described. The clutch is tripped by the key levers through the universal bar 4, the
rock shaft 7, arm 35, levers 36, 37, and tripping arm 38. A crank 39 on the forward
end of the escape shaft reciprocates a rack 40 vertically (Figs. 3, 5 and 9). In mesh
with teeth upon the rear of the rack 40 is a pinion 41 upon a rock shaft 42 which is
connected by means of arms 43 and links 44 with a type ejector bar 45. (Figs. 2, 5,
and 9). The bar 45 has slotted end guides 46. In the lower face of the bar 45 is a
groove 47 which is undercut at its rear edge (Fig. 2). This groove stands normally
under the upturned rear ends 48 of the type ejectors, which ends have rearwardly
projecting lips 49. The type ejectors 16 are of spring metal permitting their rear
ends to be raised into engagement with the ejector bar by the push rods.
When a
key lever is depressed the pin 13 on its rear end operating upon a cam surface 13ª,
gives the bell crank 14 and the push-rods sufficient movement to raise the rear end
of the corresponding type ejector into engagement with the ejector bar. This
movement takes place during the first part of the movement of the type lever. In
continuing its movement to trip the escapement the pin 13 follows the curved
forward edge 14ª of the elbow lever 14 without imparting further movement to said
lever. This construction limits the upward movement of the push rods and insures
them being raised before the escapement shaft is set in motion. As soon as the
escape shaft starts the ejector bar begins to move forward and the lip 49 engages the
under cut portion of the groove, thus locking the ejector to the bar during its forward
movement. During its rearward movement the flange at the forward side of the
groove 47 engages the portion 48 of the ejector and draws it back to its normal
position. The extreme movement of the ejectors is limited by front and rear stop
bars 50 attached to the end guides 46 (Figs. 2 and 10).
The lower end of a safety stop lever 51 (Figs. 2 and 3) normally stands in front of
a post 52 upon the universal bar 4. The spring 53 tends to hold the lower end of
the lever directly over the post 52 and it is normally held in front of the post by the
engagement of the upper end of the lever with the bar 45, the latter being normally
in its rear position. Immediately after the escape shaft is set in motion the bar 45 is
moved forward, permitting the lower end of lever 51 to come against the post 52.
If the depressed key be released before the completion of the movement of the escape
shaft and the return of the ejector bar, the lower end of lever 51 will spring out and
stand over the post 52, thus preventing a second key from being operated until the
escape shaft has fully completed its movement for the preceding key. This prevents
any type ejector being raised into the path of the ejector bar excepting when the
latter is at rest in its rearward position.
The type are assembled upon ways 54-55 in front of the magazine and beneath
the rail or cap piece 56. They are carried along the ways to the "stick" or point of
assemblage by a pair of type carrier fingers 63 which are driven back and forth along
the ways by engagement with a driver 61 connected with a belt 57. The belt 57
passes several times around and is connected to a driving sheave 58 at the right hand
end of the type ways.
At the other end the belt passes around an idle sheave 59.
The sheave 58 is driven backward and forward by a train of multiplying gears 60,
one of which is in mesh with teeth on the rack bar 40. (Figs. 2, 3, 9 and 23).
The type fingers 63 are connected, forming a yoke, and on their inner faces are pins
which engage with grooves 64 in a guide bar 65 which is included between the

page_text: fingers. Upon the base of the type driver 61 there is a post 66 which engages with
a depending arm 67 upon the type finger yoke to insure the fingers being carried
backward. The fingers are moved positively forward and to the left by the
engagement of the arm 67 with a spring pawl 68. This pawl operates on the arm 67
while the type carrier fingers are passing the magazine. After they have passed
the magazine the arm 67 is raised out of engagement with the pawl 68 by inclined
or cam portions 69 of the groove 64 after which the arm 67 is engaged and held
yieldingly by a pair of spring plates 70 upon the driver. In assembling a line of
type the first type is carried by the fingers against a stop block 71, (Figs.
and 23)
which may be made adjustable for varying the length of the line.
The driver for the carrier fingers has a uniform amount of travel but the fingers
are permitted to slip from the spring clamp 70 and stop at any point along the
assemblage portion of the ways, being carried frictionally by the springs. As the
line is being assembled the carriers carry cach type into the line against the preceding
type and then stop, the arm 67 slipping through the springs 70 and permitting the
driver to pass on to the end of its travel. As the driver returns, the springs engage
the arın 67 and carry the type fingers back. The post 66 on the driver insures the
fingers always being carried back to the initial end of the ways.
The rear type carrier finger has a pin 72 which rides on a rail 73 having inclined
slots 74 which engage with pins upon the rear type way 55. The rail 73 is raised by
a longitudinal movement just before the type fingers start to the left, or forward,
thus bringing them above the type ways to engage with the ejected type, and they
are lowered as they retreat by a reverse movement of the rail. The rail is
reciprocated by an arm 75 on the rock shaft 76, which shaft is operated by a cam
lever 77 and a cam 78 on the escape shaft 34.
Above the type ways, and mounted on the front face of the rail 56, is a primary
nick guide 79. (Figs. 2 and 3). This nick guide is provided with inclined slots 80
which engage pins on the cap rail 50 and it is given a slight vertical movement by
reciprocating it longitudinally. The nick guide is moved by means of the link 81,
arm 82, rock shaft 83, cam lever 84, and a cam 85 on the escape shaft 34. (Figs. 2, 3
and 5). The movement of the nick guide is timed so that it rises before the type
is ejected and falls just before the type reaches its proper position on the ways. It
thus offers a slight frictional resistance to bring the type to rest and prevents them
from being carried too far forward by inertia. As a type reaches the desired position
ou the ways the guide drops into the forward nick and rests in this nick until the
type is carried to the stick or place of assemblage. The cap rail 56 is vertically
adjustable to adapt the opening between it and the ways for different sizes of type.
As shown, the rail is attached by means of thumb screws 56" passing through
slots 56 in the arms which support the rail. (Figs. 1, 10 and 13).
The primary nick guide 79 is located in front of the magazine. In line with this
nick guide and over the assemblage portion of the ways, at the left of the magazine,
is a nick guide 86 connected with a laterally movable angle bar 87. (Figs. 13 and 14).
The lower edge of the angle bar is normally in line with the lower face of the cap
rail 56. This angle bar is connected to a pair of racks 88 which slide in grooves in a
pair of blocks 89 which are fastened to the cap rail 56. The angle bar is therefore
vertically adjustable with the cap rail to accommodate different sizes of type. The
slides 88 are given a parallel movement by means of pinions 90 on a shaft 91. On
touching the starting key 92, after the line is assembled, a shaft 93 is rocked and an
arm 94 pushes rearward a rod 95, striking a lug 96 on a spring latch 97, which
releases a weighted slide 98. As the slide 98 drops a rack at its upper end, operating.
through pinion 99 and gear 100, draws back a rack 101.
On the forward end of
the rack 101 is a spring latch 102 between which latch and a pin 103 one of the
racks 88 is included. As the slide 101 is drawn back the two racks 88 are carried
with it and the assembled line of type is carried rearward by the transfer nick
guide 86 from the position shown in full lines in Fig. 14, to the position shown in
dotted lines over the type ways 104-105 of the justifying mechanism.
Over the justifyer type way 105 is a retaining nick guide 106 on the forward edge

page_text: of an angular plate 107 which is carried by slides 108 in the forward face of the
bracket A. These slides are given a vertical movement by means of arms 109 upon
a rock shaft. 110. The rock shaft is operated by an arm 111 and a link 112. Upon
the rear end of the link is a pivoted pawl 113 the rear end of which rests in a cam
notch 114 in the weighted slide 98 when the slide is in its uppermost position. The
rear end of the link 112 is hung upon a smaller link 115. (Fig. 14). As the
weighted slide 98 begins to fall, the cam notch 114 operates through the parts
mentioned and raises the retaining nick guide 106. As the slide continues down the
line of type is transferred to the justified type ways 104-105, the rear nicks going
under retaining nick guide 106. Just before the slide 98 reaches its lowest position
the pawl 113 drops into a notch 116, thus permitting the nick guide 106 to descend
and enter the rear nicks. The pawl 113 permits the raising of slide 98 without
raising the retaining nick guide. The upward movement of the slide 98 carries the
angle bar 87 and nick guide 86 forward. The nick guide 86, when in its rearward
position, is free to swing on its pivot and hence it readily raises itself from the nicks
in the type in beginning its forward movement, it being pivoted at its upper edge to
spring hinges 117 upon the angle bar 87. (Figs. 10 and 14). Before reaching its
forward position over the assembling type ways an arm 118 engages a lip 89ª on the
left hand block 89 and the guide is thus brought positively down into alignment with
the primary nick guide. The spring hinges 117 permit the guide 86 to yield in
case a type comes to it in such a position that the nick will not register with the
guide. This may happen when a type is inverted or upset upon the assembling type
ways.
Provision is made for the removal of a line from or insertion of a line into the
assemblage portion or stick of the type ways. It is sometimes desirable to correct
errors before the lines are justified and sometimes necessary to insert type or
characters which are not found in the magazine. To provide for such changes and
corrections, the type may be withdrawn from the stick on to a movable table termed
an inspecting stick 119. (Figs. 2, 10 and 14). The inspecting stick stands, normally,
as shown in Fig. 2, with its upper surface in the plane of the type ways. The type
are transferred to it by pushing the spring latch 102 to the left, which releases the
slides 88, and drawing the slides and the transfer nick guide 86 forward by means
of a suitable handle, such as the flange 120. This movement draws the assembled
type on to the inspecting stick 119. The nick guide is held in engagement with
the nicks by means of the arm 118 and lip 89ª above referred to. For convenience
of inspection, the temporary stick can be tipped to a suitable angle, as shown in
Fig. 14.
The forward edge of the stick is pivotally supported in arms 121 which are
connected by shaft 122 supported in brackets 123. The rear edge of the inspecting
stick is supported adjustably by a bracket 124 and screw 125. Beneath the stick 119
is an angular plate 126 which has a vertical flange at the rear end of the stick.
When the stick is pressed down the flange 127 forms a ledge which supports the
type and temporary spaces 8, the spaces having notches at their rear ends which the
flange enters. The arms 121 are then drawn forward and the angle plate 126 rides
over circular cam faces 128 on the brackets 123. The arms are prevented from
moving too far by pins 129 which engage the lower edges of the brackets. This
movement brings the stick into the position shown in Fig. 14, which is best adapted
for inspecting the type and making corrections. If desired, the stick may be removed
entirely and held in the hand like an ordinary printer's stick. After the desired
corrections have been made the stick is moved back into the position shown in Fig. 2
and the line then re-transferred into the type ways by pushing the transfer nick
guide back until the spring latch engages the slide 88.
Considerable importance is attached to the construction above described, which
permits of readily making changes or corrections in the lines as they are delivered
from the setting mechanism and before they are transferred to the justifying
mechanisın. If desired, lines which have been partly set by machine can be finished
by hand in order to insert characters with which the machine is not supplied, or
lines may be partially set by hand and finished in the machine. In some cases it may

page_text: be desired to insert one or more lines of italics or other type which may not be found
in the magazine. Such lines can be assembled by hand, of approximately the proper
length, and then placed in the machine and transferred to the justifying mechanism.
Corrections of any kind may also be made quickly at this point before the lines are
justified.
The left hand channel m¹ of the magazine contains the temporary spaces 8, which
are preferably constructed of steel and longer than the type so that they will project
beyond the type at both ends. The spaces are ejected by an ejector 16ª, operated
from space key 130 through rock shaft and connections shown in Fig. 2. Upon the
space ejector is a wedge cam 130 which operates a word counting rack 131 through
the medium of a roll 132, elbow 133 and pawl 134. The pawl stands normally out
of engagement with the teeth of the rack but when the space ejector is moved forward
it engages with the rack and moves it rearward. The pawl is normally held in the
forward position by the spring 135 (Fig. 9). As the rack 131 is fed rearward it is
retained by an angular pawl 136 having in its lower arm a pin 137 which rests 1
normally in a cam notch 138 in the line shifter slide 98. The rack 131, through
pinion 139, rotates a shaft 140 against the tension of a spring 141, which spring
returns the rack to it its norinal position when released.
For convenience in charging the magazine M, it is provided with a movable
portion M having channels which register with the channels of the magazine proper 1
when in its normal position, as shown in Fig. 7.
The section M¹ is connected to a
bracket 142 by means of suitable hinges 143; (Figs. 6, 7 and 8) and the bracket 142
is pivoted to the magazine M by a suitable pivot joint 144. The section M' is
fastened in its normal position by a latch 145. On raising the latch 145 the magazine
can be swung backward to the position shown in Fig. 5 against the bracket 142. The
bracket 142 may then be revolved on its pivot until the section M¹ reaches the
position shown in Fig. 6, which is nearly horizontal and a convenient position for
the insertion of a fresh supply of type. The type are temporarily sustained in the
magazine section M' by sliding pins 146. The type are stored in rectangular sheet
metal trays 147 consisting of a bottom, one side wall and one end wall.
The type
trays are approximately of the same length as the channels in the case M¹ and to load
one of the channels the end of the type tray is made to register with it and the type
will then slide from the tray into the channel; Fig. 6 shows a column of type being
thus inserted. For convenience in registering the tray with the channel, the upper
ends of the partitions 148 are cut away as at 148 forming recesses into which the
end of the type trays fit when the trays register with the channels. After the movable
section of the magazine is loaded, it is swung upward on the pivot 144 and then
forward on its hinges into its normal position and locked in this position by latch 145.
When the type are nearly exhausted from a channel of the lower magazine section
the column of type from the upper section is lowered to fill the lower channel by
pressing its sustaining pin 146 back by means of any suitable instrument held in the
hands and then lowering the column by hand until it rests on the remaining type in
the channel. As the magazine is inclined rearwardly there is no tendency for the
type to fall forward or work out.
LINE MEASURING DEVICES.
The shaft 140, which is operated by the word or space counting rack 131, has on
its left hand end a crank arm 149, and crank pin or blade 150, which, as it revolves,
carries with it a crank 151 on the rock shaft 152. On the left end of shaft 152 is a
pinion 153 engaging with a rack sleeve 154 which embraces and slides on an angular
rock shaft 155. The sleeve 154 carries an interponent arm 156 which normally
travels under the lower ends of a series of fulcrum bars x, y, z, U. These fulcrum
bars are evenly spaced at their lower ends and the interponent moves the distance
between them as each word space is counted. The upper ends of the fulcrum bars
extend to the left of and just below a justifying lever 157 and they are spaced
unevenly. The bar a divides the lever in the ratio of 2 to 1, the bar y, in the ratio

page_text: of 3 to 1; the bar z, in the ratio of 4 to 1; etc. If desired, a bar may be used in front
of x to divide the lever into two equal parts and other bars may be used in the rear
to divide it into parts having a greater ratio. In composing a line as illustrated, no
provision is made for justifying only two words and one word space in a line, although
this may be accomplished by adding the fulcrum bar referred to in front of the bar x.
In the construction shown, the interponent 156 moves under the fulcrum bar * as the
second word space is ejected into the line, then under the bar y as the third word
space is inserted, etc. When the line is completed, the interponent stands under the
fulcrum bar corresponding to the number of word spaces in the line. The line key 92
is then operated and the line sta t'ng slide 98 released. (Figs. 9 and 13) As the
slide descends, a pin 158 strikes an arm 159 on the rock shaft 160 and arin 161 on
said shaft through link 162 raises a cam lever 163 which releases a pivoted pawl 164
permitting it to spring into engagement with a crown ratchet wheel 165 on the
constantly rotating gear 166. (Figs. 12 and 13.) The pawl 164 is mounted in a slot
in the end of the movement shaft F. As the shaft starts a cam 167 immediately
operates on roll 168, raises arm 169 and lifts the weighted rod 98, to its initial
position, shown in Fig. 13, in which position it is retained by the pawl 97. As the
slide 98 raises the pin 170 strikes the arm 159 and through the connections 161-162
throws the cam lever 163 into the path of the pawl 164, which pawl, is engaged and
thrown out of action at the completion of one revolution. (Figs. 12 13 and 16.).
As the slide 98 descends a pawl 171, which is normally sustained by an arm 172,
is dropped into engagement with a ratchet wheel 173 upon shaft 152 to hold said
shaft against the tension of the return spring 174 after the word counting rack is
released The further movement of slide 98, by means of the cam notch 138, throws
the pawl 136 out of engagement with the word counting rack and permits the rack to
return to its initial or forward position under the influence of spring 141.
Immediately after the shaft 152 is locked by pawl 171 the shaft 155 is rocked to raise
the selected fulcrum rod into operative position by means of an arm 175, slide 176,
cam roll 177 and cam 178 on movement shaft F. As the slide 176 falls, the raised
fulcrum bar is drawn positively down by means of a returning finger 179 carried by
an arm 180, (Fig. 9), the finger standing over the shoulders 181 upon the fulcrum
bars.
The line of type after being transferred to the justifying type ways 104, 105, as
above described, is automatically measured between a follower head 182 and a yoke-
shaped abutment 183. (Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 20.) The abutment proper 183 is a
yoke-shaped slide having two branches, one on each side of the justifier type ways.
This yoke is carried by an adjustable abutment holder composed of front and rear
pieces 184 and the connecting piece 185 which extends through a transverse slot 186
in the type ways. The abutment holder is capable of longitudinal movement upon
the type ways and it can be clamped at any desired point by means of a suitable
clamping screw 187 which bears upon the lower edges of the type ways and engages
the transverse portion 185. In order to provide a maximum adjustment for the
abutment to adapt the machine for lines of various lengths the abutment holder is
provided with several sets of grooves 188 to receive the abutment 183. By adjusting
the abutment holder and shifting the abutment from one set of grooves to another in
the holder the inachine can be adapted for lines of any length from the shortest to the
longest which are required. A hook 189 upon the lower end of the abutment engages
with a hinged abutment raising plate 190 which extends along the entire line of
adjustinent of the abutment. This plate is raised during the first portion of the
rotation of the movement shaft F by an arm or branch 191 of the fulcrum raising
slide 176. (Figs. 13 and 14).
Referring to Figs. 14 and 20, the follower head 182 is carried by a
follower slide 192 sliding in grooves between the justifier type ways. The
follower slide is constantly urged to the left by a band or belt 193 and
weight 194 sliding in a guide tube 195 and it is drawn to the right upon the
completion of the justifying of each line by a band 196 and a heavier weight 197,
sliding in a guide tube 197, the band being connected to a button 206 on the under
- n

page_text: side of the weight. (Figs. 11, 13, 16 and 20.) As the movement shaft F revolves a
block 198 upon a sheave 199 is engaged by a pawl 200 upon an arm 201 fixed on the
shaft. The pawl carries the sheave around during the greater part of its revolution
and just before the shaft comes to rest the tail of the pawl is struck by a fixed
projection 202 and the pawl is thrown off of the block 198. The sheave is prevented
from moving backwards by a retaining latch 203 which engages a lug 204 on the
opposite side of the sheave. As the sheave is carried around by the pawl it winds up
a band 205 connected to the weight 197 and raises the weight, thus permitting the
follower slide to come under the influence of the smaller weight 194. The follower
slide 192 gradually moves to the left carrying the line through the respacing
mechanism of the justifier and finally to the galley. As the line reaches the galley
the button 206 strikes a rod 207 which is connected to the retaining pawl 203 and
raises the pawl, releasing the sheave 199 and permitting the weight 197 to fall. This
weight draws the follower slide back to its initial position as shown in Fig. 20. In
this figure both the weights are shown at their upper positions to bring them within
the scope of the drawing, and the button is shown raised in order to show its operation
although it will be understood that the button is in its lowest position when the lesser
weight 194 is raised.
Mounted in a groove in the front portion of bracket A' is a compacting slide 208
which carries a depending hook 209 adapted to be drawn against the follower head 182
(Figs. 14, 15 and 20). After the abutment is raised the line of type on the
ways 104, 105 is compacted and measured between the abutment and the follower
head 182, the follower head being drawn to the left by the hook 209. This movement
is accomplished by means of a cam 210 on shaft F operating on roll 211 and cam
lever 212, a spring arm 213 on the cam lever raising a slide 214 which operates
through pinion 215 and gear 216 upon the compacting slide 208. (Figs. 15 and 20.)
The movement of the arm 213 is sufficient to compact and measure the shortest
lines which may be assembled and for longer lines the spring yields.
The rear end of the justifying lever 157 is pivoted at 217 to the space gage 218.
The forward end of the lever has a depending toe 219 which is engaged by a knife
edge 220 on the left end of the compacting slide 208. As the slide is drawn to the
left to measure a line the movement of the slide will be proportional to the amount
of space required to be added to or subtracted from the line to bring it to the
standard length. As illustrated in Fig. 15, a line consisting of four words and
provided with three temporary spaces s is being measured between the follower head
and the abutment 183. It will therefore be evident that the space correction to be
made in the line for justification must be divided into three parts in order to space
the line equally. To effect this the word counting mechanism has selected fulcrum
rod y which has been raised and become operative as the fulcrum for the lever 157,
dividing the lever in a ratio of one to three. The gage 218 is therefore moved
one-third of the movement of the follower head, thus setting it for spaces equal to
one-third of the total space to be added. If an assembled line of type exactly
corresponds to or fills the measure the gage will be set to produce justifying
spaces equal to the width of the temporary spaces. If the line is longer than the
measure the justifying spaces will be narrower than the temporary spaces; and if it
is shorter the justifying spaces will be wider, as above described. In Fig. 15, a
short line is illustrated, in which case each justifying space will be equal to the
temporary space plus one-third of the amount required to fill the line, as determined
by the measuring device. To withdraw the justifying lever the end of the justifying
lever is held in contact with the knife edge of slide 208 by a spring 221. (Fig. 15.)
The gage is normally drawn to the left by a spring 222.
When the space gage 218 is set to control the justification of a line it is
immediately locked in position by two vertically sliding wedges 223, 224, which,
when dropped, engage and lock a shoulder 225 on the gage. (Figs. 9 and 12.) The
wedges are confined in a wedge box 226 and provided with pins 227 which project
through slots in the box and are sustained when the wedges are elevated by an
L-shaped slide 228. The slide 228 is sustained in its elevated position by a pawl 229,
3

page_text: Adjacent to the slide 228 is a vertically moving slide 230 carrying a pawl 231. The
tail of pawl 231 engages a fixed shoulder 232, when the slide 230 moves down, which
throws the pawl into the path of the slide 228 and as slide 230 rises the pawl 231 is
thrown out of said 'path by an upper shoulder 233. (Fig. 12.) The slide 230 is
reciprocated by means of a pinion 234, (Figs. 13 and 16) rock shaft 235 and gears
236, 237, 238, the latter of which is in mesh with a gear 239 on the hub of
sheave 199.
The operation of setting and releasing the wedges is as follows: Before the line
key is touched the wedges are held in their elevated position by the slide 228.
Upon touching the line key the movement shaft F begins to revolve and the
sheave 199 starts to revolve, drawing down the slide 230 and after the line of type
has been measured and the justifying, gage set, as above described, the lower end of
a flange 240 upon slide 230 engages the tail end of pawl 229, disengaging slide 228
and allowing the wedge to drop. (Figs: 9, 10 and 12.) The position of the pins 227
with relation to the wedge surfaces is such that the right hand wedge 223 takes
effect first upon the lug 225. The other wedge quickly follows and the two wedges
lock the gage against the movement in either direction. After the line has been
justified and moved opposite the galley the weight 197 is released and dropped, as
heretofore explained, and through the connections specified the slide 230 is raised,
the pawl 231 raising the wedge slide 228 and the wedges, the pawl 229 automatically
locking it in its upper position.
After the line is measured and the gage set, the abutment is withdrawn and the.
line permitted to move to the respacing mechanism, impelled by the weight 194.
It is desirable to relieve the line from the influence of the weight temporarily while
the abutment is being withdrawn and also at other times. To accomplish this,
means are provided for drawing down the band 196 and thus relieving the pressure
of the follower head upon the line. As illustrated in Figs. 11 and 16, a relief lever 241
is pivoted on a hanger 242 beneath the base plate. Upon this lever is a slide 243
and upon the lever and slide are grip fingers 244 between which the band 196 runs.
A sinaller elbow lever 245 is pivoted to the lever 241 and its shorter arm is pivoted
to the slide 243. When the longer arm of 245 is raised, the grip fingers are first
pressed together upon the band and afterward the lever 241 is moved carrying the
fingers down and drawing the follower head back, thus relieving the pressure on the
line. This movement is accomplished by an angular cam lever 246 having a pin 247
which engages elbow lever 245 and a portion which engages a cam 248 on the front
end of shaft F. During the latter part of the revolution of shaft F the pressure is
relieved from the line and the abutment drops. As the shaft completes its revolution
the lever 246 falls over a step in the cam and the gripping fingers release the band
permitting the weight 194 to carry the line to the respacing mechanism.
RESPACING MECHANISM.
The space cutting and inserting mechanism is driven from a constantly running
shaft E. The spaces are cut from strips of space timber T, preferably of type metal,
by a constantly reciprocating knife 249 and inserted in the line in lieu of the
temporary spaces 8. The knife 249 is reciprocated by a crank 250 on shaft E and
connecting rod 251 which reciprocates the slide 252 on which the knife is fastened.
The space cutting and inserting mechanism is driven from a constantly running
shaft E. The spaces are cut from strips of space timber T, preferably of type metal,
by a constantly reciprocating knife 249 and inserted in the line in lieu of the
temporary spaces 8. The knife 249 is reciprocated by a crank 250 on shaft E and
connecting rod 251 which reciprocates the slide 252 on which the knife is fastened.
Onde 252 runs in a vertical riot in the bracket A (Figs. 10, 13, 16 and 21). The
knife is preferably constructed with a series of cutting teeth inclined to the direction
of its motion so that each succeeding tooth cuts deeper into the metal. (Figs. 9
and 18.)
The space timber T is in line with the gage 218. A tooth 253 upon a slide 254
engages a notch 255 near the left end of the space timber and urges it constantly
towards the space gage, the slide being drawn to the right by a band 256 attached
to a sheave 257 upon shaft 258 on the rear end of which is a pinion 259 in
engagement with a vertical weighted rack 260, said rack being provided with a
weight 261 sliding within vertical guides 262. The band 256 is carried over an idle

page_text: sheave 263 (Figs. 12, 19 and 21). The timber is normally locked against movement
by a locking lever 264 (Figs. 15, 19 and 21). The longer arm of lever 264 has a
forked end which is engaged by an elbow lever 265 which is connected by a link 266
to a slide 267 mounted in the left hand edge of bracket A³. The slide 267 is
normally drawn down by a spring 268, which spring normally holds the timber
locking lever 264 against the space timber. When the slide 267 is raised the
locking lever 264 is released and the timber moves forward. This release is timed,
as will be explained later, so that the timber will move forward against the gage
when the knife is at its highest position. As the knife descends a space is severed
from the timber. This release movement takes place only when the line has been
properly separated to receive a justifying space.
After the abutment is withdrawn the line is drawn to the left along the type ways until
the projecting ends of the first temporary space are intercepted by a pair of parting
fingers 269 connected by. posts 270 extending through a transverse slot 271 in the
ways (Figs. 11, 18 and 20). The parting fingers 269 are reciprocated by an elbow
lever 272, the lower arm of which rests on a slide 273 which, in turn, rests on a
pin 274 upon the end of a cam lever 275 operated constantly by cam 276 on shaft E.
As the parting fingers 269 move to the left, followed by a temporary space, the
protruding forward end of the temporary, space strikes a trigger lever 277 which
brings into action the timber releasing devices above described, permitting the
justifying space to be cut from the timber, and at the same time an elevating device
is brought into action which removes the temporary space from the line after it has
been moved backward or to the right, such movement at the same time separating
the line to receive the newly formed space. The temporary spaces are ejected from
the line into a transfer magazine 278, which, during the justifying or respacing of the
line, is held in the position shown in Fig. 11. The spaces are ejected from the line by
an elevating yoke 279, the branches of which run. in vertical slots in the outer faces
of the type ways. (Figs. 11 and 18.) The yoke 279, is moved by a link 280 con-
necting it with an elevator slide 281 in the right land face of bracket. A³, slide 281
being normally held down by a spring 282. The elevator is operated by a pawl 283
which normally plays idly up and down to the left of the foot of the elevator slide 281,
pawl 283 being connected to a slide 284 having a roll 285 resting on cam 286 on
shaft E. The timber locking slide 267 is periodically operated by a pawl 287 which
normally plays up and down at the left of said slide (Fig. 11).. This pawl is
connected to a cam lever 288 having a roll 289 resting on cam 290.
The upper ends of the pawls 283, 287, are guided between pins on a horizontal
slide 291 to which is pivoted the lower end of the trigger lever 277. Each time the
trigger is operated by a temporary space the lower end of the lever and the slide 291
are moved to the right carrying the pawls 283, 287, under their respective
slides 281, 267, and they are retained in this position temporarily by a spring detent 292
which is normally held down by a hook 293 on slide 284 but released by a slight
upward movement of the slide. The upward movement of pawl 287 releases the space
timber through the connections herein before described, permitting the timber to
move forward and a space to be cut. This space is immediately transferred into the
line by mechanism to be presently described. When the parting fingers next move to
the right the temporary space which has operated the trigger lever is carried back-
ward to register with the space receiving magazine 278 and with the elevator yoke.
The elevator is now operated by a continued upward movement of the slide 284 and
the temporary space is driven into the transfer magazine, the space being retained in
the magazine by spring hooks 294. As the elevator rises a leg 295, connected with
slide 281, draws up the end of the elbow lever 245, (Fig. 11) thereby relieving the
pressure of the follower head upon the line, as already explained, to prevent the type
adjacent to the elevator from being disturbed as the temporary space is removed.
The newly cut justifying space is moved into the opening in the line at the left of the
parting fingers while the temporary space is being ejected. As the elevator moves
down the follower is released and the line moves to the left through the parting
fingers until the succeeding temporary space is intercepted, when the operations above

page_text: described are repeated. The justifying spaces 8', while being severed from the timber,
are supported on a cutter block 296 (Figs. 13 and 18). The cutter block is moved
back and forth by an elbow lever 297 being normally drawn backward by a link 298
and spring 299, the link 293 being operated by a cam lever 300 having a roll 301
resting on cam 302 on the rear end of shaft E (Figs. 12 and 18). Above the cutter
block and sliding between the cutter block and the cap piece 303 is a fork 304. This
fork is normally drawn back against a pin 305 on the cutter block by a spring 306.
The rear end of the fork is connected by a link 307 with a lever 308 pivoted to the
cutter block. As the cutter block moves forward the fork moves with it until the tail
end of lever 308 strikes the projecting pin 309 on the bracket which gives the fork a
slight movement forward upon the cutter block. The cutter block is moved to its
extreme rear position, beyond the path of the space timber, while the timber is being
fed to the gage, to prevent chips or dirt getting in between the timber and the gage.
The cutter block then moves forward until its forward end passes under the timber.
It then remains stationary until the space is cut from the timber, after which it is
given an additional forward movement carrying the space to the position shown in Fig.18.
In reaching this position the fork 304 is given its additional movement, as already
explained, which pushes the space off of the cutter block, permitting it to drop on to
a circular runway 310 cut in the bracket A¹. The right side of the runway
is formed by a curved piece 311 carried by the justifying space gage 218.
The curved piece 311 being attached to the space gage varies the width
of the runway to correspond with the size of the space being cut.
spaces are carried positively through the runway and into the line on the
justifying type ways, and under an adjustable block 312, by a vibrating arm 313
(Fig. 18). The arm 313 is carried by a shaft 314 which is rocked by means of a
pinion 314, (Figs. 19 and 20), and rack 315, the lower end of which is connected by
a link 316 with a cam lever 317 having a roll 318 resting on a cam 319 and an
arm 320 resting on a cam 321. The slide 315 is raised positively by a cam 319 and
drawn down by cam 321.
The
A brush 368 is held against the knife 249 during its upward movement, by a
spring 369, to clear it of any cuttings that may adhere to it (Fig. 21). The brush is
held away from the knife during its downward movement by a cam 370, on shaft E
operating on a roll 371 upon an arm 372 of the shaft 373 which carries the brush
arm 374. The chips of space metal from the knife fall into a chute 405 (Fig. 12),
which delivers them into a tube or spout 406.
The space transfer inagazine 278 is carried by a pair of parallel arms 322 (Figs. 10,
11, 12 and 13). The lower arm is upon a rock shaft 323 which is reciprocated by a
gear 324 and the vertically moving rack 230 before described, the teeth in the rack
being inclined to correspond to the in-lined axis of the shaft 323.
A gear 325
connected with the upper arm 322 is driven through an intermediate gear 326 by the
gear 327 on shaft 323. These gears being of equal size, the arms are rocked
simultaneously and always remain parallel and in consequence the space transfer
magazine always maintains a vertical position. While the temporary spaces are being
removed from a line the magazine 278 stands over the elevator and receives the spaces
as shown in Fig. 11. After the line is justified the slide 230 is raised by the
weight 197, as before described, and the arms 322 are rocked to the right carrying the
transfer magazine over into a position in which it registers with the temporary space
channel m' of the magazine. The spring hooks 294 are pushed back by the outer
wall of the channel m³, thus releasing the spaces in the magazine 278 and permitting
them to fall into the space channel. The slide 230 is inade in two parts which are
united by a sliding joint, and connected by a spring 230ª (Figs. 12 and 13). This
spring seats the magazine 278 yieldingly over the elevator and if a space becomes
bent or for any other reason does not register with the magazine, the latter will yield
when the elevator rises and no harm will result.
LINE ASSEMBLING MECHANISM.

page_text: ways 104-105, as already explained, it is transferred to the galley by the mechanism
to be presently described. The galley H is situated in front of the machine at the
left end and sustained on the bracket A* (Figs. 10, 17, 18 and 19). In the rear of the
ways opposite the galley is a line ejecting plate 328 having racks which are operated
by pinions 329 upon a shaft 330. Shaft 330 is operated by a vertical rack 331 in
mesh with the pinion 332 upon the end of the shaft (Fig. 15). The rack 331 is
operated by a link 333, walking beam 334, eccentric strap 335 and eccentric 336 on
shaft F (Fig. 20). It will be evident that the line ejecting blade will be reciprocated
forward and back each time the movement shaft F revolves. The forward movement
of the blade carries a line of type into position at the head of the galley. During the
rearward movement of the slide 328 the line of type is moved down into the galley by
a depressing bar 337 connected to the slide through links 338, arms 339, rock
shaft 340, arm 341 and link 342 (Figs. 10 and 19). The type are sustained in the
galley upon a movable ledge 343 carried by a bracket 344 which is hinged to a
slide 345 movable in a guide channel 346. The slide is sustained by a cord 347 and
weight 348 (Figs. 10 and 17). The slide 345 is held in its depressed position by
a frictional grip 349 which has a square notch to engage the side of the guide
channel 346. As the type are moved to the left they are drawn under the line
friction rail 350. The type are relieved from the pressure of this rail as the ejector
blade moves forward, by a cam 352 upon the blade which engages the pin 353 on one
of the arms 351 carrying the rail.
.
There is a lead magazine 354 located above and partially in the rear of the galley.
When leads 355 are supplied to the magazine a lead from the bottom is pushed out
each time the ejecting blade moves forward and deposited with the line of type in the
galley, as shown in Fig. 19. When no leads are in the magazine the lines will be
assembled solid. In order to prevent the line as it is being pushed into the galley
from disturbing the preceding line, which might be caused by the heads of the type
striking the nicks in the preceding line, the forward ends of the type are supported
during part of their forward movement by a plate 356 carried by slides 357 operated
by arms 358 upon a rock shaft 359. The plate 356 is held normally in line with the
way 104 by spring 360. As the line is being moved forward the plate is moved
forward by the cam 361 on shaft 330 which cam moves an arm 362 engaging a
shoulder on a link 363 which is pivoted to one of the arms 358. After the plate 356
is moved forward to the length of its throw the cam 361 strikes the end of the arm 363,
releasing it from the lever 362 and permitting the plate to be thrown back by
spring 360. In this manner the forward ends of the type are carried over the nicks
in the previous line.
The walking beam 334 is fulcrumed to a movable rack 364, (Figs. 16, 18 and 20)
which engages a pinion 365 on a shaft 366 provided with a hand lever 367 on the
front of the machine. When it is desired to eject a line from the ways to the galley
without bringing the movement shaft into action, it can be done by turning the
crank 367 and raising the fulcrum slide 364, thereby operating the slide 331 and the
line ejecting mechanism.
AUTOMATIC TIMBER LOADING MECHANISM.
The justifying mechanism is supplied with space timber from a timber magazine 375.
(Figs. 10, 12, 19 and 21), the ends of the piece of timber being held by flanges 376
The timber in the magazine is in the rear of the active piece of timber which is being
fed to the cutter, and the pieces rest normally upon an ejecting plunger 377 which is
reciprocated backward and forward by racks 378, pinions 379 on shaft 380 which is
rocked by a pinion 381 and vertical slide rack 382. When a piece of timber is nearly
used the timber carrier slide 254 is drawn back to its initial position by a mechanism
to be presently explained. Simultaneously, the plunger 377 is drawn back a new
piece of timber falls down in front of it and plunger 377 immediately moves forward
pushing the new piece of timber into active position in line with the gage and
discharging the previous piece through on the opening 375" in the front of the timber

page_text: magazine. While these movements are taking place the pressure of the timber
clamp 264 is relieved and the operation of the justifying mechanism is suspended, as
will now be explained. The slide 382 has a roll 383 resting on the cam 384 of the
shaft G. The shaft G is normally at rest and upon it is a gear 385 which is driven
at one half the speed of the power shaft E through a train of gears 386 to 389,
inclusive (Figs. 16, 17 and 21). Upon the gear 385 are two teeth 390. Upon the
shaft G is an arm 391 carrying a spring pawl 392 which constantly tends to spring
into the path of the teeth 390 but is normally held out of their path by a stop lever 393
which has an incline or wedge 394 at its lower end. Upon the timber weight 261 is an
incline 395 which engages a pin 396 and withdraws the lower end of the lever 393
permitting the spring pawl 392 to engage the gear 385, when the timber weight
reaches its lowest position, at which time the piece of timber in use is nearly
exhausted and should be removed. The shaft G thereupon makes a revolution with
the following effect: When the shaft starts a pin 397 on the shaft releases a pawl 398
which pawl immediately springs against the rod 273 and which operates the parting
fingers and when said rod reaches its uppermost position the pawl engages a notch 399
which prevents the parting fingers from returning until the shaft G has inade a
complete revolution and the pin 397 again withdraws the pawl (Figs. 17 and 20). The
parting fingers being held to the right to prevent the trigger lever from being operated,
which suspends the operation of the elevator, preventing any further temporary spaces
from being removed until a new piece of timber is in position to supply justifying
spaces. As the shaft G starts the timber locking slide 267 is raised to release the
timber. This is effected by a roll 400 upon the slide which rests upon the cam 401
upon the shaft G (Fig. 11).
The weight 261 has a foot 402 which is engaged by a roll 403 on an arm of the
shaft G, the roll raising the weight during the first half of the revolution of the shaft.
The weight is sustained in its uppermost position by the circular portion of a cam 401
following the roll while the new piece of space timber is being driven into position
on the tooth 253 (Figs. 12 and 21). A step in the cam 404 then permits the timber
to be advanced sufficiently to get behind the timber locker 264 and a circular portion
of the cam holds the timber in this position until the locker is released, after which
the cam passes from under the weight, which then ten is to move the timber to the
gage, the timber being held by the locker.
The movements of the machine are divided into several groups which are wholly or
partially independent of each other. The principal groups of movements are (1) the
type assembling movements, which are initiated by the type keys; (2) the line
transferring movements and gage setting and locking movements which are initiated
by the line or starting key; (3) the re spacing movements which take place each time
a temporory space is presented to the re spacing mechanism; (4) the movement of
the lines into the galley which takes place each time the line or starting key is
operated; and (5) the timber supplying movements which take place whenever the
active piece of timber is nearly exhausted.
The first group includes the movements of the type assembling mechanism, which
movements take place upon the depression of any of the keys 1 of the keyboard or the
sinultaneous depression of a group of keys. Upon the depression of a key for the
selection of a type the universal bar 4 is raised, which trips the escapement clutch
and the escape shaft 34 makes a revolution, (Figs. 2, 3 and 9). By the first movement
of the shaft the type fingers are dropped and the primary nick-guide raised by the
cams 78 and 85 respectively. The vertical slide 40 is drawn down by the crank,
drawing the type carrier to the right and rocking the type ejector shaft 42, which
latter movement throws the ejector bar 45 forward and ejects the selected type on to
the runways. The primary nick guide is dropped on the type as it arrives on the

page_text: run ways.
The type fingers are then raised and carried to the left, depositing the
type in the stick. At the same time the type ejector bar 45 is drawn back and as
the shaft completes its revolution the parts are all restored to their normal or initial
positions. During the rotation of the escape shaft the keys which have been operated
are locked down and those which were not operated are locked up, as has been
explained.
When a line is being assembled on the stick the space key 130 operating through
its lifter bar and the space ejector 16 (Figs. 2 and 9) sets the interponent 156 under
the proper fulcrum bar and the next set of movements which are imparted from
shaft Foperate to insure the line and set the gage. At the completion of a line the
line or starting key 92 is depressed and the weighted slide 98 released from the
holding pawl 97. As the slide falls the line is drawn back from the assembling type
ways to the justifying type ways by the transfer nick-guide and they are seized and
retained by the retaining nick guide 107. The first movement of the slide 98 drops
the retaining pawl 171 which holds the interponent under the proper fulcrum bar.
The line is thus placed in position to be measured and the interponent is retained in
position to raise the proper fulcrum for the justification of the line. The continued
downward movement of slide 98 trips the clutch and starts the movement shaft F
(Figs. 9 and 13).
As the shaft F begins to rotate the fulcrum shaft is rocked through slide 176 and
the selected fulcrum raised and the abutment simultaneously raised by the branch
rod 191 (Fig. 13). At the same time the line transfer mechanism is returned and the
sheave 199 begins to raise the weight 197 (Figs. 11 and 16). As the shaft F
continues the line is compacted or measured, the space gage is set, and the locking
wedges are dropped to lock the gage. Succeeding these movements the pressure of
the compacting head is withdrawn by the cam 210, the pressure of the follower head
is relieved by the lever 241, (Figs. 11 and 16) and the abutment and fulcrum bar are
lowered. Just as the shaft F completes its revolution the relief lever releases its
grip and the weight 194 is permitted to carry the line to the re-spacing mechanism.
As the weight 197 is raised the space transfer magazine 278 is carried from the
magazine M into position over the elevator, the transfer magazine being geared to
the sheave which operates the weights (Figs. 11 and 16). The weight 197 remains
elevated and the space magazine 278 remains in position over the elevator until the
line has been completely re-spaced and carried to the end of the ways opposite the
galley, the weight raising sheave being held during this period by the latch 203
(Fig. 20). After the line has been re-spaced and moved opposite the galley the
latch 203 is released, the weight 197 falls, raising weight 194, returning the follower
head to its initial position and carrying the space transfer magazine over to deposit
its spaces in the space channel m¹.
The power shaft E which operates the respacing mechanism revolves continuously.
As the type line is carried to the left the projecting ends of the first temporary
space engage the parting fingers 269 and as the parting fingers move to the left the
forward end of the space operates the trigger lever 277. The knife is continually
reciprocated and the movements are timed so that the trigger lever is operated while the
knife is approaching its highest position. When the parting fingers again move to
the right they leave the first word of the line (which has passed between them)
standing on the ways and carry the balance of the line backward until the temporary
space stands over the elevator, thus parting the line at the left of said space.
While the line is being parted, and following the operation of the trigger lever,
the elevator slide is partially raised and the trigger slide 291 locked. The space
timber is then released by the upward movement of pawl 287 (Figs. 11 and 15), the
timber moves against the gage and the knife descends and cuts a justifying space
from the end of the timber. The cutter block moves forward and deposits the cut
space into the end of the circular runway and the arm 311 moves the space into the
opening in the line. The elevator is then raised, removing the temporary space from
the line into the magazine. As the elevator rises the pressure of the follower head is

page_text: relieved by the relief lever and when the elevator returns the follower head is released
and the line is carried to the left until the next temporary space engages the parting
fingers. The above described operations are repeated for each space in the line.
After the last temporary space is replaced the line moves into position opposite the
galley as above described. As the knife reaches its lowest position the brush moves
against it and as the knife rises the adhering chips are brushed off.
Each time a line is assembled and the shaft F is started to operate the justifying
mechanism, the preceding line, which has been justified, is moved from the ways
into the galley, the line shifting plunger 328 being operated by the eccentric 335 on
shaft F. The return movement of the slide depresses the line in the galley, making
100m for the succeeding line (Figs. 17, 19 and 21).
The timber loading mechanism is controlled by the small shaft G which is normally
at rest. As the active piece of timber becomes nearly exhausted the weight 261
which feeds the timber forward trips a clutch and starts the shaft G with the
following effects: The operation of the re-spacing mechanism is immediately
suspended, the parting fingers being locked. The timber locking lever is then
released, the weight is raised and the timber moving slide is withdrawn. The timber
plunger 377 then moves backward, permitting a new piece of timber to fall from the
magazine in front of it, and then forward, driving the new timber into position in
line with the gage and ejecting the remnant of the previous piece of timber. While
this operation is taking place the tooth 253 which feeds the timber is held
stationary. When the new piece of timber is in place the tooth moves to the
right carrying the timber into the clamp or locker 264. The timber is then locked,
and finally, as the shaft G completes its revolution, the re-spacing mechanism
is released and proceeds to cut justifying spaces from the new piece of timber.
It will be evident that many changes in the details of construction of the above
described machine may be made without exceeding the spirit and scope of the
invention. Thus, for instance, in place of a single justifying lever having a series of
interchangeable fulcra a series of levers having their respective fulcrum points
corresponding to the fulcrum bars above described may be substituted, and the
interponent may be used to select levers instead of selecting fulcrum bars.
another instance, a rotary knife or cutter might be used in place of the reciprocating
knife. It is to be understood, therefore, that the invention as defined in the
specification, and in the following claims, includes and covers mechanical equivalents
of the several parts and combinations as well as the exact construction illustrated
and described.
As
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said
invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents and in what manner
the same is to be performed, what I claim is :-
1. The method of producing justified lines of type which consists in assembling
the lines with temporary word spaces of arbitrary width, then measuring the line to
determine the required width of justifying spaces, and finally cutting justifying
spaces from a piece of suitable material, such as type metal, and inserting them in
the line in lieu of the temporary spaces, substantially as described.
2. In a type setting and justifying machine, the combination of means for
assembling lines of type and temporary spaces, and means for cutting justifying word
spaces from timber and inserting them in the lines in lieu of the temporary spaces,
substantially as described.
3. In a type setting and justifying machine, the combination of means for
assembling lines of type and temporary spaces, ineans for feeding a strip of space
timber to a gage, and ineans for cutting justifying word spaces from said timber and
inserting them in the lines in lieu of the temporary spaces, substantially as
described.
4. In a type setting machine, the key levers, the universal bar, the drive shaft 33,

page_text: the escape shaft, the clutch, and the means for locking the key levers while the
escape shaft is in motion, substantially as described.
5. In a type setting machine, the key levers, the bar 9 for interlocking said levers,
substantially as described.
6. In a type setting machine, the key levers, the cam levers 14, and the push rods,
substantially as described.
7. In a type setting machine the two part push rods 15, 15, in combination with
the guide 19 and the shifting bar 25, substantially as described.
8. In a type setting machine, the key levers, the universal bar 4, the key for
shifting from lower to upper case, and means for locking the universal bar and the
key levers during the movement from lower to upper case, and vice versa, substantially
as described.
9. In a type setting machine, the combination of the key levers, the universal bar,
the type ejectors, and means for preventing a key from being operated until the
previously indicated type has been ejected and its ejector returned to normal position,
substantially as described.
10. In a type setting machine the type ejector 16, the ejector bar, and the front
and rear stop bars for limiting the movement of the type ejectors, substantially as
described.
11. In a type setting machine, the type ways, the vertically moving type carrying
fingers, and ineans for reciprocating said fingers along the type ways consisting of the
band 57 and sheaves, substantially as described.
12. In a type setting machine, the type ways having an assembling portion or
stick, the type carrier for conveying type along the ways from the magazine to the
stick, and means for moving said carrier positively past the magazine and yieldingly
into the stick, substantially as described.
13. In a typé setting machine, the assembling mechanism and type ways combined
with a movable inspecting stick, and means for transferring a line of type from the
type ways to said inspecting stick, substantially as described.
14. In a type setting machine, the removable inspecting stick, and means for
removing lines thereon for inspection, substantially as described.
15. In a type setting machine, the type ways having an assemblage portion or stick,
the justifier type ways adjacent to said stick, and means for transferring an assembled
line of type laterally from the stick to the justifier type ways, substantially as
described.
16. In a type setting and justifying machine, the hinged transfer nick guide,
means for moving said guide rearward, and the retaining nick guide for holding the
type as the transfer nick guide moves forward, substantially as described.
17. In a type setting machine, the assembling type ways extending in front of the
magazine and having an assemblage portion or stick, the vertically movable nick
guide in front of the magezine, and the vertically yielding nick guide over the stick,
substantially as described.
18. In a type setting machine, the magazine having the stationary part M and the
movable part M', substantially as described.
19. In a a type setting machine, the means for loading the magazine consisting
of the movable magazine section M' and the type trays 147 adapted to register
therewith, substantially as described.
20. In a type setting machine, the stationary magazine section M combined
with the movable section M hinged and pivoted thereto, substantially as
described.
21. In mechanism for justifying a line of type and temporary spaces, the devices
for compacting and measuring the line, the gage controlled by the measuring devices,
and the means for cutting justifying spaces and inserting them in the line in lieu of
the temporary spaces, substantially as described.
22. In justifying mechanism, the justifying lever, the fulcrum bars variably spaced
along said lever, and means for rendering any one of said bars operative, the selected

page_text: bar for any line depending upon the number of word spaces in the line, substantially
as described.
23. In justifying mechanism, a gage for determining the widths of justifying
spaces, a justifying lever for setting the gage, a device arranged to measure the line
and operate the lever, and means for applying different fulera to said lever, depending
upon the number of spaces in the line, substantially as described.
24. In justifying mechanism, the justifying lever having fulcra arranged
at 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, and other fractions of the length of the lever from one of its ends,
substantially as described.
25. In justifying mechanism, the justifying type ways, the measuring head for
compacting and measuring a line, and the abutment adjustable to different lengths of
lines, substantially as described.
26. In justifying mechanism, the justifying lever, the fulcrum bars variably spaced
along the lever, the interponent for raising the fulcrum bars and the space key and
connections for setting the interponent, substantially as described.
27. In justifying mechanism, the gage, the wedges for locking the gage, and means
for raising and dropping the wedges, substantially as described.
28. In justifying mechanism, means for moving a line of type along the ways, and
the parting fingers for intercepting and opening the line to admit justifying spaces,
substantially as described.
29. In justifying mechanism, the elevator for temporary spaces and the trigger
for bringing the elevator into action, substantially as described.
30. In justifying mechanism, the clamp for normally holding the space timber, the
trigger, and mechanism controlled by the trigger for releasing the clamp from the
space timber, substantially as described.
31. In justifying mechanism, means for moving temporary spaces from a line
and conveying them back to the space magazine of the assembling mechanism,
substantially as described.
32. In justifying mechanism, the magazine 278, the elevator for injecting spaces
into the magazine, and the parallel arms for periodically carrying said magazine from
the elevator back to deposit the spaces in the magazine of the assembling mechanism,
substantially as described.
33. In justifying mechanism, the follower head 182, the weight for moving the
head to the left to convey the line through the respacing mechanism, and the means
for temporarily relieving the pressure of the follower head upon the line, substantially
as described.
34. In justifying mechanism, the follower head 182, the weight 194 for moving
said head in one direction, the larger weight 197 for returning the head, and means
for periodically raising the larger weight and locking it when raised, substantially as
described.
35. In justifying mechanism, the knife for cutting spaces, the justifying gage, and
means for feeding space timber to the knife, substantially as described.
36. In a type justifying machine the sliding cutter block and the yoke 304 movable
relatively to the cutter block, substantially as described.
37. In justifying mechanism, the space timber magazine, and the means for ejecting
remnants of space timber and supplying new pieces from the magazine to the respacing
mechanism, substantially as described.
38. In a type justifying machine the timber carrying slide, the weight for feeding
space timber to the knife, and means for raising and sustaining the weight while
a new piece of timber is being connected to the slide, substantially as described.
39. In a type setting and justifying machine, the automatic means for assembling
lines of type in the galley, substantially as described.
40. In a type setting and justifying machine, the means for transferring lines of
type to the galley by hand, substantially as described.
41. In a type setting machine, the mechanism for assembling type and temporary
spaces into lines, substantially as described.

page_text: 42. The mechanism for justifying lines of type and temporary spaces, substantially
as described.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.