IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS AND WAGONS."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS AND
WAGONS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
JULIAN BERNARD, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS AND WAGONS."
man.
My Invention relates to a novel method or means of connecting and actuating:
the tailboards of carts and wagons, and to locking and unlocking the same, and so
connecting such tailboards with the locking action that they can be actuated by
one motion or movement, by which novel and improved means the necessity of
removing or disconnecting such tailboard is obviated, which improvements are more
particularly adapted and intended for such carts and wagons as are or may be
emptied of their contents by being tipped or tilted.
.
In carrying my Invention into effect I connect the tailboard to the main parts
the vehicle by hinges, and in a somewhat similar manner to that frequently
of employed in certain descriptions of wagons and light carts at present in use, but
differing from all such inasmuch as that the improved tailboard and parts connected
with it are so arranged, formed, and adapted to each other that it will admit of
being folded and drawn up underneath the main body of the vehicle in the direction.
of the axle to any desired or necessary angle, in which position in relation to the
other parts it is secured until the operation of tipping and emptying are completed.
This is effected by means of a spindle placed in the front of the vehicle to which
the tailboard is connected by means of a chain or other flexible connection, which
flexible connection is wound round the said spindle, as herein-after referred to. On
this spindle and near each end (its middle being reserved for a barrel, on which is '
wound and unwound the chain) are formed for a few inches in length a screw
thread, the one being a right hand and the other a left, on which are placed corre-
sponding nuts, to which are secured bolts for the purpose of taking into suitable.
hooks or perforated plates secured in the shafts, and which plates or hooks may be
similar to those at present in frequent use, as is well understood. This spindle
being secured in ordinary bearings in the fore part of the vehicle, as described, and '
[Price G71

page_text: provided with a suitable crank handle, can be readily turned, by which action the
nuts carrying the locking bolts referred to are moved in contrary directions, and can
be inserted or withdrawn, as may be required, thus locking or unlocking of the body
of the cart to or from its shaft when desired, and at the same time and by the same
movement unwinding or winding the chain round the spindle, which latter action
(the tailboard being unfastened behind and allowed to swing on its hinges) will
draw it in the direction of the axle, and to the desired angle or position, and so
hold it in relation to the other parts until the vehicle is tipped and emptied of its
contents without the necessity of being removed or disconnected, as is ordinarily
done, thus saving time and labor, and rendering such tailboard less liable to wear
and tear.
It is obvious that the tailboard can be actuated by a lever or other means
without departing from the main features of my Invention, which is to obviate the
necessity of disconnecting the tailboard from the vehicle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st October
1876.
JULIAN BERNARD, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTS AND WAGONS."
main.
My Invention relates to a novel method or means of connecting and actuating
the tailboard of carts and wagons and to locking and unlocking the same, and so
connecting such tailboards with the locking action that they can be actuated by
one motion or movement, by which novel and improved method and means the
necessity and consequent labour of removing or disconnecting such tailboard from
the main body of the vehicle for the purpose of its being emptied is entirely
dispensed with, the tailboard being rendered much less subject to wear and tear,
while the carter is completely relieved from what has hitherto been the most difficult
and disagreeable part of his occupation.
In carrying my Invention into effect I connect the tail board to the main parts
of the vehicle by hinges, and in a somewhat similar manner to that frequently
employed in certain descriptions of wagons and light carts at present in use, but
differing from all such inasmuch as the improved tailboard and parts connected
with it are so arranged, formed, and adapted to each other that it will admit of
being folded and drawn up underneath the main body of the vehicle in the direction
of the axle to any desired or necessary angle, in which position, in relation to the
other parts, it is secured until the operation of tipping and emptying are completed.
This method and means of connecting and actuating the tailboard is specially
applicable to all carts and wagons capable of being emptied of their contents by
being tipped or tilted.
In order that my Invention may be more clearly understood I shall now proceed
to describe the most convenient manner with which I am acquainted of carrying
the same into effect, and for that purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the
annexed two Sheets of Drawings, the same letters on which indicate corresponding
parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of my Drawings is a sectional elevation of an ordinary tipping
cart with my Invention applied thereto, as an example of the manner in which it
may be carried out, the body of the cart and shatts R (shewn broken off) being
represented in a horizontal position.
Figure 2 is a plan, corresponding to Figure 1, with the body A removed, and
Figure 3, Sheet 2, is a corresponding view to Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, shewing the
body of the cart tilted and the tips S of the shafts resting on T, which represents
the ground line, on which the wheels are also shewn to rest.

page_text: The remaining Figures represent details and modifications to be herein-after
described.
A is the body of the cart, and B the tailboard, which is hinged to the framing of
the cart a, a, forming the strap of the hinge secured to the tailboard, and the pins
or bolts a¹, a', shewn secured in the tipping pieces C forming the bolts or other parts
of the hinge, and upon which the tailboard is hung and free to move; it is shewn
in its suspended position by the dotted lines . The tailboard and the parts
immediately connected therewith are so formed and disposed in relation to other
parts of the cart that it will admit of being drawn up or folded under the body of
the vehicle until it assumes the position indicated by the dotted lines L, in which
position it is held, so as to admit of the cart being tipped and emptied of its
contents without the necessity of its removal, or the danger of sustaining any injury
in the course of the operation.
- The operation of locking and unlocking may be effected in various ways, but I
prefer the arrangement shewn, applied for locking and unlocking the cart, in
Figures 1, 2, and 3, but which arrangement I do not claim, except in connection
with the improved tailboard and action, and adjuncts connected therewith.
At Figures 1, 2, and 3, E represents a lever pivotted at one end on a pin C fixed
in the framing E, the other end being connected to the tailboard B by means of a
flexible connection G. This lever is connected to the moveable slide bar H by
means of the flexible connection I, and passes over the sheave K in the cross bar or
.carrier L. When the tailboard has to be drawn up the moveable slide H is drawn
up by means of the handle M towards the point d, until the notched portion e¹ of
the spring bar e passes the pin f towards the point d, which action of the bar H
moves the sliding bar N by means of the forked lever O, Figure 5, which is centred
on the pin g, and connected to the slide bar H by the stud . One end of the
forked lever O takes into a slot in the bar H, the length of which slot is so regulated
that it gives the required (to-and-fro) motion to the slide to lock and unlock (in
connection with the hooks P, P, secured in the shafts at X) the cart at the proper
times. By means of the pin f and spring bar e the tailboard B is held or retained
in the position shewn in Figure 3, until the cart is emptied of its contents and made
to resume the position shewn at Figure 1, Sheet 1, after which the spring bar e is
released by being drawn sideways from the pin f, and the bar H is moved back to
the position shewn in Figure 2, which will have the effect of letting down the tail-
board into the position shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 1 and locking the
cart to its shafts, after which operation the tailboard may be shut, and be retained
by the catch lever Q or other similar well known means.
Figures 4 and 4a represent a novel arrangement and combination of parts, forming
an improved action or motion for locking and unlocking the cart and simultaneously
actuating the tailboard in liew of the mechanism in the carrier L, herein already
fully described. This detailed arrangement is more specially adapted for the heavier
class of carts and wagons, which have more usually heavy tailboards; it consists of
a spindle 1 in which are cut right and left hand threads at 2, 2, and carry the
nuts 3, 3, in which are contained the adjustable pins 4, 4, secured by the pins 5, 5.
This spindle is secured in the holes formed in a cart framing, detached parts of
which are represented by 6, 6. It is provided with a nut 8 at one end, together
with the ratchet wheel secured on the opposite end serve to keep it in position,
while the ratchet wheel in connection with the paul secures and holds the tailboard
in position when wound up. When the spindle is turned round for the purpose of
taking up the tailboard, by means of the flexible connection attached thereto, it is
turned in such a direction as will give the nuts the necessary action for locking or
unlocking the cart, as may be required.
The operation of this arrangement and its details will easily be understood by
reference to Figures 4, 5, and 6. When this arrangement is substituted for that
already shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the Drawings the cross bar or carrier L is
specially formed and adapted for receiving it, and a moveable cover exibited at
Figure 6 placed over it.

page_text: In lieu of the lever E in the plan, Figure 2, Sheet 1, the differential sheave shewn
marked E¹ and shewn dotted may be substituted instead of the said lever, but I do
not limit or confine myself to any special mode or means of folding or drawing up
the moveable tailboard, as what I claim in reference to this part of my Invention is
the drawing up or stowing away of the tailboard underneath the cart so as to render
its removal unnecessary, at the same time protecting it from injury during the
operation of the vehicle being emptied of its contents, without regard to the means
or method by which it is drawn up or held.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters.
Patent is,-
First. Connecting tailboards to carts or wagons, and forming and arranging the
same and the parts in connection therewith, and adapting the whole to each other
in such a manner that the tailboard shall be capable of being folded and drawn up
underneath the body of the vehicle, and there secured at and during the requisite
periods, substantially as herein-before described.
Second. The employment for locking and unlocking the bodies of tipping carts of
a rotatory spindle, having formed thereon right and left-handed threads, which
operate in contrary directions nuts carrying locking bolts for engaging with and
disengaging from hooks, perforated plates, or similar contrivances secured to the
shafts, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by my Drawings.
Third. Connecting tailboards (formed and arranged as herein set forth to the
locking actions of tipping carts or wagons in such a manner as to admit of the
tailboard being actuated by one and the same motion or movement as that
whereby the cart or wagon is locked or unlocked, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-six.
JULIAN BERNARD. (L.S.)