IMPROVING THE PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF DHLD CAD MOT MAKING OF PADER
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bartholomew Predaval, of 106, Great Russell
Street, Bedford Square, in the County. of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVING THE PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF
DHLD CAD MOT MAKING OF PADER"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bartholomew Predaval
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th January 1855.
I, BARTHOLOMEW PREDAVAL, of 106, Great Russell Street, Bedford Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVING THE PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF
PULP FOR THE MAKING OF PAPER" to be as follows, that is to say :--
That the said improvements consist in the application and manufacture of
vegetable substances into pulp, the same containing fibrous parts, as the willow,
mulberry, and others, for the purpose of preparing and manufacturing pulp for
the making of paper. For this purpose, I cut the vegetable substances into
pieces of about three inches in length, and pound, bruise, grind, or triturate
the same until the fibrous parts of the said substances become detached; I
then winnow the mass, and by this process separate the several constituent
parts according to their relative specific gravities. The pulp is then ready for
cleansing and making into paper.
I do not confine myself to the particular trees or substances herein-before
mentioned, but I claim generally the application of all similar vegetable
matters for the making or manufacturing of pulp for the making of paper,
by employing the series of processes herein-before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Bartholomew Predaval in the Great Seal Patent Oflice
on the 10th July 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BARTHO-
LOMEW PREDAVAL, of 106, Great Russell Street, Bedford Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Bar-
tholomew Predaval, Her special licence that I, the said Bartholomew Predaval,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Bartho-
lomew Predaval, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVING THE PRODUC-
TION AND MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR THE MAKING OF PAPER," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Bartholomew Predaval, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bartholomew Predaval, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of pulp from vegetable fibres,
such as those of the willow, mulberry, and other trees, of flax, hemp, and also
those contained in rags, for the purpose of being afterwards converted into
paper. I cut the fibres into pieces of about three inches in length, and pound,
bruise, grind, or triturate the same until they become detached; I then
winnow them, and by this process separate the several parts according to their
size and relative weight. The pulp is then ready for cleansing and making
into paper. In some cases I find it desirable to subject the fibres to the action
of steam, in order to separate or divide them, and to remove the coloring and

page_text: resinous matters. In the Drawings hereunto annexed I have shewn a machine
for the purpose of reducing small pieces of vegetable substances and separating
the fibres.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section; and Figure 2, a plan. A, A, is a
base plate; and B, B, four standards, bolted firmly to the base plate; C, C, is
a circular dish or cylinder, secured to the standards B, B, by means of the
bolts a, a; and D, D, a second dish, also bolted to the standards; E, E, is a
circular plate of metal, cast wide at the upper part. This plate is bolted to the
dish D, and serves to support a series of segmental combs or teeth F. G, G¹,
are two circular discs or plates keyed upon the upright shaft H. These discs
support around their peripheries a number of teeth or combs I, arranged also
in segments, which teeth, together with the combs F, form a mill for grinding
the vegetable substances passing through them. The combs F are stationary,
and also capable of being adjusted nearer to or farther from the combs I by
means of set screws b, b, at the back, when it may be requisite to reduce the
substances under process finer or coarser. The upper disc G is also of less.
diameter than the lower disc G', so that the combs I are placed in an inclined
position, whereby the substances are gradually acted upon, and finally leave
the mill in a finely reduced state. Rapid rotation is imparted to the shaft H,
dises G, G', and teeth I, by means of the bevil gearing J, driven by the shaft
K. L is a fan blower, keyed upon the shaft H and revolving with it, aper-
tures c, c, being formed in the plates G, G², for supplying the fan with air.
Spaces are left between each row of teeth or combs for the free passage of
the wind caused by the fan. By this means, the substances passing through the
mill are effectually winnowed, all the dust and lighter particles and fibres
being blown into the chamber M, at the back of the plate E, when they are
sufficiently separated and prepared for being converted into pulp for the finer
classes of paper. The heavier substances, after passing through the mill, fall
down upon the bottom of the dish or cylinder C, where they are collected by a
revolving scraper, or other suitable contrivance, when they will be found suffi-
ciently reduced to be converted into pulp for the manufacture of the coarser
kinds of paper, &c.
Figure 3 represents a detached view of teeth or combs F and I, shewing the
manner in which they fit into each other when in work.
Figure 4 is a plan of one row of teeth. The method of feeding this
machine is as follows:-N, N, are two endless webs upon the rollers N', N'.
The substances to be operated upon are laid upon these webs, and by them are
carried forward to the pairs of feeding rollers 01, 0%. P, P, are two vertical
knives, which are caused to work up and down in front of the feeding rollers

page_text: by means of the connecting rods P1, P1, and cranks P, P2, on the shaft P*.
This shaft P³ is driven by a strap from a drum upon the main shaft K. By
these arrangements, the materials before entering the mill are cut up into
short lengths. R is an endless screw; upon the upper part of the vertical shaft
H, which gears into the worm wheels S, S. T, T, are pulleys, keyed upon the
shafts of the worm wheels S, round which straps are passed for giving motion
to similar pulley's upon the spindles of the lower feed rollers 0%, and through
them, by means of the gearing U, to the upper feed rollers and endless webs.
Although I have herein-before stated the use of the wood of the willow and
mulberry trees, I do not confine myself to the use of wood of these trees alone,
as the wood and bark of other trees may with equal advantage be employed; as
may also other substances containing fibres, such as rags, straw, turf, hemp, or
flax: These fibres may with advantage be subjected to the action of the
machine, herein-before, described. and represented in the Drawings, preparatory
to being converted into pulp for the manufacture of paper, &c.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and, in what
manner the same is to be performed,' I.declare that what I claim as my Inven-
tion for improving. the production of pulp for the manufacture of paper is, the
subjecting the fibrous parts of the willow, mulberry, and other trees, and also
other vegetable and fibrous substances, to the action of a machine, such as that
represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings hereunto annexed, for the
purpose of being pounded; bruised, ground, or triturated and winnowed, until
the fibres of such substances become sufficiently detached, for the purpose
of being converted into pulp for the manufacture of paper, all as herein-before
described.
.In witness whereof, I, the said Bartholomew Predaval, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
D' DDED VALLE
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