IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO STEAM HAMMERS AND OTHER STEAM MACHINES
Year: 1885

page_text: We, WILLIAM JAMES NORRIS of 70 St Paul's Road, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, and THOMAS HOSKING of 53 Parker's Row, Bermondsey, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO STEAM
HAMMERS AND OTHER STEAM MACHINES, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of our Invention is the better utilization of the power of steam by
expansion, so as to derive more power from a given volume than is now obtained,
and consequent economy in fuel.
The cylinder consists of two portions (A & B) as shewn in Fig 1. The first
part (A) is supplied with steam by the port (C) and valve (D) which valve may be
a simple sliding valve as shewn, actuated by an eccentric or other means, or any
other suitable kind of valve, and by which the point when steam is cut off may
be regulated as desired. The second part (B) of this cylinder is of such diameter
as may be most suitable for the duty required; it may be equal to part (A) but in
general a larger diameter will be preferable. In part (A) of this cylinder, a
piston (E) of peculiar construction works. It consists of a cylindrical box closed at
one end and open at the other. A portion only of this piston fits the cylinder as
at (F) in which suitable packing rings are fitted, and beyond this part the piston is
clear of the cylinder, leaving a space between it and the cylinder open to steam.
On this latter part of the piston ports or openings are made, and on the interior
surface a valve (G); being a cylindrical ring, split so as to spring to the piston,
works, receiving its motion from tappet rods (HH) striking on stops at each end
of part (A) of the cylinder, opening the ports when the piston reaches the end of
its stroke, and closing the ports when the piston reaches the end of the return
stroke, or this valve may be similarly actuated by means of rods, levers, and links,
from outside the cylinder as in Fig 5, or by tappets as in Fig 6. In lieu of this
valve, a valve partaking of the nature of a double beat valve, and shewn in Fig 4,
may be used, actuated in the same way as above described, and in pistons of large
diameter it would be preferable in practice to fit two or more valves as above
described.
i

page_text: The part (A) of the cylinder is closed at each end. On the upper or outer end
by a cover which has a stuffing box or gland through which the piston rod works,
and at the other end by a division plate, having in its centre a stuffing box or
carefully bushed hole, through which the piston rod passes so as to be connected to
the piston. (I) in the second part of the cylinder (B) At the upper end of the first
part of the cylinder (A) a port or opening is cast, leading into the passage (J) which
passage is open to and communicates with the upper end of the second part of the
cylinder (B). In the second part of the cylinder (B) a piston of ordinary construc-
tion works, being secured to the piston rod connected to piston (E) in part (A) of
cylinder, which rod is extended into part (B) of the cylinder for that purpose.
The lower end of this part (B) of the cylinder is closed by a cover for keeping it
clean.
The action of the cylinder is as follows:-When the piston (E) is at the com-
mencement of its stroke, (being then at the other end of part (A) of cylinder to
that shewn in Fig 1.) the valve within same has closed the ports or openings by
the tappet rods striking the stops on division plate. Steam being admitted by the
valve (D) through the port (C) forces the piston along, The ports in the piston
being closed by the valve (G) no steam can pass it, but on reaching the end of the
stroke, the valve in piston is moved by the tappet rods striking on cylinder cover,
thus opening the ports, when the steam passes through to the other side of the
piston, and the pressure is the same on both sides of the piston. The portion of
the cylinder (A) then becomes a reservoir for supplying the part (B) with steam,
(the valve (D) closing the port (C) at any desired part of the stroke, and keeping
it closed during the return stroke) and the return stroke is made by the pressure of
the steam on piston (I) in the second part of the cylinder (B), the steam passing
from the first to the second part of the cylinder by passage (J.) The valve (G) in
piston (E) being open during the return stroke, this piston makes the return stroke
without any back pressure upon it, which in ordinary engines is very considerable.'
On again commencing the stroke, the valve (K) being open, the steam that has
been used to perform the down and return strokes escapes by port (L), in the case
of non-condensing engines into the atmosphere, and in the case of condensing
engines into the condenser, in which latter case the pressure of steam on piston (E)
on the down stroke, is augmented by the pressure of the atmosphere, less a loss due
to imperfect vacuum, which increase of pressure is not obtained in ordinary
engines. The port (L) is of course closed by the valve during the return stroke.
The cylinder so arranged is especially applicable to engines in which the full
power is required on the down stroke, and a lesser power suffices on the return
stroke, such as single acting pumps, steam hammers, steam pile drivers, and other
machines.
Two of these cylinders may be connected to the crank or cranks of an engine,
when the power becomes equal on both the down and return strokes.
Fig. 2. shews a modification of this cylinder in which the power is equal on both
strokes, the steam acting alternately on each side of the piston in part (B) of the
cylinder. As the above description applies to this modification Fig 2 requires no
further description.
Fig. 3. is a further modification of this cylinder applicable to cases where length.
of cylinder is objectionable. For the portion of cylinder (A) two smaller cylinders
are substituted, and placed one on each side of part (B), the piston rods being con-
nected together by a crosshead. The valves are the same as in Fig. 1. but not
shewn in this drawing. As the action is the same as above described except that
the passage (J) is not required, this modification needs no further description.
Fig. 5 shews the application of this cylinder to a steam hammer, and the valve
motion by which the hammer is worked and kept in control. The valve (G) in
piston (E) is worked by a rod; lever, and links, all of which travel up and down
with the piston (E), the rod attached to valve (G) being placed within a casing the
lower end of which is attached to the piston, immediately above which part there
is a slot or opening in the casing to allow the bar attached to valve (G) to move,

page_text: The valve (G) is made to close the openings in piston by stopping the rod (M) by
the lever (N) when the steam not being free to pass the piston the descent of the
tup is prevented by the pressure of steam on the piston. The steam may be
admitted and shut off by tappets and levers actuated by a roller on tup head (not
shewn in drawing) or by, the hand lever (O) The other valves and passages are
the same as in Fig 1, but not shewn in the drawing.
Fig. 6. Shews a portable arrangement of this cylinder applied to driving piles by
steam. The action and construction is precisely as described for Fig 1. except that
the piston rod is continued through bottom cover of part (B) of the cylinder, and
is connected to the tup or monkey usually employed in pile driving. The cylinder
is suspended from a jib, derrick, or sheerlegs, and the tup guided by the side
rods (P. P.) attached to the head of the pile by the clip (Q). The machine is kept
in control by the lever (R), as by raising or lowering it, the stops (T) are removed
from or brought into contact with the tappet rods for actuating the valve (G) in
the piston (E) as unless lowered to meet the tappet rods the piston comes to the
end of the stroke without the valve (G) being moved to open the ports in piston,
and consequently the tup remains suspended by the pressure of the steam on the
piston. The action is precisely as described for Fig 1. The steam acting on the
piston (E) on the up stroke, raises the tup or monkey, and on the down stroke
acting on the piston (I) and through the piston rod on the tup, very materially
increases the power of the tup or monkey, and which remark also applies to Fig 5.
By substituting an anvil for the pile head, the cylinder may be used for breaking
pigs of iron or other material, also for forging, etc.
It will be evident that the action of this cylinder may be reversed by reversing
the position of the valves, and lead of the passages.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
First. The construction of steam cylinders substantially as and for the purpose
herein described, and their application to steam engines, steam hammers, steam
pile drivers, steam pumps and other machines.
Second. The particular arrangements of same shewn in Figs 2. 3. 5 and 6, and
herein described.

page_text: We, WILLIAM JAMES NORRIS of 70 St Paul's Rd Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, and THOMAS HOSKING of 53 Parkers' Row Bermondsey in
the County of Surrey, Engineer seek leave to amend the specification of Letters
Patent, No. 1582 of 1885, as shown in red ink in the copy of the original
specification hereunto annexed, by inserting the following between the fourth and
fifth paragraphs:
<<
"The passage (J) and steam port (C) may be placed in any desired position
on the cylinder, and in many cases it will be convenient to combine the
"valves (D & K) Fig. 1. in one valve, in the form of a common D slide valve, or
"the modification of this valve known as piston valves, the inside and outside
laps being arranged so as to distribute and exhaust the steam in precisely the
same manner as the valves (D & K), that is to say:
CE
<<
$6
CL
<
*
"The port (C) is only open to steam, and the port (L) only open to the exhaust
during the down stroke, both ports being closed during the return stroke. When
a common D slide valve is used, the port (C) would be placed in line with the
passage (J), which passage would be deflected and continued by the side of the
port (C) into the second part of the cylinder (B). In this case an exbaust
passage would have to be provided for the escape of the exhaust steam, but if a
piston valve is used would not be required, as the steam would escape by an
opening in the side of the jacket or valve casing as in Fig. 1."
Our reasons for making this amendment are by way of explanation of the
following sentence occurring in the third paragraph of our complete specification
"which valve may be a simple sliding valve as shewn, actuated by an eccentric or
"other means, or any other suitable kind of valve, and by which the point when
"steam is cut off may be regulated as desired" and to define what is intended by
any other suitable kind of valve."
<E
The amendment we desire to make is substantially contained in, but does not
appear to be sufficiently described and ascertained by the sentence above quoted,
and as it does not in any way make the invention larger or different from that
described in our specification, we beg that we may be granted leave to amend our
specification in the manner above set forth.
1
1
WILLIAM JAMES NORRIS.
THOMAS HOSKING.

page_text: Hosking for leave to amend the specification filed in pursuance of the
application for Letters Patent No. 1582 of 1885:
THE COMPTROLLER-GENERAL'S DECISION.
I hereby refuse to grant leave to the said William James Norris and Thomas
Hosking to amend the Specification in the manner proposed; but I allow the
insertion of the words "(including a D slide valve)" after the word "valve on
line 14 of page 1 of the printed Specification.
"
THE COMPTROLLER-GENERAL'S DECISION.
I hereby refuse to grant leave to the said William James Norris and Thomas
Hosking to amend the Specification in the manner proposed; but I allow the
insertion of the words "(including a D slide valve)" after the word "valve" on
line 14 of page 1 of the printed Specification.
.
J. CLARK HALL,
Deputy
Comptroller-General.

page_text: We, WILLIAM JAMES NORRIS of 70 St Paul's Road, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, and THOMAS HOSKING of 53 Parker's Row, Bermondsey, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO STEAM
HAMMERS AND OTHER STEAM MACHINES, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of our Invention is the better utilization of the power of steam by
expansion, so as to derive more power from a given volume than is now obtained,
and consequent economy in fuel.
The cylinder consists of two portions (A & B) as shewn in Fig 1. The first
part (A) is supplied with steam by the port (C) and valve (D) which valve may be
a simple sliding valve as shewn, actuated by an eccentric or other means, or any
other suitable kind of valve, (including a D slide valve) and by which the point
when steam is cut off may be regulated as desired. The second part (B) of this
cylinder is of such diameter as may be most suitable for the duty required; it may
be equal to part (A) but in general a larger diameter will be preferable. In
part (A) of this cylinder, a piston (E) of peculiar construction works. It consists
of a cylindrical box closed at one end and open at the other. A portion only of
this piston fits the cylinder as at (F) in which suitable packing rings are fitted, and
beyond this part the piston is clear of the cylinder, leaving a space between it and
the cylinder open to steam. On this latter part of the piston ports or openings are
made, and on the interior surface a valve (G), being a cylindrical ring, split so as to
spring to the piston, works, receiving its motion from tappet rods (HH) striking
on stops at each end of part (A) of the cylinder, opening the ports when the piston
reaches the end of its stroke, and closing the ports when the piston reaches the end
of the return stroke, or this valve may be similarly actuated by means of rods,
levers, and links, from outside the cylinder as in Fig 5, or by tappets as in Fig 6.
In lieu of this valve, a valve partaking of the nature of a double beat valve, and
shewn in Fig 4, may be used, actuated in the same way as above described, and in
pistons of large diameter it would be preferable in practice to fit two or more
valves as above described.
The part (A) of the cylinder is closed at each end. On the upper or outer end
by a cover which has a stuffing box or gland through which the piston rod works,
and at the other end by a division plate, having in its centre a stuffing box or
carefully bushed hole, through which the piston rod passes so as to be connected to
the piston (I) in the second part of the cylinder (B) At the upper end of the first
part of the cylinder (A) a port or opening is cast, leading into the passage (J) which

page_text: passage is open to and communicates with the upper end of the second part of the
cylinder (B). In the second part of the cylinder (B) a piston of ordinary construc-
tion works, being secured to the piston rod connected to piston (E) in part (A) of
cylinder, which rod is extended into part (B) of the cylinder for that purpose.
The lower end of this part (B) of the cylinder is closed by a cover for keeping it
clean.
The action of the cylinder is as follows:-When the piston (E) is at the com-
mencement of its stroke, (being then at the other end of part (A) of cylinder to
that shewn in Fig 1.) the valve within same has closed the ports or openings by
the tappet rods striking the stops on division plate. Steam being admitted by the
valve (D) through the port (C) forces the piston along, The ports in the piston
being closed by the valve (G) no steam can pass it, but on reaching the end of the
stroke, the valve in piston is moved by the tappet rods striking on cylinder cover,
thus opening the ports, when the steam passes through to the other side of the
piston, and the pressure is the same on both sides of the piston. The portion of
the cylinder (A) then becomes a reservoir for supplying the part (B) with steam,
(the valve (D) closing the port (C) at any desired part of the stroke, and keeping
it closed during the return stroke) and the return stroke is made by the pressure of
the steam on piston (I) in the second part of the cylinder (B), the steain passing
from the first to the second part of the cylinder by passage (J.) The valve (G) in
piston (E) being open during the return stroke, this piston makes the return stroke
without any back pressure upon it, which in ordinary engines is very considerable.
On again commencing the stroke, the valve (K) being open, the steam that has
been used to perform the down and return strokes escapes by port (L), in the case
of non-condensing engines into the atmosphere, and in the case of condensing
engines into the condenser, in which latter case the pressure of steam on piston (E)
on the down stroke, is augmented by the pressure of the atmosphere, less a loss due
to imperfect vacuum, which increase of pressure is not obtained in ordinary
engines. The port (L) is of course closed by the valve during the return stroke.
°.
The cylinder so arranged is especially applicable to engines in which the full
power is required on the down stroke, and a lesser power suffices on the return
stroke, such as single acting pumps, steam hammers, steam pile drivers, and other
machines.
Two of these cylinders may be connected to the crank or cranks of an engine,
when the power becomes equal on both the down and return strokes..
Fig. 2. shews a modification of this cylinder in which the power is equal on both
strokes, the steam acting alternately on each side of the piston in part (B) of the
cylinder. As the above description applies to this modification Fig 2 requires no
further description.
Fig. 3. is a further modification of this cylinder applicable to cases where length
of cylinder is objectionable. For the portion of cylinder (A) two smaller cylinders
are substituted, and placed one on each side of part (B), the piston rods being con-
nected together by a crosshead. The valves are the same as in Fig. 1. but not
shewn in this drawing. As the action is the same as above described except that
the passage (J) is not required, this modification needs no further description.
Fig. 5 shews the application of this cylinder to a steam hammer, and the valve
motion by which the hammer is worked and kept in control. The valve (G) in
piston (E) is worked by a rod, lever, and links, all of which travel up and down
with the piston (E), the rod attached to valve (G) being placed within a casing the
lower end of which is attached to the piston, immediately above which part there
is a slot or opening in the casing to allow the bar attached to valve (G) to move.
The valve (G) is made to close the openings in piston by stopping the rod (M) by
the lever (N) when the steam not being free to pass the piston the descent of the
tup is prevented by the pressure of steam on the piston. The steam may be
admitted and shut off by tappets and levers actuated by a roller on tup head (not
sbewn in drawing) or by the hand lever (0) The other valves and passages are
the same as in Fig 1, but not shewn in the drawing.

page_text: Fig. 6. Shews a portable arrangement of this cylinder applied to driving piles by
steam. The action and construction is precisely as described for Fig 1. except that
the piston rod is continued through bottom cover of part (B) of the cylinder, and
is connected to the tup or monkey usually employed in pile driving. The cylinder
is suspended from a jib, derrick, or sheerlegs, and the tup guided by the side
rods (P. P.) attached to the head of the pile by the clip (Q). The machine is kept
in control by the lever (R), as by raising or lowering it, the stops (T) are removed
from or brought into contact with the tappet rods for actuating the valve (G) in
the piston (E) as unless lowered to meet the tappet rods the piston comes to the
end of the stroke without the valve (G) being moved to open the ports in piston,
and consequently the tup remains suspended by the pressure of the steam on the
piston. The action is precisely as described for Fig 1. The steam acting on the
piston (E) on the up stroke, raises the tup or monkey, and on the down stroke
acting on the piston (I) and through the piston rod on the tup, very materially
increases the power of the tup or monkey, and which remark also applies to Fig 5.
By substituting an anvil for the pile head, the cylinder may be used for breaking
pigs of iron or other material, also for forging, etc.
It will be evident that the action of this cylinder may be reversed by reversing
the position of the valves, and lead of the passages,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
First. The construction of steam cylinders substantially as and for the purpose
herein described, and their application to steam engines, steam hammers, steam
pile drivers, steam pumps and other machines.
Second. The particular arrangements of same shewn in Figs 2. 3. 5 and 6, and
herein described.