Improvements in the Construction of Filter Beds for the Filtration of Liquids from Sewage Sludge, Mud, Bleachers', Dyers', Tanners', and Manufacturers' Refuse, and in Apparatus or Arrangements for Use therein, and Covering the same.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th July, 1895-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Filter Beds for the Filtration
of Liquids from Sewage Sludge, Mud, Bleachers', Dyers', Tanners',
and Manufacturers' Refuse, and in Apparatus or Arrangements
for Use therein, and Covering the same.
I, HENRY LEONARD HINNELL of 15 Mawdsley Street, Bolton in the County
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of filter beds for the
filtration of liquids from sewage sludge, mud, bleachers, dyers, tanners, and
manufacturers refuse, and in apparatus or arrangements and materials for use
therein and covering the same and consists in constructing the filter beds with
coarse and fine materials and underdrains; the drains discharge into a cavity wall
surrounding the beds the passage of air through which adimits of a thorough
aeration of the filtering materials. The cavity wall is built open above the ground
level and ventilated from the drains. The materials the filter beds are constructed
of are drain tiles, stones, clinkers, cinders, brickbats, gravel, and sand in a coarse
or fine condition. The coarser materials are placed at the bottom above the drain
tiles which are well ventilated and the fine materials form a covering for the
surface.
If desired the surface may be covered with a coating of fine coal or coke
and the like so as to render the sludge or other matter deposited on the filter beds
into a combustible condition after being dried. The surface of the filter beds may
be covered with a coating of charcoal so as to render the sludge more suitable for
spreading on grass plots, and also to deodourize any smell that may arise
therefrom.
The coverings for the sludge and refuse named above are composed of timber or
iron principals or trusses, covered with galvanized corrugated iron provided with
spaces between each sheet to permit of ventilation and circulation of air to effect
rapid drying in all temperatures. The covering sheets are laid with the
corrugations running from ridge to eaves so as to effectually carry off any rain
or moisture falling on same and convey it into troughs discharging into downspouts
connected with the air cavity walls of the filter bed. If desired the principals or
trusses of the roof may be covered with boards fixed a short space apart with
grooves near their edges to form channels to carry off the rain or moisture and
convey it as from the corrugated iron sheets.
Dated the 12th October 1894.
EDMUND CHADWICK, F.I.C.P.A.,
Agent.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Filter Beds for the Filtration:
of Liquids from Sewage Sludge, Mud, Bleachers', Dyers', Tanners',.
and Manufacturers' Refuse, and in Apparatus or Arrangements.
for Use therein, and Covering the same..
I HENRY LEONARD HINNELL.of., 15 Mawdsley Street, Bolton, in the County-
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of filter beds for the
filtration and abstraction of liquids from sewage sludge, mud, bleachers', dyers',
tanners' and manufacturers' refuse and in apparatus or arrangements and materials
for use therein and covering the same.
.
My invention consists in constructing the filter beds with coarse and fine
materials and underdrains, the drains, discharging into a cavity wall surrounding
the beds, the passage of ain through which, admits of a, thorough aeration of, the
filtering, materials.
To render my invention clearly understood I will now refer to the accompanying
drawing which represents a portion of a sectional view of a filtering and drying bed
and roofed shed, all constructed in accordance with my invention.
The filtering bed A is surrounded by a wall B, in the centre of which is a cavity
or passage C open to the air.
At the bottom of the filter bed A, which is composed of sections or strata of
different materials, I place a series of rows of aerating and moisture draining pipes
or tiles a open at the top and which preferably lie at a slope from the centre of the
filter bed and lead into the cavity in the wall B. The cavity wall B is built
upon or above the ground level and the drainage into the cavity is led away by the
pipe to any suitable discharge. Above the draining tiles a place a layer c of
rough rubble or clinkers and above that a thicker layer di of coarse cinders. Upon
the coarse cinders I lay a thickness e of fine, cinders and I may finish with. a. top
dressing of fine cinders, sand, coal, coke, breeze or charcoal, the latter, being
used to render the sludge more suitable for spreading on grass plots or the like, and
also.to.deodorize the deposit... I have found that the materials for the successive
layers I bave mentioned are very suitable for the purpose.but I do not limit, myself
to these.as I may use different mixtures of stones, clinkers, cinders, brick bats, gravel
and sand in a coarse or fine condition. In all, cases, however I place. the coarser
materials at the bottom and, the finer materials towards the top. This allows. a
more thorough permeation of the substance of the filter, bed by the air from the
drain tiles or conduits beneath:
If desired the upper surface, of, the filter bed. may be covered with a coating of
fine coal,or.coke or the like so as to render the, deposited matters, capable of being
burned after drying. When the matter to be, filtered.is, sufficiently, liquid I may
run it over the filter bed from a surrounding distributing trough g or the matter to
be filtered and dried may be otherwise spread on the filter bed. The filter bed as
constructed allows of very complete and efficient filtration and abstraction of
moisture from the refuse and the continuous passage and distribution of air through
the filter bed from the cavity wall and drain tiles or conduits causes the stuff to dry
quickly.
To shelter the deposit from the weather and dry it more quickly I cover the filter
bed with a roofed shed which I will now describe. Upon the cavity wall or resting
directly on the ground I provide uprights or columns at suitable intervals round
the filter bed. These uprights support a roof composed of rafters i and tie beams į,

page_text: while spars on the rafters carry narrow corrugated iron sheets or it might be
plain or grooved boards, the iron sheets or boards being laid with a space say of
about one inch between each, the said iron sheets or boards extending from ridge
to gutter. The spaces between the metal or wooden covering, allow free entrance
and circulation of air while protecting the deposit from rain or snow. Between the
uprights or columns I fix inclined louvre boards o which keep out wet but admit
air, the said louvre boards o being preferably set at such an angle as will deflect the
air currents down upon the filter bed. The ends m of the shed may be close
boarded. The wet falling upon the corrugated iron or wooden roofing runs down
to the gutter n whence it is discharged by down spouts into the discharging pipe of
the cavity wall. I might cover the surface of the filtering materials with boards
arranged in such a manner as to facilitate the cleansing of the same without
impairing the drying and aerating qualities of the filter bed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is.
1. The improved filtering or moisture abstracting and drying floor or bed con-
sisting of the successive layers or strata of the indicated materials or their
equivalents in combination with the sub-situated drain tiles or conduits for removing
moisture and for admitting air to the said floor or bed so as to thoroughly drain and
aerate or dry the deposit or sludge upon the filter bed substantially as described
and as illustrated.
2. As means for draining or filtering and drying sludge, mud, manufacturers'
refuse or the residual deposits from sewage or other impure liquids, the combination
of a filter bed or drying floor of the indicated nature with sub-situated drain tiles
or conduits communicating with an air space or cavity in the surrounding wall,
substantially as described and as shown in the drawings."
3. The improved means or arrangements for filtering or draining and drying
sludge, deposits, sewage residue and the like, and consisting of the combination of
the improved draining and aerating filter bed or floor as described with the
sheltering shed consisting of side spaced ventilating louvre boards or their equiva-
lents and a roof of corrugated sheet metal or boards having spaces between so as to
protect from the weather while admitting free circulation of air, substantially as
described and shown.
4. The general arrangement, construction and combination of filtering and
acrating bed or floor with the protecting ventilating shed or roof substantially as
described and illustrated.
Dated this 10th day of July 1895.
EDMUND CHADWICK, F.I.C.P.A.,
Agent.