IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Warren Thompson, of No. 5, Rue Neuve des Martyres,
Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS."
Sealed the 8th March 1864, and dated the 15th September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Warren Thompson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on the
15th September 1863.
I, WARREN THOMPSON, of No. 5, Rue Neuve des Martyres, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric telegraph apparatus.
In constructing electric telegraph apparatus, according to this Invention,. the
receiving and transmitting apparatus are arranged in such manner that the
signals are transmitted by sending continuously inverted currents of electricity
through the wires as has before sometimes been the case. The transmitting
apparatus is composed of a circle of finger keys carried by a disc or plate;
below this circle of keys, and concentric with them, is a ring carrying a number
of levers placed radially around it. The levers project beyond the pins on
which they turn, both inwards towards the centre of the ring, and also outwards
from it, and their outer ends come one below each finger key-; below this set

page_text: of levers, and concentric with the ring that carries them, is a vertical axis, on
the upper end of which is a disc or wheel; equidistant around the periphery of
this wheel are as many radial slots as there are finger keys; in each slot is a
small strip of metal, which turns on a pin carried by the wheel and projects
downwards below the wheel; on the axis of the wheel is a pinion, which gears
with a train of wheels that is set in motion by a spring, so that the axis always
tends to rotate, the wheel is however prevented from turning by one or other
of the small strips of metal carried by the wheel being turned on its pin into
such a position that it comes against a fixed pin, and so acts as a stop. Above
the inner ends of the circle of levers that are acted on by the finger keys is the
end of one arm of a lever, which when any one of the inner arms of the circle
of levers is raised by a finger key being depressed, is raised; also this lever
transmits motion to a bell-crank lever so placed that one of its arms shall, when
the lever is moved, act on the small stop that prevents the wheel revolving, and
push it clear of the fixed pin, so setting the wheel free to revolve. Each one
of the circle of levers when depressed also acts on one of the small stops carried
by the wheel, and pushes it into such a position that it shall, as the wheel which
carries it revolves, be brought against the fixed pin; the distance that the
wheel is allowed to revolve will thus depend upon which of the keys is depressed.
On the axis of the wheel is an escape wheel, around the periphery of which
there are half as many notches as there are finger keys; this wheel, when the
axis turns, gives a to-and-fro motion to a lever, one arm of which is formed
into a fork, and the two ends of the fork as the wheel revolves alternately enter
and are forced out from the notches in opposite sides of the wheel; the other
arm of the lever is provided with a weight which can be set at any distance
from the centre of the lever, and the speed at which the axis can revolve may
thus be regulated; the lever as it is forced to oscillate to and fro causes the
connection between one or other of the wires from a battery and the line wire
to be completed, and alternately sends reverse currents through it, and the
number of currents will depend on the distance the wheel is allowed to
revolve.
..
.
The receiving apparatus is composed of a permanent, or it may be an electro
bar magnet, capable of rocking on an axis; the bar magnet. is placed between
two horse-shoe electro-magnets placed one on each side of. the bar magnet;
opposite poles of the magnets being opposite each other, the current of electricity
from the line wire is caused to pass through the coils of both electro-magnets,
one electro-magnet will then attract and the other repel the bar magnet; when
the current is reversed the electro-magnet that before attracted the bar magnet
now repels it, and the one that before repelled now attracts it, so that the bar

page_text: magnet is rocked to and fro on its axis; carried by an arm from the axis of
the bar magnet is an escapement, this works in an escapement wheel on a
vertical axis driven by a chain of wheels actuated by a spring; the escapement
wheel is formed with half as many teeth as there are keys in the transmitting
apparatus, and for each movement of the magnet the wheel turns a distance
equal to half the space between the teeth; on the top of this vertical axis is a
type wheel carring as many type as there are finger keys in the transmitting
apparatus. This wheel is not fast on the axis, but is carried by a hollow axis
which can turn around it; the wheel is, however, made fast upon it by a sliding.
clutch, so that when by the bar magnet being moved the escapement allows
the escapement wheel to turn, the type wheel is turned also; two strips
of paper are moved past one portion of the periphery of the type wheel, one
strip being white and the other black, the black is prepared so that when
pressed against the white strip a portion of the black shall be transferred to
the white strip. When the type wheel has been allowed to. turn until the
letter that is required to be printed is opposite the strips of paper, a roller is
caused to roll over the type, and the two strips of paper are pressed between
them, thus printing the letter on the strip of white paper. The type wheel is
then caused to return to zero, the strips of paper are moved forwards, and the
same operation is repeated for each letter. The clutch by which the type
wheel is made fast on the axis of the escapement wheel is formed in the
following manner :-On the bottom of the hollow axis is a wheel having teeth
formed around the outer circumference of its under side, beneath the, wheel is
another similar wheel, also carried by a tube on the axis; this tube is free to
slide along the axis, but always turns with it; thus when this tube is slid along
the axis, so that its teeth gear with the teeth of the wheel on the hollow axis
of the type wheel, the type wheel will be caused to turn with it; the two wheels
are usually kept in gear by the sliding wheel being pressed upwards by a spiral
spring. Around the hollow axis of the sliding clutch wheel is a groove em-.
braced by a fork, this fork turns on an axis. from. which an arm projects; this
arm when it is desired to set the type wheel free is moved by a cam in such
manner that the fork is caused to draw down the sliding clutch wheel out of
gear. Around the hollow axis of the type wheel, is a spiral spring, one end of
which is connected to the hollow axis, and the other to the framing, this.spring
when the hollow axis is free to turn revolves the type wheel until an arm on the
hollow axis comes against a stop; this stop is carried by a lever that is pressed by
a spring against the hollow axis of the sliding clutch wheel, and when to set
the type wheel free the sliding clutch is drawn down out of gear, this lever enters
the groove formed around its axis and holds it down until the type wheel has

page_text: .
been turned back by its spring, so that the arm on its axis is brought against
the stop and the lever that carries it has thus been pressed back out of the
groove; the sliding clutch wheel is then pressed upwards by its spring into
gear with the wheel on the axis of the type wheel, the type wheel is not rigidly
connected to its hollow axis, but is connected to it in such manner that when
as the type wheel is being turned back by its spring to zero, and its hollow
axis is suddenly stopped by coming against the stop above mentioned, the type
wheel can still continue to revolve a slight distance, it then turning around its
hollow axis. A spring carried by the hollow axis afterwards brings the type
wheel back to its former position in respect to the hollow axis, this gives time
for the sliding clutch wheel as soon as it is set free by the stop being moved as
above described to rise up into and gear correctly with the wheel on the hollow
axis of the type wheel; this the sliding clutch would not have time to do if
the type wheel were rigidly connected to its hollow axis as the wheel would
then rebound immediately that the arm on its axis came against the stop.
The cam that works the sliding clutch as above mentioned is carried by an
axis that is in gear with a.train of wheels driven by a spiral spring; this axis
is allowed to make one revolution (as soon as the type to be printed has by the
revolution of the type wheel been brought opposite the roller) by means of an
escapement operated in the following manner: -On the cam axis is an arm
which comes against the ends of one or other of two pins or rods that.are at
their other ends connected to arms projecting from opposite sides of an axis
which has a partial rotary to-and-fro motion given to it in the manner herein-
after described; this oscillating motion of the axis first draws back one pin
away from the arm on the cam axis, and then the other, and when both have
been moved away the cam axis is free to make a revolution, and is then stopped
by the arm on the cam axis coming against the pin that was first moved as
this pin is (before the arm is free of the second pin) moved so that the arm
shall come against it as soon as the axis has made a revolution; the oscillating
motion is given to the axis at the required time by an arm or claw on the axis
entering into teeth formed in the periphery of a wheel, which is carried by the
axis of the type wheel; as soon as the axis of the type wheel commences to
turn the teeth of the toothed wheel strike against the claw and move it outwards
from the wheel, and continue to keep it in this position until the wheel stops;
the moving the claw into this position turns the axis in one direction and draws
back the first pin clear of the arm on the cam axis; as soon as the type wheel
stops, the claw is immediately moved back and caused to enter one of the
teeth of the wheel, thus again moving the axis and causing the second rod or
pin to be drawn back clear of the arm, the cam axis can thus make a complete

page_text: revolution as soon as the type wheel ceases to move. In order to move back the
claw-into the teeth of the wheel as soon as the axis of the wheel ceases to turn
an arm on the axis is acted on by a weighted lever, the upper end of this lever
being formed into a fork that embraces the arm, and the lower end being
provided with a weight, which tends to keep the claw in the teeth of the wheel
as the weight is raised when the claw is moved out from the teeth of the wheel,
and falls to move the claw back again. In order to prevent the weight re-
bounding after falling, and so possibly again allowing the cam axis to turn, the
weighted lever turns around the hollow axis of a wheel that turns freely on a
pin; the lever is connected to the wheel by a spring, so that when the weighted
lever is turned the wheel moves with it; when, however, the weight falls to its
original position, and brings the lever back against a stop, the wheel can still
continue to turn a short distance, the spring which connects the two together
then giving way. The weight and momentum of the wheel will thus neutralize
the rebound of the weighted lever. The axis which carries the cam that acts
on the clutch to set the type wheel free has also an excentric upon it which
causes the roller to roll over the type to be printed. The roller is carried by
a spring arm projecting from an axis from which another arm projects that is
embraced by a forked arm of a lever, the other arm of which is acted on by
the excentric; on the cam axis is also a small pinion or wheel having one tooth
projecting from its circumference; this pinion works with a toothed wheel that
is on the axis of a spiked roller that moves forward the white strip of paper;
the axis of the spiked roller is also geared by toothed wheels with the axis of
a roller that moves the black strip of paper, but this roller moves the black
strip at a much slower speed than the white strip is moved. The small wheel
furnished with one tooth, and also the excentric and cam that are carried by
the axis are so fixed around the axis that as soon as the type wheel is brought
to the required position, and the cam axis set free to turn once round, the pinion
upon it first causes the strips of paper to be moved, the eccentric then causes
the roller to roll over the type, and, lastly, the cam acts to set the type wheel
free to return to zero, and this operation is repeated for every letter that has
to be printed. If the instrument is to be used as a relay instrument, an
escapement wheel, similar to the escapement wheel of the transmitting instru-
ment, is placed on the axis of the type wheel; this escapement wheel is caused
to give motion to a lever, which is caused to make and break contact between
the wires of a battery and the line wire, and to send as many reverse currents
through the wire as are sent by the first transmitting instrument.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Warren Thompson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th March 1864."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WARREN
THOMPSON, of No. 5, Rue Neuve des Martyres, Paris, in the Empire of France,
send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Warren Thompson, Her special licence that I, the said Warren Thompson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Warren
Thompson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPH APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Warren Thompson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Warren Thompson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in electric telegraph
apparatus. In constructing electric telegraph apparatus, according to this
Invention, the receiving and transmitting apparatus are arranged in such manner
that the signals are transmitted by sending continuously inverted currents of
electricity through the wires as has before sometimes been the case.
The Drawings hereunto annexed shew an electric telegraph apparatus
constructed according to my Invention. The transmitting and receiving
parts of the apparatus are in the arrangement shewn in the Drawings
combined into one machine, the two parts of the apparatus might however,
if preferred, be separated into two distinct and separate machines.

page_text: Figure 1 shews a plan view of the machine; Figure 2 a plan with the top
frame removed; Figure 3 a longitudinal section; Figure 4 a transverse
section through transmitting apparatus; Figure 5 an end view of receiving
end of apparatus; Figures 6 and 6* shew separately the type wheel axis, and
the cam axis of the receiving apparatus, and Figure 7 shews an under side
view of type wheel.
The transmitting apparatus is composed of a circle of finger keys a, a,
carried by a disc or plate b, below this circle of keys and concentric with them
is a ring c carrying a number of levers d placed radially around it; the
levers & project beyond the pins d' on which they turn both inwards towards
the centre of the ring c, and also outwards from it, and their outer ends come
one below each finger key; below this set of levers d, and concentric with the
ring c that carries them is a vertical axis e, on the upper end of which is a
disc or wheel f; equidistant around the periphery of this wheel are as many
radial slots as there are finger keys, in each slot is a small strip of metal g
which turns on a pin carried by the wheel and projects downwards below the
wheel. The pin on which the strips of metal 9 turn is composed of a ring h
of wire which passes through a small hole in each of the strips, this ring of
wire is received in a groove made in the upper surface of the wheelf near its
outer periphery. On the axis e of the wheel is a pinion which gears with a
train of wheels that is set in motion by a spring contained in the barrel k.so
that the axis always tends to rotate, the axis is however prevented from
turning by one or other of the small strips of metal.g carried by the wheel. f
being turned on its pin into such a position that it comes against a fixed pin.
and so acts as a stop. Above the inner ends of the circle of levers that are
acted on by the finger keys is the end of one arm of a lever m which when any
one of the inner arms of the circle of levers is raised by a finger key being
depressed -is-raised also; this lever transmits motion to a bell-crank lever'n so
placed that one of its arms shall, when the lever is moved, act on the small stop
that prevents the wheel revolving and push it clear of the fixed pin l so setting
the wheelf free to revolve. Each one of the circle of levers d when depressed
also acts on one of the small stops 9 carried by the wheel fand pushes it into
such a position that it shall, as the wheel f revolves, be brought against. the
fixed pin-7, the distance that the wheel is allowed to revolve will thus depend
upon which of the keys is depressed. On the axis.e of the wheel fis-an
escape wheel o around the periphery of which there are half as many notches
as there are finger keys, this wheel, when the axis e turns, gives a to-and-fro
motion to a lever or pendulum p, one arm of which is formed into a fork.and
the two ends of the fork as the wheel revolves alternately enter and are forced

page_text: out from the notches in opposite sides of the wheel, the lever p and parts
connected therewith are shown at Figures 4* and 4**, the other arm of the lever
is provided with a weight which can be set at any distance from the centre of
the lever and the speed at which the axis can revolve may thus be regulated,
on the axis of the lever is a fork, which as the lever is forced to oscillate to-
and-fro causes the connection between one or other of the wires from a battery
and the line wire to be completed and alternately sends reverse currents
through it as is well understood, and the number of currents will depend on
the distance the wheel is allowed to revolve. The receiving apparatus is
composed of a permanent bar magnet 9 or it may be an electro-magnet capable
of rocking on an axis, the bar magnet q is placed between two horse-shoe
electro-magnets q', 9', placed one on each side of the bar magnet q, opposite
poles of the magnets being opposite each other, the current of electricity from
the line wire is caused to pass through the coils of both electro-magnets, one
electro-magnet will then attract and the other repel the bar magnet, when the
current is reversed the electro-magnet that before attracted the bar magnet
now repels it, and the one that before repelled now attracts it, so that the bar
magnet is rocked to and fro on its axis, carried by an arm q²; from the axis of
the bar magnet is an escapement composed of two pins q³, q³, these pins work
in an escapement wheel r on a vertical axis 7 driven by a chain of wheels
actuated by a spring contained in the barrels, the escapement wheel r is
formed with half as many teeth as there are keys in the transmitting apparatus
and for each movement of the magnet the wheel turns a distance equal to half
the space between the teeth, the teeth of the wheel coming alternately
against the two pins ³; on the top of this vertical axis is a type wheel & carrying
as many type as there are finger keys in the transmitting apparatus, this wheel
is not fast on the axis 1 but is carried by a hollow axis t which can turn
around it, the wheel t is however made fast upon it by a sliding clutch so that
when by the bar magnet being moved, the escapement allows the escapement
wheel to turn the type wheel is turned also, two strips of paper are moved past
one portion of the periphery of the type wheel, one strip being white and shewn
by red lines in the Drawing, and the other black and shewn by a black line in
the Drawings, the black is prepared so that when pressed against the white
strip a portion of the black. shall be transferred to the white strip. When
the type wheel has been allowed to turn until the letter that is required to be
printed is opposite the strips of paper, a roller 1 is caused to roll over the type
and the two strips of paper are pressed between them, thus printing the letter
on the strip of white paper, the type wheel is then caused to return to zero,
the strips of paper are moved forwards, and the same operation is repeated for

page_text: each letter. The clutch by which the type wheel t is made fast on the axis 7+1
of the escapement wheel is formed in the following manner :-On the
bottom of the hollow axis t' is a wheel & having teeth formed around the outer
circumference of its under side, beneath the wheel is another similar wheel t³ also
carried by a tube t' on the axis, this tube is free to slide along the axis but always
turns with it; thus, when this tube t' is slid along the axis so that the teeth
of the wheel & gear with the teeth of the wheel t, the type wheel will be
caused to turn with it; the two wheels are usually kept in gear by the sliding
wheel being pressed upwards by a spiral spring u. Around the hollow axis
of the sliding clutch wheel t³ is a groove embraced by a fork, this fork turns
on an axis from which an arm projects; this arm, when it is desired to set
the type wheel free, is moved by a cam vin such manner that the fork is
caused to draw down the sliding clutch wheel out of gear. Around the hollow
axis t' of the type wheel is a spiral spring contained in the barrel or case t³,
the exterior of which is attached to the framing; one end of the spring is
connected to the hollow axis t, and the other to the interior of the barrel or
case t; this spring, when the hollow axis is free to turn, revolves the type
wheel t until an arm te on the hollow axis t¹ comes against a stop w¹; this
stop wis carried by a lever w that is pressed by a spring w against the
hollow axis t' of the sliding clutch wheel to, and when, to set the type wheel t
free, the sliding clutch is drawn down out of gear, this lever w enters a
groove formed around its axis and holds it down until the type wheel t has
been turned back by its spring t* so that the arm to on the axis t¹ is brought
against the stop w³ and the lever w that carries it has thus been pressed back
out of the groove; the sliding clutch wheel t³ is then pressed upwards by its
spring u into gear with the wheel & on the axis of the type wheel t; the type
wheel t is not rigidly connected to its hollow axis t', but is connected to it in
such manner that when, as the type wheel is being turned back by its spring
to zero, and its hollow axis is suddenly stopped by coming against the stop
above mentioned, the type wheel can still continue to revolve a slight distance.
it then turning around its hollow axis; a spring x, see Fig. 7, carried by the
hollow axis t' afterwards brings the type wheel t back to its former position in
respect to the hollow axis; this gives time for the sliding clutch wheel t³, as
soon as it is set free by the stop w² being moved as above described, to rise up
into and gear correctly with the wheel on the hollow axis t¹ of the type
wheel; this the sliding clutch would not have time to do if the type wheel
were rigidly connected to its bollow axis, as the wheel would then rebound
immediately that the arm on its axis came against the stop; the cam v. that
works the sliding clutch as above mentioned is carried by an axis v¹ that is

page_text: in gear with a train of wheels driven by a spiral spring contained in the
barrel; the axis v¹ is allowed to make one revolution (as soon as the type
to be printed has, by the revolution of the type wheel t, been brought opposite
the roller 1) by means of an escapement operated in the following manner:-
On the cam axis v¹ is an arm v³ which comes against the ends of one or other
of two pins or rods,v, v, that are at their other ends connected to arms 2
projecting from opposite sides of an axis 3 which has a partial rotary to-and-fro
motion given to it in the manner herein-after described; this oscillating
motion of the axis first draws back one of the pins away from the arm on
the cam axis and then the other, and when both have been moved away the
cam axis vis free to make a revolution, and is then stopped by the arm v² on
the cam axis coming against the pin that was first moved, as this pin is
before the arm is free of the second pin moved so that the arm shall come
against it as soon as; the axis has made a revolution; the oscillating motion is
given to the axis 3 at the required time by an arm or claw 4 on the axis 3,
entering into teeth formed in the periphery of a wheel which is carried by
the.axis, of the type wheel t; as soon as the axis of the type wheel com-
mences to turn, the teeth of the toothed wheel strike against the claw 4
and move it outwards from the wheel and continue to keep it in this position
until the wheel stops; the moving the claw into this position turns the axis 3
in one direction and draws back the first pin clear of the arm v³ on the cam
axis v¹; as soon as the type wheel stops the claw 4 is immediately moved
back and caused to enter one of the teeth of the wheel r³, thus again moving
the axis and causing the second rod or pin to be drawn back clear of the
arm v²; the cam axis v¹ can thus make a complete revolution as soon as the
type wheel ceases to move. In order to move back the claw 4 into the teeth
of the wheel 2, as soon as the axis 3 of the wheel ceases to turn, an arm 5 on
the axis 3 is acted on by a weighted lever 6, see Fig. 8, that turns on a centre
at 7; the upper end of this lever is formed into a fork that embraces the
arm 5, and the lower end is provided with a weight 8 which tends to keep
the claw 4 in, the teeth of the wheel as the weight is raised when the claw
is moved out from the teeth of the wheel, and falls to move the claw back
again, the weight, however, has not time to fall so long as the axis continues
to, turn, but as soon as the axis ceases to turn the weight immediately falls.
In order to prevent the weight rebounding after falling, and so possibly again
allowing the cam axis v¹ to turn, the weighted lever 6 turns around the hollow
axis 7 of a wheel 9 that turns freely on a pin; the lever 6 is connected to the
wheel 9 by a spring 10, so that when the weighted lever is turned the wheel
moves with it; when, however the weight falls to its original position and

page_text: brings the lever back against a stop, the wheel can still continue to turn a
short distance, the spring which, connects the two together then giving way;
the weight and momentum of the wheel will thus neutralize the rebound of
the weighted lever. The axis v¹ which carries the cam v that acts on the clutch
to set the type wheel free has also an excentric upon it which causes the
roller 1. to roll over the type to be printed. The roller 1 is carried by a spring
arm 12 projecting from an axis from which another arm 18 projects that is
formed into a fork that embraces an arm of a lever that is acted on by the
excentric 14; on the cam axis is also a small pinion or wheel 15 having one
tooth projecting from its circumference; this pinion works with a toothed
wheel that is on the axis of a spiked roller 16 that moves förward the white
strip of paper; the axis of the spiked roller is also geared by the toothed
wheel 17 (shewn by red lines in Figure 1) with the axis of a roller 18,
between which and a roller 19 the black strip of paper is nipped; the roller 18
moves (as will be seen by the diameter of the wheel 18) the black strip at a
much slower speed than the white strip is moved, a comparatively small
quantity of black paper will thus be used as compared with the quantity of
the white paper. The small wheel .15 furnished with one tooth, and also the
excentric 14 and cam v that are carried by the axis v³, are so fixed around the
axis that as soon as the type wheel is brought to the required position and the
cam axis set free to turn once round, the pinion upon it first causes the strips
of paper to be moved, the excentric then causes the roller to roll over the
type, and, lastly, the cam acts to set the type wheel free to return to zero, and
this operation is repeated for every letter that has to be printed. If the
instrument is to be used as a relay instrument an escapement wheel o similar
to the escapement wheel of the transmitting instrument is placed on the axis
of the type wheel; this escapement wheel is. caused to give motion to a lever
which is caused to make and break contact between the wires of a battery
and the line wire, and to send as many reverse currents through the wire as
are sent by the first transmitting instrument. The lever and apparatus
connected with it is not shown in the Drawing.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is,-
First, the general arrangement and combination of the machinery herein
described.
Second, the combination of a wheel f carrying a number of lever stops, each
capable of turning on a pin or axis, with a circle of levers and finger keys, as
herein described.
Third, the constructing apparatus for receiving telegraphic signals in such

page_text: manner that the movements of the apparatus are produced by alternately
reversed currents of electricity being passed through the coils of two electro-
magnets placed opposite to each other, the two magnets then acting on a
bar magnet capable of oscillating between them, as herein described. I also
claim the forming the oscillating bar with an arm that itself carries the
escapement by which the movements of the apparatus are controlled, as herein
described.
Fourth, I claim constructing printing telegraphs in such manner that the
printing is caused by a roller carried by a spring arm being made to roll over
the type to be printed, and thereby nip a strip of white paper and a strip of
colored or black paper between the roller and the type as herein described.
Fifth, I claim the preventing the type wheel from rebounding after it has
returned to its zero or starting point by connecting the type wheel with the
axis that carries it by a spring, as herein described.
Sixth, I claim the combining with the axis (3) a lever 6 arranged in the
manner herein described.
Seventh, I claim the constructing printing telegraphs in such manner that
the black or colored paper shall be caused to travel at a slower speed than the
white paper.
Eighth, I claim placing an escapement wheel o on the axis r¹ of the type
wheel of the receiving apparatus, so that the apparatus may be used as a relay
instrument, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Warren Thompson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
WADDEN THOMPSON
WARREN THOMPSON. (..)