Improvements in Surveyors' Levels.
Year: 1895

page_text: Improvements in Surveyors' Levels.
WILLIAM FORD STANLEY, of 4 and 5 Great Turnstile, Holborn, W.C. in
the County of London, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
The object of my invention is to construct a surveyors level which can be used
for all the operations of levelling and in addition will directly measure and indicate
gradients and to carry my improvements into effect construct my level as
follows:-
The stage centre and setting up parts of the instrument may be of any of the
known forms and the telescope is of the ordinary nature but instead of the telescope
having the ordinary collars affixed, which fit into Ys or are screwed to the stage
I attach collars having horizontal trunnions on either side. The collar nearest the
object end of the telescope is supported by its trunnions in suitable bearings carried
up from the stage and the collar nearest the eye end is supported by its trunnions
in suitable bearings carried up from a screw. This screw projects downwards and
passes through a nut which nut revolves in a collar the said collar having trunnions
supported in bearings formed in the end of the stage. The nut is carried below
the stage and has attached to it a suitable drum and this drum terminates in a large
milled head for the purpose of revolving it by hand. The drum has a screw cut
upon its outer surface and an index ring fits into this screw and over the drum.
A casing is fitted round the drum attached to the collar which carries the nut.
This casing has an opening in front to see the drum and the index ring fits this opening
to prevent it from revolving. A sliding cover fits over the casing which by being
revolved opens or closes the opening in the casing. The drum is suitably divided
upon its outer surface the divisions reading to indices upon the index ring. When
the telescope is level the index ring is in the centre part of the length of the drum
and the indices read zero, upon revolving the drum by its milled head the nut to
which the drum is attached also revolves in the collar which supports it, and as the
nut revolves so the screw carrying the bearings supporting the trunnioned collar at
the eye end of the telescope is raised or depressed according to the direction the
drum is revolved. The amount of elevation or depression is read by the index
ring indices and gives by the divisions the gradient or angle upon which the
telescope is sighted. The ordinary long and cross bubbles or spirit levels are
attached to the telescope and another long bubble may be attached if preferred to
the stage so that the telescope need not always have to be put back to zero for
setting up the instrument when in use on a series of gradients.
Various modifications may be made and any suitable materials used.
LOCAL Jn of March 1895
H. T. TALLACK,
10 Great Turnstile, Holborn, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Surveyors' Levels.
WILLIAM FORD STANLEY of 4 and 5 Great Turnstile, Holborn, W.C. in
the County of London, Optician do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to construct a surveyors level which can be used
for all the operations of levelling and in addition will directly measure and indicate
gradients.
To carry my improvements into effect I construct my level as follows. The
stage centre and setting up parts of the instrument and telescope may be of any of
the known forms. Instead of the telescope having the ordinary collars affixed,
which fit into Y's or are screwed to the stage, I attach collars having horizontal
trunnions on each side. The collar nearest the object end of the telescope is
supported by its trunnions in suitable bearings carried up from the stage and the
collar nearest the eye end is supported by its trunnions in suitable bearings carried
up from a screw. This screw projects downwards and passes through a nut which
nut revolves in a collar the said collar having trunnions supported in bearings formed
in the end of the stage. The nut is carried below the stage and has attached to it
a suitable drum and this drum terminates in a large milled head for the purpose of
revolving it by hand.
The drum has a screw cut upon its outer surface and an index ring fits into this
screw and over the drum.
A. casing is fitted round the drum attached to the collar which carries the nut,
this casing has an opening in front to see the drum and the index ring fits this
opening to prevent it from revolving. A sliding cover fits over the casing which
by being partly revolved opens or closes the opening in the casing.
The drum is suitably divided upon its outer surface the divisions reading to
indices upon the index ring.
When the telescope is level the index ring is in the centre part of the length of
the drum and the indices read zero, upon revolving the drum by its milled head,
the nut to which the drum is attached also revolves in the collar which supports it,
and as the nut revolves so the screw carrying the bearings supporting the trunnioned
collar at the eye end of the telescope is raised or depressed according to the direction
the drum is revolved, the amount of elevation or depression is read by the index
ring indices and gives by the divisions the gradient or angle upon which the telescope
is sighted.
The ordinary long and cross bubbles or spirit levels are attached to the telescope.
Another long bubble or cross bubble may be attached if preferred to the stage so
that the telescope need not always have to be put back to zero for setting up the
instrument when in use on a series of gradients.
The screw arrangement for elevating and depressing the telescope may be reversed
if desired by making the drum revolve a screw and forming the lower projecting
part of the Y support into a nut or internal threaded tube, by this means the screw
arrangement is entirely covered and kept from wear from the intrusion of dust, grit
or the like.
This instrument may also be used for registering elevations and depressions
either in degrees, minutes or yards or other measures, by the drum being graduated
accordingly, but in this instance I preferably do away with the ordinary vertical
centre and attach arms to the stage terminating in a bar, which bar is provided
with a lug, this arrangement allows of the telescope being placed in a bracket and
levelled crosswise by means of a screw attached to the bracket and when so placed

page_text: will indicate any elevation or depression of anything moving in vertical arc upon.
horizontal axes.
Various modifications may be made and any suitable materials used. This.
invention may be applied to any other instrument.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1, represents an elevation of a surveyors level combined with my
improvements for indicating or measuring gradients.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of an instrument for indicating or measuring elevations or
depressions only, and is a form suitable for applying to anything which moves in
vertical arc upon horizontal trunnions.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged section through a b of Figures 1 and 2 showing the details
of the mechanism which forms the principal subject of my invention.
Similar letters denote corresponding parts in all the drawings.
A is the telescope. B. B the fixed collars, C the bearing fixed to the stage D,
E is the adjustable bearing, F the screw revolving in the trunnioned collar G
working in bearings H, and actuated by milled head I, J is the drum, K the index.
ring, L the nut which fixes the drum to F and M is the cover for protecting the
drum.
Fig. 1, N is an ordinary level centre with Tribrach adjustment; Fig. 2, O is the
bar affixed to the stage by arms P P carrying levelling lug Q.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
or
1. The combination in instruments for indicating or reading elevation
depression in degrees, grades, yards or other measure. Of a telescope fitted
with collars carrying horizontal trunnions or axes, one end axis or axes working
in a fixed support and the opposite end axis or axes being carried by a support fitted
with a male or female screw, the said screw working into an opposite screw
revolving in a collar attached to the stage of the instrument by the movement of
which the telescope is elevated or depressed. The said opposite screw carrying a
drum screwed upon its outer surface and having an index ring or other index
working into this screw so that when the drum is revolved the index ring or other
index is carried up or down and reads to the extended scale engraved upon the
surface of the drum.
2. The improvements substantially as herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
1000
H. T. TALLACK,
10 Great Turnstile, Holborn, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.