IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Samuelson, of 28, Cornhill, in the City
of London, Engineer and Iron Shipbuilder, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Samuelson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1862.
I, ALEXANDER SAMUELSON, of 28, Cornhill, in the City of London,
Engineer and Iron Shipbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSES, AND IN
THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
accumulating apparatus to be used in combination with hydrostatic presses.
for crushing seeds, nuts, or other fatty substances, and consists essentially in
the adaptation to such presses of an accumulator so arranged that one weight
produces two distinct pressures, one considerably greater (by preference about

page_text: nine times greater) than the other. This is effected in the following manner:
-There is a lower cylinder containing oil, water, or other liquid; in this
cylinder a ram is fitted in the usual manner. Above this ram, and forming a
continuation of it, is an upper ram about one-third the diameter of the lower
one; this smaller ram is inserted into an inverted cylinder, also containing oil,
water, or other liquid, and which cylinder is imbedded in and forms part of
the weight or load.
There is no communication between the two cylinders, each being charged
by its own pump or pumps through proper pipes, these pipes also communi-
cating with the stop boxes attached to the presses. A stop box may be fitted
to each press, or one stop box may communicate with and actuate several
presses. Each stop box is fitted with three ordinary cone valves, viz., one
communicating with the low-pressure cylinder of the accumulator, one with
the high pressure, and the third to discharge the presses. The spindles of
these valves have rather coarse pitched threads upon them working through
the packing glands as nuts, and above these threads, on the tops of the
spindles, are cams actuated so as to open and shut the valves by a central
cam and handle, and so arranged that by one revolution of this central
cam all the valves are successively opened and shut as required in the
operation of oil expressing; thus when a press, or several presses in connection
have been filled with the said bags (the stop box during that operation being
open to the discharge) the handle is moved through one-third of its revo-
lution, by which the discharge is closed, and low-pressure opened. When
the press ram or rams have been raised the height due to their pressure, the
handle is moved through another third of its revolution, thus closing the low
and opening the high pressure. At this the press or presses remain till the
oil is completely expressed, when by moving the handle through the remaining
third of its revolution, the high-pressure valve is closed, and the discharge
valve opened, thus relieving the presses, the rams of which immediately
descend.
In these three operations with the stop box handle the closing of the one
valve takes place an instant before the opening of the other, and the movement
can only be made in the proper direction. The discharge oil, water, or other
liquid from the press cylinders is returned into the pump cistern in the usual
manner, and is again available for being forced back into the accumulator.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Samuelson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
SAMUELSON, of 28, Cornhill, in the City of London, Engineer and Iron Ship-
builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her Inost Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alexander Sanielson, Her special license that I, the said Alexander
Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alexander Samuelson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE WORKING OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alexander Samuelson, my executors and administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Samuelson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
accumulating apparatus to be used in combination with bydrostatic presses for
crushing seeds, nuts, and other fatty substances, and consists essentially in the
adaptation to such presses of an accumulator so arranged that one weight
produces two distinct pressures, one considerably greater (by preference about
nine times greater) than the other. This is éffected in the following manner:
-There is a lower cylinder containing oil, water, or other liquid; in this

page_text: cylinder a ram is fitted in the usual manner.
Above this ram, and forming a
continuation of it, is an upper ram about one-third the diameter of the lower
one; this smaller ram is inserted into an inverted cylinder, also containing
oil, water, or other liquid, and which cylinder is imbedded in, and forms part
of the weight or load. There is no communication between the two cylinders,
each being charged by its own pump or pumps through proper pipes, these
pipes also communicating with the stop boxes attached to the presses. A
stop box may be fitted to each press, or one stop box may communicate with
and actuate several presses. Each stop box is fitted with three ordinary conc
valves, namely, one communicating with the low-pressure cylinder of the
accumulator, one with the high-pressure, and a third to discharge the presses.
The spindles of these valves have rather coarse-pitched threads upon them
working through the packing glands as nuts, and above these threads, on the
tops of the spindles, are cams actuated so as to open and shut the valves by a
central cam and handle, and so arranged, that by one revolution of this
central cam all the valves are successively opened and shut, as required, in
the operation of oil expressing.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a partial sectional elevation of my
improved accumulator, shewing its connection with the working pumps and
with a series of four presses; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same,
and the rest of the Figures are enlarged details of the stop box in connection
with the presses.
A represents the working pumps; B is the improved accumulator; C, a
series of hydrostatic presses; and D, a peculiar form of stop box and mecha-
nism for working the valves, herein-after fully described in reference to Figures
3, 4, 5, and 6.
The pumps may be of the usual construction, but I prefer to employ the
arrangement for which Letters Patent were granted to me on or about the
Twenty-fifth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two,
No. 203. They communicate direct by means of the high and low pressure
pipes a and b, respectively colored red and green in the Drawing, with the
stop box D, herein-after fully described. A vertical branch from the high-
pressure pipe a, which is supplied from the small pumps, leads to the small

page_text: cylinder c of the accumulator, whilst the low-pressure pipe b (supplied from
the large pumps) communicates by a short lateral horizontal branch with
the lower and larger cylinder d of the accumulator; e is a heavy weight or
series of weights, inside of which is fitted the small inverted cylinder c; it is
guided in its ascent or descent by the vertical guides f, f, fixed on a strong
bed plate g, and braced together at the top by the cross beam h. The high-
pressure pipe a passes through a stuffing box i in the bottom of one side of
the casting in which the small cylinder is formed, so as to allow of the rise
and fall of the weight, with its contained. cylinder c, along the pipe a, which
passes through the casting before referred to, and through a vertical tube or
cylinder k, secured to the upper end of the casting a packing gland 1, forming
a liquid-tight joint at the upper end of the tube. One or more small aper-
tures are made in the side of the pipe a, through which, and through the
small passage m in the casting the oil or other liquid employed is forced into
the small inverted cylinder c, so as to act upon the small ram n working
inside it. This ram forms a continution of the larger ram o working inside
the larger cylinder d, which may be cast in one piece with the bed plate g.
It will thus be seen that the cylinders c and d of the accumulator have no
connection with each other, being supplied from the small and large pumps
respectively.
Figure 3 represents a side elevation of my improved stop box D; Figure 4
is a corresponding sectional plan of the same taken along the line 1, 2, in
Figure 5; Figure 5 is a vertical section taken along the line 3, 4, in Figure 4;
and Figure 6 is a plan of the top of the stop box, shewing the peculiar mode
of actuating the several valve spindles. p is the body of the stop box, into
the bottom of which are made four vertical passages, namely, one central
passage in connection with the press pipe q, and three outer passages in con-
nection respectively with the high-pressure pipe a, low-pressure pipe b, and
waste pipe r, which latter is colored blue in my Drawings. These three outer
passages are respectively closed by the valve spindles a¹, b', and r³, and all
communicate by radial passages, as shewn in Figure 4, with the central
or press pipe. A screw thread is formed on the upper end of each valve
spindle, and works through the packing gland as a nut, so that by partially
rotating each spindle, it will be raised or lowered, thereby opening or closing
the valve accordingly. Three cams a", 6", and 11, are severally fitted on to
their respective valve spindles, and are operated upon successively so as to
open the valves by a wiper s formed on the boss of, the horizontal lever
handle t turning on the centre t'. A stud u projecting down from the under side

page_text: of the lever handle t, and pressed forward by a spring v, serves to reverse the
motion of the valve spindles, and close the valves as the handle is rotated.
The object of the spring is to force the stud u over the points of the cams,
and thereby ensure the effectual closing of the valves.
Although my Drawings only shew one such stop box in connection with a
series of presses, each individual press may, if preferred, be provided with a
similar stop box, so as to admit of the presses being worked independently of
each other. The following is the mode of working a press, or a series of
presses, according to my Invention:-The press or presses having been filled
with seed bags in the usual manner, the valve 1 of the stop box during that
operation being open to the discharge or waste pipe r, and the pumps A
having been in operation so as to fill the two cylinders c and d of the accu-
mulator, and raise the pressure load e to its full extent, the bandle t is then
moved through one-third of its revolution in the direction of the curved arrow
(Figure 6,) thereby first closing the waste pipe through the action of the
stud u upon the corner u¹ of the cam" (in Figure 6 the handle is repre-
sented as having just passed this cam, and effected the closing of the valve),
as the handle is moved round the wiper s sets against the smaller radius of
the cam 6" in connection with the valve bi of the low-pressure pipe b, and
opens such valve, when a portion of the liquid in the low-pressure cylinder d
of the accumulator will be discharged into the press or presses, the load e,
small cylinder c, and rams n and o partially descending together. So soon as
the press ram or rams have been raised to the height due to the low-pressure,
the handle t is moved through another third of its revolution; the stud u, in
passing the cam 6", closing the valve of the low-pressure pipe just before the
wiper s opens the valve of the high-pressure pipe by acting on the cam a".
The press or presses will now be in connection with the high-pressure cylinder c
of the accumulator, and as a portion of the liquid is discharged from this
cylinder, it and the pressure load e will partially descend, the rams n and o
being stationary. The pumps A continue in constant operation, and refill
both cylinders of the accumulator in readiness for next supply of pressure to
presses. The press or presses remains under the high pressure till the oil is
completely expressed, when by again moving the handle t through the re-
maining third of its revolution, the high-pressure valve is closed and the waste
valve opened in the manner above described, thereby relieving the presses, the
rams of which immediately descend. The waste or discharge oil or other
liquid is returned to the pump cistern again, by the pipe r, in the usual
manner, and is again available for being forced back into the accumulator.
·

page_text: Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of apparatus
to be used in connection with hydrostatic presses, as herein-before described.
Second, the peculiar construction and arrangement of accumulator to be
used in the working of hydrostatic presses, as herein-before described.
Third, the peculiar construction and arrangement of stop boxes for hydro-
static presses, and the mode of working the same, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Samuelson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
ALEXANDER SAMUELSON. (L.S.)