Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Oct, 1887
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 17th Aug., 1888
I ROBERT PUNSHON Civil Engineer 172 Fleet Street London do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :-
Granite, Syenite, Elvan, Whin, Kentish Rag, Greenstone, Granulite, Tin Stone,
Sandstone, Freestone, Trap, Whin, Marble, Limestone, Iron Slag, Coke Burnt, Clay,
Slate, Spar, Quartz, Bitumen, Asphalte, Ozokerit, Rosin & Oil'; mixed together by
heat, to be laid in Situ or formed into Blocks, Slabs Tiles or Bricks.

page_text: ,1 ROBERT PUNSHON of 8 St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The invention relates to the manufacture of a composition of certain matters in
suitable proportions for use as paving, flooring and roofing either previously shaped
into blocks or shaped in situ.
The matters which in suitable proportions are to form the composition or paving,
flooring or roofing material are Granite, Granulite, Syenite, Elvan, Whin, Kentish
Rag, Greenstone, Tin Stone, Sandstone, Freestone, Trap, Marble, Limestone, Iron
slag, Coke, Burnt Clay, Slate, Spar, Quartz, Bitumen, Asphalte, Ozokerit, Rosin
and Oil, reduced to sand or finely divided particles, mixed together with the aid
of heat.
The form of the blocks may be in that of tiles, bricks, slabs or other suitable shapes
suitable to the present purpose. The granite-sand or sand of other of the stones or
substances mentioned may be obtained from the refuse or waste of granite working
or like working or by reduction directly, but the waste material is naturally the
cheaper if obtainable on the spot or as is frequently the case in large accumulation
at quarries.
In carrying out my invention I have found the following proportions to answer
well.
I take granite or syenite or elvan or other of the stoney refractory matters named,
reduced to the condition of coarse sand and having first prepared as an aggregating
material a mixture of Bitumen, Asphalte, Ozokerit, rosin and oil in a cauldron or
other suitable vessel intimately mixed with the aid of heat in proportions, say for
example:
asphalte or bitumen, or asphalte and bitumen.
ozokerit.
linseed or suitable drying oil boiled previously with rosin.
The temperature may vary but I have found that a temperature of from about 200°
to 300° Fahr. answers well.
I then stir in the sand to the desired consistency.
If the composition is to be used in blocks or forms prepared before laying, it is
ladled out or conveyed into moulds of iron or other suitable metal and left to cool
and afterwards knocked out or removed.
If to be formed for use in situ over a surface it is ladled or poured out onto
the roadway or surface and immediately scraped smooth with suitable scrapers or
smoothers.

page_text: For ordinary roadways a foundation is made as for asphalte, for stable yards such
is not always needed the natural ground serving, if firm.
For roofing it is made into sheets or tiles or blocks of suitable sizes according to
requirements, poured into moulds as for the paving blocks above mentioned.
The waste reduced granite suitable for use in carrying out this invention is found
in such quarries as the Gunnislake Granite Works near Tavistock in the County of
Devon, in large quantities.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
The composition or mixture of materials prepared as set forth for use for Paving,
Fle