Improvements in Turbines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1899
Improvements in Turbines.
We, WILLIAM HENRY CLARKE, Engineer, of The Hermitage, Gateshead, in
the County of Durham, and FREDERIC JAMES WARBURTON, Engineer, of 15,
Callerton Place, in the City and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to compound and other turbines for use with steam,
gas or other motive power and has for its object to so construct and arrange the
turbine as to improve the construction and reduce to a minimum the loss of
power arising from leakage of the operating fluid at those parts where the shaft
passes through the casing or separating partitions, at the same time not retarding
the speed of the shaft.
According to our invention we so arrange the shaft carrying the turbine
wheels that it may have a slight transverse movement in its bearings to allow for
any eccentric motion which may occur when rotating at high speeds, owing to
its imperfect homogenity, and for preventing the leakage of working fluid at the
part where the shaft passes through the partition between each turbine wheel,
we arrange thereat an annular collar or ring fitting well but easy upon the shaft
and adapted to fit into or onto and make a joint by its vertical surface or surfaces
with a recessed or reversely formed part of the said partition in which recessed
part the said ring is capable of a sliding movement in a radial direction. The
adjacent surfaces of the ring and partition may be coned or flat as desired and the
ring may be of form in cross-section with its larger surface towards the chamber
having the greatest pressure, or it may be of more or less form in cross-section
adapted to receive the annular part of the partition between the two sides and
make a good sliding joint thereat or the partition and ring may be reversely
formed. The steam or gas in the spaces between the partition and the ring serves
as a means for damping or retarding the said eccentric motion of the shaft when
it occurs.
In one arrangement of compound turbine having the above part of the invention
applied thereto we enclose the turbine wheels in a suitable cylindrical casing
within which the said turbine wheels and the dividing partitions are placed
alternately the latter having suitably formed outer ends or peripheries for pro-
viding the proper spacing of the parts and having the usual apertures or nozzles
arranged to direct the operating fluid at the proper angle upon the turbine vanes
as it passes from chamber to chamber.
The aperture in each partition through which the shaft passes is as described
of somewhat larger diameter than the shaft and adapted to receive an annular
collar or ring of more or less or section fitting well but easy upon the shaft
and making a steam tight joint with its transverse face or faces against a corre-
spondingly formed surface of the partition upon or in which the said ring is

page_text: adapted to move for a suitable distance radially, thus allowing free eccentric
movement of the shaft should it occur, without shock, at the same time prevent-
ing loss of power and leakage of working fluid at these parts. To form a fluid-
tight joint where the shaft passes out of the turbine casing it is arranged to
receive thereat a number of rings constructed and arranged as described the
casing having suitable annular projecting parts or partitions to receive them.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the turbine may be worked at very
high speeds, without appreciable loss of working fluid or power.
PRYOR & HARVEY,
Agents,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Turbines.
We, WILLIAM HENRY CLARKE, Engineer, of The Hermitage, Gateshead, in
the County of Durham, and FREDERIC JAMES WARBURTON, Engineer, of 3,
Grove Street, formerly of 15, Callerton Place, in the City and County of New-
castle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
Our invention relates to compound and other turbines for use with steam,
or other expansive motive power and has for its object to improve the construction
and reduce to a minimum the loss of power arising from leakage of the operating
fluid at those parts where the shaft passes through the casing or separating
partitions at the same time not retarding the speed of the shaft.
We will describe our invention in reference to the accompanying drawings in
which Fig. 1 is a part sectional elevation of a compound turbine constructed in
accordance with our invention and Fig. 2 is a section of same on line A. B of
Fig. 1 half looking to the right and half to the left. Figs. 3 and 4 are enlarged
views of the floating steamtight joint with shaft.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, T-T are the turbine wheels having vanes or cells
such as V formed upon the side faces and enclosed in a suitable cylindrical
casing C said wheels T being placed therein upon the shaft S alternately with
dividing partitions D the latter having suitably formed outer ends or peripheries
as at dd, for providing the proper spacing of the parts, and forming chambers
or ways H for the passage of the operating fluid; in these divisions or partitions D
the ports or nozzles N are arranged and adapted to direct the operating fluid at
the proper angle upon the vanes or cells V as it passes from chamber to chamber.
In the drawing Fig. 2 these ports are shown as inclined more or less tangentially
through the partitions. In Fig. 1 for clearness they are shown as if in section.
We so arrange the shaft carrying the turbine wheels that it may have a slight
transverse movement in its bearings to allow for any eccentric motion which may
occur when rotating at high speeds, owing to its imperfect homogenity, and for
preventing the leakage of working fluid between the chambers at the parts where
the shaft passes through the partitions D, the apertures do in the latter are of
somewhat larger diameter than the shaft and each adapted to receive an annular
collar or ring R fitting well but easy and free upon the shaft or upon a sleeve

page_text: thereon when such is used for spacing the wheels T. The ring R is also adapted
to fit into or onto and make a joint by its transverse surface or surfaces r r with
a recessed or reversely formed part or surface upon the partition D upon
which surface the said ring R is capable of a sliding movement in a radial or
transverse direction clearance being allowed as at The adjacent surfaces
of the ring R and the partition D may be coned or flat as desired. It will be seen
that the rings R form a floating packing not fixed to either the partitions or
the shaft and they are arranged with their larger transverse surface towards the
chamber having the greatest pressure as shown at y Fig. 1 so that the surfaces r
and are pressed into close contact regardless of any irregular movement of
the shaft. Or the rings R are or may be of more or less form in cross section
adapted to receive the annular parts of the partitions between the two sides and
make a good sliding joint thereat as at y fig. 1 or the partition and the ring
may be reversely formed, that is to say, the ring may be more or less T shape
and the edge of the partition of form in cross section.
To form a tight joint where the shaft passes out of the casing it is arranged
to receive thereat a number of rings constructed and arranged as before described,
for instance, as shown at XX in Fig. 1 the casing C having a suitable number of
projecting parts or rings such as X to receive them and these may be kept in
position by a screwed part such as Z. Suitable flexible packing or bearings are
provided where required. In the drawing a bush J is shown having a transverse
sliding movement upon the part Z and an outer screwed ring J, the latter is of
such dimensions as to allow of access to the bearing when removed.
In operation the steam or other operating fluid is admitted at one end of the
turbine by the port F from which the steam passes to the space h between the
casing end and the first partition D and thence through the ports or nozzles N
and impinges upon the vanes or cells V of the first wheel T after which it
passes by the space or way H to the back of the first wheel T and through the
ports or nozzles N in the second partition D to the next wheel T and so through-
out the turbine acting on the series of wheels therein in succession and exhaust-
ing at 0.
The nozzles or apertures N are or may be of increased diameter or number in
each succeeding partition to provide for the expansion of the working fluid in its
passage through the series of chambers.
From the above description it will be seen that the turbine is of very simple
construction and readily put together owing to the partitions 1 being formed as
described and when placed in the casing they form the chambers for the turbine
wheels T and the proper spacing of the wheels and partitions can be readily
accomplished by adjusting the shaft longitudinally or by providing sleeves of
suitable length between each turbine wheel. By the use of the rings such as
R at the partition and in series as at XX the turbine may be run at high
speeds without appreciable loss of working fluid and without risk of damage to
the turbine by any eccentric movement of the shaft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be
understood that we are aware of the specification of the Hon. C. A. Parsons,
No. 6735 of 1884, and we do not claim anything described or claimed therein;
but, we declare that what we claim is:―
1. The improvements in turbines comprising turbine wheels arranged upon a
shaft and in chambers separated by partitions which are kept steamtight regard-
less of any irregular movement of the shaft by floating rings of L, U or T section,
such as R, R, fitting well but easy and free upon the shaft or sleeves thereon
and having a sliding movement upon or in the partitions and kept tight thereon
by the steam pressure in the chambers substantially as set forth, and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
2. The general arrangement and combination of parts above defined forming

page_text: our improved turbine substantially as set forth and with reference to and as
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 10th day of December 1898.
For the Annlicants
our improved turbine substantially as set forth and with reference to and as
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 10th day of December 1898.
For the Applicants,
PRYOR & HARVEY,
Acenta 3 St Nichols' D
T
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