IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MODE OF FITTING WINDOW SASHES AND SASH FRAMES "
Year: 1883

page_text: .
LETTERS PATENT to William John Penny of the Parish of St Pancras,
Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
AND MODE OF FITTING WINDOW SASHES AND SASH FRAMES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William John Penny at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1883.
WILLIAM JOHN PENNY of the Parish of St Pancras Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MODE OF FITTING WINDOW SASHES AND SASH
FRAMES
"
This Invention has for its object an improved mode of hanging window sashes
whereby greatly increased facilities are afforded for fitting repairing and cleaning
the same
In order to carry out my invention: I hinge or otherwise fit the parting bead
and window slip on one side of the sash frame so that they can be readily turned
backwards and forwards :-and I hinge or otherwise hang the top and bottom
sashes vertically on the opposite side of such frame so that they not only have
the ordinary up and down sliding motion but also readily open inwards with a
gate or wicket action when the hinged parting bead and window slip are turned
back
"
Preferably I hang the lower sash on a continuous hinge extending the entire
length of the sash as thereby additional strength is obtained while the upper sash is
bung on-hinges technically termed Parliament hinges" to allow of its opening
freely over the lower sash and I make such Parliament hinges preferably with a
continuous back piece for the sake of strength
Between each sash and sash-frame I fit a suitable runner so as to ensure the.
sashes working smoothly up and down to which runners the sashes are hinged
Such runners have suitable grooves formed therein to allow of their working freely
over the sash pulleys
Affixed to or cast on the back of such hinges is a Cleat or other suitable
equivalent which catches a stop knot formed in the free end of each of the sash

page_text: lines to which the weights are attached and so hold such lines in position and
preferably I employ only two of such weights
To provide for the easy regulation of these lines I make an aperture in the back
of the upper and lower hinges a little below each cleat or its equivalent so that the
stop knots can be readily taken hold of and the sash lines pulled out while in order
to dispense with the ordinary pocket piece I make the sash weights in a series of
links instead of in one continuous length as hitherto and substitute for such pocket
piece a small aperture placed in any convenient position through which such
weights can be readily drawn out link by link
This arrangement will be found a great convenience and advantage when
effecting repairs as it obviates all necessity for disturbing existing work in order
to take out the weights
A further improvement consists in fitting the sash lines and weights in tubular
casings placed in any convenient position and terminating in easy bends-thus
ensuring such lines and weights running clear of each other and preventing their
being clogged or impeded by mortar or other loose rubbish
All or any of my improvements may be readily applied to existing sashes and
sash frames

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William John Penny in the Patent Office on the 30th May 1884.
WILLIAM JOHN PENNY of the Parish of St Pancras Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MODE OF FITTING WINDOW SASHES AND SASH
FRAMES"
•
+
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of and mode of
fitting window sashes and sash frames whereby greatly increased facilities are
afforded for fitting repairing and cleaning the same..
And in order that my said invention may be better understood and readily
carried into effect I will now with the aid of the accompanying drawings proceed.
more particularly to describe and ascertain the same
To carry out my said invention I proceed as follows.. I hinge or otherwise fit
the beads. on one side of the sash frame so that they can be readily folded
backwards and forwards or the front bead made removable when required without
hinges This arrangement is shewn at Fig 1 which represents one side of a sash
frame in elevation wherein a,-b are the folding beads and c-d the hinges securing
the same
I likewise hang both the top and bottom sashes vertically on the opposite side of
the sash frame in such a manner that they not only have the ordinary up and
down sliding motion (as shewn in Fig 22) but also readily open inwards into the
room with a door or wicket action (as shewn in Figures 20 and 21) when the
folding beads are turned back
To effect this I preferably fit the lower sash with a continuous hinge e working
on and secured by a pivot rod e¹. Detail views of such hinge and pivot rod are
shewn at Figures 2 and 3-This continuous hinge extends the entire length of
the lower sash whereby I obtain great strength-I hang the upper sash upon
hinges somewhat resembling those technically termed Parliament hinges thus
allowing it to open freely over the lower sash as seen in Figures 20 and 21-
Detail views of such hinges f f' are given at Figures 4 5. Fig 4 shewing,
the bottom hinge f which is bevelled to the shape of the meeting bar and Fig 5 the
top hinge which is made with a bracket plate or stay 9 for the purpose of
imparting strength thereto-Preferably I make such top and bottom hinges ƒfƒ¹
with a continuous back piece h as shewn at Fig 6 more particularly for heavy,
sashes as thereby I render the same much stronger.
To provide for the easy regulation and repairing of the sash lines I make
suitable. knot holes (i Figs 2 and 6) in such binges and also in the travellers
presently described and when the continuous back piece h Fig 6 is not used
I extend the back plate of the top hinge f¹ as shewn in Fig 5 in order to allow of
the knot hole being made therein and likewise the back plate of the bottom hinge f
so as to form a hold fast as shewn at Figure 4.
These knot holes open into knot boxes j fixed on the back of the hinges or of the
travellers presently described and provided with cleats or stop plates k that hold.
the sash lines in position by catching a stop knot formed in the free end of each
sash line A view in side elevation of the knot box is shewn at Fig 2-a view in
front elevation at Fig 2a and a view in back elevation at Figure 14-By this
improved arrangement such stop knots can be readily taken hold of and the lines
pulled out for examination and repair when necessary-Another advantage of this
improved method of hanging the sashes is that I require only two sash weights
A further improvement relates to ensuring the sash lines and weights running
clear of each other and preventing their becoming clogged or being impeded by
loose mortar or other loose rubbish-This I effect by fitting such lines and weights.

page_text: in tubular or other conveniently shaped casings made either of metal or other
suitable material and placed in any convenient position having a division or tongue
piece between them.
The lower ends of such casings expand into and terminate in suitable mouth
pieces m to allow of the weights being easily drawn out-to further facilitate
which I make, such weights in a series of links instead of in one continuous piece
as hitherto as described in the Specification of Letters Patent N° 2034 of 1884
granted, to me in respect of "Improvements in sash weights "-Fig 7 of the
accompanying drawings shews a portion of the sash frame with the hollow casings l
fitted therein and Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of one of such casings "shewing
the mouth piece m
Another advantage of this improved method of fitting the sash lines and
weights is that I am thereby also enabled to dispense with the ordinary pocket
piece and substitute therefor two or more small apertures placed one on each
side of the middle runner, at the bottom of the sash frame or in any other
convenient position-Each of such apertures is covered by a hinged face piece
consisting of two plates shewn at n-n¹ Fig 9 united by a hinge n² and when the
lower plate is turned up (as shewn in Fig 10) it serves as a bracket to support the
lower sash This improved arrangement will be found a great convenience when
effecting repairs as it obviates all necessity for disturbing existing work in order to
take out the weights
Another improvement relates to ensuring the sashes sliding smoothly up and
down. To effect this I fit front and back travellers and runners between the
sashes and sash frame-and hinge the sashes to such travellers-and I also fix a
middle runner between the two sashes in the position ordinarily occupied by the
parting bead.
Both the front and back runners (which are shewn both in elevation and section.
at o o¹ Figs 11-11 and Figs 12-12) as also the middle runner (which is
likewise shewn both in elevation and section at p Figs 13-13) have suitable
grooves formed therein to allow of the travellers working freely One of such
travellers is shewn in back elevation at q Fig 14- being the plough groove
therein for the sash line and ¹ the back plate of the knot box j
When desirable as in the case of large and heavy sashes I fit the travellers with
rollers as shewn in elevation at Fig 15 in order to avoid friction and ensure easy
action
Figure 16 is a cross section shewing my improved method of fitting ordinary
sashes and Fig 17 shews a modification in section suitable for heavy sashes
Figures 18 and 19 shew cross sections of the two sides of a sash frame as
constructed and arranged according to my invention-The following is the key to
the figures of reference appearing on Fig 18-1 and 2 front and back travellers―
3 middle runner-4, 5 front and back runners-6, 7 front and back hinges-8 and 9
front and back stiles of sash-10 pulley stile-11-12-front and back linings-
13 weight tubes or casings-14 tongue piece between such tubes
The following is the key to the figures of reference appearing on Fig 19 1-2.
back and front linings-3 centre shutting stile-4-5 folding beads-6-7 back
and front shutting stiles of sash-8 ventilating space or otherwise Figs 20 and 21
shew internal elevations of a window frame and sash constructed according to my
invention shewing both sashes thrown back and raised and lowered and Fig 22 is
an internal elevation of same shewing the sliding action of the sashes I wish to
remark that all or any of my improvements may be readily applied to existing
sashes and sash frames.
Having thus particularly described and illustrated the nature of my said
invention for Improvements in the construction of and mode of fitting window
sashes and sash frames and the manner of carrying the same into effect I would
here observe that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein before
specified as the same admit of modification without departing from the essential-
features of my present invention

page_text: What I claim as novel and of my invention and desire to secure by the
hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is
Firstly Constructing and fitting window sash frames and window sashes
substantially in the manner herein before specified and shewn so as to impart
thereto a combined wicket and sliding action
Secondly Fitting the sash lines and sash weights in tubular or other casings in
order to ensure their working easily substantially in the manner hereinbefore
specified and shewn
Thirdly Dispensing with the ordinary pocket pieces in a window sash frame by
substituting therefor two or more smaller apertures thus facilitating repairs
substantially in the manner herein before specified and shewn
Fourthly Fitting the sash frames and window sashes with travellers and
runners and also when desirable or necessary with rollers in order to ensure their easy
travel up and down substantially in the manner hereinbefore specified and shewn
In witness whereof I the said William John Penny have hereunto set my hand
and seal this thirtieth day of May in the Year of Our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
WILLIAM JOHN PENNY (LS)