Improved Apparatus for Heating and Refrigerating Purposes.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Heating and Refrigerating Purposes.
I, STANISLAS DE KACZKOWSKI, Gentleman, of 7, Rue du Helder, Paris, France,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of a novel kind of steam-heating apparatus, the
advantages of which reside, when applied to domestic purposes, in that it is
essentially portable and that it is exempt from criticism from a hygienic point of
view. Furthermore, it has the advantage of possessing a considerable heating
surface.
The apparatus which I have devised is characterised by the application of two
concentric tubes between which the heating agent, whether steam or water, circu-
lates, so that the ambient air passing both around the outer tube and through
the inner tube is heated to a high temperature. Moreover, this apparatus is
characterised by a general arrangement comprising a boiler placed below, con-
taining water which is vaporised and passes between a first set of two concentric
tubes, then to a second set of similar tubes and so on according to the extent of the
heating surface of the apparatus, after which it condenses and returns through the
last set of tubes to the boiler, wherein it is again vaporised and so forth. Finally,
another feature of the apparatus resides in the application of a safety valve which,
on the one hand, allows the escape of any abnormal excess of steam, and, on the
other hand, automatically and simultaneously controls the inlet of gas, petroleum
or other source of fuel heating the boiler, proportionately to the pressure of the
steam contained in the said boiler.
In the annexed drawing, I have shown, by way of an example, the diagrammatic
arrangement of an apparatus suitable for domestic heating purposes.
Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of the apparatus and Fig. 2 is a side elevation
partly in section.
a is the boiler heated by any suitable gas or petroleum burner 6 or other source
of heat. From the top of the apparatus leads a pipe c conveying the steam to a
first set of concentric tubes d, e between which the steam circulates and then
SO on until
passes through a branch f to a second set of tubes d, e and
it reaches the last set of tubes d, e wherein it condenses and then
returns, through a pipe g, to the reservoir a. The distance apart between
the concentric tubes d, e can be obtained by means of rings h which, at the same
time, act to close the ends of the said tubes.
The safety valve i, fitted to the boiler a, s balanced by a spring j and is
connected, by a system of levers k, l, m, n, to an inlet valve o for the gas or fuel
supplied to the Bunsen or other burner b.
The operation will be readily understood. The water contained in the boiler a
is heated, the steam issues freely through the pipe c and is conveyed to the different
sets of concentric tubes d, e through which it successively passes and then returns
condensed to the said boiler. If the steam pressure were to become abnormal, the
safety valve i will be raised and the levers k, l, m, n will act upon
the
gas inlet

page_text: returns, through a pipe 9, to the reservoir a. The distance apart between
the concentric tubes d, e can be obtained by means of rings h which, at the same
time, act to close the ends of the said tubes.
The safety valve i, fitted to the boiler a, is balanced by a spring ; and is
connected, by a system of levers k, l, m, n, to an inlet valve o for ne gas or fuel
supplied to the Bunsen or other burner b.
The operation will be readily understood. The water contained in the boiler a
is heated, the steam issues freely through the pipe c and is conveyed to the different
sets of concentric tubes d, e through which it successively passes and then returns
condensed to the said boiler. If the steam pressure were to become abnormal, the
safety valve will be raised and the levers k, l, m, n will act upon the gas inlet
All danger of explosion is avoided. The consumption of fuel is thus
rendered proportionate to the amount of heating power to be generated and the
operation is automatic.
at o.
In summer time, when it is desired to cool down a dwelling room or other space,
the water is to be replaced by a rapidly evaporating body, such as ether, and
if the said body be slightly heated, it will generate, between the tubes d, e, an
intense degree of cold, caused by the evaporating action. The condensed vapors
return to the reservoir as in the case of steam.
This kind of apparatus is capable of being employed for heating large spaces,
such as hotels, barracks, hospitals and the like, the illustrative diagram in the
annexed drawing only having been given as an example of the manner in which
the invention can be carried out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The application of two concentric tubes between which the heating agent
passes when it is desired to heat and the cooling medium, when it is desired to
cool, substantially as described and shown.
2. The application of a valve or any other equivalent device, the function of
which, independent of the part it normally plays, consists in controlling the
admission of fuel proportionately to the pressure of the steam contained in the
reservoir, substantially as described and shown.
3. The general arrangement of an apparatus of the hereinbefore described kind,
comprising in its main parts:
a) a reservoir a with its burner b;
b) a set of heating tubes d and e;
c) a valve i;
d) a controlling mechanism for the admission of fuel to the burner b, the
said mechanism being actuated by the valve i.
4. The application of the herein described system of apparatus for refrigerating
purposes, by substituting for the water a rapidly evaporating body such as ether,
substantially as described.
Dated thin 19th da
CAT
100-
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.