Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Heating Railway Vehicles.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Nov., 1894
Complete Specincation Left, 11th June, 1895-Accepted, 13th July, 1855
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Heating Railway
Vehicles.
I, EGBERT HABBERTON GOLD, of "The Kookery" in the City of Chicago,
in the County of Cook and State of Illinois United States of America,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of car-heaters known as
"storage heaters" and in car heating systems, in which an internal storage tube or
chamber is contained in the steam-pipe, for the purpose of storing and retaining
heat after the steam is turned off, many forms of such heaters being now well known
in the art, such as those in which the storage tube is both sealed and open, and the
other class in which the storage portion of the heater is a filling of clay or terra
cotta for the steam-pipe.
My invention has more particular relation to that class in which the storage
device consists of this terra cotta filling, which, as now applied to the heaters, has
proved objectionable because of the scaling and fracturing of the clay filling, due
to numerous causes, which result in the scales and broken portions of the clay or
terra cotta being driven through the steam-pipes and lodging in the various valves
and traps to such an extent as to render them inoperative and requiring a loss of
time, a loss of train service, and involving considerable expense, to restore the
heating system to a condition of practical usefulness.
The prime object of this invention is to have a clay or terra cotta storage heater
of such character that the liability of the clay or terra cotta to scale or break in
small parts is reduced to the minimum, and such scale or broken parts as result in
practical use of the heater are rendered harmless by being prevented from getting
into the traps, valves, couplings and other parts of the heating systern.
The heater consists of an outer shell or casing provided with a steam inlet and
outlet, which, in some of the forms are both at the same end of the heater, while
in other forms they are at opposite ends, a difference which is wholly immaterial
to the present invention.
This outer shell or casing is provided at its ends respectively with removable
caps or covers, for convenience of filling and inserting and removing the storage
tube.
This storage tube in each case consists of a series of blocks of clay or terra
cotta, enclosed within a tube, of less diameter and slightly less length than the
outer shell or casing, in which it is not only preferably eccentrically located, so as
to provide a steam space around the same, but is also preferably located in an
inclined position with relation to the outer tube, for the purpose of draining any
surplus water of condensation. This inner storage tube in each case is provided
with heads, at the opposite ends thereof, for the double purpose of firmly retaining
the clay or terra cotta blocks, in position and also to prevent the passage into the
steam-chamber of the outer shell, and, consequently, into the steam-pipe of the
Bystem of any scale or broken portions of the clay or terra cotta blocks, resulting
from use and the usual wear and tear of such parts under the conditions of their
service.
The principle of operation of all of the heaters herein described so far as my
B7

page_text: present invention is concerned, is the same in all the different forms of heaters, that
is to say, when the steam is turned on, it not only heats the blocks in the storage tube,
but also comes in contact therewith, and by condensation thoroughly saturates the
blocks with water of condensation, at as high a temperature as it is possible to do
with the live steam, making them storage heaters of the maximum efficiency as
well as durability. The minor features of difference in accomplishing this result
will best be understood by a description of each of the apparatus.
In one form of the apparatus it has perforations, in the ends of the internal tube,
and the blocks are provided with longitudinal peripheral grooves; hence, when
steam enters the inlet, and impinges against the head, the steam is deflected through
the openings, and passages, thence out through other openings, and is exhausted or
discharged through the outlet, passing back to said outlet around and on the outside
of the storage tube, thus both saturating and heating the storage blocks, on its
initial entry into the heater, and completing the heating thereof during its passage
through the steam space of the outer shell.
In another form of the heater differs from that above described only in that the
steam first passes through a pipe in the centre of the blocks to the inner end of the
heater, from whence part of it passes back through the openings, and passage, to
the steam outlet, while the remainder passes through the openings in the supplemental
head of the tube, and theuce back on the outside of said tube, being exhausted to
the outlet-port, through one or more ducts, made in the end-cap, of the outer shell
or casing.
In a further form of the heater the steam supply pipe is provided with a valved
branch, which, whenever desired, delivers steam into the chamber formed between
the cap of the outer shell or casing and the head, of the storage tube, which latter
is provided with perforations, so as to afford access for the steam to the blocks, but
the opposite head of the storage tube is imperforate, and the steam when turned on
through the valved branch pipe, is simply intended to saturate and partially heat the
blocks in the storage tube, the remainder of the steam passing through the heater
outside of the storage tube, as in the previously described forms, but differing
therefrom in being discharged at the opposite end of the heater instead of
returning to an outlet-port at the same end of the heater with which the supply
pipe is connected.
In another form or modification the heater differs from all of the heaters
previously described in that the clay or terra cotta blocks, completely fill the
storage tube circumferentially, while the said tube is provided with imperforate
heads and slots or openings, in the sides thereof, and preferably near the top, so
that the steam may have access to the said blocks for the purpose of saturating the
same, but does not circulate through passages in the blocks as in the previously
described constructions. I may here state that substantially the same result would
be accomplished if the openings were omitted, and the hermetically sealed storage
tube, were filled with previously saturated clay or terra cotta blocks, as with a
storage tube so sealed no appreciable evaporation would occur; and, in point of
fact, the construction above described is a practically hermetically sealed storage
tube, excepting that it is provided with means for saturating the blocks of the
storage tube at such intervals as saturation may be desired.
In some cases the steam passes through a perforated pipe extending centrally
through the blooks. and the heads, of the storage tube returning on the outside of
the storage tube and escaping through the outlet in the manner previously
described. In this construction the steam gains access to the storage-blocks, tor
saturating the same, through the perforations in the pipe, which is directly
connected with the inlet opening, so that the steam in its initial introduction into
the heater must pass through said pipe and first saturate and partially heat the
blocks in the storage tube.
In other cases the inlet pipe extends the length of the storage tube, and discharges
the steam into the chamber formed between the head, of said tube and the end

page_text: block, passing back through the longitudinal peripheral passages, and escaping
through the outlet, by way of the ports, in the head, as before described.
In all of these constructions, the clay or terra cotta filling for the storage heater
is contained and confined within a practically closed tube or casing, so that no
matter what scaling or breaking of the clay or terra cotta blocks occurs in practice,
such scales or broken particles will be caught and held in the storage tube, and
thereby be prevented from passing into the steam-pipe, and thence to the various
valves and traps of the steam heating system which would soon become clogged
beyond usefulness.
The importance of avoiding this difficulty cannot be over-estimated, for it will
be borne in mind that in the coldest weather, when the greatest heat is required,
there is the greatest liability to scaling and chipping or breaking of the clay or
terra cotta filling, and the most disastrous results would occur at such time from
the choking or clogging of the valves or traps which, beside rendering the system
useless and inoperative and throwing the cars out of service, is also liable to result
in the freezing and bursting of the pipes, due to an excessive accumulation of water
of condensation in the pipes on account of the choking of the traps; beside which,
considerable expense and loss of time is involved in removing, cleaning and
replacing the various traps and valves before the cars can be again used. All these
difficulties are overcome by my invention, which, in its broadest form, consists of a
clay or terra cotta filling for the storage tube, and, in the more limited sense, of a
clay or terra cotta filling for the storage tube to which the heating steam has access
for the purpose of saturating the filling.
In employing my invention in compartment coaches the system may consist of
a train pipe, supplying live steam to the various cars, an auxiliary train pipe
supplying live steam from the train pipe to the heaters, and also draining water of
condensation from the heaters. The auxiliary train pipe connects with the main
train pipe, and rises to a desired elevation. It then runs gradually down to the
point where it turns on itself and discharges through a trap. The heaters are
placed in an inclined position, their lowest end being at the end connecting with
the auxiliary pipe. The live steam from the train pipe, passes into the auxiliary
pipe through the connecting pipe, into the heater, forcing the cold air in the heater
into the further end of the same, and out through the cold air discharge pipe, into
the auxiliary pipe. The water of condensation also, by reason of the inclined
position of the heater, runs down into the auxiliary pipe and, by reason of the
inclined position of the said pipe, runs down through this pipe and out at the
trap.
This arrangement obviates the necessity of a separate drain pipe with the
accompanying valves and other complications, which are usually used in connection
with heaters in this class of cars.
In conclusion, I will state that while I have specified the filling as composed of
clay or terra cotta, I do not desire to limit my invention to any particular substance,
as my invention, in its broadest sense, is intended to comprehend a filling of sand,
broken brick, terra cotta, or any vitrified or unvitrified material that will subserve
the intended purpose.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Heating Railway
Vehicles.
1, EGBERT HABBERTON GOLD, of "The Rookery," in the City of Chicago,
in the County of Cook and State of Illinois, United States of America, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what inanner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of car-heaters known as
"storage heaters," and in car-heating systems in which an internal storage tube or
chamber is contained in the steam-pipe, for the purpose of storing and retaining
heat after the steam is turned off, many forms of such heaters being now well known
in the art, such as those in which the storage tube is both sealed and open, and the
other class in which the storage portion of the heater is a filling of clay or terra
cotta for the steam-pipe.
My invention has more particular relation to that class in which the storage
device consists of this terra cotta filling, which, as now applied to the heaters, has
proved objectionable because of the scaling and fracturing of the clay filling, due
to numerous causes, which result in the scales and broken portions of the clay or
terra cotta being driven through the steam-pipes and lodging in the various valves
and traps to such an extent as to render thein inoperative and requiring a loss of
time, a loss of train service, and involving considerable expense, to restore the
heating system to a condition of practical usefulness.
The prime object of this invention is to have a clay or terra cotta storage heater
of such character that the liability of the clay or terra cotta to scale or break in
small parts is reduced to the minimum, and such scale or broken parts as result in
practical use of the heater are rendered harmless by being prevented from getting
into the traps, valves, couplings and other parts of the heating system.
This object is attained by the devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
in which-
Figure 1 represents a central longitudinal section through a heater embodying
my invention.
Figure 2 a transverse vertical section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1:
Figure 3 a similar view of a different form of storage heater embodying my
invention.
Figure 4 a transverse vertical section on the line 4-4 of Figure 3:
Figure 5 a central longitudinal section of still another form of storage heater
embodying my invention:
Figure 6 a transverse vertical section on the line 6-6 of Figure 5:
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 illustrate longitudinal and transverse sections of
modifications of my heater, as hereinafter described in detail.
Figure 13 is a diagrammatic plan view of a compartment car equipped with my
improved heating apparatus:
Figure 14 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same:
Figure 15 a vertical cross-section thereof, and
Figure 16 an enlarged vertical longitudinal section of one of the heaters.
Similar letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
drawings,
A indicates the outer shell or casing of the heater provided with a steam inlet
and outlet, B, C, respectively, which, in some of the forms shown, are both at the
same end of the heater, while in other forms they are shown as at opposite ends,
a difference which is wholly immaterial to the present invention.

page_text: This outer shell or casing is provided at its ends respectively with removable
caps or covers, D, E, for convenience of filling and inserting and removing the
storage tube.
This storage tube in each case consists of a series of blocks F, of clay or terra
cotta, enclosed within a tube G, of less diameter and slightly less length than the
outer shell or casing, in which it is not only preferably eccentrically located, so as
to provide a steam space around the same, but is also preferably located in an
inclined position with relation to the outer tube, for the purpose of draining any
surplus water of condensation. This inner storage tube G, in each case is provided
with heads H and I, at the opposite ends thereof, for the double purpose of firmly
recaining the clay or terra cotta blocks F, in position, and also to prevent the
passage into the steam-chamber of the outer shell, and, consequently, into the
steam-pipe of the system of any scale or broken portions of the clay or terra cotta
blocks, resulting from use and the usual wear and tear of such parts under the
conditions of their service.
The principle of operation of all of the heaters herein, so far as my present
invention is concerned, is the same in all the different forms of heaters shown in
the drawings, that is to say, when the steam is turned on, it not only heats the blocks
in the storage tube, but also comes into contact therewith, and by condensation
thoroughly saturates the blocks with water of condensation, at as high a temperature
as it is possible to do with the live steam, making them storage beaters of the
maximum efficiency as well as durability. The minor features of difference in
accomplishing this result will best be understood by a description of each of the
apparatus shown in the drawings..
The apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 has perforations, a, b, in the ends H, I,
of the internal tube, and the blocks F, are provided with longitudinal peripheral
grooves c; hence, when steam enters the inlet B, and impinges against the head H,
the steam is deflected through the openings a and the passages c, thence out through
the openings b, and is exhausted or discharged through the outlet C, passing back
to said outlet around and on the outside of the storage tube G, thus both saturating
and heating the storage blocks F, on its initial entry into the heater, and
completing the heating thereof during its passage through the steam space of
the outer shell.
The heater shown in Figures 3 and 4 differs from that shown in Figures 1 and 2
only in that the steam first passes through a pipe in the centre of the blocks F, to
the inner end of the heater, from whence part of it passes back through the openings b,
passages c and openings a, to the steam outlet, while the remainder passes through
the openings d in the supplemental head of the tube G, and thence back on the
outside of said tube, being exhausted to the outlet-port C, through one or more
ducts e, made in the end-cap D, of the outer shell or casing.
a
In a modified form of heater shown in Figures 5 and 6 the steam supply pipe is
provided with a valved branch f, which, whenever desired, delivers steam into the
chamber formed between the cap D, of the outer shell or casing and the head H,
of the storage tube, which latter is provided with perforations so as to afford
access for the steam to the blocks F; but the opposite head 1, of the storage tube
is imperforate, and the steam when turned on through the valved branch
pipe, is simply intended to saturate and partially heat the blocks in the storage
tube, the remainder of the steam passing through the heater outside of the storage
tube, as in the previously described forms, but differing therefrom in being
discharged at the opposite end of the heater instead of returning to an outlet-port
at the same end of the heater with which the supply pipe is connected.
The heater according to the form shown in Figures 7 and 8 differs from all of
the heaters previously described in that the clay or terra cotta blocks F, completely
fill the storage tube G, circumferentially, while the said tube is provided with
imperforate heads and slots or openings g, in the sides thereof, and preferably near
the top, so that the steam may have access to the said blocks for, the purpose of
saturating the same, but does not circulate through passages in the blocks as in the

page_text: previously described constructions. I may bere state that substantially the same
result would be accomplished if the openings g, were omitted, and the hermetically
sealed storage tube G, were filled with previously saturated clay or terra cotta
blocks, as with a storage tube so sealed no appreciable evaporation would occur;
and, in point of fact, the construction shown in Figure 5 is a practically hermetically
sealed storage tube, excepting that it is provided with means for saturating the
blocks of the storage tube at such intervals as saturation may be desired.
In the form of heater shown in Figures 9 and 10 the steam passes through a
perforated pipe, extending centrally through the blocks F, and the heads H and I,
of the storage tube G, returning on the outside of the storage tube and escaping
through the outlet C, in the manner previously described. In this construction,
the steam gains access to the storage-blocks, for saturating the same, through the
perforations in the pipe h, which is directly connected with the inlet opening B, so
that the steam in its initial introduction into the heater inust pass through said pipe
and first saturate and partially heat the blocks in the storage tube.
Yet another construction is illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 in which the inlet
pipe i, extends the length of the storage tube G, and discharges the steam into the
chamber formed between the head I, of said tube and the end block F, passing
back through the longitudinal peripheral passages c, and escaping through the
outlet C, by way of the ports a, in the head H, as before described.
In all of these constructions, the clay or terra cotta filling for the storage heater
is contained and confined within a practically closed tube or casing, so that no
matter what scaling or breaking of the clay or terra cotta blocks occurs in practice,
such scales or broken particles will be caught and held in the storage tube, and
thereby be prevented from passing into the steam-pipe, and thence to the various
valves and traps of the steam heating system which would soon become clogged
beyond usefulness.
The importance of avoiding this difficulty cannot be over-estimated, for it will be
borne in mind that in the coldest weather, when the greatest heat is required, there
is the greatest liability to scaling and chipping or breaking of the clay or terra
cotta filling, and the most disastrous results would occur at such times from the
choking or clogging of the valves or traps which, beside rendering the system
useless and inoperative and throwing the cars out of service, is also liable to result
in the freezing and bursting of the pipes, due to an excessive accumulation of water
of condensation in the pipes on accourt of the choking of the traps; beside which,
considerable expense and loss of time is involved in removing, cleaning and
replacing the various traps and valves before the cars can be again used. All these
difficulties are overcome by my invention, which, in its broadest form, consists of a
clay or terra cotta filling for the storage tube, and, in the more limited sense, of a
clay or terra cotta filling for the storage tube to which the heating steam has access
for the purpose of saturating the filling.
on
K represents the body of the car. Lis the train pipe, supplying live steam to
the various cars, L' is an auxiliary train pipe supplying live steam from the train
pipe L, to the heaters A, and also draining water of condensation from the
heaters A. K¹ represents a partition between compartments. The auxiliary train
pipe L, connects with the main train pipe L, at the point M and rises to a desired
elevation at M¹. It then runs gradually down to the point M² where it turns
itself and discharges through the trap at M³. The heaters are placed in an
inclined position, their lowest end being at the end connecting with the auxiliary
pipe L. The live steam from the train pipe L, passes into the auxiliary pipe L
through the connecting pipe L2, into the heater A, forcing the cold air in the
heater into the further end of the same and out through the cold air discharge
pipe N into the auxiliary pipe L'. The water of condensation also, by reason of
the inclined position of the heater, runs down into the auxiliary pipe L₁ and, by
reason of the inclined position of the said pipe L' runs down through this pipe and
out at the trap M³.
This arrangement obviates the necessity of a separate drain pipe with the

page_text: accompanying valves and other complications, which are usually used in connection
with heaters in this class of cars.
In conclusion, I will state that while I have specified the filling as composed of
clay or terra cotta, I do not desire to limit my invention to any particular substance,
as my invention, in its broadest sense, is intended to comprehend a filling of sand,
broken brick, terra cotta, or any vitrified or unvitrified material that will subserve
the intended purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :--
1. A storage car heater, comprising an outer shell having a steam inlet and an
outlet, an internal storage tube, and a filling of clay or terra cotta for said internal
tube, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. A storage car heater, comprising an outer shell or casing having a steam
inlet and an outlet, au internal storage tube, a filling of clay or terra cotta for said
internal tube, said filling being exposed to the action of the steam let into said
heater, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. In a storage car heater, the combination with an outer shell or casing, having
a steam inlet and an outlet, an internal storage tube of less dimensions than said
outer shell, the space between which tube and shell constitutes a steam-chamber,
a filling of clay or terra cotta for said internal tube, said tube and filling having
openings and passages therein, whereby the steam let into said heater comes iu
contact with said filling, substantially as described.
Dated this 11th day of June 1805
HAZLETINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.