IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Charles Jay, of 89, Cornwall Road, Bayswater in
the County of Middlesex, Barrister at Law for an Invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Charles Jay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1883.
ROBERT CHARLES JAY of 89. Cornwall Road, Bayswater in the County of
Middlesex, Barrister at Law IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER
VELOCIPEDES
This Invention consists of a mechanical arrangement whereby three different
speeds may be obtained at the same time enabling the feet to remain stationary
when descending hills and the machine to be driven backwards when required
In order to carry this out I place on each side of the wheel over which the
driving chain or band runs or on each side of such wheel as may be used in its
place a bevilled toothed wheel the one being of a different diameter to the other
and having catches or clutches which engage with the axle in such manner as to
drive the machine forward when one or both the bevilled wheels are revolved in a
forward direction but so as to allow it to run free when either or both are held
stationary or reversed
The central or chain wheel runs loose on the axle and carries two bevilled
toothed wheels fixed to a spindle or axle which works in suitable bearings in the
bub and rim of the said chain wheel and these wheels gear respectively into the
smaller and larger of the two first mentioned bevilled wheels or the two wheels
may be fixed together or made in one piece and run on a fixed spindle and one or
more of these double wheels may be employed
Each of the first mentioned bevilled wheels is provided with one or more pins or
projections so that it may be held stationary when required by one or other of the
pins or projections coming into contact with a rod or lever attached to the frame-
work of the machine for that purpose or they may be stopped by any other suitable
arrangement
On the outside of one or both of these wheels a catch or clutch may be placed so
that it may be made to engage with one or more suitable teeth or projections on

page_text: the axle in such manner that the machine may be driven backwards and the catch
or catches are thrown in or out of action by means of rods or levers having inclined
planes attached to them and the catches are held in or out of action by means of
springs bearing on them or applied to them in such manner as to retain them in
the one or the other position as may be required.
In another arrangement I employ an internally toothed wheel and fitting into
the same and on the same axle is a wheel of smaller diameter having cogs or teeth
on its outer edge and a sleeve attached to it which runs on the axle-The chain
wheel or such other wheel as may be employed in its place runs loose on this sleeve
and carries one or more toothed wheels or pins projecting therefrom in such manner
that the said wheels gear into the first mentioned wheels
The internally toothed wheel and the wheel fitting therein and placed on the
same axle are provided with clutches or catches to engage with the axle in such
manner as to drive the machine forward when the gearing is moved in a forward
direction but so as to run free when the feet are held stationary
The internally toothed wheel has one or more pins or projections on it and the
sleeve of the other wheel is provided with one or more arms or a circular disc to
carry pins or projections in a similar manner so that one or other of the said wheels
may be stopped as required by means of rods or levers and an arrangement may be
fitted for driving backwards as described in the first instance.
Either of these arrangements may be fitted on the main axle or on the crank
axle the only difference being that when fitted on the main axle the clutches for
driving the machine forward are so arranged that the gearing draws round the
axle but when applied to the crank axle they are so arranged that the crank axle
draws round the gearing
In place of the before mentioned catches or clutches a disc or drum having one
or more slots or cuts in its edge may be fixed to the axle on the outside of each of
the first mentioned bevilled wheels in the one case or on the outside of the first
mentioned wheel and the disc attached to the sleeve of the other wheel in the other
case and these slots or cuts are of equal depth except at one end where they are
deeper Attached to the outside of each of the bevilled wheels in the one case and
to the outside of the first mentioned wheel and the disc attached to the sleeve of
the other wheel in the other case are one or more bolts or catches which fall into
these slots or cuts and thereby bring the gearing into action as required-These
bolts or catches are held in or out of action by means of springs as before described
and they are thrown in or out of action by means of rods or levers having inclined
planes attached to them

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Robert Charles Jay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th December 1883.
ROBERT CHARLES JAY of 89. Cornwall Road, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Barrister at Law IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER
VELOCIPEDES
This Invention consists of a mechanical arrangement whereby three different
speeds may be obtained at the same time enabling the feet to remain stationary
when descending hills and the machine to be driven backwards when require:
According to one mode of carrying out my Invention I place on each side of the
wheel over which the driving-chain or band runs or on each side of such wheel as
may be used in its place a bevilled toothed wheel the one being of a different
diameter to the other and having clutches consisting of balls placed in wedge
shaped recesses formed in the bosses or hubs of the said bevilled wheels which
engage with the axle in such manner as to drive the machine forward when one
or both the bevilled wheels are revolved in a forward direction but so as to allow
it to run free when either or both the said wheels are held stationary or reversed-
The central or chain-wheel runs loose on the axle and carries two bevilled toothed
wheels which are fixed together or made in one piece and run on a spindle or pin
fixed in the hub and rim of the said chain-wheel and although one or more of
these double wheels may be employed I prefer placing two opposite to each other
and these double wheels gear respectively into the smaller and larger of the first-
mentioned bevilled wheels-Each of the first mentioned bevilled wheels is provided
with pins or projections so that it may be held stationary when required by one or
other of the pins or projections coming into contact with a rod or lever attached to
the framework of the tricycle or velocipede for that purpose-On the boss or hub
of one of the first mentioned bevilled wheels a bolt is placed sliding in a slot or
groove in the said hub and having a curved spring pressing on it by means of
tumbler pins placed on each side of it and this bolt is moved by means of a lever
attached to the framework of the tricycle or velocipede and having a forked end
which embraces the outer ring of a slide or collar which slides on the said bhub and
also retains the said bolt in the before mentioned groove-The portion of the axle
which carries the chain-wheel and the before mentioned bevilled wheels is enlarged
and has a shoulder and projection at the end where the sliding bolt is so that when
the said bolt is shot out it may come in contact with the said projection and so
cause the tricycle or velocipede to go backwards when the other bevilled wheel is
held stationary-The enlargement of the axle is screwed at the other end and
provided with nuts for keeping the whole together and two grooves are turned to
guide the balls of the clutches of the bevilled wheels
According to another modification I employ an internally toothed wheel running
loose on the axle and fitting into the same and on the same axle is a wheel of
smaller diameter also running loose on the axle and having teeth or cogs on its
outer edge and a sleeve attached to it-The chain-wheel or such other wheel as
may be employed in its place runs loose on this sleeve and carries one or more small
toothed wheels but preferably two opposite to each other and running loose on
pins projecting therefrom in such manner that the said wheels gear into the before-
mentioned internally and externally toothed wheels-The internally toothed wheel
and the wheel fitting therein and placed on the same axle are provided with
clutches consisting of balls placed in wedge shaped recesses formed in the bosses or
hubs of the said wheels which engage with the axle in such manner as to drive

page_text: the Tricycle or velocipede forward when the gearing is moved in a forward
direction but so as to allow it to run free when either or both the said wheels are
held stationary-The internally toothed wheel has pins or projections on it and
the sleeve of the externally toothed wheel which runs on the same axle is provided
with arms having projections in a similar manner so that one or other of the said
wheels may be stopped as required by means of a rod or lever attached to the
framework of the tricycle or velocipede for that purpose-An arrangement is fitted
for driving backwards as described in the first modification and the whole is placed
on an enlargement of the axle as previously described
Either of these arrangements may be fitted on the main axle or on the crank
axle the only difference being that when fitted on the main axle the clutches for
driving the machine forward are so arranged that the gearing draws round the
axle but when applied to the crank axle they are so arranged that the crank axle
draws round the gearing and in order to carry this out the wedge shaped recesses
of the clutches are placed in the opposite direction in the one instance to what they
are in the other and the crank axle draws round one wheel and the chain wheel
through the intermediate wheels running round the other wheel which is stopped
or draws the whole round together when neither of the wheels are stopped.
Figure 1. represents an elevation of one form of my Invention-Figure 2. is a
section taken longitudinally through the centre of the double bevilled wheels and
the centre of the axle-Figure 3. shows the chain wheel and the double bevilled
wheels Figure 4. is a cross section through the spring tumbler-pins bolt hub
of toothed wheel and axle-Figure 5. represents the smaller bevilled wheel and
shows the construction of the clutches in the hubs of the bevilled wheels-Figure 6.
is a plan of the bolt for driving backwards Figure 7. represents the lever for
throwing over the bolt by means of the slide.
a represent a wheel or drum to carry the driving-chain and may be replaced by
any other known form of wheel as may be required for connecting the main axle
with the crank axle a runs loose on g which forms part of the axle h and carries
one or more double bevilled toothed wheels c which run loose on the pins d―These
double bevilled wheels are formed in one or so joined together that they revolve as
one and they may be formed of two equal sized wheels or of two wheels of different
diameters as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. of the annexed Drawings-The pins d
are fitted into sockets in the hub and rim of the wheel a and they are retained in
position by the wedges e which pass through holes or slots in the rim of the said
chain-wheel a and a slot in the top of the pins d similar to the cut in the head of
a screw and hold them down-f are nuts to hold the wedges e up to their work-
b b² are bevilled toothed wheels running loose on g the enlarged portion of the axle h
and the larger one b has a circular groove 7. formed in it so as to allow the inner
portions of the double wheels c to revolve without touching it and the wheels b bl
are provided with projections i for the purpose of stopping one or other of them
when a change of speed is required-The diameters of the wheels b b' may be
varied according to the variation of speed that may be required-Clutches are
formed by making wedge shaped slots or recesses in the hubs or bosses of the
wheels bb so that when either of the said wheels are drawn forward the balls k
grip g the enlarged portion of the axle h and so draw it round at the same time
allowing the axle h and the enlarged portion thereof g to run free in the other of
the said wheels when it is held stationary-The hub or boss of the wheel b is
extended and provided with a catch or bolt 1 which slides in a groove in the said
boss and the spring m is provided with tumbler-pins n having at one end rings
which fit loosely on pins formed at the ends of the spring m where they are
retained by the nuts o The other ends of the tumbler pins n are pointed and
inserted in conical holes or depressions p in the bolt and in this manner create a
pressure on the said bolt, a slide is formed with two rings rl which slide on the
boss of the wheel b and are connected by the parts 8 and t-t has a slot in it which
fits over the pin or projection u on the bolt and the slot is of a length equal to or
greater than the throw of the said bolt so that when the projection u passes beyond

page_text: the centre of the spring m the bolt may be thrown over by the said spring―
This slide is worked by a lever having a fork and claws w through which the
ring or collar works and the rings passing over the bolt 7 retain it in the
slot in the boss of the wheel b-x is a stop or projection on g the enlarged portion
of the axle h for the purpose of locking the wheel to the axle by means of the
bolt y are nuts which screw on g the enlarged portion of the axle h and keep
the whole of the parts together-Similar letters denote similar parts
Figure 8. of the accompanying Drawings represents an elevation of another
modification of my Invention-Figure 9. is a section taken longitudinally through
the centre of the 'gearing wheels and the centre of the axle-Figure 10. shows
the internally toothed wheel the externally toothed wheel and the intermediate
wheels.
a represents a wheel or drum to carry the driving-chain and runs loose on the
sleeve of the externally toothed wheel 61 and may be replaced by any other known
form of wheel as may be required for connecting the main axle with the crank
axle and carries one or more intermediate wheels c but preferably two placed
opposite to each other and running loose on the pins & and gearing into the wheels
bbb is an internally toothed wheel running loose on g which is an enlarged
portion of the axle h and is provided with a clutch consisting of balls k placed in
wedge shaped slots or recesses q formed in the hub or boss of the said wheel as
described in the previous arrangement and projections i are provided for stopping
the said wheel by means of a lever attached to the framework of the tricycle or
velocipede The boss or hub of the wheel b is extended and carries a catch or
bolt which slides in a groove therein and a curved spring m with tumbler pins n
and a slide for throwing the bolt over are provided as described in the first
arrangement-61 is an externally toothed wheel fitting into the internally toothed
wheel b and fitted with a similar clutch and having a sleeves which runs loose
ong the enlarged portion of the axle h-This sleeve is provided with arms 1.
forming part of the ring 2 which fits on the said sleeve and is held firm by the
screws 3 and these arms 1 carry projections i for the purpose of stopping the
wheel b¹g is an enlargement of the axle h having a collar and projection x at
one end for the bolt to engage when driving backwards and the other end is
provided with nuts y to screw on and keep the parts together and grooves 4 are
formed round g to guide the balls of the clutches
A ring 5 is fitted in flush with the face of the hub of the wheel b¹ as shown in
Figure 9. to seperate the balls from those in the other clutch and this ring is held
in position by the screws 6-The ring 5 may be fitted to the hub of the wheel b
instead of the hub of the wheel 6'
с
The three different speeds are obtained according to the first modification of my
Invention in the following manner when placed on the main axle Firstly by
stopping the wheel b and drawing round the chain-wheel a when the outer
portions of the double bevilled wheels c as shown in Figures 1. 2 and 3. of the
annexed Drawings will run round the said wheel b and through the inner portions
of the said wheels o drive the wheel 61 which being free to revolve.carries round
the axle Secondly by stopping the wheel b¹ releasing the wheel b and drawing
round the chain-wheel a the outer portions of the wheels o will run round the
wheel b¹ and drive the wheel b and the axle h-Thirdly by drawing round the
chain-wheel a without stopping either of the wheels b b¹ when the whole will
revolve with the axle as one-The different speeds are obtained in the second
modification as shown in Figures 8. 9 and 10. of the annexed Drawings in a similar
manner by stopping one or other of the wheels b b¹ or revolving the whole together
without stopping either of the said wheels-When placed on the crank axle the
said crank axle draws round the wheel b or b¹ and through c running round 6 or 61
drives the chain wheel a or when neither b or b₁ is stopped revolves the whole
together
In both modifications of my Invention variations of speed may be obtained by
altering the proportionate sizes of the wheels 6 6¹ or of the inner and outer

page_text: portions of the wheel c or of both the said wheels b b¹ and the wheels c and the
chain-wheel a may be made to run at the speed required by gearing the tricycle or
velocipede up or down as is usual with such machines Similar letters and figures
represent similar parts
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is or may be carried into effect I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before recited Letters
Patent is
Firstly. The construction of a gearing for tricycles or other velocipedes giving
three different speeds and composed of two bevilled toothed wheels running loose
on the main or crank axle with which they engage by means of clutches and
gearing with each other by means of double toothed wheels carried by a chain or
other similar driving wheel substantially as herein before described.
Secondly The construction of a gearing giving three different speeds and
composed of two wheels running loose on the main or crank axle with which they
engage by means of clutches and gearing with each other by means of intermediate
wheels carried by a chain wheel substantially as hereinbefore described
Thirdly. The construction of a gearing giving three different speeds in such
manner that the speed may be changed by stopping one or other of the wheels as
herein before described
Fourthly. The construction of a gearing giving three different speeds by the
employment of clutches placed between the wheels and the main or crank-axle in
such manner as to as to allow either or both the wheels to be held stationary
while the axle is revolved in a forward direction when the gearing is placed on the
main axle or in a backward direction when the gearing is placed on the crank axle
as herein before described.
In witness whereof I the said Robert Charles Jay have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Sixth day of December in the year of our Lord One
Thousand Eight Hundred and Eighty-Three