IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF MOVING POWER TO CLOCKS AND TIMEPIECES
Year: 1841

page_text: BARWISE AND BAIN'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME GREETING,
we, JOHN BARWISE, of Saint Martin's Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Chronometer Maker, and ALEXANDER BAIN, of Wigmore Street, in the said
County of Middlesex, Mechanist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Eleventh day of January, in the fourth year of Her reign, did give and
grant unto us, the said John Barwise and Alexander Bain, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said John Barwise and Alexander Bain; our executors,
administrators, and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Barwise
and Alexander Bain, our exécutors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make; use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, Wales, the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF MOVING POWER TO CLOCKS AND
TIMEPIECES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, that
we, the said John Barwise and Alexander Bain, shall particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our. hands and
seals, to be enrolled, in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery-within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as, reference being had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Barwise and Alexander Bain, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following instrument in writing
(reference being had to the letters and figures therein contained, and to the
Drawings thereunto annexed):
In Sheet A, Figures 1, 2, 3 represent the method of applying the pendulum
of a regulating clock or timekeeper for making and breaking alternately the
electric connection between the source of electricity, and the electro-magnetic
clocks and timepieces. The letters refer to the same parts in the three
Figures. a is the back plate of the clock or timepiece 6 is an ivory or other
non-conducting ring. fixed to the back plate; c, c, c, represent á number of
metal studs fastened at given, distances into the ivory.or: non-conducting ring.
The studs are made flush with that part of the ring on which the spring rubs;
.the other ends of the studs projects from the other side of the ring, in order that
the wires d, d, d, indicated by red lines, may be fastened to them. These wires
pass through the holes of projecting: ivory or non-conducting plates ee, which
are fastened on to the inner pait of the back plate a. These wires.d; d, d, are
collected together and pass through the tubes or barrels f,f, fixed to the back
plate a. The wires d, d, d; thus attached to the studs. c, c, c, are connected
-with clocks or timepieces in various ways, the arrangement. and machinery' of
which are explained in Sheets B, C, and D. The spindle g of the escapement
wheel, according to the Drawings (see side.view, Figure 2), is lengthened' so' as
.to receive at its end the spring h, the extreme end of: which gently presses on
the ivory or non-conducting ring, and also on the metal studs cc c,: as will be
hereafter explained. In order to explain the course of the electric current
along the wire, the term positive wire will be used until the current gets to the
soft iron which is to be, rendered:magnetic, and the term negative wire will be
used when the electric current::comes from the 'magnet. The positive wire i
passes from the battery.j, or other: source of electricity, and is connected with
that part of the spindle g; to which is fastened the spring h.. "As soon as the
regulating movement of the pendulum allows the spring to pass from the ivory
or non-conducting surface on to either of the studs, the electric' current passes

page_text: along the positive wire i (as indicated by arrows, going out of the battery) and
through the stud c, that is connected' with the positive wire d, which passes in
a number of coils round the soft iron magnet of clock No. 1, in' Sheet B, and
returns to the voltaic battery or other source of electricity by the negative wire
k. In this interval of time the soft iron (see enlarged view of clock or
timepiece 1, Sheet B,) is rendered a magnet, which draws towards it tlie
spring in of the timepiece, by which means the catch spring n, that is fastened
at the bottom angle of the spring m, passes over one tooth of the escapement
wheel o, o, o, and holds on to that tooth; thus, when the next movement of the
regulating clock causes the spring h to pass over the non-conducting surface
between the studs, thus breaking the electric current, the magnetic influence of
the 'soft iron l ceases and allows the spring m to return as far as the point of
the screw P, which return of the spring m, causes the spring n to give motion
to the escapement wheel o, o, o, of the timepiece. The bracket q is screwed to
the flange forming the upper part of the clock frame; to the upper part of the
bracket is fastened' the spring m. The soft iron 7 that is rendered at intervals
a magnet, may be formed of one or several parts fixed together, and at its base
is also screwed to the flange forming the upper part of the clock frame. The
face of the soft iron magnet / must be placed at a regulated distance from the
point of the screw p, so that when the spring in vibrates with the catch spring
n, motion shall be given to the escapemont wheel. is a spring to hold the
escapement wheel during the period that the spring m is being drawn by the
magnet l.
Sheet B also exhibits a number of clocks. or timepieces constructed the
same as No. 1 (enlarged view). Each clock has a positive wire leading from
a stud in the ring b, b, b, of the regulating clock (Sheet.A), but only ono
negative wire is used for all the clocks. One end of the negative wire is fixed
to No: 60 of the series, and in passing through the other clocks of the series.
the negative wire is connected with all the electro-magnets, and terminates in
the battery, or other source of electricity. The negative end of the wire
leading from each magnet of the whole number of clocks (as seen in Sheet B,
enlarged view of clock or timepiece No. 1) is fastened to the single negative
wire that passes through all the clocks. Thus, as soon as the spring 7 in Sheet
A touches in succession each stud c, c, d, so soon will the electric current pass
in succession along each positive wire to the single negative wire that passes
through all the clocks, and the soft iron magnet of each clock in succession will
be influenced by the electric current at every motion or bent of the pendulum.
The plan (Sheet B) shews only one: clock in connection with each wire from

page_text: the regulating clock or timekeeper, but any number of clocks may be connected,
with each wire, but the power of the battery or clectric source must be increased
in proportion to the number of clocks or timepieces in connection with each.
wire. The plan (Sheet B) represents 60 clocks connected by the same number
of wires with the regulating clock or timekeeper, and the number may be
increased to 120; but we have not found a greater number of clocks and wires.
to succeed, owing to the difficulty of performing more than 120 mechanical.
movements in succession in a minute with certainty.
Figure 3, Sheet A, also exhibits a method of working simultaneously a
number of clocks by the regulating movements of the pendulum. The pen-
dulum P has a thin spring of metal q fastened to it at right angles. The end
of this thin spring must when the pendulum is in a perpendicular position be
on the metal conductor R, which conductor is fixed in a block of ivory or
other non-conductor. The positive wire S of the battery is fastened to the
upper part of the metal pendulum, and the wire T is fastened to the metal
conductor R, so that each vibrating movement of the pendulum, the point of
the thin spring a touching the conductor R, the electric current will pass over;
the positive wire S and the wire T, and thereby simultaneously work several
clocks or timepieces (as at y and z), made according to the enlarged view of
clock 1, Sheet B, with this difference only, that the timepiece train is cal-
culated to beat according to the vibrations of the pendulum. The arrangement
just described (Figure 3, Sheet A,) will not be so advantageous for several
purposes, since it will require much more electric power than the arrangement
previously described (Sheet B).
Sheet C exhibits a number of circles, intended to represent clocks or time-
pieces constructed according to the enlarged Drawing, Figure 1, and section
of improved part, Figure 2. Suppose the voltaic battery or other source of
electricity and regulating clock to be placed at the position B, the blue line
would indicate the negative and the red line the positive wire from the battery.
The shorter blue and red lines indicate the positive and negative wires con-
necting each clock with the main positive and negative wires of the battery;
thus at given intervals of time each clock is wound up by the attraction of the
magnet, or otherwise the main spring is drawn into a position to continue the
action of the clock or timepiece. The ratchet connected with the striking
part of the clock is also turned partly round at cach action of the electro-
magnet, so as to partly wind up a main spring in the barrel, represented by.
the circular dotted lines, which action of the magnet also sets the hands of the
clock exactly with those of the regulating clock.
:

page_text: Figure 1 is the front view of a clock with a part of the dial face removed
in order to shew the works acted on by the electro-magnet. a is the soft
iron electro-magnet, with a number of coils of wire round it, which is fixed
to the front plate of the clock. The horizontal slip or bar of metal 6 has
its two ends c, c, made to slide in bearings d, d, which are also fixed to the
front plate of the clock. To the under part of the slip or bar of metal bis'
fixed at right angles a slip of soft iron e, which slip of metal must be opposite
to the attracting end of the soft iron electro-magnet a. The upright piece of
metal fis fixed at its lower end to the horizontal slip or bar of metal 6. The
upper end of this upright piece of metal is turned at right angles, and thus
forms a parallel position with the horizontal slip or bar of metal b. The end ġ
of this angular piece of metal f is pronged (also see side view, Figure 2), for
the purposes hereafter explained. A disc of metal h is attached to the spindle
of the minute hand; an ivory or non-conducting flat ring i is let into the metal
disc h; a second ivory or non-conducting flat ring j is also let into the metal'
disc h; a small piece of metal k is let into the inner flat ivory or non-conduct-
ing ring i, so that its under surface shall touch the metal disc h.. Immediately
on a line or opposite to this little piece of metal k is a stud l, fixed on the metal
disch; one end of the spring m has a stud that fastens it to the front plate of '
the clock, the other end of the spring m has a stud with a nib point to it, which
is gently pressed on the ivory flat ring i (see section of the disc h, Figure 2)..
Under the angular piece of metal f is a small spring n, fastened at one end to
the angular piece of metal, and the other end gently presses on the metal
disc h, as seen in section, Figure 2, it being concealed under the angular piece
of metal, Figure 1. Two spring catches n', n³, are fixed to the upper part of
the horizontal slip or bar of metal b, so that the catch end of each spring n', n³,
shall work the ratchet wheels o', 0%. The click p is merely to hold the ratchet
wheel o' while the spring catch'n' is returning to take another tooth of the
ratchet. A main spring q, in shape of a gun-lock spring, is screwed atr to the
front plate of the clock, and its spring point s moves the horizontal slip or bar
of metal, which gives other movements, as hereafter explained. Now, in order
to set this mechanism in motion, one wire of the magnet is connected with
the positive wire of the battery and regulating clock, and the other wire of
the magnet is fixed to the spring n under the angular piece of metal f; the
negative wire of the battery is fastened to that stud of the spring m that is
attached to the front plate of the clock (also see section, Figure 2.) When the
movements of the clock, Figure 1, bring the small piece of metal k under the
nib point of the spring m, the stud / will consequently be under the angular

page_text: piece of metal f (as seen in Figure 2). At this part of its revolution the
regulating clock..(as all the metallic parts are in connection with each other)
will transmit the electric current from the battery or other source of electricity
to the soft iron electro-magnet.a, which immediately draws, the opposite piece
of soft iron.e, which, being fixed to the horizontal piece of metal or bar b, .puts
back the spring 9, and allows the catch spring n³ to take up another tooth of
the ratchet wheel.o, and causes the catch spring in to move the ratchet
wheel,o,
the distance of..one tooth, which partly winds up the striking main
spring, as before stated, and the upright piece of metal being fixed to the
horizontal slip or. bar of metal b, the angular pronged part of the upright
piece of metal makes the same movement that the magnet ja gives to the piece
of metal e opposite the magnet. This motion of the angular pronged part
draws the stud to the central point between the prongs, and the pronged part
continuing its motion, leaves the stud',free to move with the minute hand, and
by this.action (see dotted lines, Figure 2,),the, clock will be timed in; exact
accordance with the regulating clock; and as soon as the point of the spring m
is free from the metal disc h.and is on the ivory ring, the electric current is
broken, and the magnet ceases to be attractive. The main spring. in returning
to its former position slides back the horizontal slip or bar of metal band
the spring catch a holding on to the tooth of the ratchet wheel o² causes
the great wheel, represented by dotted circle, of the going train to move,
which keeps the clock going for one hour or any other period of time to
which the mechanism may be calculated.
It will be observed, according to the enlarged Drawing of the clock, Figure 1,
Sheet C, that when the small piece of metal k is under the nib point of
spring m the minute hand of the clock will be at twenty-seven minutes past
the hour. The regulating clock transmits from the battery or other source
of electricity an electric current every minute to the conducting wires,
'consequently, the metallic connections being thus made in this clock, which
is an enlarged view of No. 27, the current is transmitted to the electro-magnet
of this clock only. The spring .m is now on a line with the 15th minute:
the minute hand is at 27 when the connection is made for the passage of the
electric current; thus, in order to make the metallic connection of clock
No. 28 in this sèries a minute after 27, it is only, necessary to place the
spring m on a line with minute 16, and so, on in succession, with the whole
number of sixty clocks or timepieces, which arrangement causes the, electric
current to be transmitted from the regulating clock or timekeeper to only one
clock or tiniepięce of the series.nt one and the same time,

page_text: • Sheet D: Figure I is the front view of an ordinary clock with mechanism
worked by electric currents for the purpose of bringing the minute hand
(provided it deviate not more than a minute from the time of the regulating
clock) to exact time with the 'regulating clock. The centre part of the
dial plate is removed in order to shew the connecting parts which convey the
electric current. A is an ivory or non-conducting ring let into the face of the
front plate, of the clock; is a spring fixed to the spindle of the minute.
hand; its point presses gently, on the ivorycor non-conducting flat ring a, bo
cis a small piece of metal that is flush with the face of the ivory or non-
conducting flat ring a; the under part of this small piece of metal has the wire
d attached to it; one end of the wire is connected with the spindle of the
minute hand, so as not to impede the rotary movement of the spindle. A soft
iron electro-magnet f is fixed to the front plate of the clock, and is placed
with its attracting point over the horizontal bar of soft iron g, the ends of
which, being turned at right angles, slide up and down in bearings h, h, which
are fixed in the front plate of the clock. A slip of metal i has its upper end
fixed to the centre of the horizontal bar of soft iron g. The bottom end of this
slip of metal i has a rising stud, that connects the two clips or digits k, k, which
work on pivots,, which are screwed into the front plate of the clock. The
end n of the spring m is screwed to the front plate of the clock; the other part
of the spring is placed over a projecting piece of the slip of metal, in order that
the spring m may bring the clips or digits to their present extended-position
whenever the electro-magnet is not influenced by the electric current.The
wire d leads from the regulating clock and terminates at the piece of metal c.
When the whole metallic parts are in connection, as shewn in the plan,
Figure 1, the electric currents will be transmitted from the regulating-clock
to the electro-magnet, which, by attracting, the horizontal bar of soft iron 9,
'causes the clips or digits to bring the minute hand (provided it be not more
than a minute out of time) to the exact time indicated by the regulating clock.
As the regulating clock causes the electric current. to cease; the spring m. will
return.the.clips or digets to their extended position, and allow the minute hand
to continue its course: Thus; in order to set the hands of a number of clocks in
succession, it is only necessary to vary the position of the springb, as before stated
in the description of Figure. 1, Sheet C.
Figure 2, Sheet D; is the representation of the mode of supplying the
voltaic battery with sulphate of copper or other suitable materials, for the
purpose of: exciting and sustaining the electric current, which we have found
thė, most convenient:" a is a horizontal wheel, worked by suitable mechanism,

page_text: b
so as to empty at intervals of time a cup 6 of sulphate of copper or other suit-
able materials into the battery. Figure 4 is a side view of the mechanism a, a.
Each cup 6 swings on pivots between the two rings. An upright spring c
(see Figure 4) is fixed to the bar of metal that crosses the inner chamber,
according to the plan view; thus, at given intervals of time, as required, the
mechanism in going round with the cups will cause the lever d that is
attached to the pivot of the cup to press against the upright spring c, and
thereby reverse the cup, so as to empty the contents, as seen in Figure 4.
Fig. 3 represents a number of wires twisted together like a rope; or the posi-
tive and negative wires are twisted with hemp or other fibrous rope, to prevent
the liability of the wires or stretching breaking.
Sheet E: Figure 1 is the front view of the improved parts of a timepiece
that has its pendulum worked by the soft iron magnet when influenced by
the electric current, which working or vibrating of the pendulum causes the
escapement wheel to move round, and thereby to give motion to a timepiece
without the aid of a main spring or weight. (We do not consider it
requisite to exhibit the other parts of the timepiece, being ordinary clock
work). a is the soft iron magnet, fixed to the inner part of the back
plate of the timepiece; 6 is a piece of soft iron fixed to the pendulum rod;
c is a catch spring, fastened at one end to the rod of the pendulum, its
catch end draws forward a tooth of the escapement wheel when the pendulum
moves towards the electro-magnet. The spring d is merely to hold the
escapement wheel during the return of the catch spring c of the pendulum.
The small sliding rod e, e, crosses the pendulum, and works in bearings f,f,
which bearings are fixed to the inner part of the back plate of the timepiece.
A small spring g is fixed at one end of the sliding rod e, c; the other end
of the spring is made to touch the stud or projecting piece of metal h
that is fixed to the back plate. The wire i leading from the battery is
fastened to the stud or projecting piece of metal h; the wirej from the soft
iron magnet is fastened to that end of the spring 9 that is fixed to the sliding
rode, e; the wire K from the magnet is conveyed to and connected with the
battery or other source of electricity. When the spring j.is in connexion
with the block or stud h the electric current renders the soft iron attractive,
and thereby draws the soft iron on the pendulum rod towards it, and also
brings with it the pendulum. By this same movement the catch spring c
partly turns the escapement wheel, and just before the soft iron 6 touches
the soft iron clectro-magnet, the pendulum rod at touches or presses
the projecting shoulder o¹ of the sliding rod e, e, and thereby removes the

page_text: spring g from the stud or projecting pieco of metal h, which breaks the electric
current, and the magnet ceases to attract, consequently the pendulum is free to
vibrate in a contrary direction, which return movement causes the catch spring
c to pass on to another tooth of the escapement wheel, when almost at the
same moment of time the part of the pendulum rod 7 presses against the pro-
เ
jecting shoulder os of the sliding rod, and thereby causes the spring 9 again
to touch the stud h, so as to again form the electric current, which again
renders the electro-magnet. attractive, the sole motive power of the timepiece
being electro-magnetism. By means of a spring hand, a non-conducting ring,
and suitable number of wires, as shewn in Sheet A, Figure 1, 2, 3, this
improved timepiece can be made to distribute electric currents in the same
manner as the clock in Sheet A.
Figure 2 is a slide view of the escapement of a balance timekeeper, with
the pinion on the spindle of the escapement wheel, worked by the seconds
wheel; the other parts of the timepiece are omitted in this Figure to
render the improved parts more distinctly visible. The improvement is for
transmitting the electric current from the voltaic battery, or other source
of electricity, to one or to a number of clocks or timepieces. The wires
are arranged as in Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet A. The pinion on the
spindle of the escapement wheel is in gear with the seconds hand wheel a,
which has a small metal stud or arm b, that just touches that part of
the ivory or non-conducting disc c that has a number of metal studs, for the
purpose of conveying the electric current, as seen in Figure 1, Sheet A. Thus,
as the seconds hand is regulated in its movements by aid of the balance of the
timekeeper in connection with what is commonly called the balance spring,
the small-stud or arm 6 will pass round, touching in succession each stud that
is in connexion with the positive wire, as described in Figure 1, Sheet A.
Sheet E: Figure 3 represents part of the frame of a striking clock, in front of
which is seen the gathering palette wheel e of the striking train, which makes
one revolution for each blow of the hammer on the bell. g is the position wire
from the battery or other source of electricity to the striking clock, and is in
connection with the spindle of the gathering palette wheel e; the ivory block d
has a metal stud fixed into it, to which is attached the wire e; the spring f
is fixed to the palette wheel, and consequently revolves with it; this spring in
making its revolution comes in contact with the metal stud fixed into the ivory
or non-conducting block d, which closes the electric circuit, and the soft iron
magnet, Figure 3*, becomes attractive, and draws towards it the soft iron h,
which makes the hammer i strike the bell j, consequently every revolution of

page_text: the gathering palette wheel causes the electric circuit to be made, which
repeats the stroke of the hammer; thus, at every blow of the striking clock,
Figure 3. a. corresponding blow will be given to the electro-magnetic striking
work, Figure 3*.,
*
ر ..
Figure 4, Sheet E, is a method of giving motion to a number of clocks
or timepieces by means of electric currents transmitted by a timekeeper
regulated by a pendulum or balance: By this.method five long conducting
wires are required. a is a non-conducting disc; 6,6% are two metal half
circles fixed on to the non-conducting disc a. The positive wire from the
battery or other source of electricity is. in: connection with the spindle. of
a timekeeper regulated by a pendulum or balance.. The spring c is fixed
on the spindle of the timekeeper; the point of the spring c.rubs gently as it
revolves on the metal half circles 6,6; the positive: wire d' is connected with
the metal half circle 6' the positive wire dis connected with the metal half
circle negative wire e is connected with the battery or other source of
electricity. The extreme ends of the positive wires d', d, and negative wire e
must be kept separate and not touch each other. fff; are brass plates,
shewing the mechanism of the improved parts. of the electro-magnetic..clock
or timepiece. g'; III, 9, are soft iron electro-megnets fixed to the
plates fff, two of which are necessary by this arrangement to work
each clock or timepiece; 'h, h, h, h, h; h, are soft iron. frames suspended by
springs to the brackets i, i,i; j,j,j, are ivory or non-conducting horizontal
bars fixed to the metal plates fff; k, k,.are pieces of metal let into the
ivory or non-conducting horizontal bars j,j; ., are pieces of metal fixed to
the ivory or non-conducting horizontal bars so as not to touch the piece of
metal h; k; the springs m, m, are fixed to the metal plates f, f, f. 'n, n,n,
are parts of the frames h; h, h; the catch springs 0, 0, are. screwed to the
soft iron frames h, h, h.. p, p, p, are wheels, which give motion by suitable
mechanism to the clocks or timepieces; q, q..q, are springs attached to the
soft.iron.frames h,.h, h,. the points of which touch the metals k, k, k, and 1,1,1,
alternately, the period that the spring c, which is attached to the spindle of the
regulating.clock,, passes.over.the metal half circle bit transmits the electric
current through the wired to the electro-magnet gof plate f; it then
passes along the wire to the metal k, which is in connection with the spring
qof the soft iron. frame h; it is then conducted on a wire on this frame,
passing over the bracket i, f, and proceeds to the negative wire e, by which it
returns to the battery or other source of electricity. The electric circuit being
thus complete, the electro-magnet g' becomes attractive, and draws towards it

page_text: the soft iron frame h, h. The catch spring o' moves by this action the wheel
one tooth, and the catch spring of takes on to apother tooth; the same action
of the soft iron frame h carries the spring g' off the metal k to the metal 7,
which is connected by a wire to the soft iron.magnet g³, plate f³. The spring
m holds the point n, and consequently keeps the soft iron frame h, h, in con-
nection with the metal, which is connected by a long conducting wire to the
magnet g, plate f. The metallic circuit being thus complete; the electric
current will pass from wire de to bracket i, plate, proceed down the wire to
spring 9 on the slip of metal, which is connected by a wire to the magnet.g³,
from which it passes to the metal l, plate fi, to spring q', and up the wire on
the frame to the bracket i, and returns to the battery or other source of
electricity by the wire e, as before; the soft iron magnet g³ thus becoming
attractive, draws towards it, the soft iron frame h, h, plate f, and produces
corresponding movements in the mechanism of fas described in plate f¹, the
mechanism of which allows the electric current to pass from the wired along
the wire over the bracket i and soft iron frame f to spring g³, to metal, and
along its wire to the electro-magnet g, plate f³; from which it passes to the
metal slip, plate f, on to the spring 9' up the wire of the soft iron metal
frame h, h, and returns over the bracket i, plate f³, to the battery or other
source of electricity by the wire e..
Having thus shewn the action of the electric currents from the wire d², it is
evident that the same action can be continued to a considerable number of
clocks or timepieces, which actions must be completed within the period of
time that the spring c of the regulating clock is in contact with the metal half
circle 63. As soon as the spring c comes in contact with the metal half circle 6',
the electric current is transmitted to the wire d'. Similar actions take place
with the soft iron magnets g, 9, 9, and the mechanism connected with them,
thus reponting the movements of the racket wheels p, p, p, by the spring o³.
We have, not represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed the ordinary
parts and mechanism of clocks and timepieces, such parts and mechanism being
perfectly well known to clock-makers, and forming no part of our Invention;
nor have we herein, described any mode of producing or exciting, the electric
current, or of rendering masses of iron magnetic, such methods being now
perfectly well known to all persons conversant with electro-magnetism; but the
improvements we claim as our. Invention in the application of moving power
to clocks and timepieces are comprised under the following heads:
First, the application of the vibration of a pendulum for making and
breaking the electric circuit at proper intervals, so that an electric current

page_text: or currents may be transmitted as a moving power to clocks and time-
pieces, as herein-before described. The methods in which this part of our
Invention may be performed and put in practice is represented in Sheet A
Figs. 1, 2, 3; but the mechanism suitable for putting into practice this part
of our Invention will admit of many variations, according to the peculiar
circumstances of the case, the rate of the pendulum, and the electric currents
to be transmitted; but such variations for the apparatus, arrangement, and
machinery here represented, will at once suggest themselves to any person
moderately conversant with the department of the arts to which this Invention
relates.
Second, the application of the attractive power produced in soft iron by an
electric current whose transmission is regulated by a pendulum, as herein-
before described, as the moving power for clocks and timepieces.. The
árrangements and mechanism for this part of our Invention are represented in
Sheet B, enlarged view, No. 1.
Third, the application of an electric current in connection with a pendulum,
as herein-before described, to any number of clocks and timepieces in suc-
ccssion, each clock being connected with a separate conducting wire. The
Drawing, Sheet B., shews an arrangement for sixty clocks, the arrows
indicating the course of the electric current along the connecting wires.
Fourth, the application of the same electric current in connection with a
pendulum, as herein-before described, as the moving power in any number
of clocks at the same instant, each clock being connected with the same
conducting wire.
Fifth, the application of an electric current in connection with a pendulum,
as herein-before described, to wind up and keep going any number of clocks
and timepieces. The arrangement of this part of our Invention is exhibited
in Sheet C.
Sixth, the application of an electric current in connection with a pendulum,
as herein-before described, to set in succession the hands of any number of
electro-magnetic clocks, so as to agree with the time indicated by the
regulating pendulum. The arrangements requisite for this part of our
Invention are shewn in the Drawing, Fig. 1, Sheet C.
Seven, the application of an electric current in connection with a pendulum,
as herein-before described, to set the hands of an ordinary clock or timepiece
to any required time. The mechanism by which we carry this part of our
Invention into practice is shewn, Fig. 1, Sheet D.
Eight, the application of conducting wires insulated in any of the usual

page_text: manners, and twisted together so as to form a rope, in the manner herein-
before described, for the purpose of transmitting electric currents as the
moving power in clocks and timepieces.
Nine, the application of electro-magnetism as the moving power in lieu
of springs or weights in ordinary pendulum clocks and timepieces. The
mechanism by which we put in practice this part of our Invention is shewn in
Figure 1, Sheet E.
Ten, the application of the motions or vibrations of the balance in con-
nection with the balance spring, for making and breaking the electric circuit
at proper intervals, so that an electric current or currents may be transmitted
as a moving power to clocks and timepieces, as herein-before described. The
arrangements by which we put in practice this part of our Invention are
shewn, Figure 2, Sheet E.
Eleven, the application of an electric current to the striking of a clock.
The mechanism requisite for this part of our Invention is shewn in Figure 3
and Figure 3*, Sheet E.
Twelve, the transmission from one clock or timepieco to another, through a
continuous series of clocks or timepieces in succession, of an electric current
or currents. The mechanism and apparatus by which this part of our
Invention is to be performed and put in practice are represented in Figure 4,
Sheet E.
The above twelve heads are the separate and several claims into which it
appears to us our improvements in the application of moving power to clocks
and timepieces may be conveniently divided, but various parts of our Invention.
may be combined in different and other manners than those specifically herein
pointed out, of which the following is a most important instance:-Suppose
the regulating clock (Figure 1, Sheet A,) to mark Greenwich time, the
pendulum vibrating seconds, the wires S, T, (Figure 3, Sheet A,) may extend
to any distant station (say twenty miles); clock (as that represented
Figure 1, Sheet B,) at that station would indicate Greenwich time, this clock,
having a source of electricity connected with it, may by an apparatus (as that
shewn at g, R, Figure, Sheet A,) transmit the electric currents to a second
distant station; a clock at this distant station, having also a source of electricity
connected with it, and provided with an apparatus (as q, R, Figure 3, Sheet A),
will transmit the electric current to any third distant station, and so on; thus
Greenwich time would be indicated at each succeeding station to any required
distance. Further, all the clocks in the neighbourhood of each station could
be worked by the source of electricity connected therewith, each being provided

page_text: with an arrangement of wires and apparatus similar to that represented in
Figure 1, 2, and 3; Sheet A, and thus a perfect uniformity of time, or Greenwich
time, would be shewn by all the clocks throughout the country.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Barwise and Alexander Bain, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of July, One thou- 5
sand eight hundred and forty-one.