IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOOP IRON.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Betts Bradshaw, of Clough Hill House,
Rotherham, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOOP IRON.".
Sealed the 21st July 1874, and dated the 10th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Betts Bradshaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th March 1874.
°
I, JOSEPH BETTS BRADSHAW, of Clough Hill House, Rotherham, in"
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOOP IRON," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hoop iron for use, especially for hooping casks and for binding bales.
In manufacturing hoop iron for the purpose of hooping casks in place
of rolling it with a smooth surface as heretofore, I roll it on the side'
which comes next the cask with a series of ridges in the form of ratchet

page_text: teeth thus . Hoops made of iron so rolled drive on to a cask
as easily as hoops with a smooth face, but the teeth laying hold of the
wood prevent the hoop slipping back along the taper of the cask as
ordinary hoops are liable to do.
I sometimes roll the hoop iron rather thicker on one side than the
other to compensate for the extension and thinning of the metal by
hammering in the process of coning the hoop.
thus
For hooping bales I roll hoop iron with a rib or ribs on its surface
When bales are bound with iron of this section the bands
or hoops may be lighter than if flat hoops be employed, and the bands 1
or hoops will be found less liable to give way especially at the corners
where the ordinary bands or hoops usually fail..
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Betts Bradshaw in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BETTS BRADSHAW, of Clough Hill House, Rotherham, in the County of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph Betts Bradshaw, Her special license that
I, the said Joseph Betts Bradshaw, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Betts Bradshaw, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thercafter during
the term therein expressed should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for“ Im-.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOOP IRON," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Betts Bradshaw, my exccutors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Betts Bradshaw, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hoop iron for use, especially for hooping casks.
In manufacturing hoop iron for the purpose of hooping casks in place
of rolling it with a smooth surface as is now the usual practice, I roll
it on the side which comes next the cask with a series of ridges in the
form of ratchet teeth. Hoops made of iron so rolled drive on to a cask
as easily as hoops with a smooth face, but the teeth laying hold of the
wood prevent the hoop slipping back along the taper of the cask as
ordinary hoops are liable to do.
A further advantage of great importance resulting from rolling hoop
iron in this manner, is that in the process of splaying or coning the
hoops the blows of the hammer do not fall upon the edge of the hoop.
Ordinary hoops are much weakened in splaying, the hammer thinning.
the edge unevenly, and producing locally weak places in the edge from
which tears are liable to start.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings shews the section of a hoop.iron
rolled with teeth upon it in the manner described; they are produced by
the last pair of rolls between which the heated iron (or steel) is passed in
the process of reducing it to the hoop section. One of these rolls is plain
and the other is grooved on the surface to correspond with the teeth-
like projections which it is desired to produce. Guides control the passage
of the iron between the rolls. In place of forming such teeth over the
whole width of the hoop iron they may be formed on one side only, as is
shown at Figure 2. The incline or slope of the teeth may also be varied
as is shewn for example in Figures 3. By forming hoop iron in this
manner in addition to obtaining a more secure hold on the cask when
hoops made from such iron are in use, I secure the further advantage
that the edge of the hoop which receives the blows of the hammer when
the hoop is driven is thicker than the other edge, so that the hoop is not

page_text: liable to buckle in driving on to the cask. Thus by making hoop iron
thick on the edge which receives the blows of the hanimer in driving,
and thin on the other edge (and elsewhere except where it is thickened
for the purpose of forming tooth-like projections as already described
and shewn), I am able to roll it to a lighter section than otherwise
would be suitable. It will be seen then that I increase the thickness of
the metal at those points only where an increase of thickness serves a
useful purpose, that is to say, to form the holding teeth and to form one
thickened edge to sustain the blows of the hammer in driving the hoop.
Any thickening at other points is a wasteful expenditure of metal, and
by avoiding such waste I am able to roll. hoop iron lighter than hereto-
forc without any sacrifice of efficiency, and so a considerable saving is
effected..
Figure 4 shews a section with a single tooth thickening one edge of
the hoop iron only; if as I prefer the hoop be used with the tooth on its
inner side the tooth serves the double purpose of holding the hoop on
the barrel, and of preventing the hoop bending or buckling under the
blows of the hammer in driving it on to the cask, but if the hoop be
used with the tooth on the outer side, as is possible the latter object
alone will be attained. Other forms are shewn at Figures 5.
What I claim is the manufacture of hoop iron with holding teeth to
retain the hoop on the barrel, substantially as described.
I also claim the manufacture of hoop iron toothed or thickened on
one side or edge to retain the hoop on the barrel, and to sustain the
blows of the hammer in driving the hoop, or to serve either of these ends,
substantially as described..
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Betts Bradshaw, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Third day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.