matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DRIVING OF MILLSTONES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
-
26th March 1870. A communication from abroad by William
Charlton Harrison, of Gawler, South Australia.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DRIVING OF MILLSTONES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to regulate and steady the rotation of
millstones, and to reduce the vibrations of the building in which such
stones work, and this is accomplished by employing springs fitted in a
special manner, either to the "runner" end of the spindle or to some
other part of it, as hereafter described.
According to one method of fitting the springs, that is to say, to the
runner end of the spindle, the mace or driver is made of a different
shape than usual, and does not take into the runner as formerly, but is
shaped to receive springs at each side of it, which are firmly bolted or

page_text: of
braced thereto. The free ends of the springs enter holes in the cyc
the runner, so that it is carried round by the springs. By this means
all jarring or jerking of the stone is avoided when the engine is passing
the dead centres. The holes in which the springs take are bushed with
metal so that the stone is not injured. The springs may each of them
be composed of a single plate, or of a number of plates held firmly to
one another by studs or pins in slotted holes; they may be enclosed in a
casing or box of their own, so that if one of them should break it would
not leave the box and come in contact with the working faces of the
stones.
In other cases it will be advisable to fit the springs to the lower end
or some other part of the spindle or shaft. If fitted to the lower end of
the spindle it is preferred_to bolt or brace them to a block or mace at
that end, and cause studs on the pinion to press against the springs, and
so revolve the spindle and runner.
AN IMPROVED SHIELD OR MANTELET FOR FIELD PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Creasey Whellams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
September 1870.
I, CREASEY WHELLAMS, 8, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SHIELD OR MANTELET FOR FIELD PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I construct my improved shield or mantelet of wrought iron or steel
in the form of a hollow triangle having two sides extending to the height
of 7 feet, more or less, with a triangular hood or covering on the top.
I mount the said shield or mantelot on wheels so as to make it portable:.
To the inner sides of the triangle I fix a shaft or shafts to which horses
may be harnessed for transferring it rapidly to any position. Within the
triangular sides I form a platform which will be the position for those
having charge of the mantelet to occupy, & beneath this platform will'
be mounted breech-loading guns with their muzzles projecting through.
the sides of the shield or mantelet, the vertical or horizontal angle of
the said guns being regulated or adjusted by means of a screw or screws.
and swivels attached to the guns or platform.

page_text: At any convenient height above the said platform I form port holes
through the sides of the shield or mantelet through which rifles may be
used. In the said port holes I mount tubular boxes on a swivel for the
protection of the man in charge of the mantelet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING COAL GAS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isham Baggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1870.
I, ISHAM BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Practical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING COAL GAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the more thorough and complete purifi-
cation of coal gas from sulphur. When coal gas has been purified by:
ordinary means there remain certain obstinate compounds of sulphur,.
principally bi-sulphide of carbon, which have been hitherto very difficult
of removal and which cause great injury to property wherever the gas
is burnt.
My Invention mainly consists in altering or decomposing these
residual compounds at common or boiling temperatures, so as to render.
the sulphur readily removeable. This is variously effected by electricity,
by oxidating, bleaching; or reducing solutions or materials, or by the

page_text: introduction of a third substance, as a metal, into the purifying
medium.
Secondly. I operate in some cases by directly absorbing the sulphur
impurities by substances for which they have affinity, as sulphur or
caoutchouc, or by basic sulphides so as to produce sulpho-salts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR PROMOTING THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Blakeborough and
Solomon Sanderson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 10th March 1870.
We, ROBERT BLAKEBOROUGH, of Brighouse, in the County of York,
Brassfounder, and SOLOMON SANDERSON, of Huddersfield, in the same
County, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR
PROMOTING THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in forming a passage or passages along the
bottom or other part of the ashes' place by preference of metal, and of
considerable extent of surface towards the grate bars. This passage or
these passages is or are connected into the back part of a hollow bridge
or chamber constructed of metal or other material at the back part of
the furnace, which bridge or chamber is divided by a vertical midfeather
extending to near the top thereof and crosswise of the furnace, and to
the front part of the said chamber is connected one, two, or more
metallic pipes which are arranged immediately under the grate bars,
forming a continuation of the passage or passages extending to the front

page_text: of the ashes' place, where openings are provided or formed through the
dead plate. Atmospheric air passes along this passage or passages and
becomes heated thereby, and is discharged into the furnace at the front
thereof, and thus combines with the gases or products of combustion,
whereby smoke is consumed. Or these pipes may be so constructed as
to form hollow grate bars for conducting the heated air from the bridge
or chamber to the dead plate.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DECORTICATING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frank Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1870.
I, JOHN FRANK ROGERS, of Featherstone Buildings, Holborn, County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DECORTICATING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES," to be as
follows:-
My machine consists of a cylinder composed of some suitable
metalic or other substance, which is perforated throughout the whole
of its surface, the perforations being so made that the metal raised in
punching them projects into the cylinder, thus causing the inner surface
of the cylinder to be rough and jagged. Under the cylinder is a box or
trough to contain water.
The manner of operating the machine is as follows:- -Water sufficient
to cover the bottom of the cylinder is placed in the trough. Fruit or
vegetables to be operated upon are placed in the cylinder, which is
rotated by means of a crank or any other known contrivance. The
rotation of the cylinder will cause the fruit or vegetables contained in

page_text: it to be rubbed against the roughened surface of the cylinder, whereby
the coating or skin of the fruit or vegetables will be scraped off, while
the water in the trough and in the bottom of the cylinder will soften the
coating of the fruit or vegetables, and as fast as the same is scraped off
it will be washed out through the perforations, thus materially aiding to
pare and cleanse the fruit or vegetables, and keeping the cylinder
perfectly clean. The cylinder may be so placed upon its shaft that the
bearings thereof shall be on opposite sides of the centers, so that the
cylinder will be oscillated from end to end while being rotated, thus
causing the fruit or vegetables to move laterally over the surface of the
cylinder in addition to the motion caused by its rotation. If the inner
surface of the cylinder be slightly corrugated its action upon irregular
shaped fruit or vegetables will be more perfect.
I do not confine myself to the particular form herein described, but
the form or shape thereof may be varied as shall be found necessary or
desirable.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is, a
machine for decorticating fruits or vegetables, substantially as herein.
described.
AN IMPROVED FUSE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frank Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1870.
I, JOHN FRANK ROGERS, of Featherstone Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED FUSE," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention relates to an improved fuse for blasting, igniting
charges in mines, for giving light, and for other purposes. It is made
into the shape of a continuous coil or string and contains nothing
deleterious or offensive in its natural state or while burning, there being.
no phosphorus or other similar ingredient contained therein. It is not
deliquescent or liable to absorb moisture, therefore rendering it valuable
when used in damp places. It requires no covering or coating of varnish
or other substance to protect it from dampness or wet. It burns with a
blaze and the strongest draft of wind dose not extinguish it. The flame
can be easily put out by giving it a slight blow against any hard
substance or by flipping it with the finger thereby keeping a very
inflammable composition under control.

page_text: I have found by a number of experiments that by uniting the
following chemicals and ingredients I obtain this inflammable com-
pound, viz. Of pulverized chlorate of potash take 4 parts; of cascarilla
bark, 2 parts of corundum, 3 parts; or any non-inflammable ingredient
may be substituted for this last, which is used to retard the flame and
cause it to burn consecutively; of rubber dissolved in a liquid state, 3
parts. This compound is now immersed in a sufficient quantity of
bi-sulphate of carbon, benzine, or other solvent to liquify the mass and
by thoroughly mixing bring it into a homogeneous state. The solvent.
is now evaporated by heat or exposure to a draft of air, when the mass
is then ready for fabrication into coils or strands, which is done with
suitable machinery which cuts it into the proper shape, care being taken
not to mix the above compounds while in a dry state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EMBOSSED FABRICS IN IMITATION OF QUILTING, AND APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO THE MAKING OF ORNAMENTAL PETTICOATS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert John Collins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th May 1870.
I, ROBERT JOHN COLLINS, of 15, 16, & 17, Bartholomew Close,
in the City of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EMBOSSED
FABRICS IN IMITATION OF QUILTING, AND APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY TO THE MAKING
OF ORNAMENTAL PETTICOATS," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of embossed fabrics in imitation of quilting, and applicable especially
to the making of ornamental petticoats.
Quilted petticoats are at present made by stitching together in a
suitable ornamental pattern two fabrics enclosing between them a
wadding of cotton wool; this, however, is a somewhat expensive process.
I produce a similar effect more cheaply in the following manner :—I
apply to the back of a fabric, usually of satin or silk, a coating of india-
rubber cement, and when this cement is dry I lay on the cemented
surface a sheet of wadding, and I pass the two together between

page_text: embossing rollers so constructed as to raise and depress the surface of
the fabric according to the pattern required. The embossing rollers
being heated soften the cement on the fabric and it is then driven by the
pressure into the wadding, which is thus caused to adhere to the fabric
and hold it in the form to which it is pressed. After the fabric is 5
embossed it is lined with a suitable back fabric, this may be done in
making up the fabric into petticoats, or previously; petticoats thus con-
structed have the further advantage of being waterproof.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DISCHARGING WATER FROM STEAM PIPES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cochran and John
Kerr at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th January 1870.
We, ALEXANDER COCHRAN, of Kirktonfield, in the County of Renfrew,.
North Britain, and' JOHN KERR, of Neilston, in the same County, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR DISCHARGING WATER FROM STEAM PIPES," to be as follows, that is
to say:
This Invention has for its object the contriving of apparatus for
discharging water from steam pipes so as to be efficient at comparatively
high pressures at which the various kinds hitherto in use are found to
fail in practice.
The improved apparatus comprises a vessel of any convenient form.
with vertical sides, which has its upper part in communication with the
steam pipe so that the water may drain into it, whilst the discharge
outlet is placed in the middle of its bottom. The outlet is fitted with a
valve, which in one modification opens outwards and downwards, being
attached to a rod passing up through a tube in the centre of a float which

page_text: is the means of opening the valve. The float is by preference made of
any convenient solid material slightly lighter than water; it is connected
by its upper outer corners to the outer ends of long arms of two or more
levers which are centred on a bar fixed across the top of the vessel. The
levers are connected to or made to act on the valve rod near their fulcra,
so as whilst giving a much smaller movement to the valve than that of
the float to act upon it with proportionately greater force and certainty.
In this way when the accumulation of water bears up the float the
leverage with which it acts on the valve enables it to open the latter
against the pressure of the steam.
In another modification the discharge valve is arranged to open
inwards and upwards, being connected to the levers so as to open when
the float rises.
Whilst the improved apparatus answers for high pressures it is equally
efficient at any pressure under that for which it is constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'Low WATER ALARMS' FOR STEAM GENERATORS OR WATER HEATERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lees at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1870.
I, ROBERT LEES, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
'Low WATER ALARMS' FOR STEAM GENERATORS OR WATER HEATERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the class of safety apparatus used more
particularly in connection with steam generators and ordinarily termed
low water alarms, wherein an alarm is given on the level of the water
contained in the steam boiler or generator falling to a dangerous
extent.
My improved low water alarm consists of a suitably formed steam
whistle which is mounted on the upper or outer end of a tube, pipe, or
standard, the lower or inner end of which dips into or is in communi-
cation with the water in the steam boiler or generator, so that the water
can enter and fill or nearly fill the said tube or pipe. The passage
communicating with the said whistle is closed by means of a disc or
otherwise shaped piece of gutta percha.

page_text: The apparatus is so fitted that so long as the water is not dangerously
low the water will remain in the said pipe or tube, and there being no
circulation of water therein the said water will not be sufficiently hot
to melt the aforesaid gutta percha, but on the water level in the boiler
or generator falling below the entrance into the said pipe or tube, steam
will enter therein and will take the place of the water, the said gutta
percha being thereby melted or softened, whereby the passage to the
aforesaid steam whistle will be opened and an alarm will be sounded.
In order that the aforesaid gutta percha may be readily replaced with
a fresh piece when melted. a tap or valve is fitted to the said tube
or pipe, by means of which communication with the boiler may be
closed.
AN IMPROVED PROPELLER FOR STEAM NAVIGATION
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George White, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED PROPELLER FOR STEAM NAVIGATION."-A communication from
abroad by Mr. Wilhelm Hacker, Naval Engineer, of Pola, in the
Empire of Austria.
Sealed the 6th September 1870, and dated the 18th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George. White at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th March 1870.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROPELLER FOR STEAM NAVIGATION," a communication to me

page_text: from abroad by Mr. Wilhelm Hacker, Naval Engineer, of Pola, in the
Empire of Austria, to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved propeller for steam navigation,
of which Fig. 1 of the annexed Drawings shows a front, and Fig. 2 a side
elevation view.
My improved propeller consists of a ring A, to the periphery of which
are fixed in the same angular position a suitable number of similarly
constructed aequidistant helical paddles B connected by means of helically
rounded arms C to a boss D, by means of which the propeller is fixed to
a revolving shaft, which in a manner similar to that used for ordinary
screw propellers passes through the stern of the vessel, which shaft receives
the required revolving motion from the steam engine of the vessel, and
thus transmits it to the propeller.
The arrangement of the paddles of my propeller is founded on the
principle that in ordinary screw propellers the maximum effect of the
helical blades or helixes of these latter is nearly limited to about 1, of
the height of the said blades, and in the angular position varying from
30° to 50°. According to this principle the height of the paddles of my
improved propeller is only about ½, of that of the blade of an ordinary
screw propeller of the same nominal horse power; their width or length
is equal to about % of the periphery they describe during each revolution,
and their surfaces from helical plane set at an angle extending, gradually
from 30° to 50° in respect to the plane of the ring A..
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1870.-A communication from abroad by Louis André
Beaudet, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING," communicated to me from
abroad by Louis André Beaudet, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is a mode of tanning, whereby the use
of tan pits is dispensed with, and the hides or skins are treated in the
handling vats or vessels or the ooze vessels. After having been unhaired
and fleshed the hides or skins are soaked in spent, partly spent, or
previously used ooze tanning solutions or liquors, and then removed to
the handling or ooze vats or vessels where they are left for some time,
the strength of the spent tannin being renewed as required. The hides
or skins are then again placed in handling or ooze vats and refreshed or
treated with a stronger or more concentrated tanning solution or liquor.

page_text: They are then drained and pressed to remove moisture and dried in the
air or otherwise if required. They are finally immersed in stronger or
denser tanning liquor at a sufficient temperature.
The tanning agents which I usually prefer are oak bark, kinos, terra
japonica, catechu or cachou, betula alba, quercus coccifera, gall nuts,
myrabalanes, valonia oak and its acorns. Different tanning agents may
be used consecutively on the same skin or hide.
The tanning solutions, liquors, or ooze are preferably prepared by
boiling them in a close vessel, and leaving them to macerate under a
high temperature. It is wise to neutralize the acid reaction of the
extracts while retaining their astringent power.
The Invention may also be applied to tanning sponges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMELTING OF REDUCING METALS FROM THEIR ORES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isham Baggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1870.
I, ISHAM BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMELTING OF REDUCING METALS FROM THEIR
ORES," to be as follows:-
Copper, zinc, or other ores are reduced to a fine powder and dissolved
in nitric or nitrous acid. The nitric oxide resulting from the decom-
position of the acid is mixed with atmospheric air in the approximate
proportion of about seven and a half volumes of atmospheric air to two
volumes of nitric oxide, and the gaseous mixture is forced through or
otherwise brought into contact with water or nitric acid, either of which
may contain an additional quantity of ore.
This operation is best performed in a series of vessels of sufficient.
capacity arranged in the same manner as Woolff's apparatus as well
understood. By these means the nitric acid is recovered and can be
used continuously on fresh portions of ore. The solution being once
made the metal is easily obtained therefrom by various known means,

page_text: but it is preferred to precipitate it as oxide or carbonate; so also the
silver and other metals contained in the ore are readily extracted from
the solution. The ores may be thus dissolved in their crude or native
state, or after the first roasting, or the first fusion, or otherwise. When
the ore is roasted or fused it is in some cases mixed with common salt 5
or other chloride the better to get rid of the arsenic, and where silver
is thus converted into chloride also it is obtained in solution by the
addition of an alkaline cyanide or of a hyposulphite.
To expel any final traces of arsenic in copper when pyrites are used,
air is blown through the molten metal and the oxygen is removed from 1
the copper by poling in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUZZLES FOR DOGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Granhan and
Benjamin Butterfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th June 1870.
We, FREDERICK WILLIAM GRANHAN, Chief Constable of the Borough
of Bradford, in the County of York, and BENJAMIN BUTTERFIELD, of
Bradford, aforesaid, Cutler, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUZZLES FOR DOGS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the construction of muzzles for dogs straps of leather
or a cage or network of wire enclosing the "muzzle" or jaws have been
employed, but these plans are objectionable because the straps required
to prevent biting also prevented the animal taking water, and the wire
cage or network not fitting the head its removal was constantly attempted
by the animal.
The muzzle constructed according to our Invention consists of two
wires bent to the form of the head, and provided at each end with an
eye through which a strap is passed, which strap passes round the neck
of the dog; one wire extending from the back of the head terminates
under the lower jaw; a second wire from below the ears across the line
of the mouth, and crossing the nose is fastened to the strap round the

page_text: neck; a third wire is passed round or enclosed within the two wires
above mentioned at a point near the end of the jaws, leaving sufficient
room to open the mouth freely. The wires are secured or attached to
each other at their points of contact by solder. The elasticity of the
wire causes the muzzle to fit close to the head of the animal, but leaving
the animal free to take breath and water or to open the mouth, and yet
is prevented from inflicting injury or from eating garbage, and the muzzle
is light and durable.
The strength of the
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Adie and William
Simpson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th December 1870.
We, PATRICK ADIE, of Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex,
Mathematical Instrument Maker, and WILLIAM SIMPSON, of Battersea
Park, in the County of Surrey, Philosophical Instrument Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in miners' safety lamps,
railway carriage and other lamps, whereby facility is afforded for burning
paraffine oil and other liquid hydrocarbons in such lamps. In con-
structing a miners' safety lamp according to this Invention an opening or
passage is made upwards through the body or base of the lamp to admit
It is also pro-
air to the flame, which opening is protected by gauze.
posed to employ a self-acting lever and extinguisher for putting out the
light when the lamp is in the act of being opened, the unscrewing of the
top of the lamp acting upon a hinged trigger, which acts in its turn upon
the lever and extinguisher.
In railway carriage and other like lamps it is proposed to provide them
with oil reservoirs situate above the light, and to bring the upper end of

page_text: the wick above the supply, the said wick being introduced from above
the surface of the oil in the oil reservoir so that the wick shall act as a
syphon by capillary action in supplying the oil to the to the light. By
this arrangement the shadow in this description of lamp is greatly reduced
or all but entirely obviated. In order to cut off the connection between
the wick and the oil in the reservoir when the lamp is no longer burning
we employ a sliding tube or other equivalent arrangement for lifting
the end of the wick out of the oil just before or so soon as the lamp is
extinguished. The oil reservoir or cistern may in some cases be situate
entirely outside the lamp and at any convenient distance therefrom, in
which latter case the mere lifting of the lamp out of its position will
suffice to disconnect the wick from the source of oil supply. When
using lamps of the arrangement last referred to small auxiliary oil
cisterns are provided in order to keep the lamps burning preparatory to
being deposited in their places.
IMPROVED LUBRICATING PACKING FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGE JOURNALS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVED LUBRICATING PACKING FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGE
JOURNALS."A communication from abroad by William Henry
Jewell, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 2nd August 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine & Co., Patent Agents, South-
ampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
" IMPROVED
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for
LUBRICATING PACKING FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGE JOURNALS," and have petitioned

page_text: Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that it has been communicated to me from abroad by
William Henry Jewell, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare that the following Complote Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing forming
a part of this Specification:-
This Invention is designed to furnish an improved lubricating cushion
for railway carriage journals which shall be simple in construction,
easily put in and taken out of the journal box, which may be washed
when necessary without injury and returned to the journal box, and 1
which will absorb the oil and convey it to the journal, so as to keep it
constantly lubricated.
The first part of the said Invention consists in forming a lubricating
cushion by enclosing any elastic substance that has the property of
absorbing and holding oil, and presenting and delivering it upon the 2
journal with which it may be in contact, within a pouch or closed
covering made of a flexible textile or felted material designed and
adapted to be applied to a railway carriage journal within the journal
box, as described.

page_text: some suitable fibrous material in a sack, made of a suitable textile or
other fabric, substantially as hercin described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
W. J. LOWE.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE.. (L.S.);
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING PLATE GLASS OR SLABS OF SLATE, STONE, MARBLE, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott, of
Elswick, Newcastle-on-Tyne, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING PLATE GLASS OR SLABS OF SLATE,
STONE, MARBLE, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 6th September 1870, and dated the 27th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Percy Graham Buchanan
Westmacott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 27th May 1870.
I, PERCY GRAHAM BUCHANAN WESTMACOTT, of Elswick, Newcastle-
on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING PLATE GLASS OR SLABS
OF SLATE, STONE, MARBLE, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
grinding or polishing plate glass or slabs of slate, stone, marble, or
other substances.

page_text: The apparatus consists of a framing carrying a vertical axis driven in
any convenient manner. On this axis are arms carrying other vertical
axes with pinions upon them gearing with a circular rack fixed to the
frame. As the pinions travel around the rack they rotate the axes to
which they are fixed. These axes at their lower ends carry rubbers resting
on the glass or other surface to be acted on, which is supported on a
table capable of being traversed horizontally beneath the axes. In this
manner a peculiar action is given to the rubbers, viz., a rotative motion
combined with an orbicular motion, whereby a cross-cutting action is
obtained. More heavily weighted rubbers can be employed and a higher
speed and a quicker execution of the work is attained. The framing
may carry more than one vertical spindle, each fitted with so many
rubbers.
In order also to give a cross-cutting action over the whole surface an
inner and outer rack may be used. The pinions gearing into these will
thus be driven in opposite directions. The table may be stationary, and
the machine instead of the table may be made to travel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER MANUSCRIPTS OR DOCUMENTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Guy, Charles John Guy,
and Frederick Spencer Guy at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd May 1870.
We, JOHN GUY, CHARLES JOHN GUY, and FREDERICK SPENCER GUY,
all of South Street, Finsbury Market, in the County of Middlesex, Fancy
Cabinet Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER MANUSCRIPTS OR
DOCUMENTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is improved apparatus for copying letters
and other writings by pressure.
The Invention consists in constructing apparatus in which the letter
book or article to be treated with pressure is held and pressed between
two surfaces, plates, slabs, or platforms, one of which is acted on by a
spring or springs so that it is capable of a certain motion or play, while
the other surface, slab, plate, or platform, which may be described as a
cover, closes over the book or article firmly, so that such book or article
is pressed between the two surfaces, plates, slabs, or platforms.

page_text: The Invention may thus be carried into effect:-A box or case is
provided with a false or spring bottom, or a slab, or platform, under
which are springs which tend to force it upward. To this box or
case a lid or cover of rigid material is hinged. After damping the
required sheet or sheets of the letter book and placing the letter and oil 5
skin or other guard or an absorbent therein in the usual manner, the
letter book is placed in the box on the false or moveable bottom, and
the lid or cover is closed over it and shut down firmly and tightly by a
spring catch or fastening thereon. The book is thus pressed between
the hinged cover and the spring bottom (the latter being thereby 1
depressed) and a copy is thereby obtained. The book is released by
opening the lid or cover. The box or case may contain a damping
brush or sponge, and the oil sheets or equivalents, and even water. used
in copying letters. It may even hold in compartments various articles
of stationery, and the lid when opened back or otherwise will serve as a 1
slope or writing desk. The box may be closed by a lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAND SIGNAL LAMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Howard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1870.
I, JAMES HOWARD, of Cromwell House, Northampton, and of Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAND SIGNAL LAMPS," to be as
follows:-
:―
My improvements consist in securing to the front of the lamp an
additional frame for containing the colored glasses, which are free to fall
down in front of the frame and indicate the required signal on the
attendant acting upon a spring catch fitted in the side of the frame.
The frame is carried up above the level of the lamp cage, and forms a
box for bolding the colored glasses when out of use. I fit thumbscrews
to the sash frames of the glasses for lifting them up within the box, and
which also serve for securing them in the up or down position if
necessary. The bottom of the additional frame is open for removing the

page_text: glasses when required. I cover the opening with a hinged flap which is
secured in place by a pin or wire. The inside of the flap is furnished
with a strip of rubber or other soft yielding material for reducing the
concussion of the glasses in their fall.. The glasses may be round,
square, or of any other shape or form..
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING LIFE FROM FIRE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Friar at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
March 1870.
I, WILLIAM FRIAR, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING LIFE FROM FIRE," to be as follows:-
I have an iron frame with cross bar to place out of the window,
having arms or stops to catch against the window frame in the inside
of the house; the arms or stops have a joint so that they will close to
the side of the frame when not in use. I have also two hooks or
grapnels to catch the noseing inside of the window cell. Outside of the
window I have two legs or trusses to which is attached crank levers, so
that when the pressure is on the frame the levers force the legs tight to
the brickwork of the front of the house. The lever is secured to the
frame and leg or truss with nuts & bolts; the leg or truss is also secured
to the frame with nut & bolt. At the end of the frame I have two
tenons to fix a pulley box, which is made of wood. At the end of the
pulley box there is a wood flange. The pulley box is mortised to fit on
the tenons of the iron frame; bolts pass through the flange tenon with nuts

page_text: to secure it. I have four pulleys in the box for rope to work in; the
rope passes through the bottom of the pulley box to a double pulley
beam. The single rope forming four ropes, one end of the four ropes is
used for descending or ascending, and the other ropes giving strength
and preventing the car from turning round. I have four ropes attached
to the pulley beam to suspend a car, the car being made as network of
rope, and has a wood rim & bottom so as to fold together. I have two
iron straps to fasten the car ropes that lead from the pulley beam. I
have also attached to the cross bar a safety slide or bed which leads to
the car, so that a person can slide in with ease and safety.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS METERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Nathan Defries at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd August 1870.
I, DANIEL NATHAN DEFRIES, of Euston Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS METERS," to.
be as follows :-
It is well known that gas meters as hitherto constructed are very
liable when exposed to damp and changes of temperature to have their
cases corroded, and to register incorrectly from the contraction or
expansion of the passing current. Many attempts have been made of
a more or less costly character to avoid these inconveniences, but no
plan has been devised suitable for general application.
I now propose to make the meter case virtually double, by forming an
internal case of metal as usual, and inclosing the same in a case of non-
conducting material. In order to effect this economically I change the
form of the metal case from that usually adopted, and make it of a
regular figure, say, rectangular or cylindrical, adapting the internal

page_text: parts and fittings to this new form in the way that will readily suggest
itself to any experienced gas meter maker, and I provide an external
case of corresponding form of wood or other non-conducting material,
and of such shape that the metal case will fit tightly therein. The
supply and discharge pipes I lead through the top or sides of this case,
and I form in the front of the case an opening corresponding in position
to the index plate to render the same accessible to the gas inspector;
this outer case I fit to the meter so that it shall form an integral part
thereof, and I thus prevent access of air or moisture to the metal casing,
and thereby effectually protect the meter from liability to corrosion, and
ensure it a near approach to an equable temperature. This meter is
moreover strengthened and less liable to injury in transit than meters of
the ordinary construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS AND LAMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th December
1870.
I, GEORGE BELL, of Dalston Rise, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CANDLESTICKS AND LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to so constructing the stem of the candle-
stick or lamp that it can be made available for holding a supply of
matches and the prepared paper or cloth on which the matches can be
ignited.
Hitherto it has been the practice to have the matches such as those
known as the safety ones which ignite upon contact with the chemically
prepared paper or cloth in a box and on which the paper or cloth is
pasted.
Now according to my Invention I form a receptacle in or on the stem
of the candlestick or lamp for holding the matches, and I form another
receptacle or flap for holding the prepared paper or cloth, the paper or
cloth may however be pasted or otherwise secured upon the stem itself
and covered with a flap or cover as desired.

page_text: In some cases the prepared paper may be arranged under the top cap
or flange of the stem, so as to protect it from oil or grease.
In other cases the chemical matter or composition may be pasted
or spread upon some part of the candlestick or lamp itself, and thus
obviate the employment of the paper or cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS, STUDS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE FASTENINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Leaker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1870.
I, THOMAS HENRY LEAKER, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BUTTONS, STUDS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in buttons, studs, and
other similar fastenings, whereby they may be rendered easily adjustable
and capable of being attached to a garment without the necessity of
sewing.
One example consists of a button head attached to a stem of sufficient
length to traverse the folds of a garment, the end of the stem being cut
with an annular recess, within which a spring catch is made to bear and
thereby form a fastening for the rear of the button or stud. The spring
catch may be formed of steel or other suitable wire in one piece bent to
suit the stem of the button; the wire is so shaped as to contain two arcs
or semicircular recesses to grip the annular recess in the stem, and thus
to secure itself by the pressure of the spring. The extremities of the

page_text: spring on each side of the recesses are formed of a dome shape on one
side, and with curved extremities on the other.
Another example consists in attaching a disc to the stem in place of
the fixed button head or stud, the spring being adjusted on the stem
within an annular recess, as before. Then the button or stud is formed
with a sunken face so as to permit of the seating of the wire spring
within its surface; this is accomplished by first sliding the button or
stud on to the stem, and then applying the fastening spring.
This latter example is more applicable for buttons to fasten parts of
garments together, as it is only necessary to make a passage through
the fabric to suit the size-of-the-stem-when-the-button can readily be
attached by passing the stem through the aperture.
The former example is more applicable as a stud, because the face of
the stud button has no recess for the reception of the spring, which is
held by the other end of the stem.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR MACHINES FOR TYPE, DESIGN, AND COLOUR PRINTING ON PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND CREASING, SCORING OR BENDING, CUTTING, AND PERFORATING THE SAME SIMUL- TANEOUSLY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Tomlinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1870.
I, EDWARD TOMLINSON, of King Henry's Walk, Ball's Pond Road,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Printer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR MACHINES
FOR TYPE, DESIGN, AND COLOUR PRINTING ON PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND
CREASING, SCORING OR BENDING, CUTTING, AND PERFORATING THE SAME SIMUL-
TANEOUSLY," to be as follows:-
The machinery in which I propose to effect the improvements that
constitute this Invention is similar in form, general arrangement, and
action to the ordinary paper hanging and calico printing machinery,
that is to say, it consists of a centre drum round which are placed a
number of printing and cutting rollers, and between which rollers and
drum the paper and other materials passes, and is printed and creased,
bent, scored, or cut as herein described.
For common type printing I use plain wooden rollers with metal type
fastened upon their peripheries, the type on each roller being so arranged

page_text: and inked with different coloured inks as to produce lines, words, or
letters in different colours but in regular order of work.
For stereo and electro typing I use metal rollers with the type or
design upon their peripheries formed by any of the known means so that
the impression is obtained upon the paper and by inking the raised
surface of the type or design as in ordinary topography. The paper or
other material to be printed enters the machine at one side in continnous
lengths, and is cut into sheets or sectional lengths by the cutters as it
leaves the machine on the opposite side. The creasers and perforators_
may be affixed to the printing rollers or to separate rollers or forms
specially provided therefor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1870.-A communication from Joseph Auguste Cesar
Brun, residing at Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Gun
Manufacturer.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
and 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," a communication to me from Joseph
Auguste Cesar Brun, a person resident at Liège, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Gun Manufacturer, to be as follows :—
This Invention communicated to me relates to certain improvements
in the striker and the cock of portative breech-loading fire-arms, so that
said striker and cock may serve as obturators to prevent any escape of
gas. For this purpose the striker consists as heretofore of a short piston,
but its middle part is increased in size, or has a larger diameter than
that of the two ends, and it works in a hollow or chamber of a cylin-

page_text: drical form, and made partly in the back part of the breech and partly
in the end of the nipple, which is screwed to the said back part so as to
allow for the location of the striker. This striker is brought back by a
straight flat or plate spring (instead of the ordinary spiral spring) whose
free end is engaged in a recess made in the projecting or large part of
the striker, and the other end is fixed by a screw to the back part of the
breech. The end of the spring engaged with the striker is wedge-shaped,
and the recess is rendered eccentric in relation to the axis of the said
striker itself so as to facilitate taking to pieces and cleaning these
pieces. At the moment of the fire the back projecting part of the
striker forms a kind of shouldering, and bears against the bottom side of
the cylindrical hollow in which this part works, and produces the
obturation. This obturation is rendered more perfect and the working
of the arm ameliorated by arranging the head of the cock instead of
bearing only on the back end of the striker, as has been hitherto the
case, to bear on the outer projection of the nipple after it has struck the
striker forwards.