IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR BAKING AND ROASTING
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JAMES BLATCH Cox of Torquay in the County of Devon House Agent do
hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR
BAKING AND ROASTING to be as follows :-
In the Specification of my Patent N° 85 dated 8th January 1879 I have
described apparatus for baking and roasting by gas or other fluid or liquid fuel.
In such apparatus the heat or products of combustion are made to ascend into
a chamber surrounding the chamber containing the articles to be baked or roasted,
to accumulate therein, and to finally escape at a low level.
Now according to this present invention I apply a similar principle of action
and of construction to ovens for .baking and roasting purposes, where such ovens
are arranged in two or more tiers above each other. I construct the inner or
baking and roasting chambers by preference of iron but they may be made of
tile or brickwork and place them one above the other leaving intermediate spaces
which form or contain flues. I place these ovens in another or outer chamber,
also by preference made of iron and which entirely surrounds the ovens except
where the oven doors are hung. This outer chamber if made of iron is covered
with suitable non-conducting material such for instance as slag wool or asbestos
and this material may if desired or required be encased in sheet iron The afore-
said outer chamber is at or near one end (which in most cases would be the front
end) provided with a bottom aperture or apertures for the entry of the heat and
products of combustion from a source of heat such as gas or oil burners. The same
outer chamber is also at the opposite end and at or near the level of the source of
heat provided with a lateral exit or exits for the products of combustion. In the
intermediate spaces between the sides of the ovens and of the outer chamber
vertical partitions or connecting walls from one oven to the other and from the
bottom oven to the floor of the outer casing are provided for the purpose of forming
flues between and under the ovens. The heat from the burners may be generally
stated to pass first through the just named flues under the bottom oven then up
the back of same, then between its top and the bottom of second oven up through
a flue or flues at or near the front, then passing back between the top of the
second and bottom of the third oven, then up the back of the latter and then
dispersing itself over the top passing slowly down the lateral intermediate spaces

page_text: or flues between the ovens and the outer chamber, and finally escaping by the
aforesaid outlet at or near the level of the source of heat, Or if the outlet is
higher up the conduit therefrom should have a dip so as to check the draught and
ensure the heat accumulating action described. In order to enable me to regulate
the heat in regard to any one of the oven, dampers are provided for directing the
heat to any desired part so that the heat for instance instead of passing under
and over all the ovens in the manner described may be diverted so as to pass.
under say the centre oven first and then under the top oven, or under the top oven
direct, all according to requirements as it is in many cases desirable to heat one
oven more than another for different kinds of work.
2

page_text: I, JAMES BLATCH Cox, of Torquay in the County of Devon House Agent do
hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR
BAKING AND ROASTING" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the Specification of my Patent No 85 dated 8th January 1879 I have
described apparatus for baking and roasting by gas or other fluid or solid fuel. In
such apparatus the heat or products of combustion are made to ascend into a
chamber surrounding the chamber containing the articles to be baked or roasted,
to accumulate therein, and to finally escape at a low level.
"
Now according to this present invention I apply a similar principle of action
and of construction to owens for baking and roasting purposes, where such ovens
are arranged in two or more tiers above each other or side by side I construct the
inner or baking and roasting chambers by preference of iron but they may be.
made of tile or brickwork and place them one above the other or they may be.
placed side by side as stated leaving intermediate spaces which form or contain
flues. I place these ovens in another or outer chamber, also by preference made of
iron and which entirely surrounds the ovens except where the oven doors are.
hung. This outer chamber if made of iron is covered with a suitable non-conducting
material such for instance as slag wool or asbestos and this material may if desired
or required be encased in sheet iron. The aforesaid outer chamber is at or near
one end provided with a bottom aperture or apertures for the entry of the heat
and products of combustion from a source of heat such as from a coke fire or from
gas or oil burners. The same outer chamber is also at some other point or points.
and at or near the level of the source of heat provided with a lateral exit or exits
for the products of combustion. In the intermediate spaces between the sides of
the ovens or baking chambers and the outer or enclosing chamber vertical partitions.
or connecting walls from one oven to the other and from the bottom oven to near
the floor of the outer casing are provided for the purpose of forming flues between
and under the ovens.
In the accompanying drawings I have as examples represented two arrangements
of baking chambers or ovens in tiers over each other.
Figure 1.is a vertical section on line M N of Figure 2 which latter is a longi-
tudinal section.
A is the outer chamber or walls composed of thin sheet iron with intermediate
or outer layer of Asbestos, Slag Wool or other nonconducting material for preventing
radiation and loss of heat. Or the walls may be made entirely of nonconducting
material.
."
B, B1, B2 and B are hot air chambers under and over the ovens or baking or
roasting chambers. CC are hot air chambers at back and sides of the ovens or
roasting chambers D, D¹ and. D³ are ovens or roasting chambers which may be
used in any number and placed either one above the other as here shown or side
by side; they are preferably oblong in shape but they may be made square or any
other shape to suit special requirements. E represents the furnace in which gas,
coke or any other fuel is burnt; F is the main flue running up along the back of

page_text: the ovens, D, D¹, and D2, and in Figure 1 shown of the same width as the flues G.
In certain situations where it is inconvenient to have the fire at the back the
furnace E and flue F may be placed at the-side. G G¹ G* and G³ are flues
conveying hot products from main flue and discharging under and over the fronts
of ovens from which they return outside of the flues G to the chamber C.
H is a flue through which the products of combustion pass away.
This may be
placed in any convenient position at sides or end and should-be at or near bottom;
one or more may be used.
K K and K2 are valves or dampers.
The action is as follows:-The hot products from the furnace E pass up through
product flue F and if the valves K K¹ K² are open as shown go directly to the top
where they enter the flue 'G³ and then disperse and gradually fill the hot air
chambers B³ B2 B₁ and B and also the chambers C finally passing away at the
outlet H. If found desirable to intensify the heat under or over any particular
oven this can be done by diverting current by means of the valves or dampers K.K
or K2. If one of these dampers for instance K is in the horizontal or closed position
as shown in dotted lines the products of combustion will as shown by the dotted
arrows pass.first by the flue G.enter the flue B and return under the bottom of the
oven D, then rising in the flue C to the top of stove and finally descending in the
flue.C.and escaping by the lateral flue H. Or the dampers may be set so that the
heat passes under or over any particular oven according to requirements as it is in
many cases desirable to heat one oven more than another for different kinds of
work.
Figure 3 is a vertical cross section through an apparatus in which the lateral hot
air chambers are omitted as is the case where the ovens D are wide.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed 'I declare that what
I claim is
•
First Arranging ovens or roasting chambers in a heat chamber or enveloping
walls which enclose them except in front or where the oven doors are hung. Hues
being formed between the ovens and at the back of same and the products.of
combustion ascending in the heat chamber from a source of heat below and as
directed by flues and dampers and finally escaping by an outlet at about the same
level, as the source of heat substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Second-The.construction of tier ovens shewn on the drawings, the course of
.the products of combustion being directed in the manner described.