IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF FURNITURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN THE THE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Holland, of the Firm of Cox, Brothers, and
Holland, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, and
Richard Budd, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Foreman of Works, for an Invention.
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF
FURNITURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN THE
THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Holland and
Richard Budd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May
1880.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the Firm of Cox, Brothers, and Holland, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, and RICHARD BUDD, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Foreman of Works. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN
PARTS OF THE FURNITURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN APPARATUS USED
IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE."
Our Invention has reference principally to the manufacture of the top notches
and runner notches of umbrellas and parasols, and in apparatus used in their
manufacture, but our Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of such other
parts of the furniture of umbrellas and parasols as are or may be produced by
casting, such for example, as the tips used in connection with whalebone ribs of
umbrellas.
We will describe our Invention in connection with the manufacture of top
notches for umbrellas.
In making the said top notches according to our Invention we employ the process
of casting, conducted as hereinafter described, by means of the apparatus herein
after described. We form by casting or otherwise a cast iron or steel mould, the
lower part of the mould containing a series of cavities or depressions having the
figure of the top notches to be cast. The mould may contain a considerable number
of these depressions; these depressions are connected together and with one or
nore "gets." The central pegs or cores in the axes of the said depressions are
formed separate from the rest of the mould, and are fitted in holes formed at the

page_text: bottoms of the depressions. The holes in which the pegs fit are cylindrical, but
the parts of the pegs fitting in the said holes are not quite cylindrical, portions of
the cylindrical surface having been filed away, so as to produce at the filed away
parts flat surfaces, The space between each flat surface of the peg and the
cylindrical hole in which the peg is fixed constitute minute passages opening on the
underside of the mould. These passages permit of the ready escape of the air
during the casting process, the air passing through the said passages as the molten
metal advances. The passages are too small for the molten metal to run through,
but by permitting of the escape of the air from the mould they cause the casting
produced to be much more perfect than casting produced in the ordinary way, and
permit of a nuch greater number of top notches being produced at one time than is
practicable by the use of moulds of the ordinary kind.
The upper part of the mould consists of a flat plate.
The application of our Invention to the manufacture of the other parts of
umbrella and parasol furniture to which it is applicable differs in no essential
respect from its application to the manufacture of the top notches of umbrellas, as
herein described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Holland and Richard Budd in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 29th October 1880.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the Firm of Cox, Brothers, and Holland, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, and RICHARD BUDD, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Foreinan of Works. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE, MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN
PARTS OF THE FURNITURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN APPARATUS USED
IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE.'
"
Our Invention has reference principally to the manufacture of the top notches
and runner notches of umbrellas and parasols, and in apparatus used in their
manufacture, but our Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of the tips
used in connection with whalebone ribs of umbrellas.
We will describe our Invention in connection with the manufacture of top notches
for umbrellas.
In making the said top notches according to our Invention we employ the process
of casting, conducted as herein after described, by means of the apparatus herein
after described. We form by casting or otherwise a cast iron or steel mould, the
lower part of the mould containing a series of cavities or depressions, having the
figure of the top notches to be cast. The mould may contain a considerable number
of these depressions; these depressions are connected together and with one or
more "gets." The central pegs or cores in the axes of the said depressions are
formed separate from the rest of the mould, and are fitted in holes formed at the
bottoms of the depressions. The holes in which the pegs fit are cylindrical, but the
parts of the pegs fitting in the said holes are not quite cylindrical, portions of the

page_text: cylindrical surface having been filed away, so as to produce at the filed away parts
flat surfaces. The space between each flat surface of the peg and the cylindrical
hole in which the peg is fixed constitute minute passages, opening on the underside
of the mould. These passages permit of the ready escape of the air during the
casting process, the air passing through the said passages as the molten metal
advances. The passages are too small for the molten metal to run through, but by
permitting of the escape of the air from the mould they cause the castings produced
to be much more perfect than castings produced in the ordinary way, and permit
of a much greater number of top notches being produced at one time than is
practicable by the use of moulds of the ordinary kind.
The upper part of the mould consists of a flat plate.
The application of our Invention to the manufacture of runner notches and the
tips of whalebone ribs differs in no essential respect from its application to the
manufacture of the top notches of umbrellas, as herein described.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing
the manner in which our Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section a metallic mould for the manufacture of
top notches according to our Invention, and Figure 2 represents an elevation of the
inner face of the lower or principal part of the mould, the top part being removed.
a is the lower part of the mould, and b is the upper part of the mould, the said
parts a, b, being made of cast iron or steel. The upper part 6 of the mould consists
of a nearly flat plate, as represented. In the lower part a a series of cavities or
depressions c, c, is made; the said cavities having the Figure of the top notches to
be made, that is, ungrooved and unnotched top notches. Below and concentric
with the said cavities c, c, are cylindrical holes d, d, opening on the underside of the
part a. The cavities c, c, are arranged in groups of three on either side of the
gets e, e, with which they are connected, and the said cavities of each group are
connected together by the shallow depressions at ff. In each of the cavities or
depressions ca separable central metallic peg or core g,g², is placed, the stems or
lower reduced parts g² of the said pegs fitting in the cylindrical holes d below the
said cavities c, as seen in Figure 1. The stems g of the pegs are not quite
cylindrical, portions of the cylindrical surface being cut or filed away at h, so as to
produce at the cut away parts flat surfaces, as best seen in the cross section of a
peg represented in Figure 1. Flattened parts at i are also cut away at the edge
of the head g of the peg, that is, at the junction of the head with the stem g², the
cut away edge parts i forming a continuation of the flattened parts at the sides
of the stems g. When the stems of the pegs are fitted in the cylindrical holes d, d,
in the mould the spaces between them and the said holes constitute minute
passages h, i, in communication with the cavities c, c, and opening on the underside
of the mould, for the escape of the air from the mould during the casting process.
The several separable pegs or cores g, g², having been fitted in the cavities c, c,
in the under part a of the mould, the top flat plate 6 of the mould is placed upon
and secured to the said part a by the screwed bolts at 1, the said top plate b covering
the tops of the cavities c, and fixing the pegs g, g², in their places in the mould.
The mould is now ready for the casting process, the said mould being supported in
an inclined position. By pouring the molten metal down the gets e, e, at their
mouths or expanded parts e, e², the said metal flows into and fills up the several
groups of cavities c, c, in the part a of the mould, thereby casting a series of
ungrooved and unnotched top notches; the air from the mould, as the molten metal
advances, readily escaping during the casting process by the minute passages h, i,
between the central pegs and the cylindrical holes in which they are fitted. The
said air passages h, i, are too small for the passage of the molten metal through
them, but by permitting of the ready escape of air from the mould they cause
sound and perfect castings to be produced in the mould.
The metal having
solidified the two parts a, b, of the mould are separated, and the cast top notches
removed from the mould and detached from the metal which has been cast in the
gets e, e.

page_text: Figure 3 represents in plan and elevation a group of three top notches cast in the
mould, Figures 1 and 2, in the manner described, the said top notches being
connected together by webs at 1, l. The said top notches being separated at the
webs 1, 1. they are turned, grooved, notched, and finished in the ordinary way.
By varying the shape of the cavities in the part a of the mould and the length
of the head part of the separable pegs or cores, different shaped notches may be
cast; Figure 4 represents a group of top notches having a somewhat different shape
from those represeuted in Figure 3.
In constructing a mould for casting runner notches or runner notch rings
according to our Invention we make in the under part a of the mould shallow
cavities or depressions of the shape of the runner notch rings to be cast, and we fit
in the cavities and in the cylindrical holes below them metal pegs or cores of the
kind described, excepting that the heads of the said pegs are of less depth than
those used in the top notch cavities, Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 5 represents in section a portion of a mould constructed for casting
runner notch rings. In the said Figure 5, b is the upper flat part of the mould,
and a is the lower part of the mould, having in its upper face groups of shallow
depressions c, c, in which the notch rings are cast; g, g, are the central metallic
pegs or cores, constructed as before described.
Figure 6 represents a group of runner notch rings cast according to our Invention,
the said rings being connected together by the webs at m, m. The cast rings are
separated, turned, grooved, and notched, and connected to the runner tubes in the
ordinary way,
Figure 7 represents in plan, and Figure 8 in elevation a runner provided with a
notch made in the way described.
By our method of manufacture, that is, by casting series of notches in metallic
moulds, a large amount of the skilled labour employed in the ordinary method of
casting notches is dispensed with, and the apparatus we employ enables us to
conduct the manufacture very efficiently, that is, to produce notches of greater
perfection than can be produced in the sand moulds ordinarily employed.
In casting the tips of whalebone ribs of umbrellas and parasols, we form in the
lower part of the mould cavities of the shape of the articles to be cast, and provide
the said cavities with central pegs or cores of the kind described and illustrated
with respect to moulds for casting top and runner notches.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our
Invention, the improvements in the manufacture of certain parts of the furniture
of umbrellas.and parasols, and in apparatus used in the said manufacture herein
before described and illustrated. in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say,
manufacturing top notches, runner notches, and whalebone rib tips for umbrellas
and parasols by a casting process conducted in the manner described, and by the
use of apparatus constructed, substantially as described and illustrated, whereby a
large number of the articles may be readily produced at the same time.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Budd, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
RICHARD BUDD. (L.S.)