CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COVERING WOOLLEN OR FIBROUS YARNS WITH AN OUTER THREAD OR YARN
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Frederick James, of Salford, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR COVERING WOOLLEN OR FIBROUS YARNS WITH AN OUTER THREAD OR
YARN."
Sealed the 24th September 1867, and dated the 8th April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederick James
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1867.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK JAMES, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COVERING WOOLLEN OR FIBROUS YARNS WITH AN OUTER THREAD OR
YARN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the covering of yarns (more particularly woollen or
worsted yarns) with other yarns or threads of cotton, silk, flax, wool, or other
fibrous materials, such outside threads being wound round the centre yarn at
any desired distance apart, so as to produce an open or close covering, and
the Invention is designed to bind the inner soft yarn together, so as to give it
strength or to ornament it with colored yarns.
The improvements consist in the use and application of two or more hollow
spindles, so secured in a framing that the middle or woollen yarn passes
through both; these spindles carry bobbins of yarn and guide wires or flyers,
and revolve in opposite directions, so that as the middle soft yarn is drawn

page_text: through the hollow spindles by a bobbin or reel the outer yarn is twisted
round it by the revolving flyers, and a diamond pattern is formed by the outer
yarns upon the inner. The distance of the diamonds apart is controlled by
the speed of the flyers and of the inner yarn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Frederick James in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
FREDERICK JAMES, of Saford, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Frederick James, Her special license that I, the said George
Frederick James, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Frederick James, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COVERING WOOLLEN OR FIBROUS YARN
WITH AN OUTER THREAD OR YARN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said George Frederick James,my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said George Frederick James, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described aud ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to the coverings of yarn (more particularly woollen
or worsted yarns) with other yarns or threads of cotton, silk, flax, wool, or other
fibrous materials, such outside threads being wound round the centre yarn at
any desired distance apart, so as to produce au open or close covering, and

page_text: the Invention is designed to bind the inner soft yarn together, so as to give
it strength, or to ornament it with colored yarns.
The improvements consist in the use and application of two or more hollow
spindles, so secured in a framing that the middle or woollen yarn and guide
wires or flyers revolve in opposite directions, so that as the middle soft
yarn is drawn through the hollow spindles by a bobbin or reel the outer yarn
is twisted round it by the revolving flyers, and a diamond pattern is formed
the outer yarns upon the inner. The distance of the diamonds apart is
controlled by the speed of the flyers and of the inner yarn.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of the same.
Fig. 1 represents an end elevation of the apparatus employed for covering
a central cotton, woollen, or other fibrous yarn or cord with outer yarns or
threads, so as to form a diamond pattern upon the same, and also for strength-
ening or consolidating the said central yarn or cord; in this view is shewn
more particularly the arrangement of gearing for effecting the regular delivery
of the central cord or yarn to be coverel, and also the arrangement of
differential speeds driving the tubes and bobbins from which the yarn or thred
is delivered, and for giving a close or open outer covering to the central
cord; Fig. 2 represents a transverse sectional view of the machine, and
Fig. 3 represents a front elevation of the same.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a, a, is the framing of the machine, to which is
secured the rails b, b, supporting the hollow spindle or tube bobbin holders
c, c'; these tubes are supplied with "wharves" d and a projecting flyer or
bent wire e, which extends somewhat beyond the flange of the bobbins f, f¹;
the ends of the flyer wire e terminates in twirls or eyelets, which form guides
for the thread when passing from the bobbins f, f', on to the central cord.
The tubes c, c', and bobbins f, f', are driven so as to revolve round the central
cord in opposite directions by means of the drums g, g¹ through the medium
of the bands h, h¹, and wharves d, d', the said drums being driven so as to
give an increased or diminished speel to the bobbins f, f, by the arrange-
ment of conical speed pulleys i, i, shewn in Fig. 1, the gearing k being
employed for driving the "reel "m, which when revolving receives and draws
at a uniform speed the central cord n from the bobbins 1, 2, which in passing
upwards from such bobbins on to the "reel" is drawn through the tubes c, c',
in the direction indicated by the arrows. On reference to the above lettered
description the action of the machine and the operation of covering the central
cord with variegated or other threads will be understood. The cord n, when
ascending from the bobbins l, from which it is drawn by the "reel" m, passes

page_text: through the hollow spindle or tube c, and then through the second tube c'; these
tubes carry the bobbins f, f, which revolve rapidly in opposite directions round
the central cord by means of the speeds and intermediate driving apparatus
berein-before described; these bobbins, when revolving, deliver their yaru or
thread through the guides or twirls in the flyer e on to the central yarn or
cord n, which produces upon such cord, according to the speed at which the
bobbins revolve, a fine or coarse diamond pattern, which ornaments and
strengthens such cord, in which state it is delivered on to the reel, from
whence it is finally taken in banks.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, I wish it to be
understood that I claim the novel construction of apparatus employed for
twisting two or more yarns round a central woollen or other soft yarn by the
use of spindles, bobbins, and flyers rotating in opposite directions, for the
purpose of ornamenting and consolidating such central yarn, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Frederick James, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
GEORGE FREDERICK JAMES. (L.S.)
Witnessed by
JNO. HUGHES,
Clerk to Jno. Davies & Son,
Office for Patents,
Manchester.