IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM GENERATORS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING, DRYING, EVAPORATING, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marc Antoine François Mennons, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
STEAM GENERATORS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING, DRYING, EVAPORATING, AND
OTHER PURPOSES."-A communication from Julien Fradet, residing at
Paris.
Sealed the 30th July 1861, and dated the 11th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Marc Antoine François
Mennons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th February 1861.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF STEAM GENERATORS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING, DRYING, EVAPORATING,
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the application, as hereafter described, of
serpentine tubing to the steam generators employed for heating, drying,
evaporating, and other purposes. In taking as example the apparatus by
which steam is supplied in the different processes of sugar manufacture, a
number, (say, two, three, or more,) of iron tubes bent in a serpentine form
Price Sd1

page_text: are passed into the generator, and are there secured by brackets or other
convenient support in such a position as to expose the largest possible amount
of surface to the action of the steam and hot water. As a general rule, this
serpentine should be placed in the length of the boiler from one end to the
other, but this arrangement may be varied according to the form and general
distribution of the apparatus. The free extremities of each tube are carried
through the sides of the generator at any desired point, and are connected
with branch pipes leading to the different chambers or recipients of the
manufactory to which the steam is to be supplied in passing by the ordinary
intermediate reservoirs. The steam produced in the generator arranged as
above, is first carried by the common delivery pipe and its branches to
these chambers or recipients, from whence under the continued pressure it
passes to the serpentine, in which it recovers its lost heat, and pursuing its
course is again distributed to the various points at which its action is re-
quired. In this way a continuous circulation is maintained between the
generator and the different series of apparatus with which it communicates,
so that the steam is economised to its fullest extent.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Marc Antoine François Mennons in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARC
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Marc Antoine François Mennous, Her special licence that I, the said
Marc Antoine François Mennons, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
GENERATORS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING, DRYING, EVAPORATING, AND OTHER PURPOSES,"

page_text: (a communication from Julien Fradet, a person resident at Paris,) upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Figures of the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say: -
These improvements consist in the application, as hereafter described, of
serpentine tubing to the steam generators employed for heating, drying,
evaporating and other purposes. In taking as example the apparatus by
which steam supplied in the different processes of sugar manufacture, a
number (say, two, three, or moro) of iron tubes bent in a serpentine form,
are passed into the generator, and are there secured by brackets or other con-
venient support in such a position as to expose the largest possible amount of
surface to the action of the steam and hot water. As a general rule this
serpentine should be placed in the length of the boiler from one end to the
other, but this arrangement may be varied according to the form and distribu-
tion of the apparatus. The free extremities of each tube are carried through
the sides of the generator at any desired point, and are connected with branch
pipes leading to the different chambers or recipients of the manufactory to
which the steam is to be supplied in passing by the ordinary intermediate
reservoirs, if required. The steam produced in the generator arranged as
above is first carried by the common delivery pipe and its branches to these
chambers or recipients, from whence, under the continued pressure, it passes
to the serpentine, in which it recovers its lost heat, and pursuing its course is
aguiu distributed to the different points at which its action is required. In
this way a continuous circulation is maintained between the generator and the
different series of apparatus with which it communicates, so that the steam is
economised to its fullest extent.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a longitudinal section of the
generator with its furnace; Figure 2isalongitudinal plan of the same through
the line A, B, Fig. 1, and C, D, E, F, Fig. 3; Figure 5 is an end view of
the same through the line G, H, Fig. 2; Figure 4 is an end view through the

page_text: line I, J, Fig. 2; Figure 5 represents a modification of the same in which the
heating surfaces are multiplied. In all these Figures similar parts of the
apparatus are indicated by the same letters of reference.
, a, is an ordinary steam generator; b, b, the boiler tubes (" bouilleurs");
c, c, furnace grate; d, fire-bridge; e, e, conduits giving passage to the cinders,
which, carried by the draught into the space x, x, fall by the openings e, e',e
into the chamber z below the furnace; f, mau-hole; g.g,g, serpentine formed
of iron tubes secured within the generator by rod brackets, as in h, h, Fig. 4,
or by any other convenient setting; i, i, i, represent the outlet orifices of the
serpentine tubes; 1,j.j, inlet orifices for the return steam; k, k, Figs. 2, 5,
furnace register.
The steam produced in the generator thus arranged is thrown, as already
described, into conduits branching off to the different chambers or recipients
of the establishment (boiling, defecating, drying, evaporating apparatus, &c.,
&c.,) in passing, if necessary, by intermediate reservoirs. On escaping from
each capacity the steam is carried back by a second range of conduits, and
entering the serpentine by one of the orificesj,j,j, follows the convolutions of
the tubings, till having reached the corresponding outlet orifice in i, it again
passes from the generator to another point of the building. The continuous
circulation of steam thus established is maintained by the pressure of the
generator so long as may be required.
Figure 5 represents a modification introduced into the construction of the
apparatus above described with a view to multiply the heating surfaces in
economising the waste heat of the furnace. In this arrangement a super-
heating apparatus L, composed of serpentine tubes m, m, is set behind the
register in such a position as to be exposed to the flame of the furnace.
The steam distributed in the manner above described to the different points of
the manufactory, is led on its return through this auxiliary apparatus, and
being there superheated passes ou to the serpentine mounted within the
generator, so that loss from condensation is entirely avoided.
Having now described the nature of the said improvements, and the manner
of carrying them into effect, I would observe that I do not confine myself
to the precise details of construction and arrangement above laid down, as
these may obviously be modified without deviating from the principles or
characteristic features of the Invention; but what I claim is,―
Istly, the application to the steam generators employed for heating, drying,
evaporating, and other purposes, of serpentine tubes distributed either longi-
tudinally, vertically, or at any desired angle, and in any required number, with
a view to obtain a continuous circulation of the same steam between the

page_text: generator and the different points of the building in which its action is required,
substantially as above described and represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, of the
accompanying Drawing.
2dly, the application to such generators of an auxiliary serpentine or super-
heating apparatus so arranged as to be constantly exposed to the flame of the
furnace, substantially as above described and represented in Figure 5 of the
accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Third day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
M. F. MENNONS. (L.S.)