IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS, IN TRAPS AND VALVES, AND IN PUMPS
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSIAN
GEORGE JENNINGS, of Great Charlotte Street, Blackfriars Road, Brass Founder,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by.
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-third,
day of August, One thousand and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,,
the said Josiah George Jennings, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said.
Josiah George Jennings, my exors, aduiors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Josiah George Jennings, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times.
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS, IN TRAPS
AND VALVES, AND IN PUMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Josiah George Jennings, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
per-
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Josiah George Jennings, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-

page_text: tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
that is to cov
to the Drawings hereunto a
thereen; that i
My Invention consists,-
First, in improvements in water closets.
Secondly, in improvements in valves for the passage of fluids, &c.
Thirdly, in improvements in traps for preventing the escape of impure
vapours from drains, &c.
Fourthly, in improvements in pumps.
Figure 1 shows a section of a water closet, constructed according to the
first part of my Invention, in which the basin and trap are combined in one
piece, and is so formed that the basin is made to contain a quantity of water
at a, independant of the water constituting the water joint or trap, which mode
of obtaining a surface of water in the basin of a water closet constitutes my
first improvement. The escape 6 may be at the side, back, or front of the
basin, and the basin may be of any shape that will hold a quantity of water at
its bottom separate from that which constitutes the trap. The basin may be
formed independent of the trap, if preferred.
Figure 2 shews a section of a valve, formed according to the second part
of my Invention, which is so constructed as to be opened from the under side
of the reservoir or cistern without the usual ball, lever, or wires. It also con-
stitutes a connection to the cistern or other reservoir, by being secured by a
nut inside the cistern or reservoir. The lever which actuates it is rendered
water-tight by attaching one end of a piece of india rubber tube to a boss a
on the lever, and the other end to a boss 6 on the cylinder of the valve.
Figure 3 represents another valve, which differs from Figure 2 only by its
having a waste pipe C connected therewith, as shewn.
Figure 4 shews a similar valve in connection with a cistern, so arranged
as to control the supply of water at one action of the lever or other instru-
ment employed for such purpose. At the upper part of the valve a fork is
formed, in which the lever of a ball-cock rests in such manner that the open-
ing of the valve sustain the ball, and prevent the further supply from the main
or service or cistern, until the shutting of the valve takes place, when the
small cistern e will commence filling by the downward action of the ball,
which, as the water rises in the cistern, the ball also rises and shuts off the
supply.
Figure 5 shows a vertical section, and Figure 6 shows a horizontal section
through the line 1, 1, in Figure 5; and Figure 7 shews separate parts of a

page_text: the
valve suitably constructed for supplying water in case of fire, and for other;
purposes. f is a bayonet joint on which to fix the hose or pipe. g is a hollow
metal slide, having openings 9', 9', 9, 9', formed therein, through which the.
water passes on the opening of the valve. At the bottom of the slide gis
valve h, having a recess formed therein to receive a washer of india rubber,
as shewn, which, by coming in contact with the metal ring i, i, shuts off the
supply: On the under side of the valve h a support of india rubber is placed,.
the upper part of which is held between the flanches of the cylinder and its.
cover, the lower portion passing under the valve to sustain it, such piece of
india rubber being provided with holes or passages for the water.. The valve
is opened by pressure downwards on the slide g, the elasticity of the india
rubber yielding to the pressure, and rises the valve on the removal thereof..
Figure 8 shows a section of an improved sluice valve, properly constructed,
for the passage of steam, gas, water, or other fluids. The body of the valve j
is cast in one piece, having faucet or flanched ends. The faces k, k, against
which the slide i works; are accurately fitted and ground to the slide i, which
is then inserted in the body of the valve j, the faces k, k, are then fitted to the
slide through the ends j, j, of the valve j, and are then secured by metal or
metallic cement.
Figure 9 shews a section of a trap, formed according to the third part of my
Invention, and consists in reversing the trap now known as the bell trap. a is.
the exterior or outer casing of the trap, and 6 is a cup fixed in the centre of a.
c is a taper pipe, the small end of which dips into the water contained in
the cup 6, and forms the trap. d. is a grating, which may be fixed or
otherwise.
Figure 10 shows a section of a pump, arranged according to the fourth part
of my Invention, by means of which I am enabled to avoid the necessity of
employing the arm or branch used in ordinary force or lift pumps, as well as
the stuffing box. a is the cylinder in which the bucket works. 6 is an upper
cylinder, having the part c attached thereto, to which is connected the pin or
fulcrum for the lever or handle to vibrate upon. d is a tube of india rubber,
having a flanged end, which is secured between the flanges b and c, through
which the lever or handle passes. The other end of the tube is secured to the
handle e, which prevents the escape of water in that direction, and thus I am
enabled to raise fluids perpendicularly without the usual branch or stuffing
box before referred to.
Another improvement in the formation of pumps consists as follows: -I'
take a brass tube of any given dimensions, charge it with sand; this brass
tube I coat externally with a non-conducting material, and having made my

page_text: impression of a pump in the sand, I lay in the brass lining and core, and then
run the inferior metal round the same. The castings, when clear of the sand,
requires neither turning or boring; the tube being perfectly smooth is fit for
use.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the details herein given, so long as the peculiarity of any part of my Invention
be retained. But what I claim as my Invention is,
First, the improvements in water closets, described in respect of Figure 1.
Secondly, I claim the improvements in the construction of valves, shewn and
described in respect of Figures 2, 3, 4; also the arrangement for controlling
the supply of water when the valve is acted upon, also shewn in Figure 4;
also the arrangement shewn and described in respect of Figures 5, 6, and 7;
also the means of introducing and fixing the faces k, k, as herein described
and shewn at Figure 8.
Thirdly, I claim the improvements in traps for preventing the escape of
impure vapors, as shewn and described in respect to Figure 9.
Fourthly, I claim the improvements, berein described and set forth in respect
to Figure 10, of employing an india rubber tube, strengthened with canvas or
other suitable material, to effect a water-tight joint; also the improvements
described of lining with brass tubes pumps composed of other metals.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah George Jennings, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.