AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO THE SELVAGES OF LACES AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Tawell, of Aldermanbury, in the City of
London, Lace Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
OR ADDITION TO THE SELVAGES OF LACES AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Tawell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1861.
I, SAMUEL TAWELL, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London, Lace Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN OR ADDITION TO THE SELVAGES OF LACES AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS," to
be as follows:-
Laces, edgings, quillings, and flouncings as heretofore made have required
the insertion of a thread called a "whipping thread" (which is whipped or
sewn over or through the selvage by hand), for the purpose of drawing the
lace or other article to produce fulness. The present improvement has for its
object to supersede the subsequent operation of hand whipping, and consists in
the introduction of a whipping thread by the machinery in the process of
manufacture, either by passing the thread spirally round, or backward and
forward through the holes of the selvage. The fabric thus made may be used
plain, or may have any required fulness given to it by drawing and securing
the whipping thread.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Tawell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th January 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
TAWELL, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London, Lace Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Tawell, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Tawell, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Tawell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter_during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION
TO THE SELVAGES OF LACES AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Tawell, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Tawell, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
All laces, edgings, quillings, and flouncings, as heretofore made, have
required the insertion of a thread called a "whipping thread" (which is
whipped or sewn over or through the selvage by hand), for the purpose of
drawing the lace or other article to produce fulness. The present improve-
ment has for its object to supersede the subsequent operation of hand whipping,
and consists in the introduction of a whipping thread by the machinery in the
process of manufacture, either by passing the thread spirally round, or back-
ward and forward through the holes of the selvage. The fabric thus made
may be used plain, or may have any required fulness given to it by drawing
and securing the whipping thread.

page_text: In carrying out this improvement, the whipping thread may be either a
bobbin or a warp thread. It is preferred, however, to use a bobbin thread.
As is well known in making lace in breadths on any machine, a back selvage
thread is generally used; the whipping bobbin thread, therefore, should be put
into the machine next to the back selvage thread. Supposing the back
selvage thread to be twisting with its own bobbin thread, then, once every one
or more holes, according to the length of stitch required, it should rise or fall
as the case may be, over the whipping bobbin thread, and then fall or rise
back again, and twist with its own bobbin thread again. The whipping thread
not being operated upon by any other thread will remain loose, so as to allow
of the lace (or other fabric) being gathered up as may be required.
I am aware that there is no novelty in the mode described of twisting
threads together, and that various other modes of laying in the whipping
thread may be used, and I do not confine myself to that, or any other par-
ticular mode of carrying out my Invention; what I claim as new and
constituting my Invention of an improvement in selvages of laces, edgings,
quillings, flouncings, and other woven fabrics is, the introduction of a whipping
thread by machinery in the process of manufacture, so as that any required
fulness may be readily given to the lace or other fabric by drawing up the
whipping thread so introduced for that purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Tawell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
5 Witness,
W. BADDELEY,
Patent Agent,
SAMUEL TAWELL. (L.S.)
13, Angell Terrace, Islington.