Improvements in and relating to Combined Nut and Pipe Wrenches.
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Combined Nut and Pipe
Wrenches.
I, DANIEL HOVEY CARPENTER, a citizen of the United States of America,
residing at Orlando, in the County of Orange and State of Florida, one of the
United States of America, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a wrench equally applicable upon nuts
and pipes, and which is capable of being moved to get a fresh hold upon the object.
being acted upon, without removing the wrench from such object.
The invention consists broadly in a wrench having one jaw, and preferably its
fixed upper jaw, constructed with one or more transverse notches or grooves which
have salient edges to bite or engage a surface of an object to be acted upon,
combined with a rest which may be either fixed or movable and which has its
grasping surface eccentric with relation to the other jaw, so that an angular object
placed between the jaw and the rest will be engaged by them on its sides rather than
by its angles or corners.
Another feature of the invention is providing one jaw, preferably the lower, with
an adjustable or yielding eccentric so as to adapt the wrench for use on pipes and
other round objects.
Figure 1 shows the wrench in partial longitudinal section arranged for use
on nuts.
Figure 2 shows it in elevation arranged for use on pipes and other round
objects, and
Figure 3 shows in elevation a machine wrench, so-called, constructed in accordance
with the principle of my invention.
While I
The bar, a, is by preference made of bar steel, and one end, 7, is screw-threaded
or otherwise adapted to receive a handle, (not shown). This bar terminates at its
other end in a hook or jaw, c, of substantially the curvature shown, and which may
be produced by forging or other metal working process. One or more transverse
notches or grooves, d, are formed in the outer end of the hook or jaw, c.
do not limit my invention to any size, number, or proportions of the notches or
grooves, still I prefer a single, semi-circular groove of considerable depth and
sufficient to receive within itself the angle or corner of a nut and have its salient
edge or edges, d', d², bite or engage the sides of the nut at a considerable distance
from the angle or corner so as not to wear off the corners or angles, and so as to
slip past the corner or angle as the wrench is rotated to get a fresh hold on the nut.
The front edge of the bar is provided with a toothed rack, e.
The rest for the nut may be a movable jaw or a fixed jaw. I have shown both
forms and will describe them in order.
The bar, a, is straddled by a yoke, f, adapted to be moved freely on the bar and
longitudinally thereof. A movable jaw, g, is secured in this yoke upon a pivot, h,
and in such manner that its active or grasping surface is eccentric with relation to
the jaw, c.
The active or grasping surface, i, of the jaw, g, is curved and roughened
or serrated, the more firmly to take hold of an object placed between it and the
jaw, although said jaw, y, may have a smooth surface, as seen in Figure 3. The
lower portion of the jaw, g, is made with a segmental toothed portion, j, to engage
the teeth of the rack, e. A spring, k, is secured to a block, l, in the yoke, /, and its
free end bears against the outer side of the jaw, g, and tends always to force it
toward the bar, a, and hence to keep the teeth of the jaw, 7, in engagement with the
rack, e.
This spring also effects a cant of the yoke. leaving its lower end projecting

page_text: from the bar, and hence when said lower end of the yoke is moved toward the bar
it separates the toothed segment from the toothed rack and permits the movement
along the bar of the said yoke and its contained jaw, and thereby admits of the
adjustment of the lower jaw toward and from the upper jaw to receive objects of
different width. When pressure upon the lower end of the yoke is removed, the
spring forces the toothed segment into engagement with the rack, and thus the
lower jaw is in condition to bear any load put upon it. Of course the lower jaw
slips freely from the rack as it is moved upwardly and has to be disengaged from
the rack as described only when the jaw is moved downwardly.
is
In acting upon an angular object, such as a nut, as shown in Figure 1, the notch
is laid over the corner or angle, and one or both of its salient edges engage the flat
sides of the same, while an opposite side of the object rests upon the jaw, g, which
lies against the bar. In engaging round objects, as seen in Figure 2, the jaw, g,
drawn away at its upper free end from the bar so as to give it a yielding action.
In either case, after the object is grasped and turned as far as space permits, the
wrench may be rotated backwardly, the jaws slipping over the object without
removing the wrench from the object, and then a fresh hold on the object is gained,
immediately the wrench is moved forward again.
The machine wrench, Figure 3, is struck up from flat plate metal or cast in one
piece, and its jaw, e, is made with a number of notches so as to be applicable to a
number of different sizes of nuts. Its rest, m, is fixed. This wrench also
serves to get a fresh hold on the nut by reversing the movement without removing
the wrench.
These two forms of my invention will serve to illustrate it, but I do not wish to
be understood as confining myself to the exact construction shown, as obviously, the
invention is capable of many modifications.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
-
1. A wrench having a jaw provided with one or more transverse notches or
grooves, and a fixed or a movable rest or jaw whose active or grasping surface is
eccentric relatively to the first named jaw, and between which jaws the object to be
acted upon is grasped, as set forth.
2. A wrench having a fixed jaw provided with one or more transverse notches or
grooves, and an opposed movable or fixed rest having in it an adjustable or yielding
eccentric, as set forth.
3. A wrench having a fixed jaw provided with one or more transverse notches or
grooves, and an opposed jaw carried by a yoke and provided with teeth to engage
teeth on the wrench bar, as set forth.
Dated this 10th day of February 1891.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.