matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Basevi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1878.
CHARLES EDWARD BASEVI, of 60, Finborough Road, West Brompton, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
According to this Invention I form each cell of a battery of a jar or vessel of
glass, earthenware, or other suitable material, closed at the top by a cork or other-
wise. Through this cork or other cover is passed a block of gas carbon, either
platinised or not as desired, and also a rod or plate of zinc, the zinc and carbon
being carefully insulated from each other. The object of the cork or other cover is
to prevent to a very considerable degree the free escape of hydrogen gas which is
given off when the cell is in action. By this means I obtain a battery which is
remarkably constant in its action.
Any carbon which is a good conductor of electricity, and which will also absorb
gases, will do for the negative element of this battery as well as gas carbon,
platinum, sponge platinum, platinised platinum; or platinised silver might also be
used in the same way.
The excitant used with this battery cell may be dilute sulphuric acid, or other
excitant, such as hydrochloric acid, sal ammoniac, or common salt might also be used
according to the purpose for which it is intended to use the cell.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CHAIRS AND JOINTS OF THE RAILS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidor Fürstenhagen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1878.
" IMPROVE-
ISIDOR FÜRSTENHAGEN, Agent, of Bradford, in the County of York.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CHAIRS AND JOINTS OF THE RAILS."
My Invention relates to more firmly securing the chairs on railway sleepers and
securing the joints of the rails in an easy and inexpensive manner.
For this purpose I construct the chairs with flanges cast on the sole plates; the
flanges of each chair fit crossways of the sleeper and the chair is firmly secured to
the sleeper by one or two strong wrought iron bolts passed through the flanges and
the sleeper, the bolt or bolts is or are prevented working out of position or working
out under the iufluence of jarring to which they are subjected by nuts screwed
over the ends of the bolts, and screwing against the face of the flange or a slot hole
may be made in the end of the bolt and a key or wedge secured therein; some of
the chairs have also bosses cast on the sole plates, in which are driven the usual iron
pins or spokes; should the sleeper in the part wherein the chair is to be fixed be
wider than the space between the flanges the sleeper is cut away to suit the flanges,
and if the sleeper is not quite wide enough wood wedges are fitted between the
sleeper and the flanges; the part of the chair to receive the rail is made in the usual
manner.
To secure the joints of the rails I cut in the ends of the rail longitudinal holes
open at the ends; these holes are slipped or forced in a chair, having the top part
curved to suit the shape of the rail; the cut away part fits over a strong cast iron
block connected or cast between the sides of the chairs; the block fits in the opening
of the rail, and is made of sufficient length to receive the next rail to form the line
of rails; the chairs are also made with flanges and fitted with one or two strong
bolts and pins, or spokes can be employed.

page_text: Some of the joint chairs are made with loose blocks to enable taking up at a
suitable distance a rail to remove the others; the blocks are made by preference
of wrought iron and slide or fit in openings made in bosses cast on the sides of the
chairs; the moveable block is made with a head and is secured in position by
wedges or keys passed through the plate of block.
A NEW ARRANGEMENT AND APPLIANCE FOR SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franklin Tocher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1878.
FRANKLIN TOCHER, of Rye Lane, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Hatter.
A NEW ARRANGEMENT AND APPLIANCE FOR SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING."
The object of this Invention is to make such an applicance that in any imme-
diate cause of danger by drowning, caused by collision, shipwreck, or other cause,
a ready means of escape from such fate is at hand.
The essential feature of the Invention consists in its simplicity, economy, and its
undoubted effacacy.
This appliance is made somewhat in the shape of a bag, and constructed of
elastic waterproofing or other similar material to be applied to the under and top
parts of the brim of a hat. The elastic or other expanding material is sewn in
gathers to a band, so that in using it is stretched over the brim of the hat, and the
band will fit tightly over the top of the brim, close to the body. The interior of
the hat becomes air-tight, and its buoyancy is such that it will support the weight
of two human bodies; and any persons suddenly obliged to take to the water are
floated for an indefinite time by the buoyancy of the air confined in the hat, and
the only exertion required is simply holding the brim of the hat.
The appliance can be carried inside the hat or in the pocket; but a moment is
required to bring my Invention into use by simply pulling or stretching the elastic
appliance over the brim of the hat.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN DRY ASH OR EARTH CLOSETS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ward Jameson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1878.
JOHN WARD JAMESON, of Hexham, in the County of Northumberland. "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN DRY ASH OR EARTH CLOSETS."
My Invention of improvements in self-acting dry ash or earth closets relates to
the means of controlling the discharge of the deodorizing material from the hopper
or reservoir, and to the mechanisin for operating the shoot or bucket which receives
a certain quantity of deodorizing material from the hopper and delivers it upon the
excreta. This shoot is hung on horizontal side pivots, on which it is oscillated by
the rise and fall of the closet seat, as hereafter described. The shoot pivots are
towards the rear end of the shoot, which is closed and curved to the segment of a
cylinder whose axis coincides with the shoot pivots, and fits close against the cor-
responding curved end of the neck or mouth of the hopper, so that when in a
certain position, that is to say, hanging down vertically, the mouth of the hopper
is closed, and the supply of deodorant cut off; but immediately the shoot is by the
depression of the closet seat oscillated and raised to a horizontal position, a certain
quantity of the deodorant is admitted to the shoot in readiness to be discharged on
to the excreta immediately the shoot is allowed by the rising of the seat to fall
again and cut off the supply of deodorant.
The shoot may be weighted, if necessary, to cause it to fall suddenly and dischargo
the whole of its contents at once.
The closet seat is made to rise and fall on horizontal pivots, and acts on a lever
beneath it, carrying a rack which gears with a pinion on the axis of the shoot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Richter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1878.
GEORGE FREDERICK RICHTER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Draftsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS."
My Invention consists in an arrangement whereby I am enabled automatically
to admit lubricating material to steam engine cylinders and other moving parts:
For this purpose I employ a reservoir for the lubricating material, the lower part
thereof being formed with a hollow boss provided with a perforation or perforations,
and within this, boss is a solid plug formed with a cavity or cavities. The said
plug is caused to revolve by any suitable means, and as it does so a cavity takes up .
a certain quantity of the lubricant, and having conveyed it onward delivers to an
exterior passage, which leads to a chamber connected to the cylinder or other part
to be lubricated.
I propose to make the aforesaid cavities larger than would be necessary for a
given quantity to be delivered at a time, whereby capillary attraction is compensated
for.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SCREENING AND CLEANING OF SOLID SUBSTANCES IN LUMPS OR WHEN BROKEN INTO PIECES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spedding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1878.
WILLIAM SPEDDING, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, Colliery Manager.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SCREENING AND CLEANING OF SOLID SUBSTANCES
IN LUMPS OR WHEN BROKEN INTO PIECES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED
THEREFOR."
The Invention relates to improvements in the mode of screening and cleaning of
all solid substances, as coal or the like.
By the use of these improvements solid substances when in lumps or broken are
more easily sorted, selected, or separated into large and small pieces, and dust or
minute particles, the pieces are more easily cleaned, there is less breakage of the
pieces into still smaller pieces, and consequently less waste, and there is less
height in head gearing requisite in elevating such substances for delivery and
removal.
The construction of my screener and cleaner consists of a series of parallel bars or
plates affixed crosswise to two or more continuous chains or belts, made to travel
horizontally by means of revolving cylinders or wheels.
The bars may be flat, or convex, or angular, and are placed at regular distances
apart so as to allow of refuse, dust, minute particles, and small pieces passing
between them into a hopper or shoot placed underneath, and from thence on to a
sieve or screen through which the refuse, dust, and minute particles pass into a
receptacle, the small pieces being delivered over the end of such sieve or screen into
another receptacle placed for the purpose. At the point of reception there is an
ordinary shoot through which the unscreened and uncleaned substances pass on to
the bars or plates, affixed to the travelling chains or belts. And at the point of
delivery there is an ordinary shoot through which the larger pieces pass into a
receptacle.
As the substances are carried along on the bars or plates affixed to the travelling
chains or belts, useless and waste pieces can be sorted and removed therefrom,

page_text: leaving only the larger and better pieces, or such as are pure and saleable, to be
collected and delivered.
To prevent the substances from falling off the sides of the chains or belts, such
sides may be protected by boards or plates slightly elevated above the bars or
plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATI FOR ATMOSPHERIC PURIFICATION
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawrence at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1878.
WILLIAM LAWRENCE, of the City of London and County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATI FOR ATMOSPHERIC PURIFICATION."
My Invention comprises the use of a chamber or chambers containing a store or
constant supply of one or more substances of a volatile nature, or of matter readily
held in suspension, with the object of inhaling it, or diffusing the same in the
atmosphere for antiseptic reasons, or otherwise.
One form of apparatus may consist of a canister or receptacle containing any
suitable vehicle of sufficient evaporative surface steeped in tar, the said canister
being provided with suitable inlet and outlet pipes furnished with regulators, if
required, and fans, bellows, or other equivalents, by means of which air may be
driven into, over, and through the canister into rooms, places, or elsewhere.
I also purpose using sometimes a nest or set of different chambers isolated from
one another, but all of which may communicate with the same inlets or outlets, so
that the action of this compound apparatus may afford all the advantages of several
simple ones.
Advantage may be taken of any convenient method of disseminating the pro-
perties of the substances used.
The apparati may be used in conjunction with ventilators of the ordinary kind,
either for purification or dissemination, and they may be made of any material
suitable for the purpose.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING AND WIPING THE JOURNALS OF REVOLVING AXLES OR SHAFTS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE to the JOURNALS OF AXLES OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arvid Henry Elliott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1878. A communication
from abroad by Charles Harris, of the City of New York, in the United States
of America.
"A
ARVID HENRY ELLIOTT, of New York, in the United States of America, and
at present temporarily of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gentleman.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING AND WIPING THE JOURNALS OF
REVOLVING AXLES OR SHAFTS, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE to the JOURNALS OF AXLES
OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES." A communication from abroad by Charles Harris, of the
City of New York, in the United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for lubricating and wiping the
journals of revolving axles or shafts, and is specially applicable to the journals of
railway carriages, tram cars, and other vehicles having revolving axles.
This apparatus is placed in the well of an axle or journal box, wherein is the
lubricating matter, and it consists of two frames, flaps, or wings hinged together in
such manner that they exert a jaw-like action upon the journal which lies between
them. These frames or flaps from below their hinged joints terminate in outwardly
curved legs, which rest upon friction rollers. These rollers travel upon the bottom
of the axle box, but within an open skeleton frame, which rests upon the bottom of
the axle box, and which serves to guide the travel of the rollers.
The legs of the apparatus always tending to separate, the frames or flaps being
so balanced as to cause them to do so, and consequently to close or bring a bearing
of the flaps to the journal, it follows that they are constantly but gently pressing
the under sides thereof, and the rollers act to make the whole apparatus self-
adjustable, to whatever motion is made by the vehicle, and to always keep the full
bearing surface of the frames or flaps in contact with the journal. These frames or
flaps are covered upon their inner faces, with some suitable material capable of
capillary attraction, but preferably felt, and which extends beneath the flaps and
lies upon the bottom of the axle box, thereby being constantly in the lubricating

page_text: matter. These felt-covered flaps are made of sufficient length to lubricate and wipo
the journal for its entire length of bearing within the box.
A sheet or layer of felt or other suitable material having an orifice to permit the
passage of the journal is placed within and at the back end of the axle box for the
purpose of helping to retain the lubricating matter within the well thereof.
The annexed Drawing shews the apparatus in perspective view.
A, A, are the
frames or flaps; B, the legs; C, the rollers; D, the layers of felt; E, the frame in
which the apparatus travels; and Z, the journal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BASSINETTES AND BEDSTEADS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lea Coplovna at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1878.
LEA COPLOVNA, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Spinster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BASSINETTES AND BEDSTEADS."
This Invention relates to improvements in folding bassinettes, the object of the
improvements being simplicity, lightness, and economy of construction and por-
tability, as the bassinette with its stand complete can be easily folded up so as to
occupy but little space. The improvements are also applicable to bedsteads for
adults.
My improved basinette is constructed of a metal frame of oval or other suitable
shape, jointed in the middle, so that the two halves can fold together; also of a
similarly shaped frame of cane, also formed in two parts. Over the cane frame is
stitched or sewn a piece of ticking or other suitable material, which forms the
bottom of the basinette, the sides or body of the basinette being also formed of
ticking or other suitable material extending from one frame to the other, and con-
necting them together.
A suitable number of eyes or rings (generally four) are formed on the upper or
metal frame for attaching the bassinette to the stand herein-after described, and a
half hoop is hinged to the frame to form the hood.
The stand of the bassinette is constructed of two metal standards, with casters or
feet and a centre rail, the three parts being connected together by hooks and eyes,
or the standards may be hinged to the centre rail.
On the upper end of each standard is hinged or jointed a rod or bar with a
vertical support at each end provided with a hook or swivel. When these arms are
turned up into a vertical position the said four eyes on the metal frame of the
bassinette are placed over or into the said hooks or swivels, and the bassinette will
be supported in the stand.
To fold up the article the bassinette is detached from its stand, and the two frames.
folded together; the arms of the stand are turned down, and the three parts of the
stand being detached or folded the whole can be packed into a very small space,
and form a compact parcel.

page_text: Bedsteads may be constructed in a similar manner to that herein-before described
for bassinettes.
A further advantage of my improvements is that the material forming the sides
and bottom of the bassinette or bedstead can be easily removed from the frames for
washing and cleaning, and afterwards be as easily replaced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Shaw Gent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1878.
JOSEPH SHAW GENT, of the Firm of Kendall and Gent, of the City of Man-
GAS
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BURNERS."
My Invention has for its object improvements in gas burners.
My improved gas burners are designed to automatically regulate the issue of gas
from their orifices and to obviate corrosion.
For these purposes I construct the burner as follows:-' -The case, which is tubular
and of brass, is formed with an internal shoulder, above which is a small cap or
gas holder able to move freely lengthwise of the case, and of such size as to leave
an annular space for the passage of gas between the interior surface of the case and
the said cap or holder. Above the cap or holder is a ring of curved cross section
forming a seat, against which the top of the cap or holder may bear as a valve.
The tip, in which are the exit holes for the gas, is at its under part of tapering
form, terminating with a shank, which serves as a stop for the cap or gas holder,
and also to heat the gas, so that its combustion may be more perfect, thereby
improving the illuminating power.
My improved tips as described may also be used in burners differing in other
respects from that I have herein-above described.
PROVEMENTS IN ENEMA SYRINGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Banks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878.
JOHN BANKS, of Nos. 7 to 12, Aldersgate Street, in the City of London.
PROVEMENTS IN ENEMA SYRINGES."
"IM-
Heretofore enema syringes, known as Higginson's enema syringes, have been
formed of a flexible barrel or ball of vulcanized india-rubber with short tubes pro-
jecting from its two opposite ends, to which are attached metallic fittings, one
carrying an inlet valve, and the other an outlet valve. To the fitting which
carried the inlet valve has also been coupled a flexible suction tube, and to the
other fitting another flexible tube, carrying at its end a delivery pipe or nozzle.
According to this Invention I form the flexible barrel or ball in one piece with
the suction and delivery tubes. The inlet valve may be contained in a tube, to
which the end of the suction pipe may be connected. The outlet valve may be
carried by the delivery pipe or nozzle, to which the end of the other pipe is con-
nected; or the inlet and outlet valves may be carried in small tubes, which can be
inserted into and held in the interior of the flexible pipes at any part of their
length.
MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Horton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1878,
JOSEPH HORTON, of Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH SHIRT FRONTS."
"IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is to ensure the more perfect fit or setting of shirt
fronts.
For this purpose I provide the shirt with a flap at each side or edge of the front,
at or near the lower part of the same, and by preference extending about half way
up; these flaps are sown or fastened on with a curved seam, and when the shirt is
put on the two flaps are united or connected at the back of the body of the wearer
by means of an elastic strap or band, or bands, which may be simply put on by
means of buttons so as to be detachable when the shirt goes to the wash. The
bottom of the front may be connected to the trousers by means of a tab in the
ordinary way. This Invention is also applicable to loose shirt fronts commonly
called "dickeys;" one of the flaps may be made in one with the elastic strap, or one
or both flaps may be made partly or wholly of elastic material.
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."ROVEMENT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe George' at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1878.
ADOLPHE GEORGE, of the City of Marseilles, France.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for its object a method for overcoming the difficulties in the
manufacture of soap. To obviate these difficulties this Invention consists of a
method of safely boiling the mixture by placing the cauldron in a steam bath.
To prevent the cooling off inevitable in a vessel of so large a diameter, and in
order to obtain great regularity in the boiling, the cauldron is traversed by a steam
pipe, the steam from which is condensed in the bath which it supplies with steam.
In this manner I obtain equal degrees of heat, and consequently equality in the
boiling in all parts of the cauldron.
The operation consists in first crushing or pounding resin and alkali which are
inixed together in a cold state and spread on a board for the purpose, where they
are allowed to remain about 12 hours.
The object of this part of the process is to give sufficient time to the alkali to
incorporate itself thoroughly with the resin, the mixture being then introduced
into a caldron into which the necessary quantity of water has been poured when it
has reached boiling point.
When the mixture above mentioned has boiled about 3 hours, and become clear,
I introduce the gelatinous matter in a state of ebbulition into another caldron
heated by means of a tube or worm, and the entire mixture is allowed to boil
about 3 hours longer, in order to render it as homogeneous as possible.
The boiling operation lasts in all 6 hours, or at most 7; I then empty the
caldron by means of a turn-cock, and pass the contents thereof through sieves, in
order to have them as free from impurity as possible. The paste is thence passed
into troughs, where it is allowed to remain 24 hours before it is used.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE FABRICS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Malcolm McCallum at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1878.
MALCOLM MCCALLUM, of Barrhead, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE
FABRICS."
This Invention, which relates to an improvement in machinery or apparatus for
treating textile fabrics, has for its object to impart a finish to the goods as they
issue from stentering machines, steam cans, or other drying machines.
The Invention consists in substituting for the rollers ordinarily employed for
drawing off the fabric from stentering machines, steam cans, or other drying
machines, two, three, or more smooth surfaced rollers of metal or other sufficiently
hard material, which are pressed together either by the weight of the top rollers or
by springs, levers, or weights. The rollers or one or more of them may or may not
be formed hollow for being heated by steam, gas, or by other heating medium. The
fabric as it issues from the stentering machine, steam cans, or other drying machine,
passes between these rollers, and their smooth surfaces impart to the fabric a
mangle" or "calendar" finish, or a finish resembling that produced by the opera-
tion of "ironing," according to the pressure or weight with which the rollers act
upon the fabric.
$
By means of this improvement the stentering, drying, and finishing of textile
fabrics is converted into one operation, instead of the finishing after stentering and
drying being a separate operation, as hitherto; and in the case of stentering machines
the present improvements are applicable to both progressive as well as hand sten-
tering machines.
For some classes of fabrics one or more of the rollers may be covered with or
formed of india-rubber or vulcanite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON AND OTHER REEL STANDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Day at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1878.
WILLIAM DAY, of Saint Thomas Street, Weymouth, in the County of Dorset.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON AND OTHER REEL STANDS."
My Invention for cotton and other reel stands has for its object the revolving of
same so that any particular reel is brought to the place required, and also in order
to prevent the reels being withdrawn or taken away; the same by suitable locking
arrangements are so secured that the reels are prevented from being displaced.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements:---The
reels are mounted in the ordinary way on spindles carried by a centre portion fixed
to the stand or upper portion, which can be made to revolve. To the upper part
immediately over the spindles, and connected to the centre portion, projections
proceed, which come immediately over the tops of the spindles. To lock the same
and thus prevent the reels being removed a locking arrangement is applied either
to the centre in connection with such projections or at the side, so that when the
key is applied and the lock is shot the projections are above the spindles carrying.
the reels, and thus same cannot be removed until the lock is unlocked.
Arrangements for holding thimbles, pins, supply of cotton, and such like can be
made, so that the articles necessary for dressmakers, needleworkers, and others are
placed readily to hand.
APPLIANCE, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO BEER FERMENTING TUBS
Year: 1878

page_text: '
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878. (A
communication from Franz Littmann, of Halle-on-the-Saale, Germany.)
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
"AN IMPROVED COOLING
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany.
APPLIANCE, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO BEER FERMENTING TUBS." (A communi-
cation from Franz Littmann, of Halle-on-the-Saale, Germany.)
For the cooling of beer in fermenting tubs floats supplied with ice have heretofore
been generally applied.
The object of this Invention is to supersede the use of this apparatus by one
cooled by means of cold water, the temperature of which has been lowered by means
of ice, or an ice or refrigerating apparatus.
The cooling appliance consists of an upright cylinder of copper or tinned
iron inserted through the bottom of the tub or vessel, the fluid in which is to be
cooled; the bottom casting of the tube rests on the inside bottom of the tub, and is
formed with a neck passing through the tub bottom, and secured against the under
side by a nut formed with spokes or hand wheel for easy fixing and detaching.
Through the neck is formed a narrow passage fitted with a pipe bend, which by
hose and hose union is connected to the cold water supply pipe, which may pass
along against one side of the tub, resting in a staple or hook thereon; the hose or
pipe is fitted with a regulating cock or valve. There is also another and larger
passage through the aforesaid neck, and to this is connected an upright pipe extending
up to within in some cases some 3-4 inches from the top of the cylinder. The
passage is below by hose and hose union connected to the warm water exit pipe,
which may conveniently pass by the other side of the tub, and rest in a hook or
staple fixed thereto.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The cold water enters the small pipe
and passage into the cooling cylinder, and as it abstracts heat through the walls of

page_text: the cooling cylinder from the surrounding beer it becomes heated and rises to the
top, where it overflows into the larger or overflow pipe. A continuous circulation
is thus kept up.
When the temperature of the cellar in winter is such that cooling water is not
required, the connection with the cold water supply pipe may be broken, and cold
air will then enter and circulate through the apparatus.
AN IMPROVED BEVERAGE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Crispin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Rickham House, 156, Haverstock Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant. "AN IMPROVED BEVERAGE."
This Invention consists in the manufacture of refreshing beverages by mixing
with soda water, seltzer water, and other mineral and aerated waters during the
manufacture thereof either Dutch bitters, orange bitters, or Swiss Alpine bitters,
and others, usually called Magen bitters, or extract of hops, or Dantzić spruce, in
due proportions.
In some cases the bitters are mixed together so as to form a variety in flavor.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Addy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1878.
JOHN WILLIAM ADDY, of Paris, in the French Republic.
INKSTANDS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to improvements which I have introduced into the con-
struction of inkstands with a view to provide for the simultaneous closing of all
the dipping cups or bottles contained therein, with the exception of the one con-
taining the description of ink required for use at the moment.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a plan of an inkstand constructed
according to my Invention, all the dipping cups closed.
Figure 2 is a similar plan, representing the central cup open and the end cups
closed.
Figure 3 is a similar plan representing one of the end cups open, the central and
opposite cups closed.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the inkstand through the line A, B,
Figure 2.
Figure 5 is an end section through the line C, D, of the same Figure.
In these Figures a is the case or body of the inkstand, in which are set the
dipping cups b, c, d, containing different descriptions of ink (for example, blue, red,
and black); e is a flap cover for the central cup, hinged at f to the body a; g, h,
are sliding covers of the end cups running in grooves i, i, cut or set in each side of
the body.
When in use the central flap lide is raised and left open, as in Figures 2, 3,
and 4, thus uncovering the red ink cup, as in Figure 2. When blue ink is required
the slide g is pushed over and closes the red ink cup, as seen in Figure 3; and

page_text: when black is required the two sides g and h are pushed back together to the
opposite end of the stand, thus covering the red and blue ink cups and exposing
the black cup only.
The form, material, dimensions, and general details of construction may be varied
at will.
MILITARY HAND BARROW
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Bazin at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1878.
ERNEST BAZIN, Civil Engineer, and Chevalier of the National Order of the Legion
"AN IMPROVED
of Honour, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of Franco.
MILITARY HAND BARROW."
The object of this Invention is to relieve soldiers marching of their rifles and
haversacks, and by using the rifles in conjunction with two small and very
light steel or other wheels, an axle, a small square, rectangular, or other shaped
board or metal plate, and a few india-rubber rundles, forming with them a hand
barrow.
The rifle and knapsack is computed to be between 19 and 20 kilogrammes
(1 kilo. 2 lbs.), and the additional parts mentioned weigh about kilos., but
although there is this slight addition whilst the soldier is engaged in battle, still
the relief to him whilst on the march is so beneficial that he arrives on the field of
battle comparatively fresh, or infinitely more so than if he had borne his load upon
his shoulders.
The barrow is formed in the following manner:-Two rifles are connected by
their butt ends to the axle referred to; the board has two holes made in its centre,
one on each side; through these and through a hole made in the butt end of each
rifle a vertical axis passes into a socket mounted on the horizontal axle bearing the
wheels.
Two india-rubber rundles are placed on each vertical axis, one above and one
below each gun stock, to prevent any shock injuring the rifles.
At each corner of the board a hole is made, through which the straps of the
haversacks are passed to fix them to the board. In this manner the rifles form
the shafts of the barrow; 2 rifles and 2 haversacks form one barrow with two
wheels.
A strap reaches from the centre of the wheel's axle, and extends to the middle of

page_text: a cross bar, with sockets at each end, through which the muzzles of the guns pass ;
this keeps them apart, and connects them firmly with the barrow.
One wheel, one rifle, and one haversack may form a barrow; in this case the
vertical axis, bearing the board, rifle, and haversack, terminates in a two-branched
fork, the single wheel revolving between the branches, through whose ends the
wheel's axle passes.
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PASTING COP BOTTOMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clayton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1878.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
HENRY CLAYTON, of Hyde, in the County of Chester.
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PASTING COP BOTTOMS."
This Invention relates to the paste boxes used for supplying paste to the brushes
employed for pasting "cop bottoms" in self-acting mules for spinning.
The paste box is applied on the back of the brush, and is for furnishing a supply
of paste to the brush. The box consists mainly of a trough fitting on the back of
the brush, and a paste box or reservoir for containing the paste, which communi-
cates through an opening or openings with the said trough, so as to supply the
paste to the brush.
"
My Invention consists in providing the inside of the paste box with a loose plate,
attached by means of two rods to a spring outside the paste box, which has a tendency
to keep the said loose plate against the side of the box furthest from the trough.
The object of this is that upon pressing the spring on the outside the loose plate is
moved forwards, and forces the paste through the opening or openings into the
trough, and thus the brush is kept well supplied with paste.
Upon removing the pressure the spring brings the loose plate back against the
side of the box.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING Cow MILKER.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jacob Jordan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1878.
HENRY JACOB JORDAN, of 90, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING Cow MILKER.'
> "
This Invention relates to a method of milking cows and other animals more
speedy, economical, and cleaner than that hitherto customary, which method is also
more agreeable to the animal milked owing to the non-handling of the teats, thus
avoiding soreness through outside friction; and in case of sore teats through
accidental scratches or other kind of injury this Invention permits of the painless
extraction of the milk.
For this purpose I construct my apparatus in the following manner: -
I make four small soft tubes of india-rubber or other elastic material, preferably
about six inches long and about one-eighth of an inch internal diameter. At one end
of each of the four tubes I fasten a metallic nozzle preferably of silver about one inch
clear length from the end of the tube, and of such thickness or diameter as may be
conveniently inserted into' and held in the orifice of the teat. The said nozzles are
closed at their point or uppermost end but are perforated downwards along their
length, and are furnished with grooves in the same direction from near the point to
a short distance from the point of connection with the elastic tube, the object of the
grooves being the more easy retention of the nozzle in place when grasped by the
elastic muscular fibres at the orifice of the teat; the object of the perforations in
the same nozzles is to allow of a free flow of milk until the udder is emptied. I
bring together and connect the lower end of each of the four elastic tubes to a single
tube or other conduit of an internal diameter at least equal to the diameters of the
whole of the four tubes combined, the larger tube leading direct to the vessel placed
for the reception of the milk, or the four elastic tubes may be left to hang simply

page_text: by themselves when the quantity of milk passing from the several teats may be
observed.
When the operation of milking a cow has to be performed a few drops are milked
from each teat, the metallic nozzles are then inserted into the teats about one inch
when the milk will immediately flow into the receiving vessel in one continuous
stream until the udder is emptied.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE APPLICATION OF VUL- CANIZED INDIA-RUBBER TO THE BASES OR BOTTOMS OF ARTICLES MADE OF CHINA, EARTHENWARE, GLASS, OR OTHER SIMILAR AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Johnson at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1878.
GEORGE JOHNSON, of 22, Constitution Hill, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Furniture Dealer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE APPLICATION OF VUL-
CANIZED INDIA-RUBBER TO THE BASES OR BOTTOMS OF ARTICLES MADE OF CHINA,
EARTHENWARE, GLASS, OR OTHER SIMILAR AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES."
Grooved cylindrical rings of vulcanized india-rubber are made in various sizes so
as to be fitted upon any article or vessel made of a brittle substance, such as glass,
china, or earthenware, having a rim or flange upon which it stands, the object
being to avoid noise when placing such articles upon a similar or hard substance,
and also to avoid the risk of cracking, starring, or breaking such articles. The
rings of india-rubber being made of various sizes can be easily fitted on the pro-
jecting rim of jugs, ewers, basons, pans, and the like, and being grooved (to receive
the rim), the article when so fitted will be protected on the outer as well as the
under edge of its base or rim.
The india-rubber rings are also applicable to the lids or covers of pans, basons,
dishes, toilet ware, and the like.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rodney McDonald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1878.
GEORGE RODNEY MCDONALD, of Saint Martin's Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS SUSPENDERS,"
According to this Invention I form a dress suspender of two bars or pieces of
metal or other suitable material joined or jointed by a pin, hinge, or other con-
nection, and presenting when in the open position more or less the form of the
letter V, the dress resting in between the two sides of it. The upper ends are by
preference bent outwards, and the suspending cord or cords are attached to them
by rings, hooks, or eyes. The tendency of this arrangement is thus, that the weight
of the dress closes the two sides or bars of the appliance against the dress between.
In order to hold it more securely in the closed position a sliding bead, or pea, or
other sliding contrivance around the two sides of the suspending cord may be
pushed down tight towards the suspender, thereby preventing the same from
opening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLASPS FOR NECKLACES AND THE LIKE ÅRTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1878. A communication from
Heinrich Hopff and Carl Hopff, persons trading under the Firm of Gebrüder
Hopff, at Hanan-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLASPS
FOR NECKLACES AND THE LIKE ÅRTICLES." [A communication from Heinrich Hopff
and Carl Hopff, persons trading under the Firm of Gebrüder Hopff, at Hanan-on-the-
Maine, in the Empire of Germany.]
This improved clasp consists of two distinct parts, which when placed together
and pressed the one into the other form a secure and firm joint.
The two parts which constitute a clasp constructed according to this Invention
are provided respectively with rings, to which the necklace or other article is
attached, one part is formed as a barrel or hollow casing, and the other part is
formed with a spring nose or beak, which fits into the barrel or casing. The barrel
or casing is formed with an internal slot and an opening, and the spring nose is
formed with a projection which fits the slot or groove in the barrel or casing in
which it slides, until it comes to the opening where it catches, and thus secures the
two parts together.
In some cases the slot or groove can be dispensed with, and the barrel or casing
merely provided with the opening into which the projection on the nose catches.
The clasp is opened by pressing the ends of the spring nose or beak formed part
together, and releasing the projection from the opening in the barrel or clasp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jones at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 18th December 1878.
SAMUEL JONES, of the Plaskynaston Boiler Works, near Ruabon, in the County
of Denbigh, Boiler Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM
BOILERS."
My Invention relates to cylindrical egg-ended boilers, and has for its object the
prevention of incrustation therein, also an increased production of steam and economy
of fuel.
And my Invention consists in adapting and applying to the bottoms of such
boilers a series of vertical water tubes in the chamber between the bridge and the
chimney end of the boiler, such pipes terminating respectively in smaller pipes
leading into a blow off pipe fitted horizontally beneath the ash pit. The said ver-
tical tubes are by preference conical, and of largest diameter at the top, and extend
from the bottom of the boiler to the brick work, through which are passed the upper
ends of the said smaller pipes, which are connected by suitable T joints to the hori-
zontal blow off pipe, provided with a blow off cock at the front end of the boiler.
By means of the said vertical tubes arranged in the chamber at the back of the
bridge an increased heating surface is obtained by the flames from the furnace
coming in direct contact with the tubes, and the heat is retained and prevented
from passing into the stack before it has sufficiently acted on the boiler. By means
also of the combination of the said vertical tubes, the smaller pipes, and the hori-
zontal blow off pipe facility is given for removing the sediment as required, and
thereby preventing incrustation in the boiler. There is or may be also adapted and
applied inside the boiler to one of the said vertical tubes a conical perforated pipe
extending a little above the water line, through which the scum from the surface of
the water passes through the said vertical tube and its smaller pipe into the blow
off pipe.
MENTS IN PEN HOLDERS.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Andrew at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1878.
MATTHEW ANDREW, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster.
MENTS IN PEN HOLDERS.'
"IMPROVE-
The improvements consist in furnishing existing pen holders, or in making pen
holders specially for the purpose, with one or more removable or fixed rests or
guards, which shall prevent the pen touching the surface of any material it and its
holder may be laid upon, and also serve if desired as a shield to shield the fingers
from the ink. The improvements may be performed by making the rest in the
shape of a ring or collar of any external shape desired, with protuberances or other-
wise of sufficient depth to keep the pen, say, the 1/8th of an inch, more or less, off a
plane surface when the holder and pen are laid thereon. The internal shape of the
ring should conform to that part of the holder it is desired to secure it on. The
said ring may be made separately or in one piece. In lieu of the ring device, studs,
pins, or other equivalent rests, guards, or supports may be used.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FOR PAPER HANGINGS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Haigh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1878.
WILLIAM HAIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FOR PAPER HANGINGS AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
Certain kinds of paper for paper hangings and various other purposes are required
to be prepared with or have imparted to them a ground or surface of colour or
glaze of different tints and substances. Hitherto this has been accomplished by
hand or by special machinery, separate and away from the ordinary machinery
used in the manufacture of paper.
The object of my improvements is to enable the same grounding, surfacing, or
glazing processes to be accomplished at and in conjunction with the ordinary
paper-making machinery.
To enable this to be done and to carry out my improvements I apply the colour
or glazing substances to the paper by means of rollers, brushes, travelling felts, or
other such like mechanical appliances, taking up colour or glazing substances from
suitable receptacles, and geared with or put in motion in conjunction with the
ordinary paper machine in such a manner that the paper becomes operated upon
as it leaves the ordinary paper making apparatus, so as to complete and prepare
paper for the before mentioned purposes with a ground or glaze in the one set of
operations.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF TELEPHONIC CIRCUITS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henry McClure at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1878.
JOSEPH HENRY MCCLURE, of 36, Coleman Street, in the City of London. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF TELEPHONIC CIRCUITS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the arrangement of telephonic
circuits. Where the wire or wires of a tolephonic circuit are carried in the
neighbourhood of the wire or wires of other telephonic or telegraphic circuits the
working of the telephone is much interferred with by induction from the currents
passing through such other wire or wires; the working of the telephone is also
sometimes interferred by the currents received through the earth connections.
From these and other causes sounds are heard in the telephone which confuse or
deaden those sounds which it is the object of the telephone to reproduce.
I have found that these difficulities can in great part be overcome by the
introduction into the telephonic circuit of a suitable amount of resistance. For
this purpose I employ one or more resistance boxes, cach having a slider, and
so arranged that by moving the slider I can at any time vary the resistance of
the telephonic circuit, so that the telephonic signals are brought out more
distinctly.
With the same object I sometimes apply a shunt or shunts to the telephonic
circuit, either with or without such resistance boxes.