Improvements' in Lamp Burners Consuming Hydrocarbon Oils Without the Aid of the Ordinary Chimney.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 18th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements' in Lamp Burners Consuming Hydrocarbon Oils
Without the Aid of the Ordinary Chimney.
1, WILLIAM HENRY PARKER Secretary of 37 Wretham Road Handsworth
Birminghain do hereby.declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the improvement of burners consuming petroleum
& other hydrocarbon oils without the assistance of the usual chimney, in such
manner that the flame is brilliant smokeless & not extinguished by being carried
about, by shock or by vibration so that buruers made on this principle are
particularly adapted for use in lanterns & lamps used by railway companies."
1 accomplish the result indicated in two different ways.
•
1st. I cut away a portion of the flat metal wick-tube of a petroleum burner in
such manner that the wick is left partially exposed. I surround the part of wick
tube so cut away with a chamber open only at the top & which terminates at or
about the upper end of the wick tube. This chamber is of larger section than the
wick tube so that there is a suitable space for the generation & collection of vapor
between the walls of the chamber & the wick tube & wick. A wedge shaped
deflector with opening for the flame to pass through is fitted over the chamber &
wick tube with air passages or openings between the sides of the deflector & the
outside of the vapor chamber. The wick being lit in the usual manner the deflector
chamber & wick tube become heated, causing the portion of the wick left exposed
below the top of the chamber to give off vapor, which collects in the space left
between the wick tube & the walls of the chamber. The vapor drives out the air
so that it cannot ignite inside the chamber but rises to the top of it, & there mixing
with the air drawn in by the deflector, forms an inflammable gas which feeds the
flame at the top of the wick in addition to the oil rising to it by means of the
ordinary capillary attraction. The chamber also serves when properly fixed within
the deflector to divert the violent currents of air, which enter the burner when the
lamp is dropped or shaken, so that they do not strike the flame at its base, & this
in conjunction with the constant supply of vapor rising up inside the chamber
renders the flame practically inextinguishable from shock or vibration.
2nd. In the second case I do not cut away a portion of the wick tube I use the
same deflector over the wick tube as in the former example, but in order to prevent
the air currents from striking the flame at its base when the lamp is dropped or
shaken, I use (in place of the vapor chamber) a strip of metal attached at or
about the top of the wick tube, forming a flange all round it & which is extended
at the two ends until it meets the deflector & cuts off the air supply in such manner
that air is admitted at the sides of the flame only, through the spaces between the
edges of the flange & the sides of the deflector.
In both cases I cut off the direct air supply to the two ends of the flame admitting
air directly only to the sides, which broadens the flame & causes it to burn evenly
& steadily.
Dated this Thirteenth day of July 1894.

page_text: Improvements in Lamp Burners Consuming Hydrocarbon Oils
Without the Aid of the Ordinary Chimney.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PARKER of 37 Wrentham Road, Handsworth, Birmingham,
Secretary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention has for its object the improvement of lamp burners consuming
petroleum and other hydro-carbon oils without the assistance of the usual chimney,
in such manner that the flame is brilliant, smokeless and practically inextinguishable
by being carried about, by vibration, or by shock.
There are two methods by which I accomplish these objects.
1st. cut away a portion of a flat metal wick tube in such manner that the wick
is left partially exposed, this part of the wick tube is then surrounded with a
chamber of metal or other suitable material open at the top and terminating at or
about the upper end of the wick tube. This chamber is of sufficiently large section to
leave a small space all round between it and the wick tube so that there is room
for the gas issuing from the exposed wick when heated to collect but not room
enough for air to descend and mix with the gas so collected. A wedge shaped
deflector with opening at top for flame to pass through and with air passages
at its sides is fitted over the gas chamber to perfect the combustion and spread
the flame. This deflector is formed with projections at each end of its longer
section, which laps over the end of the gas chamber or projecting lips from it in order
to cut off the direct supply of air from the end of the flame; this allows the
flame to spread itself the full width (in reason) of the top of the deflector.
The manner in which this is accomplished is shewn more clearly hereafter by
reference to the accompanying drawings.
I am aware that chambers for the collection of gas from exposed wick are
already in use but the metal of the wick tube is not partially left as in my
invention and the combination of the air deflector with a gas chamber is new.
The gas chamber serves to regulate the amount of air admitted to the upper
part of the deflector so that only sufficient is supplied to allow the flame to burn
properly without smoking and also to prevent the violent currents of air which
enter the burner when the lamp is dropped or shaken from striking the flame
at its base and extinguishing it.
2nd. The second method by which I accomplish the objects previously set
forth is by means of a strip of metal forming a flange all round the wick tube at or
about its termination in place of the vapor chamber described in the foregoing.
This flange is so shaped and fitted that it acts as a regulator to the admission of
air through the sides of the deflector to the flame and cuts off the supply of air
from the ends of the flame and also prevents the currents of air from striking the
flame at its base when the lamp is dropped or shaken.
I am aware that strips and Hanges of metal are already used for similar purposes
but they do not act in the same way as regards regulating the air and cutting off
the end supply.
I will now refer to the accompanying drawings to illustrate my invention. The
similar letters of reference on the various drawings refer to similar parts.
"
Fig. 1 shews an ordinary flat metal wick tube A partially cut away, having slots
or spaces B, C, D (the front of the gas chamber E is cut away to expose the wick
tube). It is obvious that the slots may run from right to left instead of from top
to bottom or the whole of the side may-be cut out leaving only the ends to support
the top of the wick tube; or holes may be drilled in the wick tube as in Fig. 1A.
In every case the gas chamber E will extend below such slots or holes.

page_text: n
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the gas chamber and Fig. 2ª is a plan of the same
shewing the projecting lips F. The chamber may have n lip or flange running
round its outer edge to assist in regulating the admission of air and at same time
to keep the chamber a good distance from the deflector which prevents undue heat
being communicated to the chamber from the deflector. In some instances I find
it convenient to drill small holes along this flange to admit air close to the gas
issuing from the chamber.
Fig. 3 is a section of the air deflector shewing the projections G G₁ which may
be stamped in the metal forming the deflector or may be solid pieces attachel
inside the same.
Fig. 4 is an inside view shewing the wick tube A gas chamber E and air
deflector G in position, the front of the two latter being cut away to shew the
different parts and Fig. 44 a cross section of the same. The wick projecting above
the top of the wick tube A being lit communicates heat to the wick tube and gas
chamber, this acting on the oil drawn up by the wick causes it to be converted into
vapor which issues through the slots or holes in the side of the wick tube, collects
in the chamber and rising to the top of it mixes with the air drawn in by means of
the deflector G through the opening H and burns at the top of the chamber in
conjunction with the flame at the top of the wick tube which consumes the oil
reaching the top of the wick in the ordinary manner by capillary attraction. The
lips FF of the gas chamber project outwards underneath the projections G¹ G¹ of
the deflector G nearly meeting the sides of the latter so that no air (or a most
insufficient amount) is allowed to pass upwards to the ends of the flame immediately
above F & G (contact between F & G is not desirable on account of the extra and
injurious amount of heat which would be thereby communicated to the wick tube A)
this arrangement prevents the ends of the flame from being acted on by the upward
currents and therefore it spreads out instead of being drawn together as is the case
when the upward current is not so cut off.
The spaces X X between the sides of the deflector and the outer wall of the gas
chamber are so regulated that the amount of air passing in through H upward
through the said spaces X X to the flame shall be sufficient to permit the flame to
burn clearly above the top of the deflector G but not enough to allow perfect
combustion below the top of G. That is to say that the flame consists of two parts
one below the top of the deflector G almost non luminous and one above the top of
the deflector G luminous and brilliant from the further admixture of air from the
free atmosphere outside the deflector. This deflector is attached to the burner at
its base by a plate or strip of metal, and for convenience of trimming and cleaning
may be movable.
The method of raising and lowering the wick and of attaching this burner to the
oil vessel is the same as in every day use.
Fig. 5 shews the wick tube A surrounded by the flange J in place of the gas
chamber E described above. Fig. 6 shews the deflector G in position, the flange J
being sufficiently long to spread underneath the projections G G without actual
contact as it is desirable to avoid communication of undue heat to the wick tube
and wick. The air admitted to the flame in this arrangement is regulated in the
same way as described in connection with Fig. 4 and 4 the conditions of com-
bustion are the same, but the absence of the extra gas supplied by the use of the
chamber E in Figs. 4 and 44 prevents the flame being quite as powerful and
tenacious as in the arrangement shewn in Fig. 4. I may for the sake of convenience
attach the flange or strip of metal J to the deflector G; in which case it would be
desirable to leave a small space between it and the wick tube to prevent contact
and communication of undue heat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :
1. The use of slots or perforations in the wick tube of a petroleum burner to

page_text: permit of the issue of gas from the oil, brought up by the wick when heated,
into a gas chamber surrounding the wick tube as described and illustrated in
Figs. 1 & 4.
2. The combination of a gas chamber and air deflector with a petroleum burner
in such manner that the air drawn in by the deflector mixes with the gas and
forms an inflammable gas suitable for illuminating purposes substantially as herein
set forth.
3. The special form of gas chamber with projecting lips or flanges as illustrated
in Fig. 2.
4. The method of widening or spreading the flame by cutting off the direct air
supply to the ends of the flame in the interior of the air deflector of a petroleum
burner, where incomplete combustion only is allowed to take place.
5. The special form of air deflector shewn in Fig. 3 with the projections G¹ G
the air being allowed to enter to the flame at the sides but being cut off from
communication with the two ends by the projections G1 G₁ acting in conjunction
with the projecting lips of the gas chamber E Fig. 4 or with the flange J Fig. 5..
6. The use of a strip or flange of metal round the wick tube, of a petroleum
burner, at or about its termination in combination with an air deflector so arranged
that the direct air supply is cut off from the ends of the flame and that the
admission of air at the sides is sufficient to permit of the flame burning below the
top of the deflector in an almost non-luminous state only.
Dated this 11th day of April 1895.
HENRY F. TALBOT,
7, Cherry Street, Birmingham, Agent for the Applicant.