IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOSH OR OIL-DRESSED LEATHER
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pullman, of 17, Greek Street, Soho,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOSH OR OIL-DRESSED LEATHER."
Sealed the 28th June 1853, and dated the 7th May 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Pullman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th May 1853.
I, JOHN PULLMAN, of 17, Greek Street, Soho, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the sd Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOSH OR OIL-DRESSED LEATHER"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of mounting the knives and rubbers used on
arms or levers carried by a crank axis, the arms or levers being con-
trolled in their action by connecting rods. The leather is held at both
ends, and hangs from the upper end in a curved form, whereby it is
free to move and follow the curved direction in which the knives or
rubbers perform or move.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Pullman in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 7th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN PULLMAN, of 17, Greek Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Pullman, Her special licence
that I, the said John Pullman, my exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Pullman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF LOSH OR OIL-DRESSED LEATHER," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Pullman, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and scal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Pullman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists of mounting the knives and rubbers used on
arms or levers carried by a crank axis, the arms or levers being con-
trolled in their action by connecting rods. The leather is held at both
ends, and hangs from the upper end in a curved form, whereby it is
free to move and follow the curved direction in which the knives or

page_text: rubbers perform or move. And in order that my said Invention may
be more fully understood and readily carried into effect I will proceed
to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a section of a machine constructed according to iny
Invention, this machine being furnished with knives; and Figure 2, is
an end view, Figure 3, a section, and Figure 4, a plan of a like
machine, the knives being replaced by rubbers. In each of these
Figures the same letters are used to indicate the samic parts.
a, a, is
the framing of the machine. b, is an axis turning in suitable bearings
at c, c; this axis b, receives motion from a steam engine, or other
power, by means of a strap acting on the pulley d, fixed on such axis,
the fly-wheel d, being also fixed on this axis. c, is a pinion fixed on
the axis ; this pinion takes into and drives the toothed wheel f, fixed
on the crank axis g, which turns in suitable bearings at g'; the crank
axis, carries the arms or levers h, h, on which are mounted the
knives i, and rubbers ; and the arms or levers h, h, are controlled in
their action by the connecting rods 1, 1. 1, ', are set screws, which by
acting on the connecting rods 1, 1, regulate the amount of action of the
knives i, and rubbers A, on the leather m; the leather m, is held at
both ends by the rollers n, n', and o, o', which are pressed together by
the weighted levers n², n², 0, 0, acting on the axes of the roller n, o'.
The rollers are retained in one position by the ratchet wheels and
catches n³, o, until the catches are thrown out of action, when the
rollers may be actuated by the hand wheels n', o, so as to bring a
fresh portion of the leather under the action of the knives and rubbers;
the rollers and leather are carried by a sliding frame p, p, which the
attendant moves to and fro, so as to bring the whole of the leather
under the action of the knives and rubbers; the frame p, p, is con-
structed of sufficient length to support two sets of rollers, so that one
skin is being operated on while another is being introduced.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I make
no claim to any of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to

page_text: the details, so long as the peculiar character of my Invention be
retained. But what I claim is, the combination of machinery herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pullman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOHN PULLMAN. (L.S.)
Witness, JNo. Cook.