IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL OR CONICAL ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Redrup, of Loughborough, in the County
of Leicester, Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL OR CONICAL ARTICLES."
Sealed the 31st October 1865, and dated the 4th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Redrup at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
May 1865.
I, GEORGE REDRUP, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester, Brewer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL OR CONICAL ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of knives, cutters, or saws, which
as they are brought up or forward in the act of cutting a bung or other
cylindrical or conical article, are expanded, so that there is no friction upon
the article while being cut. These knives, cutters, or saws, as they revolve,
slide upon a cylindrical or conical piece secured on the end of the inner
spindle of a bung-cutting machine similar to the one described in the Specifi-
cation of my Patent, dated Seventh February 1863, numbered 352. Outside
the knives, cutters, or saws are springs, which press upon them. The knives,
cutters, or saws, and the springs are held fast in a collar by set screws, or the
knives, cutters, or saws may be parallel and expanded by a wedge between
each knife, cutter, or saw, instead of being expanded from the centre, in such
case the sides of each such knife, cutter, or saw, are made of the required
angle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Redrup in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
REDRUP, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester, Brewer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Redrup, Her special licence that I, the said George
Redrup, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Redrup, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and. at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING CYLINDRICAL OR CONICAL
ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Redrup, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Redrup, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the employment of knives, cutters, or saws, which
as they are brought up or forward in the act of cutting a bung or other
cylindrical or conical article, are expanded, so that there is. no friction upon
the article while being cut. These knives, cutters, or saws, as they revolve,
slide upon a cylindrical or conical piece of wood or metal revolving but secured
on the end of the inner spindle of a bung-cutting machine similar to the
spindle described in the Specification of my Patent, dated the 7th day of
February 1863, and numbered 352. Outside the knives, cutters, or saws,

page_text: are springs which press upon them, or the knives, cutters, or saws themselves
may act as springs. The knives, cutters, saws, and springs are held fast in
a collar by set screws, or the knives, cutters, or saws may be made parallel and
expanded by a wedge between each knife, cutter, or saw, instead of being
expanded from the centre. In such case the sides of each such knife, cutter,
or saw are made of the required angle.
Having thus set forth the nature of my Invention, I now proceed more
particularly to describe the manner of performing the same, with reference to
the accompanying Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1, Figure 1, is plan of a portion of one of my machines, furnished
with my improvements in knives, cutters, or saws, which form the subject of
my present Patent, numbered 1247, but such machine is in other respects
constructed according to my former Patent, numbered 352; Figure 2 is an
end view of the same machine with the cutting bed removed, and shews the
cutting ends of the knives or saws for cutting the cylindrical or conical sides
of the bungs or shives, and also the cutters for taking off the edge of the
smaller end, or cutting a bevil upon the said end of the bung or shive;
Figure 3 is a side view of the collar hereafter referred to. Through this
collar are passed the stems of the cutters which cut the bevil on the small
end of the bung or shive. The corresponding parts in each Figure are lettered
alike.
A is the foundation plate of the machine; B, B, O, are bearing brackets
secured to or cast in a piece with this foundation plate. In the bearings B
lies a hollow spindle C carrying a pulley D and worm wheel D₁; through the
spindle C is passed a central spindle I. As the whole of the above parts A, B,
C, D, D', and I, are similar to parts fully described in the Specification of my
said former Patent dated 7th February 1863, further description here is
unnecessary.
In carrying out my present improvements I place a collar G upon the end
of the central spindle I near the enlarged end thereof, which said enlarged
end thereof presses upon the wood to be cut into bungs or shives M (and holds
such wood firmly upon the cutting bed of wood N, which bed is let into the:
bearing O) until the bung or shive is completed. This collar G bas as many
recesses on its outer circumference as there are knives or saws E to be
employed, the non-cutting ends of which I insert between the enlarged end of.
the spindle C and a clamping collar C provided with as many set screws as.
there are knives or saws. The knives or saws are held fast upon the end of."

page_text: the spindle by the set screws and revolve with it, and they also lie in and are
capable of sliding upon the collar G in such manner that as the knives or
saws are pressed up to their work in forming the bung or shive M, they will
gradually expand until the bung or shive is wholly cut or severed from the
piece of wood from which it is formed. These knives or saws may preferably
be of the shape shewn in plan at Figure 6 and in end view at Figure 2, and
in end view at Figure 4. These Figures 2 and 4 shew a knife or cutter.
Figure 2 shews the cutting end at which they are curved, and Figure 4 shews
the opposite end, which is flat, and by means of which end they may be held
securely by the set screws above referred to. The cutters press upon the side
of the bung or shive which is being cut at their cutting edges only, and do
not rub or press against the part which has been cut, so that much friction is
avoided. The machine is thus rendered capable of running at great speed
without heating the knives or saws as heretofore.
The spring of the knives or saws may be provided for by making them flat
at the part E, shewn in side view at Figure 8, which will enable them to
spring the remaining portion of their non-cutting end is also flat and is
secured to the enlarged end of the hollow spindle as above described. When
knives or saws are used which require springs or an elasticity which they do
not of themselves possess, I employ additional springs F, which I place upon
them, as seen in Figure 1, a piece of metal being interposed between the
springs F and the knives or saws E, and the whole held as shown by set
screws in the collar C¹. Instead of using knives or saws as in Figures 2, 6,
and 8, I sometimes employ knives or saws slightly tapered at the cutting end
as shewn in plan at Figure 7, in which case instead of using a recessed collar
as seen in Figures 1, 2, and 3, I use a collar similar to the one shown in end
view at Figure 5, the projections upon the circumference of which are
wedge-shaped so as to expand the knives or saws E by pressing upon the
inclined sides of the knives or saws as such knives or saws are pressed over
the collar.
Having thus described the form and operation of the knives or saws E for
cutting out a bung or shive, I will now describe the cutters for taking off the
edge of the smaller end of the bung or shive at any required bevil according
to the angle at which such cutters are made or set, the operation being per-
formed as follows:-The collar G has as many holes drilled or otherwise
formed in it as the number of cutters I intend to employ, such holes being
lengthwise of the collar. I place in each hole a cutter K, the stem of which
is round to fit the holes in the collar. The cutting end is flat, and is capable
of sliding in a slot cut in the side of the collar at the largest end, such slots

page_text: passing into the holes before mentioned. The ends of the stems are passed
through another collar H, and secured therein by a nut on each of them, as
seen at Figure 3. Between the collars G and H I place a coiled spring L in
such manner that it will have a tendency to push the collar H away from the
collar G so as to keep the cutters K within the slots of the collar G as seen
at Figure 3; or instead of using one spring as shewn, I place one smaller
spring round or upon each stem of the cutters K so as to act in like manner.
These cutters K which lie between the knives or saws, as seen in Figure 2, will,
when the knives or saws have nearly cut out or formed the bung or shive, be
projected forward to the extent shown by the dotted lines in Figure 3, by the
pressure of the enlarged end of the hollow spindle C upon the collar H, so as
to cut away the edge of the smaller end of the bung or shive, and thus form
a bevel thereon, as seen at Figures 1 and 3; such cutting away is made and
a bevel formed by the time the knives or saws have performed their work of
cutting out a cylindrical or conical bung or shive.
I have only herein-before referred to cutting bungs or shives, but the
machinery or apparatus is arranged and operates in like manner for cutting
other cylindrical or conical articles.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim as constituting my
said Invention, the employment of knives, cutters, or saws, constructed,
arranged, and operating substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Redrup, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
GEO. JON. ROBINSON,
Patent Office,
Nottingham.
GEORGE REDRUP. (L.S.)