IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND OTHER METALLIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Munro, of Arbroath, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, and William Bennet Adamson, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND OTHER METALLIC
SUBSTANCES
Sealed the 5th January 1869, and dated the 13th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Munro and
William Bennet Adamson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th July 1868.
We, ARCHIBALD MUNRO, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, and WILLIAM BENNET ADAMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND OTHER METALLIC
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to a new or improved mode of manu-
facturing articles in iron, including such articles as are at present made
E Price 8d.]

page_text: of malleable or wrought iron, steel, or cast iron from remelted pigs or
direct from the blast furnace, consists as follows:-
Chills of the shape required for the articles to be produced are pro-
vided, and molten crude iron or molten pig iron is run into the chills.
As soon as solidified, and for the purpose of making the material very
hard and dense, the casting may be taken from the chill and cooled in
water or otherwise; or it may be allowed to remain in the chill for a
longer period; or the chills may be surrounded with or cooled by water.
In place of forming the chill casting of absolutely crude iron, the iron
before being cast may be partly refined by blowing atmospheric air into
its mass, or by placing compounds of oxygen into the vessel or furnace
wherein it is refined. It is to be clearly understood that the chills may
be made of the finished shape of the articles to be produced, or they may
be different from the finished shape, and the casting made therein may be
afterwards altered to the finished shape. The chilled castings are after-
wards annealed or tempered, thus producing a material possessing many
of the properties of wrought, forged, or malleable iron, but avoiding the
costly manufacture of iron now in use.
As constituting this part of the Invention, and as novel and original,
it is intended specially to claim the manufacture of iron as well as
articles in iron by annealing or tempering chilled castings.
Under the second head of this Invention iron may be compounded
with tin, copper, lead, and other metals; also other metallic alloys in
which iron is not a compound may be treated in the manner herein-
before described with reference to crude or pig iron, but some castings,
such as bearings and axles, or shafts, will not require to be annealed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Archibald Munro and William Bennet Adamson in

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Archibald Munro and William Bennet
Adamson, Her special license that we, the said Archibald Munro and
William Bennet Adamson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Archibald Munro and William Bennet
Adamson, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND OTHER METALLIC SUB-
STANOES," upon the coudition (amongst others) that we, the said Archibald
Munro and William Bennet Adamson, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Archibald Munro and William
Bennet Adamson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to
say:-
Our said Invention which relates to a new or improved mode of
manufacturing articles in iron, including such as are at present
made of malleable or wrought iron, steel, or cast iron from remelted
pigs, foundry scrap, or direct from the blast furnace, consists as
follows:-
Chills of the shape required for the articles to be produced are
provided, and molten crude iron or molten pig iron is run into the
chills. As soon as solidified, and for the purpose of making the material
very hard and dense, the casting may be taken from the chill and cooled
in water or otherwise; or it may be allowed to remain in the chill for a
longer period; or the chills may be surrounded with or cooled by water.
In place of forming the chill castings of absolutely crude iron, the iron
before being cast may be partly refined by blowing atmospheric air into
its mass, or by placing compounds of oxygen into the vessel or furnace

page_text: wherein it is refined. It is to be clearly understood that the chills may
be made of the finished shape of the articles to be produced, or they
may be different from the finished shape and the castings made therein
may be afterwards altered to the finished shape. The chilled castings
are afterwards annealed or tempered, thus producing a material possess-
ing many of the properties of wrought, forged, or malleable iron, but
avoiding the costly manufacture of iron now in use.
The treatment herein-before set forth is especially applicable to the
construction of such articles as flyers for spinning machinery, buckles,
stirrup irons, and light articles used in the arts and manufactures which
have hitherto been constructed of wrought iron or forged of steel. In
the manufacture of such articles in the manner herein-before set forth
the time and labour hitherto spent in forging them to the proper
configuration may be saved, as they may be cast in the finished shape
and thereafter annealed, but some castings will not require to be
annealed.
Under the second head of this Invention iron may be compounded
with tin, copper, lead, and other metals; also other metallic alloys in
which iron is not a compound may be treated in the manner herein-
before described with reference to crude or pig iron.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider novel
and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the manufacture of
iron as well as articles in iron, also castings of metallic alloys, by
annealing or tempering chilled castings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Archibald Munro and William
Bennet Adamson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Eleventh day of January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine
ARCHIBALD MUNRO. (L.s.)
W. B. ADAMSON.
(L.B.)