IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Parell Butchart, of Dundee, in the
County of Forfar, North Britain, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDING JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Sealed the 25th July 1873, and dated the 3rd June 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Parell Butchart
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd June 1873.
I, WILLIAM PARELL BUTCHART, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention which relates to an improved arrangement or con-
struction of mechanism to be used for carding jute, hemp, flax, and
other fibrous substances, and (whereby the said operation is better
effected than by the mechanism at present in use for carding such

page_text: 56
substances) is applicable both as a "breaker" carding engine, as well as a
finisher" carding engine, that is to say, it may be employed for the
first carding of the crude fibrous material as well as for the subsequent
carding operations.
The mechanism consists of one or two travelling feeding webs (two
such webs being preferably employed). The material to be carded is
placed on the travelling web or webs, and by these supplied to the
feeding cylinder or cylinders accordingly as one or more feeding
cylinders are employed. At one side of the feeding cylinder or cylinders
a shell or casing is placed, so as to confine or hold the fibrous material
against the feeding cylinder or cylinders, and on either side of and below
the feeding cylinders two carding cylinders revolving in opposite
directions are situated, thus as the fibrous material passes from the
feeding cylinders it is operated upon at opposite sides simultaneously by
the two carding cylinders. At any required distance from the point
where the carding cylinders touch or nearly touch or approach closest to
each other, a revolving cylinder generally known as a "stripper" and a
"worker," together with a "gatherer" are situated, the "stripper,"
"worker," and "gatherer" effecting the operations which they are
usually employed in carding engines for. Around the peripheries of the
carding cylinders two or more such sets of "strippers," "workers," and
'gatherers" are situated, and as the material is taken off the carding
cylinder by the "doffer' or doffers," it is drawn off therefrom by
drawing rollers, on passing from which it is collected in cans or balled
in the ordinary manner.
"
66
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Parell Butchart in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd December 1873.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PARELL BUTCHART, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the 36th

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Parell Butchart, Her special license that
I, the said William Parell Butchart, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Parell Butchart, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDING JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Parell Butchart, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Parell Butchart, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say: --
My said Invention which relates to an improved arrangement or con-
struction of mechanism to be used for carding jute, hemp, flax, or other
fibrous substances, and (whereby the said operation is better effected
than by the mechanism at present in use for carding such substances)
is applicable both as a breaker" carding engine as well as a " finisher
carding engine, that is to say, it may be employed for the first carding
of the crude fibrous material, as well as for the subsequent carding
operations.
66
"
The mechanism consists of one or two travelling feeding webs, two
such webs being preferably employed. The material to be carded is
placed on the travelling web or webs, and by these is supplied to the
feeding cylinder or cylinders, accordingly as one or more feeding
cylinders are employed. At one side of the feeding cylinder or cylinders
a shell or casing is placed so as to confine or hold the fibrous material
'

page_text: against the feeding cylinder or cylinders, and on either side of and below
the feeding cylinders two carding cylinders revolving in opposite
directions are situated, thus as the fibrous material passes from the
feeding cylinder or cylinders it is operated upon at opposite sides
simultaneously by the two carding cylinders. At any required distance
from the point where the carding cylinders touch or nearly touch or
approach closest to each other, each carding cylinder is provided with a
revolving cylinder, generally known as a "stripper" and a "worker,"
together with a "gatherer," the "strippers," "workers," and "gatherers,"
effecting the operations which they are usually employed in carding
engines for. Around the peripheries of the carding cylinders two or
more such sets of "strippers," "workers," and "gatherers" are situated,
and as the material is taken off the carding cylinders by the "doffers,"
it is drawn off therefrom by drawing rollers, on passing from which it is
collected in cans or balled in the ordinary manner.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried
into effect, that is to say :-
-
On the Sheet of Drawings hereunto appended, Figure 1 is a side
elevation of the improved carding engine constructed in accordance with
my said Invention, and which is at the Figure referred to arranged as a
"breaker" card, that is to say, as an engine to perform the first carding
of the crude jute, hemp, flax, or other fibrous substances. As shewn by
this Figure the apparatus consists of a framing A, at each end of which
a platform B is situated, whereon the operators stand, and from which
the material is fed to the machine. At the upper part of the framing A
two endless travelling feeding webs C passed over carrying rollers D are
situated, and at the inner ends of the webs C a feeding cylinder E is
placed, the periphery of which is provided with pins or teeth, as shewn.
On one side of the feeding cylinder E a shell or casing F is placed to
confine or hold the fibrous material being operated upon against the
pins or teeth of the feeding cylinder E. On each side of and beneath
the feeding cylinder E two carding cylinders or drums G revolving in
opposite directions are placed, and below the point where the carding
cylinders or drums G touch or approach closest to each other, two
revolving cylinders or "strippers" H are situated, these being carried
on adjustable bearings formed at the extremity of the arms a, as shewn.

page_text: A cylinder I, generally known as a "worker," is placed at one side of
each "stripper" H, in proximity to the "stripper" and to the carding
cylinder or drum nearest thereto. Underneath the cylinders or
"strippers" H, "gathering" cylinders or rollers J are placed, as shewn.
The "strippers," "workers," and "gatherers" effect the operations
which they are usually employed to perform in carding engines. Other
cylinders or "strippers " K and "workers "L are arranged at other points
on the circumferences of the carding cylinders or drums G, as shewn at
Figure 1, and at the upper part of the framing A, "doffing" cylinders,
otherwise known as "doffers " M, are placed near to the peripheries of
the carding cylinders or drums G. The carding cylinders or drums G,
strippers" H and K, "workers "I and L, are all provided with teeth
or pins arranged round their peripheries, by which the "breaking" or first
carding operation is performed upon the jute, hemp, flax, or other fibrous
material passing through the carding engine.
The mechanism herein-before described is driven from a revolving
pulley N (situate above the machine or in any other suitable position)
by means of a belt or band 6 passing round it, and also round pullies c, d,
and e, the two latter being on the shafts or axes of the carding cylinders
or drums G. On the axes of each carding cylinder G a smaller pulley f
is fixed, around which a belt g passes, and also round the pullies / on
the axes of the "strippers" H and K, thereby actuating the several
"strippers." The "workers" T and L are driven by means of a toothed
pinion on the axis of each carding cylinder G, which gearing with the
stud pinions j, driving the trains of wheels and pinions k, l, m, actuate
the "workers "L, the toothed wheels m, on the ends of which drive the
other "workers" I, by means of the carrier pinions n. The wheels k
also gear into smaller toothed wheels o, on the axes of the drawing
rollers P, and at the opposite ends of the said axes are pinions gearing
into toothed wheels on the axes of the "doffers" M, which are thereby
driven. The delivery rollers 8 are driven by the toothed wheels k,
which actuate the trains of carrier wheels q, r, the wheels r gearing
with the pinions & fixed in the axis of the delivery rollers S. The
driving of the gatherers J is effected by toothed wheels on the axes of
the "workers" I, which gear into toothed pinions situated on the axes
of the gatherers J. The toothed pinions i on the axis of one carding
cylinder G also communicate motion to the feeding cylinder E by
gearing into the train of carrying wheels and pinions v, w, x, y, the

page_text: The travelling webs C are driven by a wheel on the axis of the feeding
roller E gearing into a pinion situated at the end of either of the
rollers D, on the opposite extremity of which toothed wheels are placed
working into one another, thus producing the required motion.
The directions of revolution of the several parts are indicated by the
arrows on Figure 1 of the Drawings. The crude jute, hemp, flax, or
other fibrous substances to be operated upon is laid by the operators
upon the travelling webs C, by which it is carried forward and delivered
to the feeding cylinder E, between which and the shell or casing F it
passes downwards to the carding cylinders or drums G, passing between
them, it is operated upon at both sides simultaneously by the two carding
cylinders or drums G. After being so treated the jute, hemp, flax, or
other fibrous substance is carried round on the pins or teeth of the
carding cylinders or drums G to the "workers" I, by which the material
under treatment is taken off from the carding cylinders or drums G,
and as the workers revolve the fibrous material is delivered to the
strippers" H, against which it is held by the gatherers J at the
position marked o, Figure 1, from whence it is taken up by the
"strippers" H, which again deliver the material to the carding cylinders
or drums G, by which it is carried on to the next "workers" L, from
whence it is removed by the "strippers" K, and redelivered to the
carding cylinders or drums G. The material thus carded is finally
removed from the carding cylinders or drums G by the "doffers " M,
whence it is conducted between the drawing rollers P, Q, and thence
between the delivery rollers R, S, by which it is deposited in the can or
receptacle W in proximity thereto.
66
Figure 2 is a verical section, shewing the position of the moving parts
of the machine (constructed in accordance with my said Invention)
arranged for employment as a "finisher" carding engine. As con-
structed for this purpose, the machine is provided with two cylinders X, Y,
situated between the carding cylinders or drums G and the feeding
cylinder E. These cylinders X and Y are employed for the purpose of
operating on the material nearer to the position at which it is held or
suspended from the feeding roller or cylinder E, and so carding both
sides of the material previous to its being carded by the carding

page_text: 65
cylinders or drums G.
The cylinders X and Y may, however, be
dispensed with, and the feeding cylinder or roller E may be placed
as shewn at Figure 1. Intermediate "strippers," "workers," and
gatherers" H¹, I', J', (placed between the "strippers," "workers," and
'gatherers" H, I, J, and the "strippers" and "workers" K, L,) are
employed in conjunction with each carding cylinder or drum G in the
machine as arranged for effecting the finishing carding operation.
66
The material upon which the finishing carding operation is to be
effected is fed from cans or receptacles W placed upon the platforms B,
which cans or receptacles have previously been removed from the
"breaker" carding engine herein-before described; or in lieu of so
feeding from cans or receptacles W balls or rolls of the fibrous material
may be placed on the platform B, from which the material is wound and
fed to the travelling webs C.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe
in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the arrangement and construction of carding engines
wherein two carding cylinders or drums revolving in opposite directions
and operating simultaneously on both sides of the fibrous material are
employed, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Parell Butchart, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
WILLIAM PARELL BUTCHART. (L.S.)