IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CLEANING AND DRYING OTHER.SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CLEANING AND DRYING OTHER.SUBSTANCES."-A com-
munication from abroad by John Otto Donner, of the City and
Gints of New York Tinited States of America.
ealed the 13th April 1875, and dated the 15th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,-on
the 15th October 1874.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR, PART. OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLI-
CABLE FOR CLEANING AND DRYING OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
One part of this Invention relates to centrifugal machines for the manu-
facture of sugar, and for other purging, washing, and drying purposes.,

page_text: This part of the Invention comprises several improvements which
may be ured collectively, but certain of them may be used independently
of one another. Thus, it consists in a combination with the revolving
basket or perforated cylinder of a centrifugal machine of externally
arranged inner and outer gutters having a partition to separate them.
This partition is provided with guides, and is capable of rising and
falling. The revolving basket or perforated cylinder has combined with
it an outer shield or apron arranged to occupy only a given portion of
the depth of the basket from its top. By these several attachments and
combinations of devices increased facility is afforded for the separate
ejection from and passage through the substance (under treatment in
the machine) of two or more liquids of different descriptions, and for
the separate collection of such liquids after their ejection from the

page_text: for the purpose of draining the mass in the moulds of the cleansing
solution. The moulds in this improvement are first filled with the
sugar magma as it comes from the vacuum pan, and are then inserted
in the centrifugal machine, but do not require to be removed from the
latter, nor does the machine require to be stopped till the green syrup
has been expelled, the magma washed by the cleansing solution, and
drainage of the latter is effected. Heretofore it has been deemed
impossible to thus wash or cleanse the sugar magma in the moulds
within the centrifugal machine, or at least to perfectly do so, inasmuch
as the white sugar solution when ejected or sprayed against the sugar in
the moulds, while the latter (which are arranged to form a wall around
the interior of the basket of the centrifugal machine) rotate, with the
latter fails to reach and evenly penetrate the mass of sugar. The reason
for this has been the impossibility with the means heretofore adopted of
filling the moulds or forms to their extreme upper edge by reason of the
shrinkage of the mass in cooling and from other causes. Hence
supposing the moulds (thus partially filled) to be inserted within the
centrifugal machine and put into rapid revolution the internal pro-
jecting edges of the moulds due to the partial filling of the moulds will
catch the greater part of the washing solution, which then passes
through the sugar nearest to such edges, and restrain the solution from
reaching directly the inner surface of the sugar as evenly as is desirable
in order to obtain an evenly white mass of sugar. Such difficulties are
obviated by the present Invention by employing in connection with the
moulds containing the mass to be treated other and larger moulds or
boxes (when filling the former), and into which larger moulds the smaller
or sugar-moulds-are inserted before being filled with the sugar magma
as it comes from the vacuum pan.
Each outer or larger mould is constructed to receive snugly within it
the smaller or sugar mould, so that the latter may be readily inserted or
removed from the former, and the sugar will not be allowed to pass in
between them. The larger mould is somewhat deeper than the smaller
and inner one, thereby causing the edge of the outer mould to project
slightly above the edge of the inner mould. By means of this pro-
jecting edge of the outer mould the inner mould may be filled to above
its upper edge, the outer mould at the same time forming a second or
false bottom for the inner mould, and dispensing with a removable lid.or

page_text: bottom, also with the india-rubber packing thereto, and the clamps for
securing the same.
The general contour of the moulds may be varied, as may be desired
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
.
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there.
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SUGAR, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CLEANING AND
DRYING OTHER SUBSTANCES," being a communication to me from abroad by
John Otto Donner, of the Oity and State of New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
-

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do nereoy
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say) :-
One part of this Invention relates to centrifugal machines to be
employed in the manufacture of sugar and for other purging, washing,
and drying purposes.
This part of the Invention comprises several improvements which
may be used collectively, but certain of them may be used independently
of one another. Thus, it consists in a combination with the revolving
basket or perforated cylinder of a centrifugal machine of externally
arranged inner and outer gutters having a partition to separate them.
This partition is provided with guides and is capable of rising and
falling. The revolving basket or perforated cylinder has combined with
it an outer shield or apron arranged to occupy only a given portion of
the depth of the basket from its top. By these several attachments and
combinations of devices increased facility is afforded for the separate
ejection from and passage through the substance (under treatment in
the machine) of two or more liquids of different descriptions, and for
the separate collection of such liquids after their ejection from the
substance.
Another improvement in centrifugal machines consists in a com-
bination with the revolving basket or perforated cylinder of a ventilator
for sucking or conveying air or other gases into the machine, and to
force or expel the same towards and through the revolving peripherical
portion of the machine and-through-the-substance contained in the
latter. This ventilator attachment although mainly designed for the
purpose of wholly or partially drying by cold or hot air, hard sugar as
prepared in a centrifugal machine (before such sugar is taken out of the
machine and transferred to a stove or elsewhere), and although such
ventilator attachment, as well as the attachments or combinations of
devices herein-before referred to will here be described in connection
5 with the manufacture of sugar, yet the same may be applied with
advantage to treating or drying fibrous and other substances in a
centrifugal machine.

page_text: Another part of the Invention relates to the manufacture of hard
sugar within moulds in a centrifugal machine, and differs essentially
from those methods in which the moulds (while empty) are inserted
within the basket of the centrifugal machine and filled with the magma
of sugar syrup after the machine has been set in motion. It also equally
differs from another method in which the moulds are first filled with the
magma or sugar mass as it comes from the vacuum pan, and are after-
wards inserted in the centrifugal machine to effect the expulsion of the
green syrup, and then the moulds are removed from such machine, and
the cleansing or washing is effected by means outside of the centrifugal
machine, and subsequently the moulds are reinserted in the machine
for the purpose of draining the mass in the moulds of the cleansing
solution. The moulds in this improvement are first filled with the
sugar magma as it comes from the vacuum pan, and are then inserted
in the centrifugal machine, but do not require to be removed from the
latter, nor does the machine require to be stopped till the green syrup
has been expelled and the magma washed by the cleansing solution and
drainage of the latter is effected. Heretofore it has been deemed
impossible to thus wash or cleanse the sugar magma in the moulds
within the centrifugal machine, or at least to do so perfectly, inasmuch
as the white sugar solution when ejected or sprayed against the sugar
in the moulds while the latter (which are arranged to form a wall
around the interior of the basket of the centrifugal machine) rotate with
the latter fails to reach and evenly penetrate the mass of sugar. The
reason for this has been the impossibility with the means heretofore
adopted of filling the moulds or forms to their extreme upper edge by
reason of the shrinkage of the mass in cooling, and from other causes.
Hence supposing the moulds (thus partially filled) to be inserted within
the centrifugal machine and put into rapid revolution the internally pro-
jecting edges of the moulds due to the partial filling of the moulds will
catch the greater part of the washing solution, which then passes
through the sugar nearest to such edges and restrains the solution from
reaching directly the inner surface of the sugar as evenly as is desirable
in order to obtain an evenly white mass of sugar. Such difficulties are
obviated by the present Invention by employing in connection with the
moulds containing the mass to be treated other and larger moulds or
boxes (when filling the former), and into which larger moulds the smaller
or sugar moulds are inserted before being filled with the sugar magma
as it comes from the vacuum pan.

page_text: false bottom for the inner mould, and dispensing with a removable lid or
bottom, and also with the india-rubber packing thereto, and the clamps
for securing the same.
The general contour of the moulds may be varied, as may be desired
ór preferred.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 represents a vertical section
of a centrifugal machine, having the Invention applied thereto, and
with sugar moulds or boxes arranged therein; Fig. 2 is a plan of the
same.
Figures 8, 4, 5, and 6 are views in illustration of that part of the
Invention which relates to a novel construction and combination of
moulds for the manufacture of hard sugar by the centrifugal machine.
Fig. 8 is a plan and Fig. 4 a transverse vertical section of an
inner mould having an open bottom, and arranged within an outer
mould in illustration of the filling of the inner mould, and Figures 5
and 6 are similar views of a like arrangement of inner and outer moulds,
but showing the inner mould as having a perforated bottom.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing, A is
the revolving basket or perforated cylinder of a centrifugal sugar
machine having moulds B containing the sugar within it; C is the
vertical shaft for revolving the basket by means of a pulley D. The
basket A with its driving attachments are of the ordinary or any suitable
construction.
To separate the white cleansing solution used in manufacturing sugar
by the centrifugal process (when said solution is thrown off by the
centrifugal force, and after having passed through the sugar) from what
is known as the green syrup previously thrown off from the sugar by
the machine the following attachments are provided -The revolving

page_text: basket A has secured to its upper edge an outer apron, shield, or
curtain E arranged at a suitable distance from the periphery of the
basket, and of greater diameter below than above, also only of a depth
equal to a portion of the depth of the basket. This shield or curtain is
of a close construction and serves to pass any liquid ejected from the
sugar in the moulds and through the basket A down the interior of such
shield, so that it is finally thrown off below the bottom edge of the latter.
If this liquid be green syrup it is caused after its escape below the
bottom edge of the shield E to pass within and against a cylindrical
partition or case F surrounding the lower portion of the revolving ]
basket. This case or partition F (which may be of larger diameter than
the curtain E, and does not require to revolve in common with the
basket A) passes the syrup down into a gutter H in the bed or table I,
and from whence it is run off from pipes, as required.
Outside of the gutter H and case or partition F in the bed or table I 1
is another gutter J, which serves to collect and run off the white
solution passed through the sugar after the green syrup has been
expelled. To do this the cylindrical partition or case F is raised
sufficiently to allow of the white solution used in washing the sugar
(after passing the lower edge of the curtain E and exposed lower portion 2
of the basket A) meeting with no obstruction till it strikes the outer
fixed case or cylinder K, which conducts such solution down to the
gutter J.
If preferred (as is the case in the present instance) the partition or
case F may be raised to pass the green syrup, first into the outer gutter J, ?
and afterwards be lowered to pass the white or cleansing solution into
the inner gutter H. In either case however the two liquids or different
kinds of liquid ejected from or passing through the sugar are collected
for separate transfer into separate gutters or running-off devices.
The movable partition or case F instead of being made to rise and fall
in order to open and close may be opened and closed in other ways, but
it is preferred to have it rise and fall, and to this end the case has
attached to its upper edge, in two or more places, rods or guides L, L,
running downwards through openings in the bed I. Two opposite ones
of these guides L are connected by cross rods d, d, and a ring e which
rests on a fork f of a lever M, that may have a counterbalance g to
facilitate the raising (when required) of the partition or case F above
the lower edge of the shield E.

page_text: To dry the sugar or otherwise to carry out a drying operation on the
substance while revolving in a centrifugal machine the revolving
cylinder or basket A has combined with it a ventilator, which may be
variously constructed, as for instance, the revolving basket may be
provided with a close cover having open-mouthed bonnets or scoops on
it, arranged to take in the air and expel it by centrifugal action through
the sugar or substance within the inner periphery of the basket A, but
it is preferred to provide the revolving basket A with a cover O, Fig. 1,
having a central inlet or opening h, and to connect with the under side
thereof (or otherwise to arrange within the basket A) a number of
radial wings or fan blades i, which are made to rotate in common with
the basket, and which serve to force the air through the sugar.
Referring in the next instance, or more particularly so, to Figures 3,
4, 5, and 6 of the Drawing, by way of describing that part of the Inven-
tion which relates to the manufacture of hard sugar by the centrifugal
machines, this improvement consists in the use in combination with the
moulds containing the sugar magma of supplementary moulds or outer
boxes, the former moulds occupying an inner relation to the supple-
mentary moulds during filling. B, B', are the inner moulds, and S, S', the
outer moulds. When the mould B¹ is used the outer mould 8¹ has a
straight bottom like the inner mould, but without perforations in it.
When the mould B is used the bottom of the outer mould S is
segmental in conformity with the curvature of the basket of the
centrifugal machine.
If desired an inner mould of reverse tapering shape to the mould B
may be used, and the bottom of the outer mould have also a segmental
bottom, as in the case of the mould S, but this construction or arrange-
ment would require the use of tapering blocks. between the sides of the
inner and outer moulds to prevent waste of sugar by the magma passing
down between the moulds, so that the blocks filling the vacant spaces
between the sides of the mould virtually make a close fit of the moulds,
the one within the other.
The moulds may be made of iron, copper, or any other suitable
material, and their interior surfaces be painted or enamelled; their
shape may be varied, as also their sizes.
The mould B' having a perforated bottom does not require the centri-
fugal machine to be provided with a sieve or perforated plate, but a

page_text: skeleton machine for receiving the moulds within and around it with the
perforated bottoms of the moulds arranged outwards will answer. When
however open-bottom moulds, such for instance as the mould B are used,
then the centrifugal machine should be provided with a perforated plate
covering the interior of the basket, against which the moulds are
placed, or in other words be provided with a revolving perforated
cylinder.
The operation is as follows:-A number of inner moulds are inserted
within their respective outer and deeper moulds and filled with the sugar
magma as it comes from the vacuum pan, with a surplus of such magma
within the upper part of the outer mould so as to cover for about one-
eighth of an inch, more or less, the upper edges of the inner mould, as
shewn in Figures 4 and 6. The mass is then allowed to cool and
harden, after which the inner mould together with the sugar is knocked
out or otherwise removed from the outer mould. The surface of the
hardened mass of sugar is then scraped down to as near a level with the
edge of the inner mould as practicable, whereby an even weight in all
the moulds is better secured and the sugar better prepared for further
operation. A number of these inner filled moulds are then inserted as
usual around the inner basket of a centrifugal machine, as shown in
Fig. 2, and the green syrup is removed by centrifugal force, after which
the cleansing process, by means of a white saturated solution of sugar, is
applied without stopping the machine or removing the moulds. Such
cleansing is evenly effected (by reason of the method herein-before
described of filling the moulds) through the aid of the outer boxes or
supplementary moulds, inasmuch as the sugar contained in the moulds
which are inserted in the machine forms one unbroken wall towards the
interior of the centrifugal machine free from any protrusion of the edges
of the moulds, so that as the cleansing solution is ejected or sprayed
against it the sugar will be reached directly, and the solution be caused
to penetrate the same as evenly as applied without being caught in its
progress by projecting edges of the moulds.
After the washing or cleansing has been effected the cleansing
solution is thrown off or drained from the sugar by the continued or
repeated action of the centrifugal machine, which latter is then stopped
and the moulds with the sugar are removed. The moulds with their
contents are then either taken directly to the drying room or stove, or
the sugar is knocked out of the moulds and is alone transferred to be

page_text: dried, leaving the moulds ready for another filling and operation, as
before.
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
1
First. The combination in a centrifugal machine (with the revolving
basket or perforated cylinder) of externally arranged inner and outer
gutters, and a partition for separating them, essentially as and for the
purpose herein set forth.
Second. The movable partition or case F having guides L, and con-
structed to rise and fall in combination with the inner and outer
gutters J, H, and the revolving basket or perforated cylinder A, as
herein set forth.
Third. The combination with the revolving basket or perforated
cylinder A of the shield or curtain E, as and for the purpose berein
set forth.
Fourth. In the manufacture of hard sugar by the centrifugal machine
I claim the use in combination with the moulds containing the sugar
magma of supplementary moulds or outer boxes, each of which is con-
structed to form a false bottom to its respective inner mould during the
filling of the latter, and is of greater depth than the inner mould to
insure the perfect filling of the latter, substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.