matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASKS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Smith and William
Fletcher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st December 1864.
We, CHARLES SMITH, of Brinscombe, in the County of Gloucester, Brewer,
and WILLIAM FLETCHER, of Bath, in the County of Somerset, Hop Mer-
chant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CASKS," to be as follows:-
This improvement relates to the manufacture of casks for brewing and
other similar purposes; these casks have hitherto been invariably made of
oak wood which is not only expensive in the first place, but the casks so
made unless passed through tedious processes of seasoning are liable to impart
both objectionable color and flavor to the liquids contained in them. Our
Invention therefore consists in obviating these objections by the manufacture
of such casks from the wood of the ash; this wood gives no color or flavor to
the contents, is much cheaper in the first instance, and it is also tougher and
not so liable to be damaged by rough usage. In preparing the ash for the
manufacture into casks we find it is desirable to saw the wood into lengths
proportionate to the sizes of staves desired, and divide such lengths into
quarters, finally cutting the staves from each quarter; by this means we
obviate leakage in the cask, as the surface presented will be smooth and free
from pores. Casks made according to our Invention may be used immediately
after their manufacture, whilst the ordinary casks require invariably a further
seasoning before being put into use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Casper Jochim Wilhelm Machon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th September 1864. A communication from abroad by Otto Lan-
genbeck and Fritz Langenbeck, both of Barmen, in the Kingdom of
Prussia.
I, CASPER JOCHIM WILHELM MACHON, of Gresham Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," (a communication to me from abroad by Otto Lan-
genbeck and Fritz Langenbeck, both of Barmen, in the Kingdom of Prussia),
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a stuff or fabric from which may
be made a crinoline having one seam only, and reversible. The loom used
is on the jacquard system, but by a novel arrangement the fabric is woven
longer on one side than on the other, measuring on one side, (say) 1 yard, and
on the other 3 yards. The pockets for the steel are woven with the fabric,
and consequently the steel may be pushed in, and the skirt be worn either
side outward. The weaving of this improved fabric is illustrated on the
accompanying Diagram, and is effected as follows:-1. The warp consists of
from about 60 to 70 parts, each of which can be regulated and worked by
an ordinary regulator, so that for instance, the first part on the top side a
(see Diagram), works least, and each part works gradually more and more
unto the last part at the bottom side b, which works most. 2. The shuttle does

page_text: not always pass from one side to the other, but only through so much of the
warp as may be requisite to obtain the desired width at top and bottom of
skirt, which can only be obtained by arranging the warp in a certain number
of parts, each of which may be regulated independently of the other as will
be easily understood on reference to the Diagram, where the woof is marked c.
3. In order to obtain a skirt stuff of the desired proportions the beam d of
the loom is shaped in the same proportions as the fabric it is desired to
obtain, and by means of an ordinary regulator is driven as quickly as the stuff
requires weft: If in lieu of a conical or lamp shade shaped skirt piece, a
bell-shaped skirt be desired, it is only necessary to give such shape to the
beam, and regulate the journey of the shuttle accordingly as the weft can be
carried up to any part warp. Thus a conical or other shaped piece of stuff
can be woven in one seamless piece of any width, length, proportions, dimen-
sions, and shape, and it will only be necessary to pass the steel into the
pockets, and fasten two ends together to form a crinoline.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wallace at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1864.
I, JOHN WALLACE, of Haldane's Mill, near Alexandria, in the County
of Dumbarton, North Britain, Smith and Agricultural Implement Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention comprises various improvements in reaping machines and
relating to the draught details, to the delivery arrangements, and to the cutting
knife.
In a modification embodying the improvements relating to the draught a
wooden bar is connected by metal framing to the gland or bow of the swivel-
ling fore wheel, and to this bar are jointed or hooked the chain traces for one
or two horses. Each breeching is connected to the traces on either side,
and a tube is put over the chain trace so as to extend from the breeching con-
nection back to the bar. Or, instead of the tube a long link or rod may be
substituted for the chain at that part of the traces. The tubes or rods enable
the horse to back the machine without side poles.
The improvement in the delivery consists in employing a self-acting tilting
board which receives the cut crop, and instead of merely oscillating makes
a complete half turn at suitable intervals. The board may be driven directly
from the axle of the driving wheel or wheels, such axle having fixed on it a

page_text: wheel with teeth on only a portion or portions of its circumference and gearing
with a toothed wheel on the spindle of the board.
The improvements relating to the cutting knife consist in attaching the
knife plates to the knife bar so as to overhang the inner side thereof, and in
placing bars across the fingers for the under side of the knife plates themselves
to rest and work upon and without the bottom of the knife bar touching the
fingers, the object being to make more sure of the knife working close down
upon the fingers. The inner edge of the knife may be arranged to work close
against the finger bar, or a small space may be left for matters to drop
through.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORDNANCE AND FIRE- ARMS, AND IN PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Aisthorpe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1864.
I, JOHN AISTHORPE, of Lee Terrace, Roman Road, Old Ford, in the
County of Middlesex, Gunmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORDNANCE AND FIRE-
ARMS, AND IN PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in rifling ordnance and
small arms, and in the construction or form of projectiles applicable thereto.
I propose to make the bore of the gun of a polygonal form or section, with
such a number of sides as to approach nearly to a circle, the alternate sides
of the polygon being left equal, and those between them being slightly grooved
along each angle so as to leave a narrow side between the two grooves, which
should be cut not with sharp edges but with curved or segmental indentations
so as not to cut or tear the lead of the projectile, or cause wear of bore either
in small arms where leaden projectiles are used, or in ordnance where iron
or steel headed projectiles are used. The projectiles are of course formed for
large guns or ordnance to suit or fit the form of the improved rifling, although
in rifles, whether muzzle or breech loaders, made with this polygonal bore
the common Enfield rifle bullet may be used. In large guns iron projectiles
coated with lead, tin, or other soft metal or alloy may be used. The cross
section of a projectile suited to this improved form of rifling will shew a
polygon of unequal sides alternately, the extra width of the larger sides

page_text: causing the small sides of the polygon to appear slightly recessed, and the
edges of the wider sides to project and take the grooves of the rifling. These
edges are gradually eased down to the small sides so as to present a curved
or arched form of ridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR DAMPING PAPER USED IN COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1864. A communication from abroad by Claude Maric Bathias, Civil
Engineer, and Pierre Théodore Notin, Accountant, both of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, and 12, Rue des Jeuneurs, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of thre said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR DAMPING PAPER USED IN COPYING LETTERS
AND OTHER PAPERS," to be as follows:-
For copying business and other letters, written documents or designs, a
sheet of thin paper previously damped is usually placed on the letter, when
by pressing the two together an impression is obtained on the thin paper
transferred from the writing of the letter or other document.
The thin paper is usually damped by hand with a sponge, cloth, or other-
wise, which is a comparatively lengthy operation, while the paper is never
damped in a uniform nanner nor to the extent desired, thus causing the
letter or document to be either imperfectly copied or smeared during the
pressure.
This Invention relates to an improved damping roller, the use of which
obviates all the above inconveniences; it consists of a roller covered with

page_text: leather or any suitable fabric, and furnished with a handle and frame. This
roller absorbs and contains a certain amount of water, and is passed over the
whole surface of the paper to be damped; the roller itself having been pre-
viously damped by passing it over a wet pad. The whole is enclosed in a box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCARFS FOR THE NECK
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tucker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1864.
I, HENRY TUCKER, of the Firm of Tucker Brothers, of Wood Street, in the
City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCARFS FOR THE NECK," to be as follows:-
My improvements in scarfs for the neck refer to those scarfs which are
made up with a knot and fronts, and are as follows:-To the back of the
knot, which is formed in the ordinary manner, I attach a flap, in which a
diagonal aperture is formed, and through which the band after being carried
round the neck is passed. The flap folds against the back of the knot in such
manner that by turning over the flap the position of the fronts and the knot is
altered, and consequently I thus obtain a scarf the position of the edges of
which are reversed, or in other words that edge which was on the inside
becomes outside, and vice versa. The neck band has eyelet or other holes
formed in it, so that when the band has been passed through the diagonal.
aperture in the flap, and its length adjusted to the neck, a corresponding.
eyelet is passed over a hook attached to the flap, and the scarf is thereby.
firmly secured to the neck of the wearer. I prefer to form the aperture-in
the flap in a diagonal direction in order that the band may be inserted with

page_text: greater facility than when the aperture is straight, and that when it is thus
inserted it may be more secure. In some cases I dispense with the eyelet
holes and hooks, as the scarf will be found secure to a certain extent without
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ARTIFICIAL WAX
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1864. A communication from abroad by. Jules Moutier, Professor,
Lambert Dietzenbacher, Chemist, and Abraham Worms, Merchant, all
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ARTIFICIAL WAX," to be as
follows:-
Red
Stearic wax is an artificial wax forming the principal element of the
material employed in the manufacture of stearine candles, and known by the
name of stearic acid, of which it is principally composed.. According to this
Invention I produce stearic wax by melting together at a moderate heat 200
parts of stearic acid, 100 parts of resin, 100 parts of yellow ochre, and 20
parts of common soap. The matter on cooling is then run into moulds.
wax may be produced by substituting red ochre for the yellow ochre above
mentioned. These two kinds of wax may be usefully employed for rubbing
furniture, floors, and for other purposes. By substituting other coloring
matters, especially lampblack, for the ochres, I may produce various kinds of
wax, of which the black kind may be employed with advantage for preserving
and waxing leathers. For ordinary leather unglazed I compose a wax of
300 parts of stearic acid, 40 parts of resin, and 40 parts of common soap,
adding a sufficient amount of -lampblack. For glazed leather prepare

page_text: another quality of wax, consisting of 100 parts of stearic acid, 20 parts of
resin-and lampblack.
I do not confine myself to the exact proportions of the ingredients above
enumerated in the manufacture of stearic wax, the Invention consisting in the
application of fatty acids and resin for the manufacture of a material similar
to wax or artificial wax.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD CYLINDERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hughes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1864.
I, JAMES HUGHES, of No. 11, Wellington Place, Wellington Street,
Bethnal Green, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD CYLINDERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in jacquard cylinders. In
jacquard cylinders there is on each face of the cylinder and at each end
thereof a peg called a card peg, which, as the cylinder revolves, enters
corresponding holes in the cards, and the cards as they come up in
succession are thus kept accurately in place on the faces of the cylinder..
These card pegs have heretofore been rigidly fixed into the faces of the
cylinder, and hence it results that should the cards get off the pegs, as
sometimes happens in rapid working, the card is injured at the next motion
of the cylinder up to the needle board, the peg being pushed through the
card at whatever part of the card happens to be opposite to it. Or in a
similar manner the peg hole in the card may be injured, and if the card
be still worked, the fabric which is being woven, and perhaps also the
jacquard needles, become injured. Also if the peg holes in the cards.
should be slightly too small, or if the cards should be slightly out of.
that is to say, too long or too short between the peg holes, the peg holes
become injured; and besides this, the cards may become jammed on the.
gauge,

page_text: pegs, and then lap around the cylinder, thereby hindering the work, if no
further damage results. To escape these inconveniences, I employ pegs,
by preference of metal, and so arranged that they can recede into the cylinder
when pressed upon, and the pegs have springs which keep them projecting
out from the faces of the cylinder, except when the pegs are pressed on
sufficiently to overcome the springs. When the cards are in their proper
places, and if they are correctly made as respects the size of the peg holes
and the gauge, the pegs work as if they were the ordinary rigid pegs, but if
the cards get off the pegs, or if the peg holes are too small, or the guage
incorrect, then the pegs will recede more or less as may be required, in
preference to injuring the cards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1864.
I, JOHN WEBSTER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Overlooker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of forming the selvedges or edges of fabrics
when weaving two or more pieces of fabrics side by side in the same loom,
and the improvements consist in the application of instruments which are
actuated by the movement of the loom to cut the weft thread or threads
betwixt the two fabrics, and to draw or push the ends into the next shed, one
end into each piece respectively, consequently forming a loop of each thread
of weft around the edging threads of the warp, each of the ends being turned
into and secured in the fabric. To the breast beam or other convenient part
of the loom I attach a bracket, projecting to and betwixt each of the intended
two or more pieces, carrying a knife or a cutting instrument adjustable to the
cloth, or to that part of the warp where the weft is beat up to, also carrying
a pair of hookers which pass betwixt some of the warp threads after the new
shed is opened, and take hold on the shoot of weft at each side of the knife
which is thereby cut, and the hooks returning to the original position draw or
push the ends of the weft into the shed, and which is then secured at the
next shoot and beat up of the weft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR TREATING VEGETABLE FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1864. A communication from abroad by Hubert Dupré, Gentleman,
29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR TREATING VEGETABLE FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of vegetable textile materials, and
especially of flax and hemp, with a view to obtain products analogous to silk,
wool, and cotton.
The Invention comprises a peculiar method of retting the above matters;
especially flax and hemp, and also the further transformation of said matters,
including the waste, into silk, wool, and cotton. By the aid of this improved
retting process I obtain in a quarter of an hour the complete dissolution of
the mucilaginous and resinous gummy substances uniting the fibres together,
which are not injured by the agents employed for this purpose; the matters.
are steeped in a bath of muriatic or sulphuric acids marking two degrees,.
which is allowed to boil for, a quarter of an hour, and are then exposed-for
about an hour in a running stream of water, which effectually separates the
textile fibres from all foreign matters, at same time retaining all the strength,
suppleness, and elasticity of the fibre. The method of converting the fibres
and waste into wool and cotton consists in steeping them in a caustic lye

page_text: marking eight degrees, which is kept in ebullition for about forty-five minutes,
after which the matters under treatment are washed, and again boiled in a
soapy liquid for about a quarter of an hour, being lastly rinsed in running water.
By this simple and inexpensive method hemp and flax, after being retted as
described, on being carded in any suitable manner present the appearance of
the rarest qualities of wool and cotton suitable for the manufacture of the best
and finest fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS (CONSISTING OF A DIFFERENTIAL MOTION) APPLICABLE TO SCREW JACKS, SCREW BEARS, AND PUNCHING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Muir at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October 1864.
I, ANDREW MUIR, of the City of London, and of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer and Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS (CONSISTING OF A
DIFFERENTIAL MOTION) APPLICABLE TO SCREW JACKS, SCREW BEARS, AND PUNCHING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of screw or lifting jack in which
the screw is caused to rise and fall by rotary motion being imparted to a
worm wheel by an endless worm, which worm wheel encircles the screw, and
has a corresponding female thread to the screw cut through its boss, and so
forms the nut which works against a suitable bearing in the interior of the
body of the jack.
Now these improvements consist in. constructing the worm wheel for
actuating the screw in two parts or discs, one part forming the female screw
or nut in the ordinary manner, and the other part, being bored out so as to
slide over the thread of the screw, has a key imbedded in its central hole or
bore, which slides in a key bed or groove cut longitudinally down the screw,
and is thereby prevented from turning without turning the screw at the same
time, whilst the screw itself may work up and down in the ordinary manner.
These parts or discs, when together, resemble a single ordinary worm wheel,
but the part which forms the female nut is constructed with one or more
teeth or cogs, more or less, than the other part, so that when geared into and

page_text: actuated by a single endless worm one part causes the screw to rise or fall,
whilst the other turns the screw almost as fast or a little faster in the
opposite direction, thereby obtaining a differential motion, by which an
indefinite amount of power is gained.
These improvements are equally applicable to such screw bears and 5
punching machines as work with a screw and worm gear in the same manner
as the ordinary screw jack herein-before described, but the application of the
improvements is precisely the same.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF POTTERY, SUCH AS PIPES, TILES, HOLLOW BRICKS, AND THE LIKE.
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Brown, of Poole, in the County of Dorset,
Mechanic, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF CYLINDERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF POTTERY, SUCH AS
PIPES, TILES, HOLLOW BRICKS, AND THE LIKE.
"
Sealed the 9th June 1865, and dated the 16th December 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1864.
I, GEORGE BROWN, of Poole, in the County of Dorset, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF CYLINDERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF POTTERY, SUCH
AS PIPES, TILES, HOLLOW BRICKS, AND THE LIKE," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the cylinders through which the clay or other plastic substance
passes after leaving the pug mill, and prior to its being manufactured into
pipes, tiles, hollow bricks, or other articles, are formed with an even or smooth
surface. Now my Invention consists in forming the internal surface of the
cylinders, and through which the clay passes, with a series of ribs, grooves, or
projections thereon, set by preference in a spiral form, and arranged at distances

page_text: apart according to the quality of the clay under treatment. By fitting or
making the cylinders with ribs, grooves, or projections in this manner I find
that the clay is driven or forced through the cylinder by the ordinary screw
with much greater facility and effect than when the surface of the cylinder is
smooth.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE PASSENGERS IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE TO ATTRACT THE ATTENTION OF THE GUARD AND DRIVER WHEN REQUIRED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dowley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1864.
I, WILLIAM DOWLEY, of Southampton, in the County of Hants, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR ENABLING THE PASSENGERS IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE TO ATTRACT THE ATTENTION
OF THE GUARD AND DRIVER WHEN REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for enabling the passengers in &
railway carriage to attract the attention of the guard and driver when
required consists in adapting a lamp or visible signal to a vertical rod or
tube which is capable of being pushed up by means of a strong spring so that
the lamp may be seen above the roof of the carriage.
In carrying out my Invention the lamp used for the purpose may either be
a special one, provided, if desired, with a coloured light or coloured glass, or
one of the ordinary roof lamps may be used; in the latter case a cage or
frame to hold the ordinary lamp is placed at the upper end of the vertical rod
or tube, and this tube is enclosed within another tube which is fixed in the
partition of the compartment. The lamp and rod are kept down by means
of a spring catch or a bayonet joint, or other analogous or suitable mechanism,
which may be acted on by a lever worked by a handle or stud placed at any
convenient part of the compartment, and immediately this stud or handle is
forced back and the rod released it will rise up with the lamp, which will thus
be exposed to view above the roof. In combination with this visible signal I

page_text: employ an audible signal, consisting of a bell, which will be sounded by clock-
work set in motion by the same movement of the handle which released the
vertical rod from the spring catch, and allowed it to spring up; or the
audible signal may be produced by means of a whistle sounded by a blast of
compressed air contained in any suitable vessel placed beneath the seat or in
any other convenient part of the carriage. The air is admitted to the whistle.
through a cock that is turned on by the vertical tube in the act of rising, or
in any other convenient manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cumming at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1864.
I, JAMES CUMMING, of the Great Western Road, Glasgow, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preventing sewing machines having
a backward motion imparted to them. For this purpose a lever stop is
combined with a wheel of the machine in the following manner :-The lever
stop is somewhat heavier at one end than at the other, and the stop is so
placed with reference to the wheel that one end of the lever rests against the
periphery, or it might be the side of the wheel, or against a strap or band as
it passes around the wheel. When the wheel is rotating in the right direction
it keeps the lever stop a little removed from the shortest line between the
surface of the wheel and the centre on which the lever stop turns, but should
the wheel receive a reverse impulse it brings the lever stop in towards the
shortest line and so locks or wedges the wheel. The lever stop may also be
actuated by a slight spring instead of by weights as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY FUZES FOR BLASTING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
October 1864.-A communication from abroad by Thomas Hunter
Walton, of Ashland, in the State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY FUZES FOR BLASTING," to be
as follows:-
The fuze which forms the subject of the present Invention is intended for
use by miners and others in blasting coal, rock ore, and in other similar uses,
and is intended as a substitute for the metal barrel fuze, the flexible fuze, and
other kinds.
This fuze, which I call an improved safety blasting fuze, is made by
ploughing a narrow groove in a strip of wood, which may be round or of any
other form, and of any desirable length and dimensions. The groove may be
of any suitable shape. A train of gunpowder or a common fuze, or any of
their substitutes, such for instance as gun cotton, is placed at the bottom of.
the groove, and it is covered. and protected by laying over it in the groove
any waterproof material such as oakum, tarred cord, pitch, or any other
suitable material or any combination of such materials. One end of the fuze
is to be inserted in or otherwise connected to the cartridge, and the other end

page_text: is to be supplied with a slow match which is secured in the groove. The
slow match projects from the fuze a sufficient distance for safe operation,
and when a blast is to be fired in any wet situation this fuze is to be inserted in
a. waterproof cartridge and the joint made water-tight. The cartridge and
fuze are then placed in the drilled hole and tamped in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING SHOP FRONTS OR OTHER KINDRED PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1864.-A communication from Frederic Barnett, Merchant,
residing at Paris, 164, Rue de Rivoli.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, of 149, Boulevart Magenta, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING SHOP FRONTS OR OTHER KINDRED
PURPOSES," a communication from Frederic Barnett, Merchant, a person
resident at Paris, 164, Rue de Rivoli, to be as follows:-
By my improved system I propose lighting the places desired without
exposing to the eye the damaging glare of the flame in such a manner that
the effect and not the cause may be evident, with the advantage that no
fitting will be seen by the spectator, and the whole effect of the lighting
remain unmarred.
A is a shop front or other place required to be lighted; B, B, are angular
reflectors placed vertically or otherwise, as may best attain the desired result.
The reflectors branch off from each other at an angle of about 60 degrees.
It would be desirable for the inner surfaces C, C, of same to be of the best
reflecting nature. These angular reflectors should be so disposed in the front
corresponding with the frames or in the angles as to attain the effect of
masking the light from the observer's sight, while the luminosity will be pro-
jected on the necessary objects and places. In the interior of these reflectors

page_text: the lights, if by gas or other illuminating material, will be arranged. The
front faces D, D, D, D, exposed to the spectator can be embellished by
looking-glass or other ornamentation, so as to conceal the angular pieces in
which the lighting power is eliminated.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS OR BLOCKS FOR USE IN THE FORMATION OF ARCHES FROM CLAY, ARTIFICIAL STONE, OR OTHER SIMILAR PLASTIC MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davidson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1864.
I, JOHN DAVIDSON, of No. 1, Temple Street, Blackfriars, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS OR BLOCKS FOR USE IN THE FORMATION OF
ARCHES FROM CLAY, ARTIFICIAL STONE, OR OTHER SIMILAR PLASTIC MATERIALS, AND
IN THE APPARATUS USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to such bricks or blocks as are used in the building
or formation of arches, whether of an elliptical, circular, or other form.
Bricks or blocks employed for such purposes have hitherto been cut or formed
by hand from bricks or blocks of the ordinary shape, and have been con-
sequently more or less imperfect in form.
Now my Invention consists, firstly, in casting or moulding such bricks or
blocks in moulds of a suitable form, whereby such bricks or blocks are at
once made in the precise taper form required for the particular arch to be
built, so that each brick or block acts as a key stone, and the arch is much
more perfect in form and stronger in construction than arches built in the
ordinary manner.

page_text: My Invention consists, secondly, in moulding or casting such bricks or
blocks by means of moulds, the top and bottom of which are mounted upon
pivots or hinges, and furnished with a screw or screws, by means of which
they can be set at any requisite angle to each other, so that bricks or
blocks of any required degree of taper may be made in the same mould.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ambrose at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1864.
I, EDWARD AMBROSE, of Burnard Terrace, Cornwall Place, Holloway, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and
manufacture of umbrellas, the object being to enable them to be folded or
doubled together in a small compass, say to about one-third their length. I
propose to form the ribs with a joint or hinge at or near the middle of each, or
to connect the two parts by a link, such joints being covered by a ferrule or
short tube made to fit the rib and hold the two parts firmly in one length. To
each ferrule a string or wire is attached passing upwards through a small
wheel near the end of the stick, and connected to a ring above the wheel, which
ring, when pulled, moves the ferrules from the joints in the ribs, and thus
allows of their being folded or doubled back. The strings may also be put
through a ring below the wheel and fixed to one which is led through a small
ring at the rib end of one of the stretchers, and then attached to the runner
which when pulled will also move the ferrules from the joints in the ribs. A
small piece of spring wire encircling the rib is put between the ferrule and
the eye on the rib, which meets the stretcher, which spring will push the
furrule over the joint as soon as the rib falls into its place from its doubled
position. The stretchers may have an elbow joint (only to close one way,)

page_text: without a ferrule or with a ferrule and spring as with the ribs; if the latter,
the springs from the ferrules can be led through the wheel part of the runner
and fixed to a ring round the other part of runner, which, when pulled, will
move the ferrules from the joints so that the stretchers may be doubled-up
under the top part of the ribs towards the wheel. There may be different
handles to double up in three or more, besides the short piece above the wheel.
Firstly, the joints may be covered with a long ferrule to be made smooth and
to fit tightly so that the runner may pass over them. Secondly, the joints may
be worked by a spring similar to the back of a pocket knife. Thirdly, the
joints may be screwed together and the parts coupled with a string.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRESHING AND DRESSING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wallis and William
Drewett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th September 1864.
We, ARTHUR WALLIS, of the Firm of Wallis, Haslam, and Steevens, of
Basingstoke, in the County of Hants, and WILLIAM DREWETT, junior, of
Luton, in the County of Bedford, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRESHING AND DRESSING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to that description of combined threshing and
dressing machines or of dressing machines only in which the chaff and grain
fall from the caving riddle on to a chaffing riddle below, where the chaff is
separated from the grain by means of a winnower or blast fan. In ordinary
machines the chaff after being separated from the grain is allowed to be
blown out of the machine on to the ground; it has, however, been proposed
to collect the chaff in a perforated passage that lets out the dust and that
conducts the chaff to a "Jacob's ladder" elevator, which raises it to a spout,
whence it falls into sacks, and it has also been proposed to raise the chaff in
a similar manner by means of a blast of air taken from the winnowing fan
under the machine.
Now our Invention consists, firstly, in elevating the chaff after separation
from the grain into an upper chamber by means of a current of air produced
by an exhaust, or by the joint action of a blast and an exhaust; and, secondly,
in freeing the chaff from dust whilst in such upper chamber before passing

page_text: thence into sacks. For this purpose the chaff is blown by the winnower into
a closed box or chamber, whence it is elevated into the upper chamber through
a shoot or passage by means of an exhaust produced by a rotary fan situated
in or in communication with the upper chamber and with the shoot or passage.
The chaff is thrown by the action of the exhaust fan against a grating or sieve
in the side of the upper chamber, which sieve allows the dust and wind to
pass into the open air but retains the chaff, which then falls through a spout
into sacks; or in some cases we assist the action of the exhaust fan by means
of a blast from below, produced by a separate blowing fan communicating
with the lower closed chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dannatt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August 1864.
I, ROBERT DANNATT, of Great Waltham, in the County of Essex, Farmer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to ploughs and other implements for cultivating the
soil, and consists in the application of certain cutting parts to the shares of
those implements.
The shares of ploughs and other implements as usually made simply slice
or cut the surface in a horizontal direction, and with a view to separate the
upper from the lower soil in the case of the plough, such soil being afterwards
inverted by the mould board almost in a solid mass, while in broad shares,
scarifiers, or cultivator, the soil is left to be broken up at a subsequent opera-
tion, and not being so pulverized at once, often becomes soddened down again
by rain or damp.
Now according to my Invention, I fix on or form in a piece with the share
one or more vertical cutters, by preference three or four in a plough, with mould
board, which cutters sever the soil in a vertical direction simultaneously with
its severance horizontally by the share; by these means the soil is thoroughly
broken up at one operation. In order that the soil shall keep its proper position
to be turned over by the mould board of the plough I prefer to form a series
of ribs on the mould board, formed in continuation of the cutters of the share.

page_text: 1 form the upright cutters on the share with sharp cutting edges, and by pre-
ference inclined backwards, or they may be of a curved form. I provide the
shares of scarifying instruments and cultivators with like vertical cutters, applying
a greater or lesser number according to the breadth of the instrument, as for
instance, there may be six, seven, or more on a broad share implement, and
two or three only on a share of narrow dimensions, a number of which are
usually combined in one implement. To the shares of scarifying or paring
implements I further attach at the rear of each share an inclined plate or
heel piece, which raises the soil up, and over which it passes after being cut
up by the share as described.
In ploughs I dispose a wheel near the heel and under the mould board,
which follows on the track cut by the share, this wheel removes part of the
pressure from the sole of the plough and can be adjusted to regulate the depth
of the ploughing, it also facilitates turning at the headlands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fagg and Jesse Fagg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
23rd December 1864.
We, THOMAS FAGG and JESSE FAGG, both of Panton Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Bootmakers, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of boots and
shoes, whereby greater facility of adjustment to the foot, and ease to the
wearer, are afforded than by boots and shoes as heretofore constructed.
We propose to continue or extend the vamp or fore part of the boot or
shoe to form a lappet or outer tongue or flap, with or without a seam across
the vamp; the hind part or ankle piece of the boot being open in front,
meets over the instep, and is covered by the above-named tongue or flap, and
is secured thereto by a flat lace on each side passing through semicircular
metal loops on the edges of the flap and on the body of the hind part. By
these arrangements there is no central lacing over the instep, which is apt to

page_text: hurt the foot in walking; the laces being brought from the sides round the
back of the boot, and thence tied in front. The laces are kept from slipping
over the top of the boot by a small tab or projection on the front and back of
the boot.
A KIND OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM FORMING A NEW METHOD OF PUBLICITY, OR PHOTOGRAPHIC AND COMMERCIAL PROPAGATOR,
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1864.-A communication from abroad by Jules Abelous, of
No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A KIND OF
PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM FORMING A NEW METHOD OF PUBLICITY, OR PHOTOGRAPHIC AND
COMMERCIAL PROPAGATOR," (a communication to me from abroad by Jules
Abelous, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France,) to be as
follows:-
This album will contain, firstly, photographic pictures either of illustrious
personages, artists, reproductions of ancient or modern paintings, drawings,
and engravings, carriages, horses, objects of art, merchandise, shops, work-
shops, private houses, public edifices, and establishments, factories, and new
Inventions; secondly, inscriptions placed on the drawings or around them on
the margins behind and facing the photographs, which will be pasted or other-
wise secured in the album which will be designated the photographic and
commercial propagator. One or more photographs may be placed on
each leaf of the album; these photographs may be square, round, oval,

page_text: octagonal, hexagonal, or triangular, at pleasure. The album to be of any
form which may be found suitable, in folio, quarto, octavo, 12mo, or other of
any desired thickness, and the binding to vary in design and colour at
pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hartley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1864.
I, CHARLES HARTLEY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of index machine or shedding
apparatus in which the treadles or sliding cross bars act upon the rods
attached to the healds by means of oscillating catch bars with hooked ends
pivoted on studs fixed to the rods, and vibrated so as to throw one of the
hooked ends of each of them within the sweep of its corresponding treadle.
I cause the aforesaid catch bars to be shifted by a tappet provided with two
arms, one for being acted upon the pattern chain, and the other provided with
a weight so that when the tappet shifts one hook on to one treadle it remains
there as long as required, after which the weight takes that hook off and shifts
the other hook on to the other treadle. And I also place on the rods projec-
tions which as the rods move up and down come between the catch bars and
tappet and maintain each hook in its place until a change is required. Or I
employ for the same purpose a comb having its teeth behind the catch bars
so that as a rod rises the catch bar upon it comes in contact with its corres-
ponding tooth, and thereby maintains the hook upon the treadle. These rods
are connected to the healds for raising and depressing the shed according to
the desired pattern of the fabric, and one of the rods is employed for raising

page_text: and depressing a lever for working a drop box containing two or more shuttles
and one of the rods is also employed for actuating the ratchet click or catch
of the taking-up apparatus. In order to give motion to the treadles I employ
eccentrics, the rods of which are connected to one end of double levers, the
"other ends of which are connected to the treadles, so that as the eccentrics
revolve the rods and levers move to and fro and raise the treadles up and
down alternately.
Ax IMPROVED WASHING AND SCRUBBING COMPOUND
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Surflen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1864.
I, ALBERT SURFLEN, of 4, South Crescent, Bedford Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED WASHING AND SCRUBBING COMPOUND," to be as follows:-
Cut one hundredweight of soap into small pieces, boil in a copper until
melted, having ready in another copper a quarter of a hundredweight of
soda, twelve pounds of rosin, half a pound of ammonia, half a pound of borax,
and three-quarters of a pound of salts of tartar, with fourteen gallons of
water, boil until all is dissolved into a liquid, then add it to the melted soap,
boil for a quarter of an hour, cast into moulds, and let cool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE BARS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arena Martin and Edward
Wylam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th March 1864.
We, WILLIAM ARENA MARTIN and EDWARD WYLAM, both of No. 18, Cannon
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE BARS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the combination of wrought-iron or steel bars with
cast-iron rocking furnace bars (by preference with those constructed under
Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the 28th of September,
A.D. 1860, No. 2351). This we do in such manner that that part of the furnace
bar which is in contact with the fuel shall be of wrought iron or steel, whereby
greater durability is obtained, while the lower part to which is attached the
gearing for producing the rocking motion is constructed as heretofore of cast
iron. We propose to effect this by reducing the depth of the bars as at
present constructed about one half, or constructing new bars of about
the same proportions as the said reduced bars, and in either case placing
upon their upper surfaces bars of wrought iron or steel of the section that
may be found most suitable. We propose to attach to the lower bar of cast-
iron lugs or side pieces or plates having holes in them to receive rivets so that
upon the upper bars of wrought iron or steel being placed in their
position upon the lower bars the rivets will fasten or hold both bars securely
proper

page_text: together. We propose also in some cases to cast the lower bar with holes
which will form air spaces and at the same time allow of the unequal expan-
sion of the cast and wrought iron or steel without causing injury to either.