Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 15th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 28th Jan., 1837.
We, HERMANN EDUARD JOHANNES SELWIG, and KURT ALEXANDER CÄSAR BRUNO
LANGE, both of Brunswick, in the Empire of Germany, Machinery manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this process is the preparation of uniform shaped, especially of truly
rectangular blocks of refined sugar in centrifugals and either with the use of steam
alone, or by means of steam and covering solution.
In the following specification, we only describe the method of obtaining exactly
rectangular sugar blocks, blocks of other shapes may be produced in the same way.
The centrifugals most suitable for this process are those whose drum is angular inside
and which consequently have smooth surfaces forming in section a regular polygon;
besides these frames of special construction capable of being taken to pieces are required
which are easily put together and taken apart, and are so arranged that blocks of
unrefined sugar or
filling material whoso breadth and height inust be exactly equal to
the dimensions of the frames fit into the same and can be fastened, or warm fluid
filling may be run in and allowed to set. To prevent loss of sugar crystals through the
apertures between the outer walls of the frame and of the smooth perforated surface
of the cage of the centrifugal against which the sugar block presses, during the
whirling and application of steam during the pressing out of the block, the said
apertures are made tight in a special manner.
In order to give the sugar blocks a completely smooth reverse side, use is made of
an arrangement known as a "pressing plate," this consists of a flat sheet iron plate
perforated with small holes, which is so placed upon an underlying stronger plate with
coarser perforations or a metal grating, that it cannot give way. This plate which has
very nearly the precise length and breadth of the reverse side of the sugar block, is so
placed against the side, that the finely perforated plate is against the sugar. Whilst
the centrifugal is in operation and the expulsion of the sugar is being effected by steam,
the perforated plate is pressed by the centrifugal force strongly against the reverse
side of the sugar, and levels this as is required. A very simple arrangement serves to
completely free from water the steam employed. It consists of a piece of sheet metal
with curved edges placed behind the frames which hold the sugar and the perforated
plates lying upon it. There is therefore between the curved edges of the piece and the

page_text: edges of the frame, either all round or nearly so, a space of from to inch, in width
through which the steam can pass into the frame. The steam whilst traversing this
space passes from the outside inwards. The direction of its movement is therefore
contrary to that in which the centrifugal force acts, and the watery particles contained
in it are completely separated and thrown outwards and only dry steam reaches the
interior of the frame. The frames may be of various constructions, but it is always
requisite that their walls be strong enough to resist the pressure of the sugar contained
in then when softened by the action of the steam for which object they are preferably
constructed of | ☐☐ or of ☐ ✓ section. The perforated plates can either
be inserted together with the frames, which must then be prolonged inwards for the
purpose of holding the same, or they lie in special low frames resting upon the sugar
blocks from behind, and must be of exactly the same dimensions.
In order to make the apertures between the outer edges of the frames and the flat
perforated cage against which the sugar block presses perfectly tight, various methods
may be adopted, for instance-
1. If the outer edge of the frame is of sufficient thickness (for instance when the
frame is of Isection) the same is provided with grooves or hollows in which strips
of india rubber or other suitable material are fitted, or the material may be simply laid
between the edge of the frame and the cage of the drum. When on the other hand
the frames have a narrow outer edge, and when the angle pieces which strengthen
them are placed a little back from the edge thus | 1, it is only necessary
to insert around the projecting edge of the frame an india rubber ring, or other
caulking material, of round or rectangular section.
2. The outer edge of the frames is provided with a projection towards the inside of
the same from to inch wide running all round it preferably provided with
several rows of holes against which rests a finely perforated metal plate which is also
secured to the cage of the drum of the centrifugal. On this plate the sugar block
rests, which when the machine is at work presses the edge of the same so firmly against
the projection aforesaid, that not even the finest sugar crystal can escape. In the drum
the finely perforated cage in this case becomes unnecessary. It is only requisite to
form ribs in the same with smooth surfaces against which the frames rest with the
perforated plates attached to them.
3. The smooth perforated sides of the cage have attached to them a rim projecting
at a right angle towards the centre, which overlaps the outwards projecting edge of
the frame by from 16 to inch and is best secured by soldering a thin rectangular.
metal frame to the metal plates. The perforated plates may be either loose or fastened
to the centrifugal. In the first case the metal grating may be replaced by ribs attached
to the smooth surfaces of the centrifugal casing, and ordinary centrifugals with
cylindrical cages can be utilised to purify and operate on the sugar blocks. As already
stated, the frames are constructed to open and shut, so that the sugar can be
conveniently inserted and the finished sugar block withdrawn. In the cases where
the frames act at the same time as moulds, that is when fluid material is run in and
allowed to set, they are best constructed with four separate walls, namely two side
walls a lower plate (bottom) and a top plate (lid), preferably of the sections above
described. These plates may be attached to each other in any suitable manner, for
instance by screws, wedges on hinges, or by a metal band surrounding them. _In
order to fill these frames the front and back open sides are firmly secured with two
flat metal plates of suitable strength screwed up against the same, and the junctions
between these plates and the frame made tight in the manner described in paragraph 1.
The space is then filled through a round or otherwise shaped hole in. the cover into
which a funnel leading to the bottom of the vessel is inserted. As soon as the contents
are set the funnel is taken away and the opening tightly closed. It is however more
convenient to fill a row of frames together. For this purpose the frames are screwed
together by four screws passing through the two head plates of the frame, then a thin
plate smooth on both sides, then a second frame, then another flat plate and so on, and
finally the second head plate is placed upon the last frame. If the plates serving as

page_text: separating plates between every two frames are provided above and below with one or
more openings, permitting the hot sugar to flow from one frame into the other, the
whole set may be filled through one or two funnels inserted in the last frame or in the
head plate.
Instead of the above described frames having to be taken apart each time, the two
side walls can be connected by hinges or flexible plates bent at an angle, with the
bottom of the frame, so that they can open outwards, either completely or only a
little; the lid alone is in this case iade detachable, and connected with the side walls
by screws, or by a screw which passes through a loop, or through a four cornered
metal band which encloses all four walls of the frame. If ready set or cold blocks of
filling stuff or sugar are to be enclosed in the frame, their width must always be
exactly equal to the width of the frame, which is of the usual pattern., The two side
walls of the frame are united to the bottom by hinges or flexible plates bent at an angle
as already described and prolonged upwards between their upper prolongations, the
lid, which is exactly as wide as the frame, can be raised and lowered vertically by
means of a screw the matrix of this screw is connected with the sides of the frame
by means of an elastic strip, of inetal, or by two tie bars in such a manner that the
sides approach each other when the matrix rises, and conversely move apart when tlie
same sinks. When a sugar block is enclosed in the frame and the screw revolved the
lid of the frame is first pressed against the block, the matrix of the screw then rises
up and consequently the side walls of the frame approach each other until they rest
against the sugar block and simultaneously against the sufficiently broad side edges of
the lid. The block is thus tightly enclosed on all sides by screwing up one screw
only. The opening of the frame for the purpose of taking out the sugar block is
effected by simply releasing the screw and allowing the side walls to open out.
By means of this apparatus, rectangular sugar blocks are prepared as follows.
(a.) Rectangular blocks of solidified filling material made in the well known way
or blocks of unrefined sugar which has been pressed into suitable shapes in the soft
state and subsequently dried are placed in the said frames; or
(a.) Unrefined rather damp sugar is pressed into the frames by hand or by means
of a special press or
(a) The frames are filled with warm fluid filling material which is then allowed
to set in them. If a funnel, set above the frame be made use of for this purpose, the
saine can be taken away when the mass is set, and the lid put on.
(.) The filled frames, after having had the pressing plate placed against the back
side of the sugar block and the steam drying apparatus set up behind it, are placed
in the centrifugal and (if they contain filling material) the green syrup first expelled
from them they are then thoroughly pressed by steam in the well known way, and
the sugar block then dried by lifting the lid of the centrifugal and whirling for 10 to
-15 minutes more. If sugar of. exceptional hardness be required a small quantity of
covering solution is used for this purpose às follows:
(b.) The frames are taken out of the centrifugal the pressing plate and steam dryer
are removed, and they are placed with the outerside downwards upon a horizontal
support. A little covering solution (preferably 6 to 10 per cent. of the weight of the
sugar) is then poured upon the sugar block and the same again whirled to remove the
superfluous liquid: this whirling is best done in a special centrifugal, so that the super-
fluous solution can be recovered and used over again. Instead of treating the sugar
blocks in the above described manner, they may be operated on for a few minutes
whilst in the centrifugal (the pressing plate and steam dryer being removed) by
means of a very finely divided stream of covering solution, preferably propelled by
compressed air the excess of which is subsequently whirled out.
(c.) The frames are then opened and the finished sugar blocks taken out and finally
dried in a stové.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,..
Patent Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Sugar Blocks and
Apparatus therefor...
We, HERMANN EDUARD JOHANNES SELWIG and KURT ALEXANDER CÄSAR BRUNO
LANGE, both of Brunswick, in the Empire of Germany, Machinery Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
--
By means of this process and its allied apparatus perfectly regular blocks of sugar,
with an even and smooth reverse surface, can be produced from filling material or also
from impure sugar, in the centrifugal, by the application of a steam only; but it is
to be understood that the steam might be replaced entirely or partially, by a covering
solution.
In the carrying out of the process there are employed.
1. The usual centrifugal with a drum having an angular inside; that is, with a drum
provided with a number of even sieving surfaces.
2. Frames of peculiar construction, which can be partially or entirely opened and
taken asunder, and in which the filling material or impure sugar is subjected to the
centrifugaling and covering process.
3. An apparatus called a "Pressing-plate," applied to the inside of each of the
frames, for obtaining truly even and smooth reverse surfaces in the sugar blocks which
are to be produced.
4. An apparatus called a cover for freeing the steam from water applied to each
frame whose chief object is to entirely free from water the steam, employed in the
process immediately before its entrance into the frames.
The apparatus are applied in the following way:
In the frames mentioned under 2, a rectangular filling mass-or blocks of sugar-
is enclosed in such a way that the four walls of the frames lie tight against the side
surfaces of the enclosed mass. The size of the filling mass or blocks of sugar must
exactly correspond with the inside measurement of the frames, and the size can be
regulated in any suitable manner, as for instance-by pouring the mass into folding
frames or into a large and suitably divided framework; or large blocks of the
hardened filling mass can be sawn up, or moist impure sugar can be pressed into a
mould. The moist impure sugar might, however, be stamped direct into the previously
-closed-frames,-or-be-pressed-in-by-means-of-a press of suitable construction, or finally
the liquid warm filling mass could be poured into the frames and be allowed to harden
therein.
.
The subsequent work of the centrifugaling of the raw syrup (if a filling mass is
under, treatment) and of the covering of the sugar with steam or solution, or with
both, which (in accordance with the covering-method) is conducted in one or more
centrifugals, is particularly described further on. In case a steam covering be used,
and the backs, of the sugar blocks to be produced are to be even the pressure plates
mentioned under 3 are employed. After the covering the frames are opened, the
sugar blocks taken out, and, if necessary, are dried.

page_text: A. THE FRAMES.
The same may be constructed in various ways. Those shown in Figures 1, 16, 1 c,
and in Figures 2, 2 a, and 2b, may be firstly considered, and they are the ones employed
when sugar that is already hardened and of the required form, and not loose sugar,
is to be treated, and when steam is used to cover the same. They are composed of
four inwardly smooth, and sufficiently strengthened sides of any suitable material,
with the bottom a, both side walls band b, and the loose cover c, in which the lock
screw d can turn. The side walls and are joined to the bottom a either by means
of hinges (Figures 1 and 1 e) or by flexible plates i bent in the corner (Figures 2 and
2e), so that they can be taken asunder for the sugar blocks to be locked in and taken
out. The matrix f of the screw d is connected by means of the bands e (Figure 1)
turning in hinges and 4, or by means of a flexible metal band g (Figure 2)
terminating at the end in the bolts and k², with the upper prolongation of the side
walls and in such manner that the latter are drawn together inwardly, and lie
against the side walls m of the cover as soon as the matrix frises; inversely they
come asunder as soon as this latter sinks.
In the frame shown in Figure 2, the bolt 2 is arranged to shoot out from the side
wall, so that the band g can be brought into the dotted position, and the frame
opened wider than is otherwise possible.
If a rectangular sugar block, corresponding in size, to the interior of such a frame,
be placed in the same, and the screw d be turned, the matrix f begins to rise as soon as
the cover c touches the upper side of the block, and the side walls band are drawn
together by means of the bands e,. or band g; these do not only lie against the side walls
of the cover e but also simultaneously against the side surfaces of the sugar block.
The latter is consequently tightly enclosed on all four sides.
If the frames are employed in such manner that impure sugar is to be stamped or
pressed therein they must be previously locked tight or can be changed into a rigid
four cornered mould.
With this view both the side walls m of the cover in Figure 1 are prolonged on the
upper side to a pair of narrow flaps which terminate in outwardly projecting noses.
These noses lie upon the upper edge of the side walls and ', when the screw d is
turned, and consequently control the further downward movement of the cover, so that
the side walls are drawn together inwardly in a manner similar to the enclosing of a
block.
If steam is employed in the covering of the sugar, it will be necessary to pack the
joints between the outer wall of the frame and the smooth sieve surfaces we in the
interior of the centrifugal drum, so that no sugar crystals can escape between them.
This can be done in various ways:
1. In the frame shown in Figure 1, recesses of the nature of a groove are made in
the side edges p, q, n, n, of the same, which are proportionally wide, and these
recesses are filled with strips of india rubber or other suitable packing material, as
shown in Figure 17, to a large scale.
บ
2. The frame in Figure 6 shows a second mode of packing, which frame, in addition,
is of a substantially different construction. The edge of the same is narrow. The
packing ribs n of the walls press against the same so far (to inch) that a ring o of
india rubber or other suitable packing material can surround the same, which effects
the packing, whilst it lies against the ribs n.
3. A still more secure way of packing the said grooves is applied to the frames
shown in cross section in Figure 4, a and b, which moreover has the advantage, that
the sieve plate appliance in the interior of the centrifugal drum becomes entirely
unnecessary. It will then suffice to place a smooth metal grating or a number of ribs in
the drum, which would otherwise be employed to support the smooth sieve plate. These
plates we are consequently replaced by loose rectangular sieve plates s, which consist of
a finely perforated sieve plate supported by a coarsely perforated one, the latter being
somewhat smaller than the former so that there is a difference of inch all round the.
edge. On the other side the frame is provided on its exterior with an edge t, about

page_text: 3 inch wide, projecting inwardly and going all round, which is formed by riveting two
superimposed strips, a finely and coarsely perforated one (the latter being on the
outside), on the exterior walls p, q, n, n, of the frames; as is clearly shown in
Figure 4. The sieve plate s is now placed with the strong plate to the outside in the
frame, as shown in Figure 4, a; the narrow outer wall consequently lies against the
inner wall of the frame, and owing to its elasticity is everywhere pressed against the
inner wall on the centrifugaling of the sugar blocks, so that no sugar crystals can
escape when the sugar is covered with steam.
v
4. A very simple and sure mode of packing is finally applied to the frames shown
in Figures 2, 2a and b. It also affords the advantage that the sieve plates w in the
centrifugal drum can be done away with they are replaced by the loose sieve plates s.
The edge of the frame is narrow like the frame in Figure 6. The joint between the
edge and the sieve plate s is so packed, that the latter is provided with an edge i
projecting inwardly inch to inch or more, which surrounds the edge v to a very
small extent, Figure 2f, and completely prevents the escape of the sugar crystals,
since the same never take a path in opposition to the centrifugal force. The movement
of the frame with its sieve plates on the grating s¹ in the centrifugal drum Figure 2 c
and 2d, which moreover may also be placed on the loose sieve plate s instead of in
the drum, is prevented by means of the vertical ledges, which are applied to the
inner wall of the drum.
A similar form of packing is also capable of being applied when the edge of the
frame is large, as shown in Figure 3b and 3 c, and the sieve plates s are fastened in
the drum upon the gratings st. The edge t on the sieve plates s, when these are fast,
may be replaced beneath, by the bottom of the drum, on its sides by the prismatic
ledges t, and above by a horizontal ledge 2 joining one of the ledges t' and fastened
upon the sieve plate (Figure 3 d). In this case the frame must be pressed from the
interior against the sunken sieve surfaces in the drum.
formed cross
The walls of the frames in Figures 1 and 4 a have a
section as will be seen their radial dimension is about 1 inch to 14 inch larger than the
size of the sugar blocks enclosed in them. There will consequently be a free space
left behind them, which is to receive the "pressing plate," and which latter is employed
when the sugar is covered with steam. The above mentioned free space for the
reception of the "pressing plate" is wanting in the frames shown in Figures 2, 3, 5,
and 6, which are preferably used in such manner that they are filled with a warm
liquid filling mass which sets therein. Nevertheless the pressing plate may also be
employed with these frames, the depth of the latter corresponds with the size of the
sugar blocks, and the plate in this case lies in a special receptacle, (Figure 2b),
formed for this purpose out of a plate, and whose rear side may be of much less width
than the front side, whose interior measurement must correspond exactly to that of
the frames.
If covering solution only be employed this piece as will be understood is not
applied.
A considerably different construction is applied to the frames shown in Figures 5
and 6, which are always filled with a warm filling mass. In the frames shown in
Figures 6, 66, and
the individual walls remain joined together after the opening of
the frames. The side walls in this case are prolonged upwards for some millimetres
and these prolongations take into grooves d and g of corresponding depth and width,
which are made in the bottom a and cover cand, if necessary for the production of a
tight joint, are partially filled with a soft metal (lead or the like) or other suitable
packing material.
The side walls are connected below by the hinges with the bottom and above by the
hinges with the cross piece g, (one of the hinges, that shown on the right, is con-
structed so as to be loosened by means of a bolt placed through it). The cover e is
pressed against the end surfaces of the side walls by means of the screw d which goes
through the piece g, and by this means the frame is shut.
A frame of very simple construction, and which can be taken entirely asunder is
shown in Figures 5, 5 and 56. It consists of four loose crude cast iron walls, the

page_text: side walls and 6, the bottom a and the cover c, which are connected together in the
manner shown in the drawing by means of the screwed rod d. The packing of the
grooves in the frame-corners is the same as in the frame in Figure 6.
In this frame is shown the way in which frames of this sort, no matter of what
construction, are filled with a filling mass.
They can be filled singly or in rows. In the former case after both the exterior
edges e, of the frames have been surrounded with packing rings of india rubber or
other packing material, so as to form a packing between the front and rear opening
of the frame, two closing plates ', smooth on their inner side and sufficiently
strengthened with ribs on their outer side, are screwed, by means of four screws
against the exterior edges v. In the latter case if the one opening only of the first
frame A is closed with a closing plate, the other by means of an intermediate plate =
smooth on both sides, on the frame A¹ is a second frame A², then a second intermediate
plate and so on to the last frame whose outer opening is finally closed by means of a
second closing plate 2. The entire collected parts are then united together by means
of the four bolts 7. The intermediate plates are either plates (see Figure 6,, which
shows the mode of packing between them and the edges of the frames by means of
packing rings o) or are of cast metal. In the latter case, as shown in Figure 5,ƒ,
they are best provided on both sides with a narrow edge, projecting about inch, in
order to prevent their movement. The closing plates are also provided on their
inner side with an edge for the same object.
The filling of the frames with the filling mass takes place in the easiest manner
through a filling opening &, arranged in any suitable wall of the same (and to be
upwards when being filled) and of a round or oblong form, into which before filling,
a filling funnel y, contracting towards the bottom (shown in Figure 5 a on the wall A
is placed, whose under edge exactly reaches the upper surface of the filling mass to be
turned into a block, or of the block of sugar. After the setting of the filling mass,
the funnel, which still contains a small portion of the same (the so called "lost head"),
is taken away and the filling opening closed by means of a cover y' which likewise
reaches to the upper surface of the block and is fastened in any suitable way, the
drawing shows a revolvable cross piece. After the filled frames and the plates
and are taken asunder the former are ready to be placed in the centrifugal machine.
It is a matter of indifference in what wall the filling opening is placed, in the
frame shown in Figure 6, for example, it is placed in the right side wall ¹. These
frames consequently lie on the left side 6 when being filled.
it
If the intermediate plates are provided in their upper and lower portions with
sufficiently wide openings, so that the warm filling mass can enter from one frame into
its adjoining one, it will be found sufficient to provide the first and last frame with
the filling funnel y. The filling of the frames will consequently take place through
one of them, and for this purpose a somewhat sloping position is given to the rows of
frames. The frames might also be filled through filling funnels placed in the end
plates 2.
B. THE PRESSING PLATES.
If the sugar blocks are to be produced with an entirely smooth even reverse surface
without ridges or other breaks, and if moreover the sugar is to be more compact and
firm, they must be subjected to a strong artificial pressure on their interior surfaces
whilst they are covered with steam in particular towards the last when they become
soft under the influence of the warmth. This pressure is effected with the use of the
(: pressing plate," which is an exteriorly smooth plate u for the steam to pass through
and of sufficient weight and which is placed on the rear side of the sugar block. In
of the inbonant 1
If the sugar blocks are to be produced with an entirely smooth even reverse surface
without ridges or other breaks, and if moreover the sugar is to be more compact and
firin, they must be subjected to a strong artificial pressure on their interior surfaces
whilst they are covered with steam in particular towards the last when they become
soft under the influence of the warmth. This pressure is effected with the use of the
"pressing plate," which is an exteriorly smooth plate u for the steam to pass through
and of sufficient weight and which is placed on the rear side of the Sugar block. In
centrifugal force this plate is pressed great force
against the block during the whirling and thus evens its interior surface. The
pressure plate, as will be understood, must pass with ease into the frames, and consists
essentially of a perforated plate, which is strengthened on its back in any suitable
manner, for instance, by means of a pierced metal grating, or it may consist of one
of the inh

page_text: covered on its exterior with a finely perforated metal plate as otherwise projections
(corresponding to the holes in the plate) would be formed on the inner side of the
sugar block.
C. THE COVER FOR FREEING THE STEAM FROM WATER.
In order to completely free the steam from water immediately before its entrance
into the frames, a cover of plate (Figure 1c, 2a, 2b, and Figures 7 and 7 a) is used,
which is placed on the inside of the frames containing the sugar blocks. This cover
is somewhat arched with a view of increasing its stiffness and has rectangular curved
side walls, as well as soldered top and bottom edges. Openings of no kind whatever
are made in it. In the interior of the cover is a number of strong horizontally
running ribs and
☐ shaped, by which the cover lies on the inner edge of the
closed frame. The cover does not lie close up against the latter, but there is a space
of about inch or more between its side walls and the exterior surface of the side
walls and of the frame (Figure 1 c) for the entrance of the steam into the interior
of the frame, Whilst the steam now makes its way from the edge of the cover r to
the interior of the frame, its path of motion will be almost in direct opposition to that
of the centrifugal force, it will therefore be entirely freed from the finest drops of
condensed water which may be carried along with it, whilst they will be whirled
outwardly. Therefore only absolutely dry steam can enter the frames and exert an
influence on the sugar.
The cover also fulfils another purpose, whilst the steam plays on its exterior surface,
it inwardly gives out warmth to the sugar in the frames and thereby expedites the
drying process.
If the pressure plate lies in a specially formed place, and not in the frame itself, as
in Figure 2a and 2b, the cover for freeing the stem from water is tightly joined to the
piece. Its width will consequently be about inch to inch larger than that of
the piece on its interior side. The arrows in Figure 26 show the path which the steam
takes by its entrance into the frames.
THE MODE OF PROCEDURE.
If blocks of the filling mass which have already set, or sugar blocks produced from
the pressing of impure moist sugar are to be enclosed in the frames, the frames shown
in Figures 1 and 2 are always used. After the frames have been opened, the blocks
are placed therein and they are locked tight in the frames by turning the screw d.
If the blocks, on the contrary, are produced by pouring a warm liquid filling mass
into the frames and allowing it to set therein, or even by directly pressing or stamping
the moist sugar into the frames, the frames shown in Figures 5 and 6 may be
employed for this purpose, and they may be filled as above described, or-in any other
manner suitable for this purpose.
The filled frames are now placed in the centrifugal machines, and if steam be
employed to cover the sugar the pressure plate u is placed in position (the piece
having been previously set up) and the cover for freeing the steam from water is
also employed.
The whirling and covering of the sugar blocks in the centrifugal, or in several
contrifugals employed one after the other, are now carried out in the usual way. For-
this purpose any of the known cover processes or cover appliances, either steam alone,
or solution alone, or both in succession or simultaneously can be employed. The
impregnation with the solution when such is used can also be effected outside the
centrifugal, and the whirling only take place in the centrifugal machine or machines.
After completion of the covering and centrifugaling the frames are taken out of the
machines and opened, and the sugar blocks are subsequently completely dried in any
suitable manner in case they are still moist.
If smaller sugar blocks or plates are to be produced the larger blocks may be
divided in a radial direction into smaller ones by means of inserted plates.

page_text: Before the blocks are placed in the frames the latter must first be divided up by
means of plates on the contrary when the filling mass is poured in, the frames
themselves are divided the two opposite walls being provided with studs or recesses
into which the plates are slid.
In such case the pressure plate must be correspondingly divided or not at all used.
As will be understood it is not necessary that the frames should be of a truly
rectangular form but they might take the form of a parallel trapezium when sugar
blocks of a wedge shaped form are to be produced and not rectangular ones.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim.is:
1. The process of producing regularly formed sugar blocks with perfectly smooth
reverse sides, by the application of a covering of steam or solution in the centrifugals,
and which consists in loosely laying a more or less heavy steam perforated plate, with
a smooth outer surface, against the inner surface of the sugar, and which is pressed,
during the covering process, by means of the centrifugal force against the mass of
sugar.
2. By the application of steam or steam vapour for covering sugar blocks enclosed
in frames in centrifugals, an appliance for absolutely freeing from water the steam
before its entrance into the frames (called a cover for freeing the steam from water)
and which consists of a cover placed on the interior opening of the frames having
outwardly bent edges, which surround the opening of the frames with a free space, in
such manner that the steam is compelled, in its way round the edge of the cover, to
take a course, in the frames, opposed to the centrifugal force, whereby the drops of
water contained in the steam are whirled to the outside.
3. In the frames destined for the reception of the already formed sugar blocks, or
for the pouring in of the liquid filling mass, or for the pressing of impure sugar.
a.) The appliance for opening and closing the same consisting of the screw d
connected with the cover c, the raising and lowering matrix f together with
the cross pieces e of the metal hands g taking into the upper ends of the side
walls and ; by means of which, when the matrix is turned the cover c is
drawn downwards and simultaneously the side walls b and b (Figures 1 and 2)
are drawn together.
b.) The widening of the entire walls of the frames with the object of forming a
free space behind the sugar block for the reception of the pressure plate
(Figures 1b and c and Figures 4 a and b), or instead thereof a special piece
(Figures 2 a and b) placed on the interior of the frames and connected with the
cover for freeing the steam from water.
с
c.) The packing of the joints between the outer edge of the frames and the wall
of the centrifugal drum, or of the even sieve surface, against which the sugar
block presses during the centrifugaling. 1.) By means of strips of india
rubber or similar elastic material let into the broad edge of the frames.
2.) By means of a packing ring o, of india rubber or similar material
(Figure 5 a, b, f, and Figure 6 c) surrounding the narrow edge of the frames
and pressing against the somewhat receding ribs e of the walls of the frames.
3.) By the application of loose sieve plates s (Figure 2, 2 a, d etcetera) placed on
the outside of the frames, whose inwardly projecting edge t surrounds to a
small extent the outer edge of the frames, or by the application of an edge t¹
and (Figure 3 c and d), entirely surrounding the outer wall of the, frame to
the sieve plate s fastened in the centrifugal drum.
4.) By the application of loose sieve plates s, (Figure 4 a, b etcetera) in the
interior of the frames and which lie with their edge upon the interiorly
projecting plate t.
I
d.) The filling opening z made in one of the walls of the frames and capable of
being closed with a cover y', in which opening a special portable filling funnel y
is placed for filling the frames with the warm filling mass

page_text: e.) The packing of the joints between two adjoining frame-walls, in such frames
which are arranged to open and close, by the entrance of a prolongation of
the one wall b into a groove d of the adjoining wall, which, if necessary, is
partially filled with soft metal or other packing material.
4. The frame shown in Figure 6, 6b and c, consisting of the side walls band
connected together by hinges h and ', the bottom a and cross piece g together with
the loose cover c, which is pressed against the end surfaces of the side walls by means
of the screw d passing through the cross piece g.
5. The frame shown in Figures 5, 5a and 5 b, consisting of four loose walls, the
side walls b and 6, the bottom a, and the cover c, which are held together in the
manner shown by means of the screws d (two or also four in the case of deeper
frames).
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicanis.