IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE WASHING OF CLOTHES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Patterson, of Beverley, in the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING,
WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE WASHING OF CLOTHES AND
OTHER ARTICLES."
Sealed the 11th October 1860, and dated the 17th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Patterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
April 1860.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CHURNING, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
WASHING OF CLOTHES AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus applicable either for churning or as a washing machine.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a vessel of any suitable
shape and to mount it in such a manner that it may be rotated round a fixed
centre, but without at the same time turning on its own axis. The milk or
washing liquid contained therein, according as the apparatus is used as a churn
or as a washing machine, is by this peculiar motion violently agitated and
caused to rush or flow round about the vessel, thereby producing the required
agitation necessary either in churning or in washing linen.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Patterson, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign. did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Patterson, Her special license that I, the said John
Patterson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Patterson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
WASHING OF CLOTHES AND OTHER ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Patterson, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Patterson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements
of apparatus applicable either for churning or as a washing machine.
According to this Invention, it is proposed to employ a tub or vessel of any
suitable shape, and to round it in such a manner that it may be rotated round
a fixed centre, but without at the same time turning on its own axis. The
milk or washing liquid contained therein, according as the apparatus is used
as a churn or as a washing machine, is by this peculiar motion violently
agitated, and caused to rush or flow round about the vessel, thereby producing
the required regulation necessary in the processes of churning or of washing.

page_text: And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in both Figures.
Figure 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents a vertical section
of one form of my apparatus as applied to the churning of milk or cream.
A is the tub or vessel for containing the milk or cream, it is provided internally
with a number of dashers a, a, secured to its sides; B is the bed or cover, and
C, C, are two handles fixed to the outside of the vessel; D is a horizontal wheel,
which answers the double purpose of a fly-wheel and crank. It is provided
at its centre with a stud pin d, which works in a footstep bearing e, on the
platform or support E; F is a boss or footstep, formed upon the face of the
wheel D, in which boss or footstep works the stud pin f, secured to the bottom
of the vessel A. If the vessel be filled up to about the height shown in the
Drawing with cream or milk, and the handles C be grasped, so as to prevent
the vessel from turning on its own axis, whilst at the same time it is caused
to rotate or describe a circle round the centre or axis of the wheel D, a violent
motion of the cream or milk round the inside of the vessel A will be produced,
which will effectually churn it into butter. The remaining liquid may then
be run off by a tap or plug hole at the bottom in the ordinary manner.
Figure 2 represents another form of my apparatus as adapted to the
washing of clothes, altho' it is equally applicable as a churn.
In this modification the tub or vessel A has an irregular rolling or gyrating
motion. It is provided at its under side with a stud pin f, which works in a
footstepe on the platform E. This pin is made of such a length as to cause
the tub or vessel A to lean considerably over, as shewn in the Drawing, a
portion of its lower edge or bottom resting upon the surface of the platform.
By taking hold of the handle C in the lid or cover B, and moving it in a
circle horizontally, the tub or vessel A will roll round or gyrate with its
lower edge a upon the platform. The interior of the tub A in Figure 2
is arranged for a washing machine, the dashers a, in Figure being re-
placed by pegs or pins a, a, fixed into the lid B and projecting downwards
to within a few inches of the bottom, these pins serving to prevent the
clothes from being carried round with the violent flow of the fluid or
water.
When used as a churn, dashers similar to those shown in Figure 1 may be
fitted inside the vessel A, (Figure 2,) the pins a, a, in that case being
dispensed with.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel-and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general constructions and arrangements of churns and washing
machines, as herein before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Second, the mounting of the tub or containing vessel of a churn or washing
machine in such a manner that it may be rotated round a fixed centre without
revolving upon its own axis.
Third, the peculiar construction of churn or washing machine as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figure 1 of my Drawings.
Fourth, the peculiar construction of churn or washing machine as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figure 2 of my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Patterson, have to this my
Specification hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of
October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN PATTERSON.
(L.S.)