matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING BASTING JACKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Onions at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1870.
I, JOHN ONIONS, of New Road, Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey
(Engineer), do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING BASTING JACKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improvements in self-acting basting jacks.
The mode or way by which this is performed is simply by means of a
small pump (or a screw working or rotating within a tube or barrel),
either of which by being attached to an eccentric cam or crank fixed to
the ordinary roasting jack (or otherwise) is so arranged as by its motion
will work the said pump or screw, and thereby take up the gravy, &c.,
from a well in the dripping pan, and deliver it into another pan properly
adapted and fixed over the joint, hare, birds, &c., so as to convey the
gravy through small perforations made in the upper pan over the joint,
&c., &c., the whole of the time required while roasting. I also propose the
use of a fan or winged wheel or a cylinder so fixed to the oven as to be
worked by the use of steam from the oven or from the steam apparatus,

page_text: or any other place where it may be properly applied. The utility of the
self-acting basting jack is obvious, as by its use the cook is spared a
great deal of trouble and time, and the joint, hare, birds, &c., will be
thoroughly basted the whole of the time required while roasting or
baking with its or their own gravy, or with such as may be preferred, a 5
luxury seldom met with, that duty being often neglected and the dinner
partially spoiled, especially when roasted or baked in an oven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING LEAD
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Fawcus at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th January 1870.
.
I, GEORGE EDWARD FAWCUS, of North Shields, in the County of
Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING LEAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved process or processes for refining
lead by submitting molten lead to the action of superheated steam in the
following manner :-When lead containing zinc, antimony, and other
impurities has been melted in a suitable iron pot to a red heat an air-tight
cover is luted with clay on to the pot, and superheated steam is then
introduced from a suitable boiler or apparatus by means of a pipe intro-
duced near the bottom of the molten lead, saturated steam being also
admitted by another pipe above the molten metals. The steam and such
fumes as may arise are carried away by a pipe through the cover and
passed into a condenser. This process is continued till it is found that
the liquid mass has parted with the zinc, which is then skimmed off in
the shape of an oxide, and then either the cover to the pot is taken off
to admit fresh air or a jet of air is forced in through the cover into the

page_text: space above the lead to oxidize the antimony, the superheated steam
being still applied to the mass. On this oxidized antimony being
removed the residue is almost chemically pure lead. Should the lead
contain no zinc, zinc may be added, or the lead may be subjected only
to the latter part of the process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING MALT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1870.-A communication from abroad by Robert
Overbeck, of Dortmund, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR APPARATUS
FOR DRYING MALT," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to carry on the operation of drying
malt continuously, and to keep the malt in continuous motion through
the kiln, from whence when properly dried it is carried away by any
convenient transporting apparatus. The kiln consists of a brick structure,
at the lower part of which is a hot-air chamber which is heated by a fire-
place and suitable flucs. The roof of the hot-air chamber is perforated
or has openings formed therein to allow the hot air to pass therefrom into
the interior of the kiln, and the openings in the roof are provided with
suitable valves so that the quantity of air that passes into the kiln may
be regulated. In the kiln or drying chamber are three drying floors,
placed one above the other, and composed of a series of travelling endless

page_text: metallic or wire cloths formed of bars of wire connected by longitudinal
wires or chains which will not injure by bending. These travelling
cloths are placed at an inclination, and at the higher ends of each cloth is
a rotating fan or device, which is driven at such speed as will cause it to
toss or throw up the malt so that it may fall on to the next travelling
cloth. The malt is fed into the kiln on to the uppermost travelling
floor, and is carried on to the other end where it is delivered into a
hopper which will conduct it to the floor below, where it is treated and
carried forward in a similar manner, and at the end of the second floor
it is in like manner dropped on to the third floor, and is ultimately
carried out of the kiln by any suitable carrying device. It will be
understood that the lowermost floor being nearest the hot-air chamber
will be hottest, and that the moisture will be driven off from the top-
most floor by the ascending vapours and will be carried out at the top
part of the kiln. The malt in its passage through the kiln will be
submitted to several tossing operations which will materially conduce to
an uniform drying.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Geminiano Zanni at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1870.
I, GEMINIANO ZANNI, of Sidmouth Street, Gray's Inn Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Electric Telegraph Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of working needle or
other telegraph instruments which require a sustained current of electri-
city, and consists in the use and application for such purpose of a
peculiar construction of magneto-electric machine, instead of employing
a galvanic battery as heretofore to produce the electric current.
Hitherto it has not been found practicable to work instruments of this
class by means of magneto-electric machines, because those of ordinary
construction produce a succession of short distinct currents, either in
alternate or in one direction, the intervals between the currents being
so marked as to. keep the needle in a continual state of vibration, or
when applied to the Morse system producing only a succession of dots
instead of lines and dots as required.

page_text: .
In order to remedy these defects. and to produce a steady uniform
current in one direction, I form the armature of the magneto-electric
machine of a cylindrical form, channelling it longitudinally so as to
form a bobbin, and this bobbin I fill with covered wire in the usual
manner, and cause it to rotate between the poles of the magnet which
are brought together and are cut out so as to form a circular recess for
that purpose. Or I make a bobbin of two flat circular plates of iron
connected together by a flat strip of the same metal, and I fill it with
covered wire as in the former instance. The armature thus made I
cause to rotate at the end either. in front or at one side of the poles of
the magnet, or I use two of these armatures, one on each side of the
magnet, mounted on one end of the same spindle and revolving together.
By this arrangement the power of the apparatus is considerably increased.
By these means I am enabled to obtain a current of electricity in one
direction and sufficiently sustained to enable me to work either the
needle or Morse systems of telegraphy efficiently.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ADMITTING AND REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF AIR TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Addy Hopkinson and
Joseph Hopkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th May 1870.
We, JOHN ADDY HOPKINSON and JOSEPH HOPKINSON, jun'., of
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
ADMITTING AND REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF AIR TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER
FURNACES," to be as follows: :-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of furnace door
and a mechanical self-acting means of admitting and regulating the
supply of air to such furnaces. The furnace door is carried on hinges
in the usual manner, and a large opening or apperture is formed in or
about the middle thereof. In this opening is hinged a wing valve or
plate suitably formed to fit the opening when closed. This valve is
connected by chain or other connection to a lever hinged intermediately
on the door, and the other end of this lever is connected by a rod to a
cup float or bucket capable of floating in or upon quicksilver contained
in a suitable vessel, and this lever is also connected by a chain or other
suitable means to the frame of the furnace in such manner that when

page_text: the said door is opened the wing valve or plate is opened thereby, and
the cup or bucket is at the same time plunged into the quicksilver, by
which on the door being closed the valve is held open for the admission
of air to the furnace. In the bottom of the cup or bucket is provided
a hole or apperture of suitable size or so as to be capable of being
regulated in size to allow the quicksilver to pass through in any given
or desirable time, which thereby allows the float to rise and the valve or
plate to gradually close the opening in the door.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard Kidd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
May 1870.
I, JOHN HOWARD KIDD, of Bangor Iscoyd, in the County of Flint, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
'
My Invention consists in making the shoe of metal, but by preference
of malleable cast iron, provided with holes so that it may be secured by
nails to the hoof in the ordinary manner, or a plate may be secured to
the hoof like an ordinary shoe, and then the actual shoe may be secured
to the plate by screws or rivets. To the metal shoe I apply a sole of
vulcanized india-rubber, which is made to adhere to the metal in the
process of vulcanising; that part of the sole in immediate contact with
the metal is hard and the other part of the sole soft vulcanized india-
rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Axon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1870.
I, CHARLES AXON, of Poulton-le-Fylde, in the County of Lancaster,
Railway Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to ensure the accurate working of rail-
way signals, and it is applicable to semaphore, disc, or other signals that
are placed at a considerable distance from the person by whom the signals
are worked. The great difficulty in working such signals is owing to
the variation in the length of the wire or rope connecting the lever to the
signal, but according to my Invention this difficulty is overcome.
In performing my Invention I make the said connecting wires or ropes
in two or more lengths, and I employ one or more intermediate pulleys
between the lever and the signal; for instance, one end of a length of
wire or rope is secured to the lever, and the other end is secured to a
pulley supported at any convenient distance between the lever and the

page_text: signal, this wire or rope is kept stretched by a weight suspended to
the pulley; one end of a second wire or rope is secured to the above
pulley and the other end to a second pulley placed near the signal,
this wire or rope is also kept stretched by a weight suspended to the
pulley, this second pulley is provided with a toothed segment gearing
into another segment on a disc to which the lever for working the
signal is applied. By this arrangement the motion of the lever is
transmitted accurately to the signal however great the distance between
the two may be. In case the wires or ropes should break between
the lever and the signal the danger signal is exhibited by means of a
weighted pulley or lever acting on the lever by which the signal is
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PUDDLING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Walker and John
Frederick Augustus Pflaum at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th May 1870.
We, BENJAMIN WALKER and JOHN FREDERICK AUGUSTUS PFLAUM, of
Goodman Street Works, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PUDDLING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
puddling.
In order to work the rabble or rake over the bed of the furnace in the
manner in which a puddler works it by hand we employ hydraulic engines
or engines worked by water or liquid under high pressure, and which
may be supplied from an accumulator or vessel furnished with a weighted
ram into which water or liquid is forced by pumps or other suitable
instruments. On a standard rising above the furnace we mount an
hydraulic engine or engines; and by means thereof we give motion to a
bar swinging on an axis at the top of the standard, and at its lower end

page_text: connected with the rabble or rake. In this way the motion into and
out of the furnace is obtained.
.
In order to traverse over the bed from end to end another hydraulic
engine is employed, and it is so connected with the standard as to cause
it and all the parts connected therewith to rotate partially to and fro
about a vertical axis. The speed of the hydraulic engines can be varied
by means of the valves by which water or liquid is supplied to them.
Any number of sets of puddling apparatus, whatever their positions and
distances apart, can be worked from the same accumulator or supply of
water or liquid under pressure. We employ a small hydraulic crane
to lift the puddle ball out of the furnace; we form the crane arm upon
the standard already mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTS. OR CRUCIBLES USED IN GLASS FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Holste at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1870. A communication from abroad by Hugo Stimpfl and Johann
Stenger, of Mixnitz, in the Province of Styria, Austria.
I, CARL HOLSTE, Civil Engineer, of 14, Southampton Street, Covent
Garden, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTS. OR
CRUCIBLES USED IN GLASS FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The materials for the pots are the same as used hitherto, they are finely
ground and then mixed with water to a semi-fluid consistency. Instead.
of forming the pots by hand, as done formerly, a mould is used for this.
purpose into which the mixture is pressed by means of steam, pump, or
otherwise. The inside of the mould is lined with close woven linen,.
felt, or other filtering material that allows water only to pass through..
Being under constant pressure the water in the mixture is forced through
the filtering material into canals which carry it away from the mould, so

page_text: that when the mould is filled the so formed pot will be of a dry and firm
substance ready for the further processes of drying and annealing before
being used in the glass furnaces. To facilitate the removal of the pot
out of the mould the latter is composed of several parts which can easily
be disconnected from each other.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CAMERAS FOR REFLECTING AND MAGNIFYING OPAQUE OBJECTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emil Adam Strubin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1870. A communication from abroad by Theodore Kung, of Basle,
in Switzerland, and Henry Strubin, of Liestal, in Switzerland,
Opticians.
I, EMIL ADAM STRUBIN, of Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CAMERAS FOR REFLECTING AND MAGNIFYING OPAQUE OBJECTS,"
(a communication) to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to certain novel and simple arrangements
for producing a high degree of illumination and throwing an intense
light upon the object to be reflected. To obtain this result the object or
picture is illuminated from two sides, one light being placed on the right
and a second light on the left in such positions that the two lights, each
thrown by a reflector through a concentrating lens, fall together on the
picture or object, which is thereby intensely illuminated and thrown in
the opposite direction through a magnifying lens upon a wall or other
surface. The magnified image thus obtained is a faithful reproduction
and perfectly clear and sharp in its contours.

page_text: The apparatus or camera consists of a box divided into three com-
partments, the central compartment contains at one end a door, slide, or
aperture for receiving the picture or object to be magnified, and at the
opposite end the usual sliding tube with the object or magnifying lens ;
each of the two compartments at the sides is arranged to hold the lamp
or gas burner, behind which is placed the curved reflector which throws
the light through the concentrating lens or lenses fixed in the side
dividing the compartment from the central one upon the object or
picture. A chimney is fixed in the top of the apparatus or box over
cach light, and holes are provided in the bottom for admitting the air
necessary for the combustion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR BOILING 'WORTS' OR OTHER LIQUORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rennie and Thomas
Halliday at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th October 1870.
We, JAMES RENNIE and THOMAS HALLIDAY, both of the Town and
County of Dumfries, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR BOILING 'WORTS' OR
OTHER LIQUORS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
-
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in furnaces
more particularly adaptable to breweries for the purpose of boiling
"worts" or other liquors, consists in so arranging the furnace that the
fire is kept at a greater distance from the bottom of the boiler or copper
than in existing arrangements of brewer's furnaces, by which means the
heat is more equally distributed over the bottom of the said boiler or
copper, thereby producing quicker ebullition and preventing a "fry" or
boiling of the "worts on one side of the copper.
"
The Invention by which the afore-mentioned results are obtained
consists in placing the fire-grate at the lower part or bottom of a long
vertical hollow shaft communicating with the base of the copper or vat,

page_text: and provided with air ducts or passages at a suitable distance up the
shaft or flue, through which air is introduced for burning the gases.
In this arrangement of furnace it is preferred to burn small or "nut”
coal, as in furnaces so constructed a greater amount of heat can be
obtained. The amount of heat supplied to the boiler or copper is
regulated by the attendant at the copper head, who opens and shuts the
furnace door or a damper as required, by means of a chain provided for
that purpose, and one or more openings, each furnished with a door, is
also formed on one side of the furnace at a short distance below the
bottom of the boiler or copper, in order that the flues may be more easily
cleaned when required.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OP NAPTHALENE, AND OP HYDROCARBON BODIES CONTAINING NAPTHALENE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barrow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1870.
I, JOHN BARROW, of the Dalton Chemical Works, West Gorton, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OP NAPTHALENE, AND OP HYDROCARBON BODIES CONTAINING NAPTHALENE," to be
as follows:-
These improvements have for their object the production of anthracene,
and consist substantially in submitting to the action of heat napthalene
and hydrocarbon bodies containing napthalene. I do this by passing
napthalene or hydrocarbon bodies containing napthalene in the state of
vapour through tubes or retorts heated sufficiently high to cause the
decomposition of the napthalene. I find that a bright red heat is suffi-
cient for this purpose, but I do not confine myself to this particular
temperature. I assist this decomposition by increasing the amount of
heating surface in the retorts by filling the retorts with pieces of wood,

page_text: charcoal, coke, fire-bricks, or any substance that will stand the tempe-
rature and give increased surface, and I obtain by this means anthracene
along with other bodies. I separate this anthracene from the other
bodies mixed with it by distillation, crystallization, or sublimation, by
any of the well known methods used for this purpose by chemists.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Friedrich Greiner and
Jacob Friedrich Hiller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd August 1870.
We, GEORGE FRIEDRICH GREINER, and JACOB FRIEDRICH HILLER, of
No. 2, Shawfield Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a velocipede constructed as follows:-There
are two wheels on one axletree where the seat with the whole weight
is (upon this one axletree), beneath this seat is fixed a rail which con-
nects a small wheel in the front where the feet will rest, and is used
for guiding (with the feet) in any required direction, and also as a
break to stop the machine instantly.
The mode of operating this velocipede is to drive each of the wheels
by itself which are moving loosely on the axletree; on the nave of each
of the two wheels is fixed a lock wheel, about the diameter of the nave,
and close to each of them is a toothed lever. These levers which turn

page_text: on the axletree are moved by the hands backwards and forwards or up
and down, by which means the wheels are turned and the velocipede
worked. Perfect safety and the facility with which sharp corners can
be turned, combined with great ease in the aequirements for driving,
are the principal characteristics of this Invention.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WATERING AND SWEEPING STREETS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Schück at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1870. A communication from abroad by Mr. J. Wetzlar of Berlin.
I, GEORGE SCHÜCK, Merchant, of 13, Idol Lane, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WATERING AND SWEEPING STREETS," a communication
from Mr. J. Wetzlar, of Berlin, to be as follows:-
This improved machine is composed of two principal parts, namely, an
upper and an under carriage. The upper carriage is constructed of plate
iron and consists of a cistern for holding water having two pipes for the
admission of air and water and two pipes with cocks for letting the
water through a connecting tube of gutta percha into the sprinkling
pipe, which is at the front of the carriage. In front of the cistern is the
driver's seat, at the side of which are the handles for admitting or
shutting off the supply of water to the sprinkling pipe and for throwing
in and out of gear the wheels and levers which give motion to the
sweeping brushes. At the back of the cistern is the dirt box. Under
the cistern are the front wheels of the carriage, on each of which is a

page_text: toothed wheel, one for driving the brushes which are set at an angle to
throw the dirt of the street upon an inclined plate, and from this into the
dirt box. The brushes are set in boxes so that they can casily be replaced.
The boxes have hinges and springs which cause the brushes always to
touch the street. The other toothed wheel drives brushes for sweeping
the gutter which project beyond the carriage so as to sweep ouside the
wheel, and have hinges and springs to enable them to surmount any
obstacles. These brushes throw the rubbish under the carriage and it is
then swept up an inclined plane into the dirt box by the other brushes.
On the frame which supports the sprinkling pipe are attached a few
strong brushes for scattering the larger dirt heaps. Behind the axle of
the back wheels is a movable frame supporting a roller, on which are
eight or other convenient number of rows of brushes; these brushes
revolve several times for each revolution of the carriage wheels to which
they are connected by levers and gearing, and sweep any dirt that the
front brushes may have left into a dirt box at the back of the carriage.
We prefer to make the brushes of steel wire. There is a guard fixed at
the back of the carriage to protect the brushes on the back roller and
prevent the splashing of dirt. By this improved combined machine
for watering and sweeping streets when the water in the cistern
diminishes the dirt box is gradually filled, so that the weight of the
machine remains about the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES AND CRABS FOR HOISTING AND HAULING PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Curr Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1870.
I, GEORGE CURR-THOMPSON, of No. 21, Hounsfield Road,- Sheffield,.
in the County of Yorkshire, Britannia Metal Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES AND
CRABS FOR HOISTING AND HAULING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates chiefly to those cranes and crabs which are
usually employed in lifting and moving heavy weights, such as large
stones, iron girders, and the like, for building and other similar purposes,
but it is applicable to all purposes for which cranes and crabs are
generally employed.
The objects are, firstly, to facilitate the hoisting and hauling of such
weights or heavy bodies without fear of the rope or chain running out
again by overcoming the strength of the person engaged in working the
crane or the crab; secondly, to enable the attendant to hold and to retain
the load at any point or even to leave it unattended with safety; and,

page_text: thirdly, to give ready means of disengaging the gear to admit of the load
being lowered with speed.
I fit the barrel or drum upon which the rope or chain is wound with a
diagonal or worm-shaped toothed wheel for the thread of an endless screw
to take into. The endless screw is supported in a block which can be
moved in a groove or between cheeks in the main frame or standard by
a threaded bolt working through a fixed nut and actuated by a key or
hand wheel in any convenient manner. Levers may be employed in
place of the threaded bolt. The spindle or shaft of the endless screw
may be furnished with a crank handle or band wheels for turning the
'same. In lifting or hauling the teeth of the worm and worm wheel arc
engaged, and when the load or weight has to be shifted from one place
to another (suspended) the action of the wheel teeth is to bite the worm
teeth in such a manner as to prevent the rotation of either. When it is
required to "lower" the weight the worm is to be turned in the reverse
direction, it may however be lowered at a greater speed by turning the
hand wheel to lift or withdraw the block so as to disengage the teeth,
when the descent of the weight must be governed by a break arrangement
in the ordinary manner.
I do not confine myself to fitting one worm and one wheel to the cranc
or the crab, as two of each may be fitted which may be worked singly or
in combination.
MENTS IN SHIP SIGNALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vital de Tivoli at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1870.-A communication from abroad by Signor Augusto
Guattari, of Castellamare di Stabbia, Italy.
I, VITAL DE TIVOLI, of 10, Gresham Park, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHIP SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
It consists in certain mechanical contrivances set in motion by
atmospheric air or other elastic fluid pressed through a pipe so that a
variety of signals may be transmitted through each one pipe, which signals
are more specially applicable to ships, to establish an easy and efficient
mode of instantaneous communication between the captain and the steers-
man, and also to show to other ships the direction of the steering, as well
as to communicate with other ships by means of conventional signals.
The correspondence between the captain and the steersman is effected by
means of a tube having at one end, viz., that near the captain, a kind of
dial with a number of orders on its face corresponding to the points of the
compass, and a handle travelling round upon them and stopping on any
of them, and for a longer or shorter time at the will of the captain. At

page_text: the other end of the pipe near the steersman a corresponding dial with a
bell call or whistle is placed, and whenever the captain stops the handle
on his dial on one of his words of command a corresponding word is
signalled on the steersman dial. The pipe may be made of any material
as may be deemed best.
The signals showing to coming ships the direction of the steering are
made by the means of a turning lamp or lamps hung to the mast or
other points of the ship. The lamp has a tricolored glass or glasses,
viz., white in the centre and red at one side and green at the other.
Two small reservoirs of air or other elastic fluid are placed laterally to
the rudder, which by its movements presses the air through a pipe and
causes the rotation of the lamp to the right or left, exactly as the
rudder turns.
By means of another reservoir with air or other elastic fluid and a
connecting tube a combination of differently colored lamps having
rotatory movements placed at mast top is fitted to signal and correspond
by night with other ships, while by daytime a system of light variously
colored drums would be substituted, or any other form of rotatory colored
signals.
I■PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING HEMP, FLAX, JUTE, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1870.
I, WILLIAM SHANN, of Pateley Bridge, in the County of Yorkshire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I■PROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING HEMP, FLAX, JUTE, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in machinery for breaking fibrous materials such
as hemp, flax, or jute consist in the application of pins or studs to the
peripheries of the grooved retaining rollers at present used for holding
the material during the operation of breaking or smashing.
In order that my improvements may be clearly understood I shall
describe the machinery at present used. In a suitable frame are two
revolving shafts at any convenient distance above and below each other;
they are geared together by spur gear. On each shaft at suitable
distances apart a pair of rollers are fixed, their peripheries are grooved,
male and female, and revolve in contact with each other, the adhesion
between the peripheries being regulated by a pair of weighted levers

page_text: pressing upon the bearings of the shaft to which the upper rollers are
attached. Revolving rapidly between these grooved rollers on a separate
shaft is a wheel, which is termed the smasher. The method at present
used is to cut the fibrous material into short lengths, and the operative
taking one or two of these lengths in his hand holds them across the face
of the said grooved rollers; they are drawn through by the rollers
and broken up by the smasher whilst passing through. This is a very slow
process:
My improvements consist in fixing on the sides of the rims or peri-
phories of two of the aforesaid grooved rollers that are on the same
shaft (by preference the lower ones) a series of projecting pins or studs.
As these rollers revolve slowly the operative takes the hemp, flax, jute,
or other material, fastens one end to one of the said projecting pins on
the grooved rollers, passes it across to one of the pins on the other
grooved roller, and winding it alternately from the pins of one roller to
those of the other, the material is thus stretched immediately in front of
the smasher or breaking wheel and does not require to be cut to lengths,-
but as the grooved rollers revolve each piece is subjected to the action
of the smasher; thus the operation of breaking is considerably facilitated..
These projecting pins are equally applicable to those breaking machines
where a smasher is not used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CUTTING TOOLS OR LAPS USED BY GLASS CUTTERS, LAPIDARIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR HANDICRAFTSMEN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hoffman and
Henry Eustace Fearn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th October 1870.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HOFFMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and HENRY EUSTACE FEARN, of the same
Place, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CUTTING TOOLS OR LAPS USED
BY GLASS CUTTERS, LAPIDARIES, AND OTHER SIMILAR HANDICRAFTSMEN," to. be
as follows, that is to say :-
:-
We take a composition of calcined and ground flint or its equivalent
in silica clay of the description found in the counties of Devon or
Dorset, and steatite or soapstone. We reduce the clay to fluid with
pine water, and to the weight of twenty-four ounces to the pint, the
flint to thirty-two ounces, and the steatite to about twenty ounces.
The steatite should contain its full proportion of mica. Of these
ingredients we take the following proportions or thereabouts :-Of the
diluted clay nine gallons, of the diluted flint seven gallons, and of the
steatite mixture one gallon, these proportions being variable according
to the density required in the finished article, the flint necessarily

page_text: increasing its hardness. These ingredients are then intimately mixed
and the water is to be evaporated, the mixture being constantly stirred
until it has attained the consistency of a stiff clay, which must now be
worked to expel all air bubbles, and it may then be shaped, and when
sufficiently set turned in a lathe (if requisite), and if sufficiently dry
then exposed in a kiln for forty-eight hours or thereabouts to a gradual
but intense heat.
CONSTRUCTING A CYLINDRICAL IRON KERB FOR THE RECEPTION, REPAIRING, AND MAINTAINING TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Beamish, of 5, Elgin Road, Saint Peter's
Park, Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the
Invention of "CONSTRUCTING A CYLINDRICAL IRON KERB FOR THE RECEPTION,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Beamish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and De-
claration, on the 30th May 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I WILLIAM
BEAMISH, of 5, Elgin Road, Saint Peter's Park, Paddington, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS, I am in possession of an Invention for "CONSTRUCTING
A CYLINDRICAL IRON KERB FOR THE RECEPTION, REPAIRING, AND MAINTAINING
TELEGRAPH WIRES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
and my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that such

page_text: Invention I believe will be of great public utility, and that I am the true
and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Beamish, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed in and by the following
statement:
To be cast of the same external form and size as the stone kerb now
in use, to be laid down in varying lengths, these lengths to be connected
by tongues or bolts. At convenient distances to have openings with
lids, through which openings the wires can be supplied, renewed, and
repaired. These lids to be cast with internal hinges and fastenings with
scupper holes to prevent the settlement of water. For the purpose of a
branch into any premises where the telegraph may be in operation a
branch or curve of similar form shall pass through the pavement; and
for the purpose of the kerb crossing a roadway from pavement to pave-
ment there shall be a fall, and at the approach of the opposite pavement
a corresponding rise. The top of the whole of the kerb to be roughed
or grooved.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Beamish, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM BEAMISH. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED STOP MOTION APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BLEACHING, SCOURING, DYEING, SIZING, AND DRESSING WARPS, YARNS, AND FABRICS, ALSO IN CARDING AND COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dewhirst, Thomas
Dewhirst, and Joseph Dewhirst at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th June 1870.
We, WILLIAM DEWHIRST, THOMAS DEWHIRST, and JOSEPH DEWHIRST,
of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineers, Millwrights, and General
Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED STOP MOTION APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN BLEACHING, SCOURING, DYEING, SIZING, AND DRESSING WARPS, YARNS, AND
FABRICS, ALSO IN CARDING AND COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to self-acting means of stopping the action or
motion of machines, through which yarns, fabrics, or fibrous substance
in a continuous rope, piece, sheet, or sliver are passed to be operated
upon, and when anything occurs to prevent a free or proper passage
thereof, so as to avoid damage to such materials or substances, or to the
machine, also to avoid danger to the attendants.

page_text: For this purpose we apply to one or more parts of the machine one
or more levers, each carrying a roller (by preference) or a rod over or
under, and pressing against which the materials or substances are
caused to travel; and this roller or rod is balanced to the average
pressure thereon by weight or tension of the materials so as to maintain
its position by their continuity, or the average pressure of the passing
materials; but when the continuity is broken, or the pressure increased,
decreased, or removed by any obstruction occurring, then the lever or
levers are at liberty to operate so as to act upon the strap guide of the
machine, and to move the strap or belt from the fast to the loose pulley,
or in case of a machine driven by clutch box then to throw the same
out of gear, and thereby, in either case, to stop the action or motion of
the said machine; and to assist in the rectification of a machine thus
stopped we apply a ratchet wheel to some leading or first motion shaft,
and a lever with catch to enable the attendant to work the machine
backward for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Moses Merryweather
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th September 1870.
I, RICHARD MOSES MERRYWEATHER, of the Firm of Merryweather
and Sons, Fire Engine Makers and Hydraulic Engineers, of No. 63,
Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex, and York Street, Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire engines and has
reference to the construction of such engines so that they may be
worked by the power of horses or other draught animals. For this
purpose, according to one modification of my Invention, I combine
an endless platform and rotating barrels or drums with the pumping
machinery of the engine in such manner as that the weight, or muscular
power, or both, of a horse or other animal (or animals) on the endless
platform shall cause the same to move and turn the barrels or drums.
In order to obtain a good steady stream or jet (or jets), and to render
uniform or nearly so the duty of the horse or other animal (or animals)
employed to work the machinery, I prefer to employ two pumps both

page_text: receiving motion from the shaft or axle of the one drum, and both
drawing from the same suction, and feeding into the same air vessel.
The axle or shaft of the barrel or drum is by preference formed or pro-
vided with cranks so as to give motion direct and simultaneously to the
piston rods of the two pumps. In constructing engines on this principle
with one pump only I provide a suitable fly wheel in order to render
the working of the entire apparatus more steady and to prevent the
slipping of the horses or animals employed for giving motion thereto
by means of the endless platform. Otherwise in lieu of the endless
platform above described I employ in combination with the pumping
machinery an arrangement of gearing to which motion is given for
working the pumps by the drawing power of the animals employed,
which according to this arrangement may be yoked or harnessed to the
shaft or pole of the apparatus and caused to walk round the engine or
otherwise when working the same.
In all cases when constructing fire engines according to my Invention
I arrange them so that the horses or other animals employed may be
yoked or harnessed thereto for taking the engine to and from the scene
of the conflagration.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-PRESSURE MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Colston Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1870.
I, EDWARD COLSTON WILLIAMS, of Bristol, in the City and County
of Bristol, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-PRESSURE MACHINERY TO BE
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto pumps driven by steam or other power have been used to
obtain high-pressure water in the accumulator or retort used in presses
for the manufacture of hats and other light articles, such as metal and
felt ornaments and leather articles.
Now these improvements consist in the utilization of water as supplied
by public companies or from other sources, and the augmentation in
pressure of such water by means of a ram or vessel constructed for the
purpose, and containing two chambers, an upper and a lower, fitted with
suitable pistons or plungers and valves, the pressure in the lower
chamber acting on a larger surface and forcing the contents of the

page_text: smaller or upper chamber into the accumulator or retort or in the press;
also in the use of a ram similar to that above described for lifting the
dishes, pots, or moulds now in use in hat presses and at present lifted by
screws, eccentrics, or levers.
The improvements may be carried into effect by making the various
chambers and parts of metal of the proportions and shapes desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mendel Josephi at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1870.-A communication from abroad by Thomas
Simmons, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of
America.
I, CHARLES MENDEL JOSEPH, of Grosvenor House, South Place,
Kennington Park, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS," (a communication
from Thomas Simmons, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United
States of America,) to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists of the following, reference being made to
accompanying Drawings :-
A represents a hollow cylinder which I use as my filter. One head of
this cylinder is moveable and the other is stationary, and to each head
is connected a pipe D, upon which is a screw thread for connecting it
by means of a union B to a pipe G, through which the liquid to be
filtered is conducted from a force pump. Within the cylinder A is placed
a frame C, which consists of a coil of wire with heads secured to it at

page_text: each end. The frame C is covered with any suitable fibrous textile
material, and the ends of this covering are tied or bound fast to the
heads of said frame. A pipe E passes into the frame C, and one end of
said pipe connects with that pipe D which conducts the liquid into the
frame. The pipe D connects with a pipe G, which leads to a force or
other suitable pump, and said pipe is provided with a series of branch
pipes, to which a series of similar filters to the one above described may
be attached. The frame C can be reversed in the cylinder A, so that
when it becomes clogged or obstructed by impurities calculated to
prevent the free action of the same the liquid can be made to cleanse it.
The outer ends of the pipes D, D, being both provided with screw
threads, by means of which the union B connects either one of them
to the pipe G, it will readily be seen that when the filter becomes foul
that by reversing it and connecting its lower end to the pipe G water or
any other suitable liquid can be forced through it for the purpose of
removing all obstructions from its interstices. This filter may be used
for filtering water or any other liquids.
Having thus fully described my Invention, what I claim as new and
desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-
1
First. The case A provided with a moveable head, and each of its
heads being provided with the pipes D, D, upon which screw threads
are formed, so that the filter can be reversed and cleansed, substantially
as set forth.
Secondly. The frame C as constructed and combined with the case A
and pipes D, D, and G when used with a force pump, as and for the
purposes set forth.