IMPROVE. MENTS IN WORKING SUGAR REFINERIES, AND IN SUGAR MOULDS AND APPARATUS FOR TRIMMING THE LOAVES THEREIN
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard, Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN WORKING SUGAR REFINERIES, AND IN SUGAR MOULDS AND APPARATUS
FOR TRIMMING THE LOAVES THEREIN."-A communication from abroad by
TaDentiste Losonh Quéruel of Neuilly France.
Sealed the 8th November 1861, and dated the 14th May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
AL
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1861.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING SUGAR REFINERIES, AND IN SUGAR MOULDS AND APPA-
BATUS FOR TRIMMING THE LOAVES THEREIN," (communicated to me from abroad
by Jean Baptiste Joseph Quéruel, of Neuilly, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in placing the pan or copper from which the sugar
for filling the moulds is to be taken at the bottom or lower floor of the building,
in forming the building with a shaft fitted at top with a hoisting and lowering
apparatus,.and communicating with each of the floors on which the moulds to
be filled are kept. The pan is fitted with a valve commanding an outlet pipe
in the bottom thereof, from which the sugar is run into a jacketted filling pot
formed, by preference, with a spout and provided with a cover. The filling
pot, after being charged, is run upon a truck into the shaft and hoisted to one
D
27

page_text: or other of the floors where the moulds to be filled are placed; it is then put
upon another truck and is suspended from a tackle and blocks in such manner
that it may be tilted and the contents poured into the moulds. The moulds
are formed at bottom with an aperture which is threaded, and which is closed
by a pointed metal spile which rises a slight distance inside the mould and
forms a hole in the head of the loaf of sugar; the spile terminates inside the
mould in a button, on which a washer rests to make a tight joint. The moulds
with the spiles screwed in are held in frames constructed of wood, with aper-
tures for the moulds to be supported in; double lines of rails are laid on each
floor, and the frames with the moulds are run about, for the purpose of filling
and otherwise, in carriages on them. Water cans are also provided, and these,
being filled, are wheeled on the carriages to the moulds for the purpose of
their being washed, so that they need not be taken from the particular floor
on which they are placed; spouts for carrying off the water after having been
used are provided for each floor. For the purpose of trimming the base of
the sugar loaf I place a dome-shaped frame over the mould, which frame
carries on the end of a spindle cutters or scrapers which, on being rotated,
make the base of the sugar loaf even, and at the same time give a bevel edge
thereto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 14th November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that
I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WORKING SUGAR REPINERIES, AND IN SUGAR MOULDS AND APPARATUS FOR TRIMMING
THE LOAVES THEREIN," (a communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Joseph
Quéruel, of Neuilly, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed,to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
This Invention consists in placing the pan or copper from which the sugar
for filling the moulds is to be taken at the bottom or lower floor of the building,
in forming the building with a shaft fitted at top with a hoisting and lowering
apparatus,and communicating with each of the floors on which the moulds to
be filled are kept. The pan is fitted with a valve commanding an outlet pipe
in the bottom thereof, from which the sugar is run into a jacketted filling pot
formed, by preference, with a spout, and provided with a cover. The filling
pot, after being charged, is run upon a truck into the shaft and hoisted to one
or other of the floors where the moulds to be filled are placed; it is then put
upon another truck and is suspended from a tackle and blocks in such manner
that it may be tilted and the contents poured into the moulds. The moulds
are formed at bottom with an aperture which is threaded, and which is closed
by a pointed metal spile which rises a slight distance inside the mould and'
forms a hole in the head of the loaf of sugar; the spile terminates inside the
mould in a button, on which a washer rests to make a tight joint. The moulds
with the spiles screwed in are held in frames constructed of wood, with aper
tures for the moulds to be supported in; double lines of rails are laid on each
floor, and the frames with the moulds are run about, for the purpose of filling
and otherwise, in carriages on them. Water cans are also provided, and these,
being filled, are wheeled on the carriages to the moulds for the purpose of
their being washed, so that they need not be taken from the particular floor
on which they are placed; spouts for carrying off the water after having been
used are provided for each floor. For the purpose of trimming the base of
the sugar loaf I place a dome-shaped frame over the mould, which frame

page_text: carries on the end of a spindle cutters or scrapers which, on being rotated,
make the base of the sugar loaf even, and at the same time give a bevel edge
thereto.
To shew clearly the manner in which the Invention is carried into effect,
I proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying Drawings, and
commence with an illustration of the spile herein-before mentioned. This
spile, a view of which is given at Figure 1, is made of copper, tin, iron, iudia-
rubber, or other suitable material; its stem is screw-threaded near the head
in order that it may be quickly fixed or withdrawn; instead of securing it by
screwing, any other plan of fastening may be adopted, as, for example, a
bayonet joint, or when of india-rubber a simple plug, similar to that shown at
Figure 2, may be employed. c is a caoutchouc or leather washer for rendering
the spile tight. For sugar moulds where the head is not strong enough to
stand the tapa copper or other metal nut may be soldered in it, and the spile
inserted therein. The pans or coppers A, Figure 3, from which the sugar for
filling the moulds is taken, are placed on the ground, or on any other floor of
the building. Discharge from the pans is effected through a conical plug e,
which is raised by a cord d passing over pulleys. The plug e closes the
discharge pipef, below which a filling pot or receiver B, Figure 4, is placed.
A plan is given at Figure 5, shewing two pots, one of which is raised, while
the other is lowered; in this Figure is also seen the method of fitting the
cover . j is a lever for opening and closing the plug in the bottom of the
pan B. The lower part of the pipe f is closed by the valve h, worked by
the handle g. The filling pot B is intended for carrying up the sugar from
the pans to the different floors of the factory where the filling of the moulds is
effected. On that floor where the pans or coppers A are placed the pot B is
filled through the discharge pipe f. The filling pot is then placed on a truck T,
as shown in Figure 10, which runs on rails, and is wheeled under the trap,
from whence it is drawn up by a windlass or otherwise. When the pot B
reaches the floor where the moulds are to be fitted it is placed on a truck C
on rails L, and wheeled to the end of each floor. On the same rails L there
is another carriage D, having pivoted frames, the number of which varies
according to the number of moulds it is to receive, whether four or eight, as
shewn in Figures 6, 7, and 8, or any other number. The moulds are placed
in a frame E, which can be removed as required, and is free to turn on an
axis in such manner as to bring the moulds U alternately under the pot B
carried on the other truck C. The moulds U are placed in the rings X of the
frame E. Figure 6 shows the trucks C and D close together. Each quarter
of a circle theframe E describes a fresh mould is brought under the outlet

page_text: from the pot. An attendant, by means of the lever j, opens the valve / of the
pot B, and fills the first mould; he then gives the frame a quarter of a turn,
which brings another mould under the pot B, and so on. The truck shown
at Figure 6 is constructed for four moulds, that shewn at Figures 7 and 8 is
pivoted at l, m, n, and carries eight moulds; to operate the latter the attendant
gives the top plate of the carriage, which is pivoted at m and supported on
four rollers o,a half turn, whereupon four empty moulds take the place of four
filled moulds. When all the moulds are full two attendants, by the aid of a
yoke shown at Figure 9, hook the four filled moulds by the hook p taking into
rings on the frame E, and carry them to the mould beds where they are to be
laid as shown in Figure 10; they are replaced by another lot of from four to
eight empty moulds, according to the number the frames will hold. If the
beds where the moulds are to be placed are close to the trap where the filling
pot is hoisted it is merely placed on a stand G, Figure 4,and there the moulds
are filled. The moulds may also be filled in the following manner :-A set of
four empty moulds is placed on a platforın suspended to the cords, by which
the moulds are brought up; the trap through which they pass is placed as.
near as possible to the pans or coppers on the ground floor; the four moulds
are filled before quitting their platforın; they are then raised to the desired
floor, when they are removed by attendants, and taken to the beds they are to
occupy. While four filled moulds are ascending four empty moulds are made
to descend. The pot B is jacketted or surrounded with an outer case, and the
space between it and the pan is packed with charcoal dust or other non-
conductor, to prevent the contents of the pot getting cool. In Figure 10 the
hoisting is effected by an engine with two cylinders, and with a windlass or
roller. The diameter of this roller is set so that it may make about from
one to two revolutions to take the pot B the height of a floor. By this
method of filling with the pot at bottom all carriage of the moulds from floor
to floor is avoided.
Figure 10 shows in section the whole arrangement of a factory fitted up as
before described, but instead of having only three floors, as shewn in the.
Drawing, there may be four, five, or, in fact, as many as necessary for the
requirements of the factory. On the first floor, marked No. 1, in Figure 10,
the method adopted for clarifying sugar is indicated. H is a hollow column
for conveying the clarifying liquor, which descends from the floors above; I is
a caoutchouc,gutta percha,or leather pipe, jointed to the cock J,for supplying
the can K, which an attendant holds in his hand, with the clarifying liquor.
A cock,not seen in the Drawing, is fixed to the pipe I, by which the attendant
regulates the supply to the can; M is a truck, running on the rails L, as,

page_text: shewn in Figure 10, for conveying the loaves after withdrawal from the
mould. The moulds are washed on each of the floors without their being
removed from floor to floor. Rails L are laid along the centre of each of the
floors for bearing a four-wheeled truck N, carrying one or several cans or
troughs O full of water, and the truck is drawn up to the moulds, which
require washing; after they are washed the truck is drawn on to the next, and
so on. The cans or troughs are emptied into outlet pipes, fitted in various
parts of the building for the purpose. P, P, are vats on the upper floor,
containing the clarifying liquor as well as the water which may be required.
for use. The loaves are carried in trucks running on the rails L, similar to
those marked M, N, in numbers 2 and 3. The sugar for filling the moulds
may be raised to the different floors by atmospheric pressure or by steam, in
which case coppers or pans must be placed on each floor for receiving it.
Apertures are formed in the lower part of these coppers, through which the
contents are run out and the moulds are filled while on a truck, and are then
wheeled to the beds; or the coppers or pans may be placed on the upper floor,
and the sugar may be run down to receivers ou each of the floors, and from
which the moulds may be filled, as before described.
Figure 11 is a view of the apparatus for trimming the base of the loaves.
Q is the dome-shaped frame, which is placed on the mould; R is a vertical
axis, made to revolve by a cranked handle S, and carrying several cutters or
scrapers V, which as they rotate trim and give a sharp edge to the base of
the loaf.
By this Invention many of the processes ordinarily followed in sugar
refineries are dispensed with, whereby much time and labor are saved.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the "Improve-
ments in Working Sugar Refineries and in Sugar Moulds, and Apparatus for
Trimming the Loaves therein,"-
First, the arranging and working of sugar refineries,in manner herein-before
described.
Second, the construction and employment of a spile or plug for closing the
aperture in the bottom of the moulds, substantiallyas herein-before described,
and particularly illustrated, at Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Third, the construction of the paus or coppers from which the sugar for
filling the moulds is to be taken with a valve at bottom commanding an outlet
pipe, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated at Figure 3 of
the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fourth, the employment of a jacketted filling pot with spout, cover, and
outlet valve, in manner and for the purposes herein-before described, and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, the employment of a carriage or truck at the bottom of the factory
for carrying the filling pots with the apparatus for hoisting the latter to one or
other of the floors, and the employment of a second carriage or truck running
on rails on each floor for carrying them and pouring the contents into the
moulds, all substantially in manner herein-before described with reference to
the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, the construction of frames for holding the moulds, and the employ-
ment of carriages and double line of rails on which they run, all as herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh, the method of clarifying sugar herein-before described.
And, eighth, the construction of the apparatus for trimming the bases of
sugar loaves, herein-before described, and illustrated at Figure 11 of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereuntoset my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.s.)