IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED WITH GENERATING, CONDUCTING, AND APPLYING ELECTRICITY FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isac Louis Pulvermacher, of 194, Regent Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED WITH
GENERATING, CONDUCTING, AND APPLYING ELECTRICITY FOR MEDICAL AND
OTHER PURPOSES."
Scaled the 24th April 1874, and dated the 29th October 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th October 1873.
I, ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of 194, Regent Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED
WITH GENERATING, CONDUCTING, AND APPLYING ELECTRICITY FOR MEDICAL AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
'
-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus or appliances
connected with generating, conducting, and applying electricty for
medical and other purposes..

page_text: According to one construction of the exterior plates, say of negative or
negatively coated metals, I form two wings or flaps one being larger than
the other and with projecting portions forming hooks or tongues between
them but at the edges. The two wings are rolled or bent in opposite
directions or in the same direction in flat or other shaped coils, with
spaces between them for the reception of rolled or coiled plates of the
opposite metal, say zinc, which can be pushed down into position and be
there retained in any suitable manner, the zinc being furnished with
thread or a fibrous body to preserve insulation and to serve as a medium
for retaining exciting liquid therein.
According to another construction I cut out a portion from between
the two wings and form the hooks at each end double, so that they are
folded one piece upon the other to form single hooks of doubled strength,
the two wings being rolled or bent into coils as in the former case for
the reception of the zincs.
a
The zincs or other positive metals for the above makes of coppers
I form from sheet and wire zinc, the two being connected at the
bottom to hold them at the respective distances apart and for casy
insertion.
According to another construction I only roll or bend one of the wings
into a coil, the other being left flat or nearly so in order that the zinc
which is bent or shaped to suit may find a lodgment, and be held within
the folds or partly within and partly without. By this means I can
use my elements in a dry state to be excited only by the perspiration
thrown off from the body of the wearer, as a single liquid element by an
exciting liquid or as a constant element by fitting sponge, felt, or a core
of chemical compound such as is described in my previous Patent.
No. 2062, 8 July 1869.
The elements can be arranged to form a chain of any length to be
applied to any part of the body, and the exterior or one side only may
be perforated, gilded, embossed, or otherwise ornamented to form say an
electric bracelet with a gold exterior.
If the zincs are in strips I first cover the strip with a spiral thread
saturated with gum or other soluble adhesive to fix the thread on in
spirals, so that when the separate plates or pieces are severed the thread
remains upon them. The plates can then be bent into shape and
immersed in water to dissolve the adhesive substance, the plates are

page_text: afterwards dried and the thread is in a state to absorb exciting liquid for
the future.
The zinc or positive metal can be perforated and sewn to a backing of
fibrous body before it is cut up into plates and previous to the bending
or rolling operation.
According to another part of my Invention the metallic band is
composed of a flat wire bent or wound upon two folded edge tapes in a
spiral form, the spirals being pressed into close contact with the tapes to
hold the twists at the proper distances apart. The wire twists are lefta
slight distance apart and the spaces between the spirals serve for the
exudation of a plastic or sticky substance; when the band is placed
upon it the sticking substance being upon a backing of linen, leather, or
other fabric, so that when applied to the part of the body affected the
wires are in close contact with it, and a current is generated by the
retained perspiration thrown off from the body, thus an article can be
made up for conducting purposes, so that should one of them of copper
wire be placed upon one portion of the body, and such a band of zinc
wire upon another part of the body and connected by a conducting wire
a current is caused to act through the body from one band to the other.
The wire and the tapes after being made up in lengths can be cut into
comparatively small pieces to form separate plates, and these can be so
arranged that plates of opposite metals in proximity can form elements
in themselves, additional tapes or threads being inserted like warp
threads to prevent the wires touching each other should the plates or the
bands be pressed perfectly flat, which they may be for some constructions
of bands or elements.
In some cases the spirals of opposite metal wires are nearly close
together, spaces being left for the sticky substance to exude through the
two opposite metals, being at equal distances apart, at each turn of the
spirals with top and bottom tapes and with a central longitudinal tape
to prevent the crossings of the wires touching each other, the small
spiral twists of wires may be wound upon separate tapes, and these may
be kept as bands or be cut up into separate elements after being again
wound upon tapes which can then be brought almost into contact to
make them of flat form as required. These peculiar constructions of
bands and plates or elements are very flexible in every direction. and
adjust themselves to the contour of the particuliar part of the body to

page_text: which they are affixed by the adhesiveness of the sticky substance with
which they are supplied upon one of their faces; they may however be
sewn or otherwise attached to a backing whose edges or borders only
can have the adhesive substance spread upon them, the central portions
then being free to act electrically by the wires of a battery with which
the wires are put into communication in order to supply a current of
electricity to the body by dry conduction.
The bands or the plates (elements) can also be partly or wholly
enclosed in a covering of any suitable material, waterproofed, and an
exciting liquid can be made to pass into or through, say a series of
clements or through the band of tubular form for producing what is
known as wet conduction, the liquid being forced therein or thereto by
a pump or a flexible waterproof bag.
In the case of forcing an exciting liquid into a band or into a series of
plates (elements), I purpose employing two of such bags, one being at
each end of the band so that the liquid can be forced through it from
one bag to the other, and vice versa, to facilitate the washing out of
the elements, the bags being slipped over nozzles on caps, which caps
may for the washing operation be temporarily fitted over the ends of the
band. The band for this is composed of flat or square shaped wires
uncovered as negative metal, while the other or positive metal wire is
of round form and partly covered by a thread, but they may both be of
round or of square wire and wound upon edge cords.
According to another mode of winding the wires upon edge cords or
threads to keep the opposite metals together without touching the wires
are laced or wound alternately upon and under 'the edge threads or
additional threads can be laid longitudinally between the back and the
front layers of wires to keep the layers apart. If I lace all the threads
into and between the wires I can make the band of cylindrical or an
equivalent shape.
The next part of the Invention relates to methods of attaching or
connecting the elements to form a chain, and consists in forming a lip
by bending the tip of one of the hooks at right angles to its body, and
in forming a slot or recess in the edge (single or double) of the zinc of
the neighbouring clement through which the bent tip must be passed
before the look can have access to the interior of the zinc previously
bent to form the voltaic connection between the elements, so that the

page_text: bent tip can never come so low as to allow a disconnection to take place
while the chain is in wear or while being folded or rolled up for any
purpose.
.
The next part of my Invention consists of a pronged or two armed
apparatus between which prongs is an insulated block or stem carrying
a pair of pinions with teeth upon them, the teeth being upon a portion
only of the periphery of each to gear with two toothed bars upon the
prongs in alternate order, and produce a continuous or nearly continuous
rotation in one direction of a star or interrupting wheel, the teeth or
pins upon which are in succession struck or borne upon by a spring
pallet for making and breaking an electric current. The two prongs are
arranged at the bend to the block so that their ends can be pressed
towards each other, and then to spring back again, so that their bars
produce the movement of the pinions or the interruptor, as a wheel or
disc can be worked by a pinion or wheel which is caused to rotate by
the push and spring out movement of a lever, or by a ratchet and paw!
with a push in stud or button. The disc may have pins upon it to
come into contact with one or other of a series of studs which when
turned half round can be withdrawn and kept out of contact when
desired. The disc wheel may be enclosed in a box or casing of open
worked metal.
.
The last part of my Invention consists of an electric brush or rubber
composed of an insulated fabric into or through which wires or pins are
inserted like a "card." This "card" is secured to the edges of two
plates which are curved in opposite directions to form a hollow between
them for the insertion of one of the chains before alluded to for
establishing electric currents within the brush when the battery is
excited. The brush may however be provided with a handle in which a
battery may be placed and connection made therewith.
.
The card or brush wires are so arranged that when the brush is being
used as a brush or as a rubber the wires by the pressure receive the
electricity from the plates with which their backs or snook wires are in
contact.
Tooth and other brushes may be made in this manner and metallic
bands may be fitted to hold the battery in place, and to act as conducting
· hands or plates.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAC LOUIS
PULVERMACHER, of 194, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrical Engineer, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, Her
special licence that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Isac Louis
Pulvermacher, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED WITH GENERATING,
CONDUCTING, AND APPLYING ELECTRICITY FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher,,
my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme.
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus or appliances
connected with generating, conducting, and applying electricity for
medical and other purposes.

page_text: According to one construction of the exterior plates, say of negative
or negatively coated metals, I form two wings or flaps, one being larger
than the other and with projecting portions forming hooks or tongues
between them, but at the edges. The two wings are rolled or bent in
opposite directions, or in the same direction in flat or other shaped coils
with spaces between them for the reception of rolled or coiled plates of
the opposite metal, say zinc, which can be pushed into position and
be there retained in any suitable manner, the zinc being furnished with
thread or a fibrous body to preserve insulation and to serve as a medium
for retaining exciting liquid therein.
According to another construction I cut out a portion from between
the two wings and form the hooks at each end double, so that they are
folded one piece upon the other to form single hooks of double strength,
the two wings being rolled or bent into coils as in the former case for
the reception of the zincs.
The zincs or other positive metals for the above makes of coppers
I form from sheet and wire zinc, the two being connected at the
bottom to hold them at the respective distances apart and for easy
insertion.
According to another construction I only roll or bend one of the
wings into a coil, the other being left flat or nearly so, in order that the.
zinc which is bent or shaped to suit may find a lodgment and be held
within the folds or partly within and partly without. By this means I
can use my elements in a dry state to be excited only by the per-
spiration thrown off from the body of the wearer as a single liquid
element by an exciting liquid, or as a constant element by fitting
sponge, felt, or a core of chemical compound, such as is described in my
previous Patent, No. 2062, 8 July 1869.
The elements can be arranged to form a chain of any length to be
applied to any part of the body, and the exterior or one side only may
be perforated, gilded, embossed, or otherwise ornamented to form, say,.
an electric bracelet with a gold exterior.
If the zincs are in strips I first cover the strip with a spiral thread
saturated with gum or other soluble adhesive substance to fix the thread
on in spirals, so that when the separate plates or pieces are severed the
thread remains upon them. The plates can then be bent into shape and
immersed in water to dissolve the adhesive substance, the plates are

page_text: the future.
The zinc or positive metal can be perforated and sewn to a backing of
fibrous body before it is cut up into plates, and previous to the bending
or rolling operation.
Figure 1 is a view of the plate cut into the form referred to in the first
part of this description, and in or on which two wings a, a¹, are formed,
one being of larger size than the other both in length and width, so that
it may when rolled occupy a depth greater than that of the small
wing a¹, which is also rolled into circular shape after being creased at b
as in Figure 2, either in a contrary direction, as in Figure 3, or in the
same direction, and in that case I prefer that the rollings be in the flat,
as in Figure 4, with sufficient spaces between each roll or bend for the
reception of the piece or pieces of opposite metals, say of zinc d, which
has been previously protected from contact by a fibrous thread, either
wound on in spiral open form and caused to adhere by a sticking
substance prior to the piece being severed from the strip on to which
the thread is wound, the adhesiveness of the thread upon the plate
serving to retain it in position until pushed into the spaces of the folds
or rolls of the other plate when making up an element, the winding of
the gummed thread being in distant spirals to ensure perfect penetration of
moisture of the element when saturated for wear or application, as will be
understood by reference to Figures 5 and 6, which show a plate in the flat
and in the rolled state respectively as prepared. The plate with the two
wings a, a, before mentioned has a prong or hook c at each end, these
being formed or cut at the same time as the wings are stamped, and
these hooks enable a series of elements to be connected in voltaic con-
nection to form a battery, each element being so articulated to its
neighbouring one as to constitute a chain of any length for the
production of electricity in quantity, or be rolled up in any suitable
manner for producing electricity in intensity, the two ends of the chain
forming the two poles of the battery in a manner well known. The
hooks of the elements are grooved at c by stamping, to give additional
strength to the plate of which they are formed.
Instead of the zinc strip d having gummed thread wound upon it it
may be first perforated with equidistant holes, and then be passed under
the operation of a sewing machine, the feeding of which must correspond
:

page_text: to the holes in the plate to enable the needle to enter and produce a
sewing of thread e, as shown in Figure 7, and with or without a fabric
being sewn to one side.
The perforations and sewing may be in any order, and as another
example of what can be effected I show in Figure 7ª a zinc plated with a
double row of equidistant holes, with a zig-zag double sewing of thread e,
each plate being sewn separately or in strips, to be afterwards cut up into
plates of element sizes, the threads e, e, being severed at the severing
edge of the plate prior to rolling into circular or into spiral form. The
zinc plates d, d, are in most cases of the same depth as the larger wings
of the copper plates, and their meeting edges when rolled are left a short
distance apart, so that the hooks of the neighbouring copper plate can
be passed through the gap, which is arranged near to the hooks of its
own copper plate. The element is then turned half round to bring the
5 hooks against the full portion of the zinc, and the connection becomes
complete, as in Figure 8, in which two elements only are shown.
:
Figure 9 represents a copper plate double winged, but with a space f
cut away from the portion where the hooks c, c, are formed, so that the
bending of the plate through the central line of the hooks brings two of
their surfaces together, and gives extra strength to them, the wings a, a¹,
being afterwards rolled in the same direction, as before explained, or in
opposite directions, as in Figure 10.
Figure 11 shows a series of outer or copper plates coiled alternately in
opposite directions, separate zincs being between the coils and attached
6 to a base plate of the same metal, such as a disc, so that all of them can
be pushed into the spaces at the same time, their distances apart being
first determined to prevent contact. The zincs can however be all par-
tially covered by thread or the outer piece of zinc of the series in each
element only, as found convenient.
:
Figure 12 represents a double winged copper plate, with the wings
bent into opposite directions, and with a zinc plate in one space and a
zinc core as a rod or plug d in the centre, the core and the zinc plate
being in conductable connection by a cross pin.
Figure 13 is a view of a copper plate with two wings a, a¹, from the
same side of the hooks c, c, but of different depths, so that when rolled
up in the same direction as one piece a spiral coiled zinc can be puslied
into the spaces, as in Figure 14, the width of the larger wing a when

page_text: rolled stopping short of the portion of the zinc where the hooks of the
neighbouring elements touch. Zine plates of the same form, but without
hooks, can be rolled up with the copper after the thread is applied to the
zinc, as in Fig. 7.
Figure 15 represents a single or it may be a double winged copper
plate as a modification of the plates before spoken of. In this case the
tip of one of the hooks c is bent at right angles to enter and pass through
a notch f¹ formed in the zinc d, as in Figure 16, prior to the hooks and
their plate being turned in the neighbouring element to form the con-
nection as links of a chain.
Figure 17. shows another form of double winged copper plate according
to my Invention. Here the two wings a, a¹, are formed from the same
surface of metal by cutting slits at equal or unequal distances apart, and
forcing the divided pieces into opposite directions to form a kind of cage,
as in Figure 18, for the reception of the zinc, of elongated flat form,
as in Figure 19, the hooks of the outer plate being passed through the
gap of the meeting edges of the zinc, and then turned half round in the
element to form the link connection. It will be seen that the two ends
of the copper plate are left intact, so that the separation of the ribs or
bars is only to the extent of the cutting of the ribs. Any form of thread
covered or thread protected zinc plate can be used for this shape or
make of outer plate, but I prefer to fit the zig-zag thread sewn plate d,
Figure 7, in because the crossings of the thread and the depth of the
crossings give good bearing surfaces to prevent the two metals, positive
and negative, of the element touching..
Figure 20 represents another form of copper link plate. This is
dished in its length between an eye at each end, in which dished portion
a length of thread covered zinc is placed, and then the two are folded as
one body or element into the shape shown in Figure 21, the two eyes of
the element having a long slot in them for passing over the eyes of the
next element to form the link connection of the chain. The outer metal
of the elements or some of them only may be perforated before or after
the edges of the strip are turned up or the plate otherwise dished, as
found convenient.
Figure 22 shows one end only of the strip or plate with an eye, and
the other end with a claw, so that when the neighbouring link or
element is put over a slight twist of the two ends will permit of the claw

page_text: taking into the eye, and forms a catch by springing back to its normal
condition, and fastening it in a secure manner; or, instead of connecting
the ends in either of the foregoing methods, a ring can be used, as in
Figure 21, but in this case the elements would appear in alternate
opposite directions, whereas when they are self-connected they will all
appear in the same direction, as in Figure 23, the zinc in wire. form
being previously coated with a thread wound in distant helices to permit
of the copper contact of the neighbouring element with it between the
helix.
The grooved metal a is susceptible of various applications in the
making of my bands, and also in that of my voltaic chains.
According to the Drawings each open link L is composed of a
grooving in its inner face terminated by two eyes m, m³, the breadth
of which is composed of that of the bottom of the said grooving and
the two bent down edges. These eyes m, m³, are pierced with a hole for
the passage of a little link or ring n for the purpose of uniting the
link L one to another metallically and voltaically at the same time;
in this case the links will be alternately, the one seen upright and the
following one seen flat. But if it would be desired to have all in the
same direction it would suffice to replace the ring n by a double hook
twisted at right angles, one would arrive at the same result by hooking
the links directly one to the other. As shown each link receives in
its grooving a zinc wire d folded into an U form, surrounded previously
with a textile thread turned in separated spirals in order to prevent
its metallic contact with the link of which it forms a part; the spirals
of textile thread can be squeezed towards the ends of the zinc but
kept separated in the elbow, so as to permit the easy contact of the
copper of one link with the zinc of the neighbouring link.
In Figure 20 a link plate a with the groove is formed by stamping,
and the ends m, m³, are provided with an opening p cut at the same
time as the plate. This opening permits from its elongated form of
introducing therein one end of the neighbouring link when it is
desired to dispense with the ring n and hook the links directly one to
the other.
•
Figurë 22 shows a plate a extended with the end m; that m¹ is
replaced by a cutting in an arrow form x; so that when the plate is
folded the arrow-shaped catch is caused to enter the opening p, where

page_text: it becomes hooked and held by the points x², x¹¹, in the narrowed part
of the opening p.
The next part of my Invention relates to the metallic band con-
struction; I purpose composing it of a flat wire, bent or wound upon
two folded edge tapes in a spiral form, the spirals being pressed into
close contact with the tapes to hold the twists at the proper distances
apart. The wire twists are left a distance apart, and the spaces between
the spirals serve for the exudation of a plastic or sticky substance when
the band is placed upon it, the sticking substance being upon a backing
of linen, leather, or other fabric, so that when applied to the part of
the body affected the wires are in close contact with it and a current
is generated by the retained perspiration thrown off from the body.
Thus an article can be made up for conducting purposes, so that should
one of them, of copper wire, be placed upon one portion of the body
and such a band of zinc wire upon another part of the body and
connected by a conducting wire a current is caused to act through the
body from one band to the other. The wire and the tapes after being
made up
in lengths can be cut into comparatively small pieces to form
separate plates, and these so arranged that plates of opposite metals
in proximity can form elements in themselves, additional tapes or
threads being inserted like warp threads to prevent the wires touching
each other should the plates or the bands be pressed perfectly flat,
which they may be for some constructions of bands or elements.
:
In some cases the spirals of opposite metal wires are nearly close
together, spaces being left for the sticky substance to exude through,
the two opposite metals being at equal distances apart at each turn
of the spirals, with top and bottom tapes and with a central longitudinal
tape to prevent the crossings of the wires touching each other; the
small spiral twists of wires may be wound upon separate tapes, and
these may be kept as bands or be cut up into separate elements after
being again wound upon tapes, which can then be brought almost into
contact to make them of flat form as required. These peculiar con-
structions of bands and plates or elements are very flexible in every
direction and adjust themselves to the contour of the particular part
of the body to which they are affixed by the adhesiveness of the sticky
substance with which they are supplied upon one of their faces; they
may be sewn or otherwise attached to a backing whose edges or borders
only can have the adhesive substance spread upon them, the central

page_text: portions then being free to act electrically by the wires of a battery
with which the wires are put into communication in order to supply
a current of electricity to the body by dry conduction.
The bands or the plates (elements) can be also partly or wholly
cnclosed in a covering of any suitable material, waterproof, and an
exciting liquid can be made to pass into or through, say a series of
elements, or through the band of tubular form for producing what is
known as wet conduction, the liquid being forced therein or thereto by
a pump or a flexible waterproof bag.
In the case of forcing an exciting liquid into a band or into a series of
elements I purpose employing two of such bags, one being at each end
of the band so that the liquid can be forced through it from one bag to
the other, and vice versa, to facilitate the washing of the clements, the
bags being slipped over nozzles on caps; which caps may for the
washing be temporarily fitted over the ends of the band.
this is composed of flat or square shaped wires uncovered as positive
metal, while the other or negative metal wire is of round form and partly
coated by a thread, but may both be of round or of square wire and
wound upon edge cords.
The band for
According to another mode I wind the wires upon edge cords or
threads to keep the opposite metals thereon without touching; the wires
are laced and wound alternately upon and under the edge threads, or
additional threads can be laid longitudinally between the back and the
front layers of wires to keep the layers apart. If I lace all the threads
into and between the wires I can make the band of cylindrical or an
equivalent shape.
Figure 24 represents what I term the simplest form in which my
improved bands can be made up in continuous lengths and then
separated into suitable sizes to form, when arranged in voltaic order,
separate elements capable of being secured upon or to a backing in any
suitable manner, or to be used as separate adhesive self generators of
electricity when applied to the body. a is a wire preferably of
rectangular form in cross section wound in spiral order upon two folded
edge tapes b, b, upon or to which the wire is pinched to cause the two
materials to hold together, as before explained, the wire being either of
positive or of negative metal according to the manner in which it is
intended to be used.

page_text: Figure 25 shows a portion of a band in which the positive and
negative metal wires a, d, are wound upon edge tapes b, b, there being
longitudinal threads c, c, near the edges and between the plies of wire
to prevent them touching each other when the layers of wire are pressed
together or flat.
Figure 26 is a view of a portion of a band composed of the two
heterogeneous positive and negative metals a, d, wound in equal spiral
distances upon edge tapes b, b, and also upon a central tape c, to which
the wires are pinched in contact as well as with the edge tapes b, b, for
the purpose explained.
E
1
Figure 27 shows a short piece of double or separate wires d, d, wound
upon edge tapes b, b, arranged rather close together to form a narrow
ribbon which can be afterwards wound upon the other edge tapes b¹, b¹,
as in Figure 28, prior to being cut into separate elements, to be used as
a band for wet conduction by covering it with a fabric, or by sewing the 1
clements down upon one, and by putting them into voltaic contact in
the well known manner, or by fixing them down upon a fabric by
sewing or by some sticky substance, so that when the sticky substance
is arranged to exude through the interstices of the band and from the
border of it also, it will by its adhesion to the body when applied cause 2
a self generation of electricity by the perspiration thrown off from the
body.
Figure 29 shows the two wires to form an element wound upon
separate edge cords b, b, b¹, b¹, that for the exterior or copper wire being
the larger of the two, and with the space between the edge cords left 2
open; a sufficient pinch of the wires at the bends upon the edge cords
being obtained from their texture so that the thread coated inside or
zinc wire similarly wound upon edge cords 6, 6, but of smaller width can
pass into the space and be held by the vicinity of its covering threads
against the exterior negative wires, thus forming a pliable band notwith- a
standing the zinc band being worked within the hollow copper band.
The essential character in this form of band consists in the copper or
other negative metal of the elements being constructed as one article
only, the band of zinc of the same elements as a separate article to be
afterwards united in voltaic order, the two following the different
dimensions, so that the second band can penetrate into the first from
one end to the other, or even become lodged there before or after the

page_text: manufacture of the band carrying the copper. A portion of a made-up
band is shown in face view in Figure 30 of the accompanying Drawings,
and in transverse section in Figure 31 in the position of one within the
other.
I
The zinc wire
In making up a band carrying the copper I arrange parallelly two
textile cords 6', 6', of an indetermined length. I turn into close and flat
spirals a copper wire a of no matter what form around these two cords,
passing from one to the other. I employ textile cords by preference in
order to give to my bands the greatest flexibility in the direction of their
.length. I proceed in the same manner with the zinc wire d passing
round the cords b, b, of a convenient diameter and separation in order
that the zinc band may lodge in the hollow copper one.
has previously been surrounded with a textile thread throughout its
length in broad spirals in order that the zinc band lodged in the copper
one may not produce a metallic contact between zinc and copper, since
these metals are isolated from one another by the textile thread e, which
surrounds the zinc. That done, when my band is finished, I remove at
different places one or more spirals of copper of the exterior band, and
then one or more spirals of zinc of the interior band in order to separato
the elements, as shown in Figure 30 at x; it suffices then to reunite the
clements voltaically to connect the end of the copper wire of one element
with the end of the zinc wire of the neighbouring element. The other
extremity of each of these threads is rolled upon the respective cords
and pinched into its place in order to be held.
My bands may have a variable length, and their extremities may be
terminated, the one by a buckle or hook of negative metal and the other
in positive metal, both put into voltaic communication with the elements
of the band to which they relate and the polarity of these piles. This
band can be excited by dipping it into a convenient liquiḍ.
I have represented in the section, Figure 32, a copper band similar to
that at Figure 31, the inner zinc band of which is narrower so as to
lodge between them a tube g of flexible caoutchouc, one end of which
is provided with a ball forming a reservoir to contain the exciting liquid,
and on which it is sufficient to press in order to spread the liquid
; throughout all the length of the band by means of little holes formed
in the tube'g in the parts within the elements. This tube g may be
drawn in after the band is made up into a complete state or arranged

page_text: with the zinc band portion only for the copper band to be wound round
it and the zinc band and upon its own edge cords.
I have shown in section at Figure 33 a similar band capable of being
excited by submersion, the band being rolled in block upon itself, that
is to say, in spirals. For this purpose the copper band is not changed,
but the zinc band is less broad, its breadth not being necessary to be
greater than is sufficient to attain the level of the liquid placed in the
vessel serving for the immersion. For certain applications it will be
convenient as I proceed to describe to leave beyond the liquid a part of
the breadth of the copper band.
In order to avoid the contact of the neighbouring spirals (when the
band is rolled into a block) I place towards one of the edges and upon
one of the lateral faces of each clement a sort of little plate h or cut out
piece of leather, wood, hardened india-rubber, or other insulating
material, represented in plan in Figure 29, and in modified front and
detail view in Figure 34. These plates h have for object, first, to
maintain the separation of the spirals rolled into a block; and secondly,
to permit the circulation of air between these spirals, a circulation which
is important for the depolarization, assuring the relative constancy of the
current. The plate h is provided with little hooks i, i, with the object
of giving access to a kind of caoutchouc ring g', which hooks are hooked
at i, i, by making them pass behind the element in order to hold the
plate / in place.
I have shown at Figure 35 another means of attaining the same
result. This Figure represents separately an element of my bands
carrying towards each of its edges a double button or stud h similar to a
shirt stud, and of some insulating material of a certain hardness. As
shown the shank of each button is lodged in the spirals formed by the
thread of metal in order that it may be held there in place.
It will be understood that on the rolling up of a band these buttons
adhering to the elements will maintain the separation of the spirals of
the band rolled into a block. The buttons will suffice for large bands,
but for narrow bands a single button placed upon each clement in the
bands will fulfil the same purpose. These arrangements will have the.
advantage of permitting the complete immersion of a band in the
exciting liquid, and I reserve to myself the right of employing these
means for my old bands with copper and zinc wires placed alternately

page_text: side by side as for my double bands. These stud buttons also possess
the advantage of holding in place a fabric by means of button holes,
when this fabric is folded upon the band, and covers it, as I will explain
further on. I can obtain the same result of the isolation of the spirals
of the band by interposing between these spirals a sort of undulating
strap, as shown in Figure 36, which can be sewn upon the band near the
edge, or lie upon it independently.
Another important method of preserving the isolation of the coils is
effected by the employment of buttons or beads, as in Figure 34", of
insulating material which can be threaded on to an additional copper
wire at the side of and parallel with the other copper wire, and be wound
on the edge cords or tapes, so that the buttons or beads appear at
intervals on one side of the band so distributed and sufficiently numerous
for keeping apart the layers of the coiled up band, which are to be held
together by an clastic band encircling the whole. The inner core of the
coil I purpose to make hollow either as a vessel or reservoir for the
exciting liquid in connection with the rubber tube in the band or for the
reception of accessories to be used in electro treatment.
.
In Figure 33, at j, is shewn a fabric adhering by sewing in the middle
of its length to an edge of the band. This fabric has been lifted at each
side before the rolling in order not to be moistened. But when the band
is withdrawn from the liquid, and the surplus moisture has had time to
drop away and the band has been unrolled, this fabric j is brought down
over the two lateral faces of the said band so as (so to speak) to serve it
as an envelope. The surface of the fabric h, which touches the band, is
rendered impermeable in order that it may not absorb the liquid, and the
other surface intended to be applied to the body is of cotton, wool, or
other soft fibre.
6
Figure 37 represents in section an apparatus by which the dipping of
my chains into an exciting liquid can be effected. The apparatus con-
sists of a receptacle A with, say, three hollow legs, in each of which is
fitted a spring B for the legs of a table C to rest upon. The chain to be
dipped is first rolled up and then dropped into a space in the table top,
when the whole can be pressed downwards to compress the springs and
immerse the chain to the required depth in the liquid, the springs
returning the chain & table top to the upper part when the pressure is
removed.

page_text: .
.
Figure 38 shows a bag or vessel D at each end of a hollow chain or
band, but this is only intended when the elements require washing out,
in which case the hollow band being first coated or enveloped in a cover
k, and the two end caps 1, 1, applied, one bag D is filled with liquid and
then slipped over the nozzle E, when a compression of the filled bag
will cause the liquid to pass through the band or chain L to the bag D
at the opposite side, from which it can again be forced back to and fro as
often as the operator likes. If the two metals of the elements are
wound at the same time upon the edge cords it will not be necessary for
the central space to be left so large, it being only necessary to leave
sufficient spaces for the passage of the exciting liquid. If the tube is
fitted with a wire it can be led from the elements to the flat face of the
bag. A plate, as a pole plate or metallic tissue D', being fitted beneath.'
Again, the elements or the wires of which they are formed can be of
any shape, from a flat to a round, as in Figures 39, 40, and 41, and
threads may be interlaced to keep the wires or spirals apart, as in Figures
42 and 43, and in lieu of the spiral or helical coating thread shewn more
particularly in Figure 38, or an interlacing such as I have shown in
Figure 44 at intervals for the purpose of keeping the wires in position
and protected from metallic contact.
Figure 45 is a view of a portion of a galvanic band with the two
metals in wire wound in equidistant spirals upon edge tapes b, b, and
with other tapes through the centre, or more properly speaking a ribbon
q and a tape r. Many variations in the arrangements of the ribbons
can be made for the purpose, the one shown being only given as an
example of making a band in which salts can be held. I interpose
between these two ribbons q, r, salts in powder, in paste, capable of
dissolving through perspiration or damping, so as to produce a reaction
upon the zinc and hasten the production of the electricity. The wires
d, d*, are of zinc, the others a, a, of copper are placed in the samé order
as in my previously described band. I reserve to myself the right to
replace the ribbons and the tapes of these bands, as well as of all those
analogous ones described in my preceding specifications by the cloth of
textile threads placed side by side fulfilling the same end, while at the
same time economizing the weaving of the bands. The zinc wire of one
element at 8 is cut and soldered with the copper thread, also cut from
the neighbouring element. The connections of these threads or bands
of one element to the other takes place as I proceed to describe. At the
་ཝཱ

page_text: time when the work is commenced I place longitudinally at the side of
the ribbons or of the textile threads at the place where the soldering
ought to take place a flattened and stamped out thread of metal 8. I
form my zinc and copper spirals a, d; and I roll upon the said thread s
from one end to the other of the band a toothed roller heated to operate
the soldering at the place where the teeth bear upon the threads at the
same time as on the wire a, d; to unite their ends. It will be under-
stood that the distances of the teeth of the roller corresponds exactly to
the length of an element. That done I cut with pincers the wires at
each side of the soldering, and at the same time I cut the wires a, d,
as shown in the Drawing, in order to separate and to form the elements
by this severing of metallic continuity. My bands are thus elemented
with the greatest simplicity. The ends of the threads, which are in the
elements, and are not soldered therein, are withdrawn therefrom by
means of pincers. My band is terminated at each end by a plate of
metal t; certain parts of which are cut and opened slightly to permit of the
introduction of the ribbons q, r, & edge tapes b, b, these being afterwards
flattened in order to pinch and hold the tapes and ribbons firmly thereto.
One of these plates adheres to one end of the band, the other to the other
end of the band, one of which is terminated by an eye U, and the other
by a hook for the connnection, or a wire can be put into contact with the
conducting wire leading to any battery.
In forming my flat bands and dividing the length into elements, as in
Figure 45, I sometimes attach a backing which has holes in it corrc-
sponding nearly to the sizes of the elements, so that when the band is
applied to the body an exciting liquid may be infused and become
impregnated by sponging or otherwise from the outside of the backing,
the moisture entering through the holes and charging the elements to
effect what is termed electroderm. The holes serving also for the appli-
cation of mustard leaves or other counter irritants, the action of which
through the holes on the skin renders the latter more conductable for a
current produced by a few clements only, and enabling also to obtain a
considerable action by very diluted acid (vinegar or water alone).
Figures 46 and 47 represent articulated elements composed of wires
wound upon short bars or rods v, v, of gutta percha or other insulating
material, from which hook wires w, w, are arranged to project for hooking
one element to the next, and so on for any length, the hooks being part
of metal wires set in voltaic connection. The inner wire of zinc is of

page_text: round form in cross section, and is covered or coated with spiral thread,
on to which the outside wire of copper dished or grooved on its under
side rests, as in Figure 48, the two wires being wound at the same time,
and the copper upon the zinc over the rods v, v, and not side by side as
in my previously described arrangements. In this & in my former
Patents specifications the rods v, v, can be replaced simply by a wire of
copper enveloped in a fabric or other isolating body.
.
In order to obtain the grooving I commence by forming one wire of
copper by means of a draw plate. I raise the two edges. That done I
lodge in the grooving a wire of zinc previously surrounded with a textile
thread with the object of preventing its metallic contact with the
grooving which it fills; then I form the spirals as I have explained
above, the zinc being inside; then when the clements are terminated
they are metallically connected by means of the hooks w, w, and
voltaically by uniting the zinc of one element with the copper of the
neighbouring one.
In order to facilitate the access of the exciting fluid to the elements I
reserve to myself the right of piercing little holes throughout all the
length of the grooving and upon its bottom, as in the left-hand link,
Figure 21, in order to be able to wet the elements of the foregoing
construction and of others for exciting, and to make use of them in
a coiled up state without any important loss or naturalization of elec-
tricity.
The next part of my Invention relates to mechanical interruptors set
in movement by pressure of the hand to and fro to produce circular
motion of a disc or wheel, which operates the making and breaking of a
current. The first method consists of a pronged or two-armed apparatus,
between which prongs is an insulated block or stem carrying a pair of
pinions with teeth upon them, the teeth upon a portion only of the
periphery of each to gear with two-toothed bars upon the prongs in
alternate order, and produce a continuous or nearly continuous rotation
in one direction of a star or interrupting wheel, the teeth or pins upon
which are in succession struck or borne upon by a spring pallet for
making and breaking an electric current. The two prongs are arranged
at the bend to the block so that their ends can be pressed towards each
other, and then to spring back again so that their bars produce the
movement of the pinions or the interruption, as a wheel or disc can be

page_text: :
worked by a pinion or wheel, which is caused to rotate by the push and
spring-out movement of a lever, or by a ratchet and paul with a push in
stud or button. The disc has pins upon it to come into contact with one
or other of a series of studs which when turned half round can be with-
drawn and kept out of contact when desired. The disc wheel may be
enclosed in a box or casing of open worked metal.
Several modifications are shown; in the first arrangement, Figure 49,
the apparatus is composed of a circular box i containing a cross bar j,.
from which a disc or power wheel k is suspended so that the disc can
rotate when acted upon by the lever 1 through the crank pin m when the
lever is pressed by the hand. The crank rod n is pinned to a swivel
pivot of the lever, and its reverse movement is governed by a spring o,
whose rigid end is fixed to a handle p, a pin being in the handle for the
lever end to rock upon and to move up and down by its slot.
.
The under face of the disc carries a number of points or projections q,
these being arranged in concentric rings, as in Figure 50, and they vary
in number in each ring to regulate the number of contacts according to
the wish or desire of the operator. The box contains, say three
studs r,r, either one of which can be released to project further than
the others. This released one is thereby put into position to touch the
ring points of its series as the wheel rotates, the other studs being
retained out of contact by their thumbscrew heads being drawn outwards
and turned at right angles to the head of the one in action. Springs
are employed to shoot the studs in when the heads are turned into a
proper position, otherwise they are kept out of contact by the shoulders
of the heads bearing against the outside of the box. These different
positions are clearly shown in the Figure.
Figures 51 shew 54 show various other methods of operating the disc
wheel by a lever from the outside. In Figures 51 and 52 the lever
operates the spindle of the wheel through the intermediation of a pinion.
In Figures 53, and 54, the lever does it through a double rack gearing
alternately into a pair of pinions which are loose upon the same axle,
the pinions being capable of travelling to actuate the axle by spring
pauls taking into notches in the axle to ensure the axle turning in one
direction only.
Figures 55 and 56 show the lever attached to a connecting rod-by
which the central spindle is rotated, the spindle being cranked for that

page_text: i
purpose. Figure 57 is a view of the lever attached to a crank pin in
the intermediate pinion; and Figures 58 and 59 show a double ratchet
motion actuated by a push-in lever or stud. Figure 60 shows a similar
motion only through a vibrating lever. Figures 61 and 62 show a disc
wheel as having a pinion upon it to which a connecting rod is attached
to obtain the movement by the action of the lever, the wheel in this
case being of dished or grooved form near its edge, and the handle of
insulated material, while the handle shown in Figure 49 is hollow and
of metal. Figures 63 and 64 are views of a slotted push lever arrange-
ment in which a reciprocating motion of the lever produces a rotation
of the crank pin. In one case this pin is upon the wheel and in the
other it is upon an intermediate pinion.
The last part of my Invention consists of an electric brush or rubber
composed of an insulating fabric, into or through which wires or pins
are inserted like a "card." This "card" is secured to the edges of two
plates which are curved in opposite directions to form a hollow between
them for the insertion of one of the chains before alluded to for
establishing electric currents within the brush when the battery is
excited. The brush may however be provided with a handle in which a
battery may be placed and put into connection therewith, the battery or
band used as such being either of one of the forms described in my
previous Patent, or one described in my present Specification.
The "card" or brush wires are so arranged that when the brush is
being used as brush or as a rubber, the wires by the pressure receive
the electricity from the plate with which their backs or snook wires
are in contact.
Tooth and other brushes may be made in this manner, and metallic
bands may be fitted to hold the battery in place and to act as conduct-
ing bands or plates. The following detailed description will show how
this portion of my Invention is carried into effect. Figures 65 and 66
show views of an electrical tooth brush up the handle ofwhich my
batteries (chains or bands) before referred to can be inserted, the
current passing into the hairs or fine wires as bristles, through the
prongs and the connecting plate, shown separately in Figure 67. If
hairs are fitted the brush must be used when wet, the liquid forming
the conducting medium. The prongs lie against the base of the bristles
set in a bone back, and the current is thereby from one pole of the
+

page_text: chain or band conveyed to the bristles by the plate connection with one
end of the chain at a, the circuit being maintained by the handle being
in connection at 6 with the chain. The handle is of metal and is held
in the hand of the person using the brush, so that the circulating
electricity passes from the brush to the gums and through the body to
the handle, thereby completing the circuit. The chain is otherwise
insulated from the handle by a wrapping or by a lining in the
handle.
Instead of using prongs I fasten the bristles in the holes by unoxi-
dizable metallic wires, and lead the ends of the wires into connection
with one pole of the battery in the hollow handle, the other pole of the
battery being set in connection with the metallic envelope fastened
round the handle from which the whole length of the battery is
isolated, except by that portion where the connection of the poles takes
place. In using this brush the operator holds the metallic envelope of
the handle in one hand and closes the circle by the wetted bristles when
applied to the gums and tecth the current then passes from the brush
to the mouth and thence to the arm thus completing the circle.
Figure 68 represents a flesh brush, the hairs (fine wires) or bristles a
of which are in a backing of soft prepared rubber 6 resting upon a plate
of metal c of flat shape, the edges of which are turned over the edges of
another plated bowed or curved, and with the edges of the rubber
as an insulating medium held between, as shown. In this brush the
chain is also in the handle, and one pole of it is in connection at a¹ with
the plate c upon which the base of the bristles rests, the other pole at f
being in connection with the back d, and handle d' which is in a piece
therewith. The chain is insulated from the handle d', as described with
reference to the tooth brush, and also from the back plate d. The
current while the brush is in use is closed by the bristles, being in
contact with that part of the body intended to be acted upon, and the
handle in the hand of the person applying the brush to himself.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
Firstly. The several improvements in the construction of chain
batteries, as described and shown, composed of plates, strips, or other
forms in metal arranged in voltaic connection for conducting and
applying electricity for medical and other purposes.

page_text: :
-Secondly. I claim the several improvements in the construction of
bands composed of wires or strips in metal, arranged in voltaic con-
nection, as herein-before set forth and shown, for conducting and
applying electricity for medical and other purposes.
Thirdly. I claim the several improvements in self-adhesive and self 5
electric generating appliances, described and shown.
Fourthly. I claim the construction or formation of electro-negative
metal plates, as in Figures 1, 9, 13, 15, and 20 to 23, inclusive of the
annexed Drawings, and the rolling or folding of such plates for the
. reception of the electro-positive plates also rolled or folded, as described, 1
and substantially as shown for the purposes set forth. I also claim the
modified form or make of copper plate, shown in Fig. 17 of the
Drawings.
"
Fifthly. I claim gumming or otherwise causing thread or fibrous
material to adhere temporarily to plates, strips, or pieces of electro- 1
positive metals in open windings or wrappings, as and for the purposes
set forth, also fixing thread upon such plate by sewing, as described
with reference to Figures 7 and 7 of the Drawings.
Sixthly. I claim winding electro-negative and also electro-positive
.metal wires separately upon edge tapes or cords, substantially as 2
described with reference to, Figure 24 of the annexed Drawings.
Seventhly. I claim winding electro-negative and electro-positive metal
wire of any shape in cross section, or a combination of shapes in cross
'section upon edge tapes or cords, substantially as described with
reference to Figures 25 and 26 of the annexed Drawings, and with or 2
without intermediate threads, as set forth.
Eighthly. I claim winding made up lengths of combined electro-
negative and electro-positive metal wire on edge tapes 6, 6, upon other
edge tapes 6, 63, substantially as described with reference to Figures 27
and 28 of the annexed Drawings, for the purposes set forth.
Ninthly. I claim winding electro-negative and electro-positive metal
wire each upon separate edge cords or their equivalents, so that the zinc
band so formed can be lodged within the hollow copper band, substantially
*as
described with reference to Figures 29. and 30 of the annexed
Drawings, for the purposes set forth.
3
3

page_text: Tenthly. I claim making tubular or electrical bands by a combination
of electro-negative and electro-positive metal wires wound (interlaced
upon threads of fibrous material, substantially in the manner shown in
Figures 40, 41, 42, 43, and 44 of the annexed Drawings.
Eleventhly. I claim the construction or formation of bands, substantially
as described with reference to Figure 45 of the Drawings, and in which
the elements become charged by the action of depolarizing chemicals,
(salts or or oxides) in paste or solution absorbed by a porous coating.
Twelfthly. I claim the construction or formation of elements by a
combination of zinc wires of ordinary shape in cross section, on to which
grooved or channelled copper wires can be wound and be held in
proximity, voltaically, substantially in the manner described, with
reference to Figures 46, 47, and 48 of the Drawings, for the- purposes
set forth..
Thirteenthly. I claim the winding of two opposite electro-motor wires
one upon the other, upon edge or cnd rods of insulating material, and in
or to which insulating materials wires are arranged for connecting
voltaically, as described with reference to Figures 46, 47, and 48 of the
Drawings.
Fourteenthly. I claim the improved construction of band (in
elements) with a cover or envelope having holes in it, and the charging
by moisture of the elements, as described, to effect what is termed
"electroderm," and also the employment of such band with counter
irritants, as set forth.
Fifteenthly. I claim the means of insulating coiled up bands and
chains (batteries, in such a manner that they can act in a charged state
without loss of electricity, and whereby access of atmospheric air is
allowed and charging is facilitated, substantially as described with
reference to Figures 23, 29, and 35 of the Drawings annexed. I also
claim the application of beads or buttons of insulating material upon
bands to keep the coils apart when the bands are wound up, as described
and shown in Figure
.
Sixteenthly. I claim the construction of portable interruptors or breakers
and makers of electric currents, as described with reference to Figure 49 of
the Drawings, also the several modifications thereof with the mechanical
arrangement of appliances in combination with a revolving disc or

page_text: I. L. PULVERMACHER. (L.S.)