IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND IN BRICKWORK BUILT THERE WITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel St. Barbe Guillaume at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1863.
I; SAMUEL ST. BARBE GUILLAUME, of No. 81, Morland Place, in the Town
and County of the Town of Southampton, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN
MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND IN BRICKWORK BUILT THERE WITH," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to economise brick in the building of brick
walls, to construct them liollow when required to render brick work more easy:
of ornamentation, and to bond the work in a better and stronger manner than
is now done with ordinary bricks, also to facilitate the construction of arches,
latticework, and other ordinary ornamental and useful forms.
The nature and description of the said Invention consists in making bricks
of proportionate sizes, éither solid or perforated with square transverse sections.
The principal bricks are three in number, which I respectively call stretchers,
bonders, and headers, and make them of the following proportions:-Taking
the side or thickness of the brick to be unit, the length of the stretcher is 3,
the length of the bonder 2, and that of the header 1, or thereabouts; and in
order to obtain a greater variety of work and for filling in or closing half
stretchers and half headers are sometimes made, and the above proportionate
lengths increased. Walls would be occasionally bonded or tied together by
introducing wire, rope, or metal or wood rods, or other ordinary tie through
the perforations in the bricks, and arches would be formed or tied together in

page_text: the same manner, and the ends of the wire or rods would be secured with nuts
and screws, or in any other ordinary manner. When hollow walls are
required, spaces would be left, and the outer and inner work bonded together
by stretchers at proper intervals or by metal-cramps. Lattice and other orna-
mental and useful work would be formed of the perforated bricks tied and
secured as before described, and may be run in solidly with cement or mortar
grout. The hollow bricks would sometimes be stopped when required at one
or both ends with plain or colored ornamental tesselated tiles, slate, stone, or
other ordinary and suitable material, and devices would be formed therewith
by laying the bricks to the required design.
The description of the apparatus for making several bricks at the same time
would be as follows:-The moulds would be made with bottom and one side
without ends, the bottom being extended at each end a little longer than the
side. They would be so packed that the back of one would form the front of
the other, and kept firmly in that position. The ends of the moulds and the
outside of the extreme brick would be formed by a frame hinged at one end
and with handles at the other, by which the frame would be raised or lowered
at pleasure. After the clay is introduced into the moulds the top surface of
the clay would be struck off and the frame raised. If solid bricks be required,
they are now ready to be conveyed to the hack for drying, but if perforated
bricks be required, tubes of any ordinary and suitable hard material would be
placed at proper intervals and kept in position by means of a rod passing
through the tubes and frame. The frame would be then lowered and the tubes
compressed by the handles into the moulded clay, the top surface of the clay
struck off, the rods withdrawn, and the frame raised. The bricks would then
be ready to be conveyed to the hack, and the tubes taken out for re-use.