IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS Ox FASTENINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Loysel, of Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS Ox
FASTENINGS." A communication from abroad by Viscount de Kersolon,
of Paris in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 4th October 1860, and dated the 17th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Loysel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1860.
I, EDWARD LOYSEL, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Civil Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in locks or fastenings, relates to that de-
scription of lock or fastening which is constructed on the permutation principle.
In the present Invention this principle is applied to any convenient number of
cylindrical or tubular pieces of metal (say three for example) which are
placed one within the other so as to produce a concentric arrangement of
these parts. The projecting or outer edges of these concentric cylinders have
a series of letters, figures, or devices marked thereon in any desired order or
arrangement, and it is only when these letters, figures or devices are brought
into a certain predetermined arrangement or combination that the other
parts of the lock or fastening can be worked so as to admit of the bolt being
drawn for the purpose of shutting or opening the article to which the lock
has been adapted. The locking and latch bolts are placed in recesses made
in the inner side of the lock plate or frame, and they are worked by means
of a spindle which passes through the centre of the concentric permutation
cylinders.

page_text: Various mechanical contrivances may be devised for transferring motion
from the central spindle to the bolts, such for instance as racks and pinions,
pins or teeth taking into holes or notches or other suitable contrivances. A
part of the central spindle is squared, and made to fit a square hole or
socket in links attached to the locking and latch bolts or in the pinions
whereby the bolts are worked. The squared part of the spindle is made in
such a manner as only to act on one of the bolts at a time, and it is capable
of having an endward motion given to it for the purpose of bringing the
squared part of the spindle into the square hole of either bolt as may be
desired.
In order, however, to prevent the central spindle from being drawn back so
as to admit of it acting on the locking bolt except at the proper time, a cross
bar is keyed on to the central spindle, and is made to fit into recesses cut at
the inner back edge of the concentric cylinders, and as all these cylinders are
free to turn in either direction on their axes, it is absolutely necessary to know
the proper arrangement or combination of letters, figures, or devices, that
must be brought opposite to each before the notches or recesses at the back
edge of the cylinders can be brought into coincidence so as to admit of the
cross piece on the central spindle being drawn into them. A similar object
may be effected by providing the locking bolt with pins which are made to
work in grooves or notches cut in the back edge of the cylinders.
In order to prevent the combination from being discovered by "feeling"
the parts, as is sometimes the case, the inner edges of the moveable concentric
cylinders are toothed or serrated so as to deceive any person who may attempt
to tamper with the lock.
As, however, the combination of letters might be divulged unwittingly by.
the owner of the lock, and its security thereby destroyed, the cylinders are
constructed in such a manner to admit of permutating or changing the com-
bination at will. This is effected by dividing each of the concentric cylinders
into two parts about midway from the ends, and temporarily connecting these
parts (so that they move together) by means of projecting teeth or pins on
one part, which are caused to enter holes or dents made in the other and
corresponding parts of the cylinder. It will, therefore, only be necessary to
hold the back part of the concentric cylinders stationary, while the forward
end of the cylinder is arranged according to some combination different to the
former one. This having been done, the forward ends of the cylinders may
be let back again into connection with their rear ends, and the entire com-
bination will have been changed, and the lock thereby rendered secure.
Locks constructed on the principle above described, may be made very

page_text: simple and cheaply, and, if desired, the latch bolts may for some purposes be
dispensed with without detracting from the security of the lock, and a night
bolt, catch, or click may, if required, be adapted to the locking bolt or bar, so
as to prevent it from being shot from the outside until the catch or click is
removed.
All the parts may be manufactured with facility, and none of them are.
liable to be injured by use, or to get out of order.
It will of course be understood that the various parts admit of considerablo
modification without departing from the main principle of construction, and.
the arrangement of some of the parts must depend upon the particular purpose
for which the lock is intended to be used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Loysel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LOYSEL, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edward Loysel, Her special license that I, the said Edward Loysel, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Loysel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS," being a communication from Viscount de
Kersolon, of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edward Loysel, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great. Seal Patent Office within six calendar.
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Loysel, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say)-
This Invention of "Improvements in Locks or Fastenings," relates to that
description of lock or fastening which is constructed on the permutation
principle.
In the present Invention this principle is applied to any convenient number
of cylindrical or tubular pieces of metal (say, three for example,) which are
placed one within the other, so as to produce a concentric arrangement of
these parts. The projecting or outer edges of these concentric cylinders have
a series of letters, figures, or devices, marked thereon in any desired order or
arrangement, and it is only when these letters, figures, or devices, are brought
into a certain predetermined arrangement or combination, that the other parts
of the lock or fastening can be worked so as to admit of the bolt-being drawn
for the purpose of shutting or opening the article to which the lock has been
adapted.
The Invention may be applied to various descriptions of locks, such for
instance, as door locks, drawer, or box locks, book locks, and padlocks, but is
particularly applicable and useful for locks where great safety is required, such
as for securing safes, deed, and plate chests.
The Invention also admits of considerable variation in the arrangement of
some of its details according to the purpose for which the lock is intended to
be employed. In one form of lock which may be taken as a model, the locking
and latch bolts are placed in recesses made on the inner side of the lock
plate or frame, and they are worked by means of a spindle, which passes
through the centre of the concentric permutation cylinders.
Various mechanical contrivances may be devised for transferring motion
from the central spindle to the bolts, such for instance, as racks and pinions,
vibrating levers, or arms, pins, or teeth taking into holes or notches, or other
suitable contrivances adapted to the bolts, or some convenient part of the lock.
A part of the central spindle is squared, and made to fit a square hole or
socket attached to the locking and
arms, whereby the bolts are worked.
in such a manner as only to act on
capable of having an endway motion given to it for the purpose of bringing
the squared part of the spindle into the square hole of the pinion arm or lever
communicating with either bolt as may be desired.
latch bolts, or in the pinions, levers, or
The squared part of the spindle is made
one of the bolts at a time, and it is
In order, however, to prevent the central spindle from being drawn back so
as to admit of it acting on the locking bolt except at the proper time, a cross

page_text: bar or arm is keyed on to the central spindle, and is provided with either
thin vertical plates or pins, which are made to fit into recesses or holes cut
at the inner back edge of the concentric cylinders; and as all these cylinders
are free to turn on their axes, it is absolutely necessary to know the proper
arrangement or combination of letters, figures, or devices, that must be brought
opposite to each other before the notches, recesses; or holes at the back edge of
the cylinders can be brought into coincidence so as to admit of the vertical
plates or pins on the cross piece or arms, on the central spindle being drawn
into them.
In order to prevent the combination from being discovered by "feeling "
the parts, as is sometimes the case, the inner edges of the moveable concentric
cylinders are toothed or serrated, so as to deceive any person who may attempt
to tamper with the lock. As, however, the combination of letters might be
divulged unwittingly by the owner of the lock, and its security thereby
destroyed, the cylinders are constructed in such a manner as to admit of
permutating or changing the combination at will. This is effected by dividing
each of the concentric cylinders into two parts about midway from the ends,
and temporarily connecting these parts (so that they move together) by means
of projecting teeth or pins on one part or half of the cylinders, which pins or
teeth are caused to enter holes or dents made in the other half or corresponding
part of the cylinder. In order to change the combination, it will only be
necessary to hold the back part of the concentric cylinders stationary, while
the forward part of the cylinders is arranged according to some combination
different to the former one. This having been done, the forward parts or ends
of the cylinders may be let back again into connection with their rear ends or
parts, and the entire combination will have been changed, and the lock
thereby rendered secure. In order to diminish the thickness of the lock, it
will sometimes be found convenient to dispense with the cylinders, which are
divided into anterior and posterior parts, and employ in place thereof narrow
or short concentric cylinders, or rings, which are arranged in pairs in com-
bination, and control each other's action on the same principle as the anterior
and posterior parts of the divided cylinders.
Locks constructed on the principle above described may be made of very
simple construction, and cheaply; and if desired, the latch bolts may, for
some purposes be dispensed with, without detracting from the security of the
lock; and a night bolt, catch, or click may, if required, be adapted to the
locking bolt or bar, so as to prevent it from being shot from the outside until
the catch or click is removed.
In order that the present Invention. may be better understood, I have in

page_text: the accompanying Drawings shewn various views of different descriptions of
locks made according to the present improvements.
In Sheet I., Fig. 1 is a front view, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of one
form of the improved lock, as seen from the outside; in this latter view the
wooden or other frame in which the lock is mounted is supposed to be cut
away, in order to render the mounting of the lock more intelligible. Fig. 3 is
a horizontal section taken in a plane passing through the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a front view of the mechanism of the escapement; Fig. 5 is a
vertical section taken in front of the retaining clicks; Fig. 6 is a section taken
in front of the mechanism for actuating the bolts; Figures 7 and 8 represent
parts of the lock detached. The same letters indicate corresponding parts in
all the Figures.
The lock is composed of an outer casing a constructed of metal, as are all the
other parts; this casing a is tapped on the outside at a¹ for the reception of a
piece b, which is furnished with a female screw for that purpose, and by which
piece 6 the lock is attached to a door. In the centre is a spindle or rod c.
which answers the purpose of an ordinary key, as it fulfils all the functions of
that article commonly in use, but unlike that article it is permanently attached
to the lock. This spindle or key c is provided with an outside button c', by which
it is worked, and the spindle also carries a tube or socket d (Fig. 7), which
bas outside a flat spring d', serving to maintain the spindle or key c a little
outside the lock, for purposes to be hereafter explained; round this tube d
are three other tubes or cylinders e, f, g, (Fig. 3,) mounted concentrically to
the key c, and there are also three other tubes or cylinders h, i, and j, placed
above, and in fact forming prolongations of the three first-mentioned tubes or
cylinders e, f, g. The tubes e, f, g, are severally provided at their upper part
with two, three, or more teeth, which enter into some of the twenty-four slots
or dents made in the lower part of the other tubes h, i, j, as seen in Fig. 8.
These latter tubes are provided at their upper part with ratchet teeth, which
leave twenty-four hollows, into which enter three clicks k (Fig. 5), allowing
the said tubes to turn in one direction only, and preventing them from turning
in the opposite direction. The three tubes e, f, g, on the ends nearest the
button c of the spindle, or key c, are set so that their extremities form an
inclined plane or bevilled edge, as seen in Figures 1 and 2, their inclined or
bevilled edges being respectively provided with a small stud for working or
moving the tubes. The twenty-four letters of the alphabet are also marked
on the bevilled edges of these tubes. The extremity a' of the casing a next
the button of the spindle or key c is also bevilled, and bas on its inclined
extremity twenty-four letters, which, with the moveable tubes e, f, g, admits of

page_text: a word of four letters being formed at pleasure. At the extremity of the
three tubes h, i, j, two or more slots or nicks are made deeper than those of
the teeth, and in these nicks the arms 7, of which there are two shewn in the
Drawing, are capable of entering. These two arms are not set in a straight
line, but at a certain angle, as seen in Figures 5 and 6, thereby doubling the
number of difficulties which will be encountered in finding the places in the
tubes h, i, and j. When these nicks in the tubes h, i, j, are brought into
coincidence, or into a right line at any point by the position of the three
outside tubes e, f, g, the bolt of the lock may be drawn back and the lock
opened, but if one of these tubes be not placed in such a position that its
slot shall be in a line with the two others, the button c¹ of the central
spindle or key c cannot be drawn back, and if the spindle c be turned it will
not act upon the bolt. This effect of being able or not to open the lock by
means of the key when more or less depressed is produced by means of a
squared part (Figures 6 and 7) upon the rod or spindle, and on this latter
being drawn out this squared part will come opposite a square aperture in
the lever or arm n (Fig. 6), the other extremity of which is jointed to the
bolt m, and when the spindle c is not drawn out, a round portion of its length
will be opposite the square aperture of the lever or arm n, and consequently
on turning the spindle the bolt m will not be acted upon, this latter being,
as in ordinary locks, constantly pressed towards the staple (in order to
close the lock) by a helical spring placed inside the piece o, Fig. 6. This
arrangement of the levers or arms and n¹ employed for acting upon tho
spring bolt m or crochet, and the French bolt m' may be replaced by a pinion,
gearing either with one or both of the racks formed in or on the said bolts ma
and m', and in order that this latter may come exactly into one of the two
positions which it should occupy, a strong spring acts constantly upon a stop
or catch p, the projecting part P of which enters alternately one of two
notches in the bolt m'. This part of the mechanism of the bolts is covered by
a plater (see Figures 3 and 4), which may be perforated, to allow of the
passage of a small rods (Figures 4 and 6) mounted upon the bolt m, in order
to come in contact with an arm t, which acts upon an arm t, and causes it to
release the arm ; this latter carries the rod of the hammer 1, which
strikes a bell u every time the bolt is worked.
Now in order to operate the several parts of the lock, suppose it be required
to close the large bolt, it is first necessary that all the tubes should be
arranged according to the known combination; in other words, the tubes must
be brought into such a position that certain of their letters shall, when in a
line, form the required combination, which allows of the spindle or key c being

page_text: D
drawn outwards until the stop of a spring d¹ shall escape, when the locking
bolt may be acted upon and thrown in either direction by turning the button
of the spindle c. If it be required to keep the door closed and protected from
being tampered with, it is only necessary to turn one or all of the tubes e, f, g,
so as to alter the relative position of these parts, the lock then can only be
opened by the person attempting to do so being acquainted with the word or
combination of letters. In general when the combination of letters is pro
perly arranged the spindle c may be turned by means of its button c', then by
turning the spindle without drawing it back the French bolt or spring bolt
may be withdrawn; but in order to open the locking bolt the key must be
pulled out before being turned.
.
In order to vary the combination (that is to say, to change the word
required to be formed for opening the lock), it is necessary that the lock
should be opened in order that the spindle may be drawn out and then the
teeth of the cylinders e, f, g, should be disengaged from the nicks of those
h, i, j. In order to effect the change the largest tube must first be drawn out,
and then by turning it the second letter of the new combination is to be
brought opposite to one of those of the 'fixed tube a', the alphabet of which
only serves as the starting point and provides the first letter of the combina-
tion. The second tube is then drawn out and the third letter of the new
combination is brought round; lastly, the third tube is acted upon in the same
manner. The spindle may then be drawn out as the nicks 11 of all the tubes
are in a right line and in face of the two bars l. It will be easily understood
that if the order of these letters be disarranged by turning one of the tubes
the bars can no longer enter the nicks 1', and therefore the lock cannot be
opened until the tubes are again arranged according to the new combination.
In the above description and accompanying Drawing, only the method of
forming and changing the combinations produced by the cylinders operated
from the outside by hand have been described. This arrangement will
generally be found the most suitable, but the letter-bearing tubes may also
be worked by means of the spindle; for this purpose longitudinal grooves are
made in the circumference of the tubes h, i, and j, and clicks are provided
corresponding with each of these tubes; for the outside tube I fix the click to
the casing; for the middle or second one the click holds on to the first tube;
and for the centre one the click is carried by the middle tube. The spindle
is at a point (near where are situate the clicks of the arrangement repre-
sented in the Drawings), provided with a small toothed wheel, the teeth of
which are capable of taking into those of the cylinders, in order to carry round
these latter by the movement of the spindle until the nick comes round for

page_text: the reception of the bars of the key. The nick of the first tube having been
brought round the second and then the third are brought round by means of
the central spindle into the same position, which allows the lock to be opened.
Although three tubes have been described and represented for the variation of
the combination, it will be understood that the number of these letter-bearing
tubes may be varied, in order to vary the number of combinations.
In Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings I have represented modifica-
tions of and improvements upon the arrangements above described and shewn
in Figures 1 to 8, Sheet I. The arrangement about to be described offers
considerable advantages over those hitherto known and in use. Fig. 9 is a
sectional view, taken through the middle of the combination or permutation
lock connected with an ordinary double lock; Fig. 10 is a front view; and
Fig. 11 is an end view of the novel arrangement of clicks or pawles for
holding the concentric tubes steady.
The modifications shewn in Figures 9, 10, and 11 consist, first, in doing
away with the connecting rods n, n', whereby motion is transmitted to the
bolts, and substituting therefor a "bit" adapted to the rod of the central
spindle, which, as in the former instance, is used instead of the key generally
employed for opening and closing locks. This "bit" allows of the novel
combination being applied to any description of lock, even to those having
several bolts, and of single or double, or more actions. It will be seen on
referring to Figures 9 and 10, that the lock plate or case contains a lock
having two bolts b and c, the bolt c is the catch bolt, which is commanded by
the bit d' of the central rod d by means of the square e; this result can only
take place when the spindle or rod d is kept drawn out by the catch f' of
the spring (see Fig. 9.)
The next improvement consists in substituting for the catches or clicks
pawles g, (Fig. 11), which take into the teeth of wheels mounted upon the
interior tubes h, i, and j. These pawles 9 are mounted upon the same centre,
and they have each a spring which ensures their regular and continuous action.
The next improvement has for its object a substitute for the arms 1, 1, which
are attached to the central spindle c, in Figures 5 and 6, the position of which
arms relatively to the interior tubes allows of or prevents the lock from being
opened. This office in Figures 9, 10, and 11, is effected by means of the plate k
which carries eight or more studs or pins 1, arranged in two or more sets or
rows; and in order to open the lock, these studs or pins must enter eight
or more corresponding apertures made in the interior tubes, and in the bottom
of the box containing the novel combination of ratchets.
I would here observe, that holes or hollows of little depth are also made in

page_text: each wheel in number equal to that of the letters of the alphabet; these holes
are intended to replace the old false nicks employed in the other arrangements,
and they act in the same manner; for on any one attempting to open the lock
without being acquainted with the combination (upon which the lock was
closed) when the central rod is drawn out in order to turn it, and open the
lock, all the eight studs or pins will be engaged, and it will be impossible
either by feeling or by any other means, to ascertain which tube or tubes is or
are not in the position required for opening the lock.
The next improvement relates to modifications in the form of the extre-
mities of the exterior tubes which formerly terminated in a cone, but it has
been found advisable in many cases to form their extremities in steps, as
represented in Fig. 9.
The two helical springs which are traversed by the central rod or spindle
d, as well as the interior and exterior tubes, and, in fact, all the parts con-
stituting the improved combination, act on the same principle as is described
in reference to the Figures 1 to 8 in Sheet I., but the "bit" d' presents the
great advantage of allowing this Invention to be applied to all kinds of locks,
as the small bolt or half turn c may be acted upon when the "bit" is pushed in
one degree, and when it is a little less, it will act upon the large bolt b, which
bas a double turn as in all the best locks, and, if desired, the working face of
the "bit" may be provided with wards, so as to act upon any of the ordinary
forms or arrangements of lock.
It will be understood that this arrangement is especially adapted for safes,
in which the movement transmitted to the large bolt may act upon and move
three others in order to lock the door on all four sides. A single bolt may
also be acted upon, having either a turn or a turn and a half, the central
spindle and its "bit" replacing the key; finally, by means of these improve-
ments, any kind of bolts may be acted upon by the central spindle. The lock
may be arranged to shoot all the bolts of a safe, or simply to retain them in a
given position when shot by any other means.
It will be obvious that the above described lock is particularly applicable
for safes, inasmuch as there being no opening, it is perfectly gunpowder proof.
I also propose for safes to make the several parts of hardened steel, so that
they shall also be drill proof.
The same principle of a combination of tubes may be applied to the con-
struction of padlocks. Fig. 11, Sheet II., is a longitudinal section of a
padlock constructed on the principle already described in reference to Figures
1, 2, 8, Sheet I. a is the external case of the lock, which is closed at one
end by the head a', and contains the anterior and posterior tubes e, f, g, and

page_text: h, i, j. Figures 12 represent three views of the jointed half ring b, which is
jointed at one end to the cap piece a¹ of the lock, and at the other end it is
provided with a socket, which has a slot cut in it, as seen at 6, Fig. 12.
Fig. 13 is an end view of the central posterior tube h; Fig. 14 is a sectional
view of the same, and Fig. 15 is an outside view; Fig. 16 is an end view of
the central anterior tube e; Fig. 17 is a sectional view of the same, and Fig.
18 a side view; Figures 19 and 20 represent two side views of the central
rod or spindle c, which carries at one end a disc or cross piece c*, provided
with two projecting plates c. These projecting plates should not be opposite
to each other, but set at an angle as shewn in Fig. 24, which is a sectional
view of the spindle c taken in the line 1, 2, of Figures 19 and 20, and if
desired, there may be three plates instead of only two, as shewn in the
Drawing. The extremities of the cross piece c* should be made to enter and
slide in grooves or recesses cut in the inside of the casing a, and the projecting
plates are arranged to enter notches in the tubes h, i, j, the ends of which
are provided with ratchet teeth, as seen at Fig. 18, and a spring catch is
made to take into theso teeth so at to prevent the tubes from turning except
in one direction, and to keep them steady. These teeth should be so made
and contrived, that when the spring catch passes over one of the notches which
is intended to receive the projecting plates of the central spindle c, it may
sound the same as when passing over a simple tooth or indentation; these
latter will therefore form a kind of false notch for the purpose of deceiving
any one who may attempt to pick the lock or discover the combination.
Instead of projecting plates (Figures 19, 20, and 24) a series of projecting
pins may be used, as shewn at Fig. 21. In this case, instead of making
ratchet teeth or notches on the ends of the tubes h, i, j, as seen at Figures
18, 14, and 15, a series of holes are made to receive the pins c', as shewn at
Figures 22 and 23, which represent end and sectional views of the tube j.
It will be seen, on referring to Fig. 22, that although there are only two
pins, c, corresponding to the tube j, yet there are holes made all round the
end of this tube, but two only of these holes are made deep enough to
receive the whole length of the pins; the other holes are therefore used
simply to deceive any one attempting to tamper with the lock. The opposite
ends of the tubes h, i, j, are provided with teeth, into which enter projecting
teeth e (Figures 16, 17, and 18) attached to the ends of the anterior tubes
e. f, g, so that the posterior tubes may be moved by means of the anterior ones.
The central spindle c is provided with a stop piece r, which is secured
thereon by a pin, as seen in Fig. 11. A coiled spring bears against tho
inner side of this stop piece r, and also against the inside of the anterior tube c.

page_text: Another coiled spring acts against the posterior tubes, and by these means the
anterior and posterior tubes are kept in contact. I would here remark, that
the spindle c has a notch c² cut on each side of it, as shewn at Fig. 20, and
when all the parts are brought into their proper position according to the
combination of letters, the spindle or rod c may be drawn back by the button c'
so as to bring the notches & in coincidence with the slot & of the semicircular
ring 6, as seen at Fig. 12; the ring may then be lifted away from the rod c,
and the rings (Fig. 11") which secure the article to which they are applied
may then be removed. With this arrangement of parts, it is necessary that
the rings be made large enough to allow the enlarged slotted end of the half
ring to pass. Making the rings a so large is somewhat objectionable, and
to remedy this, the slotted enlargement of the ring & may be dispensed with;
and this end of the ring is made with a kind of toe-piece (Figures 25 and
26), which enters a socket or hole made in the button or knob c' at the end of
the spindle c.
b
Figures 27 and 28 are two sectional views of a lock which is a modification
of some of those above described, and involving exactly the same principles.
Fig. 27 is a section of the lock taken in the line 2, 2, of Fig. 28, and Fig. 28
is a section taken in the line 1, 1, of Fig. 27. This lock is composed of a
series of anterior circles, short cylinders or rings g, h, i, with internal teeth, as
shewn in the detached views Figs. 27 of one of these circles or cylinders,
the teeth of which fit on to the posterior circles or cylinders 9', h', ', on
the circumference of which are made external teeth or notches, as shewn
at Figs. 28. In the posterior circles g, h, i, are made holes to receive the
pins fixed on a cross piece k, mounted on the end of the spindle c. Upon this
spindle are mounted two coiled springs which serve to support the circles, as
has been said in reference to the tubes in the other Figures. The cross-piece k
is secured on the spindle c by means of a screw nut, behind which is placed
the short arm d, which when the spindle is drawn back comes against and is
enabled to work the bolts. The spindle c cannot, however, be drawn back
until all the circles or cylinders g, h, i, have been brought into their proper
position according to the pre-arranged combination. In order to work these
circles from the outside they are provided with small knobs or studs r, r, r.
The box containing the working parts of the lock is represented in tho
Drawings as being of a round form, but it will be evident that it may bo
made of any other form that may be desired; any kind of bolts may also be
employed, provided they be of suitable form and dimensions.
Figures 29, 30, and 31, represent a lock for a drawer or box, the internal
combination parts being arranged very much in the manner shewn in

page_text: Figures 27 and 28; they may, however, be simplified by employing only two
anterior and posterior circles, and the lock may of course be made much
smaller. Fig. 29 represents the lock closed; Fig. 80 shews the lock open,
and Fig. 31 is a sectional view of the lock. The central spindle or handle c
carries a circular plate or disc b, provided with pins 7, which are adapted to
enter holes in the posterior circles. This disc at its upper edge has a dove-.
tailed or other suitable notch cut in it, and into which enters the hasp hook or.
piece f, which is fixed to the top of the box. The piece f cannot, however,
be held down without first pulling forward the spindle or handle c, so as to
allow the piece f to enter the lock, then pushing back the spindle c so as to
cause the notch made in the disc 6 to take hold of the piece f, and retain it in
its place, and keep the box closed. In order to prevent the lock from being
opened, it will only be necessary to turn one of the circles so as to prevent the
pins from being coincident with the holes intended to receive them. The
lock may, therefore, be easily closed, but to open it, it will be necessary to bring
back the circles to the proper combination; then the handle c may be drawn
back, and the pieco f lifted out of the lock.
Fig. 32 and Fig. 33 are sectional views of a modification of the above;
Fig. 32 represents the lock open, and Fig. 33 represents the lock as shut;
c is the central spindle; b, a plate cross piece or disc carrying the pins 7, which
take into holes made in two rings g, h. The cross piece disc, or plate bis
provided at its upper side with a hooked piece b', which passes through and.
holds down the eye f, which is fixed to the lid of the box. It will be seen
that there is only one set of rings g and h; it will not, therefore, be possible
to change the combination at pleasure as in the other locks. This lock may,
however, be made at a very low price, and is intended to come into competition
with very cheap and common locks, as while the combination is unknown to
any but the owner, it will be as safe as a more expensive lock. If desired,
the pins may be made to screw into holes tapped in the plate or disc 6, and
several additional holes may be made therein, so that the positions of the pins.
may be changed if desired to alter the combination, the change in the position
of the pins in the plate 6 of course involving the necessity of a corresponding
change in the relative position of the two rings g, h, before their holes can
be brought into coincidence with the altered position of the pins on the plate
or disc b.
Another mode of making or constructing a very cheap lock is shewn in
Fig. 84, in which the central spindle c, to which the handle is attached, is
provided at its lower end with a number of teeth made to fit into corresponding
teeth on the inside of a block piece d, which carries an arm b', on the face of

page_text: which are fixed two pins l, l, which fit into corresponding holes made on the
under side of the permutation rings g, h. Another arm 6 is fixed on the
spindle c, and the two arms 6 and 6' form the cross piece of the other
arrangement. The other parts of this lock act in precisely the same manner
as is described in reference to Fig. 32 and 33; but should it be desired
to change the combination, the moveable arm & is drawn off the teeth of the
spindle, and moved round the same so as to alter its position relative to the
other arm b, but in such a position that its pins can enter two of the holes of
the moveable rings g, h, while the pins of the other arm are also engaged in
similar holes in the rings. In order to provide for this change in the com-
bination, a number of the holes in the rings g, h, are made deep enough to
receive the pins of the arms 6 and 61. By this means a considerable number
of changes in the combination may be effected by simply altering the position
of the moveable arm b' on the central spindle c.
Having now described this Invention of improvements in locks and fasten-
ings, and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
claim, as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent, the mode or modes
herein set forth of constructing permutation or combination locks for various
purposes..
I claim particularly the mode shewn of arranging, or combining and
working the permutation cylinders, rings, or circles, and also the mode of
altering or changing the combination at pleasure.
I also claim the modes shewn, or any mero modification thereof, for trans-
ferring motion from the central spindle or key to the bolt or bolts when the
other parts have been brought into their proper position.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Loysel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
EDWARD LOYSEL. (Ls.)