CERTAIN FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS ON MY METHOD OF PRINTING BY MEANS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1814

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
KOENIG, of Castle Street, Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, hearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of
December, in the fifty-fifth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederick Koenig, my exers, admors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Frederick Koenig,
my exors, adiiors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS ON MY METHOD OF PRINTING BY MEANS OF MACHINERY;"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the
said Frederick Koenig, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within eighteen calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Koenig, do hereby declare that the original principles of a certain
Invention for which I did formerly obtain His Majesty's three Letters Patent,

page_text: the first dated on or about the Twenty-ninth of March, One thousand eight
hundred and ten, the second dated on or about the Twenty-ninth of October,
One thousand eight hundred and eleven, and the third dated on or about the
Twenty-third day of July,One thousand eight hundred and thirteen,described in
three successive Specifications, were inrolled on or about the Twenty-eighth
September, One thousand eight hundred and ten, Twenty-ninth April, One
thousand cight hundred and twelve, and Fourteenth January, One thousand
eight hundred and fourteen. And I do hereby declare that the improvements
upon my said Inventions, which improvements are to be described in the
present Specification, do relate to the placing and conducting of the paper to
be printed, and to a certain principle and a mechanical apparatus founded
thereupon, by means of which the sheet, after been printed on one side, is
conveyed to a second form, there to be printed on the other side; and also to
the process of inking and giving the impression.
The first improvement is a contrivance by which the interrupted motion of
the printing cylinder is superseded. In the machines hitherto constructed
upon the principles detailed in my second and third Specifications, the sheet is
placed immediately upon the printing cylinder, which is caused to stop for
every sheet to allow time for laying the sheet upon it. In the machines con-
structed upon the principle for which, among other things, myipresent Patent
is taken, the printing cylinder has a constant or uninterrupted motion as long
the coffin moves, and the sheet is laid on a separate apparatus, which I call
the feeder, and which consists of an endless webb or cloth (that is to say), the
cuds joined together extended over two rollers; the interrupted motion
(instead of acting upon the heavy printing cylinder) is applied to this compa-
ratively light feeder, which is started and stopped gradually, but when in its
full speed it moves with a velocity equal to that of the periphery of the
printing cylinder. The sheet is conducted to the impression (by means more
particularly to be described hereafter) upon a line, the length of which is so
calculated that the paper meets the form just in time to be printed on the
middle of the sheet, that is to say, that an equal margin remains on both sides.
The action of this separate apparatus, called the feeder, by means of which
the sheet, after being placed with ease and security by the hand, is introduced
into the machine while all the other parts of it are in motion, is one of the
new principles now added to my original Invention.
The second improvement is what I called the inner frisket. I have already
described in my third Specification the manner in which I make use of endless
tapes or straps (which I call friskets) for the purpose of wrappingand holding
the sheet round the printing cylinder. I have now added another set of straps

page_text: applied under the former, and which I call on that account the inner frisket.
The sheet, in descending to the printing cylinder, is taken hold of by and
carried along between the inner and outer frisket. The use of the inner
frisket is to detach the sheet from the printing cylinder after the impression,for
as that cylinder is in uninterrupted motion, it would be impossible to approach
it with the hand, and to take off the sheet with security. The action of this
inner frisket is one of the additional principles of my Invention, and is intended
to be secured by the present Patent.
The third improvement consists in the application of a certain principle and
apparatus for printing the reiteration immediately after the first impression
(commonly called white printing), so that the sheet is thrown out by the
machine printed on both sides of the paper; and it is necessary to observe
here previously that the first requisite in effecting the said purpose is, that the
pages should be printed at the back of each other, or, as the technical phrase
is, in register.
I shall now explain the principle upon which this is accomplished in the
present machine, first, in the most simple and obvious combination.
In the following description, and in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and
in general in every part of this Specification, the same things are indicated by
the same letters or figures of reference; and such letters of reference in the
said Drawings as are not found in the present Specification refer to my
second and third Specifications. Suppose a sheet of paper, of whatever length
or dimensions it may be (after it has met the edge or first pages of a form
at E, a, Tab. III., Fig. 1, and has been printed in the manner described in my.
two last Specifications), is moved with uniform speed upon the line E,a, E, b,
and that during the time that the sheet is proceeding from E, a, to %, b, the
corresponding pages of the reiteration form are moved on the opposite side of
the paper with equal speed on a line equal in length to E, a, E, 6, it is
obvious that that point of the paper which met the first form in E, a, must
meet, on the opposite side, the second form in E, b, and such a sheet will be
evidently printed in register, at least in one direction; the register in the other
direction, namely, sideways, will be obtained merely by placing both forms
exactly opposite each other in the line of motion of the paper. The necessity
of this arrangement is so obvious that in the subsequent part of this Specifi-
cation relating to the register, I shall always consider it as implied, without
further reference to it. An ideal accuracy in the execution of the machine,
and the placing of the forms is here supposed, for if the distances are not
quite correct the sheet will arrive in E, b, either too early or too late for being
printed in register. To obviate then the necessity of shifting either the form

page_text: or the machine, the sheet may be conducted in a crooked line from E, a, to
E, b; for instance, on the line E, a, E, c, E, b, Tab. 3, Figure 2. If the
paper arrives too early in E, b, the way may be lengthened to E, a, E, d, E, b,
orany intermediate line; and if it arrives too late the way may be shortened to
E, a, E, e, E, b, or any intermediate line. Thus the register will be obtained
merely by adjusting the length of the way of thesheet from one form to the other.
Tab.III.,Fig.3,represents another line, upon which the sheet may be conveyed
from one form to another. It will be perceived that upon this line the paper
is turned on its way from E, a, to E, b.
But the line E, a, E, b, may be
lengthened or shortened to E, a, E, d, E, b, or E, a, E, e, E, b, or any inter-
mediate line for the same purpose and with the same effectas in the preceding
Figure.
It will now be easily understood that the general principle of this part of my
invention is, that by conveying the sheet after the first impression upon a line
which is equal in length to the line upon which the reiteration form is moving
during the same time,and by equalizing the speed upon which form and paper
move, I cause them to meet exactly in the right place for printing in register.
Thedirectionof the lines upon which either form or paper moves may be adapted
variously to the general principle, which goes solely to the length of the lines.
I shall now illustrate the application of these improvements and principles in
the description of a machine in which they are all combined, namely, a
machine by which the paper is printed on both sides,and which I call on that
account a completing machine. Tab. L., Fig. 1, exhibits an elevation in front of
acompleting machine. It will be perceived at first sight that it is a combination
of two machines intoone. d,e,f.g,h, are theinking cylinders. B,B, the printing
cylinders. A, A, the coffins. B, K, the double racks. E, E, the ribs upon which
the coffins are rolled. a, a, the forms. q, q, the ink boxes. D, D, is the frame
of the machine. All those parts and the principles upon which they act bave
been fully described in my former Specifications. The first form is fixed on the
coffin of the machine on the left, which may be called the white-printing
machine; the second form is fixed on the coffin on the right, which may be
called the reiteration machine. It will appear from the Drawing and froin
the arrows denoting the direction in which the cylinders revolve, that the
arrangement of the cylinders and the direction of their revolution is in the
latter machine the reverse of what they are in the first. E, f, is the feeder
an endless web, ns stated before, extended lengthways on the rollers E, g,
and E, h. The bearings of the roller E, h, are made to be moved back by the
screws E, i, for the purpose of tightening the feeder when required; to the two
sides or edges of the said web is sewed a double thickness of leather straps E, k,

page_text: one broader than the other; the guide wheels E, I, are acting against the edge
of the narrowerstrap, and keep the feederextended laterally. Table III., Fig. 4,
is a transverse section of the feeder, and shews the several parts thereof more
distinctly. E, m, are round pins in which the ceuters of E, 2, are fixed.
E, n, are the carriages having a round hole or socket in which the pin E, m,
is received, and held in any required position by the set screw E,o. E, p, are
small rollers supporting the straps or preventing them from receding by the
action of the guide wheels; corresponding grooves are turned in the cylinders
E, g, and E, h, to admit the straps. E, 9, see Tab. II, plan, is a thin bar
across the feeder, attached with both ends by means of sockets to the arms
E, r, upon which it is capable of being shifted. The arms E, r, are fixed to
the spindle E, s. E, t, is another spindle to which the bars E, u, are attached
by means of sockets in such a manner that they may be shifted to any part of
it. The bars E, q, and E, t, serve as marks for placing the sheet; and as
they are made to shift on their armsand spindles, the oblong square formed by
them may be contracted or extended according to the size of the paper. A
moment before the sheet starts the arms E, r, and the bar E, q, are lifted by
the spindle E, s, about an inch, and the sheet passes under E, q. E, v, and
E, w, are two small rollers with a number of endless tapes E, z, extended
over them. These tapes are held in their respective places by corresponding
grooves turned in E, v. E, y, E, z, and F, a, are three other cylinders over
which a number of endless tapes are extended, and continually revolving with
the printing cylinder. Grooves are turned in F, a, for the same purpose as
in E, c. F, b, is an endless web or cloth or other fit material extended longi-
tudinally over the rollers F, c, F, d, F, e, F, f, F, g, F, h, F, i, and F, k, and
laterally by the guide wheels F, 7, in a manner similar to that I have just
detailed in the description of the feeder, with the difference only that the
small rollers E, p, are not necessary here, as the cylinders F, e, and F, g,
support the straps against which the guide wheels are acting. The bearings
of the cylinders F, c, F, g, F, h, and F, k, are immoveably attached to the
frame of the machine, but the bearings of the roller F, i, are fitted in a slit or
opening in the frame, in which they may be moved up or down by the screws
F, m, for the purpose of giving a proper degree of tightness to the endless
cloth. The cylinders F, d, F, e, and F, f, have their bearings in a separate
and moveable carriage, which I call the adjusting bars F, n, and F, o. Those
adjusting bars are suspended on the centres of the cylinders F, c, and F, g,
and their opposite ends are forked (as shewn more distinctly in a separate
Drawing, Tab. III.,Fig. 5), and kept suspended on the bearings or spindle of
the cylinder F, c. The latter bearings are moveable in a slit or opening in the

page_text: frame of the machine in the same manner as those of F, i, by the adjusting
screws F, p. By screwing this bearing up or down the length of the upper
line described by the transferring cloth will be evidently altered, but the
relative position of the several parts attached to the adjusting bars remains
the same. I call this endless cloth, with its appendages generally, the trans-
ferring cloth. F, 9, F, r, and F, s, are three cylinders with a number of
endless tapes extended over them, in every respect similar to E, y, E, z, and
F,a. F, t, and F, u, are the friskets, endless tapes, or straps, as stated in my
third and in the beginning of my present Specification; but to obtain a more
distinct idea of their use and action in the present machine, it is necessary to
consider them separately and to trace their course. F', v, is a round spindle
across the machine, with three pulleys F, w, suspended from it. The elevation,
Tab. I., shews the said spindle and pulley, with the hanging frame F, x, in a
side view. The hanging frames have at the top a socket fitting the spindle,
and capable of being shifted to any part of it to correspond with the edges of
the paper and the middle blank between the pages, and they are held in their
place by the set screws F, y. F, z, is a round pin, loose in F, x, but guided
by the same, and the lower part of F, =, is forked, and forms the carriage for
the pulley; a spring G, a, applied to F, 2, draws the pulley constantly upwards,
and keeps the straps tight, and the shoulders or prominent sides of the pulley
prevent the strap from slipping off. I shall now trace the line upon which the
friskets are extended, beginning at the point G, b; they are passing over the
said pulleys F, w, and thence over the rollers E, y, and E, s; at G, c, they
reach the printing cylinder, and are wound round it as far as G, d, thence
they proceed upon the transferring cloth as far as G, e; here they separate
from it in a descending direction, and after touching the roller F, r, are wound
round the second printing cylinder from G,, to G, g; thence they pass over
the rollers G, h, and F, k, under the transferring cloth to the cylinder G, i,
and back to the pulleys F, w. These first set of straps I call the outer frisket
G, k, is a spindle with similar pulleys G, I, suspended from it, over which are
passing F, u, the straps of the inner frisket. These straps are extended over
the rollers G, m, G, n, G, o, and G, p, and passing round the latter cylinder
they meet the outter frisket and go along with it, either above or underneath
it, according to the relative position), as faras G,h; here the outer and inner
frisket separate, and the latter returns over the rollers G, h, G, s, G, t, and
F, r, to the pulleys G, 7. The pulleys F, w, and G, I, must be placed exactly
opposite each other, that the straps of the inner and outer frisket may meet
and remain one upon the other as near as possible, and it may be proper to
point out here, that the straps, in consequence of the line upon which they

page_text: inove, change necessarily their possession with respect to the printing cylin-
ders; those which are the inner frisket upon the first printing cylinder become
the outer ones upon the second, and vice versa.
Having thus minutely described all the parts which concur in holding and
conveying the paper, I shall now point out their use and application when the
machine is in action. Motion is communicated from the mill work to the
coffins, inking apparatus, and printing cylinders of both machines, and to the
cylinder F,g. This latter cylinder communicates motion to the transferring
cloth, and by means of that to all the rollers over which thatcloth is extended.
The frisketsare carried along with the transferring cloth and the printing cylin-
ders by mere contact or friction, and communicate motion to all the rollers
over which they are passing, and likewise the cylinders E, y, E, z, and F, a,
and F, 9, F, r, and F, s, with the endless tapes extended over them, are set
in motion in similar manner by the printing cylinders. The roller E, 9.
receives the interrupted motion from the mill work, which will be described
hereaftor, and the feeder, the rollers E, v, and E, w, and the tapes E, z, are
thereby started and stopped. In the interval that the feeder is at rest, the
sheet is laid upon it to the marks, and when set in motion, the paper is
carried along upon it towards the tapes E,x, which take hold of it and it passes
betwixt them and the feeder towards the outer frisket, and the tapes
descending from E, y, which bend the sheet downwards.. It proceeds in that
direction until it reaches the point G,u; there it passes between the inner and
outer frisket and is laid by, and with them round the printing cylinder. At B
it meets the first form, and is printed there on one side. The inner frisket
which on the printing cylinder is under the paper, takes the sheet off at G,d,
and lays it on the transferring cloth, which supports.it from F, c, to F', g.
The friskets here in separating from the transferring cloth take the sheetalong
with them, and the straps descending from F, q, assist in keeping it straight
between the friskets. At B, the sheet (which has been turned in passing
down to the second printing cylinder) meets the reiteration form, and is
printed on the other side. At G, g, the friskets F, t, detach it from the
second printing cylinder, and throw it on a board across the machine
marked H,a. By the regulating screws F, p, the length of the way of the
sheet is adjusted until the register is perfect. The operation of printing the
paper on both sides would be thus complete, and the action of the above
described machinery would leave nothing to desire, if the frisket straps did
run in a straight line, as they might be supposed to do, being always kept
tight by the springs G, a. But I have found by repeated trials, that almost
every tape or strap has a bias to deviate a little from the straight line, and

page_text: either from some defect in the weaving and texture, or some other cause not
easy to account for, the greater part of them are running out either to one
side or the other; the consequence is, that they take the sheet along with them,
and the register is spoiled sideways, that is to say, in the direction across the
machine, or when the friskets on the margin of the paper run towards the
middle ones, it causes creases in the second impression. The ordinary and
obvious means for guiding straps in a straight line, are, however, not appli-
cable here, for the sheet that passes that way between the straps would be
_shifted by the least touch, and thrown out of register. These difficulties and
effects have been obviated by the following contrivance: -H, b, are six plain
pulleys (which I call the directing pulleys,) resting with their own weight upon
the frisket straps, by which they are kept in motion merely by friction. They
are held in their places by forked carriages. The spindles of H, 6, have for
their bearing an oblong slit in the forked carriage which confines them onlyside-
ways. Two bars H, a, extending across the machine leaving a long slit or
opening betwixt them, receive the round top of the forked carriages, which is
fitted in the said opening and has a screw at its extremity. The pulleys may
be thus shifted to any place in the direction across the machine to follow the
friskets and to suit the different sizes of paper; and likewise, by turning the
carriage, the pulleys may be made to revolve in an oblique direction,that is to
say, in a direction which is not parallel with the general line of motion.
Tightening nuts hold the carriages in their places when adjusted. I shall
now explain the principle of action by which these pulleys keep the said
straps in a straight line. Suppose H,, (Table III. 3, Fig. 6,) to be the true
line upon which the straps ought to move, but that on account of some bias it
moves upon the line H, g, in such case, I cause the directing pulley to revolve
in the direction of the line H, h, and by the incessant contact and action of
the pulley upon the strap in that direction, it draws it gently over and
counteracts the bins. The pulleys touch only the upper strap, but as they are
of metal, and as heavy as their size will admit of, the lower strap is carried
along with the upper one by the pressure. All the friskets are in this manner
guided by the more or less obliquo direction of these pulleys until they run
straight, and the register is complete. The printing cylinder has in this
machine only one tympan, that is to say, about one third of it is covered with
one or two pieces of broad cloth or any similar material, and the distances and
diameters are so calculated that the sheet meets the tympan and the tympan
the form. The other parts of the cylinder are uncovered,and consequently are
somewhat less in diameter. This inferiority in diameter gives clearance to the
form when it is repassing under the printing cylinder after the impression

page_text: It will
parts of toothed wheels H, i, are fixed to the printing cylinder just opposito
the tympan, which meet the racks on the coffin R, t, for the purpose of
securing a perfect correspondence of motionbetweentheformandtheprinting
cylinder, as explained in my third Specification. The arrangement of the
inking cylinders is, as appears from the Drawings,somewhat different from
that in my former machines, principally for the purpose of bringing the
cylinder a in immediate contact with the distributing cylinders; the action of
the frame of the lower inking cylinders 2, x, is simplified by giving a
separate frame to each cylinder, with a common centre y for both. This
frame is raised to bring the cylinder in contact with the one above it, and
lowered to bring it in contact with thetypes,asdescribed in the former Specifi-
cations. Several compositions have been used for some years past in order to
cover printer's balls instead of skins. The same compositions are fit materials
for the outside or covering of the inking rollers in my machine. The com-
ponent parts are glue and treacle, or glue, treacle, and gum, or glue, moist
sugar, and gum, mixt and brought to combine over a gentle fire.
auswer the purpose in various proportions, but there ought to be a greater
proportion of treacle or sugar than of the other ingredients. Tofix it upon the
cylinder, it may be cast upon cloth in a flat piece of equal thickness, and
wrapped round the roller and fixed upon it by the edges of the cloth with nails
or screws. A better method, which requires, however, an expensive mould, is
the following:-Two hollow pieces of cast-iron or brass, of a semicircular
shape, are well fitted and screwed together, and bored so as to form a true
hollow cylinder of the size of the inking roller. To both ends of these semi-
circular moulds, are fitted pieces with semicircular cavities, corresponding
with the bearings of the roller, which is thus fixed in a concentric position in
the mould; around the roller are closely wrapped strings, to which the compo-
sition adheres firmly. The composition is cast in this mould, and the cylinder
thus produced will be at once true and concentric with the bearings. I hereby
desire it to be understood, that I lay no claim to the Invention of these
compositions, neither do I claim their application to my machinery and
Inventions.
I have made a further improvement upon the apparatus for supplying
the ink, by adding pieces of tube slipped over R, a, and fitting the same
closely. Those pieces are made to be shifted sideways, to close either part
or the whole of any of the openings R, b, for the purpose of pressing out
more or less ink over a particular part of the form which may require it; this
is a further part of the improvements for which my present Patent is taken.
Tab. II. exhibits the plan of the whole machine in its last stage of improve-
ment, together with the mill work. T, T, is the frame of the mill work.
•

page_text: B, n, is the rigger or band wheel to communicate motion to the machine from
the first mover, by a strap; upon the same shaft is fixed the spur wheel B, o,
which gives motion to B,p, and thereby to the inking apparatus. N.B.-The
moving parts of the mill work are indicated in the elevation, Tab. 1, by
red dotted lines, to render their relative position more distinct. By B, r,
and B, s, the motion is communicated to the roller e; B, r, drives
at the same time the small spur wheel H, k, and thereby the roller g,
which communicates the motion to the other rollers f, h, t, s, from
one to the other by friction. Upon the spindle of H, k, is an endless
screw, which takes into a screw wheel H, 7, (indicated in the plan by
dotted lines, being covered by the frame.) The spindle of the said screw
wheel H, m, is bent in the shape of a crank C, e, which communicates
to h the longitudinal or traverse motion. On the spindle of B, p, is likewise
fixed H, n, a rigger, which, by means of the strap H, o, gives motion to the
rigger H, p, and thereby to the inking apparatus of the reiteration machine.
C, l, is a Dutch box, fixed on the shaft C, p, by which the double rack and
coffin is set in motion, as fully described in my second Specification. H, q,is
a spur wheel, fixed on the shaft C,p, which drives the spurwheel H, r, fixed
on the shaft C, u, and thereby the printing cylinder. On the shaft C, u, is
fixed the spur wheel H, s, which drives another spur wheel H, t, on the
shaft C, x, underneath it. This latter wheel is so calculated as to make just
one revolution during the time that one sheet is printing. H, u, H, v, H, w,
H, z, H, y, and H, z,are six other spur wheels, their respective shafts I, a, I,b,
and I, c, by which the motion is further communicated to the printing cylinder
and double rack of the reiteration machine. Upon I, c, is fixed the spur
wheel I, d, which, by the intermediate wheels I, e, I, J, and I, g, drives the
roller F, g, and thereby the transferring cloth. In the motion for the supply
of ink I have adopted, instead of the pulley C, s, and C, t, (see second Speci-
fication,) two flanches I, h, and I, i, flat and straight on one side. They are
fixed on the shafts C, u, I, c, and on the spindles of I; and two pulleys I, k,
and I, I, are brought with their edges in close contact with the said flanches,
and motion is thus communicated to the spindle of I by mere friction. The
spindle I, m, upon which I, &, and 1, 7, are fixed, is suspended in a car-
riage I, n, capable of being shifted up or down in the sockets I, o, by the
screw I, p, in the direction of a line drawn between the centres of the two
flanches, the action between the pullies and flaunches being thus transferred
to other diameters. The speed of i may be altered, and the supply of ink
regulated, while the machine is in motion. Strong springs I, q, are pressing
the round pius I, r, and thereby the pulleys I, k,and I, Z, against the flaunches

page_text: to keep in an adequate friction. The mechanism for alternately lifting and
letting down the lower inking rollers, as first described in my second Speci-
fication, has been superseded in my present improved machine by a more
simple connection with the millwork of the machino. I, s, are fourspindles,
extending across the machine, with arms I, t, fixed to them on each side of
the machine. The connexion rods I, n, are attached to, and coupled with
the said arms by the joints I, v. When the spindles I, s, are turned in the
direction to raise the arms, the cylinder is obviously lifted; and as it is to be
raised only about one quarter of an inch, a very small part of a revolution is
sufficient to produce this motion. Two excentrics I, w, and I, a, fixed on c, x,
are acting on arms in the same manner as D, u, on D, v; see second Specifi-
cation; and by the connection rod I, y, this motion is conveyed to the
reiteration machine.... The cross bar E, q, of the marks is lifted by similar
means. The small riggers I, 2, and K, a, connected by the strap K, p, com-
municate motion to R,. c. It remains only to explain in what manner the
interrupted motion is communicated to the feeder. I have given in my third
Specification a very minute description of two wheels, constructed upon a new
principle, by which motion is generated, continued for some time, and then
destroyed merely by the shape of the teeth, and their action upon each other
within the circle of one revolution. The same principle and contrivance is
applied here to the motion of the feeder, only with some difference in the con-
struction. As, however, the application of the principle of such wheels cannot.
be farmiliar to mechanics, Ishall represent the wheels used in this machine for
the interrupted motion in a separate Drawing, Tab. III., Fig. 7, and shortly.
recapitulate the description of their action. Upon the shaftC,x, is fixed K, c,
part of a wheel K, d. Fixed on the shaft K, c, is the wheel, which is to have
an interrupted motion. The long tooth K,f, is pointing to the centre of C, x,
as long as K, d, is at rest. The curved edge of K, c, meets K,, and com-
municates thereby to K, d, a gradually accelerating motion until the teeth on
the pitch line meet. The crooked tooth R, 9. passing along the pin K, 9,
assists in securing the engagement of the first tooth. K, d, is then turned
withauniform speed until the curved edge of K,f, meets the straight edge of
K, c. Here, the crooked tooth K, h, acting upon the pin K, i, impels K, d,
with a gradual decreasing speed,corresponding with the action of the curve of
K, f, upon the radius of K, c. All the parts will be recognized, and their
action will be better understood, in looking at the Drawings and description
above referred to. By means of the bevil wheels K, k, K, l, K; m, and K,n,
the interrupted motion is conveyed to the feeder; and by two small spur
wheels, fixed on the spindle of K, n, K, o, and K, p, it is likewise communi.

page_text: cated to the roller E, v. K, q, is the stopping sheave with a notch, in which
the latch K, r, drops, to keep K, d, in its position as long as it is at rest. An
excentric K, 8,
fixed on C, x, pushes the latch back when the wheel is to be
set motion. I will add this general observation on the construction of such
wheels for an interrupted motion. It is impossible to give a general rule for
the dimensions or the tracing of the lines to which their several parts must be
worked. If an interrupted motion is to be produced by means of such wheels
in any part of a machine, it depends, first, upon the length or duration such
interrupted motion is to have; secondly, what part of such motion is to be
given up or can be spared for gradual starting and gradual stopping. This,
of course, may vary ad infinitum according to the circumstances under which
it is adopted; but the two above-mentioned circumstances, being determined
upon, all the dimensions and lines to which the two wheels must be worked
are given and prescribed.
I shall now explain the application of some of the new principles now first
described of my Invention to single and double machines, both of which print
the paper only on one side.
Tab. III., Fig. 8, are the outlines of an elevation in front of a single
machine. If all those parts of the completing machine which are used for
printing the reiteration are left out, that which remains is a single machine.
The present improvement upon the single machine consists in the appli-
cation of the feeder and the inner frisket. The sheet is conducted
between the friskets as far as K, t, and thrown out there printed on one side
only, and must pass through the machine a second time to be printed on the
other side. The inner frisket passes here over the pulleys K, u, which may
be shifted on the spindle to suit the size of the paper.
Tab.III., Fig.9,are the outlines of an elevation in front of a double machine
upon the improved plan. The inking apparatus is here in the middle, and
the form passes with a reciprocating motion always beyond the printing
cylinders, so that an impression is obtained at each end of the machine. I
must refer here to my second and third Specifications. The present improve-
ments upon this machine are the same as in the single machine, namely, the
application of the feeder and the inner frisket. This machine issubstantially
the same as a single machine, with a different arrangement of the parts only.
The wheels for communicating motion are of course so arranged as to suit the
position of their respective parts; but the same means, principles, and con-
trivances which are used in the other machines, are likewise applied to this,
and to give a description of them in this place would be a mere repetition.
And I do hereby further declare, that the above description of my new

page_text: improvements upon my former Invention contains a full and accurate account
of the same, such that any competent mechanist accustomed to make engines
of the more nice and complicated kind as my former printing apparatus may,
be attending to the said description, be able to make a machine upon the
principles of my said improvements; but I desire it to be understood that I
have described the improvements as exemplified in the particular construction
which I use and prefer, without intending to state that this is the only con-
struction by which my said improvements may be used, for the apparatus
may be varied in different parts without injury, and without deviating from
the principles of those improvements.