A NEW METHOD OF MAKING THIN SUPERPINE CLOTH FOR THE SUMMER SEASON AT HOME, AND WARMER CLIMATES ABROAD, YET NOTWITHSTANDING THE THINNESS OF ITS TEXTURE IT IS MORE DURABLE THAN CLOTH OF A GREATER SUBSTANCE MADE IN THE COMMON WAY
Year: 1766

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
YERBURY, of Bradford, in the County of Wilts, Clothier, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Francis Yerbury, did, by my Petition, humbly represent
unto His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, that after
much application and many trials, attended with great expence, about four years
ago I invented and brought to perfection "A NEW METHOD OF MAKING THIN
SUPERPINE CLOTH FOR THE SUMMER SEASON AT HOME, AND WARMER CLIMATES
ABROAD, YET NOTWITHSTANDING THE THINNESS OF ITS TEXTURE IT IS MORE DURABLE
THAN CLOTH OF A GREATER SUBSTANCE MADE IN THE COMMON WAY;" that in regard
I was the first and true Inventor thereof, and that the same was never before.
my finding out thereof made by any other person or persons, I therefore most
humbly prayed His said Majesty to grant unto me His Royal Letters
Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, for the sole use and benefit
of the said Invention, within that part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great
Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, for the term of fourteen years, according to the Statute in that case
made and provided; His said Majesty, being willing to give encouragement
to all arts and inventions which may be for the publick good, was gra-
tiously pleased to condescend to my request; and therefore by His Royal
Leters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of August.
in the sixth year of His reign, of His especial grace, certain knowledge, and
meer motion, did give and grant unto me, the said Francis Yerbury, my
executors, adininistrators and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Francis Yerbury, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, and every of us, by myself and ourselves, or by
mine and our deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as 1,
the said Francis Yerbury, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at

page_text: any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend my said Invention within that part of His said
Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said Francis
Yerbury, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or any of us, should in
our discretions seem meet, and that I, the said Francis Yerbury, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the
whole benefit, profit, commodity, and advantage from time to time coming,
growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention, for and
during the term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy
the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages therein-before granted or
mentioned to be granted unto me, the said Francis Yerbury, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, for and during and until the full end and term of
fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately
ensuing, and fully to be compleat and ended, according to the Statute in such
case made and provided; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that if I, the said Francis Yerbury, should not particularly describe and as-
certa'n the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within four kalendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and
advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and
become void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in
anywise notwithstanding, as in and by the said Letters Patent (relation being
thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Francis Yerbury, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, in manner
following:
First, it is to be observed that the common method of making cloth bath
been by spining the threads of the chain with a hard twist called warp or
abb warp, the woof or shoot which is called abb quite the reverse, that is, with
as slack and hollow a thread as possible, and the little twist it has goes con-
trary to that of the warp, which makes it strike closer and incorporate better
in the loom, and is wove with a smooth surface (not whaled, unless it be for
kersey, draps, or ratteens); the threads of both abb and warp cross each other
at right lines. The woof or shoot is generally allowed to be about two thirds
bigger or heavier in weight than the threads of the chain, for this reason, that

page_text: thereby the cloth will acquire a better substance and more readily unite and
make firmer ground in the fulling mill, bear more work with the teazle, and a
thicker pile raised on the surface when it comes from the cloth worker. This
sort of cloth although a good and useful fabrick, and much worn at some
seasons of the year, hath been found too hot, inconvenient, and heavy for the
summer wear at home and warmer climates abroad, and hath also been
introductive of many slight and whimsical things from our great rivals in
trade the French; this led me to enquiry whether manufacturing of cloth had
been carryed to its utmost perfection, with regard to thinness, beauty, and
duration.
Secondly, my new Invention, which is the methods I pursued for these
purposes, are as follow:-There are two species of my thin cloth, distinguished
by the name of cassimers; one is quilled in the weaving with a flat whale,
the other with a round one, which may be directed to any point, the threads
of both chain and shoot crossing each other in a tranverse manner, either to
the right or left; or it may whaled on one side, and not on the other; either
of which are equally useful. The chains of both sorts are spun in the same
manner, either of warp or abb warp.
The woof or shoot must not be spun in
the same manner as above described for common cloth, but drawn out into a
much finer thread, nearly about the saine degree of smallness, weight, and twist
the chaine is, whether it goes to the right or left. This sort of spining for my thin
cloth I call superfine, because it as much excels that of common cloth as the
spining of a French cambrick does that of a Russia canvas. It must be well
struck in the loom, and smartly grounded at the fulling mill by a quick motion;
the pile or nap to be raised as in common cloth. The wools requisite for manu-
facturing these thin cloths are either all Spanish or Spanish mixt with English,
or any other country wool that is soft and good. There is no determined
point for substance; it may be varied by putting more or less threads into the
chain, set wider or narrower on the loom, spun bigger or smaller, as the sub-
stance of the goods is required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Yerbury, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the seventh year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of
God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and sixte civ
Signed and sealed (being first duly
stampt) in the presence of us,
HEN. ROOKE.
ROBT COUNT.
FRAS YERBURY. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the said Sixteenth day of December,
in the seventh year of the reign of His said Majesty King George the Third,
the aforesaid Francis Yerbury came before our said Lord the King in His
Chancery, and acknowledged the Writing aforesaid, and every matter and
thing therein contained, in form above said. And the said Writing was
stamped according to the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the
late King William and Queen Mary and so forth.
Inrolled the aforesaid Sixteenth day of December, in the seventh year of
the reign of His Majesty King George the Third, 1766.