IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Binion Cooper, of 121, Drury Lane, and
the South-western Foundry, Paradise Street, London, Iron Founder,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES.'
"
Sealed the 20th May 1873, and dated the 18th March 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Binion Cooper
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th March 1873.
I, GEORGE BINION COOPER, of 121, Drury Lane, and the South-western
Foundry, Paradise Street, London, Iron Founder, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in portable and other stoves or
fire-places and consists, firstly, in the application and use in open fire-
stoves of a chamber or box, into which cold air from a separate apart-
ment or from the external atmosphere enters and becomes highly heated,
and finally issues into the apartment in which the stove is situated, or
into other apartments for the purpose of heating the same. The heating

page_text: chamber is situate beneath the fuel basket or fire-grate, and may be
either cast therewith, or made separate therefrom, so as to be capable
of being fitted to any ordinary stove. This heating chamber or box is
formed with its upper surface ribbed or corrugated to receive more
rapidly the heat from the fuel, which ribs also act as conductors of heat
to the chamber upon which they are cast, and it contains a number of
diaphragms or division plates so arranged as that the cold air (which
enters the said chamber through a pipe leading from a separate apart-
ment or from the external atmosphere) is caused to traverse in a zig-zag
or serpentine direction over the internal surface thereof, whereby such
air becomes highly heated and then enters and passes along pipes or
flues in connection with the heating chamber into the apartment to be
heated. These pipes or flues by preference of a non-conducting
material may be arranged behind the skirting, or in any other con-
venient position, and made to extend in part around the apartment in
which the stove is situate, or they may be made to conduct the heated
air to any other apartment required to be heated, at the same level or
above, suitable regulating valves being provided for the purpose of ad-
mitting more or less of the heated air into the said apartment as desired,
or the warmed air may be discharged through the upper part of the same
stove. I fit in front of the heating box or chamber an ornamental metal
guard, behind which guard the ashes from the fuel basket or fire-grate
fall, thereby serving to increase the heat of such chamber, and at the
same time preserve a clean and ornamental appearance outside the same.
My improvements consist, secondly, in constructing portable closed
stoves or segments of terra cotta, connected together horizontally or
vertically in such a manner as to allow for expansion and contraction
and thereby prevent fracture. These segments are supported upon a metal
base or stand provided with a projecting rim which serves to hold the seg-
ments together at their lower ends, their upper ends being similarly held
together by a metal top or cover, also provided with a projecting rim,
sufficient space being left between the said rims and the segments to
allow for expansion. I further connect the segments together by
fillets or bars of metal which enter grooves formed in the contiguous
edges or junction surfaces thereof, such bars preventing any escape of
smoke from the stove into the apartment, whilst at the same time they
allow of expansion and contraction. Thereis also a central wrought band
at the feeding door level; when the stove is made with horizontal terra

page_text: cotta rings a tee iron band is used to each outside the joints or courses.
The metal cover above referred to is fitted with a door for the admission
of fuel and a tube is also provided for the passage of the smoke and
heated products of combustion, a sliding ventilator is fitted to the
upper portion of the stove to allow ventilation from the room into the
chimney, and it passes the vitiated air above the covering terra cotta
tile of the internal fire chamber into such flue or chimney from the
stove into a chimney or into the atmosphere. An opening provided with
a suitable door is formed in one of the segments for the purpose of
lighting the fire, and a similar door for clearing away ashes, a suitable
regulating valve being also provided at the bottom of the stove for the
ingress of air to support combustion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Binion Cooper in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th September 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BINION COOPER, of 121, Drury Lane, and the South-western Foundry,
Paradise Street, London, Iron Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Binion Cooper, Her special license
that I, the said George Binion Cooper, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Binion Cooper,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Binion Cooper, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Binion Cooper, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in stoves and fire-places for
warming and ventilating rooms and other buildings, and consists, firstly,
in the application and use in open fire-stoves of a chamber or box called
the air chamber, into which cold air from a separate apartment or from
the external atmosphere enters, and by traversing this chamber in a zig-
zag manner guided by the interposition of diaphragms becomes highly
heated and finally issues into the apartment in which the stove is situate,
or may be taken to any other apartment if necessary for the purpose of
heating the same. The heating or air chamber is situate beneath the
fuel basket or fire-grate, and may be either cast therewith as a part of
the grate, or may be cast as a separate chamber capable of being fitted to
any ordinary stove, this heating chamber or box is formed with its upper
surface ribbed or corrugated, so as to receive more rapidly the heat from
the fuel, which ribs and upper surface also act as conductors of heat to
the chamber below on which they are cast; this chamber contains a
number of diaphragms or division plates cast on to the top plate, so
arranged that the cold air (which enters the said chamber through a pipe
leading from a separate apartment, or from the external atmosphere) is
caused to traverse in a zig-zag or serpentine direction over the internal
surface thereof, whereby such air becomes highly heated and then enters
and passes along pipes or flues in connection with the heating chamber
into the apartment to be heated. These pipes or flues by preference of
a non-conducting material may be arranged behind the skirting or in
any other convenient position, and made to extend in part around the
apartment in which they are situate, or they may be made to conduct
the heated air to any other apartment required to be heated at the same
level, or above, suitable regulating valves being provided for the purpose
of admitting more or less of the heated air into the said apartment as
desired, or the warmed air may be discharged through ornamental
gratings in the upper or lower part of the stove at the top or sides. In

page_text: front of the heating chamber or box is fitted an ornamental metal guard
behind which guard the ashes from the fuel basket or fire-grate fall
serving to increase the heat of such chamber, and at the same time to
preserve a clean and ornamental appearance outside the same, and
prevent the cool air of the apartment from acting upon the front of the
hot air chamber to cool it.
In connection with this Invention I arrange a system of throttle
valves for regulating the quantity and direction of the heated air; for this
purpose I arrange the pipes or flues leading from the air chamber in
such a manner that one outlet on each side of the chamber may load
directly in a horizontal direction to the bottom of the stove side, and
deliver the warm air through perforations to the lower part of the room;
rising out of each of these lower horizontal pipes is a vertical pipe or fluc
leading up to the top of each side, or the upper part at the top if desired,
of the grate, where are similar perforations to those at the bottom. This
vertical pipe has free communication with the heated air chamber about
half way up each side of the grate, and behind the plate is arranged a
bracket or box carrying two bevel wheels geared together and working
on shafts, one horizontally and the other vertically; on each of these shafts
is fixed a throttle valve, one working in a vertical pipe and the other in
the bottom horizontal pipe, and set in such a manner that when the
bevel wheels are turned and free exit through either pipe prevented by
the throttle valve stopping the passage, the other valve is quite open and
vice versa, so that the current of warm air may be turned in either
direction at pleasure; these wheels and valves are actuated by means of
an ornamental knob or handle in the face of the grate.
My improvements consist, secondly, in constructing portable closed.
stoves of terra cotta built up of segments connected together horizontally
or vertically in such a manner as to allow for expansion and contraction,
and thereby prevent fracture. These segments are supported upon a
metal base or stand provided with a projecting rim which serves to hold
the segments together at their lower ends, their upper ends being
similarly held together by a metal top or cover also provided with a
projecting rim, sufficient space being left between the said rims and the
segments to allow for expansion. These segments are further connected
together by fillets or bars of metal, which enter grooves formed in the
contiguous edges or junction surfaces thereof, such bars preventing any

page_text: 1, ducts for conveying warm air to another room, or to a distance from
the grate.
Sheet 2 represents the method of regulating the supply and the exit
of warm air from the upper or lower perforations in the sides of the
grate. Figure 1 shews front elevation of grate; Figure 2, plan of fire-
place and section of vertical warm air tubes; Figure 3, section of air
tubes shewing the action of regulator; a, bottom of grate; f, ornamental
guard; g, g, vertical air tubes conducting warm air from air chamber to
upper perforations; h, h, lower perforations; h', h¹, upper perforations;
k, k, ornamental knob or handle for working the valves; m, m, pairs of
bevel wheels keyed on to valve spindles; n, valves in lower flues for
regulating the supply of warm air through the lower perforations; o, o,
valves in vertical flue for regulating the supply of warm air through
lower perforations; p, p, box or bracket for carrying bevel wheels and
valve spindles.
Sheet 3 represents a closed stove used for warming and ventilating;
Figure 1, outside elevation of closed stove; Figure 2, vertical section;
Figure 3, sectional plan; a, fire-bars; b, ash pit; c, c, holes or passages
for the supply of air to fire; d, combustion chamber; e, e, chimney;
f, moveable tops; 9, 9, pins for swivelling fire-bars; h, regulator valve;
k, k, ventilators; 1, 1, segments of fire-brick.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
my said Invention, and how the same is to be carried into practical
effect, I wish it to be understood that what I claim and desire to secure
by these Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The use of a separate heating air chamber in position as
shewn adapted to open fire-grates for the purpose of heating a current
of air and delivering it through flues or pipes to various parts of the
room, as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings annexed
on Sheet 1.
Secondly. The method of regulating and diverting the supply of
warm air through various openings, as herein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings annexed on Sheet 2.
Thirdly. The arrangement of making terra cotta closed stoves in
monta with montinal sunnly flues and ventilators for the AAAA
0

page_text: making an air stove act, also as an exhauster, as hercin-before described
and illustrated by the Drawings annexed on Sheet 3.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Binion Cooper, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
GEO. B. COOPER. (L.S.)
Witness,
H. ELLIS HILL,
of the Firm of Barlow & Co.,
Patent Agents,
23, Southampton Buildings, W.C.