A CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE FIXED ON THE NAVES OF WHEELS AND BEDS OF AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES, SO AS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS FROM THE AXLETREES BREAKING, OR IF EITHER OF THE AXLETREES OF SUCH CARRIAGES SHOULD HAPPEN TO BREAK, THE CARRIAGE DROPPING ONLY ABOUT A QUARTER OF AN INCH, THE SAME CARRIAGE WILL PROCEED ON TO THE END OF ITS JOURNEY WITHOUT DANGER OR ANY ACCIDENT HAPPENING FROM THE SAME; OR IF BY ANYANS THE LINCH PINS GET , OR CAP SCREWS OFF, THE WHEELS WILL KEEP IN THEIR FORMER SITUATION
Year: 1811

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WILLES COOPER, of Old Street, in the Parish of Saint Luke, in the County of
Middlesex, Millwright, do send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fourteenth day of March, in the fifty-first year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Willies Cooper, His especial licence that I, the said Thomas Willes
Cooper, my exors, adññors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Thomas
Willes Cooper, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within that part of His United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "A CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE FIXED ON THE NAVES OF WHEELS
AND BEDS OF AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES, SO AS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS FROM THE
AXLETREES BREAKING, OR IF EITHER OF THE AXLETREES OF SUCH CARRIAGES SHOULD
HAPPEN TO BREAK, THE CARRIAGE DROPPING ONLY ABOUT A QUARTER OF AN INCH, THE
SAME CARRIAGE WILL PROCEED ON TO THE END OF ITS JOURNEY WITHOUT DANGER OR
ANY ACCIDENT HAPPENING FROM THE SAME; OR IF BY ANY MEANS THE LINCH PINS
GET OUT, OR CAP SCREWS GET OFF, THE WHEELS WILL KEEP IN THEIR FORMER
SITUATION;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said Thomas Willes Cooper, by an instrument in writing under my

page_text: hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the "said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Willes Cooper, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and
ascertained in the manner following, that is to say :-
I fix to the carriage or beds of axletrees straps of iron, brass, or any other
proper metal, secured by screwed bolts and clips projecting forward over the
naves of the wheels in what shape such carriage or beds of axletrees may
require. I fix to the axletrees, or to the beds of axletrees, straps of iron,
brass, or any other proper, metal, projecting forwards under the naves of the
wheels, which are secured by screwed bolts and clips. I also fix to the naves
of the wheels grooved flanched hoops, made of iron, brass, or any other proper
metal; or instead of the grooved flanched hoops being secured on the naves of
the wheels I have the boxes of the wheels made longer than the naves pro-
jecting out at the back, with two flanches on each of them to form the grooves.
I have also joint hoops, made of iron, brass, or any other proper metal, with
the joints at the bottom, and fixed fast to.the lower straps under the naves of
the wheels, to remain loose in between the flanches of the grooved flanched
hoops; or between the flanches on the boxes of the wheels, and secured to the
top straps by either screwed keyed, bolts or keyed keys, and I. secure covers to
my jointed hoops by rivets or screws to keep the dirt from the grooved flanched
hoops; or I fix to the naves of the wheels hoops made of iron, brass, or any
other proper metal, with three or more necked, stubs at equal distances on
each hoop. I also fix to the tops and bottoms or sides of axletrees or beds of
axletrees, by means of screwed bolts and clips, straps of iron, brass, or any
other proper metal, formed at the ends next the naves, as hoops round the
axletrees or beds of axletrees; and I also fix to the hoops on the naves of the
wheels internal flanch hoops with mortices in them to receive the necked stubs
and secured on by a bolt or key to each hoop, which internal flanch hoops, by
projecting backwards from the naves of the wheels, the flanches will cover the
hoops of straps on the axletrees or beds of axletrees, and work round them
and when an accident occurs it takes its bearing inside the flanch hoops
when an axletree breaks the carriage dropping only about a quarter of ar
inch, and the weight which was in the boxes takes its bearing from the to

page_text: straps and joint hoops on the grooved flanched hoops, the joint hoops being
secured to the top and bottom straps working in the grooved flanched hoops;
or if made with the internal flanched hoops it takes its bearings at the bottom
of the flanched hoops, and when an accident occurs, it keeps the wheels in its
former situation, and prevents the carriage falling down, and enables it to go
forward on its journey without any danger; or if the linchpins get out or nutts
get off, the wheels will slide forward to get off till stopt by the joint hoops
against the back flanch of the grooved flanched hoops, and prevent the wheels
getting off, and can proceed on its journey without any danger, and may be
fixed to any carriage; and by taking out either the top bolts or keyed keys
the joint hoops fall down, so that the wheel or wheels may be taken off and
oiled; or when done with internal flanched hoops, by taking out the bolts which
keep the hoops on the naves the wheels may be taken off.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eleventh
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1811, the aforesaid Thomas Willes Cooper came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eleven.