IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBERT
DANIEL HINDLEY, of Berners Street, Oxford Street, Carpet Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Sixth day of May, in the eighth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Albert
Daniel Hindley, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Albert Daniel Hindley, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Albert Daniel
Hindley, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Albert
Daniel Hindley, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Albert Daniel Hindley, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say-
My Invention consists of arranging apparatus in a loom for the purpose of
introducing in the progress of weaving lengths of worsted or other yarn
suitable for making the pile of carpets or other piled fabrics in such manner
that the ends of the lengths of yarn so introduced are caused to stand off from
the surface of the fabric as a pile.
In carrying out my Invention, I apply opposite each space in the reed what
may be called yarn holders, each having several holes so that it may receive
yarns of several colors, any one of which yarns in the same holder may have
taken from it a short length by apparatus and conducted to and worked into
the fabric, and these yarn holders are to be so worked that a different color of
yarn may be taken from one holder at each time, or the same colored yarn
may be taken from a holder and introduced into the fabric in forming the pile
opposite any space in the reed as many times in succession as the particular
pattern may require; and these yarn holders are to be made with as many
holes as there are colors required in the pattern in the length of fabric
produced opposite any space in the reed of a loom, and the yarn holders are
so worked, that they are moved up or down in such manner as to bring the
particular colored yarn all in a line which are next to be used in the fabric,
and then what I call yarn carriers (one to each space in the reed) will take a
short length of the yarn from each yarn holder so brought into position for
that purpose, and carry such short lengths into the fabric which is being
woven in the loom, in such manner that one end of each short length of yarn
stands off from the face of the fabric, the other end being carried through the
warp; a weft is then to be thrown across, which, being beaten up by the reed,
will shut the short introduced lengths between the previous work and the
newly introduced shoot of weft; the yarn carriers then move so as to bring up
the other ends of the short lengths of yarn in such manner that those other
ends may stand up on the face of the fabric which is being woven, when
another shoot of weft is thrown across and beaten up; so that it will be per
ceived that each short length of yarn which has been introduced into the fabric
has been so operated with that both ends stand off from the face of the fabric,
and each such short length of yarn is bent under a weft thread and then shut
into the fabric by the last weft thread thrown in. By this arrangement it will

page_text: be seen that only so much yarn of a particular color is introduced into the
fabric as is actually required for making the pattern, and not as heretoforo
when weaving cut piled fabrics in pattern from the warp, where the different
colored yarns are worked into the fabric out of sight between the parts of the
pattern where they appear, and the fabrics produced according to my Invention
are very similar to what are called Persian carpets, rugs, and other such cut
piled fabrics. The yarn for making the pile on fabrics according to my Inven-
tion are cut into lengths by means of a suitable cutting apparatus, as hereafter
explained. I have thus far explained the nature of my Invention; I will now
proceed to describe the means which I employ for carrying the same into
effect; in doing so it will not be necessary to describe the working of ordinary
parts of a loom, and the Drawings show apparatus suitable for performing
the various movements required by my Invention applied in a loom, sufficient
of the parts of which are shown in the Drawing to enable a workman to
understand the working of the various parts of the mechanism. In carrying
out my Invention, the ground fabric into and on which the pile is to be made
may be varied according to the judgment of the weaver, and I would state that
in making carpets, or rugs, or such like heavy fabrics, I usually make the
ground of hempen yarn with worsted yarn in colours to produce the pile, and
I prefer that the ground should be woven with two shoots, a thick shoot for
the backs, and a finer shoot for receiving and shutting in the pile, and at the
same time for forming the face of the fabric, as is well understood by weavers;
but this may, as before stated, be varied, my Invention not being confined to
any particular ground or weaving of a fabric, but, as before stated, it consists
in applying apparatus to a loom so as to introduce short lengths of yarn into &
woven fabric as it progresses in weaving, so as to produce a pile on the surface
of a woven fabric.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The nature of each of the views shown by the Drawings being written
thereon, it will not be necessary to repeat the same here. a, a, is the framing
of the machine; 6 is the reed, which consists of a series of plates of metal
fixed in the frane &, in the manner shown. The lower parts of the plate of
the reed where the head of the warp is formed are wide, but above the sheets
are narrow, as shown, the object being that the yarn carriers working in the
spaces of the reed never leave those spaces, but they rise and fall within the
spaces produced by the neighbouring plates of the reed, and the narrow con-
tinuations of those plates which ascend above the parts where the shed of the
warp
is formed. The frame carrying the reed is suspended, and it is worked
to and fro in a similar manner to that ordinarily practised in weaving when

page_text: beating up the weft. c is the warp; d is the roller, which moves the fabric
away as fast as it is woven. This roller is put in motion by means of the
driver e, carried by the apparatus which introduces the yarn for making
the pile, as hereafter explained, such driver giving motion to the ratchet
wheelf, on the axis of which is affixed a pinion g, which takes into and
drives the cog wheel h on the axis of the roller d, on the surface of which
roller there are numerous points, so as to hold the fabric, and the fabric
is then wound on to the roller i by a weighted cord, as shewn. j.j, are
the yarn holders, there being several holes through each, in order that they
may each hold several yarns each of a different color. The stems of these yarn
holders are guided in the frame k, and they are moved up and down by means
of draw cords or wires j', j', which are to be worked by any suitable pattern
surface in such manner that any one of the holes of each yarn holder may be
brought up to the proper position to have the yarn taken hold of by the yarn
carryer working in the space of the reed opposite which the particular yarn
holder is placed: thus, supposing the first or upper hole of any thread holder
has a red yarn through it, the second hole a green yarn, the third a blue yarn,
and so on, then, whenever the first hole is brought into position a portion of
red yarn would be taken, and if the second hole be brought up into position
then a portion of green yarn would be taken and introduced into the fabric,
and so on, with whatever different colors of yarn a yarn holder may contain, the
draw threads being raised or lowered by a pattern surface or other means
to bring the particular colored yarn into a position to be taken by the yarn
carrier. Each of the yarn carriers consists of two plates welled to a bar l',
such two plates 1 having a tendency to separate or spring from each other
when free to do so, and they are caused to close by being enclosed within
a sliding socket m; by which arrangement cach carrier is so operated on, as
hereafter described, that in going up to an end of yarn of a yarn holder
the plates are separated at their ends, and they pass beyond the edge of the
yarn holder, which edge is of a blunt wedge-shape, and then the socket slides
on the plates and causes them to approach each other, and at the same tiu:e
the holders move back, by which the carriers slide in contact with the two
inclined surfaces of the yarn holder, and when they arrive to the edge of the
yarn holder the ends of the carriers come together, pressing the end of yarn
(which has been presented to them by the yarn holder) between the plates; a
length of yarn is then drawn out from the yarn holder, in the manner hereafter
described, and then such length is cut off by the cutting apparatus, hereafter
explained, the length cut off remaining securely held between the two plates 2,
and in this condition the length of yarn is carried down in such manner that

page_text: the yarn comes against the shoot of weft last thrown across (which has been
beaten up, and a fresh shed open for the next weft), the ends of the plates
proceeding low enough down to carry the inner end of the length of yarn down
through the warp, in such manner that when another shoot of weft is thrown
in and beaten up the outer end of the length of yarn may stand off from the
face of the fabric or pile, and then the carrier is so moved as to bring
up the other end of the length of yarn to allow of another shoot of weft being
thrown in, which, being beaten up, it will shut in the bent yarn so as to cause
the other end thereof to stand off from the surface of the fabric as pile; the
carrier plates will then separate and leave go of the yarn, and be in a con-
dition to repeat the operations above mentioned. The carriers and the
sockets are placed in the spaces of the reed, and move up and down each
carrier in its own space. The sockets m of the yarn carriers are each fixed
to a plate m', and the plates or bars l¹, m³, are carried by means of bars 1, m³,
by the projections 18, m³, being affixed to those bars, as is shown. And
it should be stated that the back end of each plate m' passes between and is
guided through the warp by two wires n, such wires being stretched, the warp
being on either side thereof, so that the plates or bars m' are controlled to pass
through the same spaces in the warp in moving up and down through the
warp, and the bars or plates l' ride on the upper surfaces of the bars or plates
m', so that they pass through the warp with the plates m¹. The bar l' is
carried by two end plates 1, the nature of which is shown in the Drawings,
and these plates are carried by connecting rods P, , by which the plates are
raised up and down from the position shown in the Drawings to the other
position shown in red lines, the lower position being the one where the yarn
carriers introduce the portions of yarn into the fabric, and the upper position
being that when the carriers receive the yarn from the yarn holders.
The connecting rods 1, 1, are at their upper ends attached to arms on either
side of the loom, fixed to the axes n, o. On these axes are affixed the pulleys
p and
9. there being balance weights r to balance the machinery or apparatus
worked by these axes, as shown. The front ends of the plates are capable of
moving on the necks or axes (7)7), which are fixed in bearings sliding up and
down between the fixed guides s, s, hence the plates can at the back end
rise upward before throwing the second shoot under the introduced length
of yarn. The bar m is carried by and affixed to the two end plates m', which
slide on raised guiding surfaces formed on the plates 1, there being grooves on
the plates m' to receive the raised guiding surfaces on the plates m'; and in
order to move such plates m the axis t is used, turning in bearings on
the plates, there being two excentrics t' affixed on the axis t, which work

page_text: within loops m³ on the bars m². On the axis t is fixed a handle t, by which
a workman moves the axist partly round, whereby the sockets m will be slided
to close the carriers 7 when they are up to the yarn holders, and they will be
slided back when the carriers are to leave their hold of the yarn. In order to
draw out the proper length of yarn the following apparatus is put in motion :-
When the carriers are in position, the turning of the axis t, as above stated,
causes the plates m* to slide, and studs me come against the levers v, by which
the plates w which carry the axes of such levers are slided forward a short
distance, so as to cause the yarn holders to move so that the yarn carriers may
close on to the yarn, and then the lever a is moved, by which the plates w will
be moved forward, thus carrying away the yarn holders from the carriers / a
distance suitable for the length of yarn required for the pile, and this is
governed by the rods u and screw stops u³, and by so doing the levers a¹
carrying the cutting apparatus bring up the cutters into position to make the
cut across the machine. This cutting apparatus consists of a straight bar y and
circular cutter y¹. The cutter y being fixed in a frame y' connected by levers
and rods to the levers x, and the frame of such cutting apparatus is guided in
rising up and down by sockets ³, as is shown; and the cutter y² is capable of
being drawn across the machine by the workman by the cord y', and in
its passage across by bearing against the straight edge y the cutter y³ will
revolve, and thus cut the yarns as it proceeds across.
•
In working the machine three workmen are required, one to throw in
the weft, to tread the treaddles, and to bear up the weft; a second workman
rises and falls the yarn carrier apparatus by means of cords to the pulleys p, q,
and he opens and closes the carriers by means of the handle on the axist;
the third workman moves the handle of the yarn holder apparatus, so as
to draw out the proper length of yarn, and he also moves the cutter across by
the cord, as described.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means
I am acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood that
I do not claim any of the separate parts herein described, nor do I confine
myself to the details shown and described, so long as the peculiar character of
iny Invention be retained; but what I claim is, the mode herein described
of manufacturing piled fabrics, by applying apparatus to looms for introducing
lengths of yarn so as to form pile, as above explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Daniel Hindley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
A. D. IIINDLEY. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Albert Daniel Hindley came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. Aud also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.