Improvements in or connected with Oil Burners or Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 8th Feb., 1900-Accepted, 24th Mar., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in or connected with Oil Burners or Heating
Apparatus.
We, CHARLES MUSKER, ARTHUR MUSKER, and WILLIAM GEORGE HAY, all of
Dundas Street, Bootle, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to burners or heating apparatus in which liquid
or oil fuel is used as the heating or burning agent.
The class of oil burning apparatus to which this invention relates, is that in
which the oil-such as ordinary petroleum-is vapourized or gasified, and the
vapour or gas burned as it is produced, the vapourization or gasification being
effected in the burner.
In the vapourization or gasification and combustion of the oil, and in the
vapourizer and burner, preferably, all or substantially all the air required to
support combustion of the fuel is positively supplied by a blower or pump.
And this air is heated to a high temperature; and is then in a heated condition,
delivered to the oil vapourizer or gasifying chamber or chambers, and it passes
through them with the oil gases or vapours. The heat of the air effects the
vapourization of the oil, and mixing with it, the two pass together, to the
burner apertures proper; and when the apparatus is in full work and power,
the vapourization practically needs no heat from the metal surfaces of the
vapourizing chamber or chambers.
The burner portion proper consists of a plurality of small holes or nostrils, prefer-
ably bored through a block of metal of some considerable thickness; and they are,
preferably, so proportioned in relation to the volume of gaseous fluid, that the
pressure behind or within the burner apertures or nostrils is small and the
velocity of issuance comparatively low. This obviates noise. Then, this supply
being continuous, the constant proper action, without back firing or explosions,
is ensured.
In front of the nozzle flames there is, in some cases, an obstruction or baffle,
say a heavy metal grid, which assists in breaking up the flame, and prevents
tco great a velocity of flame jet, so that it acts in the desired manner, and
with an efficient result. Inside the burner, say at the entrance of the flame
holes or nostrils, and also within the chamber behind or within them, there is
or are provided one or more diaphragms of wire gauze or the like, to assist
in preventing back-firing, which might tend to happen under special conditions
of disturbance.
The oil vapourizer is so constructed that the oil at times when the air is
not highly heated, and the apparatus in full work, is free to flow or fall over
a heating surface from the point at which it is introduced, until the whole of it
is vapourized, and so that it is not stopped or collected from the time of
entrance. In one form of vapourizer, the oil is introduced at the upper part of
an annular chamber around the burner chamber proper, having partial partitions,

page_text: or plates in it, to direct the oil and gas and air to and fro longitudinally as
well as downwards. The supply of oil being at the upper part, it will separate
at the top and flow right and left. towards the bottom; whence it passes as
vapour to the. inner burner chamber proper. The burner is heated, externally,
and the heat of the burner is transmitted to the metal walls of these chambers
to a sufficient degree to vapourize all the oil at such times.
The air is heated by passing it through a similar chamber to the vapourizing
chamber say round the front portion of the burner, with ribs on it; and then
conveyed at the upper part into the oil vapourizer at the point of introduction
of oil. This hot air will thus vapourize the oil and pass along with it through
and into the burner chamber, through the gauze diaphragms, and the long
burner holes or nostrils. The heat of the burning fluid heats the walls and webs
of the air heating chamber, and the air is thus in turn heated by them.
Dated this 6th day of May 1899.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents,. 15, Water Street, Liverpool.
Improvements in or connected with Oil Burners or Heating
Apparatus.
We, CHARLES MUSKER, ARTHUR MUSKER, and WILLIAM GEORGE HAY, all of
Dundas Street, Bootle, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to burners or heating apparatus in which liquid
or oil fuel is used as the heating or burning agent, of the kind comprised in our
former application for Patent No. 16920 of 1898.
The class of oil burning apparatus to which this invention relates, is that in
which the oil such as ordinary petroleum-is vapourized or gasified, and the
vapour or gas burned as it is produced, the vapourization or gasification being
effected in the burner.
In the vapourization or gasification and combustion of the oil, and in the
vapourizer and burner, preferably, all or substantially all the air required to
support combustion of the fuel is positively supplied by a blower or pump.
And this air is heated to a high temperature and is then in a heated condition,
delivered to the oil vapourizer or gasifying chamber or chambers, and it passes
through them with the oil gases or vapours. The heat of the air effects the
vapourization of the oil, and mixing with it, the two pass together, to the
burner apertures proper; and when the apparatus is in full work and power,
the vapourization practically needs no heat from the metal surfaces of .the
vapourizing chamber or chambers.
The burner portion proper consists of a plurality of small holes or nostrils, prefer-
ably bored through a block of metal of some considerable thickness; and they are,
preferably, so proportioned in relation to the volume of gaseous fluid, that the
pressure behind or within the burner apertures or nostrils is small and the
velocity of issuance comparatively low. This obviates noise. Then, this supply
being continuous; the constant proper action, without back firing or explosions,
is ensured.
· In front of the nozzle flames there is, in some cases, an obstruction or baffle,
say a heavy metal grid, which assists in breaking up the flame, and prevents
too great a velocity of flame jet, so that it acts in the desired manner, and

page_text: with an efficient result. Inside the burner, say at the entrance of the flame
holes or nostrils, and also within the chamber behind or within them, there is
or are provided one or more diaphragms of wire gauze or the like, to assist
in preventing back-firing, which might tend to happen under special conditions
of disturbance.
The oil vapourizer is so constructed that the oil at times when the air is
not highly heated, and the apparatus in full work, is free to flow or fall over
a heating surface from the point at which it is introduced, until the whole of it
is vapourized, and so that it is not stopped or collected from the time of
entrance. In one form of vapcurizer, the oil is introduced at the upper part of
an annular chamber around the burner chamber proper, having partial partitions,
or plates in it, to direct the oil and gas and air to and fro longitudinally as
well as downwards. The supply of oil being at the upper part, it will separate
at the top and flow right and left towards the bottom; whence it passes as
vapour to the inner burner chamber proper. The burner is heated externally,
and the heat of the burner is transmitted to the metal walls of these chambers
to a sufficient degree to vapourize all the oil at such times.
The air is heated by passing it through a similar chamber to the vapourizing
chamber; say round the front portion of the burner, with ribs on it; and then
conveyed at the upper part into the oil vapourizer at the point of introduction
of oil. This hot air will thus vapourize the oil and pass along with it through
and into the burner chamber, through the gauze diaphragins, and the long
burner holes or nostrils. The heat of the burning fluid heats the walls and webs
of the air heating chamber, and the air is thus in turn heated by them.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section shewing the burner;
and Figure 2 is a cross section through the burner, half taken at line A A
and half at line B B.
In the drawings, the oil vapourizing or gasifying chamber is designated a ;-
and it is formed by an outer circular wall a', an inner annular wall a², an
end wall and an end cover a, bolted on the ends of the walls a' a². The.
chamber is thus annular. The air heating chamber is designated b, and is of
similar form to a; its outer and inner walls bb being substantially a con-
tinuation of a and a² respectively; while wall 63 closes one end, and the other
end being closed-except at the upper part where it communicates with a-by
the wall. This wall a constitutes a partition between the chambers a and b.
The communication between the chambers b and a is at the highest part, and is
made by a portion of this wall being cut away.
The entrance for air to the chamber b is by the branch at the bottom of this
chamber b; this branch being connected with the source of supply of air.
Within the chamber b there are thin annular ribs 65, which convey heat from
the burner within the wall 62 to the air as it passes through the chamber b. The
oil, say ordinary petroleum, is introduced into the chamber a through pipes c,
entered through the top of the outer wall a¹, and falls on to the upper part of the
wall at either side of the centre. Within the chamber a there are a series
of partial partitions a³, extending out from walls and a, alternately; and
also extending radially from the inner wall a² to the outer wall a¹. These
partitions cause the oil vapour and air to flow in a circuitous course through
the chamber a.
Within the wall a2, at the front end of the burner, there is a chamber d,
closed at one end by a bolted on cover d', and having a perforated wall dat
the other end. The perforations in this wall are numerous, and are in the
form of tubular passages of small diameter, arranged closely together; that is,
they are relatively small in diameter, and relatively long. This proportion is
conveniently provided by making this wall of thick metal, and drilling or
coring out the holes through it. In the front end of this wall there is inserted
a gauze diaphragm ³ for the purpose of ensuring that no back firing shall take
place; and a second gauze diaphragm may also be provided.

page_text: In front of d there is a perforated block e of iron or fire resisting material,]
for breaking up the flame jet, and obstructing its flow, thereby reducing its
velocity, and increasing its heating action. It also assists in obviating noise
in the combustion.
The chamber a communicates with the chamber d by an opening d³, in the
bottom of the wall a². And communication between the outside of the burner
and the space in front of the wall d is by means of a tube f, which passes
through a cover and the wall d, and is provided with a cap f. By removing
this cap and introducing a kindling device, the combustible fluid issuing through
the wallis ignited.
At the bottom, beneath the chamber a, there is a removable cover j; while at
the upper part over the chamber b, there is a cover. When the apparatus
is cold, and it is required to start it, these covers are removed, and the heat of
an oil or other lamp is conducted through the space or opening in which is
normally covered by j; and this heat passes round the outside of the chambers a
and band out by , heating, thereby, both the air chamber and oil vapourizing
chamber.
In action, at starting, the oil supplied to the chamber a, and falling on to the
plate, flows on both sides over this plate, and its vapourization is assisted by
the heat of same, and passes, with the air, to the chamber d; while, when
the apparatus is in full heat and work, the hot air coming from the chamber b
(wherein it receives its heat from the wall 2 and annular webs 65), vapourizes
the oil and this same air also serves to support the combustion of the oil
vapours it carries, being together a combustible or inflammable mixture. This
heated air and oil vapour, therefore, pass away together in zig-zag fashion
through a, intimately mixed; and pass up through the lower aperture d in a²
into the chamber d, and thence through the holes in the diaphragm. And this
combustible mixture of air or oil vapour or gas burns at the discharge ends of
these apertures, being first ignited by passing a kindling device through the
tube f; and they burn at the end of these holes as nozzles in the space or chamber
between 2 and 6. The device e acts as an obstruction and breaks up the flame
and its velocity, the effect of which is that a steady and more effective burning
and heating action of the combustible gases is afforded; while it also, with the
outer parts, obviates all roaring, hissing, or noise, which usually accompanies
burners of large power.
The oil and air will be supplied in quantities and proportions necessary to
affect the combustion and purposes as herein referred to; and the air should
therefore be supplied in regulated quantities, or by mechanical means, in order
to assure the required action.
The improvements connected with burners herein set forth are serviceable for
use in heating furnaces generally, and to any other equivalent or analogous
purposes, that is to say, to heating purposes generally.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. The herein described improvement connected with heating apparatus in
which oil is the combustible, namely, the vapourization of the oil by heating all
the air used in the combustion of the said oil to a high temperature, and bringing
such hot air into contact with the ou delivered within a chamber or conduit ;
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The herein described improvement connected with heating apparatus in
which oil is the combustible, consisting in heating all the air used for the
combustion of the fuel, vapourizing the said oil by bringing such hot air into
contact with it; artificially mixing the said vapours of oil and air, and making
a uniform mixture; and then burning such combustible mixture in the
burner.
11.1

page_text: J.
apparatus in which oil is used as the combustible, and the oil
is vapourized prior to combustion, comprising an oil vapourizing chamber
having an inclined hot vapourizing surface down which the oil is adapted to
run; an inlet for the air used for the combustion of said vapourized oil; an
outlet for the passage of the combined air and vapourized oil; and a burner in
which the said mixed fluid burns; substantially as set forth.
4. In a heating apparatus in which oil is used as the combustible, an annular
oil vapourizing chamber; an oil supply conduit feeding the oil onto the upper
part of the inner wall of the said chamber; an opening connected with the
said chamber for supplying the combustion air thereto; a chamber within the
said vapourizing chamber and communicating therewith; and a perforated wall
at one end of the said inner chamber through which the mixed combustible fluid
is discharged.
5. In a heating apparatus in which oil is used as the combustible, and having
an oil vapourizing chamber, and an opening connected with the said chamber
for supplying the combustion air thereto; a chamber connected with the said
vapourizing chamber and communicating therewith; a perforated wall at one
end of the said chamber through which the mixed combustible fluid is discharged;
and a flame breaking up and obstructing perforated block directly in front of
the said perforated discharge wall.
6. In a heating apparatus in which oil is used as the combustible, an annular
oil vapourizing chamber; an oil inlet at the upper part of same; an annular air
heating chamber adjacent thereto and communicating therewith; an inner
chamber communicating with the oil vapourizing chamber; a perforated wall
at one end of the said chamber, through which the combustible fluid passes
and at which it burns; and a combustion space within the air heating chamber.
7. In a heating apparatus in which oil is used as the combustible, the annular
oil vapourizing chamber a; air heating chamber b adjacent thereto and com-
municating therewith; chamber d within the chamber a and communicating
therewith; and a perforated wall d².
8. In a heating apparatus in which oil is used as the combustible, an annular
oil vapourizing chamber having an oil inlet at the top and directing partial
partitions a, an air inlet also at the top; a discharge opening at the lower
art for the outlet of the combined fluid; and an internal chamber d into which
he said fluid is delivered..
9. The heating apparatus set forth with reference to and shewn in the drawings.
Dated this 7th day of February 1900.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.