Improvements in Machines for Obtaining Reproductions of Carvings and Sculptures, Natural Patterns, or Casts.
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Obtaining Reproductions of Carvings
and Sculptures, Natural Patterns, or Casts.
I ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M. & Wm. Clark, of
53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me by
Robert Morgeneier, of 453 East Fourth Street Winona, in the County of Winona
and State of Minnesota, United States of America, Machinist) and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a machine by means of which the most
elaborate and delicate carvings and sculptures as well as natural patterns or casts
therefrom may be reproduced in unlimited number and at an enormous reduction in
time and cost as compared to hand work and all methods heretofore employed the
machine being so organized that the patterns or models, which may be composed
of any proper material, will sustain no damage during the process of duplication.
To the end above named, the invention consists essentially of a reciprocating
standard, a series of guide fingers, a tripping mechanism arranged in connection
therewith, a series of drills or bits arranged in connection with the guide fingers,
a means for reciprocating the standard, a means for revolving the drills or bits,
holders for the pattern and for the material in which the reproduction is to be
produced, and a means for imparting a corresponding movement to the pattern and
the said material, such movements being practically universal.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the views.
Figure 1 is a plan view of the improved duplicating machine, the movable tables
being removed;
Figure 2 is a right side elevation of the machine, the chucks being shown in
position;
Figure 3 is a front view of the machine, the panel and panel-pattern holders
being shown in position;
Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional detail view on line 4-4 of Figure 1;
Figure 5 is an enlarged detail view of the clutch carrying table and its movable
supporting tables, the panel and panel pattern holder standards being shown in
section;
Figure 6 is a detail view of the table as it appears when the panel and panel-
pattern holders are substituted for the chucks, the binding screws being shown in
section;
Figure 7 is an enlarged cross sectional view on line 7-7 of Figure 2;
Figure 8 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view on line 8-8 of Figure 3, a
portion only of the machine being shown, and the upper table being represented as
it appears when the chucks are in position;
Figure 9 is a similar view on line 9-9 Figure 3, the panel holder being shown
in position and parts being broken away, a portion only of the machine being
represented in this figure;
Figure 10 is a greatly enlarged view of the ratchet and its connections, parts
being broken away;
Figure 11 is a similar view in central vertical section of the panel-pattern
holder;
Figure 12 is a detail view illustrating the connection between the guide fingers
and the drills or bits and the relative position of the reciprocating standard;

page_text: Figure 13 is a plan view of one of the drills or bits and its connections, parts
being shown in section; also frictional part of carrying frame;
Figure 14 is a plan view of one of the guide fingers and its connections, parts
being shown in section; also frictional part of carrying frame;
Figure 15 is an enlarged detail view of one of the guide finger tripping
mechanisms and reciprocating standard, parts being shown in section;
Figure 16 is an end view of one of the guide fingers;
Figure 17 is a side view of a portion of one of said fingers, the extreme end of
the finger being shown in section ;
Figure 18 is a view of the operating end of one of the drills or bits; and
Figure 19 is a side view of the operating end of one of the drills or bits.
In the drawings, 100 represents the main frame of the machine which serves as
the support for the several shafts, tables and auxiliary frames necessarily employed
in the construction of the machine. The main shaft of the machine is shown at 10,
and at one end of this shaft there is mounted a fast pulley 11 and a loose pulley 12,
ቢ driving belt 13 being arranged in connection with said pulleys. In organizing
the machine as at present contemplated, the pulleys 11 and 12 would be 18 inches
in diameter.
In proper position upon the shaft 10 there is mounted a 6 inch gear 14, which
engages a corresponding gear 15 carried by a shaft 16, and in connection with
this gear 15 I arrange a corresponding bevel gear 17, which engages a 24 inch
bevel gear 19 mounted upon a transverse shaft and made integral with or rigidly
connected to a corresponding surface gear 20, which engages a 12 inch gear
wheel 21 carried by a transverse shaft 22.
The shaft 22 also carries a gear wheel 23, such gear wheel being 24 inches in
diameter, and this gear 23 engages a 6 inch gear wheel 24, to the shaft of which
there is secured a crank disk 25. To the wrist pin 26 of the crank disk 25 I
connect a pitman or connecting rod 27, which extends forward and is pivotally
connected to a bed 28 mounted to slide in proper ways formed in the frame 100,
and this bed 28 carries an upwardly-extending standard 29, the purpose of which
will be hereinafter explained.
From the construction above described it will be seen that if the shaft 10 be
driven at the rate of sixty revolutions per minute the shaft 16. will be correspond-
ingly moved, while the shaft which carries the gear wheel 20 will be advanced
fifteen times per minute, the shaft which carries the gear wheels 21 and 23 will
be advanced thirty times per minute, and the crank disc one hundred and twenty
times per minute, thus bringing about one hundred and twenty equal and con-
tinuous reciprocations of the bed 28, and consequently of the standard 29.
The parts above described constitute what I term the first part of the train, the
object of this first part being to impart a continuous and equal reciprocating
motion to the bed 28 and the standard 29.
The second part of the train is driven from the gear 20, which gear engages a
6 inch surface gear 30 that is keyed upon a shaft 31 and made integral with or
rigidly connected to a corresponding bevel gear 32, which engages a similar bevel
gear 33 carried by a longitudinal shaft 34, upon which there is keyed a 6 inch
gear 35 that engages a 24 inch gear 36 keyed to a shaft 37 which carries a
12 inch bevel gear 38 that engages a corresponding gear 39 loosely mounted on a
transverse shaft 40, the connections being such that the gear 39 is revolved thirty
times per minute. This gear 39 carries a disk 41, from the peripheral face of
which there extends a number of detachable projections 42, as many of these
projections being employed as may be deemed advisable, the number depending
upon the character of the work that is to be done.
Above the shaft 40 there is mounted a threaded shaft 43, having a cam
head 44, the form of such cam head being best shown in Figure 8, and the
arrangement being such that as the disk 41 revolves, its projections 42 will bear
upon the can head 44, and the threaded shaft 43 will be advanced step by step,
one hundred and twenty intermittent motions being imparted to such shaft if the

page_text: disk 41 be provided with eight projections 42, and the speed at which the disk is
rotated be fifteen times per minute. The object of the intermittent rotary motions.
imparted to the screw shaft 43 will be hereinafter explained.
The third deflection of the power transmitted to the shaft 10, as heretofore
described is brought about by an 18 inch pulley 50 that is keyed to the inner end
of the said shaft 10. Upon this pulley there is mounted a belt 51 which runs
upon a 6 inch pulley 52 carried by a shaft 53, which also carries an 18 inch
pulley 54 upon which a belt 55 runs, said belt running upon a 6 inch pulley 56
mounted upon a shaft 57 which also carries a pulley 58.
Upon the pulley 58 I mount a long, driving belt 59 that extends upward to a
guiding pulley 60 mounted in bearings carried by an upwardly extending frame 61.
In its upward passage one length of the belt 59 bears against the peripheral faces
of a series of spindles 62, such spindles being one inch in diameter, and the several
constructions being such that when the shaft 10 is driven at the rate heretofore
named, the spindles will be driven at the rate of 9720 revolutions a minute.
At the right hand end of the frame 100, I mount a frame 63, in the corners of
which frame there are formed apertures 64, and upon this frame 63 I place a
frame or table 65 provided with downwardly-extending projections 66, such pro-
jections being so located as to fit snugly within the apertures 64, whereby I provide
for a slight vertical movement of the frame or table 65, but prevent any lateral
movement thereof. To bring about this vertical movement of the frame or
table 65, I provide a shaft 67 which carries two cams 68, such cams being formed
with a spiral bearing face which gradually recedes from the cam axis from the
point a to the point 6, (Figure 9) whereby there is formed an abrupt shoulder c.
Upon the shaft 67 i rigidly mount a ratchet 69, and loosely mount in connection
therewith, an arm or arms 70, which carry a pawl 71 (Figure 10) normally held in
contact with the ratchet teeth by a spring 72. The arm or arms 70 I connect with
a downwardly-extending arm 73 (Figure 2) that is carried by the reciprocating
bed 28, this connection being established through the medium of a rod 74.
The length of the stroke of the parts controlling the pawl-carrying arm or
arms 70 is such that several of the ratchet teeth would be passed over at each
reciprocation, but in order that the number of teeth actually engaged may be
regulated to suit the requirements of the particular class of work that is being
done, I provide a shield 75 which extends forward over the ratchet teeth, such
shield being adjustable and being held to place by a set or binding screw 76; and
to prevent any retrograde movement of the shaft 67 I provide a spring-pressed
retaining pawl 77, arranged as clearly shown in Figure 10.
From the construction above described it will be seen that at each reciprocation of
the bed 28, the shaft 67 will be advanced in the direction of the arrow shown in
connection therewith in Figure 9, and as the shaft is so advanced, the frame or
table 65 will be slightly raised, this raising being brought about step by step.
To prevent all undue friction I provide the table 65 with anti-friction rolls or
wheels 78, which bear upon the peripheral faces of the cams 68.
Above the table or frame 651 mount a frame or table 80, formed with down-
wardly-extending longitudinal flanges 81, such flanges riding in grooves formed
When the machine is in
for their reception in the upper face of the table 65.
operation, the table 80 has a transverse movement, and to impart this movement
to the table I pivotally connect arms 82 to the under side thereof, such arms
extending downward through grooves or apertures formed in complementary nut
sections 83 and 83°, such nut sections when in the position in which they are shown
in Figure 9 engaging the thread of the shaft 43.
In order that the nut sections may be normally held in the position in which they
are shown in the figure last above referred to, I aperture the lower ends of the
arms 82 and through the apertures so formed I pass a double-headed rod 84 upon
which there are coiled springs 85 and 85", such springs acting to hold the lower
ends of the arms together, as will be readily understood,

page_text: Just above the lower ends of the arms 82 I arrange a cam 86, which is held to
turn within a space formed by bending the arms outward and then inward at the
point where the cam is located. This cam 86 is centrally slotted and through the
slot so formed I pass a squared or irregularly formed rod 87, to the outer end of
which rod there is secured a lever arm or handle 88, the arrangement being such
that by throwing the lever arm or handle downward, the cam will be turned and
the nut sections thrown from engagement with the thread of the shaft 43, thus
checking all forward movement of the frame or table 80, such forward movement
being brought about by the intermittent forward movements imparted to the shaft 43
by the projections 42 of the disk 41, as heretofore described, but at the time the
forward movement of the frame 80 is checked, it is desirable that the upward
movement of the frame or table 65 be also checked, and to this end I provide the
pawl 71 with an arm 89 which extends to the rear over the shield 75.
Above this arm 89 I mount a lever 90, which is rigidly connected to a shaft 91,
such shaft at its opposite end carrying a lever 92 that extends into the path of the
lever 88, so that when the lever 88 is thrown downward to move the nut sections 83
and 83 from engagement with the thread of the shaft 43, the lever 92 will be borne
upon and the shaft 91 turned in a direction to carry its lever 90 in the direction of.
the arrow shown in connection therewith in Figure 10; and as the lever 90 is so
moved the pawl projection 89 will be borne upon and the pawl raised to a position
such that in reciprocating it will not engage the teeth of the ratchet 69, and hence
all forward movement of the shaft 67 will be checked.
Above the table or frame 80 there is arranged a table 94, this table being
guided by upwardly-extending flanges 95, 95ª and 95° formed upon the table, 80,
the arrangement being such that the table 94 may be moved longitudinally upon
the frame 80; but in order that the table 94 may be held in such position as may
be required, I prefer to form the flanges 95 and 95" with teeth d, and to provide
the table 94 with a rod or bar 96, having downwardly-extending projections 97
adapted to enter the spaces between the teeth d, a spring 99 acting to normally
hold the rod 96 in the position in which it is shown in Figure 5, that is, in a position
such that its projections 97 will enter the spaces between the teeth d, and hold the
table 94 in the desired position.
I
In proper location upon the table 94 I mount chain wheels 101 that carry
disks 102, the peripheral edges of such disks being formed with notches
that are
entered by catches 103, such catches being rigidly connected to a bar 104 mounted in
bearings secured to the table 94. The catches 103 are each provided with handles 105,
the arrangement being such that when the handle of one catch is depressed, the
other catch handle will also be depressed and the catches will be thrown from
engagement with the disks. To strengthen the connection between the catches I
prefer to connect the handles by means of a rod 106.
In connection with the chain wheels 101 I arrange a chain 107, so that when one
wheel is moved a corresponding motion will be imparted to the other wheel.
The disks 102 carry chucks 109, these chucks being of any proper construction
and being held to the disks in any manner desired, but in practice, I prefer to
provide the disks with upwardly-extending projections 110, which enter corre-
spondingly arranged apertures formed in the chuck plates, and I prefer to provide
the chucks with clamping blocks 111 that are carried by screws 112; but, as
before stated, I desire it to be distinctly understood that any form of chuck might
be employed.
In operation, the pattern is held by the chuck upon the right in Figure 5, while
the material to be operated upon is held by the chuck upon the left in said figure.
In certain cases, as for instance in the reproduction of panels, the chucks would be
discarded and in their place I would employ panel and panel-pattern holders, such
holders consisting of a bed plate 113, having a vertical frame 114, between the
standards of which frame 114 there is mounted a swinging frame 115, this frame
having a serrated lower flange 116.and an upper flange 117 in which there are a

page_text: number of set or binding screws 118 (Figure 11). The frame 115 carries a central
horizontal shaft, which shaft rides in curved slots 119 that are formed in the
standards of the frame 114.
The bed plate 113 has an upwardly-extending, apertured and threaded lug.120
through which there is passed an adjusting screw 121, the head 122 of this screw
being a double concave and riding in a properly shaped aperture formed in the
lower cross bar of the frame 115. The screws 121 are formed with cranks 123, or
one screw might be formed with a crank and the other with an eccentric, as shown
in Figure 6, and these cranks, or the crank and the eccentric are quartered and
connected by a pitman or connecting rod 124 that is jointed at h and ', the
arrangement being such that when either of the screws is turned, a corresponding
motion will be imparted to the other screw.
It will be seen that by turning the screws, the panel and its pattern carried by
the frames 115 may be simultaneously tilted forward or backward as the exigencies
of the case require. To bring about this turning of the screws 121, I provide such
screws with crank arms or handles 126.
In describing the connection between the chuck plates and the disks 102, I stated
that the disks were provided with upwardly extending pins which entered apertures
formed in the chuck plates. In Figure 11 I show the base plate of the pattern-
carrying frame as being provided with downwardly-extending projections or
pins 110 which enter corresponding apertures formed in the disks 102, this con-
struction being regarded as the equivalent of the one described in connection with
the chucks, it being of course understood that in the building of the machine one of
these constructions, to the exclusion of the other, would be employed.
When the machine is in operation, it will be understood that the frames 114
should be rigidly held, and to this end I provide standards 128 which extend
upward from the table 94, the upper ends of these standards being slotted to
receive forwardly-extending arms 129 that are held in such position as may be
desired by set or binding screws 130. The arms 129 carry clamping screws 131
which may be turned down to hear upon the frame 114, as represented in Figure 9.
These binding screws would also be employed when casts or models are used in
connection with the chucks 109.
On the right hand side of the machine, and just within the line of travel of the
standard 29, I mount a series of guide fingers 132, the cases in which such fingers
are held sliding in boxes mounted in an auxiliary frame 133.
The construction of
the guide fingers is best shown in Figures 14 and 15, the inner ends of the fingers
being threaded to engage the head of a sliding stem 134 which is held within a
frame case 135, which case in turn slides in rigid boxes held in frame 133, shown
in Figure 12, the stem 134 being formed with a recess 136 that is entered by a
limit screw 137 carried by the case 135. A spring 138 acts to extend the finger
in the relative position in which the parts are shown in Figure 14, that is, to hold
the finger extended.
The function of the guide finger is to indicate in conjunction with the pattern
when such guide finger touches the pattern, the relative or corresponding point at
which the particular drill or bit connected therewith shall cease to cut into the
material operated on. It is the governor of the reciprocating motion of the
carrying frames in so far as it controls the distance of the advancement of its
carrying frame during each reciprocating motion. The distance of the advance-
ment, of course, governs the depth of cutting, as there can be no contact of the
drill or bit with the material, except during the advancement of the standard and
carrying frame and while the frame is locked to the standard.
To the inner end of the case 135 I connect a housing 139 (Figure 15) and to the
inner end of the stem 134 I secure a toc 140 which rides within the housing and
bears upon a cam-beaded lever 141, the cam face of said lever bearing upon what
might be called a trigger 142, which trigger by a spring 142" is normally held in
engagement with a shoulder k formed upon a pawl 143, said pawl being in turn

page_text: borne upon by a spring 144, which normally acts to hold the pawl against a stop or
limit pin 145. To the rear of the pawl 145 I mount a locking lever 146, the
forward point of which enters a recess formed in the rear face of the pawl, while
the rear end m of the lever 146 extends outward from the bousing 139.
To the rear of the housing 139 1 connect a stem 147 which slides in boxes
formed in the uprights of the frame 133, the parts being normally held in the
position in which they are shown in full lines in Figure 12, by a spiral spring 148
that is arranged as clearly shown in the figure just referred to. The stem 147 is
pinioned in a block or frame 149, and to the rear end of this block there is con-
nected a laterally-extending rod 150, the left hand end of the rod being connected
to a frame 151. To the forward end of the block or frame 149 I secure a rod 152,
which extends diagonally forward to be secured to the forward end of the frame
piece 151. The stem 147, piece 149, rod 150, piece 151, and rod 152, constitute a
rigid frame, hereinafter to be designated as a "carrying frame." On frame
piece 151 forming part of said carrying frame are two projecting lugs provided
with boxes; through one of said lugs passes the spindle 153 and through the other
the stem 156, thus providing points of support for said carrying frame. To the
rear the spindle 153 terminates in a friction spindle 62, whilst at its front it carries
a tube or case 154 which is longitudinally slotted at 155, and within the case 155 I
mount the stem 156 to the forward end of which there is secured a drill or bit 157,
the end of the stem being provided with a head 158 which is internally threaded
in order that it may be engaged by a threaded projection formed at the butt end of
the drill or bit.
Just to the rear of the head 158 the stem 156, carries a collar 159, the forward
lug of the frame piece 151 resting between the head and collar, the stem passing
through this forward section of the frame (see Figure 13). To the inner end of
the stem 156 I secure a stud 160 which carries an anti-friction roll 161, the anti-
friction roll riding in the slot 155. From the construction just described it will be
seen that if the spindle composed of the roll 62, spindle 153, and case 154 be
revolved, a rotary motion will be imparted to the drill or bit 157.
As stated in the fore part of this Specification, the spindle rolls 62 are driven by
a belt 59 which passes upward over a pulley 60 mounted in bearings at the upper
end of a frame 61. With such an arrangement as the one described it is necessary
to provide a means for holding the belt 59 in frictional contact with the spindles,
and to this end I mount a series of tightening rolls 163 that are carried by
standards 164, such standards being connected to the standards of the frame 61 by
adjusting screws 165, the arrangement being such that by turning the screws
forward or backward, a proper degree of friction between the belt and the spindles
may be secured.
It will be understood that each one of the guide fingers is held with the corrc-
sponding drill or bit upon the opposite side of the machine by a carrying frame or
connection such as the one shown in Figure 12.
Referring now to the construction illustrated in Figure 15, it will be seen that
if the extending end m of the lever 146 be forced inward, the bearing face o of the
pawl 143 will be thrown outward and into the line of travel of the forward edge of
the upwardly-extending arm or standard 29, and held in such position by the
catch 142, but it will also be seen that if the guide finger 132 be forced inward
against the tension of its spring 138, the toe 140 carried by the stem 134 will bear
upon the lever 141, and such lever in turn will throw the trigger 142 from engage-
ment with the shoulder k, thus leaving the spring 144 free to throw the pawl 143
inward against its stop or limit pin 145.
When the pawls 143, are held outward by the trigger 142, in the position in
which they are shown in Figure 15, the forward edge of the independent recipro-
cating standard 29, will with its forward surface bear against the pawl faces o, and
with the forward motion of standard 29, the carrying frame with the guide fingers
will be advanced simultaneously with the standard, and the stems 156 holding the

page_text: drills or bits 157 will also be simultaneously drawn forward, and partially out of
their cases 154. Should no object arrest the advance of any one, all or several of
the guide fingers then the simultaneous forward motion of standard 29, carrying
frames 147, 149, 151, 152, guide fingers 132, 147, and drills or bits 156-157, will
continue to advance the entire extent or distance of forward stroke of pitman 27
(Figure 1) and upon the completion of such stroke, the parts referred to will all
move back to the starting point, the standard 29 while so moving backward
transferring the pressure from the pawl faces o, to the lever 146 at m by its set
bolts 170 and preceding such backward pressure, the force of the spiral spring 148
accumulated during the forward advance has set in. If, on the other hand in the
forward advance of the mechanism, just described, any one, several or all of the
guide fingers should either, simultaneously or at different periods in their forward
advance encounter the face of a pattern held within the line of their centrical
forward travel, such guide finger or fingers so encountered, will be checked, whilst
the remaining mechanism would still be advancing, the consequence of such
checking of the guide finger being that the case 135, will slide over its stem to the
extent permitted by the limit pin 137, thus virtually retracting the finger and its
stem 134, such retraction operating by the toe 140 and the lever 141 on the
trigger 142, whereupon the pawl 143 will be thrown within its housing by the
spring 144, and out of the reach of the still advancing standard 29. Immediately
when any guide finger has broken the connection existing between the standard 29,
and pawl 143, the carrying frame and drill or bit with which it is connected is
carried backward by the accumulated force of the spring 148, and such backward
movement, is completed, upon the return of the standard 29, because of its pressure
Whilst the office of
by way of the set bolt 170, upon the lever projection m.
spring 148, and bolt 170, is to return all of the frames, guide fingers, and drills or
bits, the bolt 170 has the further office of again throwing outward and within the
reach of standard 29, the pawls 143, of all of those frames whose connection
with the standard had become broken in the preceding advance as heretofore
described.
In order that the levers 146 may be operated upon as desired, I provide the arm
or standard 29 with adjustable stops 170, such stops being arranged so that they
may be turned forward into the path travelled by the lever projections m, then if
a pattern of small size is being operated upon and all of the cutters and guiding
fingers are not required, those which are not required may be held out of use by
turning back the stops 170 arranged in connection therewith.
In practice I would have several sizes of drills or bits, the coarser sizes being
used for large work, and the finer, smaller sizes for more elaborate work.
The machine which I have hereinbefore described operates as follows:
If a carved panel is to be reproduced, the pattern therefor is firmly fixed on the
pattern panel holder which has been placed on the disk 102 in advance of the
guide finger 132. The material in which the pattern is to be duplicated is fixed in
the same manner before the drills or bits, the parts being firmly clamped to place
by the screws 131, care being taken that both the panel and the material are at the
same angle horizontally and perpendicularly, which adjustment may readily be
effected through the medium of the screw 121, and by moving the disks and locking
them to place by their keys 103.
Prior to the starting of the machine the lever 88 is depressed, and the nut
sections 83 and 83" thrown from engagement with the threaded sections of the
shaft 43, and this movement of the lever will throw the pawl 71 from engage-
ment with the ratchet 69 and permit the operator to move the table 80 to the end
of its line of travel.
The upper table 94 having been pushed back out of reach of the drills or bits is
then pushed backward until the left hand end of the pattern and the material have
just passed the line of travel of the drills or bits and guide fingers. This point of
stoppage will be determined by a set nut which is adjustably connected to the

page_text: shaft 43. The upper table 94 is then returned to its working position and is there
held by the projections 97, which, as before stated, extend downward from the
rod 96, and engage the teeth of the racks 95 and 95º. The lever 88 is then raised
and the nut sections 83 and 83ª brought into engagement with the screw shaft 43,
the pawl 71 being also brought into contact with its ratchet by this movement of
the lever. When the parts have been arranged as described, the belt 13 may be
shifted to the pulley 11, and the machine thus started.
The projections 42 upon the periphery of disk 41 when acting on cam 44, impart
a steady intermittent motion to the screw shaft 43 which steadily advances the
table 94 connected thereto by the nut 83, 83" to the left at the rate of one sixteenth
of an inch for every intermittent motion of the screw, which screw is acted upon at
a speed which will carry forward the table at the rate of one inch per minute. The
ratchet wheel will be slightly turned and the cams 68 also turned, thus raising the
table or frame 65 and the parts carried thereby, lateral and vertical step-by-step
motion being continued until the left end portions of the material and pattern come
within range of the guide fingers and drills or bits.
Simultaneously with the movement of the tables just described, begins the
reciprocating motion of the standard 29, carrying forward and backward, the twelve
or more carrying frames, locked thereto by their pawls and levers, each frame
carrying its guide finger and drawing forth or returning its drill or bit. It will be
seen that with every forward and backward motion of the bed, 28, there will be a
corresponding backward and forward movement of the standard, and frames
carrying guide fingers and drills or bits. The description and drawings show that
this motion, as far as the standard is concerned, is regular, and continued and
always of the same previously adjusted extent as concerns distance. In the forward
movement, the drills or bits encountering material are forced into the same and cut
after the manner of a hand drill or bit, but with greater speed and precision. If
the guide finger does not touch its point against the pattern, the drill or bit will
cut into the material to the full length of the forward travel of the standard 29, and
the frame drawing it forward, not becoming unlocked from the standard, such frame
will follow the backward course of the moving power, drawing back such drill or
bit. So long as the pattern is not within the reach of the guide finger, the carrying
frame will remain locked, and reciprocate regularly with the standard 29. If the
pattern and material have been placed properly, as heretofore described, and have,
because of the motion of the table carrying them, passed within the line of travel
of the guide fingers and drills or bits, then the guide fingers will encounter the face
of the pattern, with and upon every forward advance of their frames, carried forward
by the standard 29. As soon as a guide finger is checked in its advance by
encountering a point of the pattern centrically opposite its line of forward travel,
and a slight pressure on the point of the finger ensues, that particular guide finger
through its stem and toe will act upon its particular lock, tripping its particular
pawl away from the standard 29, breaking all connection therewith, and allowing
the particular frame so disconnected to be partially drawn back and away from the
work, by its spring 148. Upon the return of the standard its relocking is effected
by the bolt 170, pressing upon the lever projection m, the bolt 170 performing the
double office of completely carrying the frame back to its starting point, and
throwing out the locking pawl as heretofore described. The action and motion
just described re-occurs with each finger, frame and drill or bit at each forward
motion, but the point of advance, whereat any particular drill or bit will cease to
cut, depends entirely upon the contour of the pattern which may at that particular
time stand within the reach of its guide fingers. Thus the greatest projection upon
the pattern will cause the guide finger or fingers opposite it, to release their frames
from the advancing standard first, the lesser projections, later, and the deepest
depression, calling for the deepest cut into the material on part of drill or bit will
naturally be the last surface encountered by any guide finger opposite it.
The twelve or more drills or bits revolved by the spindles 62 make as many

page_text: incisions for each advance, and effect these incisions at the rate of two per second;
therefore, when using a one-eighth of an inch designing drill or bit the edges of
these incisions will overlap at their upper and lower extremities, and upon a
repetition of these incisions after an advance on the part of the table one-sixteenth
of an inch, there will be a complete overlapping of one-sixteenth of an inch and
this overlapping of the incisions will continue during the operation of the
machine.
""
When the table has advanced to a point where the right end of the pattern and
the material have passed beyond the line of guide points and cutter blades the first
division of the work is complete and the duplicate is in the " rough The nut
sections 83 and 83ª are then disengaged from the screw shaft 42, although, should
the nut sections (because of any inattention on the part of the operator not. be
disengaged at the proper time) they will be carried forward to that part of the
screw shown at n, where the thread has been cut away and consequently the table
will cease its forward movement.
The upper table is then pushed out of range of the drills or bits and the panel
holders are turned through the medium of their cranks 126 to such an extent as to
form a decided angle, if necessary, of 70°, and the revolving chucks are turned to
the left until both panel and pattern holder are at an angle to the plane in which
they formerly rested. The table is then brought back to its starting point within
range of the drills or bits and guide fingers, the nut sections 83 and 83 are brought
into engagement with their shaft 43, and the table allowed to travel forward a
second time.
Although the drills or bits and guide fingers are in the same position as upon the
first line of travel, it will be seen that the backward slope has not only presented
an entirely new surface to the operation of the drills or bits, but has virtually con-
tracted the field upon which they operate thereby effecting several important ends,
viz.: the backward slope permits of an under cutting of the design and a more
complete overlapping of the surface already worked upon, and it also permits the
entering of the drills or bits at a more acute angle, thus removing any burrs or
incorrect projections which may have been left after the first action of the drills or
bits upon the material.
After this second operation the panel is passed through a third time, except that
the vertical and horizontal angles given to the pattern and material are reversed.
The result of this third and final operation is to thoroughly dress the surface of the
material, and to duplicate as well as to over cut and under cut the material, thus
producing an accurate duplicate of the pattern or model.
For work of very elaborate and minute intricate detail, a much smaller sized
drill or bit may be substituted for the ones originally employed, and the operations
above described may be repeated.
When duplicating a pattern which requires cutting on all sides the panel holders
are removed and the chucks 109 are substituted, the pattern and the material being
firmly fastened above the centres of the chucks.
After every passage of the material and the pattern beyond the perpendicular
series of guide fingers and drills or bits, model and material are turned to the right
or left until all sides of the pattern have been submitted to the action of the guide
fingers whereupon the "duplicate" will be formed.
When using large tools for the purpose of covering greater space in shorter time,
which may be feasible in work of large design and proportions, an increase of speed
in the rising of the table 65 and the transverse motion of the table 80 is brought
about by throwing the shield 75 backward so as to leave a greater number of the
teeth of the ratchet exposed, and by adding a number of projections 42 to the
disk 41.
It will of course be understood that the "time" of the machine could be varied
to suit the ideas of the builder, but we find the "time" hereinbefore set forth well
adapted to the work in hand.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. In a duplicating machine, the combination, of vertically and horizontally
movable pattern and material holders, and a reciprocating guide finger and drill or
bit, substantially as described.
2. In a duplicating machine, the combination, of vertically and horizontally
movable pattern and material holders, a reciprocating guide finger, and a recipro-
cating and rotary bit or drill, substantially as described.
3. In a duplicating machine, the combination, of a reciprocating frame, a guide
finger, and a continuously rotating bit or drill, said guide finger and drill or bit
being carried by the reciprocating frame, substantially as described.
4. In a duplicating machine, the combination, with a reciprocating frame, of a
guide finger mounted therein and having a movement independent of the movement
of the said frame, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In a duplicating machine, the combination, with a reciprocating frame and a
guide finger carried by said frame, of mechanism for arresting the movement of the
frame when the guide finger encounters the face of the pattern, substantially as
described.
6. In a duplicating machine, the combination, with a reciprocating frame and a
guide finger carried thereby, of mechanism for arresting the movement of the
frame when the guide finger encounters the face of the pattern, and means for
imparting a slight backward movement to the said frame when arrested, sub-
stantially as described.
7. In a duplicating machine, the combination, with a guide finger and means for
advancing the same, of a spring for retracting the finger, and a tripping device
operated by the finger to disengage it from the advancing mechanism, substantially
as described.
8. In a duplicating machine, the combination, with a frame and a guide finger
and drill or bit carried thereby, of a reciprocating mechanism for operating said
frame, and a releasing mechanism operated by the guide finger when it encounters
the face of the pattern to release the reciprocating mechanism from the frame,
substantially as described.
9. In a duplicating machine, the combination, with a frame and a guide finger
and drill or bit carried thereby of a reciprocating mechanism for operating the
frame, a releasing mechanism operated by the guide finger when it encounters the
face of the pattern to release the frame from the reciprocating mechanism, and a
spring for imparting a slight backward movement to the frame, when released from
the reciprocating mechanism, substantially as described.
10. In a duplicating machine, the combination, with a frame, and a guide finger
and drill or bit carried thereby, of a reciprocating bed, a pawl carried by the frame
and adapted to be engaged by the reciprocating bed, and a tripping mechanism
operated by the guide finger for disengaging the pawl from the said reciprocating
bed, substantially as described.
11. In a duplicating machine, the combination, with a frame, and a guide finger
and a drill or bit carried thereby, of a reciprocating bed, a pawl carried by the
frame and adapted to be engaged by the reciprocating bed, a tripping mechanism
operated by the guide finger to disengage the pawl from the reciprocating bed, and
a spring for imparting a slight backward movement to the frame when its pawl
is disengaged from the reciprocating bed, substantially as herein shown and
described.
12. The combination, with a guide finger, of a pawl, a means for throwing out
the pawl, and a pawl-tripping mechanism operated by the guide finger, substantially
as described.
13. The combination, with a guide finger and its stem, of a case, a spring
arranged in connection with the case and stem, a housing, a stem extending to the

page_text: rear from the housing, a second spring arranged in connection with the housing
stem, a pawl arranged within the housing, and a pawl-tripping mechanism, sub-
stantially as described.
14. The combination, with a guide finger and its stem, of a case, a spring
arranged in connection with the case and stem, a housing, a pawl mounted therein,
a spring arranged in connection with the pawl, a spring-pressed trigger, a lever
arranged in connection therewith, a toc carried by the finger stem and arranged to
bear upon the lever, a lever 146 arranged to engage the pawl, and formed with an
outwardly-extending projection, a stem extending to the rear from the housing,
and a spring arranged in connection with the stem, substantially as described.
15. The combination, with a series of reciprocating guide fingers, and tripping
mechanisms arranged in connection with the guide fingers, of revoluble cutters,
a means for revolving the same, and a connection between the cutters and guide
fingers, substantially as described.
16. The combination, of a pair of disks adapted to receive holders for the
material to be operated upon and the pattern respectively, and means for simul-
taneously rotating said disks, substantially as described.
17. The combination, of a pair of vertically and horizontally movable disks
adapted to receive material and pattern holders, means for simultaneously rotating
the said disks, and locking catches for said disks, substantially as described.
18. A duplicating machine, provided with rotating and transversely moving
material and pattern holding disks, substantially as described.
19. A duplicating machine, provided with a pair of vertically, longitudinally
and horizontally moving and simultaneously rotating material and pattern holding
disks, substantially as described.
20. The combination, of disks adapted to receive material and pattern holders,
chain wheels carried by the disks, and a chain passing around said wheels,
substantially as described.
21. The combination, with a pair of disks adapted to receive material and
pattern holders, of chain wheels carried by said disks, a chain arranged in con-
nection with said wheels, and a means for locking the disks, substantially as
described.
22. The combination, with a pair of disks formed with notched peripheral edges
and adapted to receive pattern and material holders, of chain wheels arranged in
connection with the disks, a chain which engages said wheels, locking catches 103
arranged to engage the disks, and rods by which the catches are connected,
substantially as described.
23. The combination, with a pair of disks adapted to receive material and pattern
holders, of a means for simultaneously revolving the disks, and clamping screws 131
arranged above the disks, substantially as described.
24. The combination, with a shaft, as 67, and a means for advancing the same, of
camis carried by said shaft, a table or frame mounted above the cams and provided
with guiding pins, and anti-friction rolls carried by the table or frame, which bear
upon the cams, whereby upon the turning of the shaft the table or frame will be
raised, substantially as described.
25. The combination, with a threaded shaft and a means for advancing the same,
of a table, arms extending downward therefrom, and nut sections carried by the
arms and arranged to engage the shaft, whereby when the shaft is turned the table
or frame will be moved laterally.
26. The combination, with a table or frame mounted to slide in ways, of pivotally
mounted arms which extend downward from the table or frame, nut sections carried
by the arms, a threaded shaft which is engaged by the nut sections, a means for
turning the shaft, and a device for separating the nut sections, substantially as
described.
27. The combination, with a table or frame mounted to slide in ways, of arms
hinged thereto and extending downward therefrom, nut sections mounted to slide

page_text: upon the arms, a threaded shaft that is engaged by said sections, a means for
revolving the shaft, a headed bar which extends through the lower ends of the
arms, springs arranged in connection with the bar and arms, a cam held between
the lower ends of the arms, and a means for turning the cam, substantially as
described.
28. The combination, with a series of guide fingers, of a rotary series of cutters
controlled thereby, vertically and transversely movable disks arranged in advance
of the fingers and cutters, and means for revolving the said disks, substantially as
described.
29. The combination, with a ratchet, of pivoted arms, a pawl carried thereby and
engaging the ratchet, a means for reciprocating the armis, and a guard or shield
arranged to overlap a portion of the ratchet teeth.
30. The combination, with a ratchet, of pivoted arms mounted in connection
therewith, a pawl carried by the arms, and engaging the ratchet, a means for
reciprocating the arms, a guard or shield arranged to overlap a portion of the
ratchet teeth, and a means for adjusting the guard or shield.
31. The combination, with a ratchet, of reciprocating arms arranged in connection
therewith, a pawl carried by the arms and engaging the ratchet, and means for
disengaging the pawl from the ratchet, substantially as described.
32. The combination, with a ratchet, of pivoted arms arranged in connection
therewith, a means for reciprocating the arms, a pawl carried by the arms and
arranged to engage the ratchet teeth, a projection 89 carried by the pawl, a means
for throwing the projection downward, a guard or shield arranged in connection
with the ratchet, and a retaining pawl, substantially as described.
33. The combination, with a series of cutters or drills, of spindles to which the
cutters are connected, and a belt running in contact with the spindles.
34. The combination, with a series of cutters or drills, of spindles to which the
cutters are connected, a belt running in contact with the spindles, and a series of
belt tightening rollers, substantially as described.
35. The combination, with a base plate, of a frame 114 carried thereby, a
frame 115 carried by the frame 114, and a means for tilting the frame 115.
36. The combination, with a base plate, of a frame 114 carried thereby, a
frame 115 carried by the frame 114, and an adjusting screw 121 that is arranged to
engage the frame 115, substantially as described.
37. The combination, with the base plates 113, of frames 114 carried thereby,
frames 115 carried by the frames 114, adjusting screws 121 arranged in connection
with the frames 115, cranks formed upon the screw shafts, and connections between
the cranks, substantially as described.
38. The combination, with a series of guide fingers, of a series of cutters
connected thereto, a set of pawls arranged in connection with the guide fingers, an
arm or standard 29 arranged to engage the pawls, and a means for reciprocating
the arm or standard to bring it into engagement with one of the pawls, substantially
as described.
39. The combination, with a series of guide fingers, of a series of cutters
connected thereto, a set of pawls arranged in connection with the guide fingers, a
tripping lever formed with an outwardly-extending projection, which lever is
arranged in connection with the pawls, an arm or standard 29 arranged to engage
the pawls, a means for reciprocating the arm or standard, to bring it into
engagement with one of the pawls, and stops or projections 170, carried by the
standard, substantially as described.
40. The combination, with a series of guide fingers, of a series of cutters
connected thereto, a set of pawls arranged in connection with the guide fingers,
tripping levers arranged in connection with the pawls and formed with outwardly-
extending projections m, an arm or standard 29, adapted to engage one of the
pawls, a means for reciprocating the same, and adjustable stops carried by said arm
or standard adapted to engage the projections m.

page_text: 41. The combination, of adjustable and revoluble panel and pattern holders, a
series of reciprocating guide fingers, a series of cutters, connections between the
guide fingers and cutters, and means for reciprocating the guide fingers and cutters
and rotating the cutters, substantially as described.
Dated this 21st day of July 10.
A. MELVILLE CLARK.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.