IMPROVEMENTS IN. PUMPS
Year: 1885

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
We, FREDERICK BALL and WILLIAM HORTON both of Birmingham Road
Stratford upon Avon, in the County of Warwick, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. PUMPS," and in what
manner, the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
=
Our invention relates to the construction of pumps which are particularly
applicable to the raising or pumping of sewage waters or such like semi-liquid
matter, but our said invention is also applicable to the raising of liquids in
general.
The pumps constructed according to our invention are provided with double
outlet, and inlet valves, and connecting valve passages leading from and to the
respective outlet and inlet ports. The outlet and inlet valves described open in
the reverse way to each other, and are so arranged that the to and fro movement
of the piston or bucket within its cylinder, allows only one of the respective
valves on each side to be opened at a time; thus the downward motion of the
piston or bucket, forces the liquid or semi-liquid out of, or through the lower outlet
valves to its port and closes the corresponding inlet valve, and at the same time
opens the upper inlet valve (above the piston) drawing. liquid after it, the corre-
sponding outlet valve being closed; thereby forcing the liquid, and creating suction
at the same time, so that the outward passage of liquid occasioned by the pressure
of the piston or bucket in either direction, closes the inlet valve on that side of the
piston Should any solid or foreign substance get between the valves and their seats
or lodge within the valve openings, it becomes displaced by the next lift of the valve
on the return movement of the piston or bucket.
Although we have described our invention in connection with a double acting
pump, in which the two and fro movement of the piston or bucket, forces in one
direction and creates suction in the other, yet our said invention is applicable to
single acting pumps.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
he manner in which our invention is to be carried into effect.
the
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a double acting pump constructed
according to our invention, the valves being closed; which consist of rectangular
metal flaps with india rubber facings Figure 2 is a front elevation of the pump

page_text: shewing the band lids for gaining access to the valves or valve openings-Figure 3
is a transverse horizontal section through A B figure 1, showing the valve passages
on either side the cylinder, leading to or from the inlet or outlet passages-Figure 4
is a plan of figure 2-Figure 5 shews upon a larger scale a transverse section of
one of the hand lids-Figure 6 is a plan and figure 7 is the fastening catch
separately Figure 8 is a plan of a flexible valve composed of india rubber, with
steel rods or wires embedded therein, but not running quite the full length of the
valve These rods give rigidity longitudinally while the valve is flexible trans-
versely Figure 9 is a transverse vertical section of the said flexible valve showing
a limiting stop or plate for preventing the valve from opening too far.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
Drawings.
a is the casing or jacket of the pump, b is the cylinder, c, c are the valve boxes
connected by water ways which are all cast in one piece with the pump jacket or
casing-d is the suction or supply inlet pipe and e is the delivery channel, through
which water is forced or discharged, fis the lower inlet valve, and f³ is the upper
inlet valve, leading to the upper and underside of the piston or bucket, g is the
lower or bottom outlet valve, and g² is the top outlet valve-These valves have
rectangular metal flaps with india rubber facings. c is the outlet water way
leading from the valves g, g² and c is the inlet water way leading to the
valves ffh is the aperture cover in the head of the pump, and i is the gland
through which the rod j carrying the piston or bucket ke works-The piston is
composed of india rubber or leather ², gripped between two metal plates /³, 1
with an intermediate packing of hard wood for preventing any metal composing
the piston from coming in direct contact with the cylinder, which has a lining of
solid drawn hard copper-, are the hand or sight lids for examining or gaining
access to the valves or passages as best seen in an enlarged view figures 5, 6 and 7-
12 is a cross or catch-bar provided with a gap at one end which engages with the
neck of a pin 1 while the other end turns hinge like upon the pin ; and passing
through the centre of the cross bar and catch 12, a screw set pin 16 passes which is
rotated by means of a vice handle 17, the screw set pin 16 is for the purpose of
screwing down the lid m covering or enclosing the aperture m² of the casing or
jacket a of the valve boxes c, 'c, so that in order to gain access to the valves or their
openings for repair, or for the removal of any matter intercepted, it is only necessary
to rotate the handle 7 so as to raise the cover m when the cross bar 12 and parts,
carried by it can be swung or turned aside upon the neck of the screw stud 15 as
à centre, and access to the valves obtained.
The action of the pump is as follows:- When the piston k descends (which may
be operated by either a crank shaft, rock shaft or otherwise) the water contained
in the cylinder under the piston is driven through the valve opening g which opens
outwards and through the outlet passage e-The valve fis closed by the pressure of
the water, while the valve f2 is opened and the space deserted by the piston k is
filled by water passing through the inlet passage d up the water-way c¹ through
the valve passage of the valve f2, and thence into the cylinder above the piston k,
the valve g being closed. When the piston k is raised, the valve g² is opened and the
valve f* closed, thus water is forced through the opening of the valve g² down the
water-way and thence away through the delivery pipe e, the valve g being
closed and the valve f being opened, through which water enters from the delivery
pipe.d which passes through the valve opening and fills up the space deserted or
left by the cylinder by the ascent of the piston, so that on each downward and
upward movement of the piston or bucket within its cylinder, water is forced
through the exit channel or passage and drawn through the ingress or delivery
pipe and should any solid or foreign substance lodge between the valve and its
seat, it falls or is readily removed on the next lift of the valve or on the return
movement of the piston-The valves are hinged or turn upon pins or joint centres
which pass through and are held within the casing of the pump—Or lugs or knuckle
joints may be cast upon the casing instead of as represented.

page_text: o
When our invention is applied to a single acting pump, the valves are arranged
to only act one way of the piston.
In constructing flexible valves as bereinbefore described which are applicable to
small sized pumps, we proceed as follows-n is a flat rectangular piece of rubber or
other suitable yielding material through which steel rods or wires o, o are embedded
(see figures 8 and 9) the ends of the said wires only approach within a short
distance of the edges of the valve-By interposing such rods or wires, the valve is
made yielding or flexible transversely and rigid longitudinally-The valves are
secured to their seats by means of pins p and limiting plates p².
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
First The improvements in the construction of Pumps, for raising and forcing
liquids and semi-liquid substances, the parts being arranged combined and acting
substantially in the way and for the purpose as described and set forth in
figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly-Constructing and arranging the valves, valve passages, valve seats,
valve boxes and valve water-ways herein before described and illustrated in
figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawings; whereby any solid or foreign
substance lodging within the valve openings, or between the valves and their
seats become dislodged therefrom, on the valves again lifting, or on the return
movement of the piston or bucket.
Thirdly The lids or covers marked and the parts connected therewith for
gaining access to the valves and valve openings as described and set forth in
figures 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly Constructing flexible valves composed of india-rubber or other flexible
or yielding material, having embedded within it steel rods or wires, which allow
the valve to yield in one direction, but make it rigid in the other, as described and
set forth in figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly-The improvements in the construction of pistons or buckets marked k
herein before described and set forth in figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this fourth day of February 1885.
FREDERICK BALL.
WILLIAM HORTON.
By Henry Skerrett,
G, Livery Street, Birmingham,
Agent to the Applicant.