A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRODE OR ELECTRIO CANDLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY AND EFFECTING THE DIVISIBILITY OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sigismund Cohné, of 65, Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRODE OR ELECTRIO
CANDLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY AND EFFECTING
THE DIVISIBILITY OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sigismund Cohné at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1879.
SIGISMUND COHNÉ, of 65, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London. " A NEW
OR IMPROVED ELECTRODE OR ELECTRIC CANDLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING
BY ELECTRICITY AND EFFECTING THE DIVISIBILITY OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT."
The object of my Invention may be thus stated:-Up to the present timo all
electric candles in use have been made from pure carbon or carbon mixed with other
substances, such, for example, as kaolin or plaster of paris, all of which have the
great disadvantage of burning too quickly away and producing in a greater or lesser
degree a flickering light. Such candles therefore require controlling mechanism to
regulate their distance from each other.
My Invention consists in making or forming a candle of the article or substance
known as ultramarine. The ultramarino may be either green, blue, or of any other
colour in which it is produced, and I may use it either in its pure state or mixed
with carbon, kaolin, plaster of paris, molasses, or with any metal reduced to powder,
so as to be in a finely divided state. The metal I prefer to use is copper, and it is
ultramarine, carbon, powdered copper, and molasses that I prefer to use.
I proceed as follows:- -To about four parts of carbon I add one part of ultra-
marine and one part of the finely divided metal, and as much molasses as will,
when mixed with the other materials, be sufficient to form the whole into a paste,
which can be moulded or otherwise formed into the shape desired. I prefer to form
it in moulds by hydraulic pressure or otherwise. The candle thus formed is dried
and heated by the fire, by whose action all the moisture is evaporated, the sulphur
is burned away, and the molasses as well as all other organic matter becomes
carbonised.
0
I do not confine myself to the exact proportions above named, and it will be
understood that the mixture just alluded to is only one of those of which my candle

page_text: may be made, as the other materials hereinbefore mentioned may be used either in
addition to or in substitution for some of those just named, or I may leave out one
of the substances just named in the mixture.
When these candles are put into use the resistance and the current in the arc are
to a very great extent less varying, and controlling mechanism to regulate the
distance is nearly unnecessary, because the candle is consumed very slowly in
comparison to those heretofore in use. Moreover less consumption of energy is
required for my candle, and therefore the divisibility of the electric light becomes
easier.
For effectuating the purpose last named, the divisibility of the light, I put the
candle before it is baked into a zinc tube, so that whilst baking the zinc sublimates,
and partly enters into the candle. By this means the conductibility is greatly
increased; thus very little consumption of energy takes place, and the problem of
the divisibility of the electric light is solved.
What I claim is, firstly, the use of ultramarine as manufactured, either blue, green,
or of any other colour, or instead thereof, the use of the different substances from
which, when united together, the article known as ultramarine is produced;
secondly, the use of (with the other substances forming my candle or candles) the
finely divided metal or metals; and, thirdly, the use of the zinc tube by placing
within it the candle, as herein and for the purpose herein described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Sigismund Cohné in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th July
.1879.
SIGISMUND COHNÉ, of 65, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London. " A NEW
OR IMPROVED ELCTRODE OR ELECTRIC CANDLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING
BY ELECTRICITY AND EFFECTING THE DIVISIBILITY OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT."
The object of my Invention may be thus stated:-Up to the present time all
electric candles in use have been made from pure carbon or carbon mixed with other
substances, such, for example, as kaolin or plaster of paris, all of which have the
great disadvantage of burning too quickly away and producing in a greater or lesser
degree a flickering light. Such candles therefore require controlling mechanism to
regulate their distance from each other.
My Invention consists in making or forming a candle of the article known as
ultramarine or the substances which when united together form or produce ultra-
marine. The ultramarine may be green, blue, or of any other color in which it is
produced, and I may use it either in its pure state or mixed with carbon, kaolin,
plaster of paris, molasses, or with any metal reduced to powder so as to be in a
finely divided state. The metal I prefer to use is copper, and it is ultramarine,
carbon, powdered copper, and molasses that I prefer to use.
I proceed as follows:-To about four parts of carbon I add one part of ultra-
marine and one part of the finely divided metal and as much molasses as will when
mixed with the other materials be sufficient to form the whole into a paste which
can be moulded or otherwise formed into the shape desired. I prefer to form it in
moulds by hydraulic pressure or otherwise. The candle thus formed is dried and
heated for a sufficient time by the fire, by whose action all the moisture is evapo-
rated, the sulphur is burned away, and the molasses as well as all other organic
matter becomes carbonised.
I do not confine myself to the exact proportions above named, and it will be
understood that the mixture alluded to is only one of those in which my candle
may be made. The other materials hereinbefore mentioned may be used either in
addition or substitution for some of those just mentioned, or I may leave out one of
the substances just named in the mixture.
When these candles are put into use the resistance and the current in the arc are
to a very great extent less varying, and controlling mechanism to regulate the
distance is nearly unnecessary, because the candle is consumed very slowly in com-
parison to those beretofore in use. Moreover less consumption of energy is required
for my candle, and therefore the divisibility of the electric light becomes easier.
For effectuating the purpose last named, the divisibility of the light, I put the
candle before it is baked, and for the purpose of baking, into a zinc tube, whereby
the zinc of the tube sublimates, and partly enters into the candle. By this means
the conductibility is greatly increased; thus very little consumption of energy
takes place, and the problem of the divisibility of the electric light approaches
solution.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be
understood that I do not claim separately the use of the substances other than
ultramarine or the substances from which ultramarine is made or produced, nor
separately the use of the finely divided metal, but what I claim and desire to secure
by herein before in part recited Letters Patent is, firstly, the use of the ultramarine
as manufactured, either blue, green, or of any other colour, or instead thereof the
use of the different substances from which when united together the article known
as ultramarine is produced; secondly, the use of the mixture or mixtures as herein
described for the purpose of forming my candle or candles; and, thirdly, the use of

page_text: the zinc tube by placing within it the candle before baking it, for heating the
candle within it to that temperature at which the zinc sublimates as berein and
for the purpose herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sigismund Cohne, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand t
eight hundred and soventy nine.
SIGISMUND COHNE. (Ls.)