Improvements in Wefting Mechanism for Looms for Weaving.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 16th Sept., 1898-Accepted, 22nd Oct.,
1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wefting Mechanism for Looms for Weaving.
I, DAVID JOHNSTON MACDONALD, of South Saint Roque's Works, Dundee, in
the County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineer and Machine Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to say: -
My said invention has for its object to contrive improved and simple mechan-
ism to interweave a weft drawn off a bobbin or roll at one side of the loom with
warps shed as in ordinary looms, so as to produce a web of any ordinary width.
In a loom made according to my invention, the weft passes through an eye at
the end of a weft bar, by which bar it is carried in loop form into the shed to
about the middle of the width of the fabric which is being woven. Whilst the
weft bar is moving inwards from the side of the loom at which is the bobbin
off which the weft is drawn, a hook bar is moved inwards from the opposite side.
Its hook engages with the loop of weft, and both bars then retiring, the hook
bar draws the looped weft through the remainder of the shed. At the further
side a selvedge thread is by means of a small shuttle passed through the loop
end, and then the lathe and reel complete the heat up in the ordinary way.
The weft bar is the upper limb of a doubled bar consisting of parallel hori-
zontal parts united by a bent part; and the lower limb is fitted to slide in a guide
upon the lathe below the level of the bottom of the reed. The hook bar is,
similarly the upper limb of a doubled bar the lower limb of which is fitted to
slide in a guide upon the lathe. The weft bar and hook bar may be worked by
mechanism of the kind described in Ferguson's Patent Specification No. 1105
of 1894 or by means of cranks, eccentrics or cams on the crank shaft of the
loom.
The loop end may be freed from the hook of the hook bar by the action of the
selvedge shuttle; or it may be disengaged from the hook by means of a lever
centered on and extending along the hook har, the outer end or other part of
the lever encountering a stop or stationary cam guide when the hook bar moves
outwards by which its inner end is moved so as to push the loop off the hook.
The selvedge shuttle may be carried in a cradle attached by a bracket to the
breast beam, in such a position that the beating up movement of the lathe may
carry the weft loop over it. Or the shuttle cradle may be caried by a swinging
bracket or part to which a suitable movement is imparted by a special cam.
With the parts as hereinbefore described a pair of weft threads is laid in each
shed, an arrangement which is quite suitable for some classes of woven fabric.
If preferred, however, in the case of some fabrics the looped or double thread,
which may be comparatively fine, may be twisted immediately after being passed
through a shed. For this purpose the hook bar is carried in a bearing or bear-
ings fixed to the lower limb, so as to be capable of rotating, and a pinion at its
outer end is at the proper time acted on by a spurwheel or toothed rack, so as to
turn the bar and twist the weft.
Dated this Seventeenth day of December 1897.

page_text: QUALI DIE DI MULTIUATION.
Improvements in Wefting Mechanism for Looms for Weaving.
I, DAVID JOINSTON" MACDONALD, of South Saint Roque's Works, Dundee; in
the County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineer and Machine Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:
My invention comprises new and simple, mechanism for interweaving weft
drawn off a stationary bobbin or roll with warps shed as in ordinary, looms so
as to produce a web of any, ordinary. width...In a loom provided with, my.im-
provements the weft passes through an eye at the end of a weft rod, by which rod
it is carried in loop form into the shed but not completely through it. Whilst
the weft rod is moving inwards from the side of the loom from which the weft
is drawn, a hook rod is moved inwards from the opposite side, and its hook
engages "with the loop of weft; and both rods next retiring the hook rod draws
the looped weft through the remainder of the shed. The weft loop is drawn by
the hook rod into a position in which a small shuttle carrying a thread passes
through the loop to form a selvedge.
My improved wefting mechanism is shown in the accompanying drawings,
Figure, 1, being à plan, Figure, 2, a sectional front elevation, Figure, 3, a side
elevation, and Figures, 4, 5, and 6,'enlarged views of the weft rod and hook rod.
Figure, 7, shows another modification of the mechanism for moving the shuttle.
The warp shedding apparatus of the loom may be the same as in existing looms,
and it is unnecessary to complicate the drawings by showing it.
The movements of the wefting mechanism are derived from the lathe, A,
which is arranged and works in an ordinary way. On a spindle fixed to a
bracket at the back of the lathe there is set a pair of pulleys, B, B1, fixed to a
sleeve or tube loose on the spindle. Around the upper pulley, B, which is the
smaller, there passes a cord, C, the opposite parts of which passing round a
guide pulley, B2, also carried by the lathe, A, have their ends fixed to front and
back parts of the side frame of the lathe; and the forward and backward move-
ments of the lathe cause the pulleys to rotate alternately in opposite directions.
Fixed to and wound partly round the lower and larger pulley, B1, there is a
cord, D, which receives an increased motion because of the difference of size of
the pulleys, B, B1, and which is fixed at its outer end to the outer end of a
bar, E. This bar, E, slides in guides, E1, fixed to the lathe, and has on it an
adjustable collar, E2, which when the bar, E, has moved a certain distance
towards the left hand encounters an eyed bracket, F, through which the bar, E,
passes, and which' projects down from a bar, F1, which is slotted and arranged
to slide on pins, F2, fixed to the lathe. This bar, F1, which moves partly
under the warps, has fixed to it by an upwardly projecting arm, a weft rod, G,
placed so as to enter the shed of the warps, and provided with an eye at its inner
end through which eye the weft, H, passes from a roll or bobbin at the back,
fension being applied to it by a small weighted lever, H 1, pressing it upon a
guide over which it passes. The bar, F 1, has fixed to its inner end an endless
cord, J, extending round two pulleys, J1, carried by the lathe and having fixed
to an opposite part of it, a slotted bár, K, (like the bar, F 1, but at the opposite
side of the loom) which slides on pins, K 1, fixed to the lathe, and which has
attached to it by an upwardly projecting arm, a hook rod, L. 'When the weft
rod, G, is moved inwards from the right hand by the bar, F 1, the endless cord, J,
causes the bar, K, to carry the hook rod, L, inwards from the left hand and the

page_text: hook engages with the weft loop in a manner that will be understood from
Figures, 4, 5, and 6, the weft loop being drawn through to the left-hand side of
the warps when the hook rod, L, returns outwards. The outward or return
movements of the weft rod, G, and hook rod, L, are produced by the recoil of a
spring, M, connected to a lever, M 1, the upper end of which bears on the
bracket, F, of the bar, F 1.
The loop of weft is by the outward movement of the hook rod, L, drawn to a
position a little beyond the left-hand side of the warps at the beginning of the
forward movement of the lathe; and the loop is passed over a small pointed
shuttle, N, partly by the forward motion of the lathe, and partly by a backward
motion of the shuttle. The shuttle, N, is held with its point directed backwards
in a cradle, P, fixed to a lever, P 1, which is curved to clear the lathe rail and is
fixed on a rocking shaft, P2, carried by brackets fixed to the loom framing.
On one end of the rocking shaft, P2, there is fixed a lever, P3, which has joined
to it a rod, P4, provided at its lower end with an antifriction roller to be acted
on by a grooved cam, Q, fixed on the crank shaft, R, the rod, P4, being
slotted so as to be guided by the shaft, R, which passes through the
slot. Immediately on the weft loop becoming engaged with the shuttle, N, it is
released from the hook rod, L. This hook rod, L, is jointed to the projection on
the bar K, but is held up by a spring, L1; and there is on it an adjustable
projection, L2, which on the rod moving outwards passes under a small antifric-
tion roller, L3, on a pin fixed to the lathe, this roller causing the hook end
of the rod to be depressed free from the weft loop.
On the lathe moving backwards after each beat-up it proceeds a short distance
(to allow of sufficient opening of the new shed) before the bars, F 1, K, which
carry the weft rod, G, and hook rod, L, are acted on, the distance depending
on the space between the bracket, F, and the collar, E2, which last is adjust-
able on the rod E. The weft rod, G, and hook rod, L, are entered into the shed
during the remainder of the backward movement of the lathe; and on the lathe
moving forward again the rods, G, L, are withdrawn, the weft loop is threaded
by the shuttle thread, and the newly laid weft is beat up.
With the view of imparting quicker movements to the shuttle, N, the mechan-
ism shown in Figure, 7, may be substituted for that herein before described.
In this modification the top of the lathe, A, has attached to it a chain, T, dis-
tended round pulleys, T1, T2, on pins fixed to a frame-piece, T3, the ends of
The chain being attached to the ends of an upper rod, U, which can move through
guides T4, T5. Through holes in the lower parts of the same guides, T4, T5,
there extends a rod, V, which by a curved arm, P 1, is attached to the cradle, P,
of the shuttle, N; and which has on it a projection, V1, through an eye in
which the upper rod, U, passes. When the lathe, A, moves forward it by the
mechanism just described moves the upper rod, U, backwards and a collar, W,
acting on the projection, V 1, of the rod, V, moves that rod and the shuttle back-
wards. The collar, W, is adjustable on the upper rod, U, so that it may com-
mence its action on the shuttle at what is 'in practice found to be the best time.
The shuttle moves forwards again with the backward movement of the lathe
by the action of a spring, X.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
1. In a loom for weaving an arrangement of wefting mechanism comprising
in combination a weft rod carrying a loop of weft partly through a shed of
warps from one side, a hook rod entering the shed from the other side engaging
the weft loop and drawing it through the remainder of the shed, and a selvedge
shuttle which passes its thread through the weft loop, together with means for
moving the weft rod, hook rod, and selvedge shuttle, substantially as herein before
described.

page_text: 2. In weft mechanism which inserts a loop of weft from one side partly
through a shed of warps, and draws the loop through the remainder of the shed
from the other side, sliding bars carrying the wefting instruments, and attached
to an endless cord so as to move oppositely, one of the said bars being moved
by an adjustable collar on a sliding rod which is moved by a cord fixed to a
pulley, the pulley being turned by means of a smaller pulley a cord passing
round which and another pulley has its ends fixed to front and back parts of the
loom framing, the pulleys being carried by the lathe, and being turned by the
action of the cord as the lathe moves, substantially as herein before described.
Dated this Fifteenth day of September 1898.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.