IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENT LIGHTS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lambert Hayward, of No. 79, Cornhill,
in the City of London, Manufacturing Ironmonger, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENT LIGHTS."
Sealed the 5th January 1872, and dated the 31st July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lambert
Hayward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st July 1871:
I, EDWARD LAMBERT HAYWARD, of No. 79, Cornhill, in the City of
London, Manufacturing Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENT LIGHTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pavement lights.
Pavement lights are commonly used to cover the areas in front of
windows in the basements of buildings, and the object of my Invention
is so to construct them that they may not simply allow the light to
pass through, but that they may also direct the light in an inclined
direction into the rooms it is desired to light. For this purpose I glaze
the frame of the pavement light with glass which is moulded so as to
be of a prism-like form on the under side, resembling to some extent in
this respect the glasses which are often inserted into ships' decks to
give light below.

page_text: The form and arrangement of the prism is, however, entirely altered
in order that the light may be thrown forward in one direction, as
already stated. One of the sides of the prism is upright or nearly so,
and the other side is inclined to it at such an angle that the light
passing through the upper surface may strike this inclined side and be
reflected completely or nearly so within the prism, and issue from the
upright or nearly upright side in the direction required. The sides of
the prism may be flat or curved in a horizontal plane.
I usually form the glasses to glaze pavement lights hexagonal on
the upper surface, and fit them into an iron frame with corresponding
hexagonal cells, but the glass may be made rectangular or of other form
on the upper surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Lambert Hayward in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 31st January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LAMBERT HAYWARD, of No. 79, Cornhill, in the City of London, Manu-
facturing Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Lambert Hayward, Her special
license that I, the said Edward Lambert Hayward, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Lambert Hayward, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENT LIGHTS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Lambert Hayward, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Lambert Hayward, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pavement lights.
Pavement lights are commonly used to cover the areas in front of
windows in the basements of buildings, and the object of my Invention
is so to construct them that they may not simply allow the light to pass
through, but that they may also direct the light in an inclined direction
into the rooms it is desired to light. For this purpose I glaze the frame
of the pavement light with glass which is moulded so as to be of a
prism-like form on the under, resembling to some extent in this respect
the glasses which are often inserted into ships' decks to give light
below.
The form and arrangement of the prism is, however, entirely altered
in order that the light may be thrown forward in one direction, as
already stated. One of the sides of the prism is upright or nearly so,
and the other side is inclined to it at such an angle that the light
passing through the upper surface may strike this inclined side and be
reflected completely or nearly so within the prism, and issue from the
upright or nearly upright side in the direction required. The sides of
the prism may be flat or curved in a horizontal plane.
I usually form the glasses to glaze pavement lights hexagonal on the
upper surface, and fit them into an iron frame with corresponding
hexagonal cells, but the glass may be made rectangular or of other
form on the upper surface.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is a plan of a pavement light consisting of a cast-iron frame,
35 in which are a number of hexagonal recesses, or the recesses might be
square or of other form.

page_text: In these recesses pieces of glass marked a, a, moulded to fit the
recesses and of a peculiar form are set.
Figure 2 is a side view of one of these pieces of glass; Figure 3 is a
front view, and Figure 4 a plan of the same; Figure 5 is a vertical
section (taken on the line 1, 1, Figure 4); and Figure 6 is a horizontal
section taken on the line 2, 2, of Figure 5.
The iron frame is also
shewn in section in Figure 3.
The inclined face a¹ of the glass a intercepts a large proportion of
the light descending through the glass, and it reflects the whole or
The
nearly the whole of the light thus falling upon it into the room.
opposite face a² which is towards the room is so formed as not to throw
back the light, and so by far the larger proportion of the light falling on
the face of the glass, and passing through it is directed into the room,
whereas other pavement lights and deck lights allow of an equal
distribution of the light in all directions.
Figures 7 shew a modification of the form shewn at Figures 2 to 6,
the principle however remaining the same, that is to say, one side of
the prism is considerably inclined, and the other, which faces the room,
is vertical or nearly so, by which arrangement the larger proportion of
the light is directed into the room.
The form shewn in Figures 2 to 6 throws the light more directly
forward than the form shewn by Figures 7.
Figures 8 shew a glass which is rectangular on the face, but in other
respects is similar to that shewn at Figures 2 to 6.
What I claim is, the construction of pavement lights, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lambert Hayward, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-two.
TTTTT
1
EDWARD LAMBERT HAYWARD. (L.S.)