CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING SODA WATER AND OTHER AERATED WATERS OR LIQUIDS
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
COLLIER BAKEWELL, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Eighth day of March, in the second year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Frederick Collier Bakewell, His especial licence, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Frederick Collier Bakewell, my exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Collier Bakewell, my exors,
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,.
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING OR MANUFACTURING
SODA WATER AND OTHER AERATED WATERS OR LIQUIDS;" in which said Letters.
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Frederick Collier Bakewell,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately

page_text: after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the aforesaid proviso, I, the said
Frederick Collier Bakewell, do hereby declare that my said Invention of
Certain Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Making or Manufac-
turing Soda Water and other Aerated Waters or Liquids, and the manner in
which the same is to be carried into effect, are fully set forth and explained in
the following description, elucidated by the Drawings hereunto annexed, that
is to say:-
My said Invention consists of a strong vessel of iron or other convenient
material, in the form of a vertical cylinder, divided into two parts by a
partition placed about one third of the height from the bottom, as represented
in the section Figure 1, in which a, b, c, d, is the exterior case of the vessel,
about eight inches diameter and eighteen inches high, end e the partition.
Through this partition a hole of communication is made f, about one inch
diameter, into which a tube g is fixed, quite air-tight, by solder, cement, or
otherwise; this tube may be of the diameter of two inches at the widest end,
may reach to the top of the vessel and project a quarter of an inch below the
partition. The top of this tube is closed, with the exception of an aperture to
admit the small tube h, of about 8/8ths of an inch bore, which tube is bent
down on the outside of the large one to near the partition, and is there inserted
into the bottom of a tube i, about two inches diameter, which reaches nearly
to the top of the vessel. This tube i, which acts as a gas washer, has a
partition k near the bottom, perforated with a small hole about the tenth of
an inch diameter, or with three or four smaller holes, equal altogether to the
aperture of about one tenth of an inch. Near to the top of this tube two
shelves or ledges s, s, are placed, about two inches apart and inclining down-
wards, each ledge closing about two thirds of the tube from opposite sides. The
top of this tube is closed, with the exception of a small aperture, into which
is fixed another small tube l, of about a quarter of an inch bore, which is bent
downwards to near the partition, and there turned and terminated in an enlarged
head m, perforated with a great number of very small holes; close to the bottom
of the upper compartment a stopcock d must be introduced, and near to the
top, and perpendicularly above the stopcock, a shelf t may be fixed to the side
inclining downwards, and of the width of one third the diameter of the vessel;
a similar. shelf may.
also be fixed on the opposite side, though these shelves
are by no means essential to the manufacture of the soda water, but facilitate
the impregnation of the water with gas, by increasing the agitation of the
liquid. The lid of the vessel is spherical, with a hole to admit the water, over

page_text: which hole an air-tight cap is to be screwed. In the lower compartment
of the vessel (which serves as the generator of the gas) a hole is made
in the side, close under the partition, a cistern n (coloured blue), of about
the capacity of a pint and half, must be fixed to the side and slanting off at
the bottom, towards the hole b, at an angle of about thirty-five degrees from
the horizon. The only opening to this cistern is through the tube or spout v,
which fits into the hole b, and may be about half an inch bore. In this
spout a bole p must be made close to the aperture 6, of about three eighths of
an inch diameter and a screen q, about three inches long, and about the same
size as the spout, may be placed under the hole to protect it from being
stopped up; from the top of the lower compartment a pendulum r must be
suspended from two points reaching to within about an inch of the bottom, as
represented, Figure 2. In the bottom of the vessel a large aperture c should
be made to admit the materials for making the gas, to which aperture a screw
must be fixed, as also to the opening b. The lid and bottom must be screwed,
soldered, or otherwise fastened so as to be perfectly air-tight, and the whole of
the exterior case should be made capable of bearing a pressure of eight
atmospheres. The vessel or outer case must then be fitted between two
upright standards, as represented Fig. 2, so as to vibrate freely on two pivots
about one third from the top of the vessel. The upper compartment of the
vessel must be lined with earthenware, tin, or other material upon which
carbonic acid gas and soda will not act, and the tubes may be made of the same
material. The lower compartment should be lined with earthenware, lead, or
other substance not liable to be corroded by sulphuric acid. The pendulum
also should be made of lead or earthenware. If an earthenware lining be
fitted into the iron case a communication may be permitted for the gas to
have access between the lining and outer vessel to prevent the pressure from
bursting the earthenware; in this case the interior side of the iron may be
painted or japanned, to prevent it from rusting. In making soda water or
other aerated liquids the machine is placed in a horizontal position (having
the aperture 6 upwards), and a quantity of whiting, powdered clalk, or other
calcareous earth is introduced, through an oblique funnel, into the large
aperture c, with about four times its bulk of water. The cistern n is then
nearly filled with diluted sulphuric or muriatic acid through the opening b, and
the caps screwed on. The water or liquid intended to be impregnated with
gas is poured into the upper vessel through the opening a, taking care not to
fill it quite full, so that it may have room for agitation; when the caps are
all screwed down the machine is vibrated on the pivots, in the course of which
operation a small quantity of acid falls from the cistern n, through the hole p,
b

page_text: at each vibration, among the whiting and water and generated carbonic acid
gas. This gas, having no escape excepting through the tube g, is forced by
its elastic pressure down the small tube h, through the gas washer i, and
down the other small tube l, through the small holes at m, into the water.
The vibration of the machine also causes the water to be shaken about, and
thereby facilitates its absorption of the gas, which being minutely disseminated
by passing through the small holes at m, quickly combines with the liquid.
The pendulum r is also brought to act upon the whiting or other material used
for making the gas by the same motion of the machine, and by stirring it
about presents a varying surface for the action of the acid.
The Invention to which I lay claim consists in the arrangement of the
apparatus by which the gas is generated under pressure and forced by its
own elasticity into the water. This arrangement consists in the first place
in enclosing the cistern that contains the acid for generating the gas within
the generator, and in such a manner as to pour out the acid gradually upon
the whiting or other calcareous earth employed by the same action that stirs
the whiting and agitates the water.
Secondly, in enclosing the generator and the vessel containing the soda
water within the same outer case in such a manner as to equalize the pressure
in the two vesssels (or compartments of the same vessel), thereby avoiding the
expence of having separate strong vessels for each.
Thirdly, in the combination of the large and small tubes through which the
gas passes from the generator to the water, by means of which combination,
together with the construction of the interior of the gas washer, the gas is
purified, and the whiting prevented from being forced into the water on the
sudden ebullition of the gas.
1
Fourthly, in the disposition of the whole apparatus within one outer case,
and in such a manner as to render the vibration of the machine sufficient to
perform the different functions of supplying acid to the calcareous earth, of
agitating the materials employed for generating the gas, of cleansing the gas,
and of agitating the liquid to be impregnated with gas. The dimensions
herein-before given are about the proportions in which I usually make the
apparatus, but the size may be increased or diminished according to the
quantity of liquor to be impregnated at a time.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Collier Bakewell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.
F. C. (L.s.) BAKEWELL.
"

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1832, the aforesaid Frederick Collier Bakewell came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.