Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 6th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 8th Nov., 1887
We, SAMUEL CHATWOOD, Lancashire Safe and Lock Works, Bolton, Banker's
Engineer, and SAMUEL RAWSTHRONE CHATWOOD of 76 Newgate Street in the City
of London, Manager do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
Our invention relates to an improved method of making changeable locks applicable
to key locks and also to keyless or dial locks.
The levers or slides of key locks and the discs or wheels of keyless locks we make
without gatings for the main stump of the lock bolt, but we make the gatings in the
edges of separate discs which we serrate or wheel cut and cause to gear into serrations
or teeth on the front edges of the levers or slides of key locks, or the periphery of the
discs segments or wheels of keyless locks.
The discs carrying the gating we mount loosely on a spindle which is moveable to
admit of the gear teeth being disengaged. With this object we provide eccentrics on
the spindles or other means may be employed. When it is desired to alter the
combination at which the lock will open motion is given to the spindle from the
back of the lock when the door is open and the main stump is in the gatings in
the unlocked position the gated discs are thus taken out of gear with the lever slides
or wheels permitting the free movement of the latter to any altered combination. In
the case of keylocks the key is then withdrawn shooting out the bolt without altering
the gatings from the unlocked position. (The gated discs having been taken out of
gear with the main stump in the gatings will not allow the relative positions of the
gatings to be altered until the gated dises have been again geared with the levers or
slides actuated by the key and the bolt locked.)
The new key is inserted while the levers or slides are free from the gated discs and

page_text: in this position the bolt is withdrawn to its extreme unlocked position and the gated
discs are thrown into gear when the lock is locked by withdrawing the key in the
locked position.
The fock then can only be opened by the same key as that in the lock at the time
the gated dises and the lovers or slides were brought into gear. In the case of
keyless locks the lock can only be opened when the discs or wheels are placed in the
relative positions they occupied when the gated discs and the discs or wheels attached
to the spindle or spindles were brought into gear.
Instead of gated dises mounted on a spindle we sometimes use gated slides which
engage by serrations into the edges of the levers or slides of keylocks or the discs or
wheels or into segments of keyless locks. These gated slides we so arrange as to
allow them to be withdrawn and thrown out of gear when it is desired to alter the
combination.
We mount the main stump of the lock on a bell crank lever, this we so arrange
that when pressure is put on the bolt the centre carrying the bellcrank is moved with
the bolt causing the free end of the horizontal limb of the bellcrank to be depressed.
When it engages with a fixed projection in the lock, or with a solid projecting part of
the lock. This bellcrank we so arrange that a line drawn from the pin on which the
bellerank works to the main stump is at-right angles or nearly so with the direction
of movement of the bolt whilst a line drawn from the pin to the other end of the
bellerank is parallel with the line of motion of the bolt, or thereabout. By the
horizontal limb of this bellcrank coming into contact with the fixed projection at
the back of the lock the main stump on the other limb of the bellcrank is withdrawn
from contact with the edges of the gated discs, the pressure applied to the bolt being
transferred to the solid case of the lock rendering it impossible to pick the lock by
tentatively feeling for the gating. We sometimes place part of the gated levers or
discs on one side of the bolt and part on the other side, and the stump is similarly
arranged, thus making the main stump much more capable of resisting pressure than
when simply rivetted by one end to the bolt or bellerank as has been usual, one
limb of the bellerank and part of the main stump we recess into the inner
edge of the bolt head for additional strength. In keyless locks the discs may be
carried by concentric tubes, and through the inner tube a solid spindle may be passed
to give motion to the bolt when all the discs are placed in the unlocked position or
one hollow spindle may be used to operate all the discs and through the hollow
spindle a solid spindle may pass to operate the bolt.
Sometimes in place of the stump we mount on the bolt moveable parts equal in
number and thickness to the slides operated upon by the key. Each of these parts
has a projection equal in width to the gating of the slides. When the lock is in
use the moveable parts on the bolt are held rigidly together by a screw, or other
suitable means. When it is desired to alter the relative position of the slides at
which the lock will open the screw is loosened allowing the parts carried by the
bolt a free movement with the slides operated upon by the key whilst the parts
carried by the bolt are engaged with tho gatings of the slides. The key which it is
desired shall open the lock is now inserted and the slides raised to their then
highest position. The parts on the bolt when thus set are screwed tightly
together, and afterwards, until another like change is made, the lock can only be
operated by the key in the lock at the time of screwing the limbs of the bolt
together.
We make locks of great strength, and small keys, difficult to pick, and relatively
thin. In these locks the seldom used locking parts are completely isolated from the
strong and constantly used latching parts. The lock consists of a case carrying a
frame bolt with ribs connecting the bolt-head with the rear end of the bolt which is
operated upon by the follower and the spring. A small separate lock is provided
within the frame bolt; and the bolt of the small lock shoots into the top or bottom
rim of the spring bolt.
The bolt of the small lock should be at least equal in width to the traverse of the
main bolt and so arranged that the main bolt can only movo when the small bolt is

page_text: in the unlocked position the bolt of the small lock acting as a block between the strain
bolt and a fixed part of the lock case when in the locked position thus ensuring that
any pressure applied to the main bolt can only subject the small bolt to a compressing
strain without by which no injury can arise to the holding parts of the small lock.
We prefer to place the levers of the small lock part on one side and part on the other
side of the bolt thereby increasing the strength of the main stump and the difficulty
of picking.
The follower we so arrange as to withdraw the spring bolt by a pull or push as
well as by turning the spindle. This we effect by providing inclines on the follower
and on the spring bolt. We sometimes place within the rose of the handle a spiral
spring to assist the action of the inner spring of the lock.
Dated this 6th day of December 1886.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: We, SAMUEL CHATWOOD, Lancashire Safe and Lock Works, Bolton, Banker's
Engineer and SAMUEL RAWSTHRONE CHATWOOD of 76 Newgate Street in the City of
London, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:—
Our invention relates to an improved method of making changeable locks applicable
to key locks and also to keyless or dial locks.
The levers or slides of key locks and the discs or wheels of keyless locks we make
without gatings for the main stump of the lock bolt, but we make the gatings in the
edges of separate discs which we serrate or wheel cut-and cause to gear with serrations
or teeth on the front edges of the levers or slides of key locks, or the periphery of the
discs segments or wheels of keyless locks.
The discs carrying the gating we mount loosely on a spindle which is moveable to
admit of the gear teeth being disengaged. With this object wo provide eccentrics on
the spindles or other means may be employed. When it is desired to alter the com-
bination at which the lock will open motion is given to the spindle from the back of
the lock when the door is open and the main stump is in the gatings in the unlocked
position; the gated discs are thus taken out of gear with the levers, slides or wheels
permitting the free movement of the latter to any altered combination. In the case of
keylocks the key is then withdrawn shooting out the bolt without altering the gatings
from the unlocked position. The gated discs having been taken out of gear with the
main stump in the gatings will not allow the relative positions of the gatings to be
altered until the gated discs have been again geared with the levers or slides actuated
by the key and the bolt locked.
The new key is inserted while the levers or slides are free from the gated dises and
in this position the bolt is withdrawn to its extreme unlocked position and the gated
discs are thrown into gear when the lock is locked by withdrawing the key in the
locked position.
The lock then can only be opened by the same key as that in the lock at the time
the gated dises and the lovers or slides were brought into gear. In the case of keyless
locks the lock can only be opened when the discs or wheels are placed in the relative
positions they occupied when the gated discs and the discs or wheels attached to the
spindle or spindles were brought into gear.

page_text: Instead of gated dises mounted on a spindle we sometimes use gated slides which
engage by serrations into the edges of the levers or slides of keylocks or the discs or
wheels or into segments of keyless locks. These gated slides we so arrange as to allow
them to be withdrawn and thrown out of gear when it is desired to alter the
combination.
We mount the main stump of the lock on a bell crank lever, this we so arrange
that when pressure is put on the bolt the centre carrying the bellcrank is moved with
the bolt causing the free end of the horizontal limb of the bellcrank to be depressed
when it engages with a fixed projection in the lock, or with a solid projecting part of
the lock. This bellerank we so arrange that a line drawn from the pin on which the
bellerank works to the main stump is at right angles or nearly so with the direction
of movement of the bolt,whilst a line drawn from the pin to the other end of the
bellerank is parallel with the line of motion of the bolt or thereabout. By the
horizontal limb of this bellcrank coming into contact with the fixed projection at the
back of the lock the main stump on the other limb of the bellerank is withdrawn from
contact with the edges of the gated discs, the pressure applied to the bolt being trans-
ferred to the solid case of the lock rendering it impossible to pick the lock by
tentatively feeling for the gating. We sometimes place part of the gated levers or
discs on one side of the bolt and part on the other side, and the stump is similarly
arranged, thus making the main stump much more capable of resisting pressure than
when simply rivetted by one end to the bolt or bell-crank as has been usual. One limb
of the bellcrank and part of the main stump we recess into the inner edge of the bolt
head for additional strength. In keyless locks the discs may he carried by concentric
tubes, and through the inner tube a solid spindle may be passed to give motion to the
bolt when all the discs are placed in the unlocked position or one hollow spindle may
be used to operate all the discs and through the hollow spindle a solid spindle may
pass to operate the bolt.
Sometimes in place of the ordinary stump we mount on the bolt moveable parts.
equal in number and thickness to the slides operated upon by the key. Each of these
parts has a projection equal in width to the gating of the slides. When the lock is in
use the moveable parts on the bolt are held rigidly together by a screw, or other
suitable means. When it is desired to alter the relative position of the slides at which
the lock will open the screw is loosened allowing the parts carried by the bolt a free
movement with the slides operated upon by the key whilst the parts carried by the
boli are engaged with the gatings of the slides. The key which it is desired shall
open the lock is now inserted and the slides raised to their then highest position.
The parts on the bolt when thus set are screwed tightly together, and afterwards, until
another like change is made, the lock can only be operated by the key in the lock at
the time of screwing the limbs of the bolt together.
We make locks of great strength, and small keys, difficult to pick, and relatively
thin. In these locks the seldom used locking parts are completely isolated from the
strong and constantly used latching parts. The lock consists of a case carrying a frame
bolt with ribs connecting the bolt head with the rear end of the bolt which is operated
upon by the follower and the spring. small separate lock is provided within the
frame bolt; and the bolt of the small lock shoots into the top or bottom rim of the
spring bolt.
:
The bolt of the small lock should be at least equal in width to the traverse of the
main bolt and so arranged that the main bolt can only move when the small bolt is in
the unlocked position the bolt of the small lock acting as a block between the main
bolt and a fixed part of the lock case when in the locked position thus ensuring that
any pressure applied to the main bolt can only subject the small bolt to a compressing
strain by which no injury can arise to the holding parts of the small lock. We prefer
to place the levers of the small lock part on one side and part on the other side of
the bolt thereby increasing the strength of the main stump and the difficulty of
picking.
In order that our said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect we will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto aunexed,

page_text: invention.
Figure 2 is also a front elevation but shows the parts in a different position.
Figure 3 is a plan partly in section and in the locked position.
Figuro 4 shows a portion of the lock plate in plan.
Figure 5 is an horizontal section of the case with the mechanism for the most part
removed.
Figure 6 is an end view of one of the parts.
5
Figure 7 is a front elevation of parts of a lock similar for the most part to Figure 110
but with some differences hereinafter explained.
Figure 8 is a section of this lock on the line A B in Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section on the lino C D.
Figure 10 is an elevation with part of the case removed of a lock with a stump
composed of numerous pieces or as we call it a divided stump; it is so arranged that 15
it may be adjusted from time to time to take different keys.
Figure 11-is-a-similar-view of the same lock but with the bolt shot back or
withdrawn.
Figure 12 is a section on the line A B in Figure 10, and
Figure 13 is a section on the line C D in Figure 10.
20
Figure 14 is a front elevation with part of the case removed of a combination lock
constructed according to our invention.
Figuro 15 is a horizontal section of the same.
Figure 16 is a front elevation showing the working parts of a mortice latch lock so
-arranged that the lock which secures the latch bolt may be of small dimensions and 25
contained within the latch bolt.
Figure 17 is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 18 is a section on the line A B in Figure 16, and
Figure 19 is a section on the line C D in Figure 16.
In Figures 1 to 6 a is the lock plate and other parts of the lock case, b is the holt; 30)
it is slotted at 1213 and 64.
1
C
The slot serves for the passage of the pin a' on which the levers are mounted;
the slot receives the key; the slot 6 gives passage to the axis e carried by the lock
case; and the slot allows the stump d to pass through, e, e, e, are the levers, they
are operated by the key f* in the usual manner; in place howover of being all placed 35
on one side the bolt as heretofore the levers are divided into two sets and there is a
set of lovers on the front side and another set on the back of the bolt. With this
arrangement it will be observed that the part of the bolt on which the key operates is
centrally placed in relation to the head, hence the key operates more directly upon the
bolt and the arrangement is generally more advantageous. The levers e are provided 40
with the usual springs and with gear teeth at e¹ and the lovers are not notched or gated
to receive the stump as at present but they give motion to other parts ff and in these
the notches which the stump enters are provided. The parts in this lock aro
formed as discs and this is most convenient but it is not essential for parts of other
forms may be used provided that suitable arrangements are made for causing them to 45
engage with the levers when the lock is in use and for disengaging them without dis-
mantling the lock when the adjustment of the lock to another key is made. The
dises are mounted to rotato freely on the axis c. The stump d is mounted upon a
safety lever g of novel form, operating more directly than heretofore and of great
strength. The fore part g¹ of the safety lever is recessed into the head of the bolt b 50
and immediately over the stump dit is pin jointed to the bolt at g². The hinder end
of the safety lever is in proximity to the stop a fixed into the lock case. The action
of the safety lever is as usual that is to say when pressure is applied to drive the bolt
back, if the stump cannot enter the gatings the lever tips and its hinder end becomes
supported by tho stop a² which then receives all the pressure which may be applied 5

page_text: and the stump cannot be made to bear heavily on the parts in which the gatings f
are formed. In consequence also of the improved form and arrangement of the
safety lever and the position of its joint pin g2 the lever tips without moving perceptibly
along the edges of the gated parts which is an advantage, the way in which it is
recessed into the head of the bolt renders it impossible to displace it by pressure.
The operation of the lock is easily understood; when the parts are in the position
shown by Figure 1 if the levers e be moved by the key the discs are rotated thus
the gatings can be brought to range to receive the stump and the bolt can be shot
back in the usual way. The door to which the lock is attached can then be opened.
If now it be desired to adjust the lock to another key, the eccentric axis c is turned,
its end is for this purpose allowed to project through the lock plate on the inner side
of the door. The parts are thus brought to the position in which they are seen in
Figure 2 with the parts e and fout of gear. The original key can now be withdrawn
from the lock and another suitable key inserted. The new key is then turned in order
to arrange the levers and then by again turning the axis e the levers e and the discs/
are again made to engage. The door may now be shui and locked with the new key
and no other will then serve to open it until in like manner a readjustinent has been
made. In order that the movement of the eccentric axis when turned may be such
that where passes through the slot 63 in the bolt the centre may move only in the
direction of the length of the slot; the holes in the lock case which receive the ends
of the axis are formed as is shown in Figure that is to say for half the thickness of
the plate or thereabout it is recessed as seen at a³ to receive and to guide the axis
where it is of the full diameter whilst for the remainder of the thickness the hole at a'
is of a size only to admit the necks of reduced diameter at the ends of the axis but to
allow those freedom to move in a vertical direction.
In Figures 7, 8, and 9 the discs are mounted in a different manner; their axis is
suspended within the lock case by links from a fixed pin a' and the lower ends of
the links are held by a pin i fixed into the bolt of a small auxiliary lock k within
the case of the main lock and having its key hole at the back of the lock. The
adjustment in this case is effected as follows -when the door to which the main
lock is attached is open, the bolt of the auxiliary lock is shot back by means of its
small key; this brings the discs out of gear with the levers e; then the change of
key is made as before and the bolt of the auxiliary lock is shot to bring the gear
teeth again together.
In Figures 10, 11, 12 and 137 is the lock case and m is the bolt sliding thereon;
it is guided in rear by the studs fixed in the lock plate and passing through
longitudinal holes in the bolt. In front the head of the bolt is guided by the opening
in the case through which it passes. nn are slides also guided by the studs they
are operated by the key o towards which they are pressed by the springs n'n'. In
place of the slides levers may be employed as is obvious. p is the divided stump
upon the bolt it consists of a series of plates one corresponding to each of the
slides n and having a projection p³ to enter the corresponding notch or gating n² in
the slide. The parts constituting the divided stump are clamped to the bolt by the
clamping screw which passes through slotted holes in them and screws into the bolt.
To set this lock to another key all that is necessary is, when the lock is open and the
key removed, to slack the screw q which is accessible by a hole in the back of the
lock case; then to insert the new key and turn it into position to arrange the slides;
this having been done the screw is again tightened and then the door can be locked
and unlocked with the new key and no other.
In Figures 14 and 15 r is the lock case and s is the bolt; it is slotted to receive the
guide studs fixed in the lock plate and other parts which pass through the bolt.
is the stump carried by a safety lever tas in Figure 1. uu are dises gated to
receive the stump; they are mounted on an eccentric axis and have gear teeth on
their peripheries all as described in respect to Figure 1. The discs u u however in
place of gearing with levers operated by a key as in Figure 1 gear with other discs ve
which we call the dial discs they are mounted so as to be free to turn about a hollow

page_text: axis w passing through the case and terminating on the outside in the knob or
handle is a disc fixed on the same axis within the lock. a is a dial on the
outside of the lock; figures or letters are marked upon it. y is an axis passing
through the hollow axis and it can be turned by means of an external handle y';
when so turned it shoots the bolt out and in; this it may do by means of a follower
and any ordinary mechanism. The follower may be attached to the axis y in such a
manner that it will yield if force be applied when the discs u are not correctly set to
receive the stump t.
The dial discs and the disc to² on the axis are arranged in the usual manner;
there is a pin on the face of the disc to and this is received into an annular groovo
in the adjacent disc vand there is a tooth or stop in this groove at one point.
Similarly on its other side the first disc r carries a pin which enters an annular
groove in the next disc with a tooth or stop at one point in its circumference and so
the discs are geared together throughout the series. There are also the usual
auxiliary parts.
12.
When it is desired to set the lock to a new combination of letters or figures the
discs u and v are separated out of gear in the manner already described. The setting
is then effected in the manner well understood in respect to combination locks that is
to say the hollow-axis is turned round several times until it has picked up all the
dises and carries them round with it; then an index line on the head to is brought to
point on the dial to the first figure or letter of the combination selected; then the
axis wis turned the reverse way and it is thereby made to drop the first disc.
Similarly the index line is brought to the second figure or letter of the combination
and the second disc having been set to its proper place, is dropped and so on.
Finally when all the dial discs have been placed the gated discs u are thrown into
gear with them.
The door can then be shut, the bolt shot and the dial discs disarranged by turning
the knob w¹. This having been done the door cannot be opened until the dial discs
have been rearranged by a person acquainted with the combination to which they
were set at the time when the door was closed.
In Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19, E is the lock case F is the latch bolt in the form of a
frame with an opening in the centre into which the small lock is received. His
the spindle and I the follower on the spindle for operating the latch bolt. K is the
lover and M the spring which acts against the rear of the bolt to press it forward.
N is a lump fast on the lock case and F¹ a shoulder on the latch bolt. ' is the bolt
of the small lock it shoots between the shoulder " and the lump N and so fastens the
latch bolt.
The endeavour to draw back the lateh bolt throws no strain on the sinall lock the
holt of which simply forms a filling piece between the shoulder F and the lump N.
E' E' are other guide lumps upon the lock case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
:-
1. A lock substantially as described, with levers or slides which are not gated to
receive the stump but which engage with parts which are so gated; and in which
also provision is made for separating the levers or slides from the said other parts by
the movement of a spindle or instrument passing through the lock case; the wholo so
arranged that when the lock is open it may be set to take another key in the place of
that to which it was previously adjusted.
2. A lock substantially as described with levers or slides which are not gated to
receive the stump but are geared with discs which are so gated; such discs being
mounted on an axis which is moveable to and from the levers or slides; the whole so
arranged that when the lock is open it may be set to take another key in the place of
that to which it was previously adjusted.
3. A lock having its levers or slides arranged substantially as described in two sets,
one set on either side of the bolt as herein set forth.

page_text: 4. The improved safety lever substantially as described consisting of a right
angle lever carrying the stump, jointed to the lever and recessed into its head as
herein set forth.
5. A lock substantially as described with levers or slides gated to receive a stump;
such stump being made in parts clamped together by a screw or otherwise so that they
may be readily released; the whole so arranged that when the lock is open it
may be adjusted to another key by unclamping and reclamping the parts.
6. A combination lock substantially as described with dial discs mounted concen-
trically on one axis and with discs gated to receive the stump mounted concentrically
on another axis; one of the said axes being moveable to and from the other so that
the dial discs and gated discs may be brought together into gear for working the
lock or separated by the movement of the axis to admit of a new combination
being made.
7. A combination lock substantially as described in which the dial discs are carried
upon a hollow axis or axes and in which the bolt receives movement from an inner
concentric axis as hercin set forth.
8. A combination lock substantially as described in which the dial discs rotate
other discs gated to receive a stump carried upon a safety lover and operating as
herein set forth.
9. A mortice lock substantially as described having a latch bolt and a lock by
which the latch bolt may be secured; such lock shooting its bolt between a shoulder
on the latch bolt and a lump or abutment on the lock case.
10. A mortice lock substantially as described having a latch bolt and a lock by
which the latch bolt may be secured; such lock being contained within the latch bolt
or between its head and the part thereof which is acted upon by the follower.
11. Our improved locks substantially as described and indicated by the annexed
drawings.
.
1005