Improvements in the Construction of Wheels for Carriages and Road Vehicles generally.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 26th Sept., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Wheels for Carriages and Road
Vehicles generally.
I, PERCY ALBERT ISAACS of 2 Adelaide Terrace, Teddington, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the construction of wheels for carriages
and road vehicles generally, and is based upon the Specification filed by me in
application for a Patent No. 14267 and dated September 10th A.D. 1890 and
consists of certain modifications thereof and in:provements thereon.
Upon
My invention consists of a method and means of constructing wheels essentially
for the purpose of minimising the noise and providing greater elasticity than
obtains with such wheels as hitherto made and used, and in carrying the same into
effect provide a nave made of any suitable material or substance and of any
desired shape externally to suit the modifications adopted by me, and internally, so
that it may be boxed in the usual way or to fit directly upon the axle arm.
the outer surface of said nave I form a central aunular groove or recess and place
therein a ring, or rings made of india rubber or other resilient material and
occupying the width and depth thereof, upon which I place a metallic collar or ring
having radial holes or apertures formed therein and therethrough corresponding to
the number of spokes to be used, and into which the heels of the spokes are placed
so-that their shoulders rest upon the outer surface of said collar, and their heels
upon the before mention resilient ring or rings. Upon said nave and at each side
of said collar I place a flat ring made of india rubber or other resilient substance
or material and preferable of the same width as the depth of said collar, against
which they abut. I provide two metallic clamps with or without broad flanges, or
one with and one without as the modification may require, and place them upon
said nave one on each end, so that when in position they abut against the last
mentioned clastic rings or washers. One of said clamps may be of such a size
internally as to be seated within an annular recess formed in the nave into which it
is placed before the previously mentioned metallic collar and resilient rings are
placed in positiou, this clamp I prefer to construct without a flange but where
necessary a flanged clamp may be used. The other clamp at the opposite side of
the collar is formed with a flange thereon within which I provide a right handed
screw thread and is screwed either upon a thread formed on the nave or upon a
metallic ring having an external screw thread and previously shrunk or otherwise
fixed upon the nave. The outer face of the flange of the last mentioned clamp is
shaped to receive a spanner to facilitate the fixing and removal thercof, the
screwing home of which holds the before mentioned collar and rings in position
between the two clamps and prevents lateral motion occuring thereto, I may where
necessary interpose between the screwed clamp and the resilient flat ring at that
side of the collar, a flat metallic washer to prevent rupture of said ring when
screwing home the clamp. Or I may use in place of the last mentioned clamp, a
clamp without a flange thereon, and without an internal screw thread, and arrange
the internal periphery of such a size as to slide freely over the screw thread upon
the nave or its equivalent ring, and provide a nut to screw upon the nave or its
equivalent ring and hold the clamp in position thereby. The thread upon the nave
or its equivalent ring may be arranged so as to present a right and left handed
thread in order that a nut having a left handed thread may be screwed thereon and
form a lock nut for the last mentioned clamp or nut as the case may be. Or I may
use in place of the broad clastic ring within the annular groove in the nave, two

page_text: or more narrow rings placed on each side thereof, so as to leave a space between
the heels of the spokes and the nave; or in place of said narrow rings I may use
elastic tubing, with or without being charged with compressed air. Or I may form
the metallic collar in such a manner that one side thereof is detachable and fastened
when in position by means of screws or the like passing therethrough and engaging
with the collar between the heels of the spokes, the object of this being to facilitate
repairs to, or the renewal of the spokes. The felloes and tyres may be fitted and
fixed in the usual way. Or I may form the metallic collar with a flange on each
side thereof, their combined widths coinciding with the width of the groove in the
nave, and I prevent lateral motion by means of two metallic rings one on each side
thercof screwed or otherwise fixed to the collar or nave. Or I may form said collar
without said holes or apertures for the spokes and provide a radial flange or
projection on each side thereof so as to carry metallic rods extending therefrom to
the felloes, or outer rim of the wheel, and so form a spider wheel similar to tliose
used on velocipedes, and provide an elastic or other tyre therefor.
Dated this 21st day of November 1890.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Wheels for Carriages and Road
Vehicles generally.
I, PEROY ALBERT ISAACS, of 2 Adelaide Villas, Teddington, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
My present invention relates to improvements in the construction of wheels for
carriages, and road vehicles generally, and is based upon my Specification in
application for a Patent dated September 10th A.D. 1890 No. 14267, and consists
of certain modifications thereof, and improvements thereon, as follows :
In my Patent 14267 of A.D. 1890 I describe a method of construction in which
I employ specially constructed spokes, the heels of which are seated upon a resilient
ring embedded in the nave of the wheel. In my present invention I am enabled to
use the ordinary spokes as used upon road vehicles generally, and I attain this by
the employment of a circular ring, or collar, provided with radial recesses, into
which the heels of the spokes are seated, and I also provide a series of means for
securing the elasticity of the wheel other than by the use of the resilient ring seated
within an annular recess in the nave of the wheel before mentioned. I achieve this
by using, in certain cases, hollow rings in place of said solid ring, which may, or
may not, be charged with compressed air, surrounding and seated upon which is the
collar before referred to. Or I may according to my present invention entirely
dispense with the resilient agent embedded within the nave, and provide for the
clasticity of the wheel by arranging the said collar, and the clamps employed in
such a manner as to place therebetween a flat resilient ring, or circular rings,
which may be of solid material, or hollow, with or without being charged with
compressed air, engaging within a recess formed in the side of the collar and the
adjacent clamp.
I have also made certain modifications and improvements in the construction
and arrangement of the clamps employed, whereby 1 am enabled to materially
add to the strength and symmetry of the wheel while reducing the cost of
manufacture.
I have previously mentioned that my invention is essentially for the purpose of
minimising the noise, and providing greater clasticity than obtains with such wheels
as hitherto made and used, and the manner of carrying the same into effect is fully

page_text: drawings, in which
Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6, are details of construction to be hereinafter fully
explained.
Fig. 7 is a larger half sectional view of the nave of a wheel, constructed
according to my present invention.
Similar letters of reference are used to indicate the same, or like parts throughout
the several views.
In carrying out my invention 1 provide a nave A made of wood, or any other
suitable substance or material, shaped externally to suit the modifications adopted
by me, and internally so that it may be boxed in the usual way, or to fit directly
upon the axle arm. Upon the outer surface of said nave I form a central annular
groove, or recess, in which I place a solid india rubber, or other resilient ring B,
as shewn in Fig. 1, occupying the width and depth thereof. Or I may in lieu of
said ring B Fig. 1, employ a series of rings, side by side, either of solid india rubber,
or other like material, or hollow, and provided internally with a spiral metallic
spring, or charged with compressed air. Or I may employ a length of solid, or hollow
tube provided internally the same as said rings, wound around, and filling the said
annular groove in A. In Fig. 2 I shew the application of hollow rings B, within
said groove in A, but whatever form of ring, or rings B, I may employ, I place
thereon and fully surrounding same, a metallic collar, or ring C, with radial holes,
or apertures D, formed therein, and therethrough, corresponding to the number of
spokes to be used, and into which the heels of the spokes E are placed, so that their
shoulders rest upon the outer surface of C or C may be constructed to receive what
is known as the Warner spoke" and their heels upon B. When employing this
method of constructing said wheel according to my present invention, I place upon
said nave at each side of C, a flat ring, or washer F, of india rubber, or other like
resilient substance, or material Figs. 1, and 2, which fit close up to, and against C.
Upon the front of A, I fix by any suitable means a flanged clamp G, abutting
against F and provided with a narrow flange F' to prevent displacement of F, by
centrifugal force as in Fig. 2. Or I may in certain cases to prevent rupture of F,
interpose between F, and G, a metallic washer H, as in Fig. 1. Upon the other
end of A, I place a second clamp I, the flange of which, when a flange is provided
thereon, is preferably of less width than that upon G. The clamp I, may have an
internal thread, so that it may engage with a like thread formed upon A, or a
metallic ring J, having an external thread formed thereon, may be shrunk or
otherwise fixed upon A, and I, be screwed thereon, and I may be formed externally
to receive a spanner, or the like to facilitate the fixing and removing thereof. The
clamp I when screwed home abuts against the back resilient washer F, or against
a metallic washer H', similar to H, and for a like purpose, and holds C, F, and E
firmly between the clamps, and prevents lateral motion occurring thereto. The
clamp I when home may be there retained by screws, or pins passing through the
flange and the ring J, into A, or by any other suitable means. Or I may use in
place of I Fig. 1, a clamp without a flange thereon, and without an internal screw
thread, and arrange the internal periphery thereof of such a size as to slide freely
over the screw thread upon A, or its equivalent J, as at Fig. 2, and hold I in
position by means of nuts a a¹ engaging with a right and left handed thread formed
upon J, and so lock each other in the usual way.
Or I may in lieu of the annular groove in A, before mentioned, form the clamp G,
in such a manner as to extend sufficiently upon A, to provide the said recess, and
an equivalent for the threaded ring J, as at Fig. 3, and shewn more graphically by
the enlarged view Fig. 7.
I have previously mentioned in my Provisional Specification of my present
invention, that I may dispense with the ring, or rings B, within the groove in the
nave, upon which the ring, or collar C, is seated, the purposes of which being that
clasticity without vibration might be attained, by the resilient properties of B,
accommodating itself by compression and expansion, to the vertical inovement of

page_text: .
the collar C, in its rotation, occasioned by the stress imposed thereon by the weight
of the vehicle and its contents. In dispensing with the ring, or rings B, I provide
an equivalent "by arranging suitable annular recesses in the outer faces of the
collar C, and the inner faces of G, and I, and forming the washer F to occupy the
space thus formed, so that the weight, or strain imposed upon C, might be borne
absolutely by F. This system is shewn by Fig. 3 and adopted in the larger illus-
tration Fig. 7 which is a view half external and half section of an entire nave
constructed according to my present invention, and embodying the last mentioned
system, by which a space K, is left between the heels of the spokes, and the interior
of C, and the nave A. Or I may place within the space thus formed between C
and G, and between C and I just mentioned, in place of the ring or washer F, solid,
or hollow rings, or tubing of the kind shewn and described at B, Fig. 2. This
system is illustrated by the view Fig. 4, in which said rings, or tubing is indicated
by the letter F, appropo of their liking, in purpose, to the ring, or washer F in
Figs. 3 and 7.
In Fig. 5, I have shewn upon the left side the action of the rings, or tube F, in
Fig. 4 and upon the right side the action of the washer, or ring F in Figs. 3, and 7,
when sustaining the load imposed upon C previously mentioned, and I find in
practice that about one third, or approximately so, of the entire, circumferential
measurement of F, is in operation sustaining the load, at one time, and continually
changing its position as C is operated vertically during the rotation of the wheel,
and I further find in practice that, in the system shown by Fig. 4, the rings F, arc
continually changing their rubbing surfaces relatively to each other, and the ring C,
and the clamps, and partake of a circular motion in cross section, so that the whole
of their surfaces receive corresponding, or equal wear.
In Fig. 6 I have shewn an alternative method of constructing the collar C, with
one side C¹ detachable from the body, or spoke bearing portion thereof. The object
of this arrangement being to further facilitate repairs to, and the renewal of the
spokes, the removable plate C, being arranged next to I, for this purpose. The
plate C is fastened to the body C, by means of screws, or the like passing through
holes C, in C, engaging with holes C, in C, between the spokes E.
Or I may form the collar C with a flange on each side of the inner or outer
periphery thereof, their combined widths coinciding with the width of the groove K,
in A, and to the nave A, 1 attach metallic rings, one on each side of C, the object
of this arrangement being, where needed, to guard against wear, and tear, arising
from centrifugal force.
Or I may arrange said collar C, without the spoke apertures D, and provide a
radial flange upon each side of the outer periphery thereof, so as to carry metallic
rods extending, or radiating therefrom to the felloes or outer rim of the
wheel, and so form a spider wheel, similar to those used upon velocipedes, in which
case an clastic tyre may be employed therefor.
In constructing wheels according to my invention for carriages and similar road
vehicles, the felloes and tyres would be fixed in position in the usual way, and the
nave capped in the manner of such wheels generally.
A wheel constructed in the manner herein described and shewn, possesses the
advantage of being repaired to a great extent, without removal from the vehicle to
which it is attached, and in many cases without removing the load contained therein,
and at the same time provides greater elasticity, less vibration, and considerably
·less noise when at work upon the road, than obtains with wheels for a like purpose
as hitherto made and used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. The improved wheel for carriages and road vehicles, consisting of the several
narts herein described and shown constructed combined and ovarating substantially

page_text: 2nd. In an improved wheel for carriages and the like, the employment of a
resilient substance in the form of washers, rings, or tubes, either solid or containing
compressed air or other internal resisting agent, for the purpose of sustaining,
holding and maintaining the weight of the vehicle and its contents under varying
and alternating conditions and for preventing vibration, and minimising sound
substantially as herein described and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In an improved wheel for carriages and road vehicles generally, the con-
struction and use of a nave A, with external annular groove, containing and holding
a ring, or rings B, forming an elastic seating for a collar C, having recesses, or
apertures D, carrying the spokes E, held, or retained against lateral displacement,
or motion by washers F and H, and clamps G and I having flanges F¹ the latter
screwed or otherwise attached to A, or by a collar J, shrunk or otherwise fixed
upon A, or screwed upon a thread formed upon the back of G, when G is extended
upon A for that purpose substantially as described and shewn by the accompanying
drawings.
4th. In an improved wheel for carriages and the like, the construction and use
of a collar C, and clamps G, and I, having annular recesses formed in the sides
thereof, collectively forming an annular chamber carrying and holding washers,
rings, or tubes F, described in the second claim hereof, combined and operating
substantially as herein set forth, and shewn by Figs. 3. 4. 5 and 7, of the appended
drawings.
5th. The collar C, with recesses D, for carrying the spokes E, substantially as
shewn by Fig. 6 of the appended drawings.
6th. The employment of a collar C, having radial flanges in lieu of the recesses,
or apertures D, carrying radial rods for forming a spider wheel substantially as
herein described.
Dated this 13th day of August 1891.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.