IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE JACQUARD MACHINE
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of May, in the twelfth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Newton, my exors, admors, and assigns, and snch
others as I, the said William Newton, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands
of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE JACQUARD MACHINE," being a communication from a Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said William Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same
to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say)
This Invention of "Improvements in the Jacquard Machine", as communi-
cated to me by my foreign correspondent, possesses the following advantages
over the apparatus usually employed in ornamental weaving, viz' :-
First, the experience of a weaver is not requisite for the production of the
required design in the woven fabric when this improved arrangement of
mechanism is employed, as it is only necessary to draw or print the required
design upon a cloth from which it may be produced direct upon the woven
fabric without the necessity of employing either the cards or the apparatus
called the "reader" by which means a great economy in the working of the
loom is effected.
Secondly, any new pattern may be prepared and worked at a very trifling
expence as will be hereafter described.
PREPARATORY OPERATION.
A cloth or fabric is employed of sufficiently light texture to allow of
a set of horizontal needles passing readily through it, and of a breadth
proportioned to the number of needles used in weaving; its length must
vary according to the extent of the pattern. The ends of this cloth must
be united so as to form an endless band. Upon this endless cloth the design
to be woven is drawn or printed with a gum color or composition of sufficient
body to resist the. pressure of the needles, or the design may be painted or
printed upon a separate fabric, from which it may be cut out and fastened
on to the endless cloth with gum, or in any other suitable manner, care being
taken to coat the fabric upon which the design is produced with gum or
other substance which will enable it to resist the action of the needles as above
mentioned.
"
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1, Sheet I., represents the improved
mechanism in side elevation. Fig. 2 is a front view of the same. Fig. 3,
Sheet II., is a side view of the same in such a position as to shew the working
of the needles; and Fig. 4 is a back elevation, part of the mechanism being
removed to shew. the construction of the remaining parts more perfectly.

page_text: Fig. 5 is a detached view shewing the working of the needles. In all these.
Figures (which are drawn to a scale of half the real size) the same letters
indicate similar parts. A, A, are cords suspended from the top of the framing 1,
and carrying at their lower ends hooked wires f, which actuate the lingoes
of the loom. These cords A will of course vary in number according to the
number of warp threads employed. B is a row of steel needles pointed at
one end and having holes or eyes formed through them (as shewn in the
diagram view, Fig. 5), in order that the cords A may pass through them. Their
other ends work in spring boxes as usual. C is a metal guide plate extending
across the machine, and pierced with a horizontal row of holes (corresponding
to the needles) which form guides for the points of the needles to work
through. In the cords A a row of knots is formed, some of which at every
change in the pattern are selected and made to rest upon a reed D. E is a
wooden frame which works up and down between the standards of the
framing 1. F, F, are friction bowls mounted on studs at either end of the
moveable frame E. These studs project through a slotted arm X, which is
jointed to the short arm of a crank lover H, supported by a stud in a bracket.
attached to the main framing. To the other arm of this lever two catch
levers I, I, are jointed. J are bent rocking levers jointed to the main
framing 1, one on each side thereof, and actuated by the downward pressure
of the friction bowls F, F. K are connecting rods jointed at one end to the
lower end of the levers J, and at the other to a rocking frame G, the move-
ment of which frame is limited by a catch lever c jointed to the frame 1, and
resting upon a pin in the frame G. L is a wooden roller mounted on the
frame G, and intended to receive the pattern cloth g, and drive it by
friction of contact. M is a cog wheel fixed on the axis of the roller L. N
is a similar wheel, to the arbor of which a pinion N*, in gear with the wheel
M, is keyed. O is a "cylinder" furnished with four rounds or pins, and
carrying on its shaft a pinion in gear with the wheel N, whereby through the
action of the pinion M* and wheel M, the endless pattern cloth will be
advanced a distance of about one twenty-fifth of an inch at every quarter of
a revolution of the cylinder, as will presently be more minutely explained.
P are the pivots upon which the frame G rocks. Q are binding cords for
keeping the pattern cloth in its place on the rollers (see Fig. 2). R are arms
or supports fixed to the frame G, and having at their outer ends a slotted
bearing to receive the ends of the axle of the pattern cloth tension roller S.
T are cords attached at one end to the sliding frame E, and at their other
end to their respective pulleys W, W, which are mounted on an axle V,
having its bearings in brackets i, i, at the top of the main framing. U is a

page_text: pulley mounted on the same shaft, and round it a rope h passes to a treadle
which is acted upon by the foot of the weaver, and is thereby made to com-
municate motion to the several moving parts of the apparatus. On his raising
his foot from this treadle the sliding frame E will descend together with the
pulleys F (attached thereto), which latter by pressing down the upper end of
the levers J will cause their other end to rise, and through the connecting
rod K advance the frame G into the position shown at Fig. 1, when it will
press the pattern cloth against the needles. By this means those needles
which come in contact with the design will be driven back and made to carry
the cords which are in connection with them into the divisions of the reed D,
while those needles which do not come in contact with the pattern will pass
through the cloth and leave their respective cords unmoved. When therefore
the reed D rises, it will by reason of the knots in the cords carry up
the cords of those needles which have been thrust back, and thereby
open a shed of warp. The rotation of the roller L, which carries round the
pattern cloth, is effected in the following manner :-The workman depresses
the treadle in connection with the cord h, and thereby through the. pulley U
and shaft V causes the pulleys W, W, to wind up the cords T, which, being
attached to the frame E, will through the arm X rock the lever H, and cause
it to draw forward the catch lever I, which, taking hold of a round of the
cylinder O, will pull it round one quarter of a revolution when it is furnished
with four rounds, as shewn in the Drawings. The pinion on the axle of this
cylinder will then, through the train of gearing before mentioned, cause the
roller L to make a portion of a revolution, and bring up a fresh portion of the
pattern cloth into a line with the needles B. The catch lever I, having thus
acted upon one round of the cylinder O, will, on the frame E being caused to
descend, be thereby made to advance and take hold of the next round. When
it is required to turn the cylinder O in the opposite direction, the cord a,
which is attached to the lever I is weighted; and thus the cord b, which
connects the levers I and 1* together at their outer ends, is tightened, and
made to bring up the lower lever I into contact with the rounds of the
cylinder O, whereby at the next movement of the crank lever H, its catch or
hook will be caused to lay hold of one of the rounds of the cylinder O, and
pull it round in the opposite direction. Y is a tension roller, for keeping the
cloth at a proper degree of tension, and Z are springs for keeping the cylinder
in its place. Two rows of needles might be employed instead of onc, by
producing the design upon wire cloth; by this means a portion of the
mechanism (viz. the harness) might be dispensed with; a single thread might
be worked upon, and much more complicated patterns produced. The above

page_text: $6
mechanism might be further simplified, and its work 'much improved, by
substituting for the ordinary harness an apparatus which will be presently
described. This apparatus, which is adapted to the under part of the loom, is
represented in Sheet III. of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 6 being a front
view, and Fig. 7 a side view thereof. A, A, is a frame sliding in the
standards B, B. Upon brackets extending from these standards are mounted
the levers C, varying in number according to the width of the fabric (eight
only are shewn in the Drawing). D and E are cross pieces uniting the
standards. They are pierced with holes for the purpose of forming guides for
the rods hereafter mentioned to work in. F is an octagonal 'cylinder"
mounted on a shaft G, and having a row of holes on each of its faces
corresponding in number to the levers C. H, I, are wooden stop pieces for
closing the holes, according to the number of headles required to be raised.
The upper face of the cylinder is pressed upon by springs I, for the purpose of
keeping the cylinder from turning except when it is pulled round by a catch
lever. J is a piece or block of wood upon which the cylinder F falls. K are
the rounds of the cylinder. L is a catch lever hanging inside the framing,
and is intended to catch hold of the rounds K of the cylinder F, and thereby
effect its rotation. M are rods for raising the levers C, and M* are springs for
keeping the said rods in their places. N is a cross piece to which the working
cord P of the treadle is attached. O is the axis on which the levers C work.
are cords by means of which the levers C work the headles of the loom.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows:-The treadle being depressed
by the foot of the weaver, the sliding pieces A, in which the cylinder F
is mounted, will be raised a distance of about four inches by means of the
treadle cord P; the rod M, which is opposite to the stopper H, will thus also
be raised (the holes which are open allowing the other rods to enter them and
remain stationary). By this means the lever C, which is in connection with
that rod N which is raised, will be acted upon, and through the agency of its
cord Q actuate the headle in connection therewith. On the weaver taking
his foot from the treadle, the various parts will resume their former positions,
and the cylinder F descending below the reach of the rods M, one of its
rounds K will be caught by the hook of the lever L, and caused to make one
eighth of a revolution; another face of the cylinder F will thus be presented
to the rods M, the holes of which are differently stopped, according to the
pattern desired to be produced. The cylinder is then again raised by the
weaver, and a similar rise of one or more rods M with a consequent depression
of one or more corresponding levers C is effected to produce the required
movements of the headles.

page_text: Having now described this Invention, as communicated to me from abroad,
I wish it to be understood that I do not intend to confine myself strictly to
the details as above described and shewn in the Drawings, but that which I
desire to secure under the above in part recited Letters Patent is,
Firstly, dispensing with the ordinary Jacquard cards, and also the apparatus
called the "reader," by the employment of an endless cloth, upon which the
design to be woven is painted or produced in gum, color, or other suitable
substance capable of resisting the action of the needles.
Secondly, the substitution of the cords A for the ordinary wires in Jacquard
machinery.
Thirdly, the arrangement of the needles in one or two rows, so that they
may be presented to and acted upon by the design, as above described.
Fourthly, the employment of the arrangement of mechanism shewn in
Sheet III., or any mere modification thereof, in place of the harness ordinarily
employed for working the headles of the loom.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Newton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.