Improvements in the Manufacture of China or Earthenware Mugs, Jugs, and other Vessels.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 9th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 15th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of China or Earthenware Mugs,
Jugs, and other Vessels.
I, CHRISTOPHER THOMPSON MALING, of Ford Pottery, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of china or earthenware mugs, jugs and
other vessels of standard sizes, and especially to such as are intended to be stamped
with the Government stamp and to be used by licensed victuallers; and has for its
object to provide for regulating the cubical contents of such vessels and correcting the
inequalities thereof.
A vessel manufactured according to my invention is first baked and glazed in the
ordinary manner but made of a slightly larger capacity than that ultimately required.
To the interior of the vessel thus prepared is applied a sufficient quantity of filling
material to reduce the cubical contents the required extent.
This "
"
filling is preferably a glazing or an enamelling composition which will
vitrify or fuse at about the same or at a slightly lower temperature than the glaze
upon the vessel, so that the vessel can be re-fired to fuse or vitrify the filling without
injuring the ordinary glaze.
In some cases I apply my "filling" to the vessel when in the biscuit, state.
I have obtained good results in practice by employing a "filling" consisting of a
mixture of one part of glaze and one part of Cornish stone in a liquid or slop state.
Dated the 9th day of Tuna 1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of China or Earthenware Mugs,
Jugs, and other Vessels.
I, CHRISTOPHER THOMPSON MALING, of Ford Pottery, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of china or earthenware mugs, jugs and
other vessels of standard sizes, and especially to such as are intended to be stamped
with the Government or official stamp and to be used by licensed victuallers.
Hitherto in the manufacture of such vessels it has been found practically impossible,
owing to the unequal shrinkage of the material in firing, to ensure accuracy in so far
as regards the cubical capacity of the vessels.
Now the object of my invention is to provide simple means for correcting the said
inequalities and for regulating the cubical capacity of such vessels.
In carrying out my invention a vessel is first fired and glazed in the ordinary
manner but made of a slightly larger capacity than that ultimately required. To the
interior of the vessel thus prepared is applied a sufficient quantity of "filling
material which, when fired, will reduce the cubical capacity to the required extent.
This "filling" is preferably a composition which will become vitrified at about the
same or at a slightly lower temperature than that to which the vessel has already been
subjected so that the vessel can be re-fired to fuse or vitrify the filling without injuring
the ordinary glaze and without further contraction of the vessel.
A convenient method of testing the cubical capacity of the vessels is by first

page_text: weighing them when empty and then again weighing them full of water, for
example in testing a vessel intended to hold one pint, if I find that after being
filled with water it weighs 20½ ozs. more than when empty, I know that the
cubical capacity has to be reduced by the cubical capacity of an ounce of water
and by experiments I have found that by inserting 1 fluid ounces of the filling
mixture in the liquid or slop state and of such a density that one pint weighs
32 ounces that this 14 ounces when fired has the cubical capacity of an ounce
of water.
In some cases I apply my "filling" to the vessel when in the biscuit state.
I have obtained good results in practice by employing a "filling" consisting of a
mixture of soft glaze with a small proportion of Cornish stone.
"
"
In determining upon the relative hardness or softness of the "filling" to be
used, regard has to be had to the hardness or softness of the glaze on the vessel
before the "filling" is inserted. Thus, pink or matt blue would require a softer
filling when the colours known to the trade by the name of hard "colours"
or white or ivory; and the potter acquainted with his work will understand how
to regulate and adapt the "filling" mixtures required having regard to the glaze
already on the vessel or to the extent of firing it has already undergone.
I do not claim any particular material or materials or proportions of materials for
the "filling" mixture as it is to be composed of well known ingredients and mixed
and prepared in a manner well understood and as above stated the composition will
have to be varied having regard to the vessels to which it is to be applied and to the
nature of the glaze already on such vessels.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The method herein described of manufacturing earthenware vessels of standard
capacity, by applying to. vessels originally made of slightly larger capacity a sufficient
quantity of filling " (which when fired will reduce the cubical capacity to the required
extent) and then re-firing the same, substantially as described.
2. Earthenware vessels manufactured of standard capacity by the process herein
described.