Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1894

page_text: wheel the chain E passes over a roller X¹ carried by the pivotted frame D and
which leads it into the column L as above described.
The clockwork mechanism that regulates the descent of the upper carbon is
carried by a framing D which is pivotted on points J that coincide with the axis of
the pitch wheel F and main wheel of the clockwork. The framing D is connected
at its one lower corner to one end of a helical spring K the upper end of which is
connected to a regulating screw spindle C connected to a bracket I' of the fixed
framing I, so that the spring K tends to draw the framing D into the angular
position shewn at Fig. 1 in which the brake disc A¹ on the spindle of the escape-
ment A is pressed up against the under surface of the bracket I¹, thus preventing
the motion of the escapement, and consequently also the descent of the carbon. The
necessary frictional contact of the disc A¹ with the bracket I' is obtained by
regulating the tension of the spring K by the screw C screwing into the bracket II.
To the pivotted frame D are attached, by means of a transverse bar B', two soft
iron cores B B that pass down into bobbins S wound with fine wire that is placed
in a shunt circuit of the lamp circuit.
The plate N carries two screw terminals O O by one of which it is connected
directly with the one lead of the main circuit, so that the current passes thence
through the plate N and columns L to the negative carbon in the lower carbon
holder H, while from the other insulated terminal O a flexible conductor leads to
the screwed stem M' of the socket M of the upper or positive carbon which is
insulated from the carbon holder H. The two columns 1 are connected together
at the lower end by a cross piece P.
The socket V of the lower carbon is, carried by a ball and socket joint R on the
carbon holder so as to be set accurately in line with the upper carbon, after which
it is fixed in position by a setting screw S¹ which presses the ball against a hole in
the opposite side of the socket.
The lamp operates as follows: When no current is passing the carbons are
separated, consequently when the main circuit is closed, the current first passes
through the shunt coils of the bobbins G which are thus made to draw inwards the
cores B which thus draw down the pivotted frame D thereby bringing the brake
disc A' out of contact with the fixed framing 11, whereupon the escapement A being free
to be moved by the escapement wheel of the clockwork actuated by the weight of the
upper carbon, the latter will descend until it makes contact with the lower carbon. The
current now passes through the lamp, and the bobbins becoming inoperative the
frame D will be turned into its slanting position again by the pull of the spring,
thus stopping the escapement A and moving the carbons asunder by the backward
turn of the pitch wheel F caused by the turning of the frame D on its pivots and
also by the downward motion of the roller X'. The arc is thus formed and it
continues until by the burning away of the carbons a portion of the current is again
made to pass through the shunt bobbins S, which thus again draw down the cores B
and frame D, thus allowing the carbons to approach each other.
The glass globe W of the lamp together with its framework, is suspended by
cords Y from two barrels T T carried by the plate N, the barrels being loose on
their axes but connected thereto by internal spiral springs having a tension
tending to turn the barrels in the direction of the arrow Fig. V, so as to keep the
globe in the raised position shewn at Figs. I and IV. For gaining access to the lamp
mechanism, the globe is pulled down thereby drawing the cords Y off their barrels
and thus rotating these so as to increase the tension of their springs. The barrels T
and the regulating mechanism are covered by an ornamental cap W' secured to the
plate N.
For arc lamps to be employed in workshops and the like, this cap may be made
of plain black japanned metal, and the globe be provided at top with a metal ring
having handles and arranged to be hooked by hand on to studs on the cap.
Dated this 28th day of February 1893.

page_text: тргоѵещеде ц сдесыто это нащра,
I, EDOUARD CANNEVEL, of 23 Park Road, Regents Park, London, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an improved construction of electric arc lamps which
offers the following principal advantages
1. The construction permits of one and the same type of lamp to be employed
for currents of all degrees of intensity.
2. A perfect working is obtained with a current passing in series through two
lamps, with a fall of potential of 110 volts, with 45 volts at the terminals of each
lamp.
3. The lamp works well whether arranged in series or in parallel, and whether
operating with continous or with alternating currents.
4. A perfect regulation is obtained owing to the action of the brake combined
with the tangent escapement, which fulfils all requirements.
The regulation is effected within the limits of variation of ths ampères in the
laboratory, and ths in regular working.
5. The carbons are always situated apart when the lamp is not operating.
6. The luminous point always occupies one and the same position.
7. The working parts are of simple and strong construction.
8. The cost of manufacture is comparatively small.
9. Large casings and columns containing racks or rods which always impart to
the lamp an unsightly appearance no matter how decorated, are dispensed with,
leaving out of consideration the great cost.
10. The lamp is so simple in use that it can be manipulated by any one.
11. The specially constructed decorative casing for this lamp is of very practical
arrangement for the renewal of the carbons; it is inexpensive and enables the lamp
to be used in all localities.
I will proceed to describe the lamp with reference to the accompanying drawings
and those accompanying my Provisional Specification in which latter
Fig. I shews a vertical section of the lamp;
Fig. II a sectional plan of the upper part,
Fig. III separate details of the-escapement to an enlarged scale;
Fig. IV an elevation of the lamp, decorated and
Fig. V shews the mode of suspension of the moveable part of the casing.
The lamp consists of a cast iron platform N which carries the regulating
mechanism above it and below the parts of the arc lamp proper. L L are two
columns fixed to the underside of the platform N and serving as guides to the two
carbons holders H H' that slide thereon.
The upper carbon holder H tends to descend by its own weight, and actuates the
clockwork mechanism D carrying the tangent escapement A with brake A'.
The upper carbon holder is also made to raise the lower carbon holder H by its
descent by means of a pitch chain E, which is connected at one end to the upper
carbon holder, and at its other end to a rod sliding in one of the columns L,
to which rod the lower carbon holder is attached.
The chain E passes over a pitch wheel F which is loose upon its spindle but is
connected thereto by a catch, so that by releasing the latter the carbon holders can
be moved apart without actuating the regulating mechanism. From the pitch

page_text: wheel the chain E passes over a roller X' carried by the pivotted frame D and
which leads it into the column L as above described.
The clockwork mechanism that regulates the descent of the upper carbon is
carried by a framing D which is pivotted on points J that coincide with the axis of
the pitch wheel F and main wheel of the clockwork. The framing D is connected
at its, one lower corner to one end of a helical spring K the upper end of which is
connected to a regulating screw spindle C connected to a bracket l' of the fixed
framing I, so that the spring K tends to draw the framing D into the angular
position shewn at Fig. 1 in which the brake disc A' on the spindle of the
escapement A is pressed up against the under surface of the bracket I', thus
preventing the motion of the escapement, and consequently also the descent of the
carbon. The necessary frictional contact of the disc A with the bracket l' is
obtained by regulating the tension of the spring K by the screw C screwing into the
bracket I.
To the pivotted frame D are attached, by means of a transverse bar B', two soft
iron cores B B that pass down into bobbins S wound with fine wire that is placed
in a shunt circuit of the lamp circuit.
The plate N carries two screw terminals O O by one of which it is connected
directly with the one lead of the main circuit, so that the current passes thence
through the plate N and columns L to the negative carbon in the lower carbon
holder H, while from the other insulated terminal O a flexible conductor leads to
the screwed stem M' of the socket M of the upper or positive carbon which is
insulated from the carbon holder H. The two columns L are connected together
at the lower end by a cross piece P.
The socket V of the lower carbon is carried by a ball and socket joint R on the
carbon holder so as to be set accurately in line with the upper carbon, after which
it is fixed in position by a setting screw S¹ which presses the ball against a hole in
the opposite side of the socket.
The lamp operates as follows :—
When no current is passing the carbons are separated, consequently when the
main circuit is closed, the current first passes through the shunt coils of the
bobbins G which are thus made to draw inwards the cores B which thus draw down
the pivotted frame D thereby bringing the brake disc A' out of contact with the
fixed framing I', whereupon, the escapement A being free to be moved by the
escapement wheel of the clockwork actuated by the weight of the upper carbon,
the latter will descend until it makes contact with the lower carbon.
The current now passes through the lamp, and the bobbins becoming inoperative
the frame D will be turned into its slanting position again by the pull of the spring,
thus stopping the escapement A and moving the carbons asunder by the backward
turn of the pitch wheel F caused by the turning of the frame D on its pivots and
also by the downward motion of the roller X³. The arc is thus formed and it
continues until by the burning away of the carbons a portion of the current is again
made to pass through the shunt bobbins S, which thus again draw down the cores B
and frame D, thus allowing the carbons to approach each other.
Figs. 1 and 2 shew respectively a sectional elevation to a larger scale and a part
plan of a modified arrangement of the controlling mechanism of the lamp. In this
case the framing D pivotted at J to brackets I and carrying the pitch wheel F and
regulating clockwork and tangent escapement as before, also carries fixed on each
side thereof an electro magnet S wound with fine wire on a shunt circuit of the
lamp, and which take the place of the fixed bobbins in the previous arrangement.
The one end of the core S¹ of each magnet is opposite a soft iron armature S'
fixed to the plate N, so that when the electro magnets are excited by a current
passing through their coils, the cores, being attracted by the fixed armatures, cause
the frame D to turn downwards on its pivots against the action of the spring K and
thus to lower the pitch wheel F and consequently cause the carbon holders to
approach each other.
Opposite the other end of the core S' of the magnets is a second armature S₁

page_text: carried by a frame T' pivotted at T and having at its upper end the brake bar T³
situated above the brake disc A' fixed on the same spindle as the tangent escape-
ment A as in the first described arrangement.
When no current is passing through the electro magnet S a spring K³ connected
at its upper end to the framing D and at its lower end to the armature S³ holds
this and the frame T in the position shewn in which the bar T presses against the
brake disc A' and thus prevents the descent of the upper carbon holder.
When the electro magnets S are excited by a slight current they attract the
armature S and thus turn the frame T¹ so as to hold the bar T away from the
brake disc A', so that the escapement then allows the clockwork to be set in
motion and the upper carbon holder to descend as before described.
When no current is passing through the lamp, the carbons are held separated as
described in the first arrangement, the frame D, and pitch wheel F being then held
in the raised position shewn. When the main circuit is closed, the entire currents will
consequently pass through the electromagnets S and these, as before described,
will cause the framing D to turn downwards so as to lower the pitch wheel F and
will also cause the armature S³ to release the escapement A so as to cause the
carbons to be brought together. As the entire current will now pass through the
carbons, the shunt magnets S will be put out of action again, and the frame D will
rise so as to separate the carbons and thus form the arc the escapement of the
clockwork being at the same time stopped by the armature frame T¹ T*.
On the increase of the resistance due to the burning away of the carbons, the
slight current passing through the electro-magnets S will cause the armature S³
to release the escapement so as to allow of the approach of the carbons until the
normal distance is re-established.
The glass globe W of the lamp, Figures I to V together with its framework, is
suspended by cords Y from two barrels T T carried by the plate N, the barrels
being loose on their axes but connected thereto by internal spiral springs having a
tension tending to turn the barrels in the direction of the arrow Fig. V, so as to
keep the globe in the raised position shewn at Figs. I and IV. For gaining access
to the lamp mechanism, the globe is pulled down, thereby drawing the cords Y off
their barrels and thus rotating these so as to increase the tension of their springs.
The barrels T and the regulating mechanism are covered by an ornamental cap W¹
secured to the plate N.
For arc lamps to be employed in workshops and the like, this cap may be made
of plain black japanned metal, and the globe be provided at top with a metal ring
having handles and arranged to be hooked by hand on to studs on the cap.
I am aware that it has before been proposed to suspend the upper carbon holder
of arc lamps from a pivotted frame carrying the clockwork mechanism and acted
upon in contrary directions by an electro magnet and by a spring, for controlling
the feed of the carbons, and I therefore do not claim such an arrangement otherwise
than in combination with the features constituting my present invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an electric arc lamp, controlling the feed of the carbons by means of
clockwork with a tangent escapement, that is to say, an escapement oscillating in a
plane at right angles to the plane of the escapement wheel, in combination with
a friction brake on the escapement spindle controlled by the action of an electro-
magnet on a shunt circuit of the lamp, substantially as described.
2. In combination with the tangent escapement and friction brake mechanism
referred to in the preceding claim a rocking frame carrying a pitch wheel over
which passes a pitch chain to which the upper and lower carbon holders are
attached, which frame operates in combination with an electromagnet or solenoid on
a shunt circuit in such manner that the passage of a current through the shunt
circuit on the one hand causes the frame to be lowered so as to effect the approach

page_text: of the carbons, and on the other hand releases the friction brake of the escapement
so as to allow the pitch wheel to rotate, and consequently the upper carbon to
descend, substantially as described.
Dash: 10th Jan of Contember 1802
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.