to Single, Double, or Triple Furrow Ploughs.
Year: 1886

page_text: to Single, Double, or Triple Furrow Ploughs.
I JOHN HUXTABLE of Plough Works, Filleigh near South Molton in the County
of Devon, Agricultural Machinist and Implement Maker do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
=
The object of my invention is to provide means, more particularly in connection
with such turn-wrest ploughs as are turned over horizontally and upside down at
the headlands for operating alternately with the right and left hand set of
ploughing tools, and for reversing the handles whereby change of line of draught
may be effected automatically by the action of reversing the same and to cause
(whichever way the handles are used at the time) the draught or pull on the plough
to take place from below the centre, and thus by obtaining a lifting as well as a
direct pulling action the draught will be greatly eased, and a greater proportion of
the weight of the plough will be thrown on to the hinder furrow wheel.
For this purpose I employ a box in which the handles turn and a central guide
bar similar to that referred to in the Specification of patent granted to me No. 4176
A.D. 1877 and it is in connection with the central guide bar and the reversing
handles that my present invention relates.
Now according to this my present invention I extend the central guide bar
forward between the beams and support it so that it may rotate in another
bearing formed in the expanding screw or equivalent which connects the beams.
The said bar at its extreme end is turned downwards at any desired distance so as
to form a vertical draft head to which the horses are attached, and can be made
with holes or equivalents to alter the line of draft at any desired distance from the
centre downwards. The plough, as before mentioned is turned upside down at the
headlands for changing the ploughing tools from right to left, or vice versa, and it
is then necessary to turn the handle half way round to suit either set of ploughing
tools intended for work, and the central guide bar and vertical draft head being
connected thereto will turn with them (half way round) and ensure the draft head
being in a vertical position downwards when the plough is in working position.
The coulter bracket has four claws and is provided with suitable arrangements for
adjusting the coulters to any desired position but hitherto the position of the
adjusting nuts and screws has been difficult to reach on account of their resting too
close on the edge of beans. To obviate this I place bosses on each side of coulter

page_text: bracket of such a length as to overhang the edge of beam. The nuts rest and turn
on these bosses when adjusting the coulters ensuring more freedom for using the
wrench or spanner when effecting the said adjustments. To renew the blades or
wearing parts of these and other coulters I make thein in a separate piece from the
shank or stem of the coulter and attach the same as follows: The blade can be
forged or cast either of steel or iron and is provided with a boss of suitable propor-
tions and recessed of such a shape as to prevent the coulter driving backwards in
work (I however prefer a square recess) into which a corresponding collar fits
made on the lower end of the shank or stem of the coulter. In the centre of this
collar a stem is provided and fitted with a screw and nut which passes through the
boss and coulter blade entire and the two jambed together with the before
mentioned nut. To renew the blade or wearing part of coulter when worn it is
only necessary to unscrew the nut and put a new one in its place this method of
attaching the wearing parts of coulters by either horizontal or perpendicular bosses
is applicable to all descriptions of ploughs whether turn-wrest or otherwise.

page_text: Improvements in Turn-wrest or One Way Ploughs, Applicable
to Single, Double, or Triple Furrow Ploughs.
I, JOHN HUXTABLE of Plough Works, Filleigh near South Molton in the County
of Devon, Agricultural Machinist and Implement Maker do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide means more particularly in connection
with such turn-wrest ploughs as are turned over horizontally and upside down at
the headlands for operating alternately with the right and left hand set of ploughing
tools, for reversing the handles, whereby change of line of draught may be
effected automatically by the action of reversing the same and to cause (whichever
way the handles are used at the time) the draught or pull on the plough to take
place from below the centre, and thus by obtaining a lifting as well as a direct
pulling action the draught will be greatly eased, and a greater proportion of the
weight of the plough will be thrown on to the hinder furrow wheel.
For this purpose I employ a box in which the handles turn, and a central guide
bar similar to that referred to in the Specification of patent granted to me No. 4176
A.D. 1877 and it is partly in connection with the central guide bar and the
reversing handles that my present invention relates.
Now according to this my present invention I extend the central guide bar
forward between the beams and support it so that it may rotate in another bearing
formed in the expanding screw or equivalent which connects the beams. The said
bar at its extreme end is turned downwards at any desired distance so as to form
a vertical draft head to which the horses are attached, and can be made with holes,
or equivalent devices may be used, to alter the line of draught at any desired
distance from the centre downwards. The plough as before mentioned, is turned
upside down at the headlands for changing the ploughing tools from right to left,
or vice versa and it is then necessary to turn the handle half way round to suit
either set of ploughing tools intended for work, and the central guide bar and
vertical draught head being connected thereto will turn with them (half way round)
and ensure the draught head being in a vertical position downwards when the
plough is in working position. The coulter bracket has four claws and is provided
with suitable arrangements for adjusting the coulters to any desired position, but
hitherto the position of the adjusting nuts and screws has been difficult to reach on
account of their resting too close on the edge of beams. To obviate this I place
bosses on each side of culter bracket of such a length as to overhang the edge of
The nuts rest and turn on these bosses when adjusting the coulters,
ensuring more freedom for using the wrench or spanner when effecting the said
adjustments. To renew the blade or wearing parts of these and other coulters
I make them in a separate piece from shank or stem of the coulter, and attach the
same as follows:-The blade can be forged or cast either in steel or iron and is
provided with a boss of suitable proportions and recessed of such a shape as to
prevent the coulter driving backwards in work, into which a corresponding collar
beam.

page_text: fits made on the lower end of the shank or stem of the coulter. In the centre of
this collar a stem is provided and fitted with a screw and nut which passes through
the boss and coulter blade entire, and the two jambed together with the before
mentioned nut. To renew the blade or wearing part of coulter when worn it is
only necessary to unscrew the nut and put a new one in its place. This method of
attaching the wearing parts of coulters by either horizontal or perpendicular bosses
is applicable to all descriptions of ploughs whether turn-wrest or otherwise.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a side elevation shewing a double furrow turn-wrest plough with my
improvements applied thereto. Figure 2 is a partial elevation shewing a similar
plough half reversed and resting on its rest during the reversal of the plough at
the headlands.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the front gear shewing the vertical draught
head the front swinging bar and the sliding sheaf or pulley.
Figure 4 is a cross section of the front furrow wheel reversing mechanism.
Figure 5 is a detached view of the swinging disc which forms part of the furrow
wheel gear and Figure 6 is a detached face view of the fixed disc of same.
Figure 7 is a side elevation partly in section of one arrangement for fixing the
coulter blade adjustably to its stem; Figure 8 is a face view of the coulter stem
with the coulter blade removed and Figure 9 is a side elevation on a larger scale
than the previous figures of the adjustable coulter joint. Figure 10 is a side
elevation partly in section of a modified arrangement for adjustably fixing the
coulter blade to the stem; and Figure 11 is a side view of the coulter stem
detached. Figures 12 and 13 are views similar to those last referred to, of another
modification for adjustably fixing the coulter blade to the stem. Figure 14 is a
side elevation, and Figure 15 is a plan of another modification of an arrangement
for adjustably fixing the coulter blade to its stem. Figure 16 is a sectional
elevation of another modification. Figure 17 is a side elevation of coulter bracket
shewing coulter stems in position Figure 18 is an end view of same shewing bosses
on which the adjusting nuts rest Figure 19 is a sectional elevation and a front
view of the mechanism for locking the handles. Figures 20 and 21 shew diagram
views of two positions of the coulter.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
A A¹ are the beams, B B are the handles or stilts, B₁ are the rounds, C are the
land wheels, D shares and mould boards; E is the central guide bar carried in
bearings, formed or carried by the expanding screws E¹; F is the vertical draught
head connected or formed with the end as shewn of the central guide bar E which
vertical draught head may as shewn be made with holes for changing the line of
draught; G is the bar swinging from the beam A¹. G' is the pulley or sheaf
thereon which may be set and adjusted in any desired position on the bar G by the
set screw G₁x; and H is a chain connecting the swinging bar G with the vertical
head F and is provided with an intermediate swivel or shackle, T is the box at the
end of the beams A A' through which the central bar E passes. U is the disc to
which the end of the central guide bar E is fixed, the said disc is provided with a
circular projection thereon which enters the recess made in the box T and is free to
turn therein. To this disc U the handles B are fixed. U₁ are jaws or lugs on
the back of the disc U between which the catch X is pivotted and which when in
the locked position as shewn at Figure 1 enters the uppermost of the two slots V₁
provided in the box T and by this means the handles are locked in either of the
two positions which they are required to assume. X is the rod for operating the
catch X. The central guide bar E passing through the box T and being as before
mentioned fixed to the disc U, the said box T and disc U are thereby held together
and turn upon each other at such times as the catch X is released from the slots V
as previously mentioned.
L Figures 4, 5 & 6 is the front furrow wheel carried by a vertically adjustable
bar M held by clip and slides to the arm of the rotating box of flanged disc N into

page_text: which the disc O takes. The disc O is carried by a bracket P bolted to the
beam A' of the plough Q is a gravity catch swinging freely on the arms of the
bracket P and taking into the notch N¹ in the projecting edge of the flanged disc N
in order to lock same in position. The amount of rotation of the flanged disc N is
regulated by projection N³ which travels between projecting webs or stops 01 01
formed on the inner face of the fixed disc O. The rotative flanged disc N and the
fixed disc O are held one on the other by bolt.
S is the hind furrow wheel which is adjustably supported by means of
stems SS' passing through mortice pieces or clips S on the handles. S³ is the
plough rest. J is the coulter bracket shewn separately at Figures 17 and 18.
J are the loop bolts and adjusting nuts for holding the coulter stems in position.
J2 are the bosses by which the nuts of the loop bolts J¹ are raised from the face of
the beams and thus made more easy of access for adjustment.
KK are the coulter stems and K K¹ the coulter blades. Having especial
reference to Figures 7, 8 and 9, K is the boss on coulter blade having on its face
radial serrations or teeth K³, best seen at Figure 9 and these teeth take into corre-
sponding radial recesses K in the boss K on the coulter stein K, see Fig. 8 K® is
the bolt having a square passing through corresponding square hole in boss K³, and
this bolt holds the coulter blade and stem together, so that by loosening the bolt
and separating the serrations K³ K' one from the other and turning the blade K¹
to the required position, and again tightening same, the coulter blade may be set at
any required angle for example as shewn at Figs. 20 and 21, or the blade may be
entirely removed for renewal when necessary.
At Figures 10 and 11 the boss K³ of the coulter stem K is formed with a
polygonal projection and the boss K of the coulter blade K' with a corresponding
aperture which latter fits on to the projection K' and is there held by washer and
bolt K the latter passing through the boss K³.
At Figures 12 and 13 the boss K³ is here shewn of square form and fits into a
corresponding square or box shaped end K' formed or connected to the coulter
blade K¹ the two being held together by a screw which may be formed in a piece
with the square end K³ which passes through the box end K² and is hold in place
by a nut.
At Figures 14 and 15 the coulter stem K is shewn with a collar K³ into which
the coulter blade K¹ is inserted and retained in position by bolt and nut and the
collar K³ is also provided with a set screw for vertical adjustment of the blade.
At Figure 16 the end of the coulter stem K, at K' is provided with parallel
serrations or notches, and the coulter blade K¹ with corresponding projections, the
two being held together as before described. By these means the position of the
coulter blade may be adjusted vertically with the greatest nicety.
The arrangements which I have shewn are convenient ways for adjusting the
position of the coulter blades for renewing the same, but I do not limit myself
absolutely to the means described as other equivalent and suitable arrangements
might be devised for accomplishing the same purpose without departing from my
invention.
The coulter blades K' may be forged, rolled or cast; when rolled, the bars may
be cut to suitable lengths to fit into such a vertical boss as that shewn by
Figures 14 and 15.
When it is required to turn a plough constructed in the manner before described,
the operator turns it first round and then on to its side on the rest S³ into the
position shewn at Figure 2-this causes the gravity catch Q of the front furrow
wheel L to leave or to fall out of the notch N₁ of the box N and thus leaving the
front furrow wheel free to swing. By pulling the rod X¹ the catch X is with-
drawn from the slot V₁ and the plough handles are then free to be turned, the
turning action of which through the central guide bar E reverses the position of
the vertical draft head F-the handles are then locked by the catch X and the
plough can then be completely reversed, such reversal causing the flanged disc N
carrying the front furrow wheel L to swing round on the disc O until stopped by

page_text: the rib O¹ on same and the gravity catch will fall into the notch N' and lock the
furrow wheel in position, and the chain connecting the hanging bar to the vertical
head F being provided with a swivel or shackle prevents the chain twisting and by
these means the change of line of draught is effected automatically by the action of
turning over the plough and reversing the handles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
I claim is :
First. In turn wrest or one way ploughs the vertical draft head F on the central
guide bar E whereby the draught or pull on the plough takes place from below the
centre substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3
of the accompanying drawings.
Second. In turn wrest or one way ploughs, the vertical draft bead F in combi-
nation with the hanging bar G and parts connected therewith substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
Third. In turn wrest or one way ploughs the vertical draft head with or without
the hanging bar G in combination with the turning and locking mechanism for the
handles all substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
ne
Fourth. The methods of attaching coulters to their stems made in two part
being the blade and the other the shark or stem whereby the blades may be
renewed or their position adjusted substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fifth. In coulters made in two parts, the means described and shown with
reference to Figures 7, 8 and 9 for replacing the blade or adjusting the angle of
same, as set forth.
Sixth. In coulters made in two parts, the means described and shown with
reference to Figures 10 and 11 for replacing the blade or adjusting the angle
thereof, as set forth.
Seventh. In coulters made in two parts, the means described and shewn with
reference to Figures 12 and 13, for replacing the blade as set forth.
Eighth. In coulters made in two parts, the means described and shown with
reference to Figures 14, 15 and 16 for vertically adjusting the coulter blades as
set forth.
Ninth. The particular construction and arrangement of coulter bracket J sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figures 17 and 18 of the accompanying
drawings.
Tenth. The general arrangement and combination of parts composed of the
vertical draft head, and the locking and turning mechanism for the handles
including the hanging bar G and connections therewith the automatic reversing
mechanism for the front furrow wheel and the coulters together with the methods
of renewal and adjustment as described applicable to all descriptions of Ploughs
together with the coulter bracket or any mere modifications thereof substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
T
01