Year: 1886

page_text: I, CHICHESTER ALEXANDER BELL, M.B. of 128 Gower Street in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows:-
This Invention is based upon the application or discovery and application of
certain properties of fluids (gases or liquids) issuing from contracted orifices under
pressure, that is to say, of fluids in the form of jets.
It was known prior to my Invention that jets were capable of producing noises
and also under special conditions of responding to a certain limited number of
sounds but the phenomena were of scientific interest only.
The present Invention comprises methods and apparatus whereby these pre-
viously known properties of jets and others discovered, first as I believe by myself,
are or may be applied. to useful purposes. It has particular reference to the
transmission or reproduction of the undulatory motions which constitute or
accompany articulate speech, but is of course able to serve for the transınission
or reproduction of more simple vibrations, and may therefore be utilized for other
purposes.
I have found that by suitable means the jets which I employ can be made not
only to transmit such sonorous vibrations without destroying their character but
to amplify them and increase their efficiency; and the employment of the jet for
this purpose constitutes one of the most important practical parts of my Invention..
In order to accomplish these results, the jet must be brought to a suitable condition
and suitable means must be adopted to throw it into vibrations and to receive the
vibrations; I have invented various contrivances for this purpose.
I will state the general nature of the use which I make of the jet and then
describe some of the particular ways in which it may be employed.
When a jet of suitable size and under suitable pressure issues from a properly
constructed orifice it may be allowed to pass through a certain distance before its
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page_text: character as a jet is destroyed by breaking up into drops If sonorous vibrations
be impressed upon it at or near the point where it issues from the orifice they will
pass through the whole length of the jet substantially without loss of character
and can during any part of their course be taken off or used to impress themselves
upon a suitable vibratory medium which will thus be thrown into sonorous vibra-
tions substantially similar in form. The jet thus serves as a medium or part of a
chain for the transmission or translation of sonorous vibrations without destruction
of quality. It is found moreover that under suitable conditions the vibrations which
are thus imparted to the jet near its origin are at a point more distant from the
origin and near where the jet will break up into drops more efficient as a means for
impressing sonorous vibrations of the same character on other bodies or vibratory
media, than they are closer to the point of original disturbance. In such a jet
therefore, we have a means for actually amplifying the sonorous vibrations and thus
can use it, not merely as a part of the chain through which such vibrations can be
transmitted but as an efficient member for increasing their practical effect.
I make use of this property, (which I develop by suitable contrivances some of
which I will hereafter describe) by placing the jet somewhere in the line of commu-
nication between the transmitting and the receiving operation and causing vibrations
to pass through it. For the same purpose I place it at the transmitting station
where it will constitute a portion of the transmitting instrument. Its use is not
limited however to any one particular position and it may therefore be placed for
the same purpose anywhere between the transmitting operator and the receiving
operator; as for example in connection with an instrument which is at once a
receiver and transmitter and thus forms a sort of relay.
The vibrations to be transmitted can be impressed upon it in many ways. The
orifice or vessel containing the fluid issuing in a jet from it, or the jet itself, may be
agitated by the sonorous waves produced directly by the voice acting upon it; it
may be agitated by intermittent or undulatory currents of electricity or by a
varying beam of radient energy. It may be agitated mechanically by a phono-
graph record in motion-The sonorous vibrations of the jet may be taken off and
caused to impress themselves upon the next piece of mechanism or link in the chain
of transmission also in various ways-If the jet or a suitable portion of it form
part of an electrical circuit, variations in the jet will vary the resistance of that
circuit and thus produce electric undulations which may be utilized on the spot or
at a distance by means of well known telephonic instruments The jet may be
allowed to fall upon a diaphragm which it will throw into corresponding sonorous
vibrations, it may be allowed to strike upon a suitably arranged and enclosed mass
of air, or upon a tube which it will throw into sonorous vibrations-These sonorous
vibrations whether of the diaphragm tube or air may be employed to create the
sensation of sound on the spot or they may be made to impress themselves
upon devices for the transmission and reproduction of the same vibrations at a
distance.
It might be well to state that when I speak of sonorous vibrations of a jet I do
not mean to be understood as saying that the jet vibrates from side to side like a
vibrating spring I refer to any kind of sonorous vibrations or tremor which is
propogated through the jet so that being received at one end it makes itself felt at
the other.
When a jet of cireular cross section strikes an object under the proper conditions
the fluid spreads out in a thin film or sheet which is for a certain distance con-
tinuous like the jet itself This film or sheet while it is continuous has I find the
property of responding to sonorous vibrations and of transmitting them without
destruction of their form.
The vibrations are transmitted to the sheet or film from the body of the jet and
they are magnified in the transmission the same as when carried along the nearly
cylindrical portion of the jet I wish it therefore to be understood that the utiliza-
tion of sucli a sheet or film having the properties of a jet is within the Invention.

page_text: In some cases it is desirable to have the vibrating medium affected by such a
sheet or film as for example when a current of electricity is to be thrown into a
state of vibration by the varying resistance of the jet, but if the jet be to operate
mechanically it is desirable that the jet should play full against the vibratory body
so as to utilize the energy or vis-viva of the moving fluid.
In this connection I may observe that it is not intended to include but on the
contrary to exclude, as being foreign to the Invention, the use of a. manometric
flame such as Koenig's for responding to the undulations of speech or other sounds-
When such a flame is used as the transmitter of a radiophone or photophone,
sounds would no doubt be transmitted to a distance and then be reproduced. The
flame however operates by the variations in its radiant enery or illuminating power
due to the variable supply of illuminating gas and not at all on the principle of
my jets.
Jets like all bodies have a certain fundamental tone which is dependent upon
the size of the jet orifice, and the pressure upon the fluid behind it, being higher
as the orifice is smaller and the pressure greater.
For the transmission of articulate speech the jet should be pitched in the higher
register which corresponds with the overtones of the voice. Although the jet has
a fundamental tone it is capable of responding with nearly equal readiness when
the pressure is not too great, to all sounds of a certain range which may be made
to include those used in speaking.
Practically the adjustment can readily be obtained by controlling the flow
through the supply tube so as to regulate the pressure of the jet liquid, the
necessary indications being furnished by listening to the effect produced. A
circular jet orifice from one-hundredth (100) to three-onehundredths (180) of an.
inch, in diameter, or even a smaller or a larger orifice may be used.
I have described the sonorous vibrations as travelling lengthwise of the jet.
While this propagation is very desirable in most cases in order to increase the
effect by reason of the increase in the vibrational movements which take place as
the vibrations travel outward from the jet orifices yet I do not limit myself
altogether to the propagation of sonorous vibrations by this operation, since in
some forms of jet translating apparatus devised by me the operation is different.
So far the description has related to the reproduction or transmission of articulate
speech, but it is evident that the same methods and apparatus are adapted to the
reproduction of sounds generally. The same capacities of jets can also be used
for the transmission of vibrations which did not originally exist as sound. For
example the scratching of a suitable part of the jet apparatus would throw the
jet into vibrations which would produce a sound but the initial cause was the
direct vibration of said part and not the copying of sound waves (atmospheric.
vibrations) as in the reproduction of sound.
Certain of my methods of, and apparatus for transmitting or translating vibra-
tions by means of jets are believed to be new in the broadest sense and are
therefore included in the invention, whether the jet does or does not copy or
preserve the form of the vibration transmitted. Thus it is evident that the magni-
fying capacity of jets may be usefully employed in a system of harmonic
telegraphy as well as in an articulating telephone.
Certain other improvements in the nature of combinations in which one or more
jets enter as elements are also included as well when the said jets are adapted to
transmit the form of sound waves as when they transmit only the rapidily and
extent thereof or are used to produce effects having no direct relation to sound.
In all these uses the jet plays or may play the part of a relay or microphone
for magnifying the effect so that a feble cause may originate a considerable dis-
turbance. This magnifying action is increased rather than decreased by causing
the discontinuous portions of a jet to act, and the action of these portions of the
jets may be utilized in many cases where the form of the vibrations is not to be

page_text: preserved, for when the jou breaks up it loses its undulatory character and becomes
intermittent in its action.
It should be noted that the breaking point of a jet is not fixed but varies as well
with the nature of the sound as with its intensity.
The following is a more particular though brief description of some of the forms
of apparatus for practising the invention.
First. The jet tube of glass is fastened on a vibratory support or sounding board
of wood or other suitable material and is supplied with pure water free from solid
particles and bubbles of gas through a flexible rubber supply pipe from an elevated
reservoir supported by adjustable brackets so that the pressure can be varied by
raising and lowering the reservoir. A stop cock is provided in the supply pipe for
cutting off and for regulating the flow, and a filter for removing solid particles and
air bubbles.
The jet plays upon the diaphragm of a transmitting telephone arranged in the
continuous portion of the jet near the point where it would break into drops if
allowed to fall free. On talking to the sound board the sound waves throw the
jet into vibrations which the jet in turn impresses upon the telephone diaphragm
and thereby causes electrical undulations in the circuit connected with the tele-
phone transmitter. These undulations can be made evident as sound by a
telephone receiver of any ordinary type included in the circuit The transmitting
telephone may be a magneto instrument or of any other ordinary or suitable con-
struction. Suitable means are provided for conducting the water away from.the
diaphragın into a suitable receptacle.
Second. The same means for producing a jet being employed, the jet plays upon
the diaphragm or other device connected with the stretched wire of a mechanical
telephone The jet impresses the vibrations upon the stretched wire and they are
by it communicated to the receiving instruments.
Third. The jet plays upon a diaphragm covering the end of an ordinary speaking
tube or of a tube filled with water and impresses the vibrations upon the contained
fluid, through which they are transmitted to the other end of the tube.
Fourth. The jet plays upon the diaphragm or device connected with the recording
style of a phonagraph (say of Edison's well known instruments) and causes the
style to indent a sheet of metal foil or otherwise to form a sound record from
which the sounds can be reproduced when desired or it plays upon the vibratory
part of a phonautograph or of a radiophone say the back of a reflecting mirror.
Fifth. The water is rendered conductive of electricity by admixture with it of
a little sulphuric acid, free from lead, and a portion of the jet is included in a
galvanic circuit. For including the jet in circuit, the jet tube is made of, or tipped
with metal, and forms one pole of the circuit, or a metal body forming one pole of
the circuit is immersed in the liquid within the glass jet tube. The jet plays
against a metal body. which forms the other pole, or into a body of liquid which is
in electrical connection with the second pole of the circuit. The circuit is completed
by the jet, and the vibrations of the latter are communicated to the galvanic
current.
Sixth. The jet of say acidified water issuing from a jet tube of glass plays upon
the end of a platinum rod imbedded in hard rubber and arranged in the continuous
part of the jet but near the outer end of said part―The jet liquid spreads out in
a thin film over and in contact with a ring of platinum which surrounds the rod
but is insulated from it. The rod and the ring form the terminals of an electric
circuit (which includes a receiving telephone and a galvanic battery). The jet film
completes the circuit between the terminals and the vibrations of the jet cause
electrical undulations in the circuit which are made evident as sound by the
receiving telephone. The jet may also be deflected from one electrode to another,
not in the form of a ring. One or both the electrodes may be wedge shaped, plates
of metal or of glass coated with metal.

page_text: Eighth. The jet plays upon a non-conducting body and the film spreads over and
completes the circuit between two wires imbedded therein.
Ninth. The jet plays upon one terminal of the circuit, and the other wire
or terminal is immersed in a liquid through which it is electrically connected with
the jet film, or the jet plays upon a non-conducting plug and the films spreading
out over an annular recess filled with liquid in contact with one pole of the circuit
completes the circuit between said liquid and a surrounding body of liquid.
Tenth. The jet liquid establishes the circuit between electrodes of platinum and
zinc or of other metals having different positions in the electro-chemical scale thus
forming the exciting liquid of a galvanic couple.
Eleventh. An electrode forming one terminal of the circuit is immersed in the
jet liquid just inside the jet orifice, and the other terminal is formed by a coating
on the outside of the jet tube and extending to the jet orifice so as to make contact
with the jet liquid.
Twelfth. The jet plays upon the edge of a partition and the divided fluid
completes the circuit between the liquid on opposite sides of the partition.
Thirteenth. One or both the electrodes can be made adjustable in order to vary
the distance between them and thus regulate the resistance of the circuit.
Fourteenth. The jet may be enclosed: a convenient arrangement is to have the
jet tube sealed into the top of a short protecting tube of glass and an ebonite plug
in which the electrodes are embedded sealed in the opposite end, the protecting
tube being attached to the sounding board and the liquid being carried off by
a lateral branch pipe or openings A vacuum or partial vacuum may be made in
the chamber enclosing the jet.
Fifteenth. Instead of attaching the jet tube to a sounding board to be vibrated
by sound waves it may be attached to or connected with the diaphragm or
equivalent part of an electric telephone receiver (say a light spring carrying an
armature which bears lightly upon the pole of a permanent magnet enclosed in a
bobbin of insulated wire) with the stretched wire of a mechanical telephone with
the vibratory part of a radiaphonic receiver with the diaphragm or style of a
phonograph reproducer or with a diaphragm at the end of a speaking tube In
any of these cases the jet may operate in any of the modes before described but
preferably it plays upon a small diaphragm of thin sheet rubber stretched over the
end of a short metal tube-A flexible round conveying tube provided with an ear
piece forms a continuation of the metal tube.
Sixteenth. Sound waves act directly upon the jet near the orifice and the jet
being thus vibrated impresses the vibrations upon another medium as before
described-The jet is enclosed in a tube and a bell mouth communicating with the
interior thereof directs the sound waves upon the jet.
Seventeenth. The jet liquid behind the jet orifice is in contact with a vibratory
diaphragm which forms one side of a chamber through which the jet liquid passes-
The vibrations of the diaphragm are communicated to the jet.
Eighteenth. A body immersed in the liquid behind the jet communicates its
vibrations to the jet.
Nineteenth. The jet tube is coated with lamp black and the vibrated beam of
a radiaphone is concentrated on it in order to throw the jet into vibration It is
preferred to use air for the jet in this instrument.
Twentieth. A metal ball in the jet tube near the orifice forms one pole of a
circuit and a metal coating on the outside of the jet tube extending almost to the
jet orifice forms the other-The secondary coil of an inductorium is included in
the circuit The primary coil of the inductorium is in circuit with a battery and
telephone transmitter The variations in the current through the primary coil
induce corresponding currents in the secondary which pass between the electrodes,
and throw the jet into vibration The inner electrode may be formed of a coating
on the inside of the jet tube pear the orifice instead of a ball immersed in the
fluid.

page_text: Twenty first. The electrodes in the form of plates (arranged parallel) are
suspended in the liquid In this arrangement as also in the preceeding a con-
ducting liquid to allow the currents to pass may be used or a nonconducting
liquid, paraffine oil for example. One of the electrodes could be omitted or a jet
tube of metal could form one terminal of the secondary circuit the other terminal
being grounded.
Twenty second. The beam of a radiophone is concentrated upon the jet near
the orifice or upon the fluid behind the jet orifice preferably a gas jet is used the
gas being rendered more absorbent by charging it with water or other vapor.
Twenty third. In using jets of air or other gas the fluid is or may be compressed
in a flexible bag or collapsible reservoir. To receive the vibrations from an air jet,
the latter plays upon the end of a tube provided with a small orifice the interior of
which tube is connected by a flexible sound conveying tube with an ear piece or
bell mouth to be applied to the ear of the listener.
Twenty fourth. An air jet is made to play upon a gas flame. Vibrations
impressed upon the air jet produce sounds which are audible in the neighbourhood
of the jet and flame.
Twenty.fifth. To enable the same liquid to be used again and again to form a
jet a lower reservoir is provided, in which the waste liquid collects, and from
which it is pumped into an upper reservoir. From the latter the jet is supplied.
Preferably an air compressor is employed to, compress air in the lower reservoir,
and thereby force it into the upper reservoir. An overflow prevents the filling of
the upper reservoir above the desired level.
A syphon is used to supply the liquid to the jet tube and the flow is cut off at
will by unsealing the syphon the syphon being partly formed by a tube which can
be raised or turned to bring its end above the liquid or a hole in the band of the
syphon being opened. The pipes are so arranged. that the syphon is filled with
liquid when the air compressor has been operated The means for sealing and
unsealing are so connected with the means for operating the air compressor that
the sealing is effected when the pipes are full of liquid.
Twenty sixth. An apparatus similar to the foregoing is made, except that a
stop cock is used to control the flow instead of a syphon.
Twenty seventh. An air compressor is used to compress air into a reservoir,
and the pressure of the confined air is utilized to force liquid through the jet tube.
The pressure is kept constant by the use of a governor, or by keeping an uniform
tension upon the compressor. In one form of this apparatus a bag of rubber or
flexible material, or a bell having its end sealed like a gasometer is expanded by a
chain wound upon a drum, the air entering through a check valve. It is contracted
by one or more weights or springs and the air is forced through an automatic
pressure governor into the reservoir and acting upon the jet liquid therein forces
it into the jet tube and out at the orifice thereof. The flow of the liquid is stopped
by opening a valve and allowing the compressed air to escape The liquid which
has passed through the jet, is then returned through a pipe provided with a check
valve into the reservoir.
In another form of apparatus an annular drum divided by a partition and
containing a body of mercury to act as a fluid piston is journaled in bearings and
combined with a crank for turning it in one direction by hand and a spring or
weight for returning it when released. When turned by hand the partition is
moved away from the mercury and air enters the space between them through a
valve held open. When the crank is released, the spring turns the drum and closes
the valve, and the air being then confined between the mercury and the partition
is compressed and forced into the reservoir for forcing the liquid through the jet
orifice.
Twenty eighth. To render the apparatus more easy to use, the means for
stopping the flow of fluid to supply the jet (whether this stoppage be effected by
closing a cock by unsealing a syphon or by allowing compressed air to escape) are

page_text: combined with a moveable support (for say a hand telephone or hearing tube) so
that when the proper device is placed in or removed from the support it operates
automatically to cut off the flow or to allow the same flow to be established."
Twenty ninth. Electrical contacts are combined with the means for controlling.
the flow or for producing the proper pressure so that said devices form an automatic
switch.
The Invention and the several parts thereof are of course susceptible of many
other modifications It will also be understood that the Invention comprises
especially the new improvements embodied in the apparatus indicated.

page_text: www Para
Даношницы, пороционы, аци
Recording Speech and other Sounds.
I CHICHESTER ALEXANDER BELL late of 128 Gower Street in the County of
Middlesex now of 54 Warwick Gardens Kensington in the said County of
Middlesex Chemist and Electrician do hereby declare the nature of said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention is based upon the application or discovery and application of
certain properties of fluids (gases or liquids) issuing from contracted orifices under
pressure that is to say, of fluids in the form of jets..
It was known prior to my Invention that jets were capable of producing noises
and also under special conditions of responding to a certain limited number of
sounds, but the phenomena were of scientific interest only.
The present invention comprises methods and apparatus whereby these previously
known properties of jets and others discovered first as I believe by myself are or
may be applied to useful purposes. It has particular reference to the transmission
or reproduction of the undulatory motions which constitute or accompany articulate
speech but is of course able to serve for the transmission or reproduction of more
simple vibrations and may therefore be utilized for other purposes.
I have found that by suitable means the jets which I employ can be made not
only to transmit such sonorous vibrations without destroying their character but
to amplify them and increase their efficiency and the employment of the jets for
this purpose constitutes one of the most important practical parts of my Invention.
In order to accomplish these results the jet must be brought to a suitable condition,
and suitable means must be adopted to throw it into vibrations and to receive the
vibrations. I have invented various contrivances for this purpose.
I will state the general nature of the use which I make of the jet and then
describe some of the particular ways in which it may be employed.
When a jet of liquid of suitable size and under suitable pressure issues from a
properly constructed orifice it may be allowed to pass through a certain distance
before its character as a jet is destroyed by breaking up into drops. If sonorous
vibrations be impressed upon it at or near the point where it issues from the
orifice they will pass through the whole length of the jet substantially without loss
of character and can during any part of their course be taken off or used to impress
themselves upon a suitable vibratory medium which will then be thrown into
sonorous vibrations substantially similar in form. The jet thus serves as a
medium or part of a chain for the transmission or translation of sonorous
vibrations without destruction of quality. It is found moreover that under
suitable conditions the vibrations which are thus imparted to the jet near its
orifice are, at a point more distant from the orifice and near where the jet will
break up into drops more efficient as a means for in pressing sonorous vibrations
of the same character on other bodies or vibratory media than they are close to
the point of original disturbance. In such a jet therefore we have a means for

page_text: actually amplifying the sonorous vibrations and thus can use it not merely as a
part of the chain through which vibration can be transmitted but as an efficient
member for increasing their practical effect.
.
I make use of this property (which I develop by suitable contrivances some
of which I will hereafter describe) by placing the jet somewhere in the line of
communication between the transmitting operator and the receiving operator and
causing sonorous vibrations to pass through it. For the same purpose I place it at
the transmitting station where it will constitute a portion of the transmitting
instrument. Its use is not limited however to any, one particular position and it
may therefore be placed for the same purpose anywhere between the transmitting
operator and the receiving operator as for example in connection with an instrument
which is at once a receiver and transmitter and thus forms a sort of relay.
The vibrations to be transmitted can be impressed upon it in many ways. The
orifice or vessel containing the fluid issuing in a jet from it, or the jet itself may
be agitated by the sonorous waves produced by the voice acting directly upon it,
it may be agitated by intermittent or undulatory currents of electricity or by a
varying beam of radiant energy. It may be agitated mechanically by a phono-
graph record in motion. The sonorous vibrations of the jet may be taken off and
caused to impress themselves upon the next piece of mechanism or link in the
chain of transmission also in various ways. If the jet or a suitable portion of it
form part of an electrical circuit variations in the jet will vary the resistance of
that circuit and thus produce electric undulations which may be utilized on the
spot or at a distance by means of well known telephonic instruments. The jet
may be allowed to fall upon a diaphragm which it will throw into corresponding
sonorous vibrations or it may be allowed to strike upon a suitably arranged and
enclosed mass of air which it will throw into sonorous vibrations. These sonorous
vibrations whether of the diaphragm or air may be employed to create the sensation
of sound on the spot or they may be made to impress themselves upon devices for
the transmission and reproduction of the same vibrations at a distance.
It might be well to state that when I speak of sonorous vibrations of a jet I do
not mean to be understood as saying that the jet vibrates from side to side like a
vibrating spring. I refer to any kind of sonorous vibrations or tremor which is
propagated through the jet, so that being received at one end it makes itself felt
at the other.
When a jet of circular cross section strikes an object under the proper conditions
the fluid spreads out in a thin film or sheet which is for a certain distance con-
tinuous like the jet itself. This film or sheet while it is continuous has I find the
property of transmitting vibrations from the body of the jet without destruction of
their form.
I wish it therefore to be understood that the utilization of such a sheet or film
having the properties of a jet is within the Invention.
In some cases it is desirable to have the vibrating medium affected by such a
sheet or film as for example where a current of electricity is to be thrown into a
state of vibration by the varying resistance of the jet, but if the jet is to operate
mechanically it is desirable that the jet should play full against the vibratory body
so as to utilize the energy or vis viva of the moving fluid.
In this connection I may observe that it is not intended to include but on the
contrary to exclude as being foreign to the invention, the use of a manometric
flame such as Koenigs for responding to the undulations of speech or other sounds.
When such a flame is used as the transmitter of a radiophone or photophone sounds.
would no doubt be transmitted to a distance and there be reproduced. The flame
however operates by the variations in its radiant energy or illuminating power
due to the variable supply of illuminating gas and not at all on the principle
of my jets.
Jets like all bodies have a certain fundamental tone which is dependent upon
the size of the jet orifice and the pressure upon the fluid behind it being higher as
the orifice is smaller and the pressure greater.

page_text: For the transmission of articulate speech the jet should be pitched in the higher
register which corresponds with the overtones of the voice. Although the jet has
a fundamental tone it is capable of responding with nearly equal readiness when
the pressure is not too great to all sounds of a certain range which may be made
to include those used in speaking.
Practically the adjustment can readily be obtained by controlling the flow
through the supply tube so as to regulate the pressure of the jet liquid the necessary
indications being furnished by listening to the effect produced. A circular jet
orifice from one-one hundredth (100) to three-one hundredths (180) of an inch in
diameter or even a smaller or a larger orifice may be used.
I have described the sonorous vibrations as travelling lengthwise of the jet.
While this propagation is very desirable in most cases in order to increase the
effect by reason of the increase in the vibrational movements which takes place as
the vibrations travel outwards from the jet orifice yet I do not limit myself
altogether to the propagation of sonorous vibrations by this operation since in some
forms of jet translating apparatus devised by me the operation is different.
So far the description has related to the reproduction or transmission of articulate
speech but it is evident that the same methods and apparatus are adapted to the
reproduction of sounds generally. The same capacities of jets can also be used for
the transmission of vibrations which did not originally exist as sound. For example
the scratching of a suitable part of the jet apparatus would throw the jet into
vibrations which would produce a sound but the initial cause was the direct
vibration of said part and not the copying of sound waves (atmospheric vibrations)
as in the reproduction of speech.
Certain of my methods of and apparatus for transmitting or translating vibra-
tions by means of jets are believed to be new in the broadest sense and are
therefore included in the invention whether the jet does or does not copy or preserve
the form of the vibrations transmitted. Thus it is evident that the magnifying
capacity of jets may be usefully employed in a system of harmonic telegraphy as
well as in an articulating telephone.
Certain other improvements in the nature of combinations in which one or more
jets enter as elements are also included as well when the said jets are adapted to
transmit the form of sound waves as when they transmit only the rapidity and
extent thereof or are used to produce effects having no direct relation to sound.
In all these cases the jet plays or may play the part of a relay or microphone
magnifying the effect so that a feeble cause may originate a considerable dis-
turbance. This magnifying action is increased rather than decreased by causing
the discontinuous portions of the jet to act and the action of those portions of the
jet may be utilized in many cases where the form of the vibrations is not to be
preserved for when the jet breaks up it loses its undulatory character and becomes
intermittent in its action.
It should be noted that the breaking point of a jet is not fixed but varies as well
with the nature of the disturbing sound as with its intensity.
The invention and the several parts thereof are of course susceptible of many
other modifications. It will also be understood that the Invention comprises
especially the new improvements embodied in the apparatus indicated.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this Specification various
forms of apparatus constructed in accordance with the Invention are represented.
Figures 1 to 15 illustrate apparatus in which the vibrations are impressed
mechanically upon the jet through the vibrations of a ponderable medium either
solid or fluid in contact with the jet fluid and in which the mechanical energy of
the vibrated jet is utilized to impress vibrations upon a ponderable medium..

page_text: Figures 16 to 31 illustrate apparatus in which the variation in the electrical
condition of the jet are utilized to impress vibrations upon an electric current.
Figures 32 to 36 illustrate apparatus in which vibrations are impressed upon the
jet by the direct action upon the jet fluid of an imponderable medium such as light
heat or electricity.
'
Figures 37 to 54 illustrate apparatus in which means are provided for using
conveniently the same liquid again and again for supplying the jet. the said liquid
being pumped from a reservoir below the jet to a reservoir raised a sufficient
distance above it to produce a suitable head and in which also means are provided
for further facilitating the practical application of jets to telephonic and other
purposes.
Figures 55 to 64 illustrate similar apparatus in which however the pressure to
force the liquid through the jet is obtained from compressed air instead of from an
hydrostatic column.
Referring to Figures.1 to 15 Figure 1 represents in sectional elevation a tele-.
phone station apparatus using a jet transmitter.
Figure 2 shows a station apparatus for mechanical telephone lines using a jet
transmitter Figures 3 and 3 two forms of station apparatus provided with a jet
receiver. Figure 3b another form of jet transmitter. Figure 4 a station apparatus
for transmission of messages by means of a liquid and employing a jet receiver.
Figures 5 and 6 station apparatus for electrical telephone lines, a jet transmitter
being shewn in Figure 5 and a jet receiver in Figure 6. Figures 7, 8 and 9
represent other modes of imparting vibration to the jet Figure 10 represents a jet
photophone transmitter Figure 11 a jet photophone receiver Figure 12 a jet trans-
mitter operating by air for speaking tubes Figure 13 a jet recording apparatus or
phonograph and Figures 14 and 15 special forms of jet translating apparatus.
Referring to Figure 1 the vibratory plate or sounding board B which carries the
jet tube E is fastened by one edge to the back board or support A near the bottom
of said support. The plate or board is or may be of wood. Suitable dimensions
are three-eighths of an inch thick with a surface of six inches square. As shown
the plate or board is screwed to a block below; which block in turn is screwed to
the backboard. Other fastening means could of course be used. The jet tube is
preferably of glass. It is stuck into a hole in the vibratory plate or sounding
board. The upper end is connected by a flexible pipe or rubber tube G with the
elevated reservoir H. This reservoir rests on a shelf 1 supported by brackets 2
which are fastened to the back board or support by bolts 3 passing through slots 4
(see Figure 3) in the back board so that by loosening the wing nuts 5 on the end
of said bolts the brackets shelf and reservoir can be set at a greater or less elevation
to change the head or pressure at the jet orifice in the lower end of jet tube E.
In the pipe or tube G is the cock or valve 6 for cutting off the flow of the jet
liquid. It is controlled by a lever arm 7 (of brass). The arm is provided at the
outer end with a hook or fork to receive the ordinary hand telephones ✗. It is
combined with a retractile spring 9 a back contact 10 and a front contact 11. The
lever arm is connected constantly through the spring 9 with the line which extends
to the distant station where there is or may be an apparatus similar to that shewn.
The back contact 10 is connected with a branch to ground which includes the
receiving telephone X and also the coils 12 of a magneto telephone which is acted
upon by the jet and serves as a transmitter. The front contact 11 is connected
with a branch to ground which includes signalling apparatus of any ordinary or
suitable construction as for example that in common use on telephone lines. When
the telephone hangs on the hoop or fork it holds down the arm 7 as shewn in dotted
lines so that it bears upon the contact 11 and thus puts the line to ground through
the signalling branch. At this time the cock is closed. On removal of the tele-
phone X the spring lifts the arm opening the cock and putting the line to ground
through the transmitting and receiving telephones. The transmitting telephone
is or may be of any ordinary or suitable construction. As shewn the coils 12
are mounted on a permanent bar magnet 13 which is adjustably supported in the

page_text: case 14.
The case is fastened in a block in the face of the back board. At the top
of said case is the ordinary telephone diaphragm M of thin sheet iron. The jet
plays upon the centre of the diaphragm. The retaining ring 16 for holding the
diaphragm in place is provided with one or more holes 17 to allow the water to
run off into the cup 18 whence the tube 19 carries it into the lower reservoir P.
On speaking in the vicinity of the apparatus the board B will take up the
vibrations of the air and communicate them through the tube E to the jet. The
latter owing to the vibrations imparted to the jet will fall with varying energy
upon the diaphragm and impart to it vibrations which in turn will induce in the
coil 12 electrical vibrations or undulations that pass on to the line. If the apparatus
be properly constructed and adjusted the original speech will be reproduced by the
receiving telephone at the distant station.
The advantage of using the jet instead of talking directly to the transmitting
telephone is that the jet apparatus is much more sensitive to sounds uttered at a
distance from the instrument.
"
In order to prevent the passage of air bubbles or particles of solid matter to the
jet tube E a filter I is placed in the supply pipe or tube G.
Water is preferred as the jet liquid. With this liquid the pressure or bead
(measured from the lower end of the jet tube to the surface of the liquid in the
reservoir H) should to get the best effect be that of a column of about forty
nine (49) inches the jet orifice being about twenty eight thousandths (18) of an
inch in diameter. The smaller the orifice the less should be the pressure. It is
preferred that the jet orifice should be a circular opening in a thin plate.
The best mode I have devised of making the jet tube practically is as follows.
Take a fusible glass tube three-sixteenths (1) of an inch in internal diameter
with sides about one-thirty second (2) of an inch thick and upwards of four
(4) inches in length, heat it at an intermediate point say two (2) inches from the
end draw it out, cut it off at a point where the glass is thin say when the tube is
one sixteenth (1) of an inch in diameter grind off the end square, heat until the
glass is softened and the sides collapse, then withdraw and when cool the tube is
ready for use.
Glass is preferred for the jet tube but metal hard rubber, amber, or other material
may be used. It is not necessary for the jet orifice to be in the end of a tube it
may be in the bottom or side of any suitable vessel or receptacle.
To adjust the instrument see that the continuous portion of the jet strikes upon
the diaphragm when a loud sound is produced in its neighbourhood then place the
telephone X to the ear and raise or lower the reservoir H until a good articulation
is secured. If the high tones are not brought out raise the reservoir if the low
tones are not brought out lower it. The transmitting telephone can be adjusted to
increase or diminish the loudness. If the articulation is not loud enough lower the
telephone if indistinct or rattling raise it. The adjustment of the jet tube would
answer the same purpose.
The diaphragm of the transmitting telephone would ordinarily be from three to
five inches below the jet orifice the distance depending on the size of the jet.
The effect of varying the height of the reservoir which is simply to vary the
pressure on the liquid at the jet orifice can be obtained by throttling more or less
the flow of the liquid. Thus in figures 2 and 3 a cock K is shewn as provided for
this purpose. If the pressure be too great close it partially if too little open it
wider.
Referring to figures 2 and 3 the vibratory plate or sounding board is supported
at its upper and lower edges by ledges or projections C so that it is separated by
a slight distance from the back board. Preferably pieces D of rubber felt or like
material are placed between the vibratory plate and the ledges or projections C in
order to prevent or lessen the transmission of vibrations to it from the back board.
The plate on its face is grooved vertically in the middle and in the groove is placed
the glass jet tube E which is somewhat longer than the plate so as to project
beyond it at top and bottom. The tube is held in the groove by buttons F which

page_text: are turned over the tube. These buttons allow the ready removal replacement and
adjustment of the tube.
In the supply pipe G, leading from the elevated reservoir H in addition to the
spring cock or valve 6 and filter I, is the cock K for controlling the flow.
Directly under the jet orifice is placed a small metal tube L which fits in a
groove in a block C¹ (asphalte brick metallic lead or iron or other material which
is a poor conductor of sound vibrations) and is held in place so as to permit its
adjustinent by a button Fl. The upper end of the tube is covered with a
diaphragm or membrane M (preferably thin sheet rubber).
The tubes E L are so adjusted that the jet from the former (E) plays upon the
centre of the diaphragm and that the said diaphragm is in the continuous part of
the stream not far from the point where, if allowed to fall freely, it would of itself
be broken up into drops under the influence of the greatest disturbance to which
it is likely to be subjected.
In figure 2 the tube L conveys the sound waves produced in the confined air by
the varying impact of the jet upon the membrane M into the space in front of the
diaphragm Q. The stretched wire R is attached in any ordinary or suitable way to
the center of this diaphragm opposite the mouth of tube L. S is a hearing tube for
enabling the person using the telephone to receive messages transmitted mechanically
from the distant station over the line wire R.
In Figure 3 the line wire R is connected with the vibratory plate B so that the
vibrations of the wire are communicated to the jet and through it and the
diaphragm M are transmitted to the air in the tube L. The flexible tube N conveys
the sounds to the ear of the listener.
The vibrations of the plate B imparted to it by sounds in the neighbourhood or
by other means are transmitted along the wire to the distant station. Thus this
apparatus like that of Figure 2 is both transmitter and receiver but unlike that it
receives through the jet instead of transmitting through it and transmits instead
of receives in the ordinary way. The apparatus at the distant station or stations
may be duplicates of those shewn in Figures 2 and 3 but it is not essential that
they should be such.
If it be desired to equip a line with both jet receivers and jet transmittors this
can easily be done. The jet receiver of Figure 3 may receive vibrations com-
municated through the stretched wire from the jet transmitter of Figure 2.
The hearing tube S (Figure 2) or N (Figure 3) is supported on the end of arm 7
when not in use. The weight of this tube Ssuffices to draw down the arm against
the tension of spring 9 and close the cock 6 so as to shut off the flow. When the
tube S is removed the spring opens the cock and allows the jet to resume its
action.
It is evident that the sound conveying tubes of Figures 2 and 3 can be extended
and form a speaking tube of any convenient length, the stretched wire or stretched
wire and diaphragm Q being omitted or not as desired.
In Figure 2 there are really two lines first the sound conveying tube L and
second the stretched wire R which latter is thrown into vibration indirectly by the
sounds conveyed through the former. The wire may however be vibrated directly
as shewn in Figure 3b wherein the jet plays directly upon the button in the centre
of the diaphragm Q with which the wire R is connected. In this figure the jet
tube E is horizontal instead of vertical and as in Figure 1 it is perpendicular instead
of parallel to the plane of the vibratory plate B. P¹ is a pipe for carrying off the
water The other parts are as before described.
The apparatus of Figure 3* is the same so that of Figure except that the
vibratory plate B is fastened at the upper end only to a block C" instead of at
both ends and that the jet tube is secured thereto by staples, also that the tube L
is fastened by straps instead of by buttons.
In Figure 4 the stretched wire and telephone line of previous figures is replaced
by a body of liquid confined in a pipe T and communicating with the jet liquid.

page_text: The vibrations from the distant station impressed upon the liquid by the sound
waves striking against a diaphragm 25 in the bell mouth 26 are transmitted
through the liquid in the pipe T and throw the jet at the receiving station into
vibrations. These are rendered audible in the tube N. It is evident that the tube
Nmay also contain a liquid and also that it may be extended to any suitable
distance.
In transmitting sounds through fluids and specially through liquids it is desirable
to use pipes of metal or glass, or other hard elastic material since soft material
such as rubber very readily absorbs the vibrations.
In Figure 5 the jet acts to vary the pressure of electrodes in constant contact or
in other words the jet plays upon the very light preferably mica diaphragm of a
contact telephone or battery transmitter W. The electrodes are shown included
in a local circuit with the battery and primary of an induction coil while the.
secondary of the induction coil and the telephone receiver X are included in
the main line. This is the usual arrangement at stations of electric telephone
lines and is therefore shown. Other known or suitable arrangements could be
adopted. In this figure the automatic cock 6 is utilized as a switch for opening
and closing the circuit of the local battery the spring contact 20 being provided in
addition to those shewn in Figure 1.
In Figure 6 the jet tube E is attached to the free end of a light spring Y of the
flat,kind The spring is provided with an armature which bears very lightly upon
the pole of permanent magnet Z provided with a bobbin on its pole piece. Electric
undulations or vibrations in the bobbin throw the jet into corresponding vibrations
and these may be received as sound through the tube N.
It is obvious that the jet could be made to impart vibrations to the operative
devices of other telephone transmitters and could be thrown into vibration of any
of the known forms of telephone receiver or more broadly that it could be made to
vibrate or could be vibrated by any known or suitable means for transforming
atmospheric or mechanical into electrical vibrations or to transform the latter into
the former. It is obvious also that the jet acted upon by the receiver could operate
a transmitter and thus form part of a telephone relay The instruments shewn
in Figures 3. 4 and 6 may be considered as relays reproducing the vibrations
transmitted through one line (the wire R Figure 3 the liquid of pipe T Figure 4 or
the electric circuit in Figure 6) into another (the sound conveying tube N in said
figures) As shown the reproduced vibrations are transmitted for a short distance
(the length of tube N) but it is obvious that they could be transmitted further
(ie. by increasing the length of said tube) It is also obvious the vibrations of the
body of confined air in tube N could be further transmitted by any instrument so
placed as to be acted upon by vibration as for example any telephone mechanical
or electric, having the diaphragm in the position of that marked QFigure 2
Further the jet could operate directly upon the transmitter as for example in
Figures 1 & 3b.
In the instruments hereinbefore described the jet tube is carried by a vibratory
support B through which the vibrations are communicated to the jet tube and jet
but this is not essential for the vibrations may be communicated directly to the jet
tube or to the jet. In a mechanical telephone the stretched wire could be attached
directly to the jet tube E as it practically is in Figure 3. The vibrations could be
communicated directly to the jet by sounds uttered or produced in the neighbour-
hood thereof and these sounds could be directed or concentrated by a funnel or bell
mouth 30 (Figure 8) as or shortly after it leaves the orifice in the jet tube.
preferred a rangement is shewn in Figure 9 where the jet is enclosed in a glass
tube 31 and the bell mouth 30 communicates with aaid tube. The speaker talks
into the bell mouth.
A
The jet could also be. thrown into vibrations by a diaphragm or plate or
vibrating body in contact with the liquid behind the jet. This is shewn in
Figure 7 wherein the liquid on its way to the jet tube E passes through

page_text: a chamber 35 of which the front wall is formed by a vibratory plate or
diaphragm 36. It is also shewn in Figure 4 but in that case the diaphragm 25
was at some distance.
Figure 10 shows the jet applied to vibrate a mirror 37 upon which a beam of
light or other radiant beam is allowed to fall. The beam is thus thrown into
corresponding vibrations which may be rendered audible by any suitable photo-
phonic receiver with or without the introduction of electricity.
In Figure 11 the radiant beam is concentrated by a reflector 39 upon the jet
tube E which is coated internally with lamp black at 38 so as to absorb the radiant
energy. This receiver may be used with the transmitter shewn in Figure 10 or
with other photophonic transmitter. It is preferred to use air or other gas with
this instrument.
The jet plays upon the end of a metal tube L¹ in which a small orifice is
provided. The tube is adjusted so that the orifice is in the axis of the jet. The
jet communicates its vibrations to the air confined in the tube L' and the sound
conveying tube N which communicates with the tube L'. To prevent the air
blowing into the ear of the listener the bell mouth at the end of the tube N
is provided with a diaphragm 50.
The air to be supplied to the jet tube may be compressed by any suitable means
which yield a constant or approximately constant pressure notwithstanding the
constant escape. The means shown in Figure 12 for example may be used. The
apparatus shown in this figure is to be used at one end of a speaking tube T; a
similar apparatus being used at the opposite end. Compressed air or gas under
pressure is supplied to the tube T from the collapsing bag 60 through the tube G.
A weight 61 on top of the bag creates the pressure. The bag is filled when
exhausted or whenever desired by means of the bellows 62 having its nozzle
connected with a prolongation of the tube G. The air escapes in a jet from the
orifice in tube E which communicates with the tube T. The jet plays upon the
perforated end of the tube L' and the sounds are conveyed to the ear of the
listener through the tube N. The tube T is provided at the end with a bell
mouth 26 closed by a diaphragm 25. On talking to the diaphragm 25 at either
end of the tube T it impresses its vibrations upon the confined air which in turn
throws the jets at both ends of the line into vibrations corresponding thereto.
These vibrations are in turn communicated through the confined air of tubes L¹ N
to diaphragms 50 and the ears of the listeners.
000
It is found that a pressure equal to three-sixteenths (18) of an inch of water
behind the jet orifice gives good results but I have found a pressure equal to
ths of an inch to answer very satisfactorily, the orifice being about 8ths of
an inch in diameter and the tube upon which the air jet plays having an orifice
of Bay One twenty-fifth (15) of an inch in diameter and being distant from the jet
orifice one inch or thereabouts. Of course these figures are variable.
Instead of duplicating the apparatus at the distant station other suitable
transmitting and receiving apparatus may be used thereat.
In Figure 13 the jet plays upon the diaphragm M¹ of an Edison phonograph The
jet as shewn is adapted to respond to vibrations passing along the stretched wire R
but it may evidently be vibrated in any suitable way. Speech or other sound may
thus be recorded. It is evident that the jet may be used to reproduce recorded
speech also that it could be used in rendering sound vibrations visible by means of
a suitable instrument such as a phonautograph.
In Figure 13 the apparatus is designed for use with a liquid jet but it may
evidently be modified for use with a gas jet. In all the foregoing (except the.
apparatus shewn in Figures 11 and 12 wherein it acts upon confined air,) the jet
has been allowed to act upon a solid body and the vibrations of said body have
been conveyed through a body of confined air or other line such as a stretched wire
electric current radiant beam and the like but neither of these conditions is essen-
tial the jet may act upon fluids and the vibrations may be received through the

page_text: atmosphere. Sounds (including articulate speech) may be so magnified as to be
audible over a room in which the receiving instrument is placed.
In Figures 14 and 15 an air jet from the tube E plays upon a gas flame 70.
Preferably the burner 71 is of the pin hole kind and is arranged with the axis
of its flame perpendicular to the direction of the air jet. The jet being produced
under the conditions stated with reference to Figure 12 and the burner having a
circular orifice about the size of the jet orifice the combustible gas (ordinarily
illuminating gas) may issue therefrom under a pressure of one eighth (*) of an inch
of water and the jet may bear upon the flame just below the apex of the blue or
inner cone.
In the case of gas (air) jets it is found desirable to exclude the outer part of the
jet and allow the centre only to act upon the device to be acted upon. This is
effected in the apparatus shewn in Figure 12 by the shape and size of the end of
tube L With the apparatus of Figures 14 and 15 the separation is of course not
effected. In Figure 14 the jet is vibrated by the varying attraction of an electro
magnet Z as in Figure 6. In Figure 15 the vibrations are communicated to the
jet fluid by means of a diaphragm 25 as in Figures 4 and 12. The jet might also
be vibrated by impressing the vibrations upon the supporting plate B¹.
The jets can be enclosed in a vacuum or partial vacuum. Thus in the apparatus
shown in Figure 3b where the jet is in an enclosed chamber the air may be with-
drawn therefrom through the pipe P¹ the pressure of the water to supply the jet
being regulated to compensate for the absence of back pressure.
When the jet is to vibrate a body such as a diaphragm it is desirable to prevent
the accumulation of liquid thereon as this interferes more or less with the trans-
mission of the vibrations and the apparatus shown have therefore been 80
constructed or arranged that the liquid will immediately run off. It is not con-
sidered necessary to show jet translating apparatus which respond only to tones
or which are capable of utilization only for special purposes, the articulating jet
translating apparatus as it may be called being the best embodiment of the
invention.
A large number of fluids may be used to make the jet but water free from particles
in suspension among liquids and air among gases are suitable for general purposes.
When a gas is used it may be desirable in order to secure adjustment to render the
jet visible as by the introduction of smoke.
Referring to Figures 16 to 31-Figures 16-28 illustrate different forms of
appliances for including a part of the jet in circuit so that vibrations impressed
upon the jet will be translated into electric undulations or vibrations in the circuit.
Figure 29 is a perspective view of a telephone station apparatus comprising a jet
translating apparatus as the transmitter Figure 30 a view of the same from the
the opposite side and Figure 31 a detail view shewing on a larger scale how the
jet tube and electrodes are supported. Figures 16, 17 and 18 represent forms of
transmitter in which the current to be varied is passed through a portion of the
jet at or near the jet orifice-Figures 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 show transmitters in
which a portion of the jet at a distance from the orifice is utilised-Figures 24
and 25 show an arrangement which mercury is used as the jet liquid Figures 26,
27 and 28 show forms of transmitters in which the jet fluid forms part of the
internal circuit of a battery.
In Figure 16 the glass jet tube A is provided with a side tube B fused on to it
which is connected by means of a rubber tube C with the source of liquid The
upper end of the jet tube A is closed by a hard rubber stopper D through which
passes an electrode E in the form of a metallic rod preferably of platinum reaching
almost to the orifice. On the outside of the tube A is a second electrode F in the
form of a coating of platinum which extends up to the edge of the orifice The line
wires are connected to the electrodes E. F respectively.
The liquid used should be a conductor of electricity Dilute sulphuric acid
(say one volume of strong sulphuric acid free from lead mixed with 300 volumes of

page_text: water) answers well-It is introduced by the supply tube C under a suitable head
or pressure and escapes in the form of a jet from the circular orifice in the end of
the jet tube A-A pressure of 4 feet of water with a jet orifice of Tooths of an inch
diameter answers well.
With each size of jet orifice a different pressure is required Generally it may be
said that the jet is in suitable condition when it is visibly affected by a moderately
high whistle made with the mouth-The electrode E is adjustable being held in
place by friction and can be set experimentally to give the best results in any case
but ordinarily it is found best to have the end about one twentieth of an inch from
the bottom of the jet tube-It will be understood that the dimensions before given
as well as this distance may be varied within considerable limits and that the
Invention is not confined thereto-It may also be said here to avoid repetition that
the dimensions given answer well with the other forms of apparatus but for the
apparatus of Figures 22 and 23 a small jet say from an orifice about thirteen
thousandths (80) of an inch under a head of eighteen (18) to twenty (20) inches
of water is preferred.
A galvanic battery or other sufficiently constant source of electricity is included
in circuit with the electrodes and with the jet liquid between them-If now
vibrations of any kind be communicated to the jet tube or to the liquid behind the
jet or even directly to the jet itself close to but outside the orifice the said
vibrations will effect a change in the resistance between the electrodes-The
variation in resistance throws the electric current into corresponding vibrations
and these electrical vibrations or undulations may be rendered evident in any suit-
able receiving instrument included in or connected with the circuit in any ordinary
or suitable way. For transmitting speech an ordinary receiving or magneto:
telephone may be used it being preferably included in the same circuit with the
transmitter as hereinafter described with respect to Figures 29 and 30.
The liquid is allowed to run off it matters not where. It should not be allowed to
form a by path to the electric current-It will be most convenient to collect it in a
glass vessel.
In Figure 17 the outer coating of platinum is dispensed with and the jet is
allowed to strike on the summit of a metallic rod placed close to the orifice-This
constitutes the opposing electrode F. an ebonite cup G with an escape pipe serves
to collect and carry off the jet liquid-The current is passed from electrode E
through the jet liquid to electrode F.
In Figure 18 the jet tip is metallic preferably of platinum and serves as the
electrode E-The jet strikes on the surface of the liquid in the vase H from which
it is carried off by the side tube by which its level is kept approximately constant
The second electrode is plunged into the liquid in this vase-Platinum is recom-
mended for the electrodes but other metals may be used-If the metals employed
are such as may be chemically acted upon by the jet liquid under the influence of
the current it is desirable that the current should have such a direction that the
electrode within the jet tube may be least acted upon.
It has already been mentioned that when a jet strikes a flat surface it spreads
out over the same in the form of a thin film and that the vibrations of the jet are
preserved in this film. When a jet of not too small diameter strikes against the
surface of a smooth plate as for example a plate of glass very near its edge, it is
reflected the reflected portion taking the form of a thin sheet having a band of
troubled liquid on each side. This thin sheet is continuous for a certain distance,
beyond which it breaks into drops-If a second flat surface be introduced into
this sheet it will be found that the contact of the liquid with it takes the form
of a sharply defined line on each side of which the liquid flows away as a film over
the surface.
In the jet film formed in free air as above described the jet vibrations are also
perfectly preserved.
Figure 19 shows an apparatus for transmitting a current through the film-The
electrode E is a pointed strip of platinum foil to which one line terminal is con

page_text: nected The jet strikes very near the pointed tip and is reflected on to the opposing
electrode F in the form of another strip-This latter is so narrow that it only
comes into contact with the jet film and not with the columns of disturbed liquid
on each side of it.
Figure 20 shows an apparatus by which the strip electrodes may be held in
position and the distance between them varied so as to change the internal
resistance The electrode F is attached to a plate of ebonite I. Aanother plate of
ebonite K is attached to the plate.I at right angles-The middle portion of the
plate K at its base is cut away In a groove on the upper face of said plate K is
an ebonite slide L-The electrode E is fastened on the upper face of the slide with
its tip projecting below the lower end thereof-By adjusting the position of the
slide the distance between the electrodes can be regulated.
The plates are shown tipped up so that the line of their intersection is oblique to
the jet This is for the purposes of illustration Ordinarily they would be so placed
that the line of intersection would be at right angles They may however be tipped
up as shown.
In Figure 21 the jet strikes upon the upper sharp edge of an insulating partition M
which divides the ebonite vase or vessel H into two portions The electrodes E
and F are immersed in the liquid in the two halves of the vase By means of
overflow pipes the level of the liquid is kept constantly below the upper edge of
the partition M The transmitter represented in figure 22 is composed of a simple
piece of ebonite N (which may conveniently have the shape shown) through which
pass the electrodes E. F in the form of platinum wires The ends of these wires are
cut off flush with the top of the ebonite plug which is slightly rounded. The jet
fluid in spreading out over the upper end of the plug completes the circuit between
the electrodes. It is advisable that these wires should come into contact only with
the jet film and not with the troubled liquid surrounding it. Hence when very
small jets are employed these wires must be fine and the distance between their
exposed ends very small whereas when large jets are used they may be of larger
diameter and pretty widely separated.
In Figure 23 the electrode E in the form of a wire passes through the centre of
the ebonite plug, while the upper cylindrical end N is surrounded by the electrode F
in the form of a tube of platinum foil. The jet is allowed to strike upon the
exposed end of the electrode E and spreading out to make contact with the
enclosing electrode F. It is desirable that the upper edge of the electrode F
should be in contact only with the jet film. Hence for small jets the diameters of
the electrodes must be small. In Figure 23 the enclosing electrode F instead of an
enclosing tube may be a ring of gas carbon or of any metal which may or may
not be chemically acted on by the jet liquid.
Figures 24 and 25 shows form of apparatus for use with mercury jets. In
Figure 24 one electrode E dips into the mercury in the upper reservoir P and the
mercury after flowing through the supply tube C and jet tube is received as a jet
in the small metal cup which constitutes the second eletrode F.
In Figure 25 the mercury jet strikes against the summit of the electrode F
which is a rod of platinam or gas carbon.
Figures 26 27 and 28 show transmitters in which the jet fluid varies the internal
resistance of a galvanic cell. Each transmitter being composed of two metals
which together with the jet liquid form the galvanic couple.
་
In Figure 26 electrode E.composed of the metal least acted upon by the liquid,
passes through a plug of. ebonite, glass or other insulator N so that only its upper
end is exposed. Surrounding the upper end of the electrode E but insulated from it
by a tubular prolongation of the insulating plug is the opposing electrode F
composed of a ring of the metal most acted upon. When too much corroded the
outer metallic ring may thus be easily replaced. A central wire of platinum with
an outer ring of zinc and a jet of dilute sulphuric acid (1 to 300) or of solution
of common salt, form an efficient arrangement. Care should be taken that no part

page_text: of the electrode E except its upper end, and no part of the wire attached thereto
shall come in contact with the liquid.
The wire is or may be soldered into the zinc ring, and is, or may be protected
with insulating material outside of the same.
In Figure 27 the jet strikes upon the summit of the unacted-upon element or
electrode E and spreading out makes contact with the liquid in the trough or
vase H. The element or electrode E is surrounded by a tube Q of insulating
material (ebonite) passing through the bottom of the vase H. This tube may
have a thread cut in it so that by turning, it may be raised or lowered until the
upper end of the insulating tube is slightly above the level of the liquid in vase H.
By means of the over flow the level of the latter is kept nearly constant. The
second battery element or electrode F which is attacked by the jet fluid is placed
in the vase H, and may conveniently have the form of a flat ring surrounding the
electrode E and its enclosing tube Q.
In Figure 28 the jet film makes contact between two masses of liquid each
having immersed in it one of the battery elements or electrodes. The apparatus is
composed of a vase H in which is placed the element or electrode F, which is most
corroded by the liquid. The overflow pipe keeps the level of the liquid in the vase
nearly constant. An ebonite tube R having a circular opening in the top passes
through the bottom of the vase H to such height that its summit is just above the
level of the liquid therein. The tube R communicates at the bottom by means of
a wide horizontal tube S with another tube T in which is placed the second battery
element or electrode E a solid rod of ebonite U with slightly rounded top screws
into the closed lower end of the tube R and may be adjusted so that its outer edge
is barely below the circular orifice at the top of the said tube R. It is made of
such diameter that it leaves a very narrow annular opening at the top of tube R.
The jet plays upon the summit of the ebonite rod U and spreading out makes
contact between the liquid inside the tube R and the liquid surrounding it. Thus
neither element comes in contact with the jet film which is not disturbed by the
escape of gases from their surface.
It will be understood that the apparatus shown in Figures 27 and 28 could be
used with electrodes of non-corrodible material in connection with an exterior
battery.
Figures 29, 30 and 31 show a form of complete apparatus adapted for use on a
telephone circuit, Figure 29 being a back view with battery connections etcetera―
Figure 30 a front view and Figure 31 representing a convenient method of
mounting the transmitter. V is the backboard or support of stout wood having
fixed to it above, the reservoir W, and below the reservoir X. Near its base an
aperture six inches square is cut, and over the back of this aperture the sounding
board Y is fastened by screws. This sounding board is conveniently made of thin
(inch) pine varnished. Washers of soft rubber are placed between it and the
back board or support at the four corners so as to keep it from contact with the
support except at these points. To this sounding-board the jet tube is attached.
A separate sounding board may however be dispensed with inasmuch as the
support especially if not too thick, may well serve the purpose of imparting
vibrations to the transmitter.
The vulcanite plug. with the electrodes E. F as described with reference to
Figure 23 is cemented into the lower end of a glass tube 1 which is fastened by a
band of thin brass or by other suitable means to the sounding board. A side
branch of this tube which is bent downwards serves to carry off the liquid from
the transmitter. The jet tube A is fixed in the upper part of the tube 1. This
may be easily effected as follows. The jet tube A is first provided with a ball
shaped collar 2 of hard rubber of such size as to slide stiffly inside the tube. It
may then be forced into such a position that the jet issuing from the jet tube
strikes the centre of the plug below, and that the breaking point of the jet under
the influence of the loudest sound to which it is desired to subject it does not rise
above the said plug. When this position is found-which is, with a jet thirteen-

page_text: thousandths (18) of an inch in diameter under a pressure of eighteen (18) to
twenty (20) inches, when the ends of the electrodes are from three-eighths () to
one-half () of an inch from the jet orifice the tube 1 is filled from 2 upwards with
a melted cement, made of bees wax (one part by weight), rosin (five parts) and red
ochre (one part).-
Although by this method of mounting, the vibrations due to the impact of the
jet on the transmitter are liable to be communicated back to the orifice, with the
small jets here recommended this presents no practical inconvenience.
The supply tube C leads from the bottom of the upper reservoir to the jet tube.
It is made mainly of flexible rubber tubing. In it is the valve or cock Z which
may suitably be made of ebonite. The brass arm 3 serves to open and shut this
valve. It is provided at the end with a book or fork to receive the hand telephone
or receiver 4 and is combined with a retractile-spring 5 and two spring contacts 6
and 7.
When the telephone is hung upon the arm, the latter is drawn down by the
weight and the valve is closed. When the telephone is removed the lever arm is
drawn upwards by the coiled spring 5 and the valve is opened. In the tube C
below the cock is a filter 8 (made of a piece of glass tube loosely packed with
cotton free from oily matter) and below it is the jet tube A.
The battery circuit is as follows, from positive pole of battery to electrode E
through the jet film to electrode F, through the telephone 4 to contact spring 6,
and from there when the arm 3 is up through retractile spring 5 to line, and
through a receiving apparatus at the other end of the line to earth. When the
arm 3 is down the electrical connection between contact 6 and the arm is broken
and the receiving and transmitting telephones are therefore cut out of circuit. At
the same time the arm 3 connects the main line to the contact 7 and thence
through the signalling apparatus to ground. The signalling apparatus may be
such as ordinarily used in telephone apparatus. It forms no part of the Invention.
It is not necessary to have more than one battery on a circuit.
But when two
similar transmitters are on the same circuit the battery power, or electro motive
force should be nearly double that with one only, When two batteries are used
care must be taken that the currents from both are in the same direction on
the line.
The variable resistance medium which is composed of the jet film between the
electrodes E F is placed in the main line because the variations in resistance are
80 great as to bear a considerable proportion to the whole resistance of the circuit.
Being adapted to operate in the main line it may be used at the subscribers
stations in telephone exchange systems with a battery at the central office. The
batteries at subscribers stations may thus be dispensed with.
It will be understood, however that it is not essential that it should be placed in
the main line, but could be otherwise connected with the main line.
When a current is to be varied by passing it through a mercury jet or film, the
battery and conducting wire must have the lowest resistance possible. With a
mercury transmitter it is therefore preferable to include the battery transmitter.in
a local circuit, the telephone and line wires being in a secondary circuit acted upon
inductively by the local circuit.
The plug with electrodes arranged as shewn in Figure 22 could be substituted
in Figures 29-31 for the one there shown, without further change. in the
apparatus.
Instead of the forms of apparatus shewn in Figures 22 and 23 any of the other
forms could be used in the apparatus shown in Figures 29 and 30.
Any suitable means may be used to throw the jet into vibrations. For example,
any of the means above described with reference to Figures 1 to 15 could be used;
also those next hereinafter described with reference to Figures 32 to 36.
Figure 32 shows a station apparatus for electric telephone lines in which the
jet forms part of the receiver and is vibrated by the direct action of electricity
upon the jet fluid.

page_text: Figure 33 a jet receiver for photophone lines and Figure 34 various arrange-
ments for causing the imponderable medium to act upon the jet fluid.
Referring to Figure 32 the jet tube A is supported in a groove in the block B by
means of a cross piece or strap C and is supplied with liquid (preferably water).
from an elevated reservoir through the flexible tube E a cock or other suitable
means serving to control the pressure or head.
The block B and the shelf on which the reservoir is supported are made fast to
the back board G. Immersed in the liquid, in the jet tube is the metal wire H
covered with insulating material and terminating in a ball I which is not protected.
The wire and ball are suspended from a stopper which closes tightly the upper end
of the jet tube. The best material for the ball is platinum, but other metals or.
conducting material may be used. The lower end of the jet tube at K is covered
with metal (preferably platinum) almost to the orifice in the end of tube.A, which
is of glass. The ball I and coating K are connected in secondary circuit of an
induction coil so that the liquid will be subjected to the action of high tension
currents. These being discharged through the liquid impress upon the jet
vibrations which correspond to the electric impulse. The secondary circuit shown
constitutes the inain line, and the apparatus being the same at the several stations,
undulatory currents are produced thereon corresponding in form to sound waves,.
and the vibrations impressed upon the jet are similar thereto.
As shown a telephone transmitter L of ordinary or suitable construction varies.
the circuit of a local battery including the primary of the induction coil. The
vibrations impressed upon the jet may be received in any ordinary or suitable way.
As shewn a tube M is supported by a cross piece O in a groove in the face of
block N fastened to the backboard, and the jet plays upon a membrane P of thin
sheet rubber secured over the upper end of the tube. A hearing tube Q conveys
the sound to the ear. The tubes A M are so adjusted that the continuous portion
of the jet acts upon the stretched membrane.
The discharge of the currents between the electrodes I K not only acts upon the
liquid but may also cause a vibration of the electrode I which assists in imparting
vibration to the jet.
In figure 34 the electrodes R. S are both suspended in. the liquid. They are in
the form of flat plates and are both capable of vibration.
It is not necessary that the current should be passed through the. liquid, the
electrification thereof will alone vary the jet. Thus in figures 32 and 34 an
insulating instead of a conducting liquid, as for example paraffin oil may be used,
or in Figure 1 the outer electrode may be omitted.
The
In Figure 33 are arranged to concentrate a beam of radiant energy upon the jet
at the orifice in the tube. The gas which forms the jet is or may be rendered more
absorptive of the radiant energy by charging it with water or other vapour.
beam is preferably concentrated upon the jet, but it may be transmitted to the
liquid behind the jet orifice through the transparent walls of the jet tube. The
radiant beam may be varied intermitted or thrown into vibrations similar in
form to sound waves in any ordinary or suitable way. The vibrations or forced
movements of the jet are received by the ear tube X but may evidently be received
in other ways.
In figure 35 the inner electrode T forms a coating inside the jet tube near the
jet orifice.
In figure 36 the jet tube U is of metal, and forms one terminal of the secondary
circuit of an induction coil, which circuit is at the other end, connected to ground.
The charged primary circuit of the coil is adapted to be opened and closed inter-
mittently by a rheotome, comprising a tuned reed 1, connected with one terminal
of the circuit, and a contact spring 2 connected with the other terminal.
In both these devices the electrification of the liquid causes the vibration of the
jet without assistance from a vibratory device or devices immersed in the jet liquid,
although there may be a mechanical vibration imparted from one or both electrodes.

page_text: It is evident that a vibrating device immersed in a jet fluid can be used to vibrate
the jet by mechanical vibrations alone.
In operating with the apparatus, shown in Figures 32, 34 and 35 a liquid of low
conductive capacity (high resistance) is preferred. An insulating liquid such as
paraffine oil might however, be used; with the apparatus shewn in Figure 36 an
insulating liquid is preferred.
Referring to Figures 37 to 54--Figures 37 38 and 39 are respectively front
elevation, back elevation and vertical section in a plane at right angles to those of
figures 37 and 88 of a telephone station apparatus; Figures 40 to 46 are detail
views of the same; Figure 47 a partial view in back elevation, partly in vertical
-section of a modified form of the apparatus; Figure 48 a detail view of the same;
Figure 49 a back view partly in section illustrating a third form of the apparatus
and Figures 50 and 51 front and back views of a station apparatus of still
another form.
A is the case or box B the vibrating plate or diaphragm, C the lower reservoir,
D the upper reservoir, E the jet tube, F the filter, G the pipe between the filter and
the jet tube, H the filter supply pipe between the filter and the upper reservoir,
I the compresser K the air pipe L the telephone support M the plug in which the
electrodes of the jet transmitter are fixed and N the ordinary hand telephone.
Referring to Figures 37-46 the lower reservoir C communicates with the upper
reservoir D directly by the pipe P, and indirectly through said pipe P, the pipe Q,
the filter F and the pipe H. The pipe P reaches nearly to the bottom of the lower
reservoir, passes through an hermetically sealed joint in the top of said lower
reservoir and enters the upper reservoir by a lateral branch which extends to the
highest level at which it is desired that the liquid stand in the upper reservoir.
Into the top of the pipe P, the pipe Q extends (see Figure 46) It is slightly
smaller exteriorly than the bore of pipe P and extends below the point where
the branch 1 joins the main pipe, so that the communication with the branch outlet
is through the contracted space around the pipe Q. A section of soft rubber
tube 2 fits over the ends and makes a close joint between the two pipes so that
they form practically one pipe in form of a syphon with a contracted outlet into
the upper reservoir from the upper part or bend of the syphon. The pipes H and Q
enter the upper part of the filter F, while the pipe G communicates with the lower
part of the same. The filter is preferably made of a rubber cylinder (see figure 42)
bored out so as to leave one end in one piece with the sides and closed at the other
end by a screw cap 3, a soft rubber disc 4, being placed inside the same in order
to make a close joint. Inside the cylinder are two perforated discs 5 of hard
rubber, the lower one resting upon the ring 6 of hard rubber. The space between
the discs is filled with cotton wool or other suitable filtering material.
The pipes
are sealed into the upper part of the cylinder by surrounding them with cement.
The pipe H is bent over at the top so as to enter the top of the upper reservoir,
passes nearly to the bottom of said reservoir, then rises obliquely nearly to the top.
It is closed at the end by the moveable cap R, which fits loosely over the oblique
end of the tube H, and is free to turn thereon. The object of bringing the
tubes P, H, in at the top of the reservoir is simply to avoid making joints in
the sides or bottom which are expensive to make and besides are apt to leak. The
object of carrying the tube H. nearly to the bottom of the reservoir is to seal the
end of the cap R by the liqnid in the upper reservoir and thus avoid the necessity
of making a close joint between it and the tube H.
The object of the cap R is to convert the tube H into a syphon which can be
sealed and unsealed by moving said cap. The tube H with its downward and
upward bends, which are not essential to an operative apparatus but are very
desirable for the reasons stated, form the descending leg of the syphon; the tube 7
projecting laterally from the cap R, forms the short or ascending leg of the same.
When the cap is turned so as to raise the tube 7 out of the liquid as shewn in
figures 38 and 39 the syphon is unsealed and no liquid will flow into the tube H,
when however, it is turned so as to bring the tube 7 into the position indicated in

page_text: dotted lines, the liquid is syphoned into the tube H, provided, of course, air is not
trapped in the cap R, or the upper bend of the pipe H. The tube 7 is connected
with the telephone support L by the rod 8 which slides in and is guided by a
groove in the wall of case A. The lower end of the rod 8 is bent outward and
passed through a hole in the inner end of the telephone support. The tube 7 is
attached by a wire 9 or other suitable connection to a horizontal arm at the top of
rod 8. When the hand telephone is suspended from the outer end of the support L,
the latter is in the position shown in full lines, figure 38 its inner end bearing
against the fixed stop 14, and the tube 7 is lifted out of the liquid. When it is
removed the support turns on its centre 10 into the position shown in dotted lines
figure 38 and the tube 7 drops into the liquid as shewn in dotted lines figure 39
provided the stop 11 is out of the way, as shown in dotted lines figure 38. This
moveable stop 11 is formed of a bent lever pivoted to the case and is normally retained
in the position shown in full lines figure 38 by the spiral tension spring 12, the short
arm of the lever resting against the fixed stop 13. The stop 11 is removed out of the
path of the telephone support, by depressing the lever S which movement compresses
the bag I. The rod 15 whose lower end is bent outward and passed through a hole
in lever S has a horizontal arm 16 at the upper end which strikes the short arm of
stop 11 when drawn down. The bag I of flexible or soft rubber rests upon the
shelf 17 and has a hole in the bottom through which the pipe K enters. This pipe
has an interior ‘flange at the top inside the bag and is provided on the outside with
a screw thread which is engaged by the nut 18. This nut bears against the under-
side of shelf 17 and serves to clamp the material of the bag between said flange
and the upper surface of the shelf, or what is preferable, between said flange and a
disc inserted between the bottom of the bag and the upper surface of the shelf.
A tight joint around the air pipe is thus made-Inside the bag is a spiral
compression spring for extending it when released. Above it is a flat plate or
follower connected by rods 15 and 19 with the lever S. As shown the rods are
screw-threaded and provided with nuts which engage the follower. As shown also
the rod 19 has at the bottom a loop which fits over the projecting end of rod 15;
which end is threaded and provided with a nut for retaining the parts in place.
Of course these details are entirely immaterial, and can be changed at will. On a
branch 10 of the pipe K is supported the air inlet valve 20. It is a simple check
valve, closing upward. It is shewn in detail in figure 40. It is made preferably of
hard rubber. The lower end of the air pipe K enters the lower reservoir by a close
joint. The pipe T, for returning the liquid to the reservoir C after it has passed
the jet tube and electrodes, enters the reservoir by a close joint and is provided at
the bottom with a hard rubber check valve 21 Figure 45 closing upward. The mode
of making a tight joint between the tubes and the glass reservoirs is preferably as
follows: (see figure 45)-The pipes KT are cemented into the disc 22, or they may
partly be made in one piece therewith. The reservoir is cast with a screw-threaded.
neck, 23, which is engaged by the screw cap, 24, which clamps the disc in place.
A soft rubber washer is interposed between a flange on the disc 22 and the top of
the neck 23. The pipe P is or may be cemented into a similar disc held in place
by a screw cap and sealed by a rubber washer.
Before proceeding further, it will be well to describe the operation of the
apparatus explained. When it is desired to use the telephone the lever S is
depressed. This movement compresses the bag I and forces the air which is
prevented from escaping by the check valve 20, into the upper part of reservoir C.
The pressure of this confined air forces the liquid through the pipe P. A part of
this liquid passes through the branch pipe 1 into the upper reservoir, but the larger
portion passes on through the tube Q into the filter F which it fills, and thence
through the pipe H and cap R into the upper reservoir. A small part of the liquid
from the filter also is delivered through the pipe G to the jet tube E. The liquid
in the lower reservoir C is prevented from passing up the waste pipe T by the check
valve 21, at its lower end. While the lever S is held down, and while consequently
the pipes P, Q, H, filter F and cap R are all full of liquid, and while also the stop 11

page_text: is out of the way, the hand telephone N is removed from its support L, which
immediately turns and allows the tube 7 to drop into the liquid. The syphon
between the upper reservoir D and the filter F, by way of the pipe H, is now
complete, and the liquid will run out of the upper reservoir as fast as necessary to
supply the jet. After the syphon has been sealed by the dropping of the tube 7
it is no longer necessary to hold down the lever S. On releasing it the bag I
expands, the air pressure in the reservoir is relieved and air also enters through the
valve 20. The relief of the air pressure in the lower reservoir allows the liquid
which has collected in the pipe T to run out into the reservoir. It also allows the
liquid in pipe P to descend-If so much liquid has been forced in to the upper
reservoir that its level is above the end of branch pipe 1 the excess is sucked back
into the lower reservoir. The pipe P thus acts as an overflow. The ingress of air
through the branch 1 after the liquid level in the upper reservoir has been lowered
sufficiently, prevents the pipes P, Q, acting as a syphon and returning the liquid
into the lower reservoir.
On replacing the hand telephone on its support the weight thereof lifts the tube 7
out of the liquid in the upper reservoir and stops the flow of liquid to the jet tube.
The jet tube E is slipped into a flanged carrier 27, which it fits tightly enough to
be retained in position by friction. This carrier is confined by a screw cap 28
which clamps the flange.
The parts are arranged (see figure 43) so as to allow a small sidewise adjustment
to the carrier. A glass tube 29 surrounds the jet tube. It is cemented to the
cap 30 at the top and the cap 31 at the bottom of the same, and is fastened by
the metal band 32 to the diaphragm B. The plug M is tapped into the side wall
of the cup, and is adjustable across the jet by turning it The inner end of the
plug is levelled.
The electrodes are formed by wires which are fixed in small holes
in the end of the plug and terminate at the bevelled surface. They pass through
the hollow of the plug which is filled with cement 33 and then closed by the
stopper 34. The outlet or waste pipe T, communicates with the lower part of the
cup. One electrode is connected by wire with the binding post 36 to which one
line wire is led the other electrode is connected through the wire 37, hand tele-
phone N, and wire 38 with the contact spring 39. The telephone support L is
made of conducting material and operates as a switch, being permanently connected
through the spring 40 and wire 41 with the binding post, to which the other line
wire is led. The fixed stop 14 is or may be connected by the wire 43 with a
binding post not shown in Figures 37 and 38 but represented in Figures 50 and 51
to which the branch containing the call bell or other signalling apparatus is led.
The arrangement of contacts and circuit connections, it may be observed, is a
common one, and of course may be changed without affecting in any way the
present invention.
To prevent the removal of the telephone from its support except when the lever S
is depressed so as to allow the telephone support to turn a locking lever 44 pivoted
to the case is connected with the telephone support by a link 45, so arranged that
the locking lever is turned at a greater angular velocity than the telephone support.
When therefore, the parts are in the position shown in dotted lines the telephone
can easily be removed; but so long as the stop 11 is interposed to prevent the
telephone support from turning the hand telephone cannot be removed. In
operation the jet strikes the bevelled end of the plug M. and the liquid spreads
over the same in a thin film and completes the circuit, between the electrodes.
The vibrations impressed upon the jet by talking to the diaphragm B or otherwise,
produce corresponding variations in the resistance of the circuit between the
electrodes and consequently throw the battery current in said circuit into corre-
sponding undulations. As shown the transmitter and the receiver (or hand
telephone) are both included in the main circuit, and this arrangement is preferred
because the internal resistance of the transmitter is very great. Water lightly
acidulated with sulphuric acid as herein before described to render it conductive, is
preferably used as the jet liquid.

page_text: Instead of having the cap R turn upon the inclined end of the tube H the cap
could slide lengthwise of the tube-In this case it would be unnecessary to have
the side tube, the cap itself constituting the short ascending leg of the syphon.
This construction is shown in Figure 47 the end of the tube H being vertical and
the cap R attached directly to the rod 8; so that it is lifted to unseal the syphon
and stop the flow whenever the hand telephone is placed in its support. The object
of the arrangement of pipes PQ, H in figures 37, 38, and 39 is to avoid the use of
a check valve to prevent the return of the liquid to the lower reservoir. By the
use of such a valve a less number of pipes can be used. For example the pipe V
provided at the bottom with a downwardly closing check valve, 50, delivers the
liquid into the upper part of the filter F (see figures 47 and 48) and said liquid is
then forced into the upper reservoir D through the pipe H. An over flow pipe W
is provided for returning any excess of liquid to the lower reservoir.
Instead of having the ascending leg of the syphon moveable for the purpose of
sealing and unsealing the syphon when desired, a valve can be provided for admit-
ting or excluding air from the bend of the syphon for the same purpose. As
shown in Figure 49 the branch pipe 51 communicating with the bend in the pipe H
terminates within the cup 52 which is mounted on the telephone support and
contains sufficient mercury in the bottom to seal the end of the tube when the
telephone support is in its highest position as shown. When the telephone support
is drawn down by the weight of the hand telephone the end of the branch pipe 51
is exposed and air can enter the end and stop the syphonage.
At 53 is a check valve closing upwards to prevent the liquid from being forced
over into the mercury cup.
In the apparatus of figures 50-54, the telephone support controls a valve which
is shewn in detail in figure 53.
It is placed on the jet supply pipe G the two parts of which are screwed into
the hard rubber block provided with an inlet passage 56 and an outlet passage 57,
and set in the front wall of the telephone case, being retained in place by the
screw ring 58. A disc 59 of hard rubber faced with soft rubber 60 fits in the end
of the block and closes the end of the inlet passage 56 whenever it is forced
inward. A disc 61 of soft rubber is screwed over the end of the block X being
clamped firmly at the edges by the screw ring 58. A follower 62 bears upon the
outside of disc 61. It is carried by a spring arm 63 fastened at the lower end to
the case A and provided with an incline 64 on the outside so that when the hand
telephone is placed on its support, the latter being carried over said incline, forces
the follower inward and closes the valve-When the hand telephone is removed the
retractile spring 65 turns the telephone support and releases the valve so that the
liquid can flow through pipe G to the jet tube.
It is necessary however to compress the bag I by pushing in the rod Y before
the telephone support can turn sufficiently to release the valve because the
triangular piece 67 pivoted to the inner end of the telephone support strikes the
said rod Y, except when the latter is pushed in so as to bring the contracted
part 68 in the plane of its movement. The rod Y affords no hindrance to the
movement of the telephone support in the opposite direction because when the
triangular piece, strikes the rod in moving upward, it will turn on its pivot in
order to pass. The filter supply pipe enters the upper reservoir through the
bottom. The check valve 20 is placed at the bottom of a pipe 70 which com-
municates with the upper part of the reservoir D. In this pipe is an air chamber 71
in the form of a rubber ball. In this apparatus there is no communication, with
the outer air, all the joints being hermetically sealed and consequently all evapo-
ration and liability of dust to enter are avoided.
The jet tube is fixed in the upper end of the tube Z Figure 54 by cement.. The
plug M is cemented into the lower end of said tube, waste pipe T entering the side
of the same at the level of the top of the plug. In this waste pipe T a small hole
is made at 72 to let the gases set free by the electrolysis escape into the upper part
of the reservoir C.

page_text: Referring to Figures 55 to 64-Figure 55 is a face view in sectional elevation
of a telephone station apparatus in which the jet liquid is forced through the jet
orifice by compressed air, Figure 56 a sectional elevation on line xx Figure 55
looking to the right Figure 57 a sectional view on line y y, Figure 56 looking
upward, and Figures 58 and 59 detail views in horizontal and vertical section
respectively. Figure 60 is a central vertical section of another form of compresser
which may be used instead of that shown in Figures 55, 56 and 57. Figure 61 is
a back view (with the back of the telephone case removed of another form of station
apparatus, Figure 62 a sectional elevation on the vertical center line of Figure 61
looking to the right, Figure 63 a partial view in sectional elevation in a plane
parallel to that of Figure 61 but looking in the opposite direction, and Figure 64
a detail view in horizontal section.
A is the box or case in which all the parts are placed. Referring to Figures 55-59
there is a collapsible air tight bag B of soft rubber, whose bottom is fastened by
cement or otherwise to the back of case A, and whose top is similarly fastened to
the spring actuated follower C. The follower is guided in its movements by pins 1
fixed in the partition 2 and projecting into holes in the posts 3 on the follower.
These posts are preferably allowed a certain freedom of movement to prevent
binding, the screws which pass through the follower and into the lower part of the
posts not being driven in so as to keep the posts rigid. A spiral compression
spring D surrounds each post and tends to force the follower C to the back of
case A and thus compress the bag B. To withdraw the follower against the
pressure of the springs it is connected by the lever 4 and chain 5 with the flanged
wheel 6 on shaft 7. The partition 2 is fastened to the back of case A by the.
standards 8 which have retaining nuts at the ends. The lever 4 is fulcrumed in
the lower end of link 9 whose upper end is pivoted to the stationary piece 10 on
the partition 2. The connection between the follower C and lever 4 is made.
through the bridge piece 11, which is fastened to the follower, and to which the
lever is pivoted. The chain 5 is wound upon the wheel 6 by turning the shaft 7
through the crank 25. Stops 12 are provided to limit the motion.
When the follower C is moved to expand the bag B, air enters the latter by way
of the valve 13, coupling 14, pipe 15, and tubular coupling, 16. This tubular
coupling 16 has a flange on the inner (left hand Figure 56) end, which is inserted
in a hole in the top of the bag B. A cap 18 is screwed on the outer end of the
coupling and bearing upon the outer end of the sleeve 17 clamps the rubber of the
bag between this flange and the inner end of said sleeve. An exterior flange on
the sleeve rests upon the follower. The valve 13, see figure 58 has a light disk 24
for closing the inlet opening when the bag B is compressed, but opening freely when it
is expanded.. The valve is preferably inclined so that the disc is slightly out of the
vertical. Gravity thus acts to close the valve, while at the same time the disc does
not have to be lifted bodily but only tilted in order to open it. When the bag B
is compressed by the springs D the air is forced under pressure through the
coupling 16, pipe 15 coupling 14, chamber of valve 13, pipe 19, pressure governor E
and pipe 20 into the upper part of the reservoir or chamber F. This chamber
contains the jet liquid, which as soon as pressure is applied to the surface thereof,
mounts through the filter G and pipe H to the jet tube I. The pressure governor E
has a diaphragm 26 of thin sheet rubber, which is clamped at the edges and has
attached to it a flat metal disc 27, and also a pin 28 whose end (right hand,
figure 59) is enlarged to form the pressure regulating valve. The pin passes through
the centre of the diaphragm 26 and disc 27 which are clamped together by the
nut 29 and small disc 30 on said pin. The pin projects through the case of the
governor and is acted upon by the short arm of the weighted lever 31 in
the direction tending to open the valve. The lever 31 is fulcrumed on the back
of the governor case, and the weight 32 is adjustable on the long arm thereof.
The outer end of this arm plays in the slot 33 in an angle piece or bracket on
partition 2. In front of the pin 28 is a spiral compression spring 34 which tends
to close the valve, .

page_text: The pressure of the air on the jet side of the pressure regulating valve, against.
the governor diaphragm establishes an equilibrium between the antagonistic forces
of the weight 32 and spring 34. The reservoir or chamber F is formed as shown
in the lower half of a box (say of hard rubber) and is cut off from the chamber K
by the horizontal partition 35. This arrangement is preferred to that of a separate
box for each chamber, because more compact; but it is not essential. The filter G
consists of a cylinder (say of glass) cemented into the partition 35, fitted with
cotton wool or other suitable filtering material, and closed at the bottom by a
perforated plug of hard rubber.
The jet tube I is set in a cup 37 and closes the upper end of the glass protecting
tube 38 whose lower end is set in the hard rubber base 39. The jet tube is
adjusted by the four set screws 40, so that the jet plays fairly on the electrodes set
in the base 39, and the said jet tube is then retained in that position by filling the
cup 37 with liquified cement which hardens on cooling. The electrodes consist of
a metal wire 41 which passes axially through a teat in the centre of the base 39,
and a metal ring 42, which surrounds the upper end of said teat and is insulated
by the same from the enclosed electrode 41. The jet plays upon the central
electrode and spreads out in a thin film which makes contact with the annular
electrode and completes the circuit between them.
The waste pipe 43 carries the liquid which runs off the electrodes into the upper
chamber K, from which it passes through the pipe 44 into the lower chamber F
when the air pressure on the latter is relieved. When pressure is applied the
bottom of the pipe 44 is closed by the valve disc 45 which at other times is
supported on pins projecting inward from the ring 46 secured on the lower end of
said pipe. The electrode 41 is connected by the wire 47 with the spring contact 48.
The electrode 42 is connected by the wire 49 with one terminal of the hand
telephone L the other terminal being connected by wire 50 with the binding
post 51, with which one end of the line wire is connected. The other end of the
line wire is connected with binding post 52, and this, through the wire 53 with the
sliding switch 54, which is attached to the partition 2 by screws passing through
slots in the switch, and is shifted by the cam 55 on the shaft 7 acting against one
of the edges 56. The spring contact 57 is connected by wire 58 with the binding
post 59 to which the branch wire containing the signalling apparatus is led. From
the pipe 20 a branch pipe 60 extends to the bottom of the case and is there closed
by the valve 61 which is formed by a projection on the telephone support M.
A spring 62 keeps the valve closed except when the telephone support is drawn down,
as it would be by the weight of the hand telephone when the latter is suspended
therefrom.
.The liquid used is preferably distilled water acidulated with about one part in
three hundred by volume of pure sulphuric acid. To prevent the liquid from
splashing when the apparatus is carried, a valve 63 is provided for closing the
pipe 20 and also a screw plug 64 for closing the opening through which the upper
chamber communicates with the outside air.
The face of the telephone case is provided with a mouth piece 65 behind which
is fastened a vibratory plate or diaphragm N of wood. It is fastened at the four
corners (see Figure 56, also Figure 62) to the face of the case, a washer being
interposed. At the back of the plate or diaphragm is a bridge 66 which bears
against the tube 38 and assists in communicating the vibrations to the jet. The
operation is as follows:-
After the central office or another station has been called in any ordinary or
suitable way, the operator turns the crank 25, and before releasing it takes off the
hand telephone from its support, so that the branch pipe 60 is closed by valve 61.
The line which previously included the signalling branch is now completed (pro-
vided the crank has been released) through the switch 54, contact 48, electrode 41,
the included part of the jet, electrode 42 and the hand telephone L. On releasing
the crank 25, the springs D compress the bag B and (the valve 13 closing auto-
matically) force the air through the pressure governor E, and the connected pipes

page_text: .
and couplings into the chamber F. The compressed air forces the liquid through
the jet tube I and causes the jet to play upon the inner electrode and spread in a
film over the outer one. Speech uttered or other sound made in the vicinity of
the mouth piece 65 will be reproduced in the hand telephone L in consequence of
the variations in current due to the vibrations imparted to the jet, and the con-
sequent variations in the resistance of that part of the circuit included between the
electrodes. When the operator has finished talking the hand telephone L is
replaced on its support M, opening the valve 61 and allowing the air to escape
rapidly from the bag B. The jet soon stops and the liquid all runs back into the
lower chamber F. When the air has about all escaped the switch 54 is shifted by
the rotation of the cam 55 into the position shewn in figure 55, whereupon the
telephonic instruments are cut out of the circuit.
The compressor shewn in Figure 60 resembles a gasometer, the edges of the
bell P being sealed with mercury instead of water. The bell slides in the enclosing
cylinder 70 which fits tightly at the bottom in an annular groove in the base 71.
The shell 72 in an annular form also makes a tight joint with the base at its lower
edges. The mercury is enclosed between the outer wall of the shell 72 and the
enclosing cylinder 70. In the middle of the bell is a tubular chamber 73 which
fits within the shell 72, and in which is placed the spiral compression spring D
and also at the lower end thereof, the valve disc 74 and its seat 75. The com-
pression spring is confined between the valve disc 74 and the top 76 of a box in
which the compresser is placed and of which the base 71 forms the bottom.
The chain 5 is fastened at its lower end to the said disc. When the chain is
wound upon the wheel 6 it first lifts the valve disc from off its seat and thus
establishes free communication through the valves between the external air and
the interior of the bell P. When the valve has been lifted from its seat the
flange 77 on the valve disc engages the flange 78 on the seat, and lifts said seat
and consequently also the bell P to which the valve seat is fastened. When the
crank on shaft 7 is released the first effect of the spring D is to close the valve and
then to force down the bell P so as to expel the air under suitable pressure through
the pipe 79 which may convey it to the reservoir F with or without passing
through the pressure governor.
The compressor shewn in Figures 61, 62 and 63 is formed by a drum Q mounted
loosely on the shaft 80, and provided with an annular space at the periphery, in
which is a body 81 of mercury which acts as a fluid piston. The shaft 80 is
journaled in stationary bearings and is provided at the front end with a crank
arm 25 for turning it by hand. At the back end a disc 82 is fixed on the shaft
and also a barrel or holder 83 for the spring D, which is, as shewn in these figures,
a volute spring like that of a clock or watch. The inner end of this spring. is
fastened to the sleeve of the barrel and the outer end to a pin fixed in the pendant
bracket 84, in which the rear end of the shaft is journaled. The drum Q has a
pin 85 which plays in a slot in the disc 82. The shaft is capable of a slight
movement independent of the compressor drum. Advantage is taken of this free
movement to operate the valve 86, so as to open or close the outer end of the
pipe 87.
.
The valve is attached to the outer end of an arm 88 fixed on the shaft 80.
When the shaft is turned in the direction to wind the spring D, the valve is lifted
away from the end of pipe 87 before the drum Q is turned by the upper end of the
slot striking the pin 85. When crank 25 is released the spring turns the shaft
independently until the valve 86 is pressed against that end of the pipe 87 where-
upon the pressure against the said pipe turns the drum also.
The annular space of drum Q is not continuous but is divided at one point by
the partition 89. The pipe 87 opens into the annular space (see Figure 63) on
what may be called the compression side of the mercury, as it is on this side that
the air is compressed. The annular space on the other side of the mercury is
always in free communication with the external air through the pipe 90. The

page_text: At 95 is a
object of curving the pipes 87 and 90 is to prevent escape of the mercury. The
pipe 20 leading to the chamber or reservoir F passes through an opening in
the shaft 80, and communicates with the pipe 87 near its outer end.
counter balance weight. When the shaft 80 is turned (to the right as shewn in.
Figure 63) the movement first lifts the valve 86 and then rotates the drum Q. As
the drum rotates, the air is expelled through the pipe 90 from the space in front of
the mercury, and is drawn through the pipe 87 into the space behind it. When
about two-thirds of a revolution have been made the crank 25 is released, and the
spring D, which is now wound, turns back the shaft 80 until the pipe 87 is closed
by the valve 86, and then turns the drum Q (to the left as shewn in Figure 63).
The air which has been drawn in through the pipe 87 having no escape except
through the pipe 20 into the chamber F is compressed until its pressure against
the partition 89 balances the tension of the spring D. This pressure is then main-
tained constant the air escaping and the drum turning just as fast as the liquid is
forced from the reservoir F through the jet tube I. The rest of the apparatus is
the same as, or so nearly like that shewn in Figures 55 and 56, that no further
description is necessary, except to state that the switch 54 is shifted in the
direction to cut out the telephonic instruments by the pin 92, and in the direction
to connect them in circuit by the pin 93 both on the drum Q and that the
spring 94 on the switch which the end of the pin 93 rubs against acts as a brake
when the spring commences to unwind, to prevent the drum Q being carried
with the shaft 80, until the valve 86 has been pressed firmly against the end of
pipe 87.
It is evident that the invention may be applied in whole or in part in various
other ways and also that parts of the invention may be used separately.
Specific details of forms proportions and dimensions have been given to enable
the Invention more readily to be practised, and it should therefore be understood
that they are given merely by way of example.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. In the reproduction of speech the improvement consisting in translating
from one vibratory medium to another through a jet, sonorous vibrations similar in
forin to the sound waves of the spoken words, substantially as described.
Second. The method of translating from one medium to another, vibrations
similar in form to sound waves, by impressing the vibrations of the former upon a
jet and causing the jet to impress the same without destruction of their form upon
the second medium, substantially as described.
Third. In the reproduction of speech and other sounds, the improvement con-
sisting in translating or transferring the sonorous vibrations of one. medium into
another through a fluid jet, substantially as described.
Fourth. The method of transmitting speech and other sounds by throwing upon
a line, sonorous vibrations corresponding in form to the speech or other sound
waves and causing the sonorous vibrations transmitted to impress themselves
through a jet upon a vibratory receiving medium, substantially as described.
Fifth. The improvement in transmitting speech and other sounds consisting in
causing a sensitive jet, to impress upon the medium constituting the line, vibrations
similar in form to the sound waves, substantially as described.
Sixth. The improvement in transmitting speech and other sounds consisting in
transferring the sonorous vibrations of one line to another through a vibratory jet,
substantially as described.
Seventh. The method of reproducing speech and other sounds by impressing
corresponding vibrations upon a jet and causing the latter to impress upon the
atmosphere vibrations similar in form thereto, whereby the vibrations are rendered
audible substantially as described.

page_text: Eighth. The method of impressing vibrations similar in form to sound waves
upon a vibratory medium through a jet, by impressing the vibrations upon the jet
fluid near the jet orifice and making the continuous portion of the jet at its outer
part act upon said medium substantially as described.
Ninth. The method of transferring the vibrations of a jet to a vibratory medium,
whereby the same may be made evident by receiving the impact of the continuous
portion of the jet upon a vibratory body, constituting or connected with said
medium, substantially as described.
Tenth. The method of throwing a jet into vibrations corresponding to sound
waves by impressing similar vibrations upon the device or material in which the
jet orifice is formed substantially as described.
Eleventh. The improvement in transmitting intelligence, consisting in impressing
upon a jet, vibrations representing the message or signal to be transmitted and
causing the said jet to act upon a vibratory medium connected with or forming
part of the line substantially as described.
Twelfth. The improvement in transmitting intelligence consisting in throwing
upon a line vibrations representing the message or signal to be. transmitted and
causing the said vibrations to impress themselves upon a jet which acts upon the
receiving medium substantially as described.
Thirteenth. The improvement in transmitting intelligence consisting in throwing
upon a line, vibrations representing the message or signal to be transmitted,
causing the said vibrations to impress themselves upon a jet and causing the said
jet to act upon a vibratory medium connected with or forming part of a second
line or constituting a continuation of the former substantially as described.
Fourteenth. The improvement in transmitting intelligence consisting in acting
over one line upon the fluid of a jet and causing the latter to act upon another line
or continuation of the former line substantially as described.
Fifteenth. The combination with a line for the transmission of intelligence of a
jet translating apparatus substantially as described.
Sixteenth. The combination with a line for the transmission of speech and other
sounds of a jet translating apparatus comprising means for translating or transferring
from one medium to another through the intermediary of a jet, vibrations similar
in form to sound waves, substantially as described.
Seventeenth. The combination with the jet producing means of a device
arranged in the path of said jet, and means for transferring to a second device or
confined medium the movements of said former device under the varying impact
of the jet substantially as described.
Eighteenth. The combination with jet producing means of a vibratory plate or
sounding board adapted to copy the vibrations of sound waves and forming
a support to the device, provided with the jet orifice, substantially as described.
Nineteenth. The combination with jet producing means and means for impressing
vibrations, similar in form to sound waves, on the jet, of means for subjecting a
receiving medium to the action of the continuous portion of the jet produced
substantially as described.
Twentieth. In an apparatus or system for transmitting speech and other sounds,
a small stretched membrane of flexible elastic and extensible material, such as soft
vulcanized thin sheet rubber in combination with means for concentrating the
impressing vibrations in the centre of such membrane substantially as described.
Twenty first. A jet translating apparatus, having the parts arranged as explained
so that the vibratory medium to be impressed will be acted upon by the continuous
portion of the jet, substantially as described.
Twenty second. The combination with devices for producing a jet and impressing
vibrations thereupon, of isolating means for excluding the influence of foreign
vibrations on said jet, substantially as described.
Twenty third. In a jet translating apparatus, the jet tube, in combination with
a vibratory support by which the same is carried substantially as described.

page_text: Twenty fourth. The combination with a vibratory plate or diaphragm of a jet
tube carried thereby substantially as described.
Twenty fifth. The combination with the means for producing a jet and imparting
vibrations thereto, of a sound-conveying tube and a membrane or diaphragm at
one end of said tube in the path of the jet, substantially as described.
Twenty sixth. The combination with the means for producing a jet and imparting
vibration thereto of the sound-conveying tube and the membrane or diaphragm at
the end of the tube, said membrane or diaphragm being arranged as explained so
as to be acted upon by the continuous portion of the jet substantially as described.
Twenty seventh. In a system or apparatus for producing, reproducing, trans-
mitting, recording or rendering visible sonorous vibrations, the combination of a
vibratory plate or diaphragm, and the jet tube carried thereby with the means for
receiving and conveying the vibrations of said jet substantially as described.
Twenty eighth. The combination with the jet tube and means for supplying
fluid thereto, of an automatic cock for cutting off the flow when the apparatus is
not in use substantially as described.
Twenty ninth. The combination of a vibratory plate, a jet tube carried thereby,
a sound-conveying tube, and a membrane or diaphragm at the end of said tube in
the path of the jet, substantially as described.
Thirtieth. The sound-conveying tube having a thin membrane of elastic material
such as a sheet of rubber stretched over the end in combination with means for
causing a sensitive jet to play on said membrane, substantially as described.
Thirty one. A transmitter of sonorous vibrations containing a fluid jet for
amplifying the same without substantial loss of character as set forth.
Thirty second. In an apparatus for transmitting sonorous vibrations by means
of a fluid jet, the combination with the jet tube and the tube for supplying liquid
to said jet tube, of a filter for removing bubbles or solid particles from the jet
liquid, substantially as described.
Thirty third. The automatic cock and switch, comprising in combination a cock
or valve, an operating arm provided with a hook or fork at the end, a retractile
spring and electrical contacts substantially as described.
Thirty fourth. The method of producing electrical vibrations in a conductor by
impressing corresponding vibrations upon a jet connected with the charged con-
ductor and by the variations in the electric condition of the jet, altering the
current or charge in the conductor connected with it, substantially as described.
Thirty fifth. The method of producing electrical vibrations similar in form to
sound waves, by impressing the sonorous vibrations upon a conducting jet having
the continuous portion thereof included in a charged .conductor and thereby
varying the current or electrical charge in the said conductor, substantially as
described.
Thirty sixth. The method of producing electrical vibrations in a conductor, by
producing a jet of a liquid adapted to serve as the excitant in a galvanic couple,
causing said liquid to complete the circuit between the elements of a galvanic
couple, connected with said conductor, impressing the vibrations upon said jet and
thereby varying the current charging said conductor substantially as described.
Thirty seventh. The method of producing undulations in an electric current, by
causing a jet of conducting liquid to play upon a body in the path of the jet so as
to spread the jet liquid in a film, impressing vibrations upon the jet before it is
spread into a film and communicating the vibrations to the current from the
vibrations in the film substantially as described.
Thirty eighth. The method of producing undulations in an electric current by
impressing vibrations upon a jet, of conducting liquid at a suitable point, and
communicating similar vibrations to the current directly from the jet fluid at
a part of the jet further removed from the orifice substantially as described.
Thirty ninth. In combination with means for producing a jet, electrodes for
including a portion of the jet so produced in an electric circuit substantially as
described.

page_text: Fortieth. In combination with means for producing a sensitive vibratory jet,
electrodes for including a continuous portion of said jet in an electric circuit
substantially as described.
Forty first. In combination with means for producing a vibratory jet, electrodes
arranged both at a distance from the jet. orifice for including a portion of said jet
in an electric circuit, substantially as described.
Forty second. In combination with means for producing a jet, a device arranged
in the path of said jet, and means for including in circuit the film which spreads
out over said device substantially as described.
Forty third. Electrodes constituting elements of a voltaic couple in combination
with means for producing and directing a jet of an excitant liquid so as to com-
plete the circuit between the electrodes through a portion of the jet substantially
as described.
Forty fourth. In combination with means for producing a jet, a conductor or
electrode and means for putting the conductor in electrical connection through
a body of liquid with the jet liquid substantially as described.
Forty fifth. The combination, with means for producing a jet, of the conductors
or electrodes embedded in a plug of insulating material and arranged to be
connected through the jet, substantially as described.
Forty sixth. In an electric-speaking telephone transmitter, the variable resistance
medium composed of a conducting fluid in constant flow in combination with
electrodes for including such fluid in circuit, substantially as described.
Forty seventh. The combination with a telephone transmitter having a con-
ducting fluid in constant flow as the variable resistance medium of a battery,
a receiving telephone and a telephone line substantially as described.
Forty eighth. The method of impressing forced movements upon jets by sub-
jecting the jet fluid to the direct action of an imponderable medium such as
herein before named substantially as described.
Forty ninth. The method of impressing forced vibrations upon a jet by sub-
jecting the jet fluid to the direct action of an imponderable vibratory medium
upon which the desired vibrations have been impressed substantially as described.
Fiftieth. The improvement in transmitting speech and other sounds and signals
consisting in causing an imponderable medium to act directly upon the fluid com-
posing a jet and thereby impressing upon said jet forced movements representing
the intelligence to be conveyed, substantially as described.
Fifty first. The improvement in transmitting or transferring forced movements
from an imponderable medium to another medium consisting in impressing said
movements upon a jet composed of a liquid by the direct action of said imponderable
medium upon the jet liquid and causing the jet to act upon the second or receiving
medium substantially as described.
Fifty second. The method of impressing forced movements or vibrations upon
a jet by electrifying the jet fluid in a variable manner substantially as described.
Fifty third. In transferring forced movements or vibrations from one.medium
to another, the improvement consisting in producing a jet with a liquid and
electrifying in a variable manner the jet liquid, substantially as described.
Fifty fourth. The method of impressing forced movements or vibrations or a jet,
by discharging a variable current of electricity through the jet fluid, substantially
as described.
Fifty fifth. The method of impressing forced movements or vibrations or a jet
by vibrating a device or devices immersed in the jet fluid, substantially as
described.
Fifty sixth. The method of impressing forced movements or vibrations on a jet
by variably electrifying the jet fluid and at the same time and in a corresponding
manner vibrating a device or devices immersed in the jet fluid, substantially as
described.
Fifty seventh. In transmitting speech and other intelligence by jets, the im-
provement consisting in subjecting the jet fluid near the jet orifice to the direct

page_text: action of an imponderable vibratory medium, such as specified, and causing the jet
to act upon the receiving medium at a distance from the jet orifice, substantially
as described.
Fifty eighth. In a jet translating apparatus, the combination with means for
producing a jet, of means for subjecting the jet fluid to the direct action of an
imponderable vibratory medium, substantially as described.
Fifty ninth. In a jet translating apparatus, one or more electrodes included in
circuit with a transmitter of vibrations, in combination with means for producing
a jet, said electrodes being in contact with the jet fluid, substantially as described.
Sixtieth. The combination with the jet tube of a vibratory device or devices
placed in said tube, for communicating vibrations to the jet fluid substantially as
described.
Sixty first. The combination with the jet tube of one or more electrodes placed
in said tube, substantially as described.
Sixty second. The combination with the jet tube, and supply tube of one or
more electrodes arranged to be in contact with the jet fluid, the line or circuit
connected therewith and a transmitter in the said line or circuit, said electrodes
operating to impress vibrations upon the jet from said tube according to the
variations in potential on the electrodes, substantially as described.
Sixty third. The combination with the jet tube, the upper and lower reservoirs,
and the air and liquid pipes, of the compressor for forcing the liquid from the
lower into the upper reservoir, the hydrostatic column between the reservoirs
giving the pressure required to force the liquid through said jet tube, substantially
as described.
Sixty fourth. The combination with the jet tube, and the upper and lower
reservoirs, of the pipes, connecting the upper and lower reservoirs, and the
compressor and air pipe, one of said liquid pipes being arranged to act as an
overflow to return any excess of liquid to the lower reservoir when the air pressure
is relieved substantially as described.
Sixty fifth. The combination with the jet tube, and the upper reservoir of a jet
supply pipe in the form of a siphon, and a movable cap or its specified equivalent
for sealing and unsealing said siphon, substantially as described.
Sixty sixth. The combination with the upper and lower reservoirs, the liquid
pipe leading from the lower reservoir, the compressor, the jet tube and the siphon
pipe for supplying liquid to said jet tube, of the movable cap, or its specified equiva-
lent for sealing and unsealing said siphon and the stop removable in the act of
operating said compressor substantially as described.
Sixty seventh. The combination with the reservoirs, the connecting pipe or
pipes for conveying the liquid from the lower to the upper reservoir, the com-
presser, the jet tube and the device for controlling the flow to said jet tube, of the
stop for preventing the movement of said device, removable in the act of operating
said compresser, substantially as described.
Sixty eighth. The combination with the upper and lower reservoirs, the com-
presser, the pipes and the jet tube of the device for controlling the flow of liquid
to said jet tube, and the movable telephone support connected with said device for
operating the same automatically substantially as described.
Sixty ninth. The combination of the upper and lower reservoirs, the pipes, the
compressor, the jet tube, the device for controlling the flow to the jet tube, the
moveable telephone support and the removable stop, substantially as described.
.. Seventieth. The combination with the moveable telephone support, the com-
presser and the movable stop, of the lock for preventing the removal of the hand
telephone from its support, until the latter has been shifted, substantially as
described.
Seventy first. The combination with the reservoirs, pipes, compresser and jet
tube, of the device for stopping the flow to the jet tube, the telephone support,
the movable stop and the lock for retaining the telephone on its support, substan-
tially as described.

page_text: Seventy second. The combination with the jet tube and the upper and lower
reservoirs of the compresser, the upright pipe, leading from the lower reservoir,
and communicating with the upper reservoir through a contracted opening and;
the siphon forming a continuation of said upright tube and serving to supply
liquid to the jet tube, substantially as described.
Seventy third. The combination with the jet tube, the upper and lower.
reservoirs and the compresser, of the siphon for supplying the liquid to the jet
tube, and the pipe leading from the lower reservoir, and communicating with the
descending leg of said siphon, substantially as described..
Seventy fourth. The filter composed of an upright cylinder filled with filtering
material, in combination with the upper reservoir, the pipe descending therefrom
and opening into the filter, the jet tube and the pipe between the jet tube and said
filter, said pipes being sealed into the top of said cylinder and opening into said
filter, one at the top and the other, after passing through the filtering material in
the cylinder opening into the bottom thereof, substantially as described.
Seventy fifth. The combination with the jet tube, the upper and lower reservoirs
and the pipes of the compresser, formed of a collapsible bag, and provided with a
check valve in a branch of the air pipe outside of said bag, substantially as
described.
Seventy sixth. The combination with the jet tube and its flanged carrier, of the
screw cap for retaining the jet tube in place by clamping said flange, substantially
as described.
Seventy seventh. The combination with the jet tube of a plug having electrodes
set therein and adjustable at right angles to the tube, substantially as described.
Seventy eighth. The screw plug having the electrodes set therein, substantially
as described.
Seventy ninth. The plug having the electrodes set therein, said electrodes
passing through a hollow in the plug which is filled with cement, substantially as
described.
Eightieth. The combination with the upper reservoir, the jet tube and the
syphon pipe for supplying liquid to said tube, of the cap free to turn on the end
of said pipe, and provided with a lateral pipe which forms the ascending leg of
the syphon, substantially as described.
Eighty first. The combination of the jet tube, reservoir and supply pipe of the
spring actuated air compressor, and the pipe connecting the same with the said
reservoir substantially as described.
Eighty second. The combination of the spring actuated air compressor, the
pressure governor and the connected pipes with the liquid reservoir, the jet tube
and the jet supply pipe substantially as described.
Eighty third. The combination with the reservoir, the jet tube, the jet supply
pipe, and the means for impressing vibrations on the jet, of a source of compressed
air communicating with said reservoir to force the liquid through the jet tube,
substantially as described.
Eighty fourth. The combination of a source of compressed air and the liquid
reservoir with the filter, the jet supply pipe, and the jet tube through which the
liquid in said reservoir is forced and the means for impressing vibrations upon the
jet substantially as described.
Eighty fifth. The combination of the reservoir, the jet supply pipe, the jet tube
and the source of compressed air with a receiver for the liquid after it has formed
the jet.
Communicating with the aforesaid reservoir through a check valve, sub-
stantially as described.
"
Eighty sixth. The combination with the electrodes, the jet tube and the jet
supply pipe of a reservoir for containing the jet liquid and a source of compressed
air for forcing it through the jet tube, substantially as described.
Eighty seventh. The combination with the jet tube for producing a sensitive
vibratory jet, and the reservoir and supply pipe for supplying liquid to said jet, of
j

page_text: a source of compressed air for forcing the liquid through the jet tube, and a valve
for letting out said air, when desired to stop the jet, substantially as described.
Eighty eighth. The combination in a jet transmitter apparatus with the source
of compressed air for producing the jet, of the telephone support and the valve
controlled thereby for releasing the air when opened, substantially as described.
Eighty ninth. The combination with the spring actuated air compressor, of an
electrical switch connected with the same, substantially as described.
Ninetieth. The combination with the air compressor and the electrical switch
connected thereto, of the movable telephone support and the valve controlled
thereby for releasing the compressed air and causing the switch to be shifted on
releasing the hand telephone substantially as described.
Ninety first. The combination with the jet tube and its holder or cup, of the set
screws bearing against the sides of said tube for adjusting the position of the same
substantially as described.
Ninety second. A telephone station apparatus, comprising in combination with
the hand telephone, the automatic electric switch and telephone support, a trans-
mitting instrument, composed of a diaphragm or vibrating plate, a jet tube to
which the vibrations of said plate are communicated, electrodes arranged in the
jet, a spring actuated air compresser, a reservoir for the jet liquid, a receiver for
the liquid, after it has passed through the jet and the connecting pipes and valves,
substantially as described.
Dated this fifteenth day of Santember 1888