IMPROVED AGGLOMERATED METALLO-GEMMIFERES METALS OR FOR WORKING METALS, STONES, ROCKS, AND SIMILAR APPLICATIONS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paulin Gay of Boulevard Saint Denis 1 at Paris Civil
Engineer for an Invention of IMPROVED AGGLOMERATED
METALLO-GEMMIFERES
METALS OR
FOR WORKING METALS, STONES, ROCKS, AND SIMILAR
APPLICATIONS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paulin Gay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1883.
PAULIN GAY of Boulevard Saint Denis N° 1, at Paris-Civil Engineer
"IMPROVED AGGLOMERATED METALS OR
FOR WORKING
METALLO-GEMMIFERES
METALS, STONES, ROCKS AND SIMILAR APPLICATIONS
"
The object of this invention is the manufacture of grinding polishing, abrading,
and dressing tools and implements of various kinds suitable for the general work of
extracting and working stones, for tunnelling, well sinking or boring and for
grinding, polishing or similarly acting upon metals, glass, and other substances,
mineral vegetable or animal. The invention is based upon the mixture of an
agglutinating or agglomerating substance with a hard crystalline substance or with
a substance of a nature capable of grinding or abrading another substance.
Several methods of manufacturing the new materials for making the tools or
implements by the incorporation of a mineral substance or a substance of great
hardness with a metallic agglutinating substance can be followed.
1 Case. For the agglomeration of crystalline substances, quartz, emery, &. the
agglutinating substance is melted in a crucible or cupola and then a quantity of the
sand or powder is added, the sand or powder having been previously heated to
prevent its cooling the agglutinating substance. Thus when it is required to mako
a grindstone for example 1 heat the mould which receives the metal mixed with
said and by means of a hydraulic or hand press or other suitable device I produce
great pressure so as to effect the desired result. With regard to the mixture of tho
abrading sand with a molten metal 1 throw into the apyrous vessel which contains
the latter a quantity of highly heated sand or emery and I stir the mixture which,
at first liquid, soon passes to a pasty state. It is then quickly put into heated
moulds and submitted to the action of a press, the exce-s inetal escaping through
vents or holes so that a good result is obtained that is a material of suflicient
keenness or which is a good mordant.

page_text: 2nd Case. For manufacturing with agglomerating substance in hard metals such
as brass iron steel &c. the mixture is made as above described but the compression
can be effected either by the press or by a forge hammer the piece to be obtained
being submitted to several heats if necessary.
3rd Case. I can obtain the mixtures of the mordant with highly heated metals
so as to produce successive stratifications of metal and mordant which I afterwards
hammer, reheating if necessary, and again hammering.
4th Case. I can also make use of a rotary arrangement that is to say a mould
capable of being rotated as soon as it contains the substances for the manufacture,
the liquid metal being placed near the centre and the mordant at the periphery.
The centrifugal effect resulting from the rotary motion will cause the liquid substance
to pass to the mordant into which it will easily penetrate especially if the latter is
coarse, and finally the cooling of the metal taking place the coarse crystals of the
mordant will be agglutinated.
5th Case. I can also modify the preceding case as follows:-The mould will
receive cold a well proportioned mixture of agglomerating substance in a pulverulent
state or filings, with the crystals of the mordant and then the mould will receive a
jet or pass under a layer of cast metal in fusion so that the agglutinating material
will be submitted to a fusing or nearly fusing temperature which with the aid of
the compression will fix in place the respective parts as they were originally
placed cold.
6th Case. When it is wished to lay or incorporate a mordant upon saw blades or
other tools, I beat the piece to be coated in a furnace and I spread the mordant
thereon fixing it by passing it under a weighted roller or between the rolls of a
rolling mill. This last method can be applied cold on sheets of soft metal such as
lead for example.
7th Case. I can employ a pile for the agglutination of the mordant by small
superposed plates which are afterwards soldered.
8th Case. I can also employ vegetable substances and particularly paper in pulp
or in successive sheets on which I lay a coating of paste to make the mordant
adhere thereto and when all the sheets are regularly super-posed I submit them to
great pressure.
All artificial grindstones hitherto made have been intended exclusively to act on
metals because the agglomerating substance employed is not adapted for acting on
stone. Now as I wish to be able to act on stone as well as on metal or other
substances I have sought for agglomerating materials which will best answer the
purpose. I have found that the best agglomerating materials are metals and these
1 employ either separately or in combination. For this purpose I run or place the
previously mixed mordant and agglomerating material into moulds the form of
which will depend upon the result desired, and I obtain molecular aggregation by
hot or cold compression according to the nature of the metal receiving the
incorporation of the mordant which may be quartz, emery or other gemmiferous
substance or any other suitable substance, natural or artificial.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Paulin Gay in the Patent Office on the 17th April 1884.
PAULIN GAY of Boulevard Saint Denis 1, at Paris Civil Engineer " IMPROVED
AGGLOMERATED METALS OR METALLO-GEMMIFERES FOR WORKING METALS, STONES
BOCKS AND SIMILAR APPLICATIONS"
The object of this invention is the manufacture of grinding, polishing, abrading
and dressing tools and implements of various kinds suitable for the general work of
extracting and working stones for tunneling, well sinking or boring and for
grinding, polishing or similarly acting upon metals, glass and other substances,
mineral, vegetable or animal. The invention is based upon the mixture of an
agglutinating or agglomerating substance with a hard crystalline substance or
with a substance of a mixture capable of grinding or abrading another substance.
Several methods of manufacturing the new materials for making the tools or
implements by the incorporation of a mineral substance or a substance of great
hardness with a metallic agglutinating substance can be followed.
1 Case. For the agglomeration of crystalline substances, quartz, emery & the
ngglutinating substance is melted in a crucible or cupola and then a quantity of
the sand or powder is added, the sand or powder having been previously heated to
prevent its cooling the agglutinating substance. Thus when it is required to make
a grindstone for example I heat the mould which receives the metal mixed with
sand and by means of a hydraulic or hand press or other suitable device I produce
great pressure so as to effect the desired result. With regard to the mixture of the
abrading sand with a molten metal I throw into the apyrous vessel which contains
the latter a quantity of highly heated sand or emery and I stir the mixture which,
at first liquid, soon passes to a pasty state. It is then quickly put into heated
moulds and submitted to the action of a press, the excess metal escaping through
vents or holes so that a good result is obtained, that is a material of sufficient
keenness or which is a good mordant.
2nd Case. For manufacturing with agglomerating substance in hard metals such
as brass, iron, steel &. the mixture is made as above described but the compression
can be effected either by the press or by a forge hammer the piece to be obtained
being submitted to several heats if necessary.
3 Case I can obtain the mixtures of the mordant with highly heated metals so
as to produce successive stratifications of metal and mordant which I afterwards
hammer, reheating, if necessary, and again hammering:
4th Case. I can also make use of a rotary arrangement that is to say a mould
capable of being rotated as soon as it contains the substances for the manufacture,
the liquid metal being placed near the centre and the mordant at the periphery.
The centrifugal effect resulting from the rotary motion will cause the liquid
substance to pass to the mordant into which it will easily penetrate especially if
the latter is coarse, and finally the cooling of the metal taking place the coarse
crystals of the mordant will be agglutinated.
5th Case. I can also modify the preceding case as follows:-The mould will
receive cold a well proportioned mixture of agglomerating substance in a pulverulent
state or filings, with the crystals of the mordant, and then the mould will receive.
a jet or pass under a layer of cast metal in fusion so that the agglutinating material
will be submitted to a fusing or nearly fusing temperature which with the aid of
the compression will fix in place the respective parts as they were originally placed.
cold.
6th Case. When it is wished to lay or incorporate a mordant upon saw blades
or other tools, I heat the piece to be coated in a furnace and I spread the mordant

page_text: thereon fixing it by passing it under a weighted roller or between the rolls of a
rolling mill. This last method can be applied cold on sheets of soft metal such as
lead for example.
7th Case. I can employ a pile for the agglutination of the mordant by small
superposed plates which are afterwards welded.
8th Case. I can also employ vegetable substances and particularly paper in pulp
or in successive sheets ou which I lay a coating of paste to make the mordant
adhere thereto, and when all the sheets are regularly superposed I submit them to
great pressure.
All artificial grindstones hitherto made have been intended exclusively to act on
metals because the agglomerating substance employed is not adapted for acting on
stone. Now as I wish to be able to act on stone as well as on metal or other
substances I have sought for agglomerating materials which will best answer the
purpose. I have found that the best agglomerating materials are metals and these
I employ either separately or in combination. For this purpose I run or placo the
previously mixed mordant and agglomerating material into moulds the form of
which will depend upon the result desired, and I obtain molecular aggregation by
hot or cold compression according to the nature of the metal receiving the
incorporation of the mordant which may be quartz, emery or other gemmiferous
substance or any other suitable substance; natural or artificial.
Having now described the nature of my said invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that I claim :—
The improved agglomerated metals or
metallo-gemmiferes" manufactured
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described.
In witness whereof I tho said Paulin Gay have hereunto set my hand and scal
this fifteenth day of April One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
Witness:
ALBERT CAHEN
Civil Engineer
of Boulevard Saint Denis 1
at Puris
TACHIA VAT
MIND