Improvements in and relating to Shop Saws.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1894
Improvements in and relating to Shop Saws.
We, WILLIAM WESTLEY HOLMES, Machinist, and CHARLES FREDERICK
QUINCY, Gentleman, both citizens of the United States of America, and residing,
respectively, at 413 East Forty-sixth Street, and 412 North State Street, in the
City of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois, one of the United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a power-driven hack-saw embodying our
invention, one of the side brackets removed to show the automatic feed
mechanism.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same, partly in section, to show the connection
of the saw frame with the carriage.
Figure 1 is a side view, in elevation, of the hack-saw shown in Figure 1,
illustrating structural modifications.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the carriage slide, and base or table, the saw
carriage and frame having been broken off above the line x-x, Figure 1ª.
Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the carriage shown in Figures 1ª
and 24, partly broken away to show certain details of construction, and
Figure 4 is a detail view of a portion of the saw frame.
Our invention relates generally to shop-saws, but more especially to what are
known as "hack saws "for cutting rods, bars, tubes, or other metallic articles in
the course of manufacture, and it has for its objects the production of a simple,
efficient, and durable positive feed, and uniform speed, power-driven hack-saw for
shop use.
The first feature of our invention embraces the combination with horizontally
reciprocating carriage ways, of a vertically movable saw carriage, and automatic
feed mechanism for said carriage, whereby the carriage is alternately raised and
lowered in a horizontal plane, to prevent the dragging of the saw on the stock and
ensure a constant and definite feed.
A second feature embraces the combination with horizontally reciprocating
carriage ways, of a vertically movable carriage mounted thereon, a feed mechanism
for the carriage, and a hack-saw secured to and horizontally projecting from said
carriage.
A third feature of the invention embraces the combination with a power-driven
hack-saw, of a saw carriage and its feed screw, together with mechanism for
alternately reversing the feed screw, and a vice adjustable with relation to the saw,
whereby the entire length of the saw blade can be utilized on small work.
A fourth feature of the invention embraces a swinging or pivotal connection
between the hack saw and its power-driven automatically-fed carriage, whereby
the hack-saw may be turned out of the way for inserting, removing, or adjusting
the stock or material operated upon.
A fifth feature of the invention embraces the combination with a reciprocating
slide, of a plurality of parallel (front and rear) carriage posts, a vertical feed screw,
and a tubular saw carriage adapted to travel on the said carriage posts and to be
actuated by the feed screw.
A sixth feature of the invention embraces the combination with the saw
carriage, of a vertically pivoted swinging saw frame, adapted to be swung to one

page_text: side out of the way when not in use, and means for locking the saw in line with
the saw carriage and maintaining the saw in a rigid horizontal position while in
operation.
There are other minor features of invention, involving special combinations,
and particular details of construction, all as will hereinafter appear more fully.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A indicates a table or base for the support of
the operative mechanism, said base elevated upon legs or supports a a, and provided
with a reciprocating slide B, which may be dovetailed into base A, or travel in
ways or guides thereon. The slide B receives its motion through a pitman or
link 6 from a crank on the belt pulley C, or by means of any other suitable and
known mechanism for such purpose.
Erected on the slide B at its forward end are the vertical ways or guides d d
for the saw carriage D, and if desired the ways or guides may be braced from the
slide B by the side brackets d, which will partially box and protect the automatic
feed mechanism of the carriage D.
Projecting rearwardly from the carriage D is a vertically perforated and
horizontally slotted lug E through which passes the feed screw F (in the present
instance a left hand screw, to agree with the location of the dogs or pawls J, K,
hereinafter referred to), and said screw F is arranged parallel with the ways dd,
or with the travel of the carriage D, and within the horizontal slot of projection E
and encircling the feed screw F is the feed nut G properly secured to the
projection E of carriage D, so that the carriage shall travel up or down responsive
to and proportionate with the movement of the feed screw.
The feed nut G is preferably a split or divisible nut, composed of two vertical
sections pivoted on the lug E, as at g, and terminating in handles G³, G² similar to
a pair of pliers, with spring g² or equivalent means of maintaining the sections of
the nut in operative contact with each other and with the feed screw F.
Seeured to the lower end of feed screw F is a ratchet wheel H, preferably of
such diameter as to project beyond the edges of the slide B, and said ratchet
wheel is arranged so as to engage alternately with one of two spring pawls or
dogs, J, K, arranged on the base A, or equivalent support, near the opposite ends
of the travel or path of slide B.
The spring pawls or dogs J and K are preferably mounted on slotted plates j
and k controlled by set or thumb screws, and k¹, so that the said dogs can be
adjusted nearer together or farther apart to control or regulate the length of
cutting stroke of the saw, the extent and portion of the saw blade brought into
use during any given operation of the saw.
These spring pawls or dogs J, K, are so constructed and arranged as to
reversely actuate the ratchet wheel H and feed screw F alternately, but the
movement imparted to the feed screw by the forward pawl J which lifts the saw
frame D is only half the extent of the reverse movement which is imparted to
Baid feed screw by rear dog K, which draws the carriage D downward preparatory
to the cutting stroke of the saw.
The frame L of the hack-saw is pivotally connected to the carriage D, as at l
so that the saw may be turned out of the way to remove or adjust the work, or
for any other purpose desired, and said frame is provided with a pin or pins /¹
with which a spring catch M on the carriage D engages to lock the frame L in its
horizontal or operative position.
N, N', indicates the two jaws of a vice for holding the stock or material to be
operated on, and both of said jaws are longitudinally adjustable on the table (by
a slot and set screw, or otherwise) parallel with the travel of the saw, so that by
a proper adjustment of the vice with relation to the saw, and a proper adjustment
of the feed dogs J and K, all of which will be perfectly apparent to the skilled
mechanic, any sized stock within the capacity of the machine may be operated upon,
and any part of the saw blade made to do the work, while in case of small stock,
the whole or any part of the saw-blade may be utilized, exactly as in hand
sawing.

page_text: The construction of the devices being substantially such as hereinbefore
specified, the operation thereof will be as follows:-
The vice having been adjusted to the desired position, and the dogs J and K
adjusted to obtain the length of cutting stroke required, the material or stock to
be operated upon is secured in the vice, and the saw frame L brought forward
into its horizontal, operative, position, where it is rigidly held by the catch M.
The split feed nut G is then opened and the carriage lowered until the saw is in
position to make its first cut, whereupon, motion being imparted to the slide B
during the first forward motion thereof, the saw will adjust itself to the stock or
material, and near the end of said stroke the ratchet wheel will be operated by
the pawl or dog J, so that the carriage will be lifted sufficiently to free the saw
from the stock or material, on the return or backward movement thereof. Near
the close of the backward movement or idle stroke of the saw, the pawl or dog K
will reversely operate the ratchet wheel, and, through feed screw F, draw the
carriage D down through twice the extent of its former upward movement, and
these operations of the feed mechanism are repeated with each backward and
forward movement of the saw, so that each forward or cutting movement of
the saw is made in a horizontal plane with uniform feed and speed, without
regard to size of stock, and each backward or idle movement of the saw is
made in a higher horizontal plane, which clears it from the stock or material
operated upon, and prevents the dragging and rapid wear and destruction of
the saw.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, A indicates the base, a a, the legs
thereof, B the reciprocating slide, C, the belt pulley, e the crank pin, and b the
pitman.
Erected on said slide B are two vertical posts or pillars 1, 2, in line with each other
and with the travel of the slide B, which posts support and form ways on which
travels the saw carriage 3. The position and relation of the posts 1, 2, and
carriage 3 to each other and to the slide (or line of motion) give great strength
and rigidity to an otherwise light structure.
3 indicates the saw carriage of general tubular form, or having a series of boxes,
two of which receive the posts or ways 1, and 2, while the third, preferably
centrally located, allows the passage of a feed screw 4; and opposite to the bore
of said feed screw the carriage 3 is slotted for the insertion of a split feed nut 5
whose sections are held in contact with each other and with feed screw 4 by a
spring 5, or equivalent means.
4 indicates the feed screw, preferably located between the two carriage
posts or ways 1, 2; H the ratchet wheel thereon, and J and K the adjustable dogs
or pawls on the base A.
For actuating the feed screw 4 independently of the automatic feed dogs J and K,
or to raise or lower the carriage progressively when the slide B is at rest, the said
screw may be provided at its upper end with a key or crank arm 5°.
Projecting forward from carriage 3 are vertically perforated lugs 3ª, 36,
which form the knuckles of a hinge joint, and engage the perforated lugs or
knuckles 6º, 6º, on the saw frame 6, the hinge being completed by a piu or
pintle 7 around which and between the knuckles 3 and 6b is inserted a strong
spiral spring 8, which prevents the accidental rise of the saw frame on the carriage
when the saw is at work.
In order to lock the saw against swinging laterally a transverse V-ridge or knife
edge and corresponding groove 9 are formed on and in two opposing knuckles,
preferably the upper knuckles; and to lock the saw on one side and out of the
way when not in use, or when inserting and removing work a second groove 10 at
right angles to the first named groove is provided.
11, 11 indicate a vice or suitable work holder arranged on the base A
adjacent to the saw, and said vice is preferably adjustable longitudinally of the
saw so as to permit of the whole length of the saw blade being utilized on
small stock.

page_text: The operation of the mechanism described in reference to Figures 1A 2A 3
and 4, may be briefly described as follows:
The vice or work holder 11, 11° having been adjusted with relation to the saw,
according to the size of the work, and the extent of the saw blade to be used, the
dogs or pawls J and K are adjusted to regulate the operative travel of the saw,
the work or stock is secured in the vice, and the saw lowered into position, either
by means of the crank arm 5° or by separating the split feed nut 5, after which
the power is applied to reciprocate slide B. At or near the close of the cutting
stroke of the saw, the forward pawl J will give a reverse motion to the feed screw
so as to lift the carriage during the return or idle stroke of the saw, and at or near
the end of the backward or idle stroke of the saw, the dog or pawl K will give a
feed motion to the carriage which will be equal to twice the extent of the first
named motion, so as to draw down the carriage and bring the saw again into
operation during its forward or cutting stroke. (It will be noted that the position
of the dogs or pawls J and K are regulated by the plane of the feed screw, as for
instance, in the present case, the feed screw is a left-hand thread.)
When the cutting operation is finished and it is desired to remove or readjust
the stock, the saw frame is lifted slightly (against the force of spring 8) to
disengage the knife edge from the notch 9, and the saw is turned or swung to one
side out of the way, and the knife edge allowed to enter the notch 10, which will
hold the saw frame firmly out of the way.
The form of the tubular carriage, and the arrangement of its posts or ways
afford great stiffness and strength with lightness of construction, and ensure an
easy and true movement of the carriage with horizontal position of the saw, and
with greatly reduced vibration and wear; while the preferred arrangement of the
feed screw with relation to the posts or ways and the carriage, ensures a true and
easy feed movement of the carriage with reduced wear on the feed mechanism.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim, is:
1. The combination with a hack-saw, of a vertically movable carriage therefor,
horizontally reciprocating ways for said carriage, and an automatic feed mechanism
for actuating the carriage, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
2. The combination with horizontally reciprocating carriage guides or ways, of
a vertically movable saw carriage arranged thereon, an automatic feed mechanism
for said carriage, and a horizontally arranged hack-saw secured to and projecting
from said carriage, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
3. The combination with a horizontally arranged hack-saw and its carriage, of
alternately reverse acting feed mechanism for lifting the carriage at or near the
close of the cutting stroke, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
4. In a power hack-saw, the combination with a suitable base, of a reciprocating
slide, carriage ways erected thereon, a carriage, a feed screw for the carriage, and
mechanism for alternately reversing the feed screw; substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
5. In a power hack-saw, the combination with a suitable base, of a reciprocating
slide, a saw carriage and feed screw mounted on the slide, a ratchet wheel for the
feed screw, and spring pawls or dogs arranged on the base or slide support and
adapted to alternately reverse the feed screw; substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
6. In a power hack-saw, the combination with a suitable base or slide support,
of a reciprocating slide mounted thereon, a saw carriage and feed screw mounted
on the slide, a ratchet wheel for actuating the feed screw, and adjustable dogs
or pawls for engaging the ratchet wheel at the opposite ends of the travel of
the reciprocating slide, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
7. In a power hack-saw, the combination with a saw carriage and its feed
mechanism, of adjustable mechanism for reversing the feed and changing the

page_text: length of the stroke of the saw, and an adjustable vice for holding the work,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
8. In a power hack-saw, the combination with a power-driven saw carriage, of
a saw frame pivoted thereto, and means for locking the saw frame to the carriage,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
9. In a power driving mechanism for shop-saws, the combination of a recipro-
cating slide, vertical ways arranged thereon, a saw carriage mounted on said ways,
a feed screw mounted on the slide and provided with a ratchet wheel, and dogs or
pawls adjustably mounted in the path of the reciprocating slide and arranged to
engage the ratchet wheel of the feed screw at or near the opposite ends of the
travel of the reciprocating slide; substantially as and for the purposes specified.
10. In a power-driven hack-saw, the combination of a tubular carriage, vertical
posts or ways therefor, and feed mechanism for actuating the carriage; substan-
tially as and for the purpose specified.
11. In a power-driven hack-saw, the combination of a tubular carriage, posts or
ways therefor, and a feed screw interposed between the posts or ways of the
carriage, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
12. In a power-driven hack-saw, the combination with a reciprocating slide, of
parallel posts or ways erected thereon and arranged in the line of motion of said
slide, a tubular saw carriage, a feed screw interposed between said parallel ways or
posts, and means on the slide support for actuating said feed screw, substantially
as and for the purposes specified.
13. In a power-driven hack-saw, the combination of a saw carriage, a saw frame,
and a spring hinge connection between said parts; substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
14. In a power-driven saw, the combination of a saw carriage and a saw frame
hinged thereon, said parts having the one a notch and the other a knife edge
arranged to engage in said notch; substantially as and for the purposes specified.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.