Improvements in Sanitary Drainage or Apparatus for the Treatment of Sewage Matter.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th July, 1892-Accepted, 3rd Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sanitary Drainage or Apparatus for the Treatment
of Sewage Matter.
We METROPHANES NADIEIN Engineer and BASIL EWDOKIMOFF and
SERGIUS DE BASCHMAKOFF Gentlemen all of 6 Kabinetskaia St. Petersburg in
the Empire of Russia do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to means or apparatus for the treatment of focal and
sewage matter and enables waste or sewage matter such as the solid and liquid
matter from waterclosets and urinals, as well as the water from sinks, laundries or
washhouses, bath rooms and the like to be received in a common pipe or channel
which conducts them to an apparatus hereinafter described where the solid matter
being automatically separated from the liquid matter is disinfected or treated for
the manufacture of manure. Another feature of the invention consists in arrange-
ments whereby the sewage water or liquid matter is discharged into the sewer
periodically or at intervals by means of an arrangement of bent tubes or siphons
whereby the chambers or vessels in which the siphons are arranged are emptied by
a rapid and intermittent discharge. The flow of water from the apparatus is
utilised for the purpose of ventilation as hereinafter explained.
An apparatus constructed according to this invention may be arranged to receive
water from lavatory basins for example supplied with water from suitable cisterns
and discharging it into a trough connected by a pipe with a urinal and provided
with an overflow pipe which acts in case the connecting pipe is choked. The
trough of the urinal is emptied at intervals by a self acting siphon which draws off
the water automatically on its attaining a certain level. To enable the siphon to
act when the supply of water is relatively small it is constructed with a curved or
coiled pipe into which is introduced a pipe of smaller diameter in which a still
smaller pipe may be provided. When the water rises above the siphons the
smaller siphon commences to act and draws off the liquid forming a jet which
exhausts the air at the entrance of the next pipe which is thereby charged and
acts in like manner with regard to the next or larger pipe until a large and
continuous stream of water is discharged into a main or large collecting pipe.
The urinal trough may be further supplied with water from sinks and directly
from the cistern and is provided with an overflow pipe which acts in case the
siphons are obstructed and also forms a ventilating pipe.
The aforesaid collecting pipe is arranged in a horizontal position and is
connected with watercloset pans preferably made of lead. At one extremity this
pipe is connected on its upper side with a discharge pipe so arranged that liquid is
always present in the collecting pipe. The solid excrement floats upon this liquid and
is driven towards the discharge end by the influx of liquid from the urinal. The
collecting pipe may also be supplied with water direct from the pure water supply
or a cistern with an automatic siphon arrangement, an overflow pipe being provided
which acts in case the siphons fail to draw off the water and discharge it into the
pans of the water closets. A portion of the water passes directly into the
collecting tube in order to accelerate the discharge of the solid matter. A hand
hole closed by a suitable cover is provided in order to enable the discharge tube to
be cleared if required.
The collecting pipe is ventilated by means of a tube communicating with a flue
or chimney and by a pipe connected with the drain as hereinafter explained.
The separating apparatus is arranged at a lower level and is provided with a

page_text: vertical tube enlarged at its extremities and having at its upper extremity an
overflow arrangement, provided with two supply tubes or branches. The contents
of the collecting pipe pass into these branches and through the overflow arrange-
ment into the enlarged end of the vertical tube. The solid matter falls through
the tube and is received in a box or receptacle arranged underneath. The water
being separated by the overflow arrangement flows down the sides of the vertical
tube and is received in an annular receptacle or trough at the enlarged lower
extremity. The tubes are provided with suitable openings closed by screwed
covers enabling them to be cleared out when required.
The water flows from the annular trough into a pail or receptacle provided with
a valve and suspended from a lever in such a manner as to be capable of vertical
motion in a stationary receptacle having a discharge opening at its lower part
communicating with the sewer. The ventilating pipe from the. collecting pipe
communicates with an annular chamber surrounding this discharge from the
stationary receptacle so arranged that the flow of water from the latter exhausts
the air from the ventilating pipe. The pipe leading to the sewer is preferably
trapped and provided with a ventilating pipe in order that foul air may not enter
the building.
A box or hopper containing peat, dry earth, moss, ashes or other disinfecting
material is arranged above the receptacle for the solid matter. This hopper is
provided with a valve connected to the lever from which the pail or receptacle for
the liquid is suspended. When a certain quantity of liquid has entered this pail
it draws down the arm of the lever which opens the valve and allows a suitable
quantity of disinfectant to fall on to the solid matter and at the same time operates
a rake or scraper which pushes the said matter towards one end of the box. When
the pail has descended to a certain extent the valve in the bottom of the pail is
opened automatically so that the contents of the pail escape and the parts return
to their original position under the influence of a counter weight attached to the
lever.
Dated this 27th day of October 1891
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sanitary Drainage or Apparatus for the Treatment
of Sewage Matter.
We METROPHANES NADIEIN Engineer and BASIL EWDOKIMOFF and
SERGIUS DE BASCHMAKOFF Gentlemen all of 6 Kabinetskaia St. Petersburg in
the Empire of Russia do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to means or apparatus for the sanitary treatment of
sewage such as the solid and liquid matters proceeding from water-closets, urinals,
sinks, laundries, wash-houses, bath rooms and the like which are received in one
common pipe or channel and conducted to an apparatus hereinafter described in
which the solid part is automatically separated from the liquid part and is
disinfected and converted into a useful fertiliser or manure. Arrangements are
also provided for discharging the sewage water or liquid matter into the sewer
periodically or intermittently by means of bent tubes or syphons so arranged that
the chambers or vessels provided with the syphons are instantaneously emptied at
suitable intervals.
The rapid flow of water in the tubes and syphons is utilised for the purpose of
ventilation or drawing off the foul air and gases as hereinafter explained.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to

page_text: the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures..
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings represent in vertical sections
taken at right angles to each other, a lavatory with closets &c. provided with
sanitary apparatus arranged according to this invention the section in Figure 2
being taken on the line 1-2 Figure 1 and Figure 1 is a detail hereinafter
referred to.
Figures 3 and 4 represent the apparatus in plan & partly in horizontal sections
taken respectively on the lines 3-4 and 5-6 Figure 1.
pipe
This apparatus is constructed with a trough A arranged to receive the water
from a series of lavatory basins aaa" al (Figure 1) supplied with water from
taps 566 communicating with the water supply. The water in the trough A
is discharged through a pipe c into a urinal basin or pan B, an overflow c¹
being also provided in the trough A which acts in case the connecting pipe c
becomes choked or stopped. The urinal basin or pan B is emptied at intervals
by a self acting syphon arrangement e e' illustrated in side elevation in Figure 1A
which draws off the water automatically on its attaining a certain level in the said
pan. To enable the syphon to act when the supply of water is relatively small it
is constructed with the curved pipe e Figure 1A of from about 1 to 2 centimetres
diameter for example into which is introduced through pipe e' of smaller diameter
(from about to 1 centimetre for example) in which is placed a still smaller pipe
not shewn in the drawing (of from about to centimetres diameter for example).
When the liquid in the urinal basin B rises above the syphons the smaller syphon
commences to act and draws off the liquid forming a jet which exhausts the air at
the entrance to the next pipe el which is thereby charged and acts in like manner
with regard to the next or larger pipe e until a large and continuous stream of
water is discharged into a main or large collecting pipe G.
The urinal basin or trough B is supplied with water partly from the basins a and
partly from a pipe D communicating directly with the supply or main and may
also receive the discharge from sinks or the like. 'With this object the sink stones
must be arranged at a suitable elevation being raised upon one or two steps if
required. An overflow pipe el is connected with the long leg of the syphon e in
order that the liquid may not overflow the sides of the trough or pan B in case
the syphons are obstructed.
This pipe e" also forms a ventilating pipe aerating the liquid (urine and water)
discharged from the trough B.
"The aforesaid collecting pipe G being of any suitable length is arranged in a
horizontal position and is connected as represented in Figure 2 with water-closet
pans F Figures 2 and 3 preferably made of lead. At one extremity this pipe is
connected by a curved connection as indicated at K Figure 2 with a discharge
pipe communicating with the upper part of the pipe G so that liquid is always
present in the latter. The solid excrement floats upon this liquid and is driven
towards the discharge end as the tube fills by the influx of liquid from the
urinal B. The collecting pipe G is also supplied with water direct from a
cistern H supplied with water by a tap h¹ and provided with an automatic syphon
or self emptying device and an overflow pipe which acts in case the syphon fails
to draw off the water and discharge it into the pans of the water closets.
The water flows from the cistern H through a syphon arrangement k similar to
that herein before described and through a pipe 9 which distributes the water to
the series of closet pans F. Figures 1 and 2 through branch pipes f. After
rinsing out the pans the water descends into the collecting pipe G.
F
A portion of the water in the pipe g passes directly into the collecting tube G
through a pipe g" Figure 2 in order to raise the level of the liquid therein and
accelerate the discharge of the excrement, paper and other solid matter into the
separating apparatus. A hand hole S closed by a suitable cover preferably of
copper secured by a screw is provided in order to enable the discharge tube to be
cleared if required the angle at the junction of the tube G with the pipe being

page_text: rounded off as represented in Figure 2 in order to render it less liable to become
obstructed.
The collecting pipe G is ventilated by means of a tube J communicating with a
flue or chimney I and by a pipe connected with a box or chamber V hereinafter
described.
1
The separating apparatus illustrated at L Figures 1. 2 and 4 is arranged at a
lower level being placed in the cellar or in an underground chamber outside the
building and is provided with a vertical tube T enlarged at its extremities o to
the extent of say about one and a half times its diameter and connected at its
upper extremity with the pipe / through a trap or overflow arrangement formed by
two supply tubes or branches o¹ connected to the enlarged part as indicated in
Figures 1 and 2. The contents of the collecting pipe pass through the pipe / and
branch pipes into the tubes o' and overflow into the enlarged end of the
vertical tube T. The solid matter falls vertically through this tube and is
received in a box or receptacle Q arranged underneath. The water being
separated by the overflow arrangement formed by the combination of the pipes o
and flows down the sides of the vertical tube T and is received in an annular
receptacle or trough C at the enlarged lower extremity of the said tube. The
tubes o' are provided with suitable openings closed by screwed covers n enabling
them to be cleared out when required and the annular trough C is attached to a
hoop fixed upon the tube T.
The water flows from the annular trough C through a shute c¹ into a moveable
pail or receptacle g provided with a valve in the lower part connected by a chain p
to the box Q. This receptacle is suspended from a lever m oscillating on an axis r
in such a manner as to enable the receptacle 9 to move vertically in a stationary
receptacle U having a discharge opening at its lower part communicating with the
sewer through a pipe X. The ventilating pipe i hereinbefore referred to
proceeding from the collecting pipe communicates with an annular chamber
surrounding this discharge from the stationary receptacle so arranged that the
flow of water from the latter exhausts the air from the ventilating pipe. The
pipe X leading to the sewer is preferably trapped as indicated at 2¹ and provided
with a ventilating pipe Y in order that foul air may not enter the building.
A box or hopper P containing peat, dry earth, moss, ashes or other disinfecting
material is arranged upon supports B above the receptacle Q. This hopper is
provided with a hinged bottom or valve d connected at to links or arms m¹
mm attached to the lever m from which the pail or receptacle q for the liquid
is suspended. When a certain quantity of liquid has accumulated in the balanced
receptacle q the weight of the receptacle and its contents draws down the lever m
and opens the valve d so as to allow a suitable quantity of disinfectant to slide
down an incline t, t' and fall on to the solid matter and at the same time operates
a rake or scraper u which pushes the said matter towards one end of the box Q.
When the pail has descended to a certain extent the valve in the bottom of the pail
is opened automatically by the action of the chain p so that the contents of the
pail escape after which the parts return to their original position under the
influence of a counter weight pl attached to the lever m and the valve d being
closed arrests the escape of disinfectant from the box or hopper P whilst the pail
or receptacle y is placed in position to receive a fresh charge of liquid from the
shute c.
In order that the descent of the receptacle y may take place more frequently
the shute e must not be inclined but must so direct the liquid that the jet
of water escaping therefrom ceases to fall into the receptacle q directly the latter
descends. The water in the receptacle escapes through the valve directly the
latter is raised by the chain p or through a valve opened by coming in contact
with a stop which may be provided in the vessel. U and the receptacle 9 being
emptied immediately returns to a position for receiving the discharge from the
shute c'. This alternately descending and ascending movement continues so long
as the water overflows from the separating apparatus into the shute c'. The water

page_text: discharged from the receptacle 9 is discharged through the opening in the
vessel U and through the pipe X and by producing an exhausting action in the
chamber V draws air and gases from the closed pans F after which being mixed
with the air and gases it escapes into the sewer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
•
1. The combinations and arrangements of apparatus for the sanitary treatment
of sewage matter substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
2. The improved method of removing foecal matter by means of the combination
of vessels or receptacles having overflow arrangements and syphons with an
apparatus for the separation of the solid matter from the liquid matter sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
3. An apparatus for the sanitary treatment of sewage provided with means for
separating the solid matter from the liquid matter consisting of a tube enlarged at
both extremities and provided at the upper extremity with an overflow arrange
ment and at the lower extremity with a trough or basin of annular form sub-
stantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination of the separating apparatus hereinbefore referred to with
mechanism for mixing the excrement or solid matter with disinfecting materials
and producing a valuable fertiliser substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
5. A sanitary drainage system or apparatus for treating sewage matter provided
with ventilating arrangement or means by which the foul air or gases are drawn off
by the action of the liquids substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 15th dex of July 1892.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.