IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hayward, of Ettingshall_New_Village, near
Wolverhampton, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hayward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1879.
WILLIAM HAYWARD, of Ettingshall New Village, near Wolverhampton.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING."'
In the Specification_accompanying my application for Letters Patent, No. 2532,
bearing date the 24th June 1879, I have described an Invention of improvements
in iron fencing, the object of which is to give the fencing a more massive appear-
ance and make it stronger, but at the same time lighter, than the ordinary flat bar
fence, and also to render it incapable of damaging the cattle or taking the wool off
the sheep.
My present Invention of improvements in iron fencing has partly the same object
in view, and also the further object of giving the fencing the advantages over the
ordinary flat bar fence and others at present in use, which shall be mentioned
hereafter.
In carrying out a part of my Invention, instead of constructing the fencing with
flat tubular bars or with bars of U section, as described in the aforesaid Specifica-
tion, I construct it with flat solid bars having rounded edges, section C, or with oval
solid bars, section D, as shown in the accompanying Drawing, thus securing for it
the following advantages over the ordinary flat bar fence, which has corners and
sometimes ragged edges:--
Firstly. It cannot damage the cattle nor take the wool off the sheep.
Secondly. The horizontal bars can be joined in the standards by means of sockets,
as shown by Figure E in the Drawing, instead of being overlapped, thereby leaving
more strength in the standards than is left in the case of the ordinary flat bars, the
holes being smaller and rounded instead of having square corners.
Thirdly. The fence has a much more ornamental appearance, without any increase
in the cost.
I also construct fencing under my present Invention with square tubular bars,
section A, or with oval tubular bars, section B, as shown in the accompanying

page_text: Drawing, thereby giving it the following advantages over the kinds of fencing at
present in use :-
Firstly. It is not liable to damage the cattle or take the wool off the sheep, like
the ordinary flat bar fence.
Secondly. The horizontal bars, when formed of either of the aforesaid sections,
cannot be turned round in the uprights or standards, which is an objection to the
round tubular bars at present in use.
Thirdly. It is more ornamental, without any material increase in the cost.
In constructing fencing in accordance with my present Invention I use bars or
tubes of either of the aforesaid sections for horizontal bars or for uprights or
standards; for the latter I make the bars or tubes either parallel or tapered.
I secure the horizontal bars to the uprights or standards by means of sockets, as
before described, or by driving cottars or pins through them, and the horizontal
bars may be joined together in the same manner, the cottars or pins being rivetted.
In order to steady the fencing I fix an earth plate to each standard a little below
the surface of the earth; this plate I make with two lugs, which fit one on each side
of the standard and are bolted or rivetted to them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Hayward in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
April 1880.
•
WILLIAM HAYWARD, of Ettingshall New Village, near Wolverhampton.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING."
In the Specification filed in accordance with certain Letters Patent granted to
me, and bearing date the Twenty fourth June, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy nine, No. 2532, I have described an Invention of improvements in iron
fencing, the object of which is to give the fencing a more massive appearance and
make it stronger, but at the same time lighter, than the ordinary flat bar fence,
and also to render it incapable of damaging the cattle or taking the wool off the
sheep.
My present Invention of improvements in iron fencing has partly the same object
in view, and also the further object of giving the fencing the advantages over the
ordinary flat bar fenco and others at present in use, which shall be mentioned
hereafter.
In carrying out a part of my present Invention, instead of constructing the
fencing with flat tubular bars or with bars of U section, as described in the aforesaid
Specification, I construct it with flat solid bars having rounded edges, section C, or
with oval solid bars, section D, as shewn in the accompanying Drawing, thus securing
for it the following advantages over the ordinary flat bar fence, which has corners
and sometimes ragged edges
Firstly. It cannot damage the cattle nor take the wool off the sheep.
Secondly. The horizontal bars can be joined in the standards by means of sockets,
as shewn by Figure E in the Drawing, instead of being over-lapped, thereby leaving
more strength in the standards than is left in the case of the ordinary flat bars, the
boles being smaller and being rounded instead of having square corners.
Thirdly. The fence has a much more ornamental appearance, without any increase
in the cost.
I also construct fencing under my present Invention with square tubular bars,
section A, or with oval tubular bars, section B, as shewn in the accompanying
Drawing, thereby giving it the following advantages over the kinds of fencing at
present in use :—
Firstly. It is not liable to damage the cattle or take the wool off the sheep, like
the ordinary flat bar fence.
Secondly. The horizontal bars, when formed of either of the aforesaid sections,
cannot be turned round in the uprights or standards, which is an objection to the
round tubular bars at present in use.
Thirdly. It is more ornamental, without any material increase in the cost.
In constructing fencing in accordance with my present Invention I use bars or
tubes of either of the aforesaid sections for horizontal bars or for uprights or
standards; for the latter I make the bars or tubes either parallel or tapered. I
secure the horizontal bars to the uprights or standards either by means of sockets,
as before described, or by driving cottars or pins through them, and the horizontal
bars may be joined together in the same manner, the cottars or pins being rivetted.
In order to steady and support the fencing I fix an earth plate to each standard a
little below the surface of the earth; these plates I make with two lugs, which fit
one on each side of the standards, and are bolted or rivetted to them.
Having now described the nature and object of my Invention, I will now proceed
to explain the same more fully by the aid of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Figure A shews the square tube, which may be used either for the horizontal bars
or for the uprights or standards, as shewn by Figure G.

page_text: Figure B shows the oval tube, which may also be used either for the horizontal
bars or for the uprights; Figures C and D shew the flat solid bar with rounded
edges and the oval solid bar, both of which may be used either for the horizontal
bars or for the uprights or standards.
Figures E and F shew the method of joining the horizontal bars by means of
sockets, either in or out of the standards, when sections C or D are used, one end of
each bar fitting half way through the socket and being secured by a pin rivetted at
both sides; Figure G shews the square tube used as an upright or standard c in
combination with the oval tube a and the square tube b used as horizontal bars,
the horizontal bars being passed through the uprights, and secured thereto by a pin
rivetted at both sides or by a cottar.
Figure H shews the earth plate, which may be used with either of the tubes or
bars hereinbefore described, or with other uprights or standards not described
hercin. d is the upright or standard; e, the carth plate; ff, the lugs, which fit one
at each side of the standard and are secured to it by one or more bolts or rivets.
And now, having described my said Invention, and how the same may be carried
into effect, I wish it to be understood that my Invention may be modified without
departing from its leading features, and what I claim as my Invention is,-
Firstly. The application and use of flat solid bars with rounded edges, as repre-
sented in section by Figure C, or of oval solid bars, as represented in section by
Figure D, in the manufacture of iron fencing, either for the horizontal bars or for
the uprights or standards, substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. The application and use of square tubular bars, as represented in section
by Figure A, or of oval tubular bars, as represented in section by Figure B, in the
manufacture of iron fencing, either for the horizontal bars or for the uprights or
standards, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Thirdly. The application and use of the earth plates in combination with the
uprights or standards in iron fencing, substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hayward, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
WILLIAM HAYWARD.
X
(L.S.)