Improvements in Forging and like Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 22nd May, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Forging and like Machines.
I, CHARLES DELOS RICE, of 78 Seymour Street in the City of Hartford
and County of Hartford and State of Connecticut, United States of America,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates in general to the construction of metal working machines
for the production at a single operation of small forgings, etc., such as are usually
produced by the ordinary metlicds of drop forging. The objects particularly in
view are to render possible the machine forging or forming of shapes heretofore
impossible of production except by the use of the drop hammer and of shapes which
could not hitherto be produced economically by any of the ordinary machine shop
methods, to render possible the production of more perfect machine forgings than
has been ordinarily possible hitherto, to avoid material waste in flashes of over-
flows, to reduce the amount of machining usually required to produce the finished
article after the forging has been completed and to reduce the waste of material
usually occasioned by such machining, to provide for the rapid and automatic
stripping of the forgings from the dies and generally to increase the capacity and
cfficiency of machines of the class referred to. Hitherto, so far as I am aware,
forging machines such, for example, as bolt heading machines, have usually had at
most three dies, two of the dies clamping between them the rod or blank and
holding it for the action of the third or upsetting die; in such machines there is
usually more or less longitudinal yielding of the stock between the gripping dies
when it is struck by the upsetting die, which fact not only accounts for the
production of imperfect articles but makes it clearly impossible to produce forgings
which require the metal to be forced into deep lateral recesses in the gripping dies.
In accordance with my present invention, I have provided for the use of four dies
acting in pairs in opposite directions, two of the dies surrounding and retaining the
billet or blank and leaving it exposed only at the ends and the other two dies
acting against the exposed ends or portions of the billet and upsetting the metal
and forcing it into the recesses in the retaining dies. As there is only the slightest
Jessibility of the formation of flashes or of other escape of metal, it is obviously
necessary that the volume of the stock or billet should not exceed the volume of
the completed article but should be carefully predetermined in every case.
billet having then the required volume and the four dies closing together tightly to
enclose a space which corresponds in form to the required article, it is obvious that
the metal must be forced into all of the recesses of the dies and fill them completely,
producing a perfectly shaped article. The improved machine having therefore the
general characteristics here referred to, the invention further relates to the means
for operating and controlling the dies and other movable parts, and it will be
obvious, as this description proceeds, that the improved means may be employed in
other machines of like character but of different form and construction.
The
In order that the description of the construction of the machine shown in the
accompanying drawings and the relations of the parts thereof may be the more
readily and clearly understood, the general arrangement of the machine and the
operation thereof will first be described briefly. As previously indicated, the
machine has four dics arranged in pairs, two being retaining and forming dies and

page_text: two being end or upsetting dies, the dies of each pair working in opposition to each
other. One of the retaining and forming dies may be stationary while the other
die of the pair is preferably arranged to be moved first by hand into position to
hold in place the billet which has been introduced by the operator. Thereafter,
the movable retaining die is forced home against the stationary die, to for.n
therewith a compound die of the shape which the article is desired to have, the
faces of the two dies being suitably formed for this purpose. The movable die is
forced home and there held during the operation of the upsetting dies by the
action of the cam which is secured to the motor shaft of the machine, the entire
cycle of operations necessary to complete the forging taking place during a single
rotation of this shaft. The two end or upsetting dies are supported to move in
opposition to each other in a path at right angles to the direction of movement of
the movable retaining die and are actuated at the proper time, after the retaining
dies have closed upon the billet, by the action of eccentrics which are mounted
upon the motor shaft before referred to, suitable intermediate devices being
provided to transmit movement from each eccentric to the corresponding upsetting
die. The parts are so arranged that the upsetting dies begin to retire before the
movable retaining die and consequently, the forging is held by the retaining dies
while the retiring upsetting dies strip themselves. The movement of the upsetting
dies, however, is slow, as compared with that of the movable retaining die, so that
after they have stripped themselves but before their extreme ends have passed the
extreme ends of the finished forging, the withdrawal of the movable gripping die
begins and is completed, whereby the upsetting or end dies act as strippers for the
movable retaining die. Automatic strippers are provided to kick the forging out
of the fixed retaining die, should it stick to the same, in cases where the finished
forging extends beyond the confines of the retaining dies. The motor shaft is
adapted to be driven by a continuously rotating fly-wheel, which may be driven in
any suitable manner, and is adapted to be engaged therewith by a clutch operated
by means under the control of the operator. A brake is also provided to check
the rotation of the shaft as soon as the clutch is disengaged, so that the parts
operated by the shaft shall be brought to rest in their normal position. Centering
and holding devices for the billets are also provided for use when required.
All of the parts of the machine have heen designed with reference not only to
the exertion of great force upon the billet but especially to rapid operation, so
that the period of contact of the hot metal with the dies may be as brief as
possible in order to prolong the life of the dies. The fact that the movement of
the dies must be stopped after each operation, although the moving parts are
necessarily of great weight, renders the construction of the devices for effecting the
required movements of the parts and of the devices for bringing them to rest,
of great importance.
In the accompanying drawings, wherein I have illustrated in detail mechanism
which embodies my improvements in a desirable form and which is well adapted
for the production of small forgings,
Figure 1 is a plan view of the forging mechanism, the fly-wheel being broken
away to save space; the retaining die holders are shown in gripping position and
the end or upsetting die holders in their extreme outer position, the dies themselves
being omitted.
Figure 2 is a vertical cross-section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical cross-section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 4-4 of Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a vertical cross-section on the line 5-5 of Figure 6, similar to
Figure 3, but showing the parts in different positions and showing also centering
and gauging devices hereinafter referred to, the hand lever shown in Figure 3
being omitted.
Figure 6 is a partial plan view of the central portion of the machine, as shown
in Figure 1, but with the parts shown in Figure 5 added.
Figure 7 is an elevation of the right hand end of the machine, as shown in

page_text: Figure 1, with portions of the fly-wheel broken out to show a clutch controlling
mechanism and brake behind it.
Figure 8 is a horizontal section of the fly-wheel on the irregular plane indicated
by the line 8-8 of Figure 7 with the controlling mechanism and the hub of the
fly-wheel in plan view and with the clutch members in central section.
Figure 9 is a detail view of a portion of the clutch mechanism partly in section.
Figure 9 shows in detail, in edge, end and plan views, the cam and relief bar.
Figure 10 is a detail plan view partly in horizontal section, showing a set of dies.
Figure 11 is a side clevation of the two retaining or forming dies shown in
Figure 10, partly in section on the line 11-11 of Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a detail plan view, similar to Figure 10, showing a set of dies for
the production of an article of different form.
Figure 13 is a side elevation of the two retaining or forming dies shown in
Figure 12, partly in section on the line 15-15 of Figure 12.
Figures 14 and 15 are face views of the retaining or forming dies shown in
Figures 12 and 13.
Figure 16 is a plan view, showing the preferred form of starting and stopping
mechanism applied to a machine, the outline merely of the machine being shown.
Figure 17 is an elevation of the fly-wheel and clutch with the brake mechanism
of Figure 16.
Figure 18 is an irregular section on the planes indicated by the line a― of
Figure 17.
Figure 19 is a detail vertical section of the fly-wheel and clutch taken on the
line y-y of Figure 17.
Figure 20 is a detail view of the brake mechanism, similar to the corresponding
portion of Figure 18 but representing the jaws of the brake as drawn together to
effect the stopping of the machine.
Figure 21 is an end elevation of the parts shown in Figure 17.
Figure 22 is a side elevation thereof."
Figure 23 is a transverse section through the jaws of the brake, the scale being
somewhat larger than that of Figures 20, 21 and 22.
Figure 24 is an end elevation of the hydraulic valve mechanism for operating
the clutch and brake, some parts being broken out to save space and all being
represented as if seen from a point of view within the machine, the relative
position of the main shaft and other parts of the machine being indicated by dotted
lines.
Figure 25 is a side elevation of the same, the position of the main shaft being
also indicated by dotted lines.
The frame or bed-plate of the machine is of sufficient strength and of proper
construction to support the several working parts of the mechanism and to resist
the strains to which it is subjected during operation. In suitable bearings A', at
the rear of the frame or bed-plate A, is mounted the driving shaft B from which
movement is imparted to the several working parts of the machine, as hereinafter
described, and to which motion is imparted from a suitable driving-wheel through
the medium of a clutch, so that the driving-wheel may have continuous rotation
while the shaft comes to rest after each rotation. At the front of the bed-plate A
and in convenient position for the introduction of the billets or blanks to be operated
upon, is supported a stationary holder C for the stationary gripping or retaining
and forming die, such as is shown, for example, at C' in Figures 10, 11, 12, 13
and 14. The movable gripping die or retaining aird forming die, such as is shown,
for example, at C2 in Figures 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15, is adapted to co-operate with
the stationary die to form a compound but practically rigid forming die, enclosing
a space which corresponds in form to the required article, and is carried by a
movable die-holder C3 which is adapted to slide toward and from the stationary
die-holder in a guide-way formed on the bed-plate A, as shown in Figures 1, 3,
4, 5 and 6. In rear of the movable die-holder C³ a rocking-frame C₁ is mounted
upon a shaft C, a link C6 being interposed between the forward end of the rocking

page_text: frame and the rear end of the movable dic-holder C³ so that the frame and link
together constitute a toggle lever by means of which the movable die-holder may
be forced forward and held rigidly and afterwards withdrawn. The frame C' is
provided above its axis of oscillation with a roller C7 which constitutes a bearing
point for a cam C³, which is secured to the driving shaft so that the action of the
cam upon said roller or bearing point will rock the frame upon its axis (shaft C³)
and will thrust the movable die-holder forward with great force. The cam C³, as
will be observed, is adapted to act quickly and has a long bearing surface of equal
radius, approximating one-half of a circle, whereby the frame C is held in its
forward position without movement for an appreciable time in order to give the end
or upsetting dies, hereinafter referred to, time to complete their forward movement
and to be partially withdrawn before the movable retaining die-holder is withdrawn.
At one side of the cam C8 and near the rear end of its operating surface, is secured
a toe or projection C which is adapted to strike a projection C10, which is secured
to the frame C substantially in line with the axis of the frame and the pivotal
point of the link C, and thereby, in the further rotation of the shaft B, to rock the
frame C in the opposite direction and so withdraw the movable die-holder C³. As
shown in Figures 1 and 3, a hand lever C may be secured to the frame C*, so that
the operator may rock the frame by hand and so bring the movable retaining die
nearly to position, leaving the completion of its movement to be effected by the
cam C as already described. The billet or blank to be operated upon may be
gripped firmly between the two dies C¹ and C² or it may be retained loosely
between them, but in any case it is necessary that the movable die shall be held
during the action of the end or upsetting dies with great force so that the metal
may not find its way out between the two dies C¹ and C². The arrangement of the
die-operating mechanism just described permits this to be done besides permitting
both the forward and the backward movements of the die to be effected suddenly,
with a long dwell between them.
The end or upsetting dies, such as shown for example at D1 and D³, in
Figures 10 and 12, are arranged to move in opposite directions in a path
substantially at right angles to the direction of the movement of the movable
retaining die and to act simultaneously upon the billet which is in place between
the two retaining dies, the action of the upsetting dies forcing the metal into every
part of the mold formed by the retaining dies. The end or upsetting dies Di
and D2 are mounted respectively in end die-holders D D, which are adapted to
slide to and fro in ways formed in the bed plate A substantially parallel with the
shaft B, the holders being disposed on opposite sides of the movable retaining
die-holder. The means for actuating the end die-holders are identical and a
description of one set of devices or means will therefore suffice for both, and
reference may be had particularly to Figures 1, 2 and 4. Near each end of the
shaft B is mounted an eccentric D³, the strap D and rod D' of which operate
upon a cross-head De which is adapted to slide to and fro in the guide-way formed
in the bed-plate A. An obliquely disposed link or toggle lever D' is interposed
between the cross-head De and the corresponding die-holder D. At each rotation
of the shaft B, therefore, the end dies D', D2, are pressed toward each other slowly
(as compared with the movement of the retaining or forming die C²) but with
great force and act in opposite directions and simultaneously upon the billet which
is in place between the retaining dies, forcing the metal into every part of the mold
formed thereby. The end dies are preferably formed so as to engage the completed
forging, as by being cupped to cover the end thereof, as shown in the die D' in
Figure 10, or by having a projection to form a corresponding depression in the
forging, as shown in the case of the die D in Figure 10. I prefer to make use of
the last named device, particularly when the forging is to be drilled out
subsequently, as a proportionate amount of raw material is thereby saved and the
amount of machining necessary to finish the article is reduced correspondingly.
Immediately after the completion of the forward movement of the end dies the
withdrawal of the same commences, but it progresses slowly (as compared with

page_text: the movement of the retaining die) because of the action of the eccentrics. This
comparatively slow movement, however, is sufficient to withdraw the dies from
contact with the forging before it is released by the opening of the gripping dies.
This movement of the last named dies is effected rapidly by the action of the toe
cam C and takes place before the end dies are entirely withdrawn from the
forging, whereby the end dies act as strippers for the movable retaining die. TE
the end of the forging is given a taper, either internal or external, as indicated in
Figures 10 and 12, the two parts of the mold formed respectively in the faces of
the two retaining dies are so shaped or proportioned that the forging shall draw the
more easily from the stationary retaining die, whereby the first part of the
movement of the movable retaining die strips the forging from the stationary
retaining die and the movable retaining die is thereafter stripped during ita
continued movement by the engagement of the end dies with the ends of the
forging, the taper of the ends of the forgings permitting this action to take place.
With some forms of forgings, however, it may be necessary or desirable to provide
means for the stripping of the stationary die. Such means are shown in Figures 1,
2 and 3. In suitable bearings above each end die is mounted an oscillating shaft E
which is provided at its inuer end with the stripping finger E. The end of the
finger is extended downward in close proximity to the stationary retaining die and
in position to engage the end of the forging when thrown forward. A spring E³
applied to the shaft E holds the stripping finger normally in the position represented
in Figure 3. At its outer end the shaft E is provided with a downwardly
projecting arm E³ to which is pivotally attached a latch E having on its under
side a lip E and an incline E. Upon each sliding block or cross-head D® is
mounted an adjustable strip E having an upwardly projecting lip E, and upon a
stationary bracket E, in close proximity to the cross-head D, is, mounted a
pin E (having an anti-friction roller) for co-operation with the incline E. As
the cross-head De moves forward, the lip E8 slips under the latch E and on the
return movement of the cross-head, the lip Es engages the lip E' of the latch and
draws it backward, thereby rocking the shaft E and causing the finger E' to kick
the forging out of the stationary die. As the latch continues its movement with
the cross-head, its incline E6 rides up on the roller of the pin E10 and effects a
disengagement of the latch from the lip Es, the spring E2 returning the latch E*
and finger E' to their normal positions.
When the article to be forged is greatly over-balanced or very large at one end,
it is preferable to use billets of a diameter slightly greater than that of the mold
formed between the two retaining dies so that the billet may be gripped slightly
by the retaining dies and thereby held from displacement before the action of the
end or upsetting dies. In order to locate such stock properly, I prefer to employ
gauging and retaining fingers which determine the position of the billet and
retain it temporarily in position but are themselves withdrawn in time to clear the
moving parts as they come into action. As clearly represented in Figures 5 and 6,
two bevelled retaining fingers F F and a straight gauging finger Fare supported
normally in the position represented in Figure 5, by an L-shaped carrier F2,
Figure 6, the long arm of which is secured to a part F3 which is pivotally mounted
upon a fixed support and constitutes a hinge-like support for said carrier so that if
the part F be oscillated, the fingers F and F will be lifted from their normal
position and out of the way of the moving parts of the mechanism. For the
purpose of lifting the fingers out of the way at the proper time, I have mounted in
suitable guides upon the fixed framework of the machine a rod F which abuts at
one end against the upper edge of the hinged support F3, or against an ear or lug
thereon, and at its other end stands in the path of a lug which is secured to the
rocking frame C, so that, just before the latter completes its forward movement,
the lug F strikes the rod F and causes the fingers to be lifted out of the way of
the dies and holders. In the operation of the machine provided with these
retaining and gauging fingers, the operator first places the billet in the fixed die,
where it is held in place by the retaining fingers FF; he then pushes the billet

page_text: longitudinally into the position determined by the gauging finger F. The fingers
remain in the position represented during the first part of the movement of the
dies and are lifted just before the movable gripping or retaining die comes into
place.
As hereinbefore indicated, it is highly desirable that the shaft B and the parts
carried by it should be brought to rest after the completion of every cycle of
operations, that is to say, at every rotation of the shaft, in order that the fresh
billet to be operated upon may be properly placed in position. All of these parts
are exceedingly ponderous and the mechanism for starting and stopping their
movement requires to be specially adapted for the purpose. One form of such
starting and stopping or clutch mechanism is represented in Figures 7, 8 and 9,
although it will be evident that I am not restricted to the use of that particular
clutch mechanism or of any other particular clutch mechanism, but that other
forms of clutch mechanism may be substituted therefor and answer the requirements
of the machine. In the construction shown in the drawings, I prefer to mount
upon the shaft B, so as to rotate thereon, a ponderous driving and balance
wheel G which is preferably itself driven from a counter-shaft by a belt.
The shaft B is formed or provided with an enlarged hub. B, which forms one
member of the clutch, while upon the hub G¹ of the wheel G is loosely mounted
a cushioning ring G2 which rotates with the wheel and constitutes the other
member of the clutch. The ring G2 is not rigidly secured to the wheel G, but is
loosely mounted on the hub thereof. A pin G³, which is firmly fixed in the wheel
and enters a recess G in the face of the ring G2, prevents back-lash and
consequently prevents the throwing out of the cushion plates hereinafter referred
to. The recess is larger in diameter than the engaging end of the pin, so that the
ring may move to a limited extent with respect to the wheel. At opposite points
the ring G2 is provided with projecting brackets G³ for co-operation with
corresponding lugs G which project on the inner face of the wheel in line with said
brackets. Between each bracket G and the corresponding lug Go are interposed
several picces G' of sheet metal, these pieces being held in position by retaining
plates G. The play between the driving pin G³ and the wall of the recess G
permits some compression of these cushion pieces between the lugs Go and
brackets G5 and the ring is in fact driven from the wheel through them and they
thus reduce the shock when the clutch is engaged, as hereinafter described, and
the machine started. The cushioning action of the sheets of metal is further
increased by loading them with a heavy lubricant. In the hub B' is formed a
guide-way B2, parallel with the axis of the shaft, for the reception of a driving
dog H, which is adapted to engage a shoulder of the ring G, at one end of an
arc-shaped recess G which is preferably about one-quarter of the circumference of
the ring in length. The dog is pressed normally into engagement with the ring
by a spring Hand is provided with a shoulder H2, by means of which it may be
withdrawn from engagement with the ring and so release the shaft from the driving
wheel. The movement of the dog H is effected by the engagement therewith of
a cam I which has a thin entering edge and is formed upon or carried by a release
bar which is mounted to slide toward and from the shaft in suitable ways
attached to the fixed frame work of the machine, so that the dog H may be
withdrawn or permitted to remain in engagement with the ring G2 at the will of
the operator.
The mechanis.n for shifting the release bar 11 is so arranged that it may be
brought into position easily by the operator and the actual work of shifting the
bar be performed by the machine itself. For this purpose a supplementary bar 12
is mounted upon the release bar 1 and is slotted as at 13 to receive a pin 14
which is fixed to the release bar 1. A spring 1 normally pulls the supplementary
bar 12 toward the shaft and yet permits the supplementary bar to be moved outward
easily until the rear end of the slot 13 engages the pin I. The supplementary
bar. I is connected by a link 18 to one arm of a bell crank lever 17, the other
arm of which is connected by a pull rod Is to a treadle K. The operator,

page_text: therefore, by placing his foot upon the treadle K draws the supplementary bar I'
outward until it engages positively the release bar I. The further movement of
the supplementary bar, which draws with it the release bar and takes the cam I
out of the path of the shoulder H2 on the dog H, is effected by the continued
movement of the wheel G. For this purpose, there is affixed to the first mentioned
arm of the bell crank lever l' a tripping blade L, which stands in proximity to
the rim of the wheel G, upon the side of which are secured tripping dogs or
pins L' for co-operation with the tripping blade. When the treadle is elevated
the tripping blade is held in such position by the bell crank lever I that it is
cleared by the dogs or pins L¹, but when the treadle is depressed by the foot of
the operator, the free end of the tripping blade is swung outward so that the blade
is engaged by the pin or dog Land by the forward movement thereof is shoved
outwardly, rocking the bell crank lever further and causing a further movement of
the supplementary bar 12 and an effective movement of the release bar I'. As
already indicated, the movement of the cam I outward prevents the disengagement
of the dog H from the ring G2 and permits the wheel and shaft to remain in
connection. If the release bar is not withdrawn the cam will remain always in
position to withdraw the dog at each rotation of the shaft. A heavy spring 19
returns the release bar to operative position. It will be evident that the wheel
itself, acting through the dogs L', effects the release of the driving dog H at
exactly the right time in relation to the movement of the shoulder of the clutch
ring G, so that it has time to make a full engagement against its shoulder,
preventing the upsetting of the edge and consequent injury to the ring. It also
assists the operator greatly in tripping the heavy mechanism.
Fast to the hub B' is a brake block M, which in the construction shown serves
also as the сар to retain the dog H in position or is secured to said cap. A band
or strap M is secured at one end to a suitable casting M2, which is attached
to the fixed frame of the machine, and passes over a rounded casting M³, also
secured to the fixed frame; the other end of the band is attached to an adjustable
tightening rod M4 whereby the tension of the band may be regulated. Between
the castings M and M³ the band stands in the path of the brake block M so that
by contact of the brake block with the band, the shaft is brought always to rest
in the same position.
It will be understood that where it is practicable to do so, with regard to the
shape of the article, it is desirable to so shape the retaining dies as to cause the
movable die to overcome the tendency of the forging to cling to the stationary
die and consequently to strip the forging therefrom. Wherefore, as illustrated
in Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15, the two dies are equally divided, and a somewhat
greater portion of the recess for the barrel of the forging is formed in the movable
die, necessitating of course, a slight departure from a perfect cylinder in order
to prevent the hooking of the die over the barrel of the forging, but yet a
less departure than would be employed under like circumstances with other
mechanisms.
Referring to the preferred form of starting and stopping mechanism shown in
Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19, it will be seen that the shaft A, has rigidly secured
thereto, as by a key a, a clutch member or spider or wheel B, which has a
tapered working face 6 for co-operation with the corresponding face c of the
driving and fly-wheel C*, which is continuously rotated by a belt or otherwise,
the driving of the shaft A" being effected by the working engagement of the
faces b and c. The driving wheel C₁x is mounted to rotate upon the shaft A", by
a hub C adapted for the purpose, and can be moved longitudinally upon the shaft
enough to cause the faces b and c to stand in or out of working contact. For the
purpose of thrusting the driver (I normally away from the spider or wheel B" in
order to separate the working faces b and c, I prefer to interpose between the
hub C2 of the driver and the hub B12 of the spider B", a bearing ring D, which
rests against the face of the hub B12 and is compelled to rotate with the hub C2 by
the engagement therewith of the tube or shell E12 of a grease cup E" which is

page_text: fixed in the hub C2. One or more springs F" are seated in the hub C2 and bear
upon the ring D", an adjusting screw F and sleeve Fa¹ being arranged to regulate
the tension of the spring.
i¹
For the purpose of crowding the driver C into working contact with the
spider B", I have provided an hydraulic device which is so constructed and
arranged as to obtain the maximum of pressure with the minimum of friction
between the operating parts. The end of the shaft A" is chambered, as at a', and
screw threaded to receive a sleeve G which is secured in position by a lock-nut g
and serves as a bearing and packing sleeve for a stationary tube G. The latter
has within the chamber a¹ a flange gl between which and the end of the sleeve G"
is interposed suitable bearing and packing material so that the sleeve G" may turn
freely with the shaft A" about the stationary tube G. Upon the end of the
shaft A is formed or secured, as by a jam-nut h, a hub H" between which and
the shaft A is formed an annular space which communicates with the chamber a¹
through a port a². An annular piston I" fits within the space, being provided at
its end with a suitable packing i. The piston I" is preferably caused to rotate
with the hub H" by a keeper J" which slides freely through the hub H" and is
secured to the flange of the piston I". The tube or cylinder J12 of a grease
cup J2 may also be secured to the flange of the piston 111 and slide through the
lub H, as represented. The piston I bears against the bearing ring Ca which
is carried with the driver C. The tube G is connected to any suitable source
of pressure through suitable controlling devices, such as are described hereinafter,
whereby the application of pressure will force the piston I" forward upon the
shaft and the driver C¹× into driving contact with the spider B". As soon as
the pressure is released the springs will force the driver back out of driving
contact with the spider, permitting the former to continue its revolutions while
the latter is brought to rest.
As it is desirable in the machine to which reference has been made to bring
the shaft A to rest in a predetermined position, I have provided a brake which
is adapted to co-operate with the shaft, preferably through the spider B, and
may also be controlled by the same devices which control the clutch already
described. To the spider P, parallel with the plane of rotation, is secured a
segmental plate of metal, B2, which is knife-edged at its forward or leading
end as indicated in Figure 18. With this plate B21 are adapted to co-operate
two brake-jaws K" and K12 which are preferably faced with wood or other
suitable friction material, k. The construction and arrangement of the brake-jaws
is clearly shown in Figures 18 and 20 to 23 inclusive. As represented in Figure 23
the friction plates or brake shoes kk are carried by screws k¹, the distance
between the plates kk being preferably somewhat less than the thickness of the
plate B on the spider B". The jaw K is supported by a rigid standard K" while
the jaw K is movable with respect to the jaw K", being supported in part upon
a shoulder 2, Figure 21, of the standard K and being attached at its rear end
to the jaw K by squaring bolts kk. The jaw K12 is not so rigidly held by the
bolts but that at its forward end it may be moved slightly toward or from
the jaw K so as to decrease or increase the distance between the friction
plates kk. Upon or with the jaw K" is formed or secured a cylinder K³, which
is connected to a suitable source of pressure. Within the cylinder K³ is fitted a
piston K to which is secured a piston rod K. The latter passes through the
jaw K", in the rear of the friction plates *k, and engages the jaw K12, as indicated
at 15. When the pressure is applied to the piston K the jaw K is drawn toward
the jaw K", diminishing the distance between the friction plates kk, so that as the
plate B2 enters between said plates k k it shall be subjected to such friction as to
bring the spider B" and the shaft A" to rest.
The means for controlling the application of pressure to the piston 111 of the
clutch and to the piston K of the brake are so arranged as to cause the release of
the clutch and the application of the brake at the same time, and vice versa, so that
either the clutch or the brake is in operation all the time. The means devised for

page_text: The
this purpose and the connection for such means to the clutch and brake are shown
clearly in Figures 16, 24 and 25. The hydraulic pressure is supplied from any
suitable source by a feed-pipe L" through an ordinary three-way valve having a
shell M and a core N capable of oscillating within the shell in the usual manner.
From the valve, pipes O and P lead respectively to the pipe G and the
cylinder K. The valve may also be provided with an exhaust pipe Q.
ports of the valve are so arranged that when the core of the valve is in position to.
connect the pipe O with the feed L", the pipe P will be in communication with
the exhaust Q, and vice versa.
The valve-stem n has secured at its outer end a cam
lever N¹ having two arms n¹ and n², the former of which is adapted to be
engaged by a lug r which is carried by a rod R. The rod R is connected at its
upper end to a crank disc R' and at its lower end, through a spring and a
connecting rod ³, to one arm ³ of a rock-shaft 4 to which a treadle is affixed at
a convenient point. The rod R slides freely through a sleeve R³ which is loosely
hung in the end of a bar R³, the latter being free to slide in a guide R*, which is
carried by the supporting standard, and being forced normally outward by a
spring R to swing the lug on the rod R away from the arm n¹ of the cam
lever N. The arm n of the cam lever N¹ stands in the plane of movement of a
stud or roller or other projection a2 which may be fixed eccentrically on the end
of the shaft A" and is indicated in its proper relative position by dotted lines in
Figure 24. The crank disc R' is driven continuously from any suitable source and
the rod R therefore receives a continuous reciprocation in a vertical direction.
Normally, as herein before stated, the red R is held away from the cam lever on the
valve stem and the treadle is held in its relative position by the action of the
spring R upon the sliding bar R³. If the treadle is depressed the rod R will be
drawn toward the cam lever N', and if this action takes place during the downward
movement of the rod R the spring will permit the parts to yield and the lug r
to slip past the end of the arm n¹ of the cam lever N', the said cam lever being
then in position represented by dotted lines in Figure 24 in which position it causes
the clutch members B and C to be held out of operative contact, the brake at
the same time being closed. As the rod R moves upward the lug r engages the
arm n' and throws it into the position represented in full lines in Figure 24, thereby
shifting the valve and causing the brake to be opened and the clutch to be closed.
The machine therefore starts and as the shaft A" completes its revolution, the
roller a thercon strikes the arın n² of the cam lever N' and shifts the valve to its
original position, thereby opening the clutch and closing the brake and bringing
the machine to rest. It will be apparent that the attendant is required to use no
more force than is necessary to overcome the resistance of the spring R and to
swing the rod R. The continuously rotating crank-disc R₁ thereupon effects the
desired movement of the valve in one direction and the movement of the machine
itself effects the movement of the valve in the opposite direction at the moment
required for the stopping of the machine. It will be understood that in practice .
the brake is set before the segmental plate B21 reaches it as otherwise the movement
of the brake would not be quick enough on account of the great speed and weight
of the spider B¹¹.
The operation of the machine as a whole will be clearly understood from the
foregoing description of the construction and mode of operation of the several
mechanisms which make up the complete machine and will therefore require no
further explanation herein. It will be seen that the mechanism is capable of use.
for swaging or stamping cold metal as well as for forging, the dies being properly
shaped for the purpose, and it will be obvious, moreover, that the said invention is
not restricted to the particular construction which is herein shown and described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a forging machine, the combination of a sliding die-holder, a rocking-frame

page_text: a
supported upon an axis in line with said die-holder and having an eccentric bearing
point, a link intermediate die-holder and rocking-frame and constituting with said
rocking-frame a toggle lever, a hand lever connected to said rocking-frame to shift
the same, and a cam in line with said die-holder and the axis of said rocking-frame
and adapted to act upon the bearing point of said rocking-frame and to effect a
further movement thereof after the action of the hand lever substantially as shown
and described.
2. In a forging machine, the combination of a sliding die-holder, a rocking-frame
supported upon an axis in line with said die-holder, a link intermediate said die-
holder and rocking-frame and constituting with said rocking-frame a toggle lever,
a cam in line with said die-holder and the axis of said rocking-frame and adapted
to act upon said rocking-frame, and a bearing point on said rocking-frame for said
cam out of the line of the axes of the rocking-frame and cam, substantially as shown
and described.
3. In a forging machine, the combination of a sliding die-holder, a rocking-frame
supported upon an axis in line with said die-holder and having an eccentric bearing
point, a link intermediate said die-holder and rocking-frame and constituting with
said rocking-frame a toggle lever, a shaft in line with said die-holder and the axis
of said rocking-frame, a cam on said shaft adapted to bear upon said eccentric
bearing point of said rocking-frame out of line with the axes of said frame and
shaft to thrust said die-holder forward, and a toe cam on said shaft adapted to
strike upon a projection from said rocking-frame and to withdraw said holder,
substantially as shown and described.
4. In a forging machine, the combination of a stationary die-holder, a movable
die-holder, means for actuating said movable die-holder, retaining fingers standing
normally in front of the stationary die-holder and adapted to hold an article
temporarily in position between themselves and the stationary die, a movable
carrier for said retaining fingers and a device actuated by the operating means of
the movable die-holder to shift said carrier and withdraw said fingers as the movable,
die-holder moves forward substantially as shown and described.
5. In a forging machine, the combination of a stationary die-holder, a movable
die-holder, means for actuating said movable die-holder, retaining fingers adapted
to hold an article temporarily in position, a carrier for said retaining fingers, a
hinged support to which said carrier is secured, and a rod adapted to be actuated
by the operating means of the movable die-holder to swing said hinged support
and withdraw the retaining fingers substantially as shown and described.
6. In a forging machine, the combination of a stationary die-holder, a movable
die-holder, means for actuating said movable die-holder, a stripper standing normally
in front of the stationary die-holder and adapted to engage the forging and to eject
it from the stationary die, a reciprocating part, a hooked rod to engage said
reciprocating part, and intermediate means whereby said stripper is actuated by the
movement of said hooked rod substantially as shown and described.
7. In a forging machine, the combination of a stationary die-holder, a movable
die-holder, means for actuating said movable die-holder, a rock-shaft, a stripper
secured to said rock-shaft and standing normally in front of the stationary die-
holder, and adapted to engage the forging to eject it from the stationary die, an
arm secured to said rock-shaft, a reciprocating part, a hooked rod to engage said
reciprocating part and connections from said hooked rod to said rock-shaft,
substantially as shown and described.
8. In a forging machine, the combination of a stationary die-holder, a movable
die-holder, means for actuating said movable die-holder, a stripper finger mounted
to oscillate in front of the stationary die-holder and adapted to engage the forging
and to eject it from the stationary die, a reciprocating part and a hooked rod
connected to the stripper finger to oscillate the same and adapted to engage a
projection on said reciprocating part, substantially as shown and described.
9. In a forging machine, the combination of a stationary die-holder, a movable
die-holder, means for actuating said movable die-holder, a stripper adapted to

page_text: engage the forging and to eject it from the stationary die, a reciprocating part and
a hooked rod connected to the stripper to actuate the same an adapted to engage
a projection on said reciprocating part and having also an incline to co-operate
with a fixed pin whereby in the continued movement of the reciprocating part the
hooked rod is disengaged therefrom, substantially as shown and described.
10. In a forging machine, the combination of a stationary die-holder, a movable
die-holder, means for actuating said movable die-holder, a stripper adapted to
engage the forging and eject it from the stationary die, a reciprocating part, an
adjustable bar mounted on said reciprocating part and having a lip, and a hooked
rod connected to the stripper to actuate the same and adapted to engage the lip on
said reciprocating part substantially as shown and described.
11. In a clutch mechanism, for a forging machine the combination of a driven
part and a driver movable into or out of working contact, a brake for said driven
part, an hydraulic piston aud cylinder for operating said brake, an hydraulic piston
and cylinder to press said driver and driven part into working contact, a single
valve and independent connections to said cylinders, and means to actuate said
valve whereby pressure may be applied to one or the other of said pistons
substantially as shown and described.
12. In a clutch mechanism, for a forging machine the combination with a driven
part and a driver movable into or out of working contact, a brake for said driven
part, an hydraulic piston and cylinder for operating said brake, and hydraulic
piston and cylinder to press said driver and driven part into working contact, a
single valve and independent connections to said cylinders, a lever for shifting said
valve to admit pressure to one or the other of said cylinders and means actuated by
said driven part to shift said lever, substantially as shown and described.
13. In a forging machine, the combination with a shaft, of an hydraulic piston
and cylinder to control the movement of said shaft, a valve and connections to
control the application of pressure to said piston, a lever connected to said valve to
shift the same and an eccentric projection carried by said shaft and adapted to shift
said lever as the shaft is rotated, substantially as shown and described.
14. In a forging machine, the combination with a valve having a shifting lever
connected thereto, of a longitudinally reciprocating rod free to swing and having a
projection to engage said lever and means to swing said rod into or out of proximity
to said lever substantially as shown and described.
15. In a forging machine the combination with a valve having a shifting lever
connected thereto, of a longitudinally reciprocating rod free to swing and having a
projection to engage said lever, a slide to which said rod is connected, a spring
connected to said slide to swing said rod away from said lever, and means to swing
said rod toward said lever, substantially as shown and described.
16. In a forging machine the combination with a valve having a shifting lever
connected thereto, of a longitudinally reciprocating rod free to swing and having a
projection to engage said lever, a treadle and connections to swing said rod toward
said lever, and a spring interposed in said connections whereby said rod is permitted
to yield, substantially as shown and described.
17. In a forging machine the combination with a wheel mounted to rotate and a
relatively short plate secured thereto parallel with the plane of rotation, of
brake jaws arranged on opposite sides of the path of said plate and means to force
said jaws together to clamp. said plate between them substantially as shown and
described.
18. In a forging machine the combination with a wheel mounted to rotate and a
plate secured thereto parallel with the plane of rotation, of brake jaws arranged on
opposite sides of the path of said plate, an hydraulic cylinder carried by one of
said jaws and a piston and connection to the other of said jaws whereby said jaws
may be forced together to clamp said plate between them substantially as shown
and described.
19. In a forging machine the combination with a wheel mounted to rotate and a
plate secured thereto parallel with the plane of rotation, of a standard fixed in

page_text: proximity to said wheel, a brake jaw rigidly supported by said standard, a movable
brake jaw supported by said standard, said brake jaws being adapted to clamp said
plate between them, a cylinder carried with said rigid brake jaw, and a piston for
said cylinder connected to said movable jaw.
Dated the 26th day of January 1897.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London,
For the Applicant.