Improvements in Carrying Spring Arrangements applicable for Perambulators and other Vehicles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Aug., 1893-Accepted, 9th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL DI MOTIVATION
Improvements in Carrying Spring Arrangements applicable for
Perambulators and other Vehicles.
I, JOHN BRINKLEY MARSHALL, of 4 Corn Exchange, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention, to be as follows:-
My invention applies to and is more particularly intended for perambulators but
may be used for other light vehicles.
My invention consists in combining and arranging a-belical spring or springs or
two sets of them one on each side of the vehicle or each axle between the body and
the axle boxes of the perambulator or other vehicle so that the weight of such is
sustained upon the springs.
According to one modification of my invention, there are two projecting arms
descending from the body of the vehicle at some distance apart and the end of one
helical spring is connected to the lower end of one arm and the other end of the
spring is attached to the end of the other arm.
The axle box is secured to or held in any convenient manner at the middle of
the lengthway of the helical spring, the weight of the vehicle thus arranged acting
to bend the helical spring to some extent to the bow form.
According to another modification similar to that above described there are two
separate helical springs one end of one is secured to one descending arm from the
body of the vehicle and the other to the axle box and the other spring is secured in
like manner to the other side of the axle box and to the other arm descending from
the vehicle.
According to another modification of the last above described the helical springs
are placed in an inclined position.
According to another modification one helical spring is above and in compression,
and the other is below the axle box and is in extension, the ends of both springs
being connected with the body of the vehicle.
According to another modification, two curved levers or arms are jointed
together and to the body of the vehicle and the curved ends of the levers or arms
rest upon a plate or bar connected with the axle box and also connected with the
body of the vehicle by vertical studs from the said plate or bar to hold it in
position and prevent it from moving laterally while allowing it free vertical
movement. The two arms or levers are connected by an helical spring.
Some or all the modifications above described may be reversed in position and
there is one set of helical springs on each side of the perambulator or other vehicle,
for each axle or wheel, but in some cases one spring arrangement only is or may be
used for two axles or wheels on one side.
Where necessary guiding pins or studs or equivalent arrangements are or may be
applied to the modifications above described.
Dated this Fifth day of November 1892.
PETER J. LIVSET,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Carrying Spring Arrangements applicable for
Perambulators and other Vehicles.
I, JOHN BRINKLEY MARSHALL, of 4 Corn Exchange, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention applies to and is more particularly intended for light vehicles used
for common roads.
Ordinary light vehicles for common roads are generally fitted with flat elliptical
or other form of flat bent springs to absorb the shock and vibration; but these
springs are so arranged and secured to the body of carriage and axles that they in
great part only yield to the weight of the load and to shocks and vibrations in a
vertical plane, and do not provide for shocks or vibrations (except to a very limited
extent) in a horizontal or lateral direction.
The object of my invention is to obviate the above named objections to the flat
bent springs in ordinary use for light vehicles used on common roads.
My invention consists in combining and arranging two or three helical springs
(three by preference) on each side of a vehicle between the axle and the body of
the light vehicle, so that the weight of the vehicle and its load will be borne by
the helical springs, which also take shocks or vibrations forwards, backwards, or
laterally in about a horizontal direction.
Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation in the plane of the axle of a light common road
vehicle, and
Fig. 2, is a cross sectional elevation, illustrating the mode of carrying out my
invention, as applied to one side of the vehicle both sides being the same.
a, is part of the body of the light vehicle; b, part of the ordinary axle for the
wheels; c, part of the wheel on one side of the vehicle.
To the body a, of the vehicle on each side, a bracket d, is secured. Such a
bracket is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and detached by Figs. 3 and 4 respectively edge
sectional and side elevations.
This bracket d, has a central hole or ring formed in it for the axle b, to pass
through, leaving sufficient space for the axle to oscillate both vertically and
horizontally.
On the axle b, a disc or collar or a double disc or collar e, is forged or secured,
having holes in it by which the ring ends of three helical springs f', f and f³, may
be secured by passing a pin or screw, through the hole in the collars or discs,
and the ring or hook upon the end of the helical spring, the other ends of the
helical springs are or may be secured each to a tubular projection d', from the side
of the bracket d, by means of a pin or screw or bolt f³.
Thus arranged there are two helical springs f1, and 1%, acting in a horizontal.
direction, and one f³, in a vertical direction, but the connections of the ends of the
springs with the axle b, and bracket d, permit of lateral movement in the lengthway
of the axle b.
It will be seen that as the vehicle and consequently the bracket d, descends by
the weight of the load upon the vehicle, the two horizontal helical springs ƒ¹ and ƒ³,
will take inclined positions and bear a portion of the vertical load because the
axle b, being supported by the wheels, it is the brackets d, which descend by the
addition of weight or load upon the vehicle, and pull down the outer ends of those
helical springs.
Any shock caused in starting or backing the vehicle or by road obstructions upon
the wheels, come upon the horizontal helical springs f¹, and f, all three helical
springs acting to absorb and resist lateral oscillations in the direction of the
lengthway of the axle b.

page_text: Instead of directly connecting the ring or hook at each end of each helical spring
it may be first connected to a ring f, as shown in Fig. 5, so that the springs may
more freely give way both to vertical and lateral movements.
In some cases, one end of each helical spring may be screw threaded and passed
through a hole in a projection d, from the bracket as illustrated by Fig. 6, and
have lock screw nuts by which the tension upon the spring may be adjusted.
Instead of the end of the helical spring being screw threaded its eye or ring may
be hooked in a hook or eye bolt, which will allow the spring more freedom to
oscillate, and at the same time allow of adjustment. Other arrangements for
adjusting the tension upon the springs may be used.
Fig. 7, is a cross sectional, and Fig. 8, an edge view illustrating a mode of
forming the parts to be secured to the axle particularly to existing axles when my
invention is to be applied to them.
It consists of two discs of metal e, joined together at the upper side, or it is a
casting of malleable metal having a hole to pass upon the axle b, and set screw e¹,
with a lock nut to secure the part on the axle b.
Or this part is or may be formed in two halves, and clamped to the axle by.
bolts.
The bracket d, and other parts, may be varied in form and arrangement, and the
vertical spring f³, may be in some cases dispensed with without departing from
the main features of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
The combination and arrangement of two helical springs fl and f³, or three
helical springs f¹, f and f³, with the axle and body of the vehicle on each side of
it, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings.
Dated this Second day of August 1803
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.