Year: 1885

page_text: I JOSEPH SINCLAIR FAIRFAX of No. 3 St. Pauls Road, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
•
This invention relates to pocket books, cases, wallets, or receptacles for holding
various things such as letters, cards, money, tobacco, photographs, stamps, and other
articles. These pocket books, wallets, or cases may be combined with calenders,
useful tables, diaries, Christmas, birthday, and other cards, or other matter of
interest for reference, instruction or display; and used for advertising purposes.
.
The materials employed may consist of real or imitation leather, paper, card,
mill, or straw board, sheet metal, fabrics, ordinary book binders cloth, or various.
combinations thereof. These are sewn, pasted, glued, riveted, or the several parts
attached as required by metal fastenings, wire staples, or other suitable means; in
the usual, or in certain novel forins, for the purposes named.
For such articles as are thin, the containing cases or receptacles are intended to
be as thin and cheap as possible; so as to avoid the bulkiness of the ordinary kinds
now in service; especially those having several pockets; and to enable advertisers
to distribute an article of utility bearing their card or advertisement, and thus to
keep their names or business before the public. Coloured cards or other ornamental
or business matter, are likewise formed into useful cases or receptacles for holding
letters, cards, stamps, court plaster, needles, and the like; which may be sent as
Christmas, birthday, and other cards of compliment; and thus serve a useful
purpose.
In the cheapest, and some other kinds, a number of cases or wallets may be made
at one time from a large piece or pieces of the material employed, and after folding,
attaching, sewing, or otherwise making up the said cases in the: style wanted, they
can then be cut up into single books, or .cases; thus greatly economizing time,
labour, and material.
Many single, double, or other fold business cards may be readily converted into
useful wallets or cases by attaching thereto sides or gusset pieces, so as to make
them open as, pockets or purses; although these are dispensed with in the cheapest
forms, wherein the card or other material is merely folded or doubled, and the folds
securely attached to each other by suitable fastenings. Strengthening pieces of
fabric are sometimes attached to the cards at the backs, or other places likely to
wear; or the whole case or book made of the fabric and separate cards glued or

page_text: otherwise attached to the same.
In some instances the cards are cut or pierced,
and a fabric passed through the slit; or the fabric is cut into various forms of
pocket, strengthening piece, or bands, and secured to the card or other material
used. Suitable provision is made for elastic band and other kinds of fastenings,
and for pencils and pens, where they are required.
The cheapest forms inay be entirely made of cardboard or paper, either singly or
several at a time as previously described. When required for advertising and some
other purposes, the printing can be done upon the material either before, or after
making up into the desired forms. In some cases useful tables or other matters of
reference, which may have special allusion to some particular trade or business can
be thus printed with other matter directly on the pocket book or receptacle
material, or separately and attached thereto, or placed therein; thus rendering it
an inducement to retain the wallet in ordinary use for advertising purposes.
For the better kind, or for those intended for sale, leather, book binders cloth,
either
paper lined with a fabric, and other like materials are intended to be used;
entirely throughout or in combination with card or paper for flexible wallets or
cases; while metal may be used alone or combined with any other material where
stiff or rigid cases are wanted. In those wallets or cases intended to hold articles
of some thickness, paper, card board, metal, or other article used may be moulded,
corrugated, indented, or otherwise formed to receive the said articles to be held,
and also arranged to receive printed matter in addition.
It is intended where the style, form, or material used will permit, to cut out the
body or extended form of the pocket book, wallet, or case, in one piece, and by
folding the material in various ways, form the pockets or receptacles required.
Some of these pockets are shaped by folding or cutting the material used at varying
angles with the sides or ends of the material, so that a single thickness of the same
forms the division between two pockets to avoid waste and thickness. By folding
a suitable piece of material backwards and forwards and sewing or securing the
ends, several pockets may thus be readily formed with a small amount of material.
By this method access is had to the pockets on both sides or edges of the case or
receptacle; instead of from one side only, as is usual.
This invention further comprises a pocket book, case, wallet, or receptacle, so
arranged that the sides or flaps are capable of opening in either direction, instead
only of one. This is obtained by the use of straps or hinges made of metal,
elastic, paper, cardboard, tapes, ribbons, leather and other suitable substance or
combinations thereof. One or more of the said hinges being attached to each flap
are extended over the inside face of the adjoining flap, and connected to the latter.
This arrangement will permit of articles being placed between the two sides or
flaps and over the straps or hinges named, and when the sides are closed and
opened in the reversed direction, it automatically places the article beneath the
strap or hinge and retains the same in position. The strap or hinge used may be
made of the same material used for the case or receptacle, or combined with any
other kind or kinds required; and so formed that one only is needed for each flap,
although more are sometimes employed. Several sides or flaps may be used in
combination instead only of one-pair, so as to form a series of cases or receptacles
joined to each other. This kind of case or receptacle, like those already named,
may be used for holding papers, cards, money, cigars, pipes, needles, samples of
goods, and the like; may be of any size required; and, as above mentioned, may
be combined with display, ornamental, and reference cards or matter; and likewise
used for advertising purposes.

page_text: I, JOSEPH SINCLAIR FAIRFAX of 433 Strand, formerly of 3 St. Pauls Road,
Camden Town, London, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This invention relates to pocket books, cases, wallets, or receptacles for holding
various things such as letters, cards, money, tobacco, photographs, stamps, and
other articles. These pocket books, wallets, or cases may be combined with
calenders, useful tables, diaries, Christmas, birthday, and other cards, or other
matter of interest for reference, instruction or display; and used for advertising
purposes.
The material employed may consist of real or imitation leather, paper, card, mill,
or straw board, sheet metal, fabrics, ordinary book binders cloth, or various com-
binations thereof. These are sewn, pasted, glued, riveted, or the several parts
attached as required, by metal fastenings, wire staples, or other suitable means; in
the usual, or in certain novel forms, for the purposes named.
For such articles as are usually of thin form, the containing cases or receptacles
are intended to be as thin and cheap as possible. This is to avoid the bulkiness of
the ordinary kinds now in use, especially those having several pockets,—and to
enable advertisers to distribute an article of utility bearing their card or advertise-
ment, and thus to keep their names or business before the public. Coloured cards
or other ornamental, or business matter, are formed into useful cases or receptacles
for holding letters, cards, stamps, court plaster, needles, and the like; which may
be used as Christmas, birthday, and other cards of compliment; and thus serve a
useful purpose.
In the cheaper forms, a number of cases or wallets may be made at one time
from a large piece or pieces of the material employed, and after folding, attaching,
or otherwise making up the said cases in the style wanted, they can then be cut up
into single books or cases; thus greatly economizing time, labour, and material.
Many single, double, or other fold, business cards as now used, may be readily
converted into useful wallets or cases by attaching thereto sides or gusset pieces, so
as to act as pockets and purses, and thus tend to the preservation for a time of an
advertisement that might otherwise be destroyed. In the cheapest form the card
or other material is merely folded or doubled and the folds securely attached to
each other by suitable fastenings, such as wire staples. Strengthening pieces of
fabric are sometimes attached to the cards at the backs or other places exposed to
wear; or the whole of the case or body of the wallet may be made of the fabric,
and separate cards glued or otherwise combined with the same. In some instances
the cards are cut or pierced, and a fabric passed through the slit; or the fabric is

page_text: .
cut into various forms of pockets, and strengthening pieces or bands added, and
combined with cardboard or other material used. Elastic bands, or other fastenings,
are used to keep the wallet or case closed, and the elastic material is so combined
with the card, fabric, or other materials used, as to be self closing; thus acting as
a spring; and further, the elastic material or fabric may be arranged so as to afford
provision for carrying pencils or pens, when required.
The cheapest forms may be entirely made of cardboard or paper, either singly
or several at a time, as previously described. When required for advertising
purposes, and some others, the printing can be done upon the material either
before, or after making up the desired forms. For some purposes, useful tables or
other matters of reference which may have special allusion to some particular trade
or business can be thus printed, (with other matter), directly on the pocket book or
receptacle material, or separately and attached thereto, or placed therein; thus
rendering it an inducement to retain the wallet in ordinary use, and therefore a
desirable medium to be used for advertising purposes.
For the better kinds, or for those intended for sale,-leather, book binders cloth,
paper lined with a fabric and other materials,-may be used. These may be used
separately, or combined with card or paper, or variously combined according to
taste and requirements, for flexible cases or wallets. In wallets or cases intended
to hold articles of some thickness, such as cigarettes and cigars, paper, cardboard,
thin metal sheets, or metal foil may be used alone or variously combined and
moulded, corrugated, indented or otherwise formed to receive the said articles to bo
held, and also arranged to receive printed matter in addition. Stiff paper, thin
cardboard, or book binders cloth, combined with metal foil, and properly moulded
or shaped are found very suitable for the purpose in view, being thin, light, and
cheap, and adaptable for many purposes.
It is intended where the style, form, or material used will permit, to cut out the
body or extended form of the pocket book wallet or case, in one piece; and by
folding the material in various ways, form the pockets or receptacles required.
Some of these pockets are shaped by folding or cutting the material used at
varying angles with the sides or ends of the materials, so that a single thickness of
the same forms the division between two pockets, to avoid waste and thickness.
This, in some cases, requires that the pockets are opened at opposite sides; but
this may be avoided by either folding over from the ends, (having cut the material
suitably for the purpose), or using a separate piece which is attached to the main
body of the wallet. But by folding a suitable piece of material backwards and
forwards, and sewing or otherwise securing the ends, several pockets may thus be
readily formed with a small amount of labour and material; but as previously
stated, access is had to the pockets from opposite sides, instead of from one side
only, as is usual.
The above methods are obviously intended to make a much cheaper article then
anything of the kind now used, in addition to the uses proposed of having display,
reference, and advertising matter added, where such are desired. But it is also
intended to make the articles named thin, neat, and presentable, as well as fairly
strong; so that they may find a ready sale or afford an efficient advertising
medium. In order to reduce labour as far as possible a method has been described
of forming several together, or of putting together the several parts of single
wallets or cases readily, the parts being stamped or cut out of the standard
dimensions. Simple methods of attachment are required, and supplied by pasting
or glueing, or by machine sewing, or by wire staples driven through and clinched
by machine, all of which may be done one at a time, or else several formed and
attached together by any of the methods specified, and afterwards cut up into the
single wallets. In some kinds it is intended to insert pieces of card or felt or other
suitable material between the folds, to give more space between the pockets, and
the fastening staples or sewing may pass through this and the outsides, securing
the. whole, neatly and strongly together. The cases or wallets may then be finished
according to style and taste by covering over the whole or parts of the outside or

page_text: Visible portions by pasting or gluing imitation leather, fabrics, paper or foll, as
before mentioned.
This invention further comprises a pocket book, case, wallet or receptacle so
arranged that the sides or flaps are capable of opening in either direction instead
of in one only. This is obtained by the use of straps or hinges made of metal,
elastic, paper, cardboard, tapes, ribbons, leather and other suitable substances or of
combinations thereof. One or more of the said hinges being attached to each flap
and extended over the inside face of the adjoining flap to be connected to the
latter. This arrangement will permit of articles being placed between the two sides
or flaps and over the straps or hinges named, and when the sides are closed, and
then opened in the opposite direction, it automatically places the article beneath
the strap or hinge and retains the same in position. The strap or hinge used may
be made of the same material used for the sides or flaps of the case or receptacle,
or combined with any other kind or kinds required and so formed that only one is
needed for each flap although more are sometimes employed. This is an improve-
ment upon my invention described in the specification to Letters Patent No. 7423
of 1885, and like those already described may be used for holding papers, cards,
money, cigars, needles, samples of goods, and the like. It may be of any required
size and combined with display, ornamental and reference cards or matter. It may
also have pockets which by the action of the reverse opening become hidden, and
it may likewise be used for advertising purposes. As the reverse opening action
causes it to partake of the nature of a puzzle advertisements or other matter may
be so disposed as to vary or reverse the ordinary meaning, and pictorial matter
arranged so as to be of an entertaining or instructive character.
The reference letters upon the various figures of the accompanying drawing have
a like character or meaning throughout. The material comprising the main body
of the pocket books or wallets, whether of card, fabrics, or other material employed
is indicated by c, strengthening pieces at the ends, or folding portions, or other
places where required, are indicated by d; and the broken line, distinguished from
the ordinary broken line by a dot and short dash alternately, denote the place or
places along which the wallet is folded to open and close. The dark lines beneath
each figure indicate the manner in which the material is folded or arranged to
form pockets or receptacles for the articles named.
Fig. 1 is a card and stamp case combined. It is intended to be made of ordinary
card board folded so as to form two pockets as indicated by the diagram in dark
lines below, the wide pocket being for cards, and the narrow one for stamps or
other like articles. At the ends a piece of bookbinders cloth, d, is attached so as
to form pockets, and behind the broken line along which the case is folded to open
and close, another piece of the same material is attached, d, to strengthen the same
and resist wear.
In Fig. 2 the same materials are used, but the fabric d in this case extends
across the case, so that when folded along the broken line from the beholder the
fabric d is outside, and forms four pockets. In the diagram below, the ends of d
are doubled over the edge of the card c and secured near the edge, but they may he
extended to the central part and secured there instead thus forming inner as well
as outer pockets.
Fig. 3 indicates a similar arrangement, but with two inside pockets; these, when
folded, fitting into the blank portions of the body of the case, and thus laying very
flat or thin when closed. Figs. 4 and 5 are similar in form to Fig. 1, with inclined
shaped pockets to save material and facilitate the insertion or removal of small
articles. Fig. 4 is shown with the coverings d at the edges to enclose the pockets,
but Fig. 5 and other figures where this is not shown may be likewise treated,
where this is required, or be fastened by staples, or an india rubber cord or other
material attached to retain articles within the pockets. Fig. 5 is shown is shown
with two foldings. Fig. 6 has two pockets, one being attached near the centre
along which it is folded, so that when closed the pockets fit into the vacant spaces.
opposite, thus making them lay very thin and compact in the pocket.

page_text: In Fig. 7 the ends are folded reversely so as to form three layers and two
pockets, as shown by the upper diagram a below the figure. The centre portion
has an oblong orifice cut out, indicated by the dotted lines, and the cross marks in
diagram a, so that if a card be inserted in the pocket opening from the left hand
it will project partially through the orifice so that it may be withdrawn from the
right hand pocket. A card may thus be withdrawn from the case whichever side
is uppermost, without requiring to be reversed. In the diagram b, below the
diagram a, the same result is obtained, but in this case, two distinct pieces of card
or material are used and folded double as shown. In this instance the card, coin,
or other article, passes between the two distinct pieces of material forming the
body; the ends being closed as previously stated.
Fig. 8 shows the material c perforated in two places, and a fabric e passed
through the slits and secured to c in such a manner as to form two pockets and
strengthening the back where closed. Fig. 9 is formed by folding the material c
backwards and forwards into four layers and three pockets, one being in the
opposite direction to the others. This is conveniently made of a fabric and sewn
along the sides, or secured by elastic material. Fig. 10 is made of one or two
cards folded or attached as shown, with a gusset or pocket piece inserted at the
sides and attached to the body c; the gussets d being connected to, or used also as
strengthening pieces.
In Fig. 11 two cards are fastened together by wire staples so as to form a
receptacle. Other staples may be inserted at the ends, or elastic, or fabric used to
retain articles within the case. Fig. 12 has three pockets, a small one being made
by reverse folding. Fig. 13 has four pockets, the material not only being reverse
folded but cut and arranged diagonally so that the thick part on one side folds
into the thin side of the other, thus closing very compactly. Fig. 14 is entirely
closed up except at the upper end where there is a flap with a fabric hinge.
A piece of elastic, g, is secured to the flap and to the bottom so that the flap is self
closing when released. This serves for a card or cigarette case, and may be
corrugated.
Fig. 15 consists of two pieces of card, paper, or other material cut out as shown,
the projecting piece h of which extends across the flap or main portion c of the
other, turned over the edge and secured at the back. It is then folded in the
centre on the dash and dot line, and is capable of opening in either direction, the
parts h forming hinges. The parts exposed to view, on either side,-may have
letter press or pictorial matter arranged so as to vary or reverse the ordinary
meaning according to the design and the side from which it is opened. Fig. 16 is
made in the same manner but with three hinge pieces h arranged as shown and
capable of being used in a similar manner to Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is made similarly to
Fig. 16, but the centre hinge h is made wider, and like the two former figures
these hinges are of the same material as the body of the case. It varies however
from them in having pockets access to which is shown by the arrows, and being
made of two separate portions, with an orifice, shown by the dotted lines is similar
to, and may be used as, Fig. 7. There are also two elastic bands ii acting as the
outer hinges and capable of placing automatically beneath, and retaining, post
cards, letters and the like, which have been simply laid within the sides and the
case opened the reverse way. Five pockets may be thus put in this case in the
manner shown, the whole partaking of the nature of a puzzle. Fig. 18 is similar
to Fig. 15, the hinges however coming close together in the centre. These may
have pockets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
. 1. The method of forming or making pocket books, cases, or receptacles sub-

page_text: 2. The method of making two or more pocket books, cases, or receptacles
together, or generally forming the same and afterwards separating them, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described.
3. The use of a pocket book, case, or receptacle, made as described, and combined
with useful, reference, or display matter substantially as required.
4. The method of fastening together portions of a pocket book, case, wallet, or
receptacle, with wire staples, substantially as and for the purpose described.
5. In a pocket book, case, wallet, or receptacle, the method of forming or
arranging pockets so as to fold compactly into spaces as exemplified in Figs. 3, 6,
and 13; substantially as and for the purpose described.
6. Forming a pocket book, case, wallet or receptacle of the materials specified or
combinations thereof, substantially as described.
7. The combination of a pocket book, case, wallet or pocket receptacle having
useful reference or display matter, with advertising matter substantially as
described.
8. Advertising by means of pocket books, cases or wallets, constructed sub-
stantially as described.
9. The double or reverse opening action cases exemplified by Figs. 15, 16, 17
and 18 substantially as and for the purpose described.
10. The several novel forms shown in the drawings or combinations thereof,
substantially as described.
Dated thig 22nd day of Amanat 100G
J. S. FAIRFAX.