Improvements in Mixing, Kneading, Blending, Stirring, Pugging, Beating, Whisking, Malaxating, Straining, Incorporating, Masti- cating, and Amalgamating Machinery and Apparatus.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left. 26th Jan., 1892-Accepted 25th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mixing, Kneading, Blending, Stirring, Pugging,
Beating, Whisking, Malaxating, Straining, Incorporating, Masti-
cating, and Amalgamating Machinery and Apparatus.
I, PAUL PFLEIDERER, of 86 Upper Ground Street, London, S.E., General
Chemical Consulting Mechanical and Baking Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
The main object of this invention is to adapt my "universal single blade" and
other kneading and mixing machines especially those described in my former
Patents dated Dec. 31, 1878 No. 5330, Dec. 11880 No. 50.3 and Nov. 7 1884
No. 14713, and in some cases make them still more particularly suitable to fulfil all
the requirements of modern technology and the chemical industries including the
manufacture of electric carbons glaziers putty, white and red lead, firebricks,
plumbago, india rubber solutions, gutta percha, linoleum, lincrusta, coal tar
derivates, paints colours, ointments, dynamite, securite, roburite cordite and
other smokeless gunpowder, safety-matches, cosmetics, lanoline, margarine butter
gelatines, sizes, glues artificial manures, phosphates, and the various pastes, powders
and other chief and by products, the utilization of all waste products in the
extraction or recovery of valuable matters from which an intimate mechanical
mixing squeezing, and pressing together and kneading or beating and whisking of
the bodies under treatment tends to approach the different molecules and to force
them as it were into the desired chemical reaction or solution with a minimum of
surplus acids or solvents or other more or less valuable or expensive bodies or with
chemicals of a liquid or volatile nature as well as with a minimum of danger to the
life and limbs and to the general health of the workmen.
These improvements are also applicable to other makes or systems of machines.
designed to fulfil similar objects, viz. to most of the so called kneading pugging
mixing stirring whisking or beating machines with horizontal mixing axles as well
as those of the vertical systems in which the mixing axle passes through the
bottom of the container.
The invention consists in the first place
In so constructing the troughs or containers of the machines or the sides through
which the shafts or axles of the mixing blades or arms pass that the troughs or
containers may be made and be easily kept water and even air tight before, during,
and after the mixing operation and that the bearings may be easily renewed or
taken up on the spot when worn without the necessity of removing the entire
machine or the trough to a repairing shop or works.
In the second place In so constructing the troughs and working parts of the said
machines that the material under operation is in no way exposed to the frictional
action which would be caused by its getting between the metallic bearings or
wearing surfaces of such working parts and that the mixing parts and bearings are
all easy of access and can be conveniently taken to pieces so as to ensure scrupulous
cleaning.
In the third place, In coating or covering all tooled faces of iron which come in
contact with the contents of the machine in cases they are acid or otherwise of a
nature to corrode iron from which the oxide skin has been removed with lead or
platinum or other suitable metal or material.
In the fourth place In constructing the machines especially those of very large
size so as to tilt on an axis passing more or less nearly through'or by the centre of
gravity of the trough or container which has to be tilted for emptying or so that by

page_text: a combination of levers the frame or part of the frame is so connected with the
trough or container that when the centre of gravity of the trough rises or falls the
centre of gravity of the frame correspondingly falls or rises in such a manner that
the centre of gravity of both taken together remains or moves during the tilting
operation on almost the same level i.e. at the same unchanged height above the
floor. By making these conditions apply to the trough when charged with half the
full charge the mechanical labour of tilting up the trough for emptying is about
the same as that for moving it back into working position and in cases where. the
machine can be charged from above and may discharge at a lower or at a varying
level the bulk of even this labour is done away with.
In constructing the containers or troughs of the machines with suitable jackets
or false bottoms or I arrange suitable gas burners or steam coils for heating or
cooling the material under operation.
I carry out the objects of my invention by firstly, constructing the bearings of
my machine according to either of the designs shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, and any mere modification thereof. In all these figures A is the axle of
the respective mixing arm or blade, S is the side or bottom of the trough or
container, B is the lubricated outer bearing of axle A C and D are packing rings
F are set screws for tightening up packings E is a rubber or metallic spring to
press working surfaces together to keep the axle tight.
In Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the bearings B are screwed up by screws H to the
sides S of trough while in the other figures they are cast in one with their sides or
walls S of troughs and represent also the construction as applied to halved or split
troughs.
Mare the blades or pieces of their bosses shown as cut off. The drawing
entirely explains itself with this meaning of the letters being given.
I provide the tops, mouths or brims of the trough or container of the machine
with a lid or cover of suitable material as wood metal or glass or either tool or face
them both and rub or grind the lid of the trough so the smallest film of oil or
similar substance quite thinly laid on will make an air tight joint, or I provide one
of the surfaces (preferably the lid) with a more or less elastic packing which
I compress and force into the unevenness so as to make the joint by the weight of
the lid itself or by means of screws attached to itself or to the trough.
Secondly, I give a slight amount of play between the circumference of the
blades M and the cylindrical parts of which the trough T is composed and pass the
axles A through the sides S of the trough also with play all round so that no
contact or friction between metal and metal can take place.
This I make possible by carrying the axles A in bearings B which are arranged
at a distance so far away from the point where the axles pass through the sides S
that the small quantity of material which oozes out at that point can be or is duly
wiped away or scraped off the axle before it can reach the metallic bearing
proper B.
The so oozing out and easily wiped off material can be directed into a suitable
place underneath from which it can be reintroduced into the container or trough T
for remixing with the bulk.
For this purpose of wiping off I sometimes apply a sort of scraper of hard
rubber or other material which is elastically pressed against the axle in an oblique
position thereby scraping or ploughing the oozing out material continuously off
the axle and in order to enable the blades being taken out I construct the
troughs in halves and provide suitable lugs and hinged screws so that the surfaces
fit well and make a tight joint which can easily be broken and remade without
the necessity of taking the fastening bolts or screws right off and risking losing
and mislaying them.
Thirdly provide suitable corings in the casting or turn or tool grooves or rings
or bore holes in such a manner that ends or confines of the metals as lead or
platinum may be forced into them and be so held in position that they with their
acid resisting surfaces form the continuation of the skin or scale of the castings

page_text: or untooled rolled or forged surfaces of the steel or wrought iron parts more or
less entirely plating the working parts.
Fourthly I hinge both the trough and the hind part of the frame or some
levers attached to them on the axis of the driving shaft and connect them or
gear them to each other with corresponding tooth or chain wheel quadrants by
means of pinions or chains common to both of them or simultaneously gearing
into or working over both of them so that when one is raised the other is lowered
and thereby the whole structure is as it were kept in balance.
Fifthly I form canals or channels in the castings or rivet or screw wrought metal
hulls on the outside chiefly of the bottom of the troughs and make suitable inlets and
outlets which may be connected in the case of tilting troughs by rubber or other
flexible piping to some water or steam mains or they are connected through fixed
rigid pipes in which case the inlets and outlets are carried round to the axis on
which the trough tilts and passed through a suitable stuffing box. Or I shape some
perforated gas pipes or some steam pipe coils to coincide with the bottom of the
trough and fix them to the frame.
Dated 26th March 1801
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mixing, Kneading, Blending, Stirring, Pugging,
Beating, Whisking, Malaxating, Straining, Incorporating, Masti-
cating, and Amalgamating Machinery and Apparatus.
A communication from Messrs. WERNER & PFLEIDERER, Cannstadt,
Wurtternburg, Germany.
૬
I PAUL PFLEIDERER of 86 Upper Ground Street, London S.E. General
Chemical Consulting Mechanical and Baking Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to adapt my universal single blade" and other
kneading and mixing machines especially those described in my former Patents
dated December 31st 1878 No. 5330, December 1st 1880 No. 5003 and November 7th
1884 No. 14,713 and to make them still more particularly suitable to fulfil all the
requirements of modern technology and the chemical industries in which an intimate
mechanical mixing squeezing and pressing together and kneading or beating and
whisking of the bodies under treatment tends to approach the different molecules
and to force them as it were into the desired chemical reaction or solution with a
minimum of surplus acids or solvents or other more or less valuable or expensive
bodies or with chemicals of a liquid or volatile nature as well as with a minimum of
danger to the life and limbs and to the general health of the workmen.
These improvements are also applicable to other makes or systems of machines
designed to fulfil similar objects, viz. to most of the so called kneading, pugging
mixing stirring, whisking or beating machines with horizontal mixing axles as well
as those of the vertical systems in which the mixing axle passes through the bottom
of the container.
The invention consists in so constructing the troughs or containers T of the
machines or the sides S through which the shafts or axles A of the mixing blades
or arms M pass, that the troughs or containers may be made and be easily kept
water and even air tight, and that the bearings and stuffing boxes may be easily
renewed or taken up on the spot when worn without the necessity of removing
the entire machine or the trough to a repairing shop or engineering works.
I provide the top mouth or brim of the trough or container of the machine with
a lid L or cover of suitable material as wood metal or glass and either tool or face

page_text: them both and rub or grind the lid of the trough so that the smallest film of oil or
similar substance quite thinly laid on will make an air tight joint, or I provide one
of the surfaces (preferably the lid) with a more or less elastic packing R which I
compress and force into the unevenness so as to make the joint by the weight of the
lid L itself or by means of screws Q attached to itself or to the trough T and I
construct the bearings B and the stuffing boxes of my machine according to either
of the designs shown in Figs. 1 to 11 and I further construct the troughs as shown
Fig. 12-16, 17 & 18 and any mere modification thereof. In all these figures A is
the axle of the respective mixing arm or blade: S is the side of a horizontal or the
bottom of a vertical trough or container of a mixing machine; B is the lubricated
outer bearing for axle A; C. and D are packing rings; F are set screws or studs
for tightening up packings either direct or through the flanged bush L¹; E is a
rubber or metallic spring to press working surfaces together to keep the axle tight.
In Fig. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, which are partial sectional views the bearings B are screwed
up by screws H to the sides S. of trough T while in the other figures they are
represented as being cast in one with the sides or walls S of troughs T and those
Figures 3, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 represent also the construction as applicable or as
applied to halved or split troughs or such as shown in Figs. 12 to 16; M are the
blades or bosses of such blades shown as cut off their respective blades. The
drawing Sheet I is further explained in the description below with this meaning of
the letters being given.
I in some cases give a slight amount of play between the circumference of the
blades M and the cylindrical parts of which the trough T is composed and pass
the axles A through the sides S of the trough also with play all round so that no
contact or friction between metal and metal can take place where the material
under operation comes in contact with it as shown in Fig. 10.
This I make possible by carrying the axles A in bearings B which are arranged
at a distance so far away from the point where the axles pass through the sides S
that the small quantity of material which oozes out at that point can be or is duly
wiped away or scraped off the axles A before it can reach the metallic bearing
proper B. The so oozing out and easily wiped off material can be directed into a
suitable place or receptacle » underneath from which it can be reintroduced into
the container or trough T for remixing with the bulk of the material under opera-
tion. For this purpose, of wiping off I sometimes apply a sort of scraper W
Figs. 8, 9, 10 & 11 of hard rubber or other material which is elastically pressed
against the axle A in an oblique position thereby scraping or ploughing the oozing
out material continuously off the axle. In order to enable the blades being taken
out easily I construct the troughs, as shown in Fig. 12 to 16 in halves and provide
suitable lugs V. and hinged screws Y. so that the surfaces fit well and make a tight
joint which can easily be broken and remade without the necessity of taking the
fastening bolts or screws Y. right off and risking losing and mislaying them.
I further provide suitable corings in the casting or turn or tool grooves or rings
or bore holes in such a manner as shown Fig. 10 that ends or confines P of the
lining metals as lead or platinum may be forced into them and be so held in position
that they with their acid resisting surfaces form the continuation of the skin or
scale of the castings or untooled rolled or forged surfaces of the steel or wrought
iron parts more or less entirely plating these working parts with a corrosion proof
skin or lining.
I also form jackets, canals or channels J in the castings as shown Fig. 17 & 18
or rivet or screw wrought metal hulls Fig. 19 & 20 on the outside, chiefly of the
bottom of the troughs and make suitable inlets i and outlets o which may be con-
nected in the case of tilting troughs by rubber or other flexible piping t to some
water or steam mains or they are connected through fixed rigid pipes a, b,
Fig. 19, 20 & 21 in which case the inlets and outlets c, d, e, f & are carried round
to the axis on which the trough tilts, and are passed through a suitable stuffing
box U.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is sectional elevation showing part of a trough T of an universal kneading
and mixing machine.
Fig. 2 is a side view and section at a a of the same.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the axis of a vertical mixer.
Fig. 4 is a section through the axis of a horizontal mixing machine.
Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are similar sections.
Fig. 9 is a sectional side view belonging to Fig. 8.
Figs. 10 and 11 are sections and views, similar to those Figs. 8 and 9.
All these figures show parts of the trough or container T of respective machine
with one of the blades or mixer axles A and part of the boss of mixer or mixing
blade M the axles A appearing in their places unintersected, bearings B some of
which are shown as bushed or lined and the stuffing boxes and sides of trough being
entirely or partly intersected to show details of construction.
Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7 show bearings B as screwed on to the sides S.
Figs. 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 show them as cast in one body with the sides S.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 show sides S as separate parts or castings screwed or rivetted to
or into the, in this case, generally malleable casing or bottom of trough T while
in Figures 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 the sides S are represented as being cast in one or
forming one piece with the casing thus having the sides and bottoms or ends forming
one continuous whole trough T.
The disc O shown in Figs. 8, 10 and 11 serves to prevent oil or grease coming
from the lubricated bearing from mixing with any material oozing out from the
trough and which is scraped off by scrapers W or otherwise for reuse.
It will be seen from the drawings that the wearing parts are either well adapted
for lubrication, as is the case, with the bearings B or the bushes or brasses, with
which they are bushed or they are easily replaced by new ones, where they cannot
be lubricated, as is the case with C and D, which bushes or linings can easily be
made split, i.e. in segments for still more easy replacing.
Fig. 12 is a side view of a universal kneading and mixing machine trough
designed for easy removal of mixing blades by having the sides S intersected
at a plane passing through the axis of the mixing axles,
Fig. 13 shows upper part of one side S removed,
Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation of the latter,
Fig. 15 a sectional elevation of the part represented by Fig. 12 and
Fig. 16 is a plan of the same with section at xx.
Sheet III illustrates an universal kneading and mixing machine with heating
or cooling jacket on body or trough only, mixing blades not being jacketted, core
being the receptacle or system of labyrinth passages for the steam or water
passing through.
Fig. 17 is a sectional front elevation showing the reversing gear Patent No. 3623
of 1877 on the right and the planetary motion 2 speeds arrangement Patent
No. 2555 of 1891 on the left hand end of the driving shaft.
Fig. 18 is a side view of the same, dotted lines show trough in tilted position.
An alternative design of air tight lid on cover L is illustrated on Sheet V.
Figs. 22 and 23 showing in sectional elevation and in plan the rubber and screwing
down arrangement in detail on a larger scale.
Sheet IV illustrates the working parts of a jacketted universal kneading and
mixing machine with rigid steam or water inlet and outlet arrangement for both
body or trough and mixing blades.
Fig. 19 showing front view with trough and mixer intersected on the line of one
of the blade axes and it shows part of the stand of the frame of the machine with
an arm or bracket cast on carrying the outer bearing B¹ which supports the stuffing
box U.
Fig. 20 shows a corresponding side view.
Tio 21 l

page_text: Various methods of packing are shown in the drawings, in connection with the
stuffing boxes, but such methods are old, and do not form part of the subject matter
of this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
--
In my universal "single blade" and other kneading and mixing machines
described in my former Patents, the devices or modes of construction described and
illustrated and for the purposes stated.
DOCAL
T1000
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.