Iм- PROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND VALVES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E. C., Patent Agent, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND VALVES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS."-
communication from P I Cuvot of Paris
Sealed the 4th June 1858, and dated the 8th December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1857.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND VALVES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF
FLUIDS" (communicated to me by P. J. Guyet, of Paris), to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in employing a block or blocks of vulcanized
caoutchouc, of the kind called in France "alcalin," through or between which
a plate or flat valve is caused to slide by means of levers, a screw and nut, or
other suitable contrivance, the said plate or flat valve having formed in it an
aperture, which by means of such contrivance may be either brought opposite
to a hole or holes in the block or blocks of caoutchouc to allow fluid to pass or
be brought aside from such hole or holes to stop the flow of fluid.
The Invention consists, secondly, in forming the seats of valves generally of
the aforesaid description of caoutchouc wherever the same may be applicable.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E. C.,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND VALVES FOR REGULATING
THE FLOW OF FLUIDS," (communicated to me by P. J. Guyet, of Paris), upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,
my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the'
following statement thereof; reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention consists, first, in employing a block or blocks of vulcanized
caoutchouc of the kind called in France "alcalin," through or between which
a plate or flat valve is caused to slide by means of levers, a screw and nut, or
other suitable contrivance, the said plato or flat valve having formed in it an
aperture, which by means of such contrivance may be either brought opposite'
to a hole or holes in the block or blocks of caoutchouc to allow fluid to pass,
or be brought aside from such hole or holes to stop the flow of fluid.

page_text: The Invention consists, secondly, in forming the seats of valves generally,
of the aforesaid description of caoutchouc wherever the same may be appli-
cable.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed I have illustrated the methods by which
this Invention may be applied to various forms and arrangements of cocks and
valves.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 an external transverse view
of a simple form of cock or valve, constructed with the new improvements.
A ring of caoutchouc a is placed between the flanged metallic plates b, b¹,
united by the nuts and screws c, c'. The plates 6, 6', by embracing flanges on
the pipes d, d', on being screwed tightly together form a water-tight joint
between the said pipes, the caoutchouc ring a being compressed closely and
firmly thereby. In this ring a a vertical slot is formed, and through it a
sliding plate e, having an aperture f through it, is passed. The screws c, c¹,
carry an arched supporting piece 9, within which the nave j of a horizontal
wheel turns freely; this nave is threaded at the centre and receives a rod h
correspondingly threaded at k, which rod is attached to the plate e. If the aper-
ture of the plate e be opposite the central opening of the ring a, direct
communication exists between the pipes d and d¹. By turning the wheel i,
the rod h, and therefore the plate e will be raised, until the aperture fis
brought above the said opening, as indicated in Figure 2, and the communi-
cation between the pipes d and d' is thus closed. By turning the wheel i in
the opposite direction the plate e may be returned into the position shewn in
Figure 1. The flanged plates b, b', may, if desired, be formed in one with the
flanges of the pipes d, d', respectively. By forming holes through the rod h at
different heights, and placing a key or pin therein the valve may be kept open
to any desired extent, and the quantity of fluid passed through it may thus bo
regulated or measured, if desired.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 a transverse sectional view,
of a form of cock or valve resembling that just described, except in so far as
the mode of raising and lowering the plate e is concerned. These are effected
by means of a hand lever l, moving about a pin fulcrum m, at the top of the
double rods n, which oscillate upon the screw c. The lever is connected to
the plate e by a pin or axis o, borne by the fork p, which is part of or con-
nected to the plate e. The handle, and therefore the plate e, may be kept at
any suitable height, by placing a pin in one or other of the holes ', in the
curved plate q, and allowing the handle to rest upon the pin. The quantity
of fluid passed through the cock in a given time may thus be regulated and
measured, if desired. The pipe d is in this case threaded, and the pipe d'

page_text: curved, so as to form together a cock, suitable to be applied to a barrel, tun,
or other such article.
.:
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a cock or valve apparatus, in which the
valve sent a is formed of the description of caoutchouc which has been before
mentioned. The caoutchouc ring a is enclosed in the case b, attached to the
pipe c. Above these the pipe d, formed with an enlarged portion, as shewn, is
placed in such manner as to compress the ring a when screwed down by the
nuts and screws d'. The valve e is attached to the lower end of the rod f, which
passes up through a stuffing box or packing g. A hand lever h, connected at i
to the double oscillating rod j, is pinned to the valve rod f at m. The valve
is opened by raising this hand lever h, and closed by lowering it..
Figures 6 and 7 exhibit in transverse sectional elevations a modification of
the last arrangement. Here the valve is connected with the parts o, o', in
the tube 6. An axle p terminating in a bearing at p', and passing out through
a stuffing box or packing g at p", carries at the place marked ra cam or
cccentric s, and as the handle t is turned, the latter by raising or depressing
the parts o, o', closes or opens the valve e. In this, as in the last case, the
pipes (b, d, and c, d,) may be inclined to each other at any required angle.
In Figures 8 and 9 are shewn, partly in elevation (or plan) and partly in
section, a set of distributing valves, furnished with the improved valve seatings,
which set of valves may be applied to a gasometer, water reservoir, or any
other like apparatus. The supply pipe a has formed upon or connected to it a
flanged case b, which is furnished with as many passages c' as there are dis-
tributing pipes to be supplied. A ring of caoutchouc d (of the kind before
mentioned), pierced with corresponding apertures d', is surrounded by the
flangod case b, against and into which it is pressed by the cover e, which is
screwed tightly to the case by nuts and screws f. The valves 9, 9, are worked.
by excentrics H, II, as in Figures 6 and 7. On the square ends of the axes
of these eccentrics are placed toothed wheels k, k, in gear with a central
toothed wheel 1, which revolves around an axle l', and when the handle m is
turned, communicates motion to all of them simultaneously. Or any of the.
valves g, g, may be kept at rest, either closed or open, while the others move
by moving the wheels k, k, which belong to them out of gear with the central
wheel l.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal view; and Figuro 11 a transverse section of a
gauge cock, constructed according to this Invention. Figure 10 is partly in
section,, through the line A, B, C, of Figure 11, and Figure 11 is taken
through the line D, E, of Figure 10.. The ends of the pipes a, a', by which.
the fluid enters and leaves- the cock are received and held by the collars or

page_text: shoulders b, b, the two being formed partly conical, as shown in Figure 10, to
render the combination as perfect as possible, without the aid of screws;
cements, or other like agents. The body e of the cock is a cylinder embracing
at e', a ring f of the caoutchouc before mentioned, which bears against the
annular plate f. A valve g, which has three projections g' formed on it, has
fitted within it an excentric h on the axle i. This axle is held in the cock by
the plate j, which is screwed against a ring or washer k of caoutchouc to
render the joint tight. The ring of metal k¹ is placed between the two to
reduce the friction. If, on the extremity i' of the axle i a spanner or key be
placed and turned through a fourth of a revolution to the right, the cock will
be opened. If it be turned to the left, the cock will be hermetically closed..
The metal plate 7 is introduced at the other end of the cock, and bears against
the flange . A six-sided hollow nozzle m is screwed into the plate 1, as
shewn in the separate view, Figure 12, and the diameter of its aperture
regulates the delivery of the fluid. The caoutchouc ring n jammed tightly by
the collar b¹ renders the joint perfectly tight, a slight pressure on the screws
d, d', d", sufficing to produce this result, and also to effect a similar one at
the joint where the ring f is situated. The nozzle m can only be changed by
taking the apparatus to pieces, and there is but little danger therefore of the
apparatus being tampered with.
Figure 13 is an end view, and Figure 14 a longitudinal view partly in.
section, of a cock adapted to the distribution of water or other fluid, and con-.
structed according to this Invention. A is the body of the cock, and B is a
valve furnished with four projections, and traversed by a shaft C, carrying two
eccentrics D, D, situated within the valve. This shaft turns on a pivot c in
the enlarged portion of the cock, and its upper part passes through a ring E
of caoutchouc, of the description before named, which is held securely in its
place by a collar furnished with three lugs e. It is moved by the toothed
wheel F keyed on it at f, and in gear with the pinion G, mounted on the
shaft 9, which is screwed into the protuberance g¹. A square shaft H tapped
into the hole of the pinion G receives the key by which the series of cocks
placed on the pipes of distribution may be opened and closed.
the kind of caoutchouc before named is held on one side by the
the other by the pipe K, and forms the seat of the valve B.
connected to the cock by the nuts and screws a, a¹. A pipe or cylinder L,
communicating with the interior of the pipe K, is closed above by the cover 1,
which has an aperture m', in which is held a ring of the aforesaid caoutchouc
M, by which the valve m with its rod and float N is supported. This
apparatus works as follows:-When the valve B is removed from its seat by
The ring J of
plate i, and on
The pipe K is

page_text: means of the gearing and the eccentrics, water enters the tube K, as well as
the conduit to which the apparatus is adapted. The air contained in this
conduit then escapes through the aperture m', until the water, by rising,
raises the float N, and by its pressure closes the air exit m', pressing the valve
m against the ring M. When the water pressure in the conduit ceases, the
contrary action ensues, and the air re-enters the pipo K.
Figure 15 is an elevation partly in section, and Figure 16 an end view
partly in section, of another cock or valve with the "alcalin" caoutchouc
applied thereto. a is the body of the cock, the ends of which are connected
to pipes of any description as shewn. A ring of "alcalin" caoutchouc b is
placed in the body of the cock and held there by the plate c, and the screws c¹.
The plug d of the cock turns within the ring b, and the two are provided with
the corresponding apertures c', d', as shewn, these apertures having the same
sectional area as the conduit pipes.
Figure 17 is a sectional elevation of another form of guage cock, with the
"alcalin" caoutchouc applied thereto; e is the body of the cock bent into the
form of a swan neck. In the enlarged lower portion is fitted a ring f of
"alcalin" caoutchouc, which bears upwards against the plate g, the upper
side of which supports a helical spring h, at the upper end of which is a four-
branched plate i. Through these rises a rod j, which has a button or knob at
its upper end, and a small valve k at its lower end. A flange formed at the
lower end of the body e, receives a corresponding flange formed on a plate or
stand, by which the apparatus is supported. This plate or stand is threaded
internally to receive the lower portion m of the cock, which screws tightly
against the caoutchouc ring f. The plate n is similar in form and object to
the plate in Figure 10 before described.
Figure 18 is a sectional elevation of a stop-cock attached to the injection
valve of a locomotive feed pump, fitted according to this Invention with
"alcalin" caoutchouc valve seatings. A is part of the locomotive boiler; B
is a cock similar to that illustrated in Figures 6 and 7; C is the body of a
cock at right angles to B, and furnished with a ring D of "alcalin" caoutchouc,
which forms the seat of the valve E; the rod F of this valve is round and
is guided by the guide G. The screw plug closes the cock at the top. A
small ring I of similar caoutchouc surrounds the rod F, and is received and
held by the valve E. This ring I limits the motion of the valve, preserves it
from shocks, and by its clasticity aids the operation thereof; K is the injection
pipe of the feed pump. The suction valve is similarly constructed, but instead
of being connected to the stop-cock B, it forms part of the body of the feed
numb

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First, the construction of cocks and valves for regulating the flow of fluids
by the employment of a block or blocks of vulcanized caoutchouc of the kind
called in France "alcalin," through or between which a plate or flat valve is
caused to slide by means of levers, screws, and nuts or otherwise, in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Second, the employment of the aforesaid "alcalin" caoutchouc for the seats
of valves generally.
Third, the several methods of constructing cocks and valves with valve seats
of "alcalin" caoutchouc, herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Eighth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.