A NEW MODE OF APPLYING GASES 80 AS TO EFFECT THE PURIFYING AND BLEACHING OILS AND FATS; PURIFYING, DISINFECTING, AND DE- ODORIZING FECAL AND DECOMPOSING MATTER AND THE GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF DECOMPOSITION; DECOMPOSING DELETERIOUS GASES; PURIFYING AND DECOLORING SOAP; PREPARING FLAX AND OTHER FIBRES; TREATING BLOOD, NIGHT SOIL, BONES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, WHETHER SOLID, LIQUID, OR GASEOUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Mangles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1860.
I, MARTIN MANGLES, of Number Six, Abchurch Yard, Cannon Street, E. C.,
in the City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW MODE OF APPLYING GASES 80 AS TO EFFECT THE
PURIFYING AND BLEACHING OILS AND FATS; PURIFYING, DISINFECTING, AND DE-
ODORIZING FECAL AND DECOMPOSING MATTER AND THE GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF
DECOMPOSITION; DECOMPOSING DELETERIOUS GASES; PURIFYING AND DECOLORING
SOAP; PREPARING FLAX AND OTHER FIBRES; TREATING BLOOD, NIGHT SOIL, BONES,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, WHETHER SOLID, LIQUID, OR GASEOUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of gases generated in a metal
chamber, and conveyed by pipes either alone, or in conjunction with, and by
means of ordinary or superheated steam or air, or heat for purifying and
bleaching oils and fats, for purifying, disinfecting, and deodorizing focal and
decomposing matter, and the gaseous products of decomposition, for decom-
posing deleterious gases so as to render them innoxious, for preserving timber,
for purifying and decoloring soap, for preparing flax and other fibres, for treating
blood, night soil, bones, and other substances so as to convert them into
In purifying and bleaching oils and fats, I make use of a metal
chamber of any form and size, having on one side a pipe opening into it,

page_text: which is connected at the other end with a steam boiler or air pump from the
opposite side or from the top of the chamber another pipe leads into the
bottom of the oil. I either generate the gases which I have found most
effectual with different oils in this chamber, or I generate them elsewhere, and
conduct them into it. I then by means of a stop-cock in the steam pipe let
on the steam into the chamber, or when I make use of air, I force it into the
chamber by means of an air pump, or fan, or other mechanical means.
The
steam or air coming into contact with the gas in the chamber carries it with
the steam or air through the delivery pipe, and forces it into the oil or fat in
any quantity, or with whatever pressure may be necessary, the quantity of
steam or air and gas being regulated by a stop-cock. The gas being thus
forced into the bottom of the oil disseminates gradually or at pleasure very
rapidly, and even, if desired, instantaneously through the substance of the oil,
effecting in its progress the purification and deodorizing and decoloring of the
oil, and in this operation it is aided by the steam or air, partly by causing an
increased and different chemical action, and partly by bringing the gas into
more intimate contact with the elements of the oil on which it is to act by
means of the active agitation it produces in the oil. Soap, and other solids,
liquids, and gases are treated in a similar manner. In treating fæcal and
other decomposing matter, the gas I chiefly use is chlorine gas, and I use the
same chamber that I employ for bleaching oils, for generating or receiving it,
and for conveying it into the substances, whether solid, fluid, or gaseous
which are to be treated. But as it is sometimes desirable in this case that the
process should be gradual, the gas chamber is not necessarily connected with
n steam generator, I make use of a close vessel in which the gas is generated
and conveyed by a pipe into a main pipe without steam. The main pipe may
have holes and branches of any number or size for delivering jets of gas to
various points or places, and perfect command is obtained over the flow of the
gas by means of stop-cocks, as in ordinary gas burners. The quantity of gas
may be increased in this vessel by the application of heat by means of a lamp,
or any other convenient way of applying heat. When it is desired, however,
to disinfect and deodorize large masses of fæcal or other decomposing matter,
or large spaces such as sewers, it will be requisite to use air or steam with it,
and then the same apparatus is employed as that which I use in bleaching
oils.
But I do not confine myself to chlorine gas; I claim the right, too, of
applying nitrous acid gas, sulphurous acid gas, hydrochloric acid gas, or any
other gas instead of chlorine gas. In decomposing deleterious gases, I employ

page_text: chlorine or other gases, and force them into contact by means of steam or air,
and for this purpose I make use of the apparatus before described. But I do
not confine myself to that apparatus; I claim the right to employ any other
that I may find more convenient. For preserving timber, I apply chlorine
or other gases, forcing them into the timber in close chambers of wood or
metal by means of steam or air applied in the same manner.