IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAK AND-OTHER BOILERS AND IN SURFACE CONDENSERS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Kinsey, of Robin Hood Works, Notting-
ham, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAK AND-OTHER
BOILERS AND IN SURFACE CONDENSERS."
Sealed the 16th December 1869, and dated the 5th June 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Kinsey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1869.
I, HENRY KINSEY, of Robin Hood Works, Nottingham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
AND OTHER BOILERS AND IN SURFACE CONDENSERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has firstly for its object improvements in the construc-
tion of boilers such as are described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to me on the 3rd day of December, 1868 (No 3684), and which are
composed of numerous water spaces, each formed with corrugated sides,
which are connected to one another at intervals by rivets or stays to
enable them to withstand the internal pressure.
According to my present Invention I form the sides of such water

page_text: spaces by casting them in one piece, and by preference I cast them
together with stays uniting together the two opposite sides at intervals,
or screw stays or other fastenings might be subsequently applied to the
cast water spaces to connect together their two opposite sides. The corru-
gated water spaces I also cast together with a pipe running along one of
its ends; the ends of this pipe may be cast with flanges to be rivetted or
bolted to the flanges of other similar pipes at the ends of other water
spaces, or otherwise.
At the opposite end of each water space I cast
lugs or flanges to which a cover may be bolted. In some cases also I cast
the sides of such corrugated water spaces with division plates standing
out from them for dividing the flues which are left between the water
spaces, and these division plates I form with narrow slits through them
to prevent their cracking by contraction or expansion. The corrugated
sides of water spaces, such as are described in the Specification of the
before-mentioned Patent, I also in some cases form of wrought metal
in the following manner:-I first weld up a sheet of metal into a tube,
and flatten such tube into an oval form; I then place within it a
mandril of the internal form of the water space to be produced, and
with as many longitudinal corrugations in it as is desired, and I press
the sides of the tube into these corrugations by suitable dies; "the
mandril is then removed and the corrugations in the opposite sides of
the water space so formed I afterwards connect together by stays
or rivets as described in the before-mentioned Specification. In place
also of forming the sides of the water spaces with corrugations I in
some cases form them with diamond or other shaped projections; I
have also found that surface condensers may very advantageously be
made from corrugated plates, in a similar way to that described in the
before-mentioned Specification for making boilers, the corrugated
plates being kept at a slight distance apart from one another by dis-
tance pieces, so that the whole surface of the corrugated metal is utilized,
which would not be the case if the corrugations of one plate were
laid against the corrugations of the plate next to it. In order to pro-
mote the circulation of water in boilers made up from vertical water
spaces with corrugated sides such as are above described, or in boilers
having on their under side a number of vertical hanging tubes, or in
other boilers where vertical tubes are used, I insert into each of
such tubes, or into the several tubular compartments of each water
space, a tube of smaller diameter, the bottom of which is open and

page_text: rests on the bottom of the tube or water space; the upper end of the tube
is also open and is below the highest water level of the boiler, so that
a descending current of water may be maintained within the circulating
tube whilst an ascending current is maintained on the exterior of such
tube, such circulating tubes are now commonly employed, and such
tubes have also been formed with a slot in their sides, so that even
though the water level in the boiler should descend below the top of
the circulating tube, water could always pass into it through this slot,
but in this case the ascending and descending currents on the interior
and exterior of the tube would be in contact with one another at the
place where this slot is made.
According to my Invention, I form the upper ends of the tubes with
numerous openings leading into them, one below the other, and in front
of such openings, and at a slight distance from them, I place guards
which keep the upward and downward currents divided from one another,
and the current of water as it enters the tube passes downwards between
the top of the guard and the tube, and is by the guard led in a down-
ward direction into the tube.
I prefer to form the upper part of the tube with numerous funnel-
shaped openings passing all around them, which would appear thus
in section
same object.
but the opening might be otherwise formed to effect the
In the Specification of a Patent granted to Julius Jeffreys, on the
27th day of April, 1863 (No. 1052), was described the constructing a
boiler of numerous corrugated plates, placed together with the ridges
of one plate resting against the ridges of the plates next to it, and such
assemblage of plates was tied together by bars encircling it, and the
spaces between the plates were arranged alternately to be flues and
water spaces.
Now, according to my Invention, I encase and tie
together such an assemblage of corrugated plates by water spaces made
up of corrugated metal as above described, by which not only will great
strength be obtained to tie together the assemblage of corrugated
plates to prevent their separating when pressure comes upon them
but an additional heating surface is also gained. I also place distance
pieces at intervals between the several corrugated plates to keep them
at a slight distance apart from one another.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Kinsey in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th December 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
KINSEY, of Robin Hood Works, Nottingham, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Kinsey, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Kinsey, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Kinsey, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with.
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im.
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS AND IN SURFACE CONDENSERS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Kinsey, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Kinsey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has, firstly, for its object improvements in the con-
struction of boilers such as are described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to me on the 3rd day of December 1868 (No. 3684, and which
are composed of numerous water spaces, each formed with corrugated
sides, which are connected to one another at intervals by rivets or stays
to enable them to withstand the internal pressure. According to my
present Invention I form the sides of such water spaces by casting

page_text: them in one piece, and by preference I cast them together with stays
uniting together the two opposite sides at intervals, or screw stays or
other fastenings might be subsequently applied to the cast water spaces
to connect together their two opposite sides. In some cases I cast the
sides of such corrugated water spaces with division plates standing out
from them for dividing the flues which are left between the water spaces,
and these division plates I form with narrow slits through them to pre-
vent their cracking by contraction or expansion.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal vertical section; Figure 2, a horizon-
tal section; Figure 3, an end view; and Figure 4, a vertical transverse
section of a steam boiler made up of an assemblage of corrugated
water spaces a, a, cast to form as above, and also cast with stays b, b,
to tie together the two opposite sides of the water space. Each water
space is in the arrangement shewn in the Drawing formed with three
corrugations on each side, but this may be varied, and at the bottom it is
cast with a short flanged pipe by which it may be secured to another
pipe c, into which the feed water is forced, the upper ends of the water
spaces have lugs or flanges cast on them by which a cover can be bolted
on. The steam generated in the water spaces is led off by pipes passing
from the covers into a steam pipe d; e, e, are division plates standing
out from the side of the water spaces to divide the flue spaces between
them into two horizontal flues as shewn by the Drawing, or in place of
these division plates the sides of the water spaces may be bulged out to
effect a similar object; f, f, are tubes such as are herein-after described
for promoting the circulation of water in the water spaces. The
manner in which I prefer to combine together the several water spaces
and to arrange the flues for conducting past them the heated gases
coming from a furnace is clearly shewn by the Drawings, but other
arrangements might be adopted. I would also remark that other forms
of water spaces of cast metal may be cast together with stays tying
together their two opposite sides. These stays may be tubular if desired
and be open at each end. The corrugated sides of water spaces
such as are described in the Specification of the before-mentioned
Patent, I also in some cases form of wrought metal in the follow-
ing manner:-I first bend a sheet of iron by passing it between rollers
so as to bend it into a cylindrical or tubular form, the edges, which
are brought together, being made to overlap one another, and I
weld together the overlapping edges by projecting against them, both

page_text: from the exterior and interior of the cylinder, jets of flame, and as a
portion of the overlapping edges is thus brought to a welding heat. the
cylinder is raised to bring the heated portion opposite a stationary anvil
placed inside the cylinder, and the heated edges are then welded together
by hammering on the exterior. Every part of the overlapping edges of
the bent plate is thus welded together, or other arrangements might be
adopted for effecting the welding. The tube thus formed is then if
necessary flattened into an oval form, and is subsequently placed on to
a mandril suitable for imparting longitudinal corrugations to the tube
when the tube is pressed on to it. I prefer to form the mandril of a
number of parallel tubes or rods held together at their ends, so as to
keep the rods or tubes at the required distance apart from one another..
The tube with the mandril within it is then pressed between the top
and bottom plate of a press, upon each of which parall tubes or rods are
fixed in such manner as to come into the spaces between the tubes
or rods forming the mandril; in this manner the cylinder is bent to a
corrugated form. This operation I prefer to effect when the metal is
cold. The corrugations in the opposite sides of the water space so
formed I afterwards connect together by stays or rivets, as described in
the before-mentioned Specification.
Wrought-iron water spaces such as above described may be connected
at their bottom to a tube in the manner shewn at Figures 7 and 8, or
at Figures 9, 10, and 11, and such assemblage of tubes may be made up
into a boiler in the manner shown at Figures 1 and 2, or may be other-
wise made up into a boiler. The top of each water space is closed by a
plate welded into it, and at the end of each corrugation of the water
space a hole is bored through this plate and a cover is fitted to it to
facilitate cleaning. In place of forming the sides of the water spaces
with corrugations I in some cases form them with diamond or other
shaped projections. I have also found that surface condensers may very
advantageously be made from corrugated plates in a similar way to
that described in the before-mentioned Specification for making boilers,
the corrugated plates being kept at a slight distance apart from one
another by distance pieces at intervals, so that the whole surface of the
corrugated metal is utilized, which would not be the case if the corruga-
tions of one plate were laid against the corrugations of the plate next
to it. The distance pieces for keeping the plates apart from one another
may either be pieces separate from the plates and introduced between

page_text: them, or the plates may have projections made to stand out from them at
intervals by punching or otherwise. A mode of thus constructing a
surface condenser is shewn at Figures 12.
In order to promote the circulation of water in boilers made up from
vertical water spaces with corrugated sides such as are above described,
or in boilers having on their under side a number of vertical hanging
tubes, or in other boilers where vertical tubes or spaces are used, I
insert into each of such tubes or into the several tubular compartments
of each water space a tube of smaller diameter, the bottom of which is
open
and rests on the bottom of the tube or water space, whilst its upper
end is formed as herein-after described. Heretofore the upper ends
of such tubes have been made with a conical or bell-mouth, and this has
been below the lowest water level of the boiler, so that a descending
current of water may be maintained within the circulating tube, whilst
an ascending current is maintained on the exterior of such tube, and
such tubes have also been formed with a slot in their sides, so that even
though the water level in the boiler should descend below the top of the
circulating tube water could always pass into it through this slot, but in
this case the ascending and descending currents on the interior and
exterior of the tube would be in contact with one another at the place
where this slot is made.
According to my Invention I form the upper ends of the tubes with
numerous openings leading into them one below the other, and in front
of such openings and at a slight distance from them I place guards
which keep the upward and downward currents divided from one another,
and the current of water as it enters the tube passes downwards between
the top of the guard and the tube, and is by the guard led in a down-
ward direction into the tube. I prefer to form the upper part of the tube
with numerous funnel-shaped openings passing all around them, as
shewn at Figures 1 and 13, but the openings might be otherwise formed
to effect the same object.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to Julius Jeffreys, on the
27th day of April 1863 (No. 1052), was described the constructing a
boiler of numerous corrugated plates placed together with the ridges of
one plate resting against the ridges of the plates next to it, and such
assemblage of plates was tied together by bars encircling it, and the
spaces between the plates were arranged alternately to be flues and water
spaces.

page_text: rugated metal, or of metal with numerous projections upon it, sub-
stantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Kinsey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
HY. KINSEY. (L.S.)