IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESSES FOR COOLING AIR, LIQUIDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR MANUFACTURING ICE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Helen Marr Barnard, of the City of Washington, in the
District of Columbia and United States of America, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESSES FOR COOLING AIR, LIQUIDS,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR MANUFACTURING ICE." A communication
from Thomas Cook, of the City and County of Philadelphia, in the State of
Pennsylvania and United States of America.
Sealed the 21st January 1879, and dated the 26th July 1878.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Helen Marr Barnard at the
Office of the Commissioners Patents on the 26th July 1878.
HELEN MARR BARNARD, of the City of Washington, in the District of Columbia
and United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESSES FOR
COOLING AIR, LIQUIDS, and other SUBSTANCES, AND FOR MANUFACTURING ICE."
A communication from Thomas Cook, of the City and County of Philadelphia, in
the State of Pennsylvania and United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to improve the process and machinery for pro-
ducing artificial frigeration, so as to better adapt the same to the manufacture of
ice, the preservation of meats, vegetables, and other perishable substances, the
cooling of wine, beer, and other liquids, and the ventilation of buildings, vessels,
and other structures, and to this end the Invention consists,―
Firstly. In a novel combination of a closed refrigerating chamber and a refri-
gerating coil or vessel, a conduit or conduits for conveying the air from any
ordinary fan into and through said chamber into the building to be refrigerated,
and from thence back to the fan; or for facilitating the manufacture of ice.
Secondly. In combining an ice machine with the closed refrigerating chamber
above described in such manner that while the ice is mainly formed by a refri-
gerant acting within the machine the low temperature artificially produced in the
chamber containing the machine will co-operate with the latter and facilitate and
expedite the process of freezing.

page_text: Thirdly. In the construction of a condensing coil for cooling the condensed refri-
gerating material, as it first comes under great pressure from the condensing pump
by means of a spray or sprays of water and an air blast.
Fourthly. In the construction of a frigerative liquefying coil, whereby the partly
cooled refrigerating material as it comes from the condensing coil is further cooled
and transformed to liquid.
Fifthly. In the construction of the refrigerating or freezing coil or vessel, which
may be made either stationary or revolving.
Sixthly. In the combination of a series of brushes with the refrigerating or
freezing coils or vessels for the purpose of preventing the accumulation of frost and
snow on the walls of said coils or vessels, thereby obstructing their absorbtion of
heat.
Seventhly. In the combination of a series of fans with the refrigerating or
freezing coils for the purpose of forcing a current of air backward and forward
through the spaces between said coils, and for the purpose of constantly agitating
the air in the chamber.
Eighthly. In the peculiar construction of brushes and mode of operating them for
the purpose of increasing the uniformity and efficiency of their action.
Ninthly. In the mode of utilizing the low temperature produced by the refri-
gerating machine for the cooling of beer and other liquids.
Tenthly. In a novel and improved construction of freezing wheel to be used in
my apparatus for the manufacture of artificial ice.
Eleventhly. In combining a gang of vertically-swinging saws with the ice wheel
for the purpose of sawing the ice from time to time into annular strips while
adhering to the periphery of said wheel.
Twelfthly. In combining horizontally movable saws with the ice wheel for the
purpose of sawing off and removing from time to time in blocks of merchantable
size the ice formed on said wheel.
The objects and nature of my Invention being thus generally set forth, I carry
it into practical operation by means of mechanism herein-after more specifically
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings, in which,-
Figure 1 is a plan view of ice wheel, partly in section, rotary gearing to ice
wheel, coils and vertically swinging saws, horizontally cutting mechanism, fans,
and brushes, all being enclosed in ice wheel chamber, which is in horizontal section,
with pump, condenser, liquefier, and beer cooler, outside of ice wheel chamber, also
in plan view.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of ice wheel chamber, showing the
horizontally cutting mechanism, platform, and water trough in vertical section, the
wheel frame or standard rotary gearing to ice wheel and coils; the vertically-
cutting mechanism in elevation, the ice wheel rotary gearing to vertically cutting
mechanism and ice shoot being shown in dotted lines.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of refrigerating chamber, with refrigerating coils,
rotary gearing, and brushes in plan view.
Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal section through the centre of the refrigerating
chamber, and through refrigeration coils and brush shafts.
Figure 5 is a rear end elevation of the vertically swinging saw and rotary
mechanism, with lower portion of ice wheel shown in dotted lines.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of condenser, showing coil, water tank, and fan.
Figure 7 is a similar view of liquefier, showing coil and refrigerant chamber;
Figure 8 is a similar view of liquid cooler, showing refrigerating coil and chamber
for holding salt water or other uncongelable liquid, said uncongelable refrigerated
liquid to be subsequently instrumental in cooling beer and other liquids.
Figure 9 is a transverse section through the shaft of vertically standing circular
saw belonging to the horizontally cutting mechanism enlarged.
Figure 10 is a vertical section through a joint coupling, also enlarged; Figure 11
is a similar view of stationary refrigerating coil, with brushes revolving rapidly

page_text: upon independent vertical axes, and with fans, which revolve rapidly, and brush
frame, which revolve slowly but concentrically upon a horizontal axis.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal vertical section through the brush frame.
In connection with my improved refrigerating and freezing machinery I employ
anhydrous ammonia as the active agent for the absorbtion of heat, although any
other volatile material that will produce the same or an equivalent result may
be substituted therefor. The vaporization of the ammonia produces frigidity, and
the vaporized ammonia is afterwards re-converted into liquid form by con-
densation.
The operation of my Invention will herein-after be more fully set forth.
In the construction of my machinery for cooling air, liquids, and other substances,
and for manufacturing ice, A (Fig. 1) is the compressing pump. A small discharge
pipe c leads from it to the condenser B. This condenser (Figs. 1 and 6) is con-
structed in the form of an upright cylinder, having a bottom provided with a
central opening f2, around which is a flange j. A cross bar extending across the
opening in the bottom of the cylinder supports a vertical shaft f', which is revolved
rapidly by power derived through the pulley on the upper end of said shaft f¹.
The revolving vertical shaft carries a tank F provided with spray pipes g, and also
carries fan wings G. Inside of this condenser, and enclosing the spray mechanism
and fan, the pipe c is wound around in the form of a coil, leaving an air space
around each turn in the coil for the free circulation of the air. From the con-
denser the pipe c extends to the liquefier C (Figs. 1 and 7), which latter forms two
chambers, the one, C, in which pipe c is again coiled, and the lower chamber D, in
which pipe e terminates. Pipes l, m, connected with chamber C, and leading thereto
and therefrom, and through which refrigerating material is passed to further
facilitate and expedite liquefaction; while pipe d, provided with a stop cock and
small opening, connects the chamber D with refrigerating chamber K³ (Figs. 3 and 4)
when it is desired to produce frigifaction for the purpose of preserving meats,
vegetables, and other perishable substances, the cooling of beer, wines; or other
liquids, the ventilation of buildings, cars, vessels, and other structures; the con-
struction of said chamber and contents is to be herein-after more fully explained.
For the purpose of manufacturing ice the small pipe above referred to
connects the liquefier with the ice wheel chamber E, and passes along the inside of
one of the side walls of said chamber to a stationary joint coupling or bracket G¹
(Fig. 10). This joint or bracket is provided with a continuous passage h formed at
an angle. One end of the angle is rigidly attached to pipe d, while the other end
is provided with a screw packing device g¹ and g², which forms an air-tight joint
around the outer end of the revolving pipe or hollow axle e.
The passage in this axle is extended sufficiently far to admit of its being con-
tinued through induction ends of pipes which form refrigerating coils R, (Fig. 1,)
which induction ends of pipes tap the axle e. The hollow in axle e is also continued
sufficiently far to admit of its being continued through induction end of pipe f,
which forms the coil around the. periphery of the ice wheel E. This peripherical
coil forms the freezing surface in the manufacture of ice. The opposite end of pipe
f forming the peripherical coil is tapped into the opposite end of the ice wheel axlo
at b, which is also hollow between the point of contact with pipe f and a joint
coupling like the one above described, and shown by Fig. 10; from this latter
coupling the passage is further continued in an unbroken way through pipe a,
which is larger in its internal diameter than pipe d at the opposite end of the axle
e, the pipe a leading directly into the compressing pump.
When it is desired to use the refrigerating device alone, the ice wheel mechanism
is dispensed with, and the refrigerant pipe P¹ (Fig. 3) is connected with the lower
chamber D of liquefier (Fig. 7) in the same manner and as a substitute for pipe d.
The passage in this pipe continues in an unbroken manner similar to that shown
and described in the ice wheel chamber, up through a joint packing device or
bracket upon the inside of one of the side walls in refrigerating chamber, through
an induction passage formed in the axle N₁, through the induction ends of pipes 1,

page_text: (Fig. 4,) which tap the hollow axle at right angles to its axis, and which form the
revolving coils L', (Figs. 3 and 4,) said passage continuing in an unbroken manner
around in the pipes of said coils, and out through the eduction or exhaust. ends of
said pipes forming said revolving coils, through another joint coupling or bracket
similar to that shown, Fig. 10, and which is located upon the inside of wall of
refrigerating chamber in a line with and directly opposite the induction joint
coupling or bracket, down through the exhaust pipe Q1, and through said pipe to
the compressing pump. These revolving refrigerating coils, whether in the ice
wheel or refrigerating chamber, are provided on both sides of each separate coil
with revolving brushes q, which rotate in planes parallel to the plane of rotation of
the coils, but upon a common axis placed outside of the line of travel of outer edge
of coils (Figs. 1, 3, and 4).
As the coils secured on one or both sides of the ice wheel by means of brackets r,
or a spider (Fig. 1), revolve slowly with said wheel as in the ice wheel chamber, or.
independently upon their own axes as in the refrigerating chamber, they have their
entire external surface during one rotation presented to the action of the brushes,
which thus prevent the formation and accumulation of frost and snow consequent
upon the condensation of atmosphere coming in contact with the coils, which if
allowed to accumulate, would fill up the air passages between the pipes of said coils,
and thus prevent the free circulation of air through said passages. The brushes are
revolved by means of pulleys and belts from the main driving shaft, as shown in
Fig. 1, or by means in part of pulleys and belts, and in part by cog gearing mounted
on axis of revolving coil, as shown in Fig. 3, or by any other preferred method,
either cog or otherwise.
Fans 8, Fig. 1, are revolved rapidly upon their shaft S, located in ice wheel
chamber, and in planes parallel to the plane of revolution of the refrigerating coils.
Their common axes are placed directly opposite to and in line with that of the
brushes, and nearly equidistant from the axis of revolving coil.
The wings of these separate fans are placed in such angles in relation to each
other that a current of air is kept passing backward and forward through the
spaces between each of the revolving coils. In order to constantly agitate the air
in the ice wheel chamber, I construct a fan 83 diagonally opposite the fans 8, and
like them. These two sets of fans operating conjointly secure a constant current
of air in and around said ice wheel chamber. Through the apertures k¹ (Figs. 3
and 4) I force air by means of an ordinary blast fan; the air thus forced into the
chamber passes by and around the revolving refrigerant coil, thus very greatly
reducing the temperature of said air; it then passes out of the aperture or conduit k³
into the building to be refrigerated, and in which may be stored meat, vegetables,
fruit, or other perishable articles, and from thence back into the fan. The fan and
warehouse or storing apartment, for obvious reasons, are not illustrated in the
Drawings.
Upon the main driving shaft located in ice wheel chamber P is mounted a bevel
pinion O; this pinion meshes with a gear wheel N. A shaft which has its bearings
in a bracket L fixed to ice wheel standard or frame K upon a line radial from the
centre of ice wheel carries a bevel gear wheel n, and upon the opposite end on said
shaft a bevel pinion M, meshing with similar gearing p fixed on the outer edge
and on each side of the wheel. By means of the above-described gearing, the ice
wheel and refrigerating coils of ice wheel chamber are slowly revolved, the gearing
being in duplicate (see Fig. 1), each side of rear end of ice wheel being provided
with a set of such gearing.
Friction rollers I mounted upon ice wheel standards K support the collar or
hollow hub H of ice wheel. Each hub is provided with a guide groove n, which
in conjunction with the friction rollers prevent the lateral displacement of the ice
wheel. A stationary shaft T carries swinging brackets t, (Figs. 2 and 5,) the lower or
outer ends of which are provided with journals for a revolving shaft U, which
carries equidistant from each other a series of circular saws u. These saws are
revolved very rapidly from the main driving shaft P, by means of a series of pulleys

page_text: and belts, as shown by dotted lines, Fig. 2, or by cog gearing, and may be raised.
and lowered in a vertical plane by means of a longitudinally and vertically swinging'
screw shaft V, whose upper end passes through a pivoted journal v³ secured to
frame K, while the lower or screw end passes through a nut pivoted to one of the
swinging brackets t (Figs. 2 and 5). The screw is operated from time to time either
by hand or other well-known mechanical contrivance; hence the gang of saws may
be elevated or depressed.
Upon standard B', on either side of ice-wheel chamber, is placed a cross beam or
carriage-way W immediately in front of but sufficiently distant from the front of
the wheel to permit of the free manipulation of certain mechanism herein-after to
be described.
is
Riding backward or forward from time to time is the carriage or horizontally
movable frame X. This frame is impelled by a rack bar w secured to and extending
the entire length of cross beam W, and a pinion or cog x which meshes into it and
which is journaled in a bracket on the carriage or saw frame X. As this cog
revolved either by hand, as shown in Fig. 2, or by any well-known mechanical
equivalent, the saw frame receives a horizontal movement either backward or
forward, as desired. This same result can be accomplished in the well-known way
of revolving screw feed.
Bent over a flange on each side of the carriage-way are arms or clamps secured
to the sliding frame by which the frame is secured and guided when it slides
laterally.
Upon down-langing brackets on the sliding frame X are journals in which
revolves the shaft Z. On the front end of this journal is a small bevel pinion z¹,
while upon the other or rear end is a vertical circular saw z.
That portion of the shaft between the bevel pinion ¹ and saw z I provide with
knives or teeth. 22 running parallel to the axis of said shaft Z, shown in Fig. 2, and
enlarged in transverse section, Fig. 9. Secured on lower end of shaft Y is a
bevel pinion y meshing into pinion 2' on shaft Z. On the upper end of this shaft Y
is the horizontal circular saw y.
Meshing into the bevel pinion is a bevel gear wheel a¹. This gear wheel is
loosely secured to the sliding frame, and is impelled laterally with said frame by
means of bracket x'. A¹ a rapidly revolving shaft provided along its entire
length with one or more grooves or key-ways, in which ride the key or keys cast
or secured in the hole in the wheel through which the shaft passes.
It is obvious that as the shaft revolves a rapid revolution is imparted to the
horizontally-moving saws as they pass the front of the ice wheel from time to time.
Pivoted to the rear end of the ice wheel chamber at c² are arms c¹ carrying a water
tank C (Fig. 2).
The outer freezing surface on the periphery of the ice wheel E is simply allowed
to touch the surface of the water contained in the tank. Upon the front ends of
the arms c¹ is secured a lifting and lowering device to the tank, as shown at d'.
This device is preferably situated where it will be convenient to the operator.
To more clearly show my Invention I have illustrated a platform D' on which
stands the operator. Shown in dotted lines, Fig. 2, is an ice shoot F'.
In the manufacture of beer brewers customarily use what they term a "cooler,"
through which is passed as a refrigerant fresh iced water from a tank, and over
which cooler the beer is allowed to flow. Besides great difficulty in procuring a
sufficiently low temperature by this method it is also very costly, as the iced water
when once used is allowed to escape.
To attain a much lower temperature in the refrigerant than has been attained
heretofore, and to economize said refrigerant, I have constructed as a part of my
Invention a "liquid cooler." H₁ (Figs. 1 and 8) is a vertically standing double-
walled cylinder with covered top and bottom provided with an annular chamber I'
between the two walls. In this chamber I coil the pipe h¹ which is connected with
the liquefier C at one end, and with the pump A at the other. The refrigerant
passes through this coil from the liquefier. It is then drawn to the pump, and from

page_text: the pump to the condenser in the same manner as in the revolving refrigerating
coils or in the ice wheel.
While the refrigerant is passing through the coiled pipe ¹ salt water or other
non-congelable liquid is introduced through opening into the chamber I' down
through the spaces between the pipe forming the coil, by which it is rapidly and
intensely cooled, out through the opening 2 around through the "cooler" heretofore
used by brewers, and is then pumped up into the tank, where it is re-used.
It is obvious that in using the liquid cooler both the refrigerating and ice-wheel
chamber can be dispensed with.
In the event of the refrigerating coil or coils being stationary I sweep them with
brushes which revolve rapidly upon independent vertical axes, being carried around
slowly and concentrically with the coil in their frame, which revolves on a horizontal
axis through the centre of and at right angles to the vertical plane of the coil, as
shown in Fig. 11.
A² is a shaft driven by a belt and pulley, and carrying two fan wheels. These
fans operate as herein-after described.
Mounted loosely on shaft A2 is the brush frame B2 counterbalanced by a weight
at 6. The brushes on each side of the coil are mounted on rotary shafts rapidly
driven by main shaft A2 by means of bevel gearing c. Each brush is surmounted
by a cylindrical casing open at the side next to the coil to permit the brushes to
project from the cases and come in contact with the coil. One of the brush shafts
is provided with a small pinion d' which meshes with and drives a pinion con
shaft having a worm screw g' near its opposite end.
The worm screw drives the pinion on shaft C4, which also carries a pinion *
meshing with a stationary gear wheel D upon standard . The revolution of
pinion on shaft C4 causes it to travel slowly around the large fixed gear D, and
thereby, to turn the brush frame B³ slowly around shaft A2, which is concentric with
said fixed gear D. By this peculiar arrangement and operation the brushes are
kept clean, while at the same time all frost or snow is most effectually removed
from the surface of the coil.
Various modifications of the details of construction of the several parts herein-
before described may be made by any mechanic skilled in the art; and in some of
the modified forms there may be greater or less utility under different circumstances.
For example, the coil of pipe, as a refrigerating agent, may be dispensed with, and
a hollow disc with refrigerating chambers connected with the pump and liquefier
respectively may be substituted therefore. This disc or series of discs may be
stationary or revolve, and may be provided with scrapers or brushes for obvious
purposes.
Having thus described the construction the construction of the various branches
of my Invention, I will now more fully set forth the operation of the same, especial
reference being had to the manufacture of ice.
It will be borne in mind that the path traveled by the liquid is the same
whether used in connection with the ice wheel, revolving or stationary refrigerating
coils or discs, or with the liquid cooler.
We will assume the vaporized ammonia to be drawn into the pump in a very
warm state after having absorbed the latent heat in the atmosphere in the ice wheel
chamber. It is then forced in a very compressed state by the pump into the con-
densing coil, where the refrigerant is cooled by the evaporation of the water on the
coils through the action of the fans.
The compressed ammonia, now partly cooled, passes through the coil to the upper
chamber of the liquefier, where by means of further cooling agents it (the formerly
vaporized ammonia) becomes liquefied, and drops into the lower chamber of said
liquefier, from which it oozes through a very small aperture in the pipe connecting
the liquefier with the ice wheel. This escapement of liquid ammonia may be regu-
lated or entirely stopped by means of the stop-cock above alluded to. This small
particle of ammonia now rushes into the vacuum in the coil around the ice wheel,
already formed through the agency of the pump, and its rapid expansion or vapori-

page_text: zation creates intense "cold" in and on the external surface of the pipe forming the
coil. The ice wheel meantime is revolving, with its lower surface slightly dipping
into the water in the tank, and is thus continually taking up on its periphery a thin
film of water, which immediately freezes to the surface of the wheel. This being
continued, the vaporized ammonia being withdrawn through one end of the coil;
thus causing a vacuum, while the liquefied ammonia rushes into said vacuum in
small quantities from the other end of the coil, and the water being continually fed to
the outer surface of the freezing mass, ice of great thickness, clearness, and solidity;
weighing many tons, is rapidly and cheaply made.
When the ice upon the periphery of the ice wheel is of the desired thickness the
refrigerant is shut off and the pump stopped.
:
The wheel carrying the ice is still allowed to slowly revolve when the vertically
swinging gang of saws is brought into play, and saws the ice into annular strips,
which still adhere to the periphery of the wheel. When this is accomplished the
horizontally movable saws are then operated, and the ice is sawed up in sections, the
wheel only revolving intermittently and sufficiently far to present a cross row of.
slabs to be sawed and broken off by the horizontally movable saws.
As the first cross row is sawed or cut the shaft to the vertically standing circular
saw of the horizontally cutting mechanism provided with knives or teeth cuts its
way through the as yet continuous rim of ice. As the first cross row is cut off
this shaft has a free passage across the face of the wheel immediately below the
under side of the ice being cross cut.
By my improved method of detaching the ice from the wheel all injury incurred
by means of expansion and contraction developed by the heating process heretofore
employed is obviated.
Having thus fully described my Invention, and the manner in which the saine
may be practically carried into effect, I wish to have it understood that I do not
limit myself to the exact details shown and described, as these may be, and under
some circumstances naturally must be, varied, without however departing from the
spirit of this my Invention, but what I do claim is,-
First. An ice wheel having an axle hollow at both ends, and provided at each
extremity with air-tight joint couplings, whereby stationary pipes can be hermeti-
cally connected to the partially hollow revolving axle, so as to admit of a con-
tinuous air-tight passage from a stationary pipe on one side of the wheel through a
portion of said axle into a coil on the periphery of said wheel from said coil to the
other end of said axle and joint coupling, into and through a stationary pipe;
substantially as herein-before described for the purpose set forth.
Second. An enlarged ice wheel provided with coils upon its periphery, said coils
having an induction and eduction port, and operated substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before set forth..
. Thirdly. The cutting mechanism herein-before described, whereby the ice is
severed from the wheel, substantially in the manner set forth.
Fourthly. A refrigerating coil or coils having an axle hollow at both ends, and
provided at each end with an air-tight joint coupling, whereby the stationary
pipes can be hermetically connected to the partially hollow revolving axle so as to
admit of a continuous air-tight passage from a stationary pipe on one side of the
coil through a portion of said axle into and through said coil, through the other
end of said axle and joint coupling into and through a stationary pipe on the other
side of said coil, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before set
forth.
Fifth. An enclosed refrigerating chamber in combination with the refrigerating
coil and ice wheel, as described, and cutting mechanism, operating in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before set forth.
Sixth. An enclosed refrigerating chamber in combination with the refrigerating
coil or vessel, as described, an induction and eduction aperture in said chamber, a
fan, store room, and connecting air duct, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.

page_text: Seventh. An inclosed refrigerating chamber in combination with a refrigerating
coil or coils and ice wheel, constructed as described for the purpose and operating in
the manner set forth.
Eighth. An enclosed refrigerating chamber in combination with refrigerating
coil or coils, ice wheel, cutting mechanism, fans, brushes, tank, and rotating
mechanism, operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Ninth. The method of manufacturing ice, consisting in producing the same upon
a revolving surface in a refrigerating chamber, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The method of manufacturing ice by producing the same upon a revolving
surface adapted to contain a refrigerant, and enclosed within a refrigerating chamber,
as specified.
Eleventh. The method of manufacturing ice, consisting of producing the same
upon a revolving surface contained within a refrigerating chamber, then cutting the
ice so formed into merchantable blocks while adhering to said surface, substantially
as specified.
Twelfthly. The method of manufacturing ice by causing the ice to be formed
upon a revolving surface, cutting the ice so formed into annular strips upon said
surface, and then into merchantable blocks by transverse horizontal and vertical
cuttings upon said surface, as specified.
Thirteenth. A revolving ice-forming surface arranged to form a continuous
serpentine or zig-zag passage, through which a refrigerant may be passed, as
specified.
Fourteenth. A revolving ice-forming surface provided with a continuous ser-
pentine or zig-zag passage so arranged as to form a corrugated freezing surface to
facilitate the adherence to and formation of the ice upon said surface, as
specified.
Fifteenth. A revolving surface arranged to form a continuous serpentine or
zig-zag passage, so mounted upon its axis as to provide means for feeding to said
passage a refrigerant from a stationary receiver, and exhaust it therefrom into a
stationary receiver during the revolution of said chambered surface, as described
for the purpose specified.
Sixteenth. In an ice machine, a compressing pump, a condenser, a liquefier, and a
revolving chambered annular surface, upon which the ice is formed, and which is
enclosed in an ice or refrigerating chamber, all arranged in such manner as to form
an unbroken passage for the refrigerant to and from the pumps through the above
apparatuses, whereby the refrigerant is first delivered to the condenser in a compressed
state, then to the liquefier, and there cooled, and thence delivered to the revolving
ice-forming surface, and finally exhausted therefrom by and returned to the pump
to be used over again, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Helen Marr Barnard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
HELEN MARR BARNARD. (L.S.)
Signed before me, at Her Britannic Majesty's
Legation at Washington, this Twenty-
fourth day of April 1878.
Scal.
EDWD. THORNTON,
H.B.M.'s Minister.