IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING METALS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOSEPH BARROW of the firm of Thomas Shanks and Company of the Union
Iron Works, Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer and
Tool Maker do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR PLANING METALS to be as follows:-
In machines for planing metals which carry the cutting tool or tools upon a
front plate, which front plate moves upon a joint so that the tool is thereby
relieved on its return movement, it is found that under the pressure of the cut this
joint pin acts as a centre, from which the cutting tool springs, and unless this
joint is in the same vertical plane as the point of contact of the cut the tool
springs into the work and makes an uneven surface technically known by the
naine of "Knurl." The object of this Invention is to obviate these disadvantages
by taking away the strain of the cut from the joint-pin altogether leaving it to
perform only the function of relieving the tool on the return movement of the
stroke. This is accomplished by using a clamp on the top of the tool-plate against
which the pressure comes, but which clamp admits of the tool-plate being set back
for relieving purposes and also for angling the tool part as is usually done in
vertical cutting.
In planing machines hitherto made which have the two tools upon the cross slide,
the vertical and horizontal feed motions have been actuated by a ratchet motion
common to both so that it is impossible to alter the vertical feed of one tool box
without altering at the same time the horizontal feed of the other, or vice versa.
This Invention enables the vertical or horizontal feed of one tool box to be
altered without having to alter the opposite feed of the other tool box. This is
effected by having two independent ratchet motions one of which is arranged to
actuate the vertical feed only, while the other actuates the horizontal feed only.
The ratchet actuates the vertical feed being operated, by a shaft passing along and
within the cross slide and by pinions which gear with a grooved shaft as commonly
used with bevil gear to move the screw which actuates the vertical feed, the other
ratchet is arranged in the ordinary manner to work the two screws which actuate
the horizontal movement of the tool boxes.
Dated this th J
11007

page_text: 14 аспще тог
I, JOSEPH BARROW of the firin of Thomas Shanks and Company of the Union
Iron Works, Johnstone in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer and
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR PLANING METALS" and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement-
i
In machines for planing metals which carry the cutting tool or tools upon a
front plate, which front plate moves upon a joint, so that the tool is thereby
relieved on its return movement, it is found that under the pressure of the cut,
this joint pin acts as a centre from which the cutting tool springs, and, unless this
joint is in the same vertical plane as the point of contact of the cut, the tool
springs into the work, and makes an uneven surface technically known by the
name of "Knurl." The object of this Invention is to obviate these disadvantages
by taking away the strain of the cut from the joint-pin altogether, leaving to the
said joint-pin only, the function of relieving the tool on the return movement of
the stroke. This is accomplished by using a clamp on the top of the tool plate,
against which the pressure comes, but which clamp admits of the tool-plate being
set back for relieving purposes and also for angling the tool part as is usually done
in vertical cutting.
-
In planing machines hitherto made which have the two tools upon the cross-
slides, the vertical and horizontal feed motions, have been actuated by a ratchet
motion common to both, so that in such machines it was impossible to alter the
vertical feed of one tool box without altering, at the same time, the horizontal feed
of the other, or vice versa.
This Invention then allows the vertical or horizontal feed of one tool box to be
altered without having to alter the opposite feed of the other tool box. This is
effected by having two independent ratchet motions, one of which is arranged to
actuate the vertical feed only, while the other actuates the horizontal feed only.
The ratchet, which actuates the vertical feed, being operated by a shaft passing
along and within the cross-slide and by pinions which gear with a grooved shaft as
commonly used with bevel gear to move the screw which actuates the vertical feed,
the other ratchet is arranged in the ordinary manner to work the two screws
which actuate the horizontal movement of the tool-boxes.
In order that my said Invention may be properly understood and readily carried
into effect, I will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1, is a front elevation of a planing machine constructed according to my
present Invention.
Figure 2, is a side elevation of the same.

page_text: Figure 3, is a view of a detached portion of the bridge of the same drawn to an
enlarged scale and shewing the tool boxes in plan.
Figure 4, is a front elevation of the said detached portion of the bridge with the
tool boxes thereon also shewn in front elevation and corresponding to Figure 3.
Figures 5, and 6 are end elevations of the same taken from respectively opposite
sides thereof.
Figure 7, is a vertical section taken through the said bridge and through one of
the tool boxes and its directly connected slides.
The first part of my present Invention has for its object to prevent the springing
of the tool and thereby prevents the formation of those jarred or uneven surfaces
which are technically known by the name of "knurl."
As represented more particularly at Figure 7, I effect this by constructing each
of the front plates a, to which each tool b, (Figures 1 and 2) is secured, with the
lip c, on a level higher than that of the joint pin d, Figures 5, 6 and 7 by which
joint pin d, the said plate a, in the ordinary manner, is pivoted to the slide e, as
shewn more particularly in plan at Figure 3, of the annexed drawings. This lip c,
is so arranged relatively with the clamp or bracket f, that when the tool or front
plate a, is forced, at its lower part, back against the slide e, say, by the pressure
due to the cutting of the tool the strain which in machines hitherto constructed
would be upon the joint pin d, is transferred to the said clamp f, which clamp is
secured, by the bolts and nuts g, or the equivalents thereof to the slide e, which
is formed with the circular T-groove a³, into which groove the heads of the bolts g,
are fitted, thus enabling the tool plate a and its connections to be rotated and
adjusted in any position on the slide, and when bolted to form a rigid resistance to
the pressure of the cut. The back of the lip c, is so formed as to enable the lower
part of the front plate a, to swing outwards in the ordinary manner to allow the
tool to clear the work in the return stroke of the machine.
The second part of my present Invention consists in providing two ratchet and
pawl devices, one for operating the horizontal feed in the ordinary manner, and the
other for operating the vertical feed, independently of the horizontal feed. This is
effected in the following manner. The shaft h, as shewn at Figure 1, is formed
with the groove i, in which a key or "feather" secured to the mitre wheel j, is free
to slide longitudinally, and thus, in the ordinary manner, admits of the said mitre
wheel j, being moved vertically up and down on the shaft h, while, at the same
time, ensuring that the shaft h, and the said mitre wheel j, shall always reciprocate
rotatively together. The mitre wheel j is supported in and by the bracket k, which
(as shewn at Figure 3) is secured to the bridge k², and in which is also rigidly
carried the short shaft l. Upon this shaft l, is mounted the mitre wheel m, which
gears with the beforementioned mitre wheel j, and to the outer side of which is
secured the double rocking lever n. To the upper end of this, the link o, is
coupled, this link o, at its opposite end being connected by the pin p, to the
swinging bracket q, whereon is carried the pawl r, for actuating the vertical feed
of the tool boxes A and B, carried on the bridge k³, as hereinafter described. To
the lower end of the double rocking lever n, the link 8, is coupled, this link 8, at
its opposite end being connected by the pin t, to the swinging bracket u, whereon
is carried the pawl v, for actuating the horizontal feed of the tool boxes A and B,
as hereinafter described.
The swinging bracket u, as shewn more particularly in horizontal section at
Figure 3, is pivoted upon the elongated boss w, of the ratchet wheel x, which is
mounted and free to rotate upon the bush or tubular shaft y. This bush or tubular
shaft y, is supported by the bolts, the T-shaped head a', of which, is capable of
sliding vertically in a groove as shewn more particularly at Figure 3. The bolt z,
is capable of being secured in any desired part of the beforementioned T-shaped
slot, by means of the nut b¹, which, when tightened, causes the two front edges
of the beforementioned slot to bo jammed or clamped between the head a¹, of the

page_text: bolt z, and the rear end of the bush or tubular shaft y. Upon and to the elongated
boss w, of the ratchet wheel x, the toothed wheel c', is keyed or otherwise rigidly
secured so that the said wheel rotates as if in one piece with the ratchet wheel x.
The toothed wheel c¹, by raising or lowering the. beforementioned bolt z, is caused
to gear with one or other of the pinions d, and e¹, according to the manner in which
it is desired to operate the tool boxes as hereinafter more particularly described.
These pinions d¹, and e', are geared into one another and by tightening the nuts f¹,
and g¹, at the outside of these pinions, and e¹, they are or may be temporarily, but
rigidly secured upon the respective screw, shafts h, and ¹; or, when the said
nuts are loosened, the pinions d¹ and e', are free to rotate loosely upon the screw
shafts h¹ and ¹. The screw shaft h³, in the ordinary manner, engages with a nut
(not represented upon the annexed drawings) secured to the back of the saddle A
as is well understood, and the shaft ¹, is similarly engaged with a nut secured to
the saddle B. Upon the opposite ends of the screw shafts h¹, and 2, respectively
the pinions ¹, and k¹, are mounted, and in manner similar to that of the before
mentioned pinions d and c¹, are capable of running loose upon the shafts h³,
and i, or, by tightening the nuts and m³, the said pinions may be secured to,
and thereby be caused to rotate with their respective shafts. Both of the pinions j³,
and k, gear into and with the intermediate wheel n¹, which is carried upon the
shaft o', and, in manner similar to that herein before described with reference to
the pinions d, e, j', and k³, this wheel is capable of running loose upon the
shaft o¹, or, by tightening up the nut p¹, the said pinion is capable of being
secured to the shaft o'. This shaft o¹, is grooved in the ordinary manner, so as to
be at all times in gear with a sliding clutch which is capable of being engaged
with, and disengaged from a clutch face formed on the back of the toothed mitre
wheel p¹, Figure 7, and the lever for operating which is shewn at q¹, Figures 5
and 6. The wheel p¹, gears with the mitre wheel r¹, which, as shewn at Figure 7,
is formed in part with the mitre wheel 8¹. This last mentioned wheel s¹, in the
ordinary manner, that is to say, through the mitre wheel t¹, operates the vertical
screw shaft u¹, and thus through the nut v¹, causes the tool or front plate a, along
with the slide e, to which it is pivoted, to move vertically up or down. It is to be
understood that this last described arrangement of mitre wheels p¹, r', 8', and t¹,
and the parts directly connected therewith, is applied to each of the tool boxes A
and B to enable them to work independently of each other.
The hereinbefore mentioned swinging lever q¹, as shewn at Figure 2, and on an
enlarged scale at Figure 5, is pivoted upon the shaft w¹, and the pawl r, connected
therewith is capable of engaging with the ratchet wheel al, which is rigidly secured
to such shaft w.¹ At the opposite end, this shaft w₁, has the toothed wheel y',
rigidly secured to it and is in gear with the toothed pinion 7, herein before
described.
It will thus be seen from the herein before described arrangement of mechanism
that the feed gear for actuating the tool boxes, is divided into two portions, one
situated at the one end for driving the tool boxes horizontally in the usual way,
whilst the gear at the other end for effecting the vertical motions of the tool boxes
is transmitted thereto through the shaft w, which shaft is so situated as not to
interfere with the gear at either end.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. The improvements in machines for planing metal consisting of the lip c,
cast or otherwise formed upon the tool plate a, so as to bear against the rigid
clamp f, and so prevent the formation of uneven surfaces such as are technically
known as "knurl" all substantially as, and operating in the manner herein before
set forth with reference to the annexed drawings.

page_text: Second. The improvements in machines for planing metals consisting of the
arrangement herein before described for rendering the vertical motions of the tool
boxes independent of the horizontal motions of the said tool boxes all substantially
as and for the purposes herein before set forth with reference to the annexed
drawings.
2000
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
Applicant's Agents.