IMPROVEMENTS IN COAL OIL STOVES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Alexander Brognard, of Philadelphia, in the State
of Pennsylvania, and United States of North America, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COAL OIL STOVES." A communication by John Henry
Irwin, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, and United States of North
America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henry Alexander Brognard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1880.
HENRY ALEXANDER BROGNARD, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania,
and United States of North America. “IMPROVEMENTS IN COAL OIL STOVES."
[A communication by John Henry Irwin, of Philadelphia, in the State of
Pennsylvania, and United States of North America.]
The Invention relates to stoves made use of for cooking and heating purposes,
and is especially adapted to that class which employ liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon
for fuel. For convenience, the following description will be confined to an
apparatus in which liquid hydrocarbon is employed as fuel, but as will be apparent
the same principles of structure and operation will be equally applicable and
equally effective when fuels of other description are employed. In all stoves
wherein liquid hydrocarbon is employed as a fuel, it has heretofore been impossible
to prevent the flame from giving off jets of smoke under certain conditions, and
those jets of smoke are not only unpleasant and objectionable in themselves, but
they taint the food which is being cooked, especially in the oven, and are an actual
waste of fuel, and are the result of atmospheric disturbances acting upon the air
currents passing to the flame and supporting combustion, and are the distinct result
of a defective supply of air and imperfect combustion. They are caused by
disturbances and currents in the adjacent atmosphere, as when the stove is exposed
to motion or to wind, or when bodies in the vicinity are moved rapidly, and by
the disturbance of the escaping currents by the sudden movement of the oven door,
or the stove furniture, plates, &c. In fact, any cause which éffects a disturbance
of the air currents within or adjacent to the stove will produce the objectionable
effects above mentioned. In practice, however, these causes of disturbance are
susceptible of separate treatment. The purpose of this Invention is to prevent

page_text: these objectionable effects by applying to the combustion chamber and oven of a
stove devices which will control the atmospheric currents when disturbed, and
compel them to aid and facilitate combustion, and never to retard it when the
stove shall be exposed to motion itself, or to wind or to local atmospheric currents
caused by the moving of the stove furniture or bodies in the vicinity; the air
currents which support combustion will be accelerated, and the flame will not
be caused to smoke.
The purpose of the present Invention is in general terms effected by a system of
counterbalancing air circuits conducted through conduits or air tubes with injectors
and ejectors adapted to a stove for heating or cooking, the same being a branch of
art and manufacture distinct from that of illumination, although the same general
principles, chemical and mechanical, are involved in both. Disturbances arising
from the motion of the oven door, cooking utensils, &c., do not, however, require for
their correction the presenco of injectors and ojoctors, because whereas tho effect of
such movement heretofore has been to entirely retard the escape of the products
of combustion, with my improvements such movements have an effect_to
accelerate such escape through the action of counterbalancing air tubes. The
Invention also includes various matters of structural detail, which will be par-
ticularly pointed out hereinafter. Having now set forth the nature and scope of
the Invention, I will now describe more particularly how it may be put into
effective operation, referring to the accompanying Drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a
perspective view of a cooking stovo constructed according to my Invention;
Figure 2 is a section thereof; and Figures 3, 4, and 5, are modifications illustrating
certain differences in the mode of construction with reference to the conduits of tho
entering air, but without reference to any other part, and without introducing any
variation in the mode of operation. A is an oil reservoir, which in portable stoves
will be preferably placed in the base, as shown, but for larger and permanently
placed stoves the roservoir may be at a distance, and the fuel conducted to the
burners by means of pipes. B is a burner upon the reservoir, from which it is fed;
combustion takes place in said burner in the usual manner. D is a draft chimney
placed above said burner for the purpose of inducing a sufficient supply of air to the
flame. E is the supporting frame work above and about the top of the chimney to
support the cooking utensils, &c. These parts are in general terms common to
all stoves of this class, but their particular structuro is not the same as in other
stoves, and their relations with the devices invented for the purpose stated are
entirely new. It is now well known that the continuous maintenance of
combustion in a burner for liquid hydrocarbon under all conditions of disturbance
requires that the air to support combustion shall be received at a point so near to
and in such communication with the outlet for the products of combustion that.
both influx and efflux shall be equally affected by any external atmospheric
disturbance, and tho supply of air to the flame will be accelerated thereby, though an
inferior arrangement of air inlets near the level of the flame may be used with tolerable
success in overcoming some of the atmospheric disturbances. The cone 6 of the
burner B is therefore placed upon the roof of the air chamber F, which is so located
as to surround the burner B. All the air which enters the cone b to support
.combustion is therefore received from said air chamber, and the top of the oil pot is
thereby kept cool. The air which enters the air chamber is received through air
conduits or tubes which extend from the air chamber F upward to the immediate
vicinity of the outlet of the chimney D. It is preferred to construct with the
frame a chamber H to receive the products of combustion from the chimney and
the fresh air from the outside. Round the edge of the chamber H or at convenient
points, openings are made in said chamber to admit fresh air for the feeding tube,
and said openings may be provided with injecting and ejecting devices, whereby
exterior air currents are induced to enter said chamber, and the products of
combustion are induced to escape, though for the mere purpose of neutralizing the
disturbance from the movements of the oven door or furniture of the stove these
injectors and ejectors are not required. The holes e, e, armed with deflecting

page_text: plates f, are intended for this purpose, though the particular arrangement of the
inlets and of the injectors and ejectors may be so greatly varied that it is not
proposed to herein enumerate them all, but to reserve the right to make special
structural arrangements of them. The air conduits may be annular or otherwise; it
is preferred to make said conduit tubular as at G, and the number of each tubes
may be as as great as may be necessary.
Independent or accessory injecting and ejecting devices may be placed upon
tube G as at g, if desired. In the Drawings two varieties of such injecting and
ejecting devices are shown merely by way of illustration. In Figures 1, 2, and 4, a
complete and perfect injector and ejector is shown at g upon the tube G. A similar
perfect injector, annular as to the chamber H, is shown in Fig. 3 at h. In Figs. 1
and 2 a more simple form of injector is shown at f, and either form may be con-
tinuous or in sections according as the opening is continuous or in series. The chimney
is provided with a jacket d, attached thereto at its lower end, and to the bottom
plate of chamber H at its apper end, so that said chimney is suspended within said
jacket from above, and at its lower end it does not touch the cone b, and therefore
no heat is transmitted from said chimney to said conc. The intervening space
however is adjusted to admit the volume of air necessary above the conc. The jacket d
prevents a loss of radient heat from the hot chimney by enclosing a body of air
within the chamber H, and therefore in active circulation therewith. The upper
plate E is provided with openings i to admit the cooking utensils, and suitable
covers are provided for said openings. Any desired number of burners B
with their chimneys and a requisite number of air conduits within the injectors
and ejectors may be associated in a single structure to constitute a stove, but for
ordinary purposes a stove with three burners is best adapted, and whon placed
equidistant from each other it admits of the use of an oven over one burner
without in any way interfering with the independent employment of the other
burners for their purposes. Such a structure is shown in Fig. 1. The ordinary
oven employed with hydro carbon and gas stoves may be employed, as shown in
said Figure at J. In Figure 5 the air conduit is represented as annular to the
chimney D. This Invention has also for its object the production of a simple and
efficient structure in which while in operation an easy escape of the products of
combustion is provided after they have parted with their heat, the draft or inflow
of fresh air for supporting combustion being secured against interruption or reversal,
and in which currents of air passing the outlet and inlet openings will cause an
accelerated flow of air to feed the flame, thereby preventing smoking, and obviating
any cooling of the heat communicating part or appliances; and a secondary object
is the construction and arrangement of the essential parts of the device in such a
manner as that they may be easily and cheaply made and readily dismounted for
packing and shipment. To accomplish all this the Invention consists essentially
in locating the burners or other heat producing parts in an air circuit practically
closed except as to that part wherein are located the inlet and discharge mouths,
the open part or break in the circuit being removed from the heat communicating
or working parts of the stove, and being so disposed with respect thereto as that
passing air currents will tend to cause an accelerated outflow of the products of
combustion and an accelerated inflow of fresh air to feed the flame, the discharge
end of the conduit enclosing the circuit being bent downwardly. And the Invention
also consists in certain novel and useful combination of arrangement of parts which
I will now describo, referring to the accompanying Drawings, and more particularly
to Figuro 6, which is a vertical section of a stove arranged for cooking purposes
and illustrating this part of the Invention, and Figure 7 is a perspective view
thereof; Figure 8 is a section, and Figure 9 a plan view of a cooking stove
embodying the principle of this Invention, and having the oil reservoir extending
beneath the oven; Figure 10 is a section of a stove showing instead of an oven a
simple form of fluid circuit arranged to communicate with the discharge section of
the circuit through the stove the better to illustrate the manner in which any
section of the circuit may be utilized, and Figure 11 is a plan view of a detachable

page_text: top plate intended to take the place of the oven when removed from the stove;
Figure 12 is a sectional view, full size, and Figures 13 and 14 detail views of a stove
slightly modified in construction.
A', A', are burners standing in the place of any means for producing beat which
may be adapted, and drawing their supply of fuel froin a convenient reservoir B,
said burners being provided with the usual wick raisers and air deflecting cones;
all the air for the support of combustion is carried to the burner through a practically
closed channel C, and after passing the burner the products of combustion are
carried away through a like practically closed channel C2, to the exit opening
which is located over or substantially over the inlet opening in close proximity
thereto, and in such situation as to compel the products of combustion to first tend
slightly downward before finding an outlet from the structure. The outlet opening
is shown as provided with an inclined surface a', which operates to deflect or turn
impinging air currents in such manner as to cause an ejection from the outlet, and
the inlet is also provided with deflecting surfaces operating to cause an injection
of air, the mouths or openings being so close to each other as that any current of
air striking and affecting the ejector will also strike and affect the injector, in
consequence of which an accelerated flow of air through the structure and upwardly
through the flame chamber is always secured, and smoking or diminution of the
flame thereby prevented. The inlet and outlet channels form a part of the complete
circuit within which the flame is located, and in connection with which any cooking
or beating contrivance is intended to be located. The upper portion of the circuit
is of course most highly heated, and in connection with this it will be most advan-
tageous to apply the means for utilizing the heat. As an illustration of the general
adaptation of the Invention for cooking or heating purposes suppose a tube E',
Figure 10, to be in communication with the heated portion of the circuit at the
two points between which is located the valve b¹ in the original circuit and a
similar valve C in the tube. Under such an arrangement, if valve b' be closed
and c' opened it is plain that the products of combustion will be compelled to pass
around through the tube El before they can escape; and by suitable inanipulating
of the valves the current through tube E may be regulated at pleasure. If now in
place of the tube E' (which may be regarded as a simple radiator) we substitute an
oven as at O' we have the essential elements of a cooking stove. This oven is
detachable from the stove frame, and when so detached is intended to be replaced
by a top plate as at P', Fig. 11, having one or more pot holes in the usual fashion;
but when in place the oven is included in the circuit before mentioned, the valve fi
dropping down so as to compel the heated products to pass upwardly into the oven
before escaping. This valve f¹ is hinged to the removable oven so as to be folded
therein and thus advantageously packed for shipment. The shelves S¹ are pre-
ferably disconnected from the oven walls, or perforated so as to permit a free
admission of the heated products of combustion to and through the chamber the
better to insure their complete utilization. At H', directly over the burners or over
the fire is a convenient place for one or more pot holes. Before escaping at the
outlet the heated products aro first compelled to take a downward course, which
insures a thorough expansion into all the upper portions of the structure and then,
after escaping, an immediate upward expansion, by which they are removed and
prevented from mingling with the ingoing currents intended to feed the flame.
The downward extension of the outlet prevents air currents which may be projected
directly across it from impinging upon the stove plate or other article heated there-
above, and thereby cooling it or destroying the beneficial results of the heat already
obtained, which is not prevented in constructions wherein the outlet is near to the
object to be heated. The deflecting plates above the two mouths of the circuit
may be variously arranged so long as the effects of the injection and ejection are
insured. Substantially such arrangement as that shown herein is preferred, although
any of the numerous forms of combined atmospheric injectors and ejectors heretofore
used might be adopted for this use.
The circuit broken only at one part as explained, and the other arrangements

page_text: being as herein indicated, it will be apparent that any wind or current to which
the broken part may be exposed will operate to increase rather than retard the
combustion, and thus prevent smoking of the flame. This advantageous feature of
the improved stove renders it capable of being used out of doors or in exposed
situations. The oil reservoir may be extended so as to form the base of the stove,
and the remainder of the structure mounted thereon, as shown by Figs. 8, 9, & 10,
or the rear of the stove may be supported by an upright, as at K', Fig. 6, wherein
is also the lower section of the conduit leading in an inclined direction from the
break down to the air box which surrounds the burners. In this form the upright
and the inclined joint or branch of the conduit are detachable from the other parts
for convenience of construction and handling. In practice a brace is extended
from the foot of the upright (indicated in dotted lines Fig. 6), to some convenient
part of the base for the purpose of obviating any accidental disarrangement of the
parts. The top plate may be extended at pleasure and provided with any desired
number of pot holes, and the burners or wick tubes may be regulated in size and
numbers as desired. The upper part of the stove is detachable from the base in
such manner that the burners may be reached; and the air box which surrounds
the burners is also detachable. For convenience of adjustment the base is pro-
vided with sockets g', g', which receive corresponding studs attached to the stove
body. The joints in the air circuits are carefully united, though any inconsiderable
leakage will not materially vary the general results secured. So also any per-
forations made in the conduit which do not permit too great an ingress or egress
of air will not materially affect the operation of the stove. The outlet and inlet
openings are not necessarily provided with the deflecting plates before mentioned,
for tlie reason that as the flame continues air currents passing across the break in
the circuit will tend to draw more from the heated column than from the cooler in
accordance with well known principles, and therefore the desired direction through
the circuit will always be maintained. But very much better results will follow
the use of the deflecting surfaces, and especially will this be the case as the distance
between the outlet and inlet openings is increased. When constructed and arranged
substantially in accordance with the foregoing explanations the stove may bo
employed in any exposed situation. The structure is simple, easily operated, and is
found in practice to admirably answer the several purposes of the Invention, as
previously stated.
Having now described my Invention and the manner in which the same is
carried into practical effect, I wish to have it understood that I do not limit myself
to the exact details of construction and arrangement of parts as shown and described,
as these may be greatly varied without departing from the principle and peculiar
nature of the Invention; but what I do claim is,-
1st. A lamp having a burner B provided with a slotted cone, an air chamber F
which delivers air beneath said cone only, an air conduit or tubes to convey air to
said chamber, combined with a surrounding frame E having one or more holes for
the reception of cooking utensils whereby a lamp stove is constituted, as set
forth.
2d. A lamp having a burner B provided with a slotted cone and an air chamber F
which delivers air beneath said cone only, and a surrounding frame E provided
with holes for the reception of cooking utensils, combined with the air conduits or
tubes extending from said chamber to the vicinity of the outlet of the burner
chimney.
3d. A stove for heating and cooking purposes having a top provided with one or
more holes for the reception of cooking utensils combined with one or more burners
and chinneys, and an air chamber F below the slotted cones of said burners, and
which delivers air to the flame only, air conductors or tubes and devices for injecting
and ejecting air into said air chamber and out from said chimney respectively.
4th. A stove for heating and cooking purposes with a top provided with one or
more holes for the reception of cooking utensils combined with burnors B, and
chimneys D, and with the air chamber F, and air conduits or tubes provided with

page_text: injectors and ejectors to inject air into the conduit and to eject air from the commney,
as set forth.
5th. A stove for heating and cooking purposes having a chamber H at the top
provided with holes for the reception of cooking utensils, and holes e armed with
injecting and ejecting devices around its edges combined with the burner B, with
its chimney D, and with the air chamber F, and air tube or tubes G connecting
said air chamber with the chamber H, as set forth.
6th. In a stove for heating and cooking purposes a channel H at the top having
holes for the reception of cooking utensils and burner B below said chamber
combined with the chimney D having the jacket d, whereby said chimney is
suspended and inclosed, so that heat radiated from the walls of said chimney is
saved, as set forth.
7th. In a stove for heating and cooking purposes a chamber H at the top having
holes for the reception of cooking utensils and burner B below said chamber
combined with chimney D and jacket d, whereby said chimney is suspended from
above the burner cone and disconnected therefrom, for the purpose set forth.
8th. In a stove for beating and cooking purposes a chamber H at the top having
holes for the reception of cooking utensils and burner or burners below said
chamber combined with a chimney or chimneys D suspended from above the
burner cone or cones and disconnected therefrom, for the purpose specified.
9th. In a stove of the character described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, and 11 of the accompanying Drawings a practically close walled conduit having
outlet and inlet openings in close proximity to each other but removed from the
heat communicating parts of the stove, the burner or heaters located within the
enclosed circuit, the outlet being placed over or substantially over the inlet, as
specified, so that the products of combustion will be compelled to take a downward
course after having been utilized and before escaping, substantially for the purpose
set forth.
10th. In a stove of the character shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and 11 of
the accompanying Drawings a practically close walled conduit having outlet and
inlet openings in close proximity to each other but removed from the heat com-
municating parts of the stove, and provided with a deflecting surface or surfaces,
the burners or heaters located within the enclosed circuit, the outlet being placed
over or substantially over the inlet, as explained, so that the products of combustion
will be compelled to take a downward course after having been utilized and before
escaping, substantially as set forth.
11th. In combination with the stove frame the open bottom oven O¹ provided
with a hinged valve adapted to compel the heated air and gases to pass through
the oven, as described and shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the accompanying
Drawings.
12th. In a stove wherein the air and gases are confined to a single circuit an
oven adapted to be located in communication with said circuit and to form a part
thereof, substantially as set forth and shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the
Drawings.
13th. In a stove the combination with the base and chamber of the removable
or detachable section of the air conduit, as set forth and shown by Figures 6, 7, 8,
9, and 10 of the Drawings.
14th. In a stove of the character herein before specified the combination with the
removable section C¹ of the upright supporting one end of the same, and also
supporting a portion of the upper part of the structure, as set forth and shown in
Figures 6 and 7 of the Drawings.
15th. In a stove of the character described the combination with the stove frame
which contains the continuous air circuit having outlet and inlet openings in close
proximity to each other of the top or pot hole plate, located above the flame space
in communication with said circuit, as described and shown in Figures 6 to 10
of the accompanying Drawings.
16th. The combination with the stove burner of a surrounding jacket com

page_text: municating with the inlet and outlet sections of the conduit enclosing a portion of
the circuit and made removable from the base and frame, being provided with
matching studs or sockets to facilitate the assembling of the parts after disconnecting,
as set forth and shown by Figure 7 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Alexander Brognard, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
HENRY ALEXANDER BROGNARD. (L.S.)