IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Smith, Mechanical Engineer, of Bradford,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1874.
I, JOHN SMITH, Mechanical Engineer, of Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to employing a self-acting apparatus for the
purpose of delivering the warps at any required pressure or tension,
dispensing with the setting up and facilitating the pulling back, pre-
venting the warps stretching or twisting, and producing an even fabric.

page_text: For this purpose I employ a spring made of steel or metal lined with
leather, or india-rubber, or of any suitable material; on the back end of
the spring is rivetted a lug through which passes a bolt having at each
end links fitted on, these links form a kind of parallel motion for the
purpose of allowing the warps to give and take, giving ease to the warps
to get, the weft in; the links are fitted on a bolt fixed in a bracket which
is bolted to the loom frame. The spring is made to pass under the bottom
part of the ring of the warp beam, passing over the top; on the front end
of the spring is riveted a lug having a slot opening, through which is
passed an eye bolt; this bolt is fixed to the required position by means of
two nuts and a washer; in the eye of the bolt a hook is passed which is
formed on a lever to enable the unhooking of the weight and lever from
the springs, or break and take off the pressure when the break is not
required. The end of the hooked lever is made with a projection on which
rests a lever having the sliding weight, and this lever is prevented moving
out of gear with the hooked lever by means of a movable catch fitted
on the hooked lever, keeping the weight and lever fixed to the hooked lever
when the catch is down, and enabling the lifting when the catch is up.
The lever on which slides the weight is formed with notches to slide the
weight on; the weight is for the purpose of giving any required pressure
or tension to the warps. Or I may use a steel or metal spring with
lining which is passed over the ring of the warp beam; this spring is
loose and not fastened to the loom frame. On the back end is riveted
a lug through which is fitted a screwed stud having a T handle; between
the handle and the lug is fitted a spring; the T handle is made to pass
through a slot hole formed in a bracket rivetted on the front end of the
spring. The back of the spring is brought to the front, passing round-
the ring of the warp beam encircling it, and kept fixed by turning the
T handle over the slot hole. The required pressure is kept by means of a
lever with a movable catch, and actuated by another lever and weight
in a similar manner, as herein-before described.
I also employ a motion fitted in front of the loom to pull back when
the warps become deranged; this motion is worked by a catch wheel
fitted on the warp beam and actuated by gear.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on tho
27th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SMITH, Mechanical Engineer, of Bradford, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Smith, Her special
licence that I, the said John Smith, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Smith, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Smith, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereto
annexed and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:-
The said Invention relates to employing a self-acting apparatus for
the purpose of delivering the warps at any required pressure or tension,
thereby dispensing with the setting up and facilitating the pulling back,
preventing the warps stretching or twisting and producing an even¸

page_text: fabric. For this purpose I employ a spring made of steel or metal lined
with leather or india-rubber, or of other suitable material; on the
back end of the spring is rivetted a lug through which passes a bolt
having at each end links fitted thereon; these links form a kind of
parallel motion for the purpose of allowing the warps to give and take,
giving ease to the warps to get the weft in; the links are fitted on a bolt
fixed in a bracket which is bolted to the loom frame. The spring is
made to pass under the bottom part of the ring of the warp beam passing
over the top; on the front end of the spring is rivetted a lug having a
slot opening through which is passed an eye bolt; this bolt is fixed to
the required position by means of two nuts and a washer; through the
eye of the bolt a hook is passed which is formed on a lever to allow the
unhooking of the weight and lever from the springs or break, and to
take off the pressure when the break is not required. The end of the
hooked lever is made with a projection, on which rests a lover having
the sliding weight, and this lover is prevented from moving out of gear
with the hooked lever by means of a moveable catch fitted on the hooked
lever, thereby keeping the weight and lever fixed to the hooked lever
when the catch is down, and allowing of the lifting when the catch is
The lever on which slides the weight is formed with notches to slide
the weight on; the weight is for the purpose of giving any required
pressure or tension to the warps. Or I may use a steel or metal spring
with lining which is passed over the ring of the warp beam; this spring
is loose and not fastened to the loom frame. On the back end is rivetted
a lug through which is fitted a screwed stud having a T handle; between
the handle and the lug is fitted a spring. The T handle is made to pass
through a slot hole formed in a bracket rivetted on the front end of the
spring. The back of the spring is brought to the front, passing round
the ring of the warp beam encircling it, and kept fixed by turning the
T handle over the slot hole. The required pressure is kept by means of
a lever with a moveable catch, and actuated by another lever and weight
in a similar manner to that herein-before described.
up.
I employ a motion fitted in front of the loom to pull back when the
warps become deranged; this motion is worked by a catch wheel fitted
on the warp beam and actuated by gear.

page_text: But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood I
will proceed to more particularly describe the same by reference to the
accompanying Drawing, in which. Figure 1 represents a side view of a
warp regulator with link motion; Figure 2, front view; and Figure 3,
plan of the same.
Figure 4 represents a side view of a loose warp regulator passed over
the ring of a warp beam; Figure 5, front view of the same.
Figure 6 represents the back of a loom with warp regulating apparatus,
pull back motion, and self-acting gear for taking off the pressure or
tension of the warps as the weaving operation proceeds; Figure 7, side
view; and Figure 8, plan of the same.
Similar letters of reference are used in all the Figures to represent
similar parts.
A, spring made of steel or iron and lined with leatlier or india-rubber
B or other suitable material. On the end of the spring is rivetted a
bracket having a lug C through which passes a bolt D securing a lug E
of the link F, thus forming a kind of parallel motion, allowing the warps
to give and take, and giving case to the warps to get the weft in. This
parallel motion is fitted on a bolt G fixed in a bracket H which is bolted
to the loom frame I. The spring is made to pass under the bottom and
over the top of a circular casting J having flanges K on which works
the spring and lining; this casting fits on the ring L of the warp
beam M. On the front part of the spring is rivetted a lug N having an
opening through which passes a screwed end of an eye bolt O which is
fixed to the required position by nuts P and a washer. Through the
eye bolt O is passed a hook Q formed on a lever R to allow the un-
hooking of the weight and lever from the spring and take off the
pressure when the break is not required. The end of the lever R is
made with a projection S on which rests the lever T having the sliding
weight; this lever is prevented from moving out of gear with the lever R
by the moveable catch U, thus keeping the weight and lever fixed to the
lever T when the catch is down, and allowing of the lifting when the
catch is up. The lever T is made with notches to slide the weight on ;
the weight is for the purpose of giving any required pressure or tension
to the warps. I may use the warp break with the spring passed under
and over the ring L of the warp beam M, thus doing away with the
circular casting J.

page_text: The loose spring A', Figures 4 and 5, lined with leather or india-
rubber, or other suitable material is made to pass nearly over the warp
beam ring L and is not fastened to the loom frame. On the back end is
rivetted a lug V in which screws a screw W; this screw is made with a
T piece X bent over so as to form a handle and allow the placing in of
the fingers to turn the screw W. This T.piece X is made to pass
through a slot hole Y formed in a bracket Z rivetted in the front end of
the spring A. The back of the spring is brought to, the front, passing
round the ring L of the warp beam M, nearly encircling it, and is kept
fixed by turning the handle X over the slot hole Y. A spring B¹ is
fitted between the lug Y and bracket Z to keep the break firmly fixed
when the handle X is turned over the slot hole Y. On the bracket Z is
formed a lug C', in which fits the end of a lever R herein-before
described.
For pulling back when the warps become deranged I employ a catch
wheel D' fitted on the warp beam end (but I can fix the same to the
loom frame), the catch wheel D¹ is actuated by a pawl E¹ worked by the
pawl lever F¹ on this lever is formed a lug G¹ in which fits a stud H
forming the fulcrum of the lever, this stud is fitted in a bracket I' bolted
to the loom frame I. On the end of the pawl lever F¹ is fitted a bolt J¹
on which is fixed the pawl E. To pull back the warps when they
become deranged the operator presses his foot on the foot lever K',
turning the shaft L' and lifting the lever M' which raises the weight
lever N¹, taking off the pressure on the break and consequently off the
warps; the operator then takes hold of the handle O' formed on the
lever F¹ and works it up and down, thereby actuating the catch wheel D¹
and turning back the warp beam M. P¹ guide for the pawl lever F¹.
For taking off the pressure or tension of the warps as the weaving
operation proceeds I employ a stud Q' fitted in the circular casting J,
which turning with the warp beam M comes in contact with a catch
wheel R and moves it. On the catch wheel R¹ is cast a small wheel S'
working in a wheel T¹ and actuating another larger wheel U¹; on this
wheel U¹ is cast a boss Z¹ to which is attached a cord V¹, the other end
of the cord being attached to the weight W', which is made to slide on
the lever N¹; this lever is fitted on a bracket X¹ fixed to the loom
frame I, having a handle Y¹ for taking off the pressure of the break
when required by lifting the lever N¹ and weights. The catch wheel R'
actuating the wheels S', T', and U³, winds the cord V' on the boss Z¹,

page_text: slowly bringing forward the weights W' and W³, and reducing the
pressure or tension of the warps as the weaving operation proceeds.
The cord is made to pass under a hooked guard Z which may be
made with a loose ring to reduce friction, the weight W' is moveable,
5 and in it is fixed a square rod W' to allow the placing of the loose
weights W³, thus giving the means of increasing the weight when
required.
Having thus described my Invention, and the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, what I claim is,-
Firstly. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus for
delivering the warps at any required pressure or tension, thereby
facilitating the pulling back and taking off the pressure of the warps as
the weaving operation proceeds, substantially as hercin-before described
and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. The employment of breaks constructed of steel or iron
springs lined with leather, or india-rubber, or other suitable material,
substantially as herein-before described and represented in the Drawing
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Smith, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five.
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Smith, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
WALTER JA. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
JOHN SMITH. (L.S.)