IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON OR CAST-IRON BARS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Touaillon, of Paris, France, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON OR CAST-IRON
BARS."A communication from Oscar André and Jean Simon
Fleury, residing at Neuilly, near Paris in France, Manufacturers.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charles Touaillon, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 25th November 1871, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TOUAILLON, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
IRON OR CAST-IRON BARS," communicated to me by Oscar André and Jean
Simon Fleury, two persons resident at Neuilly, near Paris, in France,
Manufacturers, and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and made solemn Declaration that it is a communi-
cation.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Touaillon, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention communicated to me consists of the casting of iron
or cast-iron bars grooved into the shape of an arc of a circle, their central
part being solid with projecting flyers. Bars thus made essentially
differ from T iron or iron having four flyers now in use, between which
and the said bars there exists an analogy not only by their form,
but also and specially by their practical results and employment. The
T iron whose angles are nearly always right or nearly so has the sides of
its flyers parallel, its resistance only lies in the section a, b, of its
ridge a, b, (Fig. 1 in the accompanying Drawings) perpendicularly
connected with at the head c, d, that is to say, in one direction; its
slender aspect otherwise prevents it from being used as an iron railing
or for other similar purposes. Indeed seen from the side of its head
c, d, it shows a front which does not offer any posterior resistance; the
ridge b, a, on the opposite side has the appearance of a blade where the
two parts are crossed.
The cross iron or iron having four flyers is entirely as much
disadvantageous; the object in view and the results obtained by casting
cross iron are thereby identically the same as those of the T iron. On
the contrary the principle of casting bars grooved in the shape of an arc
of a circle is based upon the resistance inherent to the shape of the
solid central part A (Fig. 3 & 4) increased by the sections of the
flyers which throws from the centre the point of resistance to the
limits of the circle into which the iron or cast-iron bar is inscribed, and
not into the circle whose diameter would be equal to the distance
between two flyers. These flyers indeed are butressed by the arcs by
which they are connected together. They look much thicker than the
rod iron and are much stronger, and are similar in their aspect and
strength to square iron having the same dimensions.

page_text: On one hand the round projections of the flyers b, b, b, (Fig. 3 & 4,)
and on the other hand the curvilineal groves c, c, c, (Fig. 3 & 4,)
causes dark and light shades, which bars having a regular surface
do not cause, and thus avoids at the same time the thin aspect of T iron
and cross iron, or iron having four flyers, now in use. By this method
of casting a great saving of material is also secured.
This saving
proceeds from the difference of weight between the grooved bar and
the solid, round, or square bar usually used as iron railings. The saving
is more or less great according to the radius of the deepened arc, but is
of about fifty per cent. These bars of iron or cast iron, are chiefly used
for constructing standing or open gratings, gates, and fences in open
work, or others, balconys, staircase balusters, parapets of bridges, and for
other similar purposes. In order to unite together the said upright bars
by cross piece bars, flat iron or handrails, flat iron as generally used
(Fig. 5), or angle iron, or double squared iron, or in U (Fig. 6), they
are cut by a strap punch. The said bars can moreover be applied by
uniting them in bundles as uprights, as posts, as pillars for constructing
greenhouses, winter gardens, kiosques, garden furniture, fences, railway
stations, workshops, and any kind of iron buildings.
The various means for uniting the said bars by cross pieces are shewn
in the following Figures; Fig. 7 shews the uniting by an ordinary iron
cross piece; Fig. 8 shews the uniting by a double square or in U
horizontal iron cross piece; Fig. 9 shews the same vertically; Fig. 10
shews the uniting by an angle iron cross piece; Fig. 11 shews the
same double, shut, and horizontal; Fig. 12 shews the same vertically;
Fig. 13 shews the uniting by a double square iron cross piece shut at
the bottom; Fig. 14 shows the same shut at the top.
Fig. 15 shews a perspective view of a fence consisting of iron bars
grooved in the shape of an arc of a circle with ordinary TT iron
cross pieces, with posts made from a bundle of grooved iron bars;
Fig. 16 shews an amplified elevation view of a bar grooved in the shape
of an arc of a circle cut at the bottom end, and Fig. 17 shews an
amplified view of the uniting of grooved bars and cross pieces.
In order to unite the ornaments, volutes, scrolls, rings of tilted iron,
pig iron, malleable iron, cast steel (Fig. 18 & 19), joining rings are
used whose inside shape is similar to that of the grooved iron bars, and
which are either hexagonal (Fig 20), or octogonal (Fig. 21); two of

page_text: their sides are parallel at the place where the ornament adjoining the
bar with which it is fastened by a notch, a pin, a screw, or a rivet.
The grooved iron bars can be made into any shape by the rolling
operation, without deviating from the principle on which the said
Invention is based (Fig. 22 & 23).
Having thus described and ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention, and explained and illustrated the means which I propose
to employ in carrying the various improvements into effect and practice,
I hereby further declare that I do not absolutely restrict myself to the
precise details above described and illustrated, as they may be modified
without departing from the principle upon which the said Invention
is based, but what I claim is the casting of iron or cast-iron bars into
the shape of an arc of a circle, their central part being solid with
projecting flyers.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Touaillon, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.