IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING WEBS OR NARROW GOODS, AND IN ORNA- MENTING ELASTIC WEGS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Burrows, of Leicester, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING WEBS OR NARROW GOODS, AND IN ORNA-
MENTING ELASTIC WEGS."
Sealed the 4th June 1858, and dated the 27th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Burrows at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1858.
I, BENJAMIN BURROWS, of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING WEBS OR NARROW GOODS, AND IN
ORNAMENTING ELASTIC WEBS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving webs or narrow
goods and in ornamenting elastic webs. One improvement consists in weaving
coach lace or such like narrow goods with terry weavings on their surfaces by
constructing looms in such manner as to combine the use of separate terry
wires with the employment of two shuttles moved simultaneously in opposite
directions by means of racks and pinions, or by what is known as the peg
motion. For this purpose three sheds are simultaneously opened, two for the
shuttles to pass through in opposite directions, and one for the wire, which is
supplied by a hopper at one selvage, from which the lowest wire is moved when
the shed to receive it is opened. By this means narrow terry fabrics may be
woven when two shuttles are used in such manner that several separate terry
wires may be constantly in the fabric; and by using two shuttles, simultaneously
moved in opposite directions by racks and pinions or peg motions, narrow
fabrics may also be woven without the use of terry wires, and such fabrics
may, when desired, be composed of strands or warps of india-rubber, in order
to obtain elastic webs.

page_text: Another improvement in weaving elastic webs consists in a mode of
employing strands of india-rubber as warps, such strands being coated or
covered with different colours, so that there being several such strands in a
warp, they may, by jacquard or other means, be brought to the surface so as
to produce patterns according to the order in which the different colours are
brought to the surface. At other times such colored india-rubber strands are
covered by the interweaving of the weft or wefts used, and the non-elastic
warps and such different colored yarns may be used in combination with
ordinary uncovered strands of india-rubber, which in weaving are all covered
by the non-elastic warps interwoven with the weft or wefts employed.
And another improvement consists in subjecting such or other woven elastic
webs to pressure between the surfaces of rollers, one or both being engraved,
so as to produce embossings to one or both surfaces.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Burrows in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
BURROWS, of Leicester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Benjamin Burrows, Her special licence that I, the said Benjamin
Burrows, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Benjamin Burrows, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING WEBS OR NARROW GOODS, AND IN ORNAMENTING ELASTIC
WEBS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin
Burrows, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: • NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Burrows, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving webs or narrow
goods and in ornamenting elastic webs. One improvement consists in weaving
coach lace or such like narrow goods with terry weavings on their surfaces, by
constructing looms in such manner as to combine the use of separate terry
wires with the employment of two shuttles moved simultaneously in opposite
directions by means of racks and pinions, or by what is known as the peg
motion. For this purpose three sheds are simultaneously opened, two for the
shuttles to pass through in opposite directions, and one for the wire, which is
supplied by a hopper at one selvage, from which the lowest wire is moved
when the shed to receive it is opened. By this means narrow terry fabrics
may be woven when two shuttles are used in such manner that several
separate terry wires may be constantly in the fabric; and by using two
shuttles simultaneously moved in opposite directions by racks and pinions or
peg motions, narrow fabrics may also be woven without the use of terry wires,
and such fabrics may, when desired, be composed of strands or warp of india-
rubber, in order to obtain elastic webs.
Another improvement in weaving elastic webs consists in a mode of em-
ploying strands of india-rubber as warps, such strands being coated or covered
with different colors, so that there being several such strands in a warp, they
may, by jacquard or other means, be brought to the surface, so as to produce
patterns according to the order in which the different colors are brought to the
surface. At other times such colored india-rubber strands are covered by the
interweaving of the weft or wefts used; and the non-elastic warps and such
different colored yarns may be used in combination with ordinary uncovered
strands of india-rubber, which in weaving are all covered by the non-elastic
warps, interwoven with the weft or wefts employed.
And another improvement consists in subjecting such or other woven elastic
webs to pressure between the surfaces of rollers, one or both being engraved
so as to produce embossings to one or both surfaces.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: suitable for weaving breadths of terry fabrics, these views show the parts full
size; Figure 4 shews a section, and Figure 5 a front view of like parts on a
smaller scale; the means of arranging and actuating by racks and pinions of
the two shuttles used being also shown.
The object of this part of my Invention is to combine the use of two shuttles
actuated by racks and pinions or by a peg motion, with the use of apparatus for
opening two sheds in breadth or narrow fabrics which are being woven selvage
to selvage, in ribbon or breadth looms; and also to combine the use of two
shuttles, actuated by racks and pinions or by peg motions, with apparatus for
like descriptions of looms opening three sheds, one for introducing separate
and independent wires or rods for making terry weavings, and two for the
simultaneous passage of the two shuttles.
a, a, are the reeds; b and c, are the two shuttles used for a breadth, and
they are each put in motion in like manner (by rack and pinion or peg motion)
to what is well understood when using only a single shuttle to each breadth
of fabric; but according to my Invention, whether weaving with independent
wires to produce terry weavings or without wires where only two sheds are.
opened, the two shuttles are caused to pass simultaneously in opposite direc-
tions through the two sheds opened respectively for them.
When using
separate and independent wires to produce terry weavings, a number of such
wires are kept supplied into a hopper d, from which the wires descend
between the uprights e, e, at the sides, and f, f, at the ends of the wires, by
which the wires are retained correct till they get to the bottom, and the
lowermost one is removed into the shed opened for it by means of a forcer g,
which receives motion by a cam or otherwise when the shed is open. The
forcers g of the several breadths of fabrics which are being woven at the same
time are all connected to the bar h, so that by giving motion by a cam or
otherwise to such bar, the whole of the forcers are simultaneonsly moved, and
each forcer forces a wire into the shed opened to receive it.
When terry weavings are not desired to be produced, this apparatus will
not be required; when wires are used, they may be drawn out of the fabric by
any suitable apparatus applied to the loom, as is well understood. The warp
is in each case divided into four parts, as is well understood, to produce three
sheds, which is not new, and separately is not of my Invention. i, i, are
the racks, and j, j, the pinions, by which the two shuttles used for each
breadth of fabric are moved to and fro, and they are actuated as heretofore,
when using only one shuttle for each breadth of fabric.
In place of using racks and pinions to give motion to the two shuttles, the
ordinary peg motions of ribbon looms may be used. When working with two

page_text: shuttles and no terry wires, then the harness will be arranged to open only
two sheds for the two shuttles, as has before been practised when using two
shuttles thrown across from shuttle boxes.
In the manufacture of elastic webs, when covered india-rubber strands or
threads are used; the strands of india-rubber (by preference vulcanized) are
covered with cotton, silk, or other material, as heretofore, and they may be
covered with different colored fibres, according to the effect desired to be pro-
duced; these strands of covered india-rubber are woven into elastic webs, by
employing a warp of silk, cotton, or other yarns capable of enclosing or covering
the elastic strands, the inelastic strands and the weft coming on both sides of
the fabric. And the peculiarity of the Invention consists in causing the elastic
covered strands to be brought to the surface to produce a figure thereon. For
this purpose the elastic covered strands are actuated by jacquard or other
pattern surface in such manner as from time to time to bring such of the
elastic covered strands to the surface and at others to keep them between the
surfaces of fabric of inelastic yarns on both sides of the elastic covered strands.
From the above description a weaver will readily harness a loom to produce
the desired figure or pattern; and he will arrange for bringing the covered
elastic yarns to the surface according to the pattern or figure he desires to
produce thereby.
Another part of my Invention consists in embossing elastic webs wherein
strands of india-rubber are used. Heretofore, various descriptions of woven
fabrics have been subjected to a process of embossing, to which, therefore,
separately I make no claim; but my present improvement consists in apply-
ing such process of embossing to webs which contain strands of india-rubber;
and I prefer to employ cold pressure, but do not confine myself thereto, as the
embossing surfaces may be made warm when the natures of the colors of the
clastic fabrics will not be injured thereby.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Burrows, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
THOMAS JAMES WHEELER,
Abbey Mills, Leicester.
BENJAMIN BURROWS. (L.S.)