IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hanson, Engineer, of Bradford, in the County
of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hanson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1877.
WILLIAM HANSON, Engineer, of Bradford, in the County of York. * IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to further improvements in apparatus for delivering the
warps at any required pressure or tension, thereby dispensing with the setting up
and facilitating the pulling back, preventing the warps stretching or twisting,
producing an even fabric, for which Provisional Protection was granted to me, dated
the Twenty-eighth day of February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven,
No. 817.
In carrying out the Invention as described in the said Provisional Specification
I have found that a great benefit is derived by fitting on the pulling back apparatus
a self-acting apparatus for regulating the pressure or tension on the warps as the
weaving operations proceed. For this purpose I fit on the warp beam ends iron
bushes, and on each bush next to the warp beam flange I cast or fit a projecting
tooth, which, revolving, comes in contact with a finger fitted on the lower arm of a
lever; this finger is made with a jaw, and fitted on a joint formed on the lower
arm of the lever, and secured by a stud. The finger works loosely on the joint, but
is prevented moving outward by a projection forined on the end of the lower arm;
the finger can work freely inward, and allows the projecting tooth to pass
freely when pulling back. The top arm of the lever is fitted with a pawl
which actuates a ratchet wheel; the fulcrum of the lever works on a stud fitted in a
side bracket cast on the top shoe or break, and near the centre of the lever is
cast or otherwise formed a lever and balance weight of sufficient weight to over-
balance the lever and pawl, and bring back the pawl to the top of its stroke after
[Price Gd]

page_text: having moved the ratchet wheel; a stop is also fitted or cast on the side bracket to
keep the lever in position and prevent it falling back.
The ratchet wheel is fitted on a stud working in bearings formed on the side
brackets cast on the top of the top shoe and on the stud, and between the side
brackets is fitted a worm which turns when the pawl pushes back the ratchet wheel,
and actuates a worm wheel fitted over and on a square nut formed on the loose
cover of a box, inside of which is placed an india-rubber or steel spring. The pawl
can be set to actuate only one tooth of the ratchet wheel, or two, three, or four at
the stroke. In this case a guide block is fitted in a guide formed on one of the
side brackets of the top shoe, and this block can be secured to any desirable incline
to give more or less stroke to the pawl. Over the guide block travels a stud fitted
on the end of the pawl guiding the stroke of the pawl.
On the back end of the top shoe is cast a lug formed with a slot, and on this
lug is placed the box with the spring, and through the box and spring is passed a
rod having a screwed top end, over which is screwed the nut and box cover of
the spring box. The bottom end of the rod is secured in a box formed on an
excentric ring, which works over an excentric fitted on a stud formed on a small
shaft fitted in brackets cast or fixed to the sole plate of the bottom shoe. The
excentric is made with a lever having a stop pin. The sole plate is fixed by a
bolt or bolts to the loom frame.
The required pressure on the warp beam is given by screwing up the nut of the
box spring cover to a sufficient pressure, and by pulling down the excentric
lever which turns the excentric, bringing down the excentric rod, and forcing the
spring in the box, pressing the shoes or breaks on the warp beam iron bush, and
giving the required pressure or tension to the warps.
As the weaving operations proceed, the tooth on the bush at each turn of the
warp beam comes in contact with the finger on the lever fitted to the top shoe,
actuating the pawl and giving a stroke of one or more teeth to the ratchet wheel,
which actuates the worm and worm wheel, unscrewing slowly the nut on the
excentric rod top, and slowly releasing the spring, gradually reducing and regulating
the pressure or tension on the warps as the weaving operations proceed.
When the pressure placed on the warp beam is required to be removed for pulling
back the warps the lever on the excentric is lifted, turning the excentric and releasing
the spring in the box, lifting up the excentric rod and removing the pressure off the
shoes or breaks; and by turning the warp beam by the beam flanges the warps are
pulled back. When the pulling back is finished, the lever is lowered and the
excentric turned down, pulling down the excentric rod, and producing the pressure
on the spring and warps. The shoes are lined with wood or leather.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Hanson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st February
1878.
WILLIAM HANSON, Engineer, of Bradford, in the County of York.
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"IMPROVE-
The said Invention relates to further improvements in apparatus for delivering
the warps at any required pressure or tension, thereby dispensing with the setting
up and facilitating the pulling back, preventing the warps stretching or twisting,
producing an even fabric, for which Provisional Protection was granted to me, dated
the Twenty-eighth day of February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven,
No. 817.
In carrying out the Invention as described in the said Provisional Specification
I have found that great benefit is derived by fitting on the pulling back apparatus
a self-acting apparatus for regulating the pressure or tension on the warps as the
weaving operations proceed. For this purpose I fit on the warp beam ends iron bushes,
and on each bush next to the warp beam flange I cast or fit a projecting tooth; one
of these teeth either right or left in revolving comes in contact with a finger fitted
on the lower arm of a lever; this finger is made with a jaw, and fitted on
a joint formed on the lower arm of the lever, and secured by a stud. The finger
works loosely on the joint, but is prevented moving outwards by a projection
formed on the end of the lower arm; the finger can work freely inward, and allows
the projecting tooth to pass freely when pulling back. The top arm of the lever
is fitted with a pawl which actuates a ratchet wheel; the fulcrum of the lever
works on a stud fitted in a side bracket cast on the top shoe or break, and near the
centre of the lever is cast or formed a lever and balance weight of sufficient weight
to overbalance the lever and pawl, and bring back the pawl after having moved
the ratchet wheel; a stop is also fitted or cast on the side of the weight lever to
keep the pawl and pawl lever in position and prevent it falling back.
The ratchet wheel is fitted on a stud working in bearings formed on the side
brackets cast on the top of the top shoe and on the stud, and between the side
brackets is fitted a worm which turns when the pawl pushes back the ratchet wheel,
and actuates a worm wheel fitted over and on a square nut which screws on the
top of a rod fitted to an excentric circle which fits inside a box, inside of which is
placed an india-rubber or steel spring. The pawl can be set to actuate one tooth
only of the ratchet wheel, or two, three, or four at the stroke. In this case a guide
block is fitted in a guide formed on one of the side brackets of the top shoe, and
this block can be secured to any desirable incline to give more or less stroke to the
pawl. Over the guide block travels a stud fitted on the end of the pawl, guiding
the stroke of the pawl.
On the back end of the top shoe is cast a lug formed with a slot; on this lug is
placed the box with the spring, and through the box and spring is passed a rod
having a screwed top end, over which is screwed the nut and box cover, having the
worm wheel. The bottom end of the rod is secured in a boss formed on an
excentric ring, which works over an excentric fitted on a stud, which is passed
through lugs cast on the bottom shoe. The excentric is made with a lever having
a stop pin. The bottom shoe is fitted on a sole plate or bracket which is fixed to
the loom frame.
The required pressure on the warp beam is given by screwing up the nut of
the box spring cover to a sufficient pressure, and by pulling down the excentric
lever which turns the excentric, bringing down the excentric rod, forcing the spring
in the box, pressing the shoes or breaks on the warp beam iron bush, giving the
required pressure or tension to the warps.
As the weaving operations proceed, the tooth on the bush at each turn of the warp
beam comes in contact with the finger on the lever fitted to the top shoe, actuating

page_text: the pawl and giving a stroke of one or more teeth to the ratchet wheel which
actuates the worm and worm wheel, unscrewing slowly the nut on the excentric rod
top, and slowly releasing the spring, gradually reducing and regulating the pressure
or tension on the warps as the weaving operations proceed.
When the pressure placed on the warp beam is required to be removed for pulling
back the warps, the lever on the excentric is lifted, turning the excentric and
releasing the spring in the box, lifting up the excrentic rod, and removing the
pressure off the shoes or breaks; and by turning the warp beam by the beam flanges
the warps are pulled back. When the pulling back is finished, the lever is lowered,
the excentric turned down, pulling down the excentric rod, and giving the pressure
on the spring or warps. The shoes are lined with wood or leather.
An apparatus is fitted on each end of the warp beam, but only one apparatus
having the self-acting pressure regulator is employed, but both apparatuses may
have the regulator for heavy beams if required.
But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood I will proceed
to more particularly describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing,
in which,-
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of warp beam apparatus.
Figure 2, side elevation of apparatus with self-acting regulator.
Figure 3, side elevation of apparatus without regulator; and Figure 4, plan.
Similar letters of reference are used in all the Figures to represent similar parts.
A, warp beam, having iron bushes B made with projecting teeth C on either end
of the warp beam to allow the fitting of the self-acting regulator on the right or
left-hand side. The tooth C, revolving, comes in contact with a finger D fitted on
the arm E of the lever F; the finger D works loosely on the stud G, and is pre-
vented moving outwards by the projection H formed on the arm E. The finger can
work freely inwards, and allow the tooth C to pass freely when pulling back.
The lever F is fitted with a pawl I, which actuates a ratchet wheel J fitted on a
small shaft K working in bearings L formed on side plates M cast on the top of the
top shoe N.
On the shaft K, and between the side plates M, is fitted a worm O,
which turns when the pawl I pushes back the ratchet wheel J, and actuates a
worm wheel P formed on the cover Q of the spring box R. The top plate of the
cover is cut or cast with a square opening which fits over a nut S, which screws on
the screwed top of the rod T; the worm wheel P and cover fit on the top of the
spring box R, and in this box is placed an india-rubber or steel spring U, and over
the spring is fitted a washer V on which rests the nut S. Through the box spring
and washer passes the rod T, over which is screwed the nut S; the other end of
the rod is secured in a socket W formed on an excentric ring X, in which fits an
excentric Y having on the side a lever Z made with a stop. The required pressure
on the warp beam A is given by screwing up the nut S to a sufficient pressure and
by pulling down the excentric lever Z, which turns down the excentric Y and rod T,
forcing the spring U down and pressing the shoes N on the warp beam iron bushes
B, giving the required pressure or tension to the warps. The shoes N are lined with
leather, cloth, or wood.
The pawl I can be set to actuate one tooth only of the ratchet wheel J, or two,
three, or more teeth at the stroke, which is regulated by setting a guide A' to the
required angle or incline to give more or less stroke. Over the guide A¹ travels the
pin B' fitted on the end of the pawl I.
The apparatus fitted on the other end of the warp beam is made similar to the
apparatus with the self-acting regulator, but without any regulating gear, and the
top shoe N is made without the side brackets M.
As the weaving operations proceed the tooth C at each turn of the warp beam A
comes in contact with the finger D, actuating the pawl I, giving a stroke of one
tooth, or two or more teeth, to the ratchet wheel J, which actuates the worin O and
worm wheel P, slowly unscrewing the nut S, releasing the spring U, and gradually
reducing the pressure or tension on the warps.
When the pressure placed on the warp beam is required to be removed for pulling

page_text: back the warps the levers Z are lifted, turning the excentrics Y, releasing the
springs U, lifting up the rods T, and removing the pressure off the shoes N; and by
turning the warp beam A by the beam flanges C₁ the warps are pulled back.
When the pulling back is finished the levers Z are lowered, the excentrics Y
turned down, pulling down the rods T, giving the pressure on the springs U and
warps.
Having thus described my improvements and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shewn and described, as they may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention; but what I claim
is, the general arrangement, construction, and employment of apparatus for delivering
the warps at any required pressure or tension, substantially as herein-before
described, and represented by the Drawing annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hanson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
WILLIAM HANSON. (L.s.)