matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS FROM BIRDS, AND ALSO FOR GIVING SIGNALS OR ALARMS GENERALLY
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Martyn Fisher, of Fore Street, Taunton, in
the County of Somerset, Manufacturing and Furnishing Ironmonger,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING
GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS FROM BIRDS, AND ALSO FOR GIVING SIGNALS OR
ALARMS GENERALLY."
Sealed the 8th August 1871, and dated the 6th June 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Martyn Fisher
'
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th June 1871.
I, JOHN MARTYN FISHER, of Fore Street, Taunton, in the County of
Somerset, Manufacturing and Furnishing Ironmonger, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PROTECTING GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS FROM BIRDS, AND ALSO FOR GIVING SIGNALS
OR ALARMS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
=
This Invention relates to apparatus composed of a train of wheel-
work, and a descending weight or its equivalent in connection with a

page_text: many chambered barrel provided with nipples, upon which a hammer
is caused to fall at fixed intervals of time for discharging the barrels,
and thus frighten or scare the birds and animals from the field of grain,
or from orchards, gardens, or other places; the same apparatus is appli-
cable for signalling or giving alarms for various purposes. I propose
to place a whelp wheel on one of the spindles of the train of wheels,
so that a chain which carries the weight can be held from slipping.
The wheel upon this spindle is preferably provided with one or more
pins or studs, and these as they come round lift a pin or lever of the
hammer shaft a sufficient height for giving the desired blow. The 1
descent of the weight is regulated by a flyer, the blades of which can
be moved nearer to or farther from the centre, and also to different
angles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING SHIPS & VESSELS OF BILGE WATER & FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bridson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1871.
I, HENRY BRIDSON, of Dartmouth, in the County of Devon,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING SHIPS & VESSELS OF BILGE WATER
& FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
:―
My Invention consists of apparatus whereby the oscillating motion
of a vessel at sea may be utilized in the production of motive power
available for the freeing of such vessel from bilge water, either in lieu
of or in addition to the ordinary ships' pumps, or for other purposes.
The apparatus consists of a pipe or pipes running fore and aft in the
bottom of a ship, and connected in the centre or where convenient with
a cistern or well, which collects the water in the bilge of the ship arising
from leakage or other cause. The pipes at each end are turned up
and continued to the level of the deck of the ship or to any convenient
height, and furnished with ball clacks or pump valves allowing the
passage of the water one way only.

page_text: The action is as follows: -When the vessel pitches with the motion
of the waves the water collected in the bilge well rushes along one of
the pipes till it surges violently past the ball valve (in the upright pipe)
which prevents its return, the remainder rushing back again with the
contrary motion of the ship till another plunge again causes the
advancing surge of the bilge water, and this action goes on alternately
until the water is gradually lifted above the level of the ship's side and
flows overboard.
I also propose to utilize this apparatus for compressing air in suitable
receivers of the ordinary construction, the air so compressed to be drawn
off and used as a supply for moving the piston, which works in a
cylinder, and the compressed air is admitted and shut off to move
the piston to and fro in the same manner as the steam acts in a steam
engine. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sage at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1871.
I, JOHN SAGE, of Bulkington, in the County of Warwick, Weaver, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHUTTLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of shuttles used in
the weaving of ribbons, silks, and other light textile fabrics, so that the
necessary strain upon the weft in its unwinding from the spool or
"quill" shall be perfectly equable, the frequent breaking of the weft
be prevented, and the tightening of the edges of the fabric obviated, thus
producing a ribbon much better in appearance than that made by the
ordinary shuttle, and rendering the use of "blocking paper" almost
unnecessary.
The nature of the said Invention is best understood by reference to
the Drawings annexed, Fig. 1 being the view of one side of a shuttle,
Fig. 2, reverse of do., the same letters referring to like parts in both
Figures.

page_text: A, A, are brushes or tufts of hair, bristles, bass, fibre, grass, whale-
bone, or other like recoiling substances to be fixed in the bow of the
shuttle C, as shown in the Drawings, or in the bed of the shuttle B,
which pressing laterally (as shewn) or on the ends of the flanged or
filletted spool or "quill" prevent its oscillation or "play" and secures
freedom from jerks or snatches in the unwinding of the weft from the
spool. Brushes of metallic wire or flat metallic springs set in the bow
C or in the bed B of the shuttle in same positions are comprehended
in this Invention. S, S, is a spool or quill designed to act in con-
nection with brushes A, A, having a collar, fillet, or flange at a short
distance from each end so as to secure the right action of the brushes
and to contain twice the quantity of weft filled on the ordinary quill,
thus lessening the time usually spent in filling and in changing quills.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL MANURES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Smith Amies, of Guernsey, one of the
Channel Islands, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL
MANURES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION; filed by the said William Smith Amies at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 16th December 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SMITH AMIES, of Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands, send greeting.
(-1
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ARTIFICIAL MANURES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, 'administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true
and first Inventor thereof..

page_text: No 2: 2 parts of carbon and 1 of sulphate of iron.
No 3.3 parts of carbon and 1 of sulphate of iron
No 4. 4 parts of carbon and 1 of sulphate of iron:
No 5. 5 parts of carbon and 1 of sulphate of iron.
←
The ingredients which compose my manure are pulverized as small
as possible by any suitable and well known method. and apparatus;
they are then mixed and blended intimately together, this being a
material part of my Invention, the manure being the more efficient
the more intimately this mixing is done:Orüthe sulphate of iron may
be used in a liquid dissolved state and after the pulverized carbon has
been mixed in with it the mixture may be dried and pulverized again,
or the manure may be applied in the liquid state. The manure so
produced may be in some cases mixed with a proportion of sand, earth,
or ashes, or other substances if it be desired as I ¤ANSOWF
pola
本
3.1.
PT I
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1 1
ovsanton
_ 1781
And having thus. fully described and ascertained the nature of
Invention, I would observe that I do not limit myself to the pro-
3. Tot
portions above given; but what I claim as, my Invention or discovery
is, the manufacture of manure or manures consisting of carbon

page_text: and sulphate of iron, substantially as herein-before. (described and set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Smith Amies, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Tilf
Witness,
PETER JENSEN,
Patent Agent,
89, Chancery Lane, W.C.
W. STH AMIES. (L.S.)
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING OR PRODUCING MECHANICAL MOTION, APPLICABLE TO REAPING MACHINES, LOOMS FOR WEAVING, BIDDLING, WINNOWING, AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE RECIPROCAL MOTION IS REQUIRED, to be as follows
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Robert Jones and
Andrew Bell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd June 1871...
We, FREDERICK ROBERT JONES, the younger, of Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Solicitor, and ANDREW BELL, of the same Place,
Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of “A
NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING OR PRODUCING MECHANICAL MOTION,
APPLICABLE TO REAPING MACHINES, LOOMS FOR WEAVING, BIDDLING, WINNOWING,
AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE RECIPROCAL MOTION IS REQUIRED,
to be as
follows:-
"
This Invention is more especially adapted and intended for working
or producing the reciprocatory motion required of the knife bar in
reaping or mowing machines, but is applicable for giving reciprocal
motion to parts of other machines or apparatus, such as working the
riddles of winnowing machines, or the riddling or sifting of ground corn
or other materials or substances, also for picking the shuttles or working
the lay or batten and the healds in looms for weaving when such parts
admit of or are required to be worked in a regular manner.

page_text: The improved means consist of a rotary wheel with a convoluted
or corrugated surface, so arranged and applied as to act upon a lever
and produce oscillatory motion thereof, the said wheel being aided by a
spring or by another similar and equal wheel so arranged as to actuate
the lever alternately. The said lever may then be connected at or near t
right angles to the knife bar of a reaping machine or other bar or rod
which is required to have reciprocatory motion given to it.
In applying this Invention to a reaping or mowing machine we prefer
to have two of such wheels mounted loosely on the ordinary axle or axis
of the machine in proximity to and capable of being connected by spring 1
clutches or catch boxes to the ordinary carriage wheels in such manner
that as the carriage moves forward the clutches will be in gear and give
motion to the corrugated wheels, but in the backward movement the
clutches will slip out of gear or will become disconnected and not give
motion to the said corrugated wheels. AT lever is mounted on a stud
fixed in the framework of the carriage intermediately between these
wheels, one end or arm of said lever entering the corrugations of one
wheel and the other end or arm those of the other wheel, and the wheels
being so arranged as to act alternately upon the lever, The other arm,
which is at right angles to the former, is connected by link or rod to the
knife bar of the machine. Provision is also made by lever and links
or other means to enable the attendant to disconnect these wheels with
the carriage wheels when required.
Im- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HARMONIUMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Higham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
January 1871.
I, THOMAS HIGHAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Music
Seller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HARMONIUMS," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in the adaptation of certain apparatus to
harmoniums whereby I am enabled to obtain all gradations of tone from
"piano" to "forte."
66
For this purpose I place a box above the valves which are actuated
by the keys, and into this box therefore the sound passes when a valve'
is opened. On the upper side of the aforesaid box I form a series of
apertures, and above these is a sliding board with a corresponding number
of apertures and capable of being shifted in position by a pedal so as to
bring certain series of its apertures coincident with those formed in the
top of the box, or to close both of the sets, and thus the main effect of
piano" and "forte" is obtained. To increase this effect, however, I
66

page_text: place a slide or slides in connexion with the box and connect it or them
to the bellows, which causes the said slides to move more or less across
the openings, and as a means of obtaining extreme "piano" I propose to
place a slide or slides on the top of those above-mentioned and to work it
by stops, and by these means fine gradations of tone are obtained:
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Bennett, of New Street Works, St.
Clements, Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES."
Sealed the 7th October 1871, and dated the 12th June 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Bennett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th June 1871.
I, FREDERICK BENNETT, of New Street Works, St. Clements, Ipswich,
in the County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in roofing tiles.
My improved tiles are of such a form that they can be produced by
pressing clay through a die or mouth piece, the section of the tile being
everywhere alike, except that pieces are notched out at the upper and

page_text: lower ends of each tile after it comes from the die. The tiles, which are
all of the same form, are flat in the middle, and along one side the edge
is bent or inclined upwards. Along the other side the edge of the
tile is considerably thickened so as to form a bold ridge, and this ridge is
grooved so that the bent or inclined edge of the next tile may house or
fit under it.
In laying a roof the tiles in each horizontal row are thus arranged
side by side, the ridge of one tile overlapping the inclined edge of the
next. Also in the several rows rising one above the other, the lower
ends of the tiles in each upper row overlap the upper ends of the tiles in
the row below, and the flat parts of the tiles rest the one on the other.
At the upper end of each tile the ridge is cut away so that it stops short
of the end of the tile by a distance equal to about one half of the overlap,
and by so cutting away the ridges two shoulders are formed for tiles in
the row above to rest against; the bent or inclined edge of each tile is
notched out at the lower end and rests against a flat shoulder (one of
those already mentioned) on the ridge of the tile immediately below.
The ridge of each tile at its lower end is undercut, so that without
cutting away the upper surface of the tile an inclined shoulder is formed,
and this rests against the corresponding shoulder on the upper end of
the ridge of the tile below. The butting joints between the tiles are
overlapped and covered; they fall beneath the portion of the part of
the ridge of the covering tile which is left entire when forming the
undercut shoulder.
AN IMPROVED DUSTING MACHINE FOR CLEANING COTTON, WOOL, BAGS, PAPER, AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Reginald Parks Smith and
Charles Wedderburn Granville at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th February 1871.
We, ALBERT Reginald ParKS SMITH, of Arundel Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and CHARLES WEDDERBURN
GRANVILLE, of Mansfield Chambers, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DUSTING MACHINE FOR CLEANING COTTON,
WOOL, BAGS, PAPER, AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
:-
The objects of our said Invention are the removal of seeds, leaves,
dust, and other dirt from cotton, and the cleansing of wool, rags,
paper, or other similar materials in a more effectual and economical
manner and with less injury to the fibres or other materials than has
heretofore been practicable.
To accomplish these objects we construct a machine in the following
manner: We make a conical or taper drum or case of strong netted
or woven wire or wire gauze in three compartments of different sizes.
The first compartment, or that at the small end of the drum, is made

page_text: with large meshes, the second or intermediate compartment with smaller
meshes, and the third or largest compartment with very small or fine
meshes. The said drum is mounted upon a central shaft or axis in such
a manner that the drum and shaft may rotate independantly of each
other. The said shaft extends through all the compartments of the
drum and carries a number of stirring rods projecting radially from it
to near the periphery of the drum. These rods have a fork at one end
and a small roller at the other, and as the shaft rotates these forks and
rollers alternately open and close the fibres or materials being cleaned,
and thus effect the removal of the seeds, dust, or other foreign matter
therefrom without tearing or otherwise injuring the same. The shaft is
supported in suitable brackets or standards and has a pulley whereby it
receives motion through a belt or band from any conveniently arranged
driving shaft. The drum also has a driving pulley and may be either driven
in the opposite direction to the shaft, or allowed to remain stationary
while the shaft rotates. The small compartment of the drum has an
aperture for the introduction of the cotton or other material. In filling
the drum a mouthpiece or hopper is placed over the said aperture, but
when the machine is at work this mouthpiece is removed and the
apertures secured by a suitable cover made of netted or woven wire.
The compartments of the drum are separated from each other by partition
pieces of woven wire or wire gauze, which are made to open and close
so as to retain the fibres or other materials in either of the compartments
as long as may be desirable, and then allow them to pass therefrom into
the next compartment or away from the drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS OF THE DRIVING PARTS OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN FELTING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1871.
I, JOSEPH JONES, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
ARRANGEMENTS OF THE DRIVING PARTS OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
FELTING," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to that class of felting or fulling machines
(used for felting or fulling hat bodies and other similar felted fabrics)
called "bumpers," and consist of certain improved arrangements of the
driving parts of such machines, whereby the machines are driven with
a smaller expenditure of power than heretofore.
The Invention consists principally in forming the wheel which carries
spur
the lifters for raising the hammers or bumpers with a rim of teeth
or cogs, and in driving the said wheel by means of a pinion receiving its
motion either directly or by means of one or more toothed pinions from
the main driving shaft, in contradistinction to the method heretofore

page_text: practised of fixing the lifting wheel on its shaft or axle, and applying
the driving power to such shaft or axle.
The lifters which act upon the hammer shafts I provide with
antifriction bowls or rollers, and I attach a fly wheel to the fast driving
pulley of the machine, which assists greatly in the raising of the 5
hammers or bumpers, and causes the machine to run much more
steadily and with less power than with the ordinary system of driving
gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Watteen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
October 1871.-A communication from abroad by Arran de. Terré
and E. do Mercader, both of Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, EMILE WATTEEU, of the Royal Exchange, Middlesbro'-on-Tees,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS, to be as
follows:-
"
This Invention consists in the production of improved explosive
compounds which while possessing much greater explosive power than
either gunpowder or blasting powder, are perfectly harmless in their
manufacture, transport and use, unless closely compressed in an inclosed
space under exclusion of atmospheric air, and even then they require the
use of a tarred slow match to effect their explosion. When ignited in
the open air these compounds simply burn away in a similar manner to
paper or linen.

page_text: These compounds are composed of all or some of the following
ingredients:-Sawdust or other granular or pulverous carbonaceous
substance, nitrate of potash, nitrate of soda, sublimed or powdered
sulphur, coal powder, and lignite powder in the following proportions :—
For blasting marble or granite quarries and other hard substances,
I mix together 12-5 parts by weight of sawdust, 67-5 parts by weight
of nitrate of potash, and 20 parts by weight of powdered sulphur.
For blasting limestone and chalk quarries, and coal or other substances
of a comparatively soft nature, I mix together 11 parts by weight of
sawdust, 51-50 parts of nitrate of potash, 16 parts of nitrate of soda 1.5
parts of coal or lignite powder, and 20 parts of sublimed sulphur.
The above ingredients are incorporated in a dry state in any suitable
known manner.
known manner.
I do not limit myself to the exact proportions above given, as these
may be varied according to the nature of the substance to be acted upon 15
thereby.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING METAL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johnson Harle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1871.
I, JOHNSON HARLE, of No. 22, Dundas Street, Sunderland, in the
County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING METAL," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates especially to tools for producing a cylindrical
form in cases where a lathe cannot be employed, as for example, in
shaping rudder pintles, an operation which is now performed by hand
labour, the space to work in being so small that no apparatus at present
in use can be applied.
·
I employ a hollow rose cutter or ring with teeth formed within it.
The ring is bell-mouthed and rests on the top of the work, that is to say,
on the roughly shaped cylinder which is to be reduced to a truc form.
The cutter is pressed against the part to be cut by a screw and is rotated
by a lever handle. The lever handle terminates in a fork like frame,
which has a ratchet wheel or ring of ratchet teeth fitted into it, so as to
be able to turn and a spring pawl fixed to the lever takes into the
ratchet teeth. The cutter is fixed concentrically within the ring of

page_text: ratchet teeth, which also carries a bridge piece, and the screw for
pressing the cutter forward works in a hole tapped for it in the bridge.
The screw bears against an abutment provided for it, and which in the
case of rudder pintles is generally forged on the rudder frame and is
turned from time to time as the cutter removes the metal against which
it bears. The to-and-fro motion which the workman communicates to
the lever handle rotates the ratchet ring and cutter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO HOT WATER APPARATUS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO WATER PIPES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Paterson Waterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1871.
I, JOHN PATERSON WATERSON, of Forest Hill, in the County of
Kent, Builder, do hereby declare the nature, of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO HOT WATER APPARATUS, ALSO APPLICABLE
TO WATER PIPES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to protect the boilers and pipes for
heating and conveying water for heating the house, for the supply of
baths or other domestic purposes from bursting under the effects of
frost, and for preventing the congelation of water in the service pipes
of houses. And my Invention consists in the arrangement and appli-
cation of an apparatus to the boilers for heating the water or to the
pipes employed for the circulation of hot water for heating, for baths, or
for other domestic purposes, and to cisterns for the supply of cold water,
to prevent the water therein from being frozen. By this contrivance a
continuous supply of hot or cold water is secured in winter.

page_text: To carry out my Invention I employ a vertical iron vessel, from the
upper part of which a pipe passes to connect it with the up pipe of the
hot water apparatus or cold water cistern, the lower part of the said
vessel being connected to the same pipe of the hot water apparatus or
cistern in a similar manner. In the centre of the vessel is placed a
pipe open at its ends, and at the bottom of this pipe is placed a gas
burner or a small lamp. To keep up the circulation of the water in
the hot water pipes after the fire for heating the boiler is out and for
preventing the congelation of water in the service pipes, it is merely
necessary to light the gas or the small lamp at the bottom of the pipe
herein-before described.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING METAL BARS OF VARIOUS SECTIONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shanks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
January 1871.
I, WILLIAM SHANKS, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING METAL BARS OF VARIOUS SECTIONS," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the cutting of metal bars in a
convenient and satisfactory manner.
And the improved machine, whilst applicable for cutting bars of
various simple sections, will also with facility cut bars of T and other
complex sections which ordinary machines are quite incapable of
cutting.
The improved machine comprises a massive cast-iron standard formed
with a slightly projecting head of a circular shape. Openings are
formed through the back of the standard and face of the projecting head
for inserting the bar to be cut or divided, and stationary cutters are
fixed to the face. The moving cutters are carried by the central parts

page_text: of a wheel fitted to revolve upon the projecting head, and having spur
teeth to be actuated by a pinion on a revolving shaft; or in the case
of small machines the wheel carrying the moving cutters may be
turned by a simple lever, or by means of a screw acting on worm teeth
formed on it. The cutters are shaped and fixed to the wheel and to the
fixed face so as to correspond to the contour or section of the bar to be
cut, and they act together like shears on the several webs of the bar
when the wheel is turned upon the fixed head. The wheel may be
turned sufficiently round to effect the cut and then turned back again;
but it is preferred to arrange it to make a complete turn for each cut,
and to fit the pinion shaft (or other convenient shaft of the driving gear)
with a disengaging clutch, which is acted on by a cam or incline piece
on the wheel, so as to throw the machine out of gear as the wheel comes
round to the position for entering a fresh bar.
With this arrangement the machine requires no action from the work-
man excepting that of starting it when each bar is adjusted ready to
be cut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE AND SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1871.-A cómmunication from abroad by Just Se-
bastien Larue, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
"
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE AND SMALL-ARMS,
a communication to me from abroad by Just Sebastien Larue, of
Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of closing the breech of
breech-loading fire-arms of all kinds, whether ordnance or small arms,
and consists in the employment of a breech closer which combines the
properties of a cock and valve, that is to say, it is rotated in its seat
for the purpose of opening and closing the breech, and in addition to
such movement it receives, when closing the breech, a longitudinal thrust
in the direction of the axial line of the barrel in order to force it more
forcibly against its seat and thereby prevent any escape of gas.

page_text: This breech closer or stopper may be of any form capable of being
rotated in its seat, but it is preferred to make it spherical. It is rotated
one-quarter of a revolution, so as to bring the opening through it either
in a line with or vertical to the breech by means of a bent lever which
is controlled in its movement by a stop attached to the side of the gun. 5
Behind the said stopper there is a concave cap or socket of india-rubber
or other suitable material which fits against the same, and is contained
in a correspondingly shaped chamber in a breech-piece screwed into the
rear end of the gun.
Inside this breech picco there is a screwed plug, the inner end of 1
which bears or presses against the cap or socket, and when rotated a
lever handle for that purpose forces the socket well home against the
plug or stopper, and thus effectually tightens the joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1871.
I, FREDERICK BENNETT, of New Street Works, St. Clement's,
Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in roofing tiles. For
this purpose I form tiles somewhat resembling ordinary pantiles, but
flatter or less dished in the centre, and lapping to a less extent at the
sides or ridges. The under tiles, which are of a shallow trough-like
form on their faces, are first laid on the splines or supports in lines or
rows, with the lower end of the one tile overlapping the upper end of
the next from top to bottom of the roof, and with suitable intervals
between them to receive the upper tiles. They have projections at their
upper ends to engage with the splines, as is the case with ordinary pan-
tiles, but the projection is bevilled, and so catches on to the edge of the
spline, which is also bevilled to receive it. The under tiles also, in order
that they may not rock, are provided with feet on either side, which

page_text: rest flat on the spline. The bottom corners of these tiles are notched
away in order that they may break joint with the upper tiles, which
are similarly notched at their top corners. The upper tiles are each
formed with a projection at the upper end catching on to the spline,
and also an additional projection at a short distance from its lower end,
and by means of these projections the upper tiles lock together, the
lower projection of one tile entering a recess formed for it in the upper
projection of the tile immediately below. The sides of the upper tiles
lap over and cover the raised sides of the under tiles. The tiles when
laid together in their proper positions upon a roof all-firmly lock
together, and having no projections on their upper surfaces they present
a neat appearance, and the roof can be walked upon if necessary for
repair without displacing the tiles.
AN IMPROVED HOUSEHOLD IMPLEMENT SERVING AS A HAMMER, SCREWDRIVER, CARPET STRETCHER, PINCERS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
tho Invention of "AN IMPROVED HOUSEHOLD IMPLEMENT SERVING AS A
HAMMER, SCREWDRIVER, CARPET STRETCHER, PINCERS, AND
SIMILAR PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by Thomas
Garrick, of Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
FOR OTHER.
Scaled the 1st December 1871, and, dated, the 11th October 1871.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 11th October 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.

page_text: implement as a whole shall contain the several tools enumerated
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in
the year of our Lord Ọno thousand eight hundred and seventy-
опе.
W.ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)
Witness,
E. C. JACKSON.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Howarth and Robert
Clayton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th March 1871.
WC, WILLIAM HOWARTH, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Dentist, and ROBERT CLAYTON, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE
TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to the pickers, or to means of retarding or
checking the force of the blow of the pickers on the spindle guard and
box end, and our object is to dispense with "check straps" for that
purpose.
The improvements consist in the application and use of a metallic
"buffer" or spring, by preference of the spiral or helical volute or
involute and conical kind of construction, or which in its expanded
state is of a conical form made of flattened steel (but may be of other
sectional form) applied on the picker spindle or attached to the box end

page_text: in such manner that the blow or force of the picker after striking the
shuttle will compress the said spring, which by its clastic resistance or
reaction will retard or check the force of the blow of the said picker
against the guard or box end. By the use of which check straps
ordinarily used for this purpose are dispensed with.
Year: 1871

page_text: The bottom of the pan to receive the solid excreta only is worked
on a central pivot and is completely reversible, so as to cast the
excreta by itself into a soil bin beneath, by means of a shaft.
The revolving action of the pan bottom to be effected by a handle
projecting above or by the side of the seat..
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF FEMALE ATTIRE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh and William
Boggett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st November 1871.
We, JOHN MACINTOSH, of North Bank, Regent's Park, and WILLIAM
BOGGETT, of Chelsea, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES
OF FEMALE ATTIRE," to be as follows:
―
In the Specification of a Patent granted to one of us, viz., the said
John Macintosh, dated 30 January 1871, No. 242, certain methods
are described of forming collars for the preservation of life from
drowning composed of very thin india-rubber tubes inflated with air,
and enclosed within a cover of knitted, woven, or other fabric to limit the
extent to which the india-rubber tube is inflated. Now our present
Invention consists in the application of like or other waterproof
materials to the following purposes :—
Firstly. By inflating covered thin rubber into suitable shapes for
distending the binder portion of female's dresses outwards as a

page_text: substitute for the articles commonly used for that purpose called bustles
or dress improvers, or for padding or distending other parts of the
person or female attire.
Secondly. In fabricating ladies' chignons of similar materials,
especially by the use of inflated and covered thin rubber tubes, which
can be readily arranged into suitable forms by plaiting or otherwise,
and if requisite be covered with human hair or imitations thereof
attached to the rubber by gum or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED OILING CAN OR LUBRICATING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Louis Chevolot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1871.
I, JOSEPH LOUIS CHEVOLOT, of Paris, Department of the Seine, in
the French Republic, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED OILING CAN OR LUBRICATING APPARATUS," to
be as follows:-
The various oil cans hitherto used for oiling or lubricating machinery
have failed to give perfectly satisfactory results, as much from their
defective system as by reason of their faulty construction.
A good oiling can should be injecting, to be economical it should
only give the desired quantity of oil, it should be solidly made, have a
broad base, and be easily handled, all of which conditions I believe to
be fulfilled by my improved oiling can or lubricating apparatus, which
I will now proceed to describe, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawing forming part of this my Provisional Specification.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an improved oiling can or
lubricating apparatus embodying my Invention. It is composed of a
tin vessel, the capacity A of which contains the oil. A tube or spout B
is soldered near the base and a handle C on the opposite side. A semi-
spherical vulcanised india-rubber cap D is set between the circular sides
of the receiver A and the tin plate E soldered to these same sidos and
separating the oil from the india-rubber cap. A small bent tube F
soldered to the plate E passes through the base of the india-rubber cap
and penetrates into the interior of the can. This tube F is intended to
keep the oil from immediately entering the cap if the can should be
upset G is the opening by which the oil enters the receiver A in filling
the can; Figure 2 is an elevation showing the small stopper II for
admission of oil into can, and closed hermetically by screwing on to the
leather washer I; Figure 3 is a plan of Fig. 2, and Figure 4 represents
an oiling can on the same principle but of a slightly different shape,
which I adopt for cans of small size.
The can is held by the handle C, and by pressing with the thumb
upon the india-rubber cap D the air in this cap passes by the conduit F,
and presses on the surface of the oil in the receiver A, this oil being
unable to pass out excepting through the spout B immediately issues at
its end even if coagulated. The greater the pressure of the thumb, the
more forcibly the oil is ejected, and thus it is casy to obtain a jet of a
couple of feet or of a single drop. When the desired quantity of oil
is ejected the thumb is removed from the india-rubber cap, which in
resuming its normal shape forms a vacuum in the body of the can,
and immediately draws back into the receiver the oil held in the
spout B.
I do not propose to confine myself to the use of tin or of india-rubber,
but to employ any material which I may find suitable for the various
parts of my improved oiling can or lubricating apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS in Beaming OR WARPING MACHINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS RELATE TO A NOVEL METHOD OF UTILIZING FRICTION FOR REVERSING OR AIDING TO REVERSE THE BEAM IN THESE MACHINES, AND A NOVEL MODE OF Regulating' THE PRESSURE UPON THE SAID FRICTIONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Parkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1871.
I, CHARLES PARKINSON, Manager for Messrs. Howard and Bullough,
of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS in Beaming
OR WARPING MACHINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS RELATE TO A NOVEL METHOD OF
UTILIZING FRICTION FOR REVERSING OR AIDING TO REVERSE THE BEAM IN THESE
MACHINES, AND A NOVEL MODE OF Regulating' THE PRESSURE UPON THE SAID
FRICTIONS," to be as follows:-
By reference to the accompanying Drawings (Figure 1 of which is
an end view, and Figure 2 a plan of parts of a warping or beaming
machine) aided by the following description my Invention will be
clearly understood.
For the purpose of utilizing friction for reversing or aiding to reverse
the beam in warping or beaming machines I employ two straps a, a³,
one crossed and the other open, leading and giving motion to separate
pulleys b, b', in opposite directions; these two pulleys I make halves of
two separate friction boxes, the other halves c, c', between the two boxes

page_text: I make capable of attaching either to the one or to the other by a fork d
and ring groove o³. The treadle e is provided with a handle f, so that it
may be operated either by hand or foot. The treadle is carried by
levers g mounted on a shaft h provided with a counterbalance
weight or weights i, the lever g acts upon one end of an L lever j, the
other end of which acts upon the lever & to which the fork d is
connected. By these means I am enabled to put either the forward or
backward friction into operation, and also to put any desired amount of
pressure upon the frictions b, b¹, so that I can drive the machine at full
speed when full pressure is applied, or by decreasing the pressure I can 1
employ the frictions simply to aid the operative in turning the beam in
the desired direction to find broken ends.
I would here remark that I do not confine myself to the precise details
herein shewn and described, as it will be evident that they can be con-
siderably varied without departing from the nature of my Invention.
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET AND OTHER LAMPS AND LANTERNS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1871.—A communication from abroad by Joseph Norman
Aronson, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET AND
OTHER LAMPS AND LANTERNS," to be as follows:―
This Invention consists, firstly, in constructing the sides of street and
other lamps and lanterns with a series of panes or panels of glass having
their surfaces so formed in moulds, in which they are cast or pressed,
as to present a series of bosses having the character of lenses by which
the light is refracted in the direction required.
It consists, secondly, in securing together the glass panes or panels of
which the sides of the lamp or lantern are composed by means of
external flanges or tongues provided along the top and bottom edges
of such panes or panels, and grooved bands into which the said flanges

page_text: are so received as to be bound together laterally and prevented from
vertical displacement without the aid of upright frames for the reception
of the side edges of the said panels, or of rods or any other devices which
obstruct the light in a horizontal direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wallace at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1871.
I, JOHN WALLACE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to carry the cutting details of reaping
and mowing machines in a better manner than heretofore, and so that
when the machine is going over furrows or hollows the knives will not
be injured by coming in contact with the soil.
The Invention consists in the first place in fitting at the inner end
of the finger bar a comparatively large hollow trunnion or bearing, and
on mounting thereon a wheel with a corresponding eye. The end of
the knife bar or the connecting rod moving it works through the hollow
trunnion, and in this way the bottom of the wheel where it bears on the
ground is directly below the knife bar, and the latter is thus always
at the same distance above the surface; whereas the wheel ordinarily
placed in front may sink into a hollow in advance of the knife bar, and

page_text: so make the bar catch the ground. In a similar way the carrying
wheel at the opposite end of the finger bar is by this Invention placed
in line with the bar instead of being behind as heretofore, and the
outermost of the knives is made with its outer edge at right angles to
the bar instead of being inclined so that the wheel can be placed closer
in, whilst the part of the shoe acting like a finger with the outer edge
of the knife is inclined to compensate for the altered shape of the
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SCALE BOARDS AND VENEERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Stephens Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1871.
I, DAVID STEPHENS BROWN, of Braywick House, Green Lanes, London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SCALE BOARDS AND VENEERS," to be as follows:-
Glucing or otherwise cementing them together with the grain of the
wood in different directions, or in other words when the grain of one
board runs at right angles to that of another, when both are in a hori-
zontal position, and uniting to them thin sheets of metal. By these
means great strength is combined with flexibility, and they are rendered
available for soles of shoes, mats, and other purposes.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugenio Crespi at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1871.
I, EUGENIO CRESPI, of Highbury Barn, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
'IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VENETIAN BLINDS," to be
as follows:-
"
This Invention consists in the construction of a simple and economical
apparatus, whereby Venetian blinds can be retained at will at any
desired height by means of a cord or cords, and without the necessity
for the hooks usually employed for holding or retaining the cords by
which such blinds are raised or lowered as ordinarily constructed and
arranged.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-A flat plate with holes
therein by means of which it can be screwed or otherwise attached to
the window bead or frame forms the basis of the apparatus. To this
plate are attached or formed thereon two vertical lugs or projections
which serve as bearings for a transverse pin, on which is mounted
excentrically a plate having a spherical or other suitably shaped weight

page_text: attached to or formed on the same, and the back of which plate is
roughened by cross hatching or otherwise, so as to furnish a holding
surface to any substance against which the same may impinge. Sufficient
space is left behind the said last-mentioned plate for the passage of a
cord or cords by which the blind can be raised or lowered. In order
to raise the blind to any desired height it is only necessary to pull
the cord or cords downwards, the same being attached to the blind in
the manner well understood, and upon releasing the same from the
downward pressure the roughened side of the before-mentioned plate
impinges against the cord or cords, and by means of the weight in
connection therewith, the leverage of which is assisted by the excentric
arrangement before referred to, the blind is held in the position which it
had attained. In order to allow the blind to be lowered the weight is
lifted, when the cord or cords is or are free to rise, and the blind conse-
quently descends by its own gravity.