Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to a Distance by Means of Electrical Energy.
Year: 1898

page_text: Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to a Distance by Means of
Electrical Energy.
We, SIEMENS BROTHERS & Co., Limited, of 12, Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster,
in the County of London, Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention (which has been communicated to us from abroad by Siemens & Halske
Aktien-Gesellschaft, of Markgrafen-Strasse No. 94, Berlin, S.W., Electrical Engineers),
to be as follows:-
In the Specification No. 8041 of 1897 an apparatus was described for transmitting
motion to a distance the several forms of which consist of a transmitter (primary
apparatus) and a receiver (secondary apparatus), the moveable parts being disposed in
electrodynamically corresponding positions relatively to the fixed' parts.
If, for instance, the moveable part of the transmitter turns through a certain angle
the pressure at the terminals of the induced part of the transmitter will be changed
in phase or amplitude. In consequence of the difference of pressure at the terminals
of the induced parts of the transmitter and receiver, there are produced equalizing
currents and therefore turning moments which tend to again bring the moveable parts
of both apparatus into the same position relatively to the fixed parts.
For primarily varying the pressures in phase or amplitude it is not necessary to
use a transmitter to which the receiver is similarly arranged. The change of
amplitude of the pressures can, for example, be effected by the inclusion or exclusion
of windings of an induction coil or of a transformer. In this..way alterations of
pressure can be produced similar to those obtained in the arrangement described in
the aforesaid Specification, by the rotation of the moveable parts of the transmitter.
There can thus be effected the same actions in the receiver as are described in the
previous Specification.
.
1
This modified construction can be used for each of the several arrangements
described in the previous Specification.
As an example, only one general arrangement for a three phase current will be
described here. In the arrangement for a polyphase current described in the
previous Specification, the rotation of the moveable part of the transinitter effected
the shifting in phase of the pressures induced in the coils of such part relatively to
the pressure in the inducing part practically without altering the amplitude.
The same action is obtained in the arrangement shewn in Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings by means of a transformer T connected with a switch
apparatus or commutator U through a combination of partial pressures.
The receiver S is in this case a rotary phase current motor, the coils of the move-
able part of which are fed with a rotary phase current by the primary machine P
through the sliding contacts S1 S2 S3, whilst the coils of the fixed part are fed by the
transformer T through the switch U.
The current from the generator P is led to the rotary phase current transformer T
through the terminals a b c of the terminal board L

page_text: advance by certam angies AOD, DOE &e.
If the subdivision of the three terminal pressures AO, BO and CO is properly
chosen, as is easily done by calculation or graphically, a constant shift of phase (15°
in Figure 2) may be obtained by changing the terminals at which the current is
drawn without changing the amplitude.
In a corresponding manner the other two pressures shifted 120° and 240° relative
to the one under consideration, will be altered in phase by the same angle-in the
same direction without change of amplitude by a corresponding change of the points
from which current is taken, as shewn in the diagram.
The change of the terminals for the three pressures is simply effected by the com-
mutator U Figure 1. This has on its outer contact ring 24 contact segments of
equal size. The separate segments are connected with the terminals of the
transformer T. In the figure the segments of the commutator and the terminals of
the transformer with which they are connected are marked by the same letters with
the same indices. Besides these contact segments the commutator has six contact
rings h¹h h³ h h h which are connected respectively by leads with the
terminals pl på p³ p¹ p³ p³ of the rotary phase current motor S. Connection between
the contact segments and the contact rings is effected by the six contact arms K¹ K²
K3 K4 K5 K6 of which each diametrically opposite pair of arms K' and K, K and K³,
K3 and Ko belong to the same circuit. Each terminal from which current is taken
has two contact brushes (as in the cell switches for accumulators) which are connected
through the resistance W, so that in passing from one contact segment to the next a
coil division of the transformer T is never short-circuited. In Figure 1 the contact
brushes of the commutator have the following position on the segments.
The brushes of the one circuit are upon a and o; the second upon b4 and o; the
third upon e and o. If now for example the star contact be turned from the position

page_text: shewn through 15° contrary to the direction of the clock hands, the current-taking
points pass from the contacts at o¹, b4 o¹, ct o¹ to the contacts as b₁, bs c¹, c³ a¹.
The resulting pressures consequently pass (Figure 2) from the values A'O, BO,
CO to the values DO, GO, HO.
As shewn on the diagram, the resulting pressures are thereby shifted 15° relatively
to the former pressures. The position of the resulting pressures consequently
changes through the same angle as that through which the star contact is
moved.
In a corresponding manner, assuming first of all the unchanged position. of the
moveable part of the motor S (Figure 1) the rotary field in the fixed part will lag
behind to the extent of 15°, or it will be in advance to the same extent relatively
to the rotary field in the moveable part if the motor is bi-polar (if the motor is
15º
3
wound hexipolar, it will lag behind = 5° in the above case). There will cònse-
quently be produced in the rotary phase current motor, which is also assumed to be
bi-polar, a turning moment whereby the moveable part will be turned through 15°..
The receiver (also a bi-polar rotary phase current motor in Figure 1) will conse
quently follow the movements of the star contact of the switch both as regards
extent and direction. The motion of the receiver will take place stepwise through 15°
with the described arrangement. With a further subdivision of the transformer T
and a correspondingly altered construction of the commutator U, the said angle can
he reduced at will. The subdivision can also be reduced if a step by step motion
through larger angles is admissible.
The described arrangement consequently, similarly to that in the said previous
specification, enables motion to be. transmitted to a distance with any desired degree
of energy. If the star contact, of the commutator is, mechanically rotated at any
desired speed, the motor will follow at the same speed and in the same direction.
With the described arrangement there need be employed primarily at the commu
tator, U only sinall mechanical forces for producing secondarily any desired amount of
energy, as primarily only the friction of the contact surfaces of the switch have to
be overcome..
In place of a single secondary apparatus several such may be employed either in
parallel or in series in such manner that the movements of the transmitter causes a
simultaneous corresponding motion in all the receivers..
The transformer T, commutator U and receiver S can also be otherwise arranged.
For example the transformer T can have two windings, a primary and a secondary.
one, the primary current being supplied, only to the primary winding, while, the
connections of the terminals a¹, a², a³, a², b¹, b², b³, b, c, c², c³, c, with suitable points
of the secondary winding are effected exactly as before.
In place of the rotary phase current motor another apparatus with suitable windings
in the fixed and moveable parts, arranged for example for longitudinal motion can be
employed. Generally, speaking, it is only requisite that the field produced in the
receiver S by the primary machine P shall have the same direction as that produced.
in the receiver. by the transformer T, through the medium of the commutator U;
also the pressures produced by induction at the points' p¹ p² på pt ps p on the
moveable part of the motor S by the primary machine P must be as nearly as possible
equal to the pressures produced at the same points by the transformer.
The arrangement shewn in Figure 1 whereby both the fixed and the movable parts
of the receiver S are provided with rotary phase current. windings, is only by way of
example. If the receiver contains rotary phase current winding in the inducing.
part (the moveable part in Figure 1), and in the induced part alternating current
winding, the commutatator U can be constructed more simply, as it is then only
necessary that the pressure be shifted in one circuit as to phase, without altering
the amplitude. If the receiver contains alternating current winding in the inducing
part and rotary phase current winding in the induced part the transformer Tand.its
divisions, as also the commutator U, must be so arranged that on the movement of
the star contat, the several pressures are altered in such manner that the resulting
+

page_text: field produced by the separate currents only varies as to direction and not as to
. strength, which can be easily arranged.
Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to a Distance by Means of
Electrical Energy.
We, SIEMENS BROTHERS & Co., Limited, of 12, Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster,
in the County of London, Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention (as communicated to us from abroad by Siemens & Halske, Aktien-
Gesellschaft, Markgrafen-Strasse No. 94, Berlin, S.W., Germany, Electrical
Engineers) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
In the Specification No. 8041 of 1897 an apparatus was described for transmitting
motion to a distance the several forms of which consist of a transmitter (primary
apparatus) and a receiver (secondary apparatus), the moveable parts being disposed
in electrodynamically corresponding positions relatively to the fixed parts.
If, for instance, the moveable part of the transmitter turns through a certain
angle the pressure at the terminals of the induced part of the transmitter will be
changed in phase or amplitude. In consequence of the difference of pressure at the
terminals of the induced parts of the transmitter and receiver, there are produced
equalizing currents and therefore turning moments which tend to again bring the
moveable parts of both apparatus into the same position relatively to the fixed parts.
For primarily varying the pressures in phase or amplitude it is not necessary to
use a transmitter to which the receiver is similarly arranged. The change of amplitude
of the pressures can, for example, be effected by the inclusion or exclusion of windings
of an induction coil or of a transformer. In this way alterations of pressure can be
produced similar to those obtained in the arrangement described in the aforesaid
Specification, by the rotation of the moveable parts of the transmitter.
There can thus be effected the same actions in the receiver as are described in the
previous Specification.
This modified construction can be used for each of the several arrangements
described in the said previous Specification.
As an example, only one general arrangement for a three phase current. will be
described here.
In the arrangement for a polyphase current described in the previous Specification,
the rotation of the moveable part of the transmitter effected the shifting in phase of
the pressures induced in the coils of such part relatively to the pressure in the
inducing part practically without altering the amplitude.
The same action is obtained in the arrangement shewn in Fig. 1 of the drawings
accompanying our Provisional Specification by means of a transformier T connected
with a switch apparatus or commutator U through a combination of partial
pressures.
The receiver S is in this case a rotary phase current motor; the coils of the move-
able part of which are fed with a rotary phase current by the primary machine P
through the sliding contacts S1, S2, S3, whilst the coils of the fixed part are fed bỷ
the transformer T through the switch U.
The current froui the generator P is led to the rotary phase current transformer T
through the terminals a b c of the terminal board L¹.

page_text: The transformer is for the sake of clearness assumed to be of the kind in which
there is only one coil on each limb, and therefore it transforms the current in
proportion to the windings of this coil, as is well known.
The winding of the transformer is divided into sections. The leads to the separate
5 sections of the coils are connected with the terminals a' a² a³ a²; b¹ b² b³ 64; c¹ c² c³ c
of the terminal board L
The zero point o of the transformer is also connected with the terminal
board L..
0
:
The pressures induced in the coil sections o a¹, o a², o a³, o at ; o b¹ &c. may be
o designated by- OA¹, OA², OA³, OA*; OB¹. The ratio between the turns of the
separate coil sections and therefore the ratio between the partial pressures is
determined by the diagram Fig. 2 in which the several pressures are shewn in phase
and amplitude.
:
The three pressures OA, OB*, OC, have the same amplitude but are shifted 120°
5 relatively to each other in phase. The magnitude and direction of the partial
pressures OA¹, OA², OA³; OB¹, OB², OB; OC¹, OC², 00³ are marked off on the
sectors OA, OB4, 004.
For the determining of the combined pressures the negative pressures, OA³, OB³,
OCs are marked off equal to the pressure OA, OB*, OC and also the corresponding
O partial pressures.
The pressures are now taken successively from the points at and o, a³ and b,
a and b, a and b, o and 64, 6s and c¹, 62 and c², &c.
The resulting pressures are thus :-
5
A¹O
A³B¹
A³0
B'O
DO
'A2B2
A²O - B²O
EO
A¹B$
= A¹O - B³O
FO
OB⭑
&c.
= B'O
- B³O
With this combination of the partial pressures, the resulting pressures consequently
advance by certain angles A4OD, DOE &c.
If the subdivision of the three terminal pressures A4O, BO and CO is properly
chosen as is easily done by calculation or graphically, a constant shift of phase
(15° in Fig. 2) may be obtained by changing the terminals at which the current is
5 drawn without changing the amplitude.
0
7
In a corresponding manner the other two pressures shifted 120° and 240° relatively
to the one under consideration, will be altered in phase by the same angle in the
same direction without change of amplitude by a corresponding change of the points
from which current is taken, as shewn in the diagram.
The change of the terminals for the three pressures is simply effected by the
commutator U Fig. 1. This has on its outer contact ring, 24 contact segments of
equal size. The separate segments are connected with the terminals of the
transformer T.
In the figure the segments of the commutator and the terininals of the transformer
with which they are connected are marked by the same letters with the same indices.
Besides these contact segments the commutator has six contact rings h h h h h ho
which are connected respectively by leads with the terminals p¹ p2 p³ pt ps p of the
rotary phase current motor S. Connection between the contact segments and the
contact rings is effected by the six contact arms K K K K K K of which each
diametrically opposite pair of arms K₁ and K+, K2 and K, K³ and K, belong to the
same circuit. Each terminal from which current is taken has two contact brushes
(as in the cell switches for accumulators) which are connected through the resistance W,
so that in passing from one contact segment to the next a coil division of the trans-
A

page_text: former T is never short circuited. In Fig. 1 the contact brushes of the cominutator
have the following position on the segments.
The brushes of the one circuit are upon at and o; the second upon 64 and o; the
third upon c¹ and o. If now for example the star.contact be turned: from the position
shewn through 15° contrary. to the direction. of the clock hands; the current-taking
points pass from the contacts at o¹, b4 o¹, c4 o¹, to the contacts.a³ b, b³ c¹, ca a².
The resulting pressures consequently pass (Fig. 2) from the values A*O, B*O, CO
to the values DO, GO, HO.
As shewn on the diagram, the resulting pressures are thereby shifted 150 relatively
to the former pressures. The position of the resulting pressures consequently changes
through the same angle as that through which the star contact is moved.
In a corresponding manner, assuming first of all the unchanged position of the
moveable part of the motor S (Fig. 1) the rotary field in the fixed part will lag behind
to the extent of 15°, or it will be in advance to the same extent relatively to the
rotary field in the moveable part if the motor is bi-polar (if the motor is wound
15°
hexipolar, it will lag behind
5° in the above case).
There will consequently be produced in the rotary phase current motor, which is
also assumed to be bi-polar, a turning moment whereby the moveable part will be
turned through 15°. The receiver (also a bi-polar rotary phase current motor in
Fig. 1) will consequently follow the movements of the star contact of the switch both
as regards extent and direction. The motion of the receiver will take place stepwise
through 15° with the described arrangement. With a further subdivision of the
transformer T and a correspondingly altered construction of the commutator U, the
said angle can be reduced at will. The subdivision can also be reduced if a step by
step motion through larger angles is admissible:
The described arrangement consequently, similarly to that in the said previous
specification, enables motion to be transmitted to a distance with any desired degree
of energy. If the star contact of the commutator is mechanically rotated at any
desired speed, the motor will follow at the same speed and in the same direction.
With the described arrangement there need be employed primarily at the com-
mutator U only small mechanical forces for producing secondarily any desired
amount of energy, as primarily, only the friction of the contact surfaces of the switch
have to be overcome."
In place of a single secondary, apparatus several such may be employed either in
parallel or in series in such manner that the movements of the transmitter causes a
simultaneous corresponding motion in all the receivers..
The transformer T commutator U and receiver S can also be otherwise arranged.
For example the transformer T can have two windings, a primary and a secondary one,
the primary current being supplied only to the primary winding, while the connections
of the terminals a¹, a², a³, at, b¹, b², b³, b, c¹, c², c³, c, with suitable points of the
secondary winding are effected exactly as before.
In place of the rotary phase current motor another apparatus with suitable windings
in the fixed and moveable parts, arranged for example for longitudinal motion can be
employed. Generally speaking, it is, only requisite that the field produced in the
receiver S by the primary machine P.shall have the same direction as that produced
in the receiver by the transformer T, through the medium of the commutator U; also
the pressures produced by induction at the points p¹, p², p³, pps, 6 on the
moveable part of the motor S by the primary machine P must be as nearly as
possible equal to the pressures produced at the same points by the transformer..
The arrangement shewn in Fig. 1 whereby both the fixed and the moveable parts
of the receiver are provided with rotary phase current windings, is only by way of
example. If the receiver contains rotary phase current winding in the inducing part
(the moveable part in Fig. 1), and in the induced part alternating current winding,
the commutator U can be constructed more simply, as it is then only necessary that
the pressure be shifted in one circuit as to phase,, without altering the amplitude.
If the receiver contains alternating current winding in the inducing part and rotary

page_text: phase current winding in the induced part the transformer T and its divisions, as also
the commutator U, must be so arranged that on the movement of the star contact,
the several pressures are altered in such manner that the resulting field produced
by the separate currents only varies as to direction and not as to strength, which can
be easily arranged.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
In apparatus for transmitting motion to a distance by means of electrical energy,
such as is herein referred to, constructing the sending apparatus of the combination of
an induction coil or transformer with a considerable number of current supply con-
tacts, and a commutator apparatus so arranged that by its motion the separate
pressures derived from the induction coil or transformer are so combined that the
resulting pressures are varied as to phase and amplitude in such manner that in the.
receiver the magnetisation resulting from the corresponding currents is shifted
relatively to that directly produced by the alternating or rotary phase currents from
the primary machine or generator, substantially as and for the purposes described.
-
Dated this 6th day of December 1898.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.