IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING GREENHOUSES, WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR OTHER WARMING OB HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Durand Gardissal, of 10, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, and of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Patent Agent,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING
OR WARMING GREENHOUSES, WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR OTHER WARMING
OB HEATING PURPOSES."-A communication.
Sealed the 27th March 1857, and dated the 1st October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Durand Gardissal
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st October 1856.
I, CHARLES DURAND GARDISSAL, of 10, Bedford Street, Strand, and
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND APPARATUS FOR
HEATING OR WARMING GREENHOUSES, WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR OTHER
WARMING OR HEATING PURPOSES," (a communication,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a stove apparatus for heating and warming green-
houses, and other warming purposes in which a warm, damp, or dry heat may
be required.
The apparatus consists of a stove, above which a boiler is placed, forming a
bath for a worm pipe, which is in connection with a vessel containing water
placed in the greenhouse or other situation it is required to heat. The one

page_text: end of the worm pipe opens to the upper part of this vessel, the other opens
near the bottom. The heat of the bath causes a circulation of water in the
worm, and consequently in the vessel in the greenhouse, which becomes heated
to a greater or less degree, and evaporates. An opening is formed in the
vessel at which the vapour may be allowed to escape, or this opening may be
closed. The heat and flame of the fire in the stove after playing on the boiler is
conducted down through pipes or tubes placed in an air chamber surrounding
or partly surrounding the stove, after which the products of combustion escape
by an ordinary chimney. The air chamber has an air inlet at the lower part,
which air circulates round the stove and amongst the pipes before mentioned ;
as it becomes heated it ascends in that chamber and is conducted by a
suitable pipe to the greenhouse or other chamber to be heated, where it
escapes through wire gauze, or other reticulated material. By regulating the
emission of vapour at the opening in the evaporating vessel, and the passage
of dry heated air from the air chamber, the dryness or dampness and heat of the
atmosphere can be regulated. The stove is placed outside of the compartment
to be heated, and the pipes only conducted thereto..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Durand Gardissal in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DURAND GARDISSAL, of 10, Bedford Street, Strand, London, and of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our Lord. one
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Durand Gardissal, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Durand Gardissal, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
I, the said Charles Durand Gardissal, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING GREEN-
HOUSES, WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR OTHER WARMING OR HEATING PURPOSES," a
communication, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles

page_text: Durand Gardissal, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Durand Gardissal, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon (that is
to say)-
This Invention consists, first, in the utilisation and concentration in a single
apparatus of the four elements of caloric resulting from the combustion of any
combustible material whatever, either by the heat of water, of steam, of air,.
or of smoke; the latter, independently of the caloric, radiating from the
apparatus itself.
Secondly, in the manner or property of using in the apparatus all these
means together or separately, and causing the action of one or more of these
means to cease at will.
+
Thirdly, in the arrangement of all the parts of the apparatus established in
a manner so as to operate by means of one fire only, and to produce the most
economical effects possible in reducing the expense of the fuel.
Fourthly, in the absence of all danger resulting from the employment of the
means herein described.
Fifthly, in the property of being able to raise the temperature rapidly at one
or several localities at one time, or independently of each other.
Sixthly, in the means of preserving at will a very elevated temperature in
any part whatever during a period of ten hours, as a minimum, without
attending to the apparatus.
Seventhly, in the substitution of any vessel whatever to replace the worm
or circulating tube, acting as a water chamber or bath, herein-after described.
Eighthly, in the rising or ascending departure of the heated water, and the
vertical return of the cold water into the water chamber or bath.
This Invention is illustrated in the Drawing hereunto annexed, which
represents a vertical section of the apparatus. A is the cylinder filled with
water which conveys and imparts the heat; it has the forms, dimensions, and
the sinuosities or bends most convenient to the several localities which it
traverses; it is furnished with two openings A' and A", which are opened and.

page_text: closed at pleasure for filling the apparatus, and to permit, when warm, the
escape of the air separated from the water and the watery vapours. B,
boiler of circular or other form, serving to heat the water of the cylinder; this
boiler rests on the upper edges of a furnace K, and it is directly over the fire
of the grate L. C, cono fixed tightly (by friction merely) on to the boiler B;
it is furnished with a bent conduit pipe C', slightly inclined to the horizontal.
This pipe passes into the part to be heated; it is traversed by the vapour
which escapes from the boiler B; in its passage this vapour condenses and
returns to the boiler by reason of the incline of that pipe. The cone C is
furnished with an aperture furnished with a cock C³, the utility of which will
be seen. D, water bath, placed in the boiler, and in communication with the
cylinder A by the bent tubes D¹ and D'; the first D¹ passes down to the
bottom, serving to bring back the cold water from the cylinder into the
water bath D; the second D" is fitted to the upper part of D, and serves
to conduct the heated water from the water bath D to the cylinder.
E, principal chimney of the fire-place for producing a direct draught;
F, second chimney of the same fire-place, traversing the part or space to be
heated, and only operating when the fire is well kindled. The chimney E is
furnished with a damper E', and the chimney F with. a damper F¹, both
serving to permit or prevent the passage of the smoke into one or other of
those conducting pipes, as occasion may require. G is an annular chamber
surrounding the fire-place, having on the exterior a mouth G₁ for the
indraught of cold air; this air circulates round the fire-place, becomes
heated, and passes out by a pipe H: I is a tube of metallic cloth, fitted to
the tube H by a flange joint I'. The apparatus is placed either on the outside
or inside of the place to be heated; the cylinder A being a little inclined.
This circulating apparatus is always kept filled with water, which is heated
in the water bath D; a movement of circulation is then produced, the
cold water of the cylinder passing by tube D₁ to the lower part of water bath
D, wherein it is heated; it rises thence by the tube D" to return into the
cylinder A, and thus brings a fresh quantity of 'heated water from a lower
level, replacing that which has become cooled in cylinder A; a continuous
current is thus established, which causes all the water to be heated. At the
first moment of the steam from the boiler B passing out of the cone C care
is taken to close the opening C", but when the current of steam is established
it is opened, it then produces a demand for air which is heated by mixing
with the steam it passes out at the extremity of tube C', likewise charged
with steam from the water. The water of condensation descends the tube C¹
into the boiler, as before described.

page_text: The vapour from the water, which escapes from the cylinder A by one of
the openings A¹ or A", and that which escapes by the conducting pipe C',
furnish the damp heat, so indispensable for heating greenhouses. The air
heated round the fire-place K finds an exit into the wire cloth pipe I; if this
last is closed at its extremity the heated air is screened and distributed
throughout its length at every part; if, on the contrary, it is open, it passes out
at the extremity after being mixed with air entering through the filtering part
throughout the length of the tube, attracted as it is by the internal current, so
that at the extremity a great quantity of heated air may be diverted to any
part at a uniform temperature.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arrangement and
construction of heating apparatus herein-before described; characterized,-
First, by the arrangement of the four heating media, combined and established
in connexion with one and the same fire-place.
Secondly, by the property of suspending the action of any one or more of
these several means of heating.
Thirdly, by the property of producing at will a dry heat or a damp heat, as
may be required, all as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Durand Gardissal, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
C. D. GARDISSAL. (L.8.)