IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OILY AND FATTY MATTERS, AND OF MATERIALS CONTAINING OILY AND Fatty Matters, AND IN THE SUBSEQUENT RECOVERY OR SEPARATION OF THE OIL OR FAT OR OILY AND FATTY MATTERS FROM THE AGENT EMPLOYED AND OF THE AGENT ITSELF, AND IN DRYING THE MATERIALS TREATED.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Bentley, of Kennington Park
Road, in the County of Surrey, Merchant, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OILY AND FATTY
MATTERS, AND OF MATERIALS CONTAINING OILY AND Fatty Matters, AND IN
THE SUBSEQUENT RECOVERY OR SEPARATION OF THE OIL OR FAT OR OILY AND
FATTY MATTERS FROM THE AGENT EMPLOYED AND OF THE AGENT ITSELF, AND
IN DRYING THE MATERIALS TREATED.
"
Sealed the 19th March 1875, and dated the 28th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William Bentley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th December 1874.
-
1, GEORGE WILLIAM BENTLEY, of Kennington Park Road, in the
County of Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OILY
AND FATTY MATTERS AND OF MATERIALS CONTAINING OILY AND FATTY MATTERS,
AND IN THE SUBSEQUENT RECOVERY OR SEPARATION OF THE OIL OR FAT OR OILY AND

page_text: FATTY MATTERS FROM THE AGENT EMPLOYED AND OF THE AGENT ITSELF, AND IN
DRYING THE MATERIALS TREATED," to be as follows:-
The materials contemplated to be treated containing oily matters
include cotton waste, yarn, fibre, hair, seeds, nuts, fish, fish offel, and
such like, and those containing fatty matters include wool, bones,
slaughter house offal, animal refuse, and such like. The oily and fatty
matters and the material containing them are for convenience hercin-
after designated "material to be treated."
The treatment contemplated includes when necessary or desirablo the
drying of the "material to be treated," and in all cases the extraction of
grease (whether oily or fatty) from the substance or refuse by one or
other of the following agents, namely:-" Carbon bisulphide," "benzo-
line," "petroleum," or other "hydrocarbon" having an affinity for grease,
or I employ amyl-alcohol. The term "agent" is for convenience herein-
after used to designate any of these agents.
The treatment contemplated also includes distillation for recovery or
separation of the oil, fat, or oily or fatty matter and " agent," and the
washing or cleansing of the substance after treatment with the "agent,”
when such washing or cleansing is desirable, and the drying after
washing or cleansing.
The apparatus contemplated, which I desiguate the combined
olcaginous and hydro-extractor, and the manner of its use are (subject
to reasonable modifications and adaptations to particular cases) substan-
tially as follows:-I provide a cylindrically shaped vessel of iron or other
suitable material about three fect in diameter, more or less, but of any
suitable length, and which is stationary, placed in a horizontal position,
steam jacketted, and furnished at one end with a lid or cover capable of
removal, and rendered perfectly tight by suitable packing. Within this
vessel is another vessel of similar shape, but several inches smaller both
in length and diameter, and which is perforated. The inner vessel is
open at one end, and is made so as to revolve upon axles or wheels by
the aid of a leather band or other connection with an engine, and is
worked from the outside of the outer cylinder. The inner vessel is
furnished in the inside with three (more or less) projecting ridges situnte
at equal distances for the purpose of agitating the contents. Into this
vessel I place the "material to be treated," which when necessary or
desirable I first submit to the influence of air passed over chloride of

page_text: calcium under pressure or otherwise, in order to ensure its becoming
thoroughly dry. I then apply the "agent" under pressure (carbon bi-
sulphide I much prefer), meanwhile causing the inner vessel to revolve
slowly, by which means, after one or more applications, all greasy matter
is extracted from the substance or refuse, the progress being ascertained
by means of a guage or test tube conveniently affixed to the outer vessel.
When extracted I allow the liquid comprising both the "agent" and
the greasy matter to pass off into a conveniently situated tank or
reservoir, and thence into a still or directly into a still in which they aro
separated, the former escaping in a state of vapor into a condenser
connected with the still, where it resumes its original form, and is ready to
be used again, and the latter (which forms a valuable marketable product)
remaining in the still, whence it can be drawn off by suitably adjusted
taps. The uncondensed gas of the "agent," which passes off from the
condenser I convey through a pipe or tube connected with the condenser
into a closed tank or reservoir containing lime water, which then becomes
a valuable agent for unhairing hides and skins. Steam being in the
meantime admitted into the steam jacket, and the inner vessel or cylinder
being allowed to revolve slowly, the heat drives off any remaining portion
of the "hydrocarbon" into the condenser, where the "agent" resumes
its original form, as already described. When necessary or desirable I
then apply heated or warm water by means of suitably adjusted pipes
connected with a boiler or otherwise, the inner vessel continuing to
revolve slowly. This has the effect of thoroughly cleansing the substance
contained therein. After allowing the water to drain away by a suitable
outlet I again apply air, as before described, which speedily and entirely
frees the substance from all moisture, and renders it fit for immediato
usc. I prefer that the cylinders, tanks, reservoirs and pipes should be
either tinned, galvanized, or enamelled.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George William Bentley, Her
special licence, that I, the said George William Bentley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George William
Bentley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OILY
AND FATTY MATTERS, AND FOR THE SUBSEQUENT RECOVERY OR SEPARATION OF THE
OIL OR FAT OR OILY OR FATTY MATTERS PROM THE AGENT EMPLOYED AND OF THE
AGENT ITSELF, AND IN DRYING THE MATERIALS TREATED," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George William Bentley, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George William Bentley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
•
The materials contemplated to be treated containing oily matters
includo cotton waste, yarn, fibre, hair, seeds, nuts, fish, fish offal, and
such like, and those containing fatty matters include wool, bones,
slaughter house offal, animal refuse, and such like. The oily and fatty
matters and the materials containing them are for convenience herein-
after designated "material to be treated."
The treatment contemplated includes when necessary or desirable the
drying of the "material to be treated," and in all cases the extraction of
grease (whether oily or fatty) from the substance or refuse by one or
other of the following agents, namely:" Carbon bisulphide," "benzo-

page_text: linc," "petroleum” or other “hydrocarbon,” having an affinity for
grease, or I employ amyl-alchohol. The term "agent" is for convenience
herein-after used to designate any of these agents.
The treatment contemplated also includes distillation for recovery or
separation of the oil, fat, or oily or fatty matter and "agent," and the
washing or cleansing of the substance after treatment with the "agent,"
when such washing or cleansing is desirable, and the drying after
washing or cleansing.
The apparatus contemplated, which I designate the "combined
oleaginous and hydro-extractor," and the manner of its use arc (subject
to reasonable modifications and adaptations to particular cases) substan-
tially as follows:-I provide a cylindrically shaped vessel of iron or
other-suitable material about thrco fect in diameter, more or less, but of
any suitable length, and which is stationary, placed in a horizontal
position, steam jacketed, and furnished at one end with a lid or cover
capable of removal, and rendered perfectly tight by suitable packing.
Within this vessel is another vessel of similar shape, but several inches
smaller both in length and diameter, and which is perforated through
its cylindrical surface. The inner vessel is open at one end, and is mado
so as to revolve upon axles or wheels by the aid of a leather band or
other connection with an engine, and is worked from the outside of the
outer cylinder. The inner vessel is furnished in the inside with three
(more or less) projecting ridges or perforated moveable trays situate at
equal distances for the purpose of agitating the contents. Into this
vessel I place the "material to be treated," which when necessary or
desirable I first submit to the influence of air (sometimes heated) passed.
over chloride of calcium, and under pressure or otherwise, in order to
ensure its becoming thoroughly dry. I then apply the "agent" under
pressure (carbon bisulphide I much prefer), meanwhile causing the inner
vessel to revolve slowly, by which means, after one or more applications,
all greasy matter is extracted from the substance or refuse, the progress
being ascertained by means of a gauge or test tube conveniently affixed
to the outer vessel. When extracted I allow the liquid comprising both
the "agent" and the greasy matter to pass off into a conveniently
situated tank or reservoir, and thence into a still, or directly into a still,
in which they are separated, the "agent" escaping in a state of vapour
into a condenser connected with the still, where it resumes its original
form, and is ready to be used again, and the greasy matter (which forms

page_text: a valuable marketable product) remaining in the still, whence it can be
drawn off by suitably adjusted taps. The uncondensed gas of the
agent," which passes off from the condenser, I convey through a pipe
or tube connected with the condenser into a closed tank or reservoir
containing lime water, which then becomes a valuable agent for
unhairing hides and skins. Steam is then admitted into the steam
jacket, and the inner vessel or cylinder being allowed to revolve slowly,
the heat drives off any remaining portion of the "agent" into the con-
denser, where the "agent" resumes its original form, as already described.
When necessary or desirable I then apply heated or warm water by
means of suitably adjusted pipes connected with a boiler or otherwise,
the inner vessel continuing to revolve slowly. This has the effect of
thoroughly cleansing the substance contained therein. After allowing
the water to drain away by a suitable outlet I again supply air heated
and dried as before described, which speedily and entirely frees the 1
substance from all moisture, and renders it fit for immediate usc. I
prefer that the cylinders, tanks, reservoirs, and pipes should be either
tinned, galvanized, or enamelled.
The accompanying Drawing is appended as an illustration of the
intended arrangement of my improved “combined oleaginous and hydro-
extractor," but which, as will readily be understood, admits of variation,
according to circumstances. The view represented is a general clevation,
shewing "digester" tanks for the "agent" employed, driving gear, still,
condenser, fat or grease tank and piping. The "digester" consists of
the above referred to steam jacketed outer cylinder or vessel, and tho 2
inner cylinder or vessel thereto pertaining.
a is the steam casing or jacketing; b, the outer cylinder; and c, the
inner cylinder, supported at one end by the shaft or axis d, and at the
other by the wheels e running in bearings carried by and situato within
the outer cylinder; s is the removcablo lid or cover, with rim or edge 3
made to press by screws (not shewn) against a ring or belt of copper or
other comparatively soft suitable packing for ensuring a tight closing of
the "digester," but leaving the inner cylinder free to revolve, and
thereby agitate the "material to be treated," the "agent" finding its
way thereto through the perforations and by the space left immediately 3
next against tho cover; y is a driving belt; h, wheel (driven by the
belt); i, worm on axis of same; and %, tangent wheel for slowly turning

page_text: the axis or shaft d (of the inner cylinder c), which works through a
stuffing box m.
In the Drawing of the digester some of the dotted lines are intended
to indicate the projecting ridges, beaters, or agitators situate within and
carried by the inner cylinder. These may consist of metal plates, plain
or perforated, or of combs, or of wooden ledges or projections (in any of
these cases) placed radially, spirally, or in any convenient manner.
•
"
For convenience of access to the digester it is placed immediately
above a floor represented by the line 2, the still, the condenser, and
certain other parts of the apparatus being situate in a cellar or space
below the said floor, and certain of the parts above the same. 2 and p*
are inlet and outlet pipes respectively for heated air, steam, or water at
various times, or as required to and from the space within the digester
between its inner and outer cylinders, and thence through the perfora-
tions to the contents of the inner cylinder; 7 is upper or service
tank for the "agent"; "and r*, inlet and outlet pipes respectively for
passage of the "agent" to and from the "digester;" s, lower " agent
tank for receiving the "agent" when drawn off from the digester; t is
steam pipe; *, branch from same to jacketing of digester; this is fur-
nished with blow-off valves not represented; 1, continuation of pipe / to
the still w hercin-after described; u is exit pipe from digester for passage
of the vaporized "agent" or vapours therefrom into the condenser; and
vis exit pipe from the digester for passage of greasy and oleaginous
matters, and also of the "agent" therefrom into the still 10. This (the
still) may be of any ordinary (convenient) description, that represented
being a casing through which steam pipes (in continuation of the
pipes) pass to a blow-off or exit pipe t; w0* is an exit pipe from the
still for passage of vaporized "agent" or vapours therefrom into tho
pipe u, and thence into the condenser; and 10 is exit pipe from the still
for passage of greasy and oleaginous matters into a receiving vat or
grease tank x. The condenser y may be of any ordinary (convenient)
description, that represented being a casing containing pipes, through
which cold water is passed, entering at y*, and passing off at y³. The
pipe is an exit from condenser for uncondensed vapours (leading to the
lime water tank above mentioned), and * is an exit pipe from condenser
for the condensed "agent" passing therefrom into the lower "agent"
tank s.
On the several pipes or some of them are shewn cocks, the use
of which as required is obvious, and needs no explanation.

page_text: It remains to observe that the varying " materials to be treated" will
require differing directions or time of treatment, but as an approximate
guido the case of treating La Plata wool may be selected or stated (for
illustration) as requiring, say, onco, two, or perhaps also a third applica-
tion thereto, and within the digester of such an agent as the carbon
bisulphide before the washing and subsequent drying, cach such
application occupying, say, about a quarter of an hour, more or less.
Also that bonos and such like materials to be treated will require longer
time or a greater number of such applications.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be and may be performed, I claim,—
Firstly. The treatment of the "materials to be treated" by drying
them (when necessary or desirable), and extracting the grease (oily or
fatty) by the use of the "agent" herein specified, and distilling and
condensing the "agent," and thus separating the oil or fat or oily or
fatty malter, and washing or cleansing the substanco (when necessary or
desirable), and drying same after being washed or cleansed, the whole or
such of these operations as may be required in any particular caso being
performed in and by the use of one and the same digester and suite of
apparatus or appliances, substantially in accordance with the modo or a
process herein above set forth and described.
.
a
And I claim, Secondly. The combination of a digester and suite of
apparatus or appliances for the above purposes, constructed substantially
as herein above particularly set forth and described, and as represented
in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George William Bentley, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-fifth day of Junc, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
2