matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SELF-CLOSING TAP FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Doyne Dwyer at the
.
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents,, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1870.
I, ROBERT DOYNE; DWYER, of 85, Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-CLOSING TAP FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS," to.
be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists. in constructing taps for drawing off liquids in
the following manner, that is to say :-I form the shell of the tap in the
ordinary way as regards the lower part thereof, but the upper part
surrounding the plug of the tap I form with a large circular cup, in:
which I place a convolute tempered steel spring, one end whereof takes.
against a projection in the said cup, and the other end of the said spring:
takes against a projection on the plug of the tap, so that by placing a
loose key on a square formed on the outer end of the plug and pulling it
the plug may be turned partly round in its seat until the cross hole
therein comes opposite to the passage in the shell of the tap to allow the
liquid that is in the vessel or main (if a water service pipe) to flow

page_text: therefrom. During this time the pressure must be kept on the handle of
the tap, as the moment the pressure is removed the elastic force of the
aforesaid convolute steel spring will exert itself and turn the plug of the
tap partly round in its seat in an opposite direction, thereby shutting off
the flow of the liquid, thus rendering the tap self-closing. Provision 5
should be made to prevent the water or other liquid from getting to the
spring to corrode it. The aforesaid cup is also fitted with a screw cap to
enclose the spring therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vincent Rastouin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
June 1870.
I, VINCENT RASTOUIN, of No. 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in
the Empire of France, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the naturė
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of pushing and pressing
levers with shifting fulcrums, sec A, B, of the accompanying Sheet of
Drawing, forming together an obtuse angle B which is pressed at its top
by the extension of one of its sides or lever C. This pressure, which
compels it to open, produces a motive power twenty-five per cent. greater
Two levers each set in
than that of the best combined machines:
motion by a fly, and working alternately, facilitate the passage of the
dead points, their power increases the more obtuse the angle becomes:
By this combination of the power of the angles set in motion I have
obtained power without loss of speed. My system is applicable to every
kind of steam engine, locomotives, marine engines, water pumps with
slide bars or buckets, hydraulic engines, three-wheeled velocimanes or
velocipedes, boats, and wherever motive power is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING OR MARKING GAMES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Pulman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
July 1870.
I, FREDERICK PULMAN, of 14, Saint John's Square, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, Clock Dial Writer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING OR
MARKING GAMES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to afford means of indicating by sound
when the dial or indicator has been moved, so that a player should not
have his attention drawn from the table or from the game. I take a
dial on which any number of numerals or other signs are marked, and I
provide the back or edge of it with a series of inclined surfaces composed
of bent wires or otherwise, upon which a spring arm is free to ride as the
dial is turned; the spring arm carries a hammer or weight which is caused
to strike upon or against a bell or other sound giving instrument to denote
There is one
to the player the movements that have been made.
incline for every number, and the spring becomes locked each time it is
moved. The inclines are so arranged that the dial cannot travel back-

page_text: ward. The central pin or stud upon which the dial is mounted is
provided with an index hand or pointer which remains stationary.
I do not confine myself to the use of one dial only as two or more may
be in connection, in that case one dial would indicate, say the tens, the
second one the hundreds, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE TAPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Norton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1870.
.
I, SAMUEL NORTON, of the Firm of Norton and Company, of Stock-
port, in the County of Chester, Patentees' Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE
TAPS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to those descriptions of valve taps in which
a metallic or leather valve is used pressed up against a seating by means
of a screwed spindle, and consists in combining two, three, or more
compartments together, all communicating with one bib or nose, and
each of which compartments is fitted with its own separate valve and
screwed spindle.
By means of a tap or cock constructed according to this Invention
different liquids may be drawn from the same spout in a hot or cold,

page_text: filtered or unfiltered state by connecting the compartments to the
several pipes, reservoirs, or filters, from which it is required to draw
off the liquid.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING AND DISTRIBUTING BUSINESS CARDS AND CIRCULARS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elbert Dando at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th October 1870.
I, WILLIAM ELBERT DANDO, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING AND DISTRIBUTING
BUSINESS CARDS AND CIRCULARS," to be as follows:―
This Invention consists in advertising and distributing business cards
and circulars by means of albums which are intended to be left in the
public rooms of hotels and in the saloons of passenger vessels, and in
other public places.
In order to make these albums attractive as well as useful for the
purposes set forth I print on one side of the pages amusing and
interesting matter, and I make the pages on the reverse side in compart-
ments, one or more of which are to contain photographic or other
pictures or designs, and the other or others are to contain business cards
or circulars, and in order to distribute the cards or circulars I make the
pages of the album sufficiently thick to allow the compartments in which

page_text: the cards or circulars are placed to be of the required depth to contain
one fixed and several loose cards or circulars, which are held in their
places by ivory or other catches, or by strips of india-rubber, or springs,
or other equivalents. These loose cards or circulars can be taken out
by parties interested and others put in their places at intervals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1870.
I, MARTIN BROWN, of Kendal, in the County of Westmoreland,
Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of
carpets, and in the machinery to be employed therein, and consists in
the fabrication of a double-sided carpet cloth with double warp threads.
and shoots of colored wool.
The loom consists of standards and framing supporting a jacquard
apparatus in which only half the ordinary quantity of harness is used,
but differently tied up and going through one plane only, instead of the
four planes, thus leaving merely one plane to lift one warp. The warps
are made of cotton or wool, as desired; one is a thick warp which does
not lift, so as to work the figure, which does not shew on the face of the
fabric; the other warp works through two gears which bind the two
cloths together. The shuttles are not driven across the race by picks,

page_text: but are thrown by hand. The beam for the thick warp is set in bearings
at the back of the loom, but within the standards, the beam for the thin
warp is set beyond or behind the standards in bracketed bearings, and
then the combined warps are carried through the harness to the front of
the loom, passing through the recd or comb in the batten or slay for
beating up the work. Both beams are weighted and controlled by pall
and ratchet motions to allow the warp to come off as the cloth takes
it up, and the take-off roller being in front of the loom the fabric passes
to the cloth beam, which is set in bearings beneath the beam of the
thick warp. The small warp passes through two planes of harness, one
of which serves to bind the cloth together. Suitable treddles are
arranged for operating the harness by the jacquard, and a lever is applied
to a pall motion for gradually winding, the cloth beam as the work is
made.
By theso improvements a soft flexible double-sided fabric can be
produced consisting entirely of wool or of wool and cotton, and having
no stiff ground or basis of jute or flax, the surface being smooth and flat
instead of presenting the ordinary terry or looped surface, so that the
fabric resembles a carpet cloth.
Any number of threads may be used in the warp beams and shuttles,
and any diversity of pattern made consistent with the employment of a
jacquard, as compared with the fabric produced by a printed warp, but
the cloth produced by these improvements may be of one color, and
printed subsequently by blocks in any pattern and colors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION AT COMPARATIVELY LOW TEMPERATURES OF SOLID BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS BITUMINOUS COALS, SHALES, OR SCHISTS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1870.
I, DAVID WATSON, of Bathville, near Bathgate, in the County of
Linlithgow, Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION AT COMPARATIVELY LOW
TEMPERATURES OF SOLID BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS BITUMINOUS COALS,
SHALES, OR SCHISTS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention, which has for its object to improve the manufacture of
products from solid bituminous substances by destructive distillation at
comparatively low temperatures, consists in applying heat to the top of
a column of the said solid substances, and in causing the gaseous
products of combustion or fire gases to pass downwards through such
column, the liquid products of the destructive distillation or decom-
position draining downwards, and passing along with the volatile
products into a receiver, whence the volatile products pass on to a
condenser.

page_text: The required downward current of the fire gases may be obtained in
any convenient way, but is by preference produced by the action of a
steam jet introduced into the pipe leading to or from the condenser.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification a tower is
constructed of brickwork or metal, or partly of each, of any convenient
shape, but preferably tapering wider towards the bottom. An inclined
grating is fitted near the bottom, just above the lower part of which
there is a door for removing coke or residue, such door being closed
air-tight and luted if necessary whilst the process is working. An
inclined passage leads from the bottom to a receiver placed at a lower
level for liquids to drain into it, and from the top of this receiver a pipe
proceeds to convey the volatile products to the condenser. The substances
to be distilled are placed in the tower, and in some cases a quantity of
coke, charcoal, or other suitable carbonaceous matter is filled in at the
top, being packed somewhat closely and kindled on the surface. The fire
gases formed pass downwards by the action of the current or draught,
and effect the distillation of the substances in a gradual manner.
some cases when the substances to be distilled are sufficiently com-
bustible a top layer of more combustible materials will not be required,
and they may themselves be kindled at the top. In all cases care must
be used to keep the top incandescent layers in a compact close state
during the gradual descent of the materials in order to prevent the
access of free oxygen to the lower parts of the tower.
In
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BOXES, WINE CASES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Octavius Wray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1870.
I, GEORGE OCTAVIUS WRAY, of Hestholm, in the County of York,
Barrister-at-law, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BOXES, WINE CASES, AND OTHER ARTICLES,"
(to be as follows) :-
This Invention consists in casting, welding, or otherwise attaching
the hook of each hasp and claw of each clamp to the vertex of a metal
triangle of unequal sides, and placing the base of the triangle in a staple
driven in the side of the box, wine case, or other object for which the
hasp or clamp is required, the hook of the hasp being intended to enter
the ordinary loop or staple in or on the lid of the box or door, and the
claw of the clamp to grasp the lid or other surface.
The base of the triangle is curved, and so adjusted to its other sides
that it can act similar to an inclined plane or wedge, and in the case of
the hasp the hook is at right angles to the longer side and bent towards
the shorter side, the three sides and the hook being in the same plane.

page_text: In the case of the clamp the claw is bent at right angles to the plane
of the triangle, so that the claw embraces the lid or other surface near
the edge; and if after the hook of the hasp is entered into its corres-
ponding loop or staple, or the claw of the clamp placed on the lid or
other surface, the base of the triangle is forced through its staple, it acts
as an inclined plane or wedge, and tightens the lid on the box, or the
door to the cupboard, or holds any surface to any required object.
IMPROVED MOVEABLE WEIRS WORKED BY SELF-ACTING MEANS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1870.
I, WILLIAM MARTIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MOVEABLE WEIRS WORKED BY SELF-ACTING MEANS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the overflowing of streams
and rivers, and consists in placing between the banks of the stream or
river one, two, three, or more self-acting doors or sluices for letting off
the water as fast as it is supplied. Each door or sluice is connected
to a bar fixed to two air-tight cylinders or pontoons placed in casings
of a similar shape, which casings are firmly fixed in the banks or bed
of the stream or river, and the bed or seating of the door or sluice is
placed between them. In the bottom of the casings there are apertures
communicating with one or more pipes leading to the next lower
level and at any suitable position there are syphon pipes leading from
the upper water into the casings. These syphon pipes are for the
purpose of taking off any ordinary addition of water to the stream or

page_text: river arising from a local rainfall or other cause, and the air-tight
cylinders or pontoons for raising the door or sluice according to the
extent the stream or river is being rapidly filled. When the water rises
above the syphon pipes it enters faster into the casings than the pipes
can carry it off, and therefore it raises the cylinders or pontoons and
the door connected to them to a height corresponding with the pressure
of the water, the door being slightly raised when there is little pressure
but raised gradually or quickly as the pressure increases, the water
running off at the bottom of the stream or river instead of over the top
as at present, and thereby scouring the bed of the stream or river. In
some cases I cause the doors or sluices to rise higher than the cylinders
or pontoons by means of chains encircling chain wheels of different
sizes, the chains on the larger wheels being connected to the doors, and
those on the smaller wheels to the cylinders or pontoons, and when
desired I employ pipes at the tops of the casings for the supply of water
to raise the doors by hydraulic means in times of drought.
AN IMPROVED. LUBRICATING APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SLIDE VALVES AND CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ferris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1870.
I, JOHN FERRIS, of Leyton, in the County of Essex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED.
LUBRICATING APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SLIDE VALVES AND CYLINDERS OF
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a chamber of any desired form and size,
which shall contain the lubricative matter. The upper part of the said
chamber is formed to receive a cock or plug, which said cock or plug
embraces a channel or aperture for feeding the chamber with the
lubricative matter, another for regulating the discharge of the said
lubricative matter, and a third for permitting the escape of the displaced
air during the process of filling the chamber. At the lower part of the
said chamber is a screw plug for releasing the water that may have
accumulated therein. Through the centre of the chamber passes a tube
for the double purpose of conducting the steam to the said chamber and
permitting the escape of the lubricative matter therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OF APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Adcock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th Jantiary 1870.
"
I, WILLIAM HENRY ADCOCK, of Kingstone Fields, in the County of
Nottingham, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OF APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows :→
.
My Invention has for its object improvements in heating water and
other liquids, and for this purpose I divide the water or other liquid
intended to be heated by introducing partitions within the vessel or
instrument employed, and these partitions are placed so as to be, in some
cases at least, across the line of draft of the heated blaze or flame. The
cells or chambers thus formed may communicate with each other by
suitable openings, spaces, or passages. The arrangement is so made and
placed as that the coldest water or other fluid shall be over or adjacent
to the opening for the escape of drafts from or under the heated air as
before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berger Spence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1870.
I, JOHN BERGER SPENCE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM," to be as follows:-
66
My Invention relates to that branch of alum manufacture called
soda alum," and consists in a process whereby I can obtain the alum
in a crystaline condition.
I produce the solution of "soda alum at such a high density that
the whole becomes on cooling converted into a pasty amorphous con-
dition free from liquid, which mass after a time assumes the crystaline
condition. By this means I obtain a greater production of crystals than
by allowing the alum to crystallize from a solution of the salt of a lower
specific gravity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Orby Cicel Mootham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th January 1870.
I, ORBY CICEL MOOTHAм, of Bournemouth in the County of Hants,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES," to be as follows :—
The Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas, parasols,
and sunshades. For this purpose I dispense with the long wire spring
stops ordinarily rivetted to the stick and working in long cuts or recesses,
and instead thereof I mount a spring stop or catch on an axis of motion
carried by the slider or runner; one end of this stop or catch works
through a hole in the slide or runner, whilst the other end is formed as a
lever to be acted upon by the thumb. In the stick is formed a couple of
holes a little larger than the acting end of the spring stop, one of such
holes being towards the upper end of the stick and the other nearer the
handle. Around the stick at the places where the holes are formed I
fix metal tubes to strengthen it at those parts, and I prefer to form the
spring stop or catch somewhat like a hook so that when the umbrella

page_text: is open the hook shall catch on the edge of the metal tube and thereby
securely hold the umbrella open until the spring catch or stop is acted
upon by the thumb.
The upper tube on the stick is provided with
a flange or stop to prevent the slide or runner being pushed too high.
By these means I strengthen the stick instead of weakening it as here-
tofore, whilst I also obtain an efficient and easy means of holding the
umbrella open or closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1870.-A communication from abroad by General Elisha
Gaylord Marshall, of. Rochester, New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,"
a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the general construction and arrangement
of a double-thread sewing machine, as herein-after set forth. A bed
plate having a curved arm or frame of the usual form is provided.
To this curved arm is pivoted the needle arm, carrying the needle at one
end, and having at the other end a friction roller, which rests in an
excentric slot or way in a cam wheel by which it receives motion. A
shaft projects up from the said cam wheel having a hand wheel on the
top. This cam wheel receives motion either by a friction wheel bearing
upon a rubber ring on its periphery, or by a band which rests half way.
round it horizontally, and then passes vertically down over side pulleys
.

page_text: resting in adjustable blocks or bearings. A shuttle carrier bar is
attached to a crank pin on the under side of the cam wheel, the opposite
end of which carries the shuttle passing through a guide box or race
which is pivoted so as to allow a slight rocking or oscillating motion.
The pivot is tubular to allow the passage of the needle. A small spring
rests against the shuttle to keep it in place. A lever is pivoted to the
shuttle carrier bar and extends forward through a notch in the feed bar
to which it imparts alternate motions by its vibrations. The front end
of the lever is made wedge shaped to raise the feed bar to engage the
cloth, and a spring produces the reaction of the feed bar when the
wedge passes out. The said lever rests between rollers or corresponding
lugs on a slide gauge, by which the length of stitch is varied.
A bearing
or clasp adjusted upward by a set screw rests under the said lever to
keep it tight and to compensate for wear. The upper thread passes
through suitable loops and the ordinary tension device, thence through
a "take-up" which clasps the thread, and thence down through another
loop to the needle. The "take-up" arrangement consists of a spring
plate which bears upon the thread, a pin which passes out against the
plate, and a wedge groove in the needle bar for operating the said
pin.
The object of this arrangement is to allow freedom to the thread to
form, the stitch when the needle is down, and to hold the thread to
prevent slackness when the needle goes up. The cloth presser bar is of
the usual construction, having a spring for pressing it down and a lever
for raising it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SMOKEY CHIMNIES, AND FOR VENTILATION GENERALLY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sycamore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1870.
I, JOHN SYCAMORE, of Spring Grove, Chiswick, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SMOKEY CHIMNIES, AND FOR
VENTILATION GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects the creation of a complete up shaft
draught in the chimnies as they now exist without any material
alteration in the stoves or fire-places as they are now generally used.
The apparatus consists of an ornamental grating fitted in the wall
outside the house, and that fitted to an iron box or air receiver carried
through the wall (the size to be regulated according to the amount of
draught required, not to exceed 24 inches square. A circular box is
fitted to the receiver, in which is placed a fan comprised of 4 or 6 wings
(as required), from which leads a diminishing pipe to an air container,
from which proceeds two pipes to run under the floor, and carried up
each side on the inside of chimney; on one side the pipe to be from

page_text: 6 to 12 inches higher than the other (as occasion may require). At the
end of each pipe is placed a valve by which the draught is regulated at
pleasure by connecting rods with handles outside the wall near the
mantle-piece. In cases where only a single action is required, instead of
two pipes being carried from the air container one may be taken either
vertically or horizontally as circumstances may require. When no fire
is required, and the valves at the end of the pipes are closed, the air
container would get overcharged, and as a means to avert this a pipe is
provided next to the circular box to run up inside the wall or in the
corner of the room (according to convenience, with an expanding
mouth at the top which will act as a ventilator to the room, and when
the fire is alight it will draw off the foul air from the top of the room;
or in cases where the room below may require ventilating it can be run
through the ceiling with an expanding mouth as above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRE-BITS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Horton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1870.
I, WILLIAM HORTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Boring
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRE-BITS," to be as follows :-
:-
The said Invention consists in the novel formation of the centre-bit.
This implement is ordinarily made with one nicker and one cutter, but
according to my improvements I make it with two nickers and two
cutters. The said improved centre-bit has the usual projecting point or
centre, which may be either plain or screwed. On each side of this
point, and nearly at a right angle thereto, I form the bit with a cutting
edge. The said edges or cutters project in opposite directions on each
side of the point. At the outside of each of these cutters is a nicker
whose outer surface forms a continuation of the edge of the shank, and
is flush with the outside of the cutter. The nickers are properly pointed
and sharpened to cut down through the grain of the wood while the
cutters pare out the part inside the incision made by the nickers.

page_text: By making the centre-bit in this manner I obtain a bearing on all
sides around the centre, and therefore there is no tendency for the bit to
bore an oval hole as frequently happens with an ordinary centre bit,
which being flat is very liable to work to one side of the hole. For
these reasons I can bore quicker, with less labour, and more accurately
with my improved bit than with an ordinary centre-bit.
.
I may also construct my improved bit without the nickers. In this case
I form on each side of the central point, which may be plain or screwed,
a curved cutting edge. These curved edges are formed and sharpened
to cut out the bottom of the hole, and their points are formed to cut
around the sides thereof. The inclination of these cutters ensures the
proper clearance of the core from the bit in working. With this
modification of my improved centre-bit I am enabled to work with great
ease and rapidity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Butcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1870.
I, JOHN BUTCHER, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FOUNTAIN PENS," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of this Invention is to provide fountain pens which while
they are cheap and durable and useful alike in the schoolroom, the
library, and the office, are easily charged with ink, contain a large
supply, and properly regulate the outflow automatically, or nearly so,.
until the whole of the ink is withdrawn.
For these purposes I employ, first, an elastic ink container so formed
and arranged relatively to the other parts that it serves for charging itself
with ink and for regulating the flow of ink to the nib in combination
with a writing nib of any desired form. The said elastic ink container
is made of india-rubber or other elastic gum, oiled silk, rubber cloth, or
other suitable material, preferentially in the form of a tube; it is closed
at its upper end and open at the end next the writing nib. To charge

page_text: the said container it is necessary to expel the air by twisting, drawing,
or squeezing it; this being done its resilience draws in the ink. The
elasticity of the container allows ink to flow to the writing nib for some
time after filling. When the supply becomes insufficient it is only
necessary to twist the elastic container, and to repeat this from time to
time until the whole of the ink has been used. The twisted tube is then
in a state for recharging itself with ink.
Second. I employ an elastic ink container of the kind mentioned
under the above first head in combination with two removable nibs,
both of which or only the under or writing one is slit.
Third. I employ an elastic ink container of the kind mentioned
under the above first head in combination with a pellet or piece of
fibrous or porous material, the latter as means for preventing too rapid
flow of ink at certain times from the container to the writing nib, say
immediately after charging or after twisting the container.
Fourth, An elastic ink container of the kind mentioned under the
above first head in combination with two conducting pieces placed at
a short distance from each other, and formed to receive a removable
writing nib.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF CONCRETE WORKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECFICATION left by Philip Brannon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1870.
I, PHILIP BRANNON, of Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF CONCRETE WORKS," to be as
follows (that is to say):
My Invention has reference to the mode of constructing concrete
works for all kinds of marine defences, breakwaters, and piers, fortifi-
cations, houses, public and other buildings, and of any parts thereof, and
consists in forming the same in solid masses of cement, concrete, cob,
pisé, and plaster, by the employment of wire fabrics of any required
guage or mesh for enclosing the said materials, or as an internal support
thereto. For example, in the construction of works under or exposed to
the action of water, or for the erection of fortifications and repairs of
breaches, I employ wire sacks charged with the concrete or other
material and lower them into their permanent position while in a
plastic state, and I then subject them to percussion and pressure so as
to perfectly unite the whole work; and for houses and other similar

page_text: structures, I strain the wire fabric on to the sides of a permanent
framework, I fill the enclosed space with any concrete material as
above mentioned and finishing with plaster if required; or I form such
structures or portions thereof by a single web or wire fabric strained
on a framework, and plaster or concrete both sides.
AN IMPROVED BUTTON OR FASTENING FOR RUFFLES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Meyer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1870.
I, LEOPOLD MEYER, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23, Paris, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
BUTTON OR FASTENING FOR RUFFLES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is a peculiar button for ruffles and other
articles of dress so contrived as to facilitate their fastening, and to
prevent the accidental escape from them of the button. The shank of
the button is formed of a strip or short length of metal or wire; it has a
double turn or fold so as to form a double hook, which can be easily
passed into or through the button holo. The button is composed of a
head of mother-of-pearl, ivory, or of any other material or metal capable
of receiving a circular, oval, or other form, and any kind of ornamentation
such as engraving, gilding, or enamelling. A hole is formed at the
back of the button in the form of a V shaped groove for the insertion
therein of a claw of corresponding shape made of metal or other
resisting material formed on or fixed to the strip of metal. When the

page_text: claw is in the groove it fits it tightly in order to render the claw
solid with the head of the button. When using the button the point
of the first hook should be introduced into the button hole of the rule
or other garment with a descending movement, the head of the button
is then gently pressed against the rufflo in order to cause the bend of 1
the first hook to pass through, and the second hook is then introduced
by an upward movement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR COMBING WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Battinson and. George
Battinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th April 1870.
WC, ISAAC BATTINSON and GEORGE BATTINSON, both of Halifax, in
the County of York, Commission Wool Combers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR COMBING WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements especially designed for and
applicable to the machine known as "Noble's machines," and has for
its object an improved apparatus for removing the noil, increased
efficiency of such machine, and dispensing with certain parts of such
machine as heretofore constructed.
We apply to the projecting ends of the wool or fibro on the "largo
circle" a comb or combs, herein-after termed "noil comb," to which is
imparted a rising and falling and reciprocating lateral motion, so that
such comb is inserted and passed through the fibre, and by its lateral
traverse removes the noil therefrom. The noil is now removed from the

page_text: noil comb by means of an endless belt of cards working over rollers or
by a revolving drum of cards and "stripper." The wool or fibre is
drawn off the "largo circlo" by drawing rollers as ordinarily. Instead
of the "
'dabbing brushes" we employ circular brushes, the bristles of
which rest on and among the fibro and pins of the large circle. Rotation 5
is imparted to these brushes by means of the fibre and pins travelling
on the large circle. A "plate" between the rows of pins serves, in
connection with the circular brush, to hold the fibre on the pins during
the operation of the noil comb. Two or more of such noil combs may
be applied as desirable. By the use of the noil comb we dispense 1
with the "little circles," or lesser circular combs, and the mechanism
immediately connected therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidengham Duer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1870. A communication from abroad by George Whitfield, of
Yokohama, in the Empire of Japan.
-
I, SIDENGHAM DUER, of Harewood Square, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means for effecting the circulation
of the water in pendent tubular boilers. To this end the space in the
water tubes is divided up either by applying thereto an internal tube
reaching to near the bottom of the water tube or by inserting vertical
division plates therein and providing distinct means of ingress and egress
to and from the tube for the descending and ascending currents,
whereby the discharge of the hot water shall take place at or near the
water level while the descending current enters the water tube just
above the tube plate and cannot mingle with or interfere with the
ascending current.

page_text: One mode of carrying out this object is to insert in the pendent tubes
three radial partitions which extend to near the bottom or closed ends
of the water tubes and divide the space up into three passages. One
of these is left open at top for the descent of the cooler stream, which
being heated during its downward passage rises up the other two passages
and enters a kind of hood or extended channel fitted over those passages
or divisions of the tube. The ascending current is thus led upwards to
the water level of the boiler, at or near which it is discharged into the
main body of the boiler; this action being constantly repeated in the
several tubes of the boiler an efficient circulation is maintained therein.
In place of dividing up the tubes by partitions an internal tube, say, of
the capacity of one of the divisions may be used to lead down the cooler
stream to the bottom of the water tube, while a hood-shaped extension
of the outer tube is used for delivering the upward current charged with
steam at or near the water level.
When constructing vertical cylindrical boilers according to this
Invention the annular water space formed between the outer and inner
shell is also divided up to create a rapid circulation. This is effected
by inserting a vertical cylinder in the annular space extending down
to near the bottom of the boiler and terminating above the tube plate
in a broad flange or shield inclining inwards, so as to deflect the upward
current towards the centre of the boiler. In this boiler the fire
chamber occupies a central position, and over the fire-place a baffle
plate is suspended for deflecting the flame and causing it to play among
the tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, CASKS, AND OTHER VESSELS AND TUBES, AND IMPLEMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Coombes at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 30th.
August 1870..
·I, FRANCIS COOMBES, of 93, Charlwood Street, Pimlico, in tlie County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, CASKS, AND OTHER VESSELS AND
TUBES, AND IMPLEMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists of corks or other stoppers, either plain. or
ornamented, partially hollowed so as to render them flexible for the
purpose of more easily stoppering bottles, jars, casks, or other vessels,.
and such corks or other stoppers so hollowed may be plain, leaving the
top of the cork or other stoppers. solid, or they may be ornamented with
metal or other material.
The tubes referred to are made of metal or other material having
an ornamental top with projecting screw and hole in the top thereof,.
such tubes being inserted in corks or other stoppers entirely hollowed is
firmly fixed thereto with cement and fastened at the bottom by being
burred over or by other means for the purpose of sprinkling or pouring

page_text: liquids, or for other purposes, or the projecting screw may be without
such hole at the top.
The implements referred to are made of brass or other metal, and so
constructed as to fit the screw on the top of the tube for the purpose of
fixing or extracting the cork or other stopper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAMPS FOR MARKING LINEN, AND. IN MARKING INK FOR THE SAME, SUCH STAMPS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER. PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Millar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1870.
I, ADAM MILLAR, Mechanician, of Number One,. High Holborn,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAMPS FOR MARKING LINEN, AND.
IN MARKING INK FOR THE SAME, SUCH STAMPS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER.
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Improvements in the stamps for marking linen for which Letters.
Patent, Number Two thousand three hundred and ninety-three, were.
granted to John Pinches, dated the Twenty-sixth day of October One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Firstly. In making the case or body of the stamp of sheet metal or
tube in place of wood, as hitherto made.
Secondly. In making the case or body of an oval or rectangular
section to correspond with the form of the die of the stamp, instead of
being circular, as hitherto made.

page_text: Thirdly. In making the spring of a conical spiral form in place of a
cylindrical spiral or helix, as hitherto made.
The other part of my Invention consists of an improvement in
marking ink for marking linen and other like purposes, by using
glycerine in combination with a solution of nitrate of silver or other
equivalent substance in suitable proportions, which admit of considerable
variations, say from one-sixteenth part to one-fourth part of the whole
IMPROVEMENTS ON AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MACHINERY TO THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING FLOUR FROM WHEAT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joel Spiller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1870.
I, JOEL SPILLER, of Salcombe Lodge, Salcombe Regis, in the County
of Devon, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS ON AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MACHINERY
TO THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING FLOUR FROM WHEAT," to be as follows:-
For the better understanding of my said Invention I may first remark
that in order to make flour of very superior quality it is essential that
the outer coating or skin of the grain should be removed from the
matter forming the kernel before such matter is ground into flour by
millstones, and in order to effect such removal the wheat after being
well cleaned is subjected to a process of breaking up, by which the
adhesion of the coating to the matter of the kernel is so far weakened
as to render the separation of the one from the other comparatively
easily effected by sifting and winnowing. These constituent parts of
the grain so separated are termed respectively bran and semolina. The
semolina is then ground into flour, which flour for strength and colour
far exceeds what the wheat would have produced had it been ground

page_text: in the ordinary way. Various mechanical means have been proposed
for breaking up the wheat by millstones, or by a series of rollers, but
the machinery is complicated and expensive.
Now my said Invention consists in the improvement of a well-known
mill formerly employed for grinding malt, and of which the common
coffee mill may be taken as a model, and in its application so improved
to the breaking up of wheat.
My improvement of the said mill consists in making the parts which
are liable to wear moveable, so as to be replaceable by others in good
order in a short time, such parts being rings or hoops fluted with saw-
like shallow teeth, the one being fluted on the outside and the other
on the inside, both or one of the fluted rings being conical, but the
inner ring at a greater angle than the outer to allow of the entrance of
the grain, the whole of the breaking up of the grain is done in the
depth of the rings, and the broken up products pass down through the
annular space between the rings. The main spindle of such a mill
may work in a horizontal position, but I prefer the vertical, as gravity
then assists the discharge of its products.
AN IMPROVED CORK DRAWER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Alphaeus Gooding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1870.
I, RICHARD ALPHAEUS GOODING, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CORK DRAWER," to be as follows:-
:―
The Invention is designed for the purpose of providing a substitute for
the ordinary construction of corkscrew that will enable the drawing of
corks to be accomplished with greater facility and expedition than
hitherto.
The improvements consist in the employment and use of a long stem,
prong, or shank of steel provided with a handle similar to an ordinary
corkscrew, by which the instrument is taken hold of. The opposite
extremity of the prong has a long taper point that will admit of its
readily being forced through cork or other similar substance. The
prong, a little distance from its pointed extremity, is provided with a
flattened recess into which is secured by a rivet or screw a swivēl piece
the surface of which is flush or level with the exterior surface of the

page_text: prong, and which by reason of its peculiar formation when the spring is
being forced point downwards through the cork lies longitudinally and
in a line with the prong, so as to fill the recess in which it is contained,
thereby presenting no impediment to the passage downwards of the
prong.
The instrument when employed for extracting a cork from a bottle
must be forced sufficiently downwards through the cork to admit of the
swivel piece being clear of the same underneath; immediately a reverse
direction is given to the prong the cork offers a resistance to the hitherto
vertical position of the swivel piece, which causes it to swivel or turn
into a position at right angles to the prong, thereby forming a T headed
abutment that as the prong is withdrawn forces or carries the cork with
it clear from the bottle.