matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention did not proceed to the Great Seal.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1854..
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM RUSSELL, of No. 19, Westbourne Street, Hyde Park
Gardens, in the County of Middlesex, and Member of Parliament for the
City of Limerick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS" to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention is intended to obviate or compensate for the
increased strain which is thrown upon the yarns or threads forming the warp
by the "headles" or "harness" when the shed is opened or separated for the
passage of the shuttle. This object I propose to effect by allowing or causing
the rollers or beams which support or carry either the yarn or the cloth, or
both, to approach as much nearer to each other as the yarns are extended by
the action of the "headles," in order to equalize or render more uniform the
strain upon the said yarns.
The object of the second part of this Invention is to give a self-acting and self-
regulating "taking-up" motion to the roller or beam upon which the cloth is
wound as it is woven, in order to secure the uniform advance of the cloth, and
also to give a self-acting and self-regulating "delivery" motion to the yarn
beam or roller, which I propose to effect by means of two parallel circular plates
or discs, revolving on the same centre; and actuating small-rollers by friction
of contact. These rollers are regulated by a self-acting screw or ratchet, and

page_text: may be made to move nearer to or further from the centres of the circular
plates or discs, in order to decrease or increase their relative speeds. This
arrangement is intended to cause the cloth and yarn beams to revolve at
speeds proportioned towards each other, and inversely, as their respective
diameters are increased or diminished by the cloth being wound on, or the
yarn delivered, so that a proper strain may be kept on the yarn, and the weft
caused to cross the warp at the same point of the loom, in order that the reed
may "beat up" at the same point always.
The third part of this Invention is intended to compensate for the want of
elasticity in flax yarns, by imparting the requisite elasticity to the loom, to the
carriages or bearings of the rollers or beams, or to the rollers or supports of
the yarn or the cloth. This object is to be effected either by means of steel
or india-rubber springs, or by tubes filled with confined air, or water, or other
elastic medium.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: 004.
I, ROBERT TAIT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of fabrics of the zebra class,
suitable for dresses, robes de chambre, shawls, scarfs, and other articles wherein
the ornamental patterns or devices are produced by a combination of figure
weaving and color printing. Such fabrics are woven by means of any suitable
figure working machinery, with one side flushed or back lashed, whilst the other
or pattern side has a pattern or device thrown up upon it by the weaving
action. This latter or figured surface is afterwards printed with the desired
colour pattern or ornament, so that the woven figure and the color produce
the finished ornament in two different and totally distinct designs.
RETARDING RAILWAY TRAINS ON THE APPROACH OF DANGER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Prince at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May 1854.
I, PAUL PRINCE, of Derby, Railway Inspector, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "RETARDING RAILWAY TRAINS ON THE APPROACH OF
DANGER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of breaks to the wheels of all the
carriages comprising a railway train, and is effected as follows:-Each pair of
breaks is connected by a bar of wood or iron, and is placed to each pair of
wheels. At the sides nearest the middle of the carriages a wedge is made
to fall in between the connecting bars of each pair of breaks, with a sufficient
amount of momentum to retard the velocity of the wheels. Motion is given
to the wedge by a heart wheel or eccentric fixed on a shaft extending the
entire length of the carriages.
Power for applying the breaks is transmitted from either end of the train
and from one carriage to another by affixing at the ends of the longitudinal
shafts radial arms or wings, so that when motion is given to one shaft the
radial arm on the end of the shaft acts on the radial arm of the shaft of the
next carriage, and the process is continued until all the breaks are applied
throughout the train. The wedge is liberated after application of the break
by a fixed lever acting between the connecting bars, and is then put back to
its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES FOR FACILITATING THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kennedy Geyelin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st Junc
1854.
I, GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES FOR FACILITATING THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE" to be
as follows:-
The improvements consist in forming that part of the fire-place or furnace
which receives the fuel into a chamber of a cylindrical or other form, capable
of rotation or inversion after each fresh supply of fuel, so that the smoke and
particles of combustion from the fresh charge may have to ascend through and
be consumed by the previously ignited fuel. The bars may be made hollow for
water in connection with a suitable boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1854

page_text: cous
prescrwea
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philibert Beudot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1854.
1, PHILIBERT BEUDOT, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, (France,) and
of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, (City) London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS" to be as fol-
lows, (viz.):
My improvements consist in an apparatus for the better and more perfect
combustion or consumption of lighting gases.
It is a well known property of gas that it has to attain a certain temperature
before it can be lighted, and that gas burned at that temperature gives out
more light than at a lower one.
I obtain this result by an arrangement of burners in which the gas is
heated previously to issuing from the burner, in the following manner :-
The end of the gas piping where the burner would be fixed is concentrically
surrounded by a suitable length of piping, which being of a somewhat larger
diameter leaves an annular space between itself and the interior pipe, to
which it is fixed at the lower or inner end. On the outer or upper end of the
exterior pipe is screwed or fixed a hollow ball-like recipient of suitable
capacity, whose circumference projects beyond the diameter of the exterior
pipe. At the lower end of the said exterior pipe are fixed the burners more

page_text: or less closely to the pipe, so that they may heat the ball and piping above
them. The burners may be of the ordinary form, but I generally make them
to consist of a ring formed of thin tubing, which is bent in a concentric circle
round the exterior pipe, and perforated on its upper side with a sufficient
number of gas holes. The circular or annular tubes receive their supply of
gas through four or more straight pipes, which connect it with the exterior
pipe. This pipe terminates at the bottom of the ball fixed on it, whilst the
interior pipe being longer, nearly reaches the top of the ball. It is easy to
understand the working of the apparatus. The gas being forced as usual by
the pressure of the gas meter, fills the said ball, which acts as a reservoir, and
is heated by the flame or flames of the burner under it.
By the combined pressure of the gas meter, and the additional elasticity
acquired by the gas by means of the heating process, it descends down the
annular duct, between the interior and exterior pipe, and is forced out of the
burners at such temperature as will ensure a more profitable consumption, and
prevent the loss of gas experienced with burning cold gas. The degree of
heat imparted to the gas will of course depend chiefly on the number of jets
applied, or their distance from the reservoir ball, on the heating surface which
the latter presents, or, in other words, on its more or less flattened or oblate
shape. These circumstances then afford a ready means for regulating the
temperature of the gas according to its nature and the appliances of the
case.
THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPHIC WIRES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caroline Erckmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 31st January
1854.
I, CAROLINE ERCKMANN, of La Villette, near Paris, in the Empire of France,
and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, (City) London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPHIC WIRES " to be as
follows, viz. :-
I substitute for gutta percha used at present for the isolation of electric
wires from one another, glass, paper, cardboard, or wood or bone. The employ-
ment of these substances will isolate the wires better than gutta perclia. It is,
however, still necessary to cover the assemblage of wires with a coat of gutta
percha, tar, or other similar substances.
To preserve subterranean electric wires from the attacks of insects, such as
ants, &c., I incorporate in the matter used to form the exterior coat, resinous
and bitter substances, or others of a poisonous nature, or I even protect them
with a metallic covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-FEEDING FURNACES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING SUCH FURNACES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alfred Cowper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th September 1854.
I, EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of Great George Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-FEEDING FURNACES, AND IN MACHINERY
FOR WORKING SUCH FURNACES," to be as follows:-
I construct furnaces with fire bars placed transversely and capable of
working up and down in suitable guides. I raise and lower these bars by
means of levers or cams on revolving or oscillating shafts, alternately or suc-
cessively, or to different heights, so as to produce undulations or waves on the
surface on which the fuel lies, by means of which the fuel is gradually pro-
pelled from the front of the furnace to the back; or the undulations or waves
may be produced by an inclined piece or wedge, caused to advance under the
bars by means of a rod or endless chain. The advance of the fuel may be
facilitated by inclining the series of fire bars from front to back. The fuel is
placed in a hopper at the front of the furnace, and is taken in by the motion
of the fire bars, or is forced in by a moveable piston or pushing plate. The fire
bars may be put in motion by hand, or by a steam engine or water wheel, or
other motive power, or by the following means:-I attach two hollow vessels,
containing water or other suitable liquid, to the two ends of a pipe, turning

page_text: upon a centre or pivot, and connected with a steam boiler by suitable valves
or a cock. Steam enters from the boiler and forces the water from the lower
vessel into the upper one, which then descends. The steam is then allowed
to escape or condensed, and the water flows back into the first vessel, and the
other vessel then rises; or the steam may be made to act in both vessels
alternately. This reciprocating motion is communicated by a connecting rod
or chain to a ratchet, working in a ratchet wheel on one of the shafts of the
furnace, or on a shaft connected thereto; or, when the aforesaid shafts require
an oscillating motion, the connecting rod or chain may be connected at once
to a lever on the shaft. In some cases I substitute a small cylinder and
piston in lieu of the two vessels and the pipe, retaining the connecting rod or
chain and other arrangements. This machinery is applicable to many other
self-feeding furnaces, and is particularly suitable for such furnaces when applied
to steam boilers, as it may be placed on the top or at the end or side of the
boiler, as may be most convenient.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
July 1854. A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP FOR
RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS " to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a pump which shall give out a
large and continuous flow of water or other fluid by the economic application
of power, the impetus of the advancing column being preserved instead of
checked as in the ordinary lifting pumps, while at the same time a great
length of stroke is obtained. The barrel of the pump is fitted with two
valve pistons, the rod of the lower one of which passes through the centre of
the upper piston, and the two rods severally carry a rack at their upper ends.
These racks are set back to back, and slide in a fixed guide secured to the pump
cylinder. Between the racks passes a rocking axle, which has its bearings in
the top of the cylinder, and carries a cog wheel for transmitting motion to the
valve pistons. This cog wheel gears into a pair of segment racks, which are
attached to other segment racks in gear with the racks on the valve rods.
When, therefore, by means of a handspike or otherwise, the rocking axle is set
in motion, the cog wheel which it carries will, through the segment racks
and the straight racks on the rods, cause the simultaneous advance or reces-
sion of the two valve pistons to or from each other, and thereby produce a
continuous lifting action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE BOILER FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dircks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August 1854.
I, HENRY DIRCKS, of the Patent Agency Office, 32, Moorgate Street, in
the City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE BOILER FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES
FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE" to be as follows:-
My said Invention refers to peculiarly constructed perforated air-distributing
apparatus, for supplying air in a divided form to the crude gases arising from
the fuel, and which apparatus are in the form of boxes, plates, bars, bricks,
tiles, or fire lumps, made of iron or fire clay, and placed on, above, and around
the furnace doors, or in any convenient part of furnaces best suited for their
introduction. When in bars or slabs they may have grooved sides, which
when laid together will thus afford a series of perforations.
I employ various kinds of air valves. Sometimes, by sliding one perforated
plate over a fixed perforated plate, I thereby close or open the apertures. I
also alternate round or nearly round bars with bars flat at top, but grooved
at their sides, to receive the round bars, which, being all perforated in one
direction, can be closed by partially turning the bars by a suitable handle and
rods or cranks, bringing the apertures against the blank side of each adjoining
bar. A Venetian arrangement of air valves may also be used, or the air may

page_text: be admitted under the dead plate, made to rise up from the back, drawing up
with it an attached semicircular perforated plate or air-distributor.
All the said perforations may be round, square, slotted, or of any other form.
I prefer them not to exceed three quarters of an inch in width or diameter, but
they may be wider, particularly when by sliding or other like valves their area
can be diminished. The air valves may be operated by self-closing apparatus
when required.
For increasing the draught of air through the perforated air-distributors I
sometimes use a fan blast, or by means of elevated air-tubes, surmounted with
a cowl turning to the wind, I introduce a natural blast or current of air; or
the current of air through the apparatus may be promoted by a jet of steam
variously applied.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Donovan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August 1854.
I, JAMES DONOVAN, of Church Path, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR THE
PURPOSE OF CONSUMING SMOKE" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to introduce into furnaces streams of heated
air in such manner as to effect the combustion of the smoke evolved from the
fuel contained therein. For this purpose, I provide immediately below the
fire-bars air ducts, which lead from an air chamber at the front of the fire-
place to an air chamber situate at the bridge of the fire-place, or formed
by making the bridge hollow. The outer air chamber into which cold air
enters I provide with a valve or valves, for determining the amount of air
to be supplied to the fire; and the chamber at the bridge (or the hollow
bridge) I pierce with holes, which will permit of the air from the ducts
escaping upwards, and impinging on and mixing with the flame and
gases of combustion as they pass over the bridge, by which means the smoke
will be consumed. The air as it passes through the ducts will take up a con-
siderable portion of waste heat, and when discharged into the furnace will
have attained a high temperature.
A NEW OR IMPROVED STOP-Cock
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hickman and Isaac Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th December 1854.
We, JOHN HICKMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, and ISAAC SMITH, of Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED STOP-Cock" to be
as follows:-
The Drawing represents our Invention in longitudinal vertical section. a is
the ingress pipe; b, the exit pipe; and c, the valve seat; d is a piston or plunger,
made to rise and fall in the chamber e by the screw on its top engaging in the
concave screw in the handle f. A feather on the plunger d, indicated in dotted
lines, engages in a groove in the chamber e, and prevents the rotation of the
said plunger d. By turning the handle f, the plunger d is made to rise and
fall vertically in the chamber e. g is a dome or inverted cup of vulcanized
caoutchouc or other elastic material. The said dome or cup g is placed in the
chamber e, in the manner represented, without any fastening, the pressure of
the liquid forcing the edge of the dome or cup g into such close contact with the
inclined edge h of the chamber e as to prevent leakage. When the plunger
d is forced down, the dome or cup g is pressed upon the valve seat c, and the
water way is closed. When the plunger d is raised, as represented, the dome

page_text: or cup grises by its own elasticity and the pressure underneath it. The
dome or cup g may be fastened to the plunger d, if thought desirable, and
a washer of leather or other material may be placed on the under side of the
dome or cup g, in order to bear upon the valve seat c.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PURIFYING GAS FROM AMMONIA AND OTHER IMPURITIES, AND PREPARING PURE GAS FOR BURNING; IN OBTAINING AMMONIA AND CERTAIN SALTS OF AMMONIA AND SODA, AND IN TREATING CERTAIN SALTS OF AMMONIA
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Laming at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1854.
I, RICHARD LAMING, of Carlton Villas, Maida Vale, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PURIFYING GAS FROM AMMONIA AND OTHER IMPURITIES, AND PREPARING
PURE GAS FOR BURNING; IN OBTAINING AMMONIA AND CERTAIN SALTS OF AMMONIA
AND SODA, AND IN TREATING CERTAIN SALTS OF AMMONIA," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, 1st, to removing odorous compounds from impure
gas, and adding to deodorized gas odours less objectionable than those which
have been removed.
I purify the gas from ammonia and certain acids, by means of water and
ammonia partly saturated with hydro-sulphuric acid, which ammonia may be
obtained at very little cost, by a process herein-after explained. Sometimes I
remove the ammonia by liquids repeatedly returned to the purifiers with
successive additions of sulphuric acid, and I introduce into pure gas odours
obtainable from boghead coal, peat, factitious oil of almonds, or other suitable
substance, and without which its use would be attended by danger of explosion
from leakage.

page_text: 2ndly, to a process for obtaining at a cheap rate ammonia sufficiently free
from hydro-sulphuric acid for the above purpose, the said process simulta-
neously yielding carbonate of soda. This process consists in heating a mixture
of a carbonate of ammonia and sulphuret of sodium with or without oxide of
iron or other cheap oxide, according to the nature of the carbonate of ammonia
which is used, or in heating a mixture of sulphuret of ammoniam or of sodium
and a suitable oxide.
3rdly, to the use of a rotating sieve for distributing more equally the
purifying liquids in gas purifiers.
4thly, to preparing certain salts of ammonia for the market, which I do by
submitting them to a high temperature in their purification (instead of using
costly chemical re-agents), and consolidating them by the application of
mechanical pressure, in lieu of the ordinary chemical sublimation, by which
means I render the use of ammonia sufficiently economical for gas purifying.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Pape at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1854.
I, JOHN HENRY PAPE, of Paris, No. 19, Ruc des Bons Enfants, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES" to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of employing tuned forks, or instruments in the
nature of forks, in combination with or in addition to the ordinary strings;
these forks may be single or double, and may be used through the whole
extent of the instrument together with strings, or they may be used in one
part of the instrument, and strings in the other part of the instrument. The
sounding board is placed behind the braces, and the strings are fixed at one
end, each on two pins, one of which is a spring pin, so as to maintain an
equal tension of the strings, and the strings pass through brass forked staples
fixed on the bridge, instead of pins heretofore employed.
The Invention also consists of using one or two double-motioned hammers
when strings and forks are combined; one of the hammers striking the string
and then moving backward, and damping with its back the sound of the fork
which has been struck by the other hammer, while the other hammer, having
struck the fork, moves backward, and damps with its back the sound of the
string which has been struck by the first hammer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS TO CONTAIN FLUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Vinkeles Houssart and
Robert Houston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd March 1854.
We, RICHARD VINKELES HOUSSART, of 29, Dunstan Street, Kingsland Road,
in the County of Middlesex, and ROBERT HOUSTON, of 1, Skinner Street,
Snow Hill, in the same County, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS TO CONTAIN FLUIDS" to be as follows,
and relate principally to casks, but may also be applied to various other
vessels and for various purposes, and consist in fixing and hermetically closing
a bag of waterproof, flexible, or elastic material around the inner circum-
ference (but loose from the vessel except at the point of junction) of a cask or
vessel about midway between the two ends, in such a manner, that when it is
filled, the bag shall distend, & form, to a certain extent, an interior vessel or
lining to the upper portion.
The cask is filled through one end instead of through the side, as in the
ordinary way, and the bag distends with the pressure of the fluid, & fills the
opposite end to that through which the fluid enters, & near which end the
tap is inserted in the usual manuer, and on which end the cask will stand when
the fluid is to be drawn off. This end may be called the bottom, & the other

page_text: end or top is moveable, so that it may be taken off at pleasure. In the case
of fermented liquors, where it may be necessary to allow the escape of gas, the
bag may be connected with a false top provided with an arrangement for that
purpose. This false top sinks as the fluid flows off, so that the cask is always
full up to the false top, and atmospheric air is excluded from the fluid.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING SOAP TO OBTAIN BACK THE FATTY OR OILY MATTERS IN THEIR ORIGINAL STATE
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay, of Paris, Chemist,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING SOAP TO OBTAIN BACK
THE FATTY OR OILY MATTERS IN THEIR ORIGINAL STATE."
Sealed the 26th January 1855, and dated the 24th November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cyprien Marie Tessié
du Motay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th November, 1854.
I, CYPRIEN MARIE TESSIE DU MOTAY, of Paris, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING SOAP TO OBTAIN
BACK THE FATTY OR OILY MATTERS IN THEIR ORIGINAL STATE" to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to soaps manufactured of tallow, palm oil, and
cocoa nut oil, and consists of mixing the same with hydrate or carbonate of
lime, and then, when well mixed, a solution of carbonate of soda is added
till saturation. The soap obtained by the above process is washed many times
with cold water, until the fatty bodies are entirely separated; the said bodies
are then taken out and melted on water, as is usual with fatty substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTOUCH BELTS OR CASES FOR CONTAINING CARTRIDGES, TO BE WORN ROUND THE WAIST OR OTHERWISE, CALCULATED FOR ARMS OF EVERY DESCRIP- TION, GUNS, PISTOLS, AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Tayler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1854.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TAYLER, Chymist, 19, South Row, New Road, St.
Pancras, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTOUCH BELTS OR CASES FOR CONTAINING CARTRIDGES, TO BE
WORN ROUND THE WAIST OR OTHERWISE, CALCULATED FOR ARMS OF EVERY DESCRIP-
TION, GUNS, PISTOLS, AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The belt or case consists of an outer and inner case; the former is covered
over, impervious to damp, leaving an opening or openings to take out the
cartridges, and which is provided with a flap, to lift up and fall down over
the said opening. The inner case to contain the cartridges is movable, and
is moved round in rotation by placing your finger in the empty holes the
cartridges have been moved from at the opening in front. The belt passing
intirely round the body will contain in a single tier ab 60 cartridges, and 120
in a double one. I do not confine myself to any material for making the belt,
or mode of fastening or unfastening the spring or clasp for convnence of
placing it round the waist or body, and it is made elastic to fit different sizes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAISED PRINTING SURFACES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1854. A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAISED
PRINTING SURFACES " to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce the cost of producing printing
blocks and other raised printing surfaces. To this end the figures required
are cut out in whole or in sections by means of a saw or other instrument from
thin sheets of felt, prepared as will be presently explained, or they are formed
of wood or other suitable substance of the thickness of the intended or required
relief, and they are then secured by glue, cement, or other suitable means to
the face of the printing block or cylinder.
In preparing the felt to be used for block printing and other like purposes, it
is saturated with a solution of gum shellac in alcohol, and then compressed, and
finally the printing surface is coated with rosin, or pitch and turpentine, over
which a hot iron is passed to smooth the surface and cause the overlying sub-
stances to penetrate the material.
An IMPROVEMENT IN COMMUNICATING MOTION TO OR FROM THE ORDINARY CRANK OR AN ECCENTRIC
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Buchanan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March 1854.
I, JOHN BUCHANAN, of Leamington Priors, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVEMENT IN COMMUNICATING MOTION TO OR FROM THE ORDINARY CRANK OR
AN ECCENTRIC" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved form of connection between the
piston rod of a steam engine or other motive power and the crank, (or vice
versa,) so as to communicate directly without lateral thrust, thereby saving
both power and space.
My improvement is as follows:-The connection between the piston rod
and the crank is a cross-head affixed to the rod or rods, having a slot or longi-
tudinal aperture in it, equal to the throw of the crank, and in which the said
crank rotates and slides during a revolution of the shaft, giving a direct action
on the crank pin, doing away with the usual connecting rod, avoiding lateral
thrust, and effecting great saving of space and power.
AN. IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Octavius Barratt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1854.
I, OCTAVIUS BARRETT, of 50, Wimpole Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOBACCO PIPES " to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of inhaling the smoke of tobacco from
pipes without contamination from the tobacco oil, thereby rendering it more
agreeable and wholesome; and I effect this by causing the smoke from the
tobacco to enter the mouth, without having first passed through the mass of
burning tobacco.
One construction of pipe for producing this effect is as follows:-The bowl
of the pipe at its large end, by which it is usually filled and lighted, I cover
with a grating of small holes, and the air passing through these keeps the
burning tobacco alight. At the end of the bowl into which the stem enters
I have another opening, through which I put the tobacco, and there light it.
This Invention is applicable to pipes of all materials.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT, CLEANSING, AND DYEING OF FIBROUS AND TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1854. A communication.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT, CLEANSING, AND DYEING OF FIBROUS AND TEXTILE
MATERIALS," to be as follows, namely:
This Invention relates to the treatment of all kinds and classes of fibrous
material and the manufactured products thereof, such as flax, hemp, cotton,
silk, wool, ligneous fibres, bark, straw pulp, felt, yarns, and cloths. For the
purpose of cleansing the treated materials and discharging coloring matter,
insoluble carbonates, such as carbonate of lime, for instance, are used. To form
this, alternate treatment with solutions of different temperatures of hydrate
or other soluble salt of lime and alkaline carbonates are used; for mordants,
hypochloride and muriate of alumina, salts of magnesia, picric and formic
acid, and their salts, are used. For sizing fibrous materials, paper, yarn,
and cloth, salts of magnesia, stearate, or margorate, and oleate of alumina are
employed.
In dyeing or printing madder or Turkey red the following ingredients are
used:-Nitric, picric, carbolic, and mimotannic acids, and their salts; also glue,
gelatine, chondrine, albumen, hypochloride, and formiate of alumina, salts of

page_text: magnesia, ammonical and butter soaps; also combinations of madder, with
acetic acid or with alkaline hydrates or carbonates; or turpentine, naptha, and
alcohol. In dyeing with indigo, sulphate of indigo is decomposed with salts of
lead, lime, barytes, or strontia, by which means are obtained acetates and other
solutions of indigo. For fixing colors, vegetable casem or lactarine, such as
is found in peas or beans, is used; also soluble silicates; also a combination of
tannin with animal gelatine.
A NEW AND IMPROVED FLUID FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1854. A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED FLUID FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES" (communicated
to me by a foreigner residing abroad) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of a new and improved fluid for
illuminating purposes, and which fluid is capable of being burned in the
ordinary kind of lamps. It is compounded of fixed and essential oils, but as it
is not explosive it may be used in perfect safety, and may also while equal to
the best sperm be furnished at far less price.
The basis of this burning fluid is the oil extracted from the cotton seed; and
as this oil is deficient in carbon, and to some degree also in hydrogen, it is
only requisite that some hydro-carbonaceous matter should be added to supply
that deficiency. Many substances are available for this purpose, as benzole,
petroleum, camphor, &c., but that which is preferred is the essential oil of
turpentine, as it is cheap, and also mixes with the cotton seed oil without
difficulty. The oil of turpentine has a tendency to promote the fluidity of the
cotton seed oil in cold weather, and by duly proportioning the parts the illu-
minating power of any kinds of oil may be imitated.
In compounding this improved burning fluid it is found that the following
proportions answer the purpose well, although others may be used:-To pure

page_text: cotton seed oil add freshly distilled essential oil of turpentine in the proportion
of one part of the latter by measure to sixteen parts of the former, and when
well mixed the burning fluid is ready for use. It will be found preferable to
effect this mixture at a temperature greater than that to which the fluid will be
raised by the heat of its own flame when burned in a lamp, as for instance, at
that of a bath of water at 212° Fahrenheit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hoyle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1854.
I, ROBERT HOYLE, of Whitehead Bridge, Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS" to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in placing a perforated vessel or vessels containing
bark or other suitable matter in a cistern or other receptacle partly filled with
water, which may be heated by the waste steam or water from a steam engine
or otherwise. The solution of bark or other suitable matter thus formed, is
pumped or otherwise forced into the boiler, in order to prevent incrustation
therein.
By this means great facility is afforded in changing the bark or other matter
when requisite. I also propose to place the vessel containing the bark or
other suitable matter between an elevated cistern and the boiler, so that the
water from the cistern may pass through the bark or other suitable matter
before entering the boiler.
CER- TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: rotection,
proceea with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1854.
I, WILLIAM HENRY SMITH, of Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, in the first place, in the use of a chair formed in two
parts, adapted to each other so as to form a kind of joint, the pressure of the
rail with the superincumbent weight causing the jaws or upper parts of the
chair to clip the rail firmly between them. In case it should be found desirable,
a wedge or spike may be inserted between the two parts of the chair, just
underneath the joint, for the purpose of keeping the parts of the chair closer
against the rail. The ordinary key may be dispensed with, and a strip of
yielding material may be inserted on one or both sides of the rail, or within a
recess formed in the inside of the chair. The chair may be cast hollow in the
base, if preferred. The chair may be formed on the principle above stated,
whether it be constructed so as to be fixed on a sleeper, or so as within itself to
combine both chair and sleeper resting directly upon the ballast.
My Invention consists, in the second place, in the use of a rail formed with
three or more heads or bearing surfaces, so that when one is worn the rail may
be turned and another presented for use. This rail may be of different forms

page_text: in the cross section, but I prefer it to be triangular, so that when one head or
bearing surface is in its position for bearing a train, the other two form a base
This rail may be constructed so as to be fixed in a chair, whether of the kind
above stated or other kind, or it may be fixed to either longitudinal or trans-
verse sleepers, or it may be constructed of greater surface so as to be laid on
or in the ballast without either chair or sleeper. It may be found desirable to
vary the sides of the rail from a plain surface.
And my Invention consists; in the third place, in forming openings in the
sides of such rails, or combined chairs and sleepers, to which the plan may be
applicable, and which are intended to be fixed in the ballast, the openings
being of sufficient size to admit the ordinary packing tool, so as to facilitate
the process of packing such rails or sleepers securely with the ballast.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THROWING OR TWISTING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Heiller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1854.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE HEILLER, Manufacturer, of Schelestadt, Town of the
French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THROWING OR TWISTING COTTON,
WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for object the throwing or twisting of cotton, silk, wool,
and other fibrous substances at one operation, by means of certain improved
machinery, shewn in the Drawing annexed.
The Drawing shews an end view of my machinery. a, a, are reels, of which
there may be two or more, which supply the threads. The threads unite in a
glass tube 6, inserted in the cross bar A; after this union of the threads they
pass into a vessel d, containing gum water or other like solution, from whence
they pass through a grip f, which, being lined with cloth or other like material,
removes any excess of gummy liquid they carry with them, and causes them to
adhere to each other. The threads next pass over the rollers or cylinders
g, h, which are of different diameters, and are wound several times round them.
These rollers offer a firm support for the two reverse motions which take place

page_text: upon the threads; for the threads which had received a twist in one direction
from the reels a, a, driven by the pulleys p, s,q, are subjected to an untwisting
motion or action by or through the reels m, m, driven by the pulleys and v,
and thus the threads when wound upon the wheels m are transformed into
a twist.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed were mo
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Callender Hinde at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1854.
I, THOMAS CALLENDER HINDE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant.and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE" to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in making ordnance or cannons of wrought iron
in the following manner, namely:-I take a plate of iron of suitable dimensions,
and bending the same into a cylindrical form, I weld the edges of the same
together by a lap or other suitable joint, so as to make a hollow cylinder.
That end of the cylinder which is intended for the breech end of the cannon
may be closed in any convenient manner. I use that kind of iron which is
sometimes used for the manufacture of steel, and which contains a small
quantity of manganese. The said iron possesses the property of becoming
hard by being heated to redness and quenched in water. After the cannon is
made, I harden it by heating and quenching it in water. Cannons made
according to my Invention are sounder than when made by the ordinary
process of piling or faggoting, and are so hard as not to be liable to enlarge-
ment of the bore by use.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Samson Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1854.
I, FREDERICK SAMSON THOMAS, of 17, Cornhill, City of London, and Hooks
Villa, Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain mechanical contrivances for the con-
struction of a wheel, having by its own mechanical construction the power to
commence and sustain a rotative movement, and applicable to convey such
movement to other machinery requiring motive power.
The construction of the wheel consists in forming therein certain arms or
chambers, upon or within which I place weighty balls or rollers or fluids, which
approach the periphery of the wheel upon the descending side, and the center
or nave of the wheel upon the ascending side;
the descending side, I provide the power by
sustains its own rotative movement.
and by the greater leverage on
which the wheel obtains and
IM- PROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY TUBES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elliott Brooks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1854.
I, WILLIAM ELLIOTT BROOKS, of Queen Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Frame Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY TUBES" to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in the application to the longitudinal valve of
atmospheric tubes of one or of two tubes of vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable elastic fabric or material containing air, water, or other liquid or fluid,
and which tube or tubes is or are so constructed and so adapted thereto and
so used in combination with a valve or covering of sufficient weight to compress
or partly compress the same, and so that, on the same tube or tubes being so
compressed, it or they will collapse or partly collapse, and render air-tight or
very nearly so the valve or longitudinal opening or openings into the interior of
the longitudinal tube; and also the raising the longitudinal valve of atmo-
spheric tubes by means of wheels or rollers or inclines, so connected with the
piston or piston frame as to allow of the necessary play of the piston and frame
without causing shocks or vibrations to the longitudinal valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Scott, of Basford, in the County of
Nottingham, Framesmith, and Thomas Rowland, also of Basford, in the
said County of Nottingham, Setter-up and Framesmith, for the Invention
Sealed the 17th August 1854, and dated the 15th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Scott and
Thomas Rowland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th May 1854.
We, RICHARD SCOTT, of Basford, in the County of Nottingham, Frame-
smith, and THOMAS ROWLAND, also of Basford, in the said County of Notting-
ham, Setter-up and Framesmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
KNITTED FABRICS" to be as follows:-
Our improved machine for making knitted fabrics is applicable to machines
worked by manual or steam power. We use fixed frame or machine needles
and sinkers, moving in the usual or ordinary way, having plates cast in the
same leads. The slur cock jacks and presser bar are dispensed with, and the
loop is partly formed by lifters worked by a revolving cylinder, having one or
more curved plates screwed diagonally on its circumference. The thread is
laid across the needles by a traversing guide in the usual way, and the whole
forms a complete machine.