matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Comte Camille Cavalli de St.
Germain at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th August 1858.
I, Comte CAMILLE CAVILLI DE ST. GERMAIN, of Piedmont, Ex-Officier
d'Artillerie Sarde, and of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH," to be
as follows:-
In my Patent dated March 6th, 1858, I described a process of making
starch by using acetic acid. This Invention consists in a further development
of the process by using acetic acid or chlorhydric acid, either seperately or
combined with rennet, pepsine, gasterase (a substance recently discovered or
prepared by the French chemist Payen,) or with an infusion of the urinary
bladders of animals mixed with the required quantity of water, warm water by
preference. Or, instead of the acid or acids, the biphosphate of lime may be
mixed with the before-named substances; in the liquor thus obtained is put
the material from which the rice is to be made and slowly stirred. I prefer
to perform the operation in a warm state, say at least 15° centigrade, as the
solution of the gluten will then be effected in about three hours, but if the
heat be raised to 30° centigrade the operation will be completed in much
less time.
A DOMESTIC BELL TELEGRAPH
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Charles Hobbs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1858.
I, ALFRED CHARLES HOBBS, of No. 76, Cheapside, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A DOMESTIC BELL TELEGRAPH,"
to be as follows:-
It consists of an apparatus, operated by an electric current, for disclosing
the number of a room or other signal to which attention is required, at the
same time the notice of the attendant is attracted by the striking of a bell.
It is intended to take the place of the ordinary modes of communication in
hotels, public buildings, ships, &c.
In mentioning one of the various modes of arranging an apparatus, I do not
intend to limit myself in its details.
A button in the room to which the main wire from the battery is connected
being pressed to its seat, the current before broken is continued through its
special wire, which passes over its own horseshoe or other electro-magnet;
this then attracts its armature from its previous position, where, by means of
a pin or other device attached to it, a shield is prevented from falling of
its own gravity; the pin thus withdrawn, the shield falls and discloses the
number or signal. The current is then continued along the wire to a horse-
shoe or other electro-magnet which is common to all the wires, attracts its

page_text: armature, to which is attached a device for ringing or striking the bell, at the
same time completing the circuit.
I do not claim any mode of operating the bell as a signal by means of an
electric current, but what I do claim is the connection of each room of the
building by its special wire with suitable devices operated by an electric
current through electro-magnets, by which its number or other signal shall
be disclosed to the attendant when the electric circuit is made by the occupant
of the room, at the same time that the bell is sounded by said current.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONERY
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
January 1858.
I, JOHN MACINTOSH, of the City of Aberdeen, North Britain, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONERY,"
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of what are known
in the confectionery trade as "pan goods," the entire mechanical action neces-
sary for the proper shaping of the articles in the pan or apparatus being
produced purely and solely by the mere rotation of the primary driving gear-
ing under one modification of machinery or apparatus, by means of which
these improvements are practically carried out; the parts consists of a short
vertical stationery spindle on which is entered and hung to revolve freely a
vertical holding frame. To the lower end of this frame is attached a hori-
zontal bevil wheel in gear with a bevil pinion on a horizontal driving shaft
communicating with the prime mover. The upper part of this frame is
expanded into a circular, inclined, and recessed shallow dish or holder for
holding the actual pan, which is steam-heated by a jacket in the usual way.
Within this shallow frame are set a series of studs carrying grooved guide
pulleys to serve a free supports for the pan. The pan is an oblate spheroid

page_text: in form with an open top, and it has on its lower side a neck with a convex
ring upon it to fit to the supporting pulleys. Attached by one end to the
side of the pan is a lateral arm, the free outer end of which works in a
vertical groove or fixed guide independent of the machine. The action of
this apparatus is, that as the carrying frame is caused to revolve its revolution
tends to cause the rotation of the pan, but the latter is restricted from rotatory
action by the lateral arm, which however can work freely up and down
the vertical groove. In this way althought he pan does not really revolve, it
receives a peculiarly powerful differential action, which rolls the articles in the
pan to all sides in the most complete manner, and thus the articles are well
shaped with great rapidity and accuracy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CHEQUES AND SUCH LIKE DOCUMENTS, AND IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING FORGERY OR SURREPTITIOUS ALTERATIONS
Year: 1858

page_text: tection,
notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Oliver Duke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1858.
I, THOMAS OLIVER DUKE, of Kennington, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CHEQUES AND SUCH LIKE
DOCUMENTS, AND IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING FORGERY OR SURREPTITIOUS
ALTERATIONS," to be as follows :-
Whereas, the "crossing" of cheques by means of lines, and the insertion of
the words "& Co.," or the name of the bank or banking firm has recently
been legislated upon, and the refusal by the banker upon whom the cheque or
draft is drawn to pay an open crossed cheque or draft for money, unless to or
through a banker has been justified by Act of Parliament. Moreover the
payment by a banker, upon whom a cheque or draft is drawn, and which
cheque or draft has been "specially crossed through a particular bank, if
such cheque or draft shall not have been passed through the hands of or being
presented directly by the bank through which it has been specially crossed, is
now at the sole risk, peril, loss, and cost of the banker so paying it, unless it
can be distinctly proved that the words and lines written on the cheque or
draft, and operating as a crossing thereof have been perfectly removed, so as.
fully and fairly to lead to the conclusion that the cheque or draft has never
been "crossed," in which case the banker payer is not liable for the loss of the
money or sum so paid.

page_text: Now, as it is well known that all writing fluids may be acted upon chemically
and that words or marks written or printed in ink may be discharged or re-
moved from paper, the present Invention relates to the substitution of other
and more effectual means for crossing cheques, drafts, and such like documents,
and for so marking, preparing, or cancelling them, as to prevent any change in
the character of such documents being fraudulently changed or effected surrep-
titiously. And I effect this in the manner hereafter described.
I am aware that postage and other labels and stamps, and also cheques and
such like documents are semi-divided by puncturing, for the purpose only of
facilitating their division or separation; but according to my Invention, I punch
out from documents pieces or a series of small pieces, punchings or cuttings.
according to any design, combination, or arrangement, which may be preferred
or deemed best suited to the object or to the taste or requirements of the person
using or employing this Invention; and as these openings cannot be replaced
or filled up without detection it affords a perfect means of preventing. the
tampering with crossed cheques, drafts, or such like documents.
In like manner I also prefer to employ the same means for endorsing,
stamping, specially marking, or obliterating such like. and other documents.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN THE FURNACES EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Maudslay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1858.
I, JOSEPH MAUDSLAY, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN THE FURNACES EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in imparting motion to molten iron by inclining the
bed of the furnace containing it, and causing the said bed to rotate by means
of any suitable motive machinery in order to improve the tenacity and fibrous-
quality of the iron by mixing or agitating it, and thus facilitating the escape of
its gaseous impurities.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTILLERY, ORDNANCE, AND SOME OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Porter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1858.
I, WILLIAM PORTER, of No. 9, Lansdowne Villas, Brompton, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTILLERY, ORDNANCE, AND SOME OTHER DESCRIPTIONS
OF FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a mode of giving rotary motion to a projectile
discharged from artillery, ordnance, and some other descriptions of fire-arms.
For this purpose I fix a stem or rod within the gun or fire-arm, extending
along the centre of its bore from the breech to the muzzle, or nearly so; this
stem or rod is securely fixed to the centre of the breech within the gun in any
convenient manner, and it is angular or oval; or it is made with longitudinal
grooves or ridges upon its exterior, of angular or other shapes, and I give to
the stem or rod a twisted or spiral form, or I cause such grooves or ridges
to be twisted or made spirally along the exterior of the stem from the breech
to the end, for the purpose of imparting rotary motion to a projectile passing
along it; or I make the stem or rod of any other form which will impart
rotary motion to the projectile on being discharged from the gun, according to
the degree of spirality given to such stem or rod. The projectile to be
discharged from a gun furnished with a stem of this description requires
to be perforated, and I make such projectiles with perforations which fit the

page_text: stem of the gun from which they are to be projected, so that the projectile in
passing along the stem must turn upon it to the same extent as the amount
of the twist of the stem or rod or of the grooves or ridges along the exterior
of such stem, and rotary motion is thus given to the projectile.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN SPINNING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: rotectio out ice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents,ith his Petition, on the 24th April 1858.-
Partly a communication.
I, JOHN LAWSON, of Leeds, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN SPINNING FLAX
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in spinning flax and other
fibrous substances, which improvements are applicable to those classes of
machines known as hot water spinning frames, and consists in supporting and
carrying the saddle with the pressing rollers by a pendant arm or arms in
place of employing the stands or supports projecting from the beam, as
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO SCREENING, WINNOWING, AND CORN- DRESSING MACHINES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sawney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1858.
I, WILLIAM SAWNEY, of Beverley, in the County of York, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO SCREENING, WINNOWING, AND CORN-
DRESSING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, in the first place, in adapting and applying to screens
a set of ratchet or other toothed wheels, for the purpose of producing a quick
tremulous motion of the screen. The wheels are mounted so as to admit of
the screen resting upon them, and there are pieces of steel or other metal
inserted on the under side of the screen frame, with inclined surfaces for the
teeth of the wheels to work against successively in such a manner as to raise
the screen by the passing of the tooth over the inclined surface, and to allow
it to drop when the tooth has quitted the same.
And my Invention consists, in the second place, in adapting and applying to
screens travelling brushes for the purpose of cleaning them while in use. The
brushes are inserted in rollers, the axes of which are connected to a travelling
endless chain on each side of the machine, the said axes being mounted in

page_text: grooved guides in the machine, or in such a manner as to allow the brushes
as they travel along to yield to the cross bars on the under side of the screen,
by the roller in which they are inserted being made to turn on coming in
contact therewith.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND ENGINE DRIVER ON RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William James Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1858.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM JAMES JOHNSON, of London, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND ENGINE DRIVER
ON RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
In carrying out this Invention, it is proposed to provide cach carriage
with a tube of india-rubber, or other suitable elastic material extending
along the top of tho said carriage, and so much longer than the carriage
itself, as to allow of each tube being connected to those upon the pre-
ceding and succeeding carriages, either by means of a screw, socket joint,
or an elastic socket joint, or other similar contrivance. Each of these
tubes is to be provided with one or more branches, extending downwards
into its respective carriage, and furnished with a suitable mouthpiece,
closed by a slide or valve. The outer end of the tube terminates in the
guard's box, and is furnished with a whistle. Any passenger desiring to
communicate with the guard, has merely to open the mouthpiece and call his
attention by blowing the whistle, and the guard upon learning the cause of the
alarm, communicates with the driver in a similar way; the end of the tube on
the leading carriage being connected with one on the tender, terminating in a
whistle for that purpose; or the end of the tube may be fitted with a piston
connected to the handle of the ordinary steam whistle. One of the chief

page_text: advantages of this arrangement is, that the guard can always ascertain
whether the alarm is in working order, previously to the starting of the train,
by signalling the driver from his box.
A NEW SYSTEM OF INFUSION APPARATUS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jozé Luis, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1858. A communication.
I, JOZE LUIS, Patent Agent, of No. 1", Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF INFUSION APPARATUS," (a communication to
me from a foreigner residing abroad) to be as follows:-
This system of apparatus is for the infusion of all sorts of ingredients, more
especially tea & coffee; it is founded on the following principles:-1st, the
elevation by means of vapour of a liquid from one vessel to the upper part of
another vessel, standing either on the former or at the side of it, and from
which the liquid falls down and sprinkles the ingredient that is to be infused
(tea or coffee, &c.); 2nd, the descent of the liquid from the second vessel
into the first, by the means of a tube placed in the first vessel, and ending at
its lower part with a valve, which opens of itself when the rising of the liquid
from the first vessel into the second is entirely finished; 3rd, the application
of one or two boxes with filters in the inside of the second vessel, one of them
for the ingredients to be infused, and the other to make use of the grounds;
4th, the arrangement also of the filter boxes, which contain not only a filter at
the bottom, but have also a peculier arrangement of filters on their vertical

page_text: sides; 5th, the application to the infusion apparatus of a water level indicator,
provided with a communicator with joints, which indicator can also be applied
to any system of vapour apparatus.
The principles which have just been mentionad furnish four different kinds
of apparatus; we will call the "first vessel," the one in which you pour the
liquid that is to be made use of for the infusion, and the "second vessel," the
one into which the liquid is raised by the steam.
The four different species of apparatus may be determined as follows:-
1°, infusion apparatus with two vessels placed one upon another, provided
with one single filter box in the second vessel, and with a water level indicator
having a communicator with joints fixed upon the first vessel.
2°, infusion apparatus with two vessels on one another, provided with two
filter boxes in the second vessel, and a water level indicator having a com-
municator with joints fixed upon the first vessel.
3°, infusion apparatus with two separated vessels standing at the side, one
of another, provided with filter boxes in the second vessels, and with a water-
level indicator having a communicator with joints fixed upon the first vessel.
4º, a water level indicator alone, which can be applied to any sort of steam
apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS FASTENINGS, AND IN ATTACHING DRESS FASTENINGS TO ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Old and Thomas Pendleton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 29th September 1858.
We, GEORGE OLD, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Warehouseman, and THOMAS PENDLETON, of Birmingham aforesaid, Hook and
Eye Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS FASTENINGS, AND IN ATTACHING DRESS FASTENINGS TO
ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a dress fastening for fastening gloves and other
articles of dress, and in constructing such dress fastenings as fasten after the
manner of the ordinary hook and eye, in such a manner that the same may be
readily attached to and detached from the articles of dress which they are
used to fasten, the said detachable fastenings being attached to articles of dress
in the manner herein-after explained.
Our improved fastening for fastening gloves, which said fastening may also be
used generally in place of a hook and eye, consists of two pieces of sheet
metal, each having a form somewhat resembling an anchor. The arms of one
part of the said fastening are bent a little upwards, and the arms of the other
part are bent a little downwards out of the plane of the sheet metal of which
they are made. When the said parts are attached to the parts of dress to be
fastened, the arms of one part may be engaged with or hooked to the arms
of the other part, and the two portions of the dress be held thereby together.

page_text: In constructing a dress fastening to be used in place of the ordinary hook and
eye, and capable of being readily attached and detached, we make that part of
the said fastening which acts as the hook of a form resembling the ordinary
hook, excepting that we make the loops by which the hook is attached larger
than they are ordinarily made, and make an enlargement or double bow between
the said loops and the body of the hook. In attaching this hook, we sew cord
or braid on the dress, in the line in which the hooks are to be placed, leaving
the said cord unsewn at the places where the hook is to be attached. The
hook is attached by being inserted under the loose parts of the cord, the loops
preventing it from passing from under the cord in one direction, and the
enlargement or bows making a gentle pressure necessary in removing the hook
by drawing it back. Instead of loops the hook may have straight arms to
prevent it from passing under the cord. This fastening may be made of sheet
metal, in which case the loops are situated in the same plane as the bent part
of the hook.
Instead of a continuous cord, a series of loops of cord may be employed.
The eye or other part of the fastening may be made so as to be attached in a
similar manner, but in general we only make and attach the hook part in the
manner described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Maurice Sautter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1858.-A communication from Denis Pierre Rodier,
resident at Monteaux, France.
I, GUSTAVE MAURICE SAUTTER, of No. 14, Boulevart Montmartre, in the
City of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in telegraphs, and the
improvements are more especially applicable to telegraphs for short distances,
such as from one part of a building to another. In a telegraph constructed
according to this Invention a wire is employed which passes over pulleys from
one place to another, and to each end of the wire a weight is attached, which
slides in a slot in a vertical fixed plate. On one side of the slot in each plate
are marked the letters of the alphabet and figures, and on the other side of
the slot a number of phrases that are most likely to be required. To each
weight two pointers are attached, one of which points to the letters and figures,
and the other to the phrases. The letters and phrases on one plate are
marked in the inverse order to that in which the letters and phrases are
marked on the other plate, and the length of the wire is adjusted so that
when one pointer points to a letter, or phrase on one plate the other pointer
points to the same letter or phrase on the other plate. In order to attract
attention, when it is desired to use the telegraph, another wire is employed, by
pulling which an alarum can be caused to sound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR STOP VALVES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Peddie How at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1858.
I, ANDREW PEDDIE How, of Mark Lane, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR STOP VALVES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting for the ordinary plug cock and the
single station valve or other equivalent valve contrivances at present in use, a
double bottom spindle valve (somewhat similar to the double beat valve), and
so constructing the shell of the cock or the valve case as to form the two
valve seats therein and the inlet and outlet passages by coreing the shell
casting.
By making a suitably large opening on the top side of the shell, a passage
is provided for the spindle with the two valve discs, the area of the upper. side.
of the lower valve dise being the same.or very nearly the same as the area of
the under side of the upper valve disc, the opening through the upper valve
seat being just sufficient to permit the lower valve disc to pass through it,
and when the passage way of the cock or stop valve is closed,.the two valve
discs rest upon and accurately fit their respective seats.. The opening at
top of the shell of the valve or the valve case may be closed by a screw cap,
or a close fitting bonnet or cover having a stuffing box or gland through which
the upper end of the valve spindle, whether it be plain or screwed, may turn

page_text: or work for the purpose of opening or closing the valve, and any suitable
handle or lever may be attached thereto..
Cocks or stop valves thus constructed require but a very slight power to
open or close them against very heavy pressures, the pressure on the valves
being balanced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOPORTES
Year: 1858

page_text: This invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Samuel Witton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1858.
I, DAVID SAMUEL WITTON, of 30, Tibberton Square, Lower Road, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOPORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pianofortes; for these
purposes each string is wound round and fastened to a lever which is formed
with a projecting curved surface, on which the string rests. The lever is
formed in such manner as to move on one end, which rests on a ridge or pro-.
jecting plate which is fixed to another plate at the upper part of the pianoforte,
and into which the tuning screw enters.and screws. Through the lever a
tapering slot is formed for the passage of the tuning screw, on which screw
there is formed a collar or shoulder, between which and the lever a washer is
introduced. The above arrangement is applicable for upright pianofortes,
but a like arrangement somewhat modified is also applicable for horizontal
pianofortes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PATTERN SURFACES OR CARDS OF JACQUARD APPARATUS
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
was not given within the time prescribed
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April 1858.-
A communication.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PATTERN SURFACES OR CARDS OF JACQUARD
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render the use of paper of any kind
practicable and easy to be substituted for laced cards, and this without making
any change in jacquard apparatus, no matter what may be the system of its
construction. The paper is previously cut out and pierced like the cards by
the same processes and with the same instruments, which in no way changes
the pattern or reading. Each of these pieces of pierced paper corresponding
to each weft of the material, and numbered like the cards, does not undergo
like these latter the operation of lacing in order to form the continuous' chain
which presents a new card to each weft. In this system the continuous chain
is formed by a series of sheaths or cases of a determined number, these
sheaths are composed of two pieces of paper mounted on cloth united at three
edges, the fourth edge not being closed serves as an opening or inlet for
introducing or withdrawing the pierced papers into or from the sheath. These
two papers or sheaths are pierced with the same number of holes as the roller

page_text: of the jacquard apparatus, and have besides the holes for the pedonnes or
driving pegs; all the sheaths are laced or joined by small pegs glued to their
exterior face; they work with the apparatus in the same manner and in the
same position as the ordinary cards. In order to use the pieces of paper on
which the design is pierced, they are introduced successively in proper order
one into each sheath, the holes of which correspond with those of the paper.
The work is then continued as with an ordinary design. The driving &
registering action of the pedonnes or driving pegs being exerted on the sheath,
the paper is not worn by them. The pressure of the needles takes effect on
small surfaces supported by the unpierced parts of the sheaths, thus giving the
necessary support to the paper. When it is wished to change a design, the
squares of paper pierced with a design are replaced by others in proper order
in their sheaths without changing the chain of laced sheaths; the design may
even be changed without removing the chain of sheaths from the jacquard
apparatus.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CRUET AND LIQUEUR STANDS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wheatcroft Harrison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1858.
I, WILLIAM WHEATCROFT HARRISON, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN CRUET AND LIQUEUR STANDS," to be as follows:-
This improvement in cruet and liqueur stands is intended to effect an
economy in the manufacture, and an improvement in the appearance of such
stands, and consists principally in forming such stands with an open frame of
silver, or other metal or alloy, or combination of metals, and filling in such
frame with sides or panels of glass, porcelain, or earthenware, instead of
making such sides or panels of solid or perforated metal, as hitherto practised.
The glass, porcelain, or earthenware sides or panels may be plain, or they may
be ground, stained, engraved, painted, or otherwise ornamented, and the forms,
patterns, and colors of the same may be varied to any extent to suit the taste,
without departing from the main feature of the Invention, which consists in
the application or adaptation of sides or panels of glass, porcelain, or earthen-
ware to such stands, instead of making them of silver, or other metal or alloy,
or combination of metals, as hitherto practised.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wheatley Giles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1858.
I, JOHN WHEATLEY GILES, of Sydney, New South Wales, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLING VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
For
This Invention has for its object an improvement in propelling vessels, and
consists in a mode of applying screw or submerged propellers to vessels.
this purpose in place of applying such a propeller to a vessel as heretofore,
it is applied at or about the centre of gravity of the vessel, the shaft of the
propeller being at an angle to the keel, and by preference at or about an
an angle of 45° to the horizon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING HORSES FROM CARRIAGES IN CASES OF ACCIDENT
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cowan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1858.
I, WILLIAM COWAN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING HORSES FROM
CARRIAGES IN CASES OF ACCIDENT," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to simple and efficient mechanical means, whereby
horses may be instantaneously disengaged and entirely freed from the carriages
or vehicles to which they are harnessed, when such accidents as running away,
kicking, or other dangerous casualties arise. According to one modification of
apparatus, by means of which this Invention may be carried out in practice,
there is fitted up in the centre of the front of the vehicle a vertical lever, set
upon a stud centre, low down, and arranged so as to have a transverse
vibratory traverse. This lever may be conveniently carried either inside or
outside the front splash board or guard. It has, at its lower end, a segmental
toothed rack in gear with a transverse horizontal rack formed upon the actual
disengaging bar. Each end of this rack bar is formed with an underneath
elbow piece, terminating in a small stud. These terminal studs fit into the
double eyes usually formed upon the splinter and cross bars of carriages,

page_text: taking the place of the ordinary joint studs employed for connecting the shafts
to the bars for single harness work. And similarly for double harness they
fit into double eyes on the cross bar, to which the splinter bar for the traces is
attached by corresponding single eyes. In this way, whenever it is necessary
to disengage the horse or horses, the driver has merely to work the actuating
lever across from one side to the other, when the attaching studs are at once
traversed out of their eyes, and the shafts or splinter bar are released, allowing
the horse or horses to go freely away. To allow the pole in double harness to
get freely away also, provision is made for its simple attachment to the splinter
bar, so as to let both go together.
This general system of disengagement may be carried out in various other
ways, as, for example, by means of a plain lever working in a slot in the bar
to be released, or by a chain or strap pulley arrangement, but the arrange-
ment herein-before described is preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL LEGS AND ARMS
Year: 1858

page_text: SPECIF
Jeft by John Ashman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July 1858.
I, JOHN ASHMAN, of Oxford Street, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL LEGS AND ARMS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of constructing artificial limbs wholly or in
part of a new material, viz., of cloth or other textile fabric, cemented by glue
or other adhesive substance; 2dly, of covering certain portions of such limbs
with animal skin, to give to such parts the appearance of the natural skin;
3dly, of certain arrangements for actuating the joints of artificial limbs,
whereby they have given to them increased elasticity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING ALKALINE LEES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Deacon, of Widnes, in the County of
Lancaster, Alkali Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PURIFYING ALKALINE LEES."
Sealed the 18th June 1858, and dated the 9th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Deacon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1858.
I, HENRY DEACON, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Alkali
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING ALKALINE LEES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved process for purifying the liquors or
alkaline lees obtained in the manufacture of alkalies, such as soda and potash,
and consists in the application and use to and for such purifying purposes of
any mineral substance containing iron, preferring those substances known as
iron ores, the oxides of iron contained therein being the active agents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE- ARMS AND ORDNANCE, AND IN THE PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Rector Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1858.
I, PETER RECTOR SMITH, of the United States of America, of 2, Rue Ste
Appoline, Paris, (Empire of France, and 45, Essex Street, Strand, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-
ARMS AND ORDNANCE, AND IN THE PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in certain means of constructing the barrels
of fire-arms, which will make them last longer and prevent them from
bursting.
Secondly, in the use of certain pieces, which, added to the projectiles, will
give to the fire-arms, when smooth inside, the same advantages as the rifled ones.
One mode of constructing the barrels is as follows:-The inside part of the
barrels being of iron or steel, a long conical cylinder composed of several
metals is mounted upon it, and occupies nearly the whole length of the barrel.
Upon this cylinder are placed rings of two thicknesses screwed one with the
others, and placed in such a manner that the joints-of the rings of the first
thickness are covered by the centre of those of the second. The outside ring,

page_text: which corresponds to the place where the pivots are to be, is made with the
said pivots.
Another mode of constructing the barrels consists in casting the outside of
the barrel with pivots of cast iron, bronze, or any other metal, and after having
bored the inside, it receives a cylinder of steel, which has been prepared to fit
exactly the inside of the first part; and so as to fix securely the two parts
together, the one outside is heated before the steel cylinder is introduced in it,
the diameter of which is a little larger than the bore in the casting. By this
means the two parts in cooling are intimately united together. The touch-
hole is formed by a pin screwed in the two pieces, and in the centre of which
two holes are made, one in straight line and the other obliquely, and the
nipple which is to receive the percussion cap is placed upon one of the
said holes.
So as to do away with the helical rifling inside the fire-arms, I propose to
make use of certain directing pieces, which are composed of one bottom and
some inclined branches. The projectiles are furnished with grooves inclined
towards the axis. The said grooves are destined to receive the branches of
the directing pieces, which may be employed with projectiles of any shape, and
destined to any kind or any size of fire-arms. The directing pieces are made of
a metal softer than the one of which the fire-arms are made of, consequently,
the last named will not suffer by the friction which will be produced by the
departure of the projectile; and as the directing branches are inclined, the
projectiles will be forced helically, as with the rifled barrels, although the
barrels of my fire-arms and ordnance are perfectly smooth.
SORTING CORN BY ITS WEIGHT BY MEANS OF A SPECIAL MACHINE CALLED SPECIFIC CORN-SORTING MACHINE
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Waraksine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1858.
J, THEODORE WARAKSINE; of Russia, now residing at 185, Piccadilly, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "SORTING CORN BY ITS WEIGHT BY MEANS OF A SPECIAL MACHINE CALLED
SPECIFIC CORN-SORTING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
1st, the apparatus is composed of a drum containing in the interior five
wings, which are put in motion by a handle placed on the axle of the wheel,
and which acts upon a spring wheel, of which the diameter is equal to a fourth
part of that of the wheel. The number of turns given to the bandle may be
varied, but in order that the action of the machine be regular it is necessary
that during the whole operation the handle be turned with the same rapidity,
that is to say, with regularity. Thirty turns a minute is the number which
has been found most effacacious under ordinary circumstances. I would
observe that part of the drum is so constructed as to be detached at will.
2nd, in front of the drum is a chest the interior mantle of which is formed
by a plank in which the grain is placed. In raising this plank by means of a
screw the opening of the orifice can be regulated, by which the grain escapes.
3rd, in order that the grain may fall regularly a sort of rake with iron teeth is
placed in the interior of the chest spreading across a stop plank, and upheld

page_text: by a plane board; the rake receives a regular motion from the handle by
means of a lever which is regulated by a handle placed at the extremity of the
axle of the spring wheel.
4th, on falling from the orifice the grain encounters a current of air pro-
duced by the motion of the wings of the drum. The grain divides itself into
three sorts by the action of the moveable plane boards; the position of the
plane boards can be modified at will; they rise or fall from the action given to
the screws; in the place of the screws I employ to simplify perforated boards.
The screws or stop planks are placed in such a manner as not to interfere with
each other's action.
5th, the size of the machine varies from 2 feet 4 inches to 1 yard.
6th, use of the machine. This apparatus is calculated for the sorting of
grain into several sizes; when one wishes to extract a certain quantity of grain
from another determined quantity of grain, either for sowing or any other
purpose, one regulates beforehand the disposition of the planks by trying it on
a small quantity. For example, one places in the chest a small quantity of
grain, and one turns the screw planks until one obtains the different propor-
tions desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING WOOD
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1858.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of Ipswich, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
5 nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING WOOD," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preserving wood. For
these purposes the wood is either coated over or impregnated with a solution
of silicate of soda or potash, and then with a solution of chloride of calcium,
Oor with a solution of chloride, or other soluble acid, salt of iron, copper, zinc,
lead, or barium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1858

page_text: rovisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1858.-A communication.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, E.C., do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in employing compressed air
in combination with water for obtaining motive power, and in the apparatus
connected therewith. The engine or apparatus is composed of a framing
provided with wheels which run upon a railway; upon the framing is
mounted a receiver filled with compressed air by means of a pump; a pipe
from the receiver communicates with an air cylinder furnished with a slide
valve and piston; to the opposite end of the rod of this piston is fitted
another piston, working in a cylinder containing water. This cylinder is
furnished with a pipe for supplying it with water, and with a pipe connected
with the receiver. The pump is fitted with valves and a reservoir into which
the water in the pump is forced by the piston. The air is compressed in the
receiver by propelling the engine along the rails. When the receiver is

page_text: sufficiently charged, the compressed air is admitted into the air cylinder.
The piston placed at the other extremity of the rod and immersed in water
acts as a point of resistance to the first piston. In order to stop the engine,
the slide valve is closed, or the moveable frame is turned on its axis.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN STEREOSCOPE'S SLIDES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alfred Henry Dean at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1858.
I, GEORGE ALFRED HENRY DEAN, of 11, Ludgate Hill, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN STEREOSCOPE'S SLIDES," to be as follows, whereby the figures on the
slide may have movement and motion imparted to them. This is managed
by first taking your stereoscopic background, and then taking your figures or
groupings. The figures required to move are cut out and affixed in their
position on the slide by a shaft running at the back of slide with shafts or
arms passing through passages cut through the cardboard of slide, to which
arms or shafts the figures required to move are affixed by either wire, thread,
gum, paste, or any other adhesive or sticking substance; a mechanical
motion is thus obtained and given to the figures or groups of figures by the
shaft being pulled at will up or down, backwards or forwards.