IMPROVEMENTS IN THROSTLE FRAMES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1880. A communication
from abroad by Louis Victor René Ferouelle, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THROSTLE FRAMES." A communication from
abroad by Louis Victor René Ferouelle, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements in throstle frames employed in spinning,
and it consists in the use of a double spindle or twisting device in throstle frames
which admits of the continuous winding of the thread or yarn, and at the same
time imparts to it one, two, or more turns or twists for each revolution of the
twisting or torsion apparatus.
One of these spindles, which is arranged above the flyers, carries a helix, by
means of which the slipping or tension of the thread may be regulated according
to the number of turns of the helix. The same machine is also rendered capable of
making the highest numbers of thread, as no jorking action takes place, the thread
following a very regular course, and the friction being capable of being reduced to a
minimum by diminishing the number of turns of the helix, so as to only leave
the number of turns requisite to retain the thread in order that it may be twisted
by the spindle.
In order to enable the thread to slip over the spindle it is necessary to carry it
a certain number of times round the same, and as this is not practicable in the
case of spindles as ordinarily constructed, the spindle provided with a helix is
employed.
This spindle forming a projecting helix is provided on the upper side of a pulley
revolving on an inclined axis, which works in suitable bearings supported by the
frame of the machine.
The projecting portion or thread of the helix is convex or rounded, in order to
prevent the thread from riding over it, and retains the thread in the bottom of the
groove formed between the coils of such projecting portion of the said helix. The
base of the spindle is curved in an elliptic form in order that it may not become
entangled with the thread.
This spindle is constructed with curves, calculated in accordance with the object
in view, only admits of the required number of turns of the thread being wound

page_text: upon its helix. The spindle revolves in the opposite direction to the pitch of the
helix in order to give the desired torsion to the thread.
In order that the thread may slip over this helix whilst the latter revolves
without causing the thread to be wound round the base of the spindle, which is
scrowed into the centre of the actuating pulley, a conducting tube of glass or metal
is employed, passing through the pulley so as to intersect the axis of the latter, and
the thread is forced to pass through this tube.
The cylinder thus enables the thread to avoid the obstacle constituted by the
pulley and support of the spindle, and allows the thread to slip over the helix by
delivering it underneath the base of the spindle.
The thread or yarn being thus delivered in a continuous manner, whilst being at
the same time twisted by the spindle, is next wound on to a cop tube or bobbin.
For this purpose the apparatus is constructed on the principle of the ordinary flyer
frame with differential motion. A flyer is also employed, but is placed in an
inverted position. This flyer may revolve at the same speed as well as in the same
direction as the twisting apparatus, but has no ascending or descending motion;
the second or winding spindle on the other hand, which works in a footstep bearing
on a carrier, has an alternate ascending and descending motion imparted to it by
the said carrier, in order that the thread may be uniformly wound upon the cop
tube, as in ordinary flyer frames, or upon a bobbin.
The velocity of this spindle (which, as before mentioned, revolves in the samo
direction as the twisting apparatus) may be greater or less than that of the flyer,
according as it is desired to effect the taking up or copping action by the flyer, or
by the bobbin or cop.
By means of this flyer the torsion of the thread may be augmented from
"between the lower end-of-the-tube- in the twisting, apparatus and the eye of the
flyer.
By causing the winding spindle and flyer to revolve more rapidly than the spindle
of the twisting apparatus, it is evident that the torsion will be augmented in
proportion to the difference in the number of revolutions, so that when the flyer
and twisting apparatus make two thousand revolutions, for example, in the same
time the thread will be twisted two thousand times; and on the other hand, when
the twisting apparatus makes two thousand revolutions whilst the flyer and
winding spindle make four thousand, the twist will be double, that is to say, the
thread will be twisted four thousand times, whereas in this case the twisting
apparatus makes only two thousand revolutions. If on the other band the number of
revolutions performed by the winding spindle and flyer is reduced relatively to the
number, performed by the twisting apparatus, the number of twists will be
proportionately reduced, so that when the twisting apparatus makes two thousand
revolutions, for example, and the spindle and flyer only make one thousand in the
same time, one thousand of the twists will be neutralized, so that only one
thousand will be left in the thread for the reason hereinafter explained. It will be
observed that if the thread is held stationary on a level with the flyer underneath
the twisting apparatus, each revolution of the twisting apparatus gives one twist
to the part of the thread above the apparatus in ono direction, and one twist to the
part of the thread below the apparatus in the opposite direction simultaneously,
which neutralizes the former twist. The twisting apparatus thus produces two
twists in opposite directions, thereby rendering it necessary to employ the flyer
and drive it at the same speed as the twisting apparatus, in order to preserve the
torsion already imparted to the thread by the said apparatus.
The spindle in winding up the thread pulls it and causes it to slip along the
helix of the twisting apparatus.
The length and pitch of the helix is calculated with a view to enable the thread
to slip over it smoothly and without being strained. The belix is conical, it being
uniformly contracted from its base to the apex.
The tube hereinbefore referred to may be of glass or metal, and is as thin and
small as possible; the edges at the ends of the tube are formed with curved lips or

page_text: flanges to diminish the friction of the thread. The upper extremity of the tube is
retained by two plates bearing against the underside of the flange at the said
extremity and secured by screws. The lower extremity of the tube is secured by
similar means, and a small receptacle for oil is formed in the support to lubricate
the bearing carrying the boss of the pulley.
The winding spindle, hereinbefore referred to, carrying the bobbin or cop rests
upon a footstep bearing fixed to a carrier, as before mentioned, so that the usual
action of the flyer frames is reversed as the spindle ascends, and a part of the
mechanism ordinarily employed is thereby dispensed with. A pulley is soldered
on to the lower part of the spindle, and above this pulley a collar is also soldered to
the spindle and serves to support a collar board which is connected to the carrier.
The spindle also passes through a sleeve carrying a flyer, above which the spindle
carries a disc retained in position by two set screws, whereby the height of the disc
may be adjusted to the required level; this disc is provided on its upper side
with two projections on opposite sides of the spindle which engage with the bobbin
or cop tube.
The flyer is constructed with two steel arms provided at their extremities with
glass eyes through which the thread is caused to pass, the eyes being screwed or
soldered to the pulley of the flyer. This pulley is passed over the sleeve herein-
before referred to and is maintained in position by set screws, so as to form one
with and partake of the motion of the said sleeve, which is loose upon the spindle,
being supported vertically by collars resting upon collar boards or supports.
The sleeve acts as a support to the spindle with which it comes in contact at its
upper and lower extremities, only being provided at these points with internal
shoulders or flanges forming bearings.
If preferred, the sleeve may be stationary and the pulley allowed to revolve upon
it, but the arrangement first herein before described is preferable as it involves less
friction.
In order to cause the apparatus to work with greater precision toothed gearing
may be employed, or friction gear, if practicable.
The thread or yarn is conducted to the apparatus by pressing rollers and fluted
cylinders, and caused to engage with the helix. The thread then passes through
the tube and eye, whence it is wound on to the cop tube or bobbin by the differential
movement.