CERTAIN NEW COMBINATIONS OF GUTTA PERCHA WITH. OTHER MATERIALS AND THE METHOD OF APPLYING SHOW PAR ITT " PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to. John Wallace Duncan, of Grove End. Road,
St. John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the:
Invention of "CERTAIN NEW COMBINATIONS OF GUTTA PERCHA WITH.
OTHER MATERIALS AND THE METHOD OF APPLYING SHOW PAR ITT "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Wallace
Duncan; at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with.
his Petition, on the 14th April 1853:
I JOHN WALLACE DUNCAN of Grove End Road. St. John's Wood-
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN NEW
COMBINATIONS OF GUTTA PERCHA WITH OTHER MATERIALS AND THE METHOD.
OF APPLYING SUCH FOR USE." to be as follows:-.
The first part of my Invention has reference to compounding gutta
percha with Canada balsam or the balsam of the pinus balsamea or
that from the pinus larix or styrax, from the liquid amber styraciflua.
or other analagous balsams in such proportions and with or without
14939.-2. Wt. 13643..

page_text: certain proportions of shellac or other resinous or bituminous substances
according to the nature of the article to be cemented, so that the
compound will bear sufficient heat without decomposing or becoming
greasy on the surface. I employ this compound of gutta percha as a
cement for the adhesion of metals, stone, glass, earthenware, and other
rigid substances to like or dissimilar substances and also for sheet
gutta percha, its compounds, or manufactured. articles thereof, which I
prepare with..a coating or surface of this composition, which, when
heated will adhere to the article or surface required. I sometimes
combine metallic powders with this cement for very cold surfaces.
The balsams should be previously subjected to a high temperature
for a sufficient length of time to dispel the aqueous part..
Shellac or other hard resins. thought necessary should be dissolved
in the balsams, as a preparatory operation before the gutta percha is
introduced.
.I
may here remark that gutta percha has been before compounded
with gums resins and other substances for various objects, but in
these compounds, hitherto made or suggested when the articles are
subjected to the necessary high temperature for cementing them to
rigid substances a volatile oil is emitted upon the surface which pre-.
vents efficient adhesion. To obviate this defect of adhesion it is found
necessary to roughen or form holes or projections on the surfaces to
which the gutta percha is to be attached, or to use a solution to effect
adhesion.
.The second part of my Invention refers to preparing gutta percha
and its compounds in sheets or in manufactured articles with a face or
surface of the aforesaid cement which is applicable for cementing or
causing it to adhere to like or other substances.
The fourth part refers to the combination of the above cementing
substance with sheet copper; brass or other metal as an adhesive
surface for attaching such metals as may be required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,.
filed by the said John Wallace Duncan, in the Great Seal Patent
. Office, on the 14th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I
JOHN WALLACE DUNCAN of Grove End Road Saint John's Wood
in the County of Middlesex send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Fourteenth day of April in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me the said John Wallace Duncan Her special
licence that I the said John Wallace Duncan my executors, admini-
strators and assigns, or such others as I the said John Wallace
Duncan my executors, administrators and assigns, should at any time
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain, and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "CERTAIN NEW COMBINATIONS OF GUTTA PERCHA WITH OTHER MATERIAL,
AND THE METHOD OF APPLYING SUCH FOR USE" upon the condition (amongst
others) that I the said John Wallaco Duncan by an instrument in
writing under my hand and scal should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent;
NOW KNOW YE, that I the said John Wallace Duncan do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention and in what manner.
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof; reference being
had to the two sheets of drawings hereunto annexed and to the letters
and figures marked thereon that is to say,
My Invention consists of the manufacture of adhesive waterproof
cement of gutta percha and other matters herein-after specified for the

page_text: purpose of uniting securely flexible or fibrous materials or rigid sub-
stances when heated to the necessary degree joined and allowed to
cool. The component parts of the cement are varied according to the
rigid flexible or fibrous nature of the substance to be united, it also
refers to the preparation of sheet tubular and other forms suitable as
articles of commerce with a uniting or adhesive surface which may
be either partially or entirely coated with the adhesive matter which at
ordinary temperatures remains hard and inadhesive but by the appli-
cation of the requisite degree of heat it presents an adhesive surface
suitable for attaching to the desired object.
For uniting very thin sheet gutta percha or gum mudder to silk
or other fine fabrics I prepare my cement in the following proportions:
-Forty pounds of gutta percha Three parts caoutchoux three parts
shellac fourteen pȧrts Canada balsam or Venice turpentine thirty-five
parts of balsam from the liquid amber styraciflua or styrax four
parts of gum mastic and one part oxide of lead. I compound a
cement suitable for uniting sheet percha to leather, as for shoe soles
of fifty pounds of gutta percha forty parts of Venice turpentine four
parts of shellac one part of caoutchouc and five parts of the styrax
before mentioned.
For cementing and joining leather I compound a cement of sixty
parts of gutta percha ten parts of shellac, two parts of caoutchouc
twenty parts of Venice turpentine and eight parts of styrax.
A cement adapted for uniting wood or caulking ships I compose of
about fifty-five parts of gutta percha fifteen parts of shellac twenty-five
parts of Venice turpentine and five parts of pitch.
To unite rigid substances such as metals glass, stone and earthen-
ware I compound a cement of forty-five parts of gutta percha, twenty
parts of shellac five parts of gum mastic, half a part of oxide of load
three parts of styrax twenty-six and a half part of Venice turpentine
(mixing metallic powders) such as cast iron borings) with this cement
improves it for fixing iron railings.to stone work and such like purposes.
To cement and unite small particles of material such as leather
shavings, silk waste hair and the like I compound a cement of twenty
parts of caseum fifteen parts of glutin five parts of coagulated (or

page_text: livery) linseed oil, one part of tlie oxyde of lead twenty-five parts of
Venice turpentine and thirty-four parts of gutta percha. About eight
per cent. of gum ammoniacum may be introduced with advantage in
the cement instead of a like portion of the gluten.
The above proportions may be varied but those given I have found
to be the best for the several purposes described.
In compounding, these cements F proceed by heating the balsams to
the requisite degree for dissolving the harder gums which I then intro-
duce. The gums when dissolved in the balsams are then put into a ma-
chine with the gutta percha also heated and the other component parts.
in which the whole is thoroughly amalgamated by mastication. From
this machine it is expressed in a state suitable for use and may by its
agency be applied directly to the article to be coated with such cement
as described in the following descriptions of drawings.
When caseum or glutin forms a component part or parts of the.
cement it is preferable to combine such matters in the masticating
machine with the balsams alone without heat then introduce the
gutta percha in a heated plastic state and. thorougly blend and mas-
ticate the whole intimately together.
Fig. 1 Shect A represents an improved apparatus for combining
and masticating the several compounds before described which is also
applicable for distributing and applying the cements to the several
substances required. Figure 1 exhibits a longitudinal vertical section.
of the machine and Figure 2 a transverse vertical section of the same:
It consists of a double cylinder or casing A, A, in which two toothed
cylinders B, B, revolve: The cylinders B, B,. are furnished with. a.
number of teeth a, a, and are placed in such proximity that the
teeth a, a, of the one cylinder intersects: those of the other. The:
teeth a, a, are arranged in helical series around the cylinders B, B,
with sufficient spaces between each, that the teeth of the other cylinder:
may pass between and intersect each other. The several series of
teeth a, a, of one cylinder are arranged in opposite helices to that
of the several series on the other cylinder. The form of these teeth a, a,
as will be seen in Figure 2, and in the enlarged partial view Figure 3,.is
that of a quadrant with the curve advanced side of the tooth bevelled

page_text: to correspond with the rake of the helix. The external cylinder or
casing A, A, is double in order to the circulation of the steam or hot
water to keep the material in a plastic state while under operation
C, is the hopper to introduce the several materials, and D, is a dis-
charge orifice which may be varied according to the application of the
compounds. The rollers are geered together, and revolve in opposite
directions, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 2, which motion, by
reason of the direction of the helices, tend to force any matters intro-
duced at the hopper C, towards the discharge D. As before mentioned,
the balsams are heated to a temperature that will dissolve the gums
and are separately introduced into this masticating machine with the
gutta percha which is also heated to a plastic state. The masticator
bcing in motion the several ingredients are intimately combined and
amalgamated with each other. In order that the material under oper-
ation shall not be entirely carried round by the toothed cylinders rows
of stationary teeth or prongs b, b, are placed along the interior edge
or apex of the case between the cylinders. The materials in working
are carried round by the teeth a, a, but are stopped for the most part
by the teeth 6, 6 these are also furnished with inclined faces which
contribute to carrying the matters forward towards the discharge D.
The action of the rotating teeth is to comminute and thoroughly mix
up the several ingredients introduced by kneading amalgamating
and blending them together. To give time for the proper mastication
& elaboration of the materials the discharge orifice D should be
fitted with a slide or apparatus whereby to stop the discharge. Two
curved plates c, c, are fixed to each cylinder B, B, near the discharge
which embrace a considerable portion of the circumference these
plates work with their sides in close proximity to each other and
produce a greater discharge pressure than is produced by teeth a, a
In order to coat sheets of metal or other material it has simply to be
passed under the discharge orifice D, which is of a breadth equal to the
width of the material or coating of sheet required and so as to
discharge a given thickness of cement. Rollers d, d, d, are disposed for
carrying the material to be coated which when of a flexible or fibrous
character must be placed in close proximity or it may be received in a

page_text: suitable travelling slide. The cement being discharged in a semi-fluid
and heated state impinges on the material placed to receive it to
which it firmly adheres, the force of the discharge carries the receiving
material along and bringing forward fresh surface to be coated and so
distributing it over the entire length of material. In coating sheet
metals such as brass or copper it is necessary that they should be
heated to remove the film of aerial oxide before they approach the
discharge orifice taking care that the temperature is reduced below
that of the cement. In this manner woven fabrics, leather, and sheet
metals may be thus covered with a cementing surface adapted to the
character of the material to be so treated. In coating sole or band
leather with this cement I remove any loose or refuse portion in order
to present a good surface for adhesion.
Figure 4, in Sheet A, represents in vertical section a machine for
the manufacture of tubes or sheets of different plastic materials in
lamina. It consists of three series of concentric masticators into which
the different materials are conveyed by spouts 1, 2, 3, from the pre-
paratory machine last described.
These masticating machines are constructed on the principle of the
masticator shewn at Figure 1. Each masticator represented consists
of three concentric cylinders f, g, h. The inner cylinder f, of the
three is stationary and sustains the fixed prongs or teeth b, b, while
the outer cylinder 4, is fitted so as to rotate on f,y, as a centre and
carries the inoveable teeth of the next larger masticator. The middle
cylinder g, is simply to provide a space i, in which steam or hot water
circulates. The moving teeth of the centre masticator are arranged
helically round the shaft k, and are all formed as before described with
inclined advance edges to force down the materials introduced. The
whole sèries are similarly constructed and are each suitably geered
with the main driving shaft . The bed plate F, has concentric serics
of openings m, m, through which the plastic matters are expressed
and from which they are received in corresponding mouth pieces o, p, q,
which unite in such manner as to bring the several materials together
while plastic and cause them to combine and adhere together. By this
means a tube will be formed and delivered consisting of different
thicknesses of various plastic materils.

page_text: This machine may be so arranged that by omitting the inner masti-
cator a tube of metal-woven fabric or other material may be drawn
through the centre and the different materials expressed caused to con-
verge upon and adhere to it.
The machine is also suitable for the manufacture of sheets of gutta-
percha gum muddar or other plastic materials in lamina by simply
cutting the tube so formed or forming the circular discharge orifice
less than the entire circle. The several mouth pieces o, p, q, have space
for hot water or steam to circulate to keep up the heat of the matters
to the point of contact. The drawings will suggest the necessary
arrangement required for different purposes observing that when any
non-adhesive material is to form a part of the article manufactured a
cement must be expressed between any such materials that will not
otherwise. adhere.
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet A, represent a machine for manufacturing
sheets of plastic materials in lamina Figure 5. being an end eleva-
tion, and Figure 6 a lateral vertical section. It consists of three or
more cylinders H, I, K, whose plungers or pistons are attached
to a cross head L, depeuding from and actuated by the piston of a
steam cylinder M, which is raised or depressed according as a high
pressure of steam is admitted above or below the piston. The plastic
materials are introduced into cylinders H, I, K, by the tubes N, from
the masticator or masticators Figure 1 in which they are previously
prepared. This is effected during the up-stroke of the piston the com-
munication is of course stopped during the down-stroke. The cylinders
H, I, K, being thus fitted the downward pressure of the steam forces
the contents out through their several mouth pieces and so as to adhere
to each other by their own adhesive properties or by an adhesive cement
contained in the intermediate cylinder. The several cylinders and dis-
charge orifices are furnished with steam jackets. to maintain the
temperature. Instead of using steam pressure I sometimes employ
hydraulic pressure exerted by means of pumps on a hydraulic ram
placed in a position similar to the steam cylinder. In some respects
hydraulic pressure is preferable, as the great force required entails
the necessity of using a large steam cylinder for the purpose to admit
of a continuous supply of the various plastic matters forming the

page_text: combined sheet. two series of these machines may be united at the
delivery orifice and with a tap to shut off the communication with
either series of the forcing cylinders in order that one set may be
filling while the others are discharging thereby producing a continuous
band or sheet.
B, exhibits at Figure 7 a principle of machine for applying
cement for use to unite together wire gutta percha or gum madder,
textile fabric, metal strips or bands in concentric layers suitably inter-
posed to isolate and protect the wires and strip metal in the form of a
round manufactured rope suitable for conducting electricity for tele-
graph purposes. In this principle of machine the cement may be
applied to paper sheet metal or suitable textile fabric or other material
by uniting such in the form of round angular or other formed tubes
which may be cut into lengths for hat bodies cases boxes and other
articles.
This machine consists of one two three or more secondary masti-
cators as at P, R, S, into which similar or different materials are
conducted from the primary masticators. The materials are further
elaborated in P, R, and S, and expressed through suitable orifices at
bottom.
Figure 8 represents some of the lower parts of this machine
in plan. The above arrangement represents the coating a single
wire, as a centre. This wire is delivered from a coil T, mounted in
bearings supported and forced up by springs so as to keep the wire up
to the stop roller u, and so opposite the entrance orifice.
In passing
through the centre chamber of masticator the wire becomes coated
with cement and thence through the material of the outer chamber a
coating of which also adheres to the cement the thickness of both
being regulated by their respective orifices from which they emerge as
will be readily understood. Another coating of cement may be thus
applied or the last may be of an adhesive character in order to prepare
it for the succeeding coat. U, is a coil of sheet metal or it may be
textile or other suitable fabric of a proper width to envelope the figure Y,
expressed from S. In order that this material may surround Y, and the
edges thereof lap the ingress aperture is fitted with a volute apperture

page_text: or cone-piece V, cross sections of which are shewn at V1, V2. The sheet
material is received at the segmental mouth V!, by which it is gradually
contracted and curved until the circle is completed and the edges of
the material have a sufficient lap for the purpose. The core piece Y, first
produced passed through the centre of volute mouth piece V, receives
the sheet metal or fabric which adheres to it and then enters the cement
chamber as in the case of the wire t, the surface becomes coated with
cement or other plastic material when it emerges from the apertures at
which those substances are expressed. W, is another coil of strip metal
or other sheet of material with which to further envelope and encase
the article under manufacture. The bearings of these several coils are
carried by springs and pressed up to stop rollers to maintain the
delivery at a uniform height. When metal strip is applied it should be
heated by gas jets or otherwise in order that it may curve easily it
should however be partially cooled by a circulation of water just before
it receives the coating of plastic material. X, X, are four rollers
driven at an uniform rate of motion the groved peripheries of which
form a circle and converge towards and embrace the manufactured
rope to draw it through the several processes and thereby facilitate
the manufacture.
Various combinations of materials may be thus effected and as
exhibited for example in cross sections at Figures 9, 10 and 11.
Figure 9, represents several wires occupying the centre which are
severally coated and enveloped in sheet metal or other material which
must be effected at a previous operation. The seven wires so prepared
are introduced to the masticator chamber S at seven holes suitably
disposed and are coated and combined in one rope which is further
covered by concentric strips of metal or other material as described
and shewn at Fig. 9.
Fig. 10, shews a tube of metal and cementing materials in concentric
lamina. The tube first introduced at S if of flexible material must
pass through the expressing chamber on a core to sustain it until it
acquires sufficient solidity and firmness to sustain the pressure of
applying additional coatings.
Fig. 11, represents a transverse section of a laminated structure of

page_text: flexible materials suitable for driving straps and other like articles.
This may be produced in the machine Fig. 7 by forming a tube therein
with an internal coating of cement. For this purpose the interior of
the tube is produced by a sheet or strip of textile fabric previously
coated with cement on its intended interior surface which strip is
delivered from core as before shown and entering a volute mouth-
piece as at V is carried through the plastic material on a core which
resists the pressure of the expression chamber S. A sufficient number
of layers having been applied the tube is passed through a pair of
rollers in lieu of four rollers X X which pair of rollers draw it through
and at the same time press it into a flat band. The tube being warm
the pressure of the rollers cause the internal coating of cement to
adhere and remain a flat solid mass. The section Fig. 11 shews
the tube as only partially collapsed and to more clearly exhibit the
construction.
Tubing of gum muddar or gum muddar in suitable combination
with caoutouch a gutter percha may be used in the manufacture of
spinning roller covers or bosses in combination with concentric layers
of sheet metal or textile fabrics or leather as before described and
with an interior coating of cement for attaching the rollers which are
heated in order to effect the adhesion. Gutta percha or gum muddar
in sheet combined with layers of sheet metal textile fabric or leather
suitably cemented together is adapted as a foundation or backing for
carding or fine combing teeth. The foregoing cements are also useful
for attaching the cards to their cylinders.
In witness whereof I the said John Wallace Duncan have here-
unto set my hand and seal this Fourteenth day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOHN WALLACE DUNCAN. (L.S.)
Witness WILLIAM CLARK.