Improvements in Printing Telegraphs.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1892-Accepted. 11th Mar.. 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Telegraphs.
A. communication from abroad by CHARLES LUMAN BUCKINGHAM, of
195, Broadway, New York, State of New York, U.S.A., Lawyer.
I WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention consists of an improved telegraph system in which messages are
automatically transmitted through the medium of strips of perforated paper, and
received by a printing machine in Roman or other typographical characters, the
transmission whether one or more, for each character of a message, being effected
within the time required to single impulse over the main line.
employ an improved printing machine, in itself new, in which the type wheel
is positively rotated by a series of independent impelling devices, each being provided
with a driver and follower, and through them possessing a definite capacity for
positively rotating.or pushing the type-wheel into a position of adjustment for
printing. And while such capacities or ranges of action are preferably repre
sented by the terms of the series one, two, four, eight, sixteen, etc., I wish it to be
understood that I do not in any wise limit my invention to such perforations.
::
Normally the drivers which alternate with the followers throughout the series,'
together, form a rigid connection or shaft from the type-wheel to the last driver i
of the system. Each driver, however, is capable of independent movement and is
so geared with the followers on either side that the part of the shaft towards the
type-wheel is given rotation by positive action, while the other part is left
unmoved. It results from this construction that the type-wheel may be given a...
certain degree of rotation or movement by one impelling device, and an additional
movement by one or more of the others, when brought into action either
simultaneously or successively, and thus it is that the type-wheel may be moved
a distance by the conjoint action of two or more of the impelling devices equal to
the sum of the spaces through which it is actuated by them separately.
信
Obviously the part of my invention relating to the printing machine is not
limited to specific forms of apparatus, for any one of a large variety of arrange-
iments may be employed in which a driver will positively actuate the driven and
succeeding parts on the type-wheel side, leaving the drivers and followers on the
other unmoved. The serial impelling devices may be operated by a series of
receiving instruments placed in a single main line through the agency of the many
known systems of simultaneous transmission. By this means, all or any number of
the impelling devices may be operated at the same time, as is ordinarily done in
multiple telegraphy, and the type-wheel given any desired degree of rotation, all
within the time required for transmitting a single impulse. But if desired each :
receiving instrument may be operated by a separate main line, or two or more..
receivers may be placed in one of several circuits. In carrying out my invention,
prefer to employ five receiving instruments and a like number of impelling
devices, having capacities, respectively, for rotating the type-wheel through spaces 1.
equal to one, two, four, eight and sixteen characters upon its periphery, they being
alapted to the operation of a type-wheel having thirty two divisions. With this
arrangement, every division of the type-wheel may be brought into position for o
an impression by operating the impelling devices either singly, in minor com-.
binations, or all together; and in no case will it be necessary to call into action
any of them more than once to adjust the wheel for printing, since the distance.

page_text: from the initial or zero point of the wheel to any character is represented by the
rotation due to the single action of some one or more of said devices.
My invention further consists of a type-wheel having three or more (preferably
four) rings of type in combination with apparatus for adjusting it in one direction
or the other from an intermediate position along its axis it also consists of
improved means for rotating the type-wheel to the right or the left from its
initial point according to the character to be printed, thus rendering its complete
rotation unnecessary; it also consists of an improved arrangement of apparatus
for printing so as to increase the speed of operation and secure other advantages
and in various details of construction fully described in the following Specification.
Fig.1, is a perspective view showing my preferred form of receiving instrument.
Fig. 2, shows a diagram of circuits and the arrangement of magnets at both
stations of my system, also press mechanism and paper feeding devices.
Fig. 3, shows several developments of the type-wheel and the characters thereon
which are brought into position for printing by the various receiving magnets when
operated singly, altogether and in minor combinations.
Fig. 4, illustrates a type-wheel having only one ring of type with impelling
devices and other apparatus for positively effecting its rotation.
Fig. 5, shows a modified form of impelling device and driver for rotating the
type-wheel.
Eigs: 6, 7, 8, 9, show modified forms of apparatus for positively rotating the
type-wheel to any required position by the single action of one or several impelling
devices.
1
Figs. 10, 11, 12, 124, and 13, illustrate a preferred method of printing.
Fig. 4, shows a wheel T, W, having a single ring of type, and mechanism for
rotating the same consisting of a series of impelling devices F, G, H, I, J, a series
of axially moving drivers, a, b, c, d, e, and a series of rotating followers f, g, h, i, j,
with which the drivers engage. Each of the drivers is provided near its middle
with a collar having a peripheral groove within which project pins extending from
the prongs of the impelling device by which it is operated, while at each end
excepting driver a, it is provided with a radial pin. That one of the pins nearest
the type-wheel works within a spiral groove formed in the shell of the adjoining
follower, and the pin at the other end of the driver slides within the longitudinal
slot of the preceding follower. Driver a, being provided with an axial slot engaging
with a feather of the bearing k, is rendered incapable of rotation, and only has
capacity for longitudinal or axial movement; likewise rotating followers f, g, h,,,
are provided with peripheral grooves which prevent axial movement along their
respective journal bearings, l, m, n, o, p. Throughout the series, the slots in each
follower are twice the length of those of the preceding one, and by them the range of
movement of the corresponding impelling device and driver is limited, and thus they
are given ranges of action represented by the terms of the series one, two, four,
eight and sixteen. It will now be seen that the operation of impelling device F,
imparts only an axial movement to driver a, and a rotary movement to follower,
and. with it type-wheel T, W, and all intermediate parts, thus rotating the type-
wheel from its initial point the space of one letter. By the operation of impelling
device G, by itself, driver, is given an axial movement twice as great as that
previously imparted to a, thereby rotating the follower g, and the type-wheel the
space of two characters; but while the axial movement of driver b, serves to
rotate follower follower remains unmoved. In like manner the axial move-
ment of driver c, rotates follower, and the type-wheel as well, four spaces, at the
same time. leaving follower y, quiescent. Driver d, when separately moved by its
impelling device, rotates follower i, the space of eight letters without moving
follower h, while follower j, is rotated sixteen spaces by driver e, without disturbing
follower. But it is in no manner essential that the impelling devices be operated
singly or successively, for they may equally well be simultaneously brought into
action in twos, threes; fours or all together. If any two are simultaneously
operated, it is now clear that the movement imparted by, one will supplement that
9:

page_text: of the other, and that the angle of rotation. imparted to the wheel by their
simultaneous action will equal the sum of the movements due to them when worked
singly; and the same is true whatever the number of impelling devices simultaneously
operated..
With the five impelling devices already described, and a type-wheel having thirty-
two spaces, the latter may be thrown to any desired position by the single action
of one or more of them; and it is also to be observed that while, the wheel is
adjusted to any required position at a single bound under the single action of one
or by the simultaneous operation of two or more impelling devices, it is also
returned to its zero or initial position by one movement through the retracting
devices acting in opposition to magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, after an impression has been
taken.
I
From the foregoing it will be seen that the mechanism for determining the
movement of the type-wheel is greatly simplified over existing apparatus for
accomplishing the same result, and is practically limited to the form and space of
an ordinary shaft, it being made up in Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, of sleeves, f, g, h, i, j, and
rods a, b, c, d, e.
In the modification shown in Fig. 6, the drivers a, b, c, etc., are not of rod form,
but, like the rotary followers in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, are sleeves, each having a spiral
groove near one end and a lengthened slot at the other. These sleeves, however,
are not limited to rotary movement; they, like the rod formed drivers of preceding
figures, have varying ranges of axial motion. In this case sleeves are substituted
for the rods shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, and rods for sleeves.
Fig. 7, shows a central shaft a, supported in bearings k, o, at its ends which
serves as the first driver of the system, and a series of superposed sleeves b, c, d, e, f,
upon the outer one of which is placed a type-wheel, (the latter having for the
purposes of illustration, only eight characters). Sleeves b, d, and f, are provided
with grooved journals resting in bearings l, m, n, to prevent axial movement, and
at one end are also provided with spiral slots, as in Fig. 4, within which work
radial pins of shaft a, and sleeves c and e. Also sleeves c,. and C, have longitudinal
slots at their opposite ends within which radial pins from band d, project. From
the foregoing it will be seen that axial movement imparted to the drivers a,c, e, will
positively and in turn impart rotation to their respective followers b, d, f, and the
type-wheel, precisely as in Fig. 4.
In Fig. 8, each driver is joined to the follower to which it is designed that, it
C and
shall impart. rotation, by a link gearing or connection. For example, driver
follower h, are joined by means of link q, and radial armis, 81, as shown. The
radial arms and link are joined by ordinary ball and socket joints to permit free
movement, while to insure rotation of the follower in the right direction, arm, is
given a normal position slightly in advance of arms; and where considerable
rotation is to be imparted to a follower, linky, should be curved to prevent its
binding against the shaft of the driver. The driver is connected to the follower at
its other end by a pin and longitudinal slot as shown, and as illustrated in Figs. 1
and 4.
Fig. 9, shows a modification in which two series of discs b, c, d, and f, g, h, are
placed upon a central shaft a, the latter being feathered as far as b, thus preventing
its rotation in bearing k, and the rotation of b, thereon. Discs b, c, d, forming the
drivers have only axial movement under the action of impelling devices F, G, H,
while followers f, g, h, cannot be thus moved, they only being capable of rotation.
If any disc or driver, is pushed along its axis, the force thus imparted through the
slightly inclined rod v, imparts movement to the next follower towards the type-
wheel. The rod u, is joined to the discs at either end by ball and socket joints.
Each driver, however, is connected to the preceding follower by parallel rods upon
which the former may freely slide thus enabling its axial movement without turning
or disturbing the latter.
In Fig. 5, an armature lever and friction collar. upon the driver, as shown in
Figs. 1 and 4, are dispensed with, the armature a', in this case being made a part of

page_text: the driver. The armature is normally held out of the hollow, magnet R', by means
of a spiral spring. 2.
11003 YG
.If.
These modifications, though specifically unlike the apparatus of Figs: 1'and 4,
are nevertheless equally within the meaning of my invention, as are a great number
of other forms which will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. It
is only necessary, to comply with the principal requirements of my invention, to
“employ a series of drivers and followers in such manner that 'the drivers may be
independently operated, and that the operation of each driver shall rotate the type-
'wheel and intermediate parts, on one side, leaving those on the other undisturbed.
As already stated magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, may be operated by separate main lines,
or two or more may be placed in one line. An important part of the present
invention, however, is a system in which all of the receiving instruments are
operated and controlled by a single main line.. To this end I make use of any of
the several multiple telegraph systems now known by which five or more signals
may be simultaneously transmitted over one wire in the same direction. I have
shown in Fig. 2, (for the purpose of illustration, merely, and without intending to
indicate that only this arrangement may be used or that the harmonic is indis-
pensable,) one form of multiple telegraph for carrying out my invention in which
four harmonic tones and one ordinary Morse transmission are used. The inessage
is perforated upon a strip of paper, each character being formed by one or more
perforations upon a transverse line. Perforations are made in five longitudinal
rows on the paper, and as it passes over a conducting roller A, the five metallic
fingers mounted upon insulated support C, fall within the perforations thereby
making contact with the cylinders. But it is seldom that more than one or two
fingers come in contact with the cylinder at once. From main line L, there are
five branches, e, f, g, h,, connecting respectively with the metallic fingers, four
of which include constantly vibrating harmonic circuit breakers, having rates of
vibrations materially differing one with the others, and when the metallic fingers
make contact with A, through the perforations of the paper, tones according to the
vibrator brought into circuit, are transmitted over the main line from battery B,
one pole of which is connected to earth E. The barmonic circuit breakers being
similar in construction and only different in respect to pitch, are illustrated in a
general way in Fig. 2, of the drawing. Referring to one by way of example, a
permanent magnet M, is provided with an electro-magnet E M, at one pole, while
the other carries a spring u. The free pole of the permanent magnet, through its
"elasticity, at first assumes a back position and closes a local circuit at O', including
battery B and the coil of magnet E M., But contact at o', then broken by the
attractive force of E M, and in turn 'the electro-magnet is deinagnetized when
contact at o; is again established: In this manner vibration of u', is automatically
maintained and branch e, rapidly opened and' closed.
At the receiving station; U, is an ordinary Morse relay which responds.only to
Morse currents sent to line when the uppermost finger of the transmitter comes in
contact with the surface of the metallic cylinder A. V, however, is so constructed
as to respond only to the harmonic tone sent by the vibrator in branch when the
second finger. makes contact through the second row of perforations. Likewise,
receivers W, X, Y, respond respectively and exclusively to harmonic vibrations'
set up in branches g', f', 'e'.
Armature levers F, G, H, I, J; are operated by magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and these
in turn are respectively controlled by receiving instruments U, V, W, X, Y,
"U, being a Morse relay, controlling the local circuit of 1; in the usual manner.
The harmonic relays, however, control the action of magnets 2, 3, 4, 5, as is shown
in detail in connection with v. 'This 'relay specifically consists of permanent
magnet, having a soft iron core surrounded with a main line coil at one pole, and
a vibrating armature bar ; or reed at the other. The reed when in motion strikes
the left end of a light lever g', pivoted at t, forcing it into its extreme upper
position, and with its right end depressed against a yielding anvil s', and thus closes
the local circuit including the magnet 2, during the continuance of the harmonic
I ge

page_text: tone. The yielding contact st, is so formed by means of a very light spring (not
"shown) for the purpose of maintaining perfect contact between the lever and its
anvil, even though ', 'should vibrate during vibration of r'.
.
In Fig. 2, magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are, for the convenience of illustration, represented
as being operated directly from the main line relays or receiving instruments. The
plan which I prefer, however, for controlling the type-wheel adjusting apparatus
from the main line relays, is set forth in detail, in Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 2, the
'armatures of the impelling devices, which should operate with great rapidity,
normally rest in remote positions of the magnetic fields of magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
thus rendering their movements slow. To enable, the armature levers or impelling
devices to be subjected, at the first instant to the maximum force employed, the
modified form is adopted, it being shown in connection with magnet 5, and impelling
device J. Lever J, is pivoted at P, and by virtue of armature N', is normally
held in it's back position by the magnetism of permanent magnet M¹. If now a
harmonic tone be received over line L, to which receiver Y, is responsive, its
vibratory reed 20, will cause arm 21, to break contact with anvil 22, thereby
opening a local circuit including battery 23, and magnet 25, whereupon armature 26,
will make contact with anvil 27, closing the local circuit of magnet 5. Magnet 5,
by this means neutralizes the permanent magnetism of M', leaving lever J, under
the sole action of its retracting spring Q, which at the first will exert its maximum
effect to move the lever and effect adjustment of the type-wheel.
Perforations in the first or upper longitudinal row of the strip of transmitter
paper T, as already noticed, effect transmissions for operating relay U, and magnet 1.
Likewise perforations of the second, third, fourth and fifth rows determine trans-
missions for bringing into action magnets 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Thus, a
"perforation in the upper row, operating impelling devices F, serves to rotate the
type-wheel the space of one character; that is to say, the type-wheel will be rotated
from its zero point, bringing the next character (in this case a second blank.space)
to position for printing. A perforation in the second row will cause' the wheel to
be rotated two characters from its initial point, one in the third row, four characters,
oné in the fourth row, eight characters and one in the fifth row,.sixteen characters.
Any degree of type-wheel rotation may be effected by means of perforations in one
or more of the longitudinal rows, in a single transverse line, and thus any character
upon the wheel may be reached by a single operation of one or more of the receiving
instruments: By proper arrangement of characters upon the wheel nearly half a
'message will be recorded in the paper by characters having only a single per-
foration; and the great majority of the remainder are represented, by double
perforations, while it is only seldom that three perforations are necessary.
Fig. 1, represents a form of printer having many advantages over the one
already described, in that the weight and diameter of the type-wheel is greatly
reduced. It is well known that the inertia of a wheel increases about as, the
square of its radius, and even if its weight were to remain the same, a construction
having its mass concentrated pear its centre of motion, could be operated with
much greater rapidity and would possess many features of superiority. Instead,
therefore, of placing all the characters upon the wheel in one ring of type, as in
Fig. 4, I make the wheel of only one fourth the diameter, and place upon its
periphery four circumferential rows or rings of characters, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
Another feature of my invention, as shown in Fig. 1, consists of means whereby
the wheel is never given more than a half rotation to bring any desired character
into position for printing, it being rotated from its initial point to the right or left
in bringing a' character to position, and returned after each impression.
In this case magnets 1, 2, 3, are employed to rotate the type-wheel,..while
magnets 4 and 5, serve to move and adjust the wheel along its axis.
I
Magnets 1 and 2, 'th operate to rotate the wheel in a direction opposite that
'due to magnet 3: The spiral slots have the same helical direction in all, but the
movement of 'lever H, is opposite that of F and G, thus, while, magnets 1 and 2,
effect rotation in one direction, magnet 3, causes a reverse movement. hole
Jl.

page_text: The second type-ring upon the wheel is placed normally over the press pad,
while the ring at the left end is brought over the platen by the single action of
magnet 4.
The extreme right row is brought to the same position by magnet 5,
.and the second row from the right by both -4, and 5. The sleeves i, j, and two
trods d, e, such as are used to rotate the wheel, and already minitely described in
connection with Fig. 4, are here used. But upon the outer end of sleeve, is
attached a pinion which meshes with rack t, carried by the type-wheel axis, thus
serving to move the wheel backward and forward to adjust one type ring or
another over the platen as occasion requires. In Fig. 1, rack t, is formed upon
the lower side of a sleeve through the axis of which passes rotary shaft of the
type-wheel, and such rack sleeve is placed between two collars s, upon the shaft
whereby the latter, while rotating, may with the type-wheel be moved axially by
the rack and pinión: In Fig. 8, the rack is formed upon a rotary hub, the teeth
extending around its circumference. The rack sleeve is kept in proper position
by means of a guide rod u, which is attached at one end to the sleeve, while its
other end slides in a guide hole of the frame of the machine, as the rack travels
backward and forward. Magnets 4 and 5, show their respective armature acting
in the same direction, but in this case the helical slots of sleeves and, are
oppositely cut, this; while by the movements of lever I, the type-wheel will be
moved to the right, a movement of J, will cause it to move to the left. Also if
both work together, whether simultaneously or successively, the wheel will be
moved one space to the right, and twice as far to 'the left, the resultant movement
being one space to the left.
Where the type-wheel is returned by a reverse movement to its initial point
after the printing of each character, it is advantageous to arrange the characters
upon its periphery in the order of their most frequent use in the printing of a
message; and to this end I have adopted the following arrangement, blank,, blank,
e, t, a, i, o, u, s, h, r, d, 1, u, c, f, g, m, p, b, k, v, j, w, y, x; Z, Q, », » The
characters occurring oftenest in a message are so arranged upon the whole as to be
brought to position for printing by the operation of only one adjusting magnet.
Such characters are shown in the left diagram of Fig. 3, they being the lower
blank E, T, A, I, and are respectively brought over the platen for impression by
magnets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The second diagram shows those letters which are brought
to position to be printed by operating the magnets two at a time, and the third
diagram the characters adjusted by operating the magnets three at a time. The
characters upon the fourth diagram excepting the are adjusted by operating the
-
magnets four at a time, while the-alone requires the action of all.
These two diagrams show two blank spaces, one of which is normally over the
platen, while the second is used whenever it is desired to operate the press
mechanism without printing, as is the case in forming spaces between words.
A blank space occurs oftener than any letter and thus it is that it is placed nearest
the initial point of the wheel.
The press mechanism shown in Fig. 1, is conditioned to operate only after the
type-wheel has been started towards its position of adjustment, and cannot be
operated a second time without returning the type-wheel to its initial point.
If
A local circuit including a magnet which controls the press is normally broken
at the point of spring, which rests upon an insulated block placed in hub v.
now the type-wheel be moved, either along its axis or rotated, the local circuit will
be closed, and magnet 6, will attract its armature, thus causing escapement
anchor, which is pivoted at a', to release rotary arms, the latter being under a
constant tendency to rotate, through the action of a motor gearing with wheel d'.
An eccentric e, is placed upon the same shaft. with, which upon the release of =,
, raises the press lever to effect printing. Arm 2, upon its release, rotates until
arrested By toe c', making about three fourths of a rotation and during this move-
ment not only is the impression taken but the press pad is returned to almost its
normal position, thus leaving the paper clear of the type-wheel, and enabling the
wheel to be brought back to its initial point. When the wheel is brought to its

page_text: starting point, the local circuit including magnet 6, is again closed and arm, is.
released from c², making about a quarter turn, when it is again arrested by b'.
The local circuit might be normally closed and broken upon moving the wheel
to operate the printing magnet; such an arrangement, however, is inferior to the
one shown, as it is preferable to have a local circuit normally open.
'In Fig. 2, I have shown a similar press mechanism, except that the local circuit
is closed by any one or all of the actuating levers F, G, H, I, J. That is to say,
the local circuit 8, 9, including battery B, and magnet 6, may be closed between
points 10 and 19 by J, between 1 and 18 by 1, 12 and 17, by H, 13 and 16 by G,
and 14 and 15 by F. Whether the type-wheel be brought into position by any
one, two or more of the arms F, G, H, I, J, the press will be operated. The paper
strip, upon which the message is printed, is fed a step at a time after each
impression, upon the backward movement of press lever, which carries a pawla,
engaging with a ratchet wheel, the latter being fixed to the drum for feeding the
paper strip.
As shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 8, a type-wheel having thirty two divisions is
manipulated by means of five mechanisms, which, respectively, have capacities for
giving it movement of one, two, four, eight and sixteen spaces. It is obvious,
however, that a sixth mechanism capable of moving the wheel thirty two divisions,.
and a seventh with a capacity of sixty four, and so on, might be employed. A.
type-wheel having sixty four divisions would be operated by the six mechanisms,
while with seven, it could have one hundred and twenty, eight.
The rack and pinion shown in Fig. 1, for imparting axial movement to the type--
wheel from the two impelling mechanisms may be substituted by apparatus of many
different mechanical forms, equally within my invention. It is also apparent that.
the mechanism for giving the type-wheel axial movement could be adapted to a
wheel having three rings of type by making the length of the spiral groove in j
equal that of i. Thus modified, one slot would move the wheel one space to the
right and the other one to the left along its axis. It is equally apparent that by
increasing the number of impelling devices for moving the wheel on its axis,..
any desired number of type rings could be employed and the diameter of the..
type-wheel correspondingly decreased without reducing the number of characters
thereon.
It,.
Figs. 7 and 9, show modifications in which a non-rotating shaft a, extending:
axially throughout the system of drivers and followers, is employed.
"With reference to the application of a multiple telegraph system to operate a
series of mechanisms for adjusting the type-wheel, my invention is not confined to.
the particular impelling devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings as dis-
tinguished from a series of any devices for the saine general purpose.
however, is not new with me to employ a series of adjusting nechanisms having
ranges of action, differing one with the others, such ranges being preferably
represented by the terms of the series one, two, four, eight and sixteen, for moving
the type-wheel to any desired position by the single action of any one or more of
them, and I therefore desire to disclaim such subject-matter.
In the receiving apparatus as herein before described, the press magnet is brought
into action as a condition subsequent to the operation of the type-wheel, by the
closing of a local circuit including a press magnet, either through the agency of
impelling devices for operating the type-wheel, or by the opening and closing of
Euch local circuit contacts by the various positions of rotation of the type-wheel.
These arrangements require the return of the type-wheel to its initial position,.
after an impression, before the press can again be brought into action. Nor can
the printing of a character be repeated without first returning the wheel to zero
and readjusting it; and thus it is that a second blank space upon the wheel is.
required to enable the making of blanks between words in the recorded message.
The object of the modified receiving apparatus illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, 12,
and 13, is to enable spacing between words while the wheel remains in its
initial position, and the repeating of characters in a message while it remains in a

page_text: fixed position, and adjusted to print such character. A further advantage of this
improvement is that, after an impression has been. taken, the type-wheel impelling
devices brought into action need. not be returned to their original position before,
other devices for bringing the wheel into place for the next character are operated.
While the impelling devices for giving the wheel one adjustment, are returning to
their normal, position, other devices for giving the wheel its next position may be
actuated thus the adjustment of the wheel, to a position to print a second
character is accomplished in the same time that would otherwise be required to
return the wheel to its initial point after the first impression.
"
To accomplish these results, employ a press mechanism which is made to
operate in unison with the transmitter at the distant station, but by mechanism
whose operation is independent of the type-wheel, or apparatus connected there-
with The type-wheel devices and the press mechanism are independent of each
other, except that both are operated by or in unison with the transmitter; and thus.
it is that no movement of the wheel or apparatus connected therewith is necessary
to the operation of the press. To this end a periodically vibrating platen is used
whose movement is controlled from the transmitting station. The press is so timed
as to be raised for an impression only after the adjustment of the type-wheel.
Am reciprocally the action of the wheel is periodical in that its adjustment for an
impression is effected at regular intervals, and momentarily before the operation of a
the press. This result is accomplished by running the strip of perforated paper
through the transmitter at a uniform speed, within which are formed characters at
equal distances apart along its length, and by, causing the motor operating the
press mechanism to run in unison with the transmitter. Synchronism or unison.
may be effected by periodically sending impulses from the transmitter to the
receiver thereby causing the receiver to follow the movement of the transmitter,
or, instead, the movement of the transmitter may be made to follow the receiver..
by means of unison impulses sent from the receiver to the transmitter, thereby
regulating the speed of the transmitting paper to the action of the press
mechanism.
In, the following description two different forms of unison arrangements for.
carrying out my invention are set forth.
Referring to Figs. 10, 11, 12, 12, and 13,-
Fig. 10, is a perspective view of the receiving instrument.
Fig. 11, represents developments of the type-wheel periphery, the diagram at a
the left showing. the characters which are brought over the platen by operating
the several impelling devices singly the second one, the characters by.operating
them two at a time; the third, the characters by operating them three at a time;-
the fourth, the characters, excepting the dash, by operating them four at a
time. The dashi itself is adjusted by all together.
Fig. 12, is a diagram showing the circuits and magnets of the system together.
with a regulator for causing platen to operate in unison with the paper drum of
the transmitter.
Fig. 12 is a modification of a part of the transmitter.
Fig. 13, is a modification of the unison apparatus of Fig. 12. In Fig. 13, the.
paper drum of the transmitter is made to run in unison with and follow the
motor which actuates the platen at the receiver, while in Fig. 12, the motor which
actuates the platen is made to follow the paper drum.
In Fig. 10, I show, as before, five impelling devices F, G, H, I, J, and a series
of auxiliary movable drivers a, b, c, d, e, alternately arranged with a series of
rotating followers, f, g, h, i, j, the latter having grooved journals mounted in
bearings l, m, n, p, q, to prevent axial displacement. Drivers a and d, are feathered
in their bearings k, o, and are therefore incapable of rotation.
From this
construction it follows that by operating the impelling devices through their,
magnets; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, singly in minor combinations, or all together, any one of the..
four type rings, and any character..therein. may be adjusted over the platen for an
impression. The platen is inounted upon a lever x, and is actuated by a constantly

page_text: rotating eccentric, the latter being mounted upon a shaft, to which uniform
rotation is imparted by any suitable motor. Rack t, is held upon shaft r, by two
collars s, s, thus, during its rotation, said shaft may be moved backwards and
forwards along its' axis by means of pinion t¹, to whichi motion is imparted through
follower, the latter being operated by, impelling devices I, J.
In the arrangement hereinbefore described, printing is effected only by the
operation of the impelling devices, through the agency of local circuits closed
by them, or by a local circuit which is closed or opened by the movement of the
type-wheel or some part mechanically connected therewith. In the modification
now to be described, however, the press has a movement quite independent of that
of the type-wheel, except that the latter is and must be operated in advance of
the former, so that the wheel may reach its position of adjustment before receiving
the blow of the platen. To this end, the unison mechanisms, shown in Figs. 12
and 13, are employed. In Fig. 12, I have shown an automatic multiple transmitter,
by which one Morse and five harmonic transmissions may be simultaneously
effected. All but the last harmonic transmission are employed for operating
relays U, V, W, X, Y, and they in turn impelling devices 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The last
transmission, however, (the sixthi) is wholly employed in connection with the press
mechanism, and only serves to regulate the speed of the motor M, (employed to
actuate press lever x, by eccentric y,) to correspond with the speed of drum A,
over which passes the strip of perforated transmitting paper T. At the transmitter,
six branches e', ƒ¹, g', h¹, i', 'j', respectively connected with the six conducting
fingers, mounted upon G, are employed in connection with battery B, and as the..
perforations of the paper pass under the metallic fingers, the circuit to line is
closed through drum A, and those branches whose fingers are-permitted to make
contact therewith. Five harmonic transmitters, differently keyed, are placed in
branches e, f, g, h,., while branch j¹, is a continuous, conductor, it being.
employed for sending Morse currents. By this means six receiving instru-.
ments U, V, etc., may be brought into action in any desired combination.
../
1
Rotation of type-wheel T W, is effected by the first five longitudinal rows of
perforations, while the infrequent perforations in the sixth so regulate the action....
of motor M, that the type-wheel will receive an impression :blow only after it has
been moved into adjustment therefor. Each character is perforated in a single
transverse line in the paper,strip T, and such lines are placed at equal distances
apart along its length, and thus the perforations for one letter or character after
another come under the metallic fingers of the transmitter at regular intervals of.
time. The type-wheel, of course, cannot be adjusted to all positions in equal
times for example, its adjustment to print E, would be more quickly accomplished
than for F, owing to the fact that in o
one case the movement is only slight, being
one eighth of a rotation, while in the other it must not only be given an entire
half rotation, but must also be moved two spaces along its axis. In transmitting
the letter E, therefore, the type-wheel would be adjusted for its impression almost
instantly upon bringing the perforation representing such letter under the corre-
sponding finger of the transmitter, and would remain so adjusted during the entire
period of transit of such perforation and during the consequent transmission; that
is to say, while the finger remains within such perforation. The character F, upon
the wheel, however, might not reach its position of adjustment until each of its
several perforations had passed half way or more under the metallic fingers.. The
longest time required for the adjustment of any character upon the type-wheel
should be the period allowed for all, and thus, if the time required to adjust the
wheel for its most remote character, from the initial point, be one half that
occupied by the transit of a perforation under a finger of the transmitter, it is
obvious that the press mechanism should be so timed as only to deliver its
impression blow after the first half of the perforation in each case had passed the
points of the fingers; that is to say, during the last half of the transmission
employed to adjust the wheel. Under these circumstances, it is apparent that
correct impressions will be taken if the paper upon which the message is recorded
B

page_text: be pressed against the wheel and withdrawn during the last half of each trans-
mission. To accomplish this result, I employ the motor M; as above stated, at
the receiver, (it being rotated at the same speed as is paper drum A, of the
transmitter,) to rapidly vibrate press lever, by eccentric y, the latter being
placed upon the shaft of the motor armature. If motor M, is running in unison
with the transmitter, the press lever H, will be raised against and withdrawn from
type-wheel T, W, during the last half of each transmission. If, however, the
impression be not taken during such time adjustment is rendered necessary, and
the motor M, should be made to run faster or slower as occasion requires.
Adjustment might be effected by sending a current from the transmitting station
for, each impression, but such frequency is unnecessary. Unison, can be effected
by sending one impulse for each twenty characters transmitted, and to this end a
unison perforation is made in every twentieth transverse row of the perforated
paper. Whenever one of these perforations comes under a finger of the trans-
mitter, harmonic relay Z, is actuated, thus opening the local circuit of relay 14,1
and causing lever 27, to make contact with back stop 26; and, during this period,
if motor M, is running out of unison, resistance will be automatically inserted or
removed from its circuit according as it is required to make it operate slower or
faster. The motor circuit 20, includes the armature and field coils of the motor,
a rotary arm', and a series of resistance. coils. and switch plates o'. The plates
are insulated from one another except through the resistance coils, and thus the
resistance of the motor circuit is increased or diminished by moving arm n', to the
left or the right.
I
A rotating commutator. A!, is so geared with the shaft of the motor, by means of
a train of gearing B, that it rotates once for each twenty turns of the motor shaft.
The commutator consists of two conducting rings u', s, and they respectively are
provided with inwardly projecting conducting pieces v', w. Parts v', w, are
separated along the line of the commutator by a strip of insulating material of
such width that it will rotate under the end of contact spring pl, in the same time
as is required for one of the unison perforations of the paper strip to pass under
the corresponding contact finger of the transmitter; and if the motor and trans-
mitter are in unison, such insulating strip will complete its movement under the
point of spring p', during the movement of a unison perforation past its finger; but
if out of unison, p', will make contact with either v', or w', while such finger is still
within a unison perforation. Springs, and q', are in rotating contact with u³, s',
and are joined to wires 23, and 24, the latter including magnets ',c'. These wires
unite at 22, and are connected to back stop 26, by wire 25. If now, motor M, is
working too fast, spring p', will be in contact with ', during contact between
drum A, and the unison finger, or while lever 27, is closed upon contact 26, thus
completing a local circuit by way of wire 25, 24, magnet. c, spring i, ring u',
conducting projection », spring p', wire 21, lever 27, and stop 26. On the other
hand if the motor were working too slowly, a local circuit would be completed by
way of wire 25, wire 23, magnet 1, spring q', ring s', conducting spring w³,
spring p', and wire 21. Thus if moving too slowly, magnet b', will actuate
armature lever k³, and rotate star toothed wheel m', and arm n³, one step to the
right, thereby diminishing the resistance of the motor circuit and correspondingly
increasing the rapidity of its speed; or if moving too rapidly magnet c', will rotate
wheel m', and arm n', one step to the left at each revolution of A', until adjustment
is effected. If, however, A and A', are in unison, neither &¹, nor c¹, will be actuated,
and arm n', will remain unmoved.
Instead of employing a sixth row of perforations as in Fig. 12, I may employ
upon drum A, a rotating circuit closer consisting of a hub of insulating material o",
having a conducting section D₁, and a spring n", to which is attached branch i,
which includes a harmonic circuit breaker for sending a musical tone to line, to
operate, at the receiver, whenever D', and n", come in contact. In this case the
paper should be moved the space of twenty perforated characters at each rotation
of drum A. Obviously the apparatus hereinbefore described may be modified to

page_text: send unison impulses with greater or less frequency by merely changing the
proportions of its parts.
Drum A, should be rotated at as nearly a uniform rate of speed as is possible,
by any suitable motor as M, which is substantially the same as M', of Fig. 13,
though even if its rate were somewhat irregular, unison would be maintained
through the agency of the devices already described.
In commutator A', conducting pieces ', w', may be given greater circum-
ferential lengths than are here shown; and in practice it would be desirable to do
so in order that regulation may be effected when A¹, is running much faster or slower
than A.
Instead of employing a sixth transmission in the same direction, as shown in
Fig. 12, to establish unison between the transmitter and press mechanism of the
receiver, the sixth transmission may be in a direction opposite to the otlier five, as
represented in Fig. 13.
.
In Fig. 13, shaft, of motor M³, carries an eccentric y, which operates press
lever, and a commutator D, is so geared to shaft, as to rotate, for example,
once for each twenty revolutions of the latter. This commutator affords a normal
carth connection at the receiver by way of spring 9, conducting ring 11, and
spring 7, while, at the same time, the circuit of battery B, is broken; but once
during each revolution, an insulating block 12, breaks such earth connection, and
at the same time establishes connection to battery B", by way of spring 6,
conducting ring 10, and spring 8. The rings 10 and 11, are separated from each
other by means of insulating sections 13 and 12. In order that currents from B",
may in no way interfere with receiving instruments U, V, W, X, Y, an artificial
line beginning at 16, and of a resistance substantially equal to that of the main
line, is employed within which are included equating coils of the relays, also
rheostat R. A condenser may be used in the usual manner to overcome the effects
of static induction in case of very long lines.
A differential magnet Z, (Fig. 13,) is also employed at the transmitting station,
and it is actuated by currents from battery B", at the receiving station; but is
neutral in respect to outgoing currents owing to the action of the equating coil
which is placed in circuit with a rheostat R, whose resistance is equal to that of
the main line from point 15, to earth at the distant station. A current transmitted
from B, passes directly to earth through the transmitter, or through both coils of Z,
and thence to earth through the artificial line, and thereby opens the circuit of
magnet 14, permitting lever 27, to fall upon its back contact 26. Motor M, is
geared with the paper drum A, of the transmitter, and upon the axis of the latter
is placed a commutator A', precisely the same as A', in Fig. 12. And in connection
with such commutator are a system of local circuits, magnets b', el, arms ¹, l', a star
toothed wheel m³, arm n¹, rheostat o', consisting of resistance coils and switch plates,
local circuit 20, and motor M, and gearing B', identically the same as that of
Fig. 12, already described. It is thus seen that if operating in exact unison,
commutators D', and A', will occupy the relation shown in Fig. 13. That is to
say, while B", is connected to line through spring 13, ring 10, and spring 8, the
point of spring p', will rest upon the insulating space between conducting
sections v, to; but if they are out of unison, when B", is connected to line, p', will
come in contact with either »', or w³, and in consequence thereof the speed of the
motor will be increased or decreased and made to equal that of M', thereby causing
the press mechanism to deliver its impression blows only after the type-wheel has
been adjusted to its desired position. In Fig. 13, shaft ", of motor M', extends
through an axial opening of commutator D, while said shaft and commutator are
so joined by train B', that the former rotates twenty times as often as the latter.
In Figs. 12 and 13, 1 have, for convenience of illustration shown the armatures
and field coils of motors M, M', as included in a single local circuit. The
preferable plan, however, would be to sustain the fields by a separate and inde-
pendent local circuit of constant resistance. Both plans are, however, equally
well known in the art, and neither in itself forms any part of my invention.

page_text: -
.
Many efficient unisons have been devised for causing a rotating object at one
station to move in synchronism with another at a distant station by means of
periodically transmitting currents or otherwise; and while there are many features
of novelty in the particular unison which I have hereinbefore described, my
invention relates more particularly to the use of any unison for telegraphically.
establishing synchronism between transmitting and receiving stations, and to
thereby cause the action of a vibrating press lever to closely follow that of a
type-wheel so that impression blows may only be given after the wheel has been
adjusted.
In Fig. 13, I have shown a local circuit 17, including magnet 18, which,
when X, is operated by harmonic impulses, is broken, thereby closing local
circuit 19. The latter circuit includes magnet 4, of the series employed to
actuate the impelling devices of the printer. The other harmonic receivers have
like local arrangements, cach being provided with a local circuit 17, which is
normally closed. During vibration, the harmonic reeds of the relays raise the
supplemental pivoted levers from their contacts and thus break the local circuit
of the repeating relays. The local circuit of U, may operate a repeating relay
and the latter a magnet for operating an impelling device of the receiver, or
such magnet may replace the repeating relay.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that if the type-wheel is once adjusted,
. the same character may be printed as many times as may be desired without
moving the wheel or any part connected therewith. Again, it is apparent that, to
adjust the wheel to print a second character, the impelling devices brought into
action for such purpose may be actuated while the ones for effecting the preceding
adjustment are being returned to their normal positions. In other words, while
one set of adjusters is returning to normal position, a second set may be brought
into action. If, however, printing were only performed as a consequence of the
return of the type-wheel to zero after each adjustment, as is the case with the
receiving apparatus first described, a second set of impelling devices could not
begin their movement until the first had returned to their original position. It
also results from my improved method of printing that where adjoining characters
have perforations in the same horizontal row of the paper, they may be run
together as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, and thus it is that the impelling device
controlled by them will remain in the same position during the printing of
both.
In the previously described arrangement it is found necessary to employ two
blank spaces upon the type-wheel, because, (as the paper feed of the receiver is
operated by the press mechanism, and the press in turn by the type-wheel,) it had
to present a blank space to the platen after having been moved, to enable spacing
between words in the received message. This is accomplished by rotating the
wheel one step, bringing the second blank over the platen, and by then actuating
the latter. This mode of spacing requires the transmitting paper to be so per-
forated as would send an impulse which would operate an impelling device to bring
the second blank into position for an impression. In my present form, however,
the paper band is left blank where spacing is required, and only one blank space
upon the type-wheel is necessary. Another advantage is that the type-wheel
remains stationary while spaces are formed.
"
By referring to Figs. 12 and 13, it is seen that the type-wheel adjustments
required in printing the words "automatic printing telegraph are effected by
thirty four independent impressions. It is thus found that only little more than a
single transmission per letter is required (as there are twenty six letters and two
spaces involved,) and that a single transinission suffices to adjust the wheel for
about half the characters occurring in a message. As seen in Fig. 12, a single
perforation in the third longitudinal row of the transmitting paper is required for a;
one in the second and one in the fourth for u; one in the second, which is run into
the upper perforation of the preceding character, for t; one in the fourth for o;
perforations in the first, second and third for m, and so on.

page_text: Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manuer the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a type-wheel, a series of independent impelling devices
for actuating the same, and a driver and follower positively joining the type-wheel
with each impelling device and forming a positive operative connection between
them both during the single and the combined action of the impelling devices,
substantially as described.
2. The combination of a type-wheel, a series of rotating, axially fixed followers
alternately arranged with a series of axially adjustable drivers in the same line, and
a series of independent impelling devices for positively rotating the type-wheel
through the medium of said drivers and followers to any desired position by the
single action of one or more of them, all substantially as described.
3. The combination of a type-wheel, a series of independent impelling devices, a
series of rotary and axially moving drivers actuated by said impelling devices and
movable axially in a line parallel to their axis of rotation, and a series of rotary
followers engaging with said drivers for rotating the type-wheel, all substantially
as described.
4. The combination of a type-wheel, a sectional shaft for rotating said wheel,
consisting of a series of rotating followers, each having a fixed axial support and
an alternately arranged series of axially movable drivers, each driver at the end
facing the type-wheel being joined to the contiguous follower by spiral gearing,
and with the follower at its other end by an axial gearing which only permits
longitudinal movement of said driver with reference to said follower, all substan-
tially as described.
5. The combination of a type-wheel having three or more rings of type, a series
of rotating followers, a series of alternately arranged drivers engaging with said
followers, and a series of impelling devices for rotating said wheel, and means for
moving the type-wheel along its axis to bring any desired ring of type over the
press pad consisting of a second series of independent impelling devices, a corre-
sponding series of drivers, and an alternately arranged series of rotatory followers
gearing with the type-wheel axis, all substantially as described.
6. The combination of a rotating and axially movable type-wheel having three
or more rings of type, a series of followers, drivers and impelling devices for
rotating said wheel, a shaft r, rack t, pinion t¹, and a second series of followers,
drivers and impelling devices for moving said wheel axially, substantially as
.described.
7. The combination of a type-wheel, a series of rotating followers, an alternately
arranged series of drivers whose degrees of action are represented by the series one,
two, four, etc., and a series of impelling devices, the gearing of the last impelling
device, driver and follower being oppositely arranged with reference to the other
members of the series, whereby the last impelling device is made to impart rotation
to the type-wheel in a direction opposite that due to the others.
8. A series of impelling devices simultaneously coacting to adjust the type-wheel
to any desired position for printing, a press pad, an eccentric for actuating the
same, an escapement, magnet 6, for operating said escapement, a local circuit
including said maguet, an insulating block v, in the conducting hub placed upon
shaft ", of the type-wheel, and a spring w, which rests upon said insulating block
when the type-wheel is at its initial point, but closes the local circuit upon the first
movement of the type-wheel, all substantially. as described.
9. The combination of a type-wheel, a series of impelling devices simultaneously
coacting by a single movement of one or more of them to rotate the type-wheel to
any desired position for printing, a press pad, an eccentric for operating the same,
an unequal step escapement, and magnet for operating the eccentric, a local circuit
including the escapeinent; and means for opening and closing said circuit upon the

page_text: .
-operation of any one or more of the impelling devices, for rotating the type-wheel,
all substantially as described.
10. In a printing telegraph system in which the type-wheel is adjusted to any one
of its positions for printing by the single movement of a series of independent
- impelling devices operated individually or in various combinations according to the
position desired, a series of multiple telegraph receiving instruments for operating.
any one of said impelling devices or two or more of them in the time required for
the single main line transmission by which one alone is actuated, and a corresponding
series of multiple telegraph transmitters for sending the required single or combined
transmissions according to the letter to be printed, as and for the purpose
.described.
11. The combination of a type-wheel in a printing telegraph, a series of impelling
devices capable of conjoint action to adjust the type-wheel to any desired position
for printing, a series of multiple telegraph receivers to actuate or control said
impelling devices, and an automatic transmitter at a distant station consisting of a
strip of paper upon which each letter is formed by one or more perforations,
embossures or their equivalent in a single transverse line.
12. In a printing telegraph system, the combinations of a series of receiving
instruments, one or more being of the Morse and the others of the harmonic
character, a type-wheel, a series of impelling devices controlled by said receiving
instruments, under whose conjoint action the type-wheel is adjusted to any desired.
position, a single main line, a series of Morse and harmonic transmitters for said
receivers, and a perforated or embossed band of paper containing messages for
automatically controlling said transmitters, all substantially as described.
13. In a printing telegraph, a type-wheel having its alphabet distributed in two
or more rings of type, and a series of adjusting devices by whose action the wheel
may be set to position to print any required character without repeating the operation
of any one or more of said adjusters.
14. In a printing telegraph system, a receiver type-wheel upon whose periphery
the alphabet is distributed in two or more rings of type, and adjusting devices and
actuating magnets therefor for giving said wheel a movement both of rotation and
in the direction of its axis.
15. In a printing telegraph receiver, the combination with the type-wheel or
carrier, of a series of independent impelling devices each positively joined with the
type-wheel through a driver and follower by which it may, by a single action, move
the type-wheel a definite distance different for the different impelling devices, the
number of said devices and their combined capacities or range of action being such
that the type-wheel may be moved to any one of all its printing positions either by
the single movement of one impelling device or by the single movement of two or
more of them operated in the proper combination either simultaneously or
successively.
16. In a printing telegraph, a type-wheel which is adjusted to position for
printing at regular intervals, and a periodically acting press mechanism which is
disconnected with the type-wheel mechanism, all substantially as described.
17. In a printing telegraph system, the combination of an automatic transmitter
and a uniformly moving motor for operating the same, a type-wheel of the receiving
instrument which is periodically adjusted for an impression by said automatic
transmitter, a periodically operating press device for giving impression blows after
the type-wheel has been brought to position for printing, a motor for operating said
press mechanism, and a telegraphic unison for causing the motor which actuates
said press mechanism to operate synchronously with the motor for driving the
transmitter; substantially as described.
18. In a telegraphic unison, the combination of motors M, M', a main telegraph
line, a transmitting commutator D', for sending unison impulses to line, a receiving
commutator A¹, a rheostat o', for regulating the speed of motor M, main line
relay Z, a local circuit controlled by said relay, and commutator A', and motor

page_text: mechanism controlled thereby for inserting or removing coils of rheostat o', from
the circuit of the motor M, all substantially as described.
19. In a printing telegraph system, the combination of an automatic transmitter,.
a main line, a type-wheel which is periodically adjusted to print by said transmitter,
a motor for operating said transmitter, press mechanism for periodically giving
impression blows to the type-wheel, a motor for actuating said press mechanism, a
unison transmitter operated by said press motor for transmitting impulses to the
transmitting station, and a regulating mechanism at the transmitter operated by
said unison currents, whereby the transmitter is made to run in unison with and
follow the movement of the press motor; all substantially as described.
20. In a printing telegraph system, the combination of a type-wheel, a system of
multiple transmission in one direction for adjusting the type-wheel, and an additional.
transmission in the opposite direction to effect unison between the press motor at
one station and the transmitter at the other, differential relays U, V, etc. for
controlling the type-wheel, differential relay Z, at the transmitting station, commu-
tators D', A', and motors M', M, all substantially as described.
21. In a printing telegraph, the combination of a type-wheel, a constantly
acting motor M', eccentric y, for operating press lever, a unison transmitter
operated by said motor, a main line, a unison receiver at the distant station, a motor
controlled by said unison receiver, and transmitting mechanism for controlling the
type-wheel operated by such motor in unison with the press motor, all substantially
as described.
Dated this 12th day of December 1800
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.