IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND "DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Lakin, of the Firm of Messieurs Curtis, Parr,
and Madeley, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, William Henry Rhodes, of the same Place, Machinist, and
John Carpenter, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Mule Overlooker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND "DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
Sealed the 21st March 1871, and dated the -13th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert-Lakin, William
Henry Rhodes, and John Carpenter at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th October 1870.
We, ROBERT LAKIN, of the Firm of Messieurs Curtis, Parr, and Madeley,
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, WILLIAM
HENRY RHODES, of the same Place, Machinist, and JOHN CARPENTER, of
Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Mule Overlooker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND.

page_text: OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS PARTLY APPLICABLE TO LUBRICATING UPRIGHT DHAFTS,
to be as follows:-
-:
Our first improvement consists in a novel mode of lubricating the
spindles of preparing and spinning machinery, and which is also
applicable to other spindles and upright shafts.
In our arrangement we form at the lower part of the footstep, bolster,
or bearing, a dish or receptacle into which the oil is poured, instead
of applying it at the top. A hole is made through the side of the
footstep, bolster, or bearing, around which we place a piece of flannel or
other absorbent material. The flannel is wide enough to cover the hole
and to go into the lower part of the dish, it is employed to prevent the
hole from being choked or filled with dirt, and when saturated with oil
the oil flows slowly through it and the hole to lubricate the spindle or
shaft.
In twiners and doublers instead of drawing the yarns or threads direct
from the cops sometimes the yarns or threads are drawn off from two or
more cops and are wound side by side on to a bobbin, which is then
taken to a twiner or doubler. One objection to this is that when twining
or doubling, if one of the two or three threads break as they are drawn
off the bobbin, there is sometimes a difficulty in finding the broken
one.
Now the object of the second part of our Invention is to obviate this
difficulty by causing one or two of the threads to be twisted round the
other, by which means they are kept together. For this purpose when
preparing bobbins ready for twisting two threads together, we employ
two rows of cops, the spindles on which the back row of cops are placed
are stationary. The spindles on which the front row of cops are placed
are hollow.
The yarns or threads from the back row pass through the
hollow spindles and then pass with those from the front row to the
bobbin on which the threads are to be wound, by which means the yarn
from the front row of spindles is, as drawn off the cop, slightly twisted
round the yarn which is drawn off its corresponding spindle in the back
row; for some purposes this amount of twist may be sufficient, but
for most purposes it is not. To supply this extra twist we fix on the
hollow spindle a pulley or wharve, a band driven from a drum or tin
roller passes over the wharve and turns the hollow spindle and the cop
on it, by which means the yarn from the hollow spindle is twisted round
the other.
The amount of twist can be varied either by causing the

page_text: hollow spindle to turn quicker or the bobbin on which the yarn is being
wound to take up slower. If deemed desirable to give an extra amount
of twist to the yarn as it comes off the back row of spindles, this may
be done by putting wharves on the spindles and turning them in
the same manner as those in the front row. When three or more
threads are required to be twisted together another row or rows of
hollow spindles must be placed in front of the other two rows, the
threads from the two back rows passing through the hollow spindle or
spindles of the front row or rows. In this way the yarn drawn off the
middle row is twisted round that drawn off the back row, and that from
the front row or rows is twisted round the others. The amount of twist
given to the front and intermediate rows can be varied by varying the
size of the wharves or the driver.
Party-coloured threads can be produced by the above arrangement, and
for some purposes sufficient twist can be put in without further twisting
or doubling, and also instead of winding on to a bobbin, the spindles
may be placed in a recl.
Our third improvement has reference to an improved mode of varying
the position of the nosing peg of self-acting mules and twiners, for this
purpose we attach a bracket or fixing to the frame side. The lever which
carries the nosing peg is supported by and is free to turn on a stud fixed
to the upper part of the arm of the quadrant. On a stud in this lever we
mount one end of a rod and the other end is mounted on a stud in the
bracket or fixing. By this arrangement, as the quadrant moves on a
centre different from that of the rod which acts on the nosing peg lever,
the position of the lever and nosing peg varies in reference to the arm of
the quadrant as the carriage goes in, and the nosing peg is thereby made
to act more on the winding on chain as the carriage completes its
inward run, and thus causes tighter winding of the yarn at the top or
finish of the cop. It will be evident that the effect can be varied either
by lengthening or shortening the nosing peg lever or by placing the stud
in the lever which supports the rod nearer to or further from the stud on
which the nosing peg lever turns or by changing the position of the
bracket or fixing on the frame side.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Lakin, William Henry Rhodes, and John
Carpenter in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th April
1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
LAKIN, of the Firm of Messieurs Curtis, Parr, and Madeley, of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, WILLIAM HENRY
RHODES, of the same Place, Machinist, and JOHN CARPENTER, of
Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Mule Overlooker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Robert Lakin, William Henry Rhodes, and
John Carpenter, Her special licence that we, the said Robert Lakin,
William Henry Rhodes, and John Carpenter, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Lakin, William
Henry Rhodes, and John Carpenter, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, FOR PREPARING,
SPINNING, WINDING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO LUBRICATING UPRIGHT SHAFTS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Robert Lakin, William Henry Rhodes, and
John Carpenter, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Lakin, William Henry
Rhodes, and John Carpenter; do hereby declare the nature of our said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
(that is to say) :-
Our first improvement consists in a novel mode of lubricating the
spindles of preparing and spinning machinery, and which is also applicable.
to other spindles and upright shafts.
In our arrangement we form at the lower part of the footstep, bolster,
or bearing a dish or receptacle into which the oil is poured instead of
applying it at the top. A hole is made through the side of the footstep,
bolster, or bearing, around which we place a piece of flannel or other
absorbent material. The flannel is wide enough to cover the hole, and
to go into the lower part of the dish; it is employed to prevent the hole
being choked or filled with dirt, and when saturated with oil the oil
flows slowly through it and the hole to lubricate the spindle or shaft.
This part of our Invention is illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, which
represent two modifications of our improvements in lubricating upright.
spindles.
Fig. 1 is a section of a footstep suitable for the spindles of a throstle
spinning or doubling frame. The bush a forming the footstep fits in the
socket b, which is fixed in the ordinary footstep rail. The lower part of the
socket is cast with a dish or receptacle containing a piece of flannel or
other absorbent material which is saturated with oil. The hole c through
the socket and bush a allows the oil to pass into the bottom of the
footstep, while the dirt and dust are retained in the flannel. Fig. 2 is a
section of a bush for a throstle bobbin. d is the bush fitting in the
tube e, which is fixed in the ordinary bolster rail. At the lower end of
this tube is cast or made the dish or receptacle containing the absorbent
material. The oil or other lubricant passes through the hole c in the
lower end of the tube e, and it ascends between the bush d and tube e
until it arrives at the hole c¹, which it enters to lubricate the spindle.
In applying this improved lubricating apparatus to upright shafts the
details must be varied to suit the peculiar construction of the bearing or
footstep to which it is applied.
In twiners and doublers instead of drawing the yarn or threads direct
from the cops sometimes the yarns or threads are drawn off from two
or more cops, and are wound side by side on to a bobbin, which is then
taken to the twiner or doubler. One objection to this is that when

page_text: twining or doubling, if one of the two or three threads breaks as the
threads are drawn off the bobbin there is sometimes a difficulty in finding
the broken one.
Now the object of the second part of our Invention is to obviate this
difficulty by causing one or two of the threads to be twisted round the
other, by which means they are kept together. For this purpose when
preparing bobbins ready for twisting two threads together we employ
two rows of cops, as shewn in Figs. 3 and 4. The spindles fon which
the back row of cops are placed are solid, and the spindles g on which
the front row of cops are placed are hollow, as shewn best in Fig. 5, in
which view we have shewn a rail covered with flannel to impart
friction to the yarn or thread drawn off the back row of spindles. The
yarns or threads from the back row pass through the hollow spindles,
and the yarns or threads from both rows of spindles pass together over
the guide rail through the guide plate ; to the bobbin, on which they
are wound by the friction of the roller 1. The yarns or threads are
distributed over the surface of the bobbin k by the heart j¹ or other
equivalent. By this means the yarn from the front row of spindles g
is (as drawn off the cop) slightly twisted round the yarn which is drawn
off its corresponding spindle fin the back row. For some purposes this
amount of twist may be sufficient, but for most purposes it is not. To
supply this extra twist we fix on the hollow spindle a pulley or wharve g³,
as shewn in Fig. 6. A band driven from a drum or tin roller passes over
the wharve and turns the hollow spindle g and the cop on it, by which
means the yarn from the hollow spindle is twisted round the yarn drawn
off the other. The amount of twist can be varied either by causing the
hollow spindle to turn quicker, or the bobbin on which the yarn is being
wound to take up slower. If deemed desirable to give an extra amount
of twist to the yarn as it comes off the back row of spindles it may be
done by putting wharves on them, and turning them in the same manner
as those in the front row. When three or more threads are required
to be twisted together another row or rows of hollow spindles must be
placed in front of the two rows shewn, the threads from the two back
rows passing through the hollow spindle or spindles of the front row or
rows. In this way the yarn drawn drawn off the middle row is twisted
round that drawn off the back row, and that from the front row or rows is
twisted round the others. The amount of twist given to the front and

page_text: intermediate rows can be varied by varying the size of the wharves or
the driver. Party-coloured threads can be produced by the above arrange-
ment, and for some purposes sufficient twist can be put in without
further twisting or doubling; and also, instead of winding the yarns or
threads on to a bobbin the spindles may be placed in a reel, and more
twist may be put in the yarn, or it may be doubled in the operation of
reeling.
Our third improvement has reference to an improved mode of varying
the position of the nosing peg of self-acting mules and twiners.
Fig. 7 represents a convenient mode of performing this part of our
Invention. m is a bracket or fixing attached to the frame side, and n is
the lever which carries the nosing peg n¹. This lever is supported by
and is free to turn on a stud fixed in the upper part of the quadrant
arm o. On a stud in the lever n is mounted one end of the rod p, and
the other end is mounted on a stud in the bracket or fixing m. By this
arrangement as the quadrant o moves on a centre different from that of
the rod p, which acts on the nosing peg lever n, the position of the lever
and nosing peg varies in reference to the arm of the quadrant as the
carriage goes in, and the nosing peg is thereby made to act more on
the winding on chain q as the carriage completes its inward run, and
thus causes lighter winding of the yarn at the top or finish of the cop.
It will be evident that the effect can be varied either by lengthening or.
shortening the nosing peg lever n, or by placing the stud in the lever
which supports the rod p nearer to or further from the stud on which
the nosing peg lever turns, or by changing the position of the bracket
or fixing m on the frame side.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, we declare that we claim,―
First. The mode of supplying oil or other lubricant to the lower end
of the bearing or footstep of upright shafts and spindles, and excluding
dust and dirt therefrom, as shewn and described.
Secondly. The use of hollow spindles in winding and doubling machines,
and conveying the yarn or thread through the same, as shewn and
described, whereby the yarns or threads are united and twisted, or
partially twisted together.

page_text: And, lastly. The improved mode, of and machinery for varying the.
position of the nosing peg of self-acting mules, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, William Henry Rhodes, for myself and on
behalf of the said Robert Lakin and John Carpenter, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of April One 5
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
W. H. RHODES. (L.S.).