Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
I, GRANGER FARWELL, of 226, La Salle Street, Chicago, in the County of Cook,
and State of Illinois, United States of America, Merchant, at present residing at
the Hotel Cecil, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My improvements in typewriting machines are particularly applicable to machines
of that kind having a revolving platen or cylinder against which the paper is held
during the act of printing, which platen is mounted in an endwise movable carriage,
and wherein the types are mounted on the central parts or loops of swinging type
bars or looped or "U" form, located in two groups at either side of the printing
point and above the platen and are arranged to swing on horizontal axes arranged
transversely to the platen, so that the types will strike downwardly upon the platen
and the letters printed will be constantly in view of the operator. Some of the
improvements hereinafter described are, however, adapted for use in connection
with typewriters of other kinds than that above mentioned.
As an improvement in the arrangement of the type bars of machines of the kind
above referred to, I propose to arrange the type bars with their pivotal axes at an
angle with the central axis of the platen and with the axes of the two groups
arranged at opposite angles or so that they diverge from each other from front to
rear. This construction produces the result of bringing the printing or contact
point rearwardly of the point at which the types rest when retracted and by
affording more space for the carriage and platen at the rear of the standards which
support the bearings for the type bars, enables a larger platen to be used, and at the
same time makes the machine more compact and stronger than in the case of
machines in which the type-bar axes are arranged at right angles to the platen.
As an improved construction in the spacing device or means by which the spring
propelled carriage is allowed to move forward step by step as the keys are actuated,
propose to employ devices as follows:
I
The carriage is provided with a longitudinally arranged toothed bar or rack
which is adapted for engagement with a pinion secured to a rotating shaft on
which is mounted an escapement wheel, forming part of an escape-device operated
from the universal or space bar of the machine. The end of said shaft nearest the
rack-bar is mounted in a sliding block which has movement toward and from
the rack, so that by the shifting of the block, the pinion may be engaged with and
disengaged from the rack at will; the opposite end of said shaft being so mounted
as to permit a lateral or oscillatory movement of the upper end of the shaft toward
and from the rack-bar. The pinion is pressed toward the rack-bar by a suitably
applied spring and a laterally movable releasing-bar, operated by a finger piece, is
mounted on the carriage in position to engage the shaft and to thrust and hold the
same away from the rack-bar; said releasing bar being held by a spring normally,
free from the shaft. The rotation of the escape-wheel is controlled by means
of an oscillatory lever which carries stiff and limber pawls adapted for alternate

page_text: engagement with the teeth of the escape-wheel as the lever is oscillated. Said lever
is actuated by proper connection with a space or universal bar which normally rests
in contact with the lower edges of the key levers and is moved when either of the
keys is depressed. The limber pawl referred to is arranged to swing forward,
through the action of a suitably applied spring, so that it shall engage the tooth
next in advance of the one last engaged by it each time the lever is operated as
common in such escape device. Said limber-pawl is provided with a separate
yielding part or section which immediately engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel
and is pivotally connected with the main part of the limber-pawl in such manner
that it will swing forward from its operative position, but will be held by a stop
from any backward movement from such position, in which it is normally held by
a suitably applied spring and by the action of the escape-wheel teeth, which strike
and are arrested by the same as the wheel is intermittingly turned in its forward
rotation. Said yielding part or section, being free to swing forward, allows the
escape-wheel teeth to move freely past the limber-pawl if the escape-wheel be
turned rearwardly, or in the reverse direction from that in which it turns during the
usual operation of the spacing mechanism. This construction of the limber pawl
with a separate yielding section enables the carriage to be thrust backward or
returned to its starting point for a new line without disengaging the escape-wheel
shaft from the rack-bar; thereby rendering the actuation of the releasing bar
unnecessary except when it is desired to release the carriage from the escape devices
and allow it to move backwardly to insert a letter at a desired place in the line in
making corrections or under like circumstances.
As an improved construction in means by which the platen may be turned for
line spacing and adjustment, of that kind embracing a ratchet wheel through which
the platen is turned for line spacing, a frictional connection between the ratchet
wheel and the platen shaft, and a holding pawl which may be engaged with the
ratchet wheel to hold the same from turning, so that by application of suitable
force to the platen shaft the platen may be turned while the ratchet-wheel remains
stationary. In connection with these features I employ a pivoted hand lever, to
which is attached a cam arm arranged to act upon the pawl, in such manner as
to hold the same in engagement with the ratchet wheel, when pressure is applied to
said hand lever. The said cam arm is so disposed with relation to the holding pawl
that no permanent engagement or interlocking of the cam arm with the pawl will
take place when the hand lever is actuated so that the holding pawl will be free
to move and permit the turning of the ratchet-wheel as soon as the hand is removed
from the lever, thereby insuring that the parts will be restored into condition for
operation in the usual manner as soon as the hand lever is relieved from pressure.
As an improved construction in automatic line-spacing devices for the platen
of that class in which the platen is turned automatically a line space at a time at
each movement of the carriage backward to its starting point, I employ devices
made as follows;
An oscillating, platen-actuating arm is mounted on the carriage, concentric with
the axis of the platen, and said arm is moved in one direction by a spring, and in
the opposite direction by means of a longitudinally arranged sliding rod on the
carriage, which has operative connection with the platen-actuating arm, and is
adapted to strike a margin stop on the machine frame when the carriage reaches
the limit of its backward movement in returning to its starting point. A suitable
connection between the said actuating arm and sliding rod is formed by means
as follows: The said arm is provided at its free end with a gear-segment arranged
concentrically with the platen shaft, and arranged to intermesh with another gear-
segment on a horizontally swinging arm mounted on the lower part of the carriage-
frame. The sliding rod referred to, is connected with said arm in such manner as to
turn the same on its pivot when the rod is moved endwise. These parts are so arranged
that when the carriage approaches the limit of its backward movement, the rod will
strike the stop and thereby give movement to the intermeshing gear segments and
the platen actuating arm. The shaft of the platen, which extends beyond the

page_text: carriage frame at the left hand side of the machine, is provided with a knob or
handle which is secured to a sleeve that slides endwise on the shaft and is held at
the outer limit of its movement by a spring. Mounted on said sleeve is an oscil-
lating pawl arm the outer part of which is arranged horizontally and
parallel with the platen shaft and is adapted for engagement at its end with.
the ratchet wheel on said shaft. The horizontal part of said pawl arm has endwise
sliding engagement with the oscillating platen-actuating arm, so that it may slide-
endwise into and out of engagement with the ratchet-wheel, and is at the same
time, turned or moved with said actuating arm as the latter is swung on its pivotal
axis through the action of the endwise sliding rod and stop on the machine frame
above described. Said pawl arm moreover, is held normally disengaged from the
ratchet wheel by a spring which holds the knob or handle at the outer limit of its
movement, but the extremity of said arm is so located as to engage the teeth of
the ratchet wheel when the knob and the arm connected therewith are pushed
inwardly by pressure applied to said knob in the act of moving the carriage back-
ward to its starting point. It follows from this construction that in the act of
thrusting or moving the carriage backwardly, the pressure of the finger applied
to said knob will first thrust or carry the end of the pawl arm into engagement
with the ratchet wheel and this engagement will continue while the carriage is-
being moved toward the right and until after the actuating arm has been swung or
moved through the action of the sliding rod referred to. As the pawl arm is thus
swung, or moved, it will carry with it the ratchet wheel and the platen will be
thereby turned the desired distance for effecting the line spacing. As soon as the
carriage reaches the point for beginning a new line, it will, of course, be held from
returning by the action of the line spacing device and, upon relieving the knob or
handle from the pressure of the hand, the said knob and the pawl arm will be
thrown outwardly thereby disengaging the said arm from the ratchet wheel and
leaving the actuating arm free to swing backwardly to its original position which
will occur as soon as the carriage begins its forward movement under the action
of its actuating spring. The construction described not only affords a simple means
for automatically turning the platen for line spacing but it has the advantage
also of leaving the platen free to be rotated by hand, for adjusting the paper with
respect to the striking point of the types, at the time the carriage stands at the
extreme limit of its movement to the right; and while the sliding rod is still
engaged with the stop on the frame, it being obvious that as soon as the arm has
been released from the ratchet the automatic line-spacing device will be entirely
disconnected from the said ratchet-wheel and the same and the platen may be
freely turned.
The extent to which the platen is turned each time the carriage is returned to
its starting point for a new line is determined by the extent of oscillatory movement
of the actuating arm and the movement of said arm is controlled by means of a
movable stop which limits its rearward swing after it has been advanced to turn
the platen. To vary the stroke of the arm and to thereby vary the rotative move-
ment of the platen I employ a pivoted block which forms a stop for the arm and
which when in one position, affords a much greater swing to the same than when
in another position. As a means of actuating said arm a gear-segment is attached
to the same and a second gear-segment is mounted upon the machine frame,
concentrically with the platen shaft and in position to intermesh with the first one.
Said second gear-segment is provided with a hand lever or finger piece which
projects upwardly beyond the ratchet wheel in position convenient to be reached by
the operator. Suitable stops are provided for limiting the movement of said hand
lever and the parts are so arranged that when the lever is at one limit of its move-
ment, the block referred to will present a stop surface or abutment giving to the arm
a movement sufficient for a full line space and when at the other limit of its throw,
the block will be so turned as to give the arm a shorter stroke for a half line space.
As a further improvement in the line spacing mechanism, the margin stop on the
machine frame through which the sliding rod above referred to is actuated, is

page_text: mounted upon a horizontally arranged rod which is adapted to rotate in suitable
bearings on the machine frame and is also adapted to slide endwise in said bearings.
The rotation of the rod in its bearings enables the stop to be swung out of the path
of the actuating rod and to thereby throw the automatic line spacing device out of
action when desired. The shifting of the said rod endwise in its bearings, affords 5
a means for changing the length of the line or the width of the margin at the
left hand side of the sheet; it being obvious that the automatic line-spacing device
will be operated only when the sliding rod on the carriage reaches said stop and the
carriage is arrested thereby. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the margin
stop, the rod will be provided with a scale or index and in order to lock the same
from movement after it has been adjusted, it is provided at one side with a series of
teeth or notches adapted for engagement with a spring actuated pawl which bears
against the notched side of the rod when the margin stop is in operative position
but rests in contact with a smooth part of the rod, and leaves the same free to be
moved endwise, when said rod is turned to carry the stop out of its operative position. 1
My invention also embraces an improved construction in the paper carriage
intended to facilitate the insertion and adjustment of the paper and the holding of
the same in contact with the platen, so that it will move with the latter as the same
is turned to accomplish the line spacing.
To hold or grip the paper against the bottom surface of the platen, where the
advance edge of the paper first comes in contact with the platen in the act of
inserting the sheet, I employ a presser-roller which is mounted at its ends in
bearings attached to the forward and free extremities of horizontally arranged
spring arms, located at opposite ends of the carriage frame, which are rigidly
attached to the said frame at their rear ends. These spring arms serve to hold the
said lower presser-roller against the paper and to press the same firmly into contact
with the platen. To release the said lower presser-roller from contact with the
platen, as necessary for adjusting the paper after insertion and sometimes for con-
venience in inserting the advance edge of the paper, a rock-shaft is mounted in the
frame and extends longitudinally thereof above said spring arms, said rock shaft
being provided with cam arms or projections adapted to act upon the spring arms
in such manner as to depress the same when the rock-shaft is turned in a direction
to carry the cam arms against the spring-arms. Said rock-shaft is provided at
one end with a hand lever, by which it may be conveniently turned when desired.
A guide plate for the paper is also attached to said spring arms; the same extending
forwardly and upwardly around the platen from the lower presser-roller, to guide
the advance edge of the paper after it leaves said roller.
As a means of holding the paper in contact with the platen, as it is passed
upwardly at the front surface of the same toward the striking point of the types,
two other presser-rollers are located at the front of the platen above and below the
center line of the same. The uppermost of said front rollers is mounted at its ends
in two upright supporting arms, the lower ends of which are pivoted to the machine
frame near the bottom of the same in such manner as to permit the said upper roller
to move inwardly and outwardly toward and from the platen. The lowermost of
the two front rollers is journaled at its ends in two supporting arms, which arms
are pivoted at their upper ends to the inner faces of the supporting arms of the.
upper front roller below the pivots of the latter; this construction enabling the
lower roller to move toward and from the platen by the swinging of said arms on
their pivots. For holding both of said rollers against the platen with a spring or
yielding pressure, two leaf springs are employed, said springs being attached to
the carriage with their free ends bearing inwardly upon the supporting arms of the
lowermost roller, at points between the ends of said arms. The springs thus
arranged act to throw both sets of arms inwardly toward the platen, by reason of
the fact that the supporting arms of the lower roller are pivoted to the supporting
arms of the uppermost roller below the pivots of the latter, as stated. A guide plate
attached to the said arms of the lower front roller, extends between the two rollers
to guide or deflect upwardly the advance edge of the paper, after it passes the lower

page_text: roller, when inserting the sheet. A strip marked with a scale is mounted on the
free ends of the supporting arms of the upper front roller, said arms being extended
past the bearings of said upper roller a sufficient distance to afford proper support
for said strip.
As an improved construction in a ribbon throw or device for moving the ribbon
away from the printing point so that the writing will always be in sight, except at
the moment when the impression is being made, devices are provided as follows:
A rigid supporting arm is attached to the carriage-supporting frame and extends
to a point in front of the platen. Pivoted at their lower ends to said frame are
two links of equal length arranged one behind the other and parallel with each
other. The upper ends of said links are pivoted to a horizontally arranged guide-
plate which extends toward the platen and is provided with two ribbon guides
or guide loops located at opposite sides of the printing point. The pivoted links
described afford movement of the guide plate horizontally toward and from the
printing point while maintaining the said plate constantly in its horizontal position.
For actuating the guide plate, one of said links is provided at its lower end with a
rigidly attached crank-arm, to which oscillatory motion is communicated through
suitable connection with the universal or spacing bar of the machine; the parts
being so arranged that when any key is depressed the upper ends of the links and
the guide plate thereon will be swung toward the platen and the inking ribbon
will be carried over the printing point, and, when the keys are released and the
type-bars rise, said guide plate and ribbon will be drawn backwardly away from
the platen.
As an improved ribbon feeding device adapted for use in connection with type-
writing machines having two ribbon spools upon which the ribbon is wound in
alternation by driving connections acting on one or the other of the two spools,
devices are provided as follows:
Said spools are secured to the upper ends of vertical shafts which extend therefrom
downwardly through the base plate of the machine at opposite sides thereof. On
the lower ends of said spool shafts are secured toothed wheels, adapted for engage-
ment with worm wheels attached to the ends of a horizontal shaft which extends
horizontally across the machine frame beneath the base plate. Said worm-wheel
shaft is mounted in a horizontally swinging frame which is pivoted centrally to the
base plate of the machine. The worm-wheel shaft is so arranged with respect to
the spool-shafts that one only of the worm-wheels can be engaged with its corre-
sponding toothed wheel at one time. An actuating lever, pivoted to the machine
frame, is connected by a link with the said frame, so that the latter
may be swung,
with the worm-wheel shaft, to bring either of the worm-wheels thereon into engage-
ment with one of the toothed wheels on the spool shafts. A spring detent is adapted
to engage either one of two notches in said actuating lever, so as to hold the parts
from being accidentally moved, after the worm-wheel shaft has been placed in engage-
ment with one or the other of the spool shafts. At the center of said worm-wheel
shaft and adjacent to the pivotal axis of the swinging frame is secured a ratchet
wheel which is engaged by two vertically movable pawls, one on each side thereof,
which pawls are mounted on and given movement by a part connected with the
universal bar of the machine. Said pawls operate to turn the worm-shaft a short
distance at each downward and upward stroke of the universal bar and thereby
produce a rotary movement of the spool-shaft which is at the time in gear with the
worm-shaft. When the ribbon has been exhausted from one of the spools, its
direction of movement is reversed by swinging the worm-wheel shaft, so that
movement will be given to the opposite spool-shaft, the shaft containing
the filled spool being left free to be turned as the ribbon is drawn from
its spool.
As an improved construction in means for supporting the ribbon spools and
ribbon, I employ, in connection with upright ribbon spool shafts, arranged as
herein before described, stationary boxes or housings for the spools, attached to the
frame and provided with suitable removable covers, and slots for the exit of the

page_text: ribbon. I also employ, in connection with such boxes, ribbon spools which are
without flanges and which are of a length practically equal to the width of the
ribbon wound thereon. Said spools are provided with central holes or sockets
adapted to receive the upper ends of the spool shafts and to have frictional engage-
ment therewith. The ribbon boxes and spools thus constructed serve to hold the
ribbon in place and to insure the smooth and uniform feeding thereof as the ribbon
is drawn therefrom, while at the same time fully protecting the ribbon from dust
and dirt
As an improved line lock, or device for automatically locking all of the keys from
movement when the end of a line of printing is reached, to prevent the characters
from being printed by the carelessness of the operator, one upon the other after the
carriage has reached the extreme limit of its movement, devices are provided as
follows: Beneath the forward ends of the key levers is located a vertically slotted
stop-plate having slots arranged at the same distance apart as the key levers.
Said plate normally stands in such position that the key levers, when depressed,
severally pass downwardly into the said slots. Said slotted stop plate is adapted
for endwise movement so that it may be shifted far enough to carry the slots away
from beneath the key levers when it is desired to lock the same and prevent their
operation. For actuating said stop plate, I employ a movable trip-arm, having
operative connection with the said stop-plate and is located on the frame in the
path of a pin or projection on the carriage, the parts being so arranged that the
trip-arm will be struck and actuated as the carriage is approaching the limit of
its movement to the left and the stop plate will thereby be shifted into position to
lock the key levers in the manner described. In connection with such stop-plate
and automatic actuating devices therefor, is employed a hand actuated, restoring
device by which the stop plate may be thrown out of its operative position in case
the operator desires to add a limited number of letters to a line after the stop plate
has been automatically shifted, it being preferable that the line stop device shall
be arranged to operate before the carriage shall reach the extreme limit of its
movement in order to enable a word or syllable to be finished after the line stop
shall have been operated. As a simple and practical means of connecting the trip
arm with the stop-plate said trip-arm is pivotally mounted on the frame, and a
horizontal rock-shaft is arranged to extend in a direction from front to rear of the
machine, and has a rigid arm that is connected by a link with the said trip-arm
and a second rigid arm which is engaged with the stop plate in such manner that
the stop plate will be moved endwise upon the turning of the rock shaft. A spring
applied to the stop plate acts thereon in a direction to retain it in its normal position,
so that as soon as the carriage is shifted back to its starting point and the trip-arm
thereby released, the stop-plate will be moved by the spring into position to permit
the keys to be actuated. To provide for the movement of the stop-plate under the
action of the restoring spring, devices are provided for releasing the stop-plate from
its actuating devices by hand, so that additional letters may be added to the end
of a line before the carriage is moved backwardly. Provision for such release of
the stop-plate is made in the construction last described, by mounting the rock-
shaft in such manner that it will slide endwise in its bearings, and by providing a
detachable connection of the arm thereof which engages the stop plate, with the
said stop-plate, by means of a crank-pin on the end of the arm engaging a hole in
the stop-plate so that by an endwise movement of the rock-shaft, the crank pin
may be withdrawn from the said hole and the stop-plate released and left free to
return to its normal position. In connection with such endwise moving rock-shaft
a spring is applied to throw the same forward or into a position for engagement
of the crank-pin with the stop-plate and a knob or finger piece is applied to its
front end at a point adjacent to the keys, to which knob the finger may be applied
for moving the rock-shaft endwise and thereby releasing the stop plate. A spring
is also applied to the rock-shaft or to the trip arm, acting to rotate the shaft in
direction to restore said parts to their normal position after they are moved by
contact of the carriage stop with said trip-arm. When the pressure of the finger i

page_text: removed from the rock-shaft thus constructed and arranged, the latter will be
thrown forward again by its spring so as to bring the crank pin into contact with
the face of the stop-plate, so that, as soon as the carriage shall be moved backwardly
to release the trip-arm, said rock-shaft will be turned by its restoring spring and
the crank-pin thereby brought into position for re-engagement with the hole in the
stop-plate, such re-engagement taking place automatically as soon as the crank-pin,
(which is pressed by the spring giving endwise movement to the rock-shaft against
the face of the stop-plate) is carried by said restoring spring to a point opposite said
hole. After such re-engagement has occurred, the parts will then be in condition
for subsequent operation in the same manner as before described.
Dated this 11th day of March 1897.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
I, GRANGER L'ARWELL, of 226, La Salle Street, Chicago, in the County of Cook,
and State of Illinois, United States of America, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to improvements in typewriting machines of that kind
having a revolving platen or cylinder against which the paper is held during the
act of printing, said platen being mounted in an endwise movable carriage and
wherein the types are mounted on swinging type bars located above the platen and
arranged to swing on horizontal axes arranged transversely to the platen, so that
the type will strike downwardly upon the platen and the letters printed will be
constantly in view of the operator. Several of the improvements herein described
may, however, be applied to typewriting machines of other kinds.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a view in central, vertical section of a typewriting machine embody-
ing my invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of said machine with the paper carriage removed to show
the parts beneath the same.
Figure 3 is a view of the machine from beneath, showing the base plate and the
parts immediately adjacent thereto.
Figure 4 is a plan view, on an enlarged scale of the paper carriage removed from
the machine.
Figure 5 is a view in front elevation of the paper carriage on an enlarged
scale.
Figure 6 is a view of the paper carriage as seen from beneath on an enlarged
scale.
Figure 7 is a plan section of the carriage taken on line 7--7 of Figure 5 on an
enlarged scale.
Figure 8 is a detail end view of the carriage frame showing the devices for
actuating the platen to effect the line feed.
Figure 9 is an enlarged, sectional view of the said carriage, taken on line 9-9
of Figure 4.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal section, taken on line 10-10 of Figure 8, illustrat-
ing more in detail the devices for shifting the platen.
Figure 11 is a detail section, taken on line 11-11 of Figure 10, illustrating the
devices for varying the extent of line feed.

page_text: Figure 12 is a detail section of the carriage, taken on line 12-12 of Figure 5,
showing the arms which support the paper feeding rollers.
Figure 13 is a detail section of the carriage end-plate, taken on line 13-13 of
Figure 8, showing the actuating lever for the platen holding pawl.
Figure 14 is a view in perspective of the universal bar, the letter spacing devices 5
and the ribbon throw.
Figure 15 is a front elevation of the ribbon throw and letter spacing devices.
Figure 16 is a plan section of the escape mechanism, taken on the line 16-16
of Figure 15.
Figure 17 is an elevation with parts in section, of the escape wheel and stiff 1
and limber pawls, taken on line 17-17 of Figure 16.
Figure 18 is a view in side elevation of the same parts, showing a changed posi-
tion of the limber pawl.
Figure 19 is a detail end elevation of the shifting frame which supports the
carriage.
Figure 20 is a detail sectional view, taken on line 20-20 of Figure 19, showing
the roller bearing which takes the end thrust of the shifting frame and the adjust-
able margin stop.
Figure 21 is a sectional plan view of the parts shown in Figures 19 and 20, taken
on line 21-21 of the same figures.
Figure 22 is a detail cross section, taken on line 22-22 of Figure 2, showing
the carriage shift keys in side elevation.
Figure 23 is a detail view of the rock shaft which forms part of the carriage
shifting devices.
Figure 24 is a detail sectional elevation, taken on line 24-24 of Figure 3, show-
ing the ribbon spool and ribbon feeding devices.
Figure 25 is a detail section taken on line 25-25 of Figure 24, showing in side
view the worm gear of the ribbon feeding devices.
Figure 26 is a detail plan view of one of the type-bar frames and the ribbon
spool case thereon, with the cover of said case removed.
Figure 27 is a view in side elevation of one of the ribbon spool cases, with the
cover thereon.
Figure 28 is a detail side view of a part of one of the key levers, showing the
spring arm by which the type-bar link is connected with said lever.
Figure 29 is a detail plan view of the parts shown in Figure 28.
Figure 30 is a detail plan view of the parts below the carriage at the left-hand
side of the machine.
Figure 31 is a detail section taken on line 31-31 of Figure 30.
Figure 32 is a detail section of the rear support of the shifting frame, taken on
line 32 32 of Figure 1.
Figure 33 is a detail vertical section, taken on line 33-33 of Figure 32.
Figure 34 is a detail section taken through the line stop block on line 34-34
of Figure 5, and
Figure 35 is a plan view of the line stop block removed from the machine.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the various figures.
As shown in said drawings, A designates the base plate of the machine, con-
sisting of a flat, horizontal flanged metal casting, and BB the key levers which
extend from the front to the rear of the machine, above and generally parallel
with the base plate, and pivotally supported at their rear ends by means of trans
verse pivots supported in standards A' on the base plate. Said levers are divided
into two groups, in each of which the rear ends of the levers are brought together
and pivoted to one of the standards, as clearly seen in the plan view, Figure 2
At their front ends the key levers engage a vertically slotted guide bar A² attached
to the base plate. (Figures 1 and 2.)
The several key levers are lifted and held normally in an elevated position by
means of springs 131 (Figure 1) herein shown as made of U-form and locate
between the base plate and the key levers,

page_text: CC indicate the type bars, which are of loop or U-form and are attached to
shafts C¹ C¹ Figures 2 and 26, which are mounted in supporting frames 1), D. The
type-bars are arranged in two groups at opposite sides of the centre of the machine
so as to swing on horizontal axes, and act on a platen or paper supporting roller E
which is located in position for the action thereon of the type bars of both groups,
and is mounted in an endwise movable carriage which is moved or shifted endwise
to feed the platen and the paper thereon past the printing or striking point of the
type bars. The supporting frames D overhang the platen E (Figure 1) and are
attached to posts or uprights 1, Figure 24 on the base. Said type bars are pro-
vided at their central parts with type heads C2 and are actuated from the key-
levers by means of upright links e¹ which are pivoted to crank arms c on the type
bars. Figures 1 and 2. The supporting frames 1) are provided with yokes DD³
to which are attached inclined supports or rests 14 provided on their inner faces
with impact cushions C against which the rear sides of the type heads rest when
in their normal or retracted position.
The type bar heads carry each a plurality of type faces or types, preferably three,
whereby an upper and lower case letter and a numeral or a punctuation mark may
be arranged on each type head; the platen and its carriage being movable and
controlled by suitable shifting devices, so that either of the types on the type heads
may be printed from at will.
As an improvement in the arrangement of the type bars, of a machine of the
character described, I purpose to arrange the same with their pivotal axes at an
angle with respect to the central axis of the platen and with the axes of type bars
in the two groups at opposite angles, so that the axes belonging to the two groups
diverge from each other from front to rear. This construction is plainly seen in
the drawings (Figure 2), wherein the supporting frames D D are angularly
arranged with respect to the posts or uprights D¹ and the rock shafts or spindles C₁
are correspondingly inclined. The oblique arrangement of the type bars described
results in bringing the printing or contact point, at which the types strike the
platen, rearwardly of the points at which the types rest when retracted. This
construction affords a wider space or opening at which the paper is exposed to the
eye of the operator and enables more of the writing to be seen at one time. The
construction described, moreover, by bringing the contact point to the rear of
the centre of the type bars affords more space for the carriage and the platen at
the rear of the standards which support the bearings for the type bars and thereby
permits the use of a larger platen while making the machine more compact and
stronger than in the case in which the type-bar axes are arranged at right angles
with respect to the platen.
As an improvement in the means for transmitting motion from the key levers
to the type-bars, I have provided an elastic or resilient connection between said
parts, of a sufficiently yielding character to soften or cushion the blow when the
fingers strike the keys, but not so yielding as to interfere with the prompt and
positive action of the type arms. As a preferred form of such elastic connection, I
interpose a spring between the key lever and the connecting rod or link el, and I
make this spring in the form of a spring arm 12, (Figures 28 and 29) which spring
arm is arranged in a vertical plane and secured against the side of the key-lever B;
the spring arm being rigidly attached at one end to the type lever and
having its opposite or free end engaged with the link. The yielding or resilient con-
nection, in this instance, is afforded by the yielding of the spring arm edgewise
in a vertical plane. The said spring arm B2 is shown as attached to the key lever
at the rear of the links and adjacent to the upper edges of the type levers by
means of rivets inserted through the rear end of the arm. Said arm is also shown
as having at its free end a tooth or projection 6' which projects through an eye in
the lower end of the link, the upper type lever being notched or cut away adjacent
to the end of the spring arm to afford room for the said eye. As a means for hold-
ing the link in engagement with the said tooth b', the metal of the key-lever is
slit on a line with the bottom of the notch so as to form a tongue 62, the end of

page_text: which stands opposite the end of the spring arm and thereby holds the link from
outward movement. Said tongue 62 may obviously be bent laterally to permit the
disconnection of the link from, or its connection with, the spring arm. To hold
the spring arm from lateral movement or displacement, the same is shown as pro-
vided with a depending part or arm b³, in which is formed a vertical slot 6 and
through which is inserted a stud b, which is secured in the key lever, the said stud
being loosely inserted in said slot to permit the end of the spring arm to move
freely in a vertical direction.
The employment of a spring or resilient connection between the key lever and
the type arm has the effect in all cases of making the action of the keys easier and
more agreeable to the operator, but these advantages are especially marked in the
case of metal key levers, which, by reason of their inelastic quality, tend to give
a harsh and unpleasant action if no such elastic connection be employed.
The paper carriage frame, in the preferred construction illustrated, consists of
two end plates E, E, a longitudinal bar E2 at the lower front part of the frame,
which constitutes the rack bar of the spacing mechanism, and a rear frame bar E³
(Figure 6). The said carriage is mounted to slide endwise on a shifting frame,
which consists of a transverse guide bar F (Figures 1, 2 and 19), a horizontal yoke
piece F¹ extending rearwardly therefrom, a horizontal rear guide bar F and a
horizontal, rearwardly extending guide-rod F3 which is attached to the rear end
of the yoke piece F and slides in a bracket F Figure 1 attached to the rear part
of the base plate.
The devices illustrated for sustaining the shifting carriage frame consists of two
rocking standards G, G, which are located beneath the outer ends of the frame-
yoke F Figure 22 and a similar standard G¹ located beneath the guide-rod F
(Figures 1 and 22). Each of said rocking standards consists of a flat plate, curved
at both its upper and lower ends to form circular arcs which are segments of the
same circle, so that when the shifting frame is moved backward or forward it will
remain in the same horizontal plane. The upper and lower ends of the standards
are longitudinally grooved, and engage at their upper ends with depending
flanges gy on the ends of the yoke-piece F and a similar flange g¹ on the guide-
rod At their lower ends the several standards are engaged with vertical
flanges which rise from plates G² (Figure 22) which are adjustably attached to
the machine base-plate. For adjustably connecting the said plates G² with the
base plate, tubular screw-plugs are inserted through the base plate, and bear
against the plates G2, and holding screws are inserted through the said plugs
and are engaged at their upper ends with screw threaded holes in the plates. The.
said standards are also provided at their ends with central notches which are
engaged by pins go which are inserted through the flanges g² and serve to loosely
confine the rockers and hold them from backward or forward movement. To hold
the forward end of the shifting frame from rising, the yoke F1 is provided with
horizontal arms f f which extend outside of the standards D¹¹ beneath studs f¹ fi
thereon (Figures 30 and 31).
To hold the rear end of the shifting frame from being lifted from its place, the
rod F is engaged with a guide standard F located at the rear end of the base
plate, said standards being provided with a separate bearing ring F5 (Figures 32
and 33) which is removably confined in a recess in the standard in such manner
that the said ring will be held from upward or lateral movement while at the same
time the weight of the rear part of the shifting frame will be carried entirely by
the rocking standard G¹ (Fig. 1). For so supporting the bearing ring F the
opening or recess in the standard is made somewhat larger than the ring and the
ring is held or confined in position by means of two horizontal set screws f³ f²,
which pass through the sides of the standard and engage the outer face of the 'ring,
and a third set screw f3 which is inserted vertically through a removable cap
piece and engages a holding recess in the top face of the ring.
The cap
piece is connected with the standard at one side of the recess by a pivot f* and
is held at the opposite side thereof by a removable pin f³, so that said cap piece

page_text: with set screw thereon may be easily swung back or lifted for the purpose of dis-
engaging the holding recess in the ring and thus permit the ring to be removed
endwise out of the recess so that the rod may be lifted therefrom in taking the
shifting frame out of the machine. The lateral set screws obviously afford lateral
adjustment of said bearing ring, while the top set screw enables the ring to be
adjusted vertically.
The backward and forward movement of the shifting frame is limited by means
of adjustable stops or nuts f f placed on a screw-threaded part of the stem F3 at
either side of a standard F (Fig. 1), which rises from the base plate and is pro-
vided at its upper end with a notch, through which the stem freely passes.
In order to resist the tendency to endwise movement in the shifting frame due
to the pull of the carriages actuating spring upon the carriage, devices are pro-
vided as follows: Attached to the yoke F of the shifting frame at a point near the
center of the machine and at the rear of the guide rod F, is a metal block F8
(Figures 2, 20, 21 and 30), said block being provided with a horizontal groove or
recess in its side face and having mounted in said groove or recess
two anti-
frictional rollers f8 which project beyond the sides of the block and are adapted
to bear against a vertical guide flange or plate " which extends from front to
rear of the machine and is herein shown as forming part of a block or standard Fo
which rises from the base plate of the machine. The block F8 is herein shown as
attached to the yoke piece F by means of a holding screw f" which passes
vertically through the block into the said yoke piece. The upper end of the
standard is shown as provided with a flange G arranged parallel with the
guide flange F and forming a groove or recess in which the block F8 rests and
moves. The said flange F serves to hold the shifting frame from movement to
the right, but is normally free from contact with the block F8, so as to avoid
frictional resistance to the backward and forward movement of the shifting frame.
In order to afford a means for adjustment of the guide plate or flange 1 to the
right or left, said guide plate is separated from the body of the standard F10 by a
vertical slot f10 (Figures 20 and 21) which reaches nearly to the base plate, and a
set screw fis inserted through the guide plate and into the body of the standard;
the said slot giving sufficient elasticity to the lower part of the plate to enable the
upper part of the same to be swung or moved to the slight extent needed by
tightening or loosening said set-screw fll.
The paper carriage is sustained at its front edge upon the guide bar F by means
of grooved supporting rollers F, (Figure 9) which are preferably two in number
(Figure 6) and are mounted on pivot pins inserted through depending lugs on the
bar E of the carriage, and the carriage is held from rising, or being lifted from its
place at the front edge by means of two lugs e e (Figs. 5 and 6) on the carriage
frame, which extend downwardly and beneath the guide-bar F. The rear part of
the carriage is sustained by means of a supporting roller H, (Figures 1 and 6)
which is mounted on an arm H' attached to the rear frame bar E3 of the carriage
frame and which rests and travels on the rear guide-rod F2 of the shifting frame,
in the endwise traverse of the carriage. To hold the carriage from rising at its
rear part a stop arm H2 (Fig. 1) is secured to the rear frame bar E in such
manner as to extend beneath the said rod F2.
The shifting frame is so constructed that the plate E and its carriage may be
shifted in either direction from a central point, the carriage being shifted back-
wardly for one set of types or characters and forwardly for another set, while it
remains immovable or in its central position for the third or intermediate set
of types. To accomplish such movement of the carriage backward and forward
from its central position devices are connected with the shifting frame, as
follows:-
I, I, (Figures 2 and 22) represent shifting levers having their keys i, ¹ in the
key board, preferably at the left hand side of the same, and pivoted at their rear
ends to a standard I rising from the base plate A (Figure 2); said levers being
guided in a vertical slot formed in the left hand end of the guide bar A². Mounted

page_text: on the frame base at the rear of the guide plate is a rock shaft J, (Figures 2, 22
and 23), which extends from a point beneath the shifting levers to. the centre of
the machine and is provided with two laterally extending crank arms J1 J1 and
an upwardly extending crank arm J2. The crank arm J (Figures 22 and 23) is
located near the centre of the machine and is connected with the shifting frame by
means of a rearwardly extending rod J³ (Figures 19 and 22) the rear end of
which is pivoted to a depending arm F12 on the central part of the yoke F¹ of the
shifting frame. (Figures 19 and 21).
.
Two crank arms J, J', extend, one forwardly and the other rearwardly, from
the rock-shaft, at an upward inclination, and are provided at their ends with
On the base-
notches (Figure 22) located in the end faces of the arms.
arms, are two
plate of the machine, adjacent to the ends of said
are opposite
stationary plates J J*, provided with notches jj which
in its
the notches in
when
the crank-arms,
the shifting frame is
normal position. Pivoted to the shifting levers I, 1¹, are two depend-
ing links J, J, carrying at their lower ends lateral studs, which are
adapted for engagement with either the notches or j. Said notches are inclined
or oblique, and lifting springs 12, 13, applied to the shifting levers, normally
retain the said studs in the outer or stationary notches j¹. When one of the shift-
ing levers is depressed, the stud carried thereby, first slides inwardly from the
notch into the notch in the end of the crank-arm, and after becoming
engaged with said crank-arm, acts the latter to depress the same,
and thereby gives movement the rock shaft and shifting frame.
Provision is made for confining the stud within the notch of the crank-arm,
during the time said crank-arm is moving downwardly from its normal position,
that herein show consisting of a curved guide surface or arm on the stationary
plates J; the same being curved concentrically with the rock-shaft and arranged
to keep closed the open end of the notch throughout the swing of the crank-arm.
Obviously the crank-shaft will always be free to be turned in either direction,
upon the depression of either key; the shifting of the studs into the stationary
notches leaving the crank-arms entirely disconnected from the shifting keys,
except when one of the same is being operated.
to
On
The shifting levers are provided with stop projections I*, I³, adapted for contact
with a laterally projecting arm F15 on the shifting frame (Figures 22, 30 and 31);
so as to limit the movement of the same and hold the carriage immovable when in
its central position. To hold the carriage for some length of time in its shifted
position, a hand lever K (Figures 2 and 22) is arranged vertically between the
levers I and I and is pivoted at its lower end to the guide bar A2; said lever K
being provided with outwardly facing stop shoulders, located in such position as
to hold either one of the spacing keys depressed.
A spring actuated mechanism is provided for giving motion to the carriage, and
also a spacing or feed device by which the carriage is allowed to move under the
action of said spring one space at each time a key is depressed for printing a
letter; these parts being made as follows.
K (Figure 1) indicates a drum, which contains a carriage-actuating spring and
has wrapped about it a strap K², the free end of which is attached to a hook
(Figure 6) on the carriage frame. Said drum is attached to a vertical shaft K
which extends downwardly through the base of the machine and is provided
below the base with a ratchet wheel and escapement lever (shown in Figure 3) by
which the tension of the spring may be regulated.
The spacing device, for effecting the letter spacing operates in connection with
the carriage rack bar E2 hereinbefore referred to and is constructed as follows:
L, (Figures and 14), indicates an upright escape wheel shaft, mounted on the
front of the shifting frame near the centre of the machine. Said shaft carries a
its upper end a gear pinion L¹, adapted to engage the rackbar, E2 of the carriage
frame, (Figure 1), and at its lower end an escape wheel L². The upper end of th
shaft L is adapted to move toward and from the rack bar, about an axis o
oscillation located adjacent to the escape wheel. The said shaft engages at it

page_text: lower end a bearing aperture in a horizontal bar F13 which is attached to the lower
end of the arm F2 on the shifting frame, (Figures 1, 19 and 20), the bearing
aperture being made of slightly elongated shape to afford the necessary freedom of
movement in the upper end of the shaft. The said upper end of the shaft L
passes through a sliding block L3 which is mounted in a guide slot in an arm or
bracket F on the shifting frame. The bearing block L³ is held normally in its
rearward position and the said pinion is retained in mesh with the rack bar by
means of a coiled spring L, which is inserted in the slot of the bracket F14 between
the plateFigures 14 and 15 which closes the front end of the slot and the said
block L³.
To now describe the escape device, by which the escape wheel L2 is allowed to
turn step by step and the carriage allowed to advance under the action of the
carriage actuating spring when the several keys are operated, the same is con-
structed as follows: M is an oscillatory escapement lever (Figures 14, 16, 17
and 18) which extends from front to rear of the machine and is pivoted on the
depending arm F12 of the shifting frame, so as to swing in a vertical plane, with
its forward end at one side of and adjacent to the escape wheel L2. Said lever
carries stiff and limber pawls m m', which are adapted for engagement with the
teeth of the escape-wheel so as to permit the wheel to turn tooth by tooth when the
lever is oscillated. The stiff pawl m, has the form of a rigid projection or tooth
on the end of the lever M, and the limber pawl m' is pivotally supported at its
upper end, by means of a transverse pivot m³ upon the upper end of a standard m
on said lever, so as to swing in a vertical plane parallel with the axis of the
escape wheel. The stiff pawl m is adapted for alternate engagement with and
disengagement from the teeth of the escape wheel by vertical movement or oscilla-
tion of the front end of the lever M, the said stiff pawl being adapted for engage-
ment with the teeth of the wheel when the lever is elevated. The limber pawl is
also adapted for engagement with and disengagement from the teeth of the escape
wheel by the vertical movement of said lever M, said pawl for this purpose, being
arranged above the stiff pawl m, (Figure 15). The parts are so arranged that,
when the escapement lever is depressed, the lower part of the limber pawl m¹ will
engage the teeth of the escape wheel, and when it is elevated the stiff pawl m
will be engaged by the said teeth and the limber pawl will be released there-
from. A back stop m for the limber pawl is formed by means of an upward
projection on the lever M, and a front stop for said limber pawl, is formed by
projection m on the upper end of the limber pawl which is adapted for contact
with the upper end of the standard mt, (Figure 17). The limber pawl is held
normally in contact with the back stop by means of a suitably applied spring,
herein shown as having the form of a coiled spring m (Figures 16 and 17), placed
around the pivot m³ of the limber pawl. The escape wheel turns in a direction
to carry the limber pawl toward the back stop m³, when engaged with said pawl,
against the action of the spring m³, as clearly seen in Figure 17, and holds
it in contact with the same. When the parts are at rest, the escapement lever
stands at the lower limit of its movement, and one tooth of the escape wheel rests
in contact with the limber pawl, which holds the escape wheel from turning.
When the escape lever is moved so as to lift its free end the limber pawl will be
lifted until free from the escape wheel, at which time the tooth previously engaged
by the limber pawl will come in contact with, and be arrested by the stiff pawl m,
while the limber pawl will be released, and, under the action of its spring m will
return to its forward position as seen in Figure 18. Upon the subsequent descent
of the escape-lever, the teeth of the escape wheel in contact with the stiff pawl will
be released so as to permit the turning of the wheel, but in the descent of the
escape lever the next succeeding tooth will be caught by the descending limber
pawl, which will be moved thereby until arrested by the back stop, thus permitting
the turning of the escape wheel a distance of one tooth at each oscillation of the
escape lever.
The said limber pawl is provided with a separate, yielding, lower part or

page_text: section m8 which immediately engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel and is con-
nected by a pivot m' with the main part of the limber pawl, in such manner that
it will swing forward from its operative position under the pressure of the escape
wheel teeth, but will be held from any backward movement from such operative
position by a suitably arranged stop-arm m³, which extends rearwardly from the
lower part m8 and bears against the rear surface of the upper part adjacent to the
pivot connecting the same, as clearly seen in the drawings (Figures 17 and 18).
The said yielding section m8 is held normally in its operative position by a suit-
ably applied spring, herein shown as having the form of a coiled spring mll placed
around the pivot m³ and bearing at its ends against the two parts of the pawl.
The said yielding part or section m8 being free to swing forward, allows the escape
wheel teeth to move freely past the limber pawl if the escape wheel be turning
rearwardly or in the reverse direction from that in which it turns during the usual
operation of the spacing mechanism. The construction of the limber pawl with
the separate yielding section, therefore, enables the carriage to be thrust back-
wardly or returned to its starting point for a new line without disengaging the
escape wheel shaft from the rack bar; thereby rendering the employment of the
devices provided for this purpose unnecessary except when it is desired to release
the carriage and allow it to move backwardly for inserting a letter at a desired
place in the line, which is done in making corrections or under like circumstances.
Now referring to the means illustrated for giving motion to the escape lever,
these parts are constructed as follows: 0 (Figures 1, 23 and 14) indicate a trans-
versely arranged, vertically movable space bar located beneath and adapted for
actuation by all of the key levers. Said space bar is attached to the rear ends of
two arms ³, (Figures 3 and 14) the forward ends of which are rigidly attached to
a rock shaft having bearings at its ends in lugs o' on the base-plate, as seen
in Figure 1. The said space bar O is connected with the said rock shaft 0º, not
only by the arm 0, located at the ends of said bars, but also by means of an
intermediate bar 03, (Figure 14) which is intersected by a transverse frame-bar 0%,
these parts constituting a rigid space bar franie. The escape lever M is operated
directly from the bar G, by means of a slotted yoke 05, (Figures 3 and 14) which
is pivoted to the rear end of the lever M, and is provided in its lower part with a
horizontal slot, o², adapted to receive a stud 03, which is secured in the rear end
of said lever. Said yoke 05 has a vertical shank or stem 06 which has vertically
sliding engagement with a stationary guide block 07 (Figures 1 and 19) which,
as herein shown, is formed on the rear end of the bar F13 (Figure 19). Through
the medium of the slotted yoke 0³, vertical movement of the space bar is trans-
mitted directly to the escapement lever M, while backward and forward movement
of said lever with the shifting frame is permitted by the said slot o², without
affecting the action of the escape-devices.
The intermediate arm 03, which connects the space bar O with the rock shaft 02,
as above described, afford means for connecting a space key P, (Figures 1, 2
and 3) located in front of the key board, with the said escape devices. The said
space key is attached to two parallel levers, P, which are pivoted at their rear
ends to depending lugs P2 P2 on the base plate (shown in Figures 3 and 24) by
means of pivots ? around one of which is placed a coiled spring p', which acts
to hold the space key normally in its elevated position. At a point forward of the
pivot lugs P a cross bar P³ (Figures 1, 3 and 14) rigidly connects the levers P,
and said cross bar is connected with the space-bar frame by means of a vertical
bolt P, having a nut at its lower end which forms an adjustable stop against
which the cross-bar acts.
The space-bar frame is thrown upwardly and the space-bar held in contact with
the key-levers by means of a volute spring P5 (Figures 1, 3 and 14), the inner
end of which is attached to the rock-shaft 02, and the outer end of which is
connected with the base-plate by means of a screw P6, by which the tension of
the spring may be adjusted. Two upwardly pressing springs P7 P7 Figures 1
and 3 are arranged beneath the space-bar 0, in position to be struck by said bar

page_text: when the same is depressed, said springs serving to gradually arrest the downward
movement of the space bar when the keys are struck. The springs P7 P7 are
shown as made of "U "form with their lower, horizontal arms secured to the
base-plate beneath the same and their upper arms apertured and engaged with
vertical guide-posts P8 P8 on the base-plate. Adjustment of the tension of said
springs is afforded by a cross-bar P which extends beneath and in contact with
the lower parts of the springs, and which is connected with the base-plate by
means of an adjusting screw P².
Devices are provided for moving the upper end of the shaft L and the pinion L¹
thereon away from the rack-bar of the carriage, for the purpose of releasing said
carriage from the spacing devices when it is desired to shift or move the carriage
backward to insert a letter in making corrections, or at other times, as follows:
Above the rack-bar E2 (Figures 1, and 9) is a longitudinally arranged, hori-
zontally movable releasing bar Q arranged to slide obliquely on the rack-bar, and
held in place thereon by studs qg, which engage oblique slots q', q', in the said
bar. The outer or working edge of the bar is adapted to engage an anti-friction
roller Q, (Figures 1 and 9) mounted on the upper end of the shaft L above the
said pinion L, when the said bar is advanced. A suitably applied spring, in this
instance having the form of a "U" spring 72 Figures 7 and 9, is engaged at one
end with a stud on the rack-bar and at its other end with the releasing bar, and
serves to throw the latter endwise and rearwardly, and thereby tends to hold it in
its retracted position.
For actuating said releasing bar, and end-wise sliding trip-rod Q³, (Figure 7)
is arranged longitudinally above said releasing bar, said trip-rod extending
beyond the end of the carriage at the left hand side of the machine, and having
on 'its end a finger piece or button Q3. The trip rod is held in place by a stud q
in the rack-bar, which engages a slot in the trip-rod and the inner end of the
trip-rod abuts against a shoulder on the releasing bar, so that the latter will be
moved endwise and outward against the action of the spring q³, when the trip-
rod is thrust inwardly.
The actuating spring of the releasing bar and the spring which throws the
escape wheel shaft toward the rack-bar are together of less strength than the carriage
actuating spring, so that, when pressure is applied to the trip rod, the pinion
will be released from the rack-bar and will remain free therefrom and the carriage
may be moved freely so long as such pressure is maintained.
As an improved construction in automatic line spacing devices for the platens
of machines of that class in which the platen is turned automatically a line space
at a time at each movement of the carriage backward to a starting point, I have
provided devices, which are more clearly shown in the Figures 8 to 13 and are
constructed as follows:-Mounted on the platen spindle R is a ratchet or gear
wheel S through which the platen is turned for line spacing and by which it is
held from turning as the line is being printed, said gear wheel being located out-
side of the end of the plate of the carriage frame at the left hand side of the
machine. An oscillating, platen-actuated arm S₁ is mounted on the carriage
concentrically with the axis of the platen, said arm preferably being mounted on
the said spindle. In connection with said arm is employed an oscillating gear
segment S, which is also mounted concentrically with the axis of the platen,
preferably by being also mounted upon the said spindle R. Said gear segment S²
has a bearing aperture s through which the outer portion of the arm S¹ passes,
said outer portion being parallel with the said spindle arm, (Figure 10). The
gear segment S2 is arranged concentrically with the platen shaft and intermeshes
with another gear segment S3, which is mounted to swing horizontally on the lower
part of the carriage frame; the same being herein shown as supported upon a
pivot studs which is secured in the rack-bar E2 (Figure 6) adjacent to the end
plate of the carriage frame. The platen actuating arm $1, together with the
gear pinions S2, S3, are moved in one direction by a spring, herein shown as
having the form of a leaf spring, S4, secured to the bar E2 and bearing at its free

page_text: end against a rigid arm on the segment S³. Said parts are moved in opposition
to the said spring by means of a cam plate $5, (Figures 2 and 30), which is mounted
on the carriage supporting frame and is provided with an oblique edge s³, adapted
for engagement with the free end of an arm s on the segment S³, said arm being
provided with an anti-friction roller 5, which acts against the cam plate. The
parts referred to are so arranged that the gear segment S³ will be swung or moved
on its pivot when the roller 5 engages the oblique surface s³, in the backward
movement of the carriage, and said swinging movement of the gear segment S³
will be transmitted to the gear segment S and from the same to the actuating
arm S¹, which engages said gear segment. Said actuating arm S¹ is movable end-
wise with respect to the gear segment S2, and the free end of said arm is so
arranged that when the arm is thrust inwardly it will engage one of the notches
of the ratchet wheel S, but when retracted, which is its normal position, will be
free from said ratchet wheel. The said actuating arm is moved or shifted through
the medium of a knob or handle R', which is mounted on the platen spindle at
the left hand side of the machine, and which has sliding engagement with the said
spindle. The said knob R¹ is secured to a sleeve r, which slides endwise on the
spindle and is held at the outer limit of its movement by a spring Figure 10,
herein shown as made of coiled form and inserted between the outer end of the
Said sleever is shown as pro-
spindle and the outer, closed end of the sleeve r.
vided with a separate, inner, tubular section 3, which is secured in the same by
a screw, and which is provided at its outer end with a flange, between which
and the end of the sleeve ŕ is formed an annular groove, in which is inserted an
integral sleeve on the actuating arm S¹; it being understood that said arm is
adapted to spring or turn loosely on the sleeve, but is moved endwise therewith,
when pressure is applied to the knob for the purpose of moving the carriage.
Said spring is weaker than the carriage actuating spring, so that the knob will
be moved before the carriage is moved, when pressure is applied to the knob. The
platen actuating arm is held normally disengaged from the ratchet wheel by the
said spring, which holds the knob or handle at the outer limit of its movement,
but said arm is thrust inwardly in the act of moving the carriage backward to
the starting point, and this engagement will continue while the carriage is being
moved toward the right and until the gear segment S3, through the action of the
second gear segment and cam-plate, has been moved or swung laterally, as above
described. As the actuating arm is thus swung or moved, it will carry, with it
the ratchet wheel, and the platen will be thereby turned the desired distance for
effecting the line spacing. As soon as the carriage reaches the point for beginning
a new line, it will of course be held from returning by the action of the letter
spacing devices, and upon relieving the knob or handle from the pressure of the
hand the said knob and the actuating arm will be thrown outwardly by the knob
actuating spring, thereby disengaging the arm from the ratchet wheel and leaving
the said arm free to swing backwardly to its original position in the subsequent
movement of the carriage. The construction described not only affords a simple
means for automatically turning the platen or line spacing, but it has the advan
tage also of leaving the platen free to be rotated by hand for adjusting the paper
with respect to the striking point of the types at the time the carriage stands at
the extreme limit of its movement to the right and while the actuating devices
are still engaged with the cam plate S5; it being obvious that as soon as the actua
ting arm has been released from the ratchet wheel the automatic line spacing
devices will be entirely disconnected from the said ratchet wheel, and the same
and the platen may be freely turned. The extent to which the platen is turned
for line spacing is determined by the extent of oscillatory movement of the actua
ting arm, and provision is made for giving a variable line spacing by varying the
distance through which the actuating arm is allowed to swing backward under
the action of its actuating spring $; the same consisting of a movable stop which
limits the rearward swing of the actuating arm after it has been advanced to
turn the platen. Such movable stop consists of a pivot block S6 (Figures 8 and 11

page_text: which is mounted on the pivot stud s6, secured in the end plate of the carriage,
said block S6 being adapted for contact with a pin or lug s on the inner face of
the gear segment S3 and having lateral and end contact surfaces, either of which
may be brought into position for engagement with said pin, so that the block
forms a stop which, when in one position affords a much greater swing to the
actuating arm than when in another position. As a means of actuating said
block Sa gear segment S7 is attached thereto, said gear segment intermeshing
with a second gear segment $8, which is mounted concentrically with the platen
shaft in position to intermesh with the first gear segment. Conveniently, the
two gear segments referred to, are located in a space between the ratchet wheel, S',
and the adjacent end plate of the machine, and the gear segment S8 is mounted
directly on the platen-spindle. The second gear segment is provided with a hand
lever, which projects outwardly beyond and above the ratchet wheel, in a
position convenient for the finger of the operator. Suitable means are provided
for limiting the movement of the hand lever, the same consisting, as herein shown,
of a projections on the inner face of said lever, which projection is adapted for
contact with the edge of the end-plate E' at cither side of the same. (See
Figures 4 and 5). These parts are so arranged that when said lever S is at one
limit of its movement the block will present its side surface, giving to the actua-
ting arm a movement sufficient for a full line space, and when at the other limit
of its movement, the block will present its end surface and give a shorter
stroke for a half line space.
In connection with the line spacing device described, a holding pawl S Figure 8,
held by spring pressure in contact with the ratchet wheel S, is employed to retain
the platen from turning while the printing is being accomplished; said holding
pawl being shown as consisting of an L-shaped lever, pivoted on a stud 810 and pro-
vided with an arm S10 on which a spring S acts in a direction to hold the free end
of the pawl, which carries an anti-friction roller s, against the teeth of the ratchet
wheel. In order to enable the platen to be turned or adjusted independently of
the line feeding devices, the ratchet wheel is connected with a spindle by a friction
device consisting of an inner part 13 Figure 10, which is rigidly attached to the
spindle R, outer annular part 13, having a conical contact surface engaging the
periphery of the inner part, and a flat spring s, secured to the inner part and
having spring arms which bear against the outer part. In connection with such
frictional device and the holding pawl S, a device is provided for holding the said
pawl so firmly against the ratchet teeth as to prevent said ratchet-wheel from
turning, so that by the application of suitable force to the platen shaft through
the hand of the operator applied to the knob R2 (Figures 45 and 6) at the right
hand end of the platen spindle, the platen may be turned while the ratchet-wheel
remains stationary. Such holding device for the pawl consists of a hand lever $12
which is mounted on a pivot stud s15, and to which is attached a cam-arm or pro-
jection 16 Figure 8, arranged to act upon the pawl in such manner as to hold the
same in engagement with the ratchet wheel so long as pressure is maintained upon
the hand lever in a direction to hold the cam-arm against the pawl. Said cam-arm
is so disposed with relation to the holding pawl that no permanent engagement or
interlocking of the cam-arm with the pawl will take place, so that the holding
pawl will be free to move and permit the turning of the ratchet wheel so soon as
the hand is removed from the lever, thereby insuring that the parts will be restored
to condition for operation as soon as the hand lever is relieved from pressure.
The spring S is shown as made in the form of a "C" spring, which is connected
at one end with a stud 17 on the end plate of the carriage and is engaged at its
other end with the arm S10 of said pawl; said spring serving to retain the holding
pawl against the ratchet-wheel with sufficient force to prevent accidental turning
of the platen, as has heretofore been common. In order, however, to enable the
holding pawl to be entirely disengaged from the ratchet wheel when it is desired
to rotate the platen in making corrections, filling blanks, and the like the lever S12
is provided with a second cam-arm S" Figure 18, which is adapted to bear against

page_text: the arm S10 by a backward movement of the hand lever, this cam projection being
so arranged that it will be locked in engagement with the said arm So when the
hand lever is thrown backward, so that a constant pressure on the hand lever will
not be required to retain the locking lever away from the ratchet wheel.
As a means of holding the hand lever S12 in an intermediate position and thereby
leaving the holding pawl free to move as the ratchet wheel is turned, I have pro-
vided said hand lever with a spring plug $18 (Figure 13) which spring plug is adapted
to engage a conical recess in the outer face of the carriage end-plate at the time
when the hand lever is in an intermediate position, or free from both arms of the
holding pawl.
As an improved construction in the margin stop or device for limiting the rear-
ward movement of the carriage in returning it to its starting point, by which the
width of the margin left on the sheet in printing is determined, devices are pro-
vided as follows:-T (Figures 2, 19, 20 and 30) is a horizontally arranged rod,
which is mounted on the shifting or carriage supporting frame at the rear of and
parallel with the carriage supporting guide-bar F, said rod T being mounted in
guide lugs t, t formed upon the said frame, and being adapted to move endwise in said
guide lug and to also turn or rotate therein. Said rod T carries a stop arm T',
which is adapted for contact with the arm or projection T2 Figure 6 on the bottom
of the carriage frame, said arm or projection being herein shown as being cast
integral with the lower frame bar E2 of the carriage. The shifting of said rod end-
wise in its bearings affords a means for changing the length of the line or the
width of the margin at the left hand side of the sheet. As a means of adjustably
holding the rod in place it is provided at one side with a series of teeth or notches (2
adapted for engagement with a spring-actuated pawl T* which bears against the
notched side of the rod when the stop arm is in operative position, but rests in
contact with the smooth part of the rod and leaves the same free to be moved end-
wise when the rod is turned to carry the said arm out of its operative position.
Said spring detent T* is herein shown as consisting of a plate spring secured by
screws at its rear end to the top of the shifting frame and extending at its front
end beneath the rod T, the said front end of the spring having a turned-up edge t³,
(Figure 20) which is adapted for engagement with the notches of the rod T, when
the rod is turned to bring the notches downwardly. For convenience in adjusting
the said rod T, the same is shown as provided with a handle T3 Figures 2 and 19 at
its outer end and as being provided with a scale or index corresponding with the
letter space intervals of the machine, said scale or index acting in connection with
a pointer on the right hand end of the shifting frame.
My invention also embraces an improved construction in the paper carriage,
embracing features intended for facilitating the insertion and adjustment of the
paper and the holding of the same in contact with the platen, so that the paper will
move with the platen as the same is turned to accomplish the line spacing.
The parts above referred to are shown more fully in Figures 4 to 12 are are con-
structed as follows:-To hold or grip the paper against the lower surface of the
platen where the advance edge of the paper first comes in contact with the platen
in the act of inserting the sheet I employ a presser roller E which is mounted at
its ends in bearings blocks c¹ Figures 6, 7 and 9, attached to the forward and free
extremities of the horizontally arranged spring arms, E6, E6, which are located at
opposite ends of the carriage frame and are rigidly attached to said frame at their
rear ends. Said spring arms serve to hold the lower presser roller against the paper
and to press the same firmly into contact with the platen. To release the said
lower presser roller from contact with the platen, as necessary for adjusting the
paper after insertion and sometimes for convenience for inserting the advance edge
of the paper, a rock shaft E7 is mounted in the end frame plates of the carriage and
extends longitudinally thereof above the spring arms. Said rock shaft is provided
near its ends with cam arms or projections e, which are located over and adapted
to act upon the spring arm, in a manner to depress the same when the rock shaft
Said rock
is turned in a direction to carry the cam-arms against the spring arms.

page_text: shaft is provided at one end with a hand lever E8 Figures 4 and 6 by which it may
be conveniently turned when desired. A guide plate E (Figures 7 and 9) for the
paper, is also attached to said spring arms, said guide plate extending forwardly
and upwardly from the said presser roller, for guiding the paper after it leaves the
said roller. As a means for holding the paper in contact with the platen as it
passes upwardly at the front surface of the same toward the striking point of the
type, two other pressure rollers E1 and E" Figures 5 and 9 are located at the front
of the platen, above and below the centre line of the same. The uppermost of said
front rollers E10 is mounted at its ends in two upright supporting arms e (Figure 12)
the lower ends of which are pivoted to the machine frame near the bottom of the
same in such manner as to permit the said upper roller to move inwardly and out-
wardly or toward and from the platen. As shown in the drawings the said arms e
are mounted on pivot studs e on the inner faces of the end plates of the carriage;
the stud on the left hand end plate being tubular for the passage of the trip-rod Q
as seen in Figure 7. The lowermost of the said two front rollers is journalled, at
its ends in two supporting arms e, Figure 12 which arms are pivoted at their upper
ends to the inner faces of the supporting arms e below the pivots of the upper front
roller; the pivotal connection being formed by means of bearing pivots Figure 5
on the ends of a horizontal rod E2 which extends across the carriage below the
roller E, said bearing pivots pass through the upper ends of the said arms e and
engaging the arms e. Said rod E12 affords a support for the upper edge of a guide
plate E3, which guide plate extends between the rollers E and Eu and serves to
guide the advance edge of the paper after it passes the lower roller Eu, so that it
shall properly pass around the front surface of the platen and beneath the upper
roller E10.
For holding both of said rollers E1 and E" against the platen with a spring or
yielding pressure, two leaf springs E14 are employed, said springs being attached
to the carriage at their lower ends, with their upper free ends bearing inwardly
upon the supporting arms e of the lowermost of the rollers at points between the
ends of said arms. The springs E thus arranged, operate to throw both sets of
arms inwardly toward the platen, by reason of the fact that they bear against the
supporting arms of the upper roller below the pivots of the latter, as stated.
..
Adjustable connection of said leaf springs with the carriage is formed by means
as follows: The lower parts of said springs are bent or carried inwardly over the
rack bar E² to points inside of the same, and are there engaged with pivot studs e
(Figure 12) which are secured to the ends of the rack-bar . The portions of said
springs which extend over the rack-bar are engaged by set screws e¹0 which pass
through said bar and bear against the lower surfaces of the said springs; the screws
thus arranged serving to hold the upper ends of the springs against the roller sup-
porting arms e. By raising or lowering the set screws, the pressure of the free
end of the springs may be increased or diminished, it being obvious that the said
springs will swing upon the studs when the set screws are thus moved, and thereby.
effect a movement of the free ends of the springs inwardly or outwardly, according
to the direction in which the set screws are moved.
A strip E, marked with a scale, is mounted on the free ends of the supporting
arms of the upper front roller; said arms being extended past the bearings of
the said upper roller a sufficient distance to afford a proper support for the said
strip. The strip is pivotally connected at its ends with the arms, so that its free
edge may adjust itself with respect to the surface of the platen. Above the platen
are located two paper guides, E Figures 4 and 9, which are arranged obliquely
and extend from points at or near the top of the roller rearwardly and inwardly,
the outer ends of said inclined guides being attached to transverse guide arms, E7,
which extend to and bear at their front ends upon the scale bar E5 The inclined
guides E6 and guide arms E17 are mounted upon a supporting rod E18, which is
attached to and extends between the carriage end-plates at the rear of the platen,
the said guides being provided with two sockets elo, e, which embrace said support-
ing rod, and which have endwise sliding but non-rotative connection with the rod,

page_text: so as to retain the guide arms in place over the platen, the rod and sockets prefer-
ably being made of square form for this purpose. The guide arms E serve to
guide the side edges of the paper as it advances over the top of the platen. The
oblique guides 6 serve as guides for the forward edge of the sheet, the same,
owing to their oblique arrangement and the attachment of their outer ends to the
guide arms, serving to insure that the front edge of the paper shall advance without
catching or being retarded should it bend or buckle at its central part.
With respect to the means used on the paper carriage for guiding the paper to
the presser rollers during its insertion, and at other times, the machine shown is
provided with devices as follows: E" (Figure 9) is the upper and E20 the lower
paper guide, both made of sheet metal in the usual manner.
The lower paper
guide is supported by the attachment of its ends to the end-plates of the carriage
frame, and is located in an inclined position, with its lower and forward edge near
the lower presser roller E. The upper paper guide is conveniently made of curved
form and attached at its ends to the carriage and plates with its front edge near the
platen.
VV are the ribbon spools which are removably secured to the upper ends of
upright shafts (Figures 24, 25, and 26), which shafts are located outside of the
standards 1); said spools being so arranged that the ribbons extend over the top
of the platen and through the several type bars (Figure 26). For securing the
spools to the shaft each shaft is provided with a collar carrying an upright
eccentric stud 2 which is adapted to enter a vertical hole in the spool to afford
driving connection between the shaft and the spool. The ribbon is wrapped around
the spool V and the said ribbon and spool are inclosed in a stationary cylindric
casing Figure 27 which is provided with an exit slot V2 for the ribbon. Said
casing is preferably provided with a removable top or cover V and is secured to the
frame D of the type bars, by means of screws or other suitable securing means.
The ribbon is guided after its exit from the casing Viby means of a slotted
guide V; the same consisting of a strip of metal bent into U form and provided
with a shank by which it is attached to said casing V1.
The lower ends of the shafts extend below the base plate of the machine and
are there engaged by driving connections arranged to operate upon either one or
the other of the shafts, so that the direction of movement of the ribbon may be
reversed whenever the ribbon has become entirely unwound from one of the spools.
Such ribbon spool actuating mechanism is shown more clearly in Figures 3, 24,
and 25 and is constructed as follows:-V is a horizontal shaft arranged trans-
versely of the machine and mounted in bearings, so as to rotate and also slide
endwise thereon. The upright shafts are provided on their lower ends with bevel
gear wheels
adapted to intermesh with similar gear wheels on the ends of the
shaft V. Said shaft is made, however of such length that only one pair of the
gear wheels can be engaged with each other at one time; the engagement of
one bearing or the other being accomplished by endwise shifting of the shaft. To
provide means for shifting said shaft endwise, a lever V6 (Figure 3) is pivoted
beneath the base plate A on a bracket said lever V6 being provided with
a forked end which engages a collar 8 on the shaft V. The front end of said
lever is provided with a knob V Figures 2 and 3 which rises through a slot in the
base plate near the front thereof so that the lever can be easily moved by the
operator. A detent spring V8 is attached to the base plate and engages at its end
with one of a series of notches in the end portion of the lever Ve so as to hold
said lever from movement except when intentionally shifted by the hand of the
operator.
Rotary motion is given to the shaft V from the intermediate bar 03 of the space-
bar frame by means as follows:-(Figures 24 and 25). Mounted on the shaft V
is a toothed wheel V9 which forms part of a worm gear and is engaged with a worm
shaft 10 located above the said gear wheel and at right angles with the shaft V5.
Said worm shaft is mounted in depending arms attached to the base plate and
provided between said arms with a ratchet wheel v. Attached to said bar 03 is

page_text: an arm V which carries two spring pawls 12 and 13. Said pawls rise from the
arms V at opposite sides of the ratchet wheel 211; one of said pawls v2 having a
plain end and the other 3 a hooked end, so that one pawl will engage and turn
the ratchet in the upward movement of the spacing bar frame and the other pawl
will actuate or turn the ratchet in the descent of said frame. It follows from the
above described construction that the shaft V5 and one of the spool shafts will be
continuously turned as the space bar is moved through the actuation of the keys;
motion being transmitted to the space bar from the worm shaft and the worm gear
through the shaft V5 in obvious manner. The worm gear wheel V9 is made of
sufficient thickness to permit endwise movement of the shaft V5 without disengag-
ing said wheel from the worm shaft.
The inking ribbon is provided with guides adjacent to the printing point, which
guides are adapted to hold the ribbon over the point of impression at the time the im-
pression is made, but serve to hold the ribbon normally away from the printing point,
so that the writing will be always in sight except at the moment when the impression
is being made. As an improved construction in the ribbon throw or device for actuating
said guides, I employ the construction which is illustrated in Figures 1, 14, and 15,
and is as follows: A rigid supporting arm, W, is attached to the shifting carriage
frame and extends to a point in front of the platen. The upper part of said
supporting arm is provided with a horizontally extending portion, W', to which
are pivoted two links, w, w, which are of equal length, and are arranged one behind
the other and parallel with each other. To the upper ends of said links are pivoted
a horizontally arranged guide plate W3, which extends toward the platen and is
provided with two ribbon guides or guide loops, ww located at opposite sides of
the printing point. The pivoted links described afford movement of the guide
plate horizontally toward and from the printing point, while maintaining the said
plate constantly in its horizontal position. In actuating the guide plate, one of
said links is provided at its lower end with a rigidly attached rock shaft, W, which
is mounted in the standard W and is provided with a rigid crank arm W, to which
oscillatory movement is communicated through suitable connections with the
universal or spacing bar of the machine, the connection device herein shown con-
sisting of a connecting rod, W, which extends downwardly to and has pivotal
engagement with an arm ² on the escape lever M. The parts are so arranged that
when any key is depressed and the escape lever thereby moved, the upper ends of
the links and the guide plate thereon will be swung toward the platen and the
inking ribbon will be carried thereby over the printing point, and when the keys
are released and the type bars rise, said guide plate and ribbon will be drawn
backwardly away from the platen.
On the front frame bar E2 of the carriage is located an adjustable line stop
combined with a bell actuating stop which is constructed as follows:-X
(Figures 5, 34 and 35) is a sliding line-stop block which is mounted on a depending
longitudinal flange E2, located at the right hand end of the said bar E², and is
provided with a tooth at one end, adapted for engagement with either one of a
series of notches in the lower edge of the flange E21, and also with a spring armel
which engages a groove in the rear surface of said flange and acts to hold the
tooth a yieldingly in engagement with the notches in the flange. The slide block
is preferably made of inverted "U" form, so as to embrace the lower edge of the
flange E2, and the spring arm is arranged on the inner face of the rear part of
the block, with its rear end free and capable of movement in a vertical plane, so
that the tooth may be pushed down free from the notches in the flange against
the tension of the spring arm, which remains constantly in engagement with the
said groove. Said slide block X projects below the flange E, and, at its left hand
end, is adapted for contact with the arm or bracket F4, Figure 19 on the front
edge of the shifting frame. The said slide block also carries, at its front side, a
bell-actuating stop X2, which is adapted to engage the upper end of a bell hammer
lever Y, (Figures 9 and 19) which is located in the path of said arm. The bell-
hammer lever Y is shown as attached to a rock-shaft Y¹, mounted in the shift-

page_text: ing frame and provided at its rear end with an arm Y2 carrying a hammer y
adapted for contact with a bell Y³, which is secured to a bracket on the rear part
of the machine frame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a typewriter the combination with key levers and a platen, of "U" shaped
type bars of graduated lengths, whose closed or looped ends carry type heads,
said type bars being arranged in two groups with the axes of the type bars in each
group parallel with each other but with the axes of the type bars in the two
groups rearwardly divergent.
2. The combination with a shifting frame and carriage mounted thereon, of
a rock shaft J operatively connected with the shifting frame, and provided with
a crank arm J¹ having a holding notch j, a stationary part having a notch j¹ which.
is opposite the notch in the crank arm when the latter is at one limit of its move-
ment, a shifting lever I, a stud movable with the shifting lever and adapted for
engagement with either of said notches ; or ¹ and means, such as the guide
arm j, for confining the said stud in the notch in the crank arm when the notch
in the latter is moved away from the notch in the stationary part.
3. The combination with the shifting frame provided with a rearward exten-
sion or stem, and standard on the frame, of a rocking standard G¹ which supports
the said stem, a guide ring F engaging the stem, a stationary standard F on the
frame set screws f f in the standard engaging the sides of said ring to hold
it adjustably from lateral movement in the standard, a removable cap 16 on the
standard, by which the guide ring is removably confined in engagement with the
standard, and a set screw f3 passing through said cap and bearing on the ring.
4. The combination with a paper carriage, of a horizontally movable shifting.
frame supporting said carriage an upright shaft L on the shifting frame provided
with a pinion on its upper end adapted to engage said rack; said upper end of the
shaft being movable toward and from the rack, an escape wheel L2 on the lower.
end of the shaft, an escapement lever M mounted on the shifting frame and pro-
vided with stiff and limber pawls, a vertically movable spacing bar O, and a yoke
piece pivoted to the escapement lever, and having vertically sliding connection
with the shifting frame, said yoke piece having a horizontal slot (2 which is
engaged by a stud 03 on the spacing bar.
5. The combination with a platen, a ratchet wheel S, and a frictional connection
between the ratchet wheel and platen, of a spring actuated holding pawl S⁹
engaging the ratchet wheel and a holding detent S provided with a hand lever
and two opposite arms or projections S16 S17 one of which is adapted to engage
the holding pawl to force it against the ratchet wheel and the other of which
engages an arm $10 on the holding pawl to hold the latter away from said wheel.
6. The combination with an endwise movable carriage and a rotating plater:
thereon, of automatic line spacing mechanism, comprising a ratchet wheel S, on
the platen shaft, an oscillatory, endwise movable, spring actuated platen actuating
arm S, a sliding knob R¹ on the platen shaft by which the actuating arm is
given endwise movement, an oscillatory gear segment S² mounted concentrically
with the platen shaft and with which the actuating arm has endwise sliding
engagement, a second oscillatory gear segment S³ mounted on the carriage frame
and intermeshing with the first mentioned gear segment, and a cam $5 on the
machine frame provided with an oblique cam edge acting on the said second
segment to turn the same in the endwise movement of the carriage.
7. The combination with an endwise movable carriage and a rotating platen
thereon, of automatic line spacing mechanism, comprising a ratchet wheel S on
the platen shaft, an oscillatory endwise movable, platen actuating arm S¹, a
sliding knob R¹ on the said shaft having rotative engagement with the said arm,
a spring applied between the knob and shaft holding the knob normally at the out-

page_text: ward limit of its movement, an oscillatory gear segment S mounted concentri-
cally with the platen shaft, with which the actuating arm has endwise sliding
engagement, a second oscillatory gear segment $3 mounted on the carriage and
intermeshing with the first named gear segment, and a cam $5 on the machine
frame having an oblique cam edge acting on said second gear segment to give
movement thereto when the carriage is moved endwise.
8. The combination with an endwise movable paper carriage and a revolving
platen thereon, of automatic line spacing mechanism, comprising a ratchet wheel S
on the platen shaft, an oscillatory, endwise movable, platen actuating arm S',
a sliding knob R' on said shaft by which the actuating arm is given endwise move-
ment, an oscillatory gear segment S2 mounted concentrically with the platen shaft
and with which said actuating arm has endwise sliding engagement, a second
oscillatory gear segment S³ mounted on the carriage and intermeshing with the
gear segment first mentioned, a .cam S5 on the machine frame having an oblique
cam edge acting on said second gear segment in the endwise movement of the
carriage and operating to turn said gear segments, and a pivoted stop S6 for one
of said segments, having a plurality of stop surfaces at different distances from
the pivot thereof.
9. The combination with an endwise movable paper carriage and a revolving
platen thereon, of automatic line spacing mechanism, comprising a ratchet wheel S
on the platen shaft, an oscillatory endwise movable, platen actuating arm S¹ a
sliding knob R¹ on said shaft by which the actuating arm is given endwise
movement, an oscillatory gear segment S mounted concentrically with the platen
shaft and with which said platen actuating arm has endwise sliding engagement,
a second, oscillatory gear segment S mounted on the carriage and intermeshing
with the gear segment first mentioned, mcans acting on the second gear segment
in the endwise movement of the carriage, operating to turn said gear segments,
a pivoted stop S provided with stop surfaces at different distances from its pivot,
a gear segment $7 attached to said stop, and a pivoted stop actuating arm s pro-
vided with a gear segment S8 which intermeshes with that on the stop.
10. The combination with a paper carriage and a platen mounted therein, of
a presser roller E spring arms E6 attached to the carriage and provided at their
free ends with bearings for said presser roller, a rock shaft mounted in the
carriage above said spring arms and provided with cam arms which act upon the
said spring arms for throwing the roller away from the platen, and a guide plate E
attached to the ends of said spring arms and arranged to guide the edge of the
paper after it has passed said roller.
11. The combination with a paper carriage and a platen mounted therein, of
two presser rollers E10 E for holding the paper against the platen as it approaches
the striking point of the type, a pair of arms ee pivoted to the ends of the
carriage and carrying said roller E10, a second pair of arms e7 e pivoted to the
first named arms between the ends of the latter, and carrying the said roller E",
and springs acting on said second pair of arms, between the ends of the same, and
acting to throw both rollers toward the platen.
12. The combination with a paper carriage and a platen mounted therein,
of two presser rollers E10 El for holding the paper against the platen, a pair of
arms epivoted to the carriage and carrying said roller E10, a second pair of
arms e e pivoted to the first named pair between the ends of the same, and carry-
ing the said roller E, leaf springs E14 E14 each connected at one end with the
carriage frame and bearing at its opposite end against the second pair of springs
between the ends thereof, and set screw bearing against said springs for adjust-
ing the tension thereof.
13. The combination with a paper cariage and a platen mounted therein, of two
presser rollers E10 E" for holding the paper against the platen, a pair of arms es e
pivoted to the carriage frame and carrying said roller E10, a second pair of
arms e e pivoted to the first named pair between the ends of the same and carry-
ing the roller E, springs acting against the second pair of arms to hold both

page_text: rollers against the platen, and a guide plate E supported by said second pair of
arms between the rollers.
14. The combination with a carriage, a platen, and type-bars which strike down-
wardly on the paten, of a presser roller located below the platen and held by
spring pressure in contact therewith, means for throwing the said roller away from
the platen, two rollers E El located at the front of the platen and held against
the same by spring pressure, upper and lower paper guides E1 E20 located at the
rear of the platen and lower presser roller, a guide plate E located between the
lower roller and the front rollers, and a guide plate E located between the front
rollers.
15. The combination with a paper carriage, a platen, type bars which strike
downwardly upon the platen and a space bar 0, of a ribbon guide W³ having
a horizontal movement toward and from the striking point of the type bars and
which is provided with guide loops supporting the ribbon horizontally over the
platen two links to w pivoted to the machine frame at their lower ends and to the
ribbon guide at their upper ends, and operative connections between the space bar
and one of said links, operating to move the ribbon guides toward the striking
point each time said space bar is moved.
16. The combination with a paper carriage, a platen, type bars which strike
downwardly on the platen and a space-bar (), of a ribbon guide W which is
movable horizontally toward and from the striking point of the type bars and
which is provided with guide loops supporting the ribbon horizontally over the
plates two links w w pivotally supported at their lower ends, and pivoted to the
ribbon guide at their upper ends, a crank arm W' attached to the lower end of
one of said links, and a connecting rod W uniting the said crank arm with a
part which moves with the space bar.
17. A ribbon feeding mechanism comprising two ribbon spool shafts vt, an
endwise movable driving shaft V provided with bevel gears adapted to inter-
mesh with bevel gears on the ribbon spool shafts, an actuating lever Vo engaging
the shaft to give endwise movement thereto, a worm shaft e arranged transversely
with respect to the driving shaft, a worm wheel V on the driving shaft engaging
the worm shaft, and a pawl and ratchet connection for actuating the worm shaft.
18. A ribbon feeding mechanism comprising two ribbon-spool shafts v,
stationary ribbon cases into which the shafts extend, said cases being pro-
vided with removable covers V3 V and with exit slots for the ribbon, and means
on the spool shafts for detachably securing the ribbon spools thereto.
19. The combination with the key levers and space bar, of a rock shaft 02 to
which the space bar is rigidly attached, and a lifting spring P5 for the space bar,
said spring being of volute form and attached at its inner end to said rock shaft
and having at its outer end adjustable connection with the machine frame by
means of a screw bolt Ps.
20. The combination with a key lever, type bar, and connecting rod, of a
horizontal spring arm B2 attached to the side of the key lever and engaged with
the connecting rod at its free end, said spring arm having a vertical slot near its
free end, and the key lever having a stud 5 which engages the said slot to confine
the spring arm from lateral movement.
21. The combination with a key lever, type bar and connecting rod, of a spring
arm B2 attached to the key lever and provided at its free end with a prong for
engagement with the connecting rod, said key lever being provided with a notch
to receive the end of the connecting rod, and with a tongue 2 which may be
bent laterally to retain the connecting rod in engagement with the said prong on
the spring arm.
22. The combination with the paper carriage, shifting frame and carriage
actuating spring, of means for holding the shifting frame from lateral movement
comprising a standard on the machine frame, provided with two parallel guide
flanges F and F and a block attached to the shifting frame and extending
downwardly between said flanges, said block being provided with an anti-friction

page_text: roller which bears against the guide flange F, said guide flange F being
separated from the body of the standard by a slot, and having an adjusting
screw by which its upper end may be adjusted laterally.
Dated this 7th day of January 1898.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.