Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Sept., 1887
Complete Specification Left, th June, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Sept., 1888
1, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of Norfolk House, Victoria Embankment, London,
W.C., Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in or connected with advertising apparatus
whereby certain advantages are obtained.
A known form of advertising apparatus is one wherein a series of advertisements
are displayed in succession the said advertisements being mounted on or attached to
an endless band or cylinder or disc or the like which endless band cylinder disc or the
like is caused to move or revolve continuously or to move by successive and inter-
mittent steps or partial revolutions in such manner as to bring the said advertisements
successively before a window or windows in the case containing the advertising
apparatus so as to cause the said advertisements to be displayed. This kind of apparatus
is actuated by a mechanical clock mechanism driven by a wound up spring or weight.
It is however open to the objection that the said spring or weight has to be very
frequently wound up an operation which is not only troublesome but expensive.
The object of my invention is to overcome this drawback by rendering the apparatus
automatic that is to say making the apparatus or a part thereof capable of winding
up its own spring or weight automatically.
In carrying my invention into effect I employ currents of electricity furnished by
any convenient source or reservoir of electrical energy such for instance as a primary
battery and these currents I employ to feed an electromotor of any convenient type.
To utilise the movement of the armature or movable part of the electromotor for the
purpose of winding up the spring or weight I may employ in the case of a rotary or
of a step by step electromotor any convenient known mechanical movement for trans-
mitting rotary motion such for example as a train of wheels or a worm and worm
wheel or the like and in the case of a reciprocating or vibrating electromotor any
convenient known mechanical movement used for the conversion of reciprocating or
vibrating into rotary motion such for example as a ratchet and pawl arrangement or
the like.

page_text: In order to close the electric circuit periodically so as to transmit the electric current
through the electromotor I may employ any convenient known form of circuit
closing device such for example as a pair of contact springs brought together
periodically by the pressure of a pin or projection mounted on a wheel or other
part in connection with the mechanical clock mechanism.
I may when desired employ a form of brake or detent in order to retain the movable
part of the electromotor in any convenient or desired position and also to prevent
the relative positions of the movable and fixed parts of the electromotor when at rest
being altered by jarring or concussion or the like.
In some instances I may employ reversed currents to actuate the electromotor.
When this is the case I employ a rheotrope either separate from or combined with the
circuit closing device.
To shield the electromotor from external inductive effects I may enclose it or the
whole mechanism in an iron case.

page_text: Improvements in or Connected with Advertising Apparatus.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of Norfolk House, Victoria Embankment, London,
W.C., Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :---
My invention relates to improvements in or connected with advertising apparatus
whereby certain advantages are obtained.
A known form of advertising apparatus is one wherein a series of advertisements
are displayed in succession, the said advertisements being mounted on or attached to
an endless band or cylinder or disc or other equivalent device which is caused to move
or to revolve continuously or to move by successive and intermittent steps or by
partial revolutions or in such other manner as to bring the said advertisements
successively into view, as for example before a window or windows in the case
containing the advertising apparatus, and so as to cause the said advertisements to be
displayed. This kind of apparatus is actuated by a mechanical clock mechanism
driven by a wound up spring or weight. It is however open to the objection that the
said spring or weight has to be very frequently wound up by hand an operation which is
not only troublesome but expensive.
The object of my invention is to overcome this drawback by rendering this ordinary
clockwork advertising apparatus automatic, that is to say making the apparatus or more
correctly speaking a part thereof capable of winding up the spring or weight
automatically.
In carrying my invention into effect I employ currents of electricity furnished by
any convenient source or reservoir of electrical energy such for instance as a primary
battery and these currents I employ to feed an electromotor of any convenient type.
To utilise the movement of the armature or movable part of the electromotor for the
purpose of winding up the spring or weight I employ in the case of a rotary or
of a step by step electromotor any convenient known mechanical movement for trans-
mitting rotary motion such for example as a train of wheels or a worm and worm
wheel or the like and in the case of a reciprocating or vibrating electromotor any
convenient known mechanical movement used for the conversion of reciprocating or
vibrating into rotary motion such for example as a ratchet and pawl arrangement or
the like.
In order to close the electric circuit periodically so as to transmit the electric
current through the electromotor I may employ any convenient known form of circuit
closing device such for example as a pair of contact springs brought together
periodically by the pressure of a pin or projection mounted on a wheel or other part
in connection with the mechanical clock inechanism.
I may when desired employ a form of brake or detent in order to retain the
movable part of the electromotor in any convenient or desired position and also to
prevent the relative positions of the movable and fixed parts of the electromotor when
at rest being altered by jarring or concussion or the like.
In some instances I may employ reversed currents to actuate the electromotors.
When this is the case I employ a rheotrope either separate from or combined with the
circuit closing device.
It will be seen that the mechanism referred to in the preceding four paragraphs
constitutes an electrical winding mechanism whose function is to periodically wind up
the spring or weight driving the ordinary clockwork advertising apparatus, the result
being that the whole arrangement is rendered automatic.

page_text: Suitable forms or types of electrical winding mechanism which are to be regarded
as illustrations of the carrying into effect of my invention are such as are described in
the Complete Specifications accompanying my Letters Patent Nos. 8751 and 8896 of
the year 1886 and in the Complete Specifications accompanying my Applications for
Letters Patent Nos. 10,785 and 11,938 of the year 1887, it being understood that the
electrical winding mechanisms therein specified may wind up the said ordinary clock-
work advertising apparatus in the manner referred to in the above cited previous
specifications.
The parts of my above cited previous Specifications descriptive of electrical winding
apparatus may be considered as forming part of this specification. Not only are those
forms which are described in my above mentioned previous Specifications suitable for
the purpose, but electrical winding apparatus in which a rotary electromotor or what I
may conveniently term an electric bell electromotor (that is an electromotor of the
type employed in ordinary electric bells) may be employed, though perhaps less
advantageously. In practice I find that the electric winding mechanism described in
the Complete Specifications accompanying my Applications for Letters Patent
Nos. 10,785 and 11,938 of the year 1887 give the best results.
I desire it to be understood that I do not limit myself to any particular form or type
of automatic electric winding mechanism.
The clockwork advertising devices hereinbefore referred to are sufficiently well
known to render it unnecessary to further refer to them here.
To shield the electromotor from external inductive effects I may enclose it or the
whole mechanism in an iron case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The improvement in advertising apparatus consisting in the combination of a
mechanical clockwork advertising apparatus and an electrical winding mechanism
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. The improvement connected with advertising apparatus consisting in the employ-
ment of an electrical winding mechanism substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
3. The improvement connected with advertising apparatus consisting in the
combination of an electromotor a circuit closing device and a source or reservoir of
electrical energy for the purpose of winding up a spring or weight driving an
advertising apparatus substantially as specified.
4. The improvement connected with advertising apparatus consisting in the
combination of an electromotor a circuit closing device a rheotrope and a source or
reservoir of electrical energy for the purpose of winding up a spring or weight driving
an advertising apparatus substantially as specified.
5. The improvement connected with advertising apparatus consisting in the
combination of an electromotor a circuit closing device a source or reservoir of
electrical energy and a detent for the purpose of winding up a spring or weight
driving an advertising apparatus substantially as specified.
6. The improvement connected with advertising apparatus consisting in the com-
bination of an electromotor a circuit closing device a rheotrope a source or reservoir
of electrical energy and a detent for the purpose of winding up a spring or weight
driving an advertising apparatus substantially as specified.
Dated this 7th day of Tune 1000
J. G. LORRAIN.