IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING AND DRYING WHITE LEAD AND OTHER PULPY OR SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES, AND FOR FEEDING OILY AND PASTY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
LI
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING AND DRYING WHITE LEAD AND OTHER
PULPY OR SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES, AND FOR FEEDING OILY AND PASTY
SUBSTANCES." -A communication from abroad by James Benjamin
Pollock, of Port-Richmond; in the County of: Richmond and State
of New York, United States of America..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 26th June 1872.
_I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR; FEEDING AND DRYING WHITE
LEAD AND OTHER PULPY OR SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES, AND FOR FREDING OILY AND
PASTY SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists; first, of an annular horizontal revolving table,
a feeding device, one or more hollow heated rollers, and a discharging-

page_text: scraper, all combined and arranged as herein-after described for drying
white lead, whiting, barytes, or other pulpy or semi-fluid substances, the
arrangement being such that the said pulpy substances are passed
through the apparatus continuously and automatically in such manner
that the machine serves as a conveyor from the stock cistern to the
mixing tub at the same time that it dries the lead or other substance.
The Invention consists, secondly, of a feeder or conveyor for oily
and pasty substances of which the essential features are a longitudinally
grooved cylinder enclosed in a cylindrical case, and a scraper arranged
in such manner that the paste is forced from the mixer or a hopper of
any kind into the groove of the cylinder at one side of the case, and
carried thereby to the other side where it is taken out by the scraper
which is caused to drop into the groove and discharged upon any
receiver, preferably a revolving disc from which it may be discharged by
a fixed
scraper to any
other receiver or conveyor. The case serves as a
cut off to remove any excess of the paste and cause the feed to be regular
and even, being the exact quantity the grooves are capable of taking,
but the quantity discharged may be varied by varying the speed of the
cylinder or by limiting the dip of the discharging scraper into the
groove, so that it will not take out the whole quantity contained in
them.
The horizontally revolving drying table before-mentioned: is. made
hollow, and is heated by steam admitted through its shaft, which is
hollow, and a pipe to one side of a dividing plate in the table and
exhausted at the other side of said plate by a pipe communicating with
the lower end of the hollow shaft from which another pipe conducts the
steam away. The substance to be dried is delivered continuously on this
table.as, it revolves slowly from.a. hopper by means of a grooved. feeding:
roller and scraper at the bottom of said. hopper, the said roller revolving
between the two sections of a cylinder which prevent the escape of any
of the substance except what can be carried down in the grooves, and
the-scraper which is at the under side of the cylinder is forced into the
grooves to take out the contents by a weighted arm. The substance'
being thus delivered upon the table in measured quantities is carried
'from under the hopper to a hollow heated spreading and drying roller &
in contact with the table, and having a flange or rim at each end as high-
as the required depth of the substance to be dried,, which is. governed
by the amount that can be dried at one revolution of the table, and,

page_text: "
spreads it evenly thereon, forcing the excess, if any, off at the sides.
After being thus spread over the heated surface of the table the
substance is .carried around under one or more similar hollow heated
rollers but, without flanges to a scraper arranged obliquely across the
table in front of the hopper to discharge the dried matter upon the floor
or to a conveyor for carrying it to the grinding mill. The rollers are
heated by steam admitted and exhausted through their axes, The pipes.
which exhaust the steam have the receiving ends bent down to the
lowest points within the cylinders to carry off the water of condensation.
The said drying rollers are supported above the table by any suitable
brackets or arms attached to the main frame. The table is turned by a
driving shaft, carrying a pinion which gears with a toothed rim on the
under side of the table. The grooved feed roller is also turned by
said shaft, any suitable arrangement of gearing being employed for
turning it,
Heretofore these substances have been dried by one of the following.
processes-First, upon large stationary pans, upon which they had to
be placed, and spread on by hand and removed in the same manner;
secondly, in small earthen pots placed upon shelves in a room kept
hot by stoves; thirdly, in kilns upon tables of tile with heating flues
underneath or upon, stationary tables with steam heat applied under-
neath. But all these plans are very slow, besides involving the
expensive handling, and when done the stuff is in hard cakes which
have to be broken up to feed to the grinding apparatus.
°
Now by the use of this automatic feed apparatus in combination, with
a rotary table I save the expense of hand labour for supplying the stuff
to be dried to the dryer. By the use of a rotary drying apparatus I
accomplish the work while the stuff is continuously passing along from
the stock cistern to the mixing tub and by the application of heat to the
upper side as well as the lower side of the stream. I not only do the
work much quicker, but by drying it in this way the stuff does not cake,
being delivered in a pulverized condition, which I attribute to the
disturbance of the particles by the water, which is so rapidly expelled
when passing under the rollers as to be boiled or converted into steam
which in escaping prevents the adhering of the particles. Of course
Imay use the revolving drying, table without the heated rollers, using
any other means of spreading the matters upon it, or the feeding..

page_text: roller may have such speed as to deliver the said matters sufficiently
even and level on the table, but it is preferable to use the said rollers.
The improved feeding apparatus referred to under the second head is.
constructed as follows:-A spout or feeding tube conveys the paste from
the mixing tub to an opening in the cylindrical case of the feeder, and
á feeding plug or cylinder is fitted to revolve within said case, which it
completely fills, except at two opposite sides, where the plug is grooved
longitudinally. A scraper is mounted at the outside of the case on an
oscillating shaft, with its free end bearing against the side of the cylinder
so as to be forced into the grooves by a spring, weight, or other means,
when they come around to the discharge opening or passage from the
cylinder and take out the paste. In this case the paste is discharged
upon a horizontally revolving disc and taken therefrom to any other
receiver by a fixed scraper, but any other receptacle may be substituted
for said table, which is connected to the cylinder for convenience in
turning it thereby, said cylinder being turned by a pulley mounted on
its shaft. To limit the dip of the scraper into the grooves I provide an
adjustable stop in connection with an arm on the oscillating shaft för
varying the feed, I make an annular groove in the upper end of the
feeding plug or cylinder to allow the air to escape from the grooves
through the discharge opening or passage so as not to obstruct the
filling, as it would if not permitted to escape, which groove may be in
the case as well. This feeder may be either placed vertically or hori
zontally, in the latter case the paste being supplied through a hopper
at the top. In this case however the paste is forced by the mixer through
an opening.
0
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent..
filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER 3
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year.
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty- 3

page_text: sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Alexander Melville Olark, Her special
licence, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Melville
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM
PROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING AND DRYING WHITE LEAD AND OTHER PULPY OR
SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES, AND FOR FEEDING OILY AND PASTY SUBSTANCES," a com-
munication to me from abroad by James Benjamin Pollock, of Port
Richmond, in the County of Richmond and State of New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that Is the said
Alexander Melville Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent. .
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Melville Olark, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
The first part of this Invention consists of a horizontal revolving
table, a feeding device, one or more hollow heated rollers, and a dis-
charging scraper, all combined and arranged as herein-after described
for drying white lead, whiting, barytes, or other pulpy or semi-fluid
substances, the arrangement being such that the said pulpy substances
are passed through the apparatus continuously. and automatically in
such manner that the machine serves as a conveyor from the stock
cistern to the mixing tub, at the same time that it dries the lead or
other substance.
The second part of the Invention consists of a feeder or or conveyor,

page_text: tudinally grooved cylinder enclosed in a cylindrical case, and a scraper
arranged in such manner that the paste is forced from the mixer or a
hopper of any kind into the groove of the cylinder at one side of the
case, and carried thereby to the other side, where it is taken out by
the scraper, which is caused to drop into the groove, and discharged
upon any receiver, preferably a revolving disc, from which it may be
discharged by a fixed scraper to any other receiver or conveyor. The
case serves as a cut off to remove any excess of the paste, and cause
the feed to be regular and even, being the exact quantity the grooves
are capable of taking; but the quantity discharged may be varied by
varying the speed of the cylinder, or by limiting the dip of the dis-
charging scraper into the groove, so that it will not take out the whole
quantity contained in them.
'Figure 1 is a plan view with a part of the table broken out; Figure 2
is an enlarged section, taken on the line x, x, Figure 1; Figure 3 is a
section on the line y, y, of Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a section on
the line 2, 2, of Figure 1; Figure 5 is a perspective view of the
improved feeder, with a part of the case and the spout leading from
the mixer to it broken out; Figure 6 is a transverse section through
the cylinder and case; and Figure 7 is a side elevation of part of the
cylinder.
A is a large hollow annular horizontally revolving drying table, to
be heated by steam admitted through the pipe B, hollow shaft O, and
pipe D to the hollow space at one side of the dividing plate E, and 1
exhausted by the pipe F at the other side of said plate communicating
with the lower end of the hollow shaft, from which a pipe G conducts
the steam away. The substance to be dried is delivered continuously on
this table as it revolves slowly from a hopper H by means of the grooved
feeding roller I and scraper K at the bottom of said hopper, the said
roller revolving between the two sections L³ of a cylinder, which
prevents the escape of any of the substance except what can be carried
down in the grooves, and the scraper which is at the under side of the
cylinder is forced into the grooves to take out the contents by a weighted
arm L. The substance being thus delivered upon the table in measured a
quantities is carried from 'under the hopper to a hollow heated spreading
and drying roller M in contact with the table, and having a flange or

page_text: rim N at each end as high as the required depth of the substance to
be dried, which is governed by the amount that can be dried at one
revolution of the table, and spreads it evenly thereon, forcing the excess,
if any, off at the sides.
After being thus spread over the heated surface
of the table the substance is carried around under one or more hollow
heated rollers N³, similar to M, with the exception of the flanges N, to
a scraper O, arranged obliquely across the table in front of the hopper H
to discharge the dried matter upon the floor, or to a conveyor for
carrying it to the grinding mill. The rollers M and N are heated by
steam admitted and exhausted through the axis by pipes P, Q, R. The
pipes which exhaust the steam have the receiving ends bent down to
the lowest points within the cylinders, as shown at S, to carry off the
water of condensation. The said drying rollers are supported above
the table by any suitable brackets or arms attached to the main frame.
The table is turned by the driving shaft T, which gears with a toothed
rim V on the under side of it by the pinion U. The feed roller I is also
turned by said shaft, being geared with it by suitable wheels W, but any
suitable arrangement of gearing may be employed for turning them.
Heretofore these substances have been dried by one of the following
processes: First, upon large stationary pans, upon which they had to
be placed and spread on by hand and removed in the same manner;
second, in small earthen pots placed upon shelves in a room kept hot
by stoves; third, in kilns upon tables of tile with heating flues under-
neath, or upon stationary tables with steam heat applied underneath;
but all these plans are very slow, besides involving the expensive
handling, and when done the stuff is in hard cakes, which have to be
broken up to feed to the grinding apparatus.
Now by the use of this automatic feed apparatus in combination with
a rotary table I save the expense of hand labor for supplying the stuff
to be dried to the drier.
By the use of a rotary drying apparatus I accomplish the work while
the stuff is continuously passing along from the stock cistern to the
mixing tub, and by the application of heat to the upper side as well as
the lower side of the stream, I not only do the work much quicker,
but by drying it in this way the stuff does not cake, being delivered in
a pulverized condition, which I attribute to the disturbance of the
particles by the water, which is so rapidly expelled when passing under

page_text: 'the rollers as to be boiled or converted into steam, which in escaping
prevents the adhering of the particles.
.
=
!
Of course I may use the revolving drying table without the heated
rollers, using any other means of spreading the pasty matters upon it;
or the feeding roller may have such speed as to deliver the said matters
sufficiently even and level on the table, but it is preferable to use said
rollers.
In the improved feeding apparatus A represents part of the side of an
ordinary mixing tub, and B' a spout or feeding tube leading therefrom
to the opening I' of the case B³ of the feeder. O³ is the feeding plug 1
or cylinder fitted to revolve in said case and completely filling it, except
on two opposite sides, which are grooved, as shown at R. 8¹ is the
discharge opening from said cylinder opposite to the receiving opening.
T and G is a scraper mounted at the outside of the case on the
oscillating shaft Q' with its free end bearing against the side of the 1
cylinder, so as to be forced into the grooves by a spring L, weight, or
other means, when they come around to the opening S¹ and take.out the
paste, as indicated in the Drawing. In this case the paste is discharged
upon the horizontally revolving disc J', and taken therefrom by any
other receiver to a fixed scraper H³, but any other receptacle may be 2
substituted for said table, which is connected to the cylinder for con-
venience in turning it thereby, said cylinder being turned by pulley F
and shaft E¹. I have provided an adjustable stop M³, N³, in connection
with the arm O¹ of shaft Q1, to limit the dip of the scraper into the
grooves for varying the feed. T is an annular groove in the upper end 2
of the cylinder C₁ to allow the air to escape from the grooves through
the passage 8¹, so as not to obstruct the filling, as it would if not per-
mitted to escape; this groove may be in the case as well. This feeder
may be placed vertically, as here shown, or horizontally. In the latter
case the paste would be supplied through a hopper at the top. In this 3
case the paste is forced by the mixer trough an opening I'.
Having described the nature of the Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as the In-
vention to be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
1st. A drier for white lead and other pulpy substances consisting of
3

page_text: all arranged to receive, dry, and deliver the said pulpy matters in a
continuous operation, substantially as specified.
2ndly. The combination with the said heated rotary table of one or
more heated rollers, substantially as specified.
3rdly. The combination with the heated rotary table of a spreading
roller M with flanges N, substantially as specified.
4thly. The combination of the feed apparatus H, I, K, L, heated
rotary table, and one or more heated rollers M, N¹, substantially as
specified.
5thly. The combination of a feeding tube B', grooved cylinder or
plug C, case B³, and scraper G, substantially as specified.
6thly. The combination with the scraper G' of an adjustable stop
device for varying the dip of the said scraper in the groove of the
cylinder, substantially as specified.
7thly. The plug O¹ provided with the scraper G', substantially as
specified.
8thly. The combination with the above-described feeder of the
revolving disc J and scraper H², substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of De-
cember, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two.
5
Witness,
JAS. O. DEWEY,
58, Chancery Lane,
London.
A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)