Improvements in Book-binding and Covering Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 31st May, 1892-Accepted, 30th July, 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Book-binding and Covering Machines.
We CHARLES WILLIAM LOVELL of 142 Worth Street, New York City,
County and State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, and
ALFRED BREDENBERG of 142 Worth Street, New York City, aforesaid,
Engineer & Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings
Our invention relates to improvements in book-binding and covering machines.
The essential features of our invention broadly stated are as follows:
The
machine is so constructed that it is adapted to take the books in separate sheets
of leaves, or separated signatures properly arranged to constitute a completed
book, which are automatically clamped by the machine, and are carried first over
saws, or knives or both whereby the back edges of the sheets or signatures are
evened, roughened or fibered and given a desired shape and condition for the
reception of adhesive material, then the books are successively carried over
specially constructed and arranged glueing devices, whereby glue or other adhesive
material is properly applied to the backs of the books, and then they are further
carried through the machine and suitable backing material of such kind as may be
preferred is automatically applied to their backs then as the machine further
operates, the paper cover is fed and attached to the book, and thereafter the covers
are pressed upon, dried and broken around the edges of the backs of the books
which are then carried by the machine while the adhesive material sets and are
finally delivered in a completed condition upon a table or its equivalent suitably
arranged for packing or further manipulation.
Our invention also relates to or comprises certain attachments to the machine,
whereby we are enabled to make round back books adapted to receive leather or
cloth cases or covers; and the machine is so constructed that a plurality of books
may be operated upon at the same time and so that there is no back motion or
movement of the machine, it moving always forwardly and accomplishing work at
each step so that there is no loss in time.
Our invention also comprises the details of construction of the machine and the
process worked out by it, as hereinafter set forth.
In the drawings the same reference letters indicate the same parts in all the
figures.
Figure 1, is an elevation of the left hand end of the machine.
Figure 1, is a view the same as Fig. 1, showing the right hand end of the
machine.
These two figures taken together show a side elevation of the complete
machine.
Figure 2, is a plan view of the left hand end of the machine.
Figure 24, is a plan view of the right hand end of the machine.
These two figures taken together constitute a plan view of the complete
machine.
Figure 3, is an end view of the left hand end of the machine.
Figure 4, is a sectional view seen from the left hand end of the machine taken
on the line x, x, of Fig. 1.
Figure 5, is a sectional view seen from the left taken on the line x', x¹ of
Fig. 1.
Figure 6, is a sectional view seen from the left taken on the line ³, a² of
Fig. 1.

page_text: Figure 7, is a sectional view seen from the left taken on the line ³, of Fig. 1.
Figure 8, is a sectional view seen from the left, taken on the line, of
Fig. 1.
Figure 9, is a sectional view seen from the left, taken on the line x, 25 of Fig. 1.
And also on the same line in Fig. 1A.
Figure 10, is a sectional view seen from the left, taken on the line, of
Fig. 14.
Figure 11, is a sectional view seen from the left, taken on the line, of
Fig. 1A.
Figure 12, is an enlarged view of the chain or carrier which feeds the backing
material, as shown in Fig. 7.
Figure 13, is a detail shown in plan and partly sectioned of the book carrying
chain.
Figure 14, is an elevation of one of the links of the book carrying chain,
showing one half of the clamp attached thereto.
Figure 15, is a detail of the clamp opening or retracting device shown in
:section.
Figure 16, is a plan of a number of the links of the book carrying chain, showing
the clamps and some of the co-acting parts.
Figure 17, is a detached plan view of the cover feeding table.
Figure 18, is a detached plan view of the driving wheel for the book carrying
chain.
Figure 19, is an edge view of the leaves or signatures clamped ready for the
action of the back trimming devices.
Figure 20, is a like view, showing the trimming devices in operation.
Figure 21, is a like view showing the devices for applying the backing material.
Figure 22, is a like view, showing the cover drying and breaking devices.
Figure 23, is a view of the parts as shown in Fig. 22 in their second position.
Figures 24 and 25, are details of the glue rollers.
Figure 26, is a detached endwise elevation of the book clamping and shearing
devices for making round back books.
Figure 27, is a plan of the parts shown in Fig. 26.
Figure 28, is a detached sidewise elevation of the parts shown in Figs. 26
and 27.
Figure 29, is a detached end elevation of the back rounding devices about to
operate.
Figure 30, is a view the same as Fig. 29, showing the position of the parts for
rounding the back at the end of the operation.
Figure 31, is an endwise elevation of the back dressing or surfacing devices
for round back books, the saws being also represented in side view.
Figure 32, is a view similar to Fig. 31 showing the glueing devices.
Figure 33, is a side elevation showing the devices for applying the backing
material to round back books.
Figure 34, is a detail of the devices for severing the backing material.
Figure 35, is an elevation of the devices for pressing drying and breaking the
backing material upon round back books.
Figure 36, is an endwise elevation of the devices shown in Fig. 35 on the
line, of that figure.
Figure 37, is a detail of the clamps for attaching the backing material on
round back books.
.
Referring first to.Eigs. 1, 14, 2 and 2, A is the frame of the machine, it may
be made of any preferred material, but preferably iron. B is the main driving
shaft to which power is applied in any preferred manner. C, is a pinion keyed
upon the driving shaft, which meshes into a gear D upon the main shaft E of
the machine. And upon this shaft E is a helical cam F cast or otherwise
supported, upon a hub G which is bored so as to fit the shaft E, to which it is
keyed: The cam F in its rotation engages with the chain driving wheel H,

page_text: which is set upon the end of the shaft I, which is journaled in bearings J, J,` sup-
ported on the frame of the machine. This driving wheel H has upon its periphery
a number of rollers K, K, &c. which rotate upon studs L fastened by nuts M to
the periphery of the wheel H; and these rollers are so spaced upon the periphery
of the wheel N and there are such a number of them that they will coact with the
helical cam F in such manner as to rotate the driving wheel H, intermittently,
or in other words, by a step by step movement. N, N, N, N, are four large carrier
wheels, the two at the right hand end of the machine are keyed to the shaft I,
and the two at the left hand end of the machine are keyed to a shaft O, which
revolves in bearings P, supported upon the frame of the machine. Q, Q, &c. are
notches made in the peripheries of the wheels N, N, &c. preferably opposite the
spokes thereof, in which the cross bolts S, S, &c. of the book carrier chain engage.
R, R, are the links of the book carrying chain. The construction of these links
and their arrangement in the book carrying chain is well seen in Fig. 13, that is to
say, the ends of each pair of links are pivoted upon a cross bolt S, the bolt extends
beyond the links, and upon the ends of each bolt there are placed small rollers T, T,
adapted to roll along a track or way, U, U, supported upon uprights forming part
of the frame A. In this way sagging of the parts is prevented. V, V, are clamp
plates attached to the inner face of the line of links R, which is upon the outside
of the machine. There are no clamp plates upon the line of links that is upon the
inside of the machine. W, W, (see Fig. 13) are the counterpart clamp plates for
those which are set upon the links of the chain as before stated. They are mounted
upon the cross bolts S at one end, and at the other, upon a cross bolt or rod Y ;
there being sleeves Z, Z, at the ends of the clamps W, whereby they are
adapted to slide smoothly and easily upon the cross bolts or rods S and Y.
A', A' are springs which encircle the rods S and Y respectively, and normally
exert a closing pressure upon the movable clamps W. Their tension may be
regulated by set nuts B The clamps W are provided with an upwardly
extending lug C', whereby they are withdrawn and the clamps opened as herein-
after set forth. The rod or cross bolt Y is entered into the links R, R at its
ends and held fast by set screws D¹; and the other end of these links is fastened
to the cross bolts S by similar set screws E'.
In order that the construction of the machine may be more easily perceived, the
devices will be described in the order of operation of the machine, consequently,
the devices employed for opening the clamps that the sheets or signatures com-
posing the book may be placed within them, will first be described, and after that,
the back dressing devices, then the glueing devices, and- all on in succession. To
begin with, therefore,
First. The clamp opening devices (see specially Figs. 1, 2, and 4). F¹, F¹ is a
cam mounted upon the shaft E, which engages with a roller G' mounted on a
recessed frame H', which is guided by and slides upon the shaft E, and which is
fastened by a set screw I¹ to the end of a longitudinally sliding bar J¹, which slides
through a bearing K' made on, or attached to, the slideway Ü, and at the forward
end of the slide bar J' is a dog L' fastened by a set screw as shown, which has a
rectangular projecting part M', which engages with the lug C₁ of the movable
jaws as they successively coincide with it during the operation of the machine,
and the parts are so timed that at each intermittent movement one of the jaws W
will coincide in position with the parts just described and will rest there while the
cam F, by reason of the continued revolution of the shaft E, retracts the slide
bar J, and consequently the movable jaw W, because of the engagement of the
part M of the dog L' with the lug C on the clamp, compressing the springs A¹,
and, during the time that the clamp is thus opened, the operator places the leaves
or signatures of a book, which of course have been properly arranged between the
clamps R and W, allowing them to drop until they rest upon a table N' (see Fig. 1)
whereby the book is properly supported in a vertical line, so that it will register
with the other devices in its passage through the machine. As the shaft still
further revolves the cam F¹ passes the roller G¹ and the clamp W acted upon by

page_text: the springs A close upon and grip the book, and carry it forward to the back
dressing devices.
Second: The back dressing devices. As the book is carried forward the lower
portion or back thereof which projects downwardly from the clamps, slides
between a fixed guide O¹ on the machine, and another counterpart guide P₁,
supported on the ends of rods Q₁ and supported vertically upon the table N'. All
the parts being supported upon a bracket R' (see Fig. 4), and this movable
guide P is pressed towards the fixed guide O' by springs S¹, which encircle the
rods Q', and the tension of these springs is such that the book will readily and
without injury slide between them as it is carried through the machine, irrespective
of the thickness of the book. The faces of the guides are of course smoothed
and preferably polished. The guide P¹ is prevented from, longitudinal movement
by a headed pin T which plays through a slot made in the lug U¹ formed on
the rear of the guide P¹, the pin T' is fastened into the table N', or any other
suitable support.
As the book is carried along through these guides it comes in contact with two
gangs of saws V₁ and W1; these are set at different angles (see Fig. 2) upon
shaft Y and Z, they being driven by a belt A2, which passes over pulleys B2
and C2 set upon the shaft Y and Z respectively, and also around the idlers D².
The belt A2 passes around a driving pulley E2 which is mounted on a shaft 77,
which may be driven in any suitable manner. We show it as driven by a bevelled
gear F mounted upon a shaft G2, which is driven by a belt pulley H2.
We obtain such adjustments as are desirable to maintain these parts in proper
running order by means of set screws shown in Fig. 1, which take a bearing
upon the boxes in which the shafts of the pulleys B2, C2 and D2 respectively
revolve, which bodily elevate or depress those boxes, thus giving any desired
adjustment.
In Figs. 19 and 20, the position of the parts during the surfacing of the back
of the book is clearly shown. In Fig. 19, the book is shown as being carried
along through the two guides O' and P' and in Fig. 20, the saws Ware shown
sawing off the back of the book, or in other words, surfacing it for the reception
of the backing material. We place the saws at different angles and employ two
sets of them so that we may avoid concaving the back of the book, as would
be the case if the saw run crosswise, also tearing the leaves, as would be the
case in running the saws lengthwise of the book. We wish it to be understood,
however, that good results can be obtained by running the saws either lengthwise
or crosswise, under many circumstances, we therefore do not limit ourselves to
saws arranged as we show them; this is simply our preferred arrangement, nor
do we limit ourselves to two sets of saws, a single saw may, under many circum-
stances, be employed.
By these devices the back of the book is made uniform, even and fibrous and
the folds of the signatures are removed exposing the edge of each individual
sheet, and the back of the book is adapted to receive the adhesive material, but
in order that all dust, loose pieces of fibre &c. may be removed prior to the
application of the adhesive material we employ a transversely arranged rotary
brush 12 which is mounted upon a little shaft suitably journaled upon the frame
of the machine, which is driven by a belt J2 which passes over a grooved pulley K²
set upon the shaft E, and around the little pulley L2 fastened upon the brush
shaft. The upper arc of this brush sweeps across the back of the book and
removes all loose particles, and additionally pulls out the fibres of the paper. The
machine next carries the book and subjects its back to the operation of
Third. The glueing devices, which are as follows: M2 is a pulley upon a shaft N2
suitably journaled on the frame of the machine. From it runs a belt 02 which
passes over a pulley P² which is keyed to the shaft E, thence arcund a pulley Q²
fastened upon the end of a shaft R2, thence over an idler pulley S2 and under the
pulley M again, in this way the shaft R2 is driven by the power derived from the
shaft E. On the shaft R2 is a sprocket wheel T2 over which a sprocket chain U'

page_text: passes which engages with another sprocket wheel V2, supported on a shaft W2,
upon which is one of the glue rollers Y2, the other glue roller Z being upon the
shaft R2. These two glue rollers revolve in the glue tank A³, their lower portion
running in the glue or other adhesive matter, in a manner well understood. In
Figs. 24 and 25 we show our preferred construction of these glue rollers, they are
preferably made of metal and their peripheries are scored circumferentially with
little grooves B3 which are shown in Fig. 25, they are likewise scored transversely
with other grooves C³. In this way the somewhat sharp or pointed projections
from the face of the glue rollers penetrate the fibrous and partially yielding backs
of the books and in very effective manner work the cementing or adhesive-
material into and upon them, thus securing good adhesion of the backing materials.
We prefer to use two glue rollers so as to be sure to secure a thorough application
of adhesive material. We do not, however, limit ourselves to a plurality of glue
rollers, under many circumstances one will answer very well; nor do we confine
ourselves to rollers having roughened surfaces. In order that excess of glue may
be removed from the rollers within the tank, we provide scrapers D³, D³, which are
attached to a sliding frame or strip of metal E³, which slides in rebates made in the
edges of the cover F3 of the glue tank, and we secure accurate adjustment by
means of a little thumb screw G3 which is attached by a spindle H³ to the end of
the frame E³; this spindle is threaded at its end and screws in and out of a
threaded hole made in the side of the glue pan. By this means we can with great
nicety adjust the little scrapers D³, toward or from the glue rollers, thus removing
excess of glue and lumps, bubbles &c. After the book has passed these glueing
devices it comes next to
Fourth The devices for feeding and applying the backing material. They are
as follows: Upon the shaft E (see Figs. 1, 2 and 7) is keyed a cam I³, which
engages with a roller J³ upon the end of a rocking lever K³ which is pivoted to the
frame at L3 and upon the free end of this lever is mounted a pair of sprocket
wheels M, over which passes sprocket chains N³ which engage other sprocket
wheels, O³, which are mounted in a swinging frame P3 which is pivoted to the main
frame of the machine at Q³, and upon the axle of the first named sprocket wheels M³
is keyed a ratchet wheel R³, with which engages a pawl S³ attached to the end of
a pivoted arm T³, and u³ is a spring which tends to pull the pawl down upon the
ratchet. The sprocket chains N³, N3 as best seen in Figs. 12 & 21 have mounted
upon alternate links, sheet iron plates V³, at the rear edge of each of which is an
upwardly extending flange W³. The backing material, which may be any suitable
fabric or fibrous or other material, ordinarily cotton batting, crash, paper, cloth
or a combination of these being first cut or otherwise made of the proper size.
and form to be applied to the backs of the books, is placed one piece at a time
upon each one of the plates V, with one edge resting against the upright flange W³,
and the adjustment of the parts, and the relation of the book holding clamp to
these plates when elevated for attaching the backing material to the book is such
that the flange acts as a guide or adjusting device for the backing material, so that
a portion of it will project beyond the back of the book and may be subsequently
folded up against the sides of the books for more complete and strong confinement
thereof. This is shown in Fig. 21, in which Y3 is the backing material being
pressed against the back of the book. The mechanical operation of this part of the
device is as follows:
During the revolution of the shaft E the cam 13 acting against the roller J³..
depresses the lever K³, the consequent elevation of the sprocket wheels M³ causes
the frame P³ and the other sprocket wheels 03 to swing and move upwardly with
the sprocket wheels M³. During which movement the pawl S³ causes a rotation
of the sprocket wheels by reason of its hold upon the ratchet wheel R³, in this way
the next succeeding plate V3 on the sprocket chains is moved into position and the
adjustments, as already stated, are such, that the backing material which at this
time is resting upon these plates, is carried upwardly and attached to the back of

page_text: the book, being pressed thereon by the upwardly rising plates Vo.
operation of the machine is
The next
Fifth. The cover attaching devices, which are as follows, reference being had to
Figs. 1, 2, 8 & 17. Upon the power shaft E is keyed a cam A' which engages with
a roller B on the end of a lever C, which is fulcrumed at D upon a suitable
support E, which rests upon the main frame. The front end of the lever C' is
bifurcated at F and on each horn is a roller G', which is pivoted to a nut H
turning upon little studs, the interior of the nut H is threaded and a threaded
rod J screws through it and upen the upper end of this rod is a cover supporting
table K. L, L' are two shafts supported at one end upon a frame or bracket M
and at their other ends upon a portion of the frame A as shown. Upon these
shafts are arranged vertical cover gauges N, N', which are supported upon a cross
frame 04, 0 each provided with a threaded sleeve P4, and the outside of the
shafts L, L are threaded to coincide with the thread in the sleeve, and at the end
of the frames O which is opposite that upon which the threaded sleeves are there
is another shorter sleeve Q, which slides upen the other shaft L'. And upon each
of these shafts is fastened a hand wheel R whereby the shafts may be conveniently
turned and the guides N consequently adjusted toward and from each other and
also shifted relative to the center of the table K so that any desired position of the
covers may be secured, other guides 8, 9, (see Fig. 2) may be employed for
locating the covers if desired. The threaded spindle J projects below the nut H
through a slideway S4 (see Fig. 8) made on the bracket M. And below this
slideway it passes through a sleeve T4 to which it is splined, and upon this sleeve is
attached a bevelled gear U which meshes into another gear V4 upon a shaft which
extends through a bearing W' attached to the bracket M, and upon the same shaft
is keyed a little ratchet gear Y4, and beyond this gear is a little hand wheel Z*.
The
engages with a pawl A5 pivoted to a crank B which is keyed to a
shaft C upon which is keyed a crank D³, to which is pivoted a rod E' which is
connected at F to the lever C. The operation of this part of the machine is as
follows: The shaft E revolving, the cam A* acting upon the roller B rocks the
lever C; the free end of the lever moving upwardly carries the spindle J and the
table K upon which the covers are piled, one on top of the other. The uppermost
one is thus pressed firmly against the back of the book, which is held in the
clamps R and W above it; the adhesive material having passed through the fibrous
material, or other backing stuff, or being squeezed through it by the pressure of the
cover attaches the cover to the back of the book. The spindle J* slides through
the slideway S and through the sleeve T, the spline in the sleeve sliding through
a slot in the spindle in a manner well known, and as the free end of the lever C
goes up it also takes up with it the connecting bar E, thus rocking the shaft C³,
whereby the pawl A' acting upon the ratchet gear Y turns the bevelled gears
and U, thus slightly rotating the spindle J, and causing it to screw itself upwardly
through the threaded sleeve H', in this way compensating for the thickness of the
covers which are successively removed by their attachment to the books; and in
order that covers of different thicknesses may be used, the throw of the pawl A³ is
regulated by a slot G made in the arm or lever B to which the pawl A' is
attached, so that it may be moved in and out relative to its axis C³, so that it will
engage with each succeeding tooth or every other tooth or every third, fourth or
other tooth of the ratchet gear Y as the case may require. The covers being
attached to the back of the book as stated, the machine next moves them to the
next devices, which are
gear Y4
Sixth. The cover drying, breaking and pressing devices, which are as follows:
Reference being had to Figs. 14, 24, 9, 10, 11, 22 and 23. H' and I are two large
pulleys suitably journaled upon the frame of the machine. Jo is a gear keyed upon
the shaft K. L' is a sprocket wheel upon the shaft K' and M' is a sprocket wheel
upon the shaft I, and N is a sprocket chain connecting these wheels. O is another
gear which meshes into the gear J'; it is supported upon a shaft P³ which is

page_text: suitably journaled upon the frame of the machine, and upon this same shaft the
large pulley 1 is keyed. It will thus be seen that through the chain of gearing
and power transmitting devices just stated, the large pulley I is driven from the
shaft I. Q is a steel belt which passes around the large pulleys H³, and I, and
between them it passes over a long table or plate of metal R³ which constitutes the
upper plate or side of a heating box S which is suitably heated by steam or
otherwise. T and U' are two cover breaking jaws which slide over the upper
surface of the steel band Q and close to that band and preferably rests upon it;
they are caused to approach and recede by the following arrangement of levers.
Upon the shaft E is keyed a cam Vs which acts upon a roller W on the end of a
lever Z which is fulcrumed at A in bearings on brackets C, C, which are
supported on the frame of the machine. D, De, are two arms which are keyed
upon the shaft A; and E, E are two connecting rods pivoted to these arms and
connecting with the clamp or cover breaker T at their other ends. The lever Z'
is adjustably clamped to the shaft A by a clamp and bolt F. Go and H are two
rods pivoted at one end respectively to arms 16, 16 which are adjustably clamped to
the shaft A by clamps and bolts J6; and the other ends of these arms H are
pivoted at K to levers L, L, which are fulcrumed at the lower ends as at M6, M6;
to brackets N, N", which are supported on the frame of the machine, and at the
upper ends of the levers L there are pivoted short arms 06, 06, upon the ends of
which the cover breaker U³ is attached. Pe is a guide bar for supporting and
guiding the loose end or flap of the cover on one side and Q is a similar bar on the
other side of the book holding clamps. These bars are supported upon the upper
front portion of the arms E6, E6 and 06, 0%, respectively, and their forward ends,
that is to say, the ends towards the left, as shown in Fig. 1A, are curved downwardly
below the plane of the back of the books, so that the cover in its flat condition,
which is attached to the back of the book, will be moved along by the machine in
a plane higher than the extreme forward ends of these guides, but by the time the
book has come opposite the forward ends of the breakers, T, and U, these guides
have curved upwardly to a plane higher than the back of the book, consequently
the covers are deflected and bent upwardly, as shown in Fig. 22, so that they are
above the incoming breakers, US and T', which slide in, as hereinafter explained,
and clamp or break the cover sharply around the corners of the book back, as
shown in Fig. 23. We will here state that the breakers T and Us are preferably
made, as shown clearly in Fig. 24, as is also the heating box and steel band Q, of
sufficient length to act a number of times upon the same book, that is to say, the
breakers in the machine as illustrated are long enough to give three successive
squeezes to the same book, and the heating box and steel band are sufficiently long
to allow the same book four periods of rest while in contact with them. This or
substantially this construction we prefer, because better results are obtained
when there are a plurality of these operations performed upon the same book, but
we do not limit ourselves to this construction, various devices may be successively
employed when sufficient to give or perform a single operation only.
It will also be apparent to those who are familiar with this art, that these devices
may, one or all of them, be divided and located at a suitable although different part
of the machine, provided their operation or function performed is substantially the
'same. It is not at all essential that they be located exactly as illustrated, nor is it
essential that these instrumentalities should be all in one piece, respectively, nor
upon this
operated by the same power conveying instrumentalities, and while
subject, we desire here to state that the foregoing is true of our machine generally,
except where its operation requires a special arrangement, the various parts may be
located, combined, actuated and generally disposed and constructed in any suitable
manner to perform the functions described.
The mechanical operation of the devices last described is as follows: The shaft E
revolves the cam G in contact with the roller W, which rocks the arm Z which
in turn rocks the shaft A', whereupon the arms D6, D6, acting through the con-
necting rods E, E and the arms 16, 16 acting through the connecting rods H°, H³,

page_text: levers L, L, and connecting rods 06, 0%, moves the cover breakers T5 and U
respectively, towards and from the books, squeezing and breaking the covers around
their back edges as already stated. And in order that books of different thicknesses
may be properly covered, and the breakers caused to coincide with the axial line of
each book irrespective of its thickness, the adjustable attachments or clamps F, on
the levers Z and J, J, on the levers G and H, have been provided, because as
will be seen, by loosening these clamps and bringing the breakers by hand up
against the first book of whatever thickness it may be, the parts will automatically
adjust themselves to their then position, and to a book of the thickness of the one
then present. And while the parts are in such new adjustment and the breakers
held firmly against the back of the book, the clamping bolts of the said clamps J, Jo
and F being set up firmly, the machine is put in position to operate upon books of
that thickness.
.
In order that the steel belt Q' may at all times have the proper tenseness
and variations resulting from contraction and expansion, stretching, wear &c.
be compensated for, we provide a tightening device, as follows. R is a smooth
faced pulley fulcrumed to the end of an arm Se which is pivoted at T to the frame
of the machine. U is a slotted plate rigidly fastened in any suitable manner
upon the shaft T and V is a bolt which passes through the slot in the plate U
and enters any suitable rigid part of the frame of the machine. By these means
and in a well known manner, the pulley Re may be pressed upwardly with greater
or less power, as desired, against the steel band Q, as shown in Fig. 1A, and set
or locked in the desired position by screwing up the set bolt V, so that its
head, or a washer under it, shall clamp and firmly hold the plate Q and con-
sequently the shaft T and pulley R in the desired position.
It will be observed that the operation of the cover feeding, the cover breaking
and the cover drying devices, the same as those heretofore described, is intermittent
or step by step, deriving their respective movement from devices which either
have an intermittent movement themselves, or else are so constructed as to act
intermittently upon the parts.
In the manner above stated the books are received one at a time in each pair of
clamps as they are presented to the operator in an open condition and in due
course, each set of clamps has its own book which are automatically carried step
by step through the machine. At each step one or the other of the operations
above described are performed upon them and in due time they are carried up
over the right hand wheels N, N of the book carrying chain and are then carried
across the machine in an inverted position, and in reverse direction to the delivery
end, which is close by the place of feeding, and during this transit, the books
become sufficiently, if not entirely, dry and hardened, so that they will permanently
maintain their shape when delivered from the machine, and may be immediately
packed for shipment. It therefore only remains to describe
Seventh. The delivery devices, which are as follows: Reference being had to
Figs. 1, 2 and 4. The clamp opening devices for the delivery of the covered book
is substantially, if not identically the same, as the devices which open the clamp
for the receipt of the books in the first instance, that is to say, having special
reference to Figs. 2 and 4. F is a cam the same as the cam on the shaft E.
G' is a roller same as the roller G'; H' is a slotted plate or frame, the same
as the plate or frame H'. 17 is a set screw same as the set screw '; J' is a
sliding connecting rod, same as the rod J¹; K' is a slide way or bearing the same
as K. L' is a dog the same as the dog L'; M' is a laterally projecting surface
from the dog adapted to engage with the lug C¹ on the movable clamp W. These
devices just described are spaced so that they shall open the pair of clamps
immediately succeeding those which are open for the receipt of a book in the first
instance and when they are opened, the book carried by them drops from the clamp
through an opening in a plate A' on the underside of which there are attached two
guides for closing the covers up against the sides of the book, which are
marked B', B'. After dropping through them the book falls on its back upon the

page_text: delivery table C', and then a pusher D' successively pushes the books along over
the table as shown in Fig. 4, thus always leaving a vacant space for the succeeding
book. This pusher is constructed and operated as follows. Upon the main
shaft E is arranged a cam E', which engages with a roller N' on a pivoted lever O',
pivoted to the frame at P It is connected by a connecting bar Q' with the
pusher rod R' which is suitably supported in bearings upon the frame of the
machine. The operation is obvious, the cam E' during the revolution of the shaft E,
throws the roller N' and lever O' forwardly and this movement is transmitted to the.
pusher rod R' by the connecting rod Q. The parts are retracted by a compressing
spring S placed between the lever O and the frame.
The machine as above described is adapted to the manufacture of flat back
books, and before describing the parts employed when I make round back books,
I will describe its operation briefly as already set forth, that it may be more easily
and clearly understood, and in this general description, which I am about to give,
I will not recite in detail the operation of the several parts, because that has
already been given during the description of the several devices.
The books are placed in the first instance between the clamps of the machine,
when they are open by the devices first described, located immediately at the left
of the saws, as seen in Fig. 2. The book is automatically clamped by, the machine
and carried during the next forward step thereof against the first gang of saws,
where the back is surfaced and the edge of each sheet exposed to the action
of the adhesive material. And at the same time another book is put into the
succeeding pair of clamps which are then automatically presented and opened
to the operator, or feeder; at the next step of the machine, the first book is acted
upon by the second gang of saws, the second book by the first gang of saws,
and still another book is placed within the third pair of clamps in this manner, and
in step by step fashion, the books are received by the machine and are subjected to
the various operations in turn, i.e. first the backs are surfaced, then the backs are
brushed, then the adhesive material is applied, then the backing stuff is applied,
then the covers are attached, then the covers are deflected so that the cover
breakers act upon their outsides, then they are subjected to the operation of the
cover breakers and to the drying and pressing devices, being squeezed or compressed
preferably a plurality of times, then they travel the entire length of the machine
and in reverse direction, during which they become dry and firmly set and finally
they are one by one delivered automatically from the machine and piled up in a
row in proper shape for packing, unless the edges have to be trimmed, if so, they
And it will be observed
are in convenient shape to take to the cutting machine.
that in our machine there is no loss or delay occasioned by back movements. The
work is progressive and is accomplished at each forward movement of the machine.
This is a great advantage. Also, that the books when once placed in the machine,
are automatically treated by it, requiring no attention whatever, excepting to see
that a sufficient number of covers are on the cover feeding table and a thousand
or so of them can be placed there at one time, therefore, substantially the only
attendance the machine requires, is that of a boy or girl to place the books within
the clamps in the first instance, and of another boy or girl to feed the backing
material to the carrier therefor. Of course, the machinist or other competent
person always present in binderies, of sufficient importance to utilize one of these
machines, will adjust the machine in the first instance to adapt it to run an edition.
of any special work.
When desiring to make round backed books, we simply modify the construction
and in certain respects the operation of some of the parts, as follows, and all of
the devices in the machine, excepting those which we shall not specially mention
remain and operate and may be constructed, substantially the same as already
described for making flat backed books: Instead of the first gang of saws for
dressing the backs, I prefer to employ a knife, which will smoothly and without
fibering the back of the books, cut off the signature folds and the rear edges of
all the sheets, leaving them smooth and not interlocked with each other in any
P

page_text: way, so that they may more certainly and with greater accuracy assume the
rounding position which I will hereafter describe. The knife is shown in
Figs. 26, 27 and 28. a is a bracket which is bolted to the frame of the machine
in the place occupied by the first gang of saws; b, b, are stay rods bolted to the
forward end of the bracket a, the other ends of the rods being journalled on
the main shaft E. d, d, are connecting rods operated by cams on the main shaft E;
they are connected at e with a sliding knife carrier which slides upon ways
made on the bracket a; is the knife which is bolted to the knife carrier by
bolts h, h. is a clamp sliding under guides j, which are bolted to the bracket as
shown. is a spring coiled about a spindle which abuts at one end against.
a lug m on the clamp and the other end against another lug n on the knife carrier f.
The spindle slides through the lug n when the spring is compressed, and it is
confined against too great forward movement under the operation of the spring by
a washer 09 the forward end of the spindle / being threaded into the lug m. The
operation is obvious, as the shaft E is revolved, the cams acting through the connecting
rods d, d, press the knife forwardly; the stay rods b, b, acting as a resistance to the
cams and strengthening the machine for this operation. The book is held in the
clamps already described in proper adjustment, so that as the knife is pressed forwardly
it shears off the entire rear surface of the book, the resistance for the knife being
afforded by the wooden bar p, which is suitably supported upon the bracket.
Immediately following the knife and before coming to the second set of saws, the
book is subjected to the back rounding devices shown in Figs. 29 and 30. These
are as follows: By the end of the knife we provide a supporting bar which is
suitably sustained upon any rigid part of the machine, and upon it we place and
hold in any suitable manner a female die or former r; it is readily removable
and may be made of hard wood if preferred, because it will be necessary to have
a number of them adapted to books of different thickness, and if made of wood,
they may be at the time of use easily reduced in size without expense. And the
books at the step made by the machine following the one at which the backs
were sheared, move successively over this female die, and when in this position
devices which are, or may be, identical with those already described for auto-
matically opening the clamp, act upon the clamps which hold the book over the
female die and open them, but they do not open them so much as in the other
cases, the cam which operates the clamp opener is so constructed and the parts
are supplied with such adjusting devices that the clamps open sufficiently only to
loosen their hold upon the books, and thereupon a cam suitably located on the
shaft E acts upon the rear end of a pivoted lever, the forward bifurcated ends
only of which are shown at s, s: it is not deemed necessary to show this entire
bar because this construction is exceedingly simple and cannot fail to be under-
stood. The pivot upon which it rocks may be fastened to any suitable part of the
machine. The said pivot is a roller, or at least, a rounded piece of wood or metal,
or equivalent material, held between the bifurcated ends s, s, in line longitudinally
with the axis of the book, and as the shaft E revolves this rounding depressor t
is pressed downwardly against the upper edges of the book, pressing the rear edges
of the sheets into the female die r, and making the back of the book conform in
shape thereto. In Fig. 29 we show the book as having dropped by its own weight
through the relaxed clamps, all of the leaves of the book go down together because
there is more friction between paper and paper, especially after having been
squeezed together, than there is between paper and the polished surfaces of the
clamps, consequently the exterior sheet on both sides of the book, will by their own
weight conform to the shape of the female die against which they drop, but the
interior sheets, partly because of friction and partly because the inclined surfaces
of the die compress them somewhat, are apt not to arrange themselves in
conformity with the shape of the female dic, therefore, as shown in Fig. 30, the
rocking of the bifurcated lever causes the former t to press downwardly upon the
central and in fact all of the leaves of the book, thus overcoming such friction as
may exist between the leaves and securing the desired result.

page_text: After the book has been thus rounded at its back, the clamps are again allowed
o tighten upon the book, and at the next step it moves along to the second gang
of saws, which as before stated is the only set we ordinarily use for round backed
books, and they are constructed and arranged a little different from those used for
Hat backed books and are as shown in Fig. 31, that is to say, they are made of
different diameters, the outside saws of the gang having greater diameter than the
nner ones, the diameters gradually decreasing from the outside of the gang to its
center, this of course gives a concave face to the gang as a whole, and instead of
being arranged upon a shaft set at an acute angle to the line of travel of the book
carrying chain of clamps, it is set at a right angle thereto, so that the saws revolve
na plane parallel with the line of movement of the clamps. This construction is
hown in Figs. 1, 2 and 31. u, u, are the outside saws which have greater diameter
than the central ones ", v. w is the shaft ; is the book and 2, z, are the clamps.
a', a are guides substantially the same in their operation as the guides O'
and P' (see Figs. 2 and 4). In both cases they act to stay or support the book
during the back sawing operation, but in the case of round backed books there is
a little difference in shape, the forward edges of the guides against which the book
rubs are bent downwardly as shown in Figs. 31 and 32, so that they will be out of
the way of the saws and afford better opportunity for the outer sheets to turn
upwardly under the action of the saw, thus giving the effect or widening to the
back of the book desirable in round backed books. And in order that this result
may follow, these guides a¹, a¹ are set somewhat higher than those in the other
case. The turning outwardly and upwardly of the exterior sheets under the action
of the saws is shown at b, b, Fig. 31. In Fig. 32, we show the glue rollers, they
are made concave on their edge, the same as the saw. c¹ is one of the rollers.
d is its shaft and el is the concave face, adapted to conform to the back of the
book as rounded. And we prefer to elevate the guides a', a', a little by bending
the edge thereof upwardly, just before coming to the glue rollers, so that they will
not be smeared by the glue.
At the next step of the machine the backing material is attached which as
before stated may be of various kinds, but preferably cotton batting, because its
fibres intermesh and interlock with the fibrous condition of the back of the book
as left by the saws. better than most other materials. And at the next step, which
in the case of flat backed books was that at which the covers were fed and attached,
we substitute in the place of those covering devices, others which are as follows,
whereby there is automatically made and applied to the rounded backs of the
books, a strong, durable binding material composed preferably of crash and paper,
thus adapting the books to be bound in the so called spring back fashion if desired,
and at the same time providing the laterally projecting flaps to which the casings
can thereafter be fastened in any of the well known ways. These devices are as
follows, reference being had to Figs. 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37. f1 (see especially
Fig. 33) is the apparatus already described for feeding the cotton batting, and
immediately in front of or beyond it, and so located as to properly register with
the position of the parts at the next step of the machine, is a glue tank g¹, in which
slotted
revolves a roller ¹ above which is a roll of paper , supported upon
standards, mounted upon the glue tank; and a roll of crash or equivalent
material revolves on an axis supported in bearings on the ends of brackets
made on the glue tank; m¹ is one side of an oscillating frame pivoted at n' to the
standard j', the other side of this frame is not apparent in Fig. 33, but it is
supported on the other side of the glue tank in the same manner as that shown,
and the other bracket is also not shown for the same reason. o' is a lug which
engages with a set screw p' to determine the rearward movement of the frame m'.
q' is a roller revolving on an axis about half way up the oscillating frame m¹
and is another similar roller at the upper portion of this frame. s' is a little
friction roller, or check roller, mounted on the ends of two arms t¹, which are
pivoted to the end of horizontal extensions u¹ from the frame m¹. v, v¹ are wires

page_text: a portion of which constitute a spring w³, the ends of the wires are attached to the
nut of the set screw p¹ at one end and at the other end to the little rocking arms t¹.
y is a little table attached to the upper end of the oscillating frame m² and z¹ is
another table attached to an upright frame a², supported upon arms in which
turns a roller c, the upper arc of which projects above the table z', and the arms 62
are keyed upon a shaft 2 which is intermittently rocked by a lever e², which is
actuated by a small cam not shown upon the main shaft E. 2 is a rocking bar
which is sleeved at g2 upon a stud 2, made on or passing through the side of the
glue tank g. And on the upper free end of the rod or bar is attached the
shears constructed as follows: is one blade of the shears, it is pivoted at 2 to
the upper end of the bar f2 and has a rearwardly extending stem k³, which slides,
through an eye bolt 2, which is secured to any suitable part of the machine,
preferably the track or way u, the upper blade of the shears m² is likewise pivoted
upon the pivot and has a downwardly extending bell crank lever n² to which is
pivoted a connecting rod o' to the other end of which there is attached a grooved
cam (not shown because it is well understood) keyed upon the main shaft E.
another rod pivoted at 92 to the rock bar fat the other end of which there is
another grooved cam (also not shown) placed upon the main shaft E.
The
operation of these parts is as follows :-The various devices being so timed in a
manner well understood as that the parts shall operate and co-act with each other
.so as to effect the results about to be explained.
is
The paper and the crash are both together passed from their respective rolls
about the small rollers q¹ and r¹ as shown by reference letter r³ and thence over the
tables y' and ', and it will be noticed that the crash comes upon the pasted side of
the paper, and that it will be pressed to the paper and caused to adhere thereto by
the pressure of the rollers q₁ and 1. And these two materials are cut to sub-
stantially the desired width sufficient in other words to cover the rounded back of
the books, and project laterally therefrom at each side sufficient to form the flap
for the attachment of the casings thereto.
As the shaft E revolves the lever e² is intermittently rocked, which rocks the
shaft d² and consequently lifts the roller and the table and the compound strip
of crash and paper up against the back of the book, the adhesive material oozes or
is pressed partially through the crash and it also passes through the cotton batting
on the back of the book, so that when the table z and the roller c² bring the crash
and paper against the book back it adheres thereto; and at the next step of the
machine the paper and crash is pulled forwardly with the book, and this pull causes
the oscillating frame m' to rock forwardly somewhat expanding or stretching the
spring w, and at the same time unwinding more of the paper and crash, but before
the book starts, the roller c² and table have again moved downwardly. The
forward movement of the book is sufficient to bring the rear of the clamps which
hold the book a trifle in advance of the shears, so that the shaft E continuing to
revolve, the connecting rod p² being acted upon by its grooved cam, which is upon the
shaft E, swings the bar forwardly and the crash and paper passes between the
blades of the shears. The bar f² is held in this position by the construction of
the cams, while the cam at the end of the rod of which is also on the shaft E
operates the shears and severs the paper and crash, thereupon, the spring w' acts
and retracts the oscillating frame m' until it is stopped by the set screw plengaging
with the lug o', and the friction, or check roll, s, during this operation holds the
compound strip so that it will not drop back or become misplaced, but will be
simply drawn back over the table 2¹ and roller c² into the proper position to register
with and be attached to the next succeeding book upon a repetition of the move-
ments. The oscillating frame m¹ is employed among other reasons, so that the
material composing the compound strip may not be wasted, which would be the case
were it not possible to retract that material after having been once severed.
Immediately in advance of the devices last described the book is subjected to the
operation of devices for pressing and drying and breaking this stiff, strong compound

page_text: backing material upon the book, which are as follows, reference being nan especiany
to Figs. 35, 36 and 37. These devices being substituted for the cover pressing
drying and breaking devices heretofore described.
.,.
The book carrying chain of clamps. is shown passing over the devices about to
be described, the links R of which only are indicated in these figures to avoid.
confusion. The clamp plates and also the books, three in number, are also shown
in proper relative positions, s is a wheel substantially the same as the pulley I.
shown in Fig. 14, which supports the steel band Q, that is to say, this wheel 82-
performs substantially the same function, but it is totally different in construction..
It is made double as shown in Fig. 36, and has radially projecting arms, or
spokes 2 in the ends of which notches or recesses are formed adapted to engage
with the cross bolts u², which connect what may be called links of the presser
breaker and dryer chain. This chain comprises a series of centrally located bars.
or plates 2, which are fulcrumed at their ends on cross bolts u², on the end of which.
are little rollers y², y² &c. These little rollers roll along upon tracks 2, 22 (see
especially Fig. 36) which are capable of vertical adjustment by being supported
upon brackets a³, a³ through the instrumentality of vertically. adjustable set.
screws, which are threaded into bosses or enlargements c³, c³, made on the
brackets a³, the upper ends of which enter and turn in sockets made in the under
surface of similar bosses d³ formed upon the sides of the rails ³. On the underside
of the bars or frames v² and near each end of each one, there are two downwardly
extending and diverging arms e³, e³ and ƒ³, ƒ³, between the extremities of which.
bolts or pivots g³, 93, extend, upon which are fulcrumed crescent shaped, clamping-
levers h³, h³, from the outer surface of each of which there extends a stem i³,
upon which turn little rollers 3, 3, which likewise roll upon the tracks 2, 2.
The operation is as follows: The double wheels and also its companion over-
which the clamping, pressing and drying chain passes in the same manner as the
book carrying chain passes over its wheel, which are similarly constructed, are
supported upon suitable bearings and are suitably driven by the same devices as
those which drive the steel bands in the other construction, and of course the
movement is intermittent; and as each book comes to these devices in its transit
through the machine its back upon which the compound piece of paper and crash
has been already partially adhered, is received upon or pressed against the concave.
upper surface of the bar 2. Up to this time, assuming that we are considering the.
machine as having no books in it, the one referred to being the first book which
comes to these devices, the weight of the drying, pressing and breaking frame has
been carried by the rollers y², y², &c., which roll along upon the rails 3,2, between
the double wheels s³, and the crescent shaped clamps when there is no book between.
them, simply close quite closely together when the little rollers come in contact
with the rails, but as soon as a book comes, along and rests in the concave upper
surface of the bar or frame v² of any link, then the crescent shaped clamps /³ in.
attempting to close when their rollers come in contact with the inclined forward
end of the rails 2, they come in contact with the book, or rather with the outer
surface of the compound backing material of paper and crash, marked k³ in Fig. 36,.
and consequently the little rollers 3 cannot rise to the plane of the underside of the
rollers y, and consequently the entire chain is elevated somewhat and rides upon
the rollers only. This as will be seen exerts a very peculiar clamping and
pressing action upon the books, because not only are the inner edges of the clamping-
surfaces of the crescent shaped clamps pressed hard against the crash and paper
just above the back edge of the book, but also owing to the leverage action the
plate is drawn snugly up against the back of the book, firmly pressing the com- .
pound material upon it. If desired, which however will not ordinarily be necessary,
the plates and also the crescent shaped clamps h³ and in fact this whole part of
the apparatus may be kept warm or hot by gas jets i³, 13 &c. supplied from a
suitably located pipe m³ in a manner well understood.
.It is obvious that the books may be subjected to the clamping and pressing
operation of these devices as long as desired by simply extending the track and the

page_text: chain; and it is also obvious that within certain limits adjustment of the crescent
shaped clamps and co-acting parts may be obtained by elevating or depressing the
rails by means of the set screws 3. The crescent shaped clamps let go of the
book by running down an incline at the further end of the rails or by passing off
the end of the rails, whereupon the chain slightly lowers, the wheels y². come
in contact with the rails and support it and the rollers being at this time
unsupported, they as stated having passed beyond the rails will, under the
influence of gravity, fall open by themselves, thus releasing the books which will
thereafter be carried by the main carrier chain up over the wheel and back again
to the delivery end of the machine.
It will be obvious to those who are familiar with this art that a great many
modifications may be made in the construction of the various parts of our machine,
we therefore, do not limit ourselves to the details but intend to cover in the claims
hereof all mechanical equivalents for the construction shown by us. Many such
equivalents are known to us, which however we make no mention of because, if
all were mentioned, this application would become too ponderous to be easily
comprehended.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
First. The herein described method of mechanically binding and covering books
and the like, which consists in evening the back of the book, applying adhesive
material thereto, applying backing material thereto, presenting the cover in its flat
condition thereto, and pressing the cover upon the book, substantially as set forth.
Second. The herein described method of mechanically binding and covering
books and the like, which consists in surfacing the back of the book, applying
adhesive material thereto, presenting the cover in its flat condition thereto, and
pressing the cover upon the book, substantially as set forth.
Third. The herein described method of mechanically binding and covering books
and the like, which consists in surfacing the back of the book, applying adhesive
material thereto, applying a backing material thereto, presenting a cover in its
flat condition thereto, pressing the cover upon the book, and folding the flaps of
the cover against the sides of the book, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The herein described method of mechanically binding and covering
books and the like, which consists in surfacing the back of the book, removing
loose particles therefrom, applying adhesive material thereto, presenting the cover
thereto, and pressing the cover upon the book back, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The herein described method of mechanically binding and covering books
and the like, which consists in surfacing the back of the book, removing the loose
particles therefrom, applying adhesive material thereto, applying fibrous or other
backing material, upon the back of the book, applying the cover thereto and by
pressure squeezing the adhesive material through the backing material to the cover,
substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The herein described method of mechanically binding and covering books
and the like which consists in surfacing the back of the book, removing the loose
particles therefrom, applying adhesive material thereto, applying fibrous or other
backing material upon the back of the book, applying the cover thereto and by
pressure squeezing the adhesive material through the backing material to the
cover, smoothing the cover upon the back of the book and folding its flaps against.
the sides of the books substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The herein described method of mechanically binding and covering
books and the like, which consists in surfacing the back of the book, removing
loose particles therefrom, applying adhesive material thereto, applying backing
material thereto, applying a cover thereto, pressing the cover against the book back
and breaking its flaps around the corners of the book, substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The herein described method of binding books, which consists in

page_text: surfacing the back of the book, applying adhesive material thereto, applying
backing material thereto and pressing the same against the book back, substantially
ȧs set forth.
Ninth. The herein described method of binding books, consisting in surfacing
the back of the book, removing loose particles therefrom, applying adhesive
material thereto, and applying and pressing backing material upon the back of the
book, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The herein described method of mechanically and successively binding
books, consisting in successively clamping the books, then moving them to a back
surfacing device. then to a glueing device, then to devices for applying the backing
material and then to cover applying devices, substantially as set forth.
Eleventh. The herein described method of mechanically and successively binding
and covering books, consisting in successively clamping the books, then subjecting
them to back surfacing devices, then to devices for removing loose particles, then
to devices for applying adhesive material then to devices for applying the backing
material, then to devices for applying and pressing the cover upon the book,
whereby they are successively bound and covered, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. The herein described method of binding books mechanically and
automatically, consisting in first clamping the books, then surfacing their backs;
then unclamping them, and rounding their backs, then applying adhesive material
to the backs, then applying backing material to the backs, and pressing the same
upon the books, substantially as set forth.
Thirteenth. The herein described method of mechanically and automatically
binding books, consisting in first clamping the books, then surfacing their backs,
then unclamping and rounding the backs, then roughening or fibering the backs as
rounded, then applying adhesive material to the backs and then applying and
pressing backing material to the backs, substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth. The herein described process of mechanically and automatically
binding books, consisting in, first, clamping the books, then surfacing their back
then unclamping them and rounding their backs, then applying adhesive material
to their backs as rounded, then simultaneously making and applying a compound
backing material to the books, then pressing and drying the backing material upon
the books, substantially as set forth.
Fifteenth. The herein described process of mechanically and automatically
binding books, consisting in first clamping the books, then surfacing their backs,
then unclamping and rounding their backs, then applying adhesive material to
the backs, then simultanously making and applying to the backs a compound
backing material, then forming or shaping and pressing the backing material upon
the back and about the edges of the book, substantially as set forth.
Sixteenth. The herein described process of mechanically and automatically
binding books, consisting in first clamping the books, then surfacing their backs,
then unclamping and rounding their backs, then applying adhesive material to the
back of the book, then automatically feeding and applying fibrous material to the.
back, then simultaneously making and applying to the book a compound binding
material and pressing the same upon the book, whereby the adhesive material is
squeezed through the fibrous material and then forming and shaping the compound
backing material upon the back and about the edges of the book, substantially as
set forth.
Seventeenth. The herein described process of preparing books for binding, con-
sisting of clamping the books and then surfacing their backs by cutting or paper-
removing devices operating at different angles relative to the back of the book,
substantially as set forth.
Eighteenth. The process described of preparing books for binding, consisting in
clamping or holding the books in their desired position, slicing or removing the
back edges of the book leaves, roughening the said edges, and applying adhesive
material thereto, substantially as set forth.
Nineteenth. The described process of preparing books for binding, consisting in

page_text: holding or clamping the books in the desired position, surfacing the back of the
books and applying adhesive material thereto by a plurality of devices for applying
the same, which operate upon the same book successively, substantially as set forth.
Twentieth. The method described of applying adhesive material to the backs of
books, consisting in simultaneously applying the adhesive material and puncturing
the back of the book, whereby the material is injected, or worked into, the back
of the book, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-first. The method herein described of preparing books for binding,
consisting in evening the backs of the books, fibering or roughening the same, and
working adhesive material into the same, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-second. The method herein described of binding books consisting in
applying adhesive material to the back of the book, applying fibrous material upon
the same and simultaneously constructing, applying and pressing to the back of the
book a compound binding material whereby the glue is squeezed through the fibrous
material, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-third. The method herein described of binding books mechanically, con-
sisting in applying adhesive material to the back of the book, applying the binding
material to the book, then moving the book and material to a severing device,
severing the binding material and returning it to position ready for the next
succeeding book, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-fourth. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold
the book, a back surfacing device and back glueing devices, substantially as set
forth.
Twenty-fifth. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a
book, a plurality of devices for surfacing the back of the book acting upon it at
different angles, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-sixth. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a
book, a plurality of devices for surfacing the back of the book acting upon it at
different angles and a back brushing device, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-seventh. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold
a book, back surfacing devices, and a plurality of glueing devices, constructed and
arranged to act upon the same book, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-eighth. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a
book a plurality of devices for surfacing the back of the book, and a plurality of
glue applying devices, adapted to act upon the same book substantially as set
forth.
Twenty-ninth. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a
book, surfacing devices for the back of the book, back brushing devices, and a
plurality of glue applying devices adapted to act upon the same book, substantially
as set forth.
Thirtieth. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a book
a back surfacing device back glueing devices and feeding devices for the backing
material, substantially as set forth.
Thirty-first. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a
hook, a back surfacing device, back glueing devices and applying and feeding
devices for the backing material, substantially as set forth.
Thirty-second. The combination of a book carrier, adapted to grasp and hold a
book, a back surfacing device, back glueing devices, a device for feeding backing
material to the books and devices for pressing and shaping the same upon the book,
substantially as set forth.
Thirty-third. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a
book, a back surfacing device which evens and roughens the back of the book and
glue applying devices which simultaneously apply the adhesive material and
puncture the back of the book, substantially as set forth.
Thirty-fourth. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a
book, a back surfacing device and a device for applying adhesive material which
likewise punctures the back of the book, substantially as set forth.

page_text: Thirty-fifth. The combination of a book carrier adapted to grasp and hold a
book, a back surfacing device, a back brushing device and a glue applying device,
substantially as set forth.
Thirty-sixth. The combination of a book carrier adapted so grasp and hold a
book, a back surfacing device, a back brushing device and a glue applying device,
which likewise punctures the back of the book, substantially as set forth.
Thirty-seventh. The combination of a movable book clamping device, adapted
to grasp and hold the book, a glueing device and a feeding device for the backing
material, substantially as set forth.
Thirty-eighth. The combination of a movable book clamping device a glueing
device and a feeding and attaching device for presenting and pressing backing
material to and upon the book, substantially as set forth.
Thirty-ninth. The combination of a book carrier, a glueing device and feeding
and attaching device for presenting and pressing backing material to and upon the
book, and a cover feeding device, substantially as set forth.
Fortieth. The combination of a book carrier, a glueing device, a feeding and
attaching device for presenting and pressing backing material to and upon the book,
a cover feeding device and cover breaking and pressing devices, substantially as set
forth.
Forty-first. The combination of a book carrier, back surfacing devices, a glueing
device, a feeding and attaching device for presenting and pressing backing material
to and upon the book, a cover feeding device and cover breaking and pressing
devices, substantially as set forth.
Forty-second. The combination of a book carrier a back surfacing device, a
brush, a glueing device, and a feeding and attaching device for the backing
material, a cover feeding device and a cover breaking and pressing device, substan-
tially as set forth.
Forty-third. The combination of a book carrier, a back surfacing device, a
glueing device, a feeding and attaching device for the backing material, a back
rounding device, a roll of paper and a roll of crash or like materials and a glueing
apparatus co-acting therewith means to bring the paper. and crash together and
means for applying the same to the back of the book, and a severing device,
substantially as set forth.
Forty-fourth. The combination of a book carrier, a book surfacing device, a
glueing device, a feeding and attaching device for the backing material, a back
rounding device, a roll of paper and a roll of crash or like materials and a glueing
apparatus co-acting therewith, means to bring the paper and crash together and
means for applying the same to the back of the book, and a severing device,
and means automatically operated whereby the paper and crash are formed or
shaped upon the back and around the edges of the book, substantially as set forth.
Forty-fifth. In a book binding and covering machine, the combination of a
feeding and attaching device for the backing material and a cover feeding and
attaching device, substantially as set forth.
Forty-sixth. In a book binding and covering machine the combination of feeding
5 and attaching devices for the backing material, a cover feeding device and a cover
breaking and pressing device, substantially as set forth.
Forty-seventh. In a book binding machine the combination of glueing devices
for the back of the book, devices for feeding and attaching fibrous or like
materials thereto, a roll of paper and a roll of crash or like materials, a glueing
O device co-acting with said rolls, means to bring the paper and crash together and
means for applying the compound strip to the book back, substantially as set forth.
Forty-eighth. In a book binding machine the combination of glueing devices
for the back of the book, devices for feeding and attaching fibrous or like materials
thereto, a roll of paper and a roll of crash or like materials, a glueing device co-acting
with said rolls, means to bring the paper and crash together and means for applying
the compound strip to the book back, and a severing device for the compound strip,
substantially as set forth.
C

page_text: Forty-ninth. In a book binding machine the combination of a roll of paper and
a roll of crash or like materials a glueing device co-acting therewith, means to
bring the crash and paper together and means to bring them in contact. with
the book and a device for severing the crash and paper, substantially as set
forth.
Fiftieth. In a book binding machine the combination of a roll of paper and a
roll of crash, or like materials, a glueing device co-acting therewith, means to bring
the crash and paper together, means to bring the compound strip thus formed into
contact with the book back, a severing device for the compound strip and means
to form or shape the compound strip upon the back and edges of the book,
substantially as set forth.
Fifty-first. In a book binding machine the combination of a plate or bar, a
clamp upon each side thereof and means whereby the plate or bar is pressed
against the back of the book and simultaneously therewith the clamps are pressed
against the sides of the book near the back edges whereby the backing material.
is formed upon or about the back of the book and its edges, substantially as set
forth.
Fifty-second. In a book binding or covering machine, the combination of clamps
which hold the book and carry it forward, back surfacing devices and back glueing
devices and means between the two last devices whereby the clamp is relaxed and.
the back of the book rounded and the clamp again caused to grip the book in its
changed condition, substantially as set forth.
Fifty-third. In a book binding or covering machine, the combination of clamps
which hold the book and carry it forwardly, back surfacing devices and back
glueing devices and means between the two last devices whereby the clamp is,
relaxed and the back of the book rounded and the clamp again caused to grip the
book in its changed condition and devices for feeding and attaching backing
material to the book, substantially as set forth.
Fifty-fourth. In a book binding or covering machine, the combination of clamps
which hold the book and carry it forwardly, back surfacing devices and back
glueing devices and means between the two last devices whereby the clamp is
relaxed and the back of the book rounded and the clamp again caused to grip the
book in its changed condition and devices for feeding and attaching backing
material to the book and means for applying adhesive material between the paper
and crash or like materials and for uniting them to each other and to the book,
substantially as set forth.
Fifty-fifth. In a book binding or covering machine, the combination of clamps
which hold the book and carry it forwardly, back surfacing devices and back
glueing devices and means between the two last devices whereby the clamp is
relaxed and the back of the book rounded and the clamp again caused to grip
the book in its changed condition and devices for feeding and attaching backing
material to the book and means for applying adhesive material, between the paper
and crash or like materials and for uniting to each other.and to the book, and
means to clamp or press the compound strip of paper and crash or like materials
upon the back and about the edges of the book, substantially as set forth.
Fifty-sixth. In a book binding machine, the combination of jaws or clamps which
hold the book and carry the same, a die or former for the book back and devices
constructed and arranged to relax the clamps and to press the book into the said
mould or former, when the clamps are coincident in location with them, substantially
as set forth.
Fifty-seventh. In a book binding or covering machine, the combination of
movable book holding and carrying clamps and devices constructed and arranged
to open the clamps when they are at rest, substantially as set forth.
Fifty-eighth. The combination in a book binding or covering device of movable
clamps adapted to hold and carry the book and means for opening the clamps when
they are at rest, actuated by the main shaft of the machine, substantially as set
forth.

page_text: Fifty-ninth. An intermittently moving book carrier having a plurality of book
holding clamps, surfacing devices and glueing devices for the backs of the books
and devices for feeding the backing material and the covers to the books, all of
which are fixed in location, whereby the books are moved by the carrier coincident
with the said devices successively, substantially as set forth.
Sixtieth. The combination in a book binding or covering machine of an inter-
mittently moving book carrier having a plurality of book holding clamps,
continuously running book surfacing and book glueing devices for the backs of the
books against which the said carrier successively carries the books and means for
feeding and attaching backing material and covers to the backs of the books,
substantially as set forth.
Sixty-first. The combination in a book binding or covering machine of a carrier
provided with book holding clamps adapted to hold and carry a book and to
sustain it while being operated upon and means for opening or relaxing said clamps,
changing the position or arrangement of the book and re-clamping it in its altered
condition for further operations, substantially as set forth.
Sixty-second. In a book covering or binding machine, the combination of two
endless carriers placed relatively to each other so that the adjacent portions run in
the same direction, one of them having book holding clamps and the other having
devices which operate upon the book, substantially as set forth.
Sixty-third. In a book covering or binding machine, the combination of two
endless carriers placed relatively to each other in such manner that the adjacent
portions run in the same direction, one of them having book holding clamps and the
other having devices which operate upon the book, both of them having an inter-
mittent or step by step movement, substantially as set forth.
Sixty-fourth. In a book binding or covering machine, the combination of a
feeding device for feeding and applying backing material to the glued book,
comprising a sprocket chain or belt which supports plates or tables having flanges
upon one edge and means whereby said devices are intermittently lifted against the
back of the book, substantially as set forth.
Sixty-fifth. In a book binding or covering machine, the combination of a feeding
device for feeding and applying backing material to the glued book, comprising a
sprocket chain or a belt arranged on an inclined plane, plates or tables, supported
and carried by the sprocket chain or belt, a flange on the lower edge of each of
said plates or tables and means whereby the said devices are intermittently elevated
against the back of the book, substantially as set forth.
Sixty-sixth. In a book binding machine the combination of clamps which hold
the book and carry the same, back surfacing or evening devices and guides or
supports which sustain the book against the action of the surfacing devices below
the claims, substantially as set forth.
Sixty-seventh. In a book binding machine the combination of clamps which hold
the book and carry the same, back surfacing or evening devices and guides or
supports, one of them fixed and the other yielding to admit the book between
them, whereby the book is sustained against the action of the surfacing devices,
substantially as set forth.
Sixty-eighth. In a book binding machine the combination of a roll of paper and
a roll of crash or like materials, an oscillating frame carrying a roller over which
the paper and crash are both led and means whereby the combined material may
be attached to the books so that the said frame will be pulled in one direction by
the movement of the books and in the reverse direction by a spring or its equivalent,
substantially as set forth.
CHARLES WILLIAM LOVELL.
ALFRED BREDENBERG.