AN IMPROVE. MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES ADAPTED FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, TWISTING, ROVING, OR PREPARING COTION, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MAURICE
DE JONGI, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS II is most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
Ilis Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of December, in the eighth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, Ilis heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Maurice: De Jongh, special licence, full power, and sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Maurice De Jongh, my exors, adiňors, and assigns,
and every of them, or such others as I, the said Maurice De Jongh, my
exors, admiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of fourteen years, to be
computed from the date of the now reciting Letters Patent, should and law-
fully might use. exercise, and vend, within that part of the said United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVE.
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES ADAPTED FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, TWISTING,
ROVING, OR PREPARING COTION, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Maurice De
Jongh, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately ensuing the date of the now reciting Letters Patent, to cause a par-
ticular and exact description of my said Invention, and the manner of making

page_text: and using the same, in default whereof the said Letters Patent, and all liberties
and privileges thereby granted, were to cease, determine, and become void.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Maurice De Jongh, do hereby declare that my said Invention of improve-
ments consists in certain mechanical applications to spinning and preparation
machines for cotton or other fibrous substances, which said machines are
generally called mules, jennies, stretchers, billies, or other similar machines, in
which the carriage travels or moves to and from the roller beam, by which my
said mechanical applications several operations usually performed by manual
labour are effected, and which I shall herein-after clearly describe with reference
to the annexed Drawings. To effect this, and to make this my Specification
clear, it will be necessary to describe at the same time several parts and opera-
tions of the said machine or machines which I do not claim as of my present
Invention, but I shall also herein-after distinctly state what parts I do claim as
of my sole Invention.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, represents a side elevation of the mule head seen from the
opposite side to that on which the carriage and roller beam are placed.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, represents a plan of the mule head, with part of the roller
beam and carriage, shewing the position of the mule head as connected with
the roller beam.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, represents a side elevation of the mule head, seen in the
direction of that side to which the roller beam is attached. A section of the
roller beam and carriage are shewn in faint outlines.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, represents an end elevation of the mule head, scen as
fronting the rollar beam.
Fig. 5, Sheet 2, represents an end elevation of the mule head, as seen from
the back of the roller beam.
The other Figures on Sheet 3 will be hereafter mentioned in their proper
respective places. The same description of letters, numbers, and marks of
reference, in the different Figures, denote the same parts. My said Inven-
tions which I am about to describe, in conjunction with other mechanical
motions or contrivances (which, as before stated, I shall also describe), con-
stitute such before-mentioned spinning and preparation machines to be self-
acting, that is, obviating the neces-ity of hand labour for the following five
operations, namely,-1st, backing off; 2d, guiding the faller wire; 3d,
putting up the carriage; 4th, winding on; and 5th, thereby making the
cop. The technical phrases for these five operations, as here expressed, are
well understood by spinners; and it is therefore unnecessary to explain them.
in order to back off by machinery, I put on the rim shaft A a pulley B, which

page_text: is to revolve loose round the shaft. On the centre or boss of that pulley ;I
fix a bevil wheel C, as best seen Fig. 2, Sheet: 1, working in another. bevil
wheel D, fixed on the end of a shaft E, which is at that end borne as:at F.
The other end of that, shaft is borne as at G, and has, a bevil wheel E. fixed at
the last-mentioned end. The said bearing. G forms part of a lever I, whereof
the fulcrum is at J, by being there, fastened on an upright shaft K; see Fig. 1,
Sheet 1, which moves in the bearing L at the upper end, and in the
bearing M at the lower end. At the bottom of the said shaft K is fixed the
branch N, which forms a step O for another upright shaft P to move in. The
upper bearing of that shaft P is at Q, best seen Fig. 1, Sheet 1. At the
upper end of it is fixed a bevil wheel, R, and at its lower end another bevil
wheel S. I further apply (as seen best in the Drawings, Fig. 1, Sheet 1) a
shaft T. This shaft is borne in a particular way, as I shall hereafter describe;
and on it is a bevil wheel V, and more objects, which I shall also hereafter
describe. The last-mentioned wheel V is occasionally driven by II, and then
drives the wheel R, as will be seen presently, parallel to the shaft T. And
under it is the shaft U, see Fig. 4, Sheet 2, on which is also fixed a bevil
wheel W, and the drum-band pulley X. Now, from this arrangement of shafts
and wheels it will easily be seen that when the spinning ceases in the usual way
and the driving strap a passes from the driving pulley over the loose pulley c;
also in the usual way, it will come on the pulley B, and set that pulley in
motion. Now, if the tail end d of the lever I (see Fig. 2, Sheet 1) be moved
in the direction of the arrow, and the bevil wheels II, V, and S, W, be thereby
brought in gear, then the drum-band pulley shaft U, and with it the drum-
band pulley X; will be moved in the contrary way of spinning, and cause the
backing off. To make the tail end d of the lever I so move at the time when
the strap à traverses over the pullies as aforesaid, I attach to that tail end a
strap e (see Figure 1, Sheet 1), which strap goes over a small pulley or roller f,
and is fastened to the weighted end of the lever g, which moves on pin h;
another strap i, also fastened to the lever g, is brought over pulley k to the
pulley 7, which has a few ratchett teeth, to which it is fastened; a click or pall
forming at the same time a lever m, and moving on a pin n, holds that pulley 1,
when wound up. At the end of the said pall lever m, is loosely jointed an upright
rod or plate p, which, when pulled upwards, will depress the pall or click part
of the lever and liberate the ratchet pulley 7. The said upright plate has an
angular projection at its top q, as seen in the Drawings, for the purpose berein-
after mentioned. The said upright plate is made to move freely up and down
through one or more staples, as also seen in the Drawings. There is farther
a catch(see Figure 2, Sheet 1), which moves on a pin S, for the purpose

page_text: which I shall presently have to mention. Now suppose the carriage is coming
out whilst the yarns or rovings are being spun, then the before-described
apparatus for backing off will be out of operation; the lever I will be in such
position to hold the wheels H, V, and S. W, out of gear, as represented in
Figure 2, Sheet 1, and Figure 4, Sheet 2; and the lever g, being wound up
by the ratchet pulley 1, and held there by the click or pall m, the strap e
will then be slack, and the end of the catch r lies at that time loose upon the
bearing lever I, which is between its fulcrum and the tail end. t represents the
twist wheel and tappet shaft, best seen in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and u
the tappet for lifting the catch O, which causes the strap guider to guide the
driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley in the usual way, and which I
Now, when the said
need not describe, it being so well known to spinners.
tappet u will come under the said catch to traverse the driving strap a,
which always takes place when the spinning ceases; it will also conie under the
bent projection of the upright plate p before mentioned, and thereby actuate
the click lever m, raising it at that end and depressing the pall or click at the
other, and thereby liberate the ratchet pulley ; the weighed end of the
lever g will now fall down, and, by means of the strap e, pull the tail end of
The catch r
the bearing lever I till the wheels H, V, and S, W, be in gear.
now falls down with a notch or offsett under it on the bearing lever I, and
It is
thereby holds the wheels in gear, whilst the backing off is in operation.
necessary here to remark, that the said tail end of the lever I is not pulled
into operation at once, but is checked in its progress by a projection w, at right
angles with the strap guide, and made to move vertically as the top part of
the strap guider moves horizontally. Whilst. therefore, the driving strap is
traversing over the pullies, the projection w prevents the tail end (which is
cranked, as seen in the Drawings Figure 2, Sheet 1) from being pulled to its
extremity till that said projection is descended low enough, and that will be at
The reason
the time when the driving strap will have traversed to pulley B.
for this check is to allow a space of time before the wheels II, V, S, W,
are put in gear between the two contrary motions of the wheel W, caused first
by spinning, and then by backing off; and to render that check more effective,
I apply what I call a break to the motion of the rim by fixing a clutch box a
on the rim shaft, and the fellow to it y, to a pulley z, running loose on the
rim shaft, and which said pulley is actuated by a crossed strap 1, passing over
small pulley y on the shaft U; the clutch box y is closed to and opened from
the other clutch a by a fork 2, moving on a pin 8, having at its bottom
end, 4, a strap 3, which goes over a pulley 6, fixed to the inside of the framing,
and the said strap is fastened to a lever 7, moving on a pin 8. To that lever is

page_text: fastened another strap 9, which is united to the before-mentioned strap I, as
is best seen in Fig. 1, Sheet 1, when the ratchet pulley is liberated as before
described, and the weighted end of lever g falls down and pulls the tail end of
the bearing lever as before described. The weighted end of the last described
lever 7 will also fall down, and, by means of the strap 5 and fork 2, close the
two clutch boxes, which will break the velocity of the rim by reason of the
box y moving much slower than the box æ, and with it the rim shaft
and rim, which will thereby be stopt, being actuated by no power but its own
centrifugal force, the strap having quitted the fast driving pulley on the rim
shaft); the break of this centrifugal force is thereby rendered complete just
before the wheels S and W go in gear. To reverse the spinning motion, the
moment the backing off begins to take place the shaft T is moved in a rotatory
direction; the clutch boxes, through the reversed motion and one going faster
than the other, open (to which a slight spring 10 gives some aid). On the
shaft T is a tappet 11, which, when coming against a pin 12 projecting from
the ratchet pulley, winds up the two weighted ends of the levers 9 and 7; and
the said shaft T continues so moving in a rotatory direction till a finger 5,
fixed on the shaft T, comes under and knocks upwards the end of a long lever A
(see Fig. 2, Sheet 1) placed longitudinally in the frame, and moving on a
fulcrum or pin B, and the before-mentioned end of the lever being under the
catch, as seen in the Drawings, the said catch will also be knocked upwards,
and thereby liberates the bearing lever I. A small connterweight X, in con-
junction with the force of the moving bevil wheels then in operation, causes the
said wheels H, V, and S, W, to fly out of gear. Be it kept in mind that at that
moment the tail end of the lever I is at liberty, as the weighted end of the lever
which pulled the wheels in gear is now wound up by the ratchet pulley, and he'd
there by the click m till it will again be liberated, as before described. So soon
as these wheels come out of gear, a weight 18, suspended over pulley 14, will
move the shaft T, which I shall call the finger shaft, back again till stopt by
a pin 17, inserted in the finger shaft, coming in contact with or across a pin
15, which is inserted in a bevil wheel 16. To shew the position of these
pins clearly I bave represented them with part of the shaft T, by a Figure 6,
Sheet 3, on a larger scale than the other Figures, and in which Figure is also
represented for the same purpose the tappet 11, with the pulley, and pin 12.
Figure 7, Sheet 3, on the same enlarged scale, represents the pulley with
part of the click lever m in end view, the said finger, and finger shaft T,
form one of the leading features in the operations of my Invention. I shall
proceed to describe them minutely:-The said shaft is borne at one end in
plate 18, the other end goes through the boss of the bevil wheel 16, in which

page_text: the pin 15 is, and this said boss goes through the fixed plate 19, so that both
the bevil wheel 16 and the finger shaft T can move independently of each other
round one centre common to both. Now, as it is well known to spinners
that at every stretch of the carriage the backing off must decrease, or in other
words be less than at the preceding stretch, the wheel 16 is made to revolve
slowly in the manner as I shall hereafter describe, and with it will of course
also revolve slowly the pin 15, in consequence of which the finger shaft, and
with it the finger, do not come back to the same point after each backing
off, but are stopt a degree sooner each succeeding time the backing off lasts,
therefore less time at each succeeding backing off. At the beginning of making
a cop I cause the finger shaft, by calculation of the wheels, to make three fourths
of a revolution; in other words, to move through two hundred and seventy
degrees of a circle, whilst the spindles are made to back off about seven turns
during the making of a cop; which, supposing it to require one thousand two
hundred stretches of the carriage, the backing off is to lessen till at the end
the spindles shall only back off about three turns; then the pin wheel 16
must be made to move during these one thousand two hundred stretches three-
sevenths of a revolution, or a little above one hundred and fifty-four degrees
of a circle; because if the finger shaft moves through two hundred and seventy
degrees for seven turns of the spindles, it will require to move through about
one hundred and sixteen degrees of a circle for three turns of the spindle. Be
it well borne in mind, that the length of time of backing off, and consequently
the number of turns of the spindles, is measured by the finger ö beginning
and ending that course, which is caused by the working of the bevil wheels
described, and that is from the time they are brought in gear till the finger
knocks off the catch 7, and that at every succeeding backing off the finger
moves through less space, and consequently in less time, its direction of moving
is of course beginning to go downwards, as shown by the arrow, Figure 1,
I have to
Sheet 1, and the pin wheel 16 in the direction of the red arrow.
remark, that the winding up of the levers 9 and 7 should always be through
the same space during the whole course of making the cop, the tappet 11 must
therefore be so set on the finger shaft that it will touch the pin 12 when the
finger shaft makes something under or at least not more than one hundred
and sixteen degrees of a circle, that is, one hundred and sixteen degrees before
it will knock r off, and the dimensions of the pully should be such that one
hundred and sixteen degrees of its periphery should be enough to wind up the
said levers; without this precaution the winding up may be too much at first
or too little at last, as the finger shaft moves through less space after every
stretch. I have also yet to mention that the pulley moves on a stud pin 20

page_text: (see Figure 6, Sheet 3), in a line with and nearly touching the end of shaft T.
I don't let that pulley run on the said shaft T itself, because when the levers
are up the inside of it would cause considerable friction to the said shaft T;
it would consequently require more weight to bring the finger
after it has knocked the catch I off.
back again
Having thus described how I back off and how that backing off is regularly
and progressively diminished, I shall proceed to shew how the faller wire is put
down and guided, the carriage sent in, and the thread wound round the spindle
and forms a cop,-always keeping in mind that I describe as well what I do
not claim as my present Invention as what I do claim, with a view to make
the description of the operations clear (all the movements being so closely con-
nected together). On the end of the finger shaft T, I put a spur wheel 21,
and on the faller shaft 22 I put a section of another wheel 23: when the car-
riage comes out, and of course with it the said section 23, the teeth of 23
and 21 will come in gear; and while the finger shaft moves in a rotatory
direction, dividing the backing off as before described, the faller shaft 22 must
also move and put the faller wire down the number of teeth of 23, and 21
must be in that proportion as to cause the faller shaft to move through sufficient
space to bring the faller wire low enough and at such place where it ought to be
at the beginning of making the cop, while the finger shaft makes three fourths
of a revolution; then, as the finger shaft goes progressively through less space,
as before stated, the faller shaft will do so likewise, and put the faller wire
higher after each successive stretch of the carriage, which is necessary in the
making of a cop. C represents a short iron bar between its two ends D and
E; it is firmly fixed to the faller shaft: when the end E is moved upwards, D
will of course be moved downwards; to the last-mentioned end of C, namely, at
D, is the faller wire attached, and to the end E (which 50 moves upwards while
the finger shaft is in operation) is fastened a little roller or pin F; this little
roller or pin at coming out of the carriage, and nearly at the end of its stretch,
pushes back a crank G, which moves on a pin II. That pin is fastened to a
plate or rail I, which I call the copping plate; the end K of the crank G is
to be sufficiently heavy to keep the other end close to the copping plate when
not pushed back. Now, after the little roller F has pushed bark the crank
G, and holds it there, as shewn in the Drawings, the backing off takes place
as before described, are by means of the wheel 21 and the section 23 the said
roller F is brought above the copping plate and liberates the crank G, the
upper end of which will now fall against the copping plate and come under
the said roller by means of its heavier end K, and support it there, as shown
in the Drawings by dots. Certain apparatus or contrivances, which I shall also
presently describe, will now immediately cause the carriage to travel in

page_text: towards the roller beam, during which time the roller F will pass over the
copping plate in the direction of arrows, till the carriage approaches near to
the roller beam, the copping plate ending there the roller will fall from it in
the direction of the bent arrow. It will easily be seen from the foregoing
that whilst the said roller keeps the end E of the iron C upwards, the end D,
with the faller wire is kept down to the spindles, and guides the spun yarn
threads to such place of the spindles where it is to be wound on, and as the
copping plate lies in a sloping down direction the end E of the iron C will,
during the travelling in of the carriage, gradually descend according to the
slope of the copping plate whilst the end D will during that time rise. If,
therefore, it is desired to wind on the spindle one inch in length, beginning
from the bottom upwards, D and E being at equal distances from the faller
shaft, then the copping plate must be about one inch higher at the end where
the carriage commences going in than at the other end; it is necessary that
at every stretch of the carriage this said copping plate be lowered in
proportion, as one to the whole number of stretches required to make a
cop, in order to wind on the spindles at every stretch the same degree higher,
and so build up a cop. As it will be understood by spinners in mentioning that
the beginning of making a cop the yarn is laid on the spindles, &c., it is of
course to be understood, that when it is required not to wind on on the naked
spindle, but to have them covered or lined with spools, or bobbins, or
otherwise, the operations or methods I describe are the same, I shall presently
describe how I effect this; but previously, I shall now mention how the
carriage is brought in when the backing off ceases and the faller wire is put
down as before described. It will be recollected, or by referring back to
this Specification it will be found, that when the backing off is to cease the
finger strikes against a lever A; the other end of that lever is at L, is
formed in the shape of a catch, which holds a twofold snap-guider M, formed
as seen in the Drawings, and made to act on two driving straps; one 40,
the operation of which I shall hereafter describe, and another N. This last-
mentioned strap turns a loose pulley O on a shaft P, on which is fixed a fast
pulley Q, and on its other end a scroll R, which embraces the scroll band S,
as seen in Fig. 2, Sheet 1: a pulley T on a shaft U is driven from some
convenient other motion by the strap Z (in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, the shaft U is
represented broken off as at +, to show the parts under it). On the said shaft
U is fixed a spur wheel v, driving another spur wheel W on a stud pin a; to
the wheel W is fastened a pulley Y, over which is brought the before-
mentioned strap N. Now when the said strap guide M is liberated by or
through the finger, acting on the lever A as aforesaid, the weight 24
suspended over pulley (see Figure 2, Sheet 1, and Fig. 5, Sheet 2) 25

page_text: will cause the said strap guider to traverse the strap N from the loose pulley
O to the fast pulley Q, and so turn the scroll R, and bring the carriage in,
which at closing in comes in contact with a projected part of the said strap
guider M, as seen in the Drawing, pushes it back, and so brings the strap,
back again upon the loose pulley; the notched end or nose of the catch lever
returns to its former position, and holds the strap guider there whilst the
carriage goes out again, and till it is again liberated in the manner before
mentioned. (Whilst the said scrole is in operation, the bringing out scroll is
of course out of operation, the same as when the carriage is put up by band in
the usual way). To the aforesaid strap guider M, I fix another catch 26,
which at every time it moves takes a tooth of a ratched wheel 27, fixed on
a shaft 28 (see Fig. 2, Sheet 1), on which is a worm 29, working in a worm
wheel 30, which worm wheel is best seen Fig. 1, Sheet 1; this worm wheel is
fixed on a long shaft 31, and on the said shaft are fixed two bevil wheels 32 and
33, working in two other bevil wheels 34 and 35, at the ends of two pins 36
and 37, as seen Fig. 2, Sheet 1. At the other ends of these pins are fixed
two excentrics or snails 38 and 39, see Fig. 3, Sheet 2, and which support the
copping plate I. Now it will readily be seen that by means of the mechanism
just described the strap guider M taking a tooth of the ratchet wheel 27 at
every stretch, the copping plate will thereby be depressed a certain degree
in proportion to the calculation of the wheels applied, and at the same rate
will the faller wire guide the thread on the spindle higher than at the
preceding stretch. Supposing that twelve hundred stretches are required for
the building of a cop in which the difference between the lowest point on the
spindle where the faller wire has to guide, and the highest, be four inches, then
this would be effected by applying a 40 ratchet wheel and a 40 worm wheel, the
bevil wheels being mitres, and the excentrics under the copping plate making
three fourths of a revolution, with a difference in their radii of four inches
in those three fourths. For any greater or less number of stretches as also
for longer or shorter cops other proportionate wheels and excentrics must be
applied. In order to make my description clear, I stated the radii of the
excentrics, as if the copping plate had to descend at both ends alike; but in
order to swell the cop at the beginning, or form what is called a cop bottom,"
it is necessary that the copping plate should descend quicker during about one
third of all the stretches at the further end than at the beginning or near end,
so must therefore one third of the three fourths of the excentrics under that
beginning or near end decrease its radii in smaller degrees than in the
excentrics under the further end of the copping plate; and this difference must
be according as the cop bottom is required more or less to swell out. Figure

page_text: 8, Sheet 3, represents the eccentric of the further end, and Figure 9; Sheet
3, the nearer end, with the difference between their periphery marked in red
colour on the enlarged scale.
I have now to describe in which way I wind on the spindles the spun yarn
or thread, whilst the carriage goes in so as to make the cop. When the strap
guider M is moved, and brings the strap N on a fast pulley Q, to bring the
carriage in, as before described, it also causes the before-mentioned strap 40 to
traverse from a loose pulley 41 to another pulley 42, see Figure 5, Sheet 2.
which represents a back end view. Both these pulleys are on the drum-band
pulley shaft 44, as seen in the Drawings. The pulley 41 runs quite loose
round the said shaft, and the pulley 42 is partially or partly fastened to the
shaft in the following manner:-A rim 43 forms part of the said pulley; a
counterpart thereof 45, and of exactly the same diameter, is firmly keyed or fixed
on the shaft 44; a pair of clips, shown in Figure 10, Sheet 3, on the enlarged
scale and in red colour, united by screws, attaches the pulley 42 to the said
shaft, namely, when the two clips are tightly screwed, together; but if these
clips were not applied the pulley 42 would run loose round the shaft, the same
as pulley 41. (Observe in the said Figure 10 it is represented as if a part of the
clip were broke out in order to shew the two pulleys 41 and 42 under the clip).
If the clips are but slightly screwed up, then by the laws of friction the pulley 42
would partly turn the shaft 44 and partly slip over or round it; hence it will
easily be seen that in proportion as the clips are more or less tightened. by the
screws so will the pulley 42 more or less turn the shaft 44, which turns, the
spindles, as is well known to, spinners. Now when the strap 40 is so traversed
and made to actuate the pulley 42 at the time the carriage is about going in,
the spindles will be made to wind on the spun yarn, provided the clips be not
screwed too tight, for if too tight the drum-band pulley shaft 44, and through
it the spindles, would make too many revolutions, and break all the threads,
and if not sufficiently screwed the spindles may not receive. sufficient turns to
wind on these friction clips may therefore be so tightened as to have sufficient
power to give the spindles turns enough to wind on so long as the thread is not
too tight to offer resistance; but when they do the friction clips will allow the
pulley to revolve without causing the shaft 44 to keep pace in speed with it.
As such friction clips have been applied for other purposes, and are no new
contrivance nor claimed by me as of my Invention, the manner in which I
apply them for assisting the winding on, as thus described, will no doubt be
sufficiently understood; but as this friction alone does not act with sufficient
equality and precision, I make use of the following apparatus, best seen in
Figures 11. and 12, Sheet 3, namely:-I apply to the side of the carriage a

page_text: cone which is fixed on a shaft 46, on the top of which is a pulley 47, which
embraces the drum band was; the: shaft 46 (and with it the cone) revolves
at the top part in a bearing 48, which is at one end of a lever 49.; the fulcrum
of that lever is as at 50, and is there fixed on the top part of a cranked framing
any
(and which I call the swivel frame) in the shape as seen in the said Figure
11. The part 50 moves freely through a plate 51. firmly bolted to and pro-
jecting from the side of the carriage, or it may form a part of the carriage
side, and through another similar projection. 52, an:1. perpendicular under 51,
goes the bottom pin 53 of the swivel, also at liberty to move in the said last
projected plate. A step 54 forms a part of the said framing, and is also seen
in Figure 12, Sheet 3, where it is put in red, as if seen through the cone
downwards; that step is perpendicular under the bearing 48, and in it moves
the bottom part of the cone shaft. By this arrangement, the cone is swivel'd
to and from the carriage side by means of the lever 49. The projection with
the step 54 is in the said Figure 11 represented in a perspective view, as is
also the lever 49, as those parts could not well be observed in that Figure
in
If the
other delineation, being at right angles with the swivel frame.
end 55 is pushed from the carriage side the cone will also move from it, and
so vice versa; the whole of this apparatus being attached to the carriage, moves
in and out with it. To the carriage side is a catch 56 moving on a pin 57, which
holds the cone at a distance from the carriage side, but when removed the
drum band will pull the cone towards the carriage side. I further place a
strong bar 58 between the cone and the carriage side in the direction as seen
in the Drawings. This bar reaches the full length of the stretch, and is
suspended at one end by a strap 59, which goes over a pulley 60, and is
fastened to a pulley 61, which moves on a pin 62. On this pulley is a wheel
of sixty teeth, marked on the Drawings 63, worked by a pinion of twenty. teeth,
marked 64 (these wheels may vary in calculation). The last-mentioned pinion
is fixed to a ratchet wheel 65 of ten teeth moving on a pin 66: The other
end of the bar is suspended by another strap 67 to the long shaft. 31 before
mentioned; then by moving the ratchet wheel 65 the bar will at one end be
lowered or depressed, and by the moving of the shaft 31 it will be raised at
its other end; the said bar is guided up and down by two slots 68 and 69,
see Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 2, which slots are exactly parrallel with the surfaco
of the cone; so that supposing the bar to be low down at the front end, the
carriage, and with it the cone, being held by the catch 56 at one sixteenth of
an: inch from the bar, which then will be towards the bottom of the cone, and.
suppose the other end of the bar to be up and the carriage to move in the
distance of the cone from the bar is to continue one sixteenth of an inch all

page_text: the way, although towards the closing in of the carriage the bar will be
opposite the top part of the cone, as seen in the Drawings.
I shall now proceed to describe the particular uses of this bar and cone in
the winding on, and which I conceive to be very essential. It will readily be
conceived, that if at the moment when the carriage is beginning to go in, the
catch 56 is taken off the lever 49, the drum band (which is always tight) will
pull the cone towards the carriage side as before said, but being prevented by
the bar 58, against which the cone will press, and whilst the carriage goes in
the cone will revolve against the bar, and if on such circumference as not to
allow the spindles to make more revolutions than is necessary to wind on the
spun yarn, the threads will be prevented from breaking, if even the friction
clips before mentioned should otherwise cause them to break; and if on the
other hand the friction should not be enough to wind on, the revolving of the
cone will assist the winding on. Now at the commencement of making a cop,
the bar should be placed in a horizontal position or thereabouts, to allow the
spindles to revolve equally in speed from beginning to the end of the stretch;
but as at each succeeding going in of the carriage the yarn is guided a degree
higher on the spindle, which is well understood by spinners, and which, in my
machine, is done by the lowering of the copping plate, and these degrees being
little enough, will cause the wound-on yarn to swell most where the winding
ou commences, and to come to a point where the winding on ceases: the
spindles must, at each succeeding going in, begin to wind on slower than at
the preceding going in, to increase in speed as the carriage goes in, till at the
end the velocity of them be about the same as at the preceding closing in.
To this effect must the bar 58 be brought at the beginning of each succeeding
going in of the carriage, on a somewhat larger circumference of the cone at
that end when the going in commences: or if this is done at each time when
the threads get to be too tight on account of the increase of circumference of
the swelled part of the cop it will be sufficient. The manner in which I bring
this about, as also how the catch 56 is taken off the lever, and the cone
swiveled away again from the bar and held by the said catch, I shall hereafter
describe.
Now to make a cop, I repeat, it is necessary that the winding on should
commence a degree higher on the spin:lle at each succeeding going in
without which the wound-on yarn would require the shape of a frustrum or
blunted cone, but by so winding on progressively higher it assumes the shape
of two cones united at their bases, technically called "the cop bottom :" this
cop bottom is made on the self-acting spinning machine, which I now describe,
by lowering the copping plate more at the further end than the nearer end,

page_text: by means of the inequalities of the excentrics as before mentioned; and during
the so swelling of the cop bottom, the bar keeps being depressed at one
end; but when the cop bottom is formed, which will be about the time when
the copping plate gets to be supported by the two equal peripheries of the
excentrics, the cop will be built straight up without swelling out any more.
This is the consequence of the copping plate now going down at both ends
alike; the faller wire is therefore brought a greater degree higher at each
succeeding going in than before, which prevents the swelling out, and the bar
remains then stationary at its lower end the other end being suspended to the
shaft 31 will be gradually wound up a little by that shaft, making three
fourths of a revolution during the making of a cop, which raising of the bar
at that end is required to make a pointed nose, as is well understood by
spinners; because the spindle being taper, the point of the cop gets sharper as
it increases in length, and, consequently, requires more turns at its point at
every going in. To make the cone strongly adhere to the bar, I cover each
with leather, and put upon them respectively some glutinous matter: I use
for the purpose, rosin and black lead, dissolved in tallow and oil, boiled to a
proper degree of consistency, which every competent workman can determine
for himself. I shall now show how the catch 56 is taken off and brought on
again, and the bar lowered. It will be seen in the Drawings that the said
catch 56 has a projection 70, which, when the carriage comes out, gets to be
just over a hook 71, best seen Figure 1, Sheet 1, which is fastened to the
long catch lever A. It will be recollected, that when the backing off is about
to cease, the end of that lever is raised by the finger, which then will, of
course, take the said catch off; and when the carriage is about closing in, the
swiveling frame comes against a pin 72 placed on the floor, which swivels the
cone away from the bar, and with it the end 55 of the lever 49, which said
end will thereby be brought under the catch, and held there. For making
the bar 58 descend when necessary, 1 place in the carriage a lever 73,
moving on a pin.74, whereof one end 75 is suspended by a chain 76 to the
under faller 77. It is well known to spinners, that when the ends or threads
go tight in the going up of the carriage they will press down the under faller:
by referring to the Drawings it will be seen that when the under faller
wire is so pressed down the said end 75 of the lever 78 will also go down,
and cause the other end 78 to rise. Now this said lever and the ratchet
wheel 65 should be so placed, that when the threads go too tight during the
carriage going in, and the end 78 of the lever 73 is thereby raised as aforesaid,
that end then comes in contact with a tooth of the said ratchet wheel, which will
cause the bar to lower, and bring the cone to operate against that part of the bar
which has been depressed on a large circumference at the next going in of the

page_text: carriage, and consequently wind up less tightly. But I do not claim this mode
of lowering the bar as of my right, and it may also be lowered by other con-
trivances each time the carriage goes in during the making of the cop bottom,
finding by experience what progression in the lowering of it is required; the
exact situation of the copping plate, the shape of its surface, which should
towards its end be rather of an elliptical form, the number of teeth in the
different wheels, the diameters of the cone and pulleys, and position of the bar,
will depend upon the kind of yarn to be spun or roved, the shape of the cop
required, and the nature of the material used; as the copping plate is placed,
shaped, and moved, so will the faller wire act, and as the bar is placed and
brought in contact with the different diameters of the cone, so will the winding
on be tighter or slacker. All the parts of the machine which I have described
are such as I use for spinning 40 twist in cops of the ordinary shape, and
are shewn by the Drawings hereto annexed and ascertained by the scale there
put down. For the making of rovings on a billy or stretcher by the self-
acting machine to which my improvements are or may be applied, I fix the
copping plate in such a manner as causes the faller wire to move during the
going in of the carriage, and at each going in the full length which the roving
or roving cop is intended to be, and moving slower at the beginning of going
in than towards the end of it, by which means the roving is wound on the spindles
or spools, or bobbins thereon closer together towards the bottom than at the top;
this also causes the wound-on roving to form a swelled part towards the bottom,
and somewhat like a pointed shape towards the top: and in this case of forming
the roving cop the winding on will be first on the naked spindle, or on a
spool or bobbin placed thereon; and afterwards, as the layers increase, as also
the said swell, the thread will have to be guided more and more, first
on a comparatively thin part, then on a thick part, and then on રી.
thin part again towards the point. In the same proportion must the bar 58
therefore come first in contact with a comparatively small circumference
of the cone, then on a large circumference, then on a small one again,
varying as the carriage and cone move in. The bar must therefore be
gradually lowered in that part which is to correspond with the part of
the cop where the swell increases in the course of making the roving;
I therefore cause the bar intended for such purpose to be two pieces, and
united together by a hinge pin or otherwise, so as to be capable of being
gradually lowered. Figure 13, Sheet 3, shews in black the figure which the
bar represents when the roving is beginning to be made, and in red when the
roving is about being finished. The cone in black colour in the Drawing is
placed as where the carriage commences going in. The red is where the car-
riage is when the faller wire guides the thread or roving to that part of the

page_text: cop where the greatest swell is, and the yellow cone where the carriage closes
in. In like manner may a cone or other cylindrical object or objects of
various diameters in conjunction with the bar be made to regulate the winding
on of any thread or roving in any spiuning or preparation machine of the
nature described, according as the different diameters of the cop clue or any
other shaped mass of the spun yarn or roving may require. I bave also to
remark that the said cone or cylindrical object and bar may be made of wood
or metal or other suitable material. I have yet to state that I found it good
to wind on a great deal just at the time when the faller wire at closing in quits
the spindles, to prevent the yarn from snarling. I have therefore contrived
not to traverse the strap 40 away from the pulley 42 till the carriage has com-
menced going out again, which I do in the following way:-The plate 79 (see
Figure 5, Sheet 2), which forms part of the strap guider M, traverses in a
slot 80, of the plate 81, to which is fixed the strap fork 82, which strap fork
being on the other side of pulley 42, will be seen in Figure 2, Sheet 1.
Through an oblong hole 83 of the same plate acts a pin 84, fixed on an
angular or cranked lever 85, which moves on a stud pin 86; one end, 87, of
that lever is held down by a projection from the carriage 150, just while the
carriage moves out, and then by a weight 88, which acts over a pulley 89,
the plate 81, with the fork and strap, move as much as the slot 80 will allow,
and brings the strap 40 on the loose pulley 41. I have also yet to mention
that as it is good to take the faller wire off at the time of the carriage closing
in sooner at the beginning of making the cop than at the ending of it, I put
to the end of the copping plate an elongated piece 90, as seen in the Drawing
Figure 3, Sheet 2, which slides in slots on pins under the copping plates, and
has a little roller 91 projecting on its edge, which, whilst the copping plate
moves down, also moves in the slot or link 92, and which may be placed more
or less in a sloping direction, and consequently elongate the copping plate
accordingly; whilst it moves down, a catch 93 holds the carriage fast when out,
and is taken off by a lever on the faller shaft, or the catch lever A, or by any
other motion, just before the carriage moves in; but the banding of the drums
may be so put on as will incline the carriage to recede whilst backing off, and
then this catch may altogether be dispensed with.
I shall now briefly recapitulate all the motions before described in their
respective orders of time as they occur, supposing the carriage to be coming
out in the usual way. Whilst the yarn is spinning or roving, when nearly
out, the little roller F pushes back the crank G, and when the spinning ceases,
as in the ordinary way, the tappet U causes the driving strap to traverse:
that tappet now comes under the bent projection of the upright plate q,
actuates the click lever n, which at the same time liberates the pulley 1,

page_text: down falls the lever 7, and the heavy end of lever g. The former
causes the clutch boxes to close, and to stop the motion of the rim,
whilst the latter pulls the tail end of the bearing lever I, which is,
however, for a short time stopt in its progress during the time the pro-
jection w is passing down it. Then, and when the driving strap is got
on pulley B, the wheels H, V, and S, W, are forced in gear and kept firmly
there by the catch 2. Now proceeds the backing off, the clutch boxes
open as the rim reverses its motion, the weight ends of the lever g and
7 are now winded up and prevented from descending by the click lever m; at
the same time the spur wheel 21 puts the faller wire down, and the finger ð,
moves in a circular direction till it lifts the end of the catch lever A, when at
one and the same time the catch r is lifted, the wheels II, V, and S, W, fly
out of gear, the backing off ceases, the hook 71 lifts the projected part 70 of
the catch 56, and the cone flys to the bar; the catch end L of the lever A
liberates the strap guider M, the strap N comes on pulley Q, and the strap
40 on pulley 42. Now in goes the carriage, 21 and 23 go out of gear, the
weight 13 brings the finger back again in a rotatory direction till stopt by
the pin 15, the roller F passing over the copping plate, and thereby guiding
the faller wire; the cone revolves against the bar and prevents the threads
being broke by the friction pulley 42. The carriage now closes in, the roller F
descends from the copping plate and takes the faller wire off the carriage,
pushes against the projected part of the strap guider m, back on the loose
pulley O, and at the same time takes a tooth of the ratchet wheel 27, and
thereby actuates the copping plate and the pin wheel 16; the catch part L
receives and holds the strap guider M. All is now put in the ordinary motion
again for the carriage coming out and spinning as before in the usual way, and
by the various methods known to spinners and others conversant with such
machines, and to which said contrivances for coming out and spinning none
of my improvements or inventions apply. When the carriage commences going
out again the strap 40 traverses back to the loose pulley 41. In the
Drawings are seen some parts of the machine of which I have made no
mention at all; these are the tumbler shafts marked 100, with its wheels and
apparatus, the greyhound-tail catch 101, for knocking the scroll frame 104
out of gear, the catch 102, for knocking the rollers out of gear, the setting-
up levers 108, with its apparatus, the framing, and other well-known parts; the
reason I have not mentioned them is because they are in no way connected
with my improvements, nor do they much differ from the well-known ordinary
mule, yet they are represented in the Drawings to shew the machine in a more
complete state than if they had been left out.
Having described the machine or machines to which my improvements are

page_text: or may be applied, as also the said improvements, I do distinctly declare that I do
not claim as of my Invention any part or parts of the said machine or machines,
to constitute my said improvements, save and except as follows, namely :-
I claim as of my sole Invention that system of mechanism which I have
herein-before described, by means of which the backing off and the progres-
sively diminishing of the backing off is effected, be that system applied
precisely in the manner which I have described or in any other manner. And
I also claim, as of my sole Invention, my improvement for the regulating of
the winding on, the application of a cone or other round objects of various cir-
cumferences, by being brought in contact with a bar and made to revolve against
it whilst the carriage moves in, and causing the said bar or different parts
of it to be at each time of the moving in of the carriage in contact with such
different circumferences of the cone or other round objects as shall give the
said cone or other round objects such speed and such varieties of speed as
may be found necessary for the required winding on, whether the contact of
the cone or any other round objects and the bar be effected in the manner
as I have described, or by springs, weights, holes and pins, flutes or ribs, or
in any other way, and whether the cone or other round object and the bar
be placed where I have placed them, relative to the mule carriage and head,
or in any other way, so that the action of the cone or other round object and
the bar, in joint operation, influences the winding on of the yarn or roving in
the manner as I have described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maurice De Jongh, hath hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of
Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight