CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FURNACE OR FURNACES FOR GENERATING HEAT, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR THE APPLICATION OF HEAT TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES, BEING FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS UPON A PATENT OBTAINED BY ME, THE SAID JOEL BENEDICT NOTT, DATED THE FOURTH DAY OF NOVEMBER, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THIRTY
Year: 1831

page_text: BENEDICT NOTT, of Liverpool, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-second day of December, in the second year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joel Benedict Nott, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Joel Benedict Nott, my exors, adñors, and assigns,
and every of them, by himself and themselves, or by his and their deputy or
deputies, servants, or such others as I, the said Joel Benedict Nott, my exors,.
adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, and also in all His said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FURNACE OR FURNACES FOR GENERATING HEAT, AND
IN THE APPARATUS FOR THE APPLICATION OF HEAT TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES,
BEING FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS UPON A PATENT OBTAINED BY ME, THE SAID JOEL
BENEDICT NOTT, DATED THE FOURTH DAY OF NOVEMBER, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED
AND THIRTY," communicated to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad; in
which said last-mentioned Letters Patent there is contained a proviso for
making void the same, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby

page_text: given and granted, if I, the said Joel Benedict Nott, should not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said last-mentioned Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joel Benedict Nott, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are ascertained and
described in manner following, that is to say:-
The first improvement consists in allowing a free passage of air between
an outer and an inner lining of a furnace, thus forming a flue, which I call
an air flue. This air flue opens below into the ash pit, and above into
the interior of the furnace or chamber in which heat is generated, which
I call the chamber of combustion," at any convenient height above the
grate or other support of the fuel. The use of this air flue is to prevent
the accumulation of clinkers on the inner surface of the inner lining of
the furnace. It need not to be carried higher than its upper point of commu-
nication with the chamber of combustion, which upper communication should
be made through a barred grate or perforated plate, in order to prevent the
fuel (in case there should be any at that height) from falling into the air flue;
and in those furnaces in which the fuel is admitted from the top of the chamber
of combustion, this may be farther prevented by carrying at or near the top or
upper covering of the air flue a shelf or shoulder projecting into the chamber
of combustion. The upper part of the lining which forms the outer side of this
air flue may be glazed with plates of mica or other suitable transparent
substance from the height of the grate or other support of the fuel, for the
purpose of conveniently examining the interior of the furnace.
A further improvement is the construction and use of a cast iron or other
suitable vibratory or rotatory metallic support for the fuel, differing from the
vibratory or rotatory grate specified and described in the Specification or
instrument under my hand and seal, inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery pursuant to a proviso for that purpose contained in His said
Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date the said Fourth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and thirty, only inasmuch as it is made in one single
and solid piece, and contains no interstices either in the form of a grating or
any other whatsoever, it being supported and made to vibrate or revolve on a
central hub and axis in the same manner as the said vibratory or rotatory grate,

page_text: as in the said last-mentioned Specification or instrument is more particularly
described and explained, the ashes and the other residue of the fuel falling by
the sides of such solid support when it is so caused to vibrate or revolve in its
place. This support may be made in the form of the segment of a cylinder,
which I consider the best, or in that of a polygon or a plane, which last form,
however, I consider the worst except for facility of construction. A further
improvement is in the chamber of combustion, as described in the said last-
mentioned Specification or instrument, and consists in constructing an opening,
governed by a valve, between the chamber of combustion and the smoke flue
therein described, at or near the top of the said chamber of combustion, by
opening which said valve the fire is more easily kindled, and the direction of the
draught may be partially altered at pleasure. A further improvement is in the
chamber of treatment, as described in the said last-mentioned Specification or
instrument, for the purpose of heating fluids or generating steam or vapour, and
consists in prolonging the tubes or prisms therein described above the lower
surface of the chamber therein described, and termed the upper chamber, so as
to bring the upper ends of them nearly on a level with or above the level of
the water line or surface of the flues in the said upper chamber, the object of
this arrangement being that any crystallization or deposition of salts which may
take place in the said upper chamber may not choke or obstruct the said
prisms or tubes. In order to return the fluid from the said upper chamber I
generally use what I term a return cylinder, being a pipe communicating with
the under chamber described in the said last-mentioned Specification or instru
ment, and with the said upper chamber below the level of the said water line.
A further improvement is in the said chamber of treatment, as used for the
purpose of evaporation or crystallization of salts. I use one or more open vats
or pans, in which the fluid to be evaporated is contained, communicating
laterally by separate pipes both with the said upper and under chambers, by
which arrangement the crystallization chiefly takes place in these vats, and not
in the upper or under chamber, and thereby proceeds with greater rapidity.
This is the method which I use when combining these vats with the chamber of
treatment, as described in the said last-mentioned Specification or instrument,
or with the improved form of it herein described for the purpose-of crystalliza-
tion, but the combination of such open vats may be advantageously used for
such purposes with any boiler composed wholly or in part of upright tubes.
I shall now enumerate the parts and contrivances, and combinations of parts of
said contrivances herein-before described or referred to, which alone I now claim
as new, and of which alone I appropriate the sole use and employment by
virtue of and according to the said first-mentioned Letters Patent, protesting

page_text: that I do not claim as new, or attempt to appropriate by virtue of the same,
any parts, contrivances, or combination of parts and contrivances, other than
are herein-after particularly specified, and claim (that is to say) the use of the
said air flue or internal communication, in a close furnace, between the air
below the fire and the chamber of combustion above the support of the fuel
without passing through the fire; the use of the said vibratory or rotatory
support of the fuel; the use of the said valve between the smoke flue and the
chamber of combustion; the use of the tubes or prisms containing fluid to
be heated communicating as aforesaid with an upper chamber projecting
upwards as aforesaid above the bottom of the said upper chamber, and the
said combination of open vats or pans separated from the heating current with
a close tubular boiler for purposes of crystallization. And whereas in the
foregoing description I have occasionally specified the materials which I prefer
for constructing part or parts of the said Inventions, and which I hereby again
declare to be the most suitable for their respective purposes with which I am
as yet acquainted, yet I declare that the same, and also the other parts of the
said Invention, may in each case be constructed of any materials now generally
used and known to be suitable for the purposes to which such parts are to be
applied respectively, as herein-before mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joel Benedict Nott, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our