CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING AND CONSTRUCTING OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1820

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HAGUE, of Great Pearl Street, Spital Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Third day of June last, for Himself, His heirs and successors,
did give and grant unto me, the said John Hague, my exors, adiiors, and
assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said John Hague, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and every of them, by
myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or
agents, or such others as I, the said John Hague, my exors, adiñors, or
assigus, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING AND CONSTRUCTING OF STEAM ENGINES," within
England, Wales, the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad; in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said John Hague, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereto
had, will more fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Hague, do hereby declare that the nature of my said improvements in
the making and constructing of steam engines, and the manner in which the
same are to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained in the
following description thereof, and by the Drawings in the margin hereof, that
is to say:
Figure A is a front section of a condensing engine. No. 1 is a box or
chamber, made of cast iron or any other proper material, and put together in
parts so as to admit of the introduction of the cog wheel No. 8, as herein-after
described. This box or chamber is connected and fixed steam-tight on each
side to a pipe or pipes, Nos. 2 and 3, made of cast iron or any other proper
material. To the pipe No. 3 I fix a bored cylinder, No. 4, bell-mouthed at
each end, for the ingress and egress of the pistons. The pipe or pipes No. 8,
and the bored cylinder No. 4, are fixed to a box or chamber No. 6, which box
or chamber is made of cast iron or any other proper material, and has a
Within the box or chamber
cover No. 7, on the top, fixed steam-tight.
No. 1 is a cog wheel No. 8, which is made of iron or any other proper
material, and turns upon an axis No. 9. Within the box or chamber No. 6
is another cog wheel No. 10, which is also made of iron or any other proper
material, and turns upon an axis No. 11, and which axis passes through
the side or sides of the said box or chamber, and is connected to the fly
wheel No. 12, and the machinery which is to be put in motion. In each
of the said cog wheels Nos. 8 and 10 are two cavities to receive the pistons
No. 13, 13, 13, 13, 18, 13, 13, 13, as they revolve. These eight pistons are
made of iron or any other proper material, and are fixed at about equal dis-
tances upon an endless chain No. 14, made of iron or any other proper
material, which said chain has holes or mortices through or in it, at proper dis-
tances, for the purpose of receiving the cogs of the wheels Nos. 8. and 10.
The box or chamber No. 1, and the pipes Nos. 2 and 3 connected thereto, I
fill to a proper height with quicksilver, or some other fluid, for the purpose of
resisting the pressure of the steam. No. 15 is an air pump and a condenser,
made in any of the usual ways for steam engines. No. 16 is the air-pump
rod, which is worked by a, crank motion on the axis No. 11. No. 17 is the
eduction pipe leading from the bottom of the cylinder to the condenser.
No. 18 is the orifice of the said eduction pipe.
Figure B is a side section of Figure A, which shews the boxes or chambers,
the cover, the pipes, the bored cylinder, the cog wheels, the cavities therein, the
axis, the pistons, the chain, the air pump and condenser, the air-pump rod, and the
eduction pipe, as before described. a is the eduction pipe leading from the cylinder

page_text: to the condenser; b, the condenser; c, the air pump fixed in the condenser ;
d, the foot valve; e, the air-pump bucket; f, the air-pump rod, connected to
a crank pin g, fixed in the fly wheel; h, h, the delivery valves; i, the air-pump.
head, in which is fixed a small pump for the supply of the boiler in the usual
or customary way; and to the said air pump is fixed a pipe for the discharge.
of the waste water; k, the injection cock, to which is connected a pipe or;
pipes leading to a well or reservoir, from which a supply of water is drawn for
condensation; 1, 1, circular caps screwed on over the end of the axis No. 9,
Figure A, for the purpose of preventing any leakage of the fluid; m, m, two
circular caps fitted steam-tight to two conical shoulders on the axis No. 11,
Figure A, for the purpose of preventing any escape of steam; n, n, circular
grooves filled with gasket or some other proper packing, for preventing the
escape of steam at the edges of the circular caps; o, a steam pipe leading
from the boiler; p, the throttle valve, made, fixed, and regulated by a governor,
in any of the usual or customary ways; 7, the steam boiler, made, fixed, and
fitted up in any of the usual ways for steam engines.
When I apply these improvements to a high-pressure engine, I suffer the
steam to pass into the atmosphere, instead of conducting it to a condenser;
and I make the pipes which are attached and connected to the box No. 1,
Figure A, of such length as to hold a column of the fluid substance at a height
sufficient to resist the pressure of the steam to be worked. A high-pressure
engine upon this principle may also be worked without the upper cog wheel
being enclosed in the box by letting the steam on at the bottom of the
cylinder, and permitting it to escape at the top. By this application of the
steam the column of resisting fluid is forced up the pipe No. 12, and the
motion of the wheels is reversed.
The operation upon either of the engines above described is as follows:-
When the steam is of sufficient pressure in the boiler to work the engine the
throttle valve is opened, which admits the steam between the piston and the
resisting fluid; the fluid is thereby forced down one pipe and up the other,
until it becomes of a height sufficient to resist the pressure acting against the
piston; and, as one piston enters the cylinder before the succeeding one quits
the cylinder, a regular rotary motion is thereby obtained.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Second day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and twenty.
JOHN HAGUE. (LS.)
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page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1820, the aforesaid John Hague came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Second day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty.