provements in or connected with Spinning, Twisting, and Doubling Frames.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 13th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or connected with Spinning, Twisting, and
Doubling Frames.
I, PHINEHAS PEARSON CRAVEN, of 16 Devonshire Road, Ardwick, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with ring spinning,
twisting and doubling frames, that is to say spinning, twisting and doubling frames
in which the winding of the yarn on to the bobbin, spool or spindle is effected by
the friction of a traveller carried round a ring by the tension or drag of the yarn.
In some of the arrangements that have been proposed, the traveller is composed
of a piece of wire, sheet metal or other suitable material, the upper end of which
is provided with a bearing or other appliance adapted to rotate in a bar or in
bearing plates or other device over or on the upper part of the spindle, and so
adapted that the said traveller is free to rotate round the spindle and to rise and
fall thereon to the extent necessary for the formation of the conical layers of yarn
forming what is called the chase of the cop. Near its lower end the traveller is
provided with an eye or loop through which the yarn is passed on its way from the
drawing rollers to the bobbin, spool or cop, and the said lower end of the traveller
passes into the interior of a ring which is supported in a position concentric with
the spindle. As the lower end of the traveller is carried round, by the tension or
drag of the yarn, in the aforesaid ring, the centrifugal force generated in the
traveller, forces the said lower end thereof outwards against the internal surface of
the ring, and the friction of the said lower end of the traveller against such
surface produces the desired tension or drag on the yarn to effect the winding on
Now I have found that
of the same on to the bobbin, spool or spindle.
as the traveller has heretofore been made, the tension or drag of the thread
cannot exert such an effect on the said lower end of the traveller as will
cause the said traveller to rotate with certainty round the spindle, but that it
is liable, under certain circumstances, to jam and to break the yarn. In order
to obviate this defect I construct and arrange the traveller so that its stem is.
subjected to a torsional or twisting action, which facilitates the rotation of the
traveller round the spindle. This may be accomplished in a variety of ways,
for example I make the part of the traveller which bears against the inner surface
of the ring of comparatively great breadth and preferably curved to correspond
more or less exactly with the curvature of the inner surface of the ring in contact
with which it revolves. This broad part of the traveller may be arranged to
extend more less on each side of the stem of the traveller or wholly on one side or
the other of such stem. The yarn is passed through guide holes in the broadened
or other suitable part of the traveller, slits being preferably formed from the
outside to facilitate the insertion of the yarn into the holes, or instead of holes, an
arm or arms, or a loop or loops, may, in some cases, be formed on the lower end of
the traveller round which the yarn can be wound or passed to secure the required
tension. By this arrangement the broadened part of the traveller, acting against
the internal surface of the ring, causes the stem of the said traveller to be subjected
to a torsional or twisting action which facilitates its rotation round the spindle.
The use of the guide holes in the traveller prevents the yarn from becoming
displaced or from slipping off the traveller when the latter is raised and lowered
during the process of doffing the completed cops and commencing a fresh series.
The internal surface of the ring in which the traveller rotates may be cylindrical,
Conical, or of any other suitable form, and the shape of the part of the traveller

page_text: which comes in contact with such surface may be adapted in relation thereto in any
suitable or convenient manner.
The traveller above described is carried by a bar or by bearing plates or other
suitable devices in such manner that while it is free to rotate round the spindle it
can be raised and lowered to the required extent by the said bar or plate, not only
to form the chase of the cop, but to allow of the completed cop being doffed or
removed from the spindle. I sometimes form the upper part or head of the
traveller of a disc or otherwise shaped piece of sheet metal having a hole in it
through which the spindle passes. This disc or other head of the traveller remains
concentric with the spindle so long as the latter passes through the hole in it but
when the traveller is raised by its bar or bearing plates clear of the spindle for the
purpose of allowing the completed cop to be doffed, the hole in the said head of
the traveller is liable to become eccentric with regard to the spindle, and conse-
quently when the traveller is lowered to commence the spinning of a fresh cop the
spindle does not enter the hole in the head of the traveller until the latter is moved
by hand or otherwise to bring the said hole coincident with the spindle. To
obviate this inconvenience I form round the said hole in the head of the traveller
n short tube or flange projecting either upwards, or downwards, or both, the said
tube or flange taking into a corresponding hole or bearing in the bar or
bearing plate whereby the concentricity of the hole with the spindle is preserved
whether the spindle is actually in the hole in the head of the traveller or not.
When the aforesaid ring is conical and adapted to move that part of the traveller
through which the thread of yarn passes, or round which such thread is wound on
its way from the drawing rollers to the bobbin, spool or spindle, inwards towards
the centre of the spindle or to allow it to move outwards away therefrom, more or
less, in proportion as the diameter that the yarn is being wound on to varies.
I, according to another part of my present invention, so arrange that instead of
the said conical ring being made as heretofore of the same or somewhat greater
height than the chase of the cop which is being formed on the bobbin, spool, or
spindle, it is made of less height but of the same diameters at top and bottom as
would be used if it were made of the same height as, or a slightly greater height than,
the cop chase; and instead of leaving the ring stationary during the time the
traveller rises or falls in it to wind on a layer of yarn, cause the said
comparatively shallow conical ring to rise and fall with the traveller, but at a speed
so proportioned to that of the rise and fall of the traveller that when the latter is
winding on to the largest diameter of the cop it shall hear against the corre-
sponding larger diameter of the 1ing, and when the traveller is winding on to the
bare spindle or on to the smallest diameter of the cop it shall bear against the
corresponding smaller diameter of the ring, and similarly for all intermediate
points of the chase of the cop: that is to say that, the traveller shall always bear
upon that part of the internal surface of the ring which corresponds to the part of
the chase on which the yarn is being wound at any given moment. By making the
ring of smaller height than the chase of the cop, and causing it to move in the
manner described, I facilitate the piecing-up when the thread brakes, because
the chase being longer than the cone a part or parts of the former must always be
outside the latter, namely either standing above it, below it, or partly above and
partly below it; and-this frequently enables me to get holl of the broken end of
thread on the cop chase without removing the cone, but to enable me to get hold
of the said end at any time, I mount the cone on one or more stems or guide rods
which slide-in spring clips attached to the lifting bar by which the cone is raised
and lowered as above described. By these means the cone can be raised up clear
of the chase of the cop so as to expose the whole surface of the latter to inspection
for the finding of the end of the broken thread.
According to another part of my present invention, instead of employing a cone
to move the traveller inwards towards the centre of the spindle, and to allow it to
move outwards therefrom, I sometimes form the traveller so that, it is carried by
and revolves in a bearing in a bar or by bearing plates or other, suitable, devices

page_text: over or surrounding the spindle and is also furnished with a finger which bears or
pivots on the spindle or yarn and steadies the traveller, enabling it to turn with
certainty on its own axis when pulled by the thread of yarn. The traveller passes
through a plain ring, and the centrifugal force urges the free end of the traveller
away from the centre of the spindle so that the stem of the traveller tends to stand
at an angle with the axis of the spindle, but is restrained by the inner circumference of
the aforesaid ring with which it comes in contact under the action of the centrifugal
force. When the traveller is raised, its diverging stem is closed in by the ring so
that the end of the traveller is moved inwards towards the centre of the spindle, and
when the traveller is lowered its stem is allowed by the ring to diverge again or
open out so that its end is moved away from the centre of the spindle. In this
case the ring is not required to rise and fall with the traveller, but only to rise
slowly at the same speed as the traveller in proportion as the cop is formed.
It is obvious that the above described arrangements are also more or less
applicable to cases where the traveller works in the reverse position, that is to say
with its head downwards and its free end and the ring upwards.
In ring spinning machines generally it is usual to employ a thread-guide placed.
between the drawing rollers and the point of the spindle, through which guide the
thread passes on its way from the drawing roller to the traveller. One effect of
this guide is to prevent the twist put into the thread by the rotation of the spindle
from running up to the nip of the rollers which it is desirable it should do for
reasons well known to those versed in the art of spinning. Attempts have been
made to spin without using the above-mentioned thread guide but so far as I am
aware without success and that, as appears to me, because nothing in the nature of
a sufficient substitute for such thread-guide has been devised. Now I have found
that I can dispense with the thread-guide by so placing the spindle in relation to
the nip of the drawing rollers that each time the spindle revolves the thread slips
over its point in much the same way as in the mule, the length of spindle extending
from the nose of the cop in course of formation to the point of the spindle, and the
open coils of yarn laying on that part of the spindle serving as a substitute for the
ordinary thread-guide; and by making the spindle long enough for a turn, more or
less, of thread to be coiled on the upper end of the bare spindle above the top of
the chase when the bobbin or cop is finished, the cop can be completed without
a thread-guide, because this extra length of spindle and the coil of thread round it
prevents the ballooning of the thread that would take place if the cop finished close
to the point of the spindle without a thread-guide. By these means I am enabled
to produce better yarn than with a thread guide.
Dated this 11th day of June 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Spinning, Twisting, and
Doubling Frames.
I, PHINEHAS PEARSON CRAVEN, of 16 Devonshire Street, Ardwick, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying two sheets of drawings and to the letters and figures marked.
thereon, that is to say :-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with ring spinning;
twisting and doubling frames, that is to say spinning, twisting and doubling frames:
in which the winding of the yarn on to the bobbin, spool, or spindle, is effected by
the friction of a traveller carried round a ring by the tension or drag of the yarn..

page_text: In some of the arrangements that have been proposed, the traveller is composed
of a piece of wire, sheet metal, or other material, the upper end of which is
provided with a bearing or other appliance adapted to rotate freely in a bar or in
bearing plates or other device over or on the upper part of the spindle, and so
adapted that the said traveller is free to rotate round the spindle, and to rise and
fall thereon to the extent necessary for the formation of the conical layers of yarn
forming what is called the chase of the cop. Near its lower end the traveller is
provided with an eye or loop through which the yarn is passed on its way from
the drawing rollers to the bobbin, spool or cop, and the said lower end of the
traveller passes into the interior of a ring which is supported in a position concentric
with the spindle. As the lower end of the traveller is carried round by the
tension or drag of the yarn, in the aforesaid ring, the centrifugal force generated
in the traveller forces the said lower end thereof outwards against the internal
surface of the ring, and the friction of the said lower end of the traveller against
such surface produces the desired tension or drag on the yarn to effect the winding
on of the same on to the bobbin, spool or spindle. Now I have found that as the
traveller has heretofore been made, the tension or drag of the yarn cannot exert
such an effect on the said lower end of the traveller as will cause the said traveller
to rotate with certainty round the spindle, but that it is liable, under certain
circumstances, to jam and to break the yarn. In order to obviate this defect
I construct and arrange the traveller so that its stem is subjected to a torsional
or twisting action which facilitates the rotation of the traveller round the spindle.
One method of accomplishing this is illustrated in Figure 1 of the drawings in
which A represents the stem of the traveller and A' the disc or head by which
it is supported. To effect the desired object I make the part A of the traveller,
which bears against the inner surface of the ring, of comparatively great breadth
and preferably curved (as shown in the sectional plan views below each example
in Figure 1) to correspond more or less with the curvature of the inner surface of
the ring in contact with which it revolves. This broad part of the traveller may
be arranged to extend more or less on each side of the stem A of the traveller or
wholly on one side or the other of such stem. The yarn is passed through guide
holes or notches in the traveller or wound round the arms thereof as shown, in
order to secure the required tension. By this arrangement the broadened part A*
of the traveller acting against the internal surface of the ring causes the stem of the
traveller to be subjected to a torsional, twisting, or guiding action which facilitates
the rotation of the whole traveller round the spindle. The guide holes A' in the
traveller shown at the right hand example in Figure 1, and the winding of the
yarn round the arms in the other examples shown in that figure, prevent the yarn
from becoming displaced or from slipping off the traveller when the latter is raised
and lowered during the process of doffing the completed cops and commencing a
fresh set.
Figure 1 shows the above described broadened ends as applied to the stems of
travellers made of sheet metal: Figure 2 shows how the lower ends of traveller
stems made of wire may be constructed with broadened ends for the same purpose.
The internal surface of the ring in which the traveller rotates may be cylindrical
as shown in Figure 8, conical as shown in Figures 3 and 4 or of any other
suitable form, and the shape of the part of the traveller which comes in contact
with such surface may be adapted in relation thereto in any suitable or convenient
manner.
Travellers of the kind above referred to are carried by bearing plates D D' or
other suitable devices carried by a bar C as shown in Figures 3, 4, 7 and 8 in such
manner that while the traveller is perfectly free to rotate round the spindle B,
it can be raised and lowered to the required extent by the said plates acting upon
its head A¹ not only to form the chase of the cop, but to allow of the completed
cop being doffed or removed from the spindle. The upper part or head of the
traveller is sometimes formed of a disc or otherwise shaped piece of sheet metal A',
see Figure 1, having a bole A in it through which the spindle passes. This disc

page_text: or other head of the traveller remains concentric with the spindle so long as the
latter passes through the hole in it, but when the traveller is raised by its bearing
plates D D clear of the spindle for the purpose of allowing the completed cop to
be doffed, the hole in the said head of the traveller is liable to become eccentric
with regard to the spindle, and consequently when the traveller is lowered to
commence the spinning of a fresh cop, the spindle does not enter the hole in the
head of the traveller until the latter is moved by hand or otherwise so as to bring
the said hole coincident with the spindle. To obviate this inconvenience I form
round the said hole A' in the head A' of the traveller a short tube or flange A',
see Figures 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8, projecting either upward, as shown in full lines in
those figures, or downward, as shown in dotted lines in the example to the left in
Figure 1, or both upward and downward. The said tube or flange takes into a
corresponding hole D' in the bearing plate D', or, when it projects downwards,.
into the hole D' in the bearing plate D whereby the concentricity of the hole A'
with the spindle B is preserved whether the latter is actually in the hole in the
head of the traveller or not.
When the ring in which the traveller works is conical and adapted to move that.
part of the traveller which guides the thread of yarn to the bobbin, spool or spindle
inwards towards the centre of the spindle, or to allow it to move outwards away
therefrom, more or less, in proportion as the diameter that the yarn is being wound
on to varies, as for example in the arrangements described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me dated the 17th November 1891 No. 19,969, I, according to.
another part of my present invention, so arrange that instead of the said conical
ring being made of the same, or somewhat greater height than the chase of the cop.
which is being formed on the bobbin, spool or spindle (as shown in Figures 3 and 4
of the aforesaid Specification No. 19,969) it is made of less height as shown in
Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings hereto annexed. The said Figures 3 and 4 are
respectively a front elevation and a transverse sectional elevation of a spinning spindle
with my improved arrangements of ring and traveller applied thereto. The
diameters at the top and bottom of the ring F remain the same as would be used
if the ring were made of the same height, or of a slightly greater height than the
cop chase; and instead of leaving the ring stationary during the time the traveller A
rises or falls in it to wind on a layer of yarn, cause the said comparatively
shallow conical ring or shaper F to rise and fall with the traveller; but at a speed,.
and to a distance so proportioned to the rise and fall of the traveller that when
the latter is winding on to the largest diameter of the cop chase it shall bear
against the corresponding larger diameter of the conical ring F, as shown in full
lines in Figure 4, and when the traveller is winding on to the bare spindle, or on
to the smallest diameter of the cop chase it shall bear against the corresponding
smaller diameter of the conical ring, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 4, and
similarly for all intermediate points of the chase of the cop, that is to say that the
traveller shall always bear upon that part of the internal surface of the ring which.
corresponds to the part of the chase on which the yarn is being wound at any given.
moment.
The requisite rising and falling movements of the conical ring or shaper F may
be effected by the arrangement shown in Figures 5 and 6 which are reproductions.
of so much of Figures 9 and 10 of the aforesaid Specification No. 19,969 with
certain of the parts modified, as is necessary to elucidate the arrangement about to.
be described. Instead of the lower end of the chain K' being connected to a drum.
turning on a stud on the frame L as shown in the said Figure 9 it is connected to a
drum K fixed by the side of the drum I on the shaft l' turning in the building-
motion lever J. The drum K" therefore receives the same step by step motion as
the drum I by means of the worm wheel J', worm J' and ratchet wheel J³, for the
purpose of raising the bar G carrying the conical rings F as the cop increases.
in height. But the up and down motions of the said bar G, so as to follow those
of the traveller bar C are effected in the same way as the up and down motions of
the latter; that is to say, the upward motion of the bar G and conical rings F
1

page_text: carried by it, is effected by the descent of the building motion lever J which draws
down the chain K' turning the drum K, and thereby the drum K2, which, by the
chain K, and rods K, lift the bar G; and the downward motion of the bar G
is effected by its superior weight which assists that of the traveller bar C to draw
up the building-motion lever J when and as the building motion cam allows the
latter to rise. The slower and shorter motion of the conical rings F as compared
with that of the travellers A is caused by the drum K' being proportionally larger
than the drum I which is rotated by the chain 1' and effects the traverse of the
'travellers. In the drawing the drum K is shown twice the diameter of the drum [+
so that the conical rings rise and fall in that case half the distance, and at half the
speed of the travellers.
By making the conical ring of smaller height than the chase of the cop, and
causing it to move in the manner described, the piecing up of the thread, when it
breaks, is facilitated, because the cop chase being longer than the conical ring a
part or parts of the former must always be outside the latter, namely either
standing above it, below it, or partly above and partly below it; and this frequently
enables the broken end of thread on the cop chase to be got hold of without
removing the conical ring; but to enable the end of the thread to be got hold of
at any time the conical ring F may be mounted by its foot F* on one or more
stems or guide rods F which slide in clips F attached to the lifting bar G by
means of a bolt ', see Figures 3, 4 and 4ª the latter of which is a sectional plan
of the said clips taken on line 3--3 of Figure 3. A spring F is placed under the
head of the bolt F which spring presses the parts of the clip F against the
stems F with an elastic pressure that holds the conical ring steady while enabling
it to be raised up clear of the chase of the cop so as to expose the whole surface
of the latter to inspection for the finding of the end of the broken thread without
actually detaching the ring from the bar (t.
According to another part of my present invention instead of employing a conical
ring or shaper such as that shown in Figures 3 and 4 to move the traveller
inwards towards the centre of the spindle, and to allow it to move outwards away
therefrom, I sometimes employ the arrangement shown in Figure 7 in which the
stem of the traveller A passes through a plain ring F and the centrifugal force
urges the free end of the traveller away from the centre of the spindle B so that
the said stem of the traveller tends to stand obliquely to, or at an angle with the
axis of the spindle, but is restrained by the inner circumference of the aforesaid
ring with which it comes in contact under the action of the centrifugal force.
When the traveller is raised, its oblique or diverging stem is closed in by the
ring F so that its end is moved inwards towards the centre of the spindle B, and
when the traveller is lowered its said stem is allowed by the ring to diverge again
or to open out under the centrifugal action so that its end is moved away from the
centre of the spindle. In this case the ring is not required to rise and fall with
'the traveller, but only to rise slowly in proportion as the cop E is formed,
although it may be arranged to rise and fall to a smaller extent, and at a slower
speed than the traveller as in the case of the shortened conical ring in Figures 3
and 4.
Instead of a conical ring a cylindrical one F10 may be employed for guiding the
end of the traveller A as shown in Figure 8, but in that case the free end of the
traveller is not moved towards and away from the spindle B as it rises and falls in
such ring though it remains free to be drawn inwards towards the same by the
tension of the yarn when such tension exceeds the centrifugal force, as for example
when the yarn is being wound on to the smaller end of the cop.
In order to steady the traveller and to facilitate its turning round the spindle
when pulled by the thread of yarn I sometimes furnish it with a finger A°, see
Figures 7 and 8, projecting from the stem A and bearing against the spindle, or
against a tube thereon, or in some cases against the spun yarn itself on the side
opposite to that from which the thread of yarn pulls the traveller. Or, a similar
finger may be applied on an extension of the traveller stem A beyond the disc A¹

page_text: as shown in dotted lines in Figure 7; but in that case the finger is made to bear
against the same side of the spindle, tube or yarn as that from which the thread of.
yarn pulls the traveller.
Similar letters relate to like parts in all the figures of the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First In a ring spinning, twisting or doubling frame in which the travellers
revolve freely on the spindles or in bearings or plates on the lifting bars, the
travellers constructed with broadened parts such as A' at the points where they
come in contact with the rings within which they rotate, substantially as herein-
before described, and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.
Second In a ring spinning, twisting or doubling frame in which the travellers
revolve freely on the spindles or in bearings or plates on the lifting bars, the
travellers constructed with short tubes or flanges such as A' surrounding the holes
in the heads thereof, the said tubes or flanges being adapted to take into holes in
the bearing plates on the lifting bars substantially as hereinbefore described, and
illustrated in Figures 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8 of the drawings, and for the purpose
specified.
Third In a ring spinning, twisting or doubling frame in which the travellers are
moved inwards towards the spindles, and outwards away therefrom as the diameter
of the cop chase varies, by the joint action of centrifugal force and a conical ring
or shaper, constructing such conical ring or shaper shorter than the chase of the
cop and causing it to traverse up and down along with the traveller, but at a
slower speed and to a shorter distance than the said traveller, substantially as
hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings.
Fourth In a ring spinning, twisting or doubling frame, mounting the rings on
the lifting bars by means of guides F' sliding in spring clips F6 secured to the
lifting bars, substantially as hereinhefore described, and illustrated in Figures 3,
4, 44, 7 and 8 of the drawings.
Fifth For the purpose of causing the part of the traveller which forms or
carries the guide for the thread of yarn on its way from the drawing rollers to the
bobbin, spool, spindle or cop in a ring spinning, twisting or doubling frame to be
moved inwards towards, and outwards away from the spindle as the diameter that
the yarn is being wound on to varies, the ring F' against the internal circumference
of which the oblique or divergent stem A of the traveller is pressed by centrifugal
force while being drawn round by the tension of the yarn and traversed up and
down in the said ring, substantially as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in
Figure 7 of the drawings.
Sixth In a ring spinning, twisting or doubling frame the traveller A. arranged
to revolve freely on the spindle or in bearings or plates on the lifting bar and the
cylindrical ring F, combined, arranged, and operating substantially as herein-
before described, and illustrated in Figure 8 of the drawing.
Seventh-In a ring spinning, twisting or doubling frame in which the travellers
revolve freely on the spindles or in bearings on the lifting bars, the travellers
constructed with steadying fingers such as A which bear against the side of the
spindle or against the side of the bobbin or spool, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings.
PALCO this LULh day o
Anal 202
ALCO LOIS TULA day of
P. P. CRAVEN,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.