IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Marie Auguste Eugène Fabart, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 18th May 1858, and dated the 21st November 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Marie Auguste
Eugène Fabart at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st November 1857.
I, JEAN MARIE AUGUSTE EUGÈNE FABART, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a machine or apparatus which I apply to looms
for the purpose of weaving shawls and all figured goods; it presents great
economy over the system of figuring heretofore adopted, and dispenses with
the shuttle thrower, obviating at the same time part of the manual labour.
The machine consists of a bottomless box divided by perpendicular parti-
tions. These partitions reach from the right-hand extremity to the left-hand
extremity of the two sides right and left of the machine. Each partition
plate is of any metal, and divided throughout its width by vertical clefts or
recesses, terminating above the shuttle. The surface of the partition plates or
the spaces between each recess are the width or nearly so of the shuttles.

page_text: '
There are as many compartments as there are rows of shuttles; each com-
partment is composed of any number of shuttles furnished with material of
the same colour or of different colours; cach shuttle is kept in its compart-
ment and in its place by pallets or moveablo guides. In order to obtain perfect
accuracy in engaging only those threads of the chain in the recesses which
should enter therein, I employ two different methods; the one method consists
in giving a particular form to the teeth of the comb which separates the
threads of the chain so that they may not be taken by the sharp teeth of the
inachine; the other method consists of a rack giving the same result. These
teeth or this rack may be placed either at the top or at the bottom.
My Invention is represented in the annexed Drawings; Fig. 1 shows a
lateral vertical section of the machine; this machine or plunger is composed
of perpendicular plates or partitions throughout its width, connected together
by the tio picces l.
a, exterior sides of the front part of the machine; the surfaces comprised
between each recess terminate towards the bottom in sharp points in order
that the machine may only engage in the recesses or clefts the threads
properly to enter therein; p, recesses or openings made in each partition,
these recesses are widened at the top; b, b, back plate of the machine; b,,,
interior partitions of the machine; c, guide pallets controlling the shuttles;
d, shuttles placed one behind the other each in its partition at different eleva-
tions to form a gradual incline; c, grooves traversing each partition, and
serving to hold the shuttle; f, arms of the machine serving to determine the
place of the batten or slay i; j, moveable rack fixed in front of the comb at
the lower part of the batten; k, inclined plane fixed inside the frame of the
loom and below the batten, serving to raise the rack j, which being introduced
into tho chain separates its threads.
Fig. 2, vertical front view of a portion of the machine which may be
extended at pleasuro; similar letters indicate the same parts as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, front view of a portion of the rack j.
J
Fig. 4, two views, the one tho front, and the other the side view of the
moveable guides with their pallets.
Fig. 5, front and side views of the particular tooth of the comb.
Fig. 6, interior view of shuttle d; o, bobbin;, spiral spring for taking up
the slack of the threads of the bobbin which pass through the ring u.
Fig. 7, exterior front view of the shuttle; m, spring lid keeping the
shuttle in position by means of groove e.
Fig. 8 is a side view of the shuttle; n, slight spring bearing on the bobbin
o, when the lid m'is'shut.

page_text: I apply this apparatus to any weaving loom; I make it travel from right
to left, and from left to right by means of an excentric, or by any other agent.
I stop it at a tooth, or at half a tooth, as may be required. The workman
lowers the machine either when all the chain is lowered, or when that part
which is to make a flower is raised.
row.
The machine in lowering pushes the batten down; when it has reached its
supports, the workman pushes the first row of shuttles at the back part of
the machine; he can also begin by the row at the front part, or by any other
After this operation he lowers the jacquard mechanism, or any other
agent which has served to raise the chain intended to make a flower or orna-
ment; after this operation he puts the agent which acts on the threads of the
chain in action again. The new threads being raised, the workman pushes
the second row of shuttles, and then lowers the agent which has served to
raise the threads under which the shuttles have passed. He continues thus as
long as there are rows of shuttles to be passed. When all the rows have
traversed, which terminates one movement of the shuttles in the warp, he
raises the machine again, strikes his work with the reed, and recommences.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Marie Auguste Eugène Fabart in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th May 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN MARIE
AUGUSTE EUGÈNE FABART, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Hor
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jean Marie Auguste Eugène Fabart, Her special licence that I, the said
Jean Marie Auguste Eugène Fabart, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Jean Marie Auguste Eugène Fabart, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Marie Auguste

page_text: Eugène Fabart, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Marie Auguste Eugène Fabart,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
:-
My machine or apparatus allows of the weaving shawls and all figured
goods on the system pursued in India, and can be employed in all reductions.
It presents an economy of from sixty to seventy-five per cent. over the old
system of figuring; this economy arises from the fact, that with my apparatus
which I term "Fabart's box," the quantity of thread only that is absolutely
required is used; by this it must be understood that the thread which is to
appear at the beginning and end of a movement of the shuttle is used at these
two places only, whereas heretofore it has been used in the whole length of the
movement; it also dispenses with the shuttle thrower, and diminishes the
labour of the workman.
A complete view and details of this machine are represented in the Draw-
ings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section; Fig. 2, elevation of part of the machine,
showing the box containing the shuttles; Fig. 3, front view of a portion of
the rack serving to dispose the threads in a suitable position; Fig. 4, front
and side elevation of moveable slide blocks with their pallets; Fig. 5, front
and side view of the peculiar tooth of the comb, which may be substituted at
will for the rack shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 6, view of the interior of a shuttle;
Fig. 7, front view of the exterior of the same shuttle; Fig. 8, side view of a
shuttle. In all these Figures similar letters of reference indicate like parts
where they recur.
a, front plate of the machine; b, back plate of the machine; a', a', rods
fixed to plates a and b; c, slide blocks, sliding between partitions 61; their
lower part terminates either in a fork or in a single rod; d, d, shuttles, they
are placed between partitions b', and controlled in their movements by slide
blocks c, which keep them equidistant from each other; c, grooves made in
each compartment in the direction of the movement of the shuttles; they

page_text: loom
serve to hold a nib or button placed on the shuttles, and thereby guide the
shuttles in their movement and keep them always in the same horizontal
plane; ff, arms (one on either side) of the machine for attaching it to the
1; 9, axis placed on the loom, one extremity of each of the arms fis
mounted on axis g, on which they oscillate; h, roller, placed on au' axis at the
other extremity of arms f,f; in the oscillatory motion of this shuttle box
(Fabart's box); it strikes against the batten or slay of the machine;
i, batten or slay, which takes a suitable position under the action of roller h;
j, rack, placed at the lower part of the batten; it can move in a horizontal
direction, and advances one tooth and half a tooth at each alternate stroke;
1, cross ties or stays attaching plates a and b together at their upper part;
m, lid of the shuttle d, forming a spring in order to keep the nib or button
placed on the shuttles in the horizontal groove e, which groove is made in
each partition 6'; n, spring placed in the interior of the shuttles d, and
pressing on the bobbin; o, bobbin placed in the interior of the shuttles d; the
thread or other material to be employed is placed on this bobbin; p, recesses
or openings made between each compartment; these recesses are made
in each of the plates a, b, & b'; they serve to receive the threads of the warp;
and afterwards to place and remove shuttles d in the compartments formed by
partitions 6; t, spiral springs placed in the interior of shuttles d; they serve to
take up any excess of the bobbin thread that may be unwound; u, rings fixed
to the interior of shuttles d; the threads taken up by spiral springs t pass
into these rings.
As seen, this machine or Fabart's box consists of a bottomless case formed
by plates and partitions a, b, and b'; the space between these partitions is
divided into as many compartments as it is desired to have shuttles; the width
of each of these compartments is about equal to that of the shuttles; between
each of the compartments are the openings p, termed recesses.
Each shuttle
is kept in its place by the prongs of the moveable slide blocks c; the shuttles
are placed in different stages in the compartments, and may be in any number,
and furnished with materials of one or several colours.
In order to engage only the threads of the warp in the recesses which
should enter therein, I employ two methods:-The first consists of teeth of a
peculiar form made in the comb ordinarily used; they separate the threads of
the warp so as not to allow the sharp points of the machine to let go or take
hold of a thread which should not be let go or held. The second consists of a
rack, seen in section at Fig. 1, and in elevation at Fig. 8; this rack produces
the same result as the comb. Both of the methods may be placed either at
the top or bottom of the comb.

page_text: The machine can be applied to all kinds of looms for weaving; it travels
from right to left of the machine, and vice versa, by means of an eccentric or
otherwise; it can be stopped at a tooth or at half a tooth of the comb, accord-
ing as it is an even or odd movement of the shuttle. The machine may be
lowered either when the warp is lowered, or when that part which is to make
a flower or ornament is raised.
In lowering, the machine by means of rollers h drives back the batten or
slay ; when it has arrived on the supports, the workman pushes the first row
of shuttles at the back part of the machine; he may also begin at the first
row of the front part, or any other intermediate of these two; after this
operation he lowers the jacquard mechanism or other agent which has served
to raise the warp intended to make a flower or design; he then causes the
agent which acts on the threads of the warp to work again; these new threads
being raised, he traverses the second row of shuttles, and at the same time lets
fall the threads of the warp; he continues thus as long as there is a row of
shuttles to pass; when the rows are exhausted, which constitutes one move-
ment or action, he raises the machine again, strikes with the comb, and
recommences and conducts the operation in the same way for each movement
or.action.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be secured under
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the use and application to looms for weaving, of the apparatus or
machine herein-before described, and termed "Fabart's box," in the manu-
facture of textile fabrics.
I also claim the application to the same looms of a comb and rack (either
one or the other being used) with peculiar teeth, as and for the purposes
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Marie Auguste Eugène Fabart, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
J. M. A. E. FABART. (L.S.)