matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PASTE OR CREAM TO BE USED IN WASHING CLEANSING OR SCOURING LINEN, FLANNEL, WOOL AND WOOLLEN MATERIALS, ALSO OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE NATURE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Emma Louisa Loxton of Horbury near Wakefield in the
County of York for an invention of "AN IMPROVED PASTE OR CREAM TO BE
USED IN WASHING CLEANSING OR SCOURING LINEN, FLANNEL, WOOL AND
WOOLLEN MATERIALS, ALSO OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE NATURE"
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emma Louisa Loxton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1882.
EMMA LOUISA LOXTON of Horbury near Wakefield in the County of York.
"AN IMPROVED PASTE OR CREAM TO BE USED IN WASHING, CLEANSING, OB
SCOURING LINEN, FLANNEL, WOOL AND WOOLLEN MATERIALS, ALSO OTHER ARTICLES
OF A LIKE NATURE
"
By the use of my improved paste or cream, linen, flannel wool and woollen
materials, also other articles of a like nature are quickly scoured or cleansed and
without damage to the colour or quality of the material.
The paste or cream is manufactured as follows:
I dissolve soap in pure water, or in water in which borax or pipe clay has been
dissolved. I then add thereto spirits of ammonia and spirits of turpentine in equal
or suitable proportions until it is of the consistency of thick cream in which state
it is ready for use.
Or I make it by dissolving soap in water, and adding all or any of the following
ingredients, potash, soda, lime, barytes, pearl ash, salammoniac, sulphate of soda,
muriate of soda, silicate of soda, crystallized soda, soda ash, and "soda soap" to
which I add ammonia and spirits of turpentine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE ΤΟ THE WHEELS OF PERAMBULATORS, BICYCLES, VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wood and James Whyte at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1882.
ROBERT WOOD and JAMES WHYTE both of Manchester in the County of
Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE ΤΟ THE WHEELS OF
PERAMBULATORS, BICYCLES, VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER VEHICLES."
'
The object of this invention is to construct a Wheel suitable for Perambulators,
Bicycles, Velocipedes and other Vehicles which shall combine in itself the qualities
of lightness, strength and adjustability
In carrying out our invention we form the tyre as heretofore of iron or other
suitable material and if of metal we drill and tap the tyre to receive the screwed
ends of the spokes and in order more effectually to secure the india rubber tyre in
position we cause some of the spokes to be screwed further through the tyre and
form holes in the india rubber tyre to receive nuts which are screwed on to the
projecting ends of the spokes and into the body of the india rubber and thus
effectually secure the india rubber tyres in position. A modification of this part of
our invention applicable to existing wheels consists in forming holes in the india
rubber tyre to receive the heads of screwed set-pins which are screwed into the
metal tyre and to secure the india-rubber tyre in position.
The other ends of the spokes before-mentioned are inserted in holes formed on
one side of the nave in a fixed collar and in a loose collar on the other side of the
nave-this loose collar being capable of being pressed towards the fixed collar by
a screwed nut or cap and a spring coil being introduced between the collars to
assist in keeping them apart. In this manner we are enabled to draw the spokes
on each side of the nave closer together and at the same time to force out the tyre
and thus we construct a wheel of great strength and capable of being adjusted to
the greatest nicety.
For bicycles and similar wheels we prefer that the collar shall be loose at both
ends of the nave and a nut arranged at each extremity of the nave to screw the
collars towards each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Woodruff Culmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1882. A communication
from abroad by Emil Wernickenck of Moscow.
JOHN WOODRUFF CULMER of Moscow in the Empire of Russia at present of
123 Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR A communication from abroad by Emil
Wernickenck of Moscow.
"
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of that class of sugar
known to the trade as "lonf" or "lump" sugar and more especially that class
known as "cube sugar and in apparatus therefor.
<<
"
It consists, First, in constructing the mould or shape in which the "loaf" or
lump" of sugar is formed of a hollow rectangular box form or of such a shape as
will present greater surface for clearing, draining and drying the mass of crystalline
sugar and furnish the finished "loaf" or "lump" in a right angled or cubical mass
suitable for crushing or cutting into small cubes without loss-The mould or shape
so formed has top and bottom collars and caps or covers, the bottom cap or cover
being formed with an inclination or depression from all points towards its centre
at which the drainage opening occurs.
On the inner side of this cap or cover the mould or shape is furnished with a
secondary bottom for retaining the sugar whilst in a boiling state or liquid until
properly cooled or set when it is removed from the mould.
Second. In fitting such mould or shape with suitable diaphragms or division
plates whereby the "loaf" or "lump "of sugar is divided into plates, slabs or
strips of finished sugar ready to be broken up into cubes without sawing and
without the great loss from dust and powdered sugar as hitherto the case.
Third. In the application and use of a close pan for the reception of these
moulds or shapes and the combination with such pan of an apparatus consisting
of an air pump or its equivalent with a suitable valve arrangement for
exhausting the air from the pan for the clearing of the mass enclosed by the moulds
or shapes.
Fourth. In the application and use of an hydraulic press with table or platten
operated by a plunger in the usual way for forcing out or removing the
"loaf" or

page_text: "
lump" of sugar from the mould or shape. This press is fitted with guides and
clamps for properly directing and holding the moulds or shapes in place whilst
being operated upon.
Fifth. In the use of a movable carriage provided with an air tight chamber
which is fitted with pipes, valves, or other appliances for the passage of steam, hot
water, or other heating medium whereby the chamber may be maintained at a
temperature above that of the atmosphere.
By means of a pump or other source of pressure or exhaustion the pressure of the
air in the chamber may be increased or reduced as desired.
AN IMPROVED TANNING MATERIAL AND METHOD OF OBTAINING THE SAME FROM THE ASPHODEL PLANT
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
A communi-
cation to him from abroad by Antoine Badoil and Henry Lienders, both of
Paris, France.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1882.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, &. Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, AN IMPROVED TANNING MATERIAL AND METHOD
OF OBTAINING THE SAME FROM THE ASPHODEL PLANT." [A communication to him
from abroad by Antoine Badoil and Henry Lienders, both of Paris, France.]
This invention is based upon the discovery that the asphodel plant contains
tannin which does not dissolve under the influence of acids and fermentation, but
which is not assimilable, being diffused or mixed with a large proportion of water,
saccharine matter, and other sub-tances.
To render the tannin contained in the said plant adaptable for leather dressing,
like the best sumachs, it is necessary to eliminate the main portion of the water and
saccharine matter. For this purpose, according to the said invention, the asphodel
is washed to free it from the earth which may adhere to it; it is then grated or
crushed to break up its cells; and the pulp thus obtained is then pressed. The
juice coming from it is subjected to a complete fermentation to extract from it the
alcohol.
It
The pressed pulp, which contains nearly all the tanning material is dried,
preferably by exposure to the sun, and is finally reduced to powder or extract.
can be used in this state for leather dressing purposes..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PATTENS OR ATTACHMENTS TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Mayer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1882.
CARL MAYER of Cologne in the German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PATTENS
OR ATTACHMENTS TO BOOTS AND SHOES."
According to my present Invention pattens or attachments to boots and shoes
are constructed as follows:-
A plate of thin steel is formed with a configuration corresponding to that of the
sole of a boot or shoe, the part extending underneath the instep and heel being
bent so as to follow the curvature and projection of those parts. At about the
middle of its length the plate is provided with a transverse hinge-joint so as to
allow it to bend freely in walking. The undersurface of the plate has strips of
leather secured to it both under the tread of the sole and under the heel, to afford
a firm hold in walking and prevent noise.
To the heel part of the plate is connected by pivotted links, a curved sheet metal
strap that passes round the back of the heel of the boot or shoe, and the ends of
the links are extended up beyond the said strap and are formed with loops to
which are attached leather straps that pass over the instep and are secured by a
buckle or other fastening, so that the pull put upon these straps causes the curved
metal strap to be drawn tightly against the back of the boot heel and at the same
time draws the angle of the plate against the angle of the heel thereby holding the
heel part of the plate securely on the heel of the boot.
To the front part of the plate is attached a leather cap into which the front part
of the boot or shoe enters and which is partly formed of elastic material so as to
fit tightly over the foot and hold the patten firmly on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Catlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1882.
CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This invention relates to improved combination of mechanism employed for
operating the healds. To improved combination of mechanism for holding the cloth
roller or cloth beam and to an improved construction of reed dents.
Apparatus for operating the healds constructed according to this my invention
consist of T head or double crank lever to which a rocking motion is imparted by
crank from the tappet shaft. To the lower arm of the lever is connected a
hooked bar or catch and to the upper arm a L lever the horizontal arm of which
constitutes a hook or catch lever its vertical or upright arm carries a spring for
purpose herein after described. Between and within the hooked catch levers is a
vertical lever its fulcrum being midway its length and formed by the end of a
curved lever the other or outer end of which carries the cords connected to the
heald staves. The hooked catch levers are caused to engage with and operate the
vertical lever, heald lever and healds as required by the patterns of cloth being
woven by means of peg lags cards or other pattern mechanism which will raise
the lower catch lever or lift the upper catch lever clear of its end of the vertical
lever. For example a cylinder and peg lags placed under the bottom catch lever
the cylinder being connected by endless chain or driving band to the cylinder of a
horizontal peg lag arrangement the pegs of which act upon the spring attached to
the upright arm of the L catch lever a blank (or no peg) permits the catch lever
to engage with the vertical lever and change of position of healds follows.
A convenient arrangement of fulcrum for the vertical levers referred to consists
of an elliptical lug which is received within an elliptical or oblong clip formed by
the end of the curved heald lever affording greatest amount of strength and
admitting of all the levers being kept within the usual gauge.
For holding the cloth roller or cloth beam I employ a bracket fixed to the frame
of the loom and secure to the bracket a strap the latter being carried under and
over the bracket so as to create additional friction when weaving long lengths of
cloth the other or loose end of the strap being attached to the ordinary weight.
The reed dents I construct fish backed in shape affording additional strength
the ends I recess or form a shoulder thereon thereby to prevent the reed dropping
down.
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE DOORS OF CARRIAGES FOR FACILITATING THE RAISING OF THE WINDOWS THEREOF."
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Henry Garrett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1882.
#f
GILBERT HENRY GARRETT of Devonshire Road Wandsworth Road in the
County of Surrey IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE DOORS OF CARRIAGES
FOR FACILITATING THE RAISING OF THE WINDOWS THEREOF."
The object, of the present invention is to facilitate the raising of railway and
other carriage windows, and to retain the same at any required height, and also to
do away with the use of straps and such like raising appliances now commonly
in use; which are liable to be cut and destroyed out of wanton mischief.
In carrying out my invention I fit to the rebated cross bar of the door frame a
pair of spring boxes provided with metal bands which are attached to the window
at opposite sides thereof and serve to hold the window at any desired position.
The spring of each box is enclosed in an inner box mounted loosely on a spindle
having its bearings in the ends of the outer or enclosing box.
One end of the spring is fastened to the spindle the other to the smaller box.
These inner boxes which are cylindrical act as pulleys to receive the suspending
bands of pliant metal which after being wound on them pass out thro' suitable
slots made in the periphery of the external or larger boxes to be attached to the
sides of the window near the top. .
When the window is pulled down the metal bands attached to it are drawn from
the boxes passing along the guides in which the window runs, the springs offering
little resistance as they are regulated so as to balance the weight of the window.
This regulation of the springs is effected by means of ratchet wheels and pawls:
the window thus hung will remain at any required height, the friction between it
and its guides serving to retain it in the position to which it is moved.
In order that the apparatus above described may be manufactured as cheaply as
possible I form both the outer and inner boxes from sheet metal, bringing them to
shape by means of dies and pressure. The open ends of the boxes which have a
flange I close by rivetting a plate thereto. The flange of the outer box serves for
the attachment of the box to the door.

page_text: In this arrangement of window raising apparatus there is nothing which can be
readily tampered with by mischievous persons, the metal suspension bands which
are comparatively out of sight in the window guides offer no temptation to evilly
disposed persons to cut and if attacked they would unlike the leather and cloth
straps commonly used for fastening the windows of railway and other carriages at
various heights be found to resist the action of a pocket knife or scissors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FIXING BRONZE AND BROCADES ON WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dewhurst at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1882.
HENRY DEWHURST of the Aspley Print Works, Huddersfield in the County of
York, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FIXING BRONZE
AND BROCADES ON WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS."
This Invention has reference to the means or method of fixing bronze and
brocades on to the surface of woven or felted fabrics. For this purpose the bronze
or brocade is by preference mixed into a liquid or pastry form, a solution of india
rubber being added thereto so as to make the bronze or brocade adhere to tho
fabric.
The fabric to receive the bronze is passed over a revolving roller, and in contact
therewith is hinged an inclined plate or "doctor" which forms a V shaped trough
into which the bronze is placed, so that as the fabric is travelling along over the
roller it is pasted or couted with bronze or brocade.
The thickness of the coating put upon the fabric is determined by the pressure
of the incline plate or "doctor" against the roller which is regulated by adjustable
weights or springs.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCE FOR BINDING OR HOLDING Docu- MENTS OR OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Rome Stutchbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1882.
HARRY ROME STUTCHBURY of Wilson Road Camberwell in the County of
Surrey 'IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCE FOR BINDING OR HOLDING Docu-
MENTS OR OTHER PAPERS"
My Invention has for its object an improved binder, whereby I am enabled to
file papers or documents with facility, and further, any paper or document can be
withdrawn with equal facility.
In carrying out my Invention, I adopt mainly the following arrangements,
(taking as example a book case or cover).
To the inner portion of the back part, I fix on a pin free to move pieces of
metal or other material, to each of which is attached preferably a thin metal rod
running the length of the back, terminating by preference in a button or enlarged
piece.
At the bottom of the case, I arrange spring clips, so formed that as the rods are
pressed into position, they on one side engage in a groove, and on the other are
pressed against a vertical kind of spring, so that the rod cannot be disengaged
without actuating it at the end.-Papers or documents may be withdrawn without
releasing the rod.
The said rod may if desired be formed of metal, or elastic material may be
employed. To strengthen the back, I prefer to insert a strip of metal or other
material extending the whole length thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES FOR DOORS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1882.
JOHN WILLIAM PITT of Liversedge in the County of York Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES FOR DOORS."
The object of my Invention is to arrange hinges for doors in such a manner that
when the door to which the hinge or hinges is or are fitted is liberated after being
opened, the door will close by the action of a spring which is capable of adjustment
as to tension to suit the door: and to so construct the hinges that the tension of the
spring, can be instantly released so as to act as hinges of ordinary construction and
not close the door.
I accomplish my object by forming the wings or leaves of the hinge in the
ordinary manner except that I cut a recess in the joint of the hinge. In this
recess 1 mount on the spindle of the hinge a barrel to which is secured one end of
a coiled flat spring the other end of which is fitted into a recess formed in one
of the leaves of the hinge, so that when the spring is coiled up round the barrel by
the opening of the door sufficient elastic force is obtained to again close the door on
being liberated.
The elastic force so obtained acts upon the leaf or wing of the hinge having the
recess formed therein, and also on the other leaf by means of a pin fitted in the
before mentioned barrel.
The barrel to which the spring is secured is capable of adjustment as to the
amount of tension which it may be required to put upon the spring to close the
door quick or slow as required; or the spring can be entirely released from any
tension whatever by removing the pin from the barrel in which latter case the hinge
acts as one of ordinary construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA FASTENERS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1882.
A com-
munication from abroad by Messieurs Jean Roy and Jean Beuste both of the
City of Paris in the Republic of France, Merchants.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 6 Southampton Buildings Holborn in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA FASTENERS." A communica-
tion from abroad by Messieurs Jean Roy, and Jean Beuste both of the City of Paris
in the Republic of France, Merchants.
This fastener comprises two parts, one being a metal piece serving as hook for
the second part to catch in.
This first part consists of a piece of metal with two projections, which are bent
round the elastic band of the umbrella to fix it securely to this band, and it is also
provided at one end with two or more holes for sewing it to the umbrella whilst
the other end is bent to form the catch alluded to.
The second portion of the fastener consists of a kind of circular cup whose
external surface is slightly arched, whilst round its rim are two apertures one
opposite the other and on each side of the cup, in one of these the free end of the
elastic is fastened whilst in the other opening is a tassel.
In passing the elastic round the umbrella, the cup portion is drawn (by holding
the tassel) towards the catch, which at once hooks into the cup, and the umbrella is
securely and tastefully fastened thereby.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRASS EDGE CLIPPERS
Year: 1882

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1882.
THOMAS GREEN of Smithfield Iron Works Leeds in the County of York.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRASS EDGE CLIPPERS
"
The object of this invention is the cutting of the overhanging grass on the edges
of walks, borders, flower beds, drives or similar places for the accomplishment of
which this machine has a revolving star or any other shaped cutter which acts in
its rotatory motion against a fixed blade or shear on the side of the machine. The
motion to this cutter is imparted by a chain revolving on a chain wheel fitted on
the end of the drum shaft and a small pinion on the end of the cutter shaft. The
depth of the cut is regulated by sliding brackets in front of the machine in which
there is a shaft with wood rollers supporting the front part of the machine. These
brackets are raised and lowered as required and adjusted with set screws.
same results can also be attained by the cutter driven with wheel gearing.
The
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING ANTI-INCRUSTATION MATERIAL INTO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Trotter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1882.
JAMES TROTTER, Engineer of Rawtenstall in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING ANTI-INCRUSTATION
MATERIAL INTO STEAM BOILERS."
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the additional pump hitherto
used for introducing the anti-incrustation material and whereby the anti-incrustant
is capable of being introduced in more minute quantity (or extended over a longer
period) and with greater regularity and facility for adjustment than has hitherto
been practicable. Now this Invention consists of a suitable box or chamber
provided with a cover capable of being removed for the purpose of introducing the
material one end of the chamber is connected by means of a pipe with the pump
side of the check or back pressure valve and which pipo is extended inside the
said box or chamber and the other end of the said box or chamber is in communi-
cation with the boiler side of the check or back pressure valve and is provided in
its length with a suitable valve or cock having several passages formed through it
so as to be able to regulate the thoroughfare to the greatest nicety-The action of
this apparatus is as follows:-Owing to a thoroughfare being open through this
apparatus and regulated as aforesaid a portion of the feed water is allowed to
escape through the anti-incrustation chamber with every stroke of the pump thus
carrying along with it a portion of the anti-incrustation liquid the pressure-upon
the back pressure valve being greater than through the aforesaid chamber and so
permitting a portion of the feed water to pass through and to become impregnated
with the anti-incrustant as aforesaid.
A NEW APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO FIRE BUCKETS AND OTHER VESSELS USED FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morcombe Bromley Baker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1882.
JOHN MORCOMBE BROMLEY BAKER of 5 Southampton Buildings in the County
of Middlesex "A NEW APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO FIRE BUCKETS AND OTHER
VESSELS USED FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE
This invention consists of an apparatus to be attached to fire buckets or other
vessels containing water for extinguishing fire the said apparatus containing
Muriate of Ammonia or other suitable chemical to be injected in a certain propor-
tion in the water so as to render the same more effective in extinguishing fire. The
said apparatus is constructed substantially as follows:-
In a cylinder of the desired size I fit a piston having small appertures therein to
allow liquid to pass through, the rod of saine extending through the top and bottom
of the said Cylinder the bottom of Cylinder being partially open to allow of the
escape of liquid at the desired time as hereafter described. To the bottom end of
the said piston rod I fix a disc which is kept in forced contact with the bottom of said
cylinder by means of a spring fitted to the top or other convenient part of the said
piston rod or Cylinder this disc closing the bottom of said Cylinder until depressed
as hereafter described. An opening is provided in said Cylinder for charging it
with chemical. To the said Cylinder is fitted a hook or clamp for connecting it to
a bucket or other vessel. Upon depressing the aforesaid piston rod the aforesaid
disc is removed from bottom of Cylinder and as much Chemical is discharged into
the water in the bucket or other vessel as was contained between the aforesaid
piston and disc and upon releasing the piston rod the disc closes the bottom of
Cylinder the apparatus being then ready for operating with again and so on until
all the chemical is discharged from the Cylinder when the same can easily be
refilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCRAPERS FOR FUEL ECONOMIZERS OR WATER HEATERS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Graham Perkin and James
Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1882.
JOHN GRAHAM PERKIN and JAMES SCOTT both of Sandal Magna near
Wakefield in the County of York Engineers "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCRAPERS FOR
FUEL ECONOMIZERS OR WATER HEATERS
"
The class of fuel economizers or water heaters to which our invention has
reference are those consisting of vertical tubes through which the supply water
passes for the purpose of heating the same. These tubes being placed in the flue
become coated with soot dust and other products.
The object of our invention is to cleanse and scrape such tubes more effectually
than they have hitherto been.
We provide levers for carrying the upper and lower scraper segments. These
by preference are hooked or otherwise hinged together and may be varied in
length and thereby the pressure of the scraper segments regulated to suit the
nature of the soot or other substances to be scraped off the tubes.
The lifting bars have provided in them recesses or guards to receive the scraper
levers, these being so arranged or guarded that their scraper segments will clear
whilst passing and repassing each other. By our arrangement also the scraper
segments can be applied to each of any number or groups of pipes whether such
groups contain even or odd numbers, and further the whole surface of each pipe is
effectually scraped.
A lifting or connecting plate inay be employed for connecting the lifting bars
through which also the required vertical movement is transmitted to the scraper
segments.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF USING ORDINARY ARGAND BURNERS SO AS TO OBTAIN AN INCREASED LIGHT THEREFROM
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Greene and Thomas Arthur
Greene at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October
1882.
HENRY GREENE and THOMAS ARTHUR GREENE both of 155 Cannon St in the
City of London A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF USING ORDINARY ARGAND
BURNERS SO AS TO OBTAIN AN INCREASED LIGHT THEREFROM
We attach to the ordinary fitting carrying the burner a glass shade closed at
the bottom (except that a connection is made through it to the burner for the
passage of Gas) this glass oxtends to a suitable height up the outside of the
chimney which is used with the burner, but does not extend to the full height
of the said chimney
The said glass is of sufficient size to allow the required quantity of air to be
supplied to the burner, and may be of any shape or design provided that it is
closed at the bottom in the manner above described.
When in use the air required to support combustion, can only enter at the open
top of the glass shade, and in passing the space formed between the outside of the
chimney, and the inside wall of the glass shade becomes heated, the temperature of
the flame is thereby increased, and the illuminating power thereof considerably
augmented
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES, STEAM HAMMERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STEAM MACHINERY."
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Ashton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1882.
DAVID ASHTON of Sheffield in the County of York, Engineer.
16 IMPROVEMENTS
IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES, STEAM HAMMERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
STEAM MACHINERY."
My Invention relates to improvements in slide valves of steam engines, steam
hammers and other similar steam machinery (such as steam presses) the object of
my Invention being to counteract and reduce the pressure of the slide valve
against the facings, which can be regulated to any desired amount, thus reducing
the friction and consequent wear and tear of the various parts of the valve and
valve motion, and it moreover enables handworked valves and reversing motions
to be more easily worked and therefore better under control.
My Invention consists principally in the use of a small cylinder and piston, in
combination with and connected by any suitable means to a slide valve, and fixed
in such a manner that the piston can be acted upon by the steam, and exert a
counteracting force on the slide valve, in proportion to the difference of the surface
area of the piston to that of the valve-In carrying out my Invention as applied
to the slide valve of an ordinary steam engine, (for example) I fix on the lid or
cover of the steam chest a suitable cylinder, or I forin the cover and cylinder in
one piece, the centre of the cylinder being by preference over the centre of the
movement of the slide valve-I fix into the cylinder a trunk piston and connect it
with the back of the slide valve by a connecting rod, or link. I cover the open
top of the cylinder with a diaphram of rubber, and a plate of copper, the rubber
to make the joint, and the copper plate to support it, and I close the cylinder with
a cover by preference hollow or domed so that a spring may be fixed inside to act
against the plate and through the plate on to the piston, for the purpose of keeping
the valve closed when the engine is out of use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND SCREWS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Beaven at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1882.
SAMUEL BEAVEN, of Campinas, in the Province of Sao Paulo Brazil
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS AND SCREWS
"
This invention has reference to an improved manufacture of headless screw nails
or wood screws, and the improvements consist in manufacturing such headless
screw nails or wood screws from uniformly twisted triangular or fluted wire or rods.
In carrying out the invention triangular or fluted wire (or a rod) is twisted by
any suitable means so as to form a uniform screw thread (instead of cutting a
thread as in ordinary wood screws) and lengths are then cut off and pointed and
the headless screw nails or wood screws are complete.
Screw nails or wood screws manufactured as hereinbefore described can be driven
in with a hammer, or by means of a screw driver of suitable construction which
will grasp the head of the screw which would not require to be notched as is the
case in ordinary wood screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS GOBLETS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Webb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1882.
THOMAS GEORGE WEBB of Miles Platting in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS GOBLETS."
This Invention consists principally in the manufacture of goblets of flint glass
by a combination of the two processes known as pressing or moulding and blowing
as follows.
The stem and foot of the glass is first pressed or moulded in one piece, the upper
end of the stem being slightly concave, and the foot being in the shape of a cup.
Another workman having simultaneously formed the bowl or bell of the
goblet in an oval or egg shape by means of the blowing tube in the ordinary
manner, whilst the two (stem and bowl) are at a bright red heat, places the bowl
on to the stem and thus unites the two together.
He then removes the stem from the mould, reheats the cup shaped foot and
opens it out into the required flat form by pincers, and taking hold of the flattened
foot by a spring "ponty" he next " wets off," shears, and finishes the edge of the
bowl in the ordinary manner.
A flint glass goblet having a thin blown glass bowl, with an ornamental pressed
or moulded stem, and a flat foot without any seams or lines produced by the mould
is thus obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN "TELEPHONES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Shelford Bidwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1882.
SHELFORD BIDWELL of Mitre Court Buildings, Temple, London, Esquire,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN "TELEPHONES"
This Invention relates to apparatus for reproducing sounds and particularly the
complex articulate sound of the voice from currents of electricity which
have been rendered intermittent or undulatory by the action of an ordinary
transmitting telephone or Microphone.
A quantity of insulated wire is wound around a flat hollow bobbin of the form
commonly used in galvanometers and needle telegraph instruments but the
width of this bobbin in proportion to its length may be less than is usual in such
instruments.
Inside the bobbin and in the place which would be occupied by the magnet of
the galvanometer or Telegraph instrument is a light magnetised bar which may be
conveniently made of clock spring-This however instead of being pivoted upon its
centre in the ordinary manner is fixed at one end in such a way that it is capable
of vibrating like a "free reed" in a direction parallel to the axis of the bobbin-
When at rest the magnetised bar should be parallel to the insulated wires and if it
is not made of clock spring or is not sufficiently flexible to vibrate it should be
furnished with a short length of flat spring at the end which is to be fixed so that
vibration is rendered possible.
If now a current of electricity is passed through the wire a force will act upon
the magnetised bar tending to deflect it in a direction at right angles to the length
of the wires and the stronger the current the greater will be this force.
Hence when a current of rapidly varying strength such as that produced by a
transmitting telephone is passing through the wires the magnetised bar is caused
to vibrate in a manner corresponding with the variations of the current and thus
to reproduce sounds similar to those by which the transmitting telephone is
affected, Owing however to the smallness of the surface of the vibrating bar the
intensity of the reproduced sound is generally feeble and it is found advantageous
to connect the free end of the bar with the centre of a diaphragm or drum head
which may be made of paper vegetable or natural parchment thin metal or other
suitable material-This arrangement not only greatly increases the loudness of

page_text: the sounds but also adds to their clearness by checking the natural isochronous
vibrations of the spring
It is evident that the invention as above described may be modified in many
ways Thus the vibrator instead of being itself a spring may be attached to a
spring base. It may be a permanent magnet simple or coumpound it may be
magnetised by induction, it may be an electro magnet or it may be covered with coils
of insulated wire which are in the same circuit as the line and the bobbin wires-
The form of the bobbin may also be varied and other alterations made without
affecting the spirit of the Invention.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN VELOCIPEDES AND SIMILAR VEHICLES DRIVEN BY MANUAL POWER
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Whitehouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1882.
HENRY WHITEHOUSE of Reading in the County of Berks Engineer
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VELOCIPEDES AND SIMILAR VEHICLES DRIVEN BY MANUAL POWER."
My Invention relates to improvements in Velocipedes and similar Vehicles driven
by manual power and has for its object to provide means whereby the driving
wheel or wheels whilst capable of being driven from the Crank Shaft is or are
also capable of running freely upon their axles on the said shaft without giving
motion thereto; means are also provided for enabling the machine to be driven
backwards when required.
According to my Invention the wheel or wheels is or are provided with the
following arrangement-I will describe it as applied to one wheel but it will be
understood that it may be applied to one driving wheel only or to more than one
for instance it may be applied to the driving wheel of a Bicycle or to one or to both
of the driving wheels of a tricycle or of a quadricycle.
The hub of the wheel is provided with a series of ratchet teeth and engaging
therewith is a clutch or collar keyed so as to slide upon but rotate with the Crank
Shaft being formed with similar teeth and being pressed inwards to engage with the
teeth on the hub by a spring. The teeth are so inclined that the flat faces of
the teeth of the clutch or collar and of the hub bear upon each other when the
crank shaft is rotated and thus the wheel is driven.-If however the Crank Shaft
be not rotated the ratchet teeth on the wheel hub run over the ratchet teeth of
the clutch or collar without communicating motion to the Crank shaft.
Where the arrangement is applied to both wheels on the same axle in turning
the teeth on the hub of the one wheel which takes the outside curve and
consequently travels faster than the other run over the ratchet teeth on the
engaging clutch whilst the teeth on the engaging clutch of the other or opposite
wheel drive the said wheel through the teeth on its hub as before described.
Where it is desired to provide means for driving the machine backwards one of
the wheels (or it may be more) is provided with an additional Collar or Clutch
similar to and encircling that herein before described and capable of engaging with

page_text: a series of Ratchet teeth on the hub encircling the series hereinbefore described
but these additional teeth on the hub and on the additional collar will be set in
the reverse direction from the forward driving set The teeth of the said clutch for
driving backwards will in the mormal position of the said Clutch be disengaged
from its series of teeth on the hub but by means of a shifting or clutch lever the
said clutch can be moved so as to engage with its said series of teeth on the hub
and so enable the wheels to be driven backwards.
In order to deaden the noise which might otherwise result from the passing of
the teeth over each other I insert pegs or surfaces of wood or similar elastic or
semi-elastic substance in the inclined or opposed faces of the teeth.
JMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Year: 1882

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wright and Matthew William
Wallbank Mackie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
16th March 1882.
FRANK WRIGHT Electrician and MATTHEW WILLIAM WALLBANK MACKIE
Electrical Engineer both of No. 80 Gray's Inn Road in the County of Middlesex.
JMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Our invention relates to improvements in electric lamps operated by incandescence
and consists firstly in an improved form of vacuum bulb with tubular stem for
carrying the conducting wires and pump tube. Secondly in the production of
vegetable fibres free from mineral and inorganic matter as the bases of the
filaments or bridges.
For this purpose we provide a bulb having a tubular stem which we reduce or
draw down to the size required for the pump piece or exhausting tube. We heat
the sides of the tubular stem and form therein one or more indentations suitable
for sealing in the conductors for the carbon filaments or bridges. We then cut
off the tubular stem at a place between the neck of the bulb and the indentations
in order to seal in the conductors and attach the filaments or bridges. We now
replace the severed parts and fuse them together. The lamp is then connected to
a pump and when the desired vacuum has been produced the pump piece is fused
and the lamp hermetically sealed. We form the external ends of the conductors
into contact pieces suitable for adjustment with the terminals of a lamp holder.
We prefer to do this by two metallic plates or tubes lying within the
indentations at an angle with the sides of the tubular stem. We make a lamp
holder with two metallic springs or finger pieces insulated from one another and
forming terminals to the current wires. These springs or finger pieces press
inwards upon the plates or tubes in the indentations of the lamp stem and thereby
insure good electrical contact and at the same time securing firmly the lamp. In
sealing in copper conductors we coat them with enamel at the parts where the
junctions are made with the glass.
We employ as the base of the filaments a fibre of any suitable plant specially

page_text: grown in distilled water or other medium not containing mineral or inorganic
matter but supplied solely with pure organic pabulum for the growth of the plant
the fibres of which will then be free from mineral and inorganic impurities.
We carbonize these fibres in a combustion furnace supplied with pure hydrogen,
chlorine or nitrogen after which carbonization we mount them upon the metallic
conductors attached to the tubular stem and deposit upon them gas carbon until
the required electrical resistance is obtained.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE ADMIXTURE OF LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES OR SPECIFIC GRAVITIES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Whitlock & Samuel
Smale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January
1882.
EDWARD JOHN WHITLOCK & SAMUEL SMALE, Coppersmiths & Brewers
Engineers, of 28 & 29 Broad Street Lambeth in the County of Surrey.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE ADMIXTURE OF LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT
DENSITIES OR SPECIFIC GRAVITIES."
For the rousing and blending of the lighter with the heavier worts while running
into fermenting back (from the coolers or refrigerators) in the process of brewing,
and for aëriating them at the same time, it is also applicable for blending of 'other
liquids of different specific gravities.
With reference to the blending of brewers worts the first or heavier infusion of
malt is run from the refrigerator into fermenting back, also the lighter worts, but
owing to their different specific gravities they will not mix thoroughly of them-
selves. The present means for effecting their admixture is very imperfect, and
the purpose of our Invention is to produce a simple, portable and self revolving
apparatus for effecting the important object in view.
In our Invention we use two pipes, one fitting in the other and placed
perpendicularly in the fermenting back and attached to wort main for charging said
back. The inner pipe is furnished with an air channel, the object of which is to
convey a quantity of air down the pipe with the worts to the bottom of the back,
The outer pipe can be raised or lowered as required, and fastened with screw or
otherwise, this arrangement will be required where the fermenting backs are of
different depths, otherwise a single pipe can be used.
The rouser which we attach to the bottom of pipe consists of a shell to which
are fitted horizontally, two or more hollow twisted blades with outlets for the
wort at the ends and one side of each and running on balls, wheels, or otherwise.
The object for using the blades above mentioned is to cause a displacement of the
worts.
The worts or liquids running from refrigerators or coolers passes down the pipe, at
the same time drawing the air through the channel above mentioned, then running.

page_text: together into the hollow twisted blades is distributed through side outlets of same,
and by this means the rouser is caused to revolve at a good speed, thereby the
admixture or blending of the lighter with the heavier worts or liquors is made perfect
and of one uniform weight. The air which is carried through the apparatus aëriates
the wort causing a good fermentation and healthy growth of yeast.
The apparatus can be fitted permanently in fermenting back from bottom or
otherwise.