IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS AND IN METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING AND UTILIZING THE PRODUCTS OF to be as follows:- COMBUSTION FROM SUCH COKE OVENS
Year: 1884

page_text: We, ARTHUR MARSHALL CHAMBERS, of Thorncliffe, Colliery Proprietor, and
THOMAS SMITH, of Chapeltown, Foreman, both in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS AND IN
METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING AND UTILIZING THE PRODUCTS OF
to be as follows:-
COMBUSTION FROM SUCH COKE OVENS
Our invention relates to ovens used for burning coal in order to convert it into
coke, and it has for its objects novel methods of constructing and operating such
ovens so that the valuable products of combustion arising from the coking of the
coal may be collected and utilized instead of passing away into the chimney or
open air and being wasted as has ordinarily heretofore been the case.
Our invention is more especially applicable to the coke ovens for which Her
Majesty's Royal Letters Patent were granted to Arthur Marshall Chambers dated
December 15th A.D. 1879, and numbered 5122.
In the Specification and drawings accompanying the same of the said Letters
Patent is described and shewn a coke oven having an opening or doorway in front,
through which coal can be introduced into it, which opening is closed so as to be
airtight or nearly so whilst the operation of burning is in progress.
The oven has also a central opening at its top, and at a sufficient distance from
such central opening, another opening or passage communicating with a chimney
or with a flue leading to a chimney.
Round the crown of the oven, above the level of the opening or doorway, is
arranged a pipe close to the outside of the firebrick lining of the oven, one of its
ends being brought to the front of the oven or to other convenient position where
it is provided with a sliding or other valve by which the quantity of air admitted
into the pipe can be adjusted and regulated.
The pipe is made to pass horizontally round the oven, and its end is then turned
inward and slightly upward, so that its open end is directed directly across the
oven, to the centre of the opening through which the smoke and gases pass to the
chimney
In this way air admitted through the regulating valve is drawn through the pipe
by the draft of the chimney, becoming highly heated in its passage, and is finally

page_text: discharged in unbroken volume through the single orifice of the pipe into and across
the oven to the passage leading to the flue and chimney.
In our present invention we make a coke oven of the kind just described or of
other suitable kind, and we make its floor somewhat inclined so that it slopes
gradually down toward the door of the oven, and we make a sufficient number of
channels or grooves either open or covered in the floor, all converging and leading
to the lowest point, where they communicate with a pipe which is carried down
and led away to a condensing apparatus of any of the ordinary well known kinds
in which any volatile or other liquids, vapours, or gases, can be cooled and
condensed, and subsequently removed and utilized.
We remove or close the chimney, or the flue leading to a chimney, described in
the specification already referred to, and wo connect the outer end of the pipe,
which surrounds the crown of the oven as described, to air pumping machinery, or
to a fan or fans, of any of the ordinary well known kinds, by which air can be
forced at any desired pressure into the pipe and thence through the open end of
the latter, after having been heated in its passage, into the upper part of the oven.
It will be seen that, the chimney or flue being removed or closed and the other
openings into the oven being also closed, the heated air by which sufficient
combustion of the coal to effect coking is effected and the products of such
combustion as well as the gases are compelled to pass downward through the mass
of coal and thence to pass through the discharge pipe into the condenser from
which they may be discharged into the open air or a chimney together with the
uncondensible vapours. Or any inflammable gas may be utilized in the ovens or
otherwise.
:
In the novel arrangement described the products of combustion containing tar,
heavy and light oils, ammoniacal liquor, and other valuable ingredients which
ordinarily escape by the chimney and aro wasted, pass downward through the coal,
along the channels or grooves in the bottom of the oven into the pipe leading to
the condenser, where they are condensed and collected, and from which they can
be removed from time to time as desired.
After the process of coking has been continued in the manner described for a
sufficient time, we sometimes open a communication from the upper part of the
oven to a chimney or a flue leading to the chimney, the admission of air either
being stopped, or air being admitted through the adjustable valvo and circular
pipe, for a sufficiently long additional time.
The quantity and quality of the coke produced are not injuriously affected by
the process and great saving is effected by the utilization in the manner described
of the products ordinarily wasted.
Air may be forced into the upper part of the oven through openings in the
circular pipe, instead of through its open end as described.
Our invention may be applied to coke ovens of any of the kinds ordinarily used,
and the products of combustion may be withdrawn through a central or other pipe
instead of through one near the entrance of the oven.
The air may be forced into the oven as described either in a continuous stream,
or intermittently at intervals.
Dated this 11th day of March 1884

page_text: We, ARTHUR MARSHALL CHAMBERS, of Thorncliffe, Colliery proprietor, and
THOMAS SMITH, of Mount Pleasant, Chapeltown, Foreman, both in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
COKE OVENS, AND IN METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING AND UTILIZING
THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM SUCH COKE OVENS "
and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to ovens used for burning coal in order to convert it into
coke, and it has for its objects novel methods of constructing and operating such
ovens so that the valuable products arising from the coking of the coal may be
collected and utilized instead of passing away into the chimney or open air.
Our invention is more especially applicable to the coke ovens for which a Patent
was granted to Arthur Marshall Chambers in Great Britain dated December 15th
1879, and numbered 5122 but it is also applicable to other kinds of coke ovenя as ·
hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings our present invention is shewn applied to coke
ovens of the kind described and shewn in the specification and drawings of the
Patent above referred to. Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the oven, and
figure 2 a front view of the same.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 are horizontal sections through the oven at different heights.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures. It is
to be understood that any number of the ovens may be arranged side by side in
the usual way, or in other convenient position.
a is the body of the coke oven, which is shewn circular or beehive shaped, and
b is an opening or doorway in front, through which coal or other material to be
coked or carbonized can be introduced into it and the coke withdrawn from it, the
opening being closed so as to be airtight whilst the operation of burning is in
progress.
The oven has also a central opening at c through which the coal may be
introduced, and when it is made and used in the manner described in the former
Patent already referred to it also has a passage e communicating with a chimney,
but in our present invention this opening is built up, as shewn, or closed by
a door.
Round the crown of the oven is arranged a pipe g close to the firebrick lining
of the oven, one of its ends being brought to the front of the oven or other
convenient position and provided with an adjustable regulating valve at h.
The pipe passes horizontally round the oven and is then turned inward at i,
its open end being directed across the oven horizontally or preferably slightly
upward so that air forced in may not be directed downward upon the surface of the
coal being coked.
In our present invention we make the floor of the oven somewhat inclined so
that it slopes gradually down toward the front and we make a sufficient number of
grooves or channels n (figures 1 and 4) either open or preferably covered with
perforated tiles as shewn at m (figures 1 and 5), the channels all converging and
leading to the lowest point where they communicate with a pipe o which is carried

page_text: down and communicates by the pipe with condensing apparatus of any of the
ordinary well-known kinds in which the volatile and other liquids, vapours, or
gases, such as gas, tar, heavy and light hydrocarbon oils, ammoniacal liquor, and
the other well-known products from the carbonization of the coal or other material,
can be cooled and condensed, and subsequently removed and utilized. p is a
regulating valve by which the oven can be shut off from the pipes and condensers.
We connect the outer end of the pipe g, at g¹, to air pumping machinery, or to a
fan or fans, of any of the ordinary well known kinds, by which air can be forced
at any desired pressure into the pipe g and thence through the open end of the
latter, after having been heated in its passage, into the upper part of the oven at i.
It will be seen that, as all the other openings into the oven are closed, the heated
air by which sufficient combustion of the coal to effect coking is caused, and the
products of such combustion as well as the gases, are forced downward through the
mass of coal and thence through the perforated bottom m and channels n to the pipe o
and to the condenser, whence the air and uncondensible vapours may be discharged
into the open air or into a chimney.
Or any inflammable gas may be conducted away and utilized by burning in the
furnaces of boilers or otherwise.
By the adjustable regulating valves arranged at p, the ovens can be cut off from
the pipe o and the condensers when required.
In the novel arrangement described and shewn, the products of combustion of
the coal during the process of coking, pass downward through the coal by the
pressure of the heated air alone in the upper part of the oven, and thence through
the pipe o to the condenser where the valuable constituents are condensed and
collected, and from which they can be removed from time to time.
Gas is not admitted into the oven, as the heated air forced through the pipe i
into the upper part is sufficient to carry on the process of coking, and the pipe at i
being directed horizontally or slightly upward, the pressure upon the surface of the
coal is uniform, and the latter is not burned away and injured as is the case where
air is directed downward upon it.
After the process of coking has been continued, and the valuable products
extracted as described, for a sufficient time, we sometimes open a communication
from the upper part of the oven through the flue e to a chimney, the admission of
air either being stopped, or air being admitted through the valve h and pipe g for
a sufficiently long time.
Instead of the floor of the oven inclining downward to the front, its lowest point
may be made at the centre or other convenient part, the pipe o being arranged to
carry off the products in the way already described.
The quantity and quality of the coke produced are not injuriously affected by
the process, and great saving is effected by the utilization in the manner described
of the products of carbonization of the coal or other material.
Our invention may be applied not only to circular or beehive ovens as described
and shewn, but to rectangular or other ovens; and the hot air may be forced in
through one or inore openings horizontal or directed somewhat upward, instead o
through one only. Where more convenient the air may be heated in separat
stoves or furnaces instead of in the pipe g surrounding the oven, and it may b
forced into the oven either in a continuous stream or intermittently at intervals.
We do not claim generally the utilization of the products resulting from th
coking process in coking ovens, nor do we claim the extraction of the gases an
other products from the oven by means of an exhauster, but having now
particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention and i
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is:-
1. The method of collecting and utilizing the products of combustion in cok
ovens, by forcing heated air into the upper part of such ovens, substantially in th
manner described and shewn in the drawings.

page_text: 2. The combination in a coke oven, of the pipe g through which heated air under
pressure is forced into the upper part of the oven, with the channels n, n, and
pipes o and through which the products of combustion pass away and are utilized,
substantially as described and shewn.
Deted this and 7004