IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING DWELLING-HOUSES, HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC., ETC."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Lars Friedländer, Proprietor of Works, of Jönköping,
in the Kingdom of Sweden, for an Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS
LETTERS PATENT to Carl Lars Friedländer, Proprietor of Works, of Jönköping,
in the Kingdom of Sweden, for an Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR HEATING DWELLING-HOUSES, HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC., ETC."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Lars Friedländer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1881.
CARL LARS FRIEDLÄNDER, Proprietor of Works, of Jönköping, in the
Kingdom of Sweden. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING DWELLING-HOUSES,
HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC., ETC."
This Invention has for object improvements in stoves or apparatus for heating
dwelling houses, hospitals, schools, churches, and other buildings, and has reference
to an air chamber, vessel, or vault, in which is a furnace terminating in a box or
receptacle connected with a tube box, from which the products of combustion are
led through tubes to a second tube-box, and thence through other tubes; and finally
to the chimney. Cold air is admitted at the bottom of the air chamber, vessel, or
vault, in which it is heated by contact with and radiation from the furnace and
tubes. It traverses the apparatus and is emitted therefrom either directly or by a
system of distributing pipes.
In one form of apparatus, arranged vertically, according to this Invention the
furnace consists of four plates, which if desirable can be furnished with projecting
ribs at the sides, whereby a larger heating surface is obtained. These plates are
united at the corners, and are also connected to the upper and lower tube-boxes.
The bottom of the furnace is of the form of an inverted truncated pyramid, and is
supported by ledges or projections on the side plates; it is furnished with an ash
pit opening, through which the grate and hearth plates are accessible for manage-
ment and repairs. The hearth plates are pierced with holes, through which air is
admitted to effect the combustion of the gases from the fuel. This arrangement
not only economises fuel, but also serves to protect the principal parts of the
apparatus, namely, the hearth plates and the side plates of the furnace, from
attaining such a temperature as would rapidly destroy them.

page_text: The furnace door and the ash pit door are both formed on the front plate of the
furnace. The grate is carried upon central pivots, round which by the aid of a
key or handle it can be turned or capsized to empty the furnace. A damper is
provided in the chimney pipe for regulating the draught, and also to close the
chimney and retain the heat when the fire is burnt out.
There are also registers, which if needful serve to admit the products of com-
bustion direct into the chimney. The products of combustion rise from the hearth
to the upper tube-box, where they divide and descend through tubes to the lower
tube-box, from which through other tubes they rise and pass to the chimney.
The lower tube-box rests on a bottom plate, which forms a pedestal for the
whole apparatus. In this is placed if required a bowl of water to moisten the air
that is being beated. Through an opening in the bottom plate the cold air enters
the apparatus, from which it is afterwards emitted, either directly or by a system
of distributing pipes. The air opening may be in connection with a conduit
extending to a place where pure air is to be obtained, or it may be in connection
with a system of ventilating pipes. Registers or valves may be arranged in the
opening for regulating the current of cold air.
In an arrangement especially constructed for workshops and manufactories the
current of cold air from without is excluded, and in its stead the air in the room
is caused to pass through tubes which are fixed through the lower tube-box, and
thus gain access to the inner air chamber of the apparatus.
For smaller places an apparatus may be used with tubes and furnace cast in one
piece, but in other respects like the arrangements hereinabove described. It may
be formed of parts placed upon each other above the lower tube-box to the
required height, the upper tube-box constituting the last part and forming a
termination, whereby the whole is finished. The air entering the apparatus at the
base is quickly heated by the warmth radiated from the furnace and tubes, and
expanding passes between the tubes and rises to the upper part of the apparatus,
from which it continues through heating pipes, either horizontal or vertical, or
both, and streams forth into that or those rooms which are to be heated.
The air chamber, vessol, or vault may be of brick, cast iron, sheet iron, or any
other inaterial that will exclude the outer air and prevent the escape of the inner
warmth.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Carl Lars Friedländer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th November 1881.
CARL LARS FRIEDLÄNDER, Proprietor of Works, of Jönköping, in the
Kingdom of Sweden. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING DWELLING HOUSES,
HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC., ETC."
This Invention has for object improvements in stoves or apparatus for heating
dwelling-houses, hospitals, schools, churches, and other buildings, and has reference
to the use (in an air chamber, vessel, or vault) of a peculiar furnace terminating
in a box or receptacle connected with a tube box, from which the products of
combustion are led through tubes to a second tube-box, and thence through other
tubes, and finally to the chimney. Cold air is admitted at the bottom of the air
chamber, vessel, or vault in which it is heated by contact with and radiation from
the furnace and tubes. It traverses the apparatus and is emitted therefrom either
directly or by a system of distributing pipes.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical section in
line C, D, of Fig. 5, of an apparatus for heating dwelling houses, hospitals, schools,
churches, &c., according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical section in line E, F,
Fig. 5 Fig. 5 is a horizontal section in line A, B, Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a section of the
upper tube box in line J, K, Fig. 2; Figs. 3 and 4 shew modifications of the lower
part of the apparatus.
L is the furnace, which in this apparatus consists of four plates, which if
desirable can be furnished with projecting ribs at the sides, whereby a larger
heating surface is obtained. These plates are united by means of screws at the
corners, and are also connected to the lower tube box N, N, at a, a, (Fig. 5) and to
the upper tube box O, O, at b, b, (Figs. 1 and 2). The bottom of the furnace c, c,
(Figs. 1 and 5) is of the form of an inverted truncated pyramid, and is supported by
ledges or projections 9 on the side plates M, M; it is furnished with an ashpit
opening g, through which the grate d and hearth plates e, c, (Figs. 1 and 2) are
accessible for management and repairs. The bearth plates e, e, which form the
hearth for the fuel are pierced with holes, through which air is admitted to effect
the combustion of the gases from the fuel. This arrangement not only economises
fuel, but also serves to protect the principal parts of the apparatus, namely, the
sideplates of the furnace, from attaining such a temperature as would rapidly
destroy them. The hearth plates also are protected by the constant current of cold
air froin the ash pit, which, as shewn by the arrows, makes its way to the fire-
place through the abovementioned holes. Fig. 2 shews the position of the fire
door opening f, which is united to the front plate of the stove, and also the
entrance g to the ash pit. The grate d is carried upon central pivots, round which
by the aid of a key or handle on the square it can be turned or capsized to
empty the furnace."
A damper is provided in the chimney pipe for regulating
the draught, and also to close the chimney and retain the heat when the fire is
burnt out. h, k, are registers, which if needful serve to admit the products of
combustion direct into the chimney P (see the forked arrow in Fig. 6).
products of combustion rise from the hearth m (Figs. 1 and 2) to the upper tube
box 0, 0, where they divide and descend through tubes R, R, on both sides to the
lower tube box N, N, from which through other tubes S, S, they rise and pass to
the chimney P. The lower tube-box N, N, rests on a bottom plate, which forms a
pedestal for the whole apparatus. In this is placed a bowl for holding water u
if desirable to moisten the air that is being heated. Through the opening w above
the pipe in the bottom plate the cold air enters the apparatus, from which it is
afterwards in a heated condition emitted cither directly or by a system of
The

page_text: distributing pipes. The air opening may be in connection with a conduit
extending to a place where pure air is to be obtained, or it may be in connection
with a system of ventilating pipes. Registers or valves may be arranged in the
pipe for regulating the current of cold air, as shewn in Figs 2, 3, and 4.
Fig. 4 shews an arrangement especially constructed for workshops and manu-
factories, with a view if required to exclude the current of cold air from without
by the register v, and in its stead the air in the room is caused to pass through the
tubes y, y, which are fixed through the lower tube box, and thus gain access to the
inner air chamber of the apparatus.
a
For smaller places, that is to say, where direct heating is required, either in the
apartment in which the apparatus is crected or in its immediate neighbourhood, an
apparatus inay be used with tubes and furnace cast in one piece (see Figs. 7 and 8,
where the letters of reference have the same signification as in the previous
Figures), but in other respects like the arrangements hereinabove described. It
may be formed of parts placed upon each other above the lower tube-box to the
required height, the upper tube-box constituting the last part and forming
termination whereby the whole is finished. It is obvious that when the apparatus
is shown circular in form, as in Figs. 7 and 8, then the upper and lower tube boxes
are also circular. Independent of this the apparatus can have any convenient
form and size. The air, as shewn by the feathered arrows, entering the apparatus
at the base by the pipe and through the opening w, w, is quickly heated by the
warmth radiated from the furnace and tubes and expanding passes between the
tubes through the openings z, z, in the plates M, M, and rises to the upper part of
the apparatus, from which it continues through heating pipes, either horizontal or
vertical, or both, and streams forth into that or those rooms which are to be
heated.
The air chamber, vessel, or vault, as well as the walls W, W, may be of brick,
cast iron, sheet iron, or any other material that will exclude the outer air and
prevent the escape of the inner warmth.
The constructive arrangement of the apparatus may be considerably varied
without departing from the principle of my Invention; for instance, when local
circumstances will not admit of vertical apparatus similar arrangements may be
used for horizontal ones.
By the use of my apparatus instead of obtaining only radiated heat as from
heating apparatus of other constructions, there is obtained fresh, pure, and
agreeably heated air, and in addition to this in a very short time the temperature
of a room can be raised from 32° up to 85° or 100° Fahrenheit; the air can also, if
desirable, be mingled by means of the water reservoir with watery vapour.
These apparatus also counteract draughts from without and cause the warmth
at floor and ceiling to be nearly alike, or so that the difference of temperature may
be not more than about 2° or 3°. Special pipes connected beneath the flooring may
be employed to carry off gases, and which pipes constantly or from time to time
can be left open to promote ventilation, every room having its own separate warmn
and cold air pipe.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and explained the
manner in which it is to be or may be carried into effect, I would have it
understood that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as
secured to me under the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited is,-
1. In apparatus of the kind above described for heating dwelling houses,
hospitals, churches, etcetera, etcetera, providing for admission of cold air below the
furnace and plates e by the central inlet æ, arranged substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying Drawings.
2. In connection with the central inlet a, furnace and plate c, the inlet w, with
or without a register, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
3. In combination with the side plates M, the loose perforated fire plates e, e,
substantially as described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: 4. Providing the lower tube box with air inlet pipes y, y, substantially as
described and shewn.
5. In combination with the furnace and lower tube box N, the water
box u, arranged substantially as described with reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
6. The arrangement, substantially as described, of the system of tubes, whereby
the products of combustion from the furnace are conducted to the chimney.
7. The peculiar system or arrangement of dampers that enables the products of
combustion to be conducted directly to the chimney, substantially as described
with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
8. The combination of parts constituting the improved apparatus for heating
dwelling houses, schools, churches, etcetera, etcetera, constructed, arranged, and
operating substantially as described and shown.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Lars Friedländer, have hereunto set
iny hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
CARL LARS FRIEDLANDER. (L.S.)