Improvements in Fastenings for Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd May, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fastenings for Pneumatic Tyres.
We, JOHN MARSHALL STARLEY and WILLIAM STARLEY, both of St. John's
Works, Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Cycle Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
--
Our invention relates to the manner in which we construct and arrange fasten-
ings for securing pneumatic tyres in position upon wheels, for use upon cycles and
other purposes. The object of our invention being to make a simple and quick
method of attaching pneumatic tyres to the rims of the wheels without requiring
any canvas or supplementary covering for the purpose.
In carrying our invention into effect when attaching a pneumatic tyre to an
ordinary rim of a cycle wheel, we form upon the tyre's outer envelope a pocket-
piece or loop piece, which we cause to run round the entire circumference of each
side of the tyre: these loops or pockets we make in one with the material of the
tyres or we attach them to the tyre by cementing, glueing or stitching.
Within each of the loops or continuous pockets we perforate four holes in suit-
able positions for enabling our fastening wires to pass through into the pockets.
We secure the outer cover of tyre (thus provided with loops or pockets suitably
pierced) by means of four steel or other strong and hard metal wires, the ends
of the wires passing in through one hole within the loop on one side of it, and out
by passing through the corresponding hole upon the opposite side thereof. Thus
one binding wire does not pass completely round the loop, and its ends remain out-
side and quite free so that by pulling these together the loop may be drawn tightly
down upon the ordinary rim of the wheel. To completely press home and very
effectually secure the tyre, we employ two such free ended wires for entering into
each of the looped ends of the tyre, thus some portions of the loops have two wires
lying within them and no portion is entirely without the band or hoop of wire to
pull it into position when the outer free ends are joined together.
We unite the outer loose ends of the fastening wires together by means of nuts,
hooks, loops, clips or other ordinary coupling devices employed for uniting two
metal ends together, and we cause the outer portion of the wire rings or hoops
thus brought together to lie upon the rim of the wheel, in such a manner that when
the inner tube and its outer tyre is inflated in the usual manner, the outer
portions of the wire fastenings are completely protected and covered by the tyre
material.
Instead of causing the free outer ends of our metal fastening wires to lie upon
the rim, we sometimes provide openings within the rim and carry the ends of the
wires through the same for receiving nuts or coupling hooks or fastenings for
securing them to the wheel rim upon the outside instead of upon the inner portion
as hereinbefore described.
To enable the wires to be coupled we sometimes pull their ends together by
suitable tools.

page_text: improvements in Fastenings for Pneumatic Tyres.
We, JOHN MARSHALL STARLEY and WILLIAM STARLEY, both of St. John's
Works, Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Cycle Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention relates to the manner in which we construct and arrange fasten-
ings for securing pneumatic tyres in position upon wheels, for use upon cycles and
other purposes.
The object of our invention being to make a simple and quick
method of attaching pneumatic tyres to the rims of the wheels without requiring
any canvas or supplementary covering for the purpose.
:-
In the two accompanying sheets of explanatory drawings:-
Figure 1 and Figure 14 are diagrammatic elevations of an outer cover for a
pneumatic tyre, with our fastening wires in position.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the rim and tyre showing a half section taken
on the line ab and a similar half section taken on the line cd.
Figures 3 to 10 show details of some of the methods of fastening or uniting the
ends of the wires which we employ.
In carrying our invention into effect when constructing a pneumatic tyre for
attachment to an ordinary rim of a cycle wheel, we form upon the tyre's outer
envelope A, a pocket piece or loop piece B, which we cause to run round the entire
circumference of each side of the tyre; these loops or pockets we make in one with
the material of the tyres, or we attach them to the tyre by cementing, glueing or
stitching.
Within each of the loops or continuous pockets we perforate holes B¹ B³ B³ B¹
in Figure 1, and B5 B6 in Figure 1 in suitable positions for enabling our
fastening wires C C¹ to pass through into the pockets B. We secure the outer
cover of the tyre (thus provided with loops or pockets suitably pierced) by means
of steel or other strong and hard metal wires C C1 C2 C³, CC; one of the wires
passing in through one hole, B' Figure 1 within the loop B on one side of it, and
passing out through the corresponding hole B2 upon the opposite side thereof.
Thus one binding wire C does not pass completely round the loop, but its ends
project through and remain outside the loop from a¹ to a² and a² to a³ and are quite
free, so that by pulling these together the loop may be drawn tightly down upon
the ordinary rim of the wheel. To completely press home and very effectually
secure the tyre, we employ two such free ended wires for entering into each of the
looped ends of the tyre, making four single wires for each tyre, one pair of ends
passing out from a¹ to a³ and the other companion pair out from a to aⓇ as shown
in Figure 1, thus some portions of the loops have two wires lying within them and
no portion is entirely without the band or hoop of wire to pull it into position when
the outer free ends are joined together. By this arrangement of double wire
attachment to each side of the tyre, we provide great security against loosening of
the tyre upon the rim. We unite or connect the ends of the wires to the rim of
the wheel and we prefer to so connect them that the two ends may enter the
same hole or opening within the rim, and we carry the ends of the wires through
the opening sometimes for receiving nuts or coupling hooks or fastenings for
securing them to the wheel rim upon the outside.
We fasten the wire ends to the rim in one convenient manner as shown in
Figures 3 and 4 by making a semi-circular or other button or enlarged end G G'
upon each end of the wire loop so that when brought together they may enter
and fill one cylindrical or other hole formed within the rim."

page_text: In Figure 5 we illustrate another method of end jointing, in which we provide a
recess or a pressed out bed or channel for the end pieces to enter, or we place an
eyelet H, within the rim as shown at Figure 6 in order that the stud or enlarged
ends G G may have a good surface to engage with them in position upon the
rim.
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 show other methods of uniting the ends of the wires
which we sometimes adopt, by making a stud H to enter an eye K, or we arrange
an india-rubber pass piece L with cover plate M as shown in Figures 9 and 10.
We sometimes employ two wires C C as shown in Figure 1A, and we then
cause one wire to pass half round within the pocket or loop from B³ to B* and then
to leave the pocket by the openings at B and B and remain outside the loop upon
the rim, the ends being attached to the rim at E F in the manner hereinbefore
described. In this arrangement one half of each wire is inside the pocket, and
one half outside upon the rim.
We do not limit the application of our invention to any particular system or
method of jointing and attaching the ends, although we find the methods herein-
before described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings very convenient
forms to adopt. Thus we may sometimes unite the outer loose ends of the
fastening wires together by means of nuts, hooks, loops, clips, or other ordinary
coupling devices employed for uniting two metal ends together, and we cause the
outer portion of the wire rings or hoops thus brought together to lie upon the rim
of the wheel, in such a manner that when the inner tube and its outer tyre is
inflated in the usual manner, the outer portions of the wire fastenings are com-
pletely protected and covered by the tyre material.
To enable the wires to be coupled we sometimes pull their ends together by
suitable tools.
We modify our attachments and couplings to suit any form of rim or tyre which
it may be desired to employ upon the wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination of a pair of wires with a loop or bag formed upon or attached
to the outer covering of a tyre for securing each side of the tyre upon or to the
rim of a cycle or other wheel, substantially as hereinbefore described, and as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a pneumatic tyre the construction and arrangement of a pair of loops,
pockets or bags having openings to permit of four fastening or securing wires being
passed into and around or partly round the outer tyre, for securing it in position
upon the wheel rim, substantially as herein before described and as illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
3. In a pneumatic tyre the arrangement of four fastening or securing wires
having their ends brought out of the tyre or cover loops or bags which contain
them, and having these free ends secured to the rim of the wheel or fastened
together to rest within the wheel, for securing the tyre to the wheel rim substantially
as herein before described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1894.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.