IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKS AND STOCKINGS."
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Skallitzky, Manufacturer, of Vienna, in
Austria, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SOCKS AND STOCKINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Skallitzky at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1858.
I, WILLIAM SKALLITZKY, Manufacturer, of Vienna, in Austria, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SOCKS AND STOCKINGS," to be as follows:-
Fig. I. The said socks of woven stuff comprise three distinct parts, viz., the
main part A covering the sole, the heel, the upper part of the foot, & the outside
of the leg above the ancle, and further, the two accessory parts B & C covering
the inner part of the leg. The said three pieces are sewn together and form
a sock which fits close around the foot, without the slightest inconvenience
being caused by the presence of the seam.
In order to have these socks made so as to fit close to the foot, measure is
to be taken of the whole length of the sole, from the tip of the great toe to
above the roundness of the heel, this being the length of the sock, & further
is to be measured the circumference around the palm, and also that around
the heel & instep, which measures will furnish the breadth of the sock;&

page_text: there is, moreover, to be added both in the length & breadth a double seam,
wide of one centimeter (about two-fifths of an inch).
The stuff must be lengthwise folded double, and on its border the sole's
length marked a, b, and then against ba perpendicular line b,, is to be
drawn, after which trace one-third of the length by a parallel line c, d, to
make up the sole's breadth. The fore part of the sole is to be cut round
towards the outward line, in order to mark out the toe of the foot by means of
a semi-diameter of one-sixth of the sole's length; the hind part of the heel
is divided & cut out by the same semi-diameter into two quadrants joining at
e, & thus the sole is prepared. Now, at the first third part of the sole's length
at f, & beginning at the border, the breadth of the foot around the palm f, g,
is to be set down, and the same is to be done at the inner end of the rounded
tip (or toe), in order to fix the sole's breadth at the tip of the upper part i, k,
by drawing an oblique line l, m, through the said two points k & g; the same
semi diameter aforesaid will serve to round off the upper part at its tip c, l, k, i.
The line p, o, dividing the upper part i, c, l, m, k, d, breadthwise in two equal
parts, its middle is to be marked lengthwise (p), and from the middle of the
heel quadrant e, d, following a diagonal line towards the middle of the upper
part, the measure of the semicircumference going around the heel & instep is
marked q, r. From p through r is drawn a line, bending at first but after-
wards straight & perpendicular going to the opposite end of the stuff, and
precising the intersection points, which is connected by a straight line with
the middle point p of the upper part. The height of the sock from above the
ancle up to the calf of the leg is designated by a line parallel to the sole
running from s, and described by s, t. Thus is the main part A conformably
to the draft cut out of the stuff, & from this is cut out the piece s, p, r
Now, if this part is folded lengthwise in the middle of the upper part and
of the sole, there will already appear the shape of the sock, but the inner part
or side of the hind part destined to cover the leg will still be wanting; this
part is therefore to be covered by the piece. B cut out of the stuff, according
to the sketch s, r, p, h, t, and by the third part C cut after the sketch u, h, t, d;
these three pieces being cut from the stuff, the part B is to, be sewn along the
line p, h, to the piece A on the side p, s, likewise the part C to the part B at
the point h, both by a seam as high as two centimeters (or four-fifths of an
inch). After this the sock must be sewn, at first along the line p, r, s,
afterwards the upper part is to be sewn together with the sole, and, lastly, the
heel along the line e, q, d, t. The pieces C & B arc. to be left open at the
sides h, u, and h, t, as also the upper border s, u, t.;. they are to be edged only
at this spot, to facilitate the gliding of the foot into the sock. On the part B

page_text: at about the middle of its height, a button-hole or loop is to be made corre-
sponding to a flat button, sewn on the part C in the same direction with the
loop, whereby the sock will fit closely & firmly to the leg.
Fig. II. If the socks are wanted to go higher up the leg, as high as stock-
ings reaching above the knee, in such a case the continuation of the said three
parts, beginning from the line s, t, must be cut & sewn together conformably
to the formation of the leg & calf in the same way & manner as is used with
gaiters, the whole being closed up with buttons.
Fig. III. There is another kind of low socks manufactured after the samẹ
cut as the high ones; they are made of one piece having the shape of high shoes
covering the foot up to the ancle; to this end the drawing is to be made first,
according to the measure of the foot's length & breadth, but the parts B & C
and the excision p, r, s, being of no use here the corresponding lines &
draughts are naturally left out. On the other part there is indicated on the
oblique line l, m, beginning at the point k, a length i, d, and the point y
determined by it is connected with the point d by a straight line. The middle
line of the upper part p, w, is divided in four parts, and the fourth or
hindmost part or quarter is divided by a straight cut w, x, and the third
quarter is divided like a tongue by two cuts diverging from a, whereby the
gap of the sock is formed to let the foot slip in. The upper part is now to be
sewn together with the sole, and afterwards the heel is sewn to the hind part,
while the incisions made in the upper part are left open & only edged.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said William Skallitzky
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SKALLITZKY, Manufacturer, of Vienna, in Austria, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters,
Patent; bearing date the (19th) Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself,: Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Skallitzky, Her special licence that I, the said William Skallitzky,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Skallitzky, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to times and at all times thereafter.
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKS AND STOCKINGS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Skallitzky, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Skallitzky, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing socks or stockings out of any woven
material, such as linnen, calico, silk, flannel, and others, and which said socks
or stockings, owing to their peculiar cut and adjustment, cover the foot in a
perfect manner.
Figure I. The said socks or stockings of woven stuff's comprise three distinct
parts; namely, the main part A (Figure I.), covering the sole, the heel, the upper
part of the foot, and the outside of the leg above the ancle; and further, the
two accessory parts B and C, (Figure I.) covering the inner part of the leg:
The said three pieces are sewn together and form a sock, which fits close
around the foot, without the slightest inconvenience being caused by the
presence of the seam.
In order to have these socks made so as to fit close to the foot, measure is to
be taken of the whole length of the sole, from the tip of the great toe to above
the roundness of the heel, this being the length of the sock; and further, is to
be measured the circumference around the palm of the foot, and also that
around the heel and instep, which measures will furnish the breadth of the
sock; and there is moreover to be added, both in the length and the breadth
a double seams width of one centimeter (about two-fifths of an inch).
The stuff must be folded double, lengthwise, and on its border, the soles'
length, marked a, b, and then against b, a perpendicular line b, z, is to be
drawn; after which trace one-third of the length by a parallel line c, d, to
make up the sole's breadth. The fore part of the sole is to be cut round
towards the outward line, in order to mark out the toe of the foot, by means of a
semi-diameter of one-sixth of the sole's length; the hind part of the heel is
divided and cut out by the same sėmi-diameter into two quadrants, joining at
e, and thus the sole is prepared. Now, at the first third part of the sole's

page_text: length at f, and beginning at the border, the breadth of the foot around the
palm f, g, is to be set down, and the same is to be done at the inner end of
the rounded tip or toe, in order to fix the sole's breadth at the tip of the upper
part i, k, by drawing an oblique line l, m, through the said two points k and g.
The same semidiameter aforesaid will serve to round off the upper part at its
tip c, l, k, i. The line p, o, dividing the upper part i, c, l, m, k, d, breadthwise
in two equal parts, its middle is to be marked lengthwise (p), and from the
middle of the heel quadrant e, d, following a diagonal line towards the middle
of the upper part, the measure of the semi-circumference going around the
heel and instep is marked q, r. From p, through r, is drawn a line bending
at the first, but afterwards straight and perpendicular, going to the opposite
end of the stuff, and precising the intersection point s, which is connected by
a straight line with the middle point p of the upper. part. The height of the
sock from the angle up to the calf of the leg is designated by a line parallel
to the sole, running from s, and described by s, t. Thus is the main part A
cut out of the stuff, and from this is cut out the piece s, p, r.
Figure II. Now, if this part is folded lengthwise in the middle of the
upper part and of the sole, there will already appear the shape of the sock;
but the inner part or side of the hind part destined to cover the leg, will
still be wanting. This part is, therefore, 'to be covered by the piece B, cut
out of the stuff according to the sketch s, r, p, h, t, and by the third part
C, cut as in the sketch u, h, t, d; these three pieces being cut from the
stuff, the part B is to be sewn along the line p, h, to the piece A on the
side p,s; likewise the part C to the part B, at the point 7, both by a seam
as high as two centimeters, or four-fifths of an inch. After this the sock
must be sewn at first along the line p, r, s,; afterwards, the upper part
is to be sewn together with the sole; and lastly, the heel along the line
s, q, d, t; the pieces B and C are to left open at the sides h, u, and
h, t, as also the upper border's, u, t, they are to be edged only at this spot to
Ofacilitate the gliding of the foot into the sock. On the part B, at about the
middle of its height, a button-hole or loop is to be made corresponding to a flat
button sewn on the part C, whereby the sock will fit closely and firmly to the
leg. If the socks are wanted to reach higher up the leg, like stockings do,
the continuation of the said three parts beginning from the line s, t, must be
cut and sewn together, conformably to the formation of the calf and leg, in the
same way and manner as is done with gaiters, the whole being closed up with
buttons.
Figure III. There is another kind of low sock, made after the same cut as
the high ones; they are made of one piece; having the shape of-high shoes,

page_text: covering the foot up to the ancle; to this end the design is to be made (as
before);. according to the measure of the foot's length and breadth; but the
parts B and C, and the excision p, r, s, being of no use.here, the corresponding
lines and drafts are naturally left out; a length i, d, however, is indicated on the
oblique line l, m, beginning at the point kc, and the point y determined by it, is
connected with the point d by a straight line. The middle line of the upper
part p, w, is divided in four parts; and the fourth or hindmost quarter is
divided by a straight cut w, a, and the third part or quarter is divided like a
tongue by two diverging cuts from a, whereby the gap of the sock is formed
to let the foot slip in.. The upper part is now to be sewn together with the
sole, and afterwards the heel is sewn to the hind part, while the incisions made
on the upper part are left open and only edged.
In witness whereof, the said William Skallitzky has hereunto set his
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our
Lord Eighteen hundred and fifty-eight.
WILLIAM SKALLITZKY. (L.S.)
I certify herewith, that Mr. William
Skallitzky has signed and sealed
the above document before me.
Vieña, 23d August, 1858.
In absence of the Vice-Consul.
L.S.
JAMES BRANDEIS,
Acting Vice-Consul.