Improvements in Machinery and Process for Scouring, Bleaching, Dyeing, and otherwise Treating Yarn and other Spun Fibrous Materials in Cops, or in similar Compact Forms.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1896-Accepted, 12th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery and Process for Scouring, Bleaching,
Dyeing, and otherwise Treating Yarn and other Spun Fibrous
Materials in Cops, or in similar Compact Forms.
I WALTER HEPWORTH-COLLINS of Bradford Buildings Bolton in the County
of Lancaster, an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
Professional Chemist and Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows :--
My invention relates to improvements in machinery and process for scouring,
bleaching, dyeing and otherwise treating yarn and other spun fibrous materials in
cops or in similar compact form.
The essential feature of these improvements is the forcing of the treating
liquid to and fro through the cops while the cops are moved backwards and
forwards by a piston actuated by hydraulic power, electricity, compressed air or
ordinary mechanical means.
My apparatus or machinery consists of
1. A chamber of any suitable metal and shape carefully bored to receive a
piston.
2. A piston rod passing through the bottom end cover of such chamber which
is fitted with the usual gland and stuffing box to receive such piston rod.
3. Any known apparatus whether steam coil, jacket, or otherwise may be used
for heating the treating liquid.
4. A piston which consists of four arms, a boss to which the piston rod is
attached, and an outer ring in which piston, rings are embedded, so as to effect
a perfect sliding contact with the sides of the cylinder or chamber referred to in
paragraph 1.
5. A piston-plate or cop carrier, to be attached to the piston mentioned in
paragraph 4, and perforated for the reception of perforated or otherwise suitable
spindles carrying the cops.
6. The top and bottom of the chamber are connected by means of an outside
pipe which contains an adjustable valve (which may be automatic or otherwise
in its action) for controlling the flow of liquor from above to below the piston, or
vice versa.
7. A movable lid is fitted on to the top of the chamber with a perfect water-
tight joint and such lid is secured by ordinary mechanical means.
8. The apparatus is fitted with the usual and necessary valves, guages and
pipe connections.
The method of working the machine or apparatus is as follows:-
(a) The cops are placed on the perforated or otherwise suitable spindles
which are then affixed to the piston plate or cop carrier described in paragraph 5.
(b) The piston plate or cop carrier is then attached to the piston.
(c) The treating liquid is introduced into the chamber.
(d) The motive power is then set in operation and on the downward stroke of
the piston the liquid is forced up through the perforated or otherwise suitable
spindler, and thus through the cops; and the upward stroke will create a vacuum
with the result that the liquid will pass through the cops and hollow spindles back

page_text: again into the lower part of the chamber. This operation can be continued as
long as found necessary, or it may be modified as follows:-
Instead of forcing the liquid to and fro through the cops it may be forced in
one direction only by arranging the adjustable or automatic valve described in
paragraph 6, to operate and control the flow of liquid in one direction only, and
in this event the machine may be worked with or without the lid referred to in
paragraph 7.
The machine or apparatus has been described as constructed in a vertical
position but it is equally applicable when horizontal or inverted.
I may modify the above described apparatus by attaching tubes, closed at their
upper extremities and of any suitable section, vertically to a piston plate prepared
to receive them, and affixing this plate to the piston ring in a similar way to that
adopted in the case of the cop carrier described in paragraph 5. Or I may fix
such plate permanently and provide an ordinary mechanical contrivance for main-
taining such tubes in proper or suitable position in such plate or carrier, and from
which they may be readily detached when required.
In the event of this modification the perforated or otherwise suitable spindles
carrying the cops are attached in a horizontal or inclined position to perforations
prepared to receive them in the vertical tubes, and the apparatus is then worked
as before mentioned. By this modification I am enabled to treat a considerably
larger number of cop..
Dated this Tenth day of February 1896.
WALTER HEPWORTH-COLLINS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery and Process for Scouring, Bleaching,
Dyeing, and otherwise Treating Yarn and other Spun Fibrous
Materials in Cops, or in similar Compact Forms.
I, WALTER HEPWORTH-COLLINS of Bradford. Buildings Bolton in the County
of Lancaster, an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
Professional Chemist and Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My invention relates to improvements in machinery and process for scouring,
bleaching, dyeing and otherwise treating yarn and other spun fibrous material in
cops or in similar compact form.
The essential feature of the improved machinery is that by the cops being move
through the treating gaseous or liquid matter by a piston actuated by hydraulic
power, by electricity or compressed air, or by ordinary mechanical means, such
treating gaseous or liquid matter passes through the cops.
The objects of my invention are to provide a rapid and economical means for
scouring, bleaching dyeing and otherwise similarly treating yarn, thread, and
other spun fibrous materials in cops or other similar compact form without
necessitating their being unwound and converted into "hanks" or "bundles."
Another object of my invention is to provide a simple and readily worked
machine which can be constructed in very varying sizes as e.g. to take any number
of cops from five upwards, which machine will meet the actual requirements of
smaller or larger manufacturers of textile fabrics in such a way as to obviate
in the case of smaller manufacturers the necessity of sending their yarns to be
scoured, bleached, dyed or otherwise treated in separate establishments.
Moreover my machine can be used for "boiling," "preparing," "washing off,"
impregnating, digesting, drying and carbonizing yarn or thread or other spun
fibrous materials in cops or similar compact form.

page_text: y appara
reference to the drawings appended hereto :-
In Fig. I which is a sectional elevation of my machine;
a, is a chamber of iron or steel or any other suitable metal accurately bored to
receive a piston :
b, is a piston consisting of four arms, a rim, and a boss to which the piston
rod d is attached:
61 and 62, are piston rings for securing a perfect sliding contact between b
and a:
c, is a piston-plate or cop carrier to be attached by ordinary mechanical means
with a
perfect water-tight joint to the piston b, and perforated for the reception
of perforated or other suitable spindles for carrying the cops.
d, is a piston rod passing through the bottom cover of a, which is fitted with the
usual gland and stuffing box to receive it :
e, is a steam coil or other similar apparatus for heating the treating liquid
or gas.
f, is the base-plate or bottom cover of a, to which a, is bolted or otherwise
secured in such a way as to form a perfect water-tight joint:
دل
is an inlet pipe for introducing the treating liquid or gas into a :
h, is an outlet for withdrawing or regulating the quantity of treating matter
in a; it is obvious that g and h may be fixed at any convenient points of a:
i, is a lid or cover which when secured on to a, forms with it a water-tight joint.
This, as also the cop carrier c, may be readily manipulated or removed from a, by
a small hydraulic or electrical crane, or by means of a chain or lever and balance
weights or other suitable mechanical means:
1, is the gland or stuffing box in f:
o, is a stout glass tube connecting the upper and lower portions of a, and
provided with a tap at its upper and lower extremity and operating as a gauge in
which the character of the treating liquid can be readily seen and also indicating
when the machine is in operation, how the liquid is being forced through the
material under treatment:
Fig. 2 is a plan of the piston Fig. 1 b.
Fig. 3, is a sectional elevation of the piston, Fig. 1 b, and of the cop carrier
Fig. 1 c, in position showing one method of securing c to b, with a water-tight
joint. The cop carrier e, is provided with back pressure valves as shewn in this
figure, such valves being so adjustable as to permit of their being independently
regulated at will so as to allow them to be in operation or closed entirely as may
be desired.
Fig. 4, is a plan of the cop carrier Fig. 1 c:
The apparatus as above described is the typical form of my invention and is
employed as follows that is to say :-
1. The cops are placed on the perforated or otherwise suitable spindles which
are then affixed (so as to form water tight joints) to the cop carrier Fig. 1 C.
II. The cop carrier Fig. 1 C, is then attached to the piston Fig. 1 b.
III. The valves in the cop carrier Fig. 1 C, (shown in Fig. 3 C) are opened:
IV. The treating liquid or gaseous matter is introduced so as to nearly fill the
chamber Fig. 1a:
V. The lid Fig. 1 i, is closed:
VI. The motive power is then set in operation, and on the downward stroke of
the piston the valves in Fig. 3 c, close, and the treating matter is forced up through
the spindles and thus through the cops, and on the upward stroke of the piston a
vacuum is formed and the treating matter passes back underneath the piston by
means of the back pressure valves Fig. 3 c: these operations can be continued
regularly or irregularly as long as is deemed necessary.
To use this the typical form of the apparatus for forcing the treating matter
to and fro through the cops the back-pressure valves must be permanently closed
after the treating matter has passed below the piston on its introduction, or if the

page_text: liquid is introduced by an inlet below the piston the valves may be permanently
closed from the first..
The apparatus as above described in its typical form is subject to various
modifications. Fig. 1 besides shewing the typical form shows also one of these
modifications in the additional pipe m, which connects the upper and lower portions
of d, and is provided with a valve n, which may be arranged to open in one
direction only either upwards or downwards according to the direction in which
the treating liquid or gaseous matter is required to pass:
The valve, may be worked automatically by being suitably geared to the
motive power actuating the piston rod d.
The object of this modification is to dispense if necessary with the back pressure
valves or to supplement them by providing an independent and absolutely certain
and controllable valve which will ensure a more or less continuous flow of the
treating liquid or gaseous matter in the desired direction only:
I may further modify the above described machine so as to permit of a larger
number of cops being treated by attaching tubes closed at their upper extremities
and of any suitable section vertically to a piston plate prepared with suitable
perforations to receive them, and affixing this plate to the piston in a similar way
to that adopted in the case of the cop carrier. Or I may fix such plate permanently
and provide an ordinary mechanical contrivance for maintaining such tubes in a
proper or suitable position in such plate, and from which plate they may be readily
detached if required.
In the event of this modification the perforated or otherwise suitable spindles
carrying the cops are attached in a horizontal or inclined position to perforations
prepared to receive them in the hollow vertical tubes and the apparatus is worked
as already described.
In the foregoing description of the working of the apparatus the lid has been
referred to as secured on to the chamber. In certain operations it may be
necessary or desirable to work the apparatus without the lid and this can be done
without any modifications.
The above apparatus both in its typical and in the modified forms herein before
dealt with have been described as constructed in a vertical position but it may by
the employment of ordinary mechanical contrivances be effectually constructed and
used in a horizontal inclined or inverted position.
In addition to the valves and pipe connections herein before described, ordinary
safety valves and pressure gauges are provided together with ordinary pipe con-
nections to allow of proper manipulation, circulation, and removal of the treating
liquid or gaseous matter.
Moreover in cases where the apparatus is exposed to the action of corrosive
liquids or gases the portions so exposed may be coated with any of the well-
known protective substances metallic or otherwise suitable for the particular
case.
The apparatus in its typical form or in any of the modifications herein described
may be arranged in series of two three or more machines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is:
1. The improved apparatus as herein substantially described for scouring
bleaching dyeing and otherwise treating yarn and other spun fibrous materials in
cops or in similar compact form wherein by the material under treatment being
moved through the treating liquid or gaseous matter the liquid or gaseous matter
passes to and fro through the material.
2. A modification as herein substantially described of the apparatus referred to
in paragraph 1 of the claim by which by the material under treatment being moved
through the treating liquid or gaseous matter the latter passes through the material
in one direction only.

page_text: 3. A modification as herein substantially described of either of the apparatus
referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of the claim in which the spindles for carrying
the cops are affixed into tubes instead of directly into the piston plate or cop
carrier.
4. The combination of two, three or more of the apparatus referred to in
paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of the claim arranged in series.
Dated this Twenty-ninth day of July 1896.
WALTER HEPWORTH-COLLINS.