AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER
OF STEAM ENGINES" A communication from abroad by Francis Bowes
aled the 4th March 1862, and dated the 10th October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his l'etition, ou
the 10th October 1861.
L, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTOx, of the Office for Patents. 66, Chancery
Lane. in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING
THE FEED WATER OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows: -
The object of this Invention is to heat the feed water of those condensing or
non-condensing engines where the steam is used expansively, and this is
effected by withdrawing a portion of the steam from the steam side of the
piston, when the piston is not far from the end of its stroke, but before the
exhaust valve begins to open, and by using this steam so withdrawn to heat the
feed water in a vessel closed against the atmosphere. The steam is withdrawn

page_text: by means of additional valves placed at the ends of the cylinder, and these
valves are worked by the engine, and made to open and close in a regulated
length of time. This time commences after the steam from the boiler to the
cylinder has been cut off, and ends when the exhaust valve commences to open.
The steam thus withdrawn passes into a separate vessel closed against the
atmosphere, which vessel is called the heater, and into this heater is injected
the feed water; and then when heated it is withdrawn by a pump in the same
manner that the water is withdrawn by the air pump from the condenser of an
ordinary low-pressure engine, and after being thus withdrawn, it is forced
into the boiler.
The present Invention applies to those condensing engines in which the
steam from the boiler to the cylinder is intercepted before the completion of
the stroke of the piston, and the features of novelty sought to be protected
are: -
Firstly, the use of additional valves communicating with each end of the
cylinder of the steam engine, and opened and closed by machinery attached to
the engine in a regulated period of time: this period commencing after the
steam from the boiler to the cylinder has been intercepted, and ending before
the exhaust valve of the engine begins to open: also the combination if these
valves with a heater communicating with the cylinder by the additional valves,
but closed against the atmosphere, and also with a pump for withdrawing the
water from this closed heater after it has been injected into it, either by the
pressure of the atmosphere or by an injection pump; this combination being
for the purpose of heating the feed water of steam engines.
Secondly, forcing the water when withdrawn from the closed heater into the
boiler without allowing it to communicate with the atmosphere, so that the
feed water when heated above 212° Fahrenheit can be pumped into the boiler
without having its temperature diminished.
Thirdly, in connection with heating the feed water in the manner described,
another feature of novelty consists in the application of a weight on the delivery
valve of the pump that injects the water into the heater, or else in opening
and closing this delivery valve by machinery, so that an undue quantity of
water may not enter the heater when a vacuum is formed there.
Fourthly, in connection with heating the feed water in the manner described,
and for the purpose of withdrawing the heated water from the heater, another
improvement consists in the application of a plunger pump for delivering the
water through the plunger and through a valve placed in it into a pipe or
chamber, the plunger being packed by one stufling box at the top of the pump,
and also by another stufling box at the entrance of the pipe or chamber.

page_text: Fifthly, the use of dishes placed in the heater, so as to expose a great
quantity of surface of water to the sicam.
Sixthly, placing a cock or valve in the delivery pipe between the withdrawing
pump and the check valve on the boiler for the purpose of quickly emptying
the heater of air and water.
Seventhly, retaining the additional valves on their seats by mechanical
means independently of the pressure of the sicam, so that these valves will be
retained on their seats when the pressure is alternately on one side of the
valves and then on the other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 10th April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWrox, of the Office for Patenis. 66. Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex. Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria. by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton. Her special license that J, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as 1. the said William Edward Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators. and assigns. should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED
WATER OF STEAM ENGINES," being a communication from abroad, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say): -
This invention of "An Improved Apparatus for Heating the Feed Water
of Steam Engines" has been communicated to me by my foreign correspondent
in nearly the following words:
It has heretofore been proposed to heat the feed water of steam engine
boilers by means of the steam taken from the induction side of the piston.
The object of the present Invention is to heal the feed water of condensing or
non-condensing engines in which the steam is used expansively. This is
effected by withdrawing a portion of the steam from the induction side of the
piston by means of additional eduction valves after the passage of the steam
from the boiler to the cylinder has been intercepied, but before the end of the
stroke of the piston and before the eduction valve begins in open: by means of
the steam this withdrawn the feed water is heated in a vessel closed against the
atmosphere: these additional eduction valves are opened and closed within the
period of time mentioned. and the feed water is injected into the closed vessel.
which is called the heater; and then, when heated, the water is withdrawn by
a pump in the same manner that the water is withdrawn by the air pump
from the condenser of an ordinary low-pressure engine.
To heat the water in the manner described so that there may be an economy
in the fuel-used by steam engines it is requisite,
First, that the given period of time that the additional valves are open shall
be as short as possible, so that the loss caused by withdrawing the steam from
the cylinder may be as little as possible, and yet that sufficient steam may
pass through a given sized valve in the given period to heat the feed water.
Secondly, the additional valves should be made large enough to allow
sufficient steam to pass through them within the given period to heat the feed
water.
Thirdly, proper machinery should be applied to open and close the additional
valves within the given period.
Fourthly, proper provision should be made that the valves be retained on
their seats.
Fifthly, proper machinery must be applied to inject the feed water into the
heater, and then to withdraw it and force it into the boiler.
In regard to the first requisite, it is evident that if the steam be withdrawn
from the cylinder while the valve communicating with the boiler is open, there
can be no gain in heating the feed water in the manner proposed. It is also
evident that if the steam could be withdrawn instantaneously just before the

page_text: ordinary eduction valve commences in open, there would be no loss in the
diminished pressure on the pision caused by withdrawing this steam; but this
cannot be done in practice. as a certain time is necessary to open and close
ihe additional eduction valves. The gain is therefore the difference between
the gain in heating the feed water and the loss caused by the diminished
pressure on the piston. It has been ascertained thai when the steam is cut
off at half stroke, and when the additional valves are made in hegin to open
shortly after. then the economy can be made much greater than the loss. If
the additional valves do not begin to open until the piston is within a quarier
of its stroke from the bottom, then the proportional gain will be much greater.
In regard to the second requisite. viz.. the necessary size of the valves, this
will depend upon the time allowed to the valves to open and close. as
mentioned in the first requisite, and when this time is given, the size must be
determined by experiment.
From experiments that have been made the following results have been
obiained: The first result was that one double-beat Cornish valve ten inches
in diameter being raised one quarter of its diameter from its seat. and while
the shaft of the engine moved through an are of thirty degrees, and then
lowered in the time the shaft revolved the same number of degrees, the shaft.
of the engine revolving thirty times in a minute, and the steam flowing from
the cylinder into the heater under a pressure of thirty pounds per square inch
above that in the heater. allowed sufficient steam to flow from the cylinder
into the heater to heat five hundred pounds of water to one hundred degrees
Fahrenheit in one minute of time. The second result was. (all the con-
ditions above mentioned being the same, excepting the diameter of the valve.)
that the quantity of water heated one hundred degrees in one minute increased
as the area of the valve increased. The third result was, (all the conditions
first mentioned being the same. excepting the number of times the shaft
revolved in a minute) that the quantity heated one hundred degrees a minute
did not vary, the same quantity being heated one hundred degrees in a minute
when the shaft made one turn in a minute that was heated when it made
thirty turns in a minute. The fourth result was. (all the conditions first
mentioned being the same, excepting the pressure of steam.) that the quantity
of water heated one hundred degrees in a minute was in proportion to the
pressure of steam (counting the pressure above a vacnum) flowing from the
cylinder into the heater. The fifth result was, (all the conditions first mentioned
being the same, excepting the number of degrees of the are) that the quantity
of water heated one hundred degrees in a minute was in proportion to the

page_text: number of degrees of the are: thus, if the valve was made in open and close
while the shaft revolved through an are of twenty-five degrees, instead of
through an are of sixty degrees, then the quantity heated one hundred degrees
in a minute was two hundred and nine pounds, instead of five hundred
pounds.
.
In regard to the third requisite, the machinery that has been applied in
steam engines to open the communication from the boiler to the cylinder, and
then to close it after the piston has moved but a very small portion of its
stroke, is generally applicable to open and close the same description of
valves when used as the additional eduction valves.
In regard to the fourth requisite, viz., the balancing the additional eduction
valves, it is evident that these valves differ from every kind of induction or of
eduction valves used in the steam engine by having the pressure of the steam
alternately on the opposite sides of the valves, the valves being pressed in one
direction by the difference in pressure between the steam in the cylinder and
Thai in the heater, and then on The return stroke being pressed in the opposite
direction by the difference in the pressure between the steam in the heater
and that in the cylinder after the steam has been exhausted into the con-
denser or into the atmosphere. It is necessary, therefore, that provision be
made for retaining the valves on their seats when the pressure is alternately
on the opposite sides of the valves.
In regard to the fifth-requisite, viz., injecting and withdrawing water from
The heater, it is evident (if the temperature in the heater is less than two
hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit) that the water will flow into il
without the intervention of a pump; but when the temperature approaches
two hundred and twelve. the water will flow sluggishly into the heater, and
when the temperature is over two hundred and twelve degrees, it will not
flow into the heater; in such cases a pump called the injection pump is used
to force the water into the heater. The hot water can be withdrawn from the
heater, and forced into the boiler by the ordinary force pump; but it has been
found, by experiment, that the water in the heater will not be heated as readily
when this pump is used as when a lifting pump is used; but as in the
ordinary lifting or air pump the packing of the piston or bucket is inaccessible
when the pump is in motion, it is preferable to use a plunger pump with a
hollow plunger, a valve being placed in this plunger, and the water being
delivered through the valve and plunger, the end of the plunger outside of
the pump having an additional packing where it enters the pipe leading to the
boiler. By this means a lifting pump that will withdraw the air from the

page_text: heater, and at the same time have the packing of the plunger as accessible as
it is in the ordinary plunger feed pump. is obtained. Any form of valve
known can be used for the additional eduction valves, provided that provision
be made to retain them on their seats.
In the accompanying Drawings. Fig. is a longitudinal elevation of the
present improvements. with a slide valve to open and close the additional
eduction valve openings, the slide valve, the heater, the pumps and pipes being
shown in section. Fig. 2 is a horizontal view of the same: Fig. 3 is a cross
section of the slide valve. with its chest, and of the heater. A and B are
valve openings made at each end of the cylinder. and opening from it into the
valve chesi C; D and E are the valve openings in the seat of the valve chest.
opening from the valve chest into the heater: F is a slide moving backwards
and forwards in the valve chest. This valve is made to fit accurately in the
valve chest, and the circular top is packed against the chest so that there is
no pressure on the top of the slide, nor any communication between the two
cuds of the chest. G is a crank that moves the valve F: H is the heater
communicating with the upper end of the cylinder by the additional eduction
valve opening A. and with the lower end by the additional eduction valve B.
I is a pipe leading from the injection pump to the heater: K is the injection
pump for injecting water into the heater: 1. is a weight for loading the
delivery valve in order to prevent the water from being drawn into the heater
in undue quantity whenever a partial vacuum may be formed there. M is
the pipe leading from the heater to the withdrawing pump: X is the with-
drawing pump: 0 is the hollow plunger of the withdrawing pump: P is the
valve in the hollow plunger: Q is the stuffing box of the pump N: R is the
stuffing box of the pipe S leading from the withdrawing pump to the boiler:
T is the cock for discharging air and water from the heater: is a dial for
noting the number of degrees that the crank or shaft of the engine revolves;
V is the main shaft of the engine: W is the main crank of the engine;
Z, Z. 7, and 7 show circular dishes that can be placed in the heater for the
purpose of exposing a greater amount of surface of water to the steam.
These dishes are shown in a section taken through their centre. The water
falls from the inner edge of Z into Z. and then from the edge of Z' into
Z, and then from the edge of Zinto Z, and then from the edge of Z into
the bottom of the heater. the water thus falling successively from dish to
dish. The crank revolves in the direction of the arrow marked on the dial.
The operation is as follows: When the crank W. revolving in the direction
indicated by the arrow, arrives at the position W drawn in dotted lines. it is
seventy degrees from the lower centre, and the piston moving at the same

page_text: time from the top towards the bottom of the cylinder, as indicated by the
arrow, has completed about of its stroke, the passage of the steam from
the boiler to the cylinder being supposed to have been previously intercepted
Then the small crank G, working the valve F. will be at the position G'
shown by the dotted lines, and the valve F will be upon the point of un-
covering the passage D, and opening the passage from the induction side of the
piston through the opening A and valve chest C to the heater H. When the
crank W arrives at the position in which it is drawn in full lines, it is then
forty degrees from the lower centre, and the piston has completed of its
stroke, and the small crank G will then be at the extremity of its throw, and
the slide valve F will then be wide open, as represented in the Drawing.
When the crank W arrives at the position shown in dotted lines by W, then
it is ten degrees from the lower centre, and the piston has completed
100
of
its stroke. and the small crank G will be at the position shown in dotted lines
at. C and the valve F will have just closed the opening D and the com-
munication between the cylinder and heater. The upper eduction valve
commences to open after the upper additional eduction valve has closed,
and thus the steam in the heater can never pass into the condenser.
As the upper eduction valve commences to open when the crank is ten
degrees from the lower centre, it will be seen that a certain degree of
lead is given to this value. The operation on the return stroke of the
piston is the same, the other end of the slide E marked-opening and
closing the passage-Fig. 4 is a longitudinal elevation of puppet valves
placed at each end of the cylinder (to open and close the additional valve
openings), together with the machinery for raising and lowering the valves
and their chest. as shewn in section; Fig. 5 is a front elevation of Fig. 4.
a is the upper additional eduction valve attached to the lifting rod e; b is the
lower additional eduction valve attached to the lifting rod d; e is a foot
attached to e: is a foot attached to d: g is a tappet that raises and lowers
the valve ; is a tappet that raises and lowers the valve b; 7 is a rock shaft,
on which the tappets and are attached; is a small crank placed on the
main shaft of the engine, that communicates a rocking or vibratory motion to
the rock shaft i. The valves u and bare shown to open and close, while the
crank revolves the same number of degrees that it has been shown to do when
the operation of the slide valve was described. Thus, when the crank W,
Fig. 4 revolves in the direction of the arrow, and arrives at the position W,
then the small crank is at the position . and the tappet is at the
position and the valve is on the point of being opened. When the
crank W is at the position shown in full lines, then the small crank he is at the

page_text: full exient of its throw, and the tappet g is also at the full exient of its throw,
and the valve a is wide open, as shown in the Drawing. When the crank W
arrives at the position W, then the small crank is at the position k³, and
the tappet g is again at the position g'. and the valve a has just closed; the
valve thus beginning to open when the crank W is seventy degrees from
the bottom. being wide open when the crank W is forty degrees from the
bottom, and closing when the crank W is ten degrees from the bottom. The
operation on the return stroke of the piston is the same, the small crank k
raising the valve b by the tappet h. One additional eduction valve can be
made to lead the steam. from the cylinder to the heater on both strokes of the
piston, hy being placed midway between the top and bottom of the cylinder,
so that the piston passes the port of this valve in the course of each stroke;
and as this valve is never required to open until the piston has performed
more than one half of its stroke, it can thus be made to lead steam from the
eduction side of the piston on both strokes. The machinery that opens and
closes the additional eduction valve can be simplified by taking the motion
from the excentric rod that operates the main valves. in such manner that
when this excentric rod is midway in its ihrow it makes the additional
eduction valve wide open. li has been found in most steam engines that
when the excentric that works the main valves is midway in its throw, the
pision is not far from the end of its stroke, being at the position at which the
additional eduction valve should he wide open. The action of the pumps can
be rendered more certain, and the water can be prevented from rising too
high in the heater, and then overflowing into the cylinder whenever any
accident may happen to the withdrawing pump. by placing a diaphragm
across the heater near its top, and by placing a valve on the lower side of this
diaphragm balanced by means of a float, a lever, and a weight. so that when
the water rises beyond a certain limit, then the float rises and closes the valve.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation, showing the additional eduction valve attached to
the middle of the cylinder. the excentric rod and the machinery that opens
and closes the additional eduction valve, and also showing the diaphragm, the
cup, and the weight in the heater: Fig. 7 is a horizontal view of the same.
1 is the cylinder of the engine, shown on Fig. 7 in section, taken through the
dotted line, in Fig. 6; 2 is the upper port of the cylinder; 3 is its lower
port; 4 are small round holes forming the port of the additional eduction
valve: The size of these holes in the direction of the length of the cylinder
should be less than the narrowest packing ring of the piston. 5 is the valve
chest of the additional eduction valve, shown in section in Fig. 6, taken
through the dotted line y. v, of Fig. 7; 6 is the additional eduction valve

page_text: shown in section in Fig. 6. This valve is here represented by a double-beai
Cornish puppet valve, although a single valve properly weighted would answer,
or a slide valve could be used; but it should. after being opened by the tappet.
be brought back by a spring or weight in the same manner that the additional
expansion valve is operated in many marine engines. The aggregate openings
of the small ports 4 must. of course. be equal to the opening of the valve 6.
7 is the lifting rod that lifts the valve 6. In Fig. 7. V is the main shaft of
the engine; W is the main crank; U is a dial showing the number of degrees
that the crank moves; 11 is the excentric wheel that works the main valves
of the engine: 12 is the excentric rod of 11: 13 is a bar worked by the
excentric rod 12. by means of the small hook 14, and having a motion parallel
to the motion of the excentric rod: 15 is a tappet placed on the bar 13, and
acting against the lifting rod, and thms opening the additional eduction valve;
16 is the excentric hook that works the main valve of the engine. When this
excentric hook is unhooked it also unhooks the small hook 14, and thus The
additional eduction valve is thrown out of gear whenever the main valve is.
23 is the heater, shown in Fig. 6 in section, taken through the dotted line z. z.
of Fig. 7; 24 is the diaphragm, and 25, a valve placed therein; 26 is a lever:
27. the cup and 28 is a weight at the end of the lever 26; 29 is the pipe of
the injection pump, and 30, the pipe of the withdrawing pump; 31 is the pipe
leading from the cylinder to the eduction valve 6. P Fig. 6, indicates-also-
on the dial the position of the crank when the piston is at the upper end of
the cylinder, and P2 its position when the piston is at the lower end of the
cylinder. The crank V is shown by the dial forty degrees from the end of its
stroke, the piston being then near the bottom of its stroke. The additional
eduction valve 6 is shown wide open, having been raised from its seat by the
tappet 15 placed on the bar 13, and worked by the excentric rod 12, which is
represented midway in its throw. The tappet 15 is so proportioned that it
will lower the valve before the piston gets to the bottom of its stroke. When
the valve is wide open, as shown by the Drawing, the steam from the induction
side of the piston can pass through the small holes 4, and through the valve 6
into the heater. On the return stroke of the piston after it has passed the
small holes 4. and when near the bottom of the cylinder, the tappet 15 will on
its return raise the valve 6, and allow steam from the induction side of the
piston to enter the heater. A cup 27, placed directly under the pipe leading
from the injection pump to render it certain that it will always remain full of
water, is shown to be used for the float. This cup is so counterbalanced by
the weight 28, that whenever any accident happens to the withdrawing pump,
and the water rises in the heater. then it will also rise and force the valve 25

page_text: to close the opening in the diaphragm; and the injection pump, after having
filled the heater below the diaphragm, will then force the water through the
heater. and through the valves of the withdrawing pump into the boiler.
Instead of using the tappet 15 placed on the bar 13. a smoother motion can
be obtained by making the excentric rod work an arm, which, by its vibration.
works a toe or tappet placed on a shaft. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the
machinery for raising the additional eduction valve by a rocking or vibrating
100 or lappei: Fig. 9 is a cross section of Fig. 8. taken through the doited
line . y. of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a cross section of Fig. 8. iaken through the
17 is
dotted line. a. of Fig. 8: Fig. 11 is a horizontal view of Fig. 8.
an arm that receives its motion from the main excentric rod by means of the
small hook 14: 18 is the arm of the shaft, on which the vibrating tappet 19
is placed: 20 is a small connecting rod connecting the two arms 17 and 18:
22 are small pins placed on the small excentric hook 14, to prevent the tappet
19 from falling too low when the hook 14 is thrown out of gear. The arm 17
is shown connected to the arm 18 in such a manner that the arm 18 is at the
end of its vibration, while the arm 17 is in the centre of its are of vibration.
and thus the arm 18 makes two vibrations while the arm 17 makes but one.
Thus, when the arm 17 is in the position shown by the red lines at either end
of its arc of vibration, the toe or lappet 19 is depressed to its greatest extent.
as shown in 21 by red lines. When the arm 17 passes to the centre of its
are of vibration, the tappet 19 is then at its greatest elevation, as shown by
the black lines in the Drawing, and the valve is then wide open. When the
arm 17 arrives at the end of its vibration, the tappet 19 is again at 21 (its
point of greatest depression), the tappet 19 being thus at the point of its
greatest depression, shown in red lines at 21, while the arm 17 is at both ends
of its are of vibration. The additional eduction valve can be made on the sides
of the ordinary slide valve. To do this the valve has a certain degree of lap
or cover on the eduction or exhaust side to retard the lead of the exhansi, and
the additional openings are formed in the valve seat the same width, or nearly
the same width as the lap. and the corresponding openings are placed in the
slide, so that the communication beiween the cylinder and the heater is wide
open when the slide valve is in the centre of its throw or motion, and continues
open during the short interval that the added lap retards the exhaust. The
openings in the valve seat lead to the interior of the cylinder by small openings
made in the cylinder at or near the middle of its length. so that the piston
passes these openings on each stroke: and as the additional eduction valve
never begins to open until the piston has completed more than one half of its
stroke, and has passed these small openings. the steam will pass from the

page_text: cylinder to the heater through the same valve openings on both strokes of the
piston. Fig. 12 is a horizontal view of a slide valve and its seat, such as are
commonly used in locomotive engines; the valve and its scat are drawn full
size the maximum throw or motion of the valve is five inches. A portion of
the valve is represented removed. as indicated by the broken line, so that the
openings in the seat may be visible; the additional valve openings in the sides
of the slide valve and of its seat are also shown. Fig. 13 is a section of
Fig. 12. taken through the dotted line, r. and showing the main valve
openings Fig. 14 is a section of Fig. 12, taken through the dotted line y, y,
and showing the additional eduction valve openings; 32 is the opening on
the valve seat leading to one end of the cylinder; 33 is the opening on the
valve seat leading to the other end of the cylinder: 34 is the middle opening
in the valve seat leading to the exhaust pipe; 35 (drawn in dotted lines) is
the lap or cover added on the eduction side of the valve; 36, 37, and 38, are
narrow additional openings in the valve seat connected together at 39
(Fig. 13), and then communicating with the interior of the cylinder through
small round holes placed in the centre of its length: 40 and 41 are the
additional eduction openings in the valve seat. connected together and leading
to the healer: 42 is a chamber on each side of the slide valve connecting the
openings in the valve seat leading to the heater. The valve is represented at
the middle of its motion, and the openings forming the additional eduction
valve are shown wide open. These openings are shown-equal-in widili to the
added lap namely, three-eights of an inch, and they will open and close while
the valve moves through a space twice the width of the opening, or three-
quarters of an inch.. The openings 36. 37. and 38, are three-eighths of an
inch wide by two inches long, and are made three in number on each side. in
order to get the necessary area without increasing too much the size of the
valve. If only one opening on each side were made, it would have to be six
inches long instead of two inches. The additional eduction valve can be
formed by a separate valve placed in a separate chest. instead of being placed
on the sides of the main valve. Fig. 15 represents a horizontal view of the
valve and seat when made separately; the section is the same as Fig. 14, and
the valve 43 must have a motion coincident with the main valve. The
apertures are shown four inches long instead of two inches, the area being.
thus kept the same. As the pressure of the steam through the apertures
36, 37, 38, 40, and 41, all tend to force the valve 43 upwards from its seat,
steam from the boiler is introduced into the valve chest to keep the valve 43
on its seat by applying pressure on top of the valve. The water can be
withdrawn from the heater and forced into the boiler by an ordinary force

page_text: pump, but the pump shown in the Drawings is preferable. as it withdraws the
air from the heater with much more certainty than an ordinary pump, and
And for the purpose of
allows it to pass up through the hollow plunger.
rendering this action more quick and certain. the capacity of the withdrawing
If the steam
pump should be made larger than that of the injection pump.
heats the water above 212 degrees Fahrenheit. then it must be pumped from
the heater into the boiler without communicating with the atmosphere: but if
the water be heated below 212 degrees. it can then. if more convenient. be
pumped into the atmosphere. and then forced into the boiler. It is decidedly
advantageous to use a closed heater instead of an open one, even when the
water is to be heated below 212 degrees. For it has been found by experi-
ment that the presence of atmospheric air interferes very greatly with the
action of steam in heating water, and the admission of air even through a very
small aperture greatly impairs the action of the steam on the water. In
regard to the extent to which the water may be heated, I may state that with
steam passing from the cylinder to the heater at a pressure of thirty pounds
per square inch above the atmosphere, no difficulty is experienced in heating
the feed water up to 250 degrees Fahrenheit, and up to 300 degrees when the
pressure is one hundred pounds per square inch above the atmosphere.
Having now described the Invention of an improved apparatus for
heating the feed water of steam engines, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent, as
aforesaid,-
First, the combination of additional eduction valves opened and closed in a
regulated period of time. as herein set forth. (this period commencing after
the passage of the steam from the boiler to the cylinder has been intercepted.
and ending before the end of the stroke of the piston, and at or near the time
the eduction valve of the engine begins to open.) with a heater communicating
with the cylinder by the additional valves. but closed against the atmosphere.
and with a pump. or its equivalent, for withdrawing the water from the closed
heater.
Secondly, the combination above mentioned in combination with a pump
for injecting water into the heater.
Thirdly, weighting the delivery valve of the pump that injects the water
into the heater.
.
Fourthly, the combination of the additional eduction valves, injection pump,
and closed heater with a lifting withdrawing pump.
Fifthly, the combination of the additional eduction valves, injection pump,

page_text: and closed heater with a plunger pump having a valve placed in the hollow
plunger, and having the plunger packed by two stufling boxes.
Sixthly, retaining the additional eduction valves on their seats when the
pressure of the steam on them is alternately in opposite directions, and also
the mode herein set forth of effecting this object.
Seventhly, the use of an additional eduction valve communicating with
the cylinder of a steam engine by an aperture placed at or near the middle
of the length of the cylinder. in combination, with apparatus for heating the
feed water of steam engines by steam withdrawn from the induction side of
the piston.
Eighthly, forming the aperture last named by a number of small holes
pierced through the middle of the cylinder.
Ninthly, opening and closing the additional eduction valve when placed in
the middle of the cylinder, by a motion derived from the excentric that works
the main valves of the engine.
Tenthly, the use of the diaphragm in the closed heater, and the valve
attached to the cup. or its equivalent, and balanced by the weight. in com-
bination with apparatus for heating the feed water of steam engines by steam
withdrawn from the induction side of the piston.
Eleventhly claim forming the additional eduction valve openings on the
sides of a slide valve and its seat, and arranging them so as to be wide open
when the valve is midway in its throw, and also so as to lead to an aperture
made in the cylinder at or near the centre of its length.
Twelfthly claim forming the additional openings last mentioned in a
separate valve chest, and then keeping the valve on its seat by the full pressure
of steam from the boiler on the top of the valve.
Thirteenthly, I claim making the withdrawing pump larger than the
injection pump.
In witness whereof, 1. the said William Edward Newton. have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT.
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)