CERTAIN COVERINGS FOR VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY, WITH A VIEW TO THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Stocker, of Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN COVERINGS FOR VARIOUS
PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY, WITH A VIEW TO THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH."
Sealed the 27th February 1855, and dated the 5th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Stocker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
September 1854.
I, SAMUEL STOCKER, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN COVERINGS FOR
VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY, WITH A VIEW TO THE PRESERVATION OF
HEALTH," to be as follows:-
The first portion of my Invention consists of coverings for the teeth or
One sort
gums, to prevent the rush of atmospheric air into the throat.
of these coverings consists of strips of wire gauze, or of plates of metal, or
other suitable material, connected together, and the front plate perforated, and
which may be in part faced with thin teeth. The apparatus is placed inside
the lips. Another kind of these coverings consists of a moustache, com-
pletely covering the mouth, and set upon a plate or wire to be held within
the lips.
The second portion of my Invention consists of coverings for the head, by
which the head, face, and neck may be protected from the wind. One covering
of this class is formed as a hat with apertures in front, near the lower part,

page_text: filled in with glass, wire work, or other suitable material, which may be drawn
down over the eyes, so as to protect them, and at the same time to allow the
wearer to see.
Another construction is that of a hat with two bodies, and having in the
annular space between them a third body, furnished with arrangements for
seeing and breathing through, and which can be lowered at pleasure, so as to
protect the neck and face from the wind. A third form is that of a cap
furnished with a screen, with arrangements for breathing and seeing through,
which screen may be turned up or down at pleasure.
The third portion of my Invention consists of a kind of neck tie or collar, so
constructed that it can conveniently be put on over the face, mouth, and eyes,
keeping all secure up to the hat, and preventing bursts of air from going down
the throat. At the same time it is made so as to allow of free breathing, and
has apertures before the eyes, in which are inserted pieces of glass, wire gauze,
or other suitable fabric, so as to admit of seeing.
The fourth part of my Invention consists of a kind of shawl or hood to be
worn over the hat or bonnet or cap, and provided, as in the former case, with
means for seeing and breathing.
The fifth part of my Invention consists of an elastic shoc or boot, formed of
india-rubber, which is sewn or embroidered with worsted thread, for the
purpose of allowing the respiration to pass off, thus getting rid of the damp
complained of in boots or shoes formed of this material. .
The sixth portion of my Invention consists in forming clogs or goloshes of
papier maché japanned, protected beneath by leather or gutta percha, nailed
or otherwise attached to the under side of the same, so as to form a light'and
warm covering for the feet.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of, the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Stocker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
STOCKER, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Samuel Stocker, Her special licence that I; the said Samuel Stocker,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Stocker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN COVERINGS FOR
VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY, WITH A VIEW TO THE PRESERVATION OF
HEALTH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Stocker,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Stocker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, observing that the same letters denote the
same parts in all the Figures, that is to say :-
The first head of my Invention relates to certain coverings for the teeth,
intended to prevent the rush of cold air down the throat, and which I therefore
call lungs protectors. They are of two classes, the apparatus in the first
class being wholly contained within the lips, and thence denominated "internal
protectors;" whilst in the other class a portion of the apparatus is contained
within the lips, and a portion projects beyond them, and are denominated
"external protectors." Each class of protectors may be variously constructed.
Figures 1 and 2 represent one construction of internal protector; Figure 1
being a front elevation, and Figure 2 a plan in section. a is a curved
chamber to suit the curvature of the teeth, so as to be worn between the lips
and teeth. It is constructed of a flat metal tube, or of two plates of ivory,
horn, gutta percha, or any other suitable material, the front of the chamber>
having apertures b or a piece of wire gauze inserted, and the space between
the back and front of the chamber at the ends at c, c, being likewise wholly or
partially open, for the alternate admission and expulsion of the air, but the
back is not perforated. The chamber becoming heated, by the heated air
expelled from the lungs passing through it, the air inhaled becomes sufficiently
heated in its passage through the chamber without wire gauze, perforated
metal, or other pervious material being placed in the chamber.

page_text: I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the construction of lungs
protectors as curved hollow chambers of any suitable materials to cover a
portion of the teeth, and having the front of the hollow chamber perforated,
and the space at the ends of the chamber open or partly open for the admission
and expulsion of air to and from the lungs.
Figure 3 is a front clevation, and Figure 4 a plan in section, of another
construction of internal protector. d is a curved plate of any suitable material,
covering a portion of the teeth, and having a recess or. cavity e with a passage
f into the mouth, and in this recess or cavity is secured a piece of sponge,
wool, or any suitable flexible material g, extending across the passage.
wire passing between the teeth for the better holding of the apparatus.
his a
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the constructing lungs
protectors of a curved plate of suitable material, and having a piece of sponge,
wool, or other suitable flexible material through which the air passes to and
from the lungs.
Figure 5 is a front elevation, Figure 6 a plan, and Figure 7 a transverse
section, of an internal protector of another construction. i is a curved plate,
formed of any suitable material, covering a portion of the teeth and having one
or more apertures j, which communicate by a neck or channel with a
chamber, situated within the mouth. This chamber is perforated in various
parts, or may have its ends open, and may be left void, or be filled with sponge,
wool, or any suitable flexible material.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the construction of lungs
protectors of a curved plate of any suitable material, having an aperture or
apertures communicating with a chamber situated within and opening into
the mouth.
Figure 8 represents a plan in section, and Figure 9 a transverse section, of
an external protector. is a curved frame of any suitable material to cover a
portion of the teeth, having an aperture or apertures 7 and arms s, s, project-
ing beyond the lips, to which arms is attached a moustache, or a screen of
horse hair or other suitable open fabric t, extending over the mouth. h, a wire
passing between the teeth for the better support of the apparatus.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the constructing lungs
protectors of a screen of hair, horse hair fabric, or other suitable material,
attached to a frame held inside the lips.
Figure 10 represents a front elevation, and Figure 11 a plan, of an external
protector of another construction. is a curved plate of any suitable material,
covering a portion of the teeth, and having an aperture in which is fixed a

page_text: tube v, containing sponge, wire gauze, or other suitable material for the air
to pass through in its passage to and from the lungs. h is a wire passing
between the teeth for the more convenient support of the apparatus. The
wire gauze, sponge, or other material may be enclosed in a case made to
resemble a cigar, and inserted in the tube h as a socket, as shewn by the
dotted lines.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the constructing lungs
protectors of a curved plate of metal or other suitable material covering
a portion of the teeth, and having a tube or recess in which is contained
a coil of wire gauze, sponge, or other suitable material for the air to pass
through in its passage to and from the lungs.
The second head of my Invention relates to coverings for the head, by
which the head or any part of it may be protected from the wind. One
covering of this class to protect the eyes is formed as a hat or cap of any
desired shape, as wv, Figure 11, with one or two apertures a, a, in front, near
the lower part above the brim, fitted with screens of glass, wire gauze, or other
suitable material for seeing through. An elastic band y may be attached to
draw down over apertures a, a, to hide them when the hat is worn in the
ordinary position. This hat can be worn as an ordinary hat, or can at pleasure
be pulled down to cover the eyes without obstructing the sight.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the forming an aperture
or apertures in the lower part of a hat or cap, for the purpose of seeing through
when the hat or cap is drawn down over the eyes.
Figure 12 represents in section another covering for the head to protect the
eyes from the wind. It consists of a hat having the body made in two parts.
The part A rests upon the head and has no rim, and the part B, to which the
rim is attached, slides over (or it may be within) the part A, and has an aper-
ture or apertures C in front above the brim, furnished with screens of glass,
wire gauze, or other suitable material for seeing through.
required to protect the eyes, the lower piece of the body is drawn down over
the face. D is an elastic water-tight band connecting the parts A and B; the
part A is supported upon the head by an adjusted strap E, or by drawing in
the lining.
When it is
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the constructing a bat
body in two lengths, the part to which the brim is attached being capable of
being slided down from the other part, and having an aperture or apertures to
see through.
Figure 13 is a side section of a covering for the head, intended to protect

page_text: the face and the back part of the head. It consists of a hat F, having within
it a padded ring or hoop G, supported by stays G', G', attached to the sides or
crown. Between the body of the hat and the ring or hoop is an annular
space, in which is contained a moveable screen II, having a portion of the
front removed, and the space covered with wire gauze or other suitable
material I. This moveable screen can be drawn down over the face, or slided
up into the annular space at pleasure.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the construction of a hat
with a screen moveable within it, which can be drawn down over the face,
and has apertures for seeing and breathing through.
Figure 14 represents another construction of a covering for the head,
intended, like Figure 13, to protect the face and back of the head. K is a cap
or helmet; and L is a circular veil or curtain, composed of any suitable flexible
fabric, attached to the rim of the cap; M, M, are two holes, furnished with
screens of glass, wire gauze, or other suitable material, for the purpose of seeing
through, and there may be apertures for the nose and mouth, covered with
flaps of flexible fabric, as shewn at N, N, for admitting of freer breathing.
When not required for use, this veil may be rolled or turned up round the
lower part of the cap, as shewn in Figure 15. The veil may be made in
two parts, the one to protect the face and the other the back of the head.
I sometimes attach to this head dress a bag, or it may be a hollow band
(shewn in dotted lines at O), composed of some flexible air-tight material,
to serve when inflated as an air-pillow when travelling in a railway or other
carriage.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the attaching to the
lower part of a cap or helmet a veil or curtain protecting the head, and
furnished with apertures to see through, and which can be rolled or turned
up and unrolled at pleasure; also attaching to a cap or helmet a flexible
air-tight covering, which when inflated may serve as a pillow in travelling.
The third head of my Invention relates to a covering intended to protect the
face or the mouth and lower part of the face from currents of air, and at the
same time to allow of free breathing. It is shewn in elevation in Figure 16,
and in section in Figure 17, consists of a mask, covering the entire face, or
only the mouth and lower part of the face. A projecting channel or passage P
descends from the part of the mask opposite the mouth to some distance below
the chin, and is open at the bottom, for the purpose of respiration. The mask
may be supported by elastic straps, or by a handkerchief or shawl tied over the
lower part.

page_text: I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the construction of a
mask with a descending breathing channel.
The fourth head of my Invention refers to a covering for protecting the head
and shoulders. Figure 18 represents one form of the coverings, consisting of
a circular hood of any suitable material, and having an aperture Q for seeing
through, which may be protected by wire gauze or other suitable material. It
is to be worn over the hat or bonnet, and may be drawn in at the neck, as
shown in the Drawing, by a running string.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the construction of a hood
or covering to be worn over a hat or bonnet and descending to the shoulders,
and having
an aperture to see through.
Figure 19 represents another forin of these coverings, consisting of a
circular veil or curtain attached to the circumference of an umbrella or
parasol, and having, like the hood before described, an aperture R, to sce
through. It is made long enough to cover the shoulders, and may be gathered
in at the neck, as shewn in the Drawing, by a running string. In lieu of
attaching a curtain to the umbrella, the umbrella may be made long enough
to answer the same purposes as a curtain, and the aperture for sight will then
be made in the umbrella.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the attaching to the
circumference of an umbrella or parasol a circular veil or curtain, having an
aperture in front to see through, or lengthening the umbrella, and forming an
aperture for sight, as described.
The fifth head of my Invention relates to india-rubber or other waterproof
shoes, and has for its object to allow the perspiration to escape, and thus get
rid of the damp, which forms so great an objection to the use of these shoes.
For this purpose, I perforate the upper part of the shoes, and in the per-
forations I insert worsted or other suitable threads or strips of list, or woollen
or other suitable fabric, so as to fill up the perforations, and at the same time
to allow the perspiration to escape.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the perforation of india-
rubber or other waterproof shoes, and filling up the perforations with threads
or strips of woollen or other suitable materials.
The sixth and last head of my Invention relates to clogs, and consists in
making the external and upper part of paper made impervious to the wet,
with a heel piece and sub-sole of wood, leather, or other suitable material.
I claim, in reference to this part of my Invention, the forming the external
and upper part of clogs or goloshes of paper made impervious to wet.

page_text: In conclusion, I would observe, that I do not limit myself strictly to the
details given above, as the same may be varied. without departing from the
principle of my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Stocker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
E. C. COLE.
SAML STOCKER. (L.S.)