Improvements in Parallel Ruling Apparatus.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 15th Dec., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Parallel Ruling Apparatus.
We FRANCO BARDELLI, Engineer, KARL DANIELOVSZKY, Engineer, and
ALEXANDER ORSZAGH, Organ Builder, all of Szondy nteza 36 Budapest in
Hungary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus or instruments for parallel ruling or drawing
parallel lines and consists in an improved arrangement or construction of said
apparatus or instruments which has the advantages of great simplicity, exact
working and especially that it allows any desired variations in the distance between
the parallel lines up to a maximal limit determined by the construction of the
apparatus to be made in a convenient manner.
On the drawing appended hereunto
Fig. 1 shows the apparatus as seen from above.
Fig. 2 a vertical section along line - of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a front view, and
Fig. 4 an end view.
The construction of the improved apparatus is based upon the application of the
most usual method of paralle! ruling or section-lining, which consists in shifting one
side of a triangular set square along a straight edge or ruler and to draw the lines
along one of the other sides of the set square, the distance of the lines depending on
the distance by which the set square is shifted. In the improved apparatus the
shifting is effected by depressing a pawl which engages into a rack, while the
distance of the parallel lines can be varied by altering the angle w formed by
the edge (a Figs. 1 and 4) of the triangular set square along which the line is
drawn and the edge & on which the same is shifted.
0, the
It will be readily seen, that if the angle w equals 90° the width of the ruling
equals the distance by which the set square is shifted, while when w=
width also becomes 0. It follows, that the widths of the ruling are in the ratio
of the sines of the angles w, or the less the angle is the closer the ruling
will be.
In the apparatus represented on the drawing appended hereunto, the straight
edge consists of a flat bar A, which in order to lie firmly upon the paper is provided
on its underside with a strip of cloth or leather c and carries a small casing d
containing the mechanism for shifting the set square. The latter is formed by two
flat rulers or bars B and C which are joined moveably together at one end by
meaus of a screw bolt e and button nut e¹ and can be fixed at any angle to each
other. The bolt is made with a steadying nib or of a square shape and let into
the ruler B, whereby the bolt is prevented from turning when the nut e¹ is
tightened. One edge of the ruler B is fitted with a rack f which slides in a
groove g of the straight edge A and serves to guide the ruler B on A. For the
same purpose a small plate h is screwed to the straight edge A projecting
underneath B, and in a vertical side of the groove g a spring blade i is fixed which
presses the rack against the opposite side of the groove.
The mechanism for shifting the triangular set square or the rulers B and C
consists of a spring blade k one end of which is fixed to the case d. It acts as a
pawl and for working it is provided with a button or push / protruding from the
case d. The spring is bent as shown so that it is free and presses upon the rack
and ordinarily remains engaged therewith. Below this end a small bent wire
CD
017

page_text: crank mis mounted in bearings, which crank by depressing the button n can be so
turned, that the end of the spring is lifted out of the teeth of the rack.
The manipulation and action of the apparatus is as follows:-The angular set
square formed by the rulers B and C is pushed with the rack into the groove y
from the left until the spring k engages with the first tooth on the right hand side
of the rack. The angle wo is then adjusted according to the desired width of ruling
and the edge a Fig. I placed into the direction of the lines to be drawn. The
button is now depressed by the first finger of the left hand, while the other fingers
of this hand firmly press the straight edge A upon the paper. The stroke of the
button is limited by the height of the case d'and the length of the spring k so
that by a complete depression of the button the spring moves the rack fand with it
the entire angular set square to the right by one tooth. When the button is now
released, the pawl or free spring end moves back by a tooth, and a line is drawn
with the right hand. The button is then depressed again, B and C are thereby
moved to the right by a tooth and another line is drawn, and so on.
The length of the surface which can be ruled or section-lined with this apparatus
without shifting the straight edge A depends on the length of the rack. When
the spring has shifted the last tooth of the rack f to the right, the ruler B is
drawn out of the groove g on the right hand side and pushed in again at the other,
or by depressing the button n the spring is lifted up and the ruler B pushed
back, until the first tooth at the right hand end of the rack is engaged with the
spring.
Obviously the spring pawl k may be replaced by a pawl hinged to a lever under
spring action or their equivalents.
Near to the screw e division lines are drawn upon the ruler B by empyrical
method indicating the distance between the parallel lines drawn when the edge a¹
of C coincides with these division lines. On the ruler C other division lines are
drawn, indicating the size of the angle w when one of these lines coincides with the
projection of the edge b' of ruler B.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The arrangement or construction of parallel ruling apparatus substantially as
herein before described and illustrated on and by the drawings.
2. In parallel ruling apparatus the arrangement of an angular set square formed
of two flat rulers hinged together at one end and guided on a straight edge and
moved along the same by means of a pawl actuating a rack on said set square or
equivalent means substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings and for the purpose set forth.
3. In a parallel ruling apparatus arranged as specified in the preceding claim,
the indication of the width of the ruling and angle formed by the rulers forming
the jointed set square by means of division lines marked thereon, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated on the drawings.
Dated this 20th day of October 1894.
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, and 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Agent for the Applicants.