Year: 1896

page_text: I JOSEPH HAMILTON of 29 Holmewood Road Brixton Hill in the County of
London, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my invention is the improvement of centrifugal machines or
hydro extractors and relates to that class of machine in which granular substances
such as sugar or other materials are treated for separating the solids from the fluids
in a continuous or partly continuous manner, such machines are generally known as
continuous centrifugale.
In carrying out this invention I use a central metal spindle that is known as the
"Weston" spindle upon which at a required distance from the bottom end I form
a screw and fit two nuts, one of which (the lower one) has a flange formed with a
hollow or recess.
Upon the lower part of the spindle I fit a metal tube to which I fit several sets
of screw blades or impellers of increasing lengths towards the bottom end of the
tube. The top end of the tube has a collar formed upon it to fit into the recess in
the flange of the lower nut.
Over the tips of the screw blades I fit a taper metal tube which is perforated
and has a series of slightly inclined ribs running the full length of the inside. The
riba form channels, between the ribs I fit metal gauze, or other filtering material
against the inside of the taper tube in the usual manner.
The central tube with its fittings can be adjusted along the spindle by means of
the nuts, the collar being held in the recess of the flange of the bottom nut by.
means of a ring on the underside of the collar being bolted to the flange of the nut,
and the whole is kept from moving round the spindle by a feather fitting into'a
recess in the spindle and tube.
To the bottom end of the spindle I attach a drum or basket with perforated
periphery. The said drum or basket I make of metal in the usual manner with
exception that I make it of larger diameter at the top than at the bottom, and I
form an outside lip or rim at the top.
Upon the inside of the drum's bottom I form a series of oither curved or straight
ribs (I show in present instance curved ribs) which may coincide with the number
of ribs contained in the inside of the perforated taper tube.
Inside the drum I fit a tubo of metal of less diameter than the inside of the drum.
The tube has formed on its inside and outside a series of ribs that number the same
as those on the drum bottom and fit upon them, thereby forming a continuous ribs
from the central boss on the drum bottom to the top of the inside of the drum and
form channels thereto.
Upon the top of the inner tube with the ribs on each side, I fix by means of
screws or bolts a oircular cover plate to fit the outside of the top end of the
perforated inner tube.
The ribs in the inner perforated tube incline the reverse way to those on the
inner ring with ribs on each side of it.

page_text: In order to make my invention fully understood I now describe how it may be
carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is part plan and part section (showing a portion of the inside of the
machine). The central spindle is lettered a. The arms or blades are marked with
letter c, c, c, c. The chaunels are lettered e e e e e e e up the inside of the
inner ring s.
The spaces formed by the ribs on the iuner rings, between the ring and gauze
of the drum are lettered ffff. Such spaces may be termed cells.
The hopper is lettered n, n'. The receiver for the discharging sugar is lettered j.
The tubes to curry the liquid to the trough p. are lettered r. The circular
cover is lettered Q. The arrows indicate the direction the substances takes during
the treatment and are lettered A A' A².
Tho
Fig. 2 is part elevation and part section. The hopper is lettered n.
perforated taper tube is lettered d. The arms or scrow blades are lettered c. c'.
The tube on the central spindle is lettered b, and it carries the screw blades c. o' and
perforated tube d. The flanged out that supports the tube and its fittings is
lettered m. The channels leading from the centre boss of the bottom of the drum
to the top of the drum where the sugar discharges are lettered ff. The space
between the drum and outer casing is lottored u. The receiver for the sugar is
lettered j. and the outside of the receiver is lettered k, and the casing wherein the
machine is working is lettored i.
The spindle carrying the whole apparatus consisting of the taper tube, iuner ring
and drum (or basket) with their contained parts is set revolving, the sugar is fed
into the hopper and is carried down by the screw blades c, c'. The ribs t, t, aided
by the increasing diameter into the channels on the drum bottom theuce along the
channels to the inside gauze of the drum up which it rises to the top and is
discharged into the receiver. During its passage (the sugar) from the hopper to
the receiver it loses a portion of its moisture which is discharged through the
perforated taper tubo which is shown by arrows B B B B B is carried up by
the inner tube and is discharged into the circular trough and into the gutter
through the tubes.
During the passage of the sugar up the spaces between the inner tube and the
gauze of the drum the remaining fluid is thrown off through the gauze and
perforations of the drum's periphery as indicated by arrows D. D' D' into tho
gutter p.
In order to obtain the best result from the working of the machine, I lift or
lower the nutted tube with all its attendant parts to required distanco of bottom
part from the ribs on the drum bottom in order to keep or release the matorial
being operated upon in the apparatus for the requisite. time.
I also control the speed for revolving the spindle with all its parts by driving
from an intermediate arrangement of driving gear consisting of a pair of reversed
cone drums whereby I can increase or decrease the revolutions of the apparatus
when requisite without stopping the machine.
I also propose to fit the said intermediate driving gear with an arrangement of
shifting belt guides that can cause the speed of the apparatus to be gradually
increased or decreased after it has been started.
Dated this 19th day of June 1896.

page_text: Improvements in Centrifugal maonines.
I JOSEPH HAMILTON of 29 Holmewood Road Brixton Hill in the County of
London, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is the improvement of contrifugal machines or
hydro extractors, and relates to that class of machine in which granular substances
such as sugar or other materials are treated for separating the solids from the fluids
in a continuous or partly continuous manner such machines are generally known as
continuous centrifugals.
In carrying ont this invention I use a central metal spindle that is known as the
"Weston" spindle upon which at a required distance from the bottom, I form a
scrow and fit two nuts one of which (the lower one) has a flange formed with a
hollow or recess.
Upon the lower part of the spindle I fit a metal tubo to which I fit several sets
of screw blades or impellers of increasing lengths towards the bottoin end of tho
tube, I also fit a conical casing round the tube but I allow portions of the
impellers to project through. The top end of the tube has a collar formed upon it
to fit into the recess in the flange of the lower nut.
Over the tips of the screw blades 1 fit a taper metal tube which is perforated
and has a series of slightly inclined ribs running the full length of the inside.
The ribs form channels, between the ribs I fit metal gauze or other filtering
material against the inside of the taper tube in the usual manner.
The central tube with its fittings can be adjusted along the spindle by means of.
the nuts, the collar being held in the recess of the flange of the bottom nut by
means of a ring on the underside of the collar being bolted to the flange of the
nut, and the whole is kept from moving round the spindle by a feather fitting into
a recess in the spindle and tube.
To the bottom end of the spindle I attach a drum or basket with a perforated
periphery. The said drum or basket I make of metal in the usual manner with
exception that I make it of larger diameter at the top than at the bottom and
I form an outside lip or rim at the top.
Upon the inside of the bottom of drum 1 form a series of either curved or
straight ribs (I show in present instance curved ribs) which may coincide with the
number of ribs contained in the inside of the perforated taper tube.
Inside the drum I fit a tube of metal of less diameter than the inside of the
drum. The tube has formed inside and outside a series of ribs that may number
the same as those on the bottom of the drum and fit upon them, thereby forming
continuous ribs from the ceutral boss on the drams bottom to the top of the
inside of the drum and thereby form channels or spaces thereto.
Upon the top of the inner tubo with the ribs on each side, I fix by means of
screws or bolts a circular cover plate to fit the outside diameter of the top end of
the perforated inner tubo.
The ribs in the inner perforated tubo incline the reverse way to thoso on the
inner ring.
Although I mention inclined ribs upon the various parts of the machine I do not
confine myself to that form.
I may at times use central tube and also basket or drum with a considerable
amount of variation in their respective diameters when the ribs may bo placed
vertically.
In order to make my invention fully understood, I now describe how it may be

page_text: carriod into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing and to that
accompanying my Provisional Specification.
In the drawing accompanying my Provisional Specification
Fig. 1 is part plan and part section (showing a portion of the inside of the
machine). The central spindle is lettered a. The arms or blades are lettered c. c'
c. The channels are lettered e e e e e e e up the inside of the inner
ring 8.
The spaces formed by the ribs on the inner ring s. between the ring and gauze of
the drum are lettered ff. Such spaces may be termed cells.
The hopper is lettered n. n'. The receiver for the discharging sugar is
lettered j.
The tubes to convey the liquid to the trough p. are lettered r. 17. The circular
cover plate is lettered Q. The arrows indicating the direction the substance takes
during treatment are lottered A. A' A'
Fig. 2. is part elevation and part section. The hopper is lettered n. The
perforated taper tube is lettered d. The arms or screw blades are lettered c. c' and
the tube b. the flanged out that supports the tube b and its fittings is lettered m.
The channels leading from the centre boss of the drum to the top of the drum
where the sugar discharges are lettered ff. The space between the drum or
basket and the outer casing is lettered u. The receiver for the sugar is lottered j
and the outside of the receiver is lettered k, and the casing wherein the machine
works is lottered i.
The spindle carrying the whole apparatus consisting of the taper tubo, inner
ring, and basket with the fittings thereto, is set revolving. The sugar is fed into
the hopper and is carried down the centre tube by nid of the atmospheric pressure
upon top of the sugar and the inclined ribs t. ' and the blades c. c' and centri-
fugal force to the channels on the bottom of the drum (inside) passing along the
channels to the inside gauze of the drum up which it ascends aud is discharged
over the rim of the drum or basket.
During the passage of the sugar down the inner perforated gauze covered tube
a portion of the moisture is thrown off through the perforations into the channels
formed on the inner tube or ring s. shown by arrows B B B B B and the fluid
is discharged into a circular trough and into the gutter through tubes.
During the passage of the sugar up the spaces between the inner tube and the
gauze of the drum a further quantity of fluid is extracted and is thrown off
through the perforations in the periphery of the drum or basket as indicated by.
arrows D D D'.
To obtain the best results from the working of the machine I lift or lower the
collared tube b with all its parts to a certain distance from the drums bottom to
hold or release the materials as may be found requisite.
I also control the speed for revolving the apparatus by driving from an inter-
mediate arrangement of driving gear consisting of a pair of reversed cone drums, or
pulleys, fitted with self-acting arrangement for moving the driving belt to either
increase or decrease the speed without stopping the machine which enables the
discharge to be either increased or decreased at will.
The tube b' of the drum may be fitted with a conical casing as shown at Fig. 5 of
the accompanying my drawing. The letter A refers to casing. The letter d. refers
to part section of the inuer perforated tube shown in Fig. 1. The letter a
refers to the central spindle shown in Fig. 1. The letter b, refers to metal tube
shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. of the same drawing is an elevation of driving gear. The letter A-A¹
refers to the conical drums, or pulleys. Tho letter j. refers to the band passing
over both drums. The letter B. refers to driving pulley. H. refers to open hand
passing over pulley B. and shaft L'. The letter G, refers to crossed band passing
over another pulley B behind tho pulley B shown on end of a screw.
Fig. 4. is a plan of the gear. The letter A A' refers to the drums.
band. B, B' are the pulleys on the end of the screw M. The letter C, refers to
is the

page_text: a clutch between the pulleys B. B' (which are loose) which can be slid to and fro
to engago eith of the pulleys B. B. The clutch is kept from revolving on the
scrow end-and as either of the pulleys B. B' are engaged a reversing motion is
given to the screw M. which is engaged in a nut on the band fork N. The
lotter D. refers to the pulley for driving the machine, and K is the driving band.
The letter H' refers to the open band, and the letter G₁ refers to the crossed
band. E is a fast pulley F. is a looso pulley on shaft L' and i is the driving band
from main shaft. L is the shaft of drum A³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same may be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The construction and combination of parts for contrifugal machines substan-
tially as herein described.
2. The application of the special driving gear namely the use of reversed cone
drums or pulleys to such machines substantially as herein described.
Dated the 8th day of October 1896.
J. HAMILTON.