AN IMPROVED KILN FOR BURNING EARTHENWARE AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Blake, of Eccleston, near Prescot, in the
County of Lancaster, Earthenware Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED KILN FOR BURNING EARTHENWARE AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 18th January 1859, and dated the 22nd July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Blake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1858.
I, BENJAMIN BLAKE, of Eccleston, near Prescot, in the County of Lancaster,
Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED KILN FOR BURNING EARTHENWARE AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a novel arrangement of the fires in a longitudinal
kiln for burning earthenware, and consists in the employment of a kiln for a
long narrow parallelogram form, in which the fire-places are to be arranged at
certain intervals all along the outside walls of the kiln, similar to those in
ordinary round kilns, and in contradistinction to firing from the interior, and
directly under the ware, as hitherto done in kilns of the longitudinal form.
The fire-places are each to be provided with a narrowed passage or "goit,"
either supplied with air holes near the top, or without, as required; each
goit" communicates with "bags" or flues within the kiln, provided with

page_text: holes or openings for the purpose of distributing the heat regularly throughout
the kiln, and prevent the flame from "flashing" upon the ware.
A second part of the improvement consists in the novel employment of a
series of arched shelves placed at suitable distances, made of fire-clay bars,
quarries, or tiles, and fitted up throughout the entire length of the kiln one
above another, and placed against the two opposite said "bags" or flues; these
are to receive the earthenware to be burnt, upon "saggers" instead of the
ordinary "bench," as at present used, by which arrangement the said "bench"
is superseded and dispensed with. In round or circular kilns it has been usual
to fire all round, and I do the same, that is, fire all along both sides, in
longitudinal kilns, thus combining the principle and corresponding advantages
of both forms or construction in my improved arrangement of narrow
longitudinal kilns.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Blake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
BLAKE, of Eccleston, near Prescot, in the County of Lancaster, Earthenware
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Benjamin Blake, Her special license that I, the said Benjamin Blake,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Benjamin Blake, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any.
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
Lexercise,-and-vend,-within-the-United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
KILN FOR BURNING EARTHENWARE AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the con-
dition, amongst others, that I, the said Benjamin Blake, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Blake, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
The Invention relates to a novel arrangement of the fires in a longitudinal
kiln for burning earthenware, and consists in the employment of a kiln of a
long narrow parallelogram form, in which the fire-places are to be arranged at
certain intervals all along the outside walls of the kiln, similarly to those in
ordinary round kilns, and in contradistinction to firing from the interior, and
directly under the ware, as hitherto done in kilns of the longitudinal form.
The fire-places are each to be provided with a narrow passage or "goit,"
either supplied with air holes near the top, or without, as required; each
goit" communicates with "bags" or flues provided with holes or openings,
for the purpose of distributing the heat regularly throughout the kiln and flue
within the kiln, to prevent the flame "flashing" upon the ware.
65
"
"
A second part of the Invention consists in the novel employment of a series
of arched shelves placed at suitable distances, made of fire-clay bars, quarries,
or tiles, and fitted up. throughout the entire length of the kiln one above.
another, and placed against the two opposite said "bags or flues; these
shelves are to receive the earthenware to be burnt upon, and instead of the
ordinary bench" as at present used, the said "bench" is superseded and
dispensed with by this improved arrangement of the kilns. In round or
circular kilns it has been usual to fire all round, and I do the same, that is,
fire all along one or both sides in longitudinal kilns, thus combining the
principle and corresponding advantages of both forms or constructions in my
improved arrangement of narrow longitudinal kilns.
In order that the Invention may be clearly understood, and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about half an inch to a foot, and having similar letters marked upon corre-
sponding parts.
Fig. 1, an elevation, representing a vertical section of a kiln, and clearly
showing the exterior fire-places, flues, and arched shelves; Fig. 2 is a sectional
plan view taken through the fire-places at the line A, B, shewing the position
of the fire-places and internal flues. In Fig. 1, a, a, are the outer walls of
the kiln, in which the fire-places b, b, are situated, either on one or both sides
as required; c, c, are the "goits" or passages communicating with the flues

page_text: d, d, which are furnished with apertures for allowing the heat to pervade
regularly through the kiln; e, e, are the fire-clay shelves or quarries for
receiving the wares to be burnt, and which may either be supported as shewn,
or by bearing between the walls of the 'flues, and a central division wall or
partition, which may be built in the middle of the kiln between the flue walls.
I would here remark that the said upright flues may be wholly within the
interior of the kiln, or partially in the casement of outer walls of the kiln, or
otherwise, so that they shall have the effect of guarding the wares from the
strongest heat of the fires, and cause the equal distribution of the heat
throughout the kiln, and also that a down draught may be employed in these
kilns, that is, the heat may be carried up the flues and down into the interior
of the kiln, and into a flue or flues at the bottom, and thence to a chimney.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of performing the same, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I
claim,―
First, the novel arrangement of the fire-places in longitudinal kilns.
Secondly, the novel employment and use of fire-clay arches, tiles, or quarries
within the kiln for burning the wares upon.
And, lastly, I claim the general arrangement and construction of the entire
kiln.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Blake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
חזן חמד ז--Tזרױנד
BLA
DEARE
(L.D.)