IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DISTEMPER FOR COVERING OR COATING VARIOUS SURFACES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick William Ingram, of 113, Finborough Road,
South Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DISTEMPER FOR
COVERING OR COATING VARIOUS SURFACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick William Ingram
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1880.
FREDERICK WILLIAM INGRAM, of 113, Finborough Road, South Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF DISTEMPER FOR COVERING OR COATING VARIOUS SURFACES."
This Invention consists in the use of tapioca flour or some similar farinaceous
substance of a glutinous nature as a substitute for size in the preparation of
distempter, and I prepare it in the following form:-For white the ingredients
consist of a mixture of whiting in powder, tapioca flour, or some similar farinaceous
substance, and ultramarine blue in powder, and in about the following proportions,
say-1 cwt. powdered whiting, 4 lbs. tapioca flour, 1/4 lb. ultramarine blue. This
may be varied by omitting the ultramarine blue and substituting other stainers,
according to the color required. The mixture only requires the addition of boiling
water to render it fit for use. The advantages of this Invention are, that it renders
the separate treatment of size or glue as a substitute unnecessary, that it is more
convenient in form, and that it retains its effective properties for a great length of
time in any climate, whereas the difficulty of keeping size has always been a
drawback to its use, and has in many parts led to the substitution of glue, which
also requires separate treatment, and is equally inconvenient to prepare.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick William Ingram in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th July 1880.
FREDERICK WILLIAM INGRAM, of 113, Finborough Road, South Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF DISTEMPER FOR COVERING OR COATING VARIOUS SURFACES."
This Invention consists in the use of tapioca flour or some similar farinaceous
substance of a glutinous nature as a substitute for size in the preparation of
distemper, and I prepare it in the following form:-For white the ingredients
consist of a mixture of whiting in powder, tapioca flour, or some similar farinaceous
substance, and ultramarine blue in powder, and in about the following proportions,
say-One hundred weight powdered whiting, four pounds tapioca flour, one
quarter of a pound ultramarine blue. This may be varied by omitting the ultra-
marine blue and substituting other stainers, according to the color required. The
mixture only requires the addition of boiling water to render it fit for use.
The advantages of this Invention are, that it renders the separate treatment of
size or glue as a substitute unnecessary, that it is more convenient in form, and
that it retains its effective properties for a great length of time in any climate,
whereas the difficulty of keeping size has always been a draw-back to its use, and
has in many parts led to the substitution of glue, which also requires separate
treatment, and is equally inconvenient to prepare.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention, I would
observe that I do not confine myself to the precise proportions herein before set
fortb, as they may be varied to suit certain circumstances, but that what I claim
and desire to be secured to me is,―
The use and application of tapioca flour or some similar farinaceous substance of
a glutinous nature in the manufacture of distemper for covering or coating various
surfaces, in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Ingram, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
FREDERICK WILLIAM INGRAM. (L.s.)