Improvements in and relating to Bricks, Building Blocks and Paving Blocks.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Bricks, Building Blocks and
Paving Blocks.
I, Dr. STANISLAUS RITTER VON BIELINSKI, Lawyer, of Ulisa 3, Maja 1.2.
Lemberg, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to moulded bricks and to a method of building ceilings,
arches, floors, walls and so on without the use of mortar. These improved bricks
differ chiefly from the known forms of bricks in that they do not require the
use of mortar for building them up, nor any other binding means, and that the
form of the bricks is such as to ensure a reliable connection between them thig
being effected by making the bricks hollow and with external grooves and ribs,
or keys and keyways, adapted to engage with similarly formed parts of the
adjacent bricks and thus obtain a solid connection between a row of bricks and
eventually also between the various rows of bricks, while the solid connection of
the row of bricks, one with the other, is effected by placing solid or hollow bricks
or blocks in the internal holes of the bricks in such a manner as to engage
simultaneously two or more bricks.
For building floors or vaults with these improved bricks it will be obvious
that any sort of clay as primary material for the bricks may be used inasmuch
as greater strength is required of the material with regard to breaking and
crushing strain and therefore, besides carefully selecting the field, the bricks
are preferably baked into clinkers, as these have but little tendency to absorb
water owing to their little porosity while at the same time being stronger than
brick burnt to a lesser degree. But as clinker-bricks do not hold the mortar
or other binding medium well another manner of binding the bricks is desirable.
In one arrangement a hollow-brick is made in the form of a parallelepipedon
which is provided at two opposite sides with a rib or key and a groove enabling
a proper, connection to be made with the bricks in the same row by always
placing the rib or key of the one brick into the groove of the next brick. By
further providing similar ribs and grooves on those sides of the bricks which
form the contact surfaces between the row of bricks, all the rows of bricks will
equally be secured together.
For buildings requiring great strength a connection is effected between adjacent
layers or rows of bricks by means of a brick-core or locking brick which may
be either solid or hollow and which is so inserted in the internal space of two
or more bricks covering one another, that it partly reaches into each brick.
When used for forming ceilings, or for flooring for human requirements the
bricks in this case are connected together by means of ribs or grooves into rows
and they are then finally secured by cores or locking pieces forming a rigid
ceiling or flooring incapable of yielding in any direction; mortar or other bind-
ing medium if used only serving to covering in the joints.
When used for street paving for heavy traffic the brick which is hollow is placed

page_text: on its narrow side for the sake of greater strength and on its broad sides it is
provided with a groove and rib and they are further secured by means of hollow
or solid cores locking-blocks.
When used for the foundation or substructure of a building, consisting of
superposed layers of hollow-bricks, each layer forming a uniformly connected
structure in which the separate rows on the whole are secured together by means
of the ribs grooves and by the insertion of the cores the layers being connected
together by further ribs and grooves so preventing their relative displacement
and enabling their being used in lieu of the ordinary foundation.
When used for forming arches, the bricks like the street paving, consist of
hollow bricks on edge, the special form being previously settled for each arch to
be constructed, the connection being effected as before by ribs, grooves for the
separate bricks and by the cores for each row of bricks. The construction of an
arch of this kind or generally of a building, by means of the hollow bricks is
very simple and requires no highly skilled workmen, while at the same time it
is easily controlled.
.
In the construction of a canal or conduit by the aid of these hollow bricks,
this canal is built upon a continuous or intermittently arranged structure or
foundation and a bed of the same construction as above described in combination
with side-walls composed of hollow bricks arranged in one or more rows and
connected together by ribs and grooves, and a covering wall arranged in the
same manner as the bed or floor, but strengthened by means of locally or con-
tinuously disposed hollow-bricks which are connected by ribs or grooves with
both the covering wall and the sides of the canal.
In a modification a wall is constructed in which the hollow bricks are placed
on end, the connection between the adjacent bricks being effected by the ribs
and grooves while the superposed rows thereof are secured by means of the hollow
cores inserted into a number of the hollow bricks.
The holes in the bricks form continuous channels or passages and may thus
be utilized for various purposes such as for air-circulation, drainage of water.
smoke conduits, and the like.
Improvements in and relating to Bricks, Building Blocks and
Paving Blocks.
I, Dr. STANISLAUS RITTER VON BIELINSKI, of Ulisa 3, Maja, 1.2. Lemberg,
in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to moulded bricks and to a method of building ceilings,
arches, floors, walls and the like without the use of mortar.
These improved bricks differ chiefly from the known forms of bricks in that
they do not require the use of mortar for building them up nor any other bind-
ing means and that the form of the bricks is such as to ensure a reliable con-
nection between them, this being effected by making the bricks hollow and
with external grooves and ribs, or keys and keyways, adapted to engage with
correspondingly formed parts of the adjacent bricks and thus obtain a solid
connection between a row of bricks and eventually also between the various rows

page_text: of bricks, while the solid connection of the rows of bricks, one with the other.
is effected by placing solid or hollow bricks or blocks in the internal holes of
the bricks in such a manner as to engage simultaneously two or more bricks.
For building floors or vaults, it will be obvious that any sort of clay as primary
material for the bricks may be used inasmuch as greater strength of the material
is required having regard to breaking and crushing strain and therefore, besides
carefully selecting the material, the bricks are preferably baked into clinkers,
as these have but little tendency to absorb water owing to their little porosity
while at the same time being stronger than brick burnt to a lesser degree. But
as clinker-bricks do not hold the mortar or other binding medium well another
manner of binding the bricks is desirable.
In the accompanying drawings various forms of brickwork are shown in which
bricks of the improved form are employed.
Figure 1 shows a hollow-brick made in the form of a parallelipipedon which
is provided at two opposite sides with a rib or key band a groove c enabling a
proper connection to be made with the bricks in the same row by always placing
the rib or key of the one brick into the groove of the next brick as is clearly
shown in Figure 5. By further providing similar ribs and grooves on those
sides of the bricks which form the contact-surfaces between the rows of bricks,
all the rows of bricks will equally be secured together.
For buildings requiring great strength a connection is effected between adjacent
layers or rows of bricks by means of a brick-core or locking brick d Figure
which may be either solid or hollow and which is so inserted in the internal space
of two or more bricks covering one another, that it partly reaches into each
brick.
In Figures 4, 5, and 6 are shown, by way of an example, a construction suitable
for forming ceilings, the figures representing a side-view, face-view and plan
respectively. This construction may also be adopted for flooring or other like
purposes the bricks a in this case are connected together by means of ribs b and
grooves c into rows and they are then finally secured by cores or locking pieces d
thus forming a rigid ceiling or flooring incapable of yielding in any direction;
mortar or other binding mediums if used only serving for covering in the
joints.
Figure 3 shows a hollow brick adapted for use in street paving for heavy
traffic. In this case the brick a is placed on its narrow side for the sake of.
greater strength and on its broad sides it is provided with a groove e and rib d
and they are further secured by means of hollow or solid cores or locking-
blocks.
Figure 7 shows the foundation or substructure of a building, consisting of two
superposed layers of hollow-bricks, each layer forming a uniformly connected
structure in which the separate rows on the whole are secured together by means
of the ribs b, grooves and by the insertion of the cores d; the layers being
connected together by further ribs e and grooves f so preventing their relative
displacement and enabling their being used in lieu of the ordinary foundation.
Figure 8 shows a portion of an arch formed, like the street paving, of hollow
bricks a on edge, the special form being previously settled for each arch to he
constructed, the connection being effected as before by ribs b grooves c for the
separate bricks and by the cores d for each row of bricks. The construction of
an arch of this kind or generally of a building by means of the hollow bricks
is very simple and requires no highly skilled workmen, while at the same time
it is easily controlled.
Figure 9 shows the construction of a canal or conduit by the aid of these
hollow bricks. The canal is built upon a continuous or intermittently arranged
substructure or foundation g and a bed h of the same construction as in Figure 5.
in combination with side-walls and composed of hollow-bricks arranged in
one or more rows and connected together by ribs and grooves, and a covering
wall arranged in the same manner as the bed or floor, but strengthened by means

page_text: of locally or continuously disposed hollow bricks m n which are connected by
ribs and grooves with both the covering-wall and the sides of the canal.
Figures 10 and 11 show a wall in elevation and plan respectively in which the
hollow bricks are placed on end, the connection between the adjacent bricks
being effected by the ribs b and grooves c while the superposed rows thereof are
secured by means of hollow cores d inserted into a number of the hollow bricks.
The holes in the bricks form continuous channels or passages and may thus
be utilized for various purposes such as air-circulation, drainage of water, smoke
conduits, and the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Improved moulded brick for building purposes, characterized by being
hollow and having external ribs b and grooves c for securing the bricks in rows
and if desired also for securing the rows of bricks together.
2. For connecting the moulded bricks claimed in Claim 1 into rows the use
of solid or hollow cores & fitting the internal space of the said bricks and adapted.
to reach into two or more adjacent bricks of the various rows.
3. Method of combining the bricks as claimed in Claims 1 and 2 so as to form
ceilings, arches, floors, pavings walls and so on, characterized in that the con-
nection of the hollow bricks into rows and the connection between the several
rows is effected by externally disposed ribs and grooves in the bricks, while their
connection at right angles to the ribs and grooves is effected by means of solid
or hollow cores adapted to reach halfway into any two adjacent hollow bricks.
Dated this 11th day of July 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.