IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES, TUBES, OR WAYS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER OR OTHER FLUID. AND IN MEANS OR APPA- RATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE, AND SUPPLY OF SUCH FLUID. AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE FORMING OF SUCH CONNECTIONS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Adolphe Herrmann and Ernest Innocent Emile
Herrmann, Engineers, of Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Inven-
tion of IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES, TUBES, OR WAYS
FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER OR OTHER FLUID. AND IN MEANS OR APPA-
RATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE, AND SUPPLY OF SUCH FLUID.
AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE FORMING OF SUCH
CONNECTIONS."
Sealed the 15th February 1859, and dated the 16th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Apolphe Herrmann
and Ernest Innocent Emile Herrmann at the Office of theCommissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th August 1858.
:
We, LOUIS ADOLPHE HERRMANN and ERNEST INNOCENT EMILE HERRMANN,
Engineers, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES. TUBES.
OR WAYS. FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER OR OTHER FLUID, AND IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE. AND SUPPLY OF SUCH FLUID.
AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE FORMING OF SUCH CON-
NECTIONS to be as follows:-
One object of the Invention is to facilitate the connecting together lengths
of pipe without the necessity of employing hot metal or of soldering, and also
[Price 8d.]

page_text: the use of piping without flanges or other such means of connection. For
this purpose we apply over the adjoining ends of pipe a band or ring of lead,
or other such soft metal, and we force such into close contact by means of two
compressing rings of iron or other hard metal, formed, by preference, conical on
the inside to press tightly upon the band or ring of soft metal; these rings of
hard metal are formed with rings or projecting surfaces externally, in order
that clamps may be applied thereto to draw them together, and thereby
tighten them upon the band of soft metal, and such projecting surfaces also
give facility for the action of means for withdrawing the rings of hard metal
when required to remove them.
In place of two compressing rings acting by being drawn towards each
other, we sometimes employ only one of such rings, or one ring may be
employed formed in two parts, with ears for screws or other tightening means
capable of being drawn tightly towards each other upon the band of soft metal,
and this band of soft metal may be applied by being bent over, so that the
ends thereof meet or overlap each other.
We also form the adjoining ends of the pipes with small flanges covered
with soft packing, enclosed on each edge by a band of soft metal, enclosed by
a band or collar of hard metal; and we also form such collar with a rib or
ring projecting inwards between two of such thicknesses of packing, omitting
the flanges to the adjoining end of pipe. Also we form such adjoining ends
with bevilled edges for the reception of the packing. Also we form one
adjoining end of pipe with a flange, and the other without, the soft metal
being compressed tightly upon the joint by a loose flange or ring drawn
thereon towards the fixed flange by screws, or such like means.
We also form flanged ends of pipes with recesses to receive a ring of soft
metal,compressed by the tightening together of such flanges. When either
or both of the pipes to be connected are formed of soft metal, we form such
ends of the soft metal bell-mouthed or conical, and within such formed ends
we apply a ring to fit, and thereby support it internally, and draw the parts
together by flanges or rings acted upon by screws, or such like means.
We also hold one tube or branch to another tube by means of T or hooked
pieces passed through the opening in the tube to which such branches are
connected, lead or other soft metal being introduced between the adjoining
parts.
We also connect one tube to another larger one by means of an inner tube
or lining of soft metal, whose ends are turned one over the end of the one
tube, whilst the other end is turned up within the hole in the larger tube. To
facilitate this operation, we pass an instrument with a hooked end within this

page_text: lining tube, screw it up, and then, by causing it to turn round, produce the
turning up desired.
We also unite the ends of tubes of soft metal together or to others of
harder metal, by forming such ends bell-mouthed or conical. passing them over
correspondingly formed internal pieces, and then embracing them by conical
or bell-mouthed rings or collars.
The valves for the discharge of fluid are acted upon to open them from the
under side by lifting the nose or mouth pieces to the discharge ways, and this
lifting may be facilitated by forming inclined ways in the parts, so that by
turning the nose or mouth piece partly round the desired lifting will be effected,
and the pressure of the fluid upon the valves is sufficient to keep them closed
when not lifted by such nose or mouthpieces.
We also form discharge ways in two parts united together at the valve
seats.so that the union of the two parts also retains the valve seat in position,
and admits of its being readily cleansed or replaced.
We regulate the flow or discharge of the fluid by means of sliding valves
operated by screws, such valves having a spring or springs acting with a
tendency to press the rubbing surfaces together, whilst there are guiding
means to conduct the rubbing surfaces from each other so soon as the passage
begins to open, and a pulley or wheel acting upon an inclined plane on the
back of the valve insures tight closing. To admit of this play of the valve,
there is a screw collar carried by and capable of moving to and fro in a slot
in the valve. A compound tube, one part of which is capable of sliding over
the other, serves to guide the key to the valve, and at the same time admit of
variation in the level of the road or way.
In place of the screw for moving the valve passing through the parts of the
valve, the screw stem may be formed with a neck embraced by the parts of
the valve, and the screw on the stein may pass through a female screw carried
by the framing; the plug to close the opening for the passage of a key for
operating the valve is held in position by a kind of bayonet joint, and kept
from disconnection by a chain in the inside.
We regulate the supply of fluid by causing the supply valve to be acted
upon by one end of a lever, whose other end supports a float in such inauner
that when the float descends below a certain level the valve will be lifted; when
it rises, the valve will be permitted to fall, to be retained in position by the
pressure of the fluid employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Adolphe Herrmann and Ernest Innocent Emile
Herrmann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
we, LOUIS
ADOLPHE HERRMANN and ERNEST INNOCENT EMILE HERRMANN, Engineers, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign,did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Louis Adolphe Herrmann and Ernest Innocent Emile Herrmann, Her special
licence that we, the said Louis Adolphe Herrmann and Ernest Innocent
Emile Herrmann, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Louis Adolphe Herrmann and Ernest Innocent Emile
Herrmann, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONNECTING TOGETHER PIPES, TUBES, OR WAYS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER OR
OTHER FLUID, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OR DIB-
CHARGE, AND SUPPLY OF
BUCH FLUID, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FACILI
TATING THE FORMING OF SUCH CONNECTIONS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Louis Adolphe Herrmann and Ernest Innocent Emile
Herrmann, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Louis Adolphe Herrmann and Ernest
Innocent Emile Herrmann, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say -
One object of the Invention is to facilitate the connecting together lengths
of pipe, without the necessity for employing hot metal, or of soldering, and
also the use of piping without flanges or other such means of connection. For

page_text: this purpose we apply over the adjoining ends of pipe a band or ring of lead
or other such soft metal, and we force such into close contact by means of two
compressing rings of iron or other hard metal, formed, by preference, conical
on the inside, to press tightly upon the band or ring of soft metal. These
rings of hard metal are formed with rings or projecting surfaces externally, in
order that clamps may be applied thereto to draw them together, and thereby
tighten them upon the band of soft metal; and such projecting surfaces also
give facility for the action of means for withdrawing the rings of hard metal
when required to remove them.
In place of two compressing rings acting by being drawn towards each
other, we sometimes employ only one of such rings, or one ring may be
employed, formed in two parts, with ears for screws or other tightening means
capable of being drawn tightly towards each other upon the band of soft
metal; and the band of soft metal may be applied by being bent over, so that
the ends thereof meet or overlap each other.
We also form the adjoining ends of the pipes with small flauges covered
with soft packing, enclosed on each edge a band of soft metal, enclosed by
a band or collar of hard metal; and we also form such collar with a rib or
ring projecting inwards between two of such thicknesses of packing, omitting
the flanges to the adjoining ends of pipes. Also we form such adjoining ends
with bevilled edges for the reception of the packing. Also we form one
adjoining end of pipe with a flange, and the other without the soft metal,
being compressed tightly upon the joint by a loose flange or ring drawn
thereon towards the fixed flange by screws or such like means.
We also form flanged ends of pipes with recesses to receive a ring of soft
metal, compressed by the tightening together of such flanges. When either
or both of the pipes to be connected are formed of soft metal, we form such
ends of the soft metal bell-mouthed or conical, and within such formed ends
we apply a ring to fit, and thereby support it internally, and draw the parts
together by flanges or rings acted upon by screws or such like means.
We also hold one tube or branch to another tube by means of T or hooked
pieces passed through the opening in the tube to which such branches are
connected, lead or other soft metal being introduced between the adjoining
parts.
We also connect one tube to another larger one by means of an inner tube
or lining of soft metal, whose ends are turned one over the end of the one
tube, whilst the other end is turned up withing the hole in the larger tube.
To facilitate this operation, we pass an instrument with a hooked end within

page_text: this lining tube,screw it up, and then, by causing it to turn round,produce the
turning up desired.
We also unite the ends of tubes ofsoft metal together, or to others of harder
metal, by formning such ends bell-mouthed or conical, passing them over
correspondingly formed internal pieces, and then embracing them by conical or
bell-mouthed rings or collars.
The valves for the discharge of fluid are acted upon to open them from
the under side, by lifting the nose or mouth pieces to the discharge ways, and
this lifting may be facilitated by forming inclined ways in the parts, so that
by turning the nose or mouth piece partly round, the desired lifting will be
effected, and the pressure of the fluid upon the valve is sufficient to keep them
closed when not lifted by such nose or mouth pieces.
We also form discharge ways in two parts united together at the valve
seats, so that the union of the two parts also retains the valve seat in position,
and admits of its being readily cleansed or replaced.
We regulate the flow or discharge of the fluid by means of sliding valves
operated by screws, such valves having a spring or springs acting with a
tendency to press the rubbing surfaces together, whilst there areguiding means
to conduct the rubbing surfaces from each other so soon as the passage begins
to open, and a pulley or wheel acting upon an inclined plane on the back of
the valve insures tight closing. To admit of this play of the valve there is a
screw collar carried by, and capable of moving to and fro in a slot in the
valve. A compound tube, one part of which is capable of sliding over the
other, serves to guide the key to the valve, and at the same time admit of
variation in the level of the road or way.
In place of the screw for moving the valve passing through the parts of the
valve, the screw stem may be formed with a neck embraced by the parts of
the valve, and the screw on the stem may pass through a female screw carried
by the framing the plug to close the opening for the passage of a key for
operating the valve is held in position by a kind of bayonet joint, and kept
from disconnection by a chain on the inside.
We regulate the supply of fluid by causing the supply valve to be acted
upon by one end of a lever, whose other end supports a float in such manner,
that when the float descends below a certain level the valve will be lifted;
when it rises, the valve will be permitted to fall, to be retained in position by
the pressure of the fluid employed.
But that the nature of these our improvements may be more fully under-
stood, we will proceed to describe more in detail the means pursued by us.

page_text: Sheet 1. of the Drawings annexed, shows various views of an arrangement
of pipes or tubes with expansible joints formed according to our improvements.
In Figure 1 the tubes C, C, are of the same diameter in their entire length,
being hollow cylinders or tubes, without flanges or other projections at their
extremities; they are placed end to end, and capable of being laid or removed
independently of each other. The distinctive characteristics of our pipes or
tubes will thus be understood. Till now tubes or pipes, as cast for
water, have either been formed with flanges, or with a socket at one end and
a small projecting ring at the other, such that the end of one tube may
enter the socket of the other. Our tubes to the contrary have no flanges,
and no particular form at their extremities.
gas or
Figure 2 represents separately a tube according to our arrangement, on a
smaller scale. Tubes thus formed are, according to our improvements, placed
end to end, and united by cast rings, with the interposition of lead to obtain
a close and at the same time flexible junction throughout the whole length of
a tube. This remarkable difference results, that when an ordinary tube with
flanges, sockets, or other connecting means, is cut or broken, it offers only
pieces of a tube which which cannot be utilized but by the aid of extraordinary
means; whilst, on the contrary, one of our tubes being cut or broken, offers
as much facility for the same method of connection as with entire and new
tubes. The expansion joints of our tubes are composed simply of a ring A
cast in lead (the form of which, before the tightening of the joint, is repre-
sented at Figure 3), and of a collar B composed of two cast rings D, D',
Figures 1 and 3,of conical form on their interior diameter, and provided with
circular projections I and I' upon their exteriors. The tightening of the ring
of lead A upon the tubes is effected by bringing the two compressing rings
D, D', towards each other by means of suitable pincers, or more simply by
means of hammers.
When the compressing rings D, D', touch, as represented at Figure 1, the
ends of the lead ring which project beyond each side of the compressing rings
are beaten up, and it is by this beating of the lead, with or without the
application of red lead or other coating, that the security of the joint is
obtained. To release the joint, the compressing rings D, D', have to be
separated from each other, and this separating is effected by means of pincers
acting in an inverse manner to the first, or it may be effected by means of
hammers. The ring of lead is then cut at each end of the tube to be taken
up, two new rings of lead are introduced upon the new tube. and these rings
slided upon the ends of the adjacent tubes are then placed, and the compressing

page_text: cast-iron rings previously passed over the tubes are tightened at the place the
joint should occupy, and the two joints thus re-made are beaten up The
position of the joint upon the ends of the tubes is indicted by a circular line,
previously made with a guage, or red lead, or otherwise. Figure 4 represents
a T piece for branches of the same diameter as the tube. Figure 2; and we
have, of course, series of cross pieces, T pieces, and of smaller tubes, which
may be placed as required for the work.
It follows from the improvements above described, that the new arrange-
ment of tube requires no particular length of tube, prevents waste of tubing,
and permits the laying of a tube upon several points at the same time in both
directions, by following all kinds of curves it permits of effecting junctions
without difficulty, and it prevents repairs upon new work, as is the case in
tubes with socket, flange, or other connection.
When the work requires variations of diameters, or the employment of
branch pipes, the laying or the substitution of the tubes is effected rapidly
without waste, and the replacing of the tubes is always a methodical work
completed by the various means of junction which are afterwards described.
Figure 1 of Sheet 2 is simply a reproduction of the previonsly described
arrangement of tubes, and which is the principal object of our improvements.
This joint is here shown for the purpose of allowing comparison with the other
arrangements of joints of the same, Sheet 2; the object of all which is to
obtain in a more or less perfect manner the laying of the tubes end to end,
and independently of each other, whether the tubes terminate or not by
packing, flanges, or other forms, Figure 2 represents the method of coupling
which we employ to join our tubes upon a flanged tube. It is again the
application of the same idea; one of the compressing rings D of the joint is
of the form of a flange, and the ring of cast lead A forms the joint upon the
tube, and is beaten in the form of a collar to complete the joining of the lead
between the flanges D) and G by means of bolts. In Figure 3 we have shown
the ends of the tubes bevilled in such a manner that the juncture of two
adjacent tubes forms between them a triangular and circular cavity o, in
which may be wound tarred cord or other coating, whether the lead is run
in position or the ring of lead is previously cast.
Figures 4; 5, 6, and 7 show our arrangement of lead joint for uniting
flanged tubes and making our junctures; it is to obtain very easily and with a
small quantity of lead a secure joint upon rough cast metal. The extremities
of the flanged tubes may be of the ordinary form, or they may be provided
with a circular groove C, which is coated with red lead or putty, and in which

page_text: is placed a ring of lead C¹, cast or soldered, which is crushed by the screwing
of the bolts of the flanges, and then entirely fills the annular cavity C.
Figure 4 shows the joint before the tightening; Figure 5, the joint completed;
and Figures 6 and 7 the ring of lead C. This arrangement of joint is of
great advantage for the union of pieces of any form which are required, to
support heavy pressures in this way that the ring of lead Cis capable of taking
and following all kinds of forms, and another application of it will be found
in the chamber of our sluice valves hereafter described.
Figure 8 shows an expansion joint (for tubes or otherwise) upon tubes with-
out sockets or flanges, or any other projections,and upon our tubes. This joint
is composed of a simple cast coupling D of reduced dimensions,the interior of
which may be cylindrical or ofa conical form so as to facilitate the unwedging
of the coupling; it is further composed of a ring of lead A interposed between
the tubes C and the coupling D, which may be run when the coupling is in
position upon the tubes, or run previously in a mould of convenient form.
Tarred cord or other coating may be employed, placed upon the ends of the
tubes to facilitate the casting of the lead in position, or lead wound upon the
tubes, and the coupling placed over it may be employed. The lead A is
beaten up in all cases to the right and left of the coupling.
Figures 9 and 10 show a similar joint to that shown at Figure 8, except
that in this case the coupling is in two pieces, D and D¹, united by bolts.
The ring of lead A is previously cast, or it may be cast in position, or taken
in the band and wound upon the position of the joint, and soldered or united
by a bevil joint; the coupling in all cases is tightened upon and the lead
is beaten up on both sides.
Figures 11 and 12 show two modifications of the system of joints referred
to. The extremities of each tube in Fig. 11 are provided with a small
flange I; the tarred cord and the coupling being placed over two adjacent
tubes, the lead is cast and beaten up, so that the junction of two tubes is
composed of two distinct joints united by the same coupling D. In the joint,
Figure 12, the tubes have no flange or other projection, at their extremities
we again employ tarred cord.and the lead is run in position, the coupling D
is provided with an interior circular projection with two or three stops S,
against which the end of each tube rests, so as to fix the coupling in the
desired position. These stops S are capable of being broken when releasing a
coupling at the time of taking upa tube,as will be seen. We have shown only
some of our arrangements of lead coupling applied to obtain a continuous
tube with expanding and flexible joints, but they are susceptible of many
variations.

page_text: Sheet 3 shows an arrangement of sluice valves for water, which are also
adapted for gas. The improvements in sluice valves consist in the application
of a new mode of closing them,consisting in causing the valve to rest upon the
seat, by operating at the same time upon the two sides of the diameter of the
opening to be closed by the valve, or only upon the centre of the valve by the
coming together of two inclined planes, or of a single one fixed upon the
valve, with two other fixed inclined planes, or a single one fixed upon the
body of the valve, or by the coming in contact of an inclined plane forming
part of the valve, with a pulley upon a shaft fixed to the body of the valve
and situated, by preference, about the centre of the height of the valve when
the valve is closed.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 show various views of a sluice valve, and parts con-
nected therewith, according to this part of the improvements, the distinctive
features of which are, the placing the valve vertically under a cast keyhole,
whatever the diameter and the depth of the tube in the soil, rendering the
ordinary shaft of masonry unnecessary. Also the cylindrical and hemispherical
form of the chamber P of the valve, giving the greatest uniform resistance
with the least weight of cast metal. Also the opening the valve V without
contact with the seat S, which effect is obtained by two inclined planes A, A.
coming against the ears B, B, of the valve V, and by the sliding of the nut D
in the cavity of the valve; the spring R is for the purpose of maintaining the
valve rigid, and prevent contact thereof with the seat during the opening and
closing; we prefer to apply a discharge at the lower part of the chamber P,
placed below the tube, and allowing of emptying the water or tar, which may
be worked with a valve by means of a valve shaft T, as described, or with a
distinct valve situated under a key shaft near the sluice valve; or for gas there
may be simply a syphon. Also the method of joining the two halves of the
chamber of the sluice valve by means of a séinicircular cavity upon each part
of the joint, and of a continuous wire of lead furnished with red lead; the lead
wire is forced into the annular cavity formed by the union of the two halves of
the valve by means of bolts O. Also the manner of closing and securing the
valve V upon the seat S by means of an inclined plane L forming part of the
valve V, and of a pulley M upon a fixed shaft N, acting upon the inclined
plane L at the centre of the valve V, to obtain the closing thereof.
Valves arrranged for gas have the same distinctive characteristics, and are
closed by the saine means; they only differ in the suppression of the inclined
planes A, A, and of the ears B, B, of the valve, which we allow to slide upon
the seat in order to free the tar which may stick thereon: Slice valves, s
also ordinary valves, may be constructed with exterior screws, which will

page_text: indicate by their position, or by the position of the key, whether the valve is
raised or lowered.
We will now describe our arrangement of key shaft with moveable head
pieces. To operate our valves, placed in the earth, we employ key shafts
of cast metal thus arranged: -Sheet 3, Figures 1 and 2, Y is a cap covering
the stuffing box of the valve, which may form a chamber in two parts when
the key shaft is for the ordinary stop valve; in this case the stop valve would
be enclosed in the chamber. T is a tube, resting by means of a loose socket
upon the cap or chamber Y; the length of this tube varies according to the
depth of the valve in the soil; V is a moveable heal-piece, in the form of
paving, fitting loosely upon the tube T, provided with a bayonet plug d and a
retaining chain. This moveable head-piece rests upon the earth by its shoe VI,
and is independent of the tube 1, in order that shocks may not be com-
municated to the sluice valve. In the sinking of the earth the head-piece
follows more or less over the tube, and may be again raised by adding
sand beneath the shoe V
Sheet shews various arrangements of branches and supply pipes adapted
either for water or gas. The peculiar feature of our branches or supply pipes
consists essentially in making the point of attachment of the branch upon
the interior of the tube, in place of upon the exterior, by a collar, or in the
thickness of the tube, by screwing, and is susceptible of various modifications,
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of Sheet 4 shew several sections of an arrangement of
supply pipe F fixed upon the tube T by means of a bolt A, with a double
hook or T-piece B, B, which is introduced into the tube through the hole C
of the supply pipe; these Figures also shew the junction J of the supply pipe
with a tube of lead, which will be presently described; and Figure 4, the
joint J of the supply pipe, with a tapped iron pipe.
A second arrangement of supply pipe is shewn at Figures 5 and 6; it
consists in attaching the body of the branch F upon the tube T by means of
two bolts A, with single claws B. The claws or hooks B, when in the position
indicated in red by Figure 6, may easily pass through the hole in the tube to
fix the supply pipe; it is only necessary to turn the rods in such manner, that
the hook come against the tube; the nuts C are screwed up, and the ring of
lead o is beaten to complete the brauch. The hooks B may be central, and
spring upon the rod of the bolts.
A third arrangement of supply pipe is shewn at Figures 7 and S; it consists
in uniting to the tube T the supply pipe or cylinder B, provided with flanges
for the joint of a lead or iron tube by the interposition of a metallic tube A

page_text: widened at C, and punched or compressed in the interior of the tube at D.
round the entire circumference of the hole, which we,by preference; effect by
means of a special instrument for the purpose, represented upon the branch
at Figure S, where the collar D of the tube A is formed. Figure 9 shows
the same tube A before the forming of the interior collar D.
The punch or instrument which we prefer to employ to fix the elbow-
piece of the supply piece is formed as shewn at Figures 8 and 10. A is
the body of the punch, the lower part is cylindrical and bell-mouthed at
C', 'C', following the expansion of the metal tube, the upper part receives
a nut 'E, the centre carries an arm R to turn the instrument in the elbow-
picce; B is a steel rod terminated at the bottom by a hook or claw'F; the
form of which is adapted to produce the form required to the collar D; it
is provided at the top with an eye' G.
This hooked rod is fitted into a groove in the body A of the instrument, so
that to put in and take out the punch from the metallic tube, it is sufficient
to turn the rod B in such manner that the hook F may occupy the position
indicated in red at Figure 8; C is a screw, with collar and bayonet at N for
the purpose of attaching the rod B to the screw, the rotation to the nut of
which by means of the handle I produces the to-and-fro motion of the hook F
necessary to punch, raise, or compress successively all parts of the circum-
ference of the metallic tube at D. To pierce the holes for the supply pipes
upon the tubes, we prefer to employ the circular tools and augurs represented
at Figures 11 and 12 of the same Sheet, which work endwise and cut in such
mauner that the matter finds an easy exit to the exterior by helical grooves C.
These circular augurs are formed of flat rolled steel with a groove D, which
causes the augur to spring in such manner that as the piercing progresses it
clasps the core of matter which remains in the centre,and is not bythese means
allowed to fall into the tube. And for working in the trench we employ a
piercing machine, which we attach in any position upon the tube bymeans of a
chainsuitable to all diameters. Also wecouple the circular augur withthe shaft
of the piercing machine in suchway as to facilitate withdrawingatpleasure the
augur from the hole. Motion is given by means of gearing with a click handle
or lever. By means of the circular augur, and the branch last described,
supply pipes may be connected to tubes without appreciable leakage; thus,
when the hole is pierced upon the tube, the circular augur is lowered till it
touches the conical part B, B, Figure 11, the augur then forms a plug; a pin
which fixes the augur at E upon the pierci :g machine, is then withdrawn,the
machine is reinoved, and when the elbow-piece of the branch is ready to be

page_text: placed inposition; the elbow-picce placed upon the punch is rapidlysubstituted
for the circular augur which is taken from the hole. This is the only time
when leakage can take place; for gas the. inconvenience amounts to nothing,
but for water it will be convenient to shut the sluice.valves for a few minutes
on eithe rside of the place where the supply pipe is being attached, which will
always suffice to place the elbow-piece and make the junction with the tube
of the supply pipe. It would be easy to arrange a tool working in a similir
manner to effect the placing of the elbow-piece upon a tube fully charged; it
would consist of a close chamber, which would be fixed by a joint and bolts
upon the place where the supply pipe is required, and in.which, by means of
stuffing boxes, the augur or augurs could be operated; a hooked bolt or bolts
would then be placed, the elbow-piece would be supplied with closing meaus, .
which would be opened after removal of the close chamber, and after having
completed the joint of the tube with the supply pipe. The circular augur
may be employed to pierce metallic surfaces without having, recourse to an
exterior fulcrum; that is, by taking the fulcrum of the augur upon the surface
itself to be pierced.
Figure 13 shows another arrangement of the tool. A is the in etallic
surface to pierce; B, the circular springing augur; C, the augur holder, which
is formed hexagonal at C to receive a click or catch lever giving. rotary
motion to the augur; D; a steel circular rod fixed by its base to the surface A
to be pierced by means of a tapped hole of small diameter, and receiving.at
the top a screw handle E with a collar, by means of which to effect the setting
up of the augur.
We will now describe means of joining secondary. tubes of distribution
without solder and with ring joints. The arrangement of joint we apply in
our distributing apparatus is by means of flanges.or screw connections, and is
composed for a simple joint, as shewn at Figures 11 and: 15, of a lead or cast
metal ring A, of the form of two inclines opposed to each other, as shown;
this ring receives upon its inclines the extremities of the lead pipes B, or bell-
mouthed joining pieces; and the close fitting of the whole is obtained by
flanges and bolts Cor bya screw channel,and a nut screwed thereon. The bell-
mouthed form to the lead tube is obtained.by means of a mandril, T, Figure
16, which is pushed into the tube, and which is driven by several blows of
a hammer till the lead butts upon the part P.of the mandril T. For iron or
copper tubes, expansion pieces are brased at the position of the joints, or the
tubes are tapped, as has been described in respect of Figure 4.
Figures 17 and 18 show, a double ring joint or. T.joint upona, tube, of the

page_text: same diameter. We employ ring joints in manufacturing works, and in those
of tubes in the public roads for water or gas.
Those which follow are
applicable to the interiors of houses.
:
Bythe arrangement of conical friction joints for tubes shown at Figures 19,
20, and 21, we have endeavoured to get rid of the difficulties attendant upon
the use of solder and the employment of fire. The lead pipe is opened by
means of a mandril or punch 'T', with enlargement at P', shown at Figure 1
and the joint is effected by means of exterior rings A and an interior que B
of rough cast metal. The end of the lead tube is forced between the parts A
and B by means of suitable pincers. Figure 19 shows a sectional view of a
simple joint of this kind, and Figure 20 a T joint for lead tube of same
diameter.
Sheet 5 shows an arrangement of water distributor for stories of houses.
We have endeavoured to get rid of by means of this distributing apparatus the
blows from the concussion of water in tubes produced when abruptly closing
the taps, by regulating by constant means the pressure at each floor in such
manner that the water does not gush out of the valves, but flows without
pressure, as in ordinary cisterns. This result attained by the distributor for
floors, we complete our system of interior distribution by orifices or valves
closing of themselves for the purpose of preventing any chance of inundation
on a floor, as often occurs by forgetting to close an ordinary valve.
Two principal features characterize our distributor for stories, as shown at
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 5. First, the moveability of the valve, with its seat
D, D', with changeable orifices to regulate the flow of water to each floor or
story, as shown at Figures 3 and 4. Second, the very small capacity of the
reservoir or chamber in comparison with the float F contained therein, the
result of which is to cause the valve to act at the least change of level of the
water in the chamber C. A represents a bracket or column fixed to the wall
at about three feet above the valves of the floor,and forming part of thesupply
pipe a, a, fully charged with water from the street; B,anarm from the bracket
supporting the chamber or reservoir C. These arms may be suppressed, and
the chamber C form part of the column A; C, the circular reservoir of cast
metal provided with the tube H for the distribution on the floor, and the tube
J for the overflow in cases of leakage of the valve. The capacity of the
reservoir is also verysmall,so that the water will remain in it the least possible
time; D shows an arrangement of valve with moveable seat and a guide D,
adopted in all our supply apparatus for houses.
This valve closes by its own weight and by the pressure of the water.. Its

page_text: change or repair is rendered very easy and rapid by means of the capability of
removing the cap I fixed upon the valve by the bolts o, and by the ring joint K;
E is a float lever with its centre at L; F, a float united to the lever by a shaft
and nut N; G, a cover for closing the reservoir C. The distributor shown by
Sheet 5 is a large model for 15 or 20 valves on the floor; much smaller may
be constructed for 2 to 4 valves per floor.
The working of the distributor is very simple. When the level of the water S
falls in consequence of opening one or more taps on the floor, the float Ffollows
this level, and its weight acts by means of the lever F upon the lower rod of
the valve D1, which is raised from its seat. Water from the street then enters
into the chamber C in the proportion required by the valves of the floor. For
the purpose of rapidly regulating in position the maximum quantity of water
to give each story, we employ valves of all diameters of orifice according to
when the pressure of the tube a, a, is more or less strong; these valves are
made previously. Figures 3 and 4 represent two of them. By means of these
valves we succeed in utilizing apparatus of very small capacity and reduced
price.
Sheet 6 represents an arrangement of valves for yards and valves for floors
the peculiar features of which are the employing the nose of the valve to effect
the opening, and in such manner that the valves will close again of themselves as
soon as they are released. Figures 1 and 2 represent an arrangement of yard
valve capable of acting by the pressure of the supply pipe or by the distributor
of the floor, according as the section of passage is modified by changing the
moveable valve with its seat D, D1, as is shown at Figure 3. A is the connec-
tion in cast metal provided with the water supply tube a, a, and fixed upon
slate by means of bolts M; D, D¹, the moveable valve and seat already
described, the section of which will be varied according to the pressure of the
water; E, the spout surrounding the valve D, D¹, and carrying the moveable
nose F of the valve; G is a cross piece fixed to the moveable nose F, for the
purpose of raising the valve D¹. As soon as the nose is released it falls, and
the valve closes.
It is
Figure 4 represents a valve for a floor formed in a similar manner.
still the nose F which it is necessary to raise to permit the passage of water;
the valve D is free and closes by its own weight as soon as the nose F is
released; the section of the valve may be varied, the valve being moveable, as
in the yard valve.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
we carry the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not

page_text: confine ourselves to the precise details referred to, so long as the peculiarities
of the several parts of the Invention be adopted substantially, as explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said Louis Adolphe Herrmann and Ernest
Innocent Emile Hermann, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
LOUIS ADOLPHE HERRMANN.
(L.S.)
ERNEST INNOCENT EMILE HERRMANN. (L.B.)
A. PERPIGNA,
of 42, Rue Neuve St. Augustin,
Paris.