A MODE OF MINGLING THE VAPOUR OF BI-SULPHURET OF CARBON AND STEAM, AND APPLYING THEM AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernard Hughes, of Rochester, New York, United
States, but now of 67, Gracechurch Street, London, for the Invention of
"A MODE OF MINGLING THE VAPOUR OF BI-SULPHURET OF CARBON AND STEAM,
AND APPLYING THEM AS A MOTIVE POWER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernard Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1855.
I, BERNARD HUGHES, of Rochester, New York, United States, but now of
67, Gracechurch Street, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A MODE OF MINGLING THE VAPOUR OF BI-SULPHURET OF CARBON
AND STEAM, AND APPLYING THEM AS A MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing a generator in connection with a
steam boiler alone, or in conjunction with apparatus for gradually heating the
bi-sulphuret of carbon as it approaches the generator in which the vapour of
the bi-sulphuret of carbon is mixed with the steam, and in an apparatus for
separating from the condensed steam the condensed bi-sulphuret of carbon
for re-use.
...
The generator, constructed of proper material & of convenient form, is
divided by a perforated diaphragm into two parts. The upper & smaller
receives, through a pipe provided with a check valve, steam from the boiler,
& from the receiver through another pipe the bi-sulphuret of carbon injected
by a force pump. A. more intimate union of the two vapours takes place in
the lower portion, & in this state they are applied as a motive power. The

page_text: exhaust vapour then passes through a series of pipes, cooled by water or
otherwise, into a receiver, where its superior specific gravity causes the bi-
sulphuret of carbon to fall to the bottom, whence it is again drawn by the
force pump, while an air pump, also applied to the receiver, creates a
vacuum, & draws off the surplus water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Bernard Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st June 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BERNARD
HUGHES, of Rochester, New York, United States, but now of 67, Gracechurch
Street, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Bernard Hughes, Her special licence that I, the said Bernard Hughes,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Bernard Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A MODE OF MINGLING
THE BI-SULPHURET OF CARBON AND STEAM, AND APPLYING THEM AS A MOTIVE
POWER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Bernard
Hughes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bernard Hughes, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The nature of my Invention consists in mingling the vapour of bi-sulphuret
of carbon and steam, and applying them as a motive power.

page_text: The Invention consists in constructing a generator in connection with a
steam boiler alone, or in combination with an apparatus for gradually heating
the bi-sulphuret of carbon as it approaches the generator, and in an apparatus
for separating from the condensed steam the condensed bi-sulphuret for re-use.
The exhaust vapour having performed its function passes down through a
vessel filled with tubes, through which the bi-sulphuret passes up to the
generator, and is more or less heated by the action of the heat from the
exhaust vapour upon the tubes. The bi-sulphuret vapour is then received in
a condenser filled with tubes laid nearly horizontal, but having a gentle
declination, and running to and fro to a length such-that the vapour is con-
densed by the action of the cold water on the outside of the tubes, and falls
from the lower end of the tubes into the receiver beneath it. In this the
bi-sulphuret falls by its superior specific gravity to the bottom, and is again
sent to the generator by the force pump. The air pump attached to the
receiver, besides producing the necessary vacuum, keeps the water always
below a certain point by drawing off the excess.
The generator may be constructed of any metal not affected by the corrosive
action of the bi-sulphuret, and of any convenient form. I consider the cylin-
drical generally to be the best. This generator is set upright and divided by
a perforated partition or diaphragm. Its upper & much the smaller part
receives from the boiler, through a pipe fitted with a check valve to prevent
back action, the necessary steam, and from the receiver, either directly or
through intermediate apparatus, through another pipe the bi-sulphuret thrown
into it by a force pump. The partition may consist of one or of a series of
plates placed one below the other, perforated or made of wire, the object
being to break up the bi-sulphuret into minute portions as it passes through
the apertures or interstices so as to present a larger surface to action of the
steam, and thus more readily and rapidly to vaporize the bi-sulphuret, and to
combine the vapour of bisulphuret with the steam in readiness to act upon
the working piston.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bernard Hughes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
BERNARD HUGHES.
(L.S.)