RESERVE A New or Improved Machine or Balance Apparatus for Ascertaining and Classifying Counts or Numbers of the Yarn or other Material from which any Cloth or Woven Fabric has been Made.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 14th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 18th Mar., 1887.
RESERVE
A New or Improved Machine or Balance Apparatus for Ascertaining
and Classifying Counts or Numbers of the Yarn or other
Material from which any Cloth or Woven Fabric has been Made.
1 HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of .17 St. Anns Square, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of
said Invention for A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR BALANCE APPARATUS FOR
ASCERTAINING AND CLASSIFYING COUNTS OR NUMBERS OF THE YARN OR OTHER
MATERIAL FROM WHICH ANY CLOTH OR WOVEN FABRIC HAS BEEN MADE to be. as
follows:
This invention relates to a balance apparatus by means of which the counts or
numbers of yarn or other material from which any cloth or woven fabric has been
made can be ascertained and this can be effected from small cuttings or samples
irrespective of the material of which the fabric is composed whether it be from
worsted, wool, carded wool, cotton, linen, jute, silk or other yarns. All counts or
numberings are by this balance apparatus reduced to a single weight which is fixed as
hereinafter described at one end of the balance arm, at the other end of which is a
hook. In order to determine the size of the respective cuttings or samples, a pattern,
preferably a brass or other metal plate, is prepared for each system of numbering
according to which these samples have to be cut; out of these cuttings or samples a
number of ends are then drawn and a sufficient quantity of these ends put on the hook
on the balance arm until a balance or equipoise is effected. The number of the ends
so put on expresses also the number of the count of the yarn whether it be warp or
weft threads that be tested.

page_text: The balance apparatus is constructed and arranged as follows:-A suitable standard
or frame carries the balance arm in a bearing consisting of a thin steel plate provided
with a small hole or eye through which the balance arm is passed and on the lower
sharp edge of which it lies or rests. The balance arm is not made with a knife edge
fulcrum as is customary in other balances but instead the arm has a V shaped or
angular bend at the point where it rests in the eye. The eye being so small and the
angle so acute the balance arm cannot fall out of the eye and therefore it is not
necessary for the frame to be exactly horizontal as in other balances. As already
mentioned the balance arm has a weight suspended from one end and the other end is
provided with a hook for the ends of yarn. The arm is free to move on its fulcrum a
certain distance only, the movement being limited by a guide. Below the arm a
pendulum is pivoted to the standard and on this pendulum or its axis are secured two
crossbars so weighted and arranged that they constantly assume a horizontal position
Below the balance arm so that when a balance or equipoise of the two ends of the arm
is effected the crossbars are parallel with the arm. One of the crossbars is bent
horizontally at or about a right angle and when too many ends of thread are
put into the hook the balance arm falls and rests upon this bent portion of the
crossbar.
.

page_text: A New or Improved Machine or Balance Apparatus for Ascertaining
and Classifying Counts or Numbers of the Yarn or other
Material from which any Cloth or Woven Fabric has been made.
I HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of 17 St. Anns Square, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
said Invention for A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR BALANCE APPARATUS FOR
ASCERTAINING AND CLASSIFYING COUNTS OR NUMBERS OF THE YARN OR OTHER
MATERIAL FROM WHICH ANY CLOTH OR WOVEN FABRIC HAS BEEN MADE which Invention
has been communicated to me from abroad by Emil Staub, Emilienstrasse 2 Leipzig,
in the Empire of Germany, Spinner, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to a balance apparatus by means of which the counts or
numbers of yarn from which any cloth or woven fabric has been made can be
ascertained and this can be effected from small cuttings or samples irrespective of the
material of which the fabric is composed whether it be from worsted wool carded wool,
cotton, linen, jute, silk, or other yarns.
All counts or numberings are by this balance apparatus reduced to a single weight
which is fixed as hereinafter described at one end of the balance arm at the other end
of which is a book. In order to determine the size of the respective cuttings or
samples a pattern or templet, preferably a brass or other metal plate, is prepared for
cach system of numbering according to which these samples have to be cut out of
these cuttings or samples a number of ends are then drawn and a sufficient quantity of
these onds put on the hook on the balance arm until a balance or equipoise is effected.
The number of the ends so put on expresses also the number of the count of the
yarn whether it be warp or weft threads that be tested.
And in order that the Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings reference being, had to the
figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 an end elevation and Fig. 3 a plan all full size
of the balance apparatus constructed and arranged according to this Invention.
The balance apparatus is supported on one central pedestal a to which is secured the
plate which is preferably blackened to facilitate correct observation. The beam or
balance arm c which is made preferably of fine steel wire is bent at its fulcrum to an acute
angle as indicated by the dotted lines Fig. 1 and is slightly rounded at the point where
it rests upon the lower sharp edge of an eye formed in a thin plate d of steel or other
hard metal. The eye in the plate d being very small and the angle in the balance
arum c being so acute the said arm is always kept in its proper place and cannot fall

page_text: out of the eye. At each end of the arme there is a hook e and c respectively of
which the hook c¹ is intended to receive the ends of yarn to be assorted or classified
and the hook 2 constitutes the weight. It is not by any means essential that the arm
should be weighted by a hook as the weight may be of any form a hook is used by
preference however in order that an additional or auxiliary weight may be suspended
therefrom when ascertaining the count or number of a coarse or heavy yarn. The
arm c is free to oscillate on its fulcrum but is prevented from making too large or
extended a movement by a guide e secured to the pedestal a. Below the arm c there
is pivoted a to the pedestal a pendulum f to which are secured two arms or crossbars ƒ¨¹ƒª
respectively of which the arm is so weighted that the arm f¹ constantly assumes a
horizontal position whether the pedestal stand in an absolutely perpendicular or
somewhat oblique position. The free end of the arm is bent horizontally at or
about a right angle and so comes under the balance arm c.
When it is desired to know the count or number of the yarn of which any cloth or
woven fabric is composed a small piece or sample of the cloth is cut to the size of its
respective templet; a number of ends of either warp or weft are then withdrawn from
this sample and placed upon the hook c¹ until the balance arm c is parallel with the
arm or crossbar fl when a balance or equipoise will have been obtained and the
number of ends on the hook will indicate the number or count of the yarn.
In using
the balance if too large a number of ends of yarns are placed upon the hook a balance may
"be effected by placing some ends on the weight hook; these ends must then be deducted
from those on the first hook.
The size of the templet for any particular yarn is determined by the standard length
now used for ascertaining the count or number of that yarn so that each end of yarn
when drawn out from the piece cut to templet size will be a multiple of the standard
length. Similarly the balance weight, in the example shown in the Drawings the
weight of the hook c², has the same relation or proportion to a pound or other standard
of weight as the templet bears to the standard of length. Consequently the templet
and balance weight bear the same relation to one another as the standard of length
bears to the standard of weight and the templets and balance weights may be altered
so long as this proportion is preserved.
Therefore different templets are required for different goods such as, say, No. 1
templet cotton, No. 2 worsted and woollen, No. 8 linen, No. 4 silk, and so on.
If it be required to ascertain the counts of yarns in fabrics which are made of warp
of one fibre and weft of another fibre, a separate piece or sample must be cut the size
of each respective templet, the warp ends being withdrawn and the count ascertained
from one sample and the weft ends being withdrawn and the count ascertained
from the other sample; or instead of cutting two separate samples the piece may be
cut to the size of the larger templet, then by placing in one corner the smaller templet
representing the other fibre the superfluous piece of cloth may be cut off on one
side so as to leave the length of the warp and weft to agree with their respective
templets.
The counts or numbers of odd lengths of yarn from cops, etc. may be determined by
winding the yarn on its templet in such manner that each thread lies close to its
neighbour. Then cut the threads at both edges of the templet and put sufficient of
them on the hook c' so that a balance is obtained as previously described the number
of threads on the hook will then indicate the number or count of the yarn.
For dyed yarns extra weight must be taken into account; thus for yarn dyed light
colours the counts will be actually from two to five per cent finer than the number
indicated by the balance; for medium shades from five to ten per cent and for dark
shades from ten to twenty per cent. For example a yarn dyed a medium colour will
appear by the balance as a No. 20 yarn whereas in the undyed grey state it is really
No. 22.
.
For bleached yarns also an allowance must be made as by bleaching the weight of a
yarn is diminished four to five per cent or more. For instance bleached yarn
appears by the balance No. 21 whereas the same in undyed grey would have been
about No. 20.

page_text: In coarse and closely woven goods as the real length of the thread when withdrawn
from the piece and straightened exceeds the templet size an allowance must be made
but in fine calico or other fine cloth this elongation of the threads is not appreciable
and need not be taken into account.
Sized warps also have to be taxed from five to ten per cent finer than the nominal
or apparent number as determined by the balance; thus a thread with ten per cent
sizing instead of being a No. 20 yarn as classified by the balance would represent a
No. 22 yarn in the grey state.
The following are some of the chief advantages obtained by the use of this new or
improved balance apparatus or yarn assorter and classifier.
(a.) The numbers or counts of yarn can be quickly and accurately ascertained
from very small pieces of woven goods or from short lengths of yarn from cops,
hanks, etc.
(b.) The apparatus is very small, portable and reliable.
(c.) It is not necessary to have the pedestal of the apparatus exactly level; it
records quite accurately when held in the hand.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is--
1. The use and application of the new or improved balance apparatus substantially
as herein described with reference to the Drawings annexed for the purposes
specified.
2. In apparatus for classifying or ascertaining the counts or numbers of any kinds of
yarn the use and application of a balance weighted uniformly or with one constant
weight in combination with templets or patterns of varying sizes according to the
material or fibre of which the yarn to be classified is composed substantially as herein
set forth.
3. The peculiar construction and arrangement of the balance arme having an
angular bend with a smooth surface bearing on the sharp lower edge of an eye or hole
in a metal plate substantially as herein set forth.
4. In a balance apparatus of the class specified the combination with a balance arm
of a pendulum with two arms or crossbars so weighted and arranged that they constantly
assume a horizontal position substantially as herein set forth.
5. The general construction combination and arrangement of parts substantially as
herein set forth constituting the new or improved balance apparatus for ascertaining
and classifying counts or numbers of yarn.