Improvements in Machinery for Moulding or Treating Dough to Form Loaves and Applicable for similarly Treating other Materials in a Plastic Condition.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Machinery for Moulding or Treating Dough to
Form Loaves and Applicable for similarly Treating other
Materials in a Plastic Condition.
I, THOMAS WATSON, of Ferguslie Thread Works, Paisley, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My said Invention has principally for its object the treating of dough to form
loaves in an economical, cleanly, and expeditious manner, avoiding a large part of the
handling ordinarily required in the operation technically termed moulding. My
improved machinery is also advantageously applicable for similarly treating other
materials in a plastic condition.
The parts of my improved apparatus will be most conveniently and explanatorily
indicated in describing the successive operations to which the dough is subjected in
passing through it. The dough is taken when in a proper condition for being formed
into loaves, and after it has been divided, the portion for each loaf being passed
through the machine separately. At the entering end of the machine there is a
vibrating frame having on it a small tray on which a piece of dough is placed by
hand when the frame is in a horizontal position. The vibrating frame then turns up
into a vertical position and enters the dough between a first pair of rollers which
compressing it and spreading it into a sheet carry it inwards on to a first bottom
endless apron, driven so as to convey it onwards to a second pair of rollers. Above
the first bottom apron there is a first upper inclined apron carried on rollers on a
movable frame. The forward or inner end of this apron is the lower one and its
under side runs backwards its action on the dough sheet being to roll it into
As soon as the dough has been formed into a roll the upper inclined apron rises and
allows the bottom apron to carry the roll to the second pair of rollers which again
compress and spread out the dough and deliver it on to a second bottom endless
apron driven so as to convey it onwards to a third pair of rollers. Above the second
bottom apron there is a first pair of lateral vertical endless aprons which as seen in
roll.

page_text: plan are inclined so that the space between them is narrower near the third pair of
rollers. The inner sides of the lateral aprons run npwards, and their action on the
dough sheet as it passes along is to turn up its lateral edges and fold them inwards.
The dough is a third time compressed and spread into a sheet by the third pair of
rollers which deliver it on to a third bottom endless apron driven so as to convey it
onwards to a fourth pair of rollers. Between the third and fourth pairs of rollers
the dough is acted on by a second pair of lateral vertical endless aprons which again
fold over the lateral edges. The fourth pair of rollers compress, and spread the dough
and deliver it on to a fourth bottom endless apron which carries it further forwards;
and it is next subjected to a second upper inclined apron which is arranged like the
first and which similarly forms it into a roll, rising to let it pass onwards as soon as it
has been formed into a roll. The dough is finally passed between a combination of
the fourth bottom endless apron and an upper endless apron which latter is made to
bear with some pressure and which is driven with its underside running backwards at
about half the speed of the bottom apron. Whilst passing between. these aprons the
roll of dough is acted on by lateral rapidly vibrating dabbers which without interfering
with its rolling and onward movement, gently dab inwards its ends and prevent them
from spreading out. The dabbers are curved blades fixed to transversely moving
slides which are made to reciprocate rapidly inwards and outwards by a rotating cam.
The dough is delivered from the last pair of endless aprons in a rolled form ready for
baking,
All the rollers are driven by means of a combination of spur and bevil gearing, and
each pair of rollers is adjustable as regards the space for the passage of the dough so
that what is found in practice to be the best thickness for the sheet of dough at each
stage may be given to it. Doctors are fitted in connection with each pair of rollers
for keeping their surfaces clean; and the upper rollers are supplied with flour by
means of narrow hoppers on their tops-to prevent adherence of the dough. The
vibrating frame at the entering ond, and the frames carrying the first and second
inclined upper endless aprons are moved by cams. The rollers which carry and move
the several endless aprons are driven by spur or beyil gearing according to their
positions, the lifting movements of the first and second inclined upper endless aprons
being arranged so as to keep the wheels, in gear. In some cases the rollers of the
endless aprons may be driven by means of pulleys and cords or pitch chains.
The various operations and parts for effecting them herein before described may be
repeated oftener than has been mentioned; or each portion of dough may be passed
twice or oftener through the machine. The folding over of the lateral edges of the
dough sheets may be effected by means of endless twisted aprons or belts instead of
aprons arranged as herein before described.
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page_text: Improvements in Machinery for Moulding or Treating Dough to
Form Loaves and Applicable for similarly Treating other
Materials in a Plastic Condition.
I, THOMAS WATSON, of Ferguslie Thead Works, Paisley, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in.
and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention has principally for its object the treating of dough to form
loaves in an economical, cleanly, and expeditious manner, avoiding a large part of the
handling ordinarily required in the operation technically termed moulding.. My
improved machinery is also advantageously applicable for similarly treating other
materials in a plastic condition.
My improved apparatus is shown on two accompanying sheets of explanatory
drawings, figures, 1, and 2, on sheet, 1, being a plan and a side elevation,
and figures, 3, to 7, on sheet, 2, being views of details. In these drawings the
same reference letters are used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are
repeated.
The framing of the machine consists principally of two longitudinal or side
frames, S, which are suitably connected together, and which are provided with
brackets and bearings to carry the various working parts. These working parts will
be most conveniently and explanatorily indicated in describing the successive operations
to which the dough is subjected in passing through it.
The dough is taken when in a proper condition for being formed into loaves, and
after it has been divided, the portion for each loaf being passed through the machine
separately; at the same time successive portions may follow each other rapidly. At
the entering end-the right-hand end in figures, 1, and 2, there is a vibrating frame, A,
having on it a small tray, A 1, on which a piece of dough is placed by hand when
the frame is in a horizontal position. The vibrating frame, A, then turns up into a
vertical position and enters the dough between a first pair of rollers, B 1, which, com-
pressing it and spreading it into a sheet carry it inwards on to a first bottom endless
apron, C1, driven so as to convey it onwards to a second pair of rollers, B 2. Above
the first bottom apron, C1, there is a first upper inclined apron, D 1, carried on rollers
on a movable frame, L. The forward or inner (lefthand) end of this inclined
apron, D1, is the lower one, and its under side runs backwards, its action on the
dough sheet being to roll it into a roll. As soon as the dough has been formed into
a roll the upper inclined apron, D 1, rises and allows the bottom apron, C 1, to carry
the roll to the second pair of rollers, B 2, which again compress and spread out the
dough and deliver it on to a second-bottom-endless apron, (2, driven-so as to convey
it onwards to a third pair of rollers, B 3. Above the second bottom apron, C2, there
is a first pair of lateral vertical endless aprons, F 1, which as seen in plan are inclined
so that the space between them is narrower near the third pair of rollers, B 3. The

page_text: +
inner sides of the lateral aprons, F 1, run upwards, and their action on the dough
sheet as it passes along is to turn up its lateral edges and fold them inwards. The
dough is a third time compressed and spread into a sheet by the third pair of rollers, B3,
which deliver it on to a third bottom endless apron, (3, driven so as to convey it
onwards to a fourth pair of rollers, B4. Between the third and fourth pairs of
rollers, B3, B4, the dough is acted on by a second pair of lateral vertical endless
aprons, F 2, which again fold over the lateral edges.
The fourth pair of rollers, B4, compress and spread the dough and deliver it on to
a fourth bottom endless apron, 04, which carries it further forwards; and it is next
subjected to a second upper inclined apron, D2, which is arranged like the first, and
which similarly forms the dough into a roll, rising to let it pass onwards as soon as it
has been formed into a roll.
The dough is finally passed between a continuation of the fourth bottom endless
apron, C4, and an upper endless apron, G, which latter is made to bear with some
pressure, and which is driven with its under side running backwards (towards the
right hand) at about half the speed of the bottom apron, C4. Whilst passing between
these aprons, G, and C4, the roll of dough is acted on by lateral rapidly vibrating
dabbers, H, indicated by dotted lines in figure, 1, which dabbers without interfering
with its rolling and onward movement, gently dab inwards its ends aud prevent them
from spreading out. The dabbers, HI, are curved blades fixed to transversely moving
rods, H 1, which are made to reciprocate rapidly inwards and outwards by a rotating
cam, H2, shown in face-view in figure; 5. The dough is delivered from the-last-pair
of aprons, G, and 04, (on to a board or receiving apron, not shown) in a rolled form
ready for baking.
All the rollers are driven by combination of spur and bevil gearing, and each pair
of rollers, B, is adjustable as regards the space for the passage of the dough, so that
what is found in-practice to be-the-best-thickness for the sheet of dough.at each stage
may be given to it. Doctors, J, of which one is shown separately in figures, 6, are
applied to the lowermost rollers of each pair, B, the doctors being pressed against the
rollers by weighted levers, or it might be by springs; and the upper rollers, B, are
supplied with four by means of narrow hoppers, K, on their tops (and shown in
section in figure, 2) to prevent adherence of the dough, part of the flour thus supplied
finding its way down to the lower rollers during the intervals between the
the successive portions of dough. The vibrating frame, A, at the entering end, and
the frames, L, carrying the first and second inclined upper endless aprons, D1, D2,
are moved by cams. The vibrating frame, A, is connected by a link, A 2, to a lever, A 3,
which is counterweighted and acted on by a rotating cam, A4, which with the
lever, A 3, is shown separately in figure, 4. In figure, 3, is shown separately the
form of rotating cam, L1, which at proper intervals raises each frame, L, carrying
the upper inclined aprons, D1, D2, the cam acting on a curved projection formed on
the frame.
passages
of
The first-motion shaft, M, of the machine, and which has on it fast and loose
pulleys, M 1, on it for a driving belt, extends across the machine under the third pair
of rollers, B 3, and by bevil wheels, N 3, at its end drives a longitudinal shaft, N,
carried in brackets bolted to the side frame, S. The longitudinal shaft, N, by pairs
of bevil wheels, N 1, to N 6, drives various transverse shafts on which (including the
first-motion shaft, M) there are spurwheels gearing with spurwheels, on the lower
rollers, B, which spurwheels gear with spurwheels, P, on the upper rollers, B, these
various spurwheels being of equal sizes and the lower ones being hidden by
the upper ones, P, in figure 1. On the shaft of the lowest of the first pair of
rollers, B1, there is a spurwheel, Q, which through a spurwheel, Q1, on a stud drives
a pinion on the end of one of the rollers of the first bottom endless apron, C1; and
the second and third bottom aprons, C2, C3, are driven in a similar way.
shaft, R, which has on it the cams, A 4, and L 1, is driven by spurwheels from the
transverse shaft below the first pair of rollers, Bi. The frame, I, of the first upper
inclined apron, D1, is connected by links, L2, jointed on the journals of the upper-
most of the second pair of rollers, B 2, and on the journals of the lower apron roller
The

page_text: and a pinion on the end of this apron roller is driven by a spurwheel on the upper
roller, B 2, the links, L2, keeping the pinion and spurwheel in gear when the frame, L,
is moved. This frame, L, has curved guides, L3, fixed to it, to cause the sheet of
dough to gather towards the middle, or to prevent the sheet spreading too widely or
to either side. Weighted levers, L4, are applied to the frames, L, to counterbalance
more or less of their weight. The driving arrangements and other parts connected
with the second upper inclined apron, D 2, are like those of the first. For driving
the lateral vertical aprons, F 1, F 2, there is on the first-motion shaft, M, a pulley, T,
a cord from which drives a pulley, Ti, on a transverse shaft, T2, which through pulleys
and a belt, T 3, drives another transverse shaft, T4 and bevil wheels, T5, on the
two transverse shafts, T 2, T4, gear with bevil wheels on the upper rollers of the
aprons, F 1, F 2. The rollers of the aprons and the driving details are carried by
brackets bolted to the side frames, S. Some details which are clearly seen in
figure, 1, are omitted in figure, 2, to avoid indistinctness.
The last and longer bottom endless apron, C4, runs over a fixed board, U, and
the endloss apron, G, above it runs under a board, U 1, and these boards cause the
aprons to maintain their positions and press upon the roll of dough passing between
them. The upper apron, G, is adjustable in position and is driven by means of a
spurwheel, G1, on the roller at its inner end and in gear with a pinion, G2, on a
transverse shaft driven by means of a spurwheel, P, like the upper rollers, B. The
bearings of the inner roller of the apron, G, are adjustable in slots in the framing
concentric with the shaft of the pinion, G2, so to keep the wheels, G1, G2, in gear
in different positions. Side arms, G 3, are jointed on the shaft, or journals of the
innor roller of the apron, G, their outer ends which are slotted, resting on the shaft
or journals of the outer roller of the apron, G, and the upper board, U 1, is fixed to
the side arms, G 3. Strong helical springs, V, are placed between the bearings of
the upper and lower rollers, B, of each pair; and the upper rollers are adjusted by
screws which press down the upper bearings more or less against the springs, V,
the screws being fixed by jam nuts when adjusted. A similar arrangement is
adopted for adjusting the rollers of the upper apron, G, at the delivery end of the
machine. The cam, H 2, for working the dabbers, H, under the apron, G, is on a
short shaft carried by a bracket and driven by spurwheels, H 3, from the longitudinal
shaft, N; and the cam acts directly on studs on bars, H4; sliding transversely in
guides and extending across under the lower fixed board, U, the rods, H 1, to which
the dabbers, H, are attached being connected to the bars, H4, and guided in eyes in
fixed brackets.
The various operations and parts for effecting them herein before described may
be repeated oftener than has been mentioned; or each portion of dough or plastic
material may be passed twice or oftener through the machine. The folding over of
the lateral edges of the dough sheets may be effected by means of endless twisted
aprons or belts instead of the vertical aprons, F, hereinbefore described. Figure, 7,
is a diagram showing this alternative arrangement in plan. The twisted aprons, W,
have their rollers at the ends where the dough sheet, indicated by dotted lines, enters
on them, a little inclined above the horizontal but more inclined from a transverse
line as seen in plan. The rollers at the other ends of the twisted aprons, W, are
vertical or nearly so. The bottom apron, (), is narrower than when the other arrange-
ment of the lateral roller is used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1-The machinery for moulding or treating dough to form loaves or for treating
materials in a plastic condition, the parts being constructed, combined, arranged, and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described.
2-In combination with a pair of rollers for compressing and spreading dough or
plastic materials a vibrating table for feeding in portions between the rollers sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.

page_text: 3-In combination with an endless bottom apron an inclined upper endless apron
with its under surface running backwards to roll up a sheet of dough or plastic
material, the said inclined upper apron being arranged to rise at intervals to allow
the rolled material to pass onwards substantially as hereinbefore described.
4-In combination with an endless bottom apron a pair of lateral vertical or
twisted endless aprons to fold over the sides of a sheet of dough or plastic material
as it moves onwards substantially as hereiubefore-described.
5 In combination with an endless bottom apron running over a fixed board, an
upper endless apron with its under surface running backwards at half speed under a
fixed board, and lateral reciprocating dabbers, to act on the roll of dough or plastic
material passing between the two aprons.substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-second day of February 1889.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.