A Method of and Apparatus for the Casting of Tubes, Pipes and other Articles of Regular Form and of Considerable Length.
Year: 1899

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Method of and Apparatus for the Casting of Tubes, Pipes and other
Articles of Regular Form and of Considerable Length.
I, ERNST FÖRSTER, of 43, Sagorodniji Prospect, St. Petersburg, in the Empire
of Russia, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer
ained in and by the following statement;-
This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the casting of tubes
pipes and other articles of regular form and considerable length. This invention
is designed to produce at one operation any number of moulds for tubes pipes
and other articles of regular form and considerable length as a general mould
without an enclosing mould box or case, the castings made from such moulds
being perfectly "seamless, as the moulds are not divided either longitudinally
or transversely.
In order that this invention may be the better understood, I now proceed to
describe how it may be carried into effect, reference being had to the accompany-
ing drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a part sectional front view of the machine before commencement
of the operation.
Figure 2 is a sectional view on the line A-B of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the machine in the first stage of the
machine.
Figure 4 is a sectional view through the upper part of the mould for casting
sockets and the like.
Figure 5 is an enlarged view of part of the machine when the moulding cylinder
returns.
Figure 6 is a sectional view on the line B-C of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a front view of the mantle joint.
Figure 8 is the plan thereof.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of the completed mould.
This method for the casting of oblong articles by machinery is essentially that
the two plates, of which one has patterns and the other corresponding recesses
are moved towards each other so that the sand between them is pressed on to
the patterns. The hollow spaces formed by the removal of the patterns are exactly
adapted to the pattern and show no grooves or joints to form a seam.
The machine for carrying out this method consists essentially of two main
parts which are perfectly arranged so that one is situated below and the other
part above the floor of the works.
The part above the floor consists essentially of two vertical standards a a
arranged one opposite to the other. These standards are close to the pit w and
each has a bar 6 protruding over the pit, to vertically guide the pressing and
moulding devices which act downwards and upwards respectively.
Brackets c are fixed to the standards a and the side of the pit, and protrude
into the pit and serve to guide the moulding device, and as a support for a

page_text: track d on which are carried foundation plates f (of the moulds to be made) and
which are removed with the completed moulds by hand propelled vehicles or
other means. The foundation plates f have recesses n corresponding to the
patterns to be used and projections g by which latter they are screwed to the
vehicles or trucks e constructed preferably of U iron. Pipes h are screwed into
the foundation plate to stiffen the mould & to allow the free escape of vapour
& other gases during the drying of the mould & casting, for which purpose
ordinary gas pipes may be used, provided along their whole length with small
side orifices i, and the upper parts of which are also screw threaded.
With the foundation plate f corresponds a pressing plate k provided with
arms which exactly guide the plates on the bars b. A rod m fixed to the plate
can be raised and lowered under considerable pressure by any convenient source
of power preferably by hydraulic pressure.
The second principal part of the machine which may conveniently be placed
into the pit we consists of a foundation plate o fixed to a rod p exposed to a force
preferably hydraulic pressure. To the plate are screwed four angle pieces
and this form a mantle or shell having slots along the whole length corresponding
to guide bars b the whole arrangement ensuring exact guidance up and down.
The height of these angle pieces q depends upon the height of the articles to be
cast from the moulds and the space between two angle pieces on the sides which
do not correspond to the guide bars 6 must be such that the projections g of the
plate do not offer any obstacle when rising or descending.
To the plate o are also screwed the patterns for the moulds to be formed which
fill the space at regular intervals corresponding to the holes of the plate f.
The action of the machine is as follows:
When the vehicle or truck e with the plate f fixed thereto is brought into
correct position between the standards a the plate o with patterns and mantle is
pressed upwards so far that the patterns and the mantle formed by the angle
pieces protrudes about 3' over the plate f, Figure 3.
Now wedges s about 3 long are inserted into the slots in the mantle formed
by the angle pieces, Figure 6 in order to prevent the escape of sand during
pressing, at the same the parts of the mantle are connected together by a joint
(Figures 7 and 8) in the form of bolts and nuts to prevent the expansion of the
mantle during pressing. The moulder's sand is then thrown in any suitable
manner into the space formed by the mantle, gas pipes and patterns, and the
platek presses the same to a certain degree. The plate k remains then in position
and the plate o is pushed further, say about half the distance of the first opera-
tion.
"
The press plate k is then raised again, the hollow space filled again with sand
and these operations are continued until the desired height of mould is reached.
If sockets or flanges are to form the ends of the articles to be cast, they may
be placed in position surrounding the patterns r and pressed together with an
auxiliary plate t as in Figure 4 by the plate k.
Before the final pressing operation; a plate t has to be placed on the mould,
having perforations corresponding to the patterns and gas pipes, which remains
in place after the final pressing and is attached by nuts which are screwed to
the screw threads of the gas pipes. The sockets or flange patterns are pressed
on together with the plate t for which purpose the holes of this plate must corre-
spond to the outer diameters of the sockets or flanges to be cast. The plate t
serves for the exact centering of the cores, and to give increased stability to the
mould by the screw connection between the gas pipe and the plate f, when the
mould is removed from the press as in Fig. 9.
The last manipulation is to allow the mantle and patterns to descend slowly
into the first position below the vehicle, the wedges s, about 3' long and the
mantle connecting bolts (Figures 7 and 8) push themselves on the projections g
from the mantle and the mould resting on plate f and truck is complete.
For casting, the dried mould is enclosed in an iron shell or chill and the cores

page_text: e inserted. For centering the same grooves are made into the plate
e cores are centered. The cores are made in the usual manner which does not
rm part of my invention.
The time required for making a mould say for 16 pipes &c. does not exceed
0 minutes so that the great advantage of the invention is evident. Further
dvantages are the great exactness and accuracy, the prevention of so called
eams and the omission of mould boxes enclosing the moulds, thus allowing the
hould to dry more rationally, as the gases of combustion can play on it from
11 sides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
nvention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1
1st. A method for making moulds for casting pipes tubes and other articles of
regular form and of considerable length in which a casing or frame open at one
end and provided with the patterns of the castings to be produced, is pushed
step by step towards a fixed plate fitting into the casing and having corre-
sponding orifices to allow the patterns to pass, the hollow space thus formed
being filled with moulder's sand or similar material after each movement, which
sand is then pressed; a separate closing plate being connected with perforated
pipes fixed to the lower plate and passing through the sand, when the whole
length of mould has been made, in order to stiffen the mould and to allow the
free escape of vapour and other gases arising during drying and casting sub-
stantially as described.
2nd. A machine for carrying out the method claimed in Claim 1, having
supports a situated on the edge of a pit w, provided with guiding bars 6 on which
are moved towards one another by suitable power step by step, a plate k guided
by arms, and a plate o carrying the patterns r and a mantle q formed by 4
angle pieces, so that the moulder's sand thrown on a plate f perforated according
to the patterns and provided with perforated pipes his pressed thereon to form
a mould corresponding to the pattern, substantially as described.
3rd. A form of construction of machine as claimed in Claim 2 in which a
plate has projections g, which serve as supports for the same and for the guidance
of the mantle g substantially as described.
4th. A form of construction of machine as claimed in Claims 1 and 2 in which
5 wedges s about 3' long are placed into the slots or spaces of the mantle q formed
by angle pieces before the moulder's sand is introduced in order to prevent the
escape of the sand during pressing, substantially as described.
5th. A form of construction of a mould part of a machine as claimed in Claim 1,
in which for the addition of sockets, flanges, &c. to the moulds, suitable patterns
40 are added to the original patterns after the making of the first mould, and
are adapted to be pressed by the plate k held in place by an auxiliary plate t which
in conjunction with the lower plate f and the tube-ties h serves to give stability
to the finished mould substantially as described.
1
1000
FELL & JAMES,
Agents for the Applicant.