IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSING YARN
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cox, of Lochee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSING
YARN."
Sealed the 21st May, 1875, and dated the 22nd February 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1875.
I, WILLIAM Cox, of Lochee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COMPRESSING YARN," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in compressing yarn,
has for its object to put it into a small bulk before warping or weaving
it into cloth, thereby saving some of the operations at present employed
0 in closing, dressing, and finishing the cloth.
For the purpose of compressing the yarns hydraulic, steam, or other
mechanical force may be employed, and it is applied to them when

page_text: wound in bobbins, cops, pirns, or other similar holders preparatory to
warping or weaving.
The Invention is more especially applicable for compressing yarns for
the warping process, and also for compressing weft, cops, and pirns, into
any shape or form before using them in weaving operations.
The compression is effected by placing the yarns into receptacles of
the required shape and acting upon them by plungers or dies of the
required shape and dimensions operated by hydraulic, steam, or other
mechanical force, until the requisite degree of compression is attained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Cox in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
Cox, of Lochee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the 38th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Cox, Her special license
that I, the said William Cox, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Cox, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COMPRESSING YARN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Cox, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Cox, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
Bay:
My said Invention which relates to improvements in compressing
yarns, has for its object to reduce the bulk of the yarn when wound on
bobbins, cops, pirns, or other similar holders preparatory to the warping
or weaving operations.
When yarns treated according to this Invention are wound on bobbins
the bobbins have removable ends, so that the yarn is after being wound
taken off for being treated according to this Invention.
The compression is effected by placing the yarns previously wound on
bobbins, or into cops, or pirns, into receptacles of the required shape,
and acting upon them by plungers or dies of the required shape and
dimensions, operated by hydraulic, steam, or other mechanical power
until the required degree of compression is attained.
The advantages gained by thus compressing the yarn wound on
bobbins, or into cops or pirns are, that in warping, the yarns wound on
the bobbins so compressed may be tied together, and the compressed
portions built one upon another on the floor, or upon a gallery or bench,
thus economising the space usually occupied by the bobbins.
In weaving, the compressed cop or pirn admits of a much shorter
shuttle being employed, whereby power is saved, and when the cop or
pirn is reduced in diameter a shuttle of correspondingly less diameter
may be employed and the lift of the warp shed reduced.
1
My Invention also secures economy of space in packing.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried
into effect, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
Figure 1 on the annexed Sheet of Drawings is an elevation of a
hydraulic press and apparatus suitable for compressing yarn according
to my Invention,

page_text: Figure 2 is a horizontal section of Figure 1 at the line a, b, while
Figure 3 is a vertical action at the line c, d, Figure 4, which is a plan of
the apparatus. The apparatus consists, as shewn, of an ordinary
hydraulic press consisting of a cylinder A. and ram B. A plate C is
bolted, keyed, or otherwise fixed upon the top of the ram B, and another
plate or disc D is secured to the plate C, and made capable of revolving
thereon by means of a stud E bolted to the plate C.
Four or any greater or less number of cylinders F, F1, F2, F³, per-
forated with vertical cylindrical holes are fixed to the plate or disc D,
and the disc D is provided with teeth on its periphery.
A plate G is formed upon or bolted to the top beam or stay H of the
hydraulic press, and two sets of solid bolts or plungers I screwed,
shrunk, or otherwise fixed into the plate G are arranged exactly opposite
and above the vertical holes in any two of the cylinders F, F', Fº, F³.
One half or set of these bolts or plungers I (viz., those shown in action
at Figure 2, as occupying the holes in the cylinder F³) are longer than
the others by the length of the cop or pirn when compressed. The
plate or disc D is caused to revolve when required by actuating the
spur pinion J, which gears with the teeth formed on the circumference
of the plate or disc D. The spur pinion J is carried upon a shaft or
stud K, supported in a bracket L and operated by a hand wheel M fixed
on the upper part thereof. A spring catch or pawl N is provided
to stop the disc D and hold it in such a position that the bolts or
plunders I will come exactly opposite and enter the perforations in any
two of the cylinders F, F, F, F. The catch N works on a stud O held
by a bracket P, and another arm formed upon the catch N is acted upon
by a spring Q so as to cause the catch or pawl N to enter notches R
formed in the circumference of the plate or disc D when such notches R
are brought opposite to the catch or pawl N, by the revolution of the
plate or disc D. A shoot S is placed beneath the plate or disc D and
opposite to the longer set of bolts or plungers I to receive the com-
pressed cops or pirns as they are delivered from the apparatus.
The compressing mechanism is operated as follows -The ram B being
at the bottom of its stroke, and the apparatus in the position indicated
by the dotted lines at Figure 3, the vertical holes in the cylinders F
and F are filled by one or more uncompressed cops or pirns being placed
in each. The catch or pawl N is then lifted from the notch R which

page_text: it occupies and the spur wheel J is operated so as to cause the diso or
plate D to revolve in the direction of the arrow (Figure 2) until the
catch or pawl N enters the next notch R and prevents the plate or disc D
from revolving further, at which time the holes in the cylinder F' are
exactly opposite to the shorter set of bolts or plungers I; water under
pressure is now admitted by the passage x to the hydraulic cylinder A
and the ram B is thereby caused to rise. The plungers I enter the
vertical holes in the cylinder F", and compress the cops or pirns therein
to any required degree. When the cops or pirns are sufficiently com-
pressed the water is allowed to flow from the cylinder A by the passage z,
and the ram B with the parts of the mechanism attached thereto sink
to their former position. The pawl or catch N is then released, the
spur wheel J again operated and the disc or plate D caused to revolve
until again stopped by the pawl or catch N, at which time the perfora-
tions in the cylinder F" are opposite the longer set of bolts or plungers I,
while the cylinder F now occupies the position formerly held by the
cylinder F¹, viz., opposite and beneath the shorter set of bolts or
plungers I. The ram B is again caused to rise and while the cops or
pirns in the cylinder F2 are being compressed by the shorter set of
plungers I, the other set by virtue of their greater length, thrust the
cops or pirns last compressed out of the cylinder F' and into the shoot S,
by which they may be conducted to any convenient receptacle. The
ram B is again allowed to sink, and the attendant having meanwhile
filled the cylinders F and F with uncompressed cops or pirns the herein-
3 before described operations are carried on in succession.
With reference to this mode of carrying my Invention into practical
effect, I would observe that I do not confine myself to the exact details
of construction therein specified, as it is evident these may be con-
siderably modified, as for example, steam or other convenient mechanical
power may be employed; the compressing receptacles may be made of
any shape or size, and instead of compressing cops, pirns, or bobbins in
a single receptacle for each, they may be placed side by side, or one upon
another, and compressed en masse, also instead of a revolving plate, as
herein-before described, a carriage containing the yarn to be compressed
5 and capable of being run on and off the bed plate of the press may be
employed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the

page_text: same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, compressing yarns wound into cops or
pirns, or on bobbins, or other similar holders, by the apparatus herein.
before described with reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
or by similar suitable means or mechanism whereby the bulk of the said
cops, pirns, or bobbins is reduced and economy in space, power, and
cost of transportation or carriage attained, as herein-before described and
CHOW.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cox, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.
WM. COX. (L.S.)