IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND. MANUFACTURE OF PORTIONS OF THE SKELETONS OR OSSEOUS STRUCTURE OF WHALES AND OTHER SIMILAR AQUATIC ANIMALS FOR USE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR IVORY AND OTHER USKS
Year: 1884

page_text: H
Preparation an
гогиоп
of the Skeletons or Osseous Structure of Whales and other
similar Aquatic Animals for Use as a Substitute for Ivory.
and other Uses.
✔
I, JOHN SANGSTER of Sherborne Lane in the City of London do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND.
MANUFACTURE OF PORTIONS OF THE SKELETONS OR OSSEOUS STRUCTURE OF WHALES
AND OTHER SIMILAR AQUATIC ANIMALS FOR USE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR IVORY AND
OTHER USKS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object, the devising of a means, method, or mode,
whereby I am enabled to convert to practical use for manufacturing purposes, an
article or substance which has hitherto been wasted, and not employed for
industrial purposes, whilst its great solidity and density when properly prepared
for manufacturing purposes, render it peculiarly fitted for use, where hardness
density, the capability of being brought to a fine surface, and comparative freedom
in working, are desired.
The article or substance I propose to bring into use, and which fulfills the above
conditions, is the jaw bone of whales and other similar animals, and such other"
portions of their osseous structure, as may be found to possess the required qualifi-
cations, and admit of being treated so as to obtain the desired results.
In carrying my Invention into practical effect, where the operations are carried
on on land, I take the jaw bones, or other portions of the osseous structure of the
animals hereinbefore described, and having washed or otherwise removed the dirt
or other extraneous adherent matter or substances, expose them in an open or
covered vessel, suitably arranged for the purpose, to the action of hot water, steam,
or both combined, for a suitable time, in order to extract or remove the oily or
greasey matter which permeates the substance, and in order to expedite the process
and obtain the desired results, I mix with, or dissolve in, the water bath or the
fluid employed for the purpose, a suitable quantity of pearl ash, potash, caustic
soda, quick lime, chloride of lime, or other suitable detergent, either separately, or
in the combination of any two or more of the same, and in this bath I place the
substance or portion to be prepared, and expose it to the action of the heated water
or fluid for a suitable period, in order that the oil or grease may be extracted and

page_text: this period will be found to vary in length according to the dimensions of the
portions, the age of the animals and the time which has elapsed since they were
removed from the animal.
As the results attained by my experiments seem to show that the desired results
will be more readily and speedily attained by treating the parts selected as soon
as possible after they are removed from the animal, I propose to employ an
apparatus for this purpose which may consist of a suitably sized cylindrical or
other conveniently formed vessel, boiler, or bath arranged so as to be rotated in
bearings, in which the water, or other liquid and ingredients are placed, and to
which a suitable pipe or connection to allow of the admission of steam to heat
them, and maintain the required temperature is attached, and by means of a suitably
arranged door, or aperture capable of being made and kept steam and water tight,
the materials or substances to be acted on, are introduced and removed, and this
vessel being rotated in any suitable or convenient manner intermittently or con-
tinuously whilst the heated bath is acting on its contents, will ensure the complete
exposure of all the portions to the action of the heated bath, and so hasten the
obtaining of the desired results.
When this apparatus is employed on board a steam ship, the steam required for
heating it may be obtained from the main or donkey boiler, or, if desired or pre-
ferred, a separate boiler for the purpose may be provided. One of the trunnion or
bearing or supporting parts, may be fitted with a safety valve or other suitable
arrangement for regulating the temperature and pressure which the apparatus is to
be worked at.
In the case of preferring to employ an open, in place of a closed bath for pre-
paring the materials or substances, the same may be formed of wood, to which a
steam pipe is connected for heating the contents, and a close fitting cover easily
removeable may be provided. The bath or vessel, may also be made of iron, or
other suitable metal, heated by steam, or placed over a furnace, or otherwise con-
veniently arranged to permit of its contents being raised to and maintained at the
desired temperature during the continuance of the operation.
As it is desirable that the material or substance to be prepared in such baths,
vessels, or receptacles should be kept in as large portions or natural dimensions as
possible, it is evident that they must be constructed of a size or dimensions capable
of attaining this result.
I may also in some cases immerse or cover the parts of the material or substance
to be prepared with quick lime, chloride of lime, or other suitable detergent, either
prior to, or after their treatment in, the bath so as to expedite or complete, the
operation of preparing them for use.
Where properly treated, in the manner hereinbefore described, a very beautiful,
dense, durable and solid material is produced, capable of being applied to most of
those purposes for which ivory is now employed, and for which its dimensions may
fit it, and at a much less cost.

page_text: sumlar Aquatic A
and other Uses.
I, JOHN SANGSTER of 52 Mornington Road, N.W, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE
OF PORTIONS OF THE SKELETONS OR OSSEOUS STRUCTURE OF WHALES AND OTHER
SIMILAR AQUATIC ANIMALS FOR USE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR IVORY AND OTHER
"
USES and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention has for its object means of converting to practical use for manu-
facturing purposes articles which have hitherto been mostly wasted, but which
when properly prepared for manufacturing purposes, become peculiarly fitted for
use in cases where hardness, density, the capability of being brought to a fine
surface, and comparative freedom in working are desired.
The articles which I propose to bring into use and which fulfil the above con-
ditions are the jaw-bones of whales and other similar animals, and such other
portions of their osseous structure as may be found to possess the required
qualifications, and admit of being treated so as to obtain the desired results. In
carrying my invention into practical effect I take the jaw-bones or other portions
of the osseous structure and having washed or otherwise removed the dirt or other
extraneous adherent matter, I expose them to the action of hot water, steam or
both combined for a suitable time in order to extract or remove the oily or
greasy matter and in order to expedite the process and obtain the desired results,
I mix with, or dissolve in the bath a suitable quantity of pearl ash, potash, caustic
soda, quicklime, chloride of lime, or other suitable detergent, either separately, or
in the combination of any two or more of the same.
I find that a good mixture for the purpose is the addition to the water of from
5 to 10 per cent. of soda, 2 to 3 per cent. of potash and about 1 per cent of chloride
of lime. The time during which the material should be exposed varies according
to the dimensions of the pieces, the age of the animal and the time which has
elapsed since they were removed from the animal.
It is of advantage to treat the materials as soon as possible after they are
removed from the animal and therefore it is desirable to treat them on board ship,
preferably in a cylindrical vessel or boiler, arranged so as to be rotated in bearings
with means of admitting the liquid and steam to heat it, and to maintain the
required temperature. The vessel is provided with a manhole or door, capable of
being kept steam and water tight, for the introduction and removal of the materials
treated.
Instead of employing a close bath as above described a wooden or iron vessel
with a close fitting and easily removeable cover may be used, this vessel having a
steam pipe connected to it for heating the contents,

page_text: As it is desirable that the material to be prepared should be kept in as large
pieces as possible, the vessels employed should be of suitable dimensions for
attaining this result.
In some cases I immerse or cover the parts of the material to be prepared with
quicktime, chloride of lime or other suitable detergent, either before or after their
treatment in the bath so as to expedite or complete the operation of preparing them
for use.
When properly treated in the manner herein before described a very beautiful,
dense, durable and solid material is produced capable of being applied to most of
those purposes for which ivory is now employed, and for which its dimensions inay
fit it and at a much less cost.
-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
The herein described process for treating the osseous parts of whales and such
like aquatic animals for use as a substitute for ivory and other like uses.
Dated this 24th day of July 1885.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.