IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OF CONDUCTORS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY AS A LIGHTING AND MOTIVE POWER AGENT AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME WO THE EDISON
ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY of London LIMITED send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Royal Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland bearing date at
Westminster the Twenty fourth September in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty in the forty fourth year of Her reign did for Herself
Her beirs and successors give and grant unto Peter Jensen of 33 Chancery Lane
in the county of Middlesex his executors administrators or assigns e-pecial
license full power sole privilege and authority that he the said Peter Jensen his
executors administrators or assigns and every of them by himself and themselves
or by his and their deputy or deputies servants or agents or such others as he his
executors administrators or assigns should at any time agree with and no
others from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed should and lawfully might make use exercise and vend within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle of
Man an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OF CONDUCTORS FOR THE
DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY AS A LIGHTING AND MOTIVE POWER AGENT AND
APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH "
a communication from abroad by Thomas
Alva Edison of Menlo Park in the State of New Jersey United States. of America
for and during the term of fourteen years thence next ensuing And whereas in
pursuance and performance of a proviso in the said Letters Patent contained the
said Peter Jensen did within six calendar months next after the date of the said
Letters Patent cause a Specification in writing under his hand and seal purporting
to particularly describe the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same was to be performed to be duly filed in the Great Seal Patent Office And
whereas by Indenture bearing date the Sixth day of April One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two and made between the said Thomas Alva Edison of the

page_text: brst part Edward Griffith Brewer of the second part the said Peter Jensen of the
third part Anthony I
Drexel I
Pierpoint Morgan Egisto Paolo
Fabbri and I
Hood Wright of the fourth part Egisto Paolo Fabbri and
Grosvenor Porter Lowry of the fifth part and the Edison Electric Light Company
Limited of the sixth part the said Peter Jensen as trustee with the concurrence
and by the direction of the parties thereto of the first fourth and fifth parts as
beneficial owners granted and assigned and the said parties thereto of the first
fourth and fifth parts as beneficial owners thereby assigned and confirmed to the
said Company their successors and assigns the said hereinbefore recited Letters
Patent and the full and exclusive benefit and advantages thereof And whereas
since the date of the said assignment we have been advised that the Fifth claim
of the said Specification relates to matter already described in the Specification of
previous Letters Patent granted to the raid Thomas Alva Edison on the Twenty
eight day of December One thousand eight hundred and seventy eight No. 5306
and that the second third and fourth claims of the said Specification relate to
matter which is already claimed under the First claim of the said Specification of
the Letters Patent to which we are now entering a Disclaimer and that the sixth
and eighth claims relate to matter which we are advised it is not desirable to
retain as subject matter of the said Patent and that the eleventh and twelfth
claims are unnecessary and may be held to be misleading.
NOW KNOW YE that we the Edison Electric Light Company Limited by
and with the leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor General and for the reasons afore-
said do alter and amend the said Specification in manner following that is to say-
We strike-out-of the Specification printed by the Queens Printers and published.
-at-the Great Seal Patent Office in One-thousand eight hundred and eighty one the
word "substantially" between the words "distant" and "from which occurs in
line 24 of page 4 and we insert the same word" substantially." between the words
"by" and "the" which occur in line 25 of the same page and we strike out tho
paragraph forming lines 46 to 52 inclusive of page 4 and we strike out the passage
commencing "In Figure 11" in line 39 and ending with the words " of the circuit"
in line 49 of page 6 and we strike out the passage commencing with the words
in F gure 14" in line 50 of page 6 and ending with the word "determined" in
line 2 of page 7 and for the purpose of rendering the meaning of the said Specifi-
cation more plain we transpose the observation "no lamps on branch conductors or
couplers from line 22 of page 7 inserting in lieu of those words after the words
sets" in line 14 of page 7 the words "there are no lamps on the branch
conductors" We also strike out the whole of the second third fourth fifth sixth
eighth eleventh and twelfth claiming clauses which occur at page 8 of the said
Specification We also strike out the word "sevonth" which occurs in line 23 of
page 8 and substitute therefor the word "second" We also strike out the word
"ninth" which occurs in line 28 of page 8 and substitute therefor the word "third"
We also strike out the word "tenth" which occurs in line 31 of page 8 and
substitute therefor the word "fourth" And in order that the effect of the Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration as aforesaid may be clearly understood we annex
hereto a copy of the said Specification as it will appear when so altered and
amended the preamble and testing clause being omitted.
"
Where many translating devices for converting electricity into either power or
light are arranged upon the multiple arc or derived circuit system it is essential
that so far as possible an equal electro-motive force or "pressure" be maintained
in all parts of the system.
When however each set of conductors are run out from the central station in a
straight circuit containing a number of translating devices, the pressure when a
number of devices are in operation is apt to be greatest nearest the central station
and to diminish gradually toward the end of the conductors this "drop" being due
to the resistance of the main conductors.
The object of this Invention is to obviate such irregularity and to maintain
practically throughout the entire system an equal pressure.

page_text: This is accomplished by using the conductors leading directly from the source of
energy as feeding conductors only, placing no lamps ordinarily in the circuit
connected directly to the source, placing the lamps or translating devices upon
service or lamp circuits which connect to and are fed by the feeding conductors in
such manner that all the lamp circuits are electrically distant from the source of
electricity by substantially the same mass of conductor By so doing the greater
portion, if not all, the drop occurs in the feeding conductors the pressure in the
service or lamp circuits being practically uniform at all points.
This Invention may be carried into effect in several ways, of which the following
are brief descriptions:-
One method consists in placing upon the conductors leading directly from the
central station or source of energy no lamps, using such conductors only as feeding.
conductors, to lamp circuit conductors, which they tap and feed into at their centers,
such lamp circuit conductors being largest at their conters and thence tapering to
the ends, the lamps where many are to be used being placed in circuits derived from
these lamp circuit conductors only.
From a central station several sets of feeding conductors may lead out, cach
feeding into its own set of lamp circuit conductors.
Where it is desired to uso a few lamps near the central station they may be
placed upon a direct circuit therefrom with resistance at the commencement or
home end of the circuit, sufficient to then reduce the electro motive force of such
circuit so that it shall only be equal to that in the moro distant circuits and one or
more of such circuits may be combined with the circuits before described.
When large buildings or blocks of buildings using many lamps are to be supplied
it may be desirable to lay therefor separate feeders insulated from each other.
Where several central stations are used in a city, each having feeding conductors
leading to lamp circuit conductors of the description before notod, it may be
advisable to connect the feeding circuits of all the stations, equalizing the electro
motive force or pressure throughout the entire system of the place where the central
stations are located.
Another method consists in laying the service conductor in squares around a
central station, the sets of service conductors (positive and negative in each set)
being concentric to each other so to speak, feeding circuits leading to and connecting
with each service set at several points-The service sets may also be connected
together at several points so as to aid in equalizing the pressure throughout the
entire system.
In another method two conductors forming a complete metallic circuit are laid
entirely around each square or block as the service conductors of such block
Feeding conductors from the source of electricity lead to and connect with the
service conductors but upon opposite sides, that is one conductor, say the one from
the pole connects at some point to one service conductor of a block, while the
one from the
pole connects to the other service conductor at a point exactly
opposite to the other, so that the terininals of all house circuits of a block, or the
points where the house circuits connect to the service conductors are all equidistant
from the source, or that the same mass of conductor intervenes.
-
A series of blocks may be so arranged, the feeding conductors leading to the
extreme or opposite block one to each of the series the service conductors of the
blocks being united by cross conductors, so that each block is distant olectrically
from the source by the same mass of conductor.
Where a conductor varying in size throughout its length is used, it is preferable
to make it a compound one, composed of several single wires of different lengths
one or two of which extend the whole length of the conductor, others ending at
various points. These wires are not insulated but merely grouped in a bunch
which have transverse fastenings at intervals or which may be fastened together
by branch conductors passing around where connections are formed.
It is preferable to form all conductors which vary in size decreasing from some

page_text: point in this manner, and it is to be understood in these descriptions that all such
conductors are so made.
This system also contemplates the supply of electricity for both light and
power.
It is proposed that the current used for these purposes should be paid for at
different rates Therefore where both power and light are desired two branch
circuits run from the mains into the house or locality of translation, one for the
lights and one for the engines, a meter being placed in each.
The foregoing may be better understood by a reference to the Drawings in
which are given diagrammatic representations of circuits in which―
Fig. 1 illustrates a plan wherein the conductors are made larger at their home
ends, gradually tapering to the outer end of the system.
When such plan is used, it is preferable to make each conductor a compound one
composed of several single wires of different lengths, one or two of which extend
the whole length of the conductor, others ending at various points, as shown in
Figure 1b. These wires are not insulated but merely grouped in a bunch, which
have transverse fastenings at intervals, or which may be fastened together by
branch conductors passing around where connections are formed as shown in
Figure 1*.
It is preferable to form all conductors which vary in size decreasing from some
point in this manner, and it is to be understood in these descriptions that all such
conductors are so made.
In Figure 2 feeding conductors 1. 2. lead from central station c. 8 connecting with
the lamp circuit 3, 4 at about its center, the conductors of the lamp circuit being
largest at that point, and also larger_capacity-at-that-point-than-the-feeding-
conductors.
By this arrangement most of the fall of pressure or "drop" takes place in the
feeding circuit, so that it cannot effect any lamps while the "drop" in the lamp
circuit is reduced very low, the "drop" from the center of the lamp circuit to
either terminal being only about one fourth what the drop would be from y to z if
either end were connected directly to the central station.
Any desired number of lamp circuits may be so arranged each having its proper
feeding conductors, two so arranged being shown in Figure 3.
In some instances, when it is desired to use a few lamps near the station they
may be placed directly upon main conductors and combined with the circuit shown
in Figures 2 and 3 as shown in Fig 4 where feeders 5. 6 connect with lamp
circuit 9. 10 arranged as in Figures 2 and 3 while circuit 1. 2 connected directly
to c, a, has a few lamps upon it, in which case a resistance should be used therein
to lessen the electro motive force in 1, 2, to the same extent as it is lessened by
the longer conductors 5. 6.
With such arrangement may also be combined an ordinary terminal circuit
containing a few lamps, such as the circuit 13. 14 in Fig. 5.
In Figure 6 is shewn direct or main feeding circuits 1, 2 and 5, 6 with lamp
circuits 3. 4 and 9. 10 with branch feeders 7. 8. 15. 16 and 21. 22 leading into side
streets supplying lamp circuits 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24 and 25 26 the branch feeders
being derived circuits from the main feeders, all constituting a multiple are system.
In Figure 7 feeding mains 1. 2 connect to the center of the lamp circuit 3. 4 while
feeders 5. 6. leading to a greater distance and to a circuit where comparatively few
lamps are required connects to the end of lamp circuit 9. 10. whose conductors
gradually taper from the point of connection. This arrangement is sometimes
desirable in sparsely settled localities as involving economy in the laying of
conductors.
In Figure 8 is shown feeding conductors 1. 2. from which lead house feeders a, b
which connect to lamp circuit a b' which are of same description as circuits 3. 4.
Figure 2. Figure 9 shows a series of houses or buildings c, d, e, f to each of which
leads a feeding circuit of insulated conductor, the lamp circuit of each house being

page_text: thereby put in direct connection with the central station c, s, the electro motive
force of any one lamp circuit not being affected by the others In Figure 10 aro
two blocks of buildings A. B composed each of several houses h, h, h separate feeding
circuits 1. 2 and 3. 4 leading to branch feeding circuits from which lamp circuits,
5 lead into each house, each house or lamp circuit being provided with its own con-
nection and meter-In the arrangement shown in Figures 89 and 10 the greater
portion of the fall or drop occurs in the conductors leading to the house or block:
lamp circuits the force or pressure in the branches leading into the houses being:
maintained practically uniform thereby in cach lamp.circuit.
In Figure 13 is shewn a series of central stations c,.8, from each of which lend'
main feeding circuits M (which may be of any desired number) each connecting to
and feeding into a lamp circuit l, c.
The mains of all the stations are connected by conductors n, n, n, so that all the:
stations are electrically connected into one general system, whereby the pressure.
throughout the entire system is equalized.
In Figure 15 the lamp circuit L. C is fed by a number of feeding circuits con-
necting thereto on opposite sides alternately 1. 2. 3. 4 and 5. 6 forming three feeding
circuits by which arrangement a comparatively uniform force or pressure may be
maintained throughout the entire system. Figures 16 and 17 illustrate the method.
of laying the service conductors arund blocks with feeding conductors leading-
thereto from the central station C. S is the central station around which following
the general direction of the blocks or squares of the locality are laid the sets of
conductors 1. 2. 3 etc.: so that they are, so to speak, concentric with each other.
From the central station branch conductors lead to each of the main sets 1. 2. 3 at a
number of points for instance a, a, lead to set 3, bb' to 2; c, c' to 1. In Figure 16.
eight sets of branch conductors are shown leading to each of the main sets. Thero
are no lamps on the branch conductors.
In Figure 17 two sets of main conductors 1..2 are shewn connected to the main
station by four sets each of branch conductors b, b', c, c¹, differing however from
Figure 1 in that the main sets 1.2 are connected together by numerous sets of
coupling conductors d, d¹.
As proceeding from the central station each set of main conductors traverses a
larger area of territory, and has a larger amount of work to do, if all the conductors
were of the same size there would be increased resistance. It is desirable however
that each set should be of the same resistance and that the same ratio of resistance
of conductors to translating devices should exist in all the sets. This is accom-
plished by increasing the size of the conductors as they are laid further away from
the central station.
Having determined the relative resistance which should exist between the
resistance of the conductors and that of the sum of the translating devices most.
profitably to be used with such conductors the increase of size to be given is that
which shall preserve such ratio, taking into consideration the increased length of
conductors and the increased number of devices to be probably supplied thereby.
By this method of laying and uniting the conductors an equal pressure or electro
motive force may be maintained throughout an entire system. Figures 18. 19. 20
and 21 illustrate modifications of the last described systein, which may be called the
bluck or square system. In these Figures A is central station, at which is located
suitable source of electricity and from which lead feeding conductors 1. 2.
B represents a block or square, around which are laid the service conductors 3. 4.
Conductor 1 leads to 3 at upon one side of the block, while 2 leads to 4 at 4
pon the opposite side of the block. The greater portion of any full of electro-
motive force will occur in conductors 1. 2 while it will be constant at all points in
he service conductors 3. + because every point in such conductors is distant from
he source by exactly the same mass of conductor, as is evident from inspection of
be diagram.
In Figure 19 two blocks B are shown, conductor 1 leading to and connecting with
of block B; while 2 leads to and connects with 4 of B. B; while cross conductors 5,6

page_text: connect with the conductors of the blocks. In Figure 20 four blocks are shewn
conductor 2 being connected to 4 of the right hand blocks through a branch 9 leading.
to both right hand blocks while 1 connects directly to both left hand blocks. In
this Figure is shown a house circuit a, a containing lamps indicated by circles
placed between a, a. In Figure 21 two blocks are connected as in Fig 19 while
from the cross conductors 5. 6 leads a derived circuit 7. 8 leading to two other
blocks arranged as described. Instead of two blocks as in Fig 19 any number may
be used. In all these plans each block and each house circuit are electrically equi-
distant from the source by which uniformity and equality therein is attained, the
loss or drop of force occuring in the feeding circuits.
What is claimed is:—
First. The method of equalizing the pressure or electro motive force throughout
an electric distributive and translation system, consisting in using feeding circuits
which connect to and 'eed into circuits on which are arranged the translating devices,
substantially as set forth.
Second-The combination with one lamp circuit of a series of feeding circuits
substantially as set forth.
Third: The method of laying the conductors in an electrical supply system con-
sisting in laying them in sets concentrically as explained, each set being connected
to the central station at several points substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The method of laying the conductors in an electrical supply system con-
sisting in laying thein in sets concentrically as explained, each set being connected
to the central station by several sets of branch conductors and the various sets
being connected to each other by several sets of coupler conductors substantially as
Notice of the application for leave to file this Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration having been advertised in accordance with my directions :—
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above named Edison Electric Light
Company Limited (the assignees and now legal and equitable owners of the above
recited Letters Patent) to file in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Specifi-
cation to which the same relates the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OF CONDUCTORS
FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY AS A LIGHTING AND MOTIVE POWER
AGENT, AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH.” A communication from
abroad by Thomas Alva Edison, of Menlo Park, in the State of New Jersey,
United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1880.
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. « IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SYSTEMS OF CONDUCTORS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY AS
A LIGHTING AND MOTIVE POWER AGENT AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THERE-
WITH." A cominunication from abroad by Thomas Alva Edison, of Menlo Park,
in the State of New Jersey, United States of America.
Where many translating devices converting electricity into either power or light
are arranged upon the multiple arc or derived circuit system, it is essential that
so far as possible an equal electro motive forco or pressure" be maintained in all
parts of the system.
"
When however each set of conductors are run out from the central station in a
straight circuit containing a number of translating devices, the pressure, when a
number of devices are in operation, is apt to be greatest nearest the central
station, and to diminish gradually towards the end of the conductors, this "drop"
being due to the resistance of the main conductors.
The object of this Invention is to obviate such irregularity, and to maintain
practically throughout the entire system an equal pressure.
This accomplish by using the conductors leading directly from the source of
energy as feeding conductors only, placing no lamps ordinarily in the circuit
connected directly to the source, placing the lamps or translating devices upon

page_text: service or lamp circuits which connect to, and are fed by, the feeding conductors, in
such manner that all the lamp circuits are electrically distant substantially from
the source of electricity by the same mass of conductor. By so doing the greater
portion, if not all, the drop occurs in the feeding conductors, the pressure in the
service or lamp circuits being practically uniform at all points.
This Invention may be carried into effect in several ways, of which the following
are brief descriptions :-
One method consists in placing upon the conductors leading directly from the
central station or source of energy no lamps, using such conductors only as feeding
conductors to lamp circuit conductors, which they tap and feed into at their
centres, such lamp circuit conductors being largest at their centres, and thence
tapering to the ends, the lamps where many are to be used being placed in circuits
derived from these lamp circuit conductors only.
From a central station several sets of feeding conductors may lead out, each
feeding into its own set of lamp circuit conductors.
When it is desired to use a few lamps near the central station, they may be
placed upon a direct circuit therefrom with resistance at the commencement or
home end of the circuit, sufficient to then reduce the electro motive force of such
circuit, so that it shall only be equal to that in the more distant circuits, and one
or more of such circuits may be combined with the circuits before described.
When large buildings or blocks of buildings using many lamps are to be supplied,
it may be desirable to lay therefor separate focders insulated from each other.
While in this system it is preferred to use round metallic circuits, it is evident
that by the introduction_of_propor_ grounds the earth may be used as half of the
-circuit.
It may be desirable in using round metallic-circuits to.add_grounds as an aid to
half the circuit, in which case such half the circuit may be of smaller conductors,
provided its size be such that its resistance, added to that of the ground circuit,
shall not exceed that of the other half of the circuit.
Where several central stations are used in a city, each having feeding conductors
leading to lamp circuit conductors, of the description before noted, it may be
advisablo to connect the feeding circuits of all the stations, equalizing the electro
motive force or pressure throughout the entire system of the place where the
central stations are located.
Another method consists in laying the service conductor in squares around a
central station, the sets of service conductors (positive and negative) in each set
being concentric to each other, so to speak, feeding circuits leading to and
connecting with each service set at several points.
The service sets may also be connected together at soveral points so as to aid
in equalizing the pressure throughout the entire system.
In another method two conductors forming a complete metallic circuit are laid
entirely around each square or block as the service conductors of such block.
Feeding conductors from the source of electricity lead to and connect with the
service conductors, but upon opposite sides, that is, one conductor, say, the one
from the pole connects at some point to one service conductor of a block, while
the one from the pole connects to the other service conductor at a point
exactly opposite to the other, so that the terminals of all house circuits of a block,
or the points where the house circuits connect to the service conductors, are all
equidistant from the source, or that the same mass of conductor intervenes.
-
"A series of blocks may be so arranged, the feeding conductors leading to the
extreme or opposite blocks, one to cach of the series, the service conductors of the
blocks being united by cross conductors, so that each block is distant electrically
from the source by the same mass of conductor.
Where a conductor varying in size throughout its length is used, it is pre-
ferable to make it a compound one, composed of several single wires of different
lengths, one or two of which extend the whole length of the conductor, others

page_text: "
ending at various points. These wires aro not insulated, but merely grouped in a
bunch, which have transverse fastenings at intervals, or which may be fastened
together by branch conductors passing around where connections are formed.
It is preferable to form all conductors which vary in size decreasing from some
point in this manner, and it is to be understood in these descriptions that all such
conductors are so made.
This system also contemplates the supply of electricity for both light and power.
It is proposed that the current used for these purposes should be paid for at
different rates, therefore where both power and light are desired two branch
circuits are run from the mains into the house or locality of translation, one for
the lights and one for the engines, a meter being placed in each.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th March
1881.
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SYSTEMS OF CONDUCTORS FOR TILE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY AS
A LIGHTING AND MOTIVE POWER AGENT AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED TITERE-
WITH." ▲ communication from abroad by Thomas Alva Edison, of Menlo Park,
in the State of New Jersey, United States of America.
Where many translating devices for converting electricity into either power or
light are arranged upon the multiple arc or derived circuit system, it is essential
that, so far as possible, an equal electro-motive force or "pressure" bo maintained
in all parts of the system.
When however each set of conductors are run out from the central station in a
straight circuit containing a number of translating devices, the pressure when a
number of devices are in operation is apt to be greatest nearest the central station, 1
and to diminish gradually toward the end of the conductors, this "drop" being due
to the-resistance of the main conductors.
The object of this Invention is to obviate such irregularity and to maintain
practically throughout the entire system an equal pressure.
This is accomplished by using the conductors-leading directly from the source of 2
-energy-as-feeding conductors_only, placing no lamps ordinarily in the circuit
connected directly to the source, placing the lamps or translating devices-upon.
service or lamp circuits, which connect to and are fed by the feeding conductors in
such manner that all the lamp circuits are electrically distant substantially from
the source of electricity by the same mass of conductor. By so doing the greater 2
portion, if not all, the drop occurs in the feeding conductors, the pressure in the
service or lamp circuits being practically uniform at all points.
This Invention may be carried into effect in several ways, of which the following
are brief descriptions:
One method consists in placing upon the conductors leading directly from the 3
central station or source of energy no lamps, using such conductors only as feeding
conductors to lamp circuit conductors, which they tap and feed into at their centers,
such lamp circuit conductors being largest at their centers, and thence tapering to
the ends, the lamps where many are to be used being placed in circuits derived
from these lamp circuit conductors only.
From a central station several sets of feeding conductors may lead out, each
feeding into its own set of lamp circuit conductors.
Whoro it is desired to use a few lamps near the central station they may be
placed upon a direct circuit therefrom with resistance at the commencement or
home end of the circuit, sufficient to then reduce the electro motive force of such
circuit so that it shall only be equal to that in the more distant circuits, and one or
nore of such circuits may be combined with the circuits before described.
When large buildings or blocks of buildings using many lamps are to bo
supplied it may be desirable to lay therefor separate feeders insulated from each
other.
While in this system it is preferred to use round metallic circuits, it is evident
that by the introduction of proper grounds the earth may be used as half of the
circuit.
It may be desirable in using round metallic circuits to add grounds as an aid to
half the circuit, in which case such half the circuit may be of smaller conductors,
provided its size be such that its resistance added to that of the ground circuit
shall not exceed that of the other half of the circuit."

page_text: Where several central stations are used in a city, each having feeding conductors
leading to lamp circuit conductors of the description before noted,it may be advisable
to connect the feeding circuits of all the stations, equalizing the electro motivo forco
or pressure throughout the entire system of the place where the central stations
are located.
Another method consists in laying the service conductor in squares around a
central station, the sets of service conductors (positive and negative in each set)
being concentric to each other so to speak, feeding circuits leading to and connecting
with each service set at several points. The service sets may also be connected
together at several points so as to aid in equalizing the pressure throughout the
entiro system.
In another method two conductors forming a complete metallic circuit are laid
entirely around each square or block as the service conductors of such block.
Feeding conductors from the source of electricity lead to and connect with the
service conductors, but upon opposite sides, that is, one conductor, say the one
from the pole connects at some point to one service conductor of a block, while
the one from tho pole connects to the other service conductor at a point exactly
opposite to the other, so that the terminals of all house circuits of a block, or the
points where the house circuits connect to the service conductors, are all equidistant
from the source, or that the same mass of conductor intervenes.
-
A series of blocks may be so arranged, the feeding conductors leading to the
extreme or opposite block, one to each of the series, the service conductors of the
blocks being united by cross conductors, so that each block is distant electrically
from the source by the same mass of conductor.
Where a conductor varying in size throughout its length is used, it is preferable
to make it a compound one, composed of several single wires of different lengths,
one or two of which extend the whole length of the conductor, others ending at
various points. These wires are not insulated but merely grouped in a bunch,
which have transverse fastenings at intervals; or which may be fastened together
by branch conductors passing around whero connections are formed.
It is preferable to form all conductors which vary in size decreasing from some
point in this manner, and it is to be understood in these descriptions that all such
conductors are so made.
This system also contemplates the supply of electricity for both light and
power.
It is proposed that the current used for these purposes should be paid for at
different rates. Therefore where both power and light are desired two branch
circuits run from the mains into the house or locality of translation, one for the
lights and one for the engines, a meter being placed in each.
The foregoing may be better understood by a reference to the Drawings, in
which are given diagrammatic representations of circuits, in which-
Fig. 1 illustrates a plan wherein the conductors are made larger at their home
ends, gradually tapering to the outer end of the system.
When such plan is used, it is preferable to make each conductor a compound one,
composed of several singlo wires of different lengths, one or two of which extend
the whole length of the conductor, others ending at various points, as shown in
Figure 1. These wires are not insulated but merely grouped in a bunch, which
have transverse fastenings at intervals, or which may be fastened together by
branch conductors passing around where connections are formed, as shown in
Figure 1º.
It is preferable to form all conductors which vary in size decreasing from some
point in this manner, and it is to be understood in these descriptions that all such
conductors are so made.
In Fig. 2 feeding conductors 1, 2, lead from central station c, 8, connecting with
the lamp circuit 3, 4, at about its center, the conductors of the lamp circuit being
argest at that point, and also larger capacity at that point than the feeding
conductors.

page_text: By this arrangement most of the fall of pressure or "drop" takes place in the
feeding circuit, so that it cannot affect any lamps, while the "drop" in the lamp
circuit is reduced very low, the "drop" from the center of the lamp circuit to
either terminal being only about one fourth what the drop would be from y to,
if either end were connected directly to the central station.
Any desired number of lamp circuits may be so arranged, cach having its proper
feeding conductors, two so arranged being shown in Figure 3.
In some instances, when it is desired to use a few lamps near the station, they
may be placed directly upon main conductors and combined with the circuit, shown
in Figures 2 and 3, as shown in Fig. 4, where feeders 5, 6, connect with
lamp circuit 9, 10, arranged as in Figures 2 and 3, while circuit 1, 2, connected
directly to c, 8, has a few lamps upon it, in which case a resistance should be used
therein to lessen the electro motive force in 1, 2, to the samo extent as it is lessened
by the longer conductors 5, G.
With such arrangement may also be combined an ordinary terminal circuit 1
containing a few lamps, such as the circuit 13, 14, in Fig. 5.
In Figure 6 is shown direct or main feeding circuits 1, 2, and 5, 6, with lamp
circuits 3, 4, and 9, 10, with branch feeders 7, 8, 15, 16, and 21, 22, leading into
side streets supplying lamp circuits 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, and 25, 26, the branch
feeders being derived circuits from the main feeders, all constituting a multiple are
system. In Figure 7 feeding mains 1, 2, connect to the center of the lamp
circuit 3, 4, while feeders 5, 6, leading to a greater distance and to a circuit
where comparatively few lamps are required, connects to the end of lamp
circuit 9, 10, whose conductors-gradually taper from the point of connection. This
arrangement-is-sometimes desirable in sparsely settled localities_as_involving
economy in the laying of conductors.
In Figure 8 is shown feeding conductors 1, 2, froin which lead house feeders a, b,-
which connect to lamp circuit a, b, which are of samo description as circuits 3, 4,
Figure 2. Figure 9 shows a series of houses or buildings c, d, e, f, to each of which
leads a feeding circuit of insulated conductor, the lamp circuit of each house being
thereby put in direct connection with the central station c, 8, the electro motive
force of any one lamp circuit not being affected by the others. In Figure 10 are
two blocks of buildings A, B, composed cach of several houses h, k, h, separate
feeding circuits 1, 2, and 3, 4, leading to branch feeding circuits from which lamp
circuits lead into cach house, each house or lamp circuit being provided with its
own connection and meter. In the arrangement shown in Figures 8, 9, 10, the
greater portion of the fall or drop occurs in the conductors leading to the house or
block lamp circuits, the force or pressure in the branches leading into the houses
being maintained practically uniform thereby in each lamp circuit. In Figure 11
is illustrated the substitution of ground G, G, for one conductor, say 2 of Figure 1,
of the feeding conductors, a common ground being provided for all the lamps in one
house lamp circuit.
In Figure 12 is shown a complete metallic feeding circuit 1, 2, in which grounds
G, G, are added as auxiliary to the portion 2 of the circuit.
While ordinarily a metallic circuit is to be prepared, by adding grounds one
portion of the circuit may bo of smaller conducting capacity, thus tending to
economy of conductor; care should be taken that the capacity of 2, however, is such
that its resistance and that of the grounds be not greater than that of the portion 1
of the circuit.
In Figure 13 is shown a series of central stations c, s, from each of which lead
main feeding circuits M (which may be of any desired number), cach connecting to
and feeding into a lamp circuit 7, c.
The mains of all the stations are connected by conductors n, n, n, so that all the
stations are electrically connected into one general system, whereby the pressure
throughout the entire system is equalized.
In Figure 14 a house circuit & branches from the main circuit 1, 2, the circuit 8
branching into two circuits, on one of which all the lamps are placed, the other

page_text: being a motor circuit only, as shown, in each of which meters are placed, so that
the amount of current used for each purpose may be determined. In Figure 15 the
lamp circuit L, C, is fed by a number of feeding circuits, connecting thereto on
opposite sides alternately 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, 6, forming three feeding circuits, by
which arrangement a comparatively uniform force or pressure may be maintained
throughout the entire system. Figures 16 and 17 illustrate the method of laying
the service conductors around blocks with feeding conductors leading thereto from
the central station. C, S, is the central station, around which following the
general direction of the blocks or squares of the locality are laid the sets of
conductors 1, 2, 3, etc., so that they are, so to speak, concentric with each other.
From the central station branch conductors lead to each of the main sets 1, 2, 3, at
a number of points, for instance a, a, lead to set 3; b, b1, to 2; c, c', to 1. In
Figuro 16 eight sets of branch conductors are shown leading to each of the main
sets.
In Figure 17 two sets of main conductors 1, 2 are shown connected to the main
station by four sets each of branch conductors b, b, c, c¹, differing howover from
Figure 1 in that the main sets 1, 2, are connected together by numerous sets of
coupling conductors d, d'.
As proceeding from the central station each set of main conductors traverses a
larger area of territory, and has a larger amount of work to do, if all the conductors
were of the same size there would be increased resistance. It is desirable however
that each (no lamps on branch conductors or couplers) set should be of the same
resistance, and that the samo ratio of resistance of conductors to translating devices
should exist in all the sets. This is accomplished by increasing the size of the
conductors as they are laid further away from the contral station.
Having determined the relative resistance which should exist between the
resistance of the conductors and that of the sum of the translating devices most
profitably to be used with such conductors, the increase of size to be given is
that which shall preserve such ratio, taking into consideration the increased length
of conductors and the increased number of devices to be probably supplied thereby.
By this method of laying and uniting the conductors an equal pressure or electro
motive force may be maintained throughout au entire system. Figures 18, 19, 20,
and 21 illustrate modifications of the last described system, which may be called
the block or square system. In these Figures A is a central station, at which is
located a suitable source of electricity, and from which lead feeding conductors 1,2;
B represents a block or square, around. which are laid the service conductors 3, 4.
Conductor 1 leads to 3 at 1, upon one side of the block, while 2 leads to 4 at 4,
upon the opposite side of the block. The greater portion of any fall of electro-
motive force will occur in conductors 1, 2, while it will be constant at all points in
the service conductors 3, 4, because every point in such conductors is distant from
the source by exactly the same inass of conductor, as is evident from inspection of
the diagram.
In Figure 19 two blocks B are shown, conductor 1 leading to and connecting
with 3 of block B; while 2 leads to and connects with 4 of B, B; while cross
conductors 5, 6 connect with the conductors of the blocks. In Figure 20 four
blocks are shown, conductor 2 being connected to 4 of the right hand blocks
through a branch 9 leading to both right hand blocks, while I connects directly to
both left band blocks. In this Figure is shown a house circuit a, a, containing
lamps, indicated by circles placed between a, a. In Figure 21 two blocks are
connected as in Fig. 19, while from the cross conductors 5, 6, leads a derived
circuit 7, 8, leading to two other blocks arranged as described. Instead of two
blocks, as in Fig. 19, any number may be used. In all these plans each block and
each house circuit are electrically equidistant from the source, by which uniformity
and equality therein is attained, the loss or drop of force occurring in the feeding
circuits.
What is claimed is,―
First The mothed of alii
LL

page_text: an electric distributive and translation system, consisting in using feeding circuits
which connect to and feed into circuits on which are arranged the translating
devices, substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination with a circuit containing translating devices of a
a feeding circuit leading thereto from the source of energy and containing no
translating devices, substantially as set forth.
Third. The combination in one system of a main circuit connected directly to a
source of energy and containing translating devices, and provided with means for
lessening its force or pressure to that of the average of the system, a circuit not
directly connected to the source of energy containing translating devices, and a
feeding circuit connecting the latter circuit with the source of energy, substantially
as set forth.
Fourth. The method of equalizing the pressure or electro motive force in the
lamp or translating circuits, by connecting the same to the source of energy by
feeding circuits in which occur the greater percentage of fall of force, substantially
as set forth.
Fifth. The combination of a number of insulated wires of different lengths
grouped together and fastened at intervals, forming a gradually tapering conductor,
substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination with one derived circuit of two branch circuits for
different classes of translating devices, each containing a meter and a feeding
circuit, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination with one lamp-circuit of a series of feeding circuits,
substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The combination-with_one_side of an entire metallic circuit of a series
of-ground-connections_as auxiliary thereto; whereby a lesser conductor_may_be
used in such half, substantially as set forth:-
Ninth. The method of laying the conductors in an electrical supply system,
consisting in laying them in sets concentrically as explained, each set being
connected to the central station at several points, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The method of laying the conductors in an electrical supply system,
cousisting in laying them in sets concentrically as explained, each sot being
connected to the central station by several sets of branch conductors, and the
various sets being connected to each other by several sets of coupler conductors,
substantially as set forth.
Eleventh. As an improvement in the art of distributing electricity for use
as a lighting and motive power agent, the method of laying the conductors,
consisting in laying around each block the service conductors, and uniting the
same to the source of electricity by feeding conductors arranged as set forth, all
substantially as herein shown and described.
Twelfth. As an improvement in the art of distributing electricity for use as a
lighting and motive power agent, the system of conductors set forth, consisting of
service conductors laid around each block, feeding conductors connecting them to
the source of electricity and united to them at the points designated, and cross
conductors connecting the service conductors of a series of blocks, substantially as
Bet forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentysecond day of March, in the year of our Lord One