Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1890-Accepted 22nd Feb.,
1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel.
We, WILLIAM FRANCIS JACKSON of Litton in the County of Derby, Engineer and
WILLIAM GALBRAITH of Basford Stoke-on-Trent in the County of Stafford Chemist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the better regulating of the hardness or quality of
steel, especially with reference to the manufacture of steel from Phosphoric Irons by what
is known as the "Basic" process, and consists in recarburising with the Carbon
Alloys, such as Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese or Hematite Irons in the absence of the
Basic slag in the previous separation of such slag, and the addition of the aforesaid
alloys under different circumstances and conditions.
In carrying out these improvements either as applied to the Basic Bessemer or
Basic Siemen's, or openhearth, the molten charge when sufficiently decarburised and
dephosphorised is teemed into the ladle either with or without a previous partial
addition of Hematite Iron, Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese or other alloy.
At this stage the carriage and ladle containing the molten steel is brought over
another ladle which is hot and otherwise prepared to receive the charge, and the steel
teemed into the lower or second ladle, and for this purpose the first ladle has fitted to
it a larger nozzle or fireclay orifice than usual.
Simultaneously with the teeming of the steel from the first to the second ladle,
there is run into the latter, the requsite quantity of Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese or
other alloys in a molten condition, and also either from the same furnace in which
these alloys have been melted, or from another furnace a suitable quantity of molten
slag of an acid or siliceous character.
The slag for this purpose may be that produced from an open hearth or Siemen's
furnace when manufacturing steel with a sand or siliceous bottom, or may be a slag
prepared for the purpose.
The moment the steel has.run entirely into the second or bottom ladle, and before
the basic slag has run into the second ladle, the stream is stopped or one of the ladles
is instantly removed, and the steel in the aforesaid second or bottom ladle is teemed
into moulds in the usual way.
The addition of the molten acid or siliceous slag as described may not be
absolutely necessary, but it is added in order to prevent oxidation of the metal and
consequent waste, and to avoid too rapid cooling of the metal.
Neither might the addition of the alloys into the second ladle in a molten condition
be absolutely necessary, because in the manufacture of soft steel, the quantity of the
alloys required might be so small, that it might be sufficient to add such alloys in the
solid condition.
The furnace in which these alloys are melted may, according to the weight of alloys
required be an ordinary cupola furnace, or a gas fired openhearth furnace, and might,
especially if the latter character of furnace is used, have a carbonaceous bottom
which may be made by ramming coke and tar in the bottom, or in some other
convenient way.
By the above method of proceeding the content of carbon or other element in
the steel can be regulated with greater accuracy than has bitherto been done by
what is known as the " Basic process and "ship" or other qualities of steel can
be made at will.
22
Dated this Fifteenth day of March 1809.
TOW
WILLIAM FRANCIS JACKSON..
WILLIAM
GALBRAITH.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel.
We, WILLIAM FRANCIS JACKSON of Litton, in the County of Derby, Engineer, and
WILLIAM GALBRAITH of Basford, Stoke-on-Trent, in the County of Stafford, Chemist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This Invention has for its object the better regulating of the hardness or quality
of steel, especially with reference to the manufacture of steel from Phosphoric Irons,
by what is known as the "Basic" process and consists in recarburising with the
Carbon Alloys such as Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese or Hematite Iron in the absence
of the Basic slag in the previous separation of such slag, and the addition of the
aforesaid alloys under different circumstances and conditions.
In carrying out these improvements either as applied to the "Basic" Bessemer or
"Basic" Siemen's or open hearth processes, the molten charge when sufficiently
decarbonised and dephosphorised, is teemed into the ladle, either with or without a
previous partial addition of Hematite Iron, Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese or other
alloy.
At this stage the carriage and ladle containing the molten steel, is brought over
another ladle "B" (see accompanying sketch) which is hot and otherwise prepared to
receive the charge and the steel poured or teemed into the lower ladle "B" by means
of the stopper and nozzle attached to the first or upper ladle "A" and for this
purpose the upper ladle has fitted to it a larger nozzle or fireclay orifice than
usual.
Simultaneously with the teeming of the steel from the first to the second ladle
there is run into the latter "B" the requisite quantity of Spiegeleisen, Ferro-
manganese, or other alloys in a molten condition, and also from the same furnace
in which these alloys have been melted, or from another furnace a suitable quantity of
molten slag of a nonoxidising character, and preferably siliceous. The slag for this
purpose may be that produced from an open-hearth or Siemen's furnace, when
manufacturing steel with a sand or siliceous bottom or may be a slag prepared for
the purpose.
The moment the steel has run from the first into the second ladle "B" and before
the Basic slag has followed, the stream is stopped, or one of the ladles is instantly
removed, and the steel in the second or bottom ladle "B" is teemed into moulds in
the usual way.
The furnace in which the alloys referred to are melted, may, according to the weight
of alloys required be an ordinary cupola furnace or a gas-fired open hearth furnace,
and may especially if the latter character of furnace be used have a carbonaceous
bottom which may be made by ramming coke and tar in the bottom, or in some other
convenient way.
The annexed drawing illustrates the method of transferring the steel from the first
ladle "A to the second ladle "B."
"
By the above method of proceeding the content of carbon or other element in the
steel can be regulated with greater accuracy than has hitherto been done when
manufacturing steel by what is known as the "Basic" process and "ship" or other
qualities of steel can be made at will.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
;
(1) The separation of the "Basic" slag and the substitution of a slag of a non-
oxidising character, preferably siliceous.

page_text: (2) The partial or complete addition of the alloys in a molten condition after the
separation of the "Basic" slag substantially as herein described.
Dated this 30th day of December 1889.
WILLIAM F. JACKSON.
WILLIAM GALBRAITH