Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN-LINED LEAD PIPING, AND OF TIN AND LEAD PIPING, AND OF SOIL AND WATER PIPES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE COVERING OF TELEGRAPH CABLES WITH LEAD
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James John Harrop, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Lead Merchant, for the Invention of “Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN-LINED LEAD PIPING, AND OF TIN
AND LEAD PIPING, AND OF SOIL AND WATER PIPES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE COVERING OF TELEGRAPH
CABLES WITH LEAD.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James John Harrop at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th February 1874.
I, JAMES JOHN HARROP, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
5 Lead Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN-LINED LEAD PIPING, AND OF TIN
AND LEAD PIPING, AND OF SOIL AND WATER PIPES, AND IN THE APPARATUS

page_text: EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE COVERING OF TELEGRAPH CABLES
WITH LEAD," to be as follows:—
My Invention relates in the first place to the manufacture of tin-lined
lead piping. When making tin-lined lead piping previously to my said
Invention the ingot of combined lead and tin has been formed apart
from the press and has been transported to and placed within the
"container." According to this part of my Invention I cast the said
ingot in position in the said "container.” To effect this I place a core-
bar of a suitable size in a central upright position within the container
and pour the molten lead into the annular space thus formed. When ]
the lead is sufficiently set I substitute a smaller core-bar for the core-bar
first named and pour molten tin into the space between the second core-
bar and the lead. In most cases the said smaller core-bar may be the
mandril which is to remain in the ingot to form the bore of the pipe.
This part of my Invention is applicable in cases wherein the container is
fixed or formed in the cross head, and the formed pipe issues from, the
die in an upward direction or passes downwards through a hollow ram,
or wherein the said container is forced upwards by hydraulic pressure.
In one arrangement the core-bar is carried by a cross head which is
connected by means of rods or pillars with the ram head in such a
manner as that the said corc-bar moves at the same rate as the ram and
dic, whereby the end of the core-bar, which imparts form to the bore of
the piping, retains its position with relation to the said die. This
arrangement is also applicable in the manufacture of lead and tin
piping. In cases wherein the mandril is not removed after each
operation of the press I make the first-named core-bar tubular so that it
can be caused to enclose the said mandril preparatory to the running in
of the lead. After the lead has been run in the said tubular core-bar is
withdrawn and molten tin is poured into the space vacated by the said
core-bar.
When a rising and falling container is used I prefer to fit the
die at the bottom of the container and to cause the pipe to issue down-
wards through a tube which slides in a gland at the lower end of the
cylinder. When so arranged it is not necessary to discharge the portion
of the ingot left after each operation as it remains at the bottom of the
container and the next ingot formed unites with it.
In a modification of this arrangement suitable to be used when
covering telegraph cables with lead the lead is passed upwards through

page_text: a tube sliding in a gland in the cylinder, as aforesaid, and thence
through a hollow core-bar and die and issues upwards covered with
lead.
Another part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of soil pipes
and water pipes, and consists in forming such pipes of ornamental or
irregular shapes in cross section by employing dies and core-bars, or
core-bar ends suitably formed to impart the required sections. I am
thus enabled to form the said pipes fluted or otherwise ornamental, and
when so formed they are suitable to be placed in conspicuous positions
on the outsides of buildings.
A second part of my Invention relates to the inner rams which are
employed in the making of soft metal piping to effect the discharge of
the ingot bottom or remainder, and consists in supplying the said inner
ram with water by means of tubes which slide in glands formed or
mounted in or on tubes which are connected with the pumps.
According to another part of my Invention I employ, either alone or
in conjunction with fire-clay lumps, a burning mixture of carburetted
hydrogen gas and air, or the said gas burnt with the aid of a blast of air
to heat the container, and I apply the same to the interior of the
container to maintain the container in a heated state at times when the
press is not in operation.
In a remaining part of my Invention I actuate by power the drum or
reel upon which "small piping" is wound after formation, and employ a
traversing guide to regulate the coiling of the piping upon the said drum
or reel.
The said guide may conveniently be traversed by means of a
rotating screw actuated through a bevil wheel and clutch reversing
motion, by means of which the direction of traverse of the guide may be
quickly reversed. I so arrange the driving of the said drum or reel as
that the speed of the driving belt shall exceed to some extent the speed
of the driven pulley so as to ensure that the tubing shall be wound as
rapidly as it is formed; or I employ a differential motion, as for
example, conical pulleys, and pass the tubing over a pulley the rising
and falling of which is made to shift the strap upon the said conical
pulleys.

page_text: on the 6th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
JOHN HARROP, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Lead
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James John Harrop, Her special license
that I, the said James John Harrop, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James John Harrop, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN-LINED LEAD PIPING, AND OF TIN AND LEAD PIPING,
AND OF SOIL AND WATER PIPES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE COVERING OF TELEGRAPH CABLES WITH LEAD,”
upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said James John
Harrop, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and :
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James John Harrop, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: pour
lead piping. When making tin-lined lead piping previously to my said
Invention the ingot of combined lead and tin has been formed apart
from the press, and has been transported to and placed within the
"container." According to this part of my Invention I cast the said
ingot in position in the said "container." To effect this I place a core
bar of a suitable size in a central upright position within the container,
and the molten lead into the annular space thus formed. When the
lead is sufficiently set I substitute a smaller core bar for the core bar first
named and pour molten tin into the space between the second core bar
and the lead. In most cases the said smaller core bar may be the mandril
which is to remain in the ingot to form the core of the pipe. This
part of my Invention is applicable to cases wherein the "container"
is fixed or formed in the cross head, and the formed pipe issues from
the die in an upward direction, or passes downwards through a hollow
ram or wherein the said "container " is forced upwards by hydraulic
pressure.
In one arrangement the core bar is carried by a cross head which is
connected by means of rods or pillars with the ram head, in such a
manner as that the said core bar moves at the same rate as the ram and
dic, whereby the end of the core bar which imparts form to the bore of
the piping retains its position with relation to the said dic. This
arrangement is also applicable in the manufacture of lead and tin piping,
and in a modified form in the covering of telegraph cables with lead.
In cases wherein the mandril is not removed after cach operation of
the press I make the first named corc bar tubular so that it can be
caused to enclose the said mandril preparatory to the running in of
the lead. After the lead has been run in the said tubular core bar is
withdrawn and molten tin is poured into the space vacated by the said
core bar.
In the modification suitable to be used when covering telegraph cables
with lead, the cable is passed through a hollow core bar and die and
issues covered with lead.
Another part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of soil pipes
and water pipes of ornamental or irregular shapes in cross section, and
consists in the employment of dies and core bars, or core bar ends
suitably formed to impart the required sections. I am thus enabled to
form pipes fluted or otherwise ornamental, and when so formed they are

page_text: formed to bolt or to be secured to the under side of the cross head c.
In the example a container j is fitted or formed within the said cross
head in order that by making slight changes in the apparatus the ingot
may be cast in a fixed container in manner to be described hercin-after
when referring to Figs. 2 and 3, but the said container j is not required
when the rising container d is employed. The die which gives form to
the exterior of the pipe is is secured in the lower end of the die holder i.
The lower end of the ram b is formed as a double acting piston as in the
case of the ram 6 in Fig. 3, in order that the said ram may be forced
outwards from the cylinder or drawn inwards as required.
When operating with the press a large core bar is placed in a central
position within the container, the lower end of the said bar being kept
in position by the block e, and the upper end by means of a temporary
frame. Molten load is now poured or run into the container. When
sufficiently set the said core bar is removed and a bar k of lesser diameter
is inserted in its place, and molten tin is run into the annular space
between the bar j and the lead ingot. The removal of the larger core
bar may be effected by securing it to a bar which is slung from the cyc
bolts 2, 2, or by otherwise holding the said corc bar whilst the ram and
container are "pumped" down. The ram b is now forced upwards and
the tin lined piping issues upwards. When the whole or nearly the
whole of the ingot has been converted into piping the screw h is turned
so as to cause the rod f to be securely held, and water is forced above the
piston of the ram so as to cause the container to be drawn down, and
the rod being stationary the ingot bottom is discharged from the
container and can be removed from off the block c. The said screw is
then slackened so as to permit the said block to fall or to be depressed
into position at the bottom of the container when the above operations
may be repeated.
In some cases I may fit the die at the bottom of the container and
cause the formed piping to issue downwards through a tube which I
substitute for the solid rod f.
Fig. 2 illustrates another method of forming tin lined piping by a
slight change in the arrangements. In this example the die holder i or
a hollow ram of a similar form is reversed and is secured to the con-
tainer d, and the fixed container j is employed, the upper end of the said
die holder or ram entering the lower end of the said container so as to

page_text: act therein as a ram to force out the soft metal. The container j may
either be in one piece with the said cross head, or be separately formed
and be secured in position within the cross head, in which latter case
containers varying in internal diameter may be substituted for one
another. The die / is secured in position within the upper mouth of the
container by means of the cottars m or by other suitable means. A rod n
is secured to the upper end of the rod f, and to the upper end of the
rod n is secured or attached the core which imparts form to the interior
of the piping, and which may be changed as required. When operating
with the press a tube of a thickness corresponding to the intended
thickness of tin in the compound ingot is slid on to the rod n, and the
molten lead is then poured into the annular space which surrounds the
said tube. The said tube is then withdrawn and molten tin is poured
into the space which the tube has just vacated. The die block is then
placed in position in the mouth of the retainer and secured by means of
the cottars m, and when the ingot is considered to be in a suitable
condition the ram i is forced up the formed pipe issuing in an upward
direction. To make tinned lead piping molten tin is poured into the
pipe as it first issues from the press. The ingot bottom remaining is
ejected by forcing the hollow ram i upwards after the cottars m have
been removed. If the press is only required to be used with a fixed
container the container d may be dispensed with. This arrangement is
suitable to be used in the formation of the herein-before mentioned
pipes of rectangular, fluted, or irregular section. To form such pipes a
core piece formed at the upper end to the required internal form of the
pipe is attached to the upper end of the rod n. The form of the said
core piece is gradually caused to approach a circular shape in cross
section until it becomes circular at the point of attachment to the rod n,
as indicated in Figs. 5 and 6. The aperture in the die block is made of
a form which will impart required configuration to the outside of the
pipe.
Another method of producing tin lined piping is illustrated by Fig. 3.
In this example a tube o is substituted for the rod f. The lower end of
the piston ram and the bottom of the cylinder are fitted with cup
leathers, though which the said tube passes. The die is fixed in the
upper end of the hollow ram i. A core bar p is fitted to slide in a
closing block, which is secured in position in the mouth of the container
by means of the cottars m, as in the case of the die block in Fig. 2, and

page_text: the said core bar is attached by its upper end to the cross bar q, which
is connected by the side rods r, r, with the table or head of the ram b.
The lower end of the said corc bar is shaped to impart the required size
and form to the bore of the piping, and may be of a round form or of
other forms, as indicated when referring to Figs. 5 and 6. Supposing
the said core bar to have been detached from the cross bar g and removed
q
the operation of making tin lined piping would be about as follows:-
The upper end of the hollow ram i is caused to enter a short distance
into the container, and a large core bar having been placed in a central
position within the container molten lead is poured in, and when set the
said core is removed and the core bar p is placed in position and is
secured to the cross bar q. Molten tin is then poured into the space
between the lead ingot and the said core bar, and the aforesaid closing
block is secured in position, or the tin is introduced through an opening
in the said block after the said block has been fixed in position, the said
opening being afterwards closed with a screw plug. After a suitable
interval the ram i is forced upwards, and the tin lined piping issues
downwards and passes out of the press through the tube o. This form
of press may also be employed in the making of tin or lead piping, in
which case the container may be refilled without removing the said
closing block, in manner as herein-after described when referring to

page_text: insulate the cable more effectually, the covered cable passes around a
pulley and issues through an opening formed in d. If preferred, the
cable may issue downwards through a tube as in Fig. 3, and also the
pulley and side opening may be employed in the making of piping in
the press represented in Fig. 3. When the lead in the container is
nearly exhausted the ram i is pumped down to the position represented
in the Drawing, and the screw plug u having been removed the container
is again filled with molten lead, which attaches itself by fusion to the
portion of lead remaining from the preceding operation.
Fig. 7 illustrates the arrangement for conveying water to force
upwards and draw downwards the inner rams, which are sometimes
arranged to work within the main ram for the purpose herein-before
indicated. In this example a tube w communicating with the interior
of the ram slides within a gland formed in the upper end of the pipe
y, which is connected with the hydraulic pumps. To heat the container
I employ either alone or in conjunction with fire-clay lumps a burning
mixture of carburetted hydrogen gas and air, or I employ the said gas
burnt with the aid of a blast of air, and I also cause the flames so
produced to act upon the interior of the container so as to maintain the
said container in a heated stato when the press is not in operation. The
remaining Figures are illustrative of the last part of my Invention.
Fig. 8, drawn about one-twelfth of the full size, represents a side
elevation, and Fig. 9 a front or end elevation of a machine for coiling
piping. In the said Figs. a¹ is a shaft fitted to revolve on bearings
carried by the framing of the machine, and 6¹ is a circular frame which
is fixed on one end of the said shaft, and carries four barrels c¹, c¹,
which are loosely mounted on studs fixed in the said frame. Spur
wheels d' are also mounted on the said studs, each spur wheel being in
frictional contact with a disc, which is pressed against the said spur
wheel by means of adjustable bolts or by springs, or other suitable or
known arrangements may be employed to drive the said spur wheel by
frictional contact. The said disc in each case drives the barrel c¹ by
means of a projection or stud, or other connection, or the said disc may
be attached to or formed on the said barrel. A spur wheel e¹ arranged
to gear with any one of the wheels d', d', is fixed on a shaft f¹, which
is fitted to revolve in bearings, and receives motion from the cone shaft
g', on which is mounted the fast and loose pulleys ³, by means of which
the apparatus is actuated. A cone , fixed on the shaft g¹, drives a

page_text: second cone ¹, and on the axle of the last named conc is mounted a
reversing motion k', consisting of three mitre wheels and a sliding
clutch represented on a larger scale in Fig. 10. The said clutch is
shifted by means of a lever m¹, which is moved in one direction or the
other by means of the tumbling lever n¹ in the manner indicated in
Fig. 10. The central wheel of the reversing motion is fixed on a shaft
o', which effects the rotation of a nut shaft p¹ by means of the mitre
wheels q¹. The last named shaft is fitted to revolve in bearings, and is
tapped or fitted with .a nut, in which works the screw shaft r³, which
carries the guide 8¹, through which the piping is led to the barrel c². A
drum t¹ is mounted upon the same shaft as the tumbling lever n', and
on the same shaft is mounted a second lever u¹, which carries a gripping
picce, which I will term a pawl, and which is arranged to act upon the
edge of the flanch of the said drum, so as to turn the said drum when
moving in the direction of the arrow, but to slip when running in the
opposite direction. A detent carried by the lever n¹ prevents a return
movement of the said drum. Two straps, chains, or cords v¹, v², which
are attached to the end of the screw shaft r¹, pass over studs or pulleys
w on the lower end of the lever n', and are attached to the said drum.
The action of the apparatus may be described as follows:-The end of
the piping proceeding from the press is led through the guide &¹ and
secured to the barrel c¹, and the said barrel being caused to revolve the
piping is wound thereon, and at the same time motion will be imparted
in the manner herein-before described to the nut shaft p¹, and the screw
shaft and guide s¹ will be caused to traverse, say, in the direction
indicated by the arrow, whereby the regular coiling of the piping upon
the barrel will be effected. The speed of traverse of the guide s¹ to suit
the diameter of the piping can be regulated by shifting the strap upon
the cones by means of the handle x¹. As the said guide approaches the
other end of the said barrel the strap v² tightens and acting upon the
lever ¹ causes it to "tumble over" in the direction indicated by
the arrow into the position represented in Figs. 10 and 11, whereby, the
directions of motion of the nut shaft p' and of the guide &¹ are reversed.
The said guide will now move in a direction contrary to that indicated so
as to lay a second coil upon the barrel. When the lever n¹ "tumbles
over," as aforesaid, the said lever and the drum t¹ move together, the
lever u¹ resting upon a projection on the lever n' until the said lever u¹
comes into contact with a stud y¹ which arrests its further movement.

page_text: The rotation of the said drum being now arrested, and the movement of
the lever n¹ continuing, portions of the straps v1, v2, will be coiled upon
the said drum and the said straps will then be shortened. As this
shortening of the said straps takes place at the completion of each second
coil it follows that the reversion of the direction of motion is effected
earlier for succeeding coils so that the coils are built up in a tapering
form, as indicated by the dotted lines. When a sufficient quantity of
piping is coiled upon the barrel the said piping is cut, and a catch z¹ is
raised to release the frame 6', when the said frame can be rotated
sufficiently to disconnect the filled barrel and to raise an empty barrel
into position to be filled; the coils on the filled barrel can then be tied
and removed during the filling of another barrel or of other barrels. The
stud y¹ is secured in a slot so that its position can be adjusted in order
that the lever ¹ shall strike it earlier or later, according to the diameter
of the piping which is to be coiled.
The apparatus may also be employed in the coiling of lead or soft
metal wire formed in a similar manner to the lead piping.
By continuing the shafts f¹ and ², as indicated by the dotted lines,
two or more sets of barrels can be simultaneously filled.
The details of the apparatus, and especially of the parts which effect
the reversal of the direction of the motion of the said guide, may be
varied without departing from the nature and intent of my Invention.
Having now fully described and indicated the nature of my said
Invention, and the means whereby I carry the same into practical effect,
I would in conclusion have it to be understood that I claim,-
First. When making tin lined piping casting the compound ingot in
position within the "container" of the press.
Secondly. The apparatus and arrangements for and methods of
operating when making tin lined lead piping, substantially as set forth
and indicated herein-before and in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The central rod and tube f and o and the vice g, or an
equivalent holding apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before set forth and indicated.
Fourthly. The apparatus for making tin, lead, and tin lined piping,
substantially as set forth and indicated herein-before with reference to
Fig. 3 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fifthly. The herein-before described modification to be employed in
the covering of telegraph cables with lead.
Sixthly. The method of forming pipes of ornamental or irregular
section, substantially as herein-before set forth and indicated.
Seventhly. The arrangement substantially as and for the purpose set
forth and indicated when referring to Fig. 7 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Eighthly. The method of heating the container, as herein-before
indicated.
And, lastly. The coiling apparatus or any mere modification thereof,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated herein-before
and in the accompanying Drawings.
▸
In witness whereof, I, the said James John Harrop, have hereunto
set my band and seal, this Fifth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
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