OR IMPROVED METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING AND USING RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, AND OTHER WAYS, AND IN THE COMBINATION AND OF MATERIALS BY PROCESSES AND MECHANICAL MEAN'S H ... MANUFACTURE 1 I ,SUITABLE FOR THE I OTHER WAYS."
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Pinkus, of No. 62, Camden Road, N.W.,
London, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, "for the
ention of "NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING AND USING
RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, AND OTHER WAYS, AND IN THE COMBINATION AND
OF MATERIALS BY PROCESSES AND MECHANICAL MEAN'S
H
...
MANUFACTURE
1
I
,SUITABLE
FOR
THE
I
OTHER WAYS."
1
E
CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF SUCH RAIL, TRAM, OR
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Pinkus at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1871.
5 1
HENRY PINKUS, of No. 62, Camden Road, N.W., London, in the
5 County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, for "NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING AND,
USING RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, AND OTHER WAYS, AND IN THE COMBINATION AND
MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS BY PROCESSES AND MECHANICAL MEANS SUITABLE
•
A

page_text: FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF SUCH RAIL, TRAM, OR OTHER WAYS," to be
as follows:-
My discovery is in the combinations of certain materials, which with
and by new processes and my Invention of mechanical apparatus and
machinery in combination-with-well-known engines and apparatus, I
_am_enabled.to-effect-the-manufacture of artificial-vitrifying asphalte, and
then to apply the same-in-combination with common roads, in the
formation of economical railways, tramways for streets of cities-and
towns, and the paths thereof, as well also as other surfaces.
By my processes and machinery I seek to imitate and follow the
processes of nature in the production of such as the well-known
asphalte of many different countries, by adopting the same_or_ similar
materials in combination with others to accord a more vitric effect with
a stronger biniary without lessening the elasticity or permitting friability
or disintigration under the action of vibratory pressure. Now therefore in
imitation of nature, and being able to combine certain materials for the
best adaptation suitable for the intended uses in the formation and uses
of the said objects I prepare suitable basis of material for more
permanently holding the biniary material and impregnate it in a manner
that gives constant atmospheric pressure to assist and maintain the
elasticity of the bituminous biniary under vibration and concussive
shocks, by abstracting moisture and atmospheric air-from the celular
granulates of the materials, thus allowing more perfect deposit of the
bitumen and retention by atmospheric pressure instead of repulsion
under heightened temperature. To that end I combine materials both
soft and vitrified with hard materials to resist wear and tear, and render
rough super surface to avoid slipperyness.
And in the first instance I dry by intense heat and discharge
atmospheric air by vacuo and under bituminous vapour injection in vacuo,
and so impregnate the material under its expansive force and -pressure,
and then cool the combined material under the common pressure of the
atmosphere in imitation of nature.
•
For these objects I construct a cast-iron cylinder with oval ends
and internal rings, say 6 feet diameter and 15 or 18 feet in length,
having rail rings on external side to rest for support on fixed stationary,
rollers. If cast iron the cylinder may be cast in short lengths and
united by flange joints, when the flanges will form the rail-rings..

page_text: Through the internal centre of this cylinder there is a hollow, axis 10
inches diameter with numerous pierced apertures; the ends of the
hollow axis supports the cylinder on trunnions. On the top side of 'the
cylinder there is a man-hole with attached lid by hinge joint. The
cylinder will be suspended on the trunnions holding the hollow axis and
by the rollers fixed on the under side of it and held in standards. The
cylinder may be placed on or below the surface level of ground. On one
side of this revolving cylinder is a fixed hollow wrought-iron pipe, say
twelve inches diameter, equal to its entire length, and is pierced by a
series of long slot apertures along its whole length, and on the inside of
this pipe a sheet iron. worm revolves intended to eject the asphalte when
completed in the combination of its several materials. This cylinder is
made to revolve on its trunnions by wheel gearing or band on 'pullies,
and moved by steam engine. Parallel and near to this mixing cylinder
is one or two wrought-iron cylinders with oval ends and of a capacity
equal to the said 'mixing cylinder, strengthened by several internal
wrought-iron rings so as to sustain under vacuo an atmospheric pressure
equal to twenty-five inches of mercury. These vacuum cylinders are
connected with the said mixing cylinder by four-inch wrought-iron
connecting pipes, having each a steam 'slide valve moved by 'hand
screw and T piece.
I now construct a steam generator on the principle of that described in
my Patent, 16th August, 1869, having a hermetically closing furnace
which I'heat for the compressed conjesting combustion with my hydro-
carbon and superheated steam process therein shewn. This furnace and
steam generator is for high pressure, say one hundred and twenty pounds
pressure, and is of a power capable of generating steam required for 'the
vacuum cylinders and also for the engine steam hammer and work of the
plant. This steam generator is connected with the vacuum cylinders by
strong six-inch wrought-iron connecting pipes fitted with flat slide
valves worked by screw and hand gearing.
I also construct a retort furnace for evolving into vapour mineral
bitumen, and connect the vertical retorts firstly with a vapour heating
receptacle to give degrees of expansion to the condensable vapour (not a
permanent gas). This heating receptacle is also connected with the said
mixing cylinder by a connecting pipe and slide valve.
I now construct a common hot-air stove and blower, from which
during the first heating and drying process hot air is, injected into the

page_text: 1.also construct a circular-crushing_or_puiverising and granulating.
trough, say ten feet diameter, eighteen inches deep, and two feet six-
inches wide at the top, and I connect with the trough-a-spherical ball of
cast iron either solid or hollow to be filled in for weighting. This ball
revolves on an axis; its outer surface is corrogated in the line of its motion,
or. made rough as may be desired to roll on the broken material and
granulate or pulverise it ;-a fixed tool is so connected as to act within the
trough, and stir and change the position of the material. Now-on-one.
side of this trough and connected with it. I construct a steam hammer,
its piston cylinder; taking steam from the said steam generator. The
hammer. is suspended from its foundation separate from the revolving
trough, but overhanging it; and to the hammer is connected any
suitable crushing and granulating tool for reducing the dry-lime blast
furnace, puddling or other like furnace slag and cinder, or reducing..
bituminous shale or other combining materials for mixing and manipu-
lating the artificial asphalte in manner herein-after described. Motion
is given to the horizontal revolving trough by the steam engine of the
plant by any convenient gearing. At one side of this trough is a
delivering slide, aperture with a fixed tool near to.it for discharging the
trough, and throwing the granulated materials on to an endless apron,
which is made to move towards and convey the crushed materials to the
hopper of the said mixing cylinder and delivering it therein.
i
$
}
3.-
... Having now described the plant of works necessary for preparing the
combining materials and manipulating them by and with the processes
Stan daranihed in rowind no hamsin after

page_text: 3: Mineral bitumen for upper floor of rail, tramway or other roads;
side paths, courtyards, railway platforms, or other surfaces.
4. For foundation of rail, tram, or other roads, I use the common
broken granite known as the Macadam.
5. For the first top covering to the Macadam, 6. I use bituminous
shale reduced to a fourth size of the Macadam.
6. I use the reduced bituminous shale after it has been used in the
abstraction of its bitumen for manufacturing of oil.
7. I may use shale when not bituminous as an under floor and top
cover to broken granite, and by my process 'infusing into it vegetable
bitumen, such as common pitch or Baltic or like material.
8. I may use to bituminise under flooring the well-known Trinidad
bitumen..
9. For top surface of ways I use my vitrifying artificial asphalte.
10. I use in any of the applications herein described as a top. or
I
surface paving or way, either my artificial, vitrifying asphalte, or
-combine with my processes or constructions of rail, tram, paths, or
roads, any of the well-known asphaltes of Europe, America, or else-
where.
11. I also combine as a foundation for any such' railway, tramway,
streets, paths, or other. surface, as an under floor to any kind of asphalte,
as a top floor to the broken granite or.shale, my system of the textile
cubical wood or stone, under flooring. as contained in a former Patent of
mine, No: 8663, recorded 5th April 1841.
For my artificial vitrifying asphalte I combine decarbonized grey lime
or blue lias, and for the vitrifying material granulated titanic iron and
fluoride calcium or fluorspar combined, as in my Patent of 16th August,
1869, and as herein, and subjecting it to a red heat as in the boshes of
the blast furnace, or pig mould as therein. Fluorine and titanic acid gas
the
is evolved, and which I cause to penetrate
grey limè or lias in the
mixing cylinder, vitrifying the mass under my process in vacuo; the
fluorspar slag is also added before the mineral bituminous vapour is
injected to diffuse the mass of combined materials to which the slag and
cinder of the fluoride and fluorspar and titania vitrified as added, thus
+

page_text: .adding susquioxide of iron.
"
In some cases. I combine with fluoride
nitrate of soda, whose gas and slag unite with those.
2.
In some cases pulverised iron stone, red hematite may also be mixed
with those materials and titanic iron, to form a solid floor on top of
broken granite, thus forming a solid floor before the vitric asphalte is
put on. If-shale-reduced it must be heated in retorts, dropped. from the
retorts-and-quickly-spread evenly and rolled with heavy iron rollers
heated by gas-first-laying a half-inch surface of lime and dry sand.
This is better suited as a top dressing on broken granite and to be
covered with a three inch thick artificial asphalte or any other asphalte,
the more, especially for supporting when combined with my rail or
tramway system herein-after described, or as a lower floor when asphalte
is used in combination with rail or tram roadway. In such case part of
the surface-level-supporting the rail or tram may be formed on a broken
granite foundation by combining with the rail or tram a textile cubical
stone surface, two feet six inches wide with margins of eighteen inches
wide of asphalte, on which india-rubber wheels of tram cars, may run,
whilst the impelling tram wheel runs in a grooved rail herein-after
described.
**
In some cases, for manipulations with any of the aforesaid materials
of my said Patent of 1869, No. 2440, if the circular rotatory apparatús,
or when operating directly with the crucible of the melting shaft, I
combine said granulates of titanium and the aforesaid fluoride calcium
(i.e.) fluorspar pulverised alone with titanic granulates or iron sand, but
as herein-after described in connection with the said fluoride and
titanium a varied application, and when applied in the hearth pool of a
cupola or rotating apparatus I first sift on to the lower surface of either
of the receptacles the said combined titanic granulates and finely powdered
fluorspar evenly to the depth of half an inch more or less according to
the quantity of the materials, and after injecting on to this in cloudy
spray steam for compact of surface. When the said calcine fluorspar
alone be used I cause streams of the molten metal to pour on to the
surface of this and titanium in said apparatus, when by the contact of
the fluid metal combustion of these reacting agents will take place in
the whole body of the boiling materials in the pools, described in said.
Patent of 16th August, 1869.
.
The silicium, sulphur, and phosphates will be illiminated and expelled
in and with fluorine and titanic acid cons in the aforesaid condit

page_text: +4
1
12
**
-
*
?.
75
as
passing through a connecting pipe to the mixing cylinder to infuse the
mass of material, and the iron, thus reduced may be run into pigs of
metals described. But when any of the inferior ores, pig, or other metal
therein before referred to may for this purpose be melted and manipu-
lated, I vary the processes by another method by applying the said
combined titanic granulates, and fluoride or fluorspar with firstly,
described but in less quantity and thickness, in hearth pool, and I sift
over and on to this combination.a surface of the said powdered nitrate of
soda, in thickness and quantity desirable, according to the quantity of
the fluid, metal poured over the top flat surface of these agents; com-
bustion will first act upon and consume the nitrate of soda, manipulate
it by reaction, described in said former Patent of 16th August, 1869,
and expel it in the form of gas to a large extent, then the boiling
metal reaching on to the upper surface of said fluorspar and titanic
iron, combustion with it will ensue, reacting manipulation thus will
complete this process with the iron, the nitric acid gas combining with
the fluorine and ejected into said mixing cylinder.
7.
ffff
•
'
7
1
*+
..
14
11
21
* 75
1.1 1
Now the same or similar methods may be applied with the..same
vitrifying materials may in some cases be combined with red hematite
- ore, manganese, or spigleizen, in said action with the said fluorine gas
rotating apparatus so formerly described, one situate on the higher level
for first manipulation with. nitrate of soda or the metal tapped direct
from the crucible of the melting shaft, and afterwards poured into the
second receptacle charged with the combined titanic powdered granulates
and said fluorspar for completion, whilst the fluorine and nitric acid gas
be led to said mixing cylinder and the fluid metal be run into-pig
moulds for common uses. On combustion of said fluorspar and granu-
lates of titania; reduced to fine powder and sifted over the lower surface
of said receptacle, pool, or hearth of cupola or, fixed apparatus described,
forming an even bed, the fluid metal, is poured thereon, and as herein
described combustion, and reaction ensues, the gaseous vapour: will
firstly diffuse into the body of the boiling metal, react on and combine
with silicates and sulphur of the fluorspar or calcine and, eject'
them in the form of fluorine, nitric acid vapour, and slag, for vitrifying
1.
.

page_text: August, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, or in some cases
its covered hot-water heater or cold-water cooler, when a charge of grey
lime, blast, puddle, or other furnace slag iron cinder is' let in, the
discharging screw or worm having been adjusted and the man-hole
supplied with removable funnel, this mixing cylinder is in a condition
for action when the man-hole is luted and closed.
Thirdly. The heat of a common hot-air stove and blower having been
prepared for action, and its connected pipe and valve adjusted.
Fourthly.. The steam engine of the plant causes the mixing cylinder
to revolve at the same time the hot air of the stove is injected through
its connecting pipe and valve into the revolving cylinder through its
central hollow pierced axis, and out of a temporary funnel placed on the
opposite end of this axis. The cylinder revolving lifts the granulated
material, which falls again from the lifting cups, or corrugations, or
narrow shelves in streams of drying materials, the hot air thus pene!
trating the mass and drying it.
.
Fifthly. The steam generator and its furnace having been in order for
action, and the steam at a pressure of, say, one hundred and twenty
pounds pressure.
Sixthly. The vacuum cylinder with their inlet and outlet valvės
adjusted, and the connecting pipes and valves adjusted to the mixing
cylinder. Then when the mixing cylinder has been in operation a suffi:
cient time for drying the materials.
to'
Seventhly. And the retort furnace having been brought a tempera-
ture approaching to but below a dull red heat, and its equivalent
instrument, such as in my Patent of One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine, is, adjusted to regulate the injection of the fluid bitumen
intermittingly, so as during a given regulated time a given quantity of
bituminous vapor. shall be evolved and expanded into the mixing
cylinder from the heating receptacle of the retort furnace to the desired
extent, say ten to fifteen per cent. of bitumen.
-
Eighthly. Then the hot-air valve on its connecting pipe must-be shut
off. The vent funnel on the one end of the hollow axis of the mixing
cylinder closed by its lid' and luted, and the lid held by cross bar and
screw after the manner of a gas retort.
.

page_text: ᎨᏒ
Ninthly. In order now-to effect a partial vacuum or high rarifaction
in the mixing cylinder high-pressure, steam is let into the said vacuum
cylinders through its connecting pipes with the steam generator; the
vent valve, at the inlet ends of the vacuum cylinders being gradually
opened, and the regulating valves on the connecting pipes of the steam
-generator being gradually opened high-pressure steam will with much
-velocity_enter_at_one_end of the vacuum cylinders, and drive out their
-contents and atmospheric air until these cylinders are filled under pressure
with high steam. The air vents and steam valves should then be slowly
closed and sprays of cold water forcibly injected-by-the steam engine
into the cylinders, which will speedily condense the steam in them,
when a vacuum or high degree of rarifaction will obtain in them and
remain so, and as indicated by mercurial gauge united therewith.
i
! 1
Tenthly. The cut-off valve-on-the-connecting pipe uniting the mixing
cylinder with the vacuum cylinder is by degrees slowly opened; the
atmosphere in the hermetically closed.mixing cylinger.is then expanded,
and rushes into the vacuum cylinders, highly varifying the atmosphere
of the mixing cylinder, effecting any degree of vacuo desirable, and
abstracting any remaining moisture, air, vapor, or gas in the cellular
particles of the mixed materials.
Eleventhly. The retort apparatus being in action the vapor valve on
the connecting vapor, pipe connecting. the mixing.cylinder with the said
vapor, receptacle at, the retort furnace be. gradually opened, and the
equivalent instrument letting into the retorts the fluid mineral bitumen,
it will flash into vapour, which will be. further expanded in the heating
receptacle, and will be flashed into the rarified-medium of the mixing
cylinder, penetrating the granulated matter, calcine lime, slag, silicate, or
other material, at the same time the titanic granulates mixed with the
fluoride of lime or fluorspar being let into one of the said generating recep-
tacles will evolve fluorine and nitric acid gas, which will also pass into....
the mixing cylinder during the impregnating and vitrifying process and
with the bituminous vapor, or before its application will with its reduced
slag of lime and susquioxide of iron penetrate the asphalte material and
to a degree vitrify it.
- Other similar material suitable for combining to form asphalte-like
substance may be treated and manipulated in the same way by the same
apparatus and works. Thus bituminous shale after being worked for
obtaining oil may be reimipregnated with mineral or vegetable bitumen.

page_text: And in this manner asphalte material may be manufactured and trans-
ported and shipped abroad for paving or road forming ready for heating
and laying on as said under floorings as described. Whilst the cylinder is
rotating, shifting the materials, the bituminous-vapor then enveloping it
whilst mixing there remaining no repellent matter to prevent complete
penetration, absorption, and affinative union of the bitumen with the
asphalte materials. The bituminous vapor after filling the rarified
interior of the mixing. cylinder is forced by the expansive heat of the
gaseous vapor, until its condition, is changed into gascous compression,
equal to a compression of about one. atmosphere, or say equal to twenty-
five inches of mercury, and which pressure being continued for a short
time until the temperature of the material is lowered, the vapor and all
other valves be closed off. The common air is then let into the cylinder
which compresses and retains the bitumen, cooling and condensing it
with the atmospheric pressure. The cap of the discharging fixed pipe
on the inner side of the cylinder in which the worm acts, having metal
screw or worm, is set in motion by band on pulley actuated by the steam
engine, when the completed and combined. asphalte material is, pro-
jected from the end of the worm pipe into barrels or sacks or on to an
endless apron for conveyance to a depôt. As the worm ejects the material
the worm tube is continuously filled up by the material falling into the
-discharging pipe through the slot apertures on to the rotating worm.
After the mixing cylinder is thus discharged all the combined apparatus
is at once in readiness to repeat the operations for manipulations. These
operations may be repeated six times a day in one of such sets of
machinery of plant operating on five tons of asphalte at each charge
during the working day.
•
.
Now having herein described the methods by machinery and processes
for combining materials prepared for forming roads, side paths, railway
platforms, and other uses.
I now describe the methods by which I combine the herein-before
described materials with other materials for forming railways, tramways,
common roads, footpaths, &c., with my method of combining for
supporting materials indispensible in their formation with greater
economy.
When my vitrifying artificial asphalte is required for forming the
upper surface of common street ways or footpaths or other surfaces. If
for common street traffic, use of horses, and vehicles, where broken granite

page_text: has been used and has become consolidated, I reopen the road, lower the
top surface about six inches, but not breaking the lower level, but hard
roll it, and I combine my new material with it, giving it in the first
instance an upper dressing and forming an under floor of pulverized
bituminous shale, in one application covering about, three inches thick,
first heating the shale-in-a-portable_retort apparatus, dropping and
spreading-over the broken-granite-and rolling it with rollers heated
by gas, and thus compressing it into and on to the granite surface so-as-to
form a compressed, close, or solid mass, forming a continuous solid floor
over the width and length of the street or road, but-without-grouting_
with lime and sand, as is common and useless when the Macadam
foundation has been consolidated during many years. I afterwards cover
this compressed shale floor with a thickness of three inches of my
artificial asphalte, or-when the traffic is heavy four inches thick; first
making it in portable retort cars, and dropping, spreading, and-hot-
rolling it with gas-heating rollers to form a solid top floor adhereing to
the under shale floor, thus forming a solid massive double floor; six or
seven inches thick, adhering to the granite foundation, and capable of
sustaining the heaviest pressure and concussive shocks, with a rough
upper surface by the combined vitrified slag iron furnace cinder to
prevent slipperyness. But when an asphalte surface is required for sidė
walks of streets; railway stations, courtyards, docks, or stables, instead of
the bituminous shale floor I construct an under floor and foundation for
an asphalte covering by my wood or stone textile foundation, combining
the method contained in a former Patent, No. 8663, 1840, recorded
5th April 1841, of my Invention, with an asphalte covering or upper
floor, whereby perfect evenness is maintained under the heaviest wheel
traffic or shocks of concussion.
.
And when my Invention for combining of materials suitable for the
construction, and working of cheap narrow gauge railways or tramways,
I form the materials and combine and apply them partly with the
methods, and materials, and machinery contained in my said other
Patents granted to and held by me and herein referred to. Thus in
constructing cheap rail or tramways on and along old turnpike roads. I
form them by a combination of my vitrified artificial asphalte for sus

page_text: or tram as supporting sleepers, and further I so construct, combine, and
apply in use the iron ways as to permit and not obstruct the common
wheel traffic on such old roads, whilst facilitating it and enhancing the
value of properties that have become greatly depreciated by the progress
of the railway system. To these ends I construct a railway or tramway
on and along a street of a city or on and along a common turnpike road
in the following manner, so as to form a single or double rail or tram, or
a double line with a side or middle Macadam road in the middle between
the tracks if the road be a wide one.
If for a single track I open the surface, lower the granite metal
six inches, not disturbing the foundation. I lay on this'a continuous
grooved wood sleeper five inches by four or five, with wood dowels
uniting their ends. The groove in the top face of the sleeper -is two
inches deep and one and a half inch wide. I lay this sleeper on to the
hard rolled surface of the broken granite. I now form a floor of bitu-
minous shale coarsely granulated as before described, and rolled on with
heavy hot rollers, first heating the shale. I lay this hot rolled shale three
or four inches thick and form a a lower floor, supporting the sleeper by
impacting on it. I apply iron or steel rail or grooved tram bar, about
twenty-five pounds to the yard. This bar has a two-inch groove, and
horizontal lips.one inch wide is in a reform of and fits into the groove
of the wood sleeper. In one application there is only one rail or tram bar;
in some cases there may be two parallel. The single traction grooved
tram is intended for tram cars acting on india-rubber wheels, acting with
one impelling wheel traction, but gearing into impelling action by light
road traction steam engines, that condense and do not puff their steam.
The grooved tram bars are forced into the grooved sleeper by force, being
sufficiently flexible and bending in the wood groove, are firmly held
without chairs, bolts, nuts, or screws. This tram bar is so laid in the
wood groove as that its upper lip surface shall be even with the top
surface of the asphalte floor. When laying on the artificial or any other,
asphalte it is heated, and when laid on rolled,, not hammered, as is
common, which disintigrates it, but rolled with light hot rollers, which
are made heavier by degrees as it cools and consolidates by letting in
water to increase the weight; these rollers move on short length sleepers,
which are made to lower, as consolidation proceeds. The asphalte is
made to impact against both sides of the wood sleeper for its support
and that of the tram bar, and is laid even with its upper surface, the
'
1
4

page_text: lips of the bar thus giving permanent support so also the wood sleeper
which holds the tram bar.
Now when a double or up-and-down line of tramways are required,
the sleepers and-grooved trams are laid parallel or may deviate when
curves of the road-occur, each tram-bar being independent of the other.
This construction-of-combined asphalte-and iron tramway-may continue.
for any-length of road and worked-as-a-single or up-and-down lines, or
.may be parallel single or double four-wheel trams, but two-trams form
a double line on my system. But when a double tramway on this method
is to sustain heavy and much common wheel traffic .either the shale
floor must be laid on thicker, or my woven textile under floor
aforesaid, whether of cubical wood or stone blocks, on, such paths or parts.
of common road as may be used for heavy traffic.
In some applications to form a single track tramway the asphalte-
surface will be about six feet wide, with grooved tram rail in the middle
thereof, impacting on the continuous sleeper. The tramway car having
india-rubber wheels plying on the asphalte, whilst the impelling metal
wheel acts in the grooved rail for impelling adhesion, and may be
propelled by light steam road engine. The impelling wheels are two,
one before the other, the cranks of wheels united by double connecting
rods on both sides of impelling wheels after the manner of a single bar
railway of my said former Patent, No. 8663, parts of which I now
combine.
I further vary my present Invention of forming cheap tramways in
situations where expensive construction cannot be afforded, and to 2
accomodate small country towns or villages, I form the one track
tramway by imbedding the wood grooved sleeper and tram bar in the
surface of the broken granite road, and combine the asphalte street way
in two lines six feet apart from centre to centre and 18 inches
wide, to take the running wheels of a tram car on both sides of the tram 3
rail supported by the surface metal of common granite road or asphalte.
The asphalte way will be thus reduced to eighteen inches wide. In such
application the asphalte ways either on single or double. lines may, for
economy, be-laid on a top surface of granite, with either an under floor of
coarsely reduced lime rock and silicate with heated vegetable, bitumen, 3

page_text: tram cars can ply on these rail tramways for cheap transit of agricultural
products and people.
The light road steam impelling engines are differently constructed
from the massive railway locomotive, having no steam boilers, but
tubular steam generators that do not puff off their steam, but recondense
it without noise; they are from a four to six-horse power, can suddenly
increase this power on ascending gradients of road tramways, and road
engines may also apply, or such as my hydrocarbon vapour engine, specified
in a Patent granted to me, and No. 8207, enrolled the 25th February
1840; but when on any portion of this system of tramway severe
ascending gradients occur, I lay on the ascending side a raised common
edged railway bar instead of the said grooved bar on to the continuous
wood sleeper and asphalte, and raised six inches above the surface level,
and my horizontal impelling wheel system such as formerly used by me
on the Grand Junction Canal must be connected with the impelling hydro-
carbon engine, or other engine referred to or a suitable engine, which at
the same time connects the running wheels of the tram car by connecting
its running and bearing wheels with the crank, axles of the impelling
steam engine by side pullies and flexible india-rubber bands kept in or
at intervals thrown into gear by the power of the impelling engine to
assist tractive force, either on levels, ascending planes, or retarding
action on descents.
In the mixing combining processes the method described effects. by
various means with, firstly, bituminous expansion in the cylinder, and
resulting pressure prepare a more homogenous mass when subsequently
heated and rolled; experiments alone can determine the quantity and
equivalent materials for the best consolidating effect, and the quantities
of the fluoride of calcium known also as fluorspar, and an equivalent of
titaniferous iron sands containing sesqui and pro oxide of iron 64 with
titanic acid 34, and oxide of manganese, which subjected to a red heat
accord fluorine gas, and add also a slag vitrification.
´These processes are capable also of effecting improvement in the
foreign natural of rock asphalte, adding bitumen in some kinds that are
deficient in quantity of it, whilst it will abstract and lessen the quantity
in other kinds, which prevent consolidation and homogenous mass.
In cases where heavy transit must be provided for, it may be desirable
to construct the "tramway of two parallel rails in combination with

page_text: asphalte surface. In that case, the impelling wheels of the traction
engine will act in both parallel grooves attached to one axle, and. in
order to add to the adhesion on the rail a moveable iron bar moved by a
hand wheel is connected with the tram car under its floor; and forced by
the wheel fixed on the traction engine; a part of the weight of the tram
car_adds to the_weight_of_the_traction engine to increase the adhesion
_and bite on the rail of the impelling wheels, whilst-at-the-same-time
endless_india-rubber bands strengthened by wrought-iron-pitch-chains
acting on the broad pullies throw into impelling action the car wheels
to assist traction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patents
filed by the said Henry Pinkus in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th June 1872:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, HENRY
PINKUS, of No. 62, Camden Road, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of December," in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight.hundred and seventy-one, in the
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Pinkus, Her special licence
that I; the said Henry Pinkus, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Pinkus, iny executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term 2
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exércise,+-+and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING AND USING RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, AND OTHER WAYS,
AND IN THE COMBINATION AND MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS BY PROCESSES AND 3
MECHANICAL MEANS SUITABLE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF SUCH RAIL,
TRAM, OR OTHER WAYS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I;"
the said Henry Pinkus, my, executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under, my, or their, or one of their hands,
'

page_text: the said Invention; and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent...
NOW KNOW ŸE, that I, the said Henry Pinkus, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
་
My Invention and discovery consists in the methods of manufacture
and combinations of certain materials, which with and by new processes
and my Invention of improved and new mechanical apparatus and
machinery, some of which materials, apparatus, and machinery are
described and shewn in the Drawings of certain Patents granted to me,
the said Henry Pinkus, and dated the Fourth of October, One thou-
sand eight hundred and sixty-seven, No. 2792, and the Sixteenth of
August, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 2440, and in
which Patents I referred to and recombined therewith parts of other
Patents so therein referred to, in combination with which and with well-
known engines and apparatus I am enabled therefor by the mechanical
means, processes, with materials and methods of use; together with the
further recombination of any of them, or parts of them, with the works,
apparatus, machinery, methods of use, with the materials therein and
herein described; and of the wastes which occur in manufactures there-
from, as in the manufacture of iron; steel; and other metals or products of
manufacture herein described; so as to effect amongst other useful things
the manufacture of iron, steel; and also artificial vitrified asphalte from
waste productions thereof, and then to apply with my new and improved
methods of manufacturing iron, steel, and other metals, the same. in
combination, in the formation and more economical uses of railways or
tramways and structures connected therewith.
:
Now, in my said referred to Patent of One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-seven, I therein referred to my Invention of a rotary furnace
with compartments, and having entrance and exit hollow trunnions
supported by rollers, on which the rotary machine revolved, one end
of which was furnished with a detachable feeding mouth piece,
through which a blast tuyer injector with regulating cock was
R

page_text: +
-
inserted to inject materials on to other refractory material to protect
the iron inner face of the rotary regenerator from fluid gaseous
heat, whilst on the exit, end of the rotary apparatus a disconnecting
end piece and elbow inserted in a stuffing box, in connection with
which a water insulator taking a stream-of-cold-water was brought to
reduce the heat of incondescent-combustion, and-to-abstract-rapidly
radiating heat from the parts of the rotary-machine-liable to melt the
iron-thereof, and having a self-acting governor to regulate the flow of
water, and in my referred to Patent of the Fourteenth of August,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, No. 2096, I constructed
a furnace for effecting heating combustion with a double fire-box. one
below the other, in order that the intensity of heat might be kept
at a lower temperature in the one than in the other, and-to-that-end
I placed, instead of common tubular generators, duplex' generators,
connecting the inner and outer tubes with a mouth piece, through
which to pass steam and air, so as to abstract heat, keep down
the temperature of the duplex tubes, and prevent their overheating,
whilst the steam in passing through protecting the generators super-
heated the steam on one side and heated the air on the other, whilst
abstracting radiating heat, and favouring intensity of heat in the incon-
descent combustion part of the highly heated upper furnace, and whilst
letting in through regulating apertures cold air circulation, which passing
through the fire-face apertures protected fire-face of the: bridge and
heated the air for combustion part of the fire-box:
And in the recombined parts of my said former Patents, as in 'that of
the Fourth of October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven,
No. 2792, I further improved this part of my mechanical construction.
and methods of use and forming my, said double heating fire-box, by
dividing the lower reducing heat box from the upper incandescent
combustion box by a separating fire-face hearth of refractory material
made in narrow sectional parts, and perforated and combined there-
with a tubular frame or bridge, through which to circulate cold
water, or steam, or feed water to the boilers, and heated air for com-
bustion, whilst at the same time steam and air passed through the end
between the duplex heating tubes of the lower fire-box to protect the
said generators from excess of heat.
m
15

page_text: applied then in my said new or improved machinery and apparatus for
similar manipulations in, heating and manufacturing processes, and
particularly in-the-manipulations for the more economical manufactures
of iron and steel as for other metallurgical operations, I combined my
said Invention of a corrugated;.rotary iron convertor directly with the
crucible of a blast, cupola, or other metal reducing furnace, so as to tap
the, molten metal whilst in a highly heated and, easy running state,
and so as more efficiently prevent the formation of "sculls or lumps,"
and thus purify, puddle, fine ball, and prepare the puddled, bar for the
rollers, whilst by this method I better, preserved, the metal and saved
all the fuel commonly used for remelting, by first running into pig iron
moulds, and the better preserve. it from earthy, impurities received from
pig moulds, and at the same time utilized the waste gases of blast and
tunnel shaft:
t
"
These improvements are exemplified by the several Drawings and
Figures accompanying the Specification of said Patents, and my
further recombined parts of said former Patents as those referred to in
my Patent of Fourth October One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
seven, No. 2792, and Sixteenth of August One thousand eight hundred'
and sixty-nine, No. 2440, wherein I made discovery, and Inventions,
being further recombinations and improvements of parts of my Patent.
of One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, and whereby I
further improved my rotating puddler and refining iron and steel
apparatus, and again combined it with crucible of blast furnace,
charged it with molten metal direct from the crucible thereof," and
manipulating the molten metal by the corrugated rotary machine, com-
bining again in said apparatus, therewith my said described methods for
protecting fire-faces and linings by circulating in and on the rotary
puddler cold fluid or air or gas, as in my former Patents, protecting fire-
faces to abstract radiating heat and preserve the lining thereof; and I
also made the said rotating puddler portable, so as to take a cliarge of
molten metal, direct from the blast furnace, crucible, or a cupola base
pool, and move it on a tramway to a smoke stack instead of attaching
a smoke stack to the machine, and supplied to it further gaseous com-
bustion or other materials for decarbonizing or recarbonizing the metal,
and introducing materials for better eliminating silica, sulphur, or phos-
phorus, and then further moving the portable puddler to moulds or other
places for operation; and further I not only combined the said..rotary.
machine with a triplé cupola system for preparing molten metal, but
"
5
"7","

page_text: *
also with a rapidly reducing circular scrap and pig iron melting and
puddling machine for the manufacture of iron and steel by-new modes,
as also exemplified in the Specification and Drawings and Figures in
my said Patent of Sixteenth of August One thousand eight bundred and
sixty-nine, No. 2440, and I now for this-the-final-Specification of my
Patent of the Twelfth of December, One-thousand-eight hundred-and-
seventy-one, further as herein described, improve the works, apparatus,
and machinery described and shewn in my former referred to Patent as
herein after described in this Specification, for the more perfect and more!
economical manufacture of similar products, particularly in the manufac
ture of iron and steel, and I now avail myself of the refuse wastes largely:
produced in effecting such manufactures of metals, which are not only.
wastes but encumbrance on the works of manufactories, and--by-improv
ing manipulations with and recombinations of these materials of "waste, I
combine them with other materials by improved processes herein-after
described and. I recombine metals, so, made by my improved wor
works,
apparatus, machinery,, and improved processes, and combine the said iron
and steel with products of such waste material to effect, with, much
economy the structural formation of improved railways and tramways.
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する
11:
Having thus described the parts combining to form my further
improved rotating puddling and, refining furnace based on my aforesaid
former rotating, furnace referred to in my said former Patents, and now
recombined in material parts with those. and these berein-described, and
shewn in the Drawings of my Patents referred to as those of One
thousand. eight hundred and sixty-seven and One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine and Twelfth of December, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-one, and shewn in the Drawings No. 1 and
No. 2 of this Specification, and I now for greater facility in enhancing
more rapid production of puddled bar iron and steel with less cost
of manual labour and greater economy in cost of fuel. for heating
purposes, and more perfect manipulation for purity of resulting manu-
factures of metals, vary the applications and processes with materials as
herein-after described.
1. 3
317
وشهر
1.
:
+
For the attainment of these objects I construct my said rotating furnace
as herein-after described, and place and group four or eight of such in a
circular area, and combine them with a common or herein improved and
described turntable, which is made to rotate on rollers or circular rail,!
and moved thereon by bevelled rack and tangent wheels; so as to-take-

page_text: 4 1
each rotary: puddler in- quick succession to connection with the herein-
described first fixed crucible of smelting shaft, and second tilting
crucible connected therewith, for purifying the molten metal tapped
directly from the blast furnace, as described in my said Patent of the
Fourth of October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven,
No. 2792, and thus save the cost of fuel, in remelting pig, metals, and
by further-combined apparatus more profitably than heretofore utiliz-
ing the waste gases of the blast. furnace or smelting or melting
cupola by tapping the throat of the blast furnace; in a similar manner
to that. described and shewn in the Specification and Drawing, No. 9
of that Patent, or the cupola or reverberatory furnace of my said
Patent of One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 2440, may
be further combined with these constructions; and I now further im
prove that part of my construction and process. by combining there with
purifiers of such waste gases which contain much silica, phosphorus,
sulphur, and other impurities detrimental to the qualities of iron and
steel. To this end I construct and combine pipes and valves, described
and shewn in my said Specification of Fourth of October, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven, No. 2792; and I also combine with any
well-known gas purifiers' a second or dry material purifier, such as I
used in one of my said former Patents, with chloride of lime to finally
purify gas after its storage in gas holders; but I now use in this 'dry
process and final purifier the fluoride of calcium, commonly called fluor
spar, the better to purify and abstract impurities of the said waste gases,
the wastes of which purifying materials being at the same time utilized
with other wastes of iron manufacturing works with profit, and apply
the same purified gas for treating the puddling and refining rotary furnace
by combining the fire-box shewn in Drawing, No. 1, thus saving all the
cost in fuel commonly consumed in remelting, mixing, and alloying
whilst higher heats' may be given and better qualities of metals in
puddling from inferior ores, the same will appear by reference to
Drawings Nos. 1 and 2 of this Specification.
2
·
1
T
Now, for the accomplishment, of the aforesaid, objects: I have yet
further improved certain parts of the apparatus, machinery, and process
with materials described and exemplified in the Drawings of my aforesaid
Patents of the dates and numbers herein referred to, and particularly in
those of the Fourth of October, One thousand eight, hundred and sixty-
seven, No. 2792, and the Sixteenth of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine; No. 2440, and in manner herein-after described

page_text: $
improved some of the said apparatus, works, and machinery with other
materials of manipulation and processes; and I not only recombine these
further improvements with parts of my said former discoveries and In->
ventions, described and shewn in the Specification and Drawings of-my
said-last-mentioned-Patents, but-I-construct new works, machinery, 5
-methods-of-use-with-varied materials and processes. To these ends-14
further improve, firstly, my-said-Invention of rotating puddling iron and
steel refining furnace, and with further improved methods of use in
manner now described, reference being had, firstly, to the Drawings
Nos 1 and 2 of this Specification, and the figures and letters thereof.
201
"
25
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1.
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1
A, Drawing No. 1, Figures 1, 2, 3, is the body of the rotary puddler.
Aa and A³ are necks of the body to join on to D and chimney shaft C.
The puddler, rotates between the two of the three rollers in roller, paths
formed by the flanges of the necks-and-shoulders cast; for this purpose;
the rollers-S are: mounted on pins held firmly in the wrought-iron
rings J, J; these rings are firmly bolted to side pieces J, J', also, of
wrought iron, on which are forged the heavy trunnions E, E, Figures 1
and 3, on which the whole apparatus. oscillates, the rings J, J, are
pinned, or stayed or strengthened by the stay K of T iron, and the top,
one n, which also carries the boss for the worm b, which gears or works 2
on to a strong wheel cast on to the body of the puddler, thereby causing
it, the puddler, to rotate on the roller J, J; the whole is carried on
heavy cast-iron standard D, properly braced and mounted on tramway
axles with wheels of small diameter. The trunnions, E. are prolonged on
either side beyond their bearing, and carry on one side a strong toothed 2
quadrant S, with stops actuated by a winch or cross handle and pinion T
for the purpose of tilting the puddler, and so discharging the balls of the
charge on the other side, is first fitted. to run loose; a toothed or spur
wheel T fixed in a smaller diameter is keyed fast, the wrought-iron
arm W carrying at top the end bearing of worm shaft v, on which is 3
keyed the spur wheel driven by the intermediate wheel t, and at the
bottom pinions and spur wheel p, both keyed fast on the same spindle,
and running freely on the lower boss of the said end on the final-pro-
longation of the trunnion is fitted to run loose the pulley 'm. and
pinion n, the said pinion gearing into wheel p, and also giving motion 3
to the rotary puddler at whatever angle the puddler may be placed, or**
while it is being tilted. The ends of the necks of the puddler are
provided with revolving water-tight fittings 9, f, in connection with the
internal tube coils and to which are attached at one end-by-the
*
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page_text: union n feed the flexible hose pipe I, and at the other the metal spout g to
discharge the heated water or other fluid or gas into the trough w, or
if
gas into fire-box or furnace or as may be required when fluid, fuel,
vapour, or solid fuel, coke or coal may be applied: The furnace. is
provided in like manner with circulating fluid or vapour tubular coils,"
and fed and relieved in like manner by the flexible hose e and discharge
pipe d, as is also the neck of the chimney, as is shewn in the Drawing
by the pipes a, b. The furnace is closed and fed by the waste gases of
the tunnel of the blast furnace or cupola, or my aforesaid combined
circular reverberatory, the gases or vapours being first purified in manner
herein described, and is delivered into the furnace by the pipe Q and the
tuyers connecting them with either a gas holder or a main under-
ground pipe leading from the purifiers herein-after described, and thence'
by a connecting pipe leading to the furnace, and coupled with my
automatic equivalent instrument for regulating equivalents of com-
bustion to furnace by the pipe and the tuyers r, r. The furnace if
connected with the rotary puddler is mounted on tram wheels, and it is
connected with the puddler to the chimney by means of the sliding
sleeves H, H, which can by means of their handles be slipped backwards'
or forwards or break joint as required.
"
I'
Figure 1 being the longitudinal section of furnace and rotary puddler
and chimney stack; Figure 2, a transverse section of the puddler.
shewing corrugations, pipes, and gearing for driving and tilting;,
Figure 3, outside elevation of puddler coupled at top of Fig. 1. y is a
driving shaft carrying a rigger or drum x, round which is rigged,the,
driving strap, 2,. which actuates the main rigger or pulley m on the
trunnion bearings.
7 A
Now referring to the component parts and the combinations thereof
forming the said rotary puddling and refining machine, Drawing No. 1,
and the figures and letters thereon, I now further improve and combine
the said machine with a circular turntable of large diameter, and I
combine the said rotary machine and turntable with the crucible of a
blast furnace or cupola or my said circular reverbatory and puddling
machine, Drawing No. 5 of my said Patent, of Sixteenth of August,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 2440, or with my said
triple cupola system, Drawing No. 4.of that Patent, and I further 'com.'
bine my thus suspended rotary puddler with intervening purifying and
refining metal purifiers in direct connection with the said crucibles and

page_text: <
carried on wheels running on the outside rail as shewn in Drawing, and
rotated in the ordinary way by a pinion Z', gearing into a circular rack
combined with the turntable, the whole driven by crab Z; x, x, x, x, are
four circular holes in the turntable-protected by the fenders Z, Z, Z,"Z,
through which the balls are discharged from the puddlers when tilted
as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 2: *1, 1, are bearing rollers under
base of chimney shaft, and 8 is an iron ladder or double rail hinged to
the turntable, and also suspended therefrom by the rope or chains down
which the balls are delivered to: the squeezers A¹. 2 A is a double
steam hammer combined with said squeezer on the frame 1, 1, on which
are cast heavy ears to take up pin 22, 22, forming the fulcri of the
squeezers arms or curved forked levers; 21, 21, are the armis or levers of
the squeezers vibrating on the pins. 23,. and actuated by the elbow joint
action 3, and the connecting rod 4; which is driven by the crank 4¹ and a
bevel wheel and plate 5, fixed on a vertical shaft 5', working in
bearing 5, forming part of the heavy frame 1 which is firmly bolted
to the hammer frame and bedded on masonry; the whole is driven by
the bevel pinion 6, the shaft 6%, and the spur wheel 7, which may
receive motion direct from an engine or otherwise. The ball or bloom
when sufficiently squeezed is dropped on to the counter. weight ladder. 9,
vibrating on centre, the ladder being grasped by the projecting stay
and handles 9, and slides down to come in contact with the moving.
rounds of a Jacob's ladder 10, 10, from whence it is delivered on to
another iron endless apron leading either to reheating furnace, or to
mill rollers as described direct to the rolls. 11, Figure is a metal
purifier suspended by trunnions with a straight neck; it is mounted on
trunnions 12, and is carried by the trunnions from 13, and is attached
to the head of an hydraulic ram for the purpose of raising or lowering
as the case may be, whether filling from cupola or, blast furnace, or
emptying into the puddler; it is also so formed. as to be capable of being
tilted towards the crucible to receive the charge or towards the puddler
to discharge by means of the toothed quadrant 14 keyed fast on to one
of the trunnions and a cross handle lever and pinion 15. 16 is an iron
cap fitting over the neck of the puddler provided with a. nozzle and
union joint on a pipe: 17, which conveys gas or gases pure or mixed
with the proper equivalent to ensure intense combustion in the body
of the puddler:
,
The gas main or pipe from the purifier is laid all around on or under

page_text: connecting in succession each rotary puddler for supplying the equivalents.
of combustion.
Much of the impurities of puddled bar are caused by the impurities of
the blast furnace gases, and should be removed before puddling. The
gas from the second purifier-is-led-through-the-red-hot heating tubes
nearly-filled-with-oxide of iron-scraps-or-granulates;-so_as_to_abstract
from it sulphuretted hydrogen-and-the-bisulphuret-of-carbon. The blast
gases collected in the throat of the blast furnace were, as by my Patent
of One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, by closing the throat
of the shaft with the lid, and then leading the gases by a descending gas
pipe, as therein shewn, may. now. be firstly passed through a condenser,
and then a common gas purifier, and thence through my said dry lime
purifier, and thence through a tubular heating box, the iron tubes -six
inches diameter, six feet in length, filled with broken bits of granulate
of oxide of iron, the iron tubes in the fire-box heated by said waste gases
to a bright red heat, when the gases being passed through will be purified
by the absorption thereby of the produced sulphuretted hydrogen and.
bisulpuret of carbon. The outlet valve of gas receiving pipe' surrounding
the base of a blast shaft or cupula being then opened, the gas will by a
detachable gas pipe connected with the said fire-box, Drawing No. 1, of
the rotary puddling furnace, or with the-like rotating puddling apparatus:
combined with the said turntable, Drawing No. 2, pass through thet
detachable flexible g
gas branch into said fire-box, or when to the com-i
bustion, chamber, a flexible pipe is connected with my said automatic
equivalent instrument of my Patents of One thousand eight hundred and:
sixty-seven-and-One thousand eight, hundred-and sixty-nine, for supplying
equivalents of combustion, thence directly with the puddling chamber'
of my said rotating puddling and refining machine, without an outside:
fire-box or furnace, but directly' into the puddling chamber, for which
purpose the rotating puddler should be of larger diameter the better to a
refine iron by more. intense reflected heat of combustion. I combine
with and thus further improve the methods of my further improved
rotating puddler of my Patent of One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-seven, wherein I combined with and tapped the molten metal of
the crucible of the blast furnace for the better manipulation and elimina: 3
tion of much of the deleterious impurities of iron from sulphur,
phosphorous, silica, and at the same time saved the half of the cost of
the fuel in effecting the manipulation of iron products by rendering,
unnecessary the running of molten metal, first from said crucible into
+
2
**

page_text: pig moulds, and then reheating and remelting the pig in a cupola,'
reverberator, or refining furnace.
And now by. my further.. herein--improved rotary puddler as herein
described and shewn by the figures and letters in Drawings Nos. 1 and
No. 2, as in the latter combined with the circular rotating turntable, I.
so as shewn further save in the manufacture of iron, steel, and other
materials, all the before used fuels hitherto consumed in the manufacture
of iron, steel, and other materials from the crucible of the blast or cupola
furnaces.
2
7.
7
In the utilization thus of the waste gases of the blast furnace better
preparation of them is indispensable then as formerly commonly used
for heating only steam boilers of the plant of ironworks, since the
accumulated impurities from iron ores or coke fuel in the gases collected
in the throat of the blast furnaces, such as sulphurets of hydrogen,
carbonic acid, carbonic oxide, et cetera, the said blast furnace gases are
so purified by my said connected common or my improved processes of
second dry lime or fluorspar, and my heated tubular iron purifier, as to
preserve the 'molten metal manipulated in my said improved rotating
puddler, or its fire-box, or converting chamber, by reflected incandescent
heat from contaminating the refined puddled bar.
The said puddling machine may be formed with duplex, straight,
parallel, corrugated sides forming a double cylinder as in Figure 4 No. 1
Drawing, and the ends with truncated-like corrugated cones attached.
to the parallel corrugations and joined in metal rings at their ends, as
decribed in my Patent of One thousand eight hundred and sixty-.
seven: . These on outside parallel cylinders and outside corrugated
cones,, the outside of the cone faces are reversed, as shewn in cross:
section in Figure 4, Drawing. No...1, and, are connected by 'rivitting
or otherwise, and forming tubular annular spaces, through which: cold:
water, steam, or air may be forced to keep down their temperature-
from the radiating heat of the rotary puddling furnace; or to cheat:
gases or air for equivalents of combustion. in the: fire-box furnace of
the machine, or in the puddling chamber of the machine, without a
connected fire-box, and thus preserve the initial lining of the puddler;
the lining materials I compose of a combination of decarbonized lime,
pulverized and reduced pottery or crucible-plumbago, powdered tale.and
asbestos mixed into a thick pastey.condition,, and lay.this composition on

page_text: .
to the inside corrugations to a thickness of about three inches, and whilst
in pasty state I cover the surface with a composition of combined or
mixed oxide of zirconium or pure native zirconia, and carburet or
metallic iridium, or native alloy in equal portions, combined with burnt
pottery clay in larger proportions, and I apply the composition in a
thick plastic state on to and over the surface of the initial lining, rolling
it and pressing it on with pressing rollers-having-projecting points, and
turned by the rotation of the machine. This outer surface of the material
becomes imbedded in the upper surface of the initial lining, and when
dried by high heat becomes an incombustible glaze, on which--the-
fettling of the puddling rotary apparatus may be laid.
14
L
And in order to supply fettling to the chamber of the machine in
suitable quantities by intermitting feeding supplies, so as to carry it
under the molten metal in the pool of the machine, and-as well over the
top surface for more effectually increasing the charge, I apply it in a
mixed, solid, and fluid condition, or in a dry pulverized state. To, these
ends I construct and fix into the outside of the rotary puddler a cylinder
about eight inches in diameter, and of the length of the parallel sides as
in cross, section Figure 4, No. 1, and attach it by fixed screws, bolts,
and nuts, by a lower flange. The ends of this cylinder are closed; at one.
end by a cap screwed on to it whilst the other end has an end stuffing
box; a metal rod passes through the stuffing box end, and is so fixed
therein as to allow the rod to turn in this cylindrical tube by any-
convenient motion connected with the axis of the rotary, machine.
Through this outer tube and through one side of the rotary I form
conical apertures; the larger bell-shaped ends passing through, the
corrugated side. and its initial and surface lining, and. I fit into these
apertures conical plugs formed of short tubes with enlarged lower ends,.
and form on and around the rods: a cone of the said combined zirconium.
and iridium in a plastic state, and when burnt. and glazed, with smooth. S
surface so as to fill the said conical apertures, so as to shut off molten
metal when passing under the pool of metal; the ends of the rods of the
so formed, conical plugs terminate within cylindrical tube, and are
attached to either a series of eccentric discs: or crank axles on the said
rod, or operated as shewn at Fig. 4, Drawing: No. 1, the materials being 3
forced in by the pressure of air from an attached air pump within the
tube, so as that during the rotation of the tube with the rotary machine,
and when over and at an angle, with the pool, the conical plugs must be
pushed out to open. The apertures are withdrawn to close them before.

page_text: getting under the metal with the view of discharging the material of the
outer tube on to the inner descending side of the puddler.
Drawing No. 3. A similar constructed, tubular cylinder may be
placed on the same side of the rotary machine or near to it with similar
motions of the parts.
Now into this first described apparatus any desired fettling may be
placed either. in a fluid or dry-powered state through apertures in its
side and by a hopper, or if fluid through a tube with a cap.
If mixed cinder be used for the fettling it may be so supplied througli
one of said tubes and apertures of the rotary, and if fettling dry cinder is
used, it may be in like manner fed to the rotary puddler by the said
second apparatus laying the fettling, under, and over the molten metal. .
*; ...
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4
The gearing. from the axis of the rotary machine may be so made as to
act as that the conical plugging aperture may be made to open so as to let
out fettling materials before the outside: apparatus is in a vertical,
position; and so as that if fluid and solid materials of fettling, it will fall on,
to the inner side of rotary machine, and whilst descending to the pool of
molten metal the said plugs will be closed, and the moisture of the mixed
fettling will have been driven off by the heat, and the fettling, will pass,
under the molten, metal, the; cone plugs, being closed to shut out the
molten metal, and if any dry mill cinder or granulates of oxide of iron,
chromium or, chrome ores be used so as to let it fall over or pass, under
the molten metal from said other like outside cylindrical tube.
.
.
...
When applying on to the surface of said initial lining with the
rotary puddler I apply for its better protection with said lining materials
in a pasty state equal quantities of the carburet of iridium, either metallic
iridium or native alloy with pure zirconia, and roll the surface with
temporary rollers having projecting points or roughened surface, so as to
make indentations into the initial lining, and thus to force the iridium
and zirconia into the initial lining, the better to adhere when the
moisture is driven .off and this material is by heat driven "in and
burnt to a glaze; the rollers are withdrawn before a charge is put in.
On to this surface lining the tap or mill cinder fettling is placed
whilst the said process is in operation by the injections before or during
manipulations with the molten metál in the rotary puddles, or from
the said feeding tube cylinder fixed on to the outside thereof for supply-
ing fettling materials as described.
1
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page_text: .i
محمد
Then using my said metal purifying apparatus with the powdered
nitrate of soda combining for better economy of it with the fluor spar, or
in the use of the above materials with said other or mixing apparatus if
these manipulations be used with the said stationary opened or closed-
adjacent crucible, or-such as shewn in Drawings No. 2 in connection.
with a smelting-shaft, some being in a higher-and-others in a lower level
"below its "crucible. The upper stationary ones may be made either to
tilt or tap metal, as at Figure 3, No.-2, from the upper to the lower ones
for-the-objects of the aforesaid double processes, with said different
materials, or the lower ones may be made portable and removed to
mould sheds for casting into desired forms or slabs for transportation, or
common uses.
.
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::
Having in-the-Specification of my Patent of the Sixteenth August:
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine in the described methods of
melting and mixing different kinds or qualities of iron ore when manipu-
lated either in my rotary puddler or said circular, reverberatory, molting,
and puddling furnace, Drawing No. 5 of that Patent, or in the
dis
charging cupola of my said triple cupola system, or when my said rotary
puddling, metal mixing, and refining furnace is united with such dis-
charging cupola, Drawing No. 4 of that Patent, and therein-after
manipulations with metals; and whilst yet in a pasty yet running state I-
passed the molten mixed metal directly into moulds, or whilst in the
hearths or pools of said apparatus combined with the reduced malleable
or crude pig iron or 'ore into qualities of steel. I now in further'
improvement thereof, either by the said; machinery or apparatus or by
the machinery and, apparatus herein described, mix or combine, metāls
by processes and by mixing whilst in a molten state crude.ores; such as
chrome iron ores reduced to a granulated state, or, the bituminous coal
or coke thereof, as in my said former Patents either for steel hardening+
or rendering tough-mixed metal, or rendering them into cast steel when
combined with my method of making cast-steel, tram bars, or rolled
railway bars, or other forms of metals. To this end, I reduce.chromǎté
iron ores or other iron ores to a fine granulated state, and apply them on
to or into molten metals by similar methods, herein described for fettling,
when applied to my aforesaid or herein-described rotating, puddling, and
refining furnace. And I apply through the domes of my said circular
reverberatory, Drawing No. 5, and Fig. 4, Drawing No. 4 of that Patent,-
a feeding hopper, the lower part of which is conical, and is fitted with a
conical plug.formed of metal protected by my said refractory material
'
15.

page_text: combined zirconium and irredium; .the conical plug is made to descend
to open appertures and discharge granulated ores, and to rise and close
appertures as herein-before described, but on a larger scale than when
applied to my herein-described rotary puddling machine. The chrome
iron ores are placed in said conical. hopper; and discharged at intervals
and in suitable quantities on to the melting metal in said circular rever-
boratory, melting, puddling, or steel-making furnace, or through the
dome of said discharging cupola of said tripple cupola; the said granu-
lated ore will thus be melted with the métal in the melting parts of said
circular or other, furnace, and passing into the depressed hearth pool or
its puddling pools, and being stirred by my improved rabble in said
Specification described, will be mixed and rendered into steel and run
into moulds whilst in a molten running state, or into my said rotary
convertor therein described, or into the cast-iron or steel railway or tram
bar troughs herein described.
3.
.
Having in the Specification of my said Patent of One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine-described a method of reducing the
waste of the wrought-iron mill rollers, and method of conveying
molten metal directly to iron rollers and sheet metal beds, I cooled.
by the circulation of cold water on and beneath the surface thereof,
parts, of which means and processes have been successfully carried
into practical effect with much success and advantage in the United
States of America. I now herein further improve my methods by
forming cast-steel tam burs direct from the herein-described crucible
without puddling, squeezing, or rolling by the herein-before described
methods. The metal of the said described crucibles so directly con-
nected with the said crucibles of the 'smelting shaft wherein the
herein-before described methods are manipulated with said materials
and impurities eliminated. Now I thence convey the said molten metal
into open malleable iron moulds to form grooved tram burs; these
moulds are formed on the outside with annular ways through which to
circulate cold water so as gradually to chill the metal in the moulds. The
moulds are laid side by side in a horizontal and perfectly level position;
the ends of the moulds are closed and fed, and waste pipes are connected
through their opposite ends. Now directly over these horizontal moulds
I erect a traversing crab crane, between the vertical frame of which is a
rising and falling beam suspended in slides, and acting in vertical
grooves of the supports of the traversing beam at. their ends, and are

page_text: -
end of these axles are connected union joints and stuffing boxes, which
permit the axles to revolve in their unions, and are connected with
cylindrical flexible tubes formed of spiral iron wire; over which india- 1
rubber tubes are drawn to form flexible water tubes. These flexible
tubes are also connected with elevated fixed water tanks or forcing
pumps to convey water into said hollow rollers through said stuffing
boxes, whilst other like flexible tubes are attached to the other ends of
the axle wheels; in like manner these latter are waste water tubes, and 1
may lead to a waste water trough. These tubes are of lengths to permit
the said traversing crabs to traverse the open grooved moulds along over
their whole length; the feed water flows into the hollow wheel, rollers,
ofione side of the axle and runs to waste on the other: The said pro-
jecting central beads or projecting central periphery are made by the 2
descent of the crab beam by degrees to dip into, and roll along over the
molten metal; whilst by slow degrees the crab beam is allowed to lower
by letting out water. from the said balancing tank in order that the central
periphery shall slowly move along over and press on the molten métal}
in the moulds and chill the upper surface of metal, whilst the circu= 2
lation of water through the annular waterways of the moulds chill the
sides of the bar; thus the cold water passing through the wheel rollers
takes off the heat from the wheels, cooling them and preventing
adhesion of the molten metal, and cooling the metal of the grooved
bar on the upper surface, whilst the running water through the trough: 3
ways take off heat from the outside faces of the bar; thus the molten
malleable iron or cast steel will be both crystallized, and in a degree
foliated; giving strength to cast tram bars or other shaped metals.
1
The processes for formation and combination of waste of iron works
and materials; iron for recombination for traversing public works such as 3
tramways, railways, crossings, platforms, floor or floors for traversing
trucks walls and buildings, are several and variable; but in all the
granulation of materials in the several combinations for varied uses is

page_text: i
.
4.2
;
this
i
1
necessary; such as waste slag and cinder of iron products; and these
mixed with slag and fluorine and titannic acid gases of iron manufactures
from said crucibles, together with the refuse of the said purifiers,
combined, vitrified, bituminised, puddling, or other furnace cinder, or the
slag silicate of pig moulds should all be reduced separately, and after-
wards mixed in desired proportions. Now the said material so produced
from the waste products of iron and steel manufactures, and mixed with
said other materials, therein mentioned, may be transferred to another
separate or adjacent plant of works for further manufacture of the said
waste material suitable for recombination in structural works with the
iron and steel from whence they emanated, such as herein described
and now. shewn in the Drawing No. 3, and the figures and letters
marked thereon, and thus I economize the cost of the production
of iron rail or tram bars, lessening as well the cost of labour,
these collected from the plant of works for that object wherein A,
Figure 1, Drawing No. 3, is a vertical longitudinal sectional eleva-
tion of a rotating cylinder, say, six feet six inches diameter, eighteen feet
in length, formed in four sections, and having flanges at each end of
section three inches on outside and three on inside; these are connected
and held by bolts and screw nuts on both out and insides for strengthening
the cylinder. The thickness of the cast-iron cylinders may be one 'inch
and a half for sustaining on the outside an atmospheric pressure equal
to a vacuum of twenty-five inches of mercury within. This cylinder is
supported on rollers with double, flanges b, b, b, b; and held in standards
a, a, a, a, fixed on each lower side of the cylinder, and on which the
cylinder rotates. The cylinder has a hollów central tubular shaftic, c, eye;
the ends of which project from the curved end pieces and are held in
plummer blocks d, d, on top of the standards e, e, e; this hollow shaft
is pierced with numerous oblong slots two inches wide by six inches
long, through which powdered materials may fall. The ends of the
cylinder are fitted with curved ends held by their flanges, and attached
by screw bolts, and nuts, and made, close joints by luting. On the
inner side of the cylinder there is a fixed tube f, f, f, twelve inches
diameter, with lower flange to bolt it on to the outside of cylinder; on
one, the back end of the lid of the cylinder, there is a hinged lid, the
joint of which is luted on; the opposite end there is a fixed stuffing
box.g, 9, through which, a square rod turns in the tube, and on and.
around this rod is formed a sheet metal screw worm h, h, h; and is
constructed so as to force granulated material in one direction. The i
"
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page_text: projecting end of the central shaft e, e, e, is connected by a flange on
end piece i, and having an aperture, end tube, and a shut-off slide-
valve-k, k, and connecting piece ; m is a driving pulley.or fixed bevelled
tangent wheel on the end of the rod of the worm h, h, connected with,
1.
--C; Figure:3, is a horizontal circular trough a, s, twelve feet diameter,
two feet six
six inches wide at top, and twelve feet deep; this trough
revolves on a circular edged rail bar 2 by fixed rollers; and is suspended
on the rail by fixed rollers turning in wheel boxes fitted on the inner side
of the trough, as shewn at 2. On the rail, may be a grooved' circular
rail attached to the bottom of the trough, and the rollers may be fixed
on transums 3 under the trough.
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i
Figures, 1, 2, 3, 4, shew the former arrangement;. a coggedi rack 2
surrounds the trough into which a bevel wheel acts, for propelling the..
circular trough. A cast-iron frame t; t, t, is bolted to a top flange of the
trough, slots for guide block are formed on each side, of the frame T,
into which a fixed axle of the spherical: cast-iron hollow balls x, x; with
corrugations in line of their motion u, u, the end of whose axles rest in 2
said guide blocks.
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71. T
V, V, is a steam hammer attached to the piston rod, on which is
a,crushing, tool y for reducing materials; under and around the flanges
of this trough, there is a bevelled rack wheel and tangent, propelling
wheel to be actuated by a strap-and pulley, or any convenient force laid 3
in a trough below. ground surface, and put in motion by the steam.
engine F...
.
4.
Figure 5, D, Figure 4, is the tubular boiler and furnace of plant
of works for better economy and facility I prefer the boiler and furnace
described in my Specification of Patent Fourth of October, One 3
thousand-eight hundred and sixty-seven, No: 2792, with its therein

page_text: described methods of combustion. F, Figure 5, is a commonly
constructed steam engine, so situated as to be convenient to effect
the motions of all-the-machinery of the plant of works! At G" is a"
hot-air blast furnace stove, shewn at Drawing No. 3, connected with
the rotary puddler machine, and fed by the said waste gases of the
smelting blast furnace, when convenient, and adjacent to rotating
cylinder A, Figure 1, which gases. may also in some application of
material be conveyed by underground pipes to the said rotary mixing
cylinder A, Figure 1,'Drawing No. 3.
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7
These combinations and processes are also applicable to other uses for
combining materials, in drying, infusing, and manipulating materials of
agricultural products. To these ends any such materials when crushed
are placed in said cylinder No. 3 The heat of a common hot-air stove
and boiler having been prepared for action and its connected pipe and
valve adjusted, the steam engine of the plant' causes the mixing cylinder
to revolve at the same time the hot air of the stove is injected through
the connecting pipe and valve, and into the revolving cylinder through".
its central hollow pierced axis, and out of a temporary funnel placed on
the opposite end of this axis: The cylinder revolving lifts the granulated
material, which falls again from the lifting cups or corrugations or
narrow shelves in streams of drying materials, the hot air thus penetrating
the mass and drying it. The steam generator and furnace having been
in order for action and the steam at a pressure of, say, one hundred
and twenty pounds, the vacuum cylinders with their inlet and outlet
valve adjusted and the connecting pipes and valves adjusted to the
mixing cylinder, then when the mixing cylinder has been in operationa
sufficient time for drying, the materials, then using my said apparatus
with the powdered nitrate of soda, combining for better-economy, of- it
with the fluor spar, or in the use. of, the above materials with, said-other
or mixing apparatus, if, these materials be used with the said stationary
open or closed adjacent crucible, or such as shewn in Drawing No. 2, in.
connection with a smelting shaft, adjacent crucible connections sur
rounding a smelting or melting shaft, some being on a higher and others
on'a lower level; yet below its crucible'; the upper stationary may be
made either to tilt or tap metal as at Figure 3, No. 2, from the upper to
the lower ones för the object of the aforesaid double processes' with said
different materials; or the lower ones 'may be made portable, and removed
to mould sheds for casting into desired forms or slabs for transportation.
or common uses.+
J.
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page_text: .
Dituminous
so as during a given regulated time a given.quantity of p
vapour shall be evolved and expanded into the mixing-cylinder from
the heating receptacle of the retort furnace to the desired extent, say
ten to fifteen per. cent. of bitumen or as desired.
-
'
A
The hot-air valve and its connecting pipe J must be shut off the vent
funnel on the one end of the hollow axis of the mixing cylinder, closed 1
by its lid, and luted, the lid held by cross bar and screw after:, the
manner of a gas retort. In order now to effect a partial vacuum or high
rarifaction in the mixing cylinder high-pressure steam-is-let into the said
vacuum-cylinders o, o, through its connecting pipes p, p, with the steam
generator E, Figure 4, the vent valve 9 at the inlet ends of the vacuum¸1
cylinders being gradually opened and the regulating valves in the connect-
ing,pipes r,, being connected, the steam, generator being gradually,
opened, high-pressure steam will with much. velocity enter at one end of the
vacuum cylinder and drive out the atmospheric air until these cylinders.
are filled under pressure with high steam; the air vents and steam 2
valves, should then be slowly closed and sprays, of cold water forcibly
injected by the steam engine into the cylinders, which will speedily
condense the steam in them, when a vacuum or high degree of
rarifaction will obtain in them and remain, so, and, as indicated by the..
mercurial guage
1guage united therewith.
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172
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The cut-off valve q on the connecting pipe nl, uniting the mixing
cylinder with the vacuum cylinder is by degrees slowly opened as is also
K, K, the atmosphere in the hermetically closed mixing cylinders will"
be drawn out through, and small p, p, intoo, o, highly rarifying
the air in the mixing cylinder, effecting any degree of vacuum desirable, 3
and abstracting any remaining moisture, air vapour, or gas, in the
cellular particles of the mixed materials:
:
T
The retort apparatus being now in action the vapour valve, the con………
nection vapour pipe connecting the mixing cylinder through J..with the
said vapour receptacle at the retort furnace be gradually opened, and the 3
equivalent instrument letting into the retorts the fluid mineral bitumen,
it will flash into vapour, which will be further expanded in the heating.
receptacle, and will be flashed into the rarified medium of the

page_text: -
mixing cylindër, penetrate the granulated matter, calcined iron furnace
slag, silicate, or other material, at the same time the titannic granulates,
mixed with the fluoride of lime or fluor spar being let into one of the
said iron purifying receptacles, will in one case evolve fluorine gas and
nitric acid gas; and in another fluorine and titannic acid gas, which will
also pass into the mixing cylinder through the pipey, connected with
the trunnion hollow shaft during the impregnating and vitrifying process,
and with the bituminous vapour or before its application with all its.
reduced slag and sesquioxide of iron penetrate the asphalte material and
to a degree vitrify it.
..T
Other similar material suitable for combining to form' asphalte-like
substance may be treated and manipulated in the same way by the same
apparatus and works as the waste materials from the herein-described.
blast furnace gas purifier, thus bituminous shale after being worked for
obtaining oil may be reimpregnated with mineral or vegetable bitumen,
and in this manner asphalte material may be manufactured and shipped
and transported abroad for preparing, or combining, for road forming;
ready for heating and laying on as described. Whilst the cylinder -
Figure 1, No. 3 is rotating, shifting the materials, the bituminous vapour
then whilst mixing there remaining no repellant matter to prevent com-
plete penetration, absorption; affinitive union of the bitumen with the
asphalt materials, the bituminous vapour after filling the rarified interior
of the mixing cylinder is forced by the expansive heat of the gaseous
vapour, until its gaseous condition is changed into gaseous compression
equal to a compression of about one atmosphere, or say equal to
twenty-five inches of mercury, and which pressure being continued
for a short time until the temperature of the material is lowered,
the vapour and all other valves closed, the air is then let into the
cylinder which comprises and retains the bitumen, cooling and con-
densing it with atmospheric temperature and pressure. The cap of
the discharging pipe on the lower side of the cylinder in which the
worm acts is when the material is cooled set in motion by said
band on pulley or actuated by the said rack and steam engine, when
the completed and combined asphalt material is ejected from the
end of worm pipe into barrels or sacks or on to an endless apron for
"conveyance to depots of the works.
777
The said processes are also capable of effecting improvement in the
foreign material, rock asphalt, adding bitumen in some kinds that are
}
:

page_text: >
deficient in quantity of it, whilst it will abstract and lessen the quantity in:
other kinds, which prevents consolidation and homogeneous mass, and
according elasticity with hardness, without disintegration of its under
surface when the asphalt is laid on a hard rough under floor and subject
to absorption-of-moisture from under or foundation earth in wet seasons 5
**
1
On the side of the, trough is a hinged lowering piece-of-it,-and.on the
inside of the trough at the opening so made is a fixed forked tool curved
at the prongs, which forces the material out and on to the endless apron
which conveys it to the hopper of the mixing cylinder temporarily 1
placed in the man-hole of the cylinder whilst filling in a charge. As the
worm ejects the materials the worm tube is continuously filled up by.
the material falling into the discharging-pipe through the slot apertures,
and when the contents of the rotating cylinder are discharged is at once-in
readiness to repeat the operations for like manipulations, these operations-1
may be repeated eight times a day in one of such sets of machinery of
plant, operating on five to seven tons of asphalt at each charge during
the working day.
1501
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The said processes are capable also of effecting improvement in the foreign.
material rock asphalt, adding bitumen in some kinds that are deficient in 2
quantity of it, whilst it will abstract and lessen the quantity in other kinds,
which prevents consolidation and homogeneous mass and according
elasticity with hardness, without disentegration of its under surface, when.
the asphalt is laid on a rough hard underfloor and subject to absorption
of moisture from under or foundation earth in wet seasons and drying, 2
temperature; and I, further, combine with these iron tram rails of a
more suitable form, and further combine such with my artificial asphalte
and my combined wood rail or tram sleepers as supporting sleepers
as.in Drawing No. 4, Fig. 1, 2, 3, and Fig. 4, No. 4, of slag blocks, and
further I so construct, combine, and apply in use any of them so made 3
wastes of iron works and vitrified asphalt with under floor ways so as
not to obstruct the common wheel traffic when these, are applied on old
turnpike roads whilst facilitating it and enhancing. the values of
properties adjacent thereto that, have become greatly depreciated by
the..
progress of the railway system. To these ends I construct a railway 3
or tramway now combining such asphalt of wastes with other materials
on, and along a common turnpike road in the following manner so
as to form a single or double line or tram or a common parrallel four-
►
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page_text: wheel track line with a side or middle Macadam road between. the
tracks if the road be wide: I apply iron or steel tram bars or rails
formed and combined in manner herein described as with grooved sleepers
and textile rods, the bar about twenty-five pounds to the yard; these bars
have a one and half or two inch groové and horizontal lips one inch and
one and half wide of the form shewn; and which fits into the groove of
the wood sleeper, the top overlapping the top of the wood sleepers,
the outer vertical sides indented for impact of asphalt; and further
supported by the textile rods as at Fig. 2, 3, Drawing No.. 4; and
Fig. 6, Drawing No. 5.
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In one application there is only one continuous rail or tram bar,
in some cases there may be two parallel as commonly used with four
bearing wheels; in the former there are two traction wheels which
run in the groove of the single tram bar for propelling power; whilst
the bearing tram car wheels run on asphalt-wheel paths, or in some
cases I apply propelling flanged wheels so formed as that whilst the
aforesaid projecting periphery runs within the grooved bar other traction.
wheels shall run as well for. propelling power on one the broad upper lip
of the same bar. The single traction" grooved tram is intended as well
for tram cars acting on decending gradients with traction enginesm
therein referred to, the bearing wheels, being formed with combination
of the flexible steel tires and india-rubber, and are thrown into adhesion
and propelling power acting with impelling traction wheels moving in a
line one before the other by connecting rods, whilst the said tramway..
bearing wheels so put on are thrown into and out of impelling action by
wide double-flanged pullies; their axles put into action by tension rods
and clutclies. Light road traction engines that condense and do not.
puff steam or combustion of hydrocarbon vapour are connected there-
with: The grooved tram bars are forced into the grooved sleeper by
pressure being sufficiently flexible and binding in the wood groove are
firmly held without cross ties, sleepers, chains, bolts, nuts, or, screws.by.
the outside form and "impact of materials thereon. These tram bars are
so laid in or on the wood groove as that: the upper lip surface of either
shall be even with the top surface of the asphalt, floor, which is
impacted evenly on to the lips, and to the curved, indentations as shewn in
Drawing 4, Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, and, Fig. 6, No. 5.
1
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page_text: but rolled with light hot rollers, which are made heavier by degrees as the
material cools and consolidates by letting in water through the axles to
increase the weight; and these rollers move on short length double parallel
wood sleepers one above the other, apart but held by hand screws so as to
-lower-by-degrees-the-rollers-as-consolidation proceeds whilst the roller
-frame-may-be-moved as a traversing_track_from_one_parallel to another
of the road or way. The so-made asphalt is caused to impact against both
sides of the continuous wood sleepers in some cases, or against said
indented.tram bars as shewn in Drawing, in order for its support and that
of the tram bar, and is laid even with its upper surface, the lips of the
tram bar are thus giving permanent support and also to the wood sleepers,
and holds the tram bar as shewn in Fig. 1, No. 4, on the continuous
sleeper: "..
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T
In cases where heavy transit must be provided for, it may be desirable
to construct the tramway after parrallel rails in, combination with
asphalt surface, in that case the impelling wheels of the traction engine
will act in both parrallel grooves attached to one axle, and, in order to
the adhesion on the rail a moveable iron, bar moved by a hand wheel
turning a rod by a fixed female screw-and-screwed thread on rod is con-
nected with a tram car under its floor and forced by a wheel fixed on the
traction engine to separate the ends of the car, and so bind tight the
bands on axle pulleys, and thus, obtain a part of the weight of the tram
car admissable by its springs, which will add to the weight of the traction
engine to increase the adhesion and bite of the traction wheels on the
rail and of the impelling and bearing wheels, whilst at the same time
the endless india-rubber bands, strengthened by wrought-iron pitch.
chains acting on the broad pulleys, throw into impelling action the car
wheels to assist traction on ascending gradients of tramways; the same
application of principle obtains for throwing the power of a common
locomotive on to railway cars for like object, and thus economize cost of
motive power.
.
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Having now described the waste materials resulting from the manufac-
ture of iron and steel, I combine say sixty per cent. of them with fifteen
per cent. of the. bituminous shale, such as procured from coal mines or.
bituminous rocks, and I further combine, as may be convenient or
economical, any of the lower qualities of asphalte rocks or in lieu thereof,
I combine say fifteen per cent. of decarbonized lime, or, blue lias, or Bath
stone rock, or any suitable cement, and having prepared, mixed, and
J.

page_text: manipulated in manner herein described in said mixing cylinder, I
generate the vapour of mineral bitumen, not as a permanent gas, but as
a condensible vapour only, by said retorts of plant of works, and I infuse
the said combined materials with bituminous vapour, in quantity equal
to fifteen per cent. more or less, according to the nature of the combined
5 materials, by the processes. herein-before described, and therewith
combine and sustain the upper floor for rail, tram, or roads, in manner
herein after described and shewn in Drawing therefor and the figurës
and letters thereof. But when a double tramway on this method is to
sustain heavy and much common wheel traffic, either shale under floor
must be laid on thicker unless bitumenised or my woven or textile under
floor aforesaid, whether of cubical wood, or slag cinder, or textile stone
blocks, on such paths or part of the common road as may be used for
heavy traffic.
For the foundation of rail, tram, or other roads, I use the common
broken granite, known as the Macadam, by lowering the upper surface,
but without disturbing the lower consolidated foundation as is commonly
done, but as shewn in Fig. 1, Drawing No. 4, wherein g, g, is the
broken granite floor covered with a super floor: of hot rolled bituminous
shale, on which is laid a top surface and upper asphalt floor R, R, R, in
one application, combined with a textile paving of wood, or slag, and
cinder blocks r, r, r, with the said asphalt paths R, R, R.
For the first top covering of this foundation Macadam road metal, I
use in some applications herein-after described, bituminous shale reduced
to a fourth size of the usual Macadam.
I may use the reduced bituminous shale after it has been used in
the abstraction of its bitumen for manufacturing oil, and may im-
pregnate with the cheaper Baltic pitch, or vegetable or Trinidad bitumen,
or I use shale when not bituminous only, as an under floor and top cover
to broken granite, and by my process infusing into it vegetable bitumen,
such as said common pitch, or Baltic, or like material.
1.
For the top surface of ways I use my vitrified artificial asphalt, and so
combine it with material as to become the more substantial supporter
of rail and tram bars, and so better sustaining them without cross ties,
screws, bolts; or, other fastenings, as herein-after described, and to. this
end.I use in any of the applications herein described as a top or surface

page_text: I also combine as a foundation for any such railway, tramway, streets,
paths, or other surface as an under floor to any kind of asphalt, when
used as a top floor to the broken granite or shale, my system of the
textile cubical wood, or stone, or slag, and cinder blocks as an under
flooring, as contained in a former Patent of mine, No. 8663, recorded
Fifth April, One thousand eight hundred and forty-one, but then as a top
or-surface floor only.
57
1
$11.
f
1143
For my artificial vitrified asphalt I combine the waste slag and cinder
of iron works, and for vitrifying material for it in combination with the
said waste slag and cinder of iron works, I impregnate these with the
gases of fluoride of calcium or fluor spas, as combined in my said Patent of
Sixteenth August, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, and as
in this Specification described, and which. I caused to be conveyed to the
said mixing cylinder, Drawing No. 3, to combine with materials,
therein, and to combine therewith before the bituminous vapour is let
therein. If shale reduced for a super floor to granite, it must be heated
in retorts before laid on and dropped from the retorts and quickly spread
evenly and rolled with heavy iron rollers heated by gas, first laying
over a thin layer of dry, sand and rolled to form a solid massive floor.
This is better suited as a top dressing on broken granite, and to be
covered with two or three inches thickness of my artificial asphalt, or any
such, when combined with the waste slag and cinder, and the other waste
materials herein described resulting from the manufacture of iron and
steel, the more especially when used for better-support when combined
with my improved rail or tramway systems, herein-after described, or as
a lower floor when said. materials are used in combination with rail or
tram roadways, as shewn at g,g, Figs. 2,3,4, Drawing No. 4; or Fig. 5, .
6, Drawing No. 5. In such cases part on the surface level supporting
the rail or tramway may be formed on an old-road, and thus well solidified
broken granite foundation q,q; by combining with the rail or tram
textile cubical stone surface or wood, as at g, g, Figures 4, 5, 6, Drawing
No. 5, and Figures 2, 3; No. 4, two feet six inches wide, with margins of
cighteen inches wide of asphalt, on which india-rubber wheels of tram
L
'n

page_text: cars may
-run whilst the impelling tram wheels run-in and on an improved
and sustained grooved rail sleeper, as in Figures 1, 2, 3, Drawing No. 4,
and Figures 4, 5, 6, Drawing No. 5, as herein described.
7
any
of the aforesaid materials of
.2
:
In some cases for manipulations with
any of my said former referred to Patents, as those of One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five, No. 2096 and No. 5926, or One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine, No. 2440; or wherein my Invention, of the
further improved puddling and converting circular rotary apparatus, or
when combining with it and operating with it directly with the crucible of
the melting blast furnace. I combine said granulates of titanium and the
aforesaid fluoride of calcium, (i.e.) fluor spar pulverised alone or with
titannic granulates or other like granulates, in some cases as herein-after
described; in connection with the said fluor spar and titannium a
varied application, and when in the hearth pool of a cupola or my
rotating puddling refining apparatus. I first sift on to the lower surface
of either of the receptacles therein or herein as described, the said
combined titannic granulates and finely powdered fluor spar evenly to
the depth of half an inch more or less, according to the quantity of
molten metal to be acted, and after injecting on to this in cloudy spray
steam or water for impact of surface.
is
"
..
When the said calcined fluor spar alone, is usual, I caused streams, of
the molten metal to pour on to the surface of those, and in either of the
described apparatus when by the contact of the fluid metal combustion
of these reacting agents will take place in. the whole body of the
boiling metal and materials in the pool as in the said Patent of Sixteenth
of August One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine; also: as in this
Specification described.
The silica, sulphur, and phosphorus will be largely eliminated and
expelled in the form of fluorine and titannic acid gas in the aforesaid
conditions, then passing through a connecting pipe from the crucible to
the mixing cylinder, in Drawing No. 3, to infuse and vitrify the said
waste materials of iron works, and the iron thus purified may be run
into the described rotating puddling and refining furnace and crucible
slag and cinder of metals collected, conveyed, and, granulated; then
manipulated, by the means herein described, as shewn in Drawing
No. 3 of this Specification.
•
But when any of the inferior ores, pig, or other metal herein-before
referred to may for this purpose be melted and manipulated, I vary the

page_text: .
Th
ㄓ
4;
"
⚫process by another method, by applying the said combined titannic,
granulates and fluorides, described in my Patent of One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine, with, firstly; fluor spar as described, but in
less quantity and thickness in hearth pool or said second crucible, and I
sift-over-and-on-to-tliis-a-combination-or-surface of the said powdered-5
nitrate of soda, one-third of the quantity of fluor sparin. thickness
desirable, according to the quantity or quality of the fluid poured over
the top surface of these reacting agents, combustion will first act upon
and consume the nitrate of soda, manipulate it by reaction described in
said former Patent of Sixteenth of August, One thousand eight hundred 1
and sixty-nine, and expel in the form of gases fluorine and nitrous acid
and-to-a-large-extent-eliminate-selicon, phosphorus, and-sulphur, then
the boiling metal reaching on to the upper surface of said fluor, spar
and titanic iron combustion with it will ensue, reacting manipulation
will take place in the body of the metal, and thus complete the process 1
with the iron, the nitric acid gas combining with the fluorine and said
impurities of iron and ejected from the said, tilting crucible by a pipe
temporarily attached to. it into the mixing cylinder, Drawing No. 3,
whilst the resulting slag of manipulation will be collected with waste
cinder of works and granulated when cold and be conveyed to said 2
converting rotating cylinder, Drawing No. 3, to be combined with the
manufactured iron in the construction of rail or tram bars:
*
1
T
* t
_
-1
1
M+1
Now the same or similar methods may be applied with the same
vitrifying materials, and may in some cases be combined with the red
sbe
hemelite ore in said action with said fluorine gas and rotating apparatus 2
and blast furnace crucible, as formerly described; one situate on the higher;
levél for the first manipulation with nitrate of soda, or the metal tapped
directly from the crucible of the smelting shaft and afterwards-poured
into the second receptacle charged with the combined titannic powdered...
granulate and șaid fluor spar for completion, whilst the fluorine, and 30
nitric gas may be led to said mixing cylinder and the fluid metal be run..
into moulds for common uses.
F
On combustion of the said fluor spar and granulates of titannium reduced
to fine powder and sifted over the lower surface of said receptacle, pool,
or hearth of cupola, or said fixed tilting apparatus described forming an 35
even bed, the fluid metal is poured thereon and as therein described com-
bustion and reaction, ensues, the gaseous vapour will firstly diffuse into
the body of the boiling, metal, react on and combine with silicates,

page_text: phosphates, and sulphur, the fluor spar or calciné fluoride, and eject them
in the form of fluorine and nitric acid vapours and slag, useful for
vitrefying asphalt of slag and cinder or other combined materials.
Drawing No. 7, Figures 9, 10, 11, are a combination of the aforesaid
materials suitable for railway crossings at stations, platforms, or perma-
nent station floors, on which to place traversing trucks or locomotive
turntables, and suitable for street traffic ways whereas x, x, x, is a surface
of hot rolled mineral or vegetable bitumenous shale against longitudinal
wood abutments over which is the said textile floor y, y, y, having
round bored depressions, as shewn at 3, 3, 3, No. 8, on upper surface
level of vitrefied asphalt one and a half to two and a half inches thick
and fitting into the block depression, thus supporting and consolidating
the surface top floor of asphalt.
-
Fig. 10, Drawing No. 7, is a more economical combination for forming
country roads with said asphalt top floor made of said waste materials-of
iron work. This road is formed by firstly an under foundation of rough
rubble stones 2, 2, 2, on only rolled. earth foundations their broad bases
laid in contact below whilst a surface of broken granite fills up the
interstices of the narrow space, above and being rolled level a-surface
floor of the said asphalt z, z, z, one inch and a half to two and a half
thick is laid on, either on wheel paths on opposite sides of the road, or
in middle, and the intervals between the asphalt way made level there-
with by the broken granite or cubical: stone blocks on the asphalt surface
floor or wheel paths may have an under floor of the aforesaid slag, and
cinder blocks, Fig. 11, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, indented in forming, as seen in
Fig. 1, Drawing No. 4.
Drawing No. 8 is a plan of the aforesaid cubical, textile wood, stone,
or blast furnace cupola, or other furnace slag and cinder formation, as
in Fig. 4, Drawing No. 4, having half surface indentations in the sides,
or in some uses also ends of blocks about 8 inches in diameter,
according to size or required strength of support, if slag block the
indentations are two inches with an eliptical indentation, as at No. 4,
Fig. 4. These blocks, Figs. 2 and 3, No. 4, are formed by wheel cutters
actuated by steam power, these blocks 1, 1, are woven, web, and woof,
by horizontal hard wood round rods 2, 2, 2, Fig. 2, 3, No. 8. Fig: 2, 3,
No. 4, from an inch to more diameter according to required size and
oth for 'sunnort to permanent way of an under floor combined with·

page_text: a top floor of said vitrefied asphalt as a surface.level-road for combination
wheel traffic, or rail, or tram bar foundation combined with the herein -
described under and upper floors of ways... The ends of the blocks of
wood have half inch_depths_of-circular-indentations-3;-3, -3, Drawing
No. 8, into which the asphalt-material-of-surface floor is placed, thus-5
impacting the asphalt on the blocks-and-forming with them a solid
mass of combined under and upper floor further sustained by the textile
rods asiat Figs. 2, 5, No. 4, and forming a combined level upper surface.
floor free from undulating depressions that usually hold pools of water;
when this under floor is laid a light street roller may be passed over to 1
given even set to the surface level.
f
In Drawing No. 8; Figs., 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 1, 1, are the combined cubical.
blocks; 2, 2, 2, are, the intersecting textile rods; 3, 3,13, Figs. 1, 2, 3;¸
then the blocks and rods as also seen in Figs. 2, 3, No. 4, wherein M, N,
are grooved rails, supported on the blocks P, supported by said textile 1
rods and impacted by said -vitrefied asphalt top floor 20, 20; having
outside indentation and: with dowel pin. Now, for railway crossings,
platforms,, for turntables; the whole surface of this textile formation
should be covered with the said vitrefied asphalt:super surface covering,
from one and a half to three inches thickness;,, laid on if in a hot 2
granulated state with light rollers; first heated by gas burners andi.
afterwards increasing by degrees. the,, weight of the rollers by letting
water in, having turned off the gas through. a flexible tube connected.
to the union joint and cock with and through the axis of the rollers..
which should be moved back and forward, the waste water pressing, in, 2
like manner through the opposite axis of the roller!.
x
1
It will be seen by the combination in Drawings Nos. 4, 5, 6, that the
rail or tram bars being supported in grooved beds, of continuous.sleepers
or textile cubical blocks,, which when further combined with textile
rods C, C, as at M, Fig. 2, or. when laid on the top surface of the blocks, 3
supporting another form of tram bar, Fig. 3, having outside indentations,
into which is impacted by the said asphalt, and these, further supported
by the textile rods I, I, which should be made, of larger diameter than
the others, say two inches. These combined give a support of great:
stability to the tram bars for maintaining more perfect surface levels 35
independently of said foundations, the more especially when for greater.
economy in construction the single barred trams, with narrow asphalt
paths, as K, K, K, Fig. 1, No. 4, are combined for supporting, the said

page_text: .
tram bars for propelling and guiding power of the central: wheels.C) C,
Fig. 1, Drawing 4, or as shewn in a large scale in Fig. 6, Drawing No. 5,
wherein the same combination for supporting tram, bar is shewn, where
by this application greater; facility is afforded on narrow roads or
ways, where when preferred double track tram bars, combined with
the said other combination in Fig. 4, 5, 6; No. 5; when used as a
pitching for tram bar, may be applied and used instead of with the
narrow asphalt paths, the more especially on ascending gradients of
ways whereon a single central 'propelling-bar may be laid when traction
engines are, used, and wherein I lay a tram into the groove of the central.
tram bar, and pin it therein by short round iron pins at the end of the
bars and in the grooved rail, the T surface of the rail bar so placed above
the grooved rail as to stand about four inches above the surface level of
the bar in road on this, raised rail, when traction engine, such as steam
traction engines, with or without common boilers, or such as tubelar
generators; or, my referred to hydrocarbon engine; wherein in my said
former Patent referred. I connected. propelling adhesion wheels con-
nected with crank axles and connecting rods actuated by the pistons
of cylinder to give motion to the adhesion propelling wheels, acting
horizontally or at an angle on the curved sides of said tram, as formerly
carried into practice by me, and since adopted on the Mount Cenis
Railway, and now, used on certain French railways:
•
1
"
For improving and enhancing the value of depreciated canal property,
or old turnpike or other country roads, I form the structures for narrow
gauge tramways, and work the same with 'single bar with continuous
trams, as herein described, running on continuous sleepers, as shewn in
Figures 2, 5, 6. For these objects I form the sleepers by angular timber,
say from thirty to fifty feet in length, having dowels 1, 2, Fig. 2, with
textile rod 3 in their ends, and I 'form them by cutting square timber,
say twelve or fifteen inches square, at an angle such as will, when one
of them is reversed and placed together, as at end view, Figs. 1, 2, 6, and
as to 1, 2, 3, Drawing No. 9; Fig. 5, and where on a tram bar is placed in
a top groove 4, Fig. 2, they will form a narrow guage tramway of great
stability, and when laid on transums or hard roads.
+
"
On Fig. 2 I construct a goods car a passenger car with the aforesaid
propelling wheels for acting, on single bars, and sustained by the guide
wheel a, a, sustained by their axles attached to framing, and moving on
the angular surface b, b, if in Fig. 1, then on c, c; the aforesaid traction

page_text: Now in countries where timber is abundant, as in countries or colonies-
abroad, and cheap, the cost of construction will be comaratively small;-
the.so manufactured tram bars being of light weight. In some cases the']
tram bar may be placed as in Fig. 1, whilst the bearing-wheels-move-on
the top surfaces of the sleeper, and the propelling wheel may move on the
upper edge of tram bar fixed on transums, as in Fig.-,and in some cases
this narrow gauge tramway may be formed without iron tram bar or rails,
a yet cheaper construction, as in Fig. 6, wherein on the lower parts of the 1
angularisleeper a combination with them of hard wood blocks connected
with the said sleepers by the aforesaid textile rods and end dowel pins of
strong wood or iron, as in end' section, Fig. 6; may be applied: On the
surface of these curved blocks may be placed the waste iron works, and
cinder slag of my said vitrefied asphalt may be laid, or on which coarsely 2
pulverized iron ore or iron granulated may be laid, the propelling wheels
of a traction engine carried on its periphery will impact the asphalte into
the cross-grained surface of wood blocks or asphalt, if used, and form a
substantial way whereon to propel tram cars.
'
%
Now having therefore in this Specification of my Patent of Twelfth of 2
December, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, described and
exemplified by the accompanying Drawings, numbered from 1 to No. 9,
my new and improved methods of constructing and using railways, tram-
ways, and other ways, and in the manufactures combinations of different,
kinds of, materials with processes, mechanical, means, with apparatus, 3
machines and structural formation of works. in manner to render.
available the waste which largely occurs in manufactures, such as in the
manufacture of iron and steel, as also in other manufactures, and whilst
thus economizing cost of labour, fuel, wear and tear of plant, works
cheaper, the cost of production, lessen foreign competition, and render 3
available required materials, abundant in this kingdom, and reduce the.
cost of application without the great expense of importing the same.
+
F
↑

page_text: from abroad, and thus economize the costs in the construction and
maintenance and uses of such railways, tramways, or other ways.
.
"
4241
For the attainment of these objects described I construct suitable works,
improve and recombine them with other mechanical constructions and
materials with said improved processes as herein applied. For effecting
these objects I improve and combine parts of the mechanical constructions
of engine furnaces and connected machinery, as also with the processes
with materials which I applied and described in certain of my former
Patents herein referred to and shewn, as well by the Drawings and
Figures therein as in the recombinations of them of the methods.
described, materials used, with processes exemplying the same, by the
Drawings annexed to this Specification and numbered from Number One
to Number Nine, and referring to my said former Specifications of the
Fourth of August Eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and the other.
Specification therein referred to and to the Specification and Drawings.
of my Patents of Eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and to the
Specification and Drawings of the said Patent of the Sixteenth of
August Eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, and now further improving
any of the parts, processes, with materials and methods of actions to
effect the objects therein and herein.
5.
,
+
4:
1
1
I claim Firstly. The iron puddling and refining machines with the
attached mechanical parts, methods of use, with materials as herein
described and shewn in Drawing No: 1, and also when combined with
any parts of furnaces described in my said Patents referred to, or when
as improved and connected with the crucible of the blast furnace as shewn
in Drawing No. 9 of my said Patent of the Fourth of October Eighteen
hundred and sixty-seven, for tapping the molten metal into a rotating
puddler, or when using the waste gases of smelting shafts for puddling
and refining the iron thereof, or -when connected with the circular
melting, puddling, reverberatory furnace described and shewn in Draw-
ing No. 5 and in Figures or if connected with my cupola system
described and shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, in Drawing No. 4, of my said
Patent of August Eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, or for manipulating
with the said materials.
.I claim Secondly. The same machine with further improvements
described, with the methods of use, manipulations, with materials and

page_text: described and combined with the said turntable, blast furnace crucible,"
refining in the tipping crucible, to supply-purified molten-metal to the
rotary puddler and other attached connections herein described and
shewn by the figures and -the-letters thereon, together-with-the-further
improved and combined and connected parts-described-in-the-figures-and-
letters on Drawing No. 2, and these further combined-and-operated-for-
_tilting and conveying puddled bar with the described apparatus in the
depression under the surface floor of turntable with the impelling power
apparatus and improved puddled bar squezers and the connections
for tilting
ejecting, manipulation and the parts connected as shewn
for tilting and conveying the puddled bar on to endless apron to
-surface level, and by-like endless metal apron conveying the same to
reheating furnaces or mill rollers, and with all the connected parts
of apparatus, materials, and methods of use described and shewn in
Drawing No. 2
"
す
:
-
"1'
-
"
'I claim Thirdly The described methods of feeding fettling with the
materials herein described or for mixing or
mixing or for combining metals and
materials, whether applied to my said rotary puddling and refining
machines; Drawings Nos. 1 and 2 of this Specification, or when combined
with the said rotary puddling, mixing, and refining furnaces, or as com-
bined with my said circular melting, mixing, puddling furnace with the
materials described and shewn in the Drawing No. 4, or my triple cupola
system, Drawing No: 5, of my Patent of One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine, and with any materials therein mentioned, or with said
materials when used with any cupola or steel-making furnace, whether
for use with the said materials with my open, trough method for forming
cast steel tram bars or rolled rail bars, or other formed metals.
alk.
.
I claim Fourthly: The combinations of the mechanical constructions..
and their combinations shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and these combined
with those of Figures 4 and 5, with, their described methods of use,
together with the combinations of the materials: from the wastes of iron,,.
steel, and other manufacturing works with the materials and processes
described and method of combining and manipulating them as herein
described and shewn in Drawing No. 3 and the Figures thereof.
T
F.
Fclaim Fifthly. The combinations of the said described manufactured a
waste materials and their applications; combined with the structural
E

page_text: works herein described and shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, Drawing
No. 4.
I claim Sixthly. The combinations of the above described and herein
mentioned materials when väried and combined in the formation of
tramways, as shewn in Figures 6, 7, and 8, Drawing No. 6, and
Figures 2, 3, and 4, Drawing No. 4.
I claim Seventhly. The combinations and applications of the said
materials or some of them, combined with other materials herein
described when used with the structures as shewn in Figures 9, 10, 11,
Drawing No. 7
I claim Eighthly. The combination of the said vitrified waste materials
of works when combined with the herein described textile formations of
materials when used as under floors to the top surface of said vitrified
waste materials of works, or when used in combination for supporting
rails or tram bars in the construction and use of such roads, as shewn in
Figures 1, 2, 3, Drawing No. 8, and Figures 2, 3, 4, Drawing No. 4.
.
I claim Ninethly. The methods of application of the materials so.
manufactured as herein described by my said machinery, apparatus, and
materials when combined with other materials, as shewn in Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, Drawing No. 9, in application to the towing paths of canals as to
other tramways, as shewn and described in Drawing No. 9.
In witness whereof,, I, the said Henry Pinkus, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-two.
H. PINKUS. (L.S.)