AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RETAINING AND PREVENTING THE VIBRATION OF SLIDING WINDOWS USED IN DWELLING AND IN RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND FOR AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAID PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Thomas Wrigley, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, and Marcus Brown Westhead, of the
same Place, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
RETAINING AND PREVENTING THE VIBRATION OF SLIDING WINDOWS USED IN
DWELLING AND IN RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND FOR AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAID PURPOSES."
Sealed the 20th February 1866, and dated the 30th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Wrigley and
Marcus Brown Westhead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th August 1865.
We, THOMAS WRIGLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Con-
sulting Engineer, and MARCUS BROWN WESTHEAD, of the same Place,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED METHOD OF RETAINING AND PREVENTING THE VIBRATION OF SLIDING WINDOWS
USED IN DWELINGS AND IN RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND FOR AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAID PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed, first, for the purpose of retaining carriage
windows in any position to which they may be lifted; secondly, for preventing
the vibration of such windows in their frames; and, thirdly, for preventing
the vibration of windows in dwelling-houses, and also for retaining and
[lies Bet.]

page_text: locking the sliding sashes thereof when partially open so as to prevent any
person opening or raising the same to a greater extent from the outside.
The improvements consist, first, in the novel employment and use of a disc
or roller of india-rubber, or other suitable elastic material, having an aperture
through its centre, which is supplied with a metallic or glass bush or eyelet.
Through this bush a pin or stud is passed for supporting the same, and the
stud is secured in a bracket attached by screws or otherwise to the carriage
framing in such a position that the periphery of the disc or roller shall be in
contact with and exert a pressure upon the window framing. Thus, when the
window is being raised or lowered the said disc or roller will revolve and give
a minimum amount of friction until the window ceases to be supported by
the hand, at which time the pressure exerted thereupon by the india-rubber
will retain the window in the position in which it was left. By so arranging
or fixing the bracket and its revolving disc to act upon the upper portion of
the window when closed the objectionable vibration at present experienced
will be prevented.
In dwelling-houses the bracket supporting the revolving disc or roller is
secured either to the bottom or top sash in such a position that the india-
rubber shall exert a slight pressure upon the opposite sash or frame to that to
which it is connected; or the bracket and disc may be arranged and adapted
in any inanner or position to a window, which may be found suitable for
preventing the vibration of the window in its frame. To the centre of the
india-rubber disc spindle, or other suitable place, a lever or catch is attached,
which is to be used in combination with a rack on the other portion of the
window frame, so that when the catch is placed against the rack on the
.opposite part of the sash the window will be locked thereby, and when par-
tially opened it may be secured in such position, and be prevented from being
opened by any person from the outside.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Wrigley and Marcus Brown Westhead in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 23rd February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
WRIGLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer,
and MARCUS BROWN WESTHEAD, of the same Place, Merchant. send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of August, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Hér reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas Wrigley and Marcus Brown Westhead, Her special
licence that we, the said Thomas Wrigley and Marcus Brown Westhead,
our excutors, administrators; and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Thomas Wrigley and Marcus Brown Westhead; our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others; from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland; the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RETAINING AND PREVENTING THE VIBRATION OF
SLIDING WINDOWS USED IN DWELLINGS AND IN RAILWAY AND 'OTHER VEHICLES
AND FOR AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAID PURPOSES" upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Wrigley and Marcus
Brown Westhead, our executors, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six' calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that we, the said Thomas Wrigley and Marcus Brown
Westhead, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is
to say):
:
Our Invention is designed; first, for the purpose of retaining carriage
windows in any position' to which they may be lifted; secondly, for preventing
the vibration of windows, doors, or panels, and also for retaining and locking
the sliding sashes thereof when partially open.
The improvements consist, first, in the novel employment and use of a disc
or roller of india-rubber, or other suitable elastic material, having an aperture
through its centre, which is supplied with a bush or eyelet; through this bush
a pin or stud is passed for supporting the same, and the stud is secured
in a bracket attached by screws, or otherwise, to the carriage or other framing
in such a position that the periphery of the disc or roller shall be in 'contact
with and be caused to exert a pressure upon the window or framing. Thus,
when the window is being raised or lowered the said disc or roller will revolve
and give a small amount of friction, until the window ceases to be supported
by the hand; at which time the' pressure exerted thereupon' by the india-
rubber will retain the window in the position in which it was left. The

page_text: brackets and revolving discs are arranged in the manner herein-after described,
so as to act upon the sliding portion of the window, door, or panel when
closed, and to counteract vibration.
In dwelling-houses the bracket supporting the revolving disc or roller may
be secured either to the bottom or top sash of a window, in such a position
that the india-rubber shall exert a slight pressure upon the opposite sash or
frame to that to which it is connected, or the bracket with its disc may be
arranged and adapted in any suitable manner or position to a window so as
to counteract vibration. In some cases a lever or catch may be attached to
or connected with the roller or disc fixed on one window frame, and be used in
combination with a recess on the other window frame, so that when the catch
is placed in the recess the window will be locked thereby, and when partially
opened it may be secured in any required position, and so offer resistance to
the window being moved by any person from the outside.
It will be seen from what has been said of the nature of our Invention,
that in effecting our object, viz., counteracting vibration in window frames,
doors, or panels, and retaining them in required positions, we propose to
employ the friction and pressure and reaction of india-rubber, or other elastic
material applied in the manner herein-after more particularly described.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings, having letters of
reference marked thereupon.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of a carriage door, shewing the
arrangement and application of our "retension" and "antivibrator " appa-
ratus, consisting of rollers or discs having peripheries of india-rubber or
other elastic material employed for retaining the sliding window c in any
required position; and also for counteracting the shaking or vibration of such
window c in its frame a. Figure 2 represents an inside elevational view of
the same.
a, a, is the body or framing of the carriage door, in which the
parallel grove or "rebate" b is formed; in this groove the sash or window c
slides; d is the "garnish rail" of the door, in which are secured the
brackets e, e¹; these are shewn with their discs or rollers more clearly in
Figures 1, 3, and 4; the brackets are so fixed that their discs or rollers are
caused to exert a slight pressure upon the framing of the window, and by
means of the friction between the surface of their elastic peripheries and that
of the window frame they retain such window in any position desired. In
some cases the bracket is provided with a break, as shewn in Figure 1, where
the bracket has a break f, which, when forced against the periphery of the
roller, prevents it from revolving. The break may be forced forward by

page_text: means of a screw turned by a head fixed upon the screw: it is only required
to be applied when the window is partially open, and the carriage is subjected
to unusual shaking whilst travelling over rough roads. g, g, are other rollers
or discs secured to the framing of the carriage door near the top, so as to
exert a pressure upon the window when closed, thereby counteracting the
tendency of the window to vibrate. The discs or rollers g, g, have peripheries
of india-rubber, or other elastic material, and the mode in which they are
fixed is shown more clearly in Figures 5 and 6, where corresponding letters
indicate parts corresponding to those shewn in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 7 shows the application and use of our retention and antivibrator
apparatus to the edges of window frames for retaining them in a given posi-
tion, and preventing vibration, whether such windows have a vertical or
lateral sliding motion. In some cases the bush or axis of the disc or roller is
made to work in a moveable frame, as shewn in Figures 8 and 9 respectively
in plan and elevational views. By turning the screw S the frame is made
to move, being provided with studs, which work in slots p made in the
sides q, q, of the bracket; by these means the disc or roller can be forced with
a greater or less pressure against the window frame, as desired.
Figure 10 represents a detached sectional view of a dwelling-house window,
to which our improved apparatus is applied. Figure 11 shews a view of the
same in elevation. is the frame or beading of the window, to which the
brackets g, g, are secured, one on each side of the lower sash, in a position
that will allow the pressure of the rollers m to force the lower sash r against
the upper sash S, which will effectually prevent vibration, and also exclude
and prevent draughts or damp from entering the room; the same closeness of
the sashes is maintained when the windows are open, the roller or disc m
revolving freely while the window is being opened or closed.
Figures 12, 12", represent an arrangement for hanging the sashes of
windows, whereby the weights of the upper and lower sashes are made to
counterbalance one another by means of a cord passed over a pulley, as shewn
in Figures 12, 12. Discs or rollers may be applied, as shewn in the enlarged
Figure 13, in order to compensate for any overbalance weight there might
be in one sash more than the other. The compensating roller m and bracket i
may be supplied with a catch or holder k, which when placed against the
upper sash, as shewn, locks or retains the sash, whether closed or opened; the
catch k of this bracket adjusts itself so as to lock the window in any required
position.
Figure 14 represents a detached vertical section of the upper and lower
sashes of a window with another modification of our improved apparatus

page_text: attached thereto. In this case the roller or disc is combined with a swing catch
or fastener for locking the window when closed, and also when slightly open.
o is a catch having the projecting finger o¹, by means of which the catch is
withdrawn from the recess p in the sash r; o' also acts as a balance for the
purpose of forcing catch o into the recess p, thereby locking the window at a
convenient distance lower down the sash r. A second recess may be formed, in
order than when the window is opened for ventilation, say 2 or three inches.
the catch entering such lower recess will offer resistance to any attempt that
may be made from the outside to move the window sash when so locked.
It will be obvious that by the application of a roller made of hard unyielding
material supported in brackets, and applied in the manner already described.
and shewn in the various Drawings, but caused when revolving to press
against a suitable elastic surface, equivalent results will be obtained, though in
a less convenient manner, as far as regards retaining windows, doors, or panels
in a required position and counteracting vibration. In some cases instead of
using discs or rollers, elástic cushions of another shape may be employed, and
instead of employing a screw to press the elastic cushion, and so produce the
required friction and pressure, levers moved and secured by strings, loops, or
rings may be employed.
Having now described our improvements, we do not claim the use of the
well-known old parts of which the various modifications of our improved
retaining and antivibrator apparatus are composed; but what we claim is, the
application to sliding windows or doors or panels of rollers or discs or
adjustable cushions, so arranged that the windows, doors, or panels may be
retained in a given position, and their vibration be counteracted by the
pressure, reaction, and friction of elastic surfaces employed as herein-before
described and shown in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Wrigley and Marcus Brown
Westhead, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first
day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six.
THOMAS WRIGLEY.
(L.S.)
MARCUS BROWN WESTHEAD. (L.S.)