matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GASSING YARNS OR THREADS OF COTTON, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Tysoc at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1871.
I, CHARLES TÝSOE, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR GASSING YARNS OR THREADS OF COTTON, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of one or more tubes, cach
having at the top an improved burner for burning gas and air through
the flame of which each yarn or thread circulates to be gassed. Each
burner is fastened in the top of the tube, which has near the bottom
perforations for the admission of air, and at the bottom is fixed a cap
having a tube which is screwed in the main gas pipe of the machine and
a tube with one or more small perforations for the supply of the gas,
and when the combined air and gas is ignited there is a bluish flame
admirably adapted for gassing the yarns or threads.
In some cases I use two or more air tubes and burners in connection
with one gas tube, or two or more burners in connection with one air
tube, varying the number of the tubes and the shapes of the burners

page_text: according to the nature and quality of the yarns or threads, and as in
all cases I make the tubes and burners fixtures the burners are always
in their places and the gassing effectually performed. The burners are
made of china clay or other earth which can stand intenso heat, with
perforations having larger areas at the top than at the bottom, and the 5
burners after being baked or burnt are left unglazed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fletcher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1871.
I, HENRY FLETCHER, of 99, Huskisson Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR VEHICLES," to be
as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render wheels for vehicles elastic,
and for this purpose I make the spokes of steel or other elastic metal or
material, and shape them in a curvilinear form from the nave to the tire,
so that any pressure on the axle, which rests in the nave, will cause the
said spokes to bend and act as springs. The tire or periphery and also
the nave of the wheel I prefer to make of metal, which may be in
various sectional forms convenient for the purpose of fastening or
attaching the said spokes between the tire and the nave.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF RECLAIMING LAND FROM THE SEA AND FOR DEEPENING TIDEWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brodie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1871.
I, JAMES BRODIE, of Bow of Fife, in the County of Fife, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF RECLAIMING LAND FROM THE SEA AND FOR
DEEPENING TIDEWAYS," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention consists in first constructing between the tideway and
the ground which it is proposed to reclaim an embankment as nearly
water-tight as can conveniently be done and sufficiently high to
prevent the water from flowing over it at high tide. In this embank-
ment I make openings at low water mark or a little above it, through
which troughs or tubes are made to pass. These troughs have sluices
by means of which the passage of the water through them may be
regulated as required. These sluices are or may be closed at low water
when it is desired to keep the inside basin dry, and they are opened at
high water in order that the water rushing in with force may carry the
mud along with it. In ordinary cases the said sluices are intended to be
opened by ordinary mechanical means, but in some cases they may be

page_text: connected with a float capable of rising with the tide and opening the
sluice at high water. The said troughs are or may be carried out some
distance into the tideway to prevent the flowing of the water from
injuring the embankment, and to the end of the outer prolonged trough
other troughs may be affixed, and, when required, another trough which
moves on a joint or hinge so that it may be raised or lowered or moved
to one side or another. The said joint should be covered with tarred
cloth or otherwise rendered water-tight. The trough on the inside of
the embankment is or may be extended to any length required, and to
its upper side are fixed a number of short troughs, the top of which will
rise a little above high water mark. In these short troughs are inserted
other troughs of two different kinds. The inlet troughs or those which
are intended to admit the water from the outside have a valve or sluice
at the foot, which when the water is escaping rises so as to allow the
outgoing water to flow freely below it, but falls down to the bottom
of the main trough when the water is coming in, and by closing the
passage causes the water to flow through the inlet trough. The outlet
troughs have a valvo at the foot which allows the outgoing water to
flow freely both through the main trough and the inserted one, but
when the water comes in it closes the outlet trough and leaves the main
trough open.
By the means above described the mud carried in within the embank-
ment will be prevented from being carried out again and will gradually
accumulate until the enclosed ground is filled up, thereby at the same
time deepening the tideway.
TRAMWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1871.
I, THOMAS SCOTT, of No. 85, Grassmarket, in the City of Edinburgh,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IN TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-
IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for its object improvements in tramways.
The tram rails are supported on longitudinal sleepers of timber, and
the rails on the under side are of a trough-like form so that they fit
saddle-like on to the sleepers. The ends of the rails are fished by a
plate of iron bent so as to pass underneath the sleeper.
The fish plate
is secured by screw bolts passing transversely and horizontally through.
the rails and the edges of the fish plate on either side of them. The fish
plate thus not only connects the ends of the rails securely the one to the
other, but it also serves to clamp them very, firmly down to the sleeper,
forming both a fish plate and chair in. one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wass at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1871.
I, GEORGE WASS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lay
Assistant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to prevent or diminish the unequal
wearing of the heels and soles of boots and shoes.
My said Invention consists in inserting in the heels and soles of boots
and shoes (generally near the outer edge) cylindrical pieces or studs of
steel or other hard metal or alloy, the said studs lying flush with the
surface of the heel or sole, and by their power of resisting wear
protecting those parts of the heel and sole in which they are inserted.
I prefer to make the said studs in the form of short cylinders having
a screw-like stem and with a cross notch or slit with which by means of
a screwdriver they may be fixed in their places. I cut at that part of
the edge of the heel or sole in which the said studs are to be inserted

page_text: cylindrical holes of a depth and diameter proper to receive the said
studs. The said studs being inserted in the said holes and driven home
by a screwdriver the screwed stems take into the leather at the bottom
of the said holes and firmly secure the studs in their places.
Instead of making the holes in the heel and sole for the reception of
the projecting studs after the boot or shoe has been made, the said holes
may be made in the heel and sole before they are secured to the boot or
shoe.
Although I prefer to secure the said studs by the screwed stems
described, yet pointed stems may be used in place of the said screwed
stems, and although I prefer to make the stems of steel or iron yet other
hard metals or alloys may be used in place of steel or iron.
Ordinarily the said projecting studs are only required on the outer
edges and extreme end of the heel, they may however where required
be applied to the outer edge of the solo or other parts of the heel and
sole.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN JARS OR APPARATUS FOR KEEPING TOBACCO AND OTHER MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES IN A MOIST OR A COOL STATE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Strauss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1871.
I, ADOLPH STRAUSS, of Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN JARS OR APPARATUS FOR KEEPING TOBACCO AND OTHER MATERIALS
OR SUBSTANCES IN A MOIST OR A COOL STATE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to jars, vessels, or apparatus in which tobacco
or other materials or substances can be kept in a moist or a cool state,
and consists in making the jar or vessel with two skins with a space
between them to contain water or other liquid or a cooling medium.
In some cases the bottoms or the tops only need be of two thicknesses,
and the skins may be of the same or of different materials. I prefer
however to make the inner skin of terra cotta, glass, or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, TREATMENT, AND APPLICATION OF CARD BOARDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Snowdon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1871:
I, WILLIAM SNOWDON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE, TREATMENT, AND APPLICATION OF CARD BOARDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in mixing deodorous, scented, or perfumed
matters or compounds with the pulp of which the card boards are made,
or soaking or saturating the ordinary card boards in deodorized or
scented solutions, and employing these improved card boards for the
bottoms of drawers and for panelling in all kinds of joinery and cabinet
work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davidson Plimsoll at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, no
the 13th November 1871.
I, HENRY DAVIDSON PLIMSOLL, of Gordon Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS," to be as follows:--
My Invention relates to improvements in the safety lamp for which
I obtained Provisional Protection dated May 31st 1871, No 1448. The
improvements consist first in combination with the air chamber for
extinguishing the light as therein described, so fitting the oil receptacle
or lamp proper therein that the lamp cannot be withdrawn from the
protecting casing without the light being extinguished. This I effect
by means of a slow threaded screw formed on the oil box or lamp,
whereby it is screwed into the lamp casing. This screw prevents the
lamp being quickly withdrawn from the casing, and as the flame slowly
descends below the mouth of the air chamber the light is extinguished
for want of air, thus effectually preventing the exposure of the naked
flame to the atmosphere.

page_text: Another improvement consists in providing the lamp casing with a
double glass chimney surrounding the flame, the light of which is not
obstructed by the gauze usually employed, the glass being however
protected from external injury by metal ribs forming part of the lamp
casing and open wire netting surrounding the same.
The chimneys are cemented at bottom in the metal frame to prevent
direct access of air to the flame, except through the air chamber
described in my former application for Letters Patent, and the chimneys
have an air space between them, the outer chimney serving to prevent
the inner one being affected by sudden changes of temperature to which
the lamp may be subjected.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING FRAMES EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOLLEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS YARNS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Augustus Witham and
Thomas Whitham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
with their Petition, on the 27th March 1871.
We, FRANCIS AUGUSTUS WITHAM and THOMAS WHITHAM, both of
Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING FRAMES
EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOLLEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS YARNS,"
to be as follows :—
The Invention relates to that class of machine known in the pre-
paration of cotton yarn as the winding frame, and which is employed
for winding the yarn from the cops on to bobbins or spools preparatory
to warping, and is designed for the purpose, first, of increasing the
density and quantity of yarn upon the bobbin ; secondly, detecting
soft or defective threads, and lastly, giving a profile finish to the bobbin
that prevents "sluffing" or waste.
The improvements consist in regulating the tension of the yarn as
it is delivered on to the bobbin by the following novel arrangement
of mechanism which is connected with and adapted to the ordinary
•

page_text: winding frame. The top bearer connected with the lifting rail is pro-
vided with arms or rods suspended therefrom, which support at their
lower extremities a longitudinal rod or bar that is caused to rest with
a varying pressure upon the yarn through the medium of curved
bearing plates or templets. Thus in the passage of the yarn from the
cops to the bobbins each end of yarn is caused to pass underneath the
said suspended longitudinal rod which is caused to give by its weight
a certain tension to the yarn but in order to vary this tension so as to
increase the same at the termination of each throw or lift of the
"lifting rail," that is, when nearing the flanges of the bobbins the
longitudinal rod or bar is caused to exert a greater pressure upon the
yarn and to be partially sustained or relieved when passing over
the intermediate portions of the bobbins, this is effected by means of a
curved plate or templet against which the longitudinal bar or rod bears
when rising and falling, the peculiar formation of the plate giving an
increase of pressure to the yarn according as the weight of the rod is
diminished or increased by its bearing upon the curved or convex
surface of the templet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DIMINISHING THE PRESSURE UPON SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Starkie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1871.
I, HENRY STARKIE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DIMINISHING THE PRESSURE UPON SLIDE
VALVES," to be as follows:-
11
This Invention is applicable to slide valves used for regulating the
admission of steam, water, or other fluid under pressure, and the object
of the said Invention is to diminish the pressure upon the back of the
said valve, and hence to reduce the friction and consequently the wear,
The form of valve
and also the power required to move such valves.
which I employ is a flat slide or plate valve, with ports or openings
made direct through the same. This valve is not placed in the steam
chest or ordinary valve box as usual, but in a valve chamber, into which
the steam or other fluid is not admitted, and which may, if preferred,
be open to the atmosphere, being situated between the steam chest or
fluid chamber and the cylinder facing. Immediately opposite to each
port an opening is made through that side of the steam chest or fluid

page_text: chamber nearest to the cylinder, and into this opening (which may be
either circular or elliptical) is fitted a tubular spindle passing out through
a stuffing box or cup leather so as to be steam or fluid tight, and
provided with a flange or plate fitting steam or fluid tight against the
back of the valve, and of such dimensions as to give the required amount
of cover to the ports of the valve. It will be evident that the steam
or fluid passes direct to the ports of the valve through the tubular
spindles, and does not press upon the back of the valve itself, and that
the amount of pressure which it exerts is dependent entirely upon the
diameter of the tubular spindle against the end of which the steam
presses, the said pressure being sufficient to keep the flange or plate
steam or fluid tight upon the back of the valve, and the latter steam or
fluid tight against the cylinder facing. A spiral or other spring may
be employed to keep the flange or plate and the valve up to their
respective positions when the pressure of the steam or other fluid is
withdrawn.
IMPROVED FALLER RELIEVER FOR SELF-ACTING SPINNING MULES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Metcalf and William
Gibbons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th June 1871.
We, AARON METCALF, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, and WILLIAM GIBBONS, of the same Place, Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED FALLER RELIEVER
FOR SELF-ACTING SPINNING MULES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to relieve the counterfaller of self-acting
mules, and consists of a counterpoise balance weight fixed on to the
counterfaller rod on the opposite or inner side of such, and attached is
a lever overhanging copping faller rod, to the end of such lever we
attach the chain, at present attached to copping faller by a small crank
lever, this crank lever we still use to keep the chain to its proper stretch
during the time the mule is coming out, "by placing" it so as to come
immediately under the overhanging lever before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING DRAINS OR TRENCHES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Penn-Gaskell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1871.
I, PETER PENN-GASKELL, of Sussex Square, Hyde Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING DRAINS OR TRENCHES,” to
be as follows :—
My Invention relates to an improved construction of machine for
cutting trenches in land for draining and other purposes.
The apparatus consists of a narrow framework or carriage mounted
on wheels at the front and rear ends, and may be drawn by animal
power. Beneath this framework (which is of less width than the trench
required) and directly in rear of the front wheels two ploughshares are
fixed facing one another, at a sufficient distance apart according to tho
width of the trench required, the one share overlapping the other
towards the rear. In front of these ploughshares are two vertical knives
or coulters fixed to the framing or carriage, the width of the required
trench apart by which the ground is incised in advance of the plough-

page_text: shares on either side so as to form the sides of the trench, the carth
being removed from between by the ploughshares. The depth of cut
is regulated by the fore wheels, the bearings of which may be adjusted
by means of a hand screw at any desired height in guides on the
framing. The earth raised by the ploughshares is caused by the
forward movement of the machine to pass up on to an endless scries of
elevators, by which it is raised and deposited on inclined shoots mounted
at the rear of the apparatus, which distribute the earth on the land at
either side of the trench. The elevators consist of a number of three
sided open boxes fixed close together on endless chains passing over
chain wheels mounted in the framework of the carriage, the one side
of each elevator being removed to facilitate the discharge of its contents.
The endless chains pass under a toothed drum which has a pinion on
its axis gearing with a ring of teeth on the rear wheels of the carriage
by which the endless series of elevators are operated as the machine
travels along. The framework or carriage is of less width than the
intended trench, in which it travels as it is formed, the trench being
deepened by successive operations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VERGES OR EDGINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Mc Lachlan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th August 1871.
I, ANDREW MC LACHLAN, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VERGES OR
EDGINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects to lighten manual labour, to save
time, and to secure increased accuracy in cutting verges or edgings.
The improved apparatus comprises a small iron frame with a socket
piece formed or fixed on it in a slanting position to receive the end of a
wooden rod or handle, by means of which last the apparatus is moved and
guided along the verge or edging to be cut. The bottom of the frame
may be smooth to slide like a sledge along the top surface of the verge
or edging, but it is preferred to make it with an opening, and to fit it
with a roller to reduce the friction of moving it along. At one side of
the frame a slightly recessed part is formed to receive a curved knife

page_text: blade by which the cutting is effected, and this knife blade is formed
with a slot through which a screw passes into the side of the frame,
this arrangement permitting the knife blade to be fixed by the screw
in positions to suit different depths of verge or edging.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF METALLIC FURNITURE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Grove at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1871.
I, JOSEPH GROVE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Safe
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF METALLIC
FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
the construction and arrangement of those parts of metallic bedsteads
and other articles of metallic furniture by which the side and end angle
bars are connected to the corner blocks on the pillars of the said articles.
In the ordinary method of construction the said parts are connected
together by what is called a dovetailed joint, that is, a slightly conical
projection or he dovetail on the end of the block fixed to the side
or end angle bar engages in a corresponding hollow or she dovetail
in the corner block. This joint is liable to be broken by the fracture
of the he dovetail at its neck or the part where it joins the block on the
angle bar.

page_text: In connecting together the side and end angle bars to the corner
blocks according to my Invention I make in the corner blocks and also
in the blocks on the ends of the angle bars hollow or she dovetails, that
in the corner block being of the ordinary kind, that is its widest end
uppermost, while that in the end of the angle bar is inverted, that is its
narrowest end is uppermost. I make a separate piece having a figure
of the two she dovetails in the corner block and angle bar block, that is,
the said separate piece has the figure of two he dovetails joined together
side by side, the narrow end of one being opposed to the wide end
of the other.
In using the separate piece or double dovetail one half of it is dropped
into the she dovetail in the corner block. The block of the angle bar is
then dropped or passed on to the other dovetail so as to engage it
in the she dovetail in the said block. The parts are thus securely
connected together.
The separate piece or double dovetail may be made of cast iron, or of
malleable cast iron, or of wrought iron, or where great strength is
required of steel. If by accident the double dovetail is broken it can
easily be replaced by another.
Although I have described the joints as made in the form of the
ordinary dovetail, yet I do not limit myself to any particular shape
so long as the same essential construction and action are preserved.
My Invention is applicable to the joining together of metallic
bedsteads, couches, cots, sofas, and articles of metallic furniture in
general, the framings of which are or may be connected together by
joints of the construction described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NAILS, AND IN THE MAKING AND APPLYING THE HEAD TO THE SAME, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SCREWS OR SCREWED SHANKS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Gaunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1871.
I, RICHARD GAUNT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Stamper and Piercer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS
OF NAILS, AND IN THE MAKING AND APPLYING THE HEAD TO THE SAME, WHICH SAID
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SCREWS OR SCREWED SHANKS,” to be as
follows (that is to say) :—
My improvements apply to the description of nails with ornamental
heads, generally designated brass headed nails, and consist in forming a
flange in a line with the shanks of the nail and a projecting neck or
collar on the same, having a small neck or space between the flange and
projecting collar. This projecting collar and flange I purpose forming
by preference in dies set in what is well known as an oliver, and the
shank or nail thus treated is in a condition to be driven into a wall or
wood for use, such as suspending pictures or otherwise; and after being
so driven I apply an ornamental head composed by preference of two

page_text: parts, either wholly of metal, or partly metal and partly other material,
the back part or shell having a circular hole in it, the diameter of the
shank of the nail, and with a small slot to fit the flange before
described in the shank. The orifice in the shell or back somewhat
resembles a key-hole, and the olivered or stamped part of the head of
the nail shank a key; and by turning the head slightly around the
head becomes locked on the shank by the elastic force of a small spring
placed within the head. By this process the head may be highly
finished, and made of precious metals or electro-gilded, and set with
precious stones or otherwise ornamented; and the same facility applies
also to the removal of the head at any time for cleaning or renovating.
In some instances it may be necessary to drive the shank by means of
a die fitting over the olivered portion of the shank, that the die may
receive the concussive force of the blow in driving such nails. .
I do not purpose limiting myself to any particular design of head or
pierce hole in the back, as the same may be greatly diversified. This
same process may be applied to the shanks of what are technically
called wood screws, the projecting flange forming the means by the
application of a tool with a corresponding recess, and a suitable handle
for screwing in or out of cabinet or upholstery work with great facility,
the head being applied as before described; as it will be perceived that
small or large nails or screws can be readily produced, applied, or
.removed constructed on this plan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUXILIARY SPRINGS, APPLICABLE TO SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th August 1871.—A communication from abroad by Harvey
Lull, of Hoboken, County of Hudson, and State of New Jersey,
United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the.
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUXILIARY SPRINGS, APPLICABLE
TO SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The present Invention consists in improving that class of hand or
foot mechanism which employ a spring to store up the power, and to
take the crank over the dead centres, being more especially designed
to aid operation upon sewing machines, but applicable to all similar
purposes.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates the Invention.
B is the pitman, O is the bar to which the foot or hand power may
be applied for revolving the wheel and the shaft to which the wheel is
attached. In the application of this device to a sewing machine the

page_text: bar O would represent the treadle. D is the spring, which in this
example of the Invention is a spiral spring, but I do not confine myself
to any particular kind of spring, as a flat or bow spring may be applied
with the same effect, or a weight might be applied for assisting the
crank as proposed. The tube E is pivoted at the point G, and the 5
rod F is pivoted to the end of the pitman, as seen at H. The rod F is
then given the required play in the tube to allow the crank to revolve,
and is so arranged in regard to the position of the crank that the
spring is made to act upon the crank while the latter is passing the
centres, and so that the crank is not permitted to stop on a dead centre. 1
When applied to a sewing machine both hands of the operator are
left free, the usual handling of the fly wheel to throw the crank off the
centre for starting the machine not being necessary.
AN IMPROVED CIRCULATING TUBULAR BOLLER FOR HEATING BATHS, HOT WATER PIPES, HOT WATER COILS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Verity and Benjamin
Verity at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th December 1871.
WC, WILLIAM VERITY and BENJAMIN VERITY, both of 127, Regent
Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CIRCULATING TUBULAR BOLLER FOR HEATING BATHS,
HOT WATER PIPES, HOT WATER COILS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The lower tubes marked on plan being brought into immediate
contact with the flames divide the aforesaid flames; by this means the
upper part of the flames are brought into contact with the flat tubes
marked on plan, causing a quick circulation of the water in the
aforesaid tubes. The waste heat from burner being thrown by the flat
tubes to the sides of the boiler, and repeated in its progress through the
aforesaid boiler, and then thrown on to the upper water chamber thus
economises the expenditure of heat, and the waste heat finally passes off
through an aperture in the top or side of the aforesaid boiler. The water
is to circulate from the sides of the boiler through the aforesaid tubes.
The upper water chamber to circulate from top and sides of the aforesaid

page_text: boiler. The boiler to be made in copper, brass, or any other suitable
material or materials, and to be heated by gas, oils, or spirits.
They claim for the arrangement and shape of the aforesaid tubes, as
shewn in plans No. 1 and No. 2, and for the principle of circulation as
herein-before mentioned. They do not claim for the lower cylinder i
marked "I" on plans.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SIGNALLING OR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OR ENGINE DRIVERS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Margaret Mary Cornwall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
6th November 1871.
I, MARGARET MARY CORNWALL, of South Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF SIGNALLING OR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS
AND GUARDS OR ENGINE DRIVERS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention is designed to simplify and render more efficient
than heretofore the means employed for communicating between the
passengers and guard of a railway train by night as well as by day.
I propose to effect this object by the following means:-On the roof
of each carriage or between each compartment in the said carriage and
at the outside thereof I fix a box fitted with a hinged lid. In this box I
place a flag, the stick or staff whereof is affixed by its lower end to a
spiral spring, so that when the lid of the aforesaid box is closed the said
spring will be collapsed and the flag hidden from view. A small handle
or other suitable mechanism is placed inside of the carriage, on moving
which the lid of the aforesaid box will be disengaged and the elastic

page_text: force of the spiral spring will force the flag out of the box and thus
expose it to view, pointing out to the guard or other person the precise
carriage from which the communication has been made from the
passengers therein. This flag signal is intended for signalling by day.
For signalling by night or when it is dark I purpose to substitute a
lamp in the place of the flag above described, and provide the said lamp
with a magnesium or other powerful light which remains concealed
when out of use, but by disengaging the lid of the box the lamp springs
out of the box as before described.
In connection with the above method of signalling I propose if
desirable to connect a bell with each signal box, and cause it to be
sounded by the opening of the lid of the said box to call the attention
of the guard to the signal flag or lamp acted upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCUDDING SPLIT OR UNSPLIT SKINS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Turney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1871.
I, JOHN TURNEY, of the Firm of Turney Brothers, Leather Dressers
and Leather Manufacturers, of "The Trent Bridge Works," in
the County of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCUDDING SPLIT OR UNSPLIT SKINS AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the scudding of split skin has been effected by placing the
split skin upon a beam, table, or other support, and operating upon it
by pressing upon it repeatedly with the edge of a knife, so as to clean
the skin and scrape or draw out the grease.
Whereas according to my Invention I clean the skin and extract the
grease therefrom by means of a machine or apparatus driven by hand,
steam, or other power. This I effect by the employment of apparatus
in which there are a revolving drum or cylinder and set of revolving
brushes. The brushes are in a frame having a to-and-fro movement.
In one arrangement for carrying out the Invention a drum or
cylinder is supported on a framework, and caused to revolve by a spur

page_text: wheel which is on one end of the axle of cylinder and worked by a
worm on a horizontal shaft at right angles to the cylinder; the worm
axle is driven by a belt from a prime mover. Above the cylinder is a set
of brushes extending nearly the length of the cylinder; half of the
brushes revolve in one direction and the other half in the other direction.
The brushes are caused to revolve by a train of wheels on the back
end of the axles of the brushes, driven by a second belt from any prime
mover. The axles of the brushes revolve in a frame which has a to-
and-fro movement given to it by a connecting rod and crank. The stroke
of the to-and-fro movement thus given to the brushes is of such length
that the skin is brushed over the whole of its width as its length is passed
under the brushes by the cylinder. The skins are spread evenly upon
the cylinder, which is capable of adjustment vertically to compensate
for the varying substance of skins and wear of the brushes. Of course
the mechanical means for communicating the above described motions
may be varied without departing from the Invention.
In this Invention, which is an improvement upon my former Invention
dated the 19th day of May 1871, and numbered 1351, I employ brushes
with knives, and I flesh every description of skin and scud the skins
which the brushes will not act upon, such, for instance, as those of seal
and roan skins; and with a brush suitable for the work I scour all
descriptions of leather in the above-named machine or apparatus
employed in my Invention.
THE APPLICATION OF THE MOTIVE POWER OF THE CURRENT OF A RIVER TO PUMP WATER INTO A SWIMMING BATE AND OTHER BATHS FLOATING UPON THE SAID RIVER THROUGH FILTERING MATERIALS PLACED NEAR THE BOTTOM. AND SIDES OF THE VESSEL CONTAINING SUCH BATH OR BATHS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Slagg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1871.
I, CHARLES SLAGG, of Kingston-on-Thames, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE APPLICATION OF THE MOTIVE POWER OF THE CURRENT OF A RIVER TO PUMP
WATER INTO A SWIMMING BATE AND OTHER BATHS FLOATING UPON THE SAID RIVER
THROUGH FILTERING MATERIALS PLACED NEAR THE BOTTOM. AND SIDES OF THE
VESSEL CONTAINING SUCH BATH OR BATHS," to be as follows:-
To a vessel moored in the current of a river, which vessel shall contain
sufficient space for a swimming bath, I apply a tide wheel or current
wheel so that it shall be turned round by the current into which it shall
dip and so work pumps within the vessel, one of which pumps is
intended to supply water to the bath from a well within the vessel,
and the other to exhaust the water, pari passu, and discharge it into
the river.

page_text: In order to clarify the water supplied to the bath, I make an opening
in the bottom of the vessel near the well from which the water is to be
pumped, to which opening I apply filtering materials through which the
water is to flow into the well.
According to the size and requirements of the bath I apply one or 5
more of the wheels, filters, and sets of pumps before mentioned.
In addition to the swimming bath I intend where the current is strong
enough to erect at each end of the vessel a tank to contain water which
is to be filled by the said pump or pumps from the said well, and from
each tank I cause the water to flow over and through a perforated floor 1
of sufficient height above the deck of the vessel to form a shower bath,
douche bath, or other bath of that kind.
AN IMPROVED BRUSH FOR SCOURING THE INSIDE OF SAUCEPANS, POTS, AND PANS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robert Breach at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1871.
I, JOHN ROBERT BREACH, of 4, Bridgewater Square, Barbican, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED BRUSH FOR SCOURING THE INSIDE OF SAUCEPANS, POTS, AND
PANS," to be as follows:-
I make a brush handle and head varied in shape and size according
to the shape and size of the article to be scoured, and I cover the bottom
and head of the brush with wire card instead of ordinary bristles, and
I find that by using this in the same way as an ordinary brush I remove
all incrustation from the inside of the article operated on without
injuring the substance of the saucepan, pan, or pot, or the enamel with
which it may be coated.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR OPENING ENVELOPES, AND FOR CUTTING THREAD, TWINE, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roswell Carter Munson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th July 1871.-A communication from abroad by Henry Augustus
Clark, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, ROSWELL CARTER MUNSON, of the Hop and Malt Exchange,
Southwark Street, in the County of Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR OPENING
ENVELOPES, AND FOR CUTTING THREAD, TWINE, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL."-
A communication to me from abroad by Henry Augustus Clark, of
Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for opening
envelopes, and for cutting thread, twine, or other similar material.
For this purpose a cutting blade is fixed in an inclined position in
a holder having a slit, groove, or opening therein, the nose or point
of the cutter being near the upper edge of such slit, groove, or opening
and protected by the holder. The cutter may be fixed in its holder by
means of a tang or by means of a flange or rib on its back. By these

page_text: means a V shaped opening is formed between the edge of the cutter and
the bottom of the slit, groove, or opening.
By introducing the edge of an envelope into the slit, groove, or
opening and pushing it along against the cutter the edge of the envelope
will be cut open, or thread, twine, or other similar material may be cut
thereby in a similar manner. For cutting thread, twine, and other
similar material the holder is preferably formed with wire doubled
and bent into somewhat the shape of the letter N and formed at its ends
into pins, hooks, or eyes, so that it may be readily attached to any
article of clothing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION AND PURIFICATION OF THE LIQUOR ABISING FROM THE WASHING OR SCRUBBING' PROCESS OF THE MANUFACTURE OP ILLUMINATING Gas
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Carter Bell, William
Dominick Gregg, and Richard Roper Kelly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th October
1871.
We, JOSEPH CARTER BELL, of Cheadle, in the County of Chester,
Chemist, WILLIAM DOMINICK GREGG, of the same Place, Manufacturing
Chemist, and RICHARD ROPER KELLY, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION AND PURIFICATION OF THE LIQUOR
ABISING FROM THE WASHING OR SCRUBBING' PROCESS OF THE MANUFACTURE OP
ILLUMINATING Gas," to be as follows:-
It is well known that gas for illumination is submitted to a
washing or "scrubbing" process for the purpose of depriving it to a
certain extent of ammonia and sulphuretted hydrogen and sulphide
of ammonium, and that a liquor arises therefrom which is impregnated
with those substances.
By our Invention we firstly utilize the said liquor by rendering it
suitable and he annlving it continuously for repeated washing or

page_text: "
scrubbing" processes. To effect this we take the liquor and boil off the
ammonia into sulphuric acid or other substance to form a salt of
ammonia, and when this is effected we find that the said liquor may be
used for the washing or scrubbing process in place of the water now
employed for that purpose, and by this utilization of the liquor we avoid
the necessity of its removal from the gas works. During the boiling of
the liquor sulphuretted hydrogen is evolved, which we pass through a
purifyer containing a metallic salt, as will be well understood.
According to another method we purify the said liquor previously to
the aforesaid boiling by adding thereto an oxide or metallic salt, by
which means a sulphide is precipitated and the nuisance arising from
the sulphuretted hydrogen is therefore avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holmes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1871.
I, SAMUEL HOLMES, of 477, Oxford Street, W.O., in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS,” to be as follows :-
The application of one or more prism or prisms. or a divided lens or
lenses acting by refraction by placing them near, over, or in contact with
the posterior combination of the object piece of a microscope, such prisms
or lenses to be of such form and in such positions as to deflect the half of
the light from the right side of the object piece into the left eye piece,
and the light from the left side of the object piece into the right eye
piece without interference or visible joint, and in the use of such
apparatus as a binocular microscope, as a binocular eye piece for a
telescope, or as a binocular camera, as the case may be. The improved
object glass or object piece to be used as above or for ordinary micro-
scopes is composed of a lens or lenses made reflective in part by silvering

page_text: or otherwise so as to act by reflection to form an image of the object
in the direction of the prism aforesaid, or of the eye piece of an ordinary
microscope, such object piece being achromatic without the correction
of a disc of flint glass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF ADVERTISING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Whitford Hosking at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st September 1871.
I, ALBERT WHITFORD HOSKING, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF ADVERTISING, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel method of advertising, for commercial
purposes, whereby a great amount of publicity is given to the advertise-
ment and the attention of the public is attracted thereto.
I propose to take an ordinary shop or building at the corner of a
street (or to erect a building for the purpose) and having removed more
or less of the front wall I place therein a large vertical cylinder formed
of ornamental cast iron, or otherwise, in compartments or subdivisions.
Each of these compartments all round the cylinder is intended to
contain an advertisement, which may be either an announcement in any
suitably attractive or ornamental form, or it may contain models or

page_text: specimens of the articles to be advertised, or it may be a combination of
these two methods, as may be thought most attractive or advisable.
The announcements may be painted or otherwise produced upon
panels of glass or other transparent or semi-transparent material, and
may be illuminated at night either from within or from the outside, or 5
both, as may be best adapted for attracting attention and for displaying
the advertisments.
The cylinder, which may occupy as much of the front of the building
as convenient, is caused to revolve slowly by means of a small steam or
gas engine, which is to be of an ornamental character, and is to be placed 1
full in view, so as to form an additional attraction, and it will be evident
that as the cylinder revolves slowly each advertisment will be brought
prominently into notice, and this arrangement will also allow of a much
larger quantity of advertisments to be displayed in a given space, and at
the same time the advertisments are constantly changing.
It will be evident that instead of one revolving cylinder only, two or
more may be placed at the front of the same building, and space be left
for passing round them if preferred.
1