Improvements in Extracting and Utilizing Heat for Motive Power.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 29th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 29th Mar., 1892-1ccepted, 25th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Extracting and Utilizing Heat for Motive Power.
I JAMES HOWARTH PARKINSON Gas Engineer Stretford Lancashire do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The usual way of utilizing heat for motive power is in converting water into
steam at a disadvantageously high temperature owing to loss by radiation.
The steam after having done its work in the cylinders is allowed to escape to
the atmosphere or condenser possessing the latent and sensible heat necessary to
convert water into steam which is all wasted except what may be used for boiler
supply.
My improvements consists in a process of using some such liquifiable gas or
mixture of gases as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide, sulphuric ether,
ammonia, bisulphide of carbon or volatile ethyl compounds such as ordinary alcohol
or ethyl-aldehyde or volatile methyl compounds such as chloryform, wood spirit,
mono-chlor-methane or any such liquifiable substance or substances which change
from their liquid to their gaseous condition at temperatures equal to or comparatively
near if above or any attainable degree below that of the atmosphere (which of
course will not attack the baser metals) liquor ammonia might even be used with
slight modification of plant. Of this selection I prefer but do not restrict myself.
to use carbon dioxide because it is immiscible with many oils thus allowing
lubrication, is liquified readily and by my Patent No. 101681 can be obtained
cheaply.
This carbon dioxide or other gas or gases I supply through a back pressure or
other valve or valves to a chamber or chambers of a strong boiler, heat extractor
or receivers around or within which chamber or chambers there is another distinct
chamber or chambers. The carbon dioxide is easily vaporized at a low temperature
the pressure generated passing if desirable into an intermediate receiver to be
superheated or directly to the cylinder of an engine or cylinders of a compound
engine or modification of such complete engine (the cylinders of which are jacketed
or otherwise) imparting motion similarly to steam from a boiler the gas exhausting
at a moderately low pressure (or vacuum obtained by passing into or through a rarefied
chamber or heat extractor around or within which there is another chamber or
chambers cooled by suitable means as cold as practicable by carbon dioxide and
ether or suitable substance or substances compelled to boil by the action or partial
vacuum of the heat transferring pump or pumps and by the cold thus produced
causing vacuum by liquefaction of the exhaust CO, from the engine & so probably
eventually dispensing with the liquefying pump or pumps subsequently referred to
substituted by an injector or pump) or into or through a rarefied chamber or heat
extractor around or within which there is another chamber or chambers; the
exhaust gas being drawn off by a probable reliquefying pump or pumps & passed
to the strong boiler or heat extractor or receivers to be again evaporated. The
chamber or chambers around or within the rarefied chamber or heat extractor as
also the jackets of the probable reliquifying pump or pumps contain CO, or substance
or substances above referred to which being rarefied & subsequently compressed or
liquefied by a heat transferring pump or pumps extracts considerable heat from the
exhaust gas through the walls of the rarefied chamber or heat extractors & similarly
extracts heat through the walls of the probable reliquefying pump or pumps & then
through its own walls this heat transferring pump or pumps thus transfers the
vaporous CO, or substance or substances before mentioned containing the extracted
heat from the exhaust gas & heat as a consequence of compression in the probable
reliquefying pump or pumps the latent heat of its own compression or liquefaction

page_text: & also some heat obtained through the walls from the atmosphere or substance in
contact with such walls to the chamber or chambers around or within the aforesaid
chamber or chambers of the strong boiler heat extractor or receivers and if
desirable to an intermediate receiver or receivers in a warm (when compared
with the temperature of the gas) and probably liquid condition which after
imparting this heat through the walls to the carbon dioxide which operates in the
cylinders passes by a suitable valve or valves automatic or otherwise to the chamber
or chambers around or within the rarefied chamber or heat extractors and likewise
to the jacket of the probable reliquifying pump or pumps to be again rarefied &
compressed or liquified by the heat transferring pump or pumps & subsequently
through or around the walls of the transferring pump back again ad infinitum.
To obtain motive power after sufficiently charging the chambers with carbon
dioxide heat is applied from some available source to the strong boiler heat
extractor or receivers, the passage between this boiler and the cylinders of the
compound engine or modification of such engine being open the pressure (as a
consequence of heat) imparts motion to the engine in the usual way the exhaust
gas being subsequently reliquifyied and used over and over again.
Instead of utilizing the temperature of the atmosphere to impart heat to the
chambers other gaseous or liquid substance or substances might be used.
Suitable means are provided for supplying and extracting the oil or lubricant
used for lubrication.
It may also be deemed advisable to adopt the usual or special glasses (protected
or otherwise) for ascertaining the respective heights of the liquid carbon dioxide
also guages may be desirable for ascertaining pressures or vacuum.
Strengthening belts projections connecting and heat conducting pieces may be
used on or in the chambers or vessels so as to present a large amount of heating
surface with increased strength.
The heat from the heat transferring pump or pumps may be conveyed to the
chambers of the strong boiler &c. by a circulation of water or non-freezing mixture
such as water & calcium chloride glycerine or other fluid. If desirable heat may
be extracted from contact with water air or other fluid such contact being induced
or otherwise.
Dated this 27th day of June 1801
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Extracting and Utilizing Heat for Motive Power.
I, JAMES HOWARTH PARKINSON, Dentist and Gas Engineer, Stretford,
Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
As is well known, when heat is converted into work by means of a steam engine,
a very large proportion of the heat produced in the furnace of the steam generator
is wasted by radiation and otherwise. Now my invention is designed to obviate or
mitigate such loss, and with this object it has reference to a method of and apparatus.
for converting heat into work without necessarily resorting to the high temperature
required to convert water into steam.
For this purpose I employ, as the motive agent, some liquefiable fluid that is
capable of readily changing from its liquid condition to its gaseous or vaporous
condition at a temperature equal to the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere,
or comparatively near (if above) or any attainable degree below, the ordinary
temperature of the atmosphere, taking care to use a fluid that will not attack the
baser metals.
Suitable fluids for my purpose are (for examples) carbon dioxide; sulphur
dioxide; nitrous oxide; sulphuric ether; anhydrous ammonia; carbon disulphide

page_text: volatile ethyl compounds, such as ordinary alcohol or ethyl aldehyde; and volatile
methyl compounds such as chloroform, methyl alcohol and mono-chlor methane.
Of these substances I prefer in cool climates (but I do not restrict myself to) carbon
dioxide (CO2) because it is immiscible with many oils, and thus allows of lubrication
of the motor in which it is used; and is readily liquefied.
To the fluid employed I impart sufficient heat to transform it from a liquid into
a gas or vapor under pressure, this gas or vapor is passed to a fluid pressure motor
wherein it is allowed to expand and perform work; the exhaust fluid from the
motor is recompressed and cooled in order to reliquefy it for re-use, heat produced
by such compression & liquefaction being transferred to the fluid that is on its
way to the motor or is in the motor, thus largely utilizing the energy expended.
In like manner steam or other fluid employed, may be returned to the boiler or
generator without wasting the latent heat.
In carrying out my invention I employ a vessel or vessels (hereinafter called for
distinction the gas generator) capable of withstanding considerable pressure; and
having internal tubes, and external and internal belts for strengthening conducting
and radiating purposes; around this vessel may be another chamber (hereinafter
called for distinction the heating chamber). In explaining my invention I will
assume carbon dioxide to be the liquefiable fluid employed. It is however to be
noted that the changes of state from the liquid to the gaseous condition, and
vice versa will occur in different parts of the apparatus and at different stages of the
process according to the temperature, pressure and nature of the fluid employed.
The following description must therefore be understood to apply more particularly
to carbon dioxide assuming the normal atmospheric temperature of 15° C. to exist.
It is supplied to the gas generator (which as well as the various pipes and cylinders
of the engine may have with advantage been previously exhausted of air) either in
a liquid state, or it may be liquefied therein, past a non-return or other valve;
through or within the heating chamber a heating fluid at a suitable temperature is
caused to circulate, so that the carbon dioxide (which readily boils at a low tempera-
ture) is evaporated. The gaseous carbon dioxide, thus obtained under pressure, is
then conveyed to the cylinder or cylinders of a simple or compound motor engine,
wherein it expands and performs work similarly to steam; then the gas or vapor
exhausts at any desired pressure less than the initial pressure or into a partial
vacuum, preferably the latter.
The heating fluid employed may be water at the ordinary atmospheric tempera-
ture, or at a higher temperature, according to the pressure and rate of evaporation
desired.
When it is desired to obtain the maximum effect from the least possible quantity
of carbon dioxide, steam, which may be exhaust steam from a steam engine, or other
fluid at a temperature considerably above that of the atmosphere, as for example
the waste products from a gas or petroleum motor, may be used to heat the carbon
dioxide, thus increasing its expansive force. For this purpose the steam or other
hot fluid circulates about the gas generator, or through one or more separate
chambers or superheaters in or around which (or each of which) is another chamber
or passage through which the carbon dioxide flows on its way from the gas generator
to the motor, and wherein it is superheated. Or the steam or other hot fluid may,
in the case of a compound motor, flow through the jacket or jackets of one or more
of the motor cylinders. As carbon dioxide has a pressure of about 750 lbs. at 15° C.,
if any additional heat be given to it, the motor in which it is to be used should be so
constructed, or the admission of the carbon dioxide should be cut off at such a
point, that it will be reduced by expansion, to an advantageously low pressure or
partial vacuum before exhausting.
In conjunction with the motor there is used a reliquefying and heat transferring
pump which will in this Specification be subsequently called the heat restorer by
which the carbon dioxide, after having done work in the motor, is re-liquefied and
returned to the gas generator for re-use, heat produced by the compression & lique-
faction of the carbon dioxide being transferred to the gaseous carbon dioxide before

page_text: it reaches the motor or while expanding therein. The capacity of the heat restorer
(or the aggregate capacity of the heat restorers) may with advantage be somewhat
less than that of the motor cylinder (or cylinders).
In order that the subsequent description of the manner in which the motor and
heat restorer work may be readily understood, it may be briefly stated that the
principles underlying their action mainly depend upon the known fact that when a
gas is compressed, its temperature is raised, and vice versa when a gas at any given
pressure expands, it sinks in temperature proportionately, and is therefore in a
condition to readily absorb heat from any source having a greater temperature than
itself, with which it may be in contact; and as all gases expand with heat the more
any gas is able to absorb, the less rapidly does its pressure diminish, therefore in
the same proportion being rendered more effective as a motive agency.
It is on
this principle of the mutual convertibility of heat and work into one another that
the motor and heat restorer work.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. illustrates diagrammatically compound apparatus for carrying out my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of part of such apparatus.
Figs. 3, 3 and Figs. 4, 4 illustrate in side elevation and plan respectively a
simple combined motor and heat restorer according to this invention.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section, and Fig. 6 an end clevation of the motor cylinder to
a larger scale.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the compressor cylinder, and
Figs. 8 and 9 are elevations of its respective ends, also to a larger scale.
Figs. 10 to 12 inclusive are detail views.
Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a modified construction of combined
compound motor and heat restorer.
Figs. 14, 15 and 16 are respectively a sectional side elevation, plan, and end
elevation of part of such motor and heat restorer.
In Fig. 1, 1, 2 and 3 are the working cylinders of a triple expansion motor; they
are made of gradually increasing size and are each constructed with a jacket or
there may be additional jackets for the circulation of heating fluid. 1 is a motor
cylinder or heat extractor constructed with a jacket and with inlet and outlet
pipes 1, 1 through which a heating agent such as steam or other hot, fluid flows to
increase the expansive power of the carbon dioxide supplied to such cylinder. 4, 5
and 6 are heat restorers of different capacities and each constructed with a jacket
for the circulation of heat conveying fluid. 7 is a gas generator from which carbon
dioxide under pressure is supplied by pipe & to the cylinder 1. 7ª is a stop valve
and 7" a non-return or stop valve. 9, 9" are pipes connecting the cylinders 1 to 3
so that carbon dioxide that has done work in cylinder 1" can pass in succession
through each of the other motor cylinders in turn. 10, 10 are similar connecting
pipes for the heat restorers. 9* are valves for controlling the flow of fluid through
the pipes 9, 9". 10 are combined suction and delivery valves, such as hereinafter
described for controlling the flow of fluid to and from the respective heat restorers.
The pipes 9, 9 constituting each pair are connected by a pipe 9, as also are the
pipes 10, 10 by a pipe 10. 11 is a pipe for conveying the gas exhausting from
the cylinder 3, to the heat restorer 4 whence it passes to the heat restorers 5 and 6.
12, 12, 12, and 13 are pipes by which compressed carbon dioxide is conveyed from
heat restorer 6 through the jackets of the motor cylinders 1, 2 and 3 to the gas
generator 7. 14, 14ª are circulating pipes connecting (in a horizontal engine) the
upper and lower parts of the jackets of the motor cylinders with the upper and lower
parts of the jackets of the heat restorers.
Assuming that the gas generator 7 is charged with liquid carbon dioxide, and
sufficient heat imparted then the operation of the arrangement is as follows:-
The gaseous carbon dioxide generated is delivered into pipe 8, passes into
the inctor cylinder or heat extractor 1º. The carbon dioxide after doing
duty in cylinder 1ª, passes successively through cylinders 1, 2 and 3 in each

page_text: of which it expends a portion of its energy in operating the pistons and
crank shaft of the motor. The supply and exhaust of the carbon dioxide to
and from the respective ends of the cylinders is effected in the ordinary manner
by suitable valves and mechanism of the Corliss or other type. The carbon
dioxide exhausting from cylinder 3 passes by pipe 11 to the heat restorers 4, 5
and 6 in succession, wherein it is recompressed. After leaving cylinder 6, the com-
pressed, and probably heated, carbon dioxide will pass to the gas generator 7 for
re-use, flowing on its way through pipe 12 to the jackets of cylinders 1, 2 and 3
wherein it parts with its latent and portions of its sensible heat, by conduction
through the walls of the motor cylinders, to the carbon dioxide expanding within
these cylinders and becomes re-liquefied. If the temperature of the expanding
carbon dioxide in cylinder 1 be sufficiently low, the compressed carbon dioxide will
be re-liquefied in the jacket of this cylinder consequently there yielding its latent
heat. If however the temperature be not sufficiently low for this purpose in
cylinder 1, it will be so in one or other of the subsequent cylinders 2 or 3.
I take advantage of the expansive property possessed by liquid carbon dioxide
under the influence of changes of temperature, which is about four times as great
as that of ordinary air, (thus making it an exceedingly sensitive medium to such
changes) to cause the carbon dioxide whilst in the liquid state, to circulate through
the pipes 14, 14" and the jackets of the heat restorer and motor cylinders as indicated
by the dotted arrows, and thus conveying heat generated by the compression of the
carbon dioxide in the heat restorers to the expanding, and consequently cooling,
carbon dioxide, in the motor cylinders, the circulation being maintained by the
varying degrees of density and rarefaction caused by similarly varying degrees of
cold and heat in the motor and heat restorers respectively.
It will however be understood that by carefully regulating the point of cut off of
the motive fluid to the motor cylinder, and by carefully making the size of the motor
cylinder and the size of the heat restorer pro rata to each other, it is possible to
dispense with the circulating pipes 14 and 14", because as the carbon dioxide dilates
in the motor cylinder it will of course cool and become of a density corresponding
to its temperature and pressure, and as it is re-compressed in the heat restorer it
will become re-heated, but as the carbon dioxide is forced from the heat restorer
through the pipe 12 to the jacket of the motor cylinder where it becomes liquefied,
receiving only the necessary compression to effect its liquefaction, and wherein it
parts with its latent heat or heat of liquefaction and part of its sensible heat to the
motor cylinder, it will be seen that the exhaust carbon dioxide from the heat
restorer is alone practically capable of carrying over the heat due to its compression
thereby enabling the circulating pipes 14, 14 to be dispensed with.
In the arrangements above described I have only made use of one circulating
system of carbon dioxide both as the motor and heat conveying agency, but two
separate systems of liquid or fluid might be used, one acting as the heat transferring
medium and the other as the recipient of such heat which by absorption in the motor
cylinders becomes converted into mechanical energy.
The gas generator may be variously constructed. That shewn in Fig. 2 consists
of a strong metal vessel 15 formed with circulating tubes 16, and, it may be, with
steel or other circumferential ribs 17 cach to increase its strength and heating
surface. Internal and external belts and projections may also be used for the same
purpose. The belts may be cast on or put on separately. 13 is an inlet pipe and
8 an outlet pipe for carbon dioxide, and 15* is a gauge glass. The vessel 15 is
arranged within another vessel 18 having inlet and outlet pipes 19 and 20, and
through which fluid at a suitable temperature may be caused to flow for the purpose
of heating the vessel 15 and evaporating the carbon dioxide therein.
The fluid which may be air, or water mixed with calcic chloride (CaCl₂), may, by
loss of heat to the evaporating carbon dioxide in the generator, be cooled to such
an extent if desired, that in the case of water, it can be converted into ice which
may be allowed to form in a vessel separate from the generator, and in the case of
air can be cooled sufficiently for refrigerating purposes.

page_text: A suitable construction of combined motor and heat restorer for carrying out my
invention, is illustrated in Figs. 3 to 12 inclusive. 1 is the motor cylinder carried
by a bed plate 21 and having its piston rod secured to a cross head 22 that is con-
nected to the crank shaft 23 by a connecting rod consisting of a pair of rods 24 and
coupling piece 25. It is surrounded by a casing 1* into which it is tightly fitted at
the parts 26, 26", and 26, and with which it forins annular spaces or jackets 27, 27"ª
that are in communication by passages 28 and 28" with inlet and outlet pipes 14
and 14 (Figs. 34 and 5) respectively, whereby heating fluid can be caused to
circulate through the jackets. The exterior of the motor cylinder is corrugated
at 27 to increase its heating surface. 1 is an opening through the wall of the
motor cylinder and its casing in which a lubricator.1° (Figs. 3 and 4) is fixed to
admit lubricant to the motor cylinder. 1', 1' are openings for the attachment of
indicators when necessary. The piston rod is made in two hollow parts 29, 29", one
of which (29) works through a gland at 30 and a closed or other tube 31 and is
secured to one end of a rod 32 that extends through the other part 29 to which it
is secured by nuts 33. The piston consists of two cup leathers 34 or equivalents
and a metal ring 35, and is clamped between the two parts 29, 29ª as shewn, the
arrangement being such that the cup leathers can be readily tightened up or
renewed when necessary. The motor cylinder is provided at each end with an inlet
passage 34" controlled by an inlet valve at 35 (Figs. 3 and 4) and with an
exhaust passage 36 controlled by an exhaust valve at 37. These valves and the
mechanism for operating them may be of the Corliss type, the mechanism being
operated from the crank shaft 23 by the eccentric 38, rod 39 and lever arm 40,
The heat restorer + is like the motor cylinder, constructed with annular spaces or
jackets 50, 50", corrugated exterior 51, inlet passages 52 and outlet passages 52ª for
entrance and exit of heat absorbing fluid to and from the jackets, and an opening 14
for lubricator 1°. Its end covers 53 are each formed with a passage 54 that serves
alternately as a suction and delivery passage for carbon dioxide, and is controlled
by combined suction and delivery valves 55 and 56 shewn separately in Figs. 10, 11
and 12. These valves are arranged to work vertically in a casing 57 formed with
inlet and outlet passages 58 and 59 respectively, and with an opening 60 that is
placed in line with the lower end of the passage 54 when the case is secured to the
cylinder cover. The valve case is provided with unions at 61 and 62 of ordinary
construction for connecting the inlet and outlet passages with suction and delivery
pipes 63 and 64 respectively. 65 and 66 are stops to limit the opening movement
of the suction and delivery valves respectively.
The pistou of the heat restorer consists of two cup leathers 67 or equivalents and
a metal ring 68 that are clamped between the enlarged inner ends of two concentric
rods 69, 69 by nuts 70. The outer rod 69 forms the piston rod and is secured to
the crosshead 22 as shewn, so as to be worked therefrom.
11 the
12 a pipe
8 is the inlet pipe for admitting motive fluid to the motor cylinder.
exhaust pipe connected to the two suction pipes 63 of the heat restorer.
conveying the recompressed carbon dioxide from the heat restorer to the jacket or
jackets of the motor cylinder or cylinders. 13 a pipe conveying the reliquefied carbon
dioxide after the heat has been absorbed from it in the motor cylinder or cylinders,
to the gas generator; and 14, 14ª circulating pipes connecting the jackets of the
motor and heat restorers as described. The pipes and heat restorers may be
lagged or otherwise, where necessary to prevent radiation or absorption of heat.
The combined motor and heat restorer shewn in Figs. 3 to 12 inclusive, may be
used alone, the carbon dioxide exhausting from the motor cylinder, passing to the
heat restorer and thence through the jacket of the motor cylinder to the gas
generator. At the same time there is a circulation of carbon dioxide from the
jacket of the motor cylinder to the jacket of the heat restorer carrying heat from
the latter to the former. Or two, three or more of such motors and heat restorers
may be combined together to form a compound motor as shewn diagrammatically
in Fig. 1
In Fig. 13 each of the hollow parts 29, 29ª of the motor pistons, excepting those

page_text: in the heat extractors 1", of which two are here shewn, is made to serve in cou-
junction with a stationary piston 68, as a heat restorer for compressing the carbon
dioxide, which enters and leaves the heat restorer thus formed, through a passage
which extends through the piston 68 and its rod, and is controlled by combined
suction and delivery valves at 10*. No. 3. or the low pressure motor cylinder may
be constructed with or without an internal heat restorer having stationary pistons.
If without, the fluid is recompressed into the internal heat restorer of No. 2.
Figs. 14, 15 and 16 illustrate a suitable construction to adopt in carrying out this
modified construction of combined motor and heat restorer. 29 and 29 are the two
hollow parts of one of the piston rods between which the cup leathers 34 or
equivalents and ring 35 forming the motor piston may be secured in the manner
shewn.
1 is the motor cylinder, part only of which is shown, but which may be constructed
like that shewn in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Within each part 29 29" of the piston rod,
which is connected to the cross head 22 as shewn, is fitted a heat restorer, piston
comprising a ring 68 secured to the rod 69 and a cup leather 67 which is clamped
between the ring 68 and the enlarged inner end of the rod 69" by tightening up the
nuts 70 at the outer end of rod 69. The outer rod 69 is supported at one end by
its piston, and at its other end is secured to a fixed plate 71 carried by rods 72
secured to the cover of the motor cylinder. The inner rod 69" is made hollow for
the passage of carbon dioxide to and from the heat restorer during the reciprocation
of the motor piston, and to the plate 73 fixed to its outer end, is secured a valve
case containing the suction and delivery valves that may be like those shewn in
Figs. 10, 11 and 12.
In this arrangement part of the heat produced by the compression of the carbon
dioxide is transferred to the carbon dioxide expanding in the motor cylinder through
the metal of the piston rod which separates the heat restorer from the motor
cylinder. The latent heat is also absorbed by the carbon dioxide expanding in the
motor cylinders from the liquefying carbon dioxide which is passing around the
jackets of the same previous to its entering a pump by which it is passed in the liquid
state to the generator.
Having now particularly described and explained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The method of converting heat into work which consists in imparting the heat
to a fluid of the kind herein referred to, passing the motive fluid thus obtained
through a motor wherein it is allowed to expand and perform work, compressing
(for re-use) the exhaust fluid from the motor, and transferring heat produced by
said compression & liquefaction to the motive fluid that is on its way to the motor
or which is in the motor, substantially as described.
2. In the method of converting heat into work according to the preceding claim,
heating the fluid whilst it is in a liquid state so as to transform it into gas, and
further heating the gas thus obtained substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
3. In the method of converting heat into work according to Claim 1, heating the
fluid whilst in a liquid state in the gas generator, by means of water or air and
utilizing the cooling action of the evaporating fluid to cool the said water or air to
a sufficient degree to enable it to be used for refrigerating purposes substantially as
herein described.
4. For converting heat into work according to the method referred to in Claim 1,
apparatus comprising a gas generator, with or without super-heater, a fluid pressure
motor, and a heat restorer these being connected by suitable pipes and the arrange-
ment being such that gas under pressure produced in the gas generator from fluid
of the kind herein referred to, can pass into the motor and perform work, and the
fluid exhausting from the motor can be recompressed and returned to the gas
generator, and the heat produced by such compression and liquefaction of the

page_text: gas can be transferred by circulation to the fluid whilst on its way to the motor or
whilst it is in the motor substantially as herein described.
5. Constructing the cylinders of the motor and heat restorer referred to in the
preceding claim with external corrugations and with one or more jackets, and con-
necting such jackets by circulating pipes so that fluid of the kind herein referred
to can circulate through said jackets and pipes and transfer heat from the heat
restorer or restorers to the motor cylinder or cylinders substantially as herein
described for the purpose specified.
6. In apparatus for converting heat into work in the manner herein described, a
combined motor and heat restorer constructed arranged and operating substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to and shewn in Figs. 3 to 9 inclusive of
the drawings annexed, or modified according to Figs. 14, 15 and 16.
7. Apparatus for converting heat into work, constructed arranged and operating
substantially as herein before described with reference to and shewn in Fig. 1, or
modified according to Fig. 13 of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 28th day of March 1802
J. A. PARKINSON.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Applicant's Agent.