IMPROVEMENTS IN ASCERTAINING AND REGIS- TERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING OR QUITTING OMNIBUSES OR OTHER VEHICLES OR VESSELS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TRY WWAYS AD TV BADM MA Rerence AD OTHER PLACES"
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Stewart Kincaid, of Dublin, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ASCERTAINING AND REGIS-
TERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING OR QUITTING OMNIBUSES OR
OTHER VEHICLES OR VESSELS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
TRY WWAYS AD TV BADM MA Rerence AD OTHER PLACES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Stewart
Kincaid at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th January 1853.
I, JAMES STEWART KINCAID, of Dublin, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ASCERTAINING AND
REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING OR QUITTING OMNIBUSES
OR OTHER VEHICLES OR VESSELS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE IN
WHOLE OR IN PART TO BUILDINGS OR OTHER PLACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the adaptation and application to omnibuses
and other uses of a particular construction of turnstile and counting
apparatus, by means of which the number of persons passing through
the same in either direction may be ascertained and registered.

page_text: This turnstile is double or formed with two vertical shafts or axes
united in their action by an endless chain passing round a boss or collar
on each, and regulated in their motions by a spring similarly connected
to each; one of these shafts or axes passes into a box or case containing
the counting apparatus, which consists of the following mechanism :-
On the top of the upright shaft or axis is mounted a bevil wheel
taking into a bevil pinion on a horizontal shaft carrying a worm which
takes into a worm wheel on the same axis with the unit indicator. In
this manner the motion of the shaft or axis of the turnstile is indicated
and registered by means of another dial. On the back of the bevil
wheel on the shaft of the turnstile is fixed a ratchet, which by means of
a pall or click prevents the shaft from turning farther than is intended
in one direction, but allows it to turn in the opposite direction. On
.another shaft in the same line with that of the turnstile is fixed another
bevil wheel, also taking into the bevil pinion above named. This latter
bevil wheel is also furnished with a ratchet and pall or click for the same
purpose as that above described, but the teeth of the ratchet are formed
so as to act in the opposite direction. Thus, whether the turnstile be
moved backward or forward, the requisite movement is communicated
to the unit indicator.
The turnstile and counting apparatus thus constituted may be varied
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Stewart Kincaid in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES STEWART KINCAID, of Dublin, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of January, in the year
of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Stewart Kincaid, Her special license that
I, the said James Stewart Kincaid, my executors, administrators, and

page_text: assigns, or such others as I, the said James Stewart Kincaid, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ASCERTAINING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING OR
QUITTING OMNIBUSES OR OTHER VEHICLES OR VESSELS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE IN WHOLE OR IN PART TO BUILDINGS OR OTHER PLACES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Stewart
Kincaid, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Stewart Kincaid, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon.
(that is to say):
My Invention of "Improvements in Ascertaining and Registering the
Number of Persons Entering or Quitting Omnibuses or other Vehicles
or Vessels, which Improvements are applicable in whole or in part to
Buildings or other Places," has for its object the adaptation and appli-
cation to such uses of a particular construction of turnstile and counting
apparatus, designed to occupy less space than ordinary turnstiles in the
doorway of a vehicle or in other places where the saving of space is an
object; the counting apparatus also occupying less space than usual, and
being conveniently placed out of the way of injury.
And this object is accomplished by constructing the turnstile in two
parts, and placing one part on each side of the doorway of the vehicle
or other passage, so that the arm on each side may not extend across
the same so great a distance, nor occupy so great a space in working, as
is necessary when the turnstile is formed with a single arm extending
into the doorway or passage, and turning on a single pivot.

page_text: My Invention may be carried into effect by means of different
mechanism, but I will describe two arrangements of the same that may
be found useful for the
purpose.
"
Under the first arrangement each arm is mounted on a tube which
-turns on a vertical stationary shaft or pivot, both of which tubes are
united in their action by means of an endless chain passing round a
boss or collar on cach, and regulated in their motion by a spring
similarly connected to each, and which spring has also the effect of
making the turnstiles move through a fixed space, for instance, through
-a quarter revolution when the boss is rectangular, the arms being pushed
through one half quarter revolution or more, and the spring moving
them the remainder. In this manner the two arms or two turnstiles
are made to act as one. The counting apparatus is connected with and
acted upon by one of the vertical tubes which passes into the box of
case containing the same. This box or case is placed on one side of
the doorway over the vertical pivot.
In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood, I
proceed to describe the mechanism more particularly by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1, in Sheet 1, of the Drawings, is an elevation of the apparatus
shewn as applied to the doorway of an omnibus. a, a, are the door posts.
'b, b, are the two arms of the turnstile, or the two turnstiles, which may
be turned with the tubes c, c, on the upright stationary shafts c', c',
which run through them, and turn in, and are fastened to the door posts
of the omnibus at c, c, and thus serve to make the whole firm. The
turnstiles are fastened to the tubes c, c. These two tubes c, c, are united
in their action by means of the endless chain d, passing round a boss or
collar on each of them. e, is a spring working against bosses on both
tubes for the purpose of regulating the tension on the same, and bringing
the turnstiles to rest after being moved or turned. f, is the box or case
containing the counting apparatus. g, is a ladder or steps leading to the
top of the omnibus.
Figs. 2, and 3, are representations. on an enlarged scale of the
counting apparatus; Fig. 2, being a side elevation, and Fig. 3, shewing
the interior of the box or case. On reference to Fig. 3, it will be seen
that one of the upright tubes c, extends into the box or case f, and has

page_text: near its end a bevil wheel h, taking into a bevil pinion i, half the
diameter of. h, on the horizontal shaft k, on which is formed a worm,
taking into a worm wheel m, on the same axis with the unit indicator,
which is connected with the usual train of gearing for indicating and
registering the number of motions of the turnstile. On the back of the
wheel h, is fixed a ratchet wheel n, acted on by means of a pall or click
o, the use of which is herein-after explained. Higher up on the tube'c,
is another bevil wheel p, of the same size as the wheel h, and which also
takes into the bevil pinion i. On this wheel p, is also fixed a ratchet q,
with a pall or click r, for the same purpose as n, and o, but in this case
the teeth of the ratchet are formed so as to act in a direction opposite
to those on the ratchet n. The bevil wheels h, and p, are not fastened
to the tubo c, but are supported by shoulders formed thereon.
The operation is as follows:-When an inside passenger is entering
at the doorway of an omnibus, or an outside passenger is ascending by
the ladder or steps g, he gives the turnstile or turnstiles a quarter
revolution, and the same takes place on the exit or descent of .a
passenger. By this means the wheel h, or the wheel p, is turned,
which wheel communicates motion through the pinion i, to the worm l,
and worm wheel m, on the axle of the unit indicator; so that by the
entrance and exit, or the ascent and descent of each
passenger, half.a
mark or space is indicated on the unit dial; the continuation of en-
trances and exits being indicated and registered through another index
or other indices in the ordinary manner. Thus, the entrance and exit
of each person make, taken together, one whole mark, each quarter
movement of the turnstiles in either direction indicating half a mark on
the unit dial. The wheels p, and h, are supported by shoulders on the
tube c, and turn loosely thereon. When this casing or tube is turned
in one direction one of the palls or clicks engages with the teeth of its
ratchet wheel, and moves it round with the wheel to which it is at-
tached; this wheel gearing. with the bevil pinion i, causes the worm
shaft to turn, and the other bevil wheel turns loosely in its bearing,
meeting with no resistance from its pall, and when the tube is turned
in the opposite direction the other click comes into action.. Thus the
worm shaft is equally affected in whichever way the arms b, b, of the
tairnstile are turned:

page_text: I proceed now to describe another arrangement of mechanism by
which my Invention may be carried into effect. In applying this
mechanism to omnibuses I propose that the turnstile on each side of
the doorway should have four arms, but I do not confine myself to
this number. The mechanism now to be described is represented in
Sheet 2, of the Drawings at Figs. 4, to 7. Fig. 4, shews an elevation
of one turnstile as applied to the doorpost of an omnibus. Fig. 5,
shews the upper part of both turnstiles with the apparatus by which
they are united in action. A, is the arm of the turnstile; B, the
upright pivot or shaft with which it turns. This pivot or shaft B, con-
sists of an iron rod or shaft incased down to the ratchet wheel T. (here-
after mentioned) by a tube, which I prefer to be of brass, and the shaft
turns in bearings D, fixed on to the ends of brackets E, E.
In the first arrangement the turnstile was fastened to the tube
which revolved on the rod or shaft which was stationary. In this
second arrangement the turnstile is fastened to the rod or shaft which
revolves within the tube or casing. It will be scen on reference to
Fig. 5, that the bearings D, at the end of the upper brackets E, are
formed so as to act also as bearings for the horizontal shaft G, by
which the two upright pivots or shafts B, are united in action through
the bevil wheels H, H. On this shaft G, is mounted a clutch box I, K,
one part of which I, is keyed to the shaft, the other K being loose so
that the shaft may turn without it, but prevented from turning by
means of a pin and slot as at L. To the back of this part K, is fixed
the end of a spiral spring M, the other end of which rests against a
moveable nut N. By this means the proper tension on the pivots or
shafts B, B, is regulated, and the turnstile or turnstiles brought to rest
after being turned. The operation by means of this mechanism is as
follows: the inside passengers are counted or registered as they leave
the omnibuses, and the outside passengers as they ascend it, by micans
of a ladder or steps, as in Fig. 1, with a guide rail, between which and
one of the upright pivots or shafts B, the passengers must pass, and
thereby turn the projecting arm of the turnstile.
The effect of this motion of the turnstile is conveyed to the counting
apparatus through the following mechanism:-There is a wheel O,
resting on the upper bearing D, of one of the lower brackets E, but

page_text: not fixed. Its outer edge is notched, or has ratchet teeth formed upon
it, as shewn at Fig. 6, where this wheel is shewn in plan view on a
larger scale. A spring P, by pressing against the teeth, prevents the
wheel from turning when a passenger enters the vehicle. On the upper
side of the wheel O, are teeth which take into another wheel Q, which
is. vertical and of half the diameter of the wheel O, and is fixed on the
horizontal shaft R, mounted in bearings S, S, (see Fig. 4.) The
wheel O, has also fixed to its upper side two palls or clicks U, U,
pressed by two springs V, V, against a small ratchet wheel T, which
lics within them, but is not fixed to the wheel O. The upright rod or
shaft passes through these two wheels, and is fastened to the ratchet
wheel T, but not to the wheel O; so that while the wheel T, moves
backwards and forwards with the rod and turnstile, the wheel O is
only turned in one direction by means of the clicks U, U, and is pre-
vented from turning in the opposite direction by the spring P. On
the end of the horizontal shaft R, is fixed a small pinion W, just on
the inside of the door post, and this pinion actuates the counting
apparatus, which is represented in full size in the Diagram, Fig. 7.
The pinion W, takes into a wheel X, of ten times its diameter, turn-
ing on a fixed pivot Y, and has round its centre ten pins which work
on a wheel Z. This wheel is fixed on a shaft, on one end of which
is an indicator 1, which indicates on the larger dial divided into 60
degrees. In the circumference of this wheel Z, is a pin 2, which
acts upon a small star wheel 3, moving forward one tooth at each
revolution of the wheel Z. This small wheel 3, has connected with it
the small dial marked in degrees from 60 to 600, one of which num-
bers is always made to appear through a hole just above the larger
dial plate by the spring 4, acting on the teeth of the small wheel 8.
The plate on which the larger dial is painted, and through which the
hole is made for one number of the small dial to appear, is omitted in
the Drawing in order to shew the wheels beneath it.
This clockwork will count 600 passengers, and then does not require
to be set, but begins again. At the end of the day's work the number
indicated must be taken, but if the highest daily number be over 600,
then the clockwork must be made to indicate a higher number, or the
dial must be looked at more frequently.

page_text: The clockwork above described may be placed in the panel of the
omnibus with the dial towards the outside, and opposite to it a hole
may be cut in the panel, and a door with a lock and key inserted; on
the inside the clockwork should be protected by a brass plate.
In applying turnstiles, as above described, to vessels, public buildings,
or other places, the same general arrangements may with slight modi-
fications be adapted to such uses. *
. Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood, that
I do not mean or intend to confine myself to the mechanism described
in all its details. But what I claim as of my Invention is, the adapta-
tion and application to omnibuses or other vehicles of the turnstile in
two parts, or two turnstiles, as described; also the general arrangement
of mechanism described when adapted and applied to other uses.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Stewart Kincaid, have herc-
unto set my hand and affixed, my seal, this Eleventh day of
July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JAMES STEWART KINCAID. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the within-
named James Stewart Kincaid, in the
presence of
WILLIAM BUSBY, of Liverpool, Gentleman,
THOMAS BIRCH, of Liverpool, Book-keeper.