IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AS APPLIED TO RAILWAY TRAINS AND FIXED STATIONS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Lloyd Price, of Beaufort, in the County of
Brecknock, Electrical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AS APPLIED
TO RAILWAY TRAINS AND FIXED STATIONS."
Sealed the 17th June 1856, and dated the 18th December 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Lloyd Price at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1855.
.I, DAVID LLOYD PRICE, of Beaufort, in the County of Brecknock, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AS
APPLIED TO RAILWAY TRAINS AND FIXED STATIONS, to be as follows:-
My improvements in electric telegraphs, in the first place, have reference to
the connections between the carriages in the line of communication or electrio
circuit between distant points of a railway train. For this purpose, I employ
a coiled spring, similar to a clock spring, but which has a tendency to recoil
and draw itself within a small circular case fixed to the carriage. A suitable
connection is attached to the end of this spring to connect it to a similar spring
in the carriage to be united. As steel is the metal best adapted for this spring
connection, I use that metal, and tin or galvanize it to prevent the action of

page_text: the weather on it when pulled out. The circular spring case is furnished with
a hood or cap, placed over the opening through which the spring enters,
covering it, and extending some distance from the case, in order to prevent
the wet entering. When two or more wires of communication are required,
I employ a recoil spring, similar to an ordinary clock spring, but which does
not in itself form an electrical conductor. The conducting wires to form the
junction are insulated, and enclosed in gutta percha or other suitable pliant
material, and are wound on a spindle caused to rotate by the recoil of the
spring. At the junction end the wires are each furnished with a separate
connecting piece, by which it is attached to a separate and suitable connection
to the carriage to be united. The opposite ends of the wires nearest the
spindle communicate each with a light metal spring, the opposite ends of which
springs are attached to the line wires of the carriages; these light springs
coil up and uncoil with the revolution of the main spindle, and at all times
maintain electrical communication with the fixed and coiled wires leading to
the opposite ends of the carriages. By this means two or more line wires may
he connected by pulling out a single strap or by a single pull..
1. Another part of my improvements consist in forming the immediate points
of junction of the connections between rail carriages, so as to have a double
locking, or hold the one part with the other when united. Each terminal
consists of a metal plate, having a round hole and slot for the reception of a
headed pin, the head passing through the round hole, and the neck fitting the
slot when drawn back; these pins project on each side of the plate, and the
two connecting plates, forming a pair, are precisely similar, so that the pin of
each plate enters the slot of the other plate simultaneously, and forms a double
connection, and this, irrespective of which plate is placed uppermost, by reason
of the pins projecting on both sides of such connecting plates.
My improvements in the telegraph instruments are such that I am enabled
to work a bell and needle telegraph by means of one line wire, that is to say,
one out and one return current; for which purpose I arrange two precisely
similar batteries at distant points, both to act as local and sending batteries,
and which may be both put into action from either station. To produce
audible signals, I employ the self-acting bell telegraph, causing the bell to be
sounded by the local battery, but putting it into operation by the sending
batterie. For this purpose I place an electro-magnet in the circuit of the
sending battery, which, when excited by the current of that battery, draws up
its armature, and by that means establishes the circuit of the local battery at
the receiving station, which, by the action of the bell electro-magnet, sets the'
bell ringing. The drawing up of this armature also at the same time with-

page_text: draws a piece of gutta percha or leather from between the hammer and bell,
which is inserted to prevent the accidental ringing of the bell from local
motion, as in a train. Instead of the electro-magnet and armature to establish
the circuit of the local battery.and to withdraw the piece of leather, I some-
times use a needle, and deflect it by the passing current. When the current
of the sending battery ceases, the armature recoils and the circuit of the local
battery is broken.. I further form a break in the circuit of the local battery
by means of a spring, which has a permanent tendency to maintain the
circuit, but which may be pressed back by the attendant by a thumb knob,
and thus suspend the action of the local battery and bell while he is receiving
a communication by the needle of the instrument actuated by the current of
the sending battery.
A further improvement consists in fixing the handle (which is of metal) of
the instrument by a metal pin, by which a double junction at the break in the
circuit is made, thereby insuring the completion of the circuit, which is so
retained as long as such pin holds the telegraph handle in the position in which
it is placed. This metal holding pin is inserted in holes which have metallic
connection with the electric circuit, which is also the case with the handle of
the instrument. Fixing the handle in the position to insure the action of the
telegraph gives the attendant opportunity of attending to other matters at
the same time the telegraph is sounding the alarum and producing a visible
signal by the needle at the distant instrument.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Lloyd Price in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th June 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, DAVID
LLOYD PRICE, of Beaufort, in the County of Brecknock, Electrical Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the.
said David Lloyd Price, Her special licence that I, the said David Lloyd.
Price, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
David Lloyd Price, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any

page_text: time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AS APPLIED TO
RAILWAY TRAINS AND PIXED STATIONS, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said David Lloyd Price, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Lloyd Price, do hereby declare
the nature of iny said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the two Sheets of Drawings liercunto
äiinexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My improvements in electric telegraphs, in the first place; have reference to
the connections between the carriages in the line of communication or electric
circuit between distant points of a railway train. For this purpose I employ
à coiled spring, similar to a clock spring, but which has a tendency to recoil
and draw itself within a small circular case fixed to the carriage. A suitable
connection is attached to the end of this spring to connect it to a similar spring
on the carriage to be united. As steel is the best metal adapted for this spring
connection, I use that metal, and tin or galvanize it to prevent the action of
the atmosphere on such springs. The circular spring case is furnished with a
hood or cap, placed over the opening through which the spring enters, covering
it, and extending some distance from the case, in order to prevent the wet
entering.
When two or more wires of communication are required, I employ a recoil
spring, ; similar to an ordinary clock spring, but which does not in itself form an
electrical conductor. The conducting wires to form the junction are insulated,
and enclosed in gutta percha or other suitable pliant material, and are wound
on à spindle of reel, caused to rotate by the recoil of the spring at the junction,
and the wires are each furnished with a separate connecting piece, by which it
is attached to a separate and suitable connection to the carriage to be united.
The opposite ends of the wires nearest the spindle communicate each with
slight metal springs; the opposite ends of each are attached to the line wires of
the carriages; these light springs coil up and uncoil with the revolution of the

page_text: main reel or spindle, and at all times maintain electrical communication
between the fixed and coiled wires; by this means two or more line wires may
be connected by pulling out a single strap or by a single pull.
Another part of my improvements consist in forming the immediate points
of junction of the connections between rail carriages, so as to have a double
Jocking, or hold the one part with the other when united. Each terminal
consists of a metal plate, having a round hole and slot for the reception of a
headed pin, the head passing through the round hole, and the neck fitting the
slot when drawn back. These pins project on each side of the plate, and the
two connecting plates, forming a pair, are precisely similar, so that the pin of
each plate enters the slot of the other plate simultaneously, forming a double
connection, and this, irrespective of which plate is placed uppermost, by reason
of the pins projecting on both sides of such connecting plates.
actuated
My improvements in the telegraph instruments and conducting parts
connected therewith are such, that I am enabled to work a bell and needle
telegraph by means of one line wire, (that is to say) one out and one return
current; for which purpose I arrange two precisely similar batteries at dis-
tant, points, both to act as local and sending batteries, and which may be
both put into action from either end of a railway train or station. To
produce audible signals, I employ the centrifugal, bell hammer, act
ated.by.a
train of wheels, but detached and set in motion by the electric current;
or the self-acting bell telegraph may be used, causing the bell to be
sounded by the local battery, but thrown into action by the operation of
the sending battery. For this purpose I place an electro-magnet in the
circuit of the sending battery, which, when excited by the current of that
battery, draws up its armature, and by that means, establishes the circuit of
the local battery, at, the receiving station, and by the action of the bell electro-
magnet withdraws the detent from, the centrefugal bell train and
sets the
bell ringing. If the self-acting bell be used, the drawing up of this armature
may at the same time withdraw a piece of gutta percha or leather from
between the hammer and bell, which is, inserted to prevent accidental
ringing, of, the self-acting bell. When the current of the sending battery is
suspended, the armature recoils, and the circuit of the local battery is broken.
I further form a break in the circuit of the local battery by means of a spring,
which has a permanent tendency to maintain the circuit; but, which may be
pressed back by the attendant at the receiving instrument by a thumb knob,
and thus suspend the action of the local battery and, bell while, he. is receiving
a communication by the needle of the instrument actuated by the current of
the sending battery.

page_text: A further improvement consists in fixing the handle or pointer of the instru-
ment, which is of metal, by a metal pin, by which a double junction at the
break in the circuit is made, thereby insuring the completion of the circuit,
'which is so retained so long as such pin holds the telegraph handle in the
position in which it is placed. This metal holding pin is inserted in a hole or
'holes which have metallic connection with the electric circuit, which is also the
case with the handle of the instrument.
Fixing the handle in the position to insure the action of the telegraph gives
the attendant opportunity of attending to other matters at the same time the
telegraph is sounding the alarm at the distant instrument.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Sheet A, represents a side view of the spring connection to form
the junction between railway carriages; Figure 2, a similar view, with side
of case removed; and Figure 3, a plan of the same, shewing the position. of
two connections as placed on the end of a railway carriage as fixed by brackets
A, A; B, B, is the circular case, of zinc or other suitable material, in which the
coiled spring E is placed. This spring is attached to the fixed axis C, and
forms an electric communication by the bracket B to line wire D. The spring
E has a constant tendency to coil itself within the case, but may be pulled out
to a considerable extent by the connection F. The hood G is placed over the
spring opening in the case B to prevent the wet entering.
My improvements in the connecting pieces F, F, which are attached to the
spring E, are further represented at Fig. 4 and 5, consist in the arrangement
of the parts which effect a double locking when united, and thereby ensure
with more certainty the perfection of the circuit. Each plate F has a short
hole a, with an enlargement 6, for the entrance of the pin head c of the opposite
plate F (which is precisely similar). After the heads of pins C, C, pass through
holes b, b, the necks of those pins enter the slots a, a, by drawing the plates in
opposite directions, and are so held by the coiled springs of each. One of the
plates F may be fixed, while the other only is furnished with the recoil spring,
which, however, may be of sufficient length in itself to accommodate the
distance between the ends of the carriages of the train.
It will be observed in Figure 3 that there are two spring junctions placed
together on one carriage, which are necessary to form the communication of
the second wire to complete the circuit, and which necessitates pulling out the
springs at two separate times between each carriage. To obviate this, I have
represented another arrangement of the conduct wires or parts, as represented
in Fig. 6, 7, and 8, by which at a single pull the two connections may be

page_text: made at the same time. For this purpose I employ a spring reel G supported
on a bracket H fixed to the railway carriage. Fig. 6 represents a side view
of this reel; Fig. 7, a lateral vertical section; and Fig. 8, a plan of the same.
The reel G has a spring I in the centre, which is fixed at one end to the axis
L, and at the other to the boss or centre of the reel, on which a strap K of
gutta percha or other suitable material is wound up. The spring I has a
constant tendency to keep the strap wound up on the reel, and keeps it so
unless overcome by a superior force to draw it out. The strap is conducted
between two rollers e, e, to secure sufficient freedom in running in and out.
Two conducting wires f. f, are embedded in the gutta percha, and each united
with its respective terminal plate F, which are the same as before described,
but both secured to a rigid piece of wood 5, or other suitable non-conducting
material, or otherwise properly insulated.
The reel G is made in two parts G and G', insulated from each other in the
middle, as between the dotted lines g, g, so that the wires F, F, communicate
the one with G and the other with G'. On the exterior of the reel very light
springs h h, are placed outside the real, connected at one end to rings or
bosses i, i, of G and G, while the opposite ends of such springs are connected
with the line wires D, D, care being taken that these springs and wires are
properly insulated from the bracket and from each other. During the turned
round of the reel by the winding up or unwinding of the gutta percba strap
the springs h, h, coil up or uncoil themselves, but at all times maintain metallic
connection. By this means the two plates F, F, Figure 8; may be united to
two similar plates at a single operation ог pull of the straps K.
My improvements in the telegraph instruments, whereby I am enabled to
communicate from one point or station to another point or station distant from
the first by both the bell and needle telegraph, and to keep such communica-
tions at all times open both ways by means of two line wires, or one electric
circuit, consists principally in the arrangement and construction of the key,
whereby the currents are controlled and the signals made; 'and in the
connections therewith.
Figure 9 represents a front view of a telegraph instrument, having only
the audible signal apparatus, in which the key, before alluded to, and its
arrangements and mode of acting, are somewhat more simple then when both
bell and needle are combined. Figure 10 represents a view of the interior
of the. instrument, looking towards the front; and Figure 11, a plan of the
same.
Two precisely similar instruments are placed at each of the points of
communication, each furnished with a battery. L is the local battery of the

page_text: instrument shown, the one pole of which is in connection with the bracket
spring M by its wires k, k, while the other pole is in connection with what I
term the key N by means of the wires u, u. The key N is mounted on a
spindle p. passing through the front. of the instrument, to which spindle the
handle O is affixed A section. of the key is represented in Fig. 12, Sheet A.
It consists of a cylindrical piece of metal 1, 1, in one piece with the spindle p, p,
from which piece l, l, three pins project radially, two of which 9 and r have
metallic contact with 1,1, but the third pins is insulated from 1, but in metallic
connection with pin t, which is in communication with battery. L, before
mentioned. P is the bell, and Q:the centrifugal hammer; it is actuated by a
spring and train of wheels R, which is wound up as required; when the train
of wheels is released, the balls rotate on the vertical axis S, and as one strikes
the bell it recedes a little towards the axis S to permit its passing the bell; the
other then comes round and repeats the blow, while the other which before
receded is. throw, off from the centre (by the centrifugal force) in readiness to
strike at the next revolution. This striking and ringing of the bell is kept up
so long as the detent is withdrawn from the train of wheels, which is effected
by the electro-magnet T, actuated by the current, as will be herein-after
described. The handle.O of the instrument in a state of rest is constantly held
in the vertical position by the spring U; in this position the key, with its
several pins, q, r, and s, will be as represented in the outline, and in a position
to receiveia communication: The dotted position shews the movement that
takes place when making a communication to the other end of the train or
line. A spring. V fixed to a bracket is adjusted by a set screw v; .this forms
the terminal of the line D, where the break occurs in the circuit of the local
battery. The end of the wire D' is placed.in connection with the spindle prof
the key 'N, by fixing it to the metal plate w, Fig. 12, in which it works; or it
may terminate in a coil which winds round the spindle, like the wire or metal
strip uconnected to pin t, and so permit free motion of the key, and at same
time maintain perfect metallic connection.
1
When a signal is received from the distant station or point of the railway
train "the current enters by wire D. and passes to spring :V, thence through
screw by wire to the electro-magnet T; it then proceeds through wire y
to bracket z,.the-spring of which rests on. pin q of the key N, and maintains
metallic connection therewith; the current passes thence through. spindle pa
by plate w to the line wire D', and so returns to the distant battery. The
current passing through the electro-maguet T excites that magnet, and the
armature W is thereby attracted; the opposite end of the lever X, which
carries the armature W, forms the detent of the hammer train, which is

page_text: released when the armature is so attracted; the hammer is thus set in motion,
and the bell sounded, and so producing the required signal.
The lever X is kept up to the detent of the train by a slight spring X';
which gives way when the armature is attracted by the magnet T. In making
a communication with this instrument, the handle o is pushed to the left, when
the key N will assume the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 10. This
motion withdraws the pin q from contact with the spring of 2', brings down the
spring V by contact of pin s; which thereby establishes metallic communication
with N, and at the same breaking its contact with v, the pin is simultaneously
brought into contact with spring M. The circuit of battery E will thus be
completed, and the current will pass by wires K, K, to 'M, into the solid part
1 of key N, and thence, by spindle p, and plate w, to wire D', by which it will
be conducted to spring V of the distant. instrument; having passed through the
electro-magnet of that instrument and produced the signal, all as herein-before
described, it returns by wire D to V of the present instrument in the position
shewn dotted; it passes by metallic contact into pin s, and thence by pin t-
and wires u, ui, to the other pole of the battery. L.. It must be observed,
that although pins s and t are fixéd firmly in the key N, they are unsulated
from the metal 1,1, of that instrument by the non-conducting medium 2, 2,
interposed between those metal conducting parts.
When handle o is pressed to the left it may be held in that position by
inserting metal pin Z in hole Y, seen in dotted circle, which establishes a
second communication between key spindle. p and plate w, the hole Y being
in that platė.
Fig. 13, Sheet B, represents the front view of an instrument which effects
the purposes of communication both by visible and audible signals, in which
the key before described is somewhat modified, and the parts arranged for the
purposes required; Fig. 14 is a tranverse section of the instrument; and
Fig. 15 shews the interior, viewed from the back, with the electro-magnet
and bell apparatus, in plan, on an enlarged scale, all connected for the sake of
clearer elucidation. N, the key of the instrument, has the handle fixed to its
spindle p, as before. A section of this key is represented at Fig. 16. It has
only two pins projecting radially, a and b. a has matallic contact, with 7, 1,
insulated therefrom, but in matallic connection with r; c, 'd; are two metal
springs fixed to brackets e, f. The upper ends of the springs c, d, press against
two fixed projecting pins g, h.
The electro-magnets with these armatures, together with their connections
and wires, are similar to 'those in ordinary use, and need not be further
described than will be necessary in tracing the course of the electro currents

page_text: in the following description:-Two precisely similar instruments are placed in
the position from which it is desired to send and receive communications by
both visible and audible signals, such positions being connected by a line wire,
and provided with a wire for the return current, or having the use of the
earth or other established media for that purpose. L is the battery of the instru-
ment represented, and, therefore, the local battery; and M, the battery at the
distant station. In receiving a communication from the distant station, the
break at that point is united, and the circuit of battery M established. The
current proceeding by wire D' enters the receiving instrument by that wire,
and proceeds to braket e, from thence it passes through spring c, and pin g,.
and, wire i connected therewith, to electro-magnet T; it then passes by wire k
to needle coil m; from this it proceeds by wire n to pin h, and thence by
d, and braket f, to the return wire D. This will deflect the needle in one
direction, and at the same time actuates the bell alarm by the electro-magnet
T, as before described, if similarly arranged. A different arrangement of the
bell apparatus is, however, here observed, which will be herein-after explained.
When it is desired to deflect the needle in the opposite direction, as is well
understood in the use deflecting needles in telegraphs, the current is transmitted
in the opposite direction, as will be understood in describing the transmission
of a signal.
In transmitting a signal, the pointer of the telegraph handle G is either
moved to the right or to the left to indicate to indicate "stop" or "go on" by
the deflection of the needle to the right or to the left at the distant station, or
by a series of deflections combined, as a code of signals to transmit intelligence,
as well understood in electric telegraph apparatus. When the pointer q is
moved to the left to indicate stop, the pin a will come in contact with c, when
the current will pass from wire s to plate w, spindle p to pin a, thence by
spring c and bracket e to D', and by it to the distant instrument, which
wire is in communication with bracket f of that instrument, through which it
-proceeds by spring d and pin h to wire n into coil m, in the opposite direction
to that before described with reference to deflecting the needle; from thence it
proceeds by wire k of that instrument through magnet T, wire i, pin g. spring c,
bracket e, and wire D, and so returns to the sending battery. On its return it
will enter at bracket f, and pass by pin 6 to pin r, and thence through strip t
and wire u to the opposite pole of battery L. By repeating the motion of the
handle G any requisite number of signals can be made, as well understood.
(Read from to of page 8 [page 11], then follow on here.)
With respect to the audible signal, it will be made in whatever direction the
current may be made to pass through the instrument. The bell may be arranged

page_text: to act by the magnet T and wire to opposite pole of battery L. The power or
the local battery being greater than the distant one, a more powerful magnet
may be used, and greater force produced to move the armature of the detent
lever W¹ to release the train of the bell hammer. The lever armature W¹ is
mounted on a fulcrum I, and pressed by a slight spring 3, to keep it in
detent of the train when magnet T¹ is not excited. The armature x is a slight
spring armature, which has a tendency to separate a short distance from the
poles of magnet T. The instrument known as the self-acting. bell may be
substituted for the centrifugal bell hammer in this instrument.. For this
purpose a spring lever armature x is used with spring y, and magnet T¹ may
be all the same, but in that instrument the circuit would pass by 2¹ into the
bracket supporting the bell haminer armature,, which is a slight spring arm,"
such as a, which effects contact with a small spring similar to y, when the
hammer recedes from the bell. This small spring continues the circuit by
wire 2 to the other pole of battery when magnet T is excited by completion.
*When the pin a presses against spring d, which is thereby pushed away
By
from pin h, the pin b at the same time comes in contact with bracket e.
this means the circuit of battery L will be established. The current from
battery L will pass by wire s into plate w to spindle p through the metal of key
1, 1, and by pin a into spring d and bracket f, and thence by wire D to distant
station, and entering the instrument there proceed through the coil and electro-
magnet, as before explained, giving effect to the bell hammer and deflecting
the needle; it returns thence by wire D¹ to bracket e, to pin b, which com-
municates (as seen in Fig. 16) with the pin r, and thence to the metal coil
and strip t to joint bracket v and wire u to opposite pole of battery L, and so
completes the circuit. When the pointer g of the instrument is moved to the
right, the pin a will push back the spring c from contact with pin g, and the
pin 6 will effect contact with bracket f. The course of the current will now be
Y. The
the opposite to that of the circuit of local battery by contact of x and
magnet T draws up hammer armature and strikes the bell, but it at the same
time breaks the circuit of local battery L, at small spring between it and pole
of the battery, This releases the hammer armature from T', which starts
back and completes the circuit which its self-action has broken, and so on,
keeps ringing the ball. To prevent accidental ringing of the self-acting
bell, if used with this instrument, a piece of leather may be attached to the
armature x, and interposed between the hammer and the bell, but so arranged
that when armature x is attracted and moved by magnet T, the piece of leather
is thereby withdrawn, and permits the free action of the hammer on the bell.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing

page_text: the same, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as my Invention is, a
coiled spring, such as represented and described with referénce to Figures 1
and 2 and 3, Sheet 4, as an electrical conductor, or connection between the
carriages of a railway train.
I also claim the combination and arrangement of parts represented and
described with reference to Figures 6, 7, and 8, Sheet B, applied as electrical
connections between railway carriages!
And, lastly, I claim the combination and arrangement of parts constituting
the key N, and the several connections therewith, as applied and used; for the
purpose of transmitting intelligence by audible and visible signals from one
part of a railway train to another, or from one telegraph station to another, by
a single circuit, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Lloyd Price, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
DD LLOYD DRIO
DD LLOYD PRICE. (L.D.)