CERTAIN NEW CONSTRUCTED APPARATUS AND PROCESSES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRACTISING IN A MANNER ENTIRELY NEW A CHYMICAL MODE OF WHITENING EVERY VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE, SUCH AS HEMP, FLAX, COTTON, WAX, AND OTHER ARTICLES AND GOODS MANUFACTURED OF THE SAME, IN SO VERY EXPEDITIOUS AND EXTENSIVE A MANNER AS TO BE OF THE GREATEST UTILITY AND ADVANTAGE TO THOSE TRADES AND MANUPATORIES WHO DEAL IN OR USE THE ABOVE ARTICLES, AND UNACCOMPANIED BY THE INCONVENIENCES WHICH HAVE ATTENDED OTHER METHODS AND PROCESSES HERETOFORE MADE USE OF
Year: 1789

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTHONY
BOURBOULON DE BONEUIL, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, 'bearing date the
Twenty-fifth day of March, in the twenty-ninth year of His reign, did give and
grant unto me, the said Anthony Bourboulon de Boneuil, His especial licence,
that I, the said Anthony Bourboulon de Boneuil, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN NEW CONSTRUCTED
APPARATUS AND PROCESSES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRACTISING IN A MANNER ENTIRELY
NEW A CHYMICAL MODE OF WHITENING EVERY VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE, SUCH AS
HEMP, FLAX, COTTON, WAX, AND OTHER ARTICLES AND GOODS MANUFACTURED OF THE
SAME, IN SO VERY EXPEDITIOUS AND EXTENSIVE A MANNER AS TO BE OF THE GREATEST
UTILITY AND ADVANTAGE TO THOSE TRADES AND MANUPATORIES WHO DEAL IN OR USE
THE ABOVE ARTICLES, AND UNACCOMPANIED BY THE INCONVENIENCES WHICH HAVE
ATTENDED OTHER METHODS AND PROCESSES HERETOFORE MADE USE OF;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Anthony
Bourboulon de Boneuil, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within three calendar months after the date of the

page_text: said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto
had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Anthony Bourboulon de Boneuil, do hereby declare that my said Invention is
described in the Plan and Description thereof hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Anthony Bourboulon de Boneuil, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twentieth day of June, One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine.
ANTHONY BOURBOULON DE BONNEUIL. (L.S.)
Previous to specifying my apparatus and processes, and to do it in such
a manner as may shew their novelty as well as their utility, and thereby
prevent the claim of others, I think it proper to make some observations, viz*:
Chymistry affords many ways of improving the arts used in preparing materials
for trade; but there is yet a great difference between the theory of the
principles that are intimated and the efficacy of their use. Experience, too,
often proves how insufficient is the theory alone, and that is not enough to
point out the line upon which we must proceed; there needs also the art of
beating the way, so that it may be pursued generally, easily, and usefully in
every respect. It is likewise known that in chymistry the success of every
theorical discovery almost always depends upon the form of the apparatus
used, and that a chymist is deemed ingenious in proportion to his skill in
devising proper apparatus, of which the choice requires no less knowledge of
both physical and chemical rules

page_text: decanters, which becomes dangerous, or at least noxious and insupportable to
the workmen. The object of my study and labor has been to remedy these
inconveniences, and likewise to discover the means of collecting the gaz
mentioned, in such a manner as it might whiten vegetable substances in a larger
way, and which should be more convenient and advantageous than that till
now used, and thus becomes a substitute for it. The success has very luckily
answered my attempts. I have first approved the mode pointed out by the
chymists above mentioned for collecting the gaz in water, by inventing the new
apparatus designed in the Plan here annexed, No. 2, which is grounded. upon
physical principles entirely different from theirs. Instead of having the water as
they do in vessels with short necks, and lying upon the ground, I keep it in
vessels with long necks, and hung up, as appears by the Plan. Further, for the
practice of this improvement and new method, I proceed as follows:-I put
the mixture of marine acid and manganese in a glass or earth retort or bottle
A (Plan No. 2) upon an ordinary furnace for distillation B, I adapt to the
mouth of the retort a glass tube C, thrust into a cock. I place the end of
this tube under the mouth of the matrass D, hung up with a trivet E, or other-
wise, and in which is contained the water destined to receive the gazeous air..
The neck F of the matrass is immersed into a small earthen pot G, which is
full of water, and has a conduit H through which the gazeous air issues with
the water into a recipient or earthen bottle I, of the same capacity with the
matrass, which, as well as the bottles, may be constructed of any other material
and form. As the neck of the matrass may be in this apparatus as long as I please,.
I am able to have such a height of column of water as is convenient; and as.
the mass of the water is hung up in equilibrium with the atmospheric air, and
the orifice of the matrass is introduced into the water of the small earthen pot
G not more than one sixth of an inch, the elastic air carrying the gazeous
air meets but with little resistance, so that it comes easily to the end of the
tube, where (by being naturally lighter than the water) it quickly runs to the
top of the matrass through the neck of it, after having by the way deposed the
gaz. The compression of the elastic air, breaking the equilibrium mentioned,
forces the water in the matrass to descend, and thus convey with it, into the
recipient I, the gaz with which it has been impregnated. It is to be observed,
I use no lute either for retort or matrass. By this mode the whitening liquor
But this my
is made without any trouble, resistance, nuisance, or loss.
improvement goes still farther, as whilst I make the liquor proper to whiten in
the mode just mentioned, at the same time I whiten the vegetable substances
by the immediate contact of the gazeous air without using the interference of
the water to collect it beforehand. The apparatus I have invented for that

page_text: purpose is designed in the Plan here annexed, No. 3, and I proceed with it as
follows:-The distillation of the marine acid mixed with manganese is made as
in the process just mentioned upon the furnace K (Plan No. 3); but instead of
introducing the glass syphons B, adapted to the retorts C, immediately into the
necks of the matrasses D, so hung up (as I do in the apparatus of Plan No. 2),
I make each of the syphons pass immediately through the wall of a lodge A
(Plan No. 3), which I settle between the retorts C and matrasses D'into the
vessels E full of water; or to prevent the wall from being so much open,. I
conduct all the glass syphons and immerse them into the vessel E full of water
(Plan No. 4) under a lamp L, of glass or earth, from which the gaz goes into
the lodge through a single tube M, adapted under the same lamp in the vessel E,
and crossing the wall of the lodge. With these apparatus, the gaz, going' with
the elastic air from the retorts or bottles into the lodge, applies incessantly to
the phlogiston of the inclosed goods, and leaves them whitened. In order either
to give the superabundant elastic air the issue it requires, and to make the
liquor proper to whiten, I have near the top of the lodge A '(Plan No: 3)
some holes G, to which are adapted the large syphons F, which 'come down
into the pots H, in which the necks of the matrasses D are immersed. The
elastic air, thus going through the syphons F, descends to the necks of the
matrasses D, in which it deposes the gaz it carries, as it happens, in the
apparatus (Plan No. 2).
I shall observe by the way,-
1st, That to prevent or remedy the inconvenience of the marine acid being
introduced into the liquor or the lodge, I use the different ways known in
chymistry, as well to make the lodge free from the gazeous air as to prepare it
for every other operation.
,
1
"
2dly, The lodge may be made of many forms and materials; it wants only to
be kept very close to avoid the escape of the gazeous air.
3dly, The goods, to be whitened in the lodge are hung up so that the gazeous
may easily penetrate them.
'air
4thly, The manner of whitening the goods in the liquor impregnated with
'the gazeous air is by sinking them into that liquor, and there stirring them as
long as is deemed necessary, according to the quality of such goods.
Such are the new apparatus and processes, in the enjoyment of which I claim
to be secured under the Patent, as being of my own Invention, and hitherto
unknown and unpractised in this kingdom, my Invention consisting not only in
the novelty of apparatus, but also in the physical and chymical principles of the
two processes to which they are applied.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of June, in the
year above mentioned, the said Anthony Bourboulon de Bonneuil came before
our said Lord the King in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form last above mentioned. And also the Specification
aforesaid was duly stampt according to the tenor of the Statute in that case
made and provided.