IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Tiot Judkins, of No. 22, Ludgate Street,
in the City of London, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
Sealed the 6th July 1865, and dated the 17th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Tiot Judkins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th January 1865.
I, CHARLES TIOT JUDKINS, of No. 22, Ludgate Street, in the City of
London, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention has two horizontal revolving shafts supported in suitable
framework and bearings; one shaft is above and the other below the bed'
plate, and each shaft is attached at its back end to a toothed wheel gearing
into a fixed or carrying wheel through which motion is imparted to the
machine by manual or other power. At the front end of the upper shaft-is
an excentric, or a cam, or disc carrying a pin working into a groove or slot
in or attached to the needle slide, to move the needle slide or carrier down
and up so as to pass the needle carrying the thread through the fabric the
required distance, and then to raise the needle again to give slack enough in
the thread to form a loop or bow in the thread, and when that is done a
small hook worked by means of a cam or other_suitable device attached to the

page_text: front end of the lower revolving shaft enters the loop, and holds the thread
until the vertical needle with the thread has been drawn through the fabric
upwards, and descended again and entered the loop, and withdrawn it from
the hook, and so on from stitch to stitch. The fabric is fed by means of an
oblique-shaped ring with a leg and foot or presser operated by a cam or other
equivalent movement from the upper shaft to move the fabric forward for the
purpose of the next stitch. The above combination and arrangement forms a
single-thread machine, but two threads may be used by having an eye in
the hook near to the point thereof to carry another thread from a second
spool.
¡SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Tiot Judkins in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TIOT JUDKINS, of No. 22, Ludgate Street, in the City of London, Sewing
Machine Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Tiot Judkins, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
the said Charles Tiot Judkins, my executors or administrators," by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: .
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
Sewing machines constructed according to my Invention have two horizontal
revolving shafts supported in suitable framework and bearings; one shaft is
above and the other below the bed plate, and each shaft is attached at its
back end to a toothed wheel gearing into a fixed or carrying wheel, through
which motion is imparted to the machine by manual or other power. At the
front end of the upper shaft is an excentric, or a cam, or disc carrying a pin
working into a groove or slot in or attached to the needle slide to move the
needle slide or carrier down and up so as to pass the needle carrying the
thread through the fabric the required distance, and then to raise the needle
again to give slack enough in the thread to form a loop or bow in the thread,
and when that is done a small hook worked by means of a cam or other
suitable device attached to the front end of the lower revolving shaft enters
the loop, and holds the thread until the vertical needle with the thread has
been drawn through the fabri upwards and descended again and entered the
loop and withdrawn it from the hook, and so on from stitch to stitch. The
fabric is fed by means of an oblique-shaped ring with a leg and foot or presser
operated by a cam or other equivalent movement from the upper shaft to
move the fabric forward for the purpose of the next stitch. The above com-
bination and arrangement forms a single-thread machine, but two threads may
be used by having an eye in the hook near to the point thereof to carry
another thread from a second spool.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings are elevations of the two
sides, Figure 3 a plan, and Figure 4 a front elevation of a sewing machine
constructed according to my present Invention.
A is a frame supporting two horizontal shafts B and C; the shaft B is
above, and the shaft C below the bed plate D. The back end of each shaft
B, C, carries a toothed wheel E, and each of these wheels gears into a larger
wheel F on the shaft of the pulley G, through which motion is imparted to
the machine. At the front end of the shaft B is a cam H carrying a pin
which works in a transverse groove or slot a in the needle slide I (as seen
clearly in the detached views, Figures 5 and 6) to move the needle carrying
the thread down and up, as before explained: The front end of the shaft C
is cranked, and the cranked portion rides in a slot 6 in a plate J pivoted to
the frame at K. The front end of the frame has also pivoted thereto one end
of a lever L, the other end of which is jointed to one end of an arm M
secured to the plate J by a pin c.
The other end of the arm M carries a

page_text: hook N; O is an oblique-shaped ring shown clearly in the detached view,
Figure 7; it carries a leg P and presser foot Q for feeding the fabric, and is
worked by the came H on the shaft B.
The action is as follows:-On motion being imparted to the pulley G the
wheel F on the pulley shaft drives the wheels E, E, and consequently the shafts
B, C. The revolution of the cam Hon the front end of the shaft B causes
the pin which works in the slot a to impart up-and-down motion to the needle
slide I, the cranked end of the shaft C, which rides in the slot 6 in-the plate J,
in its rotary motion imparts to-and-fro motion to this plate upon its pivot K;
this motion causes that end of the arm M which carries the hook N to alter-
nately approach nearer to and recede from the lever L, so that the hook at
each revolution of the shaft C is moved towards and takes hold of the loop
last formed by the needle, and retains it until the needle again descends and
passes through that loop. At each revolution of the shaft B the cam acts
first on the portion d of the ring O to perform the feed, and then on the
portion e to return the foot Q into position for another feed.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the combination
and arrangement of parts of sewing machines, herein-before described and
represented in the accompanying Drawings.
*I witness whereof, I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.