IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Marie Chevron, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Civil Engineer, and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet, of the
same Place, láte a Ship Owner, but now out of Business, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE
Sealed the 15th May 1855, and dated the 15th November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Marie Chevron and
Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th November 1854.
We, JEAN MARIE CHEVRON, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil
Engineer, and CHARLES VICTOR FREDERIC DE ROULET, of the same Place,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE FABRICS" to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of a combination of machinery or apparatus for
weaving or manufacturing a cloth or fabric made with two or more warps (one
of which we call the fixed or foundation warp, and the other or others the
floating warp), the floating warp threads being used to form an external
facing to one side of the fabric, covering the foundation warp threads more or
less, as the fabric may be more or less closely woven.
The loom or apparatus which we have invented for manufacturing a cloth

page_text: or fabric of this description is furnished-with a beam or roller, mounted at the
back part of the loom, and containing the foundation warp wound upon it, and
from this roller the threads of that warp are unrolled or drawn off' in the usual
way as the weaving of the cloth or fabric proceeds. The foundation warp
passes along through the batten or slay to the breast board or beam, or the
place where it is woven into the fabric. A straight bar is placed across the
-loom-behind the batten. or. slay, and parallel to and at such a distance behind
the breast board as to leave a sufficient space between the bar and breast
board to allow of the usual action of the batten or slay. Along the upper
side of this. transverse bar wo-place a row of rods, wires, or teeth, in a
vertical position and parallel to each other, so as to resemble a comb with
the teeth standing upwards, and this, we call the transverse bar comb. .
The upper ends or points of the rods or teeth of this comb are all upon the
same level, and also nearly upon the same level as the upper side of the breast
board, and they have holes drilled in them at or near to their upper ends,
through which the threads of the foundation warp pass, so that those warp
threads may be held sufficiently far apart to permit the floating warp threads'
to pass down through them when depressed by the rocking frame, as herein-
after described. The batten or slay is mounted upon pins, or a joint at the
lower part of the frame of the loom, or below the breast board, so as to act in
the usual manner for beating up the shoot, and the upper part of the batten is
furnished with a row of rods, wires, or teeth, resembling a comb, and somewhat
similar to the transverse bar comb, already mentioned; and the upper ends of
the rods or teeth at the top of the batten (which we call the batten comb)
project to a short distance above the foundation warp, the threads of which
pass through the spaces between the rods or teeth of the last-mentioned comb.
Above the foundation warp we place a frame (which we call a rocking frame),
mounted upon pins or bearings at each side, in such manner in such a position
that the front of the frame may be capable of being depressed down upon the
foundation warp at a place immediately behind the teeth of the transverse bar
comb, or nearly so. Upon the rocking frame, and at or near to the back of
it, is mounted a roller or beam, containing the floating warp threads wound
upon it.'
Along the front bar of the same frame, and on the under side of it, is fixed
in a vertical position what may be called a closed comb, containing a row of
bars or roils, similar to the bars, rods, or teeth of the transverse bar comb,
before mentioned, but a little shorter, and each end of the bars of this closed
comb are attached to a longitudinal rod or bar. running the whole length of
'the comb, so that the spaces between the vertical bars or rods may be, closed

page_text: at both their ends. The bars, rods, or teeth of each of the three combs which
have been mentioned are made of the same guage or thickness, and the width
of the
spaces between the bars or teeth are also all the same, or nearly so.
The numbers of the bars or teeth placed in each of the combs will depend
upon the number of warp threads which the loom or machine shall be intended
to be capable of weaving into a cloth or fabric. The floating warp threads which
come from the roller mounted at the back of the rocking frame, as before,men-
tioned, pass through the spaces of the closed comb, and (when depressed) also
through the spaces of the batten comb to the breast board, where they are woven
into the fabric. The rocking frame, above described, has motion given to it
either by treddles or any other convenient means, and it is mounted, so as to
be capable not only of a rocking motion, in order that the front bar of the frame
may from time to time be brought down upon the foundation warp
and again
raised, but also of lateral motion, so that the floating warp threads may from
time to time, by means of such motion. (to the one side or the other), be placed
immediately above the spaces between the foundation warp threads, between
which portions of the floating warp threads are to be depressed or passed, upon
the descent of the front of the rocking frame; for the purpose of forming a
shed through which the shuttle is to pass. Upon the rocking frame being
depressed, it bends down the floating warp threads and also the foundation
warp threads at a position immediately behind the teeth of the transverse bar
comb, but the teeth of the last-mentioned comb sustain those portions of the
foundation warp threads which are immediately in front of the parts depressed,
and thus prevents the depression of those portions of the same threads which
extend from the comb to the breast board, where they are woven into the
fabric. The depression of the front of the rocking frame also causes the
threads of the floating warp to pass down between the teeth of the batten
comb and of the transverse bar comb, and those threads are in this way
depressed to such an extent as to form a shed in front of the transverse bar
comb and the batten, sufficiently large to allow of the passage of the shuttle
through it for introducing a shoot or weft thread. The raising of the front of
the rocking frame also raises the floating warp threads out of the spaces
between the teeth of the transverse bar comb and those portions of the
foundation warp threads which those teeth support up to a convenient eleva-
tion above the foundation warp, and the batten or slay beats up the shoot in
the ordinary way. The loom is furnished with a counterbalance weight for
effecting the lateral motion of the rocking frame in one direction, the motion
in the opposite direction being effected by means of a treddle, or other con-
venient means. The rocking: frame is also furnished with a counterbalance

page_text: weight for raising the front of the rocking frame, the depression of the front
of that frame being effected by a treddle, or other convenient means. The
loom may be furnished with a weft stopper, and all the ordinary parts of looms
applicable to the loom or machinery above described.
SPECIFICATION-in-pursuance-of-the-conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JEAN
MARIE CHEVRON, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, and
CHARLES VICTOR FREDERIC DE ROULET, of the same Place, late a Ship Owner,
but now out of Business, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Jean Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet, Her special
licence that we, the said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de
Roulet, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jean Marie
Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic de Roulet, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles
Victor Frederic de Roulet, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our said Invention consists of a combination of machinery or apparatus for

page_text: weaving or manufacturing a cloth or fabric made with two or more warps (one
of which we call the fixed or foundation warp, and the other or others the
floating warp or warps), the floating warp threads being used to form an
external facing to one side of the fabric, covering the foundation warp threads
more or less, as the fabric may be more or less closely woven. The loom or
apparatus which we have invented for manufacturing a cloth or fabric of this
description is furnished with a beam or roller, mounted at the back part of the
loom, and containing the foundation warp wound upon it, and from this roller
the threads of that warp are unrolled or drawn off in the usual way as the
weaving of the cloth or fabric proceeds. The foundation warp passes along
through the teeth of a series of teeth, which we call a comb, placed at the
top of the batten or slay, to the breast board or beam, or the place where
it is woven into the fabric. A straight bar is placed across the loom behind
the batten or slay, and parallel to and at such a distance behind the breast
board, as to leave a sufficient space between the bar and breast board to allow
of the usual action of the batten or slay in beating up the shoot or weft.
Along the upper side of this transverse bar we place a row of rods, wires, or
teeth, in a vertical position and parallel to each other, so as to resemble a
comb with the teeth standing upwards, and this we call the transverse bar
comb.
.
The upper ends or points of the rods or teeth of this comb are all upon
the same level, and also nearly upon the same level as the upper side of
the breast board, and they have holes drilled in them at or near to. their
upper ends, through which the threads of the foundation warp pass,. so that
those warp threads may be held sufficiently far apart to permit the floating
warp threads to pass down between them when depressed by the rocking
frame, as herein-after described.
The batten or slay is mounted upon pins, or a joint at the lower part of the
frame of the loom, or below the breast board, so as to act in the usual manner
for beating up the shoot; and in lieu of the ordinary reed, the upper part of
the batten is furnished with a row of vertical rods, wires, or teeth, fixed upon a
bar at the top of the batten, and resembling a comb, somewhat similar to the
transverse bar comb, already mentioned.
The upper ends of the rods or teeth of this comb at the top of the batten
(which we call the batten comb) project to a short distance above the founda-
tion warp, the threads of which pass through the spaces between the rods or
teeth of the last-mentioned comb.
Above the foundation warp we place a frame (which we call a rocking
frame), mounted upon a shaft or axle, which placed in a horizontal position

page_text: across the frame of the loom, or upon pins of bearings at each side, in such
manner and in such a position that the front of the frame may be capable of
being depressed down upon the foundation warp at a place immediately behind
the teeth of the transverse bar comb, or nearly so, and also in such a manner
that the frame shall be capable of lateral motions, for the purposes herein-after
described. Upon the rocking frame, and at or near to the back of it, is mounted
a roller or beam, containing the floating warp threads wound upon it.
Along the front bar of the same frame, and_on_the_front-or-under side of
-it, is fixed in a vertical position what may be called a closed comb, containing
a row of bars, teeth, or rods, similar to the bars, rods, or teeth of the transverse
bar comb, before mentioned, but a little shorter; and each end of the bars of
this closed comb are attached to a longitudinal rod or bar, running the whole
length of the comb, so that the spaces between the vertical rods or teeth may
be closed at both their ends. The bars, rods, or teeth of each of the three
combs which have been mentioned are made of the same guage or thickness,
and the width of the spaces between the bars or teeth are also all the same,
or nearly so.
·
The numbers of. the bars or teeth to be placed in each of the combs
will depend upon the number of warp threads which the loom or machine
shall be intended to be capable of weaving into a cloth or fabric.. The
floating warp threads which come from the roller, mounted at the back
of the rocking frame, as before mentioned, pass through the spaces of the
closed comb, and (when depressed) also through the spaces of the batten comb
to the breast board or place where tlicy are woven into the fabric. The
rocking frame, above described, has motion given to it either by treddles or
any other convenient means, and it is mounted so as to be capable, not only
of a rocking motion, in order that the front bar of the frame may from time
to time be brought down upon the foundation warp and again raised, but also
capable of lateral motions towards the sides of the loon, so that the floating
warp threads may from time to time by means of such motions (to the one side
or the other) be placed immediately above the spaces between the teeth of
the transverse bar comb and between the foundation warp threads (which
pass through orifices in those teeth), between which last-mentioned teeth and
threads portions of the floating warp threads are to be depressed.or passed
apon the descent of the front of the rocking frame, for the purpose of forming
a shed through which the shuttle is to pass when introducing the shoot or
weft thread. Upon the rocking frame being depressed, it bends down the
floating warp threads, and also the foundation warp threads, at a position
immediately behind the teeth of the transverse bar comb, but-the teeth of

page_text: the last-mentioned comb sustain those portions of the foundation-warp_threads_
which are immediately in front of the parts depressed, and thus prevent the
depression of those portions of the same threads which extend from the comb
to the breast board, wliere they are woven into the fabric. The depression of:
the front of the rocking frame also causes the threads of the floating warp to.
pass down between the teeth of the batten comb and of the transverse bar.
comb, and those threads are in this way depressed to such an extent as to
form a shed in front of the transverse bar comb, and the batten sufficiently.
large to allow of the passage of the shuttle through it for introducing. a shoot
or weft thread. The raising of the front of the rocking frame also raises the
floating warp threads out of the spaces between the teeth of the transverse bar
comb and those portions of the foundation warp threds which those teeth sup-
port up to a convenient elevation above the foundation warp, and the batten.or
slay beats up the shoot in the ordinary way. The loom may be furnished with
a counterbalance weight for effecting the lateral motion of the rocking frame
in one direction, the motion in the opposite, direction being effected by means
of a treddle; or any other convenient means may be adopted for producing
the lateral motions of the framic from time to time in the direction and to the
extent which may be requisite in each case, for the purpose of enabling the
frame upon its descent to depress each floating warp thread down between
the two foundation warp, threads, between which it may be intended to pass
for the purpose of forming the shed, and causing the floating warp threads to
pass over the foundation warp thread or threads over which such floating warp
threads shall be intended to cross. The rocking frame is also furnished with
a counterbalance weight for raising the front of the rocking frame, the depres
sion of the front of that frame being effected by a treddle, or other convenient
means. The looni may be furnished with a weft stopper, and all the ordinary"
parts of looms applicable to the loom or machinery above described.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed we have given some Figures, shewing
how a loom inay be constructed or furnished with apparatus according to our
Invention, for the purpose of producing cloths or fabrics, such as herein-before
mentioned..
In these Drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section-of the loom;
shewing many of the parts constructed according to our Invention, and sonie
of the ordinary parts of a loom, necessary to be sliewn for the purpose of
explaining the action of the loom; Figure 2 is a front view of a portion of the
transverse bar comb; Figures 3, 4, and 5 are different views of the. teeth of
the transverse bar comb and batten comb; Figure 6 is a front view of a
portion of the rocking frame comb; Figure 7. is a top view of parts of each

page_text: side of the rocking frame, and of parts of the apparatus connected therewith;
Figure 8 is a top view of the guard, to be placed at the right-hand side of
the loom within the bracket on that side containing one of the bearings of the
rocking frame shaft; and Figure 9 is a top view of a part of the rocking frame,
and of a portion of the floating warp threads placed therein. The same letters
of reference are used to mark similar parts in all the Figures.
In Figure 1, A, A, A, A, is the framing of the loom, made of cast iron,
wood, or other proper material; B, B, is the beam or roller, containing the
foundation warp threads, which-roller-is-mounted on bearings at the-back of
the loom in the usual manner. From this roller the foundation warp threads
b, b, are drawn, and proceed in a horizontal direction through orifices at the
tops of the teeth of the transverse bar conib, and between the teeth of the
batten comb, to the breast board or place where they are woven into the fabric.
C is the. transverse bar comb, portions of which are shewn separately in
Figures 2 and 3, consisting of a bar (C, Figure 2) placed across the loom,"
behind the batten or slay, and parallel to the breast board, the bar being
furnished with a row of vertical teeth or pins C, rising above the bar, and
arranged so as to resemble a comb, as shewn in Figure 2, and the teeth have
orifices made in their upper ends, through which the threads of the foundation
warp pass, and each tooth may have two orifices (as shewn in Figure 3), so
that when desired two foundation warp threads may pass through each tooth
for the purpose of making the foundation warp double.
The transverse bar comb C is placed at such a distance behind the breast
board D as to have a sufficient intervening space for the formation of a shed,
the introduction of the shuttle, and the action of the batten.
E, E, is the batten or slay, mounted or jointed upon pins e at the bottom of
the loom frame, the upper part of it being left free to move backwards and
forwards in the usual manner for beating up the shoot or weft threads, and the
batten may have motion given to it by means of the handle Z, or in any
ordinary manner. The upper part of the batten is furnished with a row of
vertical teetli or pins d, projecting from a bar at the top of the batten to a
level a little above the upper ends of the teeth of the transverse bar comb, so
that the upper ends of the teeth of the batten comb, which are placed and
move backwards and forwards in the spaces between the threads of the
foundation warp b, b, may in all the positions of the batten be somewhat above
the level of that warp, as shewn in Figure 1. The upper ends of the teeth d
of the batten comb are made to turn over, as shewn in Figure 1, and in the
detached Figure 4.
F, F, is a rectangular frame, which we call a rocking frame. This frame

page_text: is mounted upon the shaft or axle rod f, which passes through round orifices,
made for that purpose in the sides of the frame, so that the frame may turn or
swing easily upon the shaft, for the purpose of allowing the front part F' of the
frame to be depressed and raised, in manner and for the purposes herein-before
and also herein-after mentioned, and when depressed to cause the closed comb
at the front of the rocking frame to pass down immediately behind the teeth of
the transverse bar comb C. At the back of the rocking frame is the roller
G, G, containing the floating warp threads; the axle or pins g of this roller
being mounted in bearings at the back of the frame, so that the warp may be
drawn from it as the weaving or manufacture of the fabric proceeds. The
roller has also a weighted cord passing over a pulley at one end of it (as shewn
in Figure 1), so as to prevent the warp threads from hanging loose in the
loom, and the weight G', attached to this cord, also acts as a counterbalance
to the rocking frame, so as to keep the front of it elevated when not depressed
by means of the treddle K.
H (Fig. 1) is the rocking frame comb, extending along the front of the
rocking frame, to which it is secured. A portion of this closed comb is shewn
separately in Fig. 6, in which Figure it will be seen that the comb is com-
posed of the upper bar H', H', (which is fixed to the front of the rocking
frame) of the lower bar h, h, and a series of rods, bars, or teeth, having their
ends secured to the two bars, so as to hold those bars together, and. form what
may be called a closed comb, somewhat resembling the reed in a batten of an
ordinary loom. The transverse bar comb, the batten comb, and the closed
comb of the rocking frame have all their teeth made of the same guage or
thickness, and they are all arranged so as to have the same spaces between
every two adjoining teeth. The floating warp threads i, i, i, which are drawn
from the roller G, G, pass through the spaces between the teeth of the closed
comb H, and from thence proceed to the breast board D, or the place where
they are woven into the fabric.
K is a treddle, having a counterbalance weight Q attached to it by means
of a cord k, h, k, passing over the pullies and , so that the treddle may be
elevated when it ceases to be pressed downwards by the foot or other mechanical
means. 9, 9, is a connecting rod, by means of which the front of the rocking
frame F, F, is connected with the treddle K, so that the front of the frame
may be depressed when the treddle is pressed down.
The shaft or axle f has its ends turned or otherwise diminished, so as to
be of smaller diameter than the middle of the shaft or axle, and the middle
and thicker portion of the shaft not only passes across the rocking frame and
through the orifices in its sides, before mentioned, but also projects sufficiently

page_text: outside the rocking franie at each side-tliereof to permit a lever or ärm M
and M² to be fixed upon that part of the shaft, as herein-after mentioned
The diniinished ends of the shaft or axle fare mounted in bearings, contained
in arms or brackets (L' and L³, Figure 7), fixed at or cast upon each side of
the frame of the loom. The diminished ends of the shaft or axle fare made
sufficiently long, and the bearings L' and L² are placed in such positions, as to
allow the shaft to be moved longitudinally in both directions, for the purposo
of changing the position-of-the-rocking frame, by moving it together with the
shaft laterally towards the right or the left hand side of the 'loom, so that the
floating warp threads may from time to time by means of such motions be
placed immediately above the spaces between the foundation warp threads,
between which portions of the floating warp threads are to be depressed upon
the descent of the front of the rocking frame, for the purpose herein-before
mentioned.
+
at
At the right-hand side of the rocking frame, close to the frame, and between
that side of the frame and the diminished portion of the shaft or axle f
that side of the frame, a cranked or bent lever or arm M', M', is fixed, and that
lever is, by means of the rod m, m; connected with the treddle O, so that by
pressing upon that treddle the lever M, M, may be depressed, and the shaft-f
(which turns freely in its bearings, and in the orifices at the sides of the rocking
frame,) turned to a corresponding extent. "Another lever or arm M², M³, is
fixed in a similar position near to the opposite or left-hand end of the shaft f,
close to the side of the frame, so that the frame may turn freely to the
requisite extent upon the shaft or axle between the two arins, but will be
prevented from having any lateral motion to o either side, except in conjunction
with the shaft f, upon which it is mounted, and with which it must move
laterally when that shaft is moved towards the right-hand or left-hand side of
the loom.
.
B..
Upon the shaft f, at each side of and immediately within the sides of the.
rocking frame are fixed two arms N¹ and N2; upon the outer ends of which
are suspended counterbalance weights N³ and N, so as to keep the treddle O,
and the levers M and M', and M², M2, in the position in which the lever
M', M', is shown to be in Fig. 1, when the treddle O is not depressed by the
action of the foot or otherwise.
Within each of the brackets L and L, which carry the bearings of the
shaft f, is placed a guard R, R, which is made with an incline plane upon its
inner surface, and when the arms M, M, and M², M², are in motion, the one
or the other of these inclined: planes (according to the direction in which the
arms are moving) acts upon the arm against it, so as to press the arm together

page_text: with-the-shaft-and-rocking-frame-mounted-upon-it,-towards-the
opposite.side.
of the loom to an extent depending upon the angle of the inclined planes, and
the extent of the motion of the arm.
The guard placed within the bracket at the right-hand side of the loom is
shewn separately in the detached Figure 8; and the inclined planes contained
in the two guards placed at the two sides of the frame are placed with the
surfaces of their planes towards the rocking frame, and parallel to each other,
or nearly so, but with their planes inclined or sloping in opposite directions, so
that the one inclined plane may be available for causing the rocking frame and
its shaft to move laterally in the one direction, and the other inclined plane for
causing the rocking frame and its shäft to move laterally in the opposite
direction.
One of these guards is also shewn in Fig. 1 fixed on the bracket at the
right-hand side of the loom, and the inclination of the inclined plane within
that guard is so placed, that when the shaft or axle f is caused to make a
partial revolution by the depression of the pedal O, the inclined plane within
that guard, acting against the arm M', M', fixed at that end of the shaft f, as
it revolves together with that shaft, will cause the shaft f, and with it the frame
F, F, to move laterally towards the left-hand side of the loom, the inclined.
plane at the left-hand side of the loom receding, or having its plane inclined. in
such a direction as to permit this moveinent of the shaft and rocking frame.
The position of the guard at the left-hand side of the loom is shewn in
Figure 7, where it will be seen that as the lever M, M, fixed upon the
axle f, at the left-hand side of the loom, is depressed, the receding surface of the
inclined plane will allow of the lateral motion of the shaft and frame towards
that side of the loom, as just described. When the pressure upon the treddle
O is removed, the counterbalance weights N, N, will cause the shaft ƒ to
perform a portion of a revolution in the opposite direction to that previously
caused by the depression of the treddle O.
The inclined plane within the guard at the left-hand side of the loom will
then act upon the arm Me, Me, fixed at the left-hand end of the shaft f, as it
revolves together with that shaft, and will cause the shaft, and with it the
frames F, F, to move laterally back towards the right-hand side of the looin,
the position in which the inclined plane at the opposite side of the loom is
placed being such as to permit the arm M, M', against it and the shaft to be
moved in that direction.
Each of the guards R, R, is furnished with two stop screws S' and S³, by
which the distance through which the arms M, M, and M², M², can move
when revolving with the shaft f, is regulated. The one of those stop screw's

page_text: has the effect of limiting the extent of such motion when the treddle O is
depressed, and the other screw the effect of limiting the extent of the motion
when the counterbalance weights N2 and N³ are called into action by the
removal of the pressure from the treddle.
The extent of the lateral motion of the rocking frame will depend upon the
angle, or amount of bevil or inclination, given to the surfaces of the two
inclined planes above mentioned, and the extent to which the shaft f will be
caused to revolve upon the depression and rising of the treddle O, the extent
of each of which revolutions will depend upon the extent to which the inner
ends of the stop screws S' and S2 at each side of the loom shall have been
screwed, for the purpose of adjustment, towards or from the arms or cranks
M, M', and M, M², placed within the guards; and by varying the positions
of the stop screws S1 and S2 at each side of the loom, the extent of the lateral
motion to be given to the rocking frame with its shaft f in each direction,
upon the depressing and rising of the treddle O, may be regulated.
The breast beam or roller T, T, has motion given to it for drawing away
the fabric as it is formed by the action of the loom, and the fabric, after
passing over the breast beam T, T, is wound upon the beam or roller V, which
is kept steady by a weighted cord, passing over one-end of it, and over the
stud pulley U. Motion may be given to the beams or rollers T and V in any
of the modes usually employed for that purpose, and the shuttle used may be
constructed and worked in the usual way for introducing the shoot or weft
thread, in manner above mentioned.
Before commencing to work with this loom it is to be furnished with the
intended foundation and floating warps, and the extent of the lateral motions
of the rocking frame must be regulated by means of the stop screws S¹ and
Son each side of the loom, (the screws on both sides being set in the same
manner,) so that the threads of the floating warp will, upon each depression
of the front of the rocking frame, be caused to pass down between the teeth of
the transverse bar comb and batten comb and the foundation warp threads, in
the requisite manner for producing the intended fabric.
The loom being thus prepared, with the work fairly started, supposing both
the treddles K. and O to be elevated, and the rocking frame to be as far to
the right as the setting of the stop screws will allow, the action of the loom
or machine will be as follows:-The treddle K being depressed, the front of
the rocking frame, and the closed comb II fixed at the front of it, will descend,
bringing the floating warp threads down to the point marked with the letter X
in Fig. 1, the threads of the floating warp being at the same time caused to
descend between the teeth of the transverse bar comb C and the teeth of the

page_text: batten comb, and also between those portions of the threads of the foundation
warp threads which are held in a horizontal position between the transverse
bar comb and the back of the breast board, or place where they are woven
into the fabric. Portions of the foundation warp threads behind the trans-
verse bar comb are at the same time depressed by the action of the bar h into
the position shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 1.
The portions of the floating warp threads which are now below the
foundation warp.threads in front of the transverse bar comb and batten comb
will form a shed or opening, as shewn at Y, Figure 1, through which the
shuttle may pass for the purpose of introducing the shoot or weft thread.
The weft thread having been introduced into this shed by the action of the
shuttle in the usual way, the batten or slay. E, E, is then brought into action,
so as to beat up the weft thread in the usual manner, after which the pressure
is removed from the treddle K, and that treddle, and also the front of the
rocking frame, are, by the action of the counterbalance weight G', caused
to ascend the closed comb at the front of the rocking frame, also ascending
and carrying with it the floating warp threads, which are thus again elevated
to their former position, but leaving a portion of each of them looped or bent
over the weft or shoot thread, introduced into the fabric in manner just
mentioned.
The treddle O is then to be depressed, so as to cause the shaft fand the
rocking frame to traverse or move laterally towards the left-hand side of
the frame as far as the setting of the stop screws S¹ and S¹ will permit,
when the treddle K is to be again depressed as before, so as to cause the
front of the rocking frame and, the closed comb H again to descend, until
the floating warp threads reach the point marked X in Figure 1, as before,
and the threads of the floating warp respectively descend between other teeth
of the transverse bar comb and batten comb than those between which they
had previously descended; and consequently the floating warp threads respec-
tively, after crossing over the upper side of one foundation warp thread, or the
upper sides of several foundation warp threads, will be caused to descend
between other foundation warp threads than those which they had previously
descended between.
A shed cr opening between the foundation warp above and the floating
warp below being thus formed in front of the transverse bar comb and batten,
in like manner as before, the shuttle again crosses, introducing a shoot or
weft thread, which, being beat up by the action of the batten, the pressure
upon the treddle K is removed, when that treddle and the front of the rocking
frame will ascend, and the floating warp threads be again elevated to their

page_text: former position,-but leaving a portion of each of them looped or bent over
the weft or shoot thread lastly introduced into the fabric. The treddle O is
then to be released from pressure, when the counterbalance weights.N³ and N
will cause the shaft f partially to revolve, at the same time elevating the
treddle O, and, by the action of the incline within the guide at the left-hand
side of the loom, moving the shaft f, and with it the rocking frame, into their
former positions. The same movements may then be repeated and continued
until the required quantity of fabric shall have been produced.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our Invention,
the addition to a loon of, or the construction of a loom with; a rocking frame,
a transverse bar comb, and a batten comb, in manner and for the purposes
herein-before described.
"
In witness whereof, we, the said Jean Marie Chevron and Charles
Victor Frederic de Roulet, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
J. M. CHEVRON.
(L.S.)
CHS VR FC DE ROULET. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the said Jean
Maric Chevron and Charles Victor Frederic
de Roulet, in the presence of
PIERRE ALEXANDRE AIMÉ DE MOMIGNY,
Avocat à Paris,
18, Rue Saint Fiacre,
A. MOMIGNY.