An Automatic Mudguard for the Wheels of Hansom Cabs or other Vehicles.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 1st June, 1899-Accepted, 1st Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Automatic Mudguard for the Wheels of Hansom Cabs or other
Vehicles.
I, GERTRUDE SOPHIA GOAD (Mrs.), (of no occupation), residing at Hollyhurst,
Burstow, nr. Horley, in the County of Surrey, England, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An automatic mud-guard attached to the axle of the vehicle in such a manner
that when not required for the purpose intended, it is kept closed and protected
from mud, water &c. and when required it 18 let down so as to cover that part
of the rim, or tyre, of the wheel which might come in contact with the clothing
or dress of the person when entering or leaving the vehicle The guard, o
shield, is on the punciple of a fan, and can be let down "at will," the closing
operation being performed by the rotation of the wheel itself as soon as the
vehicle moves forward The construction of the apparatus 18 as described herein-
after To the periphery of the inner side of the "hub" of the wheel, I attach,
by suitable means, an annular disc, or fiction wheel, which becomes part of the
hub," and consequently revolves with the wheel
On the axle, and between the sping and body of the vehicle, I attach an
adjustable bracket or arm, which depends and leads under the sping To this
arm, on the end nearest the wheel I attach a casing or box, of peculiar form, the
attachment being so constructed as to permit of an angular adjustment to suit
the dishing" of the wheel, and its deviation from the perpendicular
"
This casing has, on the inner side, provision for caying a slide, (upon which
is mounted a fiction 1olle,) two "triggers," and a "catchi or "detent" which
operate the slide. There are also, a recess which contains another friction 1oller,
grooved on one side of the periphery, and two slotted openings passing through
the web of the casing, whose centies are concentue with the axle.
On the outer side, that next the wheel, 18 an annular recess, the inner wall
of which, encucles the hub of the wheel, and forms a bearing for a sleeve, which
I describe below The outer wall forms the " casing" for the working parts of
the apparatus, which are retained in place, and protected from dirt, by a lid or
cover, attached by suitable means to the casing I do not carry this outer wall
completely round the casing but cut away sufficient to allow the admission of the
radial members, and the required movement thereof
"
The "sleeve mentioned above, is cylindrical, with a grooved flange on one
end The centres of the grooves in this flange, and in that of the friction 1oller
contained in the recess before mentioned, are in the same vertical plane, and in
these grooves I pass a cold, one end of which is attached to the grooved friction
oller, and the other to the flanged sleeve On the periphery of this flange, 18
a web" concentric with the inner wall of the sleeve, and passing round about
one fourth of the curcumference To this part of the sleeve, I attach an arm,
projecting radially, and forming a support and cover for the other radial
<

page_text: "
members of the apparatus. On the outer side of the flanged portion of this
sleeve I attach two "strikers" which I make adjustable These
"strikers
pass through the slotted openings in the casing before described, and operate on
the triggers, which move the slide forwards or backwards, and places the friction
roller mounted thereon, in or out of gear.
On the cylindrical part of the sleeve, I place a number of arms-preferably five,
which are free to turn, the extent of motion being governed by the outer oasing,
and by the radial arm attached to the sleeve To the outer ends of these arms,
I attach shields or guards, curved to suit the diameter of the wheel, and of such
a form as to lap over and cover a portion of the rim of the wheel. I make these
guards in such a manner, that they will pass one within the other, forming a
compact body when closed, and so that their travel is controlled, one by the other,
thus forming a "fan" radiating from the centre of the axle, when the apparatus
is open.
I also construct the apparatus in such a manner that it can be worked either
automatically-by the insertion of a coin into a receptacle provided for the
purpose or by the passenger or driver of the vehicle, as may be desired.
The action, or working of the apparatus is as follows-The radial arm, which
forms the support & cover for the other radial members-on being released by
any of the means aforesaid falls downwards and radially, until stopped by the
wall of the outer casing, the amount of travel being aufficient to bring the guarda
down to about the position of the step on the body of the vehicle, thus covering
that portion of the rim and tyre of the wheel, which would come in contact with
the clothes of a passenger The impetus caused by the falling of the guards,
bings one of the strikers (which I call No. 1) against one of the tuggers, which
impinges on one end of the slide, and throws the fiction 1oller, mounted
thereon, into gear with the grooved fiction roller mounted in the recess of the
casing, and with the friction disc attached to the hub. The slide and 1oller are
held in position by the "catch" 01' "detent On the rotation of the wheel in a
forward duection the motion is transmitted to the grooved friction roller, which
revolves, and winds up the cord, thereby causing the sleeve with radial arm
attached, to move upwards with the other radial members, until they arò well
within their "casing" or "housing By the time this operation 18 completed
the other trigger (which I call No 2) has reached the detent holding the slide
in position, which it releases, and by means of a suitable spring, the slide and
1oller are thrown out of gear, and the wheel revolves, without affecting the
apparatus.
Santambor lat 1808
"
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Automatic Mudguard for the Wheels of Hansom Cabs or other
Vehicles.
GERTRUDE SOPHIA GOAD (Mrs.), (of no occupation), residing at Hollyhurst,
Burstow, nr Horley, in the County of Surrey, England, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
An automatic mud guard attached to the axle of the vehicle in such a manner
that when not required for the purpose intended, it is kept closed and protected
from mud, water, &c. and when required it 18 let down so as to cover that part 5

page_text: of the rim or tyre of the wheel which might come in contact with the clothing
or dress of the person when entering or leaving the vehicle
In order to make my invention distinct I have prepared four sheets of draw-
ings which fully show the nature and application of my invention.
Sheet No. 1 shows two general elevations of the apparatus Fig. 1 shows the
guaid in use, and Fig 2 the guard when "wound up and not in use.
Fig. 1. Sheet 1 The radial aims, of which I have shown five, although I do
not confine myself to this particular number, are indicated by the letter V. I
make these of sheet metal which may be steel, biass or aluminium I design these
arms in such a manner that the inner end, or that nearest the wheel centre,
forms a ring, which encircles the sleeve indicated by the letter H, on Sheets 2, 3
& 4. The outer end, or that to which the guards are attached, is thinned down
so as to avoid unnecessary function of the arms, one with another, and I may
if necessary continue this reduced thickness throughout the exposed portion of
the arm
The guards themselves, I also make of sheet metal, preferably steel.
These I bend in two directions, the one conforming to the periphery of the
wheel, and the other forming almost a semicircle, which laps round the tye of
the wheel, but at a sufficient distance to avoid contact with the wheel, and to
allow for any irregularity of running.
66
I show on Sheet 4 Fig 15 an enlarged sectional view of the guards, as closed,
and in the "housing" oi case G1 I make these guaids on the "telescopic" prin-
ciple so that one closes within the other, and the whole are brought up into the
housing" by the radial aim R which is attached to the sleeve II In order to
obtam the fan shape referred to in my Provisional Specification, I attach by suit-
able mechanical means, the aims to one another, and the uppermost aim, I also
secure to the "housing," I may also if preferable make these attachments to
the guards themselves, the result being the same
I make the radial am K which it attached to the sleeve П, in such a manner
that it forms a covering on lid for the other radial members, when closed, and
which I also secure in the "housing" by a detent actuated by a spring, or any
simple mechanical device, which can be released either by the passenger or
diver, or by means of one of the well known mechanical devices employed in
automatic machines that is to say-by the insertion of a com m a receptacle fui-
nished for the purpose
As these devices are so varied & numerous I have not
shown any particular design on my diawings It will be sufficient to say, that
the device found most suitable for the purpose would be attached to the inner
side of the housing G1, or in any other convenient position, to quit the vehicle &
the users thereof
"
"
Sheet 2 shows two elevations of the apparatus as open," that is to say, with
the radial aims down," and the guards in position round the rim of the wheel
Fig is an elevation of the side nearest the spring, or body of vehicle,
and Fig 4, an elevation of the side next the wheel which I have shown with the
covering plate, on lid Sheets 3 & 4, and the radial aimis M Sheets 3 & 4 1e-
moved, so as to make my mention as plain as possible Fig 5, is a section
through the slide and its guides, and the fiction roller F, of which description is
given below, and Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10 are end, elevations of the stinking
nechanism In Figure 3, "A" 18 a fiction roller free to revolve on a pin "a
I make this olle of any suitable material, hard wood, metal, or vulcanized
matter, and I mill" or otherwise rough" the periphery so as to obtam as
much fuction or grip as possible On the inner aid of this roller I provide a
groove, in which I place a cord or its equivalent, marked B This cord is firmly
attached to the 1ollei A at one end, and at the other end to the sleeve marked II
in Fig 4 "C" is the box or casing which contains, or to which are attached
the various moving, or fixed portions of the mechanism and which I preferably
make of metal, in one or more parts, as the facilities of construction mai demand,
and C³ 18 another casing of sheet metal, which forms a covering for the other-

page_text: wise exposed portions of the mechanism, and is attached to the case C by means
of the screws shown
On one of these screws, that marked I, I place a small buffer of india rubber,
the object of which is to stop any noise which might arise when the tumbler P
rests against it I construct the casing "C" with a recess to receive the roller A.
on the inner side, or that next the spring, and on the outer side, or that next
the wheel, I provide an annular recess, the inner wall of which encircles the
hub of the wheel, and forms a bearing for the sleeve H, shown on Sheet 3
Fig 12 The outer wall forms the casing for the radial arms M, and other
working parts I do not carry this outer wall completely round the casing but
cut away sufficient to allow the admission of the radial members, and the re-
ouned movement thereof, I show this on Sheets 2 & 4 Figures 4 & 13 respec-
tively On the side next the wheel, I attach by screws, preferably countersunk,
a plate or cover marked V. This retains all the working parts in their places,
and protects the same from the weather Through the vertical web of the
casing C I provide two slots or openings of the form shown, and indicated by X
Fig 3 I make the centres of these slots concentre with the axle, and through
these slots, I pass the stukers P1 & P2 which I make adjustable and attach
with screws to the sleeve H In the lower nortion of this casing "
C" I provide
two holes marked E into which are inserted the screws or bolts which form the
attachment between the casing and the adustable bracket or aim Q & Q 1.
His a sleeve in the form of a cylinder with a grooved flange on one end The
centre of the groove in this flauge, collesponds with the centre of the groove
in the fiction rolle A and in the groove passes the cord B before described
On the pephery of this flange, I provide a web or wall, concentric with the
inner wall of the sleeve, and passing round about one fourth of the circum-
ference, although I do not confine myself to this, I may make it more or less
as required To this part of the sleeve I attach an arm R, proiecting radially
and forming a support and cover for the other radial members M of the apparatus,
as shown on Sheet 1 Fig 1.
F1s a fiction roller, mounted on a pin and slide S which is free to move
between the guide plates, shown I make this roller of india rubber or some
other resilient material, so that I obtain a certain amount of elasticity, and ensure
a good contact with the other rolling surfaces. Lisa spindle or guide rod
attached to the slide S and passing through an adiustable guide on sleeve, carried
in a bracket "0" "K" is a spiral spung, heating at one end on the slide S,
and at the other on a loose cup or disc, attached, or otherwise to the adjustable
sleeve By this device, I can regulate the compression of the spring K as
occasion may require "D" is a detent or holder, the hooked end engaging
with a "tooth " notch" attached to, or forming part of the slide S I make
this "detent" adjustable by means of a slotted hole, and attach it to a "tumbler'
or "tugger maiked T by means of a small screw The trigger T Sheet ?
Fig 6 is acted upon by a "plate" spring or any equally effective spring, indicated
hy the letter N. This spring forces the detent D, into the tooth or notch, on
slide S when required and by its means the slide, with the roller F thereon, is
held in contact with the other rolling surfaces.
"
ינח
«
31
P Fig 9 is ૧ tumbler" which impinges on the rear of the slide S when
rollers are in contact, and which rests against the rubber buffer I when the
rollers are not in contact P1 & P2 are the "strikers" which are adjustable
and attached to the sleeve H W is an annular disc or friction wheel, which ▼
may constinct in one or more wars, so as to adant it to different forms of "bubs "
On Sheet Fig 12, I have shown this wheel in section, in its simplest form
The periphery 18 66 milled or "roughed the same manner as that of the
Joller A, and for the same reason T attach this wheel to the hub of the main
wheel by any suitable means and it then becomes a part of the main wheel,
and revolves with it. On Sheet 4 Fig 14 I show another form of fiction wheel,
"

page_text: which I consider preferable for the large class of "hubs" The body of the
wheel I make as in the other form, of metal, and attach it securely to the "hub,"
but instead of milling the periphery, I cover the same with an india rubber
ring, marked F2, and obtain thereby, very considerable" gripping" power
Sheet 3 Fig 12 Q1 is the adjustable arm on bracket, attached to the axlo,
and depending & leading under the spring Q18 a bracket piece formed with
an eye or boss, through which I
paus a bolt "p "this bolt forming, with its sut-
1oundings, a hinge upon which I can adjust the inclination of the apparatus to
suit the angle of the wheel, and dishing of the spokes I attach this bracket Q
to the main casing "C" by means of bolts or sciews, the holes for which I show
at E In order that I may not depend ontuely on the "nut" of the bolt ">"
holding the apparatus in position I provide a "set" or locking sciew 1, but
this I might provide for by other well known mechanical means.
"
Sheet 4 Figs 13 & 14 By these two views of my invention I shew another
form of the apparatus The principal involved is the same as in that alieady
described, and the same letters refer to similar details, the only difference being
in the constructive design
Fig 13 18 an elevation of the side of the apparatus nearest to the wheel with
the covering plate V, and the radial members of the guard, indicated by the
letter M in Fig 14, removed.
Fig 14 is a section taken on the broken lines shewn in Fig 13
Wis the annulai disc, or friction wheel, which I attach by means of sciews
as shewn, or by any other suitable mechanical means, to the hub of the
wheel
On this disc I fix a ring F2 which I may make of india rubber, or other
resilient material, and preferably I "mill" or otherwise roughen, the periphery
F18 a friction 1oller also of a resilient material, mounted on a pin and slide-a
in the apparatus here before described
A is a fiction 1oller free to evolve on the pin
to it, a grooved disc through which the cord B passes
a" This 1oller has attached
H 18 a sleeve free to move on the casing C which forms the centre of evolu-
tion for this sleeve, and the radial members M of the apparatus To this
sleeve H, I attach the strikeis P1 & P2, which pass through the casing C, and
actuate the tumbler P & the detent 1) shewn in Fig 13.
C1 Fig 14 18 the inner covering plate, which protects the working parts from
the weather, G1, is the housing of casing for the radial members, M
For constructive purposes I make this part separate from the casing C,
although it for us when together one continuous case or housing The outer end
of G 1, shewn Fig 15, I make of such form as to entirely cover & protect from
the weather or injury, the curved portions of the guard G.
66
The outer end of the radial aim R shewn in Fig 13, I also make to coufoi m
with 1, and when this aim is up" and the apparatus closed, I hold it by a
simple catch or detent, capable of being released by either passenger or driver,
as may be required
Having now described in detail, the various parts of my invention, I proceed
to explain the action of the apparatus
"
Staiting with Sheet 3, Fig 11 The apparatus 18 here shewn as if the radial
members and guards were "up' 01 "housed, and the stikers & tumbles P1, P2
&P with the detent D and trigger T in the positions shewn the spring K
being extended, and the roller F out of gea On releasing the aim R from
the housing G1, which as I have explained can be done by one or more methods,
it, & the other aims M will fall, covering the tyre of the wheel as far as neces-
sary and by falling bing the stickers P1 & P2 1ound into the position shewn
on Sheet 2, Fig 3 The striker P1 coming with considerable force against
the tumbler P and thus forcing it against the slide S which would then be forced
into the position shewn, & be held there by the dotent D, the roller I being in

page_text: close contact with the roller A, and the wheel or toller W and ready for action
when the vehicle 18 started,
Upon this taking place, the main wheel revolving in a forward direction, the
fiction gears would cause A to revolve and so wind up the cold B. This would
operate on the sleeve H, and by doing so, cause the strikers P1 & P2 to travel
back to then original positions, the stiker P2 coming into contact with the
tugger T, and thus releasing the detent 1) The sping K which has just been
in compression, being released would force the slide S & the roller F out of
gear, and by the time this has been effected, the radial aim R and the aims M
will be in their housing and held there.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
"
(1) The adaptation of a mud-guard" for the wheels of hansom cabs, or other
vehicles, such guard being attached to the axle of the vehicle, & adjustable to
the varying forms of the wheel.
(2) The telescopic construction of the guard, and the fanlike construction of
the arms which cany same
(3) The housing of the guard in a weather-proof casing, and detention therem
when not requned for use
(4) The fictional construction, with the strikers and details, as fully described
and illustrated in the foregoing specification and drawings accompanying same
Dated this lat day of June 1899.
EDWARD ATKINSON,
Agent for Applicant