IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Aug., 1886.
Complete Left, 18th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 19th July, 1887.
I, WILLIAM WILSON HULSE, of The Ordsal Tool Works, Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN LATHES, to be as follows:-
These Improvements relate mainly to pit or Break Lathes and their chief objects
are to afford greater facility for adjusting the Cutting Tools to the work to be treated,
and for taking heavy cuts, than such Lathes have hitherto permitted. In a Lathe
constructed in accordance with these Improvements, the pit opening in the base plate
is fitted with a plate movable longitudinally in guides in the base plate, towards or
away from the face plate-The movable plate affords support for one or more slide
rest pillars, and enables it or them to be readily adjusted so as to afford great facility
for operating on some of the objects, which such Lathes have to deal with-It is
moved by means either of a single rack and pinion, or of a single screw and nut, or
of twin racks and pinions, or twin screws and nuts, and can be secured firmly to the
base plate at any desired point of its travel.-Sometimes instead of the one plate
movable longitudinally as described, two plates may be employed movable transversely
(one at the front and the other at the back of the pit opening) each of which can be
moved towards or away from the centre of the Lathe to any required extent, and then
be bolted to the base plate. Each slide rest pillar is fitted at the top with a slide,
carrying, inter-changeably, either a slide rest, or a parting-tool rest, as may be
required. The sliding bed is provided with one or more carriages, each having either
single or duplex slide rests actuated either by twin guide screws, or by one, carried
by the sliding bed.-The screw or screws is or are driven, through suitable mechanism
from either one common, or two respective longitudinal shafts, situated outside the
range of the largest diameter the Lathe will admit between centres; and the
longitudinal shaft or shafts, is, or are, driven through suitable mechanism from
the Lathe spindle.-Means are provided for putting the guide screw or screws in
or out of gear with their driving mechanism.-The arrangement of the twin guide

page_text: screws assists materially in giving steadiness to the cutting action when taking heavy
"cuts; and for promoting such steadiness still further, all or any of the guides for
the slides on top of the slide rest pillar or pillars, for the carriages, and for the top
slides of the slide rests, may be formed with V's having their apices turned down-
ward. When the length of the longitudinal shaft or shafts, or of the guide screw or
screws, is such that they require to be supported by intermediate movable bearings,
these bearings are carried upon pivotted supports which allow of their being auto-
matically displaced as required, and which are acted upon by balance weights, for the
purpose of restoring the bearings to their normal positions after displacement.-In
connection with the pivotted supports of each bearing is a sector which engages with
a latch as soon as the bearing returns to its normal position after displacement, and
thus causes the bearing to be held firmly in correct position, until it is again necessary
to displace it, when the latch is automatically disengaged from the Sector to allow of
the displacemont. In this kind of Lathe the feed traverse may be obtained by rachet
mechanism, which may in some cases be arranged to put on the "cut" twice during
each revolution of the Lathe spindle.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, WILLIAM WILSON HULSE, of the Ordsal Works, Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
These improvements relate mainly to pit or Break Lathes and their chief objects are
to afford greater facility for adjusting the cutting tools to the work to be treated, and
for taking heavier cuts, than such Lathes have hitherto permitted.
In a Lathe constructed in accordance with these improvements, the pit opening in
the base plate is fitted with a plate moveable longitudinally in guides in the base plate
towards or away from the face plate. The moveable plate affords support for one or
more slide rest pillars, and enables it or them to be readily adjusted so as to afford
great facility for operating on some of the objects which such Lathes have to deal
with-It is moved by means either of a single rack and pinion, or of a single screw
and nut, or of twin racks and pinions, or twin screws and nuts, and can be secured
firmly to the base plate, at any desired point, of its travel-Sometimes instead of the
one plate moveablo longitudinally as described, two plates may be employed moveable
transversely (one at the front and the other at the back of the pit opening) each of
which can be moved towards or away from the centre of the Lathe to any required
extent, and then be bolted to the base plate-Each slide rest pillar is fitted at the top
with a slide, carrying interchangeably, either a slide rest, or a parting tool rest, as
may be required. The sliding bed is provided with one or more carriages each having
either single or duplex slide rests, actuated either by twin-guide screws or by one
carried by the sliding bed-The screw or screws is or are driven, through suitable
mechanism, from either one comnion, or two respective longitudinal shafts, situated
outside the range of the largest diameter the Lathe will admit between centres; and
the longitudinal shaft or shafts, is, or are, driven through suitable mechanism from
the Lathe Spindle. Means are provided for putting the guide screw or screws in or
out of gear with their driving mechanism. The arrangement of the twin guide screws
assists materially in giving steadiness to the cutting action when taking heavy
"cuts;" and for promoting such steadiness still further all or any of the guides for
the slides on top of the slide rest pillar or pillars, for the carriages; and for the
top slides of the slide rests, may be formed with V's having their apices turned
downwards.
When the length of the longitudinal shaft or shafts, or of the guide screw or screws
is such that they require to be supported by intermediate moveable bearings, those
bearings are carried upon pivotted supports which allow of their being automatically
displaced as required, and which are acted upon by balance weights, for the purpose
of restoring the bearings to their normal positions after displacement-In connection
with the pivotted supports of each bearing is a sector which engages with a latch as
soon as the bearing returns to its normal position after displacement, and thus causes

page_text: the bearing to be held firmly in correct position, until it is again necessary to displace
it, when the latch is automatically disengaged from the sector to allow of the
displacement.
In this kind of Lathe the feed traverse may be obtained by ratchet mechanism,
which may in some cases be arranged to put on the "cut" twice during each
revolution of the Lathe spindle.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. A is an end elevation Fig. B a side elevation,
Fig. C a plan and Fig. Da transverse section of a Pit Latho constructed in accordance
with some of the present improvements. 1 is the fast headstock, 2 the face plate,
3 the bed, with a pit opening 4, 5 the sliding bed, 6, 6' slide rest pillars fitted with
slides carrying slide rests 7, 7 and 8 is a carriage on the sliding bed. The sliding
bed is formed with an auxiliary bearing surface at the front as shown in Figs. B
and D, for giving additional support to the carriage, which is formed on the under-
side (as shown in Fig. D) so as to rest upon this additional bearing surface. The pit
opening 4 is fitted with the moveable plate 9 which can be adjusted longitudinally by
means of the worm 10, worm wheel 11, shaft 12, two spur pinions 13, 13¹ and two
racks 14, 14 which last are secured or cast to the bed. The moveable plato is guided
by the bolts 15, 15, which take into T grooves 16, 16, formed in the bed, and by
means of which the moveable plate is, when adjusted, secured firmly to the bed-Both
the moveable plate and the bed are formed on top with T grooves by means of which
the slide rest pillar can be secured either to the moveable plate or to the bed, or partly
to one and partly to the other. The plate may be either rectangular in plan view as
shown in Fig. C or T shaped as shown in Figs. E, F, G. In Fig. E an arrangement
is shown for shifting the moveable plate by means of a single rack 17. and its corre-
sponding pinion and actuating niechanism as shown-In Figs. F and G. other
arrangements are shown for operating the plate by means of single and twin screws
and nuts respectively. In Fig. F 18 is the screw, mado fast to the moveable plate,
and 19 is the nut which is rotatory and is attached to a bevel wheel 20 operated as
shown-In Fig. G 21, 21 are the twin screws rotated simultaneously by mechanism
as shown, and working in corresponding nuts fixed to the moveable plate-Fig. H
shows the arrangement of two moveable plates 22, 22¹ (one at the front and the other
at the back at the pit opening) adjustable transversely and provided with bolts sliding
in T grooves in the bed, by means of which the plates may be secured in position-
No mechanism is shown for making the adjustments of those two plates, but
arrangements similar to those described for operating the moveable plate 9 may be
employed in case of need-Sometimes only one plate adjustable transversely in the
pit opening may be used-Either a slide rest or a parting tool rest may be employed
on top of the slide rest pillar and either of those rests may be transferred to the
carriage 8. The sliding bed 5 may be fitted with one or more carriages carrying
either single or duplex side rests. The carriage or carriages may be actuated either
through a single guide screw 23 as shown in Figs. B. D. or through twin guide
screws, 24, 24 as shown in Fig. K-In Figs. B. D. 25 is a longitudinal shaft which,
as shown in Figs. A, B, D, is vibrated to and fro on its axis by the rotation of the
lathe spindle through the spur wheels, 26. 27, crank disc 28, connecting rod 29,
vibrating disc 30, connecting rod 31, lever 32, shaft 33, lever 34, connecting rod 35,
lever 36, shaft 37, lever 38, connecting rod 39 and lever 40 on the longitudinal
shaft On the longitudinal shaft is another lever 41, which through a connecting
rod 42 and a ratchet (43) and pawl arrangement actuates the guide screw 23
intermittently in either direction; the ratchet wheel 43 being keyed fast upon the
guide screw The diameter of the spur wheel 26 is double that of 27, so that in this
case the guide screw (when in gear) is operated twice during each revolution of the
Lathe spindle, and each time cutting feed traverse is imparted to the carriage 8-It
will be seen that the longitudinal shaft 25 and the apparatus for driving it are kept
quite clear of the largest diameter which the lathe will admit-In Fig. K 44 is a
longitudinal shaft which has continuous rotation imparted to it from the lathe spindle
through change wheel mechanism and shafting which are not shown-The twin guide
screws 24, 24 are driven by the longitudinal shaft 44 through bevel wheels 45, 45¹,

page_text: Under
shaft 46, bevels 47, 47, 47" (with a clutch between as shown for starting stopping or
reversing the action of the guide screws), horizontal shaft 48, worms 49, 49¹, and
worm wheels 50, 50' keyed on the two guide screws 24, 24' respectively. Sometimes
a single guide screw may be actuated by a similar system to that shown in Fig. K for
the twin guide screws; and sometimes twin guide screws may be actuated by a
similar system to that shown in Figs. A. B. D. for the single guide screw.
either system, when twin guide screws are employed, the screws may either be
coupled together and driven by one longitudinal shaft, as in Fig. "K, or two
longitudinal shafts may be employed each driving one of the screws only-The twin
guide screws in Fig. K traverse the carriage longitudinally by means of two
respective nuts, not shown in the drawings, which are disengageable when required.
51 is a worm gearing with the guide screw 24¹ for the purpose of traversing the slide
rest transversely along the carriage 8 through the spur wheels 52, 53, the latter wheel
being upon the transverse screw of the carriage and being provided with a friction
clutch as shown, by means of which it can be put in or out of gear with the transverse
screw When the wheel 53 is in gear with the transverse screw of the carriage, the
disengageable nuts must be out of gear with the guide screws-Sometimes differential
wheels may be employed in the gearing for driving the guide screws in order to give
quick return movements to the carriage and slide rest. When the transverse traverse
of the slide rest is effected by means of rocking shaft and ratchet and pawl mechanism
as already described instead of by the guide screws, the nuts which gear into the
screws need not be made disengageable unless it is sometimes required to traverse the
carriage along the bed by band.-Feed traverse is imparted to the slide rests 7,7¹
through the shafts 37. 37 (371 being driven similiarly to 37 as shown in Fig. A)
levers 54, 54, chains 55, 55' and ratchet and pawl mechanism 56, 56, 57, 57 are
balance weights for producing the return strokes of the pawls-It will be seen that in
the case of the slide rest 71 (which is shown arranged for traversing transversely) a
guide roller is employed for leading the chain 55¹. At 58 Fig. D and 59. 59' Fig. K
the V's of the slides are arranged pointing downwards instead of horizontally to gain
increased steadiness in the action of the Lathe, and other of the V's may be similarly
arranged Fig. L is an end elevation and Fig. M a front elevation on an enlarged
scale of one of the intermediate moveable bearings for supporting the longitudinal
shafts and guide screws-A pair of these bearings are shown in position in Fig. K-
60 is a bracket which is secured to the lathe bed, and one part of which is formed as a
sector as shown-Pivotted to this bracket are two levers 61, 62, carrying on pivots at
their upper ends the step 63 which supports the longitudinal shaft or guide screw as
the case may be. The lower end of the lever 62 is provided with a balance weight,
and the lower end of lever 61 with a latch pin 64 acted upon by a spring (as shown)
so as to keep it pressed against the sector on the bracket-The sector has a recess into
which the latch pin enters when the levers are in their normal position-The grip of
the latch pin in the recess is not powerful enough to prevent the levers and step from
being readily displaced when pushed against by the carriage, but it suffices to arrest
their motion as soon as they regain their normal position when swung back after
displacement by the action of the balance weight. Sometimes the latch pin and recess
may be so formed as to produce an absolute stop, and in such cases a projection is
provided on the carriage which disengages the latch pin from the recess in the sector
before the levers and step are acted upon and displaced by the carriage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
1. In a Pit or Break Lathe the use in the pit opening of a moveable plate,
adjustable therein longitudinally substantially as shown in Figs. B, C. D. E. F. G
and described.
2. In a Pit or Break Lathe the use in the pit opening of two moveable plates
adjustable therein transversely substantially as shown in Fig. H and described.
3. In a Lathe the combination of twin guide screws reversible by means of a clutch
and bevel wheels and driven simultaneously from the Lathe spindle, with respective

page_text: disengageable nuts for imparting longitudinal traverse to the carriage, and with worm
wheel and spur gearing for imparting transverse traverse to the slide rest substantially
as shown in Fig. K and described.
4. The arrangement of moveable bearing for supporting a long shaft or guide screw
substantially as shown in Figs. L. M and described.
5. The general arrangement of a Pit or Break Lathe substantially as shown in
Figs. A, B, CD, and described.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
Agent for Applicant.