Lighting and Heating Purposes and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1886

page_text: Lighting and Heating Purposes and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firin of Haseltine Lake and Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to reduce the cost of light and heat for domestic, .
business and other purposes, by mixing air and gas in the manner hereinafter
described and transmitting the mixed air and gas through a circuit and distributing
the same in a state adapted for efficient combustion. These results are attained
by the method herein set forth, and the means illustrated in the accompanying
drawing in which,
Figure 1 is a plan representing the mechanism for mixing gas and air, and
transmitting and distributing the same through a circuit in a mixed state, in
accordance with this invention.
Figure 2 is a plan representing the principal features of the mechanism shown in
Figure 1 connected with, and arranged to receive from, a distinct main, and to
transmit air and gas previously mixed and transmitted through such main, which
latter extends to, and through, as many different localities as may be desired.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in both figures.
Referring to Figure 1, A is an air engine or pump of any suitable construction.
B represents a main connected to the discharge side of the air pump A, and
continued by means of pipes B', B2, B3, and joint B, through or around a building,
factory, town or city, and back to the suction side of the pump, substantially as
shown. C is an air pipe or conduit provided with a controlling valve C, and
arranged to communicate with the pump A through a suitable joint B, as shown
in figure 1, or joint B and pipe B³, as shown in figure 2.
The return part B³ of the circuitous main is provided with a controlling valve P,
for a purpose hereinafter set forth.
E represents a pipe connected with a gas conduit, or gasometer, and provided
with an extensión El having a controlling valves, and arranged to deliver gas into

page_text: the joint conduit B*; and with an extension E' having a controlling valve e¹, and
arranged to deliver gas into the main forward of, or at the discharge side of the
pump A.
K is a conduit connected with the pump through the joint B', and arranged to
communicate with the reservoir b, as shown at b', through a suitable automatically
regulated valve, not shown, but which may be located either in the reservoir or in
the said conduit, for a purpose hereinafter set forth.
F, F are conduit pipes suitably connected with the pipes composing the main,
and arranged to conduct the mixed air and gas into stoves and furnaces for heating
purposes, or to burners for illuminating purposes, or to both as occasion may
require.
G is an air and gas conduit provided with a controlling valve g, and suitably
extended from the main, for a purpose hereinafter explained; and H is an air
conduit intersecting conduit G, and provided with a controlling valve h.
L, L, L represents a conduit extended from, and returned to the circuitous
main B, B¹, B³, B³; and N, N¹ represent conduits extended from the con-
duit L, L¹, L; which may be tapped in various places as occasion may require.
The circuitous main may be provided with as many conduits, extended from and
returned thereto as shown, as may be deemed advisable, for a purpose hereinafter
set forth.
D is a conduit intersecting the circuitous main, substantially as shown, through
the joint B, and provided with a valve d, for a purpose hereinafter explained.
The main may be provided with one or more reservoirs b for equalizing the
pressure in the main, which may be composed of gradually reduced pipes, as
shown, in order to equalize the pressure in the parts of the main farthest from
the discharge side of the pump A.
Referring to Figure 2 of the drawing 3 is an air engine or pump of any suitable
construction; and 4 is an air conduit, provided with a controlling valve 5 and
arranged to communicate through a suitable joint 10 with the air pump 3. 6 is a
gas conduit provided with a controlling valve 7, and arranged to connect with a
gasometer and communicate with the air pump, substantially as shown through the
air conduit intersecting joint 10. 8 is a gas conduit provided with a controlling
valve 9, and arranged to connect with a gasometer and communicate with the air
pump, substantially as shown, through the said air conduit intersecting joint.
2 is a main line connected to the discharge side of the air pump 3, and extended
thence to, and through, different localities as far as may be deemed advisable, for a
purpose hereinafter explained.
.13 is a gas conduit connecting the conduit 8, with the main 2, adjacent to but
beyond the discharge side of the air pump, and 12 is a controlling valve for
conduit 13.
D is a conduit connecting the main 2, through a reservoir 1 and suitable joint B',
with the air pump A, and main or conduit B, B1, B2, B³. The main 2 is provided
with a reservoir, as shown at 1, for equalizing the pressure in the main, and may
be provided with a series of air pumps and reservoirs as indicated by the dotted
profile lines at 3, and 15, for the purpose hereinafter set forth.
16, 16, 16 represent conduits extended from and returning to the main 2.
17 and 18 répresent minor conduits extended from. the conduits 16. The main 2
may be provided with as many conduits extended from and returned thereto, as
shown, as may be necessary for the purpose of supplying buildings or towns along
the line of the same, without employing an air pump to maintain the movement
necessary to preserve a suitable mixture of the air and gaa
The apparatus shown in Figure 1, is adapted to be connected with a gas main
through the conduit E, and to mix air and gas, and transmit the same in a
mixed state adapted to illuminating and heating purposes in general, for hotels
manufacturing establishments, or other buildings.
The conduit G intersecting the main as shown, is for the purpose of conducting
the mixed gas and air into a forge or furnace located outside of, or at a distance

page_text: from the building in which the main conduit is located, or at a distance from said
conduit, in the direction of the conduit G. The pipe G is provided with intersecting
pipe H, having valve h for the purpose of admitting more or less air into a furnace
connected with pipe G, as occasion may require for regulating the combustion in
said furnace. A suitable number of furnaces may be connected with the main in
the same manner, and located either outside of the circuit, as indicated, or within
the same, through conduit pipes F, or otherwise; or the main may be located
centrally, and tapped on both sides.
The mechanism shown in Figure 1, is also adapted to be directly connected with
a gasometer, and to mix and transmit gas and air in a mixed state adapted to
general illuminating and heating purposes, through a town or city.
In the application of the apparatus for illuminating or heating purposes at a
hotel, manufacturing establishment, or other building, in a town or city provided
with gas works, the apparatus is connected with a gas conduit through the pipe E
and its extensions E¹, Es, by means of which gas is let into the joint conduit B' on
the suction side of the pump or into the circuitous conduit at the discharge side of
the pump, either or both, as may be necessary for suitably mixing the gas and air.
The flow of gas through the pipes E¹, E' may be controlled by the valves e, e. The
valve C, of the air conduit C is first opened more or less to admit air into the pump A,
which is next put in motion. One or both of the valves e, e¹ are then opened more
or less; the pump will then suck in, mix, and force the gas and air in a mixed
state through the circuitous main or conduit B, B³, B³, B³, Bª, and the conduits
intersecting the same.
Minor conduits L, L, L', and N, N¹, may be extended from the main through a
building or buildings along the line of the main, and returned to the latter as
shown, and such building or buildings thereby supplied with suitably mixed air
and gas, without employing an air pump in such minor conduit to maintain the
movement necessary to preserve a suitable mixture of the air and gas.
By reason of the main or conduit B, B1, B2, B3, returning to, and being connected
with, the suction side of the pump A through the joint B, a continuous movement
and suitable mixture of the gas and air in a state adapted to illuminating and
heating purposes in general, is maintained throughout the main.
The amount of gas and air necessary to produce economical and efficient
combustion, is let in and controlled by the valve c in the air conduit C. The
admission of gas is controlled by the valves in the gas conduits connecting with
the pump and the main. Any suitable number of air induction pipes, and gas
induction pipes may be used, according to the quantity and distance to be supplied
or other circumstances of the case.
Gas and air is supplied to the pump 3 by the pipes and valves shown, or more, if
desired; and is regulated, mixed and forced through the main 2, in a mixed state
adapted to illuminating and heating purposes in general.
In the operation, the regulation of the mixing, and supplying the mixed gas and´
air, will be substantially automatic, as the constant pressure in the main or circuit
will allow only so much to enter as is necessary to supply the consumption of the
mixture.
The gas conduit E is to be used when the gas pressure is greater than the back-
ward pressure in the main, in which case, the gas may be simultaneously let into
the pump through the pipes E¹ and joint B, and into the main through the pipe E*.
The reservoir b may be weighted for equalizing the pressure, if desired.
By reason of the conduit K connecting with the pump A through the joint B*,
and with the reservoir b and the automatically regulated valve mechanism provided
for the same, should the pressure in the reservoir become greater than is desirable,
the valve mechanism will allow the mixed air and gas to return to the suction side
of the pump A through the joint B, and re-enter and be remixed and redistributed
in the main.
.
A suitably proportioned mixture of the gas and air being necessary for efficient.
'or perfect combustion, the mixture is to be kept slightly surcharged with gas in.

page_text: order that a slight addition of air will be necessary, and in order that the mixture
may be modified and the combustion regulated by supplying the. necessary'
amount of air to the stoves or furnaces by draft courses for the same, suitably
arranged for directing air into the same, as may be required for balancing or
equalizing the preponderance of gas. The preponderance of either gas or air in the 5
mixture will be indicated by a peculiar noise during combustion, which noise will
change when the proper addition of air is supplied in the manner stated, which
will be indicated by a peculiar feeling imparted to the hand operating the valve
regulating the fire.
The same method may be applied to supplying a town or city with air and gas, 1
in a mixed state, adapted to illuminating and heating purposes in general, by
providing suitably extended mechanism arranged to operate in the manner specified,
and connected to a gasometer through the pipes D or E, or both or to any suitable
number of additional pipes or gasometers..
The main 2 shown in Figure 2, provided with air and gas mixing and forcing 1
and distributing mechanism, as shown and specified, being adapted to transmitting
gas and air in a suitably mixed state, from one locality to another, the method
herein described may be applied to manufacturing establishments, or other
buildings, towns, or cities along the route of the same, hy providing them with
the mixed air and gas transmitting mechanism, shown in Figure 1, and connecting 20
the same with the main 2, substantially in the manner shown at D, or with the
conduits extended from and returned to the main as shown.
Air and gas in a suitably mixed state for the purposes stated, may be transported
any distance desired by means of a main provided at suitable distances with
reservoirs and pumps for receiving and transmitting the same. Such main may 2
terminate in a reservoir, or connect with conduits for supplying a manufacturing
establishment, or other building, a town, or city, with mixed air and gas, as
circumstances may require.
. Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to 3
me by my foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The herein before described method of mixing gas and air, and transmitting
and distributing the same in a mixed state, and maintaining the mixture in a
state adapted to illuminating and heating purposes, such method consisting in
simultaneously drawing gas and air through intersecting' conduits with a suitable 3
mixing and forcing engine, and forcing and supplying a portion for use through
a main connected with the discharge side of the said mixing and forcing engine,
and extended in a circuitous direction back to the suction side of the said engine,
so as to deliver the surplus of the mixed gas and air, into the mixing and forcing
engine, and thereby maintain a continuous movement of the mixture substantially
as specified, and for the purpose set forth.
Second. In a system of apparatus for distributing gas or vapours for illuminating
and heating purposes, the combination of a suitable air and gas mixing and forcing
engine, the main provided with suitable distributing conduits, and extended from
the discharge side of the mixing and forcing engine back to the suction side of 4
the said mixing and forcing engine, the air induction conduit, the conduits, for
admitting gas into the air induction conduit, and into the main at the discharge
side of the mixing and forcing engine, the reservoir, and the conduit connected
with the reservoir and arranged to communicate with the main at the suction side
of the mixing and forcing engine, substantially as specified, for the purpose 5
set forth.
Third. In a system of apparatus for distributing gases or vapours for illuminating
and heating purposes, having a circuitous main connecting at the discharge side
and terminating at the suction side of a mixing and forcing engine, as specified, and
provided with a reservoir as shown; the conduit connected with the reservoir and 5

page_text: arranged to communicate with the suction side of the mixing and forcing engine,
in combination with the main and reservoir, as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Fourth. In a system of apparatus for distributing gases or vapours for illuminating
and heating purposes, the transmitting main provided with air and gas mixing and
forcing mechanism, as shown and specified in combination with a circuitous main
provided with air and gas mixing, forcing and distributing mechanism, substantially
as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Fifth. In a system of apparatus for distributing gases or vapours for illuminating
and heating purposes, the combination of the direct transmitting main provided
with conduits extended from and returned thereto, as shown, and described,
suitable mixing and forcing mechanism, the air induction conduit, arranged to
communicate with the suction side of the mixing and forcing engine, the gas
conduits arranged to communicate with the mixing and forcing engine through the
air induction conduit, and the gas conduit connecting the gas induction conduit
with the direct transmitting main at the discharge side of the mixing and forcing
engine, substantially as specified for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 20th day of June 1886
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.