AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JUNCTIONS FOR SEWERS AND DRAINS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Doulton, of High Street, Lambeth, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JUNCTIONS FOR
SEWERS AND DRAINS."
Sealed the 4th August 1854, and dated the 30th May 1854..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Doulton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 80th
May 1854.
I, HENRY DOULTON, of High Street, Lambeth, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JUNCTIONS
FOR SEWERS AND DRAINS" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture junctions of clay or brick.
earth suitable for bonding in with bricks in constructing brick sewers, each
junction being found with a socket suitable for the end of the size of the
clay or stoneware pipo it is to receive. For this purpose, each junction is
made, by preference, of a rectangular form, corresponding in thickness with the
brickwork of the sides of brick sewers, so as to build or bond in with the
brickwork. The inner surface is formed, by preference, somewhat concave, and
the outward surface somewhat convex, to agree with the figure of the sewer;
cach such block is formed with a socket, either within its thickness or pro-
truding beyond it, to receive the end of a pipe, and the form and diameter of
the passage through the block is made to correspond with the pipe its socket
is to receive.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Doulton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
DOULTON, of High Street, Lambeth, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Doulton, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Doulton, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Doulton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
JUNCTIONS FOR SEWERS AND DRAINS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Henry Doulton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to bo
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Doulton, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):—
The object of this Invention is to manufacture junctions of clay or brick
earth suitable for bonding in with bricks in constructing brick sewers, each
junction being formed with a socket suitable for the end of the size of the clay
or stoneware pipe it is to receive.
For this purpose, cach junction is made, by preference, of a rectangular form,
corresponding in thickness with the brickwork of the sides of brick sewers, so
as to build or bond in with the brickwork. The inner surface is formed, by
preference, somewhat concave, and the outer surface somewhat convex, to agree
with the figure of the sewer. Each such block is formed with a socket, either
within its thickness or protruding beyond it, to receive the end of a pipe, and
the form and diameter of the passage through the block is made to correspond
with the pipe its socket is to receive.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Each block is made hollow or
interior diameter of the pipes
The inner face of cach block is
Figure 1 shows a section of a block according to my Invention for forming
a straight or right angle junction; Figure 2 shows a section of another block,
according to my Invention for forming an oblique or inclined junction. These
blocks are moulded or formed of clay or brick earth, and are burned or fired in
kilns, in like manner to stone pottery ware.
tubular on the inside at a, to agree with the
which are to be introduced into the socket b.
made somewhat concave, to agree with the form of the interior of sewer, and
the exterior face or surface is made somewhat convex, to agree with the
exterior form of the outside of the sewer; but this is not essential. The thick-
ness of these blocks is, by preference, made to agree with the thickness of the
brickwork of tho sewer. The blocks shown at Figures 1 and 2 are made to
bond in with nine-inch brickwork, but for other thicknesses of brickwork the
sizes of the blocks are made accordingly. The blocks are shown without any
flap traps, but they may be formed to receive flap traps of metal or other
material, in a similar manner to the drain pipes now frequently used in con-
necting drains with sewers.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would wish it to be understood that what I claim is,
the manufacture of junctions for sewers and drains of clay or brick earth
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Doulton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
JAMES LEWIS KENNODY,
3, Cambridge Terrace,
Clapham Road.
HNY DOULTON. (L.S.)