Improvements in Apparatus for Glazing or Burnishing Press Papers, Paper Boards, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 11th Oct., 1897-Accepted, 8th Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. .
Improvements in Apparatus for Glazing or Burnishing Press Papers,
Paper Boards, and the like.
We, HOLMES WRIGHT and JOHN JAMES WRIGHT, of Freedom Mills; Morton,
near Bingley, in the County of York, Paper Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in that type of apparatus for glazing
or polishing press papers, paper boards or like material in which the effect is
produced by a burnishing roller or "bowl" passed under suitable pressure to
and fro over the face of the material treated. And the object of the said improve-
ments is to obtain a smoother and more perfect finish.
For this purpose we more or less rotate the burnishing roller in the opposite
direction to that in which it is moved as it is passed to and fro over the face
operated upon, that is to say: in the opposite direction to that in which it would
be rotated by frictional contact with the face operated upon if it were free to
move.
It is customary to gradually rotate the burnishing roller in one direction with
the object of bringing a fresh portion of the periphery of the roller into opera-
tion in order that it is uniformly exposed to the wear and tear and this motion
usually is or may be imparted to the roller by means of a ratchet lever and
wheel operating a worm engaging a worm wheel on the roller shaft. To more
or less rotate the said roller in the opposite direction to that in which the fric-
tional contact of the paper or other material operated upon tends to turn it we
inay bodily vibrate the said worm more or less round the axis of the roller. This
may be effected by mounting the said worm on a suitable. lever arranged to be
automatically vibrated in relation to the roller.
Dated this 9th day of January 1897
DRACUP & NOWELL,
Patent Agents, Bradford.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Glazing or Burnishing Press Papers,
Paper Boards, and the like.
We, HOLMES WRIGHT and JOHN JAMES WRIGHT, of Freedom Mills, Morton,
near Bingley, in the County of York, Paper Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: —
This invention relates to improvements in that type of apparatus for glazing
or polishing press papers, paper boards or like material in which the effect is
produced by a burnishing roller or "bowl" passed under suitable pressure to
and fro over the face of the material treated. And the object of the said improve-
ments is to obtain a smoother and more perfect finish.
For this purpose we more or less rotate the burnishing roller in the opposite
lirection to that in which it is moved as it is passed to and fro over the face

page_text: operated upon, that is to say: in the opposite direction to that in which it would
be rotated by frictional contact with the face operated upon if it were free to
move.
It is customary to gradually rotate the burnishing roller in one direction with
the object of bringing a fresh portion of the periphery of the roller into opera-
tion in order that it is uniformly exposed to the wear and tear and this motion
usually is or may be imparted to the roller by means of a ratchet lever and
wheel operating a worm engaging a worm,wheel on. the roller shaft. To more
or less rotate the said roller in the opposite direction to that in which the fric-
tional contact of the paper or other material operated upon tends to turn it we
may bodily vibrate the said worm more or less round the axis of the roller. This
may be effected by mounting the said worm on a suitable lever arranged to be
automatically vibrated in relation to the roller.
To fully describe our invention reference is made to the accompanying "sheet
of drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of refer-
ence indicate corresponding parts in each of the figures.
:
Figure 1, is an elevation of such parts of a burnishing, machine as are necessary.
to illustrate the application of our improvements.
Figure 2, is a side view of the same.
Figure 3, is a view of a detail hereinafter referred to..
The curved bed A, (shown in section in Figure 1) the swing arm B, carrying
the burnishing roller Ċ vibrated by the connecting rod B2 from the driving wheel
or crank not shown are all of old and well known construction. The worm D
and worm wheel E for gradually turning the burnishing roller are also old but
to more or less rotate the burnishing roller in the direction of the arrow a figure 2
when it is, moving, over the bed in the direction of the arrow band vice versa
when it is moving in the reverse direction we mount, the worm D in the bear-
ings H formed in the lever H³ having its fulcrum on the shaft, to which the
worm wheel E and roller C are rigidly fixed. Figure 3, represents a view of the
opposite side of the lever H2 and certain other parts to that shown in figure 2.
The upper end of the lever H2 is connected by the rod J to the bracket J³ fixed
to the wall J3 or other convenient stationary object... It will be quite clear from
the foregoing description that as the roller C is passed to and fro over, the bed A
that a rocking motion will be imparted to the shaft E which motion is also com-
municated to the roller C resulting in a superior burnishing effect. The
broken lines in figure 2 show the relative position of the parts when the arm B
reaches the limit of its movement in that direction:
To give the customary gradual rotation to the roller C to prevent it wearing
unequally, the usual ratchet wheel D3 is fixed on the worm shaft D3. The pawl L
operating the ratchet is mounted on the lever M having its fulcrum on the shaft D.
The other end of the lever M is connected by the rod N to an extension L' on the
rod J; consequently as the lever H2 is vibrated to and fro the lever M is alter-
nately raised and lowered and carrying the pawl with it more or less turns the
ratchet wheel at each upward movement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said In-
vention, and in what manner the safe is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1:
A paper glazing or burnishing machine in which the burnishing roller is
rotated in the manner shown and for the purpose specified, substantially as herein
shown and described.
Dated this 8th day of October 1897.
3
DRACUP & NOWELL,
Patent Agents, Bradford.

page_text: 1, HERBERT CHARLES BATH FORESTER of Penybryn, Sketty, near Swansea,
Glamorgan, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention is designed to produce an artificial fuel having many improve-
ments and advantages an especial object being to produce such fuel of the highest
or of a very high calorific power from cheap and easily procured elements to
prevent or reduce smoke during combustion and which will moreover rapidly
generate steam when used under steam boilers etc., etc.
My present invention is as follows:-
First I take anthracite bituminous or any other suitable coal or coal-dust,
lignite, cannel, coke, breeze, or the like and crush or otherwise reduce same to a
powder or more or less finely divided condition suitable for my purpose.
To this coal etc. I may or may not add-according to the nature of the coal etc.
employed and the quality desired to be imparted to the fuel to be made-all or any
one or more of the following elements ;-
Pitch such as coal tar pitch or wood tar pitch.
Resin or resinous substances.
Lime slaked or otherwise.
Napthaline or napthaline salts,
-in any desired relative proportion or proportions.
I may immerse the lime in or otherwise soak or saturate same with petroleum or
the like.
The coal etc. (either before or after being combined with any of the last-named
elements in a powdered or other form) according to my present invention has mixed
therewith a suitable quantity of liquid hydro-carbons such as various forms of
petroleum (or other form of hydrocarbons-liquid or otherwise-may be used) and
this mixture or compound is now introduced into a retort or suitable chamber
(which is sealed or capable of being tightly closed or kept tightly closed and
capable of resisting internal pressure) wherein same is confined and subjected to a
suitable heat under pressure.
Now I have found that by heating the above materials (or any of them) in the
presence of each other in a confined space or chamber tightly closed consequently
under such heat considerable pressure is thereby created (or mechanical pressure may be
used also if desired) and while escape of volatile matter is prevented the said internal
pressure prevents. or practically prevents. volatilization taking place and special
chemical combination and agglutination is caused giving many advantages.
Any suitable machinery or apparatus may be used in carrying my present
invention into practice for instance the coal etc. may be mixed with the other
elements in any ordinary mixer which is advantageously not under heat and the
petroleum added to the extent of say 1 to 20 per cent. according to the original
quality of the coal etc. and final heating power desired.

page_text: The material may be passed into and removed out of the heating chamber or
retort in any manner adapted for the purpose and on emerging from said retort
said material is pressed or moulded into the desired shape or form by any suitable
machinery or in any suitable manner.
Instead of charging coal (with or without the other added elements) with
petroleum as aforesaid I. may similarly charge or enrich hard or inferior pitch,
cannel, lignite, etc. and in either case the petroleum or hydro-carbons may be
either mixed therewith before passing into the retort or the coal etc. or pitch etc.
may be first heated and passed into the said retort and the petroleum separately
forced into the said retort and there mingled with the coal etc.
Dated this 9th day of January 1896.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, HERBERT CHARLES BATH FORESTER of Penybryn, Sketty, near Swansea,
Glamorgan, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
..ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention is designed to produce an artificial fuel having many improve-
ments and advantages an especial object being to produce such fuel of the highest
or of a very high calorific power from cheap and easily procured elements to
prevent or reduce smoke during combustion and which will moreover rapidly
generate steam when used under steam boilers, etc., etc.
My present invention is as follows:-
First I take coal containing sufficient hydrocarbons to effect the result which
I hereinafter describe or hydro-carbonaceous coal in admixture with anthracite
"coal or coke breeze or the like and crush or otherwise reduce the same to a powder
or more or less finely divided condition suitable for my purpose.
To this coal etc. I add-according to the nature of the coal etc. employed and
the quality desired to be imparted to the fuel to be made-any of the following
elements :-
Petroleum
crude or otherwise.
Tar such as coal tar.
Creosote or crosote oils.
Pitch-such as coal tar pitch or wood tar pitch.
Napthaline or napthaline salts.
Resin.
Or other suitable hydrocarbon either in the solid or liquid form.
The coal etc. is combined with any one or more of these elements in a powdered
or other form.
For instance I may use any of the following mixtures in or about the following
proportions by weight :-
(a) Coal 85 to 90 non cont

page_text: Lime (slaked or otherwise) may be added in any suitable proportion as desired
and I may either use the lime in the ordinary manner or I may soak or saturate
same with petroleum or the like-or the use of lime may be dispensed with
altogether.
:
When employed-I find it advantageous to use only a very small proportion of
lime in the fuel viz.: only 1 to 2 per cent. as this very small proportion gives the
best results.
This mixture or compound is now introduced into a retort or pugmill or suitable
chamber wherein same is confined' and subjected to a suitable heat (which
I have found by experience to be about 500 degrees Fahrenheit) without the
injection of steam for instance by a furnace acting on the exterior of the retort.
This heated retort or chamber is sealed up or capable of being sealed or kept
tightly closed in any suitable manner or so arranged that either alone or acting in
conjunction with the fuel material thereby escape of volatiles is prevented or
practically, prevented an essential object of my present invention being to
prevent or practically prevent the volatiles or volatile matters from escaping in
making artificial fuel whilst the mass is being subjected to the heat and consequential
pressure.
In certain cases it may be sufficient to elongate the retort either with or without
reducing the diameter thereof at the entrance or exit or both or so design and
arrange such entrance or exit or both and so apply the heat that a column of cold
or cooler fuel material will during its passage into or out of the retort or both
intervene between the material confined in that part of the retort which is exposed
to the heat necessary to effect the chemical combination or agglutination and the
atmosphere. The material or mixture itself thus forming a seal preventing the
escape of the volatile matters which it is my object to preserve.
By heating the above materials or certain of them in the presence of each other
in a confined space or closed chamber pressure is created and while the escape of
volatile matter is prevented special chemical combination and agglutination results
giving many advantages.
Any suitable machinery or apparatus may be used in carrying my present
invention into practice for instance the coal etc. may be mixed with the other
elements in any ordinary mixer which is advantageously not under heat.
The material is now passed through the heating chamber or retort in any
continuous manner adapted for the purpose advantageously by feeding same
continuously to one end of a horizontal retort or heating chamber along which it
is forced by an Archimedean screw and ejecting same at the other end and on
emerging from said retort said material is pressed or moulded into the desired
shape or form by any suitable machinery (such apparatus forming the subject of
an application for separate Letters Patent dated 28th March 1896 No. 6853) or in
any suitable manner or if desired said material may be used without pressing or in
the state in which it comes from the retort or heated chamber.
The aforesaid heated retort or chamber may advantageously be provided with a
safety valve-in the event of excessive pressure arising.
The above described process of manufacture results in a patent fuel which is not
as patent fuels hitherto manufactured have been a mere mechanical mixture of

page_text: coal and agglutinating material but is a new compound in which the coal has
either been fused or dissolved in or chemically combined with the added hydro-
carbons.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The herein-described process of manufacturing artificial fuel which consists
in first crushing or reducing coal or the like solid hydrocarbonaceous bodies to a
finely divided condition and mixing therewith in suitable proportions the herein
specified hydrocarbons and incorporating same by heating them in the presence of
cach other in an externally heated vessel closed so as to prevent escape of volatiles
therefrom and consequently under pressure and thereafter removing the mass from
said vessel and utilising the same in any well known manner all as and for the
purposes set forth.
2. The new or improved artificial compound of coal or other solid carbonaceous
bodies and hydrocarbons-either with or without other added elements-
incorporated in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Dated this 10th 1
AT
2000
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.