Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Bags of Paper or other Material or Materials, and Machinery for that Purpose.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th Mar., 1894--Accepted, 21st Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Bags of
Paper or other Material or Materials, and Machinery for that
Purpose.
We, ROBERT PRICE STRACHAN, and GEORGE HENSHAW, of The Central
Engineering Works, Lewins Mead, in the City and County of Bristol, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of bags of paper or other material or
materials, both of flat and satchel shape, and either "lined," that is to say, made
of two thicknesses of paper or material, or 'plain," that is to say, of a single
paper or material, and to machinery and apparatus for use in such manufactures.
Bags may be made of one material and lined with another, or the same kind of
material, and either of the same or different thicknesses. For the sake of brevity
we shall hereinafter speak of bags made of paper and lined with paper, it being
understood that other materials are included. Our improvements are applicable
more or less to all bag-making machines in which the material for the bags is
drawn off a roll or continuous web, and in some cases also, with slight modifications,
when the bags are made by machinery from sheets of paper.
Our improvements refer particularly
(1) To improved methods of manufacturing lined bags by machinery and
arrangements of folding and securing the longitudinal seam or seams of the double
tube of paper from which such lined bags are made.
(2) To improved methods and apparatus for mechanically depositing the paste
or other adhesive transversely, in the positions, and as required for pasting the two
thicknesses together and forming the bottoms of lined bags.
(3) To improved methods of forming and securing the bottoms of lined bags
without cross-pasting the two thicknesses thereof together.
(4) To improved methods of forming and securing the bottoms of unlined bags.
(5) To improved mechanisms for use in connection with the "dipper" or bottom
folding plate for regulating the deposit of paste upon the bottom fold of bags
whether lined or plain; and
(6) To special mechanism for conveying power from the body of the moving
machinery to the commencing end of the machine and converting same into the
required intermittent or rotary motion for the transverse periodical streak pasting
mechanisms.
(1.) According to our invention, in forming lined bags, the separate papers for
the wrapper and lining are drawn by one or more sets of rollers from two
separate rolls of paper of the proper thicknesses, and before reaching the rollers
they are turned over together by tubing wheels and guides into a compound
tube which may be more or less flattened. The wrapper and lining are lapped and
caused to adhere longitudinally either both together, or each separately, or in
part only, and the compound tube is subsequently cut off into suitable "bag
lengths.'
The longitudinal seam or seams of this compound tube of paper is or are
prepared and secured in one or other of the following ways:
Where the two papers are separate we may deposit a streak of paste along one

page_text: edge of the lining and one edge of the wrapper by suitably conducting the said
papers to separately disposed pasting rollers, or rollers working in conjunction with
pasting discs revolving partly in paste boxes before the tubing process by which
the seam is overlapped, closed, and secured, the inner and outer tubes being made
with independent pasted seams and each tube being complete in itself as regards
the longitudinal seam; or where inner and outer tubes are joined together the two
thicknesses of papers may be pasted together at the edges and the whole turned
over as one paper and pasted together, three streaks of paste being thus applied;
or the outer paper may slightly overlap the inner paper at one edge, the edges of
both being pasted by a single broad band of adhesive, or a narrow streak is applied
to each, so that when formed into a tube flattened or otherwise the outer edge of
the outer paper will close down on the opposite folded-over side of the outer paper,
and a firm joint of the outer paper is made, and one edge of the inner paper
secured to it as well. The other edge of the inner paper may be left free or
caught by the broad or double pasting, or secured with a separate streak of paste
to the outer or lining paper, or to its other folded-over edge; or other of the
combinations of the lapping and pasting of the longitudinal seam at the lap of the
tube of paper may be used.
(2.) A lined tube with a securely fastened longitudinal seam being thus made
and the lengths of bags being pre-arranged and adjusted, in order to securely
fasten the folded-over bottom of these lined bags we paste together the inner and
outer papers at the place where the lip of the bottom will be closed and pasted
down on the outside of the bag, this we do by depositing a number of crossway or
transverse streaks of paste of suitable width on one or other of the webs of paper
on the sides that come together and at the distance apart required for the formation
of each bag. These cross-streaks of paste are applied before tubing commences,
and their lengths (crossways of the web) need not be greater than the lip which
forms the whole of or secures the folded-over bottom. The apparatus for applying
the said transverse streaks of paste in the proper positions on the webs consists of
either a narrow pasting strip or striker operated in suitable manner so as to be
alternately dipped into a vessel of paste and then to strike and deposit same upon
the web of paper; or the web of paper itself may be intermittently forced down on
a paste-covered roller; or we may use a hollow-edged dipper or striker from
which the paste is expelled at each action by suitable means and deposited in its
position on the web; or paste may be deposited on a roller in a streak; or may by
mechanical means be forced through a slot in a roller and deposited as required on
the web of paper; or by other suitable means such as webs, tapes, or strings.
The motion of the apparatus for applying the above mentioned cross streaks of
paste may be obtained from any convenient moving part of the main machine, the
periods of action corresponding with the movement of the tube and the formation
of bags in the machine, adjustment being provided to enable each streak of paste to
be applied in the proper place.
(3.) Our invention comprises also a method of forming and securing the bottoms
of lined bags without cross-pasting the two thicknesses together as above described;
in this case the lip of the bottom being formed of the outer paper or wrapper only.
To this end the inner paper is tubed on an extra blade in the ordinary former
plate, or we may use a supplementary former plate, suitable supports being used.
The lining is thus kept above the cutting edge at the end of the former plate and
is cut off along with the upper portion of the wrapper by the beater and the top
breaker plate, but shorter than the under side of the wrapper which is cut off
against the end of the former plate; thus a single projecting lip of the outer
paper is left only, which, when the bottom is folded over as usual, comes against
the outer paper again and makes a secure joint. The paste for securing is applied
transversely to the said projecting lip after cutting, before or at the time the
bottom of the bag is folded over.
(4.) A modification of the above described method of periodical internal pasting
of the tube of paper together we also apply to the making of unlined bags. For

page_text: this purpose we deposit a cross streak of paste on the web of paper on the side
which will form the inside of the tube when it is folded, and at the point which will
be the bottom of the bag when formed; this bottom may be folded over and down
as usual with or without a projecting lip; or the single sticking together of the
bag tube at the bottom may form the bottom. The width or shape of the tube so
internally cross-pasted together to form the bottom may be regulated by suitable
adjustable internal or external guides or both combined.
In a similar manner the bottoms of the bags may in some cases be formed by
the simple pasting together of the simple or compound tube without the bottom
being folded over but merely pressed together.
(5.) Our invention also comprises improved means and mechanism for more
effectually pasting the folded-over bottom of any bag, and for this purpose we
substitute for the usual V-shaped dipper-blade and pasting-wood a plain or tapered
dipper-plate with a small roller mounted and working on one side thereof; this
roller on the outward or idle portion of the dipper's stroke takes paste on its surface
from its paste feeding arrangement, and on the return or active stroke while the
dipper blade is pressing down and forming the bottom of the bag, the said roller
comes down on the projecting end of the bag and deposits a quantity of its paste
thereupon, whereby when the lip is folded over by the folding rollers, the joint is
securely made. The folding roller immediately under this paste-carrying dipper
roller may be protected by a cover or guard to prevent surplus paste being
deposited on it; the dipper plate roller may also have motion by mounting its
journals in slots and applying suitable springs so that a somewhat elastic pressure
can be given in applying the paste, and thus the necessity of very accurate
adjustments is obviated. This roller may in some cases also be worked to the
same effect by an independent mechanical motion to that working the folding
dipper.
As an alternative to the above described dipper roller we may paste the bottoms
of the bags by a narrow flat pasting dipper like a hinged flap working with or
independently of the folding dipper plate. To this flap dipper on its outstroke
from the bottom forming rollers a considerable revolving motion is given so that
the paste-receiving edge after leaving the bag bottom describes a part revolution,
and then coming against the paste on a paste-supplying roller above, takes its
supply and returns through the same arc so as to bring its pasting face against the
lip of the bottom of the bag to be pasted; thus paste will always be adequately and
properly deposited upon the lip of the bottom precisely where required and nowhere
else. The revolving motion may be produced by link work or rack and pinion or
equivalent through suitable mechanical connections.
(6.) It is necessary that the automatic transverse pasting appliances should be
situated at the commencing end of the machine where the rolls of paper are situated,
that is, the opposite end to that at which the main body of the moving machinery
in bag making machines is usually placed, hence a difficulty occurs, especially at
high speeds, in conveying the required motion thereto. To meet this we have
designed a special arrangement of mechanism for the purpose, which may consist of
a side rod or a pitch chain and wheels or of a train of wheels, and such appliance
is so connected to the revolving beater or cutter or its shaft, or other convenient
revolving part as to be moved therewith, and this rotary movement we convert
into the required intermittent striking motions of the transverse streak-
pasting mechanisms by means of suitably disposed cranks or cams, or known
mechanical motions arranged in convenient proximity to the said appliances and
suitably connected thereto and tined to perform their individual functions as and
when required, and thus we obtain accurate conversion of power for our purposes.
Dated this 19th day of May 1893.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Bags of
Paper or other Material or Materials, and Machinery for that
Purpose.
We, ROBERT PRICE STRACHAN and GEORGE HENSHAW, of The Central
Engineering Works, Lewins Mead, in the City and County of Bristol, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of bags of paper or other material or
materials, both of flat and satchel shape, and "lined," that is to say, made of two
thicknesses of paper or material, and to machinery and apparatus for use in such
manufactures. Bags may be made of one material and lined with another or the
same kind of material, and either of the same or different thicknesses. For the
sake of brevity we shall hereinafter speak of bags made of paper and lined with
paper, it being understood that other materials are included. Our improvements
are applicable more or less to all bag-making machines in which the material for
the bags is drawn off a roll or continuous web.
Our improvements refer particularly
(1) To improved methods of manufacturing lined bags by machinery and
arrangements of folding and securing the longitudinal seam or seams of the
double tube of paper from which such lined bags are made;
(2) To improved methods and apparatus for mechanically depositing the paste
or other adhesive transversely, in the positions and as required for pasting the
two thicknesses together and forming the bottoms of lined bags;
(3) To improved methods of forming and securing the bottoms of lined bags
without cross-pasting the two thicknesses thereof together.
(4) To special mechanism for conveying power from the body of the moving
machinery to the commencing end of the machine and converting same into the
required intermittent or rotary motion for the transverse periodical streak pasting
mechanisms.
(1.) According to our invention, in forming lined bags the separate papers
for the wrapper and lining are drawn by one or more sets of rollers from two
separate rolls of paper of the proper thicknesses, and before reaching the rollers
they are turned over together by tubing wheels and guides into a compound
tube which may be more or less Hattened. The wrapper and lining are lapped
and caused to adhere longitudinally either both together or each separately or
in part only, and the compound tube is subsequently cut off into suitable "bag
lengths."
The longitudinal seam or seams of this compound tube of paper is or are
prepared and secured in one or other of the following ways:
Where the two papers are dealt with separately we may deposit a streak of
paste along one edge of the lining and one edge of the wrapper by suitably
conducting the said papers to separately disposed pasting rollers, or rollers
working in conjunction with pasting discs revolving partly in paste boxes before
the tubing process by which the seam is overlapped, closed, and secured, the inner
and outer tubes being made with independent pasted seams and each tube being
complete in itself as regards the longitudinal seam; or where inner and outer tubes
are joined together the two thicknesses of papers may be pasted together at the
edges and the whole turned over as one paper and pasted together, three streaks
of paste being thus applied; or the outer paper may slightly overlap the inner
paper at one edge, the edges of both being pasted by a single broad band of

page_text: adhesive, or a narrow streak is applied to each, so that when formed into a tube
flattened or otherwise the outer edge of the outer paper will close down on the
opposite folded-over side of the outer paper, and a firm joint of the outer paper is
made and one edge of the inner paper secured to it as well. The other edge of
the inner paper may be left free, or caught by the broad or double pasting, or
secured with a separate streak of paste to the outer or lining paper or to its other
folded-over edge; or other of the combinations of the lapping and pasting of the
longitudinal seam at the lap of the tube of paper may be used.
(2.) A lined tube with a securely fastened longitudinal seam being thus arranged
for, and the lengths of bags being pre-arranged and adjusted, then in order to
securely fasten the folded-over bottom of these lined bags we previously paste
together the inner and outer papers at the place where the lip of the bottom will
be closed and pasted down on the outside of the bag; this we do by depositing
crossway or transverse streaks of paste of suitable width on one or other of the
webs of paper on the faces that come together and at the distance apart required
for the formation of each bag. These cross-streaks of paste are applied before
tubing commences, and their lengths (crossways of the web) need not be greater
than the lip which forms the whole of, .or secures the folded-over bottom.
The apparatus for applying the said transverse streaks of paste in the proper
positions on the webs may consist of either a narrow pasting strip or striker
operated in suitable manner so as to be alternately dipped into a vessel of paste or
against the surface of a roller or web or equivalent covered with adhesive, and
then to strike and deposit same upon the web of paper; or the web of paper itself
may be intermittently forced down on a paste-covered roller; or we may use a
hollow-edged dipper or striker from which the paste is expelled at each action by
suitable means and deposited in its position on the web; or paste may be deposited
on a roller in a streak, or may by mechanical means be forced through a slot in a
roller and deposited as required on the web of paper, or by other suitable means
such as webs, tapes, or strings.
The motion of the apparatus for applying the above mentioned cross streaks of
paste may be obtained from any convenient moving part of the main machine, the
periods of action corresponding with the movement of the tube and the formation
of bags in the machine, adjustment being provided to enable each streak of paste
to be applied in the proper place.
(3.) Our invention comprises also a method of forming and securing the bottoms
of lined bags without cross-pasting the two thicknesses together as above described,
in this case the lip of the said bottom being formed of the outer paper or wrapper
only. To this end the inner paper is tubed on an extra blade in the ordinary
former plate, or we may use a supplementary former plate suitable supports being
used. The lining is thus kept above the cutting edge at the end of the former
plate and is cut off along with the upper portion of the wrapper by the beater and
the top breaker plate, but shorter than the under side of the wrapper which is cut
off against the end of the former plate. Thus a single projecting lip of the outer
paper is left only, which, when the bottom is folded over as usual comnes against the
outer paper again and makes a secure joint. The paste for securing is applied
transversely to the said projecting lip after cutting, before or at the time the bottom
of the bag is folded over.
(4.) It is usually advisable that the automatic transverse pasting appliances
should be situated at the commencing end-of the machine where the rolls of paper
are situated, that is, the opposite end to that at which the main body of the moving
machinery in bag making machines is usually placed, hence a difficulty occurs
especially at high speeds in conveying the required motion thereto.
To meet this we have designed a special arrangement of mechanism for the
purpose which may consist of a side shaft or a pitch chain and wheels or of a train
of wheels, and such appliance is so connected to the revolving beater or cutter or
its shaft or other convenient revolving part as to be moved therewith, and this
rotary movement we convert into the required intermittent striking motions or

page_text: rotary motions or
Gransverse SUICOK pasting mechanisms by
disposed cranks or cams or known mechanical motions arranged in convenient
proximity to the said appliances and suitably connected thereto and timed to
perform their individual functions as and when required, and thus we obtain
accurate conversion of power for our purposes.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 show sections of the methods of jointing longitudinally the
compound tube of paper from which the bags are formed. The joint is the same
for plain shape and for satchel shape bags, therefore the other portions of the tube
away from the joint are omitted for the sake of clearness and simplicity; for a like
reason the joints of the tubes are shown not completely closed.
a. a. a. is the lining paper, b. b. b. the wrapper paper. The lines or bands of
paste are represented by section shadings shown near the edges of the several
papers.
Fig. 1 shows the method of joining the lining a and wrapper tubes & independently
of each other.
Fig. 2. shows a method of joining the lining a and wrapper tubes b separately,
and pasting the two tubes together. This would require the use of a second rear
paste box.
Fig. 3 shows a method of joining the lining tube and wrapper tube joints by one
broad streak of paste which can be supplied by one paste box, roller, and disc, as
.shown at h, Fig. 9 and 9^.
66
Fig. 4 shows an alternative joint to Fig. 3, two narrow instead of one broad
band of paste being used. Lining" and "wrapper" tubes can be jointed indepen-
dently by this method. The paste can be applied by using two paste discs on
roller h, Fig. 9.
There are several minor combinations of these methods of jointing by differently
arranging the intersections of the papers and the position of the streaks of paste, of
which Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are given as showing the main principles.
In any
of the methods of longitudinal jointing the pasting of the lining tube joint
may if required be dispensed with.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the bag tube, c. c. c. representing sections of the
lines of cross pasting. Their distance apart from centre to centre or "pitch" being
the length of tube required to make a given length of bag, and their position such
that they paste together the lining and wrapper at the lip of the bottoin of the bag
which is subsequently pasted down when the bottom is made as shown at C', Fig. 6,
which is a longitudinal section of a bag. The lining is shown at a, the wrapper
The cross pasting is shown at the sectional lines at C. The ordinary
pasting to secure the bottom is shown at d. This is the same as is used for unlined
bags. For these bags (in which at the pasted down lip of the bottom the lining
and wrapper are secured together by the cross pasting), ordinary former plates to
make the bag tube are used. For the sake of clearness the folds are shown
.somewhat apart.
at b.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of a lined bag formed without cross pasting the
lining and wrapper together at the lip, both sides of the lining a being cut off the
same length and the lip being formed of the wrapper 6 only. The overhanging
lip C taking paste at d when the bottom is formed in the usual manner of making
plain and satchel shape bags on a machine. As the lip C projects beyond the other
three edges a, a, and b, it when closed down makes a tight bottom and dispenses
with the cross pasting together of the lining and wrapper at the lip.
Figs. 8, 9, and 9 illustrate respectively in cross-section, side elevation and plan
the arrangement of plates for making lined satchel shape bags without cross
pasting. The top plate p is of the usual shape employed in making unlined bags,
as is also the supplementary lower plate p¹, except that it does not extend to the
draw rolls h. h. Plates p. p are both fastened to the taper block or back p² as

page_text: usual. The bottom plate p³ is of the ordinary shape for making unlined satchel:
shaped bags, but is not connected directly to the two other plates ppl over it.
The two upper plates p. pl are carried by the usual pillar fand bridge e. The
lower plate p³ is carried by side brackets g which may be fixed to the bridge e
In forming the tube of paper the wrapper b. b. encircles all three plates p. p¹ p³..
The lining paper a. a. encircles only the two upper ones p. pl. The pillar fand!
brackets g are passed before the tube commences to close over.
The tube of paper is broken off by revolving beater i against the end of the
former plate på and the top breaker plate p* (in the usual manner as in unlined
bags), but as only the wrapper paper is under the end of the "former" plate p³ it.
alone is left with a lip projecting beyond the other three edges which are broken
off against the top breaker plate p' in the usual manner. This plate stands behind
the end of the former plate p³ as usual, therefore the wrapper paper broken or cut
off by the end of the former plate has a long lip. The "draw" or feed rolls usual
in this class of bag making machine are shown at h. h.
In making plain bags, that is bags without the side gussets of satchel shape
bags, the top plate p of the former plate and the back plate p² are dispensed.
with.
Figs. 10, 11, and 12 show the mechanisms for the cross and longitudinal tube
pasting, and our improved methods of driving them, a is the roll of paper to form
the lining of the bag, b that to form the wrapper, both carried by suitable spindles
and brackets as shown. a¹ a¹ is the web of lining paper in its progress to be formed
into a tube, ₁₁ that of the wrapper paper. M is the end framing of an
ordinary plain and satchel paper bag making machine, m the extension of the
framing carrying the special apparatus used in connection with the making of lined
bags. R R are rollers for guiding the two webs of paper a¹ and b', r is the rear-
paste box (with pasting disc driven by the web of paper a¹) adjustable on.
bars g¹g to paste any width of paper or either edge of it.
His a roller having a pasting disc or discs H¹ at one end. These are supplied
with paste from a paste box H in which they dip and which can be employed to.
apply the line of paste to the edges of the wrapper paper b, or to both wrapper
and lining papers a and b as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, one or more bands of paste
being applied. Paste box would then be dispensed with, or it may be used
instead of paste box H2, both webs of paper being led that way.
The cross pasting roller P rotates slowly in its paste box P and is supplied with
scrapers k to adjust the width and depth of paste on its surface. The striker S
forces the web of paper momentarily against the paste carrying surface of the
paste roller P and causes it to take up a narrow cross-way streak of paste of the
required width.
The striker S is carried on rock shaft s which is actuated by the lever n working-
on the cam o on the side shaft s' which is driven by some portion of the bag.
machine making equally timed revolutions with the beater i which breaks off the
lengths of tube to form the bags.
The cam o is adjustable round the shaft s¹ for time for making the cross pastings.
The paste roller P is driven by the worm gear 9 on shaft s'. W are the usual
"former plate-" or "tubing-" wheels of a bag making machine; p is one end of a
"former plate."
The roller H and pasting disc H₁ are usual in almost all plain and satchel bag
making machines.
The forming of the lined tube round the former plate is by guide fingers and
wheels as usual, additional ones being used as may be necessary.
The lining and wrapper papers are led away from the rolls in which they are
wound over the several guide and pasting rolls as described, receiving their
longitudinal and cross pastings as described. They come together over the top of
the roller H and there are tubed, folded, cut off, and the bottoms made substantially
as if they were unlined bags, except in the arrangement of lap in tubing, and as.
regards the lip of the bottom as set forth.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The formation and methods or processes of manufacture of lined paper bags
by machinery, substantially as above set forth.
2. In the manufacture of lined paper bags by machinery
(a) The method of folding the tubes and securing the longitudinal seam of
the lining tube and wrapper tube (as in Fig. 1) independently of each
other.
(b) The method of folding the tubes and securing the longitudinal seam of
the lining tube and the wrapper tube separately and securing the two tubes
together as in Fig. 2.
(c) The method of folding and joining the wrapper tube and the lining tube
by one broad streak of adhesive as in Fig. 3, subject to the alternative
method of effecting same by using two narrow streaks as in Fig. 4.
3. The method of securing the bottoms of bags by depositing cross-way or
transverse streaks of adhesive as in Fig. 5 before tubing and subsequently folding
over as in Fig. 6 and securing; and the apparatus for the purpose, substantially
as above described.
4. The apparatus for folding the tubes and securing the longitudinal seams and
bottoms of lined bags, substantially as above set forth.
5. The method of forming the bottoms of lined bags without cross-pasting the
two thicknesses together by forming an extended lip C of the outer paper or
wrapper only as in Fig. 7, which is subsequently folded over and secured,
substantially as set forth.
6. The arrangement of former plates for manufacturing lined bags without
cross pasting, substantially as set forth in reference to Figs. 8, 9, and 9^ of the
drawings.
7. The arrangement of mechanism for conveying power and operating inter-
mittently as required the transverse pasting apparatus, substantially as above
described and illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 19th day of March 1894.