AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MUT EXTRACT
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Rice Randall, of Brooklyn, New York, United
States of America, now of S, Southampton Buildings, Loudon, for an Invention
of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
MUT EXTRACT"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Rice Randall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1881.
HENRY RICE RANDALL, of Brooklyn, New York, United States of America, now
of 8, Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT-EXTRACT."
Ordinarily in the manufacture of malt-extract for brewing purposes from ground
corn or other suitable starch-bearing substance, the malt has been mingled with
the starch-bearing substance at the outset of the operation. If this is done at
that temperature at which the action of malt upon starch is most effective, the
starch is not wholly liberated from the starch-bearing material, and consequently
the yield of extract is deficient. If on the other hand the temperature is raised
sufficiently high to ensure the elimination of all the starch the malt is itself
injured, and failing to act to the best advantage upon the starch it to that extent
diminishes the production of extract.
The object of this Invention is to avoid the disadvantages just indicated, and to
ensure the elimination from the starch bearing material of practically the entire
quantity of starch contained therein, and then to ensure the full effect upon such
eliminated starch of all the malt brought in contact therewith, thereby ensuring
an increased yield of starch from the starch-bearing material and the subsequent
conversion of this eliminated starch into malt-extract by the most advantageous
action of the malt.
To this end the said Invention involves a novel process of manufacturing malt-
extract from raw or unmalted grain or starch-bearing material for brewers' use,
consisting in first reducing the grain or other starch-bearing material to a ground
or comminuted condition, then eliminating the starch therefrom at a comparatively
bigh temperature, substantially as described, next subjecting such eliminated

page_text: starch to the action of malt at a lower temperature for converting it into dextrine
and glucose, or a malt-extract, so that the starch being by the first step aforesaid
completely climinated from the refuse of the starch-bearing material is exposed to
the full action of the malt, thereby ensuring the complete conversion of the starch
into malt extract, and in expressing the extract or liquid from the husks or refuse
through the agency of a reticulated or foraminous apron and elastic faced rollers,
between which the said apron passes and carries the mass from which the extract
or liquid is to be separated. The said Invention also involves peculiarities in the
apparatus for expressing the extract or liquid from the husks or refuse.
In the practice of the said Invention the corn or other grain or starch-bearing
material is ground or otherwise comminuted by any suitable means to a degree of
fineness more or less approximating to that of ordinary corn-meal, preferably
somewhat finer than the latter. This is placed in an ordinary mash-tub or other
suitable receptacle, and subjected to a mashing operation at about a temperature
of from 180° to 212° Fahrenheit according to circumstances, the object being to
use that degree of warmth which will most readily cause the elimination of the
starch-bearing material during the operation aforesaid. The comminuted corn and
other starch-bearing material is placed in the mash-tub or equivalent receptacle in a
raw or unmalted condition, and this first step in the process differs from the
ordinary mashing process in this respect, namely, that during such first step no
malt whatever is mingled with the starch-bearing material, the object being simply
to fully eliminate the starch from such material. This first step completed malt
is then added in suitable quantities, and inasmuch as the starch has been practically
wholly eliminated from the other portions or refuse of the starch-bearing material,
it is exposed to the full action of the malt, and the operation may be conducted at
a comparatively moderate temperature, say, from about 150° to 170°, or at that
temperature at which the most effective action of the malt is secured. By these
two successive steps therefore is secured the total elimination of the starch from
the starch-bearing material, and practically the most advantageous action of the
malt upon the starch, and thus by securing the greatest possible amount of starch
and the most effective action of the malt thereon a maximum quantity of extract
from any given quantity of grain or starch-bearing material is attained, thereby
producing a decided and valuable improvement in the manufacture of beer, ale, or
porter, in other words, of those liquids commonly termed " malt-liquor."
An important feature of the said Invention is the separate treatment of the raw-
corn or other starch-bearing material. The malt-extract or liquid is separated
from the husks or other refuse by means of passing the mass on a reticulated or
foraminous apron between rollers having elastic faces. This feature of the Invention
is of the greatest importance, as the separation can more effectually be performed
in this way than otherwise.
The malt extract may be used in the condition in which it is thus produced, or
it may be congealed by evaporation to facilitate its transportation and preservation.
The apparatus which is employed for this purpose is constructed as follows, that
is to say-
I provide a reticulated endless apron of wire cloth having any requisite fineness
of mesh, and supported at each end by rollers, one of which constitutes a driving
roller to give movement to it, and for this purpose may be furnished with a pulley
or other suitable means for securing rotation.
In lieu of this apron any other reticulated or a foraminous apron may be
employed. The edges of the apron are protected by a binding of india-rubber or
other suitable material.
Arranged immediately under the upper part of the apron is a pressure-roller, and
coincident with this pressure-roller but above the upper part of the apron is another
pressure-roller. These two pressure-rollers are placed in such proximity that
material carried thereto by the movement of the upper part of the endless apron 5
between the said two rollers will carry any material placed upon the said upper
part of the apron between said rollers, thereby subjecting the saine to ‘a great degree

page_text: of compression. These rollers have faces of india-rubber, felt, or other elastic or
yielding material, hence they accommodate themselves better to different thicknesses
of material passing between them. They also operate with a pressure which is
more effective in expressing the malt-extract or liquid from the material than if
they had rigid surfaces.
If desired, instead of a single pair of these rollers, two or more pairs may be
used when it is desired to subject the material to several successive compressions.
Arranged beneath the apron but bearing upon the underside of the lower part of
said apron is a rotating brush. This rotating brush may receive its rotary motion
by means of a pulley suitably attached thereto, or it may be geared either to one
of the shafts of the rollers or be driven from an independent driving-shaft.
The material from which it is desirable to express the malt-extract or liquid is'
placed upon or caused to pass upon the upper part of the endless apron, and the
latter being set in motion moves continuously along, its upper part traversing
forward or inward between the rollers, and consequently carrying the material
between the said rollers and subjecting it to such a degree of compression as to
expel the extract or liquid. The extract or liquid flows down through the meshes,
interstices, or openings of the endless apron and is collected in a trough and
discharged from the side of the latter into any suitable reservoir arranged under-
neath the apparatus. The busks or refuse are carried beyond the rollers, and are
either dropped off from the apron as the latter passes around the adjacent roller, or
are swept off as the endless apron is carried around and in contact with the
rotating brush.
The latter clears the meshes or openings of the wire-cloth apron,
so that as the latter moves upward to receive more material the meshes or openings
are clear and open to permit the ready passage through them of the extract or
liquid as it is expelled from the husk or refuse.
A. scraper may be arranged in longitudinal contact with one roller to prevent
the husks or refuse from adhering to the surface of said roller during the operation
of the apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Rice Randall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th January 1882.
•
HENRY RICE RANDALL, of Brooklyn, New York, United States of America, now
of S, Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT-EXTRACT."
Ordinarily in the manufacture of malt extract for brewing purposes from
ground corn, grain, or other suitable starch-bearing substance, the malt has been
mingled with the starch-bearing substance at the outset of the operation. If this
is done at that temperature at which the action of malt upon starch is most
effective, the starch is not wholly liberated from the starch-bearing material, and
consequently the yield of extract is deficient. If on the other hand the temperature
is raised sufficiently high to ensure the elimination of all the starch the malt is
itself injured, and failing to act to the best advantage upon the starch it to that
extent diminishes the production of extract.
$
The object of this Invention is to avoid the drawbacks just indicated and to
ensure the elimination from the starch-bearing material of practically the entiro
quantity of starch contained therein, and then to ensure the full effect upon such
eliminated starch of all the malt brought in contact therewith, thereby ensuring
an increased yield of starch from the starch-bearing material and the subsequent
conversion of this eliminated starch into malt extract by the most advantageous
action of the malt.
To this end the said Invention involves a novel process of manufacturing malt
extract from raw or unmalted grain or starch-bearing material for brewers' use,
consisting in first reducing the grain or other starch-bearing material to a ground
or comminuted condition, then eliminating the starch therefrom at a comparatively
high temperature, substantially as described, next subjecting such eliminated
starch to the action of malt at a lower temperature for converting it into dextrine
and glucose, or a malt extract, so that the starch being by the first step. aforesaid
completely eliminated from the refuse of the starch-bearing material is exposed to
the full action of the malt, thereby ensuring-the. complete conversion of the starch
into malt-extract, and in expressing the extract or liquid from the husks or refuse
through the agency of a reticulated or foraminous apron and elastic faced rollers,
between which the said apron passes and carries the mass from which the extract
or liquid is to be separated. The Invention also involves peculiarities in the
apparatus for expressing the extract or liquid from the husks or refuse.
In the practice of the said Invention the corn or other grain or starch bearing
material is ground or otherwise comminuted by any suitable means to a degree
of fineness more or less approximating that of ordinary corn-meal, preferably
somewhat finer than the latter. This is placed in an ordinary mash-tub or other
suitable receptacle and subjected to a mashing operation at about a temperature of
from 180° to 212° Fahrenheit, according to circumstances, the object being to use
that degree of warmth which will most readily cause the elimination of the starch
from the refuse of the starch-bearing material during the operation aforesaid. The
comminuted corn or other grain or starch-bearing material is placed in the mash-tub
or equivalent receptacle in a raw or unmaited condition, and this first step in the
process differs from the ordinary mashing process in this, that during such first
step no malt whatever is mingled with the starch-bearing material, the object being
simply to fully eliminate the starch from such material. This first step completed,
malt is then added in suitable quantities, and inasmuch as the starch has been

page_text: practically wholly eliminated from the other portions or refuse of the starch-bearing
material it is exposed to the full action of the malt, and the operation may be
conducted at a comparatively moderate temperature, say, from about 150° to
about 170°, or at that temperature at which the most effective action of the malt
is secured. By these two successive steps, therefore, is secured the total elimination
of the starch from the starch-bearing material, and practically the most advan-
tageous action of the malt upon the starch, and thus by securing the greatest
possible amount of starch and the most effective action of the malt thereon a
maximum quantity of extract from any given quantity of grain or starch-bearing
material is attained, thereby producing a decided and valuable improvement in the
manufacture of beer, ale, or porter, in other words, of those liquors commonly
terined " malt-liquor."
An important feature of the said Invention is the separate treatment of the raw
corn or other grain or starch-bearing material. The malt-extract or liquid is
separated from the husks or other refuse by means of passing the mass on a
reticulated or foraminous apron between rollers having elastic faces. This feature
of the said Invention is of the greatest importance, as the separation can more
effectually be performed in this way than otherwise. The malt-extract may be
used in the condition in which it is thus produced, or it may be congealed by
evaporation to facilitate its transportation and preservation.
The apparatus which is employed for this purpose will now be described in
connection with the accompanying Drawing. Figure 1 in this Drawing is a central
longitudinal section of the said apparatus; Figure 2 is a plan of the same; and
Figure 3 is a transverse section thereof taken on the plane of the dotted line x, x,
Figure 1.
A is a reticulated endless apron of wire-cloth having any requisite fineness of mesh
and supported at each end by rollers B, one of which constitutes a driving-roller to
give movement to it, and for this purpose may be furnished with a pulley A' or
other suitable means of securing rotation; in lieu of this apron any other reticulated
or a foraminous apron may be employed. The edges of the apron are protected by
a binding of india-rubber or other suitable material A².
Arranged immediately underneath the upper part of the apron A is a pressure-
roller D, and coincident with this pressure-roller D but above the upper part of
the apron is another pressure-roller E. These two pressure-rollers D, E, are
placed in such proximity that material carried thereto by the movement of the
upper part of the endless apron between the said two rollers will carry any
material placed upon the said upper part of the apron between said rollers, thereby
subjecting the same to a great degree of compression. These rollers have faces D₁
and E of india-rubber, felt, or other elastic or yielding material, hence they
accomodate themselves better to different thicknesses of material passing between
them. They also operate with a pressure which is more effective in expressing the
malt extract or liquid from the material than if they had rigid surfaces.
If desired, instead of a single pair of these rollers, two or more pairs may be used
when it is desired to subject the material to several successive compressions.
Arranged beneath the apron, but bearing upon the underside of the lower part of
said apron, is a rotating brush F; this rotating brush may receive its rotary
motion by means of a pulley B₁ suitably attached thereto, or it may be geared
either to one of the shafts of the rollers B, D, E, or be driven from an independent
driving-shaft.
The material from which it is desirable to express the malt-extract or liquid is
placed upon or caused to pass upon the upper part of the endless apron A, and the
latter being set in motion moves continuously along its upper part traversing
forward or inward between the rollers D, E, and consequently carrying the
material between the said rollers and subjecting it to such a degree of compression
as to expel the extract or liquid. The extract or liquid flows down through the
meshes, interstices, or openings of the endless apron, and is collected in a trough T
and discharged from the side of the latter into any suitable reservoir arranged

page_text: underneath the apparatus. The husks or refuse are carried beyond the rollers D, E,
and are either dropped off from the apron A as the latter passes around the
adjacent roller B, or are swept off as the endless apron is carried around and in
contact with the rotating brush F. The latter clears the meshes or openings of
the wire-cloth apron A, so that as the latter moves upward to receive more material
the meshes or openings are clear and open to permit the ready passage through
them of the extract or liquid as it is expelled from the husk or refuse.
A scraper G may be arranged in longitudinal contact with the roller E to
prevent the husks or refuse from adhering to the surface of said roller during the
operation of the apparatus.
What I claim as my Invention is,―
First. The process of manufacturing malt extract from raw or unmalted grain or
other starch-bearing material for brewers' use, consisting in first comminuting the
said material, then eliminating the starch therefrom at a comparatively high
temperature, next subjecting such eliminated starch to the action of malt at a lower
temperature, and in expressing the extract or liquid from the husks or refuse
through the agency of a reticulated or foramaninous apron and elastic faced rollers
between which said apron and the mass carried by it pass, substantially as
specified.
Second. The combination of an endless revolving reticulated or foraminous
apron and a pair of pressure rollers having elastic faces, substantially as specified.
Third. The combination of an endless revolving reticulated or foraminous apron,
a pair of pressure rollers having elastic faces, and a scraper for one of said rollers,
substantially as specified.
Fourth. The combination of an endless revolving reticulated or foraminous apron,
a pair of pressure rollers having elastic faces, and a brush for cleaning the
meshes or openings of the apron, substantially as specified.
HENRY RICE RANDALL. (L.S.)