Improvements in Apparatus for Forcing Liquids.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 10th May. 1892-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Forcing Liquids.
I OWEN PEACE WARNER of Orford Green, Warrington, in the County of
Lancashire Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
-
The object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of apparatus used
for forcing liquids to a higher level.
Apparatus for forcing liquids have been in use for a long time past to force
liquids to a higher level, such as charging rams for forcing sewage sludge into
filter presses, Mont Jus apparatus for forcing sugar juice to a higher level in sugar
factories, and ejectors for forcing sewage into an higher level sewer.
The apparatus employed in forcing sludge into filter presses consists of vessels
having inlet and outlet valves for the sludge, which are opened and closed by hand,
and the vessels are connected by compressed air valves also opened by hand as
required, similar arrangements are employed with Mont Jus apparatus and like
apparatus is often employed in chemical works to force acid and other liquids.
The working of these valves cause considerable labour, and at times there is a
loss of compressed air.
.
Apparatus has also been employed to force liquids automatically by means of
floats actuating the air valves, such as those described by Isaac Shone No. 3007-
1877, No. 3524-1878, No. 2624-1879, and other inventors.
My invention consists in constructing apparatus whereby floats actuate air
valves having mechanism of a simple character and less liable to get out of
order.
I provide only one opening for the feed and outlet of liquid, and that opening is
placed at the lowest point of the vessel to ensure the contents passing forward
when discharging, and the inlet and outlet valves are simple, they give full
clearance, and are accessable.
Thus I increase the efficiency of apparatus employed in forcing liquids to a
higher level.
My improved apparatus for forcing liquids consists in constructing a metal vessel
capable of holding a given number of gallons of liquid, the size being fixed
according to special requirements.
The vessel may be circular, egg shape, or of other form, having at the highest
point arrangements for connecting automatic valve gear for using compressed air
or other gases, and at the lowest point arrangements for connecting the inlet and
outlet valve gear for liquid.
The air valve gear consists of one or more tapered plug valves attached to a
spindle having openings in the plugs to allow compressed air to pass into the vessel,
and openings to allow compressed air to pass out again. In principle the taper
plug valves are similar to ordinary plug cocks, with the exception that I provide
more wearing surface and cause them to move automatically by means of floats
inside the vessels. These floats being connected by rods passing through the top
of the vessels so that the lifting or lowering of the floats will cause a movement in a
spindle passing through a gland in the top which spindle may press upon a lever
giving motion to the air valves.
Upon the plug valve spindle I have a lever with two arms commonly called a
bell crank lever, upon the same spindle or one immediately near I place another
bell crank lever with a long arm and weight, the action of this lever and weight
causing a movement to the valve quickly, the principle being similar to that
employed to move the belts to reverse motion in planing machines.

page_text: By such mechanical appliance it is obvious that the float in rising will gradually
lift the bell crank lever with weight until it falls over the centre, which at once
moves the valve and allows compressed air to pass through the valve into the
vessel and as the liquid is discharged the float inside is lowered and finally when
near the bottom the long bell crank lever and weight are pulled back and the
opposite movement is given which will allow the compressed air to escape and the
vessel to fill again with liquid.
In all cases the vessel must be under the liquid feed, but the apparatus will
force the liquid heights according to pressure of air or gases as required.
I attach to the bottom opening of the vessel a three way pipe, one opening being
the inlet for liquid, and the opposite opening the outlet for liquid when dis-
charging.
Attached to these openings are valve boxes which are provided with covers to
allow the valves to be taken out without much trouble, and the valves are of the
flap type with hinge.
The third opening of the three way pipe is connected to the bottom of the vessel
for both inlet and outlet of liquid.
Any kind of floats may be used, and any kind of gases in connection with my
improved automatic air valve gear, but they must be powerful enough to move the
long lever and weight and force the liquid.
Dated this 18th day of August 1891.
OWEN PEACE WARNER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Forcing Liquids.
I OWEN PEACE WARNER of Orford Green Warrington in the County of
Lancashire Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of apparatus used
for forcing liquids to a higher level.
Apparatus for forcing liquids have been in use for a long time past to force
liquids to a higher level, such as charging rams for forcing sewage sludge into
filter presses, Mont Jus apparatus for forcing sugar juice to a higher level in sugar
factories and ejectors for forcing sewage into a higher level sewer.
The apparatus employed in forcing sludge into filter presses, consists of vessels
having inlet and outlet valves for the sludge, which are opened and closed by hand
as required, similar arrangements are employed with Mont Jus apparatus and like
apparatus is employed in chemical works to force acid and other liquids.
The working of these valves cause considerable labour and at times there is a
loss of compressed air.
Apparatus has also been employed to force liquids automatically by means of
floats actuating air valves such as those described by Isaac Shone No. 3007-1877,
No. 3524-1878, No. 2624-1879 and other inventors.
My invention consists in constructing apparatus whereby floats actuate air valves
having mechanism of a simple character and less liable to get out of order.
I provide only one opening for the feed and outlet of liquid, and that opening is
placed at the lowest point of the vessel to ensure the contents passing forward
when discharging, and the inlet and outlet valves are simple, they give full
clearance and are accessable.
Thus I increase the efficiency of apparatus employed in forcing liquids to a
higher level.
My improved apparatus for forcing liquids consists in constructing a metal vessel
capable of holding a given number of gallons of liquid, the size being fixed
according to special requirements.

page_text: The vessel may be circular, egg shape, or of other form, having at the highest
point arrangements for connecting automatic valve gear for using compressed air
or other gases, and at the lowest point arrangements for connecting the inlet and
outlet valve gear for liquid.
The air valve gear consists of one or more tapered plug valves attached to a
spindle, having openings in the plugs to allow compressed air to pass into the
vessel, and openings to allow compressed air to pass out again.
In principle the taper plug valves are similar to ordinary plug cocks, with
exception that I provide more wearing surface and cause them to move auto-
matically by means of floats inside the vessels. The floats being connected by rods
passing through the top of the vessel, so that the lifting or lowering of the floats
will cause a movement in a spindle passing through a gland in the top, which
spindle may press upon a lever giving motion to the air valves.
Upon the plug valve spindle I have a lever with two arms commonly called a
bell crank lever, upon the same spindle or one immediately near I place another
bell crank lever with a long arm and weight, the action of this lever and weight
causing a movement to the valve quickly.
The principle being similar to that employed to move the belts to reverse motion
in planing machines.
By such mechanical appliance it is obvious that the float in rising will gradually
lift the bell crank lever with weight until it falls over the centre, which at once
moves the valve and allows compressed air to pass through the valve into the
vessel, and as the liquid is discharged the float inside is lowered and finally when
near the bottom the long bell crank lever and weight are pulled back and the
opposite movement is given, which will allow the compressed air to escape and the
vessel to fill again with liquid.
In all cases the vessel must be under the liquid feed, but the apparatus will
force the liquid heights according to pressure of air or gases as required. I attach
to the bottom opening of the vessel a three-way pipe, one opening being the inlet
for liquid, and the opposite opening the outlet for liquid when discharging.
Attached to these openings are valve boxes which are provided with covers to
allow the valves to be taken out without much trouble, and the valves are of the
flap type with hinge.
The third opening of the three-way pipe is connected to the bottom of the vessel
for both inlet and outlet of liquid.
Any kind of floats may be used and any kind of gases in connection with my
improved automatic air valve gear; but they must be powerful enough to move the
long lever and weight, and force the liquid.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the drawing hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus on line A, B, Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus.
The letters represent like parts in each figure.
a, represents the metal vessel or body of the apparatus, which is made of
sufficient size to hold the quantity of liquid required to be lifted each time the
apparatus is discharged, b, is a joint in the centre of vessel, c, the top neck of the
vessel and seating for valve gear, d, the bottom neck of the vessel with facing to
receive the three way pipe connection e, which is secured by bolts not shown, f is
the inlet valve box with valve attached inside shown open at h, and j is a cover
to allow access to valve, 7 is an ordinary bend, which may be provided with
flange end as shewn, or spigot, or in any form to suit the connection with inlet
pipes.
The invert of feed pipes should be above or level with the neck of vessel at c.
kis the discharge valve box with valve l, in closed position, m, a cover to give
access to valve, n, an ordinary bend to connect with rising main, o is a float, having

page_text: a hole through the centre to allow the rod to pass freely, p is the float rod, g is a
stop attached to the bottom of the float rod, and is a stop attached towards the
top of float rod.
The brackets is fixed to guide the float rod vertically true. A gland and
stuffing box is shown at t to prevent the escape of liquid when under pressure and
guide the float rod vertically into the vessel. The float rod is provided with a
joint pin at u, which is fitted with a sliding die to suit the link end of bell crank
lever "', this lever is secured to the plug valve spindle w, so that a movement in the
float rod would cause the plug valve spindle to turn; on the other end of the
lever a weight is attached to balance the float rod.
X
On the plug valve spindle a second lever, y, is secured having a weight = fixed
towards the end, and sufficiently heavy to turn the plug valve spindle quickly,
a is a radius plate with lip ends to prevent the bell crank lever and weight z
falling too far, 61, and 2, are the plug valves which are worked by the spindle w.
c and c², are brackets to support the valve gear, and for attaching the air pipes d',
and d².
The apparatus is automatic and will continue to force liquids to a higher level
as long as liquid is allowed to pass into the vessel and compressed air, steam or
other gases, under pressure passed to the inlet air valve b¹.
When in operation the liquid enters at g, through valve h, and into the body
part, a, when it is level with the stop r, the float o, commences to lift the float
rod p, and with it the bell crank levers v and y. As the liquid continues to flow
into the vessel the float and levers raise until the lever y, with weights, are a little
beyond a vertical position, then the weight falls over, taking with it the lever,
and turning the plug valve spindle, and opening the inlet valve b', quickly for
compressed air to pass inside the vessel a-by the same movement the outlet or
exhaust air valve 2, is closed. Immediately the air presses upon the top of the
liquid the inlet valve is shut and the outlet valve 1, forced open and the volume
of liquid passes out of the vessel through n. When the liquid has become lowered
to the stop y, the float again comes into action and with it the bell crank levers,
and continues to fall until the float rod p, has moved the lever y, and weight a
little beyond the vertical position on the other side, when the weight z, falls over
and shuts the air inlet valve quickly, at the same time opens the outlet or exhaust
air valve 62, and then the vessel begins to fill again. e, is the exhaust air pipe and
el, is the air feed pipe.
It is obvious that I may use a three way valve for the same purpose or a
D slide valve over ports, in each case the float, bell crank levers and weights
would give the desired motion.
It is also obvious that two floats one at the top and one at the bottom, inside the
vessel may be used to perform the same work, and the bell crank levers may be
varied in shape and attachment; but the action of a weight moving the valve
spindle by falling from a vertical position must perform the work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for forcing liquids to a higher level, having compressed air valves,
moved by a weight upon a lever falling from a vertical position, substantially as
shown and described and for the purposes specified.
2. Apparatus for forcing liquids to a higher level, having inlet and outlet liquid
valves, floats, and float rods, substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
1