IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS."-A communication from
abroad by Andrew Naudain, of the Town of West Farms, County of
Westchester, and State of New York, James Peacock, of the Town of
Morisania, County of Westchester, and State of New York, and William
Henry Walton, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the
United States of America.
Sealed the 26th June 1863, and dated the 20th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th January 1863.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
The nature of this Invention relates to weaving fabrics in a circle, or any
part of a circle, and to using a plurality of shuttles passing through a warp
or web at the same time, and in carrying the shuttle or shuttles through the
warp by means of friction rollers, pullies, belts, or their equivalent, and to
beating up the weft or filling-in sections.
Now, in order that others skilled in the art may use the Invention, I will
proceed to describe the construction and operation of the loom.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a vertical section of one half of a circular loom, that is, from the
centre to the circumference, shewing some of the principal working parts,
while Fig. 2 is a partial horizontal section on line 5, 5, Fig. 1, showing the
direction of the shuttle or shuttles, and partly in line 6, 6, Fig. 1, showing
the position and direction of the heddles.
A represents a fixed central column supporting the frame, and standing
in the centre of the machine with counter frames to carry any part of
the machinery required for the operation; B, the driving shaft, whereby
motion is communicated to the machine; C, C, are two bevil wheels, one on the
shaft B, and the other on the counter shaft D. On the shaft D there is a
small toothed wheel E, which works in a circle of teeth F fixed or cast on the
table J. The table is made so as to revolve on its axis on the flanges cast on
the main column A, or in any suitable bearings necessary in the construction of
the machine, the motion being given to the shaft; D, gives motion to the
table G by means of wheels E, F, which causes it to revolve at any given speed
or direction required. On the table G is fixed one, two, or more arrange-
ments of pullies or rollers H, H, for carrying one, two, or more shuttles round
the outer circumference of the revolving table; attached to each of these
pullies or rollers H, H, is a small friction pulley or pinion I; this pulley or
pinion I is so arranged that when the table G is in motion it is made to
revolve by being pressed against the surface of the flange J. This flange J'is
fixed stationary on a frame from the column, or if a pinion is used by working
into teeth on flange J, the pullies H, H, are so arranged as to bear when
in motion against two small pullies L, L, these latter being attached to the
shuttles K, by this means the shuttle or shuttles are carried around the
circumference of the loom between the shed or warp. At the same time the
pullies H, H, on the revolving table, and the pullies L, L, on the shuttles are
made to revolve by the motion given to the pullies I, and the pullies L, L,
and K, K, draw or take the warp in an opposite direction to the direction of the
shuttle, by this means the warp is relieved from the friction of the shuttle.
In order to support the shuttle as it is running through the warp, the shuttle
is constructed with three or four small pullies M, M, secured on the top, as
shown in Fig. 2; these pullies M, M, bear up the shuttle and run on the
ring or flange N on the outer side, and on the ring on the flange J on the
inner side; the pullies M, M, force the warp against the ring when passing
over it. The blue lines inside the shuttle represents the " cop or filling; the
outer blue lines represent the warp. The filling is laid from the shuttle at
the letter O, ready to be beat up to its proper place. In order to beat up the
filling after it is thus laid in the warp there is an arm S, which has a "reed"
""

page_text: comb on the front end protruding into the warp. To this arm S is connected
a small rod R. The rod R is connected with a joint on the arm S on one
end, and on the other end is attached a small-pulley. This pulley is arranged
to move in a groove in the cam P. The cam P is attached to the rotary
table G, so that when the table G is in motion the groove in the cam P.gives
motion to the rod R, by this means the arm S is made to oscillate in such
periods as is required to beat up the warp, either in front of or after the
shuttle or both, as may be necessary for the weaving of the fabric to be woven.
I do not confine myself to the precise manner of the details here described
for beating up in sections, as I can beat up in sections by a reed acting from
above the shuttle. In order to move the warp for the passage of the shuttle,
the heddles are fixed on the rollers T, T; these are made to move in sections
round the circle of the machine. The motion is given to them by means of
the cam U; the cam U is fixed on the rotary table G, and is made in such a
form that when the table G moves round the cam U comes in contact with
the stud V, which causes the "heddles" to move to and from the position
required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said
William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TEXTILE FABRICS," a com".
to me from abroad by Andrew Naudain, of the Town of West Farms, County
of Westchester and State of New York, James Peacock, of the Town of

page_text: Morisania, County of Westchester, and State of New York, and William Henry
Walton, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Clark,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the sald
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The nature of this Invention consists in weaving fabrics in a circle, or any
part of a circle, and in using a plurality of shuttles passing through a warp or
web at the same time, and in carrying the shuttle or shuttles through the
warp by means of friction rollers, pullies, belts, or their equivalents, and by
beating up the weft or filling-in sections.
Now, in order that others skilled in the art may use the Invention, I will
proceed to describe the construction and operation of the loom, of which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2 is a vertical section, showing the principal
working parts; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line 5, 5, Fig. 2, showing the
direction of the shuttle or shuttles; while Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on
line 6, 6, Fig. 1, showing the position and direction of the heddles.
A represents a fixed central column supporting the frame, and standing in
the centre of the machine with counter frames to carry any part of the
machinery required for the operation; B, B, are the driving pullies and shaft,
whereby motion is communicated to the machine; C, C, are two bevil wheels,
one on the shaft B, and the other on the counter shaft D. On the shaft D
there is a small toothed wheel E, which works in a circle of teeth F, fixed or
cast on the table G. The table is made so as to revolve on its axis on the
flanges cast on the main column A, or in any suitable bearing necessary in
the construction of the machine, the motion being given to the shaft D gives
motion to the table G, by wheels E, F, which causes it to revolve at
any given speed or direction required. On the table G is fixed one, two,
or more arrangements of pullies or rollers H, H, carrying two or more
shuttles round the outer circumference of the revolving table; attached to each
of these pullies or rollers H, H, is a small friction pulley or pinion I; this

page_text: pulley or pinion I is so arranged that when the table G is in motion it is
made to revolve by being pressed against the surface of the flange J. This
flange J is fixed stationary on a frame from the column, or if a pinion is used
by working into teeth on the flange J, the pullies H, H, are so arranged as to
bear when in motion against two small pullies L, L, these latter being
attached to the shuttles K, K, by this means the shuttle or shuttles are carried
around the circumference of the loom between the shed or warp, at the
same time the pullies H, H, on the revolving table, and the pullies L, L, on
the shuttles are made to revolve by the motion given to the pulley I, and the
pullies L, L, and K, K, draw or take the warps in an opposite direction to the
direction of the shuttle, by this means the warp is relieved from the friction
of the shuttles. In order to support the shuttle as it is running through the
warp, the shuttle is constructed with three or four small pullies M, M, secured
on the top, as shown in Fig. 2; these pullies M, M, bear up the shuttle and
run on the ring or flange N on the outerside, and on the ring on the flange J
on the inner side the pullies M, M, force the warp' against the ring when
passing over it. The blue lines inside the shuttle represent the "cop" or filling,
the outer blue lines represent the warp. The filling is laid from the shuttle at
the letter O ready to be beat up to its proper place. In order to beat up the
filling after it is thus laid in the warp there is an arm S, which has a reed or
comb on the front end protruding into the warp; to this arm S is connected a
small rod R. The rod R is connected with a joint on the arm S on one end,
and on the other end is attached a small pulley. This pulley is arranged to
move in a groove in the cam P. The cam P is attached to the rotary table G,
so that when the table G is in motion, the groove in the cam P gives motion
to the rod R, by this means the arm S is made to oscillate at such periods as
is required to beat up the warp either in front of or after the shuttle or both,
as may be necessary for the weaving of the fabric to be woven.
I do not confine myself to the precise manner of the details, here described,
for beating up in sections, as I can beat up in sections by a reed acting from
above the shuttle. In order to move the warp for the passage of the shuttle,
the "heddles" are fixed on the rollers T, T. These are made to move in sections
round the circle of the machine. The motion is given to them by means of
the cam U. The cam U is fixed on the rotary table G, and is made in such
a form that when the table G moves round, the cam U comes in contact with
the stud V, which causes the heddles to move to and from the position
required.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not bind

page_text: myself to the exact details herein mentioned, as numerous mechanical motions
may be in detail varied and applied to any part of the machine above described,
such as the application of the feed stop, take-up, and selvedge motions com-
mon to all looms, and need not here be specified, as they will be merely varia-
tions of well-understood motions, to adapt them to this loom in such manner
as may be required in its construction; but what I claim as the Invention and
desire to secure by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the carrying or driving of a shuttle or shuttles around the circum-
ference, or in a segment or any part of a circle.
Secondly, the use and application of one or more friction rollers, pullies, or
belts or their equivalent for carrying or driving the shuttle or shuttles through
the warp instead of the ordinary picking-stick motion.
Thirdly, the beating-up of the weft or filling-in sections alternately, either in
front of or after the shuttle, or both, and also in using a separate comb heddle
for beating up with.
Fourth, I also claim the use and application of a plurality of shuttles
running through the same warp at the same time; I also claim the running
of one or more shuttles continually through the warp, with or without any
reciprocation.
Fifthly, I also claim the use and application of supporting rails, rims, or
flanges, or their equivalents, introduced to support and give direction to the
shuttle or shuttles when in motion, said rails being arranged either in a circle,
a segment of a circle, or in a direct line when used in a reciprocating loom
wherein the shuttle is driven by friction rollers, pullies, or belts.
Sixthly, I claim the use and application of the revolving table or disc G
introduced in the centre of the loom for the purposes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
W. G. E. SWINNOCK,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)