A New or Improved Hydraulic Speed Governor for Motors.
Year: 1889

page_text: A New or Improved Hydraulic Speed Governor for Motors.
I, RUDOLF MARGGRAFF, Engineer of Tompelhofer Ufer 16a Berlin in the Empire
of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner tha
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
་་
The object of this invention is to construct a speed-governor for motors of any
kind for instance steam- or gas-engines, turbines or other water motors, which shall
bo free from the inconveniences of the usual centrifugal governors which all. even the
best in construction or system, pernit of quicker travel of the motor with light load
than with heavy load.
The invention consists in a hydraulic speed governor constructed to embody or
practically carry out a novel principle in such governors, which shall maintain a
uniform speed for light or heavy load.
A further object of the invention is to so construct the said governor, that it may
be adjusted, during work or otherwise, for faster or slower travel of the motor.
In order that my invention may be better understood, I have appended hereto a
sheet of drawings in which Figure 1, is a vertical section of the novel speed governor,
Fig. 2 being an elevation thereof slightly modified in a minor particular hereinafter
referred to.
The governor mainly comprises a chamber in which a weighted ram or cylinder
plunges, and which is provided with an open or free outlet capable of adjustment,
and an inlet in connection with the delivery of a force pump.
The ram is connected so that its movement may control the motion of the motor
and the force pump is driven direct by the motor so that its speed varies with the
speed of the motor.
In carrying the invention into effect; I construct a sinall suction and force pump a
in any convenient well known manner and connect the plunger or ram 6 to the motor
as aforesaid (as for instance in the drawing in which this is done by the arm & fixed
upon the valve rod c of an horizontal engine. The delivery of the pump provided
with the usual valve leads to the chamber e the only outlet of which is through the
cock f. which may be adjusted at any time with great accuracy and minuteness

page_text: through the segment on the spindle of the plug of the cock f, the worm engaging
with said segment, and the hand wheel i or the like on the shaft of the worm h,
The cock f, is caused to opon into the chamber m, and the latter is in communication
with the suction port of the pump a provided with the usual valve. There descends
into the chamber e through suitable stuffing boxes or jackings, the ram & of com-
paratively large diameter, and the latter is provided with the desired load according
to the pressure that is to obtain in the chamber e. The load may be applied to the
ram & in any convenient manner provided its effective gravity may be adjusted, for
instance as in Fig. 1 or 2, the latter being perhaps proferable for larger engines. The
lover o is pivoted to a standard or sustaining rod r hinged to the frame or case of the
governor, the rain & being pivoted to the lover at n and the rod pats, the said rod p
controlling either the throttle valve or other device for controlling the power given
to the motor so that the movement of the ram k may operate directly or indirectly as
desired for the control of the motor so that the supply of power may be always pro-
portionato to the load and a constant rate of speed be maintained.
The governor is provided with a sufficient quantity of water, or oil, or glycering or
any other suitable liquid.
The operation of the governor is as follows, the weight of thọ ram & being constant,
the ram exercises a constant pressure in the chamber e and consequently causes a
continually equal outflow of the liquid through the cock As long as tho niotor
runs at a constant speed the supply of liquid to the chamber from the pump u is
uniform and constant for equal periods of time. As soon as the motor however
commences to run at a faster or slower rate the amount of liquid delivered in a period
of time by the pump a increases or diminishes accordingly and the rain is con-
sequently lifted or allowed to fall, causing the motor to be regulated to its normal
speed.
The power of a centrifugal governor is not as a rule large enough to enable it to
be used directly to the controlling of the power supply more especially where sensitivo
government is required. With the novel governor however hereindescribed direct
government is more feasible as the operating power of the governor may be made of
practically any degree of force without materially altering the tension in the chamber e
by using rams or different diameters. Thus if the area of cross section of tho
rain be 20 cubic centimeters and the pressure in the chamber e is to be 10 atmo-
spheres the weight and ram k should be effective at 200 kilograms. If the
regulation of the motor required a force of 10 kilograms the tension in the chamber e
would only vary by 5 per cent, at the moment of regulating to return immediately
thereafter to its normal pressure. The quantity of liquid passing through cock in a
period of time will only alter in the proportion of to where : his tho
proportion between the atmospheric pressures, in this case therefore as ✓ 10 : √ 10·5
or =
L
so that the sensitiveness of the governor is hardly influenced at all by
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the force required to control the motor even where the same is large.
In using such a governor to control the revolutions of a turbino where the head of
water varies and is not under control or in other like cases where a constant speed
of revolution is to be maintained in a motor driven by a variable and uncontrolled
power, tho governor may be caused to operate a brake of any suitable construction to
restrain the motor in proportion to the excess of power applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is ;-
n
1) An hydraulic governor for motors, in which the supply of liquid to a chamber e
is controlled by the speed of the motor, said chamber e having an outlet and a movablo
piston in connection for control of the speed of the motor.
2) An hydraulic governor comprising in combination a chamber e, an adjustable
outlet cock thereto, a force pump a b oporated by the motor for supply of liquid to

page_text: said chamber e and a ram k in said chamber adapted to control the speed of the motor
substantially as set forth.
3) The combination with the chamber e with outlet, and suction and force
pump a b; of the reservoir m substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4) The combination with the chamber e of the outlet cock f, segment or
equivalent g, worm and hand wheel or equivalent i substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Dated this 2nd day of February 1889.
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.