Improvements in Ventilating and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 10th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating and in Apparatus therefor.
I JOSEPH LEATHER of Broad Green, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to the ventilation of dwelling houses, carriages, ships and
other stationary or moving structures and to apparatus or appliances therefor.
The object is to provide improved means and apparatus or appliances whereby
fresh air shall be admitted into-and foul or vitiated air removed from--such
structures in the required quantities and practically free from solid particles or
objectionable matter.
The invention consists First in dividing the air for ventilation into two or more
streams in such manner that the solid particles or objectionable matter are removed
from the air entering the structure to be ventilated, and only such air as is free
from the said solid particles or objectionable matter is admitted into the said
structure.
Second. In providing the said structure with a projection or projections having
perforations or deflectors or both, so disposed and proportioned that when air
strikes against the said projection or projections in case of stationary structures or
when the said projection or projections strikes or strike against the air when applied
to moving structures, the said air is divided into two or more streams in such
manner that the solid particles or objectionable matter are carried away by one air
current or set of air currents, whilst the other air current or set of air currents enter
the structure to be ventilated.
Third. In constructing ventilating appliances with an eduction way between two
parallel or nearly parallel projections.
Fourth. In combining with the apparatus or appliances under the second part a
projection or projections for causing air to be educed from the structure to be
ventilated.
Fifth. In combining with the said air inducing and educing apparatus or
appliances air ways or passages for directing the air to and removing it from the
interior of the structure in the required quantities and in the desired directions.
Sixth. In combining with my said improved ventilating apparatus or appliances
as hereinbefore described valves or devices for regulating and controlling the
induction and eduction of air.
Seventh. In combining with ventilating apparatus or appliances under my
invention as herein before described a weather guard or guards outside the inlet and
outlet ways to exclude rain from the interior of the said apparatus or appliances
and to prevent rain from entering the space to be ventilated."
Eighth. In so pivoting or carrying ventilating appliances as that they may be
moved by hand or otherwise so as to act at will as inductors or eductors or entirely
close the ventilating ways.
Dated the Sixth day of November 1890.
Per pro J. T. KING,
J. Johnson,
Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating and in Apparatus therefor.
I JOSEPH LEATHER of Broad Green Liverpool in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The invention relates to the ventilation of dwelling houses, carriages, ships, and
other stationary or moving structures, and to apparatus or appliances therefor.
The object is to provide improved means and apparatus or appliances whereby
fresh air shall be admitted into, and foul or vitiated air removed from-such
structures in the required quantities and practically free from solid particles or
objectionable matter."
The invention consists First in dividing the air for ventilation into two or more
streams in such manner that the solid particles or objectionable matter are removed
from the air entering the structure to be ventilated, and only such air as is free
from the said solid particles or objectionable matter is admitted into the said
structure.
Second. In providing the said structure with a projection or projections having
perforations or deflectors or both, so disposed and proportioned that when air
strikes against the said projection or projections in case of stationary structures, or
when the said projection or projections strikes or strike against the air when applied
to moving structures, the said air is divided into two or more streams in such
manner that the solid particles or objectionable matter are carried away by one air
current or set of air currents, whilst the other air current or set of air currents
enter the structure to be ventilated.
Figure 1 is a horizontal section and Figure 2 a face view of one construction of
ventilating apparatus under the second part of my invention suitable for carrying
the first part of my invention into effect. a indicates a wall of the structure to be
ventilated, is an opening through the said wall for the passage of air into the
structure. c is a projection made with an aperture d and deflectors e so disposed
that when the structure passes through the atmosphere, or air blows against the
projection, the air is divided into two streams part of which passes through the
aperture carrying with it solid particles or objectionable matter, whilst part is
deflected through the opening into the structure. The aperture may be sub-
divided by partitions.
Figure 3 is a plan and Figure 4 an elevation of a modification of ventilating
apparatus under the second part where the deflecting plates e are so disposed that
part of the air with solid particles and objectionable matter is thrown off by the
said plates e whilst the residue enters the structure.
Third. In constructing ventilating appliances with an eduction way between two
parallel or nearly parallel projections.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section and Figure 6 is a vertical section of ventilating
apparatus under the above third part of my invention, here two nearly parallel
projections, are disposed so as to form an eduction way y leading from the
opening b. valve to prevent inflow of air. The projections f, f' may be fitted
with plates for partially closing the opening if desired. It will be obvious that
these educers may be used with the other parts of my invention.
Fourth. In combining with the apparatus or appliances under the second part, a
projection or projections for causing air to be educed from the structures to be
ventilated.
Fifth. In combining with the said air inducing and educing apparatus or
appliances airways or passages for directing the air to-and removing it from-the
interior of the structure in the required quantities and in the desired directions.
Sixth. In combining with my said improved ventilating apparatus or appliances

page_text: as herein before described, valves or devices for regulating and controlling the
induction and eduction of air.
e are
Figure 7 is a horizontal section, Figure 8 a face view, and Figure 9 a transverse
section of ventilating apparatus illustrative more particularly of the above fourth,
fifth, and sixth parts of my invention—there, induction apparatus c is combined
with eduction apparatus f, there being one opening & for the entry of air into the
structure, and another through which air leaves the said structure.
additional air deflecting plates for preventing solid particles and objectionable
matter from entering the structure, the apertures b, 6', are so directed, either
upwards, downwards, or horizontally and are so proportioned, that air is caused to
enter and leave the structure in the required directions and volumes. valves for
controlling and shutting off the flow of air. To increase the induction effect the
projections may be furnished with wings as shown by the dotted line Figure 8 with
or without apertures.
Figure 10 is a view showing the induction and eduction projections separated
from each other. In Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, the induction and eduction projections
will act as eductors or inductors upon reversal of motion of the structure or air
currents.
Seventh. In combining with ventilating apparatus or appliances under my
invention as hereinbefore described, a weather guard or guards outside the inlet and
outlet ways to exclude rain from the interior of the said apparatus or appliances,
and to prevent rain from entering the space to be ventilated.
Figure 11 is a sectional view illustrative of the seventh part of my invention,
here the opening is provided with weather boards or guards to prevent rain
from beating into the interior of the structure.
Eighth. In so pivoting or carrying ventilating appliances that they may be used
by hand or otherwise, so as to act at will as inductors or eductors.
Figure 12 is a sectional view of apparatus under the eighth part, here the
projection c is made with an aperture d and deflectors e for separating the solid and
objectionable matter from the stream of air entering the structure. The whole is
fixed to a spindle k carried in bearings 1 secured to the wall of the structure so that
the appliance may be turned round an axis and serve either as an inductor or
eductor. A valve may be used to close the opening b if desired.
It will be obvious that the appliances under the various heads may be combined
in many ways to operate conjointly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is :-
First. Dividing air for ventilation into two or more streams substantially in the
manner and for the purpose set forth under the first part.
Second. Ventilating apparatus constructed and combined substantially as set
forth under the second to eighth parts inclusive, of my invention.
Third. Ventilating apparatus for simultaneously inducing and educing air
ubstantially as set forth.
Dated the 5th day of September 1891.
Per pro J. T. KING,
W. B. Johnson,
Agent.