IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR DRAINAGE OR SANATORY PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Hargreaves, of Arden House, near
Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR DRAINAGE OR SANATORY PURPOSES."
Sealed the 6th November 1868, and dated the 11th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Hargreaves at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1863.
I, BENJAMIN HARGREAVES, of Arden House, near Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR DRAINAGE OR SANATORY PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist in making earthenware tiles of a conical or
taper-ended shape, so that the conical or taper end of one tile fits into
the wide end of the next one, and thus prevent them being stopped by
obstructions.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of tho Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Hargreaves in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
HARGREAVES, of Arden House, near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Benjamin Hargreaves, Her special license that I, the said Benjamin
Hargreaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Benjamin Hargreaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR DRAINAGE OR SANATORY PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Hargreaves, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Hargreaves, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
These improvements consist in making earthenware tiles, or tiles of other
material, of a conical or taper shape, or otherwise of a conical or taper ended
shape (whether plain or fluted on the surface or depressed at the ends), so
that the smaller end of one tile fits into the larger end of another or next
adjoining tile, thus preventing the ends becoming disconnected from each
other by the settlement of the ground on which they rest, such sides also not
admitting dirt or other obstructions getting in at the junctions and impeding
the flow of water or other liquids through them. The said tiles also admit
of being laid in curved courses in the ground, or having branches affixed to

page_text: the sides of them, on the conical or taper principle of joints as aforesaid, for
cross drains, the whole being thereby coupled together, and forming a per-
manent and enduring system of drainage.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I
desire it to be understood that I claim making earthenware tiles, or tiles of
other other material, of a conical or taper shape.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Hargreaves, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
BENJAMIN HARGREAVES. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Benjamin Har-
greaves, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.