and analogous Purposes.
Year: 1885

page_text: and analogous Purposes.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication from abroad by John Thomson of 9 Spruce
Street, in the City, County and State of New York United States of America,
Engineer) and in what manner the saine is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to presses for printing, embossing, stamping and the like,
of that class in which great impressional power is required with a wide swing or
opening of the platen whereby to readily insert the work to be acted upon.
Such machines are usually known as vibrating bed-and-platen or "jaw" presses,
in which the face of the bed may be vertical or at an angle to the vertical, depending
upon special requirements.
My invention consists, first, in means for controlling the action of the vibrating
block platen or bed of the machine; second, in an improved arm or crank for
operating the block platen or bed, and, third, in the combination of these
elements.
To clearly illustrate the nature of the invention reference is made to the
accompanying drawings in which―
Fig. 1. is a side elevation of a press for stamping, embossing, or the like in which
my devices are illustrated.
Fig. 2. is a partial top plan view projected from Fig. 1. and looking in the
direction of the arrow in said figure.
Fig. 3. is a detached sectional view enlarged, on the line C of Fig. 1, looking in
direction of arrow 7.
Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrams illustrating the said rolling_action.
Fig. 6. is an enlarged sectional view of crank on line D, of Fig. 1.
In common use there are two modes of controlling the action of vibrating blocks
or platens of the class herein referred to, first, platens swung from a fixed pivot or
[Price 8d.]
3

page_text: joint, second, platens which are rolled back and forth on a table or seats. A portion
of my invention relates entirely to the latter, namely: rolling or rocking platens.
This action gives two very desirable features not readily obtainable otherwise,
namely, a wide opening of platen to lay the sheet or work to be impressed and a
direct slide to the bed during the impression, the faces of both bed and platen
being maintained perfectly parallel each to the other.
The manner of controlling this action heretofore has been to connect the rolling
platen to the frame by a link and springs, in a manner well and usually known.
The objections to this arrangement are that the rolling motion is changed to the
direct sliding action very abruptly, causing objectionable shock, jar and vibration,
that the link describes the arc of a circle while all points in the platen, if left free,
would describe arcs of cycloidal curves, (as will be described hereinafter more
fully); hence the link forces the platen to act in the curve of the link, resulting in
a differentially rolling and grinding action. In addition, the platen is liable to be
accidentally slipped from its proper relative position on the table or seats, when
the platen will not lock or engage properly and the entire machine is then liable to
be broken.
'
The usual and generally preferable manner of operating such platens has been on
horizontal tables or seats, as any variation therefrom simply adds to the danger and
difficulty of controlling the movement by links and springs.
While
The usual mode of actuating such platens is by a crank of fixed radius.
this may be satisfactory for ordinary printing presses, it is objectionable for very
heavy work in that the crank requiring too great a radius to "throw" the platen
open, it correspondingly fails in making the impression.
By my invention the following results are obtained.
First. The action of the platen is a true rolling movement without abrasion.
Second. The change of motion, as from rolling to direct, or vice versa, is effected
without shock or jar.
Third. The platen is positively locked against accidental displacement.
Fourth. The platen may be operated either on a horizontal table or at any angle
thereto wherein the centre of gravity of the platen does not pass the vertical.
Fifth. The crank is of variable radius, to obtain great power during the
impression and a long throw thereafter to swing the platen.
In the following description I purposely treat the several phases of the subject
separately, in the order just referred to.
The part 8 to which the combined rocking and sliding movements are imparted
is termed a block, and the other part 9, to and from which the block 8, is to be
moved is termed a bed, the block carrying a face plate or platen 10, which is to be
brought parallel to the face 11, of the bed 9, the latter in the construction shown
being secured fixedly to the frame 12, of the apparatus; and the block 8, resting
upon the face 13, of the inclined table 14, secured to said frame.
The block is provided with a curved face or rocker 15, and the latter
preferably merges into a flat face 16, so that the block may slide upon the
table 14, with its flat face in contact therewith and also rock upon the said table
upon its curved face 15. It is not essential however, to have the curved face of
the rocking block terminate in a flattened portion, as the entire lower face of the
block which moves over and upon the face 13, of the table may be curved.
The face 15 in the construction shown is curved to correspond to the arc of a
circle whose centre at 17 is upon a line or plane extending through the axis of a
trunnion 18, by which a reciprocating arm or lever 19, is journalled to the side of
the block 8, but it is not essential in all instances that the face of the block shall
correspond to a circle having its centre as described, or that it shall correspond to
a regular curve as in some instances the curve may be parabolic or otherwise where
it is desired to impart a varying rocking motion to the block.
With the parts constructed as above described is also combined a guide plate 20,
secured to the block or forming a part thereof and moving therewith and extending

page_text: downward past the edge of the table and provided with a slot 21, receiving a
stud 22, projecting from the edge of the table, the said stud carrying a friction
roller 23, acting in the said slot. The slot 21 consists essentially of two sections,
to wit; a curved section between the points x and y, a straight section between
the points and u, and an elbow or intermediate section uniting the curved and
straight sections between the points y and z, and the slot thus formed in connection
with the friction roller 23, and stud 22, serves to insure the true rolling action and
the reciprocating sliding action of the block.
The particular form of the curved portion of the slot between the points x and y,
depends upon that of the curved face 15, of the block. Thus when the said face
conforms to the arc of a circle having its centre at the point 17, the curve of the
slot between x and y will be cycloidal and corresponds to the path that would be
traced by a point in the centre of the stud 22, through the guide plate 20, as the
block 8 rocks upon the table 14, but it will be apparent that this portion of the
slot will be of a different form if the curved face of the block itself is cycloidal or
elliptical, or of other than a form corresponding to a circle.
The straight portion of the slot when the block is at the termination of its
forward rocking movement is parallel with the plane in which the block is caused
to slide, and as shown, the connecting portion of the slot between the points y
and 2, corresponds to the arc of a circle.
When the parts are in the position shown in the full lines of Fig. 1, the forward
movement of the arm 19 will cause the block to slide forward to position indicated
by dotted outline a, the stud and friction roller in connection with the straight
portion of the slot serving to guide the block, so that while it moves forward in a
straight line it will have no rocking motion, and its face will be preserved
absolutely parallel to that of the bed.
The block is furthermore guided by the lugs 29 and 30, Fig. 3, and dotted lines
Fig. 1 arranged at the back of the guide plate, extending above and below the
edge of the table. This relieves the stud of excessive strain during the direct
sliding motion.
t..
Upon the backward movement of the arm 19 the stud 18 and straight portion
of the slot will guide the block so that it will slide without rocking until the
curved portion of the slot reaches the stud 22, when the sliding movement of the
block will be retarded and it will be caused to both rock and slide differentially
upon its curved face, the sliding motion ceasing entirely as soon as the point y
passes beyond the stud. The block will then rock upon the curved face until it
assumes the position indicated by the dotted outline b and the end of the slot
reaches the stud, the latter in connection with the slot preventing any departure
from a true rolling motion and therefore locking the block so that it cannot be slid
upon the table. The slot and stud act in like manner when the motion of the arm
is reversed, the block first rocking until its face is nearly vertical and then
differentially sliding and rolling into the forward sliding action without further
rocking motion as before.
In connection with the above described movements the section between the
points and performs an important function, in gradually changing the motion
from a rocking to a sliding motion and vice versa, thereby preventing the evils
that would result from an abrupt change of motion.
As the intermediate section of the slot causes the stud to enter its straight
portion with a constantly decreasing velocity, (owing to the form of this portion of
the slot) the lug 30 and flattened portion 16 are brought into contact with the
table very gradually, avoiding all shocks and jars.
In this manner the movement of a mass which may weigh hundreds of pounds
is produced with practically no friction during the chief (the rolling)-portion of
the motion, while the said rolling motion is converted into a reciprocating sliding
motion without noise, shock, or material wear of the parts, and vice versa.

page_text: The rocking block is also positively locked against displacement in every position
which it may occupy, so that it cannot slide during the time when it should rock,
or rock during the time when it should slide.
This arrangement also admits of the block being rolled properly on a horizontal
table as well as to an angle from the horizontal.
The mathematical condition necessary to effect the afore described rolling action
of the table is that only one point in the curvilinear plane of the cam, shall coincide
with but a single point on the surface of the arc and the plane on which the
arc rolls.
This is shown by demonstration in Fig. 4 which represents a block or arc 32, a
plane or table 33, two cams 34, and a stud 35, with a roller 36, operating in each
of said cams.
In this the points in the planes at 37 and 38, bisecting, if it may
be so expressed, the centre of the rolls can only be at that position when the
point 39 of the arc is in the vertical line 40, of the plane. With the points 41, 42
or 43 and 44, bisecting the centre of the rolls we should then find the points 45
and 46 of the arc in the vertical line and so on.
As there is but one system or class of curves known which meets this condition,
the statement of the problem in effect answers it, namely: that the required form
of the cam or cams shall be cycloidal, in the projection of which the arc is the
generating circle, the plane surface is tangent of the generating circle, and the
fixed roller the describing point. I have just referred to the required form of
curve as a "system or class." This is correct as in that the curve of the cams would
only be a cycloid in its strictest interpretation when the centre of the friction
rollers exactly coincide with the plane on which the are rolls. But as the principle
involved in the projection of the curve is the same in any instance, whether the
describing point be on the circumference of the generating circle, or within or
.without the said circumference, or be the point in the plane on which the
generating circle rolls, or above or below it, or whether the plane were also a
curved surface, in which instance the controlling curve thereby developed would
be an epicycloid, as shown in Fig. 5, the result produced would be one and the
same in each and every instance.
The plane may be rolled upon the curve, in which case the friction rollers would
traverse the cams.
"The term plane as herein employed is used in its broadest sense, without
limitation as to rectilinear or curvilinear projection."
The friction roller might also be a part of the curved portion, the cams being
fixed, but the arrangement shown, namely, the cam or cams as a part of the curve
and the rollers stationary is the better in that they remain fixed with respect to
the plane and present a uniform point of resistance against abrasive action.
This portion of the invention is applicable to all vibrating rolling movements,
and besides ensuring a perfect rolling contact the parts are practically locked one
to the other, as if geared but without the abrasive friction of gearing.
To effect the described rolling and sliding action of the block I employ what
I term a differential crank, which will now be described.
In the gear wheel 47, is formed a cam-opening preferably having two sections,
an upper or outer section or rib 48, and an inner or recessed portion or groove 49,
as shown best in Fig. 6.
In the cam opening is a stud or a friction roller 50, of two diameters, the greater
diameter fitting the recessed portion and the lesser diameter rolling.in contact
with the rib.
E The roller is journaled on a stud, or crank-pin 51, fixedly secured to the
connecting rod or bar 19. The fixed stud however, may conform to the form of
the roller and the latter may be dispensed with.
The form or contour of each end of the cam opening, as from the points 52
and 53, Fig. 1 is the arc of a circle of like radius to that of the roller, for which
roller the said ends of the cam form bearings alternately.
I

page_text: The form or contour of each of the sides of the cam, and of each of the sections
thereof, connecting the said end bearings, is the arc of any desired curve, provided
that the breadth of the cam over its upper section be sufficient to permit the
greater diameter of the roller to pass inward to its bearings.
The full lines of the figure 1 show this portion of the action as a power trans-
mitting member, approaching the dead-centre line R.
The centre motion of the gear wheel is at 54, the centre of the inner end of the
cam describes the circle 55, while the centre of the outer end of the cam describes
the circle 36, but both of the centres of the said end bearings are on the same
radius line D of the disc.
The motion of the disc may be in either or both directions but preferably as.
indicated by arrow 57.
The action of the gear wheel will first carry the stud to and beyond the dead
centre line as a fixed crank and power member at the speed of the lesser circle 54.
Continued action of the disc will now result as shown in dotted outline 58, that
is as the inner curved side of the cam coincides with and passes the horizontal line
the stud is first carried outward into the cam by the roller due to the weight of
the block, and will continue to roll outward, increasing its radius until reaching
the outer end of the cam and thereby the maximum speed of the greater circle 56.
The roller and stud will then pass as a fixed crank until the horizontal line, or
line of coincidence, will again have been reached and passed on the return motion
when the action just described will be reversed, the stud being forcibly carried
inward until it reaches the inner end of the cam when it is again carried as a fixed
crank but at the speed of the lesser circle, and as a power member.
The roller only acts as such when passing along the sides of the cam from one
fixed bearing to the other. During its travel at either the inner or outer bearing
ends of the cam it becomes locked and serves as a bushing or bearing for the stud.
Thus no portions of the cam are subjected to abrasive action.
The sides of the cam may be formed parallel, or as a slot, or a rib on which
slides a block connected to the rod but in such instance the change of motion
imparted to the block 8, is too abrupt and it is therefore preferred to use a cam
having curved sides as in this wise the change of motion is effected very smoothly
without shock, jar, or excessive vibration.
The degree, kind or extent of curvature will depend upon the character of duty
to be performed. Theoretically, however, a curve of the ellipse order would appear
to cover the greater number of conditions in practice.
Opposite sides of the cam may also be formed to curves of different kinds or
degree, in that, where the motion of the gear wheel is continuously in one direction,
the speed of the change of crank-radius may be less or greater on the in or out
motion of the roller and stud, and likewise to the block.
Neither need the cam be of double section as shown and described, although the
described form is much the preferable in that the connecting rod is thereby
practically locked to the gear wheel.
It will be seen that the cam is formed partly in the face of the main shaft 54.
This is a most important advantage in that the entire strain during the action of
the crank as a power member devolves upon and within the main shaft; the gear
wheel simply being required to turn the shaft.
It will be seen that neither the " throw" nor the action as a power transmitting
member is limited or compromised each to the other in this form of crank, as, to
illustrate, the "throw" might be ten inches or ten feet while the action as a power
member in either instance may be the same, or practically unlimited as the lesser
radius may bear any desired relation to the centre of motion, whether the motion
required to swing the block be great or small.
.While it is clear that either or both of the described sections of my invention
may be used separately under special conditions, it is equally evident that the
application and duty herein set forth is best met by the combination or unitary

page_text: action of the devices, in that, for instance, the required long and open movement of
the platen, requiring but little power, is yielded by the long radius of the crank,
through the connecting rod, while the severe duty of impression is transmitted by
a crank of short radius in practically a direct line of strain.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
'me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is-
1. In printing, embossing, or analogous presses the method of controlling the
rolling action of a block or platen having a rocker acting upon a table, which
consists in connecting one to the other by a slot and a roller or stud acting in the
'slot, the form of the said slot being that of a cycloidal curve.
2. In printing, embossing, or analagous presses, the method of maintaining rolling
action between a block and platen having a rocker, or rockers, acting upon a table,
or tables, which consists in connecting one to the other by a slot and a roller or
stud, the form of the slot being such that the rocker, or rockers, and the table or
tables, are prevented from slipping one upon the other.
3. The within described improvement in controlling a rocking and sliding motion
in a bed-and-platen press, the same consisting in combining with a block having a
curved face resting upon a table, and a guide plate connected to the block, a slot
having curved and straight portions, and a guide stud extending into said slot,
substantially as set forth.
4. In a press of the class herein described, the combination of a table, a block
having a curved face, resting on said table, a connecting rod jointed to said block,
a plate connected to said block and having a slot partially curved and partially
straight and a stud or roller projecting from the table into said slot, all substantially
.as set forth.
5. In a bed-and-platen press the combination with the table and rocking block,
and stationary guide stud or roller, of a plate connected to the block and provided
with a slot and with lugs arranged substantially as set forth.
6. In a bed-and-platen press the combination with the table and sliding and
rocking block, of a stationary stud and plate connected to the block and provided
with a slot, receiving said stud formed to insure the true rolling action of the block
upon the plate and also formed to gradually convert the rolling into a sliding
motion or vice versa, substantially as set forth.
7. In a bed-and-platen press, the combination with the table and stationary stud,
and connecting rod, of a block journaled to said rod and provided with a curved
face or rocker merging into a flat face and a guide plate connected to the block and
provided with a slot receiving said stud, substantially as set forth.
8. In a bed-and-platen press, the sliding and rocking-block provided with a plate
having a slot, one portion of which coincides with a cycloidal curve, the other
portion straight and the two connected by a portion coinciding with the arc of a
circle, substantially as set forth.
9. In a bed-and-platen press, a crank baving two fixed bearings of different
radii, the said bearings being extended to form a cam in which is caused to operate
a roller and a stud, the said stud being connected by a connecting rod to the block
and platen.
10. In a bed-and-platen press, a crank having two fixed bearings of different
radii, the said bearings being extended to form a cam with which is caused to
operate a bearing, the said bearing being connected to the block and platen by
.means of a connecting rod,
11. In a bed-and-platen press, a crank having two fixed bearings of different
radii, the said bearings being extended to a cam formed to the are of a curve, a
roller or stud operating in one bearing and then changing to and operating in the
other bearing, and a block and platen connected to the stud by a connecting rod.
12. In a bed-and-platen press, a crank having two fixed bearings of different
radii, the said bearings being extended to form a cam of two sections, an upper and

page_text: a lower or recessed portion, in which is a roller of two diameters adapted to the
two said sections of the cam, a stud acting in the roller, and a connecting rod
journaled to the stud and to the block and platen, substantially as described.
13. In a bed-and-platen press, the within_described mechanical movement con-
sisting of a rotating disc having a radial cam, a bearing traversing said cam,
and a connection between said bearing and the block and platen, substantially as
described.
14. In a bed-and-platen press, the combination with a rocking block, having
a slot of a connecting rod and crank substantially as described. .
inth Jo
Danbo 1905
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.