A NEW IMPROVEMENT OR METHOD TO RAISE A NAP OE PILE ON WOOLLEN CLOTH, AND ALL OTHER CLOTH WHICH MAY REQUIRE A NAP OR PILE
Year: 1807

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISAAC
SANFORD, of the City of Gloucester, Civil Engineer, and STEPHEN PRICE, of
Stroud, in the County of Gloucester, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twentieth day of
February, in the forty-seventh year of His reign, give and grant unto us, the
said Isaac Sanford and Stephen Price, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we,
the said Isaac Sanford and Stephen Price, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "A NEW IMPROVEMENT OR METHOD TO
RAISE A NAP OE PILE ON WOOLLEN CLOTH, AND ALL OTHER CLOTH WHICH MAY REQUIRE
A NAP OR PILE;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging us, the said Isaac Sanford and Stephen Price, or one of us, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of
one of us, to cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month after the date of

page_text: the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being there-
unto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Isaac Sanford and Stephen Price, do hereby declare that our said Invention
is described in the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the description thereof.
In witness whereof, we, tho said Isaac Sanford and Stephen Price, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth day of. February,
in tho year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and soven.
SPECIFICATION-of-an-improved Substitute for Teasels or.Cards, and Method
of Constructing and Using or Applying the same to Raiso a Nap or Pilo
on Woollen, Cotton, and all other Cloths which may require a Nap or
Pilc, that is to say:-
We form a mould A, Sect 1; of metal, or any other substance capable of
receiving metal in a fluid state. A number of metallic points are formed of
small wires, and placed in the mould, leaving one end of them projecting into
a space y, Section 2, formed for that purpose, which is then filled with liquid.
metal, and when sufficiently cold it is taken out with the points all fixed in it,.
Sect 3. The metal, forms a base E, in which the points are confined at one
end B, and holds them in place while the other ends Care free for action.
Pieces of cloth are then placed between each row of the points in each base.
The bases are then-placed.in.cases L, Sect" 7, the sides of which project above
the bases, and receive a piece of cloth between them and the outer rows of the
points; by that means all the points are supported, and prevented from
bending out of place or breaking at the bases. When a sufficient number of
bases containing the pointed metallic wires are in that manner formed and
placed in the cases, they are then placed on a cylinder D, Sect" 8, and applied
to the cloth instead of teasels or cards, and may be worked by the same move-
_ments which are applicable to the common gig, or they may be set in handles, and
used by hand instead of teasels or cards, and guarded and adjusted to the work by
the same means as those used by the common gig, as will be hereafter described.
The cases containing the points are placed on the cylinder by means of beds F..
Sect 4, on which are parts placed to form one side of a groove E, Sect" 5.
The other side of the grooves are confined to moveable bars G, which are
connected with the cylinder by joints and bearings. The cases are placed on the
beds, and the moveable sides of the grooves are by the bars G forced against

page_text: the cases, and hold them in place. A lever K is formed on one end of each
moveable part of the grooves, by which they are moved to admit the cases, and
again forced back against them, and secured by a pin; guards I, Sect" 6, with
a lever J to each, are placed between the different divisions of the points,
which prevent them from being injured by the pressure of the cloth, or the
cloth by them, in passing over the cylinder. Each guard is confined to its
place by joints and bearings connected with the cylinder, on which they are
moved in a circular direction, to encrease or diminish the action of the points
against the cloth, according to the different degrees of strength required from
the first to the last run or course. The guards resist and regulate the pressure
of the cloth against the points, which by that means are allowed to act with
unrestrained and uniform elasticity in every degree of the work. At one end
of the cylinder is a circular rim Z, Sect 8, placed in a moveable position, and
connected with the cylinder. The rim contains a number of slip joints M, M,
in which one end of the guard levers J, J, are placed. Two wheels P, P, and
pinions are placed at one end of the cylinder, opposite to each other. The
pinions act in two racks r, r. On the rim Z a screw W, Sect 8, is placed, to
act in both of the wheels P, P, which are united with and move the pinions by
that means. When the screw is put in motion it will move the wheels and
pinions, which, acting in the racks, will move the rim Z, and force it back-
wards or forwards, and by means of the slip joints acting on the guard levers J
the guards will all rise or fall together by one motion of the screw W, while
the points remain fixed in their stations. By turning the screw in one
direction it will raise all the guards equally till the points have the smallest
possible degree of action against the cloth, and by turning the screw the
opposite way the guards may be lowered with uniform exactness to any degree,
till the points will act with the greatest strength that can be required, accord-
ing to the work they may have to perform. The racks and pinions allow the
screw to lower the guards from time to time, as occasion may require, from
the shortening of the points by the friction of the work, and by that means any
variation of the length of the points from friction may be followed by the guards,
and cause the points to endure a longer time than they otherwise could. A
boiler may be placed either in the room with the gig or an adjoining appart-
ment, and a pipe for conducting the steam extended from the boiler to the
gig, and placed under the cloth between the lower roller and the working
cylinder, with apertures in the side of the pipe nearest the cloth, through
which the steam may pass immediately to it, and keep it in a moist and warm
state while in action, and by that means not only facilitate the work, but

page_text: render the cloth more flexible and pleasant, without injuring the texture. The
steam pipe may have a cock, by which the steam can be regulated and shut
out when required, and a safety valve placed in the top to prevent the boiler
from bursting. Instead of a separate pipe for the steam, it may be united
with the common sprinkling or steaming pipe now in use for the old gigs, and
each have a cock at their junction with cach other; by that means the cold
wator may be stopped when required, and the steam pass through the same
pipo instead of it, and by uniting a third pipe with the first two and the bottom
of the boiler hot water may be conveyed to the cloth instead of cold water or
steam, and by that means, while the cloth may be undergoing the operation of
the gig, it may receive any degree of heat and moisture that can be required
for doing the work in the most expeditious and perfect manner.
Variations. Instead of moving the guards in a circular direction, as before
described, they may be moved perpendicularly, and either separately or all
together, by screws, inclined planes, or levers, placed either on the guards,
circular rim, or cylinder. Instead of raising and falling the guards, the
beds or bases may be raised and lowered, and by the same means as before
described for the guards, which may remain stationary instead of the points.
Instead of setting the points in metal, as before described, they may be sett in
any other substance capable of retaining them in place. Instead of placing
the cases and points in grooves, as before described, they may be screwed,
cramped, or rivitted to the beds or cylinder. The metallic points may be
made strait, or curved, and more or less obtuse, and of any length and size
most convenient and durable, and made of any one metal or compound of
metals that may prove most useful or convenient. Instead of placing the
guards between the different divisions of the points, as before described, the
cylinder may be covered with the points, and the guards placed in a separate
frame, and each revolve on its own axis, or remain stationary, and be adjusted
by screws, inclined planes, or levers, allowing the cloth to move in contact
with the points as it passes over them. Instead of placing the points on one
cylinder, as before described, they may be placed on any greater number, and
each cylinder revolve between guards placed to prevent any injury either to
the cloth or the points, and adjusted by any of the means before described,
allowing the cloth to move in contact with each cylinder as it passes over
them. The cylinders may receive motion one from the other, or be moved
with gearing or bands, independant of each other, and in either way receive
any equal motion from the first moving power.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that the aforesaid Isaac Sanford and Stephen
Price came before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Tenth day of March, in the year above written.