IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER, OR OTHER METALS OR ALLOYS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Joseph Laveissierè, of No. 58, Rue de la
Verrerie, Paris, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER, OR OTHER METALS OR ALLOYS."
Sealed the 24th April 1863, and dated the 5th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Joseph Laveissierè
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th November 1862.
I, JULES JOSEPH LAVEISSIERE, of No. 58, Rue de la Verrerie, Paris,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER, OR OTHER METALS OR ALLOYS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
tubes of copper or other metals or alloys, and relates to the process of manu-
facturing tubes from hollow ingots or cylinders of the metal or alloy. In
order to obtain a sound hollow ingot or cylinder of the metal or alloy, I run
into a mould of the shape required for the exterior of the ingot the requisite
quantity of the melted metal or alloy, it being either poured in at the top or
run in at the side or bottom, and as soon as the metal or alloy has nearly, but
not completely set, a mandril is forced down into the metal; this is effected by

page_text: means of a screw or otherwise; the mandril is not, however, forced quite to
the bottom of the mould, so that one end of the ingot will be closed, or it may
be made with an internal flange only at its end. The metal is thus com-
pressed, and the volume displaced by the mandril is caused to rise up around
the core, and to fill the mould. As soon as the metal or alloy has sufficiently
set to retain its shape, the mandril is raised from the mould, drawing out
with it the ingot. In order to draw out the hollow ingots into tubes, I
employ a system which allows of the metal being worked either hot or cold;
this system consists in employing grooved rollers, between the grooves of which
the ingot is either pushed or drawn by a mandril forced or drawn forward in
any suitable manner; and in order to be enabled more quickly and regularly
to draw down the tube, I employ two sets of rollers placed close together one
after the other, the axes of one set being vertical and the other horizontal.
The grooves in the second set are also made smaller than the grooves in the
first set; the tube will thus nearly simultaneously be nipped by the rollers. in
the two directions. After the thickness of the tube has been by this means
considerably diminished, the tube is completed by being drawn through dies in
the ordinary manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jules Joseph Laveissière in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
JOSEPH LAVEISSIÈRE, of 58, Rue de la Verrerie, Paris, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
'Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jules Joseph Laveissière, Her special licence that I, the said Jules
Joseph Laveissière, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Jules Joseph Laveissière, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an

page_text: Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER OR OTHER
METALS OR ALLOYS," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said
Jules Joseph Laveissière, my executors or administrators, by an -instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jules Joseph Laveissière, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-.
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tubes
of copper or other metals or alloys, and relates to the process of manufacturing
tubes from hollow ingots or cylinders of the metal or alloy. In order to obtain
a sound hollow ingot or cylinder of the metal or alloy, I run into a mould of the
shape required for the exterior of the ingot the requisite quantity of the melted
metal or alloy, it being either poured in at the top or run in at the side or
bottom, and as soon as the metal or alloy has nearly, but not completely set,
a mandril is forced down into the metal; this is effected by means of a screw
or otherwise. The mandril is not, however, forced quite to the bottom of the
mould, so that one end of the ingot will be closed, or it may be made with
an internal flange only at its end. The metal is thus compressed, and the
volume displaced by the mandril is caused to rise up around the core, and to
fill the mould. As soon as the metal or alloy has sufficiently set to retain its
shape the mandril is raised from the mould. In order to draw out the hollow
ingots into tubes, I employ a system which allows of the metal being worked
either, bot or cold; this system consists in employing grooved rollers, between
the
grooves of which the ingot is, either pushed or drawn. by a mandril forced
or drawn forward in any suitable manner; and in order to be enabled more
quickly and regularly to draw down the. tube, I employ two sets of rollers
placed close together one after the other, the axes of one set being vertical
and the other horizontal. The grooves in the second set are also made
smaller than the grooves in the first set; the tube will thus nearly simul-
taneously be nipped by the rollers in the two directions. After the thickness
of the tube has been by this means considerably diminished, the tube is com-
pleted by being drawn through dies in the ordinary manner. :
Sheet I. represents an arrangement of machinery for producing hollow ingots

page_text: by pressure, as above described. Figure A represents a front view, and
Figure B.a side view.
In Figure A the metal or alloy has just been poured
into the mould a, but the mandril 6 has not yet descended into the mass of
metal c. In Figure B the mandril 6 is represented as having been intro-
duced and withdrawn from the mass of metal c, which has taken the form c².
In the two Figures the apparatus is represented with a screw d, which may
be, as has been previously described, replaced by a toothed rack, hydraulic, or
other press or other equivalent apparatus; it is also provided with the toothed
wheels e, f, and the gearing 9, which may be varied, as desired, according to
the motive power employed, or even dispensed with altogether, if it be desired
to employ hand labour acting upon a lever or fly wheel, which would in that
case replace the toothed wheel e.
The general arrangement of the apparatus may also be varied, provided
means are provided for forcing the mandril into the centre of the melted
metal, and withdrawing it, as required.
Figure C is a side view of a mould a provided with a receptacle at the
side. By the means above set forth, sound hollow ingots of copper and other
metals and alloys are obtained with certainty, even when the material is such
as to render it very difficult to cast sound ingots in the usual manner.
Sheet II. represents an arrangement of a frame of fluted rollers or cylinders S
which I prefer to employ for elongating the hollow ingots produced by
pressure, as already explained. Figure A is a side view, and Figure Ba
plan.
The horizontal fluted rollers or cylinders a, a, may either be fixed upon
their axes or provided with independent axles. The vertical rollers or s
cylinders b, b, may also have fixed or independent axes. The mandril c, with
the hollow ingot upon it is, as has been described, forced by a press d or
other suitable means between the rolls, or it may be drawn through by a
chain e, or otherwise. In this latter case the ingot or cylinder of metal f,
which is shown entirely closed at one end, should be open at the part g to
admit the rod by which the drawing forward of the mandril is effected. h is
a guide upon which the ingot or cylinder of metal f rests during the intro-
duction of the mandril c.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself a
to the exact details described; but what I claim is the making tubes of
copper or other metals or alloys by forming hollow ingots by casting and
pressing the semi-fluid metal, as herein-before set forth, and afterwards

page_text: drawing or elongating such ingots; I also claim the drawing or elongating
such cast ingots closed at the end or with an internal flange by forcing or
drawing them by means of a mandril between grooved rollers, as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Joseph Laveissière, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
drawing
described.
jeans a mandril between grooved rollers, as
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Joseph Laveissière, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JULES JOSEPH LAVEISSIÈRE. (L.S.)