Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 19th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 24th Feb., 1888
I LEON SOULERIN of 4 Rue Marsellier Paris in the Republic of France, Engineer
do liereby declare the nature of my said Invention to be as follows:-
This invention relating to Steam Engines has for its main object to effect the cut
off of the steam by means of air rarefied or compressed by the Engine or when the
Invention is applied to pumping Engines by means of the liquid forced or raised
by the Engine itself and it is specially applicable to Locomotive and Marine
Engines which according to this Invention may be constructed without link motions
or eccentrics and the steam may be reversed and made to act as an efficient brake
or as a moderator of speed. In applying the Invention to a pumping engine (for
example) two differential pistons are fitted to work in the valve chest and are con-
nected by a rod to the main slide valve. One side or face of the smaller piston is
in permanent communication with the exhaust whilst the opposite face of the larger
piston is made to communicate with the live steam or the exhaust according to the
position of valve fitted to slide in a special chamber which is always in communi-
cation with the valve chest. The ends of the rod which carries the two differential
pistons and main slide valve extend through stuffing boxes in the valve chest and
are hollow to receive and serve as guides to the rods of two pistons fitted to slide in
two chambers arranged at the opposite ends of the valve chest. The opposite faces
of each of these latter pistons are alternately made to communicate with the delivery
side of the piston of a water cylinder hereinafter referred to. The piston which
works in this water cylinder may be either inclined or at right angles to the axis
of the rod which carries it, which rod in the former case should be square or of
other suitable form to prevent it turning on its own axis; and in the latter case
grooves or passages are provided on the cylin-ier communicating with pipes or
passages which connect this cylinder with those arranged at opposite ends of the
valve chest so that these latter cylinders may be always in communication with the
water cylinder whatever may be the position of the piston therein.
When live steam is admitted to the valve chest it acts upon the larger one of the
differential pistons therein causing it to slide and with it the slide valve so as to admit
the steam into the steam cylinder behind its piston which is carried on the same rod

page_text: as the piston in the water cylinder consequently causing the two pistons to work
together.
At the commencement of the forward stroke the water pressure in the cylinders at
the ends of the valve chest will be alike on both sides of their pistons but as the piston
of the water cylinder moves forward so as to bring the space at the back of the water
piston into communication with the space at the back of these pistons the pressure on
the backs of these pistons will be reduced and consequently on account of the excess
of pressure on their opposite faces, they will be caused to move and thus shift the
slide valve so as to cover the steam inlet to the back of the steam piston, whilst the
exhaust passage from the front of the said piston still remains open and consequently
the steam piston will complete its stroke by the expansive action of the steam. When
however the steam piston is about to complete its forward stroke it opens a valve to
admit steam to act on the larger pistor in the valve chest and thereby reverse the
position of the slide so as to reverse the motion of the Engine.
The steam piston will then commence to make its return stroke the live steam
acting on the piston until the piston in the water cylinder has reached a point to
open a communication with the said water cylinder so as to reduce the pressure
on the front side of the pistons in the cylinders at the ends of the valve chest, one
of which pistons by acting on the smaller one of the two differential pistons in the
valve chest will shift the slide valve so as to close the steam inlet port to the cylinder
but still retain the exhaust port open. The steam piston will then complete its
return stroke by the expansive action of the steam and when about completing its
stroke will open a valve to let into the exhaust the steam which had acted on the
outer face of the larger piston of the two differential pistons so as to complete the
stroke of the slide valve to again reverse the motion of the engine the same operations
hereinbefore described being then repeated.
To provide for the dischargo of water of condensation a drip valve is provided,
_ consisting of a small valve which is raised from its seat by a spring when the steam
pressure is not acting upon it, but so long as steam is acting on the chamber to
which the drip valve is applied the said valve is maintained on its seat but as soon
as the pressure is removed from the chamber the valve will open under the action
of the spring and allow any water of condensation to escape.
In pumping Engines for compressing or rarefying gases and which are usually set
upright the Steam Cylinder the valve chest and the valve for admitting steam for
completing the stroke of the slide valve may be similar in construction to those
herein before described but in compression pumps the lower side of the piston in the
bottom cylinder at the lower end of the valvo chest is in communication with tho
lower chamber of the air cylinder and the upper face of the piston in the cylinder at
the upper end of the valve chest, is in communication with the upper chamber of the
air cylinder whilst the spaces at the opposite sides of these two pistons communicato
with each other and also with the compressed air reservoir through a pressure
regulator which can be adjusted as required.
The cut off is effected when the piston in the air cylinder reaches the point in its
stroke at which the air or gas is sufficiently compressed to move the pistons in the
cylinders at the end of the valve chest to close the steam inlet.
When the pump is employed for the purpose of producing a vacuum, a regulating
apparatus may be arranged between the pump and the boiler consisting of a piston or
diaphragm fitted to work in a chamber or cylinder separated from the passage for
the steam. This piston is fast on a rod which extends through a stuffing box into the
steam passage and is provided with a valve which is caused to close more or less the
steam passage as the piston is moved in one direction or the other in its cylinder,
according to the pressure to which it is subjected by the pressure in the vessel from
which the pump is exhausting air or gas, so that when the vacuum has reached a
certain degree the piston is moved thereby forcing the valve onto its seat and closing
the steam passage. A screw, provided with a händlo or hand wheel is arranged to
work through the case of the apparatus to enable the steam passage to be closed from
the outside, if desired, by turning the screw so as to force the valve onto its seat.

page_text: The upper side of the piston in the bottom cylinder at the lower end of the valve
chest is in communication with the upper chamber of the air cylinder and the lower
face of the piston in the cylinder at the upper end of the valve chest, is in communi-
cation with the lower chamber of the air cylinder whilst the spaces at the opposite
sides of these two pistons communicate with the outer air.
When the piston in the air cylinder commences its up stroke the lower face of the
piston in the upper cylinder at the end of valve chest is submitted to the clearance
space pressure of the air in the air cylinder which is equal to the atmospherical
pressure but when the said piston in the air cylinder moves upwards the air which
was contained in the clearance space, expands and the piston in the cylinder at the
top end of the valve chest is by the atmospherical pressure acting on its upper face.
moved so us to cause the slide valve to cut off the steam from the steam cylinder and
the completion of the stroke of steam piston is effected by the expansive action of the
steam. For effecting the cut off when the piston is making its return stroke the
piston in the cylinder at the lower end of the valve chest is similarly acted upon.
In steam engines of compression pumps instead of arranging two pistons and cylinders
at the opposite ends of the valve chest as hereinbefore described one cylinder only
may be employed. The rod which connects the two differential pistons in the valvo
chest is extended downwards through a stuffing box in the valve chest and its motion
is controlled within the required limits by a forked rod attached to the said additional
piston which operates the slide valve to cut off the steam. Spaces on the opposite
sides of this additional piston communicate directly with the upper and lower chamber
on the opposite sides of the piston of the air cylinder so that when the difference of
the pressure in these spaces is sufficient to overcome the friction and pressures on the
pistons in the valve chest the additional piston is moved to effect the cut off.
In applying this Invention to a locomotive engine or to a marine engine two air
cylinders are provided with sets of valves so arranged as to draw in air from the
outside and compress it into a reservoir. The air cylinders are formed on or connected
to the steam cylinders the pistons of which act upon one and the same shaft to produce
the motion of the train or boat as the case may be and also operate directly upon the
pistons in the valve chest of the two steam cylinders to supply the requisite quantity -
of compressed air to effect the cut off at the required moment. The air cylinders may
also communicate with each other by means of pipes or passages provided with
valves for regulating the flow of air from the one cylinder to the other the object of
which pipes or passages being for the purpose of introducing an initial pressure in the
air cylinders at the commencement of their stroke and thus reduce the areas of the
pistons for actuating the slide valves for effecting the cut off. These pistons act upon
the slide valves by means of forked rods or other suitable contrivance to effect their
motion at the required periods. The cylinder of the piston which actuates the slide
valve of one steain cylinder communicates with the compressing cylinder the right
chamber of one cylinder communicating with the left chamber of the other and vice
versa. Each of the piston rods of the steam cylinders carries a stud which at the end
of the strokes of the pistons act upon the slide valve rods to reverso the engines.
The slide valve rod- each carry two small pisions all the pistons being the same
area and in the ordinary working of the engines have all their faces submitted to the
pressure of the live steam and the spaces on the outer faces of these pistons are in
communication by pipes or passages with a drivers valve or three-way cock.
The compressed air reservoir communicates through a pressure regulator with a
discharge pipe through which compressed air can ho led either into the boiler furnace
to assist the draught or to a main air brake reservoir or to any other required place.
To start the Engine forward the Driver sets his valve so as to open a communi-
cation between the exhaust pipe and the spaces behind the small pistons at one end of
the valve rods so that the pressure behind these pistons being thus removed the
pressure on the other pistons will cause the slide valves to move and open the ports for
the admission of steam to the steam cylinders to move the pistons in opposite directions
which motions may be continued until the Driver shuts off the communication
between the before mentioned spaces and the exhaust.

page_text: To start the Engines backwards the Driver sets bis valve so as to establish a com-
munication between the exhaust pipe and the spaces behind the other small pistons
on the slide valve spindle the motions then being similar to those for working the
engines in the forward direction. The greatest amount of expansion will be obtained
in the steam cylinders when the pressure in the compressed air reservoir is equal or
superior to the pressure which would start the pistons in the auxiliary air cylinders
which are in communication, by pipes, with the compressed air cylinders as herein-
before described.
The driver may vary the degree of expansion as required by reducing more or less
the pressure in the compressed air reservoir by means of the air pressure regulator
hereinbefore described or the pressure regulator may be automatically controlled by
means of a suitable governor.
The air compressed into the compressed air reservoirs may be employed to supply
a main-brake reservoir which must be provided with a stop valve to prevent the return
of air into the compressed air reservoir.
The slide valves may be either ordinary D valves or piston valves.
The Invention may be applied for working the valves of non expansion Engines.
D· 201
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Engines.
I LEON SOULERIN of 4 Rue Marsollier Paris in the Republic of France Engineer
lo hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This Invention relating to steam Engines has for its main object to effect the cut off
of the steam by means of air rarefied or compressed by the engine or when the
Invention is applied to pumping Engines by means of the liquid forced or raised by
the engine itself and it is specially applicable to Locomotive and Marine Engines
which according to this Invention may be constructed without link motions or
eccentrics and the steam may be reversed and made to act as an efficient brake or as
a moderator of speed.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood I shall now proceed to
fully describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings of which
Figure 1 is a sectional view illustrating my invention applied to a pumping engine
which may be employed for compressing or for rarifying air or gases but which is
more especially suited for raising or forcing liquids. In the valve chest are arranged
two differential pistons ab connected by a rod to the main slide valve 1. One side
or face of the smaller piston bis in permanent communication with the exhaust whilst
the opposite face of the larger piston a is made to communicate with the live steam
or the exhaust according to the position of a valve S fitted to slide in a special
chamber M which is always in communication by a passage o with the valve chest.
The ends of the rod which carries the two differential pistons ab and main slide
valve extend through stuffing boxes in the valve chest and are hollow to receive
and serve as guides to the rods of two pistons A and B fitted to slide in two
chambers A B arranged at the opposite ends of the valve chest. The opposite faces
of each of these latter pistons are alternately made to communicate by pipes or
passages and fix with the delivery side of the piston of a water cylinder P2.
The piston Px which works in this water cylinder may be either inclined as shown
or at right angles to the axis of the rod which carries it, which rod, in the former
case, should be square or provided with any other suitable means to prevent it turning
on its own axis; and in the latter case grooves or passages garo provided in the
cylinder communicating with the pipes or passages and which connect this
cylinder with the chambers A2 B arrangel at opposite ends of the valve chest, so
that these latter cylinders may be always in communication with the water cylinder
whatever may be the position therein of the piston which is shown by dotted
lines / ix.
When live steam is admitted to the valve chest, it acts upon the larger piston a of
the differential pistons a and b causing it to slide, and with it, the slide valve & so as

page_text: At
to admit the steam through the port n into the steam cylinder behind its piston P
which may be as represented in the drawing carried on the same rod as the piston P* in
the water cylinder P consequently causing the two pistons to work together.
the commencement of the forward stroke, the water pressure in the cylinders A² B³
at the ends of the valve chest will be alike on both sides of their pistons A B but as
the piston of the water cylinder moves forward so as to bring the space at the back
of the water piston P* into communication with the space at the back or left side of
the pistons A B the pressure on the backs of these pistons will be reduced and
consequently on account of the excess of pressure on their opposite faces they will
be caused to move in the reverse direction and thus shift the slide valve so as to cover
the steam inlet port n to the back of the steam piston P whilst the exhaust passage
from the front of the said piston still remains open and consequently the said steam
piston P will complete its stroko by the expansive action of the steam. When however
the steam piston is about to completo its forward stroke, by coming into contact with
a shoulder c on the spindle of the valve S the said valve is opened to admit steam
to act on the larger piston a in the valve chest and thereby reverse the position of
the slidot so as to open the port m to admit steam to the cylinder and the port n to
the exhaust and thereby reversing the motion of the engine.
The steam piston P will then commence to make its return stroke, the live steam
acting on the said piston until the piston Px in the water cylinder has reached a
point to open a communication by the passages * and f* between the said water
cylinder and the chambers A² B² so as to reduce the pressure on the front side of
the pistons A B whereupon the slide valve t will be shifted so as to close the steam
inlet-port m to the cylinder but still retain the exhaust port open. The steam piston
will then complete its return stroke by the expansive action of the steam and when
about completing its stroke will by pressing on a shoulder on the rod of the valve S
move the said valve so as to let into the exhaust the steam which had acted on the
outer face of the larger piston a of the two differential pistons a b so as to complete
the stroke of the slide valve t to again reverse the motion of the engine the same
operations herein before described being then repeated. I have not shewn on the
drawing a fly wheel but when required one may be connected in any suitable manner
with the piston so as to receive motion therefrom.
To provide for the discharge of water of condensation a drip valve such as is
illustrated by Figure 2 is provided consisting of a small valves which is raised from
its seat by a spring when the steam pressure is not acting upon it but so long as
steam is acting in the chamber to which the drip valve is applied, the said valves is
maintained on its seat, but as soon as the pressure is removed from the chamber, the
valve will open under the action of the spring and allow any water of condensation
to escape.
In pumping engines for compressing or rarefying gases and which are usually set
upright as shewn in Figure 3 the steam cylinder the valve chest and the valve for
admitting steam for completing the stroke of the slide valve may be similar in
construction to those hereinbefore described but in compression pumps the lower
side of the piston B in the cylinder B2 at the lower end of the valve chest is in
communication with the lower chamber of the air cylinder P2 by the pipe and the
upper face of the piston A in the cylinder A2 at the upper end of the valve chest is
in communication by the pipe fx with the upper chamber of the air cylinder P²
whilst the spaces q* and at the opposite sides respectively of these two pistons
communicate by the pipe with each other and also with the compressed air or gas
reservoir through a pressure regulator R which can be adjusted as required. The
spaces q* and 9 may be arranged to communicate only with the exterior.
The cut off is effected when the piston in the pump cylinder reaches the point in
its stroko at which the air or gas is sufficiently compressed to move the pistons A and B
in the cylinders A2 B² to close the steam inlet.
When the pump is employed for the purpose of producing a vacuum, a regulating
apparatus such as is illustrated by Figure 4 may be arranged between the pump and
the boiler. This apparatus consists of a piston or diaphragm M' fitted to work in a

page_text: chamber or cylinder separated from the passage for the steam. This piston is fast on
a rod which extends through a stuffing box into the steam passage and is provided
with a valve C which is caused to close more or less the steam passage, as the piston
is moved in one direction or the other in its cylinder, according to the pressure
to which it is subjected by the pressure in the vessel from which the pump is
exhausting air or gas, so that when the vacuum has reached a certain degree, the
piston is moved, thereby forcing the valve onto its seat and closing the steam passage.
A screw V provided with a handle or hand wheel is arranged to work through the
case of the apparatus to enable the steam passage to be closed from the outside,
if desired, by turning the screw so as to force the valve onto its seat. The upper side
of the piston B in the cylinder B at the lower end of the valve chest is in this case
in communication with the upper chamber of the air cylinder and the lower face of
the piston A in the cylinder A at the upper end of the valve chest is in communi-
cation with the lower chamber of the air cylinder P2 whilst the spaces at the opposite
sides of these two pistons communicate with the outer air.
When the piston in the air-cylinder commences its upstroke the lower face of the
piston A in the upper cylinder A is submitted to the clearance space pressure of the
air in the air cylinder which is equal to the atmospherical pressure but when the said
piston in the air cylinder moves upwards, the air which was contained in the clearance
Space, expands and the piston A is by the atmospheric pressure acting on its upper
face moved so as to cause the slide valve t to cut off the steam from the steam evlinder
and the completion of the stroke of steam piston P is effected by the expansive action
of the steam.
For effecting the cut off when the piston is making its return stroke
the piston B in the cylinder B2 at the lower end of the valve chest is similarly acted
upon.
Instead of arranging on steam engines of compression pumps two pistons and
cylinders at the opposite ends of the valve chest as hereinbefore described one piston B
and cylinder B2 only may be employed as illustrated in Figure 5. The rod which
connects the two differential pistons a and in the valve chest is extended downwards
through a stuffing box in the valve chest and its motion is controlled within the
required limits by a forked rod 2 attached to the piston B which operates the slide
valve to cut off the steam. Spaces y and on the opposite sides of piston B com-
municate directly with the upper and lower chambers on the opposite side of the
piston P* of the air cylinder P so that when the difference of the pressure in these
spaces is sufficient to overcome the friction and pressures on the pistons a and b in
the valve chest the piston B is moved to effect the cut off. Whenever required, fly
wheels which are not represented on the drawings can be attached by any suitable
means.
Figure 6 illustrates my Invention as applied to a locomotive engine or to a marine
engine. DD are two air cylinders provided with sets of valves so arranged as to
draw in air from the outside and compress it into a reservoir R. The air cylinders
are formed on or connected to the steam cylinders C the pistons P P of which
act upon one and the same shaft O to produce the motion of the train or boat as
the case may be and also operate directly upon the pistons a and of the two air
cylinders D D to supply the requisite quantity of compressed air to effect the cut
off at the required moment. The air cylinders may communicate with each other
by means of pipes or passages 1, 2, 3 and 4 as shown diagrammatically in Figures S,
9, 10 and 11. These pipes or passages are provided with check valves for regulating
the flow of air from the one cylinder to the other the object of which pipes or passages
being for the purpose of introducing an initial pressure in the air cylinders at the
cominencement of the stroke as hereinafter described and thus admit of the employ-
ment of pistons A A× of reduced area for actuating the slide valvest t* for effecting
the cut off. These pistons A A* act upon the slide valves (* by means of forked
rods for other suitable contrivance to effect their motion at the required periods,
the said forked rods acting on collars
fast on the valve spindles H H. The
cylinder of the piston A which actuates the slide valve of the steam eylinder com-
junicates with the compressing cylinder D by passages not shown in the drawing and

page_text: the cylinder of the piston A* which actuates the slide valve * of the other steam
cylinder C communicates (by suitable passage not shown) with the other compressing
cylinder D. The space to the left of the piston A communicates by a passage not
shewn with the space at the right of the piston a in the cylinder I) and the space at
right hand side of the piston A communicates with the space at the left hand side of
piston a; the space to the left of the piston A* communicates with the right of the
piston 6 and the space to the right of the piston A× communicates with the space at
the left hand side of the piston b. Each of the piston rods T and T* of the steam
cylinders C C carries a stud or arm F Fx which at the end of the strokes of the
pistons act upon collars 1 1× k¹ k* on the slide valve rods H H* to reverse the
engines.
The slide valve rods each carry two small pistons p' q' and p* q** all the pistous
being of the same area and in the ordinary working of the engines have all their
faces submitted to the pressure of the live steam and the spaces at the outer faces of
the pistons p' px are in communication with each other and with a drivers valve or
three way cock M by pipes or passages 9 g and the spaces at the outer faces of the
pistons q** communicate with each other and with the said three way cock M³ by
the pipes **.
The compressed air reservoir R communicates through a pipe 2 and a pressure
regulator R with a discharge pipe S through which compressed air can be led
either into the boiler furnace to assist the draught or to a main air brake reservoir or
to any other required place.
To start the engino forward the driver sets his valve M³ so as to open a communi-
cation between the exhaust pipe Exx and the spacos behind the small pistons q' q**
on the valve rods H H so that the pressure behind these pistons being thus removed 2
the pressure on the other pistons pp* will cause the slide valves t * to move and
open the ports S S* for the admission of steam to the steam cylinders to move the
pistons P and P in opposite directions to those shown by the arrows which
inotions being continued the slide valves will be operated as hereinbefore described to
effect the reciprocating motions of the pistons P P until the driver shuts off the a
communication between the before mentioned spaces and the exhaust.
To start the engines backwards the driver sets his valve so as to establish a
communication between the exhaust pipe and the spaces behind the other small
pistons p px on the slide valve spindles H H the motions then being similar to
those for working the engines in the forward direction. The greatest amount of a
expansion will be obtained in the steam cylinders C³ C* when the pressure in the
compressed air reservoir R is equal or superior to the pressure which would start
the pistons A A* in the auxiliary air cylinders which are in communication with
the compressed air cylinders as hereinbefore described.
The diagrams Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 are intended to shew how initial pressure
can be obtained in the air cylinders by the use of the conducts 1, 2, 3 and 4.
=
2
z being the ratio of the
Let it be assumed for example that the engine starting with the piston a com-
mencing its downstroke whilst the piston is at the middle of its upstroke after the
first half stroke the said pistons a and b will be in the position shewn in diagram 8
the piston a being in the middle of its downstroke whilst the piston 6 has completed
its up-stroke then the air which had already been compressed into the space y below
the piston a having expanded in, passing through the pipe 3 into the space y* whero
it brings the pressure to an absolute value equal to P₁
volume at that moment of y+yx to the whole volume of one cylinder D or D*.
Communication between spaces y and yx through pipe 3 can take place only when
the piston has reached its upper end stroke and is above the inlet of pipe 3; before
that time the pressure being greater in space above 6 than in space below a air could
not flow from cylinder D to cylinder D* through pipe 3-a stop valve in pipe 3
prevents any return through that pipe, from D to D.
=
In diagram Figure 9 the piston 6 is in the middle of its down stroke having com- 5
pressed air which has expanded through the pipe 4 from y* into a (pipe 4 being

page_text: provided with a valve to prevent the return of air from the cylinder D to the
cylinder Dx) where the initial absolute pressure becomes
P₁
=
P+1=1/+1/
=
In diagram Figure 10 the compressed air from
into (a valve preventing the return through the
to the cylinder D) the initial pressure becomes in
having passed through the pipe 2
pipe 2 of air from the cylinder D*
* equal to
P₁
whilst in diagram Figure 11 the initial pressure in the space y becomes owing to the
passage of compressed air from a* into y through the pipe 1 equal to
soon neared, it may be considered that the initial pressure will be equal to one
atmosphere above that of the ordinary atmospheric pressure.
The value of P, can be reduced at will by acting upon the pressure regulator so as
to bring the pressure in R below a certain point.
When air compressed in the cylinders D and D* is employed to feed a main air
brake reservoir, this reservoir must be provided with a stop valve to prevent the
return of compressed air into the reservoir R.
In order to reduce friction, piston slide valves may be substituted for the slide
valves t and tx shewn in the drawings in which case each of the slide valves is replaced
by two pistons between which would be arranged the exhaust passage whilst the
admission ports would be made through the spaces between the said pistons and the
pistons p q or p* and g** hereinbefore referred to.
The driver may vary the degree of expansion as required by reducing more or less
the pressure in the compressed air reservoir by means of the air pressure regulator R*
or the said pressure regulator may be automatically controlled by means of a suitable
governor.
The invention may be applied for working the valves of non-expansion engines.
Figure 7 illustrates an example as applied to a steam pump the pistons A and B
heing dispensed with and the pistons ab being acted on (to move the slide valve t)
by steam admitted thereto by the opening of the valve S by the piston P at the
completion of every stroke by coming into contact alternately with the collars c c* on
the valve rod.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1st. In steam engines and especially in direct acting pumping engines means for
effecting the cut off by the action of gas or air compressed or rarefied by the engine
itself or of the liquid raised or forced by the engine substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2nd. In steam engines, and more especially in locomotive and marine engines,
B

page_text: means whereby the driving of the engine, reversing the steam and varying the rate
of expansion is effected without the employment of links or eccentrics substantially in
the manner herein before described.
3rd. The combination with steam engines of air compressing cylinders and
connecting pipes arranged so as to obtain an initial pressure substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
4th. The combination with a steam engine of compressed air reservoir and a pressure
regulator for varying the degree of expansion in the steam cylinder substantially as
herein before described.
5th. In steam engines, the combination of the differential. pistons a and b on the
spindle of the slide valve and the pistons A and B fitted to slide in cylinders and
operated by water forced or raised by the engine itself so as to cause the supply of
steam to the steam cylinder to be cut off at the required periods in the strokes of the
steam piston substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings.
6th. In steam engines, the combination of the slide valvot, pistons a b A B water
cylinders P' with its passages i, ix (or g, 9×) conduits ff*, and the piston P* carried
on the rod of the steam piston, the whole being arranged to operate so as to cut off
the supply of steam to the steam cylinder at the required periods substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described.
7th. In steam engines, the combination of the slide valve t pistons a b A B water
cylinder P, piston. Px and passages i ix (or g g*,) conduits ff* and the valve S
operated by the steam piston P at the completion of its strokes so as to admit steam
to act on the pistons a b substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
and illustrated by Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
8th. In steam engines for compressing air or gas the combination with the slide
valve t, pistons a, b, A, B, of the conduits fƒ* g² and pressure regulator R for cutting
off the steam when tho piston in the air cylinder has reached the point at which the
air or gas is sufficiently compressed substantially as hercinbefore described with
reference to Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
9th. In non expansion engines the combination with the slide valve t of the
pistons a b and the valve S acted upon by the steam piston at the completion of each
of its strokes so as to admit steam to the piston a or b to shift the slido valve for
reversing the stroke of the piston substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings.
10th. In locomotive, marine, or other steam engines wherein two cylinders and
pistons are arranged side by side, and operating on one and the same driving or
crank shaft, the combination of the air or gas compressing cylinders D D*, the
pistons p p q and qxx fast on the slide valve spindles, the stops or collars h³, h³,
,, k², k× and, on the said valve spindles acted upon by arms F Fx on the
piston rods T Tx and the rods ff of the supplementary pistons A A* for effecting
the cut off, and reversing the strokes of the pistons substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
xx
11th. The combination of the cylinders C C, D) Dx and their pistons P P¹ ab the
pistons and chambers AA*, the compressed air reservoir R conduits 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, ƒ××
and the compressed air regulator Rx for varying the cut off the starting valve M
for starting the engine in either direction the whole being arranged to operate
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
D
1
T
1000