Improvements in Pullies, Wheels, or Drums for Driving Purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 14th Feb., 1891-Accepted. 14th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pullies, Wheels, or Drums for Driving Purposes.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, Wine Merchant, 15, Cross Street, Manchester,
THOMAS HORSFIELD, Accountant, 60, King Street, Manchester, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists in the application to pullies, wheels, or drums, hereinafter
called pullies, where such pulley runs in contact with another pulley and drives
direct by friction without a belt, of an india rubber tyre or substance similar in its
nature to india rubber, hereinafter called india rubber, and on the outer periphery
of that rubber belted pulley we put a flexible steel or other metal coil or coils or
we put a flat thin band or bands of steel or other suitable metal or we may use a
flat belt of leather or other substance which has sufficient strength or fibre in it
to withstand the pull or strain of the driving pulley it runs in contact with.
The flexible coil referred to above is of special construction and is made of metal in
the form of a coil similar in appearance to a spiral spring round, oval, oblong,
or square, this coil may be made of any section of metal round, square, oval, or
oblong, if oval or oblong, may be coiled either flat or on edge, but the coil we
prefer is one made from metal of oblong section coiled on edge. The coil when
made is bent round in the form of a hoop and the two ends are firmly united, it is
made of a size suitable to the pulley to which it is to be applied.
If it has to
depend for its fastening upon the rubber upon friction it would be preferable to
make it slightly smaller than the rubber covered pulley. It is found in practice
that when a pulley covered with rubber and flexibly belted as before described is
brought into contact with another pulley under slight pressure, that the outside
tyre owing to the elasticity of the rubber beneath assumes a slightly flattened form
about the area of contact, thus making the area of positive contact between the two
pullies larger than it is when rigid, or nearly rigid tyred pullies are brought
together, and so the bite or grip is proportionately increased and slip prevented.
At the same time the belting of the rubber with a metal or substance which though
flexible at right angles is rigid or nearly so, so far as elongating is concerned,
enables the pulley to receive a considerable pull or strain upon it at any portion-of
its extreme outside periphery as the belt instantly transmits the pull or strain over
the whole area of the pulley, and the rubber is therefore not torn. It is obvious
from the foregoing that where a metal coil or thin flat metal band is used to
distribute this pull or strain over the whole of the elastic surface as before described,
that such metal coil or flat metal band might itself have on its outside periphery a
coat of leather or similar clinging or biting substance. We should thus obtain
whatever slight advantage there may be got by using the well known leather or
paper covered pullies as well as the greatly increased frictional area allowed by our
belted india rubber cushion.
D
exc
1000
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY.
THOS. HORSFIELD.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pullies, Wheels, or Drums for Driving Purposes.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, 15, Cross Street, Manchester, Wine Merchant,
and THOMAS HORSFIELD, 60, King Street, Manchester, Accountant, do hereby
leclare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention consists of improvements in pullies wheels or drums, hereinafter
for simplification called pullies and it is applicable in the cases where the outer
periphery of one pulley runs in direct contact with one or more other pullies and
drives or is driven direct by friction. We seek by means of our invention to obtain
a greater amount of friction between the pullies in contact consequently a greater
power transmitting property before the slipping point is arrived at and we accom-.
plish this as hereinafter described by creating between the pullies in contact a larger
area of contact than is obtained when existing friction driving pullies are brought
together and we do this with a minimum amount of waste of energy from friction at
the pullies bearings due to the back pressure necessary to bring them into contact.
We construct our improved pulley as follows:-
We take an ordinary smooth faced pulley and round its circumference we securely
fasten, by vulcanising or in any other efficient manner a band or tyre of india-rubber,
or substance similar in its elastic or cushioning nature to india rubber, which for
simplification we hereinafter call india-rubber. Then on the outer periphery of
that rubber belted pulley we put a flat thin band of steel or other metal which may
be in one or more pieces preferably covering up the whole of the india-rubber.
This band may be made from one sheet of thin metal the width of the pulley
either formed in the process of manufacture into a hoop consequently without a
seam or it may be joined by slightly lapping the two ends and brazing or fine riveting
or united in any other convenient way, or we take a long band or strip of thin
metal say for example a band half an inch wide and after securing one end to one
edge of the rubber covered pulley spirally cover the whole of the pulley and secure
the other end to the other edge of the rubber covered pulley.
This band of metal however put on we make thin enough to be very flexible at
right angles and capable therefore of flattening when the pulley is brought into con-
tact under pressure with another pulley still it remains subject to the control or
influence of the india-rubber beneath it. This yielding or flattening allows of a
considerable area of actual contact between pullies when one or all are belted as
described and the bite or grip between them is increased in consequence and greater
power can be transmitted from one to the other. The metal band however not-
withstanding its flexibility at right angles is rigid so far as elongating is concerned
and taken as a whole a pulley belted as described is able to withstand a very con-
siderable pull or strain at any portion of its extreme outer periphery because the
thin metal band instantly transmits such pull or strain over the whole area of the
india-rubber, consequently such india rubber is not torn.
In another form of our invention we instead of putting a thin flat metal band
over the india-rubber put on one or more flexible metal coils. To describe the
construction of one of these coils. We take a length of metal rod or wire of any
section such as round square oval or oblong, this we closely coil on a mandrel and so
form a close spiral, similar in appearance to a spiral spring. The coil when finished
may be of any section such as round square oval or oblong, depending upon the
section of the mandrel upon which it has been coiled. The coil we prefer however
for one reason because it is more easily made, is a round one, and we further prefer
it when made of metal of oblong section, double the size one way to what it is the
other, coiled on edge. A coil so formed is found to be very flexible at right angles
very rigid so far as compression or flattening is concerned, and fairly rigid

page_text: so far as elongating is concerned. Having made our coil we form it into a hoop
by uniting the two ends, this may be done by butt ending and brazing or
by screwing a short length of metal into the bores of the ends of the coil,
or in any other convenient way. We make the hoop of a size suitable to
the pulley to which it is to be applied and if it is to depend on friction for its
fastening upon the india-rubber we make it slightly smaller than the rubber covered
pulley and stretch it on, and we prefer to make the rubber with a semicircular,
or segment channel in its outer periphery so that it may better hold or
contain the coil. We prefer to use at least two coils on any one pulley and
although one pulley belted with say three coils may run in contact with a smooth
faced pulley such smooth faced pulley being either flat or grooved on its face we
have found it better to have both pullies belted with coils as described, the coils on
one pulley to a certain extent fitting in between the coils on the other pulley when
it will be found that on the pullies being brought into contact under pressure a
Hattening takes place about the areas of contact between the coils owing to their
own elasticity and also to that of the rubber cushion beneath them and the bite
We sometimes leave
or grip of one pulley on the other is greatly increased.
flanges at the edges of the pullies so belted with coils so as to preclude the
possibility of the coils being pushed over the edges of the circumference of the
pullies.
In another form of our invention we instead of belting the rubber covered pulley
either with a thin flat metal band, or with one or more flexible metal coils, as
previously described give the rubber a belt of leather or similar substance which
though flexible has sufficient strength or fibre in it to stand the pull or strain of
the pulley with which it runs in contact so to instantly transmit such pull or strain
over the whole surface of the india-rubber which therefore is not torn.
In another form of our invention we instead of belting the rubber covered pulley
with a thin flat metal band, or with one or more flexible metal coils or with a belt
of leather or similar substance as previously described give the rubber a covering
of rings made from slender metal rod or wire, or the rings may be all made from one
length of such rod or wire spirally covering the whole surface of the rubber. The
metal rod or wire from which the covering is made is sufficiently slender to allow
of flexibility at right angles and capable therefore of flattening when the pulley is
brought into contact under pressure with another pulley still it remains subject to
the control or influence of the india rubber beneath it.
In another form of our invention where we use a thin flat metal band, or where
we use one or more flexible metal coils, or where we use slender metal rings to
distribute the pull or strain over the whole of the elastic surface as before described
we give such thin flat metal band, or such flexible metal coils, or such slender metal
rings themselves a covering of leather or similar clinging or biting substance, our
object in doing this being to obtain whatever advantage there may be got by the
use of the well known leather or paper covered pulley, owing to their clinging or
gripping nature, as well as the greatly increased frictional area allowed by our
belted india rubber cushion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1) A pulley constructed with a tyre or band of india-rubber upon its circum-
ference in combination with a thin flat band of metal placed upon the outer periphery
of that india rubber substantially as described for the purposes and objects explained
in this Specification.
(2) A pulley constructed with a tyre or band of india rubber upon its circum-
ference in combination with one or more flexible metal coils placed on the outer
periphery of that india rubber substantially as described for the purposes and
objects explained in this Specification.

page_text: (3) A pulley constructed with a tyre or band of india-rubber upon its circum-
ference in combination upon its outer periphery with a band of leather or similar
substance possessing strength or fibre sufficient to transmit the pull or strain of the
pulley with which it runs in contact over the whole area of the india rubber
substantially as described for the purposes and objects explained in this
Specification.
(4) A pulley constructed with a tyre or band of india rubber upon its circum-
ference in combination upon its outer periphery with a covering of rings made from
slender metal rod or wire upon the outer periphery of that india rubber
substantially as described for the purposes and objects explained in this
Specification.
(5) A pulley constructed with a tyre or band of india rubber upon its circum-
ference in combination, upon its outer periphery with either a thin flat band of metal
or one or more flexible metal coils or slender metal rings such flat metal band. or
flexible metal coils or slender metal rings being themselves further combined with a
covering or casing of leather or similar clinging or biting substance substantially
as described for the purposes and objects explained in this Specification.
Dated this Twelfth day of February 1891.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY.
THOS. HORSFIELD.