CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS OF IMITATING MARBLES AND VARIOUS COLOURED WOODS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Reynaud, of Paris, in the Republic
of France, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS OF
IMITATING MARBLES AND VARIOUS COLOURED WOODS."
Sealed the 4th May 1858, and dated the 4th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Reynaud at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th November 1852.
1, JOSEPH REYNAUD, of Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS
OF IMITATING MARBLES AND VARIOUS COLOURED WOODS" to be as follows:-
First, a mastic is made of whitening mixed with about of ceruse
or zinc white; the proportion of ceruse or zinc white is, however,
increased if great hardness and dryness be thought desirable. The
mixture is then soaked in spirits of turpentine, and about of linseed
oil (boiled). The mastic must be of about the same consistency as the
putty used by glaziers. This mastic is laid on the surface to be orna-
mented by means of a spatula or trowel, and the colours are spread on
in the same manner instead of being laid on with a brush; some

page_text: discernment is, of course, necessary in the choice of the colours, but by
this process natural effects are produced which could not be obtained
by use of the brush. When the mastic and colours thus laid on are
dry, they may be rubbed with pumice stone so as to obtain a perfect
smooth surface; the pumice must be pulverized, soaked in water, and
rubbed on with a cloth tampion. The ornamented surface is afterwards
washed, and, when dry, is varuished with a fatty varnish, one coat of
varnish being laid on after it is dried; it should be rubbed with pul-
verized pumice stone, or with Venetian tripoli or rotten stone; it is
rubbed dry; a second coat of varnish is laid on; it must be rubbed
with olive oil, or oil of pinks, with tripoli, and after which rubbed with
flour or powdered starch, and then rubbed with a clean cloth.
A modification of the process has to be made for obtaining a white.
The mastic is to be composed of ceruse zinc or silver white, mixed
with turpentine and oil of pinks, but with no siccative oil. This
mastic being smoothly laid on the surface, when dry it is rubbed with
pulverized pumice stone, and afterwards rubbed with clarified essence
of turpentine and virgin wax mixed. To obtain a black ground, instead
of whitning, pulverized coal or other suitable black substance must be
used, and a great quantity of siccative oil.
For the imitation of woods the ground work is made of the colour
of the wood to be imitated; the colours are laid on with a spatula or
trowel, when dry rubbed with pulverized pumice stone, and then the
veining of the wood is made; the finer touches are done with a brush,
after which the polish is given, as afore described for the application of
the mode of imitating marbles to stone, plaster, or other statues. The
colours must be mixed with a great quantity of spirits of turpentine, very
little oil, not a 20th part, and the colours are to be laid on with a brush,
and the polish is to be given while the colors are yet drying. One
single coat of varnish polished with tripoli of Venice is sufficient;
if the brilliancy be too great tale of Venice may be rubbed on the
varnish.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Reynaud in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th May 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOSEPH REYNAUD, of Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Reynaud, .Her
especial license that I, the said Joseph Reynaud, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Reynaud,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
of CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS OF INITATING MARBLES AND VARIOUS
COLORED WOODS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Reynaud, by an instrument in writing under my hand. and
scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
66
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Reynaud, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:
"
A mastic is first made of whitening mixed with about a fourth part
of ceruse or white zine; the proportion of ceruse or white zinc is,
however, to be increased if great hardness and dryness be desired. The
mixture is then soaked in spirits of turpentine, and about one tenth
part of linseed oil (boiled); the mastic must be of about the same con-

page_text: sistency as putty used by glaziers. This mastic is laid on the surface to
be ornamented by means of a spatula or trowel, and the colours are
spread in the same manner, instead of being laid on with a brush. Some
discernment is, of course, necessary in the choice of the colours, but by
this process natural effects are produced which could not be obtained
by means of the brush.
When the mastic and colours thus laid on are dry they may be
rubbed with pumice stone in order to obtain a smooth surface; the
pumice must be pulvérised, soaked in water, and rubbed on with a
cloth tampion. The ornamented surface is afterwards washed, and
when dry is varnished with a fatty varnish, one coat of varnish being
laid on after it is dried; it should be rubbed with pulverised pumice
stone, or with Venetian tripoli or rotten stone; it is rubbed dry; a
second coat of varnish is laid on; it must be rubbed with olive oil, or
oil of pinks, with tripoli, and afterwards with flour or powdered starch,
and then with a clean cloth.
A modification of the process has to be made for obtaining a white.
The mastic is to be composed of ceruse or white zinc, or silver mixed
with turpentine and oil of pinks, for the white silver and ceruse; but
with siccative oil clarified for the white zine. This mastic being smoothly
faid on the surface, when dry is rubbed with pulverized pumice stone,
and afterwards with clarified essence of turpentine and virgin wax
mixed.
To obtain a black ground, instead of whitening, pulverized coal,
stone, or other suitable black substance must be used, and a great
quantity of siccative oil. For the imitation of woods, the ground work
is made of the colour of the wood to be imitated; the colours are
laid on with a spatula or trowel; when dry, rubbed with pulverized
pumice stone, and then the veining of the wood is made; the finer
touches are done with a brush, after which the polish is given as afore
described.
For the application of the mode of imitating marbles to stone.
plaster, or other statues, the colours must be mixed with a great
quantity of spirits of turpentine; very little oil must be used, under one
twentieth part, and the colours are to be laid on with a brush, and the

page_text: polish is to be given while the colours are drying. One single coat of
varnish polished with tripoli of Venice is sufficient; if the brilliancy
be too great tale of Venice may be rubbed on the varnish.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Reynaud, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
J. REYNAUD. (L.S.)