Improved Means and Apparatus for Heating Feed-water, Promoting Water Circulation and Generating Steam in Locomotive and other Steam Boilers.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1897-Accepted, 31st July, 1897.
Improved Means and Apparatus for Heating Feed-water, Promoting
Water Circulation, and Generating Steam in Locomotive and other
Steam Boilers.
I, JOHN KING, of 70 & 71 Palace Chambers, Westminster in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to improvements on the invention set forth in the
Specification of British Letters Patent No. 2279 dated January 31st 1896, granted to
John Patrick O'Donnell as a communication from myself, Charles Downes and
John Waddington.
The objects of my present invention are the same as those set forth in the above
cited Specification, namely, to effect a saving of coal either when working as a
superheater or as a steam generator, a great deal of the heat which is now lost in
solid combustion plates and brick arches being utilized for beating the feed-water
and producing steam. The burning of fire-bars is also prevented, and to a great
extent the formation of clinker. My invention also helps to filter the water,
preventing a great deal of mud and foreign matter passing into the boiler, the life
of the boiler being thereby prolonged owing to a lot of the destructive chemicals in
the feed-water being retained in the hollow carrier and deflector instead of passing
into the boiler.
My present invention relates more particularly to constructional improvements in
the combined water-space fire-har carrier and deflector described in the above cited
Specification of Letters Patent No 2279 of 1896, rendering it more efficient.
I will now describe my invention as applied in connection with a locomotive
boiler.
My improved combined fire-bar carrier and deflector is constructed as follows:-
The lower portion forming the fire-bar carrier, is made (taking an underneath view of
it from either side when in position in the fire-box) in the form of the letter "H,"
similar to that described in the above mentioned specification, and is hollow
throughout, the centre cross-bar portion being carried upwards in the form of a
hollow web or partition and connected to the deflector which is situated above; the
whole if desired may be cast in one piece, or a flange may be provided at the top of
the hollow web, at each side, and the deflector bolted on. A suitable number of
stays are provided in order to withstand steam pressure. The entrance for the
feed-water is arranged on the under side of the inner end of the carrier portion,
at the back of the fire-box, and the outlet pipes for the passage of the heated
feed-water to the boiler are connected to the deflector at its highest point. Screwed
studs or projections are provided on the walls of the fire-box to prevent the carrier
and deflector from lifting, and water-space studs are also provided to support the
end of the deflector. The ends of the carrier which support the fire-bars rise from
each side to the centre connecting web or partition in order to allow the steam formned
ID 031

page_text: to escape more freely, and the hollow deflector is also, made higher or deeper at each
side for the same purpose. A suitable number of washout plugs are provided in the
deflector and carrier. The remaining parts working in connection with my improved
combined fire-bar carrier and deflector as above described are similar to those set
forth in the above cited Specification of Letters Patent No 2279 of 1896, with the
exception that the feed and circulation pipe is connected at the inner end
of the carrier portion, as above mentioned, thereby doing away with the four-way
piece which in that Specification was connected to the front end of the
carrier and formed the entrance for the feed-water. I also employ in my present
invention an improved form of double clack valve for the pump and injector.
In order that my invention may be better understood and more readily carried
into effect I will now describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which-
Figure 1 shews, as an example, a locomotive boiler fitted with my improved hollow
water-space fire-bar carrier and deflector.
Figure 2 is an underneath view of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a cross section of Figure 1.
Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 show details. ef the hollow firebar carrier and deflector and
the connecting web or partition, Figure 4 being a front view, Figure 5 a sectional
front elevation on line C-D Figure 6, Figure 6 a side elevation showing the hollow
fire-bar carrier partly in section and Figure 7 a sectional side elevation on line A-B
Figure 4.
Figures 8, 9 and 10 show details of iny improved clack valve, Figure 3 being a
plan, Figure 9 a sectional elevation looking towards the side of the boiler as in
Figure 1, and Figure 10 a sectional elevation looking towards to footplate end of the
boiler, as in Figure 2.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, a, b and c comprise my improved combined
hollow fire-bar carrier and deflector situated in the fire-box 1, the fire-bar carrier c
being connected with the deflector a by the hollow web or partition b, c¹ are the
fire-bars resting at their ends d d' on the hollow carrier or support c; C is the pump
and D my improved double clack for pump C and injector g, e is a shut-off valve
between the clack D and the boiler and ƒ is a stop-valve in pipe t connecting D with
the hollow carrier or support c; g is an injector for my improved hollow carrier and
deflector should the locomotive not have a pump and h (Figures 2 and 3) is a
supplementary injector for direct feed to the boiler, is a short pipe, with collar a
attached, screwed into the bottom of the hollow carrier c to couple with pipe t,
is the blow-down cock, kan ordinary two-way cock for water from the tender
or supply tank to pump C or injector . is a handle on the foot-plate for working
the blow-down cock j and m a handle for working two-way cock k. is the feed-pipe.
froin the tender to two-way cock k, o the feed-pipe from two-way cock k to pumpic,
p the feed-pipe from two-way cock to injector h, q feed-pipe from the tender to the
injector g, pipe from injector to my improved double clack D, & pipe from
pump C to clack D, and feed and circulation pipe from clack D to the fire-bar
carrier c and deflector a. u, are pipes connecting the hollow deflector with the
water-space of the boiler, screwed into the top of the deflector with a coupling nut or
other suitable connection at a¹ and connected in the same way to the crown sheet of
the fire-box, or to its sides, or to the tube plate, as preferred. v, v are extra
circulation pipes connecting the deflector a with the boiler, these pipes being carried
through the wall of the fire-box and outside the shell by means of expanded tubes
marked (Figures 1 and 2). d² (Figures 1 and 3) are studs screwed into the fire-
box to keep the carrier and deflector from lifting, e¹ (Fig. 3) are water-space studs
screwed into the fire-box sides to support the ends of the deflector a. fare plates
bolted to the foundation ring of the fire-box to support the hollow carrier and
deflector.
Referring to Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 which show details of my improved fire-bar
carrier and deflector, is a flange at the top of the central hollow web or partition
connecting the carrier c with deflector a, the means of attachment being by bolts,

page_text: rivets or otherwise, B are stay-rods or bolts (any desired number being provided) for
the purpose of enabling the hollow web b and deflector a to withstand steam pressure,
B' are wash-out plugs and E is the entrance or inlet for the pipe or connection of
blow-down cock j.
"
Referring to Figures 8, 9 and 10, which illustrate my improved double clack
(marked Din Figure 1), is the cluck valve, the entrance of feed-pipe from pump
or injector, c the outlet of circulation pipe marked in Figure 1, (Figures 8 and 9)
the outlet from the boiler through valve e, f is a continuation of d, m is the outside
shell of the clack box into which is screwed a hollow piece or tube having slots g in
it to allow the water to enter ƒ from d. h is a hollow space surrounding tube and
is a hollow space surrounding valve a. is a flange for bolting the clack-box to the
boiler. Valve e-may if desired be omitted.
The working of my invention is as follows:-
When pump C is supplying water to the boiler the water enters from the tender
by pipe n, passing through two-way cock and pipe o to the pump C whence it
passes through pipé s to clack D, thence through pipe t into the bottom of the hollow
fire-bar carrier c at a passing up through web.or partition to the deflector a and
leaving the top of the deflector by pipes connecting it with the boiler. If the
injector g is connected to clack D in place of pump C the water from the tender
passes through pipe q to said injector and from there to clack D by pipe n' and it
then follows the same course as above described when the pump was connected.
When my improved hollow carrier and deflector is acting as a steam generator, no
feed-water being passed into the boiler, the water in the boiler is drawn through clack
D (Figures 1 and 2) the valve a (Figures 8 and 9) of which works automatically for
that purpose, and passes by pipe t into the bottom of the carrier at a as before and
also through pipes into deflector a, re-entering the boiler by pipes u, thus
giving a free circulation. Pipes act as steam outlets being placed at the
highest part of deflector a.
Referring to Figures 8, 9 and 10, the action of my improved clack (marked D in
Figures 1, 2, and 3) is as follows:-
The feed-water entering at b lifts valve a and closes pipe or chamber f formed by
tube l, it is then forced through outlet c and pipe t (Figure 1) to the carrier and
deflector. Should pump Cor injector g not be working the boiler pressure closes
valve a down on pipe 6 and allows the water from the boiler to pass. through d to f
(entering through slots g) out at c and into circulation pipe t (Fig. 1) to the
carrier and deflector, as shown by arrow heads,
In some cases one large pipe would be preferable to the two pipes v v, and also in
the case of the deflector being made slightly arched one of the pipes u would be done
away with the remaining one being placed in the centre of the deflector.
If clack D is made with valve e the valve must always remain open.
My improved combined carrier and deflector may be made of steel, copper, brass
or other suitable metal, and it can either be cast all in one piece or made in sections
and rivetted or otherwise fitted to the other. The shape may also be altered more or
less to suit different classes of fire-boxes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In combination with a boiler; a hollow deflector and a hollow fire-bar support
connected by a hollow web or partition, a feed-water supply pipe connected to the
fire-bar support, and connections between the said deflector and the water space of
the boiler whereby the feed-water is passed through the said hollow support and
deflector before it enters the said water-space, all substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. In combination with a boiler; a hollow fire-bar support and a hollow deflector
connected by a hollow web or partition, a feed-water supply pipe connected to the

page_text: fire-bar support, connections between the said deflector and the water-space of the
boiler, and a clack valve as illustrated in Figures 8, 9 and 10, of the accompanying
drawings, the whole arranged and operating substantially as described and illustrated
and for the purposes specified.
This 24th day of June 1897.
JOHN P. O'DONNELL, Fel. Chart. Inst. P.A.
70 & 71 Palace Chambers, Westminster, S.W.,
Agent for the said Applicant.