IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOBES AND GLASSES MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO HYDROCARBON AND SPIRIT LAMPS, AND ALSO IN FASTENINGS FOR SECURING THE GLOBES OR GLASSES IN THOSE AND OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OR LAMPS."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ralph Martindale, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Lamp Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOBES AND GLASSES MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE
TO HYDROCARBON AND SPIRIT LAMPS, AND ALSO IN FASTENINGS FOR SECURING
THE GLOBES OR GLASSES IN THOSE AND OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OR LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ralph Martindale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1862..
I, RALPH MARTINDALE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick
Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOBES AND GLASSES MORE PAR-
TICULARLY APPLICABLE TO HYDROCARBON AND SPIRIT LAMPS, AND ALSO IN FASTENINGS
FOR SECURING THE GLOBES OR GLASSES IN THOSE AND OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF LAMPS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
Figures (7) and (9) of the accompanying Drawings represent my. improve-
ments in the manufacture of globes and glasses, the remaining Figures
of the Drawings shewing my improvements in fastenings for securing lamp
glasses.
Fig. (9) represents a section of a portion of a lamp globe, the foot or lower
part being the portion to which my Invention refers. This part I form, as

page_text: shewn at (a), with a double flange, one inside and one outside, of the thick-
ness of the globe; by making the globes and glasses with this double-flanged
foot, I am enabled to dispense with the usual metal gallery, and consequently
I obtain a shadowless lamp, as the downward rays of light, which are
obstructed by the ordinary gallery, will pass through the glass foot.
Figures (1, 2, & 3,) shew one of my improved fastenings for securing the
globes or glasses on the gallery of the lamp. (a) is the gallery, upon the
under side of which is secured a plate (b) formed into clips (c), turned over
the edge towards the upper side of the gallery; (d) is a flat ring of metal
round the wind guard, and working between the gallery (a) and the plate (b);
the ring (d) is furnished with a thumb-piece (e) and clips (f), similar to
those marked (c). In fixing the globe the ring (d) is moved partly round
until the clips (f) are brought against the clips (c). All the clips being then
on one side of the gallery the globe is placed, and the clips (f) are brought
back to the position seen at Fig. 1, when the globe is firmly secured by the
clips on both sides of the gallery; the same motion of the ring (d) and the
clips (f) will allow the globe to be removed.
Figure 4 shews another of my improved fastenings for securing globes and
glasses, in which a portion of the rim of the gallery (a) is movable upon a
pin or joint, so that the globe may be placed in the gallery, and the part (a)
closed round the gallery is fastened at (6) with a small catch, or both the
halves of the rim of the gallery may open if desired. This loose part (a)
may be made to slide upon the gallery instead of being hinged to it, if
preferred.
Figures 5 and 6 shew a fastening adapted for glasses of another description,
with a straight foot. To the foot is attached, if requisite, a metal ring (a),
furnished with a bayonet slot; (6), the gallery, seen in Figure (6), being pro-
vided with studs (c) engaging in the bayonet slot (b), when the glass is
fixed. The bayonet slot may be cut in the glass, if preferred.
Figures 7 & 8 shew a form of fastening consisting of a hollow or under cut
rim round one-half of the gallery, the circuit being completed by a spring (a¹),
Fig. 8. The spring is held back in placing the glass until the flange or foot
of the glass will pass-under the hollow rim of the gallery, when the spring
being released clips the glass and securely retains it.
Figures 10 and 11 shew another mode of fastening, in which a slot (k) is
pinched out of the foot of the glass to allow of its being passed over 'the clips
or knibs (l).
Figure 12 is a fastening which I term a lever fastening, the third clip
required to hold the glass being in this instance a small lever (a) rivetted or

page_text: pinned to the gallery, and furnished with a thumb-piece. In fixing the glass
the lever is turned away from the centre of the gallery, the glass is placed.
under the other clips, and the lever being turned back to clip the foot of the
glass securely retains it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ralph Martindale in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RALPH
MARTINDALE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lamp Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her-
reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Ralph Martindale, Her special license that I, the said Ralph Martindale,.
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said:
Ralph Martindale, my executors, administrators, and assigns,,should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOBES AND GLASSES MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO
HYDROCARBON AND SPIRIT LAMPS, AND ALSO IN FASTENINGS FOR SECURING THE
GLOBES AND GLASSES IN THOSE AND OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF LAMPS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ralph Martindale, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said.
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ralph Martindale, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to-be performed,.
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,.
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed; and to the letters.
and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
-
3
My Invention relates, firstly, to certain improvements in the manufacture

page_text: of globes, and also glasses of other forms than globes, to be used with or more
especially applicable to those descriptions of lamps known as hydrocarbon and
spirit lamps, and is useful also for other kinds of lamps and illuminating
apparatus with which globes or glasses are usually or may be advantageously
employed; and, secondly, my Invention relates to certain improved fastenings,
stays, or connections with which the above-named globes and glasses or others
for illuminating apparatus requiring similar fastenings or connections, and
employed for the purposes above named, may be retained in or secured to the
metal galleries, mounts, or supports of the various descriptions of lamps to
which they may be applicable, and as the forms of such glasses, their posi-
tions on the lamps, and the kinds of lamps with which they are or may be
used, are so varied and numerous I have deemed it sufficient to describe and
illustrate a few only of the forms of glasses which I prefer to employ.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Figures 7 and 9 are represented the improvements coming under the
first head of my Invention, namely, the improvements in the manufacture of
the globes and glasses, only those portions of the glasses being shewn in which
such improvements consist; other improvements in the forms of certain parts
of the globes or glasses will be seen in several of the other Drawings in
reference to and in connection with the several forms of fastening therein
shewn.
Figure 7 and the remaining Figures embrace the several forms of
fastenings or connections comprised under the second head of my Invention,
and the several ways in which they are to be employed with the globes or
glasses.
In Figure 9, I have shewn in section a portion of a lamp globe, the foot (or
lower edge or rim being the part in which the improvement consists; this
being formed as seen at (a), with a double flange of glass, is to be supported
by three clips or brackets from the wind guard or cone of the lamp, or in any
other suitable way, instead of in the usual solid metal gallery, which (as no
light can pass through it) produces a dense shadow. This improvement will
afford a shadowless or nearly shadowless light. The same form of foot is seen
in Figure 7, but in conjunction with the solid form of gallery, furnished with
one of my improved fastenings, to be herein-after in its turn more particularly
described.
Figure 1 shews a plan of the upper side of a gallery of a hydrocarbon lamp
fitted with one of my improved fastenings for the globe or glass; Figure 2
a plan of the under side of the samo, and Figure 3 a vertical section of the

page_text: same, shewing also the wind guard and cone. (a) is the gallery, upon the
under side of which is rivetted, or otherwise secured, a plate (6) formed into
clips (c), turned over the edge towards the upper side of the gallery; (d) is a
flat ring of metal round the wind guard, and working between the gallery (a)
and the plate (b); the ring (d) is furnished with a thumb-piece (e) and
clips (f), similar to those marked (c). In fixing the globe or glass the
ring (d) is moved partly round until the clips (f) are brought into contact
with the clips (c). All the clips being then on one side of the gallery, the
globe or glass is placed under them, and the clips (f) are brought back to
the position seen at (Figure 1,) when the globe or glass is firmly secured by
the clips on both sides of the gallery. A similar motion of the ring (d) and
the clips (f) will allow the globe or glass to be removed.
Figure 4 shews in plan another of my improved fastenings for securing
globes and glasses, in which a portion of the rim of the gallery (a) is
moveable upon a pin or joint, so that the globe or glass may be placed in the
gallery, and the part (a) closed round; the gallery is fastened at (6) with a
small catch or bolt; both the halves of the rim of the gallery may open if desired,
and clip or catch together at their point of contact. This loose part (a) may,
if preferred, be made to slide upon the gallery instead of being hinged to it.
This could be done by employing plates of metal under the gallery, between
which plates and the gallery the loose part (a) could work as shewn at
Figures 4, 4.
Figures 5 and 6 shew in plan and elevation a fastening adapted for glasses
of another description, namely, those with a straight foot. The foot of the
glass is to be slotted with a bayonet slot, as shewn at (6); the gallery seen in
Figure (6) being provided with studs (c) engaging in the bayonet slot (6)
when the glass is fixed, or a metal ring may be attached to the foot of the
glass, and the slot may be formed in the metal ring. This form of connection
will answer also for the mounts or other appliances of metal used at the upper
rims, or in other parts of lamp globes and glasses where such appliances are
required for the purpose of fixing or retaining reflectors or deflectors, per-
difumes or apparatus used in gas and other lamps for the purpose of absorbing
or destroying the products of combustion.
Figures 7 and 8 shew a form of fastening consisting of a hollow or under
cut rim round one-half of the gallery, the circuit being completed by a spring
(a,) Figure 8). The spring is held back in placing the glass until the flange
or foot of the glass will pass under the hollow rim of the gallery, when the
spring being released clips the glass and securely retains it.
(Figures 10) (and 11) shew another mode of fastening, in which a slot (k)

page_text: is pinched out of the foot of the glass to allow of its being passed over the
clips or studs upon the gallery.
Figure 12 is a fastening which I term a lever fastening. The third clip
required to hold the glass being in this instance a small lever (a) rivetted or
pinned to the gallery, and furnished with a thumb-piece. In fixing the glass
the lever is turned away from the centre of the gallery, the glass is placed
under the other clips, and the lever being turned back to clip the foot of the
glass securely retains it.
(Figure 13) shews a form of fastening, a modification of that seen in
(Figure 11), applicable only to globes or glasses having the double-flanged foot,
shewn in (Figure 9). It consists in cutting a slot in the inner flange of the
foot instead of in the outer, as in (Figure 11), which slot is, to pass a stud or
studs either upon the cone or the inner rim of the gallery; turning the glass
will then secure it.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim without limiting myself to
the exact details herein described, firstly, the improvements in the manu-
facture of globes and glasses to be used with and more especially applicable to
hydrocarbon and spirit lamps, and also their use with those and other kinds of
lamps or illuminators with which such globes or glasses can be employed, as
herein described; and, secondly, I claim the several improvements in fast-
enings, stays, or connections with which the above-named globes or glasses, or
other glasses for illuminators requiring similar fastenings or connections, and
employed for the purposes above named, may be retained in or secured to
the metal galleries, mounts, or supporters of the various descriptions of lamps
to which they or any modification thereof may be applicable, as herein more
fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ralph Martindale, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
RALPH MARTINDALE. (L.S.)