AN IMPROVED, APPARATUS FOR DYEING WITH PRESERVED PARTS, WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Georges Chalamel, of the Firm Alfred Chalamel & Co.,
of Puteaux (Seine), Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED,
APPARATUS FOR DYEING WITH PRESERVED PARTS, WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 18th April 1878, and dated the 5th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Georges Chalamel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1877.
©
GEORGES CHALAMEL, of the Firm Alfred Chalamel et Ce., of Puteaux (Seine),
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DYEING WITH PRESERVED PARTS,
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
My Invention relates to apparatus for dyeing yarns, threads, ribbons, or fabrics of
wool or other material, such as silk, cotton, linen, and the like, with preserved parts,
that is to say, with parts left undyed, alternating with the parts dyed. I effect this
by the use of a continuous chain of double bars, between which the material is
clamped, each bar consisting of two parts or plates in wood or metal, preferably
faced with caoutchouc or other soft packing. The bars are linked together, so as to
form a continuous chain, which being passed round suitable drums is drawn through
the dye vat. The links connecting the successive bars are made variable in length,
so as to vary the spacing of the dyed and preserved parts of the material.
The fabric to be dyed, or it may be a number of yarns, threads or ribbons laid
side by side, is placed on the lower members of the bars, which are linked to one
another at the desired distances apart; the upper members of the bars are then
secured to the lower members by screws, wedges, or otherwise, so as to clamp
the material between the two members, and the chain with the material is then
drawn through the dye vat as often as may be required, so that the exposed parts of
the material become dyed, whilst the alternate portions being protected by the bars
enclosing them receive no dye.

page_text: In many cases simple bars will suffice to preserve the material, but it is generally
preferable to face the bars with soft elastic packing, such as caoutchouc, so as to
avoid injuring the material by tight clamping.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Georges Chalamel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th May
1878.
GEORGES CHALAMEL, of the Firm Alfred Chalame! & Ce., of Puteaux (Seine),
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DYEING WITH PRESERVED PARTS,
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.”
My Invention relates to apparatus for dying yarns, threads, ribbons, or fabrics of
wool or other material, such as silk, cotton, linen, and the like, with preserved parts,
that is to say, with parts left undyed, alternating with the parts dyed. I effect this
by the use of a continuous chain of double bars, between which the material is
clamped, each bar consisting of two parts or plates in wood or metal, preferably
faced with caoutchouc or other soft packing. These bars are linked together, so as
to form a continuous chain, which being passed round suitable drums is drawn
through the die vat. The links connecting the successive bars are made variable
in length, so as to vary the spacing of the dyed and preserved parts of the
material.
The fabric to be dyed, or it may be a number of yarns, threads, or ribbons laid
side by side, is placed on the lower members of the bars, which are linked to one
another at the desired distances apart; the upper members of the bars are then
secured to the lower members by screws, wedges, or otherwise, so as to clamp the
material between the two members, and the chain with the material is then drawn
through the dye vat as often as may be required, so that the exposed parts of the
material become dyed, whilst the alternate portions being protected by the bars
enclosing them receive no dye.
In many cases simple bars will suffice to preserve the material, but it is generally
preferable to face the bars with soft elastic packing, such as caoutchouc, so as to
avoid injuring the material by tight clamping.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 shews a vertical section of one arrangement of the apparatus constructed
according to my Invention.
Fig. 2 shews a front elevation of part of the chain, and Figs. 3 and 4 shew
respectively a side view and plan of one of the links of the chain to a larger
scale.
Fach link of the shain
71)
suitable matal

page_text: In the simple form of chain shewn, the bars are arranged to alternate with spaces
at regular intervals, each pair of bars having clamped between them one or more
hanks of yarn or strips of fabric to be dyed. These hanks or strips are situated on
each side of the nipping screw, and are nipped by the pads E, E, of caoutchouc,
leather, cork, or other suitable flexible material secured to the inner face of each
bar, so that the dye is effectually prevented from penetrating into the filaments
covered thereby.
By the use of the caoutchouc pads the filaments or fabric may be subjected to the
requisite pressure without being injured. In some cases however these pads may
be dispensed with.
According to the modification shewn in plan and end view, Figs. 5 and 6, several
of the bars are united rigidly together, so that each link of the chain consists of
several bars. In this case the parts A and B are provided with eyes a, b, whereby
the one link is hinged to the next by means of pins c. By this arrangement the
construction of the apparatus is simplified, and a less number of nipping screws is
required.
The nipping together of the bars may also be effected by means of wedges or
eccentrics instead of screws.
Although the bars are by preference of gun metal or copper, they may be of any
other metal, or of wood, vulcanite, or other suitable material that is not affected by
the dye.
The chain may either be suspended vertically, as shewn at Fig. 1, or it may pass
horizontally or in any other position through the dye vats; also, instead of being
endless, the chains may have ends which are alternately raised and lowered in the
bath.
It is essential for the effectiveness of the apparatus that the nipping together of
the bars should take place as close as possible to the place where the fibre or fabric
is held, so that where a number of hanks or strips of fabric are held by one pair of
bars the nipping screws should be at intermediate points between them instead of
merely at the outer ends of the bars, at a considerable distance from each other, as
has been done in apparatus of similar construction employed heretofore.
It will be evident that when comparatively short lengths of fibre or fabric require
to be operated upon instead of endless hanks, each length may be confined in a
separate frame of bars, and a number of such frames be linked together to form a
chain, in a similar manner to the frames shewn' at Figs. 5 and 6; or, in this case,
one or two only of the frames may be linked or otherwise connected together, and
suspended over rollers in the dye bath, as shewn at Fig. 10.
Figs. 7, 8, and 9 shew respectively a part plan and a transverse section, and a part
longitudinal section, to a larger scale, of a frame constructed according to this
arrangement.
The frame A consists of a number of transverse bars a, a, separated by longitudinal
ribs b, b, the fibre or fabric being nipped between the former, and separate upper
bars c, c, c, connected together in groups of three, each group being pressed down on
the bars a by a nipping screw d, with thumb nut f, situated in the middle of each
set, the bars of each set being united by bridge pieces g, h; by thus independently
nipping together each group of bars by separate screws, the perfect nipping of the
fibres or fabrics at each point where it is desired to be protected from the dye is
ensured, and the frame may thus be made of considerable greater dimensions than
would be otherwise possible.
The metal frame A may for convenience sake be surrounded externally by a
wood framing, as shewn.
Instead of suspending the frames over rollers, as at Fig. 10, they may be allowed
to rest in the bath either in a horizontal or vertical position.
Figs. 11 and 12 shew a section and plan of a modification in which each group
consists of four bars instead of three. In this arrangement the ends of the bars C
are connected by flanges i, i, which fit closely against the ribs 6 of the frame, and

page_text: may be lined with caoutchouc, so as to prevent the liquid dye from penetrating
between the ends of the bars.
The frames, if of gun metal or other more or less oxidisable metal, may be coated
or plated with nickel, zinc, or other substance that will protect it from the action
of the dyes.
By first operating upon fibres or fabrics by the said apparatus, so as to dye portions
thereof a certain colour, and then placing the fibre or fabric in a second chain or
frame, so that the portions that were previously coloured are now covered in, and
the other parts exposed, it will be seen that any desired variations of tints in bars
or stripes may be obtained on the fibre or fabric.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim the use of apparatus for dyeing yarns or fabrics
with preserved parts, wherein the yarn or fabric is nipped between double bars
pressed together by screws or their equivalents, with or without the intervention of
caoutchouc or other flexible material, the bars being connected together in the form
of a chain or its equivalent, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Georges Chalamel, have hereunto, set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight
Witness,
'CH. ARMENGAUD,
Civil Engineer,
23, Bd de Strasbourg,
Paris.
GEORGES CHALAMEL. (L.S.),