Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Pile or Moquette Carpets and other Fabrics.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 16th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct.,
1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Pile or Moquette Carpets
and other Fabrics.
I, WILLIAM ADAM of the firm of Tomkinson and Adam of Kidderminster, in the
County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
The invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tufted pile or
moquette carpets and other fabrics on what is called the Royal Axminster Loom, and
relates to a novel order of working whereby the tufts of pile yarn are well bound into
the body of the carpet and at the same time the two linen chains are enabled to be
worked tight and the pattern is made to appear on the back of the fabric.
In carrying my invention into effect, immediately after the crossing of the linen or
foundation warp, I put in a shoot of weft above and below the centre or dead warp,
which latter always remains straight in the centre of the foundation of the fabric, as
heretofore; I then cause the tubes to descend and insert the ends of pile yarn through
the foundation warp; a third shoot of weft is now put in to the same shed as the first
shot, the ends of the pile yarn are then combed up, after which the weft is beaten up
and, just as the reed is in contact with the said third shoot of weft, the crossing of the
warp again takes place; a shoot (No. 1) of weft is then passed through the upper
portion of the shed, thereby binding the tufts firmly into the body of the fabric, alter
which the length of yarn to form the tufts is cut off in the usual manner.
weaving is continued in the same order, whereby three shoots of weft are passed
(two above and one below the straight warp) between the crossings of the foundation
warp.
Dated this with h..
1000
The
WILLIAM ADAM.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Pile or Moquette Carpets
and other Fabrios.
I, WILLIAM ADAM of the firm of Tomkinson & Adam, of Kidderminster, in the
County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tufted pile or
moquette carpets and other fabrics on what is called the Royal Axminster Loom of the
class described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to Sydney Pitt No. 235
of the year 1877, and relates to a novel order of working whereby the tufts of pile yaru
are well bound into the body of the carpet, and at the same time the two linen chains
or warps are enabled to be worked tight, and the pattern is made to appear on the back
of the fabric.
And in order that my said invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings fully io describe
the same.
Figure 1. is a diagram representing a longitudinal section of a piece of tufted pile
or moquette carpet or fabric woven according to my invention the proportions of the
various yarns thereof being somewhat exaggerated in order that their relative positions
may be clearly understood.

page_text: Figures a section showing part of the cam spart with the treadle box, Cards and
gearing for driving the latter.
Figures 3. and 4 are face views respectively of the outside and inside cams each of
which is employed for operating half of the foundation chain or warp and Figure 5 is
a face view of the middle cam which is employed for operating the tight or dead chain
or warp.
C
a represents the cam shaft on which is keyed the toothed wheel a¹ which takes into
and drives a toothed wheel b fixed firmly on the boss of a toothed pinion 61 mounted
on the stud axis c and such toothed pinion 6 takes into and gives motion to the toothed
wheel & mounted loosely on the cam shaft a and on the boss of which the cams ef
and g are fixed by which arrangement the said cams are caused to rotate only once for
every two revolutions of the cain shaft a.
.
In carrying my invention into effect I proceed as follows:-
The heddle governing half of the foundation warp marked A. (see Figure 1) is raised
and the other heddles governing the other half of foundation warp marked B and the
dead or tight warp marked Care lowered, thus forming a crossing of foundation
warps A and B the shot of weft (1) is then inserted above the dead or tight warp C,
the lay comes forward and beats up this shot, the heddle governing the dead or tight
warp C is raised while the heddles governing the two halves A. B. of the foundation
warp remain in their former position, a shot of woft (2) is then inserted under the
dead warp C and whilst this shot of weft is being inserted, a disc cutter is made in the
usual manner to travel across and cut off the tufts of pile yarn previously put in.
The three heddles and consequently the foundation and dead warps are then all brought
level and the tubes, with bobbin of tuft or pile yarns, are caused to descend and
insert the ends of tufts D through the foundation and dead warps, the heddle
governing half A of foundation warp is again raised whilst the heddles governing B
and C are lowered, a shot of weft (3) is then put across in the same shed as shot (1)
all the heddles and warps are then again brought level and when in such position the
comb brings the ends of tufts D up through the warps and the lay beats up the shot
of weft (3). The heddle governing half B of foundation warp is now raised and the
other heddles governing the other half A of foundation warp and the dead warp Care
at the same time lowered thus forming a crossing of foundation warps A and B
thereby firmly binding the shot of weft (3) which in turn- securely binds the tufts D;
in this position of the heddles and warps a shot of weft (1) is inserted above the dead
warp C and so on as hereinbefore described, except that the position of the foundation
warps A B with relation to the tight warp or chain will necessarily be reversed for
each row of tufts as will be readily understood. It will be seen by reference to the
diagram Figure 1. that the tufts D are bound by the ground or foundation warp and
not by the tight or dead warp.
The cams e and fare those used for operating the heddles through which the
foundation warp is passed and the cam g is that used for operating the heddle through
which the tight or dead warp is passed. On the periphery of the cam is formed a
cam which acts on a lever connected to and operating a light heddle or frame having
two leashes through which the selvage threads aro passed by which means the latter
are so raised and lowered as to ensure their being properly bound in by the weft threads
Nos. 1. and 3.
The various shots 1. 2. 3. of weft are respectively inserted when the trucks or
rollers of the treadle levers are at the positions marked 1. 2. 3. on the several cams
and the tubes carrying the tufting or pile yarns are caused to descend through
the warps when said trucks or rollers are at the positions marked 4 on said cams.
In the manufacture of tufted pile or Moquette carpets and other fabrics in this class
of loom as heretofore conducted, four shots of weft are inserted to each row of tufts,
whereas according to the method of working herein described, only three shots of weft
are employed to each row of tufts. In order however to make as few alterations as
possible in the loom, the cams e, f, g and h are constructed to suit the movements of
the loom as hitherto arranged to work four shots of weft to each row of tufts, and the
various parts of the loom, except those herein before described are constructed and

page_text: operated in the well known manner, and the cams for producing the various movements
required in the loom, except the cams e, f, g and h, are fixed, as heretoforc, on the
cam shaft, which latter makes one revolution for each row of tufting or pile threads
inserted, and those cams which are fixed on the cam shaft are constructed of the same
shape as when used to insert four shots of weft to cach row of tufts, except that the
needle inserting cam is altered by filling up the space of the one shot which is
dispensed with in order to prevent the weft inserting needle from going into the shed
at such position; and the cam disc whose cams give the beating up motion to the lay
has one of its cams removed thereby causing the lay to beat up only three times to
each row of tufts this will have the effect of giving a longer pause between the
insertion of shots Nos. 3 and 1 than was formerly given between shots Nos. 4 and 1,
but this is of no importance as the tuft spool is, during this pause, being put back into
its place; the selvage shuttle will make the same number of motions as in a four shot
loom, but overy fourth motion is ineffective as the shot of weft is omitted at that
point. By altering the various movements and cams of the loom, other than those
connected with the heddles, as little as herein described, I am enabled readily to
change the loom from my improved method of working back to a four shot loom by
simply taking off the new cams and putting on the old ones and by removing the filling
piece from the weft inserting cam and replacing beating up cam.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The improvements herein described in the manufacture of tufted pile or moquette
carpets and other fabrics on what is called the Royal Axminster Loom whereby the
tufts of pile yarn are well tied in and the pattern is made to appear on the back of
the fabric.
2. In the manufacture of. tufted pile or moquette carpets and other fabrics where
three shots of weft are inserted into the same shed of the foundation warps for each
row of tufts, inserting one shot above and one below the tight or dead warp and the
third across the row of tufts and above the tight or dead warp and catching and binding
the said third shot by the foundation warp instead of by the tight or dead warp as
herein described.
3. In the manufacture in looms of the character herein referred to of tufted pile or
moquette carpets and other fabrics where three shots of weft are inserted into the same
shed of the foundation warps, inserting two shots above and one below the dead or
tight warp, putting in the tufts after the second shot, and binding them in by the third
shot and by the crossing of the foundation warp which takes place immediately after
the beating up of shot 3. as herein described.
Dated this 16th day of September 1000.
WILLIAM. ADAM.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.