IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Joy, Engineer, of Middlesbro', in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
Sealed the 14th April 1874, and dated the 29th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Joy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1874.
I, DAVID JOY, Engineer, of Middlesbro', in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to improvements in the class of hydraulic
engines for which previous Patents have been granted to myself and
William Holt, dated October 8th, 1856, No. 2358, and to myself, dated
14 March 1859, No. 644, and consists in retarding the return stroke of
the piston at each end of the cylinder by making it act partially as a
valve by passing over and covering or partially covering the port
entering the cylinder, so checking the passage of 'the water out of the
6.
.

page_text: cylinder and also reducing the opening to admit water for the return
stroke, and in reducing the complication and cost of the valve and its
connections by replacing the present two cylinders and four-way cock by
a single cylinder with slide or cylindrical valve of brass or wood and
covering the whole with a cast-iron chest.
And in actuating the valve distributing water to the small cylinder
or cylinders (if still used) working the main valve by water admitted to
it by the passage of the main piston over ports in the side of the
cylinder.
And in actuating the main valve during a part of its stroke by the 1
movement of the piston, the remaining part of the stroke being per-
formed by the action of the small cylinder or cylinders as before. Or
in dispensing with the main valve altogether and in making the piston act
as its own valve by rotating it partially in the cylinder, thereby causing
ports formed in the piston to coincide alternately with inlet and outlet
ports formed in the side of the cylinder.
And in employing a double beat or balance valve for admitting and
regulating the supply of water to the engine, or this valve may be a
compound valve, that is, having a small supplemental valve which is
first opened tending to equalize the pressure of water on both sides of
such slide or left valve which will then be opened freely.
And in regulating the speed of the engine by shortening the stroke of
the main valve by stops actuated by gear outside the valve chest.
And in the application of any or all of these improvements to
hydraulic motive-power engines for blowing the bellows or organs, or
for working pumps, or for any similar operations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Joy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID JOY, 30
Engineer, of Middlesboro', in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said David Joy, Her special licence,
that I, the said David Joy, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said David Joy, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE-
POWER ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
David Joy, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Joy, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying two Sheets
of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to improvements in the class of hydraulic
engines for which previous Patents have been granted, one, dated 8th
October, 1856, No. 2358, and 14th March, 1859, No. 644, and consists
in retarding the return stroke of the piston at each end of the cylinder
by making it act partially as a valve by passing over and covering or
partially covering the part entering the cylinder, so checking the passage
of the water out of the cylinder, and also reducing the opening to admit
water for the return stroke, and in reducing the complication and cost
of the valve and its connexions by replacing the present two cylinders
and four-way cock by a simple cylinder with slide or cylindrical valve of
brass or wood, and covering the whole with a cast-iron chest.
And in actuating the valve distributing water to the small cylinder or
cylinders (if still used) working the main valve by water admitted to it
by the passage of the main piston over ports in the side of its cylinder,

page_text: "
°
And in actuating the main valve during a part of its stroke by
the movement of the piston, the remaining part of the stroke being
formed by the action of the small cylinder or cylinders as before. Or in
dispensing with the main valve altogether and in making the piston act
as its own valve by rotating it partially in the cylinder, thereby causing 5
ports formed in the piston to coincide alternately with inlet and outlet
ports formed in the side of the cylinder.
And in employing a double beat or balance valve for admitting and
regulating the supply of water to the engine; or this valve may be a
' compound valve, that is, having a small supplemental valve, which is 1
first opened, tending to equalize the pressure of water on both sides of
such slide or lift valve which will then be opened freely.
And in regulating the speed of the engine by shortening the stroke of
the main valve by stops actuated by gear outside the valve chest.
And in the application of any or all of these improvements to 1
hydraulic motive-power engines for blowing the bellows of organs, or
for working pumps, or for any similar operation.
This Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the two
Sheets of accompanying Drawings. In all the Figures the same letters
refer to similar parts.
2
In Sheet 1, Figure 1, is shown to section one of my improved
engines. A is the cylinder; B, the piston near the end of its stroke,
passing over and partially closing the port C and so retarding the
motion of the piston at the end of its stroke; the port C₁ at the other
end of the cylinder is shown arranged to adjust the amount of contrac- 2
tion by a set screw D; the main valve E is worked by one small piston F
in the cylinder G; to this the water is admitted by the valve H worked
by a swan-neck lever from the piston rod; the travel of the main valve E
be regulated by the screw J; the valve for regulating the admission
of water shown at K has a small supplimental valve K¹ on the back of 3
it; this valve is first moved and relieves the pressure on the valve chest
when the valve K will open freely; this may be made in the form of a
mushroom valve with small supplimental valve working through it.
may
In Sheet 2, Figure 2, is shewn a similar engine in general form but.
in this engine the valve receives a part of its stroke from the piston rod, 3
the remainder being performed by the water pressure acting in either

page_text: end of the cylinder E¹, E³, in which the valve E moves. A is the
cylinder; B, the piston; E, the main valve; N, N, ports for admission;
and N', N, small supplimental ports. The valve E is moved through
the first part of its stroke by the lever and rod X and Y through the
spindle Es, which having a slight travel through the valve E opens or
closes small exhaust ports O', O³, passing through the valve and cem-
municating with the main exhaust O. Thus when the valve E is at the
position shewn as far as the piston can carry it the small ports N¹, N³,
are admitting water to both ends of the valve which will be in equi-
librium, but the spindle Es being pulled to the right has closed the
exhaust O' and opened O2, hence the pressure passing away at O* allows
the pressure retained at the other end of the valve to complete the
motion from that end.
In Sheet 2, Figure 3, is shown another modification in which the
piston is made to act as its own valve by being turned partially round
in the cylinder, thus alternately opening and closing admission and
exhaust ports to the top and bottom of the cylinder. A is the cylinder;
B, the piston having the ports in it, the one C passing to the upper end
of the cylinder, and C¹ passing to the lower end. A cross head P on the
end of the piston rod working in the groove R, R, and pressed alter-
nately to the right or left at each end of its stroke by the springs S, S¹,
give the partial alternate rotation to the piston which alternately opens
and closes the ports.
Having now described my Invention I wish it to be understood that
I claim, the improvements in hydraulic motive-power engines, sub-
stantially as described and shown on the Drawings, and their application
to organ blowing and other like purposes where a reciprocating action is
required.
In mitos whereof T the said David Joy have hereunto set my