Improvements in or relating to Wheels.
Year: 1897

page_text: Cemalata Cunnil
Date of Application, 15th Apr., 1897
1
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1000
Date of Application, 15th Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 15th Feb., 1898-Accepted, Tɔth Apr.,
1898
Improvements in or relating to Wheels.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HOLLAND, of 10, Sparsholt Road, Crouch Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and ARTHUR ANTHONY, Hawthorn Villa, Jeffcock
Road, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Cycle Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of wheels specially applic-
able to cycles, perambulators, "mail carts" and the like, but also applicable as
pulleys for machinery and for other uses.
In constructing a wheel according to this invention, two circular pieces of sheet
metal, preferably steel, are employed, of the diameter of the wheel when finished,
plus the addition of sufficient metal to form one half or part of the wheel rim.
From each of these metal blanks taper pieces are cut, stamped or punched,
so as to leave a margin of sufficient width to form preferably one half of the rim.
radial arms equal in number to say one half of the total number of spokes in
the wheel, and a central disc. On the margin left to form the rim, and equi-
distant from the radial arms, a semi-circular or other shaped lug or web may be
left for attachment when the wheel is put together to a spoke or radial arm of
the blank forming the other half of the wheel.
By means of suitable stamping or pressing tools the margin is turned over so
as to form a flat or curved flange so that when the two shaped metal blanks are
joined together to form the wheel, the two flanges form any desired type of rim-
or the joined flanges may form a simple collar to which the rim proper is attached.
The radial arms which form the spokes of the wheel, are likewise stamped or
otherwise worked so as to show a preferably semi-circular or curved cross section,
and a metal strip is soldered or otherwise fixed to the shaped arms, so as to form
with them a hollow tube of any desired cross section preferably flat on one side.
The metal strip may be shaped so as to form a central strengthening rib inside
the tube, or the radial arms may be left flat and the curved sides of the spoke
formed by the added strip. A web or lug similar to that before described as
being formed on the margin of the rim, is preferably provided both where the
spoke joins the margin and the central disc.
In the middle of the central disc a hole is cut or punched to receive the wheel
hub; grooves or impressions may be formed in the disc and it may be provided
with a flange or ferrule round the central hole, to connect or aid in connecting
it to the hub.
The hub is of the barrel type and preferably furnished with flanges to engage
with the discs of each half of the wheel. These flanges may have grooves corres-
ponding to those, if any, formed on the central disc so as to make a close fit with
the discs, to which they may be soldered, brazed rivetted screwed or otherwise
affixed.
suitable orifice communicating with the interior of the hub may be provided
for lubricating purposes. A screw cap or other cover is provided and the arrange-

page_text: ment forms a convenient means for cleaning the hub when necessary. The
various parts may be secured together by brazing, soldering, rivetting in any
suitable manner.
This invention is to a great extent a development of that described in the
Specification attached to our previous application for Letters Patent No. 20999
of 1896.
Improvements in or relating to Wheels.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HOLLAND, of 10, Sparsholt Road, Crouch Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and ARTHUR ANTHONY, Hawthorn Villa, Jeffcock
Road, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Cycle Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: —
This invention relates to an improved construction of wheels, specially applic-
able to cycles, perambulators, "mail-carts" and the like, but also applicable as
pulleys for machinery, and for other purposes. It comprises an improvement
in the construction of the spokes, and is particularly adapted to wheels which are
stamped or otherwise formed from discs or sheets of metal.
In constructing wheels according to this invention two circular pieces of sheet
metal are employed, each of which is stamped or otherwise worked so as to leave
a central disc, a margin, and radial arms and lugs which connect the central disc
and the margin. The stampings which are preferably concave on one side are
similar, and the number of radial arms in each may conveniently be equal to
half the total number of spokes in the finished wheel. Other lugs are left on
the inside of the margin of the stamping, between, and equi-distant from the
radial arms; they may be similar in shape to the lugs forming the outer ends
of the radial arms.
The radial arms are preferably formed so as to show a semicircular, or curved
cross-section, and metal strips are brazed, rivetted or otherwise attached to them,
so as to form, with them, a spoke of any desired cross-section, preferably flat on
one side.
The metal strips may be shaped so as to form a strengthening rib inside the
tube, or the radial arms may be left flat, and the curved sides of the spokes formed
by the added strip.
In constructing the wheel, the stampings or side members are placed together,
with their concave sides inwards, and in such a manner that the radial arms of
each member form alternate spokes in the wheel.
The margin of each side member is turned over in any convenient way, so
that when the two sides are placed together, their margins may form a flat or
curved rim of any desired section, or a flange to which the rim proper may be
attached.
A hole is made in the middle of the central disc, to receive the wheel hub,
which is preferably of the barrel type, and a flange or ferrule may be formed
round this central hole to connect or aid in connecting it to the hub.
An orifice of large size communicating with the interior of the hub may be
provided for lubricating purposes. This is preferably made through a boss

page_text: formed on the hub, and is closed by a screw cap or other cover.
The hub may
conveniently be cleaned by filling it with paraffin oil or other liquid, turning the
wheel until the orifice is downwards and then removing the cover, when the liquid
will rush out, and carry the dirt and grit with it.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a wheel according to one construction of this
invention, part of one half of the wheel being removed.
Figure 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a perspective view showing parts of the wheel in further detail
and on a larger scale.
Figure 4 shows in cross section various spokes all constructed according to this
invention.
Figure 5 is a view showing part of a hub on a larger scale.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings. The wheel comprises
two side members, each of which is stamped or otherwise formed from a sheet
of metal and is preferably concave on one side. Each of these members is formed
with a central disc A, radial arms or spokes B, and a margin C which forms the
rim. Each of the radial arms B is made with lugs B₁ 132 at its inner and outer
ends respectively. Lugs C¹ of similar shape to the lugs B2 are formed integral
with the margin C, between and equidistant from the radial arms. The number
of radial arms in each side member is equal to half the total number of spokes
in the complete wheel.
The two stampings are placed together with their concave sides inwards and in
such a manner that the radial arms on one side are between, and equidistant
from those on the other side.
When the two sides are thus placed, the lugs B³ and C¹ will be superimposed
and may be fastened together by rivets D) or in any convenient manner.
The radial arms B are preferably formed so as to show a semicircular or curved
cross section, and metal strips E are brazed, rivetted or otherwise attached to
them, so as to form with them a hollow tube of any desired cross section, prefer-
ably flat on one side. These metal strips E may be shaped so as to form a
strengthening rib inside the tube, or the radial arms B may be left flat, and the
curved sides of the spokes formed by the added strip E.
Various cross section of spokes formed in this manner are illustrated by way
of example in Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings.
In Fig. 1 the right hand portion of the stamping forming the front half of
the wheel has been removed, thus showing part of the inner or concave side of the
other stamping. At (a) the radial arm B is shown without the strip E; at (b)
the strip E terminates at the edge or neck of the lug B2; and at (c) it extends
the whole length of the groove in the radial arm. The construction as shown
at (b) is, however, preferred, as the lugs C and B2 are sufficiently strong without
the addition of the strip.
A hole F is made in the middle of the central disc A to receive a hub H;
grooves or impressions may be formed in the disc and it may be provided with
a ferrule or flange F¹ round the hole F, to connect or aid in connecting it to the
hub H which is of the barrel type.
The hub H may be furnished with flanges to engage with the discs of each half
of the wheel. These flanges may have grooves corresponding to those, if any,
on the central discs, and the flanges may be fixed to the discs in any convenient
way.
An opening or orifice H¹ is made in the hub through the boss H2, for lubri-
cating and cleaning purposes, it is closed by a screw-cap H³, and, being large,
allows the oil to rush out rapidly when required to do so for cleaning purposes
as before described.
A form of hub which may be conveniently employed in wheels constructed
according to this invention, is that in which the hub is in two parts, telescoping

page_text: with each other, and provided with interlocking longitudinal grooves to prevent
relative rotation of the parts.
It is obvious that in the case of pulleys, made from stampings in accordance
with this invention, the shape of the rim may be modified in order to take a belt
or equivalent and the hub may be made so as to form the boss of the pulley. If
the pulley is to drive or to be driven from a shaft the hub may be keyed or
otherwise fixed to the shaft and in this case the ball bearings and lubricator may
be dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a sheet-metal wheel a spoke comprising a strip of metal attached to a
radial arm integral with the other arms and centre of the same side of the wheel
substantially as described.
2. A wheel comprising two side members each made of sheet metal the radial
arms of each member forming alternate spokes in the wheel substantially as
described.
3. In a wheel of the kind described a spoke having in cross-section one of the
forms substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. In a wheel hub the employment of a large lubricating orifice such as H¹
for the purpose described.
5. The complete wheel substantially as described or illustrated in Figure 1 of
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of To 1900
J. W. HOLLAND.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicants.