Improvements .n or relating to Vapour Lamps or Burners.
Year: 1891

page_text: De of Application, 25th Apr., 1891
Complete Specificat n Left, 16th Jan., 1392--Accepted, 27th Feb., 1892
|- ROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements .n or relating to Vapour Lamps or Burners.
I, ADOLPH ALTMA
do hereby declare the
of 68, Acker Strasse, Berlin, N., Germany, Manufacturer,
ure of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relats to improvements in the burners of vaporized petroleum
apparatus, where sai vaporization is attained by the heat from the flame, and has
for its object a method and means whereby the ports of said apparatus are
prevented fron bec ming choked or blocked as in such burners hitherto made
and used and for caly cleaning the same.
In burners of sin lar design hitherto adopted, a difficulty has always existed in
obtaining perfect vaporization of the petroleum or other hydro-carbon oil employed,
the result being that the remaining liquid oil not only choked or blocked up the
ports, but also led to the destruction of the metal, of which the burner was made.
Nearly all the petroleum oil of commerce contains particles of acid, which oxidizes
the metal and causes the hard crustation, so difficult to be removed. The greater
part of the residues or that which has been turned to carbon is insoluble, and
mixing with the oil not burnt, very soon fills the ports and apertures of the burner.
In searching for an improved petroleum-burner I have therefor been aiming firstly
to insure a perfect vaporization of the oil, secondly to construct a burner that may
be easily taken to pieces and cleansed even by an inexperienced person. In order
to insure the perfect vaporization, I not only allow the oil to impinge against a
heated surface, but force it to come and remain in contact with such heated surface
until every particle of the oil is turned in gas. In all previous methods and designs
this main point has been completely neglected.
In order that my invention may be well understood, I refer to the accompanying
drawing, in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the different
views, and in which :-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of my said improved burner.
Fig. 2 is an elevation, and
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of same.
Fig. 4 is a modification of Fig. 1 and
Fig. 5 is an elevation of a cistern serving for a reservoir of oil.
The tubular shaft a of the burner is closed on top by the disce band has a side
branch cast on at right angles, which is provided with a central bore h communi-
cating with the hollow of the shaft a. A small tube d is inserted into this same
hollow reaching up to the top thereof and held in place by the nut, e into which
the inlet pipe fis placed and held by the nut e'. The oil is forced in by this pipe
into the tube d and jetting against the disc bis here at once vaporized, the disc
encircling the flame by its central hole o. The tubular shaft a also lies within the
flame and carries a short obliquely cut cylinder g which being cast all in one
with the shaft a and the dise and opening out with the hole o, is also penetrated
by the flame, and thus heated to a very high degree, which heat it imparts to the
shaft a.
Therefore the oil, which is not completely vaporized by striking against
the disc flows over out of the tube d into the annular space between the said tube
and the shaft a which in its downward course becomes perfectly vaporized and
turned into gas by the heat given off from the surface of the shaft a. Being now
in the state of gas the petroleum enters the port h and blows out by the nozzle n,
where it is set on fire. The port his closed at its outer end by the screw plug k,
which may be removed when the burner needs cleaning. This however will not
often be necessary, since as has been said before every atom of the oil is turned
into gas by the heat of the shaft a and forced out through the nozzle and when
22

page_text: the burner has not been in use for some time, and the last liquid residues have
become dry and stick to the sides or backs of the ports forming an incrustation will
very soon melt and evaporate when the heat is applied. In order to light the
burner, it will of course be necessary to first heat up the shaft a and disc b. For
this purpose I provide a disc i, somewhat below the side branch c, which may be
filled with suitable spirit the ignition of which will heat the burner and evaporate
the oil, which when blowing out at n will catch fire. Small tubes & permit the
entrance of air inside of the spirit flame thus increasing the effect of the same.
The heating-disc 6 is covered with an open shell m, inside of which there is a
cup p, provided with apertures y for distributing the flame.
9.
The modifications illustrated in Fig. 4 differs from the burner described hereto-
fore in this respect. The tube d is replaced by a partition-feather d' which may
be cast integrally with the shaft a. Thus two long ports and d³ are formed.
The oil rises in d² and comes down in d³ to the port h, being evaporated in its
course. The advantage of this modification is evident. Since the oil in its ascent
already comes in contact with the heated shaft a.
The other port d³ is closed up at its foot by the screw-plug k¹, as far as the
point where the side port h commences which can easily be removed to facilitate
the cleaning of the apparatus.
In Fig. 5 the burner is attached to the oil-feeding cistern r. The same is divided
into two chambers by the horizontal plate s. The upper chamber is the oil-
reservoir. The lower chamber is gradually and forcibly filled with water by the
inlet-cock v¹, in the same proportion, as oil is required by the burner. The air
inside of the lower chamber thus becoming pressed, rises to the top of the upper
chamber by the pipe w and imparts to the surface of the oil the same degree of
pressure thus driving the oil by the way of the pipe f to the burner. The cock v
will serve to let out the water again and the cock v to extinguish the flame, by
merely allowing the air to escape.
Of course other means for producing the pressure may be employed such as air-
pumps, india-rubber bags, bellows and the like.
All dimensions of the single parts are taken proportionately so as to balance the
generation and combustion of the gas, thus rendering all regulating devices
superfluous.
Dated the 18th day of April 1891.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Vapour Lamps or Burners.
I, ADOLPH ALTMANN of 68, Acker Strasse, Berlin, N., Germany, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in the burners of vaporized petroleum
apparatus, where said vaporization is attained by the heat from the flame, and has
for its object a method and means whereby the ports of said apparatus are pre-
vented from becoming choked or blocked as in such burners hitherto made and
used, and for easily cleaning the same.
In burners of similar design hitherto adopted, a difficulty has always existed in
obtaining perfect vaporization of the petroleum or other hydro-carbon oil employed,
the result being that the remaining liquid oil not only choked or blocked up the
ports, but also led to the destruction of the metal, of which the burner was made.
Nearly all the petroleum oil of commerce contains particles of acid, which oxidizes
the metal and causes the hard crustation, so difficult to remove. The greater part

page_text: of the residues or that which has been turned to carbon, is insoluble, and mixing
In
with the oil not burnt, very soon fills the ports and apertures of the burner.
searching for an improved petroleum-burner I have therefore been aiming, firstly
-to insure a perfect vaporization of the oil, secondly-to construct a burner that
may be easily taken to pieces and cleansed even by an inexperienced person. In
order to insure the perfect vaporization, I not only allow the oil to impinge against
a heated surface, but force it to come and remain in contact with such heated
surface until every particle of the oil is turned into gas. In all previous methods
and designs this main point has been completely neglected.
In order that my invention may be well understood 1 refer to the drawing, filed
with my Provisional Application, in which similar letters denote similar parts
throughout the different views, and in which
:-
Fig. is a longitudinal section of my said improved burner,
Fig. 2 is an elevation, and
Fig. 3 a sectional plan of same,
Fig. 4 is a modification of Fig. 1, and
Fig. is an elevation of a cistern serving for a reservoir of oil.
e,
The tubular shaft a of the burner is closed on top by the disc b and has a
side-branch c cast on at right angles, which is provided with a central bore h com-
municating with the hollow of the shaft a. A small tube d is inserted into this
same hollow, reaching up to the top thereof and held in place by the nut into
which the inlet-pipe fis placed and held by the nut el. The oil is forced in by
this pipe into the tube d and jetting against the disc is here at once vaporized,
the disc encircling the flame by its central hole o. The tubular shaft a also lies
within the flame and carries a short obliquely cut cylinder g, which being cast all
in one with the shaft a and the disc and opening out with the hole o, is also
penetrated by the flame, and thus heated to a very high degree, which heat it
imparts to the shaft a. Therefore the oil, which is not completely vaporized
by striking against the disc flows over out of the tube d into the annular space
between the said tube and the shaft a, and in its downward course becomes per-
fectly vaporized and turned into gas by the heat given off from the surface of
the shaft a. Being now in the state of gas the petroleum enters the port / and
blows out by the nozzle n, where it is set on fire. The port is closed at its outer
end by the screw-plug k, which may be removed when the burner needs cleaning.
This however will not often be necessary, since, as has been said before every
atom of the oil is turned into gas by the heat of the shaft a and forced out through
the nozzle n and when the burner has not been in use for some time, and the last
liquid residues have become dry and stick to the sides or backs of the ports, forming
an incrustation, this will very soon melt and evaporate when the heat is applied.
In order to light the burner it will of course be necessary to first heat up the
shaft a and disc b. For this purpose I provide a burner i, somewhat below the
side branch c, which may be filled with suitable spirit, the ignition of which will
heat the burner and evaporate the oil, which when blowing out at n, will catch
fire. Small tubes t permit the entrance of air inside of the spirit-flame thus
increasing the effect of the same. The heating-disc b is covered with an open-
shell m, inside of which there is a cup p, provided with apertures q for distributing
the flame.
The modification illustrated in Fig. 4 differs from the burner described hereto-
fore in this respect. The tube d is replaced by a partition-feather d, which may
be cast integrally with the shaft a. Thus two long ports d' and d³ are formed.
The oil rises in d² and comes down in d³ to the port h, being evaporated in its
course. The advantage of this modification is evident, since the oil in its ascent
already comes in contact with the heated shaft a.
h
The other port d³ is closed up at its foot by the screw-plug k¹, as far as the
point where the side-port / commences, which can be easily removed to facilitate
the cleaning of the apparatus.
In Fig. 5 the burner is attached to the oil-feeding cistern r.
The same is

page_text: The
divided into two chambers by the horizontal plate s. The upper chamber is the
oil-reservoir. The lower chamber is gradually and forcibly filled with water by
the inlet-cock », in the same proportion, as oil is required by the burner.
air inside of the lower chamber thus becoming pressed, rises to the top of the
upper chamber by the pipe w, and imparts to the surface of the oil the same degree
of pressure thus driving the oil by way of the pipe to the burner. The cock v²
will serve to let out the water again and the cock to extinguish the flame, by
merely allowing the air to escape. The water-gauge will show at any moment
to which height the lower compartment is filled.
Of course other means for producing the pressure may be employed such as air-
pumps, india-rubber bags, bellows and the like.
All dimensions of the single parts are taken proportionately so as to balance the
generation and combustion of the gas, thus rendering all regulating devices
superfluous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In a burner of vaporized-petroleum apparatus:
1. The combination with the hollow shaft a, having side-branch c provided with
bore h, said shaft being closed on top by the disc b, of the tube d, secured by
means of nut c, of the inlet-pipe, held by the nut e¹, of the nozzle n, and of the
cylinder g, shell m and perforated cup p, substantially as and for the purpose
described with reference to Fig. 1 of the drawing.
2. The burner i provided below the shaft a, for the purpose of heating
the same before lighting the petroleum-vapors emanating from nozzle n, as
described.
3. The screw-plug k, provided at the end of side-branch c, for the purpose
specified.
4. The modification illustrated by Fig. 4 and described with reference thereto,
in which the tube d is replaced by the partition-feather d', forming the ports d'
and ³, the latter being closed at its foot by the screw-plug ¹, substantially and for
the purpose as described with reference to Fig. 4.
5. The oil-feeding cistern r, divided into two chambers by the horizontal
plates, both chambers communicating by means of the pipe w, the upper chamber
being filled with oil, which is driven into the burner through pipe f, and the lower
chamber with water continuously flowing in through the inlet-cock ¹, in com-
bination with the cocks 2 and 3, and with the water-gauge x, substantially as
described and illustrated by Fig. 5 of the drawing.
Dated this 16th day of January 1892.
ADOLPH ALTMANN,
By Geo. Thos. Hyde,
4, Moorfields, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.