IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING THE BY PRODUCTS IN THE COKING OF COAL AND IN THE OVENS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Thomson; of the firm of William Dixon (Limited),
Ironmaster, and James Thomson, Civil Engineer, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UTILISING THE BY PRODUCTS IN THE COKING OF COAL AND IN THE OVENS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR
"
"
(Void by reason of the Patentees having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Thomson and
James Thomson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
20th August 1883.
CHARLES THOMSON, of the firm of William Dixon (Limited) Ironmaster and
JAMES THOMSON, Civil Engineer, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE BY-PRODUCTS IN THE COKING
OF COAL AND IN THE OVENS EMPLOYED THEREFOR,"
This Invention, which relates to Improvements in utilizing so as to collect or
obtain the by-products which result from the coking of coal and in the ovens
employed therefor, has for its object to obtain a maximum quantity of these
by-products and a maximum quantity of coke.-The Invention consists in
constructing the ovens either with flues under the bottom and at the sides thereof
or by flues under the bottom only, the coal being either charged beforehand or
after or during the firing-up of the ovens.
The ovens are completely or hermetically closed up to prevent the entrance of
external air. A damper is arranged at the top of the ovens to admit air into a
series of flues round the top of the ovens for the purpose of heating the air.―The
air after leaving the above mentioned flues is led into a hot air chamber or
chambers arranged either at the front or back of the oven or in any other suitable
Price 71

page_text: position. From the said chambers the heated air is led into one or more flues at
the side or sides of the bottom of the ovens and thence by a series of channels
under the bottom; the bottom of the ovens being perforated by oblong, round or
other suitably shaped openings. The air is then drawn upwards by an exhauster
or its equivalent through the perforated bottoms of the ovens and through the
body of the coal therein the vapours rising up from the coal in the oven being
conducted through a series of "chequers" or openings in the roof into a flue at
the top of the ovens and conducted from the said flue by an iron or other suitable
pipe to be led off to condensers, and the useful products separated by any of the
well known means.-Steam may be injected into the hot air chamber before
admitting the said hot air into the flues at the sides of the bottom of the oven.
In lieu of admitting the hot air to the flue or flues arranged at the sides of the
bottom of the oven and communicating with the channels under the bottom as
herein before described, the waste gas after the products have been extracted and
after heating the bottom of the ovens or bottom and sides thereof instead of being
led into a flue and conducted to the chimney, are led into the side Blue or flues
herein before referred to at the bottom of the oven, and conducted thence into tlio
channels under the bottom of the ovens being thence drawn up through the
perforated floor and through the body of the coal and taken off.
modification a little steam or a little hot air may also be employed.
In this
Under the centre of the bottom of the ovens is formed a large channel connecting
with the small channels which are also under the bottom of the ovens for
conducting the heated air under the bottom as herein before described.-The said
large channel being for the purpose of lending away any water from the bottom of
the ovens passing through, the perforations thereof, and collecting the said water
to be afterwards utilized if necessary.
At the back of the large channel and at the back of the two bottom side flues,
apertures are led to the outside for the purpose of clearing the channel under
the bottom of the ovens of any dross or small coal by a blast of air or steam

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eduard Quack at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1883.
EDUARD QUACK of Cologne on the Rhine, Prussia, German Empire "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS ENGINES
"
This invention relates to gas engines or motors. The loss of power generally
observed in gas-engines is mainly due to the fact that a large portion of the
heat generated by the explosion of the charge. escapes through the walls of the
cylinder.
This cooling of the cylinder however has an advantage, that is to say, it enables
the piston to be kept in a proper state of lubrication which would not be possible
if the said cylinder were very hot.
On account of this cooling it is necessary to compress the charge in order to
increase the effect of the explosion and to be able to reduce the dimensions of the
engine.
The useful effects of a gas engine are considerably increased when the explosions,
instead of taking place in a cylinder made of metal which is a good conductor of
heat, take place in a cylinder made of bad conducting material which becomes
quickly heated and then acts as a regenerator to heat the charge previous to its
explosion so that the combustion is more thorough and its effects are greater,
whereas the cooling by water of the walls of the cylinder as well as the loss of
power resulting therefrom are entirely avoided. As in a highly heated cylinder
the piston cannot be properly lubricated I attach to the end of the ordinary
metal cylinder within which works a metal piston a second cylinder covered
internally with bad conducting material. The said piston is also provided with a
prolongation likewise made of bad conducting material. It is obvious that this
arrangement is applicable to gas-engines in general.
•
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a cylinder entirely covered
internally with bad conducting material in which cylinder the explosions take
place. The said cylinder forms a prolongation of a second cylinder made of metal
in which a piston moves, the same being provided with a prolongation which
enters the first cylinder. The said prolongation of the piston is likewise of bad
conducting material. The said piston may also be filled with bad conducting
material.

page_text: The second cylinder is filled in the usual manner with a mixture of gas and air
which is exploded at the proper time.
If the first cylinder and the prolongation of the piston are brought to a high
state of heat, these parts will cause the charges to be highly heated previous to
their explosion so that a compression of the said charges will not be absolutely
necessary. After the charge has been exploded and the piston has moved forward,
the products of combustion escape from the engine in a still highly heated state in
which they may be further utilized for heating or other purposes.
In this engine the lining of the first cylinder and the prolongation of the piston
form a kind of regenerator, also any escape of heat produced, into the atmosphere
is prevented, and the use of water for cooling is rendered unnecessary. The engine
works at a temperature which generally corresponds to that caused by the
explosion of the charge and which is higher than in engines in ordinary use. It is
obvious that in consequence, the consumption of gas will be considerably less.
The lining or covering of the cylinder may be made of materials which do not
alter at the temperatures produced, or at least alter very slightly, such as ground
fossil earth, asbestos, slag-hair or the like.
A material which I have found highly suitable for this purpose consists of fine
grained coal, mixed with a solution of soluble glass so as to form a plastic paste
which is pressed into moulds, dried in the air, and heated in an oven to a tempo-
rature of about 300°. With this material the prolongation of the piston may be
covered.