IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW SPANNERS AND WRENCHES follows
Year: 1884

page_text: I EDWARD BARNES of Upper Webster Street, Aston, New Town, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said
to be as
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW SPANNERS AND WRENCHES
follows:-
"
My Invention consists of the arrangement or combination of the parts of Screw
Spanners or Wrenches hereinafter described; whereby the movable jaw which
slides upon the shank of the Spanner is adjusted thereon, or is capable of
approaching or receding from a fixed jaw, by a screw worked preferably from the
top of the Spanner or Wrench-head, the rotation of the Screw causes the movable
sliding jaw to travel backwards and forwards and so adjust the distance between
the jaws according to the size of nut or other object required to be turned-By
constructing Spanners or Wrenches according to my Improvements, they are
uniform on both sides, less costly in their production and are moreover efficient in
action and not liable to derangement.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a Screw Spanner.
The adjustable part, which is commonly called the movable jaw, slides freely
upon the shank of the spanner; that is, the movable jaw has a box case or square
eye of the exact cross section of the stem upon which it slides; a wormed groove
runs down one of the inside faces of the said case or eye in the movable jaw
corresponding to the Screw which takes therein, as hereinafter described, and upon
the top of the stem, the fixed head or jaw of the Spanner is situated; the screw
for operating the movable jaw lies within a longitudinal groove running from the
top of the fixed jaw down one of the sides or faces of the shank and is of sufficient
length to hold the Screw-The Screw is kept in its place, or from rising, by a pin
taking into an annular groove near its end-The milled head for rotating the said
screw, is sunk within and lies nearly flush with the top of the fixed jaw, with its
edge on one side standing a little above the face, in consequence of the screw being
a little out of the centre of the Spanner itself.
The jaw of the Spanner is adjusted as follows:-
On rotating the milled head of the Screw on the summit of the Spanner the
worm of the Screw engaging within the threaded or wormed part in the box of the
movable jaw, causes the said jaw to traverse backwards and forwards upon the

page_text: shank, or otherwise changes the relative position of the movable with the fixed
jaw, in adjusting the spanner to suit the particular sized nut or other object to be
turned.
The milled head of the Screw instead of being worked from the summit as
described, it may with like effect be let into the shank and worked near the handle
part of the Spanner.
The handle or metallic stock part of the above Spanner I prefer to encase or
cover with some non-metallic substance such as leather, chequered wood or other
suitable material.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, EDWARD BARNES of Upper Webster Street, Aston New Town, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW SPANNERS AND WRENCHES," and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists of the arrangement or combination of the parts of screw
spanners or wrenches hereinafter described; whereby the movable jaw which slides
upon the shank of the spanner is adjusted thereon, or is capable of approaching or
receding from a fixed jaw, by a screw worked preferably from the top of the
spanner or wrench head, the rotation of the screw causes the movable sliding jaw
to travel backwards and forwards and so adjust the distance between the jaws
according to the size of nut or other object required to be turned. By constructing
spanners or wrenches according to my improvements, they are nearly uniform on
both sides, less costly in their production and are moreover efficient in action and
not liable to derangement.
I will describe my invention as applied to a screw spanner.
The adjustable part which is commonly called the movable jaw slides freely upon
the shank of the spanner; that is, the movable jaw has a box case or square eye of
the exact cross section of the stem upon which it slides; a wormed groove runs
down one of the inside faces of the said case or eye in the movable jaw corre

page_text: sponding to the screw which takes therein, as hereinafter described, and upon tho'
top of the stem, the fixed head or jaw of the spanner is situated; the screw for
operating the movable jaw lies within a longitudinal groove running from the top
of the fixed jaw down one of the sides or faces of the shank, and is of sufficient
length to hold the screw. The scrow is kept in its place, or from rising, by a pin
taking into an annular groove near its end or by claw like ends. The milled
head for rotating the said screw, is sunk within and lics nearly flush with the top
of the fixed jaw, with its edge on one side standing a little above the face, in
consequence of the screw being a little out of the centre of the spanner itself.
The jaw of the spanner is adjusted as follows.
On rotating the milled head of the screw on the summit of the spanner, the
worm of the screw engaging within the threaded or wormed part in the box of
the movable jaw, causes the said jaw to traverse backwards and forwards upon
the shank, or otherwise changes the relative position of the movable with the
fixed jaw, in adjusting the spanner to suit the particular sized nut or other object
to be turned.
The milled head of the screw instead of being worked from the summit as
described, it may with like effect be let into the shank and worked near the handle
part of the spanner.
The handle, or metallic stock part of the above spanner I prefer to encase or
cover with some non-metallic substanco such as leather, chequered wood or other
suitable material.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 is a front elevation and figure 2 is a back elovation of a spanner con-
structed according to my invention. Figure 3 is a like elevation of figure 1 with
the movable jaw partly in section. Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section.
Figure 5 is the body of the spanner and the handle, with the raising and lowering
screw and movable jaw removed. Figure 6 is a longitudinal vertical section of
figure 5 on the dotted lines A B. Figure 7 is a plan of figure 5. Figure 8 is a
plan of figure 1. Figure 9 is a section of the movable jaw. Figure 10 is a plan
of the movable jaw. Figure 11 is a cross section of the movable jaw, and figure 12
is the screw separately.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the Drawing.
a is the movable jaw, and b the fixed jaw made in one piece with the shank and
handle c, and upon which the movable jaw or adjustable part a slides. d is a
raising and lowering screw which passes through the rectangular case or eye a² in
the movable jaw a, the exact cross section of which is best seen in figure 10.
a³ is a wormed groove running upon the near inside edge of the said case or eye,
the rectangular opening forms the guide of the slide, while the screwed depression
constitutes the means whereby the jaw is adjusted upon the shank. c³ is a hollow
or depression in the face of the shank in which the screw for operating the movable
jaw lies. care overhanging claw ends for preventing the screw from rising out
of its place, and c' is a hole or cut away part in the head of the fixed jaw, wherein
the head of the screw works and rotates. The overhanging claw like ends are
best seen in figure 8. The screw in being placed within the recess, is introduced
laterally.
By constructing spanners or wrenches according to my improvements, they are
nearly uniform on both sides or faces which is an acquisition when the said
spanners are used in confined places, and moreover the said spanners can be cheaply
produced, are efficient in their action than ordinary spanners, and are not liable to
derangement.
On rotating the milled head ², the screw & causes the movable jaw to traverse
backwards and forwards upon the shank, or otherwise changes the relative position
of the movable with the fixed jaw in adjusting the spanner to suit the particular
sized nut or other object to be turned, the rising and falling being effected by the

page_text: engagement of the threads of the screw with the wormed recess a³ in the inside of
the eye of the movable jaw. The milled head d' of the sorew instead of being
worked from the summit, may be turned in the reverse direction and let into a hole
in the shank near the handle end of the spanner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First The improvements in screw spanners or wrenches in which the screw for
operating the movable jaw, lies within a longitudinal sunken recess or cavity in
the face or body of the shank, the said screw being kept in position or from rising
by overhanging stops or by a pin-The traversing or sliding of the movable jaw
being effected by the operating screw passing through the eye of the movable jaw,
and engaging within a semi wormed recess or toothed groove on one side of the
said eye, the other side being plain-By disposing the parts in the manner as
described, the spanner or wrench is made nearly uniform on both sides, and con-
sequently more compact and more efficient when in use; the parts being constructed,
arranged and combined, and operating in the way substantially, as and for the
purpose as described and set forth in the several figures of the Drawing.
Secondly-The-general arrangement or combination of the parts of screw
spanners or screw-wrenchies consisting of the screw d, longitudinal recess or
groove c³, cavity eª, overhanging parts¯c³, also_the_movable-jaw-a_with_the_plain
eye as having at one side thereof a wormed toothed recess or groové a substantially
for the purpose as described and illustrated.