IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED RECORDERS OR APPARATUS FOR RECORDING THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVE AND A com- STATIONARY ENGINES, RAILWAY WAGONS, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED
RECORDERS OR APPARATUS FOR RECORDING THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVE AND
A com-
STATIONARY ENGINES, RAILWAY WAGONS, AND OTHER VEHICLES."
munication from abroad by Hugo Richard Baumann, Engineer, of Dresden,
SAVARS
Sealed the 6th September 1878, and dated the 13th April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1878.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED RECORDERS OR APPARATUS FOR RECORDING
THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVE AND STATIONARY ENGINES, RAILWAY WAGGONS, AND
OTHER VEHICLES." (A communication from abroad by Hugo Richard Baumann,
Engineer, of Dresden, Saxony.)
This Invention has for its object improvements in speed recorders or apparatus
for recording the speed of locomotive and stationary engines, railway waggons, and
other vehicles.
The improved apparatus is designed to illustrate graphically on a strip of paper
the speed of a locomotive, railway carriage, or other vehicle, or of the revolving part
of any stationary engine by indicating the distance travelled or moved within very
small but uniform periods of time, and shewing whether the movement is in a
forward or a backward direction by marking a horizontal line on the paper if the
vehicle or moving part is moving one way, and omitting such indication if the
movement be in the reverse direction.
The mechanism employed for the above purposes is arranged in a case having
three compartments, the lowest whereof contains suitable clockwork operating
(if required) a visible dial and an intermittent coupling contrivance situate in the
adjoining upper or "intermediate" compartment, which contains also improved

page_text: transmitting gear arranged to operate (when required) a pencil point opposite the
herein-before mentioned dial, also to operate a set of three paper cylinders or drums
in the uppermost compartment, and a pencil point and a hooked pin opposite the centre
cylinder or drum.
The main axis, which is operated from the moving part to be indicated by a
worm and wheel, carries a cam for operating through a sliding bar and cam slot
the axis of the hooked pin. On the main axis are also fixed at a suitable distance
apart two ratchet wheels having their teeth arranged in opposite directions.
Between the ratchet wheels are arranged loose on the axis two bevel wheels,
each with two ratchets taking into the ratchet wheel next to the respective bevel
wheel. Thus, turning one way, the main axis turns with it the one bevel wheel;
when turning the contrary way, the axis carries with it the other bevel wheel only.
The said two bevel wheels gear with a third similar wheel fixed on the end of an
axis (I will call it No. 2) at right angles to the main axis. No. 2 axis operates the
pencil point opposite the dial (when such is required) through a cam and bell-crank
lever arrangement and through a worm and wheel and train of wheels. Axis No. 2
also operates the centre paper cylinder or drum in the uppermost compartiment of
the case.
The two side paper cylinders or drums, which are provided with grippers
for holding the paper, work in sliding bearings, and by springs the surfaces of the
side cylinders or drums (or of the paper on them) are kept in frictional contact with
the surface of the centre cylinder on drum, whereby they are driven always at the
same surface speed as the centre cylinder or drum. Parallel with No. 2 axis is a
short axis I will call No. 3. It is driven by spur gear from and in the same
direction as No. 2, but at double the speed.
Opposite one another are two ratchet wheels, one fixed on axis No. 2, the
other on No. 3. Close to each of theso ratchet wheels is a spur wheel loose
on its axis. Between the peripheries of the two spur wheels is a rack bar
carrying at its upper end the pencil point for marking the strip of paper carried by
the paper cylinders or drums.
Between axis Nos. 2 and 3 is a spindle, to which rocking motion is imparted by
the clockwork. This spindle by forked arms operates cones or inclines sliding to
and fro, one on axis No. 2, the other on axis No. 3. These cones or inclines act on
suitable arms on the axes of ratchets carried by the two spur wheels on said axes
Nos. 2 and 3. Springs are arranged to press the ratchets (which are multidental)
towards the peripheries of their respective ratchet wheels. The cones or inclines
operate so as alternately to move the ratchets of the spur wheel on axis No. 2 out
of gear with their ratchet wheel, simultaneously allowing the ratchets of the
spur wheel on No. 3 axis to gear with their respective wheel, and vice versa.
As is obvious, the details of construction may be more or less varied to suit
circumstances without departure from the distinctive characteristics of the
Invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
October 1878.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED RECORDERS OR APPARATUS FOR RECORDING
THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVE AND STATIONARY ENGINES, RAILWAY WAGONS, AND
OTHER VEHICLES." A communication from abroad by Hugo Richard Baumann,
Engineer, of Dresden, Saxony.
This Invention has for its object improvements in speed recorders or apparatus
for recording the speed of locomotive and stationary engines, railway wagons, and
other vehicles.
The improved apparatus is designed to illustrate graphically on a strip of paper
the speed of a locomotive railway carriage or other vehicle, or of the revolving part
of any stationay engine by indicating the distance travelled or moved within very
small but uniform periods of time, and shewing whether the movement is in a
forward or a backward direction by marking a horizontal line on the paper if the
vehicle or moving part is moving one way, and omitting such indication if the
movement be in the reverse direction.
The mechanism employed for the above purposes is arranged in a case having
three compartments, the lowest whereof contains suitable clockwork operating (if
required) a visible dial and an intermittent coupling contrivance situate in the
adjoining upper or "intermediato" compartment, which contains also improved
transmitting gear arranged to operate (when required) a pencil point opposito the
herein-before mentioned dial, also to operate a set of three paper cylinders or
drums in the uppermost compartments, and a pencil point and a hooked pin opposite.
the centre cylinder or drum.
The main axis, which is operated from the moving part to be indicated by a worm
and wheel, carries a cam for operating through a sliding bar and cam slot the axis
of the hooked pin. On the main axis are also fixed at a suitable distance apart
two ratchet wheels having their teeth arranged in opposite directions.
Between the ratchet wheels are arranged loose on the axis two bevil wheels, each
with two ratchets taking into the ratchet wheel next to the respective bevil wheel.
Thus, turning one way, the main axis turns with it the bevel wheel; when turning
the contrary way, the axis carries with it the other bevel wheel only. The said two
bevel wheels gear with a third similar wheel fixed on the cud of an axis (I will call
it No. 2) at right angles to the main axis. No. 2 axis operates the pencil point
opposite the dial (when such is required) through a cain and bell-crank lever arrange-
ment, and through a worm and wheel and train of wheels; axes No. 2 also operates
the centre paper cylinder or drum in the uppermost compartment of the case. The
two side paper cylinders or drums, which are provided with grippers for holding
the paper, work in sliding bearings, and by springs the surfaces of the side cylinders
or drums (or of the paper on them) are kept in frictional contact with the surface of
the centre cylinder or drum, whereby they are driven always at the same surface speed
as the centre cylinder or drum. Parallel with No. 2 axis is a short axis I will call
No. 3. It is driven by spur gear from and in the same direction as No. 2, but at
double the speed.
Opposite one another are two ratchet wheels, one fixed on axis No. 2, the other
on No. 3. Close to each of these ratchet wheels is a spur wheel loose on its axis.
Between the peripheries of the two spur wheels is a rack bar carrying at its upper
end the percil joint for marking the strip of paper carried by the paper cylinders
or drums.
Between axes Nos. 2 and 3 is a spindle, to which rocking motion is imparted by.
the clock work. This spindle by forked arins operates cones or inclines, sliding to
and fro, one on axis No. 2, the other ou axis No. 3. These cones or inclines act on
suitable arms on the axes of ratchets carried by the two spur wheels on said axes

page_text: Nos. 2 and 3. Springs are arranged to press the ratchets (which aro multidental)
towards the peripheries of their respective ratchet wheels. The cones or inclines
operate so as alternately to move the ratchets of the spur wheel on axis No. 2 out
of gear with their ratchet wheel, simultaneously allowing the ratchets of the spur
wheel on No. 3 axis to gear with their respective wheel, and vice versa.
As is obvious the details of construction may be more or less varied to suit
circumstances without departure from the distinctive characteristics of the In-
vention.
In the accompanying Drawings Figs. 1 to 9 show, full size, one construction of
apparatus specially adapted for use on locomotive engines and railway carriages
or cars.
The whole of the mechanism is arranged in a metal case having three compart-
ments, one above the other.
The lowest compartment contains a train of clockwork, with lever and balance
escapement, which operates a dial visible from the outside and the intermittent
coupling contrivance of the transmitting gear. The clockwork itself does not form
a part of the Invention, and is not shown in the Drawings. The adjoining upper or
intermediate compartment contains the improved transmitting gear; and the upper-
most compartment the registering apparatus, visible from the outside through a pane
of class

page_text: the same respective axes, are situate the two loose spur wheels d and d³, working
free of each other, but both gearing with the spur wheel e fixed on a shaft or axis B
arranged parallel with the axes A and A. Each of these loose spur wheels is fitted
near its periphery with ratchets and springs taking into the teeth of its respective
ratchet wheel. Thus, whatever the direction of motion of the axis A, the axis B
will rotate only in one direction, namely, from left to right, as shewn by the arrow,
the action of the spur wheels corresponding exactly with that of the bevel gearing
already described.
The noise occasioned by the slipping of the ratchets over the teeth of the ratchet
wheels may be obviated (if required) by the use of mute ratchets in both the bevel
and spur wheel gearings.
B¹, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, is an axis parallel to the axis B, and connected thereto by
means of cog wheels f, g, h, so arranged that the axis B' is driven in the same
direction as the axis B, but at double the speed.
81,82, are two ratchet wheels fixed exactly opposite to one another on their respec-
tive axes B and B¹, and each provided on its periphery with very small strong tectli.
The teeth of these wheels are arranged in one and the same direction, so that both
rotate only from right to left (Fig. 1).
t, t, are two cog wheels situated loose on the respective axes B and B¹, close to
and partly overlapping the ratchet whools 81, 8². The wheels t¹, t³, are provided
with fine but strong and multidental ratchets, taking into their respective ratchet
wheels.
The details of this coupling contrivance are illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 6, and
6ª, and will be explained hereafter.
As shown in section in Fig. Gs the axes of the ratchets are passed in firm guides
through the cog wheels, and are rigidly connected on the other side thereof with
bent levers pointing towards the contro. The guides will allow of a partially rota-
tory movement of the axes of the ratchets, but will not admit of their shifting in
the direction of the axes B and B'. Each ratchet lever arm is prossed down by a
spring fixed on the hind side of the wheels t¹, t, so that the ratchet connected there-
with will always take into its respective ratchet wheel without any intermediate
link.
It is necessary that this coupling contrivance be disengaged alternately and suc-
cessively in such manner, that in consecutive small, though uniform periods of time,
now only the wheel shall be connected with the axis B, and then only the
wheel 2 with the axis B¹. To this end the axes B and B are provided with two
loose cones k¹, k³, arranged behind the cog wheels so that their outer surfaces will
grip underneath the ends of the ratchet levers without being in any further connec-
tion with them. These cones do not participate in the motions of the axes B and
B', and may be shifted a certain distance backward and forward thereon, so that
when they are shifted forwards or towards the cog wheels they act as wedges on
the lever ends of the ratchets, forcing them outwards, and so releasing the cog wheels
from the action of the ratchet wheels; while, when the cones are being shifted back-
wards or away from the cog wheels the springs above-mentioned will cause the
lever ends to again approach the axes B and B', thus bringing the teeth of the
ratchets to bear against the teeth of their respective ratchet wheels, and actuating
the cog wheels t¹, t².
If this shifting of the sliding cones takes place alternately, so that while the one
cone is being shifted forward the other cone is being drawn back, then only one cog
wheel will be simultaneously connected with its respective axle, and partake of its
motion while the other will be at liberty to move freely.
The lift of the ratchets must not be more than three times the depth of the
very fine teeth of the ratchet wheel, so that one pair of ratchets will be liberated
at the same moment that the other pair takes hold.
The taper of the outer surface of the cones and their amount of travel must be
arranged to correspond with the lift of the ratchets. In order to ensure this alter-
nate and simultaneous reciprocatory motion the two cones are turned cylindrically

page_text: at their bases opposite to the wheels t¹ and t2, and, as shewn in front view in Fig. 7,
are caught by two forked arms of a double-armed lever whose fulcrum is in the
axis y.
These forked arms are semicircular in shape, and carry at their ends two
pins, which are placed vertically opposite to each other, and which take into two
small oval holes in the circumference of the cones.
The cones are prevented from partaking of the motion of the axes B and B¹ by
two horizontal pins fixed in the base or beginning of the fork, and working in
similar grooves in the cylindrical bases of the cones.
By imparting a rocking motion to the axis y the cones ¹ and ³ are moved to
and fro on the axes B and B', and thus the wheels t' and t² are connected alternately
with their respective axes Band B'.
The intermittent oscillation by jerks of the axis y is effected by the clockwork
above referred to. The mechanisin for this purpose is arranged in the lower part of
the case, as shewn in Figs. 2, 11, 12, and 13, and its details and their function are
herein-after described.
By means of a separate gearing connected with the escapement wheel of the
clockwork a small flat-headed screw 1 (Fig. 11) is caused to make exactly one
revolution in a unit of time; for instance, in one second.
The points of begining and ending of the screw thread plane (overlapping each
other, but inconsiderably) are cut off at the top in a sloping direction. Against
this screw thread plane (see plan, Fig. 11, screw thread plane marked /), the
end of one wing of a double fly 2 is continually pressed from bottom to top (in this
arrangement by means of a wound-up barrel wheel). Hence with every revolution
of the screw the wing of the fly sliding on the screw incline will rise a distance
equal to the height of the screw thread, and when it has reached the upper end of
such thread will suddenly escape, allowing the axis of the fly to complete half a
revolution, while in the next instant the other wing of the fly will strike the lower
end of the screw thread.
Supposing the spring causing the rotation of the axis of the fly to be con-
tinually tightened or wound up, the said axis will always make half a revolution in
the same time that the screw makes an entire revolution. The rise of the scrow
thread must be calculated in such a manner that the impulse given by the pressure
of the end of the wing on the screw will be counteracted by the friction produced.
The clockwork will thus be in no way influenced by the action of the fly, and will
work perfectly free at all times.
To the axis of the fly is fixed a heart-shaped cam 3 (Fig. 12), which operates a
fork 4 attached to a lengthy lever, so that at every half revolution of the axis of
the fly and heart-shaped cam .3 the forked lever will oscillate, and adopt two
extreme lateral positions. It is this oscillation which is transmitted in direct
manner to the axis y by means of two conical cog wheel sectors.
The arrangement of the barrel wheel 12, which receives its winding up or
tightening froin motion introduced into the apparatus, and which transmits its
power regularly to the axis of the fly, is more clearly shewn in Figs. 2, 12, and 13.
E is a short shaft connected by spur gearing to and rotated by the shaft B, which
constantly turns in one direction. This shaft E rests in two firm bearings, and in
one of its ends a hole is bored to serve as one bearing for the barrel wheel axis E',
which forms the prolongation of the shaft E. The barrel wheel axis E is at its
other and sented in a fixed bearing, and carries at the outer side of this bearing the
ratchet wheel 11, against which a ratchet is constantly pressed, so as to permit of
rotation in one direction only, namely, that of the unwinding of the spring from
the axis E. The spur wheel 13 forms the bottom of the barrel wheel, and by
transmission gears into a another spur wheel on the axis of the fly. One end of
the spring in the barrel wheel is fixed to the shaft E¹ (the same being free to turn
in one direction), and its other end to the interior of the barrel wheel, so that when
the latter is turned in the direction of the winding up of the spring, the spring will
be tightened.

page_text: On the outer side of the barrel wheel bottom is fixed a disc-or cam wheel 5, the
circumference of which forms a regularly ascending spiral. Close behind this wheel
is a sector 6 fastened on to the barrel wheel axis E, and carrying on the side next
to the barrel wheel a strong ratchet 8, which constantly bears upon the periphery
of the spiral-shaped disc or can wheel 5. This ratchet 8 also carries on the side
furthest from the barrel wheel a pin 9, which projects a certain distance from the
sector 6. The projecting part of the pin forms the half a cylinder, the axial
sectional surface of which is slightly arched or curved outwardly. 7 is a tooth
fixed to that end of the shaft E in which the barrel wheel shaft E' has its bearing.
The end of this tooth corresponds with the arched sectional surface of the pin 9,
and the tooth itself is of such length that it will seize the pin 9 in all positions
which the ratchet 8 may occupy on the circumference of the spiral-shaped disc or
cam wheel 5, with the exception of the highest altitudo shortly before the tooth 7.
The spring 10 must be in a certain state of tension from the beginning, and
which it permanently retains. This tension is produced by holding the axis E' fast,
and turning the barrel wheel until the ratchet 8 drops into and bears against tho
tooth of the disc wheel 5.
According to the extent of the original revolution a certain dogrec of tension of
the spring will be set up between the barrel wheel axis E' and the circumference of
the barrel wheel. The efficacy of this barrel wheel and its adjuncts, as above
described, will be best explained by describing the operations that will take place
upon motion being introduced into the apparatus. Thus as soon as the axis E
with the tooth 7 firmly connected thereto commences to turn from left to right, the
tooth 7 will strike against the pin 9 (which is at rest with its ratchet 8 bearing
against the tooth of the wheel 5) and carry it, and at the same time the sector 6
connected therewith, and the barrel wheel axis E¹ in the same direction as the
axis E. If during this time the spur wheel 13 be held fast, the spring will be
wound up or tightened until the ratchet 8 has reached its highest position on the
spiral-shaped disc or cam wheel 5. During this operation a turning of the axis E¹
by the tension of the spring is prevented by the ratchet wheel 11.
If the barrel wheel bottom 13 were still held fast the tooth 7 would be now free
to continue its rotation without again touching the pin 9, and consequently with-
out further tightening the spring. The resistence however of the barrel wheel
bottom only continues so long as one wing of the fly is bearing against the screw of
the clockwork. As soon as the one wing reaches the upper end of the screw it will
escape by reason of the pressure of the spring and the barrel wheel, and with it the
spiral-shaped disc or cam 5, will make a slight retrograde motion until the other
wing of the fly strikes the lower end of the screw. By this operation the position
of the ratchet will be lowered, so that axis E continuing its rotation the tooth 7
will again strike against the pin 9, and the length of spring that has run down will
be again wound up or tightened. The extent of this retrograde motion of the
barrel wheel is about 30°, so that on the axis E ceasing its rotation the original
tension given to the spring will enable the barrel wheel to spontaneously produce
about twelve oscillations. This proportion can however be altered ad libitum in
cach separate case.
When the apparatus is again set in motion the action of the spring will commence
as soon as the tooth 7 has travelled a distance about in proportion to the retro-
gression of the spring during one oscillation.
By introducing a particular stay the spontaneous action of the spring to the end
of its tension after the motion has ceased may be prevented, so that on introducing
any new driving motion the spring will immediately act of itself.
Between the toothed wheels t¹ and is placed a rack bar D, guided laterally by
two fixed guide bars. This rack bar is toothed on both sides at its lower end, and
its upper end which projects into the upperniost compartment of the apparatus
carries a pencil point.
The position of both cogged or toothed wheels is such that (being accurately
fitted) they work into the cogs of the rack, hence the travel of the rack resulting

page_text: from the motion given by one of the two wheels represents the evolution of the
pitch line of the respective cog wheel in the same time.
In order to show the velocity of the motion to be registered I only make use of
the ascending motion of the rack D, that is, the motion imparted to it by the
wheel t, the wheel t being used to return the rack in the next equal period of time
into its lowest position. In order that this downward movement to the lowest
position may be effective when the velocity of the motion is decreasing, that is,
also, when the distances accomplished in consecutive equal periods of time are
descreased more and more, the gear f, g, h, is (as already mentioned) so arranged
that when the axis B is rotated uniformly the axis B¹ will rotate at double the
velocity, this being an adequate proportion for the motion of railway conveyances.
The lowest position of the pencil point at the end of every alternate period of
time is further ensured by means of the following arrangement (shewn more clearly
in Fig. 1) To the lower end of the rack D is applied laterally a fixed projection
which fits accurately into a saddle placed opposite to the projection and fastened to
a flat spring. Now when during the descent the wheel 2 is still just in gear with
the upper right-hand teeth of the rack D the lower surface of the projection on the
rack will have acted upon the upper projection of the saddle and have passed over
its highest point, so that after the wheel has depressed the rack D so far that the
cogs are out of gear the spring will cause the inner inclined surface of the upper
projection of the saddle to act upon the projection of the rack and press it, and
with it the rack, safely down to the lowest point. By this arrangement the striking
of the rack on the bottom bed of the case will also be prevented.
As soon as the apparatus is in connection with the motion whose velocity is to be
registered, and the clockwork in action, the play of the rack takes place in such
manner that when the wheel t¹ is coupled with the axis B and 2 runs free, the rack
D will ascend. Then at about the same moment twill' be liberated and ✪ put into
action, pressing the rack down to the lowest point. Here it remains until the next
connection takes place, as the result of which the rack will again ascend.
The transmission of the motion to be registered to the wheels t¹ and t must be
so proportioned that the greatest velocity to be measured, id est, the greatest possible
travel of the circumference of the cog wheel t¹ during a given period of time, will
be equal to but not exceed the greatest play of the rack D as limited by the dimen-
sions of the apparatus.
As a security against circumstances which might occasion uncommon velocities,
and to which the apparatus might not be adapted; or in case the clockwork should
come to a standstill, and the wheel t be accidentally connected with the axis B, the
teeth on the left-hand side of the rack do not extend to the bottom, so that in the
uppermost position of the rack the teeth are out of gear with the wheel t'.
On the axis B and next to the cone is a cam-like disc wheel i, against the
periphery of which presses a sliding jaw which is fastened to the end of one arm of
a bell-crank lever working on a fixed fulcrum.
The other arm of this bell-crank lever carries a pencil point which works on a
hinge, and is pressed against the circumference of the dial plate by means of a weak
spring.
During the rotation of the axis B the lever receives an oscillating motion which
it imparts to the pencil point, and causes it to mark a broad stripe on the dial,
whereas when the axis B is at rest, a mere line, concentric with the periphery of
the dial will appear thereon. This dial plate itself consists of a printed paper disc
fastened to the circular metal disc moved by the clockwork, and can be removed
and replaced after use by a fresh one, as desired.
I do not claim this part of the apparatus as now, and it may be omitted if the
time is not required to be registered, or, if greater accuracy in registering time is
required, it may be replaced by a narrow stip of paper evoluting in certain time,
whereby the period of time may be indicated to any larger scale.
Part of the axis B between its rearward bearing and the wheel i is threaded, and

page_text: this thread takes into the wheel m³, and by means of the gearing m³, m³, and m³,
operates the strip of paper on which the actual diagram of velocity is marked by
the pencil point of the rack D.
The mechanism of the graphically recording apparatus placed in the uppermost
compartment of the case is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 5. It consists (sce Figs. 2
and 5) of three metallic drums with their vertical axes situated in one plane and
which are enclosed by a square frame. The axis of the middle drum passes through the
frame at top and bottom, and is guided by ring bearings therein.
On the outside of the frame, the upper part of this axis terminates in a knob, by
means of which the drum can be turned by hand, and its lower projection terminates
in a four or six sided boss which fits accurately into the suitably formed upper end
of the axis of the wheel m¹.
The frame can be inserted from above into the case, and is held by means of
lateral guides. When in its lowest position, the middle drum is, by means of the
above-mentioned connecting boss, in connection through the gearing m², m³, m³,
and m² with the axis B, so that the drum partakes of the motion of this axis in
proportion to the ratio of transmission of the scrow and wheel gear, hence the travel
of the circumference of the drum during equal periods of time is proportionate to
the velocity of the motion to be registered.
The two winding-up drums which have to take up the strip of paper are
situate one on either side of this middle drum. Their axes turn in bearings which
are not fixed to the frame but slide in guides thereon, and against these bearings
butt the feet of two formed straps. These straps also slide in guides at top and
bottom, and they are each pressed by a spring away from the sides of the vertical
frame, and towards the centre and driving drum, so that by the friction caused by
the motion of the driving drum, both driving drums will be turned in one and the
same direction. Each of these winding drums has in its circumference a vertical
slit extending from top to bottom, and in the interior of the drum a vertical plate
adjusted radially is joined to this slit. The inner edge of this vertical plate forins a
firm hinge on which a corresponding strip of sheet metal, reaching to the internal
circumference of the drum turus. The moveable strip of metal is pressed against
the fixed piece by means of springs fixed at top and bottom to the ends or sides of
the drum.
The preparation of the frame for use is effected in the following manner:-It is
first taken out of the case and one end of a strip of prepared paper of the required
breadth is inserted in the slit of the drum, from which it is eventually to be
unrolled by the action of the middle drum; the strip must be held firmly and the
turning effected by the knob of the driving drum. As soon as the strip is wound
up its other end is inserted in the slit of the other "winding-up" drum, and drawn
tight by operating the driving drum.
"
When the frame is in the case the strip of paper will, during the motion of the
axis B, and in consequence of the corresponding rotation of the driving drum, pass
from the one "winding-up" drum to the other in such manner that the way mado
by the paper strip, uninfluenced by the unequal diameters of the "winding-up'
drums, will be exactly equal to the way made by the circumference of the driving
drum in the same time, and hence also proportionate to the way made by the
machine whose motion is to be registered. There is thus obtained by the action of
the apparatus the delineation of a diagram, whose lower horizontal boundary line
represents the way made from the commencement of the movement, whilst the
relative rectangular ordinates of the upper boundary line are proportionate to the
velocities attained at each point of the way.
Instead of the pencil point fixed to the bar D, which would produce a surface of
velocity on the paper strip, it will be more advantageous to arrange a particular
marking apparatus, which will only mark colored points on the paper strip at the
lowest and highest positions of the bar. These points will be so near to each other
that an actually continuous velocity curve with a horizontal abscissa will be
formed.

page_text: The construction of this marking apparatus is shewn in Figs. 2 and 14 in side
and back view. It consists in the first instance of a horizontal shallow vessel 14
containing color, fixed to the bar D, and into which vessel a conical roller 15,
turning on an axis inclined to 45° dips. On the upper end of the roller's axis is
fixed a small ratchet wheel 16, in the eventual turning of which the conical
coloring roller will participato. On a vertical side plate 17 fixed to the color
vessel is situated a vertical axis suspended on horizontal pivots, and capable of
motion towards the paper strip, and this axis on its lower end carries a small color
disc 18, which turns loose on the circumference of the conical color roller 15, and is
caused to bear thereon by means of a spring. The side plate 17 carries on its
opposite end the vertically oscillating lever 19. On the lever 19 and turning
easily thereon is fixed the horizontal bar 20, through a slot at one end of which
passes the horizontal pin 20ª situated on the axis of the coloring disc. The inner
side of the lever 19 carries a spring acting as a ratchet and taking into the teeth
of the small ratchet wheel 16, so that on the lever being moved forward the spring
will partially rotate the ratchet wheel, the coloring roller, and the coloring disc
connected therewith by friction.
By reason of the slot in the horizontal bar 20, which in a position of rest will be
just free of the pin on the axis of the coloring disc, the effect of the advancing
motion of the lever, and the plate connected therewith will be divided into two
parts.
During the first part of the motion the conical coloring roller, and by friction
the coloring disc, will be slightly turned, so that with each forward motion of the
lever 19 a new point of the color disc supplied with fresh color will face the paper
strip. As soon as this turning is completed, i.c., as soon as the spring ratchet has
passed over the small ratchet wheel the back of the slot in the horizontal bar 20
will hit the pin of the color disc axis, lift the disc off from the roller, and press it
against the paper strip. When the lever 19 and bar 20 return the coloring disc
will again bear on the conical roller, and the ratchet spring will slip over the teeth
of the small ratchet wheel.
In order that the small ratchet wheel may be prevented from turning backwards
a second spring acting as a counterpawl is provided.
The forward motion of the coloring disc must always take place at the same
moment that the bar D has attained its highest or lowest position, that is, when
the oscillatory or rocking motions of the apparatus are in play. This motion is
therefore effected by the rocking motion itself; thus, the oscillating axis y commu-
nicates its motion to a vertical shaft 21, heart-shaped in section, situated in front
of the paper drums and by the side of the marking apparatus. During its oscilla-
tion the edge of the shaft 21 strikes laterally against the end of a horizontal double-
armed lever 22 (fixed to the marking apparatus), and imparts a slight rocking
motion thereto. The other end of this double-armed lever bears on the lower end of
the lever 19, and by its intermittent to-and-fro motion produces the above-described
action of the marking apparatus. As however the axis B, and therefore the driving
drum, move only in one direction, whatever the direction of motion of the axis A,
the direction of the motion to be registered cannot be ascertained from the diagrams
without additional apparatus. Now the registering of this direction of motion on
the identical slip of paper is obtained by means of the lifting cam wheel b and bar /
firmly connected with the axis A.
The bar is held at its upper and lower ends by two guides fixed to the side of
the case in such manner that it can to a certain degree be shifted backwards and
forwards, or rather that it can take an upper and a lower outermost position. This
motion of the bar is, by means of a pin fastened to its upper end, and taking into
a fork, firmly connected with a small shaft l', transferred into a rocking motion of
the said shaft, so that the hook-formed pin in the centre of the apparatus, also fixed
to the shaft, is turned slightly in an angular direction.
When the bar is in its lowest position the hooked pin will press against the

page_text: paper strip, passing in front of the driving drum, and will produce a horizontal line
thereon, which will cease immediately the bar is pushed into its highest position.
Owing to the peculiar construction of the bar (as shewn in front view and
section in Figs. 8) it will always occupy it lowest position during the rotation to
the right of the axis A and the lifting cam wheel b connected thereto, while it will
occupy its highest position when the axis A is rotated to the loft. To this end the
bar is slotted partially through, and into this slot are accurately fitted two catches,
cach of which is provided at its centre with a hinge or pin, on which it works.
These catches can howovor only work in one direction, that is, the arms towards
the centre of the bar can be forced backwards, but the other arms of the catches
are provented from moving in the same direction by the formation of the slot, as
shewn. Those catches are kept in position by a spring fixed at its centre to the
back of the slot, and pressing with its two ends on the backs of those arms of the
catches which point towards the centre of the bar l.
The position of the bar with reference to the lifting cam wheel b is such that
on the axis A cominencing to rotate the cams will take exactly into the front part
of the slot.
In order to explain the effect of the right and left motions of the axis A upon
the bar I will proceed to explain the operation on the introduction of a new motional
direction.
Supposing the bar, as shewn in Figs, 8, to be in its highest position, and the
lifting cam wheel being turned from right to left, then the canis will strike the
upper front side of the lower catch, and will press the same backwards, that is, will
turn it on its hinge from left to right. As soon as the catch has been released from
the pressure of the one cam cog, the spring will cause it to resume its vertical
position.
The next cam cog, which must be at such a distance from the preceding one that
it will not touch the catch before the preceding cam has passed by it, will have the
same effect, that is, it will press the catch back without affecting the bar, so that
during the rotation of the axis A from right to left the bar will permanently
remain in its upper position.
As soon as the motion of the axis A is reversed to the right a cog of the cam
wheel will strike upon the upper surface of the lower catch; and as this cannot
move vertically, by reason of its firm connection with the bar l, the latter will be
pressed downwards a certain distance.
The following cam cogs will now hit against the lower front side of the upper
catch, and press it backwards in the same, as above explained with reference to
the lower catch.
In order to retain the bar 7 quietly and securely in its upper or lower position,
and in order that the catch which has been opposed to and pressed up or down by
the cog whoel may be carried entirely out of reach of the further action of the cam
cogs following in the same direction, two projections are provided on the lower
part of the bar l, which act, in conjunction with the saddle p, in the same way
as described with reference to the projection and saddle of the bar D.
Figs. 15, 16, and 17 show an arrangement for operating a tooth, or rather a
compensating pencil point z for marking the forward and backward motions on
the paper strip.
On the axis A, and in lieu of the cam b, is placed a circular disc wheel 6', whose
circumference is provided with a number of indentations or gaps, as for instance four,
as shewn in Fig. 17. Adjoining this wheel b', and in the same vertical plane, is a
small disc 23 turning on a fixed axis, and arranged to act as a double-armed lever.
The disc 23 carries, on the side facing the wheel 6', a tooth projecting sufficiently
to allow of its entering, under certain conditions, the gaps in the wheel b¹.
In the position shown in the Drawings, this entering is prevented by the pressure
against the tooth of the circumference of the wheel b', against which the tooth is
held by means of a spring fixed to the lever disc 23.
This spring allows of so much motion to the projecting tooth that when it is

page_text: forced to its extreme limit either way, it (the tooth) will just touch the circumference
of the indented wheel, and will be at rest when in a position corresponding to a
straight line drawn through the centres of the axes of the wheel b' and disc 23.
The indentations of the wheel b¹ are so formed that the projecting tooth in its
radial position of rest will not touch their deepest parts, but will follow freely any
rotatory motion of the wheel b¹ until it rests on the circumference thereof.
The position of the lever disc and its projecting tooth, as shewn in Fig. 17, would
correspond to a rotation of the axis A from left to right; and if the motion were
continued in this direction the operation would be as follows:-Owing to the
pressure of the spring the tooth with its point in the direction of the motion will
allow the circumference of the wheel b¹ to slide thereunder until the under side
of the gap 1 has passed its point. At this moment the tooth will be free, and will,
in consequence of the pressure of the spring, commence to resume its radial position of
rest, but meeting with the upper side of gap No. 1 will be prevented from so doing,
and again pressed into its lowest position, this operation being repeated with the
gaps or indentations 2, 3, 4, &c., so that as long as the axis A continues to move in
the same direction the tooth will be kept in its lowest position, and consequently
the opposite point of the lever disc in its highest position. This opposite point is so
connected by means of a rod with a lever on the shaft that the pencil point on
the shaft will participate in the regular motion of the lever disc, and will not touch
the paper strip when the projecting tooth is in its lowest position.
When the motion of the axis A is reversed, that is, when it is turned from right
to left, the operation is as follows:-The circumference of the gap wheel will first
slide under the tooth, which is still pressed against the wheel, but with its point
now against the direction of motion.
As soon as the upper edge of the gap 4 has passed the point of the tooth the
spring will cause the latter to enter the said gap, and remain there so long as the
gap is in the direction of the common radius of the axis A and disc 23.
The motion of the former being continued, the under side of gap 4 will soon meet
the lower surface of the projecting tooth, and overcoming the spring which now
commences to act on the other side, turns the tooth on the axis of the disc 23 until
it leaves the gap 4 entirely, and assuming its extreme upper position, presses
against the circumference of the wheel b¹.
The play of the tooth against the following gaps will be the same as that already
described with reference to the motion of the axis A, from left to right; with this
difference that the tooth now retains its extreme upper position.
By reason of the connection, as already described, of the lever disc 23, with the
shaft, the pencil z will, when the axis A is turned from right to left, be pressed
against the paper strip, and mark thereon, with a horizontal line, this direction of
motion.
The shape of the gaps in the wheel b¹, that is, their depth and width must be such
that on the motion being reversed the projecting tooth may strike through freely.
The number of gaps in the wheel b¹ may be varied.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of carrying it
into practical effect as communicated to me as aforesaid, I would have it understood
that I do not claim the clockwork herein-before mentioned, nor, save and except as
herein-after mentioned, do I intend to claim the several mechanical parts herein-
before described and shewn when taken separately and apart from the combination
or application thereof in manner and for the purposes herein described or referred
to, but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the In-
vention secured to me under the Letters Patent herein-before in part recited is,―
1. The combination of parts constituting the improved apparatus, constructed,
arranged, and operating substantially as herein-before described with reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6ª, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13 of the Drawings for recording the
speed of locomotive and stationary engines, railway waggons, and other vehicles.
2. The arrangement whereby the wheel t' is connected with the axis B (the
wheel being simultaneously disconnected from the axis B¹), and the wheel is

page_text: connected with the axis B' (the wheel t' being simultaneously disconnected from the
axis B) alternately, substantially as described.
3. The transmitting mechanism in the intermediate compartment of the apparatus,
constructed, arranged, and operating, substantially as described and shewn.
4. The arrangement in the top compartment of the apparatus of the graphical
recorder, operated substantially as described and shewn.
5. Illustrating graphically on a strip of paper, substantially as herein-before
described, the way made from the commencement of the movement in a given poriod
of time by recording the way made by a travelling engine or vehicle, or the
revolutions of a stationary engine in the direction of the abcissa and the velocity of
the movement in the direction of the ordinates.
6. Illustrating the direction of the motion to be recorded (whether backward or
forward) on the same strip of paper as the velocity of the said motion, by the
use as described of the wheel b and bar l, firmly connected with the axis A, as
shewn.
7. The arrangement shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 2 and 4 for
keeping the axis B always rotating in one direction independently of the direction
of motion of the axis A.
8. The modified arrangement shewn in and described with reference to Fig. 10)
for keeping the axis B always rotating in one direction independently of the direction
of motion of the axes A and A¹.
9. The method of operating the axis y intermittently by the use in combination
with it and the clockwork of the screw 1, fly 2, and spring box 12, substantially as
described with reference to Figs 2, 11, 12, and 13.
10. The application and use in connection with the bar D of the improved
marking apparatus, as described with reference to Figs. 2 and 14 for the purposes
specified.
11. The modified arrangement described with reference to Figs. 15, 16, an 1 17 of
the Drawings for operating the pencil or marker z.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
W LLOYD WISE Gol
W LLOYD WISE
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