IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN HARROWS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernhard Samuelson, of Banbury, in the County of
Oxford, Agricultural Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHAIN HARROWS."
Sealed the 12th September 1862, and dated the 20th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernhard Samuelson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th March 1862.
I, BERNHARD SAMUELSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Agricultural
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHAIN HARROWS," to be as follows:-
Chain harrows have hitherto been made in such a manner that the links
which cut the ground have presented a flat or rounded front; now I have
found that the operation of chain harrowing can be much more efficiently
performed by causing those links which are vertical, or a portion of them, to
present an angular or cutting edge, and I effect this by bending the 'iron or
steel of which the links are made so as to present an angle towards the front,
and I prefer to make the links out of iron or steel of a triangular section bent
so that the apex of the triangle shall be towards the outside and the base
inside. It is not necessary that all the links should be bent or made to this
form, but those at least should be so made whose planes are vertical and
parallel to the line of draught.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Bernhard Samuelson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BERNHARD
SAMUELSON, of Britannia Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxford, send
-greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Bernhard Samuelson, Her special licence, that I, the said Bernhard
Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Bernhard Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHAIN HARROWS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Bernhard Samuelson, my executors or adminstrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bernhard Samuelson "do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed:-
Chain harrows have hitherto been made in such a manner that the links
which cut the ground have presented a flat, bluff, or rounded front; now I
have found that the operation of chain harrowing can be much more efficiently
performed by causing those links which stand vertically, or a portion of them,
to present an angular or cutting edge, and I effect this by bending the iron or
steel of which the links are made so as to present an angle towards the front
and I prefer to make the links out of iron or steel of a triangular section bent
- so that the apex of the triangle shall be towards the outside and the base
inside. It is not necessary that all the links should be bent or made to this

page_text: form, but those at least should be so made whose whose planes are vertical
and parallel to the line of draught.
Figure 1 is a plan of a chain harrow; Figure 2, a section of one of the
links, presenting a sharp or cutting edge; Figure 3 is a link of the ordinary
section.
A, Figure 4, coloured blue, shows one of the links according to my Inven-
tion, presenting a cutting edge foremost, the harrow being drawn in the direction
of the arrow (). It is to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the section shown, though I find it practically the most convenient for
obtaining a cutting or angular fronted link, which I claim as my Invention or
improvement in chain harrows.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bernhard Samuelson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
JOHN SHAW,
Engineer,
Banbury.
B. SAMUELSON. (L.S.)