Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of Articles such as Bricks.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 15th Aug., 1890-Accepted, 20th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Articles such as Bricks.
A communication from abroad by WILLIAM LAMPAS GREGG, of 423, Walnut Street,
Philadelphia, County of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America, Lawyer.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
This invention has reference to improvements in machinery or apparatus for the
manufacture of articles such as bricks. For the purpose of enabling the nature of the
invention to be understood, apparatus constructed in accordance therewith is illustrated
in the annexed six sheets of drawings, in which,
Fig. 1 is a plan.
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section on line xa of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line a x of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of part of the machine.
Fig. 5 is a top view of the mould table and boxes, two of the boxes being removed.
Figs. 6 to 19 inclusive are details, as follows:-
Fig. 6 is a detail, being a plan of the lock and latch.
Fig. 7 is a detail, being a vertical section through one of the mould boxes.
Fig. 8 is a detail, being a plan for the devices for removing the brick from the
mould table.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail, shewing the roller brush.
Fig. 10 is a detail view of one of the upper pressure levers and bracket.
Fig. 11 is a cross section on line * of Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a detail, being a side view shewing the movable portion of the track and
its support.
Fig. 13 is a detail, being a side view of the period-gear and lock and latch.
Fig. 14 is a detail, showing one of the pressure levers on the eccentric pin.
Fig. 15 is a detail, showing the eccentric pin used as a fulcrum for the pressure
levers.
Figs. 16 and 17 are details, being side and end views respectively of one of the
upper plungers.
Figs. 18 and 19 are details of face plates.
The object of the invention is to produce by the operation of a single machine
a brick of superior quality which will be of uniform quality, homogeneous and
finished with edges that shall be sharply defined and as firm as the body of the brick,
without the necessity of re-pressing to accomplish such object.
To this end it consists of the method and apparatus as hereinafter described for
giving to the clay, first a simultaneous top and bottom pressure for developing the
brick, removing the air and surplus clay, and particularly for projecting and
developing the edges of the brick; second, an upward pressure to level and solidify
the edges of the brick; and, finally, a simultaneous top and bottom pressure to give
the brick and its edges a solid, uniform, and compact quality and shape. It also
consists of a novel means of expelling the air and surplus clay on the first top and
bottom pressure of the brick.
My improvements in the apparatus have been made in that class of machines
aving an intermittently rotating mould table with sets of moulds in which the clay is
ubjected to successive pressures in the moulds by followers, and which are provided
with devices for removing the finished brick.
17

page_text: B are posts rising from the bed plate.
C is a main truss, one end of which rests upon one of the posts B, and is secured
by a bolt passing through the posts and bed plate.
D D' are two branch trusses bolted at one end to the main truss, with the other
ends resting upon two of the posts B, and secured thereto by bolts which pass through
the posts and bed plate.
E is a mould table provided with gear upon its periphery, and is provided with six
mould boxes, F, each of which, as shown, is double, and which are secured to the table.
The table is provided with openings, over which the mould boxes are placed. Each
box is also provided with a steel lining a, and a partition b. c are metal plates which
are bolted to the tops of the mould boxes.
G, Figs. 4 and 7 are guides for the follower stems, which guides are made
independent and are secured to the bottoms of the mould boxes by means of bolts.
These guides are provided with recesses to permit the insertion from above of the
rollers at the lower end of the follower stems.
H are the followers. As shown, a follower consists of a head e, on the stem of
which is secured a removable plate f. The lower end of each follower stem H is
provided with a roller g.
I is a track for the rollers g.
The mould table is provided with strengthening ribs on the under side and with a
hub at the centre, which rotates upon a pivot J, supported by three legs K, the lower
ends of which are bolted to the bed plate.
L is a hood on top of the main truss, held in place by the centre bolt M, the
object of the hood being in part to take a portion of the strain from the bolts which
connect the branch trusses with the main truss.
I make a portion of the track upon which the rollers g travel adjustable
vertically for the purpose of regulating the amount of clay to be fed to the moulds.
N, Fig. 3 represents the main part of this portion of the track. i is the other part
which is hinged to N. The under side of this part N is, as shown, provided with
three inclines, which rest upon three corresponding inclines k, in the support O. On
the side N is a rack 1, with which a worm screw m engages, which worm can be
operated by a hand wheel n. By rotating this worm-wheel the movable part N can
be raised and lowered, the inclines j moving up and down on the inclines k. By
raising or lowering this part N the position of the lower followers h, when at rest in
the mould boxes, can be varied for the purpose of regulating the amount of clay to be
fed to the mould boxes. The main part of the hinged piece i is only half the width of
the track, and at this point one half of the wheels g will have a support in whatever
position the part i is placed. When the part N is at its lowest position, this part i
will be horizontal. As the part N is raised the part i assumes an inclined
position. N is provided with a slot o, Fig. 3 into which passes a pin which serves as
a guide.
P is a hopper pivoted to the machine.
Q, Fig. 4, is a gear wheel driven by a pinion (not shewn).
R is the main shaft driven by the wheel Q.
Sis a mitre-wheel on the shaft R.
T, Fig. 4, is a vertical shaft, on the lower end of which is a mitre-wheel U,
engaging with the mitre-wheel S.
p is a face plate on the top of hub q, which hub is keyed to the shaft T.
d is a mutilated pinion secured to the hub q, (see Figs. 1 and 4).
A', Fig. 1, is a rod connected at one end to the pivoted hopper and at the other
end to the coiled spring el.
fis a lever, one end of which is pivoted to the bar A' and the other end engages
with the teeth of the mutilated pinion d.
B¹, Figs. 1 and 5 is a mutilated pinion engaging with the mould-table, and being so

page_text: arranged that one revolution of the pinion B' gives to the mould-table one-sixth of a
revolution.
C¹ is a cam, which is bolted to this mutilated gear. The plate which carries the
cam is provided with slots, so that the cam can be adjusted on B.
D) is a bar forked at its outer end, and having upon its inner end, as shown, three
teeth, which engage with notches it, of which, as shown, there are five in the side
of the mould-boxes.
E' is a bar which is bolted to the fork of D².
j is a latch, pivoted at ¹ to the frame and at 12 to D2, which latch has a hook m³,
at its free end.
N¹ is a roller supported on a pin which is bolted to E, the roller being arranged in
the groove of the cam C', Fig. 5.
F is a counter-pressure plate pierced for the first and third pressure plungers and
against which the bricks are pressed from below in the second pressure.
I is a top pressure plunger, which in conjunction with lower followers H, is used to
give the first top and bottom pressure. It is a double plunger, consisting of pistons a²
and as, each of which is provided at its lower end with an inwardly beveled plate a*,
secured thereto by means of a bolt al, dowel pins 2, and an upper bracket composed
of a bottom plate bolted to the head of the plunger and provided with arms &*.
2 is a lever connected to said arms by means of a pin x, and fulcrumed on a post 3
cast on a branch of truss D. The lever 2 is connected to a vertical rod 4 which in
turn is connected to bottom lever G', by rocking arms G³. The pin passes through an
x"
elongated slot 5 in the lever 2 to give the lever an easy sliding and rocking move-
ment thereon. The lever 2 raises the plunger by the pin, but the downward
pressure of the lever is exerted on a sliding gib ., which rests in the bracket between
the arms. That portion of the lever enclosing the pin swells so as to rest and
rock on the gib when the downward pressure is exerted. The said pin thus only
bears the weight of the plunger. The gib is secured to the lever at the point
mentioned by means of a short screw a', a sufficient space being left around the screw-
head to afford a slight rocking motion of the lever thereon. This arrangement of the
parts as shown and described is to relieves the strain on the pin and prevent its
breaking as the lever is alternately raised or depressed.
The second pressure is an upward one produced by the pressure of the followers H
against the counter pressure plate C, in the manner before described. The third or
final pressure is a simultaneous top and bottom pressure produced by a duplication of
the same means as the first top and bottom pressure, nainely, by plunger 7, lever 21,
rod 4', levers G2 and G, except that the plunger 7 is not provided with a beveled
pressure plate.
The object of the said beveled plate is to form in the first pressure an upwardly
projecting fin all around the edge of the brick as shown in Fig. 18. This fin is
flattened on the second upward pressure and thus a solid sharp edge, compact and
firm as the rest of the brick, is obtained.
The air and surplus clay obtained on the first pressure finds its egress through the
plunger 1 by means of holes cut through the plunger. A pan Y is secured to the top
edge of the plunger I, and surrounds the same to catch and hold the surplus clay
escaping from said holes.
On the face of the bottom plate of plunger 7, giving the top pressure on the third
pressure I form conical projections in order to impress the then finished brick with
shallow perforations on one surface, for the purpose of increasing the holding power
of the mortar.
The operation of the machine, it is believed, will be understood without further
description.
The advantages of giving the brick a first top and bottom pressure, at the same
time forcing out the surplus air and clay through the plunger, and developing an
edge to the brick, are I find very great over the method of first giving but a
single pressure to the brick, and forcing the air and clay through holes in a pressure
plate, in producing a thoroughly homogeneous brick with perfect edges.

page_text: The final top and bottom pressures are also advantageous in giving the brick its
final complete smooth solid condition.
The rods 4, for connecting the top and bottom levers for operating the top and
plungers, are connected to said levers by right and left hand screw-threads to engage
the internally screw threaded socket-joints 8, 8, for the purpose of increasing or
decreasing the pressure on the brick.
I are recesses in the upper follower formed by cutting out the sides of the
follower down to near its bottom, for the purpose of receiving lubricating material.
Oil is preferably used, which oozes down the sides of the mould hox and head of
plunger.
The pressed bricks are removed from the mould-table by the movement of the sweep-
box a', which is operated by the devices shown, being the cam r, roller t, bar V,
connecting rod v, bell-crank lever W, and link w.
link w which moves in the slot in the guide c¹.
There is a roller at the end of the
The roller in the sweep-box a¹ is composed of sheepskin or other suitable material,
placed upon a shaft and adapted to receive oil for oiling the upper surface of the
followers, which is done when the sweep box is removing brick and returning to its
place.
Dated this 7th day of January 1890
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Articles such as Bricks.
A communication from abroad by WILLIAM LAMPAS GREGG, of 423, Walnut Street,
Philadelphia, County of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America, Lawyer.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of articles such as bricks
(hereinafter called bricks).
The object of the invention is to produce by the operation of a single machine a
brick of superior quality which will be of uniform quality, homogeneous, and finished
with edges that shall be sharply defined and as firm as the body of the brick, without
the necessity of re-pressing to accomplish such object.
To this end it consists of the method and apparatus as hereinafter described and
claimed, for giving to the clay, first a simultaneous top and bottom pressure for
developing the brick, removing the air and surplus clay, and particularly for projecting
and developing the edges of the brick; second an upward pressure to level and
solidify the edges of the brick; and, finally, a simultaneous top and bottom pressure
to give the brick and its edges a solid, uniform, and compact quality and shape. It
also consists of a novel means of expelling the air and surplus clay on the first top and
bottom pressure of the brick.
The improvements are illustrated in the drawings filed with the Provisional
Specification in which
Fig. 1 is a plan.
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section on line of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line ca of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of part of the machine.
Fig. 5 is a top view of the mould table and boxes, two of the boxes being removed.
Figs. 6 to 19 inclusive are details, as follows-
Fig. 6 is a detail, being a plan of the lock and latch.

page_text: moulu table.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail, showing the roller brush.
Fig. 10 is a detail view of one of the upper pressure levers and bracket.
Fig. 11 is a cross section on line of Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a detail, being a side view shewing the movable portion of the track and
its support.
Fig. 13 is a detail, being a side view of the period-gear and lock and lateb.
Fig. 14 is a detail, showing one of the pressure levers on the eccentric pin.
Fig. 15 is a detail, shewing the eccentric pin used as a fulcrum for the pressure
levers.
Figs. 16 and 17 are details, being side and end views respectively of one of the
upper plungers.
Figs. 18 and 19 are details of face plates.
These improvements in the apparatus have been made in that class of machines
having an intermittently rotating mould table with sets of moulds in which the clay
is subjected to successive pressures in the moulds by followers, which are provided.
with devices for removing the finished brick.
In the drawings A represents the bed plate; B are posts rising from the bed plate;
C is a main truss one end of which rests upon one of the posts B, and is secured by a
bolt passing through the posts and bed plate. D D₁ are two branch trusses bolted at
one end to the main truss, with the other ends resting upon two of the posts B, and
secured thereto by bolts which pass through the posts and bed plate. E is a mould
table provided with gear upon its periphery, and provided with six mould boxes F,
each of which, as shewn, is double, and which are secured to the table. The table is
provided with openings over which the mould boxes are placed. Each box is also
provided with a steel lining a, and a partition b. e are metal plates which are bolted
to the tops of the mould boxes. G, Figs. 4 and 7 are guides for the follower stems,
which guides are made independent and are secured to the bottoms of the mould boxes
by means of bolts. These guides are provided with recesses to permit the insertion
from above of the rollers at the lower end of the follower stems. H are the followers.
As shewn, a follower consists of a head e, on the stem of which is secured a removable
plate f. The lower end of each follower stem H is provided with a roller g. I is a
track for the rollers g. The mould table is provided with strengthening ribs on the
under side and with a hub at the centre, which rotates upon a pivot J, supported by
three legs K, the lower ends of which are bolted to the bed plate. L is a hood on top
of the main truss, held in place by the centre bolt M, the object of the hood being in
part to take a portion of the strain from the bolts which connect the branch trusses
with the main truss. I make a portion of the track upon which the rollers a travel
adjustable vertically for the purpose of regulating the amount of clay to be fed to the
moulds. N, Fig. 3 represents the main part of this portion of the track. i is the
other part which is hinged to N. The under side of this part N is as shewn, provided
with three inclines, which rest upon three corresponding inclines k, in the support O.
On the side N is a rack 1, with which a worm screw m engages, which worm can be
operated by a hand wheel n. By rotating this worm-wheel the movable part N can
be raised and lowered, the inclines; moving up and down on the inclines k. By
raising or lowering this part N the position of the lower followers h, when at rest in
the mould boxes, can be varied for the purpose of regulating the amount of clay to
be fed to the mould boxes. The main part of the binged piece i is only half the width
of the track, and at this point one half of the wheels will have a support in whatever
position the part i is placed. When the part N is at its lowest position, this part i
will be horizontal. As the part N is raised the part i assumes an inclined position.
N is provided with a slot o, Fig. 3, into which passes a pin which serves as a guide.
N', N2, N3 are vertically adjustable portions of the track, each carried by a plunger V
adapted to rise and fall in a cylinder V as hereinafter described. P is a hopper
pivoted to the machine. Q, Fig. 4 is a gear wheel driven by a pinion, (not shown).

page_text: R is the main shaft driven by the wheel Q. S is a mitre-wheel on the shaft R.
T, Fig. 4, is a vertical shaft, on the lower end of which is a mitre-wheel U, engaging
with the mitre-wheel S. p is a face plate on the top of hub q, which hub is keved to
the shaft T. is a mutilated pinion secured to the hub q. (See Figs. 1 and 4.)
A Fig. 1, is a rod connected at one end to the pivoted hopper and at the other end
to the coiled spring el. f¹is a lever, one end of which is pivoted to the bar A¹ and
the other end engages with the teeth of the mutilated pinion d¹. B', Figs. 1 and 5 is
a mutilated pinion engaging with the mould-table, and being so arranged that one
revolution of the pinion B¹ gives to the mould-table one sixth of a revolution. C' is a
cam, which is bolted to this mutilated gear. The plate which carries the cam is
provided with slots, so that the cam can be adjusted on B¹. D2 is a bar forked at its
outer end, and having upon its inner end as shewn, three teeth which engage with
notches, of which, as shewn, there are five in the side of the mould-boxes. "E' is a
bar which is bolted to the fork of D2. jis a lateb, pivoted at to the frame and
at 12 to D2, which latch has a hook m¹, at its free end. n' is a roller supported on a
pin which is bolted to E¹, the roller being arranged in the grooves of the cam C",
Fig. 5. F¹ is a counter-pressure plate pierced for the first and third pressure plungers
and against which the bricks are pressed from below in the second pressure. I is a
top pressure plunger, which in conjunction with lower followers H, is used to give
the first top and bottom pressure. It is a double plunger, consisting of pistons a²
and a³, each of which is provided at its lower end with an inwardly beveled plate a*,
secured thereto by means of a bolt al, dowel pins 2, and an upper bracket composed
of a bottom plate 3 bolted to the head of the plunger and provided with arms a¹.
2 is a lever connected to said arms by means of a pin a, and fulcrumed on a post 3
cast on a branch of truss D. The lever 2 is connected to a vertical rod + which in
turn is connected to bottom lever G¹ by rocking arms G³. The pin 2 passes through
an elongated slot in the lever 2 to give the lever an easy sliding and rocking move-
ment thereon. The lever 2 raises the plunger by the pin, but the downward
pressure of the lever is exerted on a sliding gib ., which rests in the bracket between
the arms. That portion of the lever enclosing the pin swells so as to rest and
rock on the gib when the downward pressure is exerted. The said pin thus only bears
the weight of the plunger. The gib is secured to the lever at the point mentioned by
means of a short screw ', a sufficient space being left around the screw head to afford
a slight rocking motion of the lever thereon. This arrrangement of the parts as
shewn and described is to relieve the strain on the pin and prevent its breaking as the
lever is alternately raised or depressed.
The bottom pressure lever G₁ is pivoted upon an eccentric pin 92 (Figs. 2, 14
and 15) carried by a support g³ fixed to the bed plate A. This lever G¹ is operated
by a cam J on the shaft R, which cam has pivoted to it rollers s¹ which are arranged
under and in contact with the inner forked end g₁ of the lever G₁ (see Figs. 2, 3,
and 4). The lever G' extends through the cylinder V₁ and plunger V carrying the
movable segment N¹ of the roller track as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3, the said cylinder
and plunger being slotted for that purpose. The upper part of the plunger V rests
upon the enlarged part G* of the lever G. By this arrangement when the cam J¹
lifts the inner end of the lever G₁ the segment N' and the follower Hf, resting
thereon will be raised and the lever 2 and top pressure plunger I will be lowered,
thereby subjecting the bricks in a mould box occupying the position marked 1
(Fig. 5) to both a top and bottom pressure simultaneously. When the inner end of
the lever G¹ falls, as the cam J' rotates, the followers Hf, will descend and the top
pressure plunger I will be lifted out of the mould box which will then be moved by
the rotation of the table into the position marked 2 (Fig. 5) in which the bricks are
subjected to a second pressure. This second pressure which is only an upward
pressure is produced by the lifting of the movable track segment N2 which causes the
lower followers resting thereon to force the clay in the compartments of the box
upward against the counter pressure plate F1 as shewn in Fig. 4. The plunger V
carrying the segment N2 is provided with a large slot through which the shaft R
passes and which allows of upward and downward movement of the plunger. The

page_text: upward and downward movement of the plunger V and segment N³ is caused by a
lever G pivoted to a hanger G and operated by a crank pin G on the driving
shaft R, through a connecting rod G. The lever G has a raised part Gs that acts
against the lower end of the plunger V through an interposed roller G carried in
arms Go pivoted to the hanger G. The third or final pressure is a simultaneous top
and bottom pressure effected by the top pressure plunger 7 (Fig. 2) and the lower
followers H, when the mould box has been moved into the position marked 3
(Fig. 5). These two pressures due to a downward motion of the plunger 7 and an
upward motion of the lower followers H by the segment N³ are produced by a
duplication of the same means as those used to effect the first top and bottom pressure,
viz. by a lever 21, rod 4' and bottom pressure lever G2 which latter acts against the
plunger V carrying the movable track segment N3 in a like manner to that in which
lever G acts against the plunger carrying the movable segment N¹. The inner
end of the lever G2 passes into the forked end of the lever G₁ and is provided
with a roller s that bears upon and is operated by the main portion of the cam J
(Figs. 2 and 3). The plate a carried by the plunger 7 is however not beveled at the
edges like that carried by the plunger 1 but is formed with conical projections a
(Figs. 2 and 19) in order that the bricks finished by the third pressure may have
produced therein shallow projections on one surface for the purpose of increasing the
holding power of the mortar used when subsequently laying the finished bricks.
The object of the said beveled plate a¹ on the plunger I is to form in the first
pressure an upwardly projecting fin all around the edge of the brick as shewn in
Fig. 18. This fin is flattened on the second upward pressure, and thus a solid sharp
edge, as compact and firm as the rest of the brick, is obtained.
The air and surplus clay obtained on the first pressure finds its egress through the
plunger I by means of holes not shown cut through the plunger. A pan Y is secured
to the top edge of the plunger I, and surrounds the same to catch and hold the surplus
clay escaping from said holes.
On the face of the bottom plate of plunger 7, giving the top pressure on the third
pressure, I form conical projections in order to impress the then finished brick with
shallow perforations on one surface, for the purpose of increasing the holding power
of the mortar.
The operation of the machine, it is believed, will be understood without further
description.
The advantages of giving the brick a first top and bottom pressure, at the same
time forcing out the surplus air and clay through the plunger, and developing an edge
to the brick, are my correspondent finds very great over the method of first giving
but a single pressure to the brick, and forcing the air and clay through holes in a
pressure plate, in producing a thoroughly homogeneous brick with perfect edges.
The final top and bottom pressures are also advantageous in giving the brick its
final complete smooth solid condition.
The rods 4, for connecting the top and bottom pressure levers for operating the top
and bottom pressure plungers, are connected to said levers by right and left hand
screw-threads to engage the internally screw-threaded joint-pieces G³ for the purpose
of increasing or decreasing the pressure on the brick.
I' are recesses in the upper follower formed by cutting out the sides of the follower
down to near its bottom for the purpose of receiving lubricating material. Oil is
preferably used, which oozes down the sides of the mould box and head of plunger.
The pressed bricks are removed from the mould-table by the movement of the
sweep-box a', which is operated by the devices shewn, being the cam r, the roller t,
bar V, connecting rod u, bell crank lever W, and link w. There is a roller at the end
of the link w which moves in the slot in the guide (1.
The roller 61 in the sweep box a¹ is composed of sheep's-skin or other suitable
material, placed upon a shaft and adapted to receive oil for oiling the upper surface of
the followers, which is done when the sweep box is removing brick and returning to
its place.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. The method of manufacturing bricks consisting first, in supplying the clay to the
mould; second giving the clay a simultaneous top and bottom plunger pressure,
whereby the brick is developed; third, giving the clay a single plunger pressure from
one side of the mould, and fourth, giving the clay a final simultaneous top and
bottom plunger pressure, to complete, solidify, and finish the brick, substantially as
described.
2. In a brick machine the combination with a top plunger of a bottom follower,
the top pressure lever, the bottom pressure lever, and the vertical right and left
screw-threaded rods, screw-threaded sockets, and connecting arms, substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
3. In a brick machine in combination with a top plunger, provided with a bracket
having upwardly extending arms, a pin extending through said arms, a gib within
said arms below said pin, and a pressure lever fulcrumed at one end to the machine,
pivoted to said pin, and rocking on said gib, and rod and lever mechanism to which
the opposite end of said pressure lever is connected, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
4. In a brick machine the top plunger provided with holes extending through it
from top to bottom for the escape of air and surplus clay from the mould, and a pan
connected with the top of the plunger to receive the clay forced through the plunger
substantially as described.
Lastly, I claim the improved machine for making brick constructed arranged and
operating as hereinabove described and shewn.
1000