IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND BURNISHING
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WEILD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eleventh day of
February now last past, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Weild, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority; that I, the said
William Weild, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Weild, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND BURNISHING;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
William Weild, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, parti-
cularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I hereby
declare the nature of my Invention to consist in constructing and arranging
the parts of a self-acting machine for turning or burnishing cast metal hollow
ware, whereby manual labour is dispensed with during the operation; and in
order that my Invention may be more fully understood and readily carried into
effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a lathe to which my improvements in turning
are applied. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same. taken partly in section.
Fig. 3 is a plan of Fig. 1, with the driving shaft and its adjuncts left out.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of my improved rest for turning small articles. Fig. 5,
an end elevation, and Fig. 6 a plan of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a side elevation, and
Fig. 8 a plan of my improved rest applied to burnishing; and Fig. 9 is a detached
view of an improved cutting tool, and of the tool holder in which it is fixed.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a represents the bed of the lathe; b, the fast headstock;
c, the face plate; and c¹ the driving spindle of the ordinary construction.
care blocks of wood bolted to the face plate, answering the purpose of a
chuck for holding the article to be turned. d is a bracket, to which the
various pieces composing my improved rest are attached, bolted to the lathe
bed by the bolt d'. e is a worm wheel, the axis of which fits in a hole in the
bracket d. To the upper surface of this worm wheel are fixed the plates e¹,
between which the tool holder f slides. The bridle e is fixed on the plates e',
and is furnished with bearings for the axis of the guide pulley e. A slow
rotary motion is given to the worm wheel e by the worm g and shaft g¹ in the
following manner :-On the spindle c is fixed a series of grooved pulleys c³, a
band from which gives motion to a similar set of pulleys h fixed on the shaft h¹.
This shaft is supported by a bearing attached to the headstock b, and by a
double bearing d², fixed to the bracket d. The worm he is fitted on the shaft h',
and is furnished with a key taking into a longitudinal groove in the said shaft,
by which means the worm is carried round with it, but is capable of lateral
motion when required. The worm he gears into the worm wheel g², see
Fig. 2, fixed on the same shaft as the worm g. This shaft g' revolves at one
end in a swivel bearing g³, and at the other end in a sliding bearing g', to
allow of the worm g being moved out of gear with the worm wheel e, when
the article which has been turned is finished, as will be explained hereafter.
Upon the upper part of the bracket d'is bolted the stand d³, which supports
the axis of the guide pulley d; and at the extremity of the lathe bed is fixed
a standard i, which supports the guide pulley i¹. The cord k is attached at one

page_text: end to a projection on the tool holder f, it is then taken under the guide
pulley es, and over the guide pulleys d' and '; and the weight is sus-
pended to the other end. This weight is sufficiently heavy to keep the
tool fin contact with, and to give the requisite depth of cut in the article to
be turned. The vertical stop rod 7 is hooked below to a nib projecting from
the bracket d, and above it is jointed to a lever l', fixed on the shaft 12; the
lever is also fixed to the shaft, and is hinged to the horizontal stop rod m,
furnished with the strap guide m', in the ordinary manner. The counter-
shaft is provided with a set of cone pulleys n', corresponding to those on the
spindle c', and with a fast pulley 22 and loose pulley n³. The method of
operating is as follows:-The article to be turned having been fastened in the
chuck the bracket d and parts connected to it are brought into the position
shewn in the Drawing. The cutting tool f¹ is set to the centre of the article
to be turned, the driving strap is then moved from the loose pulley n³ to the
fast pulley n, thereby giving motion to the various parts of the lathe. The
gradual rotary motion of the worm wheel e, which is derived from the groove
pulleys and h, shaft h', worm h³, worn wheel g², and worm g, as before
described, now causes the tool to move slowly round in the direction of the
arrow in Fig. 3, and the weight k¹, by acting on the tool holder f, keeps the
cutting tool fat all times in contact with the surface to be turned. The
tool f' is made with two or more cutting edges which prevent it from catching
into the metal notwithstanding any irregularities on the surface to be turned;
or it may be made according to the plan represented in Fig. 9, if the same is
found more convenient. The weight of the weight k¹ must be adjusted to
suit the depth of cut required, or the hardness of the metal under operation.
When the tool has passed over the surface to be turned the projection e
moves the sliding bearing g', thereby causing the projections at the end of the
sliding bearing to act on the pin in the vertical stop rod 7, by which means
the hook at the lower end of the said stop rod is liberated from the projection
by which it is held. The rod is then at liberty to be raised up by the action
of the weighted lever 1, thereby acting on the horizontal stop rod m, which
slides in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1, and stops the lathe by bringing
the driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley. The sliding of the bearing g
wheel e, as seen in Fig. 8.
also draws the worm g out of gear with the worm
The bracket d is then moved sufficiently away from the face plate c to enable
the attendant to take away the article that has been turned and replace it by
another. The worm g is then brought again into gear with the wheel e, the
bracket.d brought back to its former position, the stop rod hooked on its
retaining catch, and the operation repeated as before.

page_text: The self-acting rest shewn in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, is intended for turning out
small articles, such as tea kettles, and is very similar to the one above
described. In this instance the bracket d is furnished with a top plate o, in
which the axes of the wheels o¹ and of revolve. The worm o³ which is 'turned
round by the same means as the worm'g, in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, gears into the
wheel o¹; and consequently imparts a slow motion to the cutting tool which is
fixed in the tool holder p; this tool holder slides between the plates p' fixed on
the wheel o², and the bracket for supporting the guide pulley p is supported
by one of the plates p¹. A cord q is attached to the projection from the tool
holder P, and after passing partly round the guide pulley p³, is carried over
another guide pulley and weighted in the manner before described. When
the tool arrives in the position shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 6; it comes in
contact with one end of the double lever ?, and as the other end of the said
lever bears against a projection from the vertical stop rod 1, the lower extremity
of which is hooked on a projection from the bearing of, it is evident that the
tool itself will act upon the stop rod and move the driving strap from the fast
to the loose pulley, when the article to be turned out is finished, as before
described.
In Fig. 9 I have shewn an improved cutting tool, which may be used instead
of the tools above described; this improved tool consists of a cutters and a
guard t¹, both of which fit into the tool holder p, and are held therein with a
set screw in the usual manner. u is a wedge or key which prevents the guard
t from entering too far into the tool, holder. When the tool is set for
working, the cutter s must project as mucli beyond the guard tas is required
for the depth of the cut, by this means it is apparent that the cutter can never
catch into the metal under operation, as the guard (answers the same purpose
as the several cutting edges of the tools above described.
In Figs. 7 and 8 I have shewn how my improved rest may be applied to
the purpose of burnishing. As this rest is exactly similar to the one represented
in Figs 1, 2 and 3, I have made use of the same letters of reference to
indicate similar parts. s is the article to be burnished, which is fixed to a
face plate and made to revolve in the ordinary manner: t is the burnishing
tool fixed in the tool holder f... On commencing operations the tool is brought
to bear on the centre of the article to be burnished, as seen. in Fig. 7, and as
the worm wheel e continues to move gradually round, the weighted cord k
keeps the tool in contact with the surface under operation, until the tool arrives
in the position shewn in Fig. 8; the projection e¹ then acts upon the sliding
bearing and liberates the stop rod 1, which stops the lathe by moving the
driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley, as before described. Various

page_text: other modifications of my improvements in machinery for turning and
burnishing might be shewn, but the foregoing will be sufficient to illustrate my
Invention.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the best means
with which I am acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be
understood that I do not claim any of the parts separately, but I do claim the
self-acting machine herein shewn and described, whereby manual labour is
dispensed with in the operation of turning or burnishing cast metal hollow ware.
And this my Invention, being to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely
new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be
my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said
Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise,
with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
contained; wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and
privilege to the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weild, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.