Year: 1886

page_text: I, FREDERICK HAHN DANCHELL of 47, Tunbridge Road, Maidstone in the County
of Kent, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
According to this invention I so treat town sewage that certain solid or solidified
parts of same may be utilized for treating or purifying other or liquid parts of the
sewage, and be turned into a manure or means of fertilizing and so that certain other
or gasified constituent parts may if desired be gained or utilized.
For the purposes of my invention I precipitate or settle the sewage so as to separate
a great part of the liquid. The remainder mixed or not with street refuse and other
waste materials is dried and charred which may be effected in any suitable manner,
such for instance as by the waste heat from gas works retort benches. By this means
I drive off the volatile matter and retain the rest which will contain the carbonaceous
parts of the organic substances in the sewage deposit or precipitate. Or I may effect
a partial drying by exposure to the air or by heat in drying ovens constructed for the
purpose, or by pressure, or partly one and partly the other. If the volatile or volati-
lizible ingredients are to be gained or retained I may employ suitable distilling retorts
such as Walker's, Bennett's or Byson's.
The dried and charred material or solid residue is utilized as a filtering or absorbing
medium for treating the aforesaid liquid sewage so as to take up the bulk or the whole
of the fertilizing parts or impurities and in one sense deleterious parts of same whereby
I obtain the twofold result of, on the one hand, purifying the liquid parts of the sewage
so that it may be safely run into any river and, on the other hand, of rendering the
aforesaid solid residual matter into a manure or fertilizing agent which either alone or
when mixed with other substances is applicable to the land. By the above process I
thus largely or fully utilize what is now more or less a nuisance, or useless, or trouble-
some material and turn same to useful account.
JENSEN & SON,
For the Applicant.

page_text: I, FREDERICK HAHN DANCHELL of 47, Tunbridge Road, Maidstone in the County
of Kent, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
According to this invention I so treat town sewage that certain solid or solidified
parts of same may be utilised for treating, filtering or purifying other or liquid parts
of the sewage, and be turned into a manure or means of fertilizing and so that certain
other or gasified constituent parts may if required be gained or utilised. For the
purposes of my invention I precipitate or settle the sewage in any known or suitable
manner so as to separate a great part of the liquid. The settlings or remainder may
when poor in organic substances be mixed with waste materials, such as sawdust,
cocoa nut fibre, spent bark, husks from seeds, seawood, peat fibre, fir cones, dried
leaves and animal refuse matters, such as hair, blood, parings from skins, fish offal,
and slaughter house offal. The proportion and nature of the waste product admixture
are indifferent and depend upon local circumstances. The aforesaid precipitate.or
settlings with or without the waste material admixture are next deprived of a great
part of their moisture or dried and charred which may be effected in any suitable
manner. By this means I drive off the volatile matter and retain the rest which will
contain the carbonaceous parts of the organic substances in the sewage deposit or
precipitate. I may effect a partial drying by exposure to the air or by heat in drying
ovens constructed for the purpose, or by pressure, or partly one and partly the other.
I prefer to treat the sewage sludge (mixed or not with the refuse materials as stated)
by means of filter presses whereby the greater portion of the watery parts is expressed
leaving a comparatively dry cake which is then carbonized in suitable retorts. If the
volatile or volatilizible ingredients are to be gained or retained I may employ suitable
distilling retorts such as Walker's, Bennett's or Byson's.
The charred material or solid residue which I call charcoaline in contradistinction
to other charcoal is utilised as a manure either alone or in admixture with or absorbent
of other fertilizing materials; it is also applied as a filtering or absorbing medium. I
apply it for instance, for filtering or treating the aforesaid liquid sewage so as to take
up the bulk or the whole of the fertilizing parts or impurities, and in one sense
deleterious parts of same, whereby I obtain the twofold result of, on the one hand,
purifying the liquid parts of the sewage so that it may be safely run into any river,
and on the other hand, of rendering the aforesaid solid residual matter or used
charcoaline into a manure or fertilizing agent, which either alone or when mixed with
other substances is applicable to the land. By the above process I thus largely or
fully utilise what is now more or less a nuisance or useless or troublesome material
and turn same to useful account. The charcoaline may when finely ground and washed
in water be used as a material for blacking, for paint and the like. I may of course
also employ the charcoaline as a precipitant and purifier generally of turbid water and
other liquids, and in order to improve it as such, so as to expedite the precipitation and
to enrich the precipitate I may mix therewith in varying proportions, according to the

page_text: nature of the liquid, animal charcoal treated with sulphuric acid. I also employ the
charcoaline as a filtering medium generally for deodorizing, decolourizing and
clarifying liquids, such as water, vinegar or spirits, and semi-liquids, such as syrups,
varnish and others of a similar nature. The charcoaline is the more suitable for such
purposes when previously to charring it has been mixed with waste materials as stated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The combined process of treating sewage consisting in settling or precipitating
in any known or suitable manner, depriving the sludge or settlings (with or without
admixture of refuse materials) of moisture by pressure or otherwise, then forming the
solid residue into a charcoal, and then using the solid charcoal or
" charcoaline as a
filtering medium for the liquid affluent substantially as set forth.
2. The manufacture of charcoal or charcoaline from sewage sludge and the
application of the charcoaline substantially as set forth.
FREDERICK HAHN DANCHELL.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents,