Improvements in Closets and Fittings, and other Pipe Fittings.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 26th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Closets and Fittings, and other Pipe Fittings.
DANIEL BAKER 57 Tontine Street Folkestone Kent Builder Plumber &
Contractor do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
With a view to avoiding the present unsatisfactory method of joints &c. in
closets & fittings &c.
The trap, branch pipe ventilating arm & soil junction piece are cast or made in
one piece (with or without inspecting & cleansing cover to junction) to shoot down
or out in any direction, at any fall bend or angle, made any size shape or length, of
any suitable material as earthenware, iron (plain galvanized enamelled or otherwise
treated) lead etc. The trap made to take any kind of pan or closet, or lining of
earthenware (part of or separate from pan so that no iron may be seen), or the
fitting may be made without trap to suit closets trapped within themselves; a
special joint may be used to such traps of a P or Q shape, of a soft material &
metal tightening band the remainder of fitting being cast as above. -
For some arrangements the trap outlet of closet, pedestal or otherwise, may be
lengthened as required to any fall, angle or direction through to the outside of wall
without joint & there connected to the proper junction or branch piece if above
ground, or if below ground to the drain.
Lugs or ears may be cast on junction if required of a downward & outward shape
so as to form a drip, & that leakage or rain may be conducted down the pipe &
prevented from being conducted to & soiling the wall.
The above fittings also apply to lavatory sink & other waste outlet pipes & to
rainwater pipes & fittings.
DANIEL BAKER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Closets and Fittings, and other Pipe Fittings.
1, DANIEL BAKER of 57 Tontine Street, Folkestone, in the County of Kent,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in the construction of w.c. closets and
fittings therefor, and also in fittings, traps, junctions and unions applicable for use
with pipes and conduits employed for the same and other purposes.
The object of my invention is to provide a more sanitary, simple, efficient and
less costly means of dealing with the outlet or exhaust of w.c.'s, lavatories, sinks
and the like, than obtains with the more or less jointed and defective arrangements
hitherto employed, and I attain this by casting, or otherwise forming in one piece.
the trap of closet, branch pipe, outlet piece, ventilating arm, and soil and ventilating
junction piece, in such a manner as to be capable of being fitted to, with, or upon

page_text: any type of closet pan in general use, and of such a length as to convey the exhaust
or flushing therefrom beyond the outer wall of the building, before a joint is needed,
by which means I am enabled to establish a perfect and reliable safeguard against
the slightest possible escape of noxious gases within the house or other building
wherein the w.c. may be located.
In order that my invention and the several ways employed by me in carrying out
the same, may be fully and clearly understood, I have appended hereunto a sheet
of drawings, in which,
Figs. 1 and 3 are side elevation and vertical section respectively of a pan and
exhaust conduit of a w.c. fitted in the manner forming the subject of my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an earthenware internal fitting, or lining, the
purposes of which will be hereinafter fully explained.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of Fig. 1 with the closet pan removed.
Fig. 5 is a view describing an alternative method of arranging the exhaust pipe
and door, or cover, for periodical inspection and cleaning.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are details of a modification of the foregoing methods arranged
to be employed with or upon what are technically known as valve closets, or the
like.
Figs. 9 and 10 ure external and sectional view respectively of un-arrangement
whereby the trap may be enclosed within a plain or fancy metallic-or-earthenware
pedestal:
Fig. 11 is an external view of what is known as a pedestal, or self contained pan
and stand.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding or like parts throughout the
several views.
In carrying my invention into effect I mould, cast or otherwise form of earthen-
ware, or any suitable metal, or alloy of metals, in one piece, plain, galvanized,
coated, enamelled or otherwise treated, a trap A, branch pipe B, outlet piece C,
ventilating arm D, and soil or ventilating junction piece E, which may be of any
size, shape or configuration desired, but in so far as regards A and B, preferably,
of that shewn by the drawings, or thereabouts, in order that a trap, or water seal
may be formed thereby when employed in the manner shewn by Figs. 1 and 3.
The outlet piece C may be arranged to leave B at any descending bend or angle,
an example of which is shewn by the dotted outlines thereof in Fig. 4. The
ventilating arm D may leave B at any ascending bend or angle, and permits the
escape into E, of any noxious vapours that may be generated by any decomposed
matter that may have been permitted to remain in A, and B.
In cases where a trap is formed within the pan itself, or otherwise not required,
the angle of B relatively to A may be varied in any suitable manner to accommodate
the circumstances of the purposes for which the fittings may be required.
Referring again to Figs. 1 and 3 the trap A widens or extends in diameter in its
upward course and receives and holds the lower end of a suitably shaped pau F, or
receives a lining of porcelain, earthenware or the like. In the bottom of A previous
to the insertion of FI place the lining piece G, Fig. 2, which may be of earthen-
ware, or other suitable material, glazed internally, and occupying within A the
space between F, and B, as shewn in Fig. 3 and held in position by the means of
suitable cement, the object of which is to prevent the oxidization of the interior
of A, and to give a more cleanly appearance to the interior of the pan and trap. I
may in certain cases extend the length of G, so as to form a lining, or part lining
within B, or G may be formed integrally with, and constituting a continuation of F.
The pan F is preferably provided with an external rim a, which forms a shoulder
for resting F upon the upper surface of A, suitable cement being employed to
retain it in position, and to fill up any superfluous space that may exist between F,
and A. One or more lugs a¹ are formed upon the external under surface of A, for
the purpose of fastening the same to the floor or the like.
The soil or upcast shaft E being outside the building may be extended by

page_text: junction pieces in an upward direction for the purposes of ventilation or connection
with the outlet of similar apparatus above, and may for this reason be provided with
a drip lip E, and in a downward or other suitable direction for connection with the
sewer or drain. Upon the outer surface of E, preferably between or near C,
and D, I provide a door or cover H for the purpose of inspecting, or the periodical
cleaning of the interior of C D, or for other purposes, and in order that rain water,
or leakage running down the exterior of E may not soil. discolor or damp the wall,
I may construct suitable sloping ings, or cars b, provided with plates, by means
of which they may be nailed or otherwise attached to the wall, so that they slope
in a downward direction therefrom, and may be attached or fastened to E by any
suitable means, such as that shewn by Fig. 1, or formed integrally therewith in a
similar manner to that shewn by Fig. 3. By this means E may be retained in
position without touching the wall, the sloping brackets forming a drip for rain or
other liquid. An internal drip lip similar to E', on D, may, if desired, be formed
upon C, and for a like purpose.
By the foregoing description it will be understood that if the w.c. pan F be
within, and the upcast or ventilating pipe E without the wall of the building, it is
impossible for noxious gases to escape within the building, from the fact that there
is not a joint to leak between A, and E, and a perfect hydraulic joint or seal is
formed by A and B, after the first flushing of the w.c.
In Figs. 6, 7 and 8 I shew the method employed when adapting my invention for
use with valve closets, in which case a flanged ring I, Fig. 6, is bolted or otherwise
connected to the top of A, and forms the connection between A and the pan, and
the difference between the internal diameters of I and A, is compensated by the
insertion of a porcelain or earthenware cone J, Fig. 7, which occupies the space
between I, and G, as shewn in Fig. 8, and is retained therein by the means of
suitable cement. I may in this arrangement dispense with the lining G if desired,
or the mouth or upper opening of A may be made the shape of a flanged or
ordinary socket so as to dispense with Figs. 6 and 7.
I may in certain cases construct and arrange the pan F in such a manner as to
be borne upon, and the trap enclosed within, a pedestal-K, of earthenware, iron or
any other suitable material, and arrange the pipe B to pass through an opening or
aperture-c in the side of K, as shown in Figs. 0-and-10. Or my invention may be
employed in connection with ordinary pedestal pans, or self contained closets, as
shewn at Fig. 11, the pipe B passing out through c as in Figs. 9 and 10, or with
any other similar or suitable arrangement.
For basements or unventilated pipes an arrangement of fitting with outlet end C,
provided with a cover H as at Fig. 5 may be employed, and the arm C lengthened,
or jointed in any suitable manner.
It is obvious that my invention is capable of adaptation to, with, or upon any
kind, form, or description of w.c. pan, whether trapped within itself or not, and is
also applicable under certain easily understood modifications to lavatories, sinks and
other waste outlet pipes, and the ears, or lugs b to soil, rain-water, waste and other
pipes, and I wish it understood that I may employ the use of any of the modi-
fications, or alternatives herein described and shewn, or any combination thereof
desired, and may construct the various parts of any suitable material or substance
or combination of materials or substances, and of any size or shape without
departing from the principle of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. For improvements in w.c. closets and fittings therefor, the construction and
use of a trap A, cast, or otherwise formed integrally with branch pipe B, outlet C,
ventilating arm D, and junction shaft E having internal drip lip, or lips E, and
provided with inspection door, or cover H, and lugs cast with, or otherwise
attached to E, the internal lining piece G or its equivalent, in connection with any

page_text: form of closet pan F, sink, lavatory, or other waste outlet pipe, combined and
operating in the manner herein set forth, substantially as and for the purposes
described and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
2nd. For improvements in the fittings of w.c. valve closets the employment of
the apparatus set forth in the preceding claim, in combination with a flanged ring 1,
and porcelain or other cone J, with or without the lining G, substantially as
described and shewn by Figs. 6, 7, and 8 of the appended drawings.
3rd. For improvements in w.e. closets and fittings therefor the employment of n
pedestal K for holding and supporting the pan F, and enclosing the-trap A,-sub-
stantially as shewn by Figs. 9, 10 of the accompanying drawings.
4th. 3rd. For improvements in fittings for rain-water, waste, stack, and other
pipes, the construction and use of drip lugs, or ears b, connected to or formed
integrally therewith, substantially as and for the purposes described and shewn by
Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 25th day of September 1891.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicant.