matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Le Riche at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1876.
EBENEZER LE RICHE, of No. 11, King's Road, Bedford Row, in the County of
Middlesex, Solicitor. "AN IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE."
My object is to make a skate in such form as will enable a skater to describe
curves so as to perform what is called fancy skating. I attain this object by the
following means:-To the under side of the stock of the skate I attach springs, one
on each side of each axle, and resting upon it or attached to it.
These springs may
be of any kind, india-rubber or metal, and if of metal, circular or spiral, or like the
ordinary carriage or railway carriage springs, but I prefer a metal circular or spiral
spring. If spiral or circular springs be used each one may be contained in a
cylinder or be fixed on a screw or pin passing through the centre of the spring. If
the spring be contained in a cylinder it may press against a piston, the rod of the
piston being fixed to the axle, and the pressure of the spring may be regulated by a
screw or nut, but I do not claim the regulation of the pressure by such screw or
nut, or the enclosing of springs in cylinders. If a pin or screw is used to hold
the spring, such pin or screw may be attached to the axle and the pressure be
regulated by a nut screwing on the pin or screw. Each axle has, therefore, two
springs, one on each side; the skate may have two, four, or more wheels, and if the
ordinary four wheels are used the bearing or connection of the springs with the
axles may be either inside or outside the wheels. The give or yielding of the
springs, combined with the pressure of the foot, produce a rocking or tilting
motion.
The bearers or springs or other fasteners of the rear axles are placed at an angle
with stock, the bearer or springs pointing forwards. The bearers, springs, or
other fasteners of the fore axles may be perpendicular or at a backward or forward
angle with the stock. The springs, bearers, or fasteners may be fixed or moveable;
those of the fore axle I make moveable, either fixing them both to a carriage or turn-
table secured to the stock by a pin (and kept in its place by a circular or other
spring) or by fastening each side spring or bearer to the stock of the skate by a pin,
thus allowing such spring or bearing to move to left or right (kept in its place by
a spring or by springs), or I secure a spring, for example, a railway carriage"
[Price 2d.]
<

page_text: spring, to the bottom of the skate and at right angles thereto by a pin in the centre,
and to each side of the spring I attach one side of the axle, the give or yielding
upwards of the spring thus producing the rocking and turning motion, or returning
motion is obtained by the movement of the railway carriage spring forwards or
backwards, it being returned to its place in a similar manner to the turn-table.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLES USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holgate at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1876.
JOHN HOLGATE, of Staleybridge, in the County of Chester.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLES USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the passing of the weft through the
eye of the shuttle, and to obviate the necessity which at present exists for the
weaver to draw the end of the weft through by placing the eye of the shuttle to his
mouth, and drawing or sucking in the breath, which has an injurous effect upon the
health of persons employed in weaving. Opposite to the end of the tongue or peg
of the shuttle I fix a piece of metal or other suitable material, through which is
formed a hole in a line with the axis of the tongue or peg. This hole is provided
with a lateral opening or slit, through which the weft thread can be passed into the
hole without threading it endwise. Behind this piece of metal I hollow out the
shuttle sufficiently large to admit the finger, and in one side of this recess I make a
hole for the weft to pass through, hollowing out the inside wall of the recess round
the hole in such a way that when the weft is pressed into the hollow place by the
finger it shall project through the hole beyond the outer face of the shuttle by
sliding the thumb, along which the weft will be drawn through the hole without
any further assistance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Adolphe Pecqueux at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1876.
EUGENE ADOLPHE PECQUEUX, of the Firm of Henry Cliff and Co., of Boulevard
Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF LACE."
My Invention consists in applying to the lace known as Valenciennes a coarse
or thick thread of silk, cotton, wool, gold, silver, or other suitable material of any
desired color around the flowers of the insertion or other designs or patterns in
the lace. I thus manufacture a new lace which I call bordered Valenciennes
(Valenciennes entourée). The application of the said silk or other thread is
effected in the lace frame or machine during the manufacture of the lace; it
forms a sort of projecting border or edging to the flowers or patterns of the lace
and enhances its appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1876. A communication
from abroad by Edouard de Lagillardaie, of Lorient, in the Republic of France.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS."
According to the present Invention inkstands are constructed with an external
flexible air-tight bag constituting an air chamber communicating with the upper
part of the interior of the inkstand, and so formed that when it is collapsed by
pressure it will remain in such collapsed condition. The inkstand may be of any
known construction in which a passage or tube communicating with the lower part
of the inkstand terminates in an enlargement or cup into which the pen is dipped.
By collapsing the said bag the air pressure thereby exerted on the ink in the ink-
stand will force a portion thereof up into the cup where the ink will remain so
long as the bag is collapsed, while by distending the bag again the ink will be
withdrawn.
The bag is by preference made of caoutchouc, and is of any suitable form that
will allow of the one part being forced into the other part by the pressure of the.
hand. Thus it may be simply of a spherical form, so that by pressing down the
upper hemisphere the lower hemisphere will enter it in an inverted position, and to
enable the parts more readily to retain that position the part of the caoutchouc at
the junction of the two hemispheres is made somewhat thinner than the other part.
Or the bag may be of an elongated form with a band separating the two hemi-
spheres, and the interior surface of this band may be formed with circular ridges,
which when the bag is depressed fold over each other and so retain the bag in the
collapsed position. Or the bag may be of a double conical form so that when
collapsed the one cone will be inverted and enter the other cone.
In order to facilitate the collapsing of the bag the part which is forced over the
other part is by preference made rigid so as to retain its form. This may be effected
either by making the part of thicker material, or, in the case of caoutchouc, by
rendering it hard by vulcanizing, or it may be fitted with a metal covering.
In all cases the bag is made of such a size that when entirely collapsed the air
forced out of it will just exert sufficient pressure to fill the cup with ink.

page_text: This Invention may be readily adapted to the ordinary. small ink bottles by
inserting into the bottom of the neck a tubo reaching down to the bottom of the
inkstand, the neck thus forming the before-mentioned cup, while the air bag is con-
nected to another tube inserted into a small hole in the bottle at the side of the
neck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Collings Wells at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1876.
ARTHUR COLLINGS WELLS, of Woodhouse, Broomfield, Chelmsford, in the County
of Essex. IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
"
This Invention relates to roller or wheel skates which have two pairs of rollers,
each pair being supported by a peculiarly constructed bracket secured to the foot
stock of the skate, which brackets, in combination with the other devices herein
described, allow the said skates to be easily turned or guided in any direction, so
that the person using the said skates can perform any desired curves, figures, or
gyrations with the same. The said brackets support vertical pins or pivots to
which the said axles are attached. The said brackets are formed with flanges,
whereby they are firmly attached to the stock. The lower face of each bracket is
formed at an angle of about thirty degrees to a horizontal line, and the roller axle
bears against this angular or inclined face. The roller axle is preferably fitted
between jaws on the lower end of the vertical pin or spindle, and is secured to
these jaws by a pin passed through them, upon which pin it moves freely, and
the said axle is formed with a flat surface to slide upon the aforesaid inclined face
on the bracket when the stock is depressed or tilted to either side, the rollers of
both axles being thereby caused to assume positions corresponding with the radii
of a circle, large or small, according to the amount of depression of the stock.
A projection on the said inclined surface limits the adjustment of the rollers so
that they shall not assume a position corresponding with a curve of an incon-
veniently small radius.
Each bracket has a barrel or chamber at its upper part, in which is fitted a
piston or plunger actuated by a spiral spring, and which acts in a horizontal
direction, that is to say, at a right angle or nearly so to the said vertical pin or
spindle. The latter has its upper end preferably made square, and on the said
upper end is fitted a small cam, which is so arranged in combination with the
said spring piston, that the piston by its pressure on the cam tends always to keep
the vertical spindle and rollers in a central position. The tension or pressure of the

page_text: spring of this piston is regulated by a screw gland in the end of the piston, barrel,
or chamber.
I may modify the above construction by arranging the spring, piston, or plunger
in an oblique or slanting position, so that it acts directly upon the roller axle
instead of acting upon a cam or other device at the top of the aforesaid vertical pin
or spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cole, the elder, and James
Cole, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th
February 1876.
JAMES COLE, the elder, and JAMES COLE, the younger, both of Coventry, in the
County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES."
According to our Invention we construct roller skates with either three or four
rollers or runners substantially in the following manner:- -When three rollers are
used we place one roller at the heel and two near the fore or toe part. For this
purpose we make in a picce with or connect to the hind portion of a sole or bed
plate, which may be of wood, metal, or other suitable material, a bracket, preferably
vertical, in which the axle which carries the roller is supported or is free to revolve,
the said roller being preferably made of india-rubber or of wood having an india-rubber
tyre, but rollers of other construction or materials may be employed. Near the fore
part of the sole plate there is a cross bar or frame, which may in some cases be cast
or made in a piece therewith, and from the outer ends of this cross bar or frame
brackets, preferably vertical, depend one bracket, being at each end. These brackets
form the bearings for axles on which the rollers, preferably of india-rubber or wood
with india-rubber tyres as aforesaid, are mounted. Sometimes we have another
roller at the toe corresponding with the roller for the heel before described. Roller
skates constructed in this manner, whether having three or four wheels, afford a
good firm support to the feet, and consequently are particularly suitable for use by
learners. The cross bar carrying the brackets supporting the two rollers as afore-
said may sometimes form a spring bar, so that it may yield to pressure when applied
thereto in the action of turning curves, although we have found that for all practical
purposes the front rollers are sufficient for enabling the wearer to make curves of
inoderate rdii, but this action is produced with greater facility when the spring
aforesaid is used in combination with the rollers as described.
Roller skates constructed according to our Invention are particularly applicable
for use on rinks made also according to our Invention, for which we applied for
Provisional Protection the 31 January last, No. 382, although of course they may
be used on other surfaces, such as asphalte, wood, and the like, of which rinks are
now generally made.
MENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lansley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1876.
JOHN LANSLEY, of Basingstoke, in the County of Hants, Farrier.
MENTS IN HORSE SHOES."
"IMPROVE-
The Invention has firstly for its object, the preventing horses from slipping in
frosty weather, and consists in the introduction of metal studs to their shoes fitted
in holes made to receive such studs, without any screwing or welding, and in such
manner that when required the studs can be readily removed.
Secondly. The rendering shoes more durable, and consists in furnishing shoes
with a metal toe piece, and fixing the same to the shoes without scrowing or
welding, so that the same may be removed when desired.
Further, the Invention embraces the fixing studs and toe pieces by means of
rivetting the pin or pins aflixed to them flush or countersunk in the hole or holes
made in shoe for the purpose.
By the use of my Invention the shoe, with its studs, when fitted on will come in
level contact with the ground, and will last much longer than "roughing;" also
when and as the studs are worn out they can be replaced or removed; also the toe
piece enables lighter shoes to be used.
The Invention is to be performed by making countersunk holes in the shoe in
any convenient way and size, furnishing the studs, which may be more or less spike
or knife edge shape, with a pin rod or bar having a collar, so that the pin rod or bar
can be inserted into the holes in the shoe as far as the collar, after which the pin
rod or bar is to be rivetted down flush so as to fill the hole and its countersinking,
and thus the stud or toe piece is fixed. The studs and the toe piece may be
fashioned in any convenient form.
IMPROVE-, Roller Skate Manufacturers.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hawkins and James Haw-
kins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August
1870.
JOHN HAWKINS, junior, and JAMES HAWKINS, of Walsall, in the County of
" IMPROVE-
Stafford, trading as Hawkins Brothers, Roller Skate Manufacturers.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES."
We will describe our Invention as suitable for four-wheel skates, the action
being the same either for the heel or the front wheels, with the exception of being
reversed.
We form an open plate with four screw holes at the corners for securing it to
the wood of the ordinary stock. The plate has a rectangular lengthway opening in
On each side
it, and a swell at each end for receiving a longitudinal fixed axis.
On this
of the plate are inclined planes, and on the longitudinal axis, and within the
rectangular opening before mentioned, we apply a vertical strong conical pin, ter-
minating with a parallel screwed part for receiving a nut, hercin-after to be referred
to. The said strong conical pin rides laterally on the axis before named.
strong conical pin the axle carriage that supports the wheels works and held in
position by the nut before referred to. The lateral sides of the axle carriage bear
on the lateral inclines before referred to. But as the axle carriage turns on the
central pin, and oscillates by being canted to the right or left by the eccentric
action of the inclines, so the wheels are thrown out of their parallel plane and
converged in their action with the central line of the skate stock. The wheel axle
passes through the vertical arms of the carriage, and projects sufficiently on each
side for receiving the wheels, which are held on by split cotters or otherwise.
Between the fork or vertical arms of the carriage nT piece is applied by having a
hole bored through it the same size as the axle, and is held in position by the axle
passing through it and through the arms of the carriage before mentioned. The
shank of the T piece points in a line towards the centre of the skate, and is tapped
in this part or otherwise fashioned for receiving a steel spring herein-after referred
to, and we will suppose that the appliances herein described are screwed to the
under side of the skate stock near the toe, and that the inclined planes are towards
the centre of the stock, and that a duplicate of the same appliances are applied to
the heel of the skate stock with the inclines reversed or also inclined towards the
centre of the skate; and we will further suppose the parts are held apart by the
thin steel spring being attached or secured at each end to the T pieces, front and
back, by which incans the action of the skate is corrected.

page_text: The appliances thus prepared have only to be screwed to the skate stock to
complete the arrangement in connection with the usual straps and appliances for
securing it to the foot of the user.
Skates thus constructed may claim in a greater degree the quality of lightness,
economy, and freedom of action than roller skates generally possess.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joah Lodge, of the Firm of John Taylor and Sons, of
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturers, for the Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonh Lodge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1876.
JOAH LODGE, of the Firm of John Taylor and Sons, of Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC."
This Invention consists in the production of a textile fabric having a body of
plain or fancy weaving, and on each side a covering of figure weaving. To effect
this I arrange the harness healds or headles suitably, or so that the warp threads
are raised and lowered at proper times and in such order that each alternate warp
thread and each alternate shoot or pick of weft thread form the body, and the other
alternate threads of warp and weft float over and under a series of the body threads,
according to arrangement, the warp threads being on one side, while the weft
threads are on the other side, somewhat similar to damask weaving, only that there
is a body of plain weaving in between the figure weaving.
The body fabric may be of cotton or other inferior fibrous substance, whilst the
figured surfaces may be of woollen, worsted, silk, or other fibrous substance of
superior quality.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joah Lodge in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd December
1876.
JOAH LODGE, of the Firm of John Taylor and Sons, of Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC."
This Invention consists in the production of a textile fabric having a body of
plain or fancy weaving, and on each sido a covering of figure weaving. To effect
this I arrange the harness, healds or heddles suitably, or so that the warp threads
are raised and lowered at proper times and in such order that each alternate warp

page_text: thread and each alternate shoot or pick of weft thread form the body, and the other
alternate threads of warp and weft float over and under a series of the body
threads, forming face and back of the cloth, according to arrangement, the warp
threads being on one side, while the weft threads are on the other side, and vicè
versa, somewhat similar to damask weaving, only that there is a body of plain
weaving in between the figure weaving.
The body fabric may be of cotton or other inferior fibrous substance, whilst the
figured surface may be of woollen, silk, or other fibrous substance of superior
quality.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I claim
the new or improved textile fabric, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joah Lodge, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this First day of December, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
iz
JOAH LODGE. (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COLOURS FOR PRINTING, DYEING, OR STAINING, BEING A MEANS OF SECURING OR INCREASING FASTNESS IN COLOURS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Betzold at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1876. A communication from
abroad by Johann Rosenbaum, of Magdeburg, in the Empire of Germany,
Chemist.
GEORGE BETZOLD, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Linen Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COLOURS FOR PRINTING, DYEING, OR
STAINING, BEING A MEANS OF SECURING OR INCREASING FASTNESS IN COLOURS."
The said Invention relates to an improved method or process of preparing colours
and dyeing materials, and has for its object the fixing or fastening of certain colours
hitherto found to be altogether or in some applications (especially to linen and cotton
fabrics) fugitive or liable to fade and disappear (such as mauve, magenta, and blue).
The desired result is effected by the addition or combination of a mixture or
preparation consisting of all or most of the following ingredients, according to tho
nature of the colouring substance to be employed, that is to say, iron vitriol, mercury,
alum, vegetable oil, gall nuts, nitrate of silver, sulphuric acid, lime, and alcoholic or
other spirit, to or with the colouring substance or the liquid or other vehicles usually
employed for communicating or transferring the colouring substance to the materials
desired to be printed, dyed, or stained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, AND OTHER SHAPED ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph William Corbett, of Basford, in the County of
Nottingham, Brickmaker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING
BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, AND OTHER SHAPED ARTICLES."
Sealed the 6th April 1877, and dated the 6th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph William Corbett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1876.
JOSEPH WILLIAM CORBETT, of Basford, in the County of Nottingham, Brickmaker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, AND OTHER SHAPED
ARTICLES."
For the purpose of carrying out my Invention I employ coal or gas tar containing
the permanent metallic dye known as anthracine and other chemicals; this coal or
gas tar is applied to the external surface of the bricks or other articles to be colored,
and they are burnt in the usual manner, though a covered kiln is preferred, as
anthracine requires a great heat to evolve its properties. When the burning is
completed the bricks or other articles assume a bright red color.
My Invention is not applicable to clays containing a very high per centage of
lime, though a moderate per centage of lime does not affect the result.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph William Corbett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
April 1877.
JOSEPH WILLIAM CORBETT, of Basford, in the County of Nottingham, Brick-
maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, AND OTHER SHAPED
ARTICLES."
For the purpose of carrying out my Invention I employ coal or gas tar containing
the permanent metallic dye known as anthracine and other chemicals; this coal or
gas tar is applied to the external surface of the bricks or other articles to be coloured,

page_text: and they are burnt in the usual manner, though I prefer a covered kiln.. When the
burning is completed the bricks or other articles assume a bright red colour.
My Invention is not applicable to clays containing a very high per centage of
lime and alkalies, though a moderate per centage of lime and alkalies does not affect
the result. The coal or gas tar should be applied while the bricks or other other
articles are in a semi-plastic state, i.e., before thoroughly dry.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph William Corbett, have to this ny Speci-
fication set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JOSEPH WILLIAM CORBETT. (L.S.)
Witness to the signature of the
said Joseph William Corbett,
N. W. NEED,
Clerk to G. E. Webster, C.E.,
Central Chambers,
Nottingham.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING FATTY MATTERS FROM SEWAGE AND OTHER FLUID AND SEMI-FLUID REFUSE CONTAINING SUCH MATTERS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred McDonald Graham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1876.
<<
ALFRED MCDONALD GRAHAM, of Wellfield Villa, Turnchapel, Plymouth, in the
County of Devon, Analytical Chemist. IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING FATTY
MATTERS FROM SEWAGE AND OTHER FLUID AND SEMI-FLUID REFUSE CONTAINING
SUCH MATTERS."
The object of my Invention is to extract the fatty acids of soap and other fatty
matters from sewage and from other fluid and semi-fluid matters containing soap in
solution.
In treating sewage according to my process I precipitate the impurities contained
in it by any known process, preferably by any process in which a salt of alumina,
iron or manganese is used. If the sewage be acid I make alkaline before pre-
cipitation unless the precipitant to be used be alkaline. After precipitation I run
off the supernatant liquid, and by preference acidify the wet precipitate or mud
with sulphuric or muriatic acid, and put the wet precipitate or mud into a retort or
other suitable vessel communicating with a condenser, and apply heat to the said
retort or vessel, whereby the greater part of the fatty acids is driven off and carried
over and condensed in the condenser with the steam. After the precipitate has
been thus evaporated to dryness the remainder of the fatty acids is driven off by
the consequent increase of heat in the retort and is likewise condensed. The said
fatty acids may then be removed from the water of condensation.
In treating waste liquids, and fluid and semi-fluid matters other than sewage,
according to my Invention I precipitate (preferably by means of a salt of alumina,
iron or manganese) the matters capable of precipitation and then treat the wet pre-
cipitate as herein-before described with respect to sewage precipitates.
If the matters to be treated be not sufficiently fluid to be capable of treatment
by precipitation I mix with them a salt of alumina, iron, or manganese and distil
them without precipitation.
In all cases if the matters to be treated be acid they must be rendered alkaline
before precipitation unless an alkaline precipitant be used.
NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MOULDING OR FORMING CONCRETE PIPES OR BLOCKS FOR BUILDING OR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stevenson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1876. A communication from
abroad by James Scott, of Bombay, in the Empire of India.
"A
WILLIAM STEVENSON, of the Town and County of Stirling, North Britain,
Surviving Partner of the Firm of "Davidson & Stevenson," Solicitors there.
NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MOULDING OR FORMING CONCRETE PIPES OR BLOCKS
FOR BUILDING OR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by
James Scott, of Bombay, in the Empire of India.
This said Invention has reference to a new or improved method of forming
concrete blocks or pipes, or other sectional pieces for foundations, walls of buildings,
or other structures, such as those mixed and moulded out of sand, shingle, broken
stones, clay, carbon, gravel, broken bricks, chindum, cement, lime, mortar, and other
well-known materials and limes, or cements hitherto used for making concrete
blocks. And the nature and novelty of this Invention consist in placing the said
materials prepared and mixed as usual into strong moulds of the form the blocks,
pipes, or sections are required, and subjecting the mixture to a great pressure while
being moulded or formed into the blocks or pipes, as by hydraulic or steam power
or presses, or other equivalent means, such as the screw, lever, or hydrostatic presses
used for the compressing of cotton or other bales, all so as to compress the material
into solid masses within the moulds; which blocks or pipes are found to be harder
and tougher or more durable than the ordinary concrete blocks and pipes as
heretofore made or moulded. To distinguish these new or improved concrete blocks
or pipes from those heretofore constructed I have given them the name of "Scott's
Hydraulic or Steam Concrete Blocks or Pipes."
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVEYERS FOR GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1876. A communication
from abroad by Nathaniel Gerry Simonds, of Boston, Massachusetts, United
States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVEYERS FOR GRAIN AND
OTHER MATERIALS." A communication.
In grain conveying apparatus as heretofore constructed, the casing of the fan
blower has been made to fit air-tight around the sides of the fan which was
objectionable for the reason that owing to the suction being greater at the centre or
around the axis of revolution than at the periphery of the fan where the blades are
located, a portion only of the power of the blower was utilized.
To render effective this portion of the suction heretofore inoperative is the object
of the present Invention which comprises an auxiliary pipe leading from the conveying
tube up into the casing around the axis of the revolving fan, by which construction
the greatest power of the fan is realized, a suitable strainer being provided to keep
the grain from being carried from the conveying tube into the fan.
The conveying tube is made in two equal portions or halves so bolted or otherwise
secured together as to insure an air-tight joint. At or near the centre of the conveying
tube is a segmental enlargement that forms a casing within which upon a shaft
revolves the fan.
From each side of the casing, at its centre and communicating with its interior,
extends the upper end of an auxiliary tube or pipe whose lower end enters the con-
veying tube near its inlet end, the opening by which they are made to communicate
with each other being covered by a strip of wire gauze that serves as the strainer to
keep the grain drawn into the conveying tube from being carried up into contact
with the centre of the fan.
Each end of the shaft of the fan passes through an air-tight packing kept in place
by a cover screwed thereon.
At each end of a section of the conveying tube is formed a flange provided with
holes for the passage of bolts, should it be found desirable to connect another section
and blower therewith in order to increase the exhaust power through the tube. The
opposite ends of the conveying tube are intended to be provided with flexible hose,
so that the position of the inlet and outlet ends of the latter may be changed from

page_text: place to place to receive and distribute the grain more readily. The apparatus
above described is intended to be located on a truck or carriage to facilitate its
being moved, about to a convenient position between the store house or railway
waggon, and the vessel or other receptacle into which the grain is to be de-
posited.
It is evident that the tube and blower with the improvements applied thereto may
be employed to good" advantage in moving or conveying water, gravel, sand, and
other materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Lovel Smith, of Dover, in the County of Kent, and
Henry Alonzo Smith, of Euston Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS."
Sealed the 19th April 1876, and dated the 11th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Lovel Smith and
Henry Alonzo Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th
February 1876.
ALFRED LOVEL SMITII, of Dover, in the County of Kent, and HENRY ALONZO
SMITII, of Euston Square, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY WHEELS."
The object of our Invention is to construct railway wheels in such manner that
the tyre may be securely fixed thereon without passing any bolts or rivets through
it, and without shrinking so that it is impossible for any portion to become
detached from the wheel.
Our improved wheels are composed of three main parts, namely, the central
portion or wheel proper, the tyre, and a retaining plate or ring. The tyre is made
with an inner dovetail ridge running all round it, and from this ridge there project
towards the centre eight or other suitable number of separate dovetails or tenons
placed at equal distances apart around the inner periphery of the ridge. The
central portion of the wheel has a flange running round the felloes cut so as to form
one side of a dovetail. This flange holds one side of the inner ridge of the tyre.
The felloes are also forined with mortises into which the dovetails or tenons on the
said inner ridge fit. The retaining plate or ring is flat, and is cut in a similar
manner to the flange of the felloes so as to fit the other side of the inner ridge of the
tyre.
The tyre is first placed upon the central portion of the wheel, the eight tenons
or dovetails fitting into the eight mortises, the retaining ring is then placed against
the central portion and against the side of the inner ridge of the tyre, and finally
screw bolts, 16 more or less, are passed through the felloes, and the retaining ring
and screwed up tight. The tyre is thus held to the wheel by its own peculiar shape

page_text: without any bolts or rivets, having been passed through it, and without the
process of shrinking being resorted to.
If preferred the dovetails or tenons instead of being cast or fixed on the inner
periphery of the tyre may be detached pieces in the form of double dovetails to
take into corresponding mortises in the felloes, and in the inner ridge of the 5
tyre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES AND PYROMETERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Maw and James Dredge
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY MAW and JAMES DREDGE, both of No. 37, Bedford Street,
Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE
GAUGES AND PYROMETERS."
This Invention of "Improvements in Pressure Gauges and Pyrometers is designed
to afford a more prominent indication than in such instruments as heretofore
constructed when any predetermined pressure or temperature has been attained.
For this purpose we combine with the gauge or pyrometer a signalling object or
body, which we connect with a moving part of the gauge mechanism or pyrometer,
so that on the predetermined pressure (in the case of the pressure gauge) or
temperature (in the case of the pyrometer) having been attained a corresponding
signal shall be made by reason of the automatic action of the mechanism of the
gauge or pyrometer. The signalling object employed may be a disc or its
equivalent, so combined with the gauge mechanism as that the said signalling
object shall at the proper time be brought into view automatically by the action of
the gauge mechanism.
According to one plan adapted for gauges having an opening in the centre of the
dial, the signal disc (which, by preference, is coloured red) is in its normal position
shielded behind the upper part of the dial above the central opening, and is held
in that position by a detent. Upon a certain pressure being reached the gauge
mechanism acts on this detent, which then releases the disc, allowing the latter
to fall down and occupy the central part of the dial, thus shewing that the said
pressure has been exceeded.
According to another modification the signal disc, which may be made in one
piece or in two or more pieces acting in concert, is arranged to obscure the whole
face of the dial when released by the gauge mechanism, as before described; or the
[Price 2d1

page_text: release of the detent may be arranged to shew the danger signal exterior to the case
of the gauge.
In place of a disc danger signals of other forms similarly actuated may be
employed.
We do not limit ourselves to the precise arrangements described so long as the
distinctive character of our Invention as herein-above set forth be retained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th December 1876. A communica-
tion from abroad by La Société de Commission de Consignations et de Trans-
ports, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES." A communication
from abroad by La Société de Commission de Consignations et de Transports, of
Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to an improved construction of furnace or fire-place having
for its object preventing or diminishing the waste of fluel which takes place in furnaces
or fire-places as ordinarily constructed.
In the furnaces of steam boilers, for example, the space between the bars of the
grate is usually so wide that a portion of the unburnt coal falls into the ash-pit, and
is thrown away and wasted.
According to this Invention, in order to obviate this defect and economize fuel,
furnaces are constructed with two or more sets of fire-bars placed one over the other,
the spaces between the bars of each lower set being made smaller than the spaces
between the bars of the set next above it.
In applying this Invention to a steam boiler furnace, for example, when two sets
of fire-bars are employed, the coal is thrown upon the upper grate, which is termed
the charging grate, and after a certain time and stoking the fire a considerable
portion of the fuel will pass through the bars upon the lower grate, the bars of
which are placed much closer together; the combustion of the fallen coal will be
completed upon this grate, and the incombustible residue only will fall into the
ash-pit.
In the lower furnace openings are provided under the bridge communicating
between the lower furnace and the flue, but these openings may be closed by per-
forated plates or dampers of cast or sheet iron, by suitably actuating which the
flame may be forced to pass either through the grate above or through the openings
into the flue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Beddow and William Sturmey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1876.
SILAS BEDDOW and WILLIAM STURMEY, both of Clemson Street, Willenhall,
Staffordshire, Lock Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
This Invention of improvements in locks consists,―
First. In the manner in which the spring to act on the tumbler of a lock is
arranged, so that it may also act upon the catch in a door lock, and by means of
the tumbler act against the key, the one spring therefore acting on the lever or
tumbler against the action of the key, holding the tumbler down on the bolt, and
also acting against the catch bolt.
Second. In forming the spring out of ribbon steel, and making it without any
sharp angle, but forming it entirely in curved lines, so that it shall be less liable to
fracture.
The principle of the Invention may be carried out in the following manner, and
consists in placing on the tumbler a tubular projection, up which passes the pin
from the lock case upon which the tumbler works; round this tube is laid a portion
of the spring, the remainder of it to one end following the form of the letter S, and
locking under or partially round a pin projecting from the tumbler; the other end
of the spring it will be well understood if pressed will now be resisted by the
locking of the other end coiled partly round the tubular projection, and laid under
or round the projecting pin; the free end of the spring is now brought by slight
pressure or force under or against a projection on the catch bolt of a lock, where
such a lock is in question, and forms the resist for the catch bolt when operated on
by the ordinary handle; the key when used to lift the tumble acts against the
spring, and when the key has shot the bolt the tumbler falls into the notch of the
bolt, where it is held by the spring.
The same principle may be carried out by a small stud on the tube, which
projecting into a hole in the end of the spring will retain it in place, but the former
described plan is in my opinion the most suitable, the spring being formed entirely
of rounded angles, and with no slot or perforation of any kind.
PROVEMENTS IN SQUEEZING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Birch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1876.
WILLIAM BIRCH, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.
PROVEMENTS IN SQUEEZING MACHINES."
"IM-
Instead of the expensive sycamore, cotton, rubber, or other flexible rollers used
in squeezing machines for bleach works, and the like purposes, I employ metal, being
much more durable and cheaper in use; but in order to attain the same conditions,
as if the rollers were made of more flexible material, I form one of the two with a
groove in the direction of the circumference. In this groove the other flat or male
roller fits tightly at the top or edges of the groove; but at the bottom thereof, that
is, at the face of the female roller, I allow a little more room, so as to make the
groove wider there, in order that the cloth when it is being carried through the
groove and between the rollers may not bind between the sides of the groove and
the ends of the female or flat roller, and be cut or torn by the latter.
When working continuous from the squeezer to the drying or other machine I do
not drive the squeezer direct, but employ a regulating motion of any known con-
struction, a pair of conical drums with a strap shifting arrangement being found
convenient. In such a case the cloth passes through a pot eye at the end of a
bell-crank lever, and when the drying or other machine is standing and takes no
cloth the bell crank will hold the strap fork on the loose pulley at the end of one of
the drums; but if the drying or other machine is started and requires cloth the
strain on the same through the pot eye on the bell crank will shift the strap on to
the drum, and in such a position on the same as to drive the squeezer at the exact
speed at which the cloth is taken by the following machine.
Important points in this Invention are,
The slight conicity given to the groove of the roller, by the adoption of which
the arrangement becomes alone practical and useful.
Also the application of a regulating motion to the driving of the squeezer, as
described, or other similar machinery; and, further, these improvements when
applied either singly or combined.
PROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Taylor Coniam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, on the 21st April 1876.
" IM-
THOMAS TAYLOR CONIAM, of Waye, Chagford, in the County of Devon.
PROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in reaping machines.
In order to gather the standing crop and incline it towards the cutters, and also
to deliver it from the platform of the machine after it has been cut, I employ rakes
and gatherers mounted on inclined arms and fixed to a disc or boss upon an
horizontal axis parallel to and somewhat in rear of the cutters.
This axis has a
belt pulley upon it, and it is driven by a belt which also passes around a pulley on
the axis of the main wheel of the machine. The rakes to clear the platform are
inclined in such manner that they tend to draw the crop to one side outwards or
away from the standing corn, so to aid in leaving a clear track for the horses when
again coming round. At the back of the platform, also on the side next the
standing corn, an inclined board is fixed to receive the cut crop from the
rakes, and the crop sliding down the board leaves in rear of the machine a clear
track of sufficient width to receive the wheels of the machine when it next comes
round, and for a horse to work without treading on the corn. I do not work with
the horses abreast but one in front of the other, so that I do not find it necessary
to clear a track of the full width of the finger bar as is now usual. The outer teethi
of the rakes come in contact with the inclined board, and these teeth I make
moveable on the rake heads, so that they may yield in passing the inclined board
and move inwards towards the neighbouring teeth. When the moveable teeth
have passed the board they return again to their original positions.