matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Dalgety at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1857.
I, ALEXANDER DALGETY, of No. 7, Joynson Street, Strangeways, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES AND PUMPS," to be as
follows:-
On the inside of a circular cylinder, and parallel to its bore, is attached by
one of its edges (by the same method that is employed to sustain the moveable
piece in my "Patent parallel vice, Patent No. 204, A.D. 1856, and fully
described in the Specification and accompanying Drawings), a moving diaphragm
of the same length as the cylinder, and of sufficient depth to reach about one-
third across its diameter, with the exception of one or both of its ends, which
are extended to about two-thirds across, and are slotted so as to form a sort of
fork, the use of which will be presently described. The piston is circular, and
is also of the same length as the cylinder and about three-fourths its diameter,
having a concentric hole through it, and likewise a slott or groove its entire
length. It is mounted on a crank, the shaft of which is concentric with the
large or outside cylinder, and is supported in one or both of the end covers.
When the crank is made to revolve, some part of the external periphery of the
moving piston will be kept in constant contact with the internal periphery of
the fixed cylinder.

page_text: This Invention (independently of the moving diaphragm named above) is
not new; but working in conjunction with such moving diaphragm (the
manner of which will be presently described) I claim as being new and of my
Invention. In my improved combination the crank pin not only works in the
concentric hole passing through the piston, but it also passes through the
slotted or forked end or ends of the moving diaphragm. The action and effect
will be as follows:-If the crank be turned to point directly to that side of the
cylinder which has the edge of the moving diaphragm attached to it, the
grooved or slotted part of the piston will be brought to bear against the same
side of the cylinder, and the diaphragm will have passed entirely within the
piston, consequently the crank will now be (when only one cylinder is used)
at its dead point. If now the crank be turned in either direction the dia-
phragm will accompany it, the piston will slide upon the diaphragm and go
likewise, and a space be formed on one side of the piston communicating with
the supply pipe, and on the other side with the exhaust. The advantages of a
moving diaphragm over a fixed one are, that the power of the engine is very
considerably increased with the same quantity of steam or other propelling
fluid; for such steam or other fluid exerting its force against a fixed dia-
phragm is of no service, but against a moving one it assists the piston in the
propulsion of the crank. The action of the piston is also more easy and
perfect, while the difficulty of construction and chance of derangement are
lessened.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS OR BOATS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick M'Grade at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1857.
I, PATRICK MCGRADE, of No. 7, Upper Liffy Street, in the City of Dublin,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS OR BOATS," to be as follows:---
The object of my Invention is the escaping and obviating the effect of the
backwater by means of a peculiar constructed triangular wheel, with per-
pendicular paddles always remaining at right angles with the surface of
the water, and forcing in a direct line with the course of the vessel. A
reference to the annexed Drawing will more clearly describe my Invention.
B, B, B, is a strong frame fixed to the stern or other convenient part of the
ship or boat; G, G, G, G, axles on the centre beams of the frame with the
shafting attached; C, C, (in space N 1) are two shafts; D, D, are two arms
made fast to these shafts; e, e, e, e, is a guide bracket with swivel joints on the
arms D, D, by which it is always kept on a parallel with the surface of the
water; F is the paddle, fixed in the centre bar of the bracket, with its flat
surface at right angles with the surface of the water, by which arrangement it
enters the water without flaping it or making any head water, and leaves the
water without lifting it or making backwater.

page_text: In spaces N 2 and 3 the action of the guide bracket and paddles are the
same as in space N 1.
The propeller wheel is made in the form of a triangle, so that when one of
the paddles is in the water the other is ready to take its place when it leaves
the water alternately. h, h, are piston rods to turn the cranks G, G.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Rowland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1857.
I, ELLIS ROWLAND, of Machester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to the novel formation or arrangement of
the steam engine, whereby I am enabled to dispense with the piston rod and
its necessary stuffing box, together with the "parallel motion" commonly
employed, and by such peculiar construction and formation of the engine con-
siderable compactness may be obtained.
The improvement consists in substituting in lieu of the ordinary circular
steam "cylinder" a chest, box, or chamber, formed either square, oblong, or
other shape, having rectangular sides and ends, in which works a piston,
also having rectangular sides, and of a longer or more continued form
than usual, so as to act or slide parallel within the steam chamber. The piston
is connected at or near the centre (between the top and bottom or its two
extremities) to the crank by means of a connecting rod, a portion of the sides
of the steam chamber or cylinder being left open for this purpose, and a
metallic packing (with suitable "stop pieces" at the angles or corners) is

page_text: employed to retain the piston "steam-tight; the "steam slide valves" for
supplying the steam chest or chamber are also formed with rectangular sides,
and a metallic packing is likewise employed for the slide valves.
The improvement in the construction and arrangement of the engine is
equally applicable to those with ordinary circular cylinders, and is also equally
applicable to stationary, locomotive, and particularly to marine steam engines,
as in narrow vessels the square or oblong cylinders may be arranged so as to
occupy very little space, which arrangements will be more fully illustrated in
detail in my Complete Specification to be hereafter filed.
In- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE PLACING OF COP TUBES ON TO SPINDLES
Year: 1857

page_text: rotection, vi
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th December
1857.
I, JOHN MARLAND, of Fernlee Vale, near Upper Mill, Saddleworth, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE PLACING OF COP TUBES ON TO
SPINDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to facilitate
the placing of cop tubes on to spindles. For these purposes there are a
series of mouthpieces or tubular passages corresponding in their distance
apart with the distance between the neighboring spindles of a spinning
machine, so that when the apparatus is held over the spindles, and the series
of cop tubes released, they will descend on to the spindles, by which means
several spindles will be simultaneously supplied with cop tubes in place of the
cop tubes being applied by hand in succession on the several spindles. The
cop tubes are placed in recesses in an inner cylinder, the mouthpieces are
fixed on an outer cylinder. The inner cylinder is arranged with numerous
rows of recesses longitudinally, and the inner cylinder is moved round a
distance equal to that between two rows of recesses, so that when the cop
tubes in one row of recesses have been deposited on a corresponding number

page_text: of spindles, the next row of recesses is brought round into the position oppo-
site the mouthpieces, when the next row of cop tubes will be allowed to
descend on to a like number of spindles. The apparatus is carried by means
of a strap which passes around the neck of the workman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FORMING THE PRINTING SURFACE OF BLOCKS, PLATES, CYLINDERS, LITHOGRAPHIC STONES, OR OTHER. SIMILAR BODIES MADE USE OF FOR PRINTING IN COLOURS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Avril at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1857.
I, CHARLES AVRIL, of Paris (France), Engraver, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FORMING THE
PRINTING SURFACE OF BLOCKS, PLATES, CYLINDERS, LITHOGRAPHIC STONES, OR OTHER.
SIMILAR BODIES MADE USE OF FOR PRINTING IN COLOURS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to give to the printing surface of plates,.
cylinders, or other similar surfaces, from which impressions in one or more.
colours are to be taken, suitable gradations in the tints in suitable parts.
of them, in such manner that by printing with two or more of these plates a
greater variety in colours and tints of colours are obtained than was possible
hitherto with the same number of plates. The Invention is applicable to the
printing in one or more colours, on paper tissue or other suitable materials,
and by means of copper or other suitable plates, cylinders, lithographic stones,
wood blocks, or other suitable printing surfaces. I commence by establishing
the outlines of the various colored parts on two or more plates or other suitable
printing surfaces, then applying by any suitable means to each plate its own
colour, so as to make this latter take only on these spots of the plate as
require the said colour, in such mode that by printing over the same outline,
printing with each of the plates in succession, certain parts of the colours of
these latter are caused to mix together, and thus make the colours in these.

page_text: spots differ from those on the plates. I further give a graduation to the tints
by forming in those portions or spots of the plate as are required to give
on printing lighter colours, by engraving or sinking in any other way parallel
lines, squares, joints, or other suitable very minute or microscopic figures,
which, being sunk, do not take the colour, and thus leave white portions, so as
to give on printing lighter tints on the said spots, the said lines, squares, points,
or other microscopic figures, being so close to each other and so regularly
distributed over the entire spot, and nearly imperceptible to the naked eye, so
as to give to the entire spot a lighter tint, the deepness of which depends on
the size and number of the said microscopic figures. For carrying out the
Invention I prefer putting over the stone, plate, or other printing surface,
to be acted on according to my method, a suitable varnish, which, on becoming
hard, allows of scratching out, engraving, or sinking therein the said
microscopic figures.
A NEW ELASTIC COMPOSITION FOR COATING, CEMENTING, BEDDING, AND OTHERWISE PROTECTING BODIES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OR FORMATION OF ARTICLES TO WHICH IT MAY BE SUITABLE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Parker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th Sep-
tember 1857. .
I, BENJAMIN PARKER, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex,
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
ELASTIC COMPOSITION FOR COATING, CEMENTING, BEDDING, AND OTHERWISE PROTECTING
BODIES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OR FORMATION OF ARTICLES TO WHICH
IT MAY BE SUITABLE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the mixture of certain materials hereafter men-
tioned, or their chemical equivalents, compounded in the manner and
proportions stated hereafter, when required for the purposes set forth; and
as an illustration of the use of this Invention as a new elastic combination of
materials for coating, cementing, bedding, and protecting bodies, and for the
manufacture of various articles to which it may be suitable, for most of which
purposes the following composition will be found the best suited.
For the purpose of making one hundredweight of elastic composition, I
take the following:-India rubber, say, 10 lbs., with coal or other suitable
tar, sufficient to form a thin pastey solution, say 40 lbs., when the following
materials are added; pulverised chalk. or other suitable material, 48 lbs.,
sulphur about lb. With these materials is incorporated flax, cotton waste,

page_text: or other suitable material, to give a tenacious character to the whole, say
about 20 lbs., making in the whole
Allowing for waste, say
Leaves
118 lbs.
6 lbs.
112 lbs.
The treatment which these materials undergo is generally as follows:-The
chalk or its equivalent having been ground is mixed with the solution formed
by the india rubber and the solvent or other fluid or semi-fluid part of the
mixture, and the flax or other material is introduced after the mixture has
been well triturated by mechanical means, and the mass of composition thus
produced having been worked up to the consistency suited for the purpose,
it may be passed between rollers and formed into sheets, or be pressed into
moulds, or coated on to or spread over and pressed in perfect contact with
the surface to be protected; after which the material is hardened by being
submitted to the action of steam of a sufficiently high temperature within
suitably constructed chamber, and which hardening process is further aided by
the assistance of sulphuric, muriatic, or any other suitable acid applied in
conjunction therewith in any suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE WASTE WATERS OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER MILLS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Theodore Schaeffer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1857.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES THEODORE SCHAEFFER, of Stanningley, near Leeds,
in: the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE WASTE WATERS OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER
MILLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating the waste
waters of woollen and other mills. For these purposes acid with ammoniacal
liquor or with urine is employed, and mixed with the waste wash waters.
The mixture is boiled in metal pans by the heat of steam for some hours. A
quantity of vitriol is then added, according to the amount of fatty or greasy
matters present, and streams of atmospheric air, by preference in a heated
state, are forced through and amongst the mixture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francois Rualem at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1857. A communication.
I, FRANCOIS RUALEM, of 29, Rue de Paris, Belleville, in the Empire of
France, Milkman, do hereby declare the nature of the. said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES," a communication from abroad, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of brakes wherein the wheels are
skidded by means of shoes or skids, which are introduced between the wheels
and the surface of the rails, and consists more particularly of a peculiar
arrangement of mechanism for bringing the brakes into action.
According to this Invention, each or any number of carriages in a train is
fitted with two sets of skid brakes, one set being at each end of the carriage,
so as to enable it to run in either direction without the necessity for turning it.
Each brake consists of a curved or semicircular metal strap, which is hinged
above the centre of the wheel to the carriage framing, the lower or free end
of the strap being fitted with a shoe or skid, which upon being released enters
below the wheel and consequently stops its rotation. The brake to each pair
of wheels are united by a transverse rod or bar, which rests upon or is sup-
ported by a spring catch when out of action; but when the brakes are to be
applied, the spring catch is withdrawn by the aid of suitable chains and

page_text: segments, and the metal straps are then lowered so as to meet the shoes under
the wheels, and at the same time press upon or embrace their peripheries.
The actuating chain is wound upon a drum, actuated by a winch handle and
bevil wheels, in the ordinary manner of working a brake.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUSHING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1857.
I, WILLIAM WILKINS, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Builder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUSHING
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting a balanced door or valve in the manner
herein-after described between à cistern or reservoir for containing the liquid to
be let out to flush a sewer, drain, or otherwise, and the drain or sewer, or it is
fitted in a sewer. In a chamber carried out from a cistern, or at the mouth
of a reservoir for liquid, or in a sewer, I fit on an axis at an angle of about
45 degrees a valve or door, which is kept down, and communication between the
reservoir and drain or sewer shut off by means of a balance weight fixed or
cast on the valve. On the opposite end, and that which rests when the passage is
closed against the top of the chamber, a reservoir, I fit a box or chamber, one
side of which is sometimes hinged. When the water in the reservoir or chamber
rises to the top of the valve, its weight alone, or if not, some of the liquid
falling into the box or chamber, overcomes the balance weight on the opposite
end of the valve, raises that weight up and allows the contents of the cisterne
or reservoir to be discharged. When the hinged side is used, then the pressure

page_text: of water forces it inwards when the box has assumed a horizontal position, and
.tends to keep down that end of the valve to which the box is fitted.
As soon as the liquid has been discharged the balance weight restores the
valve to its original position and keeps the passage closed. When fitted in a
sewer, I provide a passage under the valve, so that the sewer may not be
entirely stopped up, and I provide an air passage over the top of the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reeve at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1857.
I, JOHN REEVE, of 46, Rutland Gate, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in propelling vessels relate to propelling vessels by the
direct action of a steam piston upon the propelling surface or surfaces, but in
which the motion is multiplied so as to increase the rate of motion much
beyond that of the speed of the steam piston by means of a combination of
levers, or it may be simply by one lever. When one lever only is used, the
piston rod is connected with the short end of the lever, and the propeller rod
is connected to the opposite and long end of the lever. The propeller is of
the kind which propels by direct thrust on the water, being projected stern-
wards, and performing a reciprocating motion as transmitted directly by the
steam piston. If the leverage employed is such as greatly to increase the
length of the stroke of the propeller (say, fifteen or twenty times), the piston
will, while travelling at a comparatively slow velocity, impart a very high
velocity to the propeller, and will thus be conducive to obtaining a high speed
in the vessel so propelled. Instead of one lever being used, two, three, or

page_text: more levers may be so combined as to transmit and multiply the velocity of
the steam piston as required. By using two or more levers for the trans-
mission of the power, the arrangement of the parts may be more compact, but
I prefer to use one lever only where it is practicable.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN METALLIC PISTONS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Firth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1857.
I, JOSEPH FIRTH, of Crosland Moore, near Huddersfield, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN METALLIC PISTONS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in metallic pistons. For
this purpose, in place of the whole surface of the metal packing coming in
contact with the interior of the cylinder or barrel in which the piston works,
a groove is cut around the circumference of the metal packing, and a spring
ring of metal, of comparatively small diameter, and by preference of brass, is laid
in such groove in such manner that the depth of the groove being less than
the diameter of the ring laid into it, such ring will protrude and alone come
in contact with the barrel or cylinder in which the piston works, thus greatly
reducing the rubbing surface and consequently the friction. In some cases
more than one groove and one ring are used. This improvement is pecu-
liarly applicable where the metal packing is made up of spring rings; it is
however also applicable where the packing is made up of segments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET AND CROWN GLASS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Page at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1857.
I, HENRY PAGE, of Whitechapel Road, in the County of Middlesex, Lead
and Glass Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET AND CROWN GLASS," to be
as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in flattening sheet glass, by the
employment of a vacuum and atmospheric pressure to force the glass down
upon a flat fire-stone. The fire-stone upon which the tube of glass to be
formed into a sheet is laid is pierced and perforated with numerous apertures.
A vacuum being formed under the fire-stone after the glass is laid thereon,
the pressure of the atmosphere presses down the glass flat and smooth
thereon.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to get rid of the knob or
knot existing in crown glass as now ordinarily manufacturing. It consists in
applying the power to spread out the glass at the circumference by suitable
instruments, instead of at the centre, where the glass is produced of an
uniform (or nearly so) thickness throughout, and without any knob or
knot.
A MACHINE FOR PREPARING WOOD TO BE REDUCED INTO PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, CARD, AND PASTE- BOARD
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Marie Poisat at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1857.-A communication.
I, ANTOINE MARIE POISAT, of Paris, (France,) Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR PREPARING WOOD
TO BE REDUCED INTO PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, CARD, AND PASTE-
BOARD," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a machine for preparing or reducing wood to a
sufficiently divided state, that the fibrous material resulting therefrom may be
afterwards ground into pulp by the ordinary engines employed for that purpose
in the manufacture of pulp from rags. The machine consists of a cylinder
revolving in bearings in a suitable frame, on the outer surface of which
cylinder are solidly fixed metal indented fillets or bands, so as to have
the surface of the cylinder suitably covered with projecting teeth, against
which the wood is pushed and thus submitted to the tearing or disintegrating
action of the said teeth, whereby the wood will be reduced to a sort of
filamentous material or very rough pulp, which may be afterwards ground
to the required fineness by ordinary rag pulp engines, or any other suitable
machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHELLING OR HULLING COFFEE AND OTHER BERRIES AND SEEDS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, out notice
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1857.
I, GEORGE ROBINSON, of High Street, Deptford, in the County of Kent,
Engineer and Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHELLING OR HULLING COFFEE AND OTHER
BERRIES AND SEEDS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for shelling or hulling bearies and other
seeds, consist in the application of a rotary beater revolving within a cylinder
of woven wire or other reticulated material, in which the berries or seed are
so acted on as to separate the hull or shell therefrom. For this purpose, I
prefer to place the axis of the beater horizontal, and employ a number of
beaters supported on arms from the axis in a position parallel to the cylin-
drical part, and in more or less close proximity thereto, according to the
berries or seed to be operated on. The berries or seeds are fed in along the
upper part of the cylinder, and escape near the lower part, and during the
descent through the cylinder are acted on by rapid rotary motion communicated
to the beater.
The beaters may consist of wood, metal, stone, or other material as may be
found best adapted for the purpose. The construction of the cylinder or
partial cylinder may also be varied according to circumstances.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A LAMP WITH Two BURNERS AND Two WICKS TO PRODUCE ONE FLAME OR TWO FLAMES, ACCORDING TO ITS REGULATION, BY GENERATION OF GAS FROM ALL AND EVERY SORT OF OILS OR SPIRITS, NAPHTHAS, RESINOUS AND TARRY SUBSTANCES, AND ALSO FROM PETROLEUM OR EARTH OILS
Year: 1857

page_text: Ms Invention received rovisional rotection,
to
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Broad at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1857.
I, JAMES BROAD, Coach Spring and Carriage Lamp Maker, of Nos. 149
and 150, Drury Lane, Holborn, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE CONSTRUCTION OF A LAMP WITH Two BURNERS AND Two
WICKS TO PRODUCE ONE FLAME OR TWO FLAMES, ACCORDING TO ITS REGULATION, BY
GENERATION OF GAS FROM ALL AND EVERY SORT OF OILS OR SPIRITS, NAPHTHAS,
RESINOUS AND TARRY SUBSTANCES, AND ALSO FROM PETROLEUM OR EARTH OILS,"
to be as follows:-
The lamp may be an ordinary argand lamp, with the addition of an inner
tube, terminating at the bottom in the supply cistern, and rising thence a
little above the argand tube, through which it passes. The mode of application
of my Invention is as follows:-I fill the supply cistern of my lamp, place my
tubes so as to take up their supplies of oil or spirit, or both, by capillary at-
traction through wicks so placed as to reach within a short distance of the
tops of the tubes; the inner tube having a hollow top (button-shaped) per-
forated round the edge for the emission of gas; the outer tube fashioned like
the ordinary argand lamp; but having a metal guard over the top surface.
To this surface I raise the wick and light it; the heat therefrom acting on
the tube and button of the inner burner generates a gas, which escapes through

page_text: the perforations and becomes ignited by the flame of the outer tube, with which
it combines. But I claim to burn the gases, thus produced either together
or separate in the same lamp, and with or without the button. I use a non-
conductor between the bottom of the wick tube and the oil cisterns, (which
may be divided into compartments, if needful,) and admit air into the tubes.
AN IMPROVED PROJECTILE
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED PROJECTILE," (communicated to me by a foreigner
residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a projectile which will not only
prove destructive by the force with which it strikes any animal or object, but
will be further destructive by bursting after having entered the object or
animal hit. In the killing of whales and other animals these projectiles will
be found very efficient.
The projectile consists of a copper cylinder, encased at the lower part in
lead; a conical copper top is screwed on to the cylinder, and in the centre of
the cone is an aperture for the reception of a shaft, which rests at bottom
upon a metal bar inserted in the upper part of the cylinder; a pin prevents
this rod or shaft falling out of the projectile; on the top of the rod and
projecting slightly from the conical top is a conical disc. Before using the
projectile, a percussion cap is placed on the bottom end of the rod and the
cylinder is filled with gunpowder. After being discharged from a gun, and the
disc coming in contact with any solid resisting object, the projectile will enter

page_text: therein, and the percussion cap being exploded by the force of contact of the
disc with the object will fire the powder in the cylinder, burst it, and create
much damage by the explosion. Although I prefer the projectile being made
of incorrodible metals yet other metals may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ENGRAVED SURFACES FOR SURFACE PRINTING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Davis Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1857.
I, JAMES DAVIS COOPER, of 26, Great James Street, Bedford Row, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ENGRAVED SURFACES FOR SURFACE PRINTING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in producing engraved
surfaces for surface printing. For this purpose the drawing or design for the
surface to be produced is made on a block of wood, as for ordinary wood
engraving, but afterwards, in place of cutting away the white parts of the
drawing or design, so as to leave the lines standing in relief, the lines are cut
away, so as to leave the whites in relief. When this is done, the wood block is
coated with varnish, care being taken that the varnish does not run into the
engraved lines, and one coat of varnish is laid on after another until the
necessary thickness of coat is obtained; afterwards the parts where the
whites are broad are built up with cement, so as further to increase the height
of these parts.
The next process consists in taking an electrotype in the ordinary way from
the block thus prepared, which electrotype is to be used as the printing
surface; but before so using, it is necessary to grind it down to an even face,
and this I prefer to do on a revolving stone of fine texture, and the grinding

page_text: process is to be continued until the shallowest lines, of the original block begin
to appear.
Lastly, the electrotype is mounted, and it may :then be used for surface
printing as an ordinary wooden block is used.
I am also able to prepare blocks for surface printing from line engraved 5
plates, and this I do by obtaining an electrotype or reversed copy of the plate,
that is to say, a plate with projections to correspond with the depressions of
the original plate, and I grind away such electrotype or reversed copy of the
original plate until a surface suitable for surface printing is obtained.
AN IMPROVED STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd January 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED STEAM ENGINE," "communicated to me by a foreigner
residing abroad), to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in causing steam to act upon a pendulum to make it
vibrate, and in communicating power to a crank through a connecting rod
affixed to the shaft of the pendulum..
The pendulum is suspended from a shaft supported in bearings in a suitable
frame, and has connected to it at opposite sides two pipes. At opposite ends
of the frame, and near the end of the course of the pendulum, are two other
fixed pipes, which are received by and enter into the pendulum pipes. Slide
valves worked by projections upon a boss on the top of the pendulum shaft
admit steam into and cut it off from the fixed pipes. Steam being admitted
into one of the fixed pipes, rushes into one of the pendulum pipes, and impels
the pendulum towards the opposite fixed pipe, the steam escaping out of the
pendulum pipe into the atmosphere. On the pendulum arriving near the end
of its vibration, steam is admitted into the opposite fixed pipe, checks any
shock, and drives back the pendulum, the vibrations being continued by the
admission of steam alternately into the fixed pipes.. A governor regulates the
admission of steam to the fixed pipes..

page_text: This Invention is susceptible of several modifications; for instance, instead
of the steam escaping directly into the atmosphere, the pendulum and fixed
pipes might be made so long as that they should continually work one within
the other, and then the pendulum on its return vibration might be made to
expel the steam which had served first to drive it through a passage to be
opened by one of the slide valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JAPANNED STRAW HATS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Garrard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1857.
I, ROBERT GARRARD, of Loman Street, Gravel Lane, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Japanned Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JAPANNED
STRAW HATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in covering straw hats with one entire piece of
woven material without seam or join of any kind, and afterwards japanning
such said covering, so as to render the same waterproof, whereas the ordinary
practice of manufacturing japanned straw hats, has been to use as a covering
for the same a material previously rendered waterproof, thus involving the
necessity for having a join or seam in such said material or covering in order
to adapt the same closely to the surface of the straw.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1857.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of the Britannia Works, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the adaptation and application of a roller having
a serrated or roughened surface, and being adjustable so as to admit of being
fixed in a suitable position to crush the substances as required between the
surface of the said roller, and a concave surface serrated or roughened in a
similar manner to that of the roller. When required a second roller and
concave surface may be employed, such second roller being adapted to crush
or divide the substances more minutely than the former one.
The substances to be crushed are fed by means of a hopper to the roller,
which is adjusted so as to crush the substances gradually until they are
reduced to the required degree of crushing or division as they pass out from
between the two serrated or roughened surfaces. The roller is driven by
means of a toothed wheel and pinion from the crank shaft of a high-pressure
engine, suitably combined on the same foundation or framework with the
crushing machinery, or it may be otherwise driven. A screen or sieve may be
combined with the roller or rollers, so that the substances or materials. may

page_text: be screened or sifted on their passage to suitable receptacles. When a second
or smaller roller is used the screen or sieve may be fixed between the two
rollers. The second or smaller roller is driven by suitable gearing from the
main shaft of the engine, or it may be otherwise driven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FAN BLOWERS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Macquorn Rankine,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1857.
I, WILLIAM JOHN MACQUORN RANKINE, Doctor of Laws, Regius Professor
of Civil Engineering and Mechanics in the University of Glasgow, declare
the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FAN BLOWERS," to be as
follows:-
An ordinary fan blower consists of two principal parts, viz', first, a case
provided with an opening or openings at or near its middle for the admission of
air, and an opening or openings at or near its circumference for the discharge
of air; and, secondly, a fan or vane wheel, which revolves within the case
and communicates motion to the air.
My Invention does not consist in the introduction of any new parts into the
construction of a fan blower, but in the making of its parts of such figures and
of such dimensions and proportions as are best suited for the production of the
requisite stream of air with the least possible waste of power; for which object
it is necessary that all the motions and changes of motion of the air shall be
imparted to it in the most gradual manner consistent with the action of the
machine. I make the circumference of the case of the figure of the curve
called a logarithmic spiral if there be but one opening for the discharge of air,
and of portions of two or more logarithmic spirals if there be two or more

page_text: openings for the discharge of air.. I. also use for the figure of the cir-
cumference of the case a curve or curves composed of arcs of circles
approximating sufficiently near, to a logarithmic spiral or spirals for practical
purposes. I make the radius of the tips of the vanes of the fan bear to the
mean radius of the case a proportion depending on the proportion which the
pressure of the air discharged from the casing is required to bear to the
pressure due to its velocity of discharge, for the greater the latter proportion
the less should the former proportion be. I make the vanes of the fan of a
figure called a spiral of the second order, which spiral is characterised by the
property that the inclination of the curve to its radius rector varies in a certain
regular manner. The effect of the action of vanes so formed upon the air is
to change its motion gradually and without abrupt variations of direction or
speed from a direct radial motion to a whirling spiral motion. Instead of an
exact spiral of the second order, an approximation to that figure may be
employed consisting of straight lines and arcs of circles, but I prefer using the
exact figure of the spiral of the second order. I sharpen the inner edges of
the vanes to make them cleave the air with the least possible resistance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DISTILLING
Year: 1857

page_text: with the time prescrtoed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Marcellus Blount at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1857.
I, EDOUARD MARCELLUS BLOUNT, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DISTILLING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the means of distilling liquids and
solids; it is more especially applicable to the distillation of fatty bodies from
schists, and from other matters which furnish fatty acids or liquid or gaseous
carburets of hydrogen.
These improvements consist in conducting a current of air, gas, or vapour
above the body in course of distillation, which current is intended,―
First, to carry away the vapours or gases as they are formed, in order
to conduct them immediately into the condensers or into the gasometers.
Secondly, to keep continually cooling the matter in course of distillation,
and consequently not to allow of the formation of any heavy, complex, coloured,
or odorous product. Thus in the distillation of fatty bodies, little or no
acroleine will be formed; and also in the distillation of schists or of
some other matters, few or no heavy carburetted coloured tars will be
formed.
Thirdly, to produce at the surface of the matter in course of distillation, a
current producing suction or exhaustion, the result of which is a mechanical
drawing away of the vapours.

page_text: Instead of air I can employ any other gas or vapour, having or not having
a chemical, physical, or mechanical action on the vapours arising from the
matter in course of distillation; also instead of heating by a fire, I can employ
a water, sand, or other bath, or I can effect the heating by steam, &c., so that
the results of distillations obtained by my processes are, ---
First, rapidity of distillation and condensation of the products.
Secondly, the obtaining light carburets and pure fatty acids, which it is
always sought to obtain in the distillation of matters containing hydrogens,
carburets, and oleic, margaric, or stearic acids.
Thirdly, the superior produce of the distilled products, as no derived
products are formed.
Fourthly and lastly, economy of fuel, inasmuch as the distillation is effected
at a low temperature under the influence of exhaustion, and as no derived and
complex product is formed at the expense of the matter; there is no caloric
absorbed in producing these injurious chemical actions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Glover at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1857.
J, WILLIAM GLOVER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Professor of
Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of regulating the speed of the
beating-up motion in looms, in order to retard that motion at certain periods
and hasten it at others. To effect this I employ intervening mechanism
between the crank (or equivalent part) and the reed which will fail in com-
municating the motion or a portion thereof at required periods.
In order to illustrate this, I will suppose that the crank rod is jointed to a
lever, the other end of which is connected to the reed, this lever may there-
fore turn upon its centre, so as to neutralize or partly so the effect of the crank
for a certain portion of its revolution, after which it may act as usual; and
I apply a spring for assisting the backward motion of the reed.
Secondly, my Invention relates to a method of passing the shuttle between
the warp threads. For this purpose I employ shuttle carriers, one on either
side of the warp, which advance towards and recede from the centre, during
which motions the shuttle is carried in by one and transferred to the other for
being passed between the remaining portion of the warp threads. An arrange-

page_text: ment I employ for this part of my Invention consists of two instruments
resembling scythes in form, upon the extremities of the curved parts of which
are adapted the shuttle boxes or carriers; the other ends of these instruments
are mounted so as to vibrate upon centres. In order to suit this arrangement
I mount the reed in a curve similar to that travelled through by the shuttle
boxes or carriers.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to the beating-up motion, in order to effect
which I introduce a wedge-formed or other apparatus in the shed between the
warp threads from the side or sides thereof. This wedge or other apparatus
may be attached to the scythe-shaped carrier before mentioned, and a small
fork or lever may be used to lodge the weft near the last thread previously to
its being beaten up.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN GOODS OR FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Milnes, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Clerk, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN GOODS
OR FABRICS."
Sealed the 23rd October 1857, and dated the 23rd April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Milues at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1857.
I, DAVID MILNES, of Bradford, in the County of York, Clerk, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF
WOVEN GOODS OR FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying or substituting yarns made from "silk
noils" and "silk waste" instead of yarns made from animal wool, for the
manufacture of that description of goods or fabrics in general wherein yarns
made from wool have been hitherto employed, but my Invention applies more
especially to the manufacture of that description of goods or fabrics called
"moreens."
IMPROVEMENTS IN CURLING TONGS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antonie Tremeschin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August
1857.
I, ANTONIE TREMESCHIN, of King Street, Snow Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Compositor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CURLING TONGS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in curling tongs consist in fixing the one part of the tongs
in a suitable handle, which constitutes the principal limb of the tongs, for
which I use the round limb. The hollow limb I joint to the main limb, and
extend beyond the joint in the direction of the handle a thumb-piece, on
which the thumb of the hand in which the tongs are held is applied to press
and open the tongs. A suitable spring is applied under the thumb-piece, by
which the jointed limb is constantly acted on with a tendency to close the
tongs, and is so closed when released from the pressure of the thumb. Dupli-
cates of these parts may be mounted in one and the same handle, in manner
suitable for curling purposes. The limbs or parts may be of other shapes than
the round and hollow mentioned, and such as may be suitable for hair-curling
purposes.