CERTAIN PROCESSES, UTENSILS, APPARATUS, MACHINERY, AND OPERATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE PREPARING, EXTRACTING, AND PRESERVING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF FOOD, THE COM- PONENT PARTS OF WHICH UTENSILS, APPARATUS, AND MACHINERY ARE OF DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS PROPORTIONATE TO THE DIFFERENT USES TO WHICH THEY ARE APPLIED, AND MAY BE SEPARATELY APPLIED IN PREPARING, EXTRACTING, AND PRESERVING FOOD, AND IN OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
VAZIE, of York Square, in the Parish of Saint Pancras, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-seven, in the eighth year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said Robert Vazic, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Elis
special licence full power and authority, that I, the said Robert Vazie, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein men-
tioned, should and lawfully may make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention and improvements in "CERTAIN
PROCESSES, UTENSILS, APPARATUS, MACHINERY, AND OPERATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE
PREPARING, EXTRACTING, AND PRESERVING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF FOOD, THE COM-
PONENT PARTS OF WHICH UTENSILS, APPARATUS, AND MACHINERY ARE OF DIFFERENT
DIMENSIONS PROPORTIONATE TO THE DIFFERENT USES TO WHICH THEY ARE APPLIED,
AND MAY BE SEPARATELY APPLIED IN PREPARING, EXTRACTING, AND PRESERVING
FOOD, AND IN OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that if I, the said Robert Vazic, shall not particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages
whatsoever thereby granted, shall entirely cease, determine, and become void,
as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at
length appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Vazie, do hereby declare that my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained
by the following description thereof (that is to say) :-
Description of the Process of what I denominate "The Corn Preserver" :-
Figures 1, 2. A stake of a proportionate length to the height of the sheaves is
pointed at each end; the thicker end is_then driven into the ground about six
inches at A. There is afterwards placed around the stake eight sheaves of
corn or pulse B. The hood sheaf C is nearly double the dimensions of the
upright sheaves. It is tightly bound near to the straw end of the sheaf. It
is then inverted, placed on the stake A, and spread around the upper part of
the upright sheaves. In this state the corn or pulse will remain secure until
it is sufficiently dry to be stacked or housed. The operation in this case con-
sists in preventing the injury which corn and pulse too frequently sustain by
rain and wind during harvest.
Description of Machinery which I denominate "The Corn Extractor":
Figures 3, 4. There is formed a frame of wood A, four feet six inches in
length, and three feet six inches in breadth, inside measure, by three feet six
inches in height. A plate of iron or other metal B, leans against the rail C,
and is supported by the rail D. These rails are moveable forward or back-
ward in grooves in the side rails, and are preserved in their stations by bed
screws F and G, when the said plate is placed at a due distance from the
skeleton wheel E; this plate is three feet five inches in length; it forms
the segment of a circle of two feet in depth, corresponding with the periphery
of the said wheel. It is lightly grooved horizontally on the face. The said
wheel is formed by six arms of iron or other metal placed parallel to each
other, which stand obliquely, the end I being eighteen inches further forward
than the end I, as shewn by one of the arms, Figure 3. This wheel is three
feet diameter by three feet five inches in length, and is turned around by the
handle K. The openings in the brasses, in which the axis of the wheel turns,
ascend at the rate of forty-five degrees forward at I, to allow the wheel to
overcome any partial obstruction; they are two inches in length. There is
delineated in the margin a front view of one arm, and also the upper hind
part of the frame of the machine. At the distance of twelve inches behind

page_text: the extremity of the said wheel, the frame M is raised to support the wheel N,
which wheel is twenty inches in diameter. There is fixed upon the fore part
of this wheel a chain or cord to suspend the sheaf or parcel of corn or pulse O.
by means of the strap P. During the process of extracting the corn or pulse
by the action of the wheel E, the said wheel N is loaded on the hind part at
Qto counterbalance the said sheaf. The plate B may be substituted by wood,
or it may be made plain on the face. The frame of the machinery may be of
iron or other metal, and the arms may stand parallel with the axis. This
machinery may be applied to extract the seeds of rape or other produce. The
advantages attending this operation are, saving in labour, extracting the grain
without bruising it, (which, in seed and for corn to store, is a valuable
consideration, and in preserving the straw uninjured.
Description of the Machinery which I denominate "The Conical Corn
Mill"-Figures 5, 6, 7. There is formed a frame of iron or other metal
thirteen inches square, inside measure, by three feet six inches in height, A,
with a bottom frame to rest upon. Within the upper rails of the said frame
there is suspended a hollow cone of steel or other metal B twelve inches
diameter at the top, and one inch diameter at the bottom, inside measure, by
nine inches in depth. Within this conc there is placed an interior cone of
like metal, C, the front view whereof is shewn at Figure 6, and the concave
side of the fore part of the exterior cone at Figure 7. These cones are
grooved, declining at the rate of forty-five degrees, and act transversely to
each other. In the centre of the top of the interior cone there is fixed the
upright spindle D, which passes through brasses placed on the rails E and F.
Betwixt these rails, upon the spindle, there is fixed the horizontal cog wheel G,
which is turned around by the vertical cog wheel H. The fly wheel I and
other moveable parts of the machinery are turned around by the handle K.
The interior cone is raised or lowered by the adjusting screw L. There is a
hopper M to supply the mill with corn or pulse, and a drawer N to receive
the flour or meal. The operation in this case will be attended with a reduc-
tion in manual labour, and the flour or meal will be preserved from heating
during the process. These cones may be enlarged to require the power of
horses, water, or steam. In the two former cases the machinery will be of the
usual description; but when the power of steam is required, there is formed
machinery which I denominate "the centrifugal steam engine," Figure 8,
to be applied, of the description following (that is to say):-There is placed a
boiler of the usual form, in the upper part of which there is fixed the cock B,
having an opening in the key of two inches by one inch. The opposite end
of this cock is fixed in the upright carriage C. There is then formed the

page_text: axis D, which is hollow from each end eight inches, and solid in the middle
two inches. One end of this axis (the hollow part whereof is two inches
diameter) is introduced three inches into the upright carriage C, and the other
end of the axis passes an equal distance into the upright carriage E. To this
carriage there is united the cock F', having an opening in the key of one inch
by half an inch. To this cock there is fixed a pipe, which is turned down
into the covered reservoir of water G, where the diameter of the pipe is
encreased from one inch to four inches; it is four feet in length. An open-
ing is then formed of two inches diameter in the hollow part of the axis on
the side of the boiler, and the pipe H of two inches diameter is united to the
axis embracing the said opening; that pipe is extended to the periphery of
the wheel I, and is communicated with the end of the spiral pipe K, which is
six inches in diameter. This pipe passes two times around the periphery of
the wheel, gradually becoming less as it proceeds until it is reduced to one
inch in diameter at L. The pipe is then turned to the hollow part of the
axis adjoining the reservoir, where, an opening being made of one inch dia-
meter, the pipe is united thereto embracing the said opening. A connecting
cog wheel M is placed adjoining the wheel I. The adjusting screw N is pro-
vided to preserve a due degree of tightness or ease in the axis. This principle
may also be acted upon by making the space for the occupation of the steam
on the perephery of the wheel of equal dimensions throughout, with transverse
partitions and openings therein, reducing the size of those openings as they
proceed toward the exit of the steam. In either case the part containing the
steam may be covered to guard against the effect of the external air. This
machinery is applicable not only to the conical corn mill, but to other objects
requiring the use of a steam engine. The operation is peculiarly free from
valves, noise and friction.
Description of the Apparatus for preparing Food, which I denominate the
"Steam Stove":-Figures 9, 10, 11. There is formed an elliptical boiler of
iron or other metal, twelve inches in length and nine inches in breadth at A
and B, by eight inches in depth and fourteen inches in length by eleven inches
in breadth at C. The bottom of the boiler is flat. Upon the neck A is the
rim D, which projects half an inch in the ascent of one inch. Upon this rim
there is placed the moveable cover E, moderately convex, with the edge turned
down. The boiler is moved by handles F, F.
There is also formed a vessel of tin or other metal, which I denominate a
stove. The plan of the cover and handles of this vessel is shewn, Figure 10,
and the section, Figure 11. It is rather less at the bottom than at the top to
permit it to pass with ease into the boiler, where it is suspended in such

page_text: The
manner as to leave room for the extra steam generated in the boiler to pass
into the upper chamber or space betwixt the covers. The stove extends within
two inches of the bottom of the boler; its bottom is slightly concave.
interior space may be divided into different compartments. The boiler may be
made circular or of any other usual form; the bottom convex or concave.
The edges of its cover may be turned up, and it may be suspended by a bow.
The bottom of the stove may be made convex or flat: The process in this
case is performed in manner following; (that is to say,) the boiler is placed on
a fire or in a furnace, into which there is put one gallon of clean cold water at
the least. The stove being placed therein, there is put into it any required
quantity of meat cut in slices or pieces, with a due quantity of rice, onions,
pepper, and salt, and as much pure cold water at the least as will continue to
cover the same, and the roots and vegitables to be afterwards applied during
the stove and boiler are then closed. In the course of half an
In a little time after the
the process;
hour the water in the interior vessel will be boiling.
stove will reach the due heat for preparing food, which it does not afterwards
exceed. The scum must be removed when it arises, and roots or vegitables
must be duly applied; at the expiration of an hour and a half from the com-
mencement (if the boiling in the exterior vessel has been properly supported)
the process will be completed, producing what I denominate an "English
stew."
Joints of meat, fowls, fish, potatoes, or other roots and vegitables
prepared in this stove require to be covered at the least with water during the
process.
Steaks may be dressed in butter or other oily substance, confec-
tionary and conserves in sugar. A single cover must be put on the stove
when the process is performed in an oven, and no cover on the boiler. The
apparatus may also consist of a double cover on the stove, and none on the
boiler. When placed on a fire or furnace a cover may be applied on the
boiler, and none on the stove, or oil may be substituted for water in the boiler
and in the stove. But not any of the last three instances are so efficacious as
the process particularly detailed above. The operation effected by this process
comprises the following advantages:-1st, the flavor of the food is rendered
peculiarly grateful by the meat being prevented from resting on the bottom of
the boiler, which occasions a forbidding, nauseous taste, and impedes digestion;
2d, the extra steam generated in the boiler, passing into the upper chamber,
relieves the stove from being charged with more heat than is necessary for the
due preparation of the food, accelerates the heat in the stove, and renders the
preservation of the pieces of the meat complete. The surplus quantity of
this nutricious fluid being infused into the roots or vegitables contained in
the stove, makes them valuable and economical substitutes, in great measure

page_text: as restorative as the meat itself. The invigorating and healthful effects of food
thus prepared have been most satisfactorily proved. 3d, any part of meat
usually boiled may be prepared in this apparatus either for immediate con-
sumption or as provisions for a distant voyage, having regard that the lean
part of fresh meat is the most tender and nutricious and of the best flavor.
The shoulder part of veal or mutton are peculiarly fine. Potatoes prepared
in this stove separately from viands are highly approved of by all ranks in
society; and by the application of a very moderate quantity of meat, with
potatoes, during the process, there is produced very nourishing food for persons
of narrowed domicility. This apparatus is also applicable to the manufac-
turing of glue and size. The dimensions, positions, proportions, and numbers
herein particularly described are the best adapted to the matters comprised in
this Specification, which my experiments, practice, and minute consideration
have produced. Yet there are variations, more or less, therefrom; and the
utensils, apparatus, and machinery may also be extended or diminished, as
circumstances may require, in order to the due attainment of the objects of
this Patent grant.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Vazic, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-eight.