Year: 1886

page_text: 3
I, EDWIN CLERK ALLAM of 63 Finsbury Pavement in the County of Middlesex,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
ト
The object of this invention is to separate by mechanical means the grosser
impurities of water and to combine in the same apparatus a chemical purifier (the
latter being composed of carbon, oxide of manganese, magnetic oxide of iron, and
lime) and an aërator, all as hereafter described.
The invention will be best understood by reference being had to the accom-
panying drawings forming a part of the Specification.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a filter constructed according to my invention
showing the combined arrangements and filtering medium.
Figure 2 is a plan of the perforated shelf.
Figure 3. is a plan of the aörator.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a cistern filter showing the
application thereto of these combined arrangements.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
According to this my invention I pass the water 1, to be filtered first through a
layer of asbestos cloth 2, secured to and supported by a shelf 3, of say earthenware
or slate having a number of small holes or perforations therein. The partially
filtered water 4 is secondly passed through a vessel 5 of porous earthenware or
porous stone.
These two arrangements constitute my mechanical separator.
The further or chemical purification is effected by passing the water through
carbon, oxide of manganese, magnetic oxide of iron, and lime, either separate or
mixed, 6, contained in the aforesaid vessel 5 of porous earthenware or porous stone
and supported by a layer of asbestos 7 and of asbestos cloth 8.
Below this filtering medium I place plates or shelves of earthenware, slate or
metal, two of such plates are shown in the drawing. The upper one having
grooves upon its upper surface and the lower one pierced with small holes or
perforations.
Air. is admitted to the chamber 12 through an air filter 13 filled with cotton
wool.

page_text: The action is as follows: The unfiltered water at 1, passes through the asbestos
cloth 2 by which any coarse matter in suspension is arrested, the water then
descends through the perforated shelf into the chamber at 4 and passes through
into the interior of the porous earthenware or porous stone vessel 5 by which finer
matter in suspension is separated. The water then passes through the carbon,
oxide of manganese, magnetic oxide of iron, and lime 6 by which all organic
matter in solution is oxidised and destroyed. It then passes out through the
asbestos 7 and the asbestos cloth 8 which support the medium and falls upon the
upper plate 10 of the aërator at the centre, spreads over the surface, then falls
from its edge upon the lower plate or shelf 11, flows over this and finally falls
through the perforations and centre hole into the chamber 12 for filtered water
below. The filtered water being thus exposed to the air becomes aërated and
this air being itself passed through cotton wool in the air filter 13 any after
contamination of the filtered water is avoided.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare. that what
I claim is :-
First In filters, the use in combination of asbestos and porous earthenware or
porous stone, forming a mechanical separator, together with carbon, manganese,
iron and lime as a chemical, purifier and the use of one or more shelves for
spreading out the filtered water in contact with filtered air as an aërator, all
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to the
accompanying drawings;
i
Second: In filters, the employment of the vessel of porous earthenware or porous
stone to contain the carbon, manganese, iron, and lime substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.