AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF DRAINAGE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Jewell, of No. 5, Gordon Grove, Camberwell,
. in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM
OF DRAINAGE."
Sealed the 9th November 1877, and dated the 27th August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Jewell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1877.
THOMAS JEWELL, of No. 5, Gordon Grove, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey. "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF DRAINAGE."
And consists in disconnecting the whole of the pipes from the house or building
in the adoption of water traps, ventilation pipes, flues.
The materials for the manufacture of closet pans, traps, pipes, extracting caps,
or terminal, is intended to be of malleable galvanized iron, earthenware, or any other
suitable and durable material, and the outer traps bedded on concrete enclosed with
masonry built with cement. The pan from closet is formed with a swell-sweeped
bottom connected to the trap and giving more water room, has also an enclosed
slanting groove or slot cleanser for flushing of the pan, and receiver with flange
bottom for securely fastening the same, and ventilating sockets with socket joint
attached to pipe, which leads and carries the contents from the closet into an outer
disconnecting trap, passing immediately off to outer ventilation trap fixed in yard,
street, or area.
From the disconnecting trap, before described, is also fixed an up ventilation pipe
leading to a generating flue or extracting cap to the open air, entirely disconnecting
the whole of the outer soil pipes in connection with the bottom or sewer trap
leading to the sewer from the house. The traps have also additional air and venti-
lation pipes to the open air, perfectly sealing securely any sewage gas from entering
the house, either in examining the drains or traps, or in case of stoppage from any
cause. The disconnecting trap is secured by an outer casing or box with a space
round it, stuffed with cow hair to prevent freezing (or enclosed in the wall), with
opening for examining at any time, fitted with air-tight door and plug.
:

page_text: The supply to closet is from cistern or water waste preventor, and the system
can be applied to any existing closets or apparatus in present use.
The soil pipe from the disconnecting trap leads to a double ventilating trap con-
nected to the drain leading to the outer double ventilating trap for ventilation of
the sewer, and is entirely again disconnected, forming a perfect treble seal.
The rain-water pipes are made perfectly air-tight, and from their position is also
utilized in connection with other pipes for the purpose of ventilation, in con-
nection with pipes from the ventilation traps leading to the generating and
extracting flue, or pipes to caps above the roof, passing the gutters where pipes
are used by a separate head with self-closing door. The whole of the sinks,
lavatories, and baths have also ventilating traps leading to an outer surface trap in
yard. Those traps are formed to any angle or plan, or one under the other, giving
a direct line of discharge into the drain and sewer.
The waste water from the baths, sinks, lavatory, is discharged into the trap close
to the yard grating and free to the open air, and then to the lower trap,
entering the drain leading to the outer ventilating trap described, and the rain-
water pipe utilized as before perfectly seals and disconnects the pipes from sinks,
lavatories, and baths; and by no chance can any foul air or sewage gas enter the
pipes from the house.
The traps are all provided with air-tight inspection doors, and the trap in yard has
a bucket for the dirt from any cause, made portable for emptying and examining of
traps and drains. A grating is also fixed having plugs and washers, and are both for pre-
venting anything likely to cause stoppage to the drain, and discharges into the outer
ventilation trap provided with generating flue ventilating pipes, caps, or terminals,
which ventilates and carries off the foul air and sewage gas from the main sewer,
diffusing it to heated generating flue, extracting cap, or terminal, entirely preventing
it from entering the back pipes, producing a simple and complete treble seal to the
sewer, ventilating the sewer, and the sewage-diffused gas, passing off the same
through heated generating flue or pipe to the atmosphere from extracting cap
without intricate mechanical contrivances of any description. Thus its economy
and simplicity in improvements, form, and free ventilation, durability of materials,
facility in cleansing and fixing, taking the whole collectively, and united from the
closet and sewer to the outlet cap form, as near as can be, a perfect system without
mechanichal complexity, cannot well get out of order, entirely ventilates the sewer,
destroys the foul gas, suitable to public and private buildings, simplicity, economy,
and as near perfection as possible, has been the great aim of the Inventor. in the
improvements in this system of rendering edifices wholesome, healthy, and pure,
manifesting clearly that this system is superior to any as yet introduced.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Jewell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
February 1878.
THOMAS JEWELL, of 5, Gordon Grove, Camberwell, in the County of Surrey.
"AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF DRAINAGE."
By disconnecting the whole of the pipes from the house and building, the use of
well-ventilated water traps fixed in suitable positions, checking the foul currents of
air, and to direct the same to up ventilating pipes, extracting cap, or terminal,
collecting the warm air in pipes or flues, and conducting it to terminal, producing
an up current causing continuous motion in the pipes, and diffusing the foul air to
the atmosphere above the summit of the building.
The disconnecting is effected, first, from the waterclosets by well-constructed
disconnecting water traps through the wall at first point of outlet, as shewn in
annexed detail Drawing, at Figure 1, discharging the soil from the closet receiving
trap into disconnecting trap down the soil pipe Q, into ventilated water trap below
at a, Figure 2, passing through ventilating trap, Figure 3, into drain leading to
ventilating sewer trap, Fig. 9, at a', ultimately discharging into sewer from 62; the
up disconnecting pipe r from disconnecting trap Fig. 1, is continued and taken into
heated extracting terminal to the open air, Fig. 11 and 12, or extracting cap o.
The pipes carrying off the waste water from the sinks, baths, lavatories, and all
other rooms, are disconnected in the same manner as the water closets, but discharges
into trap at n, Fig. 4, immediately under the open grating at i, Fig. 3, and fixed in
yard, area, or other suitable position, discharging into under ventilated trap p, thence
into trap, Fig. 2, at r, used for flushing the soil passing to outer ventilated traps:
The up pipe b¹ from the disconnecting trap, Fig. 6, is carried up to extracting cap or
terminal, as shewn in Figs. 6 and 11, at b¹ or c¹.
Where practicable, I utilise the rain water pipe, having the joints made sound,
for sinks and baths, passing the rain water gutter, as shewn at r, Fig. 6, which is
also an auxiliary in flushing the soil drain, which of all things is of primary
importance; in fact the waste water from all parts, where practicable, should at all
times be made available for this purpose, being from this point of the utmost
importance in arrangement, construction, and ventilation.
The sewer trap, Figs. 8 and 9, is to be fixed in the most suitable points for
receiving the house drainage, or fixed in road outside the house, having separate
man-holes for the examination of traps and sewer, formed as shown in section,
Fig. 9, partly in pathway and road, and when so placed, the whole of the waste
water should be collected from the roads; proper channel courses, at least fifteen
inches wide, of iron, granite, or other suitable material, with intermediate open
gratings into pipes, being laid each side of trap on true gradients discharging
into trap, Fig. 9, at d, then into soil trap to main sewer. And in outlying districts,
to prevent the noxious air from entering the house pipes, where the building is some
distance back from the road, I take up an iron flue by the side of the gas lamp,
twenty feet high, with an extracting cap fixed on top, collecting the warm air
from the gas lamp, conducting it by pipe into the ventilating pipe above. By this
mode all waste and surface water of every description is used, and performs its proper
function in flushing, first, the drains and traps from the house, and then the sewer.
The upper part of trap, and in the channel of the road is also fixed an open grating,
which is used as a gully, with a portable bucket A¹ for receiving any deposit, and
which is easily moved and at once emptied into cart, always keeping it clean; this
trap also affords ventilation for the main sewer, and prevents the foul air entering
the house drains (hereafter more fully explained in detail).
For generating an up draught, and producing a continuous current, for taking off-
the noxious air from waterclosets, lavatories, baths, and other rooms, also the drains,
sewers, traps, and gullies for new buildings where stove and flue are not provided,
the whole of the warm air from 'every available source, from the various rooms,

page_text: workshops, offices, or other parts of the building, is collected and brought to base of
terminal through pipes leading into terminal, as shewn in Figs.. 1, 6, 11, and 13.
The whole of the air may be collected into pipes attached to the smoke flue,
or carried up, as shewn in Figs. 10, 13, and 14, branching off and carried into
terminal, collected from the various rooms in pipes from various parts of the
ceiling, branched into flue pipes, as shewn, Figs. 10 and. 14, secluded by ceiling
ornaments adapted for ventilating purposes, or a separate flue or pipe heated by
gas or stove, taken up terminal base forming part of the chimney stack each
side of the chimney breast, as shewn in Figs. 11 and 13, and in all cases for
freely taking off the foul air from those parts, making use of the same provisions
as shewn in Fig. 1, at h, i, k, and 7, by the means of inlet and outlet openings,
hereafter fully described in detail.
To existing buildings I commence immediately from the water closets, baths,
sinks, lavatories, and other rooms, first by attaching to closets apparatus the.
disconnecting trap through the wall, shewn in Fig. 1 (this will apply to existing
sinks, and all other rooms and places as well); the remainder of the work from this
point I carry out as for new buildings, taking the pipes up and through the roof
into base of terminal, as shewn in Figure 11 at c¹, and the warm and foul air for
up draught to foul air terminal is collected from all available sources as before, but
with this difference, that it is collected from the various places through pipes brought
to the angles of the chimney breast forming junctions in the form of a quadrant in
the ceiling at those points, and may have an ornamental angle. flower prepared for
concealing the same; the pipes are taken up the angles of the chimuey breast and
ornamented or concealed by battening out the chimney breast, and the pipes carried
to terminal through and up the roof as before, and shewn in elevation of terminal i
at c¹, and the terminals may be fixed on any existing flue or chimney with the pipes
leading into the same, as shown in elevation of terminal 1 (when one of the pipes is
used for the ventilation of the sewer), or the terminals may be fixed on the top of
any existing chimney or chimney shaft.
The construction of the terminals is so arranged that they may be adapted to any
style of architecture and may be increased or diminished in size as required.
The diaphragm s, Figure 13, prevents the down draught, and by the down action
of the wind produces a suction to the up flue or pipe; the whole of the pipes are
kept separate in position from each other, so passing from extracting terminal and
diffusing to the open air.
The materials for the manufacture of the closet pans or basin, flues, pipes, traps,
extracting caps, terminals, or gratings is intended to be of iron, earthenware, or any
other suitable and durable material; and the outer traps are bedded on concrete
inclosed with masonry, built with cement, and all drain pipes and kerbs are bedded
in cement concrete laid on true gradients, and the whole of the joints and junctions
of pipes and traps are to be well secured and made air-tight with iron or other
suitable cement, well secured with bolts and screws where necessary.
Figure 1, part section through watercloset showing an improved closet for public
buildings, offices, factories, or other places; this closet is either manufactured
in iron enamelled, or of stone ware, or other suitable material-a, inlet socket
for flushing of basin and receiver, and is supplied in the usual way from cistern
above, or waste-preventing closet cistern; b, b, flushing rim or slots for basin
and receiver; c, diaphragm or tongue to receiving trap of basin; d, ventilating
pipe leading to up pipe; e, receiving trap; f, socket and flange joint to dis-
connecting trap, made air-tight and fastened with copper screw bolts, nuts, and
washers; g, seating of basin for fixing to floor with coach head screws (when these
closets are fixed above the ground floor, they are to have enamelled iron, or other
suitable material safes fixed under them, with an outlet into separate down over-
flow pipe); h, h, gratings for the passage of foul-air, under closet seat and in closet,
and is taken to terminal, either by flues formed in the walls or by an iron pipe
male with tight flange and socket joints and screws; i, grating, an auxiliary for
taking-off the foul air and leading to flue pipe or terminal; j, fresh air grating for

page_text: ventilation carried to up flue k, and taken to within two feet of the ceiling line,
discharging into the closet through a perforated zinc or brass panel 1; there is also
fixed at the inside of outer grating another perforated zinc plate; m, disconnecting
trap; n, air-tight door and plug for the examination of disconnecting trap; P, P,
boxes stuffed with cow-hair to prevent freezing; Q, Q, down soil pipe and for
ventilation, up-ventilating and disconnecting pipe; 8, 8, socket joints for con-
necting up-and-down pipe made air-tight.
Fig. 2, section through A, B, plan of trap, Fig. 5. a, inlet for soil pipe; r,, inlet
from o, Fig. 4; a², air pipe for ventilating soil pipe; b², air-tight door for examining
trap.
Figure 3, section through C, D, Figure 5. 8, inlet from 8, Figure 2; 0, 0, venti-
lating pipes taken to terminal, or may be placed as shewn by the dotted lines at D;
N, outlet from trap into drain, leading to outer and sewer ventilating trap; P, P,
air-tight doors for examining traps; i, iron frame and door for inspection of traps
and sewers, and emptying bucket, with gratings fixed and formed in same, and
wrought, falling each way to the centre, causing the water to flow easily to the
grating, hung with centre and fastened with copper warded lock; D, D, portable
bucket for receiving and emptying accumulated sediment; S, outlet from gully
bucket into trap, Fig. 4, shewn at S, Fig. 5; T, perforated diaphragm for preventing
straws, sticks, or other floating substance going into trap.
Fig. 4, section through B, C, Fig. 5. n, n, inlet for rain water, waste from sinks,
cisterns, bath, yard, or area; p, ventilating pipe leading to terminal; s, ventilating
fresh air pipe to soil pipe; 0, 0, overflow from traps; a, inlet from soil pipe; b,
inspection door to traps.
Fig. 5, plan showing arrangement of traps looking down when open for emptying
of bucket with trap doors closed. B, bucket for receiving and emptying sediment;
S, outlet for bucket into trap, Fig. 4; D, D, D, air-tight doors for examining traps
and drain closed; s, air pipe to soil pipe; p, p, p, ventilating pipes leading to
terminal; n, inlet from bath, sink, lavatories, and rain water, and other waste; a,
inlet for soil; N, outlet from traps into drain; T, diaphragm for preventing floating
substances from going into trap; H, handle of bucket.
Fig. 6, section of disconnecting trap from sinks, bath, lavatories, and other rooms
through N, O, Fig. 7. N, air-tight doors with plugs for examining traps, shewn
at n, Fig. 1; 0, key to ditto; G, grating, preventing any stoppage in trap or pipe;
8, trap from sink, discharging into under disconnecting trap D into down pipe F;
c, socket joint for receiving waste pipe; b, waste pipe from sink; b', up discon-
necting ventilating pipe leading to extracting cap or terminal, as shewn at b¹ and
c; a, air and ventilating pipe from sink trap.
Fig. 7, plan of trap to sinks, baths, lavatories, and other rooms. N, inspection
door to traps closed; a, air and ventilating pipe; 8, junction socket; c, junction
socket; F, foul air grating and flue leading to extracting cap or terminal.
Figure 8, plan of outer trap and for ventilation of main sewer with air-tight
doors 1 and 2 closed. a', inlet for drains of house; 62, outlet into main sewer; d, d,
inlets from surface drains of road, yard, or area; c, air and ventilating pipe leading
to terminal into outer pipe A, Fig. 13; V, ventilating pipe from main sewer, taken
up pipe or flue leading to inner pipe of terminal, Fig. 13, at 1; B, B, B, Fig. 13,.
are up pipes of terminal for the foul and warm air collected from the various rooms
of the building as an auxiliary in accelerating a continuation of upward current,
and form one great part in this system.
Fig. 9, section through M, N, Fig. 8. 1, 2, air-tight doors for inspection of traps
and sewer; c, air and up ventilating pipe c on plan; V, ventilating pipe, shewn at
V on plan; d, inlet from road, yard, or area, or other surface drains, d, d, on plan;
A', portable gully bucket; A² shew the manner of discharging into gully trap from
bucket; A, B, C, iron fraine and kerb formed for receiving inspection door and
gully grating cast in one; D, inspection door; E, gully grating; M, man-hole left
open each side of gully; W, waste pipe to drain mau-hole, (The iron kerb is done

page_text: away with, and the grating and inspection door form one level line when fixed in
positions where no kerb is required.)
Fig. 10, plan of junction for pipes just under terminal at c', and shewing their
connection when brought up in chimney stacks. A, smoke flue with pipe b, for
collecting air from rooms attached; B, outlet pipes for foul air from disconnecting
pipe of waterclosets; d, d, d, d, collected foul and warm air from all sources.
Fig. 11, elevation of terminal 1, shewing connection of pipes to same. 8, 8, up
draught producers; c¹, c¹, c', inlet pipes.
Fig. 12, elevation of extracting terminal 2 for taking off foul gas from the main
sewer. N, up draught producer.
Fig. 13, section through extracting sewer terminal. f, conducting pipe for foul
air from sewer; g, g, outlets; B, B, conducting pipes for foul and warm air from the
various rooms, traps, and sinks; N, N, up draught producers; s, 8, 8, 8, connection
of pipes or flues.
Fig. 14, plan of pipes for collecting warm air when brought up in chimney stack
of building, and may be brought separate, as shewn at a, or attached to flue, as
shewn at b, b. Pipe a is brought up in division of flues, bonded at intervals in
brickwork; the dotted lines c, c, show the inlets for collecting the warm and foul
air from the various parts of the building. When the pipes are connected, as shewn
at b, b, they will be carried up in a similar way; the warm air and foul air collected
similarly as before, and as shewn by dotted lines d, d.
I claim as my Invention, the improvements adapted for preventing the sewage
gas entering the building by disconnection and ventilation adopted in this system
throughout, with its appliances and combinations one with the other, producing
from the various outlets from the traps for taking off the foul air from the sewer
and house drains, making a way for it, continuing its upward currents through flues
or pipes to the top of the building to extracting cap or terminal heated by pipes or
flue from stove, or by collecting the warm air from every source, producing an up
current to the up-cast flue terminal, diffusing the foul gas to the atmosphere,
preventing it entering the house drains by water traps fixed in suitable positions.
It will also be seen by this system that the house drains, as well as the sewer
drains, are ventilated, and that every available source is made use of for producing an
upward current and auxiliary for taking up the foul air, keeping a constant upward
flow in the pipes leading to the extracting cap or terminal, and diffusing to the
open air, also using every available source in accumulating the waste and surface
water for cleansing and flushing the traps and drains before entering the sewer.
The foul air from the sewer is carried off through the opening from sewer trap
(v, Fig. 9), also any small escape of foul air passing this trap is taken off through
the opening (c, Fig. 9) from the inner chamber of this trap.
Should any foulness accumulate in the drain from the house it is checked by the
trap P, Fig. 3, and directed to the up pipes of flue through the outlet O, and any
escape from this point is again checked by trap S, Fig. 2, and again directed through
opening O, inner chamber of trap P, Fig. 3, to up pipes; and if from any chance
foulness should arise from the soil trap S, Fig. 2, it is carried up through pipe Q, Fig. 1,
to heated flues or pipes A to up terminals, Figs. 11 and 13. The pipes also from
disconnecting traps of sinks, bath, lavatories, or other parts is also taken off in
the same way, leading to extracting cap or terminal, and the whole diffused to the
open air, preventing the possibility of any foul gas entering the building from the
sewer or drain.
The improvements in Fig. 1 are the additional slot for flushing, and the more
easily taking the soil from the receiver to the disconnecting trap b, b, the mode of
connecting the pan with socket and flange joint f to the disconnecting trap with
the form and position of the disconnecting trap, the inspection and plugged air-tight
door n, with its method of fastening and producing a complete disconnection from
the house without any intermediate length of pipe, the manner of taking off the
foul air generated n the closets by the means of foul air flues or pipes from gratings

page_text: h, h, and i (these flues or pipes are discharged into the up pipe r, Fig. 6, leading to
extracting cap N, Fig. 6, or to pipes B, B, E, at base of extracting terminal, Fig. 13,
or as shewn at d, d, Fig. 10, or at c¹², c¹, c¹, Fig. 11, passing up terminal, diffusing
to the open air.
The plan which it is usual at present to employ is to have the soil and waste
down pipe immediately attached to the soil and sink traps, leaving at all times a
considerable length of pipe before disconnection takes place, which length of pipe
becomes charged with the upflow of sewage gas, and at any time of using the
closet or sink sewage gas enters the house while a portion only is carried off, and
that sluggishly. These nuisances are effectually obviated by the employment of
my system.
A further claim is an improvement in the manner of construction and arrangement
of those traps with the casy available manner for cleansing, and the method of
ventilation for taking off the foul air, thus preventing by any chance an accumulation
of foul air in the drain pipes of the building; and in Fig. 6 the simple method adapted
in effecting an immediate disconnection of the pipes from the house by the under trap
D, with b, c, the waste pipe from the sinks, or bath, or lavatories, or other places into
trap & passing through grating e into disconnecting trap D; the down pipe f leading
to drain, and discharging immediately under the open grating of gully in yard or
area at n, Fig. 4, free to the open air; b¹, the up ventilating and disconnecting
pipe; a, a, ventilating out pipe connected to up pipe. N inspection air-tight door
and plug (this trap may have a flanged socket joint at i, i, when not built in). In
the sink I fix a two and a half inch grating with a short piece of two inch pipe into
three inch leading to trap s fixed to floor under the sink. The up ventilating pipe b¹
passes the rain water gutter by a self-closing door, as shown at v.
The usual method of trapping from those parts is by fixing a bell trap in the
bottom of sink with grating which in most instances are left loose, or by a D trap or
syphon trap fixed at the same point, then discharging by a length of pipe into the
drain, this length of pipe is at most times charged with foul or sewage gas,
frequently gaining access to the house; my improved system entirely obviates
this.
Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5 are the outer traps for receiving the soil waste from sinks, from
the former traps (already described) discharging into drain from N, Fig. 3, leading
to outer or sewer trap Fig 9 at a¹. Fig. 5, plan of trap with air-tight inspection
doors closed; 1, outer trap receiving the whole of the waste from sinks, lavatories,
baths, and other rooms, as well as the surface water, section of which through B, C,
is shown in Fig. 4; 8, 8, shows the outlet of pipe (air pipe) for ventilating the soil
pipe, and is taken into soil pipe at ; 2, plan of trap for receiving the soil from the-
water closets, section of which thro' A, B, is shewn at Fig. 2; 3, plan of trap
with outlet N section through C, D, is shewn, Fig. 3, with part showing bucket B on
plan Fig. 5. The simplicity in the arrangements of form in these traps, together with
the position of gully bucket and grating being wrought with the door and frame,
the whole unitedly forming another disconnection (already explained), I claim in
all its principal details as part of my Invention in this system. From N, Fig. 5,
the contents are discharged into drain leading to sewer or outer trap at a¹, Fig. 9.
Fig. 8, plan of outer trap; d, d, inlet for surface water from road or other sources;
1, 2, air-tight inspection doors to trap and sewer; a', inlet froin house drains; b³,
outlet from trap into sewer; c, ventilating pipe from inner chamber of trap; V,
ventilating pipe taking off foul air from sewer to up flue or pipe 1, f, f, Fig. 13.
Fig. 9, section through M, N, Fig. 8, shewing the manner of fixing and placing the
sewer trap partly in road and footpath with iron frame gully grating and inspection
door, forming the contour of part of the road and footway, the details having been
already explained; the whole formation of this trap is claimed to contribute in
perfecting this system.
Figure 14 is a plan shewing the manner of bringing up the warm air pipes in new
buildings, the dotted lines shew the manner of taking the warm air into pipes when
ollected from various rooms and offices of the building; the up pipes may be taken

page_text: up separately or connected to the smoke flues (and already explained). Fig 10
shews the manner of connecting the up warm air pipes to base of terminals to existing
buildings, and as before explained.
The plan of flues or pipes, Fig. 3, shew the manner the pipes for collecting the
warm and foul air from the various parts of the building are brought to the base of
terminal. The collecting of the warm and foul air from the various sources, and
the heated flue and pipes in chimney stack, and the manner of taking it to the
terminals with the extracting caps, and terminals are claimed as my Invention,
forming one great auxiliary, and taken collectively contribute in perfecting this
improved system, and is that there shall be a sufficient number of openings in the
periphery of the system which will promote a movement from below upwards,
making openings enough to disperse danger or rather preventing its coming at all,
and the continuous current produced in heated terminals produces a constant upflow
in foul air pipes, which carries away the sewage gases before they can do harm, and
effectually (without mechanical complexity) excludes it from the house.
The manner at present made use of is by taking a pipe from a single trap to the
summit of the building, and by some a cowl is also made use of without discon-
nection, by others valves or levers in the same way, hence the failure in those systems
at every discharge of the contents from closet or sink. In my system this is entirely
obviated, and the sewage gas in its dangerous form is done away with.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Jewell, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 26th day of Febr., in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
D
THO. JEWELL. (L.S.)