Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Making Rivets and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Aug., 1891-Accepted, 10th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Making Rivets and
the like.
I, WALTER SKAIFE, of 671 Commercial Road East, Limehouse, in the County
of London, Galvanised Iron Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in machinery or apparatus for
making rivets and bolts, especially small ones, from metal rod.
I construct a machine for this purpose with a perforated plate to serve as a
holder, a shear blade for cutting from a metal rod whilst the same is held in and
projects beyond the perforated plate, a suitable length (hereinafter called a blank)
to form a rivet or bolt (hereinafter referred to as a rivet), a heading die having a
double or step movement as serving also as a stop against which one end of the
metal rod rests whilst the required blank is being cut therefrom, a plunger that
serves first as an abutment or stop to support one end of the blank whilst the reverse
end is being headed and afterwards as a pusher to remove the finished rivet from
the perforated plate, and suitable means such as cams and levers driven through
gearing for operating the shears, heading tool and plunger in one or both directions;
or springs or other equivalent incans may be used to effect the return movement of
these parts. The arrangement is such that when the machine is in operation and a
metal rod is passed through the perforated plate and pressed against the heading
die, the shear blade will descend and shear the rod so as to form a blank and in so
doing will bring the plunger into a position in which it will act as a stop or
abutment for one end of the blank; the heading die will be operated to form the
required head at the other end of the rivet, the heading die will then move back,
the plunger will move forward to push the finished rivet from the plate and will
afterwards move back into its original position, the shear blade and plunger will
rise to permit of the insertion of a fresh length of metal rod and the heading die
will move forward through a portion of its forward stroke and assume a position in
which it will again act as a stop, these operations being repeated during the working
of the machine. These several operations can be effected by cams on a shaft
driven by suitable gearing and by springs or counterweights. The stroke and
position of the heading die is made adjustable to make rivets of different lengths or
with different forms of heads.
To permit the heading die to move in steps as mentioned, it is carried by a slide
that is operated through a tumbler by a plunger which at the required time, effects
the heading operation, the arrangement being preferably such that the slide can be
moved in one direction by the tumbler independently of the plunger in one direction
by a cam on the driving shaft or by a hand lever, or by either of these means at
will, the movement in the reverse direction being effected by a counterweight or
spring. A machine such as described may have several heading dies and the
perforated plate and shear blade can be formed to act upon several rods at once so
as to form several rivets simultaneously. In this case the rods may be held in
clamps by which they can be readily handled so that whilst therein the rods can be
heated and then fed into the machine.
To facilitate the passage of the rod or rods through the perforated plate, the
shear blade may be formed with one or more holes into which the rod or rods is or
are inserted whilst it is in its raised position, and this shear blade is so operated
that when it has been caused to assume a position in which the hole or holes therein
is or are in line with the hole or holes in the perforated plate it will be caused to
"dwell" for a short time to allow of the rod or rods being passed through the

page_text: perforated plate and against the heading dies, after which the shear blade continues
its movement and the above mentioned further operations take place. A current
of cold water can be caused to flow over the top and one side of the perforated
plate and in contact with the shear blade to keep the same cool when necessary.
According to a modification the perforated plate may be divided in a horizontal
plane passing through the centre of the hole (or holes) therein. In this case the
two parts of the plate act as a clamp for the metal rod and one of them can be
secured to the shear blade so as to move therewith.
A machine constructed as described may be provided with any known or suitable
means for automatically feeding thereto one or more metal rods or wires. According
to one arrangement for this purpose, the rod or wire may be fed by a sliding
gripping device actuated by a cam on the main shaft and carried by a slide or part
carrying the shear blade, so as to move with the latter. The movement of the
gripping device is made adjustable to suit different lengths and forms of rivets.
Dated this 25th day of November 1890.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Making Rivets and
the like.
I, WALTER SKAIFE, of 671 Commercial Road East, Limehouse, in the County
of London, Galvanised Iron Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
This invention has reference to improvements in machinery or apparatus for
making rivets and bolts, especially small ones, from metal rod.
I construct a machine for this purpose with a perforated or divided plate to serve
as a holder, a shear blade for cutting from a metal rod whilst the same is held in
and projects beyond the perforated or divided plate, a suitable length (hereinafter
called a blank) to form a rivet or bolt (hereinafter referred to as a rivet), a heading
die having a double or step movement and serving also as a stop against which
one end of the metal rod rests whilst the required blank is being cut therefrom, a
plunger that serves first as an abutment or stop to support one end of the blank
whilst the reverse end is being headed and afterwards as a pusher to remove the
finished rivet from the perforated plate, and suitable means such as cams and levers
driven through gearing for operating the shears, heading tool and plunger in one
or both directions; or springs or other equivalent means may be used to effect the
return movement of these parts. The arrangement is such that when the machine
is in operation, and a metal rod is passed through the perforated plate and pressed
against the heading die, the shear blade will descend and shear the rod so as to
form a blank and in so doing will bring the plunger into a position in which it or
the blade itself will act as a stop or abutment for one end of the blank; the
heading die will be operated to form the required head at the other end of the
rivet, the heading die will then move back, the plunger will move forward to push
the finished rivet from the plate and will afterwards move back into its original
position, the shear blade and plunger will rise to permit of the insertion of a fresh
length of metal rod, and the heading die will move forward through a portion of
its forward stroke and assume a position in which it will again act as a stop, these
operations being repeated during the working of the machine.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation,
Fig. 2 a plan, and
Fig. 3 an end elevation of machinery or apparatus constructed according to my

page_text: Figs. 4 to 12 inclusive are views, drawn to an enlarged scale, shewing details of
construction hereinafter described.
The remaining figures are hereinafter referred to.
A is the frame of the machine provided with bearings for the main shaft B on
which is fixed a gear wheel B driven by a pinion B². C represents the head of
the machine in which are situated movable and fixed plates D, D' respectively, to
serve as a holder, and a slide E carrying a block E' and two plungers E². The
plate D carries a perforated shear blade D. The plate D' is fixed to a horizontally
adjustable plate D° by means of which its position can be readily varied to suit
requirement. F is a slide block that carries a heading die G adapted to head two
rivet blanks simultaneously; it is caused to reciprocate with an intermittent motion
as hereinafter described. Upon the main shaft B are mounted a pair of cams H, H¹,
shewn to an enlarged scale in Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7. One of these cams viz. H, is
adapted to act on one arm of a bent lever I which communicates motion through
links I, cross-piece 12, and rods 13, adjustably connected together, to a vertically
movable cross piece I which carries the movable plate D and shear blade, and
slides in suitable guide ways in the head pieces C. The cam H₁ acts on a lever J
which, through the connecting rods J', communicates motion to a bell crank lever J2
which is coupled with the slide block F by a connecting rod J³. These cams H, H',
are lubricated by dipping into an oil trough A' supported beneath them. K is a
lever pivoted at K₁ and arranged to be acted on by pins L and L' alternately;
these pins are secured to toothed wheels L2 L³ respectively, the pin L serving to
move the lower end of the lever to the left, and the pin L' to restore it to its
original position after being so moved. This lever K serves, through the medium
of the link M, lever arm M', rock shaft M2, lever arm M³, and links N to operate
the slide E. The movable plate D, the shear blade D*, the slide E, and the lever
arms M', M³, shaft M², and links N are mounted upon the vertically sliding cross
piece I which is operated from the lever I as before stated, this vertical motion
being permitted by the joints or pivots of the levers and links connected therewith.
The slide E works through a guide E3 (Figs. 11 and 12) secured to the cross
piece I', the number of plungers E2 carried thereby corresponding to the number
of rivets to be made at one time. OO are nozzles through which cold water can
be sprayed on to the plates D, D' to keep the same cool.
The
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The parts being in the positions
shewn in Fig. 1, two metal rods 1 of suitable diameter to produce the required rivets
and heated to a suitable temperature, are inserted horizontally between the movable
and fixed plates D D₁ and caused to bear against the heading die G.
machine being then operated by the gear wheels B1 B2, the main shaft B is rotated
and the cams H, H', which are then in the positions shewn in Figs. 4 and 7,
are caused to act on the levers I J respectively.
These cams are formed and arranged as shewn so that in the operation of the
machine, H' first acts upon and partly raises the end of the lever J in contact
therewith into the position shewn in Fig. 5 and thereby, through the connecting
pieces J, J, J³, moves the slide block forward and pushes back the metal rods
until only. the proper length of each rod projects beyond the fixed plate D'. As
will be seen the cam H' is so shaped that the lever J now remains stationary for
a short time, while the end of the lever I is rapidly raised by the cam H, into
the position shewn in Fig. 5, and through the connecting parts I¹ I³ and I³, draws
down the cross piece I and the shear blade D* and plate D. The shear blade
first shears a blank from the end of each of the rods (see Figs. 8 and 9) and the
plate D then takes up a position in which it holds the blanks between its recessed
parts D and the correspondingly recessed parts of the fixed plate D', the plungers E²,
which normally just extend through the boles D2 at the back of the recesses D
serving to prevent rearward movement of the blanks. The parts having now
reached the position shewn in Fig. 5, the lever I remains stationary whilst the
circular portion H2 of the cam H moves under and in contact therewith. Whilst
this is taking place the end of the lever J is further raised by the eccentric

page_text: portion H³ of the cam H' so as to cause the slide block F to complete its move-
ment to the left and compress the blanks between the die G and the plungers E*
thus forming a head on each blank. The parts being then in the positions shewn
in Fig. 6 a further slight rotation of the shaft B causes the edge H* of the
cam H to leave the end of the lever J which, under the influence of a counter-
weight Q, falls, thereby causing the slide block F to be quickly drawn back
into its original position. The cam H then allows the end of the lever I in
contact therewith to descend thereby permitting the cross piece I with the
plate D, shear blade D* and slide to rise under the influence of a counter-
weight Q. At the commencement of this upward movement of the plate D, the
pin L on the toothed wheel L2, acts against the lever K (see Fig. 1) and moves
the same quickly to the left thereby causing the plungers E² to move forward and
push the rivets from between the plates D D. The lever K is then moved back by
the action of the pin L' on the other side thereof, and the plungers are thus again
brought into their retired positions. Cooling water is then inmediately discharged
through the nozzles O on to the plates D D by the action of the pin L on the end
of one arm of a lever P the other arm of which then raises a link P2 and opens
a cock O' for a short time, the said link being moved downward by a spring P³, to
close the cock, when the pin L passes the end of the lever P. The rivets as they
fall from between the plates, pass into a chute R (Fig. 10), the bottom of which is
perforated to allow the water to drain away into a duct or channel R¹ while the
rivets pass on and are discharged from the machine.
Instead of using two plates D, D', I may use a single fixed plate D¹, as shown
in Figs. 14 and 15, formed with holes D³. In this case the shear blade D* is
formed with two sets of holes one of which viz. D2, serves to receive the
plungers E2 (Figs. 11 and 12) and the other set viz. D4, serves, when in line
with the holes D³, for the passage of the heated metal rods through the two
plates, and the cam H is made of the form shown in Fig. 13. A flaring or
bell-mouth guide S is secured around each hole D to facilitate the insertion
therethrough of a metal rod. By the action of the cam H (Figure 13) the shear
blade D is, during the working of the machine, moved downwards from its raised
position shown in Fig. 14, so as to thereby shear the metal rod and bringing the
plungers E2 in line with the holes in the plate D'. The rivet blanks are then
headed as before, and when this has been done the said plungers E2 move forward
and push the rivets clear of the plates, after which the shear blade is moved by the
counterweight Q' into its raised position.
Figures 16 to 18 inclusive illustrate another modification in which the fixed
plate D and the shear blade D* are each formed with holes as in the preceding
example, and the shear blade is made to serve as an abutment, instead of the
plungers E, to support the blanks whilst being headed. This result is attained by:
forming the cam H as shown in Figure 16, the shear blade being suitably
strengthened by brackets S¹ formed on or secured to the cross piece 14. In this
case the shear blade first descends under the action of the cam H until it has
sheared the metal rod and comes into the position shown in Figure 17. It is then
held stationary whilst the circular portion H2 of the cam H rotates in contact with
the lever I during which time the heading die G moves forward as before and forms
the heads on the metal blanks. When this is done the shear blade continues its
downward movement by the action of the part H of the said cam on the lever I
until the plungers E2 come in line with the rivets in which position it will be held
by the circular portion H of the cam whilst the said plungers move forward and
push the rivets out of the holes in the plate D', the die G having been previously
moved back.
The adjustment of the parts for the production of rivets of different sizes is
effected by removing the plates D, D' or plate D¹ and substituting therefor plates
or a plate having holes or recesses of a size corresponding with the diameter and
length of the required rivets, and by varying the travel of the heading die and
plungers. The movement of the slide block F may conveniently be varied by

page_text: inserting the connecting pin J* of the link J¹ into one or other of the holes T
provided as shown in the longer arm of the bell crank lever J2, the link J' being
provided with an adjusting device T¹ by which the length of the same may be
varied. The stroke of the slide E may conveniently be varied by shifting the pin
of the link M in the slot formed for this purpose in the extremity of the lever M¹
shown in Fig. 1, and adjusting the length of the link M by means of the
coupling M.
In the modified construction of machine shown in Figs. 19 and 20, the lever J is,
in order to obtain greater strength, pivotted to a bracket Q that projects outwardly
from the end of the machine instead of upwardly from the upper part of the same
as in the construction shown in Fig. 1, and the counterweight Q is secured to an
arm J projecting from the said lever.
Instead of connecting the slide block directly to the connecting rod J³ so as
to be reciprocated in both directions by this rod as in the arrangement shown
in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the construction shown in Fig. 19 may be adopted which
is one commonly adopted in analogous machines and is not herein separately
claimed as part of my present invention. In this arrangement the rod J³
normally acts against a tumbler V arranged within a recess in the slide block F
and fixed upon a shaft V₁ carried by the said slide block F and provided with
Into a recess F2 in the under side of the slide block F takes the
upper end of one arm U of a bell crank lever, the other arm U¹ of which
carries a weight U2. The arrangement is such that during the operation of
the machine the slide block F is moved to the left, to effect the heading
operation, by the rod J³ as before, but the return movement is effected by the
lever U U₁ and weight U2 when the rod J³ retires. By rotating the tumbler V
into its vertical position by means of the handle V2, a space is formed between
the tumbler and the end of the rod J³ that will permit of the slide block F
being moved back to the extent of the length of this space by the lever U U¹
and weight U2. By this means the slide block can be moved independently of
the rod when necessary as well understood.
To obviate the use of a bent lever I and cross piece 12 as in Fig. 2 the machine
shewn in Figs. 19 and 20 is provided at each side thereof with a straight lever I
connected at one end by a link I and screw I³ with the cross piece 1* and acted on
at its other end by a cam H, the two cams H employed in this case being like one
or other of the cams H herein before described. The upward movement of the said
cross piece I by the counterweight Q', is limited by a pair of adjustable stops or
screws X. The shaft M² is mounted in an enlarged bracket M' which, during the
vertical movement of the cross piece I to which it is bolted, slides against the end
of the frame of the machine and is thus better able to withstand the bending strain
to which it is subjected.
Although I have hereinbefore described the operation of my machine with
reference to the manufacture of two rivets at a time, it is obvious that one rivet, or
more than two rivets can be made at a time, the operations being the same as
hereinbefore described, but the number of plungers and the form of the plates and
heading dies used being suitably modified. When making small rivets, the metal
rod need not be heated; the means described for spraying cooling water upon the
plates D, D' can then be dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A machine or apparatus for making rivets and the like, comprising a fixed
perforated plate, to serve as a holder, or a divided plate the lower portion of which
is fixed, a shear blade arranged to work in conjunction with the perforated or
divided plate, a heading die having a double or step forward movement, a plunger
arranged to work through the perforated or divided plate to remove a headed rivet
therefrom, and means for actuating the said shear blade, heading die and plunger,

page_text: these parts being arranged and operating substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described for the purposes specified.
2. My improved machine or apparatus for making rivets and the like, con-
structed arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to and shewn in Figs. 1 to 12, or modified according to Figs. 13, 14,
and 15, or to Figs. 16, 17 and 18, or to Fig. 19, or to Fig. 20, of the accompanying
drawings for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 21st day of August 1891.
WALTER SKAIFE.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.