IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURER OF CRUCIBLES AND OTHER REFRACTORY ARTICLES OR VESSELS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Waiter Vaughan Morgan, of Cannon Street,
in the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURER OF CRUCIBLES AND OTHER REFRACTORY ARTICLES
OR VESSELS." A communication from abread by John L. Hall, and
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Vaughan
Morgan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd June 1869.
I, WALTER VAUGHAN MORGAN, of Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRUCIBLES AND, OTHER REFRACTORY
ARTICLES OR VESSELS," a cominunication to me from abroad by John L..
Hall and James Vaughan Morgan, both of Montreal, Canada, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of pure alumina either by itself or
as the main element in such articles of commerce as are to be subject
to a high heat, or used in the practice of chemistry, or in the application
of chemistry to the arts.

page_text: The object of this Invention is to produce better and cheaper
crucibles or other refractory articles to be used in metallurgic operations,
and also to produce better and cheaper porcelain articles or ware to be
used in the practice of chemistry than either of those now in use.
This object 1 accomplish by substituting pure alumina for the expensive
black lead now used in the manufacture of crucibles and for the silicate
and silicate of alumina now used in the manufacture of porcelain
chemical ware. The pure alumina is much cheaper and more
refractory than the black lead used in the manufacture of crucibles, and
much moro refractory, and less subject to chemical action than the
silicate or silicate of alumina usod in the manufacture of the aforesaid
chemical ware. The pure alumina is proposed to be used in the com-
position of crucibles in the place of the black lead, silicate, or burned
clay used in the ordinary process of manufacturing refractory articles of
this class.
In the manufacture of melting pots or crucibles for fusing steel the
pure alumina is proposed to be used in the place of graphite or black
lead, and worked as in the ordinary process with the smallest amount of
refractory fire-clay requisite to enable the manufacturer to shape the
vessel and give it the necessary strength when burned. To make the
vessel very refractory however, as little clay should be used as possible,
but in some cases a mixture of a portion of black lead with the
afore-mentioned material may be used.
Porcelain crucibles, evaporating
dishes, and othor articles of that nature may be made also by the use of
pure alumina with a little porcelain clay worked together in the
ordinary manner. The vessols composed of this mixture will be very
strong, very refractory, and very little subject to chemical action. Pure
alumina may also be used either by itself or mixed with fire-clay for
the purpose of lining black lead or other crucibles, or as a lining for any
receptacle in which iron, steel, or other metal is subjected to a high heat.
Pure alumina may also be used in the manufacture of tiles or bricks of
any shape to be used as a lining, or in the construction of furnaces for
smelting, melting, or reducing ores or metals, or for other purposes
where high heat is necessary.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.
filed by the said Walter Vaughan Morgan in the Great Seal Patent.
Office on the 3rd December 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
VAUGHAN MORGAN, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year of our Lord
Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Hler heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Walter Vaughan Morgan, Her special license that I,
the said Walter Vaughan Morgan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Walter Vaughan Morgan,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for. "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRUCIBLES AND OTHER REFRACTORY ARTICLES
OR VESSELS," a communication from abroad by John L. Hall, and James
Vaughan Morgan, both of Montreal, Canada, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Walter Vaughan Morgan, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Vaughan Morgan, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is te be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
The said Invention consists in the use of pure alumina either by itself
or as the main element in such articles of commerce as are to be
subjected to a high degree of heat, or used in the practice of chemistry,
or in the application of chemistry to the arts.
The object of this Invention is to produce better and cheaper crucibles

page_text: or other refractory articles to be used in metallurgic operations, and also
to produce bettor and cheaper porcelain articles or ware to be used in
the practice of chemistry than either of those now in use. This object 1
accomplish by substituting pure alumina for the expensive black lead
now used in the manufacture of crucibles and for the silicate and
silicate of alumina now used in the manufacture of porcelain chemical
ware. The pure alumina is much cheaper and more refractory than the
black lead used in the manufacture of crucibles, and much more re-
fractory, and less subject to chemical action than the silicate or silicato
of alumina used in the manufacture of the aforesaid chemical ware.
The pure alumina is proposed to be used in the composition of crucibles
in the place of the black lead, silicate, or burned clay used in the
ordinary process of maufacturing refractory articles of this class.
In the manufacture of melting pots or crucibles for fusing steel the
pure alumina is proposed to be used in the place of graphite or black
lead, and worked as in the ordinary process with the smallest amount of
refractory fire-clay requisite to enable the manufacturer to shape the
vessel and give it the necessary strength when burned. To make the
vessel very refractory, however, as little clay should be used as possible,
but in some cases a mixture of a portion of black lead with the afore-
mentioned material may be used. Porcelain crucibles. evaporating
dishes, and other articles of that nature may be made also by the use of
a pure alumina with a little porcelain clay worked together in the
ordinary manner. The vessels composed of this mixture will be very
strong, very refractory, and very little subject to chemical action. Pure
alumina may also be used either by itself or mixed with fire-clay for
the purpose of lining black lead or other crucibles, or as a lining for any
receptacle in which iron, steel, or other metal is subjected to a high
degree of heat. Pure alumina may also be used in the manufacture of
tiles or bricks of any shape to be used as a lining, or in the construction
of furnaces for smeiting, melting, or reducing ores or metals, or for other
purposes where a high degree of heat is necessary.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
the said Invention, and the manner in which the samo is or may be
used or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
manufacture of crucibles, chemical porcelain ware, bricks, tiles, linings

page_text: for furnaces or crucibles, and other articles which are to be subjected to
a high degree of heat in the processes of smelting, reducing, and melting
ores or metals, or for other purposes, composed either wholly of pure
alumina or of pure alumina in combination with other substances.
In witness whereof I, the said Walter Vaughan Morgan, have to
this my Specification set my hand and seal, this First day of
December One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
W. VAUGHAN MORGAN. (L.S.)