IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CLAMPING WINDOW SASHES OR FRAMES PREPARATORY TO BORING AND PINNING THEM
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Gardner, of the Firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Flect Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR CLAMPING WINDOW SASHES OR FRAMES PREPARATORY TO
BORING AND PINNING THEM "-A communication from abroad by
William Abercrombie, of the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Dominion
of Canada.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1875.
I, HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR CLAMPING WINDOW SASHES OR FRAMES PREPARATORY TO BORING
AND PINNING THEM," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to provide
a
simple, cheap, and

page_text: substantial clamp by which the sides of window sashes or frames may
be clamped or compressed, and the joints closed firmly together and
held in place while the boring and pinning is being completed, and
consists in the combination of a stationary cross piece or bearer provided
with two clamps, and a movcable cross piece or bearer also provided
with two clamps, and of a draw bar and two levers arranged in such a
manner that the depression of one of the levers causes the other one to
operate the draw bar and draw the movable cross piece or bearer at
one end of the frame towards the stationary cross piece or bearer at the
opposite end of the frame, the purport being to cramp or compress the
sides of a window sash preparatory to boring and pinning it.
The Invention further consists in the combination of a clamp and a
rectangular or otherwise suitably shaped plate provided with two studs,
the object of this part of the Invention being to receive. the corners of
the sash and to distribute the pressure equally on all sides of it.
The Invention further consists in the combination of the two cross
pieces or bearers and clamps with two right and left hand screws by
which the clamps can be readily adjusted in and out on the cross pieces
or bearers to suit the width of the sash. The right and left hand screws
when not desired can be dispensed with, and the clamp can be moved
in and out by hand
The Invention further consists in the combination of the cross pieces
or bearers and clamps with a rule or measure secured to or stamped or
otherwise compressed on the beams of the frame and cross pieces or
bearers to show the distance between the clamps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Gardner in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 7th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, HENRY
GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, 3
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Gardner, Her special license
that I, the said Henry Gardner, my exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR CLAMPING WINDOW SASHES OR FRAMES PREPARATORY TO BORING
AND PINNING THEM," (communicated to me from abroad by William
Abercrombie, of the City of Hamilton, Dominion of Canada,) upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Gardner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say.
-
The object of the Invention is to provide a simple, cheap, and
substantial clamp, by which the sides of window sashes may be clamped
or compressed, and the joints closed firmly together and held in place
while the boring and pinning are being completed, and consists in the
combination of a stationary cross piece or bearer provided with two
clamps, and a movable cross piece or bearer also provided with two
clamps, and of a draw bar and two levers arranged in such a manner
that the depression of one of the levers causes the other one to operate
the draw bar and draw the movable cross piece or bearer at one end of
the frame towards the stationary cross piece or bearer at the opposite
end of the frame, the purpose being to cramp or compress the sides of a
window sash preparatory to boring and pinning it.
The Invention further consists in the combination of a clamp and a
rectangular or otherwise suitably shaped plate provided with two studs,

page_text: the object of this part of my Invention being to receive the corners of
the sash and to distribute the pressure equally on all sides of it
The Invention further consists in the combination of the two cross
pieces or bearers and clamps with two right and left hand screws by
which the clamps can be readily adjusted in and out on the cross pieces
or bearers to suit the width of the sash. The right and left hand screws
when not required can be dispensed with, and the clamp can be moved
in and out by hand.
The Invention further consists in the combination of the cross pieces
or bearers and clamps with a rule or measure secured to or stamped or 1
otherwise impressed on the beams of the frame and cross pieces or bearers
to show the distance between the clamps.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine without the right and¯
left hand screws and the pieces W, W.
Figure 2 is a back plan view of the machine, Figure 3 is a longi- 1
tudinal section view of the same.
Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the cross pieces or
bearers with clamps and right and left hand screws.
Figure 5 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the clamps which
receive the corners of the sash for compression
Figures 6, 7, and 8 represent views of a clamping machine with screw
rods, one with a continuous thread for operating the back cross piece,
and other rods with right and left screw threads on each to actuate and
adjust the clamping irons.
2
Figures 9 and 10 are detached views of a clamping iron and sliding 2
plate, in which the clamp or corner iron can swivel upon a pin and be
guided by a ring projection riding in a ring groove in the slide plate to
take the strain of the clamp, which would otherwise be upon the centre
pin only. The clamping irons C could each be moved in and out in the
bearers, and held in position by a separate hand screw secured to the 3
ends of the bearers, but as they could not in this way be so quickly
adjusted I prefer to use the right and left hand screw. The lower
plate II of the adjustable clamping iron K, as in Figure 11, may be of
any suitable construction that will hold it to the bearer, and allow of it
being adjusted in and out on the latter by the right and left hand screw,

page_text: as for instance, the plate H may be made without flanges, and provided
with a dovetail on its under side, through which the female screw 6ª is
formed, and which fits and moves in a correspondingly formed access in
the bearer, as shown in Figure 6 of the Drawing. The dovetail serves
to hold the plate to the bearer, and as a guide in adjusting it in and out
with the screw. When the plate II is constructed without flanges the
bearers D and E should be constructed without the rabbet e¹ and
recess e². The upright e, e, e, e, bars f, f, cross bars b and c, and
beams d, d, constitute the frame A, which should be substantially built,
so as not to be easy to be got out of squaro.
B, B, are plates made of cast iron or other suitable material, and
firmly secured to the inner side of the beams d, d, and having near their
upper edge a longitudinal groove t, t, D is a stationary cross piece
firmly bolted across the front end of the beams d, d, and at right anglo
to the groove t, t.
Across the middle of its upper side are secured two
pieces 9, 9, which clasp its outer edge; their inner ends project past the
cross piece at a suitable distance apart, forming lugs provided with holes
through which the bolt passes that forms the fulcrum of the lever F.
E is a movable cross piece that extends across the beams d, d, parallel
to the stationary cross piece D, and rests on the slides S, S, to which it is
firmly bolted; it has secured to the middle of its under side a plate h
made of cast iron or other suitable material provided with two down-
wardly projecting lugs m, m, at right angles to the cross piece, and at a
suitable distance apart to receive the draw bar C. The plate h has on
its under side between the lugs m, m, one or more downwardly pro-
jecting teeth. The cross pieces D and E have rabbets cut in their inner
edges II is a clamp, the toe of which is provided with the flange n
which fits the rabbet cut in the cross piece D or E, and the heel of
which has the thumbscrew o, by which the clamp is held in place. The
plate K provided with two studs 7, 7, 1s pivoted near the outer corner
of the clamp H. The clamp II and plate K. should be made of cast iron
or other suitable materal. Each of the cross pieces D and E is provided
with two of the clamps with the plate K pivoted near their outer corner,
as described above.
•
C is a draw bar with a notched or tooth racked upper side, pivoted at
its forward end to the lever F, and passing back under the movable
cross piece E, and between the lugs m, m, of plate h, Figures 2 and 3.
The cross piece E is adjusted along the draw bar C at the required

page_text: and is secured to it at the desired distance from the stationary cross
piece D by means of the tooth or teeth that projects from the under side
of the plate h, locking into the teeth or notches formed on the upper
sido of the draw bar C, the latter being held up against the plate ⁄ by a
pin that passes through holes formed in the lugs m, m, and directly
below its under side.
P is a right and left hand screw, Figure 4, working in corresponding
female screws formed through the flanges n, n, of the clamps H, II.
The screw has a shoulder formed on both ends, and is held by the
*pieces W, W (or other suitable manner), secured to the ends of the cross
piece or bearer, the shoulders resting against the pieces W, W, to
prevent lateral-motion. Each of the cross pieces D and E is provided
with the right and left hand screw P, which is operated by a-winch-or
other suitable manner and serves to adjust the clamps H, II, in and out
on the cross pieces to suit the width of the sash to be clamped.
S, S, are slides made of cast iron or other suitable material, and
firmly bolted across the under side of the movable cross piece E, the
outer edge of each bemg at right angles to the inner edge of the latter,
and forming a tongue that operates in the groove t, t, of the plates B, B,
(or the tongues may be formed on the plates B, B, and the grooves in
the slides S, S,). The tongues of the slides S, S, should fit closcly back
into the grooves to prevent any lateral motion. The bolt holes in the
slides S, S, are elongated to allow the necessary adjustment. F is a
perpendicular lover, the upper end of which is held between the
pieces g, g, by a bolt on which it works or has its fulcrum; it passes
through the mortice x in the lever U, and its lower end is curved
inward. U is a lever that has its fulcrum in the roller R; the latter
operates in the bars f, f, of the frame A. At a suitable distance from its
fulcrum it has a mortice x through which the lever F passes. The said
mortice is provided with a friction roller p that operates against the
inner edge of the lever F.
L is a rack bar pivotted near the upper end to the cross bar 6 of the
form A; it is provided with a handle, and serves to lock the lever U
when depressed. Y is a draw rod that hooks from the under side into
the fork of the draw bar C, and passes back under the latter and through

page_text: with the draw rod y are one or more coiled or other suitable springs Q
arranged to press against the inside of a nut or other suitable head on
the outer end of the draw rod y and against the outer side of the cross
bar c
V, V, V, V, arc scales or measures secured to or stamped or otherwiso
impressed on the cross pieces D and E, and the beams d, d, of tho
frame A to show the distance between the clamps, and to facilitate the
adjustment of the clamps and cross pieces to suit the different sizes of
sashes.
I do not wish to confine myself to the exactly described methods of
attaching the several parts of the machine together, as it is evident that
they may be attached differently and answer the same purpose, for
instance, the lever I might have a forked upper end between which one of
the pieces y could be bolted, or the draw bar c might be held up between
the lugs m, m, of the plate by an excentric clamp which would answer
the same purpose, but I prefer connecting the several parts of the
g
machine as I have described.
To operate this Invention secure the cross piece E to the draw bar C
at the desired distance from the stationary cross picce D by locking the
tooth or teeth formed on the under side of the plate into the teeth on
the upper side of the draw bar C, adjust the clamps H, I, H, H, on
the cross piece D and E, which may be done by hand or by means of
the right and left hand screws P, P, so that they will fit the sash and
tighten the thumbscrews o, o, o, o, to hold them in position. Place the
sash upon the machine, permitting the corners to rest upon the plates
K, K, K, K, between the studs r, 1. Depress the lever U with the foot
until the sash is compressed effectually, and push the lever U into a
notch in the rack bar L. The plates K, K, K, K, being on pivots the
pressure of the studs ", ", is equal on all sides of the sash, and the
studs, r, hold the sash perfectly square. While held in this manner
the sash may be readily bored and pinned. The depression of the lever U
operates the lever F, draw bar C, and draw rod Y, drawing the movable
cross piece E forward and compressing the spring Q, when upon releasing
the lever U from the rack bar L the spring Q will extend, and by
operating the draw rod Y will elevate the lever U and draw the cross
piece E back to its original position.

page_text: Having thus described the said Invention, what I claim and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is,-
First. The construction and arrangement of parts of apparatus for
window sash and frame clamping purposes, as described, and as shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The combination of the frame A, levers U and F, rack bar
L, draw bar C, draw rod Y, spring Q, cross picces D and E, pieces g, I,
and clamps H, H, H, H, as and for the purpose herein-before specified.
Thirdly. The clamp H provided with the flange n and thumbscrew o
in combination with the plate K provided with the studs ", ", as and for 1
the purpose herein-before specified.
Fourthly. The combination of the cross pieces D and E, clamps II, H,
H, I, right and left hand screws P, P, and rule-or measure _V, V, as
and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Gardner, have hereunto set ]
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.