matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOD AND OTHER TYPES OR SUBSTITUTES THEREFOR, AND ALSO IN THE MATRIX OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitfield Harland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
June 1861.
I, JOHN WHITFIELD HARLAND, of Chorlton-on Medlock, near the City of
Manchester, Artist and Engraver on Wood, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF WOOD AND OTHER TYPES OR SUBSTITUTES THEREFOR, AND ALSO IN THE MATRIX
OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My first improvement relates to the material of which the types are to be
formed. I take paper (or the pulp of which paper is made), horn raspings
or shavings, bone dust, wood shavings or sawdust of the same, or other
substances in a state of comminution. A quantity of one or more of the
above substances being provided, I saturate it with size, or fish glue, or
other suitable cement. The material thus prepared is next pressed into
a matrix of a form to give it the shape of the type required. Mechanical
pressure is next applied, which must be sufficiently great to make the
material take accurately the shape of the matrix. This operation being
performed, the type is removed from the matrix, and after being dried is, if
necessary, reduced to the correct size for being used in the printing press.
My second improvement relates to the matrices or dies in which the com-
position or material is to be moulded into the form of the type required. I
provide a metallic plate (which I prefer to be of cast iron), the upper surface
of which is to be made accurately flat; on this surface I trace the outline
of the type to be produced. On all sides of the outline I place pieces of

page_text: steel or other metal of the requisite forms, so as to enclose on every side the
outline before mentioned; the edges of these pieces of metal are then tapered,
after which they are firmly attached to the plate before mentioned by means
of rivets or otherwise. The blank or white parts of the letter or type are
produced by pieces of metal attached to the plate in the same manner. By
this means I am enabled to produce the matrices without having recourse to
the usual expensive process of die cutting.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS FOR DOUBLING FRAMES AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Buckley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 20th May
1861.
I, GEORGE BUCKLEY, of Salford, in tho County of Lancaster, Commercial
Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS FOR DOUBLING FRAMES AND OTHER
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
In constructing rollers it has heretofore been customary after the body
has been forged to turn it in a lathe, and then either to cast a brass covering
on, or to drive on a brazed brass tube, this covering being afterwards turned
Now, according to my improvements, the body of the roller. requires
no turning, consequently there is a saving in the weight of iron used, and the
hard scaly surface being left on makes the roller stronger than when turned.
Having made the roller ready for covering, a piece of seamless brass or other
metal tube is obtained, the internal diameter of which is greater than the
roller; the roller is then inserted into this tube, and they are together drawn
through a steel die of the size the roller is required to be when covered; the
roller is then slided and finished. By this means the brass or other metal
covering is firmly put on and united with the iron body; there is also a con-
siderable saving in the materials and labour, and a hard homogeneous surface
is obtained. The rams and plungers of pumps and piston rods and other
articles may be covered in like manner.
A NEW METHOD OF PRODUCING SAND
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lancaster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1861.
I, JOHN LANCASTER, of Princes Street, Bedford Row, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
METHOD OF PRODUCING SAND," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce sand either coarse or fine,
according to the meshes through which in its manufacture it is desired to pass
it, from Thames ballast or gravel, from inland gravel, flint, or other similar
stone. This I propose to effect in the following manner :-I place the stone,
ballast, or gravel in a suitable machine for crushing, pulverizing, and washing
the same, after which it is to be sifted through sieves of various sized meshes,
according to the purpose for which sand thus produced may be required.
AN IMPROVED VALVE TO. REGULATE THE PASSAGE OF FLUIDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Russell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1861.
I, ROBERT RUSSELL, Brassfounder, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VALVE TO.
REGULATE THE PASSAGE OF FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention embraces a valvular arrangement suitable for various
purposes, whereby the flow of water is so directed that the pressure from the
inlet is made available for shutting off the supply. A valve seat is formed
above the outlet in the valve box or cylinder, & above the valve seat in
connection with the inlet; an orifice, the waterway of which is regulated by a
wedge end screw; this orifice communicates with a water port or channel,
which leads to a converge receptacle beneath the outlet; from the bottom of
this receptacle there is a small water passage, which may be closed or opened
at pleasure. To the spindle or valve rod two valves are attached, one with the
face towards the valve seat above the outlet, and the other with the face
towards the dished receptacle below the outlet. When the small water
passage from the receptacle for the accumulation of water below the main
outlet be open, the water passes away and relieves the face of the lower valve
from pressure; the water then acts with full force on the face of the top valve,
& depresses it below the main outlet, through which it flows uninterruptedly
until the water passage communicating with the dished receptacle be again
closed, the valves actuated by a ball and lever attached to the spindle or valve

page_text: rod are then raised, the water flows from the inlet through the port into the
receptacle below the main outlet, and acting on the face of the lower valve
presses the top valve firmly on its seat, and thus effectually precludes the
further flow of water. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATING THE CONDUCTING WIRES USED FOR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Hirsch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1861.
I, HERMANN HIRSCH, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and of Bridge
Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATING THE
CONDUCTING WIRES USED FOR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in insulating the conducting wires used for telegraphic
purposes by covering such wires with spun glass; when it is required to fill
up the interstices between the glass fibres I use resinous, tarry, or other
suitable material.
IMPROVE- KENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fidèle Joseph Wagon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1861.
I, FIDÈLE JOSEPH WAGON, of Issy, near Paris, in the Empire of France,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
KENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
Soap is made of many qualities, and sold at various prices, but the lowest
priced soap is still too dear for the poor. My researches have had for their
object the production of a soap capable of being used for all purposes for
which any of the soaps now made are employed, so low in price and good in
quality as to render its acquisition easy and profitable to the poorest.
I
propose to employ as base in the manufacture of my soap the earth known as
potters' clay, from the body or bulk of which I separate all matters that do
not properly belong to the clay, as they would be useless and hurtful to the
manufacture. I propose to combine or mix (as completely as possible) this
earth or clay with potash dissolved in water, in about the following proportion :-
Water, say, one quart; potash, about two ounces (troy weight). For household
and other ordinary purposes this simple preparation or combination will suffice,
but for personal (body) use, I add glycerine and the perfumes ordinarily mixed
into or with toilet soaps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON WINDOWS OR CASEMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Pierre at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June 1861.
I, LOUIS PIERRE, of Niort, in the Department of Deux Sèvres, in the
Empire of France, Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON WINDOWS OR
CASEMENTS," to be as follows:-
Iron windows or casements constructed on my system are impenetrable to
air or water; they may be made in every stile, and are applicable for iron
shop fronts, glass doors of houses, greenhouses, and other purposes. I fix
my framing on the opening to be closed in a small rabbet on both sides, letting
it in at the top, its two sides being adjusted to the sill. The sashes are fitted
to the framing by plates or fastenings, which fit on to round rods intended to
cover the joints. The two sides of the framing carry in their entire height
a return or small joint, which penetrating into a dovetail lined with a band of
caoutchouc, on which it presses, prevents any air or water penetrating by the
two sides. At the upper part of the framing, as also at the lower part of the
sill, is also fitted a dovetail lined with caoutchouc, which receiving a certain
pressure by the fastening or bolt (the hooks of which take into the rods)
hermetically closes the window. By employing my system more light will
also be obtained than is now done through a window of equal size.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cedric Rivett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1861.
I, JOSEPH CEDRIC RIVETT, of Prestolee New Mills, Farnworth, near the
City of Manchester, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to collect and remove the loose leaf and other
impurities or motes from the cotton or other fibrous materials during the
operation of carding. For this purpose I apply a dirt roller between the licker-
in and the ordinary workers and clearers or top flats, and this dirt roller
collects on its circumference the loose leaf motes and other impurities which
project from the main cylinder when taking the fibrous materials from the
licker-in to the working and clearing rollers or top flats. The surface of the
dirt roller is stripped or cleared by a vibrating comb or other equivalent agent,
and the short fibres with the impurities are collected in the form of a fleece on
a lap roller, placed in any convenient position in front of or above the feeding
apparatus. The axle of the waste lap roller is weighted or pressed against
antifriction rollers by springs, so as to consolidate the fleece, from which the
fibres are afterwards extracted by a subsequent operation for making an
inferior yarn.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Elce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1861.
J, THOMAS ELCE, the younger, of the Firm of Messieurs John Elce and
Company, of the City of Manchester, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
COMBING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to circular combing machines, and it consists in
an improved mode of constructing the feeding apparatus. It has hitherto been
customary to convey each sliver by which the machine is fed through a
separate guide spout; this mode of feeding is very objectionable, as the slivers
are liable to adhere together when near the guide spouts, and when such is
the case the feed is irregular, or the slivers are broken; each spout also
requires a separate weight and lifting pin.
Now, my Invention consists in dispensing with the guide spouts, and in
conveying the slivers to the combs over flat plates, each capable of guiding
twelve or other convenient number of slivers; by this means the machinery is
considerably simplified, and more even work is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Storer, Richard Jones, and
James Storer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th April 1861.
We, CHARLES STORER, RICHARD JONES, & JAMES STORER, all of Longford,
Parish of Foleshill, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES," to be as follows:-
We fit a longitudinal shaft to each carriage to which our system of brakes
is to be applied, such shafts being in position so that they can be connected to
each other end to end, and which we effect by a peculiar kind of coupling; the
one part of this consists of a fork-like piece jointed to one shaft, the forked
end of which is received in longitudinal grooves formed in the other part of
the coupling jointed to the adjoining shaft. This coupling slides freely
into and out of connection when the carriages are placed together or separated,
and while rigidly communicating torsion is free to afford the necessary play
between the carriages. On each shaft near the middle of the length of
the carriage I place a drum or barrel, and append chains thereto, by which I
suspend the free end of weighted levers disposed transversely to the carriage,
and extending nearly from side to side of the framing. These weighted levers
are connected with other levers carrying the friction surfaces of the brakes
applied to the peripheries of the wheels which are conveniently of a cranked
form for that purpose. The weighted levers, when liberated by the unwinding
of the chains from the barrel before-mentioned, act on the brake surfaces, and
apply themselves with a force commensurate with the weight applied and

page_text: the leverage produced by the combination of levers employed, and thereby
retards and stops the train. The brakes are removed from the wheels by
the guard, stoker, or other attendant by means of screw wheel or toothed
gearing, by which they can rotate the longitudinal shafts and raise the
weighted levers, having so raised them the gearing is held by a ratchet and
pawl or otherwise until such time as it is again desired to apply the brakes.
For this purpose the attendant simply detaches the pawl and allows the
shafting to run backwards, which it does by the gravitation of the weighted
levers, and so instantly applies the brakes with the whole force provided, and
this throughout the whole of the carriages of a train so fitted and furnished.
Other combinations of levers may of course be adopted than that described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brooks at the Office of
'the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1861.
I, EDWARD BROOKS, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wool Top Maker,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
"
My Invention consists in the adaptation to machinery for combing wool
and other fibrous substances of screw gill apparatus, which is .worked in
successive sets of fallers. These sets of fallers are carried forward in one and
the same set of screws by the rotation of the same, and are made to drop
from or pass out of the fibre by the usual tappet apparatus. By the employ-
ment of sets of fallers I have to employ separate. pairs of tappets to operate
upon the fallers comprised in each separate set or series. By this apparatus
one set of fallers may be made to traverse a certain distance by the rotation
of the screws, and then by the action of the tappets fall out of the wool or
other fibre; another set of fallers are then brought into action for a further
distance, and thus any number of sets of fallers which may be required may
be made to traverse in succession from one end of the screw to the other.
Each faller, after it has fallen-out of the fibre, is carried back, and again
brought into action upon the fibre in the usual manner. Each set of fallers
has teeth inserted of one uniform pitch; but of a different pitch to every other

page_text: set, so that the teeth of any set of fallers which is in advance of another set is
of a finer quality or pitch than the teeth of the set behind it. This apparatus
of sets of fallers working on one set of screws and with teeth of different
pitch is not new and original, but what I consider to be new and as my In-
vention, is the application of the same to purposes of combing wool and other
fibrous substances. My Invention is applicable to any combing machine in
which screw gills are used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Humphrys at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
May 1861.
I, EDWARD HUMPHкYS, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR STEAM VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the application of
hydraulic pressure on board steam vessels, and consists, first, in applying a
cylinder fitted with a piston or plunger so arranged as to cause the pressure of
water or other fluid on the piston or plunger to give motion to the valve gear-
ing in order that the stopping and starting of the engines of steam vessels may
be effected by such motion; second, the application of a cylinder fitted with
a piston or plunger so arranged as to cause the pressure of water or other
fluid on such piston or plunger to give motion to a rope or chain, whereby
the cargo of, or coal for a steam vessel may be hoisted in or out of such
vessel; and third, the application of a cylinder fitted with a piston or plunger
so arranged as to cause the pressure of water or other fluid on such
piston or plunger to give motion to the chain cables of steam vessels, so
that their anchors may be raised by such motion, and the cables worked
as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGUAL GOVERNORS FOR MARINE; AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES, AND OTHER MOTORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1861-A communication from abroad by Charles Talbot
Porter, of New York.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGUAL GOVERNORS FOR MARINE;
AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES, AND OTHER MOTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of the resistance of a spring, as a
counterpoise to the centrifugal force of the balls and arms of a centrifugal
governor, by which means such a governor is made capable of working in a
horizontal or other position, and for this reason will be found suitable for marine
engines. The improvement consists in combining the balls and arms with a
helical or other spring, so that in all positions of the balls and arms the
distance through which the spring is deflected shall bear a nearly constant
ratio to the radius of the circle described by the centre of gyration of the balls
and arms, thereby making the governor extremely sensitive to the slightest
variation in the speed of the engine. The balls are attached to jointed arms,
as in the ordinary vertical centrifugal governor, but the apparatus is placed in
a horizontal position. The helical spring is made to surround and enclose the
spindle of the governor, and by bearing against the sliding block to which the
inner ends of the jointed arms are connected, this spring will control the
action of the balls.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCIL CASES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1861.
I, JOSEPH BAKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCIL CASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the lead-holder of ever-pointed pencil
cases hollow from end to end, and also making the pencil case open at its
top, by which construction the introduction of a fresh lead is facilitated, it
only being necessary in inserting a fresh lead to press the end of the lead into
the lead-holder as though the said holder were empty. The short piece of
lead in the holder is thereby pushed out of the top of the holder, and passes
out at the top of the pencil case. I make the lead-holder of a piece of slit
or unsoldered tube, and I make on the outside of the said tube the teeth
which engage in the screw on the inside of the body, and by which the lead-
holder is propelled.
By my Invention the trouble of removing the short piece of lead left or
broken in the lead-holder before a fresh lead can be inserted is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANEROID BAROMETERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pitkin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November 1861.
I, JAMES PITKIN, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Philo-
sophical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANEROID BAROMETERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in "jewelling" the axes of the working parts of the
mechanism of aneroid barometers, and in inserting jewelling in the hole
tbrough which the spindle which carries the needle passes, so that the spindle
shall be entirely surrounded by the ruby or other stone of which the jewelling
is composed. And for the protection of the glass of portable aneroid
barometers I apply a spring cover similar to the cover of a watch.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN JOINTING OR CONNECTING PIPES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Maclaren at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1861.
I, ROBERT MACLAREN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN JOINTING OR CONNECTING PIPES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for object the jointing or connecting of pipes in an
improved and simplified manner; and in practising the Invention the pipe
lengths are formed with the ordinary spigot and faucet, and are turned, the
latter internally, and the former externally, as is now commonly practised..
In addition, however, there is formed a groove upon the turned part of the
spigot running round it, and when the pipe lengths are to be connected,.
rubber, hemp, or other compressible packing is placed in this groove in such a
way as, when free, to project slightly above the turned surface. Then, when.
the spigot is driven home into its faucet the rubber or other packing becomes
compressed and renders the joint perfectly tight. The groove may be at the
extreme end of the spigot, and there may be two or more grooves similarly
packed at each joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PREPARATION OF PAPER, AND IN THE METHOD OF PRINTING AND OTHERWISE PREPARING THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Boyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1861.
I, JAMES EDWARD BOYD, of Hither Green, Lewisham, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PREPARATION OF PAPER, AND IN THE
METHOD OF PRINTING AND OTHERWISE PREPARING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The object I have in view is for the more facile method of cutting, sepa-
rating, or dividing the pages, sheets, or leaves of newspapers, pamphlets,
periodicals, magazines, catalogues, books, and other letter-press matter or
paper; this I claim to accomplish by piercing, incising, cutting, perforating,
indenting, or stamping, or otherwise dividing such pages, sheets, or leaves.
wholly or partially, by means of one or more apparatus, instruments, appli-
ances, or machinery necessary for that purpose, and so constructed, arranged,
placed, fixed, annexed, or attached on or to the printing press, machine,
cylinder, column matter, margin, or otherwise, that certain intended portions
of the paper on being made to come into contact with such perforating appa-
ratus or instrument will be incised, pierced, cut, divided, indented, or otherwise
perforated or stamped as aforesaid.
Should it not be found desirable to place the perforating apparatus in con-
nection with the letter-press column or margin of the type, or on to the press

page_text: or printing machine, so as to perforate the paper as it comes in contact with
the type, I claim to have the perforating machine or apparatus detached there-
from, and to prepare and perforate such paper either before going to press or
after it has passed through the letter press; and I likewise claim to perforate
the paper either in the course of its progress of manufacture or previous to
leaving the paper mill, or otherwise, either before the same is printed or sub-
sequently, and whether the perforation is accomplished before or subsequent to
the issue and publication of the same, further details of which I will give in
my Final Specification. I claim this Invention for all newspapers, pamphlets,
periodicals, magazines, catalogues, books, or other letter-press matter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELASTIC STEEL MATTRESSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Potts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August 1861.
I, GEORGE POTTS, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELASTIC STEEL
MATTRESSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for object the constructing of spring mattresses in such
a way as to have a more uniformly distributed action, and so as to be more
portable and otherwise convenient in use, together with other advantages.
In one modification of the improved elastic steel mattress a wooden frame is
used for the under side, and upon this there are fixed a number of double-cone
spiral springs, such as are ordinarily used. Upon and attached to the springs
there is arranged a framework made of thin flat steel bands, and comprising
an external frame connected by interlaced bands arranged by preference
diagonally. This system of interlaced steel bands provides for any pressure
applied to one part being distributed to and resisted by several springs, in
consequence of which lighter springs may be used.
In another modification both the upper and under frameworks are made of
thin steel bands, whereby still greater elasticity is imparted to the mattress.
In both modifications it is preferred to construct the mattress in detached
sections. A convenient size of section is one requiring, for example, three
sections to make an ordinarily sized single bed. The sides or vertical edge
faces of the sections are made quite square and complete by means of the

page_text: top and bottom frames, so that no space is left between two contiguous
sections when placed together. The sections are covered with ticking or
other material in the ordinary way, and when in use are covered by a light
comparatively thin bed or cushion.
The improved mattress is applicable for beds, cushions, and reclining or
supporting surfaces of various kinds. In some cases either the upper or under
framework may be made of round or other wire instead of flat bands.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN DOCTORS, CALICO WEBS, OR SCRAPERS USED IN THE PROCESS OF PRINTING CALICOS, MUSLINS, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Austin Crookes and Henry Roberts,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd February 1861.
We, AUSTIN CROOKES and HENRY ROBERTS, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Steel and Saw Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN DOCTORS, CALICO WEBS, OR SCRAPERS USED IN
THE PROCESS OF PRINTING CALICOS, MUSLINS, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
The improvement consists in coating steel or other metal doctors, calico
webs, or scrapers, with copper, silver, tin, or any other suitable metal, by
galvanic or other process, for the purpose of resisting the chemical action of
the colours employed in printing textile fabrics.
A SANDAL SLIPPER, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN TURKISH AND OTHER BATHS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Pollard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1861.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK POLLARD, of 26, Brompton Crescent, in the County
of Middlesex, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SANDAL SLIPPER,
PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN TURKISH AND OTHER BATHS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to form sandal slippers for Turkish and
other baths in such a manner and of such materials that they shall not only
feel lighter to the wearer than the clogs at present used, but by being
composed of materials which are non-conductors of heat, the feet are kept
cool while in the bath, dispensing with the heavy wooden clogs ordinarily
worn for such purpose. I propose employing a thin sole of cork or other
suitable non-conducting material, and covering the same with sail cloth,
canvass, or other suitable covering, I then place a flat band or strap across the
upper surface of the sole, the ends thereof being sewn or otherwise secured to
each side of the sole for the foot to pass under, thus securing the sandal slipper
to the sole of the foot.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FIXING LAC AND LAC VARNISHES UPON GLASS AND CERAMIC WARE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1861. A communication from abroad by Albert Constant Gallais,
of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FIXING LAC AND LAC VARNISHES UPON GLASS AND
CERAMIC WARE," (communicated to me from abroad by Albert Constant Gallais,
of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
Lac and lac varnishes, as hitherto applied to glass and ceramic ware have
been liable to crack and to peel off. The object of the present Invention is to
prevent this cracking and peeling, and it consists in spreading on the surface
of the glass, porcelain, or other ceramic ware, a coating or layer of paste, made
by preference with rye flour, and before the paste is dry in applying the lac or
lac varnish. The article thus treated is dried, by preference in a stove in
which the temperature is gradually raised to the degree required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN DRESSING LACE OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Budibent Carter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1861.
I, JOHN BUDIBENT CARTER, of Wilford Road, in the Town and County of
the Town of Nottingham, Lace Dresser, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN DRESSING LACE OR
OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the hand rollers used in dressing lace or other
fabrics, and consist of a roller having a pin at either end, which is free to revolve
in bearings secured to the ends or under side of a long box, which is hollow.
The bottom of the box is pierced with holes, and is provided inside with a false
bottom or slide, which is also pierced with holes, and is so arranged that the
portions of the false bottom which are not pierced shall cover the pierced
portions of the bottom of the box. The false slide is so arranged that it can be
placed in such wise that the holes in the bottom and the holes in the slide
shall coincide by being exactly over each other, and yet can be partially or
wholly opened or closed as required. From one side of the box near the
bottom a handle of any required length projects, this handle being hollow;
both it and the box are filled by means of a funnel at the end with what
is called the "dress," or "dressing," intended to be used, and when filled aro
secured by plugs or screws when the funnel is removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING RIBBONS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pratt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1861.
I, JOHN PRATT, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING RIBBONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in shuttles for weaving ribbons consists in
forming the shuttle for and disposing the bobbin or spool containing the weft
thread therein in a position behind the grooves, instead of in front, as here-
tofore, by which means I am enabled to introduce sufficient thread to weave
half a piece of ribbon, and about twelve times the quantity now introduced,
whereby I avoid an immense number of stoppages necessary according to the
usual mode of working. The spool or bobbin in place of being located in the
narrow angle of the shed, occupies a position in the wider opening, and
towards the reed, so that the bobbin or spool may be much longer than usual.
Ordinary shuttles consist of what I may term the straight body part, in which
the plank grooves are formed; from this a bow or front piece is extended,
which is thinner the farther it extends from the body, in order to fit & adapt
it to the angular part of the shed; between this bow part and the grooves the
quill or bobbin containing the weft thread is disposed, from which the thread
passes off through an eye in the middle of the bow part. In my improved
shuttles I retain the body part and grooves as before, as also the front bow

page_text: part, but which I project much less from the body part. I add another
bowed part at the back of the body, between which and the body or grooves I
dispose the bobbin on a suitable spindle or support. The thread is conducted
from the bobbin through an eye in the body, & another in the front bow,
where it emerges in same position as in the ordinary shuttle. Shuttles so
formed receive bobbins containing a great length of thread, as before explained,
and also balance and work very well. I work these shuttles by pins and pin
holes in the front bow as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF- ACTING MULES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lord and Joseph Hilton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 24th April 1861.
We, WILLIAM LORD, of Royton, near Oldham, Cotton Spinner, and JOSEPH
HILTON, of the same Place, Spinner, both in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-
ACTING MULES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to self-acting mules, and consists in giving a positive
motion to a self-acting drinder by means of an inclined plane and an adjust-
able rod and catch connected with the faller lever. The catch has upon it a
projection which rides upon the inclined plane, so that at a certain elevation,
or a certain part of the traverse of the carriage, the catch is lifted from the
ratchet wheel which gives motion to the quadrant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- -FACTURE OF SHEATHING METAL FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1861.
I, ALEXANDER PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
-FACTURE OF SHEATHING METAL FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS." to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
sheathing metal for ships and vessels, and consists in combining a very small
per-centage of tin or aluminium with sheathing metal composed of copper and
zinc. The proportions of the copper and zinc may be somewhat varied, but it
is preferred that the compound should roll hot, and that the proportions should
range between fifty parts of the best and purest copper which can be procured,
to fifty of the best and purest zinc, and sixty of copper to forty of zinc, and to
such proportions I add from a half per cent. to two per cent. of pure tin, or in
place thereof from a half per cent. to two per cent. of aluminium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
January 1861. A communication from abroad by Monsieur Main-
Guillon, of Fontenay-le-Comte, Vendée, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER," communicated to me from abroad by Monsieur Main-Guillon,
of Fontenay-le-Comte, Vendée, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
I propose by means of a steam engine, water wheel, or horse-power, to set
in motion a driving band and pullies.. One of these pullies will work a pump,
and the other will be fitted to toothed gearing, which, taking into the shaft of
a fly wheel, will serve to regulate the working of the pump. The pump will
drive water from a lower cistern into an upper one, from which it will run
into troughs in a bydraulic wheel, and by its weight set the wheel in motion,
and as the wheel turns the troughs will empty themselves into a conduit, which
will lead the water into the lower basin or cistern, from whence it will be
again driven by the pump to the upper one, and so on; and by these means,
where steam power is used, a great saving of fuel will be effected.
A NEW PROCESS FOR COLOURING SMOKING PIPES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Cretal at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1861.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE CRETAL, of Saint Malo, in the Empire of France, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW PROCESS
FOR COLOURING SMOKING PIPES," to be as follows :—
My improvement consists of coloring smoking pipes so as to give them
either the various tints and hues generally obtained by a protracted smoking,
or the appearance of amber pipes, or pipes known under the denomination of
"laves Françaises," (French lava). To this effect I dip them in a solution of
alcohol, cashoe, and aloes, and I then put them in an oven that can be heated
to 300 degrees Centigrade. To color the top of the pipe, or rather of its bowl,
I dip it in a solution of milk and caramel (burnt sugar); the so coloured pipes
I varnish with some karabe and expose them in an oven to a heat of 200
degrees Centigrade or thereabout. As the karabe varnish resists to a heat of
400 degrees Centigrade there is no fear of its being deteriorated however
quickly it may be smoked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING OR LESSENING THE SLIP OF THE DRIVING WHEELS OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Haslewood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1861. A communication from Samuel Thompson Armstrong and Jared
Wilson Post, of 181, Broadway, New York, in the United States of
America.
I, EDWARD HASLEWOOD, of 7, Lothbury, in the City of London, Stock-
broker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING OR LESSENING THE SLIP OF THE DRIVING WHEELS
OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," which has been communicated to me by Samuel
Thompson Armstrong and Jared Wilson Post, of 181, Broadway, New York,
in the United States of America, to be as herein explained and set forth.
The Invention has reference to that class or description of apparatus by the
use of which it has been sought to effect a more perfect bite or adhesion of
the wheels upon the rails by the application of an electric helix or coil applied
at or near to the lower portion of the periphery of the wheel, so that the
wheel may rotate within, but without touching the helix or coil, and become
converted into an electro-magnet. And the said Invention comprises the
following improvements, namely, the constructing such apparatus with the
helix or coil covered, in respect of the appearance it would present in elevation
or side view when applied to a wheel, so that the lower portion of the curve
might be disposed at or in proximity to the lowest portion of the wheel, that
is to say, where the wheel and rail are in contact, whereby it is intended to

page_text: obtain a maximum or an increased magnetic effect; also it comprises means
of adjustment for varying the position of the helix or coil; also means of
insulation of the helix or coil; also the "laying up
up" or constructing the
helix or coil by a continuous coil of copper or other wire from the bottom
to the top, and from the top to the bottom, as distinguished from the hitherto
method, which has been to coil from the bottom to the top, then cross the end,
and go back to the bottom, thereby crossing the ends at every layer of wire.
By this improvement is intended a great saving of power, by having less
resistance in the electric current, and gaining additional magnetic force. The
above improvements to be used in any of the combinations of which they are
conveniently susceptible.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PAPER TUBES, AND IN THE MEANS OR MACHINERY FOR MAKING OR MANU- FACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left-by-Charles Crabtree at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1861.
I, CHARLES CRABTREE, of Bingley, in the County of York, Paper Tube
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PAPER TUBES, AND IN THE MEANS OR MACHINERY FOR MAKING OR MANU-
FACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to paper tubes now employed in worsted spinning to
contain the yarn, and which are made or formed by rolling up suitable sized
sheets of paper, and pasting the laps or layers together. In the unwinding of
the yarn from such tubes in the process of weaving, it is found that the outer
corners of the laps. are sometimes not properly pasted or securely fastened
down, but project out and catch on the yarn or weft, which is thereby broken..
To remedy this, I cut off those corners of the paper before rolling it into tubes,"
and the means or apparatus which I adopt consists of a table with adjustable
guides or fences for setting or guiding a number or quantity of the sheets of
paper into proper position, so that a knife or knives or cutting instruments of
suitable shape, mounted in slide frames, and to which reciprocatory motion is
given or communicated by hand or power, will cut off the said corners to the
precise form and size required with great facility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR FORMING THE HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1861. A communication from abroad by E. T. Green, of Stoneham,
State of Massachusetts, America.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR FORMING THE HEELS OF BOOTS AND
SHOES," a communication, to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to a new method of forming, shaping, and giving an
elegant contour to the heels of boots and shoes when such heels have been
first attached to the soles. First, I place the boot or shoe (the last being
still within it) on a stand or rest capable of longitudinal and vertical adjust-
ment by means of screws. Above this stand, frame, or seat is mounted the
cutting apparatus, consisting of a heel made of hardened steel, and being of the
same plan or form as the bottom of the heel of the boot or shoe is intended
to be when completed; this heel of metal is also made to rise and fall as
required. This heel serves as a guide against which the knife is kept by a
spring. The knife is first formed to the exact curve of the boot heel, and is
fixed in a frame adjustable by screws so as to take different sized heels, and is
moved by a lever having its axis round the fixed spindle which supports the
boot heel. The action is as follows:-The boot or shoe is first placed within the
frame, and adjusted by means of the screws, so that the centre of the heel

page_text: may come exactly under the centre of the steel heel; this heel is now firmly
screwed down upon the boot heel, and the knife being actuated by the handle,
removes all the leather which projects outside the metallic heel, against which
the knife is kept by the spring. For more easily fixing the boot in the frame,
I make the upper part of the machine capable of being thrown back, and to 5
be securely fixed by the same motion which fixes the boot or shoe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bartholomew Brittain at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1861.
I, BARTHOLOMEW BRITTAIN, of Cowley Road, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
I propose to obtain power either by exhaustion or impulsion of air. In the
centre of a tube or cylinder (of any length or diameter) I place longitudinally
a rod or axle supported at both ends. On this rod I fix one, two, or any
number of volants or flyers. I exhaust the air from the cylinder by any of
the known processes, producing wholly or in part a vacuum beyond the flyers
or volants. The exhaust will cause the flyers (which may be made of metal
or any suitable material) to whirl round, and the axle consequently to rotate.
I expect the force on the volants will increase as the air impinges upon and
rushes past them in succession to the last, and so multiply, as it were, the
rotary force. Instead of exhausting the air, power may be obtained by forcing
air into and through the cylinder, but I prefer the exhaust as producing
greater power. The power, when obtained, may be applied in any of the
modes in use for applying steam or air power.