matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED TURNING AND BORING LATHE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Butterfield and John Butter-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1877.
"
FRANCIS BUTTERFIELD and JOHN BUTTERFIELD, of Keighley, in the County of
York, Machine Makers. A NEW OR IMPROVED TURNING AND BORING LATHE."
This Invention relates to a new or improved construction of lathe, by the use of
which we are enabled to turn or bore at the same time taper or conical articles with
great accuracy, and is specially adapted for turning and boring the plugs and
chambers of barrels of stop-cocks.
The lathe bed as of ordinary construction, and is provided with moveable head
centre, catch plate, spindle, and cone pullies. Parallel to the ordinary spindle is a
second one, carrying a "chuck," and also driven by cone pullies. The" plug" is
held by the catch plate and centre, and the chamber or barrel is fixed in the
"chuck." The cutting tools are mounted in compound slides, carried by a saddle
or turntable, which is capable of swivelling upon a stud or centre fixed to the slide
bed, which is worked by rack and pinion. By means of the saddle or turntable the
cutting tools can be cut to any angle to commence with, and will remain at the
same angle until the work is completed.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING YARN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Haddon and John Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1877.
WILLIAM HADDON, Worsted Spinner, and JOHN SMITH, Mill Manager, both of
"IMPROVE-
Luddenden Foot, in the Parish of Halifax, in the County of York.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING YARN."
In the machines of the class to which our Invention relates, that is to say, "cap
and cup frames," a hardened washer is placed upon the lifter rail, and which washer
is the bearing upon which the boss of the whirl or wharle rotates; in many
instances the boss drives the washer, causing the latter to rotate; but whether the
whirl or wharle and tube rotate upon the washer, or the latter rotates upon the
lifter rail, there is considerable friction and wear and tear.
The object of this our Invention is to dispense with the "washer" referred to,
and to substitute an appliance which will reduce the friction, wear and tear, and so
economize power.
We employ an inverted cup, by preference of steel; the cup is perforated for the
passage of the spindle, and when placed in position its rim bears upon the lifter
rail, and the under face of the boss of the whirl or wharle bears upon the top or
dome of the cup, there being less surface contact of the metallic parts, and so less
friction.
NEW OR IMPROVED FORM OR ARRANGEMENT OF BANK CHEQUE OR DRAFT FOR THE TRANSMISSION OR PAYMENT OF MONEY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Barclay Allardice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1877.
tr
"A
ROBERT BARCLAY ALLARDICE, of Rodney Lodge, Perth, North Britain.
NEW OR IMPROVED FORM OR ARRANGEMENT OF BANK CHEQUE OR DRAFT FOR
THE TRANSMISSION OR PAYMENT OF MONEY."
"
E
and,"
This Invention has for its object the simplification of the present form of or
method of filling up bank cheques, drafts, or bills of exchange, for ensuring greater
exactitude or less liability to error or fraud than heretofore; and the Invention
consists essentially in having the body of the cheques or drafts divided and printed
with ruled columns or divisions for number of thousands, hundreds, tens, or units
of pounds sterling, or fractions thereof. The words "thousand," "hundred,"
pounds," and "sterling," being primarily printed thereon, leaving blank divisions
or spaces between these for the number of thousands, hundreds, tens, units, or
fractions of pounds to be written in by the drawer or remitter; or where there are
no thousands, hundreds, tens, or units to be filled in, the space should be filled up
with a cross or cross line to guard against fraud or error. A correspondingly
divided belt or section of the cheque or draft is printed, preferably at its lower left-
hand corner, in which the figures only are to be subsequently filled to correspond
with the body of the cheque or draft.
The two forms shown will indicate the exact nature of the Invention.
Form No. 1 representing the cheque or draft with divisions and words which
require to be primarily printed on its face, and No. 2 represents the completed or
filled-up cheque or draft, the filling-up being done with red ink for greater clear-
ness, and representing a cheque value £1,358 10 6 sterling.
From the foregoing system it will be observed that the chances of error or fraud
are reduced to the minimum, as the figures must tally with the writing above,
while the method of filling-up cheques or drafts is thus rendered more simple and
systematic than heretofore.

page_text: It will be understood that the headings of the cheques or drafts may be printed
upon them in the usual way, the present Invention referring only to the body or
money livision part or arrangements, and for cheques or drafts for amounts of
£100,000 or upwards an additional money column or space may be prefixed to the
body part thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE WORKING OF SWINGS AND SEE-SAWS BY STEAM
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Walter Death at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1877.
ARTHUR WALTER DEATH, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE WORKING OF SWINGS AND SEE-SAWS BY
STEAM."
My Invention has for its object the working of swings and see-saws by steam,
thereby combining regularity of movement with safety of action. For this purpose
my Invention consists in the use of a steam engine connected with the reciprocating
beam of the apparatus by means of gear adapted to impart motion at the required
speed to the see-saw car suspended from each end of the said beam, and to the swing
suspended from the pivot of the same. The said beam is fixed on a horizontal shaft
or pivot mounted at each end on suitable vertical standards, the beam being stiffened
as required by tie rods. From each end of the beam is suspended a car with seats,
and furnished with a rail or rails or other means of safety as required; also from the
said shaft or pivot is suspended, by means of a central rod, a similar car, which is
capable of being worked to and fro by the pull and thrust of rods connected to the
end of the beam and to the bottom of the central rod. By this arrangement any
reciprocating movement imparted to the beam will be communicated to the car at
each end thereof, thereby effecting a see-saw motion of such cars; also the car
suspended from the central rod will by the movement of the beam be caused to
receive a swinging motion.
The gearing for communicating the motion of the engine to the apparatus as
required, consists of a pinion on the crank shaft working into a wheel on an inter-
mediate shaft carrying a pinion working into a wheel on a shaft, to which is
connected the crank and connecting rod for working the beam of the apparatus.
The motion of the engine may however, if preferred, be communicated to the
apparatus as required by means of straps and drums.
Steps are or may be fitted at each end of the cars to facilitate the entrance there-
into as required.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SKATES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Peter Becker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1877.
JOHANN PETER BECKER, junior, of Remscheid (Germany).
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of skates, and is
designed to enable beginners to learn to skate without being exposed to the danger
of falling and hurting themselves, and to give to those who but seldom skate, and
who are in consequence more or less awkward in practising this art, an opportunity
to enjoy the pleasure resulting therefrom without being compelled to spend a long
time in practising, and without being at the same time exposed to injury through
falling.
The said Invention is carried into practise as follows, that is to say :-
:-I apply
two runners to the skate instead of the one runner hitherto used. The distance
between these two runners may be altered according to the dexterity the skater
possesses. The sole of the skate rests on the runners by means of supporters, the
upper parts of which are hollow, and have internal screw-threads. Such screw-
holes take the front points of the runners, which, being bent backwards, likewise
serve for supporters.
The
The sole of the skate has elliptic slots cut rectangularly to the runners.
supporters above-mentioned are prolonged into heads, which are cut flat on two
sides, so as to glide in the slots in the sole. By applying broad-headed screws to
the same the sole is fastened to the supporters. The screw holes in the front points
of the runners correspond below the sole with two of the elliptic slots aforesaid, and
the sole is fixed to them by screws having sufficiently broad heads.
In order to alter the distance between the two runners the screws are simply
loosened by means of a screw-driver, and the runners shifted in the desired direction.
The distance between the runners may be diminished by degrees until the skater
is sufficiently proficient to use the single-runner-skate without running the risk of
injuring himself by falling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAUGES FOR RECORDING PRESSURES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Bradshaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1877.
AARON BRADSHAW, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAUGES FOR RECORDING PRESSURES."
This Invention has for its object the construction of gauges for purposes aforesaid
in such manner as that a short column of mercury is competent or sufficient to
register high pressures.
These improvements apply to gauges for recording or indicating pressures, and
are as follows, viz. :-I make use of two or more diaphragms of unequal areas, and
I cause the pressure which requires or is to be recorded to act against a small
diaphragm, and by means of suitable distance piece or pieces this pressure is trans-
mitted from the small diaphragm on to the large diaphragm or diaphragms. The
force applied to one side of the large diapragni or diaphragms is counterpoised
by a short column of mercury, which as the pressure increases rises, and by ineans
of a suitable index records the pressure acting upon the small diaphragm. By
using these improvements a short column of mercury is competent or sufficient to
register a high pressure, and the deflection of the diaphragms is immense.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DRESSING OR FINISHING FELT HATS AND CAPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1877. A communication
from abroad by Simon Piron, of 15, Rue des Halles, Paris, France.
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR DRESSING OR FINISHING FELT HATS AND CAPS." (A communication from abroad
by Simon Piron, of 15, Rue des Halles, Paris, France.)
This Invention relates to improvements in machines for dressing or finishing felt
hats and caps, and the machines are particularly adapted for deer stalkers, tourists,
and like hats or caps with rounded or bellied bodies.
In moulding the body the felt blank is placed into a tub or vessel with the
crown portion exposed to the action of steam supplied to the vessel by a pipe, and
a block mould is placed within the body and pressed down within it by screw or
other pressure from the outside, the screw being held in position by a slip bar that
can turn as upon a hinge from or to one side when the hat or cap has to be
removed.
The brim of the hat or cap rests upon a ring, above which a plate is fitted, the
plate being held by screw clips on the top of the tub or vessel. A pipe is fitted to
the bottom of the tub to enable the condensed water to be drawn off.
The hat or cap when removed from the bodying machine is placed in another
frame, within which is a mould preferably of plaster encased in metal. The brim
rests upon the top layer of a series of cloth brim rings and gum lac, by which the
brim is increased in thickness and made more rigid than with a single thickness of
felt as that of which the body is composed. A shaped "force" is then caused to
bear by screw pressure upon the brim to solidify the several layers of cloth and
gum lac into a somewhat rigid mass to make what is termed a stiff brim.
To turn up the brim to the required shape a vulcanized sheet is used, the sheet
being subject to pressure in suitable directions to compel the brim to follow the
contour of the same as the pressure is applied, a hoop ring with screw adjustment
being used for the contraction of the rubber as desired. The hat or cap in a
Prine 971

page_text: "blocked" and what is termed "finished" state is then removed and placed upon a
body mould on the end of a mandril or shaft, which has a rotary motion imparted
to it by belt, pulley, or other appliances, and a heated iron fitted upon a sliding
shoe or block is then manoeuvred against the body by hand to flatten the fibres of
the felt and produce a nap upon the surface. The iron is moved about by hand, 5
which will also regulate the degree of touch, and the consequent finish of the hat
ог сар.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Fleming at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1877.
FRANCIS FLEMING, of Halifax, in the County of York, Card Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBRES."
"
This Invention relates to the metallic tubes (usually made of brass) which are
placed upon and caused to rotate around the spindle of machinery for spinning
or for doubling yarn. The "tubes are driven, or caused to rotate, at high speeds,
and there is considerable friction and wear and tear of the interior of the tube,
whereon the rotation of tube, yarn, bobbin, or spool becomes unsteady.
The object of this Invention is to construct the tubes referred to in such manner
that there shall be greatly reduced surface contact of tube and spindle, with con-
sequent reduction of friction and power required to drive the spindles and tubes.
According to this my Invention I employ a tube or hollow cylinder, the interior
or bore of which is in excess or greater than the diameter of the spindle upon
which it is to be placed and rotate. Within the tube, at or near the ends thereof
(and sometimes midway its length, is inserted a steel bush, or ring, or pins of steel
(or the ends of the tube may be split, through which openings projecting parts of
a steel washer may pass). These parts, that is to say, the bush, the ring, or the
pins, by preference hardened and tempered, are alone in contact with the spindle.
The friction being greatly reduced the tubes are more durable, and less driving
power is requisite.
The tubes may be wholly of steel or malleable iron, in such case an expanding drill
may be used, so as to bore out portions of the interior of the tube, leaving other
portions of the original or requisite internal diameter, the latter forming the rings
or spindle contact portions of the interior of the tube.
The under portion of the boss of the wharle I dish or make concave so as to
reduce friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Smithson Entwistle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1877.
SMITHSON ENTWISTLE, of Barrow in Furness, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Fitter. IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINE"
21
This Invention relates to an improved construction, combination, and arrange-
ment of circular washing tub, and washing, rubbing, or disc and apparatus for
imparting the necessary motion to the washing tub and disc.
According to this my Invention I employ a circular tub or washer, the bottom of
which is provided with ribs or rubbers; the tub is carried or supported by cross
rails, and receives a partial to-and-fro rotary motion by means of crank eccentric
cam levers and gearing; within the tub is a central vertical axis or shaft, supported
by foot step and cross rail, to which shaft a like partial to-and-fro rotation is
imparted by levers, crank, and shaft, or by eccentric, or cam, and levers.
Upon the shaft within the washing tub is a circular or disc washer provided with
rubbers; the disc is made in halves so as to facilitate introduction to and removed
from the washing tub; the halves are secured to each other and to the shaft, so as
to receive the partial to-and-fro rotary motion by means of a lock piece introduced
to a cavity or hollow boss formed in the half discs, and the motion of the shaft
and disc is in opposite direction to the motion of the washing tub so as to secure
greater efficiency by the opposite action of the rubbing surfaces.
The half discs may be secured at any height upon the central shaft, according to
the quantity or space occupied by the clothes or fabric within the tub.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of STEEL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sheehan and George Wells at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1877.
THOMAS SHEEHAN, of Great Portland Street, and GEORGE WELLS, of Westminster,
both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
STEEL."
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of cast or other steel, its object being
more particularly the manufacture of steel of good quality from Cleveland or other
inferior iron.
The iron (wrought iron) is first steelified wholly or partially through by a process
which consists briefly in embedding the iron in a compound (consisting preferably
of common salt, carbonate of soda (or sal soda), sulphate of soda, charcoal, and black
oxide of manganese) in a box or chamber with a layer of raw limestone above and
another below, separated from the compound by perforated plates, which box or
chamber thus prepared or charged is then placed in a furnace for some hours, or
until the iron is steelified to the depth desired. The proportions of the ingredients
and the details of this process are fully set forth in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to the said Thomas Sheehan, dated October 2nd, 1873, No. 3202, to
which reference must be made in order to carry out our present Invention, but the
process may be varied as therein described, or otherwise, or the process described in
the Specification of previous Letters Patent granted to the same Inventor, dated
May 13th, 1872, No. 1454, might be adopted, but with less advantage.
The iron steelified as above described is then melted in the ordinary crucible (if
necessary, with any suitable well-known flux); and to sufficiently decarbonize the
steelified iron during the process of melting, or after the same has been melted and
converted into cast or other steel, we add back oxide of manganese, metallic oxide
of manganese, quicklime, and borax, either separately or conjointly.
The cast or other steel so made is run into ingots in the usual manner, and after-
wards tilted or rolled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Denton Boag at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1877.
JAMES DENTON BOAG, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES.'
My Invention relates to the manufacture of gas from sewage, focal, and decomposed
vegetable inatters, and the Invention consists,-
1st. In the employment of a mixture of colza and paraffin oils, which is
introduced together with the sewage, focal, or vegetable matters into the first
retoit.
And, 2ndly. In the method and means adopted for mixing the oils with the
sewage or other matters, and introducing them together into the retort.
In carrying my Invention into practice I employ a comparted tank or roservoir
for the mixture of oils, and the sewage, fcecal, or vegetable matters mixed with
sufficient urine or stagnant water to flow freely. This reservoir is mounted above
a funnel-shaped receptacle, whence a pipe leads to the first retort, and the two
compartments of the reservoir are each provided with cocks for running off the
contents into the funnel. The oils and the sewage, focal, or other matters are made
to mix in the proportion of about 10 per cent. of the former to 90 per cent. of the
latter by causing the proper proportion of the liquid matters to flow in alternately
with a drop of the oil, so that each drop of oil is carried along separately by the
flow of the liquid matter to the retort, before reaching which an intimate mixture
is effected.
I employ one or more retorts made of cast or wrought irou, fire-clay, or other
material that will stand the heat and pressure. The retort or retorts must be
raised to a red heat before the matters are introduced, and must be maintained in
that state. The gas so generated can be passed through the remainder of the
retorts, thence through an ordinary condenser on to the water purifier, where tho
pipe should dip.
Screwed to the mouth of the dip I use a perforated cap, and after passing the gas
through a lime purifier it is stored in a gasometer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METHOD OF APPLYING THE ENGINE POWER FOR PROPELLING VESSELS, BEING A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE SIDE WHEEL PADDLES, AND ALSO THE SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Francis Knapp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1877.
"
HENRY FRANCIS KNAPP, of 70, Cornhill, in the City of London, Civil Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METHOD OF APPLYING THE ENGINE POWER FOR PROPELLING
VESSELS, BEING A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE SIDE WHEEL PADDLES, AND ALSO THE
SCREW PROPELLER."
Firstly. One or more paddle wheels will be arranged to work directly through
the bottom of the vessel, either on the line of the keel or on both sides thereof, so
that the floats on the lower periphery or circunference of the wheel will make their
thrust directly against the solid and compact body of water under the vessel; these
wheels will be cased or boxed in in an air-tight manner, and the boxing shall be.
made to contain compressed air so that the water cannot raise in them above the
level of the bottom of the vessel, thus leaving the floats on the lower periphery of
the paddle wheels to act on the water below the bottom of the vessel while all that
part of the paddle wheels above the line of the vessel's bottom moves through a
medium of air only.
Secondly. The paddle wheels will be arranged on a shaft, which will connect
with the engine, and where the shaft passes through the boxing will be made air-
tight with washers held in place by coil springs, and an air lock will be arranged
in the paddle boxing to afford entrance for repairs; if any air should escape through
the bottom of the boxing by the roll of the vessel it will be replaced by air pump or
injector; the paddle floats will work eccentrically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING ROLLERS IN DYEING AND SIZING MACHINE VATS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Knowles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1877.
JOHN KNOWLES, of Globe Works, Manningham, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Machine Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING ROLLERS IN DYEING AND
SIZING MACHINE VATS."
The object of my Invention is to arrange the rollers in dyeing and sizing or other
suitable machines where the rollers run in the liquor in such a manner that the
same can be fixed in their respective journals when the vat is full of liquor. The
journals at each end of the rollers will be true or in line with each other. The
rollers can be taken out of the journals without resorting to the common practice of
disturbing the bolts that secure the journal frames to the sides of the vats, or
emptying the vat of the liquor.
I accomplish my object in the following manner:-I form a metal frame or plate,
which I call the journal frame, having any number of pockets formed in the same
to suit the machine to which my Invention is to be applied. Each of these pockets
is fitted with a metal block, which is made to slide down the pocket, which is
formed transversly to the journal frame. When the block is at or near the bottom
of the pocket it is then moved in a lateral direction into a recess formed at or near
to the bottom of the pocket, and the transverse space is then filled up by a metal
wedge, which makes the block quiet secure in the journal plate. Each of the
pockets is fitted in the manner as before described, and each of the aforesaid blocks
that are fitted in the journal frame are bored to receive the axis of the rollers. I
fix one or more of these journal frames on each side of the vat directly opposite to
each other. When it is desired to put the rollers into the journal frame the blocks
before described are placed one on each end of the roller axis, and put into the
pockets of the journal frame, and secured therein by the metal wedge, as before
described.
By fixing the journal frames in the manner described the centres of the journals
are made parallel, by which means the warp or other material that is undergoing
the process of dyeing or sizing does not run to the edge of the rollers but keeps in
one position on the rollers without the use of guides,

page_text: When it is desired to withdraw any one of the rollers by simply pulling out the
wedges from the journal frame at each end of the roller, the roller and blocks will be
free, and can be withdrawn without disturbing the bolts that secure the frames to
the sides of the vat, or emptying the vat of the liquor.
The journal frames may be made with diagonal pockets, but I prefer those as 5
herein-before described as giving the best results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Westwell, Richard Law, and
James Rothwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May
1877.
RICHARD WESTWELL, of Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
RICHARD LAW, of the same Place, Loom Overlooker, and JAMES ROTHWELL, of
Newchurch, near Rawtenstall, Felt Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT."
Our Invention is applicable to the machines used in the manufacture of felt,
known as hardening machines. In these machines the fleece of fibres of which the
felt is composed is carried over a series of revolving bottom rollers, and under a
series of top rollers moving to and fro endwise. Some of the bottom rollers are
inade of wood, and others of sheet copper, heated by steam.
Now our Invention consists in dispensing with the revolving heated copper
rollers and in employing stationary steam chests in lieu thereof. As these steam
chests are stationary no stuffing boxes are required at their ends; they are con-
sequently cheaper and not liable to collapse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING YARNS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Fox at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1877.
FREDERICK WILLIAM Fox, of Victoria Park, Shipley, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING
YARNS."
My Invention relates to means of putting twist into woollen and other spun
yarns by the use of a flyer, spindle, and bobbin so arranged that the portion of the
yarn which travels along the flyer to the bobbin is already received twisted, and is
consequently stronger to resist the drag than is the case with flyers of ordinary
construction.
.
And in order that flyers constructed according to my Invention may be
worked without loss of time in taking off and replacing bobbins I prefer to employ
in conjunction with them spindles made in two parts, coupled together, and capable
of being readily uncoupled, though my improved means of twisting may be employed
without the aid of such coupled spindles.
In constructing a flyer according to my Invention I fix on its upper part two
sets of guide eyes, so arranged that the yarn is led from the drawing rollers through
one of those eyes, then wholly or partly round a cylindrical portion of the flyer, and
through another of the eyes, whence it is led downwards to the ordinary eye in the
flyer arm, being turned round that arm as many times as is desired for the purpose
of drag.
By this arrangement the twist is put into the yarn between the drawing roller
and the top of the flyer, and consequently the length of yarn which is subjected to
drag on its way to the bobbin being already twisted is of greater strength to
withstand the drag than is the case with flyers of ordinary construction, and can
therefore be subjected to greater drag, and completed with closer and more uniform
wist.
For convenience of removing and replacing bobbins without removing the flyer
I divide the spindle into two lengths, the ends of which halve over each other, and

page_text: I enclose them in a tube which receives the bobbin and travels up and down the
spindle along with it, always when in working position enclosing the coupling.
When it is necessary to remove a bobbin I draw the tube past the coupling, and
then turn the one part of the spindle aside, so that I can take off the bobbin, and
put another in its place, whereupon turning back the part of its spindle to its t
normal position I again slide the tube over the coupling, and start the twist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS OR FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES, BOOTS AND SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1877. A communication
from abroad by Eugène Royon, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS OR FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES, BOOTS AND
SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES." [A communication from abroad by Eugène Royon,
of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
◊
This Invention, relating to fastenings for gloves, boots and shoes, and other
articles, consists of a button formed of a plate of an elongated rounded form
provided with one or more holes for securing the button by means of thread; of a
head, circular in plan and oval in cross section, and of a stem eccentric to the
head, and connecting it with the plate.
The button is, by preference, stamped out of metal for the sake of lightness.
The head of this button being set forward on its stem forms a hook, which
admits of its surface being diminished without thereby decreasing its hold upon the
button hole.
This button is applied to a glove, for example, in the following manner :-A small
slit in a transverse direction to the button hole is made in the place where the
button is to be attached, and the plate of the button is inserted with the hole
foremost, turning it so as to force the hinder part through the slit, which then
closes up round the stem so as to prevent the displacement of the button without
an effort; it is then secured with thread, passing the needle at the same time
through the glove material; the hole in the plate and the tape, which is usually
placed under glove buttons, the plate being concealed from view between the glove
material and the tape.
Small blades for cutting the slits for the buttons may be readily adapted to a
template for cutting out gloves, such blades being detachable so as to admit of their
removal when required.
The heads of the buttons may be colored by any suitable process, so as to give
to these buttons a peculiar appearance, which will serve to distinguish them from
ordinary buttons.
PROVEMENTS IN CONTINUOUS RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bryce Craig at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1877.
"IM-
BRYCE CRAIG, of New Town, Frizington, in the County of Cumberland.
PROVEMENTS IN CONTINUOUS RAILWAY BRAKES."
According to this Invention each carriage of a train is fitted with a continuous
rod from engine to brake van, with couplings so fitted or arranged as to admit of
sufficient flexibility on curves. Brake van and engine are fitted each with an
upright spindle which by bevil wheels are connected to the aforesaid continuous
shafting; there is also a ratchet wheel with weighted pawl lever for holding
against the ratchet wheel when the brakes are off; this pawl is knocked out of gear
when the engine driver wants to stop the train.
The continuous rod is in each part somewhat, say 2 feet, shorter than the
carriage, and is provided with a sharp screw about 2 feet long, which fits in sockets
of either end of rod or hollow pipe, and fastened with cotters at either end, thus
making a continuous rod the full length of the carriage. At either end of pipe
there is a square socket to receive a jointed coupling which works to and fro like a
buffer. The aforesaid screw carries a nut with projection on lower portion, which
is fitted to the lever of the brake-block bars, and serves to bring the brake block
off and on the wheel; thus when the pawl is off, the rod will move the nut so as to
take the block off or put it on, according to the direction.
A sand feed is provided for the front carriage in order to increase the friction
when the brakes are put on.
To the wheel blocks are also attached friction blocks
which work on and off the rails at the same time that the wheel blocks are
put on or taken off the wheels; I thereby obtain a great increase of stopping power
and speed.
This braking apparatus is self-acting in case the train separates, as the moment
the coupling draws out, the brakes are applied on the sundered portion of the train.
The guard is able to put on the brake by, say, half a winding turn, which releases
A

page_text: the weighted lever on the engine and thus causes it to be put on instantly. The
engine driver has only to knock out the weighted lever and it is instantly applied.
This brake may be applied to the side of mineral trains.
The brakes may be put in action by means of friction gear, or by cord or
chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS AND PUMPING ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ashworth and Elijah Ashworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1877.
GEORGE ASHWORTH and ELIJAH ASHWORTH, both of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS AND PUMPING ENGINES."
Our Invention relates to the class of direct-acting steam pumps having rams or
plungers which work to and fro in glands or stuffing boxes, and has for its object to
render such pumps double acting, and thereby to increase their practical effect.
In a former Invention for which Her Majesty's Letters Patent bearing date the
Seventeenth day of October, in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four, and numbered 3507, we attained the said object by arranging the ram to
work within two ram chambers, the upper end of the ram being connected by means
of a rod with a triangular frame, within which worked the connecting rod which
connected the piston rod and ram with a revolving crank shaft. In this arrange-
ment the height of the machine was greatly increased as compared with single-
acting pumps, and the ram glands were not conveniently accessible for packing and
adjustment. To remedy these defects is the principal object of our present Inven-
tion. To this end we arrange the upper ram chamber immediately below the steam
cylinder, the piston rod of the said cylinder passing from the cylinder gland into
and through a gland on the upper part of the said chamber. The lower or outer
end of the said piston rod is firmly pinned, cottard, or attached to the upper end of
the rain.
The said ram works in glands and stuffing boxes on the lower end of the
upper chamber and the upper end of the lower chainber, and to a part of the said
ram which reciprocates between the two glands but does not enter either of them
is secured a pin, which projects from one side of the ram and receives one end of
the connecting rod. The said pin is attached to or connected with a block, which
is fitted to slide between vertical slide bars. The other end of the said connecting
rod is mounted upon the crank pin of a crank shaft, which is fitted to revolve in
bearings, and is provided with a fly wheel, as is usual.
In some cases we may employ only one slide bar, or a rod upon which a block is
fitted to slide.
The pump is provided with suitable suction and delivery valves.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA AND COFFEE POTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Richards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1877.
WILLIAM THOMAS RICHARDS, of Aston, Juxta Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Electro Plate Manufacturer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA AND COFFEE
POTS."
The object of this Invention is so to construct the utensils or articles named in
the title, that the inside of the spout inay at all times be kept clean and free from
impure corrosive matter evolved from the dissolution of the vegetable compound used
for producing the liquids, and yet at the same time by means of the strainer herein-
after referred to, all sediment and such like matter may be retained within the
pot.
In my improved tea and coffee pots I accordingly provide a strainer or grating,
which is a piece of perforated metal of concave shape, and I construct this strainer
or grating that it can be removed at pleasure. This is accomplished by providing
the said strainer or grating with a suitable screw or worm, which is made to take
into, over, or upon a corresponding screw provided at the bottom of the spout inside
the said pot. Thus, whilst the said strainer or grating is effectual in preventing the
escape of any sediment into the spout, it can be removed at pleasure, when the
spout can be readily cleaned out by means of a brush or by any other convenient
means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ezard and Francis Erskine
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1877.
CHARLES EZARD, of Bradford, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, and
FRANCIS ERSKINE, of Manchester, in the same County, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES."
Our Invention has reference to the introduction of air and steam into the fire of
steam boiler and other furnaces for the purpose of consuming or facilitating the
consumption of smoke; and our Invention consists in constructing the furnace with
three or other suitable number of hollow bearers or bearing bars constructed with
flanges or projections which carry the fire-bars between the said bearers or bearing
bars, so as to form a level surface of grid or grating for the fire to rest upon. The
said bearers or bearing bars extend from the back or bridge to the front dead plate,
and have openings at the front end like a grid to let the hot air and steam into the
furnace, and in applying a steam jet at the rear end of each such hollow bearer or
bearing bar. The steam, which is supplied to the jet by means of a pipe connected.
to the boiler, creates a current which draws air into the hollow bearer or bar through
one or more apertures provided for the purpose, and forces such air through the
bearer or bar to the opening in the front end of the bearer or bar. The air which
has become heated in its passage through the bearer or bar, and at the same time
mixed with the steam, issues through the grids or openings, and passes into the
fire.
In some cases we apply the steam jet in the hollow bearer or bar at a position
intermediate between the bridge and the front dead plate, and in this case we make
a transverse partition in the bearer, and employ two jets, so that one jet may force
a current of air to the grid or opening at the front, and the other a current to the
back of the bridge of the boiler. In some cases one of these jets is sufficient, but in
other cases both can be used.
Further, in some cases we employ a double bridge or two bridges; the air and
steam issuing from the back of the bearers then pass up between the bridges, and
mix with the smoke as it crosses the double or second bridge. There is an opening
at the bottom of the bridges for cleaning out dirt.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRRIGATORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1877. A communication
from Carl Bob, Surgeon, Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at Frank-
fort-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRRIGATORS."
A communication from Carl Bob, Surgeon, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the Empire
of Germany.
This Invention relates to irrigators or injectors intended for use with injections
of aerated liquids or liquids charged with carbonic acid gas, and consists,-
Firstly. In the application to an injection canal or tube of an india-rubber con-
nection tube, fitted at one end to the said canal, and at the other to a screw tap,
similar to those used for soda water, champagne, or aerated liquids, so that when an
injection is wanted an ordinary bottle of soda water can be used by inserting the
screw tap through the cork into the bottle, when, on the soda water being warmed
to the temperature of the body, the apparatus is ready for inmediate use on turning
the cock of the screw tap, whereupon the liquid will be squirted out with some force
until the bottle is emptied.
And, Secondly. In the use with the said apparatus of a stand of metal or wicker
of any convenient shape, for supporting the soda water or other bottle in an inverted
or partly inverted position.
Hitherto irrigators for the use of aerated liquids have been of a complex and
expensive nature; the simplicity and cheapness of the above arrangement or com-
bination is obvious.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND CLEANSING CLOTHES, WOVEN FABRICS, AND TEXTILE MATERIALS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CHURNING BUTTER, AGITATING LIQUIDS, AND SIFTING POWDERED SUB- STANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lacey Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1877
JOHN LACEY DAVIES, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND CLEANSING
CLOTHES, WOVEN FABRICS, AND TEXTILE MATERIALS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR CHURNING BUTTER, AGITATING LIQUIDS, AND SIFTING POWDERED SUB-
STANCES."
"
The improvements consist in the employment and use of a chamber, box, or
receptacle supported upon an universal joint situated centrally, i c., at a point
midway between the ends and sides of the bottom of the same, or upon a vertical
pin or pivot projecting from the bottom, and turning in a bearing or foot plate
directly below such pivot or joint, and which forms the foundation of the
machine.
The box or chamber is to be actuated by a crank and excentric or double crank,
or other mechanical equivalent, so as to cause the box to oscillate horizontally upon
the central pivot, and also to oscillate or "rock" vertically thereupon.
The fabrics, clothes, liquids, or materials to be operated upon are to be placed
within the receptacle, which is supplied inside with corrugated or uneven surfaces,
and are moved or agitated from side to side, or from end to end of the receptacle, or
both combined, so as to bring the contents into frictional contact with the said
uneven surfaces when used for washing, churning, or agitating purposes
For sifting purposes the box is fitted internally with a horizontal sieve or sieves
placed about half-way between the top and bottom, the powdered substances being
placed upon the sieves, and the lower part of the box receives the powder as it is
gifted.
Openings are provided in the upper and lower parts of the box for the admission
and removal of contents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A SUBSTITUTE FOR " HOPS USED IN BREWING."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Houlden Terrins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1877.
HARRY HOULDEN TERRINS, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Licensed
Sweets Dealer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A SUBSTITUTE FOR
"
HOPS USED IN BREWING."
I take quassia and gentian and reduce them to powder, and I steep both in cold
water for twelve hours, draw off the liquor, and reduce it to one-fourth its bulk by
boiling. I then take hops and reduce them to powder, and pour upon them spirits
of wine of suitable strength until the powder will absorb no more, and leave this
mixture for forty-eight hours, after which I subject it to severe pressure, by which
I obtain a powerful extract of hops. I now mix one-third part of this extract
with one-third of the decoction of quassia, and one-third of the decoction of gentian,
and sufficient caramel as a colouring matter, and the result forms a very powerful
bittering and preserving extract.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF SHOWER BATHS, OF A VALVE, ROSE, LEVER, AND INDICATER TO BE CONNECTED OR USED THEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Joseph Butler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1877.
NICHOLAS JOSEPH BUTLER, of Number Eight, Royal Terrace, West Kingstown,
in the County of Dublin, Physician and Surgeon. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF SHOWER BATHS, OF A VALVE, ROSE, LEVER, AND INDICATER TO BE
CONNECTED OR USED THEREWITH."
A special form of valve, of brass or other material, for the supply of the rose of
shower baths. Said valve is of a cylindrical form, closed at the top and open at the
bottom, the sides being perforated. It fits into and works vertically in a cylindrical
case or collar, and supplies a greater or lesser quantity of water, as regulated by the
lever, herein-after described, to the rose. There is a metal gutter or channel around
the inside of the dome of the rose, into which any drip from the valve falls, and is
prevented from passing to the rose when the valve is closed.
A lever having a metal needle indicator working over a graduated dial, connected
with the valve already described by a metal or other connexion, enables the bather
to regulate the fall of water from the rose, lessening, increasing, or making the
discharge continuous without permitting any drip to flow from the rose when the
valve is closed, thereby affording an effectual remedy for two of the greatest defects
in existing shower baths, want of exact and perfect control over the flow from the
rose and drip from it.