matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOODEN SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: A com-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1880.
munication from abroad by Harvey Klapp Carter, of Camden, New Jersey,
John Bacon Wood, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and James Francis Wood,
of Camden, New Jersey, all in the United States of America.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WOODEN SHIPS OR VESSELS." A communication
from abroad by Harvey Klapp Carter, of Camden, New Jersey, John Bacon Wood,
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and James Francis Wood, of Camden, New Jersey,
all in the United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to so seal the planking of a wooden ship or vessel
to the ribs as to add to the general security of the vessel, and especially of those
which are provided with water tight bulk heads.
In carrying out this Invention the greater portion of the ribs of the vessel are
of the usual character, but at intervals throughout the hull a rib is grooved both
on the outer and inner side, and where such a rib occurs the inner planking and
outer planking are grooved to correspond in shape and locality with the grooves
of the ribs. The spaces thus formed are occupied by tightly fitting wooden strips,
one set of which fit partly in the groove of the inner planking and partly in that
in the inner side of the rib, while another set fit partly in the groove of the outer
planking and partly in that in the outer side of the rib.
The grooves in the ribs should extend through out their whole length, or at least
above the hold water line.
This plan tends to isolate the space between the two plankings on one side of
the rib from that on the opposite side, and to render the isolation more complete
it is preferable in building the vessel to bore a hole wherever two planks meet at
the junction of those planks through the latter, and through the strip into the rib,
and to drive a pin into the said hole.
Water tight bulk beads are sometimes of no avail for the reason that the water,
when the outer or inner planking has been more or less shattered and loosened
from the ribs, may pass between the two plankings to a compartment separated
from that to which water has gained access.

page_text: This is effectually prevented by the present improvement, the sealing ribs
preventing communication between the two compartments.
It is not essential that the bulk-head should in all cases be built in a position
adjoining one of the sealed ribs, and it will be apparent that this mode of sealing
the ribs to the planking or plankings of vessels must add to the security of the
same in the absence of bulk-heads.
IMPROVED PARCEL CARRIER, HOLDER, OR HANDLE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Charles Wallich at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1880.
GEORGE CHARLES WALLICU, of Christchurch Road, Roupell Park, in the County
of Surrey, Doctor of Medicine, Surgeon Major. "IMPROVED PARCEL CARRIER,
HOLDER, OR HANDLE."
My Invention consists of arrangements for facilitating carrying of parcels which
are secured by string, twine, or other similar material. The inconvenience of
carrying parcels by holding the string by which they are secured is not only that
it cuts the band, but same is otherwise objectionable; and to obviate the objections
I adopt mainly the following arrangements :—
I form a carrier, holder, or handle, made sometimes of elastic or semi-elastic
material, such as india rubber or leather, though wood or other material may be
employed. This carrier, holder, or handle is formed with a slot or opening
extending to about half the diameter or thickness of the carrier or holder, and this
opening terminates preferably in an enlarged portion. In applying this holder to
carry a parcel the string or twine, or other material by which the parcel is secured,
is inserted between the opening in the holder, and falls into and is retained in place
in the enlarged portion. In some cases a modified form of this carrier, holder, or
handle may be used, of clastic or rigid material, by substituting or adding clip
catch or swivel at the ends, by which the parcel is held, in place of the slit or
opening, though the slit or opening may be used, and thus the parcel carried in
either way preferred. In some cases it may not be necessary to use the slit or
opening.
The carrier, handle, or holder may be formed with engaging loops or catches so
formed as to engage with the string or band, and these loops or catches can be so
formed as to engage between the crossed string which secures the parcel.
The carrier, holder, or handle may be so formed that it will readily fold up, and
is susceptible of much variation in form in order to suit taste or other require-
ments. It may, for instance, be made in a form similar to a pencil-case, with
sliding clip turning on a swivel at each end.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR PREVENTING THE ACCIDENTAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE LINCHPINS OF GUN-CARRIAGES, AMMUNITION-WAGONS AND THE LIKE, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gardner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1880.
WILLIAM GARDNER, of Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America, now
of 8, Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR PREVENTING
THE ACCIDENTAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE LINCHPINS OF GUN-CARRIAGES,
AMMUNITION-WAGONS AND THE LIKE, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to an improved device for preventing the accidental
displacement of the linch-pins used in gun-carriages, ammunition-wagons, and
other vehicles, which Invention may also be employed for preventing the loss or
detachment of pins, bolts, or keys, employed for similar purposes.
The said Invention has however for its chief object to provide means whereby
a linch-pin of a gun carriage or ammunition wagon may be readily and easily
locked when inserted in the axletree, whilst at the same time it permits such linch-
pin to be readily withdrawn when it is desired to remove a wheel or dismember
the carriage or vehicle for transport.
In carrying my Invention into practice, I pass over the end of the axletree and
into contact with the nave of the wheel, prior to the insertion of the linch-pin, a
washer, plate, or ring.
This washer is provided on its face with an annular flange, rim, or projecting
portion which has a notch or aperture formed in it for the passage of the linch-pin.
This notch is of the same or approximately the same width as the head of the said
linch-pin. The inner surface of this annular flange or rim has two concentric
portions of different diameter, one of the said portions being of such a diameter as
to permit the washer to rotate upon the axletree and around the linch-pin, and the
other portion of a smaller diameter, so as to present shoulders that form stops
against which such linch-pin abuts when the said ring is partially turned.
To permit the insertion of a linch-pin, the washer is first turned into such a
position that the aforesaid notch is vertically in line with and directly above the
hole in the axletree, and so as to permit the entrance of the said pin and its head
nto the space within the rim of the washer, and the insertion of the pin into its
hole in the axletree. After the said linch-pin is in place, the washer is turned to
DD71

page_text: cause the said notch to pass out of alignment with the linchpin, whose head is
then covered or enclosed by the flange or rim, which, while in this position, will
prevent the withdrawal or removal of the linchpin from its place.
In applying my Invention to vehicles for military purposes, this ring or washer
is preferably provided with an eye similar to those at present in use, to which eye
a rope may be attached to assist in the propulsion of the vehicle.
INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING THE POSITIONS OF STREETS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, OR OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST ON MAPS, DIAGRAMS, PICTURES, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOHN BELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING THE POSITIONS OF STREETS,
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, OR OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST ON MAPS, DIAGRAMS, PICTURES,
AND THE LIKE"
This Invention has for its object more especially the immediate finding of places
on maps. It consists in a pointer preferably counterbalanced and fixed on a central
pivot with a scale or row of numbers or letters marked thereon. A similar scale is
arranged like a clock-face or otherwise round the edges of the map.
The pointer
is worked from a button on the case by means of a rack and pinion or its equivalent,
such for instance as two pulleys and catgut band. An alphabetical index of all the
places, streets, buildings, et cetera, is placed in convenient position near or round
the map, giving the index number on the pointer that in rotating would pass over
the point and the direction point of compass or angle the pointer would stand at.
The inquirer then finding the index number and angle, turns the pointer to
that angle, reads off the index number, and so finds at once the place or street
sought.
prefer to make these instruments in the form of a clock or dial in a case, the
map or picture forming the dial with the scale round, and the alphabetical index on
the case or below a glass panel.
Similarly too, in long inaps or plans, a sliding pointer can be substituted for
a rotating one, and the effect will be the same, On one side or the centre line
of the pointer I generally range a scale of feet, miles, cab fares, and the like,
and in some cases have a second movable scale that can be brought to any
part of the map by turning two buttons, so as to read off at a glance
distances between any two places. Similarly in long maps I place a scale at
the bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTERS' QUOINS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1880. A communication
from abroad by George Scott, Henry Crane Beach, and Frederick Scott
Powers, all of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
America.
"
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTERS' QUOINS." [A communication from abroad
by George Scott, Henry Crane Beach, and Frederick Scott Powers, all of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America.]
<<
This improvement has reference to that class of printers' material known as
quoin," which is used in various ways for the purpose of locking up forms for use
in the press.
Numerous devices have been introduced for this purpose with indifferent success.
The requirements are, rapidity in operation, perfect security in locking up, and
occupation of the least possible space; these are absolutely essential and are embodied
in the present Invention.
The quoin is composed of two pieces, viz., a box which is made in a slightly
tapering forin upon its sides (the top and bottom being parallel), and a rack bar.
In the top and bottom of the box recesses are formed of suitable shape for admitting
the end of a pinion key and allowing the same to revolve freely and in proper
working contact with teeth that are formed on the inner side of the rack bar.
These teeth project from the inner face of the bar, and are formed on its entire
length crosswise of the same. The length of the teeth is sufficiently less than the
width of the bar to leave bearings on the inner face which slide on tapering faces
of the box, thus allowing the rack teeth to enter and move in the box. A very
light taper of about two degrees is used, whereby perfect stability after locking
up is secured, and the effort required to operate the quoin is reduced to a
minimum.
To use the quoin, the two pieces composing the quoin are placed together, and
the rack bar pushed up until the teeth appear in the upper recess of the box,
and the key is then entered and engages the teeth. The key is then turned to
move the parts and expand the quoin until a suitable pressure is obtained, when
the key is to be withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING MACHINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fox and George Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1880.
WILLIAM Fox and GEORGE BROWN, both of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR WRINGING
AND MANGLING MACHINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Our said Invention relates principally to the manufacture of the rollers of
wringing and mangling machines, and particularly to the lower pressing rollers of
such machines, and consists in forming the said rollers from a material which will
serve as an efficient and economical substitute for the sycamore wood from which
such rollers are ordinarily made. The material which we propose to use is at
present employed for various purposes as a cement or "setting," and is composed
of brimstone and flue-dust mixed and amalgamated by the application of heat in
the ordinary manner.
In constructing rollers in accordance with our Invention we at present prefer to
use a piece of cast iron pipe of about the same length and somewhat less in
diameter than it is proposed to make the finished roller. The roller axle is
suspended or supported at the centre of the pipe, and the melted material is run
into the pipe around the axle, which is thus embedded in the roller. A coating of
the material of any required thickness is also cast around the outside of the pipe.
The flask or shell surrounding the pipe may be so accurately bored or turned inside
that the periphery of the roller will not require to be turned, but if necessary the
roller may be turned and finished in the ordinary manner. A coarser quality of
the material may be used to fill the inside of the pipe and a finer quality applied to
the outside., Although we at present consider the herein before described mixture
of brimstone and flue dust to be the most suitable for our purpose, we do not
confine ourselves to this composition, as a suitable material might be obtained by
the employment of Portland or Roman cement, or by mixing ground lime-stone or
triturated granite or slate with brimstone instead of flue dust. Any other suitable
strengthening device may likewise be used instead of a pipe, as bereinbefore
described, or, if desired, the roller may be cast wholly from the material. Though
specially applicable to wringing and mangling machines, the hereinbefore referred
to rollers may also be applied to other machines wherein rollers of a similar
character are required.
AN IMPROVED HAND TRUCK
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cole at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1890. A communication
from abroad by Samuel Wooster Sprague, of Binghampton, Broome County,
State of New York, United States of America.
WILLIAM COLE, of St. Dunstan's Buildings, St. Dunstan's Hill, in the City of
London. "AN IMPROVED HAND TRUCK." A communication from abroad by
Samuel Wooster Sprague, of Binghampton, Broome County, State of New York,
United States of America.
This Invention consists of a double hook hinged on the lower part of the truck
frame so that it may be thrown up or open to rest upon the toe or end cross bar of
the device, and operate in combination with a hook that slides on the central
longitudinal bar of the truck to take hold of and hold a barrel, cask, or large box,
the said double hook being so hinged that it can be turned or folded down for the
purpose of adapting the hand truck for the conveyance of bags or other articles
that might be injured by contact with them, and the sliding hook being so arranged
that it may be rotated or turned aside so as not to interfere with bales or bags, &c.,
carried on the truck.
The annexed Drawing represents the improved truck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR THE MORE EFFECTUAL VENTILATION OF SHIPS' HOLDS OR THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Travis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1880.
FREDERICK TRAVIS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR THE MORE EFFECTUAL VENTILATION
OF SHIPS' HOLDS OR THE LIKE."
Great loss of life and property is occasioned from the difficulty experienced in
ventilating ships efficiently. Coal ships catch fire or have their decks blown up,
and cattle are often suffocated wholesale, and in any case their health injured,
through the hatches having to be battened down in storms.
Now my Invention is designed to prevent this evil, and consists in placing
perforated pipes between the beams, immediately below each deck, leading into the
hollow iron masts. The masts are strengthened at these points by rings. The
perforated pipes are preferably led from between the beams opposite each mast
along the angle the deck beams make with the inner skin or side of the ship.
The masts are perforated on their tops or sides, and protected, if desirable, with
cowls to prevent the rain entering. They are well tarred or painted inside to
protect them from damp or rusting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INFLAMMABLE GAS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Harrison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1880.
CHARLES HARRISON, of Paston, Peterborough, in the County of Northampton,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INFLAMMABLE GAS, AND
IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME.'
"
This Invention consists, firstly, in a new process or method of manufacturing gas;
and, secondly, in apparatus for effecting the same.
In manufacturing gas according to my Invention I use any kind of oil or spirit,
mineral oils, turpentine, naptha, or other volatile or bituminous liquid, and coal
dust, and which is distilled in the apparatus hereafter described and reduced to a
state of an seriform fluid; this fluid or gas is purified by means of a mixture of lime,
chalk, or other similar substance.
The apparatus consists of an inner and outer chamber, the outer chamber
consisting of a cistern or tank, and filled with hot water, either rectangular, square,
or any other suitable shape; the inner chamber is submerged into this outer chainber.
The materials to be operated upon, viz., the oil or spirit and coal dust, are placed in
the bottom of the inner chamber, and as the temperature is raised so gas is generated
from the above materials, and passes through a perforated plate into a receiver or
gas holder, the gas having been purified by passing through a mixture of ground
coke, lime, and chalk, which is laid on the said perforated plate.
The gas is kept in this reservoir or gas holder until required for use; on the top
or other convenient position of the inner chamber I place a safety valve for the
purpose of warning in case of too much pressure of gas, and pipe to receive the
surplus gas or the gas when not in use; the gas passes through a coil of tubing
which is immersed in a cold water tank, and by means of a junction pipe passes
again into the retort or inner chamber.
To supply the burners the gas passes through a supply pipe joined to the upper
part of the reservoir which is packed with cotton wool for purifying purposes.
This apparatus will be found to be extremely portable and safe, and there will be
no danger or disagreeable odour. The gas will give a clear light and be produced
at a very little expense.
This apparatus will be specially applicable to the working of gas engines and
suitable for private houses, steam ships, railways, tram-cars, and numerous other
purposes; the same fittings will be used as are now used in the burning of ordinary
gas, the apparatus being furnished with inlet and outlet pipes to which the ordinary
gas fittings are attached.
>
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM GENERATORS AND IN THE FIRE BARS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Adams Horsnell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1880.
DANIEL ADAMS HORSNELL, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM GENERATORS AND IN THE
FIRE BARS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH."
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement or construction of furnace
for steam boilers or generators, and to a peculiar fire bar to be employed therein,
whereby economy of fuel and prevention of smoke are effected. In carrying out
my said Invention I employ moveable balanced or suspended fire bars with or
without wings or cross projections cast or otherwise formed transversely thereon, such
wings when used being disposed either in line with each other or in steps, so as to
leave free air spaces between them. The said bars are placed at an angle of from
15° to 75° from the horizontal, each of the bars being balanced so as to turn or
swivel on a fulcrum situate at or near their centres, such fulcra consisting of
wrought iron bars fixed into a frame or secured direct to the fire box, the dead
plate being also either fitted to the said frame or attached to the fire box itself. The
inclined bars may be suspended or supported by fixed fulcra at their upper ends,
and two sets of bars may be employed disposed at opposite angles, the dead plate
being situate at the upper ends of the inclined bars or apex of the angle formed by
the two sets. If desired (for small boilers) one half of the above arrangement
may be used, that is to say, one set of balanced or suspended inclined bars may be
employed in conjunction or not with a rocking shaft or shafts worked through
gearing or direct for vibrating or moving each alternate bar, according to the
nature of the fuel employed. The said balanced or suspended inclined fire bars
may either be of cast iron, cast steel, or wrought iron, and the wings when
employed may be removeable, so as to drop into sockets made to receive them in a
convenient balanced or suspended inclined frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE WHEELS OF COLLIERY WAGONS, TRAM- CARS, AND RAILWAY WAGONS TO THEIR AXLES OR SHAFTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Glossop and Ebenezer John
Cavill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March
1880.
GILBERT GLOSSOP and EBENEZER JOHN CAVILL, both of Sheffield, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE WHEELS OF COLLIERY WAGONS, TRAM-
CARS, AND RAILWAY WAGONS TO THEIR AXLES OR SHAFTS."
In carrying out our Invention we cast or otherwise form upon the boss of the
wheel, and by preference in connection with one of the arms of the wheel, a
projecting lug or pocket having a horizontal slot or cotterway through it parallel
with the axle; another slot or keyway is formed in a vertical line from the
horizontal slot and opening into the centre hole of the wheel, so that a key or wedge
placed in the vertical slot and forced downwards by a cotter driven in the horizontal
slot would bind against the axle or shaft, and thus secure the wheel, but in order
to entirely prevent the wheel from turning round on the shaft or shifting horizontally
a sunk keyway is formed in the shaft or axle, the bed of which inclines or deepens
towards the centre of the shaft or axle; the bottom of the wedge is tapered to
correspond thereto, so that its action on being forced down is to draw the wheel
tightly against the shoulder of the axle, to bind it to the axle, and effectually
prevent it from turning round.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR GLUEING AND ADJUSTING THE LEATHER PADS TO BILLIARD CUES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barthelemy Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1880. A communication
froin Leon Rigollet, of 104, Rue St. Maur, Paris.
BARTHELEMY MARTIN, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
FOR GLUEING AND ADJUSTING THE LEATHER PADS TO BILLIARD CUES, AND
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from Leon Rigollet, of
104, Rue St. Maur, Paris.
The Invention relates to improvements in the manner of easily and quickly
adjusting the leather pads to billiard cues, by obtaining a perfect and durable
glueing, the adherence of the leather-pads to the wood at the end of the cues being
perfect; and by easily, and, so to say, mechanically levelling the leather pads
perfectly, having regard to the variable diameters of the ends of cues.
Theso objects are attained by making use of a peculiar kind of press which makes
it possible to keep the leather pads freshly covered with glue, and placed upon
their respective cues, under a strong pressure, and to leave them there long enough
for the glue to become completely dry.
Success is also obtained in perfect and easily levelling all the pads by means of a
peculiar tool, cutting them until they are completely adjusted to the diameters of
their cues, as well as serving to prepare, that is to say, to make straight again, the
ends of the cues receiving the pad.
In the accompanying Drawings,-
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the glueing press.
Fig. 2 and 3 are plans of the cross-bars binding the uprights of the same.
Fig. 4 and 5 show plan views of a circular press.
Fig. 6, 7, 8, and 9 show an elevation, sideviews and plans in section of the tool
for levelling the pads to the billiard cues.
Fig. 10 shows an arrangement for putting 2, 3, and more rows of cues in the
same press.
In the Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, a, a¹, are the uprights forming with the cross-bars b and b¹
the frame of the press. k, k, k, k, are recesses in the lower cross-bar to receive and
hold the thick ends of the cues g, g, g, g; e, e, e, e, are pressure screws screwed into
the upper-cross-bar b, pressing upon the pads to be glued to the small ends of
Price Ad

page_text: the cues g, g, g, g; f and flare nuts and counter nuts to regulate the height of the
cross-bar b, carrying the pressure screws in order to adapt it better to the variable
lengths of the cues.
In Figs. 6, 7, 8, & 9, A is the opening into which the end of the cue, provided
with a leather pad to be levelled to it, is introduced; B is the knife cutting away 5
the superfluous leather, that is to say, doing the levelling; D is a pressure guide
keeping the cue always in position with regard to the knife, whatever be its
diameter; E is the regulating screw of the guide, allowing all the variable
dimensions of diameters of cues to be acted upon; F is the opening in which the
end of the cue without pad is introduced to be made straight again, making it 1
revolvo and leaning it against the file or grater G.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND FITTING OF SHIPS TO CARRY GRAIN CARGOES AND OTHER CARGOES IN BULK
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Herman Gullachsen and
William Brydon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May
1880.
LORENTZ HERMAN GULLACHSEN, of 58, Northumberland Street, Newcastle on
Tyne, and WILLIAM BRYDON, of 3, Percy Terrace, Gosforth, Northumberland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND FITTING OF SHIPS TO CARRY GRAIN
CARGOES AND OTHER CARGOES IN BULK."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction and fitting of
ships to carry grain cargoes and other cargoes in bulk.
In order to prevent the shifting of grain or other cargo in bulk, we fix inclined
retaining shelves in the hold. These retaining shelves are carried along the hold
from end to end, and their width is about one third of the width of the hold or
somewhat more. Usually we provide two retaining shelves on each side of the
ship, one over the other and parallel. The outer and lower edge of each shelf is at
about a foot distance or less from the ship's side, leaving just room for the grain to
flow down. The shelves are inclined at an angle of about 45 degrees, so that the
inner edge of the shelf, or that nearer the centre of the ship, is considerably higher
than the outer edge or that near the ship's side. The centre part of the hold is
left free from end to end, so that there is no impediment to the loading and
unloading as there is when central longitudinal shafting boards are employed, as is
now the usual practice.
In order to carry our retaining shelves, and at the same time to strengthen the
ship, we provide a framing within the hold consisting of two lines of columns or
uprights parallel to the keel, and supported by horizontal transverse ties passing
from side to side of the hold. On this framework rails are fixed horizontally and
longitudinally of the 'hold to carry the upper edges of the retaining shelves. Other
rails to carry the lower edges of the shelves are nxed to the ribs of the ship. These
rails may conveniently consist of trough or gutter irons, into which the ends of the
boards forming the shelf are received. To admit the boards a space the width of
a board is cut out from the top flange of the upper rail, and the boards are put in
at this point and slidden to their places. The last board may be fixed by bolts.
. These retaining shelves will not require to be moved for getting the cargo in or
out, but still can be removed with great facility to prepare the ship for other service.
We prefer that the hold should be of the full depth of the ship without lower deck,
but our Invention is applicable where a lower deck is provided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR FORCING AIR AND WATER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anton Graf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1880.
ANTON GRAF, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS FOR FORCING AIR AND WATER."
My improvements in pumps differ from other pumps by their simplicity of
construction and by their capability of accomplishing a great amount of work with
very little labor in a short time.
According to the first part of my improvements I construct a simple air pump for
diving or other purposes with a vertical oscillating cylinder, by means of which one
man is able to pump air enough for two divers.
The weight of a complete air pump for this purpose need not exceed 25 to 30
pounds, the pump having a pressure of over 12 atmospheres.
This improved air pump can be made of any size required, so as to render it
suitable for mining, melting furnaces, and other purposes.
The cylinder of this improved air pump is fixed in a vertical position between a
foundation plate of wood, metal, or other material, and the lever by which it is
actuated.
On each side of the cylinder are the tubes or passages, which are connected with
central tubes or passages, and with either the drawing or the forcing valves. The
valves themselves consist of very thin small pieces of metal, and are actuated by
the slightest current of air.
I construct a pump for pumping water or other liquid on the same system as the
air pump previously described, with the difference that the cylinder of the pump is
fixed in a horizontal position, the piston rod being arranged with a slide to move
between guide bars.
The pump has six valves, four for drawing the water in, and two for forcing
it out.
This improved pump can be made of various sizes suitable for being used as a
fire engine, beer, or garden pump, or it can also be used for mining and other
works and purposes with great advantage, as it effects a great saving of power and
labor.
This improved pump is formed with a tube or passage communicating with each
end of the cylinder, in which tube or passage there are four drawing in valves in
the form of springs. These valves are made so light and work so easy that they do

page_text: not in the least interfere with the easy working of the pump. In the outlet tube
there are forcing valves made of leather or other suitable material and metal.
The water or liquid which is forced out by these two valves unites in the outlet
tube or passage.
The pump cylinder has at each end a narrow slit or opening which communicates
with the connecting tube or passage, and which effects the entrance of the water
into the pump cylinder.
The pump cylinder is closed by two covers, on the first of which is the stuffing
box and the guide bars, which are also fixed to the foundation plate, to which the
actuating lever is also fixed. The piston rod is set in motion by two connecting
rods which are connected with the sliding block and piston rod, the mechanism for
actuating which may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF STEEL RAILS, CROPS, SCRAP, OR OTHER STEEL, AND IN THE PROCESS THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard John Letcher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1880.
RICHARD JOHN LETCHER, of Pontardulais, in the County of Carmarthen.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF STEEL RAILS, CROPS, SCRAP, OR OTHER
STEEL, AND IN THE PROCESS THEREFOR."
My Invention has for its object the conversion of steel rails, crops, scrap, or other
steel, into bars suitable for the manufacture of tin or terne plates, black plates,
stamping or other sheets, or rods for wire.
It consists, firstly, in the steel to be used for the purpose being hammered and
cut into suitable lengths (advantageously about twelve inches, more or less). They
are then piled and beated in a balling, puddling, or other suitable furnace, to a
welding heat, and then immediately hammered under a steam hammer into a
solid piece, reheated in the furnace, and rolled into the required bars or rods.
Should the bars or rods be found to be harder than desirable for subsequent
rolling into plates, &c., in the rolling mills, I put between the pieces of steel during
the piling process, before placing them in the furnace, a certain quantity of crop
ends of iron bars or black plate shearings, suitably prepared, or other wrought
scrap iron, which has the effect of softening the steel bars or rods without
deteriorating the quality.
AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE LOADER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Greaves Hawksley and
Edmund Nowboult at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
23rd September 1880.
JOHN GREAVES HAWKSLEY and EDMUND NEWBOULT, both of Carver Street,
Sheffield. "AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE LOADER."
This Invention relates to an improved cartridge loader, and consists of a hopper
mounted on a frame or stand.
The lower portion of the hopper is provided with a throat which opens into one
end of a tube, preferably horizontal, with open ends; this tube is provided with a
sliding piece which can be slid by hand to and fro within it, and the said sliding
piece is formed with a cavity which runs vertically through it, and which serves to
measure the powder or shot required for each cartridge.
The opening from the hopper to the horizontal tube is made in the top side of
said tube at the back, and another opening is provided in the bottom side at the
front, the latter having also a small funnel fitted beneath it.
This funnel is carried by a bracket to which the before mentioned measuring
slide is attached; the said bracket having a foot which can slide between
guides on the base of the frame or stand which carries the whole. The funnel just
mentioned serves to receive the powder or shot, as the case may be, from the cavity
in the measuring slide, and it terminates in a tubo with an adjustable mouth piece
so as to guide the shot or powder accurately to the mouth of the cartridge being
filled, whether it be a long or a short one.
Two hoppers, one for powder and the other for shot, are preferably mounted on
one frame, and between them a plunger can be disposed for the purpose of driving
home a wad after each operation of putting in the powder and the shot has been
accomplished.
A guide is fitted to each sliding bracket and also under the plunger to hold the
cartridge case in position whilst being filled and rammed.
The mode of operation is as follows:--The cartridge case to be filled is placed
mouth upwards in the guide of the sliding bracket under the hopper containing the
powder, this being done whilst the said bracket is in the front; it is then slid to
the back, which motion brings the cavity in the measuring slide in communication
with the hopper by which it is filled with powder; the bracket is now slid forward,
31

page_text: which return motion shuts the communication between the measuring slide and
the hopper, and opens that between the said slide and the funnel beneath it; the
latter receiving the powder from the slide, and then delivering it accurately into
the cartridge case directly beneath. A wad is now inserted, and the case placed
under the plunger, when a sharp blow on the head of the latter drives home the 5
wad, and compresses the powder to its proper limits. The cartridge is next placed
under the shot hopper, and the process repeated. An instrument to head over the
end of the cartridge after the last wad is inserted and rammed home may be carried
on the framework of the apparatus if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC GAS LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1880. A communication
from abroad by Samuel Dukas, of Freiburg, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC
GAS LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS." [A communication from abroad
by Samuel Dukas, of Freiburg, in the Empire of Germany.]
The Invention communicated to me rolates to improvements in automatic gas
lighting and extinguishing apparatus.
In carrying out the Invention, a constant electric battery is employed for operating
the apparatus, the battery being of sufficient power to heat to red heat a suitably
placed platinum wire, the gas pipes serving as the conductors of the electric current
to the said platinum wire, the return of the current being effected by the electro
magnet employed and the other pole of the battery. An anchor is held, raised by
means of suitable springs, and to the anchor is attached a pawl or catch pressed by
a spring against a ratchet wheel, into the teeth of which the pawl gears so as to
turn the wheel one eighth of a revolution each time the pawl is drawn down by
the hereinbefore described anchor; and the said wheel being attached to a four way
cock this latter will be alternately opened and closed. A second cock is provided
in an opening leading from the gas passage for allowing the gas to issue under the
red hot platinum wire at each downward motion of the anchor.
By this arrangement, as soon as the electric current is closed, the anchor is drawn
down, thereby opening the two hereinbefore described cocks, and the gas issuing
from the latter cock is lighted by the heated platinum wire forming a small flame
which serves to light the gas issuing from the burner.
On the current being again closed, the gas will be turned off and the light
extinguished by the four way cock being turned another eighth of a revolution.
In this manner any number of gas burners may be lighted and extinguished
from any central station or point.
AN UNALTERABLE BANK CHEQUE
Year: 1880

page_text: "
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Simon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1880.
LEON SIMON, of 72, Harrow Road, in the County of Middlesex, Egg and Butter
Merchant. "AN UNALTERABLE BANK CHEQUE.
On the (by preference) left side or end of each cheque I mark off 2, 3, 4, 5, or
more narrow spaces or columns by vertical lines. Over the rightmost of these
spaces 1 print the word "units," or the letter "U"; on the 2nd space the word
'tens," or the letter "X"; on the 3rd, the word "hundreds," or the letter "C"; on
the 4th, the word "thousands," or the letter "M," and so on. I then subdivide
these spaces or columns by 10 horizontal lines, thus forming in each vertical
column 10 square spaces. In each one of the vertical columns I print the numerals
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, beginning at the topmost square space in each column.
In drawing a cheque, the drawer cancels (by puncturing or perforating with pen,
pencil, or other instrument, or in any other effectual manner), the numeral of each
decimal column for which (in pounds) the cheque is drawn. The amount of the
cheque cannot then be altered, because for effectuating an alteration the numeral or
numerals originally cancelled would have to be restored, which may (by perforation
or other effectual mode of cancellation) be made impossible. Accompanying this.
Specification is a model of a cheque supposed to be drawn for £369, the numeral in
each decimal column being cancelled by perforation as directed, including the
cancellation of the 0 in the "thousands" column. It thus appears that the cheque
comprises no thousands, and if the word "hundreds" in the body of the cheque
were altered to thousands, it would be necessary to restore the punctured 0 in the
thousands" column.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO WINE, SPIRIT, AND OTHER BOTTLES, TO PREVENT THE SURREPTITIOUS WITHDRAWAL OF THE CONTENTS THEREOF
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Betjemann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1880.
JOHN BETJEMANN, of the Firm of George Betjemann and Sons, of 36 and
38, Pentonville Road, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO WINE, SPIRIT, AND OTHER BOTTLES, TO PREVENT
THE SURREPTITIOUS WITHDRAWAL OF THE CONTENTS THEREOF."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus to be
applied to wine, spirit, and other bottles, to prevent the surreptitious withdrawal
of the contents thereof.
For this purpose I hinge a suitable number of legs or claws to a plate, such legs
or claws at their upper parts where they are hinged being forined with squared or
returned ends, and at their lower parts they are formed to take under or clip the
flange on the bottle neck.
Upon the top of this plate I form or fix vertically a stud or spindle, and upon
this stud or spindle I cause a lock of any suitable construction to travel, such lock
being preferably formed on its lower end with a disc or flange, the said stud or
spindle having a recess or recesses therein to receive the lock bolt or catch.
Or in some cases the stud or spindle may have a screw thread formed thereon,
and the lock may be threaded to correspond therewith and suitably modified, so
that instead of sliding upon the stud or spindle, it may be screwed up and down
thereon.
The underside of the plate is preferably provided with a disc of cork, india
rubber, or other suitable material.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The legs or claws are opened out upon their hinges, and the apparatus is placed
upon the bottle neck; the legs or claws are then pressed around the bottle neck,
and the lock is slidden or screwed upon the stud or spindle until it rests upon the
plate, and also upon the squared or returned ends of the legs or claws; the key is
then turned, locking the lock in such position, and thereby preventing any
movement of the legs or claws, and consequently the withdrawal of the contents of
the bottle, until the lock is unlocked by means of the key.
Or the lock may be fixed in position, and the disc or flange may be provided
with suitable fittings to slide up and down on the lock, and to be locked in
position when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE STARTING OF WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1880. A communication
from abroad by Richard Licbig, of Reudnitz, near Leipzig, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
A
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE STARTING OF WHEELED VEHICLES,"
communication from abroad by Richard Liebig, of Reudnitz, near Leipzig, in the
Kingdom of Saxony.
The Invention has for its object to reduce the amount of power necessary for
starting wheeled vehicles, and is more particularly applicable to four wheeled
vehicles. The Invention consists in attaching near the front axle of the vehicle a
bracket or brackets, and pivoting thereto a double armed upright lever, the lower
and shorter arm of which almost touches the road level, while the upper end is
connected with a chain or other trace attachment, the position of the lever being
such that the tractivo power applied to the vehicle causes the lever to touch
the road or penetrate into the latter, whereby the front axle is lifted, and the
weight of the carriage rests only on the hind axle, and on the said lever. It is
preferred to place the lever between two brackets, forming two equal angles with
the apex at the bottom, the lever being pivoted near the apex, and provided with
a counterweight, which acts in a contrary direction to the tractive force. The
longer lever arm is provided with a stop pin, which rests against the front part of
the brackets when the lever is in its extreme position, and for clearing obstacles on
the road over which the lower end of the lever passes; the lower arm is made in
two parts, so hinged together that only a backward turning of the lower extremity
is possible, and that it occurs when the pressure on the front of said extremity is
sufficient to overcome the pressure of a spring attached to the lever.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS EMPLOYED FOR INCREASING THE CIRCULATION OF WATER IN MARINE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Walton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1880.
JOHN. GEORGE WALTON, of London. in the County of Middlesex, Marine
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS EMPLOYED FOR
INCREASING THE CIRCULATION OF WATER IN MARINE AND OTHER STEAM
BOILERS."
Hitherto in marine, Cornish, and other like boilers, the water therein when
undergoing ebullition has been found to have in many cases an imperfect circulation,
and at parts remain almost "dead," as for example, the part situate between the
outer bottom of the fire chamber and the boiler shell, thereby inducing a deposit of
earthy material, which, forming an incrustation upon the interior of that part of
the boiler, hastens the destruction of the material composing the boiler shell, and
necessitates constant attention and frequent repairs.
To remedy the above and other concomitant evils is the object of my said
Invention, and to carry out the same I cause the pipe usually fitted to supply the
boiler with feed water to enter the boiler at the usual or any convenient part, and
proceeding onwards into the interior of the same to traverse that portion of the
boiler where the circulation is considered or expected to be most defective. At
this spot the feed water pipe is made to partake somewhat of the form and duties
of an injector, by means of which the local "dead" water or comparatively sluggish
water is drawn or received within the said feed water pipe, intermingling with the
feed water therein, and impelled onward to that point within the boiler where it
is desirable the feed water should be distributed, consequently producing by this
compulsory exchange of place a better circulation of the contents of the boiler than
would otherwise be the case.
It is of course understood that the usual mechanical means or appliances are
employed to force or drive the feed water through the so called injector and into
the boiler.
The construction and principle of the injector being so well known, any further
description may be unnecessary.