IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STRUCTURE AND APPLIANCES OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Moore, of Cannon Street West, in the City
of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
STRUCTURE AND APPLIANCES OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Moore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1862.
I, ROBERT MOORE, of Cannon Street West, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE STRUCTURE AND APPLIANCES OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
According to my Invention I substitute iron or other metallic substances
corrugated either transversely, longitudinally, or diagonally, for materials now
usually employed in construction or fitting up of certain parts of the said
ships or vessels, especially to replace or to strengthen the present system of
framing, whether such corrugated iron be laid vertically, horizontally, or
diagonally for midship line strengthenings in the nature of girders for keels or
keelsons, for ties or stringers in strengthening or in rendering more buoyant
the bottoms, and for decks, ceilings, and other coverings, linings, or strength-
enings, whether laid vertically, horizontally, or at an inclination from the
horizontal line. The corrugated iron is employed alone or with any other
substance, according to the nature of the work and the objects for which the
ship or vessel is intended. By this system floors, the great obstacle to

page_text: efficacious diagonal work, may be dispensed with, and hulls nay thus be con-
structed without floors, either with or without fore and aft strengthenings. I
fit and rig masts intended to carry latteen or latine sails and auxiliary power
applied thereto in such manner that the carrying of such sails and others set aloft
on the same-mast may be rendered safe and available for all classes of navigable
vessels. This is effected by any auxiliary power, which is set in motion with
or without the manual power of the crew, and acts on the tackle for hoisting.
There is an arrangement by a guide or guides attached to the mast and by
guys acting with the hoisting gear for steadying the yard in hoisting, short-
ening, or lowering the sail. There is an arrangement for securing the yard
when hoisted, and contrivances for the ready lowering and shortening such sails.
I employ apparatus for steering from below the water line without prejudice
to arrangements for transmitting power from the deck, whether by the ordinary
rudder or by transverse screws. This is effected by rods, bars, or other con-
trivances passed through stuffing boxes, or by wheels or chains working in
water-tight cases or boxes and receiving their motion from the interior of the
ship, below the line of flotation. As an auxiliary in steering, under certain cir-
cumstances I employ centre boards or plates, one at or near the bow and another
at or near the stern, so connected in their action that the lifting of the forward
one and the lowering of the after one will make the vessel turn by her stern and.
vice versa. I employ magnetic indicators for steering or laying the vessel's course
or correcting the magnetic variations of such indicators or of the radiated card
or table commonly called the mariner's compass, for which purpose I use three
or more magnets, peculiarly secured or suspended in any convenient manner
in one instrument, but not necessarily in the same plan, and which indicate
approximately the natural direction of the magnetic current. In respect of
or derrick
cranes for ships or other floating bodies instead of the usual jib
hoist I construct for this purpose a moveable travelling cranc, with rolling
frame and other necessary adjustments, characterized by a system of levers
or lifts, by which the load is shifted in the desired direction for loading or
discharging. I use double or shifting shafts for driving propellers and for the
appropriate gearing and appliances therefor, and I connect propellers to such
shaft or shafts applicable for working partially below the line of keel or bottom
of the said vessels. I remove accumulations of water and dangerous gases.
and foul air in the holds or other parts of such vessels by apparatus having
projecting tubular or hollow artus or branches, the section of whose orifice is
at right angles or nearly so to the axis of the column or conduit by which the
gas, air, or water is raised or expelled, which arms or branches work in the:
fluid gas or air to be carried off. To clear the limber ways when stopped up.

page_text: or choked, which prevents the passage of water to the principal apparatus, I
use a system of chains or combination of rods and chains passing fore and aft
(through the usual apertures in floors, where floors are used) with a revolving
or reciprocating action imparted either by the principal apparatus or by an
independent contrivance, and so disposed as to act in any one or more of the
compartments, without prejudice to the separation to be maintained by trans-
verse bulkheads. I employ for the ventilation of the vessels tubes varying in
their application according to the direction to be given to the current of
ventilation, but having for each circuit an induction and an eduction port.
The peculiarity of this arrangement is that at or below the eduction port is a
rotating jacket or chamber with an orifice for the admission into the chamber
of atmospheric air, which in certain cases may require to be artificially excited
for the purpose. This again communicates with an internal tube or passage
by means of apertures in the ventilator, and this passage leads to or nearly
to the top or opening of the eduction port with reduced space so as to con-
tract the exit of air, of which it is the intended channel. The orifice above-
mentioned is retained in the direction opposed to the wind by any self-acting
or adjusting contrivance, and thereby a quantity of air is admitted to the
revolving jacket, which passes by apertures into the interior channel, and is
forced through its contracted space so as to act somewhat in the nature of a
blow pipe, expelling continuously the terminal volume of ventilation from the
eduction port. I apply steam or hydraulic power with any appropriate
system of levers, chains, wheels, pinions, racks, pawls, ropes, and pulleys, or
any combination of two or more of them for the purpose of raising shot. and
working guns aboard such vessels. I use gutta percha, caoutchouc, or other
elastic or tenacious material, alone, or in combination with other materials, as
well as solid, metallic, or other substances for filling, facing, coating, or lining
corrugated metals used as before-mentioned. I employ aluminium in parts of
my magnetic indicator, and I use glycerine or other suitable fluids as a means.
of suspension for the indices thereof.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Robert Moore in the Great Seal Patent Office on the-
10th November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
35 MOORE, of Cannon Street West, in the City of London, Engineer, send.
greeting

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Robert Moore, Her special licence that 1, the said Robert Moore,
iny executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert
Moore, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise. and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STRUCTURE
AND APPLIANCES OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Robert Moore, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
⚫ NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Moore, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and
figures marked thereon; that is to say :-
According to my Invention I substitute iron or other metallic substance
corrugated either transversely, longitudinally, or diagonally, for the materials
now usually employed in constructing or fitting up certain parts of ships or
vessels as follows; that is to say, to replace or to strengthen the present
system of framing, whether such corrugated iron be laid vertically, horizon-
tally, or diagonally; for midship line strengthening in the nature of girders;
for keels or keelsons; for ties or stringers, in strengthening or in rendering
more buoyant the bottoms, and for decks, ceilings, and other coverings, linings,
or strengthenings, whether laid vertically, horizontally, or at an inclination
from the horizontal line. The corrugated iron is employed alone or with
any other substance according to the nature of the work, and the objects for
which the ship or vessel is intended. By this system floors, the great obstacle
to efficacious diagonal work, may be dispensed with, and bulls may thus be
constructed without floors, either with or without fore and aft strengthenings.
No Drawing is necessary to shew the practical application of this part of
my Invention, as the mode of using corrugated metal for other constructive

page_text: purposes is well understood, and may easily be adapted to the objects proposed
by me in this part of my Invention. In respect of this part of my Invention
I claim the use of corrugated metal as described.
I employ apparatus for steering froin below the water-line, without pre-
judice to arrangements for transmitting power from the deck, whether by the
ordinary rudder or transverse screws; this I effect by rods, bars, or equivalent
contrivances, passed through stuffing boxes, or by wheels or chains working
in water-tight cases or boxes, the said wheels, chains, rods, bars, or con-
trivances receiving their motion from the interior of the ship below the line
of flotation. As an auxiliary in steering under certain circumstances, I
employ centre boards or plates, one at or near the bow, and another at or
near the stern, so connected in their action that the lifting of the forward oue
and the lowering of the after one, and reversing, will make the vessel turn
by her stern, and vice versa.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation showing certain parts of a ship for the
purpose of illustrating the application of these and other herein-after men-
tioned arrangements. B is the first of the apparatus in this part of my
Invention, in which rods worked through stuffing boxes with a hydraulic ram
attached and connected by chains to the rudder; and Figure 2B an enlarged
sectional elevation, b chains, and the stuffing box below the water line.
C, C, Fig. 1 are centre boards or plates for the second apparatus of this part
of my Invention, worked separately or simultaneously by levers e, c, and rods
ff, with hand levers at g, g. At D, Figure 1, and in Figure 3 is exemplified
the third apparatus of this part of my Invention. d, d, are transverse screws
driven by chains on pegged wheels h, h, an end view of which is given at
Figure 3, and cranks i, i, in a water-tight chamber with stuffing boxes k, k.
In respect of this part of my Invention I claim the employment of rods, bars,
or equivalent contrivances, chains or wheels as and for the purposes described.
Also I claim the use of centre boards or plates arranged in the manner and
for the purpose described; also I claim the combination of transverse screws
with chains or wheels, or with rods, bars, or equivalent contrivances geared or
direct-acting in the manner and for the purpose described.
I employ magnetic indicators for steering or laying the vessel's course or
correcting the magnetic variations of such indicators, or of the radiated card
or table commonly called the mariner's compass, for which purpose I use
3 or more magnets peculiarly secured or suspended as afterwards described,
in one instrument, but not necessarily in the same plane, and which indicate
approximately the natural direction of the magnetic current. The mode of
carrying this into effect is exemplified in Figure 4, which is a plan of a

page_text: magnetic indicator.
A is the graduated and radiated card or table, either
revolving on a pivot, or suspended so as to rotate freely on its axis, or else
floating in any suitable medium, which may vary according to the higher or
lower temperature in which the instrument is used. B is the directing
magnet of this table to which it is attached, as commonly done in the mariner's
compass. C, C, are auxiliary magnets with graduated ares or circles moving
on pivots attached to the table and rotating independently. In the normal
state of magnetism they will stand parallel or nearly so with the directing
magnet, and under any abnormal magnetic influence will deviate from their
parallel direction towards the point of exceptional attraction acting on the
directing magnet. The graduated ares will then mark the angle of deviation
and by that means the true and magnetic north points may be ascertained by
calculations familiar to mariners. When required to be employed in liquid,
I employ any arrangement for giving the card or table buoyancy, either by
air-tight boxes or tubular rings, spherical or other floats, or by making the
table as a hollow vessel, open, closed, or partially so; but by preference I
employ a tubular ring, and as a metallic substance for such purpose I prefer
aluminium, and for jointing or uniting the same I cover by electro-galvanism
with any suitable metallic covering the edges or surfaces to be soldered. In
respect of this part of my Invention I claim the arrangement of magnetic
indicator as described; also I claim the use of aluminium and the mode of
uniting or jointing the same; and the use of glycerine under certain circum-
stances as described.
For cranes of ships or other floating bodies loading and discharging, instead
of the usual jib or derrick-hoist, I construct moveable travelling cranes with
rolling carriages and other necessary adjustments characterized by a system
of levers, tilts, or lifts, by which the load is shifted in the desired direction for
loading or discharging. The mode of carrying this into effect is exemplified in
the Figure 5, a sile view, and Figure 5ª the plan. a, a, the vertical supports;
b, b, the gawntry frame with trams; c, c, the apparatus for tilting, bere
shewn as consisting of a spindle worked by a screw; and d, d, the quadrants
of a terminal truss, for strengthening the corresponding part of the frame.
In respect of this part of my Invention, I claim the mode of adjusting frames
of travelling cranes to adapt them for ships or vessels. Also I claim the
arrangement, combination, and application of apparatus for tilting, as
described, whether attached to or acting on the inner or outer end of such
cranes by any incchanical power.
I use double or shifting shafts for driving propellers, and with the appro-
priate gearing and appliances therefor; and I connect the propeller to such

page_text: shafts, so as to be applicable for working partially below the line of keel or
bottom of the vessel. This is sufficiently clear without special description.
E, Figure 1, shows an arrangement for the use of double shafts h, h, worked
by the main shaft and crauk, with 1 screw shaft i, coupling at k, k, with
either of the double or intermediate shafts, and rising or falling in an aper-
ture at L, in the post m. F, Figure 2, is another arrangement of the same
on an enlarged scale, with screw shafts uncoupling for withdrawing one screw
shaft to substitute the other at the change of position for the screw; n, n", in
both designs are frames for lifting as proposed; and o, o, the bydraulic ram,
or other power applied to lifting and lowering. In respect of this part of my
Invention, I claim the use of double shafts as described, and the use of screw
propellers adapted to work partially below the line of the keel in combination
with such shafts.
I remove accumulations of water and dangerous gases and foul air from
the holds or other parts of vessels by apparatus having projecting tubular
or hollow arms or branches, the section of whose orifices is at right or oblique
angles or nearly so to the axis of the column or conduit, by which the gas,
air, or water is raised or expelled, which arnis or branches work in the fluid,
gas, or air to be carried off. Figure 6, a sectional elevation, and Figure 6º,
a transverse section at B, B, illustrate this part of my Invention. A is a
hollow shaft, and B, B, hollow arms leading therein. If worked for ventila-
tion it should be raised to a sufficient elevation above the line at which it
works for raising water, with a view of more readily discharging the gases of
less specific gravity. This can be easily effected by having the lower part
of the shaft to slide within the upper parts. C is a deflector, by the action of
which the water is projected through the shaft; it may be of an angular or
curved section, but, by preference, I use a conical or conoid section. In
respect to this part of my Invention, I claim the arrangement of apparatus
described.
I employ for ventilating ships or vessels tubes varying in their application
according to the direction to be given to the current of ventilation, but having
for each circuit an induction and an eduction port. The peculiarity of this
arrangement is, that at or below the eduction port is a rotating jacket or
chamber with an orifice for the admission into the chamber of atmospheric
air, which in certain cases may require to be artificially excited for the
purpose. This again communicates with an internal tube or passage by means
of apertures in the ventilator, and this passage leads to or nearly to the top
or opening of the eduction port with reduced space, so as to contract the exit
of air, of which it is the intended channel. The orifice above mentioned is

page_text: retained in the direction opposed to the wind by any self-acting or adjusting
contrivance, and thereby a quantity of air is admitted to the revolving jacket,
which passes by apertures into the interior channel, and is forced through
its contracted space, so as to act somewhat in the nature of a blow-pipe,
expelling continuously the terminal volume of ventilation from the eduction
port. This ventilator is exemplified in Figures 7 and 7ª. Figure 7 is the
elevation, and Figure 7, the vertical section. A is a terminal tube, which
communicates with the internal channels of ventilation, and has a moveable
cowl a at top; B, b, is the rotating jacket or air chamber; and C the per-
forated apertures of the blast pipe d, d. The blast pipe may terminate, as
shown in the Drawing, or be carried round the tube as a ring with per-
forations on the upper side, so as to give several jets of air round the tube.
In respect of this part of my Invention, I claim the arrangement and com-
bination of parts constituting the ventilating apparatus described.
I use gutta percha, caoutchouc, or other elastic or tenacious material alone
or in combination with other materials, as well as solid, metallic, or other
substances for filling, facing, coating, or lining corrugated metals used as
before mentioned. In respect of this part of my Invention, I claim the use
of gutta percha, caoutchouc, or other elastic or tenacious material in manner
and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Moore, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
ROBERT MOORE. (L.S.)
Witness,
JOHN PICKERING.