matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TILTING BARRELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clough and Tom
Child at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th September 1870.
We, WILLIAM CLOUGH and TOM CHILD, both of Leeds, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TILTING BARRELS," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements consist in tilting barrels without disturbing the
sediment, and with greater facility than hitherto.
On a screw of suitable diameter and length I fit a hand wheel pro-
vided with a thread acting as a nut, arranged so as to work thereon.
On the screw, so as to slide freely, is provided a hollow shaft or tube of
any required length, one end of which is arranged so as to work against
the face of the boss on the hand wheel. One end of both screw and
tube is forked and pointed, or made of any other convenient form for
the purpose of forming a point of abutment or attachment. The barrel
being placed on the quantree or other support in the usual way one of
the forked ends is placed on the top of the barrel near the front, and the

page_text: other forked end against the ceiling or some other suitable part or pro-
jection. By turning the hand wheel acting as nut to the right or the
left, as required, the front end of the barrel is either raised or lowered,
and thereby the necessary tilting to any required angle performed in a
perfectly steady and easy manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Macaulay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1870.
I, HENRY MACAULAY, of Kingston-on-Thames, in the County of Surrey,
Lieutenant in the Fifth Royal Lancashire Regiment of Militia, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct drop block arms in a very
simple manner, in order to render them less costly than those at present
constructed, and this I accomplish by pivotting the block upon a trans-
verse pin, the ends of which rest in the side walls of a box or chamber
formed at the rear end of the barrel. This pin also carries a rock or
double-ended lever, one end of which finds a lodgment on the “small”
of the stock when the breech is closed, while the other lies in a slot in
the under side of the block. The fore end or nose of this under piece is
so made that it strikes upon the top of the hammer or exploder, and
forces it down until the trigger falls into the full bent; this depression
contracts the mainspring and holds the exploder at full-cock.
The

page_text: mainspring and sear spring are preferably composed of one piece of
metal, and the meeting end or bent over portion is so shaped that it fits
a shoe or recess in the upper surface of the trigger plate. The rear
-portion of the box in which the block works is formed with a tang, and
it is fixed firmly to the stock by a screw or nail taking into it, the
screw passing up from or through the trigger plate. The rear end of
the barrel is formed with a lump on its under side for the reception of
another screw, which passes up through the fore end of the trigger plate.
These are the only screws required to hold the rear portion of the barrel
and the block mechanism, and extractor in place. The stock is less cut
away than usual, and either the barrel and the parts connected with
it or the mainspring with the trigger plate and its appendages can be
released by simply removing or loosening the screws.
In the arm above mentioned no, helical spring is employed, but by
modifying the arrangement a helical spring may be used; in that case
the tumbler is acted upon by a tail piece of the block. The trigger plate.
may have side cheeks on it, which are carried up to the transverse pin,
and serve to strengthen the arm at that part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1870. A communication from abroad by Camille Rolland, of
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer.
-
"
I, ROBERT BOYD, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent
Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES,”
communicated to me from abroad by Camille Rolland, of Brussels, in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer, to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in so constructing machines for weighing
purposes that a constant counterpoise may be used in connection with an
indicator dial adapted thereto for light objects, and the same machine
used for weighing heavier objects by increasing the weight of the
counterpoise, and adapting the same or other indicator dial to the
purpose of registration.
The improvements may be conveniently performed by making the
support or body carrying the receptacle or platform for receiving the
object to be weighed of a pedestal form or shape of metal, wood, or any

page_text: convenient material, in, on, or through which a moveable lever or arm
may work carrying a constant or moveable weight, said lever or arm
also carrying at one end the indicator, which when in use traverses a
curved dial plate or plates furnished with suitable indices, said plate
being attached conveniently to the base of the pedestal, the other end
of the moveable lever or arm being in direct communication with or
otherwise connected with and actuated by the receptacle, platform, or
basin when in use.
Generally I prefer to have one dial plate, as above, but with two series
of indices thereon, one for the constant weight used for light materials, 1
the other for increased or heavier weight used for heavy materials; but
I do not limit myself to two, as only one, or three, or more series of
indices or indicator plates may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STUFFING BOXES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ross Simey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1870.
I, CHARLES Ross SIMEY, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STUFFING BOXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the construction of stuffing boxes,
applicable to rudder heads, piston rods, shafting and other uses, with
a packing more economical and durable, as well as more easily replaced
when required than the packing in ordinary use for such purposes.
And my Invention consists in the use of a ring of metal, or other
suitable material, either in segments or merely divided, such ring being
bevilled so as to correspond with suitable bevilling of the gland and
the box. As the ring wears it is tightened as required by screwing
down the gland, by which means the bevilled portions of the gland
and the box respectively will be caused to press against the corresponding
portions of the ring and force it in contact with the rudder head or
other piece of mechanism to which the stuffing box is applied. Owing

page_text: to the bevil of the packing ring being alike at the top and bottom the
internal surface of the ring will be brought into contact with the rudder
head, rod; or shaft equally throughout, thereby retaining such piece of
mechanism firmly in a central position, and forming a joint which may
when desired be made fluid tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING OILS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Anderson McIntosh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st July 1870.
I, JAMES ANDERSON MCINTOSH, of Leith, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING OILS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
"
This Invention, which relates to the distillation of oils, whereby they
are rendered inodorous or nearly so, and made much purer in colour than
can be effected by the expensive processes at present practised, consists in
the preparation of a solution of "milk of lime," which is formed by
"slakening or dissolving about two parts of best lump lime to one
part of water; this "milk of lime" is passed through a sieve into any
suitable receptacle, from which the surface water may be run off every
morning or at other suitable intervals, the product is then well stirred
to incorporate it thoroughly, and is then passed into the still in the
proportion suited for the oil to be operated upon, (be it a mineral oil,
such as 1st distilled paraffin blue oil, or vegetable, such as 1st distilled

page_text: rozin oil, or an animal, such as black pressed cod oil, or these oils in their
combinations with each other for their respective uses, such as rozin oil
with the paraffin for a lubricant, or the cod oil with the rozin oil for a
"cloth oil," and then agitated together until thoroughly incorporated
and forming a soft grease, after which soda crystals in the proportion
suited for the oil operated upon are added to the mass, which is again
agitated until the crystals are dissolved. The still is then put in order
and fired, and the slower and more gentle the distillation is effected the
better will be the oil in smell, purity, and brightness of colour.
The proportions of the above-mentioned substances preferred to bo
employed under one modification of the process are about 60 gallons of
the milk of lime to 30 cwt. of, say, 1st distilled paraffin blue oil, with the
addition thereto of about 2 cwt. of the soda crystals.
"
It is to be understood that although paraffin, rozin, and cod oils only
are mentioned in the outline of the process herein described, the process
is equally applicable to all oils, whether mineral, vegetable, or animal, and
also their several combinations that require improvement in deodorization,
purification, or in colour, and the process is not confined to the treat-
ment of oils which have been once distilled, as it may be equally
applicable to their first distillation or any subsequent distillation.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MANURES FROM TRIBASIC PHOSPHATES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berger Spence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1870.
.
I, JOHN BERGER SPENCE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MANURES FROM TRIBASIC PHOSPHATES," to
be as follows:
-
My Invention consists in a method of dissolving tribasic phosphates,
which, as is well known, are in their native state insoluble or nearly so.
According to the usual method of treating these substances sulphuric
acid is employed, but I find that a more beneficial effect is produced by
using phosphoric acid, and the employment of which constitutes my
Invention either by itself or in combination with other solvents, as, for
instance, the aforesaid sulphuric acid.
IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF SCREW PROPELLERS AND STEERING APPARATUS POR NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ashley Clayton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1870.
I, WILLIAM ASHLEY CLAYTON, of Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF SCREW PROPELLERS AND STEERING APPARATUS
POR NAVIGABLE VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide sailing ships with efficient
screw propellers and steering apparatus, whereby during calms, when
moving into and out of port, and at other times when the force of the
wind cannot be utilized, such ships can be moved on the water in the
desired direction.
For these purposes I employ :-
First. A screw propeller fitted on a jointed shaft in such manner that
the screw and after end of the shaft can be raised upwards out of the
water when the ship is under sail in combination with two lifting.angular
steering blades or boards. These blades or boards are adjusted to work
through slots or openings, one on each quarter of the ship, at an angle of

page_text: somewhere about 28° to the centre line, and they serve to steer by,
more or less of the surface of one or the other of them being caused to
project through the skin of the ship. The screw propeller with the aft
end of the after piece of the shaft and also each of the angular steering
blades or boards is raised and lowered from the deck through a screwed
rod fitted with a nut and operating handle, or by any other equivalent
or suitable raising and lowering means or mechanism. The said rod is
coupled to the screw or its shaft, and to the steering blades or boards
and rises upwards through openings in the ship to the deck.
Second. An overhung screw propeller, that is, a propeller outside the
stem post in combination with two lifting angular steering blades or
boards of the kind described in the above first combination.
Third. A screw propeller with feathering blades in combination with
two lifting angular steering blades or boards of the kind described in
the above first combination.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPLYING TUBES OF PAPER OR OTHER MATERIAL TO SPINDLES OF MULES AND OTHER SPINNING OR DOUBLING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Wilkinson, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Yarn Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPLYING TUBES OF PAPER OR OTHER MATERIAL TO SPINDLES OF
MULES AND OTHER SPINNING OR DOUBLING MACHINES."
Sealed the 22nd December 1870, and dated the 1st October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Wilkinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st October 1870..
I, FREDERICK WILKINSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Yarn Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING TUBES OF PAPER OR OTHER MATERIAL TO SPINDLES
OF MULES AND OTHER SPINNING OR DOUBLING MACHINES," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to a method of applying such tubes to spindles
as are now sometimes adopted, and which according to the usual practice
are previously formed and then adapted to the said spindles.

page_text: According to my Invention I coil paper, lead foil, or other suitable
material upon the spindles themselves, and thus form the desired series
of tubes. The method I propose to adopt is to employ a strip of paper
or other material which may be drawn from a reel or similar apparatus
across the line of spindles, and then by means of advancing instruments
to sever it into lengths, which the said instruments lap around the
spindles and press thereon by a spring clamp. To facilitate the severance
into lengths I propose to perforate the strip of paper or other material
at those lines where it is to be pasted, and to further assist this operation
the said strip may pass as it is drawn forward in contact with a wet
surface.
If the nature of the material require it the strip may be furnished with
gum or other substance to secure a joint.
I propose to place the severing apparatus behind the carriage, but it
may be adapted in any other convenient situation.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING PRIMING IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert John Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
July 1870.
I, ROBERT JOHN SCOTT, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Lighterman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING PRIMING IN STEAM BOILERS,”
to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has reference to preventing priming in steam boilers,
and the following is a simple construction of my new or improved
apparatus for accomplishing such object :-
In applying this Invention to that class of steam boilers having steam
chests I fix over the man-hole, or the hole through which the steam
passes from the boiler into the steam chest, a perforated plate of metal or
other suitable material in such a manner that it may be readily removed
when required, and attach thereto a receptacle covered in by a perforated
lid, which receptacle I partly or wholly fill with small shingle or other
similar or suitable substance, so that the steam on its road from the
boiler to the steam chest must pass through the said shingle or other

page_text: similar or suitable substance, thus preventing the water accompanying
it into the steam chest. Or the said shingle or other similar or suitable
substance instead of being enclosed in a separate casing or receptacle
may be simply thrown loose into the steam chest, but so as to com-
pletely cover over the said perforated plate, and thus compel the steam
to pass through it, and in many cases this is found quite sufficient.
In other descriptions of boilers, or when for any reason desirable, I fix
an apparatus similar to that first above described over the mouth of the
pipe which conveys the steam from the boiler.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED CLOTH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bartlemore Birtill at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th December 1870.
I, SAMUEL BARTLEMORE BIRTILL, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED CLOTH," to be as
follows:-
A great defect in felted cloth as hitherto manufactured is that it is
too elastic, and is liable to be stretched and pulled out of shape, and the
object of my Invention is to remedy this defect.
My Invention consists principally in introducing into the body of
the fabric, during the process of manufacture, yarns or strands of
inelastic material disposed either in the form of warp and weft, or
arranged so as to cross each other diagonally from side to side, or in
any other suitable manner, so as to strengthen the fabric and prevent
it from being stretched or pulled out of shape. These strands may be
placed an inch apart, or more or less close together, according to the
nature or quality of the felted cloth, and the purpose to which it is to
be applied. The yarns or strands are to be made (by preference) of

page_text: tr
worsted or woollen material, but may be of cotton, linen, or other
suitable material if preferred, and are to be laid in the centre of the
fabric or between the layers or 'plies" of the fleece as it is being
formed preparatory to the felting operation, and when the fabric is
subsequently felted in the usual manner the strands will be concealed in
the centre of the cloth, and will give a strength and inelasticity to the
fabric not hitherto possessed by felted cloth, and entirely obviate the
defect above named to which all such cloth has been hitherto liable.
A CRICKETERS' BATTERY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Swain at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1870.
I, WILLIAM SWAIN, of Halifax, in the County of York, Professional
Cricketer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
CRICKETERS' BATTERY," to be as follows :=
.
The object of this Invention is to provide for the use of colleges,
schools, cricket clubs, or gymnastic clubs, and for private use facilities
for acquiring by a system of drill the art of batting, that is, playing the
drives, cuts, and hits. For this purpose I provide a number of stands
each having an adjustable arm or socket, which by set screws and toothed
or corrugated surfaces may be arranged to any desired angle and altitude.
In and projecting from the said socket is a spiral spring; on the end of
the protruding part of the spring is a cup to which is secured a cricket
ball (which by preference I make of india-rubber). The stands are
secured to the ground at proper distance from the pupil and the movable
arms or sockets are adjusted representing balls, leg side, leg hit, inside
leg, centre, off play, cut in front of point, cut proper, cut behind point.
This apparatus, which I term a cricketers' battery, affords a ready means

page_text: of acquiring the desired precision and accuracy of stroke or handling the
bat and furnishes a healthy exercise (indoors) and preparatory course
of instruction.
Blade springs may be employed provided with cups and balls as above
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING AND IMPROVING VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL OILS AND FATS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hutchison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1870.
I, ROBERT HUTCHISON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Oil Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING AND IMPROVING VEGETABLE AND
ANIMAL OILS AND FATS," to be as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention has for its object the bleaching and improving of
vegetable and animal oils and fats in a novel and economical manner,
and without the expence of working machinery; and it consists in
simply keeping the oils or fats in a heated state for a length of time,.
and with as large a surface as is conveniently manageable exposed to the
air, or to both air and light. The oil or fat may be treated in shallow.
open tanks heated by steam or hot water pipes or jackets, or by flues..
A moderate heat is sufficient, such, for example, as 180 degrees Fahren-
heit, but it may be varied, whilst it will depend on the color or condition
of the oil or fat.
The presence of water in the tanks is not objectionable

page_text: and may be beneficial in some cases.
The duration of the exposure will
vary with the quality of the oil and temperature employed; but, as an
example, it may be stated that brown rapeseed oil can be bleached by
the process in from three to four days.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEQUES, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, AND OTHER LIKE DOCUMENTS FOR THE PURPOSE OF Preventing FraAUD
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1870.
I, JOHN RICHARDS, of Colebrook Row, in the County of Middlesex,
Coal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEQUES, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, AND OTHER LIKE DOCUMENTS FOR
THE PURPOSE OF Preventing FraAUD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of fraud by affording
a ready means for detecting a forgery in the case of cheques, bills of
exchange, and other like monetary documents, and consists in printing
or otherwise producing on the counterfoil or other convenient part of
a cheque for example a number of letters or figures arranged in rows
or columns, in any order, irregular or otherwise, one or more of which
constitute the private mark of the drawer of the cheque, such private
mark being communicated to him by his banker ;, and also in printing or
otherwise producing on the same cheque or counterfoil an index, also
consisting of letters or figures arranged in any order of sequence
irregular or otherwise, each of such index letters or figures being
opposite to a row or column of the private letters or figures above-

page_text: mentioned.. In any other convenient part of the cheque. there are.
printed or otherwise produced one or more private marks of any
kind known only to bankers (in practice it will be found convenient.
that these bankers" private marks should consist of certain letters or
figures) by which the banker can at once discover the particular index
letter or figure for that particular cheque, which must be written on the
cheque by the drawer before it is presented, the said index letter or
figure being always found in the index row or column opposite to the
letter or figure which the banker has privately communicated to his
customer as the customer's private mark. Each cheque in a cheque
_book_may_ bear a different arrangement both of the customer's private
marks, the index marks, and the banker's marks, letters, or figures.
Supposing a fraud be attempted by presenting a forged cheque, bill, or
other such monetary document to a bank it will be at once detected by
the fact of its not bearing the proper index number or letter correspond.
ing to the line containing the customer's private letter or figure..
According to another modification the several private letters or
figures of the customers are produced in various colors on the different
cheques, and the index consists of a series of colored divisions corres-
ponding to the different colors in which the customer's private marks
are produced on that particular cheque. The banker's private mark
serves to indicate to him the particular letter or figure on that particular
In drawing a
cheque corresponds to the customer's private mark.
cheque the customer first looks. what color his own peculiar letter or
figure is printed in, and then strikes his pen through the corresponding
color in the index..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MUFFS, LADIES' COLLARS, TRIMMINGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1870.
I, JOSEPH CLARK, of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MUFFS, LADIES' COLLARS, TRIMMINGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
"
This Invention has reference to the novel application of cider down
in the manufacture of muffs, ladies' collars, trimmings, and other similar
articles, for which purpose I deodorize the cider down by steaming or
cleaning, and I use it in combination with and attached by hand or
machine stitching to a backing formed of calico, linen, or other similar
material of the required shape interposed between the eider down and
the silk or other lining of the muff or other article.
"
In some cases I apply the cider down as described in conjunction with
swan or goose down for the purpose of obtaining variety of design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING, BRUSHING, AND POLISHING TIN PLATES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Isaac Evans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1870.
I, JOHN ISAAC EVANS, of Merthyr Tydvil, in the County of Glamorgan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING, BRUSHING, AND POLISHING TIN PLATES," to be
as follows:
In
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of
apparatus whereby the surfaces of tin plates can be more effectually and
rapidly cleansed, brushed, and polished than by the means hitherto
used. The apparatus mainly consists in the arrangement of a series of
rollers and brushes, supported by suitable framework, motion being
imparted where desired by means of any available motive power.
the first instance the plates are passed between two india-rubber rollers,
which feed and push the same into and through a box filled with bran,
at the end of which are two stationary brushes arranged one above the
other, and by which the bran is detached from the surface of the plates,
and also forced back or returned into the box. The distance between

page_text: the brushes is regulated according to the thickness of the plate, and
the number of bran boxes and brushes employed may vary with the
quality or nature of the plates under treatment. The plates are then
pushed or fed by means of india-rubber rollers of the same description
as those before mentioned between circular revolving brushes, from
which they pass between revolving polishing rollers which are covered
with felt, sheep skin, flannel, cloth, or any other material adapted to
the purpose, as will be well understood. The series of polishing rollers
may vary in number according to the nature and quality of the plates
to be cleansed and polished. The surplus or used bran is withdrawn
into suitable receptacles by means of slides or other known contrivances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING LARD
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1870.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS SHAW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Pork Butcher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING LARD," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the application to vats or pans used in the
preparation of lard of revolving arms in conjunction with stationary
arms, whereby the material is stirred or agitated and the whole blended
into a comparatively uniform mass.
Or according to another arrangement I use two sets of revolving arms
moving in opposite directions or at different speeds. For the purpose of
cooling the lard I propose to form stationary or moveable arms hollow,
and to supply them with water or air which flows or is forced through
them. If it be desired to heat the lard the cooling fluid may be with-
drawn and steam or hot air substituted. The arms may be disposed
vertically or horizontally.
AN IMPROVED GROUND ANCHOR TO FORM THE BASE OF A STRAINING POST TELEGRAPH POST, ALSO APPLICABLE TO ANY OTHER PURPOSE WHERE GREAT STRAIN IS REQUIRED
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robert Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1870.
I, JAMES ROBERT WILLIAMS, now residing at No. 135, Kings Road,
Chelsea, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GROUND ANCHOR TO FORM THE
BASE OF A STRAINING POST TELEGRAPH POST, ALSO APPLICABLE TO ANY OTHER
PURPOSE WHERE GREAT STRAIN IS REQUIRED," to be as follows :-
The improved ground anchor is composed of a piece of gas barrel of
size and length in proportion to the strain required; iron wedge at
bottom to open the ground as the barrel is driven down. The wedge
being driven about 1 inch further than the barrel forms a splitting base
for opening or dividing four or more iron fangs or rods which shall
be driven in at top, the heads being held firmly together & protruding
some 18 inches or 2 feet at bottom in proportion to size of barrel
for the purpose required. The points of the fangs coming on the top of
the iron wedge splits or spreads open and bends in every direction round
any hard substance, thereby forming an exact resemblance to the roots
of a tree, a socket is then screwed on to the top of a barrel which

page_text: is kept just above the ground level which enables the person using the
anchor to make fast a standard post or any other apparatus that he
may require. The work being finished the anchor can be removed
with great facility by unscrewing the socket & drawing the fangs each
one seperately, leaving only the iron wedge in the ground. The anchor
can be fixed or drawn without disturbing the surface of the ground more
than a hole exactly the size in circumference of the outside of the
barrel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS FOR MARKING ON LINEN AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN MEANS CON- NECTED WITH THEIR USE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles McDermott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
June 1870.
I, CHARLES MODERMOTT, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PENCILS FOR MARKING ON LINEN AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN MEANS CON-
NECTED WITH THEIR USE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the means of indelibly
marking linen and other materials, and consists in the combination and
use of certain substances in the form and manner herein-after specified.
For the purposes of my Invention I employ in one case copper or iron
as a base, with an oxidizing agent or agents such as (preferably) chlorate
of potash and chloride of ammonium.
The following is the mode of manufacture:-The metal having been
reduced or dissolved is mixed with the said oxidizing agent or agents,.
with a proportion of black lead. This mixture is then incorporated
with a suitable binding material, such as gum or plaster of Paris, to
impart the cohesion required to enable the materials to be made up

page_text: in the form of a pencil by the means usually employed for making
ordinary black lead pencils. Instead of using the substances above
mentioned I may employ bichromate of potash, pulverized and mixed
with black lead. These materials may be made up into leads or pencils,
as in the former case, with the aid of a binding material if necessary
to give the required cohesion. In either case the black lead is added
in the required proportion to avoid brittleness and facilitate the pointing
of the pencil. In order to render these pencils applicable for marking
linen or other materials, I employ a salt of aniline in solution, with
which the part to be marked is imbued, and which acts as a mordant
on contact of the pencil with the material before drying. The salt of
aniline may be conveniently kept in a dry state in a suitable receptacle
provided for it in the pencil holder itself and dissolved as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE LOCAL DEVIATION OF THE MARINER'S COMPASS IN IRON OR OTHER SHIPS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Punshon, of 3, Saint Nicholas Build-
ings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE LOCAL DEVIATION OF THE MARINER'S
COMPASS IN IRON OR OTHER SHIPS."
Sealed the 2nd September 1870, and dated the 13th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Punshon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1870.
I, ROBERT PUNSHON, of 3, Saint Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE LOCAL DEVIATION OF THE MARINER'S
COMPASS IN IRON OR OTHER SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application to the north pole of a compass
needle of a light disc or wheel with a toothed or serrated edge, which by
its revolution in a groove with corresponding teeth or serrations on the

page_text: bottom of the compass serves to indicate the deviation of the needle from
the north. Another disc or wheel is applied to the south pole of the
needle for the purpose of balancing that at the north pole thereof and
preventing the latter from getting out of the serrated groove.
The said discs or wheels are equal in circumference to one quarter of
the circumference of the serrated groove, and the indicating disc or wheel
at the north pole of the needle is numbered on its face with the points
of the compass, one to eight, sixteen, or thirty-two, the deviation of the
needle from the north being indicated by the position of the disc or
wheel in relation to the end of the needle after setting the disc or wheel
with Number 1 uppermost or in a vertical line over the end of the
needle.
The said discs or wheels do not rest on the serrated groove but only
take into the serrations thereof as the indicating disc or wheel is caused
to revolve by the motion of the needle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Clegg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1870.
I, ARTHUR CLegg, of 31, Finsbury Place, in the Parish of St. Luke's,
Middlesex, Manufacturer of Sewing Machines, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of sewing machines known as
elliptic. In all elliptic sewing machines as hitherto constructed the
work is fed in a line with the shaft on which the hook revolves. Now
my Invention consists, first, in so arranging the hook and feed that the
work is fed at an angle (a right angle or any other angle) from the shaft
on which the hook revolves, whereby greater certainty of operation is
obtained and also more command over the garment to be sewn.

page_text: Secondly. The general construction of the machine is similar to the
Willcox and Gibbs', excepting that. in the place of the Willcox and
Gibbs' looper I put an elliptic hook and spool cases. By this com-
bination a lock stitch is produced which cannot be unravelled; the
Willcox and Gibbs' makes a loop stitch which can be unravelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULTITUBULAR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Colpman Bradshaw at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1870:
I, JOHN COLPMAN BRADSHAW, the younger, of Thrapstow, in the
County of Northampton, Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULTITUBULAR STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
The object of my Invention is the obtaining a larger heating surface in
multitubular steam boilers, and consists in bringing forward the cylin-
drical part of the boiler containing the boiler tubes so as to expose a
part of its outer cylindrical surface to the direct action of the fire in the
fire-box instead of having it outside the fire-box as in the present system.
The ends of the boiler tubes which terminate in the fire-box pass
through a plate of the same circumference as the boiler; this plate
serves for their support, and has a provision for the passage of the flames
and heat as usual. The distance to which the boiler is introduced within

page_text: the fire-box may vary, a sufficient space being left between it and the
side of the fire-box for the passage of the flames and heat therein as
usual.
The construction of the fire-box is modified so as to allow of carrying
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS FOR GAS, OR FOR BEER OR WINE OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tallis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1870.
I, FREDERICK TALLIS, of No. 83, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS FOR GAS, OR FOR BEER OR WINE
OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS," to be as follows:
-:
The object of this Invention is to provide a cock for gas, or for beer
or wine or other liquids or fluids that cannot be actuated or tampered or
meddled with without the employment of a movable key or other similar
instrument constructed only to fit the cock.
The Invention so far as it relates to gas cocks consists in the
application and use of a movable key or such like instrument fitted to
the exact size only to turn the cock it is intended for. The key fits
in a plug in the cock sunk in a cap, which cap is screwed, brazed, or
otherwise fastened on to the body of the cock over the nut and washer
as to securely enclose the same, in order that when the key is removed
the cock cannot be actuated or tampered with.

page_text: The improvement relating to cocks for beer, wine, or for other liquids
or fluids (with which cocks movable keys are ordinarily employed)
consists in the application and use of the above-mentioned cap at the
bottom of the plug of the cock, so as to enclose and secure the same
from being tampered with when the key has been removed.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SHARPENING SCISSORS, KNIVES, OR OTHER SIMILAR EDGED TOOLS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Sleigh and
John Richardson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th January 1870.
.
We, WILLIAM HENRY SLEIGH, of Cheetham Hill, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, and JOHN RICHARDSON, of Salford, in the
said County, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SHARPENING
SCISSORS, KNIVES, OR OTHER SIMILAR EDGED TOOLS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of providing a domestic
sharpening apparatus to. be employed for putting an edge upon scissors,
knives, or other similar cutters. The improvements consist in mounting
upon an ornamental stand or bracket capable of being permanently or
temporally fixed to a table, bench, or sowing machine one or more
adjustable steel plates provided with fine cutting teeth upon their:
surfaces similar to the teeth of a fine file, the saw plates being acted
upon by springs internally placed within the ornamental block that will
cause the plates to give a yielding upward pressure that will adjust its
position to the articles submitted to its action. Thus when it is desired

page_text: to sharpen the instrument for cutting, the blade or other cutting edge is
drawn sharply over the cutting teeth of the steel plates in a transverse
direction thereto, the action of which is continued until the required
sharpness is obtained. In the case of scissors the screw rivet is tightened
by means of a projecting chisel point forming a terminal ornament to
the block.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS FROM BEER CASKS, BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by William James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1870.
I, WILLIAM JAMES, of City Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANICAL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS FROM BEER CASKS, BARRELS, AND OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows: -—
This Invention is designed to simplify the operation of tapping or
connecting pipes to barrels, casks, and other vessels, and to prevent
waste of the liquid during such operation. I propose to accomplish the
above objects by the following means, that is to say :- Instead of
forming a bung hole at the side of a cask or barrel (a beer barrel for
example) and fitting it with a bung as commonly practised, I form the
bung hole or hole at which the cask or barrel is to be filled at one of
the ends or heads of the cask, and screw to the outside of this hole,
water-tight, a ring of metal or other material, and connect to this
ring a piece of mechanism of the following construction:-I form a
flange with a boss on it, and a screwed hole through the centre of the
said flange and boss for connecting a cock or pipe thereto.
On the

page_text: aforesaid boss I fix a short pipe of wood or other material perforated
all round closed at one end, and made rather less in diameter than
the hole in the cask, and in this pipe I fix a self-acting spring
valve for keeping the hole in the aforesaid boss closed, except when
the barrel is tapped as presently described. The above mechanism
I connect air-tight to the flange on the cask (after it has been filled) by
screws and an elastic washer, so that the aforesaid perforated pipe
projects inside of the cask and the beer enters the said perforations.
In order to tap a cask or barrel thus fitted it is simply necessary to
screw the cock into the screwed hole before mentioned, the effect of
which will be to push the valve away from the hole it previously
covered, thereby allowing the beer to pass out of the barrel either by a
cock or by a pipe in connection to a beer engine. Çasks or barrels thus
fitted are also preserved sweet after the contents have been drawn
therefrom, from the fact that the unscrewing of the cock or pipe from
the cask allows the aforesaid valve to again close, thereby excluding the
air therefrom and preventing the cask from becoming sour, as is now the
case..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE FROM BLOOD AND OFFAL OF ANIMALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Fry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1870.
I, RICHARD FRY, of Roches Street, in the City of Limerick, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE FROM BLOOD AND OFFAL OF ANIMALS :"-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
manure from blood and offal of animals.
The Invention consists in adding to and well mixing with the blood
or other offal while in as fresh a condition as possible a strong mineral
acid, as phosphoric, nitric, or hydrochloric, but preferably the liquid
known as sulphuric acid, or oil of vitriol, in certain proportions, that
is to say, to each ton of blood or offal I add not less than twenty pounds
and not more than two hundred pounds weight of sulphuric acid having
a specific gravity of 1-845, or an equivalent quantity of a weaker
sulphuric acid. I prefer, however, to use the acid in the proportion
of eighty pounds to each ton of blood or offal. Or I substitute for
either part, or for the whole of the sulphuric acid, the acid salts which

page_text: sulphuric acid forms with alkalies, alkaline earths, or metals, or similar
salts of other mineral acids. When the acid or acid salts have been added
to the blood or offal these are well mixed by means of a suitable agitator,
and after remaining for a period varying from twelve to twenty-four
hours the liquid which collects at the bottom of the combining vessel
is drawn off. The coagulum is then broken up and dried by exposure
to a current of hot or cold air.
And the products thus obtained I propose to use as substantive
manures for various kinds of soils and crops, and these products may
be also combined with other manures or with driers in different
proportions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILL BILLS OR CHISELS AND PICKS FOR DRESSING MILLSTONES, MARBLE, OR OTHER STONES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Charles Cushion at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1870.
I, JAMES CHARLES CUSHION, of Vine Cottage, Penrose Street,
Walworth, in the County of Surrey, Miller, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILL BILLS OR CHISELS
AND PICKS FOR DRESSING MILLSTONES, MARBLE, OR OTHER STONES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a hand tool or implement called a bill used
for dressing millstones and other stones, and consists in constructing the
said tool in the following manner :-I form the bill of one entire piece of
metal of a double wedge shape in the direction of its length or tapering
towards its ends so as to be thickest in the middle, and I form a long
hole in each end of the bill to receive the pieces of steel which form the
cutting edges of the tool of whatever shape it may require to be made,
and having inserted the said pieces of steel in the bill or holder I
securely fix and adjust them therein by means of set screws so that
when in use it shall strike a solid blow. The bill thus constructed fits
into a "thrift" or handle of the ordinary kind, the wedge shape of

page_text: which the bill is made drops into the wedge shape hole in the "thrift"
and holds the bill firmly therein, and when one cutting edge is worn it
is only necessary to turn the bill end for end in the "thrift," or by
making the cutter (if of a chisel shape) with a cutting edge at each end
thereof the steel may be turned end for end.
The second part of my Invention consists in retaining the double
wedge shape of the mill bill, but instead of its being made in one solid piece
I make it in two or more pieces with a recess in both ends of the bill
which receives the steel cutters, the latter slotted or otherwise and
described in the first part of my Invention, the whole is firmly lightened
together by screws or their equivalents forming a compact tool corre-
sponding to the double wedge shape of the ordinary mill bill now in use.
The advantages of this arrangement over all others is obvious, as it
allows distinct steel cutters to be used without the necessity of drawing
out and tempering as in the case of the ordinary mill bill.
I am aware of mill bills heretofore having been made with adjustable
or separate pieces of steel or cutting points, I desire therefore to be
distinctly understood that this Invention consists solely in making the bill
of one or more pieces of metal of the shape above described, and in securing
and adjusting the cutting tools therein by means of set screws or their
equivalents.