IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMPARTING HEAT TO THE FEET AND BODY WHILST TRAVELLING OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Jones and James Jackson, both of 17,
Rutland Road, South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Inventors, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
IMPARTING HEAT TO THE FEET AND BODY WHILST TRAVELLING OR
OTHERWISE"
Sealed the 14th May 1869, aud dated the 19th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Jones and James
Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th November 1868.
We, DAVID JONES and JAMES JACKSON, both of 17, Rutland Road,
South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Inventors, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR IMPARTING HEAT TO THE FEET AND BODY WHILST TRAVELLING OR OTHERWISE,"
to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to apparatus upon or within which the feet
of persons can be placed for imparting warmth when travelling in
[Price 8d.]

page_text: tions in which the feet and body are liable to become chilled, the apparatus
being heated by means of the flame of a lamp or candle burning
within it...
In carrying our Invention into practice we provide a box or chamber,
which may either be constructed according to our improvements of any
suitable form so as to be portable, movable, or a fixture, and formed of
metal, wood, wickerwork, papier machê, or other suitable material alone
or combined with other materials. The sides or bottom or both the sides
and bottom of the box or chamber are perforated or provided with aper-
tures, which may be protected by wire gauze or finely perforated metal so
as to effectually confine the flame of the lamp within the box or chamber,
these perforations or apertures being for the admission of air to the interior
of the box or chamber for the support of combustion, and we prefer to
provide the box or chamber with feet or supports to raise the bottom of
the box or chamber a short distance above the floor or place upon
which it may stand. Within the box or chamber we arrange a vessel con-
taining oil or spirit, which we prefer to so arrange as to be so readily
removeable, and we provide this vessel with one or more wicks, burners,
or other contrivances for burning the fluid contained in the lamp or vessel.
Ordinary burning oil, or spirits may be employed for combustion in the
lamp, but according to our improvements we prefer to employ spirits of
wine or methylated spirits from the absence of smoke and unpleasant smell
during the combustion of these liquids.
According to our improvements we prefer to form the wick or wicks
with which the lamp is provided of a bundle of fine metal wires bound or
twisted together, and connected with a wick or wicks of cotton or other
suitable fibre so arranged that the spirit is conducted by the capillary
attraction of the cotton wick to the bundle of fine metal wires, the
interstices between such wires then acting to conduct an invariable
supply of spirit to the flame, the effect of this arrangement being to
maintain a constant and steady flame of a predetermined size and height,
and so avoid the irregularities in the size of the flame caused by the
varying height or size of an ordinary cotton or fibrous wick. When the
apparatus is intended to be portable and for use in carriages or other
places liable to oscillation, according to our improvements, we support
the lamp or vessel within the box or chamber, so that the lamp or vessel

page_text: containing the oil or spirit will swing upon suitable centres or supports.
and so accomodate itself that the flame will continue burning and the
oil or spirit will not run out in the various positious in which the box or
chamber may be placed when in use or held when being carried from
place to place, the lamp at the same time being capable of being readily
removed from the box or chamber, and this we prefer to accomplish,
according to our improvements, by forming a long shallow vessel curved
on the under side and suspended by means of brackets attached to the
ends of the vessel upon pins or projections formed or fixed within the
box or chamber, the brackets at the ends of the vessel having slots
formed in them, which admit of the lamp or vessel being readily raised
and removed from the box or chamber when required; and we provide a
screw cap or other suitable contrivance, by means of which the burner or
burners and the air hole by which the air enters the lamp or vessel to
supply the waste of liquid can be effectually closed so as to prevent the
evaporation or waste of the contents of the lamp or vessel when not
in use.
According to our improvements each of the wicks or burners with
which the lamp or vessel is provided is surrounded with a safety guard
formed of wire gauze or finely perforated metal, such guard being so
formed by being hinged or otherwise as to be readily removed when it
is desired to light the lamp, and afterwards readily closed over the flame
and secured, such wire ganze or perforated guard acting as a barrier
within which the flame of the lamp is confined so as to effectually.
prevent any accident arising from the use of the apparatus. The box or
chamber is provided with a cover, upon which the feet of persons are
placed when using the apparatus, and this cover is hinged or otherwise
attached to the box or chamber, so that it can be raised in order to
obtain access to the interior of the box or chamber, or the cover may be
otherwise arranged so as to be removable when required, and if desired
other parts of the box or chamber may be so made as to open and close
when required. The cover of the box or chamber is so formed, according
to our improvements, that the heated air arising from burning spirit or
oil within the box or chamber will rise through gratings, openings, or
perforations in the cover, which according to our improvements may be
formed of wood, wickerwork, perforated metal, or wire gauze alone or
combined with one another, and covered with carpet, matting, or other

page_text: woven or knitted fabric or other suitable material, through the interstices
of which the heated air can rise from the lamp burning within the
box or chamber, and so impart warmth to the feet of persons placed
upon the cover or grating. Below and in some cases at a short distance
from the under side of the cover or grating and over the flame of the
lamp we arrange a surface which, according to one part of our improve-
ments, we form of wire gauze or perforated metal, this surface by
preference being attached to the cover or grating, and acting to cause
the heated air from the flame to be distributed and rise through all parts
of the cover or grating, and above such wire gauze or perforated dis-
tributing surface, and also attached to the cover or grating we arrange
another surface or metal plate immediately over the flame of the lamp
and of smaller dimensions than the first-mentioned surface, the second
metal surface being so arranged as to be lower than the upper surface of
the cover or grating, and acting to divert the more highly heated air
towards the sides of the box or chamber, and mix it with the air of
lower temperature before passing through the interstices of the cover
or grating. In order to cause the heated air which rises through the
interstices of the cover or grating last described to circulate around and
over the feet placed upon such cover according to our improvements we
arrange a surface hinged or otherwise attached by flexible sides or other
means to the cover or grating or to the box or chamber, this surface
being so arranged that it can be raised and placed over the feet in such
a position as to some extent to confine the heated air and cause it to
circulate over and around the feet placed upon the cover or grating; and
according to one part of our improvements we form this surface under
which the feet are placed of fur, leather, sealskin, or of some woven or
knitted fabric or other suitable material alone or combined with other
materials, and attached to the cover or grating or to the box or chamber
so as to form a "cosy' or flexible receptacle for the feet, so arranged
that when the apparatus is not in use for warming purposes such flexible
cover will form a bag or receptacle within which articles may be carried,
the bag or receptacle being then closed and held against the cover or
grating or the box or chamber by means of elastic or other bands or straps
or other suitable means.
"
Within the box or chamber, according to one of our improvements,
we provide a suitable receptacle for matches with which to light th

page_text: lamp. A handle is also provided when the apparatus is intended to be
portable, by means of which it may be carried combined when desired
with the flexible receptacle, as above described, and if desired with the
lamp burning within the box or chamber, and in order to prevent the
flame of the lamp when so carried heating the handle and the side of
the chamber to which the handle is attached we interpose a non-con-
ducting surface at the part of the chamber where the handle is attached,
and within the chamber at that part where the handle is attached, and
over the flame of the lamp, we arrange a metallic plate which may be
perforated or formed of wire gauze, such plate being so attached to the
side of the box or chamber as to leave an air space between it and
the side of the box or chamber, the plate acting to divert the heat given
off by the lamp from that part of the side of the box to which the
handle is attached, and to protect the side of the box when carried by
the handle from exposure to the direct action of the flame of the lamp
burning within the box or chamber. The box or chamber containing
the lamp and constructed according to our improvements may be of
various forms according to the place or circumstances in which it is
intended to be used, and whether it is intended to be portable, moveable,
or a fixture; and according to one of our improvements the surface on
which the feet are placed may be inclined to the other parts of the box or
chamber, which may be formed like a hassock or footstool, and when
portable it may be provided with rings, straps, or buckles by means of
which articles may be secured to and carried with it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Jones and James Jackson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
JONES and JAMES JACKSON, both of 17, Rutland Road, South Hackney, in
the County of Middlesex, Inventors, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give

page_text: and grant unto us, the said David Jones and James Jackson, Her special
licence that we, the said David Jones and James Jackson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said David Jones
and James Jackson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMPARTING HEAT TO THE FEET AND BODY
WHILST TRAVELLING OR OTHERWISE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said David Jones and James Jackson, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Iuvention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Jones, on behalf of myself and
the said James Jackson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that
is to say:
Our improvements relate to apparatus upon or within which the feet of
persons can be placed for imparting warmth when travelling in railway
or other carriages, or wlten seated in churches or in other situations in
which the feet and body are liable to become chilled, the apparatus being
heated by means of the flame of the lamp or candle burning within it.
And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into practice, we will proceed to describe the Drawing
hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews a plan (with the hd or cover opened to show the
interior); Figure 2 a transverse section, and Figure 3 an end view of
Figure 1 snews
an (with the d or cover opened to show the
interior); Figure 2 a transverse section, and Figure 3 an end view of
portable apparatus for imparting heat to the feet and body arranged and
constructed according to our Invention.
a is a box or chamber (which may either be constructed according to

page_text: our improvements of any suitable form so as to be portable or moveable
or a fixture and formed of metal, wood, wickerwork, papier machie, or
other suitable material alone or combined with other materials). The
sides or bottom of both the sides and bottom of the box or chamber are
perforated at a as shown, or provided with apertures which may be
protected by wire gauze or finely perforated metal so as to effectually
confine the flame of the lamp within the box or chamber, these perfora-
tions or apertures being for the admission of air to the interior of the box
or chamber for the support of combustion; and we prefer to provide the
box or chamber a with feet or supports a² to raise the bottom of the box
or chamber a a short distance above the floor or place upon which it may
stand. Within the box or chamber we arrange a vessel b containing
oil or spirit which we prefer to so arrange as to be readily removable,
and we provide this vessel with one or more wicks, burners, or other
contrivances for burning the fluid contained in the lamp or vessel b.
Ordinary burning oils or spirits may be employed for combustion in the
lamp b, but according to our improvements we prefer to employ spirits of
wine or methylated spirits owing to the absence of smoke and unpleasant
smell during the combustion of these liquids.
According to our improvements we prefer to form the wick or wicks b
with which the lamp is provided of a bundle of fine metal wires bound
or twisted together and connected with a wick or wicks of cotton or other
suitable fibre so arranged that the spirit is conducted by the capillary
attraction of the cotton wick of the bundle of fine metal wires, the
interstices between such wires then acting to conduct an invariable
supply of spirit to the flame, the effect of this arrangement being to
maintain a constant and steady flame of a predetermined size and height,
and so avoid the irregularities in the size of the flame caused by the
varying height or size of an ordinary cotton or fibrous wick. When the
apparatus is intended to be portable and for use in carriages or other
places liable to oscillation according to our improvements we support the
lamp or vessel within the box or chamber a so that the lamp or vessel
containing the oil or spirit will swing upon suitable centres or supports b²
and so accomodate itself that the flame will continue burning and the oil
or spirit will not run out in the various positions in which the box or
chamber may be placed when in use or held when being carried from place to
place, the lamp at the same time being capable of being readily removed from

page_text: the box or chamber, and this we prefer to accomplish according to our
improvements by forming a long shallow vessel b curved on the under
side and suspended by means of brackets 63 attached to the ends of the
oil vessel upon pins or projections 62 formed or fixed within the box
or chamber, the brackets 63 at the ends of the vessel having slots formed
in them which admit of the lamp or vessel being readily raised and
removed from the box or chamber a when required, and we provide a
a screw cap or other suitable contrivance (not shown in the Drawing) by
means of which the burner or burners and the air hole by which the
air enters the lamp or vessel to supply the waste of liquid can be effectually
closed so as to prevent the evaporation or waste of the contents of the
lamp or vessel not in use. Upon the wick tube forming part of the screw
cap of the oil vessel or lamp b as shown at Figure 4, a screw thread
is formed upon which a screw nut and tube 64 is placed by raising or
lowering which the end of the wick can be more or less exposed so us
to increase or diminish the flame of the lamp and thus regulate the
amount of heat required. Below the lamp and burner two concentric
rings of wire gauze are introduced at 6, cotton wick or other suitable
fabric or absorbent material 66 being held between the surfaces of the
wire gauzo, and the absorbent material by descending to the bottom of
the oil vessel b forms a barrier to prevent the escape of the oil or spirits
through the wick tube or burner when the oil vessel b is tilted up endways
or at an angle.
According to our improvements each of the wicks or burners with
which the lamp or vessel is provided is surrounded with a safety guard c
formed of wire gauze or finely perforated metal, such guard being
so formed by being hinged at c¹ or otherwise as to be readily removed
when it is desired to light the lamp and afterwards readily closed
over the flame and secured, such wire gauze or perforated guard c
acting as a barrier within which the flame of the lamp is confined so
as to effectually prevent any accident arising from the use of the
apparatus. The box or chamber a is provided with a cover upon
which the feet of persons are placed when using the apparatus, and this
cover a³ is hinged or otherwise attached to the box or chamber a so that
it can be raised in order to obtain access to the interior of the box or
chamber, or the cover a³ may be otherwise arranged so as to be removable
when required, and if desired other parts of the box or chamber may be

page_text: so made as to open and close when required. The cover a³ of the box or
chamber is so formed according to our improvements that the heated air
arising from burning spirit or oil within the box or chamber will rise
through gratings, openings, or perforations in the cover, which according
to our improvements may be formed of wood, wickerwork, perforated
metal or wire gauze alone or combined with one another and covered
with carpet, matting, or other woven or knitted fabric a5 or other
suitable material through the interstices of which the heated air can rise
from the lamp burning within the box or chamber a and so impart
warmth to the feet of persons placed upon the cover or grating. Below
and in some cases at a short distance from the under side of the cover or
grating a3 and over the flame of the lamp 6 we arrange a surface which
according to one part of our improvements we prefer to form of wire
gauze or perforated metal a4, this surface, by preference, being attached
to the cover or grating a³ and acting to cause the heated air from the
flame to be distributed and rise through all parts of the cover ог
grating a³, and below such wire gauze or perforated distributing surface
and also attached to the cover or grating we arrange another surface or
metal plate, talc, or other suitable material a immediately over the
flame of the lamp 6 and of smaller dimensions than the first mentioned
surface a4, the second metal or other surface a being so arranged as to
be lower than the upper surface at of the cover or grating a³ and acting
to divert the more highly heated air towards the sides of the box or
chamber, and thus mix it with the air of lower temperature before
passing through the interstices of the cover or grating a³. In order to
cause the heated air which rises through the interstices of the cover or
grating as last described to circulate around and over the feet placed
upon such cover according to our improvements, we arrange a surface d
hinged or otherwise attached by flexible sides or other means to the
cover or grating a³ or to the box or chamber a, this surface d being so
arranged that it can be raised and placed over the feet in such a position
as to some extent to confine the heated air and cause it to circulate over
and around the feet placed upon the cover or grating, and according
to one part of our improvements we form this surface d under which the
feet are placed of fur, leather, sealskin, or some woven or knitted fabric,
or other suitable material alone or combined with other materials and
attached to the cover or grating or to the box or chamber so as to form
a "cosy" or flexible receptacle for the feet so arranged that when the

page_text: apparatus is not in use for warming purposes such flexible cover will form
a bag or receptacle within which articles may be carried, the bag or
receptacle being then closed and held against the cover or grating as
shown at Figure 3, or the box or chamber by means of elastic or other
bands or straps, or other suitable means.
Within the box or chamber, according to one of our improvements, we
provide a suitable receptacle e for matches with which to light the
lamp. A handle fis also provided when the apparatus is intended to
be portable, by means of which it may be carried combined when desired
with the flexible receptacle as above described, and if desired with the
lamp burning within the box or chamber in the position shown at
Figure 3; and in order to prevent the flame of the lamp when so carried
heating the handle and the side of the chamber to which the handle is
attached we interpose a non-conducting surface or material y at the part
of the chamber where the handle is attached, and within the chamber at
that part where the handle is attached, and over the flame of the lamp
we arrange a metallic plate f which may be perforated or formed of
wire gauze, such plate being so attached to the side of the box or
chamber as to leave an air space between it and the side of the box or
chamber, the plate acting to divert the heat given off by the lamp from
that part of the side of the box to which the handle f is attached, and to
protect the side of the box when carried by the handle f from exposure
the direct action of the flame of the lamp 6 burning within the box or
chamber a. The box or chamber a containing the lamp b, and con-
structed according to our improvements, may be of various forms
according to the place or circumstances in which it is intended to be used,
and whether it is intended to be portable, moveable, or a fixture, and
according to one of our improvements the surface on which the feet are
placed may be inclined to the other parts of the box or chamber, which
may be formed like a hassock or footstool, and when portable it may be
provided with rings, straps, or buckles by means of which articles may be
secured to and carried with it.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, we would have it
understood that we make no claim to the use of a lamp combined with
portable apparatus for the purpose of imparting warmth to the feet,
such apparatus having been described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to Robert Hattersley, dated 24th September 1864, No. 2353;

page_text: our Invention consisting in the improved construction, arrangement, and
combination of parts herein described and shewn in the Drawing hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, W.C.
DAVID JONES. (L.S.)