IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND CARD PAPER OR CARDBOARD, WITH THE OBJECT OF PREVENTING FORGERY AND ALTER- ATIONS IN CHEQUES AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAYING CARDS AND RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS
Year: 1861

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Alphonse Treuille, Doctor Physician, and François
Xavier Traxler, Civil Engineer, both of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris,
in the Empire of France, and of 53, Chancery Lane, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND CARD
PAPER OR CARDBOARD, WITH THE OBJECT OF PREVENTING FORGERY AND ALTER-
ATIONS IN CHEQUES AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAYING CARDS AND RAILWAY
AND OTHER TICKETS."-A communication by Mr. Joseph Prosper Olier,
Sub-Director of the General Stamp Works of Paris, residing at 13, Rue
de la Banque, Paris.
Sealed the 30th May 1862, and dated the 19th December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alphonse Treuille and
François Xavier Traxler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th December 1861.
We, ALPHONSE TREUILLE, Doctor Physician, and FRANÇOIS XAVIER TRAXLER,
Civil Engineer, both of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 53, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND CARD
PAPER OR CARDBOARD WITH THE OBJECT OF PREVENTING FORGERY AND ALTERATIONS
IN CHEQUES AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAYING CARDS AND RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS," to be
as follows:-

page_text: This Invention relates to the manufacture of safety paper intended to
prevent any forgery and fabrication of shares, bank notes, cheques, bills of
exchange, stamped paper, postage stamps, and other paper, and likewise
preventing all alterations and falsifications of public & private writs or
. documents, the same process being also applicable for manufacturing playing
cards and other cards or tickets made use of by railway companies and other
establishments, public or private.
This
paper is composed of a single sheet consisting of several layers of pulp
superposed, of various natures and hues according to requirements, and suitable
for receiving the degree of force & furnishing the resisting power desired.
Bank notes are generally formed of two kinds of pulp, the one obtained
from linen or cotton rags the other from hemp pulp, intended to give the
paper great strength. As such hemp pulp is by its nature unsuited for
obtaining a good impression it may be placed between two layers of rag pulp.
When it is desired to give the water mark more force and to increase the
difficulties of carrying out a forgery, the internal pulp may be colored, thus
obtaining a sheet with a white surface while the inside would be colored. The
same means can be employed for preventing forgery of commercial or other
share papers or documents.
In order to prevent falsification in public or private documents it will
suffice to dye the pulp intended to form the inside layer with some delible color,
with common ink for instance. Thus the chemical agents applied to rub off
the writing will infallibly destroy the internal color which is of the like nature,
and as the paper surfaces are to remain white, it will be impossible to restore
the said internal color.
As regards playing cards, by laying colored pulp between two layers of white
pulp, the required opacity can be obtained, with the further advantage of not
being liable to split or become divided. Lastly, by means of a watermark
interposed between the layers the collection of the tax upon playing cards can
be easily effected, and forgery of tickets issued by railway companies and other
public or private establishments prevented.
The Invention is carried out in the following manner:-Three troughs are
employed; one containing the white pulp has less material than the two others
in proportion to the quantity of water; the second contains hemp pulp or
common pulp colored according to requirements; this trough is to be better
filled than the first; and the third to be filled with a larger amount of white
pulp. A first layer of white pulp is dipped while in the mould into the
second trough in order to take up a layer of hemp or colored pulp, and then
dipped into the third one, thus enclosing the colored pulp between two layers

page_text: of white pulp. When the sheet is curded it is laid on a beater and the work
completed by the ordinary processes. In order to prevent the breaking of the
first layers while being immersed the mould should be lined with wirework.
The mixing of the colored or other pulp, while immersed, is prevented by
placing the mould which has received the first layer of white pulp in a frame
intended to serve as a jacket enclosed underneath by a metal case or other
suitable contrivance, and so to preserve those parts of the mould which are
not covered over by the first layers from all contact with the pulp in the
second trough. The same process is to be employed for the manufacture of
playing cards with or without color or watermark, but for cards or tickets with
an internal watermark the following mode is to be adopted :-A layer of
colored pulp is first taken and coated with white pulp by the mould being
dipped into the trough, the first part of the sheet is then laid out on a beater,
and another layer of white pulp taken with the pattern mould & applied
on the colored part of the sheet already laid out and then prepared by the
ordinary process;
thus the watermark leaves but a white line on the surface
of the paper. Each layer may also be taken separately out of the troughs and
then superposed one on the other when curded, but it is always preferable to
dip the mould into the troughs because the immediate immersion of the layers
will permit of the delicate fibres of the pulp uniting together and rendering
the sheet indivisible. In order to obtain a whiter surface without weakening
the internal layer, powdered talc (silicate of magnesia) may be added to the
white pulp intended for the outer layers.
This method of manufacture possesses not only the advantage of rendering
easier the smoothing and pressing of paper and card, but it also permits of
obtaining a very fine impression even on paper prepared with raw materials, so
that by the use of the processes above described, besides other advantages, a
thin soft easily impressionable paper can be obtained, possessing at same time
a watermark of great force, and also producing card of great opacity not liable
to divide as is the case with that now employed.
The method of manufacture above described may be sumined up as
follows:-1st, superposition of the three layers of pulp by successive dippings
of the moulds into the troughs; 2ndly, superposition in the mould of two
layers of pulp, which, when curded, are placed on a beater and afterwards
coated with a third layer of pulp applied separately; 3rdly, superposition on
the beater of three layers of pulp taken separately out of the troughs.
The following conditions are also indispensable:-1st, three recipients or
vessels separately containing the various kinds of pulp to be employed are
suitably disposed, which vessels are of the same construction as those made use

page_text: of in paper works for containing the pulp and pouring it out on the working
table, although the dimensions may vary according to the various articles that
it is desired to obtain, which it is however needless to describe. The mould is
first placed under the first vessel for the purpose of receiving the pulp dropping
out therefrom; a rocking motion is then imparted to the mould and this first
layer is allowed to curdle. The mould is then placed under the second vessel,
where it receives a layer of colored pulp, which, when curdled, is to be covered
in a similar manner with a third layer from the third vessel, the whole being
deposited on a beater, the operation is then proceeded with as usual.
The troughs and vessels may be used simultaneously for the superposition of
the layers, viz.The mould may be dipped into the first trough and afterwards
placed under a vessel for receiving the second, and even, if desired, the third
layer, which may be taken out of the trough or out of the vessel at will by the
mould being placed beneath as described. As before observed the pulp for the
second and third layers must be thicker than that serving to form the first
layer. On placing the mould under the vessel care must be taken to bring it
as near as possible to the apron along which the pulp descends so as to prevent
the first layers from being injured by the contact of the fresh supply.
2ndly, the same result may be obtained by placing over the working table of
a machine for fabricating continuous paper three recipients or vessels intended
to pour out the pulp at desired intervals, so that this may have time to curdle
and receive the fresh layers, which must be superposed and run off before
passing under the cylinders.
3rdly, and lastly, two layers of pulp may be superposed on the working
table, and by means of a second machine a third layer prepared, to be after-
wards added to the former ones, being united thereto by the compression of
the drying cylinders. But the first mode of fabrication as described in
the beginning of this Specification is preferable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alphonse Treuille and François Xavier Traxler in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 16th June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we ALPHONSE
TREUILLE, Doctor Physician, and FRANÇOIS XAVIER TRAXLER, Civil Engineer,
both of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and of
53, Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Alphonse Treuille & François Xavier Traxler, Her
special licence that we, the said Alphonse Treuille & François Xavier Traxler,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Alphonse Treuille & François Xavier Traxler, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND CARD PAPER OR CARD-
BOARD WITH THE OBJECT OF PREVENTING FORGERY & ALTERATIONS IN CHEQUES
AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF PLAYING CARDS AND RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS," a communi-
cation to us by M. Joseph Prosper Olier, Sub-Director of the General Stamp
Works of Paris, a person resident at 13, Rue de la Banque, Paris, upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Alphonse Treuille & François
Xavier Traxler, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alphonse Treuille & François Xavier
Traxler, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates to a safety paper intended to prevent any forgery
and alteration of shares, bank notes, checks, bills of exchange, stamped paper,
postage stamps, &c., and preventing likewise all alterations and falsifications
of public and private writs. A similar process of fabrication may be applied
to playing cards, and to tickets made use of by railway and other adminis-
trations, public or private.
This paper consists of a single sheet formed of several layers of pulp super-
posed of different nature and hues according to requirements, and it may be
made as resisting and strong as required for the various purposes.
As regards bank notes, which are made generally of two descriptions of

page_text: pulp, the one obtained from hemp or cotton rags, and the other from hemp
only; as the latter, which gives a great degree of solidity to the paper, is by its
very nature averse to receiving a fine impress, the same may be laid between
two layers of rag pulp. Should it be desired to make the filigree more
distinct, and also to increase the difficulties of forgery, this middle or internal
layer may be colored, and thus a sheet be obtained the surfaces of which are
white, while the middle is colored. The same process may be employed with
the object of preventing forgery in industrial or other shares.
In order to prevent the falsification of public or private writs or deeds;
it suffices to dye the pulp intended to form the middle layer with a delible
color, as common ink, for instance. In the latter case the chemical agents
made use of for rubbing out the writing will infallibly destroy the internal
color; which, from its being of a like nature, cannot be restored again, while
the paper surfaces remain white. As regards playing cards, by interposing a
layer of colored pulp between two layers of white pulp, the desired opacity
will be obtained; and cards thus made are not liable to divide. By a similar
process, and by placing a filigree inside, the collection of the tax due for the
manufacture of playing cards can be readily secured, and forgery prevented in
railway or other tickets.
We will now describe the manner in which the said Invention is carried
into effect: Three vats are employed, the first, containing the white pulp,
need not have so great an amount of material relatively to the quantity of
water; the next one, which contains hemp or common colored pulp, requires
to be better supplied than the foregoing one; and the third is to contain a
much greater amount of white pulp. A layer of white pulp is first taken in
with the mould, which is afterwards dipped into the next vat for taking in a
second layer of hemp or colored pulp, and dipped again into the third vat for
the purpose of receiving a third layer, which covers and encloses the middle
one between the two layers of white pulp. In order to prevent the first layers
from breaking when immersed in the vats, the mould should be lined with a
piece of wirework, and the intermixing of the colored pulp with the white or
the pulps of different nature when the mould is immersed, is effectually pre-
vented by placing the mould which has received the first layer in a casing,
with wirework or other suitable bottom, so as to prevent the parts which are
not covered by the first layers from being brought in contact with the pulp in
the next vat, such casing being merely intended to take in the pulp whereby
to form the middle or colored layer.
The same process will still hold good for the manufacture of playing cards
and railway or other tickets, with or without a shaded filigree; but for such

page_text: already curdled, and the
An outline filigree then
Each layer may be taken
as are desired to have an outline filigree the operation is to be carried out as
follows: A layer of colored pulp is first taken in with the filigree mould and
covered with a white layer by immersion in the vat; this part of the sheet
is then laid upon a felt, a layer of white pulp is next taken in with a mould
without filigree, and applied on the part, which is
operation is proceeded with in the ordinary way.
alone appears conspicuous on the paper surface.
out of the vat separately, and be superposed after previous curdling; but we
prefer the successive dippings above described, as immediate immersion allows
of a better colligation of the fibres, thus rendering the various parts or
layers indivisible. In order to obtain a whiter surface, and yet not injure
the middle layer, we add pulverized talc (silicate of magnesia) or other
mineral or vegetable soft unctuous substances, such as magnesia, magnetite;
alumina, &c., to the white pulp intended for external layers, and this not only
facilitates the smoothing and glazing of all kinds of papers, card paper and
cardboard for cards, tickets, &c., but also permits of obtaining a finer &
better impress thereon; even for papers made of raw materials, it produces
beside other advantages, a thin, soft, smooth, glossy article, with a very con-
spicuous filigree, and cards of perfect opacity, the superposed parts of which
are not liable to separate as is commonly the case.
The following are other modes of fabrication:-Three vessels are disposed
containing each a different sort of pulp, which vessels need not be described,
as they do not differ from those made use of in paper works for containing the
pulp and letting it out on the work table, save as regards their size, which is
to be suited to the requirements of the work. The mould is placed under the
first vessel to receive the material dropping therefrom; a rocking motion is
then imparted to the mould, and the first layer is allowed to coagulate. The
mould is then placed under the next recipient, and receives a layer of a
different nature; and when this is properly curdled, a third layer is super-
posed thereon from the third recipient. The sheet thus formed is laid
Vats and
on the felt, and the operation goes on in the usual manner.
recipients may be used simultaneously for these superpositions, viz., by
immersing the mould in the vat, and placing it afterwards under the recipient
for receiving the next layer. The third layer may be taken up either by im-
mersion in the vat, or by the mould being placed under a third recipient
at will; and we will observe that the pulps forming the second and third layers
must be thicker than that forming the first. The mould should likewise be
placed under the recipient as close as possible to the feed cloth, so as to
prevent the first layers from breaking by the contact of the subsequent ones.

page_text: The same result may also be obtained by placing over the work table of a
machine for manufacturing continuous paper three recipients, from which the
pulp should drop at proper intervals to afford the first layer time to
curdle before receiving the subsequent layers; the superposition and draining
to take place before the passage of the sheet under the cylinders. Two layers
may likewise be superposed at first, and then a third layer be prepared by a
second machine, which last layer would be superposed afterwards on the first
ones, being united thereto by compression of the drying cylinders. But we
prefer the method which we have first described at the commencement of this
Specification.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be carried into effect, we wish it to be understood that
what we claim is,―
First, superposing three layers of pulp by successive immersion of the
moulds in the vats.
Secondly, superposing on the mould two layers of pulp, which after coagu-
lation are led upon a felt, and covered afterwards with a third layer taken up
separately.
Thirdly, superposing on a felt three layers of pulp taken separately out of
the vats.
In witness whereof, we, Alphonse Treuille & François Xavier Traxler,
have set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
A
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