Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Emery Wheels and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1892

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by ALLEN JOHNSTON, of Ottumwa, County of
Wappello, State of Iowa, United States of America, Mechanic and
Manufacturer.]
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Emery Wheels and to
Apparatus therefor.
1, HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a press to be used in the manufacture of cup or ring-
shaped emery wheels, such as are now used in grinding table cutlery &c. The
machine is adapted to receive a metallic ring and to cast or unite the emery to such
ring. It consists of an annular mold in which the metallic ring may be positioned,
a movable foliower adapted to close the top of the mold, and a plunger forming a
bottom to the mold and which is actuated by hydraulic or other adequate pressure
and thus adapted to compress the emery and shape it, while at the same time it
forces the emery into the locking groove or spaces of the metallic ring. The mold
is provided with means whereby it may be first heated both inside and out to the
proper degree, thereby enabling the filling of the mold without prematurely chilling
the plastic emery which is supplied while hot, and the same feature allows the mold
to be cooled after the pressure has been applied to bring the material to the
requisite shape and size, by admitting a cooling liquid instead of the heating agent.
All these features will be fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawing
wherein
Fig. 1 is a central vertical section of my improved press; Fig. 2 is a plan thereof,
and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same.
In said drawing A represents a suitable base having an interior chamber a with
Mounted upon this
its walls strengthened at proper intervals by interior ribs a'.
base is a cylinder B having a close bottom . Resting upon the cylinder B is a
hollow ring C, and located centrally within said ring is a core D having a depending
Between the
stem d passing through and secured in the bottom of cylinder B.
exterior surface of this core and the interior surface of the hollow ring is the
spaces wherein the emery wheel is molded and pressed. Moving vertically in said
spaces and forming a bottom to such space is an annular plunger E provided with
a base e which fills the space within the chamber B exterior to the stem d of the
core D. This plunger is actuated upward when the wheel is to be compressed by
water admitted to the underside of its base through the pipe F, and it is returned
to its normal position after the compressing operation by water admitted to the
interior of the cylinder B above the base e through the pipe f. In order that the
plunger may be used to drive the finished emery wheel outwardly from the mold it
is given a considerable range of movement, as will be understood from Figure 1.
Above the ring C is suspended the follower G, having a bottom flange y adapted
to enter the mold spaces and form a top thereto. This follower is actuated by
means of a non-rotating screw H keyed to the follower and actuated up and down
by an elongated rotating nut driven by a hand wheel i keyed to said nut, said nut
being confined in a stationary three-armed cross head I. The face or edge of the
flange g which enters the mold space is bevelled, as shown, in order to impart a like
bevel to the edge of the wheels.
The parts B C and I are united together firmly by means of tie rods J, thimbles j
being interposed' between the ring C and cross head I.

page_text: In order that the mold may be heated before the plastic energy is placed in it
and thus avoid any premature chilling of the latter, steam is admitted to the hollow
of the ring C by means of the pipe K, and also to the interior of the core D by
means of the pipe L which extends down to a sufficiently low point to enable it to
,pass up through the stem of the core, and both the ring and core are, heated to a
temperature not exceeding 400° F. When it is desired to cool the mold, the steam
is shut off from these pipes K and L, and water is admitted thereto by means of the
branch M which connects with pipe L, as shown, pipe L being joined to pipe K,
as also indicated. The water is thus enabled to take the place of steam and reduce
the temperature of the mold both inside and out. The water may be drawn off
from the interior of the core by the annular passage N surrounding that portion of
pipe L which passes through the core stem and through pipe connected with such
annular passage N, said pipe n emptying into the chamber a of the base. The
discharge from the hollow of ring C is through pipe O and that from the interior
of cylinder B below the follower head is through pipe P. R R indicate the various
valves for controlling the steam and water discharge pipes. An overflow for the
base A is shown at S and a gage connecting with the water space under the
follower head and adapted to show the pressure put upon the plunger, is
shown at T.
A packing m is applied to the underside of the plunger base and a similar pro-
vision is applied to close the joint between the plunger ring C, as shown at m
At u and v, respectively, are annular ribs which come in contact with said packings
at the extreme limits of the movement of which the plunger is capable.
Such ribs
are not likely to adhere to the packing as would a surface corresponding to the
contour of the packing and co-extensive with it in dimension.
This being the construction of the apparatus, the mode of operation is as follows:
A metallic ring.c
adapted to be united with the emery wheel by the provision, as
for instance, of a dove-tail groove upon its upper surface, being placed in the mold
space s, in the position indicated at Figure 1, steam is admitted by means of the
pipes and L to the interior of the ring C, and core D until they are sufficiently
heated to prevent any chilling of the emery prior to the compressing of the same.
Care should however be taken not to heat the ring or core above 400° F. where
dealing with emery containing a binding material, because a greater degree of heat
is liable to burn the binding material and produce an inferior wheel. The hot
plastic emery with its admixture of binding material is then placed in the mold
space and the cap or follower G is lowered to cover such space. The water under
pressure being now admitted under the bottom of the plunger, said plunger is
caused to rise and compress the emery within the mold, causing the latter thereby
to enter the dovetail of the ring and also to receive the bevel conformation of
the flange g. This pressure is recorded upon the gage, and is carried to a proper
point and continued long enough to ensure suitable action upon the wheel. The
steam is shut off and water admitted in its stead to the interior of the ring and core
whenever the wheel has been sufficiently compressed. After a sufficient chilling,.
the follower G may be raised and such pressure put upon the plunger as will cause
it to force the now formed wheel with its attached metallic ring up and out of the
mold.
As these wheels are liable to become stuck in the mold so that it is very. difficult
to dislodge them, I reheat the ring and core quickly by withdrawing the water and
.readmitting steam. This results in softening the surface of the wheel if the material
of which it is composed is such as will become plastic with heat, and renders its
removal easy. The facility with which this reheating may be done is an important
advantage attending my invention.
Instead of introducing the heat through pipes as shown, the heating of the press
may be accomplished in other ways, as for instance by heating the entire machine
in a hot chamber to a degree sufficient to keep the emery plastic while it is being
pressed into form.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is
1st. The press for the manufacture of emery wheels, consisting of the hollow
ring and hollow core, both having provision for the admission of a heating agent, a
follower closing one end of the space between said ring and core, and a plunger
actuated by hydraulic or other suitable pressure moving in said space and closing
the other end thereof, substantially as specified.
2nd. The press for the manufacture of emery wheels, consisting of a cylinder B,
a hollow core D d, a hollow ring C, and pipe connections for supplying said core
and ring with heating and cooling agents, in combination with the follower and
plunger, substantially as specified.
3rd. The press for the manufacture of emery wheels, consisting of the hollow ring
and hollow core, both provided with pipe connections for the admission of heating
and cooling fluids to their exterior, a follower having a bevelled flange g, and a
pressure actuated plunger, all combined and operating substantially as set forth.
4th. The combination with the plunger and its cylinder B of the core D having
a stem d receiving the pipe L and also giving discharge to the water, said pipe L
and the discharge pipe connecting with said stem, whereby the core is supplied with
and exhausted of the heating and cooling fluids, substantially as set forth.
5th. The combination with the plunger and its packing, of the rib or ribs u v,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6th. The process of making emery wheels which are composed of a compound of
emery and binding material rendered plastic by heat which consists of the following
successive steps, namely: first, placing the heated compound in a mold that is
heated to such degree as to prevent the chilling of the compound, second, applying
pressure to the compound in the mold while it is still hot, and third, cooling the
mold and its contents until the latter are solid, substantially as specified.
Dated this 23rd day of June 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.