Year: 1888

page_text: A communication from abroad by FREDERICK W. TAYLOR, of the City of Philadelphia,
in the State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Engineer.
I PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manner of causing the cutting tools
used in machine tools (such as lathes, boring mills, etc., for altering the form and
dimensions of pieces of metal, wood, stone and other materials commonly called
"work,") to advance into the work while a portion of the material composing the work
is being removed therefrom by the tool.
As it is necessary in altering the dimensions and shape of the work, with a cutting
tool, in machine tools, by removing part of the material of which the work is composed,
that the cutting tool and the work shall have two distinct motions, one with relation
to the other, namely, a "feeding motion" and a "driving motion," it will be advisable
to explain preliminarily the difference between these two motions. The meaning and
application herein of the terms "driving" the work or tool, and "feeding" the work
or tool, will be best understood from a description of the operations of producing a
plane surface on work, and turning the surface of work to a cylindrical contour.
In the case of producing a plane surface on work, after the tool and work are
brought in contact, either the tool or the work is caused to reciprocate backward and
forward in a straight line, and each reciprocating movement, either backward or
forward, of the work or tool is called a "stroke" of the planing machines. The tool
and the work are then forced together, so that the tool imbeds itself into the work,
and during the first stroke of the planing machine the tool will remove a portion of the

page_text: material of which the work is composed, which is called a chip or shaving. Assuming
that the tool or the work, as the case may be, continues its reciprocating motion
backward or forward, but that the tool and the work do not otherwise change their
relative positions, it is evident that the tool will remove no more chips from the work.
It is clear that if the tool is to continue to remove chips from the work, in addition to
the reciprocating motion of the tool or the work, either the tool or the work must have an
additional motion, one with relation to the other. There are two distinct motions then
necessary in producing a plane surface on work. 1st. The reciprocating movement, either
of the work or the tool. If the work is reciprocated this is called "driving" the work, and
if the tool is reciprocated it is called "driving" the tool. 2nd. A change of the relative
positions of the work and the tool in souie other direction than that of this recipro-
cating movement. If the work is moved in this direction with relation to the fool,
this motion is called "feeding" the work, and if the tool is moved in this direction
with relation to the work it is called "feeding" the tool.
In the case of altering the form of the work and removing a portion of it by
turning the work with a tool, after the work and the tool have been brought in contact
with one another, either the work is made to rotate past the tool, or the tool to
revolve around the work. During the first rotation of the work past the tool, or of
the tool around the work, a certain portion of the work is removed in the form of
chips or shavings, as in the case of drilling or planing the work. Unless, however,
some motion other than this movement of rotation, is imparted to the work or the
tool relatively to one another, after the first rotation is complete, no more chips will
be removed from the work. It is clear then that if the tool is to continue to remove
chips from the work that, in addition to the rotating motion of the tool or the work,
either the tool or the work must have an additional motion one with relation to
the other. The two distinct motions which are necessary in turning work are:
1st. The rotary motion of the work or the tool. If the work is rotated past the tool
this motion is called "driving" the work, and if the tool is made to revolve around
the work it is called "driving" the tool. 2nd. A change of the relative positions
of the work and tool in some other direction than that of this rotary movement. If the
work is moved in this direction in relation to the tool this motion is called "feeding"
the work, and if the tool is moved in this direction with relation to the work it is
called "feeding" the tool.
In general then in machine tools used for altering the form of work by removing
part of the material of which the work is composed, by means of a cutting tool or
other medium, it is necessary that the work and the medium for removing portions of
the work shall have two motions with relation ene to the other. The lesser of these
two motions is commonly called the "feeding" motion, and the greater of the two
motions the "driving" motion. The mechanism or devices used for producing the
driving motion is commonly called the "driving mechanism" or "driving motion
the machine, and the mechanism or devices for producing the feeding motion is
commonly called the "feed mechanism " or "feed motion" of the machine.
of
Feed motions for machine tools may be divided into two general classes: 1st. Those
which are used to advance the cutting tool toward the work, and which I shall
designate as "feed motions for cutting tools," and, 2nd. Those which are used to
advance the work toward the cutting tool, which I shall term "feed notions for the
work." As my invention relates to the method used in feeding a cutting tool toward
the work, feed motions of the second class need not be herein considered. Feed
motions for cutting tools may be further classified into automatic and hand motions.
An automatic feed motion is one in which the cutting tool is caused to advance toward
the work, or is "fed" by a train of gearing or mechanism which is, during its action,
independent of the operator of the machine, requiring only to be started and stopped
by him, while a hand feed is one in which the tool is fed either exclusively or partially
during its operation by the operator. Feed motions may be further classified as
intermittent or uniform.
A uniform feed motion is one which throughout its action is maintained at a uniform
rate, while an intermittent feed motion is one which does not maintain a-uniform rate

page_text: throughout its action, the tool being fed more rapidly during some portions of its action
than at others, or the action of the feeding being entirely stopped during the portions
of the time that the tool is cutting. The land feed motions heretofore used consist of
a series of gears, a screw, or a train of mechanism of some kind, which is connected
to some one of the tool supports to which the tool is attached or upon which it is
mounted, and some portion of which is propelled by the operator of the machine. The
automatic feed motions consist of mechanism similar to those used for hand feeding,
except that some portion of the mechanism is propelled either by a prime mover
independent of the machine, or by some portion of the driving mechanism of the
machine.
The cutting tool used in a machine tool is held and supported by different parts of
the machine, which are called tool supporting members or tool supports, the various
tool supports which are used being called by different names according to the special
uses to which they are applied. The devices such as tool posts, chucks, or clamps
"tool
which are ordinarily used for attaching the tool to the machine are known as
holders." The tool holder is generally mounted on, attached to, or part of a moveable
part of the machine, which is supported and guided in its motions by other parts of the
machine. The movable tool support to which the tool is attached is termed the "tool
slide." In the case of the lathe, planer and boring mill the tool slide is generally a
piece of metal planed so as to have dovetailed or flanged surfaces, which fit in or over
other corresponding dovetailed or flanged surfaces, and it is guided and supported by
these surfaces while the cutting tool is fed up to and into the work.
This tool slide is frequently mounted upon another movable tool support which is
guided and supported in a manner similar to that of the tool slide, with the object of
advancing or feeding the cutting tool in two different directions. In the case of the
boring mill and planer, and in some cases in the lathe, the tool supporting member
upon which the tool slide is mounted, is called the saddle. The saddle of a planer or
boring mill is ordinarily mounted upon another movable tool support called the cross
head, while in the lathe the movable tool support on which the saddle is mounted is
called the lathe carriage, the lathe carriage being that portion of the machine which
rests upon, is guided by, and is traversed or fed along the shears or bed of the lathe.
In many lathes, however, the tool slide is mounted directly upon the lathe
carriage. In this case the tool slide is sometimes called the lathe saddle, as well as the
tool slide.
It is frequently necessary that the cutting tool in a lathe or boring mill, or other
machine tool should be fed in two directions at the same time, as for example, in
turning a taper on a piece of work in a lathe it is often necessary that the tool should
be made to feed toward the live head of the machine and at the same time to approach
or recede from the central axis of the work in the lathe. This has been accomplished
in the case of the lathe by feeding one of the tool supports in two directions at the
same time, for instance, in the case of the lathe, if the tool slide be mounted upon the
carriage of the lathe in such manner that it can be slid in its guides so as to approach
or recede from the central axis of the lathe, and the carriage be mounted on the slides
of the lathe in such manner that it can be made to approach, or recede from, the live
head of the lathe, the direction in which the tool slide moves relatively to the carriage
will be at right angles to the direction in which the carriage noves on the shears of
the lathe. If now the tool slide be moved in its guides toward the central axis of
the lathe, and the carriage at the same time be moved along the shears towards the
live head of the lathe, the tool slide is said to be fed in two directions at the same time,
while the carriage is said to be fed in only one direction.
However finely the parts of the machine tool may be fitted together there will be more
or less lost motion or play between the joints of the movable tool supports mounted
one upon another, as for instance between the adjacent surfaces of the tool slide and
the saddle, the saddle and the cross-head, or the saddle and the carriage, as the case
may be, and between the carriage and the shears of the machine. When the tool is
removing shavings or chips from the work it is subjected to a pressure proportional to
the sectional area of the shaving which it is removing from the work, and dependent

page_text: in amount upon the quality of the material of which the work is composed and the
condition of the tool itself. This pressure of the work upon the tool causes all of the
parts which support the tool to deflect more or less, owing to the fact that they are
themselves more or less elastic, and that there is lost motion or play in each of the
joints, as hereinbefore described. Now, if the pressure between the work and the tool
remained constant, the deflection of the parts supporting the tool would be unimportant.
The tool, however, in removing the shaving from the work generally breaks it up into
a series of small parts, and just after each of these small parts is broken away from
the work the pressure between the work and the tool is very much diminished. As the
pressure on the tool diminishes, the deflection of the parts supporting the cutting tool
also diminishes, so that the cutting tool and the tool supports on which it is mounted
are made to vibrate backward and forward while it is cutting. This vibration or
chatter, as it is technically termed, of the tool and tool supports, frequently seriously
affects the finish of the work, causing it to be rough when it should be snooth. In alt
feed motions heretofore made there is more or less lost motion, and this also causes the
tool to chatter at times.
In feed motions heretofore used for feeding the tool against the work, the pressure of
the feed motion upon the movable tool support has been in general in the direction in
which it was desired that the tool support should move, while the pressure of the work
upon the tool has been in general in the opposite direction to that in which the tool
was being fed, and was variable, being greater or less as the section of the shaving
being removed was greater or less. As a consequence there has always been more or
less spring and deflection in any form of feed motion; and with feed motions as
heretofore used, it frequently requires considerable time for the tool to take its full
cut after it comes in contact with the work. This defect in feed motions is particularly
apparent and objectionable when a tool with a broad cutting edge is being fed with a
fine feed into work, as under these conditions it often requires more time to cause the
parts of the feed motion and the tool support to deflect to their full extent than it does
to finish the work which the tool is doing after they have deflected to their full extent.
For the same reason with feed motions heretofore used it has frequently been difficult
to stop the tool from advancing into the work at the precise point desired, since the
elasticity of the feed motion frequently causes the tool to advance after the actual
driving of the feed motion has ceased.
In the method of feeding which has heretofore been used the resistance which it has
been necessary to overcome, during the operation of causing the tool support to advance,
has consisted of three elements. 1st. The resistance which the work offers to the
advance of the tool; 2nd. The friction between the tool support which is being fed and
the part or parts upon which it is mounted, and, 3rd. The friction developed between
the various parts of the feed motion proper. Both the 2nd and 3rd elements of the
resistance which had to be overcome during the operation of feeding were dependent
in their magnitude upon the magnitude of the first element, since the friction of the
tool support as well as of the feed motion increased with an increase of the pressure
of the work on the tool, and diminished with a diminution of this pressure.
Inasmuch as the pressure on the feed motion has been proportional to the pressure
of the work on the tool, with feed motions heretofore used, great exertion has been
required to operate a feed motion by hand when the tool was taking a heavy cut, and
owing to the variable pressure required to feed a tool it was frequently difficult,
when feeding by hand, to exert exactly the proper pressure upon the feed motion to
produce the desired rate of advance of the tool. In feed motions, as heretofore
constructed, it has been usual to transmit all of the power required to operate
the feed motion through the portion of the feed motion which regulates the
rate of the feed. This portion of the feed motion consists, in the case of
automatic feed motions, in some cases of gears which could be changed and
replaced with others of different proportions, so as to vary the rate of feed, and
in others of friction plates or discs, the speed of which could be so varied as to vary
the rate of the feed. In the case of hand feed motions the rate of the feed has been
varied by the varying rapidity with which the person operating the feed caused the

page_text: feed to be moved. But in each case, it has been usual to transmit all of the power
required to operate the feed through the portion of the feed motion which regulates
the rate of the feed. In cases in which the power required to feed the tool is large,
the necessity of transmitting all of the feeding power through the entire feed motion is
a material disadvantage, since it is necessary that the portion of the foed motion for
regulating the rate of the feed should be either very heavy and cumbersome or that it
be run at a high rate of speed, either of which conditions is objectionable.
In general, the defects which have been developed in the operation of feed motions
hereinbefore mentioned may be stated briefly to be due to the following causes: 1st. The
elasticity of the parts supporting the tool, such as the tool slide, saddle, carriage, etc.
2nd. The lost motion or play in the joints of the parts supporting the tool. 3rd. Elasticity
and deflection and lost motion in the parts of the feed motion, proper. 4th. The
tendency of the pressure of the feed motion to push the parts supporting the tool in
one direction, which the pressure of the work upon the tool tends to force these parts
in the opposite direction. 5th. The fact that the pressure exerted upon feed motions
as heretofore constructed, in order to operate them, has been a variable one, its amount
being dependent upon the pressure between the tool and the work.
The present invention is designed to obviate the objections above indicatod as
obtaining in feed motions as heretofore constructed, and its special objects are:
First. To cause the tool support to be fed in such manner that the lost motion in
the mechanism employed in advancing the tool support, and in regulating the rato at
which the tool support advances, shall be taken up before the tool comes in contact
with the work, in the same direction and to approximately the same extent as this lost
motion is taken up after the tool comes in contact with the work.
Second. To cause the tool support to be fed in such manner that it shall deflect
before the tool has come in contact with the work, to approximately the same extent
and in the same direction (as far as it is practicable to accomplish this end with one feed
motion), as it (the tool support) would deflect after the tool is operating upon the work.
Third. To cause a moveable tool support to be fed in such manner that the lost
motion between the joints of this tool support and the part upon which it is mounted
shall be taken up before the tool has come in contact with the work, to approximately
the same extent and in the same direction (as far as it is practicable to accomplish this
end with the use of one feed motion) as the lost motion would cause the tool support
to vibrate or chatter after the tool is operating upon the work.
Fourth. To cause a movable tool support to be fed in such manner that not only
the tool support which is being fed, but also one or more other tool supports upon
which it is mounted, or which are mounted upon it, shall deflect, before the tool has
come in contact with the work to approximately the same extent and in the same
direction (as far as it is practicable to accomplish this end with the use of one feed
motion) as they (the tool supports) would deflect after the tool is operating upon
the work.
Fifth. To cause a movable tool support to be fed in such manner that not only the
lost motion in the joints of the tool support which is being fed, but also the lost
motion in the joints of other tool supports mounted upon it, or upon which it is
mounted, shall be taken up, before the tool has come in contact with the work, to
approximately the same extent and in the same direction (as far as it is practicable to
accomplish this end with the use of one feed motion) as the lost motion would
cause these tool supports to vibrate or chatter after the tool is operating upon the work.
Sixth. To cause a movable tool support, which is mounted upon one or more other
tool supports, or which has one or more other tool supports mounted upon it, to be fed
in such manner that not only it, but the other tool supports mounted upon it, or upon
which it is mounted, shall deflect in the same direction and to approximately the same
extent as the pressure of the work apon the tool would cause them to deflect, even
although the direction of the pressure of the work upon the tool be different from the
direction in which the tool support is being fed.
Seventh. To cause a movable tool support which is mounted upon one or more
other tool supports, or which has one or more other tool supports mounted upon it, to

page_text: be fed in such manner that the lost motion in the joints of this tool support as well as
the lost motion in the joints of the other tool supports which are mounted upon it, or
upon which it is mounted, shall be taken up by the operation of feeding to
approximately the same extent, and in the same direction, as the lost motion would
cause those parts to vibrate or chatter after the tool is operating on the work.
Eighth. To cause a movable tool support to be fed in such manner that the power
required in operating the mechanism which regulates the rate at which the tool support
is fed (whether this mechanism be operated by hand or automatically shall decrease
with the increase of the pressure of the work on the tool.
Ninth. To cause a movable tool support to be fed in such manner that the power
required to operate the mechanism which regulates the rate of the feed, whether the
rate of the feed be regulated by hand or automatically, shall be a fraction only of the
power required to feed the tool.
Tenth. To cause a movable tool support to be fed in such manner that the friction
of the various elements which constitute the train of mechanism used for regulating
the rate at which the tool support advances shall exert an advantageous instead of a
disadvantageous action, in permitting the members of the train of feed mechanism to
be made relatively lighter than those of the ordinary feed motions the further they
are located from the cutting tool.
The invention embodies, as its leading characteristic feature, two essential opera-
tions, which, generally stated, are as follows: The first which is termed "the operation
of feeding or advancing the tool support" consists in transmitting a pressure to the
tool support, in general, in the direction in which it is desired to feed it. It is not
essential that this pressure should be uniform throughout the time of its action, but it
is very desirable that it should be uniform, since it, then maintains the tool support
under a uniform strain and therefore under uniform conditions, as far as lost motion
and deflection are concerned, throughout the time of its action, thus rendering the
operation of feeding much simpler, and requiring less skill on the part of the operator
than has heretofore been required. The mechanism which is used in thus producing
and transmitting the pressure to the tool support which is necessary to feed it, will be
herein termed an advancing mechanism." As an example of the advancing
mechanism which is considered best adapted for exerting and transmitting this
pressure there may be mentioned one which consists preferably of a cylinder containing
water, steam, or other fluid, under compression, which exerts a uniform pressure upon
a plunger or piston in the cylinder, and which pressure is transmitted either directly
from the plunger or piston rod, or indirectly through a train of gearing, or a lever or
series of levers, or other suitable means of transmitting pressure, to the slide or part
supporting the tool which it is desired to advance.
As an alternate form of advancing mechanism, adapted to perform the same
functions as that above specified although with a lesser degree of effectiveness, thero
may be employed a friction clutch, through which the necessary power, required to
cause the tool to feed could be transmitted. This clutch could be adjusted so as to
slip when the slide to which the advancing mechanism was attached had been subjected
to the proper pressure. The mechanism for transmitting the power from the friction
clutch to the slide could be varied in a variety of ways to suit the particular case of
each feed motion.
As another alternate form of advancing mechanism, a pair of tight and loose pullies
may be provided, upon the tight pulleys of which pair a belt would be run for trans-
mitting the necessary power for causing the tool to feed until the pressure upon the
slide, which it was desired to advance, had reached a certain desired maximum. The
belt could then be automatically, or otherwise, shifted to the loose pulley until it was
again required for producing pressure upon the slide. In the meantime the advancing
pressure already developed by the belt could be made to act continuously and approxi-
mately uniformly upon the slide through the elasticity of the part of the advancing
mechanism lying between the driving pulley and the slide which it was desired to
advance, or by the means of a spring interposed in some part of the mechanism lying
between the driving pulley and the slide. Neither of these alternate forms of advancing

page_text: mechanism are however, as simple, complete or desirable as the hydraulic cylinder
first above mentioned.
The
The second of the essential operations before referred to, and which is termed the
operation of governing the rate of feed or advance of the tool support consists in
opposing a resistance to the advance of the tool support, during and as a part of the
operation of regulating the rate of advance, by the institution of a pressure acting
in reverse direction to the pressure by which the tool is advanced, so that the mechanism
which is used in regulating the rate of advance shall be kept continually under strain
from the pressure exerted upon the tool support in advancing the same.
mechanism thus used in governing the rate of advance of the tool support may be
termed "
a rate governing mechanism." The rate governing mechanism may consist
either of a train of gears, or gearing in combination with a screw, and is susceptible of
an infinite variety of forms. It may be similar in all respects to ordinary feed motions,
as heretofore used, except that, instead of being used to advance the tool by exerting
a pressure upon one of the slides supporting it, the rate governing mechanism acts in
the mannor of an escapement, regulating the rate at which the advancing mechanism,
which acts in conjunction with it, feeds the tool. If the feed motion is to be automatic,
the rate of feed would be governed by the relative proportions of the gearing or
screws, etc., of which the rate governing mechanism was composed. If it were to be
fed by land, the rate of the feed would be at the discretion of the operator. A special
and marked difference is to be noted between the ordinary feed mechanism and a rate
governing mechanism adapted for use in the practice of this invention, to wit, that
owing to the friction of the parts of the ordinary feed motion, only a small fraction of
the power which is used to drive the feed motion is transmitted to the slide or tool
support which it is desired to advance, the greater part of the power being ordinarily
absorbed in the friction of the parts of the feed motion, while in the case of the rate
governing mechanism the friction of the parts acts usefully and effectively, instead of
being a disadvantage, for the reason that it diminishes the stress, that would otherwise
be induced upon the parts of the rate governing mechanism, which are more remote
from the slide upon which it is operating, thus allowing them to be much lighter and
less cumbersome than those of the ordinary feed motion.
Whatever mechanism may be used in transmitting to the tool support the pressure
which causes it to advance, or whatever mechanism is used in regulating the rate of
advance of the tool support, there must be, in each case, a point, or a line, which is
known in mechanism as "the centre of pressure" of the force or forces which, in the
case of the advancing mechanism, are transmitted therefrom to the tool support, and,
in the case of the rate governing mechanism, are received by said mechanisin from the
tool support.
To illustrate what is means by "the centre of pressure," let it be supposed that the
pressure which causes the advance of the tool support is transmitted thereto through a
piston rod which receives pressure from the water in a hydraulic cylinder. The
pressure transmitted through this rod may be exerted upon the tool support through
any convenient form of bearing which the end of the rod may have upon the tool
support, and the pressure will then be imparted to the tool support at a great number
of points in this bearing. The aggregate of the several pressures which are imparted
to the tool support at the various parts of this bearing produces the same effect upon the
tool support as would a single pressure which is imparted to the tool support from the
piston rod in the direction of the centre line or axis of the piston rod and is equal in
amount to the sum of the several pressures transmitted to the bearing. The centre
line of pressure of the piston rod upon the tool support would, in such case, be the
axis of the piston rod.
Again, supposing the pressure which causes the tool support to advance to be
transmitted to it through a screw, the threads of which have a bearing in the tool
support, or some part attached to it; the pressure which in this case causes the tool
support to advance would be transmitted to said support at a great number of points
at which the threads of the screw press upon the threads of the nut in which it fits.
The centre of pressure of the screw upon the tool support would, however, be the axis

page_text: of the screw. Again, if the tool support be made to advance by means of a pressure
which the tooth, or teeth of a rack, which is stationary, exert upon the tooth or teeth
of a gear wheel, which is mounted upon and made to rotate on the tool support with
its teeth engaging the teeth of the rack; the pressure which causes the tool support
to advance would be transmitted from the teeth of the rack to the teeth of the gear
wheel at a great number of points at which these teeth come in contact. There exists,
in this case, a single line along which if a pressure were transmitted to the tool support
equal to that which the teeth of the rack exert upon the teeth of the gear, exactly the
samo effect would be produced upon the tool support as is produced by the pressure of
the teeth of the rack against the teeth of the gear. This line is in this case called
"the centre of pressure."
In the case of any advancing mechanism, or any rate governing mechanism, at
however many points the pressure may be transmitted, in one case from the advancing
mechanism to the tool support, and in the other case from the tool support to the rate
governing mechanism, there is always at each instant of the operation of the feed
motion a centre line of pressure along which, in the case of the advancing mechanism,
a pressure might be transmitted which if equal in amount to the sum of the pressure
transmitted through the advancing mechanism would produce the same effect upon
the tool support as is actually produced by the advancing mechanism and which in
the case of the rate governing mechanism, if equal in amount to the resistance offered
by the rate governing mechanism to the advance of the tool support, would produce
the same effect as is produced by the pressure of the rate governing inechanism; and
in using the term "centre of pressure" throughout this specification the imaginary
liue is referred to which is known as such in mechanics.
The invention then in general terms, consists:
First. In causing a tool support which is being fed, in a single direction, to move
relatively to the tool support, or other parts upon which it is mounted, by means of a
pressure which is transinitted either directly to it or to a part or parts mounted upon
it, and at the same time during and as a part of the operation of regulating the rate
at which the tool support advances, in exerting a pressure upon the tool support which
which
pressure
opposes its advance, and in locating the centres of pressure of the
causes the tool support to advance, and of the resisting pressure offered to its advance,
during the operation of regulating its rate of advance at different points upon the tool
support; so as to cause the lost motion in the joints of the tool support to be taken
up, and the tool support to deflect, in the same direction as the pressure of the work
upon the tool causes the lost motion to be taken up and the tool support to deflect, as
far as is practicable to attain these objects with a single feed motion, and at the same
time to cause the lost motion and deflection in the parts of the feed inotion to be taken
up even before the tool comes in contact with the work, thus avoiding the chatter and
irregularity in feeding the tool, while at the same time the tool support is only being
fed in one direction; thus allowing work to be done with a wide nosed tool or cutter
which is advanced directly into the work.
Second. In causing a movable tool support, which is being fed in a single
direction, to move relatively to the tool support or other parts upon which it is
mounted, by means of a pressure which is transmitted either directly to it, or to a
part of the
part or parts mounted upon it and at the same time during and as a
operation of regulating the rate at which the tool support advances, in exerting
a pressure upon the tool support which opposes its advance, the pressure which
causes the tool support to advance tending in the same direction in which it is
desired that the tool support shall advance, while the resistance offered to the advance
of the tool support during the operation of governing its rate of advance tends in the
opposite direction to that in which it is desired that the tool support shall advance
and in locating the centres of pressure, of the pressure which causes the tool suppor
to advance, and of the resisting pressure offered to its advance during the operation o
regulating its rate of advance at different points upon the tool support, so as to cause
the lost motion in the joints of the tool support to be taken up, and the tool support to
deflect, in the same direction as the pressure of the work upon the tool causes the los

page_text: motion to be taken up and the tool support to deflect, thus preventing the chatter and
lost motion in the tool support and in the feed motion, while at the same time the tool
support is only fed in one direction, thus allowing work to be done with a wide nosed
tool or cutter which is advanced directly into the work.
Third. In causing a tool support, which is being fed in a single direction, and which
has one or more tool supporting members upon it, to move relatively to the tool
support, or other parts upon which it is mounted, by means of a pressure which is
transmitted either directly to it, or to a part or parts attached to it, and at the same time
during and as a part of the operation of regulating the rate at which the tool support
advances in exerting a pressure upon the tool support which opposes its advance, and
in locating the centre of pressure of the pressure which causes the tool support to
advance upon some portion of the tool support, while the centre of pressure of the
pressure which offers resistance to the advance of the tool support during the operation
of regulating its rate of advance, is located upon a tool supporting member mounted
upon the tool support, thus causing not only the too! support upon which the advancing
pressure is exerted to deflect, and to have its lost motion taken up, but also causing
the other tool supporting member which is mounted upon said tool support, or upon
which it is mounted to have its lost motion taken up, and to deflect in the same
direction as the pressure of the work on the tool would cause the too! supports to
deflect and would take up their lost motion, while at the same time the tool support is
fed only in one direction, thus allowing work to be done with a wide nosed tool or
cutter, which is advanced directly into the work.
Fourth. In causing a tool support, which is being fed in a single direction and
which has one or more tool supporting members mounted upon it, to move relatively
to the tool support, or other parts upon which it is mounted, by means of a pressure
which is transmitted either directly to it, or to a part or parts attached to it, and at
the same time during and as a part of the opération of regulating the rate at which
the tool support advances, in exerting a pressure which opposes its advance, the
pressure which causes the tool support to advance, tending in the same direction in
which it is desired that the tool support shall advance, while the resistance offered to the
advance of the tool support during the operation of governing its rate of advance tends in
the opposite direction to that in which it is desired that the tool shall advance, and in
locating the centre of pressure of the pressure which causes the tool support to advance
upon some portion of the support, while the "centre of pressure" of the pressure which
offers resistance to the advance of the tool support during the operation of regulating
its rate of advance, is located upon a tool supporting member mounted on the tool
support, thus causing the lost motion in the feed mechanism to be taken up, and the
feed mechanism to deflect, in the same direction, before the tool comes in contact with
the work, as the lost motion would be taken up and the feed mechanism would be
made to deflect, after the tool comes in contact with the work, and thus causing not
only the tool support upon which the advancing pressure is exerted, to deflect and to
have its lost motion taken up, but also causing another tool support mounted upon the
former, or upon which it is mounted, to have its lost motion taken up, and to deflect,
in the same direction as the pressure of the work on the tool would cause these tool
supports to deflect and would take up their lost motion, while at the same time the
tool support is only fed in one direction. And therefore allowing work to be done
with a wide nosed tool or cutter which is advanced directly into the work.
Fifth. In causing a tool support, which is being fed in a single direction, to move
relatively to the tool support, or other parts upon which it is mounted, by means of
pressure which is transmitted either directly to it or to a part or parts attached to it,
and at the same time during and as a part of the operation of regulating the rate at
which the tool support advances, in exerting a pressure upon the tool support which
opposes its advance, the pressure which causes the tool support to advance being
practically uniform throughout its period of action, while the resisting pressure offered
to the tool support during the operation of governing its rate of advance varies
inversely as the pressure of the work on the tool, that is becomes less as this pressure
becomes greater, and greater as this pressure becomes less, and in locating the

page_text: "centres of pressure" of the pressure which causes the tool support to advance, and
of the resisting pressure offered to its advance during the operation of regulating its
rate of advance at different points upon the tool support, so as to cause the lost
motion in the joints of the tool support to be taken up, and the tool support to deflect,
and to place the tool support under a practically uniform strain throughout the period
that it is being fed in only one direction, and therefore allowing work to be done
with a wide nosed tool or cutter which is advanced directly into the work.
Sixth. In causing a tool support, which is being fed in a single direction, to move
relatively to the tool support, or other parts upon which it is mounted, by means of a
pressure which is transmitted either directly to it, or to a part or parts mounted upon
it, and at the same time during and as a part of the operation of regulating the rato at
which the tool support advances, in exerting a pressure upon the tool support which
opposes its advance, the pressure which causes the tool support to advance being
practically uniform throughout its period of action and tending in the same direction in
which it is desired that the tool support shall advance, while the resisting pressure
offered to the tool support during the operation of governing its rate of advance varies
inversely as the pressure of the work upon the tool, that is, becomes less as this
pressure becomes greater, and greater as this pressure becomes less, and tends in the
opposite direction to that in which it is desired that the tool support shall advance,
and in locating "the centres of pressure" of the pressure which causes the tool support
to advance, and of the resisting pressure offered to its advance during the operation
of regulating its rate of advance at different points upon the tool support, so as to
cause the lost motion in the joints of the tool support to be taken up, and the tool
support to deflect in the same direction as the pressure of the work upon the tool causes
the lost motion to be taken up and the tool support to deflect. The effect of this
method of foeding is to place the tool support under a practically uniform strain
throughout the period that it is being fed, thereby rendering the deflection of the feed
mechanisin uniform and taking up the lost motion of the feed mechanism uniformly,
while at the same time the tool support is only fed in one direction which allows work
to be done with a wide nosed tool or cutter which is advanced directly into the work.
Seventh. In causing a tool support, which is being fed in a single direction, and
which has one or more tool supporting members mounted upon it, to move relatively
to the tool support or other parts upon which it is mounted, by means of a pressure
which is transmitted either directly to it, or to a part or parts attached to it, and at
the same time during and as a part of the operation of regulating the rate at which
the tool support advances, in exerting a pressure upon the tool support which opposes
its advance, the pressure which causes the tool support to advance being practically
uniform, while the resisting pressure offered to the tool support during the operation
of governing its rate of advance varies inversely as the pressure of the work upon the
tool, that is, becomes less as this pressure becomes greater, and greater as this pressure
becomes less, and in locating the "centre of pressure of the pressure which causes
the tool support to advance upon some portion of the tool support, while the "centre
of pressure of the pressure which offers resistance to the advance of the tool
support during the operation of regulating its rate of advance is located upon a
tool supporting member mounted upon the tool support, thus causing not only the tool
support to which the advancing pressure is transinitted, but also one or more tool
supporting members which are mounted upon it, or upon which it is mounted to
deflect and to have their lost motion taken up to a practically uniform extent
throughout the period of action of the feed mechanism while at the same time the
tool support is only fed in one direction and therefore allowing work to be done with
a wide nosed tool or cutter which is advanced directly into the work.
"
Eighth. In causing a tool support, which is being fed in a single direction, and
which has one or more tool supporting members mounted upon it, to move relatively
to the tool support or other parts upon which it is mounted by means of a pressure
which is transmitted either directly to it, or to a part or parts attached to it, and at
the same time, during and as a part of the operation of regulating the rate at which
the tool support advances, in exerting a pressure upon the tool support which opposes

page_text: its advance, the pressure which causes the tool support to advance being practically
uniform throughout its period of action and tending in the same direction in which it is
desired that the tool support shall advance, while the resisting pressure offered to the
tool support during the operation of governing its rate of advance varies inversely as
the pressure of the work, that is, becomes less as this pressure becomes greater, and
greater as this pressure becomes less, and tends in the opposite direction to that in
which it is desired that the tool support shall advance, and in locating the "centre of
pressure" of the pressure which causes the tool support to advance upon some portion
of the tool support, while the "centre of pressure" of the pressure which offers
resistance to the advance of the tool support during the operation of regulating its
rate of advance is located upon a tool supporting member mounted upon the tool
support, thus causing not only the tool support to which the advancing pressure is
transmitted, but also one or more tool supports which are mounted upon it, or upon
which it is mounted, to deflect and have their lost motion taken up in the same
direction and to a practically uniform extent throughout the period of action of the
feed mechanism, and to cause the lost motion and deflection of the feed mechanism to
be practically uniform, while at the same time the tool support is only fed in one
direction, thus allowing work to be done with a wide nosed tool or cutter which is
advanced directly into the work.
In many cases the pressure of the work upon the tool is in such a direction that a
single feed mechanism acting on a tool support cannot be so applied as to cause the
tool support to deflect in the same direction that the pressure of the tool would cause
it to deflect. Further, although one feed mechanism can be applied to a tool support
in such manner as to take up the lost motion not only of the tool support to which it
is applied, but also of the other tool supporting members mounted upon it, in one
direction, yet the pressure of the feed mechanism upon the tool supports (tending to
take up the lost motion in them) is not always in exactly the same direction as is that
of the work upon the tool, so that one feed mechanism can only take up part of the
detrimental lost motion in the tool supports. It therefore in many cases becomes
necessary to exert additional pressures upon the tool supports, besides those to which
they are subjected by the feed mechanism; the function of these additional pressures
being merely to put the tool supports under such a strain as to cause them to deflect
in the desired direction and also to take up the lost motion of the tool supports in that
direction, while the function of the feed mechanism is not only to cause the tool
supports to deflect in another direction and the lost motion to be taken up in that
direction, but also at the same time to feed the tool in the direction desired. In this
case the additional pressure to which the tool supports are subjected merely put the
tool supports under strain, but do not cause any of them to advance, while the
pressure of the feed mechanism not only puts the tool supports under strain in a
different direction, but also cause one of them to advance and so to make the tool
feed. The considerations above stated relate to the next feature of my invention, to wit:
Ninth. In causing a tool support which is being fed in a single direction, and
which has one or more tool supporting members mounted upon it, to move relatively
to the tool support, or other parts upon which it is mounted, by means of a pressure
which is transmitted to it, or to a part or parts attached to it, and at the same time
during and as a part of the operation of regulating the rate at which the tool support
advances, in exerting a pressure which opposes its advance, the pressure which causes
the tool support to advance, tending in the same direction in which it is desired that
the tool support shall advance, while the resistance offered to the advance of the tool
support during the operation of governing its rate of advance, tends in the opposite
direction to that in which it is desired that the tool support shall advance, and in
locating the centre of pressure of the pressure which causes the tool support to
advance upon some portion of the tool support, while the centre of pressure of the
pressure which offers resistance to the advance of the tool support during the
operation of regulating its rate of advance, is located upon a tool supporting member
mounted upon the tool support; and at the same time in exerting a pressure upon
one of the tool supporting members, mounted upon the tool support which is being.

page_text: fed, which tends in the direction in which the tool supporting member is adapted to
feed relatively to the tool support upon which it is mounted, and at the same time in
exerting a pressure either upon this tool supporting member, or upon a tool support
mounted thereon which prevents the tool supporting member from feeding relatively
to the tool support upon which it is mounted, thus causing the lost motion in the feed
mechanism to be taken up, and the feed mechanism to deflect, in the same direction
before the tool comes in contact with the work, as the lost motion would be taken up
and the feed mechanism would be made to deflect after the tool comes in contact with
the work and thus causing not only the tool supports upon which the advancing
pressure is exerted, to deflect and to have its lost motion taken up, but also causing
another tool support mounted upon that last named, or upon which it is mounted, to
have its lost motion taken up, and to deflect in the same direction as the pressure of
the work upon the tool would cause these tool supports to deflect and would take up
their lost motion while at the same time the tool support is fed only in one direction,
and therefore allowing work to be done with a wide nosed tool or cutter which is
advanced directly into the work.
وو
Tenth. In causing a tool support which is being fed in a single direction, and
which has one or more tool supporting members mounted upon it, to move relatively
to the tool support or other parts upon which it is mounted, by means of a pressure
which is transmitted either directly to it or to a part or parts attached to it, and at
the same time during and as a part of the operation of regulating the rate at which
the tool support advances, in exerting a pressure which opposes its advance, the
pressure which causes the tool support to advance tending in the same direction in
which it is desired that the tool shall advance, while the resistance offered to the
advance of the tool support during the operation of governing its rate of advance,
tends in the opposite direction to that in which the it is desired that the tool shall
advance, while the resistance offered to the advance of the tool support during the
operation of governing its rate of advance tends in the opposite direction to that in
which it is desired that the tool support shall advance, and in locating the "centre of
pressure of the pressure which causes the tool support to advance, upon some
portion of the tool support, while the "centro of pressure" which offers resistance to
the advance of the tool support during the operation of regulating its rate of advance
is located upon a tool supporting member mounted upon the tool support; and in
exerting a pressure upon one of the tool supporting members, upon which the tool
support which is being fed is mounted, which tends in the direction in which this tool
supporting member is adapted to feed relatively to the parts upon which it is
mounted;
and at the same time in exerting a pressure either upon this tool supporting
member or upon the tool support mounted thereon, which prevents the tool supporting
member from feeding, thus causing the lost motion in the feed mechanism to deflect
in the same direction before the tool comes in contact with the work, as the lost
motion would be taken up and the feed mechanism would be made to deflect after the
tool comes in contact with the work; and thus causing not only the tool support
upon which the advancing pressure is exerted, to deflect and to have its lost motion
taken up, but also causing another tool support mounted upon the last named, or
upon which it is mounted to have its lost motion taken up, and to deflect in the same
direction as the pressure of the work on the tool would cause these tool supports to
deflect and would take up their lost motion, while at the same time the tool support
is only fed in one direction, and therefore allowing work to be done with a wide nosed
tool or cutter which is advanced directly into the work.
In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a plan or top view of a special horizontal
boring mill designed for turning tyres of locomotive or car wheels and embodying
mechanism adapted for operation in accordance with this invention: Fig. 2 an end
view of the same; Fig. 3 a side view, a portion of the feed mechanism being shown
in section, at the line X X of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 a plan or top view of a portion of a
lathe adapted for operation in accordance with this invention; Fig. 5 an end view of
the same, with the bed in section; Fig. 6 a side view in elevation of a portion of the
same; Fig. 7 a view in elevation and on an enlarged scale, shewing details of the

page_text: feed mechanism; Fig. 8 a plan or top view of the same, and Fig. 9 a view, partly in
elevation and partly in section, illustrating a modification of the feed mechanism.
In the practice of this invention the tool support, or tool supports is or are mounted
upon any machine tool which is adapted for using a cutting tool in removing portions
of forgings, castings or other work which is being operated upon in the machine tool.
The tool support may be mounted upon the machine tool either directly, or through
the intermediation of another supporting member or members, in the manner in
which the tool supports of machine tools, are ordinarily mounted. In exerting the
pressure upon the tool supports, which causes it to feed or advance, any of the well
known trains of mechanism or devices which have been used in advancing tool
supports are employed. It is however preferred for reasons herein before mentioned
to employ such trains of mechanism or devices as will exert a practically uniform
pressure upon the tool support in causing it to advance. The power used in actuating
these trains of mechanism may be derived from any convenient source, or may be
exerted by the operator of the machine.
In regulating the rate at which the tool support advances any of the well known
trains of mechanism or devices, which have heretofore been used in regulating the
rate of advance of tool supports may be employed. The trains of mechanism or
devices used for regulating, the rate of advance of the tool support must, however, be
so attached to the tool support that they while regulating its rate of advance, receive
from the tool support part of the pressure which has been transmitted to it from
the mechanism which causes it to advance, thus opposing a resisting pressure to the
advance of the tool support. In other words, instead of employing the trains of
mechanism or devices used in regulating the rate of advance of the tool suport to
exert an advancing pressure upon the tool support as has heretofore been the case,
they are employed so as to exert a pressure which resists the advance of the tool
support.
As herein before stated, the resistances which were required to be overcome in the
method heretofore employed for causing a tool support to be fed, consisted of the
following elements: 1st. The resistance which the work offered to the advance of the
tool. 2nd. The friction between the tool support which is being fed, and the part or
parts upon which it is mounted, and 3rd. The friction developed between the various
parts of the feed motion itself. In the practice of this invention a fourth resistance is
introduced which must be overcome in the operation of advancing a tool support,
namely, the resisting pressure exerted by the mechanism used in governing the rate
of advance of the tool support. Since the sum of all the resistances which oppose the
advance of the tool support must always equal the advancing pressure exerted upon it,
when the advancing pressure is a practically uniform one, the resisting pressure offered
by the rate governing mechanism to the advance of the tool support must vary inversely
as the pressure of the work upon the tool, becoming greater as this pressure becomes
less, and less as it becomes greater, and therefore maintaining the tool support under
a uniform strain which will cause it to deflect to a uniform extent.
The mechanism, or appliance, used in exerting the advancing pressure upon the
tool support may be so located that its centre of pressure upon the tool support
coincides with the centre of pressure of the mechanisin, or appliance used in regulating
the rate of advance of the tool support. For most cases it is necessary however to
locate the centre of pressure of the mechanism used in advancing the tool support, and
the mechanisin used in governing the rate of advance at different parts of the tool
support, so as to cause the tool support to deflect in the same direction as the pressure
of the work upon the tool causes them to deflect. When a tool support has one or
more tool supporting members mounted upon it it is preferred to locate the centre of
pressure of the advancing mechanism upon the tool support, and to locate the centre
of pressure of the rate governing mechanism upon one of the tool supporting members
mounted upon it, in order that the combined effect of the pressure exerted by the
advancing mechanisın, and of the resistance offered by the rate governing mechanisu
upon the tool support may cause not only the tool support which is being fed, but also

page_text: .
.
the tool supporting members mounted thereon, to deflect and have their lost motion
taken up in the same direction that the pressure of the work upon the tool will cause
them to deflect and have their lost motion taken up.
pressure
It is not necessary that the direction of the pressure exerted by the advancing
mechanism upon the tool support should coincide exactly with the direction in which
the tool support advances under the action of this pressure; the advancing
should, however, tend in the same direction as that in which the tool support advances.
Neither is it necessary that the resisting pressure offered by the rate governing
mechanism to the advance of the tool support should be in exactly the opposite
direction to that in which the tool support advances, it is however, necessary that this
resistance should tend in the opposite direction.
In some cases the direction of the pressure of the work against the tool differs
materially from the direction in which the tool supports are being fed. In such cases,
in the practice of the invention, when a tool support, having one or more tool support-
ing members mounted upon it, is being fed it is caused to be advanced or fed in the
manner just described above, thereby partially taking up the lost motion and deflection
of the tool support and the tool supporting members mounted thereon, and in order to
more fully take up the lost motion between the joints of the tool support and the tool
supporting members, and to cause them to deflect more nearly in the direction in
which the pressure of the work upon the tool would cause them to deflect, a pressure
is exerted upon one of the tool supporting members, that is mounted upon the tool
support which is being fed, by means of any of the well known methods of producing
and transmitting pressure to a body which it is desired to maintain under pressure. It
is preferred that the pressure exerted upon this tool supporting member should he a
uniform one, and such pressure should tend in the direction in which the tool
supporting member is adapted to feed relatively to the tool support which it is
desired to feed.
At the same time a pressure is exerted either upon this tool supporting member, or
upon another tool support mounted thereon, which prevents the tool supporting
nicimber from advancing or feeding relatively to the tool support upon which it is
mounted, this pressure, which prevents the tool supporting member from feeding, is
exerted upon it by connecting it to any of the adjacent portions of the machine by
means of any of the well known methods of connecting a movable portion of a machine
to another portion of a machine when it is desired to prevent the movable part from
moving. The resisting pressure opposed by this means to the tool supporting member,
and which prevents the tool supporting member from feeding, must of course, tend in
the opposite direction to that of the pressure which tends to cause it to feed the com-
bined effect of these two pressures being to cause the tool supports to deflect more
nearly in the direction in which the pressure of the work upon the tool would cause
them to deflect.
To facilitate the practical application of my invention by those skilled in the art to
which it relates, there are illustrated in the drawings and will be hereinafter described
instances of machine tools provided with feed mechanism the operation of which
embodies the characteristic features of the present invention.
The operative mechanism of the boring mill shown in Figs. 1 to 3, is mounted and
supported upon a main frame or body, I, upon which a table or face plate, 2, is fitted
to be driven or caused to rotate hy any suitable driving mechanism. Fig. 1 shows in
dotted lines the teeth of a gear, attached to the outside of the table, and serving to
drive the same. A tire, 4, is shown as attached to the table, 2, so as to be rigidly
supported thereon in position for turning off its tread by a cutting tool, 9. The
cutting tool in this case consists of a broad cutter, which extends the full width of the
part of the tire which it is desired to turn. This cutter is pressed by means of a wedge, 12,
which is driven tight by a screw 13, against a shoe, 10, which is supported by the
vertical tool slide 7. This vertical slide is supported and guided by a swinging
slide, 5, which is supported and guided at its outer end and upon the main body 1,
of the machine, and is held down thereon by the clamps, S, and the bolts, 14. The

page_text: entire slide, 5, pivots or swings about the post, 6, around which it fits, and by which
it is supported, the post, 6, being either integral with or attached to, the main frame
or bed of the machine.
In the feed motion, which is used to feed the tool against the tyre, the advancing
mechanism consists of a cylinder, 15, which is adapted to be supplied with water or
steam, or other liquid or gas under compression. The cylinder, 15, is mounted upon
trunnions, the upper one of which, 16, is shown in the drawing. These trunnions are
supported by and abut against the elevated portions, 17, of the main frame. Propor
pipes and valves for supplying the cylinder with the liquid or gas under pressure are
arranged so as to enable the pressure of the liquid or gas, to be exerted in forcing the
piston toward either end of the cylinder at the will of the operator of the machine.
The cylinder, 15, is fitted with a suitable piston secured upon a piston rod, 18, the
outer end of which is coupled by a pair of trunnions, 19, to the swinging slide 5.
The rate governing mechanism is of the following construction: A connecting link,
casting, or forging, 21, is connected at one end by a swinging joint, to the vertical
slide, 7, at a greater distance from the guiding surface of the vertical slide which fits
in the swinging slide, 5, than the distance of the tool from said guiding surface. The
connecting link casting or forging, 21, is provided with a movable stop block, 22,
which can be moved into different positions along the connecting link and clamped
fast thereto in any desired position, by means of a bolt, 25, and nut, 24, and the two
washers, 23. This stop block is shown as pressing against the upper arm of a doublo
armed lever, 26, which pivots upon and is supported by a pin, 29, fitting in a
bearing 30, projecting from the main frame of the machine. The lower arm of the
lever, 26, carries a nut, 31, having on each side a trunnion fitting in a suitable bearing
in the lever, so that the nut may remain in a horizontal position. The nut, 31, engages
a releasing screw, 32, having a thread of very rapid pitch. The screw, 32, is fitted to
rotate in bearings 33, fixed to the main frame, and is provided with collars, 34, by
which its end motion is prevented.
The angular pitch of the thread of the screw, 32, should be of such steepness and
the supporting collar, 84, of such dimensions that a pressure brought by the nut upon
the screw will be almost sufficient to cause the scrow to rotate, and allow the nut to
run down, or the angular pitch of the thread of the screw and the proportions of the
collar, 34, should be such that a pressure brought to bear by the nut upon the thread
will ensure under all circumstances, the rotation of the screw, and allow the nut to
run down it; but in this case the angular pitch of the screw and the dimensions of
the collar should be such that a pressure upon the nut will not cause the screw to turn
with great rapidity. To illustrate the requirements more clearly, it should be stated
that a certain angular pitch of a screw thread will, in combination with a certain
dimension of the thrust collar on the screw, just insure the turning of a screw thread
when the nut, which engages it, is subjected to pressure. In the application of this
part of the invention the pitch of the screw thread and the dimensions of the collar
should be designed in one of two ways, to wit; either that when the pressure is brought
upon the nut the screw thread will, almost, but not quite turn, or that the pressure of
the nut will ensure the turning of the screw, while at the same time, it will not force.
it to turn too easily.
The reason for proportioning the screw and the collar thercon in either of these
ways, is that, under either of the conditions mentioned, a comparatively small amount,
of power will suffice when applied to the screw to affect its rotation, as the pressure of
the nut upon the screw induces a strong tendency to rotation in the latter. It would
not be practicable for the pitch of the screw and the design of the collar to be other-
wise than in accordance with the two conditions above stated, as it would then
sometimes be doubtful whether it would require a slight push to start the feed motion
to working, or a pull to prevent it from working. Upon the end of the releasing
screw, 32, is fixed a worm wheel, 27, on one side of which is cast a bevel gear, 27*,
meshing with a corresponding pinion, 28, which may be operated by an ordinary
crank handle, applied to the squared end of its shaft, and not shown in the drawing.
The worm wheel, 27, meshes with a worn, 35, fixed upon a worm shaft, 36, which is

page_text: supported by a rocker bearing, 37, pivotted to a pin, 38, on the frame. The worm, 35,
can be thrown out of gear with the worm wheel, 27, by pivotting the rocker
bearing, 37, around its pin #8. The worm shaft, 36, which is shown as broken off in
the drawing, is to be connected by a suitable train of feed gearing, either to a member
of the mechanism which drives the table of the machine, or to any other suitable
prime mover, as the case may require.
The
The operation of the feed mechanism is as follows: Assuming that the tool, 9, has
been moved to within a short distance of the piece of work, 4, the upper part of the
lever, 26, should then be slightly further away from the work than it now is.
stop block, 22, having been rigidly fastened to the connecting link casting or
forging 21, is brought to a firm bearing against the upper end of the lever, 26.
Liquid or gas, under pressure, being admitted to the back end of the cylinder, 15, so
as to produce a pressure upon the piston, tending to force it toward the front end of
the cylinder, the pressure from this liquid or gas will be transmitted by the piston
rod, 18, and trunnions, 19, to the swinging slide, 5, thus inducing a heavy pressure
upon the swinging slide, 5, tending to force it and the vertical slide, 7, which is
attached to it toward the work, 4. Since, as above explained, the connecting link 21,
is fastened at one end to the vertical slide, 7, and has a bearing block, 22, attached to
it, and bearing against the lever, 26, the slide is prevented from moving toward the
work until the lower end of the lever is allowed to move by turning the feed screw,
which can be done by operating the feed motion. It will be observed that by the
combined strain of the advancing mechanism and the rate governing mechanism, as
described, hoth the swinging slide, 5, and the vertical slide, 7, are put under heavy
strain, which is quite as great as, if not greater than, the pressure which the tool
would induce upon them, thus causing them both to deflect in the same direction, and
to an extent as great as or greater than they would be caused to deflect by the
pressure of the work upon the tool, and taking up all of the lost motion between the
joint of the vertical slide, 7, and swinging slide, 5, also between the slide, 5, and its
supporting post, 6, to the same extent as or to a greater extent than, the lost motion
would be taken up by the pressure of the work upon the tool...
While the advancing and rate governing mechanisms and all parts of the slides, 5
and 7, are under this strain, let it be assumed that the worm, 35, is thrown out of gear
with its worm wheel, 27. This worm wheel can then be made to rotate by the
attachment of a hand crank to the shaft of the small bevel wheel, 28, and the rotation
of the worm wheel, 27, will cause the releasing screw, 32, to rotate, and allow the
lower end of the lever, 26, to move in such direction that the upper end of this lever
will approach the work, thus allowing the tool to approach the work until it begins to
cut it. Thereupon the worm can be again thrown into gear with the worm wheel, and
the feed motion from this point on be made automatic.
It will be observed that by this means there is no greater tendency on the part of
the tool, or the slides supporting it, to chatter or deflect after the tool is at work than
before it begins to operate.
When sufficient metal has been removed from the work the tool can be readily
withdrawn therefrom by transferring the pressure of the liquid or gas from the back
to the front end of the cylinder, thus causing all of the parts of the slide to move
back easily and quickly, however heavy they may be and however tightly they may be
supported by the guides.
The hand crank, 20, shown in the drawings, is fixed on the end of an ordinary feed
screw, which, engaging in a suitable nut attached to the frame, 5, causes the slide, 7,
to be fed either up or down, as the case may require.
Instead of this hand feed one
of the improved feed mechanisms may be employed. In such cases the advancing
mechanism should be arranged so as to abut against a suitable support attached to the
swinging slide, 5. The advancing mechanism should then push down the vertical
slide, 7, close to the bearing of this slide in the springing slide, 5, while the rate
governing mechanism should be attached so as to pull up upon the slide, 7, at a part 5
of the slide further away from the swinging slide, 5, than the advancing mechanism
pushes from it. Under such construction the combined strain of the advancing and

page_text: rate governing mechanisms would cause the slide, 7, to deflect upward in the same
manner that the pressure of the work against the cutting tool, arranged so as to cut
beneath the slide would cause it to deflect.
It is further to be noted that the rate governing mechanism shown in the drawings
need not necessarily be attached, as shown to the vertical slide, 7, as it may, if
proferred, be attached to the swinging slide, 5. The advancing mechanism could then
occupy the same position as shown in the drawing. The combined strain of the
advancing and rate governing mechanisms would then cause the swinging slide, 5, to
deflect in approximately the same direction and to approximately the same extent that
the pressure of the work against the cutting tool would cause this slide to deflect.
Such an arrangement of the advancing and rate governing mechanisms would not,
however, be as satisfactory, nor attain the same end as the construction shown in the
drawing, since the slide, 7, would still deffect under the pressure of the work against
the tool and the lost motion in the joint between the slides, 7, and swinging slide, 5,
could not be taken up. The rate governing mechanism could, further, be attached to
the piston rod, 18, of the advancing mechanism, but in such case many of the
advantages of the feed motion, as shown and described, would not be available.
Both the advancing and rate governing mechanisms would then constitute a feed
motion operating upon the said slide.
A practical application of the invention in feeding the cutting tool of a large lathe
provided with two feed mechanisms, each consisting of an advancing and a rate
governing mechanism, both pairs acting on the support for the samo tool, is illustrated
in Figs. 4 to 9 inclusive, and, referring to said Figs., will now be described.
In order that the strain may be brought upon the cutting tool in such manner as to
render the application of the feed motion simple and effective, the lathe is run in
the opposite direction to that in which lathes are ordinarily run, so that the pressure
of the work upon the cutting tool tends to cause the tool to deflect upward and
outward, instead of downward and outward, as is usually the case. Upon the shears
or bed, 40, of the lathe are mounted two housings, 47, adapted to receive the neck of
a roll, 46, which is the work upon which, in this case, the lathe is shown as operating.
The work is rotated, in the direction indicated by the arrow in the drawing, in the
manner in which rolls are ordinarily driven when in a lathe, but the direction in
which the roll is rotated is, however, the opposite to that in which rolls are usually
rotated when in a lathe. A saddle, 41, is mounted upon the lathe bed and is adapted
to be moved along the shears of the lathe by means of a leading screw, 50, which is
similar to leading screws generally employed for this purpose. To the top of the
saddle, 41, is bolted a heavy casting, 42, on the upper part of which is shown a raised
portion which is provided with a flange on either side for receiving and supporting a
tool support, this portion being planed true and parallel in all parts, to the centre
line or axis of the work, 46.
Upon this casting, 42, and fitting closely around and underneath the elevated flanges
thereof, is mounted a tool support, 43, which is guided as it is moved in a direction
parallel to the centre line of the work, by the raised and flanged portion of the
casting, 42, as above referred to. The upper portion of the tool support, 43, is pro-
vided with flanges similar to those used on the elevated portion of the part, 42, but
which are, however, planed so as to be at right angles to the centre line of the work.
Upon the tool support, 43, is mounted another tool support, 44, the lower portion
of which is planed so as to fit underneath the flanges planed on the upper surface of
the tool support, 43. The tool support, 44, is adapted to slide freely on these flanges
as guides, so as to either approach or recede from the centre line of the work as
required. Upon the tool support, 44, is mounted a tool holder, 45, which is adapted
to be turned upon the axis of a stud bolt, 79, by which it is secured to the tool
support, 44. tool, 48, is firmly wedged into place in one of the three tool holding
receptacles of the tool holder, 45, by means of a wedge, 49.
A brace, 90, which is a casting consisting of two heavy legs joined together at the
top, has its bottom surface planed so as to fit around the elevated and flanged portion
of the casting, 42, one of the legs of the brace, 90, being on each side of the tool
2

page_text: support, 43, so that whenever the latter is slid either backward or forward along the
upper surface of the casting, 42, the brace, 90, participates in its movement.
A cylindrical shaft, 51, shown in section in Fig. 5, and side elevation in Fig. 6, is
driven by gearing connected with the live spindle of the lathe. A longitudinal key
way is cut in the shaft, 51, in which fits a key fixed to a bevel gear, 52, so that the
gear, 52, while rotating with the shaft, 51, is free to move endwise thereon, in corro-
spondence with the backward and forward movements of the saddle, 41, of the lathe.
A bevel gear, 53, meshing with the gear, 52, is mounted on a short shaft having its
bearing in a bracket, 88, which is attached to the saddle, 41. On the other end of this
shaft is fixed a bevel gear, 54, which drives a larger bevel gear, 55, secured upon
the lower end of a vertical shaft, which is supported in a bracket, 89, attached to the
lathe saddle 41. A bevel gear, 56, is fixed upon the upper end of the shaft of the
bevel gear, 55, the bevel gear, 56, driving a bevel gear, 57, mounted on a shaft which
is supported by a bracket, 91, attached to lathe saddle, 41. A bevel gear 58, fixed
upon the end of the shaft of the bevel gear 57, drives a bevel gear 59, which is
mounted on a shaft 60, the shaft, 60, being splined longitudinally to receive a key
fixed to the gear 59, so that although the shaft 60, is rotated by the bevel gear, 59,
it is free to slide endwise, backward and forward through said bevel gear as the
One end of the
tool support, 43, is slid backward or forward on the part, 42.
shaft, 60, is guided and supported by a bracket 92, which is attached to the lathe
saddle, 41, while the other end of this shaft is supported by a bracket attached to
the tool support, 43.
On the end of the shaft 60, adjacent to the bearing in which it is supported on
the tool support. 43, is fixed a crank disc, 61, which is provided with a slot in
its face, into which a crank pin is fitted in such manner that it can be slid either
towards or from the centre of the disc, and clamped fast in any desired position, so
that when the crank disc 61, is caused to rotate by the shaft 60, the crank pin
revolves with the disc in a circle of greater or less diameter in accordance with its
adjustment. This crank pin is coupled by a connecting rod, 62, to a bell crank, 63,
journalled on the brace, 90, and as the crank pin revolves with the disc, 61, the bell
crank 63, is thereby oscillated about the axis of the shaft upon which it is mounted.
It will be seen that the bell crank, 63, oscillates through a larger or a smaller
angle according as the crank pin is further from or nearer to the centre of the crank
disc, 61. To the upper arm of the bell crank, 63, is pivotted a pawl, 64, which
overhangs a ratchet wheel, 65. As the bell crank, 63, oscillates backward and forward,
the pawl, 64, engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel, 65, and causes it to rotate inter-
mittently through a certain arc, the range of motion of the ratchet wheel depending
upon the degree of the angle of oscillation of the bell crank, it being possible to
adjust the crank pin in the crank disc, 61, so that each revolution of the crank shall
cause the ratchet wheel, 65, to rotate through the space occupied by one or more of
the teeth on its circumference as the case may require. The ratchet wheel, 65, is
keyed fast on the shaft, 93, upon which a worm, 94, is also secured. This worm
engages a worm wheel, 75, upon the inside of which is cut an internal thread which
engages a screw, 76, so that when the worm wheel, 75, is rotated, the screw, 76, is
allowed to move in one or the other direction as the case may require. The worm
wheel, 75, abuts against and is supported by the brace, 90, through an opening in
which the screw,
76, passes freely. The other end of the screw, 70, is coupled to a
ring, 78, by means of a pin, 77, which passes through a hole bored through two
forks in the end of the screw, 76, and through a projection on the ring, 78. The
ring, 78, is bored to fit freely around the stud bolt, 79, thus allowing the tool
holder 45, to be pivotted around the same on the top of the tool support 44.
A projecting pin, 66, is fixed on the end of one of the arms of the bell crank, 63
around which pin is fitted the end of a rocker arm, 67, the hole through which
the pin, 66, passes being slotted so as to allow the rocker arm 67, to oscillate abou
the shaft, 70, such movement of the rocker arm being effected by the oscillation of
the arm of the bell crank, 63. On the other end of the rocker arm, 67, is journalled
a pawb 68, which is so attached to the rocker arm, 67, that it can be either thrown in

page_text: and made to engage the ratchet wheel, 69, or held out of gear from the ratchet
wheel, 69, by means of a spring, 97, which is shown in Fig. 7. The ratchet wheel, 69,
fits on, and is connected by a key with the shaft 70; this shaft being splined for
about one third of its length so as to permit of end motion of the shaft backward or
forward through the ratchet wheel, 69. When, however, the ratchet wheel, 69, is
rotated, the shaft 70 is caused by the key to rotate with it. This shaft passes through
and is supported by a bearing on the outer extremity of the tool support, 43. The
portion of the shaft, 70, farthest removed from the bearing, 43, has a screw thread
cut upon it, said thread engaging a female thread cut in a hole traversing the tool
support, 44. The shaft, 70, is provided, at about the middle of its length, with a
large collar which may be either rigidly fastened to or made part of the shaft, as
preferred. A powerful spring 71, is placed under compression between the bearing
on the end of the tool support, 43, and the large collar on the shaft, 70, thus exerting,
throughout the period of action of the feed motion, a powerful pressure upon tho
shaft, 70, which is transmitted from that shaft to tool support, 14.
The operation of the feed mechanism above described is as follows:-The shaft, 51,
which is driven either by a prime mover, a countershaft, or preferably by the gearing
which drives the lathe spindle, transmits its motion by means of the bevel gears 52,
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 and 59, which are mounted upon suitable shafts, and supported
in suitable bearings, as before described, to the shaft 60. The crank disc, 61, fixed
on the end of the shaft, 60, can be kept in motion, throughout the time that the
lathe is in operation, or be stopped at the will of the operator, by stopping or starting
the shaft, 51, and by means of the connecting rod 62, and crank, 61, the bell crank 63,
can be kept oscillating throughout the time of action of the lathe, the degree of the
angle of oscillation boing dependent upon the adjustment of the crank pin in the
slot of the crank disc 6.1. The rocker arm, 67, being continuously in motion the pawl, 68,
is made to engage the teeth on the circumference of the ratchet wheel 69, and at
every oscillation of the rocker arun 67, the ratchet wheel 69, rotates through a certain
portion of a revolution, thereby causing coincident rotation of the shaft 70. The
screw on the other end of the shaft, 70, gradually disengages itself from the female
screw in the tool support 44, thereby causing the collar on the shaft 70 to approach
the bearing on the outer end of the tool support 43 and compressing the spring 71
between this collar and the bearing. If the tool support 44 were not restrained from
moving toward the work 46 by means of the screw 76 which draws upon the stud 79,
attached to the tool holder 45, the constant pressure of the spring 71, upon the
tool support 44, would cause it to move rapidly forward in the direction of the work.
The spring 71 can be tightened so as to produce any desired degree of pressure upon
tool support 44, and when tightened to the desired extent, the pawl 68 is thrown out
of gear with the ratchet wheel 69, thus rendering the tool support 44, subject to a
constant and uniform pressure from the spring 71, which pressure tends to advance
the tool support toward the work. The rate of advance of the tool support is, however
in no wise affected by the shaft 70, the spring 71, or the mechanism used for
tightening the same.
The rate at which the tool support 44 is fed or advanced is governed by the
following mechanism: Throughout the period that the spring 71 is under tension the
pressure of the spring upon the tool support 44, is opposed, partly by the resistance
of the work to the advance of the tool, and partly by the screw 76, which is attached to
the top of the tool holder 45. Up to the time that tool begins to cut the work, the
whole pressure of the spring 71 is resisted by the screw 76, and when the tool begins
to cut, the greater the resistance offered to the tool by the work, the less will be the
strain sustained by the screw 76. The screw 76, and the tool holder 45, which is
attached thereto, are allowed to advance toward the work by unscrewing the internal
thread of the worm wheel 75 which engages the screw 76; and the rate at which the
tool holder 45, and screw 76, advance will depend upon the rate at which the worm
wheel 75 is rotated. The worm wheel 75 may be made to rotate by turning the
shaft 93, upon which the worm 94 is mounted, so as to engage the worm wheel 75.
The shaft 93 may be rotated either by turning the hand wheel 96 attached thereto, or

page_text: by the ratchet wheel 65, which is moved, as hereinbefore explained by the rocker
arın 63, and pawl 64. The rate of advance of the tool support 44 and the tool
holder 45, mounted thereon, is then dependent upon the rate at which either the hand
wheel 96, or the ratchet wheel 65, is, respectively, rotated.
The bell crank 63, pawl 64 ratchet wheel 65, shaft 93, worm 94, worm wheel 75,
and screw 76, form a train of mechanism for regulating the rate at which the tool
support 44, and the part mounted thereon, advance toward the work. This mechanism
illustrates one form of rate governing mechanism which in operation exemplifies the
characteristic features of such mechanism as hereinbefore specified to in writing the
Specification.
The rocker arm 67, pawl 68, ratchet wheel 69, shaft 70, and spring 71 together,
constitute a train of mechanisin for effecting the advance of the tool support 44,
towards the work, and this train serves as one example of the mechanism which has
been herein before referred to as an advancing mechanism.
The above described trains of advancing and rate governing mechanism are used
for feeding the tool support 44, and the tool holder 45 mounted thereon; and since
both of these trains of mechanism subject the tool support and tool holder to powerful
strain throughout the period of their action, they take up the lost motion in the joints
between the tool support 44 and the tool support 43, as well as between the tool
holder 45, and the tool support 44, and at the same time cause both the tool holder 45,
support 44, to deflect even before the tool comes in contact with the
work as much as or more than they would deflect under the pressure of the work
against the tool, thus preventing the chatter and vibration incident to tool supports
and tool holders as heretofore constructed.
AL.
The tool support 43 is fed backward and forward upon the guides around which it
fits on the casting 42, by means of two trains of mechanism, one for causing the
advance of the tool support, and the other for regulating the rate at which this
advance takes place, the parts of said mechanisms being substantially identical in
form and in function with those of the two trains of mechanism, which are used for
feeding tool support 44. The operation of the feed mechanisms of the tool support 43
is as follows: On the other end of the shaft to which the bevel gear 57 is attachod
furthest from said gear, is fixed a crank disc 99, similar to the crank disc 61, before
described. The connecting rod 100 connects the adjustable disc 99 with the end of
the bell crank 101. This bell crank is oscillated by means of the connecting rod 100,
around the shaft 111, and carries on one end a pawl 102, which engages the teeth on
the circumference of a ratchet wheel 103 which is mounted upon a shaft 111. A hand
wheel 104, is also secured upon the end of this shaft, on the other end of which is
fixed a worm which engages and drives a worm wheel 87, in a manner similar to
that in which the worm 94 drives worm wheel 75. The inside of the worm wheel 87,
has cut upon it a screw thread to engage the thread of the screw 86. The bell
crank 101 is provided with a third arın 112, the end of which arm is coupled by a
connecting rod 108, to a rocker arm 105. The rocker arm 105 is mounted, in a manner
similar to the rocker arm 67, upon the hub of a ratchet wheel 107, and is caused to
oscillate freely about this hub by means of the connecting rod which couples it with
the bell crank 101. On the other end of the rocker arm 105, is journalled a pawl 106,
which can be thrown into gear with the ratchet wheel 107, thus causing the latter to
rotate through a greater or less angle according to the angle of oscillation of the
rocker arm.
The ratchet wheel 107, is bored out to fit around the shaft 109, and is provided
with a key which engages a key way cut in the shaft 109, so as to effect the coincident
rotation of the shaft and the ratchet wheel, and at the same time to admit of free
backward and forward movement of the shaft through the ratchet wheel. The other
end of the shaft 109 has a screw cut upon it which engages a female thread cut in a
hole bored in the tool support 43. A spring 110 bears at its ends against a collar
fixed on the shaft 109 near the middle thereof, and against a bearing 113, which is
attached to, or forms part of the casting 42. The spring 110 is tightened by means
of the rocker arm 105, pawl 106, ratchet wheel 107, and shaft 109, to any desired

page_text: degree of tension, and transmits its pressure through the shaft, 109, to the tool
support 43, in a manner similar to that in which the spring 71 is tightened, and
transmits its pressure to the tool support 44, by means of the rocker arm 67, pawl 68,
ratchet wheel 69, and shaft 70. A clevis casting 81, fits around the stud bolt 79,
which is attached to the tool holder 45, the link 78, fitting between the upper and
lower forks of the clevis S1, so that the tool holder 45, can be pivoted about on the
tool support 44, without altering the position of the clevis casting 81. The end of
the clevis casting furthest from the tool holder 45 is planed to fit around guides upon
the casting $2.
As the tool support 44 is moved backward and forward upon the tool support 43,
the two arms 116 and 117 which project from the tool support 44 cause the
clevis casting 81, to move backward and forward with the tool support 44, the planed
portion of the clevis 81 sliding backward and forward and being guided by the planed
portion of the casting 82. A boss 84, which is either fixed to or formed as a part of
the casting 82, is coupled by means of a pin 85 to the clevis on the end of the
scrow 86, so that when the tool support 43 is subjected to pressure from the
spring 110, either the whole or a part of this pressure is transmitted, through
the tool support 44, tool holder 45, clevis casting 81, and guide casting 82 to the
screw 86. The guide casting $2 is connected by a pivot 83 to the brace 90, in order
to allow for lost motion in the fitting of the clevis 81, to the guide 82, and also to
allow for a slight wear between the surfaces of these parts. It is, however, not abso-
lutely necessary that guide 82 should be pivoted to the brace 90, as it might, if
preferred, be cast rigidly upon it, since the brace 90 accompanies the tool support 43
as it slides backward and forward while being fed. The rate at which the tool support 43
is fed backward and forward is regulated by the motion of the bell crank 101,
pawl 102, ratchet wheel 103, shaft 111, worm wheel 87, and the worm mounted on
shaft 111, which drives this wheel and screw 86 in a manner similar to that in
which the rate of advance of the tool support 44 is regulated by the bell crank 63,
pawl 64, shaft 93, worm 94, worm wheel 75, and screw 76.
It is desirable that each of the springs 71 and 110 should exert a uniform pressure
respectively, through their pressure transmitters 70 and 109, upon the tool supports
which the springs are intended to feed, throughout the time of their action. Having
tightened either of these springs, as for example the spring 71, to the desired
degree of tension, it can be kept under a uniform tension by having the rocker
arm 67, ratchet wheel 69, and the pitch of the thread on the screw 70, so propor-
tioned with relation to the arm of the bell crank 63, to which the pawl 64 is attached,
and the ratchet wheel 65, worm 94, worm wheel 75, and the pitch of the thread on the
screw 76, that a single oscillation of the bell crank 63 will cause the shaft 70 to be
screwed out of the tool support 44 to exactly the same distance that the screw 76 is
allowed to advance through the same stroke of the bell crank 63. Mechanism is
however shown for automatically maintaining each of these springs under any
desired tension, the same being illustrated, on a small scale, in Figures 4, 5 and 6, and
on a larger scale in Figures 7 and 8. A rod 73 is connected to shaft 70, between the
small collar 72, on this shaft and the large collar which takes the thrust of the
spring 71, the connection of the rod with the shaft being such as to permit to partake
of the longitudinal movements of the latter without rotating therewith. The rod 73 is
bent in several directions and is guided in its motion by passing through a slotted guide 74,
which supports it, close to the pawl 68. The two points 114 and 115 are attached to
bent rod 73, and are so placed that one of them, 115, can be made to strike against
the upper prong on the pawl 68, while the other, 114, can be made to strike against
the lower projection on the pawl, 68.
The method of operating this mechanism for maintaining the spring at the proper
tension is as follows:-Assuming that the pawl 68 is adjusted in the position in
which it is seen in Figures 7 and 8, namely so that it is entirely distinguished from
the ratchet wheel 69, it is held in this position by means of the spring 97, which
presses against a small flat surface formed upon the pin 98, which is attached to and
projects from the body of the pawl 68. When the pawl is in this position, the rocker

page_text: arm 67 may oscillate any number of times without affecting the ratchet wheel 69;
now suppose the pawl 64 to be engaged with the ratchet wheel 65, the oscillation of
the bell crank 63 will allow the screw 76 to advance toward the work. The screw 70
being pushed by the spring 71, will of course advance to the extent that is allowed
by the screw 76. The bent rod 73 is, however, carried forward with the shaft 70,
until the projection 114, is brought across the path in which the pawl 68 is oscil-
lated. When the projection 114, has come far enough across this path, the projecting
prong on the pawl, as it oscillates downward, comes in contact with the projection 114,
which causes the pawl to pivot about its bearing on the rocker arm 67, until it
engages the ratchet wheel 69. When it has reached this position it is maintained in
contact with the ratchet wheel by the spring 97, which then presses upon the other
small flat surface formed upon the projecting pin 98. Every oscillation of the rocker
arm 67, then causes the shaft 70 to be unscrewed from the tool support 41, thus
gradually tightening up the spring 71, by causing the shaft 70 to move out away
from the tool support 44. As this shaft moves out, it causes the upper projection 115,
on the rod 73, to approach the path along which the pawl 68 is oscillating. When the
projection 115 crosses this path of oscillation it disengages the pawl from the ratchet
wheel, again bringing it back to the position in which it is seen in Figures 7 and 8.
By properly adjusting the position of the projections 114 and 115, with relation to
one another and to the pawl 68, they may be made, by throwing the pawl in and out
of gear with the ratchet wheel, as explained, to maintain the spring 71 approximately
any desired degree of tension.
at
Figure 9 illustrates a modification of the feed mechanism above described as
applied and similarly operating to feed the tool support 43, in the lathes shown in
Figures 4, 5 and 6. Only such of the parts illustrated in Figure as will suffice to 2
clearly explain the operation of this modification are, however, shown in Figure 9.
A rod 116 is secured to or forms part of the tool support 43, which is not shown in
Figure 9, but which corresponds in form and location with the tool support 43
shown in the adjoining Figure 6; the rod 116 being attached to the tool support in
the same position as the shaft 109, illustrated in Figure 6. A piston rod 126 is also a
attached by a pin 85, and boss 84, to the casting 52, these parts being the same as
those illustrated in Figure 6. A cylinder 117 bored to receive a hydraulic piston 120
is formed integral with or secured to the end of the rod 116, the rod 121 of the
piston 120, passing through the cylinder cover 118, which is bolted to the end of the
cylinder 117 and being packed by the gland 119. The end of the rod 121 furthest a
from the cylinder is rigidly bolted to a bearing 125, by a nut 124, the bearing 125
being either a part of or rigidly attached to the casting 42. Water is conveyed to
or from one side of the piston 120 within the cylinder 117 by a pipe 122, communi-
cating with a small longitudinal passage extending through the piston rod and piston,
and is conveyed to or from the other side of the piston 120, through a pipe 123, 4
communicating with a passage extending through the piston rod and opening into
the cylinder adjacent to the piston. A hydraulic cylinder 129 is fixed upon the top
of a standard or bracket 138, which is rigidly attached to or forms part of the
casting 42. The piston rod 126, which is provided with a clevis at the end through
which the pin 85 fits, enters the hydraulic cylinder 129, through the gland 127, by
which it is packed, and within the cylinder this rod is secured to the piston 128.
Water is admitted to and allowed to pass out from one end of this cylinder through
pipe 132, governed by a valve 134, and is admitted to and passes out from the other
end of the cylinder through a pipe 135, governed by a valve 131; these valves being
so constructed that when water is admitted to the cylinder they can either be closed
so as to entirely prevent its escape, or opened to any desired extent to allow the water
to escape either very slowly, or faster at the will of the operator.
The method of operating the feed mechanism above described is as follows:-
Water under heavy pressure is admitted to the cylinder 117, which is transmitted
through the rod 116 to the tool support 43, this pressure tending constantly to move
the tool support 43 in the direction in which it is transmitted thereto. If the tool
support 43 were free to move, it would of course be advanced by this pressure until

page_text: the piston 120 came in contact with one or the other end of the cylinder. The rate,
however, at which the tool support 43 is allowed to advance is regulated by the
piston rod 126, the end of which is connected by means of the casting $2, clevis
casting 81, stud bolt 79, tool support 45, and tool support 44, to the tool support 43.
The advance of the piston rod 126 is either entirely prevented, or regulated to any
desired rate of spood, as the case may require, by the water which is enclosed
within the cylinder between the piston 128, and one or the other end of the
cylinder, this water being allowed to escape at any desired rate, or being
entirely prevented from escaping by the valves 134 and 135. This means of regu-
lating the rate at which the tool support advances is not however considered to be as
desirable as the more positive mechanism shown in Figure 6, for the reason that the
exact regulation of the rate of foed may be much more readily effected with the
The advancing
screw, worm or worm wheel, etc., illustrated in said Figure.
mechanism however consisting of the hydraulic cylinder 117, piston 120, etc., shown
in Figure 9, is considered to be preferable to either of the advancing mechanisms
shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6, being much simpler and more readily and rapidly
adjusted. The trains of advancing and rate governing mechanism which have been
herein before described, for causing the tool support 43, and the parts mounted thereon,
to feed backward and forward upon the support 42, and for governing the rate at
which these parts are fed, maintain, throughout the period of their action, not only
the tool support 43, but also the tool support 44, and the tool holder 45, and all of
the joints in the advancing and rate governing mechanisms under substantial strains;
thus causing them to deflect to as great or greater extent, and in the same direction
as the pressure of the work on the tool would cause them to deflect, and at the same
time taking up the lost motion between the joints of all of these parts thus preventing
the chatter and vibration which would otherwise take place under the action of feeding
mechanisms as heretofore used.
A special feature of advantage in the operation of these two feed mechanisms is
that while one of them is being used for advancing one of the tool supports, the other
can be made to maintain the tool support which it is intended to feed, as well as the
other tool support and parts attached ther, continually under strain without the
necessity of causing the tool support to adance, thus preventing chatter and vibra-
tion in the direction in which both feed mechanisms are adapted to take up the lost
motion. Thus, for example, if spring 71 and screw 76 are being employed and the
tool support 44 and tool holder 45 caused to approach the central axis of the lathe,
and it should not be desired that the tool support 43 should move parallel to the
axis of the lathe, a strain can be exerted through the combined pressure of the
spring 110, and screw 86, not only upon the tool support 43, but also upon the tool
support 44, and the tool holder 45, causing them to deflect and taking up the lost
motion between their joints in a direction at right angles to that in which the spring 71,
and screw 76, take up their lost motion and cause them to deflect.
It is frequently necessary, owing to the shape of the tool, being used and the
work which is being operated upon, to thus take up the lost motion and cause the
tool supports, and parts attached to them, to deflect in two directions at the same
time, although the tool itself is actually moving only in one direction. This is a
very important feature of the invention. If the angular pitch of the threads on the
screws, 76 and 86 are sufficiently steep it will require but little effort to allow the
tool supports which they are intended to feed, to advance, so that the hand wheels 96
and 104 can be used for this purpose even if the tool supports are subject to a very
severe strain from the springs 71 and 110. As is well known it is not new to use
screws with a steep pitch for other purposes in mechanics, but the use of them for
the purpose of governing the rate of inotion of a tool support in combination with an
advancing mechanism my correspondent believes to be new.
Another important feature of this invention is the fact that the heavier the pressure
of the work upon the tool, the easier it becomes to operate the rate governing mecha-
nism, since a large portion of the strain which is at other times transmitted to these
mechanisms through the tool supports is then received by the tool.

page_text: To facilitate the description of the present improvement it has been found advisable
to embody in the drawings, mechanisin and accessories, which do not form a necessary
part thereof, and which are not therefore claimed as of the present invention. The
same, so far as embodying patentable subject-matter invented by my correspondent
may be the subject of a separate application or applications to be filed in due
season.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The improvement in the art of feeding a tool support in a single direction,
which consists in advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted thereon, and
simultaneously, during and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of
advance, in opposing a resisting pressure thereto, and in so locating the centres of
pressure of said advancing and resisting pressures upon the tool support, as to cause
the lost motion in the joints of the tool support to be taken up, and the tool support
to deflect, in the same direction as the pressure of the work upon the tool causes
the lost motion to be taken up and the tool support to deflect, substantially as set
forth..
2. The improvement in the art of feeding a tool support in a single direction,
which consists in advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted thereon, and
simultaneously, during and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of
advance, in opposing a resisting pressure thereto, the advancing pressure tending
in the same direction in which it is desired that the tool support shall advance, while
the resisting pressure tends in the opposite direction to that in which it is desired
that it shall advance, and in so locating the centros of pressure of said advancing and
resisting pressures upon the tool support, as to cause the lost motion in the joints of
the tool support to be taken up and the tool support to deflect in the same direction
as the pressure of the work upon the tool causes the lost motion to be taken up and
the tool support to deflect, substantially as set forth.
3. The improvement in the art of feeding, in a single direction, a tool support
having one or more too! supporting members mounted thereon, which consists in
advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted thereon, and simultaneously, during
and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of advance, in opposing a
resisting pressure thereto, and in locating the centre of pressure of the advancing
pressure upon some portion of the tool support, while the centre of pressure of the
resisting pressure is located upon one of the tool supporting members mounted
thereon, substantially as set forth.
4. The improvement in the art of feeding, in a single direction, a tool support
having one or more tool supporting members mounted thereon, which consists in
advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted thercon, and simultaneously, during
and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of advance, in opposing a
resisting pressure thereto, the advancing pressure tending in the same direction in
which it is desired that the tool support shall advance, while the resisting pressure
tends in the opposite direction to that in which it is desired that it shall advance, and
in locating the centre of pressure of the advancing pressure upon some portion of
the tool support, while the centre of pressure of the resisting pressure is located
upon one of the tool supporting members mounted thereon, substantially as set
forth.
5. The improvement in the art of feeding a tool support in a single direction,
which consists in advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted thereon, and
simultaneously, during and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of
advance, in opposing a resisting pressure thereto, the advancing pressure being sub-
stantially uniform while the resisting pressure varies inversely as the pressure of the
work upon the tool, that is, becomes less as this pressure becomes greater and greater
as this pressure becomes less; and in so locating the centres of pressure of said
advancing and resisting pressures upon the tool support, as to cause the lost motion

page_text: in the joints of the tool support to be taken up, and the tool support to deflect in
the same direction as the pressure of the work upon the tool causes the lost motion
to be taken up and the tool support to deflect, substantially as set forth.
6. The improvement in the art of feeding a tool support, in a single direction,
which consists in advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted thereon, and
simultaneously, during and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of advance,
in opposing a resisting pressure thereto; the advancing pressure being substantially
uniform and tending in the same direction in which it is desired that the tool support
shall advance, while the resisting pressure varies inversely as the pressure of the
work upon the tool, that is, becomes less as this pressure becomes greater and greater
as this pressure becomes less, and tends in the opposite direction to that in which it
is desired that it shall advance, and in so locating the centres of pressure of said
advancing and resisting pressures upon the tool support, as to cause the lost motion
in the joints of the tool support to be taken up, and the tool support to deflect in the
same direction as the pressure of the work upon the tool causes the lost motion to be
taken up and the tool support to deflect, substantially as set forth.
7. The improvement in the art of feeding in a single direction a tool support having
one or more tool supporting members mounted thereon which consists in advancing
the tool support by a pressure exerted upon it, and simultaneously, during and as a
part of the operation of regulating its rate of advance, in opposing a resisting
pressure thereto, the advancing pressure being practically uniform, while the resisting
pressure varies inversely as the pressure of the work upon the tool, that is, becomes less as
this pressure becomes greater and greater as this pressure becomes less, and in locating
the centre of pressure of the advancing pressure upon some portion of the tool
support, while the centre of pressure of the resisting pressure is located on one of the
tool supporting members mounted thereon, substantially as set forth.
S. The improvement in the art of feeding, in a single direction, a tool support
having one or more tool supporting members mounted thereon, which consists in
advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted upon it, and simultaneously, during
and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of advance, in opposing thereto
a resisting pressure, the advancing pressure being practically uniform and tending
in the same direction in which it is desired that the tool support shall advance,
while the resisting pressure varies inversely as the pressure of the work upon the
tool, that is, becomes less as this pressure becomes greater and greater as this pressure
becomes less, and tends in the opposite direction to that in which it is desired that
the tool support shall advance, and in locating the centre of pressure of the advancing
pressure upon some portion of the tool support, while the centre of pressure of the
resisting pressure is located upon one of the tool supporting members mounted
thereon, substantially as set forth.
9. The improvement in the art of feeding, in a single direction, a tool support
having one or more tool- supporting members mounted thereon, which consists in
advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted thereon, and simultaneously, during
and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of advance, in opposing a resisting
pressure thereto, and in locating the centre of pressure of the advancing pressure upon
some portion of the tool support while the centre of pressure of the resisting pressure
is located upon one of the tool supporting members mounted thereon, and in
exerting a pressure upon one of the tool supporting members, mounted upon the tool
support which is being fed, which tends in the direction in which this tool supporting
member is adapted to feed relatively to the tool support upon which it is mounted;
and at the same time in exerting pressure either upon this tool supporting member,
or upon a tool support mounted thereon, which prevents the tool supporting member
from feeding, so as to cause the lost motion in the tool support to be taken up and
the tool support to deflect in the same direction as the pressure of the work on the
tool would cause this lost motion to be taken up and the tool support to deflect,
substantially as set forth.
10. The improvement in the art of feeding, in a single direction, a tool support,
having one or more tool supporting members mounted thereon, which consists in
D

page_text: advancing the tool support by a pressure exerted thereon, and simultaneously, during
and as a part of the operation of regulating its rate of advance, in opposing a resisting
pressure thereto, and in locating the centre of pressure of the advancing pressure upon
some portion of the tool support, while the centre of pressure of the resisting pressure
is located upon one of the tool supporting members mounted thereon, and in exerting
a pressure upon one of the tool supporting members, upon which the tool support
which is being fed is mounted, which tends in the direction in which this tool
supporting member is. adapted to feed relatively to the parts upon which it is mounted,
and at the same time in exerting a pressure, either upon the tool support which is
being fed, or upon a tool support mounted thereon, which prevents the tool supporting
member from feeding, so as to cause the lost motion in the tool supports to be taken
up and the tool supports to deflect in the same direction as the pressure of the work
on the tool would cause this lost motion to be taken up and the tool supports to deflect
substantially as set forth.
11. In a feed apparatus for the cutting tool of a machine, the combination, with a
slide supporting a cutting tool of a series or train of members substantially as herein
described and termed "an advancing mechanism" and a series or train of members
substantially as herein described and termed a rate governing mechanisın" each of
the said series of members operating upon the slide supporting the cutting tool,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
12. In feed apparatus for the cutting tool of a machine, the combination of a series
of tool supporting members fitted to slide relatively to one another and to the bed of
the machine, one of the said members being adapted to receive a cutting tool, a series
or train. of members substantially as herein described and termed an "advancing
mechanism" and operating upon one of the series of tool supporting members, and a
series or train of members substantially as herein described and termed
a. rate
governing mechanism" and operating upon another of the series of tool supporting
members, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
13. The combination of a series of tool supporting members fitted to slide relatively
one to another and to the bed of a machine, one of said members being adapted to
receive a cutting tool, a feed apparatus consisting of a series or train of members
substantially as herein described and termed "an advancing mechanism," and a series
or train of members substantially as herein described and termed " a rate governing
mechanism" said feed apparatus operating upon one of the series of tool supporting
members, and a corresponding feed apparatus operating upon another of the series of
tool supporting members substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
14. In the releasing mechanism of tools of the class described the combination of a
releasing screw and feed gearing, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 4th day of August 1888