IMPROVE. MENTS IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR CONVEYANCE, TRANSPORT, AND LOCOMOTION
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Macdona, of Downshire Hill, Hampstead,
in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, and Osborne Hilliard, of
Pembroke Road, Dublin, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR CONVEYANCE, TRANSPORT, AND
LOCOMOTION." A communication from abroad by Casimir Comte de
Mankowski, of Warsaw, Grand Duchy of Posen.
Sealed the 5th September 1868, and dated the 21st March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Macdona and
Osborne Hilliard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st March 1868.
We, GEORGE MACDONA, of Downshire Hill, Hampstead, in the County
of Middlesex, Merchant, and OSBORNE HILLIARD, of Pembroke Road,
Dublin, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR CONVEYANCE, TRANSPORT, AND
LOCOMOTION," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in arranging the carriage or conveyance, upon
which we propose to transport or convey any body, in such a way that

page_text: the wheel or wheels which carry it shall each work or travel freely
within a circular wheel of much larger diameter having within its
inner periphery a rail upon which the wheel of the carriage works; thus
supposing the conveyance in question an ordinary cart on two wheels,
these wheels are each placed freely within a much larger wheel having
a rail stretching round its inner surface; upon this rail the cart wheels
travel or work, so that while they turn upon their own axles they move
along the rail of the great wheel, and consequently cause it also to rotate
and thus move forward. The large wheels are of course only held freely
to the cart wheels by means of elastic springs.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Macdona and Osborne Hilliard in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 21st September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
MACDONA, of Downshire Hill, Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant, and OSBORNE HILLIARD, of Pembroke Road, Dublin, Esquire,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said George Macdona and Osborne Hilliard, Her
special licence that we, the said George Macdona and Osborne Hilliard,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
George Macdona and Osborne Hilliard, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR
CONVEYANCE, TRANSPORT, AND LOCOMOTION," a communication to us from
abroad by Casimir Comte de Mankowski, of Warsaw, Grand Duchy
of Posen, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said George
Macdona and Osborne Hilliard, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands

page_text: and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Macdona and Osborne
Hilliard, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:
Our Invention consists in a certain form, arrangement, and combination
of the wheels or conveyances to be used for transporting or conveying
substances or weights from place to place.
Our Invention may be applied to carriages of all kinds, but generally
they may be most suitable for such as are used for carrying heavy
weights. The body of the conveyance or carriage is constructed of a
strength and form suitable to the peculiar use to which it is to be
applied, having an axle and wheels of the ordinary form, the latter,
however, are so made as to be capable of turning or rolling on their
peripheries upon and within wheels of much larger diameter which are
attached to the axle of the carriage, but which move freely upon axles
of their own. The motion of the small carriage wheels produced by the
motive power acting within and upon the inner peripheries of the large
wheels causes the rotation of the larger wheels and thus carry forward
the carriage. If the carriage used has only one axle with a pair of
small driving wheels, then there will be similarly one pair of large
carrying wheels, and so on in like proportion. It must be distinctly
understood, however, that the outer periphery of the tire of small
driving wheels are formed with a groove or projection so as to run upon
a corresponding projection or groove upon the inner periphery of the
tire of the large carrying wheels.
In order more clearly to describe the nature of our Invention, and how
the same is constructed and acts, we have to this Specification appended
the accompanying Drawings, which illustrate the principle of our Inven-
tion as applied to one pair of wheels of a carriage; when more than a pair
of wheels are used in carriage or waggon, the same application of axle
and wheels as that shewn are added.
We have also shewn generally the way in which the large and small
wheels are connected and work; it is evident, however, that while the

page_text: principle of construction is retained, the details of forming, fixing, and
connecting the wheels and axles may be modified and varied, and other
well-known equivalents may be substituted for those here-within shewn.
Fig. 1 is a side view of a pair of wheels shewing also a portion of
the side frame of a waggon; Fig. 2 shews the end elevation of one pair
and the section of another pair of large and small wheels in an ordinary
waggon having a pair of wheels.
a, a, the large wheels with boss or nave a', a', the inner periphery of
the rim formed with projecting rail x upon which the groove y of the
smaller wheel b, b, turns; the small wheels b, b, are mounted upon an
ordinary axle c, and are then placed within the large wheels a, a, so
that the groove y rotates upon the rail x, upon this axle c is mounted.
the bearing frame of the waggon d, d, attached to the bearing frame d
by bolts; i, i, is an iron socket g, g', which may either be made of one
piece or of 2 plates, and so that its inner faces are parallel, within
this socket or guide the cranked end of the axle of the large wheels f¹.
is inserted in such a way as to have free motion both vertically and
laterally in a plane parallel to the vertical plane of the wheels; this is
effected vertically by allowing the portion f¹ to move freely up and
down in the guide g, g', and laterally by widening the upper portion of
the groove or socket.
The action of the various parts is as follows:-Motive power
having been applied to the shafts or other portion of the carriage,
the smaller wheels begin to turn their axles and rotate upon the
rail in the large wheels a, which in their turn are through the
motion of the small wheels also made to turn and the whole carriage
thus moves forward. As the small wheels must move slightly forward
before the large ones commence to move, it is necessary that the axle
of the large wheel should have free lateral motion in the direction of the
motion, and for that purpose the cranked portion f¹ is by means of the
form of the plates or socket g allowed a free lateral play in the vertical
plane of the wheel. In like manner in case that a stone or any loose
body should by accident get under the wheel b, then the axle f and f¹
are free to move vertically in the said socket so as to relieve the
pressure.
Having now explained the nature of our Invention, and how the same
is is constructed and works, we wish it understood that what we claim and
wish secured by the before in part recited Letters Patent is, the appli-

page_text: cation and use of a system of wheels arranged, constructed, and acting
as set forth here-within to be applied to carriages, waggons, and
conveyances to be used for transporting persons or materials from
place to place, substantially as here-within described and set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Macdona and Osborne
Hilliard, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
first day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
GEORGE MACDONA.
(L.S.)
OSBORNE HILLIARD. (L.S.)