IMPROVEMENTS IN FRICTIONAL SCREW GEARING AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, ROLLING, SMOOTHING WIRES, RODS, BARS AND TUBES. STRAIGHTENING, SHAPING AND ☑
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Robertson, Engineer, Glasgow, in the County of
Renfrew, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN FRICTIONAL SCREW GEARING
AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, ROLLING,
SMOOTHING WIRES, RODS, BARS AND TUBES.
STRAIGHTENING, SHAPING AND
☑
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1878.
JAMES ROBERTSON, Engineer, Glasgow, in the County of Renfrew, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FRICTIONAL SCREW GEARING AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, ROLLING,
STRAIGHTENING, SHAPING AND SMOOTHING WIRES, RODS, BARS, AND TUBES.'
23
My invention relates to new and improved dispositions of and means for
actuating rollers or rolls or bevel discs, and in housings for same; and in apparatus
for drawing, rolling, straightening, smoothing, and finishing wire, rods, bars, and
hollow metal rods or tubes; and in apparatus for reducing the frictional resistance
of mandrels in forming rolling or drawing tubes through rolls or dies.
The first part at my Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for
actuating skew rolls or bevel discs for drawing rolling straightening and
smoothing wire, rods, bars and metal tubes. The skew disposition of the rolls
or discs produces a combined rolling and screw self-feeding forward motion on the
objects operated upon. The compound rolling and screwing forward motion for these
purposes has hitherto been transmitted to the rolls or discs by gearing. In my
Invention motion is solely transmitted to the rolls or discs by frictional contact
between their surfaces and the surface of articles operated upon. The rolls or discs
are caused to revolve around the rod or other article in a revolving housing, and
the rod or other article is thereby propelled forward with a longitudinal motion
only. The rolls or discs have a sun and planet motion around the articles they roll,
draw down or finish., Driving gear except for giving motion to the revolving.

page_text: housing, which can be simply done by a pulley and strap or other gear, is dispensed
with.
In my improved revolving housing and set of rolls adapted for drawing and
rolling rods and small wire, a pair of small rolls by preference made of steel, and
hardened, are mounted in-a-housing-by-preference of a round or cylindrical form,
composed of two plates one of which is bored to receive a hollow spindle. The
said spindle has necks turned on it and is set in a bush bearing bracket somewhat
similar to the running headstock of a common lathe; and the housing overhangs the
neck in a similar manner to the face plate on the spindle of a lathe. The spindle
_is_made hollow to allow the rod or wire being rolled to pass through, as it is
operated upon and drawn through by the rolls.. The rolls for this purpose are
about two to three inches in diameter, and are about one inch broad. The axes of
-the-said-rolls-are-set-in-eccentric-bushes-generally-at-about-an-angle-of-20-degrees
to the line of the centre of the hollow spindle on which the housing is keyed; or the
angle, by boring the holes slightly oblique in the eccentric bushes, may be varied as
the eccentric bushes are turned around; A greater angle or pitch of thread is
required when small wire is being operated upon and a smaller angle or pitch of
thread when larger sizes of wire or rods are operated on. The peripheries of the
rolls are set equidistant from the centre of the housing, and at a distance suitable
to the gauge or diameter of the wire or rod required. The bushes are then fixed to
the size required, by a jam nut or otherwise. The angle of the rolls may be made
to alter and be adjustable in various ways, but the eccentric bush, particularly as
regards drawing wire and light work has advantages over all other arrangements.
To lubricate the bearings and to keep the rolls cool it is intended to have the
recess in the housing in which the rolls are placed water-tight, so that when the
housing is in quick motion the rolls may be partly kept immersed in water, oil, or
other liquid so as to give the article being operated on a wet finish. A pair of
small nipping rolls may be used at the entering end of the housing to guide the
wire forward and prevent it from turning round. A similar set of nipping rolls
may be used at the delivering. end; but for wire and light purposes this last will
be unnecessary. The speed at which rolls of this form will draw and roll the wire
or other article will be due to the angle at which the rolls are set, and the number
of revolutions performed by the revolving housing. A speed of about 2,000
revolutions per minute of the housing with rolls set to one fourth of an inch pitch,
will roll and draw through the wire at about a speed of 42 feet per minute. It will
generally be most convenient to drive this form of housing by a pulley and strap
except for the largest sizes of rods. Tubular or plain guides are set to keep the
wire or rod in a central position and may be placed at short distances apart in
zig-zag positions, in the manner of an ordinary wire straightening machine. For
large sized rods, guide rods set at a similar angle to the drawing rolls may be
placed in the housing or spindle to further straighten and finish the rod. Instead
of a single pair of drawing rolls with tubular or other guides to keep the wire or
rod in a central position, three or four rolls may be used in a set, particularly for
rods of large diameter; and a succession of pairs or sets of drawing rolls may be
used with advantage for some purposes. In using narrow rolls with a considerable
amount of angle or skew their peripheries may be made to cross each other.
For straightening rods or tubes only, a rounded roll and a hollow one will be
most suitable or three or more rolls set at distances apart from each other may be
used.
Instead of the rolls being made adjustable by eccentric bushes they may be
made adjustable by screws or other means. A convenient mode of so rendering
them adjustable is to bore out transverse seats in which is placed a separate sliding
bush for each roll, held in position by a set screw; or the rolls may be placed on
short transverse pivot pieces and thereby be readily set to any required angle or
pitch of thread.
Instead of the revolving housing being made to revolve on necks, and in ordinary
bushes as described, the housing may be made to revolve on hollow centres through

page_text: which the wire or rod or other article may pass and may be of any convenient
length to receive the rolls; a cylindrical form is the most convenient. The housing
may have transverse cylindrical or square formed slide seats, for the bushes of the
rolls, made adjustable by screws, eccentrics, cotters, or equivalent mechanical
means.
Instead of skew rolls of a parallel or nearly parallel form as herein-before
described, bevel discs analogous in form to bevel wheels may be set in bearings and
used for rolling; and may be similarly driven. The oblique tangential impingement
on the wire rods or other articles or screwing forward rolling action is obtained, in
applying the said bevel wheels, by having their centres a little to one side and in a
pair to the reverse sides of the centre of the housing and centre of the rod or other
article being operated upon, where the axis of the discs are placed nearly opposite
to each other, as in a pair of bevel wheels placed at a small angle and geared
together but revolving in reverse directions. Where the discs in a pair are placed
in a following position to each other, revolving in the same direction, the necessary
tangential impingement is obtained by having the centres or axis of both discs on.
the same side of the centre of the housing and wire or rods.
Steel and hardened discs of this form by reason of their differential burnishing
action on the wire or rods produce a higher degree of polish on the wire, rods, or
other articles than parallel rolls: When only one pair of discs is used in a
revolving housing it is necessary to have central guides in conjunction with the
discs to retain and guide the wire forward in a central position across the acting
faces of the discs, two pairs of discs of small diameters can be made to act on the
same part of the wire or rods lengthwise at the same instance, in which case central
guides for the wire, rods, or tubes across the face of the discs can be dispensed
with. Three or more discs not arranged opposite or in pairs can also be used, also
a succession of discs or successions of pairs of discs can be placed in the revolving
housing and made to roll, draw down, smooth, and straighten the wire at
successive points. I prefer to use for drawing down or rolling purposes only one
pair of discs. Parallel skew rolls and bevel discs may be used together in the same
housing: In drawing light wire vertical or horizontal, rollers or drums analogous
to ordinary wire drawing blocks may be used to take up the wire in coils; skew
rolls and bevel discs similarly arranged in revolving housings are also suitable for
forming and welding tubes, and for drawing copper, brass, and other metallic tubes
or mandrels and for unmandriling tubes.
Where the wire, rods, or bars to be operated upon require to be straightened or
smoothed only three or more single rolls or discs are by preference used, and set
at distances apart in the revolving housing to act upon and roll the wire bar
or tube, and cause the bar to yield to the straightening action while grasped at
three or more reverse points; or a pair of rolls consisting of a long hollow roll
and a rounded roll may be placed in a revolving housing in a similar way, and are
well adapted for straightening tubes. In combination with these straightening and
smoothing applications of the sun and planet motions of the skew and disc rolls, it
is intended to present cleaning tools and emery wheels fixed upon the revolving
housing, to the rods or tubes as they are drawn through. For drawing through
light tubes and rods and for presenting emery wheels to them for a high degree of
polish it is intended to, place India rubber tyres or tyres of leather or other soft
substance on the rolls to prevent injury to the polish.
For straightening railway rails T angle, square or other sections of bars I use
similar skew and discs rolls mounted in a revolving housing, and place the rail or
other form of bar to be straightened in a cylindrical case, the skew rollers or bevel
discs being made to act on the periphery of the case and straighten the rail or bar.
through the intervention of the case. The case is formed in halves longitudinally,
and each half shaped internally to half of the cross section and contour of the bar
to be operated upon, so that when the bar is enclosed, the two halves will form a
cylinder. The case is further divided into three pieces lengthwise or into six half
pieces. These six half semi circular pieces being joined together in a cylinder,

page_text: A case suitable for railway rails is about two feet long and is held together by two
chains, so that it may bend slightly and yet be retained in the centre of the
revolving housing. The three skew rolls only act on three points of the case at the
same instant and straighten and screw through the bar and case while so held;
while at the same instant the other three parts of the case being released from the
action of the skew rolls or discs, are by a cam, and connecting rods worked from the
centre bracket of the housing, and pushed back to the entering end of the internal
cavity of the revolving-housing to be taken fresh hold of by the skew rolls as they
come round, in this way the bar is straightened and traversed through the housing
continuously, whilst the separate halves of the case containing it are alternately
pressed, screwed forward, and pushed backward for a fresh hold every revolution
-of-the housing: The motion of the bar endways and straightening process being
continuous.
This cylindrical case formed in halves as described for straightening bars other
than of a round cross section and operating on the bar through-the-case-is-intended-
to be used in a nearly similar way to that just described between geared skew
rolls set in stationary housings, three parts of the case are moved backwards as the
other three parts of the casc are grasped and moved forwards with the railway or
other bar included. The rolls are formed of varying diameter to release three paris
of the case at the proper instant. For stationary housing rolls for presenting tubes
and rods to emery wheels or grinding tools, or emery wheels or tools to rods, it is
intended to use skew rolls covered with India rubber tyres driven by gearing in
stationary housings.
The second part of my Invention relates to new and improved forms of housings
for skew rolls and-bevel discs, similar to those described for rolling and straight-
ening wire, bars, shafts, and metallic tubes, which housings do not revolve as those
hereinbefore described; motion rolling, and screwing forward action being pro-
duced by the bars, rods, or other articles being revolved, such motion being trans-
mitted from the surface of the bar or other article being operated upon to the skew
rolls or discs, by frictional impingement; the bars, rods, or other articles, thereby
become compressed, smoothed, straightened and rolled into uniform diameter. The
housing containing the skew rolls or bevel discs is moved or left free to move
forward as the bar rolls, compresses, and screws itself through between the said
rolls, or bevel discs, the bar may also be left free to move on end as it screws its
way through, and the housing may be fixed or made stationary. One form of this
modification, of this gearless skew rolls and bevel discs for straightening shafts.
consists in mounting three small skew rolls in a small clamp formed portable hand
housing. The skew rolls are made to act on three points of the shaft set at about
four times the diameter of the shaft apart at the same instant. The two outside
rolls are placed on one side of the shaft and the centre one is placed at the
other side in the usual position for straightening action, the central skew rolls are
adjustable by a screw or other means. The shaft may be conveniently caused to
revolve in a common lathe, and on motion being given to the said shaft and the
clamp housing being applied to it and the rolls screwed up to the requisite degree
for straightening, the rolls and clamp will be screwed along the shaft and the shaft
speedily straightened thereby, _by_a_process similar to my ordinary large. geared
skew rolls.
For reducing in diameter, rounding, and for giving smoothness and uniformity in
diameter to shafts, I use one pair or two pairs of steel and hardened skew rolls or
discs, or any of the forms described in connection with my improved revolving
housing having narrow acting compressing surfaces fitted in a fixed housing, and I
revolve and move the shaft on end or place the housing on the saddle of a lathe
bed and allow or cause it to move forward as the shaft by its revolutions in the
lathe rolls and screws its way through. The rolls or discs by being placed in tubular
or pivot guides can have the thread set to any degree of pitch and by set screws or
other equivalent mechanical means can readily be adjusted; they may also be made
to give motion to an emery wheel and present it to the shaft.

page_text: The third part of my Invention relates to improved housings for skew rolls
when driven by gearing applied to the axis, the housing headstock being stationary,
and consists in one modification, in placing the roll bushes in singular tubular pivot
bearings,placed in tubular guides, which afford an improved arrangement of adjustable
bearings to give the required pitch of frictional screw thread. This also forms a
framework of improved efficiency, and by forming on the pivot pieces, eccentric
bushes, the angle of the rolls may be altered to any required pitch of thread so as
to give a higher degree of finish to rods and shafts; and by turning the bush pivot
rods the eccentrically set bushes can be made to reverse the angle of the rolls
and draw the bar or other object being operated upon through in the reverse
direction.
One modification of housing for this purpose consists in a pair of skew rolls driven
by gearing in the ordinary way, and having as the wheel gearing end, simple pivot
bearings, and at the other end combined pivot and eccentric bearings. The said
bearings by being partially turned round by, a worm wheel and worm or other
means, change and adjust the angle of the rolls to any required degree, or reverse
the angle to any degree in the opposite direction, so producing reverse traverse of
the bar or other object being operated on.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to rolling drawing or forming hollow
rods or tubes, and chiefly consists in causing the mandrels or bobs "used for
forming and smoothing the tubes internally to revolve, this has the effect of greatly
reducing the longitudinal resisting friction of the mandrel, while the tube is being
rolled or drawn over it by ordinary rolls skew rolls or dies. I have found that
by giving a speed of about 100 circumferential feet per minute to the surface of the
mandrels the longitudinal frictional, resisting hold of the mandrels is reduced
to about one sixth part of its ordinary frictional resisting hold, and is so much
below the ordinary frictional drawing through, hold of ordinary rolls with the use
of stationary mandrels or "bobs," that iron tubes in lap welding can be allowed to.
lap over a greater distance than can now be readily accomplished, and less careful
scarfing or other preparation is required and sounder tubes obtained. The above
arrangement also allows of greater drawing and rolling effect so securing sounder
and better welded tubes. For when drawing copper, brass, tin, zinc, and other metal
tubes, these revolving mandrels tend to produce smoother internal surfaces on the
tubes than is obtained by stationary mandrels, and they render the strain on the
machine and metals being formed into tubes much less, moreover superior soundness
and finish is readily obtainable. In rolling or drawing large sized tubes where
there may be a tendency for the tube to skelp or turn round with the mandrel
before the roll or die grasps it, sufficiently in excess of the strain of the mandrel; I
form the spindle of the mandrel or "bob "hollow and pass a second spindle up it:
on the said spindle is formed and caused to revolve one half of the bulb part or
bob on which the pressure of the rolls or die chiefly takes place the other half
of the "bol revolves in an opposite direction and at about equal speed, thereby
neutralizing the tendency of the tube to turn round. The forms of the rolls or dies
used in conjunction with this revolving mandrel may be any of those now in use,
and the die or bore may consist of a pair of rolls or three or four rolls running
together in any of the well known positions now in use, or a succession of pairs of
rolls so as to act on a skelp plate: The mandrel may either be led back from the
entering side or delivering side of the rolls or dies, and may be driven by a pulley
and belt or other gear. In one arrangement for welding malleable iron pipes
direct from the plate at one heat. I use one pair of welding rolls of the ordinary
form, with the ordinary. form of housing having a horizontal axis, and another pair
of rolls of somewhat larger diameter, or a pair of skelping rolis placed before and
near the welding rolls and nearer to the furnace, the said second pair of rolls are
on vertical axis and have the diameter of the groove or die left somewhat larger
than that of the welding rolls: both pairs of rolls are driven at a high welding
speed; the mandrel is driven from the furnace side and terminates a little beyond.

page_text: the welding point of the welding rolls. For entering the plate at a welding heat
into the rolls a short traversing bench with a traversing plate is provided; the
plate is adapted to be moved forward to the out end side of the rolls at about the
same speed as the circumferential speed of the rolls. A frictional pulley or other
means is used as the driving agent so allowing of readily connecting and dis-
connecting the traversing-from-the-driving-gear. The end of the tube being drawn
from the furnace is laid-on-the-traversing plate and is secured thereto by a clamp,
the traversing plate is then connected to the forward, traverse gear and brought
suddenly to rest by a guard when close to the first pair of rolls. The clamp holding
the skelp to the traverse plate is released by a détent which also disconnects the
moving forward gear: the plate is thus thrown with sufficient momentum into the
rolls for them to take hold of it and thus produce ready entering action. The first
pair of rolls partially rounds up and forms the tube the next pair welds it. The
-mandrel-is-driven steadily-during-the-process-at-a-high-speed. Instead_of_the
traversing plate and clamp for seizing and entering the skelp into the rolls, the
mandrel may be suspended in a frame from the hanger of an overhead revolving
shaft, concentric with or nearly concentric with the shaft on which is fixed the
driving belt pulley so that it shall correspond in position with the small driven
pulley fixed on the mandrell; the mandrel is driven from it by a half cross belt.
placed over the two pulleys: the position of suspension for this frame with the
mandrel revolving in it is such as to allow the mandrel to swing into its proper
working position between the rolls and out again readily, by preference by hand.
A stop guard arrests the motion of the mandrel-carrying-frame forward into the
rolls and retains it the proper distance between the rolls with the point a little
beyond their line of centres. One set or pair of welding rolls for this form of
entering arrangement has a bell mouth placed before the rolls for partially rounding
up the skelp as it passes through. The skelp is prepared for entering by the ordinary
process of "nosing," it is then heated to a welding heat and entered on the point
of the mandrel; when swung back out of the rolls, the skelp is held on the mandrel
by a detent attached to the forward portion of the frame and mandrel in this
state the frame with the revolving mandrel and skelp is swung swiftly forward and
entered into the rolls which being in swift motion form and weld the tube. The
"
nosing" may be dispensed with before the plate is heated by having a bell mouth
on the frame, and dispensing with the bell mouth fixed on the housing before the
rolls. The bell mouth is made to clamp and "nose" the flat plate by hand, around
the point of the revolving mandrel, or a short distance back from the point of the
mandrel. In this state the skelp is swiftly swung forward and entered, the sudden
arresting of the forward motion of the mandrel and the momentum thus acquired
by the skelp assisting it to start on its swift course through the rolls; When the
mandrel is swung back its point may be made to pass into a water trough for
cooling. To obtain heated plates in numbers equal to this quick welding process
the welding rolls with their revolving mandrels are caused to move by gearing along
the front of the furnace, to several furnace doors, or across a wide door with several
openings, and the plates are entered into the furnace from the opposite ends, or the
furnace itself caused to move on a carriage or swivel so as to present a sufficient
furnace floor space to plates-in-process of being heated. To produce heated plates
numerously enough to keep the rolls in active operation; the revolving mandrel
may be formed taper and be made to move on end while it revolves so as to
suit expanding bore tube rolls or dies for butt or lap welding. The rolls may be of
the form now used for welding taper telegraph poles.
For hydraulic screw and clamp draw benches and solid dies, the revolving mandrel
could have a succession of bulbous parts on it to hold a succession of dies to suit a
succession of pairs of drawing rolls. In cold drawing the mandrels also may be
assisted with the ordinary lubricants and the revolving mandrels may also be formed
taper and moved on end so as to produce tubes with a smaller bore or of thicker
metal at one end than at the other.

page_text: It is also intended for forming and welding or drawing tubes to use in combina-
tion with this revolving mandrel, a set of one pair or two pairs or a set of three or
more skew rolls or bevel discs set in a revolving housing as hereinbefore described
for drawing and rolling rods and tubes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said James Robertson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th April 1879.
JAMES ROBERTSON, Engineer, Glasgow, in the County of Renfrew, "IMPROVE
MENTS IN FRICTIONAL SCREW GEARING AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, ROLLING,
STRAIGHTENING, SHAPING AND SMOOTHING WIRES, RODS, BARS, AND TUBES.
"
My said invention relates to new and improved dispositions and means for
actuating rollers or rolls or bevel discs and in housings for same and in apparatus
for drawing, rolling, straightening, smoothing, and finishing wires, rods, bars, and
hollow rods or tubes and in apparatus for reducing the frictional resistance of
finishing tools and mandrils in forming rolling or drawing tubes through rolls or
dies.
The first part of my invention relates to improved means and apparatus for
actuating skew rolls or bevel discs and apparatus to be employed and namely as
for drawing, rolling, straightening and smoothing wire and solid rods. The skew
disposition of the rolls or discs produces a combined rolling and screw self feeding
forward motion on the objects operated upon.
The compound rolling and screwing forward motion which for these purposes
has hitherto been transmitted to the rolls or discs by gearing. In this first part of
my invention motion is solely transmitted to the rolls or discs by frictional contact
between their surfaces and the surface of the article operated upon. The rolls or
discs are caused to revolve around the rod or other article in a revolving housing
and the rod or other article is thereby propelled forward with a longitudinal motion
only. The rolls or discs have a sun and planet motion around the articles they
roll, draw down, or finish. Driving gear, except for giving motion to the revolving
housing which can be simply done by a pulley and strap or other gear as hitherto
used, being dispensed with.
In my improved revolving housing and set of rolls adapted for drawing and
rolling rods and small wire Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the drawings is a side elevation
partly shown in section and Fig. 2 an external plan showing the skew rolls A A
and have their axis spindles A A set in eccentric adjustable bush bearings B B
and placed in a hollow cylindrical revolving housing composed of two cylindrical
parts C and C' shown in section. The part. C' being keyed on a hollow spindle D
also shown in section through which the rod a being operated upon shown between
the skew rolls A A passes. This hollow spindle D being set in bearings and placed
in a headstock E. The spindle D having a pulley -F.keyed on it. and adapted for

page_text: having motion transmitted to it by a strap. The adjustable eccentric bush bearings
are better seen in Fig. 4 which is an enlarged plan of the housing C and spindle D
also partly shown in section. The eccentric bushes B B of the roll spindles AA
are formed with squares on their ends-for-turning round and setting the rolls to
any required size or guage of wire or rod to be rolled or drawn and have jam
nuts B B for fixing them-into-the-requisite positions. The rolls may be set to
any angle and are here shown-set- at about an angle of 20 degrees to the axis of
the revolving housing at which-angle the housing revolving at about a speed of
2000 revolutions per minute will roll down the wire in a hot or cold-state and
draw it through-at-about-a-speed of 42 feet per minute. The arrows indicate the
direction of the motion of both the revolving housing C and longitudinal motion of
the wire a. To keep the wire in a central_position-between-the-rolls A. A. two
_small-guides-H-H-are placed inside the revolving housing shown by Fig. 5 which
is an internal elevation of the revolving housing plate C which has formed in the
seats of the eccentric adjustable bush bearings B B also showing the disposition
of these. To keep the rod a bearing operated upon from turning round in this
example a pair of nipping rolls I I adapted to grasp various sizes of rods are
provided at the entering end of the housing and a similar pair of nipping rolls I' I'
placed at the delivering end of the housing seen in Figs. 1 and 2, and in section in
Fig. 3. This is a necessary adjunct to the process of rolling and drawing by this
means and is hereafter variously provided for in other examples hereinafter shown.
These nipping rolls 11 and I are placed on eccentric stud axis pins J J J J
set in brackets K K which are fixed on the same sole plate L as the headstock E
of the revolving housing. The eccentric stud pins J J J J of the nipping rolls
have squares on their ends for turning round and adjusting to the requisite
diameter of wire being operated upon and jam nuts J¹ J J J₁ for fixing them in
any required position. To further lead and guide the rod a into the revolving
housing and in between the rolls A A a tubular guide M shown in Figs. 1 and 2
and shown in section in Fig. 1 supported from the sole plate L is provided. The
revolving housing in this example is water-tight and by retaining a small quantity
of water or other liquid in it and the rolls A A partly immersed in it a wet finish
can be given to the articles operated upon, and which, particularly for rolling hot
iron and steel rods is very advantageous. The motions of the rolls, revolving
housing and wire, are as indicated by the arrows.
Instead of the skew rolls being made adjustable in the revolving housing by
eccentric bushes as just described they may be made adjustable by screws or
other means. A convenient mode of so rendering them adjustable is to bore out
transverse scats in a cylindrical or other shaped revolving housing in which is
placed a separate sliding bush for each roll, and held in position by set screws or
other means, or the roll bushes may be placed on short pivot pieces and thereby
be readily set to any angle or pitch of frictional thread required. Fig. 6 is a side
clevation shown partly in section. Fig. 7 an external plan of revolving housing
in which is placed one pair of rolls of this description. The rolls A A are shown
set in cylindrical bearings B.B-placed-in-transverse seats which are bored out in
the revolving housing C and are adjustabile by the retaining screws B' B' and set
Screws B B to any guage or diameter of rod a required, as seen in section in the
end elevation of the revolving housing in Fig. 8, the angle of the rolls being set
and retained by a sliding feather in the adjustable bush B and a corresponding
groove formed in the transverse seat bored out in the revolving housing. In this
example the hollow spindle D has formed in it an oblong recess D' between its
bearings, in which are placed the three after adjustable spring guides G GG
which grasp the rod at three points after and straighten it in its passage through
the hollow spindle, and straighten the wire like the guides of an ordiny wire
machine, adjustable by the set screws G'G'G'. These guides are seen in cross
section in Fig. 9 which is a sectional elevation of the hollow spindle D through
the oblong recess D'. Instead of these guides G, skew rollers may be used for large
şizes of rods. Like letters of reference are used to like parts as in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

page_text: and the action of these alike and need not again be more accurately described.
The motion of the revolving housing, rolls, and wire are all indicated by arrows
Instead of the revolving housing being made to revolve on necks as described in
the two preceding examples it may be made to revolve on a hollow centre or
centres through which the wire rod or other article is made to pass, and may be
of any convenient length to receive the roils and the housing. Recesses for the
rolls may be cylindrical or otherwise formed and with adjusting arrangements for
the rolls by eccentric bushes, screws, cotters, or other equivalent mechanical
means.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation partly in section. Fig. 11 a plan also shown partly in
section, Fig. 12 is also a plan also shown partly in section, and Fig. 13 an external
plan. In Fig. 10 the hollow centre or dead spindle D is shown in section, with the
rod a passing up its centre, and keyed in the headstock E. The inner half of the
revolving housing C being extended out in a long tubular boss having the driving
strap pulley F formed upon it, and bored out to receive and revolve upon the dead
hollow spindle D. The pair of rolls A A are of a shape designed for straightening
wire or rods only being much longer than the preceding examples described, and
the one hollow extremely lengthways and the other rounded extremely lengthways,
the form and angle of the hollow rolls being seen in section in Fig. 1 and the
form and angle at which the rounded roll is set being seen in section in Fig. 12.
It is also provided with a pair of nipping rolls | I on the entering and a similar
pair at the delivering end placed on eccentric axis pins made to grasp the
rod by the weighted levers JJ' instead of the jam nuts described in connection
with the Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 but otherwise these guiding nipping rolls shown in
end elevation by Fig. 14 and all other parts except the dead spindle D described
are the same as described in connection with Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and the same
letters of reference referring to like parts and need not be re-described. The direction
of motion of the housing and rod are as indicated by the arrows.
Instead of skew rolls of a parallel or nearly parallel form as described in con-
nection with Figs. 1 to 13 bevel discs analogous in form to hevel wheels may be
set in bearings in a revolving housing for rolling wire rods and tubes and be
similarly driven. The oblique tangential impingement on the wire or rods or other
articles or screwing forward rolling action being obtained in the said bevel discs by
having their centres placed a little to the one side of the axis of the revolving
housing in reverse positions, and to the centres of rods or articles being operated
upon and revolve in reverse directions to each other. Where the discs in a pair
are placed in a following position to each other and revolving in the same direction
the required oblique tangential impingement on the rods is obtained by the centres
or axes of both discs being placed a little to the one side of the axis of the revolving
housing or centre of the rod being operated upon to the same side or position of the
housing axis. Steel and hardened dises of this form by reason of the differential
action of their surfaces on the rods have a burnishing action and produce a higher
degree of polish on the rods than parallel skew rolls.
Fig. 15 is a side elevation partly shown in section and Fig. 16 an external plan
of a revolving housing revolving on a dead hollow centre or spindle Das described
in connection with Figs. 10 to 14. The sole plate L and nipping entering rolls for
guiding in the rod between the rolls being shown broken off.
This example of the bevel discs A A set in a revolving housing are adapted for
rolling small wire and an ordinary wire block reel N with its bracket N' is shown
placed on the sole plate L along with the head-stock E of the revolving housing to
which the wire a being passed through is connected and the wire a is coiled thereon
in the ordinary way as it is rolled through. The form and dispositions of the bevel
discs A A are better seen in the enlarged sectional side elevation Fig. 17 and
enlarged external end elevation Fig. 18 of the revolving housing C. The axis
spindles A A³ of the bevel discs A A are shown set in bearings on the revolving
housing C and for adjustment of pressure on the rod or wire being operated upon

page_text: are provided with the set pins B B which are provided with the jam nuts B'B'
for holding the set pins steadily to the diameter or gange of wire required.
In this example also the dead spindle has fixed on its front end the cleaning tool
or die O same as an ordinary wire worker's die through which the wire is made to
pass and a similar finishing tool or die P is fixed inside the revolving housing Con
the smugs and revolves around the wire to further draw it down and give it
a finish, the stationary die or_in_addition the entering nipping rolls tending to keep
the wire from running-round.-The-action of the revolving die P will hereinafter
be more fully described in connection with the drawing and rolling of hollow rods
or tubes. The same reference-letters refer to- like parts as described in connection
with Figs. 10 10 14 and the action is the same and need not be more accurately
described. The motion of the housing rolls and wire are as indicated by the
arrows.
- Fig. 19 is a side elevation and Fig. 20 is a plan of a revolving housing and a
revolving finishing tool or die O fixed in it only shown also-in-Figs:-15-and-16-
connected with a wire block reel N. In place of the nipping rolls described in
connection with Figs. 1, 2 and 3 for keeping the wire from turning round a bore
or die O fixed in a standard bracket K cast in one piece with the headstock E is
provided. The die is in halves and the upper half O is adjustable by the set screw
and hand wheel I' in the manner of an ordinary slide rest to any degree of grasp on
the wire, a very slight amount of resisting friction being suflicient to keep the wire
from turning round and the die O although in halves has also a helping drawing
effect on the wire. it is intended to use this arrangement of revolving housing and
die in conjunction with the rolls or separately for drawing wire rods and tubes to
be hereinafter more fully explained in connection with the new and improved
arrangements of frictional screw gearing and apparatus for drawing tubes. The
directions of the motion of the housing and wire are as indicated by the arrows.
Skew rolls and bevel discs similarly arranged are also suitable for forming and
welding iron or steel tubes and for drawing or rolling copper brass or other
metallic tubes and for rolling over ordinary mandrils and for unmandrilling tools.
Fig. 21 is an end elevation. Fig. 22 a plan. Fig. 23 a side elevation partly in
section and Fig. 24 also an elevation but of the reverse side of the housing to that
shown by Fig. 21. This form of revolving housing is more suitable for larger sized
rods and tubes than those described. Three skew rolls A A A are shown placed
on fixed axis pins A A A which axis pins have eccentrical bosses adapted for
inrning round to take in and adjust for larger or smaller bars or tubes very similar
to the arrangement for adjustment described in connection with Figs. 1, 2. and 3
and having also jam nuts A" at the back of each eccentric boss for fixing the rolls
to the diameter of bar or tube required in the revolving housing C. The revolving
housing in this example is similar to the chuck of one of my spindleless lathes
having wheel teeth cast in its periphery and turned to fit into the headstock E
which has a recess in it in which is placed a driving toothed pinion Q seen in
Fig. 24 which is carried on the spindle R which is set in the bush bracket S and
On the
motion communicated to it by a belt pulley F keyed on the spindle R.
back of the revolving housing is fixed a revolving tool or die O for further finishing
the rod or-tube-being-operated-upon-seen-in Figs. 22 and 24. A tube a is shown
being operated upon over a mandril B. A pair of grasping draw bench tongs T are
seen in Fig. 22 shown fixed to keep the tube a and mandril B from turning round.
The tongs may be connected to a clamp screw or hydraulic draw bench. The motion
of the rolls housing and tube are as indicated by the arrows. The same letters of
reference are used to like parts as in the other examples described. .
Two pairs of skew rolls of narrow width or small diameter can be made to act
on the wire or rods on the same part lengthwise and three or more rolls or discs
not arranged opposite or in pairs or a succession of discs or pairs of discs or disc
rolls and skew rolls combined can be used in a revolving housing and generally
arranged as hereinbefore described and to act on the wire at successive points, but

page_text: for drawing down purposes I prefer to use one pair or three rolls with housings the
form of these generally are shewn by Figs. 25 to 37.
Fig. 25 is a side elevation and Fig. 26 an end elevation of a set of four skew
rolls A A A A in a die or guide of narrow width set at about the angle of 45
degrees. Fig. 27 is an end elevation, Fig. 28 a side elevation of four skew rolls of
small diameter forming a die. Fig. 29 is a side elevation and Fig 30 is a plan of a
pair of bevel discs placed in a following position forming a dic. Fig. 31 is a side
elevation and Fig. 32 an end elevation of a bevel disc and a skew roll combined to
form a die. Fig. 33 is a side elevation and Fig. 34 an end elevation of three pair
of skew rolls acting on successive points on a bar. Fig. 35 is a side elevation and
Fig. 36 an end elevation or a succession of single skew rolls acting on a bar for
straightening purposes, and Fig. 37 is a side elevation and Fig. 38 an end elevation
of a succession of three single bevel discs acting on a bar for straightening purposes
and indicated and explained. In combination with these revolving housings and
in combination with these skew rolls and bevel discs and hereinbefore explained I
combine tubular cleaning or drawing and polishing tools or dies to be as already
referred to more fully explained in connection with the drawing of tubes but I
also combine on the revolving housing emery wheels or grinding wheels to polish
the wire rods or tubes and present the rods to the emery wheels. For finely
polished rods and tubes I use the skew rolls covered with indiarubber tyres or
tyres of leather or other soft substances to prevent injury to the polish.
Fig. 39 is a side elevation partly in section and Fig. 40 an external plan of a
revolving housing, and rolls AA acting on a rod of a similar form and in a similar
way generally to that described in connection with Figs. 1, 2, and 3 and the same
reference letters referring to like parts and need not in the similar parts be
re-described, but the rolls A A are shown covered with indiarubber tyres A7, for
drawing through light tubes and finely polished rods or other articles which have to
be used lightly. The rolls A A are also placed on dead centre pins AA" formed
in one piece with the levers seen in the end elevation of the revolving housing C,
Fig. 41, the levers AS being hinged by a pin to the revolving housing face plate C
and rendered adjustable to any diameter of rod or tube by the set screws A" A
the arrangement being seen in section in Fig. 42.
On the other end of the revolving hollow spindle is keyed the revolving housing C².
A spindle U placed in bearings in this housing in an angular cross direction seen in
section in Fig. 39 and externally in Figs. 43 and 44 has keyed upon it. the plain
frictional driving pulley Vwhich is geared to the annular ring formed faced bracket W
which by the revolution of the housings causes the spindle to revolve at a high
speed, on this spindle V is also keyed the disc plate X which is faced with emery
as shown and thereby acts on the rod at a high speed polishing the rod as the
housing and rolls revolving at a high speed draws the rod or tube a through. The
motion of the parts are all as indicated by the arrows.
For straightening railway rails T angle or other section of bars I use similar rolls
or bent discs mounted in a revolving housing and place the rail or other form of bar
to be straightened in a cylindrical case, the rolls or discs being made to act on the
periphery of the case, and straighten the railway or other form of bar through the
intervention of the case.
Fig. 45 is a side elevation Fig. 46 a plan and Fig. 47 an end elevation of a
straightening machine, adapted to straighten railway rails with a rail a shown being
passed through it. having a revolving housing C set on and made to revolve on the
hollow axis centre brackets E and E which are fitted to a strong sole plate 1. and
forms a strong head-stock. The revolving housing C is made of an oblong form
lengthwise but has as shown cylindrical formed bosses C¹ C² on each end bored out
to receive the hollow centres formed on the brackets E. El. On one of these bossesC¹
is keyed a spur wheel F. which gears into a corresponding spur wheel Fl which is
keyed on a shaft which is the driving shaft. of the several parts of the machine
and may be connected to main gearing or to a separate driving steam engine and is
shown broken off. The shaft F best seen in Fig. 46 is shown carried in a bush

page_text: bearing in a projecting arm of the revolving housing centre bracket E3 at the one
end and carried by a separate bush bracket E' also bolted to the sole-plate L, at its
other end. Besides the wheel F¹ shown geared to the wheel F for revolving the
revolving housing C, this shaft F2 has keyed on to it at the entering end of the
-machine-for-the railway rail a or other bar to be straightened the bevel pinion F³
which gears into a bevel wheel F' which actuates-a-pair-of-nipping-rolls II, which
are formed of a section to suit the form of the bar operated upon. A similar pair of
rolls placed at the delivering end of the machine 111 has keyed-upon the axis of the
driving roll the bevel wheel which is the same size and form as the wheel F, on
the leading and entering rolls E, and is actuated at the same speed as the entering
Trolls by the bevel-pinion- Egearing into it and which is also keyed on the driving
shafts By these driven nipping rolls II and therefore the bar a-is-rolled.
through the centre of the housing C, while the housing C, is being revolved by the
same actuating shaft Placed-in-between_the_supporting Centres formed in the
centre brackets E. E. of the revolving housing C, are, three dies O, O' and 02-which-
may be in halves but are here shown solid and are formed at their centres to suit
the contour or cross section of the bar to be operated upon giving about a quarter of
an incli of room to allow an easy passage of the bar to be straightened in each die
singly. These dies 0, 0, and 02, are cylindrically shaped externally and are shown
held in a central position in the central space between the brackets E. E'. by the
bolts 0 0. the ropes being of steel, wire rope, or other elastic material and the
holes through which they are passed being narrowed to the size of the bolts at the
centres and widened towards the end as seen in Fig. 45 admits of play in every
direction by the elasticity of the bolts and by the application of force to the
peripheries of the dies 0, 0, 0% whilst they nevertheless keep in about a straight
line in the centre between the brackets E. "E' and in the centre of the housing C
when they are not subject to external force to press them out of the centres of the
revolving housing C. The railway bar a being shown passed through them
and all shown in section in Fig. 45 and shown in section through the centre
of the revolving housing crosswise in Figs. 47 and 48. Three rolls A A¹ A²
by preference set slightly angular to the axis of the revolving housing are set
on axis pins A A A which have formed and placed on them excentric
bosses B, with squares B', on their ends adapted to adjust laterally by the said
axis pins being turned round and secured at pleasure in any required position
by the jam nuts B². B. B². These rolls A A A are shown rolling on the
external surfaces of the dies 0, 0, 0, are each made to press on a die so that
it rolls upon and presses it a little to the one side so that on a straight railway or
other bar being passed by the entering nipping rolls 1. I. and I. I. it is slightly
grasped at three points in its length to the limit it will spring back by the
dies 0. 01. 0 at any point all round the bar but if the bar should be bent on
entering then the rolls A. A. revolving on the die cases 0. 01. 02. when they come
round presses on the die raised higher therefrom which will always be at the point
where the high part or rounded part of the bar causes the die to project out more at
the point to be caught and pressed inwards and therefore presses the bar at this
point inwards further than its normal elasticity can spring back and therefore it
remains straight. The bar a therefore in being forced or drawn through these
dies 0. 0 0 by the geared nipping rolls I. 1. is subjected to a straightening
process by the action of the revolving rolls A. A'. A². revolving on the periphery
of the dies taking a fresh hold cach revolution. A speed of about a foot of end
motion on an ordinary railway bar is for each revolution of the revolving housing
about the relative speed of the revolving housing and bar and therefore this
straightening process is a quick one.
Similar dies to these are described of a form to straighten T bars.
'The second part of my Invention relates to new and improved housings for skew
rolls and bevel discs similar to those described for rolling and straightening wire
bars, shafts, and metallic tubes which housings do not revolve as those hereinbefore
described, motion rolling and screwing forward action being produced by the bars,

page_text: or rods, or other articles being revolved such motion being transmitted from the
surface of the bar or other article being operated upon to the skew rolls or discs by
plain surface frictional impingement only and for equalizing and smoothing the
bars.
Fig. 53 is a plan shown partly in section.
Fig. 54 a side elevation and Fig. 55 an end elevation of a portable hand
housing C, adapted to straighten, rods and shafts when being revolved in a
lathe or by other means having three rolls A A A² set on axes in same
and adapted to clamp on upon a shaft a having as shown the rolls A. A' on
one side of the shaft and the roll A" at the other opposite side of the
shaft a.
The rolls A A'. on the one side of the shaft are shown placed on the
axis pins A. A. which are fixed on the housing C, the rolls revolving on their axis
pins and are not adjustable. The roll A2 is shown placed in a small cylindrical
adjustable housing B set upon an axis pin A. This small housing B is shown
placed in a tubular recess in the main housing which is bored out and the
adjustable small housing B, is turned to fit this recess and extends back from the
rolls A, and screwed to receive the adjustable handle and screw combined B' which
revolves and is secured against motion on end by the gland bush C seen in section
in Figs. 53 and 54. The screw handle B' has fixed in it a second cross handle 12
for turning round by hand. To straighten a shaft, in, a lathe this portable housing
is laid on the shaft a and the handle B. B. turned round until the screw on it B"
pushes forward the small adjustable housing B, and roll A2 set to revolve in it to
the requisite pressure to give straightening action, the set screws B also being
adjustable to keep the shaft a, in a central position between the rollers A¹. and A³.
and an angular motion being given to the shaft the rolls A. A'. A. while they grasp
the shaft at three points roll and screw themselves and their hand housing C, along
the shaft at a speed due to their angular position and the revolution of the shaft
and where the shaft may be bent the high point at the bend gets correspondingly
set in by the centre roll A2 and is thereby made straight. The motions are as
indicated by the arrows. Bevel discs suit this purpose analagous to those shown in
Fig. 37 on sheet. 1 of my drawings and placed in a similar position as those shown
in a hand clamping housing of the same general construction as described.
Fig. 56 is a plan and Fig. 57 a side elevation of a pair of skew rolls A A set in
a housing C on a slide rest of a common lathe to act upon a shaft a revolved in a
lathe and to pass along the shaft and to roll and compress and smooth the shaft a
to equal diameter throughout. Skew rolls are set at a slight angle A. A' and are
keyed on spindles A A and set in excentric bushes B and B seen in side elevation
in Fig. 57. Screws are formed on the surfaces of these excentric bushes B. and B'
and they are screwed tightly into the housing C. Squares B are also formed on
the ends of the excentric bushes B and jam nuts B are provided for fixing the
excentric bushes in any position to suit the diameter of shaft required. The shaft a
to be rolled passes through the centre of the housing C guided in a pair of guide
blocks Cadjustable by the set screws seen in Fig. 57 and guides the shaft a
between the rolls A, A. Stays at each side of the rolls C. C. fixed to the cross
bar C keyed in the roll housing C. seen in end elevation in Fig. 58 also guide the
shaft into and out of the finishing rolls. The position of the rolls A A¹ to the
shaft a to be rolled to equal diameter and to the cross stay C being seen in
Fig. 59. In addition to these details described which are all that is required to
roll a bar of equal diameter when the bar is revolved in a lathe the rolls A' the
back roll spindle A³ has placed loosely on it a lever A shown in Fig. 56 broken off
in side view in Fig. 60 also broken off which has rivetted into it a stud A, and,
carries a pinion F which gears into a pinion F. keyed on the spindle A of the
roll A. The wheel F. has keyed on it the Emery wheel X which therefore has
motion transmitted to it through the wheels F, and F¹ from the revolving spindle A
of the roll A', and in reverse direction to the motion of the shaft. The Emery
wheel X is shown out of contact with the shaft a but by folding over the lever A.

page_text: which is hinged on the spindle A of the roller A¹ and therefore keeps the wheels F,
and F, in gear in any position. The emery wheel is brought in contact with the
shaft a as seen in elevation in Fig. 60 by the dotted lines and is presented to the
shaft as the rolls A and A', screw themselves or are passed along and rolls it down
equal diameter throughout and polishes it by the emery wheel at the same time
without cutting tools. The emery-wheel-X, combined_with_the_revolving housing
gives a higher degree-of-finish-but the rolls-A, A¹, so applied without the emery
wheel but for shaft-for-most-purposes-the-rolls alone make a very perfect finish of
a: shaft.
Fig. 61 is a plan of the rolls and housing just shown applied in a common lathe drawn
to a smaller scale. The same letters and numerals referring to like parts. A common
lathe is the most suitable for applying this shaft finishing machine Bevel discs of-the-
form shown by Figs. 16. 17. 18, 29 and 30 on sheet of my drawings can also
be-mounted on a housing_of_a_generally similar description to effect the purpose as
described by the skew rolls A, A', and may be set in pivot or cylindrical bush
bearings changing the degree of frictional thread as described in connection with
Figs. 6, 7, and 8, on sheet 1 of my drawings.
The third part of my invention relates to improved housings for skew rolls A
for rolling and finishing rods and tubes when driven by gearing applied to the
axis consisting in one modification in placing the roll bushes in single pivot guides
which afforts an improved arrangement of adjustable bearings for the various sizes
of bars and ready adaptability to any angle or skew of rails and forms a frame-
work of improved efficiency.
Fig. 62 is a side elevation Fig. 63 a plan and Fig. 64 an end elevation of my
improved stationary skew roll housing C, and improved single ended adjustable
pivot bush bearings for the rolls A A seen in section in Figs. 62 and 68. Tubular
recesses C, C2, C3, and C are formed and bored out in the housing casting C and
pivot bearings which are seen separately in Figs. 65, 66, 67, and 68. B, B', for the
necks of the rolls A A. The pivot parts B being turned to fit the tubular recesses
of the rolls C, C², C. C', as shown fitted in section in Fig. 61 and 62. The
bushes B, B', seen in end elevation in Fig. 63, are fixed hard in their places after
they are set to the skew or angle of the roll necks placed in them. The bushes of
the necks of the roll A have their pivot ends B screwed and the adjusting screws
B B fitted in them for adjusting to any size of bar affording a much superior
arrangement for this adjustment than by the slide blocks and bars ordinarily
employed. The rolls are actuated by the belt pulley F through the train of wheels
F F F F F³. The motions of the rolls are as indicated by the arrows.
:
Fig. 65 is a side elevation and Fig. 66, an end elevation of a set of rolls placed
in a housing C. having tubular recesses C', C², C. C which are adapted for
adjusting and changing or for reversing the angle at which the rolls A A are set
to the bar a to be operated upon. The excentric tubular guide pieces B' are shown
with a flange B formed on them and are turned to fit the recesses C. C. C³, C+,
and to correspond with the flange C formed on the housing C. They are also
bored out for the pivot ends of the roll bushes B³ excentrically to their peripheries
shown in end elevation in Fig. 67. the adjusting roll A having also the pivot part
of its bushes B-fitting-with-an-adjusting screw as shown in connection, with Figs.
62, 63, and 64. The flange B of the excentric tubular guide of the bush pieces B
seen in Fig. 67 are bored out and the pivot pieces B³ of the roll bushes B, are fitted
into these a working fit. To change the angle or pitch of frictional screw-thread
of the rolls A A¹ therefore turning round the excentric tubular guide pieces of the
Bush, effects this to any degree required and a number of holes are provided in
their flanges as shown for fixing them by their flanges B to the flanges C' of the
housing C. Fig. 72 is a side elevation of a pivot bush suited for the housing C of
the rolls described in connection with Figs. 62 63 and 64 having its bush part B
slightly out of centre line with its pivot end B. turning these bushes upside down
on the axis of the rolls, a ready means of having two different angles of screw

page_text: thread is by this means readily obtained and for small sizes of skew rolls this
arrangement for changing the frictional screw is most convenient and serves all
that is generally required in small sided skew rolls of this description.
This fourth part of my invention which relates to the rolling drawing shaping
or forming of solid drawn metal tubes and tubes formed from flat sheets or plates
of metal with straight seams or joints which may be welded soldered or other-
wise united consists chiefly in causing the mandrils to revolve or the tube by
skew rolls or other means to revolve over the mandril and in causing the dies also
to revolve where dies are used as hereinbefore described for finishing solid rods
and wire. This by giving transverse or cross motion to the longitudinal motion of
the rod or tube between the surface of the rod or tube, or transverse or cross motion
between the acting surface of the mandril and surface of the tube has the effect of
greatly reducing the longitudinal resisting friction of the mandrils and dies while
the tube is being formed. rolled or drawn over it or moved through it by ordinary
rolls or skew rolls or where dies are used by revolving the dies. I am aware that
revolving mandrils have been used wherein the mandrils are revolved along with
the billet skelp or tube being rolled at the same circumferential speed; as in the
Patent granted to me of the United Kingdom for "Improvements in shaping and
treating metals" No. 3677 dated the 20th December 1869, in which I use a
revolving mandril for the manufacture of tubes in which tube or billet revolve
along with the mandril but the sense in which I use the term revolving mandril
is where the production of cross or transverse motion takes place between the
surfaces to the longitudinal forward motion which in this old example referred to
does not occur. I also am aware that a revolving mandril has been used for
forming tubes with spiral joints out of narrow plates but I do not use any similar
contrivance to either of these modes of manufacturing tubes in my Invention
relating to tubes only solid drawn or with straight seams or joints. I have found
that by giving a circumferential speed or cross motion to the mandrils or acting
parts or bulbs of same of about 100 feet per minute in drawing iron tubes the
longitudinal resisting frictional hold of the mandrils under work is practically
reduced to about one sixth part of what it is in using ordinary fixed mandrils and
by causing the mandrils to revolve giving correspondingly greater drawing effect.
and producing sounder tubes. The actual reduction of frictional resistance to
longitudinal motion under a state of cross motion between the surfaces is however
very much greater than this being at a speed of about 200 circumferential feet per
minute or a cross motion of 200 circumferential feet per minute to a slow longi-
tudinal motion where slight lubrication can be employed reduced to about one
fiftieth part of the ordinary quiescent hold of the mandril and in drawing metal
tubes in a cold state where lubrication as is ordinarily employed can be used the
reduction of the longitudinal resisting friction on mandrils and in dies is so great at
high revolving speeds or by high cross or circumferential motion to the longi-
tudinal motion that the diminution of this frictional resistance changes the
conditions of the drawing arrangements of tube machinery very greatly. This
application of this so far as I am aware hitherto unobserved condition or state of
friction between the surfaces of bodies secures important improvements in the way
hereafter explained and described in apparatus for the manufacture of tubes. My
improved methods of giving accessibility between the drawing machinery and
furnaces to give greater speed accuracy in heating plates and skelps for turning up
and welding as also the combining with revolving mandrils antifrictional rolls and
bevel discs in a revolving housing with improved arrangements of rolls and dies to
suit same in carrying out the same being also part of my said invention as
follows:-
On sheet 3 of my drawings Fig. 75 is a side elevation and Fig. 76 an end
elevation of a straight round revolving mandril B the form preferred for skelping
or turning up tubes for the welding rolls showing a tube a in section over the
mandril with arrows as in all other examples of the revolving mandril indicating
rotatory motion Fig. 77 is a side elevation and Fig. 78 an end elevation of a

page_text: revolving mandril B with a piece of tube a shown over it in section suitable for
brass and iron tubes for rolls or dies having a bulb B' formed on it.
Fig. 79 is a side elevation and Fig. 80 an end clevation partly in section of a
revolving mandril B and bulb B' of the form generally suitable for welding iron
tubes the mandril B having a square stem B2 on it to receive the bulb B¹.
Fig. 81 is a side elevation and Fig. 82 an end elevation of a revolving mandril B
-and-bulb-B-being-shown_in_section; this mandril and bulb is also suitable for
welding iron tubes and has a recess B formed in it for being partially filled with
water the bulb to-be taken out-and partially filled with water before the hot skelp
is welded over it. This is an advantage for revolving bulbs and also an advantage
for revolving mandrils-over stationary ones as by their revolving action and
centrifugal force on the water a film of water is kept equally or nearly so around
the cavity as indicated-by-the-dotted-line-B-and prevents, the bulb becoming
heated much beyond the heat of the water. It is intended to use tubular hollow
revolving_mandrils partially filled with water in the same way. Fig. 83 is a side
elevation and Fig. 84 an end elevation of a revolving-mandrel-and--bulbshown
partly in section the mandrel B having the square stem 132 on it for receiving the
bulb B the stem in this example is extended out further in a round form B
and a bulb nose piece B is placed upon it. This nose piece B is placed loosely
on the stem and is slightly smaller in diameter than the bulb B' and whilst the
bulb B' and the mandrel B revolve the bulb nose piece 17 when grasped by the
tube going over it does not revolve. The object of this is to prevent the slag from
the furnace when welding tubes from getting into the revolving bulb B'. Fig. 85
is a side elevation and Fig. 86 an end elevation of a revolving mandrel and bulb
with a tube a shown over it in section. The bulb B' is formed in this example oval
and when revolved at a very high speed and the tube passed over it or passed up a
tube at a slow speed it forms the tube notwithstanding its oval form quite round
and smooth internally this form being chiefly suitable for solid drawn tubes. This
form of mandrel and other forms where the rotundity of the mandrel is broken by
flutes or flats in proportion further reduces the frictional hold of the mandrel in the
tube being formed and drawn, and any of the ordinary fluted or flat sided forms of
tool wideners or mandrels revolved at high speeds are more or less suitable for
drawing tubes where the frictional resistance to longitudinal motion is desired to
be reduced to a very low degree. The slightly oval form hexagonal and triangular
forms are generally the most useful.
Fig. 87 is a side elevation and Fig. 88 an end elevation of a revolving mandrel B
with a bulb B₁ of a hexagonal form with a tube shown over it in section with a
part of the round of the bulb left between the flats with the corners smoothed off
and at a high speed this is a very effective mandrel.
Fig. 89 is a side elevation and Fig. 90 an end elevation of a revolving mandril B
and bulb B' of a triangular form with blunt corners smoothed off and portion of a
tube a shown in section over it.
Fig. 91 is a side elevation and Fig. 92 an end elevation of a revolving mandrel
with bulb B' of a taper form with a piece of tube shown in section over it suitable
for forming and welding taper tubes in a long die. This form may also be oval
hexagonal or otherwise shaped as just explained in connection with Figs. 85 to 90.
Fig. 93 is a side-elevation-and-Eig.-94_an_end elevation of a revolving mandrel B
and succession of bulbs B' on it suitable for skew rolls or a succession of stationary
or revolving dies or these combined. A piece of tube is shown over it in section.
Fig. 95 is a side elevation and Fig. 96 an end elevation of a mandrel similar to
that shown by Figs. 77 and 78 with a pair of drawing or welding rolls A placed
over it in working position and a piece of tube a placed in working position shown
in section. The arrows indicate the direction of mandrel rolls and tube. Fig. 97 is
a side elevation and Fig. 98 an end elevation of a revolving mandrel similar to that
shown by Figs. 77 and 78 with a bulbous or rounded die O over it and a piece of
tube and the die O shown in section and the tube a shown between the bulb and
die all in working position. The arrows indicate the direction of motion,

page_text: Fig. 99 is a side elevation and Fig. 100 an end elevation of a mandrel B and a
bulb B similar to that described in connection with Figs. 77 and 78 with a
revolving bulbous or rounded die P and a piece of tube a also in section shown
between the bulb and die in working positions. The die P is caused to revolve in
the opposite direction from that of the mandrel as indicated by the arrows,
Fig. 101 is a side elevation and Fig. 102 an end elevation of a revolving mandrel B
with two drawing bulbs with a tube a shown over them being partly shown in
section. The bulb B' being shown in working position between the pair of drawing
rolls A A and the second bulb B shown in working position with a revolving
bulbous or rounded die P fixed in it and actuated by a hollow mandrel B' through
which the mandrel B works in reverse direction. The motions of the mandrels
rolls and tube are as indicated by the arrows. Fig. 103 is a side elevation and
Fig. 104 an end elevation of a mandrel B having three bulbs formed on it
BBB having three successive pairs of drawing rolls A A A and tube a shown
in section correspondingly placed in working position cach pair of rolls as explained
in connection with Figs. 95 and 96 acting on the tube a. The motions of the
mandrel rolls and tube are as indicated by the arrows. Fig. 105 is a side elevation
and Fig. 106 an end elevation of a mandrel B having three drawing bulbs on it
B B B and placed in working position over each are three dies 0 0' 0*
respectively shown in section in Fig. 105 the tube also being shown in section.
The dies 0 0' 0 may be held stationary as explained in connection with
Figs. 97 and 98 or be made to revolve in the reverse direction of the mandrel
as explained in connection with Figs. 99 and 100. The motions are as indicated
by the arrows.
Fig. 107 is a side elevation and Fig. 108 an end elevation of a mandrel B having
in lieu of a bulb a taper part B' revolved inside a tube a shown in section over it
and a die O also shown in section in Fig. 107. In this example the mandril B
has formed on it a screw B" which is provided with a corresponding fixed nut B¹³
shown broken off, which while the mandrel is being revolved screws the taper
acting end B' of the mandrel backwards at a slow endwise motion while it revolves
quickly thereby as the tube a is drawn through the die O a gradually increasing
space between the mandrel B and the die O is obtained causing the tube a to be
drawn to a thicker gauge at the after end than its entering end or if the mandrel
is revolved in the opposite direction draws the tube thin at the after end. The
motions are as indicated by the arrows for drawing the tube thicker at the after
end. The tube a is shown being drawn from the skelp plate but with a small
degree of taper in the mandrel can be used for drawing solid drawn tubes thicker
at the one end than the other. The laper acting end B' of the mandrel may be
formed oval hexagonal triangular, or otherwise as well as round as shown and
explained in connection with Figs. 85 to 90 for bulbous mandrels.
Fig. 109 is a side elevation and Fig. 110 an elevation of a pair of skew
rolls A A for drawing through the tube a shown in section instead of ordinary
rolls as explained in connection with Figs. 95 and 96 having a mandrel B with six
bulbs B B B B B B' formed on it as explained in connection with Figs. 93
and 94 placed between the said skew rolls and shown acting on a tube a shown
in section between the rolls and the bulbs B₁ B¹ B' B' B₁ B' on the mandrel.
In this example the tube revolves and moves on end at the same time and is
drawn down over the bulbs. The mandrel either revolving in a reverse direction
as indicated by the arrows or revolving at a different angular speed from the tube,
or remaining stationary: the same action being obtained thereby as if the tube had
only had longitudinal motion and the mandrel as in the preceding examples
made to revolve. Fig. 111 is a side elevation and Fig. 112 an end elevation of a
similar pair of skew rollers A A combined with a bulbous or rounded die O and a
mandrel B. The skew rolls revolving the tube a, seen in action over the bulb B¹
placed in working position in the die O the action being thereby the same on the
tube as if the mandrel Band die O where revolved in reverse directions as explained
in connection with Figs. 99 and 100. The modification is suitable also for drawing

page_text: and finishing rods. The motion of the rolls and tube are as indicated by the
arrows.
Fig. 113 is a plan and Fig. 114 an end elevation of a long die O shown in
section in Fig. 113 with a tube a shown inserted into it for being drawn or welded
preferably made of cast iron and bored throughout in the solid form. This form
of-dic-can-only-be-used-for-hot-drawing. The contraction_of_the_metal_by_cooling
slacking sufficiently-after-being drawn to allow the tube to be withdrawn from the
lie O In cold-drawing-the-die-has-to-be-formed for opening up for the withdrawal
of-the-tube The-hot-skelp-for--welding is inserted into the die in an overlapped
and partially collapsed state-as-shown in Fig-114. The mandrel B is then revolved
swiftly and moved on end through the tube at the same time by suitable driving
gear expanding the tube a out and welding-it. The motion of the mandrel B
revolving is as indicated by the arrows. For welding purposes the die O may be
_kept_hot_by_an ignited jet or jets of combustible gas or otherwise.
.
Fig. 115 is a plan and Fig. 116 an elevation of a long taper die. The die and
the tube in Fig. 115 being shown in section. For welding taper tubes the skelp
is well overlapped and thrown into the die quickly and the mandrel revolved quickly
forward by frictional screw gear or otherwise and withdrawn without allowing the
revolving action of the mandrel B to cease which prevents the heated newly
welded tube from shrinking and binding itself on the mandrel. While the mandrel
and tube are out of the die O the die also may be kept hot by an ignited jet or
jets of combustible gas or otherwise. The screwing forward motion of the mandrel
is as indicated by the arrows. Fig. 117 is a side elevation and Fig. 118 an end
elevation of a set of four rolls for a bore or die A A A A shown partly broken off
with a revolving mandrel B and a bulb B¹ with a tube a partly shown in section
in working position between the rolls and bulb. The surfaces of the rolls have
shown a device engraved on them and a portion of that device is shown imparted
to the tube a that has been passed through the rolls. The revolving mandrel in
the various forms hereinbefore described is very advantageous for expanding out
tubes for embossing or indenting devices on their surfaces instead of the long
mandrels now usually used and saves the trouble and risk of unmandreling the
ornamented tube. The bulb B' on the revolving mandrel acting as described in
connection with Figs. 65 and 66 without motion on end.
Fig. 119 is a side elevation and Fig. 120 a plan of a set of ordinary rolls A A
for welding iron tubes with their housings C C and connecting gear for driving
the revolving mandril placed before a welding furnace and the furnace Z being
shown broken off. The mandril B and bulb B' shown applied is of the form
described by Figs. 79 and 80. The tube A is shown in section in Fig. 119 being
drawn out of the furnace Z by the Rolls over the bulb and mandrel. The mandrel
is driven from the Roll axis by the train of wheel gear F F F F F F F and
F the last pair of wheels F and F being' change wheels for changing speed and
power for different diameter of mandrels and diameter of tubes somewhat like the
change wheels of the cutting gear of a lathe F being the pinion keyed upon the
connecting spindle B₁ of the mandrel B to which the mandrel B is secured in a
square arbour B and readily disconnected.
Fig121-is-an-elevation_of_the_out_end_bracket C for supporting the driving
change wheel gear of the mandrel B-This bracket has an opening C in which
when the mandrel is disconnected from its driving spindle B" the mandrel B and
tube A when quite welded and delivered from the Rolls is caused to drop down in
the trough G by the folding hinged clearance bushes G' G' which support the
mandrel and tube-These bushes being folded down on their oscilating centres and
the welded tube A is then drawn off the mandrel through this opening in the
mandrel gear bracket C-The motion of the Rolls and gear are as indicated by the
arrows The Rolls housing trough and mandrel gear are shown on and affixed to
one soleplate L the whole being contracted in length by being broken off-In one
arrangement for forming or turning up metal tubes from the flat plate whether in
a hot or cold state or for welding iron and steel tubes at one heat direct from the

page_text: plate I use one pair of rolls of the ordinary form with the ordinary form of
housing having a horizontal axis and a pair of antifriction and skelping rolls
placed before and near to the main Rolls-The groove or die of this second pair of
turning up Rolls is somewhat larger than that of the main finishing Rolls or use
a bell mouth to form and nose the skelp and to release itself again when the skelp
enters the main Rolls-This releasing bell mouth to be hereinafter explained or I
use an ordinary permanent bell mouth to act in lien of the Rolls or ordinary folding
in "fingers to do in lieu of the Rolls which fingers are simply and readily
adjustable to any size of tube and I have found these for light tubes to do this part
of the work very well.
"
"
Fig: 122 is a plan and Fig: 123 a side elevation of a turning up or drawing
machine, and for welding iron and steel tubes-The mandrel B is driven from the
furnace side of the Rolls A. The mandrel B is of the form shown in Figs. 75 and
76 which for shaping and turning up purposes suits best and is driven by a similar
train of wheels gearing from the main Roll F F' F²º F³ F¹ F³ F and F the
housings C and C which are shown by Figs. 124 and 125 same as described and
same letters of reference used in connection with Figs. 119, 120, and 121 just
described, and need not be further described again. For clamping and leading
forward the plates at a speed about equal to the rolling speed of the Rolls A A a
short traversing clamp bench is provided with traversing plates led over octagonal
wheels connected to the mandrel gear on the ordinary clamp chain wheel draw
bench form, and are traversed forward over the wheels and back under the wheels
in the ordinary fashion. The plates H H H being U shaped and connected by links
like an ordinary clamp bench chain and the after chain plate wheel at the
entering end of the plate A about two thirds of the diameter of the mandrel below
the forward or delivering end of the line of plates providing thereby a traversing
U shaped channel for skelp plate A to enter seen in end elevation in Fig. 124.
Fig: 126 is an enlarged plan of one of these U shaped plates H.
Fig. 127 being a side elevation and Fig: 128 an end elevation-The internal
U shape being best seen in Fig: 128 which shows the mandrel B and the skelp
plate A at the delivering end of the plates in the U shaped cavity-They are also
provided with interchangeable U shaped pieces H-Fig. 129 for inserting and
fastened in by cotters for different sizes of mandrels and tubes-The flat and hot
plate A is led from the furnace D and entered at H", above the chain wheel 1' where
the plates H are about twice the thickness of the skelp plate below the mandrel B
and the top plate H moving forward in a slanting position whilst the mandrel B
revolves in a level position and gradually grasps and forms the skelp into a U shaped
form From the mandrel B being revolved in a state of cross motion to the endwise
motion of the plate and therefore with small resisting friction to its longitudinal
motion whilst the clamp plates have about all the friction of quiescence on the
skelp A-The skelp plates move forward becoming gradually in its course U shaped
and with considerable force passes through the antifriction rolls A8 and enters the
main rolls A and is thereby well formed or well shaped or if heated to a welding
heat welded The motion of the Rolls mandrel and the tube A and clamp plates
and gear are as indicated by the arrows. In using this machine for shaping or
skelping purposes and for these purposes only it is intended for this purpose to
form the mandrel B hollow or tubular and connect it to a tank of water by means
of a swivel joint and pipe at the pinion end F7 to keep the mandrel and bulb cool.
This machine will be advantageously employed by placing it in the rolling mill
where the plates are being rolled and enter the plates and pass them through this
machine, and from them into open jointed or unwelded tubes while the plates are
still hot from the rolls to avoid the necessity of reheating them.
:
Fig 130 is a side elevation and Fig. 131 a plan and Fig. 132 an end elevation
of suitable and compact gear for actuating revolving dies shown with a mandre!
with corresponding bulbs suitable for drawing benches-The mandrel B has formed
on it three bulbs B' B'B' and corresponding are three bulbous or rounded dies P
and P and O-The dies P and P¹ are placed in a hollow mandrel or spindle B°

page_text: similar to that described in connection with Figs. 101 and 102-These hollow
spindles seen in section in Fig: 131 have each of them cast on them a mitre wheel
F and F and are geared together by a third mitre wheel F which is keyed on the
spindle F on which the belt pulley F' is also keyed for giving motion to the
spindle and wheels which by these arrangements of gear communicate motion to
_the_hollow_mandrels Bº B" and to their respective dies P and P¹ in reverse directions
and which while it gives double-drawing-effect to the dies also tends to neutralise-
-the-tenderness_of_the_tube or rod A from turning round.
"
Fig.133 is an inside elevation of the spindle B and the dies P and P-which are
-held-in-their places by the stationary die O inserted between the dies P and P after
these are put in their places-The stationary die has formed on it a sole O' for
-being-fixed-by-to-the-main-sole-plate L-The motion of the tube mandrel and
wheels are as indicated by the arrows.
--Fig: 134 is a side elevation and Eig. 135 a plan and Fig. 136 an end elevation of
Screw gearing for a revolving mandrel-B-for-a-draw-bench-shown_drawing through
a tube A through a die O the tube A being shown in section. A bulb of the form
shown in Figs: 79 and 80 is shown being used and the mandrel B is screwed and
fitted with the nut B which in the front part is fixed into a boss to project into
the inside of the tube and on its after part B is made to project down into the
center of the bed plate L which is formed with a channel up its centre like the
bed of a common lathe to prevent the nut 13 from turning round. After the tube A
is entered through the die O the clam gland T seen in Fig. 136 is fixed over the
projecting piece of the mandrel nut B and on motion being communicated to the
mandrel B by the pulley F which is shown cast in one piece with the hollow
mandrel or spindle B to which the arbor is attached and into which the square
end of the mandrel is fixed-Motion is given to the Mandrel revolving the bulb B¹
and at the same time acting as the drawing screw for driving through the tube A
through the die-When the tube is entirely drawn through the die O the arbour
plate B is removed and the finished tube drawn out over the mandrel through the
hollow spindle of the pulley F-The motions are as indicated by the arrows.
Fig. 137 is a side elevation and Fig. 138 a front elevation of a revolving mandrel
placed in a vertical position and whilst being revolved also has imparted to it a
reciprocating motion on end by a crank-The mandrel may be hollow or of any of
the forms hereinbefore described. In this example a mandrel of the form of Figs: 75
and 76 is shown for drawing short tubes over a stationary die.
The reciprocating motion and gear of the bush B in which the mandrel B is fixed
on end and revolved is similar to that of the common slotting machine and motion
communicated to the mandrel B from the crank shaft F through the train of
wheels FFF" to the long pinion F7 keyed on the mandrel B.-The motions are
as indicated by the arrows although I have hereinbefore only shown these revolving
mandrel and dies acting in horizontal positions yet for short drawing and rolling
vertical or inclined positions particularly for short tubes and rods, as useful for
many purposes.
Fig 139 is a plan Fig. 140 an end elevation and Fig. 141 a side elevation of a
pair of Skew Rolls covered with ropes A and drawn tight on which the ordinary
arrangement for keeping rope covered Rolls tight for the purpose of drawing light
polished tubes and rods to obviate the liability of injuring their surfaces experienced
by the use of metallic surfaces in using Skew Rolls. It is also intended to use india-
rubber tyres for this purpose. Otherwise the Action of this modification is similar
to that described in connection with Figs. 111 and 112 and the same letters of
reference being used for like parts need not again be described. The motions are
as indicated by the arrows.
Fig. 142 is a plan and Fig. 143 an elevation of a pair of Skew Rolls A with a
mandrel B shown grasped between them--It is intended to use Skew Rolls and
frictional Rolls disposed in this way for giving motion to the revolving mandrels
-The motions are as indicated by the arrows.
On Sheet 4 of my drawings Fig. 144 is a side elevation and Fig. 145 a plan of

page_text: an ordinary clamp draw bench placed before a furnace Z in the ordinary way for lap
welding tubes in the ordinary die tongs or other die a revolving mandrel B and bulb
B' and shown fitted with a pulley F for actuating the mandrel B by a strap-The
mandrel is provided with detaching spindle B" and a square arbour as described
in connection with Figs: 119 and 120 in Sheet 2 of my drawings for allowing the
tube A when finished to be taken off the mandrel the same letters and numerals
referring to like parts are used and need not again be described. Instead of the
traversing clamping plates for seizing entering and partially clamping or shaping the
skelp and entering it into the rolls as described in connection with Figs. 122 and
123 a convenient mode of doing this is to make the mandrel move into the Rolls along
with the skelp plate by suspending it in a frame from the hanger of an overhead
driving shaft concentric or nearly concentric with the shaft on which the driving
pulley of the mandrel is fixed so that it shall correspond with it in position with
the small driving pulley on the revolving mandrel being driven from this pulley by
a half cross belt.
Fig 146 is a side elevation and Fig. 147 an end elevation and Fig. 148 a plan
of gearing for this arrangement which is best suited for light iron and steel tubes.
AA is a set of Rolls placed before a furnace X with a revolving mandret B and
of a form similar to that described in connection with Figs. 75 and 76 in sheet 3
of my drawings. It is set in a housing C₁ C and suspended by the malliable
iron bars N N N N which are bolted to a frame composed of two levers N¹ N
bound together by the cross stays N N². The levers N are bored out and fitted
a working fit on bosses formed on the hangers N N of the driving shaft N.
The driving belt pulley F" corresponding with the driving pulley F fixed on the
mandrel B and driven by a half crossed belt N shown passed over these pulleys
FF The levers N N being joined by the suspending bars N N N N is
bound together in a rigid frame and free to oscillate on the centres in the hollow
projecting bosses of the hangers N3 N-The housing C₁ (2 of the mandrel B and
its whole suspending frame composed of the parts enumerated is therefore free to
oscilate with no frictional resistance but the friction of the levers N' on the
hanger bosses N" and is therefore easily moved by hand-The position of the mandrel
B and suspending housing C₁ C and frame as shown holding the mandrel B in
working position between the Rolls A A which is shown with the tube passing
from the furnace Z through the Rolls. A hinged or oscillating bell mouth A8 is
shown for plying up the skelp A to cause it to enter the forming or welding
Rolls A. A. The oscillating frame and mandrel B remaining in the position
shown until the skelp is entirely passed through the Rolls A. A. when it is
again ready to commence the entering and the assisting to form a fresh skelp
into a tube. For this purpose the mandrel B with its housing and frame
described is swung back by hand towards the furnace until its central dotted
line and centre of frame and of the pulley F is back towards the
furnace until it assumes the position of the centre of the frame indicated
by the dotted line C C and the mandrel Bis drawn back out of the
Rolls A. A. in which position a fresh skelp nosed to enter the Rolls and to slip
on upon the front or bulb of the mandrel is again placed upon it ready to enter
the Rolls in drawing back the frames to the position indicated by the line C. C.
the oscillating bell mouth A is depressed correspondingly by the rod No con-
necting it to the end of the lever N₁ seen in Figs. 146 and 147 which allows the
mandrel to pass back freely and again forward with the fresh skelp upon it but
which the bell mouth A gradually grasps sufficiently to guide in the tube to the
Rolls as the frame with the mandrel B is swung forward by the hand into its
position between the Rolls. For this arrangement of forming and welding tubes it
is an advantage to have the skelp plate partially formed or turned up into a U
shape for rigidity in the furnace for heating and for ease of entering the bell mouth
As and Rolls A. A.
Fig. 149 is a side elevation Fig: 150 a plan and Fig. 151 an end elevation of an
arrangement for heating metal tubes skelps or plates by ignited inflammable gas in

page_text: conjunction with dies or Rolls and a revolving mandril-A set of rolls A. A.
shown in section provided with a revolving mandrel and bulb B' is shown in working
position between the Rolls with a skelp or tube A also shown in section passing
over it The heating cavity Z' of the Gas furnace Z seen also in section in Figs149and
150 with a skelp A in it-The skelp A extending backwards from the Rolls also
-shown-in-section-passing-through-the-cavity-Z-the-channel-Z-being shown_formed
of baked clay-pipes-set-in-brickwork Z-Fig: 151 being an external end elevation
giving an end view of the skelp-A-in-the-heating-cavity-Z-The Gas used may be
carburetted-hydrogen gas-and-mixture of air or carbonic oxide gas and mixture of
air or the oxyhydrogen blow pipe or other gas or gasses and may be applied in
various ways-The advantages by the revolving mandrel over the ordinary
stationary mandrels for soldering and welding by heating by gas or gases-is very
important for the reason that in welding over a stationery mandrel a minimum of
above five hundred feet_circumferential speed per minute is necessary before the
heated skelp can be passed over the bulb between the Rolls. The general conditions
of welding over the stationary mandrel being that the higher the speed of the Rolls
the better and the less is the resisting friction to the passage of the tube and so
quick must be the speed of the Rolls and tube A that heating by gas in this way is
too slow for the speed of the' Rolls welding over a stationery mandrel and therefore
useless but by the use of the revolving mandrel the slower the speed of the Rolls the
less is the resisting friction to the tube passing over the welding or soldering bulb B¹
and therefore the tube can in this way be sufliciently heated at a slow forward
motion and the process of soldering or welding by gas in this way becomes easily
practicable. A pipe D with gas ignited is shown playing into the heating cavity Z'
but more of these may be inserted and at different points in the length of the
heating cavity Z' which for long plates may be made very long to give time for
utilizing the heat of the gas-A pipe Z with gas ignited is shown playing on the
joint to be soldered or welded immediately before it enters the Rolls-The motions
of the mandrel Rolls and tube A are as indicated by the arrows. Instead of the
Rolls being placed in horizontal axis their axis may be vertical and for soldering a
revolving or stationery die in lieu of the Rolls well for some soldering purposes be
an advantage. To obtain quick heating action for plates and skelps in the forming
and welding of malleable iron tubes is of much advantage and the ordinary
methods of heating and entering these into Rolls and dies generally retard ordinary
arrangements and processes of skelping and welding as well as the improved
arrangements for forming or skelping and welding tubes hereinbefore described and
for greater facility for rolling and drawing tubes my improved arrangements for
the part of my Invention are to move and traverse the Rolls or dies before the
furnace so as to be more accessable to and give greater breadth of furnace heating
chamber floor space and for a number of skelps being heated at a time without
disturbing them until they are ready to be withdrawn-My improvements for this
purpose also consisting of the converse of this. The furnace itself caused to move on
a carriage to present to the Rolls or dies extended furnace floor heating space and
arrangements to bring the heated tube readily straight before the Rolls or dies in a
minimum expenditure of time. The invention of moving the Rolls and furnace this
way being about-accessory-advantages-as-well-in withdrawing the tubes off the
mandrels and economy of floor space and as well as economy in time and expense
in getting the work done-Fig: 152 is a side elevation and Fig. 153 a plan of a
pair of Rolls A A with housing C and C' shown with connecting gear and gear for
working a revolving mandrel although it is also part of my Invention to traverse in
the way explained. Welding Rolls and dies without revolving mandrels: The Roll
housings C Rolls A A trough G with the revolving mandrel and gear in one
frame shown are placed on the base plate L to have fixed on it the V shaped
anularly grooved swivel plate L', and the segmental rail plate L for the carrying
wheels L L for supporting the Roll housing C and so provides the housing C and
trough G with the gear shown in one frame to oscillate the Rolls horizontally
before either of the furnaces Z and Z' which are placed at about the usual distance

page_text: before the Rolls. The centre of the mandrel and Rolls instead of being as shown
standing between the furnaces to be swivelled round to the position of the dotted
line e. f. or g. h. in which position they would be placed suitably for withdrawing
and welding a tube from these respective furnaces Z and Z-The Rolls are drawn
by a vertical F which by preference as driving power is coupled to a pair of
reversing steam engines-This shaft F has keyed on it the level wheel F' gearing
into the wheel F2 and after it communicating motion to the Rolls through the train
of wheels F F F the horizontal shaft FS of the wheel F3 extending back to the
other end of the trough G having keyed on it the change wheel F" and the mandrel
arbour spindle B" The change pinion F for giving motion to the revolving
mandrel a horizontal shaft F connected with the reversing driving engines and
adapted to detach and connect and reverse at pleasure has keyed on it the level
pinion F6 which gears into a wheel F" fixed to the oscillating frame composed of
the housing C trough G and thereby can be oscilated at pleasure to either furnace
as indicated and on receiving and welding a tube from it thereafter oscilated into
the central position shown and on reversing the motion of the welding Rolls A. A
discharge the welded tube back through the rolls A. A. quickly into the V channel
trough plate Q and save the trouble of uncoupling the mandrel B by detaching the
mandrel This oscilating arrangement of the Rolls thereby makes the Rolls weld
tubes from both furnaces Z and Z and by discharging the tube back through the
Rolls the bulb B₁ being previously by preference taken off. Time and floor
space are saved as the space alongside of the furnace is not available for
the setting of appliances for finishing the work readily. The action of the
welding process is as described in connection with Figs: 119 and 120 on
Sheet 3 of my Drawings and the directions of the motions are as indicated
by the arrows. Fig. 154 is a side elevation and Fig. 155 a plan and Fig. 156
an end elevation of a set of welding rolls, the same as described in connection
with Figs. 119, 120 and 121 on Sheet 3 of my drawings but here set upon a sole
plate carriage L on carriage wheels and rails for being traversed before an ordinary
heating or welding furnace Z having a great breadth of heating floor for a number
of skelps to be heated at a time and corresponding extending breadth of drawing Z
for the insertion and withdrawal of the tubes from the furnace-The carriage sole.
plate is provided with four flanged carriage wheels L, L, L, L which are placed
on the rails L-Attached to the carriage for traversing are the toothed racks L L
which gear into the corresponding toothed wheels keyed upon the shaft L which
is connected to the driving reversing main engines and by them can be readily
through this gear conveniently traversed to any point before the furnace to receive
the heated skelps and the centre of the Rolls moved out from opposite the furnace
altogether to the V conc Q after the tube has passed through the Rolls on to the
mandrel and by reversing the driving steam engines take the welded tube A off
the mandrel quickly by passing it back through the Rolls on to the V shaped
cone Qin the same way as explained in connection with Figs. 152 and 153. The
welding rolls A A are actuated through the wheel F alike at any point of the
course of traverse of the supporting carriage L on its rails L" by the long toothed
pinion F18 seen in Fig. 156 and which is keyed on a shaft F1 connected to the
driving coupled reversing engines. Otherwise, the driving wheel gear for the Rolls
and mandrel is the same as described in connection with Figs. 119 and 120 in
Sheet 3 of my drawings-Fig. 157 is a side elevation of Fig. 158 a plan and
Fig. 159 an end elevation of a traversing carriage 1 for being traversed before a
furnace D in the same way as just described in connection with Figs. 154, 155
and 156 but instead of Ralls the Carriage, has mounted on it: two ordinary clamp
draw benches with chain wheels and chains and gear for being alternately wrought
the one bench drawing a tube while the other is getting the tube taken off it and
prepared for another tube being drawn on it and while it is being traversed back
to the position required before the furnace the other draw back is put in a position
for having the tube drawn off and thereby saves time and secures greater case in
working the draw benches are of the ordinary fashion for drawing with ordinary:

page_text: dies or with my improved revolving mandrels and dies-Motion is communicated
from the long driving wheel Fis which is keyed on an underground shaft con
nected to a main steam engine. This long wheel F18 gears into the wheel F
keyed in the chain wheel shaft FS which is the driving shaft of both the chain
wheels. Between the two benches is the platform L for the workmen standing
upon for attending to both benches in turn. The carriage is mounted on the flange
wheels EL E placed-on-the-rails--which-have-toothed-racks-cast_on_the
side of them into which the toothed wheel- L keyed upon the shaft, I which is
connected with and driven by the level wheel clutch reversing motion - actuated.
from the sharft L and wrought by the handle L extending over the workmens
platform The welded finished tubes may be taken off at the sides of the furnace Z
-at-the-positions indicated by the tubes A' A². The motions are as indicated by the
arrows.
Eig. 160 is a side elevation-Fig. 161 an end elevation and Fig. 162 a plan of a
carriage--traversed-before-a-furnace Z having placed upon it a long die of the form
described in connection with Figs. 113, 115 and 116 in sheet 3 of my drawings
and a mandrel B actuated by a pair of Skew Rolls A A as described in connection
with Figs. 142 and 143 also on sheet 3 of my drawings. The carriage is the same
as that just described in connection with Figs. 157, 158 and 159 and the letters of
reference and numerals referring to like parts and need not be otherwise described―
the main difference being that from the carriage being light the rack wheel shaft L'
is actuated by a small toothed pinion L by a handle L20-The carriage also is
placed on the curved rails L' L' and the pulley F7 actuated by a belt from an
overhead shaft N the centre of which is concentric with the curvature of the
curved rails L' on which the carriage L is placed and therefore maintains the same
driving taut in whatever position the carriage may be placed before the furnace Z-
The carriage like the others just described may be traversed to the one side of the
furnace and the tube after being welded withdrawn as indicated by the tube A.
The mendril B with its bulb B' is shown driven by a pair of Skew Rolls which
while they revolve it also moves it forward through the skelp or tube in the die O.
It is as explained driven by the belt pulley F through the ordinary gear of skew
Rolls as shown.
Fig. 163 is a side elevation and Fig. 164 a plan of a furnace with a great breadth
of heating floor and mounted on a strong carriage and four rails and two flanged
wheels rolling on each rail for heating skelps and traversing the doorway D' before
a pair of welding Rolls A A through which the skelps a aa aa a are with-
drawn. The drawing Z being seen in Fig. 163 four girders Z Z Z Z arc
fitted with flanged carriage wheels roll upon the rails 1 and support a strong
bottom trough on which the brickwork is built. The arrangement of the brick-
work and binding plates and stays are of the ordinary kind up to the port Z
where the waste gases escape terminate in a cylindrical horizontal opening Z
opening out towards the chimney Z shown broken off. On the chimney Z is
fixed an iron tube Z1° lined with brickwork which forms a working fit for the
horizontal or traverse opening in the furnace Z fits and conveys the waste
gases to the chimney as indicated by the arrows in whatever position the
furnace is placed upon its rails L' the course and range of the furnace traverse
being seen by the dotted lines f˜gsuited-to-the breadth of furnace floor and door-
way. The furnace can be traversed by rack wheel gearing as described for tra-
versing. The Roll carriage in connection with Figs. 154 and 155 or other means
hydraulic cylinders being very suitable for effecting the requisite traverse quickly.
Fig. 165 is an end elevation and Fig. 166 a plan of a modification of the long
die O shown applied in connection with Figs. 160. 161 and 162 formed in halves
for opening and getting in the skelp and out the finished tube again readily when
being drawn. Hinged together by the joint snugs and pins 02 02 and placed on
the brackets 03 03 which have curved arms extending over the die and terminating
in the bushes for the cross shaft O' and which is in vertical line with the joint pin
smugs 0³ formed on the upper and opening moving half of the die. On the cross

page_text: shaft 0 the links 0 are keyed extending out in the lever ends 0 to which are
attached the links 0 which as shown is in line with each other and therefore
secures the halves together while in that position which is the position in which
the tube is drawn or welded or expended-When the tube A is finished the lever 07
is drawn down and the upper half of the die O opened out as indicated by the
dotted lines and the finished tube thereby easily taken out.
On sheet 5 of my drawings Fig. 167 is a side sectional elevation and Fig. 168
an external front elevation of a pair of ordinary expanding bore or taper tube
Rolls A. A. with their housings C. C. Fig. 167 showing a mandrel taper bulb B' and
skelp a partially welded and partly through the rolls A A the position also being
that shown in end elevation by Fig. 168-Fig. 169-and Fig. 170 show the position
of the Rolls and mandrel its taper bulb when the tube has been welded and is
completed. The revolutions of the mandrel as the tube passes through commencing
with the small end of the skelp is regulated on through the screwed nut B to canse
the degree of taper to correspond with the degree of tapering action in the Rolls and
from the revolving mandrel suiting a slow rate of welding Roll speed the revolving
mandrel is very advantageous for this process-The skelp is formed U shaped as
shown by Fig. 171 before it is heated to enter the Rolls.
Fig 172 is a side elevation Fig. 173 a plan and Fig. 174 an end elevation of a
screw draw bench and with a revolving mandrel and revolving die analogous in the
headstock and due to that described in connection with Figs: 15, 16, 17 and 18 on
Sheet of my drawings for drawing wire and rods and the reference letters
referring to like parts. The headstock E carries the hollow dead spindle D which
has fixed on it a stationery bulbous or rounded die O to take down the tube A
being drawn slightly. The revolving housing C revolving upon the dead hollow
spindle D carries a central revolving die P and a revolving mandril B actuated and
revolved in the opposite direction from that of the revolving die P by the belt
pulley F on the spindle B" and connected to the square socket or arbour B. The
tube A is pushed in through the gurde dies O and O' and in through the revolving
die P and over the bulb B₁ thereafter the fixing gland T is fastened on it placed on
the saddle T' to which the gland T is fixed and is actuated by the long screw T
which is actuated by the wheels F F and draws the saddle T along the planed
bed and the tube A over the screw hung mandrel and through the revolving
and stationery dies seen in end elevation in Fig. 175-the motions being as indi-
cated by the arrows. The bed and gear is broken off short.
Fig 176 is a side elevation, Fig. 177 a plan partly in section Fig. 178 a front
elevation and Fig. 179 a back elevation of an arrangement for working a revolving
die and revolving mandrel for securing easy means of entering the tube to be
drawn into the die and over the bulb as well as for drawing a long tube by a
short drawing screw. A driving shaft F has placed upon it a pinion F which
gears into a wheel F has placed upon it a pinion F which gears into a wheel F
which revolves the mandrel B and the bulb B" and a long pinion F¹s also placed
upon the driving shaft F gears into a wheel F fixed upon the hollow mandrel B
and which is revolved by it-The hollow mandrel and the rounded die P' being
similar to that described in connection with Fig. 101 on Sheet 3 of my drawings.
Both pinions F and F1s are placed loosely on the driving shaft F but are placed so
that either can be connected to be driven by the clutch F wrought by the
levers and arranged so that while it drives the one pinion the other pinion
holds fast the wheel with which it gears-The tube A may be first entered over
the bulb to be drawn down externally by the revolving die P as shown in section
in Fig: 177 and when so entered the clutch F is thrown in gear with the long
pinion F and the revolving die being revolved through the wheel F and hollow
spindle B being revolved in the headstock bush Eand at the same time screwed
forward by the screw B" formed on the mandrel B the die P revolves and assumes
theposition indicated by the dotted lines P-The die Ppassing freelyover this portion
of the tube while from being in a state of cross motion and drawing it down the tube
being held by the quescent friction of the bulb B' at the same time and held fast

page_text: by the bulb B being kept stationery-When this part of the process is accom-
plished the clutch with the revolving mandrel B' and the die P and the
clutch F thrown in gear with the wheel F which drives and revolves the
mandrel B and bulb B-The die P has now the full hold of quiescent friction on
the tube and holds it fast while the mandrel now in turn is in a state of cross
--motion-and-assumes-again-its original-position-leaving-the-tube-the_length_of_the
bulb drawn through-a-distance-about- equal to the length of the bulb B' as shown
ready for a fresh hold. Thus by alternately revolving and holding-fast-now the
mandrel B and bulb B and now the die-P and alternately also revolving the
mandrel and the die the tube is drawn through.
The motion of the tube is as indicated by the arrows.
Fig: 180 is a side elevation partly in section Fig: 181-a-plan-and-Fig. 182-an-
end elevation of a hydraulic draw bench adapted for drawing thick annular solid
-billets-of-metal_in_a_hot_or_cold state into tubes under the joint effect of great
pressure and the relieving action from longitudinal friction of the revolving mandrel
to the passage of the tube over the bulb. The Hydraulic Cylinder Y with the
reversing ram Y¹ is fitted and bolted on a strong sole plate 1. and a strong cylinder
O is also fitted and bolted to the sole plate L-Y is a strong stay fitted into a snug
formed on the hydraulic cylinder Y and 0 and 0" are strong snugs on the die
cylinder O through which the stay also is passed and strongly cottered both to
the die cylinder O and the hydraulic cylinder Y thus binding these cylinders
together in a strong structure to withstand great inside end pressure like the frame
of a Bramah Press or an ordinary hydraulic lead and tin pipe tube drawing machine-
The annular or tubular billet of metal a from which the tube A' has to be forced
out from a drawn out form is seen placed in the die cylinder 0 To enter it into
this die cylinder O the cylinder 0 is provided with a removable breach pine 07
which is hinged and secured upon the end of the strong stay Y at its top end and
when in working position secured by the strong snug L formed on the sole plate
I but adapted to be swung aside on its hinged top and for the insertion of the
annular tubular billet of metal a into the die cylinder 0 a verul O is placed on
the cylinder behind it and a dead mandrel 0° pushed in loosely through both this
verule and up through the billet a to its inside end. Thereafter the verule 08 and
billet a to its inside end-Thereafter the verule 08 and billet a to its inside end-
thereafter the verule Of and billet a are secured against motion in the direction of
the bottom end of this die cylinder O by the breach piece Of being swung into
position shown but leaving the dead mandrel 0" free to move on end all as shown.
A strong revolving ram mandrel B with a bulb B is shown resting on the billet of
metal and extending back to the ram of the hydraulic cylinder Y and pivotted
in a step bush in the top of the ram Y. A wheel F is shown keyed on the ram
mandrel B gearing into a long driving toothed pinion F" seen in end elevation in
Fig. 183 which is keyed upon and actuated by the shaft F. Thus arranged on for-
ward motion being given to the hydraulic ram Y' and revolving motion also given
to the ram mandrel B and bulb B through the wheels F and F from the shaft F
the annular or thick tubular billet of metal by the joint action of great pressure
from the ram Y and relief from longitudinal friction afforded by the revolving of
the mandrel is forced out-in-a-thin-tube-a as-indicated by the arrows. When the
tube a is fully drawn or passed out the action or motion of the hydraulic ram Y
is reversed sufficiently to relieve the breach piece O' and it is thereafter pushed
aside clear of the bore of the die cylinder 0 and on forward motion being again
given to the hydraulic ram Y the verule 08 is pushed out and the finished tube A
taken out. The hydraulic cylinder and ram is of the ordinary reversible action
from and need not be more accurately described.
Fig. 184 is a sectional elevation of a die cylinder O adapted for being wrought by
pressure or hydraulic power as described in connection with Figs. 180 to 183 having
a hollow revolving mandrel a ram B and hollow bulb or die P revolved along
with the mandrel or ram acting on an annular billet a is shown placed around a
fixed or dead mandrel O fixed on the bottom of the cylinder inside the cylinder the

page_text: finished tube A passing as shown up the hollow ram 13° as indicated by the arrows.
The arrow on the ram also indicates the direction of its motion.
Fig. 185 is a similar arrangement of die cylinder 0 and mandrel A to that just
described but in which the cylinder O is revolved instead of the hollow mandrel B'
as described in connection with Fig. 184. The motion of the cylinder and tube
being indicated by the arrows.
Fig. 186 is a sectional side elevation and Fig. 187 an end elevation of a similar
die cylinder O to those just described in connection with Figs. 184 and 185 but in
which the revolving mandrel B has secured on it very firmly the bulb B' by a screw
nut and the mandrel and the bulb pulled through the bottom of the cylinder against
the annular billet of metal a while it is revolved in the verule O-The motion of
the mandrel and finished part of the tube A' is as indicated by the arrows.
Fig; 188 is a side sectional elevational of a cylinder O fitted with a revolving
mandrel and hollow ram B wrought by hydraulic or other power combined with a
pair of ordinary grooved die Rolls for forming the bottom bore of the cylinder which
is contracted a little on each side at the bottom end of the bore to suit the breadth
of the groove of the Rolls-The revolving Rolls forming the tube externally. The
ram B in this example only presses forward the annular billet a to assist the
Rolls A A and the revolving mandrel B to draw down the billet a-This modifi-
cation being a combination of the die cylinder O with the Rolls A A and revolving
mandrel B-the motion of the Rolls mandrel and tube are as indicated by the
arrows. The combining of the revolving mandrel with Rolls and level discs in a
revolving housing to act and roll out the tube internally is applied very similarly in
Rolls and dies as the soled surface mandrels hereinbefore described and have
advantages particularly for large tubes not possessed by the solid revolving mandrels
being more easily revolved and have the advantage in the case where they are
employed in long dies and in Rolls of a self feeding or screwing forward motion or
of a moving forward motion and by reversing action a forward and backward
motion to the tube placed in the Rolls. Also in some of the modifications a facility for
expanding their acting diameter and are better suited for some classes of tubes for
welding embossing and producing ornamentation on the tubes than ordinary
mandrels particularly in long dies. I am aware that a revolving housing analogous
to some modifications of this housing shall explain has been used for making
joints in boilers and other vessels at the ends of tubes but this part of my invention
is the application of these to the forming shaping welding drawing and finishing
of tubes in Rolls and dies.
Fig. 190 is a side elevation Fig. 191 a sectional end elevation and Fig. 192 an
end elevation of a mandrel B and a bulb Roll revolving housing and skew Rolls-
There are three used in this example seen in section through the centre of the Rolls
lengthwise in Fig. 191 and in end view externally in Fig. 192. The bulb revolving
housing is also in section in Fig. 191 showing three longitudinal connecting parts
joining the two ends of the bulb housing B' and the recesses for the Roll A A
showing also in Figs. 191 and 192 an end elevation of a long die O and tube
inserted in it to be operated upon for which class of die this form of revolving
mandrel and bulb are well suited.
In Figs. 193, 194 and 195 this form of mandrel is shown applied in a long die-
The mandrel B and bulb housing B being drawings to a small scale of the bulb Roll
housing described in connection with Figs. 190, 191 and 192 the mandrel B has a
square feather slot in it throughout its length and is placed in the hollow revolving
spindle F and revolved by the pulley F. The die O is shown placed before a
furnace and a skelp as shown in Fig. 194 being drawn into the die O out of the
furnace Z-In Fig. 193 the revolving bulb housing B' is shown in section acting
on the skelp and a portion of it being expanded out and welded--The skelp is
well overlapped and reduced thereby considerably in diameter for ease for pushing
in the die as seen in end elevation in Fig. 195 but in which state it is readily
expanded out by the screwing action of the rolls A A A in the bulb as it draws its
way through To keep the die O warm and to diminish the cooling action of the

page_text: die on the skelp a pipe 03 in Fig. 194 is shown for conveying inflamable gas for
igniting inside the cylinder to keep it warm and by preference to play on the part
to be welded several of these jets may be used in a long die-Hot air from the
furnace may also be blown in from the furnace in lieu of inflameable gas-For
welding strong-steel-or iron tubes it will generally be an advantage to use the
modification of this die explained in connection with Figs. 165 and 166-on-Sheet-4-
of my drawings-The contraction of the tube by cooling which takes place quickly
allows the tube to be easily withdrawn when finished from the "die 0-Instead of
driving the mandrel B-and-its-revolving housing bulb B' by a hollow spindle and
feather slot as just explained it will be generally most convenient to drive it by
frictional Rolls as explained-in-connection-with-Eigs. 142 and 143 on sheet 3 of my
drawings.
Fig. 196 is a side elevation and Fig. 197 an end elevation of a revolving housing
mandrel B' having two level discs A A-placed-in-it-analogous to these described
in connection with Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18 on sheet of my drawings a tube A
and portion of a long die O is shown in section around over the tube and bulb
housing Bevel discs have the advantage of the internal surface of the tube than
the skew rolls hereinbefore described the same reference letters and numerals arc
used for like parts as in the revolving housing bulb mandrels. The directions of the
motions are as indicated by the arrows. By placing the axes of the discs A to
the axis of the mandrel as shown the requisite degree of screwing forward motion
is obtained.
Fig. 198 is a side elevation and Fig. 199 an end elevation of a revolving housing
bulb B with three rolls A A A suited for large sizes of tubes shown in section in
Fig. 199 inside a tube a the working parts are the same in form and the same
letters of reference used to them as to that described in connection with Figs. 190
191 and 192 and need not be further described-the motions are as indicated by
the arrows Figs. 200 is a side clevation and Fig. 201 an end elevation of a
revolving bulb housing B in which four skew rolls A A A A are employed the
axis being overhung. This arrangement of revolving bulbs is more easily constructed
than those described in connection with Figs. 190 to 199 and possesses better
convenience for changing the Rolls A and in large revolving bulbs the number of
the Rolls may with advantage be greatly increased.
The same reference letters and numerals referring to like parts as in the revolving
bulbs described in connection with Figs. 190 to 195 and not be farther described.
The arrows indicate the direction of motion of the several parts.
Fig. 202 a side elevation and Fig. 203 an end elevation of a revolving bulb
housing B for shaping drawing or welding taper tubes shown with a taper formed
long die O and a tube A with A in section over it-There are six Rolls A A A
A A A shown employed in this bulb B' in two lengths alternately placed in the
bulb with their ends overlapping each other to give greater resisting strength seen
in Fig. 202. Their relative positions to each other being shown in Fig. 203 the
smaller Rolls at the small end of the housing being shown by dotted lines. The
Rolls A are formed taper in the same proportion as the die O is formed in which the
tube A to be drawn-is-placed--Otherwise the general arrangement is the same as
described in connection with Figs. 190 and 191 and the same letters of reference
and numerals referring to like parts need not be further described-The mode of
revolving and working the mandrel for this modification is the same as described in
connection with Fig: 115 and 116 in sheet 3 of my drawings-Fig. 204 is a side
elevation and Fig. 205 an end elevation of a bulb revolving housing B' shown
with a mandrel B bolted on to the bulb-This modification of the bulb is more
particularly adapted for drawing solid copper brass or other solid metallic tubes
and is adapted to expand and to pass through the tube several times for drawing and
smoothing it by successive expansions as it is passed through the tube operated
upon There are three Rolls A. A A employed and their dispositions and form arc
very similar to those described in connection with Figs. 190 and 191 but they are
shown rolling on a taper roll or.boss A formed on a long central spindle A" which
works in the hollow boss of the bulb B¹ indicated by the dotted lines seen in Fig. 204

page_text: Beyond the boss A" towards the out end of the bulb this spindle has formed upon
it a screw in which are fitted a screw nut and jam nui A which by screwing or
drawing along the taper boss or central Roll A on which the other Rolls A À A
mainly rest and expand them out by tightening up these nuts A at each fresh
passage of the bulb B'. through a tube the tube is thereby correspondingly
additionally expanded. The motions are as indicated by the arrows.
Fig. 206 is a side elevation and Fig. 207 an end elevation of a tube revolving
roll housing bulb B' similar in form to that just described in connection with
Figs. 204 and 205 so far as the action of the Rolls on each other are therein
explained but in this example the central boss or Roll A on which the three Rolls
A A A rest and roll which act directly on the tube and resist the pressure of the
tube mainly in this example is an extension of the revolving mandrel B which
revolves in bearings a working fit in the bulb housing B1 and at a higher angular
motion or speed than the housing bulb B. The Rolls being driven by frictional
contact on the central spindle A and the Rolls A A A carrying round the
housing B. In large size tubes, revolving bulbs of this form and the form described
in connection with Figs. 204 and 205 the number of the Rolls A may be increased
with advantage and both forms are well suited for being formed taper for forming
or drawing taper tubes.
Fig: 208 is an elevation of an opening long die O shown broken off similar in
construction with that shown and described in connection with Figs. 165 and 166
on Sheet 4 of my drawings-It is shown opened up and shows a design for the
ornamentation of tubes. These revolving mandrels particularly those first
described composed of Rolls and Bevel Discs on a revolving housing bulb are of
much advantage applied to ordinary dies in the way explained for this purpose.
Fig. 209 is a side elevation and Fig. 210 a plan of a pair of Rolls A A placed
in housings C. C. and a mandrel B set in between the Rolls A carried by the
housings C C with six belt pulleys F in the usual arrangement and positions for
being wrought by an open and by a cross belt for producing reversing action. The
mandrel B and its bulb B' seen by the dotted lines in Fig. 209 requiring in this
application and modification of these revolving mandrils to be alternately reversed
in the direction of their rotation. For rolling and drawing tubes by the expansion
of the bulb B at successive passages of the tube through the Roll. The form of
mandrel bulb B₁ used is that described in connection with Figs: 204 and 205
being generally most suitable for brass copper steel or other metal solid drawn
tubes. A tube is shown between the Rolls and over the mandrel. The form of
bulb B described having a frictional screwing action on the internal surface of the
tube and by motion given to it in one direction to draw inwards toward the
Pulleys F the tube in turn in this example giving motion to the large Rolls A A
by its frictional contact on them the tube is entered and passes on upon the
mandrel B as indicated upon the tube a by the arrow in Fig. 209 until the after
end is at the centre of the Rolls A and at the centre of the bulb B-At this stage
of the process the rotation of the mandril is stopped and the expanding nuts A
seen in Fig. 204 tightened up and the Rolls A A A in the housing bulb B¹
correspondingly expanded the motion of the mandril is then reversed and the tube
caused to move back through the Rolls A, A. in the main housing C in the reverse
direction and at each successive traverse the nuts A tightened up and the bulb
Rolls A. A. A correspondingly expanded out until the tube is drawn to the thick-
ness or gauge required.
Having thus particularly described my said invention and the manner in which
the same is performed I have to state that what I believe to be novel and original
and claim as the invention secured to me by the hercinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is :-
1st Drawing Rolling straightening and smoothing wires rods bars and tubes
by rolls and level discs in a revolving housing such rolls and level discs having
motion transmitted to them by frictional contact on or with the objects they
operate upon all substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: 2nd Drawing and smoothing wires rods and tubes by dies to which a
revolving or cross surface motion is given when the article operated upon has
imparted to it a longitudinal motion only substantially as set forth.
3rd Grinding and polishing wires rods and tubes by a rotating wheel carried in
a revolving housing in such manner that the former is caused to act on the said
wires rods or tubes as they pass or are passed through the apparatus substantially
as described
4th The straightening_of_bars_of_irregular section such as railroad rails by rolls
set in a revolving-housing-acting-on-cylindrical_cases or dies encircling the bars
being operated on-substantially as set forth.
5th Constructing stationary skew-straightening roll housings with single ended
pivot bearings substantially as set forth.
6th Shaping rolling drawing-and-finishing-tubes-by-rolls dies and mandrels
the mandrel having imparted to it a motion of rotation independent of the tube so
_as:lo effect cross motion between the surfaces substantially as set forth.
7th Shaping rolling drawing and fishing tubes-by-rolls-dies-and-mandrels_
when the said tubes have a motion of rotation imparted to them independent of the
mandrel so as to effect cross motion between the surfaces substantially as set.
forth.
8th Drawing and smoothing rods and tubes by means of a smooth die or
finishing tool when a motion of rotation or cross service motion and also a motion
of translation is imparted to the said rods or tubes substantially as set forth.
9th Shaping welding drawing and finishing tubes by means of a hollow
containing die and a mandrel passed through the tube blank or tube such mandrel
having a motion of translation and also a motion of rotation or cross surface
motion on its longitudinal axis substantially as set forth.
10th Drawing smoothing and finishing tubes by giving to tube blanks or tubes
a motion of translation and also a motion of rotation or cross surface motion
thereby forcing them into contact with a die and mandrel either of both of which
are stationery or have a motion of rotation imparted to them in the opposite
direction to the motion of the said tube blanks or tubes or a motion of rotation at
a different surface speed substantially as set forth.
11th Shaping welding drawing and finishing tube blanks or tubes by means
of rolls dies and mandrels or apparatus arranged and operated in any manner
hereinbefore described when the said apparatus is mounted on movable mechanism
adapted to bring the die opposite the blank or tube in the heating furnace
substantially as set forth.
12th Shaping welding drawing and finishing tube blanks or tubes by means of
apparatus arranged and operated as hereinbefore claimed when the heating
furnace is made movable so as to bring the blank or tube opposite to the apparatus
substantially as set forth.
13th Shaping welding drawing and finishing tube blanks or tubes by means
of a mandrel provided with rolls dies or free revolving pieces which roll on the
interior of the tube blanks or tubes substantially as set forth.
14th In the shaping of tube blanks the mechanism for feeding sheets and
giving them the required form illustrated by Figs. 122 to 129 inclusive or any
mechanism-having-equivalent-motion--substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof the said James Robertson have hereunto set my hand
and seal the twenty-first day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy nine.
JAMES ROBERTSON. (L.S.)
JAMES ROBERTSON. (L.s.)