Improvements in Metal Soil and other Pipes, and in Methods and Apparatus for Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
"
Improvements in Metal Soil and other Pipes, and in Methods and
Apparatus for Manufacturing the same.
We, DOUGLAS GEORGE BRIGITTON, of 11, Huntsmoor Road, Wandsworth, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, and FREDERICK GEORGE BATE, of 55 & 56, Chan-
cery Lane, in the County of London, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the
nature, of this invention to be as follows
The corrosive action of chemical fumes on iron pipes is well known, and there-
fore lead pipes are mostly used for all purposes in chemical works.
Lead pipes, however, require to be of great thickness, to withstand the wear
and tear that they are subjected to, which entails great expense in their installa-
tion, besides which, there are other disadvantages in the use of lead pipes.
Now the object of the present invention is to provide a new article of manu-
facture, by which all these disadvantages will be overcome, and the invention
consists in combining a comparatively thin lead pipe with a thin iron pipe, in
such a way, that while the corrosion of the iron pipe will be prevented, the lead
pipe will be strengthened and supported, and rendered capable of resisting shocks
and other causes of deterioration.
In carrying out this invention, we take a thin iron pipe of the form desired,
whether with spigot and socket ends or flanged ends, and we line it with thin
lead pipe in any well known. manner. We also apply, externally, a lead skin,
in any convenient manner.
To produce the spigot and socket ends, we make the lining and skin come
slightly short of the iron pipe, and whichever end we wish to complete, we fit
therein a mould, which will leave the necessary space for the lead, and we dip
the end with the mould into a cauldron of molten lead, so that the molten lead
can run over the top of the mould, and run into the space left, fusing the edges
of the lining or skin, and making therewith a good joint.
When making a spigot and socket joint with the pipes, we use rings of
india-rubber, which we force into the socket, covering them with a covering of
lead or other suitable material, to prevent the weather affecting the rings.
With a flange joint, we form a recess in the face of each flange, and in this
recess we place a rubber washer.
By these means we obtain flexible joints.
The lead will of course entirely cover each flange, and also the bolt holes.
E
1
P
+
1000

page_text: Improvements in Metal Soil and other Pipes, and in Methods and
Apparatus for Manufacturing the same.
We, DOUGLAS GEORGE BRIGHTON, of 11, Huntsmoor Road, Wandsworth, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, and FREDERICK GEORGE BATE, of 55 & 56, Chan-
cery Lane, in the County of London, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement;-
The lining of iron pipes with lead, to preserve them from internal corrosion,
is well known, and often practised, but up till recently the lead lining has,
it is believed, been applied only in the straight part of the iron pipe, conse-
quently the spigot and socket ends of the pipe have been more or less exposed to
the corrosive action of water or sewage conducted by the pipe. In the two
several Letters Patent granted to the applicant Douglas George Brighton and
Edwin Martyn Venning, dated respectively May 17th 1895, No. 9805, and
October 21st 1896, No. 23412, it was proposed to turn the lead round the spigot
end of the pipe, and also to line the socket with lead, so that when the pipes
were brought together, a continuous lead surface is presented on the inside. A
molten lead caulking is then run into the socket, and the end of the spigot, and
the inside of the socket becomes thus practically covered with lead, and the
iron pipe is preserved from internal corrosion.
Some difficulty is, however, experienced, especially from a commercial point
of view, in turning the lead pipe round the spigot end of the iron pipe, and also
in expanding the lead to line the socket, and it was therefore proposed to cast
the spigot and socket ends of the lead pipe. It was found, however, that in
running the molten lead onto the cold lead in situ, a perfect junction of the two
lead portions could not be ensured. It was also found that to cast the lead
spigot separate from the iron pipe, and then apply it thereto, was not commer-
cially feasible. The object, then, of the present invention, is to effect the cast-
ing of the lead coating or lining for the spigot and socket ends and flanged ends
of iron pipes in a simple and efficient manner.
The corrosive action of chemical substances or fumes on iron pipes is well
known; hence, in positions where pipes are likely to be affected in this way,
either lead or earthenware pipes are generally employed.
Thus, for instance, in chemical works, lead pipes are used, because lead
resists the corrosive action of the fumes, while for underground purposes glazed
earthenware is generally preferred.
The prime cost of lead pipes is of course a very considerable item, and the
mode of connecting lengths of lead pipe with wiped joints is a matter of addi-
tional expense. Besides which, the cost of maintenance is very considerable,
owing to the fact that lead being comparatively soft, it is liable to indentation
and other external accidents which pipes made of a harder material would not
be liable to.
Earthenware pipes are also liable to fracture from undue strain, so that, under
all conditions, neither iron, lead, or earthenware, satisfies every requirement.
The object of the present invention is also to provide, as a new article of manu-
facture, a pipe by the use of which, all the disadvantages above enumerated,
and many others well-known to competent persons, will be overcome, and every
requirement, whether for exposed work, under all conditions, or underground
work, will be satisfied.
To these ends, then, the invention consists in the means for casting the lead

page_text: onto the spigot and socket ends of iron pipes, and in combining a lead and an
iron pipe in such a manner that while corrosion of the iron pipe will be prevented,
the lead pipe will be strengthened or reinforced, and supported, and thus rendered
capable of resisting shocks and other causes of deterioration.
A
In carrying out this invention, a comparatively thin iron pipe of any desired
form, whether with spigot and socket ends or Hanged ends, is employed, and
it is lined with a comparatively thin lead pipe in any well-known manner.
lead skin is also applied thereto in any convenient manner, and the inside
lining is connected with the outside coating or skin at both ends, so that the
iron pipe is entirely encased in lead.
In the accompanying drawing:-
Fig. 1 illustrates the mode of forming a spigot end, the figure representing
a sectional view taken on the line X-X of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a cross section of the pipe showing the mould in plan view; and
Figs. 3 and 3 show a flanged pipe made according to this invention, and
illustrate a mode of covering the flanged end with lead.
A in the drawing represents the iron pipe; B is the lead lining; and C the
lead skin.
The connection between the lining and skin is effected by the following mode,
which is illustrated at Figs. 1, 2, and 3 with respect to a spigot end.
The lining B is caused to come slightly short of the end of the pipe A, as
shown, and the skin C is cut away to a greater extent, as shown.
A mould is employed which is placed on the end of the pipe, having gates
therein, and arranged to leave a space of the required size, which is ultimately
to be filled with molten lead-
This mould is formed in two parts, viz:-(1) a main part, which consists of
a hollow cylindrical stump D, of a diameter to fit the lead lining B and a cup-
shaped piece D, the inner face. of which is recessed to receive two half rings,
the outer faces of which are tapered, the inner face of the ring being straight,
and fitting against the coating C; and (2) of the half rings E, the internal
diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the skin C, as before stated.
The part D is first inserted in the end of the pipe, and the half rings E are
forced down into the part D', and are secured therein by iron wedges E³, which
fit between lugs 1* cast on the part D¹ and the half rings E.
E represents gates by which molten metal can run into the space between
the mould and the pipe.
When the mould is fixed in position, the whole is plunged into a cauldron of
molten lead, which finds its way by the gates into the space of the mould,
and coming into contact with the edges of the skin C and the lining B, makes
a perfect junction therewith.
By plunging the end of the pipe and the mould into the molten lead, the
whole becomes excessively hot, and the ends, of the lead pipes become fused, so
that the lead and that from the cauldron run, as it were, together, and make
perfect joint.
The above description relates more especially to spigot and socket ended
pipes.
a.
The flanged end pipes will, however, be treated in much the same way, the
mould being slightly modified for the purpose, so that the entire flange, and also
the bolt holes, will be covered and lined with lead.
Thus it will be seen at Fig. 3* that the part D₁ of the mould is made wider
than before, and is provided with pins or fingers F, which enter the bolt holes
in the flange
The pins or fingers are slotted to receive a cottar G, by which the two parts
of the top of the mould are secured to the part D', the tightening up being
effected by the wedge-shaped or tapered half rings E, as before.
The socket end of the pipe will be coated in the same way as the spigot end,
the mould being suitably, modified for the purpose.

page_text: It will be obvious that the ends of cut pipes will be treated in the same way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
-
1. As a new article of manufacture, a lead pipe having in its walls an iron
strengthening or reinforcing and supporting pipe, as herein shewn and described.
2. As a new article of manufacture, an iron pipe entirely encased in lead as
herein described, and for the purpose set forth.
3. The means for covering the ends of lead-lined and lead-coated iron pipes
with lead, and consisting of a mould adapted to fit into the lead lining and out-
side the lead coating, and having gates in combination with a bath of molten
lead contained in a suitable cauldron, and into which the mould and pipe end
are plunged, as and for the purpose set forth.
4. Coating the spigot and socket ends, or the flanged ends, of lead-lined and
lead-coated iron pipes with lead, substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated this 5th day of January 1899.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.