Connected therewith.
Year: 1885

page_text: Appliances Connected therewith.
I, DAVID LIONEL SALOMONS, of Broomhill, in the County of Kent, Baronet,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE REGU-
LATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
to be as follows:-
"
My invention relates to the regulation of the electro motive force of electrical
currents by employing a counter electro motive force in the circuit in "parallel,"
and is designed to render the electro motive force of the circuit approximately
constant in spite of any causes which would produce variations, namely by want
of regularity in the engine or other primary motor, or by variations of resistance
in the external circuit, or any part of the circuit, or from imperfections in the
dynamo, or from any other cause.
My improvement consists in the introduction, as a regulator, of an electrical
motor, or electro dynamo machine, employed as a motor or as a generator
developing a counter current between the forward and return "leads
of a main working circuit, or as it is usually termed "in parallel."
"
or wires
Upon this main working circuit in which the electrical current may be developed
by an electrical generator of any kind, electrical lighting lamps, either arc or
incandescent, may be placed in "series," or in "parallel arc," or in any convenient
manner.
In the cases in which I use a regulator motor placed "in parallel," the armature
rotates, and the current which passes from main to main will bear some proportion
to its speed. The field electro magnets of the motor may have their exciting coils
"in series " in one of the mains, so that the only loss of power in the regulator
will be first the resistance of the field magnet coils, which will be small, on
account of their low resistance, and, second, the current which is passing from
main to main through the armature which will also be small, because the speed is
high. Now if the speed remain constant, the counter electro motive force will be
constant, but any variations of electro motive force in the main circuit would tend
to cause the motor regulator armature to run faster and alter the counter electro
motive force.
In my method of regulation, I employ any suitable means such as is hereinafter
more fully described to keep the speed constant for all variations of electro motive
force in the main circuit, so that the counter electro motive force of the motor
regulator may not vary, which is necessary to effect regulation under my first
method. There are many ways of doing this, the field magnets may be saturated,
so as to keep the field nearly constant, and if the armature carries a fan revolving
in a fluid, then the tendency to increase its speed will be counterbalanced by the
proportionally increased resistance which the fluid offers to the revolving fan and

page_text: thus approximately constant speed may be obtained, and approximately perfect
regulation. The field magnet coils may also be on shunt system, by placing the
coils in "parallel "between the mains when but little current will be necessary.
It must be understood that only one method by illustration is here described, and
many others exist on the same principle. The action of regulation by the method
described is then accomplished in the following manner. If from any reason the
electro motive force in the main should rise, then the tendency is to rotate the
armature of the motor regulator faster, but this effect being resisted by the
hydraulic fan or other similar appliance a larger current traverses the armature.
Now it is essential to use simple shunt dynamos whose brushes require a
considerable "lead" with such a regulator as described for when the increased
current flows through the armature, there is at once a fall of electro motive force
in the mains; for such simple shunt generators give a lower electro motive force
for any rise in the current flowing in the outer circuit the speed remaining
constant. Hence, if all the apparatus is properly proportioned any rise of electro
motive force in the mains is neutralized, the motor regulator, permitting an
increased flow of current through its armature and the simple shunt generator,
from the fact of giving this increased current, thereby lowering, the electro motive
force to its normal if the generator be a suitable machine for the installation.
Hence the motor regulator regulates by neutralising all rise of electro motive
force above the normal.
It is not necessary that the motor regulator shall be a separate apparatus. It
might be a motor doing work of any kind in a factory or elsewhere, and specially
arranged to fulfil its special function besides. The current flowing through the
armature in doing work should be large as compared with the variable regulating
current. Of course a slight loss must ensue in regulation, but if the motor is
doing work, clearly the power absorbed in driving the motor itself is largely
realised when made to regulate at the same time. Hence, where a motor is
required for work, it can be used to regulate also, and a steady electro motive
force in the mains may be obtained, and with practically no loss of power, because
the motor is doing useful work at the same time as it regulates.
By a modification, I may use a dynamo as a regulator, placed in ".
"parallel "
circuit from the mains as before described with regard to the regulator motors.
This dynamo should be driven at a very fast speed, and with a long, light, and very
loose belt, from the same engine as is used to drive the generator, and it may be
provided with a fly wheel or heavy pulley so as to render its speed practically
constant for all variation in the speed of the engine, since slip easily takes place
under the aforesaid conditions, should the speed of the engine vary from the
normal speed of the regulator dynamo.
The regulator dynamo is arranged to generate an electro motive force equal
and opposite to the normal electro motive force of the installation.
It is evident that when the electro motive force of the installation is normal
this regulator dynamo will allow no current to pass, and since its speed and
consequent electro motive force are practically constant, any rise in the electro
motive force above the normal in the main circuit, will be neutralized, in the
same way as is hereinbefore described in reference to the constantly speeded
regulator motor.
By this method also any fall in the electro motive force in the main circuit
below the normal, will be raised again to the normal by reinforcement from the
regulator dynamo.
The power absorbed in running such a regulator dynamo will be small.

page_text: Appliances Connected therewith.
I, DAVID LIONEL SALOMONS, of Broomhill, in the County of Kent, Baronet, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to the regulation of the electro motive force of electrical
currents by employing a counter electro motive force in the circuit in "parallel,"
and is designed to render the electro motive force of the circuit approximately
constant in spite of any causes which would produce variations, namely, by want
of regularity in the engine or other primary motor, or by variations of resistance
in the external circuit, or any part of the circuit, or from imperfections in the
dynamo, or from any other cause.
In order that my invention may be the better understood, I now proceed to
describe the same in relation to the drawings hereunto annexed, reference being
had to the letters and figures marked thereon.
Figures 1 and 2 represent diagrammatically my system of regulation with a
motor or electro dynamo machine, used as a motor, placed in parallel between the
main circuits; the lamps or other objects operated being in the first figure placed
in "parallel," and in the second figure in "series."
Figures 3 and 4 show ny modified arrangements in which a dynamo-generator,
driven by an engine, is substituted in the parallel for the motor in the preceding
figures; the lamps or other objects operated by the electricity being placed in
"parallel" and "series" respectively.
Figures 5 and 6 are an end and side view respectively of the hydraulic fan or
regulator, used in conjunction with the regulator-motors, figures 1 and 2.
My improvement consists in the introduction, as a regulator, of an electrical
motor, or electro dynamo machine, employed as a motor E or as a generator E',
developing a counter current between the forward and return "leads" or wires A A
of a main working circuit, or as it is usually termed "in parallel."
Upon this main working circuit A, in which the electrical current may be
developed by an electrical generator B of any kind, electrical lighting lamps, C,
either arc or incandescent, may be placed in "series," or in "parallel arc," or in
any convenient manner.
In the cases in which I use a regulator motor placed "in parallel," Figures 1
and 2, the armature rotates, and the current which passes from main to main will
be in some proportion to its speed. The field electro magnets of the motor may
have their exciting coils "in series" in one of the mains, so that the only loss of
power in tle regulator will be first;-the resistance of the field magnet coils, which
will be small, on account of their low resistance; and second, the current which
is passing from main to main through the armature, which will also be small,
because the speed is high. Now if the speed remain constant, the counter electro
motive force will be constant, but any variation of electro motive force in the main

page_text: circuit A would tend to cause the motor regulator armature to run faster and
alter the counter electro-motive force.
In my method of regulation, I employ any suitable means, such as is hereinafter
more fully described, to keep the speed of my regulator motor or generator
constant for all variations of electro motive force in the main circuit, so that the
counter electro motive force of the motor regulator E or generator E¹ may not
vary, which is necessary to effect regulation. There are many ways of doing this,
the field magnets may be saturated, so as to keep the field nearly constant, and if
the armature carries a fan D shown in detail in figures 5 and 6 revolving in a
fluid, then the tendency to increase its speed will be counterbalanced by the
proportionally increased resistance which the fluid offers to the revolving fan D,
and thus approximately constant speed and approximately perfect regulation may
be obtained, or by placing a heavy fly wheel upon the armature shaft.
The field magnet coils may also be on shunt system by placing the coils in
"parallel," between the mains A when but little current will be necessary. It
must be understood that only one method by illustration is here described, and
many others exist on the same principle.
The action of regulation by the method described is then accomplished in the
following manner.
If from any reason the electro motive force in the main A should rise, then the
tendency is to rotate the armature of the motor-regulator faster, but this effect
being resisted by the hydraulic fan D, or other suitable appliance, a larger current
traverses the armature-Now, if simple shunt dynamos whose brushes require a
considerable "lead" with such a regulator as described are used, then, when the
increased current flows through the armature, there is at once a fall of electro
motive force in the mains; for such simple shunt generators give a lower electro
motive force for any rise in the current flowing in the outer circuit, the speed
remaining constant. Hence, if all the apparatus is properly proportioned, any
rise of electro motive force in the mains is neutralized, the motor regulator or
generator E E¹ permitting an increased flow of current through its armature; and
the simple shunt generator, from the fact of giving this increased current, thereby
lowering the electro motive force to its normal, if the generator be a suitable
machine for the installation. Hence the motor-regulator or generator E E¹
regulates by neutralizing all rise of electro motive force above the normal.
For any dynamo the following will explain how the electro motive force can be
kept almost constant by the use of a motor regulator or dynamo regulator. The
most important part is played by the armature of these regulators and is due to
the fact that its resistance is small as compared with that of the general circuit,
(lamps or otherwise) and this is essential, for at those moments when the electro
motive force rises in the terminals of the generator and there is an increased flow
of current to the general circuit in consequence, nearly the whole of this increased
current passes through the armature of the regulator and but a very small
quantity goes to the lamp circuit; hence the electro motive force is practically
constant at the lamps.
It is not necessary that the motor regulator E shall be a special apparatus. It
might be a motor doing work of any kind in a factory or elsewhere, and specially
arranged to fulfil its special function besides. The current flowing through the
armature in doing work should be large as compared with the current which
would tend to keep the electro motive force normal in the circuit, and which may
be called the variable regulating current.
Of course a slight loss must ensue in regulation, but if the motor is doing work,
clearly the power absorbed in driving the motor itself is largely realised when
made to regulate at the same time.
Hence, where a motor is required for work, it can be used to regulate also, and
a steady electro-motive force in the mains may be obtained, and with practically
no loss of power, because the motor is doing useful work at the same time as it
regulates.

page_text: By a modification, as in figures 3 and 4, I may use a dynamo or generator E¹ as
a regulator, placed in "parallel" circuit from the mains A A as before described,
with regard to the regulator motors. This dynamo should be driven at a very fast
speed, and with a long, light, and very loose belt G, from the same engine F as is
used to drive the generator, and it may be provided with a fly wheel or heavy
pulley H so as to render its speed practically constant for all variation in the
speed of the engine, since slip easily takes place under the aforesaid conditions,
should the speed of the engine vary from the normal speed of the regulator
dynamo E.
The regulator dynamo E' is arranged to generate an electro motive force slightly
higher, but nearly equal and opposite to the normal electro motive force of the
installation.
It is evident that when the electro motive force of the installation is normal,
this regulator-dynamo E¹ will allow but little or no current to pass, and since its
speed and consequent electro motive force are practically constant, any rise in the
electro motive force above the normal in the main circuit, will be neutralized, in
the same way as is hereinbefore described in reference to the constantly speeded
regulator motor E.
By this method also any fall in the electro motive force in the main circuit
below the normal, will be raised again to the normal by reinforcement from the
regulator dynamo.
The power absorbed in running such a regulator dynamo will be small.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is
1st The regulation of the electro motive force of electrical currents, by the
employment of a counter electro motive force from a regulator motor, or dynamo
operated as a motor, controlled as to its speed by a hydraulic fan or fy wheel,
and placed in "parallel" between the two leads of a main circuit, to produce
practically constant electro-motive force in the said circuit, substantially as
described.
2nd The regulation of the electro motive force of electrical currents, by the
employment of a counter electro motive force, generated by a dynamo driven
conveniently by the engine of the installation by a long, light, loose belt, the said
dynamo being controlled for uniformity of speed by a heavy fly wheel, and placed
in "parallel between the two leads of a main circuit, to produce practically
constant electro motive force in the said circuit, substantially as described.
Dated this 97th doxy of Ontahan 1000