Year: 1884

page_text: We, LOUIS STERNE, Engineer, and CHARLES DEXTER WAINWRIGHT both of
Victoria Chambers, Westminster in the County of Middlesex seek leave to amend
the specification of Letters Patent, No. 1700 of 1884, as shown in red ink in the
copy of the original specification hereunto annexed :-
Our reasons for making this amendment are as follows The word " sulphide"
has been inadvertently written instead of "sulphate" and is inaccurate. The words
chloride of sodium" are also inaccurate and were included through inadvertence.
"
In the matter of Letters Patent granted to Louis Sterne, Engineer and Charles
Dexter Wainwright on the 18th January 1884 N° 1700.
I hereby grant leave to the said Louis Sterne and Charles Dexter Wainwright
to amend the specification of the said Letters Patent in the manner proposed.
:
Dated the 20th dove of Mon 1001.

page_text: #
We, LOUIS STERNE, Engineer, and CHARLES DEXTER WAINWRIGHT, both of
Victoria Chambers, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE
HEATING AND PURIFYING OF WATER AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:...
The main object of our invention is the supplying of water to steam boilers or
other vessels free from the impurities usually found therein, viz:-Those held in
chemical solution such as carbonate of lime and of magnesia, and sulphate sulphide
of lime and chloride of sodium, and those held in mechanical suspension, such as
clay, sand or the like.
Our said invention relates to apparatus of that class wherein the water to be
purified is first subjected to the heat of exhaust steam or of hot water and then
has its temperature further raised by live steam; the impurities held in chemical
combination or solution being eliminated from the water by thus raising its
temperature and those held in mechanical suspension' being removed by filtration.
The purified water may be supplied to a boiler while heated or may be cooled as
hereinafter described and forced into tanks or reservoirs to be used cold.
The said apparatus comprises a heating vessel a superheating vessel and a filter,
and our improvements consist in the novel construction and combination of these
parts and their adjuncts as hereinafter set forth.
Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is an elevation of our apparatus as, arranged for heating and purifying
the feed-water of a steam boiler.
•
Figure 2 is a vertical central section of those portions of the apparatus in which
the water is heated by the exhaust steam or by the hot water and then has its
temperature further raised by live steam.
Figure 3 is a plan of the base of the apparatus shewn in Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the said base at right angles to Figure 2.
Figure 5 represents a section and elevation, drawn to an enlarged scale, shewing
part of the apparatus in detail..
Figure 6 is a vertical central section of the portion of our apparatus which
filters the water.
'
Figure 7 illustrates a modified arrangement of our apparatus particularly
adapted for purifying water to be used at or near the ordinary temperature of the
atmosphere.
I
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the drawings.
A is the portion of the apparatus which we term the heater, wherein the feed
water is subjected to the heat of exhaust steam or hot water., B. is the portion
which we term the superheater, wherein the feed water is subjected to the heat of
live steam, and C is the filter forming part of the, said apparatus.
The heater has a base a, constructed with a chamber a¹. On this chamber is
fitted the tube-plate b in which are secured the lower ends of the vertical tubes c.
One of our improvements consists in the peculiar construction of the chamber a¹
and its combination with the tubes c as follows, that is to say:-The said chamber
is divided into, two portions by the peculiarly formed continuous partition a' which,.
as clearly shewn in Figure 3, commences at one side of the said chamber and

page_text: extends 'therefrom to and fro across the apertures of each row of tubes c and
terminates at the opposite side of the said chamber; 'each of the said tubes is fitted
with a central diaphragm or partition c¹ which divides it vertically into two equal
parts, and these diaphragms are so arranged that they meet and are fitted upon the
partition a* of the chamber al in the manner shewn in Figure 5, that is to say,
two slits or incisions are formed in the end of the diaphragm so as to divide the
said' end into three strips, one of which is bent in one direction and the other two
of which are bent in the opposite direction. The said diaphragms are thus prevented
from turning when the tubes are being screwed into the tube plate.
}
The tubes chave their upper ends closed by suitable caps c³ provided with wings
or projections ca to hold down the diaphragms. The diaphragms c¹ extend 'up
nearly to these caps leaving a space at the top for the steam or other fluid to pass
"over the end of the diaphragm from one side to the other side of the tube. d is
the admission aperture for exhaust steam and e is the exit aperture for the same.
The result of this construction of the divided or partitioned chamber and tubes
is that the exhaust steam entering at d must all pass up one side of all the series
of vertical tubes and down the other side before escaping from the exit aperture e
and therefore the full effect of its heat is utilized in heating the water which
surrounds and flows through the space in which the said tubes are enclosed.
We provide the chamber a¹ with a channel or trough f for collecting the water
of condensation and conducting it to the aperture f1 by which it is discharged.
We prefer to connect a small tank or cistern as shewn at g with the vessel A by
the pipe g¹ and to provide the said tank with a ball cock or valve to regulate and
maintain the water level in the said tank and vessel, 'and facilitate the escape of
the carbonic acid gas as hereinafter described.
There is an outlet aperture at h which is connected with a pump whereby the
heated water from the vessel A is pumped into the superheater B. Another of our
improvements consists in the combination of the two portions of our apparatus A
and B constructed as herein described.
The superheater B is provided with a drum i placed centrally within its 'shell or
casing which is formed of boiler plate or other suitable material; this drum has a
series of vertical tubes secured to the top and bottom tube-plates and open at
their upper and lower ends so that the water can flow freely through them. The
space within 'the drum and surrounding the said pipes is supplied through the inlet
pipe with live steam from the boiler with which the apparatus is connected or
other convenient source, and a pipe j is provided for the egress of the steam. The
water from the heater A enters by the aperture k flows through the tubes j and the
space surrounding the drum i and passes from the outlet aperture ¹ to the filter.
We prefer that the bottom of the superheater should be provided with the pipe k*.
one end of which serves for the admission of the water as above described, while
the other end is furnished with a blow-off cock for removing sediment from the
superheater. We also provide a pipe k² at the top of the superheater to admit live
steam for blowing off through the pipe /*.
.31.
Another of our improvements relates to the portion of our apparatus whereby
the water is filtered through charcoal; sawdust, sand, or other suitable material.
Our filter C is preferably a cylindrical vessel with a perforated metal plate l at the
bottom, and a suitable perforated plate at the top, and the charcoal or other
filtering material packed between these plates. The vessel C has an inlet aperture
'at m and an outlet at n.
"
We have ascertained that, in filtering water under pressure, the process is to a
great extent ineffectual for the reason that the water does not pass through the
filtering medium or material; but between the inner surface of the iron or other
metal shell and the surface of the said filtering material, as it meets with less
resistance to its passage at this part than in the body of the filtering medium or
material. But by our improvement we' provide for overcoming this difficulty as
follows, that is to say, we provide the vessel C with an internal annular flange or
rim o, or two or more of such flanges, tightly fitted and attached to the inner

page_text: surface of the casing or shell as shewn, and projecting into the body or block of
filtering material. The effect of this contrivance is that the water forced between
the said filtering material and the iron shell is intercepted by the flange o and
directed inward toward the centre of the filter and consequently must, in its
passage through the filter, pass through the whole or nearly the whole body of the
filtering medium or material.
We may arrange the said filter in any convenient position in relation to the
vessels A and B. We may provide our apparatus with any number of such filters,
but in practice it will be usually found convenient to provide two of the same to
facilitate inspection and cleaning without interfering with the process of purifying
the water.
In Figure 7 we have shewn the above described apparatus in a modified form
adapted for the purification of water to be stored in tanks or cisterns and supplied
therefrom at or near the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere to railway
locomotives or water stations or to be used for other purposes.
D is a portion of a cistern or tank containing the water to be purified. This
tank is connected to the vessel A by the pipe p which may be fitted with a
valve p¹ for regulating the admission of water to the said vessel according to its
heating capacity and other circumstances.
The vessel A in this case has an internal drum or cylinder A¹, through which
extend a series of vertical pipes q open at their ends. The pipe p is connected
with the space within the vessel A external to the chamber or drum A¹. The
space at the upper end of the vessel A is connected by the pipe q¹ to a force pump
at E which is connected by a pipe q² to the lower end of the superheater B as
clearly shewn in the drawing.
The construction of this superheater is substantially the same as shewn in
Figure 2. The drum i is provided with vertical tubes open at their ends, and is
connected with a steam boiler whereby it is supplied with live steam through the
inletas, and for the purpose, above described. The space at the upper end of the
superheater B is connected by a pipe q³ to the filter C. This filter is also
connected by the pipe q' to the space within the chamber or drum.A¹. The pump
at E forces the water from the vessel A through the pipe q' to the lower end of
the vessel B through the vertical tubes j and through the pipe q³ into and through
the filter and thence through the pipe into the top of the drum or vessel A',
whence it passes through the pipe to the tank or reservoir provided for the
reception of the purified water.
The filter C is similar to that shewn in Figure 6. If desired a set of these filters
may be interposed between the two vessels A and B so that the water pumped
through the pipe q³ shall pass through the said filters.
The impure cold water entering from the tank D into the vessel A has its
temperature raised by the transfer of heat from the hot purified water flowing
through the vessel A³, and cools the purified water so that the latter passes through
the outflow pipe r at a low temperature. The inflowing water leaves near the
top of the vessel A by the pipe q¹ and is pumped into the bottom of the super-
heater B at a high temperature. This temperature is raised by the live steam in
the drum i to the necessary precipitating point. The water at this temperature is
forced through the filter C and returned by the pipe to the top of the drum or
vessel A¹ and descends therein leaving the vessel (with its temperature reduced as
above described) by the outflow pipe r. The heater A and superheater B are
provided with blow off pipes q*.
It is very important that the carbonic acid evolved during the purifying process
.should escape from the water before it leaves the purifier. For this purpose we
provide the vessel A with suitable means for keeping the level of the feed-water
therein uniform and at such a height as to leave a space above it for the carbonic
acid gas, and at any convenient part of the vessel enclosing this space we provide an
outlet s through which the gas can freely pass out of the vessel into the atmosphere.
.Therefore it is obvious that the part of our apparatus through which the

page_text: unpurified water passes is not closed so that we effect the operation of heating
or purifying this water while it is under the ordinary pressure of the atmosphere.
But after the water has passed through the force pump, it obviously is forced
therefrom under pressure through the superheater and filter and the vessel A¹ to
its ultimate destination.
The carbonate of lime or other solid matter deposited on the tubes in the
chamber A¹ can be readily removed by brushing, and mud-holes and blow-off cocks
are provided for its removal from the apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and shewn how the same may be conveniently and advantageously carried
into practice we wish it understood that we do not claim generally or irrespectively
of the peculiar construction of the parts of our apparatus as above set forth the
combination of a heater and a superheater or the use of a filter in combination
with a heater and superheater or the purification of water by elevating the
temperature thereof, but we claim, in an apparatus for heating and purifying
water.
First. The improved construction of the base of the heater with its diaphragm
or partition arranged in combination with the partitioned vertical tubes and
with the steam inlet and outlet apertures, substantially as, and for the purpose,
specified.
Second. The combination of parts comprising the heater having a series of
straight tubes and the vessel containing a second series of such tubes enclosed
within an inner chamber or drum connected with a steam generator, which vessel
is arranged in connection with the said heater to receive the partially heated
water therefrom and further raise its temperature by the heat of the live steam, as
above set forth.
Third. The improvement in filters consisting in providing the interior thereof
with an annular flange or rim, or two or more of the same, substantially as, and
for the purpose, set forth.
Fourth. For heating and purifying feed water, the method or process in which
the steam or hot water employed for raising the temperature of the feed water is
caused to circulate in pipes or other vessels, closed and under pressure, while the
unpurified water flows through portions of the apparatus open to the atmosphere,
and suitably constructed and arranged to facilitate the escape of the carbonic acid
gas, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The modification of our improved apparatus substantially as described.
with reference to Figure 7 of the drawings for the purpose set forth.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.