IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING PACKING CASES AND IN THE METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Isaac Billing, of 13, Lansdown Parade,
Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, Publisher, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING PACKING CASES AND IN THE METHODS OF
MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Isaac Billing at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1882.
EDWIN ISAAC BILLING, of 13 Lansdown Parade, Cheltenham, in the County of
Gloucester, IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING PACKING CASES, AND IN THE METHODS
OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

page_text: at each corner. These plates are, when necessary, screwed to the frame of the case;
and also serve to protect the sides and ends when the case is folded for storage or
transit.
Fourthly:-
=
In the method of fixing my improved hinges. After the frame of the case has
been duly prepared for receiving them, it is clamped together, and placed on the
hingeing-frame. The binges are placed in position, and forced home by cams
simultaneously brought to bear upon their faces. The frame of the case is then
inverted upon the clenching anvil, which is so shaped that the bottom of the
inverted case rests upon the top of the anvil. The fangs of the hinges are then
clenched by the simultaneous action of a suitable number of cams actuated in any
convenient way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said Edwin Isaac Billing in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th August 1882.
EDWIN ISAAC BILLING of 13 Lansdown Parade Cheltenham in the County of
Gloucester, Publisher IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING PACKING CASES AND IN THE
METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
My Invention has, for its object, improvements in the folding packing cases
described in my specification No 1968, 13th May 1880, and in the methods of
manufacturing the same.
The first part of my invention relates to improvements in the hinges of my
folding packing cases as described in the above mentioned specification. These
improvements are illustrated in figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 4a of the accompanying
drawings. These hinges are made of sheet metal, in any convenient way,
preferably by stamping in suitable dies,-and are fixed on the outside instead of
on the inside of the case. The fangs, a, a, &c; and the proportioning of the lower
half, b, of each hinge, to the thickness of the bottom of the case, c, or to the
combined depth of the dwarf-side or end, d, and the thickness of the bottom, c,
are in motive and method, as described in my said specification. The several
proper parts of the case are first notched in any convenient way to receive the
cranks, e, of these improved hinges, and pierced to receive the fangs. The hinges
are then pressed home, and the fangs clenched on the inside of the case, either by
band, or by the machines hereinafter described and illustrated in figs. 15, 16, 17,
18, 19 & 20. Whenever I consider it desirable, I insert a screw, f, through one or
both cranks of the hinge. The return plates, g, are added to these improved hinges,
when necessary, to give them a better grip of the body of a large case. They are
fastened with screws or nails as shewn.
The second part of my invention relates to improved inside fasteners for use

page_text: with my folding packing cases, as the latter are described in my Specification
No 1968, 13th May 1880. fig. 14, to keep them in position for use.
One variety of these improved inside fasteners is illustrated in figs. 5, 6, 7,
S& Sa. Each fastener consists of two stout strips of metal. One strip is pierced
with one screw-hole, and notched on its lower edge, near its nose. This is the
hasp. The other strip has two screw holes, and is notched on its top edge, either
near one end as shewn in fig. 6, or in the middle, as shewn in fig. 7. This strip
does duty as the staple. Fig. 8 shews part of a folding packing case with one of
these fasteners in position. The end of the case, h, has a recess cut in it, just
behind the notch in the staple, i, to receive the nose, j, of the hasp, k. The
projection, l, fig. 10a, shewn as forming part of the hasp, k, is to prevent the hasp
from being shaken or forced from the staple,'i, when the case is in use.
A stud or
pin, depending from the underside of the lid of the case, presses upon the projection
when the lid is on the case, and so keeps the hasp in its place. Another position
for this projection is shewn in fig 9. Its use when in this position is the same as
just described. In this figure the hasp drops for unfastening, consequently the
projection is on the outside of the pivot screw. To fold up one of my packing
cases fitted with the above described variety (in either modification) of inside
fastener, the hasps are first unhooked, the ends of the case are folded down upon
the bottom, and next, the sides upon the ends.
The
Fig. 10 illustrates, in plan, another variety of improved inside fastener for use
with my folding packing cases as described in my Specification above referred to,
fig. 14. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the same in position. The fastener, made
in any convenient way, of any suitable metal, consists of a bar-spring, m, an
angle-plate, n, and a stoady-pin, o; the latter fixed to the end of the case.
bar-spring allows the ond of the case to pass it, but prevents its falling back, while
additional firmness is secured by the use of the angle-plate, and steady-pin. These
angle plates, bar-springs, and steady-pins are fixed to the body of the case in any
convenient way.
Any desired number of either variety of fastener described above, may be used
to one case.
The third part of my invention relates to improvements in the lids of my folding
packing cases. Instead of making the ledge of the lid to run all round it, I use it
at each end only as shewn in fig 12. At each corner I fix my improved metal
angle-plate, p, fastened in any convenient way to the lid. In one half (preferably
the side half) of each angle-plate I make a hole, q, through which a screw pin can
be inserted into the body of the case. These angle plates also serve as a
protection to the folded case, when in store or in transit, as illustrated in figs 13
and 14.
The fourth part of my invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of
my folding packing cases as the latter are described in the Specification No 1968
above referred to.
Fig. 15 illustrates in plan and fig. 16, in elevation, my machine for fixing the
outside hinges above described. The body of the case, r, notched and pierced, is
held together by a clamp, 8, (of any suitable form), and inverted upon the
hingeing-frame, t, in a groove or trough t, with the hinges, ², placed ready for
being driven home. This frame, t, carries four shafts, u, geared together by pairs
of mitre-wheels, v. Each shaft carries involute cams, w, as many as there are
hinges to be driven. These cams actuate drivers, w¹, to which they are connected
by studs and grooves, w², as shewn, and sliding in guides . Motion is given to
these cams in any convenient way, eg. by a hand lever, u', and the hinges are
driven home, all at once. The drivers are then moved to their original position,
ready for another body.
The body is next placed upon the clenching anvil, shewn in elevation in fig. 17,
and in plan in fig 18. The fangs of the hinges,, projecting into the interior of
the case drop through the openings, y, while the bottom of the case rests upon
the top of the anvil z. The clenchers, 1, (as many as there are hinges) actuated
.

page_text: by a lever, 2, or any equivalent mechanical device outside the anvil, and sliding
in a frame 3 are then brought downwards, and the clenching of the fangs is
completed.
Fig 19 illustrates in elevation, and fig. 20. in plan, my combined hingeing and
clenching machine, to do the work of the two separate machines illustrated in
figs 15, 16, 17 and 18, and described above.
Fig. 21 illustrates, in elevation, my combined hingeing and clenching machine
for driving and clenching my improved inside hinges as described in my before-
mentioned Specification No 1968, May 13th AD 1880.
In figs 15 to 21 corresponding or equivalent parts are designated by like reference
letters or figures.
Having now fully and particularly described my invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I claim as my invention and therefore secured to me
by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent,
1. The improved hinges for folding packing-cases, for fixing on the outside
of the same, as and for the purpose described and illustrated in figs. 1, 2,
3, 4 and 4a.
2. The inside fasteners for folding-packing-cases, as and for the purpose
described and illustrated in figs 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
3. The corner-plate for the lid of a folding-packing case as and for the purpose
described and illustrated in figs. 12, 13 and 14.
4. The hingeing frames and clenching anvils, separate and combined, as and
for the purpose described and illustrated in figs 15 to 21.
In witness whereof I the said Edwin Isaac Billing have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty fifth day of August in the year of our
Lord 1882.
itness,
CHAS. S. WOODROFFE,
Patent Agent,
9 St Jude St. N.
EDWIN ISAAC BILLING. (L.S.)