IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR
CONNECTED THEREWITH Communicated to him from abroad by Edouard
Estienne of Paris in the Republic of France
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1882.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED THEREWITH a communication to me from
abroad by Edouard Estienne of Paris in the Republic of France
"1
This Invention relates to Electric Telegraphy and it consists of an improved
system of Signals and improvements in the construction and arrangement of
telegraphic apparatus as hereinafter described whereby it is rendered possible to
transmit messages with greater speed and precision than heretofore
In carrying out this Invention reversed currents are employed each emission
being instantaneous and of the same duration. When acted on by a positive
current the receiver reproduces a signal instantaneously a similar effect is
produced by a negative current but a different signal is given
°
These two distinct signals are combined in a convenient manner to indicate
letters figures and signs of punctuation
The Morse code or Alphabet also comprises two different signs only but the
present Invention which is different from the Morse system relates to a peculiar
mode of employing signals of this class and is not confined to any particular
combination of signs
In the use of the Morse system the emissions of the currents being of unequal
duration and the current being always in the same direction, it is necessary in
the combinations to employ by preference the dot which in practice is produced
by a contact three times shorter than that required for the dashi
According to the present Invention on the contrary by employing reversed
currents of equal duration the sign may be changed by simply reversing the

page_text: current Although the grouping of the signs is to a certain extent analogous to
that of Morse the forms of the signs are changed and their arrangement is also
different.
According to this Invention no dots are used and the dashes are not placed in
the direction of the length of the strip of paper but are drawn transversely to the
latter. Two kinds only of dashes are employed one being half the length of the
other is employed in place of a dot. It is evident that other combinations may be
employed for example the dashes may be all of the same length or dots alone may
be employed such dashes or dots being distinguished by differently colored ink as
this part of the Invention consists essentially in arranging the signs transversely to
the strip of paper and producing them by reversing the direction of the current
By means of this improved arrangement the signs are rendered more distinct and
also occupy must less space than when made according to the ordinary method.
The apparatus employed in working this improved system of telegraphing may
be of various construction but the combination of apparatus hereinafter described, is
found to give the best results
In the case of the receiver the sole function of the Clockwork inotion is to feed
up the paper strip, the ordinary inking device is dispensed with and the inking
effected by means of an entirely independent and special arrangement hereinafter
described
The clockwork comprises a barrel and a train of wheels-Motion is imparted to
a feeding roller by the intervention of the wheelwork and a pinion fast on the axis
of the said roller. Full length dashes and half length dashes are marked trans-
versely upon the paper by means of two pens of different width hereinafter
described. The speed at which the paper is fed is regulated by means of a friction
cone or brake acting on a friction wheel on the axis of the last wheel of the train
which cone is capable of being raised or lowered so as to increase or diminish the
friction by a Buitable handle or knob; the variations of Speed thus produced being
indicated on a scale by means of a pointer connected with the cone or brake-The
friction wheel is capable of sliding upon its axis which is at right angles to the
axis of the cone and is pressed against the latter by means of a spring. This cone
or brake may be combined with the ordinary vanes or flyers of a Morse apparatus
by providing the Spindle of the cone with a suitable spring and sleeve to connect it
with the vanes
The base of the receiver contains the lower part of a permanent magnet and
may also contain a resistance coil or the reel of paper-The clock work is started
and stopped by means of a suitable catch operated in any convenient manner-The
strip of paper as it is unwound from a reel on one side of the apparatus is
conducted under and over suitable guide rollers and around the feeding roller
herein before referred to being ultimately wound upon a suitable reel on the other
side of the apparatus.
A powerful permanent Magnet in the form of a wide U is arranged with its
poles facing the extremities of two oscillating pallets or armatures of soft iron on a
brass spindle underneath the feeding roller-On a prolongation of this Spindle is
also provided an oscillating forked arm whose motion is limited by two adjustable
screws The two legs of the fork pass on opposite sides of the feed roller and on
each side of the said roller are pivotted bent levers provided at one extremity with
removable pens or marking instruments hereinafter described and at the opposite
extremity with adjustable Screws which are acted on by the legs of the forked arm
-When this arm moves to the right or to the left it acts upon the bent levers and
causes one of the pens to mark the paper and at the same time moves the other
pen away from the paper. On opposite sides of the pallets of soft iron or armatures
herein before referred to are arranged polar extensions of the cores of two electro
magnets The coils of these Magnets are so coiled or arranged that under the
influence of a current each of these magnets presents poles of opposite denominations
on each side of the oscillating armatures. The permanent magnet attracts and
polarizes the oscillating Armatures and tends to retain them in a vertical position

page_text: but when the electro Magnets are excited by the passage of a current each armature
is attracted towards the pole of the opposite denomination and the motion of the
Armatures is transmitted to the pens or marking instruments by the intervention
of the Spindle the forked arm and the bent levers hereinbefore described The
permanent Magnet serves to draw the armatures and other parts back into the
vertical or middle position on the cessation of the current and by polarizing the
magnets also renders the magnetic action more powerful -The Armatures may be
connected together by a brass rod and a spring may be employed to assist the
action of the permanent magnet Two springs are required to bring the forked
arm back to the vertical position and the tension of these springs may be adjusted
to correspond with the power of the Magnets.
The pens or marking instruments attached to the bent levers herein before
described are composed of small tubes flattened at one extremity so as to act some-
what in the manner of a drawing pen and present an orifice corresponding to the
length of the signs used-These pens make marks across the Strip or transversely
to its length and one pen is used to make the half length dashes and the other the
full length dashes
Inside the tube or shaft of the pen is arranged a piece of fine sponge or other
equivalent material one end of which is pressed between the two sides of the
flattened extremity of the pen. The lower end of the shaft of the pen is immersed
in ink contained in a suitable trough which ink is drawn up by the Sponge to the
upper or marking part of the pen
'
The pens are capable of being readily detached from the bent levers and
provided with a screw by means of which the width of the opening and consequently
that of the dash may be adjusted at will-In lieu of the sponge a capillary tube
may be employed to draw up the ink at each movement of the pen and cause it to
overflow onto one of the blades of the pen the said blade being made somewhat
longer than the other blade and being alone brought into contact with the paper
According to another arrangement the bent levers carrying the pens are connected
together at their upper extremities by a rod or bar provided with a pin or stud
which engages with a slot or opening in the upper extremity of an oscillating lever
or arm operated by electro magnets in the same manner as the forked arm herein-
before described
The signs may be produced upon the paper by chemical action obtained either
by the direct action of a current or by means of a local battery-This method of
producing the signs forms one of the features of this Invention
The mode of inking or marking by means of a sponge as hereinbefore described
is well adapted to be combined with the Morse system. It is possible by employing
the electro magnetic arrangement hereinbefore described with a transmitter with
double current and two contacts, to produce by means of two pens (both formed in
the same manner) either a dot or a dash and the direction of the current may be
changed at each signal. The important advantage enables signals to be sent at any
speed provided that they are not confused.
According to another arrangement the paper is caused to pass from the recl
under two guide rollers over a Cylinder arranged underneath the pens and under
In
another guide roller arranged in the same plane as the first two guide rollers
this case also the sole function of the clockwork is to feed forward the paper or tho
feed may be produced by means of the ordinary Morse arrangement The signs
or marks are produced upon the paper as it passes over the Cylinder by means of
tapering tubular pens filled with Sponge or other analogous substance and bent to
the form of a semi circle so as to enable them to take up a supply of ink from
suitable troughs arranged on each side of the Cylinder These pens are carried ou
the upper extremities of levers pivotted to the side plate of the apparatus and
provided with studs or pins at their lower extremities which studs or pins engage
with slots or openings formed in the upper extremities of two vertical oscillating
arms or levers-The axes on which these levers oscillate carry four horizontal
arms provided with four armatures arranged in proximity to the poles of two
5

page_text: electro Magnets acting in a similar manner to those in the case of the Receiver
firstly herein before described the said arms or armatures being arranged in
proximity to but out of contact with a permanent magnet also operating in a
similar manner to the one hereinbefore described. The coils on the electro magnets
are so arranged that when one pair of armatures is attracted the other is repelled
thus causing the levers to oscillate and bring one of the pens into contact with the
paper and produce a full length or half length dash according to the direction of the
current-Suitable springs serve to bring the parts back to their normal position
when no current is passing. The cylinder supporting the paper during the marking
is carried on an axis connected with a plate which may be raised or lowered at will
by means of a screwed rod provided with a milled head and secured in the required
position by means of a set screw. The ink troughs consist of two horizontal tubes
connected by a transverse tube and provided with suitable orifices for the reception
of the lower ends of the pens.
Perforated strips may be employed with advantage in conjunction with this
improved system of telegraph and the perforations may be produced by means of
electricity. For this purpose ench pen is provided on the right and on the left
respectively with a needle or pricker which perforates the paper whenever a signal
is transmitted. In order that the prickers may not strike the cylinder the latter is
provided with an annular groove under each pricker.
Two parallel rows of holes are thus formed in the strip and although the spaces
between the holes in each row may vary two holes can never be produced on one
and the same transversal line.
The strips so perforated may be employed in transmitting apparatus in the
mauner next hereinafter described-A metallic surface is provided composed of two
insulated pieces of metal one of which pieces is connected with the positive. pole
of a battery whilst the other is connected with the negative pole of another
battery. The perforated strip is drawn over this surface in such a manner that one
row of perforations passes over one of the pieces whilst the other row passes over
the other piece and over the strip is arranged a rod provided at one extremity with
two flexible branches at the same distance apart as the rows of perforations. Now
supposing this rod to be connected with the line and the two branches rest upon
the paper positive or negative emissions of current, will be transmitted to the line
according as the perforations in the paper allow the rod, by the intervention of one
or the other of its branches to be placed in communication with the positive or
negative piece of metal.
The strip for the first transmission may be perforated by the aid of a special
apparatus constructed as next hereinafter described
Two plates are arranged horizontally upon a hollow base or support presenting
a space between them for the passage of the strip to be perforated. These plates
are provided with three holes arranged in a line across the strip and three
corresponding punches work in these holes. The two outer punches are both of the
same diameter but the centre punch is smaller than the other two and merely
serves to make the perforations necessary for enabling the paper to be fed forward
with regularity by means of a small wheel provided with pins on its periphery.
The punches are retained in their normal position by means of springs.
The punches are pushed up through the holes in the plates and thus caused to
perforate the paper by means of three levers arranged in the interior of the base
and actuated by means of three plungers connected with the front extremities of
the levers.
The rear extremities of the levers are so arranged that when either of the outer
levers and punches are operated the middle punch is also moved by the intervention
of an intermediate lever pivotted on the same axis and is thereby caused to
perforate the paper at the same time but the middle lever is capable of being
operated independently of the other two although each movement of the middle
lever operates the intermediate lever which actuates the middle punch and is also
connected with the feed un chanism for the purpose of enabling the proper spaces

page_text: 5
to be formed between the signs composing a letter and between the letters
themselves. This intermediate or connecting lever is provided with a vertical arm
against which rests the end of a long screw connected to an arm on a spindle or
axis hereinafter described and which operates the feed.
When any one of the Plungers is depressed the vertical arm of the intermediate
Two horizontal spindles
lever acts on a strong blade spring hereinafter described.
or axes are provided at the upper part of the perforating apparatus. One of these
axes is shorter than the other and carries a small feed wheel working in an opening
in the upper plate and provided with radial pins on its periphery whilst the other
and longer axis carries a catch or detent one side of which engages with the pins
on the wheel the other side being provided with a hook Two arms are provided
upon the longer axis or spindle one of these arms carries an adjusting screw
bearing against the strong blade spring hereinbefore referred to which is attached
to the base This spring is provided with a projection which extends underneatli
the other arm on the spindle and through a hole in this projection passes the long
A small
screw herein before referred to connected with the axis operating the feed
rod is screwed to the end of the projection on the spring and is also connected to
the vertical arm of the intermediate lever by the screw The long Axis operating
the feed is also provided with as small bent finger which rests on the catch. At one
side of this axis is provided a blade spring which has a constant tendency to rotate
the spindle or axis and operate the feed but is counterbalanced by the strong blade
spring herein before described
When any one of the plunges is depressed the intermediate lever moves and its
vertical arm draws down the small rod screwed to the strong blade spring. The
other blade spring then causes the spindle to rotate and operates the catch (which is
provided with a suitable spring) causing it to slip over one tooth of the feed wheel.
The paper is then perforated by continuing to press down the plunger. When the
pressure is removed from the Plunger the Spring at the side of the long axis being
liberated causes the catch to push forward the feed wheel for the space of one tooth.
A projection on the other side of the catch serves to steady the feed wheel whilst
the paper is being perforated This perforating Apparatus may be combined with
the receiving Apparatus herein before described.
The inking troughs may all be connected together and with a reservoir by tubes
whereby it is rendered easy to insure a proper supply of ink to the Pens.
The Transmitter employed according to this Invention works with a double
current and is composed of two contact making Levers pivotted on a suitable base
and capable of moving independently. These Levers which communicate with the
line osciliate upon axes secured in position by screws one of which terminates in a
copper knob which enables it to be tightened when required. A stud or pin of non-
conducting material is fixed to the side of each of these levers and over flexible
An adjustable screw is
blades or contact springs communicating with the earth.
arranged close to each earth blade and the Levers are provided with a suitable finger
plate or knob at the front ends Weak springs underneath the Levers serve
to elevate the front ends but admit these ends being depressed by a very slight effort.
Platinised studs or Contact makers are provided on the under side of each lever
near both the front and rear ends capable of making electrical contact with corre-
sponding studs or anvils on the base. These studs or anvils at the rear end of the
Levers are not connected with the Receiver but the studs or anvils on the base near
the front ends of the Levers (which make Contact with the Levers when these ends
0 are depressed) are connected respectively with binding screws at the sides of the
base. The binding screw on the right of the base is also connected with the
adjustable screw hereinbefore described facing the contact spring connected with
the earth on the left of the apparatus and the binding screw on the left is connected
with the corresponding screw on the right of the Apparatus. Now if the binding
5 screw on the right hand be connected with the positive pole of a battery and the
binding Screw on the left hand with the negative pole each Lever when depressed
will make a double Contact and one of the poles of the battery will be connected

page_text: '
with the earth through the contact spring herein before described which by the
Action of the insulated stud on the Lever is brought into Contact with the adjustable
Screw connected to the binding Screw on the opposite side of the Apparatus whilst
the other pole will be connected with the line through the Contact Maker or Anvil
underneath the same Lever.
In order to establish or interrupt the communication with the Receiver a Spring
Contact Maker at the rear of the Apparatus is employed resting simultaneously upon
two studs provided on the sides of the Levers. This Contact Maker is acted on by
another spring underneath but not connected to the base.
Whenever one of the Levers is moved this Contact Spring is lifted out of Contact
with the other lever but remains in contact with the Lever that is operated on.-A
very flexible vertical metal rod is arranged at the rear of the apparatus and forms
part of the contact spring-When the apparatus is at rest the lower extremity of
this rod bears against an adjustable screw carried by a bracket communicating with
the receiving instrument so that communication is established between the receiver
and the apparatus and consequently with the line when the two levers are at rest
but the receiver is insulated when a lever is moved
A plate in communication with the earth is arranged in front of the rod and this
arrangement enables the line to be discharged under most favorable conditions--
Each emission of current will be preceded and followed by making the connection
with earth by means of this arrangement-If desired when a Morse transmitter
is employed a small disc may be provided at the side of the levers and caused to
rotate by friction being capable of adjustment by means of a screw
In the case of the multiple systems of Telegraphy heretofore employed it is usual
after having in order to correct the synchronism set off about one fifteenth on the
circle of the device for dividing and distributing the time to divide the remainder
into four six eight or ten parts whereby quadruple sextuple Octuple or decuple
effect is obtained according to circumstances
The working of the autographic telegraph apparatus shews that contacts not
exceeding one six hundredth of a second in duration are yet capable of producing
a useful effect so that it is possible for the emissions of current to succeed one
another with great rapidity without danger of impairing the efficiency of the
electrical action but in order to reproduce a signal it is necessary to employ a
mechanical arrangement and this notwithstanding the perfection of the construction
is incapable of acting with the same rapidity as electricity-By means of this
Invention however it is rendered possible to transmit signals with a rapidity more
nearly corresponding to the electrical action-By employing emissions of equal
duration for both signs as hereinbefore described, it becomes possible to divide the
signals of a letter figure or sign of punctuation and thus obtain the desired result
as hereinafter described
The
In the Meyer's system when the unlocking has been effected by the divider it is
possible to send as many as four currents whilst the spindle is rotating so that
if only one emission is inade the time for three is wasted as well as the space
reserved for the communication with the earth necessary for producing the interval
between each signal. In this system in order to separate letters and words the 4
feed of the strip takes place transversely in lieu of longitudinally as in the Morse
system. All these disadvantages are obviated by means of this Invention.
signal being made by emissions of invariably uniform duration the interval between
the signs for each letter can be obtained by unwinding the strip longitudinally
whilst the carrier is rotating and the spaces between the letters are obtained b
by simply suspending the emissions Thus if one turn of the carrier serves for
producing the space between the letters two turns will suffice for the intervals
between the words and the transmission thus takes place with mathematical
accuracy.
The division into segments as usually practised is consequently dispensed with 5
the disc being composed of equal plates each of which suffices for a telegraphic
transmission

page_text: By these means it is rendered possible to multiply the action to a very con-
iderable extent. In order to facilitate the discharge each plate may be arranged
n proximity to another plate communicating with earth In consequence of the
peculiar arrangement of the plates it is rendered possible after each positive current
to send a negative current of such duration and intensity as to neutralize or
overcome the traces of the preceding current A third plate brought into action
after the two first serves to connect the line wire with earth for a time which may
be readily ascertained by experiment and amounting to double treble or quadruple
that of the two emissions.
The charging of a line depends firstly on the intensity of the current and
secondly on the duration of the contact that is to say of the emission. Heretofore
The transmitter
sufficient importance has not been attached to this second cause
or contact maker with double current and two levers sends currents whose duration.
In multiple transmissions by.
is generaly less than one thirtieth of a second.
causing the number of revolutions of the carrier to vary from One hundred and
twenty to three hundred revolutions per minute emissions of current may be
produced varying from One hundredth to One seven hundredth of a second a time.
It is thus rendered possible
which is considered sufficient to ensure good contact
to increase the number of elements to a considerable extent and to send a more
powerful current without increasing the charge of the line.
In connection with this part of the Invention an improved galvanometric relay
or relay with movable magnet hereinafter described is employed giving positive
or negative contacts or currents according to the direction of its oscillations and
these contacts serve to operate the improved receiving apparatus hereinbefore
described
This improved apparatus which is more especially adapted to be employed in
submarine telegraphy is provided with a number of coils corresponding to the
length of the cables and, 's weight is extremely small. The magnet is suspended
magnet is affixed a short and very fine platinum wire
by a silk-thread and to
resting upon or dipping into a drop of mercury so that the two parts make contact.
At a short distance from the extremity or point of the magnet is provided another'
drop of mercury or a silver leaf or plate which strikes the magnet at each deviation.
By placing the drops of mercury firstly herein before described in communication
with the receiving instrument and connecting the second drop of mercury or silver
leaf with a battery the circuit is completed through the magnet and a relay of
great sensitiveness is thus obtained.
By means of the improved system of signals in the multiple telegraph herein-
before described it is rendered possible to place a great number of receivers on one
line and to transmit different messages to all the receivers simultaneously and the
said improved system is also capable of. being employed in transmitting signals by
means of perforated strips, the employment of such strips in multiple telegraphs
forming a feature of this Invention. In carrying out this part of the Invention
a perforated strip fed forward automatically by a mechanical arrangement is
substituted in the place of the ordinary key board heretofore employed and which
5 rendered it necessary for the operator to send each signal separately, a positive
or negative current according to circumstances is then transmitted at each'
When the carrier describes a revolution without a
revolution of the carrier.
corresponding current blank spaces between letters or words are produced but
the strip advances by one tooth or pin at every revolution of the carrier.
0
The automatic transmitting arrangement hereinbefore described may be combined
with a receiver constructed according to this invention in which case the feed of the
perforated strip is effected by a suitable arrangement operated by the clockwork
of the said receiver.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th January 1883.
"s
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED THEREWITH " a communication from Edouard
Estienne of Paris in the Republic of France
This Invention relates to Electric Telegraphy and it consists of an Improved
System of Signals and improvements in the construction and arrangement of
Telegraphic apparatus as hereinafter described whereby it is rendered possible to
transmit messages with greater speed and precision than heretofore.
In carrying out this Invention reversed currents are employed each emission
being instantaneous and of the same duration. When acted on by a positive current
the receiver reproduces a signal instantaneously; a similar effect is produced by a
negative current but a different signal is given.-These two distinct signals are
combined in a convenient manner such as that hereinafter described to indicate letters
figures and signs of punctuation.
The Morse code or alphabet also comprises two different signs only, but the
present Invention, which is based on different principles to the Morse System, relates
to a peculiar mode of employing Signals of this class to form a code and is not
confined to any particular combination of Signs.
In the case of the Morse System, the emissions of the current being of unequal
duration and the current being always in the same direction, it is most convenient
in making the combinations to employ the dot as this sign is produced by a contact
three times shorter than that required for the dash.
According to the present Invention on the contrary by employing reversed
currents of equal duration the sign is changed with the greatest facility by simply
reversing the current. Although the grouping of the signs is to a certain extent
analogous to that of the Morse System the forms of the signs are changed and their
arrangement is also different.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed Sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding figures.
According to this Invention the dashes are not placed in the direction of the 3
length of the ribbon of paper but are drawn transversely to the latter.-Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 2, illustrate an example of the Signals produced by a receiver
constructed according to this Invention. These signs consist of two dashes of
equal thickness placed parallel to each other and transversely to the strip of
paper. One of the dashes is about double the length of the other, the shorter or 4
half length dash being substituted for the dot. This code or form of writing is
merely given by way of example, it being evident that other combinations may be
employed, for example the dashes may be all of the same length or dots alone
may be employed, such dashes or dots being distinguished by differently colored
inks as this part of the Invention consists essentially in arranging the signs 4
transversely to the strip or ribbon of paper and producing them by reversing the
direction of the current.
This transverse arrangement of the signs causes the writing to bear a certain
resemblance to written and printed characters and is as regular as the latter.
Moreover each letter being clearly distinguished by the size or number of signs 50

page_text: employed is not liable to be mistaken for another as is the case in bad manuscript
writing and much less space is required for the improved signs than for those made
according to the ordinary method.
This system of writing renders it possible to so combine the signals as to enable
them to indicate two letters simultaneously. For this purpose, the contact instead
of being instantaneous must be slightly prolonged so as to drag the dash sideways
and by these means a variety of combinations may be obtained, such for example
as those illustrated in figure 1, Sheet 2. In the example illustrated, the con-
sonants b, c, l, are combined with the Vowels, a, e, i, o, by simply thickening one of
the dashes employed to represent the consonant, thus dispensing with a separate*
Signal to indicate the vowel.
The apparatus employed in working this improved system of telegraphy may vary
as to the form and details of its construction but the combination of apparatus
hereinafter described is found to give the best results.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the accompanying drawings illustrates the general arrangement
of a receiver constructed according to this Invention. Figure 2 is a front elevation
of the same the plate being removed. Figure 3 is a transverse section of part of
the apparatus and figures 4, 5 and 6, are details of the speed regulator
The function of the Clockwork motion shewn in these figures is to feed up the
paper strip or ribbon m, the ordinary marking or inking device is dispensed with
and the Signs are produced by means of an entirely independent and special
arrangement hereinafter described.
Motion is imparted to a feeding roller a (figure 1,) by the intervention of the
wheel work and a pinion b (figure 2,) fast on the axis of the said roller.
The path
of the paper m is clearly indicated in figure 1. Full length dashes and half length
dashes are marked transversely upon the paper by means of two pens, t, t', of
different width hereinafter described.
adjustable brake or
working in contact
train. The cone c is
This frame is raised
The speed of the apparatus is controlled by means of an
governor consisting of a friction cone c, figures 2, 4, 5 and 6,
with a friction wheel f, on the axis of the last wheel of the
mounted on a spindle carried in a frame sliding in guides g, g'.
or lowered by a fork h operated by a knob or handle d. The wheel f, revolves
with, but is capable of sliding upon, its spindle and is maintained in contact with
the cone c by a spring . By raising or lowering the cone the relative speeds of
the cone c and wheel f, can be regulated at will and the position of the cone is
indicated on a graduated scale by a pointer e connected to the handle d. This speed
regulator may be combined with the ordinary flyers or vanes of the Morse apparatus
as shewn in figure 9, Sheet 1.
The maximum speed may be attained by placing between a spring R which
presses on the end of the Spindle of the wheel, f, and the side plate A, a wedge c'.
connected to a screwed rod which is raised or lowered by means of a nut cll.
figures 2 and 5. By thus raising or lowering the wedge c¹. the pressure of the
spring R, on the spindle of the wheel f, and consequently the resistance to the
rotation of the clockwork can be regulated at will.
At the right, in figure 2, is shewn a lever handle M, connected to a blade
Spring. The mechanism can be stopped and released instantaneously by means
of this device by causing the spring, to press upon or release the spindle of the
wheel, f.
The hollow base B of the receiver contains the lower part of a powerful
permanent magnet n, hereinafter referred to and may also contain a resistance coil
or the reel of paper.
The magnet n, in the form of a wide U is arranged with its poles facing the
extremities of two vertical pallets or armatures, o, o', of soft iron mounted on a brass'
or copper spindle p. On a prolongation of this Spindle in the front is also provided
a forked arm q, figures 1 and 3.
On opposite sides and in proximity to the pallets or armatures o, o³, are arranged
iron plates, u, u', bent at right-angles and forming polar extensions of the soft iron

page_text: cores of two electro magnets.-The helices or coils of these magnets are so wound or
arranged that under the influence of a current, their adjacent extremities present
poles of opposite denominations and the polar plates or extensions consequently
present on each side of the oscillating armatures poles of opposite denominations.-
The permanent magnet n, attracts and polarises the oscillating armatures, o, o', and
tends to retain them in a vertical position but when the electro magnets and their
polar extensions are excited by the passage of a current, each polarised armature is
attracted towards the pole of the opposite denomination.
When the current is interrupted, the pallets, not being beyond the field of
attraction of the magnet n, are drawn back by the latter to the vertical position as
by a counter spring. The oscillations of the pallets are transmitted to the fork q,
keyed on the same axis.
Figures 10 and 11, Sheet 1, represent a modified arrangement of the Electro
magnets hereinbefore described. In place of two coils, four plates or polar
extensions and two pallets; four coils, eight plates and four pallets are employed.
The coils are so wound in this instance, that when a current passes in one series of
Electro magnets, the four pallets are attracted in the same direction and when in
the other series, the attraction is in the opposite direction. The effects thus produced
all combine to impel the axis of the pallets in the same direction. The end and
middle pallets may be connected by a copper rod. The middle pallets may be
arranged to face a second permanent magnet which in this case must necessarily
present its poles in the opposite direction.
The same effects may also be obtained by arranging four electro magnets
A, B, C, D, (figure 12, Sheet 1,) between the ends of which are arranged two double
pallets o, O, as shewn, each provided with a permanent magnet n, N, for the
purpose herein before set forth.
It will further be observed in figures 3 and 5. Sheet 1, that a sensitive spring",
is placed above the pallet, o'., and serves to return the latter to the vertical position
whenever by any external cause (such as terrestrial magnetism for example) it tends
to deflect to the right or to the left.-This spring is attached on the one hand to the
pallet o¹, and on the other hand to a small endless chain, r', wound upon two pulleys,
one of which can be turned by hand.-A pointer a³. (figure 3,) fixed on the
prolongation of the axis of the pallets indicates the deviation of the pallets in either
direction upon a graduated scale.
Figures 11 and 12 Sheet 5 illustrate in elevation and transverse Section
respectively an arrangement worked by an electro-magnet with horizontal pallets
or arinatures. The fork which operates the pens oscillates upon an axis, p, which
also carries horizontal pallets or armatures, o, o', having pointed extremities which
face corresponding movable or adjustable pointed bars, b, b', fixed to a permanent
magnet A.
The pallets are alternately attracted and repelled by adjustable polar
plates p, p, p, p, fixed to the cores of four electro-magnets 1, 2, 3 and 4, arranged
in pairs and fastened to a plate P.-This arrangement may be duplicated and in
this case the axis, p, is prolonged so as to connect the pallets of both groups.
The pens, and t, hereinbefore referred to are preferably composed of thin
rectangular plates around which is passed a silk ribbon stretched by any convenient
means. (See figures, 5 and 6, Sheet 4,)-The ribbon can easily be turned upon the
plates, so that when the part which strikes the paper is worn, it can be readily
changed. The pen may thus be made to last for a considerable time.
Figure 7, Sheet 1, illustrates a pen in which sponge wool or other like material
may be employed.-These substances as shewn in the drawing are pressed between
two blades or plates arranged in a similar manner to the blades of a drawing pen.
The width of these pens corresponds to the length of the dashes to be produced
and are arranged to strike the paper transversely-Two pens are employed, one.
serving to form the full length dashes and the other the half length dashes. The
lower parts of these pens dip into an ink trough v, figure 1, Sheet 1, and the ink
ascends the Silk ribbon sponge wool or other equivalent material by capillary
attraction and is thus conducted to the extremity of the pen.

page_text: The ink trough v, may be so arranged as to shew the level of the Ink at all
times. With this object, a system of communicating Vessels, or troughs_v, 8, r,
(figures 5 and 6,) Sheet 3, arranged at the same level, is employed. The ink
troughs v, may sometimes be dispensed with, the pens themselves being adapted to
form reservoirs of ink for this purpose a receptacle made of wire gauze and
containing a fine Sponge saturated with ink is provided at the lower part of the
pens. This ink filters through the Sponge to the Silk ribbon or its equivalent and
is transferred to the paper as in the arrangement hereinbefore described.
:
These inking arrangements are well suited to be employed in combination with
the Morse System. One of the pens herein before described is attached to the end
of the lever which when it rises applies the paper against the roller in the ordinary
morse arrangement, and the roller there used is dispensed with.-In the position
usually occupied by the axis of this roller, there is placed another and independent
axis carrying a Cylindrical roller, acting simply as a guide for the paper.-The pen
strikes this cylinder directly and the paper ribbon which is wrapped round this
cylinder thus receives the impression from below.-When this arrangement is
employed, it will be advantageous to arrange the paper ribbon in a drawer in the
base of the apparatus, thus enabling two of the guides usually employed to be
dispensed with.
The pens, t, t¹, are actuated by the oscillating fork, q, (Figures 1, and 3, Sheet 1,)
keyed upon the axis, p, of the pallets, o, o', of the Electro Magnet, the legs ppi
(Figure 7 Sheet 4) of the said fork being provided with a vertical slot in which
works a pin or stud connected to the pens which oscillate upon their respective
axes placed on each side of the printing cylinder a When the fork q (Figure 1,
sheet 1) swings to the right it draws with it the tails of the pens t t so that the
pen t¹ inscribes say a full length dash upon the ribbon m of paper and when the
said fork swings to the left the movements are reversed a half length dash being
then inscribed by the pent upon the paper ribbon m which in the meantime has
been drawn forward by the clockwork to the extent required to form the proper
interval between the signals. Fig 8 Sheet 1 is a slight modification of the fork q
which in this instance imparts motion to the pens t t by the intervention of a
cross bar xx.
The arrangement shown in figure 10 sheet 5 may sometimes be employed and
consists of two ink containing pens t t' carried on levers provided with counter-
weights being pivotted at o o' and actuated by the single fork g.
In the several arrangements herein before described the full length dash is
described by a single pen but it may be made with two pens arranged in the same
line and striking the paper simultaneously. This arrangement is hereinafter
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 sheet 4. The oscillating fork q
terminates in two hooks e and e¹ and two pens tt' oscillate side by side on a
centre I the holder of each pen being also provided with arms carrying pins g g¹.
The pin g of the pen t is prolonged and passes to the right of the upper hook e and
the pin g of the pen t¹ passes to the left of the lower hook e'. This pin is also
prolonged in front so as to rest upon the lower part of the holder of the pen t and
cause the latter to oscillate with the pen t¹. When the fork 9 oscillates to the right
(Figure 3) the upper hook e comes in contact with the pin g and actuates the pen t
which touches the paper and forms a half length dash. When the said fork
oscillates to the left (Figure 4) the lower hook e¹ comes in contact with the pin gl
and both the pens and t are then operated and form two half length dashes
simultaneously which thus combined form a full length. dash.
According to another arrangement illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 sheet 2
the paper is caused to pass from the reel under two guide rollers over a cylinder j
arranged underneath pens a a¹ and under another guide roller arranged in the same
plane as the first two guide rollers. In this case also the sole function of the
clockwork is to feed forward the paper or the feed may be produced by means of
the ordinary Morse arrangement. The signs or marks are produced upon the paper
as it passes over the cylinder; by means of the tapering tubular pens a a¹ which

page_text: are filled with sponge or other analogous substance and bent to the form of a
semicircle so as to enable them to take up a supply of ink from troughs bb¹
arranged on each side of the cylinder. These pens are carried on the upper
extremities of levers pivotted at e e' to the side plate A and provided with studs or
pins at their lower extremities which studs or pins engage with slots or openings
formed in the upper extremities of two vertical oscillating arms or levers cc The
axes on which these levers oscillate carry four horizontal arms & d' d d¹ (Figures 3
and 6) presenting four armatures in proximity to the poles of two electro
magnets acting in a similar manner to those in the case of the receiver firstly
herein before described the said arms or armatures being arranged in proximity to
but out of contact with a permanent magnet g also operating in a similar manner
to the one hereinbefore described. The coils on the electro magnets are so
arranged that when one pair of armatures is attracted the other is repelled thus
causing the levers c c¹ to oscillate and bring one of the pens into contact with the
paper and produce a full length or a half length dash according to the direction of
the current Springs ff' serve to bring the parts back to their normal position
when no current is passing. The cylinder supporting the paper during the marking
is carried on an axis supported by a plate which may be raised or lowered at will
by means of a screwed rod 7 provided with a milled head and secured in the
required position by means of a set screw k. The ink troughs bb' consist of two
horizontal tubes connected by a transverse tube and provided with suitable orifices
for the passage of the lower ends of the pens.
Perforated strips or ribbons may be employed with advantage in conjunction
with this improved system of telegraphy the perforations being produced either
mechanically or by means of electricity as hereinafter described or otherwise. The
paper may be perforated each time a signal is transmitted by employing two
prickers or punches one on the right the other on the left of the pens. In order
that the punches or prickers may not injure the cylinder the latter is provided
with two parallel annular grooves one being under each punch or pricker.
Two parallel rows of holes are thus formed in the strip and although the spaces
between the holes in each row may vary two holes can never be produced on one
and the same transversal line.
The strips so perforated may be employed in transmitting apparatus in the
manner next hereinafter described. A metallic surface is provided composed of
two insulated pieces of metal one of which pieces is connected with the positive
pole of a battery whilst the other is connected with the negative pole of another
battery. The perforated strip is drawn over this surface in such a manner that
one row of perforations passes over one of the pieces whilst the other row passes
over the other piece and over the strip is arranged a rod provided at one extremity
with two flexible branches at the same distance apart as the rows of perforations.
Now supposing this rod to be connected with the line and the two branches to rest
upon the paper positive or negative emissions of current will be transmitted to the
line according as the perforations in the paper allow the rod by the intervention of
one or the other of its branches to be placed in communication with the positive or
negative piece of metal
Messages may thus be transmitted with great precision by means of the travelling
strip of perforated paper:
The strip may be perforated in the first instance by the aid of a. mechanical
device or apparatus constructed as next hereinafter described and illustrated on
sheet 3. Figure 1 is a plan Figure 2 a longitudinal section Figure 3 a transverse
section and Figure 4 a view of the underside of the said apparatus.
Two plates a a¹ are arranged horizontally upon a hollow base or support on the
Office table and present a space between them for the passage of the paper strip b
which is to be perforated. These plates are provided with three holes (Figure 2)
arranged in a line across the strip and three corresponding punches c c c in the
base work vertically in these holes The two outer punches c c are both of the
same diameter but the centre punch c¹ is smaller than the other two and merely

page_text: serves to make those perforations in the strip that are necessary for enabling the
paper to be fed forward with regularity by means of a small wheel i provided with
pins on its periphery. The punches are brought back to their normal position by
means of three helical springs acting on shoulders on the stems of the punches.
The punches are pushed up through the holes in the plates and thus caused to
perforate the paper by means of three levers e el ell and a fourth or intermediate
lever farranged in the interior of the base the said levers being actuated by means
of three plungers d d' d" connected with the front extremities of the levers e e¹ ell
and which may be driven down by a hammer or otherwise.
The rear extremities of the levers e c' el are so arranged that when either of
the outer levers e and e" and punches c and c" are operated the middle punch c¹ is
also moved by the intervention of the intermediate lever pivotted on the same
axis and is thereby caused to perforate the paper at the same time.
The lever e¹ is
also capable of being operated independently of the other two although each move-
ment of the said lever el operates the intermediate lever f which actuates the middle
punch c¹ and is also connected with the feed mechanism for the purpose of enabling
the proper spaces to be formed between the signs composing a letter and between
the letters themselves. This intermediate or connecting lever fis provided with a
vertical arm f' against which rests the end of a screw connected to an arm on the
spindle or axis which operates the feed.
When any one of the plungers is depressed the vertical arm f¹ of the intermediate
lever facts on a blade spring g. Two horizontal spindles or axes h h' are provided at
the upper part of the perforating apparatus. The axis his shorter than the axis h¹
and carries the small feed wheel i working in an opening in the upper plate a whilst
the other and longer axis h carries a catch or detent jone side of which engages
with the pins on the wheel i the other side being provided with a hook k
figure 3
Two arms (Figure 1) are provided upon the longer axis or spindle h. The
arm carries an adjusting screw the extremity of which bears against the blade
spring g attached to the base. This spring is provided with a projection which
extends underneath the arm and through a hole in this projection passes a
screw m on the arm 1. A small rod is screwed to the end of the projection on the
spring at n and passing through the base plate is also connected to the vertical arni
of the fourth or intermediate lever f by a screw. The axis h is also provided with
a small bent finger o Figure 1 which moves with the axis and rests on the catch.
A blade spring g' at one side of this axis has a constant tendency to rotate the
spindle or axis h and operate the feed but is counterbalanced by the more powerful
blade spring 9.
When any one of the plungers is depressed the lever f moves and its arm f¹
draws down the rod connected to the spring g The spring g¹ then causes the
spindle to rotate from left to right the arin descends and the catch (which is
provided with a suitable spring not shown in the Drawings) slips over one tooth or
pin on the feed wheel. The paper is then perforated by continuing to press down
the plunger. When the pressure is removed from the plunger the spring g causes
the axis or spindle h to turn in the opposite direction and the catch pushes forward
the wheel for the space of one tooth thus moving forward the perforated strip
which is held by the said teeth or pins. The upper part of the catch is so
constructed as to steady the feed wheel whilst the paper is being perforated.
A perforating apparatus may be arranged at P Figure 1 sheet 1 in combination
with the receiving apparatus herein before described. When perforated ribbons are
employed for electrical transmissions a double communication with earth may be
made between each emission of current by an arrangement analogous to that
employed in the case of the transmitter hereinafter described.
The transmitter employed according to this Invention is illustrated in sheet 2
5 Figure 8 being a side elevation and Figure 9 a Plan This apparatus works with a
double current and is composed of two levers m n pivotted and capable of moving
independently upon axes o carried by brackets the whole mechanism being firmly

page_text: Johnson & Improvements in Electric Telegraphy, &c.
supported on a wooden base or stand p To one side of each lever is attached a
rigid stud or pin q q' of nonconducting material. These pins which may be made
of ivory for example are situated over flexible blades or contact springs
communicating with the earth and hereinafter referred to as "earth." Adjusting
screws 88' are arranged under each earth contact spring. A spring t underneath
each lever serves to elevate the front ends of the latter when the levers are at rest
and maintain the rear ends in contact with the base but admits of the front ends
being depressed by a very slight pressure of the finger. These two weak springs
place the levers in communication with the binding screw u connected with
the line.
The levers are manipulated by means of knobs of nonconducting
material
Platinized studs, anvils or contact makers are provided on the underside of
each lever near both the front and rear ends and are capable of making electrical
contact.
The rear anvil which is in contact with the lever when the latter is at rest has
no other connection that is to say does not communicate with the receiver as in the
case of the Morse transmitter.
The front anvils are connected as follows
The right hand anvil with a binding screw or terminal u¹
The left hand anvil with a binding screw or terminal "
The binding screws u¹ and w¹¹ are also connected with the springs 8 and 8
respectively
Now if the binding screw u' be connected with the positive pole of a battery
and the binding screw u" with the negative pole each lever when depressed will
make a double contact (u' being connected with 8 and u with s) and one of the
poles of the battery will be connected with the earth through the earth
contact spring and the other pole will be connected with the line through the
terminal u
In order to establish or interrupt the communication with the receiver a spring
contact maker x at the rear of the apparatus is employed resting simultaneously
upon two studs x x provided on the sides of the levers This contact maker is
acted on by another spring underneath but not connected to the base.
Whenever one of the levers is moved this contact spring is lifted out of contact
with the other lever but remains in contact with the lever that is operated on A
very flexible pendent metal rod y is arranged at the rear of the apparatus and
forms part of the contact spring x. When the apparatus is at rest the lower
extremity of this rod bears against an adjustable screw z carried by a bracket
communicating with the receiving instrument so that communication is established
between the receiver and the apparatus and consequently with the line when the
two levers are at rest but the receiver is insulated when a lever is moved
A plate in communication with earth is arranged in front of the rod and this
arrangement enables the line to be discharged under most favorable conditions
Each emission of current will be preceded and followed by making the connection
with earth by means of this arrangement. If desired when a Morse transmitter is
employed a small disc may be provided at the side of the levers and caused to rotate
by friction being capable of adjustment by means of a screw.
Figures 8 and 9 Sheet 4 illustrate an arrangement of the transmitter which
differs from the preceding inasmuch as the two keys are formed by two springs
N N¹ A lever M draws the spring N with it and they each make a contact the
one at m the other at n. The same effect is produced in the case of the lever M'
A third lever V is placed underneath the levers M and M' being pivotted at o
This lever communicates with the receiver through x and the terminal "
The depression of one or the other of the levers pressing on a cross bar von
the end of the lever V causes the latter to oscillate and intercepts the communication
with the receiver. The lever V when at half stroke comes in contact at x with a
roller connected with earth. There is consequently a double discharge to earth

page_text: after each emission of current. As in the case of the transmitter herein before
described the two levers may be rigid the lever V may also be shortened.
Figure 13, Sheet 5 illustrates another arrangement of manipulator. The two
levers M M oscillate as in the ordinary Morse apparatus on centres o o' but the
extremity I of the lever M' is insulated from the remainder by means of a block E
of ebonite. The levers are also provided with screws V V which serve to depress
small levers arranged under the base of the manipulator. These levers when
descending are followed in the first part of their stroke by the levers k¹ which
come in contact with the screws m m¹ before the levers have completed their
stroke hence arises an interruption of contact at e e¹ The communications being
arranged as indicated in Sheet 5 it will be evident that if the lever M be lowered
the line is first placed in contact with earth through the screw V and lever and
that the cominunication with the receiving apparatus will be intercepted at the
same time at the point of contact q The line is also placed in communication
with the zinc at m at the same time that the copper is joined to earth at P
The same effects are produced during the ascent in inverse order this effecting
a double joining with earth before and after the emission When the lever M¹ is
manipulated the same results are obtained but the copper electrode is joined to
line and the zinc to earth and the communication between the line and the
apparatus is interrupted The spaces provided at m m' enable the duration of the
earth contact to be regulated.
In the case of the multiple systems of telegraphy heretofore employed it is usual
after having in order to correct the synchronism set off about one fifteenth on
the circle of the device for dividing and distributing the time to divide the
remainder into four six eight or ten parts where by quadruple sextuple octuple
or decuple effect is obtained according to circumstances.
The working of the autographic telegraph apparatus shows that contacts not
exceeding one six hundredth of a second in duration are yet capable of producing
a useful effect so that it is possible for the emissions of current to succeed one
another with great rapidity without danger of impairing the efficiency of the
electrical action but in order to reproduce a signal it is necessary to employ a
mechanical action and this notwithstanding the perfection of the construction is
incapable of acting with the same rapidity as electricity, hence arises the problem
how to allow the mechanical part a longer time in which to accomplish the work
which it has to perform without reducing the speed that the electricity is capable
of attaining, in other words to utilize the whole of the conducting powers of the
wire. This question is solved by means of this invention By employing emissions
of equal duration for both signs as hereinbefore described it becomes possible to
divide the signals of a letter, figure or sign of punctuation and thus obtain the
desired result as hereinafter described
In the Meyer system when the unlocking has been effected by the divider it is
possible to send as many as four currents whilst the spindle is rotating so that if
only one emission is made during one revolution the time for three is wasted as
well as the space reserved on the sector for the communication with the earth
necessary for producing the interval between each signal of a letter In this
system in order to separate letters and words the feed of the strip takes place
transversely in lieu of longitudinally as in the Morse system All these dis-
advantages are obviated by means of this invention The signals being made by
emissions of invariably uniform duration the interval between the signs for each
letter can be obtained by unwinding the strip longitudinally whilst the carrier is
rotating and the spaces between the letters are obtained by simply suspending
the emissions Thus if one blank turn of the carrier serves for producing the
space between the letters two blank turns will suffice for the intervals between the
words and the transmission thus takes place with mathematical accuracy.
The division into segments as usually practised is consequently dispensed with
the disc being composed of equal plates each of which suffices for a telegraphic
transmission By these means it is rendered possible to multiply the action to a

page_text: A third
very considerable extent so as to obtain not merely decuple but even centuple
telegraphy In order to facilitate the discharge each plate may be arranged in
proximity to another plate communicating with earth. In consequence of the
peculiar arrangement of the plates it is rendered possible immediately after each
emission of positive current to send a negative current of such duration and
intensity as to neutralise or overcome the traces of the preceding current
plate brought into action after the two first serves to connect the line wire with
earth for a time which may be readily ascertained by experiment and amounting
to double treble or quadruple that of the two emissions. The invention herein-
before described indicates a new departure in electric telegraphy and renders
possible the production of a perfect printing telegraph apparatus for submarine
lines. The charging of a line depends firstly on the intensity of the current and
secondly on the duration of the contact that is to say of the emission Heretofore
sufficient importance has not been attached to this, The transmitter or contact
maker with double current and two levers usually employed sends currents whose
duration is generally greater than one thirtieth of a second. In multiple trans-
missions by causing the number of revolutions of the carrier to vary from One
hundred and twenty to Three hundred revolutions per minute emissions of current
may be produced varying from one hundredth to one seven hundredth of a second
a time which is considered sufficient to ensure good contact. It is thus rendered
possible to increase the number of elements to a considerable extent and to send
a more powerful current thereby obtaining a more powerful action without
increasing the charge of the line.
In connection with this part of the invention an improved galvanometric relay
or relay with movable magnet hereinafter described is employed giving positive
or negative contacts or currents according to the direction of its oscillations, and
these contacts serve to operate the improved receiving apparatus herein before
described. One such relay is employed for each communication and its pointer is
thus allowed the time of one turn of the carrier for returning to its normal position
and a similar period is obtained for the mechanical action of the receiver.
This improved apparatus which is more especially adapted to be employed in
submarine telegraphy is provided with a number of coils corresponding to the
length of the cables and its weight is extremely small. The magnet is suspended
by a silk-thread and this magnet is affixed to a short and very fine platinum wire
resting upon or dipping into a conducting liquid At a short distance from the
extremity of the magnet is provided a silver leaf or plate against which the magnet
strikes at each deviation It is evident that if the liquid be in communication
with the receiving instrument and the silver leaf be connected with a battery the
circuit being completed through the magnet a relay of great sensitiveness is
obtained
By means of the improved system of distributing or dividing the signals in the
multiple telegraph hereinbefore described it is rendered possible to place a great
number of receivers on one line and to transmit different messages to all the
receivers simultaneously and the said improved system is also capable of being
employed in transmitting signals by means of perforated strips the employment of
such strips in multiple telegraphs forming a feature of this Invention In carrying
out this part of the Invention a perforated strip fed forward automatically by a
mechanical unlocking arrangement is substituted in the place of the ordinary
keyboard heretofore employed and which rendered it necessary for the operator to
send each signal separately. A positive or negative current according to circum-
stances is then transmitted at each revolution of the carrier. When the carrier
describes a revolution without a corresponding current blank spaces between letters
or words are produced the strip still advancing by one tooth or pin at every
revolution of the carrier.
An arrangement by means of which the operation of translation may be
performed with the apparatus the electro magnet may be used without a double
relay is next hereinafter described with reference to the diagram figure 8 Sheet 3.

page_text: Upon an axis a oscillate pallets P Let it be supposed that these pallets move
from P to P¹ with a positive current from P to P¹ with a negative current and
from P¹ to P when acted on by two inverse currents. Let an extremely sensitive
spring be placed above and in the prolongation of P so that when at zero (that
is to say at rest with the fork q in the vertical position) contact is made between
the axis a and the small spring which is connected with an insulating terminal.
The axis a being electrically connected with the apparatus let the positive pole.
of a battery be connected to the terminal P¹ and the negative pole of a second
battery to the terminal P" and the translation will then be obtained by arranging
the two apparatus as in the case of the Morse system. There will thus be one
terminal extra as there are two batteries employed.
If desired to make a discharge to earth an earth contact T may be arranged to
make contact with the pallet P at two points in the path of the latter for example
by prolonging the said pallet by means of a small rod t.
The translation being thus provided for a double relay may be constructed with
the electro-magnet and the various parts usually employed in apparatus of this
description.
It has been assumed that two distinct batteries are employed but it will be
readily understood that the inversion may be made in the translation and with the
double relay by providing that there shall be a double contact at the points P¹
and PThe pallet P in this instance would produce at the right and left the same
effect as each of the two rigid levers of the transmitter.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is.
First. The employment in electric telegraphy of means for producing a code
consisting of dashes and fractions of dashes drawn transversely to the ribbon of
paper substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 1. 2 and 2a
sheet 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Second. The employment in telegraphic receiving instruments of the speed
regulator consisting of an adjustable cone and friction wheel combined and
operating to control the speed at which the ribbon of paper is unwound
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 1. 2. 4. 5 6 and 9
sheet 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Third. In the telegraphic receiving instruments of the type herein before
described with reference to figures 1. 2. 3. 10. 11 and 12 sheet 1 and figures 4. 5
and 6 sheet 2 the employment of the electro magnetic device for operating the pens
or marking instruments substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the said figures.
Fourth. In telegraphic receiving instruments of the type hereinbefore referred
to the means for causing the pallets to return to their original position when
deflected substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 3 and 5ª
sheet 1.
Fifth. In telegraphic receiving instruments the employment of marking
instruments or pens constructed and operated substantially as herein before described
with reference to Figures 7 sheet 1, figs 5 and 6 sheet 3, and figs 3 to 7 sheet 2.
Sixth. The arrangements for perforating the ribbon of paper by means of the
receiving instrument substantially as hereinbefore described
Seventh. Perforating the ribbon of paper by means of a mechanical perforator
constructed and operating substantially as herein before described with reference to
figures 1. 2. 3 and 4 sheet 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighth. In telegraphic receiving instruments the arrangement for unwinding
the ribbon substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figure 1
sheet 1 of the drawings.
Ninth. The employment of transmitting instruments constructed and operating

page_text: substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figures 8 and 9 sheet 2
figures 8 and 9 sheet 4 and figure 13 sheet 5 of the drawings.
"
Tenth. The employment of the galvanometric relay arranged and operating
substantially as herein before described.
Eleventh. The combination of means herein before set forth enabling a
considerable number of receivers to be placed upon a single conductor and receive
a practically unlimited number of different messages simultaneously substantially
as herein before described
In witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal this twenty-sixth day of January One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.