IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CURE OF SMOKEY CHIMMIES AND IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Canham, of Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, and Frederick William Kreut, of Guildford Street, Farringdon
Road, also in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CURE OF SMOKEY CHIMMIES
AND IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND OTHER PLACES."
Sealed the 27th September 1867, and dated the 30th March 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Canham and
Frederick William Kreut at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th March 1867.
We, RICHARD CANHAM, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, and
FREDERICK WILLIAM KREUT, of Guildford Street, Farringdon Road, also in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CURE OF SMOKEY
CHIMNIES AND IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND OTHER PLACES," to be as fol-
lows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
employed in the cure of smokey chimneys and in ventilating buildings and
other places, and relates, firstly, to improved combinations of parts forming
caps or tops for chimneys and for ventilating purposes, and formed of any
suitable material.

page_text: One arrangement consists in combining a cone or pyramid at its base with
the base of an inverted truncated cone or pyramid, the upper cone or pyramid
being provided with suitable apertures, and a plate or small inverted cone or
pyramid in the upper part thereof to divide the upward current of smoke or
air, and thereby deflect it towards the said apertures; a truncated cone or
pyramid or a suitable revolving cover with suitable apertures therein may be
employed to cover the apertures in the upper cone or pyramid; the lower
truncated cone or pyramid is supported at a suitable distance from another
inverted cone connected at its lower end to the chimney top or ventilating
shaft, a portion of such chimney top or ventilating shaft passing up a suitable
distance into the interior of the parts before described; by these means the
wind will be suitably deflected, so as to promote ventilation or the passing
away of the smoke, thereby preventing currents of wind passing down the
chimney or ventilating shaft.
Another arrangement of chimney or ventilating cap consists in the applica-
tion of suitable guides or deflectors to such caps as are formed with a series of
tubes, truncated cones, or pyramids, or with openings in the sides thereof, such
guides or deflectors being fixed at a suitable distance below each of the cones,
pyramids, tubes, or apertures, so as to collect the wind and direct it into the
mouths of the cones, pyramids, tubes, or openings.
Another arrangement of chimney or ventilating cap consists in the applica-
tion of one or more tubular guards to cover suitable apertures formed in the
body of the chimney or ventilating cap, such apertures being in the form of
narrow horizontal slits or openings, a plate or inverted cone or other suitably
shaped deflector being fixed within the cap just above the openings, so as to
deflect the smoke thereto; the top of the cap may be surmounted by a cone
or other suitably shaped cover, and suitable guides or deflectors may be
employed with this cap as last described.
Another arrangement consists in the employment in combination with re-
volving cowls or lobster back chimney caps or ventilators, of a tubular passage
passing from front to back thereof, and having trumpet-shaped mouths one at
each end; a long cylindrical part is connected to such lobster back cowl, passing
down over the chimney top or ventilating shaft, such chimney top or ventilating
shaft being provided at its upper end with two cones connected together at
their bases and at a suitable distance above the top thereof; a scraper is also
provided, as is well understood, to clear off any accumulation of soot from the
inside of the revolving part.
Another part of the Invention consists in the employment of suitable
scrapers to scrape away the pargetting or soot where such has accumulated in

page_text: the bends of a flue or ventilating shaft, for the purpose of more nearly
equalizing the size thereof, and thereby facilitate a better draft up such flue
or shaft; and by preference we propose to apply such scrapers to chains or to
plates fixed thereto with facility of adjustment to different sizes, and capable
of being brought into action on one or both sides as desired.
Another part of the Invention consists in the application of double sets of
self-acting mica or other suitable valves to a ventilating shaft, so as to prevent
or moderate sudden drafts of air passing through such shaft, and at the same
time to prevent down drafts, one set of such valves being fixed at or near the
top of a ventilating shaft, whilst the other set is fixed at or near the bottom
thereof. Instead, however, of employing double sets of valves, as described,
the upper sets may be dispensed with and inclined covers used in their stead.
In applying the Invention to railway carriages a set of inlet valves would be
placed at each end of the carriage, suitable outlets being fixed in the roof or
at the ends of the carriage, one set of valves acting as inlets when the carriage
is travelling in one direction, and the other set when travelling in the other
direction, the outlets acting alternately in a similar manner.
Another part of the Invention consists in the mode of mounting such valves
so as to obtain greater sensitiveness of action thereto.. For this purpose the
valve is hung upon a hinge or axis fixed in a position slightly diverging from
a vertical line, whilst the valve when closed is in a vertical position; and in
cases where such valves are exposed to great heat, and at the same time to
prevent noise, we form them of woven. asbestos suitably strengthened. and.
hung at one edge; or such valves may be formed of tale and a covering or.
strip of asbestos may be applied thereto or to the seats of the valves. Instead,.
however, of employing asbestos for this purpose other suitable fibrous material
may be used for the prevention of noise where the valves are not subjected to
a high degree of heat.
Another part of the Invention relates to the application of regulators to
self-acting mica or other valves, and consists according to one arrangement in
the employment of a series of stops capable of turning on pin joints, and
connected together so as to be operated upon simultaneously by a cord, wire,
or chain capable of being fixed at different heights in order to regulate the
amount of motion of the valves. When the cord, wire, or chain is released'a.
weighted lever acts to remove the stops and. permit the unrestricted motion of
the valves. Another arrangement relates to rendering such regulators self-
acting. For this purpose a piston is employed working in a cylinder con-
taining mercury, such piston being connected to the stops before referred to;.
by these means, as the temperature increases the piston rises by the expansion.

page_text: of the mercury, and thereby acts to regulate the amount of motion to the
valves.
The Invention also relates to ventilators formed of gauze, and having a
suitable cover applied thereto, and consists in the application of springs to
such cover to close the opening through the ventilator, the opening thereof
being effected as usual by a cord, wire, or chain.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Canham and Frederick William Kreut in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RICHARD
CANHAM, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, and FREDERICK WILLIAM
KREUT, of Guildford Street, Farringdon Road, also in the County of Middle-
sex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Richard Canham and Frederick William Kreut, Her special licence
that we, the said Richard Canham and Frederick William Kreut, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Richard Cauham
and Frederick William Kreut, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CURE OF SMOKEY CHIMNIES
AND IN VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND OTHER PLACES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Richard Canham and Frederick William Kreut, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Canham, on behalf of myself
and the said Frederick William Kreut, do hereby declare the nature of

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
figures and letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
"The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
employed in the Cure of Smokey Chimneys and in Ventilating Buildings and
other Places," and relates, firstly, to improved combinations of parts forming
caps or tops for chimneys and for ventilating purposes, and formed of any
suitable material.
One arrangement consists in combining a cone or pyramid at its base with
the base of an inverted truncated cone or pyramid, the upper cone or pyramid.
being provided with suitable apertures, and a plate or small inverted cone or
pyramid in the upper part thereof to divide the upward current of smoke or air,
and thereby deflect it towards the said apertures; a truncated cone or pyramid
is employed to cover the apertures in the upper cone or pyramid; the lower
truncated cone or pyramid is supported at a suitable distance from another
inverted cone connected at its lower end to the chimney top or ventilating
shaft, a portion of such chimney top or ventilating shaft passing up a suitable
distance into the into the interior of the parts before described.
Figure 1 is a section, and Figure 2 an elevation of a chimney cap or
ventilator constructed as above described. a is a cone or pyramid having
apertures a¹ formed therein, and being connected at its base with an inverted
truncated cone or pyramid b, a plate a³ (or it may be a small inverted cone or
pyramid) is fixed in the cone or pyramid a to deflect the smoke towards the
apertures a³, such apertures a' being protected from direct currents of wind
by means of the truncated cone or pyramid d; another inverted truncated cone
or pyramid e is connected at its lower end to the chimney top or ventilating
shaft f, there being apertures for allowing rain water to pass away therefrom,
or the part e may be supported at a suitable distance from the chimney top
or ventilating shaft f, as shewn by the red lines e*; if desired a curtain or
cover may be provided, as shewn by the red lines g, to moderate the force of
wind entering between the parts b, d. The chimney top or ventilating shaft
passes up, as shewn, a suitable distance into the parts before described.
At Figures 3 and 4 we have shewn a slight modification, similar parts being
marked with similar letters of reference to those used with Figures 1 and 2.
In this case, instead of employing apertures a¹, as before described, we connect
to the upper part of the cone or pyramid a a tubular part a having suitable
apertures formed therein, as shewn, and we employ a vevolving cover h having
suitable apertures therein; by these means the wind will be suitably deflected

page_text: so as to promote ventilation or the passing away of the smoke, thereby
preventing currents of wind passing down the chimney or ventilating shaft.
Another arrangement of chimney or ventilating cap consists in the applica-
tion of suitable guides or deflectors to such caps as are formed with a series
of tubes, truncated cones, or pyramids, or with openings in the sides thereof,
such guides or deflectors being fixed at a suitable distance below each of the
cones, pyramids, tubes, or apertures, so as to collect the wind and direct it into
the mouths of the cones, pyramids, tubes, or openings.
Figure 5 shews a section of a chimney cap or ventilator constructed with a
series of truncated cones or pyramids a, b, c, to which we connect suitable
guides or deflectors d in order to collect the wind and direct it into the mouths
of the truncated cones or pyramids, thereby increasing the upward draft and
facilitating the passing away of smoke, impure air, or noxious vapours through
the chimney cap or ventilator. If desired the truncated cones or pyramids a, b, c,
may be reversed in position.
At Figure 6 we have shown a section of a portion of a chimney cap or
ventilator having apertures a formed therein, such apertures being provided
with guides or deflectors b, as shown, similar guides or deflectors may be
employed with chimney caps, or ventilators constructed with a series of parallel
tubes as will be well understood.
Another arrangement of chimney or ventilating cap consists in the applica-
tion of one or more tubular guards to cover suitable apertures formed in the
body of the chimney or ventilating, cap, such apertures being in the form of
narrow horizontal slits or openings, a plate or inverted cone or other suitably
shaped deflector being fixed within the cap just above the openings, so as to
deflect the smoke thereto, the top of the cap may be surmounted by a cone or
other suitably shaped cover.
Figure 7, is a section of a chimney cap or ventilator constructed as above
described. a is the chimney or ventilator shaft, having apertures a¹ formed
therein, such apertures q¹ being protected from direct currents of wind by the
tubular guard 6; a plate or, as shown in the Drawing, an inverted cone c is
fixed as shown to deflect the smoke or impure air towards the apertures a¹ ;
a cap or cover d is employed to protect the upper end of the shaft a. Suitable
guides or deflectors may be employed with this cap as last described.
Another arrangement consists in the employment in combination with
revolving cowls or lobster back chimney caps or ventilators of a tubular
passage passing from front to back thereof, and having trumpet-shaped mouths
one at each end; a long cylindrical part is connected to such lobster back cowl,
passing down over the chimney top or ventilating shaft, such chimney top or

page_text: ventilating shaft being provided at its upper end with two cones connected
together at their bases and at a suitable distance above the top thereof; a
scraper is also provided, as is well understood, to clear off any accumulation
of soot from the inside of the revolving part.
Figure 8 is a section, and Figure 9 is an outside view of a chimney cap or
ventilator constructed as above described. a is a lobster back cowl having a
tubular passage a¹ fixed therein, such passage being provided with trumpet-
shaped mouths a³, a³, as shown; the lobster back cowl is provided with a
cylindrical part a passing down over the chimney top or ventilating shaft b
as shown, and supported with capability of turning by the action of the wind
upon a pivot as shown; at the upper end of the shaft b we fix two cones c, c¹,
connected together at their bases, and carrying the pivot &, and we fix a
scraper d to the shaft b as shown; by these means any wind passing in at the
trumpet-shaped mouth a³ and out at a³ will induce a draft up the shaft b, and
thereby aid the passing away of smoke or foul air, whilst if any wind should
find its way around the trumpet-shaped mouth a³, and down the lobster back
cowl, it will be deflected by the cone c³, and caused to pass out at the lower
end of the cylindrical part a*.
Another part of the Invention consists in the employment of suitable
scrapers to scrape away the pargetting or soot where such has accumulated
in the bends of a flue or ventilating shaft, for the purpose of more nearly
equalizing the size thereof, and thereby facilitate a better draft up such
flue or shaft, and by preference we propose to apply such scrapers to chains
or to plates fixed thereto with facility of adjustment to different sizes, and
capable of being brought into action on one or both sides as desired.
Figure 10 is a view of scrapers constructed according to this part of our
Invention. a, a, are scrapers formed on or fixed to plates a', such plates
being connected to chains 6, 6, passing to the top and bottom of the chimney
or ventilator shaft; the plates a¹ are connected together with facility of
adjustment to different sizes of openings by means of the right and left handed
screws c taking into nuts as formed on or fixed to the plates a¹, or other means
of adjustment may be employed. When it is desired to clear away the
pargetting or soot which may have accumulated in the bends of a flue or
ventilating shaft, we first ascertain the exact position and dimension of the
obstructed part by passing down the flue or shaft different sized balls
connected to the ends of ropes or chains, we then adjust the scrapers a, a, to
the size ascertained and pass them down the flue or shaft until they are in
position to act on the part desired, the chains 6, 61, are then by any suitable
means caused to drag the scrapers a, a, to and fro until they have cleared the

page_text: obstructed part, the scrapers being removed from the flue or shaft, and set up
as often as may be required. In some cases we connect the nuts a³ to the
plates a' by pin joints, as shown by the red circles in Figure 10, and connect
the plates to chains passing to the top and bottom of the flue or shaft inde-
pendent of each other, thereby permitting of one set of scrapers being held
firmly in position whilst the other set is caused to rock thereon.
Another part of the Invention consists in the application of double sets of
self-acting mica or other suitable valves to a ventilating shaft, so as to
prevent or moderate sudden drafts of air passing through such shaft, and
at the same time to prevent down drafts, one set of such valves being fixed
at or near the top of a ventilating shaft, whilst the other set is fixed at or near
the bottom thereof. Instead, however, of employing double sets of valves as
described, one of such sets may be dispensed with and inclined covers used
therewith.
Figure 11 is a sectional diagram of a ventilator constructed according to
this part of our Invention. a is the shaft of the ventilator having a set of
self-acting mica or other suitable self-acting valves 6 at the lower end thereof,
and another set of self-acting valves c at the upper end thereof, the lower set
acting as inlets and the upper set as outlets, and we protect the upper set of
valves c from currents of wind by enclosing them in a suitable case d, and
covering them with inclined covers e, e¹, as shown.
In applying the Invention to railway carriages a set of self-acting inlet
valves would be placed at each end of the carriage, suitable outlets being
fixed in the roof or at the ends of the carriage, one set of valves acting as
inlets when the carriage is travelling in one direction, and the other set
when travelling in the other direction, the outlets acting alternately in a
similar manner, we have not thought it necessary to give a Drawing of this
part of our Invention, as such will be readily understood by a competent
mechanic.
Another part of the Invention consists in the mode of mounting such
valves as shown at Figures 12, 13, and 14, so as to obtain greater sensitive-
ness of action thereto. For this purpose the valves a, a, are hung upon
hinges or axes b, b, fixed in a position slightly diverging from a vertical line,
whilst the valves when closed are in a vertical position; and in cases where
such valves are exposed to great heat, and at the same time to prevent noise,
we form them of woven asbestos suitably strengthened and hung at one edge,
or such valves may be formed of talc, and a covering or strip of asbestos may
be applied thereto or to the seats of the valves.
Another part of the Iuvention relates to the application of regulators to

page_text: self-acting mica or other valves, and consists according to one arrangement
in the employment of a series of stops capable of turning on pin joints, and
connected together so as to be operated upon simultaneously by a cord, wire,
or chain capable of being fixed at different heights in order to regulate the
amount of motion of the valves; when the cord, wire, or chain is released a
weighted lever acts to remove the stops, and permit the unrestricted motion of
the valves.
Figure 15 represents a section of a ventilator having a regulator con-
structed as above described applied thereto. a, a, are the self-acting mica
or other self-acting valves which are hung upon axes a³, and b, b, arė rods
acting as stops to the valves, the amount of motion permitted to such valves
being regulated in the following manner:-The stops b, b, are mounted on
axes b', and are connected together by links c pin jointed thereto, on the axis
of the upper stop 6 is mounted an arm d, to which a cord, wire, or chain o is
connected, by pulling the cord, wire, or chain e and fixing it at any desired
height the rods or stops b, b, are lifted so as to regulate the amount of
motion permitted to the valves a as desired, whilst a weight facts upon the
rods or stops b, b, in the opposite direction.
The Invention also relates to ventilators formed of gauze, and baving a
suitable cover applied thereto, and consists in the application of springs to
such cover to close the opening through the ventilator, the opening thereof
being effected as usual by a cord, wire, or chain.
Figure 16 is a front view, and Figure 17 is a section of a ventilator thus
constructed. a is the glass to which the gauze ventilator b is fixed, such glass
being provided with a suitable aperture, as is well understood; c is the cover,
which, according to our Invention, is connected to springs d, which act to
close the cover c upon the gauze ventilator, a corde being used to adjust the
distance to which the cover c is removed from the ventilator.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the best means
with which we are acquainted for carrying the same into effect, we would
have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein
shown and described; but what we do claim is,-
Firstly, the peculiar combinations and arrangements of parts forming chimney
caps or ventilators, substantially as shown and described with respect to
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 of the Drawings annexed.
Secondly, we claim the application of guides or deflecters to collect the
wind and direct it in a suitable direction into the openings of chimney
caps or ventilators, substantially as shown and described with respect to
Figures 5 and 6.

page_text: Thirdly, we claim the peculiar arrangement and combination of parts of
lobster back chimney caps or ventilators, substantially as shown and described
with respect to Figures 8 and 9.
Fourthly, we claim the mode substantially as herein shown and described
with reference to Figure 10 of removing the pargeting or soot from a flue or
ventilating shaft where such has accumulated in the bends thereof.
Fifthly, we claim the construction of ventilators substantially as shown and
described with respect to Figure 11.
Sixthly, we claim the mode of mounting self-acting mica valves sub-
stantially as shown and described with respect to Figures 12, 13, and 14.
Seventhly, we claim the mode of regulating self-acting valves substantially
as shown and described with respect to Figure 15.
And, eighthly, we claim the mode of mounting the covers of gauze
ventilators upon springs substantially as shown and described with respect to
Figures 16 and 17 of the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Canham, on behalf of myself and
the said Frederick William Kreut, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
RICHARD CANHAM.
(L.B.)