IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Pashley, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES."
Sealed the 11th July 1873, and dated the 4th April 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Pashley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1878.
I, GEORGE PASHLEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to the construction of valves for
hydraulic purposes, but it may also be applied with equal advantage to
valves for steam and other purposes.
The seat of the valve is formed with a flat face, having two, three,
or more openings or ports, each communicating with its own inlet or
outlet passage, as the case may be.
The valve is in the form of a disc, having a corresponding flat face
working against the face of the seat, and the face of the valve is

page_text: provided with one or more recesses of such a form and size as to effect
a junction or communication between two of the openings or ports in
the face when the valve is turned, so that the recesses come over the
openings or ports; and to shut off such communication when the valvo
is turned, so as to present the flat portion of its face (between the
recesses) to the said ports.
The face of the valve is provided with a central stud fitting into a
corresponding central hole in the casing, or if preferred, the positions of
the stud and hole may be reversed.
The valve is enclosed above the seat in a casing so formed as to leave
a space above the back of the valve, and the latter is provided with a
central spindle passing out through a gland in the casing which is made
water-tight by means of a cup leather. The outer end of this spindle is
squared and fitted with a hand wheel or key, by means of which it can
be turned round so as to open or close the valve.
In order to equalize the pressure above and below the disc valve, and
to prevent the force of the water (or steam) from lifting the valve off its
seat a small opening or passage is made from the inlet passage below
the valve into the interior of the casing above the same, so that what-
ever pressure there may be below the valve, the same amount of
pressure is admitted above the same, and it thus becomes an equilibrium
valve, and the tendency to lift or leak is obviated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Pashley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
PASHLEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, send greeting.
2
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the a
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Pashley, Her special
licence that I, the said George Pashley, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Pashley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, tho
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN VALVES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Pashley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing, under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Pashley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
porformed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :—
My Invention relates principally to the construction of valves for
hydraulic purposes, but it may also be applied with equal advantage to
valves for steam and other purposes.
The seat of the valve is formed with a flat face, having two, three,
or more openings or ports, each communicating with its own inlet or
outlet passage, as the case may be.
The valve is in the form of a disc, having a corresponding flat face
working against the face of the scat, and the face of the valve is
provided with one or more recesses of such a form and size as to effect
a junction or communication between two of the openings or ports in
the face when the valve is turned, so that the recesses come over the
openings or ports; and to shut off such communication when the valvo
is turned, so as to present the flat portion of its face (between the
recesses) to the said ports.
The face of the valve is provided with a central stud fitting into a
corresponding central hole in the casing or, if preferred, the positions of
the stud and hole may be reversed.
The valve is enclosed above the scat in a casing, so formed as to have
a space above the back of the valve, and the latter is provided with a

page_text: central spindle passing out through a gland in the casing which is made
water-tight by means of a cup leather. The outer end of this spindle is
squared, and may be fitted with a hand wheel or key, by means of which
it can be turned round, so as to open or close the valve.
In order to equalize the pressure above and below the disc valve, and
to prevent the force of the water (or steam) from lifting the valve off its
seat, a small opening or passage is made from the inlet passage below
the valve into the interior of the casing above the same, so that what-
ever pressure there may be below the valve, the same amount of pressure
is admitted above the same, and it thus becomes an equilibrium valve,
and the tendency to lift or leak is obviated.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention I will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to
be or may be performed or carried into practical effect; and in order
that the same may be clearly understood I have annexed hereunto a
Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same
with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the
following explanation thereof: -
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawing is a plan view of a four-way valve-
complete, constructed according to my Invention, and Fig. 2 is a
side elevation of the same.
Fig. 3 is a face view of the seating; Fig. 4 an underneath view of the
same.
Fig. 5 is a section of the valve and seating complete, and Fig. 6 is a
face view of the valve detached.
The seating a, a, is formed with a flat face b, b, having four openings
or ports c, c, c, c, formed therein.
The valve d, d, is also formed with a flat face e, e, working against
the face b, b, of the seating, and is provided with two recesses f, f, of
such a form and size as to effect a junction or communication between
two of the ports c, c, when the valve is turned, so that the recesses ƒ, f,
come over the ports, and to shut off such communication when the
valve is turned so as to present the flat portion e, e, of its surface
(between the recesses f,f) to the said ports. 9, 9, is the central stud of
the valve which works in a corresponding central hole in the seating.
The valve casing or cover h, h, is so formed as to leave a space i, i, at

page_text: the back of the valve, and is provided with a cup leather k, k, through
which the spindle 1, 2, of the valve passes; m, m, is the small opening to
admit the water (or steam) to the back of the valve, so as to equalize the
pressure, and n, n, is a screw, by removing which tallow or other
lubricant may be applied to the face of the valve.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I
claim as my Invention the general arrangement and construction of the
valve, as herein-before described and represented on the Drawings
annexed, or any mere imitation or modification thereof, constructed and
operating in substantially the same or a similar manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Pashley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witnessed by
THOMAS E. DAVIES,
Patent Office,
Manchester.
GEORGE PASHLEY. (L.S.)