Improvements in Ovens.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1898-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1898
Improvements in Ovens.
I, GUSTAV SIMONS, of Soest, in the Province of Westphalia, Prussia, Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
-
My invention relates to an improved oven for baking a pure bread with a soft
crust both top and bottom of breadmeal or bread corn dough in the cheapest
manner and it consists in the combination of a stone oven with a hearth of sheet
iron which is adapted to receive the pieces of dough and is constructed as a
carriage so that it can be shifted in and out of the oven.
My improved invention is shown on the accompanying drawing on which
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the complete oven,
Figure 2 is a horizontal section,
Figure 3 is a detail of construction.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the drawing. a denotes
the outer casing of the oven, which is erected of ordinary bricks. is the inner
casing, which is so connected with the outer one that sideways and above are
formed channels c. The inner casing has throughout a fitting d of fire bricks,
the top part of which is covered with a layer e of pugging which is covered with
ashes. The stove can be closed in front by three doors, two of them f; f¹ are
hinged to the oven so as to be opened sideways, the third g is arranged in the
middle and hinged to the bottom edge of the stove opening so as to be turned up
and downwards.
Now into this stove I introduce a hearth A in form of a carriage so that it may
be easily shifted in and out of the oven.
This hearth is constructed of sheet iron. It consists of a rectangular frame h
to the top part of which are secured Z shaped rails or pieces i, the lower horizontal
shank serving to receive a supporting plate k. To the bottom of the frame h
are fixed by means of angle irons frame plates m running in longitudinal
direction of the hearth which are secured to angle irons n running across the
hearth by means of rails o. From the angle irons n extend upwards the vertical
ribs P which support the plate k from below they are secured to the angle irons n
by like irons q. Now to the inside of the Z shaped rails are fixed on the plates m
brackets in which are journalled shafts s carrying wheels t. Upon these wheels
rests the whole carriage and by means of them it may be shifted into and out
of the oven.
A plates resting on the upper horizontal shank of the rails i is
provided to retain the glowing heat from the pieces of dough applied to the
plate k.
T
The working of my improved oven is as follows:
The carriage is first taken out and the oven filled with wood, wood coal or
the like fuel which is lighted. The side doors f, f' are closed, the middle door g
is left open, the fire gases may be guided into the smoke box extending over the
middle door and from there into the chimney, until the fuel is perfectly burned

page_text: up. Now the middle door will also be closed until the ashes are burned out and,
the fire brick fitting being thoroughly heated so that the baking process can take
place. For this purpose all three doors are opened and the carriage to which are
supplied the pieces of dough is introduced into the oven the bottom of which
is still covered with ashes so that an easy shifting of the carriage is obtained.
The carriage will be covered with the sheet iron plate s in order to retain the
glowing heat from the bread. The doors are now closed hermetically by tighten-
ing all clefts with clay.
In such a stove may be produced during 12 hours about 300 loaves of 5 pounds
weight with a slight quantity of fuel and it may be easily understood that the
attendance of such a stove is very simple, quick and secure, for cleaning the
stove from ashes is unnecessary and no loss of heat therefore can take place.
The hot air channels being arranged sideways and above combined with the
covering plate s¹ afford a soft top and bottom crust whilst in an ordinary stove
it is often the case that the loaves which are put direct on the stone hearth, are
perfectly burnt up. The heat which in my stove is throughout uniform can not
damage the carriage which thus is kept also always clean. It is sufficient to
grease the supporting plate k in order to easily remove the finished loaves. The
loaves are perfectly baked and therefore of good taste.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In an oven for baking bread the combination of a stone hearth having side
and an upper heat channel with a carriage of sheet metal which is provided with
wheels so that it may be shifted in and out of the oven and adapted to receive the
bread to be baked, a covering plate being provided to retain the glowing heat
from the bread as and for the purpose set forth.
Doted this 15th day of Anril 1898
GUSTAV SIMONS,
By A. Daumas,
Agent for Applicant.