IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING-TELEGRAPII APPARATUS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING-TELEGRAPII APPARATUS." A communication
from abroad by La Société Secondo Roos and Francesco Ostrogovich, of
Florence, Italy.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the Firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING-TELEGRAPHI
APPARATUS." [A communication from abroad by La Société Secondo Roos and
Francesco Ostrogovich, of Florence, Italy.]
This Invention relates to improvements in printing telegraphs of the kind known
as "Hughes's telegraph" with type-wheels; its object is to increase the speed of
transmission to enable printing by continuous movement and correction for each
lotter or character printed to be obtained without lossening the duration of the
line current to make the duration of the current sufficient for communicating
directly at any distance and still preserve the same time for the mechanical
movements. For these purposes I make the working automatic and increase the
number of alphabets on the type-wheel arranging the chariot accordingly.
The automatic movement is obtained by a perforated paper band which
establishes the communications in the distributor so that on the passage of the
chariot the disengaging or releasing of the apparatus takes place at the instant
desired for the impression of the letter or character.
If all the letters or characters were represented simply the paper band would
necessarily be excessive either in length or in width. To make the system
practicable I profit by the combinations which may be made with eight units
combined in pairs, the number of these combinations is twenty eight, precisely
equal to the number of letters or characters of the "Hughes" apparatus. In this
manner a band of the width of 3 or 4 centimetres (1·181 to 1.575 inches) and of

page_text: the length of the impression is sufficient for the transmission. The paper band is
perforated with two holes on each transverse line determined by a series of holes
pierced in the middle of the band and serving as a rack for making the paper band
advance. The two holes pierced in the paper band on the same transverse line
permit of the passage of two of the eight points of a comb which bear upon the
paper band, and by means of small levers pressed by the two points communi-
cations or connections are established in the distributor.
The distributor is composed of a series of fifty six contacts arranged in two
corresponding rows; these contacts are connected to fifty six radial pins leading to
the lower part of the distributor; and the said radial pins communicate by sevens
with eight circles, which by means of eight terminals establish an electrical
communication with the eight points or contacts of the comb of the communicator.
The chariot must be provided with two points or rubbers insulated from one
another and corresponding to the two rows of contacts of the distributor. The
distributor is contrived in such a manner that each combination is only reproduced
once in the twenty eight double contacts contained in it. Two springs are carried
by the chariot for establishing the communication with the battery. The current
from the battery, by means of one of these springs and the contacts made in the
distributor and through the two holes in the paper band passes through the
apparatus and returns by the other spring. Every time the paper band effects in
this manner a communication in the distributor the disengaging or releasing of the
apparatus takes place on the passage of the points or rubbers of the chariot on to
the two contacts determined by the combination of the holes in the perforated
paper band. The telegraphic apparatus by its disengagement causes the automatic
apparatus to advance so as to carry the paper baud on to another combination.
The automatic apparatus just described may be adapted to the "Hughes'
apparatus and also to other machines of the same type. By the automatic
working great speed of transmission is obtained and also an increased yield, but
it is still possible to augment this yield by providing several couples of points on
the chariot at equal distances, so that an electrical communication being established
in the distributor, the chariot can close the circuit by any one of these couples of
points which evidently augments the speed of transmission. It is however
necessary that the type-wheel should have as many alphabets as the chariot has
couples of points.
"
The letters or characters on the type-wheel should be arranged according to
those which are used most frequently rather than in alphabetical order and at
suitable distances. The most useful order necessarily varies for the different
languages but it is possible to find an arrangement which gives a good mean for
the languages mostly used in telegraphy. And further this order will vary
according to the number of alphabets on the type-wheel.
The mechanical operations take place as in the "Hughes" apparatus in one
seventh of a turn of the type-wheel; the chariot can only be at the utmost
septuple; in practice however it will not be found of great advantage to make it
more than quintuple; the number of couples of points must be in proportion to the
number of combinations, which is twenty eight; however it can be made quadruple
or sextuple by adding a unit to the couples of contacts, these contacts should
reproduce one of the combinations, preferably that which represents the letter or
character most frequently used, with the exception of the blank, for example the
letter c.
As it is very difficult to include upon one type-wheel the letters, figures
and other characters required I place the letters on one wheel and the figures and
other characters on a wheel parallel to the first, which has led to some arrangements
in this apparatus varying considerably from those of the "Hughes" apparatus.
The general arrangement and working of my apparatus does not differ greatly
from that of the "Hughes" apparatus. The disengagement takes place in the
same way by an electro-magnet which neutralises the action of a permanent
magnet and allows an armature to strike against a stop of the disengaging gear
and thereby set it free. On account of the position of the electro-magnet the stop

page_text: brought back to its position by a lever which takes into a scrow thread cut on
the free part of the printing shaft half in one direction and half in the other.
The correction differs essentially from the ordinary system and consists of a
wheel with sharp teeth equal in number to the letters or characters on the
type-wheel and a spur wheel which gears with a pinion placed on the free
part of the printing shaft the said spur wheel turning freely on the type-
wheel shaft. This spur wheel carries seven hammers or detents spaced equally
and shaped to fit between the teeth of the correcting wheel; these hammers are
kept away from the said wheels by springs. A cam fixed on a free shaft presses one
of the seven hammers or detents and forces it between the teeth of the correcting
wheel advancing or retarding it if necessary and thus establishes the desired
correction at each impression, the hammer or detent returning to its original
position as soon as the cam passes.
When the current is made the impression is produced; it is effected by means of
a cam or eccentric which acts on a bent lever held in its place by a correcting
screw in order to obtain a clear impression. The diameter of the type-wheel being
augmented the diameter of the printing roller is necessarily reduced; it is therefore
ensier to remove the apparatus for advancing the paper a little further off and have
it worked by means of the printing shaft itself.
For this purpose a tooth on the printing shaft introduces itself in its movement
into a notch in a wheel in such a manner that the movement of the wheel takes
place during only part of the revolution of the printing shaft the shaft alone
being able to turn during the remainder of the time; the teeth and notches of the
wheel having the form of those of so-called Maltese cross wheels. On the shaft
carrying this wheel is a cylinder provided with small grooves which causes the
paper to advanco, lightly pressed by another small cylinder with free motion.
As the type wheel is double it is necessary for the printing of the figures and
other characters that the printing roller should move from place to place. To
effect this I provide upon the correction wheel six small squares which form teeth
suitably placed at equal distances. The number of these squares or teeth will of
course depend upon the number of alphabets upon the type-wheel.
The free wheel on the type-wheel shaft gears with a free pinion on a small shaft
in the ratio of seven to two that is to say, in a ratio double that of the pinion of
the printing shaft and the motive wheel on the type-wheel shaft. On the side of
the free pinion are two rubbers placed in a guide, bored so as to leave free passage
for the shaft; these rubbers in their middle position which is their normal position,
project equally on each side of the centre in such a manner as to be inet and
pressed by the squares on the correction-wheel every time it is necessary for the
removal of the printing roller.
For setting the apparatus at the blank an arm is hinged to a clutch provided for
the purpose formed in two parts and fixed on the type-wheel shaft this arm can be
moved by hand to a suitable position for being met by a stop placed on a ratchet
which servos to make the type-wheel fast upon its shaft and which also stops the
correcting wheel in the position required by the blank.
The printing shaft by means of two small inclined planes works the disengaging
gear at the first passage of the current.
The automatic apparatus is put in motion by the telegraphic apparatus by means
of suitable gearing which causes the transmitting wheel to advance one point at
each movement.
If the automatic apparatus does not establish the current, the telegraphic
apparatus not working does not cause the paper band to advance which renders
the omission of any letter or character impossible. Nevertheless errors from
different causes being possible it is necessary that the transmission should be
capable of being stopped for a time; for this purpose the automatic apparatus is
not permanently connected to the telegraphic apparatus; it is connected to it by
means of a clutch the disengagement of which is effected by hand by means of a
lever, which at the same time raises the communicator comb and in case of need

page_text: makes the apparatus give the blank signal necessary for preserving the
synchrionism of the two machines at the stations communicating with each other.
As the automatic apparatus might be interrupted it is necessary to have means
for working it by hand. For this purpose the distributor is connected to a key-
board which, strictly speaking should only require to have eight keys in com-
munication with the eight lower terminals of the distributor but for manipulating,
it would be necessary to learn the combinations to be made in pairs of these eight
keys. I prefer to use a key-board with twenty eight keys of which each carrying
two contacts establishes the communication in the distributor required for the
printing of the letter or character engraved on the key. The apparatus is
moreover a commutator for establishing the circuit of transmission or of reception;
the difference of the two circuits renders necessary the addition of a small electro-
magnetic apparatus which by means of a small communicator can at will be made
to send signals to the corresponding station.
The small communicator serves also for making the blank signal or else for
sending the current from the corresponding station to the earth, two necessary
operations for the regulation of the machines.
The perforation of the paper band which serves for the transmission of telegrams
with my telegraphic machine is effected by means of an apparatus consisting
essentially of nine punches placed in a row eight of them serving for the holes
which form the combinations for the letters or characters and the punch in the
middle serving to make the rack for the carrying forward of the perforated band.
The punches are kept in their places and drawn back by springs.
A wheel provided with points similar to that used for advancing the paper band
in the automatic part of the telegraphic apparatus is carried upon a shaft which
also carries a ratchet wheel with a number of teeth equal to the number of points
on the wheel and having a click connected to a lever and spring.
A. correction wheel is also carried by the said shaft having a tooth and spring
for bringing the shaft into and arresting it in the required positions for the regular
spacing out of the holes forming the composition of the dispatch.
This apparatus can be worked by means of eight simple levers arranged in the
key-board each of which will actuate one of the eight punches and also the middle
punch as well as the click for carrying forward the band. But such an arrange-
iment still renders it necessary to learn the combinations for producing the letters
or characters in order to compose the telegrams and it is also necessary to press
upon two of the keys for each letter.
The composition can be facilitated by providing twenty eight levers which are
depressed by piston keys so that each lever actuates two of the eight punches of
the composition and also the middle punch and the carrying forward click. To
effect this I fix a device between the levers and the punches consisting of nine
double squares which include all the levers at a time and are coupled in such a
manner that the rising movement of all the squares is equal-
The levers act upon the squares always raising three of them, the squares press
upon the punches and cause them to pierce three holes in the paper; one in the
middle and the two forming the combination of the letter or character; they also
actuate the carrying forward click for the perforated paper band.
The composition thus simplified becomes sure and rapid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th August 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING-TELEGRAPH
APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by La Société Secondo Roos and
Francesco Ostrogovich, of Florence, Italy.
This Invention relates to improvements in printing-telegraph apparatus of the
kind known as "Hughes's" telegraph with type-wheels; it has for its object to
increase the speed of the transmission; to enable printing by continuous movement,
and correction for each letter or character printed, to be obtained without lessening
the duration of the line current; to make the duration of the current sufficient for
communicating directly at any distance, and still preserve the same time for the
mechanical movements. For these purposes I make the operation of the apparatus
automatic and increase the number of alphabets on the type-wheel arranging the
chariot accordingly.
The automatic movement is obtained by a perforated paper band which establishes
the communications in the distributor, so that on the passage of the chariot the
disengaging or releasing of the apparatus takes place at the instant desired for the
impression of the letter or character.
If all the letters or characters were represented simply, the paper band would
necessarily be excessive either in length or in width. To make the system
practicable I profit by the combinations which can be made with eight units com-
bined in pairs, the number of these combinations is twenty eight, precisely equal
to the number of letters or characters of the "Hughes" apparatus. In this manner
a band of the width of three or four centimetres and of the length of the impression
is sufficient for the transmission.
As shewn in Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawing the paper band A is
perforated with two holes on each transverse line determined by the holes pierced
in the middle of the band and serving as a rack for making the paper band
advance. The two holes pierced in the paper band on the same transverse line
permit of the passage of two of the eight points a of the comb B (Figures 4 and 5)
which bear upon the paper band, and by means of sinall levers C pressed by the
two points cominunications or connections are established in the distributor D (see
also Figures 1 and 2).
The distributor is composed of a series of fifty six contacts barranged in two
corresponding rows; these contacts are connected to fifty six radial pins c leading
to the lower part of the distributor; and the said radial pins communicate by sevens
with eight circles e, which by means of eight terminals establish an electrical
communication with the eight points or contacts a of the comb B of the manipulator
or communicator. The chariot (Figure 3) is provided with two points or rubbers g g'
insulated from one another and corresponding to the two rows of contacts of the
distributor. The distributor is contrived in such a mauner that each combination
is only reproduced once in the twenty eight double contacts contained therein.
Referring to Figures 12 and 3 and taking as a starting point one of the
springs' which serve to establish communication with the battery for example
the positive pole the current passes from the spring by the upper point g¹ of
the chariot, and by one of the contacts bc of the upper row to one of the lower
circles e of the distributor and thence to one of the lower levers C of the automatic
apparatus and by the upper comb B which is entirely of metal it passes to another

page_text: lower lever C to arrive at another circle e of the distributor D and by the radial
arm c to the contact 6 of the lower row, which corresponds to the aforesaid contact b
of the upper row, and by the second rubber or point g of the chariot to the spring h'
which completes the circuit with the electro-magnetic apparatus and the battery.
Every time the paper band effects in this manner, a communication in the distri-
butor D, the disengaging or releasing of the apparatus takes place on the passage
of the points or rubbers g g' of the chariot onto the two contacts b b determined by
the combination of the holes in the perforated paper band. The telegraphic
apparatus by its disengagement causes the automatic apparatus to advance so as to
carry the paper band on to another combination. The automatic apparatus above
described may be adapted to the "Hughes" apparatus and also to other machines
of the same type.
By the automatic operation or manipulation the maximum speed of transmission
of which the apparatus
capable is obtained but it is still possible to augment
this yield by providing a number of couples of points on the chariot at equal
distances so that an electrical communication being established in the distributor,
the chariot can close the circuit by any one of these couples of points, which
evidently augments the speed of transmission. It is however necessary that
the type-wheel should have as many alphabets as the chariot has couples of
points.
The letters or characters on the type-wheel should be arranged in the order in
which those that are most frequently used are at suitable distances apart to allow
the apparatus to take them immediately one after the other, rather than in alpha-
betical order. The most useful order necessarily varies for the different languages,
but it is possible to find an arrangement which gives a good mean for the
languages mostly used in telegraphy. And further this order will vary according
to the number of alphabets on the type-wheel.
For a triple apparatus such as that shewn in Figure 4, having three-couples. of
points ggg to the chariot; two arrangements which give very remarkable
results are the following ;-
First. For a type-wheel with letters, blank, letters e, a, o, h, x, y, j, ≈, q, m, l,
d, s, t, r, n, c, g, blank, figures, w, b, v, f, k, p, u, i; for a type-wheel with figures,
blank, letters, 9, % E, 0, 1, T, U, Q, R, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, +, blank, figures, 6, -,:,
7, 1, $, 8, x.
=
""
Second. For a type-wheel with letters, blank, letters, e, a, o, h, x, y, j, z, q, m, l,
t, 8, r, n, c, d, g, blank, figures, w, b, v, f, p, u, i; for a type-wheel with figures,
blank, letters, 9, % E, 0, 1, 1, T, U, Q, R, =, 3, 4, ., ?, !, 5,˜,, +, blank, figures, 6,
―,, 7, $, 8, x.
The mechanical operations under the conditions above stated take place, as in
the "Hughes" apparatus, in one seventh of a turn of the type-wheel; the chariot
can only be at the utmost septuple; in practice however it will not be found of
great advantage to make it more than quintiple; the Drawing shews it only
triple. The number of couples of points must be in proportion to the number of
combinations, which is twenty eight; however, it can be made quadruple or
sextuple by adding a unit to the couples of contacts, these contacts should
reproduce one of the combinations, preferably that which represents the letter or
character most frequently used, with the exception of the blank, for example the
letter e.
As it is very difficult to include upon one type-wheel the letters, figures, and
other characters required I place the letters on one wheel and the figures and
other characters on a wheel parallel to the first, which has led to some arrange-
ments in this apparatus varying considerably from those of the "Hughes
apparatus.
The general arrangement and operation of the improved apparatus do not differ
greatly from those of the "Hughes" apparatus. The disengagement takes place
in a similar manner, by an electro-magnet E (Figure 4) which neutralizes the action
of a permanent magnet and allows the armature to strike against the stop G of the

page_text: disengaging gear and thereby set it free. On account of the position of the electro-
magnet, the stop G is brought back to its position by a lever H which engages
with a screw-thread cut on the free part I of the axis O, half in one direction and
half in the other as shown in Figure 4.
The correction device (Figures 45 and 6) differs essentially from the ordinary
system and consists of a wheel J with sharp teeth equal in number to the letters
or characters on the type-wheel, and a spur wheel K which gears with a pinion L
placed on the free part of the printing shaft I, the said spur wheel K turning freely
on the shaft M of the type-wheels R, R, and being driven only with the free part of
the printing shaft I. This spur-wheel carries sevon hammers or detents N spaced
equally and shaped to fit between the teeth of the correcting wheel; these haminers
are kept away from the said wheel by springs d. A cam P fixed on the free shaft
presses one of the seven hammers or detents and forces it between two teeth of
the correcting wheel causing it to advance or recede if necessary and thus
establishes the desired correction at each impression, the hammer or detent returning
to its original position as soon as the cam passes.
When the circuit is completed, the impression is produced; it is effected by
means of a cam or excentric Q Figures 4 and 5 which acts on a bent lever i held
in its place by a correcting screw in order to obtain a clear impression. The
diameter of the type-wheel being augmented, the diameter of the printing roller
is necessarily reduced; the apparatus for advancing the paper may therefore be
easily removed a little further off and be worked by means of, the printing shaft
itself.
For this purpose a tooth on the printing shaft I introduces itself in its move-
ment into a notch in the wheel ; in such a manner that the movement of tho
wheel takes place during only part of the revolution of the printing shaft, the
shaft alone being able to turn during the remainder of the time; the teeth and
notches of the wheel having the form of those of so-called "Maltese cross" wheels.
On the shaft carrying the wheel ; is a cylinder provided with small grooves which
causes the paper to advance, lightly pressed by another small cylinder m with free
motion.
As the type-wheel is double, it is necessary for the printing of the figures and
other characters that the printing roller should move from place to place. To
effect this I provide upon the correction wheel J six small squares n n which form
teeth suitably placed at equal distances to correspond with the blanks, three for
the blank letters and three for the blank figures the ones a little in advance of the
others. The number of these squares or teeth will depend upon the number of
alphabets upon the type-wheel.
The free wheel K on the shaft M of the type-wheels gears with a free pinion o
(Figures 45 and 6) on a small shaft, the said wheel and pinion being in the ratio
of seven to two, that is to say, in a ratio double that of the pinion of the printing
shaft and the motive wheel on the type-wheel shaft. On the side of this pinion
are two rubbers ? (Figures 89 and 10) placed in a guide, bored so as to leave free
passage for the shaft g; these rubbers, in their middle position which is their
normal position, project equally on each side of the centre, in such a manner as to
be met and pressed by the squares n on the correction wheel J (one rubber by the
squares of the blank figures and the other by the squares of the blank letters) every
time it is necessary for the removal of the printing roller or simply for the
blank signal.
Two small points u u on the rubbers p serve to make the pinion o gear with a
small clutch which carries the shaft ground with it, but which may be moved
longitudinally thereon. These points u u of the rubbers have different positions ;
those of one rubber, when it is displaced, meet the clutch if it is at one extremity
of its position, and those of the second when the clutch is at its opposite extremity
in order that the removal of the printing roller may not take place at each blank,
but only when passing from the blank letters to the blank figures or vice versa.
The shifting of the clutch t is effected by two points v suitably placed which in

page_text: the course of half a revolution of the shaft 9 meet a double inclined plane a fixed
to the framework; according to the position of these points with regard to the
inclined plane the clutch t is caused to advance or recede longitudinally on the
shaft q. A small beater or inclined plane y (Figures 4 and 5 fixed to the support
of the shaft, serves to bring back the rubbers p at the extremity of the stroke, to
their normal position by setting free the clutch t. A spring which is introduced
into a notch contrived on the shaft, serves to bring it back into a given position
and keep it there, so that it does not turn by the friction of the free pinion. The
clutch t caught by one of the rubbers p causes the shaft q to turn, this shaft
imparts motion in one direction or the other to a second clutch z by means of a
point a¹ fixed to the clutch and which takes into a slot b¹ in the shaft q which
forms a screw-thread half in one direction and half in the other. On this clutch s
is fixed the support for the printing roller.
The stroke of the second clutch is regulated by the distance between the two
type-wheels.
For setting the apparatus at the blank (Figures 4 and 11) an arm T is
hinged to a clutch provided for the purpose formed in two parts and fixed on the
'type-wheel shaft, this arın T can be moved by hand to a suitable position for being
met by a stop c' on the ratchet which serves to make the type-wheel R fast upon
its shaft M and which also stops the correcting wheel in the position required by
the blank.
The printing shaft, I, by means of two small inclined planes, the one f' on the
arm and the other f' on the shaft I, actuates the disengaging gear at the first
passage of the current.
The automatic apparatus is put in motion by the telegraphic apparatus by means
of the gear wheel U fixed to the wheel which causes the forward movement of the
printed paper band, this wheel. U receives motion from a second gear-wheel U¹ carried
on the same shaft as a wheel U2 provided with points pl which enter the holes in the
middle of the paper band and serve for its transmission. The two gear-wheels
cause the transmitting wheel to advance one point at each movement.
It will be readily understood that if the automatic apparatus does not establish
the current, the telegraphic apparatus not working, does not cause the paper band
to advance, which renders the omission of any letter or character impossible.
Nevertheless errors from different causes being possible, it is necessary that the
transmission should be capable of being stopped for a time; for this purpose the
automatic apparatus is not permanently connected to the telegraphic apparatus;
it is connected to it by means of a clutch V the disengagement of which is effected
by hand by means of a lever, which at the same time raises the manipulator or
communicator comb, and in case of need, makes the apparatus give the blank signal
necessary for preserving the synchronism of the two machines at the stations
communicating with each other.
As the automatic apparatus might be interrupted, it is necessary to have means
for operating it by hand. For this purpose the distributor D is connected to a key-
board which, strictly speaking, should only require to have eight keys, in communi-
cation with the eight lower terminals of the distributor, but, for manipulating,
it would be necessary to learn the combinations to be made in pairs of these eight
keys. I prefer to use a key-board with twenty eight keys each of which carrying
two contacts, establishes the communication in the distributor required for the
printing of the letter or character engraved on the key. The apparatus is, moreover,
furnished with a commutator for establishing the circuit of transmission or of
reception; the difference of the two circuits renders necessary the addition of a
small electro-magnetic apparatus, which, by means of a small communicator, can at
will be made to send signals to the corresponding station to interrupt the current or
to actuate an alarm bell. The said small communicator besides serving as an
interrupter, serves also for making the blank signal or else for sending the current
from the corresponding station to the earth, two necessary operations for the
regulation of the machines.

page_text: The perforation of the paper band which serves for the transmission of telegrams
with my telegraphic machine is effected by means of the apparatus shewn in
Figures 12, 13, and 14. It consists essentially of nine punches placed in a row,
eight of them serving for the holes which form the combinations for the letters or
characters and the punch in the centre serving to make the holes forming the rack
for carrying forward the perforated band. The punches are kept in their places
and drawn back by springs i¹.
The shaft O¹ carries a wheel U³ provided with points similar to those of the
wheel U in the automatic part of the telegraphic apparatus and the said shaft also
carries a ratchet-wheel A¹ with a number of teeth equal to the number of points
on the wheel Us and having a click connected to a lever and spring. A correction
wheel is also carried by the said shaft having a tooth and spring for bringing the
shaft into and arresting it in the required positions for the regular spacing out of
the holes forming the composition of the dispatch.
It is evident that this apparatus can be worked by means of eight simple levers
arranged in the key-board, each of which will actuate one of the eight punches
and also the middle punch, as well as the click for carrying forward the paper band.
But such an arrangement still renders it necessary to learn the combinations for
producing the letters or characters in order to compose the telegrams and it is also
necessary to press upon two of the keys for each letter.
The composition can be facilitated by providing twenty eight levers B' which
are depressed by the piston keys C¹ so that each lever actuates two of the eight
punches of the composition and also the punch in the centre and the carrying
forward click. To effect this I fix a device between the lovers and the punches,
consisting of nine double squares e¹ [which include all the levers at a time and are
coupled in such a manner that the rising movement of all the squares is equal.
The levers B¹ act upon the squares e' always raising three of them; the squares
press upon the punches and cause them to pierce three holes in the paper; one
in the middle and the other two forming the combination for the letter or character;
they also actuate the carrying forward click x¹ for the perforated paper band. The
composition thus simplified becomes sure and rapid.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim The improved printing telegraph apparatus herein before described
and having the following distinctive characteristics vis;-
First. The automatic apparatus serving as a manipulator, comprising the paper
band and the distributor with combinations in pairs substantially as set forth and
for the purpose specified.
Second. The multiple type-wheel and chariot for augmenting the speed of
transmission, without lessening the duration of the line current and the time for
the mechanical operations, substantially as set forth.
Third. The hammer or detent for effecting the correction for each letter or
character substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The construction and arrangement of the apparatus for effecting the
removal or displacement of the printing roller substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The perforating apparatus and the means for simplifying the manipulation
thereof by reducing it to the pressure of a single key of a key-board, substantially
as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sights tun