IM- PROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND SIZING OR PREPARING WARPS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Armistead, of Ovenden, near Halifax, in the
County of York, Spinner and Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND SIZING OR PREPARING WARPS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 7th February 1865, and dated the 10th August 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Armistead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 10th
August 1864.
.I, HENRY ARMISTEAD, of Ovenden, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND SIZING OR PREPARING WARPS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
Heretofore the dyeing of yarn for warps has been effected either in the
hank or chain, and the warping, sizing, dressing, and beaming done afterwards.
Now my improvements consist in first warping, dressing, and beaming, and
then subjecting them to the processes of dyeing and sizing in the web, or in
passing single ends for threads side by side through the several machines
required from one beam to another ready for the loom. By this means more
level or even dyeing is obtained, and the warps are better sized or prepared
for the weaving.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Armistead in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th February 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
ARMISTEAD, of Ovenden, near Halifax, in the County of York, Spinner and
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Henry Armistead, Her special licence that I, the said Henry
Armistead, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Henry Armistead, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DYEING AND SIZING OR PREPARING WARPS FOR WEAVING," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Armistead, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Armistead, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying two Sheets of Drawings (that is to say):-
==
Heretofore the dyeing of yarn for warps has been effected either in the
hank or chain, and the warping, sizing, dressing, and beaming done afterwards.
Now my improvements consist in first warping, dressing, and beaming, and
then subjecting them to the processes of dyeing and sizing in the web, or in
passing single ends or threads side by side, through the several machines
required from one beam or bobbin to another ready for the loom. By this
means more level or even dyeing is obtained, and the warps are better sized
or prepared for the weaving.

page_text: The nature of this Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed or carried into practical operation will be readily understood by
reference to the two accompanying Sheets of Drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is
part of a side elevation, and Fig. 2 is the remaining part of the same side
elevation of a machine constructed and arranged according to this Invention,
and Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal sections of the same.
A are a series of beams with yarn thereon which has been warped, dressed,
and beamed in the usual manner or by well known means. These beams are
mounted in bearings B, so as to be free to rotate and allow the yarn to unwind
as in the ordinary sizing machine. C are a series of boxes or vessels to hold
dyeing liquor, and C¹ are cylinders or pipes made of copper or other suitable
material, forming a separate vessel to hold hot water or steam, or both, for
heating the dye liquor, steam being supplied through a pipe C³; D and D' are
conducting rollers carried on slidable bearings formed so that one part of each
bearing depends into the interior of the vessel to carry one end of the roller D¹
in the liquor, and another part extends in a groove formed down the outside of
the vessel, having a rack formed thereon; E are spur pinions, which
gear in
the racks, and are mounted upon short shafts in pairs, or two pinions being
fixed upon one shaft. On each of these shafts is also a worm wheel F with a
worm F gearing therein, to which is attached a handle F, for giving motion
thereto, so as to raise or lower the bearings and conducting rollers, whereby
the rollers D' may be lifted quite out of the liquor, as shewn by the dotted
lines, when required without slackening the yarns. G and G¹ are pairs of
squeezing rollers, which are geared together by a shaft H and bevel wheels I
and I; the bevel wheels I being loose upon the shaft H, and driven by
friction boxes J, so that they adjust themselves or are capable of being adjusted
according to any inequalities of stress or drag that may be on the yarns; Kis
an ordinary sizing box with a pair of squeezing rollers L and L, the lower
one being of copper as usual; M and M¹ are ordinary drying cylinders em-
ployed in sizing machines; and N and N¹ are rotary brushes for brushing the
yarns as they pass forward to the cylinders; P and P¹ are a series of rollers now
employed for conducting the yarns from the cylinders to the warp beam R,
which receives motion by gear wheels R1, R2, R³, and R', from the taper
drums S and S, which are driven by a strap T in the usual manner. On the
shaft of the first taper roller S I fix a spur pinion U gearing with a carrier
wheel V; to which is fixed a bevel wheel W, gearing with another bevel
wheel W fixed on one end of a diagonal shaft, to the other end of which is a
bevel wheel X, gearing in a bevel wheel Y fixed on the roller P¹, which wheel

page_text: also gears with a bevel wheel Z fixed on the, the shaft H, whereby a positive
motion is communicated therefrom: to the rollers of the dyeing vessels.. In
this arrangement of apparatus I apply a friction box on the wheel R*, which
permits the warp beam to adjust itself or to regulate the taking up of the
yarn thereon.
Having now described the several parts of the apparatus as constructed
and arranged by me for the purposes herein set forth of dyeing and sizing
warps, and also beaming them ready for the weaver in one process, it will be
observed that I introduce any desirable number of. boxes or dyeing vessels in
betwixt the yarn beams (or the bobbins supplying the yarns) and the sizing
box of the ordinary sizing or "tape" machine with suitable appliances and
arrangements for driving the whole simultaneously, and by means of a carrying
roller D³, and a raddle or reed D³, the yarns from the several yarn. beams
(which may be in any desirable number according to requirement) are caused
to enter the dyeing boxes in single ends or threads side by side, passing through
the dye liquor (which may be of any usual ingredients, such as are used by
dyers), and by means of the arrangements for raising and lowering the con-
ducting rollers of the dye vessels any desirable number of immersions may be
given to the yarns in passing through the several dye vessels, according to the
particular colour or shade of colour required to be obtained. The yarns then
pass through the sizing box and in contact with the brush, thence over the
drying cylinders, and being conducted by the rollers P pass under and over
the leash rods Q, and through, another raddle or reed Q¹ to the warp beam R,
ready for removal therefrom to the loom.
By this Invention more level or even dyeing is obtained, as the yarns are
separated from each other when passing through the dye liquor, and any
number of ends or threads may be passed through simultaneously; and if
desirable, two or more warps may be passed through at the same time by
having suitable arrangements of the beams, so as to have two or more warp
beams, barrels, or shells placed end to end on the same shaft, as are shewn
by Figs. 5 and 6, which represent two such beams, which may be made
of tin or other suitable, material, and so as to slide on to a shaft beam or roller,
which is then placed in position on the machine to receive the yarns thereon.
These shells can then be removed and placed on the weaver's beam, which is
made suitable for the loom framing.
This machine is also applicable for the dyeing and drying of textile fabrics,
and which may be sized or stiffened also, if required, at the same time or in
the same process, as will be readily seen; and when applied for this purpose,

page_text: the fabric may either be wound on a beam or roller in the same manner as
with warps, or an ordinary cuttling apparatus may be applied, to cuttle or fold
the fabrics as they are delivered from the machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Armistead, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Henry Armistead, in
the presence of
W*. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
HENRY ARMISTEAD. (L.s.)