Improvements in and Connected with Oleaginous, Vapour, or 'Gas and Air Lamps for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 21st Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1887
Improvements in and Connected with Oleaginous, Vapour, or 'Gas
and Air Lamps for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
We, WILLIAM HENRI LUTHER, Manufacturer, and GEORGE ROSE, Foreman Tank-
maker, both of Petershill Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature
of our invention to be as follows :-
This Invention comprises a new or improved construction of lamp or arrangement
and combination of the parts of its oil vessel or boiler and burner, and new
construction of burner and its fittings all for the special purpose of producing a light
from the combination of oleaginous vapour and air (somewhat on the Bunsen principle),
such vapour or gas being raised from hydro-carbon oils or tars heated, boiled or
distilled within the said oil vessel or boiler, and led into the service burner tube
secured on the top of the boiler; (all in contradistinction to the usual methods of
producing light in such lamps from the spray of the oil combined with air or steam)
this new oil vessel of the lamp supplying the necessary force or pressure for
maintaining the light to be used for either lighting or heating purposes.
A
According to one arrangement of the invention as suitable for one large light, of
say two thousand candle power, for use in open spaces, the oil still or vessel would
consist of a cylindrical hollow sheet metal boiler, either set horizontally or vertically
with domed ends, sufficient to resist the slight pressure of vapour within, necessary to
supply the light to give complete combustion in a long flame from the burner."
boiler sufficient for this light would be about eighteen inches diameter and two feet
long. The boiler would be fitted with a usual supply screw cap or plug for filling in
the mineral or other oil or tar or resionous or fatty matters in a liquid state, from
which the hydrocarbon vapour or gas would be raised to produce the fight preferably
by a slow combustion fire of coke or charcoal placed in a fire-box fitted below it for
the purpose of distilling off the oleaginous gases. Or the distilling heat might be

page_text: supplied to the fire-box by ordinary gas and a Bunsen burner; or by the inflammable
gas led, by a pipe controlled by a tap, from the upper part of the vessel itself after
being generated, to such burners or to one of the improved burners, to support
combustion. Screw plugs would also be fitted in the opposite ends of the boiler, at
its lower parts, for cleaning out any thick or solidified matters therefrom. The boiler
would preferably be fitted with an ordinary glass tube gauge outside to indicate the
height of the liquid within; and the boiler would also be fitted with a regulating safety
valve loaded to the pressure found necessary to maintain the light; and this valve
would be fitted with an enclosing dome and pipe leading to a condenser to condense
the escaping gases, and prevent danger. The boiler would be surrounded with an
enclosing case on sides, or sides and top, so that the hot flames and gases would heat
the whole surface of the boiler below the level of the liquid, from which casing a pipe
or flue may be led to any convenient chimney. And the outer surface of the upper
part of the boiler (above the liquid, forming the gas reservoir) would be lagged or
other wise protected to prevent loss of heat, or condensation. The fire-box below the
boiler would preferably be made in the form of a rectangular box and be mounted on
slides or other equivalent on the lower part of the boiler or on the frame supporting it,
so as to be removed laterally or longitudinally as most convenient; and the whole
could be mounted on a stationary standard frame, or portable frame with wheels. The
oil would preferably be filled to about two thirds or three fourths of the height of the
vessel, leaving the top part above the oil, as a pressure reservoir for the gas
generated within to supply the light. And we have found that for most oils the
adding of a small portion of lime along with the oil in the vessel improves the
illuminating power of the light produced.
The new construction of the burner consists in fitting to the top of the said boiler a
metallic service tube, which for the size of light named need not be more than three-
quarters of an inch diameter. This tube would be fitted with a tap, preferably near
its lower end, for opening and shutting off or regulating the supply of gas to the
burner; and another tap would be fitted above it for drawing off all condensed
vapour which might have collected in the pipe before setting on the light. The upper
part of this improved burner service tube would be fitted with a small regulating
nozzle which we term the gas nozzle, projecting into a large tube chamber secured on
the outer end of the service tube, which we term the combining gas and air chamber,
preferably about an inch or inch and quarter in diameter and five or six inches long,
having a small tube nozzle screwed within its upper end termed the flame nozzle,
which may be about three quarters of an inch in diameter. At the lower end of the
combining chamber two or more short tubes would be fitted projecting out laterally
opposite each other, preferably below the point of the gas nozzle, so as to admit air
from the outside through these tubes to combine with the gas issuing from the nozzle
and be drawn in by the suction force of the gas within the combining chamber.
When a second set of these lateral air tubes were used, they would be fitted to the
combining chamber a little above the others and above the burner preferably at right
angles to the first set, and any other sets of tubes added would be placed in like
manner a little above the others; and when desired these tubes might be provided
with taps to regulate the quantity of air to the combining gas and air chamber.
The gas and air would thus be forced up this combining chamber into and through the
flame nozzle, and being ignited at the nozzle would burn in a long flame therefrom;
and the nozzle and lower part of the flame would be protected from being blown out
by the wind by a short wide conical combustion chamber which may be provided with
holes or recesses to let in air to the flame, and the lower part of this conical chamber
would be formed as a socket to slide on the outside of the combining tube above the
inlet tubes, and might be fixed in any position by a screw or other equivalent.
By another arrangement of our improvements suitable for small inside lamps for
workshops and close spaces, we form our boiler of a vertical, conoidal or tapering shape
with a division in the centre to form it into two chambers or compartments, one
chamber for containing the oil or other hydro-carbon, and the other to act as a
reservoir for holding the gas generated from the oil, and which is led into it from the

page_text: oil chamber through an aperture near the top of the division plate. The oil could be
supplied to the oil chamber either by hand or by a pipe controlled by a tap, from a
cistern or tank, placed on a higher level. The boiler would be first heated below by
an oil liquid burner provided with a wick or fibrous material to start the light, or it
might be by gas through a small Bunsen burner. After the gas was generated within
the boiler, it would be led from the reservoir to a gas burner of a special construction,
consisting of a service tube with a screw pin with conical head screwed in the top
solid end of this tube, which would also be made conical of nearly the same shape as
the screw. Small vertical grooves would be cut either in the screw or solid end of
the tube and the gas passing up these grooves would spread up in a conical jet from the
conoidal space between the top of the screw and the top of the tube, and when ignited
would form a wide conical flame projecting up from the burner, which would continue
to generate its own gas from the conical boiler above.

page_text: Пирготещение
али COERCOLOR WIC Cages, vapour,
and Air Lamps for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Стар
We, WILLIAM HENRI LUTHER, Manufacturer, and GEORGE ROSE, Foreman
Tankmaker, both of Petershill Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the
nature of our Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
reference being had to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings
Our said Invention comprises a new or improved construction of lamp, or
arrangement and combination of the parts of its oil vessel or boiler and burner, and
new construction of burner and its fittings, all for the special purpose of producing
a long light or flame from the combination and combustion of oleaginous vapour and
air, such vapour or gas being raised from hydrocarbon or other oils or tars, heated,
boiled, or distilled within the said oil vessel or boiler, and led into the air service
burner tube or case secured on the top of the boiler; (all in contradistinction to the
usual methods of producing light in such lamps from the spray of the oil combined
with air or steam) this new oil boiling vessel of the lamp supplying the necessary
pressure and force current of the vapour to the burner for maintaining the light,
which by our improvements is to be used for either lighting or for heating purposes.
And in order that our said invention, and the inanner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto
appended two explanatory Sheets of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures where shown.
Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 1, are respectively longitudinal and transverse sections,
taken on the lines 1 1 and 22, each on the other, of one portable arrange-
ment or combination of the parts, of our lamps for lighting in open spaces, such as
Goods Railway Stations, coal-pit heads, ship and boiler yards, and such like and other
positions, all constructed in accordance with our Invention embodying one arrangement
of our improvements. Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of a vertical
arrangement of our lamps as suitable for stationary purposes. While Figures 4
and 5 are vertical and horizontal sections respectively of one arrangement of our
improved lamp burners at the air-inducing case. And Figures 6 and 7 on Sheet 2
are a sectional elevation and end view respectively of a portable arrangement of our
lamp, corresponding to Figures 1 and 2, but with slight modification of some of
the parts.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 and Figures 6 and 7 on Sheet 2 of these
Drawings, this arrangement of our invention, which is suitable for giving one large
long flame equivalent to a light of about two thousand candle power for about
twelve hours for use in open spaces, consists all as follows:-Of a strong oil still or
boiling vessel A, A¹, preferably cylindrical and made of hollow sheet-metal set
horizontally, (or vertically, as seen in Figure 3) and either with capped or domed
ends A¹ sufficient to resist the pressure of vapour within, which is necessary to supply

page_text: the light to give complete combustion in a long flame from the burner. A boiler
sufficient for this light would be about eighteen inches diameter and three feet long.
The boiler would be fitted with a usual supply screw plug A³, or it might be a tube
or pipe A for filling in the mineral or other oil or tar or resinous or fatty matters in a
liquid state from time to time (or for removing the residues) from which the hydro-
carbon vapour or gas would be raised to produce the light, by a slow combustion
permanent fire, preferably of coke or charcoal or smokeless coal placed in a removable
rectangular fire box B with grate B¹, fitted below it, for the purpose of distilling off
the oleaginous gases.
Or the distilling heat might be supplied to the fire-box B by
ordinary gas tubes with jets and a Bunsen burner, (or it might be by the inflammablo
gas when generated and led, by a pipe controlled by a tap, from the upper part of
the vessel A itself to such burners, or to one of the improved burners 6 to 6 to
support combustion). The boiler A is surrounded with an enclosing sheet-metal
heating case C, C, at the sides C, and closed in over the top at (", so that the hot
flames and gases from the fire chamber B, B', would heat the whole exposed surface
of the boiler within the case C, C. The boiler A A¹ is supported in a portable manner
on the cross plates C, C, within the case C C¹, so that it may be removed from time
to time for cleaning when desired, through an end door c; and the fire-box B, B', is
also made portable and carried on angled slide plates B2, below the boiler A A',
within the case CC³, so as to be removed out through the same door c placed in line
with it for supplying and trimming the fire within the fire-box B B', all from time
to time. The outer or exposed surface of the upper part of the boiler or its outer
case C, C¹, above it, might be cased or lagged as seen at c¹ in Figure 3, or otherwise
protected to prevent loss of heat, or condensation. When coke or wood charcoal is
used in the fire-box B, B¹, the waste hot fumes or gases after heating the oil
boiler A, A¹, above it, would be allowed to escape from the upper part of the
closing-in heating case C, C, by the outlet branch C made of a proper size to sustain
the draught through the fire, or regulated by a closing lid or damper C; and when
a coal fire is used, a sheet-metal flue might be fitted to this branch C³, to lead the
smoke or gases to any convenient chimney. The whole lamp is thus carried on the
outer case C, C¹, as a self-contained portable arrangement on feet c² preferably set on
a metal tray c, to receive the hot ashes and prevent the chance of setting fire to any
floor or material on or near which it might be set, although it might also carry this
tray portably under the fire box B, B¹, when the whole is made to run on wheels.
For the convenience of removing the whole from place to place, carrying arms or
levers D, D, would be hinged on centres or rivets D₁ secured to the sides C, C, near
each end of the outer case, and have kneed heels to act on stops at D' when the
arms D, D, are raised horizontally for carrying and removing it by two persons;
but when desired it might be mounted on running wheels at the sides on studs, or a
cross axle, to be rolled about by one person, as shown in dotted lines at I.
This boiler A A' might be fitted with an ordinary glass gauge tube at one end to
show the height of the liquid within, although this is not shown in the Drawings, as
the vessel cannot be filled higher than the top of the filling tube All; but it would
always be fitted with a suitable small pressure safety valve chest E, with an enclosed
spring or weighted valve e, having the stem e" of its case E tightly screwed into the
top of the boiler, and loaded to the pressure required, say of from 5 to 50 pounds to
the square inch, as the light will work with safety at any pressure between these.
The valve chest E is fitted with a pipe E' leading down to a small coiled condenser E',
immersed in a small cold water cistern E³, or other equivalent condenser, either set
at the side of the boiler furnace B, or on a bracket E carried by it, as shown in
Figures 2 and 7. This condenser E2 E³ would prevent danger of fire or annoying
smell from a free escape of the gases from the safety valve E, e, by conducting them
down through the pipe and coil E', E³, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 2, and
condensing them into oil again, which would escape and be received in the lower
division of the vessel E" from which it could be drawn off by the small tap or spout
at E, or by uncoupling the conducting tube e¹, e³, from time to time as required.
This close safety-valve chamber E and condenser E¹, E³, E³, may also be used for.

page_text: drawing off any condensed oil or steam vapour which may descend the lamp tube a¹
before starting the lamp flame, or opening the tap a' by the blow-off pipe F, leading
from the top of the pipe a' down to the valve chest E, and fitted with a valve F¹ to be
opened when this blow-off pipe is to be used to blow off the said steam or vapour
down into the condenser E', E', E", before starting the light. The oil a would
preferably be filled through the pipe A", to about two-thirds or three-fourths of the
height of the vessel A A', leaving the top part above the oil, as a pressure reservoir
for the gas generated within to supply pressure vapour through the tube a' leading
to the jet burner band controlled by a valvo a to produce the light. The vapour
pipe a would be screwed at its lower end tight into the top of the boiler, and for
this size of apparatus and burner, would not require to be more than three quarters
of an inch in diameter, and it may be made of any suitable height the light is desired
to be placed above the boiler A A', but it would be encased within a hollow tube a³,
or other lagging, to prevent the condensation of the vapours within the tube.
In some cases, however, when this vapour lamp tube a¹ is tall, as when the light is
required to be high or at a distance from the boiler, the hot gases from the furnace
would preferably be led up a tube a*, surrounding the vapour tube a', which would
keep the oil gas or vapour from condensing within this tube a¹, as seen particularly
in Figures 6 and 7, and the regulating vapour valve a², in this case, when fitted close
to the burner b, would have a double lever fon it, and have wires f¹ brought down
from these levers f for opening and closing the valve a² from the ground; or in place
of levers a grooved wheel with chains might be used to open and close the valve.
The new construction of the burner consists in fitting and securing to the top of
the said tube a or its valve a², the jet nozzle b, which we term the gas jet nozzle,
projecting and screwed into a larger tube or air induction chamber ', which we
term the combining gas and air chamber or nozzle, preferably about an inch or
inch and quarter in diameter and from three to six inches long, contracted at 62, or
having a contracted tube or flame nozzle screwed within its upper end termed the
flame nozzle 62, which may be about three quarters of an inch in diameter. At the
lower end of the combining chamber b', two or more tubes 611 or 61 would be fitted,
projecting out laterally opposite each other, the first 6" preferably a little below the
point of the gas nozzle b, so as to admit air from the outside through these tubes 611
to combine with the gas issuing from the nozzle b and be drawn in by the suction
force of the gas within the combining chamber 6', two sets of these tubes 61, 6111, at
right angles to each being shown. When this second set 6111 of these lateral air tubes
were used, they would be fitted to the combining chamber 6' as shown a little above
the others and above the burner, preferably at right angles to the first set, and any
other sets of these air admission tubes added would be placed in like manner a little
above the others; and when desired these tubes might be provided with taps or plugs
to regulate the quantity of air to the combining gas and air chamber 6'; and the air
led to these tubes 61, 6111, may be heated either by leading a tube coiled or otherwise
from the fire-box or through its own flame. Or, as shown in Figures and 7, the
air led to these nozzle tubes 6 to 62 in the flame chamber b might be led up by tubes g,
having controlling taps g', through the escaping hot gas tube or funnel a and so be
heated on its way to the burner. The gas and air would thus be forced up this
combining chamber 6' into and through the flame nozzle or combustion chamber 6, 63,
and being ignited at this nozzle b³, would burn in a long flame therefrom; and the
nozzle 6 and lower part of the flame would be protected from being blown out by
the wind by the short wide conical combustion chamber 3, which may be provided
with holes or recesses preferably at the under part 6 to let in air to the flame, and
the lower part of this conical chamber 63 might be screwed to or formed as a socket
to slide on the outside of the combining tube 61 above the inlet tubes 61, 6111, and
might be fixed in any position by a screw or other equivalent. The upper part of
this chamber 63 may be contracted to regulate the width of the flame. Or otherwise,
in some cases, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, this combustion chamber 63 might be
formed with one, two, or more internal annular tubes 68, for regulating the admission
and heating the air leading down to the flame within this tube either with or

page_text: without air holes 6¹¹, 6¹¹¹, 64, at its lower end. The boiler A, A¹, would also be fitted
with a Bourdon or other ordinary pressure gauge G. In some cases when preferred,
a small spray jet of the liquid could be forced up from the lower part of the boiler A, A',
through a small tube, as indicated in dotted lines at H in Figures 1 and 2, with a
controlling tap H', and out through a small hole at h at the upper bent end, which
would deliver the spray into the centre of the flame, within the flame chamber, so
as to he burned with the vapour and air flame above the burner when this was desired,
as for using up the thicker residues of the oil near the bottom of the vessel, and so
prevent the necessity for cleaning this out so frequently as might otherwise be
required.
Referring to the vertical arrangement shown in Figure 3, which is preferred for
stationary purposes, the whole is mounted on a low stationary cast-iron frame B³,
preferably round, with a round grated ring B', fitted in this, having a hollow in the
centre which would support the long vertical cylindrical boiler A A¹ in this position
and also with a vertical annular fire-box, preferably in the form of a strong cylinder B
of fire-clay, leaving an annular space B between this and the boiler A, A', for
containing the fuel and fire over the radial grate bars B¹. The upper part of the
boiler would be covered in with a closing in casing C, C¹, resting on the top of the
boiler at C¹, and on the top of the firewall B at C where it might be jointed by fire-
clay to make it air-tight, and formed with the outlet draught branch C³ at top, and
covered in round the upper part by an outer casing c¹ or other lagging, and a door
or doors would be formed at C, over the fire-place B for filling in the fuel and
stirring up the fire which would heat the whole cylindrical sides of the boiler A, A',
within the fire-place B₁ and upper closing-in heating chamber C C¹.
The upper
domed end of the boiler would be fitted with the pressure safety valve E and
pressure guage G, and vapour tube a¹ and burner 6 to 64, all otherwise substantially
as described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, and 6 and 7.
Although we have only shown the burner b to b, right over the boiler A, A¹, on
the top of the vapour conducting pipe a', a³, it is to be understood that this pipe could
be conveyed some distance away from the boiler, and have the burner erected on it in
a suitable vertical position where the light was required, always taking care that the
pipe a' was thoroughly covered in or lagged to prevent the condensation of the vapour
in the pipes, or kept heated by the escaping gases from the furnace, all as hereinbefore
described:
And although we have only described and shown the boiler as of a circular
cylindrical shape, it may be formed of a hollow spherical or other equivalent shape
which would be sufficiently strong to withstand the pressure of the oil generated
within it.
And although we have only described and shown these lamps both portable and
stationary for giving vertical flames for lighting in open spaces, it is to be understood
that they are equally applicable and might be used for heating purposes by setting
the burner 6 to 6 on its tube a¹ horizontally or at an angle so as to inject the long
flame in this manner into the furnace or chamber to be heated. And further, that
the form and construction of the vapour and air inducing nozzle or burner 6 to
might be very considerably varied with nearly equal results, so long as the air is
admitted in proper regulated quantity through holes near the vapour jet nozzle b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
First. The construction, or general arrangement and combination of the parts of a
lamp for burning oleaginous pressure gas or vapour and air for lighting purposes or
for heating purposes, as distinguished respectively for portable and for stationary
arrangements, all substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction of a lamp for burning oleaginous pressure gas or vapour
and air for lighting or for heating purposes, having a boiler for generating the pressure
oil gas or vapour, either heated by a portable permanent fire or a Bunsen gas jet

page_text: burner, all substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Third. In a lamp for burning oleaginous pressure gas or vapour and air for lighting
or for heating purposes, the combination of an oil gas generating boiler, with an
enclosing heating chamber and permanent fire, below or surrounding it, all sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein described in reference to and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In a lamp for burning oleaginous pressure gas or vapour and air for
lighting and for heating purposes, the construction of a vapour jet and air induction
combining nozzle 6 to 6, with lateral air inducing branches or apertures close to the
vapour nozzle b, all substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In a lamp for burning oleaginous pressure gas or vapour and air for lighting
or for heating purposes, the construction and use of a close safety valve chamber with
tube conveying the escaping vapours to a Condenser, substantially as and for
the advantages herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.