IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MILK AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges of the firm of Brydges & Co.,
Engineers and Patent Agents, of 107 Königgrätzer Str. in the City of Berlin
and German Empire and N° 6 St Leonard's Terrace, Upton, in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of 46 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF
MILK AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
communicated to him by Eduard Scherff of the town of Wendisch Buchholz,
Germany
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1883.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & Co. Engineers and Patent
Agents of 107 Königgrätzer Str. in the City of Berlin and German Empire and
No. 6 St Leonard's Terrace Upton in the County of Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PRESERVATION OF MILK AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION
"
THEREWITH A communication to me by Eduard Scherff of the town of Wendisch
Buchholz, Germany.
My Invention relates to improvements in the preservation of milk and in
apparatus to be employed in connection there with and is carried into effect in the
following manner.
Suitable bottles or other receptacles are filled with cold fresh milk and then
corked and the said cork cut sharp off level with the mouth of the bottle.
I now lay a filtering disc of close fabric saturated with a mixture of oil
and paraffin over the mouth of the bottle and the cork and above this said
filtering disc another disc of cork or other suitable elastic material which said discs
of fabric and cork are of sufficient size to completely cover the mouth of the bottle.
By means of a suitable device or devices, which is or are either attached to the
neck of the bottle itself or to frame or carriage serving to carry the said bottles,
the aforementioned discs are pressed loosely onto the mouth of the bottle.
The bottles so prepared are placed in a suitable apparatus and the contents of
the apparatus subjected to air and steam pressure from 1 to 4 atmospheres and at a
suitable temperature
After a short time the pressure is reduced without lowering the temperature.

page_text: If water pressure is employed the entire water is let off from the serpentine tube
or coil and steam admitted in place of the same. In consequence of this process
and the pressure in the bottles, the milk and the vapour are forced out of the
bottles, through the pores in the cork thus entirely disinfecting the said cork and
destroying all spores or germs in the cork.
The bottles are now removed from the apparatus and the filtering and cork discs
pressed firmly onto the mouth of the bottles and the said bottles filled with milk
placed aside to cool.
All air entering the bottle during the cooling down of the milk must pass through
the cork and also through the filtering disc and is thus entirely filtered or freed
from all spores or germs and all matter likely to injuriously affect the milk.
After the milk has been entirely cooled down, the cork and filtering discs with
the spores or germs contained in the same are removed so that the cork is out of
all connection with the spores in the same.
In order to prevent the atmospheric air from exercising any injurious effect on
the cork in the bottle, the mouth of the said bottle and the cork are provided with
a coating of paraffin or other appropriate material, or in such cases where a whole
row of bottles are freed from the discs at one time, air could be prevented from
coming in contact with the cork by rolling over the same, a roller provided
with a waterproof mixture such for instance as the Heyer's waterproofing
composition.
The contents of the bottle are in this manner. fully protected against atmospheric
influence and the air in the interior of the bottles and also the corks are prevented
from exercising any deleterious effect on the milk so that this is perfectly preserved
and remains good and pure for an indefinitely long period, as experiments have
proved for many years.
The apparatus for heating the bottles and the milk contained in the same
consists of a large wrought iron or other suitable boiler which is provided at onc
end with a removeable cover which said cover can be firmly pressed against the
end of the boiler by means of suitably arranged screws so that the receptacle can
be hermetically closed.
A serpentine tube is laid along the bottom or lower part of the boiler or
receptacle and is by means of other pipes in connection with the steam supply pipe
The aforenamed steam supply pipe is connected to the main leading from the
boiler and can be put out of action by means of a suitable cut-off valve.
A pipe or tube is connected to the aforementioned serpentine tube at or near the
middle of the boiler and is provided with a manometer and also with a Küsenberg
apparatus for leading off the water of condensation
This said pipe or tube is also provided with a small cock which is situate at the
lowest part of the said pipe in order to be able to let off the water of condensation
out of the serpentine tube when the apparatus is not in use.
The coils of the serpentine tube are held together by means of suitable holders
or clamping devices.
The serpentine tube is employed for attaining air and steam pressure or for
raising the temperature by water pressure; and steam is led into both extremities
of the same by means of the aforementioned connection pipes or tubes.
In order to produce air and steam pressure so much water is admitted into the
receptacle or boiler, that the said serpentine tube is covered with water.
The lower part of the forward end of the boiler or receptacle is closed by a piece
of sheet metal
A water guage shews the height of the water in the boiler which said water is
fed into the boiler by means of suitably arranged feed pipes. One of the said feed
pipes being connected with the lower side of the boiler or receptacle, it can also
serve to let off the water from the boiler and therefor it leads out into the open air
or into an appropriate receptacle and is provided with a cock or valve.
If steam is now fed into the serpentine tube, the water in the boiler is warmed
and as the wator of condensation is led off by the Küsenberg apparatus and fresh

page_text: steam is constantly fed into the serpentine tube, the water rapidly reaches the
boiling point and steam is generated.
The air in the interior of the boiler is also heated and the desired pressure
attained.
In order to attain this pressure by means of water, one of the aforementioned
feed pipes is so arranged that the same is in connection with the main water pipe
and steam pipe by means of suitably arranged cocks.
In order to attain this pressure the water cock is opened and the boiler filled
with water, after which the said water cock is closed and the steam cock opened so
that the steam from the generator presses direct on the water and transfers its
pressure to the same. As the heat necessary to carry out my process is not con-
tained in the water, steam is admitted through the serpentine tube until the same
temperature is attained as described above when air and steam are employed.
In order to remove the pressure from the boiler or receptacle a tube is arranged
at the upper part of the steam chest or dome which said tube is so arranged that
the said tube is in connection with two other tubes in order to attain an equable
reduction of the pressure in the boiler.
The said tube is further provided with a valve through which the steam escapes
into the open air or into a suitable reservoir or condensing apparatus.
In order to be able to observe the pressure and temperature in the boiler or
receptacle a thermometer and manometer are employed. A device is further
arranged in the steam chest in order to be able to observe the temperature in the
middle or central portion of the filled milk bottles. A thermometer is inserted in
a suitable receptacle filled with water by means of a suitable inlet cork and
attached to the lid of the steam chest. This said receptacle is in connection with
another open receptacle by means of a tube or pipe, both receptacles being provided
with let off cocks. The pressure in the interior of the boiler is transmitted through
the open receptacle or vessel and the connection pipe or tube to the vessel or
receptacle attached to the lid of the steam chest; the temperature in the boiler is
transferred in like manner as is the case with the bottles to the aforementioned
almost exactly in
vessel, so that the temperature registered by the thermometer
correspondence with the temperature in the bottles.
When the process in the boiler is completed the same is thoroughly cooled down
by means of a water pipe or tube which runs along the upper part of the boiler
and is provided with perforations so that the water let into this said pipe is
injected in fine spray against the interior surface of the boiler, which said boiler is
in this manner thoroughly cooled so that the boiler becomes filled with cold and
dense air.
In order to facilitate the operation of inserting or removing the bottles from the
boiler or receptacle, the side walls of the boiler are provided with rails on which
two trucks or carriages run, which said trucks or carriages are made to take or
carry two or more rows or shelves of bottles. The rails are prolonged outside the
boiler and are supported by a suitable framework; the rails outside the boiler
being connected to the rails in the interior of the boiler by means of plates or
laths the carriages can be easily run into or removed from the boiler or
receptacle.
The bottles are carried by suitably arranged frames which said frames are
provided with small laths or strips of wood, hoop iron, or other suitable material
upon which the bottles are placed.
The mouth of the bottles or receptacles employed for this process is made in the
interior, somewhat conical so that the cork can give way when the bottles are
heated in order to prevent the bottles from bursting. A clamp provided with a
screw on the lower end of which a loose disc is attached can be used for pressing
the cork and filtering discs onto the bottles. The screw of the clamp is
turned by means of a key and the said clamp possesses so much spring
power that the same can be readily applied to and removed from the bottle
nock

page_text: Other devices may be employed for pressing the discs onto the cork and mouth
of the bottle which said devices or arrangements are arranged on the aforementioned
bottle-carriage or truck.
These devices possess the advantage that the discs can be pressed on to the mouth
of the bottles much quicker than is possible with the ordinary hand clamp which
is attached to the bottle.
One of the arrangements which I employ consists of a suitable number of
clamps provided with screws and discs, which said clamps are attached to the
bracket of the aforementioned carriage or truck. The screws to this clamping
device are provided with broad heads in order to enable the screws to be easily
turned. In order that the bottles may stand directly underneath the compression
screws, suitable recesses lined with felt or other material are provided in the bottom
board or plate upon which the bottles stand.
I employ another arrangement which enables the cork and filtering discs of all
the bottles on one shelf or tier of the carriage to be pressed on at the saine
moment, thus saving a great amount of time and labor. In this arrangement the
bottles stand also on a sheet of felt or other suitable material in order to
compensate for any unevenness on the bottom of the said bottles; and, in order
to steady the bottles the necks of the same project through borings in a suitable
lath or board-A suitable plate extending the whole length of the truck or
carriage is arranged above the bottles, which said plate is held in raised position
by means of springs. A shaft or axle provided with eccentrics is arranged in
suitable bearings over the before mentioned pressure plate, and upon the turning
of the said shaft or axle the eccentrics cause the said plate to press down the cork
and filtering discs on the bottles. This said plate is provided with strengthening
ribs at those places where the eccentrics act upon it.
The said axle is turned by means of a lever which fits into a socket provided
for the same, so that the lever can be easily removed when the carriage or truck
is introduced into the boiler or apparatus

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th September 1883.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & Co Engineers and Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str in the City of Berlin and German Empire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MILK AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
IN CONNECTION THEREWITH a communication to me from Eduard Scherff of the
town of Wendisch-Buchholz in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire
My Invention relates to improvements in the preservation of milk and in
apparatus to be employed in connection therewith and is carried into effect in the
following manner :-
Suitable bottles or other receptacles are filled with cold fresh milk and then
corked and the said cork cut sharp off level with the mouth of the bottle.
I now lay a filtering disc of close fabric saturated previously with a mixture of oil
and paraffine over the mouth of the bottle and the cork, and above this said filtering
disc another disc of cork or other suitable clastic porous material, which said discs
of fabric and cork are of sufficient size to completely cover the mouth of the bottle.
By means of a suitable device or devices, which is or are either attached to tho
neck of the bottle itself or to a frame or carriage serving to carry the said bottles,
the aforementioned discs are pressed loosely on to the mouth of the bottle.
The bottles so prepared are placed in a suitable apparatus and the contents of
the apparatus subjected to air and steam pressure from 1 to 4 atmospheres and at
a suitable temperature equal to 110° Centigrade or 230° Fahrenheit.
After a short time the pressure is reduced without lowering the temperature.
If water pressure is employed the entire water is let off from the serpentino
tube or coil and steam admitted in place of the same.
In consequence of this process and the pressure in the bottles the milk and the
vapor are forced out of the bottles, through the pores in the cork thus entirely
disinfecting the said cork and destroying all spores or gerins in the cork.
The bottles are now removed from the apparatus and the filtering and cork disc
pressed firmly on to the mouth of the bottles, and the said bottles filled with milk
placed aside to cool.
All air entering the bottle during the cooling down of the milk must pass through
the cork and also through the filtering disc and is thus entirely filtered or freed
from all spores or germs and all matter likely to injuriously affect the milk.
After the milk has been entirely cooled down, the cork and filtering discs with
the spores or germs contained in the same are removed so that the cork is out of
all connection with the spores in the same.
In order to prevent the atmospheric air from exercising any injurious effect on
the cork in the bottle, the mouth of the said bottle and the cork are provided with
a coating of paraffine or other appropriate material. Or in such case where a
whole row of bottles are freed from the discs at one time air could be prevented
from coming in contact with the cork by rolling over the same, a roller provided
with a water proof mixture, such for instance as the Heyer's waterproofing
composition.
The contents of the bottle are in this manner fully protected against atmospheric
influence and the air in the interior of the bottles and also the corks are prevented
from exercising any deleterious effect on the milk, so that this is perfectly
preserved and remains good and pure for an indefinitely long period; as
experiments have proved for many years,

page_text: The apparatus employed in carrying out my said improved process are shewn in
the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a view of the apparatus in which the bottles are warmed under
pressure.
Figure 2 is a vertical section.
Figure 3 a horizontal section and
Figure 4 a cross section of the apparatus.
Figure 5 is a view of the bottle with the device for pressing the filtering and
cork discs on to the mouth of the same. Figure 6 is a top view of this said device
Figures 7 and 8 show modifications of my device for pressing the said discs on to
the mouth of the bottles in connection with a truck or carriage, which said carriage
or carriages are filled with bottles and then run into the apparatus.
The apparatus for heating the bottles and the milk contained in the same
consists of a large wrought iron or other suitable boiler A which is provided at one
end with a removeable cover B which said cover B can be firmly pressed against
the end of the boiler by means of the screws a so that the receptacle is hermetically
closed. A serpentine tube C is laid along the bottom or lower part of the boiler
or receptacle and is connected with the steam supply pipe D by means of the
pipes b and c.
The steam pipe D is connected to the main E leading from the boiler and can be
put out of action by means of the cut off valve F.
A pipe or tube G is connected to the aforementioned serpentine tube C at or
near the middle of the boiler and is provided with a manometer H and also with a
Küsenberg apparatus I for leading off the water of condensation.
This said pipe or tube G is also provided with a small cock d which is situate
at the lowest part of the said pipe in order to be able to let off the water of
condensation out of the serpentine tube when the apparatus is not in use.
The coils of the serpentine tube are held together by means of suitable holders
or clamping devices y z.
The serpentine tube is employed for attaining air and steam pressure or for
raising the temperature by water pressure; and steam is led into both extremities
of the same by means of the aforementioned connection pipes or tubes 6 c.
In order to produce air and steam pressure, so much water is admitted into the
receptacle or boiler, that the said serpentine tube is covered with water. The
lower part of the forward end of the boiler or receptacle is closed by a piece of
sheet metal.
A water guage f shews the height of the water in the boiler which said water is
fed into the boiler by means of suitably arranged feed pipes K. L. M. The pipe or
tube M acts as main and is provided with a cock N. One of the said feed pipes K
being connected with the lower side of the boiler or receptacle, it can also serve to
let off the water from the boiler and therefor it leads out into the open air or into
an appropriate receptacle and is provided with a cock or valve.
If steam is now fed into the serpentine tube, the water in the boiler is warmed
and as the water of condensation is led off by the Küsenberg apparatus I and fresh
steam, is constantly fed into the serpentine tube, the water rapidly reaches the
boiling point and steam is generated.
The air in the interior of the boiler is also heated and the desired pressure
attained.
In order to attain this pressure by means of water, one of the aforementioned
feed pipes L is so arranged that the same is in connection with the main water
pipe E and steam pipe by means of suitably arranged cocks N. O.
In order to attain this pressure the water cock Ñ is opened and the boiler filled
with water, after which the said water cock N is closed and the steam cock O
opened so that the steam from the generator presses direct on the water and
transfers its pressure to the same.
As the heat necessary to carry out my process is not contained in the water

page_text: steam is admitted through the serpentine tube C until the same temperature is
attained as described above when air and steam are employed.
In order to remove the pressure from the boiler or receptacle a tube Q is arranged
at the upper part of the steam chest or dome which said tube is so arranged that
the said tube is in connection with two other tubes R. S. in order to attain an
equable reduction of the pressure in the boiler.
The said tube is further provided with a valve T through which the steam escapes
into the open air or into a suitable reservoir or condensing apparatus.
In order to be able to observe the pressure and temperature in the boiler or
receptacle, a thermometer g and manometer U are employed. A device is further
arranged in the steam chest P in order to be able to observe the temperature in
the middle or central portion of the filled milk bottles.
A thermometer his inserted in a suitable receptacle k filled with water by means
of a suitable inlet cock i and attached to the lid of the steam chest.
This said receptacle k is in connection with another open receptacle by means
of a tube or pipe m; both receptacles being provided with let off cocks.
The pressure in the interior of the boiler is transmitted through the open receptacle
or vessel and the connecting pipe or tube m to the water contained in the vessel or
receptacle attached to the lid of the steam chest; the temperature in the boiler is
transferred in like manner as is the case. with the bottles to the aforementioned
vessel so that the temperature registered by the thermometer h is almost exactly
in correspondence with the temperature in the bottles.
When the process in the boiler is completed the same is thoroughly cooled down
by means of a water pipe or tube X, which runs along the upper part of the boiler
and is provided with perforations, so that the water let into this said pipe X is
injected in fine spray against the interior surface of the boiler, which said boiler
is in this manner thoroughly cooled so that the boiler becomes filled with cold and
dense air. The cold water pipe X is connected to the main water pipe M by
means of the pipe or tube Y which said pipe Y is provided with a suitable cock or
valve.
In order to facilitate the operation of inserting or removing the bottles from the
boiler or receptacle the side walls of the boiler are provided with rails n on which
two trucks or carriages v run, which said trucks or carriages are made to take or
carry two or more rows or tiers of bottles. The rails are prolonged outside the
boiler and are supported by a suitable frame work W; the rails O outside the
boiler being connected to the rails n in the interior of the boiler by means of
plates or laths p the carriages can be easily run into or removed from the boiler
or receptacle.
The bottles are carried by suitably arranged frames rs of the carriage W which
said frames are provided with small laths or strips of wood hoop iron or other
suitable material v¹ upon which the bottles are placed.
Figure 5 shows a bottle, ready corked, filled with milk and provided with the
filtering and cork disc and also with the device for pressing the said disc onto the
mouth of the bottle.
Figure 6 is a top view of the device for attaching the discs x1 y1 to the mouth
of the bottle.
The mouth of the bottles or receptacles a¹ employed for this process is made, in
the interior, somewhat conical so that the cork can give way when the bottles are
heated in order to prevent the bottles from bursting.
A clamp 6' provided with a screw c¹, on the lower end of which a loose disc d'
is attached, can be used for pressing the cork x' and filtering discs y³ on to the
cork and onto the mouth of the bottles.
The screw of the clamp b' is turned by means of a key and the said clamp
possesses so much spring power that the same can be readily applied to and
removed from the bottle neck.
The Figures 7 and eight show two arrangements or devices for pressing the discs
onto the cork and mouth of the bottle which said devices are arranged on the

page_text: aforementioned carriage by means of which the bottles are placed in or removed
from the boiler or receptacle.
These devices possess the advantage that the discs can be pressed onto the mouth
of the bottles much quicker than is possible with the ordinary hand clamp which
is attached to the bottle as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
One of the arrangements which I employ (Fig 7) consists of a suitable number
of clamps g¹ provided with screws and discs, which said clamps are attached to
the bracket f of the aforementioned carriage or truck. The screws h¹ to this
clamping device are provided with loose discs 2 which press on the corks and
filtering discs, and at the top with broad heads in order to enable the screws to be
easily turned. In order that the bottles may stand directly underneath the
compression screws, suitable recesses lined with felt or other material are provided
in the bottom board or plate upon which the bottles stand.
I employ another arrangement (Fig: 8) which enables the cork and filtering
discs of all the bottles on one shelf or tier of the carriage to be pressed on at the
same moment, thus saving a great amount of time and labor.
In this arrangement the bottles stand also on a sheet of felt or other suitable
material in order to compensate for any uneveness on the bottom of the said
bottles; and in order to steady the bottles the necks of the same project through
borings in a suitable lath or board n².
A suitable plate p¹ extending the whole length of the truck or carriage is
arranged above the bottles, which said plate p¹ is held in raised position by means
of springs q'. A shaft or axle 2¹ provided with excentrics s¹ is arranged in suitable
bearings over the before mentioned pressure plate pl; and upon the turning of the
said shaft or axle ¹ the excentrics cause the said plate to press down the cork and
filtering discs on the bottles. This said plate p' is provided with strengthening
ribs at those places where the excentrics act upon it.
The said axle is turned by means of a lever t¹ which fits into a socket u¹
provided for the same, so that the lever can be easily removed when the carriage
or truck is introduced into the boiler or apparatus.
Having now described my said invention and the means of carrying the same
into effect I desire it to be understood that what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is:-
1. My improved process of treating or preserving milk whereby the following
operations are employed:-
-
a, the milk is filled into glass or other bottles or other suitable receptacles.
b, the said bottles are stoppered by means of a suitable stopper or plug of cork.
c, the filtering discs composed of a suitable fabric impregnated with oil and
paraffine are laid over the cork and the mouth of the bottles
d, the cork disc is laid over this filtering disc.
e, both discs pressed on to the mouth of the bottle over the cork stopper, by
means of a suitable clamping device and the bottles with the discs and
clamping arrangement subjected to the combined action of steam and air,
or water and steam pressure so that the spores or germs in the milk and in
the cork plug or stopper are entirely destroyed and the spores or germs in
the air, which penetrates the bottle during the cooling down, are prevented
from entering the bottle by means of the cork disc and the filtering disc
substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
2. The construction, application and employment of the apparatus for treating
or preserving milk in bottles consisting of a boiler A with removeable cover or
lid, of the serpentine tube C, arranged on the bottom of the boiler which said
tube is supplied at both ends with steam by means of the pipes b and c in order
to produce an equable pressure in the boiler; and the pipes K L M to feed the
boiler with water, in which said apparatus a small quantity of water and a
corresponding large quantity of air is heated to such a degree that steam and air
pressure of about 2 atmospheres with a temperature of 110° Celcius is produced,

page_text: by the combined action of which all the spores in the cork are destroyed and the
milk and cork thoroughly disinfected, substantially as described in the foregoing
specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3. The arrangement of the pipe K on the bottom of the boiler which serves
the double purpose of supplying water to the boiler and allowing the same to
escape substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
4. The application of the thermometer h which is inserted in the centre of a
vessel filled with water, so that the temperature in the vessel is registered, which
said temperature corresponds with the temperature in the central portion of the
bottles in the boiler or apparatus, in combination with the receptacle or vessel
and tube m, by means of which the pressure in the boiler is transferred to the
receptacle or vessel k in order to ascertain at any time what pressure exists in
the centre or middle of the bottles substantially as described in the foregoing
specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
5.-The arrangement of the rails n in the boiler or apparatus A and the rails o
outside the boiler fixed on the supports W to enable the trucks or carriages loaded
with bottles filled with milk to be conveniently introduced into or removed from
the boiler, substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in
the accompanying drawings
6.-The application and employment of the clamp and screw for pressing the
cork and filtering discs on to the mouth of the bottle substantially as described in
the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
7.-The device in which a number of clamps and screws are employed so that a
scrow is situated over the mouth of every bottle which said screws can be turned
singly by hand, substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown
in Fig. 7 of the accompanying drawings.
8.-The device for pressing down the cork and filtering discs on all the bottles
on one shelf of the carriage or truck in one operation substantially as described
in the foregoing specification and shown in Fig: 8 of the accompanying drawings.
9. The arrangement of the pipes E. L K M and the cocks O and N in order to
transfer a certain pressure of a steam boiler on to the water in the boiler A of the
apparatus, when water filling is employed, so that even with a high temperature
in the steam generator, low pressure only will be exerted in the apparatus to
disinfect the milk and the cork and whereby this said arrangement serves as a
safety valve, substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
10. The general combination and arrangement of the parts forming an
apparatus for treating or preserving milk in such manner that all the spores or
gerins in the milk and the cork stopper or plug are destroyed substantially as
described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eleventh day of September in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three."
TUTAT
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