Improvements in Earthenware and other Pipe Joints.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd May, 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1834
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Earthenware and other Pipe Joints.
I ROBERT EWING of 19 Great George Street Westminster, London in the
County of Middlesex Earthenware Pipe Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in earthenware and other pipe joints by
which the work of laying and jointing such pipes may be carried out more
expeditiously, cheaply and efficiently than with cominon jointed pipes.
My invention consists of a pipe joint with the usual bell-shaped faucet of more
than ordinary width and depth, having an annular parallel sided inner projection
in a line with the inner side of, and of less thickness than, the body of the pipe and
shorter than the outer wall of said faucet, on the one end of pipe; the end of said
short inner projection being perpendicular or rectangular, & the bottom of the
annular groove thus formed projecting from the exterior line of the body of the
pipe at a slight angle towards the end of pipe. On the other end of pipe is a short
bell-shaped faucet of less than the usual depth and diameter; with rectangular or
perpendicular abutting ends; the inner side of the wall of said short faucet being
tapered outwards. When the one end of pipe is placed in the other the large
faucet receives on its short inner projection the smaller faucet which is thus
completely encompassed & encased; the outer wall of the larger faucet projecting
so far beyond the outer shoulder of the smaller faucet, that when cement is applied
said shoulder is locked within the larger socket.
The joint is made by filling first with plastic cement the short inner faucet which
is centered upon the short annular projection of the larger faucet, & driven home
until the perpendicular abutting faces meet or nearly so when the inner part of pipe
driven in has moved up to the point of alignment, with respect to the floors or
invert of the other pipe.
The slightly slanting bottom of the groove and the rectangular extreme end of
the wall of the small socket nearly oppose each other and form between them a
tapering space which locks in the plastic material, and prevents it being washed out
when water is flowing through the pipe during the process of laying.
The ample remaining space between the outer side and shoulder of small faucet
and the inner side of the outer wall of the large embracing faucet may be filled
with plastic or liquid cement in the usual way.
"
"
I am aware that Letters Patent No. 3191 dated August 22 1877 was granted to
James Robbins for a pipe joint on which there are a cupped or recessed collar
with the "continuation," "neck," or extreme end of pipe projecting some distance
beyond this collar, and faucet of the usual length on the other end of pipe; the
outer shoulder of which faucet does not pass into and cannot be locked in the
"recessed collar"; also with tapering or sloping butt ends or parts opposing
correspondingly tapering butt-ends and parts but I do not claim these features in a
pipe joint as part of my invention.
Dated this Third day of August 1893.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Earthenware and other Pipe Joints.
I ROBERT EWING of 19 Great George Street Westminster London, in the
County of London, England, Earthenware Pipe Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in pipe joints, particularly of the kind or
class of joints described in the following Specifications of Letters Patent viz.
No. 3191 dated August 22, 1877 granted to J. Robbins; and No. 9028 dated
May 31 1889 granted to A. Ramsden which have cupped or recessed collars, or
annular grooves or double sided sockets on the ends of the pipe.
The object of my invention is to provide a joint for earthenware or other pipes,
stronger more capable of withstanding superincumbent strain, and more easily made
watertight than the ordinary joint, and in which a true alignment may be obtained
in the interior of the joint without the aid of gaskin, and generally to remove the
well-known defects of the ordinary joint or mode of jointing.
The usual mode of placing plastic cement in the lower side of the socket of a
pipe already laid, as a bed for the spigot of succeeding pipe, frequently leads to
imperfect work as the workman is apt to pack the spigot too low or too high, and
create unevenness in the interior of the joint, or to move the pipe after it has been
pressed on to the cement, and so form an enlarged bed, which has no grip on the
lower side of the pipe: a defect which the fillet of cement subsequently placed
round the mouth of the socket seldom overcomes. Moreover the plastic cement
placed in the lower side of the socket is apt to be washed out or covered with dirt
during the process of laying in wet soft ground. The strand of gaskin usually
introduced to keep the pipes concentric, and add to the strength of the joint often
fails to fulfil its purpose, because the plain end of pipe, not being always
cylindrical the gaskin may be tight on one side and slack on the other; and
not infrequently the ends of the gaskin project inside the pipe and cause
obstruction.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I will proceed to describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of my improved joint.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of bell-shaped spigot dressed with plastic cement
ready for being driven home.
Figure 3 is a modification of my improved joint showing the inner wall of the
double sided socket of the same length as the outer wall of same: and the bell-
shaped spigot correspondingly lengthened.
According to this invention I form an annular groove or double-sided socket A
Fig. 2 on the thickened end of pipe: the inner wall or side B being shorter than
the outer wall C of said socket, the interior lateral sides only of same being parallel
or nearly so, while the bottom wall D projects at an acute angle to the right from
the line of the body of the pipe.
On the other thickened end of pipe, I form a projecting part or spigot E
exterior to the line of the body of the pipe; said spigot end taking the form, in
general outline, of a short bellshaped faucet of the ordinary kind so that when the
space F Fig. 1 at the inner side of the spigot is filled with plastic cement, and the
spigot driven home into the annular groove, the rectangular extreme end G Fig. 2
of the spigot opposes or nearly so the bottom of the groove; and the plastic
material is locked in a tapering space between the two adjacent end-faces and
will not be easily pushed out if water is flowing through the pipes at the time of
laying.

page_text: The inner side H of the wall of the bell-shaped spigot is tapered outwardly so
that when the pipes are driven home the end-face of the short or inner wall of the
socket abuts or nearly so against the corresponding end-face of spigot end, and
the pipes are then in a position of alignment with regard to the interior parts of the
joint. The shoulder formed by the exterior of bell-shaped spigot and the adjacent
inner part of the double socket are scored circumferentially for the better holding
of the cement which is packed into the mouth of the double-socket: thus keying
in the spigot-end and enabling the joint to withstand great superincumbent
strain.
Bands of any hard composition may be moulded on the inner side of short wall B
of double socket-end and the inner side H of bell-shaped spigot-end so that the
pipes may be made to fit tightly without the aid of plastic cement in the first
instance.
The bottom of the groove A is by preference made to project from the exterior
line of pipe, at an acute angle to the right, but it may be made to project at right
angles from the exterior line of pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved pipe joint, having on one thickened end of pipe an annular
groove or double-sided socket A with inner wall B shorter than the outer wall C,
the interior lateral sides of walls parallel and the bottom wall of groove or double-
sided socket, projecting from the exterior line of the body of pipe at right angles,
or at an angle more or less acute to the right or towards the mouth of the groove,
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
2. The improved pipe joint having on one thickened end of pipe a spigot E
projecting longitudinally and exteriorly from the body of the pipe, in the form
of a short bell-shaped faucet substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
3. The improved pipe joint, showing in section when the two pipes are put
together a tapering space at D between the bottom of the annular groove, and the
adjacent end of spigot; and also the space behind the spigot shoulder at A for the
holding of the outer dressing of cement and keying in the spigot substantially as
and for the purpose herein before described.
Dated this First day of May 1894.
KUBERI EWING.