IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGRAVING AND PRINTING ON GLASS, AND OF FIGURING AND ORNAMENTING THE SAME
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Poole, of the Avenue Road, Regent's Park,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENGRAVING AND PRINTING ON GLASS, AND OF FIGURING AND ORNAMENTING THE
SAME." A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Poole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1854.
I, MOSES POOLE, of the Avenue Road, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ENGRAVING AND PRINTING ON GLASS, AND OF FIGURING AND ORNAMENTING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
There is a bed or table upon which the operative parts of the machine
are placed; a driving shaft gives motion to the other moving parts of the
machine, and it receives its motion from a strap on a pulley in the ordinary
manner; a spindle carries a chuck, upon which the article to be engraved is
held, and with it is caused to revolve on a centre, which is tightened by a
screw; there is a cog wheel upon the spindle which engages with a cog wheel
upon the shaft. The number of the teeth of these cog wheels is so proportioned
that the one shall be a multiple of the other, that is to say, that one shall

page_text: revolve once, while the other is making two, three, four, or any other given
number of revolutions. The shaft is divided into two portions, which are
united by a universal joint. To one portion is attached the embossing cylinder,
upon which the pattern or device to be engraved upon the glass is etched or
otherwise countersunk; this cylinder is kept in contact with the article to be
engraved, in a manner which will be hereafter explained. The cylinder shaft
rests upon and, is supported by two uprights, which rise from the bed of the
machine; upon the top of one of the uprights is a curved guide, against
which the end of the shaft is made to press by a spring, the strength of which
is adjusted by a screw. The centre of the curved guide piece lies in the
periphery of the engraving cylinder on the side next to the article to be
engraved. The end of the shaft is allowed a slight longitudinal motion in its
bearing, for a purpose which will be explained hereafter. There is a lever
beneath the bed of the machine immediately beneath the point of contact
between the engraving cylinder and the article to be engraved. There are
three mortices through the bed of the machine, up through which project three
standards which rise from the lever beneath the table; as this lever is vibrated
upon its centre, the standards and the parts connected therewith vibrate around
a common centre. There is a fork attached to a rod which passes through one
of the standards; this fork grasps the shaft upon each side of the engraving
cylinder, and forces the latter, by means of its spring, against the article to be
engraved; as the lever is caused-to vibrate upon its centre, a rocking motion is
communicated to the cylinder, by which means every portion of the cylinder is
successively brought in contact with the article to be engraved.
The lever, with its standards, is thus made to guide and control all the
motions of the engraving cylinder. The shaft being kept pressed up against
one of the standards by the spring, one end of which is attached to one of the
standards and the lever, is slowly revolved upon its centre for the purpose of
giving the required rocking motion to the cylinders.

page_text: screw a. G is a cog wheel upon the shaft B, which engages with the gear H
upon the shaft I. The number of the teeth of these cog wheels is so propor-
tioned that the one shall be a multiple of the other, that is to say, that one
shall revolve once, while the other is making two, three, four, or any other
given number of revolutions. The shaft I is divided into two portions which are
united by the universal joint at K. To the portion l' is attached the emboss-
ing or lettering cylinder L, upon which the pattern to be engraved upon the
glass is etched or otherwise countersunk. This cylinder is kept in contact with
the article to be engraved, in a manner which will be hereafter explained.
The cylinder shaft I' rests upon and is supported by two uprights M, N, which
rise from the bed of the machine. Upon the top of the upright N is a curved
guide b, against which the end c of the shaft I' is made to press by the
spring O, the strength of which is adjusted by the screw P. The centre of the
guide piece lies in the periphery of the engraving cylinder L, on the side
next to the article to be engraved; the end d of the shaft I is allowed a slight
longitudinal motion in its bearing, for a purpose which will be explained here-
after. Qis a lever beneath the bed of the machine, which is pivotted at f
immediately beneath the point of contact between the engraving cylinder and
the article to be engraved. R, S, and T, are mortises through the bed of the
machine, up through which project the standards g, h, and i, which rise from
the lever Q beneath the table. It is evident, that as this lever is vibrated upon
its centre, the standards g, h, and i, and the parts connected therewith, will
vibrate around a common centre. k is a fork attached to the rod m, which
passes through the standard g; this fork grasps the shaft I' upon each side of
the engraving cylinder, and forces, the latter by means of its spring V, against
the article to be engraved. As the lever Q is caused to vibrate upon its centre,
a rocking motion is communicated to the cylinder L, by which means, every
portion of the cylinder is successively brought in contact with the article to be
engraved. The lever Q, with its standards g, h, and i, is thus made to guide
and control all the motions of the engraving cylinder; the shaft 1' being kept
pressed up against the standard i by the spring O, one end of which is
attached to the standard h. The lever Q is slowly revolved upon its centre for
the purpose of giving the required rocking motion to the engraving cylinder in
the following manner :-W is a screw which runs transversely beneath the
bed of the machine, and carries the nut X, which is connected with the lever Q
by the link Y. Z is a hub upon the shaft B, which carries one or more
studs 1, which strike against the lever A', and depress it as the shaft B
revolves; this lever is pivotted at p, and is connected by the link 2 to the
pawl lever B¹, which is pivoted at r and carries a hook pawl t; this pawl is

page_text: made to engage with the teeth of a ratchet wheel u upon the shaft of the
screw W, by means of which connections, as the shaft B revolves, the
screw W is caused to turn slowly, and thus the lever Q and the parts which
support and guide the engraving cylinder L are caused to revolve. The.
crank G¹ upon the shaft of the screw is for the purpose of adjusting the
position of the parts previous to the commencement of the operation. The.
parts being adjusted in the positions seen in Figures 1 and 2, and the article.
to be engraved being secured upon the chuck on the end of the shaft B, as
before explained, the machine is set in motion, and emery and water are
caused to drop upon the point of contact between the engraved cylinder and
the glass. Those portions of the cylinder which are engraved or countersunk
below the surface produce no effect, but that portion of the cylinder which is
unengraved presses or grinds the emery upon the glass, by which the latter is
cut or grooved; the surface thus produced being more or less rough according
to the fineness of the emery or other cutting material employed. It is evident,
that if the figure be sunk beneath the surface of the engraving cylinder it will
appear upon the glass uncut, while the ground will be roughened; but if the
figure be raised above the surface of the engraving cylinder, then it will be cut
below the surface of the glass, and the ground will be left plain. The engraving
cylinder is caused to rock in contact with the article to be cut, that every por-
tion of the figure may be brought into contact with the corresponding portion
of the article to be engraved, the shaft I sliding longitudinally in its bearings d
to accomodate it to this motion. It is evident that the diameter of the
engraving cylinder should bear about the same relation to the diameter of
the article to be engraved that the diameter of the gear H does to that of
the wheel G; it is by no means necessary, however, that this correspondence
should be exact; for although any variation therefrom will produce a drag
between the surfaces of the engraving cylinder and the glass, yet this drag,
being equally distributed over the whole surface of the latter, is very slight at
any one point, and can produce no other effect than to widen or narrow the
lines of the figures upon the glass to a degree which is not easily discoverable,
and is not injurious to the beauty or symmetry of the figure.
When the article to be lettered or engraved is flat, instead of being
cylindrical or cone-shaped, the engraved cylinder may be caused to roll
longitudinally over its surface by a sliding rack bar and cog wheel, in a
manner which need not be farther explained.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood, that what I claim as the
Invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,-

page_text: The within-described method of engraving or lettering upon glass; an
engraved cylinder being caused to revolve in contact with the surface of
the glass, emery, or other suitable cutting material being interposed between
the bearing surfaces of the two.
.Second, I claim the method, substantially as herein described, of causing the
engraving cylinder to roll in contact with the surface of the article to be
engraved, the parts which carry and give motion to the cylinder being con-
nected with the vibrating bar Q operating in the manner substantially, as set.
forth..
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my
hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
B. GOBEY,
12, Cursitor Street,
Chancery Lane.
MOSES POOLE. (L.S.)