IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES AND COLLARS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Edward Shearman, of Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES
AND COLLARS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Edward Shearman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1857.
I, JAMES EDWARD SHEARMAN, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SADDLES AND COLLARS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in forming saddletrees wholly or partially of hardened
rubber, or of hardened combined with vulcanized rubber, or of a combination
of wood or metal and vulcanized rubber; also in forming the padding under
saddletrees of rubber, rubber-web, or of a network of rubber-web or thread.
And my
Invention in collars consists in forming them of hardened rubber and
vulcanized rubber, or of a combination of vulcanized rubber and leather.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Edward Shearman in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
EDWARD SHEARMAN, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
tho said James Edward Shearman, Her special licence that I, the said James
Edward Shearman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said James Edward Shearman, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVELIENTS IN SADDLES AND COLLARS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Edward Shear-
man, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under his,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Offico within six calendar months next, and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Edward Shearman, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:―
My Invention consists in forming saddletrees wholly or partially of hardened
rubber, or of hardened combined with vulcanized or cured rubber, or vulcan-
ized or cured spongy rubber, or of a combination of wood or metal and
vulcanized or cured rubber, or vulcanized or cured spongy rubber; also in
formning the padding under saddletrees of rubber, rubber-web, or of a network
of rubber-web or thread, or of vulcanized or cured spongy rubber.
And my Invention in collars consists in forming them of hardened vulcanized

page_text: or cured rubber, or vulcanized or cured spongy rubber, or of a combination of
vulcanized or cured spongy rubber and leather.
The Drawings annexed shew an ordinary saddletree in three positions.
To relieve the horse from the dead pressure of the saddle, either when mounted
or not, and at the same time to obtain an elastic seat without reducing the
strength of the tree, I employ an elastic medium or pad, by securing one, two,
or more layers of vulcanized or cured spongy rubber to the inside of the crutch
B, C, and also to the under part or inside of the side and back frames D, D;
but vulcanized or cured rubber of other kinds may be used for the same
purpose.
The Drawings represent views of an ordinary hunting or riding saddletree,
but my Invention is equally applicable to all kinds of saddles or pads, whether
for horses or other animals used for riding, draught, or burthen.
Another part of my Invention consists in the employment, in licu of the
usual padding under the saddletree, wholly or partially vulcanized, or cured
rubber. This may be accomplished in many ways, as, for instance, by the uso
of vulcanized or cured rubber webbing, or other vulcanized or cured rubber, in
combination with silk, thread, cotton, woollen, or other fibres or fabrics, or
alone, and by the employment of rubber in a cellular, tubular, or latticed
form. Any other form, however, whereby the heat derived from the animal
may be permitted to escape may be adopted, but I prefer the use of vulcanized
or cured spongy rubber.
I recommend the use of cured spongy rubber beneath the tree. The whole
of the padding might if it were desired be made of this material. Some soft
evaporating material should be applied between the animal and the rubber,
either covering or attached to the rubber or separately. I form my collars in
one or more pieces, hollow or solid, or filled up, and I employ vulcanized or
cured rubber in the stuffing or filling up of the collars in either form. I prefer
for this purpose vulcanized or cured spongy rubber, but vulcanized or cured
rubber of other kinds may be used for the same purpose, either hollow. or
filled up.
For the covering of collars, hardened rubber combined with vulcanized or
cured rubber, or a combination of both, or either with leather, woollen, silk,
thread, cotton, or other soft material, or any soft material prepared with a
coating of vulcanized or cured rubber, may be used, either alone or in com-
bination, as before mentioned.
For the saddles or pads of draught horses or other animals, metal, wood,
or leather, or hardened vulcanized or cured rubber combined with vulcanized

page_text: or cured spongy rubber, or with vulcanized or cured rubber, in any of the
forms, or with any of the combinations before mentioned, may be used.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the constructing of saddles in the manner herein-before described.
And, second, the constructing of collars for horses and other animals in the
manner heroin-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Edward Shearman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-seven.