IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CHINEEING, BY DYEING, OF TEXTILE SUBSTANCES IN SLIVERS BEFORE SPINNING, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Alfred Barlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1879. A communication
from abroad by Louis Bentayoux, of Paris, France.
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WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Patent Agent
and Engineer. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CHINEEING, BY DYEING, OF
TEXTILE SUBSTANCES IN SLIVERS BEFORE SPINNING, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED THEREFOR A communication from abroad by Louis Bentayoux, of Paris,
France.
دو
Up to the present time when it has been required to chinee, by dyeing, textiles
in continuous ribbons it has been necessary to employ costly apparatus and a
relatively large bath.
The object of the present Invention is to claim an industrial treatment of textiles
in ribbons, and more particularly of the apparatus by which the chineeing is
obtained in a practical and easy manner, and at very little cost.
The treatment is as follows:-
There is used a rectangular bath-trough or vat of wood or other suitable
material, held together at their two extremities by cast iron plate tie bars at the
outside of the vat in which a vertical plate is movable by means of a press screw
traversing the vat and terminating at its extremity by a hand wheel or winch
handle in order that an energetic pressing can be produced at will and when
necessary.
This arrangement will be found already described in the Specification of Letters
Patent, dated the 27th September, 1878, No. 3822.
It is between this movable press plate and the opposite side of the vat to that
through which the press screw traverses that the frames charged or filled with the
textile material to be chineed are placed.
These frames are made of red or white deal and prepared as will be hereinafter
described, and further, it is to be remarked that although all other woods have been
tried, none other gives such good results as the deal.
Of these said frames there are two sorts, male and female; the male frames are
constructed as follows:-A certain number of small deal wood bars pierced with
small holes are arranged parallel to each other, and through the said holes are
passed metal tie rods or bolts, and on these tie rods between each bar are placed
separation rings or space blocks, the size of which will be according to the spaces
of the ribbons required to be dyed, thus there is obtained upon the tie bars a
T

page_text: succession of cross bars and space rings forming a complete grid, the ends of said
tie bars being furnished with a screw thread and nut, and the opposite end, that is,
the heads, are recessed into the first bar so that the whole body may be screwed
solidly together.
The female frames differ from the male frames in that the bars are somewhat
longer and are constructed as follows:-Said bars are threaded on to the tie rods
arranged as in the male frames, alternately a bar and a space block so as to fill the
whole length of the tie rods; then at the top of the frame is fixed a plate and at
the other extremity of the frame is arranged a cross bar which is fixed to each of
the bars. Between the bars and the plate at the top of the frame is fixed a band
of india rubber extending beyond the plate for a certain distance.
tie rods will vary according to the dimensions of the frames.
'
The number of
The dye bath or vat is of such form that the bars of the frames when placed
therein are in a vertical position, first a male frame, and then a female, and so on
until the bath is entirely filled, care being taken that each female frame is between
two male frames, and that the male frames rest against the female frames in passing
them to their place below the india rubber plates on the female frames. It will
be understood that if each female frame has been covered by carded fibre by
means of a sliver which is wound around for the required number of times, it
will suffice to press one of the frames upon the other, to produce the alternate
pressing effect upon carded fibre which will give the alternate reserved portions
and the india rubber bands prevents the passage of the dye to the upper parts, but
for this it is indispensible that bars of the male frames correspond exactly to the
bars of the female frames, and herein lies a considerable difficulty which has to be
overcome in practice, and for this purpose of ensuring that the frames are always
properly placed without leaving to the workman the slightest hesitation or trouble
in adjusting them, there is provided at the bottom of the bath trough two
brackets each of which on its upper face is furnished with an incline sloping
inwards and downwards, and in the centre of the vat is arranged a support to act
as a slide, the said slide and inclines extending the whole length of the trough.
The inclines of the brackets force the frames to adjust themselves to a situation,
the proper central position, and the slide on the central support will receive the
ends of studs secured on the frames, the said studs being fixed rigidly on the end
bars of the female frames by means of rivets. The male frames are also provided
with guiding studs. The workman places the frames vertically on the central
support in the vat and the lower studs thereon in the slide groove of said support
when he lowers the groove of a grooved bar hinged upon that side of the vat
against which the pressure will be exerted upon the upper pivots of the frames,
whereby the said frames will be caused to occupy an invariable position in regard
to each other so that the bars thereof will correspond exactly. The studs which
serve a great end for the purpose of adjustment of the frames serve also in the case
of the female frames another purpose, viz., they serve as the axis to these frames for
winding upon them the slivers as well as for the winding off of the said slivers
after the chineeing, and for this purpose an apparatus is constructed as follows:-
There is a suitable framework employed to which is bracketed a shelf on which is
placed the sliver bobbin, and the support of the sliver is carried on the framing
above, and is free to be moved horizontally by means of a screw driven or worked
by a grooved pulley, the tail of the said support sliding upon a cross rod parallel to
the set screw. Extending partly across the framing is a shaft capable of turning
and mounted in suitable bearings on the side of the vat, said shaft carrying a head
or centre piece for purpose of supporting the stud on one side of the female frames,
and the other side of the framing of the apparatus carries a second centre for
holding the stud on the other side of the frame. A winch handle on the cross
shaft turns the frame and a pulley on the shaft of the opposite centre is connected
by pulley and band with the pulley on the set screw, and with it the sliver
support and thus the sliver is drawn by and wound around the frame which is
thus filled with great exactness and regularity.

page_text: The winding may be varied according to the difference between the size of the
pulleys which drive the screw, that is to say, according to the speed at which the
screw is driven.
When the unwinding of a frame has to be effected, the end of the sliver is
carried behind a directing stud placed on a bar and then to a winding wheel which
is rotated by a handle to wind off the sliver.
The operating of the Invention is as follows:-The newly made frames are
steeped in turpentine for about half an hour, in order to take off the resin and are
then washed with oil and placed in an oil bath for about 5 to 6 hours, after which
the female frames are covered with the sliver by the winding apparatus, and then
the frames are placed vertically in the vat so that each female frame is between
two male frames, and each lower stud of the frames is received in the lower guide
of the support and the upper stud in the groove of the hinged bar. When the vat
is thus filled with frames the press plate is advanced by its screw until all the
parts are sufficiently under pressure so that the dye color can only reach the
unpressed parts, then the dye bath is supplied at the bottom of the vat just below
the level of the grooved support.
The dyeing is effected by injection produced by a centrifugal or similar pump,
and all the bars being vertical the injected dye liquor is forced between the spaces
between the bars upon and to the exposed sliver which thus readily receives the
dye and thus a small quantity of dye liquor will suffice and the subjecting of the
frames, as in the old system, to the heated dye liquor, and the dyeing of the frames
is avoided as also is the felting or shrinking of the sliver.
It is essential that the injection of the liquor be effected with regularity upon
the whole exposed surface of the sliver on the frames in the vat, and this result is
obtained by employing a system of stationary or slowly movable injectors.
When it is desired to mordant the material before the dyeing, the mordant is
applied in exactly the same way as has been described for the dye.
The washing of the chineed slivers will be effected either by injection or by
immersion filling up entirely the vat with cold water, and after the first washing a
warm water washing is employed to take off all remaining dye, and finally cold
water is injected to cool the system when the frames will be removed for
unwinding. After which the empty frames are subjected to a bath of chloride of
lime and then washed with soda for future use and the adjacent faces of the bars
will remain unstained.
The chineed slivers are washed with soda and then with warm soap water in
order to set the colors for further treatment. By this washing is avoided the
infiltration of loose dye upon the reserved parts, and a blue white of those parts
may be given by a little violet aniline.
After the slivers have been removed from the frames and have been condensed,
they are supplied by passing them between grooved rollers similar to those of gill
boxes, but having a wider groove.