Improvements in Steam Boilers and Motors by a New Method of Applying Combined Steam, Air, and Gases.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 6th July, 1891-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Boilers and Motors by a New Method of
Applying Combined Steam, Air, and Gases.
We, ALFRED JOHN CAMPION of High Cliff Hotel, Cliftonville, Margate,
Kent, Chemist, and JOHN EDWARD TENISON-WOODS of No. 263 Camberwell
New Road, London, Civil and Chemical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist generally in passing air at a high pressure through a
vessel containing heated petroleum or hydro-carbon fluids in such proportions as to
produce a gas completely combustible in itself alone, which gases are exploded or
fired in a small chamber outside the gas generator. This chamber is connected by
a stout pipe which descends through the side of the boiler through the water to the
bottom of the boiler and the whole of the red hot gaseous products of combustion
which would be vapour of water nitrogen gas and carbonic acid gas are necessarily
blown into the water itself which causes the whole heat created by the combustion
of the air and hydro-carbon vapours or gases to act directly upon the water and
cause its rapid evaporation into steam and the whole heat of the fuel thus employed
is directly utilized without any loss, and the full equivalent evaporation of water
due to the heat units produced by the combustion of the hydro-carbon with the
oxygen of the air is obtained in the form of steam which collects in the steam space
as in ordinary boilers.
In carrying this invention into practice the apparatus will consist of three parts.
The first is cylinder air pump of suitable dimensions to give the necessary quantity
of air per minute required to form a combustible mixture with the hydro-carbon
vapour. The outlet pipe of this air cylinder is carried to the bottom of a closed
vessel containing heated petroleum or fluid hydro-carbon and terminates at the
bottom of the heated petroleum in a check valve inside a fine rose. The latter
causes a more intimate contact between the air and the petroleum. The hydro-
carbon vapour mixed with the exact quantity of air for its complete combustion
passes through a pipe and chamber filled with round copper wires so as to prevent
the flame returning into the petroleum vapour generator (similar to the safety
apparatus used in oxy-hydrogen blow pipes). The gas passes from thence into a
small closed chamber and is there ignited by an electric spark conveyed by two
platinum wires let into the sides of the chamber and hermetically sealed. This
chamber is connected by a stout copper tube with the interior of an upright
cylindrical or spherical boiler and passing down to the bottom of the same and
terminating as in the vapour generating vessel in a check valve inside a fine rose.
This boiler or steam generator is kept three fourths full of water. The pipe
leading from the combustion chamber into the boiler is provided with a weighted
stop valve as above described which will necessarily only open to allow the heated
gases to pass into the water when the pressure in the boiler is less than the
pressure in the combustion chamber and this can be regulated to any desired
pressure.
In starting the apparatus the hydro-carbon chamber part 2 is heated by a con-
venient external fire or flame to what is known as the flashing temperature of the
hydro-carbons contained therein. The air pump is then started and the electric
sparks are at the same time passed through the platinum wires in the combustion
chamber to ignite the mixed vapours and air.
It is obvious that as long as the air pump is kept working and the vapour
generator contains heated fluid hydro-carbons the mixed gases and air will burn in
i continuous stream in the combustion chamber and the red hot gases and vapours

page_text: will be continuously delivered into and through the water in the steam boiler,
part 3.
This steam so created will not only give the expansive force due to its pressure
and temperature in a motor but will be augmented by the clastic force of the
carbonic acid gas due to the combustion of the carbon in the hydro-carbon by the
oxygen of the air used and also the elastic force of the nitrogen gas liberated from
the air by the abstraction of its oxygen which will be for the consumption of every
fourteen pounds of petroleum or other equivalent hydro-carbon by two hundred
and forty pounds of air which gives rise to three hundred and eighty cubic feet of
carbonic acid gas and two thousand seven hundred and thirty six cubic feet of
nitrogen gas at normal temperatures. These gases will be expanded, which means
augmented pressure in the same ratio according to the well known physical law,
namely, one four hundred and sixtieth part of their bulk for each degree of
Fahrenheit temperature above the normal temperature of 60 degrees, for instance
taking the temperature of the steam and gas receptacle at 230 F. degrees which
would make an increase of the expansion or pressure of the gases nearly one third
of their original bulk or in round numbers these gases would be when expanded
about 4000 cubic feet.
Dated this Fourth day of October 1890.
ALFRED JOHN CAMPION.
JOHN EDWARD TENISON-WOODS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Boilers and Motors by a New Method of
Applying Combined Steam, Air, and Gases.
We ALFRED JOHN CAMPION of High Cliff Hotel, Cliftonville, Margate, in
the County of Kent, Chemist, and JonX EDWARD TENISON-WOODS of
16 Eastlake Road, Brixton, London, in the County of Surrey, Metallurgical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our improvements consist generally in passing air at a high pressure through a
vessel containing heated petroleum or hydro-carbon fluids in such proportions as to
produce a gas completely combustible in itself alone, which gases are exploded or
fired in a small chamber outside the gas generator. This chamber is connected by
a stout pipe which descends through the side of the boiler through the water to the
bottom of the boiler and the whole of the red hot gaseous products of combustion,
which would be vapour of water nitrogen gas and carbonic acid gas are necessarily
blown into the water itself, which causes the whole heat created by the combustion
of the air and hydro carbon vapours or gases to act directly upon the water and
cause its rapid evaporation into steam, and the whole heat of the fuel thus employed
is directly utilized without any loss.
In carrying this invention into practice, the apparatus will consist of three
principal parts.
The first is a cylinder air pump of suitable dimensions to give the necessary
quantity of air per minute required to form a combustible mixture with the hydro
Carbon vapour.
The outlet pipe from this air cylinder is carried to the bottom of a closed vessel
containing heated petroleum or fluid hydro-carbon and terminates at the bottom of
the heated petroleum in a check valve inside a fine rose, the latter causes a more
intimate contact between the air and petroleum. The hydro carbon vapour mixed
with the exact quantity of air for its complete combustion passes through a pipe
and chamber which is completely filled with round and parallel lengths of copper
wires so as to prevent the flame returning into the petroleum vapour generator
(similar to the safety apparatus used in oxy-hydrogen blow pipes, which is similar

page_text: in action to the Davy lamp). The gas passes from thence into a small closed
chamber and is there ignited by an electric spark conveyed by two platinum wires
let into the sides of the chamber, and hermetically sealed. This chamber is con-
nected by a stout copper (or other tube) tube with the interior of an upright
cylindrical or spherical boiler, and passing down to the bottom of the same, and
terminating-
-as in the vapour generating vessel-in a check valve inside a fine rose.
The pipe
This boiler, or steam generator is kept three-fourths (*) full of water.
leading from the combustion chamber into the boiler is provided with a weighted
stop valve as above described, which will necessarily only open to allow the heated
gases to pass into the water when the pressure in the boiler is less than the
pressure in the combustion chamber, and this can be regulated to any desired
pressure.
In starting the apparatus, the hydro carbon chamber, called part No. 2, is heated
by a convenient external fire or flame to what is known as the flashing temperature
of the hydro-carbons contained therein. The air pump is then started, and the
electric sparks are at the same time passed through the platinum wires in the
combustion chamber to ignite the mixed vapours and air.
It is obvious that as long as the air pump is kept working and the vapour
generator contains heated fluid hydro-carbons, the mixed gases, and air, will burn
in a continuous stream in the combustion chamber, and the red hot gases, and
vapours, will be continuously delivered into and through the water in the steam
boiler, called part No. 3.
This steam so created will not only give the expansive force due to its pressure
and temperature in a motor, but will be augmented by the elastic force of the
carbonic acid gas due to the combustion of the carbon in the hydro-carbon by the
oxygen of the air used, and also the elastic force of the nitrogen gas liberated from
the air by the abstraction of its oxygen which will be, for the consumption of every
14 lbs. of petroleum by 240 lbs. of air, or other equivalent hydro carbon which
gives rise to 380 cubic feet of carbonic acid gas and 2736 cubic feet of nitrogen gas
at normal temperature.
These gases will be expanded, which means augmented pressure in the same ratio
according to the well known physical law both part of their bulk for each degree
of F. temperature above the normal temperature of 60 degrees, for instance taking
the temperature of the steam and gas receptacle at 230 F. degrees, which would
make an increase of the expansion or pressure of the gases, nearly one third of
their original bulk, or in round numbers these gases would be when expended about
4000 cubic feet.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1. The utilization and combustion of hydro-carbon gases, and conducting the
products of such combustion by the apparatus as described directly into and through
the water to be vapourized substantially as set forth.
2. The utilization of both the gases and the vapourized water as described com-
bined in an ordinary motor or engine, which may be of any form, so as to produce
the whole mechanical effects due to the heat produced by the combustion of the
fuel used.
Cadow of L.... 1901
ALFRED JOHN CAMPION.
JOHN EDWARD TENISON-WOODS.