IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYANT OR LIFE-PRESERVING GARMENTS."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Wentworth Brewster, of Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYANT OR
LIFE-PRESERVING GARMENTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Wentworth Brewster
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1882.
FRANCIS WENTWORTH BREWSTER, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYANT OR LIFE-PRESERVING GARMENTS
"
This Invention relates to improvements in buoyant or life-preserving garinents,
and is especially applicable to the manufacture of aesthetic or other fashions or
forms of garments for ladies' and others' wear as buoyant or life-preserving
garments, it is also applicable to the manufacture of body-fitting garments in
general such as sailors' shirts or other garments as it would be of service to render
buoyant for sailors' and others' general use, so that the wearer if accidentally
immersed shall be kept afloat and preserved from being drowned.
In carrying my Invention into practice, I insert buoyant material (preferably of
the nature hereinafter specified) into the garments by taking advantage of and
closing all folds plaits or puffings or other such ornamental formations as prevailing
fashions or custom present in these garments, inserting a sufficient quantity to
sustain the wearer in the water.
In the manufacture of such a garment for ladies' use, I, according to one modifi-
cation, so fashion the body part as to fit to the figure of the intended wearer, and
of the same or other material, (any material of which garments are usually made)
I form puffings or plaitings or any equivalent thereof at the neck or shoulders or
upper parts, or at the wrists or lower parts, or at the elbows or any intermediate
parts, of the sleeves, of total capacity to receive the buoyant means, which I prefer
should be in the form of carbonized cork or of the ash or cinder of burnt cork,
or of cotton or other wool chemically or otherwise treated so as to render it
buoyant, sufficient in quantity to support the wearer in the water.

page_text: By this means, cause the puffings, plaitings, or other such parts intended for
ornamental effect, also to serve a valuable and useful purpose, and thus cause any
such garment to act as a life-preserving garment in times of emergency.
The buoyant material may be elsewhere adapted as a useful means of orna-
mentation than at the arms, as, in other modifications, I adapt it in plaitings at
the back, horizontally, vertically, or otherwise, or in any equivalent or other means
of enclosure about the body portion of the garment, quilting it also if desired.
Or, I adapt the buoyant material to false breasts or to other ornamental
formations with which such garments may be made, whether detachable or not
thus causing them while enhancing the ornamental appearance also to serve as
buoyant means for the purpose of utility hereinbefore mentioned.
I prefer to adapt the buoyant material to the upper part of the garment, without
confining myself to any particular disposition thereof, which is not essential; it
may be adapted within, or as a lining, or exterior to the garment, so as to preserve
an ordinary ornamental without giving a distorted appearance.
For mens' use, such for example as a sailors' shirt usually made of serge, the
buoyant material would of course be disposed more especially to serve the purpose
of utility hereinbefore mentioned than as a means of ornamentation, and principally
in the overhanging or superfluous fullness of the shirt or garment, or in the
plaitings of a norfolk-jacket, making suitable provision for keeping such parts
down by providing them with button-holes or otherwise, intended for fastening
them to an under garment.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Francis Wentworth Brewster in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th January 1883.
FRANCIS WENTWORTH BREWSTER, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYANT OR LIFE-PRESERVING GARMENTS.
This Invention has reference to certain improvements applicable to body fitting
garments in general, intended for wear by women, men, and children; the improve-
ments having for their purpose of utility the rendering of such garments serviceable
as buoyant or life-preserving garments for securing to the wearer immunity from
sinking in the event of accidental or other immersion in water, without detriment
to the general appearance and suitability of such garments for their ordinary uses.
I am well aware that numerous means of rendering various descriptions of
garments buoyant for life preserving purposes have been heretofore devised, and in
which, cork in its solid form, or air, have been the principal buoyant means
employed but all such garments so far as I am aware have been of some special
make and intended only for special use in cases of emergency such as collisions at
sea or shipwrecks, or when bathing, or when the wearer intends going on or in
the water, as means of security should accident happen; and none of such garments
(excepting those described in the Specification of Letters Patent No 2127/31
granted to me, and dated 16 May A.D. 1881 and which are well known as the
"Kredemnon life saving garments) have been intended or available for general
wear, except in some few instances in which air has been the buoyant means
employed; and in such cases the means of rendering such garments suitable
for the intended use upon the emergency happening, (such as by inflating them
and rendering them buoyant,) have required personal attention at the time of
the danger, when one's presence of mind is more likely to forsake one, than to
allow of one giving the necessary attention, and hence fatality is more likely to
occur with such garments, than the garments are to be of their intended use
when required.
"
In other cases, various chemicals have been combined with garments, such for
example as carbonate of soda, and a separate charge of such an acid as sulphuric
acid, intended for admixture by the wearer of the garment upon the emergency
happening and of causing an inflation of the garment by the evolution of gas
which is of a poisonous nature. Garments thus manufactured have never come
into any general use, as it is most objectionable to have such means about one's
person, and they have only been intended for special use and are not serviceable for
ordinary wear, as for another reason, the distension of the garment would have a
most unsightly effect should the admixture take place at any inconvenient time by
reason of accident or otherwise, and at such times might induce the wearer to
puncture the garment (which would render it useless for its intended purpose and
would endanger his life by the emission of the poisonous gas), in order to escape
from his unwonted appearance. Moreover such garments are only serviceable for
use once.
In other cases, other chemical means or chemically treated means have been
combined with garments, such means being intended for effecting an automatic
but not necessarily immediate full inflation of the garment upon the wearer being
immersed in the water, but in addition to being equally defective with the means
herein before lastly described in respect of being only once usable, such means

page_text: equally with those said means herein before lastly described, take longer to
sufficiently inflate the garment to support the wearer, than an inexperienced
wearer or the majority of wearers would have much chance of waiting for, if
unable in the meantime to support themselves by swimming.
In those garments wherein solid cork has been the means of buoyancy employed
(excepting when used as described in the Specification of my said former Letters
Patent) the bulky nature of the buoyant means, and the amount necessary to use
and the unusual appearance given to the garinent have necessitated that the
garments made or fitted therewith should be of special formation and intended for
special use, and further the great inconvenience attendant upon the wear of such a
weight or solidity of buoyant material, has quite prohibited such garments from
being serviceable or available for general wear.
· Another disadvantage attendant upon all such garments intended for special use,
is that one never expects to require to use them, and hence they are more likely to
be mislaid or useless when wanted, than to be at hand and in serviceable
condition.
Now, as hereinbefore in part indicated, it is one of the special objects of my
resent improvements, to avoid all such disadvantages, and in addition various
others attendant upon the use of all such buoyant garments or appliances, and
means of buoyancy, and to manufacture such body fitting garments (by which
term I exclude all coverings for the head, legs and feet) as it would be of service to
render buoyant, so that there shall be scarcely any, if any, difference from their
ordinary appearance, so that they shall be equally comfortable in wear with a
corresponding ordinary garment, so that in all circumstances they shall be equally
serviceable for ordinary wear as a corresponding ordinary garment, so that they
shall at all times posses the advantage over corresponding ordinary garments. of
being instantly available and serviceable, without needing manipulation of any
kind, as means of securing to the wearer immunity from sinking; and so that
immersion in water shall in nowise affect their serviceability for continued use
when dried, for ordinary wear, and for life-preserving purposes, in fact so long as
the wearer has an inclination to continue their use without replacement in the
ordinary course by new garments.
As it has been hereinbefore partly pointed out, it has been chiefly the disadvan-
tageous selection of the means of buoyancy which has necessitated the making
of such special garments, and which has necessitated such an amount, and such
dispositions, of the means of buoyancy, as have prohibited the serviceability of
such garments for ordinary wear.
I have therefore selected as means of imparting buoyancy to such garments as I
have herein indicated, such means (hereinafter emunerated) as will not quickly
impair by continued use, as will be available for continued re-use, as will not
distort or appreciaby alter the appearance of the garment, as will not interfere with
the freedom of movement of or in any way incommode the wearer, nor with the
comfort of the wear of the garment and which after immersion will simply require
that the garment should be dried for immediate re-use.
Such means as I use, have long been known as possessing highly buoyant
properties, and I lay no claim to them simply as means of obtaining buoyancy, but
prior to the date of my present Letters Patent, such means have never been applied
to or combined with garments as contemplated by my present improvements,
I therefore wish it to be understood that I consider to be a material feature of my
present improvements, the novel and peculiar application to such a special use; and
as herein described, of the following buoyant means, videlicet, of cork or other
kindred resinous substances or of vegetable collulose which has or have been
charred or roasted, or of the soot, ash, or residue of any such substances, which
have been carbonized or subjected to combustion or incineration and whether sub-
jected to treatment in or by any water repellent medium or not, and of what is
known as elastic-cotton, and of elastic-cotton which is also known as elastic. felt.

page_text: I also propose using granulated cork which has been made repellent of water by
immersion in any suitable solutions, and subsequent drying, or by being turned
about and coated with such a water repellent medium as lamp black.
I am aware that some of these materials have previously been used as stuffing
packing or padding for imparting buoyancy to such life saving contrivances as life-
boats, buoys cushions, hammocks, bolsters, mattresses, and other such appliances in
which all that is needed to give the requisite condition of buoyancy is to simply
pack or stuff a sufficient quantity of the material into the article and in which
articles it is not in any way required to devise or provide means for preventing the
tendency of such materials to shift their position or to consolidate together; but
such means as I propose using, (to the exclusion of, and in contradistinction to,
other known buoyant means,) have never yet been adapted as I propose adapting
then to garments available for ordinary wear, for the purpose of rendering them
always as available as life preserving garments ready for any emergency such as
they are intended to provide for; and I claim this novel application of their use us
peculiar to and characteristic of my present improvements.
In order that there may be no misapprehension as to the scope of my present
improvements, I will now describe the state of public knowledge anterior to the
date of my present Letters Patent, as regards the use of such means for imparting
buoyancy to various appliances; and so far as I thus make known the state of
prior knowledge, I hereby disclaim the use and application of such means of
imparting buoyancy, and I confine and limit my claim under my herein before in
part recited Letters Patent to the particular applications of such means as are
herein specified, in every modification of which applications it constitutes, an
essential element that such means of imparting buoyancy should not be used as
a mere packing, stuffing or padding, but should be so applied and combined with
the garments, as that it shall be localized, where of must service, so that any
tendency to shift out of position shall be prevented, by being subdivided into
comparatively small, and numerous independent sections or compartments, and
otherwise so that the conditions herein emunerated shall be fulfilled.
Now, so far as Letters Patent have hitherto been granted for the preparation of
Buch materials, and for their use as means of imparting buoyancy, In the Speci-
fication of Letters Patent of the United States of America granted to Louis
Bauhofer, No 59342, Dated 6 November, A.D. 1866. is described and claimed the
subjecting of shavings or particles of cork to the products of combustion from a
furnace for charring or burning them, for use as a stuffing for mattresses, and the
aromatic fumigation of such carbonized cork. In the specification of the corre-
sponding British Letters Patent granted to John Henry Johnson. No 1077 Dated
30 March A.D. 1868 the same process is described for depriving the cork of its
resinous or gummy matter and converting it from a hard and brittle material into
a soft and elastic substance and rendering it of less liability to absorb moisture
and of enlarged bulk and reduced weight and of. increased buoyancy, and which is
granulated and used as a stuffing material for cushions and life preserving mattresses
and rafts. In the Provisional Specification of Letters Patent. N° 22067 applied for
by John Stewart on the 25th June A.D. 1873 is also described the roasting or
thorough burning of cork either ground or unground for rendering it more durable,
and of greater buoyancy and imperviousness to water, and its application as a filling
of several inches thickness, breadth, and length for waterproof bags, for a special
construction of life buoy or belt; or simply as a filling in larger buoys. In the
Specification of Letters Patent of the United States of America granted to Adolph
Traub No 163422. Dated 18 May A.D. 1875. is described the application of roasted
cork as a filling for a special construction of life preserver intended for use when.
necessary by throwing it over the head and buckling it around the body. In the
Specification of British Letters Patent granted to William Robert Lake No 182990
Dated 4. May A.D. 1880. and in the Specification of the corresponding Letters Patent.
of the United States of America, granted to Joseph G. Hill No 227,779 Dated.

page_text: 18. May. A.D. 1880, is described the application to life saving inattresses, lifeboats,
buoys, beacons, and the like, of a buoyant filling of an article of commerce known
as lampblack (needing no special manipulation) but used under a certain condition
of compactness to obtain the highest degree of buoyancy, while being repellent of
water, and prior to the dates of which Letters Patent the use of lamp-black as a
packing was known. In the Specification of British Letters Patent granted to
George Gordon de Luna Byron. No 469781 Dated. 27. October A.D. 1881 is described
the treatment of cotton by the agency of superheated steam and certain chemical
solutions, and its subsequent drying for rendering it permanently soft and elastic,
and its application is referred to as a stuffing for beds, cushions, padding, and
general upholstery. In the Provisional Specification of Letters Patent. N° 543481
applied for by the said George Gordon de Luna Byron on the 13th December A.D.
1881. is described the application of such elastic cotton as a stuffing or filling for life
preserving mattresses and rafts: In the Provisional Specification of Letters Patents
granted to Don Pastor Perez de la Sala N° 2000s dated 27th April. A.D. 1882. his
Invention is described as consisting in utilizing certain varieties of carbon in the
manufacture of buoyant contrivances, this utilization being subsequently defined as
of the fumes from the imperfect combustion of hydrocarbons or from the produce of
the destructive distillation or carbonization of vegetable matter giving preference
to "that" (those?) resulting from the combustion of suberine (the chemical
definition of which is the insoluble matter left after rasped cork has been digested
in water and alcohol) as a material, subsequently termed "carbonized suberine" for
stuffing or padding life saving and other appliances. In the Final Specification of
such Letters Patent, the "carbonized suberine" is defined not as the fumes from
the produce resulting from the combustion of suberine, or as the fumes resulting
from the combustion thereof, but as the solid residual product of such combustion,
and is stated to be impervious to water, and of greatly modified specific gravity,
and such "carbonized suberine" is further stated to be simply any kind of burned
cork. In this Specification is also claimed the stuffing or padding with such
carbonaceous substances or products of combustion or with analogous products of
combustion such as soot or vegetable or lamp-blacks of every description of life
saving appliances, such as buoys, cushions, belts, hammocks, bolsters, mattresses,
military accoutrements, and wearing apparel, and also the stuffing of boxes or other
receptacles to give buoyant and life saving conditions to boats, rafts, pontoons or
any other kind of floating contrivance.
As regards the preparation of the substance called "carbonized suberine," and
"suberine charcoal" and its utilization, or of lamp-black, or other such light
carbonaceous substances, as mere stuffings or paddings for the purposes emunerated,
it will, from the foregoing references, at once be seen that there is no novelty
whatever disclosed in the Specification of the said Letters Patent N° 2000 and
that such Specification constitutes but a mere recapitulation of the prior state of
public knowledge.
The reference in the said Claim of the said Don Pastor Perez de la Sala to
wearing apparel, is an improper inclusion of matter to which the said Don Pastor
Perez de la Sala is in no way entitled. Upon the Sealing of my hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent, I opposed the Sealing of the said Letters Patent
No 2000 to the said Don Pastor Perez de la Sala, on the ground that I had reason
to believe that he was seeking to include in such Letters Patent the subject matter
of the present improvements under Letters Patent already sealed to me; but upon the
comparison of the respective Provisional Specifications the Lord Chancellor allowed
the said Letters Patent to be sealed to the said Don Pastor Perez de la Sala as he
held that the respective inventions were distinct, and that there was not included in
the Provisional Specification of the said Don Pastor Perez de la Sala the Invention
for which Letters Patent had already been Sealed to me and herein described.
Notwithstanding, which, however; the said Don Pastor Perez de la Sala has 5
improperly included in his Final Specification filed in pursuance of the conditions

page_text: of his said Letters Patent-a claim to the subject matter of my present improvements.
The said reference however is necessarily void, and the said Don Pastor Perez de la
Sala fails to describe any way in which the said buoyant means could be applied to
wearing apparel. In the Specification of Letters Patent N° 2588% dated 1 June
A.D. 1882 there is described a special formation of an entire outer combination
garment, of a nature not contemplated by my present improvements, to which
amongst other buoyant means, the ash cinder or soot or carbonized residue of cork,
wood, or other buoyant means may be applied.
The special advantages attendant upon the use of such buoyant means as I propose
using, are that they are super-eminently applicable for the special purpose to
which I apply them, the light weight, the pliancy, elasticity, and softness
of their nature, their non liability to become solidified or matted without
exceptional treatment, or to be rendered useless by the puncture or wearing of the
garment, that they serve as specially applicable means of utility to such forinations
of articles of attire as have hitherto only had an ornamental effect, and this
application of such buoyant means as one feature of my Invention I believe to be
entirely novel without regard to the particular formation of the parts to which the
buoyant means is to be applied, and the application of such materials as herein
described to garments as articles having a constant requirement of ever varying
pliability and flexibility is also an entirely novel feature.
I find it to be of material advantage to use those of such buoyant means as are
repellent of water or has have been rendered repellent of water by any such means
as are herein referred to, or by other known means; and a special advantage in the
use of all such buoyant means as are repellent of water is that they do not require
any special waterproof means of enclosure, as they are impermeable to water and
do not upon immersion lose their buoyant properties to any detrimental extent, and
this greatly facilitates their application to their intended use. I do not however
restrict myself from using waterproof envelopes or means of enclosure for the
buoyant means as in some modifications of their use this might be required or
advantageous. principally mention this because I do not wish it to be lost sight
of that it is, with the limitations herein mentioned, to the rendering buoyant of
garments intended or suitable for ordinary wear, so that they shall also be
available as life saving garments upon emergency;-and not to the preparation of
the buoyant ineans or to the making of special garments for use only upon the
emergency happening, that my invention has reference.
Having thus referred to the nature and scope of my present improvements, I will
now proceed to describe more in detail various ways in which I carry the said
characteristic feature of my present improvements into practical effect in order to
attain the specified advantages amongst others which are attendant upon the
present improvements.
In certain modifications, I attain the desired object by taking advantage of all or
any folds, plaits, or puffings, or other such ornamental formations as prevailing
fashions or custom present in the garments, inserting into such folds, plaits,
puffings, or other ornamental formations where they are individually of com-
paratively small size or capacity, correspondingly conformed envelopes or cases
containing the buoyant means. When using such buoyant means as the elastic
cotton, these envelopes or casings are not required, and the buoyant means Day
be directly introduced into the said folds, plaits, or puffings or other means of
enclosure.
In those of such modifications wherein the total quantity of buoyant means
which could thus be applied to the garment would not be sufficient to secure to the
wearer immunity from sinking in the event of immersion, I add in additional
internal or external formations preferably about the upper portion of the garment
a quantity of the buoyant means sufficient to attain this effect.
The special novelty in such an application of these means of buoyancy, is that
without detriment to the ornamental or desired appearance of any garment

page_text: intended for any ordinary wear, I cause the puffings, plaitings, or other formations
ordinarily intended only for ornamental effect, also to serve a valuable and useful
purpose, and which, converting the garment into a self-acting life-preserving
garment in any emergency of immersion of the wearer in water, would ensure a
feeling of confidence in the wearer at all times, so that many, who, from natural
timidity, are now unwilling to venture on or near the water even for the benefit of
their health, would be without any reason for such fear. The insertion of the
buoyant means in such ornamental formations serves the further purpose of
enhancing and preserving the desired ornamental appearance of the garment, as
such formations have thus an interior support and are rendered less liable to
become crushed, or flimsy, or to lose their desired appearance.
The body or desired plain part of the garment would be fashioned as ordinarily
to fit to the figure of the intended wearer, or otherwise as desired, and of the same
or other material (any material of which garments are usually made) I form
puffings or plaitings or other equivalent or ornamental formations, either at or
around or about the part of the garment surrounding the neck; or at or about
the shoulders or upper parts, or at the wrists or lower parts, or at the elbows or
any intermediate parts or at all or any of the parts combined of total capacity
to receive sufficient of the said buoyant means to obtain the object in view.
In other of such modifications, the said buoyant means may be elsewhere adapted
as a useful means of ornamentation than at or about the neck part, or arms;-by
adapting it in plaitings at the back or front horizontally, vertically or otherwise,
or in any equivalent or other means of enclosure such as in the place of existing
non buoyant paddings about the body portion of the garment, according to the
fashion and make of the garment worn.
In other of such modifications, the false pockets adapted to such articles of attire
as jackets may have an interior quilted or other envelope containing the buoyant
means, and false breasts worn by many to improve the figure, may be similarly
fitted, and so may any other ornamental formations with which any such garments
may be made.
And such articles of under clothing as stays may be made together
with such false breasts kept to any desired contour, by such enclosed buoyant
means.
In other modifications, I adapt the said buoyant means as a lining to the body
portion of the garment or to such other portion thereof as it would be of advantage
or service to render buoyant, and as would ensure a proper position to the wearer
upon immersion, in all cases applying the greater quantity if not all of the buoyant
means to the upper portion of the garment.
In such modifications, the objects hereinbefore referred to of localizing the
buoyant means, and of preventing any tendency to shift its position, and of
enclosing it in comparatively small sections in order to ensure an even distribution
about the garment of a sufficient quantity of the buoyant means to attain the
object in view, are best and most easily obtained by quilting a layer of the buoyant
means between two fabrics: The buoyant lining or means of buoyancy may be
thus independently made in the piece, and the lining of the formation required
may be cut in the usual manner therefrom and combined in the usual manner with
the garment; this is a mere matter however of facility of manufacture.
I do not confine myself to this method of attaining my said object neither do I
confine myself to any particular disposition of the buoyant means exterior to the
garment, which is in nowise essential, neither in adapting it within or as a lining
to the garment do I confine myself to any particular disposition thereof: thus, in
the making of linings for any garments the buoyant means may be adapted to and
located at only parts thereof, in lieu of being evenly distributed all over, or may be
adapted more at some parts than at others to correct inequalities of the form, or to
give any required outward formation. Or a buoyant fabric made with such
means of buoyancy quilted or secured between two surfaces may be made up
directly into a garment, and the enclosing fabrics may be of different kinds, one

page_text: serviceable as the outside of the garment, the other as the lining.—the distin-
guishing feature as regards the application of the buoyant means to garments is
that it shall be so effected as to preserve to the garment an ordinary ornamental
without giving a distorted appearance; and in order that this feature of my
Invention may be thoroughly understood, I have appended hereunto various drawings
explanatory of some of the applications of my present improvements.
Figs; 1 and 2 represent a body part of a lady's dress, ornamented with a series
of horizontal and vertical folds or columns, 1. and with a surrounding border 2,
and with guaging at 3, and all of which ornamental parts enclose the said buoyant
means. The parts 1, 3, are made and applied as such parts usually are, except that
the buoyant means is enclosed between the fabric: The broad boarder 2, may be
made of a quilted piece enclosing the buoyant means, and overlaid with silk or
other fabric. Fig; 3, shows another body part, in the ornamental parts 4, 5, and 6
of which the buoyant means is enclosed. Fig 4 represents an aesthetic sleeve
corsage to the puffings 7 at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist, of which the buoyant
means is adapted, in correspondingly shaped inner envelopes, this Figure at 11. also
shows a section of a false breast having small receptacles filled with the buoyant
means. Fig; 5. represents a norfolk jacket within the folds 8, of which, quilted
buoyant pads are adapted. Fig 6, represents the inner side of an overcoat, the left
hand half illustrating the application of a quilted lining 9 enclosing the said
buoyant means, and the right hand half shows small pads 10 made by quilting the
buoyant means between two fabrics, and uniting the pads in a flexible manner by
eyelets, after the manner described in the Specification of my said Letters Patent
No 212781 Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a very suitable arrangement of the buoyant
means in rows stitched across, and which may be adapted as a lining or as an
exterior ornamentation to various garments.
It will of course be understood that these views are not intended to illustrate
any garments new in themselves, but are merely indicative of some of the very
numerous applications of which my present improvements are susceptible, and they
as plainly indicate the character of the Invention as any greater number of
illustrations would do.
The said buoyant means as thus adapted to garments may be confined in
independent and flexibly connected receptacles after the manner of the flexibly
connected corks illustrated in the drawings annexed to the Specification of my
said Letters Patent No 21271 and also in any variations of the ways shown in
Figs 3 to 6. of the drawings annexed to the Specification of said Letters Patent
No 2588, or otherwise to comply with the conditions herein set out.
said Figs. Figs 3. 4 and 6, show means of completely isolating small sections of the
buoyant means, and Fig 5 shows a means of restraining its tendency to shift.
Of these
In
For men's use, the buoyant means is disposed more especially to serve the
purpose of utility hereinbefore mentioned than as a means of ornamentation.
adapting the buoyant means to a sailor's shirt usually made of serge, the buoyant
means may be adapted within the same after the manner shown in Figs 7 and 8. or
in the overhanging or superfluous fulness of the shirt or garment, suitable provision
being made if required for keeping such parts down by providing the same with
any suitable means for fastening them to an under garment.
Having now fully described the nature and object of my said Invention together
with the means of carrying the same into practical effect I would remark in
conclusion that I neither claim the preparation of any of the said buoyant means
as new, nor their mere application as a buoyant packing stuffing or padding to
such articles as hereinbefore referred to as they have previously been applied, but
what I do claim to be new and as the improvements secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
The application of the various buoyant means hereinbefore referred to, to body
fitting garments in general, for women's men's and children's use, in such
manner, as herein before described, as that the garments shall be in every way

page_text: available and suitable for ordinary wear, and as always available self acting, means
of securing to the wearer immunity from sinking and being drowned.
In Witness whereof I the said Francis Wentworth Brewster, have hereunto
set my hand and Seal this 25th day of January in the year of our Lord,
one thousand, eight hundred, and eighty three.
Witness.
CHARLES AUBREY DAY,
Patent Agent
321, High Holborn. W.C.
FW BREWSTER (L.S.)