IMPROVEMENTS IN STRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STEAK BOILERS, AND IN THEIR FURNACES GRATES, AND FLUES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Arthur Paget, Civil and Mechanical
Engineer, of 1, Seymour Chambers, York Buildings, Adelphi,
W.C., London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STEAK BOILERS, AND IN THEIR FURNACES
GRATES, AND FLUES."-A communication from abroad by Franz Morth,
of Vienna, Austria.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Arthur Paget
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th January 1869.
I, FREDERICK ARTHUR PAGET, Civil and Mechanical Engineer,
of 1, Seymour Chambers, York Buildings, Adelphi, W.C., London, do
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STEAK BOILERS, AND IN THEIR FURNACES,
GRATES, AND FLUES"-A communication from abroad by Franz Morth,
of Vienna, Austria,) to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction
and arrangement of steam boilers and their furnaces, grates, and flues;

page_text: it is also applicable to old boilers. Above and below the main
horizontal boiler, and by preference parallel and in the same vertical
plane, are set up two other boilers, preferably of a diameter less than that
of the main intermediate boiler. This central boiler is that in which
the steam is principally formed and whence it makes its way up into
the boiler above, where it is collected and superheated. The feed water
is forced into the lower boiler, whence it passes into the central or main
boiler. The water thus partly fills the main boiler and entirely the
bottom boiler. The fire gases, as they leave the furnace, are conducted
between the central and the bottom boiler, and thence out at the end
up and all round the steam collector or superheater, preferably through
a split flue, at the front end of which they are conducted into the
chimney. A portion of the upper part of the length of the central
boiler is so enclosed in brickwork that though the fire gases can enter
the enclosed space the through draught has not access to it directly.
The grate is formed of a number of bars preferably of cast iron of a
peculiar shape. Each bar is cast with serrations separated by a narrow
rib in the centre of the bar. Two, three, or more bars of this shape
are rivetted together, and being kept apart from each other by distance
pieces longitudinal openings communicating with the transverse serra-
tions are thus formed. In order to facilitate the upward passage of the air
the serrations are tapered from the bottom. The surface of the grate
is divided longitudinally into two equal portions by means of a brickwork
partition which tapers from the front of the fire down towards the
fire bridge. On account of this partition two fire-doors are employed;
the frames of these doors are formed in two parts, bolted together
and to the dead plate of the furnace. The top of the fire bridge is not
shaped either to the transverse or longitudinal contour of the boiler,
but is made horizontal transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boiler
and is shaped to an incline towards the grate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Arthur Paget in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
ARTHUR PAGET, Civil and Mechanical Engineer. of 1, Seymour
Chambers, York Buildings, Adelphi, W.C., London, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the 20th day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, Her special
licence that I, the said Frederick Arthur l'aget, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick, Arthur
Paget, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM BOILERS,
AND IN THEIR FURNACES, GRATES, AND FLUES," a communication to me from
abroad uy Franz Morth, of Vienna, Austria, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, do horoby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction
and arrangement of steam boilers and their furnaces, grates and flues;
it is also applicable to old boilers. Above and below the main horizontal
boiler, and by preference parallel and in the same vertical plane, are set
up two other boilers, preferably of a diameter less than that of the main
intermediate boiler. This central boiler is that in which the steam is
principally formed and whence it makes its way up into the boiler above,
where it is collected and superheated. The feed water is forced into the
lower boiler, whence it passes into the central or main boiler. The
water thus partly fills the main boiler and entirely the bottom boiler.
The fire gases, as they leave the furnace, are conducted between the
central and the bottom boiler, and thence out at the end, up and all

page_text: round the steam collector or superheater, preferably through a split flue,
at the front end of which they are conducted into the chimney. A
portion of the upper part of the length of the central boiler is so
enclosed in the brickwork that though the fire gases can enter the
enclosed space the through draught has no access to it. The grate is
formed of a number of bars, preferably of cast iron of a peculiar shape.
Each bar is cast with serrations separated by a narrow rib in the centre
of the bar. Two, three, or more bars of this shape are rivetted together,
and being kept apart from each other by distance pieces longitudinal
openings communicating with the transverse serrations are thus formed.
In order to facilitate the upward passage of the air the serrations are
tapered from the bottom. The surface of the grate is divided longitu-
dinally into two equal portions by means of a brickwork partition which
tapers from the front of the fire down towards the fire bridge. On
account of this partition two fire-doors are employed. The frames of
these doors are formed in two parts bolted together and to the dead
plate of the furnace. The top of the fire bridge is not shaped either to
the transverse or longitudinal contour of the boiler, but is made
horizontal transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boiler, and is
shaped to an incline towards the grate.
Having thus set forth the nature of the Invention, I will now proceed
to describe, with reference to Drawings, in what manner it
carried into effect:-
may be
The arrangement of boilers preferred for new constructions is shewn
in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet A, of the Drawings, and slightly modified in
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet B. The steam generator in its entirety consists
of three boilers, a large one in a central position acting more especially
as a steam producer, and two others, preferably of a smaller size, into
the lower one of which the water is supplied, while the steam is
collected and dried in the upper onc. This triple set of boilers therefore
consists of a main steam producer, a feed water heater, and a steam
collector or superheater connected and working together.
In Sheets A and B of the Drawings, the steam producer is denoted
by the letter a, the feed water heater by the letter b, and the steam
collector by the letter c. The feed water heating boiler is preferably
supplied with water at the end near the furnace, whilst its man-hole for
cleaning is fitted at its other end. Ordinary boilers can be adapted to
this system. In the case of the boiler made with two internal flues, the

page_text: two internal flues can be adapted, the one as the feed water heater in my
system, and the other as the steam collector, similarly with the boiler
often termed in England the "French" boiler, which is built with one
or two water tubes below the main boiler. In the latter case one of the
tubes can be employed as my feed water heater, and the other as the
steam collector. In building in a set of new boilers or in adapting as far
as possible old boilers to my system, I arrange the furnace in such wise
as to diffuse the direct flame of the fire over as large a surface as
possible. The fire gases are thus allowed to stream along the entire
length of the steam producer at its bottom part and all round the feed
water heater, at the end of which they escape upwards. In Figures 1
and 2, Sheet A, the current of fire gases is conducted along the steam
collector on its way to the chimney; in Figures 3 and 4 the current is
led away at the back end of the steam producer. It will be seen that
the gases from the fire have at once access to almost the whole longi-
tudinal boiler surface, by which portions of the boiler are fired by means
of what I term "stagnating heat," spaces being formed free from
draught but open to the fire gases. How this is done may be clearly
seen in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet A, and Figures 3 and 4, Sheet B. In
Figures 1 and 2 the upper part of the steam producer is partitioned off
from the draught for the greater part of its length from the furnace; in
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet B, this partition serves for both the upper part of
the steam producer and the entirety of the steam collector or drier. 1
may employ a kind of partition formed of fire-bricks as indicated,
dividing the grate longitudinally into two equal parts, each of which is
stoked through a separate door. This longitudinal partition, which I
term "a fire tongue," is shown by itself in Figures 5 and 6, and as applied
on the grate of a furnace in Figures 7 and 8 of Sheet C, being denoted
by the letter f. It slopes downwards towards the fire bridge, and is also
preferably curved on its top edge so as to allow the flames to alternately
pass from one division of the grate to the other, the main object of this
fire tongue being to allow of the mode of firing well known by the term
of "alternate firing." I prefer to form the top of the fire bridge
horizontal in the direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the
boiler, and shaped to an incline towards the grate. The frames of the
fire-doors consist of an upper and a lower portion, bolted together and
to the dead plate of the grate. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the alteration
of an ordinary boiler furnace into one on my plan. Figure 9 represents
a steam boiler furnace on the 'old system with side flues and partition

page_text: walls t, t, and with the fire-bridge curved, as is now usual, concentrically
with the bottom of the boiler. Figure 8 shews the furnace according to
my improvements, the walls t, t, being removed and the fire bridge u
made horizontal.
Figure 11, on Sheet C, is a side elevation, Figure 12 a cross section,
and Figure 13 a plan of the form of compound fire-bar which form
the grate I employ by preference when burning small coal. Each of
these compound fire-bars consists of two, three, or more bars cast with
serrations separated by a narrow rib running longitudinally along the
centre of the bar. The bars forming each set are rivetted together by
rivets passing through distance pieces cast on each bar. In order to
facilitate the upward passage of the air, the transverse serrations are
tapered from the bottom, and clear passages are cast below through each
bar.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, have
beretofore set my hand and seal this 10th day of Tule