IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SANOSTER, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Umbrella and
Parasol Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of February,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the eleventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Sangster, my exors, adñññors, and assigns, Her especial license,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Sangster,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Sangster, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others; from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that I, the said William Sangster, should cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Sangster, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists―
First, of combining fabrics, consisting more or less of alpaca or other wool or
mohair, with suitable frames for umbrellas and parasols, thus producing a new
manufacture of umbrellas and parasols.
Secondly, my Invention consists of an improvement in the manufacture of
lined parasols.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
And in respect to the first part of my Invention, I would state that I prefer
to use fabrics which are made by means of a cotton warp and alpaca wool
weft. It is well known that within the last few years alpaca fabrics made by
combining of cotton warp and alpaca weft have been largely manufactured.
I do not, therefore, make any claim to the weaving of such fabrics as have here-
tofore been manufactured, when to be used in carrying out my Invention;
whether alpaca or other wool or hair be used in the fabrics employed. The
fabrics made by weaving with cotton warp and alpaca or other wool or mohair
weft, when for the purposes of this my Invention, are to have the projecting fibres,
burned or singed off; as is well understood. I have the fabrics woven close
and of fine warp and weft; and for this purpose the fabrics I have used have
consisted of about eighty cotton warps to an inch, and about one hundred and
ten wefts to the inch; but this may be varied according to the fabrics desired
by the manufacturer; and I prefer, in place of using plain fabrics, such as have
heretofore been woven, to have them woven with stripes or other ornamental
borders, in like manner to what silk fabrics have been heretofore made, when
for umbrellas and parasols. And in making such ornamental borders, I have
used silk warp to such extent as the ornamental part may require; and to save
waste of fabrics in cutting them into covers, I usually have them woven
twenty-two, twenty-four, and twenty-six inches in width, which correspond
with the widths of other fabrics heretofore used in making umbrellas; and for
parasols I have the fabrics made either sixteen, or eighteen, or thirty-eight
inches wide, which will be found convenient for cutting up into covers for the
different sizes of parasols. The fabrics thus woven are to be cut up and
formed into covers to fit umbrella and parasol frames, and they are to be
combined therewith in like manner to what has heretofore been the case when
silk or other fabrics have been used as the covering materials, and as is well.

page_text: understood. In place of alpaca wool other wool or mohair may be employed,
but I believe not so advantageously as alpaca wool; and in place of cotton as
warp being used, yarns of other fibres may be employed, but I believe cotton
warp to be the best. I would in conclusion remark, that by the introduction
of this part of my Invention, a manufacture of umbrellas and parasols wiH
result of a very elegant character, equal in many respects with silk in appear-
ance, more durable, and much less costly in price.
The second part of my Invention has for its object the improvement of the
manufacture of that class of parasols where linings of a different color to the
external covering fabric are used. Heretofore, in making such class of parasols,
it has been usual to apply the linings by hand. Now, according to this part
of my Invention, I cause the lining fabrics of different colors to those used
externally to be first caused to adhere, so as to produce a compound fabric,
and then to make up parasols as if a single fabric were being used. For this
purpose I cause two fabrics of different colors to be cemented together. by
means of india rubber or other flexible cement, in like manner to what are
known as Macintosh fabrics; but according to my Invention it is not essential
that the cement should be waterproof, so long as it is sufficiently flexible, to,
which process of cementing fabrics together I make no claim. The fabrics,
each composed of two surfaces of different colors, one suitable for the lining
and the other for the exterior surface, are to be cut up and formed into
coverings for, and they are to be combined with, suitable frames of parasols in
like manner to when single fabrics have heretofore been used and is well
understood.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what I
claim is,-
First, the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols by combining fabrics, con-
sisting more or less of alpaca or other wool or mohair, with suitable frames for
umbrellas and parasols.
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of lined parasols by first causing two
fabrics of different colors to be cemented together, and then forming them into
covers and combining them with suitable parasol frames.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Sangster, have hereunto sot
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
WILLIAM (L.s.) SANGSTER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid William Sangster came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eighth day of August. in the year of our Lord One