IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER STEERING GEAR FOR SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM AND OTHER STEERING GEAR FOR SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1879.
GUSTAV ALBRECHT CARL BREMME, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER STEERING GEAR FOR
SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE
POWER ENGINES."
My Invention has for its object,-
First. To simplify and render more reliable the action of gear or appliances for
steering or directing the motion of ships and navigable vessels, both when actuated
by fluid pressure or by hand; and second, to simplify and render effective the
reversing gear and valves of motive power engines for operating steering gear or
appliances, or for actuating motive power engines generally.
Under the first part I construct apparatus or appliances for giving reversing gear
the requisite motions for admitting steam or elastic fluid to and cutting it off from
the cylinder or cylinders of motive power engines employed to operate steering
gear in one of the following novel manners:-
(a.) I provide with a sliding block a shaft caused to rotate by the engine, and
adapt such sliding block to receive a motion of translation along the said shaft by
means of a screw and hand wheel. The said shaft carries around with it during
rotation the said sliding block, and screws it back again to the position occupied
before it was moved along the shaft by the action of the screw and hand wheel.
The reversing gear for the engine is connected to the said sliding block, and the
engine is caused to move in one direction or the other, or remain at rest, according
to the position of the sliding block on the shaft.
(b.) I attach to a shaft receiving rotary motion from the engine a disc having a
spiral thread or scroll formed on its face, and I mount on the same or another shaft
a similar disc free to rotate with its face opposite to the face of the first mentioned
disc or nearly so. Between the two discs I place a pinion, which gears into the

page_text: threads of both discs. The said pinion is so held by suitable bearings and connec-
tions that it can turn freely on its axis. The rotation of the loose or fixed disc
causes the pinion to rotate on its axis and roll along the face of the loose or fixed
disc, so as to approach or receed from the centre of such discs. The reversing gear
of the engine or engines is or are attached to or connected with the said pinions,
and the action of the engine is so arranged that any motion of the loose disc,
which causes the pinion to receed from or approach the centre of such disc, is com-
pensated for by the motion of the disc fixed to the engine shaft, which gives motion
to the pinion in the contrary direction.
Under the second part I arrange stearing gear to be worked by hand or power in
the following novel manner :-I mount the chain barrel carrying the rudder chains
between two standards in suitable bearings, the whole being supported by a bed
plate; a large spur wheel attached to the said chain barrel gears into a pinion
secured to a counter shaft placed below and parallel to the said barrel. On the
counter shaft a worm wheel is mounted, which gears into a worm or screw on a
crank shaft, which is placed at right angles, or nearly so, to the said counter shaft,
and is driven by an engine or engines fitted horizontally below the barrel and
between the said standards. On one or both of the projecting ends of the barrel
shaft, a handwheel or hand wheels, and pinion or pinions is or are mounted, so as to
be capable of turning freely. The said pinion or pinions gear with a spur wheel or
spur wheels on the counter shaft. The worm wheel and spur wheel or wheels on
the counter shaft are provided with suitable clutches or equivalent means, whereby
they can be thrown into or out of gear, so as to allow of the chain barrel being
operated by the engine or engines above mentioned or by hand. The above arrange-
inent of gear allows of the rudder chains being led away from below the barrel, thus
bringing the said chains nearer the deck, and preventing strains tending to injure
the said deck; it also allows of the apparatus being made very compact, whereby
a great saving of space is effected.
If hand steering is not desirable the counter shaft may be dispensed with, and
the worm or screw on the crank shaft arranged to gear directly with the wheel on
the barrel shaft.
Under the third head, in order to obtain a straight lead for the rudder chain, I
construct the barrel of such diameter that the whole length of the said chain neces-
sary to give any desired motion to the rudder may be wound on the said barrel in
one turn or part of a turn, and I form, fit, or provide the said barrel with an internal
toothed wheel, and give motion thereto by a pinion or pinions operated by power or
hand in any usual or desired manner.
Under the third head, steering appliances for hand, or power, or both combined,
are operated by screw gear constructed in the following novel manners:-
(a.) A nut free to turn and receiving motion from any convenient source of power
gives a longitudinal motion to a screw passing through the said nut, and prevented
from turning on its axis in any convenient way.
The rudder chains are attached to each end of the said screw, either directly,
when only a short motion of the chain is required, or are passed around a pulley or
pulleys on the ends thereof, when a greater motion is required. Instead of motion
being given to the screw, motion may be given to the nut, or more than one screw
or nut may be employed.
The said screw & nut, or screws & nuts, may be placed in the centre of the deck
and transversely thereto, or they may be placed at the sides of the deck. longitudi-
nally, and be operated by a shaft passing across the deck.
When the said screw and nut or screws and nuts are placed transversely, the tiller
may be connected directly to such screw or nut, or screws or nuts; in this way a
long leverage is obtained, and wear and tear of the moving parts reduced.
Under the fourth head I construct apparatus for preventing undue strain upon
the rudder post in the following manner:-
(a.) A cut off slide, or similar valve is so attached by gearing to some portion of
the steering gear moving in concert with the rudder that steam will be cut off from

page_text: the engines so soon as the rudder has been moved a certain distance, say, nearly
hard over, independent of any action of the ordinary steering gear controlled by the
steersman.
(b.) Instead of using the ordinary clutch or means of connecting the power wheel
or pinion to its shaft, I secure to the said power wheel or pinion a spur wheel of
suitable size, both being free to revolve on their carrying axle or shaft. I also secure
to the said shaft a second spur wheel close to and in preference of the same diameter
as the loose spur wheel. A third wheel or pinion free to slide on a shaft or in
bearings gears with the two spur wheels above mentioned, or with one of them if
desired.
The said third wheel or pinion is mounted on an axle, which is held in position
by weights or springs, and is free to receed from the said spur wheels should the
tangential pressure upon the teeth of the fixed and loose wheel become excessive.
The third wheel is then forced out of gear, and the strain on the rudder post relieved.
Instead of sliding the third wheel or pinion into and out of gear, it may be moved
into and out of gear by means of a rocking shaft.
Under the fifth head, I construct as follows reversing gear for motive power
engines, having a slide valve or slide valves of any ordinary or desired construction,
and used for operating the steering appliances above mentioned, or other steering
appliances, and applicable for other purposes.
(a.) I connect the valve rod to rod receiving motion from an excentric or crank
actuated by the engine. The said excentric or crank rod is placed at right angles,
or nearly so, to the direction of motion of the valve. The said excentric or crank
rod at or near its point of connection to the valve rod is controlled in its motion by
a piu or guide. The said pin or guide is adjustable in such manner that the direc-
tion of motion given to the end of the said excentric or crank rod may be at right
angles, or nearly so, or at more or less acute angles to the direction of motion of
the valve.
The position or motion of the said pin or guide is adjusted by hand and by gearing
connected with any convenient moving portion of the engine, preferably by the
gearing described under the first head.
(b.) I connect the end of the valve rod to a lever placed at right angles, or nearly
so, and connect two other points in the said lever to two excentric rods or equivalent
mechanism. One of the excentric rods receives a fixed motion from the crank shaft
or any desired rotating shaft of the engine. The other excentric rod or its equiva-
lent has a motion which is adjustable by hand or by gear receiving motion from the
engine in such manner that the slide valve may be made to admit steam or elastic
fluid to the engine at any desired time, or close the passage to the cylinder
entirely.
Under the sixth head, I construct valves for use in steering or other engines
of cylindrical or disc shape, and from ports or passages around the edge or cylin-
drical face in such manner that the reciprocation or rotation of the said valves
shall admit and cut off steam or elastic fluid from the cylinder at the required and
proper time.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd November 1879.
GUSTAV ALBRECHT CARL BREMME, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER STEERING GEAR FOR
SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE
POWER ENGINES."
My Invention has for its object, first, to simplify and render more reliable the
action of gear or appliances for steering or directing the motion of ships and
navigable vessels, both when actuated by fluid pressure or by hand; and, second, to
simplify and render effective the reversing gear and valves of motive power engines
for operating steering gear or appliances, or for actuating motive power engines
generally.
Under the first part I construct apparatus or appliances for giving reversing gear
the requisite motions for admitting steam or elastic fluid to, and cutting it off from
the cylinder or cylinders of motive power engines employed to operate steering gear
in one of the following novel manners :-
(a.) I provide with a sliding block a shaft caused to rotate by the engine, and
adapt such sliding block to receive a motion of translation along the said shaft by
means of a screw and hand wheel. The said shaft carries around with it during
rotation the said sliding block, and screws it back again to the position occupied
before it was moved along the shaft by the action of the screw and hand wheel.
The reversing gear for the engine is connected to the said sliding block, and the
engine is caused to move in one direction or the other or remain at rest, according
to the position of the sliding block on the shaft.
(b.) I attach to a shaft receiving rotary motion from the engine a disc having a
spiral thread or scroll formed on its face, and I mount on the same or on another
shaft a similar disc free to rotate with its face opposite to the face of the first men-
tioned disc, or nearly so. Between the two discs I place a pinion which gears into
the threads of both discs; the said pinion is so held by suitable bearings and con-
nections that it can turn freely on its axis. The rotation of the loose or fixed disc
causes the pinion to rotate on its axis and roll along the face of the fixed or loose
disc, so as to approach or receed from the centre of such discs. The reversing gear
of the engine or engines is or are attached to or connected with the said pinion, and
the action of the engine is so arranged that any motion of the loose disc which
causes the pinion to receed from or approach the centre of such disc is compensated
for by the motion of the disc fixed to the engine shaft, which gives motion to the
pinion in the contrary direction.
Sheet I. Fig. 1 is a sectional side view, and Fig. 2 a cross section at the line A, A,
both of apparatus for operating reversing gear constructed under the first part of
my Invention, division (a.). 1 is a shaft receiving rotary motion from the engine,
and having a block 2 free to move longitudinally thereon. In the said shaft key
ways 3 are cut, and keys 4 attached to the said block 2 by pins 5 slide therein and
receive motion from the screw 6 which fits on the reduced end of the shaft 1. The
screw 6, which is prevented from moving longitudinally by the nut 7, receives rotary
motion from the hand wheel 8; 9 is a strap operating the reversing gear, and
actuated by the block 2. The action of the apparatus is as follows:-On motion
being given to the hand wheel the screw 6 is caused to turn and give a longitu-
dinal motion to the block 2 through the connecting keys 4. The block 2 actuates
the reversing strap 9, and the engines are caused to move. The engines cause the
shaft 1 aud block 2 to rotate, which latter is thereby caused to travel along the
screw 6 until steam is cut off. The engines will run in one direction or the other,
according to the motion given to the hand wheel, and while the hand wheel is being
turned.

page_text: Sheet I. Fig. 3 is a view of simplified apparatus acting substantially as above
described. 1 is a shaft receiving motion from the engine, and formed with a screw
10 which takes into a screw 11 on a shaft 12. The screws are right and left handed,
and the same pitch, so that they may fit into each other and be capable of actuating
each other. The screw 11 is the equivalent of the sliding block 2 and screw 6 above
mentioned, and the oscillating arm 9 is the equivalent of the strap 9. That the
engines may move in one or other direction the shaft 12 is rotated so as to cause
the screw 11 to slide longitudinally. The motion of the shaft 1 screws shaft 11 back
to its original position. The screw 11 on shaft 12 is free to slide thereon as well as
to rotate therewith, or it may be secured thereto, and the shaft 12 may both rotate
and slide.
Sheet I. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation, Fig. 5 a view showing one of the scroll
discs and part of the reversing gear, and Fig. 6 a view of the other disc, all under
part 1, division b, of my Invention. 1, shaft receiving rotary motion from the
engines; 13, disc having a spiral groove or scroll 14 cut or formed therein; 15 is a
second and similar scroll disc free to revolve on the shaft 1, and receiving motion
from the hand wheel 8. The links 16 connected to the reversing gear receive
motion from the discs through the scroll wheel 17. The action of the apparatus is
as follows:-On rotating the disc 15 in one or other direction the scroll wheel 17 is
caused to roll to or from the centre of the shaft 1. The said motion operates the
reversing gear, and the engines move in one or other direction so as to give motion
to the disc 13, and cause the wheel 17 to roll back to its original position; steam is
thereby cut off.
It will be evident that means other than hand wheels may be employed for
operating the parts, and that gearing may be interposed in the usual way. The
reversing gear may be of any suitable or desired construction.
Under the second part, I arrange steering gear to be worked by hand or power
in the following novel manner:-I mount the chain barrel carrying the rudder
chains between two standards in suitable bearings, the whole being supported by
a bed plate. A large spur wheel attached to the said chain barrel gears into a
pinion secured to a countershaft placed below and parallel to the said barrel. On
the countershaft a worm wheel is mounted, which gears into a worm or screw on .
a crank shaft which is placed at right angles, or nearly so, to the said countershaft,
and is driven by an engine or engines fitted horizontally below the barrel and
between the said standards; ou one or both of the projecting ends of the barrel
shaft a hand wheel or hand wheels and pinion or pinions is or are mounted so as to
be capable of turning freely. The said pinion or pinions gear with a spur wheel or
spur wheels on the countershaft. The worm wheel and spur wheel or wheels on
the countershaft are provided with suitable clutches or equivalent means, whereby
they can be thrown into or out of gear, so as to allow of the chain barrel being
operated by the engine or engines above mentioned or by hand. The above
arrangement of gear allows of the rudder chains being led away from below the
barrel, thus bringing the said chains nearer the deck and preventing strains
tending to injure the said deck; it also allows of the apparatus being made very
compact, whereby a great saving of space is effected.
If hand steering is not desirable the countershaft may be dispensed with and the
worm or screw on the crank shaft arranged to gear directly with the wheel on the
barrel shaft.
Sheet II. Fig. 7, is a sectional end view, and Fig. 8 a sectional elevation of
steering gear arranged to be worked by hand or power under the second part of my
Invention. The barrel 18 which carries the rudder chains is mounted on the
shaft 19. The said shaft 19 rests in bearings on the standards 20 carried by the
bed plate 21; 22 is a spur wheel attached to the said chain barrel and gearing into
a pinion 23 secured to the countershaft 24 placed below and parralel to the said
barrel shaft 19. On the countershaft 24 is mounted a worm wheel 25 which gears
with the worm or screw 26 on the crank shaft 27. The crank shaft 27 is placed at
right angles or nearly so to the said countershaft and is driven by the engines 28

page_text: fitted horizontally beneath the chain barrel and between the standards. The
shaft 19 carries a hand wheel 29 attached to a pinion 30. The pinion 30 gears
into the spur wheel 31 on the countershaft 24 and is secured thereto when necessary
by the arm and pin 32, as shown. Clutches 33 are provided, whereby the worm
wheel 25 may be secured to or allowed to revolve freely on its shaft.
It will be evident from the above construction that the gear can be operated by
hand or power, as desired. The construction of the engines and reversing gear may
be of any ordinary kind or as hereinafter described.
Sheet III. Fig. 9 is a side elevation, and Figure 10 a sectional view through the
line B, B, of a modification; and Fig. 11 a view, shewing the chain barrel and
guide pulley, all of steering gear constructed under the above second part of my
Invention, where it is not desired to employ hand power. The arrangement is
similar to that described in Figs. 7 and 8, with this difference, that the worm
receiving motion from the engines is caused to act directly on the worm wheel
instead of through a countershaft and gearing. The novelty of the arrangement
in its essential feature being, namely:-Placing the engines between the standards
and below the barrel or chain wheel when the axis of the cylinders are parallel to
the barrel axis or nearly so. The engine here is shown controlled by the ordinary
link motion, but other means for reversing may be employed without departing
from this part of my Invention. The advantages of arranging steering gear sub-
stantially as above set forth are, compactness, strength combined with lightness of
parts, durability, and less steam on the deck when in operation.
Under the third head, in order to obtain a straight lead for the rudder chain,
I construct the barrel of such diameter that the whole length of the said chain
necessary to give any desired motion to the rudder may be wound on the said
barrel in one turn or part of a turn; and I form, fit, or provide the said barrel with
an internal toothed wheel and give motion thereto by a pinion or pinions operated
by power or hand in any usual or desired manner.
Sheet II. Fig. 12 is a sectional view and diagram; and Fig. 13, an elevation
partly in section illustrative of the third part of my Invention.
The engines, framework, and gearing, are of any convenient pattern, the con-
struction and method of driving the chain wheel or barrel forming the essential
feature of novelty. 34 is the chain wheel of sufficient diameter to allow of the
required amount of chain being wound thereon in about one turn. The said wheel
is formed with hollow trunnions 35 fitting into bearings on the standards 36.
Through the said hollow trunnions the shaft 37 turning in bearings 38 passes. The
said shaft 37 receives motion from the gearing and engines 39, and is provided with
a pinion 40 which takes into and gives notion to the internal teeth shown on the
chain wheel or barrel. The arrangement of the gear and standards may be varied
to suit circumstances.
Under the fourth head, steering appliances for hand or power, or both combined,
are operated by screw gear constructed in the following novel manners:-
A nut free to turn, and receiving motion from any convenient source of power,
gives a longitudinal motion to a screw passing through the said nut, and prevented
from turning on its axis in any convenient way. The rudder chains are attached to
each end of the said screw, either directly, when only a short motion of the chain is
required, or are passed around a pulley or pulleys on the ends thereof, when a
greater motion is required.
Instead of motion being given to the screw, motion may be given to the nut, or
more than one screw or nut may be employed.
The said screw and nut or screws and nuts may be placed in the centre of the
deck and transversely thereto, or they may be placed at the sides of the deck
longitudinally, and be operated by a shaft passing across the deck.
When the said screw and nut or screws and nuts are placed transversely, the
tiller may be connected directly to such screw or nut or screws or nuts; in this way
a long leverage is obtained, and wear and tear of the moving parts reduced.
-Sheet I. Fig. 14, is a plan view, and Fig. 15, a sectional elevation of steering

page_text: appliances constructed under the fourth part of my Invention. 41 is a nut pro-
vided with external teeth gearing into a pinion 42 actuated in any convenient
manner. The said nut is prevented from moving laterally by the thrust blocks 43,
and gives a longitudinal motion to the screw 44, which is prevented from turning on
its axis by the square. or other shaped blocks 45 attached thereto, and moving in
the guides 46. The rudder chains are attached to the said screw by the shackles
47, and they pass along the deck, are attached to the tiller or other appliance in
any suitable or usual manner.
Sheet III. Fig. 16, is a plan view, and Fig. 17 a sectional side elevation of a
modification of apparatus under the above fourth part.
The general construction and method of driving is the same, except that the nut
14 is operated through worm gear, and the screw is prevented from turning on its
axis by keys 42 sliding in ways cut therein. The rudder chains are rove through
double speed pulleys 43, and connected to the deck and tiller in the usual way.
Sheet IV. Fig. 18 is a plan view, and 19 a side elevation at right angles to éachi
other, all of a further modification of apparatus, part four. In this arrangement,
means are provided whereby motion may be given to the screw 44 by hand, as well
as by power.
The motive power apparatus is similar to that described in Figs. 14,
15, 16, and 17. The hand power is applied to the wheel 48, which gives motion to
the spur wheel 49, gearing into a pinion 50. The pinion 50 gears into a second
pinion 51 attached to the screw 52, which latter revolve freely on the crank shaft
53, a pinion 54 keyed on the crank shaft, actuates a pinion 55 on the shaft carrying
the pinion 50. The pinion 55 is attached to and detached from the shaft 56 by
means of a clutch 57. When hand power is to be used, the wheel 55 is thrown out
of gear, and the band wheel 48 is operated.
Sheet V. Figs. 21, 22, are views illustrative of further modifications of apparatus
under the above fourth part of my Invention. Here the screws are placed in a
vertical position instead of horizontally, as herein before described, and are operated.
and actuate the rudder chains substantially as above set forth. Gear thus arranged
is suitable for being placed between decks, so as to be supported by both the upper
and lower deck.
Sheet IV. Fig. 23, is a plan view, Fig. 24 a side elevation, and 25 a sectional
detail view, all of a further modification of apparatus under the above fourth part.
Here rotary motion is given to the screw 44, which acts on the nut 41. The nut
41, which is prevented from turning by the guide rods 58, thus receives a sliding
motion. The rudder chains may be connected direct to the nut, or be rove round
double speed pulleys attached to the rods 58, as shown.
Sheet IV. Fig. 26 is a plan, Fig. 27 a sectional elevation, Fig. 28 an end
elevation, and Fig. 29 an end view, all of a further modification of apparatus under
part four.
Here two nuts attached to a shaft carrying pulleys, around which the
rudder chains pass, receive motion from two screws connected to two worm wheels
driven by a worm on the crank.
Sheet IV. Fig. 30 is a modification, part four, in which two screws 44 are driven
by nuts receiving motion from worms on the crank shaft. The nuts move in
opposite directions at the same time, and are attached to a chain 60 passing around
a wheel 61 secured to a quadrant on the rudder post 62.
The screw gear and apparatus. described under the above fourth part may be
placed in any convenient position on the ship, either close to the rudder amidships,-
or elsewhere, and the same may be placed at any desired or convenient distance
apart.
Sheet IV. Fig. 31 is a plan, and Fig. 32 a sectional view of a further modification.
of apparatus under the above fourth part. Here the nut 41 receives motion from
the screw 44 driven by the engines, and is connected direct to the tiller arm 63 on
the rudder post 62 by means of swivel eye 64.
Under the fifth head I construct apparatus for preventing undue strain upon the
rudder post in the following manner :-
(a.) A cut off slide or similar valve is so attached by gearing to some portion of.

page_text: the steering gear moving in concert with the rudder that steam will be cut off
from the engines so soon has the rudder has been moved a certain distance, say,
nearly hard over, independent of any action of the ordinary steering gear controlled
by the steersman.
(b.) Instead of using the ordinary clutch or means of connecting the power wheel
or pinion to its shaft, I secure to the said power wheel a pinion or spur wheel of
suitable size, both being free to revolve on their carrying axle or shaft. I also
secure to the said shaft a second spur wheel close to and in preferance of the same
diameter as the loose spur wheel. A third wheel or pinion, free to slide on a
shaft or in bearings, gears with the two spur wheels above mentioned or with one
of them if desired.
The said third wheel or pinion is mounted on an axle which is held in position
by weights or springs, and is free to recede from the said spur wheels should the
tangential pressure upon the teeth of the fixed and loose wheel become excessive,
the third wheel is then forced out of gear, and the strain on the rudder post relieved.
Instead of sliding the third wheel or pinion into and out of gear it may be moved
into and out of gear by means of a rocking shaft.
Sheet II. Fig. 33 is a view partly in section of cut off apparatus, constructed
under the fifth part of my Invention, division (a) 65 is a valve attached to a
screwed stem 66, free to be turned by the bevel wheel 67. The wheel 67 receives
motion from the bevel wheel and shaft 68, operated by the engines; 69 is a rod
connected to the screwed stem 66, and capable of receiving a to and fro motion
form the lever 70; 71, pipe from boiler; 72, pipe to steam chest. The action is as
follows: The lever 70 is moved in one direction or the other, so as to cause the
valve 65 to uncover the passages 71, 72. Steam then passes to the engines which
move in the direction regulated by reversing gear. As the engines revolve the
valve 65 is gradually by the motion of the engines screwed back so as to cover the
ports 71, 72.
In whatever direction the engines are caused to move, when the valve 65 is
opened the action is to move such valve back again to closing position after a given
number of revolutions have been made.
Sheet II. Fig. 34 is a side view of a modification of apparatus working in a
similar manner to that described under Fig. 33. Here a second lever 73 is used,
and the screwed stein passes through the nutted wheel 67 instead of through the
body of the valve.
Sheet II. Fig. 35 is a side view, and Fig. 36 a sectional elevation of apparatus
constructed under the above fifth head, division (b); 74 is a worm wheel operated
by the engines and attached to the spur wheel 75, both turning freely on the
shaft 76; 77 is a second spur wheel fixed on the said shaft 76; 78 is a wheel or
pinion, broad enough to gear with both wheels 75 and 77 at once, and free to be
moved into and out of gear therewith by being turned around the centre 79 on the
weighted carrying lever 80. Instead of turning round a centre said wheel or pinion
may be arranged to slide on its shaft. In the latter case the shaft could be held
in position by weights or springs.
When the wheel or pinion 78 is in gear and engines are operating, motion will
be transmitted to the rudder from the worm wheel 74 through the spur wheel 75,
and pinion 78 to the spur wheel 77 on the shaft 76. Should the resistance of the
rudder be excessive the pinion 78 will be pressed out of gear.
Under the sixth head I construct as follows:-Reversing gear for motive power
engines, having a slide valve or slide valves of any ordinary or desired construction,
and used for operating the steering appliances above mentioned or other steering
appliances, and applicable for other purposes.
(a.) I connect the valve rod to a rod receiving motion from an eccentric or crank
actuated by the engine. The said eccentric or crank rod is placed at right angles,
or nearly so, to the direction of motion of the valve. The said eccentric or crank
rod at or near its point of connection to the valve rod is controlled in its motion
by a pin or guide. The said pin or guide is adjustable in such manner that the

page_text: direction of motion given to the end of the said eccentric or crank rod may be
at right angles, or nearly so, or at more or less acute angles to the direction of
motion of the valve.
The position or motion of the said pin or guide is adjusted by hand and by
gearing connected with any convenient moving portion of the engine, preferably by
the gearing described under the first head.
(b.) I connect the end of the valve rod to a lever placed at right angles, or
nearly so, and connect two other points in the said lever to two eccentric rods or
equivalent mechanism; one of the eccentric rods receives a fixed motion from the
crank shaft or any desired rotating shaft of the engine. The other eccentric rod,
or its equivalent, has a motion which is adjustable by hand or by gear, receiving
motion from the engine in such manner that the slide valve may be made to admit
steam or elastic fluid to the engine at any desired time, or close the passage to the
cylinder entirely.
Sheet I. Fig. 37 is a sectional elevation of reversing gear and apparatus illus-
trative of the above sixth head, division (a); Fig. 38 is a view showing the
arrangement of the connecting levers, and Fig. 39 a diagram, showing the valve
motion; 81 is the valve; 82, valve spindle and rod; 83, eccentric rod and strap
connected to the valve rod at right angles or nearly so; 84, eccentric; 85, weigh
shaft; 86, arm fixed to the weigh shaft; 87, radius rod, connected and by pre-
ference of the same length as the arm 86. The said radius rod is also connected
to the excentric rod 83, by preference between the eccentric and valve rod, so as to
obtain lead if desired. The radius rod 87 acts as a guide for the end of the excentric
rod 83, and the direction of motion of the end 83 will depend on the position of
that end of radius rod attached to the arm S6. The position of the arm 86 is con-
trolled by gear attached to the weigh shaft 85, such as the gear described in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, or by any other suitable mechanism. On reference to
diagram 39 it will be easily perceived how the position of the lever arm 86 will
regulate the motion of the end of the excentric rod, and with it the valve 81, so as
to reverse the engines or shut off steam altogether, which latter is the case when
the arm 86 is parallel to the direction of motion of the valve.
Sheet I. Figs. 40 and 41 are views of a modification of apparatus under the
above sixth part, division (a), where the motion of the end of the excentric rod is
guided by the slide 88 in the disc 89, attached to the weigh shaft 85. The end of
the excentric rod is attached to the slide by a pin 90. In this case the position of
the disc regulates the motion of the slide valve in manner similar to that described
in connection with Figs. 38 and 39.
Sheet V. Fig. 42 is a view of a further modification of apparatus under head six,
division (a), and is similar to that described under Figs. 40, 41. The difference
being that the end of the excentric rod is attached to one end of the lever 91
instead of to the pin on the slide 88.
Sheet I. Fig. 43 is a sectional plan, Fig. 44 a side ivew, and Fig. 45 a diagram,
all illustrative of the above sixth head, part 6; here the valve rod 92 is connected
at or near the centre of a lever 93, one end of which is connected by means of a
rod to the eccentric 94 fixed on the crank shaft 95, the throw of the excentric is
opposite to that of the crank 96, the other end of the lever 93 is connected by a
rod to the eccentric 97, which is loose on the crank shaft 94 and has its throw, as
shown, in the same direction as the crank, but is capable of being turned in
advance in either direction. It will be seen that by altering the position of the
excentric 97, so as to turn in advance of the crank, the valve will receive motion
through the action of the lever 93 and the engines will advance in the direction in
which the excentric 97 has received its motion; on reference to Fig. 45 the effect
of giving an angle of advance to the excentric 97 will be seen. When the loose
excentric has its throw in the same direction as the crank the valve receives no
motion. The said loose excentric may be actuated by hand or gearing. Fig. 46
is a diagram illustrating how the valve rod may be connected to one end of the
lever, the fixed excentric or crank to the other end, and the loose excentric between

page_text: the two. In this case both the fixed and loose excentrics have their throw in the
same direction as that of the crank, and are so proportioned that when parallel and
moving the end of the lever attached to the valve spindle remains stationary, or
nearly so. If the loose excentric is moved the engines follow the motion, as above
described.
Under the seventh head I construct valves for use in steering engines of cylin-
drical or disc shape, and form ports or passages around the edge or cylindrical face
in such manner that the reciprocation or rotation of the said valves shall admit and
cut off steam or elastic fluid froin the cylinder at the required and proper times.
Sheet IV. Fig. 47 is a cross section, and Fig. 48 a sectional elevation, illustrative
of a valve constructed under the seventh head of my Invention. 98 is a cylin-
drical valve formed with recesses 99, and free to rock or rotate on the axle 100.
It will be evident that the action of this valve in admitting and cutting off steam
is similar to that of a common dee slide valve, and that motion either continuous
or rocking may be imparted to it by means of suitable gear either by hand or from
some moving part of the engines.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and illustrated the same
in such manner that others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect,
I claim,
Under the first part, apparatus or appliances constructed and operating sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
Under the second head, first, the combination and arrangements of parts,
operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Second. The arrangement of parts in the manner and for the purposes set forth,
substantially as herein described.
Under the third head, constructing, arranging, and operating the chain wheel
or barrel, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Under the fourth head, screw and nut gear for giving motion to rudder chains,
constructed, arranged, combined, and operating substantially as set forth.
Under the fifth head, first, valve apparatus constructed, combined, and operating
substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.
Second. Disengaging gear, constructed and operating substantially in the manner
and for the purposes set forth.
Under the sixth head, reversing gear, constructed and operating substantially as
set forth.
Under the seventh head, constructing valves for steering engines in the manner
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty first day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
GUSTAV A. C. BREMME. (L.S.)

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 18th day of December 1886, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM AND OTHER STEERING GEAR FOR SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
Sealed the 18th November 1879, and dated the 22nd May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1879.
GUSTAV ALBRECHT CARL BREMME, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER STEERING GEAR FOR
SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE
POWER ENGINES."
My Invention has for its object,
First. To simplify and render more reliable the action of gear or appliances for
steering or directing the motion of ships and navigable vessels, both when actuated
by fluid pressure or by hand; and second, to simplify and render effective the
reversing gear and valves of motive power engines for operating steering gear or
appliances, or for actuating motive power engines generally.
Under the first part I construct apparatus or appliances for giving reversing gear
the requisite motions for admitting steam or clastic fluid to and cutting it off from
the cylinder or cylinders of motive power engines employed to operate steering
gear in one of the following novel manners :-
(a.) I provide with a sliding block a shaft caused to rotate by the engine, and
adapt such sliding block to receive a motion of translation along the said shaft by
means of a screw and hand wheel. The said shaft carries around with it during
rotation the said sliding block, and screws it back again to the position occupied
before it was moved along the shaft by the action of the screw and hand wheel.
The reversing gear for the engine is connected to the said sliding block, and the
engine is caused to move in one direction or the other, or remain at rest, according
to the position of the sliding block on the shaft.

page_text: (.) I attach to a shaft receiving rotary motion from the engine a disc having a
spiral thread or scroll formed on its face, and I mount on the same or another shaft
a similar disc free to rotate with its face opposite to the face of the first mentioned
disc or nearly so. Between the two discs I place a pinion, which gears into the
threads of both discs. The said pinion is so field by suitable bearings and connec-
tions that it can turn freely on its axis. The rotation of the loose or fixed dise
causes the pinion to rotate on its axis and roll along the face of the loose or fixed
disc, so as to approach or receed from the centre of such discs. The reversing gear
of the engine or engines is or are attached to or connected with the said pinions,
and the action of the engine is so arranged that any motion of the loose disc,
which causes the pinion to receed from or approach the centre of such disc, is com-
pensated for by the motion of the disc fixed to the engine shaft, which gives motion
to the pinion in the contrary direction.
Under the second part I arrange stearing gear to be worked by hand or power in
the following novel manner :-I mount the chain barrel carrying the rudder chains
between two standards in suitable bearings, the whole being supported by a bed
plate; a large spur wheel attached to the said chain barrel gears into a pinion
secured to a counter shaft placed below and parallel to the said barrel. On the
counter shaft a worm wheel is mounted, which gears into a worm or screw on a
crank shaft, which is placed at right angles, or nearly so, to the said counter shaft,
and is driven by an engine or engines fitted horizontally below the barrel and
hetween the said standards. On one or both of the projecting ends of the barrel
shaft, a handwheel or hand wheels, and pinion or pinions is or are mounted, so as to
be capable of turning freely. The said pinion or pinions gear with a spur wheel or
spur wheels on the counter shaft. The worm wheel and spur wheel or wheels on
the counter shaft are provided with suitable clutches or equivalent means, whereby
they can be thrown into or out of gear, so as to allow of the chain barrel being
operated by the engine or engines above mentioned or by hand. The above arrange-
ment of gear allows of the rudder chains being led away from below the barrel, thus
bringing the said chains nearer the deck, and preventing strains tending to injure
the said deck; it also allows of the apparatus being made very compact, whereby
a great saving of space is effected.
If hand steering is not desirable the counter shaft may be dispensed with, and
the worm or screw on the crank shaft arranged to gear directly with the wheel on
the barrel shaft.
Under the third head, in order to obtain a straight lead for the rudder chain, I
construct the barrel of such diameter that the whole length of the said chain neces
sary to give any desired motion to the rudder may be wound on the said barrel in
one turn or part of a turn, and I form, fit, or provide the said barrel with an internal
toothed wheel, and give motion thereto by a pinion or pinions operated by power or
hand in any usual or desired manner.
Under the third head, steering appliances for hand, or power, or both combined,
are operated by screw gear constructed in the following novel manners :-
(a.) A nut free to turn and receiving motion from any convenient source of power
gives a longitudinal motion to a screw passing through the said nut, and prevented
from turning on its axis in any convenient way.
The rudder chains are attached to each end of the said screw, either directly,
when only a short motion of the chain is required, or are passed around a pulley or
pulleys on the ends thereof, when a greater motion is required. Instead of motion
being given to the screw, motion may be given to the nut, or more than one screw
or nut may be employed.
The said screw & nut, or screws & nuts, may be placed in the centre of the deck
and transversely thereto, or they may be placed at the sides of the deck, longitudi-
nally, and be operated by a shaft passing across the deck.
When the said screw and mut or screws and nuts are placed transversely, the tiller
may be connected directly to such screw or nut, or screws or nuts; in this way a
long leverage is obtained, and wear and tear of the moving parts reduced.

page_text: Under the fourth head I construct apparatus for preventing undue strain upon
the rudder post in the following manner-
(a.) A cut off slide, or similar valve is so attached by gearing to some portion of
the steering gear moving in concert with the rudder that steam will be cut off from
the engines so soon as the rudder has been moved a certain distance, say, nearly
hard over, independent of any action of the ordinary steering gear controlled by the
steersman.
(b.) Instead of using the ordinary clutch or means of connecting the power wheel
or pinion to its shaft, I secure to the said power wheel or pinion a spur wheel of
suitable size, both being free to revolve on their carrying axle or shaft. I also secure
to the said shaft a second spur wheel close to and in preference of the same diameter
as the loose spur wheel. A third wheel or pinion free to slide on a shaft or in
bearings gears with the two spur wheels above mentioned, or with one of them if
desired.
The said third wheel or pinion is mounted on an axle, which is held in position
by weights or springs, and is free to receed from the said spur wheels should the
tangential pressure upon the teeth of the fixed and loose wheel become excessive.
The third wheel is then forced out of gear, and the strain on the rudder post relieved.
Instead of sliding the third wheel or pinion into and out of gear, it may be moved
into and out of gear by means of a rocking shaft.
Under the fifth head, I construct as follows reversing gear for motive power
engines, having a slide valve or slide valves of any ordinary or desired construction,
and used for operating the steering appliances above mentioned, or other steering
appliances, and applicable for other purposes..
(a.) I connect the valve rod to rod receiving motion from an excentric or crank
actuated by the engine. The said excentric or crank rod is placed at right angles,
or nearly so, to the direction of motion of the valve. The said excentric or crank
rod at or near its point of connection to the valve rod is controlled in its motion by
a pin or guide. The said pin or guide is adjustable in such manner that the direc-
tion of motion given to the end of the said excentric or crank rod may be at right
angles, or nearly so, or at more or less acute angles to the direction of motion of
the valve.
The position or motion of the said pin or guide is adjusted by hand and by gearing
connected with any convenient moving portion of the engine, preferably by the
gearing described under the first head.
(6) connect the end of the valve rod to a lever placed at right angles, or nearly
so, and connect two other points in the said lever to two excentric rods or equivalent
mechanism. One of the excentric rods receives a fixed motion from the crank shaft
or any desired rotating shaft of the engine. The other excentric rod or its equiva-
lent has a motion which is adjustable by hand or by gear receiving motion from the
engine in such manner that the slide valve may be made to admit steam or elastic
fluid to the engine at any desired time, or close the passage to thic cylinder
entirely.
Under the sixth head, I construct valves for use in steering or other engines
of cylindrical or disc shape, and from ports or passages around the edge or cylin-
drical face in such manner that the reciprocation or rotation of the said valves
shall admit and cut off steam or elastic fluid from the cylinder at the required and
proper time.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Paient filed by
the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd November 1879.
GUSTAV ALBRECHT CARL BREMME, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER STEERING GEAR FOR
SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE
POWER ENGINES."
My Invention has for its object, first, to simplify and render more reliable the
action of gear or appliances for steering or directing the motion of ships and
navigable vessels, both when actuated by fluid pressure or by hand; and, second, to
simplify and render effective the reversing gear and valves of motive power engines
for operating steering gear or appliances, or for actuating motive power engines
generally.
Under the first part I construct apparatus or appliances for giving reversing gear
the requisite motions for admitting steam or elastic fluid to, and cutting it off from
the cylinder or cylinders of motive power engines employed to operate steering gear
in one of the following novel manners:—
(a.) I provide with a sliding block a shaft caused to rotate by the engine, and
adapt such sliding block to receive a motion of translation along the said shaft by
means of a screw and hand wheel. The said shaft carries around with it during
rotation the said sliding block, and screws it back again to the position occupied
before it was moved along the shaft by the action of the screw and hand wheel.
The reversing gear for the engine is connected to the said sliding block, and the
engine is caused to move in one direction or the other or remain at rest, according
to the position of the sliding block on the shaft.
(.) I attach to a shaft receiving rotary motion from the engine a disc having a
spiral thread or scroll formed on its face, and I mount on the same or on another
shaft a similar disc free to rotate with its face opposite to the face of the first men-
tioned disc, or nearly so. Between the two discs I place a pinion which gears into
the threads of both dises; the said pinion is so held by suitable bearings and con-
nections that it can turn freely on its axis. The rotation of the loose or fixed disc
causes the pinion to rotate on its axis and roll along the face of the fixed or loose
disc, so as to approach or receed from the centre of such dises. The reversing gear
of the engine or engines is or are attached to or connected with the said pinion, and
the action of the engine is so arranged that any motion of the loose disc which
causes the pinion to roceed from or approach the centre of such dise is compensafed
for by the motion of the disc fixed to the engine shaft, which gives motion to the
pinion in the contrary direction.
a
Sheet I. Fig. 1 is a sectional side view, and Fig. 2 a cross section at the line A, A,
both of apparatus for operating reversing gear constructed under the first part of
my Invention, division (a.). 1 is a shaft receiving rotary motion from the engine,
and having a block 2 free to move longitudinally thereon. In the said shaft key
ways 3 are cut, and keys 4 attached to the said block 2 by pins 5 slide therein and
receive motion from the screw 6 which fits on the reduced end of the shaft 1. The
screw 6, which is prevented from moving longitudinally by the nut 7, receives rotary
.

page_text: motion from the hand wheel 8; 9 is a strap operating the reversing gear, and
actuated by the block 2. The action of the apparatus is as follows:-On motion
being given to the hand wheel 8 the screw 6 is caused to turn and give a longitu
dinal motion to the block 2 through the connecting keys 4. The block 2 actuates
the reversing strap 9, and the engines are caused to move. The engines cause the
shaft 1 and block 2 to rotate, which latter is thereby caused to travel along the
screw 6 until steam is cut off. The engines will run in one direction or the other,
according to the motion given to the hand wheel, and while the hand wheel is being
turned.
Sheet I. Fig. 3 is a view of simplified apparatus acting substantially, as above
described. 1 is a shaft receiving motion from the engine, and formed with a screw
10 which takes into a screw 11 on a shaft 12. The screws are right and left handed,
and the same pitch, so that they may fit into each other and be capable of actuating
each other. The screw 11 is the equivalent of the sliding block 2 and screw 6 above
mentioned, and the oscillating arin 9 is the equivalent of the strap 9.
That the
engines may move in one or other direction the shaft 12 is rotated so as to cause
the screw 11 to slide longitudinally. The motion of the shaft 1 screws shaft 11 back
to its original position. The screw 11 on shaft 12 is free to slide thereon as well as
to rotate therewith, or it may be secured thereto, and the shaft 12 may both rotate
and slide.
Sheet I. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation, Fig. 5 a view showing one of the scroll
discs and part of the reversing gear, and Fig. 6 a view of the other disc, all under
part 1, division 6, of my Invention. 1, shaft receiving rotary motion from the
engines 13, disc having a spiral groove or scroll 14 cut or formed therein; 15 is a
second and similar scroll disc free to revolve on the shaft 1, and receiving motion
from the hand wheel S. The links 16 connected to the reversing gear receive
motion from the discs through the scroll wheel 17. The action of the apparatus is
as follows: On rotating the disc 15 in one or other direction the scroll wheel 17 is
caused to roll to or from the centre of the shaft 1. The said motion operates the
reversing gear, and the engines move in one or other direction so as to give motion
to the disc 13, and cause the wheel 17 to roll back to its original position; steam is
thereby cut off.
It will be evident that means other than hand wheels may he employed for
operating the parts, and that gearing may be interposed in the usual way. The
reversing gear may be of any suitable or desired construction.
Under the second part, I arrange steering gear to be worked by hand or power
in the following novel manner: 1 mount the chain barrel carrying the rudder
elmins between two standards in suitable bearings, the whole being supported by
Abed plate. A large spur wheel attached to the said chain barrel gears into a
pinion secured to a countershaft placed below and parallel to the said barrel. On
the countershaft a worm-wheel-is-mounted, which gears into a worm or ferew-on
a crank shaft which is placed at right angles, or nearly so, to the said countershaft;
and is driven by an engine or engines fitted horizontally below-the-barrel-and
between the said standards; on the or both of the projecting ends of the barrel
shaft-n-hand wheel or hand wheels and pinion or Finions is or are mounted so as to
be empable of turning freely. The said pinion or pinions gear with a spur-wheel or
spur wheels on the countershaft. The worm wheel and spur wheel or wheels on
the countershaft are provided with suitable clutches or equivalent means whereby
they can be thrown into or out of gour, so as to allow of the chain barrel being
operated by the engine or engines above-mentioned or by hand. The above
arrangement of gear allows of the rudder chains being led away from below the
barrel, thus bringing the said chains nearer the deck and preventing strains
tending to injure the said deck; it also allows of the apparatus being made very
compact, whereby a great saving of space is effected.
If hand steering is not desirable-the-countershaft may be dispensed with and the
worm or screw on the crank shaft arranged to gear directly with the wheel on the
barrel shaft

page_text: Sheet H. Fig. 7, is a sectional end view, and Fig. 3 a sectional-elevation of
steering gear-arranged to be worked by hand or power under the second part of my
Invention. The Burrel 18 which carries the rudder chains is mounted on the
shaft 10. The said shaft 10 rests in bearings-on-the-standards 20 enrried by the
bed plate 2120 is a spur wheel attached to the said chain-barrel and gearing into
a pinion 29 secured to the countershaft 24 placed below and paralel to the said
barrel shaft tu. On the countershaft 24-is-mounted a worm wheel 25 which gears
with-the-worm or screw 26-on-the crank shaft 27. The crank-shaft 27 is placed at
right angles or nearly so to the said countershaft and is driven by the engines 28
fitted horizontally beneath the chain barrel and between the standards. The
shaft-19 carries a hand wheel 20 attached to a pinion 30. The pinion 30-gears
into the spur-wheel-31-on-the-countershaft 24 and is secured thereto when necessary
by-the-arm-and-pin-32, as shown. Clutches-33-are provided, whereby the worm
wheel 25-may be secured to or allowed to revolve freely on its shaft.
It will be evident from the above construction that the gear can be operated by
hand or power, as desired. The construction of the engines and reversing gear-may
be-of-any ordinary kind or as hereinafter described.
Sheet 111. Fig. -is-a-side elevation, and Figure 10-a-sectional view through the
line B-B of a modification; and Fig. 11-a view, shewing the chain-barrel and
guide-pulley-all- of steering gear-constructed under the above second part of my
Invention, where it is not desired to employ hind power. The arrangement is
similar to that described in Figs, 7 and 8, with this difference; that the worm
receiving motion from the-engines is caused to net directly on the worm wheel
instead of through-a-countershaft and gearing. The novelty of the arrangement
in its essential feature, being, namely: Placing the engines between the standards
and below the barrel or chain wheel when the axis of the cylinders are parallel to
the barral-axis or nearly so. The engine here is shown-controlled by the ordinary
link motion, but other means for reversing may be employed without departing
from this part of my Invention: The advantages of arranging steering geur sul
stantially as above set forth are competness, strength-combined with lightness-of
pris, durability, and less stemm on the deck when in operation.
Under the third hend, in order to obtain a straight lend for the rudder chain,
construct the barrel of such diameter that the whole length of the said chain
necessary to give any desired motion to the rudder may be wound on the said
barrel in-one turn or part of a turns and I form; fit, or provide the said barrel with
an internal toothed wheel and give motion thereto by a pinion or pinions-operated
by power or hand in any usual or desired manner.
Sheet H. Fig 12 is a sectional view and diagram; and Fig. 13, an elevation
partly in-section-illustrative of the third part of my invention.
The engines, framework, and gearing. are of any convenient pattern, the-con-
struction-and-method-of-driving the chain wheel or barrel forming the-essentin!
fenture-of-novelty. 31 is the chain wheel of suflicient-diameter to allow-of-the
required amount of chain-being wound thereon in about one turn: The said wheel
is formed with hollow trunnions 35-fitting into benrings on the standards-36.
Through the said hollow trannions the shaft-37 turning in bearings 38 pusses. The
said shaft 37 receives motion from the gearing and engines 30, and is provided with
pinion 10-which takes into and gives motion to the internal teeth shown on the
chain wheel or barrel. The arrangement of the gear and standards may be varied
to suit eircumstances.
Under the fourth second head, steering appliances for hand or power, or both com-
bined, are operated by screw gear constructed in the following novel manners:-
A nut free to turn, and receiving motion from any convenient source of power,
gives a longitudinal motion to a screw passing through the said nut, and prevented
from turning on its axis in any convenient way. The rudder chains are attached to
each end of the said screw, either directly, when only a short motion of the chain is
required, or are passed around a pulley or pulleys on the ends thereof; when a
greater motion is required.
. t

page_text: Instead of motion being given to the screw, motion may be given to the nut, or
more than one screw or nut may be employed.
The said screw and nut or screws and nuts may be placed in the centre of the
deck and transversely thereto, or they may be placed at the sides of the deck
longitudinally, and be operated by a shaft passing across the deck.
al
When the said screw and nut or screws and nuts are placed transversely, the
tiller may be connected directly to such screw or nut or screws or nuts; in this way
long leverage is obtained, and wear and tear of the moving parts reduced.
Sheet, III. Fig. 7, is a plan view, and Fig. 45 8, a sectional elevation of
steering appliances constructed under the fourth second part of my Invention. 41 is
a nut provided with external teeth gearing into a pinion 42 actuated in any con-
venient manner. The said nut is prevented from moving laterally by the thrust
blocks 43, and gives a longitudinal motion to the screw 44, which is prevented from
turning on its axis by the square or other shaped blocks 45 attached thereto, and
moving in the guides 46. The rudder chains are attached to the said screw by the
shackles 47, and they pass along the deck, are attached to the tiller or other appliance
in any suitable or usual manner.
Sheet II. Fig. 9, is a plan view, and Fig. 7 10 a sectional side elevation of a
modification of apparatus under the above fourth second part.
The general construction and method of driving is the same, except that the nut
14 is operated through worm gear, and the screw is prevented from turning on its
axis by keys 42 sliding in ways, cut therein. The rudder chains are rove through
double speed pulleys 43, and connected to the deck and tiller in the usual way.
Sheet IV. Fig. 11 is a plan view, and 49-a Figs. 12 and 13 side elevations at
right angles to each other, all of a further modification of apparatus, part four two.
In this arrangement, means are provided whereby motion may be given to the screw 44
by hand, as well as by power. The motive power apparatus is similar to that described
in Figs. 1, 1, 16, and 17; 7, 8, 9, and 10. The hand power is applied to the
wheel 48, which gives motion to the spur wheel 49, gearing into a pinion 50. The
pinion 50 gears into a second pinion 51 attached to the screw 52, which latter revolve
freely on the crank shaft, 53, a pinion 54 keyed on the crank shaft, actuates a pinion 55
on the shaft carrying the pinion 50. The pinion 55 is attached to and detached from
the shaft 56 by means of a clutch 57. When hand power is to be used, the wheel 55
is thrown out of gear, and the hand wheel 48 is operated.
Sheet V. Figs. 21, 22, 14, 15, are, views illustrative of further modifications of
apparatus under the above fourth second part of my Invention. Here the screws are
placed in a vertical position instead of horizontally, as hereinbefore described, and are
operated and actuate the rudder chains substantially as above set forth. Gear thus
arranged is suitable for being placed between decks, so as to be supported by both
the upper and lower deck.
Sheet IV. Fig. 3, 16, is a plan view, Fig. 24 17 a side elevation, and Fig. 18
a sectional detail view, all of a further modification of apparatus under the above fourth
second part. Here rotary motion is given to the screw 44, which acts on the nut 41.
The nut 41, which is prevented from turning by the guide rods 58, thus receives a
sliding motion. The rudder chains may be connected direct to the nut, or be rove
round double speed pulleys attached to the rods 58, as shown.
Sheet IV. Fig. 26 19 is a plan, Fig. 2720 a sectional elevation, Fig. 28 21 an end
elevation, and Fig. 20 22 an end view, all of a further modification of apparatus under
part four tiro. Here two muts attached to a shaft carrying pulleys, around which the
rudder chains pass, receive motion from two screws connected to two worm wheels
driven by a worm on the crank.
Sheet IV. Fig. 30 23 is a modification, of part four, (co, in which two screws 44
are driven by nuts receiving motion from worms on the crank shaft. The nuts move
in opposite directions at the same time, and are attached to a chain 60 passing around
a wheel. 61 secured to a quadrant on the rudder post 62.
The screw gear and apparatus described under the above fourth second part may be
placed in any convenient position on the ship, either close to the rudder amidships,

page_text: or elsewhere, and the same screws may be placed at any desired or convenient distance
apart.
Sheet IV. Fig. 34 24 is a plan, and Fig. 32 25 a sectional view of a further
modification of apparatus under the above fourth second part. Here the nut 41
receives motion from the screw 44 driven by the engines, and is connected direct to
the tiller arm 63 on the rudder post 62 by means of swivel eye 64.
Under the fifth third head I construct apparatus for preventing undue strain upon
the rudder post in the following manner :-
-(-a)-A-cut-off slide or similar valve is so attached by gearing to some-portion-of
the steering gear-moving-in-concert with the rudder that steam will be ent off
from-the-engines so-soon has the rudder has been moved a certain-distance; sy
nearly hard over, independent of any action of the ordinary steering gear controlled
by the-steersamn:
-(-). Instead of using the ordinary clutch or means of connecting the power wheel
or pinion to its shaft, 1 secure to the said power wheel a or pinion or a spur wheel of
suitable size, both being free to revolve on their carrying axle or shaft. I also
secure to the said shaft a second spur wheel close to and in preferance of the same
diameter as the loose spur wheel. A third wheel or pinion, free to slide on a
shaft or in bearings, gears with the two spur wheels above mentioned or with one
of them if desired.
The said third wheel or pinion is mounted on an axle which is held in position
by weights or springs, and is free to recede from the said spur wheels should the
tangential pressure upon the teeth of the fixed and loose wheel become excessive,
the third wheel is then forced out of gear, and the strain on the rudder post relieved.
Instead of sliding the third wheel or pinion into and out of gear it may be moved
into and out of gear by means of a rocking shaft.
Sheet H. Fig. 33-is-a-view partly in section of ent off apparatus, constructed
under the fifth part of my Invention, division-(--)-665 is a valve attached to a
screwed-stem 69; free to be turned by the bevel wheel 67. The wheel 67 receives
motion from the bevel wheel and shaft 68, operated by the engines: 60 is n red
connected to the-screwed stem-60, and empable of receiving n to and fro motion
form the lever 70-71, ripe from boiler: 72, pipe to steam chest. The nation is as
follows: The lever 70 is moved in one direction or the other, so as to ease the
valve Go to uncover the passages 71, 72. Steam then passes to the engines which
move in the direction regulated by reversing gear. As the engines-revolve-the
valve 65 is gradually by the motion of the engines serewed-back-so-ns to cover the
ports 71, 72.
In whatever direction-the-engines are unused to move, when the valve-to-is
opened the nation is to move such valve back again to closing position after a given
number of revolutions have been-mede
Sheet Fig 31 is a side view of a modification of apparatus working in a
similar manner to that described under Fig. 33. Here a second lever-73 is used,
and the serewed stem russes through the nutted wheel 67 instead of through the
body of the valve.
Sheet 11. Fig. 35 25 is a side view; and Fig. 26 26 a sectional, elevation of
apparatus constructed under the above fifth third head, division-(--): 74 is a worm
wheel operated by the engines and attached to the spur wheel 75, both turning freely
on the shaft 76 77 is a second spur wheel fixed on the said shaft 76; 78 is a wheel
or pinion, broad enough to gear with both wheels 75 and 77 at once, and free to be
moved into and out of gear therewith by being turned around the centre 79 on the
weighted carrying lever 80. Instead of turning round a centre said wheel or pinion
may be arranged to slide on its shaft. In the latter case the shaft could be held
in position by weights or springs.
When the wheel or pinion 78 is in gear and engines are operating, motion will
be transmitted to the rudder from the worm wheel 74 through the spur wheel 75,
and pinion 78 to the spur wheel 77 on the shaft 76. Should the resistance of the
rudder be excessive the pinion 78 will be pressed out of gear.
.

page_text: Under the sixth fourth head I construct as follows:-Reversing gear for motive
power engines, having a slide valve or slide valves of any ordinary or desirod
construction, and used for operating the steering appliances above mentioned or other
steering appliances, and applicable for other purposes as follows:-
-
-(-a) I connect the valve rod to a rod receiving motion from an eccentric or crank
actuated by the engine. The said eccentric or crank rod is placed at right angles,
or nearly so, to the direction of motion of the valve. The said eccentric or crank
rod at or near its point of connection to the valve rod is controlled in its motion
by a pin or guide. The said pin or guide is adjustable in such manner that the
direction of motion given to the end of the said eccentric or crank rod may be
at right angles, or nearly so, or at more or less acute angles to the direction of
motion of the valve:
The position or motion of the said pin-or-guide-is adjusted by hand and by
genring-connected with any convenient moving portion of the engine, preferably by
the-gearing described under the first head.
-(-)-connect the end of the valve rod to a lever placed at right-angles, or
nearly so, and connect two-other-points in the said lever to two eccentric-rods or
equivalent mechanism; one of the eccentric rods receives a fixed motion from the
erank shaft or any desired rotating shaft of the engine. The other eccentric-rod,
or its equivalent, has a motion which is adjustable by hand or by gear, receiving
motion from the engine in such manner that the slide valve may be made to admit
steam or clastic fluid to the engine at any desired time; or close the passage to the
cylinder entirely.
Sheet I. Fig. 37 27 is a sectional elevation of reversing gear and apparatus illus-
trative of the above sixth fourth head, division(); Fig. 38 28 is a view showing the
arrangement of the connecting levers, and Fig. 3 29 a diagram, showing the valve
motion 81 is the valve: 82, valve spindle and rod; 83, eccentric rod and strap
connected to the valve rod at right angles or nearly so; 84, eccentric; 85, weigh
shaft; 86, arm fixed to the weigh shaft; 87, radius rod, connected and by pre-
ference of the same length as the arm 86. The said radius rod is also connected
to the excentric rod 83, by-preference between the eccentric and valve rod, so as to
obtain lead if desired. The radius rod $7 acts as a guide for the end of the excentric
rod 83, and the direction of motion of the end 83 will depend on the position of
that end of radius rod attached to the arm 86. The position of the arm 86 is con-
trolled by gear attached to the weigh shaft 85, such as the gear described in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, or by any other suitable mechanism. On reference to
diagram 329 it will be easily perceived how the position of the lever arm 86 will
regulate the motion of the end of the excentric rod, and with it the valve 81, so as
to reverse the engines or shut off steam altogether, which latter is the case when
the arm 86 is parallel to the direction of motion of the valve.
Sheet Fige 10 and 11 are views of a modification of apparatus under the
above sixth-part, division (#), where the motion of the end of the excentric rod is
guided by the slide SS in the dice 80, attached to the weigh shaft 25. The end of
the excentric rod is attached to the slide by a pin-00: In this ease the position of
the dise regulates the motion of the slide valve in manner similar to that described
in-connection with Figs. 38 and 30.
Sheet V. Fig. 12 is a view of a further modification of apparatus under head six,
division (-a), and is similar to that described under Figs. 10, 11. The difference
being that the end of the excentric rod is attached to one end of the lever 01
instead of to the pin on the slide 88.
Sheet Fig 48 is a sectional plan, Fig. 11 a side view, and Fig. 15 a diagram,
all-illustrative of the above sixth head, part 6-; here the valve rod 02 is connected
at or near the centre of a lever 93, one end of which is connected-by-means-of-u
rod to the eccentric 94-fixed on the crank shaft-05, the throw of the excentric-is
opposite to that of the crank-96, the other end of the lever 03 is connected-by-a
rod-to-the-eccentric 97, which is loose on the crank-shaft 04-and-has its throw, us
shown, in-the-same direction as the crank, but is empuble of being turned in

page_text: advance in either direction. It will be seen that by altering the position of the
excentric 07, so as to turn in advance of the crank, the valve will receive motion
through the action of the lever 03 and the engines-will advance in the direction-in
which the excentric 07 has received its motion; on reference to Fig. 45 the effect
of giving an angle of advance to the excentric 07 will be seen. When the loose
excentric-hus-its throw in the same direction as the crank the valve receives no
motion. The said loose excentric may be actuated by hand or gearing. Fig. 46
is-a-diagram-illustrating how the valve rod may be connected to one end of the
lever, the-fixed-excentric or crank to the other end, and the loose excentric between
the two. In this case both the fixed and-loose-excentrics-have-their throw in the
same-direction as that of the crank, and are so proportioned that when parallel and
moving the end of the lever attached to the valve spindle remains-stationary, or
nearly so. If the loose-excentric-is-moved the engines follow the motion, us-above
described.
Under the seventh head I construct valves for use in steering engines of cylin-
drient or dise-shape, and form ports-or-passages-around the edge or cylindrient face
in such manner that the reciprocation or rotation of the said valves chall admit-and
ent off steam-or-elastic quid from the cylinder at the required and proper times.
Sheet-IV Fig. 47 is a cross-section, and Fig. 18 a sectional elevation, illustrative
of-n valve-constructed under the ceventh head of my Invention. 98 is-a-aylin-
drical valve-formed with recesses-99, and free to rock or rotate on the axle 100:
It-will-be-evident that the action of this valve-in-admitting and cutting off stemm
is similar to that of a common-dee-slide valve, and that motion either continuous
or-rocking may be imported to it by-means-of-suitable-gear-either by hand-or from
some-moving part of the enginee.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and illustrated the same
in such manner that others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect,
I claim,
Under the first part, apparatus or appliances constructed and operating sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
Under the second head, first, the combination--and-arrangements-of-parts;
operating substantially-us-and-for-the purposes set forth.
Second. The arrangement of purts in the manner and for the purposes net forth;
substantially as herein described.
Under the third-hend, constructing, arranging and operating--the-chain-wheel
or barrel, substantially as and for-the-purposen-set forth.
Under the fourth second head, screw and nut gear for giving motion to rudder
chains, constructed, arranged, combined, and operating substantially as set forth.
Under the fifth third head, first, valve apparatus-constructed, combined, und
operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.
Second Disengaging gear, constructed and operating substantially in the manner
and for the purposes set forth.
Under the sixth fourth head, reversing gear, constructed and operating substan-
tially as set forth.
Under the seventh head; constructing valves for steering engines in the manner
set-forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty first day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand night hundred and seventy nine.
GUSTAV A. C. BREMME. (L.S.)