IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James Perry, of the Lozells, in the
Parish of Aston-juxta-Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engine Turner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING."
Sealed the 23rd August 1853, and dated the 28th March 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas James Perry
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th March 1858.
I, THOMAS JAMES PERRY, of the Lozells, in the Parish of Aston-
juxta-Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engine Turner, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING" to be as follows:-
It consists, firstly, of a new method of constructing the movable
types used in printing, which consists in making the said types with
angular depressions on one side and similar elevations on the opposite
side, so that when the said types are set up they interlock with one
another. Fig. 1, represents a series of the said types, in which said
figure the shape of the types and their method of interlocking is illus-
trated.

page_text: Secondly, the said types are set up in columns and pressed longi-
tudinally by the screw b, Fig. 2, which screw works through the end of
the tray c, holding the said type; the tray c, is fixed on the cylinder d,
as follows: the end c', of the tray passes under the shoulder c, on the
cylinder d, and the wedge f, is brought on the end c", of the tray c, by
the screw g; the said tray is thus fixed longitudinally; it is fixed laterally
by the screws a, a, which compress and bind together a number of the
trays c, against a fixed longitudinal stop on the cylinder d, on the
side opposite to that where the screws a, a, are situated. Fig. 2,
represents one cylinder, half of the said cylinder being shown in plan
and half in section. The said cylinder carries four sides of a newspaper
or other work, being divided by a longitudinal and transverse division.
Thirdly, two of the printing cylinders are mounted horizontally in tho
following manner: immediately over one of the said printing cylinders
is situated a roller or pressure cylinder which presses the paper upon
the said printing cylinder, the said printing cylinder printing one side
of the newspaper or sheot; after passing from between this pair of
cylinders the said newspaper or other sheet passes between a second
pair of cylinders, the axes of which are parallel to the former, and in the
same horizontal plane, but in this last-mentioned pair of cylinders the
printing cylinder is the upper one and the pressure cylinder the lower
one of the pair. The cylinders are inked in the usual manner, and
paper is supplied to the machine in continuous sheets, the said paper
being divided after printing into suitable lengths by a cutter worked
from one of the shafts of the machine. My Invention is applicable to
the printing of calico and fabrics generally as well as paper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas James Perry, in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 22nd September 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, s
THOMAS JAMES PERRY, of the Lozells, in the Parish of Aston-juxta-
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engine Turner, send
grooting

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas James Perry, Her special
licence that I, the said Thomas James Perry, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas James
Perry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas James Perry, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas James Perry, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
Figure 1, represents an end elevation of a printing machine, con-
structed according to my Invention; Figure 2, represents the same
in plan; Figure 3, represents the same in vertical section, the said
section being taken through the line a, Figure 2; Figures 4, and 5,
represent portions of the same on a larger scale than Figures 1, 2,
and 3. My said Invention consists of a method of constructing the
moveable types used in cylinder printing, which said method consists in
making an angular depression on one side of each of the said types, and
a corresponding angular clevation on the opposite side of each, so
that when the said types are set up they interlock with one another;
Figure 5, exhibits a series of the said types, and illustrates their
method of interlocking by the angular elevation on one side of each

page_text: type, entering the angular depressions in the side of the adjacent
one; Figure 6, represents a single type constructed according to my
Invention. Although I prefer making the elevation and depression on
the opposite sides of the type of an angular form, as represented and
described, yet I do not confine myself thereto, as the said elevations
and depressions may be made of other figures with the like effect; and,
although I have found one such elevation and depression on the
opposite sides of each type to suffice for the perfect interlocking of the
said type, yet two or more such depressions and elevations may be
employed where thought necessary.
I fix the said type to the printing cylinders in the following manner;
that is to say, the said types are set up in columns, and each of the
said columns is put in a separate tray b, Figure 5; one of the sides of
which said trays has an angular depression, and the other side an
elevation, similar to the elevations and depressions on the sides of the
type the said depressions and elevations on the sides of the trays
engage in the elevations and depressions in the types; one of the
sides of each tray is fixed to the bottom of the same, the other side is
moveable. The said trays are marked b, in Figure 5, and the sides of
one of the said trays are indicated by the letters c, d. The column of
types is pressed and held together longitudinally in each tray by a screw
at one end, as shown at e, Figure 4. The trays containing the columns
of types are fixed on the cylinders in the manner illustrated in Figure 4;
which said figure represents in longitudinal section a portion of a printing
cylinder, constructed according to my Invention, with the types fixed
thereon. The ends f, of the trays b, engage under the shoulder, 9.
passing around the cylinder; and the ends h, of the said trays are bound
to the cylinder by a ring k, placed thereon; which said ring may be
fastened in its place in any convenient manner. The several trays are
pressed together laterally by the screws 7, (Figure 5,) which press and
bind a number of the trays against fixed longitudinal stops m, on the
cylinder; or, instead of attaching the type to the cylinders in separate
trays, each containing a column, I sometimes set up as much type as
will cover one sixth or one fourth of the circumference of the cylinder,
and bind the same together before fixing it on the cylinder; my method

page_text: of constructing and interlocking the type, herein-before described,
enabling me to do so with safety.
I combine and arrange printing cylinders in a printing machine as
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3. I mount two printing cylinders
horizontally, as shown at n, o, in Figures 1, 2, and 3. Opposite the
printing cylinders, and having their axes parallel to those of the
printing cylinders, are placed two pressing rollers p, q, covered with
any suitable yielding material. In one pair the pressing roller
is uppermost, and in the other pair the printing cylinder is upper-
most, as represented. Ink is supplied to the printing cylinders by
the rollers r. The printing ink is contained in the reservoirs s, from
which it passes by holes in their bottoms to the rollers t, and from
the said rollers t, to the rollers u, and from the rollers u, to the
rollers 7, by which the type is inked. The said rollers are pressed
against the printing cylinders by the spring v, (or, instead of a spring,
a weight may be used,) pulling down the arm or lever w; which said
arm or lever is connected with the rollers r, in a way which will be
understood by an examination of Figure 1. The inking rollers r, may
be disengaged from the printing cylinders by lifting the handle x. The
paper to be printed is supplied in continuous damped sheets from the
rollers Y; which said rollers are used alternately, one being supplied
with paper, while the other is delivering its paper to be printed. The
said paper is guided by tapes z, between the printing cylinders and
pressing rollers, one side of the paper being printed by the first printing
cylinder, and the other side by the second printing cylinder. The
tapes z, pass over the rollers 1, and the pressing rollers p, q, and motion
is given to them by the latter. After the paper has been printed it is
cut into proper lengths by passing between the roller 2, and the knife 3,
which said knife revolves upon the axis 4; by the revolution of the
said knife and the motion of the paper the said paper is carried by the
edge of the knife against the roller 2, and is cut off by being pressed
between the said edge and the said roller. The axis of the roller 2,
works in slots 5, in the uprights 6, (see Figure 1). 7, is the driving
shaft by which motion is communicated to the various parts of the
machine by trains of wheels, which I do not consider it necessary to

page_text: describe. My Invention is applicable to the printing of calico and
fabrics generally, as well as to the printing of paper.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, I wish it to
be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise method of
carrying my Invention into effect, herein described and represented in
the accompanying drawing, as the same may be varied without departing
from the nature of my said Invention; but I claim as my Invention the
constructing of printing types with angular or other elevations and
depressions on their opposite sides, so that the said types, when set up,
shall interlock by the said elevations engaging in the said depressions,
as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas James Perry, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Nineteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
THOMAS JAMES PERRY. (L.S.)
Witness, GEORGE SHAW.