Improvements in Photographic Cameras.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1897-Accepted, 2nd Oct.,
1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Photographic Cameras.
I, PHILIP KOSSUTH STERN, of 2201-3-5, Chestnut Street, Saint Louis, in the
State of Missouri, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention relates more particularly to that class of photographic camera
known as collapsible or folding camera, and it has reference to certain improve-
ments in the exposure and non-exposure chamber (or holder) in which the
sensitized material is retained and shielded from light; to the appliance for
indicating the division between the exposures, and to the manner of introducing
the sensitized material to the exposure chamber, and in general to various
appliances and mechanism for facilitating the operation and storage of the
sensitized material.
The object of my Invention is, First, to reduce the dimensions of the camera,
when folded within certain limits (without reducing its capacity or the dimensions
of the photographic negative obtained therefrom) to a greater extent than has
heretofore been accomplished in the old way; Secondly, to simplify the operation
of the camera by improving the facilities for the loading and discharging of the
sensitized material; and Thirdly, to simplify the general mechanical construction
of the camera throughout.
Various features of my Invention will be seen by referring to the annexed
drawings which form part of this specification.
Referring to the drawings, the camera therein shewn is intended for the pocket,
aud is of the fixed focus type.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the same in its open position and as used when
about to make an exposure. The dotted lines shew the same in a partly closed
position.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same, shewing the lens aperture, view finder,
and operating key.
Fig. 3 is a top plan view with non-exposure chamber cover and reels removed,
shewing the interior of the non exposure chamber.
Fig. 4 is a transverse section, taken on the line a, a, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of my improved camera, closed.
Fig. 6 is a detailed back view of the operating shutter somewhat enlarged, the
dotted lines showing the throw of the spring controlling arms during their cycle
of operation.
Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the holder and rolls carried thereby, showing in
dotted lines the backing sheet for the protection of the film, the end of which is
shewn inserted under the clip of the feed roll.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section taken on the line b, b, of Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged section of the roll-holder and non-exposure chamber.
Fig. 10 is a detailed view of the coupling disc, showing the manner of securing
الممل

page_text: Tig. 11 is a detailed plan view of the operating key connected to the rotating
spindle,
Fig. 12 is a top plan view of a spring friction washer.
Fig. 13 is an enlarged transverse section, taken on the line c, c of Fig. 7, of a
reel showing the manner of securing the backing sheet of the film to the same.
Fig. 14 is a side elevation of the releasing trigger operating in connection with
the shutter.
Fig. 15 is a vertical longitudinal section, taken on the line d, d, of Fig. 2,
showing the mechanical construction of the two chambers, and the manner of
securing the leather, the roll-holder, shutter and lens.
Fig. 16 is a plan view of the blank which forms the flexible portion of the
exposure chamber, and margins which form the hinges when the two chambers
are united. This figure also shews the lines along which the sections constituting
the walls of the exposure chamber fold when the camera is closed.
Fig. 17 is a transverse section of the non exposure chamber, corresponding to
Fig. 4, but showing more clearly the manner of uniting thereto the frame in the
rear of the exposure chamber.
Similar numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the drawings,
wherein :
1 is the exposure chamber formed preferably of leather, the top wall 2, and
lateral walls 3 of which, are formed by folding a blank, such as shown in Fig. 16,
along the lines 4 indicated by such figure. The extreme segments 5, illustrated
in said figure, when folded along the lines 6, form a wall directly opposite the
wall 2, and of equal dimensions therewith, giving a pyramidical form to the
chamber as best shewn in Fig. 15.
The wall formed by the segment 5 is made rigid by gluing to the exposed surface
thereof, a plate 7, preferably of wood. Secured to, and carried by, the free edge
of the rigid wall 7 is the transverse shutter plate 8, and adjacent to this plate and
secured also along the free edge of the rigid wall 7, and disposed midway between
the opposite ends of the shutter plate, is a lens plate 9, carrying a photographic
lens 10, as usual. A light-tight connection between the lens plate 9 and the
shutter plate
is established by interposing between said parts the upturned
edges 11 of the narrow ends of the segments 5 of the blank composing the exposure
chamber on one side, and by interposing on the other side, the converging extension
pieces 12, 12, and 13 of the segments 3, 3, and 2, respectively, the several parts
being firmly glued, or otherwise made to adhere, to one another.
The marginal portions of the expanded ends of the several segments composing
the leather blank of which the chamber 1 is formed, are secured to the rear frame 14
of the exposure chamber 1, about the opening 15 of said frame. The marginal
portions 15 of the segments 5 of the blank, thus form a hinge for the rigid wall
secured to the frame 14, which arrangement, coupled with the peculiar form of
the leather blank, enables me to fold the several parts about the hinge line, as
seen by the dotted lines, Fig. 1, into a more compact form, than any with which
I am at present acquainted.
Secured to the rear of the frame 14, is a block, preferably of wood, answering the
purpose of a holder or non-exposure chamber 16, as subsequently more fully
explained. This holder is provided with a series of parallel cylinders or
receptacles 19, open at bottom and extending a suitable distance through the body
of the holder, said receptacle being designed to retain in seclusion from light, a
spool 20 on which the sensitized photographic film is wound.
The holder 16 is further provided with terminal receptacles 21, open at top and
closed at bottom, and extending through the body of the block. One of these
receptacles is adapted to contain the feed, the other the supply recl. The film
passes from the reel contained in one receptacle to that of the other over the inner
surface of the holder 16, communication being effected with the said surface and
the receptacle 21, by a passage-way 22, approximately the full length of the
receptacle, and sufficient to accommodate the width of the film. 18, the inner edge

page_text: of the frame slightly overlapping the edge of the film and said opening 22
shielding the film reeled into the receptacle 21, from light, see Fig. 17.
The film 18 is provided with the usual backing 25 (when using day-light films)
which extends beyond its end, so that when wound upon its reel 20 the overlapping
free end of the backing extends the full width of the chamber between the passage
ways 22 and beyond this sufficient to wrap it around the opposite reel 20 and insure
a firm connection therewith. The supply reel is inserted into the receptacle 21,
the overlapping portion of the backing referred to, being inserted simultaneously
through the passage 22 communicating with the receptacles of said supply reel,
said portion being first bent or creased to conform with the turning at right angles
in the passage way 22. By this manner of insertion, the overlapping portion of
the backing is guided in the passage way 26 formed between the rear surface of
the holder and the upper transverse member of the frame 14. The receptacles 21
being open at top and communicating with each other in the manner already
indicated, afford a ready means for inserting the reel and the film with a minimum
of expenditure of time and labour. The free end of the overlapping portion of the
backing are cut convergingly at their sides, as indicated by the dotted lines
(Fig. 7), to allow the same to be seized by the clips 27 forming part of each reel.
These clips are formed by cutting away the cylindrical outer surface of each reel
lengthwise to a sufficient depth to admit of formation of the clips 27 between the
portions thus cut and the perimeter of the cylinder. In order to effect a connection
between the supply reel and feed reel, the former, with the overlapping portion
of the film backing, is inserted into the holder in the manner above described
until that part between the tapering edges which is sufficient in width to fill
the space between the bases of the clips comes approximately in line with the
passage 22 leading to the receptacle 21 designed to receive the feed reel when the
latter is held in position, above the said receptacle, and the tapering ends of
the backing are inserted between the clips of said reel, after which both reels thus
connected by the backing are simultaneously inserted into their respective
receptacles.
Upon rotating the feed reel it is obvious that the film will be wound thereon,
and correspondingly unwound from the supply reel, thus feeding the film across
the opening of the frame 14 at the rear of the exposure chamber 1, the backing
serving, in this instance, not only to effect connection for the film between the
two reels, but also to protect the film against abrasion during its passage over the
corners of the passages 22.
The reels 20 are conveniently operated by the following mechanism: Passing
axially through each reel, is a spindle 271, one end of which has a bearing 28, at
the bottom of the receptacle 21. Forming an integral part of the spindle 271, and
located above the terminal flange 29 of the reel, is a flanged coupling plate 30,
having a button hole 31 engaging a pin or button 32 on the flange 29 and so
forming a coupling between said flange and the plate 30 of the spindle. That
portion of the spindle beyond the button hole plate, passes through a tubular
bearing 33 carried by a transverse bar 34 which serves the purpose of a cover for
the open ends of the receptacle and passage ways 22, a light tight connection
between the holder 21 and said cover, as well as the frame 14, being effected by
rabbetting the connecting portions as shewn in Fig. 15.
Forming an integral part of the tubular bearing 33, is a cup 35 adapted, when
the parts are properly assembled, to embrace the coupling plate 30 thus partially
securing the exclusion of light that might otherwise find its way into the exposure
chamber 1. The spindle 271 extends somewhat beyond the tubular bearing 33,
the extension having a longitudinal groove 36 which serves as a keyway for the
tongue 37 of an operating key or chambered thumb-nut 38 by which the spindle
is adapted to be rotated. The movement of the said cup 35 along the groove 36 is
limited in one direction by the base of the circular groove 39 formed between the
outer wall of a washer 40 placed on the upper end of the tubular bearing 33 and
within the inner wall of the circular recess cut in the upper surface of the bar 34.

page_text: Interposed within the chamber of the thumb nut 38, and embracing the grooved
extension of the spindle, are one or more split frictional washers 40¹ the resiliency
of which is regulated by the adjusting nut 41 screwed upon the end 42 of the
spindle, thereby creating more or less friction between the several parts, as may be
required.
As the film is drawn across the rear of the exposure chamber by the rotation of
the feed reel, by means of the thumb nut and spindle (the coupling between the
spindle and reel being effected, as described, by by the coupling plate 30 and button
carried by the reel) the friction of the split spring washers between the respective
surfaces against which they bear, viz: the surface of the washer 40' and the base
of the chamber of the thumb nut 38 serves to overcome the unravelling tendency
of the elastic film, said tendency being further resisted by the friction between
the edge of the flange of the coupling plate 30 and the cup 35 against which it is
firmly pressed. As both reels are provided with these frictional washers 40', it
is obvious that the film will always remain taut.
In order to indicate the divisions between the several exposures, and to register
the ordinal of the same, I provide a combined indicator and registering device,
controlled by the supply reel in the following manner: Coupled to the grooved
projecting end of the spindle of the supply reel in a manner identical with that in
which the thumb nut 38 is coupled to its spindle, is an index disc 45, the outer
edge of which is provided with numerals from 0 to 6, and an index pointer or
arra 46, secured to the bar 34, co-operates with said numerals. The distance which
the said numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are spaced, must be ascertained by experi-
ment with a view towards preserving a constancy in the amount of the film to be
successively exposed.
Let us assume, for example, that when the supply reel is full and the free edge
of the overlapping portion of the backing that is to be wound upon the feed reel
has been inserted under the clips of the said reel, as previously described, the
pointer stands at a position which is marked 0. The feed reel is then turned
sufficiently to draw the film from the supply reel the necessary distance to effect an
exposure, at which point the index arm shall register with what shall be marked 1
on the index plate, it being understood, of course, from the proportions of the parts
as shewn on the drawings that a trifle less than two revolutions of the supply reel
have been completed to effect the unwinding of a sufficient length of film for one
exposure. To effect the second exposure, the supply reel must be turned a fraction
over two revolutions. At this point, the index plate shall be marked 2. The
necessity for this increased amount of rotation to ascertain the position of each
succeeding ordinal is apparent since, with every succeeding revolution of the supply
reel its diameter becomes reduced in proportion to the quantity of film unwound
therefrom. Consequently, in indexing each succeeding exposure, the supply reel
must be given an increasing number of turns by reason of the successive aminu-
tion of the circumference of the spool by which the length of each succeeding wrap
of the film is directly affected. To mark the ordinal for each of the succeeding
exposures from 3. 4. 5 and so on, the same method is resorted to, that is to say,
starting with the index arm, pointing to the ordinal which indicates any previous
exposure, the feed reel is rotated sufficiently to impart two revolutions and a
fraction thereof to the index plate (the fractional increment beyond two revolutions
of course being always increased in the determination of the ordinal of every
subsequent exposure for reasons previously stated), at which point the ordinal
for the next exposure is marked.
The transverse bar or cover 34 is firmly held in position on top of the holder 16
by a latch 47, pivotted to said bar, engaging the terminal shoulder of the post 48,
screwed to the upper surface of the holder, and passing through the body of the
said bar (see Figs. 2 and 15).
I will now proceed to describe the details of the shutter mechanism. The
shutter plate 8, has formed integral therewith, two inwardly projecting portions 49
and 50, respectively, a longitudinal space 51 separating the adjacent edges of said

page_text: portions. Adjacent to the folded portion 50 is a portion 52 deflected outwardly
from the surface of said plate, making an obtuse angle with its surface, i.e., when
the plate is in position on the camera, the said portion 52 is countersunk into and
forms a portion of the outer surface of the rigid wall 7. This portion 52 is
provided with a guide way 53 having ratchet teeth 54, the said way passing through
both the portion 52, and the wall 7, by which it is secured. Guided between the
folded portions 49, 50, and the inner surface of the plate S, is a wing 55 having
at one extremity tapering edges (not shewn). Secured to said wing 55 and adapted
to travel in the space 51 is a rib 56, one end of which, viz. that adjacent to the
tapering edges of the wing, is provided with a hook 57 the under surface of which
is adapted to be engaged by a spring controlled arm 58, the median portion of
which is wound about a headed pivot 59 secured to the plate 8, the other
extremity 58' of which arm is adapted to engage any one of the series of ratchet
stops or teeth 54 above referred to, the maximum tension being imparted to said
spring arm when the free end of the tension 58' is set against the stop furthest
removed from the pivotted pin 59; see Fig. 6. Secured to the plate 8, and inter-
posed between said plate and the arm. 58, is one end of a flexible trigger 60 having
an upwardly deflected portion 61 at its free end and serving as a thumb button
for depressing the same. Forming a part of the trigger, and disposed approximately
midway the length of the same, is a transverse ratchet tooth 62 which, prior to the
depression of the trigger, engages the arm 58 and prevents the same, which was
then under tension, from shifting the rib 56, and the wing of which it forms a
part. The wing, in its normal or closed position, covers the lens aperture 63 in
the shutter plate. Upon the depression of the trigger, however, and consequent
disengagement of the tooth 62 from the arm 58, the latter will suddenly throw
open the wing of the shutter, as indicated in the dotted lines Fig. 6. When the
wing has reached the extreme limit of its throw, the arm 58 becomes disengaged
from the hook 57 whereupon the wing 55 is instantly returned to its former
position by the free end of a spring 64. This spring is mounted on a pin 65, and
its tension can be regulated by engaging the arm 64 in one or other of a series
of lugs or lips 66 punched from the portion 49. The tension of the spring arm 64
is considerably less than that controlling the arm 58, so that the resistance offered
by the arm 64 to the opening movement of the wing is slight. It may be stated,
however, that it becomes sufficiently great to return the wing to its closed position
by the time the latter is released from its arm 58 by the outward movement of
which the spring arm 64 is moved back sufficiently to impart the necessary tension
thereto.
The free end of the arm 64 is kept in constant engagement with the end of the
rib 56 by means of the terminal groove 67 in which the said free end is adapted
to bear. The operation of the wing, as above stated, constitutes one instantaneous
exposure of the sensitized film. To re-set the shutter for any subsequent exposure,
the arm 58¹ is disengaged from the tooth 54 at which it has been set, and swung
about the pivot 59 through the slot or guideway 53, tilting back the arm 58 until
the latter is again brought into engagement with the tooth 62 of the trigger, by
which time the end of the arm 5S' will be at the extreme right of the passage way 53,
and the free end of the arm 58 will be in a position to engage with the hook of
the wing. The tension of the arm 58, is restored by turning the arm 58¹ back to the
original tooth. When the free end of the arm 581 is made to engage with the
tooth 54 furthest removed from the pivot 59, or that indicated by the position it
occupies in Fig. 6, the arm 58 will be under maximum tension, and when released
by the trigger 60 will throw the wing of the shutter suddenly open to the full extent,
when the free end of the arm will become wholly disengaged from the rib of the
wing, as indicated by the dotted lines shown to the extreme right, Fig. 6.
The operation of the shutter, through the movements of the various parts, as
described, causes the wing to vibrate across the lens aperture, and so effect an
instantaneous exposure of the film.
To make a time exposure, the arm 58¹ is set to one of the notches nearer the

page_text: pivotal point 59 whereby less tension is imparted to the controlling arm 58 while
in engagement with the trigger, and when the trigger is depressed and the
controlling arm released, the same will shift the wing, but not sufficiently far to
become disengaged from the hook thereof, thus preventing the return of the
wing by the weaker spring arm 64. The wing therefore remains open the
required number of seconds, but it does not uncover the entire aperture 63 and
only moves far enough to uncover the small aperture in the plate 68' when the
same is swung over the aperture 63, see Fig. 2.
In making a time exposure, the approximate position of the controlling arm 58
is that as indicated by the intermediate dotted position of said arm (Fig. 6). To
conclude the exposure, that is to say, to return the wing to its closed position, the
arm 5S is manipulated along its slot 53 until the free end of the controlling
arm 58 disengages the wing, when the latter is returned by the swinging arm 61
in the manner as already described.
The stop used in making the time exposure, so as to improve the definition of
the negative resulting from the exposure, consists, in the present case, of a
perforated plate 68' pivotted close to the edge of the opening 63, having a T-shaped
latch 69 adapted to engage the pin 70 when the stop is swung over the aperture 63,
and to engage a pin 71 when in a position in which it is not used, as shewn,
Fig. 2. In each position the heads of the respective pins 70, 71, serve to hold the
stop plate firmly against the shutter plate S, by reason of the springing action of
the aforesaid latch against the inner surface of the heads of the pins. Any number
of stop plates may be pivotted to the same plate, and in Fig. 2, two of such plates
are shewn superposed, the inner having an aperture 72 concentric with the
aperture of the plate 68, but somewhat smaller.
A. prismatic view finder, provided with a lens 73, is shewn in the drawings, as
is usual in hand cameras.
When I desire to make an exposure of the film lengthwise of the reel, I provide
a pivotted leg 74 to support the front end of the camera as shewn (Fig. 1). To
brace the apparatus, when open, I pivot to the deflected end of the plate 8 a
brace 75 having a notch 76 adapted to engage a pin 77 carried by the side walls
of the holder, and when the camera is folded together, as shewn (Fig. 5) the pin 77
snaps into the opening 771 of the brace thus firmly locking it.
One edge of the wall 7 is provided with a strip 78 adapted to overlap the edge
of the holder S when the camera is closed, and to protect the folded edges of the
leather of the chamber 1 when folded, it being understood that the brace 75
protects the leather on the opposite side, said brace being firmly held against the
holder by the clips 79, Fig. 5.
To protect the lenses carried by the shutter plate, and to enclose the several
parts, a flap 80 carried by the holder is adapted to be fastened by a catch S1 when
the camera is closed. It may be stated, in passing, that the receptacles which are
described as being open at bottom are adapted to be closed by a sliding plate 82,
sec. Figs. 1 and 15, operating in a grooved way at the base of the holder 16.
The several receptacles 19 form a magazine for storing a reserve of spools or
reels with film wound thereon.
In closing the camera, the sections 3 of the blank of which the side walls of the
chamber are composed, fold or collapse along the series of converging lines 83;
and the section 2 which forms the top wall of the chamber folds approximately
along the line 84. After the chamber is formed and the extensions 12, 12 and 13
of the original blank have been brought over and secured to the lens plate, the
material of these extensions is cut away sufficiently to register with the lens
aperture 63.
An inspection of the dotted positions of the receptacle and collapsible walls of
the chamber in Fig. 1 shews that as the rigid receptacle is swung in the direction
to close toward the rigid wall 7, the collapsible walls will fold inwardly so that the
same become fully protected by the rigid wall and receptacle hinged thereto; and
as the length of the receptacle is somewhat less than that of the rigid wall 7 the

page_text: shutter plate 8 carried at the end of the rigid wall 7, will lap over the swinging
edge of the receptacle, thus bringing the receptacle, upon complete closing of the
camera, between the shutter plate and the hinge line between the said receptacle
and the rigid wall 7. The camera thus closes to a compact form, and the collapsible
5 walls thereof become fully protected. The receptacle, of course, forms one of the
rigid walls of the camera chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim:
1. A photographic camera comprising an exposure chamber having foldable
flexible walls and hinged rigid walls, a lens situated at one extremity of said
chamber a receptacle for sensitized material at the opposite extremity of said
chamber, and a rigid wall hinged to said receptacle, the chamber being adapted
to collapse upon the angular approach of said receptacle towards the hinged rigid
wall, substantially as set forth.
2. In a photographic camera, an exposure chamber, formed by flexible walls
and hinged rigid walls, a lens situated at one extremity of said chamber, a rigid
receptacle for sensitized material at the opposite extremity of said chamber, and a
rigid wall hinged to said receptacle, the said chamber being adapted to collapse
upon the angular approach of the rigid receptacle towards the rigid wall hinged
thereto, substantially as described.
3. In a photographic camera, an exposure chamber formed by flexible walls and
hinged rigid walls, a lens at one extremity, a rigid receptacle for sensitized
material at the other extremity, spools adapted to be carried within the receptacle
for mounting said sensitized material, a shutter for the lens, and a rigid wall hinged
to said receptacle, the said chamber being adapted to collapse upon the angular
approach of the rigid receptacle towards the rigid wall hinged thereto, substantially
as described.
4. In a photographic camera, as above claimed, a roll of sensitized material
carried by the rigid receptacle, means for passing successive lengths of said material
over the surface of the receptacle adjacent to the exposure chamber, and a rigid
wall hinged to the receptacle and adapted to collapse in the manner hereinbefore
indicated, substantially as described.
5. In a photographic camera, the combination of an exposure chamber having
foldable, flexible and rigid walls, a rigid wall having a hinge at one extremity, a
lens plate at the opposite extremity a lens secured to the lens plate, and shutter
for the lens, with a receptacle for sensitized material secured to the hinge, said
receptacle having an opening for admission of the sensitized material to the exposure
chamber, together with means for securing such chamber in an open position,
substantially as described.
6. In a photographic camera, as before claimed, an exposure chamber having
collapsible walls and hinged rigid walls, a lens situated at one extremity of said
chamber, a receptacle at the opposite extremity thereof, for the reception of
sensitized material, a rigid wall, and a hinged connection between the receptacle
and the said rigid wall, the chamber being adapted to collapse upon the angular
approach of said receptacle towards the rigid wall, substantially as described.
7. A photographic camera consisting in the combination of a light excluding
envelope provided at one extremity with a lens having a shutter, and at the
opposite extremity with a receiver adapted to contain sensitized material, said
material being adapted to be exposed to light upon the operation of said shutter, a
rigid wall having an opening between the receiver and the said envelope, and
being hinged to a rigid wall of the latter at an extremity remote from the lens,
the said light excluding envelope being adapted to collapse upon the inward
swinging of the common wall and wall of said envelope upon their hinged junction,
substantially as described.
8. In a photographic camera, an exposure chamber formed by flexible and rigid
walls, said chamber having an opening, a cover for the opening, a lens situated

page_text: at one extremity of said chamber, a shutter for the lens, a rigid receptacle, for
the sensitized material, hinged to a rigid wall of the exposure chamber, the
receptacle having an opening for the admission of the sensitized material to the
exposure chamber, the latter being adapted to collapse upon the angular approach
of the hinged wall towards said receptacle, substantially as described.
9. In a photographic camera, an exposure chamber having rigid walls and
suitable collapsible walls, the latter being adapted to fold inwardly upon the
angular approach towards each other of the hinged rigid walls, a lens carried at
one extremity of said chamber opposite the hinge line between said rigid walls,
and a receptacle for sensitized material carried by or forming the rigid wall.
opposite that extremity of the chamber occupied by the lens, whereby, upon
collapse of said chamber, the receptacle will be disposed between the lens and
the hinge line of the rigid wall and the receptacle, substantially as described.
10. In a photographic camera, the combination with a collapsible dark chamber,
consisting in part of a flexible or pliable material, a rigid plate or frame internally
situated at one extremity and adapted to support the flexible material thereat, a
lens support for the plate, a lens, and a shutter for the lens, of an external rigid
plate or frame, connected to the said internal plate or frame, and adapted to
support the latter, a third rigid plate or frame situated opposite the said internal
plate or frame, and secured to the flexible or pliable material and to the external
plate or frame, the said flexible or pliable inaterial being adapted to form a
hinge at the junction of the rigid frames and flexible material, whereby upon
an angular inward movement of the said third frame and the external plate or
frame, the flexible part of the dark chamber shall fold inwardly, substantially
as described.
11. In a photographic camera, the combination with a roll-holder, having supply
and feed reels, of an adjustable and variable friction brake to restrain the rotation
of the said supply reel, substantially as described.
12. In a photographic camera, the combination with a roll holder, having supply
and feed reels, of a brake to restrain the rotation of said supply reel, and adapted
to be regulated from without the said roll holder, substantially as described.
13. In a photographic camera, a holder for the sensitized film, receptacles in
such holder, open at one end for the insertion of reels, a frame forming simul-
taneously the rear of the exposure chamber and the front of the receptacle carried
by said holder, the sides of the said frame being slightly removed from the inner
surface of the holder, whereby a suitable passage is formed between the sides
of the frame and the inner surface of the holder for guiding the film along the
inner surface of the holder, substantially as described.
14. In a photographic camera, a feed reel and a supply reel, a suitable film
adapted to be passed from one reel to the other, and independent means in
connection with each of the said reels for varying the tension on the film between
said reels, substantially as described.
15. In a photographic camera, a suitable exposure chamber composed of
collapsible and rigid walls, a hinge between two of the rigid walls, a lens located
at the free end of one of said rigid walls and adjacent to the collapsible walls,
the other rigid hinged wall opposite the lens being adapted to carry sensitized
material, substantially as described.
16. In a photographic camera, a shutter comprising a suitable guideway having
a longitudinal slot formed along one side of the same, a wing movable in said
guideway, a rib forming a part of said wing and operating in said slot,
a hook at one end of said rib, a controlling tension spring-arm adapted to
bear against the under surface of the hook, an extension arm for said spring-arm
adapted to be set to any position so as to adjust the tension imparted to the
spring arm, a releasing device for the spring-arm upon the operation of which
the spring arm shifts the wing in one direction, and a variable tension spring
arm bearing normally against the outer surface of the hook and adapted to shift
the wing back to its normal position, substantially as described.

page_text: 17. In a photographic camera, a sliding shutter having a suitable guideway, a
wing movable within the same, a spring controlled arm for operating said wing
in one direction, an extension for said arm, suitable ratchet teeth for setting
the extension to different positions and varying the tension of the controlling
arm, whereby a variable throw can be imparted to the wing according to the
nature of the exposure desired, and independent of the spring controlled arm. for
restoring the wing to its normal position, substantially as described.
18. In a photographic camera, a suitable blank comprising a series of con-
verging sections adapted to form the top, sides, and bottom of the exposure chamber,
such blank, being adapted to fold along lines separating said sections, the said
walls being collapsible and the side walls adapted to fold or collapse along a
series of converging lines meeting approximately at the centre of the wall, and
the top wall, adapted, when the exposure chamber is folded, to collapse along a
right line running transversely to the general length of the section forming the
same, substantially as described.
19. In a photographic camera, a suitable blank composed of a series of con-
verging sections adapted to form the walls of the exposure chamber, and suitable
covering extensions forming a part of the sections composing the top and side
walls of the chamber, a lens plate for the exposure chamber, said extensions
being adapted to be folded over and secured to the outer wall of the lens plate,
substantially as described.
20. In a photographic camera, a suitable blank comprising a series of con-
verging sections adapted to form the top and sides of the exposure chamber, said
blank being, adapted to fold along lines separating said sections, the said walls
being collapsible and the side walls adapted to fold or collapse along a series of
converging lines meeting approximately at the centre of the wall, and the top
wall adapted, when the exposure chamber is folded, to collapse along a right line
transversely to the general length of the section forming the same substantially
as described.
21. In a photographic camera, a shutter comprising a guideway having a longi-
tudinal slot formed along one side of the same, a wing movable in said guideway,
a rib forming a part of said wing and operating in said slot, a hook at one end
of said rib, a controlling tension spring-arm adapted to bear against the under
surface of said hook, an extension arm for said spring-arm, a releasing device
for the spring-arm upon the operation of which the spring arm shifts the wing
in one direction, and a suitable tension spring arm bearing normally against
the outer surface of the hook and adapted to shift the wing back to its normal
position, substantially as described.
22. My improved collapsible or folding photographic camera having its parts
constructed, arranged, and combined to be operated substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn with reference to the annexed drawings.
Dated this 24th day of droust 1907
Dated this 24th day of August 1907.
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London and 5A, Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.