IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SETTING AND DISTRIBUTING TYPES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SETTING AND DISTRIBUTING TYPES." A communication from
abroad by Samuel Worcester Green, of New York City, in the United States of
America
Sealed the 16th May 1876, and dated the 24th March 1876.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Bristow Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1876.
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SETTING AND DISTRIBUTING
TYPES." A communication to me from abroad by Samuel Worcester Green, of New
York City, in the United States of America.
This Invention which relates to improved machinery or apparatus for setting and
distributing types will for the sake of clearness be described under two divisions;
the first comprehending the type setting apparatus, and the second the type
distributing apparatus.
The object of the first division of the Invention is the arranging and constructing
of a type setting machine or apparatus, which will set up type in a line, letter by
letter, as the keys upon a key board are successively touched, and which will make
up the matter in column as it is set up.
This machine or apparatus as exhibited in the first twenty Figures of the
accompanying five Sheets of Drawings, inay be divided into two parts, which are
capable of being used independently of each other, and which constitute a perfect
type setting machine when brought into co-operation as herein-after fully explained.
The first of these parts performs the office of separating single types from separate
rows of types in a case in which they have been placed, and arranging them in a
line properly composed for making up into a column; and the second of these parts
relates to the apparatus for automatically making up into a column the line of type
which has been set by the setting apparatus.
On Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 represents a side elevation
of the machine from the right side as the operator sits before it.
Figure 2, an elevation of the machine from the opposite side.
Figure 3, a plan of the machine looking upon it from the top.
Figure 4, a front elevation of it.
77

page_text: Figure 6 a longitudinal detail section; and Figures 7, 8, and 9, represent views
of the plunger rod and its actuating mechanism in different positions of their
operation.
And on Sheet 2 Figures 10 to 14 represent views of the line forming mechanism
in different positions of its operation; and Figures 15 to 20, views of the column
forming mechanisms in different positions of their operation.
In these various Figures the same Figures and letters indicate like parts.
The frame of the machine is marked A and W, and the various permanent
stanchions for supporting the working parts are marked D, I, J, and G. The form
of these permanent stanchions is only material so far as it enables them to support
the working parts in their various relative situations, and may be arranged to suit
the constructor. The driving wheel B, with its shaft E and F, is shown as
mounted upon the frame of the machine; but the machine may be driven by a belt
taken from a pulley, driven in the ordinary way in which machinery is operated.
H represents a case of types which is composed of parallel channels or grooves, deep
and wide enough to contain each a single row of types of any required size. These
types are arranged so that they lie upon each other, side upon side, with their faces
to the operator. In Figures 1, 4, and 6 d represents the types in such a caso.
The Drawings show only four rows or channels of types, but any required number
may be worked together in the machine therein exhibited. This case is supposed
to have been filled by the type distributing machine herein-after described, but it
may be filled by hand, if so desired.
When a type distributing machine is used in combination with the type setting
machine, the case is so constructed as to fit both machines so that the same case may
be moved from one machine to the other, as it is alternately filled and emptied.
In Figure 1 this case H is shown as clamped into position by the clamp b which is
worked upon the shaft a, and is supported by the brackets G. The case H being
thus introduced behind the guide bar W¹, has the lower extremity of the open front
ends of its type channels closed thereby, and a glass plate Ju resting upon this
guide bar W, and against the stanchions G, Figure 3, against which the case H
bears, reaches to the top of the channels, and with the guide bar W₁ completely
covers the front ends of the said type channels, and as the operator sits in front of
the machine with this glass plate before him he is enabled to observe the amount
of type left in the channels of the case as he operates the machine. The bottom
ends of the channels in the case as it stands upright are closed by a plate B
Figure 6, of a length equal to the width of the case H, and extending from the back
end of the case or foot of the types towards the face of the types, about or a little
exceeding one half their length, and which prevents them from falling out of the
case as it is turned up on end, and upon this plate the types in the case are
supported. Through the back of the case, and immediately above this bottom plate
is a slot o, large enough to permit a plunger m to pass through it in the operation
of expelling the lowest type in the channel. The guide bar W₁ which extends
length wise across the lower front end of the type case H, is recessed or slotted, as
shown in Figure 4, in front of each of such channels, to a height just sufficient to
allow one only of the appropriate type to pass out when thrust forward by the
plunger m, as herein-after described. The case thus constructed being set up in
the machine the opening at the bottom of each channel will coincide with a slot in
the guide bar W₁, and will be in the line of motion of a plunger m¹¹¹, of which
there are as many as there are channels in the type case.
The type plunger is composed of a narrow tongue of steel or other metal,
supported upon and making part of a slide m¹¹, so arranged in the machine that it
can move forward far enough to expel a type from the bottom of the case, and be
brought backward far enough to be withdrawn from the case, so that the row of
type, which may be depressed by a metal slug 51, will fall to the bottom of the
channel, supplying continually, so long as the type lasts, a single type at the bottom
of each channel, to be expelled as required.
The operation of expelling a type is as follows:--Each slide m carries a tumbler ç

page_text: pivotted to it so as to have a short vibration. This tumbler when held by its
spring in a notch in the frame of the machine locks its slide m¹¹, as shown in
Figure 1, which is its position of rest; and when it is desired to bring a slide into
action, its tumbler is engaged with a moving clutch bar L" (Figures 1, 6, and 3,)
which has a groove in it transverse to the line of motion of the slides, and is long
enough to reach over any number of slides that may be employed in the machine,
as in Figure 3. It is connected by the sliding rod V with the roller U, which runs
upon the cam U' on the main shaft E of the machine. This cam U is an ordinary
eccentric circle, giving a crank reciprocating motion to the sliding rod V and the
clutch L, and may be substituted by a crank. The sliding rod V with its roller U
is drawn forward by the spiral spring S" which holds the roller U in contact with
the cam U, and as the cam revolves causes the rod V, with the clutch bar L¹ to
move forward towards the front of the machine as far as the eccentricity of the cam
will permit; and as the shaft revolves the cam carries the whole apparatus back-
ward again to the position shown in Figure 1..
с
When this sliding rod V is moved backward and forward as described, if a
tumbler e is in the position shown in Figure 1, no effect will be produced upon
the
slide m to which it is attached; but if a tumbler e is raised as shown in Figure 6,
so that its projecting upper end enters into the groove in the clutch bar L", the
movement of the clutch will be communicated to the slide m carrying that
tumbler e, which will be moved forward to the extent of the movement of the
clutch, which is far enough to make the plunger m¹ enter the slot o in the bottom
of the channel of the case, and drive out a type far enough to effect the purpose
intended. The keys of the machine used to indicate the letters are marked f, and
are at one end of levers g, the other end of each of which is a vertical rod k resting
upon and connected with the lever g, the upper end of which rod reaches the
bottom of the tumbler e, and when the key is pressed downwards by the finger the
tumbler e is elevated and engages with the clutch bar L", as in Figure 6, for
the purpose abovo described. The hollow driving shaft J¹ which revolves around
the main shaft E is constantly driven by the pulley C, but the cam U¹ is not
moving with it until it is desired to expel a type and a key has been depressed,
when it revolves once and comes to rest until the key is again touched.
The way in which that effect is produced is as follows:-The cam U¹, see
Figures 7, 8, and 9, is fast on the main shaft E which also carries a clutch wheel U¹¹
in running contact with a ratchet wheel T fast on the shaft J'. The clutch
wheel U may be engaged with the ratchet wheel T by means of a pawl T,
which is centred at 2 on the clutch wheel, and is armed at one end with a toe 8
which projects through a mortise in the clutch wheel, overlies the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, and may be forced into contact therewith by means of a spring 3
(Figures and 7) for that purpose, when the other end of the pawl T¹ is liberated
from the prong S, herein-after described. A lever R which carries on one end
a plate V branching at right angles and overlying disks on the rods k vibrate
around a centre R, and has two prongs upon it S and R³, and is held up in the
position shown in Figures 1 and 7 by the spring S In this position one end
of the pawl T bears against the prong S, and thus the toe 8, Figure 7, is supported
out of engagement with the ratchet wheel T, thus permitting the shaft J¹, and the
ratchet wheel it carries to revolve freely without actuating the shaft E from which
the setting mechanism is operated. As the ratchet wheel T revolves it will only
actuate the clutch wheel U₁ so long as the toe 8 of the pawl T is engaged with the
ratchet wheel T, during which time the end of that pawl is revolving with the shaft ;
but when the revolution of the clutch wheel has brought one end of the pawl T
into contact with the prong S, the other end of the pawl carrying the toe 8 is
lifted out of engagement with the ratchet wheel, and the clutch wheel U along with
the eccentric cam U with which it is connected is stopped, the ratchet wheel and
hollow shaft revolving without interruption. When a key is pressed at the same
time that the tumbler e is engaged with the clutch bar L¹ the lever R is raised by
the disk v¹, which projects from the rod k and the prong S of the lever R is

page_text: depressed, as in Figure S, and consequently releases the pawl T, whose toe 8 is
then forced by the spring into engagement with the ratchet wheel T. The effect
of this movement is to couple the ratchet wheel T with the eccentric cam U, and
set the latter in revolution, which will be kept in action and will, through the
sliding rod V expel as many type of the denomination whose key is touched as
there are revolutions of the clutch wheel while the finger is kept upon the key;
but if the finger is quickly removed from the key but one type will be expelled,
and the lever R will be returned to its normal position, and the ratchet wheel T
and cam U¹ will be uncoupled as follows:-The upper prong R³ of the lever R
moves therewith, and as the key elevates one end of the lever the end of
the prong R approaches the periphery of the clutch wheel U upon which a pro-
jection or cam is placed, which coming into contact with the end of the prong R³
forces back the lever so as to bring the prong S into position for engaging the pawl
and stopping it at the end of a single revolution. In doing this it also forces down
the rod and raises the depressed key funder the finger, and consequently but
one type letter will pass unless the finger be pressed down again upon the key
after it has been raised by the action of the machine to its ordinary position, as
described.
In the front of the machine and below the type case is the guiding apparatus for
conducting the types into the race where the line is to be composed (see Figures 4
and 6). This apparatus consists of an inclined back plate K fixed to the frame of
the machine, upon which partitions are set up a little higher than the thickness of
the thickest type to form conducting grooves for the types. There are as many of
these grooves in the back plate as there are channels in the case used on the
machine; and they are arranged so as to lead the type all into one single passage
way at the bottom of the back plate, and immediately over the race or channel
into which the types are to be dropped.
Figure 4 shows this arrangement of partitions for four denominations of type,
but the number may be increased and suitable arrangement made for larger numbers
of denominations of type. A glass plate G is slipped in and held against the
partitions by suitable clamps 50 and becomes the bottom to the whole series of
grooves, making each groove a complete closed channel. Supported upon the
surface of this inclined glass plate the types readily slide down to their destination,
and the channels thus made lead the separate types one by one to the common
passage, out of which they all pass from this inclined guiding apparatus.
It is not necessary that a type letter ejected from the case should travel the
whole distance of its channel upon the inclined glass plate and reach the race before
another letter can be ejected; but although two or more letters may be upon their
way from the case to the race at the same time they will arrive at the race in the
same order in which they are ejected from the case.
This construction of the guiding apparatus avoids the defects of previous con-
structions. If the guiding apparatus be made vertical it is difficult to drop the
letters properly into it, and their impetus is such as to batter them; if it is inclined
the surface on which the types slide must be hard and smooth, and they must be
strictly confined on all sides. Types in actual use gather dirt from electrotyping,
stereotyping, or letterpress printing, and the channels through which they pass will
receive and accumulate this dirt and become clogged so as to arrest the passage of
the types, and therefore should be so made as to be easily and quickly cleaned.
Channels with fixed bottoms are hard to clean as their corners are not easily
accessible. No practical use has heretofore been made of glass as a surface on
which the type may slide on account of the difficulty of forming guiding partitions
upon it, as is exemplified in the Letters Patent, No. 1769, A.D. 1860, in which pins
pass through holes made in a glass bed plate and hold glass strips which form
partitions between the bed plate and a glass cover, but in the present construction
three sides of the channels are permanently fixed to the machine, the bottom or
fourth side being formed by the removable plain glass plate with its smooth, hard,
and unbroken surface. The operator can see the types as they slide down upon

page_text: this inclined glass plane, and if by any accident the type should stick he can at
once observe it, and by simply removing the glass plate the arrested types will fall
out, when the plate can be immediately replaced and the operation proceed. This
glass plate has the advantage of having a smooth polished surface upon which the
types readily slide, whereby the facility of the operation is very much increased,
and from this hard and smooth surface when the glass plate is removed the
accumulating dirt can be easily and quickly wiped, and the exposed outer edges of
the fixed partitions cleaned without the difficulty inseparable from getting into
corners not readily reached.
At
When the plunger ml expels a type from the bottom of the channel in the
case the face end of the type is driven forward far enough to rest on the upper
rounded edge of the glass plate G before the opposite or bottom end of the type
has been driven off from the front edge of the bottom plate B of the case.
that moment the type is supported with one end resting on the upper edge of the
glass plate G, and with the other end resting on the bottom plate B, and as the
plunger m drives it still further forward the bottom end drops over the edge of
the plate B and the type falls with its bottom or foot downward and with its
side resting upon the surface of the glass plate C, down which it slides freely to
the race below. By this operation the type is kept with the bottom or foot down,
and the same side against the plate all the way from its position in the case till it
reaches the race Us in which the line is composed, see Figures 6 and 10.
In Figure 1 the type marked 12 is shown in the act of falling out of the case and
before it has reached the inclined surface of the glass plate. Its outward or face
end is resting its flat side upon the edge of the glass plate, which being straight
keeps the type from turning as it falls.
When the plunger is driving out the type the friction on its surfaces produced by
the weight of the superincumbent row of types and of the said slugs 51, used also
in the case channels to press down the types, prevents the type which is being
forced out from flying out under the rapid impulse given to it by the plunger, and
when the face end reaches the support of the glass plate and the bottom end of the
type is moved far enough to fall off from the edge of the plate B the weight of
the column of type upon it suddenly permitted to descend gives the moving type
an impulse which carries down its bottom end into the position shown at 12 and so
prevents it from being driven out of the machine endwise across the edge of the
glass plate.
When the type drops off from the lower extremity of the glass front plate above
described they fall into a race just wide enough for a line of type, and as each type
falls into the race it is pushed forward by a follower so as to make room for the
next type which may fall. This race may be extended and curved out of the way
of the finger board of the machine, and a line of type may be pushed out, into, and
through such a channel to any length desired, all that is needed being a slug of
metal in the channel against which the type may rest and be kept upright.
"
If it is desired to have the type delivered in a continuous line, to be made up by
hand afterwards, a groove or "stick may be made as suggested, and when it is
filled it may be removed and an empty "stick" replaced, so as to receive the matter
as it is set up, but if it is desired to make up the matter into column and lead it
this apparatus will perform that office automatically.
Upon the main shaft E is a double cam C", which gives two (or more if desired)
vibrations at a single revolution to the lever p, and which may be made to rotate
with the shaft J¹ continuously, or only when the cam U is in action. The object
of this cam is to give a reciprocating motion to a follower t', which pushes the line
along as the types are fed in, and any arrangement connected with the prime mover
of the machine that will give such a vibrating motion to that follower will answer
the purpose. This follower is drawn backward by the lever pl operating on the
pin or roller q, which is attached to the follower by a pivot, and it is driven for-
ward by the spiral spring S, which holds the roller q in contact with the lever.
The front end of this follower enters the type race U³, Figure 10, and reaches far.

page_text: enough when in its advanced position to pass by the delivery aperture of the
guiding apparatus formed by the glass plate and back plate, and when it is with-
drawn leaves an opening in the race large enough for the type to fall into as it drops
off from the lower edge of the glass plate. In advancing once this follower pushes
the line of type as far as it goes, and when it advances again if no new type has
been dropped into the race it produces no further effect upon the type already there,
but if a type has been dropped in, whatever may be its thickness, the follower
pushes the entire line along a distance equal to the thickness of that type. This
type race ends at 52, where the type are delivered out of it into a "galley "G,
Figures 10 to 14. As the type are pushed out of the race by the follower they
press against the vertical surface of the slide rest, which is as wide as the race
and at right angles to the bottom of the galley. This slide rest u¹¹ is held against
the advancing type by the weight X, which is connected with the slide rest by the
rod c¹, which moves with the slide rest, and which operates on other parts of the
machine to be described. The slide rest has also a friction clutch f³ in it, by which
it is made to adhere to the bar g¹¹, on which it slides with friction enough to
prevent the weight X from drawing it backward after it has been pushed forward
by the line of type driven by the follower as before described. This friction clutch
is so arranged that at a certain time and manner, hereafter described, it is tem-
porarily released, so that the weight X will draw the slide rest ull up to the position
shewn in Figures 1, 10, and 11, and when it reaches that position the friction clutch
will again seize the bar and come into action, and will continue to act until it is
again suspended for the purpose of returning the slide rest to its original position.
This friction clutch f5 is simply a lever hung in the slide rest u¹¹, and forming a
part of the top of that rest, but capable of being pressed down upon the bar gll on
which the slide rest moves. Its lower surface in contact with the bar should be
covered with leather. A spring e¹¹, one end of which is firmly fixed in the slide
rest u, and the other end of which is pressed downward on a pin in the end of
the friction f, gives the necessary pressure thereto. The tension of this spring
may be increased until the friction it creates is sufficient to prevent the slide rest
from being drawn back by the weight X so long as the friction clutch is in operation.
When this friction clutch is lifted at its outer end against the tension of the spring,
a bolt f, whose upper surface is properly recessed, is run under it by means of the
spring, and it is held up thereby so as not to press upon the bar gl. The other
end of this bolt passing through the slide rest projects beyond its inner face, and
when the weight X draws the slide rest up to the position shown in Figures 1, 10,
and 11, the projecting end of this bolt comes in contact with a stud S7, and the bolt
is driven back, allowing the friction clutch again to act. Thus the friction clutch is
alternately acting and suspended.
When a line of type has been deposited in the race and pushed down against the
slide rest until there is enough to make one line of a column, the machine
detaches this line and makes it up into a column in a galley in the following
manner: When the slide rest has been driven down by the accumulated type to a
position about half way across the inner end of the galley G5, if that is the length
of the line desired, there will be a line of type partly in the race and partly in the
galley, one end of which is supported by the slide rest, and the other end of which
has been pressed by the follower t', as already described (see Figure 12). There is
then required to be effected the moving of this line of type lengthwise entirely
out of the race into the galley, and afterwards the moving of it sideways out of
the way of the next line which is to come in its place. To accomplish this purpose
another follower h³ (see Figures 1, 6, 13, 14, and 15), in addition to the one which
has the reciprocating motion already described, is provided. The end of this
follower h when at rest comes only as far down the type race as the end of the
follower t, when the follower is withdrawn to the utmost by the double cam C".
It is mortised in the follower t, and occupies a portion of the height of the race in
which the follower t'is working, and the mortise in the follower t'is open at the
front end for the purpose of permitting the follower h³ to reach the line of type

page_text: when it is in its turn projected forward. This second follower h³ is connected by
rod with a bell crank i, which is operated through a connecting rod m by a
lever p', which is driven by a cam M on a shaft M. The lever p¹ is held in con-
tact with the cam M by a spring y, so that it is returned by that spring after it
has been pushed out by the cain. The manner in which this second follower is set
in action is as follows:-Upon a rod c¹ connected with the slide rest ull is a
plate x, which carries on its inner face a cain w11, the office of which is to set in
action the apparatus for setting the line and making it up in column. This cam
is adjustable upon the rod c¹ at any desired point by a set screw or similar means,
according to the length of the line required. When the slide rest has been forced
down the desired distance the point of the cam 111 comes in contact with the end
of a lever n, which is attached to a rock shaft ¹¹, upon which is an arm 61, which
moves with it.
When the cam will has gone far enough to raise the lever n the
arm b will have been raised far enough to have come under the prong S, as in
Figure 1, and to act as a detent to prevent a key from being depressed. The
object of this is to suspend the setting apparatus while the line of type is being
moved out of the race and brought into the galley. A lever 11 on the end of the
rock shaft is thereby moved to release a pawl which connects the worm wheel O
on a hollow shaft M¹ with cams M and N on the shaft M" in the same manner as
already described for the clutch wheel U and ratchet wheel T on the main shaft E
(Figures 2 and 15).
The worn wheel O is in constant action, being fast on the hollow shaft M", and
It carries with it
is driven by a worm P on the shaft J in the usual manner.
only a ratchet wheel R into which a pawl on the clutch wheel c engages when the
lever is depressed, thereby liberating the end of the pawl and permitting its toe
to take a tooth on the ratchet wheel. When the shaft M¹ is thus coupled to the
hollow shaft M and begins to turn, carrying with it the two cams M and N,
the operation of separating the line of types begins also, and in one revolution of the
shaft M the line of type has been moved forward into the galley, leaded, and
moved sideways out of the way of the next line of type in the manner now to be
described.
As the plate all attached to the slide rest rod c¹ carries the cam will forward, the
latter engages underneath the point of the lever n, which it raises and with it
through the shaft x¹¹, the arm 6111 which it supports under the prong S as before
described. These positions of the lever n and arm 6111 are maintained until the end
of the lever n has passed off from the rear end of the cam w, and been drawn
again by a spring 88 into the position shown in Figures 1 and 10. The effect of this
operation of the cam is, first, to stop the revolution of the shaft M", which is done
by restoring the lever to the position shewn in Figures 2 and 15; secondly, to
remove the arm 61 from under the prong S, as in Figure 1, so that the keys can be
again operated, it being desirable to suspend the action of the machine only while a
temporary rest is being brought into position to receive the type delivered into the
race. While the rod c¹ is being drawn back again by the weight X into the
position shown at Figures 1, 10, and 11, the cam will permits the end of the lever n
to pass above it through a spring gate, or other analogous contrivance for switching
off the motion of the cam, so that when the return movement of the rod c¹ is
The action of the
finished, the cam w will again be under the end of the lever n.
keys is thus suspended for the least possible time, and the shaft M™ cannot make
more than one revolution while a single line of type is being deposited in the
galley. The first part of this operation of depositing a line of type is performed
by the follower hs, driven from the cam M through the intermediate bell crank i
as already described. This follower forces forward the line of type together with
the slide rest ull, until the latter reaches the end of the bar g at the end of
the galley, as in Figures 13 and 14, where the top of the line of type is sup-
ported on one side against the bar g, and on the other against a gauge bar d', as
in Figures 16 and 17, the lower end of the line of type being supported against a
"lead," and upon the bottom of the galley as herein-after described. This gauge

page_text: bar dis carried upon two arms which are centred on pins on each side at the
rear end of the galley and which by being elevated at the appropriate time lift the
gauge bar from the galley. When the line of type has been thus driven to
the proper position in the galley, the cam N operates a lever Q, Figures 15, 16,
and 18, which is fast on a rock shaft Z, and pressed against the periphery of the
cam by a spiral spring c¹¹ attached to an arm " (Figure 3), causing the end of the
lever to follow the curves of the cam N as it revolves. These curves are shaped
so as to permit the end of the lever Q to move in and out during less than one
third of the revolution of the cam N. Pivotted on an arm Y which is also fast on
the rock shaft Z is a sliding bar a¹¹ running across to the end of the lever u.
111
When the rock shaft Z is vibrated by the lever Q following the cam N, the lever
u is moved so that it lifts the arm di which carries the gauge bar d, and by that
means the latter is raised out of the way of the line of type, which can then be
pushed sideways into the galley. On this sliding bar there is a plate oll,
Figure 15, in which is cut a curved slot (performing the office of a cam), and which
is shown in full and in dotted lines in Figure 16 with a pin bt on a lever resting
in its upper end. The shape of this slot is such that as the bar a" is withdrawn,
while the lever Q is travelling on the cam N from the point 60 to the point 61, the
lever which is centred on a shaft al is rapidly depressed at its upper end and
elevated at its lower end o1, where it is attached to a thin plate of metal pas
long as the width of the galley, and which is raised by the action of the lever ¹¹
Above this lever and below the plane of the bottom of the galley is a box x¹,
Figure 17, in which strips of metal for separating lines of type in columns
technically called "leads" are placed. A follower all driven by a weight
suspended by a cord over pulleys presses these leads forward as the front one is
lifted out of the box by the plate 2. The bottom of this box has a slit in it to
permit the plate p to rise through it; when it does rise one of the leads being on
the top of it is carried up with it so far that its upper edge is above the bottom
of the galley, and rests against an offset on the under surface of the slide rest,
as in Figure 17, where it is held by the plate and forms a guide surface for
the lower end of one side of the line of types, the cam in the sliding bar a" being
so shaped as not to move the lever while the bar is being withdrawn still
further. When the lead has reached the position thus described a lever el forces a
plunger 11 against the lead which has just been clevated, and the line of type is
thereby moved outward into the galley. This lever c¹ is centred at 10 and has an:
arm 66 hanging down, as seen in Figures 16 & 20. On the sliding bar al are
two pins 6+ and 65 between which the lower end of the arm GG hangs, and through
which the slide all vibrates the lever c111 As the bar al is withdrawn while the
end of the lever Qis travelling from point 61 to point 62 of the cam N, the pin 65
comes in contact with the arm 66 of the lever after the lead has been raised as 4
described, and the lever cll is brought forward carrying with it the plunger 11,
which presses against the lead and moves the line of type as described. At the
same time the extreme end of the lever c¹ at S¹ runs under the friction clutch f
and elevates it out of contact with the bar gl, when it is caught up and held
by the spring bolt f as already described, thus releasing the friction which holds
the slide rest u in any position where it may be left on the bar g. As the
motion progresses the lever Q travels from point 62 to point 63 on the cam N is
again pressed outward and the reverse of the movements last described occurs, the
gauge bar is dropped into the galley and over reaches the line of type which has
just been pushed forward, and bears upon the face of the lead which has been
moved forward with the line of type, as in Figure 19, the lead elevating plate is
lowered to its original position, and the column of lead is pressed forward by the
follower all, the plunger which moves the line of type into the galley is withdrawn,
and the weight attached to the slide rest u" being no longer counteracted by the
friction clutch draws the slide rest into the position shown in Figures 1, 10, and 11, 5
where coming in contact with the stud S7 the bolt which suspended the friction
clutch in the slide rest is tripped from under that clutch, and the spring forces the

page_text: friction clutch into contact with the bar g¹¹, where it remains during the repeated
operation until again elevated.
As considerable time is occupied in making the one revolution of the shaft M
which effects all these movements the machine is so organised that the setting
apparatus may continue to be operated while the movements last described are
being performed, and a part of this mechanism is arranged for the purpose of
enabling the machine to be worked while the line of type is being put into column.
In order to do this it is necessary to have a rest against which the type can be
driven by the follower as they are delivered from off the glass front plate into the
race, and as the slide rest is not available for that purpose a temporary rest must
be substituted until the slide rest has been returned to the position shown in
Figures 1, 10, and 11. This is accomplished by means of an apparatus which
places a rest f" in the race U5. After the follower has driven out the line
of type a vibrating rock shaft is centred upon the frame of the machine, as
shown in Figures 10, 11, and 12, and has two arms,, projecting in opposite
directions. A rod s is attached to the arm 2, and a rod is attached to the
arm On the rod s at ³ is a projecting stop, and on the plate all connected
with the rod c¹ is a pin h which is in the same plane with the projection ³. As
the rod e moves with the motion of the slide rest u as already described, the
pin comes in contact with the projection ³ and carries the rod s along with it,
vibrating the rock shaft slowly. On the outer end of the rod s is a cam
projection passing through an opening in the stanchion I, and when the rod s
has been carried far enough to bring the cam projection q into the opening through
which the rol passes, the shape of that cam projection depresses the rod s and
permits the pin to pass over the projection, and release the rod 8111 without
carrying it any further. In this position the rod s on the arm has been carried
in the opposite direction from that in which the rod 8 was moved, and as far.
The rod is connected through a head 11 with a rod t, at the end of which rod
is a piece projecting at right angles to the length of the rod, long enough to form a
rest against which the type may be supported. This rest can enter the race
through an opening of, and having entered it closes the race, as in Figure 10, so
that the types falling into it will bear against this rest as they are forced down
the race by the follower t, carrying the rod t along with them. A spring so
presses upon a pin on the rod t", so that when the rod t is carried by the
advancing motion of the rod c¹ far enough to bring its projecting piece opposite the
opening o, the spring & forces the projecting piece into the opening where it performs
the office of a rest for supporting the type, as in Figure 12. In that situation the
type may again be dropped into the race and the follower pushing them down
will carry this temporary rest f" forward in the same manner as the slide rest ull
would be carried if it were in action. When the rod t has been driven along
towards the delivery end of the race a spring s set to press in the opposite direction
to the springs is bearing against the pin on the rod t in a direction which tends
to withdraw the temporary rest from the race in which it is moving, but the
opening into the race is so shaped that after the temporary rest has entered the
race, and has begun to move along in it as the types are pressed against it by the
follower it cannot be withdrawn sideways out of the race until it reaches the end of
its allotted course. This result is effected by making the shape of the opening of into
the channel, thus H, and the shape of the temporary rest, thus, the stem of the
latter connecting the cross head with the rod t". The head of the rest enters the
upper transverse slot of the opening at 0, and as the rest is moved downward
the cross head travels inside of the race through the thin inetal wall of which the
shaped opening is cut, and consequently the rest cannot be withdrawn till the
cross lead of it reaches the lower transverse slot in the shaped opening. Mean-
while as the rest f" is slowly passing down the channel, the spring is being
gradually compressed by the pin on the rod, and as soon as the cross head of the
rest comes opposite the lower slot it is sprung out, as in Figure 11, and the types
are left to be supported by the slide rest u", which at this time has been returned

page_text: to a position to fulfil this function. In this situation the rod c¹ again advancing as
the line of type is fed in carries with it the rod 8 bringing back the temporary
rest, to be again forced into the race to perform its office when the slide rest has
been taken away as already described.
The above description renders it apparent that the various effective movements
which are communicated from the prime mover to the different parts performing
the various functions of this machine may be communicated through other equivalent
and well-known mechanical devices arranged in a great variety of positions, and
having a great variety of forms.
The use of cams for communicating motions of any desired quality is well
known, and so far as the construction of cams and levers considered by themselves
is concerned no claim is made thereto in this Invention. The invention involved
in this machine consists in the new and improved method by which types are taken
out of a case and set up into a line, and which new and improved method is effected
by a series of movements exhibited in the Drawings, and also in the new and
improved method in which lines of type are made up into a column, which is also
effected by movements of parts for the first time made available for this purpose in
this improved machine.
The shafts and cams may be differently placed, and different forms and positions
given to the levers and conducting rods; but so long as the series of ultimate
movements substantially similar to the movements shown in these Drawings is
performed upon instruments which operate on the type, there can be no material
change in or departure from the principle of this Invention.
A modified arrangement of this apparatus is applicable to that class of type-
setting machines in or to which the types are supplied in channels, each holding its
own denomination of types, the types lying on each other side upon side in a
vertical pile, and the lowest one being pushed out from beneath the pile by a
plunger, and allowed to fall through a groove into a race or narrow channel as wide
as the width of the types which supports the types that drop into it, and along
which they are driven by some suitable mechanism; and the especial object thereof
is to overcome the practical difficulties which have been heretofore found in type-
setting machines constructed upon the same general plan, and to make such a
machine practically operative.
On the accompanying Drawings Figure 21, Sheet 2, represents the operative
parts of such a machine in section, in which T¹ represents a pile or row of types in
a channel of the case T2; P represents a plunger, which is driven against the end of
the bottom type of the pile by a key K pressed by the finger of the operator
through a lever L, a rod A, and a bell crank B, and which is withdrawn when the
finger is removed by a coiled spring C, substantially in the manner described in
the Letters Patent, No. 2425 of 1866. The front end of this plunger must necessarily
be thin enough to cject but one type at a time, which type may be very thin; and
if its whole body be made as thin as this end the plunger will be weak and liablo
to break.
According to this modified arrangement the main body of the plunger is made of
a sufficient thickness and strength, and its front end is bevilled, as shown at D, in
Figure 22, so that its point is thinner than its body. If the types of any pile are
thinner than the body of the plunger, the plunger, as it drives out the lowest letter,
lifts the whole pile above that letter a little, and as it is withdrawn allows the pile
to drop. As the type are pushed out by this plunger through the slots or grooves
of a guide bar H the faces of them are stopped by a covered roller E, and the bases
of the types being unsupported they fall, base down, over the bar W against a
glass front plate S, and slide down on that plate through conducting channels in a
back plate F until they drop into the race J.
While the types are in a state of transition from their holding channels to
their conducting channels in the back plate it is necessary to control them, and for
that purpose the guide bar H, Figures 21, 23, and 24, is arranged in the open space
in front of the foot of the type-holding channels. This guide bar has slots or

page_text: grooves cut through it, as seen in Figure 23 at H, each of which is high enough
to permit the passage of but one of its appropriate types through it at a time, so
that the plunger cannot push out two types at once. This guide bar is in sections,
and each section is secured by thumb screws I to the frame of the machine, so that
it can be readily removed and replaced.
The glass front plate S is made in sections instead of in one piece, and each
section is secured independently of the others by clamps V, which are fixed to the
plate F at convenient positions, so that each glass section can be withdrawn by
sliding it out of its grooves.
When the types fall into the race J they are pushed along in it by a revolving
cam N, or other suitable means, so as to make room for succeeding types, and are
ultimately forced into the "stick" M, which is arranged, as shown in Figure 26,
to receive the forming line of types, and to be removed when full, giving place to
an empty one without stoppin the machine. This stick may extend in any
direction, but it is preferable to curve the race, as in Figure 26, so that the stick
may lie parallel with the front of the machine.
The present improvements consist in the construction of the plunger P; in the
removable guide bar H; in the covered roller E; in the peculiar construction and
arrangement of the conducting channels through which the types fall; in the
glass front plate made in sections; and in the gateway formed by a movable plate
or gate R (herein-after described) in connection with the front plate S, through
which the types are delivered to the race.
One of the great difficulties which has been encountered in constructing type-
setting machinery is that the types in their passage from their holding channels to
the race are liable to be turned, so that they either fail to pass or are turned partly
around while dropping, and therefore it is necessary in a practical type-setting
machine to guard the types at all points of their movement from their holding
channels to the race, so that they will be kept in a proper position. In this
improved arrangement of apparatus that object has been accomplished by devices
which are appropriate to the different stages of operation, and which successfully
prevent the types from being turned.
The first of these devices consists in making the conducting channels through
which the types fall of different depths (as shown in Figure 27) corresponding with
the thickness of the different types, which vary very much. The result of this
construction is that each type is confined in a channel which both in width and
depth corresponds with the thickness and width of the type which is to pass
through it, so that practically a type cannot turn while it is passing through its
channel. These conducting channels are shown in elevation at Figure 25, and in
section at Figure 27, which section passes through the grooved plate at the line a, b.
I divide these conducting channels into what I call "leaders" and "confluents," the
leaders being lettered Z, and the confluents numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. The object of
this arrangement is to group together the conducting channels for a number of types
of nearly the same thickness, which may be all carried through one leader, whose
depth shall be as great as the thickness of the thickest type of the group, but not
great enough to allow the thinnest to turn in it. The leaders Z may converge at
the throat of the front plate without each running into the other. The confluents
generally connect with the leaders in curves, to which the leaders are tangents, so
that the type may not be required to suddenly turn an angle in its descent. These
leaders and confluents are arranged so that the heaviest type are grouped at the outer
and the lightest type at the inner conducting channels. The object of this grouping
is to compensate for the additional length and increased atmospheric resistance of the
outer grooves by passing the heaviest type through them, so that the type shall
follow each other at the gate R practically in the same order of succession as that in
which the operator strikes the keys. This arrangement is important in preventing
the types from colliding at the gate, and thus arresting the action of the machine.
The second device for keeping the types in the proper position is required at the
point of convergence of all the conducting channels which are delivering types, and

page_text: where all the types of varying thickness must pass through a common delivery
passage, and where therefore it is necessary that the passage should vary in depth
as the type vary in thickness. This result is produced by the plate or gate R, the
normal position of which is parallel to the glass front plate of the machine, and
which is movable so as to recede from or approach the glass front plate sufficiently
to permit the thickest type to pass between the glass front plate and it, and also to
contract the passage so that the thinnest type cannot turn in passing. This plate
is so arranged that as the types come down through the conducting channels they
are brought under its control before they have entirely passed out of the conducting
channels, so that no opportunity is given them for turning. One or more divisions
of the backboard F is tapered to a point R', and extends down over this plate or
gate R, and prevents the types from turning as they pass between it and the glass
front plate, as in Figures 21 and 25. This plate R fills up an opening in the
bottom of the back plate F, and is suspended by a rod R2 to a pin O. This pin is
made adjustable to and from the front of the machine in a slotted bracket T, so as
to cause the plate R to press more or less by force of gravity against the types which
are passing between it and the glass front plate. A spring is also applied to the
back of this plate, and its tension is regulated by the set screw Q', the object of
which is to control and adjust the pressure of the plate R, so that while it will
permit the types to pass freely under it, it will yet press upon them enough to
prevent them from turning. The spring also acts more rapidly than gravity, and
therefore restores the plate to its position after it has been pressed back by a thicker
type more quickly than gravity would do it.. A set screw Q prevents the plate R
from being thrown back further than necessary for the passage of the thickest type,
which may be in the "font" on which the machine is working.
It is necessary that this apparatus should be of so delicate and rapid an action,
because the only force which operates to move it is that derived from the falling of
the type down the inclined glass front plate, and because the varying thicknesses of
types follow each other so quickly that the intervals between them during which
the gate must adjust itself to the constantly changing conditions are scarcely
appreciable.
Other difliculties overcome are those which result from pushing the types out of
the holding channels rapidly by the plunger P against a fixed stop. When that stop
is of metal or other hard substance there is danger that the type will be bruised
against it, and when its surface is of a softer material, as leather, a type being
constantly pushed upon the same spot cuts into the softer material, dirt accumulates,
and the types are in danger of sticking, and so not falling at the proper time. These
difficulties are overcome by using the roller E covered with india-rubber, or some
material softer than metal, against which the faces of the type strike as they are
driven out of the holding channels, and which revolves a little as the types strike it.
This prevents the stop from wearing away, and the types from bruising or sticking,
and ensures their falling.
The arrangement of the glass front plate in sections is also a very important
improvement upon its original construction in a single sheet. The time of the
falling of the type is an essential factor in the result, and the character of the
surface upon which the type slide in their descent materially affects it. When the
glass front plate is in one piece it is very difficult either to make or to keep it true,
so that uniformity of action is not secured. It is often necessary to remove this
glass front plate either to clean its inner surface, or to clear out the conducting
channels, and in replacing it there is danger of springing or breaking it. These
improvements comprise the dividing of this plate into sections, and the so forming
and securing them that they may be slid in and withdrawn from grooves or
clamps V secured to the face of the back plate, see Figure 28, at portions un-
cccupied by the conducting channels, and which clamps support the glass front
plate, secure the uniformity of the surface upon which the type slide, and firmly
hold the glass sections at a number of points so that they cannot spring off.
In some type setting machines the matter is delivered in long lines in suitable

page_text: "
holders, which long lines are afterwards "justified" in the proper "measure" by
hand. In such machines generally certain characters are left to be put in during
"justification," and it is therefore a desideratum to have all the characters for
which there are boxes in a pair of cases as usually made, easily accessible to the
"justifier." For this purpose this Invention comprises an improvement in the
usual lower case which is shown on the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 29
represents a plan, and Figure 30, a sectional view of the improved type case;
Figures 31 and 32 represent like views of n 'galley" containing a body of
composed type. This improvement consists in the construction of a case in which
a compartment is provided of sufficient width to contain a series of the holders
containing the lines delivered from the type setting machine ready for justification,
with a plain bottom and holes at each end, through which the operator can easily
lift in or out such a series. This compartment extends the length of the case, and is
introduced between the first and second rows of boxes, all the boxes being made
proportionately narrow in the direction of the width of the case, and retaining their
usual size in the direction of the length of the case. For convenience in spacing
some of the boxes in the lower row are divided so as to provide in that row for all
or nearly all the different spaces needed, so that the justifier's fingers may have the
least distance to travel. This case is also adapted for use in the correction of
matter on galleys, the galley being laid upon or within the compartment, and all
the boxes of the upper and lower case being accessible without moving the galley.
A represents the compartment or blank space in the midst of the usual boxes C
formed by partition strips 7 on a bottom 5, in a frame 1, 2, 3, 4. Holes Bare
cut through the bottom 5 for the admission of the fingers, and the adjacent edges
of the frame 1, 2, are chamfered off as at e to prevent abrasion of the fingers.
The second division of the Invention comprises the type distributing apparatus,
the arrangement and construction of which will now be described.
A column or page of printing types having been used for printing requires to be
distributed into separate holders, each of which contains types of one denomination
only, preparatory to a second setting of them for a new use. Ordinarily this
operation is performed by hand, and although many attempts have been made to do
it by machinery, the difficulties attending it are so great that none of the machines
have been sufficiently practical to supersede manual labor.
The improved machinery or apparatus is designed to overcome these difficulties,
and to distribute type automatically from a column into the separate channels of
a case, in which they are so arranged as to be ready for use in the above described
automatic type setter.
The series of operations by which this result is produced are these,―
First. A line of types is separated from the column of which it forms a part, and
by itself is presented to the action of the machine for distribution.
Secondly. A single type is separated from the end of the line and forced into the
hold of a travelling carrier, which receives it and transports it away from the point
of reception, giving place to another carrier, which in its turn repeats the
movement.
Thirdly. The types thus held in these carriers are moved along step by step,
resting at each step, and while at rest subjected to the contact of feelers (of which
there are as many as there are denominations of types to be distributed) which
are brought against the exposed edges of the type, and which ascertain the
denomination of the type by entering or failing to enter notches cut in the edges of
the type in different positions and different combinations for different denominations
of type.
Fourthly, when a type is brought in front of a fecler, the projections of which
match the notches cut in its edge, a hook moving with the feeling apparatus is
allowed to fall and catch a sliding ejector in the carrier, against which the type is
supported, and as the feeling apparatus is withdrawn the hook pulls the sliding
ejector forward, and thus forces the type from the carrier and permits it to enter
the mouth of a conductor, through which it drops into the appropriate one of a

page_text: series of channels constituting a case placed at the bottom ends of the type
conductors.
Fifthly. When in the said channel the type is pushed along far enough to make
room for the next one which may drop, and as each succeeding one drops the whole
row in that channel is pushed along a distance equal to the thickness of the said
type last entering and there left. When the case is full it may be removed and
placed in a setting machine.
The following is a description of the machine or apparatus as constructed
according to the present improvements, and therein reference is made to Figures 33
to 56 on Sheets 3 & 4 of the accompanying Drawings, and which are illustrative
thercof.
On Sheet 3, Figure 33 represents a front perspective view of the machine.
Figure 34 a top view or general plan; Figure 35 a rear view of the machine :
Figure 36 a view of one end. These four Figures connected give the relative
positions of the various levers, wheels, cams, shafts, carriers, hooks. &c.
Figure 37 is a transverso sectional view of the driving pulley, friction clutch, and
starting and stopping apparatus; Figure 38 is a vertical section of a portion of
Figure 37.
And on Sheet 4, Figure 39 represents an enlarged view, showing a portion of the
bed or bearing for the type chairs or carriers, also the bearing or guide for the
fecler bars, and appropriate attachments for giving motion to the same.
Figure 40 serves more fully to illustrate Figure 39, being a top view of said
Figure, and in connection with Figures 36, 41, and 42, intended to show the
manner of placing the type in the carriers.
Figure 41 represents a front view of the front plate P¹¹, Figure 39.
Figure 42 is an end view of one of the carriers.
Figure 43 is an elevation of the carrier with a part removed to show the mortise
or cavity for receiving the ejector.
Figure 44 is the type ejector for removing the type from the carriers.
Figure 45 is an end view of the type galley and movable bearing for the type,
and attachments for giving motion to the same.
Figure 46 is a representation of the feed clutch and arms or levers for regulating
its action.
Figures 47 and 49 are modified forms of the apparatus for separating the
individual types from the line, and forcing them into the carriers.
Figures 49 to 52 represent top views, showing the type driver, the type guiding
tongue and its controlling spring, the rest block and its governing lever, and the
carriers in four positions of their operations in cutting off a type from the line and
depositing it in a carrier.
Figures 53 and 54 are top and front views, showing the construction of the rest
block.
Figures 55 and 56 are top views, showing the operation of the mechanisms which
actuate the drivers, which transfer the carriers from one way to the other, and the
plungers which move the carriers sidewise in their ways.
In these various Figures the same Figures and letters of reference indicate like
parts.
The several parts of the machine are supported by stanchions or posts X, C, and
suitable brackets rising from the bed plate A, and are actuated by a main shaft O
journalled in hangers X" depending from the bed B, and driven by a pulley A' as
herein-after explained.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-A column or page of type is laid in
a galley D, which is set at an inclination suflicient to prevent the type from falling
apart or separating at the exposed ends of the lines. V represents a page follower
fitted to slide in the galley D, which is pressed against the page of type by a
weight W, and which pushes forward the page line by line, as the lines are
successively distributed.
E is a lever or swinging plate which in the position
45, shuts the inside end of the galley D, and prevents
shown in Figures 33 and

page_text: the type from being pushed by the page follower any further than into contact with
its face. This lever E is a plate of thin metal, somewhat thinner than the thickness
of a line of type, and is capable of vibrating around a centre 10, Figure 45, so as to
fall below the lower edge of the page of type in the galley D. When it does fall
into that position the page of type is then pushed forward by the page follower V₁
and the upper edge of the swinging plate E is under the forward line of type, and
when the swinging plate E is raised again into the position shown it elevates that
line of type into a channel formed by parallel plates F and 9, Figures 34 and 40,
where it stands upon the edge of the swinging plate E in a level position. The
plate 9 is rigidly secured to the bed B, and the plate F is removable, being held
in place by tenons 1, Figure 33, entering one of its ends, while its opposite end
rests upon the upper edge of one side of the galley, where it is held by a locking
arm 2 the shoulder of which bears against it. This plate can thus be removed when
access to the type under or behind it is desired. A line follower G is pressed
up against the outer end of this line of type by a weight X, which is connected
with that follower by a cord running over a pulley, and this follower pushes
forward the line of type as fast as the machine takes away the single types from the
inner end of the line. The cord is attached to the weight by an intervening spring 11
which causes the line follower to press forward without jarring against the type.
When a line of type has been exhausted, and it becomes necessary to supply
another in its place the line follower G is withdrawn, the swinging plate E drops
down below the bottom of the next line of. type in the page, the page of type is
pushed forward by the page follower V, the swinging plate E is raised to its
original position, and the line follower G again permitted to press upon the end of
the new line of type, repeating the operation just described. This compound effect is
produced by the cooperation of a transverse shaft K, a ratchet C, a pawl E,
levers K and G upon a shaft H shown in detail in Figures 35, 45, and 46,
and a cam H and levers N and LI, shown in Figure 33. The mode of their
operation is this:-A pin p¹¹ on the line follower G comes in contact with the
upper end of the lever K, Figure 33, as seen in Figure 34, when the line follower G
has travelled near the extreme end of its motion in pushing forward the line of type,
and presses the lever K over towards the plate F. As a consequence the shaft Hi
vibrates a little, and the lever G is carried away from the end of the pawl El
which otherwise it rests against. The pawl being thus released is forced by a
spring F, Figure 40, into contact with the ratchet, whereby a clutch wheel Dii is
for the moment connected with the ratchet C, which is in constant rotation,
imparted to it through a worm A¹¹ on the main driving shaft O of the machine and
the worm wheel B₁ The clutch wheel D is secured to the transverse shaft K,
and when it is carried around by the ratchet the shaft K also rotates, and with it
the two cams H, Figure 33, and 4, Figure 45. The cam H operates upon the pin
at the end of the lever N, which vibrates around a shaft M, and which thereby
causes the lever L" to move away from the plate F. A pin 21 on the line follower G
carries a friction roller 22, which projects across the plane in which the lever Lu
moves, and is outside of the lever, and as a consequence when the lever is driven
back by the cam H it withdraws the line follower G from its advanced position,
and makes room for the new line of type to be raised into the position from which
the last line of type has been pushed; at the same time the cam 4 operating upon
the swinging plate E through a pin 5, Figures 33 and 45, allows it to come down
below the line of type, and again elevates it when the types have been pushed
forward in the galley D across its upper edge. The lever K, being relieved from
the pressure of the pin p¹¹ on the line follower G by the withdrawal of the said
follower, is pressed outward again by a spring S to its original position, bringing
again the lever G into a position in which the end of the pawl E inust come in
contact with it, as in Figure 45, as the shaft K rotates, and as a consequence at the
end of one revolution the pawl E is disengaged from the ratchet, and the shaft K
ceases to rotate, leaving the cams in the position shown in Figure 33, until the
pawl E is again allowed to engage with the ratchet by the withdrawal of the

page_text: lever G when the line follower G has again pushed the last type of the line into
the machine.
The next step in the operation is the separation of a single type from the end of
the line of type 6, which is being pushed forward by the line follower G. At tho
end of the type channel there is a movable rest 7, Figures 34 and 49 to 52, which
in one position closes up the end of the channel, and so prevents any type from
being forced from it by the line follower G. This movable rest 7 rises from one
end of a supporting plate 33, Figures 53 and 54, which slides freely in suitable
bearings in which it has a motion equal to the thickness of the thickest type, and is
held in position by a lever S, the other end of which is controlled by a cam 20 on
the main shaft O of the machine. This cam gives a reciprocating movement to the
power end of the lever in the direction of the main shaft of the machine, and is so
shaped that when the type presses against the movable rest 7 (which is supported
by the end of the lever 8) as the shaft O revolves the lever 8 permits the inovable
rest 7 to gradually yield under the pressure given to the type by the line follower G.
The rest 7 is cut away, as in Figure 52, to admit the passage of a type driver J
through it, and also to accommodate in like manner a spring tongue 15. When
the movable rest 7 has thus been permitted to move far enough to allow the thick-
ness of one type to pass beyond the end of the type channel the type driver J,
which has been pressing upon the edge of the type, drives the latter before it, as in
Figure 50, cutting it off from the line of type of which it was the most advanced,
and the type driver J closes the end of the channel, and so prevents any further
movement of the line of type. This type driver J is at the end of a lever U,
Figures 35 and 36, vibrating on a shaft K, and connected through that shaft
with a lever J¹, the end of which is operated upon by a cam M on the main shaft O.
A spring S forces the lever J¹ into contact with the cam M, and as the cam permits
it the spring causes the shaft K to vibrate, and with it the type driver J, the
function of which has been already described. Another lever L, hung loosely on
the end of the shaft K, is close alongside of the lever U, and is operated through
a lever L' by a cam N, shown in dotted lines behind the cam M in Figure 36, and
in full lines Figure 35. This lever L has a spring tongue 15 projecting inward
near its upper end, as in Figures 34 and 40. In these Figures the tongue is shown
composed of a spring.
In Figures 47 to 52 the tongue is rigid in itself, vibrating upon a centre, and
controlled by an independent spring. The operation of these forms are identical.
The object of this spring tongue 15 is to guide the type into a carrier T', where it
is held when driven forward by the type driver J, and for that purpose the spring
tongue at the end of the lever L moves in advance of the lever U, passes behind a
spring S, and assumes the position shown in Figures 40 and 50. The type I is
then driven forward by the type driver J, and forces sideways the spring tongue at
the end of the lever L, and at the same time through it moves sideways the
spring S (which rests upon the spring tongue in the lever L) in the carrier T¹, as
in Figures 40 and 51, and so permits the type I to be caught under the spring S
fixed upon the side of the carrier T. The lever L is then withdrawn, and with it
the spring tongue, leaving the type caught and held in the carrier, as in Figure 52,
and then the type driver J is withdrawn, and the lever 8 presses up the movable
rest 7 against the line of type ready for a repetition of the operation.
Figures 47 to 52 represent a modified form of the apparatus for detaching a type
from the end of the line, and driving it into the carrier. The object of this modifi-
cation is to apply a less degree of force to the type which is to be detached while
the line is moving forward under the pressure of the weight or spring which is
pushing it into the machine, and at the same time as cach type is detached from
the line to apply to it the pressure necessary to carry it into the carrier. In this
modification the type driver J is separated from the lever U, and made to slide in a
channel or groove in the frame for that purpose, and is moved backward and
forward in a straight line instead of in a curve, as shown in Figure 36. This type
driver is operated on by the lever U through a pin P, and a hole in the lever

page_text: elongated in the direction of the motion, so as to permit either the pin or the lever
to move without moving the other. A spring Spresses against the back end of
the type driver, and tends to force it forward. The shape of the cam M on the
driving shaft is such that when the lever U is carried backward, so as to withdraw
the type driver from contact with the type, and out of the way of the line of type,
the spring S is compressed, and as thic cam revolves and the lever J, which
operates the lever U, is drawn forward by the spring S', which holds its end in
contact with the cam, the clongated opening in the end of the lever U, through
which the pin P' passes permits the lever U to come forward without necessarily
moving the type driver with it, the effect of which is that the type driver during
that time is driven by the spring S, which is strong enough to detach the most
forward type in the line, and drive it forward without putting upon it any more
pressure than is necessary for that purpose, thereby diminishing the friction
resulting from the movement of the line of type which would be produced by the
application of a pressure greater than necessary to detach a single type. When the
spring S has detached the type, and carried it forward a short distance, then the
shape of the cam permits the lever U to overtake the type driver J, and to drive
the type into the carriers with the greater power applied to that lever by the coiled
This modification makes
spring S, or substituted weight used for that purpose.
the machine work moro casily, and renders less power necessary upon the line
follower G, which pushes the line of type endwise into the machine.
Figures 47 to 52 show also the tongue 15 constructed to operate in a right line.
It is swung at its rear end on hangers forming a part of a right-line slide C, which
is operated on by the lever L through a pin P. The tongue 15 is pressed inward
by a spring a fast upon a side plate 26, and extending through an elongated slot in
said plate into engagement with said tongue. More precision is gained by the
straight line movement and by separating the parts at the pin P³.
The above are modifications of detail which are most advantageous in their appli-
cation, but the principle of action is capable of a variety of arrangements without
substantial alteration.
The next instrument in the operation is the carrier, the office of which is to carry
the type from the place where it is received to the place where it is finally
withdrawn from it and dropped through a conductor into its appropriate channel
in the case.
In Figures 41, 55, and 56 several of these carriers are shown in plan,
and are marked T. In Figure 39 two of these carriers are exhibited in clevation
and as in use in the machine. Figure 43 is an elevation of one of these carriers
partly in section; Figure 42 is a front end view of the same thing; Figure 44
represents an ejector marked R. This carrier is made of hard metal, and is
accurately shaped so as to insure uniformity in the size and bearings of the entire
series which are used in the machine. These carriers are cored out to permit the
ejectors R to work in them, as shown in Figure 43. A spiral spring 16 is
inserted in the longitudinal slot in the ejector, so as to force it back in the carrier
to give room for the type I, as shown in Figure 39, where one of the type is repre-
sented in front of the ejector and held fast by the spring S. This ejector can be
drawn forward, compressing the spiral spring 16, and moving far enough to push
the type I out of the hold of the spring S", and when the type is inserted under
it holds it there until the ejector is brought into action to detach the type. There
are as many of these carriers needed as at least twice the number of denominations
of type which are to be used in the machine.
In the bed B of the machine there are two ways Z, separated from each other by
a partition B, Figure 39, in which ways the carriers T¹ move step by step in
opposite directions. In Figures 34, 55, and 56 these carriers are shown in plan
arranged in rows in the two ways. When the machine is at rest these two ways
are filled with the carriers, except space for one carrier at the entrance end of each
At the entrance end of the front way one of these carriers is in the position
shown in Figure 40, ready to receive a type.
way.
When the type has been inserted in the manner already described both rows of
R

page_text: carriers are moved lengthwise in opposite directions. This operation is performed
by plungers H', H", Figures 34, 55, and 56, the motion of one of which will now
be described. A double-faced cam Y₁, constantly revolved by the main shaft O,
bears on one side against a friction roller Z', pivoted in the end of a slide X', to the
opposite end of which is hung a plunger actuating lever V, which is thus vibrated,
and imparts short reciprocations to the plunger Hỉ through a plunger shaft O³, with
which the end of the lever engages.
When the swell of the cam Y¹ passes the
friction roller Z', the slide thus relieved from it is moved in the opposite direction
by a spring 24 on the plunger shaft 03, and the front row of the carriers T¹ is thus
moved lengthwise a distance equal to the thickness of a single carrier. The
plunger which moves the rear row of carriers is actuated by precisely similar
means, namely, a plunger shaft O, spring 25, lever V, slide X', and friction
roller Z, actuated from the opposite side or face of the cam Y, their position and
motions being the counterparts of those just described with reference to the
plunger H. Though this mechanism is arranged to move the rows of carriers
onward by the motion derived from the springs 0, 0, and to retract the plungers
by motion derived from the cam the reverse operation may be accomplished by
reverse movements of the same mechanism, that is, by permitting the cam to drive
the plungers and the springs to withdraw them; but the first method is preferable,
since in case of any sticking of the carriers there is less liability to injure the
mechanism. When these plungers are withdrawn space is left between the faces of
cach plunger and the end of its row of carriers wide enough for another carrier,
and into these spaces one of the carriers from the rear row is forced forward, and
one from the front row is forced backward, as in Figure 56. This operation is per-
formed by drivers A", Figures 34, 36, 55, and 56, which are bars noved forward
and backward by grooves 28 of cams Q on the main shaft O, operating through
studs or rollers the two levers T, one of which is seen in Figure 36. These
drivers A are each fitted at its front end with a latch E¹¹, pressed by a spring 17
into a position for engaging with the carrier. The latch upon the driver which
forces the carriers of the rear row forward is shown in Figure 30, as springing in
behind the carrier, and as this driver A is moved forward the latch retains that
position, forcing the carrier before it, as in Figure 56, but as the driver is with-
drawn the latch E is pressed out of the way by the carrier, which has been moved
into position by its plunger until it passes the extreme end of that carrier, when it
springs across its end, and is in position to force it forward. The latch upon the
other driver A", which forces backward a carrier from the front row, is operated
in a similar manner, but springs inward in front of the carrier instead of behind it.
The effect produced by these two drivers is that they simultaneously transfer one
carrier each from the opposite ways, thus filling up the space in each way left by
the last movement sideways of the end carrier of each row by the plungers H1, H",
and leaving a vacant space into which one from each of the rows of carriers can be
forced, as before described. The effect of the operation of the plungers H¹, H", and
the drivers A1 is that at cach revolution of the main shaft O of the machine every
carrier is moved one step onward, that is, each carrier in the front row is moved one
step to the right, cach carrier in the rear row is moved one step to the left, the
advanced carrier in the front row is moved backward to the beginning of the rear
row, and the advanced carrier in the rear row is moved forward to the beginning of
the front row. The object of this movement of the carriers, step by step, is to
bring the type that are held in them successively into positions where they can be
selected by the automatic selecting apparatus, which constitutes an important
feature of this Invention, and which will now be described.
This apparatus consists of a series of hooks S' pivotted at 23 to reciprocating
slides I, which are guided between division plates K, and vibrate forward and
backward in a line at right angles to the ways in which the carriers move. There
nre at least as many of these hooks as there are denominations of type used in the
machine, and their office is to withdraw the type from the carriers at the proper
time. Figures 39 and 40 exhibit this part of the apparatus in sectional elevation

page_text: and in plan. W is a vibrating frame, which is moved by two rods F" actuated
by a cam on the main shaft O operating upon them through pins 3 fixed on arms
E depending from each rod, one of which is shown in Figure 36. The cam is
shown by the curved dotted groove 27, in which the pin 3 travels, and it is shaped
so as to vibrate the frame Win forward and backward while the carriers are at
rest in their ways.
The cain groove 27 is shown as on the inner face of the said
cam Q, the said groove 28 of which actuates the said lever T, but these devices
may be driven by separate cams. The reciprocating slide I" which carries each of
the hooks S is notched at 29 to fit over the frame W, as shown in Figure 39,
and is pressed forward toward the carriers by a spiral spring 14, which permits
the frame W to move forward without carrying with it the slide I". The inner
ends of the slides I are provided with pins L", which are arranged in different
positions for every denomination of type, and constitute the feelers for the types
which are nicked to correspond with the position of these pins for cach denomi-
nation. Each slide is also provided with a rest block 13 projecting over the
top of the slide, and which is carried by a rod J" moving in the slide and actuated
by a spiral spring which tends to keep its forward end beyond the face of the
slide and in alignment with the outer ends of the feeling pins. On this rest block
the hook S is supported by a lug O so that it cannot fall low enough to catch the
point of the said ejector R1, but when the rest block is pushed backward the
hook can fall and catch the point of the ejector. The front plate Y is perforated
with holes in such positions as to allow the rods J and the feelers L to reach
the type, as will be described. M, Figure 39, is a bar which holds the slides I¹¹
in place, and also serves to elevate the hooks S¹ as they are withdrawn by means
of their cam projections N!!!
The operation of this selecting apparatus is as follows:-As the slides 1" are
brought forward the feelers L" come in contact with the types in the carriers if
there are any.
If the feelers L" find nicks in the type corresponding with them
they will enter those nicks, and so the slides 1 can advance along with the
movement of the frane Wuntil the feelers reach nearly or quite to the bottom
of the nicks, as shown at Figure 39, where I is the type, and where the feclers are
represented in one of the slides as reaching to the bottom of the nicks. When the
feelers have thus entered the nicks the sliding rod J" carrying the rest block 13
comes in contact with the type, and is arrested in its forward movement, but as
the slide 1 is still advancing the spiral spring on the sliding rod J" is compressed,
and the rest block on that sliding rod stands still in reference to the lug O on the
hook which is advancing. When the lug O has passed forward beyond the rest
block the hook drops and catches over the point of the ejector R, as shown in
dotted lines in Figure 39. When the frame W returns it carries with it the
hook which is engaged with the ejector R, and the type I in the carrier T¹ is
drawn out from the hold of the spring S, and as the hook is still further
withdrawn the cam N111 comes in contact with the bar M, and the hook is lifted
out of engagement with the ejector, which being released is forced back by its
spring 16 to its normal position in the carrier, and so makes room in the carrier
for it to receive another type in front of its ejector R, when it shall have again
reached the proper place. But if the feelers L as the slide I is brought forward
do not find nicks in the type corresponding with them, they come in contact with
the smooth edge of the type, and of course arrest the further movement of the
slide I, in which case the frame W still continues its movement, and compresses
the spiral spring 14 without injuring the type. Under these circumstances the
sliding rod J is not pushed backward, and the hook is therefore held by the lug
O and not engaged with the ejector.
The manner in which this apparatus selects the type is very apparent. Each
carrier holding a type presents it successively to the feelers of each of the slides I".
If the feelers of any slide do not find corresponding nicks in the type they cannot
enter, and consequently the type is not disengaged from the carrier, but is moved
on another step and presented to the feelers of the next slide, and so on until it
P 5

page_text: comes to a slide, the feelers of which correspond with its nicks when it is drawn
into a recess or way 19 formed in the front plate Y, Figures 40, 41, and 55,
disengaged and directed into a conductor P, which guides it downward into its
appropriate groove or channel in the case W, Figure 36. As the presence of a
type in a carrier reaching the receiving position would prevent a new type from
being inserted and thus derange the machine, the last hook is allowed to drop
and engage with the ejector of the last carrier in the front row at each forward
movement of the frame W, and thus to disengage from each carrier presented to
it, whatever type may have passed the preceding hooks. This prevents the
retention of a type by any carrier passing from the front to the rear row.
there are some characters of comparatively infrequent use which are not nicked,
and consequently will not be withdrawn by any of the slides carrying feelers,
this provision is necessary.
As
The conductors are thin metal rectangular pipes P, Figures 33, 35, 36, and 41,
large enough to permit the types to drop freely through them, and not large enough
to permit the types to turn in them. These conductors are twisted ninety degrees,
so that the types which enter them at the top with their nicks facing the front of
the machine are turned one-quarter around, and when they reach the bottom of the
conductor have their nicks facing one end of the machine, and are dropped into the
channels of the case with their nicks all facing one side of the same. The case W
is also shown at Figures 33, 35, and 36, and consists of a number of partitions a
dividing the case into a series of grooves or channels b, each wide enough for a
type, into which the types are dropped from the conductors P. This case is
removable from the machine, and is supported on bearings Pl, where it rests in an
inclined position which is highest at its receiving end, thus inclining the types
forward upon each other, in which position they are retained by gravity. In each
channel is a spring slug Q' against which the line of type rests, and which readily
slides as additional types are dropped in and advanced, as will now be described.
The lever Ris fast on the shaft Q, and its free end follows a double cam U",
see Figures 34 and 35, on the main shaft O, in contact with which it is held by a
spring O, Figure 36. This shaft Qvibrates a series of levers R, each extending
into its appropriate groove b of the case W, as in Figure 36. Ench revolution of
the main shaft thus vibrates the whole series of levers R twice, pushing forward
each type as it drops, and with it the whole row before it a distance equal to the
thickness of that type, thus leaving room for another type to drop in when the
levers are moved rearward. There are two forms in which this apparatus for
pushing the type into the groove of the case may be made, both shown in Figure 36.
In the arrangement attached to the machine the levers R have a curvilinear motion.
In the detached apparatus representing the same operation the levers R have a
right-line motion, thereby avoiding any tendency to lift the type in the case; of the
two plans the one shown detached is preferable. When the case is filled with type
it may be removed and an empty one substituted, so that the machine may be kept
constantly at work.
The machine is driven by a belt which runs upon a pulley A', Figures 34 to 37,
and it is desirable to have an apparatus which will instantly arrest the movement
of the shaft O in case of obstruction in the operation of the machine. This object
is accomplished by the apparatus shown in detail at Figure 37. The pulley A'
drives the machine by means of the friction of its interior surface upon a leather
disk R5, which is between it and a metal disk B₁, and is pressed against the leather
disc R by a spiral spring which is in a hub V, and is compressed by a
screw A On the inner side of the disk B' is another disk C, and a leather
disk R between them. The disc C is connected by two columns D' to an outer
cross bar C, which is mounted on the hub. V. When the spring I is at liberty
to act it presses against the head of the screw A and against the bottom of the
hub V, forcing the pulley A' against the leather disk R and creating a friction
between the pulley and the metallic disk B₁ which is attached to a hub R', which
is fast on and through which the main shaft O is driven. But when the hub V is

page_text: drawn out, so as to withdraw it from contact with the head of the pulley A', the
friction against the leather disk R is taken away, and if the hub V is withdrawn
far enough it will apply friction to the disk B' through the leather disk R¹, and as
the disk C cannot revolve because the columns D will come in contact with the
belt the machine is stopped. When the machine is in operation a lever F' which
is connected with a rod G is in the position indicated by the full lines in Figure 37,
and the rod G is caught by a notch in an arm I fast to the frame of the machine,
as shown in Figure 38, which is another view of that part of the apparatus. A
bent lever L, Figures 36 and 37, has one end 30 of it overreaching the hub R',
which has a cam M¹ with a number of projecting steps upon it which strike the
end 30 of the lever 1, unless it is moved sidewise out of their way; and if they
do strike it they tilt the lever Land depress its inner end 31 which rests upon
the rod G, on the same side of it as the notched arm 11, and if that lever is tilted
it depresses the rod G and liberates it from the notched arm I. The said plunger
shaft which moves the carriers T rests against the bend of the lever L,
which is kept in contact therewith by a spring N, and which has a motion
around its fulcrum K' at right angles to its tilting motion, see Figure 38. When
the machine is in operation, if the plunger shaft O is working properly, the end 30
of the lever L will recede at the time when the stepped cam M is nearly in
contact with it; and as the stepped cam M¹ revolves, the lever end 30 is vibrated
horizontally, and so prevents the stepped cam M₁ from engaging with it.
from any cause the carriers are not moved their appropriate distance, the end 30 of
the lever is not vibrated out of the way of the said cam M', which as a consequence
then engages with and raises that end of the lever, depressing its opposite end and
unhooking the rod G¹ from the notched arm 1'. When this happens a spiral
spring C on the rod G¹ forces the end of the lever F outward, its inner end being
supported upon a fulcrum at 33; and consequently the hub V is drawn away by
a ball-and-socket connection at E, and the friction between the pulley A¹ and the
disk B¹ immediately suspended, while at the same time friction of rest is improved
through the disk C, and the machine instantly stops.
But if
When
It is apparent and should be clearly understood, that this new and improved
method or mode of operation, exhibited in the mechanism herein described, may be
practised by the aid of details in machinery quite different from those exhibited in
the accompanying Drawings. As is well known to mechanics the different move-
ments of the working parts of this machine may be imparted to them by means of
cams or gear wheels arranged differently from those herein exhibited; and
probably no two mechanics, having the improved mode of operation herein described
presented to them, would construct a machine in precisely the same form.
impelling mechanism is shown as driven one way by a positive motion, and the
other way by a spring, it is apparent that the motion may be reversed in most
cases, and it is apparent that the relative positions of the cams may be changed,
in which case the levers or slides would assume different shapes and directions. The
present Invention does not consist in the cams and levers exhibited in the special
form shown by the accompanying Drawings, but in the new and improved mode
of operation by which the types are selected and distributed, which mode of
operation admits of the use of a great variety of equivalent mechanical devices
without changing its novel and substantial character.
The type distributing apparatus above described may be modified in its details
by the following improvements, which are also illustrated on the accompanying
Drawings:-
Figure 57 represents a top view of that part of the feed motion of a distributor
which controls the movement of the types as they are cut off from a line of type H
in a galley and are conveyed into carriers.
Figure 58 represents two views of a sliding ejector for pushing the type out of a
carrier.
And Figure 59 represents a side view of the modified apparatus employed for
feeling the type in the carriers and for withdrawing them.

page_text: In the apparatus already described and illustrated by Figures 33 to 56 inclusive
the line of types as it is pushed forward by the line follower is supported at
its inner end by a rest which gradually recedes as the machine operates till the
line has been pushed forward out to the extent of the thickness of the end type of
the line.
According to the improvement shown in Figure 57 there is used a finger C
pivotted upon a horizontally reciprocating type driver A and travelling with it,
which holds the type and transfers it to a carrier. This finger is centred on the
type driver A by a pivot D, and is pressed gently against the end type X by a
spring M. As the types are pushed forward by a weight J which impels à line
follower I against the line they are pressed against the end of this finger and
would overcome the resistance of the spring Al if it were not for a lever E which
rests against the finger and holds it firmly, and which operates in a manner similar
to a corresponding lever 8, Figure 50, that is to say, one end of it is controlled by
a cam F on the revolving shaft G of the machine which permits the pressure of the
type against the finger to gradually move it out until the end type is passed by
the corner of the type channel, as above described. At this moment the spring which
presses forward the type driver A, and with it the finger C, shifts the end type X
a little distance at right angles to the line of types, and the type driver A then
closes the end of the type channel so that another type cannot be pushed forward
by the line follower I. The type driver A and finger C are then carried forward
towards carriers Z in the manner above described, the finger C holding the type
first against the end of a frame Q3 and then against one side of the carrier until the
type is lodged therein. By means of this contrivance the type is securely held
from the moment it comes into contact with the end of the finger C until it is
lodged in the carrier, and there is no possibility of its turning or becoming
displaced. When the type has been lodged in the carrier tlie type driver A and
finger Care withdrawn, and the latter being pressed inwardly by the lever Eas well
as by its own spring M comes in contact with the next end type of the line in the
type channel and permits that type in its turn to be gradually driven out by the
line follower I, repeating the operations already described.
A further improvement is in the construction of the ejector for pushing the type
from the carrier. It is shown in Figure 58 in detail, and in Figure 59 in position.
This ejector has two prongs forward and one backward, as at P in Figure 59, and
as shown at N in Figure 58. The forward prongs support the top and bottom of
the type as it is held within the carrier, and the movement of the ejector pushes
out the type by pressing at its top and bottom, while the rear prong fitted into a
groove in the carrier makes the motion perfectly parallel. This ejector is not acted
upon by a spring as the ejector above described is, but it remains in any position
in which it is placed or left until some external force is applied to it. When it has
been withdrawn in the operation of the machine it remains forward in the position
shown in Figure 59 until the carrier has been moved through all its positions and
has been returned to the initial point in the front line, as shown in Figure 57;
there a stop Q is placed, with which the head 8 of the ejector coming in contact
while the carrier is moving forward, the ejector is driven back again into its retired
position, leaving the type space vacant for the introduction of a new type, as
desired.
In the machine already described and illustrated by Figures 33 to 56 inclusive
the hooks S, Figure 39, after they had fallen and had withdrawn the ejector were
restored to their elevated position during their backward movement by means of
an inclined cain N sliding over a fixed obstruction M". This arrangement
requires a very nice adjustment in position and time so that the hook would with-
draw the ejector to its full throw at the exact instant when the inclined can lifted
its point away from the head of the ejector; the hook is thus liable to let go too
soon or to hold on too long, and pull upon the ejector too hard and fly off with
violence, leading to injurious consequences. These disadvantages are overcome by
this improvement by lifting the hooks S₁ at the proper time by means of toes U

page_text: n a rock shaft U which is mounted underneath the hooks, and which is caused to
ibrate at each revolution of the machine at the proper time so as to elevate and
Hetach from the ejectors such hooks as have fallen and become attached. When
elevated they are supported upon a rest block S³, as above described. This rock
shaft U is worked by means of a rocker arm Y, a connecting hook W, a connecting
rod V, and a lever V1 which is operated by a revolving cam V on a shaft W', and
which is shaped and timed so as to vibrate the rock shaft U at the moment when
the hooks have been drawn backward by a spring T3, which draws a slide T¹ and
keeps it in contact with a cam T in a manner similar to that above described. The
rocker arm Y has a latch Y¹ centred upon it at its long end, see Figure 59, and
which escapes
froin the hook W when the rocker arm has been vibrated to near its
full throw in the direction of the arrow at V, when the point of the hook passes by
the point of the latch. When however the hook W returns to the position shown
on the Drawing the point of the latch gives way and allows the hook to pass under
it and is replaced by a spring Y. When the hook W passes by the latch the toes
of the rock shaft fall by their weight and by the force of a coiled spring 9 which
withdraws the rocker arm into the position shown in the Drawing. By these
means the hooks are lifted and allowed to return by a motion independent of their
own movement and are therefore under better control, and a great improvement
is effected in their action.
Further modifications of the details of the apparatus for distributing type aro
shown in the accompanying Drawing in Figures 60 to 75 which illustrate only
those parts which are improved in their construction.
On Sheet 4 Figure 60 represents front views of the horizontal galley with its
adjustable side, the page follower, the vertical line elevating motion, and the line
follower motion. And Figure 61, a top view of the line elevator cam and the line
follower cam. And on Sheet 5 Figure 62 represents top views of the galley with
its adjustable side and the page follower.
Figure 63, side views of the type driver for feeding the type to the carriers,
and the adjustable lever mechanism for operating it and its adjustable nose piece,
and of the adjustable cut-off spring and of the feed cap. Figure 64, a top view of
a type case with slugs therein.
Figure 65, top views of the type driver, the adjustable cut-off spring, the line
follower, and the adjustable friction for controlling its pressure, the nose piece,
and the feed corner piece, and the line opening finger, and its controlling
mechanism.
i
Figure 66, a side and top view of an improved type carrier and clutch.
Figure 67, a side and top view of an improved type carrier, clutch, and
spring.
Figure 68, a side and top view of the carrier clutch.
Figure 69, a side and top view of an improved ejector.
Figures 70 to 73 top views of the clutch opening motion.
Figure 74, a side view of apparatus for transferring the carriers from one row to
the other.
And Figure 75, a side view of the feeler motion and its adjustable cam.
A, Figures 60 and 62, represents a horizontal galley of the distributor, upon
which the type A¹ stands vertically; and B represents a side rail movable in the
galley A, and adjustable to the width of the column of type A¹. This side rail B
has one or more arms B' attached to it, and which extend through the galley side,
and can be clamped by set screws B at any position of adjustment, and thus
securely hold the type in position; C represents a page follower sliding freely on a
rod C which pushes forward the column or page of type A', by means of a
weight C secured to it by a cord 3 running over a pulley C when the forward
line of type A2, Figure 62 has been elevated as at A³, Figure 60.
When the page of type A' under distribution has been pushed forward far
enough to clear the rear part of the galley, a new page of type may be placed
thereon as at A, Figure 62; and in the interval of time while a line of type is

page_text: :
being pushed endwise into the machine, the page follower C may be swung up to
the position C³, slid back on the rod C, and lowered behind the new page A*,
which it will then push forward, add to the column A¹ and feed the united pages
forward as described without stopping the machine; C represents a line elevator,
which is a vertically moving plate arranged to elevate the line of type A², A³, from
the end of the page of type A¹. The distance that this plate travels vertically is at
least the height of the type, and its motion is effected by means of a cam C7
through a supporting rod Cs having an arm, C, which carries at one end a friction
roller C which rolls upon the surface of the cam. This cam C7 comes into
operation and revolves once by means of an automatically tripped clutch mechanism,
as in the apparatus shown in Figures 35 to 56 inclusive, and its periphery from
the point 10 to the point 30 raises the plate, and with it the line of type, and
when the cam stops the roller Crests upon the high part of the cam as in
Figure 60, and the plate remains stationary and supports the line of type until it
is distributed. When the cam begins its movement the plate is carried down by a
groove C in the can, in which the roller C travels. This cam C7 is shown in
section in Figure 61, which is taken at the line a, b, of Figure 60. The roller C
is forced down the groove C both by the weight of the elevator to which it is
attached, and by the direction of the groove; this movement of it may be assisted
by a weight 15 if desired.
A cam C³ controls the movements of a line follower C₁ by means of a lever C¹³.
A portion C of this cam is cut with an easy grade or incline upon which the line
follower lever C15 bears as it is drawn forward by a weight 5, so as to cause the
line follower to be returned gently as the cam CB revolves until the follower is
arrested by the line of type As, and this gentle return movement prevents the line
follower C from injuring the feed motion, if for any reason a line of type fails to
rise from the galley and the follower returns unobstructed. This cam C¹³ is shown
in section in Figure 61 in which its relative position to C7 is also exhibited.
D, Figure 63, represcuts a type driver which is reciprocated by a bell crank D¹
pivotted on a stud D, and actuated by a cam D on the main shaft D³, which bell
crank is held in contact with the cam by a spring D'; Figure 63 represents the bell
crank D¹ as having driven in the type driver D towards a type carrier H, and
deposited a type X therein. In doing this a roller D carried by the arın 20 of the
bell crank D is represented as wedged in between two jaws D and Ds of which D
is inclined. On the return stroke of the bell crank D¹ in the direction of the arrow
Do, its arm 20 carries the type driver D in the direction of the arrow D5. In so
doing the roller D7 sinks below the position shown moving in the arc of a circle
shown by the dotted line 22. As a consequence it no longer is wedged between
the jaws as shown, and may be moved forward away from the jaw D³ without at
the same time touching the other. Two effects are produced by this arrangement,
one of which is that when the slide is carried backward in the direction of the
arrow D and has compressed a spring F as herein-after described, the roller in
returning toward the position shown does not at first carry the slide along with it,
but leaves the spring F to act whenever the type in the line has been pushed out
far enough to pass the corner 1, Figure 65, and the other of which is that as the
type driver D, Figure 63, is carried forward by the action of the roller upon the
inclined jaw D", the slide is arrested in its movement by the contact of the jaw D
with the roller just when the type driver D has been thrown far enough to lodge
the type in the carrier without pressing or bruising it. The arm 20 of the bell
crank D' is adjustable upon the other arm 21 thereof, to compensate for any lost
motion occasined by the wear of the cam D².
G, Figure 63, represents a feed cap attached to a finger G' which swings on a
pivot Gattached to the type driver D. The under surface of this cap is a little
higher than the face of the line of types as they are pushed out against the finger
under the cap, but a ledge I, Figure 65, of a corner piece I on which the base of
the type slides as it is pushed forward toward the carrier is slightly inclined
upward, as seen in Figure 63, so that when the type reaches the carrier its face is

page_text: almost in contact with the lower side of the cap and any tendency to spring up is
counteracted, and consequently the type is left fairly on its seat in the carrier, and
is there held by the clutch before the cap is withdrawn, thereby securing perfect
uniformity in the relative position of the nicks in the type without any
abrasion or bruising upon their faces. The cap being a little higher than the type
in its return motion with the passes over the end of the line of type without
touching it.
F, Figures 63 and 65, represents an adjustable spring acting against the type
driver D in the direction of the arrow Du, Figure 63. This spring F is mounted
upon a stem F one end of which is screwed through a stationary block 25, and can
thus be advanced or withdrawn so as to compress or relax the spring more or less
as desired; F is a thumb nut pinned fast to the stem F2 by which it may be
screwed in or out through the stationary block, which has a female screw cut in it;
F is a jam nut for securing it in position when adjusted. The spring is compressed
between the thumb nut F and à sliding collar F4, which bears against a part 26 of
the frame. When the type driver D is withdrawn it comes into contact with the
collar F and presses the spring F, which by yielding permits the type driver D to
be withdrawn to its full throw, and which reacts upon the type driver in proportion
to the tension with which it has been set or adjusted. This capacity for regulating
the spring pressure which operates upon the type driver D is important in view of
the fact that different type vary in their freedom from adhesion to each other as
they have been used for different purposes, some having wax upon them, some ink,
some plaster, some oil, and some being free from such matters, and that it is
desirable not to subject the type to any greater amount of force than is necessary
to overcome their adhesion to each other, and so not to bruise or injure thein.
E, Figure 65, represents an adjustable nose piece attached to the type driver D
by means of a slot S, Figure 63, and a nut E¹. This nose piece is subjected to a
great deal of wear in driving the type into the carriers, and it is necessary that its
position should be very accurately fixed, so that it will drive the type no farther
than required; and as the machine may use type of different widths, it is necessary
also to have this nose piece adjustable, so as to reach further when the type are
narrower than it does with wider type; therefore this nose piece is made inde-
pendent of the type driver D, and adjustable upon it, so that it can be hardened,
easily replaced if worn or broken, and adjusted to its exact position. This nose
piece E may be made alike at each end, so that when one end is worn away the
other may be used.
I, Figure 65, represents an adjustable corner picce at which the separate type X,
are cut off from the line of type A³. Both the nose piece E and the corner piece I |
are made of metal, preferably of steel, and both may be hardened. E represents a
bevel or rounding of the nose piece E, and I represents a bevel or rounding of the
corner piece I, which bevelling insures a more perfect cutting off of the type X, and
prevents the abrasion either of the type X on the corner piece I, or of the next type
in the line by the nose piece E. 13 represents an angle or recess in that part of the
corner piece I nearest the type carrier H, in which recess the type is caught when
it is fed into the carrier II, as seen at X1, thus preventing the type from being with-
drawn by the return motion of the type driver D.
G³, Figure 65, represents a roller on a cut-off lever G+, against which the line-
opening finger G¹ bears. This roller insures a sinooth and easy forward motion of
the finger Gas each separate type X is cut off.
F, Figure 65, represents an adjustable friction spring acting on the side of a
pulley F, over which the line follower cord Fattached to the line follower (""
runs. This adjustable friction governs the power applied to the line follower to suit
the condition of the type, and enables it to run waxy, inky, or dirty type.
Figure 66 represents two views of a type carrier Hin which is swung a solid
metal clutch J on a pivot J. This clutch is shown in two views separately in
Figure 6S, and in place in Figures 66 and 67. 1t vibrates in the carrier H with a
spring J pressing on it; this clutch J will hold any thickness of type that may

page_text: be placed underneath it in the recess in the front of the carrier H. It can be
pressed open in the carrier H through an opening J therein which may then
receive a type.
Figure 69 represents a side and front view of a sliding ejector K which lies in
cored-out channels of the carrier H, Figure 74. This ejector K has three arms, see
Drawings, Figure 75, which when drawn forward in the carrier H close the open
side of the recess or way in the front plate which leads into a conductor L, and
prevent the type from falling back into the carrier H. By making two or more
arms as full as the depth of the cored out portion of the carrier will allow the said
recess is yet more effectually closed. This extra width of the ejector K is shown
at K, Figure 69.
Figures 70 to 73 represent four views of the process of depositing a type into the
hold of a type carrier clutch; ML is a plunger for moving the carrier H in the
direction of the arrow N; J are the clutches in the carriers; Je are the springs
which act on the clutches J; X is the single type to be deposited in the carrier H;
D is the type driver; and G¹ the finger; O is an adjustable stud projecting from
the face of the plunger M.
The action of depositing the type in the 'carrier is as follows:-The type X,
Figure 70, having been cut off from the line is ready to be deposited in the carrier.
When the carrier H, H, has been brought forward into the position shown in
Figure 70, the plunger M moves the series of type carriers H in the direction of the
arrow N and brings them to the position shown in Figure 71. In this movement
the stud passes through the opening J3 of the carrier H, H, and opens its
clutch J to the position shown in Figure 71. Figure 72 represents the type X as
having been moved forward by the type driver D and deposited in the carrier H, H;
Figure 73 shows the plunger M retreating in the direction of the arrow N¹
this retreating movement the stud O has been withdrawn and the clutch J has
caught the type X by the spring J pressing on it. After this has been
accomplished the type driver D retreats in the direction of the arrow N2, and the
operation is repeated.
In
Figure 74 represents a side view of a pawl P on a sliding carrier driver P which
engages with the bottom of the carrier H as the pawl is moved by a lever and
cam motion P3, PL, in throwing the carriers at either end of the distributor from
the rear line to the front line of the carriers, or vice versa; P' is a grooved cam
which revolves in the direction of the arrow. The lever P is vibrated by means of
a roller which travels in the groove, and the driver P is reciprocated by the upper
end of the lever P³, carrying with it the pawl P which rises behind the carrier H,
when it is withdrawn into the position shown, and which moves the carrier H
forward into the front line, or vice versa, and then returns to the position shown,
the pawl P being depressed under the carrier and rising again by the force of the
spring which supports it. By this arrangement the pawl may be made to bear upon
a larger part of the surface of the carrier, and thus reduce any tendency to bruise it.
Figure 75 represents a part of a feeler cat R on the main shaft D³ which may
be adjusted by reversing or by sliding it, and secured to the cam by screws S.
This adjustable part Q of the cam R regulates the depth to which the feelers T, T,
feel by means of connecting slides U and U, and a roller U In order to feel
deeper into the type X, or in order to feel a narrower width of type at X the
adjustable part may be slid further into the cam or it may be reversed, thus
controlling the motion of the roller 12 to a desired position, as is shown at U³. It
is apparent that while a variable feeling depth can thus be secured the outward
motion of the slide U in the direction of the arrow U will be alike at every
revolution of the cam R.
Figure 64 represents a type case V, with channels V1; W, represents spring
friction slugs in the channels V₁ holding the types X in position in the channels;
while Z represents free sliding slugs between the friction slugs W and the line of
types X. This arrangement of slugs obviates the necessity of changing the slugs
in the type channels either for the composing machine or the distributing machine,

page_text: for it is obvious that when the type case is horizontal or partially inclined, as in the
distributor, the type cannot fall down by reason of the spring slugs holding them,
and when the type case is vertical, as in the type composer, the free slug slides
down with the line of types as they are fed out at the bottom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention, together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed or carried into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion, that I
claim as the Invention communicated to me by the said Samuel Worcester Green,―
First. The front rest formed by the edge of the glass plate, for giving a support
to the "face" end of the type as it is ejected from the case before the bottom end
is disconnected from the line in the case, so as to hold the type from turning and
secure its delivery with the proper side down.
Second. A guiding apparatus, consisting of a fixed inclined back plate, on which
the type grooves are formed, and a removable inclined plane of glass or similar
smooth transparent substance, which completes the channels and on which the
types slide down upon one of their sides from the case to the race in which they are
to be set.
Third. A vibrating tumbler, in combination with the plunger which expels the
type and with the reciprocating clutch which gives motion to the plunger, so
arranged that it will not engage with the reciprocating clutch until it is brought
into connection by the action of the key pressed to set a type.
Fourth. The combination of two followers for pressing forward the line of type
which is fed into the type channel by the conductor, one of which has a short
reciprocating movement, and the other of which pushes forward the entire line out
of the channel and into the galley when enough type has been set up to form a
single line of a column.
Fifth. The combination with the principal slide rest of the temporary rest, for
supporting the type as they are moved down the channel during the time when the
principal slide is out of action.
Sixth. The combination of the slide rest of the machine with the apparatus for
separating the line of type of the length required for a column, so that when the
slide rest has been moved far enough to form a line of the required length it will
automatically set in action the second follower and the apparatus for making up
the line into a column.
Seventh. A type-setting apparatus, the selecting mechanism of which is auto-
matically locked while a single line of type is being moved out of the channel, in
combination with a temporary rest which is brought into position to receive type
which may be conducted into the channel during the transfer of the forward line.
Eighth. The combination with an apparatus (substantially as described) for
moving a line of type out of the race where it is formed into the galley, of an
automatic apparatus for "leading" the line of type and for moving it sidewise out
of the track of the slide rest, all substantially as described.
Ninth. A friction clutch for controlling the slide rest, so that it is held pressed
against its slide when moving in one direction, and is automatically liberated to
run freely in the opposite direction by means constructed and operated, sub-
stantially as described.
Tenth. The combination of a mechanism in which types are selected by keys
with an apparatus which automatically makes up each completed line of types into
column.
Eleventh. The combination with the type case of the plunger for ejecting the
type, made thicker than the thickness of the thinner type to be ejected and tapered
at its end.
Twelfth. In the combination of a type case ejector and stop, the improved stop
consisting of the revolving roller E, for the purpose of arresting the motion of the
type when ejected.
Thirteenth. The combination with the grooved back plate of the glass front plate
made in sections, each removable independently.

page_text: Fourteenth. The combination with the type case of the removable guide bar H,
secured by thumbscrews or an analogous device.
Fifteenth. The combination with a back plate having grooves of varying depths
of the types arranged so that the heavier type shall travel through the longer
grooves and the lighter through the shorter ones.
Sixteenth. The combination of the pendulum suspender and the adjustable spring,
for the purpose of controlling and making sensitive the vibrations of the gate as the
varying thicknesses of type pass through it.
Seventeenth. A type case constructed with boxes for holding types, and a
compartment for receiving and supporting a galley or similar holder for composerl
matter.
Eighteenth. A type case consisting of type boxes, grouped so as to provide a
compartment A, all substantially as described.
Nineteenth. The detaching type driver, combined with actuating means (sub-
stantially as described) whereby it is forced against the type, first, by a feeble
spring pressure, sufficient only to detach the type from its connection with the
line of type, and afterwards when the type has been detached by a stronger spring
pressure for the purpose of carrying the type into a position where it is controlled
by another mechanism in the distributing machine.
Twentieth. The combination with a type driver and a type carrier of an elastic
tongue, which is moved in advance of the movement of the type driver, and
which constitutes a guide for leading the type into the carrier as it is forced in by
the type driver, and which opens the clutch of the type carrier, substantially as
described.
Twenty-first. In a type distributing machine, type carriers, each constructed so
as to receive and hold a type, and each being a complete independent removable
instrument for that purpose by itself."
Twenty-second. The combination with the type carriers of two plungers, con-
structed substantially as described, moving in opposite directions, the one operating
on the front and the other on the rear row of carriers, or other equivalent devices
for moving a number of type carriers with an intermitting motion, permitting an
interval of rest for the purpose of removing the type.
Twenty-third. The combination with the type carriers of two drivers, constructed
substantially as described, moving in opposite directions, simultaneously acting, the
one forcing one carrier from the front to the rear row, and the other forcing one
carrier from the rear to the front row with an intermittent motion.
Twenty-fourth. The combination of the cams Q and Y with the plungers and
drivers, substantially as described, for presenting a constant succession of type
carriers to the type driver, a single one at each stroke of the type driver, for the
purpose of receiving the type.
Twenty-fifth. The combination with the type carriers of the two pairs of
channel ways for the movement of the carriers, arranged and constructed sub-
stantially as described, so that the rows of carriers in each pair will be moved in
lines parallel to each other and in opposite directions.
Twenty-sixth. The combination of the hook or catch for ejecting the type from
the carrier, with a sliding detent for dropping the hook into action, and a slide
armed with projecting pins for determining the denomination of the type in the
carrier.
Twenty-seventh. The combination of independent travelling carriers, carrying
type to be distributed with a series of hooks or catches for ejecting the type from
the carrier at the appropriate places, all substantially as described.
Twenty-eighth. The combination of the movable finger C with the cut-off
plunger A and the controlling lever E operating, substantially in the manner
described.
Twenty-ninth. The combination with the type carrier of the improved ejector
for throwing the type out of the carrier operating without a spring, substantially
as described.

page_text: Thirtieth. The combination with the type carrier of the stop Q, arranged so
that the ejector is held back as the carrier is driven forward to the initial point of
the carrier movement.
Thirty-first. The combination of the ejector hooks with vibrating toes or cams,
for the purpose of elevating the hooks independent of their own movement, both
substantially as described.
Thirty-two. The combination of the rocker arm Y with the hook W operated
by the cam V, substantially in the manner described.
Thirty-third. The combination with a galley of a follower for pushing in the
column of type to be distributed mounted upon a rod, on which it slides in the
direction of the motion of the type column, and around which it can be vibrated so
as to permit the addition of more type to the column without stopping the machine,
substantially as described.
Thirty fourth. The combination of the revolving cam for operating the slide,
which feeds in the type from the line to the carrier with the bell crank and
the liverging jaws on the slide, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Thirty-fifth. The combination with the feeding-in slide, and moving therewith
of the cap G for the purpose of preventing the type from rising in the carrier, con-
structed and arranged substantially as described.
Thirty-sixth. The combination of an adjustable spring with the feeding-in slide,
for the purpose of giving its first impulse, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
Thirty-seventh. The combination with the line follower of an adjustable friction
pulley, over which the cord operating the line follower passes for the purpose of
regulating the force with which the weight drives the line follower, substantially as
described.
Thirty-eighth. The combination of an adjuatable nose piece E with the feeding-
in slide D, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Thirty-ninth. The combination with the type driver and carrier, of a corner
piece opposite the carrier which is receiving a type, having a recess cut therein for
the purpose of holding the type from being withdrawn.
Fortieth. The constructing of the nose piece E and the corner piece I with
rounded corners, both substantially as described.
Forty-first. The combination of the roller on the cut-off G' with the line opening
finger, for the purpose described.
Forty-second. The combination of the carrier, hinged clutch, and spring, sub-
stantially as described.
Forty-third. The combination with the type carrier of the ejector with three
prongs, of which two are of full width, constructed and operated as described.
Forty-fourth. The combination of the vibrating spring clutch of the carriers with
the opening projecting stud O on the follower M which moves the line of carriers,
so arranged as to open the clutch for the reception of the type, and to hold it open
until the type has been admitted.
Forty-fifth. The combination with the feeler slides of the adjustable and
reversible section of the cam R, for the purpose of varying the movement of the
following apparatus as different kinds of type are used, both substantially as
described.
And, Forty-sixth. The combination in the case V for receiving the type from the
distributor of a spring slug with a free slug, for the purpose and operated in the
manner described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord Oue thousand
BRISTOW HUNT. (L.S.)