IMPROVE- MENTS IN SCREWBOLTS, AND METHODS OF LOCKING THE SAME
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOHN QUARMBY of 149 High St. Oxford St. Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCREWBOLTS, AND METHODS OF LOCKING THE SAME" to be as
follows:-
It consists in forming the shank of the bolt of metal tubing; thereby obtaining
greater strength and rigidity, with lightness of metal and consequent cheapness;
and in forming the nut into an airtight case for the end of the bolt and so
preserving it from corrosion.
To accomplish this, I take a piece of metal tubing cut to a suitable length, and
cast upon one end a bolt-bead. I then tap the inside and outside of the other end
with reversed threads; that is, if I tap the outside of the tube with a righthand
thread, I tap the inside with a lefthand thread, and vice versa. I now make a nut
by casting it round a short piece of tubing, which is tapped to suit the outside
thread. And after it is screwed up, I insert another smaller bolt (either solid or
hollow) inside the tube, and screw it up until it rests upon the boltout, which is
made in an elongated form so as to cover any extra length of the bolt. The bolt
is now securely locked and also preserved from corrosion by the airtight cap formed
by the nut and the smaller bolt-head. Or, I cast a nut with a covered end so as to
form a cap over the end of the bolt, which also prevents corrosion, and lock the nut
by means of a washer in the following manner viz:-The washer is prevented from
turning with the nut by means of a pin which runs in a groove cut in the bolt, or
by means of a flexible washer of fibrous substance. I cast upon the nut a small
toothed wheel and provide the washer with a paul or pauls to correspond. Or,
I reverse this, and put the toothed wheel upon the washer (either upon the side, or
by converting the washer itself into a toothed wheel) and the paul or pauls on the
nut. It will be perceived that by these methods the end of the bolt is thoroughly
preserved from corrosion by the air-tight cap, and is therefore very well adapted
for outdoor work such as fastening railway chairs to sleepers, portable engines &c,
and can by any of these methods be locked or unlocked in a moment.
I may also apply the airtight cap, and the locking arrangement to the ordinary
solid bolt.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
"
1, JOHN QUARMBY of 149, High St, Oxford Road Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCREWBOLTS AND METHODS OF LOCKING THE SAME and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
It consists in forming the shank of the bolt of metal tubing thereby obtaining
greater strength and rigidity with lightness of metal and consequent cheapness: in
forming the nut into an airtight case for the end of the bolt and in methods of
locking screw bolts either solid or hollow. To accomplish this I take a piece of
metal tubing cut to a suitable length and form upon one end, a bolthead. I then
tap the inside and outside of the other end with reversed threads; that is, if I tap
the outside of the tube with a right hand thread, I tap the inside with a left hand
thread and vice versa. I now form a nut by casting it round a bush or short pieco
of metal tubing which is tapped to fit the outside thread of the bolt and after it is
screwed up I insert another smaller bolt (either solid or hollow) inside the tube or
solid boltend (which I drill and tap for the purpose) and screw it up until it rests
upon the bolt nut, which is made in an elongated form so as to cover any extra
length of the bolt. The bolt is now securly locked, and is also preserved from
corrosion by the airtight cap formed by the nut and the smaller bolthead.
Or, I cast a nut with a covered end so as to form a cap over the end of the
bolt, which prevents corrosion; and lock the nut by means of a washer in the
following manner:-
This washer is prevented from turning with the nut by means of a pin running
in a groove cut in the bolt shank, or by means of a flexible washer of fibrous
substance.
I form upon the nut a small toothed wheel and provide the washer with a
toothed paul or pauls to correspond. Or, I reverse this, and put the toothed wheel
upon the washer (either upon the side or by converting the washer itself into a
toothed wheel) and the paul or pauls upon the nut. It will be perceived that by
these methods, the end of the bolt is thorougbly preserved from corrosion, by the
airtight cap, and is therefore very well adapted for outdoor work, such as fastening
railway chairs to sleepers; portable engines &c and can by any of these methods be
, locked or unlocked in a moment.
I can also apply the airtight cap and locking arrangement to the ordinary solid
bolts.
In order that the foregoing may be better understood, I send herewith. a sheet of
Drawings in which Fig 1 is a part section of the first locking arrangement. Fig 2 is
an elevation of the second locking arrangement & Fig 3 is a section of the air-
tight cap.
In Fig 1 a indicates the tubular bolt, b the elongated nut and c the locking bolt.
In Fig 2 d indicates the toothed wheel, e the washer carrying the paul f, g the
airtight cap.
In Fig 3 a indicates the tubular bolt and a the airtight cab,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st The use of metal tubing for making bolts, and the manner of performing the
same substantially as described and shown hereinbefore and in the accompanying
drawing for the purpose set forth.
2nd The manner and means of locking bolts substantially as described and shown
herein-before and in the accompanying drawing for the purpose set forth.
JOHN HENRY TOPHAM,
Agent for Applicant.