Improvements in Churns.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 21st Sept., 1894-Accepted, 21st Dec.,
1894
Improvements in Churns.
I, LAWRENCE Clarke TippER of "Mel Valley" Moseley Wake Green near
Birmingham in the County of Worcester, Member of the Royal College of
Veterinary Surgeons do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention consists in attaching to a shaft, a number of projections which I
term "bristles," and another form I term "blades," or I use a "whisk" after the
manner of an egg whisk, the striking edges of the whisk being bevelled to a fine
edge. The bristles, blades or whisk are made of metal vulcanite, wood, cane,
whalebone, or other suitable substance. If metal, I preferably have it tinned,
nickelled or otherwise protected from too rapid oxidation, or from the acid effects
of solutions brought in contact with the metal.
When I use the bristles they are arranged in a single circular layer or plane, or
are arranged irregularly, or are arranged in bundles round the shaft.
When use the blades, I preferably have them bevelled either plough shape,
oar shape, spear point shape, or other suitable bevel or shape, and the blades may
overlap each other or be apart from each other, or may be placed irregularly.
The shaft with the bristles, blades, or whisk is placed in a box, barrel, cylinder,
or other suitable apparatus, made of wood, metal, glass, or a combination of these
substances, the apparatus to be so constructed as to allow of its being partially open
or to be closed when in operation, or a valve may be fitted to also allow of the
escape of gases.
The box, barrel or cylinder is filled with the desired quantity of cream, or
material to be churned, and a quick rotary motion is imparted to the shaft, by
means of gearing driven by hand, or by power, or by chain gear, or friction wheels
driven in a similar manner. This rapid motion causes the bristles, blades or whisk
to act on the cream (where cream is used) liberating the butter globules, and at the
same time letting free the gases, and producing butter rapidly and economically.
Dated this Twentieth day of December 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns.
I, LAWRENCE CLARKE TIPPER, of Mel Valley, Moseley Wake Green, near
Birmingham, in the County of Worcester, Member of the Royal College of
Veterinary Surgeons, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of the herein-described improvements in churns of that
kind which consists of a stationary box barrel or cylinder in which a horizontal
shaft is mounted and arranged to revolve rapidly this shaft being provided with
lateral projecting parts which act upon the cream when cream is used and churn
the same into butter.

page_text: According to this invention I make the said lateral projections in the form of
bristles or in the form of blades of peculiar forms as herein-described whereby I
am enabled to churn butter.very rapidly.
I will describe my invention by referring to the accompanying drawings on
which Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of a churn with
the projections or blades formed in accordance with this invention; Fig. 3 is a
front elevation and Fig. 4 is a plan of another form in which I make the said
projecting blades; Fig. 5 is a front elevation and Fig. 6 is a plan of another form
in which I make the projecting blades; Fig. 7 is a front elevation and Fig. 8 is a
plan of a further modification of the said blades; Fig. 9 is a front elevation and
Fig. 10 is a plan of a further modification of the same; Fig. 11 is a front elevation
and Fig. 12 is a plan of yet another modification of the same; Figs. 13, 14
and 15 illustrate projections made in the form of bristles in accordance with this
invention.
The same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in all the
figures of the drawings.
A (Figs. 1 and 2) is the stationary box for containing the cream to be churned
this box A being of the kind well known as used in other churns of this class; (or
instead of the stationary box A I may use a stationary barrel or cylinder). B is
the horizontal shaft mounted to revolve rapidly in bearings in the sides of the
box A and provided with any suitable arrangement of gearing (such for instance as
a spur wheel c and pinion d) by which the shaft B can by hand or by power be
caused to revolve rapidly. Upon the shaft BI attach according to one part of
this invention a number of blades e which radiate from a central boss E which is
fixed on the shaft B so as to revolve therewith. I make these blades e of any of
the peculiar shapes shewn having their striking edges f bevelled to fine edges so as
to cut into the cream and cause it to fly off from the edges in very fine streams.
The planes of the blades e are slightly inclined to the plane of rotation so as to
impart an end wise movement to the cream at the same time that it is thrown off in
fine streams as aforesaid thus thoroughly churning the same. By an examination
of my drawings it will be seen that the blades may be of various forms; for
instance in Fig. 1 the radial edges fare slightly hollowed the outer edges.f" being
portions of a circle of which the shaft B is the centre. In Figs. 3 and 4 the radial
edges are straight and slightly overlap each other; Figs. 5 and 6 the blades e
are of somewhere about the same shape as those shewn in Figs. 3 and 4 but the
blades are fewer in number; in Figs. 7 and 8 the blades e are somewhat spear
pointed the striking edges f¹ being bevelled off as aforesaid; in Figs. 9 and 10 the
blades are of a rounded form the striking edges being bevelled to a fine edge as
aforesaid; in Figs. 11 and 12 the blades are somewhat of the same shape as shewn
by Figs. 5 and 6 but as will be seen by the plan view Fig. 12 they are set to
incline alternately towards the right hand and towards the left hand thus having
the effect of moving the cream alternately to and fro at the same time that it is
thrown off in fine streams as above described.
According to another part of my said invention instead of employing the blades e
I provide and fix on the boss E bristles g of wire or other suitable substance by
preference arranged in bunches as shewn in Figs. 13, 14 and 15 these bunches
being all in the same plane Fig. 14 or arranged in different planes Fig. 15.
The box like part A of the churn is provided with a removable lid a¹ which is
made rather narrower than the churn so as to allow an air space such as a² at one
or both sides and in order to prevent the cream oozing out round the ends of the
lid or cover a when the cream is being churned there are or may be two splash
pieces a a' which are dropped into the churn before the lid is placed thereon
see Fig. 1.
A churn constructed according to my invention is used in the well known manner
that is to say the box like part A (or the stationary barrel or cylinder) is filled
with the desired quantity of cream and a quick rotary motion is given to the
shaft B which causes the blades e or the bristles to act upon the cream (when

page_text: cream is used) thus liberating the butter globules and at the same time letting free
the gases and producing butter rapidly and economically.
By making the blades e of the peculiar shapes and arranging them as herein-
before described and shewn I am enabled to churn very rapidly because the
bevelled edges of the blades burst the oil globules and the large surfaces of the
blades take up and throw off the cream and expose it to the air at the same time
the blades being inclined to the plane of rotation continually bring fresh parts of
the cream to be acted upon by the blades. The bristles have a somewhat similar
effect in churning as do the blades as the bristles whip and aerate the cream
bursting the oil globules and making the butter very rapidly.
•
The bristles or blades may be made of metal or vulcanite wood or other suitable
substance such as cane or whalebone for the bristles or china or earthenware for
the blades. If made of metal I prefer to have them tinned enamelled nickelled or
otherwise protected from too rapid oxidization or from the acid effects of solutions
brought into contact with the metal.
I wish it to be understood that I am aware that prior to my invention rotary
blades of some kinds have been used in churns and therefore I do not claim the
use in churns of blades of every kind and form but
'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
.ރ
1. In churns of the kind herein referred to and in combination with the
stationary box barrel or cylinder of the same for containing the cream to be
churned, the employment of blades adapted to revolve about a horizontal axis said
blades being inclined to the plane of rotation and made with bevelled striking edges
and of any of the improved forms substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. In a churn of the kind herein referred to and in combination with the
stationary box barrel or cylinder of the same for containing the cream to be
churned, the employment of wire or other bristles mounted so as to revolve rapidly
about a horizontal axis and whip and churn the cream substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.
Dated this 20th day of September 1904
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.