MENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES'
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hochhausen, of the City and State of New
York, United States of America, Electrician. for an Invention of
MENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES'
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IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hochhausen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1883.
WILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN of the City and State of New York United States of
America, Electrician " IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES."
In many dynamo electric machines the necessary speed in passing the wires
through the magnetic field can only be attained by very rapid revolutions of the
shaft or axis of the armature, hence there is considerable loss of power from
friction.
I remedy this by making an armature wheel of a large diameter, so that the
necessary movement before the field cores can be obtained without unnecessary
friction on the shaft.
I also make the armature of discs of metal such as copper cut into a series of
zig-zags, the portions of the discs in which the currents are set up are radial, or
nearly radial strips, united two and two alternately at the outer and inner ends so
as to form a closed circuit around the armature. A number of such plates are
placed together with insulating material between them, and they are secured to
each other by insulated rivets and to a hub upon the armature shaft. In some
instances the zig-zags of the discs are separated, and the end of one disc united to
the opposite end of the next disc at the openings and so on throughout a layer of
insulated discs, so that the whole of the discs will be in one circuit connected up,
and the lateral wires or connections to the commutator bars are to be from the inner
parts of the zig zags of the armature discs.
In some cases the field magnets are at opposite sides of the armature discs, and
in other instances the armature discs are at a sufficient distance from each other to
D.

page_text: allow for field magnet poles to be introduced between them; these poles are of
alternate North and South polarity.
The arcs or connections between the radial parts or bars of the discs are larger
than the radial bars themselves so as to lessen resistance to the induced currents
and ensure a more perfect development of current without loss of power or heating
of the parts.
The commutator bars are connected as bars extending out from rings and
alternating so as to commutate the current to the brushes and cause the same to
flow in one direction.
The rings however are grooved on their edges and brushes applied to the same
to take off alternating currents.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Hochhausen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th November 1883.
WILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America, Electrician IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
In many dynamo electric machines the necessary speed in passing the wires
through the magnetic field can only be attained by very rapid revolutions of the
shaft or axis of the armature, hence there is considerable loss of power from
friction.
I remedy this by making the armature wheel of a large diameter, so that the
necessary movement before the field cores can be obtained without unnecessary
friction on the shaft.
I also make the armature disks of metal such as copper cut into a series of
zig-zags, the portions of the disks in which the currents are set up are radial or
nearly radial strips united two and two alternately at the outer and inner ends so
as to form a closed circuit around the armature. A number of such plates are
placed together with insulating material between them, and they are secured to
each other by insulated rivets and to a hub upon the armature shaft.
In some instances the zig zags of the disks are separated and the end of one
disk united to the opposite end of the next disk at the openings and so on
throughout a layer of insulated disks, so that the whole of the disks will be in
one circuit connected up, and the lateral wires or connections to the commutator
bars are to be from the inner parts of the zig-zags of the armature disks.
In some cases the field magnets are at opposite sides of the armature disks and
in other instances the armature disks are at a sufficient distance from each other
to allow for field magnet poles to be introduced between them: these poles are of
alternate north and south polarity.
The arcs or connections between the radial parts or bars of the disk are larger

page_text: than the radial bars themselves so as to lessen resistance to the induced currents
and ensure a more perfect development of current without loss of power or heating,
of the parts.
The commutator bars are connected as bars extending out from rings and
alternating so as to commutate the current to the brushes and cause the same to
flow in one direction. The rings, however, are grooved on their edges and brushes
applied to the same to take off alternating currents.
In the drawings
Fig. 1. is a vertical longitudinal section of a machine embodying my invention.
Fig. 2. is a vertical central cross-section through the armature.
Fig. 3. is a theoretical illustration of one of the armature plates.
Fig. 4. illustrates theoretically the connection of parallel plates.
Fig. 5. is a vertical longitudinal section of a modification of the invention.
Fig. 6. is a vertical cross-section of fig. 5.
Fig. 7. illustrates theoretically the principle of action of the machine shown in
figures 5. and 6.
In fig. 1. A. represents the base plate of the machine and B. a standard supporting
the armature shaft a. at one end while B¹. is a plate at the other end supporting
the armature shaft and also a series of field magnets on one side of the armature.
Said plate B¹. is circular in outline and the field magnets C. supported thereby are
placed in a circular range as shown in figure 2. B². is a similar plate supporting a
series of magnets C². projecting towards the series C. a suitable space being left
between the poles of the two series for the armature. The magnets C. are made
of alternately north and south polarity at their polar ends by a suitable winding or
connection of their magnetizing coils while the series C. are also of alternately
north and south polarity but are so arranged that a north pole of the range C. is
opposite a south pole of the range 0.
Mounted on the armature shaft a. is a series of thin metal plates each of the
form shown in fig. 2. and consisting of radial portions c. joined alternately at their
inner and outer ends by the portions d. e. so as to make a continuous conducting
path through the whole plate back and forth radially to and from the armature
shaft. Said plate may be made in any desirable manner either by stamping out of
sheet metal or otherwise.-It is cut at f' to form the terminals, one of said
terminals being bent out of the plane of the plate and soldered to the opposite
terminal of a contiguous plate on one side, while the other is bent and soldered to
the opposite terminal of a contiguous plate in the other side, thus joining all the
plates in a continuous conducting path as indicated in fig. 4.
The two outside plates of the parallel plates have enlarged inwardly projecting
ends at g. to which are connected the conductors f. f' leading to the commutator
or collector. Conductor 2 is upon the opposite side of the armature shaft a.
from f. and is connected to its terminal of the series of plates through a metallic
ring . and a bolt or stud at L. this construction being adopted because of the high
velocity at which the machine is run and the consequent necessity for balancing
the armature accurately. The armature plates are secured together at their inner
and outer portions by bolts m. passing through insulating sleeves as indicated and
the contiguous plates are kept out of metallic connection with one another
excepting at their terminals which are soldered together by suitable pieces of.
insulating material.
The inner bolts m. pass through clamping and supporting plates D. suitably
secured to the armature shaft. The radial portions c. of the plates are parallel to
one another and are as many in number as the pairs of opposite magnets C. C².
As will be readily seen the distances between the centers of the armature plates
are the same as the distances between the centers of the field magnets C or C³. on
the same side of the armature and by reason of the magnetic polarities stated, the
direction of current in any one radial portion will in accordance with well known
laws be in the opposite direction from that in the continuous radial portions, that
is if in one portion it be towards the center it will in continuous portions be away

page_text: from the center, so that the current in all the radial portion will by means of the
connecting portions d. and e. be combined in series in every plate and by proper
connections between the plates as described, the currents of the several plates will
be combined in series or for tension. It will moreover be seen that the current
will reverse in all the plates simultaneously owing to the symmetrical arrangement
of the plates with relation to the magnets.
It will be observed that in the construction here shown, the radial portions c.
only are effecient in generating current and that the portions d. e. while serving
the useful purpose of connecting the parts c. interpose useless resistance.
accordingly give the portions d. e. a much larger area of cross section than the
portion c. so as to diminish this injurious effect as far as possible and this I do by
widening the plates at these parts, although the same effect might be attained by
thickening them. With the latter plan, however it would not be possible to use so
large a number of plates between the field magnets so that there would be less
electro-motive force of current obtainable
The conductors f. f are connected in the ordinary or any suitable manner to
an ordinary commutator indicated at F. for straightening or converting into
continuous currents the alternating currents generated in the armature plates.
Said conductors are also connected to the continuous rings n. n. from which if
desired alternating currents may be taken off by the brushes or springs o. 0
These
parts being well known in the art need not be described in detail. In this form!
of machine the armature is peculiarly free from heating as its form allows ready
circulation of air between and around the conductors.
In the modification shown in figs. 5. and C. the plates rotate in separate
magnetic fields instead of all in the same circular range of magnetic fields.
H..H. H. indicate ordinary electro-magnets bolted between two rings or plates P. P.
and having the polarities indicated by the letters N. S. that is to say, the pole
pieces of said magnets in the same circular range are alternately north and south
while those in the line parallel to the shaft are also alternately north and south.
Between the three interpolar spaces formed by the four ranges, rotate the three
separate armature plates shown of substantially the form before described, secured
by bolts in and insulated from one another by the block t. of insulating material.
The three plates are connected at their terminals to one another by wires w. and
to the conductors f. f2 by the means before described or in any other suitable
manner so as to combine the currents in said plates for tension, the proper
terminals being connected as indicated in fig. 7. having regard to the polarities of
current that will be produced therein by the arrangement of field magnets so as to
prevent any conflict of currents.
In this form of the machine the armature plates can be made much thicker while
at the same time the poles of the field magnets can be brought nearer together so
as to subject the plates to stronger magnetic action. The armature plates being
comparatively thick and rigid need not be bound together at their circumference.
When the machine is to be used for obtaining continuous currents it is
preferable to reduce the number of the field magnets and radial portions of
the plates.
I am aware that it is not new to rotate radial conducting wires between the
poles of magnets, and I therefore make no claim to such a construction of
machine.
It
I have herein described the rotating plates as connected for tension effects.
is obvious that they might be connected in multiple arc or for quantity in the well
known manner.
What I claim as my Invention is
First. In a dynamo electric machine, a conducting armature plate having radial
portions c. and alternate interior and exterior portions e. d. of larger sectional area
as and for the purpose described.
Second, The combination with a series of parallel conducting plates connected in

page_text: series and each formed with the radial and connecting portions as described, of a
series of field magnets between whose poles said plates are made to rotate.
Third. In a dynamo electric machine, an armature plate composed of radial
portions and alternate interior and exterior connecting portions, said plate being
provided with a projecting portion g. as and for the purpose described
Fourth. The combination with the rotating radial conductors, of the con-
ductors f. f arranged on opposite sides of the shaft and the conducting ring
between one of said conductors and a terminal of the radial conductors whereby
the armature is balanced.
Fifth. The armature plate c. e. d. having portions e. and d. wider than the radial
portion c.
Sixth. The combination with the two circular ranges of magnets C. C'. of a series
of conducting plates formed as described, and having their radial portions in the
same lines parallel with the armature shaft said plates being bolted together and
rotating in the interpolar space between the two ranges of magnets.
Seventh. The combination with three or more armature plates having radial
portions and alternate interior and exterior connections, of circular ranges of field
magnets between and at the sides of the respective armature plates and arranged
so that the polarities of said field magnets alternate both in the line of the axis of
the armature and in the direction of rotation, substantially as specified
In witness whereof I the said William Hochhausen have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty fifth day of September A.D. 1883.
WILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN (L.S.)
Witnesses
CHAS H. SMITH 140 Nassau St. New York
I. STAIB
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