IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS-WARE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred George Brookes of 59 Chancery Lane in the
county of Middlesex Patent Agent for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS-WARE" communicated to him from abroad by
William. L Libbey of Newton in the county of Middlesex and state of
Massachusetts one of the United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred George Brookes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1883.
ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES of 59. Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Patent Agent IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS WARE (a com-
munication to me from abroad by William L. Libbey of Newton in the county
of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts one of the United States of America.)
This invention has for its object the production of a novel class of glass-ware as
a new article of manufacture, and consists in the manufacture of glass ware
composed of homogeneous stock having differing or contrasting colors blended or
merged one into the other as will be described.
Also in the art or method of manufacturing articles of glass of homogeneous
stock and producing therein different colors, which consists in cooling the article
and re heating parts of the same unequally, thereby producing the desired variations
in color.
Articles of glass-ware presenting different colors as now commonly made are
either composed of a body of one class or color of glass plated or veneered with
glass of a different color or kind: or of glass of different colors or materials mixed
and melted, the different colors or kinds showing more or less distinctly in the
product: or of pieces of different colored glass incorporated with glass just removed
from the pot and yet plastic, but neither of these classes of glass are of homogeneous
or of like stock throughout.
In accordance with this invention the article of glass-ware showing different
colors is all of one kind of glass, or the glass for the production of the entire
article is all the result of the same mixture, and is taken from the same pot or
crucible the change in color being produced entirely in the manufacture of the
ware by the action upon it of varying degrees of heat.
D

page_text: To produce glass-ware in accordance with this invention the material known to
skilled glass-makers as an amber glass mixture or one containing the metal gold
and as commonly used for making ruby glass is taken and melted in a pot in an
ordinary furnace thus forming of it amber glass.
The latter is then gathered on a blow-iron or punty and taken from the pot in
the usual manner and is blown, moulded, or pressed, or fashioned into the shape
it is desired that the article of glass-ware to be produced shall have, the article
being gradually shaped as commonly done and as is well understood by glass
makers.
The change of color in the article is gradually effected during the operation of
making and shaping the same by cooling the article more or less, and then
re-heating different portions of the same to different degrees or by subjecting more
or less of the said article to the action of heat issuing from the usual "glory hole"
or from a pot hole such as commonly found in glass works or other modes of
heating the article may be resorted to.
When heating the article at the "glory hole" it will be moved toward and from
the mouth of the same or it may be from the pot hole, to permit the heat and
gases to act upon those parts of the article upon which the color is to be developed
the developed color being different from that of the natural color of the home-
geneous base or stock, or in other words more or less of the article is exposed to
heat of greater or less intensity and for a longer or shorter period according to the
color it is desired to develop, or the contrast which it is desired to produce in
different portions of the article, all parts of which are of uniform texture or material
or what has been herein called stock.
L
During the formation of glass ware for table use, vases, et cetera, in accordance
with my invention, one end or portion of the article being made from amber glass
as described is permitted to become more or less cool, and in order to develop
ruby color more or less dense on but a portion of the article, and cause the
developed colors to blend or gradually merge into other colors common to amber
glass, the portions of the article which are to show the developed color are reheated
producing a color contrasting with that of the part not so heated, and in so doing
parts of the article are re-heated to a greater or less degree preferably continuing
to revolve the same by a suitable rod attached to the article being made, the
developed color being at one or the other end of the article according to which end
thereof the said rod is attached, the action of the heat or flame issuing from the
glory hole
or from other suitable source of heat against the article resulting in
the production of an article of glass-ware showing different colors. blended one
into the other, the ruby or other colors developed from the amber glass being made
more or less according to the duration of the furnace heat, the color different from
that of the original color of the glass when first removed from the furnace being
extended more or less throughout the entire article according as more or less of the
said article is subjected to the action of the heat or gases as stated.
Starting with amber glass as a base it has been found possible by the action of
heat alone to develop on a part of the article composed of homogeneous stock a
more or less deep ruby color and also to develop in the said article a violet shade
and a greenish and a blueish and other tinges.
An amber glass mixture containing gold has been herein mentioned as the one
from which beautiful results have been obtained but it should be understood that
otlier metals and substances employed to give color to glass compounds may be
found to produce a glass which when subjected to heat as described will show
developed colors differing from those produced with amber glass, and different
effects in color will be noticeable according to whether the gold is pure or contains
au alloy

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred George Brookes in the Patent Office on the 21st January
1884.
.
"
ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES of 59, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Patent Agent IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS-WARE (com-
municated to me from abroad by William L. Libbey of Newton in the County of
Middlesex and State of Massachusetts one of the United States of America)
This invention has for its object the production of a novel class of glass-ware as
a new article of manufacture, and consist in the manufacture of glass-ware
composed of homogeneous stock having differing or contrasting colors blended or
merged one into the other as will be described.
Also in that improvement in the art or method of manufacturing articles of glass
of homogeneous stock and producing therein different colors, which consists in
cooling the articles and reheating parts of the same unequally, thereby producing
the desired variations in color.
Articles of glass-ware presenting different colors as now commonly made are
either composed of a body of one class or color of glass plated or veneered with
glass of a different color or kind; or of glass of different colors or materials mixed
and melted, the different colors or kinds showing more or less distinctly in the
product; or of pieces of different colored glass incorporated with glass just removed
from the pot and yet plastic, but neither of these classes of glass are of homogeneous
or of like stock throughout.
In accordance with this invention the article. of glass-ware showing different
colors is all of one kind of glass, or the glass for the production of the entire
article is all the result of the same mixture, and is taken from the same pot or
crucible, the change in color being produced entirely in the manufacture of the
ware by the action upon it of varying degrees of heat as will be described.
The drawing shows a piece of glass ware embodying this invention
To produce glass-ware in accordance with this invention the material known to
skilled glass makers as an amber glass mixture or one containing the metal gold;
and as commonly used for making ruby glass is taken and melted in a pot in an
ordinary furnace thus forming of it amber glass.
The latter is then gathered on a blow iron or punty and taken from the pot in,
the usual manner and is blown, moulded, or pressed, or fashioned into the shape it
is desired that the article of glass-ware to be produced shall have, the article being
gradually shaped as commonly done and as is well understood by glass makers
The change of color in the article is gradually effected during the operation of
making and shaping the same by cooling the article more or less and then
re-heating different portions of the same to different degrees, or by subjecting
more or less of the said article to the action of heat issuing from the usual "glory
hole or from a pot hole such as commonly found in glass works or other modes
of heating the article may be resorted to
"
When heating the article at the "glory hole" it will be moved toward and from
the mouth of the same or it may be from the pot hole, to permit the heat and
gases to act upon those parts of the articles upon which the color is to be developed,
the developed color being different from that of the natural color of the homogeneous
base or stock, or in other words more or less of the article is exposed to heat of
greater or less intensity and for a longer or shorter period according to the color it
is desired to develop, or the contrast which it is desired to produce in different
portions of the article, all parts of which are of uniform texture or material or
what has been herein called stock.

page_text: During the formation of glass-ware for table use, vases, etc, in accordance with
my invention, one end or portion of the article being made from amber glass as
described is permitted to become more or less cool, and in order to develop a ruby
color more or less dense on but a portion of the article, and cause the developed
colors to blend or gradually merge into other colors common to amber glass; the
portions of the article which are to show the developed color are reheated, pro-
ducing a color contrasting with that of the part not so heated and in so doing
parts of the article are reheated to a greater or less degree preferably.continuing
to revolve the same by a suitable rod attached to the article being made, the
developed color being at one or the other end of the article according to which end
thereof the said rod is attached, the action of the heat or flame issuing from the
"glory hole
or from other suitable source of heat against the article resulting in
the production of an article of glass-ware showing different colors blended. one
into the other, the ruby or other colors developed from the amber glass being
made more or less according to the duration of the furnace heat, the color different
from that of the original color of the glass when first removed from the furnace
being extended more or less throughout the entire article according as more or less
of the said article is subjected to the action of the heat or gases as stated
"
Starting with amber glass as a base it has been found possible by the action of
heat alone to develop on a part of the article composed of homogeneous stock a
more or less deep ruby color and also to develope, in the said article a violet shade
and greenish and a blueish and other tinges."
In the drawing representing a champagne tumbler of amber glass, the lower end
marked a is supposed to be of amber color, but its upper portion b shown by
darker color is supposed to be of a developed or ruby color, a darker color-than
that shown by portion a
I have described an amber glass mixture containing gold as the one from which
have been obtained, beautiful results but I desire it to be understood that other
metals and substances employed to give color to glass compounds-may be found to
produce a glass which when subjected to heat as described will show developed
colors differing from those produced with amber glass, and different effects in color
will be noticable according to whether the gold is pure or contains an alloy
I claim
1.. As a new article of manufacture, glass-ware composed of homogeneous stock
presenting different color blended' into each other, as shown and described.
2. That improvement in the art or method of manufacturing articles of glass of
homogeneous stock and producing therein different colors, which consists in cooling
the article and reheating parts of the same unequally thereby producing the
desired variations in color, as stated.
In witness whereof I the said Alfred George Brookes have hereinto set my hand
and seal this twenty-first day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four
AIUDun CHORCE PROOKES
Tal
מחמדז
WORCE PROOKES (10)
CHO

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