IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DRYING YARNS, PAPER, & FABRICS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Johnson, of Pendleton, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and Alfred Giles, of Manchester, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DRYING YARNS,
PAPER, & FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Johnson and
Alfred Giles at the Office of the Commissioners' of Patents, with thoir
Petition, on the 10th May 1867.
We, JAMES JOHNSON, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, and ALFRED GILES, of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, for." IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DRYING
YARNS, PAPER, & FABRICS," to be as follows:---
According to the first part of our. Invention we use a framework consisting,
of discs. of large diameter mounted on a horizontal axis and fixed together by
stays and rods at the circumference so as to form a kind of skeleton cylinder.;.
channels or grooves are formed in these discs, or they may be formed separate
and, attached to the discs in a radial direction all round, and the channels
are arranged so as to be exactly opposite to one another. The yarn, paper, or
fabric to be dried is carried by separate frames which have projections.formed
upon them, so that they may be run into the grooves or channels in the discs..
The frames on being. put into the machine stretch across from one disc to
the other, and are supported in the grooves at each side; these frames, which

page_text: may be formed of wood or iron, are arranged according to the material
intended to be dried; for hanks they may be arranged with hooks attached to
spring at one side and fixed hooks at the other side, and the hanks are carried
by rods which fit into these hooks, the springs keeping the banks extended.
A number of hooks may be fixed at different distances from the hooks on the
springs, so as to allow for variations in the lengths of the hanks to be dried.
For paper and fabrics these frames may be furnished with pins or clips to
catch hold of the edges or sides of the fabric or paper, and these clips or pins
may be attached to pins so as to keep the paper or fabric extended. When
these frames are filled they are run into the grooves in the discs, catches being
arranged to prevent them from slipping out again. The machine is enclosed
in a chamber, and when all these frames or creels are placed in the machine
it may be revolved, and a current of air may be created in the chamber by
means of a blowing or exhausting fan, and this may, when required, be
heated by any of the well-known contrivances for this purpose. In order that
the frames carrying the materials to be dried may be more conveniently fed
into and removed from the machine an opening is formed in the chamber
which encloses the machine, and an intermittent motion is imparted to the
axis of the machine, so that when the grooves or channels in the discs arrive
opposite to the opening in the chamber the motion is arrested to give time for
the frame already in the machine to be withdrawn, and for another one
carrying material which has yet to be dried to be put in its place; the machine
is then revolved until the next pair of grooves arrive opposite the opening.
The fiamies may also be fed into the machine and delivered therefrom by means
of self-acting mechanism.
The second part of our Invention may be described as follows:-Upon a
horizontal axis we fix a number of frames at right angles to the axis; to
these frames may be attached a similar arrangement of hooks and springs to
that already described in reference to the first part of our Invention so as to
carry the rods or rollers upon which the hanks are extended and held. This
machine is also adapted for drying paper and fabrics which may be extended
by clips and pins formed on rods carried in the hooks which carry the rollers
upon which the banks are dried. Or the fabric or paper may be carried by
clips or pins attached to separate frames, the frames on the axis being fur-
nished with grooves, or being otherwise specially arranged so as to carry these
separate frames; the machine is caused to revolve in a chamber into which
hot or cold air is driven.
In the next place our improvements consist in attaching the slides or
grooves which carry the frames containing the material to be dried to endless

page_text: chains or ropes working over chain wheels or pulleys arranged to work in a
flue or chamber which may have a partition in the centre, so that the train of
frames travelling in one direction is separated from those travelling in the
other direction. The frames may be fed into and removed from the machine
at any convenient point; the chains carrying the frames, may travel hori-
zontally or vertically. When drying hanks in any of these machines in order
to expose all parts of the hand equally to the heat we cause the rollers
carrying them to revolve ;; this we accomplish by using small wheels in con-
nection with the rollers, which by coming in contact with tappets or racks as
the machine revolves cause the rollers to turn. In drying warps or fabrics we
use an arrangement of rollers placed in a flue or chamber of requisite height,
and feed in the warp or fabric by means of an endless feed sheet; the warp
or fabric is then passed vertically through the flue or chamber, which is
supplied with hot or cold air by means of a blowing or exhausting fan and a
suitable heating apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Johnson 'and Alfred Giles in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th November 1867.*
.I...
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
JOHNSON, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and
ALFRED GILES, of Manchester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth. year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,, the said
James Johnson and Alfred Giles, Her special licence that we, the said James
Johnson and Alfred Giles, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said James Johnson and Alfred Giles, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DRYING YARNS, PAPER, AND
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James
Johnson and Alfred Giles, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and scals,

page_text: should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Johnson, on behalf of myself and
the said Alfred Giles, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
According to one part of our Invention we use a framework consisting of
discs of large diameter mounted on a horizontal axis and fixed together by
stays and rods at the circumference so as to form a kind of a skeleton cylinder.
Channels or grooves are formed in these discs, or these grooves may be made
separate and attached to the discs in a radial direction all round, and these
channels are arranged so as to be exactly opposite one another. The yarn,
paper, or fabric to be dried is carried by separate frames which have pro-
jections formed upon them so that they may be run into the grooves or
channels in the discs. The frames on being put into the machine stretch
across from one disc to the other, and are supported in grooves at each side;
these frame, which may be formed of wood or iron, are arranged according to
the material to be dried. For hanks they may be like those already adopted,
or may be arranged as follows:-Two rollers or bars may be connected
together by tubes in such a manner that two tubes of equal diameter are
fastened to or near the ends of one of the rollers or bars of the frame or creel,
while to the other roller or bar two other tubes are fastened at or near its
ends, but of smaller diameter than the tubes on the first roller or bar, so that
the smaller tubes may slide in the larger ones in a similar manner to the
tubes of a telescope; the rollers may be set a certain distance apart and kept
at that distance by set screws. For paper or fabrics these frames or creels
are constructed in a similar manner to that above described, and may be fur-
nished with pins or clips to catch hold of the edges or sides of the paper or
fabrics. When these frames are filled they are run into the grooves in the
discs, catches being arranged to prevent these frames slipping out again.
According to another part of our Invention we use two or more square or
circular discs mounted on a central shaft, and connected together by stays or
rods, so that they may always keep the same relative position to each other.
These discs are provided with channels or grooves exactly opposite one another
in two adjacent dises; these grooves or channels may either be all parallel to
each other (and this arrangement we prefer when square discs or frames are
used), or when circular discs are used we prefer to arrange the channels or
•

page_text: grooves in the discs in three, four, or more groups, the channels or grooves in.
cach group may be parallel to each other. Tho creels or frames that aro.
intended to hold the yarn, paper, or fabric to be dried are made to slide into;
these grooves and stretch across from, one 'disc to, the other, and are supported,
in these grooves at each side. When the.machine is made to revolve, to pre-
vent the creels from slipping out again we provide, when square frames or,
discs are used, long narrow strips, hinged in such a manner to two opposite
sides of the frames that they may be moved similarly to a door and be made,
to close up the ends of the grooves in the discs or leave them open, as may be,
required, for holding the creels in their places or to allow the creels to be
withdrawn from or slided into the grooves.. When the hinges, or strips, or,
doors are closed upon the grooves they may be held in that position by a,
fastening or catch, or other usual means for this purpose, so that they will noţ
turn back and allow the creels to fall out. When circular discs are used we,
provide strips curved to the circumference of the disc, made wide enough to
come over or close the ends of the grooves in the discs; these .strips are con-
nected to a hinge or joint so that they may either close the grooves or leave
them open. To keep the grooves closed up by the strip.we use a fastening or
catch to prevent the strip, from turning back on the hinge or joint. To pre-
vent the creels from slipping out towards the centre the outer bar or roller of
the creel is made larger or thicker than the inner, one, a corresponding recess.
is provided at, the outer end of the grooves to accommodate the outer and
larger bar; the creels can therefore be slided into the grooves of, the machine,
until the larger bars or rollers come into the recess, when they, are, prevented,
from going further, and when the strips are closed over the grooves at the
outer end the creels are held in position. The above-described machines can,
be so arranged that the frames or discs containing the creels can revolve on,
the shaft while the shaft remains stationary, or the frames or, discs may boy
fixed to the shaft and revolve with it. The shaft in each case may be made
.either solid or hollow. Amachine is enclosed in a chamber, and when all
the frames or creels are placed in the machine it may be revolved, and a current
of air may be created in the chamber by means of a blowing or exhausting.
fan; this air may, if required, be heated by any well-known means or con-
trivance. The current of air should be distributed, as evenly as possible,
throughout the chamber, and in order to get the best result it should be made
to enter it. in as central a point as possible. A convenient method of effecting
this is to make the shaft hollow and to give a round or flat form to that por
tion which is in the interior of the chamber, that portion which revolves in the
bearings, or upon which the disc revolves being of course made circular. The

page_text: air may be driven in through the hollow shaft, which is perforated with a
number of small holes, and is thus distributed through the whole length of
the machine, and is delivered in the very centre of the mass of material to be
dried. Air may also be introduced into the chamber at any other part, so as
to create a good circulation of air to carry off the moisture of the yarn, paper,
or fabric to be dried,
In order that our Invention may be more clearly understood wo have
annexed Drawings showing the best mode we are acquainted with for putting
our Invention into practice.
Sheet 1, Fig. 1, is a longitudinal section of a machine and drying chamber
made in accordance with one part of the above description, and Fig. 2 is a
cross section of the same. A is the central shaft or axis which carries the
frames or discs B, B, to which are attached the grooves C, C, in a radial
direction, some of these grooves only are shown in Fig. 1, but the position of
the others is shown by the dotted lines. D is the chamber in which the
machine works; this chamber should be furnished with a ventilator E.
Fig. 3 is a plan of one of the frames or creels arranged to carry hanks.
The two rollers or bars A, B, are connected together by the tubes C, C, and
D, D; the tubes D, D, are of smaller diameter than the tubes C, C, and
slide into them in a similar manner to the tubes of a telescope. The rollors
may be set any distance apart by the set screws E, E.
Fig. 4 is a view of a frame similar to the one above described, but arranged
with clips to hold paper or fabrics. A, B, are the clips which may be
attached to the bars or rollers C and D. An end view of one of these clips is
shown at F. In order that these frames may be more conveniently fixed into
the machine an opening is made into the chamber which encloscs the machine,
and an intermittent motion is imparted to the axis of the machine, so that
when the grooves or channels in the discs arrive opposite to the opening in
the chamber the motion is arrested to give time for the frame already in the
machine to be withdrawn and for another one carrying the material which
has yet to be dried to be put in its place. The machine is then revolved
until the next pair of grooves arrive opposite the opening. The opening in
the chamber through which the frames are fed into the machine is shown
at F, Fig. 1, and the gear by which the intermittent motion is impartel to
the machine is shown in Fig. 5. A is the driving pulley, which by means of
gearing communicates motion to the shaft carrying the pinion B; this pinion
has one tooth and works into a star wheel C which is keyed on to the shaft o
the machine. It will easily be seen that from the shape of the parts in
contact the wheel C is kept in its position until the tooth on the pinion E

page_text: -
engages in it; and then it moves on one tooth, and is again kept in its position
until the tooth again comes round. Other well-known means may also be
adopted to effect the same object. By-substituting, for the one-toothed pinion
aud star wheel a spur pinion and wheel, a continuous motion may be imparted
to the machine, or the motion may be intermittent during the feeding in and
taking out of the creels, and then a continuous motion may be given until the
material in tlie machine is dry; this may be accomplished by means of an
ordinary clutcli.
-
.
نام
In Fig. 6 is shown- an enlarged view of the end of one of the channels or
grooves with the spring catch for holding the frame-in its place. A is the
channel; B, the spring; C, the catch pin which passes through the holes or
notches D, D, and through a similar hole or notch in the projection on the
frame or creel. When the groove A.comes opposite the opening F, Fig. 1,
the projecting portion of the spring. B. comes in, contact with a cam by which
it is pressed back into the position shown in Fig. 7, so as to leave the channel
clear for the frances to be passed in or taken out. As the machine again
moves on the spring passes the cam and returns to the position indicated in
Fig. 6, and thus keeps the frame in its place.
In Fig. 8 is shown a portion of: one of the frames and a roller. The roller_
is so arranged that it may be turned round as the machine revolves, so that
all parts of the banks may be equally exposed to the action of the heat or
current of air. To accomplish this the roller projects beyond the frame, and
is furnished at its end with a small pulley; this pulley should have a roughened
or toothed edge. As the machine revolves the pulley constantly comes in
contact with cams or tappets or racks fixed in the chamber. In frames
arranged in this manner the position of the pulley roller must be fixed, and
all the adjustment for different lengths of hanks must be made from the other
roller. We are aware that it is not new to cause rollers carrying hanks to be
dried to turn, as this has been already done in other machines.
In Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section
of another machine, and Fig. 10 is a cross section of the same. A, A, is the
shaft revolving in the bearings B, B; C, C, are the frames or discs, which
may be made circular or square. These frames are shown furnished with
grooves to hold the separate frames or creels, like those already described for
carrying the materials to be dried. If found necessary a revolving motion
might also be imparted to the rollers carrying the hanks in this machine in a
similar manner to that already described when circular discs are used. These
Figures also show the shaft perforated by small holes D, D. In feeding
this machine it will be found most convenient to put all the creels into the

page_text: machine at the same time, and when the grooves are arranged in groups the
machine may be partially revolved in order to bring up another set of grooves
when one set has been filled. In order to give sufficient access to the
machine the chamber is furnished with a sliding door, which is shown at G,
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11 shews a square frame; Figs. 12 and 13 show the hinged strips for
closing up the grooves of the discs when the creels are to be held in position.
A, A, are the grooves; B, B, are the strips; C, C, are the hinges or joints
which allow the strips to open or close the grooves of the discs.
With reforence to the other plans described in our Provisional Specification
we do not find them successful.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Johnson, on behalf of myself and
the said Alfred Giles, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth
day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-seven.
TAMB
ΤΟ ΠΑΤΟΟΙ