IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING HEAT BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stanislas Wikentjevitsch Konn, of the Firm of
S. A. Kosloff and Company, of Great Winchester Street Buildings,
and of St. Petersburgh, in the Empire of Russia, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING HEAT BY ELECTRICITY."-A communi-
cation from abroad by Alexandre Nicolaevitch Lodighin, of St.
Petersburgh, in the Empire of Russia.
Sealed the 25th February 1873, and dated the 8th January 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stanislas Wikentjevitsch
Konn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 8th January 1873.
I, STANISLAS WIKENTJEVITSCH KONN, of the Firm of S. A. Kosloff
and Company, of Great Winchester Street Buildings, and of Saint
Petersburgh, in the Empire of Russia, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for 'IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING HEAT BY ELEC.
TRICITY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of heat by electricity by the
employment of solid stems of carbon within hermetically closed vessels
in which azotic or other gas is present.
[Price 8d]

page_text: The stems of carbon are of varied diameters in their length, and the
heat is thrown off from them at their smaller parts, preferably at about
their centres, the contact or circuit being established between them by
claws or pins, the removal of which breaks the contact when desired.
The electric current is produced by an electro-magnetic apparatus, such
as that known as Wild's or Noble's, and the heat is maintained so long
as the current is kept up. The azotic gas employed is of such a nature
when hermetically enclosed in a vessel that the carbon stems are not
decomposed by it, consequently they do not burn away, as is known to
to be the case where two carbon points have been used for the
purpose.
Several apparatus can be enclosed in an outer casing into which
atmospheric air can be forced, and which after being heated to the
desired degree can be spread or distributed into apartments, factories, or
into ovens, drying sheds, or places in which the heat is required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Stanislas Wikentjevitsch Konn in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, STANISLAS
WIKENTJEVITSCH KONN, of the Firm of S. A.. Kosloff and Company, of
Great Winchester Street Buildings, and of Saint Petersburgh, in the
Empire of Russia, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto ine, the said Stanislas Wikentjevitsch Konn, Her special
licence that I, the said Stanislas Wikentjevitsch Konn, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Stanislas
Wikentjevitsch Konn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING HEAT BY ELECTRICITY," communicated to

page_text: me from abroad by Alexandre Nicolaievitsch Lodighin, of Saint Peters-
burgh, in the Empire of Russia, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Stanislas Wikentjevitsch Konn, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
1
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stanislas Wikentjevitsch Konn, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to the production of heat by electricity by the
employment of solid stems of carbon within hermetically closed vessels,
charged with azotic or other gas, which does not support combustion.
The stems of carbon may be of varied diameters in their length, and
the heat is thrown off from them preferably at about their centres, the
contact or circuit being established between them by claws on pins, the
removal of which breaks the contact when desired. The electric current
is produced by an electro-magnetic apparatus, those known as Wilde's or
Noble's being preferred, and the heat is maintained so long as the
current is kept up. The azotic gas hermetically enclosed in the vessel
in which the carbon steins are prevents their decomposition, and conse-
quently they do not burn away as is the case where two carbon points.
in contact with the atmosphere have been used for the production of
light.
Several apparatus can be enclosed in an outer casing into which
atmospheric air can be forced and which after being heated to the
desired degree can be spread or distributed into apartments, factories,
or into ovens, drying sheds, or places in which the heat is required, or
into boilers for heating the water direct.
The Invention will be well understood on reference to the accom-
panying Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a section of a carbon stem
enclosed in its case.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a vessel or box in which are placed several
stems or apparatus in electrical connection with one another, while

page_text: VIAC ԿԱՆ
removed.
The carbon stem a of smaller diameter in its middle is fixed firmly in
the metal case 6 in any convenient manner, the case being filled with
azotic gas (nitrogen) or other gas which does not support combustion
and hermetically closed. Several of the carbon stems and their cases
are enclosed in a metal vessel or box d, and the electrical circuit is
established between them by the claws e which turn freely upou pins f,
so that the circuit can be interrupted when desired. The electricity is
led into the box or case by means of the first claw f¹, to which is
attached the wire from the battery or magneto machine. At each side
of the vessel d is a cylindrical aperture g, h, the one g for the entry of
air, and the other h for its exit. On the electric current being caused
to pass continuously from the battery into the claw f¹, and thence
successively through all the carbon stems, the latter becoming incan-
descent or red hot, develop an enormous beat, so that the air entering
through the aperture 9, after circulating among all the cases 6, becomes
warmed, and proceeding out through the aperture h is led away to any
place where it may be required. In consequence of the carbon stems
being surrounded by a non-supporter of combustion it is impossible for
them to consume however long or however often may be the passage of
the electric fluid through them and their consequent incandescence.
Figures 4 and 5 show the Invention as applied to the heating of
water in steam boilers, being respectively a longitudinal and transverse
section of a steam boiler with the Invention applied to it. In this case
a tube or tubes i is fitted in the boiler above the water level, and along
its whole length from these tubes i proceed other tubes ; into the boiler,
j
to the ends of which the cases 6 hermetically closed and containing the
carbon stems surrounded by a gas which does not support combustion
are suspended. The wire from the electric battery is led into this tube i
and down each of the tubes j to the carbon stems and up again to the
next carbon stem, so that upon the current being sent continuously it
passes through all the stems, and keeps them in a state of incandescence
and by the intense heat developed the water in the boiler is rapidly
raised to the boiling point.
In Figure 5 the method in which it is preferred to support the tubes i
1
711
1
1

page_text: each side in a semicircular holding clip and cap with flanges at the side
through which bolt holes are made, and the tube being passed between
the semicircular clip and cap they are then bolted together and thus
the tube is firmly held.
Figure 6 is a transverse section of a boiler showing another form of
case containing the carbon stem.
Figures 7 and 8 show in section and plan view a heating apparatus in
which the carbon stem is of forin. In this case the electric current
passes down one side of the ✓ and up the other, and in other respects
the apparatus is precisely similar to those already explained; it is evident
that stems of other shapes may be used.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
Firstly. The production of heat by electricity by means of single solid
carbon stems enclosed in a vessel charged with a non-supporter of
combustion and hermetically closed, substantially as described and
shown.
Secondly. The arrangement of apparatus, shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3
of the Drawings, whereby air is heated, substantially as described and
shown.
Thirdly. The arrangements of apparatus, shown in Figures 4, 5,
and 6, for heating the water on steam boilers, substantially as described
and shown.
And lastly. I claim heating liquids by electrical heaters immersed or
submerged therein, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stanislas Wikentjevitsch Konn,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of July,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
S. W. KONN. (L.S.)