IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKETS FOR CHISELS AND: OTHER TOOLS
Year: 1884

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I ALBERT REANEY of Bernard Works Bernard Street, Sheffield, in the County,
of York Edge tool Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKETS FOR CHISELS AND: OTHER
TOOLS to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object the production of metallic sockets for chisels and
other tools from the solid material without turning over and welding.
"
.I take a piece of the material from which the socket is to be made, (for example
a piece of round iron of about the required length of the socket), and after heating
it in a furnace to a suitable degree for working upon, I put it in a "socket mould
or die, either made in parts or solid, where it is held in a vertical position, while a
pointed punch or drift is driven vertically down the centre, by a hand-hammer, or
steam or power hammer; such operation being easily accomplished at one heat.
I then place the socket between a pair of top and bottom swages by the action
of which it is cleaned and finished in shape, and is then ready to be welded to the
shank of the chisel or other tool.
By this novel process of constructing sockets from the solid, I am enabled to
dispense with the usual longitudinal weld, and the flaws and rokey places that are
almost inseparable from the old process of making sockets.
ROBT F. DRURY,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I ALBERT REANEY of Bernard Works, Bernard Street Sheffield in the County of
York Edge Tool Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKETS FOR CHISELS AND OTHER TOOLS
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My invention has for its object the manufacture of the sockets of chisels and
other tools that have sockets in a novel manner and dispensing with the usual
process of turning over and welding.
And in order that my specification may be clear, and my invention fully under-
stood, I annex a sheet of drawings to illustrate the same, in which the same letters
of reference indicate the same or similar parts in all the figures in which they occur.
Fig, 1, is a sectional elevation of the tools used in the first part of my process.
Fig. 2, is a side view of same.
Fig. 3, A divided Die.
Fig. 4, A Tapered Steel Drift or Mandril.
Fig. 5, The Drift and Socket.
Fig. 6, The finishing Tools.
In carrying my invention into practice I take a suitable length of the material
of which the socket is to be made, and heat it to a suitable degree in a furnace or
other fire, and I then place it in the Die A, the hole of which is preferably made
with a slight taper. For material of a round cross section I prefer to use a solid
die, but when the socket is to be made from square or oblong material, it is better
to use a divided die B, the two parts of which may be opened or closed together
by any suitable means, and thus a necked or shaped socket-blank may be securely
held.
The punch which is used to make the opening in the socket, is fixed to the tup
of the hammer, exactly over the hole in the die A, and is marked C, Fig 1 & 2. it
is tapered towards the point, and has a head D at the top end. The punch fits
in a corresponding hole in a nozzle or punch holder E, which is secured to the
tup F, the head D, passing into a recess G, see Fig. 2.
This construction of Punch and holder allows of a short vertical movement of the
punch; this movement is of great importance in carrying out my invention, and
bringing it to a successful result.
The action is as follows; the piece of hot material H, being placed in the die A,
and the hammer set to work, the point of the punch C, first rests for an instant on
the centre of the material until the face I of the descending tup or hammer
head F, comes in contact with the head of the punch D, as shown in Fig 1, which
drives the punch down into the hot metal,
The contraction of the partly formed socket upon the cool punch, would be
difficult to overcome if a fixed punch were employed, but as the tup moves
upwards without raising the punch until the bottom of the recess G, strikes the

page_text: underside of the head D, a sharp blow is thus given to the punch, which instantly
releases it from the socket, and this enables a succession of rapid blows to be given,
which is the only effectual way of attaining the desired object.
The socket being so far prepared, I place a Drift J, Fig 4, in the socket as shown
in Fig. 5, and place the two between a pair of dies, the plan of the bottom die K,
being shown in Fig. 6.
The shaped recess is the same length as the socket and drift, which are placed in
as shown, the punch is thus securely held, while the socket is being operated upon
and rounded up.
.
These top and bottom swages, dies, or finishing Tools, may be either fixed to the
tup and bed of a hammer, or in any other convenient manner. My invention
applies either to sockets made separately from the body of the chisel or tool, and
welded thereto, or to sockets formed from the same continuous material as the body
or blade.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1-The construction of the sockets of chisels and other tools, from wrought iron
or steel, without a joint or weld, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
2-The method of constructing the sockets of chisels and other tools, by punching
or drifting the opening, by means of the tools as herein before described, and marked
in the drawings A, C, E, B, J and K.