Improvements in the Manufacture of Mordants and in Alizarine Dyeing Processes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application,
6th Cont
Sept.
1000
1000
Complete Specification Left, 6th June, 1900-Accepted. 11th Aug.. 1900
Complete Specification Left, 6th June, 1900-Accepted. 11th Aug.. 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Mordants and in Alizarine
Dyeing Processes.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of the Firm of A. M. & Wm. Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
London, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention (a communication to me by the Firm of C. H. Boehringer
Sohn, of Niederingelheim-on-the-Rhine, Germany) to be as follows:-
In alizarine dyeing on vegetable fibre shades of red, Bordeaux red, lilac, etc., it has
heretofore been necessary according to the mordanting and colouring process now in
vogue to repeat the mordanting operation and the subsequent fixing of the cotton
treated with Turkey red oil in order to obtain fast and beautiful shades.
A number of mordants have however been discovered by means of which the
mordanting and colouring processes in dyeing alizarine red, Bordeaux red, and lilac
may be materially simplified and cheapened and these form the subject of the present
application.
The principle advantage which the use of the new mordanting salts of this invention
offers is derived from the fact that they can be added simultaneously with the colour
to the dye bath and the goods prepared with Turkey red oil may then be dyed in the
ordinary manner. Moreover the shades obtained by means of the invention possess
a far greater brilliancy than those which can be obtained by the present method,
without in any way impairing the fastness of the colour.
Lactic acid is contained in all the new mordants and although the relative quantity
of this acid in them may vary, it appears that this factor is the one on which the
most favourable bebaviour of the mordant depends.
The simplest representatives of the new mordants are the lactates of the alumina
and iron groups, particularly those of aluminium iron and chromium. These
compounds can be employed as simple salts as for example aluminium lactate,
chromium lactate, etc., or as double salts as for example aluminium-sodium-lactate,
aluminium-calcium-lactate, etc.
The valuable property of these compounds for mordanting and dyeing with alizarine
colours on cotton remains unaffected if a portion of the lactic acid be substituted or
replaced by another suitable acid for example by acetic or sulphuric acid, that is to
say if salts of aluminium, chromium or iron be produced containing two different acids
in their molecule.
Thus a large number of hitherto unknown compounds have been produced, the most
important of which are:-
Aluminium-aceto-lactate,
Aluminium-sulpho-lactate,
or the corresponding chromium compounds.
"
In order to prepare the same the basic acetates or basic sulphates of the salts of
these metals are preferably used as initial materials. These salts are dissolved in the
corresponding amount of lactic acid and the solution thus obtained may then be evapo-
important of which are:-
Aluminium-aceto-lactate,
Aluminium-sulpho-lactate,
or the corresponding chromium compounds.
In order to prepare the same the basic acetates or basic sulphates of the salts of
these metals are preferably used as initial materials. These salts are dissolved in the
corresponding amount of lactic acid and the solution thus obtained may then be evapo-
rated to dryness, or, as in the case of aluminium-aceto-lactate the new salt may be

page_text: precipitated from its alcoholic solution by means of ether. The neutral salts of these
inetals may however in some cases also be employed as starting materials. For
instance in the manufacture of aceto-lactate of alumina, to the neutral aluminium
acetate the molecular quantity of lactic acid is added ad the whole then evaporated
to dryness.
Another method of producing these compounds containing two different acids in
their molecule consists in dissolving freshly precipitated oxides of these metals (as
for example, in the case of making the aceto-lactate of alumina,) by dissolving the,
alumina in the corresponding quantities of lactic and acetic acids and subsequent
boiling down to dryness.
I have thus succeeded in obtaining two different aceto-lactates of alumina of the
following probable constitutions :-

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Mordants and in Alizarine
Dyeing Processes.
1, WILLIAM CLARK, of the Firm of A. M. & Wm. Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
London, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention (a communication to me by the Firm of C. H. Boehringer
Sohn, of Niederingelheim-on-the-Rhine, Germany) and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In alizarine dyeing on vegetable fibre shades of red, Bordeaux red, lilac, etc., it has
heretofore been necessary to repeat the mordanting and the subsequent fixing of the
cotton treated with Turkey red oil in order to obtain fast and beautiful shades.
A number of mordants have however been discovered by means of which the
mordanting and colouring processes in dyeing alizarine red, Bordeaux red, and lilac
may be materially simplified and cheapened and these form the subject of the present
application..
The principal advantage which the use of the new mordanting salts of this
invention offers is derived from the fact that they can be added simultaneously with
the colour to the dye bath. and the goods prepared with Turkey red oil may then be
directly dyed. Moreover the shades obtained by means of the invention possess a far
greater brilliancy than those which can be obtained by present methods, without in
any way impairing the fastness of the colour.
Lactic acid is contained in all the new mordants and although the relative quantity
of this acid in them may vary, it appears that this factor is the one on which the
most favourable behaviour of the mordant depends.
The simplest representatives of the new inordants are the lactates of the aluminium
and iron groups particularly those of aluminium, iron, and chromium. These
compounds can be employed as simple salts as for example aluminium lactate,
chromium lactate, etc., or as double salts as for example aluminium-sodium-lactate,
aluminium-calcium-lactate, etc.
The valuable property of these compounds for mordanting and dyeing with
alizarine colours on cotton remains unaffected if a portion of the lactic acid be
substituted or replaced by another suitable acid for example by acetic or sulphuric
acid, that is to say if salts of aluminium, chromium or iron be produced containing
the two different acids in their molecule.
In this way a large number of hitherto unknown compounds may be produced, the
most important of which are :-
or the corresponding chromium compounds.
In order to prepare the same the basic acetates or basic sulphates of these metals
are preferably used as raw materials. These salts are dissolved in the corresponding
amount of lactic acid and the solution thus obtained may then be evaporated to
dryness, or, as in the case of aluminium-aceto-lactate, the new salt may be precipitated
from its alcoholic solution by means of ether.
The neutral salts of these metals may however in some cases also be employed as
raw materials. For instance in the manufacture of aceto-lactate of alumina, to the
neutral aluminium acetate the molecular quantity of lactic acid is added and the whole
then evaporated to dryness.

page_text: Another method of producing these compounds containing two different acids in
their molecule consists in dissolving freshly precipitated oxides of these metals (as,
for example, in the case of making the aceto-lactate of alumina,) by dissolving the
alumina in the corresponding. quantities of lactic and acetic acids and subsequent
boiling down to dryness.
I have thus succeeded in obtaining two different aceto-lactates of alumina of the
following probable constitutions :—
In employing chromium and iron mordants in lieu of aluminium mordants, the
inode of treatment is analogous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The process for the production of mordanting compounds of aluminium, or of
chromium, or of iron, with lactic acid and another suitable acid (for example acetic
or sulphuric acid) in the molecule, the said process consisting in-

page_text: (a) Dissolving the basic salts of these metals (particularly the acetate or sulphate)
in lactic acid;
or (b) Adding to the neutral salts of these metals (particularly the acetate)
molecular quantities of lactic acid;
or (c) Dissolving freshly precipitated oxides of these metals in corresponding
quantities of lactic acid and of a second suitable acid particularly acetic or sulphuric
acid.
2. The use of simple lactates and of the compounds obtained as herein before
described and specified in claiming Clause 1, as mordants in dyeing and printing with
mordant dyes.
3. The process of mordanting dyeing and printing textiles with the new compounds
obtained as herein described and specified in Claim 1, or with lactic acid salts of
aluminium, or of chromium or of iron, whether simple salts or double salts, that is to
say compounds of these salts with proper quantities of another suitable acid preferably
free acetic or sulphuric acid, or compounds of acetic or sulphuric acid salts of aluminium,
or of chromium or of iron with suitable quantities of free lactic acid, the process being
characterized by the fact that the textiles or goods raw or prepared with Turkey red
oil are printed with mordant and dye or mordanted and dyed in one operation either
in a bath in which one of the said mordants is present along with the mordant dye,
or are first treated with the mordant and then directly dyed.
Dated this 6th day of Tune 1000
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent, Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.