IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, LINE, CEMENT, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Batchelar, of Brockham, in the County
of Surrey, Brick Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, LINE, CEMENT, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 29th June 1869, and dated the 2nd January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Batchelar at
the Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on
tho 2nd January 1869..
I, ARTHUR BATOHELAR, of Brockham, in the County of Surrey, Brick
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, LIKE, CEMENT, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to kilns wherein fire-places are used to raise the
heat of such kilns, and in which the heated air and products of
combustion after being employed to burn the articles in the kiln are
employed to dry or prepare other green or unburnt articles placed in
other kilns, before passing to the chimney, the object of the said

page_text: Invention being to obtain a greater economy in the consumption of fuel
used in burning than has heretofore been obtained in such kilns.
One part of my Invention consists in so constructing an ordinary kiln
of circular or other form with fire-places that the heated air and
products of combustion may be made to pass first upwards around the
bricks or other ware stacked in the kiln, and then being made to descend
through and amongst the said bricks may either be allowed to pass
direct into the chimney (which may be constructed in the centro thereof
or at a distance from it, the passage leading thereto being at or near the
bottom of the kiln,) or they may be conveyed by suitable flues into one
or more other kilns of similar structure which as hereafter explained
may be made to work in conjunction with it. The fire-places are
constructed in the thickness of the wall of the kiln at a short distance
above the floor thereof; short walls being erected in the inside of the
kiln opposite to each fireplace for the purpose of causing the hot air
et cetera to rise towards the roof and around the bricks to be burnt before
descending amongst them.
Another part of my Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement of
a series of the kilns herein-before referred to with suitable flues
communicating between each of them and with a chimney (such flues
being fitted with dampers), that any one or more of the kilns in the
series may be worked while others are being filled or emptied. Some of
such kilns may contain green bricks or other articles, through and
amongst which the waste heated gases and products of combustion are
allowed to pass by means of such flues from the kiln in active operation,
so as to dry or prepare them for burning. Other kilns in the series may
contain bricks or other articles which having been burnt are still in a
heated state, and by means of the said flues the heat may be caused to
pass from such heated goods into or around the kilns above described as
containing green goods in process of drying by the waste heated gases,
or into or around other distinct kilns in the same series containing other
green goods, and thus dry or prepare them for the final baking or
luuming

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Batchelar in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
BATCHELAR, of Brockham, in the County of Surrey, Brick Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Пfer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by IIer Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Arthur Batchelar, Her special licenco that I, the
said Arthur Batchelar, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Arthur Batchelar, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to timo and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPзOVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING
BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, LIKE, CEMENT, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur Batchelar, my
executors or alministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the sanie
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Batchelar, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawing, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to kilns wherein fire-places are used to raise tho
heat of such kilns, and in which the heated air and products of
combustion after being employed to burn the articles in the kiln any
employed to dry or preparo other green or unburnt articles placed in
other kilns before passing to the chimney, the object of the said
Invention being to obtain a greater economy in the consumption of
fuel used in burning than has heretofore becu obtained in such kilns,

page_text: One part of my Invention consists in so constructing an ordinary kiln
of circular or other form with fire-places that the heated air and
products of combustion may be made to pass first upwards around the
bricks or other ware stacked in the kiln, and then being made to
descend through and amongst the said bricks may either be allowed to
pass direct into the chimney (which may be constructed in the centre
thereof or at a distance from it, the passage leading thereto being at or
near the bottom of the kiln), or they may be conveyed by suitable flues
into one or more other kilns of similar structure which as hereafter
explained may be made to work in conjunction with it.
Another part of my Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement of
a series of the kilns herein-before referred to with suitable flues
communicating between each of them and with a chimney (such flues
being fitted with dampers) that any one or more of the kilns in the
series may be worked while others are being filled or emptied. Some of
such kilns may contain green bricks or other articles through and
amongst which the waste heated gases and products of combustion are
allowed to pass by means of such flues from the kiln in active operation,
so as to dry or prepare them for burning. Other kilns in the series may
contain bricks or other articles which, having been burnt, are still in a
heated state, and by means of the said flues the heat may be caused to
pass from such heated goods into or around the kilns above described as
containing green goods in process of drying by the waste heated gases,
or into or around other distinct kilns in the same series containing
other green goods, and thus dry or prepare them for the final baking or
burning.
Fig. 1 of the Drawing, represents a vertical section, taken at line a, b,
of Fig. 8, of one of my improved kilns; Fig. 2, is an elevation of a
similar kiln; Fig. 3, is a sectional plan view, one half being taken
at c, d, through furnaces in Fig. 1, and the other half at e, f, in the
same Figure; Fig. 4, is a sectional plan through what I call the
horizontal heat flues. The letters of reference in all the Figs. 1, 2, 3,
& 4, refer to like parts in each of those Figures.
I prefer to employ a kiln circular in plan, and having a domed roof,
as shown in the Drawing, but kilns of other forms may be constructed in
accordance with my Invention.
A, A, A, et cetera, represent the furnaces constructed in the thickness
of the wall with fire-bars in the ordinary manner. Each furnace being

page_text: fed with fuel through the opening A' which is closed when the furnace
is in operation. The number of furnaces may be varied according to
the size of kiln and quality of material to be operated upon. In the
example shown I employ ten. Inside the kiln and opposite to each
furnace are built short walls B, B, B, forming a casing or pocket round
the end of each fire-place which directs the heat and flame upwards
towards the upper part of the goods stacked in the kiln. In the floor of
the kiln there is formed an opening O leading into the main flue D, which
conducts the heated products of combustion direct to the chimney when
in the course of burning it is necessary to so dispose of them. There
are also formed beneath the floor of the kiln heat flues E, E, which cach
open at one end into the passago O, and at the other end into
chambers F constructed in the space between two adjacent kilns;
dampers G, G, are adapted to close the ends of said heat flues when
required. Flues J, which I also call heat flues, are constructed in the
wall of the kiln near the bottom thereof, or, if preferred, they may be
formed wholly outside or wholly inside of the kiln instead of in the wall
as shown. Short vertical heat flues K, K, K, et cetera, are also formed
in the wall of the kiln; their lower ends communicate with the flues J,
and their upper ends open into the kiln as shown clearly at Figs. 1 & 3.
The flues J pass half round cach kiln and open at each end into the
chambers F by the side of the flucs E, the ends of said flues J being also
closed by dampers II, H, when required.
Figs. 5 & 6 represent the arrangement of these kilns in a series for
working them in rotation so as to utilize the waste heat passing from
the kiln in active operation to the purpose of drying greon or unburnt
goods stacked in another kiln in order to prepare them for the final burn-
ing. Numbers 1 to 8 represent a series of eight of the above-described
kilns grouped round a central chimney L. Main flues D, D, D,
ct cetera, lead from the centre of cach kiln to the said chimney shaft.
Dampers M, M, et cetera, being fitted to each flue to open or close
communication between the kilns and chimney as may be desired.
The method of working these kilns in a series is as follows :--
Supposing the fires to be lighted in kiln No. 3, Fig. 6, the dampers II,
II, at end of heat flues J are kept closed, the damper M in the main
fluc of that kiln leading to the chimney is opened until the fires are well
burnt up, when the damper M may be partly closed and the dampers II',
1, leading from chamber F into heat flues J, J, of kiln No. 4 (in

page_text: which green goods are stacked) is partly opened, the damper M' in main
flue leading to chimney of No. 4 kiln being also opened, the damper G'
being meanwhile kept closed and G³ open. By these means one portion
of the licated gases generated in kiln No. 3 passes direct to the chimney,
and the other portion by the heat flue E into the heat flues J, J, and so
by flues K, K, K, et cetera, into kiln No. 4, thence through and amongst
the green goods therein, and finally escapes by the main fluo D of No. 4
kiln into the chimney. By properly adjusting the dampers in the flues
as indicated the amount of waste gases passed from the kiln in operation
to the next may be so regulated as to ensure a proper draft for
maintaining the combustion of the fuel at all stages of the operation, and
by gradually closing the damper of the kiln in operation leading direct
to the chimney, and opening that leading to the next kiln, the whole of
the waste gases may be passed through the latter towards the completion
of the firing operation of the first kiln; and by that time the goods
in the second kiln will have attained a very high temperature. As soon
as kiln No. 3 is burnt off the damper G leading to kiln No. 4 may be
closed as also partially the damper M' in main flue, and the kiln left to
cool gradually. Kiln No. 5, the next in order containing green bricks,
will bo gradually brought into communication with kiln No. 4 by means of
the dampers when its fires are lighted in the same manner as described
for Nos. 3 & 4. Kiln No. 2 in the series having been burnt off
previously to No. 3 will have been cooling while the latter was burning,
and No. 1, having been previously cooled the fired goods will have been
discharged from it and green goods recharged into it. Whilst No. 3
kiln has been burning No. 7 has also been burning, and Nos. 5, 0, & 8,
have held the same position in relation to it that Nos. 1, 2, & 4, liavo
been described as holding to No. 3. If desired dampers may be so
arranged in the passages C of each kiln as scon in dotted lines at *
Fig. 1, that the heat flues E may be shut off entirely from any number
of kilns; by this means a communication may be opened between a kiln
which is being cooled, and another in the series not immediately
adjacent containing green goods, as, for example, between No. 2 kiln
& No. 8, in Fig. 6, whereby the green goods in No. 8 will be
partially dried by the heat escaping from No. 2, in this case ten kilns
will be found a more convenient number than eight.
3
It will now be understood that by working a series of these kilns in
pairs, and in rotation, and passing the waste heated gases through the

page_text: kilns containing green goods in the manner described, the effect
produced on the goods will be more completely under control and
therefore more uniform than has hitherto been obtained.
Although the Drawing shows a series of eight kilns I do not confine
myself to that number as arty convenient number may be employed.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood
that what I claim as my Invention is,―
The adaptation and use of furnace kilns constructed with heat flues,
and arranged so as to act in conjunction with each other substantially
in the manner and for the purpose herein-before shown and described.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and scal this
First day of July, A.D. One thousand cight hundred and sixty-
ninc.