IMPROVEMENTS. IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS, PARTS OF PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIONSO APPLICABLE TO
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Turner, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manu-
facturer, and William Edward Newton, of Chancery Lane, in the County.
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS. IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS, PARTS OF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Turner and
William Edward Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th October 1863.
We, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS, PARTS
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER KINDS OF Looms," to be
as follows:-
This Iuvention of "Improvements in Looms for Weaving Terry and Cut
Pile Fabrics, Parts of which Improvements are also applicable to other kinds
of Looms," has for one of its objects to dispense with the use of wires for
making the loops in Brussels carpet, or other woven terry or cut pile fabrics.
To this end a series of hooks set in leads and secured to a horizontal bar, which

page_text: may be called the hook bar, is mounted in bearings in front of the reed in such
a manner as to be capable of rocking on its centre, or being moved up and
down when required. These hooks may correspond in number to the number
of dents in the reed, and are arranged to hook up the warp threads, and
thereby form loops thereon. The hooks are suspended from the hook bar
above, but rather in rear of the point where the weft is beaten up by the slay.
The beards of the hooks are set on one side, and the lower ends of the hooks
are brought down so close to the warp threads that when the shed of the
figure warp is formed by drawing up the pattern threads, the latter will rise
up between the hooks, and will be lifted up above and over the beards, so that
when the pattern warp threads descend again to form the next shed, they will
be caught on or will pass over the beards or hooks, and will be held up thereby,
and a set of loops will thus be formed on the hooks. It will of course be
understood that the hook bar may be made adjustable vertically or otherwise
as may be found convenient for adjusting the position of the hooks, and thereby
regulating the length of the loops or height of the pile. The loops when made
must be secured to the ground of the fabric by one, two, or more shoots, as
may be found necessary. When the slay moves back after beating up the
Jast shoot, the hook bar is made to rock and cause the books to be drawn or
thrown out of the loops that have just been secured.
brought into a position to receive the pattern warps again for the purpose of
forming another set of loops. In order to ensure an equal length of loop to
each thread throughout the width of the fabric, a flat bar of iron is placed
edgewise on the work, so as to prevent the latter from rising when the pattern
warps are hooked up to form the loops. For making cut pile fabrics the beards
of the hooks must be provided with a knife or cutting edge, so that when being
drawn out of the loops the cutting edge will sever the thread, and thereby
produce a cut pile. It will of course be understood that in order to obtain a
drawing cut, so as to cut the loops, the hooks employed in making cut pile
fabrics must have a somewhat different motion given to them to that which
is required merely to draw out the hooks from the loops which are to be left
uncut. The drawing cut required for producing a cut pile may be obtained
either by suitably modifying the angle of the hook, or by drawing back the
hook bar, which forms the centre of motion of the hooks. The weft thread
or shoot may be thrown in by shuttles worked in the ordinary manner, or the
shoot or weft may be introduced into the shed by means of a reciprocating thread
carrier, such as that for which the said Archibald Turner has this day applied
for Letters Patent.
The hooks are then
In this arrangement the weft thread is secured in the fabric, and a suitable

page_text: selvage is formed by means of a binding or seaming thread wound on a quill
contained either in a vertical shuttle or mounted on a rotating disc provided
with a hook, whereby the seaming thread may be passed through a loop formed
by the weft thread or shoot. Instead of securing the weft thread or shoot in
this manner by passing a quill containing the seaming thread through the
loop formed at the selvage, a double weft thread may be thrown or drawn in.
or introduced alternately from each side by means of a suitable thread carrier,
hook, finger, or other convenient mechanical contrivance. A selvage will be
thus formed on one side of the fabric by one weft thread, and on the other
side of the fabric by the other weft thread, and these weft threads will be
properly secured without the use of any seaming or selvage thread. If only
one weft thread be used then it may be secured by means of a knitting
needle or hook, whereby a loop or chain stitch may be formed at the edge of
the fabric in the weft thread itself, or in another thread provided for the
purpose, so as to prevent the weft thread from being pulled out.
Another mode of securing the weft thread consists in the employment of a
rotary thread carrier which will pass a selvage or seaming thread through the
loop at the end of the weft thread, and prevent it from being drawn away
from the selvage. In order to actuate the rotary seaming thread carrier
(which may be described as a circular disc with a notch, slot, or opening cut
in it, and having the quill or bobbin containing the seaming thread mounted
thereon) a friction wheel or sector is made to bear against a V pulley or wheel.
connected with the rotary thread carrier, and by communicating an intermittent
rotary motion to the friction wheel or sector, the rotary thread carrier will be
made to rotate on its centre, and pass the seaming thread through the loop of
the weft thread.
An obvious modification of this mode of driving tho rotary thread carrier is
to adapt a toothed wheel to the axle of the rotating disc, and drive the same
by means of a corresponding toothed wheel or sector; to which an intermittent
rotary motion is communicated by any convenient mechanism, or the rotary
thread carrier may be driven by a band passed from any suitable driving
pulley round a V pulley on the axle of the rotary disc or thread carrier. It
will be evident that instead of an intermittent rotary motion in one direction
an intermittent rotary motion alternately in opposite directions may be employed
if thought desirable.
#

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 30th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ARCHIBALD
TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, and WILLIAM EDWARD
NEWTON, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton, Her special
license that we, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Archibald
Turner and William Edward Newton, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS, PARTS OP
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER KINDS OF LOOMS,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Archibald Turner and William
Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward
Newton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say) :-
This Invention of "Improvements in Looms for Weaving Terry and Cut Pile
Fabrics, Parts of which Improvements are also applicable to other Kinds of
Looms," has for one of its objects to dispense with the use of wires for making

page_text: are arranged to hook up the warp
The hooks are suspended from the
point where the weft is beaten up by
the loops in Brussels carpet or other woven terry or cut pile fabrics. To this
end a series of hooks set in leads and secured to a horizontal bar, which
may be called the hook bar, is mounted in bearings in front of the reed and
over the fabric and is actuated in such a manner as. to have a compound
motion imparted to it when required. This compound motion consists of a
rocking motion and a to-and-fro motion combined with an up-and-down motion
The hooks which form the loops or pile of the fabric correspond in number to
the number of dents in the reed, and
threads and thereby form loops thereon.
hook bar above but rather in rear of the
the slay. The beards or points of the hooks are set on one side and the lower
ends or heels of the hooks are brought down so close to the warp threads that
when the shed of the figure warp is formed by drawing up the pattern threads
the latter will rise up between the hooks and will be lifted up above and over
the points or beards of the hooks, so that when the pattern warp threads
descend again to form the next shed they will be caught on or will pass over
the beards or points of the hooks and will be held up thereby and a set
of loops will thus be formed on the hooks. It will of course be understood
that the hook bar may be made adjustable vertically or otherwise, as may be
found convenient for adjusting the position of the hooks and thereby regulating
the length of the loops or height of the pile. Instead of lifting the warp
threads up over and dropping them on points of the hooks, the latter may be
caused to descend between the warp threads which will spring over the points
of the hooks as the latter descend. The loops when made must be secured to
the ground of the fabric by one, two, or more shoots as may be found necessary.
When the slay moves back after beating up the last shoot the hook bar is
made to rock slightly on its centre so as to bring the points of the hooks into
a horizontal position, when the hook bar may be drawn back and the hooks
thereby be drawn or thrown out of the loops that have just been secured. The
hooks are then brought into a position to receive the pattern warps again for
the purpose of forming another set of loops.
It will
In the accompanying Drawings we have shewn various views of one of the
hooks in different positions in order to illustrate the mode of forming the loops;
and we have also shewn the mechanism for actuating the hooks: Fig. 1 is a
side view of one of the hooks, and Fig. 2 is a front view of the same.
be seen that the point 1 of the hook is straight, and is not only inclined
upwards at an angle to the stem 2, but is also placed in an oblique position.
These hooks are fixed singly in leads, and any number of them, according to

page_text: the width of the fabric may be mounted side by side in a bar the same
number per inch as there are dents to the inch in the slay.
Fig. 3 shews a front view of the hook bar A with a number of hooks
secured therein; Fig. 4 is an under side view shewing clearly the oblique
position of the points 1 of the hooks; Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12
represent the books in the different positions they assume in the formation
of one set of loops. Fig. 5 may be termed the first position, inasmuch as the
hook bar has been rocked on its centre so as to bring the point of the hook
into a horizontal position. The hook as shewn in the Drawing is just about
to be drawn back in the direction of the arrow out of the loop that has just
been formed and beaten and sewed up in the fabric. The hook will then be
ready to take up and form another loop from the pattern warps. The hook
when drawn out of the previously formed loop is lifted up into the second
position, shewn in Fig. 6, ready to descend as indicated by the arrow between
the selected pattern warps 3 into the third position, shewn at Fig. 7. The
hooks having thus passed down between the pattern warps, their points will
have got under the selected warp threads, and upon drawing them up again,
'as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 7, into the fourth position shewn in Fig. 8,
they will in rising catch hold of the warp threads as shewn in the Figure.
The hooks will then be carried forward, as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 8,
and brought up close to the old work, thus bringing the new loop up to the
shoot which was last thrown. This is the fifth position, and is shewn
in Fig. 9. The batten is at the same time brought forward and the shed is
changed ready for the next shoot, which is thrown in as shewn at 4 in Fig. 10,
which represents the sixth position. The shoot 4 is then beaten up by the
batten, as shewn in Fig. 11, which represents the seventh position. At the
same time the shed is changed ready to receive the second or last shoot, as
shewn at 5, Fig. 12, which represents the eighth and last position, the next
position after beating up the last shoot being a repetition of first position,
shewn in Fig. 5. It is necessary here to remark that the hooks are made
sufficiently thin to admit of them passing between the dents of the reed at
every beat up, as shewn at Figures 9 and 11; by this means the batten is
enabled to beat up the shoots close, and a greater number of pricks per inch
can be made than when wires are employed to form the loops as in ordinary
carpet weaving.
Having explained the several motions of the hooks and the positions they
assume during the operation of forming the loops, we will now proceed to
describe the mechanism whereby these motions are produced.

page_text: Fig. 13, Sheet I., represents in side elevation such of the working parts of a
loom as will be required to shew the mode of adapting the necessary working
parts for producing the requisite motions of the hook bar. In Sheet III. we
have shewn the principal working parts drawn full size, A is the hook bar
shewn best in the sectional views.
Figures 14 and 15, Sheet III. This bar has a slight axial or rocking
motion on its shaft a which is provided at each end with a friction bowl 6 seen
in the sectional plan views, Figures 16, 17, and 18, and which works in the
curved .groove or slot c of the plates or blocks c screwed or bolted to the side
standards of the framing. The rocking shaft a of the hook bar A is moved
to and fro in the curved groove or slot c' by means of the lever arm d with
which it is connected by the link d'. The lever arm d is mounted on a
rocking shaft e which is actuated by an armf, Fig. 13 connected by a link f¹
to a lever g below, a cam h on the shaft h acts on one end of the lever g and
thereby produces the to-and-fro-motion of the hook bar A, the rising and falling
motion of which is produced by the peculiar form of the groove or slot c¹ in
the fixed piece c. The axial or rocking motion of the hook bar A is effected
by means of a curved slot in the side pieces i, Figures 14 and 15, which
are bolted on to the side standards, a link j is keyed on to the end of the hook
bar shaft and at its opposite end carries a bowl which works in the slot i¹. It
will therefore be seen that as the shaft a is driven along the slot or groove c¹
the bowl at the end of the link j will be drawn along the curve of the slot i",
and in so doing will cause the shaft a to rock on its axis. In order to be
enabled to adjust the hook. bar so as to form different heights of pile the
slotted. pieces c, c, Figures 14 and 15, in which the ends of the hook bar
work, are made adjustable vertically by means of the set screw and nut k,
Fig. 14. The breast bean or. bar over which the work passes is also
capable of adjustment, but such adjustment will only be necessary when the
loom is first set to work. It has been stated in reference to the fifth and
seventh position, shewn in Figures 9 and 11, Sheet I., that the hooks enter
between the dents of the reed when the batten beats up, but the hooks are not
always opposite to the spaces of the reed. In order, however, to bring the
hooks into the requisite position a slight endway motion is given to the hook
bar. This is effected by making a depression in the slot c¹, as shewn at c² in
Figures 16 and 17. It will be seen that when the end of the hook bar a is
in the depression the hooks will be opposite to the spaces in the reed, which
may therefore be beaten up, as shewn in Figures 9 and 11, but when the bar
advances along the groove c¹, as shewn in Fig. 17, the bar a is shogged so as

page_text: to bring the points of the hooks fairly under the figure warp threads as shewn
in the Figure.
Instead of causing the hooks to descend between the threads of the figure
warps in order to take up and form the loops we sometimes effect the same
object by causing the figure warps to rise up over the points of the hooks. This
will be understood by the two detached views, Figures 19 and 20, Sheet II.,
drawn upon an enlarged scale. It will be seen that in Fig. 19 the figure
warps 3 are drawn up to the highest point, and in so doing will be drawn up
the inclined points of the hooks and over their ends until they reach the
position shewn in Fig. 20. The pattern warps then descend, and when the
hooks advance and the batten beats up the loops will be produced as in the
other instance. In order to ensure an equal length of loop to each thread
throughout the width of the fabric a flat bar of iron may be placed edgewise
on the work so as to prevent the latter from rising when the pattern warps
are hooked up to form the loops. This, however, will scarcely be necessary
provided the breast beam over which the work passes (as it is made) be
properly adjusted before commencing weaving. For making cut pile fabrics
the beards of the hooks must be provided with a knife or cutting edge, so that
when being drawn out of the loops the cutting edge will sever the thread and
thereby produce a cut pile. It will of course be understood that in order to
obtain a drawing cut so as to cut the loops the hooks employed in making cut
pile fabrics must have a somewhat different motion given to them to that
which is required merely to draw out the hooks from the loops which are to
be left uncut. The drawing cut required for producing a cut pile may be
obtained either by suitably modifying the angle of the hook or by drawing
back the hook bar which forms the centre of motion of the hooks.
Fig. 21, Sheet I., shews the construction of hooks we prefer for making cut
pile fabrics. The hooks are made with points longer than those required for
terry loops, and their upper edges are made sharp except within about a
quarter of an inch of the stem of the hook which must be left round in order
to form the loop thereon, upon drawing the hooks back their cutting edge will
travel along the arc of the circle enclosed between the two arcs drawn in red
in Fig. 21 and in so doing will gradually by a drawing cut, cut its way out of
the loop. The weft thread or shoot may be thrown in by shuttles worked in
the ordinary manner, or the shoot or weft may be introduced into the shed by
means of a reciprocating thread carrier, such as that for which the said
Archibald Turner has applied for Letters Patent, bearing date December
Twenty-second, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. In this arrange-

page_text: ment the weft thread is secured in the fabric and a suitable selvage is formed.
by means of a binding or seaming thread wound on a quill contained either in
a vertical shuttle or passed through a loop formed by the weft thread or shoot;
or instead of securing the weft thread or shoot in this manner by passing a
quill containing the seaming thread through the loop formed at the selvage, a
double weft thread may be thrown or drawn in or introduced alternately from
each side by means of a suitable thread carrier, hook, finger, or other con-
venient mechanical contrivance. A selvage will be thus formed on one side
of the fabric by one weft thread and on the other side of the fabric by the
other weft thread, and these weft threads will be properly secured without the
use of any seaming or selvage thread. In order to secure the weft when only:
one weft thread is used, we employ a rotary disc or thread carrier provided.
with a hook which will catch hold of the weft thread and will pass the selvage
or seaming thread through the loop at the end of the weft thread and thus
prevent it from being drawn away from the selvage. In order to actuate the
rotary seaming thread carrier (which may be described as a circular disc with
a notch, slot, or opening cut in it and having the quill or bobbin containing the
seaming thread mounted thereon) a friction wheel or sector is made to bear
against a V-pulley or wheel connected with the rotary thread carrier, and by.
communicating an intermittent rotary motion to the friction wheel or sector
the rotary thread carrier will be made to rotate on its centre and pass the
seaming thread through the loop of the weft thread. An obvious modification.
of this mode of driving the rotary thread carrier is to adapt a toothed wheel to
the axle of the rotating disc and drive the same by means of a corresponding
toothed wheel or sector to which an intermittent rotary motion is communi-
cated by any convenient mechanism. It will be evident that instead of
an intermittent rotary motion in one direction an intermittent rotary motion
alternately in opposite directions may be employed if thought desirable.
Fig. 22, Sheet IV., is a front elevation, Fig. 23 is an end view, and Fig. 24
a plan view of so much of a carpet loom as is necessary to shew the mode of
introducing the weft threads from each side. In these Figures the mechanism
for producing the loop and for forming the shed is omitted in order to avoid
complexity in the Drawing. The thread to form the weft or shoot is wound
upon a large bobbin or spool m, which is placed in any convenient part of the
machine, and from this bobbin the thread passes through an eye and through
a sizing trough and clamping apparatus consisting of a trough n and angular.
bar n', suspended from an arm or arms to which a rising and falling motion
is communicated at the proper time when it is required to clamp the weft, all

page_text: of which motions are accurately described in the Specification of Archibald
Turner's Patent already referred to. In carpet weaving it is necessary to
damp the weft thread with some gummy or mucilaginous preparation. This
preparation (the composition of which is well known to carpet manufacturers,
and need not therefore be particularly described) is supplied either to a
separate sizing trough, as shewn in Figure 23, or to the damping' apparatus n,
and consequently as the weft thread is drawn through it becomes damped and
ready to enter into the fabric. From the trough n the thread passes down to
an eye in an adjustable tension arm o from another eye, at the end of which it
passes to a reciprocating arm p which may be called the thread carrier. This
arm is hollow, and the weft thread passes down the interior, and issues from
an eye at the end. The arm p is mounted on a horizontal rod 7, which is
capable of being moved to and fro laterally in its bearings by means of the
vibrating lever r, which is actuated by a cam s on the vertical spindle t, which
derives its motion from the crank shaft, as will be clearly understood on
reference to the Drawings. In order to facilitate the. introduction of the
thread carrier into the shed in a proper manner, a slight axial motion is given
to the rod as it moves forward with the thread carrier arm p. This is
effected by causing a pin u, extending from the rod q, to move along a curved
slot in the piece v fixed to the side standards. When the thread carrier p
has passed into the shed in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 24,
the loop is caught on a pin. at the end of the arm w, and therefore upon the
thread carrier p retreating from the shed it will leave a double weft thread
therein; this double weft is then beaten up by the batten, and upon the
change of shed taking place the pin of the arm w will be held in its place
until it is lifted up out of the loop, when the spring at the back of the arm w
will force it back as shewn at the left-hand side of the fabric in Fig. 24. The
lifting motion of the arm w is effected by means of a cam x, which, by acting
on one end of the lever y, will lift the arm. Another cam on the shaft of the
cam x will depress the levers, and by means of cords will act on the
clamping bar n¹, as will be seen by referring to Fig. 23. Precisely the same
operations take place from the other side of the fabric, and as the several
duplicate working parts are marked with corresponding letters of reference, it
will not be necessary to recapitulate the description; we will therefore only
observe that the thread carriers p and p' on the opposite sides of the fabric
operate alternately, to which end the actuating levers and are alternately
brought into gear with the cams s and s'. This throwing of the levers and
in and out of gear is effected by mounting the levers on a sleeve shaft which

page_text: is capable of being lifted up by the lever z¹, which is operated by a rod or
cord acted on by a cam below. When the weft is thrown in from one side
only we employ a rotary disc, which carries a bobbin or quill with a thread,
which, when passed through the loop formed by the weft thread, acts as a
selvage or seaming thread to secure the weft thread in the fabric. Fig. 25,
Sheet V., is a side view representing one means of effecting this object,
Fig. 26 is an edge view of the same, and Fig. 27 is a plan view. In
this arrangement the quill is mounted on one side of the disc.a which carries
on one side a toothed wheel b', which is mounted in the bracket arm c¹, and
is actuated by rack d', which, when moved up or down in a-vertical position,
causes the disc to rotate. Instead of this, rotary motion may be communicated
to the disc by the toothed pinion e¹, shewn by red lines in Fig. 25. It will
be seen that in the disc a¹ a slot or gate a² is cut out to receive the weft
thread, and when this latter is inserted by the thread carrier the disc is made
to rotate and carry the thread from the quill through the loop formed in the
weft thread, as shewn in Fig. 27; Fig. 28 is a side view, and Fig. 29 a plan
view of another mode of communicating rotary motion to the disc. In place
of wheel gearing we employ friction gearing, and adapt to the disc a pulley
with a V groove, into which gears a driving wheel with an angular-shaped
periphery, with this exception all the rest of the parts are as in the other
Figures.
Fig. 30 represents another mode of passing the seaming or securing thread
through the loop of the warp thread. In this instance the seaming thread
is wound on a bobbin, which is mounted in a carriage provided with a hoop
which can catch or take hold of the weft thread. This carriage is mounted
in an arm to which a vibrating motion is communicated for the purpose of
carrying the carriage forward. The operation of this arrangement is as
follows: The hook or beak of the carriage catches the loop of the weft, and
on the carriage being carried forward, the weft thread passes under and is
held by the securing thread so that it will be prevented from being drawn
out of the fabric.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Looms for
Weaving Terry and Cut Pile Fabrics, Parts of which Improvements are
also applicable to other Kinds of Looms," and having explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, we would observe that the arrangements or
contrivances herein set forth for securing the weft thread in the fabric are
applicable to other kinds of fabrics besides terry and cut pile fabrics, we do
not therefore intend to confine the application of these contrivances for securing
the weft thread to any particular description of loom. We claim,-

page_text: First, producing a terry or cut pile surface by means of hooks in the manner
herein set forth.
Second, introducing the weft or shoot in terry or cut pile fabrics in the
manner berein shewn and described...
Third, we claim the instruments or apparatus herein set forth for intro-
ducing the binding thread, whereby the weft thread is secured in the fabric.
In witness whereof, we, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward
Newton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-ninth
day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-four.
A. TURNER.
(LS.)
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)
A. TURNER.
(L.S.)
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)