A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COATING STRUCTURES OF METAL, STONE, OR WOOD, ESPECIALLY WHERE IT IS DESIRABLE TO PROTECT SUCH STRUCTURES FROM THE ACTION OF WATER, THE RAVAGES OF WORKS, the Growth of Plants, and MollUSCA."
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Sherwood Gaine, Francis Dixon, and
William Rockliffe, all of Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
and trading under the Style or Firm of The Isonandra Gutta
Marine Cement Composition Company, for the Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS, ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR COATING STRUCTURES OF METAL, STONE, OR WOOD, ESPECIALLY
WHERE IT IS DESIRABLE TO PROTECT SUCH STRUCTURES FROM THE ACTION OF
WATER, THE RAVAGES OF WORKS, the Growth of Plants, and MollUSCA."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Sherwood Gaine,
Francis Dixon, and William Rockliffe at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd September
1875.
We, JOHN SHERWOOD GAINE, FRANCIS DIXON, and WILLIAM
ROCKLIFFE, all of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, and trading
under the Style or Firm of The Isonandra Gutta Marine Cement Com-
position Company, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention

page_text: for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS, ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR COATING STRUCTURES OF METAL, STONE, OR WOOD, ESPECIALLY
WHERE IT IS DESIRABLE TO PROTECT SUCH STRUCTURES FROM THE ACTION OF WATER,
THE RAVAGES OF WORMS, THE GROWTH OF PLANTS, AND MOLLUSCA," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in a new presorvative paint or composition
containing the following ingredients, gutta percha, coal tar, Archangel
tar, resin, copper, arsenic, oil of turpentine, oil of citronelle, and linseed
oil. It is applicable to various purposes, such as protecting the bottoms
of ships from fouling, preventing corrosion or oxidation of metals, and
protecting structure of metal, wood, or stone from the action of water,
the ravages of worms or insects, and from the growth of plants and
mollusca.
In certain cases the following proportions are recommended and should
be mixed in the manner about to be described :-Three quarts of Archangel 1
tar, one quart of linseed oil, one gallon of coal tar, one and a half ounces
of oil of turpentine, and two ounces of oil of citronelle, are put into a
large pot or caldron to simmer over a slack fire to await the addition of
two pounds of gutta percha, and one and a half gallons of resin; these
two ingredients being melted together in a separate pot, as the resin 2
assists to bring the gutta percha sooner to a liquid state; as soon as
that is the case it is poured into the caldron and the wholo stirred by
one or two men. When they are thoroughly melted one pound of
copper, and one half pound of arsenic is then added. The fire is then
drawn and the mixture kept stirred until the copper and arsenic are 2
thoroughly incorporated.
When a ship's bottom for instance has to be coated a composition
prepared in like manuer and with the same ingredients as the above, but
excluding the linseed oil; copper and arsenic is first applied in a warm
state. This we call the protective coating as it protects the metal from g
oxidation. Another coating of the composition, including the whole of
the ingredients, is then laid on in prepared sheets or in a warm and
liquid state. This last coat prevents the growth of animal or vegetable
life.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Sherwood Gaine, Francis Dixon, and
William Rockliffe, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
SHERWOOD GAINE, FRANCIS DIXON, and WILLIAM ROCKLIFFE, all of
Sunderland, in the County of Durham, and trading under the Style or
Firm of "The Isonandra Gutta Marine Cement Composition Company,"
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, tho said John Sherwood Gaine,
Francis Dixon, and William Rockliffe, Her special licence, that we,
the said John Sherwood Gaine, Francis Dixon, and William Rockliffe,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others, as we, the
said John Sherwood Gaine, Francis Dixon, and William Rockliffe, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and
no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the.
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS, ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR COATING STRUCTURES OF Metal, Stone, or WOOD, ESPECIALLY WHERE IT IS
DESIRABLE TO PROTECT SUCH STRUCTURES FROM THE ACTION OF WATER, THE
RAVAGES OF WORMS, THE GROWTH OF PLANTS, AND MOLLUSCA," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said John Sherwood Gaine, Francis
Dixon, and William Rockliffe, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Sherwood Gaine, Francis

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in the preparation of a composition to be used
as a paint or varnish for coating materials and structures liable to the
action of water or damp, the ravages of worms or insects, and to the
growth of aquatic plants and mollusca.
-
In most cases we recommend the following proportions of the
ingredients to be used and mixed in the manner about to be described:
three quarts of Archangel tar, one quart of linseed oil, one gallon of coal
tar, one ounce of naptha, and two ounces of spirits of wine, are put into a
large pot or caldron to simmer over a slack fire, and await the accession
of two pounds of gutta percha, and one and a half gallons of resin which
are being melted together in a separate pot, the resin moro readily
bringing the gutta percha to a fluid state. As soon as that is the case
it is poured into the said caldron, and the whole stirred by one or two
When the contents of the caldron are thoroughly liquefied, one
pound of copper and half pound of arsenic are then added, but in some
instances however they may be omitted as will be hercin-after shown.
The fire is now drawn and the mixture kept stirred until the copper and
arsenic are well incorporated in the mass. Before the mixture becomes
cold it is poured into casks for commercial purposes.
men.
When required for use the cask is opened and a sufficient quantity of
the composition heated to a fluid state and applied to the material or
structure in a manner similar to painting or tarring. Two or three coats
of the composition may be required according as the requirements of the
case demand.
Should the bottom of an iron ship be the structure to be coated with
our composition, we would then depart somewhat from the process just
described, and first cover or paint the iron with the composition from
which the copper and arsenic have been excluded as herein-before men-
tioned. This protects the iron and prepares it for the reception of one
or two coats of the composition containing the copper and arsenic; this
last coat effectually prevents the growth thereon of grass and barnacles,
or other marine, animal, and vegetable life.
Our composition either with or without the copper and arsenic may
by the addition of two pounds of gutta percha, and the ordinary

page_text: appliances for making gutta percha into sheets, be prepared in the form
of sheets and laid on or over the first coating while yet warm in a
manner similar to paper hanging.
The above proportions of ingredients are we find preferable for
ordinary purposes where appearances are not considered; but when it is
desirable that the structure coated with our composition should present
an artistic effect, then that result may be gained by varying the pro-
portions of Archangel tar and linseed oil; thus, if the proportions three
of Archangel tar to one of linseed oil be modified to one of the former to
one of the latter, the composition will then present a lighter colour,
which when used in combination with the darker description, a pleasing
effect may be produced.
The lighter coloured composition would also be better adapted than
the darker kind for stone work, or where the structure receives the full
glare of the mid-day sun.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and in what
manner the same may be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we claim the composition or paint manufactured of the ingredients and
in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Sherwood Gaine, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.