matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sagar, Thomas Richmond,
and Christopher Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th of March 1868.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, Machine Maker, THOMAS RICHMOND, Cotton
Manufacturer, and CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, Overlooker, all of Burnley,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improved apparatus for "letting
off" motion for which Letters Patent were granted to the aforesaid
Thomas Sagar and Thomas Richmond A.D. 1866, No. .1775, and
consists in the employment of an arm placed on the vibrator; on the
end of the said arm is a stud on which works a short lever or catch
on which are two detents which act on the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
The action is as follows:-The tension or strain on the warp when
the shed is open causes the vibrator and arm thereon to bring the
front or first detent into contact with the teeth on the ratchet wheel
and thus prevent the further letting off of yarn; when the shed closes,
the tension being removed, the arm carrying the lever is depressed (by
means of a spring or cam), and the first detent is removed clear of

page_text: the teeth of the ratchet wheel at the instant the second detent enters
the ratchet wheel, thus letting off the warp. The lever or catch being
hinged at one end thereof (by means of the stud) is readily raised,
and both detents clear of the teeth of the ratchet wheel when "winding
up" or from any cause such may be desirable.
Secondly. A further improvement in this Invention relates to the
manufacture of the "tumbler balls" and "nose bits" of the picking
motion, and consists in casting such parts in iron moulds so as to
produce chilled iron, the parts above mentioned being subject to great
wear and tear.
Thirdly. In dispensing with the tension roller, which we effect by
means of a lever working on a stud; one end of the lever is provided
with an eye or lock through which a link from the shaft of the
cloth beam passes, on the other end of said lever is a spring or
weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitehouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1868.
I, THOMAS WHITEHOUSE, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the better regulation of the force of
the blast through the tuyeres of blast furnaces, and it is effected as
follows:-
Instead of employing one governing valve for any number of tuyeres
I employ an independent valve or equivalent check to each tuyere, by
which arrangement I am enabled to apply a stronger or weaker blast
to any one or more of the tuyeres independently of the remainder, and
thus to regulate the working of the furnace by applying stronger or
weaker blast precisely through whichever tuyere or tuyeres it may be
requisite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leedham Binns at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1868.
I, LEEDHAM BINNS, of the Firm of Binns, Hillam, and Company, of
Brighouse, in the County of York, Worsted Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent grease spots being produced
on fabrics during the process of weaving, and the improvements consist
in the application of a shield or guard of tin or other metal or material
placed on the picker spindle or other convenient position of the going
part or lay of a loom betwixt the picker and the edge of the fabric
or the warp thereof. These guards prevent oil or other lubricant used
on the picker spindle being thrown upon the fabric or upon the warp
by the action of the picker.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR COMPRESSING AND MOULDING COAL, PEAT, CLAY, AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office
of the Commissiouers of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1868.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Stanhope Villa, Campden Hill, Kensington,
in the County of Middlesex, England, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR COMPRESSING AND MOULDING COAL, PEAT, CLAY, AND OTHER PLASTIC
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The machinery is made of two double-acting steam or hydraulic
cylinders placed horizontally one over the other, and communicating
motion to cach other alternately. The lower or compressing cylinder
has attached to the piston rod on either side a plunger working.
accurately into a short mould or die, the upper part of which is made
to open and shut by the action of the upper cylinder for the reception
of the material to be compressed; while the outermost side of the mould
is also a revolving shutter, which forming one side of the mould when
the material is being compressed opens when this has been accom-
plished, and allows the compressed block to be discharged. The
upper cylinder (which may be made smaller than the lower one) works

page_text: by means of rack and pinion arrangement a circular measure, which
receiving from a liopper placed above it a quantity of the material under
operation revolves half a circle or more, and delivers the same down a
shoot into the mould, returning to its original position under the hopper
when the plunger recedes. The material thus introduced into the mould
receives, in the first instance, a certain amount of compression by the
action of the upper shutter as it closes over the delivery aperture, and
is then finally compressed into a block as the plunger travels forward
against the outer shutter, and discharged by a continuous action of the
plunger.
The entire press is novel, but the chief features of novelty in it are the
following:
1st. The measuring arrangement and the mode of working it.
2ndly. The form and construction of the mould or dic which allows
the pressure on the material commencing immediately the plunger is
in motion, whereas in those presses where a plunger and tube are used
the material has to be carried clear of the delivery aperture before the
compression begins. The result of my arrangement therefore is a
considerable reduction in the stroke of the piston, and a great saving of
steam at each stroke.
3rdly. By shaping either the face of the plunger or that of the outer
revolving shutter against which it travels, or both, any shape or design
may be given to the compressed block.
4thly. The continuous action of the plunger both compresses the
blocks and discharges them when compressed, and as the plunger
works through the mould exposing its face at each operation, that,
part of it which is apt to become fouled by contact with the material
under operation may be cleansed and lubricated at each stroke if
accessory without any stoppage of the works.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORING, SASH, AND BENCH CRAMPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Walker and John Candlin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st April 1868.
We, JACOB WALKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
and JOHN CANDLIN, of the same Place, Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORING, SASH,
AND BENCH CRAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of improved methods of constructing flooring,
sash, and bench cramps so as to obtain a ready and effectual means of
securing the cramp, and also of obtaining the forward or forcing
movement requisite in such kinds of tools. We propose to form a bed
plate and upright standard, the lower end of which passes below the
bed plate and constitutes the one jaw of the cramp ; this standard is
also provided with a square arm or boss projecting inwards. A second
upright standard constructed with slotted flanges is pinned upon the
bed plate and is capable of adjustment for varying thicknesses of work;
this adjustable standard is slotted vertically and formed with hinge
cheeks within which is pinned a hinged jaw piece, the upper end of
which is formed into a boss and tapped to receive a screw furnished

page_text: with a suitable handle; the lower end of the hinge piece is formed
into the second jaw. When the screw by means of the handle is moved
in one direction it works through towards the centre until it comes into
contact with the square projection upon the rigid standard, the resistance
of which will cause the hinge piece to work upon its centre, the tapped
boss moving outwards upon the screw, thus compressing the lower
portion or jaw upon the joist or other article required to be gripped.
The reverse motion of the screw releases the moveable jaw. For the
purpose of obtaining the forward movement of the cramps, as, for
instance, in the case of flooring requiring to be tightened together, we
construct an action box which is secured upon the bed plate and formed
to receive a tapped toothed pinion actuated by a vertical universal screw
secured in the action box, the upper end being provided with a suitable
handle. A screw works through the tapped toothed pinion, and upon its
forward end is secured a pusher block or mover; this screw is actuated
by means of the upright universal screw working in the toothed pinion
and is provided with a guide piece working in the bed plate; the motion
of the screw and mover in a forward direction tightens up the boards
or other article under operation, the reverse motion of the handle
releasing the pressure when desired. By securing a wedge piece upon
the rear end of the mover screw and causing such wedge to work when
the screw is in motion between the regulating screw of the grip action
and the square bearing upon the rigid standard, we can obtain in one
movement the gripping action and also the forward motion of the pusher
or tightener.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SIZEING YARN TERMED TAPE LEGS,' BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Altham, Jonathan
Clark, and Spencer Ridehalgh at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st February 1868.
We, THOMAS ALTHAM, JONATHAN CLARK, and SPENCER RIDEHALGH,
all of Nelson, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SIZEING YARN TERMED TAPE LEGS,' BEING ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to machinery for sizeing yarns wherein the
yarns pass between rollers and through a sizeing trough or troughs,
such as in machines called "tape legs," "slashers," and similar
machines, and is designed for the purpose of passing the yarn through
such troughs of sizeing material in a slack or loose open state instead
of in a state of tension as hitherto, whereby the yarn is more perfectly
permeated and saturated with the size.
The improvements consist in the novel application and use of an
additional pair of "drag rollers" to those already used at the front
or sizeing end of such machines, the additional rollers being so arranged
and driven that one pair shall be of larger diameter than the other,

page_text: or revolve at a greater speed, so that the yarn enters the size slack or
loose, and remains in such state whilst passing from the first pair of
rollers to a "dip roller" which is placed in the size trough between
the two pairs of "drag rollers," by which means the yarn is more
thoroughly sized and the strain or tension is not concentrated on one
point, and the yarn is less damaged than by the ordinary method of
sizeing and drying.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REDUCING AND UTILIZING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF SCRAP HOMOGENEOUS IRON OR STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1868,
I, JAMES THOMPSON, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REDUCING AND UTILIZING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF SCRAP HOMOGENEOUS IRON OR
STEEL," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements more particularly apply to the economic utilization
of ends of heavy scraps of what is technically termed Bessemer steel,
which is now extensively used in the place of wrought iron for a variety
of purposes, as, for instance, for permanent ways of railroads, in the
finishing of which short pieces are cut from the ends, and as the
utilization of such ends will generally express the character of my
improvements I will confine my description to them. These scrap ends
usually average from a foot to fifteen inches long, more or less, and I
purpose treating them in two ways, firstly, by reducing them entirely by

page_text: rolling in the mass; and, secondly, by dividing them by rolling, that is to
say, I first heat the lump or scrap end of Bessemer steel and pass it
between rolls so turned and arranged that they present V or other shaped
projections to the heated metal passed between them, which has the
effect of dividing the mass into as many divisional parts as may be
suitable by subsequent working and reduction down to desired sizes
by rolling. Thus from the means of dividing to that of shaping and
elongating, the processes conduce to the general improvement of the
condition of the metal by solidifying and improving its granular con-
struction. And this same process enables me to treat old worn out rails
in the same way, either by operating on them in the lengths or dividing
them up according to the purpose for which such reduced homogeneous
iron or steel may be required.
And, secondly, my improvements (in dealing with old worn out rails,
scrap ends, or lumps of homogeneous metal) consist in so arranging my
rolls that the thinner portions, such as the intermediate part of the top
and bottom of a rail, shall be supported while the larger portions are
reduced. Thus by a series of rolls or grooves a rail end may be first
reduced to a flat mass, and then compressed or rolled edgeway, so that
the middle portion shall be wrought and be subjected to the beneficial
effects imparted by the processes until the whole mass is reduced down
to a bar of a suitable or desired form in its transverse section. In no
case is the metal while under operation allowed to overlap, an effect I
entirely avoid, as the description of metal named will not weld like
ordinary iron or steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDINGS AND YARNS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wood and James
William Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st January 1868.
We, WILLIAM WOOD and JAMES WILLIAM WOOD, of Monkhill, near
Pontefract, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDINGS AND
YARNS," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of cardings and yarns as ordinarily carried on they
are made white or of uniform color, and of one kind or mixture of
material, any ornamentation or variegation in the color or material of
the yarns being produced by dyeing or printing them, or by twisting
or combining two or more threads differing in color or material
into one.
Now our improvements in the manufacture of cardings and yarns
consist in making parts of the length of each carding and yarn of
different colors or materials during or in the process of its formation,

page_text: which we effect by feeding into the carding engine or machine materials
differing in color or kind in stripes or other forms so as to produce by
the action of the machine on such different materials parti-colored or
varied cardings, which may be spun or formed into figured or parti-
colored and variegated yarns by the usual or other suitable methods.
AN IMPROVED GRAVITATING WHEEL MACHINE OR ENGINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Sallitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd August 1868.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH SALLITT, of Esholt, near Leeds, in the County
of York, Worsted Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED GRAVITATING WHEEL MACHINE OR ENGINE," to
be as follows:-
Upon a suitable framework I mount perpendicularly a hollowed disc
drum (fitted with an inner ring) in which I bore or cast a hole suitable
for the reception of a shaft eccentrically with the disc, and (by prefer-
ence) in the line of the horizontal axis of the same. Upon the inner
end of the shaft referred to and within the disc drum I key a boss
grooved diagonally, say at eight different points more or less on its face;
for the reception of sliding bars, to the outer ends of which are connected
friction pulleys which work between the periphery of the disc drum and
the inner ring alluded to. It will be apparent from the eccentric position
of the axis to the disc drum that the force of gravity will carry the bars
most extended with their pulleys down to the bottom of the disc drum
and so actuate the shaft as a prime mover through the grooved boss.

page_text: As such bars approach the bottom they are gradually drawn or pressed in,
and when on the horizontal axial linė are as much in as it is possible,
whilst the opposite bars having a preponderating weight by their leverage
keep the machine in motion.
The arrangement above referred to may be reversed if desired, that is 5
to say, the disc drum may form the centre portion (being eccentric
instead of regular as in the previous case), the remaining parts of the
machine according therewith.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE CLOSET OR COMMODE SEAT
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1868.
I, JOHN CARTER, trading as Lee & Carter, of 440, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Bookseller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE CLOSET OR COMMODE SEAT,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing the seat of or for a commode
or watercloset in pieces and hinging or jointing them together so that
they may fold or pack into a small compass.
And the Invention may be performed by forming the seat in two
halves or pieces of mahogany or other wood or convenient material
constituting together a seat of the usual shape with line of junction of
the two parts situate across the middle of the hole or opening; and
ordinary metal hinges (preferably of brass) or other convenient means
may be employed for connecting the two pieces together. In the folded
position the seat is reduced to half of its (plan or flat) dimensions as
measured when open for use, the general form in such folded position

page_text: being one half of a square or rectangle, having half of a circle (or other
curved figure) removed from one side or edge. The article is intended
as a portable removeable appliance to a pan or watercloset or privy, and
may suitably be called "acatharophylact."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OXIDE OF IRON WITH A VIEW TO ITS USE IN BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1868.-A communication from abroad by Ernest Deligny,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OXIDE OF IRON WITH A
VIEW TO ITS USE IN BLAST FURNACES," a communication to me from
abroad by Ernest Deligny, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
In the burning of iron pyrites a residuum of almost pure oxide of iron
in a powdered state is obtained, which oxide has hitherto been prepared
for use in blast furnaces by mixing it with clay or with lime, but as the
clay when introduced into the furnace forms a refractory material, and
as the lime becomes immediately disintegrated by the heat the use of
the oxide of iron in this form presents many disadvantages. Now,
according to this Invention it is proposed to mix the powdered oxide of
iron (obtained from the calcination of iron pyrites) with small coal, and

page_text: to agglomerate the mass by the addition thereto of tar, the whole being
pressed into bricks or blocks by suitable machinery, such as is employed
in the manufacture of artificial fuel; these ferruginous blocks in place
of becoming disintegrated by the heat when thrown into the blast
furnace are still further hardened and agglutinised by the coal which
enters into their composition. The proportion of coal may vary from
10 to 20 per cent. according as the coal employed is more or less
bituminous.
According to another mode of preparing or treating the herein-before
mentioned powdered oxide of iron it is proposed to mix in a dry state
from 40 to 60 parts by weight of bituminous coal with from 60 to 40
parts by weight of the said powdered oxide of iron, the proportion of coal
varying according to its agglomerating properties. This mixture is
introduced into an ordinary coke oven, whereby a coke is obtained con-
taining the iron almost entirely reduced and carburetted, and in the best
condition for employment in the blast furnace. By mixing the said
oxide of iron with chloride of manganese a manganesferous cast iron
will be obtained suitable for the production of Bessemer steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORRUGATED PLATES TO BE USED AS ENVELOPES IN LIEU OF HAIRCLOTHS IN THE PRESSING OF FATTY AND OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES, AND ESPECIALLY IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE, AND NEW (OR IMPROVED) APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Samuelson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1868.
I, MARTIN SAMUELSON, of 4, County Buildings, Hull, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORRUGATED PLATES TO BE USED AS
ENVELOPES IN LIEU OF HAIRCLOTHS IN THE PRESSING OF FATTY AND OLEAGINOUS
SUBSTANCES, AND ESPECIALLY IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE, AND NEW (OR
IMPROVED) APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
One part of the Invention consists in so adapting an ordinary pair of
rollers for rolling iron or steel or other ductile metal that the desired
parallel or tapered form of the plate, together with the necessary recessed
form thereof, with corrugations or ridges and furrows across the said
recess, may be produced at the same time by the simple operation of
rolling.
I employ a pair of ordinary rollers, one of which is made with a
parallel or tapered groove, corresponding to the desired shape of the plate
when finished; the said groove has formed on the bottom thereof the

page_text: 'necessary corrugations or ridges and furrows to form the recess and
impression therein on the surface of the plate, the other roller being
plain to form the flat side of said plate; or instead of the groove being
formed wholly in the one roller I form one portion thereof in the upper
and the other portion in the lower roller, and if desired the grooves in
both the upper and lower rollers may be formed with corrugations or
ridges and furrows so as to produce a corresponding impression in both
the upper and lower surfaces of the plate. Instead of employing only
one pair of rollers for imparting the desired parallel or tapered form and
corrugated impression to the plate a series of pairs of rollers may be
employed, each successive pair reducing the rough plate more nearly to
its finished dimensions in a manner well understood in the rolling of
iron and steel. The pairs of rollers may be made to revolve either con
tinuosly in one direction or alternately forwards and backwards, to
enable the rough plate to be properly entered into the tapered or parallel
groove and between the rollers.
Instead of employing rollers as above described I also produce these
plates by submitting the metal to pressure in moulds by means of
hydraulic or other suitable pressing machinery. By these means I am
enabled to produce such plates in wrought iron, steel, or other ductile
metal, by the one operation of rolling or pressing, at a much cheaper
rate than when as heretofore malleable cast iron is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING BOXES OR PACKING CASES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Floyd Chapman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th November 1868.
I, WILLIAM FLOYD CHAPMAN, of Llandudno, in the County of
Carnarvon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING BOXES OR PACKING CASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction or arrangement herein-after
described of the parts of packing boxes or packing cases for packing or
containing articles which it is desirable to pack or store in separate
layers to prevent injury in transit. Packing boxes or packing cases
constructed according to my Invention are especially useful for packing
game, poultry, fruits, flowers, and wines, but may also be used for various
other like purposes.
In constructing packing boxes or packing cases, according to my
Invention I make a series of trays or shallow boxes open at top, which
said trays when piled upon one another form a package resembling an
ordinary packing case. The bottom tray is provided with a vertical rod
at either end fixed firmly outside the tray. The said rods are of a length

page_text: equal to the depth of the series of trays combined together, and the tops
of the said rods are screwed and are provided with screw nuts. Each of
the other trays is provided at each end with an eye or loop, through which
eyes or loops when the trays are piled upon one another the rods fixed
to the bottom tray pass. I prefer to employ a series of three or four
trays, but I do not limit myself to any particular number. When the
series of trays have been placed upon one another a lid or cover is placed
upon the top one, the said lid or cover having a flat rod extending along
its middle through eyes, in the ends of which the before-mentioned
vertical rods pass. After the lid or cover has been put in its place on the
top of the upper tray the screw nuts are screwed on the ends of the
vertical rods, and the series of trays and lid are thereby secured together.
The lid or cover may have a handle with which to carry the packing box
or packing case. The sides of the several trays may be perforated, the
perforations being covered with wire gauze or perforated sheet metal, so
as to permit a passage of air and consequent ventilation through the said
trays. The trays may be made of different depths to suit the articles to
be packed. In using packing boxes or packing cases constructed
according to my Invention the series of trays are filled with the articles
to be packed and are placed upon one another in the manner described,
and the said trays and the lid are then secured together by the
screw nuts being screwed on the tops of the vertical rods as before
described.
AN IMPROVED PENCIL FOR MARKING ON LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hickisson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1868.
I, JAMES HICKISSON, of No. 75, Southgate Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PENCIL FOR MARKING ON LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
The object of the Invention is an improved pencil for marking on
linen and other fabrics.
In carrying out my improvements I combine with nitrate or other
suitable salt of silver, blue, lamp, bone, ivory, beech, or composition black,
black or Italian chalk, gamboge, and gum arabic. The proportions of
the matters may be varied, but those I have found to answer are,―
Nitrate or other salt of silver
Blue or other black or chalk
Gamboge
Gum arabic
-
-
1 ounce 1 drachm.
'
"
,, 1
-
1½ scruple.
1호
"
د,
mixed with water, by preference distilled. Ammonia, isinglass, per-
chloride, or etheral solution of gold and milk of sulphur may also be

page_text: added. The compound obtained is in a solid form applied in wood or
other holders for use as other pencils. The fabric to be written upon
better receives the marking if first damped in a solution of soda.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADVERTISING. MATCH BOXES AND SPILLA.. HOLDERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ignace Aub at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th September
1868.
I, IGNACE AUB, of No. 82, Boulevard de Sébastopol, Paris, in-the..
Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said:
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADVERTISING. MATCH BOXES AND SPILLA..
HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
My improved advertising match and spill holder. consists of a vase of
earthenware, glass, crystal, or any other suitable substance, the form
of which is such as to admit of its bearing round its. exterior surface
and in its centre a number of medallions, tablets,, shields,, or escutcheons..
The forms most suitable for the purpose are either pentagonal, hexagonal;.
octagonal, or polygonal, and on which the advertisements are placed,
and can be renewed or replaced by others when desired, such advertise-
ments being tastefully decorated, illuminated, or otherwise ornamented
er coloured, so as to add to the general effect of the vase and enhance.
its beauty. The tablets are provided on either. side with a small groove-
to admit of the advertisements (which consist of small placards: on.

page_text: enameled tin or glazed cardboard) sliding therein, the top of the tablets
or shields being furnished with a movable band of gold or other bright
metal, and forming part of the shield, working on hinges, so that it can
be raised when the card for advertising is inserted and pressed down in
its place, which keeps the card in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM ENGINE AND OTHER BOILERS TO ECONOMIZE THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL AND FEED WATER, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Slater at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1868.
I, JAMES SLATER, Engineer, 12, Catherine Terrace, Lansdowne Rd,
S.W., Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM ENGINE AND OTHER
BOILERS TO ECONOMIZE THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL AND FEED WATER, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of a metallic dome or
cistern into which I insert a number of pipes or tubes, or a coil or
spiral tube, through which the feed water passes in its course to the
boiler or boilers. The configuration of the dome or cistern I vary so as
to adapt it to locomotive, stationary, or any other kind or form of high-
pressure engine boilers, and it may be fixed on the smoke-box or any
other convenient position, so as I can use or employ the hot gases as
they escape from the furnace in connection with the exhaust steam for
heating the feed water to a high temperature before it enters into the
boiler; but in some cases I only use the exhaust steam for the aforesaid
purpose.
AN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Roman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1868.
I, LOUIS ROMAN, of Paris, France, Hydraulic Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
A new and improved apparatus called "chaine pendante hydraulic"
with curved paddles, which by my new mode of construction obtains.
an unlimited motive power by means of the current of rivers or
flowing streams.
This Invention is particularly applicable to the irrigation of lands,
as the machinery raises the water in large quantities through their
great power and quickness, and these in proportion to the natural
velocity of the current of the river or stream in which the machinery
is placed. The hydraulic apparatus is so constructed that it is most
efficiently applicable for warping land. By means of endless chains
or straps rolling on octagonal wheels fixed to the axis of the apparatus
they operate so as to tow boats up or down streams. They also provide

page_text: motive power to all kinds of machinery, also for water works for supply-
ing towns, draining land, marshes, as well as dredging.
The Invention consists in two endless chains formed of bars of flat
iron with articulated joints and curved paddles fixed on these bars.
These paddles are kept perpendicular and parallel to each other at
suitable distances apart, so as to form an endless chain of paddles, which
chain is laid over two or more drums, pulleys, or wheels, the axis of
which are situate parallel to the level of the water and revolve in
vertical standards provided in boats or other suitable moveable or fixed
supports. The said endless chain is laid in the direction of the current,
and kept at such height that the paddles of the lower portion of the
chain are immersed perpendicularly in the water, whilst the remainder
of them are out of this latter. The current in acting on the immersed
paddles will carry them forward and thus cause the revolution of the
endless chain and also the revolution of the drums, pulleys, or wheels
over which this latter is laid, which revolving motion may further be
transmitted by any suitable mechanical means to and serve as a motive
power for driving machinery or other suitable purposes requiring a cheap
and efficient motive power.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN, THE MODE OF: WORKING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Louis Paraire at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
29th August 1868.
I, EDWARD LOUIS PARAIRE, of Mornington Crescent, Regent's Park,.
in the County of Middlesex, Architect and Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN, THE MODE OF:
WORKING STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to increase the effective power
of steam engines of all kinds. To this end I introduce compressed air or
other gaseous element within the working cylinders of steam engines,
and avail myself of the heat of the steam when partially exhausted:
to develop the expansive properties of the air or gas, and increase the
propulsive force in the rear of the pistons of such engines.
In carrying out my Invention I connect with the engine an air-
pump worked by proper mechanical adjuncts by the engine or other-
wise, and provide in the pipe forming the connection regulating taps or:

page_text: valves for giving an intermittent regulated supply of the compressed
air or gas at the proper moment to the cylinders. The compressed
air I prefer to store in a receiver that it may be ready for instant use,
and the regulating taps or valves I work by suitable gear worked by the
steam engine, care being taken that it is arranged so as to allow of the
taps or valves being suddenly opened at any given point in the course
of the piston, so as to allow when desired a volume of compressed air
to be suddenly thrown in the cylinder behind the piston when in
motion. The air or gas being thus brought in contact with the heated
steam suddenly expands, and acting as a propelling power assists in
forcing the piston forwards.
I do not confine myself to any particular mechanical arrangement
for carrying out the principle of my Invention, as the designs will
necessarily vary according to the nature of the engines to which my
Invention may be applied, but in all cases the character of apparatus
above indicated will be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Myers and Lipman Louis
Morrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th November 1868.
We, JACOB MYERS and LIPMAN LOUIS MORRISON, both of Leeds, in
the County of York, Hat and Cap Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OP HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to improve more especially what are
known as felt or cloth hats. We effect this by the introduction of a
wire at the edge of the brim, and we curve or curl such brin in its side
elevation in an elliptical manner, and further cause such brim to rise
towards the crown of the hat.
A minor feature in our Invention consists in having a seamless edge
to the brim of the hat or covering for the head by carrying the
material used from the upper inside of the brim to the under side of the
same.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, CARTS, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Betts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
June 1868.
I, WALTER BETTS, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex, Coach
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, CARTS, AND
OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of two springs of elliptic, semi-elliptic, or other
convenient form fixed either separately on two trestles or on a stand
sufficiently long to receive a carriage or vehicle. A graduated bar
as an indicator passes through the trestles or stand, such indicator
being marked with notches and figures to register the weight of the
carriage by the deflection of the two springs, adding the sum of the two
indicators together, or connecting the two indicators and thus reading
off the weight at once. I also use a dial as registering the weight placed
upon the springs. On the top of each spring is fixed a block or cushion
on which the axletree of the vehicle rests, so that the carriage may be
entirely suspended, and the weight correctly ascertained as registered
by the indicator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING APARTMENTS, CONSERVATORIES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO EVAPORATING PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie and William
Thomas Cheetham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th December 1868.
We, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and WILLIAM THOMAS CHEETHAM, of Ashton-under-
Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR WARMING APARTMENTS, CONSERVATORIES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO EVAPORATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the use of steam at atmospheric pressure,
or substantially so, for heating and evaporating purposes, and by which
therefore the danger of explosion is obviated. To accomplish this we
employ a boiler which is fed with water by an adjacent vessel, the com-
munication between the two being always open and the water level being
the same in the said boiler and vessel, and to maintain this condition we
use an outlet of sufficient area to allow the passage of the steam as it
is generated, and it may flow through pipes or other ordinary apparatus
used for heating purposes. In order to keep up the supply of water
additional quantities may be added to the feed vessel from time to time,

page_text: but we propose to make a communication between the said pipes or
other heated surface and the said feed vessel or the boiler itself, and
as there will be no pressure therein the water of condensation flows back
to be again evaporated.
Another method we propose for the same purpose is to place a ball-
cock in the boiler or in the aforesaid feed vessel, and which when the
water sinks below a certain level will after the ordinary action of
ball-cocks admit a sufficient quantity of water to keep up the level;
or in place of the ball-cock an arrangement similar to the ordinary bird
fountain may be adopted. These last-mentioned arrangements may be
combined with the returning of the water of condensation in order to
make up for any waste that may take place. The boiler may be heated
by an ordinary fire but for small purposes and where available we
propose to use gas, which we have found can be used with sufficient
economy for raising steam under the aforesaid conditions, and in like
manner we propose to use the flame of lamps which burn paraffine and
other oils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding and Richard
Holding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th April 1868.
We, JOSEPH HOLDING and RICHARD HOLDING, both of Wheelton,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,'
to be as follows:-
The healds are that portion of the loom that are employed for raising
and lowering the warp threads for the purpose of forming "sheds "
spaces between the threads through which the shuttle passes in its
"pick' " from box to box. The constant drag and friction of the warp
threads through the eyes of the healds when "shedding" naturally
produce a rapid destruction of the same.
In order to obviate this frictional drag of the warps through the
eyes of the heald is the object of our Invention, which consists in
making the supports for the warp threads of fine brass or other metal
wires, which are formed in two lengths or parts, one of which is
suspended from the metal band of the top shaft of the heald, and
terminates in an eye or loop at about half the distance between the top

page_text: and bottom shafts, the remaining or second length of wire is connected
to the hand of the lower heald shaft, the opposite end or extremity of
which is coupled up or connected by means of a small eye with the
suspended eye belonging to the top shaft, thus forming a linked
connection between the top and bottom wires which form supports for
and through which the warp threads pass. When the warps during
the action of "shedding" come into contact with the top or bottom of
the suspended eyes, the couplings or links of the wires forming the eyes
are caused to advance from their vertical position a distance equal to
the versed sine of the segment, or are described by the warps when
being moved by the wire healds from a closed to an open shed, thus
preventing any friction and consequent wear upon the healds, thereby
rendering them the more durable.
AN IMPROVED REFLECTOR FOR OIL AND OTHER LAMPS AND BURNERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Byron Hubbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1868.-A communication from abroad by Augustus
Hubbell, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, THEODORE BYRON HUBBELL, of Euston Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED REFLECTOR FOR OIL AND OTHER LAMPS AND
BURNERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a means for throwing
down the light from table and other lamps upon the table, or upon
objects below the level of the burner without the use of the opaque
shades now commonly used which keep the room in comparative
darkness by confining the reflected light to a very small space. To
this end a metal shield or reflector made bright on its under side and
pierced at the centre to allow of the flame of the lamp passing up
through it is fitted to the Argand or other burner, and by means of
a pinion in gear with a rack connected with the reflector it is made
capable of vertical adjustment relatively to the lamp flame. When
the lamp or burner is required to diffuse its light equally through

page_text: the apartment in which it is situate the reflector is retained in its
lowest position, but when it is required to reflect the light upon the
table on which the lamp stands the reflector is raised by means of
its rack and pinion to any desired distance up the length of the flame
and so much of the light as is due to that portion of the flame below
the reflector is thrown down while the remainder of the light is
diffused through the apartment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PROPULSION OF VESSELS BY JETS OR STREAMS OF WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie and John Fielden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th June 1868.
We, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and JOHN FIELDEN, of the same Place, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO THE PROPULSION OF VESSELS BY JETS OR STREAMS OF WATER," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to that description of hydraulic motors
in which jets or streams of water are caused to impinge upon floats,
vanes, or other parts mounted upon a revolving axis, or to that
description of motor in which the water acts on the principle of the
"Barker's mill," and consists in causing such jets or streams to be
accompanied by air drawn towards them by their velocity.
To illustrate our Invention we will suppose the case of a jet acting
against floats of a rotating wheel, and which may be immersed in water.
The orifice for this jet or stream we compound, causing one orifice at
the outward end of a tube to deliver the water to another at the inward

page_text: end, there being a space between them. This space is furnished with
an opening communicating with the external atmosphere, and through
which air is drawn by the rush of the water. We also propose to
regulate the speed of the wheel by adapting a valve to the above-
mentioned opening, and by which it may be throttled more or less at
pleasure.
Secondly. Our Invention consists in applying the above-described
arrangement to jets or streams which are used for propelling vessels.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Firth and Edward Firth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 10th June 1868.
We, JAMES FIRTH and EDWARD FIRTH, of Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in reaping and mowing machines have for their
special object to obviate the necessity of using a crank or cranked
shaft for giving motion to the knife bar; the irregularity of the motion
imparted through the crank speedily deranging the working parts of
the machine and not unfrequently breaking the knife bar.
Our improvements consist in the use of a wheel or drum, on the
periphery of which a waved groove or recess is formed, through which
motion is given to the knife bar. On the main or driving shaft, on which
the traversing wheels are fixed which carry the whole machine, we fix
a spur wheel which gears to a pinion on a second shaft. On this second
shaft we fix a wheel or drum, on the circumference of which a waved
groove or recess is formed traversing the plane of the circumference in
a diagonal manner. Immediately in front of this wheel or drum and

page_text: parallel with the knife bar is a lever suspended on suitable bearings;
on one end of the lever is a steel stud or pin which fits into the waved
groove in the drum or wheel; to the opposite end of the lever the knife
bar is attached by a link or connecting rod. Hence when the machine
is put in operation, and the wheel or drum begins to rotate, an easy
oscillatory motion is imparted to the lever to which the knife bar is
attached by means of the stud or pin traversing from side to side in
the diagonal groove formed in the plane of the circumference of the
aforesaid wheel or drum.