Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1887
Complete Left, 11th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 11th May, 1888
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE of No. 11 Wellington Street Strand London, in the
County of Middlesex Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a telegraphic system having for object the establishment
of apparatus necessary to obtain the following result :-
To place in direct communication all the stations of a line so as to permit trans-
mission from any one station to any other station without any intervention of the
intermediate ones.
To permit each station to know the calling or sending station and the called or
receiving station upon the line.
Thus, suppose that upon a telegraphic line composed of 15 Stations No. 1 wishes to
correspond with No. 6.
No. 1 operates his apparatus and at the same time all those of the line, which are
thus informed that stations 1 and 6 are in correspondence.
Communication is thus established without the intermediate stations 2, 3, 4 and 5
having to occupy themselves with what is passing between Nos. 1 and 6.
No. 6, The station called, is informed by its apparatus that it is No. 1 that calls.
The stations beyond No. 6 are also informed and may in their turn communicate
with each other.

page_text: This result is obtained by the aid of three apparatuses.
1. The General Call ("Rappel Général") represented Sheet 1 of the accompanying
three sheets of drawing.
21 The
TT
Figure 1 is an exterior view of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is a section.
Figure 3 indicates the direction of the currents of make and break which are
produced within the apparatus.
The apparatus is composed of two telegraphs with dial upon which letters are
replaced by numerals. The dial on the left indicates the calling station, that on the
right the station called: Communications and deviations ("dérivations") are produced
within the apparatus according to the relative position of the two indicating needles or
pointers, that is to say that at each passage of the current in one of the two Electro-
magnets, there is an escape of the clockwork movement and one of the ivory cylinders
advances by one tooth. This advance puts in communication metal parts fixed on
the ivory cylinder with friction plates which make or break circuits within the
apparatus.
The effect of these contacts and breaks has for object according to circumstances:-
1. To place all the apparatuses arranged from station to station in communication.
2. To permit the receiving apparatus, that is to say the ordinary telegraph to be in
communication with the call only as long as the calling station and that called are on
the same No.
3. To bring back all the apparatuses to the cross by sending a contrary current to
that which served for passing the message.
Each station is provided with a polarized relay closing a local circuit actuating the
call ("rappel") in establishing communication either at for f¹. The positions of the
pointers permit escapement setting the receiver at work, and producing the call.
These escapements this call and the working of the receiver are due to a local current.
The receiver might also be actuated directly by the line current as will hereinafter be seen.
In indicating by :-
A an electro-magnet producing the escape of one division of the wheel fixed to the
cylinder D in the direction of the arrow.
B an electro-magnet producing the escape of a division fixed to the cylinder E in
the direction of the arrow.
f
Da cylinder of ebonite having metal rings furnished with cams.
E a cylinder in ebonite having metal rings furnished with cams.
The cylinder D is provided with a pointer indicating the calling station.
The cylinder E is provided with a pointer indicating the station called.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the apparatus at rest. At any point of the line connecting
the different stations the circuit may be simultaneously closed in all the stations at fi
orf (see the manipulator)." being closed the circuit is open at p, no effect is
produced. being closed the circuit is closed at t passes into the wire joined to a
metal piece, traverses the electro-magnet B and goes into the 2d pole f of the battery.
Each closure at f' permits the escape of one division of the cylinder E (in this way
the circuit might be closed at 91, another communication broken with r and
reestablished at 1 by means of the springs a uplifted by the cams 6 and coming into
contact with the blades or plates c or c¹, and that only in the station called, whereas in
all the stations without exception the spring closes the communication at p) At
present the circuit at f" is closed (from the first movement of the cylinder E), this
circuit passes from p into the spring to traverse the apparatus and issue by the
contacts, and is then directed upon the electro-magnet A and from thence goes to
join the 2d pole of the battery f. Each closure at f" will permit the escape of a
division of the cylinder D. This cylinder will thus be brought to the.number of the
J

page_text: station in which we are, at the first displacement the 2d spring breaks the com-
munication with t¹ and reestablishes it at t. The 3d spring will do the same up to
the moment when the primitive communication will be reestablished and that the
following cam (arranged on the generatrix passing by the number of the station)
uplifts the 3d spring.
Previous to the displacement of the cylinder D the local circuit of the bell will be
closed at the station called, that of the circuit comprising the receiver will first close
at r called (and also at u¹ in the apparatus of the calling station, when by the dis-
placement of the cylinder E the station has named itself on the apparatus.
All the apparatuses arranged along the line now indicate the stations in communi-
cation.
At the station called, the circuit begins at f¹ and passes during the sending of the
telegram to t, traverses the apparatus, enters at passes into the spring in contact at
this station only, enters into the wire R and traverses the electro-magnet of the
receiver, the other end of which is connected with the other pole f of the local battery,
each signal therefore passes into f¹ and the telegraphic receiver and the apparatuses
arranged along the line remain stationery. In the calling station on the contrary,
the wire in permanent communication with the 2d spring on the left communicates
as heretofore with the contact t, passes into the contact u¹ and enters into the 3d
spring, which gives a first closing of the circuit of the receiver at R, and goes to
rejoin the other pole f of the battery, the signals dispatched are therefore registered
at the point of departure at each closing of the circuit at 1 by the intermediary of
the relays.
At the same time that a first closing of the circuit of the receiver is obtained
another circuit opens either on the right at the station called, or on the left in the
calling station; this circuit L L open serves to compel the sender to name himself
and to permit only the station called to answer (see this circuit in the description of
the manipulator).
At the same time that the circuit of the sounder is closed, a deviation taken on
this circuit causes the ungearing of the "Morse" apparatus and the dispatch may
inscribe itself upon this apparatus without the intervention of the Employe for whom
it is intended. To put the apparatuses at their starting point it is only necessary to
direct the local circuit into the wire f", the electro-magnet A will permit the escape
of divisions of the Cylinder D up to the moment when the 1st spring uplifted by the
cam comes and breaks the communication at S to reestablish it at S'; at this precise
instant the cylinder D will be arrested by a small lever catching on to this last
cylinder before returning completely to its starting point and the current always
issuing from fl now traverses the electro-magnet B which will permit the escape of
divisions of its cylinder up to the moment when the first spring uplifted by the cam
placed at the starting point comes and breaks the circuit at p; At this precise moment
the small ungearing lever is uplifted and it will permit the escape of the cylinder D
which will also come back to its point of departure without being able to pass beyond.
The apparatuses will thus undoubtedly be brought back to their starting point and
the concordance reestablished after each Telegram dispatched. It will also be seen
that the stations unconcerned are all informed of the state of the line and that they
will receive no auditory signal if they are not concerned, the circuit LL closed
prevents them from perverting or altering the sending of these dispatches; if the case
is urgent they may nevertheless replace the apparatus at the cross and that by closing
the local circuit at f" by the intermediary of the relays. Other communications may
also be added and be operated by these same cylinders, or deviations may be established,
or again a second receiver may be added &c. &c.; that is to say any combinations
which may be of a certain utility.

page_text: Figure 2 is a view of the apparatus in elevation.
Figure 3 is a plan.
This relay is intended to operate the movement of the general call and the receiving
apparatuses.
It has for object to work whatever may be the electrical tension. The relay being
the only piece receiving the line current and this latter being subject to very con-
siderable variations the arrangement of the various parts permit the prevention of
irregularity of the relay.
This apparatus is composed in principle:
:-
1° Of one or several induction coils; the inducing wire is connected with the line
wire.
2° Of a receiving piece R connected with the inducted or secondary wire.
3° Of a small electro-magnet serving to break the line wire when the tension of the
currents is beyond the limit of security.
When a current "flux" of electricity enters at L to leave at L' it traversés :-
1° The small electro-magnet Q arranged as an electric bell sounder.
2° The inductor or primary current of the coil I.
Directly a variation takes place in the electrical tension or strength of the inductor
wire, the secondary wire surrounding the primary wire, the line wire will be traversed
by a current; this current will excite the receiving piece R.
This laid down, I come to the practical arrangement given to it for a particular
case, this case concerns the apparatus termed the "general call."
The Figures 2 and 3 show the relays.
The line wire is represented on the plan view by L L'.
The wire traversed by the induced current is represented by J J¹.
The wire traversed by the local current operating the recall and other receivers by
a dotted line.
The first electro magnet Q is the breaking apparatus of the line circuit.
The second electro-magnet is of the "Siemens" type, only the cores are not polarised
by the magnet U.
The inductor wire is wound at the bottom of the bobbin and the inducted on the
exterior, further a tongue or armature a polarised by the magnet U moves between
its poles; at the ends of the armature are two isolated plates 1 and 2, two wires start
from these two metal plates and go to the points f₁, f", of the "general call."
Upon the core of the electro-magnets are two contact blocks d carrying contact
screws or terminals.
These contact blocks are insulated.
Following the last sign ("signe") of the line current having traversed these electro-
magnets, the tongue a remains attracted by one or other of the soft iron cores, it is
therefore stationary so long as the sign of the line current remains invariable, it
begins to move when it changes.
Finally, the 3d electro-magnet of the "Siemens" type with polarised cores carries at
its upper part two metal contact blocks e with contact screws; these contact blocks
are insulated from the iron cores but they are respectively connected with the contact
blocks d of the 2d electro; a tongue or armature a¹ is placed between these two
contact blocks.
The whole communicates at Z with one of the poles of the local battery, the other
pole communicating with the general call, and finally f' and f¹ go and rejoin this
last pole after having traversed the electro-magnets or apparatuses to be put in action
by this local current.
Assuming the line current ("flux de ligne") to be invariable directly the current
traverses the inductor the induction will in its turn send a current into the 3d electro
which represents the receiving piece of Fig. 1.
This last inducted current will cause the tongue a¹ to move in such a way as to
complete the local circuit represented by the dotted line J.
If now the emission of the line current is arrested, an induced current of contrary

page_text: sign will arise, this current will act on the 3d electro and bring back the armature to
its first position in breaking the local circuit.
→
When the sender of the Telegram sends a positive electric current on the line, and
consequently to the inducing wire of the relay, the second circuit will be traversed by
an induced current which will cause the tongue a to move in a direction, determined,
by construction, to close the first local circuit of the system. When this line current
is interrupted the tongue a¹ will be brought back to its primitive position.
The tongue a being at this latter position, if the sender of the Telegram now
sends a negative current on the line and consequently in the inducing wire of the
relay, the tongue a will move, the tongue a¹ remain stationary and the second local
circuit of the system will be closed up to the moment that this last line current is
interrupted. On the interruption of this line current the tongue a' will have its
position at rest opposite the primitive position originally taken.
SHEET III. TRANSLATOR.
It is necessary in the manipulation of the general call to use sometimes a negative
and sometimes a positive current. The translator is a relay with double current
which operates automatically and sends a negative or a positive current accordingly
as it is operated. The electro-magnets A B are wound differently so that a negative
current actuates A and a positive current B. In the passage of the currents the
wheel carrying the springs moved by A so that these springs which are all fixed on
this wheel come some against the small. screws, some away from them and thus
produce contacts and breaks explained by the Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the Translator.
Figure 2 is a plan.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 indicate the direction of their currents, their make and break.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the installation of a line from a station on a line not
charged, from a station on a line charged.
This apparatus is intended for the reexpedition of a current coming from one side
of a line to the other side in overleaping the station where it is installed in working
this other side by a current of the same sign.
The points + and
-
indicate the poles of the local battery of the station intended
to furnish the current according to the sign expressed.
The springs forming the contacts are actuated by the electros A B, all together,
which ensure good contacts and avoid all regulating.
Figure 3 shows the course of the currents in this apparatus.
The black points (+) and (-) indicate respectively the poles of the battery of the
Station P, intended to provide the line current which is to possess the sign accordingly.
as above expressed.
These two points are movable together and permit: -1° making the point (+)
communicate with m and at the same time the point (-) with n'.
2° making the point (+) communicate with m' and at the same time the point (-)
with n.
In the first case, the positive pole of the line battery communicates with the earth
and the negative pole with n' and m¹; in the second case, the reverse takes place.
A and B are two polarised relays to which are attributed the working of the
contacts to obtain greater simplicity in the explanations.
a, a¹ and a¹¹ are contacts moved by the relays A, as well as the points (+) and (−)
which will be displaced in the desired direction.
B, 6 and 6 are contacts moved by the relays B etc.
At rest, the circuit is open at a and closed at a¹ and a".
At rest, the circuit is open at B and closed at 61 and 6".
While A is in action (current coming from the side X) it closes the circuit at a ;
it opens, on the contrary a¹ and all and either Fig. 4 or Fig. 5 is obtained,
according to the sign of the current which has passed through A.

page_text: In both cases, the current arriving at X passes through A and is put to the earth,
whereas the point (+) in the first case, (-) in the second case communicate with
the side Y. Before this latter current (+ or -), in going towards Y traversed B
it experienced a deviation which prevents B from working, because, at this moment
the circuit a is closed. It is true that B is itself traversed by a part of the current,
but it may be rendered so small that it need not be considered.
If now this reasoning is applied to the side X of the line.
A B (Fig. 6) represent a telegraphic line; the numerals indicate telegraphic
stations The line wire passes through each station traversing a relay. The two ends
of the wire A and B constantly communicate with the earth. A battery lodged at
each station may be inserted in this circuit by means of two manipulators. At the
moment that the circuit is closed with the inserted battery, the relays traversed by
the current are set in motion. These latter actuate the general call which distributes
these communications, according to the conditions under which it has been
established.
Figure 6 Arrangement of the line wire within a telegraphic station and which
may be applied upon lines which are not too much charged.
This arrangement necessitates complete silence of the stations not interested,
nevertheless an urgent dispatch may be sent by any one of the stations by consequently
disturbing the stations in communication.
Figure 7. The manipulators are represented at M and N, P indicates the line
battery, R the polarised relay which may close a local circuit and direct the current
into the wire for f". L L are two ends of wire which the proposed apparatus
may close and consequently prevent the non interested stations fiom sending signals
unsolicited by the manipulator N; it will also be seen that nothing prevents sending
with the key M; but in this case the apparatuses are replaced at their first position
and no dispatch can be sent by this latter key. The proposed apparatus is so
constructed that the circuit L L is open at the two communicating stations and closed
everywhere else.
By lowering the key N the relays arranged at each station close the circuit f³, on
the contrary by lowering M it is the circuit that will be closed.
This arrangement is common to all the stations.
In the first station the wire on the left goes to the ground, in the last station it is
the wire on the right which is in communication with the earth.
Another arrangement of line wire within the station, which may be applied to lines
very much charged, is shown Figure 8.
With this arrangement several employés may send dispatches on the same line,
provided always that the stations in communication are not traversed. In order that
a same intermediate office may receive dispatches coming from right and left the
receiver has two electro-magnets working respectively the style; these styles are
contained in two vertical and parallel planes so that the inscriptions upon the tape
cannot be mixed.
Figure 8. shows the arrangement of a station installed in the middle of the line.
The interposed resistances evidently vary with the arrangement of each station.
When the station is at rest the block a is connected at a and the block all with the
block a by means of a double commutator, in the same way the block y is connected
with the block y¹ and the block y" with the insulated block b-Any electric current
traversing the circuit will work the relay f and cause the recording of the signals at
the recall; no manipulation will be necessary for the station traversed.
For example-The station as described is called from the side X of the line.
The employé on duty pushes the double commutator so as to put into communi-
cation with ' and with a, the current will then traverse during the transmission

page_text: the resistance (y - R+r) + R and go to earth; the receiver R will inscribe the
telegram.
It will also be seen that the side Y may cause the recording at the recall of the
stations which are about to place themselves in communication, in fact the current
arriving at y passos from the block y¹ to y, traverses the relay r, goes to block x
passes to block all, traverses the resistance ✗ and goes to earth.
If it is the station under consideration which is called, the relay will by the
intermediary of the recall transmit the dispatch, which will be inscribed by the
2d style with which the apparatus is provided.
If now the exchange of Telegrams terminates on the side X, the station under
consideration will work the manipulators of the left side to inform the stations
situated on that side as to the state of communication disposable, and he will then put
his commutator at the position of rest.
It will also be seen that although exchanging telegrams with the side X this
station may nevertheless attack a station ou the Y side.
DIIL
TAL
11
1
C 5
1007

page_text: Improvements in Telegraphy.
A Communication from abroad by AUGUSTE CLAUDE, of 32, Faubourg Poissonnierè,
Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11 Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in Telegraphy
:―
It is known that in the present state of telegraphy, to send a message to any station
of a line communication must be asked for successively at each of the intermediate
stations, in order to be ultimately connected with that with which it is desired to
correspond.
This being done, none of the stations which have cut off can communicate with
another, and do not even know if the line is occupied and when it becomes free.
The apparatus of this invention has therefore the merit :-
'
1° of placing all the stations of a line in communication at once.
2° of indicating at each of these stations which are the stations in correspondence.
3° of opening communication with only the two stations which desire to corre-
spond, to the exclusion of the others and independently of them, they being isolated
automatically.
4° of indicating at all the stations the termination of the correspondence; the
needles of the apparatus placing themselves at the cross at all the stations indicate
that all communication has ceased.
This system of Telegraphy is composed of three apparatuses.
1° The general call, the functions of which have been above set forth; its mechanical
parts make and break contacts establishing or interrupting communication with the
receiving apparatuses.
2° A polarised relay indicating the sense of the current transmitted to it, working
the general call by the aid of a local pile.
3 A translator;-this apparatus, a kind of polarised relay, serves to transmit a
local current of the same sense as that which actuates the apparatus, either on the
extension of a main line or upon a branch line.
THE GENERAL CALL (SHEET I OF THE ACCOMPANYING 3 SHEETS OF DRAWING.)
It is composed of two telegraphs with dial having numerals indicating the number
of stations on the line.
The dial on the right indicates the station called..
The dial on the left the calling station.

page_text: rests on the contacts returning through the electro-magnet A to the second pole of
the pile at a..
Each closure at a" permits the cylinder D to move through one division and thus
this cylinder will be brought to the No. of the station occupied by that desirous of
establishing the communication, and this will be the case in all the apparatuses of the
line.
At the first displacement of the cylinder D the cam.20 in withdrawing itself opens
communication at t by the spring No. 2. In like manner the spring No. 4 will break
communication with u! and will reestablish it with u in all the stations excepting in
the apparatus of the calling station which possessing a cam 21 corresponding to its
No. communication will be again established with u.
.7
Upon the revolution of the cylinder D, the local circuit of the bell and of the
<receiver will be closed in the station called at q, tand and starting at a will
pass through the spring 4 and communicate with the receiver to come back to a.i
In the calling station the same circuit al passes by the spring 2 the contact tand-ul,
centers the spring 4 and thence to the receiver, the message may therefore be registered
at departure.
C
100
At the same time that the closure of the circuit is obtained at the receiver..
Another circuit opens either on the right at the station called r, or on the left at
the station calling u.
The wires L L are connected to the manipulator or key.
ران
This current which traverses the line wire to to the right and to the left of the two
interested stations compels the called station to give its true No. and the called
station only to answer.
In the intermediate stations the circuit being closed there is no interruption of the
line.
The message having been sent; to replace the needles at zero, the local circuit is
directed into the wire a¹, and the electro magnet A allows the cylinders D to
revolve until the spring 1 is lifted by the cam 8 which breaks the communication at s
to reestablish it at s¹.
(At this precise instant the lever of the disconnecting gear or stop motion. Fig. 5
arrests the cylinder D at half of the last division but one:)
The current still coming from a passes into the contat s', traverses the electro-
magnet B which permits the cylinder E to revolve until the cam 10, placed opposite
to its former position, breaks the communication with all; but at the same time the
connecting lever is raised by the cylinder E and releases the cylinder D which com-
pletes the half division which it still had to travel over; this cylinder then comes
back to its original position and the spring 1 places itself again in communication
with s to begin again.
f
:
This relay is based upon the phenomena of induction which gives rise to a current
of contrary sense in the inducted or secondary wire at each passage or interruption of
the inducing current.
Figure 1 illustrates the principle of this relay.
Figure 2 is a view in elevation and
Figure 3 a plan.
This relay is intended to move the calls and the receiving apparatuses.
The relay being the only piece receiving the line current, this latter being subject
to considerable variations, it is arranged to work at any intensity.
It is composed of a first electro-magnet A bell type intended to act as break 50
when the current exceeds the limit of intensity, of a second electro-magnet B, of
the Siemens type, composed of induction bobbins, and polarised by a permanent
magnet U; and of a third electro-magnet C not polarised.
When the line current enters at L to issue at L' it traverses:
19. The small electro-magnet A..
་
5

page_text: 2° The inducing circuit of the bobbin B.
Directly a current traverses the inducing wire the secondary wire enveloping
the inducing wire will be traversed by an inducted current, which will go to the
third electro-magnet C.
The line wire is represented at L L¹.
The wire of the inducted or secondary current at J J:
The wire of the local current at K; this works the call and the receiving
apparatuses.
The terminal a is connected with the local pile Z.
The terminals a¹, all to the same terminals of the call and go to the other pole.
A polarised tongue or armature B¹ moves between the poles of the electro-.
magnet U; at the end of this tongue is an insulated plate 1; two wires start
from this tongue, one from the insulated piece, the other from the tongue itself,
join the terminals a¹, a¹¹, and go to the call."
Upon the cores of the electro-magnets B are two insulated blocks d having contact
screws or terminals.
These two contact blocks correspond to the two contact blocks d¹ of the electro-
magnets C.
The tongue B' moves between the contact-blocks d and rests on one or other of
the contact screws according to the sense of the current which traverses the
inductor wire.
Directly the current traverses the inductor wire, the inducted or secondary wire
sends in its turn into the electro-magnet C, a current the result of which is to
actuate the tongue (which rests upon one of the screws of the blocks d³,
completing the local circuit either at a¹ or at a", according to the sense of the
current which has traversed the inductor B.
If now the passage of the line current is stopped, an induced current of contrary
sense will arise and passing by the electro-magnet (will bring back the tongue (1
to its original position, breaking the local circuit.
If now a current of contrary sense is sent on the line, the tongue being at
its last position remains immovable; on the contrary the tongue B' will move on to
the opposite screw and thus complete the local circuit on the other terminal; the
circuit will thus remain closed until another interruption shifts the position of the
tongue C, breaking the circuit again.

page_text: to one or other of the contacts, and opens and closes circuits having for object to
cause the passage into the line wire of a new current of desired sense.
Certain contacts are double in order to insure good communication;-thus the
points + and
are repeated twice; the springs m¹ and n¹ rest upon two contacts of
the same sense, the wires of these contacts pass in the central piece G and are con-
nected beneath the mahogany support H.
All the springs are fixed upon one piece, they thus have a common movement which
dispenses with all regulating.
The apparatus may be set working by a polarised relay or by the line current.
Fig. shows the course of the currents.
-
indicate the poles of the pile intended to provide the fresh
--
with n¹.
The points and
line current according to the sense of that received.
The two points move together and permit communication.
1°. The point with m and at the same time the point
2°. The point + with m¹ and at the same time the point
In the first case the positive pole of the line pile communicates with the earth
(Fig. 6) and the negative pole with n' and m¹.
In the second case, the reverse takes place (Fig. 5).
with n.
A and B are the polarised relays, shown back to back Fig. 2, the first acts for the
current coming from X-the second for that coming from Y.
It will have been observed in the description of the call, that the wires L L are
connected with the manipulator, and that the line current is cut by the spring 4 at r.
It is therefore evident that if the handle or key M is lowered, the contact will strike
against the anvil or block + and throw a positive current into the relay which it
actuates to go towards Y.
The negative current passes off by the handle or key N to the ground.
The passage of a negative current is performed with the key N; this in
lowering touches the block or anvil on the left which gives passage to the positive
current it is then the negative current which rushes into the key M and traverses
the relay.
The passage of a communication on the side X is performed in the same way,
but two new keys N and M are required which are not shown in order not to confuse';
their function is identical.
In the intermediate stations passed, the spring 4 of the call is completely closed
on the points
u and, thus leaving the passage free; and if inadvertently an
Employé attempted to send a current, this would make a short circuit in passing
directly by the wires L. L'and the spring 4.
a, a, a are contacts moved by the relay A as well as the points + and
b, 6, 6, are contacts moved by the the relay B as well as the points + and
At rest, as at Fig. 4.
The circuit is open at a-closed at a¹, a¹¹.
The circuit is open at b-closed at b¹, b¹¹.
While A is being worked, the current coming from X-it closes the circuit a and
on the contrary opens a¹ and all-and the Fig. 5 or 6 is obtained, according to the
sense of the current which has traversed A.
In both cases the current coming from X passes through A and goes to the
ground; while the point + (Fig. 5) or the point (Fig. 6) communicates with Y.
Before this latter current +, or -, in going towards Y passes through B, it under-
goes a deviation by the shunt a, which has been closed since the movement of the
contacts; B is certainly traversed by a small part of the current, but this may be so
reduced as to be incapable of actuating B, by proportioning the section of the
deviation to the resistance offered by B.
If now this demonstration be applied to the side X of the line current coming
from Y, the same effects are produced.
I have shown Figure 7 the most simple arrangement of the manipulators or keys in
a station which has just been called,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said. Inven-
tion (as communicated to ine from abroad) and in what manner the same is to be
performed I declare that what I claim is :-
11
1. An apparatus termed the general call, placed at each Station, having a dial for
the called Station and a dial for the Station calling-substantially as described.
2. The arrangement of the electro-magnets A and B, one of them giving motion
under the action of a negative current to the ivory or ebonite cylinder D, the other
actuated by a positive current to the cylinder E, substantially as described.
3. Metallic pieces arranged on the ivory or ebonite cylinders, and establishing
communications with the receiver of the dispatch according to the place which it
occupies on the cylinder, a particular place for each Station, substantially as
described.
4. A Relay regulator of intensity working by induction to actuate the tongues or
armatures under the influence of the induced current, which changes the sign or sense
after each passage or emission of the line current so as always to bring back the
second tongue upon an opposite pole to that of the last current which has traversed
the line, in order to break the circuit of the local pile, substantially as described.
5. A Translator or relay with double current, characterised by the automatic action
of each of the Electro-magnets A and B according to the sign or sense of the current
which traverses the relay, substantially as described.
6. The arrangements of the springs intended to open and close the communications
upon a single wheel oscillating either to the right, or to the left, according to the sign
or sense of the current and thus causing correspondence of the same pole of the
local pile to re-dispatch on the line a current of similar sign, substantially as
described.