Improvements in Sectional Steam-boilers.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 13th Dec., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by NATHANIEL W. PRATT and the BADCOCK & WILCOX
COMPANY, of New York, in the United States of America, Steam Boiler
Manufacturers.]
Improvements in Sectional Steam-boilers.
J, WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, C.E. of 62 Saint Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow,
Registered Patent Agent and Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
1s communicated to me to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
-
The herein described water tube boiler is especially adapted for marine service.
The construction of the same embodies a supporting structure composed as far as
possible of the pipes forming the water spaces of the boiler; such as the vertical down
flow pipes, the horizontal distributing pipes, or the transverse pipes connecting the
steam and water drums and the headers; also an improved arrangement of the water
tubes whereby the water is circulated repeatedly through the current of hot gases
through successive groups of tubes between which there are intervals or combustion
spaces; also an improved arrangement of the upper groups of water tubes in sub
groups whereby the heating surface is increased; as well as other details of improve-
ment such as will be hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.
Referring to the drawings:
Figure 1 is a front elevation partly in section on the line a-, Figure 2; and
Figure 2, a side elevation partly in section on the line y, y, Figuro 1, the fire brick
filling between the vertical tubes being omitted.
The drawings represent a double boiler, each having two independent grate
surfaces 7. The steam drums that are side by side have communication established
between them through the transverse water pipes 2 and 3, forming girders for the
structure, and through the common steam drums 4. There is no circulating com-
munication between the generators lying end to end but the smoke flue 5, conducting
to the funnel 6 is common to all the furnaces, and the furnaces that are side by
side communicate above the wall 40.
8, 8 are the vertical down flow pipes forming pillars for and communicating with
the tubular girders 2 and 3 and 9, the longitudinal distributors to which the down
flow pipes also communicate and rest upon.
The distributors 9, lie upon the framing 10, composed of channel beams which
form the foundation of the structure.
The headers 11, are suspended from the tubular girders 3, with which they
communicate by nipples 12.
The headers 13, are supported by the transverse distributing pipes 14, extending
between and communicating with the distributors 9 and with which transverse pipes
the said headers 13 communicate by the uptake tubes 15. The headers 16 and 17
are connected together by nipples 18, and are supported by the transverse tubular
beam 19, secured to the columns 8, and which serves as a water space but not essentially
as a circulating medium. The headers 17, are nippled to the pipe 19, supplying water
thereto and the pipe also communicates with the water space in the columns 8, through
boles 20.
The headers are serpentine in form connecting the water tubes 25, in single vertical
series in staggered succession, or connecting the water tubes 26, in single vertical
series of sub-groups or clusters, in a similar staggered relation.
30, are connecting boxes forming saddles on the sides of the drums 1, 1, contributing
to support them by means of the vertical water tubes 31, which are expanded into said
connecting boxes and also expanded into the distributors 9. These vertical tubes form

page_text: the framework of the side walls of the furnaces being filled in with fire brick sections
or blocks 32, between them, and they act as generating tubes promoting circulation.
The side walls thus formed incline toward the top to increase the grate surface
allowing for the thickness of the. fire brick 50. The connecting boxes 30. com-
municate with the interior of the drum 1, only through the openings 35, near 5
the rear ends of said 'drum's so as to deliver .the: steam and water near the delivering..
point from the tubes 26, and thereby co-operate as to the direction of circulation
indicated by the arrow, Figure 2.
The water tubes 25, being exposed to-greatest heat are of heavier quality and large
diameter to withstand the same; the tubes 26, exposed to less intensity being 1
constructed of lighter material smaller diameter, and greater plurality, in order to
increase their heating,surface. The dividing wall 40, separates the fuel spaces, but
after passing above the same the hot gases mingle in the common combustion
spaces 41, 42, passing thence a second time through the group of tubes 26, into the
space 43, separated by the wall 44, thence to the flue 5, surmounted by a hood 45 1
(Figure 1) between the adjacent ends of the drums 1.
In operation, the circulation is passed upward from the transverse distributors 14,
through the uptake tubes 15, and generating tubes 25, first, the same body of water....
thence circulating a second time under exposure to the hot gases through the tubes 26,.
where the heating surface is furthermore increased. The opposite inclinations of the 2
successive groups of tubes promotes the reverse circulation, the steam and water being...
finally delivered through the transverse pipe 3 to the drums 1.
The circulation also occurring upward from the pipes 9, through the wall tubes 31;!
and discharging through the openings 35, at the water level in the drums, the currents.
are thrown forward in a common direction into the cross pipe 2, thence downward.
through the downtake pipes 8, chiefly at the fronts of the boilers. It is to be noted
that the tube groups may be employed in any number in vertical succession other than
that shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed (as communicated to me) 3
I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a sectional steam boiler, the combination of transverse connecting pipes.
supporting the steam and water drum or drums, vertical down flow pipes forming..
pillars for the transverse connecting pipes, longitudinal distributors, connecting with.
and forming the base of the pillars, and vertical upflow tubes communicating therefrom 3
with the sides of the steam and water drum or drums and forming the walls of the
furnace,
2. In a sectional steam boiler, the combination with the steam and water drum or..
drums, the down-flow pipes, and longitudinal distributors, of a transverse distributor
connecting between the longitudinal distributors and the generating tubes arranged.14
in groups oppositely inclined and connected at alternate ends in vertical succession,
with.combustion spaces between them, having headers that connect the uppermost;
and lowermost extremities of said groups with the steam and water drum or drums
and with the transverso distributor respectively.
3. In a sectional steam boiler, the herein described arrangement of generating tubes 4
in groups oppositely inclined and connected at alternate ends in vertical succession,,
having combustion spaces between them the headers at the upper end of one group.
connecting with the adjacent headers at the lower end of the succeeding group!.
above.
4. In a sectional steam boiler, the combination of the furnace, the groups of 15
inclined generating tubes in vertical succession having combustion spaces between
them; the group or groups adjacent the furnace being composed of tubes of com-..
paratively large diameter focated at uniform distances apart; the succeeding group..
or groups being composed of tubes of comparatively small diameter arranged in sub
groups or clusters the intervening spaces of which are greater. than the intervening 5
spaces between the constituents of the clusters..

page_text: 5. In a sectional steam boiler the combination of the steam and water drum or drums,
the down-flow pipes, the horizontal distributors, the inclined generating tubes con-
necting with the distributors and the drums and the vertical up-flow pipes likewise
connecting, forming the sido walls of the furnace and converging from the lower
portion toward the upper portion of the structure.
6. The combination with the steam and water drum or drums, of the generating
tubes connecting with one end thereof, the longitudinal water boxes fastened to the
sides of the drum and upflow tubes connecting therewith, and openings through the
shell of the drum into the water boxes adjacent the openings of the generating tubes,
for the purposes described.
7. In combination with the furnace of a water tube boiler, a group of inclined
generating tubes above the furnace receiving a single exposure to hot gases, a second
inclined group above the first group having a transverse flame plate, and a draft
exit beneath one end of said second group whereby the latter receives two successive
exposures to the said hot gases.
8. In a sectional steam boiler the combination with the furnace of generating tubes
in groups oppositely inclined in vertical succession; the ends of said groups being
alternately connected; and a flame plate transverse to the tubes whereby an upward
draft is directed across one end thereof and a downward draft directed across the other
end; the same body of water being subjected to repeated circulation and repeated
exposure to the hot gases.
9. In a sectional steam boiler, the combination with the furnace, of an inclined
group of generating tubes above the same exposed to the fire throughout their length
an oppositely inclined group connected as described, an intervening combustion space
a bridge wall and flame plate dividing the said space and second group transversely,
a combustion space above the second group, and a draft outlet between the groups on
the side of the bridge wall opposite the said intervening combustion space.
Dated this Third day of November 1890
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.