IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC CASES OR SHELLS FOR THE RECEPTION OF SPIRAL SPRINGS AND ELASTIC SUBSTANCES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James William Evans, of No. 38, Norfolk Street,
Strand, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
METALLIC CASES OR SHELLS FOR THE RECEPTION OF SPIRAL SPRINGS AND
ELASTIC SUBSTANCES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS AND OTHER
VEHICLES."
Sealed the 20th July 1866, and dated the 24th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James William Evans
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition. on
the 24th January 1866.
I, JAMES WILLIAM EVANS, of No. 38, Norfolk Street, Strand, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF METALLIC CASES OR SHELLS FOR THE RECEPTION OF SPIRAL SPRINGS
AND ELASTIC SUBSTANCES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS AND OTHER
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the construction of metallic
cases or shells to receive spiral springs and elastic substances for railway
carriages, waggons, and other vehicles, to be used for bearing and journal
springs, draw and buffer springs. The outer part or case is made of a
series of half cylinders with moveable interior pieces, with corresponding

page_text: half cylinders, constituting together a cylinder or cylinders, to prevent the
spirals and elastic substances from deviating from a straight line, and to
reduce the length of the spring without the reduction of motion. Also to
place a "case" of cylinders containing the spirals or elastic substances on
each side of the journal boxes, being united by a metallic bridge or yoke.
Upon the side of each "case" or shell facing the journal box a recess is
made to receive and retain hard india-rubber or other elastic substance,
constituting the clip or sides of the seat of said spring, and which bears
upon the journal boxes, and thereby to obviate and prevent injury to said
case of springs from shunting or other sudden concussion to the carriages
or other vehicles and also to cause easy curving. In the parts in which
the ends of the spirals rest recesses are made the depth of the thickness
of the metal used and formed to fit the unground ends of the spirals.
These improvements relate to the employment for the purposes herein
mentioned of "spiral springs" filled with wool or other fibrous material,
as patented by Perry Green Gardiner, December 1st, 1863, and numbered
"3007."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James William Evans in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WILLIAM EVANS, of 38, Norfolk Street, Strand, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James William Evans, Her special licence that I,
the said James William Evans, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said James William Evans, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term, therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,.and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the.Channel. Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
METALLIC CASES OR SHELLS FOR THE RECEPTION OF SPIRAL SPRINGS AND ELASTIC
SUBSTANCES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS AND OTHER VEHICLES," upon
'

page_text: or
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James William Evans, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James William Evans, do hereby.
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by.
the following statement :-
The nature of my Invention consists in the construction of metallic cases
or shells to receive spiral springs and elastic substances for railway carriages,
waggons, and other vehicles, to be used for bearing and journal springs,
draw and buffer springs, and these improvements relate to the application
and employment for the purposes herein mentioned of "spiral springs"
filled with wool and other fibrous materials, as patented by Perry Green.
Gardener, December 1st, 1863, and numbered 3007. The outer part or
case is made of series of half cylinders with moveable interior pieces,
pistons, or followers, formed with corresponding half cylinders, constituting
together a cylinder or cylinders, to receive and thus prevent the spiral
springs packed with elastic substances from deviating from a straight line,
and to reduce the length of the spring without the reduction of motion.
My improvements also relate to placing or mounting the cases, cylinders, or
chambers (containing the spiral springs 'packed with elastic substances) on
each side of the journal boxes, the parts being connected by a metallic
bridge or yoke. Upon the side of each case or shell facing the journal
box a recess is made to receive and retain hard india-rubber or other elastic
substance, constituting the clip or sides of the seat of said spring cases,
and which bear upon the journal boxes, and thereby to obviate and prevent
injury to said cases containing the springs from the effects of shunting or
other sudden concussion to the the carriages or other vehicles, and also to
cause easy "curving" of the carriages furnished with springs of the above
description. In the parts in which the ends of the spiral springs rest
recesses are made the depth of the thickness or diameter of the metal
spirals used and formed to fit the unground ends of the spirals.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into practice I will proceed to describe the Drawings herc-
unto annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a plan, Figure 2 an end view, and Figure 3 part of a
side view of a case or shell arranged and constructed according to my
Invention for carrying spiral springs packed with elastic materials and
mounted on the frame of a railway carriage so as to act as a centre buffer
spring. a, a, is the case or shell formed in two parts bolted together as
shown. The interior of the case or shell a is formed with four longitudinal
semicircular grooves or channels, which serve to guide and retain the helical
springs c, c, in position, there being two of such springs c in each semi-
circular. b, b, are pistons or followers keyed or otherwise fixed on the ends
of the buffer rods, the pistons or followers b, b, acting to compress
the springs c, c, within the case or shell a. b' is a moveable piece acting
as a central piston or follower to retain the inner ends of the eight
springs c, c, in position, and to transmit the pressure exerted upon one set
of springs c to the opposite set in either direction. The pistons or followers
b, b, and b' (separate views of which are shown at Figures 4 and 5) are
formed with semicircular grooves or channels 6*, which partly surround the
inner circumference of the ends of the springs c when placed in position
within the case or shell a, the semicircular grooves in the followers in
combination with the semicircular grooves in the case thus forming cylin-
drical chambers to retain the springs c in correct position when acted upon.
The parts of the piston or followers against which the ends of the springs
rest are formed with inclined or volute-shaped recesses, the ends of which
form stops for the unground ends of the spirals to come against, and thus
prevent any rotary movement of the springs. Figure 6 shows a plan in
section of a case or shell for an end buffer spring of a railway carriage
arranged and constructed according to my Invention, and Figure 7 in an
end view, the end or cover being removed. The shell or case a in this
arrangement is formed with six longitudinal semicircular grooves or hollows,
the central moveable piece, piston, or follower 6' being formed with corre-
sponding grooves or hollows to receive and act upon three springs on
each side arranged alternately in opposite directions. When the triangular-
shaped piston or follower b fixed on the buffer rod presses upon the three
front springs the pressure is transmitted to the three back springs by the
action of the central piston or follower b¹ thereon, by which arrangement a
very powerful end buffer spring is obtained in a comparatively small. space.
Figure 8 shows a side view, and Figure 9 a plan, of a pair or set of cases or
shells constructed according to my Invention for carrying spiral or helical

page_text: bearing springs packed with elastic materials suitable for a railway carriage
or locomotive, such cases or shells being mounted and arranged on each
side of the journal boxes. The two cases or shells a, a, formed with semi-
circular grooves for the reception of the packed springs and followers as
previously described, and placed on each side of the journal box of a
railway or other carriage, are connected by the metallic bridge or yoke a',
a traverse recess being formed on each side, in which blocks a of hard
india-rubber or other elastic material are introduced, thus forming elastic
cushions to the sides of the seat of the spring case a, a, in order to avoid
injury thereto from any irregularity in the movements of the carriage. In
each arrangement the parts or ends of the cases a and followers b against
which the ends of the spirals rest are suitably formed to receive the
unground ends of the spirals. The cases or shells a, a, constructed accord-
ing to my Invention may be employed for containing packed spiral springs
for the springs of waggons and other vehicles.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is carried into practice, I would have it understood that I
do not confine myself to the exact details herein described; but what I
claim is the, arrangement and construction of cases or shells as herein
described for the reception of spiral springs packed with wool or other fibrous
or elastic materials for railway carriages, waggons, and other vehicles.
In witness whereof, I, the said James William Evans, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
JAMES W. EVANS. (L.S.)
34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, W.C.