IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH LOADING SMALL ARMS to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: I HENRY TOLLEY of Nos. 65 and 66 Weaman Street Birmingham in the County
of Warwick Gun Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH LOADING SMALL ARMS to be as follows:-
"
My invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner hereinafter
described the parts of breech loading small arms whereby the main spring in
addition to its ordinary function of forcing down the hammer to discharge the gun
is utilised in its relaxed state to raise the hammer to full cock.
I will describe my improvements as applied to a single barrel breech loading gun
but my said improvements are equally applicable to double barrel guns.
I place the short or stand side of the mainspring uppermost and on the other or
longer arm or side of the main spring I make a curve near the doubled part of the
spring for the purpose herein after described. The said main spring occupies such
a position in the body of the gun that while the end of its longer arm is jointed to
the swivel of the hammer the short or stand side in part occupies a recess in the
upper face of the body and in part projects beyond the knuckle or joint end of the
body the curved part of the longer arın taking a bearing on a curved part of
the knuckle concentric with the pin on which the barrel turns.
When the breech end of the barrel is raised the stand side of the spring does not
wholly occupy the recess described its end being raised therefrom the said stand
side making a small angle with the face of the body. In this position of the stand
side of the spring the spring is not in a state of tension but when the breech end of
the barrel is shut down it depresses the stand side of the spring into its recess the
compression of the spring producing the required tension in it for discharging
the gun.
After the gun has been discharged and the breech end of the barrel unlocked the
breech end of the barrel is raised through a small angle by the end of the stand
side of the main spring and the said spring is thereby relaxed by now continuing
the rising motion of the breech end of the barrel the doubled part of the spring is
depressed (the spring turning on the curved bearing described) and the long arm
of the spring rises and lifts the hammer past the full cock position in which
position it is retained by the ordinary sear and bent. When the barrel is charged

page_text: and its breech end shut down the stand side of the main spring is pressed by the
breech end of the barrel into its recess and the main spring is put into a state of
tension ready for firing the gun.
Thus the lifting of the breech end of the barrel first permits the main spring to
relax and afterwards turns it about a centre so as to raise the end of its long arm
and lift the hammer to full cock while the shutting down of the breech end of the
barrel by depressing the stand side brings the main spring into a state of tension
ready for discharging the gun.
In applying my invention to double barrel guns the parts described are
duplicated.
Dated this twelfth day of Inly 1884

page_text: I HENRY TOLLEY of Nos. 65 and 66 Weaman Street, Birmingham in the County
of Warwick, Gun Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH LOADING SMALL ARMS” and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:--
-
My invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner hereinafter
described the parts of breech loading small arms, whereby the main spring in
addition to its ordinary function of forcing down the hammer to discharge the gun
is utilised in its relaxed state to raise the hammer to full cock.
I will describe my improvements as applied to a single barrel breech loading gun
but my said improvements are equally applicable to double barrel guns.
I place the short or stand side of the mainspring uppermost and on the other or
longer arm or side of the mainspring I make a curve near the doubled part of the
spring for the purpose herein after described. The said main spring occupies such
a position in the body of the gun that while the end of its longer arm is jointed to
the swivel of the hammer the short or stand side in part occupies a recess in the
upper face of the body and in part projects beyond the knuckle or joint end of the
body, the curved part of the longer arm taking a bearing on a curved part of the
knuckle concentric with the pin on which the barrel turns.
When the breecb end of the barrel is raised the stand side of the spring does not
wholly occupy the recess described, its end being raised therefrom, the said stand
side making a small angle with the face of the body. In this position of the stand
side of the spring, the spring is not in a state of tension but when the breech end
of the barrel is shut down it depresses the stand side of the spring into its recess,
the compression of the spring producing the required tension in it for discharging
the gun.
After the gun has been discharged and the breech end of the barrel unlocked,
the breech end of the barrel is raised through a small angle by the end of the stand
side of the main spring and the said spring is thereby relaxed; by now continuing
the rising motion of the breech end of the barrel the doubled part of the spring is
depressed (the spring turning on the curved bearing described) and the long arm
of the spring rises and lifts the hammer past the full cock position in which position
it is retained by the ordinary sear and bent. When the barrel is charged and its
breech end shut down the stand side of the mainspring is pressed by the breech
end of the barrel into its recess and the main spring is put into a state of tension
ready for firing the gun.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawing represent in longitudinal vertical
section, partly in elevation, the breech end of a double barrel drop down gun
containing lock and cocking mechanism constructed according to my invention,
Figure 1 representing the barrels shut down and the hammers in their discharged
positions and Figure 2 the barrels raised from the break off and the hammers
cocked, the main springs being in a relaxed state.
Figure 3 represents a plan of underside of the body of the gun; Figure 4
represents a plan of the upperside of the body and Figure 5 an end elevation of the
same; Figure 6 represents one of the main springs detached; Figure 7 represents
one of the hammers detached and Figure 8 represents one of the sears detached.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawing.

page_text: a, a are the barrels turning on the joint pin b as usual; c is the body of the gun
and d the hammers; e is the short or stand side of the main spring which said
stand side is situated uppermost and e' is the other or longer side of the mainspring
jointed to the swivel of the hammer d in the ordinary way; f, f are the recesses in
the upper face of the body cinto which recesses the stand sides e of the main
springs pass when the barrels are shut down as illustrated in Figure 1. The
doubled part of each main spring projects beyond the knuckle or joint end of
the body c and has a bearing upon the barrel forward of the joint pin b. The
longer side of each main spring is curved at e* near its junction with the
doubled part e the said longer sides e² of the springs passing through openings c², ca.
at the end of the body c (see Figure 5). The curved or knuckle end of the body c
is provided with recesses at h opening into the recesses f, f. The recesses hare
concentric with the joint pin b and in the said recesses the curved parts et, e* of the
main springs are fitted and take a bearing.
The "fore end" not represented in the Drawing for holding the barrel to the
body when the gun is open, is of the ordinary construction excepting that it is
furnished with recesses to pass over the projecting parts of the main springs when
the fore end is fitted in its place on the knuckle end of the body.
"By an examination of Figure 2 it will be seen that when the breech end of the.
barrel a is raised the stand side e of the main spring does not wholly occupy
the recess in the body c, the end of the said stand side making a small angle
with the face of the body c. In this position of the stand side e of the spring the
said spring is inoperative, that is, it is in a relaxed state, the swivel end of the long
arm or side e² being raised into the position represented in Figure 2 by fully opening
the barrel. On shutting down the barrel it depresses the stand side e of the main
spring into its recess f as illustrated in Figure 1 thereby compressing or cramping
the spring and producing the required tension in it for discharging the gun,
The action of the parts is as follows:-
In order to cock the gun after it has been discharged as illustrated in Figure 1
the barrels are unlocked in the ordinary way. As soon as the barrels are unlocked
they are raised through a small angle by the rising of the stand sides e of the
springs thereby relaxing or uncramping the said springs. As the breech ends of
the barrels are further raised the doubled parts e³, which have a bearing forward
of the joint pin b, are depressed the curved parts e of the springs moving in
the curved recesses or bearings h h in the knuckle end of the body and raising
the long arms or sides e² of the said springs. The hammers d are thereby lifted
or thrown back by the said long arms es into their fully cocked positions and
retained in those positions by the sears i engaging with the bents in the said
hammers, the several parts now occupying the respective positions represented
in Figure 2. On shutting down the breech ends of the barrels a the stand
sides e of the main springs are pressed into their recesses f in the body c and
the main springs are again cramped or put into a state of tension ready for
discharging the hammers, the main springs now occupying nearly the positions
represented in Figure 1.
Thus, it will be understood that the lifting of the breech ends of the barrels
first permits of the main springs to relax and afterwards turns them about the
centres at h so as to raise the ends of their long arms e* and lift the hammers d
to full cock, while the shutting down of the breech ends of the barrels by
depressing the stand sides e brings the main springs into a state of tension ready
for discharging the gun.
My improvements are applicable to single and double drop down guns and pistola
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is of Improvements in drop down small arms:-
First Constructing the longer arm or side of the main spring of the lock
mechanism of the said small arms with the curved part et near the doubled part e

page_text: of the said spring and seating the said curved part e of the main spring in a
curved bearing or recess h at the knuckle end of the body in which bearing or
recess it is capable of moving, the doubled part e³ of the spring having a bearing
upon the barrel forward of the joint pin b for the purposes and substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly-Arranging the short or stand side e of the main spring so that part
of it occupies a recess f in the upper face of the body and part projects beyond
the knuckle or joint end of the body the doubled part having a bearing upon the
barrel forward of the joint pin b, thereby permitting on the first lifting of the
breech end of the barrel the rising of the said stand side and the relaxing of
the tension of the main spring, the further lifting of the breech end of the barrel
to open the breech causing the main spring to move or turn in the curved
recess h so as to raise the long arm of the said spring and lift the hammer to full
cock substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing.
Thirdly Arranging the stand side e of the main spring in the position with
respect to the body and barrel represented in the drawing, so that the descent of
the breech end of the barrel shall cause the depression of the said stand side and
the cramping or compression of the main spring ready for discharging the small
arm substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Dated this Sixth day of November 1884