Improvements in Linotype Machines and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th June, 1898-Accepted, 3rd Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Linotype Machines and the like.
A communication from abroad by THADDEUS CAHILL, of New York City, State
of New York, United States of America, Counsellor at Law.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER SLOAN, of the Firm of Sloan & Lloyd Barnes, of Castle
Chambers, 26, Castle Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates to linotype machines and other similar instruments.
The object of my invention is to increase the amount of work which an
operator can do on such a machine in a given time. And this I do
(a) By enabling the operator to select the matrices or type-plates two at a
time, instead of one at a time, as heretofore.
(b) By arranging things in such a manner that the space at the end of a word
containing an odd number of letters is made automatically. And,
(c) By arranging things in such a manner that the operator is enabled to make
the space at the end of a word containing an even number of letters, by depressing
the space-key simultaneously with the keys that make the last two letters of
such word.
And my invention consists in the improvements and combinations described
hereinafter and specifically pointed out in the statement of claim at the end
hereof.
For convenience of explanation, I shall illustrate my invention as applied to a
linotype machine of the general type invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler (and
which I shall sometimes term hereinafter Mergenthaler linotype machine, or
Mergenthaler linotype, or Mergenthaler machine,) which machine is universally
known in the art and is described in the Specifications of various Letters Patent
and particularly in the Specification of Letters Patent to Thompson, No. 14,582,
dated September 16, 1890, to which reference is hereby had and made. And also
I would refer to the Specifications of the earlier Letters Patent, No. 5823, of
1885, to Boult, (a communication from Ottmar Mergenthaler,) describing, as I
understand it, the earliest form of circulation linotype machines; No. 8457, of
1885, to Boult, (a communication from said Mergenthaler,) describing the
justifying wedge or space-bar, now commonly used in the art: Nos. 9115 and
10,525, of 1886, to Boult, (communications from said Mergenthaler,) the latter
of which illustrates and describes, among other improvements, the V-shaped
listributing rail, with its mutilated longitudinal ribs, and the toothed matrices
ach travelling upon said ribs until it reaches its own appointed place for falling
off to enter its magazine tube; and No. 5582 of 1890 to Leigh, (also a com-
munication from said Mergenthaler.) But while referring to the above patents,
each of which illustrates and describes clearly in detail one or more important
C

page_text: features of the linotype machine, and which, taken together, illustrate its
development, it is the developed machine as set forth in the Specifications and
drawings of the Letters Patent aforesaid No. 14,582 of 1890, to which I shall
illustrate my invention as applied. But while illustrating my invention as
applied to a Mergenthaler linotype machine of the kind described in the Specifi-
cation and drawings of the Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582 of 1890, I do
not, I wish it to be very distinctly understood, at all limit or restrict myself to
applying my invention to the Mergenthaler machine only; for I consider that
my invention, or, at all events, important portions of it, may be applied to
machines other than those invented by Mergenthaler.
In illustrating my invention as applied to a Mergenthaler linotype machine,
I shall assume that the reader of this specification, in common with other persons
skilled in the art, is familiar with the construction and mode of operation of such
machines; and I shall describe only so much of the Mergenthaler machine as is
necessary to show clearly the manner of applying my invention thereto.
In the accompanying drawings--
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a linotype machine to which my invention is
applied, some portions of the mechanism being broken away or omitted from the
drawings.
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic detail view, with the keys in plan, illustrating the
electrical connections--the system of circuits.
Figure 3 is a detail view in plan and partly in section, illustrating the con-
struction of the permutational selecting devices used to connect the keys with the
matrix-controlling escapements, whereby a few keys, acting singly and in
different combinations, are made to control a large number of said escapements,
each as required.
Figure 4 is a detail view, partly in section, partly in elevation, at a right
angle to the plane of Figure 3, further illustrating one of the permutational
character-selecting devices and the manner of connecting it with the matrix-
controlling escapements.
Figure 5 is a detail view, partly in section, partly in elevation, illustrating
more clearly and on a scale larger than the scale of Figure 1, a portion of the
mechanism shown in said figure.
Figure 6 is a detail view, a sectional elevation, on the line 6, 6, Figure 2,
illustrating certain details of the electrical connections.
Figure 7 is a detail, a sectional elevation, on the line 7, 7, Figure 3, illustrating
certain details of the permutational-selecting mechanism.
Figure 8 is a detail elevation, partly in section, showing the electro-magnets
belonging to my spacing-mechanism, connected to operate the space-bar-delivery
mechanism fully described in the Patent before mentioned, No. 14582, of 1890,
and which specification is by reference made a part hereof, and with which the
reader will be supposed to be familiar; and,
Figure 9 is a detail sectional elevation, at a right angle to the plane of
Figure 3, illustrating a portion of the mechanism for closing the circuit of the
magnet 62, hereinafter described.
The drawings illustrate clearly what is new in my invention and the manner
of connecting that part of the mechanism which is new with me to the old and
well known mechanism of the Mergenthaler linotype machine, described in the
Specification of Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582, of 1890, to Thompson, to
which as aforesaid, reference is hereby had and made. But the drawings do not
illustrate all the well known details of construction of the Mergenthaler linotype
machine, nor attempt to show any more of said machine than is necessary to make
clear the connection between my improvement and the prior structure.
The machine figured in the drawings in illustration of my invention consists
essentially of-
(a) Two sets of matrices, to wit, a quick-acting set and a slow-acting set;
() Releasing devices for each set of matrices;

page_text: (c) Two sets of keys, one set of keys controlling one set of matrices and the
other set of keys controlling the other set of matrices aforesaid;
(d) A permutational selecting device intermediate each set of keys and the
escapement devices of the corresponding set of matrices, whereby a few keys,
acting singly and in different combinations, are made to control a large number
of different kinds of matrices;
(e) Means whereby the connections between one set of keys and the escapement
or other releasing devices controlled thereby are made to be quick-acting, while
the connections between the other set of keys and the releasing devices con-
trolled thereby are made to be slow-acting, (that is, less quick-acting,) so that
when keys of the two sets are depressed simultaneously, the matrices controlled
respectively by them are released in quick succession;
(f) Means whereby the matrices of the two sets released, are simultaneously
arranged into the same line;
(g) The usual mechanism, (not illustrated in detail in the drawings, nor
described herein, being already well known in the art and fully described in the
patents to Mergenthaler above mentioned,) whereby a type-bar, linotype or slug
is produced from the assembled line of matrices, and whereby said slugs are
assembled in column order;
() Distributing mechanism, whereby the matrices of the two sets are returned,
cach to its own place;
(2) Means whereby, at the end of a word containing an odd number of letters,
a space-bar or space-wedge is dropped automatically, to make the requisite space
at the end of such word;
(k) Means whereby the operator is enabled to make the space at the end of a
word containing an even number of letters, by depressing a key, (which, from
the fact that it is used to control the space-bars, justifying wedges or other
space-forming devices, I call the space-key,) simultaneously with the key or keys
which release the matrices corresponding to the last two letters of a word; so
that the space is made at the end of a word containing an even number of letters
without any extra time being required upon the part of the operator; and,
() Means whereby the operator is enabled to prevent the space from being
made automatically at the end of a word containing an odd number of letters,
if he so desires as, for instance, when such word occurs at the end of a line.
Such is the machine figured in the drawings in illustration of my invention.
But the invention itself is set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof.
For, obviously, many variations may be made from the details shown in the
drawings, without varying from the essential principles or combinations of my
invention.
OF THE TWO SETS OF MATRICES.
The matrices y, y, shown in the drawings are of the kind commonly used in
the Mergenthaler linotype machine, and universally understood in the art. Con-
sidered individually, they require no description. The matrices of the quick-
acting or primary-letter set, (that is to say, the set of matrices from which, when
two letters are selected simultaneously by the operator, the matrix corresponding
to the first letter of the pair is taken,) lie normally in the magazine tubes 100 in
proximity to the assembling block 110, while the matrices of the slow-acting or
secondary-letter set, (that is to say, the set of matrices from which, when two
letters are selected simultaneously by the operator, the matrix corresponding to
the second letter of such pair is taken,) lie normally in the magazine tubes 101,
more remote from the assembling block 110, so that, if matrices of the two sets
be released simultaneously, the matrix released belonging to the quick-acting
or primary-letter set will reach a position in advance, in the line of matrices being
assembled, of the matrix of the slow-acting or secondary-letter set simultaneously
released. All this clearly appears in Figures 1 and 5.
The matrices y, y, shown in the drawings are of the kind commonly used in
the Mergenthaler linotype machine, and universally understood in the art. Con-
sidered individually, they require no description. The matrices of the quick-
acting or primary-letter set, (that is to say, the set of matrices from which, when
two letters are selected simultaneously by the operator, the matrix corresponding
to the first letter of the pair is taken,) lie normally in the magazine tubes 100 in
proximity to the assembling block 110, while the matrices of the slow-acting or
secondary-letter set, (that is to say, the set of matrices from which, when two
letters are selected simultaneously by the operator, the matrix corresponding to
the second letter of such pair is taken,) lie normally in the magazine tubes 101,
more remote from the assembling block 110, so that, if matrices of the two sets
be released simultaneously, the matrix released belonging to the quick-acting
or primary-letter set will reach a position in advance, in the line of matrices being
assembled, of the matrix of the slow-acting or secondary-letter set simultaneously
released. All this clearly appears in Figures 1 and 5.

page_text: OF THE RELEASING DEVICES FOR THE MATRICES.
As before said, there are releasing devices or escapements for each set of
matrices. The form of releasing device shown in the drawings, (see Figure 4),
is the escapement described in the Specification of the Letters Patent aforesaid,
to Thompson, No. 14,582, of 1890, and already well known in the art, to wit, a
separate escapement device for each magazine tube, located at the mouth or
lower end of said tube; such escapement device consisting essentially of the
lever R controlling the pawls r¹ and 2; said lever R being held in its normal
position, with the pawl projecting up into the magazine tube and engaging
the shoulder of one of the matrices y, by a spring 3; but when rocked by the
rod Q, moving in the direction of the arrow, said lever R withdraws the pawl l
from the magazine tube, permitting the matrix y with which said pawl was
engaged to escape, and at the same time moving the pawl up into the magazine
tube to engage with the shoulder of the next matrix y; which matrix, when the
lever R and pawls and return to their normal positions, slips down into
contact with the pawl r¹, as said pawl re-enters the magazine tube. I need not
dwell upon the operation of the different parts of the escapement device shown
in Figure 4; since it is already old and well known in the art. I wish it to be
understood, however, that I do not at all limit myself to the exact form of escape-
ment device shown in the drawing, (and which is not of my invention,) since,
obviously, modifications might be made or some other suitable form of matrix-
discharging device be substituted as an equivalent therefor. In the drawings
I show one escapement device only, but all persons skilled in the art will under-
stand that there is a similar escapement device for each of the magazine-tubes;
or, which is the same thing, for each of the different kinds.of matrices y, y.
OF THE TWO SETS OF KEYS.
It has already been said that there is a set of keys controlling each set of
matrices. Any suitable arrangement of the keys might, of course, be used. That
which I prefer is illustrated in the drawings, (Figures 1, 2 and 4.) But as that
arrangement of keys has been adapted to the permutational-selecting devices,
whereby the keys of each set are connected with and enabled to control a much
larger number of matrix-controlling escapement devices, the keys will be most
conveniently described in connection with the permutational-selecting devices.
OF THE PERMUTATIONAL-SELECTING DEVICES.
It has already been said that there is a permutational-selecting device inter-
mediate each set of keys, and the escapement devices of the corresponding set
of matrices. The use of the permutational-selecting mechanism is to enable the
operator with a few keys to control a whole set of matrices. The two permuta-
tional-selecting devices, shown in the drawings, (to wit, the one controlled by
the left-hand keys and serving to control the quick-acting or primary-letter set of
matrices, and the other one, controlled by the right hand keys and serving to
control the slow-acting, or secondary-letter set of matrices,) are similar in general
design, the only difference being that the last mentioned permutational-selecting
device has a larger number of parts controlled by the more numerous keys of
the right-hand set, and controlling the more numerous escapement devices of the
slow-acting or secondary-letter set of matrices. A description, then, of one of
the two permutational-selecting devices is essentially a description of both.
We shall first describe the one controlled by the left-hand keys, and which con-
trols the quick-acting or primary-letter set of matrices. It is similar in its
essentials to that illustrated in Figures 18, 19 and 20 of the Specification of
British Application No. 10644, filed by John Edward Lloyd Barnes on May 10,
1898, (a communication from abroad from Thaddeus Cahill, of the United States
of America,) and except in respect of the fact that a single motor is used to impel
all the group-controlling elements e, e¹, e³, e³, et, e5, e6 and e7 of a set, instead of

page_text: using a separate motor for each, it resembles closely the permutational selecting
mechanism fully described in the Specification of British Application for Letters
Patent No. 4977, filed by Robert Alexander Sloan on March 1, 1898, (a com-
munication from abroad from said Thaddeus Cahill, of the United States of
America.) It consists essentially of (a) a series of character-corresponding or
escapement-controlling levers f, f, one for each different kind of matrix (the
matrices corresponding to the different letters or other characters being con-
sidered and termed different matrices) each of which levers is connected through
a corresponding pull down wire h and lever P (centered at p,) and rod Q, with the
escapement lever R which actuates the pawls r¹ and, by which the matrices y, y,
are released one by one, as required; (b) a plurality of group-controlling
levers, e, e¹, e, e³, es, e³, e6 and e, each of which controls a group of the levers f, f,
and serves when moved to lift the rear ends of said levers f, f, pin-jointed to it
as shown in the drawings; (c) a motor frame E12 having an armature El con-
nected with it, and a magnet E⁰ controlling said armature and motor frame,
whereby movement is given to the different group-controlling elements e¹, e³, e³,
etc. each as required; (d) four fulcrum frames d, d1, d2 and 3, with electro-
magnets D, D1, D2 and D3, whereby said fulcrum frames are locked, each as
required; and (e) keys and mechanical and electrical connections controlled by
said keys, and acting to control the other parts aforesaid.
Each of the levers f, f, has attached to it, mid-way between its point of con-
nection with its pull-down h, and the corresponding group-controlling lever,
(e, e¹, e², e³, etc., as the case may be) a bearing piece or projection f¹, to engage
the corresponding fulcrum frame d, d', d² or d³; and each of the levers f, f,
in a group is adapted by its bearing-piece f¹ to engage a different one of said
fulcrum frames; and the contractile springs h¹, h¹, Figure 4, are made of such
strength that when the levers f, f, of a group are raised at the rear ends by the
movement of the corresponding group-controlling bell cranks, said levers f, f,
swing on their points of connection with the pull-downs h, h, as fulcrums, lifting
all the fulcrum frames lightly, except that one whose magnet (D), D¹, D² or D³)
is energized to lock the frame in its normal position, with its magnet-connected
arm, resting firmly down upon the stop d; but that one of the levers f, f,
of the group acting, whose projection f underlies the fulcrum frame whose
magnet happens to be energized by the passage of the current, swings on said
fulcrum frame as a center, thereby pulling the rod h down and through the
lever P and rod Q, operating the escapement-lever R and pawls r¹, to release
the corresponding matrix y.
The fulcrum frames d, d', & and d³ are centered by means of pointed screws 6,
(adjustable by means of lock-nuts,) set in the side-bars 4, 4, and pins d³, set in
the bar 5. The side-bars 4, 4, are supported by means of columns 3, 3, rising from
the foundation plate 1 of the key-board. The center-bar 5 is supported by
columns or standards 6, 6, rising from said foundation plate. The group-con-
trolling bell cranks e, e¹, c², e³, etc. are fulcrumed by means of hangers elo, elo,
screwed fast to the bar 7. A bar 9 carries guide-pins whereby, lateral displace-
ment of the levers f, f, is prevented. A bar 8, covered on top with felt, serves
to support the horizontal arms of the group-controlling bell cranks e¹, e³, e³, etc.
when in their normal positions. Said bars 7, 8 and 9 are supported by the side-
bars 4, 4.
It remains to describe the means by which the group-controlling bell-
cranks e, e, e³, etc. and the fulcrum frames d, d, d², d³ are controlled. To the
vertical arms of each of the bell-cranks e, e¹, e², e³, es, es, e, and e7 is attached a
tilting-piece E, E¹, E², E³, E, E³, E or E7. The tilting-piece E lies normally
in the path of movement of the motor frame E12, Figures 4 and 7; the other
tilting-pieces E, E², E³, E+, E³, E and E7 lie normally below the path of move-
ment of said frame. The keys C', C², C³, C', C³, 06 and C7 respectively correspond
to and control the tilting-pieces E, E², E³, E, E³, E and E, and thereby the
bell-cranks el, e, e³, e, e³, e and e. Each of the tilting-pieces E¹, E³, E³, etc.,

page_text: is connected with the corresponding key by means of a push-piece 32, which is
pin-jointed to its tilting-piece, and overlies the corresponding key, being held
in place by means of a bridle lever 31, supported by a hanger screwed fast to the
rail 15. The tilting piece E is controlled by means of a frame C which overlies
all the keys C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C and C7, back of their centers and is connected
by the links C and adjustable coupling C with the shorter arm of the tilting-
piece E, Figure 4. The whole arrangement, it will be seen, is such that when
any of the keys C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C or C7 is depressed by the operator in front
of its center, it rises back of its center, thus lifting the tilting-piece E, E², E³,
E*, E³, Eº or E' controlled by it into the path of movement of the motor frame E¹³,
so as to connect the corresponding group-controlling bell-crank with said motor
frame, and, at the same time, said key lifts the frame C, thereby withdrawing
the tilting-piece E from its normal position in the path of movement of said
motor frame. In a word, each of the keys of the C-group, as we may term the
keys C¹, C3, C³, 0, 0, 0 and 07, acts, when depressed, both to connect its own
bell-crank with the motor frame E12 and to disconnect from said motor frame the
bell-crank E normally connected therewith. Said key also acts at the same time
upon the circuit-closing frame 18, lifting it up into contact with the spring B¹³,
and closing the circuit of the battery B through the motor magnet E, which
becoming energized, gives movement to the frame E, and to that one of the
bell-cranks e, e¹, e², e³, e¹, e³, e6 or e7 connected with it.
The fulcrum frames d', d, and d³ are controlled respectively by the keys B¹, B³
and B³, which we shall sometimes hereinafter term the B-group keys; the key B¹
acting, when depressed, to send a current through the magnet 11 which serves
to lock the frame d'; the key B, to direct a current through the magnet D³,
controlling the frame d; and the key B³ to direct a current through the magnet D³,
controlling the frame d. The magnet D which serves to lock the frame d, is
controlled by the lever B (Figures 2 and 6) which is in turn controlled by the
B-group keys; the whole arrangement being such that if one of the C-group
keys be depressed, no B-group key being at the same time depressed, the lever B
occupies its normal position, making contact with the spring b, so that the
current flows through the magnet D controlling the frame d; but if any of the
keys B1, B2, or 133 be depressed, such key, at the same time that it closes
the circuit through the magnet corresponding to itself, acts upon the lever B, moving
it away from contact with the spring band breaking the circuit of the magnet D.
We are now in a position to trace the electrical connections intelligently.
The positive pole of the battery B10 is connected by a wire B with the
keys B, B2, B3, and with the space key G; and by the wire B13 with the lever B.
Said lever B normally makes connection with the contact spring b, Figures 2
and 6; the keys B¹, B and B³, when in their normal positions, do not make
connection with the corresponding contact springs 61, 62 and 63; but when de-
pressed, the key B₁ makes connection with the spring 61; the key B2, with the
spring 63; the key B3, with the spring 63; and each of said keys, at the same time
that it establishes its own connection with the corresponding contact-spring b¹, 63
or 63, acts upon the lever B, moving it from its normal position and breaking its
connection with its contact spring b. The contact-springs b, b1, b2 and 6³, are
connected through the magnets D, D¹, D2 and D³ respectively with the wire B¹,
which is connected through the motor-magnet E10, adjustable contact screw B1,
and break-lever B18, (said lever being centered at B15, and held normally by the
contractile spring 13 in contact with the contact screw B, and being made
of ferruginous material, to serve as an armature for the magnet B, by which
it is operated), as a main path, and through the magnet B22 as a parallel path,
with the contact spring B12, from which the current flows, when the circuit-
closing frame 18 is raised by the depressing of any of the keys, to said frame,
and thence to the negative pole of the battery B. The magnet B serves to
automatically break the circuit of the magnet E10, thereby to permit a return of
the various parts controlled by said motor-magnet to their normal positions,

page_text: whether the keys be raised or not, after sufficient time has elapsed for the parts
to act. Said magnet B2, as before said, is in parallel circuit with the motor
magnet E, and it acts when energized, to attract the lever B18, which serves as
an armature for it, moving said armature away from its normal position of con-
tact with the screw B", and rupturing the circuit of the motor magnet E¹º.
The rapidity of action of the break-device jus. described, can be adjusted (a) by
varying with the screw B7 the play of the armature B18, and the distance which
it normally lies from its magnet 1322; (b) by varying the strength of the spring B19
and (c) by adding self-induction to the derived circuit which includes the
magnet B The greater the strength of the spring B, the greater the dis-
tance which the armature B18 lies from its magnet 132, and the greater the self-
induction of the derived circuit of the magnet B22 extra said magnet, the longer
the time after the depressing of the key before the circuit of the motor magnet E¹0
will be broken by the action of the magnet B upon its armature B18; and con-
versely the weaker the spring B1, the nearer the armature 1318 lies to its
magnet B, and the less the self-induction of the derived circuit of said magnet,
the quicker it will break the working circuit containing the motor magnet E
A brass distance-piece is set in the core of the magnet 132, to arrest the armature-
lever B18, and prevent it from sticking to the magnet B, after the circuit of said
magnet has been broken by the releasing of the key and the return of the
frame 18 to its normal position.
An attentive consideration of the drawings and of the description heretofore
given, will make clear the fact that each of the keys C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7
acting by itself alone, will cause that one of the levers f of the group-controlled
by the corresponding bell-crank, (c¹, c², e³, e¹, e³, e or e7, as the case may be,)
whose bearing-piece f¹, lies underneath the frame d, to give movement to the
corresponding escapement device R, and 2; while if the key B1, B2 or B³ be at
the same time depressed, it will be that one of the levers f of the group con-
trolled by the bell-crank (e, e', e², e³, et, e, e6 or e', as the case may be,) acting,
whose bearing-piece f¹, underlies the fulcrum-frame, (d, d³, d, as the case may
be,) corresponding to the B-group key depressed that will receive an effective
movement to actuate the corresponding matrix-controlling escapement device, R,
r, 2. Each of the keys C, C2, C3, C4, C, C and C, therefore, controls a certain
escapement device and matrix when depressed by itself alone; a different escape-
ment device and matrix when depressed simultaneously with the key B'; still
a different escapement device and matrix, when depressed simultaneously with
the key 12, and yet a different escapement device and matrix when depressed
simultaneously with the key B³.
In the drawing, Figure 4, one magazine-tube and escapement device only is
seen; but, as every one familiar with the Mergenthaler linotype machine under-
stands, there is a large number of magazine-tubes in a set, (sometimes as many
as 90,) to wit, one for each different character, containing the matrices of such
character; and each magazine-tube has its own escapement device, controlling
the delivery of the matrices therefrom to the endless band or carrier 111, by which
they are conveyed towards the assembling-block 110.
OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO SETS OF KEYS, THE TWO SELECTING
DEVICES, AND THE MEANS WHEREBY THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE KEYS
OF THE ONE SET AND THE RELEASING DEVICES CONTROLLED THEREBY ARE
MADE TO BE QUICK-ACTING, WHILE THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE KEYS OF
THE OTHER SET AND THE RELEASING DEVICES CONTROLLED THEREBY, ARE MADE
TO BE SLOW-ACTING.
The keys for the right hand, which control the slow-acting or secondary-letter
set of matrices with the permutational selecting mechanism therefor, differ from
the left-hand keys and selecting-mechanism already described, (a) in that the
keys of the right-hand set are more numerous, controlling a larger number of
bell-cranks e, e², e³, etc. and levers f, f, serving for the more numerous matrices

page_text: of the slow-acting or secondary-letter set, which should contain, preferably, a
full set of upper and lower case matrices and a full set of marks and points;
while a set of lower-case matrices, with a few of the more frequently occurring
marks of punctuation, (such as the comma, period, hyphen, apostrophe and semi-
colon,) is sufficient for the quick-acting set; and (b) in that the connections
between the keys of the right-hand set and the escapement devices controlled
thereby are slow-acting, as compared with the connections of the left hand set
and the escapement devices controlled by them. This is effected, in the form
of device illustrated in Figure 2, by arranging things so that the circuit of the
motor-magnet E, serving to actuate the bell-cranks e¹, e, e, etc., the levers f, f
and matrix-controlling escapement devices of the set controlled by the right hand
keys shall not be closed until an instant after the keys have been depressed, while
the circuits controlled by the left-hand keys are closed the instant said keys are
depressed. The mechanism for this purpose is as follows: B30 is a magnet having
one terminal connected with the positive pole of the battery B10, and the other
with the spring B12, so that when the frame 18, (which, it will be remembered,
is connected with the negative pole of the battery), is raised by the depressing
of any of the keys, circuit is closed through the magnet B30. B31 is a ferruginous
lever, serving as the armature of the magnet B30; said lever is centered at B³
and held by a contractile spring B, normally in contact with the stop-screw B.
Said armature lever B, is connected by the wire B with the positive pole of
the battery B10, and serves when attracted by its magnet B to make connection
with the adjustable screw 136, which is connected by the wire B37, with the lever B,
and by the wire B38 with the keys B', B2, B3 and G of the right-hand set.
effect, then, of the whole, is that when keys of the two sets are depressed simul-
taneously, the circuit of the left-hand motor magnet E10 and of one of the left-hand
controlled magnets D, D1, D2, D3 is closed instantly, while the circuit of the right-
hand controlled motor magnet E10 and of one of the right-hand controlled mag-
nets D, D1, D2 and 13 is comparatively slow-acting, not being closed until the
magnet 1330 has drawn the armature lever B31 against the stop-screw B36.
The
Thus, by the fact that the matrices of the quick-acting or primary-letter set
stand in proximity to the line of matrices being assembled on the assembling
block 110, and have their escapements connected with the keys of the left-hand
set by a quick-acting connection, while the matrices of the slow-acting or second-
ary-letter set lie normally more remote from the line of matrices being assembled
and have their escapements connected with the keys of the right-hand set con-
trolling them, by a slow-acting connection, (that is, slow-acting in comparison
with the connections between the keys of the left-hand set and the escapement
devices controlled thereby,) I ensure that when keys of the two sets are depressed
simultaneously, thereby to select two matrices, (one from the primary-letter set
of matrices, and the other from the secondary-letter set of matrices,)
corresponding to consecutive letters of a word, the matrix from the
quick-acting or primary-letter set of matrices shall reach a position in advance,
in the line of matrices being assembled, of the matrix released by the simultaneous
action of the operator from the slow-acting or secondary-letter set of matrices.
OF THE MEANS WHEREBY THE MATRICES, AS RELEASED, ARE ARRANGED INTO A LINE.
The mechanism for this purpose shown in the drawings in illustration of my
invention, is of the kind long well known to the public in the Mergenthaler
machine and fully described in the Letters Patent hereinbefore referred to, No.
14,582, of 1890, and which, being well known, will require no detailed description.
See Figures 1 and 5. 110 is the assembling-block, upon which the matrices are
assembled into line. 111 is the belt upon which the matrices fall, when released
by their escapement devices R, 71, 72, Figure 5, and by which they are conveyed
to the assembling block. 112 and 113 are pulleys upon which said belt runs,
and by which it is driven. 114 is the wheel, cam-shaped, by which the matrices,
when delivered by the belt are shoved into place on the assembling-block. All
this, with the other details of the composing mechanism, is so familiar to persons

page_text: skilled in the art that further description would be out of place. I do not, however,
limit myself to the form of assembling mechanism illustrated in Figure 5, but
reserve the right to use any suitable assembling mechanism whatever.
OF THE CASTING MECHANISM OR OTHER DEVICES FOR FORMING TYPE-BARS, LINO-
TYPES OR SLUGS.
I prefer to use for forming the type-bars, linotypes or slugs, casting mechanism
of the kind commonly used in the Mergenthaler linotype machines, and universally
understood in the art, having a mold wheel O and the pot of molten metal, pump
and other usual devices co-operating to form the linotype or slug; all of which,
being universally understood in the art, I need not further describe. But I do
not at all limit myself to the Mergenthaler mechanism for producing the type-
bars, linotypes or slugs, for, as all persons skilled in the art understand, various
modifications may be made or other devices used instead. Thus, in some machines,
as is well known to persons skilled in the art, it has been proposed, instead of
casting a slug from the matrices or type-plates formed with intaglio characters,
to use type-plates formed with raised or cameo characters from which, after they
have been assembled into line, an impression is taken upon lead or some other
substance pressed against such line, forming a matrix, from which by any suitable
means the type-bar or printing type is afterwards formed. Obviously, my inven-
tion relates to the mode of, and means for assembling the matrices or type-plates
into line, in pairs, instead of singly as heretofore, and to the method of and
means for making the spaces between the words so that the space is made, so
far as the operator is concerned, automatically at the end of a word containing
an odd number of letters, and simultaneously, so far as the operator is concerned,
with the last two letters of a word, containing an even number of letters, (and
not to the mechanism for producing a casting or impression from such line),
and after the matrices or type-plates and the space-bars have been assembled into
line according to my invention, a casting, impression, slug or type-bar (whether
with cameo or intaglio characters,) may be made from such line in any suitable
manner.
OF THE DISTRIBUTING MECHANISM.
Distributing mechanism, such, in principle, as that used in the Mergenthaler
machines may be used in carrying out my invention. This, indeed must be so
obvious, to persons skilled in the art that it is scarcely necessary to state it.
The distributing mechanism invented by Mergenthaler is described, in a some-
what crude form, in the Specification of the Letters Patent before mentioned, No.
5823 of 1885, and in a more developed form in the Specifications of the Letters
Patent aforesaid, Nos. 10,525, of 1886, and 5582 and 14,582, of 1890, particularly
No. 10,525 of 1886 and 14,582 of 1890. My system with two sets of matrices,
involves, of course, a larger number of matrices than are commonly used in a
Mergenthaler machine, but does not involve any change whatever in the principle
of the Mergenthaler distributing mechanism. A larger number of matrices being
used, a larger number of longitudinal ribs or teeth would of course be formed
on the distributing rail, and each matrix would be furnished, in the usual manner,
with teeth engaging longitudinal ribs on the rail, on which it may ride to the
point at which it is desired to drop off from said rail; at which point those ribs
of the distributing rail which the teeth of such matrix engage, would be filed
away to permit it to drop off. But, as the Mergenthaler distributing mechanism
is so well known in the art, and so clearly described in the patents hereinbefore
referred to, it would be out of place to describe it here in detail. Moreover, since
my invention relates as before said to the method of and means for assembling
the matrices or type-plates into line, releasing them in pairs instead of one by
one as heretofore, and to the method of and means for making the spaces between
the words, so that the space is made automatically, at the end of a word containing
an odd number of letters, and is made simultaneously, so far as the operator is
n

page_text: concerned, with the last two letters of a word containing an even number of
letters; and since my invention consists in this, and not in any novel distributing
mechanism, and does not require any change in the principle or essential character-
istics of the distributing mechanism invented by Mergenthaler, as aforesaid, I
shall not burden this specification with any further reference to the subject of
distributing mechanism, other than to say that I do not wish to be understood
as limiting myself to using the distributing mechanism of Mergenthaler alone,
in carrying out my invention, since other forms of linotype machines and other
forms of distributing mechanism have been proposed in the art, some of which
might perhaps be used instead of Mergenthaler's, in carrying out my invention.
OF THE SPACING MECHANISM.
"
It has already been said that the machine illustrated in the drawings contains
means whereby at the end of a word containing an odd number of letters, a space-
bar or space-wedge is dropped automatically to make the requisite space at the
end of such word. A convenient form of mechanism for this purpose is illustrated
in Figures 3, 8 and 9. In Figure 8, 71 is a lever, fulcrumed at 72, (and held by
the contractile spring 73 normally in contact with the stop 73ª,) and serving
through the link 74 to give movement to the lever 15, (the key-lever or finger-
key" described and illustrated as controlling the delivery of the space-bars in the
Specification and drawings of the Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582, of 1890,)
which lever through the link kl, the bell-crank 13 and rod 12, gives movement
to the space-bar-delivery mechanism, described in the Specification and illustrated
in the drawings of the Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582 of 1890. The various
parts shown in Figure 8, from and including the lever 15 up, being not of my
invention but of Mergenthaler's, and being fully described both in respect of
their own construction and also in respect of the manner in which they coact
with the other and well known parts of the Mergenthaler machine, to effect the
delivery of the space-bars or justifying wedges, so that they are assembled into
line, in the Patent above mentioned, to Thompson, No. 14,582, dated September 16,
1890, I need not describe them in detail here. It will be sufficient for my purpose
to make clear the fact that the lever 15 is connected with the space-bar-delivery
mechanism of the Mergenthaler machine, and serves by its movement to cause
the delivery of one of the space-bars or justifying wedges commonly used in
the Mergenthaler linotype machine, and universally understood in the art. The
lever 71 serves to give movement, through the link 74, as before said, to the lever A15,
(which is the "finger-key" controlling the space-bar-delivery in the Letters Patent
aforesaid, No. 14,582, of 1890,) so that it will be understood that movement of
the lever 71 actuates the space-bar-delivery mechanism of the machine, (which
being old and well known in the art, and fully described in the Letters Patent
aforesaid, it would be superfluous to describe here,) and thereby causes the delivery
at the assembling-block, of a space-bar or justifying wedge, which by the usual
and well known devices (see Figures 1 and 5 of the accompanying drawings, and
see also the Specification and Drawings of the Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582,
of 1890,) is thereupon disposed in place in the line of matrices or type-plates
being assembled. Said lever 71 carries three armatures 71º, 71b, and 71° which
serve respectively for the magnets 62, B2 and H, each of which magnets serves,
as required, to give movement to the lever 71 and thus through the link 74 to
the lever 15 and space-bar-delivery mechanism. To make the space at the end
of a word containing an odd number of letters automatically, we have the following
parts The bell-crank e, (Figure 3) of the slow-acting selecting mechanism.
has connected with it a lever f, having its bearing-piece f underlying the frame d
and adapted to coact therewith; said lever f, thus operated by the coacting of
the bell-crank e and the frame d carries a contact screw 63 (Figures 3 and 9),
which is connected through the magnet 62 with one pole of the battery 64, the
other pole of which is connected with a contact spring 65, underlying the con-
tact-screw 63, and normally not in contact therewith. The operator, it will be

page_text: remembered, makes the letters of a word pair by pair until he gets to the last
pair, if the word contain an even number of letters, or to the last letter, if it contain
an odd number of letters, which final letter, in the case of a word containing an
odd number of letters, he makes by itself alone, on the left-hand keys. If, now,
any key or combination of keys of the left-hand set be depressed to make the
final letter of a word, (no key of the right hand set being at the same time
depressed,) the proper lever of the left-hand set will first act to release the
matrix required, corresponding to the final letter of the word, and immediately there-
after the bell-crank e of the right-hand set, (which it will be remembered, is normally
in operative relation to its motor frame E) being impelled by its motor-frame E,
will act upon the lever f, which has its bearing-piece f underlying the normally,
coacting fulcrum frame d, to give movement thereto, pressing the contact screw 63
down into contact with the spring 65, thereby closing the circuit of the battery 64
through the magnet 62, which, attracting its armature 71" will give movement
to the lever 71, Figure 8, and thus to the lever 15 and other well known devices,
whereby the justifying wedges are released, causing one of said justifying wedges
or space-bars to fall into its proper place in the line of matrices being assembled.
Things are arranged in such a manner in the space-bar-delivery mechanism of
a Mergenthaler machine, described in the Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582, of
1890, that depressing the front end of the lever 15 (that end of said lever to which,
in Mergenthaler's machine, the finger-key is attached, and to which, in my
Figure 8, the link 74 is attached,) draws down upon the rod 12 and the delivery-
slide, connected therewith, (all as fully described in the Specification of the
Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582 of 1890;) and it is only when said lever 15
is released, and returns to its normal position, that the delivery-slide 1 is elevated,
and a space-bar or justifying wedge, is discharged. Obviously, however, the
reverse effect might be produced, (so that the rod 2 and delivery-slide 1
connected thereto, would be elevated and a space-bar or justifying wedge dis-
charged, so soon as the magnet 62 or 163 or Ĥ attracts its armature, attached
to the lever 71,) by connecting the link 74 to the lever k5 on the opposite side
of its center, (on the same horizontal level), and arranging matters so that the
rod 2 and delivery-slide would normally lie in their depressed or downward
positions and would be raised by the movement of the armature (71ª, 71º or 71º),
toward its magnet.
Either plan may be used.
Instead of connecting that one of the levers f, f, which is operated by the
co-acting of the bell-crank e and fulcrum frame d, of the slow-acting selecting
mechanism, to operate the wedge-feeding mechanism of a linotype machine, said
lever f might be connected to operate one of the usual escapements R, r, 2 (as
in Figure 4) controlling blank matrices or quads, whereby a space will be made.
This is obvious.
It has already been clearly explained how the operator selects any pair of letters
(or rather the matrices or type-plates corresponding thereto,) simultaneously.
In order to make the interverbal space at the end of a word simultaneously
with the last two letters thereof, and to bring each of the letter-matrices and the
space-wedges in proper order to the assembling block, so that they will stand.
in due order in the assembled line of matrices, the space-key G belonging to the
slow-acting set of keys, should be connected with the wedge-feeding mechanism
of a linotype by a suitable slow-acting device, arranged to act always a due
fraction of a second after the matrix-releasing device of the slow-acting set has
acted. A convenient arrangement for this purpose, is illustrated in Figure 2.
The contact spring g of the right hand or slow-acting set of keys, is connected
with the contact screw B60. Another contact screw B61, (which is carried by the
releasing lever B18, belonging to the slow-acting matrix-selecting mechanism,
and is insulated from said lever,) is connected through the magnet B2, (Figures 2
and 8), with the contact spring B12. Said screw 1361 makes connection, when said
lever B18 is moved from its normal position by the magnet B2, (as said magnet B

page_text: acts to break the circuit of the slow-acting or right-hand-controlled motor-mag-
net E¹) with the contact-screw B360 before mentioned, thus directing the current
through the magnet B, which acts upon its armature 71b, Figure 8, carried by
the lever 71, to operate the lever and space-bar-delivery mechanism of a
Mergenthaler machine, as before mentioned; or said magnet B2 may be connected
in any other suitable way whatever to operate the wedge-feeding or other space-
making devices of a linotype or other similar machine. By this arrangement,
when a key or keys of the left-hand set and a key or keys of the right-hand set and
the space-key G of the right hand set, are simultaneously depressed, to make
the last two letters of a word, and the space at the end thereof, first the quick-acting
letter-selecting mechanism acts to release its matrix, then the slow-acting letter-
selecting mechanism acts a fraction of a second thereafter to release its matrix,
and a fraction of a second after that the space-bar-delivery mechanism, controlled
by the magnet B62 and armature-lever 71, acts to release a justifying wedge or
other space.
The space-key G of the left hand or quick-acting set of keys, is not intended
to act simultaneously with a character-controlling key or keys (to wit, the keys C¹,
Cª, C³, C³, C5, C6 and C, B¹, B2 and B³) and its circuit is closed, when said key G
is depressed, from the battery B10 by the wire B, to said key, thence to the
contact spring g, thence through the wire B25 and magnet H61, controlling the
lever 71, and thereby controlling the space-bar-delivery mechanism of the machine,
back by the wire H³, to the shaft of the metal frame 18, which is connected,
it will be remembered, with the other pole of the battery B¹º.
It has already been pointed out that the lever f, operated by the co-acting of
the bell-crank e and the frame d of the right-hand set might be connected to
an ordinary matrix-controlling escapement device (such, for example, as that
illustrated in Figure 4,) thereby to release a blank matrix or quad, instead of
being connected to operate the wedge-feeding mechanism of the machine. The
same remark applies to the magnet B62. Obviously, that magnet, instead of being
connected to operate the wedge-feeding devices, might be connected to operate
one of the escapement levers R controlling blank matrices or quads. Obviously,
also, it would not be best to connect both the lever f aforesaid and the magnet B
aforesaid to release quads, for that would leave the assembled line of matrices
without the necessary facilities for justification, except as they were supplied by
separate actions of the operator upon the left-hand space-key G or in some other
manner.
Obviously the lever f, operated by the co-acting of the bell-crank e and the
fulcrum frame d of the slow-acting selecting mechanism, might be connected
by a mechanical connection, (as distinguished from an electro-magnetic or power
connection,) to operate the wedge-feeding devices. But the advantage of using
an electro-magnet, as shown in the drawings for the purpose, is that it ensures
a slight retardation, (which may be made, by proper adjustment, great or small,
as required,) in addition to that belonging to the slow-acting releasing devices;
which is apt to be required by reason of the fact that the space-wedges, in the
usual construction, (unlike the slow-acting set of matrices, in the drawings,) lie
nearer the assembling-block than the quick-acting set of matrices do. I do not,
however, consider this a matter of great importance, since Mergenthaler's space-
bar-delivery mechanism is arranged, (as pointed out herein before and in the Speci-
fication of the Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582, of 1890,) in such a manner
that the space-bar does not escape until the lever k¹ is returning to its normal
position.
Suppose a line to end with a word containing an odd number of letters, obviously
a space at the end of such word may be undesirable. To prevent its being auto-
matically made the operator has only to depress with the right hand the spring 65,
Figures 3 and 9, a little below its normal position, so that the lever f, carrying
the screw 63 will strike the stop 66, and thereby said screw 63 be prevented, in

page_text: the abnormal position of the spring 65, from making connection with the contact
spring 65, and closing the circuit of the battery 64 through the magnet B63.
I have illustrated in the accompanying drawings permutational-selecting mech-
anism for operating the escapement devices by which the matrices are released.
By permutational-selecting mechanism I mean mechanism by which, with a few
keys acting singly and in different combinations, a large number of escapement
devices are controlled. And I consider it advisable to use permutational-selecting
mechanism intermediate the keys and the escapement or releasing devices; for
when the operator has two sets of keys to control, in order to select two letters
at the same instant, one letter from each set of keys, it becomes very important to
reduce the number of the keys, so that he can operate them without looking at
them. But--
(a) Instead of using that form of permutational-selecting mechanism illustrated
in the drawings, any other form of permutational selecting mechanism that is
suitable for the purpose might, of course, be used instead. And,
(b) At the expense of greatly increasing the number of the keys which the
operator must manipulate, permutational-selecting mechanism might, of course,
be entirely omitted, and a separate key used for each different character. Thus,
for example: Obviously, if we were to leave such a space between the magazine-
tubes 100, 100 of the quick-acting set, and the magazine tubes 101, 101,
of the slow-acting set, that by reason alone of this difference
in distance from the assembling-block 110 the matrices of the quick-acting set
would always reach the assembling-block a due fraction of a second in advance
of the matrices of the slow-acting set, simultaneously released, then, (con-
sidering that the levers P, P in Figure 4 represent the key-levers of the Mergen-
thaler machine described in the Specification and illustrated in the drawings of
the Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 14,582 of 1890,) the levers P, P aforesaid might
be used as key-levers and furnished with key-pieces on which the operator would
strike to manipulate the keys. But I consider the mechanism shown in the
drawings to be superior to any such modification.
And as I have shown in the drawings, the best form of mechanism in which
I contemplate carrying out my invention, I wish it to be understood, on the one
hand, that many variations may be made from the details of 'the mechanism
figured in the accompanying drawings and hereinbefore described in illustration
of my invention, without departing from the essential principles and combina-
tions of my invention; and, on the other hand, that while I have pointed out
herein some of the many possible variations, I do not at all recommend such
variations, considering the mechanism figured in the drawings to be preferable.
I consider that the essential features or at least some of the essential features
of my invention, herein described, (partly for the sake of easier illustration, and
partly because I consider the Mergenthaler linotype machine to be the best of
all the many machines proposed for setting type, or casting, or otherwise making
up type, type-bars, linotypes or slugs as substitutes for setting up the type by
hand,) as applied to the Mergenthaler linotype machine, described in the Specifica-
tion of the Letters Patent No. 14,582, of 1890, may be applied to other machines
intended for setting type, or for casting or otherwise making up type, type-bars,
linotypes or slugs, as substitutes for setting type by hand. And I wish protec-
tion for all the uses of my invention, and desire the right to apply it to any sort
or kind of machine to which it may be applicable.
While my machine is designed to be operated with the two hands, acting
simultaneously, upon the two sets of keys, each hand on its own set of keys,
thereby to select matrices in pairs simultaneously, very obviously it may be
otherwise operated. Obviously, each set of matrices might be used by itself
alone, and a whole word or line set up from a single set of matrices; and-
which is more important-obviously an operator may; if he find it difficult to
learn to use his two hands simultaneously, use them say alternately, each on its
own set of keys, selecting say with the left-hand on its set of keys the first,

page_text: third, fifth, seventh, ninth, etc., letters of a word, and selecting with the right-
hand on its set of keys the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, etc., letters and
making the letters one at a time only. This mode of operating the
machine would not be so rapid as using the two hands simultaneously on the
two sets of keys to select matrices in pairs; but it would be somewhat more rapid
than the machines now in common use, having a single set of matrices, and a
single set of keys, controlling them. I do not, therefore, limit myself to any one
mode of operating the machine, but reserve the right of operating it in any
manner.
I am aware that it has been proposed heretofore to employ a plurality of sets
of matrices or type-plates of different faces, (as, for example, one set of Roman
and another of italics, or one set of large type and another of a smaller size
of type,) whereby types of different faces or style may be set up; but I am not
aware that any machine has ever been made heretofore containing two sets of
matrices of the same case (that is either both capitals or both lower-case letters,)
and of the same face or style of type, whereby the letters of a word may be com-
posed some from one set of matrices and some from the other. Nor am I aware
of any machine having been made heretofore having two sets of matrices of the
same case and with which the operator could select the matrices regularly in
pairs simultaneously, one matrix from each of the two sets aforesaid. Nor am
I aware of any linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality having
ever been made heretofore that was adapted both to make the letters in pairs
and the make the space at the end of a word containing an odd number of letters
automatically. Nor am I aware of any linotype or other type-setting machine
having ever been made heretofore in which the operator could make the last
two letters of a word and the interverbal space following such word by depressing
the keys corresponding to the last two letters of the word, and the space-key all
at the same instant.
Before attempting to point out, paragraph by paragraph, the principal heads
or leading combinations of my invention, it will be best to define or explain the
sense in which I use certain terms.
I use the term "linotype machine or other similar instrument" and the term
"linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality" synonymously; and
by each of these terms I mean to include (a) such linotype machines as those
of Mergenthaler, and (b) any and all other type-setting instrumentalities, (whether
of the circulation variety or not, and whether they merely set up type or cast or
otherwise form type,) which are so far similar to a linotype machine that my in-
vention hereinbefore described, or any of the leading features of the same, may
be applied thereto. For obviously, important features of my invention are applic-
able to other type-setting instrumentalities than the Mergenthaler linotype
machine.
By the word "type-plate" I mean a plate, part or piece upon which the character
is formed, whether it be formed in cameo or in intaglio. The matrices herein-
before referred to, having the characters formed in intaglio are the kind of type-
plate most generally used; but it has been proposed to use type-plates with the
characters formed in relief or cameo; and obviously my invention is as well
applicable in connection with the one form of type-plate as with the other.
By a set of type-plates I mean a sufficient number of type-plates to be capable
of being practically used. I prefer, as has been before said, to have a complete
lower-case alphabet in each set of type-plates. But while this is very con-
venient, it is not indispensable. Some, or indeed many, of the less frequently-
occurring letters of the alphabet might be omitted from one of the two sets, and
the letters remaining could still be practically used.
When I speak in this specification and particularly in the statement of claim
at the end hereof of the two sets of type-plates being of the " same case," I mean
that the machine or the described combination contains either (a) two sets of
lower-case type-plates, or (b) two sets of upper-case type-plates, or (c) two sets
both of upper and lower case type-plates. I have already explained that I con-

page_text: sider it preferable to use two sets of lower-case type-plates, and a single set of
upper-case type-plates only. But of course, two sets of upper-case type-plates
might also be used, if desired.
By two sets of type-plates of the " same face," I mean that the letters belonging
to such two sets are alike in size and style, or, at least, so nearly alike that they
may be used interchangeably in setting up successive words, some letters of a
word being taken from one set of type-plates and the other letters of such word
from the other set of type-plates.
By the primary-letter type-plates, or the primary letter set of type-plates, I
mean the set of type-plates from which, when the operator acts upon a plurality
of keys simultaneously to select a pair of type-plates corresponding to a pair of
consecutive letters, the type-plate corresponding to the first letter of such pair
is taken; and by the secondary letter type-plates, or the secondary-letter set of
type-plates, I mean the set of type-plates from which, when the operator acts
upon a plurality of keys simultaneously to select a pair of type-plates corre-
sponding to a pair of consecutive letters, the type-plate corresponding to the
second letter of such pair is taken.
By the term primary-letter releasing devices, I mean releasing devices which,
(when the operator acts upon a plurality of (keys to select a pair of type-plates,
corresponding to a pair of consecutive letters, simultaneously,) release the type-
plate corresponding to the first letter of such simultaneously selected letters;
and by the term secondary-letter releasing devices, I mean releasing devices
which, (when the operator acts upon a plurality of keys to select a plurality of
type-plates corresponding to a pair of consecutive letters, simultaneously,) release
the type-plate corresponding to the second letter of the pair of simultaneously
selected letters.
<
The term composing mechanism" is commonly used in the art in a broad
sense as including all the mechanism, of whatever kind, by which the line of
type-plates is composed; that is to say, all the mechanism of whatever kind
by which the type-plates are transferred from their normal positions in the
magazine tubes or other storing receptacles, or storing devices, to their places
in the line of type-plates being assembled. In this broad sense the releasing
devices, of whatever kind 'used, are a part of the composing mechanism; so are
the keys; so are the connections between the keys and the releasing devices.
In a narrower sense, the term composing mechanism is often used to include
only the mechanism by which the type-plates, after they have been released or
discharged from the magazine tubes or other storing devices, are assembled in
due order into the line which is being composed. When I speak, in any of the
claims at the end hereof, of releasing devices or of keys and releasing. devices,
and afterwards, in the same claim, use the term composing mechanism, I use said
term in its narrower sense, above explained, and as exclusive of the releasing
devices. But when I use the term composing mechanism in any of the claims
at the end hereof without mentioning releasing devices in the same claim; I use
the term composing mechanism in its broader sense, above explained, as including
all the mechanism of whatever kind by which the line of type-plates is composed.
Various forms of composing mechanism are well known in the art. Different
kinds are used in different machines. New forms are being constantly devised.
The form of composing mechanism illustrated in the drawings is the best that I
am aware of; but I do not at all limit myself to it; and I wish it to be very
distinctly understood that any other kind of composing mechanism whatever that
is suitable for the purpose may be used instead of the composing mechanism
illustrated in the drawings, in combination with the two sets of matrices or other
type-plates of the same case, in carrying out my invention.
'By the term releasing devices, as used in the statement of claim at the end
hereof, I mean devices by which the type-plates are released, discharged or
otherwise delivered, or taken from their normal positions, to be set in a course
or process of motion towards the line of type-plates being assembled. In particular

page_text: I use said term, releasing devices with reference as well to those devices by which
the type-plate is positively discharged or otherwise positively taken from the
magazine tube or other storing device, where it normally rests as to those
devices in which the type-plate is merely permitted to escape or fall under the
force of gravity. Various forms of releasing devices are well known in the
art. The form of releasing device illustrated in the drawings, (which is,
in fact, the old and well known releasing device of Mergenthaler,) I
consider to be as good as any other; but I do not at all limit myself
to it, and wish it to be very distinctly understood that any other suitable releas-
ing device whatever may be used instead thereof in the carrying out of my
invention.
By the term "quick-acting type-plate controlling mechanism," I mean mech-
anism acting to release or discharge a type-plate so soon as the key or keys con-
trolling such type-plate are depressed; and by the terms slow-acting type-plate
controlling mechanism, I mean mechanism which does not act to release or dis-
charge a type-plate at the instant the key or keys controlling said type-plates
are depressed; but in which the releasing or discharge of the type-plate is
delayed an instant to allow another type-plate corresponding to a preceding
letter to start upon its course of movement towards the line of type-plates being
assembled.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the improvement which
consists in using two sets of lower-case type-plates, and in composing the type-
plates of the two sets aforesaid into the same words and lines simultaneously, taking
some of the letters of a word from one set of type-plates, and other letters of such
word from the other set of type-plates.
2. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the improvement which
consists in using two sets of lower-case type-plates of the same face, and in
composing the type-plates of the two sets aforesaid into the same words and lines;
taking some of the letters of a word from one set of type-plates, and other letters
of such word from the other set of type-plates.
3. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the improvement which
consists in using two sets of lower-case type-plates, and in composing the type-
plates of the two sets aforesaid into the same words and lines simultaneously,
taking the successive letters of a word alternately from the two sets of type-plates
aforesaid.
4. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the improvement which
consists in using two sets of lower-case type-plates and in making the letters two
at a time, by selecting at the same time two type-plates corresponding to consecu-
tive letters, one type-plate from each of the two sets aforesaid.
4A. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the improvement which
consists in using two sets of lower-case type-plates of the same face, and in making
the letters two at a time by selecting at the same time two type-plates corres-
ponding to consecutive letters, one type-plate from each of the two sets aforesaid.
4B. In a linotype machine, or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously, said means including two sets
of circulating type-plates of the same case.
4c. In a linotype machine, or other similar instrument, means constructed
to afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including two sets
of circulating type-plates of the same case in combination with composing
mechanism, whereby type-plates of the two sets aforesaid are simultaneously
arranged in due order in a line.
4p. In a linotype machine, or other similar instrument, means constructed

page_text: to afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including two sets
of circulating type-plates of the same case; the type-plates of the one set being
normally disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled, and
the type-plates of the other set being normally disposed more remoto from the
line of type-plates being assembled.
4E. In a linotype machine, or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, with suitable composing mechanism, two sets of circulating type-plates
of the same case; the type-plates of the one set being normally disposed in
proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled, and the type-plates of the
other set being normally disposed more remote from the line of type-plates being
assembled.
5. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination with suitable composing mechanism, two sets of circulating type-plates
of the same case; the type-plates of one set being normally disposed in
proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled, and the type-plates of the
other set being normally disposed more remote from the line of type-plates being
assembled; releasing devices for the set of type-plates above mentioned as dis-
posed in proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled; keys controlling
said releasing devices; other releasing devices for the other set of type-plates
above mentioned, and other keys controlling said releasing devices; the whole
being constructed, arranged and operating in such a manner that when type-plates
of the two sets aforesaid are released by or in consequence of simultaneous actions
of the operator upon keys of the two sets aforesaid, one type-plate from each set,
the type-plate released from the set of type-plates before mentioned as being
disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled, reaches a position
in the line of type-plates being assembled, in advance of the type-plates of the
other set, released by the simultaneous action of the operator; so that two type-
plates released by or in consequence of simultaneous actions of the operator,
follow each other in due order in the line of type-plates being assembled.
6. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select type-plates, corresponding to consecutive
letters of a word in pairs, simultaneously; said means including, in combination,
(a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) primary-letter releasing devices,
whereby the type-plates corresponding to the first letters of the consecutive pairs
of letters are released; (c) secondary-letter releasing devices, whereby the type-plates
corresponding to the second letters of the consecutive pairs of letters are released:
and (d) suitable composing mechanism, whereby the type-plates of the two sets
aforesaid are simultaneously assembled into line; the whole being constructed,
arranged and operating in such a manner that when type-plates of the two
sets aforesaid are released by or in consequence of simultaneous actions of the
operator, one type-plate from each set, the type-plate released by the primary-
letter releasing devices reaches a position in the line of type-plates being assembled,
in advance of the type-plate of the other set, released by the secondary-letter
releasing devices; so that the two type-plates released by or in consequence of
simultaneous actions of the operator are made to follow each other in due order
in the line of type-plates being assembled.
7. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, two sets of type-
lates of the same case, to wit, a set of primary-letters type-plates and a set of
secondary-letter type-plates, in combination with suitable composing mechanism,
C

page_text: whereby type-plates of the two sets aforesaid are simultaneously assembled into the
same line.
8. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, two sets of type-
plates of the same case, to wit, a set of primary-letter type-plates, and a set of
secondary-letter type-plates in combination with composing mechanism including
a set of keys for the right-hand, controlling one of the two sets of type-plates above
mentioned, and a set of keys for the left-hand, controlling the other set of type-
plates above mentioned; and means operating when keys of the two sets aforesaid
are acted upon simultaneously by the operator, thereby to release two type-plates,
one from each of the two sets above mentioned, to cause the type-plate released
from the primary-letter set of type-plates to reach a position in the line of type-
plates being assembled in advance of the position reached by the type-plates released
by the simultaneous action of the operator, from the secondary-letter set of type-
plates.
9. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in combination,
(a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) a set of keys and releasing mechan-
ism controlled by said keys, acting to release the type-plates of one of the two
sets aforesaid; (c) another set of keys and releasing mechanism controlled by said
last mentioned keys, acting to release the type-plates of the other one of the two
sets aforesaid; and (d) additional composing mechanism, whereby the type-plates
released from the two sets aforesaid, are arranged in due order in the line; the
whole being constructed, arranged and operating in such a manner that when
keys of the two sets aforesaid are depressed by the operator simultaneously, there-
by to release one type-plate of each set, the type-plates released, belonging to one
set and controlled by the one set of keys, are regularly assembled or disposed in
advance, in the line, of the type-plates released simultaneously or substantially
simultaneously, but belonging to the other set of type-plates and controlled by
the other set of keys aforesaid.
10. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to
consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in combina-
tion, (a) a set of keys adapted to be operated by the right-hand, and a set of
lower-case type-plates controlled by such keys; (b) a set of keys adapted to be
operated by the left-hand and another set of lower-case type-plates controlled by
such left-hand keys; (c) means controlled by the right-hand keys, acting to release
the type-plates of the one set, each as required; (d) means, controlled by the left-
hand keys, actuating to release the type-plates of the other set, each as required;
and (c) additional composing mechanism whereby the type-plates released, of the
two sets aforesaid are arranged in due order in the line; the whole being con-
structed arranged and operating in such a manner that when keys of the two sets
aforesaid are depressed by the operator simultaneously, thereby to free one type-
plate of each set, the type-plates released, belonging to the one set of type-plates,
and controlled by the one set of keys, are regularly assembled or disposed in
advance, in the line, of the type-plates released by or in consequence of simul-
taneous actions of the operator, but belonging to the other set of type-plates and
controlled by the other set of keys aforesaid.
11. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to
consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in combina-
tion, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) releasing devices for each set
of type-plates; (c) two sets or groups of keys; (d) quick-acting connections
between the keys of one set and the releasing devices controlling one of the sets
of type-plates before mentioned; and (c) slow-acting connections between the keys

page_text: of the other set and the releasing devices controlling the type-plates of the other
set, before mentioned.
12. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination with mechanism for arranging the type-plates in line, (a) two sets of
type-plates of the same case; (b) two sets of keys; (c) releasing devices for each
set of type-plates, controlled by the corresponding set of keys; and (d) a carrier,
serving to convey the type-plates of the two sets aforesaid, after they have been
released, to the mechanism before mentioned for arranging them in line; the
type-plates of the two sets aforesaid being disposed in such relation to the carrier
before mentioned that the type-plates of the one set regularly fall upon said
carrier nearer to the mechanism before mentioned for arranging the type-plates
in line, (and to which mechanism the type-plates are being conveyed by the
carrier), than the type-plates do of the other set, released by simultaneous actions
of the operator.
13. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in combination
(a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) releasing devices for each set of
type-plates; (c) two sets of keys; (d) quick-acting connections between
one set of keys and the releasing devices controlled by said keys and which serve
to control one of the two sets of type-plates aforesaid (e) slow-acting connections
between the other set of keys aforesaid and the releasing devices controlled by
such keys and which serve to control the other set of type-plates aforesaid; (f)
mechanism for arranging the type-plates in line; and (9) a carrier, serving to
convey the type-plates of the two sets aforesaid, when they are released to the
mechanism whereby they are arranged in a line; the type-plates of the two sets
aforesaid being disposed in such relation to the carrier before mentioned that the
type-plates of the set whose releasing devices are connected with the keys controlling
them by quick-acting connections, regularly fall upon said carrier nearer to the
mechanism before mentioned whereto said type-plates are being conveyed by the
carrier aforesaid, than the type-plates do of the other set; whose releasing devices
are connected with the keys controlling them by slow-acting connections.
14. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination with suitable composing or assembling mechanism, (a) two sets of type-
plates of the same case; (b) releasing devices for each of the sets of type-plates
aforesaid; (c) two sets of keys; (d) quick-acting connections between one set of
keys aforesaid and the releasing devices controlling one of the sets of type-plates
aforesaid; and (e) slow-acting connections between the other set of keys aforesaid
and the releasing devices controlling the other set of type-plates aforesaid; the
set of type-plates aforesaid whose releasing devices are connected with the keys
controlling them by quick-acting connections, being disposed in proximity to
the line of type-plates being assembled, and the type-plates of the other set,
whose releasing devices are connected with the keys controlling them by slow-
acting connections, being disposed more remote from the line of type-plates being
assembled.
15. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) releasing devices for
the two sets of type-plates aforesaid; whereby the type-plates of each set are
released, as required; (c) two sets of keys, serving to control the two sets of type-
plates aforesaid; and (d) permutational-selecting devices intermediate at least

page_text: one set of keys and the releasing devices controlled thereby; whereby a few keys
are made to control a large number of releasing devices, each as required.
16. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) releasing devices for
the two sets of type-plates aforesaid, whereby the type-plates of each set are
released, as required; (c) two sets of keys, serving to control the two sets of type-
plates aforesaid; (d) permutational selecting devices intermediate one set of keys
at least and the releasing devices controlled thereby, whereby a few keys are
made to control a large number of releasing devices, each as required; and (e)
additional composing mechanism whereby the type-plates of the two sets released
are arranged in due order in a line; the whole being constructed, arranged and
operating in such a manner that when keys of the two sets aforesaid are depressed
by the operator simultaneously, thereby to free one type-plate of each set, the
type-plates released belonging to the one set of type-plates and controlled by the
one set of keys are regularly assembled or disposed in advance, in the line of
the type-plates released from the other set of type-plates by the simultaneous
actions of the operator upon the other set of keys.
17. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) releasing devices for
each set of type-plates; (c) two sets of keys; (d) quick-acting connections between
the keys of one set and the releasing devices controlling one of the sets of type-
plates before mentioned; (e) slow-acting connections between the keys of the other
set and the releasing devices controlling the other set of type-plates before men-
tioned; the connections between at least one of the sets of keys before mentioned
and the releasing devices controlled by them, being permutational selecting devices,
whereby a few keys, acting singly and in different combinations are made to
control a large number of releasing devices, each as required.
18. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, (a) a
set of lower-case type-plates; (b) storing devices for said type-plates, said storing
devices being disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled ;
(c) another set of lower-case type-plates; and (d) storing devices for said last
mentioned type-plates; disposed more remote from the line of type-plates being
assembled.
19. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) a set of lower-case type-plates; (b) storing devices for said type-
plates, said storing devices being disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates
being assembled; (c) another set of lower-case type-plates; (d) storing devices
for said last mentioned type-plates, disposed more remote from the line of type-
plates being assembled; and (e) composing mechanism whereby the type-plates
of the two sets aforesaid are arranged in due order in the line.
20. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) a set of primary-letter type-plates and a set of secondary-letter type-
plates; (b) releasing devices controlling the primary-letter type-plates aforesaid,
said releasing devices being disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being
assembled; (c) other releasing devices controlling the secondary letter set of type-
plates aforesaid; the last mentioned releasing devices being disposed more remote

page_text: from the line of type-plates being assembled than the releasing devices controlling
the primary-letter set of type-plates and (d) means whereby the type-plates released
from the two sets aforesaid are arranged in due order in the line.
21. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) quick-acting selecting
mechanism, controlling one set of said type-plates; and (c) slow-acting selecting
mechanism, controlling the other set of type-plates aforesaid.
22. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) a quick-acting permuta-
tional selecting mechanism, controlling one set of said type-plates, and (c) a slow-
acting permutational selecting mechanism, controlling the other set of said type-
plates.
23. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) quick-acting selecting
mechanism, controlling one set of said type-plates; (c) slow-acting selecting
mechanism controlling the other set of type-plates aforesaid; and (d) means
whereby the type-plates selected from the two sets aforesaid are arranged in due
order in the same line.
24. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) quick-acting permuta-
tional selecting mechanism controlling one set of said type-plates; (c) a slow-acting
permutational-selecting mechanism, controlling the other set of said type-plates;
and (d) means whereby the type-plates selected from the two sets aforesaid are
arranged in due order in the same line.
25. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case, one of said sets of type-
plates being disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled,
and the other of said sets of type-plates being disposed more remote from the
line of type-plates being assembled; (b) quick-acting permutational selecting
mechanism controlling that set of type-plates before mentioned as being disposed
in proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled; and (c) slow-acting per-
mutational selecting mechanism controlling the other set of type-plates aforesaid.
26. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, means constructed to
afford facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding
to consecutive letters of a word, simultaneously; said means including, in com-
bination, (a) two sets of type-plates of the same case, one of said sets of type-plates
being disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled, and the
other of said sets of type-plates being disposed more remote from the line of
type-plates being assembled; (b) quick-acting permutational selecting mechanism,
controlling that set of type-plates before mentioned as being disposed in proximity
to the line of type-plates being assembled; (c) slow-acting permutational selecting
mechanism controlling the other set of type-plates aforesaid; and (d) means
whereby the type-plates released, from the two sets aforesaid are arranged in due
order in the same line.
27. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, two sets of type-plates
of the same case and face, in combination with composing mechanism constructed

page_text: to assemble type-plates of the two sets aforesaid in due order into the same words
and lines.
28. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument; two sets of type-plates of
the same case and face in combination with composing mechanism constructed to
assemble type-plates of the two sets aforesaid in due order into the same words and
lines; the type-plates of one of the two sets aforesaid being normally disposed in
proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled, and the type-plates of the
other set aforesaid being normally disposed more remote from the line of type-
plates being assembled.
29. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, and in combination, two
sets of lower-case type-plates of the same face; the type-plates of one set being
normally disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being assembled, and the
type-plates of the other set being normally disposed more remote from the line
of type-plates being assembled; releasing devices for the set of type-plates
above mentioned as disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being
assembled; keys controlling said releasing devices; other releasing devices for
the other set of type-plates above mentioned, and other keys controlling said
releasing devices; and means constructed to assemble the type-plates released
from the two sets aforesaid in due order in the same line.
30. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, two sets of type-plates
of the same case and face, in combination with composing mechanism, including,
(a) a set of keys for the right hand, controlling one of the two sets of type-plates
above mentioned; (b) a set of keys for the left-hand, controlling the other set of
type-plates above mentioned; and (e) means constructed to assemble type-plates
of the two sets aforesaid, in due order in the same line.
31. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, and in combination.
(a) two sets of type-plates of the same case and face; (b) a set of keys and releasing
mechanism controlled by said keys and acting to release the type-plates of one of
the two sets aforesaid; (c) another set of keys, and releasing mechanism controlled
by said last mentioned keys, and acting to release the type-plates of the other one
of the two sets aforesaid; and (d) additional composing mechanism constructed
to assemble the type-plates released from the two sets aforesaid, in due order in the
line.
32. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, and in combination,
(a) two sets of type-plates of the same case and face; (b) a set of keys and releasing
devices controlled thereby, and acting to control the type-plates of one of the
two sets aforesaid; (c) another set of keys and other releasing devices controlled
by said keys, and acting to control the type-plates of the other one of the two
sets aforesaid; (d) a carrier in operative relation to the type-plates of the two
sets aforesaid, and serving to convey the type-plates of the two sets aforesaid,
when they are released, to the mechanism for arranging them in line, and (e)
means constructed to assemble the type-plates released from the two sets aforesaid
in due order into a line.
33. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, and in combination,
(a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) releasing devices for the two sets
of type-plates aforesaid, whereby the type-plates of each set are released, as required;
(c) two sets of keys serving to control the two sets of type-plates aforesaid, re-
spectively (d) permutational selecting devices intermediate one set of keys at
least, and the releasing devices controlled thereby, whereby a few keys
are made to control a large number of releasing devices, each as required;
and (e) means constructed to assemble the type-plates released from the two sets
aforesaid in due order into a line.
34. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, and in combination,
(a) two sets of type-plates of the same case; (b) releasing devices for each set of
type-plates aforesaid, whereby the different type-plates are released, as required;
(c) a set of keys for the right hand; (d) permutational selecting devices inter-

page_text: mediate the keys of the right hand set and the releasing devices controlled thereby,
whereby a few keys acting singly and in different combinations are made to control
a large number of releasing devices, each as required; (e) a set of keys for the
left-hand; (f) permutational selecting devices, intermediate the keys of the left-
hand set and the releasing devices controlled thereby, whereby a few keys are made
to control a large number of releasing devices, each as required, and (g) means con-
structed to assemble the type-plates released from the two sets aforesaid in due
order into a line.
35. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, and in combination,
(a) a set of lower-case type-plates; (b) storing devices for said type-plates, said
storing devices being disposed in proximity to the line of type-plates being
assembled; (c) another set of lower-case type-plates of the same face; (d) storing
devices for said last mentioned type-plates, disposed more remote from the
line of type-plates being assembled; and (e) composing mechanism, constructed
to assemble type-plates of the two sets aforesaid in due order into the same line.
36. In a finotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, in which
the successive characters of the line are controlled by acting upon the keys of
a key-board, the combination with the character-controlling keys of the key-
board aforesaid, and the mechanism operated by said keys, of a space-key adapted
to be depressed simultaneously with the character-controlling keys aforesaid,
and mechanism, controlled by said space-key and acting, (when said space-key
is depressed simultaneously with a character-controlling key,) a determined instant
after the depressing of said space-key and said character-controlling key, to cause
the production of an interverbal space.
37. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, in which
the successive characters of the line are controlled by acting upon the keys of
a key-board, the combination with the character-controlling keys of the key-
board aforesaid, and the mechanism operated by said keys, of (a) a space-key,
adapted to be depressed simultaneously with the character-controlling keys afore-
said; (b) a space-mechanism controlled by said space-key; and (c) means whereby
the acting of said space-mechanism to make a space is retarded an instant after
the depressing of the space-key aforesaid, so that when the space-key aforesaid
and a letter-controlling key are depressed simultaneously, the making of the
space is postponed until the letter corresponding to the letter-controlling key
depressed has first been made.
38. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, in which
the successive characters of the line are controlled by acting upon the keys of
a key-board, the combination with the character-controlling keys of the key-
board aforesaid, and the mechanism operated by said keys, of (a) a space-key;
(b) mechanism controlled by said space-key and acting to cause the production
of an interverbal space, in the line of type to be formed; and (c) a slow-acting
connection between said space-key and the space-mechanism aforesaid controlled
thereby the whole being constructed, arranged and operating in such a manner
that when a character-controlling key and the space-key aforesaid are depressed
simultaneously, thereby to make the final letter of a word, and the interverbal
space following such word, time is given to the character-controlling mechanism
controlled by the key depressed and controlling such final letter, to act, before
the space mechanism aforesaid acts.
39. In a linotype machine, or other type-setting instrumentality, in which
the successive characters of the line are controlled by acting upon the keys of
a key-board, the combination, with the character-controlling keys of said key-
board and the mechanism operated by said keys, of (a) a space-key; (b) a slow-
acting motor device controlled by said space-key; and (c) mechanism controlled
by said motor device and acting to cause the production of an interverbal space in
the line of type to be formed.
40. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, in which
the successive characters of the line are controlled by acting upon the keys of

page_text: a key-board, the combination with the character-controlling keys of said key-
board, and the mechanism operated by said keys, of (a) a space-key; (b) a slow-
acting motor device, controlled by said space-key; and (c) mechanism controlled
by said motor device and acting to cause the production of an interverbal space in
the line of type to be formed; the whole being constructed, arranged and operating
in such a manner that when a character-controlling key and the space-key afore-
said are depressed simultaneously, thereby to make the final letter of a word and
the interverbal space following such word, time is given to the character-con-
trolling mechanism controlled by the key depressed and controlling such final
letter, to act before the space mechanism controlled by the motor aforesaid acts.
41. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the combination with
suitable circulating type-plates, keys and means controlled thereby, whereby said
type-plates are released as required, and means whereby said type-plates are
assembled into line, of (a) a space-key adapted to be depressed simultaneously
with the keys aforesaid, and (b) mechanism controlled by said space-key, and
acting, (when said space-key is depressed simultaneously with a type-plate-con-
trolling key or combination of keys,) after the depressing of such type-plate-
controlling key or keys, to release a space or blank.
42. In a linotype machine, or other similar instrument, the combination with
suitable circulating type-plates, keys and means controlled thereby, whereby said
type-plates are released as required, and means whereby said type-plates are
assembled into line, of (a) a space-key adapted to be depressed simultaneously
with the keys aforesaid, and (b) mechanism controlled by said space-key, and
acting, (when said space-key is depressed simultaneously with a type-plate-con-
trolling key or combination of keys,) to release a space or blank.
43. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the combination with
suitable circulating type-plates, keys and means controlled thereby, whereby said
type-plates are released as required, and means whereby said type-plates are
assembled into line, of (a) a space-key adapted to be depressed simultaneously
with the character-controlling keys aforesaid; (b) a space-delivery mechanism,
controlled by said space-key; and (c) means whereby the delivery of a space by
said space-delivery mechanism is retarded a determined instant after the depress-
ing of the space-key aforesaid, so that when the space-key aforesaid and a type-
plate-controlling key are simultaneously depressed, thereby to make the final letter
of a word and the space at the end thereof simultaneously, the delivery of the
space is postponed until after the type-plate corresponding to the key depressed,
has been released.
44. In a linotype machine. or other similar instrument, the combination with
suitable circulating type-plates, keys and means controlled thereby, whereby said
type-plates are released as required, and means whereby said type-plates are
assembled into line, of (a) a space key adapted to be depressed simultaneously
with the keys aforesaid; (b) mechanism controlled by said space-key and acting
(when said space-key is depressed simultaneously with a type-plate controlling
key,) a determined instant after the depressing of said space-key, to release a
space or blank; and (c) means whereby, when said space-key is depressed simul-
taneously with one or more type-plate-controlling keys, the space or blank released
in consequence of the depressing of said space-key, is assembled into line im-
mediately after the type-plate or type-plates released in consequence of the
simultaneous depressing of one or more of the keys first in this paragraph mentioned.
45. In a linotype machine, or other similar instrument, the combination with
suitable circulating type-plates, keys and means controlled by them whereby said
type-plates are released as required, and means whereby said type-plates are
assembled into line, of (a) a space-key adapted to be depressed simultaneously
with the keys aforesaid; (b) a motor device, controlled by said space-key; and
(c) a space-releasing device, controlled by said motor device; said motor device
being arranged to act, (when a type-plate-controlling key and the space-key
aforesaid are simultaneously depressed,) a determined instant after the depressing

page_text: of said keys and after the releasing of the type-plate controlled by one of them,
upon the space-releasing mechanism aforesaid, to effect the releasing of a space,
so that the final letter of a word, with the space following, can be made by the
operator, by simultaneously depressing the key corresponding to such final letter
and the space-key aforesaid.
46. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, having keys
controlling the characters to be formed, said machine being constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select letters in pairs simultaneously, the combination
with two sets of keys, to wit, a set of primary-letter keys, whereby the first letter
of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is controlled, and secondary-
letter keys, whereby the second letter of a pair of simultaneously selected
letters is controlled, and letter-controlling mechanism for each set of
keys, of a space-controlling mechanism, serving to cause the production of a
space at the end of a word containing an odd number of letters, automatically,
and acting, when a key or keys of the primary-letter set are depressed, no key
of the secondary-letter set being simultaneously depressed, to cause the production
of a space.
47. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, having keys
controlling the characters to be formed, said machine being constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select letters in pairs simultaneously, the combination
with two sets of keys, to wit, a set of primary-letter keys, whereby
the first letter of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is controlled,
and secondary-letter keys, whereby the second letter of a pair of
simultaneously-selected letters is controlled, and letter-controlling mechan-
ism for each set of keys, of (a) a space-controlling mechanism;
and (b)
means controlled by the keys of one of the two sets aforesaid, acting when said
keys are depressed to bring said space-controlling mechanism into action for
the making of a space; the keys of the other set aforesaid, serving, when depressed,
to prevent the making of a space; so that a space is made automatically when a
key or keys of one set are depressed to make a letter, if no key of the other set be
at the same time depressed.
48. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, having keys
controlling the characters to be formed, said machine being constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select letters in pairs simultaneously, the combination
with two sets of keys, to wit, a set of primary-letter keys, whereby
the first letter of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is controlled,
and secondary-letter keys, whereby the second letter of a pair of
simultaneously-selected letters is controlled, and letter-controlling mechan-
ism for each set of keys, of (a) a space-controlling mechanism; and (b)
means controlled by the keys of the primary letter-set acting when said keys are
depressed to bring said space-controlling mechanism into action for the making
of a space; the keys of the secondary-letter set serving, when depressed, to
prevent said space-controlling mechanism from making a space; so that a space
is made automatically when a primary-letter key is depressed, if no key of the
secondary-letter set be at the same time depressed.
49. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, having keys
controlling the characters to be formed, said machine being constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select letters in pairs simultaneously, the combination
with two sets of keys, to wit, a set of primary-letter keys whereby the first letter
of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is controlled, and secondary-letter
keys, whereby the second letter of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is
controlled, of (a) a space-controlling mechanism; and (b) a motor device, brought
into action by the depressing of the keys of one of the two sets aforesaid, and
acting, when a key or keys of that set is depressed, to make a letter, (no key of
the other set being at the same time depressed,) upon the space-controlling
mechanism aforesaid, to cause the producing of an interverbal space.
50. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, having keys

page_text: controlling the characters to be formed, said machine being constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select letters in pairs simultaneously, the combination
with two sets of keys, to wit, a set of primary-letter keys, whereby the first letter
of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is controlled, and secondary-letter
keys, whereby the second letter of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is
controlled, of (a) a space-controlling mechanism; and (b) a motor device, brought
into action by the depressing of the keys of the primary-letter set and acting when
a key of the primary-letter set is depressed, no key of the secondary-letter set
being simultaneously depressed, upon the space-controlling mechanism aforesaid, to
cause the producing of an interverbal space.
51. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, having keys
controlling the characters to be formed, said machine being constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select letters in pairs simultaneously, the combination
with two sets of keys, to wit, a set of primary-letter keys, whereby the first letter
of a pair of simultaneously-selected letter is controlled, and secondary-letter keys,
whereby the second letter of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is controlled,
of (a) a space-controlling mechanism; (b) a motor device, serving to operate
said space-controlling mechanism; (c) means controlled by the keys of the one
set, serving when said keys are depressed to make a letter, to bring said motor
device into action upon the space-controlling mechanism aforesaid; and (d)
means controlled by the other set of keys, serving when said keys are depressed
to prevent the making of the space.
52. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, having keys
controlling the characters to be formed, said machine being constructed to afford
facility to the operator to select letters in pairs simultaneously, the combination
with two sets of keys, to wit, a set of primary-letter keys, whereby the first letter
of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is controlled, and secondary-letter keys,
whereby the second letter of a pair of simultaneously-selected letters is controlled,
of (a) a space-controlling mechanism; (b) a motor device, serving to operate
said space-controlling mechanism; (c) means controlled by the primary-letter
keys, serving when said keys are depressed to bring said motor device into action
upon the space-controlling mechanism aforesaid; and (d) means controlled by
the secondary-letter keys, serving when said keys are depressed, to prevent said
motor device from acting upon the space-controlling mechanism aforesaid: so
that an interverbal space is made automatically when a primary-letter key is
depressed, if no key of the secondary letter set be at the same time depressed.
53. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, organized to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word, by depressing a plurality of keys simultaneously, the
combination with two sets of keys and suitable releasing devices controlled by
said keys and whereby the type-plates are released, of a space-controlling mechan-
ism acting, (when a key or keys of the one set aforesaid are depressed, to cause
the releasing of a type-plate, and no key of the other set is at the same time
depressed) to release a space or blank.
54. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, organized to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word, by depressing a plurality of keys simultaneously, the
combination with two sets of keys and suitable releasing devices controlled by
said keys and whereby the type-plates are released, of a space-controlling mechan-
ism acting, (when a key or keys of the one set aforesaid are depressed to cause
the releasing of a type-plate, and no key of the other set is at the same time
depressed,) to release a space; and assembling mechanism, whereby the type-
plate and space aforesaid are assembled into line in due order; whereby the space
at the end of a word containing an odd number of letters may be made auto-
matically.
55. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, organized to afford
facility to the operator to select type-plates in pairs, by depressing a plurality of

page_text: keys simultaneously, the combination with two sets of keys and suitable releasing
devices, controlled by said keys, and whereby the type-plates are released, of (a)
a space-delivery mechanism; (b) means controlled by the keys of one of the two
sets aforesaid. "acting when said keys are depressed, to bring the space-delivery
mechanism aforesaid into action to deliver a space; and (c) means controlled by
the other set of keys aforesaid, acting when keys of such set are depressed, to
prevent the space delivery mechanism aforesaid from delivering a space.
56. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, organized to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word, by depressing a plurality of keys simultaneously, the
combination with two sets of keys, to wit, a primary-letter set of keys and a
secondary-letter set of keys, and means controlled by said keys, whereby the type-
plates are released, as required; of (a) a space-delivery mechanism, whereby
spaces or blanks are fed as required; and (b) a motor device, brought into action
by the depressing of the keys of one of the two sets aforesaid and acting upon
the space-delivery mechanism aforesaid to cause the delivery of a space, if no
key of the other set be at the same time depressed.
57. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, organized to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word by depressing a plurality of keys simultaneously, the
combination with two sets of keys, to wit, a primary-letter set of keys and a
secondary-letter set of keys, and means controlled by said keys, whereby the type-
plates are released, as required; of (a) a space-delivery mechanism, whereby
spaces or blanks are fed as required; and (b) a motor device, brought into action
by the depressing of the keys of the primary-letter set aforesaid and acting upon
the space-delivery mechanism aforesaid, when a primary-letter key is depressed
and no secondary-letter key is at the same time depressed, to cause the releasing
of a space or blank.
58. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, organized to afford.
facility to the operator to select a plurality of type-plates corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word by depressing a plurality of keys simultaneously, the
combination with two sets of keys, to wit, a primary-letter set of keys and a
secondary-letter set of keys and means controlled by said keys, whereby the type-
plates are released, of (a) a space-delivery mechanism, whereby spaces or blanks
are fed as required: (b) a motor device, brought into action by the depressing of
the keys of one of the two sets aforesaid, and acting when a key of such set is
depressed, no key of the other set being at the same time depressed, upon the
space-delivery mechanism aforesaid, to cause the delivery of a space; and (c)
means controlled by the other set of keys aforesaid and acting when a key of
such set is depressed, to prevent a space from being delivered.
59. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, organized to afford
facility to the operator to select a plurality of tvne-plates, corresponding to con-
secutive letters of a word by depressing a plurality of keys simultaneously, the
combination with two sets of keys, to wit, a primary-letter set of keys and a
secondary-letter set of keys and means controlled by said keys, whereby the type-
plates are released, of (a) a space-delivery mechanism, whereby spaces or blanks
are fed one by one, as required: (b) a motor device, brought into action by the
depressing of the keys of the primary-letter set. and acting when a
key of the primary letter set is depressed, no key of the secondary-
letter set being at the same time depressed, upon the space delivery mechanism
aforesaid to cause the delivery of a space : and (c) means controlled by
the keys of the secondary-letter set and acting, when a key of such set is depressed,
to prevent the delivery of a space.
60. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, in which
successive letters of the line are controlled by acting upon kevs, and in which
there are two sets of keys and means controlled thereby, whereby facility is
afforded the operator to select letters in pairs, by depressing a plurality of keys

page_text: simultaneously, the combination with the character-controlling keys aforesaid,
and the mechanism operated by them, and whereby letters are made in pairs, of
a space-key adapted to be depressed simultaneously with the character-controlling
keys aforesaid, and mechanism controlled by said space-key and acting, (when
said space-key is depressed simultaneously with character-controlling keys that
make a pair of letters,) to make an interverbal space.
61. In a linotype machine or other type-setting instrumentality, in which the
successive letters of the line are controlled by acting upon keys, and in which
there are two sets of keys and means controlled thereby, whereby facility is
afforded to the operator to make letters in pairs, by depressing a plurality of keys
simultaneously, the combination with the character-controlling keys aforesaid,
and mechanism operated by them, whereby letters are selected in pairs, of (a) a
space-producing mechanism, acting to make a space when a letter is made by
itself alone; (b) a space-key adapted to be depressed simultaneously with the
character-controlling keys aforesaid; and (c) means controlled by said space-key
and acting, when said space-key is depressed simultaneously with the character-
controlling keys that make a pair of letters, to make an interverbal space.
62. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the combination with
circulating type-plates, releasing devices therefor and two sets of keys, controlling
said releasing devices, and serving to afford facility to the operator to select type-
plates in pairs by acting upon the keys of the two sets aforesaid simultaneously, of
(a) a space-key adapted to be depressed simultaneously with the keys aforesaid,
and (b) mechanism controlled by said space-key, and acting when said space-key
is depressed simultaneously with keys of the two sets aforesaid, (that are depressed
simultaneously to release a pair of type-plates,) to make an interverbal space.
63. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the combination with
circulating type-plates, releasing devices therefor and two sets of keys, controlling
said releasing devices, and serving to afford facility to the operator to select type-
plates in pairs by acting upon the keys of the two sets aforesaid simultaneously, of
(a) a space-producing mechanism, acting to make a space when a key or keys of
one of the sets aforesaid are depressed to release a type-plate, no key of the other
set being at the same time depressed; (b) a space-key adapted to be depressed
simultaneously with the keys aforesaid; and (c) means controlled by said space-
key and acting when said space-key is depressed simultaneously with keys of the
two sets aforesaid, (which are depressed simultaneously, to release a pair of
type-plates,) to make an interverbal space.
64. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the combination, with
two sets of type-plates of the same case, releasing devices for said type-plates,
two sets of keys controlling said releasing devices, and serving to afford facility
to the operator to release a pair of type-plates simultaneously, one from each of
the two sets aforesaid, and means whereby the type-plates released from the two
sets aforesaid are arranged in due order into a line of (a) a space-key adapted to
be depressed simultaneously with the keys aforesaid, and (b) mechanism controlled
by said space-key, and acting when said space-key is depressed, simultaneously
with keys of the two sets aforesaid, (that are depressed simultaneously to release
a pair of type-plates,) to make an interverbal space.
65. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the combination, with
two sets of type-plates of the same case, releasing devices for said type-plates,
two sets of keys controlling said releasing devices, and serving to afford facility
to the operator to release a pair of type-plates simultaneously, one from each of
the two sets aforesaid, and means whereby the type-plates released from the two
sets aforesaid are arranged in due order into a line, of (a) a space-producing
mechanism, acting to make a space when a key or kevs of one of the sets afore-
said are depressed to release a type-plate, no key of the other set being at the
same time depressed; (b) a space-key, adapted to be depressed simultaneously
with the keys aforesaid; and (c) means controlled by said space-key and acting
when said space-key is depressed simultaneously with keys of the two sets afore-

page_text: said, (which are depressed simultaneously, to release a pair of type-plates,) to
make an interverbal space.
66. In a linotype machine or other similar instrument, the improvement which
consists in selecting the matrices in pairs beginning with the first pair of letters
in a word and continuing pair by pair to the end or until the last letter of the
word, if it contain an odd number of letters is reached, which is made by itself
alone, and arranging things in such a manner that when a matrix is selected by,
itself alone, a space is automatically released to follow it; whereby the space
at the end of a word containing an odd number of letters is made automatically.
Dated this 13th day of June 1898.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.