IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Spencer, Civil Engineer, of 77, Cannon
Street, London, and Uriah Scott, Engineer, of 1, North Street
Fitzroy Square, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES.
Sealed the 7th February 1873, and dated the 6th December 1872.

page_text: To make our method clear we insert Figures 1 and 2.
Fig. 1. In Fig. 1 G is the axle of the carriage. a is a part of the
nave of the wheel which runs freely on the axle, and is held in. position
on the axle by the key pieces b, b, which revolve in the groove or
recess g; c and d show a portion of the wheel centre; e is a loose ring
bolted or riveted to the solid part a of the nave. It will be seen that
the wheel revolves freely on the axle G, and is held securely in position;
the wheel on the other end of the axle G is fixed to the axle and
revolves with it.
Fig. 2. In Fig. 2 G¹ is the axle of the carriage. In this method the
groove or recess is formed in the boss of the wheel instead of in the axle,
as shown in Fig. 1. h is a collar or ring keyed to the axle and revolving
with it; a¹ is a part of the nave of the wheel running freely on the
axle G and collar h; d shows a part of the wheel centre; e¹ is a loose
ring bolted or riveted to the solid part a¹ of the nave. The wheel
revolves freely on the axle G¹³, and is held securely in position by the
collar, h; the wheel on the other end of the axle G¹ is fixed to the axle
and revolves with it.
2nd. In an improved method of applying india-rubber to the nave of
a wheel, which is shown in Fig. 3, c shows the axle; a is a part of the
boss; d, a part of the centre of the wheel; g, a ring of india-rubber;
g³, side collars of india-rubber; and g², tubes of india-rubber surrounding
the bolts which hold the loose piece e to the solid part of the nave a.
3rd. A method of applying india-rubber to the ends of carriage
springs, with bolts and nuts to connect them together when double
springs are used, and when single springs are used to connect them to
the scroll iron attached to the framing of the carriage. We pass a bolt.
through the two springs, with india-rubber washers between the two
springs or the single spring and scroll iron, and screw them up so as the
india-rubber will come into play and receive the shock that is caused by
the reaction of the spring, and thus give ease and prevent the breaking
of springs. The same plan will answer to make shackles to connect
springs to each other or to the body of the carriage.
4th. Improved methods of applying india-rubber spiral or other
springs to assist in the opening and closing the heads or coverings of
carriages and railway trucks, so that they can be opened and closed
with acce

page_text: Fig. 4 is an end view of a railway truck.
.
c, c, are two
a, a, are two arms or levers
fixed to a pin 6 so as to revolve freely, the other ends of the levers to be
fixed to two pieces of timber h to go from end to end of the side of the
truck; the covering is to be attached to the timbers.
india-rubber or spiral steel springs to act on the levers to raise the
covering when lifted by the hand or otherwise; e is a guide rod for the
covering to travel on; f, f, are sockets to fix covering to; g, g, are
revolving sockets for the rods of the springs c, c, to travel through (the
springs are shown under pressure). The two ends of the truck are to be
fitted alike; counterweights may be used in place of c, c.
Fig. 5 shows a method of raising and lowering the head of a carriage
with the use of the outside joint. a is the cantrail; b, the pillar; c, the
outside joint fixed to the strut D, a bolt passing through the outside joint
and revolving in a stout socket; E, a spring to keep the head up; f, the
bracket for the spring rod to pass through; G, G, the frame in lieu of
hoop sticks to fix the covering to. When the head is lowered it will
compress the spring E, thus it will assist in raising the head again.
His a lever fixed to the cant rail rod j, and outside joint c, and
strut D.
Fig. 6 shows a method of raising and lowering the head of a
carriage without the use of outside joints. a is the cantrail; B,
the
pillar; C, a rack fixed to the cant rail rod D; E, a wheel to act on the
rack to turn the cant rail; F, an inside lever fixed to the wheel E, the
other end being fixed to the elbow G; H, a spiral spring to force up the
head when down, one end of the lever being fixed to the pillar, and the
other end to the lever F; I, bracket to fix rack and wheel to pillar. Or,
we make the cantrail of the carriage head push up from the front by
the action of spiral, india-rubber, or other springs. We fix a spiral
spring to the back of the pillar in the following manner :-
carriage head is opened it will dopress the spring, and the rod in the
spring will pass up through a socket fixed at the back of the pillar, the
other end of the spring rod being pin jointed to the framing of the
carriage below the pillar hinge, or any other suitable part. To the
top part of the spring rod we pin joint a short lever, and fix the other
end of this lever, also pin jointed, to the front of the cantrail, so that
it can be raised up by the action of the spring rod passing up through
the socket.
-As the

page_text: To keep the head up, or in any position required, we pass the spring
rod through a lock, the lock to be fixed to the pillar, the spring rod to
have several holes made in it to receive the bolt of the lock, so that any
hole coming opposite the bolt of the lock will hold it until the bolt is
withdrawn. This plan can be used with or without joints, or can be
used with spring rod and lever in one piece. Fig. 7 shows this plan.
a is the cantrail; b, rod to cantrail; c, spring rod; d, socket; e, lock
to pin the head in any position; f, spring; g, outside joint; h, hollow
prop.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
:
filed by the said George Spencer and Uriah Scott in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 4th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
SPENCER, Civil Engineer, of 77, Cannon Street, London, and URIAH SCOTT,
Engineer, of No. 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in
the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said George Spencer and Uriah
Scott Her special licence that we, the said George Spencer and Uriah
Scott, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said George Spencer and Uriah Scott, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF
RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said George Spencer and Uriah Scott, our executors and
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Spencer and Uriah Scott,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Our improvements consist of,-
1st. Improved methods of making railway, tramroad, and other
carriage wheels and axles, so that one wheel is fixed on the axle and the
other allowed to revolve freely on the axle, and yet be securely held in
place. Sheet No. 1 of the Drawings shows various methods of effecting
this object.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, and 18 the loose
wheel is secured to the axle by a groove sunk in some part of the axle,
as shown, into which a key piece or pieces fit, which is secured to the
nave of the wheel. In each wheel A is the groove, B is the key piece,
O is the nave of the wheel. In Figs. 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25
the loose wheel is secured to the axle by a projection or collar formed on
or fixed to the axle in the modes shown. In each case A¹is the collar
for securing the nave of the wheel; C₁ is the nave of the wheel.
2nd. In an improved method of applying india-rubber to the nave of
a wheel, which is shown in Figs. 14, 15, and 18, D in each case is a
ring; and E, two collars of india rubber; F is a tube of india-rubber.
round the bolt.
3rd. Methods of applying india-rubber to the ends of carriage springs
with bolts and nuts to connect them together when double springs arc
used, and when single springs are used to connect them to the scroll iron
attached to the framing of the carriage. We pass a bolt through the
two springs with india-rubber washers between the two springs or the
single spring and scroll iron, and screw them up so as the india-rubber
will come into play and receive the shock that is caused by the reaction
of the spring, and thus give ease and prevent the breaking of springs.
The same plan will answer to make shackles to connect springs to cach
other or to the body of the carriage.
Fig. 26, Sheet No. 2, is a spring and scroll iron. A is the spring;
B, B, india-rubber washers; C, C, metal washers; F, bolt; D, the scroll
iron. Instead of the scroll iron a steel spring can be used. Fig. 27 is

page_text: also a spring fitted with india-rubber between the plates. A, A, are top
and bottom ends of spring; B, bolt passing through both springs;
Ċ, C, india-rubber; D, D, metal washers.
Fig. 31 is a shackle for springs and bodies of carriages. A, A, india-
rubber; B, loose socket; C, bolt; D, D, shackle frames.
Fig. 32 is a shackle. A is a metal frame; B,. india-rubber; C, metal
lining to protect india-rubber.
Fig. 28 is a shackle, and Fig. 29 is an end view of same. C is a metal
case; B, metal flange socket; A, india-rubber.
Fig. 30 shows the application of india-rubber in the centre of the 1
spring. A is a metal case; B, B, india-rubber; C, metal spring; D,
metal lid to case to be put on under pressure; E, bolts to keep the lid
fixed; F, F, are two clips to fix the whole to the axle or framing. This
method will do to isolate one part of a carriage from another.
4th. Improved methods of applying india-rubber, spiral, and other 1
springs to assist in the opening and closing the heads or coverings of
carriages and railway_trucks so that they can be opened and closed with
ease.
Fig. 33 is an end view of a railway truck. A, A, are two arms or
levers fixed to a pin B, so as to revolve freely; the other ends of the 2
levers to be fixed to two pieces of timber H, to go from end to end of
the side of the truck; the covering is to be attached to the timbers;
C, C, are two india-rubber or spiral steel springs to act on the levers to
raise the covering when lifted by the hand or otherwise; E is a guide
rod for the covering to travel on; F, F, are sockets to fix covering to; 2
G, G, are revolving sockets for the rods of the springs C, C, to travel
through (the springs are shown under pressure); the two ends of the
truck are to be fitted alike. Counterweights may be used instead of
C, C. The same plan can be applied to carriage heads, as shown in
Fig. 37, Sheet No. 3. A is the framing of carriage; B, the pillar; C, 3
D, nut on rod to regulate spring.
spiral spring in case;
Fig. 34 shows a method of raising and lowering the head of a carriage
with the use of the outside joint. A is the cantrail; B, the pillar; C,
the outside joint fixed to the strut; D is a bolt passing through the

page_text: outside joint and revolving in a stout socket; E, a spring to keep the
head up; F, the bracket for the spring rod to pass through; G, G, the
frame in lieu of hoop sticks to fix the covering to. When the head is
lowered it will compress the spring E; thus it will assist in raising the
head again. H is a lever fixed to the cantrail rod J and outside joint C
and strut D.
Fig. 35 shows a method of raising and lowering the head of a carriage
without the use of outside joints. A is the cantrail; B, the pillar; C, a
rack fixed to the cantrail rod D; E, a wheel to act on the rack to turn
the cantrail; F, an inside lever fixed to the wheel E, the other end
being fixed to the elbow G; H, is a spiral spring to force up the head
when down, one end of the lever being fixed to the pillar and the other
end to the lever F; I is a bracket to fix rack and wheel to pillar. Or
we make the cantrail of the carriage head push up from the front by
the action of spiral, india-rubber, or other springs.
We fix a spiral spring to the back of the pillar in the following
manner: As the carriage head is opened it will depress the spring, and
the rod in the spring will pass up through a socket fixed at the back of
the pillar, the other end of the spring rod being pin-jointed to the
framing of the carriage below the pillar hinge or any other suitable part.
To the top part of the spring rod we pin-joint a short lever; and fix the
other end of this lever, also pin-jointed, to the front of the cantrail so
as it can be raised up by the action of the spring rod passing up through
the socket.
To keep the head up or in any position required we pass the spring
rod through a lock, the lock to be fixed to the pillar, the spring rod to
have several holes made in it to receive the bolt of the lock, so that any
hole coming opposite the bolt of the lock will hold it until the bolt is
withdrawn. This plan can be used with or without joints, or can be
used with spring rod and lever in one piece. Fig. 38 shows this plan.
A is the cantrail; B, rod to cantrail; C, spring rod; D, socket; E,
lock to pin head in any position; F, spring; K, outside joint; L, hollow
prop. The same Drawing shows a plan of raising and lowering the head
in another way; G is the lever to prop; H, spiral spring; I, lever to
cantrail. These plans can be used together or separately, each quarter
to be fitted alike. In any of the plans the springs can work in tubes in

page_text: lieu of rods. Fig. 36 is the same as Fig. 34, except that the bracket F,
Fig. 34, is lower down in Fig. 36.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Spencer and Uriah Scott,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of June,
in the year of our Lord 1873.