IMPROVEMENTS IN WARP MACHINERY
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
WHITELEY and JOHN WHITELEY, of Stapleford, near Nottingham, Lace
Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventh day of November, in the third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Whiteley and John Whiteley, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Thomas Whiteley and John
Whiteley, our exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Thomas Whiteley and John Whiteley, our exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARP MACHINERY;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said
Thomas Whiteley and John Whiteley, or one of us, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, referenco
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Thomas Whiteley and John Whiteley, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
According to the ordinary and at present well-known means of constructing
warp machinery, a system of warp threads are caused by means of needles
aided by other apparatus to interloop with each other, and thus produce
fabrics, there being one warp thread to each needle, and such warp threads
are passed through guides carried by two or more guide bars, and according to
the order in which these guide bars are respectively caused to lap their warp
threads on to particular needles so will be the fabrics produced, and it is usual
to place such warp threads on one or more rollers or beams, which simply turn
on their axes to give off threads as required; but it should be stated that
there are machines wherein the threads or yarns are wound on to separate
bobbins, the axes of which are carried in suitable frames; but in such
machines the bobbins simply have a revolving motion on their axes as the
thread or yarn is drawn therefrom in the course of working the machine. And
it is well known that the threads or yarns so passed through guide bars work only
with certain needles opposite which they are respectively placed, and they are
only caused to traverse from their particular and proper place over a few needles
by the end-way motion of the guide bars caused by the lace wheels, and
such traversing of the warp threads to lap over a few needles beyond the
particular needles is necessarily a to and fro motion, and in such manner that
any warp thread having for a time for a particular object been carried over one
or more needles to lap thereon is carried back to its original place in the general
warp, and again works with its particular needle. Hence, in warp fabrics
heretofore made each warp thread may be said to proceed longitudinally from
end to end of the piece, for they really do so proceed when making plain
fabrics, and even when making ornamental or fancy fabrics they also proceed
in a direct line from end to end lengthwise, with the exception of being to a
very small extent deflected off' horizontally from the direct course by being
caused to lap over one or more needles from the one with which the particular
warp thread is set to work. We have not thought it necessary to mention
the various extra threads which are used in producing ornamental fabrics
in warp machines, but have confined the above explanation to the general
principle of the warp machines beretofore used, in order to avoid complexity of

page_text: description, more particularly as the use of extra threads for gymping and
such like and other purposes is well understood.
The first part of our Invention relates to a mode of constructing warp machinery
for making warp fabrics, and in such manner that the warp threads may perform
a circuit in a somewhat similar manner to what the warp threads of a traverse
warp twist or bobbin net lace machine perform, and also in a very similar manner
to what the traversing of the bobbin threads of traverse bobbin twist lace or
bobbin net machinery perform their circuits, and whereby the two sets of threads
(into which the warp threads in the first-mentioned machinery are divided
over the bobbin threads into which the threads of the second mentioned
machinery are divided) are caused to cross each other diagonally from selvage
to selvage, and by the combined using of such traversing diagonally of the
warp threads of warp machinery with their interlooping with each other we are
enabled to make very valuable warp fabrics from cotton, silk, woollen, and other
threads or yarns, both plain and ornamental. And in order to give, the best
information in our power, that our Invention may be well understood and
readily performed, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed,
which represent several views of a machine constructed according to our
Invention; and the Drawings also shew many detached views of separate
movements which cannot so clearly be shewn or traced when combined and
in their places in the general machine; and the Drawings also shew many
of the parts separately, full size; and as all the parts are marked with
the same letters and figures of reference in the different parts or views of the
Drawings, their position and mode of working in the machine will readily be
traced when aided by the explanation herein given.
The nature of the principal views of the machine, as shewn in the
Drawings, being written near each view, the same will not require to be
here recapitulated, further than to say, that Figure 1 represents a front view
of the machine; Figure 2, a back view; Figure 3, a right-hand end view;
Figure 4, a left-hand end view; Figure 5, a transverse section looking from
the right-hand end towards the left-hand end of the machine, such section
being taken vertically through the machine from top to bottom at a short
distance from the right-hand end of the machine. Figure 6 is another
transverse section, looking from the left-hand end towards the right-hand end
of the machine; but in this Figure the section is not taken vertically through
the machine from top to bottom, but is taken partly near the right-hand end
framing, from the top downwards for some distance, and also partly at the
eft-hand end, to shew the lower parts; and in making this section several
arts are left out, which are clearly shewn in other Figures, in order that

page_text: other parts, which cannot be clearly seen in other Figures, may be seen and
their nature and movements traced in this Figure. By these Figures, aided
by the various detached views of separate parts and combinations of parts, the
workman, with care and attention, will quickly become familiar with the
several parts and the mode of working of the machine, more particularly as
the eye will be aided by the various colors employed, in order to keep the
connected movements of one set of parts from the movements of other sets of
parts; for it will be seen that by tracing any particular color from the source
of movement of its particular combination of parts to the final result of such
movement of the parts, the eye will readily follow the action, and ascertain the
object and end, and the movements of any particular combination of the parts
separately from the movements which are brought about by other combinations
of parts, owing to such other combinations of parts being respectively colored
with different colors. A, A, are the end framings of the machine, which
are tied together by suitable bars at the back of the machine, and which
are clearly seen in the back view of the machine, as well as in the cross
sections, and the needle bar B, which is fixed to the two end framings,
aids, with other of the bars which are fixed to the end framings, to
give stiffness to the general machine, all which will readily be under-
stood on a careful examination of the Drawings. The needles and needle
bars are similar to those in ordinary warp machines.
In order that the nature of the parts belonging to and the movements of each
separate combination of parts may be understood, we will describe them
separately, making, however, from time to time such observations on the
combined working of other parts therewith as may be found desireable
in order to aid the making the general working of all the parts and
C is the
combinations of parts readily understood by the workman.
crank shaft or handles by which the workman gives motion to the
This
back shaft, and thence to the various parts of the machine.
shaft turns in suitable bearings at each end of the machine, and on the left-
hand end is a fly wheel to aid the workman by equalizing the motion. D is
a bevilled tooth wheel which takes into and gives motion to the bevilled
wheel E, which is affixed on the shaft or axis F, which turns in suitable
bearings at the left-hand end of the machine. G is a bevilled toothed wheel
which takes into and drives the bevilled toothed wheel H, which is affixed on
the back shaft H, such back shaft turning in suitable bearings at each end
of the machine, as is shewn in the Drawings; and it is from this back shaft HI
from which the various motions are derived in working the different combi-
nations of parts which constitute the general machine; we will therefore now

page_text: trace each movement from the back shaft H to its result in the machine,
describing the parts of each combination of parts through and by which such
motion is communicated in order to produce the particular result which each
particular combination is arranged to produce in the working of the machine,
in order that the combined result of such particular results may produce warp
fabrics according to our Invention: And we will commence with the action of
the sinker and presser bar, which are applied to a single bar I, such bar being
carried by means of the spindle bar 1', which moves or points at each end,
which points enter into holes formed in the end projecting arms I, and the
sinker bar is suspended from the arms I, and moves on axes 13, as is clearly
shewn in the Drawings; and it will be seen that the shape of the sinkers is
different from those ordinarily used, their duty, according to this part of our
Invention, being simply to knock over and beat up the work, the work being
carried back on to the stems of the needles by other instruments, which will be
hereafter explained. J is the presser bar, which is combined with and carried
by the sinker bar, as is shewn in the Drawing. Hence, in the working of the
sinker bar as it descends and also comes forward, it causes the sinkers to drive
the previously formed loops (which are on the stems of the needles) over the
beards of the needles, the presser bar coming down on to the beards and
pressing them downwards in order to the work passing over them, and the
continued motion of the sinker bar I causes the presser bar J to pass off the
heads of the needles, and by the coming forward of the sinkers the work is
knocked over the heads of the needles. We would here remark that the
pressing action will be better understood when we come to describe the action
of the instruments which carry the work or last-formed loops on to the stems
of the needles, as the presser bar acts between such instruments when press-
ing down the beards of the needles. K, L, are two cams affixed on the
back shaft of the machine, and by their joint action give the requisite motions
to the sinker bar I, in order to its producing the requisite movements to the
sinkers and to the presser bar, as above noticed. The shapes of the cams
being shewn full size as well as on a smaller scale in their places, their action
will readily be understood. The cam K acts to move the sinkers forward, in
order to knock the work off the heads of the needles; and the cam is so formed
that it, having caused the sinkers to drive the work off the needles, allows of
the sinkers receding a short distance, and then again causes the sinkers to move
outwards and come against the work, which effects a beating up of the fabric
after it is off the needles and hanging by the last-formed loops. K' is a lever
moving in a fulcrum at the lower part of the machine, and at the upper part
of the lever K there is a truck or roller which at all times bears against the

page_text: surface of the cam K, and the lever K' is consequently moved by such cam,
owing to its being kept thereto by means of a weight K2 attached to a cord,
and passing over a pulley, as is shewn in the Drawings. K³ is a link which
connects the lever K' and the arm K³, which is affixed to the sinker bar I,
such connection being by pin points, as shewn; by this means motion from
the cam is transmitted to the sinker bar I, but such motion, as above
stated, is only for driving the work off the needles and beating it up after
it is off the needles. In order to give the requisite motion to the presser
bar J, the cam L is used, the shape of which is clearly shown in the
Drawings. L' is a bent or bell crank lever, moving on a fulcrum at L;
one end of this lever carries a truck or roller, which at all times bears
against the surface of the cam L. The other end of the lever L is con-
nected by a link L³ to the arm L, affixed to the spindle bar I of this
sinker bar I, such connection of the lever Land the arm L being by
pin joints, as is well understood. In the ordinary warp machines now in use
the sinkers have each a part called a neb, which in the sinkers above described
are dispensed with; the duty of such nebs, when forming part of the sinkers,
is to carry the work on to the stems of the needles when the sinker bar is
receding from the front of the machine; and when the sinkers are coming
forward, the nebs cause the fresh laps of the warp threads to be driven under
the beards of the needles, and then get out of the way to allow of the
presser bar acting to press down the beards of the needles in order to another
part of the sinkers driving the previous formed loops over the beards and off
the needles. Now according to one part of our Invention, as we dispense
with the nebs of the sinkers of warp machines, we employ certain independent
instruments to perform the duty of the nebs heretofore used, by which, com-
bined with the circumstance of the presser bar being affixed to the sinker bar,
we obtain a very advantageous arrangement of parts for working the warp
threads on the needles, and which combination of parts may be beneficially
used in ordinary warp machines when not using the first part of our Invention;
and with a view to this separate part of our Invention being readily applied to
ordinary warp machines, we have in the Drawings shewn so much of an
ordinary warp machine as will explain how such application of this new mode of
working the threads on the needles is to take place. M is what we call the
independent neb bar, it carrying the leads of independent nebs, which consist
of two narrow flat plates or points between each two of the needles, the
upper ends of each of the plates being bevilled into a point, which will
be readily understood on examining the Drawings where these nebs are
shewn full size, as well as on a smaller scale, in their places in the various

page_text: views of the machine. The independent neb bar M is carried by arms affixed
to the bar M³, which bar turns on necks carried in bearings on the ams
affixed to the spindle bar M', such spindle bar moving on points at each end,
on points which enter into the end arms of the spindle bar M', as is clearly
shewn in the Drawings, and the bar M³ is capable of turning on the arms of
the spindle bar, which act as bearings. N, N, are two cams which are affixed
on the back shaft H, and these cams give the necessary to and fro motion
from back to front, to the bar M; and the cam O, which is also affixed to the
back shaft II, gives the up and down motion to the independent neb bar M;
and it is by means of the motions obtained to the bar M from the cams N, O,
that the nebs, in going from front towards the back of the machine, enter
between the needles and carry back the work on last formed loops on to the
stems of the needles, and then the lapping of the threads takes place, which
will be in front of the front row of nebs; consequently when the neb bar is
moved forward towards the front of the machine, the front edges of the front
row of nebs will drive the last lappings of the warp threads under the beards
of the needles, the presser bar will press between the two rows of nebs, and
the sinkers will bring forward the work and drive it over the beards and off
the heads of the needle, the nobs beir cam O getting out of the way.
N', N', are two levers moving cn proper axes at the Tower part of the macchin
as is shewn in the Drawings, and each of these levers at their upper end
carries a truck or roller, which respectively bear against the cams N, N, and
are caused to do so by the weights N°, which are respectively attached by
cords to the levers N', the cords each passing over a pulley, as is clearly shown
in the Drawings. The lovers N' are attached by links to arms descending
from the bar M, the connection by such link being by pin points, as is well
understood, and as is shown in the Drawings. O' is an arm affixed to the
spindle bar M', the back end of such ara carrying a truck or roller which
rests upon the canı O, by which means the independent neb bar is raised and
lowered. The shapes of the cams N, O, being shewn full size in the Draw-
ings, as well as in their places in the machine on a smaller scale, no further
description will be required. We would here remark that there are other
movements consequent on these produced to the levers N', but as they relate
to movements produced by another combination of parts for effecting a parti-
cular end, the description thereof will more conveniently come in when
explaining such other parts. P. P¹, are two stump point bars which are
employed to put on the lap of the warp threads, and at the same time
o keep them equally spaced, and they, in fact, act in substitution for
he two ordinary guide bars; but by this mode of using points the warp

page_text: threads are enabled to traverse and perform a circuit, and cross cach
other diagonally from selvage to selvage in a similar manner to the traverse
threads of twist lace machinery, whether they be traverse bobbin machines or
traverse warp twist lace machines. P is the upper point bar, and P¹ is the
lower point bar; and in the working of the machine, one or other, or both of
these sets of points are in between the warp threads, whereby, notwithstanding
the traversing of the bobbins which contain the threads, the threads will
be retained correctly for working with the needles, and the crossing of the
threads over the needles or lapping takes place by the shogging or moving
endwise of the point bars; and when so acting the top row of points is inserted
into the upper row of threads, and the lower row of points P¹ is inserted into
the lower row of threads; consequently, the upper and the lower rows
of threads can be moved in opposite directions; and it may be here stated
that it is peculiar to the working of this machine, that the warp threads at
one time are operating as the upper row of warp threads when traversing
in one direction, and they, at other times, when traversing in the opposite
direction, form the lower row of warp threads, and in perfortning such traversing
action or circuit the threads proceed diagonally across from selvage to selvage.
The upper point bar P slides in hearings at the two ends of the machine, and
Is actuated by a lace wheel Q, the other end of the bar P being pressed
against by a spring which constantly keeps the bar P against the lever which
is moved by the lace wheel Q, as is well understood, and shewn in the
Drawings. The nature of the points carried by the bars P, P¹, being shewn
full size, their nature will readily be understood. Rare arms affixed to
a spindle bar R, and the upper point bar P is suspended on such arms, R1, R2,
being a stop to prevent the point bar P descending too low, such stop being
affixed to the bar Rs. S is an arm affixed to the upper point bar P, which
has a pin passing through its other end, which pin is affixed in one of the
arms R, and the length of the arms R¹ being capable of adjustment, the
upper point bar P will be correctly placed, and as shewn in the Drawings.
The bar R³ acts as a frame for carrying the point bars P, P', such bar R
having peculiar movements produced thereto, as hereafter explained. The
bar R³ is turned at right angles from the back towards the front of the
machine, and under each end thereof is placed a truck or roller which
respectively move along a horizontal plate or surface on the end framings A of
the machine, and there is also another horizontal plate about half way between
the two end framings of the machine, such other horizontal plate being affixed
to a projection at the back of the needle bar, and there is a truck or roller or
an axis carried by a projection from the bar R³. On the frame or bar R³ are

page_text: affixed two bent arms P, by which the lower point bar P¹ is connected to the
bar or frame R3, the point bar P¹ being connected by means of pins P³, which
respectively pass through holes formed in the ends of the arms P. The two point
bars have projections, or are turned at right angles to the bars, so as to offer sur-
faces to be acted on by their respective lace wheels Q, Q', and the round necks at
the ends of the bars rest in bearings formed in the ends of the frame or bar R³:
Hence, it will be seen that the bar R', and the point bar P, P', act all together
as one frame, excepting in respect to the point bars having independent endway
motion communicated to them by their lace wheels for lapping the threads across
the needles, but in other respects the points go together, and are at all times
at the same distance apart, whereby when the frame R3 is moved, as hereafter
explained, the points will be either one row of points in the upper row of
threads, and the lower row of points in the lower row of threads, and be in a
position to allow of the endway motion in opposite directions, or else one row
of points will enter both the upper and lower rows of thread, whilst the other
row of points goes out of the threads altogether, and the cuts of the wheels
Q, Q', are such as to ensure the points keeping correct to each other, and at
proper intervals to cause them to lap the threads across the needles; the wheels
Q, Q', being shewn full size, their cuts will readily be understood. T is a cam
affixed on the back shaft, and is for giving motion to the frame R³, and con-
sequently to the point bars P, P¹. The cam T is constantly working against
a truck or roller carried by the lever T', such lever having its fulcrum at
the back of the machine T, and the lever T is connected by a link to an arm
affixed to the bar or frame R, and the bar frame R is counterbalanced by
means of a weight which is attached by a cord to the same arm as the
connecting link just described, and the cord passes over a pulley near the
ceiling, but which are not shewn in the Drawing. By this arrangement the
bar or frame Rs, and the point bars P, P', receive an up and down motion on
the axes of the trucks or rollers, which carry the frame R³ by means of
the cam T, which is shewn separately full size in the Drawings; and the
frame R³ receives a to and fro movement from front to back of the
machine by means of arms V affixed to the bar M of the independent
neb bar, the arms V being connected by links V₁ to the bar or frame R³,
consequently they go together in their motion from and to the front of the
machine, and the frame or bar R is enabled to move to and from the front of
the machine on the three trucks or rollers before explained, moving on
horizontal plates.
We will now proceed to describe the mode of arranging the parts which move
the threads, and also the apparatus which carry the bobbins on which the threads

page_text: are wound. U is a spindle bar, which moves on points at each end, and also
on an axis about the middle of its length, such points and axis respectively
entering suitable holes in three arms of the spindle bar U, and such arms
carry the bar U'; but such bar is capable of turning in those arms, as
bearings U are five arms affixed to the bar U', and have the grooved bar W
affixed to their upper ends. In this grooved bar W slide the carriers of the
upper row of warp threads; the nature of such thread carriers will be hereafter
explained. X, X, are bent arms, which are affixed to the bar U', and such
arms carry the horizontal bar X which is affixed to them, and the horizontal
bar Xhas five arms X aflixed thereon, to which is affixed the horizontal
grooved bar W', in which the carriers of the warp thread (which for the time
being act as the lower row of warp threads) slide. Y, Y, are the thread
carriers; they each consist of a stem Y', which slides in the groove bars W, WI,
there being a thin plate or projection of the upper part thro' which as many
holes are drilled as there are threads to be carried by a carrier. The machine
is shewn to be at work with thread carriers, each carrying twenty threads, and
each carrier is one inch long; but it will readily be seen that the number of
threads carried by each carrier, as well as the length of the carrier, may be
varied. At each end of the carrier there is a projection, by which the threads of
one cannot fall off and become entangled with those of the other. The carriers
being shewn separately full size in the Drawings, as well as in their places on a
smaller scale, their construction will readily be understood. The threads from
the carriers Y in the grooved bar W pass over a rod W², which is carried by the
bar W at intervals, and the ends of the rod, for about one inch, have half
their thickness removed to allow of a portion of a similar rod at each
end to come in and receive the threads of one carrier when about to descend
or ascend, as hereafter explained. The bars W, W', require an up and down
motion, and also a motion to and from the needles, the object of which is, by
the up and down motion, to aid the points on the bars P, P¹, to make the
laps of the warp threads on to the needles, and the motion from and to the
needles is in order to allow of the work being knocked off the needles by the
sinkers without slackening the threads, and they go in towards the needles
when the loops last made are being carried on to the stems of the needles by
the nebs. Z is a cam affixed on to the back shaft H, and is for the purpose
of causing the bars W, W', to rise and fall. This cam works against a
truck or roller carried by the lever Z', which has its fulcrum at the back of
the machine, as is shewn in the Drawings, and the lever Z' is connected by a
link Z to a projection or arm affixed at the back of the spindle bar U, such
connection being by pin joints, as is clearly shewn.
The cam Z being shewn

page_text: full size, as well as in its place in the machine on a smaller scale, in various
Figures of the Drawing, its shape and action will readily be traced. a is a
cam affixed on the back shaft II, and is for the purpose of causing the
bars W, W, to move to and from the needles.
The cam a moves against
the truck or roller carried at the upper end of the lever a', which lever
has its fulcrum at the lower part, and at the back of the machine, as is
clearly shown; and the upper end of the lever a¹ is connected by means
of a link a to a bent arm affixed on a horizontal bar a³, which is affixed
to and carried by the bent arms a', which are affixed to the bar U', as
will be readily traced on the Drawings. It may here be stated, that according
to the number of threads which the thread carriers are found to carry, so is
the number of threads wound on each bobbin, for it will be seen that there is
a bobbin to each thread carrier, and the bobbins traverse as well as the thread
carriers. The bobbins are carried in a proper frame, which may be called a
carriage. b, b, are the bobbins, which consist of two side plates, with a cylin-
drical axle between them to carry the thread, and they have short projecting
axes or necks which rest and turn in the slits or openings in the frame or
carriage. are four projections formed on one of the side plates of the
bobbin. These are for holding the bobbin to prevent its giving off thread,
excepting at such times as permitted, as will be hereafter explained. The
frame 6, which carries the bobbins, consists of two side plates joined by lead or
other convenient means, as is shewn in the Drawing. From the side plates
descend two projections bs, which turn outwards at right angles, as is shewn
at 6+, and the parts b' carry the axle of the lever, which consists of two side
plates which move on the axis carried by the part of the frame or carriage
of the bobbin. The two parts of the lever are joined together by a pin, as
is shown, and the outer end of the lever is formed into a hook to receive the
weighted rod for giving equal tension to the threads, for it will be seen that
the threads pass under the pin which affixes the two plates of the lever
together; consequently any pressure of the lever will be à pressure to the
thread, supposing the thread to be secured from unwinding from the bobbin,
which, as above stated, is the case, excepting at particular times. c, d, are
two bars fixed across the machine from end to end, and they are made fast to
the end framing of the machine, as is shewn in the Drawings, c being the
front bar and d the back bar. c', d', are two other bars, which are placed
between the bars c, d, and they are carried by the under frames or bars d²,
which are affixed to the bars c, d, there being uprights from the under frame
or bars d affixed to the bars c', a', but which are not shewn in the Drawings;

page_text: and it will also be seen that these bars c, c', and d, d', form two frames along
and on which the carriages with their bobbins travel, the bars c, c', and d, d',
being so formed as to act as guides as well as offering bars, on which the car-
riages slide, and the apparatus is so arranged that in the working of the
machine one portion of the carriages with their bobbins will be traversing in
the direction of left to right, and constitute the upper row of warp threads,
and the other portion will at the same time be travelling from right to left,
and constitute the lower row of warp threads; and as the carriages occa-
sionally come beyond the bars e, c', and d, d', they will be received at the right-
hand end by suitable apparatus and carried across from the front bars c, c¹, to
the back bars d, d', and the carriages as they arrive at the left-hand end of
the bars d, d', they will be received by suitable apparatus and carried across
from the bars d, d', to the bars c, c¹, and by such means a constant circuit
will be performed by the carriages in conjunction with the looping process
which is taking place with the threads on the needles; and the thread
carriers are carried from front to back and from back to front by suitable
apparatus as fast as they arrive at the ends of the bars W, W', in like manner
to their respective bobbins, and at the same times. e, e', are two bars which
weight the threads. These bars lie in the loops or recesses formed at the end
of the levers 6 of the bobbin carriages. f,f, are arms affixed to the front bar e,
such arms ff, being attached by pin joints to the two arms f, f, affixed to the
spindle bar f, which turns in bearings carried by the under bars or frames of
the bars c, d, as is shewn in the Drawing. f3 is an arm aflixed to the spindle
bar f, by which any required weighting may be applied to the threads coming
from the bobbins. The back bar e it similarly acted on, and the parts are
respectively marked by the same letters of reference as those used for the
front bar e. The mode in which the letting off of the threads from the
bobbins is accomplished is as follows:-In each of the spindle bars f³ to the
rods e, e', is affixed an arm 9, and the two arms g are connected together by
means of a rod h, the rod h being attached by a pin joint to the front arm g,
and the rod h has a slot at the other end, which moves on a pin in the arm g of
the bar e', hence the thread, as it is worked into a fabric by the working of the
machine, draws up the two rods or bars e, e', and by this means lifts the rod h.
from about the middle of which proceeds a fixed stud h', which acts against
the inclined propi, which moves on an axis at its lower end. This prop is at
all times drawn towards the back of the machine by a spring; and the prop
has a stop formed thereon, which at times supports the sliding bar j, which
slides in staples affixed on one of the uprights ; and there is a projection

page_text: from the left-hand side of the sliding bar, which coming in the stop i¹ of the
prop is supported thereby, and so long as it is so supported there will be no
unwinding of the threads from off the bobbins, but so soon as the rods or
bars e, e¹ have been raised to a certain height, and have consequently caused
the rod to be lifted up to an extent to push away the press i from under the
sliding bar, that bar will descend and a projection at the upper end and at the
right-hand side of the sliding bar, having an adjusting screw through it, will
come into a position to be acted on by an arm affixed on the bar U¹, and by
such means in the working of that bar the driver j connected to the sliding
bar will thus give motion to the ratchet wheel k, till the bars e, e¹, descend
(from there having been thread permitted to be unwound by their weight
from the bobbins), until the stud on the rod h permits the spring to draw the
prop i under the projection from the left-hand side of the sliding bar j, and
thereby hold it out of the way of the working of the arm in the bar U, till by
the working up of the thread into a fabric the prop i is again removed. The
ratchet wheel is affixed on an axis which turns in bearings in the uprights j'.
On the same axis as the ratchet wheel k is affixed, there are also affixed three
wheels which are moved when the ratchet wheel is moved, and the object of
such three wheels is to govern and control the working of certain apparatus
for giving motion to two double catch bars, by means of which the bobbins b
are prevented turning to give off thread, excepting when released for a dis-
tance equal to a quarter of a revolution of the bobbins by the catch bars at
intervals, when by the working up of the thread into a fabric by the machine
the bars c, e', are raised, and cause the ratchet wheel k to be put in motion,
as above explained. The catch bars 1, 1, move on axes carried by bearings in
arms or projections affixed to the bars c' and d, and the catch bars are actuated
by means of levers m, m¹, the lever m working the front catch bar l, and the
lever m working the back catch bar ; and it will be seen that there is a project-
ing finger aflixed to each of the catch bars, which passes between two studs
affixed at the upper parts of the levers m, m', consequently when these levers are
moved they will actuate the catch bars 1, . The levers m, m', have their axes
of motion at m², as is shewn in the Drawings, and the lower ends of such levers
m, m¹, are connected by means of a link m³, which has proper means of adjust-
ment, and hence the two levers m, m³, will at all times go together, and thread
will be unwound off the back and front bobbins at the same time. On the lower
end of the lever m is a stud m', which is alternately borne up by a rise or promi-
nence on the wheel n on the axis of the ratchet wheel k, or it is in one of the
hollows or recesses, the object of which arrangement is, that the strain of the
threads in one direction is to overcome the catch bars, and which is prevented

page_text: by the stud on the lower part of the lever m resting against a rise on the
wheel n; the wheels o and o¹ have the same number of rises or prominences,
and hollows or recesses to each other, and they respectively act on the
levers p, p, which move on axes carried by the floor; and these levers are con-
stantly drawn towards their wheels v, vl, by strong springs, and such levers
p, p', act on two studs q, q', attached to the connecting link which connects the
levers m, m', in the following manner :-On each of the levers p, p, there is a
projecting stud, which is alternately on a rise or in a recess or fall of its wheel;
and as the wheels o, o', are so placed on their axis, that one offers a rise when
the other offers a fall or recess to the stud projecting from its lever p or p', it
will follow that as one lever p or pl is permitted by its wheel o or o¹ to be
drawn into a recess, the other will be forced on to a rise, and thus will the
turning of the axis of the ratchet weel & give motion to the levers m, m', and
by doing so give motion to the catch bars, whereby thread would be allowed
to be unwound by the sinking of the bars e, e¹; but it will be evident that
whether the threads are prevented coming off or unwinding from their
bobbins, or whether for a short period of time they are unwinding by the
catch bars having hold of one of the projections of each of the bobbins, and
by the other blade catching hold of the next projection as it is drawn against
the other catching blade by the unwinding of the cotton, still the threads in
respect to the needles and the work produced thercon will at all times be
performed by the threads in the same state of tension.
We will now proceed to describe how the thread carriers are caused to move
in their circuit. On the back shaft H, at the right band end, is fixed a
bevelled toothed wheel r, which takes into and drives the bevelled toothed
wheels affixed in the shaft s'. This shaft s has affixed thereon the lace
wheels, which actuate the point bars, the nature of which will readily be
traced in the Drawings, where these wheels are shewn full size, as well as on
a smaller scale in their places in the machine; and on the arm s' is affixed
the cam t, which acts on the truck or roller carried on the outer end of the
lever t', such lever having its fulcrum at t on the needle bar. v is a link or
rod connected by a pin joint to the lever t', and by it is raised and lowered,
and at the lower end the link or rod is guided in a bracket v', and the link
or rod v has a driver v on a stud or axis carried by a cranked projection
affixed to the lower end of the link or bar v, such driver being at all times
pressed towards the ratchet wheel u, which is aflixed to an axis u², which
turns in bearings in projections u affixed to the right-hand end framing A,
as is shewn in the Drawings. The ratchet wheel has teeth thereon of two
different lengths, as is shewn in the Drawings; and on the right-hand end

page_text: framing A is affixed a projection w, which stands nearly concentric with the
outer circumference of the ratchet wheel, and the driver is prevented
touching the teeth in its movement upwards until the driver rises above the
curved plate or projection w, unless the tooth offered be of such length as to
protude beyond the plate or fixed projection to, in which case the driver
will immediately in its rising take hold and drive round the ratchet wheel u.
By this arrangement the quantity of motion of the ratchet wheel, which will
be moved round by one movement upwards of the driver, will depend on
whether the tooth is a long or a short one; hence we are enabled to obtain
2
long or a short movement of the ratchet wheel, and consequently to the
parts which derive their movements therefrom by the same driver v2, which at
all times moves through the same space. On the same axis which carries
the ratchet wheel u are affixed two cams æ and (17), which being shewn
separately in the Drawings full size, and on a smaller scale in their places in
the machine, their shape and mode of working will readily be traced. The
cam a works against a projecting stud on the lower end of the lever a¹, which
moves on a fulcrum at a, and the lever a¹ is pressed on by a spring a¹, in such
manner as at all times to keep it up to its cam x. The object of this lever a¹
is to give motion to the sliding bolt y, which slides in brackets or staples
affixed on the plate (1), such plate being affixed to the bent standard (2),
which is affixed to and rises from the bar to which the arms which carry the
grooved bar Ware aflixed, consequently such plate moves with the bar W', as is
clearly shewn in the Drawing. The sliding bolt at the right-band end thereof
has a plate projecting down therefrom at right angles, in which is formed a slot,
in which a pin or projecting stud affixed to the upper part of the lever a¹
works, and causes the bolt to be slided to and fro; and it will be seen that on
the bolt y is affixed a projection y', which has a hole at its end, and by this
means it slides on the projecting pin y affixed on the upright (2), this
arrangement being made in order to ensure steadiness to the working of the
bolt y; and on the sliding bolt y there is another projection y³, which rises at an
angle from the front of the bolt y, and on this projection there is a short
projection y' at the right-hand side, which comes between two set screws or
adjusting screws carried by another sliding bolt hereafter explained; and at
the upper or outer end of the projection y is hinged a plate y, which is partly
formed of a straight surface and partly of an inclined surface, inclining towards
the back of the machine, which is shewn in the Drawing, and there is a
notch y formed in such plate, the object of which will be better understood
hereafter. (3) is a sliding bolt, which slides in staples or brackets affixed in
the same plate (1) as carries the sliding bolt y, and the sliding bolt (3) is for

page_text: the purpose of pushing the thread carriers from the right-hand end of the
bar W' to the left-hand end, and for that purpose it is cranked back at right
angles at the left-hand end, and has two projecting studs (4) and (5) affixed to
such cranked part. The stud (4), when pressed against the end thread carrier
on the back grooved bar W', causing all the carriers to pass from the right-
hand end of that bar towards the left-hand end, and the stud (5), forms a
continuation of the rod which supports the threads between the back and
front rows of threads, as will readily be understood on examining the Drawings.
The bolt (3) has a projecting fixed pin (6) on the right-hand side of the
cranked end, which pin passes through a hole in a short projection affixed to
the plate (1); by this means, aided by the brackets in which the bolt (3) slides,
the bolt (3) is kept steady in its movements. On the plate (1) is affixed a
projection (7), which is bent upwards, and this projection (7) carries the axis
of a short lever (8), such lever being pressed against by a spring (9) with a
tendency to press the left-hand end of such lever (8) away from the front of
the machine, but it is prevented going too far out by having a guage
screw (10) passing through it, which coming against a projecting stop from
the projection (7) holds the lever (8) correctly. Through a slot in the right-
hand end of the lever (8) is passed and affixed a pin or stud (11), which is
acted on by the plate y; and in the moving of such plate by its sliding bolt,
the inclined surface of the plate will press under the pin (11), and cause it to
rise up the inclined part of the plate ys, and then pass along the straight
surface of such plate till it comes opposite the notch y", where the stud or
pin (11) will fall below the plate y, and allow of the left-hand end of the
lever (18) being forced outwards by its spring. On the left-hand end of the
lever (8) is aflixed a pin or stud (12) at right angles to itself; this pin (12)
works in a slot or slit formed in the plate at the upper end of the small sliding
bolt (13). This sliding bolt moves up and down in an inclined track or
groove formed in the end plate (14) affixed on the end of the sliding bolt (15);
the sliding bolt (13) has affixed thereto the fork (16), which is capable of
receiving one of the thread carriers, when it is forced beyond the end of the
front grooved bar W, and, having received the thread carrier, descends with it
and stands opposite to the end of the lower and back grooved bar W, in
order to have the thread carrier pushed out of the fork (16) on to the grooved
bar W, and then to ascend and receive a fresh thread carrier from the bar W.
It will therefore be seen that the thread carriers are successively received by
the fork (16) from the front bar W, and carried down to the back bar W' at
the right-hand end of the machine. The sliding bolt (15) moves in staples
or brackets carried by the plate (1), and this bolt (15) is acted on in tho

page_text: following manner-It has, as before stated, two projections with set or
adjusting screws through them, between which the projection y' on the
sliding bolt y works, consequently the sliding bolt (15) depends on the
movements of the sliding bolt y for its movements, all which will readily
be understood on a careful examination and consideration of the Drawings.
The sliding bolt (3) is moved to and fro by means of the lever (-),
which moves on a fulcrum at (a), the lower end of the lever (2) having
a projecting fixed stud, which is at all times pressed by a spring (18)
against the surface of the cam (17) affixed in the axis of the ratchet wheel u;
and at the upper end of the lever () is affixed a projecting stud (19), which
works in a slit or slot formed in the plate (20) aflixed at the end of the
bolt (3). From the foregoing description, aided by the Drawings, it will be
seen how the thread carriers are moved from the right-hand end of the
machine towards the left-hand end of the machine, and also how the thread
carriers are successively taken from the front grooved bar W to the back grooved
bar W We will now proceed to the left-hand end of the machine, where
there is an apparatus for moving the thread carriers along the front grooved
bar W from the left-hand end towards the right-hand end, and also for carrying
the thread carriers (as they are successively pressed beyond the left-hand end
of the grooved bar W') from the grooved bar W₁ to the left-hand end of the
grooved bar W; on the left-hand end of the back shaft H is affixed a toothed
wheel (21), which takes into and drives the toothed wheel (22), which has its
axle affixed to the left-hand end framing; on the wheel (22) is affixed a crank
pin (23), to which is attached a connecting rod (24), the other end of such con-
necting rod being attached by a pin joint to the lever (25) which has its fulcrum
at (26), the other end of the lever (25) having a plate or box (27) hinged to
it, the upper end of which rests at all times against the side of the ratchet
wheel (30), and is caused to do so by the spring (28) which is affixed to it;
and to the lever (25) on one side of the plate or bar (27) is affixed a
projecting pin or stud (29), which acts as the driver of the ratchet wheel (30);
on this, as in the former ratchet wheel, there are two descriptions of teeth, one
set longer than the other, and the driver is prevented acting on the shorter
tee for some length of its movement by a curved plate (31) which is fixed
on a crank projection from one of the bearings of the axis of the ratchet wheel,
the object here, as before, being to obtain a series of short movements of the
ratchet wheel when pressing the thread carriers from end to end of the
machine, and long motions when carrying from one bar W to the other bar W
by the same continued length of movement of the driver which actuates the
ratchet wheel. On the axis to which the ratchet wheel (30) is affixed there

page_text: are two cams, which are shewn full size in the Drawings, as well as on a smaller
scale in their proper places in the machine. The cam (31) acts on a projecting
stud affixed at the lower end of the lever (82), which moves on its fulcrum (33)
at the left-hand end framing of the machine, and this lever is pressed on by
the spring (34), which at all times causes the stud at the lower end of the
lever to press on the working surface of its cam (31). At the upper end of
the lever (32) there is aflixed a projecting stud or pin (35), which works
between two uprights formed on a plate affixed (but capable of adjustment as
shewn) to the sliding bolt (36), which slides in brackets or staples affixed to
the plate (37), which is affixed to the upright bent standard (38), which is
affixed to the horizontal bar X', to which the arms which carry the back
grooved bar W are affixed, consequently the plate 37 moves with the bar W'.
The sliding bolt (36) is formed of two parts, the right-hand part being affixed
on the left-hand part, and there is a projecting stud affixed in front of the
bolt (36), which serves as a stop to the sliding frame (39), which is affixed in
front of the bolt (36), which serves as a stop to the sliding frame (39), which
is affixed to and moves with the bolt (40), which bolt slides in staples (41)
affixed on the plate (37); and it will be seen that the upper part of the
frame (39) consists of a short horizontal bar, which is turned down at right
angles at its right-hand end, and lies on a step cut in the bolt (36), the right-
hand end of each such bolt (36) being a fork capable of receiving and sus-
taining one of the thread carriers, and, in fact, such fork acts as a continuation
of the front grooved bar W, and the forked end of the bolt (36) acts to press
the thread carriers from the left-hand end towards the right-hand end of the
grooved bar W. The frame (39) being used simply to sustain the end thread
carrier from following the fork of the bolt (36) when that bolt is withdrawn, and
the frame will be withdrawn by the movement of the bolt (36) so soon as
the pin on the bolt (36) comes against the upright at the frame (39), and the
frame (39) will be carried in again with the bolt (36) owing to the bent end
of the frame (39) being pressed forward by the end of the bolt (36). It will
be seen that the frame (39) has a spring (42), which at all times presses on
the upper edge of the plate (37), and thus keeps the frame stiff to its work.
The thread carriers are successively carried from the back grooved bar W' to
the front grooved bar W at the left-hand ends thereof by the following
apparatus(43) is a cam affixed on the same axis as the ratchet wheel (30);
this cam, like the others, is shewn in the Drawings full size, and on a smaller
scale in its place in the machine. The cam (43) works against a stud fixed
on the lower end of the front lever (44), the other end of the lever being
cranked inwards towards the right-hand end of the machine, and has two

page_text: projections affixed near its end. To one projection (45) at the front surface
of the lever is affixed a plate (46), the upper end being bent to form an
inclined plane as at (47), which, ou being lifted, comes against a set screw (48)
passed through an arm affixed to the upright axis (49), such axis moving in
bearings carried by the upright to which the plate (37) is affixed, and tho
arm (48) is kept towards the plate (47) by means of a spring on its left-hand
side. On the upper end of the axis (49) is affixed a horizontal arm (50),
having an upright projecting pin (51) affixed thereto, which pin passes through
a slot formed in the small plate (53) forined on the front end of the short
sliding bolt (54), which moves in a horizontal groove or guide plate (55),
which is affixed to and is carried up and down by the vertical sliding
bolt (56), which slides in staples (57) affixed to a plate which is affixed to the
upright or standard which carries the other parts just above described; and
the small sliding bolt (54) has affixed at right angles thereto the fork (57),
which is the carrying fork for transmitting the thread carriers from the back
bar W to the front bar W, and the vertical sliding bolt (56) is raised up and
down by means of the projecting bent plate (58) affixed to the lever (44) at
the back surface thereof. By this arrangement of parts the thread carriers
will be successively received by the fork (57) from the back bar W', and
carried to the front bar W by that fork (57), and then progressively be pushed
from the left-hand end of the machine towards the right-hand end of the
machine, all which will be readily understood by a careful examination of
the Drawings aided by the description above given. The carriages of the
bobbins are caused to traverse at the same time as the thread carriers, and
in the following manner, on the axis which carries the lace wheels:-At the
right hand end of the machine there is affixed a bevelled toothed wheel (59),
which takes into and gives motion to the bevelled.toothed wheel (60) which is
affixed on the upright axis (61), which has suitable bearing affixed on the
right-hand end framing, and on the lower part of the axis (61) is affixed the
bevelled toothed wheel (62), which takes into and gives motion to the bevelled
toothed wheel (63) which is affixed on the short horizontal axis (64), which
turns in bearings (65) carried by the right-hand end framing of the machine,
and on the axis (64) are affixed two cams, the nature and shapes of which are
clearly shewn in the Drawings, the cam (66) acting against the truck or
roller carried by the lever (67), which moves on a fulcrum at the lower end,
as is shewn in the Drawings. (68) is a link which connects the lever (67)
with one end of the bell-crank lever (69), which moves on a fulcrum at (70),
the other end of the lever (69) pressing against an upright projection (71) of
a horizontal sliding bolt (72), and there is a like sliding bolt (72) at the

page_text: left-hand end of the machine, and each of these bolts (72) are for forcing
the bobbin carriages to traverse from end to end of the machine, but
in opposite directions. Thus the bolt (72) at the right-hand end of the
machine, forces the back bobbin carriages towards the left-hand end of
the machine, and the sliding bolt (72) at the left-hand end of the machine
forces the front bobbin carriages towards the right-hand end of the machine;
and these two bolts work in staples, as is shewn in the Drawing; and
the bolts (72) are caused to work together by means of a sliding bolt (73),
which rests at the left-hand end of the machine against the projecting
plate of the bolt (72) at that end, and at the left-hand end of the bolt (73)
it has a truck or roller on an axis affixed on the upper surface.
And
this roller is kept in contact with the lever (74), which moves on a fulcrum
at (75), as shewn in the Drawings; the other end of the lever (74), carrying
a truck or roller on an axis, presses against a projection on the bolt (72)
at the left-hand end of the machine, and there is a weight (76) attached
ya cord to the bolt (72), which is at the left-hand end of the machine, the
cord passing over a pulley, and by means of such weight there is at all times
a tendency induced to the sliding bolts (72) to move towards the end of the
machine. Each of the sliding bolts (72) has a press (77) affixed thereto, which,
coming against the ends of the carriages of the bobbins when the bolts are
pressed inwards towards each other, they will respectively push their rows of
bobbin carriages, but they will be drawn out of the way during the time the
carriages are being conveyed from the bars c, c', to d, d', or from the bars d, d',
to the bars c, c', by the weight above described, which is permitted to act on
the sliding bolts (72) by the cut of their cam, all which will readily be traced
on a careful examination and consideration of the Drawing. The cam (78),
which is affixed on the same axis as the cam (66), works the lever (79)
by the truck or roller carried by that lever, and the lever (79) has its
fulcrum at the lower end. (80) is a rod or link attached by a pin joint to
the lever (79), such link being at its other end connected by a pin joint to
the sliding toothed rack (81), which slides in staples affixed to projections at
the right-hand end of the machine, and the toothed rack (81) takes into and
drive the toothed wheel (82) affixed on the upright axis (83), which turns on
points (84) affixed to the right-hand end framing of the machine. On the
axis (83) is affixed the toothed wheel (85), which takes into and gives
motion to the sliding toothed rack (86), such rack being affixed to the sliding
rod or bar (87), which slides in staples or brackets affixed along the bar d.
On the sliding bar (87) are affixed two projecting fingers (88), to which
chains are affixed, which chains (90) pass partly around the pulleys (89), which

page_text: have their axes in proper bearings affixed to the bar d, and the two chains
(90) are respectively at their other ends affixed to one of the carrier frames,
by which the bobbin carriages are received and carried from front to back at
the right-hand end, and from back to front at the left-hand end of the
machine. (91) are the carrier frames to which the chains (90) are attached.
These carrier frames move on curved bars aflixed to the bars c, d, and are so
curved as in the passing of the bobbins from one point to another the threads
shall not hang slack, and in fact these curved bolts act in like manner in this
respect to the circular bolts of bobbin-net machinery. (92), (92), are cords
with weights affixed to the carrier frames in order to draw them, when per-
mitted, by the working of the cam towards the front of the machine, the
apparatus at each end for aiding the carrying across of the bobbin carriages,
being similar, excepting that one has to carry from front to back, and the other
from back to front. A description of the working at one end will be sufficient,
the parts at the other end being marked with similar figures of reference.
We will therefore suppose that a carriage is to be brought from the back to
the front, that is, from d, d¹, to c, c', at the left-hand end of the machine.
The carrier frame (91) consists of two side plates, which embrace the sides of
the curved bars (94), and these side plates are aflixed together by a top plate,
and from the inner plate of the carrier frame project two fixed studs, which,
when standing opposite the ends of the bars c, c, d, d', they correspond, and
offer continuations of those bars, and will consequently receive the bobbin
carriages when pushed off d, d¹, and when drawn across to the front bars will
correspond with the bars c, c', and allow of the bobbin carriage last brought
forward to be pushed off the carrier frame on to the bars c, c', and then the
carrier frame will go back and stand opposite to the bars c, c¹, to be ready to
receive the next bobbin carriage forced off; but as the bobbin carriage in being
forced beyond the bars d, d', will also be forced beyond the catch bars, some
provision is required to take hold of the projections on the bobbins till the bobbin
is safely delivered on the bars c, c, and engaged in like manner to the other
bobbins by the front catch bar, and also to keep the threads in the same
degree of tension as the others. On the upper part of the carrier frame is
affixed a short standard or projection (95), which carries the fulcrum of a
short lever (96.) On the inner surface of such lever are affixed two studs or
pins corresponding in distance apart with the catch blades of the catch bars;
and, in fact, the two pins (97) act as catch bars by taking hold of a projection
of the bobbin during the time they are carrying over a carriage, and its
bobbin (98) is a descending link or rod, which is attached by a pin joint to
the short lever (96), and passing between two projections (99); on the outside

page_text: plate of the carrier frame it has affixed to its lower end a projecting stud
or pin, which rests on and travels along a curved bar (100), which corre-
sponds with the curve of the bolt on which the carrier frame travels; and it
will be evident that according as the bar (100) is higher or lower, so will
be the stud at the end of the link or rod (98), and, consequently, the back or
front pin on the lever will be acting as the catch blade for the time being; and
the height or position of the curved bar (100) depends on the position of the
back catch bar, there being a projection (101) affixed to the end of the 'catch
bar, and such projection is turned at right angles towards the front of the
machine and by link and pin joints. The motion of such projection (101)
from the catch bars is connected to the sliding bolt (102), to which the
curved bar is affixed; and such sliding bolt slides in staples, as is shown in the
Drawing. On to the carrier frame is affixed a bent projecting finger towards
the back of the machine, and in such manner as to have an axis (103)
opposite to the axis of the levers of the bobbin carriages; and on to such
axis (103) is hung the lever (104), having two studs or projections, one
marked (105), which enters into and rests on the hook or recess of the lever
of the bobbin carriage when the same is being carried across, and the other
stud (106) rests on and is guided by the forked projections (107) affixed to
the back and front bars e¹, e, the nature of which is clearly shewn in the
Drawings. At the selvages of the fabric there are extra threads applied in
order to make up the compliment of threads for the front. The working of
the traversing threads otherwise when a carrier of threads protruded in front
or at the back beyond the opposite rows of threads a good selvage would not
be produced, but these selvage threads are at all times stationary, and lie
between the same spaces in the lower points at all times, there being 12 extra
threads at each selvage; and in order to work them properly with the tra-
versing threads a contrivance is necessary in respect to the nebs, and for this
purpose we apply one row of one lead of the outside or selvage nebs on a
lever, which has independent motion in respect to the neb bar, which at the
selvages has only one row of the nebs affixed thereon, the object being to
ensure the selvage threads entering the needles correctly, notwithstanding any
obliquity of position to which the selvage threads are at certain movements
liable. (108) are two bent or bell crank levers, one at each selvage; they
respectively move on a fulcrum at (109), carried by the arms from the neb
bar M, consequently the ueb bar and the levers go together; and on the
levers N¹ are affixed projecting fingers, having inclined planes (110), which
work against studs affixed on the bell crank levers (111), such bell crank
levers (111) moving on axes carried by the frame of the work roller, and the

page_text: bell cranks (111) at their other ends have slots which receive studs of the
bell cranks (108), and by this means give motion to the cranks (108), all which
parts and their movements are clearly shewn, and their manner of working
will readily be traced; and the only object of having such separate halves
of the nebs is, that those on the levers may gather up the threads cor-
rectly and then go together and work as if they were on one neb bar.
The taking up of the work is performed in the following manner :-(112)
is the work roller or beam, which turns on axes or necks at each end;
which are carried by suitable parts affixed to the top framing of the
machine. On one end of the roller is affixed a ratchet wheel (113), which
is prevented turning back by a click or catch (114), and the roller is
from time to time driven round by a driver (115) in the following manner:
(116) is a round iron rod or bar which lies in the work or fabric which is
finished, as is indicated by the Drawing, and thus keeps the fabric at all times
at the same state of tension; this rod or bar (116) descends as the work
increases in length between the needles and the work roller, and in descend-
ing the right-hand end of the rod (116) comes in contact with one end of
the bar (117), which moves on a fulcrum at (118), the other end of the crank
lever (117) acting as a press to the sliding bolt (119) to which the driver
(115) is hinged and borne up by a spring on its ratchet wheel, such
sliding bolts moving in staples, as is shewn in the Drawings; consequently
when the prop (117) is withdrawn from under the projection on the sliding
bolt, that sliding bolt will descend and be actuated by means of the rise and
fall of the bar which carries the arms of the back grooved bar W, and the
winding on will be continued till the bar (116) is raised out of the way of the
lever (117), when the other end will be drawn by a spring, and will again
come into a position, and act as a prop to the sliding bolt (119). The extra
selvage threads are placed in separate bobbins, which are carried by axes at
(120), and the threads are passed through holes in bent plates (121) affixed on
the arms which carry the neb bar, and thence the threads are passed through
holes in bent plates (122) aflixed on the lower point bar, as is clearly shewn
in the Drawing.
The machine as described is arranged for employing two threads to each
needle, that is, forty to the inch, whilst the needles are only twenty to the
inch, and each thread carrier is supplied with twenty threads; and in working
with the traversing threads, the cut of wheels cause the upper and lower points
to lay or lap a thread across each needle where there is a traversing thread
opposite the upper points lapping in one direction, and the lower points lapping
in the opposite direction; and in following the working of any particular thread

page_text: in the front, and which is traversing from the left-hand end of the machine,
it will be seen that by the course of working that particular (and all other
of the front threads) will be at each succeeding lap passed over and looped
by the succeeding neighbouring needle to that one on which it was last lapped,
and consequently such thread by lapping on a needle further to the right
hand at cach time of lapping will cause that thread to traverse the fabric
from selvage to selvage; and the same will take place with all the threads
in the front row, whilst a similar working will be taking place with
the back row of threads, but they will each lap over a needle further to
the left hand at each time of lapping, until they arrive at the selvage, when
they will be carried into the front row, and will then lap towards the right
hand.
The above working will produce a plain handsome fabric, which from the
peculiar circumstance of combining the operations of traversing the threads
diagonally, and looping them at the same time into each other, will allow of
being cut in any direction, and will not be liable of coming unlooped, as
fabrics made in the ordinary construction of warp machinery. In case it be
desired to make a fabric with only one thread to each needle, then each thread
carrier will have a thread opposite every other needle, those in the lower row
of threads interspacing those in the upper or front row of threads.
And orna-
mental patterns in checks may be woven by using different color threads, which
will readily be understood by supposing that the first bobbin in front (com-
mencing at the left-hand end of the machine) were of red thread, the second
white, the third red, and so on, until we arrive at the last bobbin in the back,
and at the left-hand end of the machine, which should be white. By working
the machine under such circumstances a red and white check fabric would be
the result, and it will evidently depend on the varied order and numbers in
which different colors are placed as to the fabric produced.
We would remark that in a machine composed of so many parts and
movements, that many of such parts and movements may be modified and
varied, and yet the character and peculiar working of the machinery be
retained; and we would have it understood that we lay no claim to any of
the parts separately of which the machine is combined, nor do we confine
ourselves to the employment of all the parts in the manner described, so long
as the Invention be retained; and we would have it understood that what we
claim is,―
First, the mode of constructing warp machinery, and in such manner
that the threads, in addition to their interlooping with each other, may bo
caused to traverse from selvage to selvage, as above described. And,

page_text: Secondly, we claim the mode of constructing and combining of the sinkers
with the presser bar and with the independent nebs, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Whiteley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty.
Inrolled the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty.