IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS FOR PIPES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Miguel Pinder, of Faro, Algarve, Portugal, but
at present of Walworth, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS FOR PIPES."
of
Sealed the 5th September 1871, and dated the 29th June 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Miguel Pinder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1871.
I, MIGUEL PINDER, of Faro, Algarve, Portugal, but at present of
Walworth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS FOR PIPES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in joints for pipes are as follows:-The ends of the
pipes are widened out or made bell-mouth shaped, the edges of which are
rounded and fit one against the other, one rounded edge coming against
the other rounded edge. They are pressed against each other in any
usual and well-known manner for such purpose, but I prefer to employ

page_text: an ordinary "union" for lead pipes or other soft metal pipes. The end
of each part of the union has of course to be suitably shaped to receive
the bell-mouth of the pipe which projects and forms a face metal joint.
Or I form a kind of stuffing box joint the screwed gland pressing against
a lining or ferrule fitting on the pipe and against the back of the bell-
mouth flange of the same. The screwed socket which receives the gland
fits on the other pipe and against the back of the bell-mouth flange
on the same. Or other suitable locking joints may be applied in order
to carry out my Invention.
In order to connect soft metal pipes to iron steam or gas pipes, I
either insert a screwed brass nipple into the elbow or T piece or socket,
the said nipple forming one half of the joint, or I employ an ordinary
iron nipple and connect one half of the joint to the same by screwing
into it. For flexible pipes I insert a flange with a cup shaped pro-
jection on each side, which projection is inserted into the end of each
pipe forming it into a bell mouth. The joint pieces fitting on the out-
side are connected together as before described. Or the flange may in
some cases be dispensed with.
My Invention is applicable to all metallic pipe joints now used, such
as pieces, cross pieces, knees, elbows, and nose pieces, as well as 'for
soft metal and flexible pipes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Miguel Pinder in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 29th December 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MIGUEL
PINDER, of Faro, Algarve, Portugal, but at present of Walworth, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto mic, the said Miguel Pinder, Her 'special licence
that I, the said Miguel Pinder, my executors, 'administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Miguel Pinder, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no

page_text: others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOINTS FOR PIPES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Miguel Pinder, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Miguel Pinder, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters of reference marked thercon, that is to say :-
My improvements in joints for pipes are as follows:-The ends of
the pipes arc widened out or made bell-mouth shape, the edges of
which are rounded and fit one against the other, one rounded edge
coming against the other rounded edge. They are pressed against each
other in any usual and well-known manner for such purpose, but I prefer
to employ an ordinary "union" for lead pipes or other soft metal pipes.
The end of each part of the union has of course to be suitably shaped
to receive the bell-mouth of the pipe which projects and forms a face
metal joint. Or I form a kind of stuffing box joint the screwed nut
or socket pressing against a lining or ferrule fitting on the pipe
and against the back of the bell-mouth flange of the same.
other suitable locking joints may be applied in order to carry out my
Invention.
Or
In order to connect soft metal pipes to iron, steam, or gas pipes, I
either insert a screwed brass nipple into the elbow or T piece or socket,
the said nipple forming one half of the joint, or I employ an ordinary
iron nipple and connect one half of the joint to the same by screwing
onto it. For flexible pipes I insert a flange with a cup-shaped pro-
jection on each side, which projection is inserted into the end of each
pipe, forming it into a bell-mouth. The joint pieces fitting on the
outside are connected together as before described.
in some cases be dispensed with.
Or the flange may

page_text: My Invention is applicable to all metallic pipe joints now used, such
as ▼ pieces, cross pieces, knees, elbows, and nose pieces, as well as for
soft metal and flexible pipes.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows my Invention as applied
to lead or other soft metal pipes joined by an ordinary union being a t
longitudinal section of the same. The end of each pipe a and b are
widened out and turned over the ends of the corresponding sockets e
and d, the former having a shoulder for the nut c or female part of the
union, and the latter d forming the male part of the union. The pro- ]
jecting ends of the pipes are pressed against each other and thus form
a joint.
Fig. 1a shows a drift or dolly made of hard wood or other suitable
material, which serves to open out and shape the ends of pipes to be
joined in this manner.
Fig. 2 shows a stronger form of union having deeper screw thread,
and both the male part d'and the female part e being made with
hexagon or square heads at h and k for the purpose of tightening up
the joint by means of spanners.
Fig. 3 shows my Invention applied to an ordinary T piece, in this
case the joints are made between the ends of the soft metal pipes, and
the end faces of the T piece which may be made of brass, gun metal, or
other suitable material.
Fig. 4 shows a union applicable for joining soft metal pipes on to iron
pipes. The female part e of the union fits on the soft metal pipe,
while the male part d which forms the joint against the soft metal
pipe and is also screwed inside to suit ordinary or any other iron pipe
thread.
Fig. 5 shows a union similar to the one last described, the male part d
of the union however being here made longer or formed with a special
socket for connecting on to iron pipe.
Fig. 6 shows a similar union as the foregoing, but having an outside
screwed part m on the male portion of the union for the purpose of con-
necting to an ordinary or other iron pipe socket.
Fig. 7 shows a bell-mouth shaped soft metal pipe forming a joint
against the flat end of an iron pipe.
Fig. 8 shows my Invention as applied to flexible tubing more par-
ticularly made of india-rubber. The ends of the two pipes a and b

page_text: are also here widened out or bell-mouth shaped by being stretched on a
ball socket piece o, on to which they are tightly pressed by ordinary union
with male and female parts d and e, but the said ends need not necessarily
meet, they are here shown stretched on the bell socket o, which has a
small flange against which the joint of each pipe end is made. The ball
socket may however also be made plain or without such flange.
Fig. 9 is an outside elevation of the same union.
It will be evident that larger flexible tubes will have to be joined
by means of spanners fitting on hexagons or squares, or by other well-
known means for such purpose and not as shewn here by means of milled
edges which is more applicable for small tubing.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am aware
that unions or fittings have heretofore been made to join pipes without
solder, and I do not claim the same, for example, by Jennings patented
in 1847, No. 11,728, but according to that Invention the lead or soft
metal pipe requiring to be flanged has first to be opened with a common
tin pin or mandril, and then to be beaten over with a mallet or hammer
which indents and hardens the metal making it impossible to obtain
a tight joint without a washer, so that it is expensive and perfectly
uscless as a joint where acids have to be conducted through the pipe.
Again, if the pipe is old and perished by beating it over to form the
flange, the pipe in most cases cracks under the operation, also the
edges of the union over which the lead has to be turned being quite
sharp often cuts the metal in forming the joint.
Now according to my Invention the union is made with a round or
bell-like mouth, upon which the metal is thrown smoothly by means
of a punch, the pipe is thrown back as into a mould and the strain
being at all parts alike or equal all round, it likewise prevents the pipe
whether new or old from cracking, moreover very little pressure is
required to bring the two smooth surfaces of pipe together to make a
sound joint, especially useful for acids, as no other material but the lead
pipe comes in contact with the liquid passing, but I do claim as my
'Improvements in Joints for Pipes,”-
"
-
Firstly. Forming the ends of two adjoining soft metal pipes of a bell-
mouthed flange shape as shown and described with reference to Figs. 1
and 2, the said shape being produced in one operation by blow or
pressure, substantially as hercin-before set forth.

page_text: Secondly. Forming the end of a soft metal pipe of a boll-mouth
flanged shape, which is produced as set forth in the preceding claim, and
forming a joint against the square or flat end of an iron or other hard
metal pipe, or against a nipple or socket connected on to the same as
described with reference to Figs. 3 to 7.
Thirdly. The drift or dolly of hard wood or other suitable material for
shaping the ends of soft metal pipes by blow or pressure for the purposes
named.
And fourthly. For flexible tubing the ball socket connecting piece as
described with reference to-Figs. 8 and 9.
In witness whereof, I, the said Miguel Pinder, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
Witness,
EDWP. GRIFFITH BREWER,
89, Chancery Lane,
London.
MIGUEL PINDER. (L.S.)