Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Ventress, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Timber Merchant, for the Invention of “Im-
"
Sealed the 23rd April 1875, and dated the 5th November 1874.

page_text: spindle may be placed above or below the table as required, and is
capable of being raised or lowered in its bearings so as to adjust its
position according to the length of cut required and to the work to be
done.
In some cases I use a fixed spindle, but I prefer an adjustable spindle
above or below the table. When the machine is to be used for all other
purposes except boring and slotting I place on each side of the spindle a
pair of rollers, one set being the feeding rollers and the other set the
taking-off rollers; they are driven by suitable gearing receiving motion
through pulleys and straps from any prime mover.
1
The cutters or saws which I prefer to use for sawing purposes are of
rectangular shape, with or without the corners cut off, the saw edges or
teeth being on opposite ends to one another and struck from the centre;
for some work it is necessary to have these saws 'swaged" or
strengthened at or about the centre; other forms of cutters or saws may ]
be used; for example, they may be S shaped, cruciform, flat ended,
double V shaped or triplet having three cutting edges, or of other such
like equivalent forms, in each case each cutting portion forming a
portion only of the complete circle.
The machine is applicable as a boring and slotting machine by having 2
a table at the side of the frame on which the wood to be cut is laid and
carried, the said table having a to-and-fro motion in both longitudinal
and transverse directions imparted to it. I prefer to use a cutter of an
elongated S section, and of such a shape that I am able to sharpen the
inside cutting edge instead of the outside, as heretofore, and by this 2
means I do not reduce the outside diameter of the tool, and at the same
time produce cleaner work, but of course I do not limit myself to this
form of cutter.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Ventress in the Great Seal Patent Office on 30
the 5th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
VENTRESS, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Timber
Merchant, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Ventress, Her special
licence that I, the said Robert Ventress, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Ventress, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WOOD CUTTING AND WOOD WORKING MACHINERY," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Robert Ventress, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Ventress, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to produce a machine capable of sawing
and otherwise cutting and working wood in a more efficient manner
than heretofore.
The Invention is as follows:-Upon suitable framework I fix brackets
to carry the spindle on which the cutting blades are keyed. This
spindle may be placed above or below the table as required, and is
capable of being raised or lowered in its bearings so as to adjust its
position according to the thickness of material required to be cut and to
the work to be done.
In some cases I use a fixed spindle, but I prefer an adjustable spindle
above or below the table. I place on each side of the spindle a pair of
rollers, one set being the feeding rollers, and the other set the taking-off

page_text: rollers, any or all of which are driven by suitable gearing, receiving
motion through pulleys and straps from the saw spindle.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a view in plan, and
Figure 2 is a view in side elevation of wood cutting and wood working
machinery constructed according to my Invention; Figure 3 is a section
taken through the line A, B, of Figure 2. A, A, are the brackets;
B, the spindle on which the cutting blades are keyed; C is the table of
the machine. The position of the brackets A, A, and consequently at
same time that of the spindle B are capable of being changed and
adjusted at varying heights in the following manner: - a, a, are screw
threaded spindles set vertically and working through holes or nuts a², a³,
in the brackets A, A; the spindles a, a, carry bevel wheels b, b, at their
lower ends in gear with other bevel wheels c, c, on the horizontal
shaft C', to which rotary motion is communicated by the hand wheel D,
by turning which the brackets A, A, are raised or lowered according to
the direction in which the wheel D is turned, and with the brackets the
spindle B moves: E is pulley on spindle B for driving same round:
On spindle B is fixed another pulley X, off which a strap passes to
pulley G; F is the centre at other end of spindle, which centre can be
raised or lowered and adjusted in any suitable position according to the
height at which it is intended for the spindle B to work; H, H, are the
feeding rollers, and I, I, are the taking-off rollers; K, K, are worm
wheels on the feeding roller spindles S, S, in gear with worms L, L, on
a vertical spindle M extending down to a bracket N, and there having
keyed to it a bevel wheel O in gear with a pinion P on horizontal shaft Q
carrying cone pulley R, round which a strap passes driven from cone
pulley Y on shaft Z, and thus a rotary motion is imparted to the feeding
rollers. The spindle S of the top feeding roller can be raised or lowered
as required in order to adapt the space between the feeding rollers H, H,
to the size or thickness of the material to be operated upon; for this
purpose the top spindle 8 is mounted in bearings T, T, free to slide in a
vertical direction in guides U, U, and suspended by rods which are
attached to a cross bar V, which by means of an adjustable screw v and
hand wheel nut v¹ is connected to a weighted lever W.
The machine before described is applicable as a boring and morticing
machine by having a table placed at the side of the frame on which the
wood to be cut is laid and carried, the said table being capable of
receiving a to-and-fro motion in both longitudinal and transferse

page_text: directions. Figure 4 is a view in end elevation of this apparatus as
applied to the machinery just referred to. Figure 5 is a detached view.
in front elevation of the same apparatus removed from the machine.
fis the table on which the wood to be worked is placed, where it is held
in position at top by the clamp g operated by the screw h.
The cutters or saws which I prefer to use for sawing purposes are of
rectangular shape with or without the corners cut off, the saw edges or
teeth being on opposite ends to one another and struck from the centre;
for some work it may be necessary to have the saws "swaged" or
strengthened at or about the centre, other forms of cutters or saws may
be used; for example, they may be S shaped, cruciform, double V shaped
or triplet, having three cutting edges, or of other such like equivalent
forms, in each case each cutting portion forming a portion only of a
complete circle.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are views of some of the forms which I
use with my machine. I prefer to use a saw or cutter of such a shape
as that shown at Figures 7 and 8.
-
Saws of the description just described are at each revolution free from
the cut, thereby reducing the risk of running by the saws following the
grain of the wood and consequently causing bad work; having such a
small number of teeth the time occupied in fettling or sharpening the
saws is by the use of my Invention considerably decreased.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not limit myself
to-the employment with my improved wood working machinery of the
precise forms of cutters or saws shewn and described, although I prefer
to use the forms named and illustrated, neither do I limit myself to the
precise arrangement of the machinery aforesaid, but I claim as my
Improvements in Wood Cutting and Wood Working Machinery,"-
66
First. The construction and employment of machinery for such pur-
poses wherein the cutting saws or blades are keyed upon an adjustable
or fixed spindle placed above or below the table and capable of being
raised or lowered in bearings, the said machinery being combined or not
with adjustable feeding and taking-off rollers, all combined and arranged.
3 substantially in the manner described and illustrated in the accom.
nanving Drawings.

page_text: Second. The employment of cutters or saws wherein the teeth are.
arranged in two or more sections or parts only of a complete circle, all
substantially as described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I, the said Robert Ventress, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of our 5
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.