IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edouard de Lagillardaic, of Lorient (Departement o
Morbihan), France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edouard de Lagillardaic at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1877.
EDOUARD DE LAGILLARDAIE, of Lorient (Departement of Morbihan), France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS."
My Invention relates to inkstands of the kind which have a reservoir for the ink,
with an air space above it and a conical tube either projecting down into the ink or
communicating with the lower part of the reservoir, into which tube the pen is
dipped, the object of my Invention being to cause the level of the ink in the
tube to be raised or lowered by altering the capacity of the air space in the
reservoir.
According to one construction for this purpose the inkstand is provided with an
air-tight flexible bag communicating with the air space, the bag being so formed.
that when collapsed it will remain so. By collapsing the said bag the air pressure
thereby exerted on the ink in the inkstand will force a portion thereof up into the
cup where the ink will remain so long as the bag is collapsed, while by distending
the bag again ink will be withdrawn. The bag is by preference made of caoutchouc,
and is of any suitable form that will allow of the one part being forced into the
other part by the pressure of the hand. Thus it may be simply of a spherical form,
so that by pressing down the upper hemisphere the lower hemisphere will enter it
in an inverted position; and to enable the parts more readily to retain that position
the part of caoutchouc at the junction of the two hemispheres is made somewhat
thinner than the other part. Or the bag may be of an elongated form with a band
separating the two hemispheres. and the interior surface of this band may be
formed with circular ridges, which when the bag is depressed fold over each other
and so retain the bag in the collapsed position; or the bag may be of a double
conical form, so that when collapsed the one cone will be inverted and enter the
other cone.

page_text: In order to facilitate the collapsing of the bag the part which is forced over the
other part is by preference made rigid so as to retain its form; this may be effected
either by making the part of thicker material, or in the case of caoutchouc by render-
ing it hard by vulcanising, or it may be fitted with a metal covering.
In all cases the bag is made of such a size that when entirely collapsed the air
forced out of it will just exert sufficient pressure to fill the cup with ink.
This Invention may be readily adapted to the ordinary small ink bottles by in-
serting into the bottom of the neck a tube reaching down to the bottom of the
inkstand, the neck thus forming the before-mentioned cup, while the air bag is
connected to another tube inserted into a small hole in the bottle at the side of the
neck.
According to another construction I raise the ink in the pen tube by first
enlarging the capacity of the reservoir so as to draw air into it, and then
diminishing the capacity, so as to give the air the necessary pressure to support a
small column of ink in the tube.
The enlargement of capacity may be effected in various ways. One way which
I adopt is to dilate a bulb or ball of caoutchouc, the interior of which is in
communication with the air space of the reservoir, and having by the dilatation
drawn in by the pen tube a certain quantity of air, I allow the bulb or ball
to collapse and so cause the ink to ascend in the pen tube. A flexible diaphragm
extending over the whole or part of the top of the reservoir may be employed
in this manner instead of a ball or bulb. I employ also a flexible diaphragm,
which may be of thin sheet metal circularly corrugated, to form the bottom of
the reservoir, and I depress it by a small rod extending down from the top of
the reservoir, the end of the said rod being covered by a flexible button so as to
make it work air-tight.
Instead of a flexible bulb or diaphragm, a piston or plunger may be drawn out
wards so as to draw in air, and then pushed inwards so as to compress the air for
the purpose of raising the ink in the pen tube, and in order to act in this manner
the whole reservoir may be made to serve as the plunger working within an outer
casing; the reservoir thus fitted or a separate plunger may be threaded as a screw
so as to be raised or lowered by turning it round, or may have wings working on
helical inclines for the same purpose.
Instead of fitting the plunger to work through packing for the purpose of making
it air tight, it may have attached to it the one end of a piece of elastic tube, the
other end of which is attached to the rim of the hole through which the plunger
works, the elastic tube stretching when the plunger is drawn outwards, and by its
elastitity drawing the plunger inwards when it is let go.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edouard de Lagillardaie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th August 1877.
EDOUARD DE LAGILLARDAIE, of Lorient (Departement of Morbihan), France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS."
My Invention relates to inkstands of the kind which have a reservoir for the ink,
with an air space above it and a conical tube either projecting down into the ink or
communicating with the lower part of the reservoir, into which tube the pen is
dipped.
According to my Invention I raise the ink in the pen tube by first enlarging the
capacity of the reservoir so as to draw air into it and then restoring the reservoir
to its original capacity so as to give the air the necessary pressure to support a
small column of ink in the tube.
The enlargement of capacity may be effected in various ways. One way which.
I adopt is to dilate a bulb or ball of caoutchouc, the interior of which is in commu

page_text: nication with the air space of the reservoir, and having by the dilatation drawn in
by the pen tube a certain quantity of air I allow the bulb or ball to collapse and 30
cause the ink to ascend in the pen tube. A flexible diaphragm extending over the
whole or part of the top of the reservoir may be employed in this manner instead
of a ball or bulb. I employ also a flexible diaphragm, which may be of thin sheet
metal circularly corrugated to form the bottom of the reservoir, and I depress it by
a small rod extending down from the top of the reservoir, the end of the said rod
being covered by a flexible button so as to make it work air-tight.
Instead of a flexible bulb or diaphragm a piston or plunger may be drawn out-
wards so as to draw in air, and then pushed inwards so as to compress the air for
the purpose of raising the ink in the pen tube, and in order to act in this manner
the pen tube or the whole reservoir may be made to serve as the plunger working
within an outer casing; the reservoir thus fitted, or a separate plunger may be
threaded as a screw so as to be raised or lowered by turning it round, or may have
wings working on helical inclines for the same purpose. Instead of fitting the
plunger to work through packing for the purpose of making it air-tight, it may
have attached to it the one end of a piece of elastic tube, the other end of which is
attached to the rim of the hole through which the plunger works, the elastic tube
stretching when the plunger is drawn outwards, and by its elasticity drawing the
plunger inwards when it is let go.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 shews a section of an inkstand constructed according to my said Invention.
The reservoir A provided with a conical pen tube C has a projecting nozzle a, on
which is fixed the caoutchouc bag B, which is by preference vulcanised while in
the collapsed position shewn in full lines, so that it will tend to retain that form.
The inkstand having been filled with ink to the level N, N, it will be seen that if
the bag B be dilated by raising it up by the hand into the position shewn in dotted
lines the increased air space thus formed will cause the external ai: to enter the
inkstand to a corresponding extent through the lower end of the ink tube C. The
bag B being then depressed so as to assume the collapsed position again, the in-
creased volume of air will cause the ink to rise in the pen tube to a height corres-
ponding to such increased volume, less that due to the compression of the confined
air, in consequence of the small column of liquid it has to support.
It will be evident that by dilating the bag more or less the ink may be made to
rise to a greater or less height in the pen tube, such as indicated at N¹, N¹¹, N¹¹¹, N,
and care should be taken that by the full dilatation of the bag the level of the ink
is not raised beyond that indicated at N, so that in operating the ink cannot be
made to overflow.
It is not necessary that the bag should of itself retain its expanded position, as
from the above description it will be seen that the operation of filling the ink tubo
is performed by first dilating the bag and then allowing it to collapse again. In
like manner it is not necessary that it should remain expanded for keeping the ink
withdrawn from the pen tube when not in use. In this case if, after having
dilated the bag so as to withdraw the ink from the tube, the inkstand be tilted into
the position shewn in Fig. 2 so as to leave the lower end of the tube uncovered, and
the bag be allowed to collapse again, the extra quantity of air will thereby be ex-
pelled from the inkstand, so that on placing it horizontal again it will be in the
same condition as shewn at Fig. 1, the tube C being almost entirely empty, and the
evaporation from the small surface exposed almost inappreciable.
From the foregoing it will be seen that my Invention consists virtually in so
constructing an inkstand that its capacity can be first increased to a certain extent
and then be brought back to its original volume for producing the effect described.
Thus at Fig. 3 is shewn an arrangement in which the caoutchouc bag is replaced by
a simple plug or stopper b of any suitable size fitted to work air-tight in the
aperture of the inkstand, as by raising the plug into the dotted position the

page_text: capacity of the inkstand is increased, and by forcing it in again the capacity is
again decreased.
Instead of causing the plug to work in and out of the inkstand it may be arranged
as at b', Fig. 4, to work in and out of a cylindrical projection on the inkstand com-
municating with the interior thereof by a hole o.
At Fig. 5 e is a caoutchouc disc fixed hermetically to the inkstand at its circum-
ference, a hole o being formed in the top of the inkstand beneath it. By raising
the disc by the stud d and then letting it collapse again, the capacity of the ink-
stand will be consecutively increased and decreased. The stud f may have formed
on it a plug that will close the hole o when e is collapsed, so as to prevent the iuk
from issuing through it under the disc if the inkstand be tipped.
At Fig. 6 the inkstand has a circular hole surrounded by a rim E into which fits
with slight amount of friction the loose pen tube C, which has an external rim
resting upon the rim E. The pen tube C acts as a piston, and is made of
such a length that when raised into the dotted position its lower end still dips into
the ink, so that if after being raised so as to increase the capacity of the inkstand it
be again depressed the ink will be forced up it to a corresponding level. Should
the tube C not fit quite air-tight into the rim E, so that by a slight leakage of air
the level of the ink gradually sinks in the tube again, this may be remedied by
repeating the operation from time to time; or an air-tight joint between E and C
might be insured by securing a short length of caoutchouc tubing g to each part,
the tubing being collapsed as shewn when the pen tube is depressed, and extended
when it is raised; or the outer surface of the pen tube or the interior surface of the
rim E may be covered or lined with caoutchouc.
In the arrangement shewn at Fig. 7 the pen tube C has a screw thread screwing
air-tight into the collar. The tube D has a piece of caoutchouc tubing / placed
upon it.
Fig. 8 shews an inkstand consisting of two parts, A and A', A¹ fitting into A,
with suitable packing between then for forming an air-tight joint. On the
part A are fixed four inclines passing through slots in A¹, so that on turning the
latter it rides up the inclines, and in being thus raised it increases the capacity of
the inkstand the extent to which A' is turned, being limited by the stop m.
In the arrangement at Fig. 9 the top of the inkstand can itself be raised into the
dotted position for increasing its capacity. At Fig. 10 a flexible or corrugated
diaphragm n is fixed above the bottom of the inkstand, which has a hole p, the
diaphragm being depressed by pressing on the rod g for increasing the capacity of
the inkstand.
In my improved construction of inkstand it is always possible, and even prefer-
able, to use a conical pen tube, as by means thereof a small volume of ink is pre-
sented to the pen in the most convenient form for affording the requisite penful of
ink at each dip. In the arrangement shewn respectively in section and plan at
Figs. 11 and 12, the flexible bag b fixed to the nozzle a is made of cylindrical form
at top, whereby it can be made of smaller size than in the spherical form, and is.
caused readily to assume the collapsed form shewn at Fig. 13, the collapsing being
effected without any shock that might cause the ink to squirt out.
When for transporting the inkstand the pen tube C is emptied by tilting the ink-
stand and collapsing the bag, an inkstand that cannot be spilt is obtained, as on
overturning it the small quantity remaining in the pen tube will flow along the
side of the tube and be caught in the small gutter d. The rim e preven tsthe
ink from overflowing should it be projected from the pen tube by a too sudden
depression of the bag or by an expansion of the confined air owing to the inkstand
being placed in or near a heated locality. In order further to prevent the pro-
jection of the ink by a too sudden compression of the bag the opening at the bottom
of the pen tube may be formed in a lateral position, as shewn at Fig. 14, so that
the ink is caused to shoot up the side of the pen tube, and is intercepted by the
gutter d.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim,―
First. The improved construction of inkstands whereby their capacity can be
consecutively increased and restored to its original volume so as first to draw
in a certain quantity of air, and then by means of such increased volume of
air to raise the ink in the pen tube, substantially as herein described.
Second. The various arrangements herein described and shewn on the Drawings
whereby the capacity of an inkstand can first be increased and then be restored to
its original volume, for the purposes herein set forth.
Third. The use for effecting the increase and decrease of capacity for inkstands
operating in the manner set forth in the first claim, of caoutchouc bags vulcanised
while in the collapsed state so as to retain that form, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edouard de Lagillardaie have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ED. DE LAGILLARDAIE. (L.S.)
Witness,
JULES ARMENGAUD,
of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23,
Civil Engineer.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edouard de Lagillardaic, of Lorient (Departement of
Morbihan), France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS."
Sealed the 7th August 1877, and dated the 24th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edouard de Lagillardaie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1877.
EDOUARD DE LAGILLARDAIE, of Lorient (Departement of Morbihan), France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS.'
My Invention relates to inkstands of the kind which have a reservoir for the ink,
with an air space above it and a conical tube either projecting down into the ink or
communicating with the lower part of the reservoir, into which tube the pen is
dipped, the object of my Invention being to cause the level of the ink in tho
tube to be raised or lowered by altering the capacity of the air space in the
reservoir.
According to one construction for this purpose the inkstand is provided with an
air-tight flexible bag communicating with the air space, the bag being so formed
that when collapsed it will remain so. By collapsing the said bag the air pressure
thereby exerted on the ink in the inkstand will force a portion thereof up into the
cup where the ink will remain so long as the bag is collapsed, while by distending
the bag again ink will be withdrawn. The bag is by preference made of caoutchouc,
and is of any suitable form that will allow of the one part being forced into the
other part by the pressure of the hand. Thus it may be simply of a spherical form,
so that by pressing down the upper hemisphere the lower hemisphere will enter it
in an inverted position; and to enable the parts more readily to retain that position
the part of caoutchouc at the junction of the two hemispheres is made somewhat
thinner than the other part. Or the bag may be of an elongated form with a band
separating the two hemispheres. and the interior surface of this band may be
formed with circular ridges, which when the bag is depressed fold over each other
and so retain the bag in the collapsed position; or the bag may be of a double
conical form, so that when collapsed the one cone will be inverted and enter the
other cone.

page_text: In order to facilitate the collapsing of the bag the part which is forced over the
other part is by preference made rigid so as to retain its form; this may be effected
either by making the part of thicker material, or in the case of caoutchouc by render-
ing it hard by vulcanising, or it may be fitted with a metal covering.
In all cases the bag is made of such a size that when entirely collapsed the air
forced out of it will just exert sufficient pressure to fill the cup with ink.
This Invention may be readily adapted to the ordinary small ink bottles by in-
serting into the bottom of the neck a tube reaching down to the bottom of the
inkstund, the neck thus forming the before-mentioned cup, while the air bag is
connected to another tube inserted into a small hole in the bottle at the side of the
neck.
According to another construction I raise the ink in the pen tube by first
enlarging the capacity of the reservoir so as to draw air into it, and then
diminishing the capacity, so as to give the air the necessary pressure to support a
small column of ink in the tube.
The enlargement of capacity may be effected in various ways. One way which
I adopt is to dilate a bulb or ball of caoutchouc, the interior of which is in
communication with the air space of the reservoir, and having by the dilatation
drawn in by the pen tube a certain quantity of air, I allow the bulb or ball
to collapse and so cause the ink to ascend in the pen tube. A flexible diaphragm
extending over the whole or part of the top of the reservoir may be employed
in this manner instead of a ball or bulb. I employ also a flexible diaphragm,
which may be of thin sheet metal circularly corrugated, to form the bottom of
the reservoir, and I depress it by a small rod extending down from the top of
the reservoir, the end of the said rod being covered by a flexible button so as to
make it work air-tight.
Instead of a flexible bulb or diaphragm, a piston or plunger may be drawn out-
wards so as to draw in air, and then pushed inwards so as to compress the air for
the purpose of raising the ink in the pen tube, and in order to act in this manner
the whole reservoir may be made to serve as the plunger working within an outer
casing the reservoir thus fitted or a separate plunger may be threaded as a screw
so as to be raised or lowered by turning 'it round, or may have wings working on
helical inclines for the same purpose.
Instead of fitting the plunger to work through packing for the purpose of making
it air tight, it may have attached to it the one end of a piece of elastic tube, the
other end of which is attached to the rim of the hole through which the plunger
works, the elastic tube stretching when the plunger is drawn outwards, and by its
elasticity drawing the plunger inwards when it is let go.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edouard de Lagillardaie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th August 1877.
EDOUARD DE LAGILLARDAIE, of Lorient (Departement of Morbihan), France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS."
My Invention relates to inkstands of the kind which have a reservoir for the ink,
with an air space above it and a conical tube either projecting down into the ink or
communicating with the lower part of the reservoir, into which tube the pen is
dipped.
According to my Invention I raise the ink in the pen tube by first enlarging the
capacity of the reservoir so as to draw air into it and then restoring the reservoir
to its original capacity so as to give the air the necessary pressure to support a
small column of ink in the tube.
The enlargement of capacity may be effected in various ways. One way which
adopt is to dilate a bulb or ball of caoutchouc, the interior of which is in commu-

page_text: nication with the air space of the reservoir, and having by the dilatation drawn in
by the pen tube a certain quantity of air I allow the bulb or ball to collapse and so
cause the ink to ascend in the pen tube. A flexible diaphragm extending over the
whole or part of the top of the reservoir may be employed in this manner instead
of a ball or bulb. I employ also a flexible diaphragm, which may be of thin sheet
metal circularly corrugated to form the bottom of the reservoir, and I depress it by
a small rod extending down from the top of the reservoir, the end of the said rod
being covered by a flexible button so as to make it work air-tight.
Instead of a flexible bulb or diaphragm a piston or plunger may be drawn out-
wards so as to draw in air, and then pushed inwards so as to compress the air for
the purpose of raising the ink in the pen tube, and in order to act in this manner
the pen tube or the whole reservoir may be made to serve as the plunger working
within an outer casing; the reservoir thus fitted, or a separate plunger may be
threaded as a screw so as to be raised or lowered by turning it round, or may have
wings working on helical inclines for the same purpose. Instead of fitting the
plunger to work through packing for the purpose of making it air-tight, it may
have attached to it the one end of a piece of elastic tube, the other end of which is
attached to the rim of the hole through which the plunger works, the elastic tube
stretching when the plunger is drawn outwards, and by its clasticity drawing the
plunger inwards when it is let go.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 shews a section of an inkstand constructed according to my said Invention.
The reservoir A provided with a conical pen tube C has a projecting nozzle a, on
which is fixed the caoutchouc bag B, which is by preference vulcanised while in
the collapsed position shewn in full lines, so that it will tend to retain that form.
The inkstand having been filled with ink to the level N, N, it will be seen that if
the bag B be dilated by raising it up by the hand into the position shewn in dotted
lines the increased air space thus formed will cause the external air to enter the
inkstand to a corresponding extent through the lower end of the ink tube C. The
bag B being then depressed so as to assume the collapsed position again, the in-
creased volume of air will cause the ink to rise in the pen tube to a height corres-
ponding to such increased volume, less that due to the compression of the confined
air, in consequence of the smail column of liquid it has to support.
It will be evident that by dilating the bag more or less the ink may be made to
rise to a greater or less height in the pen tube, such as indicated at N', N", N, N
and care should be taken that by the full dilatation of the bag the level of the ink
is not raised beyond that indicated at N, so that in operating the ink cannot be
made to overflow.
It is not necessary that the bag should of itself retain its expanded position, as
from the above description it will be seen that the operation of filling the ink tube
is performed by first dilating the bag and then allowing it to collapse again. In
like manner it is not necessary that it should remain expanded for keeping the ink
withdrawn from the pen tube when not in use. In this case if, after having
dilated the bag so as to withdraw the ink from the tube, the inkstand be tilted into
the position shewn in Fig. 2 so as to leave the lower end of the tube uncovered, and
the bag be allowed to collapse again, the extra quantity of air will thereby be ex-
pelled from the inkstand, so that on placing it horizontal again it will be in the
same condition as shewn at Fig. 1, the tube being almost entirely empty, and the
ovaporation from the small surface exposed almost inappreciable.
From the foregoing it will be seen that my Invention consists virtually' in so
constructing an inkstand that its capacity can be first increased to a certain extent
and then be brought back to its original volume for producing. the effect described.
Thus at Fig. 3 is shewn an arrangement in which the caoutchouc bag is replaced by
a simple plug or stopper of any suitable size fitted to work air-tight in the
aperture of the inkstand, as by raising the plug into the dotted position the

page_text: capacity of the inkstand is increased, and by forcing it in again the capacity is
again decreased.
Instead of causing the plug to work in and out of the inkstand it may be arranged
as at 6, Fig. 4, to work in and out of a cylindrical projection on the inkstand com-
mmunicating with the interior thereof by a hole o.
At Fig. 5e is a caoutchouc disc fixed hermetically to the inkstand at its circum-
ference, a hole o being formed in the top of the inkstand beneath it. By raising
the disc by the stud d and then letting it collapse again, the capacity of the ink-
stand will be consecutively increased and decreased. The stud may have formed
on it a plug that will close the hole o when e is collapsed, so as to prevent the ink
from issuing through it under the disc if the inkstand be tipped.
At Fig. 6 the inkstand has a circular hole surrounded by a rim E into which fits
with slight amount of friction the loose pen tube C, which has an external rim
resting upon the rim E. The pen tube C acts as a piston, and is made of
such a length that when raised into the dotted position its lower end still dips into
the ink, so that if after being raised so as to increase the capacity of the inkstand it
be again depressed the ink will be forced up it to a corresponding level. Should
the tube not fit quite air-tight into the rim E, so that by a slight leakage of ai
the level of the ink gradually sinks in the tube again, this may be remedied by
repeating the operation from time to time; or an air-tight joint between E and C
might be insured by securing a short length of caoutchouc tubing to each part,
the tubing being collapsed as shewn when the pen tube is depressed, and extended
when it is raised; or the outer surface of the pen tube or the interior surface of the
rim E may be covered or lined with caoutchouc.
In the arrangement shewn at Fig. 7 the pen tube C has a screw thread screwing
air-tight into the collar. The tubo D has a piece of caoutchouc tubing placed
upon it.
Fig. 8 shews an inkstand consisting of two parts, A and A', A' fitting into A,
On the
with suitable packing between them for forming an air-tight joint.
part A are fixed four inclines passing through slots in A', so that on turning the
latter it rides up the inclines, and in being thus raised it increases the capacity of
the inkstand the extent to which A' is turned, being limited by the stop m.
In the arrangement at Fig. 9 the top of the inkstand can itself be raised into the
dotted position for increasing its capacity.
At Fig. 10 a flexible or corrugated
diaphragm is fixed above the bottom of the inkstand, which has a hole p, the
diaphragm being depressed by pressing on the rod y for increasing the capacity of
the inkstand.
In my improved construction of inkstand it is always possible, and even prefer-
able, to use a conical pen tube, as by means thereof a small volume of ink is pre-
sented to the pen in the most convenient form for affording the requisite penful of
ink at each lip. In the arrangement shewn respectively in section and plan at
Figs. 11 and 12. the flexible bag 6 fixed to the nozzle a is made of cylindrical form
at top, whereby it can be made of smaller size than in the spherical form, and is
caused readily to assume the collapsed form shewn at Fig. 13, the collapsing being
effected without any shock that might cause the ink to squirt out.
When for transporting the inkstand the pen tube C is emptied by tilting the ink-
stand and collapsing the bag, an inkstand that cannot be spilt is obtained, as on
overturning it the small quantity remaining in the pen tube will flow along the
side of the tube and be caught in the small gutter d. The rim e prevents the
ink from overflowing should it be projected from the pen tube by a too sudden
depression of the bag or by an expansion of the confined air owing to the inkstand
being placed in or near a heated locality. In order further to prevent the pro-
jection of the ink by a too sudden compression of the bag the opening at the bottom
of the pen tubo may be formed in a lateral position, as shewn at Fig. 14, so that
the ink is caused to shoot up the side of the pen tube, and is intercepted by the
guiter d.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim,-
First. The improved construction of inkstands whereby their capacity can be
consecutively increased and restored to its original volume so as first to draw
in a certain quantity of air, and then by means of such increased volume of
air to raise the ink in the pen tube, substantially as herein described.
Second. The various arrangements herein described and shewn on the Drawing
whereby the capacity of an inkstand can first be increased and then be restored to
its original volume, for the purposes herein set forth.
Third. The use for effecting the increase and decrease of capacity for inkstands
operating in the manner set forth in the first claim, of caoutchouc bags vulcanised
while in the collapsed state so as to retain that form, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edouard de Lagillardaie have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ED. DE LAGILLARDAIE. (L.S.)
Witness,
JULES ARMENGAUD,
of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23,
Civil Engineer.