Improvements in the Manufacture of Brushes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1896
Improvements in the Manufacture of Brushes.
I, CHARLES BELL WALKER of Penny Bridge House Ulverston in the County
of Lancaster Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the manufacture of brushes whether flat or cylindrical it has been
necessary to drill holes in the body or stock for the insertion of the bristles
or fibres which have been secured by the alternative processes known as drawing
pitching or plugging.
The improvements herein described dispense with the operation of drilling and
substitute another method of attaching the bristles or fibres to the stock or
cylinder.
It consists essentially in constructing the brushes (whether of cylindrical flat
conical or other form) of a number of laths of wood or other material to which the
bristles or fibres have been stitched or sewn and then clamped or otherwise attached
to a suitably shaped stock.
In carrying out the invention I take laths or strips of wood or other material
preferably moulded into rabbet or other suitable shape and to the flat surface or
face of these laths I attach, by stitching, sewing or other means, the bristles fibres
or other material of which the brush is to be composed. The bristles or fibres are
placed in an even layer on the surface of the moulding the depth of which is cut to
correspond with the layer of bristles or fibres required. The stitching may be
performed by any machine capable of carrying out the operation such as those at
present employed.
The sections of the rabbetted moulding to which the fibres or bristles have been
attached are then placed face to face and secured together showing the bristles or
fibres in an unbroken line between them.
The brush sections so formed can be mounted in any required manner for the
formation of cylindrical conical flat or other brushes.
The laths may be moulded to any suitable shape to interlock if found desirable.
In constructing cylindrical brushes a number of these sections may be placed on
a cylindrical block or drum of iron or wood and held in position by means of
a clamping ring hoop or other device or they may be made of dovetail or other
suitable shape and slid into corresponding grooves or they may be otherwise
built up.
For street sweeping a number of such cylindrical brushes may be mounted on
one shaft to give a brush of the desired length.
Conical brushes of small size applicable for cleaning lamp gauzes or the like are
formed by taking cones of metal or wood into which are cut, longitudinally, dovetail
grooves. Into these grooves the brush sections, dovetailed in conformity with the
grooves in the cone are fixed.
Flat or hollow brushes may be constructed in a similar manner by mounting
together a number of the brush sections on a suitable stock or frame.
Dated this 23rd day of March 1896.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Bank Street, Manchester, Patent Agents.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Brushes.
CHARLES BELL WALKER, of Penny Bridge House, Ulverston, in the County
of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Hitherto in the manufacture of brushes whether flat or cylindrical it has been
necessary to drill holes in the body or stock for the insertion of the bristles or
fibres which have been secured by the alternative processes known as drawing
pitching or plugging.
The improvements herein described dispense with the operation of drilling and
substitute another method of attaching the bristles or fibres to the stock or
cylinder.
It consists essentially in constructing the brushes, (whether of cylindrical, flat,
conical, or other form) of a number of laths of wood or other material to which the
bristles or fibres have been stitched or sewn and then clamped or otherwise attached
to a suitably shaped stock.
It will be fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1. Sectional elevation of strip of wood showing the bristles or fibres stitched
thereto at both sides.
Fig. 2. Sectional elevation of another section of strip with the bristles or fibres
stitched to both sides.
Fig. 3. Sectional elevation of strip of wood showing bristles or fibres stitched to
one side-only:
Fig. 4. Sectional elevation showing grouping together of two strips similar
to Fig. 3 with the bristles or fibres placed together.
Fig. 5. Sectional elevation showing grouping together of two strips similar
to Fig. 3 with the fibres placed alternately.
Fig. 6. Longitudinal sectional elevation of cylindrical brush constructed of strips
similar to that shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7. Transverse sectional elevation of same.
Fig. 8. Longitudinal sectional plan showing method of stitching.
Fig. 9. Longitudinal sectional plan showing modified form of stitching.
Fig. 10. Transverse sectional elevation of flat sweeping brush.
Fig. 11. Side elevation showing modified construction with bristles or fibres
stitched to a disc.
Fig. 12. Side elevation of another modification.
Fig. 13. Sectional elevation of same.
Fig. 14. Section through line of stitches.
I take laths or strips A of wood or other material preferably moulded into the
shape shown in Figs. 1 and 3 so as to form a cylindrical brush as shown in Figs. 6
and 7 or a sweeping brush with curved face as shown in Fig. 10. The laths
or strips A may however be of any other shape that may be found desirable to
construct brushes of different shapes and for different purposes.
To the surface or face of the laths A. I attach by stitching or sewing B the
bristles fibres C or other material of which the brush is to be composed. The
bristles or fibres C are placed in an even layer upon the surface of the lath A
the face of which is rabbetted to a depth to correspond with the layer of bristles
or fibres required.
The bristles or fibres C are preferably stitched in with wire and the stitching
may be performed by hand or by a machine designed for the purpose. I prefer at
present to stitch the bristles or fibres C upon both sides by means of a single

page_text: endless wire 6 as shown in section Fig. 8 it is passed in the form of a loop through
the hole a and a tuft of bristles or fibres inserted in the loop. Where a single row
of bristles or fibres C are stitched on the lath A the wire b is looped round a second
wire b' on the other side of the lath.
The rabbetted laths A to which the fibres or bristles C have been attached are
then placed face to face and secured together showing the bristles or fibres in an
unbroken line between them.
The brush sections so formed can be mounted in any required manner for the
formation of cylindrical conical flat or other brushes.
In constructing cylindrical brushes a number of the laths A with the fibres or
bristles attached thereto are placed around a cylindrical shaft or block or drum D
of metal wood or other suitable material and are held in cylindrical position by a
clamping ring hoop or nut E see Figs. 6 and 7, or a block may be formed with
dove tail grooves into which the laths A will slide or they may be otherwise built
up into and held in cylindrical form. These cylindrical brushes may be made of
any length but for many purposes I consider it will be preferable to make them in
lengths of about 12 inches. For street sweeping machines and for other purposes
a number of such cylindrical brushes may be mounted upon one shaft H to give a
brush of the desired length.
For flat or hand sweeping brushes two three or more of the laths A may be
mouuted in a clamping frame G such as shown in Fig. 10.
Referring to Figs. 11 to 14 a modified arrangement of brush is represented in
which the longitudinal laths A have substituted for them discs A¹ to which
the fibres or bristles C are stitched as hereinbefore described. The bristles or
fibres C may either be laid on flat as in Figs. 12 and 13 or each tuft may be bent
so that all the ends of the bristles or fibres project as in Fig. 11.
Conical brushes of small size applicable for cleaning lamp gauzes or the like are
formed by taking cones of metal or wood into which are cut, longitudinally,
dove-tail grooves. Into these grooves, the brush sections dove tailed in conformity
with the grooves in the cone are fixed. Or conical brushes may be made by
mounting a number of discs such as A' of different diameters upon a shaft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A brush constructed or built up of a number of laths, strips, or discs to the
sides or face of which the fibres or bristles have been stitched substantially as
described.
2. A lath, strip or disc of wood or other material having fibres or bristles
attached along one or both sides for the purpose of building up or constructing
brushes substantially as described.
3. A brush constructed and arranged substantially as described and shown with
reference to either of the figs. of the drawings.
Dated this 19th day of December 1896
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool, and London, Patent Agents.