Improvements in Cellular Material for Packing and other Purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct, 1891-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cellular Material for Packing and other Purposes.
I, RICHARD HENRY QUINE of No. 1, Leaf Square Pendleton Salford in the
County of Lancaster Surgeon do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention has for its purpose the production of a material for packing and
other purposes which shall be cellular and in which each cell shall be entirely
independant of and disconnected from the others.
I preferably employ paper or similar fibrous substances, but for special purposes
I may employ rubber or compositions of fibre with rubber or cloth or other suitable
material. I also employ various thicknesses of these materials according to the
requirements.
I desire it to be understood that I rely upon the air enclosed within the cells and
not upon the nature of the material for giving the elasticity necessary to an
efficient packing substance.
The material being in the form of a sheet of the desired thickness I emboss it by
any known suitable process of embossing, and with any suitable pattern, the simplest
being that of a mere hemisphere.
I then take two pieces of such embossed material and attach them firmly-by
suitable machinery or by hand-to one another with the concave surfaces together
and with the embossed patterns corresponding. The cement or adhesive material
employed is preferably of a pliable nature when set and by causing the flat
portions of the sheets to adhere together the hollow portions form isolated
air cells.
By means of suitable machinery the embossing process can be combined with the
process of first manufacture of the material in sheets.
The size, form, and number or "pitch" of the embossed patterns is varied
according to the purpose for which the packing material is required.
Dated this 14th day of August 1891.
EDGAR CONISTON MILLS,
Agent to the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cellular Material for Packing and other Purposes.
I, RICHARD HENRY QUINE of No. 1, Leaf Square, Pendleton, Salford in the
County of Lancaster Surgeon do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object the production of a material for packing and
other purposes such as padding, cushions, pillows, beds and invalid's seats, which
shall be cellular and in which each cell shall be entirely independent of and
disconnected from the others.
For packing material I prefer to employ paper or similar fibrous substances, but
where damp has to be resisted or for packing valuable and fragile articles or in
other cases I may employ rubber or compositions of fibre with rubber or cloth or
other suitable material.

page_text: I also employ various thicknesses of these materials according to the
requirements.
I desire it to be understood that I rely upon the air enclosed within the cells,
and not upon the nature of the material for giving the elasticity necessary for all
purposes herein-before named.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 on Sheet 1. of the accompanying drawings illustrate some forms
of my invention as applied to packing material.
Fig. 1. shews a section of a single sheet of the material having the embossed
recesses a, a, which though shewn as hemispherical, may be of any suitable form or
pattern.
Two of such embossed sheets are firmly attached together as shewn in Fig. 2—
by machinery or by hand-the concavities being opposed and corresponding in
position. Thus the hollow portions bb form isolated air cells. A cement or adhesive
material is employed to attach the flat surfaces, which is preferably of a pliable
nature, such as rubber cement or plastic glue.
Fig. 3 is an exterior plan view of a finished piece of packing material shewing
the preferred arrangement of the cells.
One portion of my invention is the process of manufacture of the embossed sheet
material and consists of combining the embossing process with the first manufacture
by the introduction of a suitable embossing roller into the machine at the point of
"setting" or "fixing" or drying of the pulp or fibre or felt. The said embossing
roller may be an extra roller for the special purpose, or it may form one of the
squeezing or drying or callendering rollers, being opposed by a roller having a
corresponding pattern in recess or relief as desired.
The size, form and number or "pitch" of the embossed patterns is varied according
to the purpose for which the packing material is required.
Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 shew various forms of my invention as applied to cushions,
padding, pillows, beds, invalid's seats and similar purposes. I use any ordinary and
suitable textile or fibrous material rendered air-proof by admixture or coating with
rubber or rubber alone or other suitable substance. My present experience leads
me to prefer the use of animal or vegetable felt blocked into the desired shape and
rendered air-proof as above stated.
As shewn in section in Fig. 4 the complete cushion consists of three sheets, the
top ones c c and bottom ones d d being bent or blocked to the form shewn and the
centre one e e being an ordinary flat sheet, serving to bind the whole together and
to separate the cells f. f.
Fig. 5 is similarly constructed but with curved recesses forming cells in the form
of segments of spheres.
Either of these forms may be made without the central sheet e.
On Sheet 2. Fig. 6. shews a section of a cushion formed with two sheets only, the
air-cells being formed by the upper sheet g being bent or blocked as before and
hermetically attached to the bottom flat sheet h. In this case also the recesses may
be of the curved form as shewn in Fig. 5.
In Fig. 7. three sheets are also used, an additional flat top sheet i being placed
upon a cushion constructed as in Fig. 6.
In Fig. 8. four sheets are used, top and bottom flat sheets k and land bent or
blocked sheets m and n, no central sheet being used.
Fig. 9. shews a section of cushion in which five sheets are used, being constructed
similarly to that shewn in Fig. 8 but with a central sheet o.
In the forms of my invention shewn in Figs. 4 and 6 to 9 the air cells are intended
to be equal in length and width and in Fig. 5 to be circular. But I do not confine
myself to this, as the cells may be greater in length than width or may have
parallel sides and rounded ends or be oval or polygonal in form.
I form the cells preferably by blocking the sheets as above stated, but in some
cases I build them up by means of crossing strips of material and jointing the corners
by cement or by pieces cemented on.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The packing material whose elasticity depends upon isolated air cells, and
which cells are formed by the joining of two sheets having embossed recesses,
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2. The isolated air cells formed by the joining of two sheets either one or both of
which have embossed recesses, for the purposes herein before described and sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. Cushions, padding, beds, and other articles of similar uses constructed with
isolated air cells, such cells being constructed by the joining of two or more
sheets of material, embossed blocked bent or built to form recesses substantially
according to any of the methods herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings or in accordance with any mere modification thereof.
Dated this 14th day of October 1891.
EDGAR CONISTON MILLS,
Agent to the Applicant.