IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF SOLITAIRES, STUDS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Walter Henry Collins, of Great King Street, Birmingham,
Manufacturing Jeweller, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SOLITAIRES, STUDS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Henry Collins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1878.
WALTER HENRY COLLINS, of Great King Street, Birmingham, Manufacturing
Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLITAIRES, STUDS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention consists of a new and improved mode of fastening solitaires or
studs, composed of two distinct parts, and also for new and improved method of
fixing pearl, bone, ivory, wood, or other back to the pillar or barrel of the stud and
solitaires.
The stud or solitaire consists of two distinct parts, the lower part of which is
composed of an elliptical shaped pillar (so formed as to fit into the button hole in
shirt, wristband, or other article of dress intended to be fastened), and fastened to a
disc forming a shoulder to prevent it from passing through; inside the elliptical
pillar is fixed a short hollow cylinder, down one side of the inside diameter of
which is cut a slot or groove passing right through on the opposite side, and at the
bottom end of the hollow cylinder is a small notch or aperture cut in the thickness
of the cylinder beneath the cylinder, and between it and the disc is inserted a spiral
spring, to the top of which spring is attached a circular plate, the same diameter as
the outside of the hollow cylinder, which spring by its elasticity presses against the
under side of the hollow cylinder.
The upper part of the stud consists of the ornamental top or disc composed of
gold, silver, or any other metal or material, to which is attached on the under side
a small cylindrical metal stem, on the end of which on one side is a small pro-
jection corresponding with and fitting into the slot or groove in the hollow cylinder
of the lower part.

page_text: To fasten or secure the parts together the pillar of the lower or first-mentioned
part is inserted through the parts to be fastened, then the stem of the upper part is
inserted into the hollow cylinder, the projecting part fitting into the alot or groove,
passing through the cylinder and pressing down the spiral spring; then, by turning
the upper part half round, the projecting piece or stem will pass underneath the
hollow cylinder until it reaches the small notch or aperture, when by releasing the
upper part the pressure of the spring will force the projecting piece on stem into
the aperture in hollow cylinder, thus securing the two parts together. To release
or unfasten it the upper part is pressed down and turned half round, thus bringing
the projecting piece on stem into the slot in hollow cylinder, passing right through,
when it can then be drawn right out.
The second part of the Invention consists of an improved method of fastening
the backs of studs or solitaires which are usually made of pearl, ivory, or bone, as
being more cleanly and pleasant wearing next the skin than the gold, silver, or other
metal of which the stud is composed; this method is to cut or turn a groove in the
periphery or edge of the circular or oval disc, of pearl, ivory, bone, wood, or any
other material of which the back is made, and then to form a hollow metal cup
fitting into the diameter of the disc, and the depth equalling nearly the thickness
of the disc; the said disc is then inserted inside the hollow cup, and by the pressure
of a tool the diameter or rim of the metal cup is forced into the groove cut in the
periphery of the disc, thus firmly uniting the metal and pearl or other material,
the former forming a good basis for soldering or brazing on the pillar of stud or
solitaire.
This method of fastening on the pearl or other material may be applied to all
other studs, and solitaires, and other similar articles made otherwise than in two
distinct parts, or with spring fastening.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Henry Collins in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th October 1878.
WALTER HENRY COLLINS, of Great King Street, Birmingham, Manufacturing
Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLITAIRES, STUDS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention consists of fastening solitaires or studs composed of two distinct
parts, and also for new and improved method of fixing pearl, bone, ivory, wood, or
other back to the pillar barrel of the studs and solitaires.
:
The stud or solitaire consists of two distinct parts, the lower part of which is
composed of an elliptical shaped pillar (so formed as to fit into the button hole in
shirt, wristband, or other article of dress intended to be fastened), and fastened to
a disc forming a shoulder to prevent it from passing through; inside the elliptical
pillar is fixed a short hollow cylinder, down one side of the inside diameter of which
is cut a slot or groove passing right through on the opposite side, and at the bottom
end of the hollow cylinder is a small notch or aperture cut in the thickness of the
cylinder beneath this cylinder, and between it and the disc is inserted a spiral spring,
to the top of which spring is attached a circular plate the same diameter as the
outside of the hollow cylinder, which spring by its elasticity presses against the
under side of the hollow cylinder.
The upper part of the stud consists of the ornamental top or disc composed of
gold, silver, or any other metal or material, to which is attached on the under side a
small cylindrical inetal stem, on the end of which on one side is a small projection
corresponding with and fitting into the slot or groove in the hollow cylinder of the
lower part.
To fasten or secure the parts together the pillar of the lower or first-mentioned
part is inserted through the parts to be fastened, then the stem of the upper part
is inserted into the hollow cylinder, the projecting part fitting into the slot or
groove, passing through the cylinder and pressing down the spiral spring, then by
turning the upper part half round, the projecting piece on stem will pass under-
neath the hollow cylinder until it reaches the small notch or aperture, when by
releasing the upper part the pressure of the spring will force the projecting piece
on stem into the aperture in hollow cylinder, thus securing the two parts together.
To release or unfasten it the upper part is pressed down and turned half round,
thus bringing the projecting piece on stem into the slot in hollow cylinder, passing
right through, when it can then be drawn right out.
It is also claimed as a modification to slightly extend the circular disc on top of
pillar of lower part, and on each side of said disc, to cut away a semicircular piece,
and diagonally with which are two small slots or holes, and on the under side of
ornamental top or disc are two bent or hook-shaped pieces of metal, which passing
down on each side of disc on lower part where the semicircular pieces are cut away
and then turned partly round the spring in pillar (acting as in the other method on
metal stem) forces the two hooked-shaped pieces of metal into the slots or holes,
thus firmly holding the two parts together.
The second part of the Invention consists of an improved method of fastening
the backs of studs or solitaires which are usually made of pearl, ivory, or bone, as
being more clean and pleasant wearing next the skin than the gold, silver, or
other metal of which the stud is composed; this method is to cut or turn a groove
in the periphery or edge of the circular or oval disc of pearl, ivory, bone, wood, or
any other material of which the back is made, and then to form a hollow metal
cup fitting on to the diameter of. the disc, and the depth equally nearly the thick-
ness of the disc; the said disc is then inserted inside the hollow cup, and by the
pressure of a tool, the diameter or rim of the metal cup is forced into the groove
cut in the periphery of the disc, thus firmly uniting the metal and pearl or other

page_text: material, the former forming a good basis for soldering or brazing on the pillar of
stud or solitaire.
This method of fastening on the pearl or other material may be applied to all
other studs and solitaires and other similar articles made otherwise than in two
distinct parts, or with the spring fastening.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention I declare that
what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the new and improved mode and the general arrangement and
combination of parts for fastening solitaires or studs composed of two distinct parts,
and also the new and novel method of fixing pearl, bone, ivory, wood, or other
back to the pillar or barrel of such studs or solitaires, substantially as herein-before
described, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Henry Collins, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.