IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES.
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Kynoch, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Percussion Cap Manufacturer, and William Whitehill,
of the same Place, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARTRIDGES.
"
Sealed the 25th September 1868, and dated the 1st April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Kynoch and
William Whitehill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st April 1868.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Percussion Cap Manufacturer, and WILLIAM WHITEHILL, of the same
Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of metallic
cartridges. To this end we form a metal cup in the ordinary way and
draw it down to the required length to form the case.
In this process
of drawing we leave the metal forming the base and a short length of
the case of a greater thickness than the remainder of the case. Then

page_text: by the application of pressure we double (outwards) upon itself the
thick portion of the periphery of the case, so as to form a solid flange
for the cartridge extractor of the rifle to lay hold of (after the cartridge
is fired), and at the same time, or it may be after this operation, we
pierce the base of the cartridge to receive the cap chamber. When the
cap chamber is inserted in its place the paper wad is dropped over it,
and pressure being applied to the washer the case is allowed to yield
laterally, and thus an enlarged chamber will be formed to receive the
compressed wad, which fitting tightly therein will be effectually held
in place.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Kynoch and William Whitehill in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
KYNOCH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Percussion Cap
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM WHITЕHILL, of the same Place, Manager,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said George Kynoch and William Whitehill,
Her special licence that we, the said George Kynoch and William
Whitehill, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said George, Kynoch and William Whitehill, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARTRIDGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
George Kynoch and William Whitehill, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Kynoch and William
Whitehill, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of metallic
cartridges. To this end we form a metal cup in the ordinary way and
draw it down to the required length and of the proper diameter to form
the cartridge case. In this process of drawing we leave the metal
forming the base and a short length of the case from the base upwards
of a greater thickness than the remainder of the case, as shewn in the
accompanying Drawing, where Fig. 1 shews on a magnified scale and
in section a copper case drawn out to the required length, and with a
thickness of metal for the base and for one-tenth of the length of the
case (more or less) about double that of the remainder of the case. By
applying pressure to the case by the aid of a suitable die and punch
we double (outwards) upon itself the thick portion of the periphery of
the case, so as to form thereon a solid flange, as shewn in the sectional
view, Fig. 2. This flange is required (as will be well understood) for
the cartridge extractor of the rifle to lay hold of in order that the
empty case may be withdrawn from the barrel after the cartridge has
been fired. At the same time that this flange is formed, or it may be
after this operation, we punch out a central hole in the base of the case
to permit of the insertion of the
cap chamber.
--
Fig. 3 shews in section the case a fitted with the cap chamber b.
When the cap chamber is inserted in its place a hollow paper wad c
made in the usual way is dropped over it. The case is then placed in
a suitably shaped divided die or mould, and pressure is applied to the
wad by means of a plunger that enters the open end of the case, and
descending on the wad serves to compress it, increasing its diameter
at the expense of its thickness. The die or mould containing the case
is so shaped as to allow of the case yielding laterally to the inward
pressure of the wad, and thus the compressed wad forms for itself an
enlarged chamber, and the wad fitting tightly therein will be effectually.
held in place. The flanged case, formed as above described, may be

page_text: fitted with the charge of powder and ball and the percussion cap and
anvil in the usual manner.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improve-
ments in Cartridges," and explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent we claim, forming flanged metal cartridge cases
in the manner above described.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Kynoch and William
Whitehill, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-.
eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness to the signature of
George Kynoch,
ROBERT GOUDIE,
Birmingham.
Witness to the signature of
William Whitehill,
ROBERT GOUDIE,
Birmingham.
GEO. KYNOCH. (L.S.)
W. WHITEHILL. (L.S.)