TOYOTIONAL DIFICATION
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, Sist Aug., 1998
Complete Specification Left. 26th May, 1899-Accepted, 19th Aug., 1899
Date of Application, oTOLUB, 1000
Complete Specification Left. 26th May, 1899-Accepted, 19th Aug., 1899
TOYOTIONAL DIFICATION,
New or Improved Apparatus for Feeding or Moving Forward Inter-
mittently Definite Lengths of Paper, Textile or other Fabric,
Photographic Film or other Material in Sheet or Rolled Up Form,
We, ARTHUR SAMUEL NEWMAN and NEWMAN AND GUARDIA, LIMITED, both of
92, Shaftesbury Avenue, London, Manufacturers of Scientific Apparatus, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for feeding or moving forward intermit-
tently definite lengths of any material in sheet or rolled up form such as paper,
textile or other fabric, photographic film and so forth whether for the purpose of
feeding such material into or out of a machine, or for delivering it before or
after being submitted to some process, or for any other purpose whatever.
The apparatus is of the following character:-
-
A plate or block of suitable size and shape is adapted to slide in appropriate
guides on a bed plate or support arranged in any way that may be best suited to
the purpose in view. This sliding plate or block is adapted to slide in its guides
with more or less friction. Parallel to this plate or block and carried thereby
is a carrier adapted to be moved to and from the sliding plate or block by means
of levers, bars with oblique slots, or by other devices so arranged that they are
actuated by pressure exerted in the direction of motion longitudinally of the
sliding plate or block with its carrier. The paper or other material to be fed
or moved forward is passed through the carrier and the apparatus acts in the
following manner:-On exerting pressure upon any suitable device connected
with the mechanism for moving the carrier plate to and from the sliding plate
or block, in the direction in which the paper or other material is required to
move, the said mechanism causes the carrier to approach the sliding plate or
to a retain-
block and to press the paper or other material firmly on
ing-pin on the sliding plate or block, but without moving the latter
or other material,
until the retaining pin has got hold of the paper
because the friction of such plate or block in its guides offers more resist-
than the carrier offers to motion at
ance to longitudinal motion
right angles to such plate or block; but when the paper or other material has
been fixed to the sliding plate or block by the pin, a continuance of the pres-
sure moves the sliding plate or block, its carrier and the paper or other material
in the required direction until they are stopped by suitably placed stopping
devices. The paper or other material is thus fed forward to the required distance.
Then on exerting pressure in the opposite direction the aforesaid mechanism
causes the carrier to move away from the sliding plate or block, to release the
paper or other material from the retaining pin on the slide and to press it on to
a fixed retaining pin which prevents it from being moved backward when the
carrier returns. This action does not move the sliding plate or block, for the

page_text: same reason as before, until the paper or other material is fixed by the pin; but
then a continuance of the pressure moves the sliding plate or block and its
carrier backwards leaving the paper or other material stationary while they do
Their backward movement is stopped by suitable devices, and then on
exerting pressure in the forward direction again the feeding or moving forward
of the paper or other material is again effected and so on continuously as long
as may be required.
80.
By these means exactly the same length of material is fed forward at each
operation of the apparatus, thereby preserving perfect register, and the material
is kept flat while being moved forward.
As above stated the apparatus is applicable to the feeding or moving forward of
material for many purposes, but one very important purpose we have in view is
the feeding forward of so called endless photographic films in cameras. By
means of our reciprocating feed apparatus above described such films may be fed
forward with absolute certainty that a fresh part of the endless film will be
brought forward for exposure every time the apparatus is operated, and without
fear of pictures being wholly or partly superposed. This will enable several hun-
dred pictures to be taken without opening the camera the endless film being
wound step by step off a store roller on to a receiving roller by the reciprocat-
ing motion of the feed apparatus. And to effect this winding of the film on to
the receiving roller we sometimes employ an arrangement of the following
kind The receiving roller is provided with a ratchet wheel, and with this gears
a rack having corresponding ratchet teeth. This rack is drawn constantly in one
direction (that appropriate for winding up the receiving roller) by means of a
spring, the teeth of the rack acting, when moving in that direction, to rotate the
receiving roller; and the rack is drawn in the other direction by the backward
movement of the above described feeding apparatus the teeth of the rack slip-
ping, during that movement over the teeth of the ratchet-wheel, so as not to
impart a backward movement to the receiving roller. Backward rotation of the
receiving roller may also be prevented by a retaining pawl, or by any other suit-
able means. The result of this arrangement is that the receiving roller is turned
only to the extent necessary for winding on the film fed forward by the reci-
procating apparatus with the proper degree of tension whatever be the diameter
of the roll of film already wound on. This winding up gear is also applicable to
"Alm.
the winding up of other material besides photograph
When the apparatus is used in connection with a photographic camera the film
carrier may be made partly of glass for the two fold purpose of allowing the light
to reach the film during the time of exposure, and to afford a smooth surface for
keeping the material flat.
In some cases instead of the material being pressed by the carrier on to the
stationary pin in order that it may be held and retained while the feeding appa-
ratus moves backwards, the pin may be pressed by suitable mechanism into the
material.
It will be obvious that in cases where it is important that the material under
treatment should not be marked or damaged, pressure or gripping devices may be
substituted for the beforementioned pins; and in cases where definite lengths
require to be plainly indicated, punches and dies of any form may be substi-
tuted for the said pins.

page_text: New or Improved Apparatus for Feeding or Moving Forward Inter-
mittently Definite Lengths of Paper, Textile or other Fabric,
Photographic Film or other Material in Sheet or Rolled Up Form.
We, ARTHUR SAMUEL NEWMAN and NEWMAN AND GUARDIA, LIMITED, both of
92, Shaftesbury Avenue, London, Manufacturers of Scientific Apparatus, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus for feeding or moving forward intermit-
tently definite lengths of any material in sheet or rolled up form, such as paper,
textile or other fabric, photographic film and so forth whether for the purpose of
feeding such material into or out of a machine, or for delivering it before or
after being submitted to some process, or for any other purpose whatever.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood we will proceed
to describe the same with the aid of the accompanying three sheets of drawings
in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the
invention, applied, by way of example, to the feeding or moving forward of a
sensitive film in a photographic camera, the side of which is supposed to be
removed in order to render the apparatus visible. Figure 2 is a sectional eleva-
tion, taken on the line W-W of Figure 3, of the parts shown at the left hand
side of Figure 1. Figure 3 is an elevation of such parts looking from right to
left in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 4 is a partial sectional view taken on the
line X X of Figures 1, 2 and 3 looking upwards. Figure 5 is a sectional
elevation taken on the line Y-Y of Figure 7, of a slightly modified arrange-
ment, certain of the parts being shown in the position they occupy at the moment
when they have been returned for a fresh feeding operation. Figure 6 is a
similar sectional elevation with the parts in the position they occupy at the
moment when they have just completed a feeding operation. Figure 7 is an
elevation of same looking from right to left in Figure 6, and Figure 8 is a par-
tial sectional view taken on the line Z-Z of Figures 6 and 7, looking upwards.
A plate or block 1 of suitable size and shape (see Figures 1 to 4) is adapted to
slide in appropriate guides 2 on a bed plate or support 3, formed in the case
illustrated, by the rear end of the camera box 3, but which may be arranged
in any way that may be best suited to the purpose in view. This sliding plate
or block 1 is adapted to slide in its guides 2 with more or less friction. And to
facilitate the maintenance of a proper degree of friction suitable springs may be
interposed between the plate or block 1 and its guides 2 or support 3. Parallel
to this plate or block 1, and carried thereby, is a carrier or gripping plate 4
adapted to be moved to and from the sliding plate or block 1 by means of
mechanism so arranged that it can be actuated by pressure exerted in the direc-
tion of motion longitudinally of the sliding plate or block 1 with its carrier
plate 4. In the arrangements shown in Figures 1, 23 and 4 this mechanism
is arranged as follows:-The carrier plate 4, which in this case is preferably
made of a sheet of glass for the two-fold purpose of allowing the light to reach
the film during the time of exposure, and to afford a smooth surface for keeping
the material flat, is provided with two side bars 5 taking over the sides of the
plate or block 1, and having guide slots 6 formed in them at right angles to the
surface of the carrier plate 4. These slots are adapted to take over guide
screws 7 secured in the sides of the plate or block 1. The side bars 5 are also
provided with oblique slots 8 into which take tenons 9 formed on the ends of

page_text: cross-bars 10 secured to an operating rod 11 passing longitudinally and freely
through the plate or block 1. Interposed between the lower cross-bar 10 and the
lower end of the plate or block 1 is a spring 12 which tends constantly to main-
tain the rod 11 in the position relative to the plate or block 1 shown by full
lines in Figure 2. 13 and 14 are two plates fixed to the side bars 5 of the
carrier plate 4, at a distance apart sufficient to allow the film 15 to pass easily
between them. They act as guides for leading the film from the space between
the plate or block 1 and the carrier plate 4 to the guide roller 16 and for forcing
the film on to the fixed stop-pin 17 as and for the purpose hereinafter described.
The film 15 wound on the store roller 18 is passed round guide roller 19, between
the plate or block 1 and the carrier plate 4, between the guide plates 13 and 14,
round the guide roller 16, and thence to the receiving roller 20.
The action of the apparatus, thus far described, is as follows:-
Assuming the plate or block 1, carrier plate 4 and their appurtenances to be
in their lowest position, shown in Figure 1, it will be seen that the rod 11 is
pressed down by the spring 12 so as to force the tenons 9 of the cross-bars 10 to
the lower ends of the oblique slots 8, thereby forcing the carrier plate 4 towards
the plate or block 1 so as to grip the film 15 between those parts, the stop-
pin 17 being at that moment disengaged from the film and the feeding opera-
tion having just been completed. If now, the rod 11 is drawn upwards by means
of the milled button 21 outside the camera, the first effect will be to draw the
tenons 9 of the cross-bars 10 towards the opposite ends of the oblique slots 8,
and thereby to move the side bars 5 and carrier plate 4 to the right in Figures 1
and 2, at right angles to the direction of motion of the rod 11. This effect is
caused by the fact that the friction of the plate or block 1 in its guides 2 is
greater than that of the side-bars 5 on their guides 7 and of the tenons 9 in
their slots 8. This motion of the side-bars 5 at right angles to the plate or
block causes the guide plates 13 and 14 to carry the film 15 outwards and to
push it on to the point of the stop-pin 17 and to hold it there. The next effect
of drawing the rod 11 upwards is to bring the lower cross-bar 10 into contact
with the end of a stop ferrule 22 fixed to the end of the plate
or block 1, and a continuance of the movement raises the plate or block 1, its
carrier plate 4, and guide plates 13, 14 into the position shown by dotted lines
in Figure 2 (the film 15 remaining held stationary by the pin 17 which passes
through the slot 14" in the plate 14 thus allowing of the upward movement of
the feeding apparatus without affecting the connection of the film with the pin)
in readiness to take another grip of the film and to effect another feeding opera-
tion. On releasing the rod 11 the spring 12 draws it downwards, moving the
tenons 9 in the slots 8 into the position shown in Figure 1 drawing the carrier
plate 4 towards the plate or block 1, gripping the film 15 between them, and dis-
engaging the film from the pin 17. Then on pressing the rod 11 downwards the
upper cross bar 10 carries the plate or block 1 and carrier 4 downwards until
the plate or block 1 comes in contact with a suitably placed stop, not shown in
the drawing, and is thus brought into the position shown in full lines in
Figures 1, 2 and 3, drawing a certain length of the film off the store roller 18
and passing it on towards the receiving roller 20.
The receiving roller 20 may be operated by the reciprocating motion of the
feed apparatus in the following manner:-23 is a lever-arm pivotted at 24 and
pressed constantly by a spring 25 in the direction of the arrow in Figure 1.
26 is a ratchet-rack pivotted at 27 to the lever arm 23, and pressed by a spring 28
against the teeth of a ratchet-wheel 29 connected with the receiving roller 20.
30, is a pin, fixed to an arm 31 carried by the sliding plate or block 1, and
arranged to act on the lever-arm 23 as the feeding apparatus is moved up and
down. It will now be understood that as the feeding apparatus is drawn up by
'the rod 11 the pin 30 acts upon the lever arm 23 and presses it outwards in
opposition to the pressure of the spring 25, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 2.
The ratchet-rack is thus caused to slide outwards over the teeth of the ratchet-

page_text: wheel 29 without turning the latter; then when the feeding apparatus is pressed
down the pin 30 allows the lever-arm 23 and rack 26 to be drawn in the direc-
tion of the arrow by the spring 25, and the teeth of the rack then engaging
with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 29 cause the latter, and with it the receiv-
ing roller 20 to turn and roll up on the latter the quantity of film delivered by
the feeding apparatus. Backward rotation of the receiving roller may be pre-
vented by a retaining pawl or by any other suitable means. The result of this
arrangement is that the receiving roller 20 is turned only to the extent neces-
sary for winding on the film fed forward by the reciprocating feed apparatus
with the proper degree of tension whatever be the diameter of the roll of film
already wound on.
In Figure 1, 32 represents the lens of the camera and 33 partitions enclosing
the space between the lens and the part of the film on which the picture is to be
taken.
In the modified arrangement shown in Figures 5 to 8 instead of the carrier
plate 4 being outside the plate or block 1 it is arranged inside the same, and
instead of being moved to and from the opposing surface of the plate or block 1
by means of cross-bars and oblique slots, it is moved by a kind of bell-crank
lever 34 pivotted at 35 to the plate or block 1, and pin-jointed at its free end
at 36 to the branches of a fork 37 at the lower end of the operating rod 11.
This lever 34 is provided with a tappet-like projection 38 adapted to bear
against the shoulder 39 of the angle piece 40 fixed to the back of the carrier
plate 4, which latter is constantly pressed outwards towards the opposing sur-
face 1 of the plate or block 1 by the springs 41. It will be seen that when the
parts are in the position shown in Figure 5, that is to say when the feed appa-
ratus has just been drawn by the rod 11 into its highest position, the lever 34
holds the carrier plate 4 away from the surface 1", and the film 15 is free, but
when the rod 11 is pressed down the first effect is to move the lever 34 into the
position shown in Figure 6, leaving the springs 41 free to press the carrier
plate 4 towards the surface 1 so as to grip the film ready for the next feed
forward; then a continuance of the downward pressure upon the rod 11 causes
the back of the lever 34 to transmit pressure to the angle piece 42 connected with
the plate or block 1, and thus to move the feed apparatus downwards carrying
the film with it. Then on moving the rod 11 upwards again the first effect is
to turn the lever 34 so that its projection 38 acts upon the shoulder 39 to draw
the carrier plate 4 away from the surface 1 in opposition to the springs 41 and
thereby to release the film 15. Then on continuing the upward movement of the
rod 11 the front of the lever 34 transmits the pressure to the angle piece 40,
and the whole feeding device is raised again into the position shown in Figure 5
without acting upon the film 15, which is prevented from moving while the
feeding apparatus is moving upwards, by the pin 43 on to which it has been
pressed when the feeding apparatus was in the position shown in Figure 6, by
the cross-bar 44 connected with and actuated by the carrier plate 4. On the
other hand as the feeding apparatus approaches the end of its upward move-
ment its upper end comes against and acts upon an inclined plane 46 on the
end of a lever 47 pivotted at 48, and turns the said lever so as to force outwards
a plunger 49 which disengages the film 15 from the pin 43 leaving the film free
to be fed forward by the next downward movement of the feeding apparatus.
50 are springs bearing against the back of the plate 1 to produce the requisite
frictional resistance between the said plate or block 1 and its guides as before
explained.
The winding-up of the film on to the receiving roller is effected by the lever-
arm 23 and a ratchet-rack and wheel, in a manner quite similar to that described
for the same purpose in connection with Figures 1 to 4, the lever 23 being
operated in one direction by the pin 30 fixed in this case to the side of the plate
or block 1, and in the other direction by the spring 25.
Similar letters of reference relate to like parts in all the figures of the
drawings.

page_text: By the apparatus above described exactly the same length of film or other
material is fed forward at each operation of the apparatus, thereby preserving
perfect register, and the material is kept flat while being moved forward.
As above stated the apparatus is applicable to the feeding or moving forward
of material for many purposes; but one very important purpose we have in view
is the feeding forward of so called endless photographic films in cameras. By
apparatus constructed as above described such films may be fed forward with
absolute certainty that a fresh part of the "endless" or continuous film will be
brought forward for exposure every time the apparatus is operated, and without
fear of pictures being wholly or partly superposed. This will enable several
hundred pictures to be taken without opening the camera, the endless film being
wound step by step off a store roller on to a receiving roller by the reciprocat-
ing motion of the feed apparatus as above described.
In some cases instead of the material being pressed on to a stationary pin in
order that it may be held and retained while the feeding apparatus moves back-
wards the pin may be pressed by suitable mechanism into the material.
It will be obvious that in cases where it is important that the material under
treatment should not be marked or damaged, pressure or gripping devices may
be substituted for the beforementioned pins; and in cases where definite lengths
require to be plainly indicated punches and dies of any suitable form may be
substituted for the said pins.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
First. An apparatus for feeding or moving forward intermittently definite,
lengths of material in sheet or rolled up form, which consists of a plate or block
adapted to slide in guides, a carrier or gripping plate mounted on the said plate
or block and adapted to grip the said material between itself and the sliding
plate or block, the movements of the carrier plate towards and from the sliding
plate or block being effected by mechanism actuated by pressure exerted on an
operating device in the direction of motion of the sliding plate or block, the
frictional resistance of the said sliding plate or block in its guides, being greater
than that of the carrier plate on the said sliding plate or block substantially
as described.
Second. In feeding apparatus of the kind forming the subject of the first claim-
ing clause hereof, a plate or block sliding in guides, a carrier or gripping plate
mounted on the said plate or block externally thereto, and devices consisting of
an operating rod, cross-bars thereon, and oblique slots for actuating the sliding
plate or block and the carrier plate on the same, combined and operating sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
Third. In feeding apparatus of the kind forming the subject matter of the
first claiming clause hereof, a plate or block sliding in guides, a carrier or grip-
ping plate mounted within the said plate or block and devices consist-
ing of an operating rod, a lever, and springs for actuating the sliding plate
or block and the carrier plate therein, combined and operating substantially as
.described with reference to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In feeding apparatus of the kind forming the subject-matter of the
first claiming clause hereof, the devices for winding the material fed forward by
the reciprocating part of the apparatus on to the receiving roller, which consist
of a lever, and ratchet-rack operated in one direction by the reciprocating part
of the feeding operation and in the opposite direction by a spring, the said
ratchet-rack being adapted to cause the rotation of a ratchet-wheel connected
with the receiving roller when operated by the spring, substantially as described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. In feeding apparatus of the kind forming the subject-matter of the first

page_text: claiming clause hereof, the devices for holding the material stationary, while
the reciprocating part of the feeding apparatus makes a return movement, which
consists of a fixed pin, and devices connected with and operated by the carrier
plate of the reciprocating apparatus, for forcing the material into engagement
with the said pin, and for releasing the same therefrom substantially as described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated Ums corn day от may 10.
A. S. NEWMAN,
NEWMAN & GUARDIA, LIMD.
Per W. H. Beck,
Agent, 115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.