IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS, RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING AND TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDS, ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: caster, Machinist, John Thompson, of Ardwick, in the City of Manchester,
in the said County, Foreman, Edward Gerrard Fitton, of Ardwick,
aforesaid, Foreman, and Frederick Alexander Fitton, of Ardwick, afore-
said, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS, RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR
LUBRICATING AND TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDS, ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
MACHINERY FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 30th September 1856, and dated the 25th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Lakin, John
Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick Alexander Fitton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
25th April 1856.
We, ROBERT LAKIN, of Stretford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
JOHN THOMPSON, of Ardwick, in the City of Manchester, in the said County,
Foreman, EDWARD GERRARD FITTON, of Ardwick, aforesaid, Foreman, and
FREDERICK ALEXANDER FITTON, of Ardwick, aforesaid, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE
TO CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS, RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING
AND TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDS, ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The first part of our improvements relates to spinning machines known as

page_text: self-acting mules, and consists in passing the scroll band, used for drawing in
the carriage, partially round a pulley or stud attached to a slide or moveable
lever. Round the same or another pulley or stud in this slide or moveable
lever a strong wire or light iron rod passes, and is attached by each of its ends
to the carriage, at some distance up the carriage, on each side of the carriage
square or cross. As the scroll band pulls against the pulley or stud it draws
with it the slide or moveable lever, and with it the wire is drawn in the same
direction, and pulls the carriage at the parts where the ends of the wire are
attached to it, by which means motion is given to each side of the mule
carriage previous to the cross of the carriage receiving motion. But when the
wire has been drawn sufficiently to give the required motion to the sides of the
carriage, the further progress of the slide or moveable lever is arrested by an
adjustable stop placed on the carriage square, which then forms a third point,
upon which the scroll band pulls, and the square and two sides of the carriage
are acted upon together. By these means the carriage is caused to come in
more evenly than by the means usually employed.
The second part of our improvements has reference to spinning machines
known as mules, whether self-acting or hand mules, and consists in a mode of
continuing the rotation of the drawing rollers, and consequently the delivery of
the roving after the completion of the outward run of the carriage, but at a
slower speed, such rotation being continued not only during the run in or putting
up of the carriage, but also during the time the carriage is stationary at the
completion of its outward run, whether for backing-off, stripping, twisting, or
making the required changes, thus giving a continuous motion to the drawing
rollers so long as the mule is at work, and which we accomplish by means of
suitable mechanical parts to be driven by any of the shafts in the headstock
having a continuous motion in one and the same direction, whichever is found
most convenient, the selection of the shaft depending on the arrangement in
the particular mule employed, such arrangement varying in different makes or
constructions of mules. We are aware that motion has been communicated
to the drawing rollers during the run in of the carriage from the mangle wheel
or wheels driven by it, and also from the back shaft, both of which sources
have a reverse motion given to them during the run in of the carriage to that
which they had when coming out, and are consequently inapplicable to our
mprovements, the distinctive feature of which consists in driving the mechanism
or mechanical parts for the above-mentioned purpose from one of the shafts
n the headstock having a continuous motion in one and the same direction, as
before stated.
The third part of our improvements consists in the construction and

page_text: applicat
mines
the spindles used in preparing machines, known
as slubbing and roving frames, of an improved top bearing to render the
spindles more steady. In our improved top bearing is a bush furnished with
an apparatus for lubrication, formed on the plan of the fifth part of our
5 improvements herein mentioned. The upper part of the spindle enters into
this bush, which rotates with it in a bearing connected with the frame, but
capable of being removed or turned aside, when necessary, for the purpose of
taking the bobbin from the spindle, or on other occasions.
The fourth part of our improvements also relates to slubbing and roving
frames, and consists in an improved mode of regulating the drag or friction of
the roving in passing from the tubular leg of the flyer to the bobbin; this we
accomplish by shortening the legs of the flyer, and extending and cranking the
stem of the presser, thereby bringing the presser down below the tubular leg
of the flyer to the same pressing point it would have come to had the leg of
the flyer not been shortened. By cranking the stem, we are enabled to conduct
the roving to either side of the stem, and thereby we are enabled to vary the
amount of drag to a greater nicety. The above will apply, whether a presser
is applied only to one or to each of the legs of the flyer. If to one only, then
the other leg of the flyer must be shortened, for the purpose of adjusting its
weight to that of the leg to which the presser is applied. Another mode of
accomplishing the same object is by making two holes in the presser, leaving
openings for the roving to enter therein, one in the upper and the other in the
lower part of the presser.
The fifth part of our said improvements relates to certain apparatus for
lubricating the spindles in spinning mules, roving frames, and other machines
used for preparing and spinning cotton and other fibrous substances, and also
for lubricating bushes, journals, shafts, and other parts of machinery and mill-
geering, (such bushes, journals, shafts, and other parts being placed upright,
or at moderate degrees of inclination,) in which apparatus a reservoir or other
suitable receptacle to contain the oil or other lubricating material is attached
to or formed upon the spindle or other part to be lubricated, and this part of
our improvements consists in constructing the receptacle in such form and
manner as to prevent or diminish the waste of the oil or other lubricating
material contained therein, more effectually than has hitherto been accom
plished. A modification of this part of our Invention, applicable to the
revolving bush connected with the bobbin braid of roving and slubbing frames,
consists in attaching or forming a receptacle inside of the stationary bush
or bolster, in which receptacle the revolving bush rotates and is lubricated

page_text: The sixth part of our improvements is an improved apparatus for lubricating
spindles in such preparing, spinning, and other machines, in which a lifting
rail is used, and consists in attaching to the bush or rail a tumbler or weighted
lever, one end of which is made open or in the form of a clip, within which we
affix a piece of flannel, felt, or other absorbent material, kept moistened with
the oil or other lubricating material employed, the tumbler being so fixed
that the weighted end will cause the felt to bear against the spindle or shaft
intended to be lubricated; or a spring or other mechanical equivalent may be
employed instead of a weight, to cause the felt to bear against the spindle.
The seventh part of our improvements is an improved apparatus for
lubricating the bearings of rollers used in preparing and spinning machines,
and consists in the application to each bearing of a suitable piece of iron or
other material, to which we attach a piece of flannel, felt, or other suitable
material, kept moistened with the oil or other lubricating material, and which
we cause to rest on the part of the roller which rotates in the stand or support
therefor; and as three or more rows of rollers are usually employed in one
machine, and which rotate in one stand, for convenience we generally connect
as many pieces together by a screw, or otherwise, as there are rollers, that, if
necessary, they may be removed at one time.
The eighth part of our improvements consists in forming studs, whether to
be applied in such preparing and spinning machines as aforesaid, or in
machinery for other purposes, partly of wrought iron and partly of cast iron,
the bearing portion of the stud being a tube or other hollow piece of cast;
iron fitted on and fixed to its place by a bolt or screw of wrought iron.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Lakin, John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and
Frederick Alexander Fitton, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
LAKIN, of Stretford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, JOHN THOMPSON,
of Ardwick, in the City of Manchester, in the said County, Foreman, EDWARD
GERRARD FITTON, of Ardwick, aforesaid, Foreman, and FREDERICK ALEXANDER
FITTON, of Ardwick, aforesaid, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, One thousand eight hundred S
and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs,

page_text: son,
unes.
any time
and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Robert Lakin, John Thomp-
, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick Alexander Fitton, our executors,
Lakin, John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick Alexander
5 Fitton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Robert Lakin, John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick
Alexander Fitton, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
10 exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom for Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS, RELATING TO APPARATUS
FOR LUBRICATING AND TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDS, ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
5 MACHINERY FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Robert Lakin, John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and
Frederick Alexander Fitton, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Robert Lakin, John Thompson, Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick
Alexander Fitton, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statements and descriptions, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings on three Sheets, and in which
descriptions and Drawings the same letters and numbers of reference are used
to indicate the same or similar parts in all the Figures in which they
occur.
The first part of our improvements relates to spinning machines, known as
self-acting mules, and consists in passing the scroll band used for drawing in
the carriage partially round a pulley or stud attached to a slide or moveable
lever. Round the same or another pulley or stud in this slide or moveable
lever a strong wire or light iron rod passes, and is attached by each of its
ends to the carriage, at some distance up the carriage, on each side of the
carriage square or cross.
As the scroll band pulls against the pulley or stud,
it draws with it the slide or moveable lever, and with it the wire is drawn in

page_text: the same direction, and pulls the carriage at the parts where the ends of the
wire are attached to it, by which means motion is given to each side of the
mule carriage previous to the cross of the carriage receiving motion. But
when the wire has been drawn sufficiently to give the required motion to the
sides of the carriage, the further progress of the slide or moveable lever is
arrested by an adjustable stop placed on the carriage square, which then forms
a third point, upon which the scroll band pulls, and the square and two sides of
the carriage are acted upon together. By these means the carriage is caused
to come in more evenly than by the means usually employed.
In the Drawings, Figure 1 represents a plan of such parts of a self-acting
mule as are requisite to explain this part of our improvements, with the same
applied thereto; and Figures 2, 3, and 4 represent detached parts thereof.
The scroll band a is fastened at one end to the scroll b, which in this arrange-
ment works at the back of the headstock, from which the band passes partly
round the pulley or bowl c (attached to the slide i), to the tension barrel d, to
which the other end of the scroll band is attached. The wire or rod e is
fastened by each of its ends in the brackets f, close to the under side of the
carriage g, and takes into the groove k in one end of the slide i (see Figures
3 and 4. The brackets fare respectively fixed at about one-fourth of the length
of each side of the carriage, measuring from the square. The slide i has a
projection m, and is turned to fit a hole in the fixing j, which is bolted to
the carriage square n.
At the other end of the slide is the adjustable stop l.
This stop must be so adjusted that when the rod e, by the action of the scroll
band operating through the slide, has been sufficiently drawn to give motion to
the sides of the [carriage, it will come in contact with the fixing j, by which
means the further progress of the slide will be arrested, and the pulley e then
forms a third fixed point, upon which the scroll band pulls, causing the square
and two sides of the carriage to be acted upon together. The projection m of
the slide i bears against the projection m¹ on the fixing j, and prevents the
slide i from turning in the hole of the fixing j, when acted on by the
scroll band..
We will now describe the operation of this part of our improvements which
comes into action when the scroll b is set in motion to draw in the carriage by
means of the scroll band a, which, in the ordinary arrangement, it does from
one point, namely, the pulley c, which, instead of being attached to a slide as
in our improvement, is a fixture; whereas, in our improvement, the pulley c,
and with it the slide i, is drawn by the scroll band. The slide i in its turn
acts on the rod e, which conveys the force to the fixings f, fastened as before
described to the carriage, and thereby the parts of the carriage on each side

page_text: 5 acted upon
of the square are drawn in the direction of the forces exerted by the scroll
band through either end of the rod without the square being moved until the
movement of the slide brings the adjustable stop against the fixing j, from
which time the square of the carriage, and the parts on each side thereof, are
and move together until the carriage completes its inward run.
As the carriage moves outward, the slide i and rod e, being no longer acted on
by the scroll band, return to their original position, as shewn in the Drawings.
And in reference to this first part of our improvements, we declare that we
claim as of our Invention, the arrangement and application of the rod or wire
in connection with the slide and pulley herein-before described, or equivalents
therefor, for the purpose herein-before stated.
The second part of our improvements has reference to spinning machines
known as mules, whether self-acting or hand mules, and consists in a mode of
continuing the rotation of the drawing rollers, and consequently the delivery
of the roving after the completion of the outward run of the carriage, but at
a slower speed, such rotation being continued, not only during the run in or
putting up of the carriage, but also during the time the carriage is stationary
at the completion of its outward run, whether for backing off, stripping,
twisting, or making the required changes, thus giving a continuous motion to
the drawing rollers so long as the mule is at work, and which we accomplish
by means of suitable mechanical parts, to be driven by any of the shafts in
the headstock having a continuous motion in one and the same direction,
whichever is found most convenient; the selection of the shaft depending on the
arrangement in the particular mule employed, such arrangement varying in
different makes or constructions of mules.
We shall describe this part of our improvements as applied to self-acting
mules of the construction known as Lakin and Rhodes's. The requisite
variations necessary to adapt it to any other construction of mule, in which
one of the shafts in the headstock has such continuous motion as aforesaid,
will be easily made by any competent mechanic conversant with this kind of
machinery. Figure 4* in the Drawings is a plan of such parts of a self-acting
mule headstock as are necessary to explain this second part of our improve-
ments; and Figures 5 and 6 are views of detached portions thereof. The
driving shaft is marked A, on which are the driving pullies B and B', and
the bevil wheel C, which geers with and drives the bevil wheel D fast on the
boss E of the catch box E', which gives the ordinary rotating motion to the
rollers when spinning. F is the front roller shaft. The pinion G is fast on
the boss of the pulley B, and communicates motion to the wheel H, which
rotates on the stud H. On the boss of the wheel H is the pinion H, which

page_text: nes.
ves the wheel H³ fast on the shaft H', and which shaft
receives a continuous motion in one and the same direction. On the shaft II
is fastened the worm I, which geers into and drives the worm wheel I', which
revolves loosely on the front roller shaft F. On one side of the worm wheel I¹
is fastened the ratchet wheel I². The hollow disc or plate I³ is keyed on
the front roller shaft F. The worm wheel, ratchet wheel, and hollow disc,
with some connected parts, are shewn detached in Figures 5 and 6. On studs
attached to the hollow disc are the four catches J. In spinning, when the
carriage comes out, the drawing rollers receive motion through the bevil
wheels C and D in the usual way, at which time the catches J, in the disc I³,
pass over the teeth of the ratchet wheel, the disc revolving more rapidly than
the ratchet wheel, and in the same direction. But when the carriage has
finished its outward run, the front roller catch box is put out of geer, and
motion is no longer given therefrom to the rollers or to the disc 13; but the
worm I, worm wheel I', and ratchet wheel I', continuing to receive motion
from the shaft H, some of the catches J drop into the teeth of the ratchet
wheel I', which then communicates motion through the disc 1³ to the drawing
rollers, which it will continue to do until the front roller catch box is again
put into geer, which it is at the completion of the inward run of the carriage,
when the motion given to the disc I³ will again be quicker than that of the
ratchet wheel I2, and the catches J will, therefore, again pass over the teeth of
that wheel. It will be obvious that the amount of motion given to the
drawing rollers during the time of the changes being made, and of the carriage
going in, will depend upon the number of revolutions the ratchet wheel makes
during that time, which can be varied by changing the relative sizes of the
worm and worm wheel.
Having thus described the second part of our improvements, we would
remark that we are aware that motion has been communicated to the drawing
rollers during the run in of the carriage from the mangle wheel or wheels
driven by it (in machines in which the mangle wheel is adopted), and also
from the back shaft (where used), both of which sources have a reverse
motion given to them, during the run in of the carriage, to that which they
had when coming out, and are consequently inapplicable to this part of our
improvements, the distinctive feature of which, and which we claim as of
our Invention, consists in driving the mechanism or mechanical parts for the
bove-mentioned purpose from one of the shafts in the headstock having a
ontinuous motion in one and the same direction, as before stated.
The third part of our improvements consists in the construction and appli-
ation to the upper part of the spindles used in preparing machines, known

page_text: as slubbing and roving frames, of an improved top bearing, to render the
spindles more steady. In our improved top bearing is a bush furnished with
an apparatus for lubrication, formed on the plan of the fifth part of our
improvements herein mentioned. The upper part of the spindle enters into
5 this bush, which rotates with it in a bearing connected with the frame, but
capable of being turned aside or removed when necessary for the
taking the bobbin from the spindle, or on other occasions.
purpose of
In the Drawings, Figure 7 is an elevation, and Figure 8 a plan, of parts of
a roving frame, with this part of our improvements applied; Figures 9, 10,
11, and 12 are detached parts thereof. R is the roller beam, to which the
bracket R¹ is attached. The spindles are marked U, the flyers V, the revolving
bushes V¹, each of which is formed with a receptacle for oil at its lower part.
To each flyer is attached one of the revolving bushes V¹, into which the upper
part
of the spindle passes, and when in motion they all rotate together. On the
bush V¹ is placed the bush V2, at the bottom of which is the projection v;
this bush is loose on the bush V¹, and is kept from rising by the nut w. The
upper parts of the bushes V¹ extend above the nuts w, the parts so extending
being made of smaller diameter, to admit of their passing through the openings
in the top bearing claws V³, bolted to the arms of the bearing V4, when that
bearing is turned partially round, for the purpose of allowing the bobbins to be
taken off the spindles without the bearing V injuring or interfering with the
roving. The bracket R¹ is so formed that one of the holes in it will support
one of the bearings V4, in which are held two spindles, in the row of spindles
nearest the roller beam, and one in the row furthest therefrom, and the other
hole in the bracket supports another of the bearings V', in which are held one
spindle, in the row nearest the roller beam, and two in the row furthest
therefrom. In Figure 8 it will be seen that the bearing V* supports two
spindles in the row nearest the roller beam, and one in that furthest from it.
The stem of each bearing V' is made to pass into one of the holes in the
bracket R'. Near the bottom of the lower part of the stem is a pin or pro-
jection, to prevent it from being lifted out of the bracket, when the bearing is
lifted to be turned in order to take off the bobbins. There is also a slot cut
in the bearing V*, into which fits a projection of the bracket R', to prevent
the bearing from turning before it is lifted up. Each of the top bearing
claws V3 is formed with a projection at its under side, with which the
projection v in the bush V2 comes in contact, and prevents that bush from
revolving, thus forming a stationary bearing for the bush V₁ to rotate in.
The various parts of the top bearing, and parts in connection therewith, are
best seen in the detached Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12.

page_text: Figure 13 in the Drawings represents a modification in this part of our
Invention, in which the top bearing claws V³ are made and arranged with the
openings, so placed as to allow the bearing V, with the claws, to be removed
without being turned partially round, as in the construction first described.
In this construction there is no pin or projection in the lower part of the stem
of the bearing, and the bearing may be lifted clear away at once.
We have described this part of our improvements in application to those
slubbing and roving frames in which two rows of spindles are used. Where
one row of spindles only is used, the bracket R¹ and bearing V₁ must be
made to support two spindles only, one on each side of the stem of the
bearing in the direction of the frame lengthways, the requisite alteration for
which will be obvious.
The fourth part of our improvements also relates to slubbing and roving
frames, and consists in an improved mode of regulating the drag or friction of
the roving in passing from the tubular leg of the flyer to the bobbin ; this we
accomplish by shortening the legs of the flyer, and extending and cranking
the stem of the presser, thereby bringing the presser down below the tubular
leg of the flyer to the same pressing point it would have come to had the leg
of the flyer not been shortened. By cranking the stem, we are enabled to
conduct the roving to either side of the stem, and thereby we are enabled
to vary the amount of drag to a greater nicety. The above will apply whether
a presser is applied only to one or to each of the legs of the flyer; if to one
only, then the other leg of the flyer must be shortened, for the purpose of
adjusting its weight to that of the leg to which the presser is applied. Another
mode of accomplishing the same object is by making two holes in the presser,
leaving openings for the roving to enter therein, one in the upper and the
other in the lower part of the presser.
In the Drawings, Figure 14 is an elevation of a flyer, with a presser
attached. The stem o' of the presser o is cranked, and on it is a pin or pro-
ection r, to keep the roving in its proper position. The roving p passes from
the tubular leg of the flyer round the stem, and thence through the eye of the
presser. By bringing down the stem of the presser below the tubular leg of
he flyer, we are enabled to pass the roving from the tubular leg to either side
f the stem of the presser without breaking the roving, by which means we
an vary the amount of drag, by part of a turn or coil of the roving on the S
tem, instead of by a whole one, as heretofore. The pin r, when the roving
asses on that side of the stem on which the pin is placed, prevents the
oving, when slack, from slipping over to the other side. The same effect of
arying the amount of drag may be accomplished by means of a presser made

page_text: with two eyes, as shewn in Figure 15, which enables us to pass the roving (as
it leaves the tubular leg of the flyer) to either side of the stem of the presser,
and thereby to vary the amount of drag by part of a turn or coil of the roving
on the stem.
When the roving is passed round the stem of the presser in
5 the contrary direction to that shewn in this Figure, it must be passed through
the upper eye instead of the lower one, as shewn in Figure 16.
The fifth part of our said improvements relates to certain apparatus for
Jubricating the spindles in spinning mules, roving frames, and other machines
used for preparing and spinning cotton and other fibrous substances, and also
10 for lubricating bushes, journals, shafts, and other parts of machinery and mill
geering, (such bushes, journals, shafts, and other parts being placed upright, or
at moderate degrees of inclination,) in which apparatus a reservoir or other
suitable receptacle to contain the oil or other lubricating material is attached
to or formed upon the spindle or other part to be lubricated. And this part
5 of our improvements consists in constructing the receptacle in such form and
manner as to prevent or diminish the waste of the oil or other lubricating
material contained therein more effectually than has hitherto been accom-
plished.
In the Drawings, Figure 17 is a sectional elevation of a mule spindle, with
the bolster or bearing therefor, and the reservoir or receptacle for containing
the lubricating material attached thereto. On the spindle K is fastened or
formed the receptacle K', to contain the oil or other lubricating matter, and
this receptacle is made to extend some distance up the outside of the
bearing K². The oil or lubricating matter should in all cases be sufficiently
high in the receptacle to be a little above or in contact with the lower part of
the bearing. The oil is put in at the top of the bearing in the usual way, and
runs down between the spindle and the bearing, lubricating them in its
passage, but the superfluous oil, instead of running to waste down the spindle,
passes into and is retained in the receptacle. The oil in the receptacle, when
the spindle is in motion, will be found to ascend between the spindle and the
bearing, and lubricate them.
Figure 18 is an elevation of part of an upright shaft, with pedestal and oil
receptacle attached. For upright shafts on which there are bosses, or in other
cases where it is found more convenient, we form the cups in two pieces, as
shewn in Figures 19 and 20, fastening them together with bolts or set screws.
On the shaft L is fastened the receptacle L', so placed that the bottom part of
the step of the pedestal L'enters therein, leaving a small space between the
bottom of the bearing and the bottom of the receptacle. The oil is poured
into the top of the step and runs down into the receptacle, and must be suf-

page_text: ficiently high in the receptacle to be a little above or in contact with the lower
part of the bearing. Such being the case, it will be found that when the shaft is
in motion the oil will ascend between the step and the shaft, and lubricate them.
Though we have now shewn this part of our improvements in that form in
which the bush or bearing is stationary as applied to a mule spindle and to an
upright shaft, it will be evident that the same may be applied to lubricate the
spindles of throstle frames and other machines used for spinning and preparing,
and bushes, journals, and shafts generally, whether they are placed upright
or at a moderate degree of inclination, where the bearings or parts to be
Jubricated remain stationary.
We will now describe this part of our improvements as applied to lubricate
bushes on spindles or shafts when one bush rotates within another, and will
shew it as applied to the spindle of a roving frame, which will be sufficient to
enable persons conversant with such machinery to apply it to those of other
machines.
Figure 21 in the Drawings is an elevation, partly in section, of so much of
a roving frame, spindle, and parts connected therewith as is sufficient to illus-
trate this application of our improvement. On the spindle M is the bush u,
having at its lower end a reservoir or receptacle, formed to contain the oil;
this bush rotates within the bush or bearing u¹ fixed in the lifting rail, the
lower part of which bush or bearing passes into the oil receptacle of the
rotating bush u.
The braid or bobbin wheel M¹ passes over and is fastened to
the bush u, and rotates with it. A small groove or channel is cut in the inside
of the braid M¹, down which the oil is poured, and the upper part of the bush
u' is recessed, to allow the oil freely to enter therein, and to pass down another
small groove cut in the inner side of that bush to the receptacle below.. The
surplus oil, if any, accumulates when working in the recess at the upper part
of the bush ul; a portion of the surplus oil will pass through a hole formed
at the level of the recess in the revolving bush to lubricate the spindle. To
aid the oil to ascend from the receptacle, we cut a small spiral groove in the
inner side of the stationary bush u'. This spiral groove we cut in the con-
trary direction to that in which the spindle rotates. In this case, as in those
before mentioned, the oil in the receptacle must be a little higher than the
bottom of the bush u', and when the bush u is put in motion, the oil will
ascend between and lubricate it and the bush u'.
In the preceding description of this part of our improvements, and in the
Figures referred to, we have described and shewn the reservoirs or receptacles
for the oil, or other lubricating material, of such forms as we consider best
adapted to the several applications shewn, and most calculated to prevent the

page_text: oil being thrown out during the revolution of the receptacle with the spindle,
shaft or bush to which it is attached; but we wish to state that the peculiarity
voir or receptacle should be made as small as can conveniently be without
5 preventing the free passage of the oil between the edge of the orifice and the
outer surface of the bush or other part within the receptacle, the distance:
between which may be slightly varied, according to the size or kind of the.
parts to which the receptacle is applied, and to the speed at which the recep-
tacle revolves, as the greater the speed is, the more important it is that the
0 orifice of the receptacle should be diminished as far as convenient.
A modification of this part of our improvements, applicable to the revolving,
bush connected with the bobbin braid of roving and slubbing frames, consists
in attaching or forming a receptacle inside of the stationary bush or bolster,
in which receptacle the revolving bush rotates, and is lubricated therefrom.
This modification is represented in the Drawings, Figure 22, which is an
elevation (partly in section) of a portion of a roving frame spindle, with this
modification applied thereto. N is the spindle, N¹ is the braid or bobbin wheel,
to the lower part of which is attached the revolving bush N2, which rotates
within the oil receptacle formed inside of the hollow stationary bush N³. The.
inner side of the hollow bush N³ we prefer, for the sake of lightness and con-
venience, to make of tin plate or other thin metal, and it is attached to the.
bottom of the outer side of the hollow bush, which is turned inward to form
the bottom of the receptacle. To aid the oil in lubricating the bushes, we
make several holes in the revolving bush, which thereby become channels for
the oil to pass through. To enable the oil to pass into the receptacle of the
bush N³, we drill a small hole in the braid to conduct it therein when poured
at the top.
The sixth part of our improvements is an improved apparatus for lubricating;
spindles in such preparing, spinning, and other machines in which a lifting rail
is used, and consists in attaching to the bush or rail a tumbler or weighted
lever, one end of which is made open or in the form of a clip, within which
we affix a piece of flannel, felt, or other absorbent material, kept moistened,
with the oil or other lubricating material employed, the tumbler being so fixed
that the weighted end will cause the felt to bear against the spindle or shaft
intended to be lubricated.
In Figure 21 in the Drawings, O represents a tumbler or weighted lever,
the lower part of which O' is made in the form of a clip, within which is
affixed a piece of flannel, felt, or other absorbent material. The hoop O fits
on the lower part of the stationary bush u', and is fastened thereto by the

page_text: screws O³, and on these screws the tumbler O swivels loosely. The weighted
end of the tumbler O must be sufficiently heavy to cause the felt to bear
against the spindle or other part to be lubricated, whereby the oil or lubri-
cating matter placed on the felt will be imparted to the spindle or other part
to be lubricated. The tumbler O, hoop 02, and screws 03, are shewn detached
in Figures 23, 24, and 25. Instead of a weight, a spring or other mechanical
equivalent may be employed, to cause the felt to bear against the spindle; or
the felted clip may itself be made sufficiently heavy to effect this end, and, if
more convenient, the tumbler may be affixed without the hoop.
The seventh part of our improvements is an improved apparatus for lubri-
cating the bearings of rollers used in preparing and spinning machines, and
consists in the application to each bearing of a suitable piece of iron or other
material, to which we attach a piece of flannel, felt, or other suitable material,
kept moistened with the oil or other lubricating material, and which we cause
to rest on the part of the roller which rotates in the stand or support therefor,
and as three or more rows of rollers are usually employed in one machine,
and which rotate in one stand for convenience, we connect as many pieces
together by a screw, or otherwise, as there are rollers, that, if necessary, they
may be removed at one time.
In the Drawings, Figure 26 is a cross sectional elevation of a roller stand-
and connected parts in a roving frame, with this part of our improvements
applied thereto. R³ are the rollers; S are pieces of iron, one of which rests on
that part of each roller which rotates in the stand. These pieces have their
under sides covered with flannel or felt, into which the oil or other lubricating
material may be passed through holes in the pieces S, shewn in Figure 28.
S¹ is a screw, which passes through the projections x on the upper sides
of the pieces S, shewn in Figures 27 and 28, and serves to connect and adjust
the position of those pieces, to ensure the due placing of them above the
respective rollers, and for the convenience of removing them all at one and
the same time.
Having described the application of this part of our Invention to the rollers
of a roving frame, its application to the rollers of other preparing and spinning
machines will be obvious to any competent mechanic, and need not be further
particularized..
The eighth part of our improvements consists in forming studs, whether
to be applied in such preparing and spinning machines as aforesaid, or in
machinery for other purposes, partly of wrought iron and partly of cast iron,
the bearing portion of the stud being a tube or other hollow piece of cast
iron, fitted on and fixed to its place by a bolt or screw of wrought iron. In

page_text: Figure 29 of the Drawings, T is the bearing portion of the stud T¹, the
collar T, the part that fits into the slot in the frame or other part to which the
I stud is to be fastened by means of the screw T3, which is made of wrought
iron, the other parts described, T, T', and T2, being of cast iron.
Figures 30, 31, and 32 represent other forms of our improved studs. In
Figure 31, the part which fits into the slot is made of the same piece of
wrought iron as the screw, and the collar is made square, or otherwise flat-
sided, for the purpose of screwing it on the bolt or screw. The same is the
case also in the form shewn in Figure 30, in which the bearing portion T of
the stud is a cast-iron tube, fastened by the wrought-iron bolt or screw which
passes through the tube and is fastened beyond it by the wrought-iron nut T.
Figure 32 represents another mode of fastening the same by means of the
screw T³, the end of which screws into the part to which the stud is attached,
instead of its being fixed in a slot.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Lakin, John Thompson,
Edward Gerrard Fitton, and Frederick Alexander Fitton, have here-
unto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.