Apparatus for Producing Cold in or Freezing Liquids.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Producing Cold in or Freezing Liquids.
I, JOSEPH WILFRED BOWLEY, of 94 Hungerford Road, Caniden Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This my invention relates to an improved apparatus for producing cold in or
freezing liquids.
The invention has for its object to provide an apparatus whereby ice-creams and
the like may be expeditiously made, and, further, to construct an apparatus which
is neat, simple, efficacious, and cheap to manufacture.
By the use of an apparatus as hereinafter described ices of various colours can
be simultaneously produced, and the frozen material be thoroughly mixed.
This my improved apparatus comprises an outer cylinder of any desirable shape,
but preferably conical, and which is suitably supported within a receptacle intended
to contain any suitable freezing mixture, such as ice and salt. This cold jacket
serves to prevent the frozen material from thawing. Within the conical outer
cylinder aforesaid is suitably mounted a conical receptacle upon the outer surface
of which a spiral or deep thread is preferably loosely fitted, and which makes close
contact with the inner surface of the conical outer cylinder aforesaid, and projects
into a tube formed preferably integral therewith at its lower end. Upon the out-
side or inside of the innermost receptacle a closely fitting jacket of any suitable
substance, composition, or material may be secured to prevent condensation.
Suitable gearing or the like is provided, whereby the innermost receptacle and its
spiral thread are caused to rotate within the outer conical cylinder preferably in
opposite directions and at different rates of speed.
In operation, any suitable freezing mixture is placed in the innermost conical
cylinder, and the material to be frozen is poured into the space between the inner-
most cylinder and the outer conical cylinder. The handle and gearing is then
rotated and the spiral or screw upon the outer surface of the innermost cylinder
forces the frozen and thoroughly mixed material through the tube at the lower end
of the outer conical casing which is surrounded by the cold jacket afore described.
Dated this 11th day of February 1892.
W. H. MUNNS,
Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Producing Cold in or Freezing Liquids.
I, JOSEPH WILFRED BOWLEY formerly of 94 Hungerford Road, Camden
Town, but now of 44 Gray's Ion Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
In the Specification of another application for Letters Patent filed by me dated
26 November 1891 No. 20563, I have described a simple, inexpensive construction
and arrangement of apparatus for rapidly producing cold in, or freezing, materials
such as those used for making ice-creams, according to which the material to be
cooled or frozen is mixed within and caused to pass by a screw conveyor through a
tube or passage cooled by a freezing agent contained within a vessel capable of
being rotated.

page_text: Now my present invention has reference to other constructions of apparatus
of this kind wherein the passage containing the screw conveyor and wherein the
material is mixed and cooled or frozen, is of annular shape in cross section being
formed by means of concentrically arranged receptacles the outer of which may be
provided with an ice jacket or with a coating of material that is a bad conductor
of heat as for example felt, whilst the inner one contains a freezing agent and is
surrounded by a screw conveyor, suitable means being provided for rotating the
inner receptacle and the screw conveyor, as I will now proceed to explain by aid
of the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and
Fig. 2 a sectional elevation illustrating one construction of apparatus according
to this invention.
1 is a fixed cylindrical receptacle or casing carried by suitable frame work 2
and provided with an inlet 3 at its upper end for material to be frozen and an
outlet 3* at its lower end. 4 is a rotary cylindrical vessel arranged concentrically
within the casing 1 with which it forms an annular passage 5 through which the
material to be frozen passes. 6 is a perforated cap or cover to prevent liquid
material flowing too rapidly through the annular passage 5 when first starting
the machine to work. After the material has become frozen this cap or cover
is removed and may by replaced by a mould into which the frozen material can
be forced. 7 is a screw conveyor arranged within the annular passage 5 so as
to surround the vessel 4. It consists, in the example shown, of a spiral screw
blade of uniform pitch, its several convolutions being connected together by bars 8
and its upper end being connected to a bevel wheel 9 by which it is carried
and driven. This bevel wheel is carried by a ball bearing 10 and is in gear with
another bevel wheel 11 fixed upon a driving shaft 12 provided with a crank
handle 13. The rotary vessel 4 which has a charging opening 4" at the top for
the introduction of a freezing agent, has fixed thereto a stirrup 14 from which
projects a cylindrical extension 15 with a collar 16, by means of which the
vessel is pivotally suspended from another stirrup 17 the ends of which are loosely
mounted on the driving shaft 12. 18 is a bevel wheel fixed upon the extension 16
and in gear with a bevel pinion 19 fixed on the driving shaft.
With the arrangement described it will be seen that assuming the vessel 4 to
be charged with a freezing agent and that materials such for example as those
used for making ice cream, are fed into the annular passage 5, then if the
driving shaft 12 be rotated, the vessel and screw conveyor 7 will be rotated
independently of each other and at different speeds, the materials will become
frozen by contact with the exterior of the vessel 4 and will be forced through
the passage by the screw conveyor.
In the modified construction shown in Fig. 3, which is a similar view to Fig. 2,
the screw conveyor 7 is fixed to the interior of the casing 1, which in this case
is fixed to the bevel wheel 9 and is mounted to rotate its lower end being
mounted within the lower conical part 1 of the passage which is fixed. The
rotary vessel 4 and the bevel wheel 9 are arranged and operated in the manner
herein before described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The casing in each arrangement may advantageously be provided with an
external ice jacket or be surrounded with material that is a bad conductor of heat
as indicated in dotted lines at 1* Fig. 2.
As will be obvious machines constructed as hereinbefore described may by suitable
modifications be so arranged that the vessel 4 and screw conveyor 7 will work with
their axes horizontal instead of vertical.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Apparatus for producing cold in, or freezing, liquids comprising an outer
casing provided with an inlet and outlet for material to be treated, an inner vessel

page_text: to contain a freezing agent and arranged concentrically within said casing so as to
form an annular passage therewith, a screw conveyor arranged within said annular
passage and means for rotating both the inner vessel and the screw conveyor
substantially as herein described for the purpose specified.
2. My improved apparatus for producing cold in, or freezing, liquids constructed,
arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2; in Fig. 3; and in Fig. 4 of the
drawings annexed.
Dated this 12th day of November 1892.