A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF PRODUCING OZONE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Rumine, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire
of Russia, and at present of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF
PRODUCING OZONE."
Sealed the 17th November 1871, and dated the 20th May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Rumine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1871.
I, PIERRE RUMINE, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia, and
at present of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS
OF PRODUCING OZONE," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention consists in the production of ozone or ozonized air by
the action of a flame of gas burning at what is known as a "Bunsen "
burner (or one substantially similar thereto) upon a current of atmo-
spheric air. The air to be ozonized is forced by blowing apparatus
through a nozzle and projected in the form of a jet against or through.
a diminished flame. The current of ozonized air is received in a funnel-

page_text: shaped tube on the opposite side of the flame leading to a receiver, in
the which the product of numerous similar jets and burners may be
collected, the receiver being fitted with a number of the said funnels
with a similar gas flame at the mouth of each through which a jet of
atmospheric air is projected.
I may also employ air having a larger proportion of oxygen than the
ordinary atmosphere.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Pierre Rumine in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
RUMINE, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia, and at present of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Pierre Rumine, Her special licence that
I, the said Pierre Rumine, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Pierre Rumine, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS
OF PRODUCING OZONE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Pierre Rumine, my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters. Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre Rumine, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the

page_text: following statement, reference being had to the two Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
My Invention consists in the production ozone or ozonized air by
the combined action of a current of atmospheric air and a flame of
ordinary gas (carburetted hydrogen C H²) burning at what is known
as a "Bunsen" burner or one substantially similar thereto. Atmo-
spheric air is forced by blowing apparatus through a nozzle and projected
horizontally or nearly so in the form of a jet against the upper part
of the flame. Moreover the said jet may with advantage be artificially
cooled by passing it through a suitable refrigerating apparatus before
supplying it to the nozzles.
The above process is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings in
which I have represented an apparatus for the production of ozone on
this principle, due observance of certain being, however, essential for
the proper action of the apparatus.
Figure 1 is a front view of the apparatus partly in section to show
its internal construction; Figure 2 is a plan or horizontal section of
same taken on line 1-1, Figure 1; Figure 3 is an end view of the
apparatus, and Figure 4 is a plan of one of the parts detached.
A, A, A, are a number of what are known as "Bunsen" burners,.
each consisting of a metal tube or chamber a in which the gas issuing
from a nipple 6 mingles with atmospheric air admitted at apertures c
the top of tube a being contracted or fitted with a cap d having an
inner flange or rim and central opening at which the mixture of gas
and air issues and is there ignited; B, B, B, are a number of nozzles,
one for each burner, and placed in such relation thereto as to direct the
jet of air against the flame as hercin-after described.
As the action of all the burners and jets is identical I will describe
the process in reference to one burner and jet only, premising that any
desired number may be employed to produce more or less ozone or
ozonized air as may be required and the said burners may be otherwise
arranged according to convenience.
The following conditions are more or less essential to the production
of ozone or ozonized air in any considerable quantity, and if not properly
observed faint traces only of ozone will be obtained, frequently accom-
panied by more or less acetelyne, nitrous acid, or unconsumed gas.

page_text: The gas, or rather the mixture of gas and air, must be perfectly consumed,
that is, burn with a nearly perfectly blue transparent flame (somewhat
resembling an alcohol flame), the relative proportions of the gas and
air being regulated so as to produce this result. I find that with a
comparatively small proportion of gas, sufficient only to support a flame
of about 2 inches in height, the best results are obtained, since if the
flame be much larger, the heat evolved is so great as to destroy the
ozone as soon as formed. The jet of air should be directed horizontally,
or nearly so, against the upper part of the flame, which should be cut
off or flattened by the force of the air current, at about two-thirds of its
height, or at the level of the apex of the inner blue cone, usually seen
within the flame. This inner cone may be very slightly tipped with
yellow when the flame is burning steadily, and before being acted on by
the air current, the hue of the flame being dependent on the proportions
in which the gas and air are admitted to the burner. It is against this
yellow tip or apex that the jet must be directed, but too much yellow
flame must be avoided, otherwise the ozone produced will be destroyed
by the heat and unconsumed gas. The more the jet of air is cooled
previous to bringing it into contact with the flame the better the result
will be. The distance of the nozzle B from the flame is dependent on
the force of the jet of air, both of which may be varied, but usually the
distance should be about two-thirds the height of the flame; and the
force of the jet of air may be increased to the highest degree of pressure
it is possible to employ without extinguishing the flame.
The apparatus may be made of brass or copper, and constructed in the
following manner:-The tubes a are fixed in a metal casing C, sup-
ported on a suitable stand D. The box C is made water-tight, and
provided with inlet and outlet pipes e and f, and kept constantly supplied
with cold water which flows through (as indicated by the arrows) and
prevents the burners being unduly heated. Within each tube a is a
second tube g sliding telescopically therein, so as to admit of the proper
adjustment of the air inlet apertures c, in reference to the gas nipples b
rising within the tubes g, the lower ends of which latter may be closed
or left open to increase the supply of air if necessary. The size of the
openings c may be regulated so as to admit a sufficient supply of air to
mix with the gas in the burner by means of a sliding collar or short
tube h. E is a gas chamber supported on the stand D, and provided
with a number of nipples 6, each consisting of a short length of tube
with a closed end having a triple slit therein as shown, but other forms

page_text: of nipple may be used. Gas is supplied to chamber E through a tube j;
F is an air chamber fitted to slide on arms D¹ of the stand D, so as to
be capable of adjustment at various heights in relation to the burners A.
Atmospheric air is supplied by blowing apparatus through tube k to
chamber F, whence it issues at each nozzle B in the form of a jet, which
by the adjustability of chamber F can be directed against the required
part of the flame. Each nozzle consists of a short tube fixed to F,
and provided with a conical or flattened cap m sliding thereon, so as to
be capable of adjustment at various distances from the flame, and with
an orifice in the form of a horizontal slit. The ozone or ozonized air
produced from each or all of the burners may be carried by the force
of the current into a funnel-shaped passage G, Figure 3, leading to a
suitable reservoir or receptacle H, in which the ozone or ozonized air
may be collected from various apparatus, and wherein it is applied to
different useful purposes. The funnel G may be made of earthenware
or of metal, with the surface enamelled to prevent oxidation, and
surrounded by a water casing as shown, through which a constant flow
of cold water is maintained.
If it should be found that the heat evolved is so great as to partially
destroy the ozone when produced this difficulty may be obviated by
placing the burners at greater distances apart, and so permit of the
dispersion of the heat.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the best manner
in which I think it can be carried into effect, I would observe that I
do not necessarily limit myself to the precise construction of apparatus
herein-before described, as this may be varied according to circumstances;
but what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, the new or improved process herein-
before described for producing ozone or ozonized air on a commercial
scale, so as to be available for various useful purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Rumine, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.