IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR BLOOMING IRON
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,. I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present. most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourteenth day of October, in the eleventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her especial. licence, full power, sole privi-
lege and authority, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,.. use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands
of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention of "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR BLOOMING IRON," being a communication, from a Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed; and to cause

page_text: the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is fully described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
2
The nature of the first part of this Invention (as communicated to me by
my Foreign Correspondent) consists in rolling and compressing puddles, balls, or
loups of iron into blooms, &c., by means of a rotating, cam-formed compresser,
combined with two or more rollers placed near to one another, and at the same
distance from the axis of motion of the compresser, so that the compression
and elongation of the loup will be due entirely to the excentricity of the com-
presser, the whole being so geared that the rollers shall turn in a direction
opposite to the motion of the compresser that the loup may be rotated and
retained between the rollers and the compresser. On the periphery of the
rollers slight projections or ribs are formed to take hold of and turn the loup
of iron, and the surface of the cam-formed compresser is provided with teeth
of varying size, the largest being on that part of the compresser which first
acts on the loup to squeeze out the impurities, and at the same time ensure
the turning of the loup, and thence gradually diminishing until the surface of
the compresser becomes quite or nearly smooth to finish the bloom.
And the second part of the Invention consists in combining with the com-
presser and rollers two cheeks, one on each side thereof, and provided with
springs that force them towards one another, that they may yield to the ends
of the loups of iron as it is lengthened out by the action of the compresser and
rollers, and at the same time to make sufficient resistance to give a proper
form to the ends of the bloom, &c.
And the third part of the Invention consists in combining with the com-
presser and rollers a feeder or sliding frame, operated by a projection on the
compresser or the shaft thereof to carry in the ball of iron between the com-
presser and rollers, as that part of the compresser which is recessed for this
purpose comes round to the proper place for the introduction of a ball, and for
the discharge of the bloom which has just been compressed. And also in
combining in like manner a follower for discharging the bloom after it has
been completed.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a frout elevation of the machine;
Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, a vertical section taken at the line X, X, of
Fig. 1; and Fig. 4, a like section taken at the line Z, Z, of the same Figure.
The same letters indicate like parts in all the Figures. 1-a represents the
bed plate of the machine, to which are securely bolted four standards or
frames b, b, b, b, properly adapted, as represented to the operative parts of the
machine. In the lower part of these standards there are two horizontal and
parallel shafts c, c, coupled in the usual manner of rolling mills, and these carry
the two bed rollers d, d, placed so near together as just to clear one another in
turning. The surface of these rollers is formed with ribs or cogs which project
just enough to take hold of the loup of iron and insure its turning. In the
upper part of the frame there is another and parallel shaft f, which carries
the rotating compresser g, the periphery of which is cam-formed, as represented
in Fig. 3, where the red lines represent circles concentric with the shaft, and
of a diameter equal to the smallest and greatest diameter of the compresser.
The cam-form surface that acts on the iron commences at 1, at the smallest
dameter, and extends around three fourths of the circumference. It runs out
from the axis with a sudden curve from the point 1 to 2, for the purpose of
squeezing the loup of iron suddenly when first put into the machine, and when
in a highly heated state to force.out the impurities; and then from the point 2
to 3 it gradually runs out from the axis in the form of a segment of an excen-
tric circle, to act gradually on the iron, and lengthen it out in the direction of
the axis of motion; and from the point 3 to 4 (where the cam-form ends) it
still gradually recedes from the axis; but from to 4 to 4* it slightly approaches
the axis; from 4* to 1 (the point of beginning) it is recessed for the
remaining quarter of the circumference to give room for the discharge of
the bloom, and the introduction of a new ball or loup to be acted upon.
From the point 1 to 3 the cam-formed surface is grooved to form cogs, which
from the point 1 to 2 are very deep, that they may suddenly force their way into
the loups of iron, and squeeze out the impurities by an operation somewhat
resembling the kneeding of dough; and from the point 2 to 3 these cogs or
projections are gradually reduced in size; and from 3 to 4, they gradually dis-
appear, to smooth the surface of the bloom, the cam-form slightly approaching
the axis as its surface becomes smooth. This is the form which is deemed best
for the purpose contemplated; but I do not wish to confine myself to it, as it
may be varied within changing the principle of the Invention. The shafts of the
rollers have each of them a cog pinion h, the two being of equal diameter that
the rollers may turn with equal velocity; and they are turned in the same
direction by an intermediate pinion i, which also engages with the cog wheel j,

page_text: on the shaft of the compresser, that it (the compresser) may act on the loup
of iron in a direction the reverse of the peripheries of the two rollers; and the
diameter of the pitch line of the pinions and the cog wheel is such, relatively
to the diameter of the, rollers and the compresser, as to cause them to act on
the loups of iron in opposite directions and with nearly equal velocities, that the
loups may be turned on its axis and retained in proper place between the
rollers and compresser. Above the two rollers and on the sides of the com
presser are placed two cheeks 1, 1, one on each side. These are plates of metal
with their inner surfaces slightly curved to "upset" the ends of the loups of iron
when drawn out to come against them by the action of the compresser, and
to enable these cheeks to yield to the gradual elongation of the loups as the
bloom is being formed. These cheeks have each of them two round bolts or
guide rods extending out from their outer faces, and passing through appro-
priate holes in the standard frames, which act as guides when the cheeks move
in and out. Helical springs m, m, surround the bolts and bear against the
inner face of the standard frames and against the outer faces of the cheeks to
force them towards one another, and to make the requisite pressure against
the ends of the iron. To prevent the cheeks from coming in contact with the
sides of the compresser, the outer ends of the bolts have pins passing through
them, which check them at the required place. The form which is preferred
to be given to the inner face of these cheeks is represented in Figs. 5 and 6,
which are a horizontal and a vertical section of one of them taken at the
lines 1, 2, 3, and. 4, of Fig. 3; but this form is given merely as a represen-
tation of the form which is deemed the best, not wishing to limit myself to
this form, as it may be variously altered without varying the principle of the
Invention. At the front part of the machine there is an inclined table n, on
which the ball or loup of iron to be worked is placed, and resting against
a bar o of a feeding frame, which consist of this bar o, and two arms p, p,
that slide in ways q on each side of the compresser. The rear ends of these
arms are turned up as at r, r, and there are two pins s,'s, projecting from the
faces of the compresser one on each side, and so placed that when the recess
in the compresser reaches the rollers the pins s, s, strike the turned-up ends
of the arms of the feeding frame, and roll in the ball or loup of iron to be
acted upon by the compresser, and at the same time the formed bloom is
forced out by a follower t, which is jointed to one end of a lever u, that turns
on a fulcrum pin at v, the other end being jointed to a rod w, that has a pro-
jection on the side of it that is struck at the proper time by an arm x on the
compresser shaft, to push forward the follower and discharge the bloom:
A springy is connected with the lever to draw back the follower so soon as

page_text: the bloom has been discharged. The shafts of the rollers turn in stationary
It
boxes, which may be adjusted by set screws z, z, in the usual way.
will be obvious from the foregoing, that any slight change may be made in
the form of the compresser or rollers in the manner of mounting them, or in
the cheeks, and the manner of forcing them up against the ends of the bloom,
and in the manner of operating the feeding frame and discharging follower,
without materially affecting the principle of the Invention, as pointed out
above.
Having now described the nature of the Invention of Improved Machinery
for Blooming Iron, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it
to be understood that, under the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim
the general arrangement of the machinery, as above described and shewn in
the Drawing, for compressing or shingling puddles, balls, or loups of iron into
blooms.
Secondly, I claim the spring or yielding cheeks for "setting up" the ends
of the blooms in combination with the combined cam-formed compresser and
rollers.
And, finally, I claim the feeder and discharging follower in combination
with the combined cam-formed compresser and rollers for the purpose and in
the manner described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.