Improvements in the Manufacture of Concrete and Cement Fire Proof Building Materials and Parts of Buildings, Bridges, and other Structures, Safes, Strong Rooms, Slabs, Blocks, Baths, Tanks, and other Articles, Parts, and Receptacles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Concrete and Cement Fire
Proof Building Materials and Parts of Buildings, Bridges, and
other Structures, Safes, Strong Rooms, Slabs, Blocks, Baths,
Tanks, and other Articles, Parts, and Receptacles.
I ROBERT BRISTOW LEE of the Titancrete Company of 8 Deansgate Manchester
in the County of Lancaster Engineers and Contractors do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention to be as follows:-
My said Invention which relates to the manufacture of concreteand cement building
inaterials and parts of buildings bridges and other structures safes, strong Rooms,
doors steps and treads, railway sleepers and tram rail stools, partitions, pillars, girders
beans, billiard table tops, flooring, paving tanks, baths, troughs, cisterns and other
parts and receptacles consists inter alia in improvements upon and amplifications of a
foriner invention for which Letters Patent No. 14726 of the year 1885 were granted
to me in conjunction with James Hodgson. Under the said former invention the said
materials, slabs, blocks and parts are composed of combinations of concrete or cement
with metallic frameworks or skeletons upon and around which the concrete or cement
is run, pressed or moulded whereby the said concrete or cement parts have a fibrous
tenacity and strength which does not exist when concrete or cement alone is used. In
carrying the said former invention into effect and especially in cases where the
members of the metallic trellis work or skeleton are some little distance apart, I have
found that it greatly expedites the coating operation and also adds to the strength of
the finished article, to have the interstices between the members of the skeleton filled
up or connected by woven or intertwisted wire work not necessarily possessing any
considerable strength in itself but giving a foot hold and means of adhesive attach-
inent between the skeleton members to the concrete or cement. The addition of this
wire work is particularly useful in making thin slabs or in manufacturing baths,
troughs and the like the sides of which are of no great thickness. The wire work
inay if desired be so manufactured or so interlaced into the skeleton as to present

page_text: innumerable projecting points knobs and roughnesses which become embedded in the
soft concrete or cement and hold it firmly when it is dried and set. I am aware that
it has been proposed to use wire netting in combination with concrete in the manu-
facture of pipes telegraph posts and other articles but under my improvements the
woven or intertwisted wire work is used only as a secondary and auxilliary addition
and chiefly to expedite the coating of the strong skeleton of iron or steel which is the
real strength giving element in the concrete or cement article. The wire work addition
is of use when applied to the manufacture of bodies liable to shocks as it tends to
prevent cracking.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Concrete and Cement Fire
Proof Building Materials and Parts of Buildings, Bridges, and
other Structures, Safes, Strong Rooms, Slabs, Blocks, Baths,
Tanks, and other Articles, Parts, and Receptacles.
1 ROBERT BRISTOW LEE of the Titancrete Company of 8 Deansgato, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and contractors do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings
My said Invention which relates to the manufacture of concrete and cement
building materials and parts of buildings, bridges and other structures, safes, strong
rooms, doors, steps and treads, railway sleepers and train rail stools, partitions, pillars,
girders, beans, billiard table tops, flooring, paving, tanks, baths, troughs, cisterns and
other parts and receptacles, consists interalia in improvements upon and amplifications
of a former invention for which Letters Patent No. 14726 of the year 1885 were
granted to me in conjunction with Jaines Hodgson. Under the said former invention
the said materials, slabs, blocks and parts are composed of combinations of concrete
or cement with metallic frameworks or skeletons upon and around which the concrete
or cement is run, pressed or moulded whereby the said concrete or cement parts havo
a fibrous tenacity and strength which does not exist when concrete or cement alone is
used. In carrying the said former invention into effect and especially in cases where
the members of the metallic trellis work or skeleton are some little distance apart, I
have found that itgreatly expedites the coating operation and also adds to the strength
of the finished article, to have the interstices between the members of the skeleton
filled up or connected by woven or intertwisted wire work not necessarily possessing
any considerable strength in itself but giving a hold and means of adhesive attach-
inent between the skeleton meinbers to the concrete or cement. The addition of this
wire work is particularly useful in making thin slabs or in manufacturing baths,
troughs and the like, the sides of which are of no great thickness. The wire work
may if desired be so manufactured or so interlaced into the skeleton as to present
innumerable projecting points, knots and roughnesses which become embedded in the
soft concrete or cement and hold it firmly when it is dried and set. I am aware that
it has been proposed to use wire netting in combination with concrete in the manu-
facture of pipes, telegraph posts and other articles, but under my improvements the
woven or intertwisted wire work is used only as a secondary and auxiliary addition
and chiefly to expedite the coating of the strong skeleton of iron or steel which is the
real strength giving element in the concrete or cement article. The wire work addition
is of use when applied to the manufacture of bodies liable to shocks as it tends to
prevent cracking.

page_text: The accompanying sheet of drawings is intended to illustrate a slab a tank or
cistern and a bath made in accordance with my said invention. Fig. 1 represents a
slab a broken off so as to show the metallic core or skeleton composed of lengths b of
steel or other metal which are arranged across each other as shown. Between the
lengths b I place a sheet c or sheets of wire netting or of woven or intertwisted wire
which may if desired be tied or secured to the cross pieces b. The steel skeleton b
and the wire netting are coated with the soft concrete or cement or imbedded therein,
the netting which extends between the members baffording a support and hold to the
concrete or cement and thus facilitating its application to the inetallic skeleton b.
Fig. 2 is a section of the slab showing the position of the wire netting a between the
cross rows of the sectional steel members b. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a cistern
or tank d made in the same manner as the slab a or composed of cross pieces e of steel
or other suitable metal and having the aforesaid accompanying wire netting c or woven
or intertwisted wire to assist in receiving and retaining the soft cement or concrete as
it is applied to the metallic skeleton e. In Fig. 3 a portion of the side of the tank is
broken away to show the construction of the skeleton. In making the tank & I
prefer to make the skeleton e with its netting of the rectangular form which the tank
is to assume and thereafter to coat or cover the metallic skeleton with the cement or
concrete. I thus obtain a cistern or tank which has no metal joints and can neither
corrode nor leak. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a bath of a construction similar to
that of the tank shown at Fig. 3. In some cases the metallic members of the skeleton
might not cross. In the manufacture of baths and other objects and receptacles
susceptible of ornamentation I may colour or tint the cement or concrete before
applying it or I may apply or run in variously coloured cement or cements so as to
imitate marble or other materials.
My invention is applicable to the manufacture of a multiplicity of objects not
particularly specified or illustrated. For example slabs made as in Fig. 1 are
applicable in the manufacture of billiard table tops or steps or treads, and generally
the invention is applicable in the manufacture of fire proof building materials or for
materials for bridges and other structures, safes, strong rooms,doors.partitions,columns,
girders, paving slabs, troughs and other parts and receptacles which it is desirable to
make cheap, light trustworthy and strong.
'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
(1) In the manufacture of materials, objects, and receptacles of the indicated
nature and composed of cement or concrete with a metallic skeleton or core, the
combination of wire netting or woven or intertwisted wire with the said metallic
skeleton, for the purposes and substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
(2) The improved slab or block of concrete or cement and having a metallic
skeleton or core combined with wire netting or woven or intertwisted wire, substantially
as described and as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
(3) The arrangement and construction of tank or cistern' substantially as described
and as shown at Fig. 3.
(4) The improved bath constructed and formed in the manner and substantially as
described and shown at Fig. 4 of the drawings.
Dated this 26th day of July 1888.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.