Improvements in Looms for the Manufacture of Tufted or Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 10th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 13th Feb., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for the Manufacture of Tufted or Pile
Fabrics.
We SAMPSON ZACHARY LLOYD and GEORGE WHITFIELD NAYLOR both of
35 Mill Street Kidderminster in the County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturers
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
Our present improvements relate more particularly to apparatus, for which
Letters Patent were granted to us dated the 29th day of November 1887
No. 16400; applicable to looms for the production of pile fabrics, such as are
known as Wiltons and Axminster and the like tufted or pile carpets.
In making use of the yarn carriers, as therein described in the Specification of
the aforesaid Letters Patent, a difficulty has been found to arise from the knots in
the worsted not readily passing the spring in the carrier. When such knots occur,
the weaver has been obliged to pull them through by hand.
To overcome this difficulty, we make the yarn carrier, so that whilst at one time
it may hold the ends of worsted firmly, it will at other times permit the free
passage of the same and also of any knots or other obstructions.
For this purpose, the carrier is made, as in our former Patent, of two strips (say)
of steel united together by blocks, to which both strips are attached by small
rivets. Underneath each block is a catch, centred in a pin which is pressed upwards
by a spring against the block. The worsted is passed between each block and its
corresponding catch and is there firmly held by the pressure of the spring except
when the pressure is removed in the following manner.
An iron or like straight edge or bar is carried by curved levers or arms in front
of the yarn carriers.
The said arms, are attached to each of the brackets which form the frame of the
machine by pins on which they move.
At the opposite extremity of these arms to that which carries the bar are two
cams one on each side of the loom. These are keyed on to the cam shafts which
give motion to the other parts of the machine.
The cams give a vertical rocking motion to the arms thus causing the bar to
advance and recede from the yarn carriers with a slight upward motion. The bar
is attached to the two arms by gudgeons and has thus a rotary motion in a vertical
direction, independent of the levers.
At each end of the bar is a projecting lever or handle, connected by pin con-
nection with a bell crank lever. The pin is free to slide in a slot in the front end
of the lever, as the bar is moved backwards and forwards. The rear arm of the
lever is actuated by a cam, which gives to it an upward movement when required,
thus depressing the front arm of the lever and by means of the projection, giving
a downward rotatory movement to the bar.
The nippers rise to the appropriate position and seize the tufts of worsted pro-
jecting from the front of the yarn carriers.
This action is more fully described hereafter.
The bar or straight edge is then brought forward by arms; actuated by cams to
the proper position when it engages with a notch or projection in the front part of
each of the catches.
The straight edge then receives a downward rotatory motion by means of the
bell crank levers actuated by a suitable cam and thus presses down the whole row
of catches opposite to it.
The yarn is now free to move in the carriers, the nippers recede to the required
listance.

page_text: The bar or straight edge is withdrawn to its first position.
The blades are then brought together and cut off the required length of fringe,
which is carried down by the nippers, to be woven into the carpet in the ordinary
manner.
The yarn carriers are then reassorted by the jacquard motion acting through
levers and stops, and this may be effected in manner such as is described in our
Patent of November 1887 before referred to.
The operation for opening and closing the nippers is as follows:-
The nipper plates are attached to the rocking bar the upper plate by hinges and
the lower plate directly by screws.
This rocking bar is supported at each end by projecting trunnions as in the
Specifications of our former Patent already referred to, but instead of the arrange-
ment for opening and closing them therein described according to our present
arrangement we place on each of the said trunnions a mitre wheel which gears into
another mitre wheel upon a shaft mounted in bearings borne at opposite sides of each
of the lifting levers. The levers are each mounted on the axis carried by the brackets
which are attached to the frame of the loom. On the opposite ends of these two
shafts are bevel wheels gearing into wheels which are carried on each end. of..the
lever shaft and are actuated by side levers and cams and on the short cam shafts in
opposite directions. The mitre wheels on the trunnions of the rocking, bar are
thus made to revolve through the segment of a circle in opposite directions.
The mitre wheel at one end of the rocking shaft is keyed on to the trunnion and.
therefore causes the rocking shaft to move through any required angle.
The mitre wheel on the opposite trunnion is loose on the same but is attached to
a bracket moving freely on the same trunnion, this bracket, carries a bar running
the whole length of the rocking bar at right angles to the nippers and passing over
the projecting ends of the hinges to which hinges the upper nipper plate is attached.
When therefore the bracket and mitre wheel attached to it revolve the rocking bar
bearing the lower. nipper plate, remaining stationary causes the hinges to open and
releases or seizes the ends of worsted when required.
Dated the 10th day of March 1801
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for the Manufacture of Tufted or Pile
Fabrics.
We SAMPSON ZACHARY LLOYD and GEORGE WHITFIELD NAYLOR both of
35 Mill Street Kidderminster in the County of Worcester Carpet Manufacturers do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our present improvements relate more particularly to apparatus, for, which
Letters Patent were granted to us dated the. 29th day of November 1887
No. 16400; applicable to looms for the production of pile fabrics, such as,, are
known as Wiltons and Axminster and the like-tufted or pile carpets.
In making use of the yarn carriers, as described in the Specification of the
aforesaid Letters Patent, a difficulty has been found to arise from the knots in the
worsted not readily passing the spring in the carrier..
When such knots occur, the weaver has been obliged to pull them through.
by hand.
To overcome this difficulty, we make the yarn carrier, so that whilst at one time
it may hold the ends of worsted firmly, it will at other times permit the free.
passage of the same and also of knots or other obstructions.
For this purpose, the carrier is made, as in our former Patent, of two strips.(say),
of steel united together by blocks, to which both strips are attached by small

page_text: rivets. Underneath cach block is a catch, centred in a pin which is pressed
upwards by a spring against the block. The worsted is passed between each block
and its corresponding catch and is there firmly held by the pressure of the spring,
except when the pressure is removed in the following manner.
An iron or like straight edge or bar is carried by curved levers or arms in front
of the yarn carriers.
The said arms, are attached to each of the brackets which form the frame of
the machine by pins on which they move.
At the opposite extremity of these arms to that which carries the bar are two
cams one on each side of the loom. These are keyed on to the cam shafts which
give motion to the other parts of the machine.
The cams give a vertical rocking motion to the arms thus causing the bar to
advance and recede from the yarn carriers with a slight upward motion. The bar
is attached to the two arms by gudgeons and has this a rotary motion in a vertical
5 direction, independent of the levers.
At each end of the bar is a projecting lever or handle, connected by pin con-
nection with a bell crank lever. The pin is free to slide in a slot in the front end
of the lever, as the bar is moved backwards and forwards. "The rear arm of the
lever is actuated by a cam, which gives to it an upward movement when required,
thus depressing the front arm of the lever and by means of the projection, giving a
downward rotatory movement to the bar.
The nippers rise to the appropriate position and seize the tufts of worsted pro-
jecting from the front of the yarn carriers.
This action is more fully described hereafter.
The bar or straight edge is then brought forward by arms; actuated by cams
to the proper position when it engages with a notch or projection in the front part
of each of the catches.
The straight edge then receives a downward rotatory motion by means of the
bell crank levers actuated by a suitable cam and thus presses down the whole row
of catches opposite to it.
The yarn is now free to move in the carriers the nippers recede to the required
distance.
The bar or straight edge is withdrawn to its first position.
The cutting blades are then brought together and cut off the required length of
fringe, which is carried down by the nippers, to be woven into the carpet in the
ordinary manner.
The yarn carriers are then reassorted by the jacquard motion acting through
levers and stops, and this may be effected in manner such as is described in our
Patent of November 1887 before referred to.
:-
The operation for opening and closing the nippers is as follows:-
The nipper plates are attached to the rocking bar the upper plate by hinges and
the lower plate directly by screws.
This rocking bar is supported at each end by projecting trunnions as in the
Specification of our former Patent already referred to but instead of the arrange-
ment for opening and closing them therein described according to our present
arrangement we place on each of the said trunnions a mitre wheel which gears
into another mitre wheel upon a shaft mounted in bearings borne on one side of
each of the lifting levers. The levers are each mounted on a common shaft or
axis carried by the brackets which are attached to the frame of the loom. On the
opposite ends of the two side shafts are bevel wheels gearing into wheels which are
carried on each end of the lever shaft or axis and are actuated by side levers and
cams, on the short cam shafts, in opposite directions. The mitre wheels on the
trunnions of the rocking bar are thus made to, revolve through the segment of a
circle in opposite directions, or the one may be held stationary whilst the other is
caused to move by its lever and cam.
The mitre wheel at one end of the rocking shaft is keyed onto the trunnion and
therefore causes the rocking shaft to move through any required angle.

page_text: The mitre wheel on the opposite trunnion is loose on the same but is attached to
a bracket moving freely on the same trunnion, this bracket carries a bar running
the whole length of the rocking bar at right angles to the nippers and passing over
the projecting ends of the hinges to which hinges the upper nipper plate is attached.
When therefore the bracket and mitre wheel attached to it revolve the rocking bar 5
bearing the lower nipper plate, remaining stationary or revolving in the opposite
direction, the hinges release or seize the ends of worsted when required.
The mitre wheel on the opposite trunnion is loose on the same but is attached to
a bracket moving freely on the same trunnion, this bracket carries a bar running
the whole length of the rocking bar at right angles to the nippers and passing over
the projecting ends of the hinges to which hinges the upper nipper plate is attached.
When therefore the bracket and mitre wheel attached to it revolve the rocking bar
bearing the lower nipper plate, remaining stationary or revolving in the opposite
direction, the hinges release or seize the ends of worsted when required.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the machine arranged to carry out the present
invention.
Fig. 2 is a section of the same on line B B, Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a section on line CC of the same figure.
Figs. 4, 5, 6 show the principal "movements" in succession to a larger scale.
Figs. 6 and 7 also show the yarn carriers in detail.
The yarn carrier is made as in our former Patent of two strips of steel a and b
(Figs. 6 and 7) united together by blocks a¹ to which both strips are attached by
small rivets.
Underneath each block is a catch ' centred on a pin & which is pressed upwards
by a spring. This spring is shown in Fig. 4 against the block a¹.
The worsted is passed between each block and its corresponding catch b¹ and
is there firmly held by the pressure of the spring 13, except when this pressure is
removed in the following manner :—
An iron, or like straight edge or bar, y is carried by curved levers, or arms, hh
in front of the yarn carriers. The arms hh are attached to each of the brackets A A
which form the frame of the machine by a pin on which they move. At the
opposite extremity of the arms hh to that which carries the bar are two cams /²
one on each side of the loom. These are keyed on to the cam shafts j,j which give
motion to other parts of the machine. The left hand cam g' is shown in the section
Fig. 3, but is omitted in Fig. 2 for sake of clearness. The cams ²² give a vertical
rocking motion to the arms thus causing the bar g to advance and recede from
the yarn carriers a, b, with an upward motion. The bar is attached to the
two arms by gudgeons gly' and has thus a rotary motion in a vertical direction
independent of the levers h.
At each end of the bar is a projecting lever or handle y² connected by a pin g³
with the bell crank lever g*.
The pin is free to slide in a slot in the front end of the lever y as the bar gis
moved backwards and forwards. The rear arm of the lever g is actuated by a
cam which gives to it an upward movement when required thus depressing the
front arm of the lever ' and by means of the projecting handle 9' giving a down-
ward rotatory movement to the bar g.
This action is shown in successive positions in the Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 which
represent a section of the machine on the line CC Fig. 1 looking towards the left
hand side, non-essential parts being omitted.
In section Fig. 3 the nippers are shown in their lowest position, the bar or
straight edge is also at its lowest point, the cutting blades tt open the yarn
carriers a, b, at rest.
The nippers rise to the position shown in Fig. 4 and seize the tufts of worsted
projecting from the front of the yarn carriers f. This action is more fully
described hereafter.
The bar or straight edge y is then brought forward by the arms
actuated by
the cams ²² to the position shown in Figure 5, it engages with a notch or pro-
jection in the front part of each of the catches b¹.
The straight edge g then receives a downward motion by means of the lever o
actuated by the cam 9° and thus presses down the whole row of catches b' opposite
to it and assumes the position shown in Fig. 5

page_text: The yarn is now free to move in the carriers a,b, the nippers f recede to the
required distance as shown in Fig. 6 according to the length of fringe desired
The bar or straight edge g is withdrawn to its first position thus allowing the lip
or catch to close upon the worsted and again hold it firmly (best seen in Figs. 4
and 6 wherein parts of the thread carriers are broken away to better show the
catch ¹).
The blades t, t, are then brought together by means of a pair of levers and
cams 2 (best seen in Figs. 2 and 6).
There is a pair of these levers at each end of the blades that is on each sile of
the loom those on the left hand being made to act a little in advance of those of
the right so as to give the necessary shearing action
The operations for opening and closing the nippers are as follows:-The nipper
plates ff Figs. 1 and 2 are attached to the rocking bark, the upper plate by hinges
carrying projecting tail pieces 3 the lower one directly by screws. The rocking bar k
is supported at each end by projecting gudgeons * as in the Specification of our said
former Patent but instead of the arrangements for opening and closing them,
therein described, according to our present arrangement, we place in each of the
said gudgeons a mitre or bevel wheel, which gears into other mitre wheels
upon shafts 3 mounted on bearings, borne on one side of each of the lifting
levers cc.
The levers cc are keyed on opposite ends of the axis or shaft m which is carried
by the brackets A A attached to the frame of the loom and in which the said shaft
is free to move. One of the levers is actuated by a connecting rod c¹ and lever c
(Figs. 2 and 3) which is raised or lowered when required by a cam on the main cam
shaft of the loom (not shewn in the drawing). These levers may however be
actuated from a cam on the shaft if preferred. On the opposite end of the
shafts to the mitre wheels are bevel wheels gearing into wheels m¹m² on
opposite extremities of the lever shaft m on which they move freely.
To each of these wheels is attached a lever m² m² actuated by side levers m³, m³
the latter are moved as required by two cams nn, one on each side of the loom.
These are carried by the short cani shafts jj which are caused to rotate at the same
speed as the main cam shaft of the loom. The cams n, n shown in side view Fig. 2
cause the levers m³ ³ to move in opposite directions when required thus causing
the mitre wheels on the gudgeons * of the rocking bar to rotate through the
segment of a circle. The mitre wheel at one end of the rocking shaft or bar k is
firmly keyed to the same and causes it to rotate.
The mitre wheel on the opposite gudgeon is loose but is attached to a bracket s
moving with it on the same gudgeon. This bracket carries a bar running the
whole length of the rocking bar at right angles to the nippers and passing over the
projecting ends or tail pieces of the hinges to which the upper nipper plates are
attached. When therefore the brackets and mitre wheel A attached to it revolve
the rocking bar bearing the lower nipper plate remaining stationary or if desirable
being caused to move in the opposite direction by the cam n the nipper plates open
to seize the worsted or release it as required. When not so actuated they are
closed by spiral springs fcoiled on the rod and pressing with one extremity
against the bark and the other against the under side of the tail pieces f³. The
cam n on the left hand side of the loom acting through the levers m², m³ and mitre
wheels m¹ and regulate the position of the bark and the nippers both
with regard to the yarn carriers ab at the upper part of the stroke and with regard
to the warp at the lower part of the stroke. The cam n on the right hand side of
the loom with its levers and wheels performs the opening and shutting of the
nippers in each of the above positions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed. we declare that what we claim is
In looms for the manufacture of tufted or pile carpets or fabrics.
1 The combination or arrangement of parts of yarn carriers with catches and

page_text: springs whereby the yarn is held, a bar or straight edge operating to release the
yarn and means for actuating the same, substantially as described.
2 The combination or arrangement and use in yarn carriers of catches and
springs to hold the yarn with a bar or straight edge to release the same and suitable
means for operating the whole.
3: The combination or arrangement and use of parts whereby the nipper
plates are actuated by cams operated by levers and gear wheels in the manner
described.
Dated the 8th day of December 1891.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.