Improvements relating to the Preparation and Bottling of Carbonated Beverages and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1886

page_text: Improvements relating to the Preparation and Bottling of
Carbonated Beverages and to Apparatus therefor.
I, FRIEDRICH ADOLF REIHLEN, of Stuttgart, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the preparation and bottling of liquids, charged with
carbonic acid gas, for beverages, and to apparatus therefor.
The said invention consists essentially in placing the liquid to be carbonated into a
receptacle, hereinafter termed the fermenting receptacle, in which, according to its
condition, it is either fermented, or in which it is impregnated with carbonic acid gas.
In the former case a pure ferment (for example that known by the name of Reihlen's
fermenting fibre) is placed with the liquid in the receptacle, and the liquid is then
left to stand until the fermentation takes place. The air contained in the receptacle
is expelled, through a cock, by the carbonic acid gas developed. When no air remains
the cock is closed and the gases are retained. As soon as the gauge indicates the desired
pressure within the receptacle the bottling is commenced. This is effected as
follows:-
Each bottle is first filled with liquid similar to that introduced to the fermenting
receptacle and is then placed in connection with two pipes. One of these pipes
communicates with the upper part of the fermenting receptacle and allows the carbonic
acid gas contained therein under pressure to flow into the bottle, the latter being
previously turned upside down. The carbonic acid entering the bottle displaces the
liquid therein, which liquid flows through the second pipe to a special receptacle
situated below the bottling apparatus.
.This second receptacle is in connection with the upper part of the fermenting
receptacle, on the one hand, by a simple pipe and, on the other hand, by a second
pipe in which a pump is inserted.

page_text: When the bottle is emptied of liquid and is filled only with carbonic acid gas, it is,
without permitting the carbonic acid gas to escape, turned again with its opening
upwards, and is then filled with carbonated liquid through a pipe which communicates
with the bottom of the fermenting receptacle, the latter being placed at a higher level
than the bottle. While the filling is taking place, the carbonic acid gas contained in
the bottle rises again through the filling pipe and passes back to the fermenting
receptacle.
The second receptacle into which the liquid first filled into the bottle flows is from
time to time emptied by a pump, the liquid being forced into the fermenting
receptacle.
If the liquid is to be carbonated by impregnation with carbonic acid gas, and not
by fermentation, the receptacle, in which the liquid to be impregnated is contained,
is permanently connected with apparatus for generating carbonic acid gas, and in
such a manner that the carbonic acid gas in the receptacle is constantly maintained
at a certain pressure. In other respects the processes are the same as hereinbefore
described.
The apparatus which I preferably employ for carrying out the process of preparing
and bottling comprises a receptacle, into which the liquid to be fermented is placed
together with the ferment, and which is hereinafter termed the fermenting receptacle.
The ferment, in order that it shall not mix with the liquid, is enclosed in one or more
bags or receptacles having perforated walls.
When the fermentation has taken place in the fermenting receptacle, an air cock
inserted in a pipe communicating with a second receptacle is opened, and kept open
until the carbonic acid gas evolved has expelled all the air from the fermenting
receptacle as well as from all the accessories connected therewith. The air cock is
then closed and, as soon as the necessary pressure of the carbonic acid gas exists, the
bottling begins. The bottling is effected by means of apparatus comprising three
cocks hereinafter termed the first, second and third cocks.
The first cock is, through a pipe, in communication with the bottom of the fer-
menting receptacle. The second cock is carried upon trunnions so that it can be
turned upon its horizontal axis which is in line with the axes of the other cocks, and
it has an outflow situated at right angles to the said axis. It is moreover provided
with a bow, the cross piece of which carries a screw terminating in a plate. The
third cock is, in connection with the second receptacle which communicates, at its
upper and lower ends with the upper and lower parts respectively of the fermenting
receptacle. In the pipe leading to the upper part a pump is inserted.
The
The bottling is effected as follows:-The three cocks being closed, the bottle, which
is previously filled with liquid similar to that introduced into the fermenting receptacle,
is placed upon the plate carried by the bow and pressed by the screw firmly against
the opening of the second cock. The latter is then turned with the bow and bottle
half a revolution, so that the bottle is placed with its opening downwards.
second and third cocks are then opened, the consequence being that the liquid flows
from the bottle into the second receptacle, and as this is also filled with carbonic acid
gas under pressure, owing to its free communication with the fermenting receptacle,
carbonic acid gas will enter into the bottle and gradually fill the same in proportion as
the liquid flows out.
When the liquid has completely run out of the bottle, and the latter is filled with
carbonic acid gas, the second cock together with the bottle is again reversed. The
third cock is now closed, and the first cock is opened, the result of which is that
the effervescing liquid passes from the fermenting receptacle into the bottle, whilst the
carbonic acid displaced from the said bottle passes in the opposite direction to the
liquid into the fermenting receptacle.
When the bottle is filled the first and second cocks are closed, and the filled bottle
is taken from the bow and corked. The liquid collecting in the second receptacle is
from time to time pumped into the fermenting receptacle where it is fermented or
impregnated with carbonic acid,

page_text: The third cock can be so arranged that it is automatically opened when the second
cock with the bow is turned upwards, and automatically closed when the second cock
with the bow is turned downwards.
In this manner the bottling becomes continuous and requires to be interrupted only
when the cleaning of the fermenting receptacle should be necessary. If two
fermenting receptacles are used, an interruption of the operation need not occur at
all, one receptacle being then in use while the other is cleaned.
Dated this 4th day of October 1886.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to the Preparation and Bottling of
Carbonated Beverages and to Apparatus therefor.
I, FRIEDRICH ADOLF REIHLEN of Stuttgart in the Empire of Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the preparation and bottling of liquids, charged with
carbonic acid gas, for beverages, and to apparatus therefor.
The said invention consists essentially in placing the liquid to be carbonated into a
receptacle, hereinafter termed the fermenting receptacle, in which according to its
condition, it is either fermented, or in which it is impregnated with carbonic acid gas.
In the former case a pure ferment (for example that known by the name of Reihlen's
fermenting fibre) is placed with the liquid in the receptacle, and the liquid is then left
to stand until the fermentation takes place. The air contained in the receptacle is
expelled through a cock by the carbonic acid gas developed. When no air remains
the cock is closed and the gases are retained. As soon as the gauge indicates the
desired pressure within the receptacle the bottling is commenced. This is effected
as follows.
Each bottle is first filled with liquid similar to that introduced to the fermenting
receptacle and is then placed in connection with two pipes. One of these pipes
communicates with the upper part of the fermenting receptacle and allows the carbonic
acid gas contained therein under pressure to flow into the bottle, the latter being
previously turned upside down. The carbonic acid gas entering the bottle displaces
the liquid therein, which liquid flows through the second pipe to a special receptacle
situated below the bottling apparatus.
This second receptacle is in connection with the upper part of the fermenting
receptacle, on the one hand, by a simple pipe and, on the other hand, by a second
pipe in which a pump is inserted.
When the bottle is emptied of liquid and is filled only with carbonic acid gas it is,
without permitting the carbonic acid gas to escape, turned again with its opening
upwards, and is then filled with carbonated liquid through a pipe which communicates
with the bottom of the fermenting receptacle, the latter being placed at a
level than the bottle. While the filling is taking place the carbonic acid gas contained
higher
in the bottle rises again through the filling pipe and passes back to the fermenting
receptacle.

page_text: The second receptacle into which the liquid first filled into the bottle flows, is from
time to time, emptied by a pump, the liquid being forced into the fermenting
receptacle.
If the liquid is to be carbonated by impregnation with carbonic acid gas, and not
by fermentation, the receptacle, in which the liquid to be impregnated is contained,
is permanently connected with apparatus for generating carbonic acid gas, and in
such a manner that the carbonic acid gas in the receptacle is constantly maintained at
a certain pressure.
In other respects the processes are the same as hereinbefore
described.
The apparatus which I preferably employ for carrying out the processes of preparing
and bottling is represented in the accompanying drawing, the figures of which are
hereinafter referred to.
A is the fermenting receptacle into which the liquid to be fermented is placed
together with the ferment. The ferment, in order that it shall not mix with the
liquid, is enclosed in one or more bags or receptacles F having perforated walls.
When the fermentation has taken place in the receptacle A the air cock a inserted
in the pipe c is opened and kept open until the carbonic acid gas evolved has expelled
all the air from the receptacle A as well as from all the accessories connected there-
with. The cock a is then closed and, as soon as the necessary pressure of the carbonic
acid gas exists the bottling begins. The bottling is effected by means of the
apparatus B comprising three cocks 1, 2 and 3.
.
The cock is, through a pipe b, in communication with the bottom of the
fermenting receptacle A. The cock 2 is carried upon trunnions so that it can be
turned upon its horizontal axis which is in line with the axes of the other cocks and
it has an outflow situated at right angles to the said axis. It is moreover provided
with a bow d, the cross piece e of which carries a screw f terminating in a plate g.
The cock 3 is, through a pipe h, in connection with the accessory receptacle which
communicates, at its upper end through the pipe c and at its lower end through the
pipe i with the upper part of the fermenting receptacle A. In the pipe is inserted
a pump P.
The bottling is effected as follows:-The cocks 1, 2 and 3 being closed, the bottle k,
which is previously filled with liquid similar to that introduced into the fermenting
receptacle A, is placed upon the plate 9 Figure 1, and pressed by the screw f firmly
against the opening of, the cock 2. The latter is then turned with the bow and bottle
half a revolution to the position shown in Figure 2, so that the bottle is placed with
its opening downwards-see Figure 2. The cocks 2 and 3 are then opened, the
consequence being that the liquid flows from the bottle k through the pipe h into the
accessory receptacle C, and as this is also filled with carbonic acid gas under pressure,
owing to its free communication with the receptacle A through the pipe c, carbonic
acid gas will enter through the pipe into the bottle k and gradually fill the same in
proportion as the liquid flows out.
When the liquid has completely run out of the bottle, and the latter is filled with
carbonic acid gas the cock 2, together with the bottle, is again reversed, so that it
occupies the position shown in Figure 1. The cock 3 is now closed, and the cock 1
is opened, the result of which is that the effervescing liquid passes from the
fermenting receptacle into the bottle whilst the carbonic acid displaced from the said
bottle passes in the opposite direction to the liquid into the receptacle A.
When the bottle is filled, the cocks 1 and 2 are closed, and the filled bottle is taken
from the bow and corked. The liquid collecting in the receptacle C is from time to
time forced by the pump P into the receptacle A where it is fermented or impregnated
with carbonic acid.
The cock 3 can be so arranged that it is automatically opened when the cock 2
with the bow is turned upwards, and automatically closed when the cock 2 with the
bow is turned downwards.
In this manner the bottling becomes continuous and requires to be interrupted only
when the cleaning of the receptacle A should be necessary. If two receptacles A are

page_text: used, an interruption of the operation need not occur at all, one receptacle being then
in use while the other is cleaned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
--
First The process of preparing and bottling carbonated beverages in a continuous
manner, consisting in first causing the fermentation of the desired liquid in a suitable re-
ceptacle, or in impregnating the said liquid with prepared carbonic acid gas, and in then
filling the carbonated liquid into bottles through a pipe communicating with the bottom
of the said receptacle; each bottle being previously filled with the original uncarbonated
liquid and then emptied into an accessory receptacle which is under the pressure of the
carbonic acid gas in the main receptacle so that the said bottle is filled with carbonic
acid in proportion as it is emptied of liquid; the uncarbonated liquid which collects
in the said accessory receptacle being, from time to time, conveyed by a pump or
otherwise into the main receptacle, where it is carbonated previous to bottling as
above described.
:-
Second Apparatus for carrying out the process hereinbefore described, comprising
a receptacle A, and a bottling apparatus B, consisting of three cocks 1, 2 and 3,
connected directly with the said receptacle through a pipe b, but indirectly through a
pipe an accessory receptacle C, a pipe c, and a pipe i provided with a pump P,
one cock (2) of the said apparatus being provided with a bow d having a screw and
plate g and adapted to be turned with it upon a horizontal axis.
Dated this 4th day of July 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.