Improvements in or relating to Whisking, Mixing and similar Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 22nd Apr., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Whisking, Mixing and similar
Machines.
We, WILLIAM KING BAKER and GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER, Engineers, both of
58, City Road, in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and. ascertained in and by the following statement:
-
This invention relates to improvements in single and duplex whisking, mixing
or similar machines, wherein revolving beaters or whisks are employed, and has
for its object to facilitate the insertion or removal of the latter into or from the
casing of the machine. A further object of this invention is to ensure a thorough
mixing of the material without the use of stationary blades or concentric blades
working in opposite directions usually employed in conjunction with the revolving
beater.
In carrying out this invention a "hanger" or holder is adapted to receive the
spindle of the beater in such a manner as to facilitate the insertion or removal
of the same, and render possible removal of a beater from the holder and the
substitution of a fresh beater therefor, without the necessity of operating any
fastening device.
In order to oppose, as far as is possible, the tendency of the material under
treatment to fly centrifugally from the beater blades, they are disposed tan-
gentially around their spindle; the use of stationary blades or their equivalent,
being thereby rendered unnecessary.
In conjunction with the beater device, specially shaped bodies may be employed
adapted to fit in and fill the casing above the space required for the heaters to
revolve in. These bodies or fillers" have their surfaces shaped so that they
form with the concave bottom of the casing, a complete or nearly complete
spherical or globular mixing chamber: the material is thus to a considerable
extent confined to the space swept out by the beaters in the chamber and accumu-
lation of the material in the portions of the casings beyond the reach of the
beaters, is entirely obviated.
Alternatively, guards or guide blades may be employed with the same object
Where a large amount of material is to be treated in a short space of time a
modified form of machine may be employed. A number of similar vessels, each
provided with beating devices, gear wheels for operating the same, and with
suitable fastening devices, are all adapted to fit into the holder, upon which they
are successively placed and operated by suitable gearing mounted in the holder.
In the accompanying drawing,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section showing an end view of the beating
device;
Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 showing a side view of
the beaters;

page_text: perspective views mustrating two forms or the guards or
guide blades above referred to;
Figs. 8 and 9 are vertical and horizontal sections illustrating a holder common
to a series of mixing vessels one of which is shown in place upon it;
Fig. 10 is a side elevation of a duplex mixing machine according to this inven-
tion;
Fig. 11 is a horizontal section on the line 11-11 of Fig. 10;
Fig. 12 is a vertical section on the line 12-12 of Fig. 10 of one of the chambers
of the duplex machine;
Fig. 13 is an end view of a beating device which is shown also in position in
the duplex machine above referred to;
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a detail of Fig. 12;
Fig. 15 is a perspective view illustrating a method of mounting a beater in an
elastic hanger such as is hereinbefore referred to.
Fig. 16 is a view similar to Fig. 15 except that the beaters C are of helical
and of twisted form; and
Fig. 17 illustrates two helical beaters C, 180° apart, mounted in the arms of
an elastic hanger such as is hereinafter described.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
With reference first to Figures 1 to 7, A is the casing of circular or slightly
elliptical cross section having a hemispherical bottom A¹. The sides of the casing
are continued down at A2 to form a stable base for the machine. Perforations A³
permit of the passage of a rod B which also passes to an eye A+ screwed to a suit-
able table or support. The other end B of the rod is hooked, and engages with
the edge of the table being made fast thereto by a clamping screw B² passing
through an eye or flattened portion upon the end of the hook.
The beaters C are disposed tangentially around the spindle C¹ which may be
driven by hand through the medium of suitable gearing. One end C of the
spindle is provided with a square recess, adapted to engage the square end D
of the gear wheel spindle. The other end C³ of the beater spindle runs upon
an adjustable pivot screw C which may be provided with a lock nut C³. A
ledge C is provided within the casing, to support the end of the spindle when
the screw C is disengaged therefrom. E is a hanger or holder in which the
ends of the spindle are received: it is provided at its ends with eyes which take
over the ends of the spindle. El is a loop at right angles to the plane of the
,hanger serving as a handle therefor; at the same time it increases the elasticity
of the hanger which is adapted to maintain its engagement with the spindle by
means of such elasticity. F F are fillers shown separately in Figs. 3 and 4
respectively. The filler F is shown in Figs. 1 and 3 as being integral with a
lid or cover G for the casing and the filler F' (Fig. 4) is provided with a flange F
so that it can be supported upon the rim of the casing, the lid of which would
in, such case be modified to cover such flange. An alternative form of the lid G,
domed, is shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1; when fillers such as are employed,
two of them would be used in the positions in which they are indicated by chain
lines in Fig. 1.
When it is desired to withdraw the beating device, the screw C is retracted
and the spindle C with the beaters lifted bodily by means of the hanger E;
pressure can then be exerted to move the arms of the hanger apart (see the
dotted lines in Fig. 2) to release the spindle C¹ and permit the insertion of another
spindle and beater if desired.
The beaters C disposed tangentially to their spindle C¹ are intended to revolve
in the direction indicated by the arrows Fig. 1. By thus arranging and operating
the beaters, the centrifugal tendency of those portions of the mass of material
which is in contact with the beaters is opposed: the descending beaters throwing
the material down and keeping it within their range. To further, ensure the
confinement of the material to the mixing chamber, the hollow bodies or fillers
FF are preferably employed in conjunction with these tangential heaters. There

page_text: fillers are preferably formed of sheet metal with their under surfaces 13 spherical.
When in the position in which they are shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, these
surfaces are to the hemispherical bottom, substantially the complement of a
sphere whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the path of revolu-
tion of the beaters.
The fillers may both be secured to the lid, or only one may be so secured, the
lid in the latter case being preferably in two parts hinged as shown at G¹ Figs. 1
and 3, so that additional material may be fed into the vessel and a companion
filler inserted or removed without disturbing the filler F.
In place of the fillers, guards or guide blades Figs. 56 and 7 may be employed.
Fig. 5 is a side view and Fig. 6 an end view of duplex guide blades. The
parts H H have eyes H2 at the junctions adapted to receive the ends C2 C³ of
the beater spindle, a handle H3 constituting a cross tie may be employed to
connect the two parts of the guard and this device constitutes also an elastic
hanger similar to that which is hereinbefore described. Openings H' may be
cut in these guide blades to facilitate the return into the range of the beaters,
of any material thrown over on to the backs of the guide-blades. A single guide
blade H is shown at Fig. 7; this blade is formed to cover an angle of say 90°
and in addition to slots H is scalloped or otherwise formed at its lower edge H³
in. order to prevent the material accumulating between it and the inside of the
casing A. The radius of this blade would preferably be rather greater than that
of the spherical mixing chamber so that it does not revolve about the spindle C'.
The method of engaging the guide blade H and spindle C is similar to that
just described with reference to the duplex guide blades. The guide blades may
be attached to the lid or cover in a manner similar to the fillers before described
and as shewn in dotted lines at H7 in Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings.
In the construction illustrated by Figures 8 and 9 the extension A2 of the casing
hereinbefore described is dispensed with and the casing A of the whisk or stirrer
is received on a holder common to a series of those vessels. Brackets Q' are
formed upon this holder Q and. have inclined jaws to receive trunnions J upon
the casing, which is thus pivotally supported at one side therein. The opposite
support consists of an inclined surface K in contact with a similar surface upon
the piece L fixed to the casing; in order to secure the vessel in the holder, it is
turned downward upon its trunnions in the jaws to cause the spring catch M
to engage with the piece L, and lock the holder and casing together. In a small
bracket N on the side of the vessel. is mounted a gear wheel P, the spindle of
which engages the beater spindle in the manner hereinbefore described with
reference to Figures 1 and 2. This wheel gears with a larger wheel O mounted
in the holder Q and driven by hand or other suitable means. By the use of this
holder a number of vessels, each fitted with trunnions such as J, a catch-piece L
and a gear wheel such as P, may be charged with batter or other material to be
treated and be successively placed and locked thereon and operated in the manner
described.
The duplex machine illustrated in Figures 10 to 15 consists of a casing having
two intersecting spherical or globular chambers A, A and a hopper A common
to both these chambers. Within each chamber is mounted a beating device,
preferably of such a construction as is hereinafter more fully described. The
casing is provided externally with four projecting studs A and these are supported
by jaws B, upon the framing or base 133 of the machine which may be secured
to the floor or to a suitable base by screws or bolts at B³. The two studs upon
one side of the machine are screw-threaded at their ends, whilst those on the
opposite side have bolt heads A7 bearing on the outer faces of the jaws. By
screwing up the nuts A8 they and the bolt-heads A are caused to bear hard upon
the contiguous surfaces of the jaws B and thus the casing is securely clamped
to its framing..
The beaters preferably used with this duplex construction are each of the type
shown at Figures 13 and 15. Each beater comprises two pairs of blades C C7,

page_text: "
arranged tangentially to two discs D¹ D2, upon which they are mounted and
which take the place of the spindle in the construction of beater illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2. It is arranged that the beaters shall revolve at equal speeds in
opposite directions, and it is therefore necessary that one be
right-handed"
and the other "left-handed" as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 10, in order
that the blades of each beater may operate to oppose the centrifugal tendency
of the material in contact with it.
The beaters (see Figures 10 and 11) are geared together by the arrangement
of gearing hereinafter described, and are so set in relation to each other, that when
either is vertical the other shall be horizontal; and the configuration of each
beater is such that the lower portion of a beater stopped in the vertical position
extends but slightly beyond the vertical plane containing its axis of rotation,
so that it can be withdrawn vertically from the casing without fouling the adjacent
end of the companion beater.
The hanger E employed consists of a rectangular frame, one extremity being
provided with an inwardly projecting pin E and the other with an inwardly
projecting ring E2 cut through at E3. The former is placed in the recess in the
disc 12 and the ring is caused to enter an annular groove in the disc D¹. The
elasticity of the hanger allows of the extremities E E to be moved apart in
releasing or receiving the beating device, and also retains the latter without
the aid of fastenings. The beating device is now free to revolve upon the pin E
and ring E3 which serve as bearings.
In order to permit of the communication of motion to the beaters, the gear-
wheel spindles Fwhich project into the casing are provided with dovetail-ends-F
see Figure 14. The disc D₁ has a correspondingly shaped groove D³ capable of
being aligned with the opening in the ring E.
In order to place a beating device in operative position in either chamber, the
dovetail projection F5 in that chamber is brought to the vertical; the hanger
is then lowered and the opening E³ in the ring engages with said projection F
and the beater is turned until its groove D³ is also brought into engagement with
the projection F. Further lowering of the hanger is then prevented by the
projecting portions E coming into contact with similar projections in the casing.
Suitable vertical guides G2 for the hangers E Figure 10 are sometimes employed
to facilitate the insertion and removal of beaters.
The gearing for operating simultaneously the two sets of beaters is best seen
in Figure 11. Upon the spindles are secured exactly similar wheels H8 gear-
ing with one another. Upon the right-hand spindle is secured a smaller wheel H
gearing with a hand operated wheel H10 mounted upon a sleeve H" which revolves
freely upon the left-hand spindle. Upon turning the handle the right-hand
spindle is driven by the gear wheels H H and at the same time an equal and
opposite motion is conveyed to the other spindle through the medium of the
wheels H and the beaters are therefore always maintained in the angular relation-
ship previcusly referred to.
In the machines illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 the contents may be poured
from the vessel after the mixing operation by loosening the nuts A8 and lifting
one end of the vessel by means of the handle K', the pins A6 at the other end
serving as trunnions.
The gearing (see Figures 10, 11 and 12) is shown provided with a box or
casing J and in this instance the pins A6 pass through the casing. In the opera-
tion of clamping the vessel to the framing the nuts A8 act upon the jaws B
through the intermediary of such casing.
The operation is similar in all the machines herein described. The mixing
chambers are charged with material and the beaters being placed in position are
revolved in the direction indicated by the arrow on each.
Although fillers and guide blades are not shown or described with reference
to Figures 8-14, it is to be understood that they may be employed with any
'machine in conjunction with any design of beater. It is also obvious that fillers

page_text: or guide biades of modified shape might be required for the duplex machine, and.
they could be made in conjunction, or not, with the lid or cover of the vessel as
desired. Holders or framings common to a number of vessels might also be
employed for duplex machines.
The blades of the beating devices hereinbefore described are as shown con-
structed of an open frame having a suitable number of cross bars, but it is to be
understood that any other type of blade might be employed in the manner
indicated.
If necessary a double base, or bottom may be constructed in both single and
double machines and hot or cold fluid may be contained in or circulated through
this space to maintain the contents of the vessel at a desired temperature.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: -
...
1. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine the combination with a revolving
beater of a hanger or holder which for the purpose described is elastic.
2. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine a beater blade tangential to the
beater spindle for the purpose described.
3. In a
whisking, mixing or similar machine a filler or fillers such as F,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
4. In a whisking mixing or similar machine the combination with a cover or
lid of one or more fillers or guards or guide blades for the purpose described.
b. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine guards or guide blades such as II,
H¹ or H6 with or without drainage apertures therein for the purpose described.
6. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine guards or guide blades which are
made elastic in order to engage with the beater spindle substantially as described.
7. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine the combination of two or more
guards or guide blades and a cross piece such as H³ connecting them, the device
being retained in engagement with the beater spindle by its own elasticity sub-
stantially as described.
8. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine guards or guide blades H, H¹
or H of a radius greater than that of the mixing chamber for the purpose
described.
9. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine a holder such as Q upon which
is mounted a driving gear, and which is adapted to receive any one of a number
of mixing chambers for the purpose described.
10. A whisking, mixing or similar apparatus constituted by the combination
with a holder such as Q upon which is mounted a driving gear of a series of
mixing chambers substantially as described.
11. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine the employment of a body or
casing consisting of intersecting spherical or globular chambers.
12. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine the combination with the body
or casing consisting of intersecting spherical or globular chambers of a set of
beaters central in each such chamber substantially as described.
13. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine the combination with the
beater C, C (Figure 13) of another similar beater and gearing to rotate them
and maintain constant the angular relationship of one beater to the other.
14. In a whisking, mixing or similar machine the combination with the beater
of a disc D having an annular groove and diametral slot therein and an elastic
langer such as E, having upon one of its arms an interrupted ring receivable in
the annular groove for the purpose described.
15. The improved whisking, mixing or similar machine substantially as
described or illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, or Figures 8 and 9 or Figures 10 and 11
of the accompanying drawings.
16. A whisking, mixing or similar machine the chamber of which internally

page_text: is with the aid of a filler or guard or guide blade made to be substantially
spherical.
17. The improved holder for a series of whisking, mixing or similar machines
substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying
drawings.
WM. KING BAKER.
GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicants.
CHIS Word day of february του.
WM. KING BAKER.
GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicants.