CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF DYEING OR COLORING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cooper, of Openshaw, in the County of
Lancaster, Dyer, and John Mayo Worrall, of Ordsall, in the same
County, Dyer and Finisher, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF DYEING OR COLORING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN
FABRICS."
Sealed the 16th August 1864, and dated the 1st March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cooper and John
Mayo Worrall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st March 1864.
We, SAMUEL COOPER, of Openshaw, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer, and
JOHN MAYO WORRALL, of Ordsall, in the same County, Dyer and Finisher, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF DYEING OR COLORING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to dyeing such descriptions of textile fabrics wherein
silk is interwoven with cotton or linen, the silk being generally used to form
loops or terry, and the inferior material to form the back of the fabric, such
union fabrics being also subsequently treated by the well-known process of
cutting or "raising" to form a pile or plush on the face.
The improvements consist in applying to the said union fabric (as part of
the dyeing process) a solution of stannate of soda, aluminate of soda, or other
salts of tin or alumina, either separately or in combination, and in any

page_text: required proportions or strength, according to the shades desired; this
solution is to be applied to the fabric after the ordinary processes of stiffening,
cutting, scouring, and such like, and after the said solution has been applied
the fabric is to be treated with an acid solution of any required strength to fix
the aforesaid solution; and then to be mordaunted and dyed in the usual
manner, the peculiar feature of the Invention being the use of the preparing
solution, which renders both the silk and cotton or linen in a condition to
receive the dye to about an equal amount, and be thoroughly permeated
thereby, which we are not aware has been bitherto effected, except by an
expensive process of "padding," as described in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to Thomas Mellodew, Charles William Kesselmeyer, and
John Mayo Worrall (No. 3075), dated the Seventh day of December 1861.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Cooper and John Mayo Worrall in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 29th August 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
COOPER, of Openshaw, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer, and JOHN MAYO
WORRALL, of Ordsall, in the same County, Dyer and Finisher, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Samuel Cooper and John Mayo Worrall, Her special license that
we, the said Samuel Cooper and John Mayo Worrall, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Samuel Cooper
and John Mayo Worrall, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF DYEING OR COLOURING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF
WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Samuel Cooper and John Mayo Worrall, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Mayo Worrall, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):
;-
Our Invention relates to dyeing such descriptions of textile fabrics wherein
silk is interwoven with cotton or linen, the silk being generally used to form
loops or terry, and the inferior material to form the back of the fabric, such
"union silk fabrics" being also subsequently treated by the well-known
process of cutting or "raising" to form a pile or plush on the face.
The improvements consist in immersing the said "union silk fabrics" (as a
preparatory part of the dyeing process) in a solution of stannate of soda,
chlorides or nitrates of tin. The fabric is to be immersed in this solution after
the ordinary process of stiffening, cutting, scouring, &c., and after the said
solution has been applied the fabric is to be treated with or immersed in an
acid solution of any required strength to fix the aforesaid solution in the
fabric; the acid is then to be washed out, and the fabric is then to be
mordanted and dyed in the usual manner employed for dyeing the said
"union silk fabrics," the peculiar feature of the Invention being the use of
the preparing solution composed solely of stannate of soda or chlorides or
nitrates of tin, which renders the cotton or linen in a suitable condition to
receive the dye to about an equal amount as the silk, and to be thoroughly
permeated thereby, so as to color the fabric entirely through, which we are
not aware has been hitherto effected, but has been attempted by the process
of "padding," as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
Thomas Mellodew, Charles William Kesselmeyer, and John Mayo Worrall,
dated December 7th, 1861, No. 3075.
We would remark that the proportions of the materials used are capable of
considerable variation, but for ordinary purposes the following will be found
available: Make a solution of stannate of soda, chloride of tin, or nitrate of
tin, and water, standing at 6 deg. Twaddle, for the preparing solution, and
a solution of sulphuric acid and water about 3 deg. Twaddle for the fixing
solution, to be used as above directed.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be distinctly understood
that we claim the dyeing "union silk faced," looped, cut pile, or "raised

page_text: fabrics," by immersing them in a preparing solution of soda, chloride or nitrate
of tin, and fixing the same therein by an acid solution previously to and as a
preparatory part of the subsequent process of dyeing.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Mayo Worrall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witnessed by
JOHN L. DAVIES,
Office for Patents,
4, St. Ann's Sqre.,
Manchester.
JNO. M. WORRALL. (L.S.)