Improvements in Machines for Rubbing, Dressing, and Finishing Printers' Types.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Rubbing, Dressing, and Finishing
Printers' Types.
I, GEORGE SUMMERFIELD EATON, of No. 203, Ross Street, Brooklyn, in the State of
New York, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
Printers' types, as they are cast usually, have burrs or projections at the bases of
the letters, that project beyond the sides of the bodies of the types, and these burrs
or projections are removed to allow the types to set closely together in line, and this
operation is usually known as "type rubbing," and in long letters the burr usually
projects either at the top or bottom, and sometimes at both places, and the removing
of these burrs is usually known as "type dressing." These operations of rubbing
and dressing types have been extensively performed by hand, and in some instances
machines have been made for accomplishing these operations, and I have made and
patented such machines in Great Britain on 3rd April 1888 under No. 4,939.
The present improvements are for the purpose of simplifying the construction of the
machine, lessening the expense thereof, and for ensuring more perfect work both in
the rubbing and in the dressing opperations; and I also provide for grooving or
channeling the bottom ends of the types as they stand in line so as to remove the
roughness or projections at the bases of the types where the projection or gate, formed
in the casting operation, has been broken off.
In this machine, the plate or bed of the machine is at an inclination, usually of
about 45°, and upon this plate is a stationary block slightly less in thickness than
the height of the type. Above this stationary equalizer is a similar equalizer that is
adjustable to vary the width between the two equalizers for the reception of the
bodies of the types, and at one end of the stationary equalizer is another equalizer
that is also adjustable for varying the width of the channel that is at right angles to
the first named channel, and down which the types are moved progressively.
The types are fed down a plate perpendicular to the bed upon which are adjustable
guides to form a feed channel, and over this feed channel is a hinged cover, said feed
channel being at a downward inclination of about 45°, to a table upon which the
types are laid and fed one by one down the feed channel and in between the
stationary and the movable equalizers.
Upon these equalizers there are cutters (rhomboidal in section) held by clamp
screws passing through an elevated bridge, and the ends of the cutters dress off
progressively the burrs from the right and left sides of the letters, as each type in
succession is carried along in the channel-way between the equalizers by a blade or
pusher that is reciprocated by suitable mechanism and carries the type to the end
of the channel and up against the face of the second adjustable equalizer. A second
pusher, acting at right angles to the first, pushes the type down the second channel-
Price 71

page_text: way to the extent of its own width, so as to leave the space necessary for the next
type to be passed into position, and upon the upper surfaces of the stationary
equalizer and the second adjustable equalizer, is a second set of cutters for dressing
the type and removing the top and bottom burrs or projections at the letter
bases.
As before intimated, the types are set up in line in the second channel-way, and
are moved progressively down that channel-way between the equalizers, and are
dressed, and at the same time the bottom ends of the types are finished by a grooving
tool which channels the bottom ends of the types as they stand in line, and removes
any projections or inequalities where the gate has been broken off from the type
after the casting operation.
The grooving tool is held in a stock that is adjustable, to bring the grooving tool
into the proper position, and the grooving tool can be raised or lowered to regulate
the depth of cut, a dial being employed to indicate the extent of lateral adjustment
to bring the grooving tool mid-way of the bottom ends of the types.
A curved raceway formed of a segmental block and a sector is employed in turning
the descending line of types around into a horizontal position and causing them to
pass off into a rule or holder that is removable, and a sustaining finger, held
frictionally, is provided for sustaining the end types as a fresh line of types is set up
and moved down through the curved raceway, and a spring-claw is provided at the
end of the finger.
Difficulty has been experienced in removing the chips or shavings of metal that
are cut off in dressing and rubbing the types, because if they accumulate and wedge
in between one cutter and another, the types are injured as they are forced through
between the cutters. To avoid this difficulty, I provide two nozzles acting
substantially at right angles to each other, and a pump that forces air through first
one nozzle and then through the other, the air being directed upon the cutters in
such a way as to loosen up and blow away the chips or shavings as soon as they are
cut off, and, in this manner, to keep the machine entirely clear from obstruction.
In cases where there is a projection at the bottom end of the type, in consequence
of the gate not being broken off close to the flat bottoms or lower ends of the types,
the upper ends of the types may be lifted up too high and the grooving tool, with
the type too high, would be inefficient and the type, as delivered from the machine,
would be imperfect. In many instances it is advantageous to place a stationary
scratching device, which I term a "destroyer" so as to scratch or injure the face of
the type when it stands too high, but not to touch the types which are in a normal
position, and the inspector that examines the line of types throws out those types
that are scratched on the faces; but I prefer to make use of narrow projecting ledges
at the bottom surfaces of the equalizers, and one at each side of the second channel
and upon which ledges the lower ends of the type can rest with any downward
projection between such ledges, so as to be cut off by the grooving tool, and I provide
a spring finger over the types, which is lifted up each time the types are move
along in line, and then allowed to descend with sufficient force to press the type
down and cause their bottom ends to rest firmly on the narrow ledges aforesaid, s
that the grooving operations may be uniform and perfect, and any projection
entirely removed from the bottom ends of the type bodies.

page_text: Improvements in Machines for Rubbing, Dressing, and Finishing
Printers' Types.
I, GEORGE SUMMERFIELD EATON, of No. 203, Ross Street, Brooklyn, in the State of
New York, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Printers' types as they are cast usually have burrs or projections at the bases of the
letters that project beyond the sides of the bodies of the types, and these burrs or
projections are removed to allow the types to set closely together in line, and this
operation is usually known as "type rubbing," and in long letters the burr usually
projects either at the top or bottom, and sometimes at both places, and the removing
of these burrs is usually known as "type dressing." These operations of rubbing
and dressing types have been extensively performed by hand, and in some instances
machines have been made for accomplishing these operations, and I have made and
patented in Great Britain, April 3rd, 1888, No. 4939, such machines.
The present improvements are made for the purpose of simplifying the construc-
tion of the machine, lessening the expense thereof, and for ensuring more perfect
work both in the rubbing and in the dressing operations; and I also provide for
grooving or channeling the bottom ends of the types as they stand in line so as to
remove the roughness or projections at the bases of the types where the projection or
gate, formed in the casting operation, has been broken off.
In this machine the plate or bed of the machine is at an inclination, usually
about 45°, and upon this plate is a stationary block slightly. less in thickness than
the height of the type, and above this stationary equalizer is a similar equalizer that
is adjustable to vary the width between the two equalizers for the reception of the
bodies of the types, and at one end of the stationary equalizer is another equalizer
that is also adjustable for varying the width of the channel that is at right angles to
the first named channel and down which the types are moved progressively.
The types are fed down a plate that is perpendicular to the bed upon which are
guides that are adjustable to form a feed channel, and there is a cover over this feed
channel that is hinged, and this feed channel is at a downward inclination, of about
45°, to a table upon which the types are laid and fed one by one down the feed
channel and in between the stationary and the movable equalizers.
Upon these equalizers there are cutters, rhomboidal in section, and held by clamp
screws passing through an elevated bridge, and the ends of the cutters dress off
progressively the burrs from the right and left sides of the letters as each type in
succession is carried along in the channel-way between the equalizers by a blade or
pusher that is reciprocated by suitable mechanism and carries the type to the end of
the channel and up against the face of the second adjustable equalizer; and a second
pusher, acting at right angles to the first, pushes the type down the second channel-
way to the extent of its own width, so as to leave the space necessary for the next
type to be passed into position, and upon the upper surfaces of the stationary
equalizer and the second adjustable equalizer, is a second set of cutters for dressing
the type and removing the top and bottom burrs or projections at the letter bases.
As before intimated, the types are set up in line in the second channel-way, and are
moved progressively down that channel-way between the equalizers and are dressed,
and at the same time the bottom ends of the types are finished by a grooving tool
that channels the bottom ends of the types as they stand in line, and removes any
projections or inequalities where the gate has been broken off from the type after.
the casting operation.

page_text: Fig. 22 is an elevation and Fig. 23 a section of the pump made use of for the air
iets.
Fig. 24 is a detached view of the face of one of the bridges and cutters carried
thereby.
Fig. 25 is a plan view of part of the equalizers and cutters at the intersection of
the channels.
Fig. 26 is a vertical section at the line 2.
Fig. 27 is a section of the bed and equalizers and an elevation partially in section
of the grooving tool and the devices for adjusting and holding the same.
Fig. 28 is a plan view of the grooving tool and the stock carrying the same, and
Fig. 29 is a side elevation of the grooving tool.
It is to be understood that the bed C is advantageously placed at an inclination,
and that the plate D, Fig. 14, is perpendicular to the same, and the two stand so
that the type are fed by the attendant from the table, a part of which is shown
at D¹, down upon the surface of the inclined plate D, so that their lower ends or
bases pass down between the fixed or stationary equalizer E and the movable
equalizer F, and there is a stationary guide q¹ and a movable guide q that is adjusted
by the set screw q² to vary the width of the channel between such guides q and q',
and the rock shaft gives motion to a crank arm 18 and swinging lever 19 that acts
upon the slide 21 to move the bolt 22 and either arrest the movement of a type as
it slides down between the guides q and q', or allow such type to slide down at the
proper time for passing in between. the stationary equalizer E and movable
equalizer F.
The differences that exist between this part of the apparatus and the devices that
have before been used, relate to the hinged stop 6 which is pivoted at 5 upon the
guide q, and at one side of the channel between the guides q and q', such hinged
stop having through its moving end a screw 8 by which may be adjusted to raise
or lower the finger 7, which is in the form of a plate projecting laterally and passing
into a notch in the guide q'. This finger 7 determines the space between its lower
edge and the surface of the plate D, so that in cases where the attendant may place
the type incorrectly in the feed channel, the stop finger will prevent the same passing
down into the machine.
Another feature of the present improvement relates to the cover 9 to the feed
channel, which cover is hinged at 10 at the side of the adjustable guide q, and there
is a spring 12 acting against a knuckle upon the hinge 10 so as to tend to press the
cover 9 down into position, and the spring 11 which is attached to this cover and
projects over the hinged stop 6 holds such stop down with the necessary yielding
pressure. The cover 9 aids in preventing any chips cut from the types, passing into
the feed channel and obstructing the movement of the types, and this cover being
attached to the guide q is movable with the same as such guide may be adjusted to
vary the width of the feed channel, the hinged stop 6 being moved at the same
time, and the finger 7 is sufficiently wide not to pass out of the slot in the guide q¹
when the feed channel is adjusted to a larger size of type.
The movable equalizer F is set in guides G and can be adjusted towards and from
the stationary equalizer E, a screw being employed for that purpose, not shown in the
drawing.
cau
One of the peculiarities of the present machine consists in arranging a second
movable equalizer H in guides H¹, so that the end of the stationary equalizer
be used in connection with this movable equalizer H to forin a channel through
which the types are carried down while the dressing operation is being performed.
The adjusting screws by which the equalizers F and H are moved are to be made
with very fine screw threads, so that the adjustment may be very gradual and
accurate, and both screws are advantageously made in the manner shown in Fig. 1,
wherein the screw K is represented as passing through a stationary stud n, and in
which it can be rotated without the screw moving endwise, and upon the body of the
screw there are equidistant marks or degrees and a fixed pointer o upon the stud n,
so that by turning the screw K by its hand wheel to bring any desired number

page_text: around, to the pointer o, the equalizer will be adjusted to give the proper width
of channel between the faces of the stationary and movable equalizers, and it is to
be understood that the space between the stationary equalizer E and the movable
equalizer F is to correspond to the height of the letters, or what is usually known as
the "number point" of the type, and the width of the channel between the end
of the stationary equalizer E and the movable equalizer H is to correspond to the
width of the letter, so that the body of the type will be properly smoothed and
equalized in passing through between the respective equalizers by the action of the
pushers.
The cutters i 2 are represented as trapezoidal sectionally and as resting upon the
stationary and movable equalizers and held in position by screws passing through
bridges. I find it difficult to easily blow away the chips or particles of metal that
are removed by these cutters from the bases of the letters. To obviate this difficulty
I make the bridges e, so that their end portions rest upon and are attached firmly
to the upper surfaces of the equalizers, but the middle portions of the bridges are
removed, as seen in Fig. 24, so that there will be a free space for the chips and
particles of metal to be blown through beneath the middle portions of the bridges,
and the upper portions of the cutters are held in the diagonal grooves in the under
faces of the bridges, so that such cutters cannot be displaced, but it is only necessary
to have such grooves to receive and hold the upper parts of the cutters, the lower
portions of the cutters simply resting upon the surface of the equalizer. Clamping
screws are used to hold the individual cutters.
66
The pusher which first acts upon the types, is reciprocated by any suitable means
as in machines heretofore constructed, and a portion of this is represented at I, and
it is to be actuated so that it carries each type in succession along from the point
of reception through between the equalizers E and F while the bases of the letters
are removed by the first set of cutters, this operation usually being known as type
rubbing," and the parts are adjusted so that the pusher I brings the advancing side
of the type up against the equalizer H, so that the same is in a position ready to be
carried off at right angles down the channel between the end of the equalizer E and
the movable equalizer H, and the second set of cutters is made in the same manner
as those before described and rest at the end of the equalizer E and upon the surface
of the movable equalizer H.
I make use of a second pusher h, which is attached to a slide h¹ that is supported
in a slide rest C3 upon the under side of the bed C, there being a channel through
the bed C in which the pusher h is received, and upon reference to Figs. 6 and 7, it
will be observed that this pusher h, can be removed by taking out the screw that
attaches it to the slide, the object being to change the pusher according to the
type that is being rubbed, and to facilitate the lifting out of this pusher and the
insertion of another, the face of the equalizer H is partially removed, as seen in
Fig. 1, to give room for the insertion of a screw-driver and of a hook to pass into the
hole in the pusher for lifting the same out.
Any suitable means actuated by the driving shaft is to be employed for giving
motion to the slide h¹ and pusher h, but the movement is only sufficient for pushing
one type at a time along sufficiently far for the end of the pusher h to be in line
with the surface of the stationary equalizer E, so that there will be room for the next
type to pass into position as this pusher h draws back, and for this reason the types
will be set up in a continuous line between the equalizers E and H, and this I find to
be of great advantage, because it prevents the types becoming displaced while being
acted upon by the second set of cutters for dressing the top and bottom edges of the
letters and also for holding the types firmly in position while the bases or lower ends
of the types are channeled, as hereafter described, and in consequence of the types
being set up in line between the equalizers E and H, it is only necessary to maintain
the types in such line while they are being passed along to a rule or holder T which is
movable, so that the lines of type as dressed and set up, can be taken out for
examination, another rule or holder being inserted in place of the one removed.
In passing the line of types down from between the equalizers E and H a stationary

page_text: segmental block S is provided, and use a spring sector S₁ connected at its upper
end to the equalizer H so as to be adjusted therewith, and the lower end of this
equalizer will spring sufficiently to accommodate different sizes of type, but it is
important to prevent the types falling or becoming displaced when such types are
first being passed down from between the equalizers and around upon the surface of
the stationary block S, and to support the advancing end of the line of types, I
employ the sustaining finger P pivoted at 13 and having a hinged claw 14 at the
end, as seen in Figs. 10 and 11, which claw.passes through a longitudinal opening in
the spring sector S¹, and the friction of the sustaining finger upon its pivot is to be
sufficient for supporting the line of types, hence it is only necessary to swing the
sustaining finger so that the claw 14 will come adjacent to the end of the channel
between the equalizers E and H, and the advancing end of the line of types will
come against such finger and be supported by the same as the finger is pressed
downwardly and swings upon its pivot, and the line of types emerges from
between the spring sector St and the sustaining block S and passes along upon the
rule T; and it will be understood that the claw 14 is swung up out of the way by
coming in contact with and over-riding the lower end of the spring sector.
In consequence of the equalizer E being affixed rigidly to the bed of the machine,
it is adapted to receive against it the parts that are employed in feeding in the
types, and the equalizer F is opposite to one of the faces of the equalizer E, and the
second movable equalizer H is opposite to the end face of the stationary equalizer E,
and these equalizers F and H can be adjusted with facility for adapting the machine.
to different sizes of type bodies, and the segmental block S is also stationary with
its upper end against the stationary equalizer E, and the types are passed directly
from between the equalizers E and H into the concave of the segmental block S, and
no adjustment of this segmental block S is required, and the spring sector $1 being,
attached to the equalizer H is adjusted with it, but it is not always necessary to use'
this spring sector S¹ because the type will be pressed along gradually against the
concave side of the stationary segmental block as the line of types is progressed
gradually between the equalizers E and H.
When the types are cast there is usually a projecting gate or sprue at the lower
end which has to be broken off, and where the fracture leaves any projection at the
base of the type, such projection will raise the type in consequence of resting upon
the surface of the bed, and types having such projections are not in a position to be
properly grooved or channeled in their bases, for this reason a bar with a downwardly
projecting end is sometimes used over the channel between the equalizers E and H.
This device I call a "destroyer," and the same is shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the object
being to injure the surfaces of the types that are lifted by any projection on the base,
by the types coming into contact with the under surface of this destroyer Q, hence
when the types are examined in line as usual, the injury to the face of the type will
indicate that such type is to be thrown out for remelting. All those types which do not
come in contact with the destroyer are in a position to be properly channeled in their
bases by the grooving tool L, shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. This grooving tool is
usually made with a rounded claw-shaped end corresponding in shape to the groove"
in the base of the type, and such tool is held upon a stock that is supported at
the end of the slide 1, which slide is held to the under side of the bed C by screws
passing through elongated openings, and the sårew 15 is adapted to adjusting the
stock L and regulate the depth of cut of the grooving tool, and the screw 16 is used
for adjusting the slide L2 for bringing the grooving tool central to the base of the
type and thus adapting the tool to different sizes of types.
Below the pusher I is a table or support I, see Figs. 25 and 26, the upper surface
of which coincides or nearly so with the under surfaces of the equalizers, and hence
it slides backward and forward directly beneath the adjacent edges of the
equalizers E and F, and it extends also some distance under the equalizer H, as
shown in Fig. 26, and the types as they are fed into the machine, pass down between
such equalizers E and F and the lower end of each type rests upon such table I¹
during the time that the type is carried along and rubbed as aforesaid, and its

page_text: advancing edge comes against the face of the equalizer H and the pusher h, carries
the type off from the table I' in between the equalizers E and H before the table I¹
and pusher I draw back for taking another type.
Sometimes small portions of the gates are left upon the types, which, projecting
downward, prevent the bottom ends of the types resting upon the table 1', and hence
such types are too high for the grooving tool to properly act upon the lower ends of
such types. I therefore provide ledges consisting of plates c c screwed upon the
under surfaces of the equalizers E and H with their edges projecting slightly to
form the ledges upon which the bottom ends of the types may rest, any remaining
portions of the gates upon such types projecting down between such plates; and in
order to press the types down so that their bottom ends may rest squarely upon these
ledges, I make use of the finger d, which projects out as an arm over the types as
they pass in between the equalizers E and H, and this finger is advantageously
covered upon its lower surface with a piece of leather or similar material so as not to
injure the faces of the types; and there is a stem d¹ extending down from the
finger d, through a hole in the equalizer H and the lower end is rounded and the end
of the table I¹ is beveled, so that as the table I¹ completes its movement, the finger d
is lifted and held until the type has been carried off by the pusher h, in between the
equalizers E and H, and as the table I¹ draws back with the pusher I, the finger d
is forced downward by a spring d2 acting between the stem of the finger and a
stationary bracket d³, so that the power of the spring is exerted to press the type
downward so that the bottom ends of the types will rest upon the ledges c c and be
in a uniform position for their bottom ends to be grooved to the same extent,
whether any portions of the gates are left upon the types or whether they are not.
In consequence of the finger d being raised as each type is supplied and a line of
types moved. along, there is no rubbing action of the finger upon the faces of the
letters.
The grooving tool L is preferably a plate of steel of the shape shown in Fig. 29,
and it is sufficiently thin to pass up between the ledges c c, and its point nicks or
grooves the bottom end of each type in succession as the line of types is forced
along between the equalizers E and H. This grooving tool L passes through and
fits closely a mortise in the stock L', which stock is held by screws to the under
surface of the bed C, the screws passing through slots so that the stock can be
adjusted; and with this object in view, I prefer to employ a flange f, at the end of
the stock L through which passes an adjusting screw f', and by which the stock L¹
and grooving tool L can be adjusted, so that the grooving tool is central to the
channel between the equalizers E and H and any suitable clamping device may be
employed for holding the stock I and grooving tool rigid after the same have been
adjusted.
I have represented a lever g and an eccentric or cam at the end for clamping the
stock I¹ to the bed C. It is advantageous to insert the grooving tool L from below
up through the mortise in the stock L¹ so that such grooving tool may be taken out
whenever necessary for sharpening or for the insertion of another tool, and the clamp
screw is made use of for holding the grooving tool in the stock, and I find it
advantageous to make this clamp screw tubular and pass through the same the
conical ended screw 1, the point of which passes into a hole in the grooving tool L
so as to support such grooving tool against any downward pressure while grooving
the bottom ends of the types, and by this screw the grooving tool can be raised
or lowered and it is advantageous to employ a spring 2 to press the grooving tool
down against the adjusting screw ¹.
The upper end of the grooving tool should stand central in the channel between
the equalizers E and H and to aid in setting the machine to different sizes of types,
it is important to have an indicator to aid the attendant in adjusting the groover
when the machine is changed from one size of type to another, and with this object in
view, a fine pointer s is extended upwards from the stock L' adjacent to an indicator
disk t, upon the under side of which is a ratchet wheel with equidistant teeth that

page_text: are engaged by a pawl t¹, and this indicator disk can be turned around to any desired
place, and it has upon its upper surface marks indicating the width of the body as
usually designated by the number of "points" and the marks are to be so placed
that when a given number of "point" type is to be dressed, the disk is turned
around with that particular number of points adjacent to the pointer s, and when
the said pointer is adjusted by turning the screw f¹ to coincide with the mark upon
the disk, the grooving tool will be in position for use and equidistant between the
faces of the equalizers E and H.
The pump cylinder U has within it a piston V which is reciprocated by a suitable
connecting rod to a crank pin upon the driving shaft of the machine, and there are
inlet openings and valves at the ends of the pump cylinder which may be of any
desired character, as illustrated in Figs. 22 and 23, and the air is blown through the
tubes 29 and 30 alternately and these tubes are advantageously flexible and lead to
nozzles 31 and 32 in line with the respective channels between the stationary and
adjustable equalizers, so that the issuing jets of air will alternate, and the nozzles
are sufficiently distant from the groups of cutters for the air to act more or less at
both sets of cutters, hence the direction in which the jets of air act will be at right
angles, or nearly so, and alternating will loosen and blow away the chips or particles
of metal cut from the bases of the letters with reliability, so as to avoid the possi-
bility of the cutters becoming clogged and inoperative.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
:-
First The combination in a type finishing machine, of a bed inclined backward
from the bottom to the top, a stationary equalizer upon such bed having two guiding
faces at right angles to each other, an adjustable equalizer above the stationary
equalizer, the channel between said equalizers being substantially horizontal and
receiving into it the type to be finished, cutters at each side of the said horizontal
channel, a reciprocating pusher for carrying each type in succession entirely through
such channel, a second adjustable equalizer at the vertical end of the stationary
equalizer, and cutters at each side of the intervening channel, a pusher for moving
the line of types gradually downward in this channel as the types are added succes-
sively, a curved channel at the lower part of the downwardly inclined channel and
around which the line of types passes, and a rule or holder substantially horizontal
for receiving the line of types, substantially as specified.
Second-The combination in a type finishing machine, of a bed inclined back-
ward from the bottom to the top, a stationary equalizer upon such bed having two
guiding faces at right angles to each other, an adjustable equalizer above the
stationary equalizer, the channel between said equalizers being substantially hori-
zontal and receiving into it the type to be finished, cutters at each side of the said
horizontal channel, a reciprocating pusher for carrying each type in succession
entirely through such channel, a second adjustable equalizer at the vertical end of
the stationary equalizer, and cutters at each side of the vertical channel, a pusher
for moving the line of types gradually downward in the channel as the types are
added successively, a block below the stationary equalizer having a curved upper face,
and a spring sector adjacent thereto, there being a curved channel between the
stationary block and the spring sector forming a continuation of the vertical channel
between the equalizers, substantially as set forth.
Third-The combination in a type finishing machine, of a bed inclined back-
ward from the bottom to the top, a stationary equalizer upon such bed, an adjustable
equalizer at the vertical end of the stationary equalizer and cutters at each side of
the vertical channel, a pusher for moving the line of types gradually downward in the
channel as the types are added successively, a stationary block below the stationary
equalizer having a curved upper surface forming a continuation of the vertical end
of the equalizer, a spring sector attached to the adjustable equalizer and forming a
continuation of the vertical side of such equalizer and parallel to the curved

page_text: surface of the stationary block whereby the spring sector is adjusted simultaneously
with the adjustment of the movable equalizer, substantially as set forth.
Fourth-The combination in a type finishing machine, of a bed inclined back ward
from the bottom to the top, a stationary equalizer upon such bed, an adjustable
equalizer at the vertical end of the stationary equalizer and cutters at each side of 5
the intervening channel, a pusher for moving the line of types gradually downward
in this channel as the types are added successively, a curved channel at the lower
part of the downwardly inclined channel around which the line of types passes, a
rule or holder substantially horizontal for receiving the line of types as they are
moved downward and progressively, a grooving tool, a stock for supporting the 1
grooving tool with the point slightly above the bottom of the downward inclined
channel and a slide and screw for adjusting the grooving tool centrally to the
vertical channel, substantially as set forth.
Fifth-The combination in a type dressing machine, of equalizers and cutters
sustained by the equalizers, a pusher for moving a line of type along progressively 1
between the equalizers while the bases of the letters are being dressed by the cutters,
a stationary segmental block against the concave side of which the line of types pass
directly from between the equalizers, and a yielding sustaining finger contiguous to
the concave surface of the segmental block adapted to support the end type in the
line of types, as such line of types is moved progressively against the concave side
of the stationary segmental block, substantially as set forth.
Sixth: The combination in a type dressing machine with the equalizers and a
bed upon which the equalizers are fastened parallel to each other and cutters fastened
upon the equalizers, and a pusher for moving the line of types along progressively
in a channel between the equalizers, of à concave stationary segment at the end
of the channel, a sustaining finger pivoted at or near the center of the segment and
adapted to be moved by the pressure of the types as they are moved along the
curved surface of the stationary segment, and a convex, spring sector near the
segment and having an opening in it through which the end of the sustaining finger
passes, substantially as set forth.
Seventh-The combination in a machine for rubbing and dressing types, of
equalizers between which the types are sustained and means for moving such types
through between the equalizers and a stationary destroyer above the channel between
the equalizers for marring the faces of such types as may stand too high in the line
of types, substantially as set forth.
Eighth The combination with the stationary and adjustable equalizers and the
pusher in a type finishing machine, of cutters, bridges secured to the equalizers and
channeled for the reception of the upper edges of the cutters, there being spaces
between the lower sides of the bridges and the upper surfaces of the equalizers
for the passage of chips and particles of metal dressed from the types by the action.
of the cutters, substantially as set forth.
Ninth The combination with the feed plate and the adjustable guides thereon
between which the types are fed, of a hinged cover over the feed channel, a pivoted
stop having a finger across the feed channel, and an adjusting screw for raising or
lowering such finger, substantially as set forth.
Tenth: The combination in a type rubbing or dressing machine with the
equalizers, cutters and pusher, of a pump and tubes and nozzles for directing
currents of air substantially at right angles to each other upon the cutters for
dislodging and blowing away the chips and particles of metal dressed from the types,
substantially as set forth.
Eleventh-The combination in a machine for finishing types, of stationary and
adjustable equalizers, and a pusher for moving the types along between the equalizers
and cutters for dressing or rubbing such types, and ledges for supporting the lower
ends of the type bodies, and a spring finger for pressing the types downward so that
their lower ends rest upon such ledges, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth The combination in a machine for finishing types, of stationary and
adjustable equalizers and a pusher for moving the types along between the equalizers

page_text: and cutters for dressing or rubbing such types, and ledges for supporting the lower
ends of the type bodies, a finger and means for raising the finger, and a spring
for pressing the finger down and causing it to move the type down between the
equalizers for its bottom end to rest upon the ledges, substantially as set forth.
Thirteenth-The combination in a machine for finishing types, of equalizers
between which the types are moved, a finger extending over the types, a stem upon
the same, a pusher for moving the types along, and a table upon which the bottom
ends of the types rest, such table acting to raise the finger, and a spring for forcing
the same down, and ledges upon which the bases of the types are received,
substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth-The combination with the equalizers and cutters, of plates
connected with the equalizers at their under sides and projecting at their edges to
form ledges for supporting the types in the channel between the equalizers in
combination with a grooving tool for acting upon the lower ends of the types and
means for supporting and adjusting the grooving tool, substantially as set forth.
Fifteenth The combination with the grooving tool, of a stock having a mortise
through it for receiving the grooving tool, a tubular clamping screw and an
adjusting screw passing through the clamping screw and having a tapering end
passing into a hole in the grooving tool for supporting and adjusting such grooving
tool, substantially as set forth.
Sixteenth-The combination in a type finishing machine, of means for dressing
or rubbing the types, a grooving tool and its supporting stock, mechanism for
adjusting the stock and grooving tool, and an indicating dial to denote the required
positions for the grooving tool according to the size of the type that is being
dressed. substantially as set forth.
Dated this 30th day of December 1897.
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 5ª, Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.