CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16, Castle
Street, Holborn (City), London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."-A communication.
Sealed the 29th December 1854, and dated the 20th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th September 1854.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven.
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES" to be as follows; and
consist in,-
Firstly, the adaptation of the movements of the cloth or other material to
receive, or of the movements of the needle to produce, stitches substantially
similar to those produced by hand-sewing, and known as the button-hole stich,
whip-stitch, & herring-bone stitch. In working either of the above forms of
stitch, the interlacing of the threads must take place twice, or two ordinary
stitches be made to form a complete stitch, the said interlacing taking place
alternately in two parallel lines along the material, one of said lines in the
button hole or whip-stitch being outside, or upon the edge of the cloth. To
the needle or to the cloth is given a movement lateral to the line of the
sewing, in opposite directions, alternately between every two successive inter-
lacings of the thread; that is to say, two such movements during every

page_text: complete stitch, in addition to the direct movement in the line of the sewing,
commonly called the feed motion.
Secondly, the employment of an additional needle or other device, arranged
so as to work from the opposite side of the material to which the usual sewing
needle works, so that while the operation of interlacing the threads on the
edge of the hole is being performed, & just before the loop is drawn tight,
it passes through & retains the tightened loop around it until it is withdrawn
therefrom, to make way for the sewing needle, which on its next movement
past the edge of the cloth, enters within the loop, & leaves its next loop pro-
truded through it, thus causing each loop made at the edge of the cloth to be
clasped by its predecessor.
Thirdly, in arranging the feeding mechanism to give only one feeding move-
ment to the cloth for every two operations of the needle & shuttle, & con-
sequent interlacings of the thread in certain descriptions of sewing; and in
the stoppage of the feed movement in the direction of the line of sewing,
by the breaking of the needle thread, or by the catching of the thread in the
seam; also in the use of a hook, working laterally, through an opening in the
shuttle race, to seize the shuttle thread between the shuttle & the cloth, &
causing a tension to act in opposition to that of the needle thread.
Also in working the shuttle in a convenient mode, whereby great facility is
afforded for adjusting it longitudinally, so that, without receiving more motion
than is necessary to carry it through the loop, its movements may commence
and terminate at such points that it cannot fail to enter & pass through the
loop.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal l'atent
Office on the 19th March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City), London,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard
Loradoux Bellford, by an instrument in writing under ny hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention applies to that description of sewing machine which forms
the stitch by the interlacing of two threads, one of which is passed through the
cloth by a needle, and left protruding in the form of a loop, through which the
other is carried by a shuttle, or its equivalent.
The first part of this Invention relates to the adaptation of the movements
of the cloth or other material to be sewed to receive, or of the movements of
the needle to produce, in the sewing machine, stitches substantially similar in
appearance, construction, and character to the stitches produced by hand-
sewing, and known as the button-hole stitch, whip-stitch, and herring-bone
stitch. In working either of the above forms of stitch, the interlacing of the
threads must take place twice, or two ordinary stitches be made to form a
complete stitch, the said interlacing taking place alternately in two parallel
lines along the cloth or material, one of said lines in the button-hole or whip-
stitch being outside or upon the edge of the cloth. It is therefore necessary
laterally to the line of the
to give either the needle or the cloth a movement
sewing, in opposite directions, alternately between every two successive inter-
lacings of the thread; that is to say, two such movements during every
complete stitch, in addition to the direct movement in the line of the
sewing, commonly called the feed motion. It is in giving the above
lateral movements to the needle or material that this part of the Invention
consists.
The manner of producing the lateral movement of the needle is illustrated

page_text: vertical section of a complete sewing machine, taken in such a line as to show
all the mechanism for operating the needle entire; Fig. 2 showing the oppo-
site side of a portion of the head which carries the needle slide; and Fig. 3
being a horizontal section of the needle slide, needle bar, and the head which
carries thein. -
A represents the needle slide, having the needle bar B fitted to slide up and
down within it, in the same manner as in some other sewing machines; but
instead of being rigidly attached to the head C, which supports it, this needle
slide is fitted to work in contact with one side of the head C, and pivoted to
its upper part to the said head by a fixed pivot D, upon which it is capable of
swinging to some extent backwards and forwards. The swinging of the
needle slide in a forward direction is limited by a stop piece a on the head C,
which extends the whole length of the slide; and with this stop piece, the
slide, when not under any influence tending to swing, is held in contact, as
shown in red outline in Fig. 1, by a strong spring E, see Fig. 2, which is
secured to the head, and acts upon a stud b, which is secured to the back of
the slide, and protrudes through a slot in the head. This spring is intended
to be of such strength that when it is desired to use the machine for plain
sewing, it will hold the slide perfectly secure and steady, in the position
shown in red, and then the machine resembles a common sewing machine, the
needle bar only receiving a reciprocating motion by means of a lever F, which
is operated by a groove-faced cam G on the main shaft II, which works in
bearings under the table I. The form of the groove in the cam G is not
shown, as the needles of other sewing machines are worked in the same
manner. The lateral movement of the needle is produced by swinging the
slide back and forth from one to the other of the positions indicated in red
and black outlines in Fig. 1. After being swung to either position, the slide
requires to be stationary long enough for the needle to pass the loop through
the cloth, the interlacing of the threads to be performed, and the needle to be
withdrawn, and then have its position quickly changed to be in readiness for
the next stitch or interlacing operation. The swinging of the slide is effected
by connecting it with one end of a short lever c of the first order, which works
on a fixed fulcrum d on the head C, and has its opposite end connected by a
rod c with a laver J of the first order, whose fulcrum is the same as that of
the lever F, which operates the needle bar, and whose lower end is operated
upon through the medium of a friction roller f, by the periphery of the same
cam G that operates upon the lever F. This cam is cylindrical, but has a
raised piece g extending cylindrically half way round its periphery. The less
prominent part of the cam in passing the friction roller does not touch it, and

page_text: therefore the slide is left free to be held by the spring E against the stop
piece a during one half the revolution of the cam; but during the other half
revolution, the cam, having come in contact with the roller, throw's the lower
end of the lever J back and its upper end forward, and thereby, through the
action of the rod e and lever c, throws back the needle slide froin the stop a,
and holds it back.
...
It will be understood that every revolution of the cam has to give tho
needlo bar two movements, viz., one while the slide is in either position.
In order that the distance which the needle moves in a lateral direction
may be regulated, the friction roller f is not attached directly to the lever J,
but to a short arm F, which is hinged thereto, and has its position controlled
by a regulating screw h.
**: 2:
The feed or movement of the cloth in the direction of the line of sewing is
effected by means of a toothed ring h, which is fitted to turn freely on a
circular hub i upon the shuttle race j, shown in Figs. 4 and 5, of which the
former is a front elevation of the same machine, represented in Fig. 1, having
the front part of the table cut away to show the working parts more distinctly,
and the latter is a plan of all the parts of the machine below the table. The
manner of operating the toothed ring will be herein-after explained in con-
nection with other improvements.
The manner of producing the lateral movement of the cloth is illustrated in
Fig. 6, where, instead of the ring h, a drum h' is represented for feeding, and
the shuttle race, instead of being arranged at right angles to the feed motion,
is arranged in a parallel direction. The drum is fitted to run loosely on a
fixed axle k, secured to a hanger k', under the table I, and is capable of
moving longitudinally on the said axle to give the cloth the lateral movement.
A strong spring is placed between 'the drum and the hanger k', to keep the
drum forced back against a flango on the back end of the axle when it is not
driven forward by a cam K on the shaft H. The cam K has its periphery
formed by two semicircles of unequal diameter, united by steps, and acts upon
the drum through the agency of a lever L, a rod m, and a shoe n, see Fig. 7.
During the time the larger semicircle of the cam is passing the lever, the shoo
is forced against the drum, and the drum is driven forward; but while the
smaller semicircle is passing the lever, the drum is left free to the action of the
spring 1, and held against the flange on the back of its axle. The distance of
the lateral motion of the cloth may be varied by changing the position of the
lever L on its fulcrum r, for which duc provision should be made.
the lateral motion is given to the cloth, the needle slido will remain always
stationary, as in other sewing machines. It will be understood that the effect
When

page_text: in sewing will be the same, whether the lateral motion be given to the needle
or to the cloth; but in practice the movement of the needle as at first
described is found to be preferable. In working the herring-bone stitch,
represented in Fig. 8, the needle always passes through the cloth, making
two parallel rows of perforations; but in working the whip-stitch, represented
in Fig. 9, and the button-hole stitch, represented in Fig. 10, the needle passes
the edge of the cloth at every alternate movement, and through it in a
line parallel with the edge at the intervening movements.
The second part of this Invention relates to the manner in which, in work-
ing the button-hole stitch in the machine, the interlacings of the threads on the
edge of the hole are locked or knotted together, for the purpose of holding each
other secure, and confining each other to the line of the edge, where they pre-
sent a regular corded appearance, like that on the edge of button holes when well
worked by hand. This part of my Invention consists in the employment of an
additional needle, or other equivalent device, which is arranged in such a
manner that, while the operation of interlacing the threads on the edge of the
hole is being performed, and just before the loop is drawn tight, it passes
through and retains the tightened loop around it until it is withdrawn there-
from to make way for the sewing needle, which on its next movement past
the edge of the cloth, enters within the loop, and leaves its next loop protruded
through it, thus causing each loop made at the edge of the cloth to be clasped
by its predecessor.
M, Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 11 is a lever, which carries the needle o for retaining
the loop at the edge of the hole. This lever hangs on a fulcrum pin p,
secured in the side of the shuttle race, and receives motion by means of a
friction roller at its rear end, which runs in a groove g' in the opposite side of
the cam G to the groove which drives the needle bar B. The needle o is
curved in the form of an arc, described from the fulcrum pin p, and works
upwards through a hole in the bottom of the shuttle race, being arranged so
that it will pass the sewing needle g in close contact. The groove g¹ in the
cam G is so set out that when the sewing needle is returning past the edge of
the button hole, the needle o, which has previously been withdrawn entirely
below the shuttle race, rises and overtakes it, so as to pass through the loop
just before it is tightened, as is shown in Fig. 11, where the cloth is shown in
blue color and the needle thread in red, after which it remains stationary close
to the edge of the button hole, and retains the loop around around it, as shewn
in Fig. 12, during the whole time of the next operation of the sewing needle
and shuttle, to form the next stitch or interlacing of threads in the cloth, and
then descends, so as to withdraw gradually from the loop, to make room for

page_text: the sewing needle to pass through it on its next descent past the edge of the
cloth, to form a new loop. The needle follows the sewing needle on its
ascent to pass through and retain the new loop during the next stitch or inter-
lacing of threads within the cloth. It will be understood that every loop made
at the edge of the cloth is, by the above-described means, passed through its
predecessor, and by this means a similar result is produced to that produced in
sewing button holes by hand, by forming a loop around the needle at the edge
of the hole.
Without thus passing the loops through their predecessors, the sewing of
button holes by the machine could not be performed so as to preserve a regular
edge, as in tightening, the threads, being unsupported outside the edge, would
be sometimes drawn into the cloth. In order to make the position of the
needle o, or the line in which it works, conform to any varying width of work,
and consequent change of position of the edge of the hole, it must be attached
to the end of the lever M in such a manner as to be adjustable. Various
ways of effecting this would suggest themselves, and therefore it is not con-
sidered necessary to explain particularly any particular attachment.
The third part of this Invention relates to the manner of feeding the cloth
along the machine in working the button-hole stitch. It will be well under-
stood that if the feed took place after every interlacing of the needle and
shuttle threads, the button-hole stitch would present the zig-zag appearance
represented in Fig. 9; & though, owing to the very small amount of feed
which would be given in working the button-hole stitch, compared to what
would be given in working the whip-stitch, this appearance would only be
exhibited in a very slight degree; button holes worked in such a way would
not present the same neat appearance as those worked by hand. In order to
obviate this, and make the machine-sewn button hole equal in appearance to
that sewn by hand, this part of my Invention consists in arranging the feeding
mechanism to give only one feeding movement to the cloth or material for
every two operations of the needle and shuttle, and consequent interlacings
of the threads. By this means, though the thread which forms the first part of
the stitch, or the part which is formed by the first movement of the needle and
shuttle after the feed is laid in a slanting manner, it is covered by the second
part, which is laid at right angles to the edge of the cloth, and parallel with
the visible part of the stitch previously formed. This way of feeding is effected
by employing a single cam V upon the main shaft H to operate on the feed
lever W, and thereby only causing one operation to take place during one
revolution of the shaft, while the cams G, G¹, which operate the sewing needle
and shuttle, are double, and act twice during each revolution. The cam V

page_text: should be arranged to act before the performance of the interlacing of the
threads on the edge of the button hole, preferably to before the interlacing in
the cloth. The form of the cam V is shown in Fig. 17, and also dotted in
Fig. 1. If it be desirable to use the same machine for button holes and plain
sewing, it is necessary to provide a double feeding cam V', shown best in
Fig. 18, in addition to the cam V, and to attach the two cams together, so as
to be capable of being moved along the shaft by a lever X, to bring either one
into position to operate upon the stud and roller Z on the feed lever W: The
feed lever acts upon the feed ring h through a click W', and a'ratchet 15 ón a
shaft 16, which is hung in bearings under the table, and carries 'a small pinion
17, see Fig. 4, which gears with the interior of the toothed 'ring. This way
of feeding, independently of the arrangement for giving only one feeding
movement for two movements of the needle and shuttle, is not new.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in certain means by which the
stoppage of the feed or movement of the cloth in the direction of the line of
sewing is instantaneously effected by the breaking of the needle thread, or
by the catching of the thread in the seam, and consequent failure to form a
perfect stitch.
This part of my Invention is not shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 5, which represent
a complete sewing machine, as, owing to the quantity of mechanism which is
congregated in a small space below the table, it has been thought better to
illustrate it in the separate views, Figs. 13 and 14, where enough of the
mechanism for producing the feed is represented to explain it. The stud =',
upon which the feeding cams act, instead of being like the stud z, previously
referred to, rigidly attached to the feed lever, slides through a hole thereon,
and is jointed to the end of a lever X', whose fulcrum is in a knuckle 18, on
one side of the feed lever. When the machine is in proper operation, the stud
is protruded far enough through that side of the feed lever next' the cams
to be operated upon by the cams, in which position, represented in Fig. 13, it
is held by a spring 26; but when the thread breaks, or the loop is otherwise
prevented from being formed and properly tightened, the lever X' is acted
upon by the stop motion in such a way as to draw aside the stud free of the
cams, when it is evident the feed will cease. The stop motion admits of the
shuttle working either at right angles to the feed, as shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 5,
or parallel therewith; but it is shown in connexion with the latter arrangement,
as it is thus more casily represented. The principal part of the stop motion is
a sliding plate 19, which is attached to the shuttle carrier or driver by screw
bolts passing through slots, represented in dotted outline in Fig. 13, in such a
manner that it is capable of sliding in a direction at right angles to the move-

page_text: The
ment of the shuttle. To one end of this plate is attached a small bent tonguo
20, which, during the forward movement of the shuttle and filling of the loop,
touches the rear end of the shuttle, so that when the shuttle is through the
loop, and the loop is being drawn tight, the latter in slipping off the shuttle
catches the tongue and pulls the sliding plate 19 towards or farther into the
shuttle race, as indicated by the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 13, before
it escapes. In Figs. 13 and 14, the shuttle is supposed to be moving forward,
having just passed through the loop, and the sliding plate has been moved by
the action of the loop on the hook, so that a wiper 21, which is secured to the
plate, and hangs a short distance below it, will, during the return movement of
the shuttle, clear or work free of the end of a lever 27, whose fulcrum is a
knuckle 28, secured to the same side of the feed lever as the lever X. The
lever 27 is connected by a pin and slot, see Fig. 13, with the lever X, so that
one moves the other, but that when one is undisturbed the other is also.
sliding plate 19 is furnished at the opposite end to the tongue 20 with a wiper
22, which hangs below, as shown in Fig. 15, in such a position as to come in
contact just before the backward movement of the shuttle with the inclined or
rounded side of a fixed piece 23, secured to some stationary part of the machine,
and thereby cause the plate 19 to be brought back to the position it occupied
before the action of the loop on the tongue 20 took place. In that position
of the plate, the wiper 21 is in position to come in contact with the end of the
lever 27. If, by any failure of the loop to be drawn over the rear of the shuttle,
the plate 19 should not be moved in the direction of the arrow during the
forward movement of the shuttle, the lever 27 will be undisturbed by the
wiper 21 passing it, in consequence of its being formed with a loose binged end
24, which is held in place by a spring 25, as shown in Fig. 16, and yields to
the wiper as the latter passes forward; but during the backward movement
of the shuttle, the hinged end 24 of the lever becomes rigid as the wiper comes
in contact with it, and in passing it, moves it to the position shown in red in
Fig. 13, and thus withdraws the stud from its active position over tho
feeding cams. This withdrawal of the stud always takes place just before the
prominent or active parts of the cams pass the line of the stud, and continues
till they have passed, and hence the feed is prevented. The levers, after the
wiper 21 has passed, are returned to the position represented in black in
Fig. 13 by the spring 26, so that the stud is always in its active position when
the wiper is not in actual operation on the levers.
The fifth part of this Invention has for its object the drawing of the shuttle
and needle threads in opposition to each other in tightening the stitch, so that
the interlacing of the threads may take place as nearly as possible in the centro
J

page_text: of the cloth, and the shuttle thread may be prevented drawing through to the
upper surface of the cloth, as is frequently the case when that thread is only
subjected to an uniform tension throughout the whole operation, but the
needle thread receives an extra degree of tension at the proper time for
tightening.
This part of the Invention consists in the employment of a hook arranged
and operated to work laterally through an opening in one side of the shuttle
race, and at the proper time to seize the shuttle thread between the shuttle
and the cloth, and by pulling it sideways, to cause a sufficient tension to be
produced upon it to act in opposition to the tension of the needle thread.
In Figs. 1, 4, and 5, s represents the above-named hook, which is attached
to a lever N, which works horizontally on a fulcrumit, close under the table I.
The bend of the hook is on the under side, and is only visible in Fig. 4. The
opening in the shuttle race is shown at u, in Figs. 1 and 5, said opening having
its sides grooved and rounded to receive the thread without causing it-to-be
cut. The lever N is actuated to bring the hook into operation by the rounded
side of two small pieces on the periphery of the cam G, aided by a spring O,
which connects the lever with the table. Excepting at the time one of the
picces g³ is in contact with the lever, the spring draws the hook right over the
shuttle race; but every time either of the pieces g³ pass the lever, which is
always at the proper time to tighten the stitch, the hook is drawn across the
shuttle race, and draws the shuttle thread aside into contact with the sides of
the opening, and though it draws from the shuttle the thread for the next
stitch, it produces such a drag as to draw it very tight in the cloth. In order
that the quantity of thread drawn out from the shuttle may be regulated, the
hook s is not attached rigidly to the lover N, but forms part of an arm P,
which is hinged to N at its fulcrum, and is brought to a state of rigid connection
by a strong spring v, which is attached to it and bears on the lever on one side
of the fulcrum, and a screw to, which it receives in a female screw, and which
bears upon the lever on the opposite side of the fulerum to the spring. The
screw w enables the position of the hook to be changed, so that it will draw
the thread laterally in a greater or less degree, and thus enables the tension
to be regulated.
The sixth part of this Invention relates to a convenient mode of arranging
the mechanism by which the shuttle is driven, whereby great facility is afforded
for adjusting it longitudinally, so that without receiving a motion of greater
length than is necessary to carry it through the loop, its movements may
commence and terminate at such points that it cannot fail to enter and pass
properly through the loop; this arrangement is as follows:-

page_text: Qis a frame, hinged or pivoted at its upper end by pivots x, x, to swing
freely under the table I. This frame carries at its lower end a rock shaft R,
to the upper end of which is secured an arm S, which is connected by a
rod T with the shuttle carrier and which carries at about the centre of
its length a stud, furnished with a friction roller, which runs in a groove in
a cam G' on the driving shaft II. This cam G is hidden, in Fig. 1, behind
the cam G, but its groove, together with the arm S and its stud S', are
shown in dotted outline in that Fig. The frame Q is connected by a strong
spring Q', with a rigid frame U, which is bolted under the table in front of
it, and this spring has a tendency to pull it forward against the end of a
screw U', which works in a female screw in the frame U. By screwing the
screw U backwards or forwards by hand, the arm S is caused to assume
the character of a lever of the first order, with the stud S for its fulcrum,
and thus its upper end is caused to be carried in an opposite direction, and
the path of the shuttle is caused to advance or recede, without changing the
length of its motion or the relative time thereof.
I claim, 1rst, giving either the cloth or material being sewed, or the sewing
needle, a movement laterally to the direction of the line of sewing between
the successive interlacings of the needle and shuttle threads, substantially as
herein-above set forth, for the purpose of producing in the sewing machine
the button-hole, whip, and herring-bone, or such other kinds of stitches as
may be produced by such movements.
2d, the employment of a curved needle o, or its equivalent, arranged and
operating in any way, substantially as described, to enter every loop that is
formed at the edge of the button hole, and retain the same during the next
interlacing of the threads in the cloth, and until the sewing needle enters
it in its next movement past the said edge, in order that every loop formed
at the said edge may be clasped by its predecessor, substantially as herein
described.
3d, arranging the feed mechanism to give the cloth or material to be sewed
one movement in the direction of the line of sewing for every two opera-
tions of the needle and shuttle in working the button-hole stitch, as licrein
specified, for the purpose of laying the visible parts of the threads parallel with
cach other, and avoiding the zig-zag appearance that would be produced by
feeding after every single operation.
4th, the stoppage or prevention of the operation of the feed motion, sub-
stantially as herein described, when the needle thread breaks, or the loop is
otherwise prevented from being formed or drawn tight by the action of the
plate 19 and its appendages, which are attached to the shuttle driver, or other

page_text: equivalent device, and which, unless moved out of the way by the slipping of
the loop over the back of the shuttle, cause the stud through which the feed
mechanism is operated upon to be withdrawn from its active position relatively
to the feeding cam or other device which actuates the feed mechanism.
5th, the hook s, arranged and operating, substantially as herein described,
to produce a drag on the shuttle thread at the proper time for tightening the
stitches, and thus in connection with any suitable means of tightening the
needle thread at the same time, such as have been commonly used to cause
the two threads to draw in opposition to each other, and cause their interlacing
to be performed as nearly as may be desired in the centre of the cloth or
material being sewed.
6th, attaching the arm S which drives the shuttle to a rock shaft R, which
is hung in a swinging frame Q, which is adjustable under the control of a
spring and screw w, so as to regulate the movement of the shuttle, as herein
fully set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 19th day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1855.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)