Improvementsin the Manufacture of Coke, and in Kilns or Ovens for the Manufacture "Coke
Year: 1862

page_text: Drawings. We alter the title of the said Letters Patent from " Improvements
"in the Manufacture of Coke, and in Kilns or Ovens for the Manufacture
"Coke," to "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
46
COKE." We wish to disclaim and do hereby disclaim that part of the said
Specification beginning with the words, "Our Invention" at line 38, page 3,
and ending at the word "coal "in line 4, page 4, of the printed copy of the
Specification, which said words are as follows:-
46
"Our Invention may be carried into effect either by treating the coal in
open coke heaps connected with stacks, or by the use of the improved coke
kilns or ovens herein-after described, which said stacks and coke kilns or
ovens constitute part of our Invention, and may be employed for coking all
"kinds of coal."
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And in line 5, page 4, of the printed copy of the Specification we strike
out the words "in coke heaps fróm coal containing sulphur," and we substitute
the words "according to our Invention."
"
We omit the sentence commencing with the words "Or the stack" in
line 13, and ending with the words "coke heap" at line 17, page 4, of the
printed copy of the Specification, and which words are as follows:-
"Or the stack may be independent of or situated at a distance from the
"coke fire, in which case we convey the smoke and gases from the fire to
66
the stack by means of iron or other tubes or flues connected with the centre
"of the coke heap, either at the top or bottom of the coke beap.".
Also, for the word "this," in line 18, page 4, of the printed copy of the
Specification, we substitute the word "the."
"
Also, after the words "coke heap" in line 27, page 4, of the printed copy
of the Specification we strike out the word "the and substitute the word
any."
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We also omit that part of the Specification beginning at the words "Our
improvements," in line 38, page 4, of the printed copy of the Specification,
and ending with the words "the said chimneys n; n," in line 33, page 5; of
the printed copy of the Specification, and which words are as follows: _" Our
improvements in kilns or ovens for the manufacture of coke are illustrated:
in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawings, Figure 3 being an
elevation (partly in section) of a coke oven constructed according to our.
Invention, and Figure 4 being a plan of the same (partly in section.)"
"We have represented in the said Figures 3 and 4 a large double coke
oven, but single coke ovens, or a combination of more than two coke ovens,
may be constructed according to our Invention. Each of the ovens consists.
46

page_text: 46
of four vertical walls g, h, i, k, one of the said walls having an opening'
at which the coal is charged into the oven and the coke removed therefrom.
"The ovens are open at top. In each oven one or more small perforated
"chambers, m, m, are built, according to the size of the oven. Each of the
"said perforated chambers m, m, is prolonged upwards into the short chimneys
"or stacks n, n, and also opens into a horizontal tube or channel o. The
tubes or channels o, o, open into the flue s. By means of the tubes or
channels o, o, and flue s, the ovens may be connected with the stack p.
By means of the dampers q, q, either of the ovens may be connected with
The coking process can also
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or disconnected from the stack p at pleasure.
66 9. 9.
"
"
"be regulated or stopped in any kiln or oven by means of the said dampers
When the coal in the oven is ignited, air enters from the top of the
heap, and descending converges to the perforated chambers m, m, and
passing through the perforations in the said chambers enters the tubes or
"channels o, o, and passes to the stack p. The course of the air is indicated
The top of the coal in the oven is covered
the usual manner. Sulphurous coal coked
" in kilns or ovens constructed according to our Invention yields coke free or
nearly free from sulphur."
by arrows in Figures 3 and 4.
"with coke dust or other dust in
6
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"Although the kilns or ovens, Figures 3 and 4, are especially suited for
the manufacture of coke from coal containing sulphur, yet the said kilns or
"ovens (as well as the coke fire stack, Figures 1 and 2), may be employed
"for the manufacture of coke from ordinary coal, that is, from coal con-
taining little or no sulphur. In this case less draught of air is required
through the coal being coked, and instead of employing the draught pro-
"duced by the stack p, we employ the quieter draught produced by the short
chimneys n, n. The communication between the channels o, o; and the
46 stack P is cut off by means of the dampers 9, 9; and the chimneys n, n,
"are brought into play by the removal of the dampers r, r, from the tops of
"the said chimneys. n, n."
$6
And in place of the first claim, beginning with the word "Firstly" in
line 39, page 5, of the printed copy of the Specification, and ending with the
word "coked" in line 5, page 6, of the printed copy of the Specification, we
substitute the following claim:-

page_text: We also wish to disclaim, and do hereby disclaim the second claim, begin-
ning at the word "Secondly," at line"6, and ending at the word "Drawings,"
'at line 8, page 6, of the printed copy of the said Specification, which second
claims is as follows:-
"Secondly, the improvement or improvements in kilns or ovens for the
manufacture of coke, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 3
"and 4 of the accompanying Drawings.".
: "
: The title and Specification of the said Patent when altered will be as
follows:-
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"
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
FISHER SMITH, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Agent, and THOMAS
SWINNERTON, of Dudley aforesaid, Blast Furnace Manager, send greeting.
"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
"the said Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas Swinnerton, Her special licence,
that we, the said Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas Swinnerton, our
"executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas Swinnerton, our executors, adminis-
"trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from
""time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
"should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
© Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COKE,' upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas Swinnerton, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
"under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe
"and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
" same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
"Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
"date of the said Letters Patent.
"
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"
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"NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas
Swinnerton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: "manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described, and
* ascertained in and by the following statement. thereof, that is to say:
"Our Invention. consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in treating the
"coal called in South Staffordshire new mine coal,' or stinking coal,' or
"other coals containing sulphur; the object of our Invention being to pro-
"duce from coal containing sulphur coke free or nearly free from sulphur.
"Our method of making coke from sulphurous coal may also be applied to
"the manufacture of coke from all kinds of coal. In manufacturing coke,
"according to our Invention, we make the coal into coke heaps of: the
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ordinary kind covered as usual with coke dust or other dust. In the centre
"of the coke heap we arrange a vertical perforated. pipe or channel of brick-
66.. work, which communicates with the interior of the coke heap, and is
prolonged upwards, so as to constitute a stack or chimney terminated by a
damper.
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"
When the coal is ignited a strong draught is determined through the
"stack and coke heap, the air passing from all sides of the coke heap into
"the interior of the perforated pipe or channel, and from thence into the
"stack or chimney.
"
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Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings illustrate the method of carrying our
"Invention into effect, Figure 1 being an elevation (partly in section), and
Figure 2a horizontal section, taken through the line a, Figure 1. The
"vertical pipe or channel b, around which the coal c is heaped, has perfora- .
"tions d, d, made in all its sides, and is surmounted by the chimney or
"stack e. The said chimney or stack e has a damper f, by which the draught
through it can be regulated or stopped at pleasure. When the heap c is
ignited the air enters the coke heap on all sides, and converging to the pipe
or channel b, passes through the perforations d, d, into the chimney or
"stack e. By thus directing a current of air through the coke heap, any
"sulphur contained in the coal is wholly or partially removed, and coke is
"produced from sulphurous coal which is fit for use in blast furnaces or
"foundry cupolas, and for other purposes for which coke free from sulphur
"is required. The current of air made to pass through the coke heap is
"regulated by the damper f, a greater quantity being made to pass through
"the heap when coal containing a large quantity of sulphur is being coked,.
than when coal containing a small quantity of sulphur is being coked. The
"amount of draught required for the ordinary kinds of coal containing
sulphur is little more than is necessary to effect the coking of the coal.

page_text: "
When the coking is completed the damper f is shut down, and the coke
heap is watered and treated in the usual manner.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
"which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do
not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and illustrated in
"the Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
"of our Invention; but we claim as our Invention,"-
:
"The improvement or improvements in the manufacture of coke from coal
"containing sulphur, and from other coal, herein-before described, and illus
"trated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, passing a current of
"air through the heap of coal being coked by means of a vertical perforated
pipe or channel surmounted by a stack or chimney, the said current being
"made to pass from the exterior to the middle of the heap of coal being
" coked."
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas
Swinnerton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-two.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Fisher Smith, of Dudley, in the. County
of Worcester, Agent, and Thomas Swinnerton, of Dudley aforesaid, Blast
Furnace Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
KIING OR OWENS FAD THE MANTRACTURE OF COKE"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Fisher Smith
and Thomas Swinnerton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th February 1862.
We, EDWARD FISHER SMITH, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester,
Agent, and THOMAS SWINNERTON, of Dudley, aforesaid, Blast Furnace Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COKE, AND IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE,"
to be as follows:
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after explained, in treating
the coal called in South Staffordshire, "new mine coal," or "stinking coal,"
and other coals containing sulphur, the object of our Invention being to
produce from coal containing sulphur, coke free or nearly free from sulphur.
Our Invention may be carried into effect either with coke heaps, or in
connection with the improvements in coke kilns or ovens herein-after ex-
plained.
In manufacturing coke in coke heaps from coal containing sulphur accord-

page_text: ing to our Invention, we make coke heaps of the ordinary kind, the said coke
heaps being covered as usual with coke dust or other dust. On the summit
of the coke heap we fix a pipe or tube of iron, or a pipe or channel of brick-
work, the lower end of the said tube or channel opening just above the top of
the coke heap, and being luted by a clay or sand lute to the top of the coke
heap. The said tube or channel is connected with a stack or tall chimney,
and a strong draught is thereby determined through the said tube or channel
and coke heap, the air passing from all sides on the exterior of the coke heap
into the interior and up the tube or channel into the stack. Several of the coke
heaps may be arranged around a central stack, the connecting pipes having
dampers. By the method described of directing the air in the coke heap, the
sulphur contained in the coal being coked is wholly or partially removed, and
coke is produced from sulphurous coal, which is fit for use in blast furnaces or
foundry cupolas, and for other purposes for which coke free from sulphur is
required.
Our improvements in kilns or ovens for the manufacture of coke are as
follows:-
The said kilns or ovens are closed on three sides and open at top. The
fourth side is partly open. We prefer to build the kilns or ovens side to side
or back to back. Openings are made in the outer sides of each kiln,
at which openings air enters and passes through the coal being coked. In
the interior of each kiln or oven, and at the side opposite that at which the
before-mentioned openings are situated one or two small perforated chambers
are built according to the size of the kiln or oven. In the side or top of each
of the said chambers, a tube or channel is fixed, which opens into or commu-
nicates with a stack. During the coking process, the air which enters
through the openings in the outer wall of the kiln or oven passes through the
.coke, converging to the small perforated chambers, and from thence through
the tube or channel to the stack. The top of the coal heap in the kiln or
oven, is covered with coke dust or other waste in the usual way. Sulphurous
coal coked in kilns or ovens constructed according to our Invention yields
coke free, or nearly free, from sulphur. By means of dampers in the flues
communicating with the stack, the coking process can be regulated or stopped
in any kiln or oven at-pleasure.
Although the kilns or ovens constructed as before explained are especially
suited for the manufacture of coke from coal containing sulphur, yet the
said kilns or ovens may be employed for the manufacture of coke from ordinary
coal, that is coal containing little or no sulphur.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas Swinnerton in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 1st August 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
5 FISHER SMITH, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Agent, and THOMAS
SWINNERTON, of Dudley aforesaid, Blast Furnace Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas Swinnerton, Her special licence that
we, the said Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas Swinnerton, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Fisher Smith
and Thomas Swinnerton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all tinies there
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COKE, AND IN; KILNS OR OVENS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE,"
upon the condtion (amongst others) that we, the said Edward Fisher Smith and
Thomas Swinnerton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of
one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Fisher Smith and Thonias
Swinnerten, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be. performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
Our Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in treating the coal
called in South Staffordshire "new mine coal," or "stinking coal," or other
coals containing sulphur, the object of our Invention being to produce from
coal containing sulphur, coke free or nearly free from sulphur. Our method
of making coke from sulphurous coal, may also be applied to the manu-
facture of coke from all kinds of coal.
Our Invention may be carried into effect, either by, treating, the coal. in.

page_text: open coke heaps connected with stacks. or by the use of the improved coke
kilns or
ovens herein-after described,, which said stacks and coke kilns or
ovens constitute part of our Invention, and may be employed for coking all
kinds of coal.
In manufacturing coke in coke heaps from coal containing sulphur, we
make the coal into coke heaps of the ordinary kind covered as usual with
coke dust or other dust. In the centre of the coke heap we arrange a
vertical perforated pipe or channel of brickwork, which communicates with
the interior of the coke heap and is prolonged upwards so as to constitute
a stack or chimney. terminated by a damper. When the coal is ignited a
strong draught is determined through the stack and coke heap, the air
passing from all sides of the coke heap into the interior of the perforated
pipe or channel, and from thence into the stack or chimney. Or the stack
may be independent of or situated at a distance from. the coke fire, in
which case we convey the smoke and gases from the fire to the stack by
means of iron or other tubes or flues connected with the centre of the coke.
heap either at the top or bottom of the coke heap.
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings illustrate this method of carrying our
Invention into effect. Figure 1 being an elevation (partly in section), and
Figure 2 a horizontal section taken through the line a, Figure 1. The
vertical pipe or channel b, around which the coal cis heaped, has perfora-
tions d, d, made in all its sides, and is surmounted by the chimney or stack e.
The said chimney or stack e has a damper f, by which the draught through it
can be regulated or stopped at pleasure. When the heap-c is ignited; the air
enters the coke heap on all sides, and converging to the pipe or channel b,
passes through the perforations d d; into the chimney or stack e. By thus
directing a current of air through the coke heap, the sulphur contained in
the coal is wholly or partially removed, and coke is produced from sulphurous
coal which is fit for use in blast furnaces or foundry cupolas, and for other
purposes for which coke free from sulphur is required. The current of air made
to pass through the coke heap is regulated by the damper f, a greater quantity
being made to pass through the heap when coal containing a large quantity of
sulphur is, being coked than when coal containing a small quantity of sulphur
is being coked. The amount of draught required for the ordinary kinds of
coal containing sulphur-is little more than is necessary to effect the coking of
the coal. When the coking is completed, the damper fis shut down, and the
coke heap is watered, and treated in the usual manner.
Our improvements in kilns or ovens for the manufacture of coke are illus-
trated in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawings. Figure 3 being

page_text: an elevation (partly in section) of a coke oven constructed according to our
Invention; and Figure 4 being a plan of the same (partly in section).
We have represented in the said Figures 3 and 4, a large double, coke
oven, but single coke ovens, or a combination of more than two coke ovens,
may be constructed according to our Invention. Each of the ovens consists
of four vertical walls g, h, i, k, one of the said walls having an opening 7, at
which the coal is charged into. the oven, and the coké removed therefrom.
The ovens are open at top. In each oven one or more small perforated
chambers m,. m,, are built according to the size of the oven. Each of the said
perforated chambers m, m, is prolonged upwards into the short chimneys or
stacks n,.n, and also opens into a horizontal tube or channel o: The tubes
or channels o, o, open into the flue s. By means of the tubes or channels o, o,
and flues, the ovens may be connected, with the stack p. By means of the
dampers q, q, either of the ovens may be connected with or disconnected from
the stack p at pleasure. The coking process can also be regulated or stopped
in any kiln or oven by means of the said dampers q, q. When the coal in
the oven is ignited, air enters from the top of the heap, and descending con-
verges to the perforated chambers-m, m, and passing through the perforations
in the said chambers enters the: tubes. or channels o, o, and passes to the
stack p. The course of the air is indicated by arrows in Figures 3 and 4.
The top of the coal in the oven is covered with coke dust, or other dust in
the usual manner. Sulphurous coal coked in kilns or ovens constructed
according to our Invention yields coke free or nearly free from sulphur.
Although the kilns or ovens, Figures 3 and 4, are especially suited for the
manufacture of coke from coal containing sulphur, yet the said kilns or ovens
(as well as the coke fire stack, Figures 1 and 2), may be employed for the
manufacture of coke from ordinary coal, that is from coal containing little or
no sulphur. In this case less draught of air is required through the coal
being coked, and instead of employing the draught produced by the stack p,
we employ the quieter draught produced by the short chimneys n, n. The
communication between the channels o, o, and the stack p, is cut off by means
of the dampers 9, 9, and the chimneys n, n, are brought into play by the
removal of the dampers r, r, from the tops of the said chimneys n, n.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do
not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the
Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
our Invention; but we claim as our Invention,―
Firstly, the improvement or improvements in the manufacture of coke from

page_text: coal containing sulphur, and from other coal herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, passing a current of
air by means of a stack through the coal being coked, the said current being
made to pass from the exterior to the middle of the mass of coal being
coked.
Secondly, the improvement or improvements in kilns or ovens for the manu-
facture of coke, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Fisher Smith and Thomas
Swinnerton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirty-first
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-two.
tness,
GEORGE SHAW.
EDWARD FISHER SMITH. (L.S.)
THOMAS SWINNERTON.
(L.S.)