CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE JACQUARD MACHINE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau,
of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France, and 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE JACQUARD MACHINE."
-A communication from Mr. Raymond Ronze, of Lyons, in
France.
Sealed the 15th March 1854, and dated the 30th November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Armand le
Comte de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November 1853.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 39, Rue de
l'Echiquier, Paris, France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE JACQUARD MACHINE,"
(communicated to me by Mr. Raymond Ronze, of Lyons, in France),
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in constructing an improved jacquard ma-
chine. The apparatus is furnished with grab having a double row of

page_text: moveable bars. The odd and even bars of each row are acted on by a
broken cylinder. The part of the cylinder belonging to the ground
harness, and which commands the bars of the grab, turns at every
shoot. The other part of the cylinder producing the pattern, strikes
twice on the same card, so as at the first shoot to bring the odd hooks
into action, and the even hooks at the second shoot, reference being
had to the Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon.
The same letters of reference represent parts which are similar. Figure 1,
Drawing I., is an internal side view of the apparatus. Figure 2, is a
side view of the needles of the batten, with the two cylinders. Figure 3,
Drawing II., elevation of the hooks. A, are the moveable bars. B, B,
two racks, one sets in motion the odd bars, the other the even bars of
the first row of grab. C, C, are_two_racks for setting in motion the
second row of grab; they are disposed like the others and drawn back
by the cards of the small cylinder to prevent them being got hold of
by the hooks.. D, D, small rollers on which the racks are set, to
facilitate their alternate motion. E, four rods to put in motion the
racks by means of the needles F. F, needles setting in motion the
small cylinder which turns every shoot and causes the bar to act
according to the pattern. G, small cylinder rotating at each shoot.
H, iron arms supporting the two cylinders and susceptible of being
undone to admit of one cylinder being set on the whole length if
necessary. I, springs-serving to make-the racks return to their proper
places when put in motion by the small cylinder. Figure 3, Drawing
II., K, one row of hooks. L, double branched collar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 39, Rue de 3
l'Echiquier, Paris, France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Patent Agent, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte
de Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention. for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE JACQUARD MACHINE,"
communicated to me from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Figures of the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters marked thereon, in which in all the Figures the same
letters of reference represent parts which are similar, that is to say:-
'The Invention communicated to me consists in certain improvements
in the constructing of the jacquard machine, by which, firstly, one card
is sufficient for every two shoots; secondly, the same cards, without
being withdrawn from their cylinder, will serve to weave seven or eight
different kinds of articles; thirdly, the same patterns can be repro-
duced at will upon grounds of different kinds, without the necessity of a

page_text: new reading. The improved machine does not require any alterations
of the various processes preceeding the mounting of a jacquard loom,
such as the putting on ruled paper, and the reading in; the weaving
itself is also the same. In the ordinary jacquard machine the bars of
the grab are fixed, but in this new machine the grab is composed of a
double row of moveable bars. The odd and even bars of each row
being set in motion by means of a disjointed or double cylinder. The
part of this cylinder belonging to the ground harness or shafts, and
giving the motion to the bars, turns for every shoot, but the other part
of the cylinder, that is to say, the part belonging to the pattern, strikes
twice with the same card to allow by the first shoot the production of
the pattern read on the odd needles, and by the second shoot the pro-
duction of the pattern read on the even ones.
With double acting
needles, when one of them communicates the motion to the odd hooks
of the upper row of the moveable bars, it acts also on the even hooks
of the lower row. Therefore by the same mode of acting, when the
needle is moving the odd hooks of the lower row, it also communicates
the motion to the even hooks of the upper row, the completement of a
cutting in a cross-necked monture is thereby produced.
The improved mode of construction obviates the necessity of using a
small machine, besides the large one, for the weaving of most articles;
and the small machine employed can also be suppressed when the
machine is worked by a second treadle.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, of the Drawing represents an internal view of the jacquard
seen from the side towards the lantern. Figure 2, is a view of the
batten with the two parts of the disjointed or double cylinder; and
Figure 3, represents a row of hooks with double acting needles.
In these Figures A, A, are the moveable bars. B, B', two iron
racks; the dotted lines represent B'; to each rack half of the bars of
the first row of the grab are fixed. One of the racks gives motion to
the odd bars, and the other rack to the even ones; the alternate move-
ment of the racks serves to raise or lower the bars. C, C', represents
the two iron racks of the second row of the grab; the rack C', is repre-

page_text: sented by dotted lines; they are fitted like the racks B, B', and are
shewn in the Drawing, when the small part G, of the cylinder has
pushed them back to avoid the hooks. D, D, D, D, are four iron
rollers on which the racks B, B', and C, C', are set, and facilitate the
alternate motion. E, E, E, E, four levers communicating to the racks
B and C, the motion which they have received themselves from the
needles. F, F, double acting needles; they are put in motion by the
small part G of the disjointed cylinder; they are made of iron wire and
are provided with two eyes; they cross the machine and the hooks pass
through the eyes. G, G', disjointed cylinder, composed of two parts G
and G'; the pattern is placed on the largest G'; the ties which are to
be produced by the ground harness or shafts are placed on the smaller
part G, of the cylinder, which gives motion at the same time to the
racks B, B, and C, C. This part G, turns for every shoot to work the
moveable bars A, A. H, iron piece supporting the two parts G and G', of
the disjointed cylinder, and which may be withdrawn when it is required
to use a cylinder for the whole length of the machine. I, I, pistons
causing the racks C, C', and B, B', to fall back to their proper position
when they have performed the motion given to them by the part G, of
the cylinder; the heads of these pistons have the form of hammers, and
their rods are surrounded with a spiral spring yielding to the pressure
of the racks B, B, and C, C¹, but causing these to return to their place
when the pressure is 'no longer exerted by the part G, of the cylinder.
K, set of a row of hooks with double acting needles. L, double necked
cord.
'
WORKING OF THE MACHINE.
To make tabby on the first shoot in the par twhich should make
To make tabby on the first shoot in the par iwhich should make
tissue by the second shoot with the same card, it is necessary (on the
first shoot), by means of the parts acted on by the parts G of the cylin-
der, to raise the half of the bars of the grab. Then the part-pierced
"masse, or all taken" on the card, rises naturally in tabby, since the
half of the hooks are left down by the bars of the grab being raised;
the same card strikes a second time, and the bars not being raised by
the
part
G of the cylinder, the tissue is produced exactly as it is read

page_text: on the card. To obtain two shoots of (tissu lance) or brocade, by the
same card, two hooks are necessary for cross-necked mountures, of
which one belongs to the even threads and the other to the odd threads
of each cutting; the double acting needles F, F, by means of one hole
cut in the card, allow the lifting of two hooks, which raises the whole
of the cutting, one of the hooks being on the upper and the other on
the lower rank of bars.
Thus by reading a pattern on the odd needles and another on the
even ones on the same card, it is merely necessary to raise up on the
first shoot, by the motion given to the part G of the cylinder, the bars
corresponding to the hooks of the odd needles, and on the second shoot
of the same card to rise the bars corresponding to the hooks of the even
needles; by such means two different patterns are produced with the
same card without altering the execution in any way.
I have herein-before stated that a needle puts in motion two hooks,
one with odd, the other with even threads, and as either of the hooks, or
even both, can be dispensed with by rising the bars, it follows, that by
reading the ground of the work upon half of the needles and the pat-
tern upon the other half, I can produce one or the other, that is to say,
either the ground or the design in effect of shoot, of tabby, or in effect
of warp. I allow the two hooks to be raised for producing the effect
of shoot, and for the tabby I dispense with one of the two hooks. by
raising the bars; to obtain the effect of warp, I dispense with both.
This new machine is capable of producing, without any exception,
all that is obtainable by the common jacquard machine, but has further
the advantage of dispensing with half the cards for all the articles, two
shoots in the hole and tabby, with patterns by the warp and shoot;
and also for the (lance tissu) and brocaded works, which include most
fabrics, it reduces to half the expenses attending the reading in and
the cards; and, as the last are lessened to one half of their volume,
this improvement alone for the weaving of rich goods, which always
require very bulky, cumbersome, and expensive cards, is of the utmost
importance.
The applications of the machine are so numerous that on many occa-
sions it is possible with a ground or pattern tabby to produce at will a

page_text: shoot or warp effect. Patterns made by the shoot can be transformed.
into tabby or satin.
.
Without taking off the cards a (lance tissu) or brocade can be sup-
pressed. In general all, the mountings with many threads to the mail.
are dispensed with, and on account of the expenses attending the
changes of monture, this suppression is a very great improvement. To
make an article with several threads.to the mail on cross-necked mon-
tures, it is necessary to employ. a machine of double the number of
hooks, but by the economy of half the cards being suppressed, and the
reading in, a compensation of expences takes place, and manufacturers
have the advantage of obtaining all the richness of an article ("tout à
corps ") or one thread in the mail, which he cannot produce by means
of a monture with several threads in the mail..
And having now described the nature of the Invention communicated
to me, and the best manner of which the same is to be carried into
effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the
precise details or arrangements of the several parts described, as many
variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the principles
or main features of the Invention; but what I claim as new, and
intended to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent, is,
Firstly, the constructing of the grab in jacquard machine with a
double row of moveable bars; as herein-before described, reference being
had to Figure 1 of the Drawing.
Secondly, the four iron racks, into each of which half of the bars of
each row of the grab is set, as herein-before described, reference being
had to Figures 1 and 3 of the Drawing.
Thirdly, the constructing of the levers E, E, E, E, and their mode
of acting, as herein-before described, reference being had to Figure 1
of the Drawing.
Fourthly, the constructing of the pistons I, and their alternate motion,
as herein-before described, reference being had to Figures 1 and 2 of
the Drawing.
Fifthly, the mode of acting of the disjointed or double cylinder G, G',
having the part G, turning for every shoot, and the part G¹, striking
"

page_text: twice the same card, as herein-before described, reference being had to
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing.
Sixthly, the constructing and motion of double acting needles, as
herein-before described, reference being had to Figures 1 and 3 of the
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
T. H. HADGLEY.
L' DE FONTAINE MOREAU. (t.s.)

page_text: LONDON: Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1854.