Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Grinding or Reducing Phosphates, Bones, or other Substances.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1892)
Complete Specification Left, 5th July, 1893-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Grinding or Reducing
Phosphates, Bones, or other Substances.
I JOHN UNWIN ASKHAM of Yorkshire Steel and Engineering Works Sheffield
in the County of York Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to machines or apparatus for grinding or reducing in
which machines or apparatus the substances to be ground or reduced are acted
upon between a stationary ring and a revolving ring or arms the said rings
or ring and arms being enclosed by a casing provided with an inlet and an outlet
and if required also with a sieve or with sieves through which the ground or
reduced material passes before it leaves the machine. The internal surface of the
stationary ring and the external surface or periphery of the inner revolving ring or
the ends of the arms are provided with cutters or teeth which can be made
removeable so that they can be readily renewed when required. The said cutters
or teeth in the outer stationary ring can be formed in one with the ring itself or
the said ring and teeth can be made up of segments of a ring. The said cutters
or teeth can be made dovetailed at their inner parts and corresponding and taper
recesses or grooves be made in the parts to which they are to be secured so that
the said cutters or teeth may be slidden and forced sideways into the said recesses
or grooves so that they become firmly fixed therein and plates may be secured on
each side of the revolving ring by bolts or otherwise to prevent the cutters or
teeth working out sideways or I may secure the teeth or cutters in holes formed
for their reception in the parts to which they are to be secured and they may be
inserted vertically or radially that is from the periphery instead of from the sides.
I may use cotters bolts and nuts or other suitable fastenings for further securing the
cutters or teeth in place. I prefer to arrange the cutters on the revolving rings
or arms so that they each only extend a part of the distance from side to side of
the revolving ring, they being placed however in different planes so that they do
not all act in the same circular path but form a helical or screw like or zig-zag
series. The cutters or teeth on the stationary ring may be similarly arranged or
they may each extend from side to side. When revolving arms are employed the
teeth or cutters may be secured by being held between the outer sides of the arms,
a cotter or headed bolt passing through the said arms and cutters or teeth and
secured by a nut or any other suitable fastening.
I may make the outer ring of two parts or rings (embraced and secured by an
encircling ring or hoop) with a flange projecting inwardly from the outer edge of
each, the inner periphery of the said parts of the rings and also the inside of the
flanges being serrated or provided with teeth or cutters. Those on the inner
periphery may extend across parallel to the axis or they may be at an angle or at
angles to the axis whilst those on the flanges may be radial with the centre or they
may be at an angle or angles so as to form tangents to a circle or circles struck
from the centre. The ends and sides of the revolving rings or arms are also
provided with serrations teeth or cutters which may be arranged like those on
the parts of the outer stationary ring.
Dated this 5th day of September 1892.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Grinding or Reducing
Phosphates, Bones, or other Substances.
I JOHN UNWIN ASKHAM of Yorkshire Steel and Engineering Works, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to machines or apparatus for grinding or reducing in which
machines or apparatus the substances to be ground or reduced are acted upon
between a stationary ring & a revolving ring or arms the said rings or ring and arms
being enclosed by a casing provided with an inlet and an outlet and if required also
with a sieve or with sieves through which the ground or reduced material passes
before it leaves the machine. The internal surface of the stationary ring and the
external surface or periphery of the inner revolving ring or the ends of the arms
are provided with cutters or teeth which can be made removable so that they can
be readily renewed when required. The said cutters or teeth in the outer stationary
ring can be formed in one with the ring itself or the said ring and teeth can be
made up of segments of a ring. The said cutters or teeth can be made dovetailed
at their inner parts and corresponding and taper recesses or grooves be made in the
parts to which they are to be secured so that the said cutters or teeth may be
slidden and forced sideways into the said recesses or grooves so that they become
firmly fixed therein and plates may be secured on each side of the revolving ring
by bolts or otherwise to prevent the cutters or teeth working out sideways or I may
secure the teeth or cutters in holes formed for their reception in the parts to which
they are to be secured and they may be inserted vertically or radially that is from
the periphery instead of from the sides. I may use cotters bolts and nuts or other
suitable fastenings for further securing the cutters or teeth in place. I prefer to
arrange the cutters on the revolving rings or arms so that they each only extend a
part of the distance from side to side of the revolving ring they being placed
however in different planes so that they do not all act in the same circular path
but form a helical or screw-like or zig-zag series. The cutters or teeth on
the stationary ring may be similarly arranged or they may each extend from side to
side. When revolving arms are employed the teeth or cutters may be secured by
being held between the outer sides of the arms a cotter or headed bolt passing
through the said arms and cutters or teeth and secured by a nut or any other
suitable fastening.
I may make the outer ring of two parts or rings (embraced and secured by an
encircling ring or hoop) with a flange projecting inwardly from the outer edge of
each the inner periphery of the said parts of the rings and also the inside of the
flanges being serrated or provided with teeth or cutters. Those on the inner
periphery may extend across parallel to the axis or they may be at an angle or at
angles to the axis whilst those on the flanges may be radial with the centre or they
may be at an angle or angles so as to form tangents to a circle or circles struck
from the centre. The ends and sides of the revolving rings or arms are also
provided with serrations teeth or cutters which may be arranged like those on the
parts of the outer stationary ring. This is shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawings Figures 1 and 2 being a side view and transverse section
respectively of the outer ring and Figures 3 and 4 shewing the inner arms (or it
may be a complete ring or any portion or portions thereof) in views at right angles
to each other. The parts of the outer ring are marked B2 B3 having flanges pro-
jecting inwards the inner periphery and the inner sides of the flanges being provided
with serrations teeth or cutters as shewn. The parts are secured by a hoop B*
made in parts bolted together at b.

page_text: The arms C (or inner ring or portions of a ring) are provided with serrations
teeth or cutters as at c arranged to act in conjunction with those of the ring B³ B³.
The following is however a description of what I consider the best form of
machine according to my invention.
Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section and Figure 6 a
section at right angles to Figure 5 partly in elevation. A is the casing formed
with removeable top part A enclosing a stationary ring B and revolving arms C
and is provided with an inlet a at its upper part and two outlets at its lower
part one on either side; the said outlets have sieves or screens e sliding in grooves e
in the casing A through which the ground or reduced material passes before it
leaves the machine the sieves being thus readily removable without, stopping the
working of the machine. The internal surface of the stationary ring B and the
ends of the arms C are provided with removable cutters or teeth E E¹ respectively
which are preferably made dovetailed at their inner parts, corresponding taper
recesses or grooves being made in the parts to which they are to be secured so that
the said cutters or teeth E E' may be slidden and forced sideways into the said
recesses and grooves so that they become firmly fixed therein. The ring B may be
formed in any desired number of parts which may be readily renewed when
required.
The cutters E on the revolving arms C are preferably arranged so that they
each only extend a part of the distance from side to side they being placed however
in different planes so as to form a helical or screw like or zig zag series. The said
cutters E' are held in position between the outer sides of the arms C a cotter or
headed bolt may be passed through the said arms and cutters or teeth and secured
by a nut or any other suitable fastening. The cutters or teeth E on the stationary
ring are shewn to extend from side to side but they may be also arranged in a
zig-zag or screw like series and are held in position by side plates or other suitable
means.
The shaft F has a boss G in which the arms C are keyed or otherwise securely
fixed and is, by means of a strap passing round the pulley K, driven from any
suitable prime motor rotated in bearings on the pedestals H mounted on the bed
plate J.
The material to be treated is fed in through the opening u.
The beater arms C
first break it up and then throw the pieces by centrifugal action against the
periphery of the ring B, the cutters E E' on the ring and beaters or arms then
come into action reducing the material by grinding cutting shearing or shredding
until the desired fineness is attained at which period the material can leave the
machine by way of the screens or sieves cc which are of the mesh to suit the desired
fiueness of the material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The general constructions combinations and arrangements of parts constituting
apparatus for grinding bones or other substances substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by the several figures of the accompanying drawings
Dated this 5th dox of Tul, 1803
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents..