IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Tylor, of No. 2, Newgate Street, in the
City of London, Brassfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN VALVE APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF LIQUIDS.”
Scaled the 4th July 1871, and dated the 15th March 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Tylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1871.
I, ALFRED TYLOR, of No. 2, Newgate Street, in the City of London,
Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE. OF
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to regulate the opening and closing of
valves, which I make of such a form that they may close with the
stream without tremor, having let the intended quantity of water pass
through them, and to provide valves that will prevent waste of water in
whatever position the handle or lever that opens them may be left.
By whatever hydraulic or mechanical action my valves are opened,
my Invention is intended principally to provide a means of keeping
A

page_text: them partly open for a particular time, and then closing them gradually,
and, if desired, independently of the particular mechanism that opened
them, my Invention being intended to close them by means of the
pressure of liquid upon the valve itself from the main, combined with
the weight of the valve and its attachments gradually overcoming the
resistance of water in a cylinder provided for the purpose. The closing
and opening forces are so applied as to produce a current in this cylinder
in alternate and opposite directions, and to displace liquid from one part
to another of the cylinder, which is always charged with liquid, except
the part occupied by the piston, and is placed near and attached to the
valve chamber, and thereby assisting and compelling my valves to open
or close gently and slowly, whether with the stream or against it.
My Invention is carried out in the following manner:-My valve is
flat or conical, and has always a spindle or piston attached to or in
contact with it, but when the spindle is smaller than the valve I prefer
it to be joined to it by a conical stem, the cylindrical portion of the
spindle forming a piston and piston rod, and working in a cylinder
attached to the valve chamber, which cylinder is always kept charged
with water or other liquid, except the part occupied by the moving parts
at the time, and is divided by one or more horizontal divisions with
small apertures, and has a pipe to connect the top and bottom of the
cylinder when required, and then I prefer that the valve falls on to its
seat gradually at the same time, so exactly that a part of its spindle
drops into the aperture of the valve scat, so as to cut gradually off
the stream of water flowing thro' the valve, and by which means the
valve is enabled to close without tremor, being also assisted by the
action of the piston; but when the valve seat is smaller than the spindle
I prefer to attach a washer valve directly on to the bottom of the free
cylindrical piston. This piston then falls by its gravity, and the weight
or pressure of water upon it which is introduced round the piston from
below to above, and so closes the valve without tremor as the waterway
is gradually closed. It is obvious that when the piston fits closely in
the cylinder all water must pass through the regulating pipe attached
(which pipe has a screw or tap to throttle the passage way in it) as the
piston rises and falls. When the piston fits loosely or has a valve in it
water passes direct from above to below the piston, or from below to
above it as it rises and falls. Whatever kind of lever or screw or weight
is attached to the valve or pistons hydraulic pressure is used to close or

page_text: open my valves, these can only operate with and are subject to the move-
ment of the piston in the cylinder already described, which is controlled
by the form of the valve and the particular means provided for causing
a current of water to pass from above the piston to below, or from below
to above, which render it impossible to close the valve suddenly, but
cause the valves to shut slowly and gradually, and almost without noise
in the direction of the greater of the two pressures exerted against it at
its opposite extremities.
For convenience of manufacture I prefer to make my small valves
with vertical spindles and cylinders, and my large valves with horizontal
spindles and cylinders on the same principles, and with an external
pump, forcing water into and withdrawing water from the valve
cylinder to cause a current to act upon the valve piston, as already
described.
My valve is always so placed that it is subject to pressure from above
and below, and it may be from the main and a supply pipe, or from a
separate pump, or from an additional piston working in the same
cylinder, and the motion of the valve is always in the direction of the
greater pressure of the two, and I regulate the time and the movement
of this valve by adjusting the means for moving, introducing, or with-
drawing liquid from the cylinder, and so causing a current to act above
or below the piston, according as to whether I wish to close or open the
valve. The time during which the valves I have described fall is always
identical with the time required to displace water from below to above
the pistons, such displacement being assisted and in accord with the
current through the cylinder, however produced, thus limiting and
measuring the quantity of water passing through the valve apparatus
each time that motion is applied to it, and preventing waste of water.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto the said Alfred Tylor Her special licence that I, the
said Alfred Tylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alfred Tylor, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE APPARATUS
FOR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Alfred Tylor, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
KNOW NOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Tylor, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tho
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheets of
Drawings and letters of reference :-
:―
The object of my Invention is to regulate the opening and closing of
valves which I make of such a form that they may close with the
stream without tremor, having let the intended quantity of water pass
in whatever position the handle or lever that opens them may be left.
By whatever hydraulic or mechanical action my valves are opened my
Invention is intended principally to provide a means of keeping them
partly open for a particular time, and then closing them gradually, and,
if desired, independently of the particular mechanism that opened them,
my Invention being intended to close them by means of the pressure of
liquid upon the valve itself from the main, combined with the weight
of the valve and its attachments gradually overcoming the resistance
of water in a cylinder provided for the purpose. The closing and
opening forces are so applied as to produce a current in this cylinder

page_text: in alternate and opposite directions, and to displace liquid from one
part to another of the cylinder, which is always charged with liquid,
except the part occupied by the piston, and may be placed near or.
attached to the valve chamber, and thereby assisting and compelling
my valves to open or close gently and slowly, whether with the stream
or against it.
My Invention is carried out in the following manner :-My valve
is flat or conical, or spherical if preferred, and has generally a spindle
or piston attached to or in contact with it or in connection therewith,
but when the spindle is smaller than the valve I prefer it to be joined
to it by a conical stem, the cylindrical portion of the spindle forming
a piston and piston rod and working in a cylinder attached to the valve
chamber, which cylinder is always kept charged with water or other
liquid, except the part occupied by the moving parts at the time, and
may be divided by one or more horizontal divisions with small apertures,
and has a pipe to connect the top and bottom of the cylinder when
required, and then I prefer that the valve falls on to its seat gradually
at the same time, so exactly that a part of its spindle drops into the
aperture of the valve seat so as to cut gradually off the stream of water
flowing through the valve, and by which means the valve is enabled.
to close without tremor, being also assisted by the action of the piston;.
but when the valve seat is smaller than the spindle I prefer to attach
a washer valve directly on to the bottom of the free cylindrical piston
in that particular case. This piston then falls by its gravity and
the weight or pressure of water upon it which is introduced round
the piston from below to above and so closes the valve without
tremor as the waterway is gradually closed. It is obvious that when
the piston fits closely in the cylinder all water must pass through
the regulating pipe attached (which pipe has a screw or tap to
throttle the passage way in it) as the piston rises and falls. When
the piston fits loosely or has a valve in it water passes direct from above
to below the piston, or from below to above it as it rises and falls.
Whatever kind of lever or screw or weight is attached to the valve or
pistons, or when hydraulic pressure is used to close or open my valves,
these can only operate with and subject to the movement of the piston
in the cylinder already described, which is controlled by the form of the
valve and the particular means provided for causing a current of water
to pass from above the piston to below, or from below to above, which
renders it imposible to close the valve suddenly, but causes the valves

page_text: to shut slowly and gradually, and almost without noise in the direction
of the greater of the two pressures exerted against it at its opposite
extremities.
For convenience of manufacture by preference I make my small valves
with vertical spindles and cylinders, and my large valves with horizontal
spindles and cylinders on similar principles, and with an external pump,
forcing water into and withdrawing water from the valve cylinder to cause
à current to act upon the valve piston as already described.
My valve is so placed that it is subject to pressure of some kind from
above and below, and it may be from the main and supply pipe, or from
a separate pump or from an additional piston working in the same
cylinder, and the motion of the valve is always in the direction of the
greater pressure of the two, and I regulate the time and the movement
of this valve by adjusting the means for moving, introducing, or with-
drawing liquid from the cylinder, and so causing a current to act above
or below the piston, according as to whether I wish to close or open
the valve. The time during which the valves I have described fall
is always identical with the time required to displace water from below
to above the pistons, such displacement being assisted and in accord
with the current through the cylinder, however produced, thus limiting
and measuring the quantity of water passing through the valve apparatus
cach time that motion is applied to it and preventing waste of water.
Such being the nature of my Invention I will now proceed to more
particularly describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, are an elevation and vertical section of an
arrangement of my improved valve apparatus with a pull or draw-up
action as applied to a watercloset; Fig. 1 being the elevation, and Fig. 2
the section, the same letters of reference apply to both figures.
A, A, is a case or body containing the valve and its conical or tapered
lower end B; its raised seat C, C; the spindle E, E; and the piston F.
There is a division or partition D through which the spindle E, E, passes,
and at the bottom end of the spindle is a valve G to allow the liquid
to pass when lifting the piston more quickly than if it passed through H
only, which is opened when moved upwards by the motion of the
spindle E, E, and closes the passage in the piston to which it is applied
when moved downwards, and the piston F is caused to move upward by

page_text: and the raising or moving force ceases the pressure of the liquid upon
the valve B aided by the weight of the parts in connection cause the
valve B and the piston F to descend gradually, closing the valve G, the
downward movement being resisted and regulated by the resistance of
the liquid below the piston which passes through the pipe or passage H, H,
to the space above the piston, the rate at which it does so being regu-
lated by the amount of opening afforded by the valve screw or plug I,
or other convenient arrangement in the pipe or passage H, H, and the
gradual downward movement continues until the valve B rests on its
raised seat C, C, and through its peculiar form and arrangement with
the cylindrical, conical, or tapered lower part stops the flow of the
liquid, closes the opening gradually and without shock or tremor. On
repeating the operation a like result ensues and the velocity of the
descent and the amount of liquid allowed to pass at each operation are
easily regulated by the valve, screw, or plug I, or other suitable arrange-
ment in the pipe or passage H, H, or by means of a notch or groove
in the piston or by a loose piston.
Figs. 3 and 4 Sheet 1, are an elevation and vertical section of an
arrangement of my improved valve apparatus to which a weighted lever
working on a fulcrum is attached as applied to a watercloset with a
seat action, Fig. 3 being the elevation, and Fig. 4 the section. The
letters of reference apply to both Figures.
. A, A, is the case or body containing the valve B with its cylindrical,
conical, or tapered part, its raised seat C, C, and a washer disc plate
or flat valve M attached to the spindle E, E. It will be seen that
this arrangement differs from that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 in having a
separate cylinder N with the division or partition D attached thereto
attached to the case or body A, and in which the piston F and valve G
are placed, and in being provided with a washer disc plate or flat valve M
attached to the spindle E, E. The pipe or passage H, H, with the valve,
screw, or plug I, or other convenient arrangements is attached to the
cylinder N, and the moving parts are actuated by means of the rod P
attached to the lever O turning on the standard or fulcrum Q to which
the spindle E, E, is attached.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-On depressing the
rod P attached to the lever O the lever is carried to the position shewn
by the dotted lines in Fig. 4, raising at the same time the valve B with
its conical or tapered part, the washer disc plate or flat valve M, and

page_text: the end of the spindle E, E, being provided with a stop of metal or other
suitable material which extends across the openings in the piston but
does not prevent the passage of the liquid through the same; H, H, are
two openings connected with a pipe or passage communicating with the
spaces above and below the piston F. In this pipe or passage is a valve
screw or plug I or other convenient arrangement or means for throttling
the passage, and so enabling the amount of liquid passing through the
same to be regulated and increased or diminished within certain limits;
K is the opening or passage by which the liquid enters the valve
chamber, and L is the opening or passage by which it issues, the arrows
shewing the direction of the flow.
The form and arrangement of the valve B and its raised seat C, C,
will be easily understood by the following description, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings. The part of the valve B which
rests on the raised seat C, C, and thereby shuts off the flow of the liquid
is of a greater diameter than the seat and is similar in form to the lid
of a pill box and has a rim, flange, or raised edge around it on the
lower side which surrounds the raised portion of the raised seat C, C,
but does not touch the same; within the rim, flange, or raised edge is
placed a piece of india-rubber, leather, or other suitable material which
when the valve closes the opening rests on the raised edge of the
seat C, C, and so makes a tight joint. Attached to or forming part of
the valve B and joined to the spindle E, E, is a cylindrical taper or
conical part intended to fit into the orifice or passage formed in the
raised valve seat C, C, which gradually diminishes the area of the passage
of the liquid, causing it to be shut off without shock or tremor, and
assists in guiding the valve in its downward motion, and by its form
and gradual action in shutting off the liquid combined with the arrange-
ments, as herein described, causes the whole to form a very efficient
apparatus.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-On raising, lifting,
or drawing up the valve B and the piston F by means of the spindle E, E,
which may be performed by any convenient arrangement a passage is
opened for the flow of the liquid through the entrance orifice K in the
direction shewn by the arrows to the outlet orifice L and the liquid
above the piston F passes through the valve G and passage H, H,
from the top of the piston into the space below the piston. When the
valve and piston have been raised to the extent of their upward travel

page_text: the piston by means of the spindle E, E, until they reach the position
shewn by the dotted lines in the same Figure, and the liquid above the
piston F has passed through the valve G in the piston F to the space
below it. In this position and whilst so retained the washer disc plate
or flat valve M remains in contact with the under side of the raised
valve seat C, C, which is covered by the valve B when on its raised seat,
and so prevents the passage of the liquid from K to L, as shown by the
arrows, but has placed everything in readiness to operate on the removal
of the force which depressed the rod P. On the depressing force being
removed the pressure of the liquid on the washer disc plate or flat
valve M, aided by the weight on the lever O, cause the piston and valves
to descend gradually, but the resistance of the liquid below the piston
retards the movement in proportion to the rate at which the liquid is
allowed to pass by means of the valve, screw; or plug I, or other con-
venient arrangement, through the pipe or passage H, H, to the space
above the piston, and the descent of the moving parts continues at this
rate until the valve B with its cylindrical, conical, or tapered lower part
rests on its raised seat C, C, and through its peculiar form and arrange-
ment with the cylindrical, conical, or tapered lower part stops the flow
of the liquid, and closes the opening gradually without shock or tremor.
On repeating the operation a like result ensues, and the velocity of
the descent and the amount of liquid allowed to pass at each operation
are easily regulated by the valve, screw, or plug I, or other convenient
arrangement, in the pipe or passage H, H, or by means of a notch or
groove in the piston, or by a loose piston.
In the following arrangements applied to cocks or taps my valve is
shewn flat, but it may be conical or spherical if desired. The spindles
or moving parts which pass through the case or body A, A, of the
arrangements of my improved valve apparatus, shewn in the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings, are provided with stuffing boxes and glands,
or a diaphragm or other suitable arrangement, in order to make a tight
joint to prevent leakage.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, are an elevation and vertical section of an
arrangement of my improved valve apparatus with a pull draw-up action
as applied to a watercloset, Fig. 1 being the elevation and Fig. 2 the
section. The same letters of reference apply to both Figures.
A, A, is a case or body containing the valve and its conical or tapered
lower end B, its seat C, C, the spindle E, E, and the piston F. There

page_text: is a division or partition D through which the spindle E, E, passes, and
at the bottom end of the spindle is a valve G to allow the liquid to pass
when lifting the piston more quickly than if it passed through H only,
which is opened when moved upwards by the motion of the spindle E, E,
and closes the passage in the piston to which it is applied when moved
downwards, and the piston F is caused to move upward by the end of
the spindle E, E, being provided with a stop of metal or other suitable
material, which extends across the opening in the piston but does not
prevent the passage of the liquid through the same. H, H, are two.
openings connected with a pipe or passage communicating with the
spaces above and below the piston F. In this pipe or passage is a valve,
screw, or plug I, or other convenient arrangement or means for throttling
the passage, and so enabling the amount of liquid passing through the
same to be regulated and increased or diminished within certain limits.
K is the opening or passage by which the liquid enters the valve
chamber, and L is the opening or passage by which it issues, the arrows
shewing the direction of the flow.
The form and arrangement of the valve B and its seat C, C, will be
easily understood by the following description, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings:-The part of the valve B which rests
on the seat C, C, and thereby shuts off the flow of the liquid, is of a
greater diameter than the seat, and is similar in form to the lid of a pill
box, and has a rim, flange, or raised edge around it on the lower side,
which surrounds the raised portion of the raised seat C, C, but does not
touch the same. Within the rim, flange, or raised edge is placed a piece
of india-rubber, leather, or other suitable material, which when the valve
closes the opening rests on the raised edge of the seat C, C, and so
makes a tight joint. Attached to or forming part of the valve B, and
joined to the spindle E, E, is a taper or conical part placed in the orifice
or passage formed in the valve seat C, C, which gradually diminishes
the area of the passage of the liquid, causing it to be shut off without
shock or tremor, and assists in guiding the valve in its downward
motion, and by its form and gradual action in shutting off the liquid,
combined with the arrangements as herein described, causes the whole
to form a very efficient apparatus.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-On raising, lifting, or
drawing up the valve B and the piston F by means of the spindle E, E,
which may be performed by any convenient arrangement, a passage is

page_text: opened for the flow of the liquid through the entrance orifice, and in
the direction shown by the arrow, to the outlet on the orifice L, and
the liquid above the piston F being prevented from passing below it
through the closing of the valve G, is constrained to pass from the top
of the piston through the pipe or passage H, H, into the space below
the piston. When the valve and piston have been raised to the extent
of their upward travel, and the raising or moving force ceases, the
pressure of the liquid on the valve B, aided by the weight of the parts
in connection, cause the valve B and the piston F to descend gradually,
closing the valve G, the downward movement being resisted and regu-
lated by the resistance of the liquid below the piston, which passes
through the pipe or passage H, H, to the space above the piston, the
rate at which it does so being regulated by the amount of opening
afforded by the valve, screw, or plug I, or other convenient arrangement,
in the pipe or passage H, H; and the gradual downward movement
continues until the valve B rests on its raised seat C, C, and through
its peculiar form and arrangement with the cylindrical, conical, or
tapered lower part stops the flow of the liquid, closes the opening
gradually, and without shock or tremor. On repeating the operation a
like result ensues, and the velocity of the descent and the amount of
liquid allowed to pass at each operation are easily regulated by the
valve, screw, or plug I, or other suitable arrangement, in the pipe or
passage H, H, or by means of a notch or groove in the piston, or by a
loose piston.
Fig. 3 and 4, Sheet 1, are an elevation and vertical section of an
arrangement of my improved valve apparatus, to which a weighted lever
working on a fulcrum is attached, as applied to a watercloset with a
scat action, Fig. 3 being the elevation and Fig. 4 the section. The
letters of reference apply to both Figures.
A, A, is the case or body containing the valve B with its cylindrical,
conical, or tapered part, its raised seat C, C, and a washer disc plate
or flat valve M attached to the spindle E, E. It will be seen that
this arrangement differs from that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 in having a
separate cylinder N with the division or partition D attached thereto
attached to the case or body A, and in which the piston F and valve G
are placed, and in being provided with a washer, disc plate, or flat
valve M attached to the spindle E, E. The pipe or passage H, H, with

page_text: the valve, screw, or plug I, or other convenient arrangement, is attached
to the cylinder N, and the moving parts are actuated by means of the
rod P attached to the lever O turning on the standard or fulcrum Q to
which the spindle E, E, is attached.
· The action of this arrangement is as follows, on depressing the rod P
attached to the lever O, the lever is carried to the position shewn by the
dotted lines in Fig. 4, raising at the same time the valve B, with its
conical or tapered part, the washer, disc plate, or flat valve M and the
piston F by means of the spindle E, E, until they reach the position
shewn by the dotted lines in the same figure, and the liquid above the
piston F has passed through the valve G in the piston I, to the space
below it in this position, and whilst so retained the washer, disc plate,
or flat valve M remains in contact with the underside of the raised valve.
scat C, C, which is covered by the valve B when on its raised seat, and
so prevents the passage of the liquid from K to L ás shewn by the
arrow, but has placed everything in readiness to operate on the removal
of the force which depressed the rod P, on the depressing force being
removed the pressure on the liquid, on the washer, disc plate, or flat
valve M, aided by the weight on the lever O, cause the piston and
valves to descend gradually, but the resistance of the liquid below the
piston retards this movement in proportion to the rate at which the
liquid is allowed to pass by means of the valve screw or plug I or other
convenient arrangement through the pipe or passage H, H, to the space
above the piston, and the descent of the moving parts continues at this
rate until the valve B with its cylindrical, conical, or tapered lower part
rests on its raised seat C, C, and through its peculiar form and arrange-
ment with the conical or tapered lower part stops the flow of the liquid,
and closes the opening gradually without shock or tremor, on repeating
the operation a like result ensues, and the velocity of the descent and
the amount of liquid allowed to pass at each operation are easily
regulated by the valve screw or plug I, or other convenient arrange-
ment in the pipe or passage H, H, or by means of a notch or groove in
the piston or by a loose piston.
Figs. 5 and 6, Sheet 1, are vertical longitudinal sections through an
arrangement of my improved valve apparatus as applied to a cock or
tap; Fig. 5 shewing the orifice closed and the valve at rest, and Fig. 6
the same open for the passage of the liquid and in operation, the letters
of reference apply to both figures and also to Fig. 7.

page_text: A, A, is the shell or body of a cock or tap formed as shewn, in which
are the spindle and adjustable piston or socket B, which contains the
moveable regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug C, and washer valve,
attached to its bottom as shewn by the dotted lines with its seat D
which is slightly raised above the bottom of the cylinder, and through
which is formed the exit orifice or passage E, for the passage of the
liquid, and which has a less area than either the inlet H or the outlet I;
F, F, is the cylinder in which the spindle and adjustable piston or
socket B and moveable regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug C work,
when moved by the handle G which is tapped with a female screw, in
which the screwed spindle B works; H is the pipe or passage through
which the liquid enters, and I the orifice by which it leaves the cock or
tap, the direction being shewn by the arrows. The moveable regulating
piston plunger valve or plug C may be spherical if preferred instead of
cylindrical as shewn, and the washer valve of india-rubber, gutta percha,
leather, or other suitable material may form or be attached to the
seat D.
Fig. 7 shows in section the spindle and adjustable piston or socket B,
and the moveable regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug C contained
therein removed from the shell or body of the cock or tap to shew the
recess or cavity K in the moveable regulating piston, plunger, valve, or
plug C, in which the washer valve of india-rubber, gutta percha, leather,
or other suitable material, is placed in order to make a tight joint when
the moveable regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug C, is on its seat
and so prevent leakage.
The action of this arrangement of valve apparatus is as follows:-
When the supply of liquid is shut off and the valve apparatus is not
being used as represented in Fig. 5, Sheet 1, the moveable regulating
piston, plunger, valve, or plug C, with the washer valve rests on its
raised seat D and closes or covers the exit, orifice, or passage E, retaining
the liquid and preventing its exit through E and the mouth or exit
orifice I, on lifting, raising, or drawing up the spindle and adjustable
piston or socket B by turning round the handle G, the liquid contained
in the space at the top of the adjustable piston or socket B in the
cylinder F escapes down the small space or interstice between B and F,
and the pressure of the liquid on the underside of the moveable regu-
lating piston plunger valve or plug C and the capillary action caused to
rise with the adjustable piston or socket and spindle B, and as the liquid

page_text: passes up between the adjustable piston or socket B, and the moveable
regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug C, the moveable regulating
piston, plunger, valve, or plug C, will slowly and gradually descend by
its own gravity against the pressure below it, as the pressure becomes
equilibriated and until it reaches its raised seat D, when it closes the exit
orifice or passage E without any shock or tremor, and shuts off the
liquid, the operation being repeated every time the spindle and adjustable
piston or socket B are raised or drawn up. The rate at which the
moveable regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug C with its washer
valve is caused to descend, is regulated either by the height to which it
is raised, or by the distance allowed between the part of the adjustable
piston or socket B, which surrounds the moveable regulating piston,
plunger, valve, or plug C, and the moveable piston, plunger, valve or
plug itself, or in engineers' parlance by the amount of "fit" between.
them, and when it is desired to have a very slow closing action then the
height to which it is raised will be greater or the fit will be much closer
whilst where a quick action is desired a less height of lift or a looser fit
will cause the liquid to pass up the space in a much shorter time, and
so allow the moveable regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug C to
descend more quickly and close the exit, orifice, or passage E allowing
thereby a much less quantity of liquid to pass off and the time during
which the operation takes place to be correspondingly reduced. Where
preferred or required the time of closing may be regulated by a com-
bination of the two modes of adjustment just described.
Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2, are two vertical sections of two arrangements
of my improved valve apparatus as applied to pull up or draw up
waterclosets, adapted so that the pressure of the liquid from the main
or source of supply does not remain in the stuffing boxes or other
arrangements employed to keep those parts tight through which the
spindles, rods, or other moving parts pass, and so prevents the leakage
which might arise if not so arranged. This it will be seen is accom-
plished by placing the levers and stuffing boxes at the bottom instead
of the top, as shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 1, all the parts being
the same (except that Fig. 1 in Sheet 2 has a lever and weight) and the
mode of action is similar, the same letters of reference and description
for Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 1, apply to them also; Figs. 1 and 2,
Sheet 1 to Fig. 1 Sheet 2, and Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 1, to Fig. 2,
Chant

page_text: Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a vertical section, and Fig. 4 a plan of an arrange-
ment of my improved valve apparatus, as applied to a cock or tap
suitable for industrial laborers' or model cottages, a court yard, stable,
or other purpose. The description of this arrangement and its mode
of action are the same as those shewn in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 1, and
the letters of reference relate also to these Figures. It will be seen
that in this arrangement the moveable piston or socket B is actuated
by a handle without the screw arrangement, and that the raised valve
scat D, containing the orifice or passage E, is formed separate from
the shell or body of the cock A, A, and also that the descent of the
regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug C is aided by the weight of
the lever G.
Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 3, are two vertical sections taken at right angles
to each other of another arrangement of my improved valve apparatus
as applied to a self-closing seat action watercloset adapted as Figs. 1
and 2, Sheet 2, to prevent the pressure of the liquid from the main or
source of supply remaining on the stuffing boxes, or other arrangements
used to keep those parts tight, through which the spindles, rods, or
other moving parts pass, but provided with two pistons F and F, two
partitions or divisions D and D¹, or valve M in the partition D', and
another arrangement for regulating the passage of the liquid from
above the pistons to the space below them, or vice versa, as shewn in
the enlarged Drawing, Fig. 3, the letters of reference referring to similar
parts in Figs. 1 and 2. It will be seen by Fig. 3 that the valve screw
or plug I is so applied as to control an opening or passage R formed
in the case or body A, A, which admits of the liquid entering and leaving
the space above the partition D' and below the piston F, Figs. 1 and 2,
and on leaving it to pass to the space above the partition D, and to that
below the piston F. By this arrangement and the application of the
valve M in the partition or division D₁, the apparatus can be regulated
to draw off an exact quantity of liquid, and will not vary the amount,
except it be changed by another adjustment of the valve screw or
plug I.
Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 3, are two vertical sections at right angles to
each other of an arrangement of my improved valve apparatus on the
same principle as Figs. 1 and 2, but without the intermediate partitions
and valve M, by which arrangement it becomes applicable to draw off
smaller quantities of liquid than that for which it is adjusted without

page_text: rendering it necessary to alter the adjustment by means of screw valve
or plug I, or it may be arranged to enter as shewn by the dotted lines
in Fig. 1. If preferred the cylinder A, A, and the piston F¹ are screwed
to fit each other. The piston F rises by a screw action in order to
actuate the valve B. The piston F' may have a socket if preferred.
Fig. 1, Sheet 4, is another arrangement, shewn in vertical section,
of my improved valve apparatus with a fixed cylinder, the piston.
being moveable, as applied to a cock or tap, and Fig. 2 is another
arrangement, also shown in vertical section, of my improved valve
apparatus with a moveable cylinder having a screw thread cut on its
outside which works in a screw thread cut on the inside of the shell or
body of the cock or tap, as shown. A, A, Fig. 1, is the shell or body
of a cock or tap; B, B, the fixed cylinder, in which the piston and
spindle C, and moveable piston, plunger, valve, or plug D with the
washer valve shewn dotted, work when raised or moved by the arrange-
ment E. The entrance for the fluid is shewn at F, the outlet at G, and
H is the raised valve seat and passage or orifice for the fluid, which is
smaller in area than either F that provided for its inlet or G that
provided for its outlet.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-In the Drawing, Fig. 1,
the cock or tap is shewn at rest and the fluid shut off, on depressing
the piston and spindle C by turning the handle E, which causes the
screw on the spindle to give a downward motion, the fluid in the space
between the moveable piston C and the regulating piston, plunger, valve,
or plug D escapes past the moveable piston and issues at the opening
shewn at I, as the piston descends when the moveable piston has reached
the extent of its downward movement and nearly touches D; on reversing
the depressing movement the moveable piston and spindle C are raised,
taking with them the regulating piston plunger, valve, or plug D, and
the washer valve, shewn dotted, which ascend by the pressure of the
fluid below them, aided by the capillary action caused by the movement
of C, and the liquid being displaced from the space C and D, and the
liquid then flows out through the passage H and curved spout G; when
the moveable piston C has reached the extent of its upward movement
and comes to rest the regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug D,
with its washer valve, begins to descend at a rate proportioned to its
fit in the fixed cylinder B, B, and the time which is allowed for the
entrance of the liquid through the passage I past the moveable piston C

page_text: into the space below it, and continues gradually descending until it
reaches its raised seat H, when it shuts off the fluid without shock or
tremor on repeating the operations above described like results ensue.
If preferred a spiral spring may be employed to keep the moveable
piston C in the position shown, and on pushing down the spindle and
moveable piston C the spring will cause them to rise and take up the
regulating piston D, and its washer valve on the downward pressure
being removed, and so setting the apparatus to work.
Fig. 2, Sheet 4, is another arrangement shewn in vertical section of
my improved valve apparatus with a moveable cylinder as applied to a
cock or tap, the cock or tap being at rest, and the fluid shut off. A, A,
is the shell or body of the cock or tap; B, B, is the moveable screwed
cylinder containing the regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug; C, the
spindle and arrangement for opening or moving the same; D, the regu-
lating piston, plunger, valve, or plug with the washer valve shewn by
dotted lines; E, the raised seat of the same and exit or orifice for the
passage of the liquid; F, the orifice by which the liquid enters the cock or
tap; and G, the curved exit orifice or passage by which it leaves. the cock
or tap. The action of this arrangement is as follows:-On depressing the
moveable cylinder B, B, by turning the handle on C the liquid contained
in the space above D is caused to pass out through the small space
between the moveable cylinder B, B, and the regulating piston, plunger,
valve, or plug D, and when the moveable cylinder has arrived at the end
of its downward travel on reversing the motion it is caused to risc,
taking with it the regulating piston, plunger, or valve D, and the washer
valve, which rises from the combined action of the pressure of the liquid
on its bottom and the capillary action of the ascent of the moveable
cylinder B, B, and so opens the exit orifice or passage E, allowing the
liquid to escape through the curved spout or passage G, and when the
moveable cylinder has arrived at the extent of its upward travel the
regulating piston D (by means of the liquid pressing to become equi-
librated through its entrance into the space above D by means of the
small space between D and B, B,) begins slowly and gradually to
descend until it rests on its raised seat E and closes the exit orifice or
passage for the fluid without shock or tremor..
Fig. 6, Sheet 3, is a vertical section of an arrangement of my improved
valve apparatus as applied to valves for closing large pipes, channels, or
orifices. A, A, is the case or body containing the valve B,. which is

page_text: actuated by the moveable piston or ram C. The valve B is connected
with the screw E and arrangement E, by means of which it may be
raised or drawn into the box or chamber D. when required; G is the
entrance for the liquid; and E, its outlet. The ram or piston C is
actuated by means of the pipe or tube. I, through which the required
pressure is applied:
Fig. 7, Sheet 3, is another arrangement of my improved valve
apparatus applied to a similar purpose, the valve D being attached to
the piston or.ram Ç. The letters of reference refer to similar parts in
both Figures.
Fig. 3, Sheet 4, is an arrangement of the plan shewn in Fig. 1 but
actuated by a lever motion in place of the screw, as shewn in Fig. 1.
The arrangement, which is peculiarly suited for industrial laborers'
or model cottages, of Fig. 2, Sheet 4, for actuating the adjustable
regulating piston, plunger, valve, or plug D, is applicable to, the arrange-
ment shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 3, only it would be applied at the
bottom in place of the top.
Fig. 1, Sheet 5, is an enlarged view of an arrangement of my improved
valve apparatus as applied to a cistern or tank for flushing closets,
shewn in Fig. 2, the parts being the same as described in Fig. 3, Sheet 2.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-On moving the rod or
chain K downwards which is attached to the end of the lever G, which
works on the fulcrum L, the lever G is raised (as shewn), carrying with
it the moveable piston or socket B and adjustable regulating piston,
valve, or plug C, with its washer valve (shewn dotted) opening the
orifice. or passage E. and allowing the liquid to, pass from H to the
outlet I, which it continues to do whilst the lever is kept in the position
shewn until the moveable regulating piston, plunger, valve or plug C
has reached its raised seat D.; on leaving the rod or chain Ķ free the
weight M at the opposite end of the lever G returns the moveable piston
or socket B to the position required to render. it ready, for another similar
operation.
Where preferred the lever may be arranged as shewn by the dotted
lines, in which case a simple pull or jerk on the rod or chain K will
depress the moveable piston or socket B, and on letting go of the rod or
chain K the weight M returns the lever G to the position shewn, raising
the moveable piston or socket B and the adjustable regulating piston C,

page_text: and starts the flow of the liquid, which continues until C reaches its
raised seat D. A repetition of the operation will produce the like results..
Fig. 2, Sheet 5, shews the tank or cistern with the above described
apparatus fixed in its place.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 shew an arrangement of my improved valve apparatus
as applied to a seat action watercloset. Fig. 3 shewing it out of use;
Fig. 4, with the pressure on the seat and the apparatus ready to work
on the pressure being removed; and Fig. 5, the apparatus at work, the
pressure on the seat having been removed. G is the seat which sets
the apparatus at work and the letters of reference for Fig. 1 applying
to this arrangement also:
Figs. 6, 7, and 8, Sheet 3, shew arrangements of the same Invention
as applied to a urinal, a lavatory, and a pull-up water-closet; Fig. 6
being the urinal; Fig. 7, the lavatory; and Fig. 8, the pull-up water-
closet, each of them being put in operation by means of the foot plate
or handles G in each figure, the relcase of the pressure or pull on cachi
setting the weight free to descend and starting the flow of the liquid,
the same letters of reference for Fig. 1 apply to these also. The cock
or tap or other means employed to let in or shut off the supply of liquid
by means of which the arrangement shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, Sheet 1,
Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 2, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 4, and all the Figs. in
Sheet 5 is set in motion may be on the supply pipe in juxtaposition to
or in connection with the valve apparatus containing the moveable
spindle and piston or socket and the adjustable regulating valve, piston,
plunger, or plug, and distinct from the body or case, as the action of the
apparatus will be equally certain, and the entrance for the liquid may
also be in any convenient part of the apparatus. When it is placed
below. the adjustable regulating piston, valve, plunger, or plug the
action of the entering liquid raises it and retards its fall:
The valve apparatus may be formed of any suitable material or
materials; or à combination of the same and stuffing boxes and glands
or flexible diaphragms, or other convenient means are employed in those
parts where it is required to have a tight joint or joints. For con-
venience in manufacture; inspection; and repair the parts forming the
apparatus are arranged so as to be easily put together and taken to
pieces; which is a more convenient arrangement than where they are not
so made:

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention of Im-
provements in valve apparatus for regulating the discharge of liquids
and the manner of performing the same I desire to remark that I do
not claim as my Invention the arranging of cocks, valves, and apparatus
to prevent waste, as this has been done before, nor do I bind or confine
myself to the precise arrangements or details shewn in the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings, as the same admit of being modified
without departing from the nature of my said Invention, but what
I do claim as being new, and as my Invention, and desire to have
protected by Letters Patent are,-
First. The valve apparatus for regulating the discharge of liquids,
with valves having spindles, plungers, or pistons attached to or in
connection or in contact with them, and the arrangements for actuating
such valves in the manner described and shewn, and the closing of
such valves being regulated and effected gradually without shock or
tremor.
Second. The methods described and shewn for preventing the sudden
closing of valves, thus regulating the delivery of liquids during a given
time at a given rate through the apparatus and preventing any waste
of the same.
Third. The use of an actuating piston having a cup-shaped top
forming a socket, which cup or socket will contain the liquid, but not
a valve, and will act in all respects with the aid of the liquid contained
therein as the arrangement shewn in Figs. 4 and 5 Sheet 3, and in
Figs. 1 and 3, Sheet 4, and the use of the actuating screwed cylinder
shewn in Fig. 2, Sheet 4, and the use of the screw piston described as
applicable to Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 3.
Fourth. The fixed socket or cylinder containing the moveable
actuating piston, which piston is not a socket, and the adjustable re-
gulating piston valve, plunger, or plug, and the arrangement of the
same, as shewn and described in Figs. 1 and 3, Sheet 4.
Fifth. The arrangement of valve apparatus by means of which the
pressure of the liquid from the source of supply is prevented from
acting on the stuffing boxes or arrangement employed to prevent
leakage when the rods, spindles or moving parts pass through the case
or body of the apparatus, as shewn and described.

page_text: Sixth. The particular arrangements shewn and described for making
what may be termed a water bed around and below my valves, by
which means only gradual pressure can be applied either to open or
shut my valves, and shocks and jars are avoided.
Lastly. The combination of all or any of the above arrangements
with the parts and for the purposes described and shewn, substantially
as herein described and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Tylor, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one.
ALFRED TYLOR. (L.S.)