An Improved Liquid Atomizer for Ventilating, Humidifying, and Cooling Purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 29th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Liquid Atomizer for Ventilating, Humidifying, and
Cooling Purposes.
A communication from FRÉDÉRIC ERNST, of 33, Via San Quintino, Turin, in the
Kingdom of Italy, Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved liquid atomizer adapted to be used for
purposes of ventilation and for humidifying and cooling air and intended to be
described by the appellation of "Italia."
This liquid atomizer consists of an upper compartment or chamber and a lower
compartiment within the latter being screwed a disc or diaphragm provided with
perforations or channels parallel with or inclined at a certain angle to the vertical
axis of the apparatus. The liquid under pressure as it enters the upper chamber is
conveyed by the said channels into the lower chamber. According to the greater
or less angle of incline of the said channels the liquid on entering the chamber
lower, will acquire therein a more or less rapid rotary motion and thereby become
divided into spray in which condition it will issue forth through the discharge
orifice.
The following are the advantages of an atomizer of this construction;-
(1). The liquid is thoroughly atomized through a comparatively wide aperture
so that the liquid spray has to overcome but a minimum of resistance and therefore
only necessitates the employment of a minimuun of motive power.
(2). Owing to its large diameter the aperture is not liable to obstruction or
clogging by dust or dirt.
(3). The fineness of the spray is variable by the simple adjustment of the angle
of inclination of the channels or ports to the axis of the apparatus.
(4). As no part of the apparatus is movable it is not to be feared that it should
get out of order while in usc.
If this atomizer be located within a pipe the liquid spray issuing through the
discharge orifice will by its impulse create a current of air in the said pipe which
according to its particular arrangement may thus be utilized for ventilating purposes
or for cooling or humidifying air.
This apparatus may be used for ventilating two or more spaces or rooms either by
forcing into them a supply of air suitably cooled and moistened or by the removal
therefrom of vitiated air.
In the former case fresh air is sucked in by the atomizer and enters the chambers
by suitable pipe arrangements. In the latter case the apparatus will be caused to
remove the vitiated air by suction through the pipes and to discharge it through
the pipe which previously acted as suction. The liquid which may not have been
carried away by the current of air is in both cases evacuated through an escape
pipe.
It will be understood that the number of chambers or compartments to be thus
ventilated may be varied at will and that the arrangement of the piping is modifiable
accordingly. The ventilating power may be increased by means of a series of
identical atomizers arranged in succession within the said pipe or conduit their
aggregate action resulting in an acceleration of the current of air.
This atomizer may at the same time serve for humidifying the air contained in a
chamber or apartment and for letting into the same apartinent a current of fresh air
suitably humidified and cooled.
The liquid under pressure is conveyed to the atomizer which creates a current of

page_text: When one
air within a pipe in which it is located. The necessary in-draught of air may be
obtained by means of an annular rotary damper or by an ordinary damper or
throttle valve one damper being kept open while the other is closed.
situated in the chamber is open the air contained in the apartment is caused to pass
into the pipe and be humidified. When on the contrary the other damper is opened
and the first closed the apparatus sucks in fresh air from outside. The air thus
drawn in becomes saturated with the liquid spray and escapes through one of the
branches into the room. These branches of which there may be any suitable
number are so constructed as to retain all the drops of liquid which are not
sufficiently fine to remain in suspension. These drops which collect in the lower
part of the pipe are then discharged through an outlet. By this arrangement
liquid undivided into spray is prevented from being spread in the apartment.
In a modification slightly differing from the arrangement last described the two
dampers are replaced by one damper only which admits either the external air or
ensures the escape of the air contained within the apartment.
A
A number of atomizers may be arranged in succession within the same conduit or
coil (the shape of the conduit being immaterial as it may be straight or otherwise
without its affecting the operation of the atomizers). A reservoir contains a cooling
mixture into which is immersed another reservoir filled with water or any other
liquid for cases in which it is desired to reduce the temperature below zero, the
liquid must not be capable of freezing such for example as a saline solution.
pump draws the liquid thus cooled from the reservoir and forces it into different
atomizers which themselves draw in air and deliver it where required, whence it
issues in a considerably cooled condition. This cooling will be the more intense
and the "speed" of the air (that is to say the cubic unit of air cooled in a given
space of time) will be the greater as the number of atomizers and the power of the
damper increase and according as the temperature of the liquid is lower. All the
liquid that is not divided into a fine spray will through a collecting pipe return into
the reservoir whence it may be again drawn by the pump as required.
Dated this 15th day of August 1890.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Liquid Atomizer for Ventilating, Humidifying, and
Cooling Purposes.
A communication from FRÉDÉRIC ERNST, of 33, Via San Quintino, Turin, in the
Kingdom of Italy, Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement. :-
This invention relates to an improved liquid atomizer adapted to be used for
purposes of ventilation and for humidifying and cooling air and intended to be
described by the appellation of "Italia."
Referring to Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings it will be seen that this liquid
atomizer consists of an upper compartment or chamber P and a lower compartment Q.
Within the latter is screwed a disc or diaphragm B provided with perforations or
channels inclined at a suitable angle to the vertical axis of the apparatus. The
liquid under pressure as it enters through A into the upper chamber P is conveyed
by the said channels into the lower chamber Q. According to the greater or less
angle of incline of the said channels O the liquid on entering the chamber Q will
acquire therein a more or less rapid rotary motion and thereby become divided into
spray in which condition it will issue forth through the discharge orifice R.

page_text: The following are the advantages of an atomizer of this construction -
(1). The liquid is thorougly atomized through a comparatively wide aperture
such as R so that the liquid spray has to overcome but a minimum of resistance
and therefore only necessitates the employment of a minimum of motive power.
(2). Owing to its large diameter the aperture R is not liable to obstruction
or clogging by dust or dirt.
(3). The fineness of the spray is variable by the simple adjustment of the
angle of inclination of the channels or ports O to the axis of the apparatus.
(4). As there are no working or moving parts of the apparatus it is not to
be feared that it should get out of order while in use.
If this atomizer be located within a pipe the liquid spray issuing through the
discharge orifice R will by its impulse create a current of air in the said pipe
which according to its particular arrangement may thus be utilized for ventilating
purposes or for cooling or humidifying air.
In Fig. 2 an arrangement is shown in which atomizers of the before described
construction are used for ventilating two spaces or rooms P1 and P either by
forcing into them a supply of air suitably cooled and moistened or by the
removal therefrom of vitiated air.
When air is to be forced into the chambers P P the cock R is opened
and the cock R' closed. The liquid under pressure, preferably water, then
issuing from the atomizer D1 will draw in air at S and force it into P and Pu
at B and B respectively.
By closing the cock R" and opening the other cock R' the apparatus D' will
be caused to remove the vitiated air by suction through the pipes B and B
and to discharge it through S. The water which may not have been carried
away by the current of air is in both cases evacuated through the escape
pipe C.
It will be understood that the number of chambers or apartments to be thus
ventilated may be varied at will and that the arrangement of the piping is
modifiable accordingly. The ventilating power may be increased by means of a
series of identical atomizers arranged in succession within the said pipe or
conduit their aggregate action resulting in an acceleration of the current
of air.
Fig. 3 shows an arrangement in which the atomizer at the same time serves
for humidifying the air contained in a chamber or apartinent and for letting
into the same apartment a current of fresh air suitably humidified and cooled.
The water under pressure is conveyed through the pipe F to the atomizer Z
which creates a current of air within the pipe T in which it is located.
The
necessary in-draught of air may be obtained by means of an annular rotary
damper D or by an ordinary damper or throttle valve K one damper being
kept open while the other is closed. When D is open the air contained in the
apartment is caused to pass into the pipe T and be humidified. When on the
contrary the other damper K is opened and D is closed the apparatus sucks in
fresh air from outside. The air thus drawn in either through D or through K
becomes saturated with the water spray and escapes through one of the branches S
into the room.
These branches S of which there may be any suitable number
are so constructed as to retain all the drops of water which are not sufficiently
fine to remain in suspension. These drops which collect in the lower part of
the pipe T are then discharged through the outlet C. By this arrangement
water undivided into spray is prevented from being spread in the apartinent.
Fig. 3 represents a modification slightly differing from the arrangement
shown in Fig. 3, the two dampers being here replaced by one damper only
which when it is in the position shown at K admits the external air while in
the position K' it ensures the escape of the air contained within the apartment.
Fig. 4 shows an arrangement in which a number of atomizers D D D³ etc.
are arranged in succession within the same conduit or coil (the shape of the
conduit being immaterial as it may be straight or otherwise without its affecting

page_text: the operation of the atomizers). The reservoir S contains a cooling mixture
into which is immersed a water reservoir M (though instead of water any other
liquid not capable of freezing may be employed such for instance as a saline
solution) this arrangement being provided for cases in which it is desired to
reduce the temperature below zero. A pump P draws the liquid thus cooled
from the reservoir M and forces it into different atomizers which themselves
draw in air at B and force it out at B, whence it issues in a considerably
cooled condition. This cooling will be the more intense and the "speed" of the
air (that is to say the cubic unit of air) cooled in a given space of time will
be the greater as the number of the atomizers and the power of the damper
increase and according as the temperature of the liquid is lower. All the
liquid that is not divided into a fine spray will through the collecting pipe C
be returned to the reservoir M whence it may be again drawn by the pump P
as required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The atomizer substantially as described in which water under pressure
passes through perforations or channels in or around a disc and inclined at a
suitable angle to the axis of the apparatus substantially as described and illus-
trated in the accompanying drawings.
2. An atomizer having two chambers such as P and Q and a diaphragm
partition or disc such as B provided with perforations or channels such as O
inclined to the axis of the apparatus substantially as described and illustrated
in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The employment of such atomizers either singly or in series for spraying
purposes generally and notably for ventilation and for moistening and cooling
air through the medium of pipe connections substantially as described and
indicated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 27th day of April 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.