matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING GRANITE, MARBLE, STONE, AND SLATE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hamilton Oliver at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1871.
I, HAMILTON OLIVER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING GRANITE, MARBLE, STONE, AND SLATE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is applicable in polishing cylindrical, plane, and
moulded pieces of granite, marble, and other stones. In polishing
cylindrical pieces the block is supported in the centres of a fast and
loose headstock of a tool resembling an ordinary turning lathe, and it
is turned slowly round by steam or other power. The polishing is
effected by one or more revolving disks, and I prefer to use the disks
patented by Coles, Jacques, and Fanshaw, on the 2nd day of August
1862, No. 2193, but any other suitable polishing agent may be used.
The polishing disks are mounted on shafts revolving in bearings fixed
to a slide which is traversed along the bed of the machine, and the
polishing disks are turned round rapidly by a drum connected by a key
and groove to a countershaft, the boss of the drum revolving in a

page_text: standard fixed to the slide, by this means the drum is traversed with the
slide.
For some purposes I mount one of the disks on a radial arm by which
it is pressed against the article to be polished by a weight or spring,
and in some cases more than one disk may be applied in a similar
manner.
In polishing plane surfaces the disks are traversed to and fro in both
directions, and in polishing mouldings I make the circumference of the
disks to correspond with the moulding required. In some cases the
article to be polished may be moved to and fro, or one motion may be
given to the polishing disks and the other to the article to be polished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cunliffe Lister at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th July 1871.
I, SAMUEL CUnliffe Lister, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
According to this Invention I employ compressed air for actuating
the shuttles of looms for weaving narrow fabrics. For this purpose
where a number of narrow fabrics are woven simultaneously in one
loom and where the batten or sley carries a number of shuttles, one
for each fabric, I form upon the batten or sley on either side of each
of the fabrics a chamber for receiving the shuttle employed for weaving
that fabric, and I make provision for introducing a jet of compressed
air into the rear end of these chambers whenever a shuttle is to be thrown
from them through the shed in the warps and into the corresponding
chamber on the opposite side of the fabric. When circular change
shuttle boxes are employed I form in the circular frame or plate which
is to contain the shuttles a number of chambers, one for each shuttle,
and at the rear end of these chambers I form an aperture which when

page_text: the open end of the chamber is brought opposite to the shuttle race
comes in front of a nipple or orifice through which when the shuttle
is to be thrown a jet of compressed air is caused to issue into the
chamber. Change shuttle boxes which have a rectilinear to-and-fro
motion given to them may similarly be arranged so that the shuttles
shall be thrown from them by jets of compressed air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENDULUM OR BALANCE WEIGHT LEVELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Mr. Adrien
Charles Louis Delsarte, of Paris, France, Watchmaker.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENDULUM OR BALANCE WEIGHT LEVELS," a
communication to him from abroad by Mr. Adrien Charles Louis
Delsarte, of Paris, France, Watchmaker, to be as follows:-
In the hitherto known pendulum or balance weight levels the hand
or pointer for indicating on the graduating limb the variations in level
formed part of the balance weight rod, in consequence of which when
a short rod is made use of the indications present but little accuracy,
whereas by increasing the length of the rod the instrument becomes
rather unhandy.
.
The object of the present improvements is to do away with these
faults, and they consist, lly, in causing the hand or hands to form a
part separate from the balance weight rod but connected to this latter

page_text: in such manner so as to make the motions of the hand or hands entirely
dependant to those of the said rod, and at the same time increase the
extent of the indications of the said hand or hands on the graduated
limb or limbs; and 2ly, in providing the axis or pivot of the balance
weight rod with a spiral or hair spring, as made use of in watches, and
for the purpose of suitably counteracting the motions of the balance
so as to set this latter at rest after a comparatively small number
of oscillations.
The Figures of the annexed Drawing show elevation views of a
balance weight level constructed according to these improvements.
'
Fig. 1 shows a back elevation view of the level fixed by screws v or
other suitable means in a frame i of an accurate rectangular shape.
The Figs. 2 & 3 respectively show a side and a front elevation view of
the level detached from its frame i. In these three Figs. the same
letters of reference show corresponding parts.
a is a dial plate provided with a graduated limb for a hand or pointer
h to work on; b is a balance weight, the rod of which turns by means
of a pivot in the bridge e; to the arm c of this rod is fixed a string m,
the other end of which is connected to a pulley 1, on which the string
may be partly wound up, and to the axis of which pulley is fixed one
end of a balance or hair spring f, the other end is fixed to the plate a;
the hand h is also fixed on the axis of the pulley . It will be readily
understood that various modifications of the above-described arrange-
ment may be made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Erskine and James
Harrop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th April 1871.
We, FRANCIS ERSKINE and JAMES HARROP, both of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
CUTTING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
-:
Our Invention consists in the arrangement and combination of parts
of chaff cutting machines, namely, the knife or knives are secured to
projections from the periphery of a drum or cylinder, the edge of each
knife forming a screw incline in relation to the axis of the drum, which
rotates at a right angle to the feeding trough and parallel to the axis of
the feed rollers. The upper feed roller can rise or fall as it rotates, and
is geared to the lower roller by two carrier spur wheels having their
axes upon links jointed together and with the axes of both feed rollers.
The feed may be intermittent, but we prefer it uniform and continuous,
the lower feed roller being geared with the cutting drum axis by spur

page_text: wheels, and a clutch box is used for throwing the feed out of gear
when required.
The knives may be arranged to cut against a fixed edge, but we prefer
to employ a small round bar held in a groove in the mouth-piece of the
feeding trough, but free to be rotated by the rubbing action of the t
knivos against it.
11
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHECKING SHUTTLE IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kenyon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1871.
I, JAMES KENYON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHECKING SHUTTLE IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved method or arrangement of
checking the picker or shuttle in power looms, so as to regulate the
distance the check end shall fall or return when the check strap is
struck at the other end. This I accomplish by the following means: —
I fix the end of the check to the back board or through a slot in it,
or by a stud or stopper which I can fix to the back board; this is to
regulate the distance the check shall fall or return. The check may
be worked on the fly spindle, or under it, at the shoulder, or above it,
as may be found most convenient. It can be worked on the spindle
in the ordinary manner by either puting a pin or stopper in or on
the shuttle guard or back board (or by taking part of the shuttle

page_text: of the check. I may
guard away which is preferable) so as to regulate the fall or return
also work it by fixing the check end to or through
the back board and by taking part of the shuttle guard away, so that
the check end can check at the shoulder or body of the picker and the
upper part may work on the spindle. By thus checking at the shoulder
or body of the picker a very large saving of pickers will be effected,
also the shuttle being sent more uniformly through the shed much
less yarn will be broken, and as the shuttle will be checked at the same
distance or nearly from the end of the shuttle box the necking or
slipping off of cops will almost be prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ASPHALTE Pavine
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1871.
I, GEORGE SPENCER, Civil Engineer, of 77, Cannon Street, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ASPHALTE Pavine," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in means of preventing the slippery character
of the surface of roads and pavements made of asphalte.
I mix emery either in coarse powder or in small pieces with the
asphalte, or I spread emery in the state of coarse powder or small pieces
on the surface of the asphalte paving when laid down. The proportion
of emery is not material, but I prefer about 40 per cent. by weight,
which may be varied to suit different roads according to traffic.
The proportion I nafar is as under*.

page_text: The road or path is to be first levelled and then covered with cement
composed of Roman cement one part, river sand three parts, small
pebbles or gravel six parts, and water added to bind and slake the
cement; it is then compressed and levelled. When dry a layer of the
asphalte mixture is laid on about one inch or more in thickness.
The plan now described is similar to that described in Frederic
Barnett's Patent, No. 3111, dated October 10th, A.D. 1868, but instead
of the oxide of iron I use emery on account of its very superior hard-
ness and grittiness, by which means I make a very durable and safe
road.
What I claim as new and useful is, the combination of emery, as
described, with pavings in which asphalte forms a principal part.
The pavement may be laid down continuously, as at present, with a
suitable substratum of concrete, or it may be made in blocks laid down
side by side as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING BYE-PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE MANUFACTURES OF ALKALI AND CHLORINE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1871.
I, THOMAS ROWAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING BYE-PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE MANUFACTURES
OF ALKALI AND CHLORINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the utilization of certain bye-
products formerly considered valueless, and one of which is known as
"alkali waste," being obtained in the manufacture of alkali, whilst
the other is manganese chloride obtained in the manufacture of chlorine.
In practising the Invention hydrochloric acid is added to the alkali
waste and causes the separation of sulphuretted hydrogen,, leaving
calcium chloride, or the sulphuretted hydrogen may be separated by
treating the alkali waste with steam, either saturated or superheated,
leaving lime. The sulphuretted hydrogen obtained in either way is
passed through the manganese chloride which has been rendered
alkaline by adding lime and calcium chloride,, or by adding an alkali,
and manganese sulphide is precipitated in consequence. The man-

page_text: ganese sulphide is roasted to drive off sulphurous acid which may be
converted into a very pure sulphuric acid in the ordinary way, and
manganese oxide remains suitable for re-use in the manufacture of
chlorine, or by using different degrees of heat in the roasting process
manganese with different degrees of oxidation may be obtained if
required.
Or the sulphuretted hydrogen obtained, as herein-before described
may be passed through the solutions of copper obtained in the wet
process of obtaining copper from its ores instead of the copper being
precipitated by iron as ordinarily practised, whereon the copper, arsenic,
and other metals in solution will be precipitated as sulphides, such
sulphides are afterwards roasted when copper oxide will be left, arsenic
and other volatile metals passing off with the sulphurous acid. When
the copper solution has been obtained by dissolving the mixture obtained
by roasting copper ore and common salt sulphate of soda will be left
after the metals are precipitated and may be crystallised out.
In a similar way the sulphuretted hydrogen obtained as herein-before
described may be used for precipitating other metals as sulphides from
solutions which may be alkaline or acid, according to circumstances,
and in order to utilize the sulphur by roasting and converting into
sulphuric acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th July 1871.
I, FREDERICK JOHN EVANS, of Clayponds, Brentford, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF ILLUMINATING GAS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to eliminate from illuminating gas the
sulphur which it contains as an impurity, and which is volatilized with
the hydrogen when the coal is subjected to the process of distillation.
To this end I admit into any convenient part of the pipe which conducts
the gas from the retort a jet of superheated steam, which by combining
with or rather decomposing the sulphur converts it into a product which
can be easily eliminated from the gas by the well-known means, or by
the ordinary purifiers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BELTS USED FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION TO MACHINERY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Brodie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
September 1871.
I, ANDREW BRODIE, of Beith, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BELTS USED FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION TO MACHINERY,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates essentially to the use of thin flexible metallic
belts, bands or hoops, or strands of wire in combination with leather,
hide, cloth, or other fabric, india-rubber, gutta percha, or other similar
material, or two or more of these substances in constructing belts for
driving or communicating motion to machinery.
The leather, hide, cloth, india-rubber, or other material is under this
Invention used for adhesion to the pulleys only, and as it does not resist
tension a smaller proportion of such material is necessary than under the
existing modes of constructing belts. The metal may either be in one.
length or in several lengths, and rivetted at the ends to form a con-
tinuous belt, and the metallic portion which resists the tension may

page_text: either be the whole width of the desired belt or may be in two or more
separate longitudinal strips running parallel, and to which the leather,
hide, india-rubber, or other material is united.
The belts formed under one modification consist of an outside layer of
metal with an inside layer or lining of leather, hide, india-rubber, cloth,
or other material, the two layers being rivetted together by rivets passing
through both and "clenched" after the usual manner of rivetting; or
under another modification an inside layer of leather, hide, india-rubber,
or cloth may be overlapped with longitudinal parallel strips of metal
rivetted on to the leather, hide, india-rubber, cloth, or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hargreaves and Thomas
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th September 1871.
We, JAMES HARGREAVES, of Appleton-within-Widnes, in the County
of Lancaster, Chemist, and THOMAS ROBINSON, of Widnes, in the same
County, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for “ IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE,” to be as follows :—
First. When sulphates of soda and potassa are manufactured by the
direct-action method, that is to say, by passing sulphurous or sulphuric
acid together with oxygen & water vapour through or amongst
heated chloride of sodium or chloride of potassium, hydrochloric acid
& other gases and some chlorine are given off as byc products. Now
our Invention consists under this part of our Invention in passing the
said gases through or amongst a further mass of chloride of sodium or
chloride of potassium, preferably contained in a series of connected
vessels or chambers, until the whole or a considerable proportion of
chlorine is set free.

page_text: Second. We obtain chlorine by passing sulphurous or sulphuric acid
together with oxygen through chloride of sodium or chloride of
potassium, preferably contained in a series of connected chambers or
vessels, the mass exposing a sufficient surface to absorb all or nearly all
the sulphurous or sulphuric acid and set chlorine free.
AN IMPROVED CLOTH OR MATERIAL TO BE EMPLOYED AS FLOOR- CLOTH AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES OR USES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1871.
I, JOSEPH WALKER, of Clayton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CLOTH OR MATERIAL TO BE EMPLOYED AS FLOOR-
CLOTH AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES OR USES," to be as follows:
In the manufacture of cloth or material to be used as floorcloth, cloth
for the reception of card teeth, and for other like useful purposes, I
proceed as follows:-Of india-rubber, one part; of naptha, two parts;
of powdered leather, three parts. These admixed form a dough, which I
spread by means of rollers over the surface of cotton or linen cloth,
forming a felt thereon which may be faced or covered by cotton or linen
cloth if desired; or cotton or linen cloth may be enclosed or coated on
each surface by the dough, outer facings or cloths being employed during
the operation of rolling the dough thereon, these being removed soon as
the dough "sets" or becomes hard.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS AND THERMOMETERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Stephens Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1871.
I, DAVID STEPHENS BROWN, of Braywick House, Green Lanes,
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS AND THERMOMETERS," to be as
follows:-
Making the substance of the tube of the barometer so thick in pro-
portion to the size of the bore (excepting whero it is immersed in the
mercury) as to enable the wooden frame to be dispensed with. Fixing
the scale round the back part of the tube, and distinguishing the spaces
between the barometrical inches by different colors or by coloring the
tube differently for that purpose.
These improvements also apply to thermometers in so far as regards
a scale or tube made in different colors, or a tube enamelled in some
parts and not in others, by which particular points of temperature may
be more readily distinguished.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC VALVE FOR ARRESTING THE DISCHARGE OF LIQUID FROM A RESERVOIR WHILE THE LEVEL OF THE LIQUID IS YET ABOVE THE OUTLET
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Francis Hubert
Foveaux at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th February 1871.
I, HENRY JOSEPH FRANCIS HUBERT FOVEAUX, of No. 62, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC
VALVE FOR ARRESTING THE DISCHARGE OF LIQUID FROM A RESERVOIR WHILE THE
LEVEL OF THE LIQUID IS YET ABOVE THE OUTLET," to be as follows:-
In administering liquid medicinal injections by means of the instru-
ments now used for that purpose, the operator, who is sometimes also
the patient, cannot always keep the reservoir of liquid under inspection,
and often continues to pump after the liquid has been exhausted thereby
injecting air to some and occasionally to an injurious extent. I
propose to obviate this defect by furnishing the reservoirs of such
instruments with a self-acting valve which will shut off all communi-
cation with the injection tube before any air can possibly enter it. I also
propose to apply my valve to any reservoirs of liquid under the same
conditions.

page_text: My improved automatic valve consists of a float of any suitable
material having at its under surface a plug in the shape of a reversed
cone or of other suitable form and traversed by one, two, or more
vertical tubes or rods serving to guide it in its rise and fall. Also of
a valve seat or socket for the plug of this float, which socket may be
carried on one of the vertical guide tubes which will also serve as
outlet or injection tube. Or it may be fixed to the bottom of the
reservoir, but must in every case be above its level.
On air being
pumped into the reservoir, the liquid can only escape through the valve
seat or socket, and before the level of the liquid can have lowered to
the top of this socket the plug of the float will have entered it and
closed the outlet. Thus the reservoir cannot be converted into an air
pump. The float may carry several plugs to enter an equal number
of sockets, fixed in position to receive them, or a single socket may be
provided with several outlet or injection tubes to be closed by a single
plug. The reservoir may be of any shape, and of glass, metal, or
other material, and the float be of any section which may be found
convenient.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this my Pro-
visional Specification, I have illustrated the application of my improved
automatic valve to a clyster pump, A indicating a transparent reservoir;
B, the bellows by means of which air is forced through the hole Ơ into
the reservoir; D, the float, to the under side of which is attached the
plug E for closing the socket or valve seat F; F, the socket or valve
seat, communicating with the opening in pipe G, through which the
liquid is discharged.
The dotted lines show the valve closing the outlet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING RIFLES, PISTOLS, AND FOWLING PIECES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1871.
I, EDWIN JOHNSON, of Lee Villas, Addiscombe, in the County of
Surrey, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING RIFLES, PISTOLS, AND FOWLING PIECES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in breech-loading rifles, pistols, and
fowling pieces consists of constructing such fire-arms with three revolving
chambers which are caused to revolve by the action of the trigger, and
which chambers are loaded with twelve or more cartridges placed in
the cases and fitting in the stock of the fire-arm, the pulling of the
trigger, firing, loading, and extracting the empty cartridge and ejecting
it from the chamber.
The fire-arm constructed on this principle is self-cocking, loading, and
IMPROVEMENTS IN TENSION PULLEYS FOR ROLLER BLINDS AND VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Finlayson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1871.
I, CHARLES FINLAYSON, of the Town and County of Kirkcudbright,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TENSION PULLEYS FOR ROLLER BLINDS AND VENETIAN BLINDS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction or
arrangement of the pulleys over which the lower extremity of the cord
or belt passes by which the blind roller is rotated, or the venetian blind
is operated for the purpose of raising and lowering the said blinds,
consists in attaching the pulley itself to an elastic medium such as an
india-rubber, steel, or other spring, which, when the cord or belt is in
position around the pulley, imparts at all times a constant and sufficient
degree of tension on the cord to ensure the proper operation of the
system. The pulley itself is attached to a metallic or other guide or
bracket, which passes into a casing in which the spring coupled both to
the casing and to the pulley, guide, or bracket is also contained.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE REFUSE LIME RESULTING FROM THE PURIFICATION OF COAL Gas
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Young Darracott Scott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th October 1871.
I, HENRY YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex, Major-General, C.B., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE REFUSE LIME
RESULTING FROM THE PURIFICATION OF COAL Gas," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable the purification of coal gas to
be effected more economically than at present. When lime is used in
the purification of gas it becomes impregnated to a large extent with
sulphur compounds which render it unfit for further use, and although
it may sometimes be reburned and again used for the purification of a
second quantity of gas, the resulting product is then so far deteriorated
by the presence of the sulphur and carbon compounds as to be con-
sidered a refuse material.
In carrying out my Invention I take gas lime and calcine it in the
presence of air so as to expel the carbonic acid, and oxidize the sulphur

page_text: compounds. The resulting material will consist chiefly of quicklime
and sulphate of lime, and I effect their separation by taking advantage
of the different specific gravities of these substances. This object may
te accomplished either by a wet or dry process.
In the former case I first slake the quicklime in the mixture by the
addition of water (by preference warm), and then add a further quantity
of water to admit of the different specific gravities of the lime, and
sulphate of lime coming into play. The comparatively light hydrate of
lime will under gentle agitation remain in suspension, while the heavier
sulphate of lime will sink to the bottom of any vessel in which the
operation is carried out. The supernatant milk of lime may thereupon
be run off from the sulphate. This milk of lime may now be allowed to
subside and the clear supernatant liquid run off. The thick milk of lime
thus obtained may then be used for wet purifiers, or it may be
evaporated to dryness and heated to redness to expel the water, when
the resultant quicklime will be admirably suited for use in a dry
purifier.
The separation of the sulphate from the hydrate of lime by the dry
method is effected by first slaking the calcined compound dry, and
when in a pulverulent state exposing it to a current of air which will
carry off the lighter particles beyond the sulphate, which owing to its
greater specific gravity will soon fall and be deposited in a heap.
The residual sulphate of lime obtained in either of these ways may be
made available as a manure or cement in lieu of prepared gypsum, and
the hydrate of lime thus freed from the sulphate may be used again as a
gas purifier as above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING STOVES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hazard Huntly at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th June 1871.
I, SAMUEL HAZARD HUNTLY, of No. 50, Upper Baker Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING STOVES," to be as follows:
My Invention has reference to an improved construction of the
furnaces or fire-places of cooking stoves, more particularly applicable
to hot plates, whereby a more perfect combustion of the fuel and pre-
vention of smoke is attained. For this purpose I construct the fire-
place as a vertical or inclined chamber into which the fuel is introduced
through a closed aperture at the top, while at the lower part of the
chamber are fixed vertical or slightly inclined grate bars through which
the air.requisite for combustion enters, and opposite such grate-bars in
the back of the chamber is formed the opening leading into flues passing
under the hot plate and around ovens or other part of the cooking
stove, and thence to the chimney. By this arrangement only the lower
portion of the column of fuel in the chamber is maintained in a state
of combustion by the current of air passing transversely across the

page_text: chamber from the grate-bars to the flue, the upper portion of the
column of fuel descending by gravity (or being made to descend) as
the lower part burns away. The space in front of the grate-bars may
either be open and used for roasting before the open part of the fire,
or it may be closed in at the sides and top and used as a hot plate.
One or more sides of the fuel chamber may be formed of fire-brick or
other material, or with water spaces acting as a boiler, or I cause air
to pass in through perforations at the top into such hollow side or sides,
and to pass out through apertures or slits at the bottom so as to impinge
upon the burning fuel and thus assist the combustion thereof, while at
the same time the currents of air passing through the hollow sides will
tend to keep the same cool and prevent their burning away.
In some cases I also employ such fuel chamber with hollow sides for
the passage of air as last described in combination with bottom grate-
bars instead of the before described side grate-bars.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS OF EXTRACTING GREASE FROM 'SCRAP' OR WASTE LEATHER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Augustus Smart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1871..
I, JASPER AUGUSTUS SMART, of Kendal, in the County of West-
morland, Shoemaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS OF EXTRACTING GREASE FROM
'SCRAP' OR WASTE LEATHER," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object the extracting grease or oil from
scrap or waste leather. The apparatus and means employed for
carrying the Invention into operation consist of a steam chest or box,
near the bottom of which is a perforated division or partition plate
extending horizontally across the box. Immediately over or above this
plate are other perforated partition plates or screens of wire. The chest or
box is thus divided:-The upper compartment serving for the reception
of the leather, the lower compartment for the temporary deposit of the
grease or oil. The operation of extracting the same is as follows:-The
upper compartment being filled with scrap or waste leather, the chest
or box is then closed by means of a steam-tight lid or cover, steam is

page_text: discharged from a pipe into this compartment and to the leather, the
grease being thereby extracted or forced from the leather, and passes
along with the water of condensation through the perforated screens
and plate to the lower compartment of the chest or box; from thence
by means of a pipe placed at the bottom thereof to a receiving vessel,
the latter pipe extending to near the bottom of the “receiver," so
that the grease or oil passes through the hot condensed water on its
way to the surfaco, sulphuric acid being placed within the "receiver"
for the purpose of purifying & improving the color of the grease
or oil.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
August 1871.
I, JOHN DARLING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in lamps, has for its
object to effect the drawing out of the wick to a sufficient length when
it has burned short.
The object is effected by placing outside the wick tube or holder a
sheath carrying one or more springs whose upper end is bent over at
right angles or nearly so to the lower part, the part or parts so bent over
entering one or more openings in the sheath and wick tube or holder, so
that by pressing the spring or springs inwards by the finger and thumb the
bent part or parts thereof seize the wick, and as the sheath is pulled
upwards over the wick tube or holder the wick is likewise pulled out
to any required distance, and the sheath with the spring or springs is
returned to its place by the tension of another spring which pulls it
backwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING TOWNS AND VILLAGES WITH WATER ADAPTED FOR DRINKING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Smee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1871.
I, ALFRED SMEE, of No. 7, Finsbury Circus, in the City of London,
Fellow of the Royal Society, and Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
of England, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING TOWNS AND VILLAGES WITH WATER ADAPTED FOR
DRINKING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in supplying towns
and villages with water adapted for drinking purposes, and consists in
the distribution to villages and towns by means of iron pipes (closed
except by taps or valves) of water charged with carbonic acid under
pressure. Any suitable apparatus for charging the water with carbonic
acid may be employed, but I prefer to force carbonic acid into the
supply pipes through which the water is conveyed, or into vessels or
chambers in connection therewith, and thus bring the carbonic acid
into contact with the water under pressure, and allow it to become
absorbed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Dobson and James
Macqueen, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd August 1871.
We, BENJAMIN DOBSON, of the Firm of Messieurs Dobson and Barlow,
of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and JAMES
MACQUEEN, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in machinery for spinning and doubling relate to
the winding on motion of self-acting mules, and consist of a curved
plate which acts on a bowl in the ordinary radial arm. The curved
plate and radial arm are moved to and fro by a rack and pinion keyed
on the back shaft; the lower part of the curved plate is flat to dispense
with the nosing peg, and the rack also drives a pinion for giving motion
to the front roller by means of change wheels to vary the amount of
yarn delivered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH PRESSURE AND COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Ashton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1872.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM ASHTON, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH PRESSURE AND COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:
-
This Invention consists, firstly, in dispensing with the ordinary method
of connecting the piston rod direct to the crank of such steam engines
by means of a connecting rod or rods, and in lieu thereof connecting the
piston rod to the long end of a lever by means of a link, and the crank
to the shorter end of the same, by the same means so as to obtain a
stroke of more than twice the length of the crank.
Secondly, in compound engines I give a high-pressure piston a long
stroke and a small diameter, and the low-pressure piston a short stroke
and a large diameter, equalizing the action of the same on the crank by
connecting the high-pressure piston to the latter by the means above
described.

page_text: The object of this arrangement is to allow the high-pressure piston to
move at a high velocity without imparting too many revolutions to the
crank, and thus to reduce the vibration and consequent wear and tear,
as the crank has to pass the centre a fewer number of times in com-
parison with the speed at which the piston travels than it does in high-
pressure engines wherein the piston rod is coupled direct by a connecting
rod or rods to the crank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING Boats
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Honorable James Terence
Fitzmaurice at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 21st June 1872.
I, The Honorable JAMES TERENCE FITZMAURICE, of Porthpcan,
St. Austell, in the County of Cornwall, Captain in the Royal Navy, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING Boats," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to ensure the lowering of boats on an even
keel, for which purpose the falls after being brought from the upper
blocks in the usual manner are passed two or other convenient number
of times round suitable drums, barrels, or pullies connected together
or arranged on a single shaft interposed between the upper blocks and
the lowering cleats and travelling together at equal speeds, thereby
preventing one fall from being lowered more rapidly than the other. The
bearings for carrying the drums, barrels, or pullies may be attached to
the ship's side or davits, or in any other convenient position above the
lowering cleats.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE DRYING OF YARNS, WHICH IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE USE OF TENTERING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: •
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Crowther at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1872.
I, ALFRED CROWTHER, of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE DRYING OF YARNS,
WHICH IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE USE OF
TENTERING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
"
―
Warp or other yarns to be dried are coiled upon creels, swifts, or
"balloons,"
," with rods between each succeeding coil, so that the separate
yarns are kept apart one from the others, and these creels, swifts, or
❝ balloons are then set in rapid motion in chambers heated by coils
of steam, or hot water pipes, or by hot air; and my improvement
consists in the application of a fan or series of fans caused to revolve
rapidly in these chambers, or of other blower, so as to increase the
motion of the atmosphere therein and thereby increase the rapidity of
the drying. I also apply these fans or blowers to tentering machines for
the same purpose. I find it convenient to apply these fans or blowers
to act from below upwards.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOCKING UP OR SECURING TYPE OR OTHER PRINTING SURFACES IN FRAMES OR CHASES,' AND FOR LOCKING CHASES ON THE BEDS OF PRESSES OR MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Brown Houghton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1872.
I, ALBERT BROWN HOUGHTON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOCKING UP OR SECURING TYPE
OR OTHER PRINTING SURFACES IN FRAMES OR CHASES,' AND FOR LOCKING CHASES
ON THE BEDS OF PRESSES OR MACHINES," to be as follows:-
"
The object of this Invention is to do away with "sides
" "footsticks,"
"furniture," quoins," and the like, which have been the means
hitherto employed by which the type or other printing surface has been
secured in its position on the beds of presses or machines.
66
"
According to my Invention the frame or chase, employed is
substantially of the same kind as that now generally used, but to grip or
hold firmly the type in its desired position I employ two or more sliding
bars working within the said chase in such manner as to lock up and
secure the type. Action is given to these sliding bars by double levers,
which are in their turn actuated upon by right and left handed screws.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The type having been
placed within the vacant space in the chase, the said right and left
handed screws are turned in such manner as to force the double levers
outwards, and these in their turn carry the sliding bars across the chase
and towards the type until the latter is firmly locked. When it is
desired to unlock the type the process is reversed and the operation is
complete.
When it is required to lock chases on the beds of presses or machines
the same mechanical contrivances are employed, the beds of presses or
machines being treated as though they were chases, and the said chases
for this purpose being considered the type described under the first head
of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Broel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1872.
I, JOSEPH BROEL, of Westbourne Terrace, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of an apparatus for regu-
lating automatically the production of an inflammable mixture of air
and vapour from volatile hydrocarbons in accordance with the rate of
consumption for lighting and heating purposes.
The inflammable mixture of air and vapour may be obtained from
the apparatus described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to Arthur Brin, bearing date the 11th of February 1868, Number 465,
or modifications of such apparatus, or from any other suitable apparatus
of that description.
-
With such an apparatus I propose according to my Invention to
combine an automatic regulator which shall control or arrest the supply

page_text: either of air or of hydrocarbon to the carburator. Thus the greater
the supply of air or hydrocarbon the greater will be the amount of
inflammable mixture produced, and vice versa. This regulator may be
constructed in various ways, for example it may consist of a chamber
with flexible diaphragm or of a cylinder and piston, the rising and
falling of the diaphragm or piston supplying the movement for effecting
the regulation required. Or it may consist of an inverted open mouthed
vessel similar to a gasometer as is well understood. The inflammable
mixture of air and hydrocarbon vapour passes directly from the
carburator into this vessel or regulator, and by a separate pipe issues
from the regulator to the burners. As this vessel becomes more or less
filled with the air and vapour it will rise or fall. To the top or other
convenient part of this vessel there is connected a lever or other
convenient well-known mechanical contrivance, which is in connection
either with a cock which regulates the amount of air forced into the
carburator, or with the clockwork or other mechanism for actuating
the fan or other blower so as to control the speed thereof, or it is in
connection with a cock which regulates the supply of liquid hydro-
carbon to the carburator. Thus as the regulator rises it diminishes the
supply of air or hydrocarbon or both to the apparatus, and as it descends
it increases the said supply, consequently the amount of production of
the inflammable mixture of air and hydrocarbon vapour will always be
proportionate to the demand.
"
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY, STEAMBOAT, AND OTHER SIMILAR TICKETS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert M. Kenzie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
April 1872.
I, ROBERT M° KENZIE, of Achnasheen, in the County of Ross, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY, STEAMBOAT, AND OTHER SIMILAR TICKETS, AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING THE SAME,” to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in railway, steamboat,
and other similar tickets, has for its objects the prevention of the date
being tampered with, or the reissuing of the ticket.
For the prevention of the date being tampered with, the printing of it
upon the ticket is effected with types, the faces of which consist of a
series of points forming the outline of the letter or numeral to be im-
pressed on the ticket, and these points project sufficiently to indent or
puncture the ticket to some depth when pressed down by the usual
method employed in printing such tickets. These types are placed in
the usual manner in the ordinary printing apparatus, and when inked by
the ribbon and pressed down, they not only indent or puncture the

page_text: ticket, but also print the date into it, so that the date impressed and
printed in this way cannot be effaced without disfiguring the ticket.
The reissuing of the ticket is prevented by dividing off a section of it
by the ordinary system employed for perforating cardboard or paper, and
within this perforated section is printed the name of the place from and
to which the ticket is available, and the fare or class for which it has
been issued, together with directions that such portion of the ticket is to
be retained by the passenger, and such portion being broken off disfigures
the ticket, and renders it unavailable for any other person.
It is to be understood that the body of the ticket is made and printed 1
in the usual manner.