AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF A SPECIAL ESSENTIAL OIL AND OBTAINING VARNISH FROM THAT OPERATION OR PROCESS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Browne, of the Firm of Browne and Company,.
Patent Agents, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION
OF A SPECIAL ESSENTIAL OIL AND OBTAINING VARNISH FROM THAT OPERATION
OR PROCESS." A communication from abroad by Désiré Hyacinthe Lepercq
D'halluin, of Paris, in the French Republic.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1876.
ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent Agents, of
5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
" AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF A SPECIAL ESSENTIAL OIL AND OBTAINING
VARNISH FROM THAT OPERATION OR PROCESS." A communication from abroad by
Désiré Hyacinthe Lepercq D'balluin, of Paris, in the French Republic.
Essential oil or residues from the manufacture of alcohol arising from wines or
residues obtained from the manufacture of sulphuric ether, distinguished as heavy
wine oil, possess the property of dissolving by cold all the gums employed in the
manufacture of varnish. Struck with their dissolving property and after much
research I am induced to make a varnish suitable for all purposes, but for that
purpose I must have recourse to their rectification by the action of acids upon the
aforesaid oil in order to form with them an etherized product. Any of the acids
will answer, as also chlorine or chloride of lime, in fact anything that will form an
etherized product. Nevertheless I prefer sulphuric acid as being the most con-
venient and most certain to obtain a regular or uniform product.
MANNER OF OPERATING.
In a suitable receptacle, such as an apparatus made of lead, provided with
serpentines of lead with a top swan necked and refrigerating, heated by steam. I

page_text: the end, a large quantity of an etherized product mixed with water and sulphurous
acid passes off, I push the distillation until there remains not more than one-tenth
of the product as a residue in the bottom of the apparatus, I then stop the operation
and the residue is a product resembling tar, mixed with a large quantity of
sulphuric acid, which I claim to use as follows:-The two first thirds which have
passed the process of distillation are for the most part composed of essential oil
which has escaped the action of the sulphuric acid, but this does not prevent the
said oil from changing its odour. The other third part where the sulphuric acid
This I
has most acted upon is an etherized product held in solution in the water.
saturate with carbonate of potash or any other alkali which seizes upon the
sulphurous acid to form sulphate of potash, which dissolved in water increases its
density. This etherized product then forms on the surface a bed. I separate or
draw off the oily portion by means of a syphon and a funnel fitted with a cock.
All the above products are combined together, rectified upon a bed of lime, mixed
or separated as required, whether for the manufacture of varnish or otherwise.
This essential distilled oil having undergone the action of acids or other agents
possessing the properties of forming with them etherized products I destine for the
manufacture of all kinds of varnish, and particularly copal varnish. It can likewise
be used with advantage as a substitute for turpentine for all purposes, and in many
cases as a substitute for benzine, above all for removing stains, methylated or wood
spirit, for dissolving fatty and oily substances or matters in any proportions. It is
also adapted for scouring cotton and woollen goods and materials; for extracting
the oil from oil cake instead of using sulphur of carbon; for the purpose of illu-
mination it gives a brilliant light, without smoke, clearer than gas; it can also be
used instead of wood or coal for culinary purposes, heating machines, steam boilers,
and other furnaces, as it gives off a heat superior to that obtained by the use of
ordinary combustibles.
I also obtain by increasing the action of the sulphuric acid a larger quantity of
the etherized products before mentioned, fluid and thin. To effect this I operate in
the same manner as that before described in the manufacture of sulphuric ether by
bringing the essential oil into contact with sulphuric acid heated to 140° Fahrenheit,
which gives me artificial essence of apples, pears, strawberries, currants, and other
fruits suitable for the use of confectioners, manufacture of liqueurs, and other uses.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Browne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
December 1876.
ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent Agents, of
"AN IMPROVED
5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF A SPECIAL ESSENTIAL OIL AND OBTAINING
VARNISH FROM THAT OPERATION OR PROCESS." A communication from abroad by
Désiré Hyacinthe Lepercq D'halluin, of Paris, in the French Republic.
.
Essential oil or residues from the manufacture of alcohol arising from wines, or
residues obtained from the manufacture of sulphuric ether, distinguished as heavy
"wine oil, possess the property of dissolving by application in a cold state all the
gums employed in the manufacture of varnish. Struck with their dissolving pro-
perty, and after much research, the Inventor has at last obtained a varnish suitable
for all purposes.
For the object of this Invention recourse is had to their
⚫rectification by the action of acids upon the aforesaid oil, in order to form with
them an etherized product. Any of the acids will answer, as also chlorine or
Never-
chloride of lime; in fact anything that will form an etherized product.
theless, sulphuric acid is preferred, as being the most convenient and most
certain to obtain a regular or uniform product.

page_text: MANNER OF OPERATING.
In an apparatus heated by steam made of lead, and provided with lead worms
with a top box and with swan-neck and refrigerating appliance, I place, say, 1000
pounds of the essential oil of beet root, or 200 pounds of sulphuric acid of 66°
5 strength, and by means of a stirrer I mix the liquids, and proceed to distil them
gently to /, then a disengagement of sulphurous acid will be produced to the
end; a large quantity of an etherized product mixed with water and sulphurous
acid passes off, and I continue the distillation until there remains not more than
one-tenth of the product as a residue in the bottom of the apparatus. I then stop
the operation, and the residue is a sticky product resembling tar mixed with a large
quantity of sulphuric acid, which, according to this Invention, is used as follows:-
The two first thirds which have passed over by the process of distillation are, for
the most part, composed of essential oil which has escaped the action of the
sulphuric acid, but this does not prevent the said oil from changing its odour.
5. remaining third part upon which the sulphuric acid has most acted is an etherized
product held in solution in the water. This I saturate with carbonate of potash,
or any other alkali, which seizes upon the sulphurous acid to form sulphate of
potash, which dissolyed in water increases its density. This etherized product then
forms on the surface a bed or layer; I separate or draw off the oily portion by
means of a syphon and a funnel fitted with a cock.
t
The
All the above products are combined together, rectified upon a bed of lime, mixed
or separated as required, whether for the manufacture of varnish or otherwise.
This essential distilled oil having undergone the action of acids or other agent
possessing the properties of forming with them etherized products I apply to the
manufacture of all kinds of varnish, and particularly copal varnish. It can like-
wise be used with advantage as a substitute for turpentine for all purposes, and in
many cases as a substitute for benzine, especially for removing stains, also as a
substitute for methylated or wood spirit, and can be generally employed for dis-
solving fatty and oily substances or matters in any proportions. It is also adapted
for scouring cotton and woollen goods and materials, for extracting the oil from oil
cake, instead of using sulphur of carbon (the Deiss process). For the purpose of
illumination it gives a brilliant light without smoke, and brighter than gas. It can
also be used instead of wood or coal for culinary purposes, also for heating steam
boiler and other furnaces or apparatus, as it gives off a heat superior to that
obtained by the use of ordinary combustibles.
I
a[80 obtain by increasing the action of the sulphuric acid a larger quantity of fluid
and light etherized products. To effect this I operate in the same manner as that
before described in the manufacture of sulphuric ether by bringing the essential oil
into contact with sulphuric acid heated to 140° Fahrenheit, which gives me artificial
essence of apples, pears, strawberries, currants, and other fruits suitable for the use
of confectioners, manufacturers of liqueurs, and other uses.
The different oil and gums made according to this process may also be used in
certain composition for glazing or stiffening fabrics.
I have already said that through the distillation process I obtained a raw produce
which is an etherized essential oil containing large quantities of sulphuric acid. By
saturating this produce with either carbonate of potash or of soda I obtain two layers,
one over the other, the top one being essential oil and the bottom one is bisulphite
of soda, which contains a coloring matter which is not detected at first, but which
by means of milk of lime produces a bright red color. This coloring matter is in
great abundance, and may be employed either for dying or printing fabrics, and
may be also employed for painting.
At the bottom of the vessel which is employed for the process of distillation
remains a sticky product resembling pitch (as mentioned before). This product
contains much sulphuric acid, which may be employed to make sulphate of iron.
This pitch-like product is treated with milk of lime to produce a deep yellow

page_text: coloring matter, which may also be applied for dying and printing fabrics, as well
as for painting.
The etherized oil is also applicable to replace ether and alcohol in the manufacture
of pharmaceutical and commercial tan; in the manufacture of chloroform and
collodion; in the manufacture of pharmaceutical and commercial extracts which are
prepared with alcohol; in the manufacture of vegetable alkalis, such as strychnine,
veratrine, morphine, atropine, as well as all other alkalis which are prepared with
alcohol; for the extraction of volatile oils from seeds; to dissolve rosins and fatty
bodies; for waterproofing canvas, leather, and fabrics; to clean metals in general;
to clean pictures, gildings, plate, etc.
This oil mixed in certain proportions with other fatty oils may be employed as
lubricator for machinery, and replaces mineral oils.
It may also be made use of to replace wood charcoal fire, for removing old paint,
to replace alcohol and methylated spirit in soldering lamps or blow pipes, and colza
and mineral oils for ordinary lamps and night lights.
Old paint may be removed in using it in a cold state, with addition of sand and
rubbing with a metallic brush, or for soaking the paint for the space of twenty..
four hours with this liquid it is easily removed.
It may also replace insect destroyers, as it causes instantaneous asphyxia to
them.
It also prevents gasometers from getting frozen.
Also the general use of the raw essential oil combined with distilled oil (as far as
the odour is not inconvenient), and the modes to apply it to destroy philoxera,
which is the principal cause of the wine disease.
And having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, I
declare that I claim, the extraction of an essential oil, the varnish resulting of this
operation, and the different applications, all as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Browne, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six..
TH
DDOWNG