IMPROVEMENTS IN HAYMAKING MACHINES, A PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO HORSE RAKES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Brassington Bamford, of the Firm of Henry
Bamford and Sons, of Uttoxeter, in the County of Stafford, Agricultural
Implement Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAYMAKING
MACHINES, A PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO HORSE
RAKES."
Sealed the 30th September 1879, and dated the 22nd April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Brassington Bamford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1879.
SAMUEL BRASSINGTON BAMFORD, of the Firm of Henry Bamford and Sons, of
Uttoxeter, in the County of Stafford, Agricultural Implement Makers. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HAYMAKING MACHINES, A PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO HORSE RAKES."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in haymaking
machines, whereby the construction of the said machines is simplified and their
efficiency increased. A part of the said improvements is also applicable to horse
rakes, as herein after described.
I drive the moving parts of the machine from one of the road wheels by the use
of gearing constructed as follows:-To the road wheel I attach a double driving
toothed wheel or a toothed wheel having two different speeds. With the smaller
of the double driving wheels, the smaller pinion of a double pinion having different
speeds gears. This double pinion is always in gear with the driving wheel. The
axis carrying the forks has at its end a collar or barrel keyed to the said axis but
capable of sliding thereon. The outer end of this collar or barrel carries a pinion,
which by sliding the collar outwards may be made to gear with the larger driving
wheel; by sliding it inwards it may be made to gear with the larger double pinion
described. In an intermediate position it does not gear with either. When the
sliding pinion is in the first described position it gives to the rotating forks motion
in a forward direction for tossing the cut grass; when in the second described
position it gives the rotating forks a backward rotation for turning over the grass
or hay. When it is in the intermediate position the forks receive no rotatory
motion. The drumhead in which the gearing is enclosed is smaller than that
מ.

page_text: required by ordinary gearing, and the clogging of the machinery by grass or hay
caught by and retained on the drum head is much diminished.
I give to the forks the required property of yielding when brought against an
obstruction, and of returning to their normal positions when they have passed the
obstacle in the following manner :-The heads of the forks are jointed to the radial
arms of the rotating shaft, and are capable of turning through a large angle on
the said joints. To the middle of each fork head and on its inner side a cam is
attached, and bearing against this cam is the outer end of a radial arm, the inner
end of which is supported by the free end of a curved spring, the other end of the
spring being fixed to the rotating shaft. The figure of the cam is such that when
the fork is turned aside from its normal position it presses inwards the radial arm,
the spring at its inner end is thereby put into a state of tension and restores the
fork to its normal position when it has passed the obstruction.
In order to retain the outer end of the radial arm in its place against the cam
the said end of the arm is provided with a fork, into which a stud fixed centrally
on the cam takes. The said stud and fork preserve the radial position of the arm
but permit of the required sliding motion.
In order to protect the hay from the action of side winds I fix a vertical screen,
made preferably of sheet iron, on each side of the machine. By this arrangement
the hay while passing through the machine is more effectually separated than when
it is exposed to the action of a side wind. A vertical or nearly vertical screen
may also be fixed at the front of the machine to prevent the hay from being blown
onto the horse.
In order the more readily to adjust the machine to the required angle with the
shafts and to fix it in its adjusted position I employ the following arrangement :-
The arms by which the machine is jointed to the shafts carry at their ends sinall
quadrant plates. One of these plates has a series of holes arranged in a curve
concentric with the joint, the other has a slot of similar curvature. Extending from
shaft to shaft is a tube, and in the said tube a spring sliding rod pointed at one end
and provided with a knob at the other works.
The part of the rod near the knob passes through the curved slot in one of the
quadrant plates, and when the rod is driven home by the spring its pointed end
is passed through one of the holes in the other quadrant plate. By drawing back
the said rod by its knob its pointed end is withdrawn from the hole in the quadrant
plate, and the angle made by the machine and shafts may be adjusted. By loosing
the knob its pointed end passes through one of the holes in the quadrant plate, and
the shafts and the machine are bolted in the position to which they have been
adjusted. The quadrant slot through which the end of the rod carrying the knob
passes has notches on each side, and that part of the rod which when the rod is
driven home by its spring is situated in the said slot has a cross pin which engages
in a pair of the notches in the slot. Both shafts are thus simultaneously bolted in
the adjusted position.
The last described part of my Invention is applicable to the adjusting and fixing
of the shafts of horse rakes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Samuel Brassington Bamford in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th October 1879.
SAMUEL BRASSINGTON BAMFORD, of the Firm of Henry Bamford and Sons, of
Uttoxeter, in the County of Stafford, Agricultural Implement Makers. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HAYMAKING MACHINES, A PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO HORSE RAKES."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in haymaking
machines, whereby the construction of the said machines is simplified and their
efficiency increased. A part of the said improvements is also applicable to horse
rakes, as herein after described.
I drive the moving parts of the machine from the road wheels by the use of gearing
constructed as follows:-To the road wheels I attach a double driving toothed wheel
or a toothed wheel having two different speeds. With the smaller of the double
driving wheels the smaller pinion of a double pinion having different speeds gears.
This double pinion is always in gear with the driving wheel. The axis carrying
the forks has at its end a collar or barrel keyed to the said axis but capable of
sliding thereon. The outer end of this collar or barrel carries a pinion which by
sliding the collar outwards may be made to gear with the larger driving wheel; by
sliding it inwards it may be made to gear with the larger double pinion described.
In an intermediate position it does not gear with either. When the sliding pinion
is in the first described position it gives to the rotating forks motion in a forward
direction for tossing the cut grass, when in the second described position it gives
the rotating forks a backward rotation for turning over the grass or hay. When
it is in the intermediate position the forks receive no rotatory motion. The drum
head in which the gearing is enclosed is smaller than that required for ordinary
gearing, and the clogging of the machinery by grass or hay caught by and retained
on the drum head is much diminished.
I give to the forks the required property of yielding when brought against an
obstruction and of returning to their normal positions when they have passed the
obstacle in the following manner:-The heads of the forks are jointed to the radial
arms of the rotating shaft, and are capable of turning through a large angle on the
said joints. To the middle of each fork head, and on its inner side, a cam is
attached, and bearing against this cam is the outer end of a radial
arm, the inner
end of which is supported by the free end of a curved spring, the other end of the
spring being fixed to the rotating shaft. The figure of the cam is such that when
the fork is turned aside from its normal position it presses inwards the radial arm;
the spring at its inner end is thereby put into a state of tension, and restores tho
fork to its normal position when it has passed the obstruction.
In order to retain the outer end of the radial arm in its place against the cam
the said end of the arm is provided with a fork, into which a stud fixed centrally
on the cam takes. The said stud and fork preserve the radial position of the arm,
but permit of the required sliding motion.
In order to protect the hay from the action of side winds I fix a vertical screen
made preferably of sheet iron on each side of the machine. By this arrangement
the hay, while passing through the machine, is not blown onto the axles of the
road wheels when it is exposed to the action of a side wind. A vertical or nearly
vertical screen may also be fixed at the front of the machine to prevent the hay
fron being blown onto the horse.
In order the more readily to adjust the machine to the required angle with the
shafts and to fix it in its adjusted position I employ the following arrangement:-
The arms by which the machine is jointed to the shaft carry at their ends small
quadrant plates. One of these plates has a series of holes arranged in a curve con-
centric with the joint, the other has a slot of similar curvature. Extending from

page_text: shaft to shaft is a tube, and in the said tube a spring sliding rod provided with a
knob at one end works. The part of the rod near the knob passes through the
curved slot in one of the quadrant plates, and when the rod is driven home by the
spring its end is passed through one of the holes in the other quadrant plate. By
drawing back the said rod by its knob its end is withdrawn from the hole in the
quadrant plate, and the angle made by the machine and shafts may be adjusted.
By loosing the knob its end passes through one of the holes in the quadrant plate,
and the shafts and the machine are bolted in the position to which they have been
adjusted. The quadrant slot through which the end of the rod carrying the knob
passes has notches on each side, and that part of the rod which, when the rod is
driven home by its spring, is situated in the said slot, has a cross pin which engages
in a pair of notches in the slot. Both shafts are thus simultaneously bolted in the
adjusted position.
The last described part of my Invention is applicable to the adjusting and fixing
of the shafts of horse rakes.
I will now describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation a part of a hay-making machine containing
my improvements; Figure 2 is a horizontal section (partly in plan) of the same
taken on the line a, a, Figure 1; Figure 2A represents a front elevation of the
forks and parts; Figure 3 represents in plan my improvements in adjusting and
fixing the machine at the required angle with the shafts; Figure 4 is a portion of
the same in side elevation; and Figure 5 represents a section of one of the vertical
side screens which I combine with the machine; Figure 6 represents in side eleva-
tion and cross section the sliding collar or barrel of the driving gear of the machine
and the mechanism for giving motion to and locking the said sliding collar or
barrel.
The same letters indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the Drawings.
I will first describe my improved gearing for driving the moving parts of the
machine from the road wheels. b is one of the road wheels from which the machine
is driven. On the said axle c is a double driving toothed wheel, the two wheels
being marked respectively d and e. The wheels d and e have different speeds, the
wheel d being of larger diameter than the wheel c, as best seen in Figure 1. On a
shaft parallel with the road wheel axle a double pinion g, h, is fixed, the pinion g
being of smaller diameter than the pinion h. The smaller pinion g is always in gear
with the smaller toothed driving wheel e, and it is through the said smaller toothed
wheel e and smaller pinion g that the larger pinion h is driven. When the machine
is being drawn along the toothed driving wheel & and the pinion h rotato in
opposite directions, is the axis carrying the forks, k². On the axis i a collar or
barrel is keyed, but is capable of sliding thereon. The sliding motion is given to
the said collar or barrel in the manner hereinafter described. Fixed to or made in
one piece with the barrel is a pinion n which may be made to gear with the larger
toothed wheel d or with the larger pinion of the double pinion, or be placed
between the said wheel d and pinion so as not to gear with either.
When the collar or barrel is moved outwards so as to bring the pinion n into
the position represented in the Drawing, the said pinion n is in gear with the
larger toothed wheel d of the road axle c, and the motion of the road wheel is com-
municated through the said wheel d and pinion n to the axis i of the forks k, k².
When the collar or barrel is moved inwards and the pinion n made to gear with
the larger pinion of the double pinion g, h, rotation in an opposite direction is
transmitted from the road wheel through the smaller toothed wheel e, double
pinion g, h, and pinion n to the axis i of the forks k, k. By sliding the pinion n
into an intermediate position, that is, bringing it opposite the smaller pinion g of
the double pinion g, h, the said pinion n on the shaft i is out of gear with the road
wheel, and no motion is communicated to the forks k, k. The sliding motion of
the barrel carrying the pinion n is effected and the said barrel fixed in the required
position by the mechanism, best seen in Figure 6. On the said barrell is a cross arm

page_text: which passes through a slot in the hand lever m jointed to the drum head p, and
having motion through the angle indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 6. Jointed
to the said hand lever m is a spring catch me for fixing the said hand lever in the
position to which it has been brought. On the head pare three notches m³, m³, m³,
into any one of which the lower end of the spring catch m³ may be engaged to lock
the hand lever m and the sliding barrel to which it is connected. When the
spring catch m² is engaged in the middle notch m³, as represented in Figure 6, the
pinion n is in the intermediate position described. When the spring catch m² is
lifted from the notch m³ so as to release the hand lever m the latter may be moved
to the right or left of the position represented. When the hand lever is moved to
the right hand and its catch m³ engaged with the notch m* the pinion n is geared
with the toothed wheel d, and when the hand lever m is moved to the left hand
and its catch m² engaged with the notch m³ the pinion n is geared with the pinion h.
When the larger toothed wheel & and pinion n are in gear motion in a forward
direction is given to the rotating forks k, k³, for tossing the cut grass, and when the
pinion n and larger pinion h of the double pinion g, h, are in gear a backward
rotation or rotation in an opposite direction is given to the forks for turning
over the grass or liny. p is the drumhead in which the gearing described is
enclosed. This drum head is smaller than that used for the ordinary gearing, and
hence the clogging of the machine by grass or hay being caught by and retained
on the drum head is much diminished.
I will now describe the construction of the forks. This part of my Invention is
illustrated in the section Figure 2. Each of the heads k of the forks is jointed at 6
to the radial arms 7, the latter being fixed to the drawing axis i of the forks. The
heads k, k, of the forks are by means of the joints 6, 6, of the jointed arms 7, 7,
Inade capable of turning through a large angle. Between each pair of the jointed
arins 7, 7, and connected to the head k of the fork is a cam 8, against which one end
of a radial arm 10 bears, the other end of the said arm being supported by the free
end of the spring 11. The other end of the spring 11 is fixed to the rotating shaft i
of the forks. When the head k of the fork is turned aside from its normal position
when brought against an obstruction, the cam 8 presses inwards the radial arm 10
and compresses the spring 11. As soon as the fork has passed the obstruction the
pressure of the spring 11 acting through the arm 10 upon the cam 8 restores the
fork to its original position, as represented in the Drawing. To retain the outer
end of the radial arm 10 in its place against the cam 8 the said end of the arm is
provided with a fork 12 into which a stud 13 fixed centrally on the can takes. The
said stud and fork preserve the radial position of the arm but permit of the required
sliding motion.
One of the vertical screens which I employ for protecting the hay from the action
of side winds is represented in connection with the machine, Figure 1, and detached
in Figure 5, and is marked z. A screen of this kind is fixed at each side of the
machine. The vertical screens are made preferably of sheet iron, and are fixed to
the framing of the machine in any convenient way. A screen at the front of the
machine may be used for protecting the hay from being blown onto the horse.
My improvements in adjusting and fixing the machine at the required angle with
the horse shafts are represented in plan in Figure 3. One of the shafts is repre-
sented in side elevation in Figure 1, and the other shaft in side elevation in
Figure 4.
q. r, are the two shafts for drawing the machine connected together by a tube t
(see Figure 3) extending from shaft to shaft. The said shafts are jointed at v², w³,
to the fixed quadrant plates v, w, secured to the framing u, u, of the machine. The
quadrant plate v near the shaft q has a series of holes x, x, in it, the holes being
arranged in a curve concentric with the joint (see Figure 1), and the quadrant
plate w near the other shaft r has a slot y made in it of a similar curvature (seo
Figure 4). On opposite sides of the curved slot y pairs of notches y are made, as
represented in Figure 4. In the tube t connecting the two shafts q, r, a rod 2
works. This rod has a knob 2b at one end, and a spring 3 bearing against the

page_text: collar 4 on the said rod tends to force it in the direction of the arrow, Figure 3,
and cause its end 2 to pass through one of the holes ac in the quadrant plato v.
The knob end of the rod 2 is furnished with a cross pin 5 of a size and shape
proper to engage with one of the pairs of notches y at the edges of the curved
slot y in the quadrant plate w. When the parts are in their normal positions the
end 2 of the rod 2 is engaged with one of the holes in the plate v, and the cross
pin 5 is engaged with one of the pairs of notches y' in the plate w, as represented
in Figures 1 and 4, and the two shafts q, r, are bolted to the frame of the machine
with the said machine at the required angle. When it is wished to unbolt the
shafts q, r, for adjusting the angle of the machine with the said shafts, the rod 2 is
drawn outwards by acting on its knob 2b, and the spring 3 is compressed. The
end 20 of the rod 2 is thereby withdrawn from one of the holes in the quadrant
plate v, and the cross pin 5 from one of the pairs of notches y³ in the plate w. Both
the shafts are thus unbolted from the quadrant plates q, r, and the said shafts may
be turned on their joints, w³, and the angle of the machine with the shafts
adjusted. By then loosing the knob 2b of the rod 2, the end 2* is forced forward
by the action of the spring 3, and the said end made to pass through one of the
holes in the quadrant plate v, and the cross pin 5 reengaged with one of the pairs
of notches in the quadrant plate w. The two shafts are again bolted in their
adjusted position, as will be understood by an examination of the Drawings.
This part of my Invention is applicable to the adjusting and fixing of the shafts
of horse rakes.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention,-
But I claim as my Invention, first, the construction and combination of the
parts constituting the gearing, herein before described, and illustrated in Figures 1
and 2 of the accompanying Drawings, by which gearing motion is transmitted from
the road wheels of the haymaking machine to the rotating forks, so as to move
them in one or other direction, or bring them to rest, as required.
Secondly. The construction and combination of parts, herein before described,
and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings, for permitting the
forks of haymaking machines to yield when brought against an obstruction, and
causing them to return to their normal positions when they have passed the
obstruction.
Thirdly. The combination with hay making machines of vertical screens fixed at
sides of the machine to protect the hay from the action of side winds, as herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. The construction and combination of parts for adjusting and fixing hay-
making machines and horse rakes to their shafts at the required angle, herein
before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 3, and 4 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Brassington Bamford, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine
SAMUEL BRASSINGTON BAMFORD. (L.S.)
Witness,
EDWARD POVEY,
Uttoxeter.