Process and Apparatus for Producing Ammonia, Cyanides, Coke, and Gas.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 25th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 23rd June, 1898-Accepted. 25th Apr.. 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for Producing Ammonia, Cyanides, Coke, and
Gas.
PAUL NAEF, Ph.D., Chemical Engineer, 15, 3rd Avenue, New Brighton, S.T.,
New York, U.S.A., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the production and recovery of gas, cyanides ammonia
and tar, in combination with the iron & coke industries.
Objects of the invention are to combine the manufacture of pig iron in blast
furnaces and the production of coke cyanide ammonia and tar from carbonaceous
fuel to recover the cyanides produced in blast furnaces, as such or as ammonia;
to recover ammonia & tar formed in the process of producing coke; to manufacture
a high grade fuel or illuminating gas as a by-product; to economize fuel in the
blast furnace by oxydising some of the blast-furnace gases to a greater extent,
than is the case in ordinary blast furnaces; to make the production of iron, the
recovery of by-products, the coking of coal, as well as the handling of all materials
automatic operations.
It is an established fact that large amounts of cyanide are formed in the lower
part of iron blast furnaces. This cyanide is mostly destroyed in the upper part of
the furnace by the oxydising action of oxide of iron, and only a small amount is
found in the gases escaping from the blast furnace.
An important feature of my invention consists in taking off hot gases from the
blast furnaces before destruction of much cyanide has taken place. These incan-
descent gases I utilize for the production of coke in such a way, that any cyanide,
which the gases contain is recovered as such, or as ammonia. At the same time
ammonia & tar from the fuel, is also recovered.
Incandescent gas taken from the blast furnace is also used for burning the
lime stone used in said furnace, and cyanide or ammonia is at the same time
recovered, from the gases: this is claimed by me in another application of even
date.
For the purpose of producing coke by means of hot gases, Application for Letters:
Patent has been made by me 7951/98, dated under International Convention
September 7th 97.
The method consists in forcing hot gases through a column of fuel in specially
devised apparatus. The process enables the production of large quantities of colza.

page_text: in a single apparatus. Preferably the coking apparatus is made of such a size,
that it will produce the coke, which the blast furnace consumes.
Hot gas is withdrawn from iron blast furnaces some distance above the tuyeres.
It is conducted through the openings in the periphery, which are in connection
with a brick lined channel, running around the furnaces. The main channel is
connected to the gas inlet of the coking furnace, which is arranged at such a
height that coke can be withdrawn at the bottom, without much escape of steam.
The part of the coking apparatus below the gas entrance is used for producing
ammonia by the action of steam on the red hot coke, and for cooling the coke by
means of water and steam. The steam rises through the coking chamber and
causes decomposition of cyanide to ammonia.
The gas, which escapes from the coking apparatus, is treated for the recovery
of ammonia, and if no steam is used in the coking apparatus, also for the recovery
of cyanide. This gas is a high grade fuel gas, which can easily be converted into
illuminating gas.
As a large volume of gas is withdrawn from the blast furnace for coking coal,
the remainder of the gas will pass through the upper part of the furnace at lower
speed, and there will be a more complete conversion of carbonic oxide to carbonic
acid by the action of iron ore. Practically all the reduction of iron oxide takes
place in a space of about 15 feet from the top of the furnace, but as the charge
descends, reoxidation takes place to a large extent by reactions.
-
Fe+Co FeO+CO, caused by too high a temperature. Higher temperature
causes further, an increase in fuel consumption by action of carbonic acid on coke
in the upper part of the furnace. As with the new process described a much
smaller volume of gas will pass through the upper part of the furnace, secondary
actions will take place, to a much less extent. The reduction of iron oxide will
take place at a lower temperature. After the charge reaches the point below the
off-take of the incandescent gas, it will suddenly be raised to a temperature at
which the iron melts. A further economy of fuel will be effected by the gas
escaping from the blast furnace at a much lower temperature.
If new blast furnaces are erected with my process, they can be built of smaller
height.
For the purpose of preventing destruction of cyanide in the upper part of the
blast furnace, the ore can be subjected to a preliminary reduction & calcining
process before it is charged into a blast furnace.
In the drawings:-Fig. I shows a vertical section of an apparatus designed for
the process. Fig. 2 shows a vertical section of the coking apparatus in its simplest
form.
In Fig. I, No. 1 is an iron blast furnace, which may be of any ordinary con-
struction. No. 2 is the coking apparatus. No. 3 the apparatus for calcining the
limestone by means of incandescent gases. Incandescent gas is taken off from the
blast furnaces through ducts 4 which lead into a main channel 5 encircling the
furnace.
This channel has openings 6 for blowing out dust, which may deposit in it. It
is connected to the coking apparatus 2 and calcining apparatus 3 by the pipe 7.
Water cooled dampers 8 and 9 are arranged to shut off incandescent gas, from
coking or calcining apparatus if desired. The coking apparatus consists of a
shaft 10 supported on pillars 11. It is here shown with a conical bottom 12, and
gates 13 for withdrawing the coke, It is charged with coal by mechanical means
through conveyor 14. The incandescent gas is introduced through the annular
channel 15 and ducts 16, which are at such a height, that the resistance of
nearly the same in an upward as in a downward direction. The gas containing
ammonia and tar leaves through pipe 17 which conducts it to any suitable wash-
ing apparatus not shown. Water is introduced for cooling the coke, through
pipe 18 and steam through pipe 19. The coke is crushed by rollers 12ª, and is
discharged into a storage hopper 20, which is connected at the bottom, to a con-
veyor 21 which delivers the coke into a hopper 22.
gras is

page_text: The lime kiln 3 consists of a shaft 23 supported on cast iron pillars 24. It is
charged with lime stone from hopper 25 by means of conveyor 26. Incandescent
gas is introduced through the annular channel 27, and ducts 28 which are
arranged at such a height, that the resistance offered to the gas upwards and down-
wards is about the same. The burnt lime is withdrawn from the conical bottom 29
by means of door 30 into the storage hopper 31. From this hopper it is fed into
hopper 22 by means of conveyor 32. The iron ore is fed into the same hopper 22
from hopper 33 by means of conveyor 34 and the suitable smelting mixture of
lime, and iron ore and coke is obtained by regulating the speed of conveyors 21
32 34. This smelting mixture is elevated into the hopper 35 on top of blast
furnace 1 by means of an elevator 36 which discharges into horizontal conveyor 37.
By this arrangement the entire operation of making the smelting charge
elevating the same, and charging it into the blast furnace, are performed entirely
automatically.
Instead of using a bell, as is usually applied for charging blast furnaces, a con-
veyor 38 can be substituted, & manual labour for charging is thus entirely avoided.
Hopper 33 is so arranged that the iron ore can be dumped into it from railway
cars.
1
The water cooled dampers 8 and 9 consist of a casing 39 into which water is
run through pipe 40 leaving through pipe 41. The damper 42 is suspended on a
pipe 43, which can be raised or lowered by any convenient means. Water is intro-
duced into damper 42, through pipe 44, and leaves pipe 43 at discharge pipe 45.
When the coking apparatus 2 and calcining apparatus 3 are in operation,
dampers 42 are not in the reach of the intense heat, being surrounded by the water
cooled casing 39.
In Fig. 2 the coking apparatus is shown in its simplest form. It consists of a
shaft 46, which is preferably encased by sheet iron 47. The annular channel 48 is
arranged at such a height, that the resistance offered to the passage of the incan-
descent gas, is about the same in upward and downward directions. From the
channel 48 the gas enters the apparatus through the ducts 49. Coal is charged
into the apparatus from hopper 50 by means of conveyor 51. Ammonia is pro-
duced by the action of steam, (introduced by pipe 53), on the red hot coke and
the coke is further cooled by water introduced through pipes 52. In this form
of the apparatus, coke is discharged by manual labour, through openings 54 and
dcors 55. Steam can also be introduced through the upper part of the coking
chamber for the purpose of decomposing cyanide. In cases where the cyanide in
the blast furnace gases, has to be recovered as such no steam is introduced into the
coking apparatus.
It may be further stated, that water or steam can be introduced into the cal-
eining apparatus in a similar way as is shown in coking apparatus 2 for the
purpose of converting cyanide, contained in the incandescent gas into ammonia.
For the purpose of increasing the production of cyanide, an alkali can be mixed
with the coking coal, as described in my Application for Letters Patent 7953/98,
dated under International Convention Sept. 7th 97.
For the recovery of ammonia the gas is conducted from the coking apparatus
and calcining apparatus through any suitable washing apparatus (not shown). In
most cases it is preferable to conduct the gas first through a washer to remove the
tar and afterwards recover the ammonia. If cyanide is to be recovered as such,
the gases are treated by any of the methods, which have been found suitable in
gas works for the absorption of cyanide from gas. Any cyanide left in the coke
can be converted into ammonia, by treating the red hot coke with steam in the
cooling chamber. In such a case it is advisable to use doors between the coking
and cooling chambers, as shown in my Application 7952/98, dated under Interna-
tional Convention Sept. 7. 97; so that the steam can be drawn off from the
cooling chamber, without it passing into the coking chamber, for the purpose of
recovering the ammonia. Instead of treating the coke with steam, cyanide can

page_text: be extracted by lixiviating the coke, for which purpose the waterlute arrangement
described in the above mentioned application, is recommended.
The
The gas from the coking plant can be carburreted in the usual manner.
tar oils recovered in the process can be used for this purpose in cases where there
is no more profitable use for them. It is apparent that cyanide or ammonia can
be recovered by the process, from hot gases produced in other apparatus than iron
blast furnaces.
If the ore is reduced before being charged into the blast furnace, it is unneces-
sary to pass gas through the upper part of the blast furnace. All the gases can
then be taken off through the annular channel, & thus can be utilized for the
recovery of cyanide by the coking and calcining process.
Having now described my invention, what I claim as new is:-
1.The method of making coke, which consists in taking off hot gas from a
blast furnace, and conducting the same through a body of fuel.
2. The method of producing fuel gas or illuminating gas and by-products,
which consists in taking off hot gas from blast furnaces, & utilizing the heat of
the same for the purpose of coking coal.
3. The method of recovering cyanide & ammonia from hot gases containing
the same, which consists in passing these gases through carbonaceous fuel, &
afterwards removing cyanide and ammonia from the resulting gases.
4. The method of producing cyanide & ammonia, which consists in taking off
hot gases from blast furnaces, utilizing the heat of the same for coking coal or
calcining lime, or both combined and treating the gases resulting therefrom, for
ecovery of cyanide & ammonia.
5. A coking apparatus consisting of a shaft with means for introducing coal
on the top, & withdrawing coke at the bottom, & means for introducing hot gas
or air at such a height that coke can be withdrawn from the bottom without escape
of gas.
6. The process of producing ammonia from heated gases containing cyanide
vapour, which consists in conducting said gases through a body of carbonaceous
fuel in the presence of steam, and recovering the ammonia from the resultant
gases.
7. The process of producing cyanide & ammonia, which consists in reducing
iron ore in a separate apparatus, smelting the same in a blast furnace, with-
drawing all the gases at a height where little cyanide is destroyed, conducting
said gases through fuel for the production of coke & treating the resultant gases
for the recovery of cyanide & ammonia.
S. The improved method of smelting ore in a blast-furnace, which consists in
taking off hot gases from the furnace some height above the tuyeres, utilizing the
same for producing coke and high-grade fuel gas & illuminating gas, and conduct-
ing the remainder of the gas through the upper part of the blast furnace.
9. The combination of a blast furnace, having arrangements for taking off hot
gases, some distance above the tuyeres with an apparatus for producing coke by
said gases.
10. The combination of the coking apparatus the calcining apparatus, and the
means of producing a smelting mixture of ore, coke and lime consisting of hoppers
and conveyors for each material.
11. The combination of a blast furnace, of means for producing a smelting
mixture of coke, lime and iron ore consisting of a storage hopper having a conveyor
at the bottom, for each material, each conveyor delivering into one hopper on a
lower level.
12. The combination with a blast furnace of means for producing a smelting
mixture, the means for raising the mixture into a hopper on the top of a blast
furnace, and a conveyor for feeding the mixture automatically into the furnace.
13. The combination of a blast furnace, of a coking apparatus, means for pro-
ducing a smelting mixture, means for raising the mixture into a hopper on top

page_text: of the blast furnace, and means for feeding the mixture automatically into the
furnace.
"
14. The combination of a blast furnace with a coking apparatus, an apparatus
for calcining limestone, means for producing a smelting mixture, means for raising
the mixture into a hopper on the top of the blast furnace and means for con-
tinuously feeding it into the furnace.
15. The combination with a coking apparatus, of a storage hopper on a lower
level, from which the coke can be discharged in regulated quantities.
PAUL NAEF,
Applicant.
Process and Apparatus for Producing Ammonia, Cyanides, Coke, and
Gas.
PAUL NAEF, Ph.D., Chemical Engineer, 15, 3rd Avenue, New Brighton, S.T.,
New York, U.S.A., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the production and recovery of gas, cyanide, ammonia
and tar in combination with iron and coke industries.
Objects of the invention are to combine the manufacture of pig iron in blast
furnaces and the production of coke, cyanide, ammonia and tar from carbonaceous
fuel to recover the cyanides produced in blast furnaces as such, or as ammonia:
to recover ammonia and tar formed in the process of producing coke: to manu-
facture a high grade fuel or illuminating gas as a by-product, to economise fuel
in the blast furnace by oxydising some of the blast furnace gases to a greater
extent than is the case in ordinary blast furnaces; to make the production of iron,
the recovery of by-products, the coking of coal, as well as the handling of all
materials automatic operations.
Large amounts of cyanide are formed in the lower part of iron blast furnaces.
This cyanide is mostly destroyed in the upper part of the furnace by the oxydising
action of oxide of iron, and only a small amount is found in the gases escaping
from the top of the blast furnace.
An important feature of my invention consists in taking off hot gases from
blast furnaces before destruction of much cyanide has taken place.
These hot gases I utilize for the production of coke, in such a way, that any
cyanide, which the gases contain is recovered as such or as ammonia.
At the same
time ammonia and tar from the fuel is also recovered.
Gas taken from the blast furnace is also used for burning the limestone, used
in the said furnace, and cyanide or ammonia is at the same time recovered from
the gases. This process is specially claimed by me in another application of even
date.
The process of producing coke by means of a hot gas is described in my appli-
cation: 7951/98 dated under International Convention 7 Sept. '97.
The method consists in forcing hot gases through a column of fuel in specially
devised apparatus, which enables the production of large quantities of coke in a
single apparatus, and also the recovery of ammonia from the nitrogenous com-
pounds of the coke.
Preferably the coking apparatus is made of such a size, that it will produce all
the coke which the blast furnace consumes.

page_text: Hot gas is taken from a blast furnace, some distance above the tuyeres, and is
conducted through openings in the periphery into a brick-lined annular channel
encircling the furnace. From this channel a pipe conducts the gas through gas
inlets into the coking furnace. The gas inlets of the coking furnace consists of
numerous ducts, which are arranged at such a height that coke can be withdrawn
at the bottom of the apparatus without much escape of gas and steam.
The part of the coking apparatus below the gas entrance is used for the produc-
tion of ammonia from the nitrogenous compounds of..the coke, by the action of
steam on the red hot coke and for cooling the coke by means of water and steam.
The steam causes also decomposition of cyanide to ammonia, according to the
reaction: 2NaCN + 3H2O2NH, +Na₂0+ 200.
-
The gas leaving the coking apparatus is treated for the recovery of ammonia and
if no steam is used in the coking apparatus also for the recovery of cyanide.
This gas is a high grade fuel gas, which is easily converted into illuminating
gas by carburetting.
As a large volume of gas is withdrawn from the blast furnace for coking the
coal, the remainder of the gas will pass through the upper part of the furnace at
a lower speed and there will be a more complete conversion of carbonic oxide to
carbonic acid, by the action of the iron ore. In blast furnaces worked in the
ordinary way the reduction of iron oxide takes place in a space of about 15 feet
from the top of the furnace, but as the charge descends reoxydation takes place
to a large extent by reactions such as:-
:-Fe+CO, FeO+CO, caused by too high
a temperature. High temperature causes further an increase in fuel consumption
by action of carbonic acid on coke in the upper part of the furnace CO, +C=200.
As with the new process described a much smaller volume of gas will pass through
the upper part of the furnace, the reduction of iron oxide will take place at a lower
temperature, and the secondary reactions described will take place to a much less
extent. After the charge reaches the point below the off-take of the incandescent
gas, it will suddenly be raised to a temperature at which the metal melts.
A. further economy of fuel will be effected by the gases escaping from the blast
furnace at a much lower temperature, because less heat has to be intercepted in
the upper part of the furnace.
If new blast furnaces are erected for my process they can therefore be built
of smaller height.
For the purpose of preventing destruction of cyanide, the ore can be subjected
to a preliminary calcining and reduction process before it is charged into the
blast furnace. For this purpose an apparatus of similar construction, as the
coking plant, can be used through which hot gas is conducted.
In the drawings which have been left with my Provisional Specification.-Fig. 1
shows a vertical section of an apparatus designed for the process. Fig. 2 shows a
vertical section of the coking apparatus in its simplest form.
Referring to Fig. 1. No. 1 is a blast furnace of ordinary construction. No. 2
is the coking apparatus. No. 3 the apparatus for calcining the limestone. Hot
gases are taken off from the blast-furnace through ducts 4, which lead into a
main channel 5, encircling the furnace. This channel has openings 6 for
blowing out dust which may deposit. It is connected to the coking apparatus 2,
and the calcining apparatus 3 by the pipe 7. Water cooled dampers 8 and 9 are
arranged to shut off the incandescent gases from the coking or the calcining
apparatus if desired. The coking apparatus consists of a shaft 10, supported on
nil'ars 11, with a conical bottom 12, and doors 13, for withdrawing the coke. It
is charred with coking material by conveyor 14. The hot gases are introduced
through the annular channel 15, and ducts 16, which are at such a height that the
resistance to the gas upwards and downwards is nearly the same.
Pooh pipe 17.
The gas leaves
The part of the coking apparatus below the ducts 16, is used for producing
ammonia from cyanide and from the nitrogenous compounds of the coke by the

page_text: action of steam and for cooling the coke. The steam is introduced through
numerous pipes 19, and the water through pipes 18.
The coke is crushed and continuously discharged by the rollers 12ª. It drops
into the storage hopper 20, which is connected at the bottom to a conveyor 21,
which delivers the coke into hopper 22. The inlets of gas and steam to the coking
apparatus are arranged at such a height that the resistance to the passage of the
gas upwards and downwards is about the same. Coke can therefore be withdrawn
from the bottom without escape of gas and steam.
The lime kiln 3, consists of a shaft 23, supported on iron pillars 24; it is charged
with limestone from hopper 25, by means of conveyor 26. Hot gases are intro-
duced through the annular channel 27 and ducts 28, which are arranged at such
a height that the resistance offered to the gas upwards and downwards is about
the same.
The burnt lime is withdrawn from the conical bottom 29, through
doors 30, into the storage hopper 31. From 31, the lime is fed into hopper 22
by conveyor 32. The iron ore is fed into the same hopper 22 from hopper 33 by
conveyor 34, and the suitable smelting mixture of lime, iron ore and coke is
obtained by regulating the speed of conveyors 21, 32, 34. This smelting mixture
is elevated into hopper 35, on top of the blast furnace by elevator 36, which dis-
charges into conveyor 37. The latter discharges the smelting mixture into
hopper 35, from which it is fed into the blast furnace by means of conveyor 38.
By this arrangement the operations of coking, calcining the limestone, making
the smelting charge elevating the same and charging it into the blast furnace are
performed automatically.
Instead of using a bell for charging the blast furnace a conveyor 38 is used,
which entirely dispenses with manual labour for charging.
Hopper 33 is so arranged that the iron ore can be dumped into it from railway
cars or from a suitable ore bin.
The water cooled valves 8 and 9 consist of a casing 39, into which water is run
through pipe 40 leaving through pipe 41. The damper 42 is suspended on a
pipe 43, which can be raised or lowered by any convenient means. Water is
introduced into the damper 42 through pipe 44, and leaves by pipe 43, at discharge
pipe 45.
When the coking apparatus 2 and the calcining apparatus 3, are in operation
the dampers 42 are not within reach of the intense heat, being surrounded by
the water cooled casing 39.
In Fig. 2, the coking apparatus consists of a shaft 46, which is preferably
encased with sheet iron 47. From the annular channel 48 the gases enter the
apparatus through ducts 49. Coal is charged into the apparatus from hopper 50,
by conveyor 51. Ammonia is produced in the part of the apparatus below the
entrance of the hot gas by the action of steam introduced by pipe 53, on the
nitrogenous constituents of the coke.
The coke is further cooled with water introduced through pipes 52. In this
form of apparatus, coke is discharged by manual labour, through openings 54 and
doors 55.
The steam introduced in the lower part of the coking apparatus decomposes that
part of the cyanide, which condenses in solid form on the coke and which is
carried down with the coke into the lower part of the apparatus 2NaCN + 3H20=
Na 0+2NH3 +200
As the steam rises through the upper part of the apparatus, it also decomposes
that part of the cyanide to ammonia, which rises in the form of vapour with the
ascending gases. For the purpose of ensuring the presence of sufficient steam
and a complete decomposition of the cyanide, steam can further be introduced
into the upper part of the apparatus as shown in my Specification 7953/98, dated
under International Convention 7 Sept. '97.
The fuel gas containing ammonia which leaves the coking apparatus through
pipe 17, is drawn through a suitable washing apparatus for absorption of tar and
+

page_text: ammonia. As any suitable washer and exhauster can be used, these plants are
not shown in the drawings.
For the purpose of avoiding decomposition of ammonia, it is advisable to draw
the gas and ammonia produced by the action of steam in the lower part of the
coking apparatus, separately from said lower part as shown in my Specifica-
tion 7953, '98, dated under International Convention 7 Sept. 97.
In cases where the cyanide in the blast-furnace gases is to be recovered as such,
no steam is introduced into the coking apparatus.
The gases are then passed through a washer containing a suitable absorbent for
absorbing cyanide. Instead of treating the coke with steam, the cyanide can be
recovered as such by lixiviating the coke, for which purpose the water-lute
arrangement described in my Application 7951/98, is recommended.
The gases from the coking plant contain much less nitrogen than ordinary fuel
gas, and can be carburetted in the usual manner. The tar oils recovered in the
process can be used for this purpose in cases where there is no more profitable
use for them.
It is apparent, that cyanide or ammonia can be recovered by the process from
incandescent gases generated in other apparatus than iron blast furnaces.
If the ore is reduced before being charged into the blast furnace, it is not neces-
sary to pass gas through the upper part of the blast furnace.
All the gases can
then be taken off through the annular channel and can thus be utilized for the
recovery of cyanide by the coking and calcining apparatus.
It may be further stated, that steam can be introduced into the calcining
apparatus in a similar way, as is shown in the coking apparatus 2, for the purpose
of converting the cyanide contained in the incandescent gases into ammonia.
For the recovery of ammonia the gases are conducted from the coking and cal-
cining apparatus through any suitable washing apparatus not shown.
In most cases it is preferable to conduct the gases first through a washer to
remove the tar before removing the ammonia.
For the purpose of increasing the production of cyanide, an alkali may be
mixed with the coking material as described in my Application 7953/98.
It is an important feature of my invention that in addition to the production of
ammonia cyanide and fuel gas in connection with the manufacture of pig iron it
also enables the use of bituminous slack at iron blast furnaces without interfering
with the capacity of said furnaces. The general construction of the apparatus
can be varied, as the case may require to obtain the best results in the process,
without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The method of making coke, which consists in taking hot gases from blast
furnaces, and conducting the same through a body of fuel.
2. The method of producing fuel gas or illuminating gas and by-products,
which consists in taking off hot gases from blast furnaces a short distance above
the tuyeres, and utilizing the heat of the same for the purpose of coking coal.
3. The method of producing cyanide and ammonia from incandescent gases,
containing the same, which consists in passing these gases through carbonaceous
fuel for the purpose of coking the same and removing cyanide and ammonia from
the resulting solid and gaseous products, substantially as described.
4. The method of producing cyanide and ammonia, which consists in taking off
hot gases containing cyanides from furnaces, utilizing the heat of the same for
coking fuel and treating the gases and coke resulting therefrom for the recovery
of cyanides and ammonia.
5. The process of producing cyanides and ammonia, which consists in reducing
iron ore in a separate apparatus, smelting the same in a blast furnace, taking off
gas at a height where little cyanide is destroyed, conducting the said gases through

page_text: coking material for the production of coke, and treating the resulting gases for
the recovery of cyanides and ammonia.
6. The process of producing ammonia from highly heated gases containing
cyanide vapour, which consists in conducting the said gases through a body of
coking material, in the presence of steam and recovering the ammonia from the
resultant gases.
7.-The method of producing simultaneously cyanide or ammonia from atmos-
pheric nitrogen and ammonia and coke from fuel, which consists in producing
iron in blast furnaces, taking hot gas from the blast furnace at a height where little
cyanide is destroyed, conducting the said gases through coking material, recovering
ammonia and cyanide from the resulting gas; treating the resultant coke with
steam, in such a way that cyanide is converted into ammonia, and ammonia is pro-
duced from the nitrogenous compounds of the coal, treating the gases produced by.
the action of steam for the recovery of ammonia.
8. In an apparatus for producing pig iron, cyanide, ammonia, coke and gas,
the combination of a blast furnace having arrangements for taking off incandescent
gases a short distance above the tuyeres with an apparatus for producing coke by
said gases and a washing plant for recovering ammonia and cyanide from the
resulting gases.
9. In an apparatus for producing pig iron cyanide, ammonia, coke and gas, the
combination of a blast furnace, and a coking apparatus consisting of a shaft,
having means for introducing coking materials on the top and withdrawing coke
at the bottom and means for introducing hot gas from the blast furnace at such
a height that coke can be withdrawn from the bottom without escape of gas.
10. In an apparatus for producing pig iron, cyanide, ammonia, coke and gas,
the combination of a blast furnace, a coking and calcining plant and means for
conducting hot gases from the blast furnace through said coking and calcining
plants.
11. The improvement in the manufacture of pig-iron and valuable by-products,
which consists in producing the coke required by the blast furnace continuously
from bituminous coal in a coking apparatus, which works in connection with said
blast furnace, whereby rich gas and valuable by products are obtained.
New York, dated this 14th day of June 1898
PAUL NAEF,
Applicant.