IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND FILTERING WATER
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers,
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND FILTERING
WATER." A communication from abroad by Adolphe Le Tellier,
-
of Brussels, Belgium.
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th July 1874.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for
APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND
FILTERING WATER," (a communication to me from abroad by Adolphe
Le Tellier of Brussels, Belgium,) to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object the purification of water previous to
its use in industrial operations, whether for the various operations of all
kinds where water is used as a washing or dissolving agent assisting in

page_text: production, or as a component of the manufactured product, or to be
used for the feeding of steam generators. Experience and researches
on waters of all kinds destined for industrial uses shew that they vary
much in the proportion of substances they contain in solution or suspen-
sion, according to the soils they have passed through.
By the hydrometrical method the composition of water is determined
at least very proximately. Each hydrometrical degree (French method
of Mess. Boutron and Boudet) of analyzed water represents a tenth of a
gramme of soap, which would first be decomposed for the neutralisation
of the salts dissolved in a litre of water. This soap forms in the water
as pure loss insoluble and perfectly useless clots. An hydrometrical
degree corresponds to a hundredth of a gramme of carbonate of lime in
a litre of water. Waters are by so much harder by so much the more
unfit for various industrial uses, and leave in boilers by so much greater
quantity of deposit and incrustation, as. they shew a higher degree to
hydrometrical analysis. Reciprocally waters, which on hydrometrical
analysis shew a lower degree, are the best, and are those which give the
most economical manufactures the finest quality of products, and leave
the least incrustation and deposit on evaporation in boilers.
The object of this Invention is to purify hydrometrically water before
its use, that is to say, to eliminate from its salts and other compounds,
which cause it to shew a high hydrometrical degree, in order to reduce
it to as low a degree as possible.
The principal salts in solution in water, those which by their qualities
the most heighten the hydrometrical degree, are the neutral carbonate
of lime and bi-carbonate of lime formed by the combination of lime
with carbonic acid, and the sulphate of lime formed by the combination
of lime with sulphuric acid.
If water contained only the neutral carbonate of lime, which it can
dissolve naturally, only small quantities would be found in it, but the
presence of carbonic acid enables it to dissolve more considerable quan-
tities of it. Often water contains in addition an excess of free carbonic
acid. Besides the bodies described, which water holds in solution, it
contains also an indeterminate but often considerable proportions, organic
matters, molecules of sand, clay, detritus, et cætera, in suspension.
The hydrometrical purifying apparatus herein-after described is con-
structed and combined for the elimination as completely as possible by

page_text: means of reaction first, and then of filtration of the carbonates and
sulphates of lime of free carbonic acid, and of all foreign bodies in
suspension.
By mixing with water containing carbonate of lime a certain quantity
of clear caustic lime water the carbonic acid is neutralized, and the
soluble bi-carbonate of lime is brought to the state of insoluble carbonate
of lime which is precipitated. All water containing sulphate of lime is
treated with carbonate of soda. Insoluble carbonate of lime is preci-
pitated, and soluble sulphate of soda remains, which produces no
deposits in boilers, and is harmless in operations. These two methods
of chemical reaction have been in use for a long time; it is not in them
that the Invention consists, but in the arrangement and combination of
apparatus for effecting the various operations necessary for reducing the
hydrometrical degree of water. The apparatus acts on the principle of
dissolving the chemical reagent, proportionally introducing the chemical
reagent to and intimately mixing it with the water to be treated, thus
producing the change of the soluble salts into other insoluble ones pre-
cipitated in the molecular form; elimination of the free carbonic acid
by the mixture of a certain quantity of air which with agitation and
shocks of masses of water thrown into the apparatus draws the carbonic
acid, and escapes with it by a valve ad hoc; and, lastly, filtration which
gives as a definite result purified water free from the salts in solution
and from molecules and insoluble matter either organic or combined.
The hydrometrical purifying apparatus herein-after described enables
operations hitherto confined to the laboratory to be carried out on a
practical scale, and applied industrially.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 represents in vertical section
on the line A, B, of Fig. 2 the hydrometrical purifier with multitubular
filter forming the subject of this Invention; and Fig. 2 is a sectional
plan on the lines C, D, and E, F, of Fig. 1. Both Figures are drawn to
a scale of one-fifth.
The filter forming part of the apparatus is constructed with a number
of compound filtering cylinders, each composed of a metal tube per-
forated with holes for a part of its length, and surrounded by washers
or layers of felt or other filtering material compressed between two plates
by means of a screw. Each of these filtering cylinders considered
separately represents as a surface useful for filtration the developed

page_text: surface of the cylinder, that is to say, the product of the circumference
multiplied by its height. The total power of filtration is the product of
one of these surfaces multiplied by the number of cylinders contained in
the envelope or casing. The purifier is composed of two cylindrical
bodies of sheet iron on the same base of cast iron. G is the vessel where
the previous solution of the chosen chemical agent takes place. At H
are shewn the arrangements for introducing the mass of water to be
treated, that which has to dissolve the reagent, the proportional quantity
of this reagent, and the quantity of air necessary for the withdrawal of
the free carbonic acid. I is the filter where the mixed and precipitated
water agglomerates, and whence lastly it comes out filtered and
purified.
The water to be purified enters the apparatus by a valve or cock J
provided with a stuffing box, as shewn; this valve is worked by the key
K. This tap being opened a part of the water proceeds to fill and feed
the vessel G by the pipe N. It is necessary that the entering water
should have a pressure of about three metres.
The plug of the valve J is hollow, so that the water has a way through
the chamber, which is prolonged by a conical pipe L in which is fitted
as an obturator the conical part M of a spindle, part of which is
threaded and passes through the head of the plug of the valve J which
serves as a nut for it. The spindle is provided with a hand wheel by
means of which the pipe L can be blocked or opened gradually and pro-
portionally to the quantity of water it may be wished to purify. The
vessel G has a cast-iron tube O with cover made readily removeable,
as shewn. By means of this tube a quantity of lime previously slaked
in one and a half times its weight of water is introduced into the
vessel G.
A rod p formed into a spiral spring rests at the bottom of the vessel
G. This rod is provided with a small button, and the upper extremity
of the rod enters the tube N. This spring is to agitate the milk of lime
during the working of the apparatus by the slight movements and
vibrations of the spring caused by the water under pressure acting in a
jet on the button. The cleansing of the vessel G is accomplished by
means of a cleansing tap R communicating with the bottom (Figure 2).
The water arriving under pressure having filled the vessel G, supposing
the obturator M to be open, the overflowing water escapes in the form
of a jet; animated by the speed due to the fall this jet is projected into

page_text: a second pipe or nozzle S which communicates with the vessel G con-
taining the lime water by a pipe provided with a tap T; this is pro-
portionally opened to allow the quantity of clear caustic lime water
necessary for the reaction to pass. This water is in the vessel G under
pressure, and directs itself therefore towards the opened outlet. More-
over, the jet which escapes from the pipe L entering the pipe S forms
behind it a suction which draws the lime water. The pipe S in its turn
directs the jet thus composed of water and lime water into the third
conical pipe U, which is prolonged by an inverted conical pipe abutting
on the tube V, entering the filter. At this moment the section of the
jet is the greatest, its speed is diminished, and its pressure changed.
The mixed jet of water leaving the second pipe S forms behind it a
suction which raises a small valve W and draws with it a certain
quantity of air which has just been added to the composition of the
whole jet in the pipe U. This compound jet enters the filter by the
tube V; it is directed towards the bottom by a tube X, where it meets
as obstacles fixed bars which cross this tube in various directions, so
that the vein of water arriving at the filter I under the initial pressure
is divided and broken on these obstacles. The filter I is filled, and the
filtration takes place by each of the tubes a, a, a, a, a, et cætera; the
filtered product collects in the capacity of the basement Y and flows
away by the tube Z. The filter I is cleaned by the cleansing tap b,
which communicates with the bottom and allows the expulsion of the
residues of filtration and precipitation. On the top of the cover of the
filter I is placed a tube C which encloses a valve d; this valve is pro-
longed by a rod e, on which is placed a float of a certain volume. The
rode is guided at the upper part by the valve d, and below by central
guide at f. This valve works therefore from below upwards; it works
under the force of the interior pressure and under the force of the float,
which only rises with the level of the liquid, so that this valve always
remains open when a sufficient quantity of air or gas occupies a space in
the upper part of the filter I and of the tube c to prevent the liquid
acting on the float.
In apparatus for industrial purposes double fittings may be employed.
In apparatus to purify for feeding steam generators the filters should
be at least four times more powerful than is absolutely necessary because
of the intermittance of the suction, so that the filter of a purifier

page_text: may be able to work for a whole week at least, or even a fortnight,
without being thoroughly cleaned; and the frequent expulsion of the
residues by the cleansing tap will suffice to ensure proper working
during the whole of that period.
The improved multitubular filter may be used alone when it is required
to purify the water by eliminating the matters in suspension, only with-
out acting on the salts in solution.
When the filter is constructed to be used alone the water to be filtered
is led under a certain pressure into the capacity of the filter by the
tube; under the action of that pressure it traverses the filtering mass,
passes through the holes in the cylinders or tubes into their central
conduits, down which it flows into the lower chamber of the filter which
receives the whole of the filtered water which flows out as required by
the exit pipe. This capacity is made sufficiently large, so that even if
it were desired to draw the water by means of a pump no disarrange-
ment of the filtrating mass would ensue, since the suction would act on
the intermediate mass of filtered water in the lower chamber. This
filter will act either under a slight pressure (less than a metre) or under
a stronger one. The pressure, however it be given, is invariably the
motive power of the filtration. By means of the screw of each cylinder
or tube the washers or layers which compose the filtrating mass can
always be compressed, so that the obstacle opposed to the passage of the
water may be proportional to the force of the pressure. The matters
deposited by the water are retained by the filtrating media at the
peripheries, which are vertical. By this arrangement although the
direction of the filtration is horizontal the agglomerated matters after
attaining a certain thickness cannot remain suspended, their weight
causes them to fall to the bottom, when by opening the cleansing trap
they may be evacuated.
To clean the filter each tube is successively taken by the handle at its
upper part, and after the surface of the tube has been submitted to a
washing or exterior brushing the nuts are removed and the filtrating
washers of felt are withdrawn, so as to enable them to be washed in the
most complete manner. Thus the apparatus is efficaciously cleansed,
and after replacing the washers of each tube under the compression of
the screw, and each tube in its bed, the filter is in the same working
condition as if it were new.

page_text: For the filtration of large quantities of water in a given time, such as
the filtration of the feeding water for a town, several sets of apparatus
may be arranged.ina.group or groups.
It will be evident that other constructions of apparatus may be made
to act on the same principle as the arrangement shewn in the Drawings
without, departing; from the distinctive character of this Invention.
SPECIFICATION, in, pursuance of the conditions of the Leiters Patent,
filed by the said William Lloyd: Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th January 1875.
TO; ALE, TO, WHOM THESE PRESENTS: SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
sex; Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Lloyd Wise, Her special
license that I, the said William Lloyd Wise, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Lloyd
Wise, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make;
use, exercise, and' vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel. Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND FILTERING WATER,"
communication to me from abroad by Adolphe Le Tellier, of Brussels,
Belgium, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Lloyd Wise, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to, be: performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within, six, calendar, months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
{

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Lloyd Wise, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, and the Sheet of Drawings therein
referred to (that is to say) -
This Invention has for its object the purification of water previous to
use in industrial operations either for the various operations where water
is used as a washing or dissolving agent, assisting in production, or as a
component of the manufactured product, or to be used for the feeding of
steam generators. Experience and researches on waters of all kinds
destined for industrial uses shew that they vary much in the proportion
of substances they contain in solution or suspension, according to the
soils they have passed through.
By the hydrometrical method the composition of water is determined
at least very proximately; each hydrometrical degree (according to the
French method of Mess. Boutron and. Boudet) of analysed water re-
presents a tenth of a gramme of soap which would be decomposed for
the neutralisation of the salts dissolved in a litre of water; this soap
forms in the water, as pure loss, insoluble and perfectly useless clots.
An hydrometrical degree corresponds to a hundredth of a gramme of
carbonate of lime in a litre of water. Waters according as they register
a high degree to hydrometrical analysis to that extent are hard and
unfit for various industrial uses, and leave in boilers deposit. and in-
crustation. Reciprocally, waters which, on hydrometrical analysis,
shew a lower degree are the best, and are those which give the most
economical manufactures, the finest quality of products, and leave the
least incrustation and deposit on evaporation in boilers.
The object of this Invention is to purify hydrometrically water before
its use, that is to say, to eliminate from its salts and other compounds
which cause it to shew a high hydrometrical degree in order to reduce
it to as low a degree as possible.
The principal salts in solution in water, those which by their qualities
heighten the most the hydrometrical degree, are the neutral carbonate
of lime and the bicarbonate of lime formed by the combination of lime
with carbonic acid, and the sulphate of lime formed by the combination
óf lime with sulphuric acid.

page_text: If water contained only the neutral carbonate of lime, which it can
dissolve naturally, only small quantities would be found in it, but the
presence of carbonic acid enables the water to dissolve more considerable
quantities of the carbonate of lime. Often water contains in addition
an excess of free carbonic acid. Besides the bodies described, which
water holds in solution, it contains also in indeterminate but often con-
siderable proportions organic matters, molecules of sand, clay, detritus,
et cætera in suspension.
The hydrometrical purifying apparatus herein-after described is con-
structed and combined for the elimination, as completely as possible by
means of reaction first, and then of filtration of the carbonates and
sulphates of lime, of free carbonic acid, and of all foreign bodies in
suspension.
By mixing with water containing carbonate of lime a certain quantity
of clear caustic lime water the carbonic acid is neutralized and the
soluble bi-carbonate of lime is brought to the state of insoluble carbonate
of lime which is precipitated. All water containing sulphate of lime is
treated with carbonate of soda, insoluble carbonate of lime is pre-
cipitated, and soluble sulphate of soda remains, which produces no
deposits in boilers and is harmless in operations. These two methods
of chemical reaction have been in use for a long time, it is not in them
that the Invention consists, but in the arrangement and combination
of apparatus for effecting the various operations necessary for reducing
the hydrometrical degree of water. The apparatus acts on the principle
of dissolving the chemical reagent, proportionally introducing the
chemical reagent and intimately mixing it with the water to be treated,
thus producing the change of the soluble salts into insoluble ones pre-
cipitated in the molecular form; elimination of the free carbonic acid
by the mixture of a certain quantity of air, which with agitation and
shocks of masses of water thrown into the apparatus draws the carbonic
acid and escapes with it by a valve ad hoc; and, lastly, filtration which
gives as a definite result purified water free from the salts in solution
and from molecules and insoluble matter either organic or combined.
The hydrometrical purifying apparatus herein-after described enables
operations hitherto confined to the laboratory to be carried out on a
practical scale and applied industrially.

page_text: In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 represents in vertical
section on the line A, B, of Fig. 2, the hydrometrical purifier with
multitubular filter, forming the subject of this Invention; and Fig. 2 is
a sectional plan on the lines C, D, and F, F, of Fig. 1. Both Figures
are drawn to a scale of one-fifth the actual size.
The filter forming part of the apparatus is constructed with a number
of compound filtering cylinders, each composed of a metal tube per-
forated with holes for a part of its length, and surrounded by washers
or layers of felt or other filtering material compressed between two
plates by means of a screw. Each of these filtering cylinders con-
sidered separately presents as a surface available for filtration the
developed surface of the cylinder, that is to say, the product of the cir-
cumference multiplied by its length. The total power of filtration is
the product of one of these surfaces multiplied by the number of cylinders
contained in the envelope or casing. The purifier is composed of two
cylindrical bodies of sheet iron on the same cast-iron base. G is the
vessel where the previous solution of the chosen chemical agent takes
place. At H are shewn the arrangements for introducing the mass of
water to be treated, that which has to dissolve the reagent, the propor-
tional quantity of this reagent, and the quantity of air necessary for the
withdrawal of the free carbonic acid. I is the filter where the mixed and
precipitated water agglomerates, and whence lastly it comes out filtered
and purified.
The water to be purified enters the apparatus by a valve or cock pro-
vided with a stuffing box, as shewn. This valve is worked by the key K.
This valve being opened a part of the water proceeds to feed the vessel
G by the pipe N. It is necessary that the entering water should have a
pressure of about three metres.
The plug J of the valve is hollow, so that the water has a way through
the chamber J¹, which is prolonged by a conical pipe L, in which is
fitted as an obturator the conical part M of a spindle m, part of which
is threaded and passes through the head of the plug J of the valve
which serves as a nut for it. The spindle is provided with a hand wheel,
by means of which the pipe L can be blocked or opened gradually and
proportionally to the quantity of water to be purified. The vessel G
has a cast-iron tube O with cover made readily removeable, as shewn.
By means of this tube a quantity of lime previously slaked in one and a
half times its weight of water is introduced into the vessel G.

page_text: A rod P formed into a spiral spring rests at the bottom of the vessel G.
This rod is provided with a small button or projection P¹, and the upper
extremity of the rod enters the tube N. This spring is to agitate the
milk of lime during the working of the apparatus by the slight move-
ments and vibrations of the spring caused by the water under pressure
acting in a jet on the button. The cleansing of the vessel G is accom-
plished by means of a cleansing tap or cock R communicating with the
bottom (Fig. 2). The water arriving under pressure having filled the
vessel G, supposing the obturator M to be open, the overflowing water
escapes in the form of a jet. Animated by the speed due to the fall this
jet is projected into a second pipe or nozzle S, which communicates with
the vessel G containing the lime water by a pipe S¹ provided with a tap
or valve T. This is proportionally opened to allow the quantity of clear
caustic lime water necessary for the reaction to pass; this water is in
the vessel G under pressure, and directs itself therefore towards the
open outlet. Moreover the jet which escapes from the pipe L entering
the pipe. S forms behind it a suction, which draws the lime water. The
pipe S in its turn directs the jet thus composed of water and lime water
into the third conical pipe U, which is prolonged by an inverted conical
pipe abutting on the tube V entering the filter. At this moment the
section of the jet is the greatest, its speed is diminished, and its pressure
changed.
The mixed jet of water leaving the second pipe S forms behind it a
suction which raises a small valve W, and draws with it a certain
quantity of air which has just been added to the composition of the
whole jet in the pipe U. This compound jet enters the filter by the
tube V. It is directed towards the bottom by a tube X, where it meets
as obstacles fixed bars, which cross this tube in various directions, so
that the vein of water arriving in the filter I under the initial pressure
is divided and broken on these obstacles. The filter I is filled and the
filtration takes place by each of the tubes a, a, a, a, a, et cætera; the
filtered product collects in the capacity of the basement Y, and flows
away by the tube Z.
The filter I is cleaned by the cleansing tap b,
which communicates with the bottom, and allows of the expulsion of the
residues of filtration and precipitation. On the top of the cover of the
filter I is placed a tube c, which encloses a valve d; this valve is
prolonged by a rod e, on which is placed a float g of a certain volume.
The rod e is guided at the upper part by the valve d, and below by a

page_text: central guide at f. This valve works therefore from below upwards; it
works under the force of the interior pressure, and under the force of
the float, which only rises with the level of the liquid, so that this valve
always remains open when a sufficient quantity of air or gas occupies a
space in the upper part of the filter I and of the tube c to prevent the
liquid acting on the float.
In apparatus for industrial purposes double fittings may be employed.
In, apparatus to purify for feeding steam generators the filters should
be at least four times more powerful than is absolutely necessary,
because of the intermittence of the suction, so that the filter of a purifier
may be able to work for a whole week at least, or even a fortnight with-
out being thoroughly cleaned, and that the frequent expulsion of the
residues by the cleansing tap may suffice to ensure proper working
during the whole of that period.
The improved multitubular filter may be used alone when it is required
to purify the water by eliminating the matters in suspension only with-
out acting on the salts in solution.“
When the filter is constructed to be used alone the water to be filtered
is led under a certain pressure into the capacity of the filter by the tube.
Under the action of that pressure it traverses the filtrating mass, passes
through the holes in the cylinders or tubes into their central conduits,
down which it flows into the lower chamber of the filter, which receives
the whole of the filtered water which flows out as required by the exit
pipe. This capacity is made sufficiently large so that even if it were
desired to draw the water by means of a pump no disarrangement of
the filtrating mass would ensue since the suction would act on the inter-
mediate mass of filtered water in the lower chamber. This filter will
act either under a slight pressure (less than a metre) or under a stronger
one. [The pressure however it be given is invariably the motive power
of the filtration. By means of the screw of each cylinder or tube the
washers or layers which compose the filtrating mass can always be
compressed, so that the obstacle opposed to the passage of the water
may be proportional to the force of the pressure. The matters deposited
by the water are retained by the filtrating media at the peripheries,
which are vertical. By this arrangement although the direction of the
filtration is horizontal the agglomerated matters after attaining a certain
thickness cannot remain suspended, their weight causes them to fall

page_text: to the bottom, when by opening the cleansing tap they may be
evacuated.
To clean the filter each tube is successively taken by the handle at its
upper part and after the surface of the tube has been submitted to a
washing or exterior brushing the nuts are removed and the filtrating
washers of felt are withdrawn so as to enable them to be washed in the
most complete manner. Thus the apparatus is efficaciously cleansed,
and after replacing the washers of each tube under the compression of
the screw and each tube in its bed the filter is in the same working con-
dition as if it were new.
For the filtration of large quantities of water in a given time, such as
the filtration of the feeding water for a town several sets of apparatus
may be arranged in a group or groups.
It will be evident that other constructions of apparatus may be made
to act on the same principle as the arrangement shewn in the Drawings
without departing from the distinctive character of this Invention,
The filtering chambers instead of being circular may be of square or
other cross section, and their number may be varied to suit circum-
stances.
Having described the nature of the said Invention of "Improvements
in Apparatus for Purifying and Filtering Water," and having explained
the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, I hereby declare what I consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent to be,-
First. The combination in apparatus for filtering water of a vessel G
fed by a pipe N provided with means for regulating the supply, the said
pipe being arranged in conjunction with a rod P provided with a button
or projection P¹ and forming an agitating spring, as and for the pur-
poses specified.
Secondly. In combination with the tube N and vessel G the chamber
J', hollow plug J, threaded spindle m, obturator M, pipe or nozzle L,
pipe or nozzle S, pipe S¹, tap or valve T and conical pipe U, all arranged
and operating together as and for the purposes specified.
Thirdly. The application to a filter of apparatus, as herein-before
described, for purifying water and feeding it to the filter,

page_text: Fourthly. The constructing filters with compound filtering cylinders
or chambers composed of perforated tubes surrounded by washers or
layers of felt or other filtering material compressed and held in place,
substantially as described.
Fifthly. The combination of parts forming the improved multitubular
filter shewn in the Drawings.
Lastly. The combination of parts forming the combined apparatus for
purifying and filtering water, constructed, arranged, and operating as
shewn in and described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
C. A. FULLARD.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)