IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR SUPPLYING LUBRICANTS TO BORING AND DRILLING TOOLS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, RAPHAEL HUNTER BRANDON, of the firm of Brandon & Sons, of 114ª Queen
Victoria Street London E.C. and 1 rue Laffitte, Paris, France, Engineers and Patent
Agents do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPLIANCES FOR SUPPLYING LUBRICANTS TO BORING AND DRILLING TOOLS "
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
and
These improvements relate to boring tools, especially to such as are used for
boring long or deep holes in metals either vertically or horizontally. It is well
known that according as the hole increases in depth by the boring, the difficulty in
lubricating the cutting end of the drill also increases and the drill runs hot, loses
its temper, wears rapidly and soon gets deteriorated, consequently the bore becomes
rough and ragged instead of smooth for want of lubrification and the oil poured in
to remedy these evil effects is arrested and pushed back by the borings filling the
entire space between the drill and the bore, which borings constantly keep rising
while the drill descends, thus causing a considerable waste of oil without applying
any of it at the point where lubrifation should take place.
The object of this Invention is to overcome this serious difficulty and to provide
a simple and efficient means for constantly feeding the oil or other lubricant in any
required quantity at the extreme cutting end of the drill, no matter how deep the
hole has to be bored, whereby the cut will be smooth, the proper temper of the
drill maintained and its wear greatly reduced, hence economising the time
heretofore wasted in stopping the motion, removing the drill to clean the borings
out of the hole, again inserting the drill and restarting it.
In order that these improvements be clearly understood and easily put into
practice they are hereafter described conjointly with the ten Figures of tho
accompanying Drawing in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a drill chuck with drill attached
adapted for use horizontally in a lathe for drilling holes or it may be considered as
fitted vertically for use in a drilling machine.
Fig. 2 a similar elevation of-the drill chuck inverted with a handle inserted in
the piston for manipulation when filling the oil reservoir.
Fig. 3 a plan of the drill chuck seen in the direction of the arrow
Fig. 1 and
illustrating the mode of maintaining it stationary in a lathe or other machine
while the article to be bored is secured in the revolving chuck of the lathe.

page_text: Fig. 4 an elevation similar to Fig. I mustrating the apprent
to an ordinary ratchet brace.
Fig. 5 & 6 elevations of the upper end of the drill.
Fig. 7 a cross section of the drill through the line x, x, Fig. 5.
Fig.
an elevation in section of a drill stock with drill attached and Fig. 9 a
plan ditto of an improved construction of the oil reservoir and its concomitant
parts.
Fig. 10 an elevation partially in section of a stock provided with its drill and
another system of supplying oil to the same.
In these Figures A. represents the ordinary twist or spiral drill for boring metals
provided at its upper end with a conical head A' which is inserted into the socket
of its chuck. The said 'conical head has a cylindrical portion a' at its junction
with the drill proper and a flattened portion a at its extremo end which fits into a
corresponding hollow in the chuck for solidarising the drill with the chuck or
vice-versa. From the extreme upper end of the drill A to its cutting edge below
is formed an oil channel a which is preferably made by cutting a groove in the
cylindrical surface of the drill and by inserting in the said grooves a fine tubo, as
shown in Fig. 7, which tube is then soldered into the groove and the remaining
space filled with tin or other appropriate metal so as to be flush with the cylindrical
surface of the drill. By this mode of insertion of the tube a, it is completely
protected from injury or wear. For all the larger sizes of drills each drill can be
provided with a conical head A but for smaller drills it is preferable to make the
head of a separate piece with a portion of the oil channel a formed in it
centrally so as to communicate with the oil channel in the socket above in which
head the small drill is secured in any appropriate manner see Fig. 6.
The drill chuck B consists in a hollow cylindrical vessel provided with a
nipple B with a conical hole for receiving and for tightly holding the conical drill
head A and its projection a above see Fig. 1. The nipple B₁ is throaded outside
to receive a packing nut or gland D, by which suitable leather or other packing
rings d. are securely tightened around the cylindrical portion a¹ of the drill
head A'.
C is a fine passage drilled horizontally in the base of the drill chuck B its inner
end consisting in a narrow valve seat opening which can be closed by a needle
valve C and adjusted by its screw c¹ from the outside on applying a screw driver
to its head c'. This horizontal channel c is connected both above and below the
. valve seat by vertical channels c to the interior of the vessel B and the drill
retaining socket in the nipple B¹.
b, bare ribs projecting from the outer surface of the cylinder B for the purpose
of preventing the latter from participating in the rotary motion of the article
being drilled, for which purpose a suitably hooked bar Ğ is used in conjonction
with a stationary support H, see Fig. 3, in which case the drill is pushed forward,
as the hole increases in depth, by the lathe center F while the metal being bored is
affixed to a rotating lathe chuck.
E is the piston fitted within the cylinder B and provided with appropriate
packing e which is held in place and tightened by a nut e' screwed on a central
projection c². On its outer face this piston is provided with a conical central
recess for receiving the conical point F of the lathe; this conical recess is continued
further in by a cylindrical tapped hole which is adapted to receive the threaded
end of a handle I, see Fig. 2, for the purpose hereafter stated. In order to prevent
the piston from being revolved within the cylinder, there is inserted on its
circumference a projecting stud g which slides in a groove b¹ cut in the inner
surface of the cylinder B as the piston is pushed in the cylinder.
The cylinder B serves as a reservoir for the oil or other suitable lubricant which
after withdrawing the piston E is poured in from above, the valve C being closed,
after which the handle I 'is secured in the piston and the latter inserted, in the
cylinder B; during this insertion the air situated above the oil escapes through the
groove b¹ until the piston has been pushed past the end of the groove.. The chuck

page_text: is then preferably inverted, see Fig. 2, in which position any air remaining ascends
to the opening c. The valve C is then slightly opened while the piston is pushed
in the cylinder by the handle I for the purpose of expelling from the cylinder any
such remaining air and of driving the oil through the channel a to the point of the
drill upon which the handle I can be unscrewed and the drill can then be put to
work after having been reinserted as shown in Fig. 1.
During the drilling, the pressure exerted on the center F for the purpose of
causing the drill to penetrate in the metal being bored acts likewise upon the oil in
the cylinder B forcing it through the channel a down to the very cutting edge
of the drill, at the same time the amount of such oil distributed can be regulated
with precision by means of the screw valve C¹ as above described.
Fig. 4 exemplifics the application of this Invention to a ratchet drill. The lathe
center F being simply replaced by the ordinary feed screw F1 and the piston E
modified in shapo for this purpose, as shown clearly in the Drawing.
Fig. 8 & 9 represent a greatly improved construction of the oil chamber and its
concomitant parts. These improvements consist mainly first in providing tho
cylinder B with a brass lining 62 or other inoxydisable metal whereby the
lubricant is maintained in a state of purity and the cleanliness of the apparatus
and oil ways assured, second in adapting to the said cylinder B a charging valve
whereby the same can be replenished partially or entirely at any time without
dismounting any parts of the apparatus, this valve consists in a case h screwed in
the side of the cylinder and containing a small valve i which is impelled towards
its seat by a spiral spring j; when the cylinder has to be recharged with oil or
other lubricant a syringe is made use of, its point being applied against a leather
ring inserted in the face of the case h the pressure on the oil in the syringe drives
back the valve and the oil having thus free access to the cylinder, enters the same
with sufficient pressure to raise the piston therein; on withdrawing the syringe the
valve h is returned to its seat by the spring thus intercepting the return of the oil
by the said valve.
Fig. 10 represents a still simpler method of supplying with oil such self
lubricating twist drills, when the latter are worked in a vertical position; for this
purpose there is screwed or otherwise affixed an oil cup m on the drill chuck B',
the lubricant is allowed to fall drop by drop in this cup from a supply pipe n and
from the cup it is conducted to the lubricating pipe a in the drill by an inclined
passage o.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The lining of brass or other equivalent metal 6 applied as above described
to the reservoir B supplying oil to self lubricating drills as above described
& illustrated in Fig. 8 & 9.
2. The valve in its case has described for the purpose of charging or
replenishing the oil cylinder B as above described and illustrated in Fig. 8 and 9
of the accompanying Drawing.
3. The oil cup m applied to a drill stock or drill A for the purpose of
automatically oiling this latter, when working in a vertical position as above
described and illustrated in Fig. 10 of the accompanying Drawing.
DL: 4th : 1001