IMPROVEMENTS IN TELL-TALES OR APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS ENTERING AND LEAVING TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES, THE DISTANCES TRAVELLED BY SUCH VEHICLES, AND THE LIMITS WITHIN WHICH THE PASSENGERS HAVE TRAVELLED
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustavus Palmer Harding, of Paris, France,
but at present of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELL-TALES OR
APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS
ENTERING AND LEAVING TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES, THE DISTANCES
TRAVELLED BY SUCH VEHICLES, AND THE LIMITS WITHIN WHICH THE
PASSENGERS HAVE TRAVELLED.”
.
Sealed the 16th May 1871, and dated the 7th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustavus Palmer
Harding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th February 1871.
I, GUSTAVUS PALMER HARDING, of Paris, France, but at present of
35, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELL-TALES
OR APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS
ENTERING AND LEAVING TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES, THE DISTANCES
TRAVELLED BY SUCH VEHICLES, AND THE LIMITS WITHIN WHICH THE PASSENGERS
HAVE TRAVELLED," to be as follows: :-
For this purpose I employ a strip of paper or other suitable material,
or it may be a cylinder, upon which I cause three marking or perforating
instruments to act, one of such markers or perforators being operated
by means of a turnstile or its equivalent when a passenger enters a

page_text: vehicle, another marker or perforator being operated by the turnstile
when a passenger leaves a vehicle, whilst the third marker or perforator
is set in motion by suitable gearing from one of the wheels or axles of
the vehicle, and acts to produce a mark or perforation whenever the
vehicle shall have travelled a given distance. Thus by examining the
marks or perforations on the strip of paper or on the cylinder at the end
of a journey the number of passengers, the limits within which they
have travelled, and the entire distance the vehicle has travelled can be
readily ascertained.
The following is the arrangement which I prefer to employ to carry
my Invention into effect:-The turnstile is placed in such a position on
a platform carried by the vehicle that all persons entering or leaving the
vehicle shall be compelled to pass through one and the same side of
the turnstile, the other side being blocked up, whilst the turnstile is
capable of being rotated in either direction. On the axis of the turnstile
is a wheel on which a series of cams or inclines are fixed. These cams
or inclines act on one end of a lever, the other end of which being pro-
vided with a clawker acts on a ratchet wheel to give motion thereto and
to a roller fixed thereon the distance of one tooth whenever a passenger
enters or leaves a vehicle. On the same cam wheel are also fixed a
series of projections which act upon two levers, one of such levers being
operated when the turnstile is rotated in one direction, and the other
being operated when the turnstile is rotated in the reverse direction.
These levers act upon spring or other suitable markers or perforators to
produce a mark or perforation on a strip of paper or on a cylinder
mounted on the roller before mentioned. On this same strip of paper
or cylinder another spring or other marker or perforator is caused to
act to produce a mark or perforation whenever the vehicle shall have
travelled a given distance; and the mode in which I prefer to operate
this third marker or perforator is by means of a worm on one of the
axles of the vehicle, which worm takes into a worm wheel fixed on one
end of an axle, on the other end of which is a scroll-shaped or other
suitable cam, which acts upon a lever to draw away the distance marker
or perforator from the paper or cylinder, and then at given distances
releases or acts upon it to make a mark or perforation. The three levers
operating the markers or perforators are provided with spring-jointed
picces on their ends so as to cause them to act only in one direction.
If desired two turnstiles acting together may be employed instead of
a single turnstile, in which case one of such turnstiles will act upon a

page_text: marker or perforator to indicate when a passenger has entered the vehicle,
and the other turnstile will act upon another marker or perforator to
indicate when a passenger has alighted from the vehicle.
I propose in carrying my Invention into effect to cause the distance
marker to produce a mark or indication on the strip of paper every
given distance previously determined upon (say every half mile or every
mile), which I will hereafter refer to as units of distance; and I propose
to make an uniform charge for each of such units of distance, that is to
say, for every passenger travelling within the limits of only one of such
units a single unit of fare is to be charged, but for every passenger who
shall enter the vehicle within the limits of one unit of distance and
leave it within the limits of another unit of distance, two units of fare
are to be charged, and so on. By reference to the annexed diagram
this will be readily understood. Thus, supposing the distance marker
to produce the central line of marks ( | ), and supposing the entrance
marker to make the upper line of marks (+), and the exit marker to
mark the lower line of marks (-), then on inspecting the strip of
paper at the end of the journey the number of passengers entering and
leaving the vehicle and the number of units of distance within the limits
of which the passengers have travelled may be correctly ascertained.
Thus, supposing the diagram to represent the score of a vehicle during
a single journey, it will be seen that the vehicle has travelled 4 units
of distance, and that within the limits of the first unit of distance
5 passengers entered the vehicle and two left it, thus we have 5 units
of distance travelled by the 5 passengers
Within the limits of the second unit of distance 3 passengers
enter from the first mile or unit of distance and 4 more
enter the vehicle
.
Whilst four leave, thereby leaving in the vehicle 3 to enter
the third unit of distance, within the limits of which 3
more enter
Whilst four leave the vehicle, leaving 2 passengers in the
vehicle to enter the fourth unit, within the limits of which
two more enter
-
Whilst four leave the vehicle.
5
= 7
=
6
=
4
Total
22

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Gustavus Palmer Harding in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th August 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAVUS
PALMER HARDING, of Paris, France, but at present of 35, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Gustavus Palmer Harding, Her special
licence that I, the said Gustavus Palmer Harding, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Gustavus Palmer
Harding, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TELL-TALES OR APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REGIS-
TERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS ENTERING AND LEAVING TRAMWAY CARS AND
OTHER VEHICLES, THE DISTANCES TRAVELLED BY SUCH VEHICLES, AND THE LIMITS
WITHIN WHICH THE PASSENGERS HAVE TRAVELLED," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Gustavus Palmer Harding, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
""
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustavus Palmer Harding, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
For this purpose I employ a strip of paper or other suitable material
or it may be a cylinder upon which I cause three marking or perforating
instruments to act; one of such markers or perforators being operated

page_text: by means of a turnstile or its equivalent when a passenger enters a
vehicle, another marker or perforator being operated by the turnstile
when a passenger leaves a vehicle, whilst the third marker or perforator
is set in motion by suitable gearing from one of the wheels or axles
of the vehicle and acts to produce a mark or perforation whenever
the vehicle shall have travelled a given distance. Thus by examining
the marks or perforations on the strip of paper or on the cylinder at
the end of a journey the number of passengers, the limits within which
they have travelled, and the entire distance the vehicle has travelled can
be readily ascertained.
The following is the arrangement which I prefer to employ to carry
my Invention into effect:-The turnstile is placed in such a position
on a platform carried by the vehicle that all persons entering or leaving
the vehicle shall be compelled to pass through one and the same side
of the turnstile the other side being blocked up whilst the turnstile is
capable of being rotated in either direction. On the axis of the turn-
stile is a wheel on which a series of cams or inclines are fixed. These
cams or inclines act on one end of a lover, the other end of which
being provided with a clawker acts on a ratchet wheel to give motion
thereto and to a roller fixed thereon, the distance of one tooth when-
ever a passenger enters or leaves a vehicle. On the same cam wheel
are also fixed a series of projections which act upon two levers, one
of such levers being operated when the turnstile is rotated in one
direction and the other being operated when the turnstile is rotated
in the reverse direction. These levers act upon spring or other
suitable markers or perforators to produce a mark or perforation on
a strip of paper or on a cylinder mounted on the roller before-men-
tioned. On this same strip of paper or cylinder another spring or
other marker or perforator is caused to act to produce a mark or per-
foration whenever the vehicle shall have travelled a given distance, and
the mode in which I prefer to operate this third marker or perforator is
by means of a worm on one of the axles of the vehicle, which worm
takes into a worm wheel gearing with one end of an axle, on the other
end of which is a scroll shaped or other suitable cam, which acts
upon a lever to draw away the distance marker or perforator from the
paper or cylinder, and then at given distances releases or acts upon it
to make a mark or perforation. The three levers operating the markers
or perforators are provided with spring jointed pieces on their ends so
as to cause them to act only in one direction.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a tramway car having
my Invention applied thereto; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through
the apparatus to a larger scale; Figure 3 is a plan thereof; Figure 4
is a left hand end view of Figure 2; Figure 5 is a cross section on
the line 1, 1, of Figure 2; and Figure 6 is another cross section taken
on the line 2, 2, of Figure 2, and Figure 7 is a diagram of a record
produced by the apparatus.
In applying my Invention to a tramway car, I arrange a turnstile a
at each end of the car, such turnstiles by preference being situated at
one side of the platforms b. On commencing a journey a clerk, time-
keeper, or other official will be required to lock the turnstile which
for the time being is at the front of the vehicle so that no one can
enter or leave the vehicle at that end during the continuance of that
particular journey. Each platform 6 is surrounded by a railing 6', so
that no one can mount on to the platform except by passing through
the turnstile, a suitable standing place being provided for the guard
or conductor either inside or outside the railing, as may be found con-
venient. c is a strip of paper formed into a roll and mounted on the
roller or axis d, which is capable of being readily removed from the
framing e when the paper c is exhausted and replaced with a fresh
roll of paper.
The strip of paper c is passed over the roller f, which
is covered with india-rubber, blanket, or other soft substance, it then
is passed partly around the roller g, to which the end thereof is secured
by being passed into the slit g¹, where it is held by a spring clip g³ in
a similar manner to that employed in calendering machines and as
will be well understood. This strip of paper c is fed forward step by
step always in the same direction on the entrance or exit of a passenger
in the following manner:-On the lower end of each turnstile axle a¹
is fixed a cam a² formed of a series of inclines as shown, then on a
passenger passing through the turnstile a in either direction the cam
a will act on the outer end of a lever h to turn it upon its axis of
motion h¹, and by means of a clawker or driver 2 carried by such lever
h, give motion to a ratchet wheel ƒ fixed on the axis f¹ of the roller.f.

page_text: The axis f¹ on the opposite end thereof to that of the ratchet wheel f' is
provided with a toothed wheel f³ to take into and give motion to the
toothed wheel g³ on the axis of the roller g, thereby causing the paper c
as it is fed forward to be wound upon the roller 9. Then the order to
indicate on the paper when a passenger enters the vehicle, a spring
marker is acted upon by the turnstile in the following manner :-The
spring marker i is carried by a lever ¹, mounted loosely on an axis
of motion e¹, and connected at its lower end by a link or connecting rod 2²
to the lower end of a lever j mounted loosely upon an axis of motion A¹
carried by the brackets A and acted upon at its upper end by a series
of projections or bars a³, to cause such lever j to turn upon its axis
of motion and thereby to draw the spring marker i further away from
the paper c on the roller f and suddenly release such spring marker i,
whereby it will be caused to make a mark or perforation on the paper c
to indicate that a passenger has entered the vehicle, the upper end of
the lever jis provided with a jointed spring piece ³, to enable the projec-
tions or bars a³ to slip past in one direction without operating the lever j.
For the purpose of indicating when a person leaves the vehicle a
spring marker k is operated as follows:- -The spring marker / is carried
by a lever k¹ mounted loosely on the axis of motion e¹ and connected
at its lower end by a link or connecting rod k³ to the lower end of a
lever mounted loosely on the axis of motion A³, and operated by the
projections or bars a³ in a similar manner to the lever j, to cause the
marker k to make a mark or perforation on the paper c every time a
passenger leaves the vehicle, the upper end of the lever being provided
with a jointed spring piece / to enable the projections or bars a³ to slip
past the lever in one direction without operating it; m is a distance
marker which is caused to make a mark or perforation on the paper a,
whenever the vehicle shall have travelled any given distance, but as
shown in the Drawing the apparatus is so arranged as to cause the
distance markers m to make a mark or perforation on the paper c
whenever the vehicle shall have travelled a mile. Motion is given to
each distance marker m in the following manner:-On the axis n of
cach pair of supporting wheels n¹ is fixed a worm n³, which takes into
and gives motion to a worm wheel o which is fixed by means of a key o¹
on the sleeve or hollow axis p¹ formed with or connected rigidly to the
pinion p, the worm wheel o and pinion p revolving loosely on the shaft
or axis 8. The pinion p gives motion to a toothed wheel q mounted on

page_text: 8
the stud or axis q' and fixed rigidly to a pinion q' which gives motion
to a toothed wheel r fixed on the shaft or axis s by means of a pin r
passing through the boss of the wheel r or by other suitable means.
The wheels and pinions o, p, q, q², r, and the shafts are mounted in
bearings formed in a suitable frame t which by rings is kept always
in the same relative position with the shaft or axis n notwithstanding
the rise and fall of the vehicle upon its springs. The other end of the
shaft or axis & is mounted in a swivel u which is supported by its necks
or axes u¹ in bearings formed in the bracket v. On this end of the
shaft is fixed a scroll or other suitably shaped cam s¹, which in one
direction acts upon the outer end of the lever m¹ to depress it, and
thereby draw the marker m further away from the paper on the roller f
until in the revolution of the axis 8 the lever m¹ is caused to slip off tho
nose of the scroll cam s³, and thereby cause the marker m to make a
marke or perforation on the paper c. Each lever m¹ is provided with
a jointed spring piece m² to enable the scroll cam ¹ to pass in the
reverse direction without injuring or operating the marker m. The
various markers and levers are provided with suitable springs and stops,
as shown, to cause them to return to their proper normal position after
having been operated by the various cams, inclines, or projections.
It will be readily understood that two turnstiles acting together may
be employed instead of a single turnstile, in which case one of such
turnstiles will act upon a marker or perforator to indicate on the paper
when a passenger has entered the vehicle, and the other turnstilc will
act upon another marker or perforator to indicate on the paper when a
passenger has alighted from the vehicle, suitable projections or bars a³
being fixed on the axis of cach turnstile for operating the markers or
indicators as will be well understood. This arrangement however is
more complicated without offering any greater advantages than that
previously described.
It will be evident that instead of a strip of paper, a roller or cylinder
may be employed to receive the marks or indications. If this arrange-
ment be adopted the rollers d, f, and g, would be dispensed with and the
cylinder which would take the place of the roller ƒ would require to be
of such a diameter as to be capable of receiving marks or indications of
the greatest number of passengers likely to enter and leave a vehicle
in a single journey. It must be also formed of a material suitable to
receive marks or indications from the various markers employed, I

page_text: however prefer the arrangement shewn in the Drawings, and instead
of employing markers i and k carried by springs, as shewn, such markers
may be fixed rigidly to arms or levers which shall receive a positive
motion, sufficient to cause them to press firmly upon the paper c or the
cylinder, suitable springs being connected to such markers i, k, to take
them back into their normal position after having marked the paper or
cylinder. At the end of each journey, in order to be able readily to
remove the paper containing the score of the journey from the roller g,
I form such roller g with a hole through it to receive a rod or axis g³
which is formed with a head on one end and with a 'hole at the other
to receive a split or other key to hold it firmly in position, thus by
removing the rod or axis g³ from the roller g the latter will be freed
from the frame c, and the paper c may be removed therefrom. The
roller g may then be readily rearranged in position in the frame e after
having had the paper c which has not yet been used fixed in the slit or
opening gas before described. The markers or perforators may be
formed with chisel edges as shewn in the Drawings, or they may be
formed of sharp points arranged in any desired manner to answer the
purpose required, and the apparatus will be enclosed in a suitable lock-
up case as will be well understood. From the foregoing description it
will be seen that in carrying my Invention into effect the distance
marker is caused to make a mark or indication on the strip of paper
(or cylinder) every given distance previously determined upon (say
every half mile or every mile) which I will hereafter refer to as units
of distance, and I propose to make an uniform charge for each of
such units of distance, that is to say, for every passenger travelling
within the limits of only one of such units a single unit of fare is to be
charged, but for every passenger who shall enter the vehicle within the
limits of one unit of distance and leave it within the limits of the next
> unit of distance, two units of fare are to be charged and so on.
By reference to the diagram shewn at Figure 7 this will be readily
understood. Thus, supposing the distance marker m to produce the
central line of marks ( | ), and supposing the entrance marker i to make
the lower line of marks (+) and the exit marker k to make the upper
5 line of marks (-), then on inspecting the strip of paper at the end of
the journey the number of passengers who have entered and left the
vehicle, and the number of units of distance within the limits of which
the passengers have travelled may be correctly ascertained. Thus,

page_text: supposing the diagram, Figure 7, to represent the score of a vehicle
a single journey it will be seen that the vehicle has travelled
of distance, and that within the limits of the first unit of d
6 passengers entered the vehicle and four left it, thus w
6 units of distance, within the limits of which the 6 passenge
travelled
'
-
-
Within the limits of the second unit of distance 2 passengers
enter from the first mile or unit of distance and three more
enter the vehicle
Whilst four leave thereby, leaving in the vehicle one to enter
the third unit of distance, within the limits of which four
more enter
-
"
Whilst four leave the vehicle, leaving one passenger in the
vehicle to enter the fourth unit of distance, within the
limits of which 8 more enter-
Whilst four leave the vehicle, leaving five passengers in the
vchicle to enter the limits of the fifth unit of distance,
within which six more enter
and eleven leave the vehicle
->
-
-
2-
1-
1-
5.
Thus it will be seen that 27 passengers have entered and left the
vehicle which has travelled within the limits of five units of distance,
and that the 27 passengers have jointly travelled within the limits of 36
units of distance during the journey.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the s
mode in which I propose to carry the same into effect, I would have
it understood that what I do claim is,―
First. The novel combination and arrangement of three markers or
perforators for producing marks or indications on a strip of paper or on
a cylinder, one of such markers being employed to indicate the number
of passengers entering a vehicle; another being employed to indicate
the number of passengers leaving the vehicle; and the third being
employed to indicate the distance travelled by such vehicle, substantially
as herein shown and described.
Secondly. I claim the novel arrangement and combination, consisting 3
of a turnstile, on the axis of which are fixed suitable cams and projections
for giving motion to mechanism which operates the entrance and exit

page_text: markers, and the feed motion to the strip of paper, or to the cylinder, so
that the levers or apparatus for operating the entrance and exit markers
shall act only in the required directions, and so that the paper shall be
fed forward step by step always in the same direction, substantially as
herein shown and described.
And, thirdly. I claim the novel combination and employment of
mechanism operated by the axles of the supporting wheels to give
motion to distance markers (in combination with entrance and exit
markers), and so arranged that cach of the distance markers shall be
operated only when the vehicle is travelling in a given direction, in
manner substantially as herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustavus Palmer Harding, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
Witness,
B. J. B. MILLS,
Patent Agent,
35, Southampton Buildings,
London.
G. P. HARDING. (L.S.)