IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BOWER ST.
CLAIR, of Manchester Street, Manchester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of June, in the ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Bower St. Clair, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Bower St. Clair, my
exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Bower St. Clair,
my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Bower St. Clair, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Bower St. Clair, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to

page_text: the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:--
The Invention consists of apparatus to be employed in the manufacture of
sugar.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Under these plates (3) are
the liquid is in the troughs to a
At the space between the top of the
In this apparatus the heat is applied in a new manner; the heat being
caused to act upon the upper surface of saccharine liquids after they have
been filtered and prepared to a convenient degree of concentration, as will be
fully described. The apparatus consist of a furnace (1) communicating with
a chimney (14), the flue to which is constructed of fire bricks with a register
the regulate the draft of flame. At the base of this arch (15), over the
furnace, are bars (2) of iron, by which that arch is supported; these bars
(2) 2), also support the plates (8) 8) 8).
placed troughs or cauldrons (4) 4) 4);
certain height from the top $
cauldrons and the under side of the plates (3) is a frame (5) to retain the
heat, in order that the heat may be retained as much as possible to act only
upon the liquids in the cauldrons, and the vapour arising from the liquids in
the cauldrons is directed out from the sides of the furnace by a horizontal
plate (7), and on the sides of the cauldron the two sides (8) and (9) are at
the upper part slightly inclined, so as to be closed by the projecting plates
(10), (11), and the two wider sides of the caldron I prefer to be slightly
higher than the two other sides. There are troughs (17), (17), for water to
cool the vessel towards the end of the process. (12), (12), are iron columns
aiding to support the bars (2), (2), and the arched roof (13). Between each
of the plates there are other iron plates (15); beneath them there are other
plates (16) aiding to keep in the heat. When I wish to obtain chrystalli-
zation in the cauldrons (4), (4), I do so by placing a wood plank (18) in the
interior of the cauldrons; the wood for this purpose should be discolored, and
all its resinous qualities removed from it, otherwise the sugar would be
affected. When it is desired to increase the rapidity of the evaporation, the
boiler or trough should be entirely closed, and an opening (19) is to be made
in the plate (5), to which is adapted a tube leading into a condensor.
(20), (20), are cross rods attached to the upright (12), (121); there are
other cross bars connected 'to the uprights 12, 121, which are placed opposite
to each other the whole length of the apparatus. 21 is a metal tie, to
support the brickwork of the arch 13; this tie rests upon the upright 12, 121.
The spaces between these plates are filled up with fire-brick and clay, and

page_text: the metal plate may be removed when required, without having to take down
the archwork. 23 are rails, and 24 wheels, attached to the boilers or troughs,
by which means the boilers are drawn out from under the fire bars when
required. 25 is. a small opening in one of the sides to ascertain the state of
the process of concentration as it goes on. It will be seen by the Drawing
that the flame passing the fire passes through the flue 26 before it ascends up
the chimney. I would remark that I do not confine myself to the precise
dimensions or details herein given, or to the number of boilers or vessels used,
and in the Drawings I have marked the different parts wherever they occur
with the same letters of reference. In combining the concentration of liquids
which should precede the last evaporation done with the system of evaporation
which I have described, the two last boilers may be dispensed with, and a new.
mode of evaporation employed. These two system combined, as is shown in
the Drawing No. 2, in which the heat is communicated to the upper part of
the surface of the syrup for the purposes of concentrating it through the.
medium of a metallic plate, and not under the pan or boiler, as in the usual
plan. The economy of the process arises from the employment of a series of
vessels of different temperature; the heat which is carried from one to the
other of these vessels gives off.its. caloric. These vessels are in communi-
cation with the liquid, and the liquid flows in these vessels in the opposite
direction to the flame or heat from the fire.
Figure 1 shows a vertical and longitudinal section of the apparatus, showing
one side of it, and Figure.2 is a plan of the same. In these Figures the
same parts are marked with the same letters. The liquid to be concentrated
is to be placed in the vessels A, B, C, and D; there is a cominunication
between these vessels by means of a bent tube a, a, b, b, and the cock c.
These bent tubes prevent the escape of the heat from one vessel to another.
E is the fireplace; F, the reverberatory furnace. The heat from the
furnace passes from one vessel to another before it passes. away up the
chimney G; the heat from the furnace acts upon the line of the vessel 'D
across the metal plate. This plate is a small distance above the liquid con-
tained in the vessel. The sides of the vessel D are preserved from the direct
action of the heat from the furnace by means of washers, or other means may
be employed for a similar purpose; the heat then passes successively through
he middle of the vessels A, B, and C, coming in contact with their lateral
sides. The vessels are supplied with syrup in the ordinary manner into the
esse A, furthest from the fire; from thence it passes into the vessels B, C,
nd D. H, H, are small vessels introduced into the other vessels, which
lecreases the size of the vessels in which the liquid is placed; they are so
ormed as to expose a great heating surface, and by the use of these formed

page_text: vessels the production of molasses is prevented, and by keeping up a regular
current of heat, the sugar particles are prevented from adhering to the sides
of the vessel. Into these vessels H, H, is placed a quantity of lead or sand,
so as to increase their weight. In the middle of these vessels is a tube, and
which leaves an annular space between them and the vessels, so that the
liquid may circulate around them. These vessels H are kept in the centre of
the other vessels by small projecting pieces, and they have at the upper part of
them a hook for the purpose of removing them when required. f. f. are cocks
for shutting off the communication between the different vessels when required;
c¹ is a cock for supplying the vessel D; 9, 9, are cocks for drawing off the
liquid from the vessels when they are ready for filtering or or the vessels are
required to be cleaned out; L, L, is a tube, through which the vapour from
the vessels D pass up the chimney; J is a slide valve, through which cold air
is admitted into one series of vessels whilst emptying one set, whilst the fire
is directed to the other. The vessel D is moveable, mounted upon rollers,
which run upon the rails h, h. In place of one vessel D, as shewn in the
Drawing, 2 may be employed, placed one on each side of the furnace, by
which means much loss of time may be saved in the working.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details herein shown, so long as the character of the Invention
be retained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Bowen St. Clair, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
ALEXANDER BOWER (L.S.) ST CLAIR.
Taken and acknowledged by Bower
St Clair (party hereto), at Wilkonier,
in the Empire of Russia, this day
of November, 1845, before me,
The Marechal of the Nobility,
FELIX DOWMONT SIESICKI.
Enrolled the Twenty-sixth day of December, in the year of our Lor