IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GOFFERING, FLUTING. SHAPING, EMBOSSING, AND CONNECTING TOGETHER LACE, RIBBONS, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO EN MO MILD STEADING AND CARRIGATING OR MOMAZO" PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hesketh Hughes, of Homerton, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR GOFFERING, FLUTING. SHAPING, EMBOSSING, AND CONNECTING TOGETHER LACE,
RIBBONS, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
EN MO MILD STEADING AND CARRIGATING OR MOMAZO"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hesketh Hughes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1860.
I, HESKETH HUGHES, of Homerton, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR GOFFERING, FLUTING. SHAPING. EMBOSSING, AND CONNECTING
TOGETHER LACE, RIBBONS, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE SHAPING AND CORRUGATING OF METALS," to be
as follows:-
The object of the first part of my Invention is to goffer, flute, or otherwise
shape two or more pieces of lace, ribbon, or other like material, to connect the
two or more pieces together, and emboss them (if required) under one
operation, and in the same machine. This is accomplished by employing an
endless chain or chains (similar to that described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me the 15th of May 1844, No. 10,186), carrying a double
set of pattern formers, the lower set goffering or fiuting one side or section of
each piece of lace or other material, while the upper set goffers or flutes the

page_text: other sides of the materials. The upper set of pattern formers is arranged in
such manner that it has a to-and-fro lateral motion imparted to it in order
that the upper set may escape one material and take up the other. The ends
of the pattern formers carry tail pieces, which work in guides at the side of
the machine, and receive motion from the rotation of the endless chains.
Rollers or endless chains for pressing the two materials together at or about
their central part come into operation after they have been goffered, and press
a gummed cotton thread, which is led from a bobbin through the machine,
between the two materials, and as the materials are pressed, so the gummed
thread holds them together, and they issue from the machine in one piece
as a rouche or cap front, according to the material operated on.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to produce gofferings or
flutings of varying sizes on lace or other like material, and for this purpose
I remove or cut away a portion of the central part of the leaves or pattern
formers, according to the shapes I wish the goffer or flute to assume. And in
order that the material may work uniformly, I place other pattern formers
between those before mentioned, only extending the length of the part cut
away, in order that they may take up the same amount of material as that
which passes over the uncut part of the pattern former. By increasing or
decreasing the length of the pattern formers, an immense number of patterns
may be produced.
The pattern formers are free to slide in guides or otherwise in this
machine, in a similar manner to that in which they slide in the machine
just described.
The embossing of the material is produced by leaves attached to the
pattern formers or working on a distinct chain, which leaves come into
operation and emboss the material after it has been goffered, the said leaves
working in guides in a similar manner to the tail pieces of the paltern
formers. Rollers can be substituted for the leaves attached to the pattern
formers, in order to produce the embossing of the material. The counter-
part of the design engraved on the rollers must be sunk in one of the sets
of pattern formers, to insure accuracy; this is not necessary when velvet
is operated upon.
The object of the third part of my Invention is to connect or run together
two pieces of lace, blond, or other material; and for this purpose I employ a
set of leaves, which have an up-and-down motion imparted to them by the
guides at the side of the machine, similar to those before described in com-
bination with a fixed wave-shaped needle, mide to correspond with the motion
imparted to the leaves by the guides. This needle carries a thread, so that as

page_text: the machine works the materials follow the shape of the needle, and the
thread is run through them.
The object of the 4th part of my Invention is to shape or corrugate metal;
and for this purpose I construct a machine similar to that described with
reference to the first part of my Invention, and pass wire or iron through the
machine, which becomes bent in a similar manner to lace when goffered or
fluted. As the wire leaves the machine, it is divided by circular shears or
other suitable contrivances or not. Patterns in ornamental wire for trellis
work, gardens, and other useful purposes may be made by this machine. By
altering the shape of the leaves or pattern formers, sheet iron can be corrugated
and grooved, and a number of other ornamental and useful designs can be
produced in metal by the same machine. To corrugate sheet iron of con-
siderable thickness, I employ a framing of cast iron, passing through each of
the chains, which forms a table or base, over which the chains revolve; these
tables are in two parts, having set screws to adjust the chains tightly. The
leaves or pattern formers have lugs or links, by which they are rivetted
together. Between each lug or link I place friction rollers. The chains are
driven by pinions taking hold of the pattern formers or leaves, The pinions
revolve on their axis, and take their bearings in the outer framing, and in the
ends of the tables before described. Sometimes I groove and press down the
iron.after it is corrugated by means of levers attached to the chains acted on
by eccentrics or rollers geared to the pinions. These levers work in grooves
made in the leaves, as hereiu-before described with reference to lace or like
materials, and thereby add greatly to the strength of the iron. It is necessary
when it is very thick to make it red hot before pressing it through the machine.
A guide is fixed to the front of the machine, to insure the passing of the
plates uniformly and square, and it is necessary to cut the plates square
before they are corrugated or ornamented. In some cases I use the
arrangement of pattern formers or leaves described in the second and third
parts of my Invention, but in addition to the guide plates I use eccentric
rollers to lift the pattern formers, which are suitably geared to pinions and
of proportionate strength.
The fifth part of my Invention consists in making the leaves in cast iron
of the desired shape, with an oblong or slotted hole cast therein to receive
the wires which connect the chains together, and to make the wires occupy
the proper part of the hole. I use pieces of tubes of a suitable diameter
to insure the equal spacing of the leaves.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Hesketh Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, HESKETH
HUGHES, of Homerton, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Hesketh Hughes, Her special licence that I, the said Hesketh Hughes, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Hesketh
Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
GOFFERING, FLUTING, SHAPING, EMBOSSING, AND CONNECTING
TOGETHER LACE.
RIBBONS, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO THE SHAPING AND CORRUGATING OF METALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Hesketh Hughes, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hesketh Hughes, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
The object of the first part of my Invention is to goffer, flute, or otherwise
shape two or more pieces of lace, ribbon, or other light material to connect the
two or more pieces together, and emboss or indent them (if required) in the
same machine and under one operation. This is accomplished by employing
an endless chain or chains (similar to that described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me the 15th May 1844, No. 10,186), carrying a double
set of pattern formers, the lower set goffering or fluting one side or section of

page_text: each piece of lace or other material, while the upper set goffers or flutes the
other sides of the materials. The upper set of pattern formers is arranged in
such manner that it has a to-and-fro lateral motion imparted to it in order that
the upper set may escape one material, and take up the other; the ends of
the pattern formers carry tail pieces which work in guides at the side of
the machine, and receive motion from the rotation of the endless chains.
Rollers or endless chains for pressing the two materials together at or about
their central part come into operation after they have been goffered, and press
a gummed cotton thread which is led from a bobbin, through the machine,
between the two materials, and as the materials are pressed so the gummed
thread holds them together, and they issue from the machine in one piece
as a rouche or cap front according to the material operated on.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to produce gofferings or
Hutings of varying sizes on lace or other like material; and for this purpose I
remove or cut away a portion of the central part of the leaves or pattern
formers according to the shape I wish the goffer or flute to assume, and in
order that the material may work uniformly, I place other pattern formers
between those before mentioned, only extending the length of the part cut
away in order that they may take up the same amount of material as that
which passes over the uncut part of the pattern former. By increasing or
decreasing the length of the pattern formers an immense number of patterns
may be produced. The pattern formers are free to slide in guides or otherwise
in this machine in a similar manner to that in which they slide in the machine
just described. The embossing of the material is produced by leaves attached
to the pattern formers or working on a distinct chain, which leaves come into
operation and emboss the material after it has been goffered, the said leaves
working in guides in a similar manner to the tail pieces of the pattern formers.
Rollers can be substituted for the leaves attached to the pattern formers in
order to produce the embossing of the material. The counterpart of the
design engraved on the rollers must be sunk in one of the sets of the pattern
formers to ensure accuracy; this is not necessary when velvet is operated upon.
The object of the third part of iny Invention is to connect or run together
two pieces of lace, blond, or other material, and for this purpose I employ a
set of leaves which have an up-and-down motion imparted to them by the
guides at the side of the machine, similar to those before described, in
combination with a fixed vave-shaped needle made to correspond with the
motion imparted to the leaves by the guides. This needle carries a thread
so that as the machine works, the materials follow the shape of the needle,
and the thread is run through them.

page_text: The object of the fourth part of my Invention is to shape or corrugate
metal, and for this purpose I construct a machine similar to that described
with reference to the first part of my Invention, and pass wire or iron through
the machine, which becomes bent in a similar manner to lace when goffered
or fluted. As the wire leaves the machine it is divided by circular shears or
other suitable contrivances or not; patterns in oruamental wire for trellis
work for gardens and other useful purposes may be made by this machine. By
altering the shape of the leaves or pattern formers, sheet iron can be corru-
gated and grooved, and a number of other ornamental and useful designs can
be produced in metal by the same machine. To corrugate sheet iron of
considerable thickness, Iemploya framing of cast iron passing through each of
the chains which forms a table or base over which the chains revolve; these
tables are in two parts having set screws to adjust the chains tightly. The
leaves or pattern formers have lugs or links by which they are rivetted
together between each lug or link I place friction rollers. The chains are
driven by pinions taking hold of the pattern formers or leaves; the pinions
revolve on their axes, and take their bearings in the outer framing and in the
ends of the tables before described. Sometimes I groove and press down the
iron after it is corrugated by means of levers attached to the chains acted on
by eccentrics or rollers geared to the pinions. These levers work in grooves
made in the leaves as herein-before described with reference to lace or like
materials, and thereby add greatly to the strength of the iron. It is neces-
sary when the iron is very thick to make it red-hot before passing it through
the machine. A guide is fixed to the front of the machine to insure the
passing of the plates uniformly and square, and it is necessary to cut the plate
square before they are corrugated or ornamented. In some cases I use the
arrangement of pattern formers or leaves described in the second and third
parts of my Invention, but in addition to the guide plates I use eccentric
rollers to lift the pattern formers, which are suitably geared to pinions and
of proportionate strength.
The fifth part of my Invention consists in making the leaves in cast iron of
the desired shape with an oblong or slotted hole cast therein to receive the
wires which connect the chains together, and to make the wires occupy the
proper part of the hole I use pieces of tubes of a suitable diameter to insure
the equal spacing of the leaves.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a sectional elevation, and
Figure 2 a plan, of so much of a machine for goffering, fluting, shaping, and
otherwise operating upon lace and other materials, as will be necessary to
explain the manner in which I carry my Invention into effect; a, a', are two

page_text: endless chains working round pinions formed in a piece with spindles b, b', and
each carrying a double set of pattern formers, those marked c, c, being con-
nected by arms to the endless chain a¹; and those marked d, d, by arms in a
similar manner to the chain a; e is a guide for leading the fabric to the machine,
and for keeping the gummed thread before mentioned in proper position;
this guide is seen in front elevation in Figure 3, which view also shows two
of the pattern formers with the spindle and pinions for communicating motion
to them; ffare slots for the passage of the fabric, and g is a hole between these
two slots for the passage of the gummed thread. The upper set of each of the
pattern formers passes between the slots f, f, as shown by the dotted lines
in Figure 3, in order to seize the fabrics and keep them apart, while the
gummed thread passes between them, and at the same time each set of
pattern formers, viz., the set c, c, and the set d, d, take their respective
fabrics to be operated on, as will be hereafter more clearly described. The
fabrics with the gumined thread between them are seen entering the machine
in Figure 1, and on following the course of the fabric it will be perceived that
the pattern formers marked 4, d, goffer or flute one side of each fabric,
while those marked c, c,goffer or flute in a similar manner the other side; thus
two pieces of fabric are goffered, fluted, or otherwise shaped at the same time.
It is evident that by changing the position and altering the shape of the
pattern formers an immense number of patterns can be produced, or by using
only one fabric the double set of pattern formers will produce a double goffer,
The manner in which the pattern formers are caused to advance to take the
fabric is shown in the detached view, Figure 4; b shows one of the spindles
before described,made in a piece with pinions round which the endless chains
revolve; is a cam collar loose on the shaft b, and formed in a piece with a
pinion round which a chain passes to a similar pinion mounted on a shaft h³,
extending across the machine and passing through the middle of the chains,
carrying at its other end a similar pinion round which another chain passes
to a cam collar as before, and this is repeated at the three other corners of the
front of the machine, two for each double set of chains; the shaft/' carries
a pinioni in gear with a cogged wheel keyed to the shaft b; thus as the
shaft b revolves,it,through the wheel,pinion i,and chain,communicates a very
quick rotary motion to the cam collar h. The pattern formers are prepared
to be thrown forward by means of a cam fixed to the side of the machine.
This collar is shown in Figure 3, with the lug <r tail piece, of one of the
pattern formers inserted in the spiral groove; when this takes place the quick
rotary motion of the cam collar causes the lug to follow the course of the
aforesaid groove, and consequently throws or jerks forward each pattern

page_text: former in succession between the slots in the guide e, as before described,
and this takes place for each set of pattern formers as they respectively
approach that end of the machine where they receive the fabric. When the
pattern formers have travelled a shortdistancethrough the machine theyabut,
or their lugs or tail pieces act on an inclined plane or planes, cam or cams, by
which means the pattern formers are caused to reced into or about the
positions shown in the Plan,Figure 2,until they have travelled round; and are
again brought into action as before, and so on. The inclined planes are so
arranged that one set of pattern formers begins to recede before the other, in
order to lessen the friction as much as possible on the material caused by the
receding or drawing action of the pattern formers. The fabrics are connected
together with the gummed thread in the following manner:-m is an endless
chain extending from end to end of the machine, and passing round a pinion
on the shaft. 1. The chain carries embossers or pressers m, n, the top edges
of which are formed with V-grooves, as seen at o, in Figure 3; p is a guide
having a knife-like edge, which after the pattern formers have left the fabric
comes into action, and presses or indents the central part of the fabric into the
V-groove; is another guide similar to the other, only extending to the rear
end of the machine, which presses the second fabric on to the first with the
gummed thread between, by which means the two fabrics are permanently
connected together, the guide y keeping the said fabric in the V-grooves,
and maintaining the parts from ungumming until it issues dry and finished
from the machine.
Figure 5 is a view of a pattern former I employ for shaping cap fronts; it
is similar in every respect to those before described, with the exception thatit
carries only one pattern former instead of two; Figure 6 is an end view of so
much of a machine for the manufacture of cap fronts, as will be necessary to
explain the manner in which I carry that operation into effect; Figure 7
is a side elevation, and Figure 8 is an end view,of two plates connected by links
forminga chain, which I employ in connectionwith the said machine; Figure?
is a side elevation of the lower half of that part shown at Figure 6; r,, is
a chain of the form shown in Figure S, and consisting of plates of metal held
together by links. These plates serve to fold a portion of the fabric goffered
into the required shape for forming a cap front; these chains pass round
pulleys or star wheels s, s, one only of which is shown in the Drawing. The
plates forming this chain are of any desired form according to the shape to be
given to the front; u is a fixed V-shaped guidethrough which a strip of bobbin
net, ribbon, or other suitable material passes to form the band of the cap front
t is a guide knife of a somewhat similar construction to the guide marked

page_text: in the machine just described; it is place between the chain r., and extends
somewhat beyond it, which causes the goffered material as it advances to be
forced up between the plates of the chains, and thereby impart to the edges of
the cap front a shape corresponding to that of the edges of the chains; u, v, are
pressers acted on by cams or inclined planes, which come into action after the
front has been pressed up between the chains in such manner as to press the
guide u on each side, which closes up the band, and finally the goffered
material into the shape of a cap front, which leaves the machine nearly as may
be finished. In this and in the machine before described gas is used for the
purpose or giving a set to the fabric and drying the materials. I prefer to
form the slides for carrying pattern formers of thin steel, so that they may not
occupy more space than that taken up by the fabric being goffered; by this
means I am enabled to lay each goffer side by side so that they touch each
other in the machine.
Figure 10, Sheet 2, is a perspective view of two pattern formers in which
the centre part is cut away in order to leave the centre part of the material
ungoffered or not so deeply goffered as the other parts, or that other pattern
formers
s may come between those parts cut away, and thereby form gofferings
of a different or varying form to that of the other parts. Figure 11 is a
perspective view of a pattern former, which is used as a counterpart to the
pattern former shown at Figure 10; a, a', are the pattern formers with their
central parts cut away, as shown at b, b¹; c is another pattern former between
the pattern formers a,a¹; d,d', are other pattern formers forming a counterpart
to those marked b, b1, and c, and when the said pattern formers d, ¹, are in
operation, they are above and come between the others, in order to partially
goffer or otherwise ornament the material, as before stated. In some cases I
engrave or otherwise ornament the surfaces of the pattern formers in this as
well as in the other pattern formers previously described. When the pattern
formers just described are used for embossing as well as fluting or goffering,
they are employed in combination with those about to be described.
Figure 12 is a side elevation, and Figure 13 an end view, of an arrangement
of pattern formers illustrating the manner in which I carry the third part of
my Invention into effect; e, c,are frames for supporting the pattern formers i,i.
f.f, f, are tubes between the frames e, e, and the links h, hi; g is a rod
running through the tubes and rivetted at the ends to secure it; the tubes are
spaced or cut off at a proper length in order to suit the distances between the
links h, h, and the frames e, e¹. The pattern formers are free to move up and
downin groovesk,k,formed in the frames, which motion is regulated by guides
at the side of the machine acting on projections 1, 1, formed on the ends.of

page_text: the pattern formers. These guides are made of a wave-like form in order to
cause the motion of the; pattern carriers to correspond with that of the wave
shaped needle passing through the hole m, and which is intended to connect
together. two pieces of lace or other material, as berein-before described.
Figure 14 shews in side elevation, and Figure 15 in end view, the pattern
former which I adopt for shaping metals, such as trellis work, button shanks,
&c. n, n, are the two pattern formers, formed by preference of steel. The
arrangement shown at Figure 14 shows a piece of wire bent into an ordinary
goffer, as shown in Figure 16. Figure 15 shows an arrangement by which
wire will be bent into the form shewn at Figure 17. Figure 18 shows wire
bent into such a form that when cut through the line a, y, will form, as before
described, button shanks.
Figure 19 shows in side elevation, with the pinion in section,so much of an
endless chain formed for corrugating inetals, as herein-before described, as
will be necessary to illustrate the fourth part of Invention.
my
Figure 20 shews in end view a small portion of the machine in order to
render as clear as possible the manner in which it acts; A is one endless chain
revolving round pinions B,B,one only of which is shown in the Drawing; C,C,
are the pattern formers made in a piece with lugs which are linked together:
by means of bolts or rivets a, a, to form the chain as shown in part at
Figure 19.
A chain similar to the one just described works beneath the
one shown, the pattern formers of which work beneath those in the upper
chain; D,D,are hollow bearings through which the shaft for communicating
motion to the chains passes. This shaft extends outside the machine and
carries a cog wheel E, gearing into a similar wheel mounted on a shatt for
communicating motion to the lower chain, as seen in the partial end view,
Figure 20. The tables F extend across the machine; one of them is shown
in Figure 19 abutting against the pinion B; it is fitted with set screws, by
which means the chains are stretched firmly into their bearings, and thereby
prevent any spring or motion in the pinions. A table similar to the one just
mentioned is placed at the other end of the chain, as also in the lower chain.
The pattern formers carry levers attached to their sides similar in construction
to those described with reference to Figures 10 & 11, but made of a strength
suitable to the work they have to perform; metal is led between the chains
from the table, and as it passes between the pattern formers becomes corru
gated or otherwise shaped according to the form of pattern former; Figure 21
illustrates the fifth part of my Invention.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my improve:

page_text: ments in machinery for goffering, fluting, shaping, embossing and con-
necting together lace, ribbons, and other like materials, parts of which
improvements are also applicable to the shaping and corrugating of metals,―
First, the employment of an endless chain or chains carrying a double
set of pattern formers, the lower set goffering, fluting, or otherwise shaping
one side or section of each piece of fabric while the other set acts in a similar
manner on the other side of the said fabric, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated at Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the employment of a gummed thread in combination with a guide
or guides by which two pieces of fabric are connected and held together
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Third, the forming of the pattern formers with tail pieces or lugs which
take into guides formed in a cam collar or other appliance for causing the
said pattern formers to close up and receive the material substantially in
the manner herein-before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4
of the accompanying Drawing.
Fourth, the employment of inclined planes or cams for causing the pattern
formers to recede and release the fabric after it is goffered, fluted, or other-
wise operated on in such manner that one set of pattern formers leaves the
said fabric before the other, as herein-before particularly described with
reference to Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, the construction of pattern formers with only one shaper or former
instead of two for forming cap fronts or rouches, as herein-before described
with reference to Figure 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, the employment of a chain or chains having an uneven or varied
surface or surfaces in combination with a guide and guide knife, pressers,
and other appliances for the manufacture of rouches or cap fronts in the
manner herein-before described, and illustrated at Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9
of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh, the forming of pattern formers with their central part cut away,
having their surfaces engraved or not for the purpose of embossing or
otherwise ornamenting the fabric in combination with counterparts or
other pattern formers, in order to goffer or flute fabrics at different parts,
as herein-before described and illustrated at Figures 10 and 11, Sheet 2,
of the accompanying Drawings.
in
Eighth, the employing of guides for imparting an up-and-down or undu-
lating motion to the pattern formers, which are free to work in grooves
combination with a wave-shaped needle, the motion of which corresponds

page_text: with that of the pattern formers, for the purpose of carrying a thread for con-
necting two or more pieces of fabric together; also the further employment
of the said guides in.combination with the arrangement shewn at Figures 10
and 11 for embossing the fabric, all substantially as herein-before described
and illustrated at Figures 12 and 13 of the accompanying Drawings.
Ninth, the construction of pattern formers as herein-before described
and illustrated at Figures 14 and 15 of the accompanying Drawings, for the
purpose of shaping metal, such as trellis work, button shanks, and the like,
all as herein-before described.
Tenth, the employment of endless chains carrying lngs or pattern former's
caused to revolve by pinions round which they pass for corrugating or other-
wise shaping metals, substantially in the manner herein-before described
and illustrated at Figures 19 and 20 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eleventh, the indenting, embossing, or otherwise ornamenting the corrn-
gated or other undertaking surfaces of metals, substantially in the mannerand
by the machinery herein-before described, or other equivalent machinery."
Twelfth, forming cast-iron leaves of any desired shape with an oblong
or slotted hole therein to receive the wires and spaced to occupy the proper
part of the hole, as herein-before described and illustrated at Figure 21
of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hesketh Hughes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
HESKETH HUGHES. (L.S.)