improvements in Apparatus for Distilling Ammoniacal Liquor for the Purpose of Producing Sulphate of Ammonia.
Year: 1886

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 13th day of October 1886, amended under.
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
improvements in Apparatus for Distilling Ammoniacal Liquor
for the Purpose of Producing Sulphate of Ammonia.
I, ALEXANDER DEMPSTER of Rose Mount Iron Works, Elland, Yorkshire, Gas
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING AMMONIACAL LIQUOR FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improvements in such apparatus consist.
Firstly In means to be employed for heating the sulphuric acid contained in
the saturator so as to prevent the formation and accumulation of "Mother liquor."
Secondly To certain means to be employed for heating the annular space or
chamber surrounding the liquor feed-tank or superheater by means of the noxious
gases generated in the saturator.
.
Thirdly-In constructing the still with a decomposing chamber under the fire
box for getting off the fixed ammonia, and in the employment of gases from the
still to agitate the milk of lime in such chamber instead of steam as is usual, by
which means the boiler plates will be far more durable.
· Fourthly My-invention relates to the purifier and in arrangement of pipes-in
connection with the purifier and chimney in such manner that the-draught of the
chimney-draws air in conjunction with the noxious gases through-the-oxide of
iron in the purifier for the purpose of revivifying it, so-as-to-prevent the removal
of the oxide of iron-and-spreading-out-as-at-present-for-revivifying-purposes.
Fifthly Fourthly-In a new arrangement of levers and rods operated by segment
and worm gearing for the purpose of simultaneously opening and closing the
several valves.
Such being the nature and object of my Invention, I will now proceed to
describe the same more fully, and for that purpose make reference to the accom-
panying sheet of drawings wherein Fig. is elevation of apparatus constructed
according to my invention and Fig. 2 is plan of same.
In the accompanying drawings A represents the still, B the saturator, and C the
purifier.
In order to carry out the first part of my invention-viz-the means to be
employed for heating the sulphuric acid contained in the "saturator so as to
prevent the formation and accumulation of "Mother liquor" I proceed as follows;
The ammonia gases generated in the still pass out through the pipe D into
the saturator and are discharged through a coiled lead pipe E at the bottom thereof

page_text: in the usual manner, and the noxious vapours generated in the saturator pass out
by means of pipe F, but in order to heat the sulphuric acid contained in the
saturator the valve a must be closed or partially closed, so that a portion of the hot
noxious vapours can pass down the pipe c, which pipe is coiled and immersed in
the sulphuric acid, but the return pipe is carried up at d and connected to the
outlet pipe F at a point above the valve a, where the heated noxious vapours
after having done service in pipes c, d, pass up the outlet pipe F.
This method of utilizing the heat of the noxious vapours is a ready means of
heating the sulphuric acid and preventing thereby the formation of "Mother
liquor."
The still is divided by a perforated diaphragm plate or baffle plate W, so that
as the gases arise and impinge against it the steamy vapours will be partially or
wholly condensed thereby, consequently the strength of the aminoniacal gases will
be increased in proportion to the water condensed.
Secondly To certain means to be employed for heating the annular space or
chamber surrounding the liquor feed tank or superheater by means of the noxious
gases generated in the saturator.
The ammoniacal liquor is introduced at the pipe G and is discharged into the
liquor feed tank H, which is provided with an overflow pipe I for supplying the
still this liquor feed tank or superbeater is somewhat less in diameter than the
column A as will be seen in the drawings, whereby an annular space or chamber is
left which chamber I now propose to heat, and for that purpose make use of the
noxious vapours arising from the saturator which it will be perceived pass up the
outlet pipe F to the annular chamber, and finally pass out at the pipe J, to
the condenser and purifier, by which means the temperature of liquor feed tank is
increased.
Thirdly The means and method hitherto adopted for decomposing purposes in
order to get off the fixed ammonia, has been to employ lime in consequence of its
cheapuess in the decomposing chamber which was arranged above the furnace but
this method destroyed the boiler plates.
According to my invention I construct the still with a decomposing chamber
under the fire box for getting off the fixed ammonia and in the employment of
ammoniacal gases from the still to agitate the milk of lime in such chamber,
instead of steam as is usual by which means the boiler plates will be far more
durable.
This part of my invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 where the decomposing chamber
is shewn at K in which I place a suitable quantity of milk of lime, and agitate it
by ammonia gases from the still.
The manner of introducing the gases is by pipe L which passes down through
the said pipe and out of perforations in the horizontal pipe M in the decomposing
chamber, whilst the gases return from the decomposing chamber by pipe N and go
back again into the still as will be easily seen by the arrangement of pipes shewn
on the drawings. Valve i is employed to allow the gases to pass, and ƒ is a check
valve to prevent the return of the gases.
By arranging the decomposing chamber below the fire instead of above as is
usual, the still is not only more compact but the boiler plates will be far more
durable than is the case by the present arrangement as will be well understood by
those conversant with this class of apparatus. The liquor is conducted to the
decomposing chamber from the still by pipe P, and suitable valves g and h are
employed to shut off and turn on the supply. The still as arranged and constructed
may be advantageously employed for manufacturing liquor ammonia, bone liquor,
and other analogous manufactures.
Fourthly My-invention-relates to the purifier-and-in-an-arrangement-of pipes
in-connection-with the purifier and chimney-in-such manner that the draught-of
the-chimney-draws-air-in-conjunction-with-the-noxious-gases-through-the-oxide-of
of-the-oxide-of-iron-and-spreading-out-as-at-present-for-revivifying-purposes,
iron-in-the purifier, for the purpose-of-revivifying-it-so-as-to-prevent-the-removal

page_text: In-order-to-carry-out this part of my invention-the-purifier is connected-to-the
furnace and flue-of the chimney-by-pipes-R,-the-draught-of-which chimney will
draw-the-noxious-gases-and-atmospheric-air-through-the oxide-of iron-deposited-in
the purifier, thereby continuously-revivifying the caid-oxide instead-of-having-to
remove-it-from-the-purifier-to-spread-out-in-the-open-air-as-at-present.
I-am-aware-that-the-above-method-of revivifying-oxide-of-iron-is-not-new-when
applied-to-the-purifiers-employed in the making of coal gas,-but-such-method-is
new-and-original-as-applied-to-purifiers-employed-in-connection with apparatus-for
manufacturing-sulphate-of-ammonia.
Fifthly Fourthly-In a new arrangement of levers and rods operated by segment
and worm gearing for the purpose of simultaneously opening and closing the
several valves.
This part of my invention is shewn at S, which is a vertical rod connected to.
levers or rods j to the four valves m, g, h, n. This vertical rod S is connected by
stud to the toothed segment T in gear with the worm U.
Therefore when the worm is operated, the whole series of valves are opened or
closed when required, whereby all the several processes are acting simultaneously
and making the process continuous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is;
.
Firstly. The employment of the noxious vapours in the manner substantially as
set forth in the first part of this specification, for heating the sulphuric acid in
order to prevent the formation of "Mother liquor."
Secondly. The employment in a still of the diaphgram or baffle plate W, for
condensing the vapours as they impinge against it, in manner substantially as
shewn and described.
Thirdly. The employment of the noxious vapours in the manner substantially
as set forth in the second part of this specification, for heating the annular space
or chamber surrounding the liquor feed tank.
Fourthly. The construction of stills having the decomposing chamber under the
furnace, and in agitating the milk of lime therein by ammoniacal gases, instead of
steam in manner substantially as herein shewn and described.
Fifthly. In-a-purifier employed with apparatus for manufacturing-sulphate-of
ammonia, the means herein-set forth of combining atmospheric-air-with noxious
vapours,--and--drawing-the-air-through--the--oxide-of-iron-for-the--purpose--of
continuously-revivifying-it.
Sixthly. Fifthly. The employment of the vertical rod S operated by toothed
segment T, for actuating the several valves simultaneously, substantially as set
forth.

page_text: Appar T
amoniacal Liquor
for the Purpose of Producing Sulphate of Ammonia.
I, ALEXANDER DEMPSTER of Rose Mount Iron Works, Elland, Yorkshire, Gas
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING AMMONIACAL LIQUOR FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My improvements in such apparatus consist
Firstly In means to be employed for heating the sulphuric acid contained in
the saturator so as to prevent the formation and accumulation of "Mother liquor."
Secondly To certain means to be employed for heating the annular space or
chamber surrounding the liquor feed-tank or superheater by means of the noxious
gases generated in the saturator.
Thirdly-In constructing the still with a decomposing chamber under .the fire
box for getting off the fixed ammonia, and in the employment of gases from the
still to agitate, the milk of lime in such chamber instead of steam as is usual, by
which means the boiler plates will be far more durable.
Fourthly My invention relates to the purifier and in arrangement of pipes in
connection with the purifier and chimney in such manner that the draught, of the
chimney draws air in conjunction with the noxious gases through the oxide of
iron in the purifier for the purpose of revivifying it, so as to prevent the removal
of the oxide of iron and spreading out as at present for revivifying, purposes.
Fifthly In a new arrangement of levers and rods operated by segment and
worm gearing for the purpose of simultaneously opening and closing the several
valves.
Such being the nature and object of my Invention, I will now proceed to
describe the same more fully and for that purpose make reference to the accom-
panying sheet of drawings wherein Fig. 1 is elevation of apparatus constructed
according to my invention and Fig. 2 is plan of same.
In the accompanying drawings A represents the still, B the saturator, and C the
purifier.
:
In order to carry out the first part of my invention-viz-the means to be
employed for heating the sulphuric acid contained in the "saturator" so as to
prevent the formation and accumulation of "Mother liquor" I proceed as follows;
The ammonia gases, generated in the still pass out through the pipe D into
the saturator and are discharged through a coiled lead pipe E at the bottom thereof
J

page_text: in the usual manner, and the noxious vapours generated in the saturator pass out
by means of pipe F, but in order to heat the sulphuric acid contained in the
saturator the valve a must be closed or partially closed, so that a portion of the hot
noxious vapours can pass down the pipe c, which pipe is coiled and immersed in
the sulphuric acid, but the return pipe is carried up at d and connected to the
outlet pipe F at a point above the valve a, where the heated noxious vapours
after having done service in pipes c, d, pass up the outlet pipe F.
This method of utilizing the heat of the noxious vapours is a ready means of
heating the sulphuric acid and preventing thereby the formation of "Mother
liquor."
The still is divided by a perforated diaphragm plate or baffle plate W, so that
as the gases arise and impinge against it the steamy vapours will be partially or
wholly condensed thereby, consequently the strength of the ammoniacal gases will
be increased in proportion to the water condensed.
Secondly To certain means to be employed for heating the annular space or
chamber surrounding the liquor feed tank or superheater by means of the noxious
gases generated in the saturator.
The ammoniacal liquor is introduced at the pipe G and is discharged into the
liquor feed tank H, which is provided with an overflow pipe I for supplying the
still-this liquor feed tank or superheater is somewhat less in diameter than the
column A as will be seen in the drawings, whereby an annular space or chamber is
left which chamber I now propose to heat, and for that purpose make use of the
noxious vapours arising from the saturator which it will be perceived pass up the
outlet pipe F to the annular chamber, and finally pass out at the pipe J, to
the condenser and purifier, by which means the temperature of liquor feed tank is
increased.
Thirdly The means and method hitherto adopted for decomposing purposes in
order to get off the fixed ammonia, has been to employ lime in consequence of its
cheapness in the decomposing chamber which was arranged above the furnace but
this method destroyed the boiler plates.
According to my invention I construct the still with a decomposing chamber
under the fire box for getting off the fixed ammonia and in the employment of
ammoniacal gases from the still to agitate the milk of lime in such chamber,
instead of steam as is usual by which means the boiler plates will be far more
durable.
•
This part of my invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 where the decomposing chamber
is shewn at K in which I place a suitable quantity of milk of lime, and agitate it
by ammonia gases from the still.
The manner of introducing the gases is by pipe L which passes down through
the said pipe and out of perforations in the horizontal pipe M in the decomposing
chamber, whilst the gases return from the decomposing chamber by pipe N and go
back again into the still as will be easily seen by the arrangement of pipes shewn
on the drawings. Valve i is employed to allow the gases to pass, and f is a check
valve to prevent the return of the gases.
By arranging the decomposing chamber below the fire instead of above as is
usual, the still is not only more compact but the boiler plates will be far more
durable than is the case by the present arrangement as will be well understood-by
those conversant with this class of apparatus. The liquor is conducted to the
decomposing chamber from the still by pipe P, and suitable valves g and h are
employed to shut off and turn on the supply. The still as arranged and constructed
may be advantageously employed for manufacturing liquor ammonia, bone liquor,
and other. analogous manufactures.
Fourthly My invention relates to the purifier and in an arrangement of pipes
in connection with the purifier and chimney in such manner that the draught of
the chimney draws air in conjunction with the noxious gases, through the oxide of
iron in the purifier, for the purpose of revivifying it so as to prevent the removal
of the oxide of iron and spreading out as at present for revivifying purposes,

page_text: In order to carry out this part of my invention the purifier is connected to the
furnace and flue of the chimney by pipes R, the draught of which chimney will
draw the noxious gases and atmospheric air through the oxide of iron deposited in
the purifier, thereby continuously revivifying the said oxide instead of having to
remove it from the purifier to spread out in the open air as at present.
I am aware that the above method of revivifying oxide of iron is not new when
applied to the purifiers employed in the making of coal gas, but such method is
new and original as applied to purifiers employed in connection with apparatus for
manufacturing sulphate of ammonia.
Fifthly In a new arrangement of levers and rods operated by segment and
worm gearing for the purpose of simultaneously opening and closing the several
valves.
This part of my invention is shewn at S, which is a vertical rod connected to
levers or rods to the four valves m, g, h, n. This vertical rod S is connected by
stud to the toothed segment T in gear with the worm U.
Therefore when the worm is operated, the whole series of valves are opened or
closed when required, whereby all the several processes are acting simultaneously
and making the process continuous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is;
Firstly. The employment of the noxious vapours in the manner substantially as
set forth in the first part of this specification, for heating the sulphuric acid in
order to prevent the formation of "Mother liquor."
Secondly. The employment in a still of the diaphgram or baffle plate W, for
condensing the vapours as they impinge against it, in manner substantially as
shewn and described.
Thirdly. The employment of the noxious vapours in the manner substantially
as set forth in the second part of this specification, for heating the annular space
or chamber surrounding the liquor feed tank.
Fourthly. The construction of stills having the decomposing chamber under the
furnace, and in agitating the milk of lime therein by ammoniacal gases, instead of
steam in manner substantially as herein shewn and described.
Fifthly. In a purifier employed with apparatus for manufacturing sulphate of
ammonia, the means herein set forth of combining atmospheric air with noxious
vapours, and drawing the air through the oxide of iron for the purpose of
continuously revivifying it.
Sixthly. The employment of the vertical rod S operated by toothed segment T,
for actuating the several valves simultaneously, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 6th day of March 1886

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 13th day of October 1886, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
for the Purpose of Producing Sulphate of Ammonia.
I, ALEXANDER DEMPSTER of Rose Mount Iron Works, Elland, Yorkshire; Gas
Engineer do hereby, declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING AMMONIACAL LIQUOR FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improvements in such apparatus consist
Firstly In means to be employed for heating the sulphuric acid contained in
the saturator so as to prevent the formation and accumulation of "Mother liquor."
Secondly To certain means to be employed for heating the annular space or
chamber surrounding the liquor feed-tank or superheater by means of the noxious
gases generated in the saturator.
Thirdly In constructing the still with a decomposing chamber under the fire
box for getting off the fixed ammonia, and in the employment of gases from the
still to agitate the milk of lime in such chamber instead of steam as is usual, by
which means the boiler plates will be far more durable.
Fourthly My-invention relates to the purifier and-in-arrangement of pipes-in
connection with the purifier and chimney in such manner that the draught of the
chimney draws air in conjunction with the noxious gases through the oxide of
iron-in-the-purifier-for-the-purpose of revivifying it, so-as-to-prevent-the-removal
of the oxide of iron and spreading-out-as-at-present-for-revivifying-purposes.
Fifthly Fourthly-In a new arrangement of levers and rods operated by segment
and worm gearing for the purpose of simultaneously opening and closing the
several valves.
Such being the nature and object of my Invention, I will now proceed to
describe the same more fully and for that purpose make reference to the accom-
panying sheet of drawings wherein Fig. 1 is elevation of apparatus constructed
according to my invention and Fig. 2 is plan of same.
In the accompanying drawings A represents the still, B the saturator, and C the
purifier.
In order to carry out the first part of my invention-viz-the means to be
employed for heating the sulphuric acid contained in the "saturator" so as to
prevent the formation and accumulation of "Mother liquor" I proceed as follows;
The ammonia gases generated in the still pass out through the pipe D into
the saturator and are discharged through a coiled lead pipe E at the bottom thereof

page_text: in the usual manner, and the noxious vapours generated in the saturator pass out
by means of pipe F, but in order to heat the sulphuric acid contained in the
saturator the valve a must be closed or partially closed, so that a portion of the hot
noxious vapours can pass down the pipe c, which pipe is coiled and immersed in
the sulphuric acid, but the return pipe is carried up at d and connected to the
outlet pipe F at a point above the valve a, where the heated noxious vapours
after having done service in pipes c, d, pass up the outlet pipe F.
This method of utilizing the heat of the noxious vapours is a ready means of
heating the sulphuric acid and preventing thereby the formation of "Mother
liquor.'
The still is divided by a perforated diaphragm plate or baffle plate W, so that
as the gases arise and impinge against it the steamy vapours will be partially or
wholly condensed thereby, consequently the strength of the ammoniacal gases will
be increased in proportion to the water condensed.
Secondly To certain means to be employed for heating the annular space or
chamber surrounding the liquor feed tank or superheater by means of the noxious
gases generated in the saturator.
The ammoniacal liquor is introduced at the pipe G and is discharged into the
liquor feed tank H, which is provided with an overflow pipe I for supplying the
still--this liquor feed tank or superheater is somewhat less in diameter than the
column A as will be seen in the drawings, whereby an annular space or chamber.is
left which chamber I now propose to heat, and for that purpose make use of the
noxious vapours arising from the saturator which it will be perceived pass up the
outlet pipe F to the annular chamber, and finally pass out at the pipe J, to
the condenser and purifier, by which means the temperature of liquor feed tank is
increased.
Thirdly The means and method hitherto adopted for decomposing purposes in
order to get off the fixed ammonia, has been to employ lime in consequence of its
cheapness in the decomposing chamber which was arranged above the furnace but
this method destroyed the boiler plates.
According to my invention I construct the still with a decomposing chamber
under the fire box for getting off the fixed ammonia and in the employment of
ammoniacal gases from the still to agitate the milk of lime in such chamber,
instead of steam as is usual by which means the boiler plates will be far more
durable.
-
This part of my invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 where the decomposing chamber
is shewn at K in which I place a suitable quantity of milk of limo, and agitate it
by ammonia gases from the still..
The manner of introducing the gases by pipe L which passes down through
the said pipe and out of perforations in the horizontal pipe M in the decomposing
chamber, whilst the gases return from the decomposing chamber by pipe N and go
back again into the still as will be easily seen by the arrangement of pipes shewn
on the drawings. Valve i is employed to allow the gases to pass, and f is a check
valve to prevent, the return of the gases.
1
By arranging the decomposing chamber below the fire instead of above as is
usual, the still is not only more compact but the boiler plates will be far more
durable than is the case by the present arrangement as will be well understood by
those conversant with this class of apparatus. The liquor is conducted to the
decomposing chamber from the still by pipe P, and suitable valves g and h are
employed to shut off and turn on the supply. The still as arranged and constructed
may be advantageously employed for manufacturing liquor ammonia, bone liquor,
and other analogous manufactures.
Fourthly My-invention-relates to the purifier and-in-an-arrangement-of-pipes
in-connection-with the purifier and chimney in such manner that the draught of
the-chimney-draws-air-in-conjunction-with-the-noxious-gases through the oxide-of
iron-in-the-purifier, for the purpose of revivifying-it-so-as-to-prevent the-removal
of-the-oxide-of iron-and-spreading-out-as-at-present-for-revivifying-purposes,

page_text: In-order-to-carry-out this part of my-invention-the-purifier is connected to the
furnace-and-flue-of the chimney-by pipes-Ry-the draught of which chimney-will
draw-the-noxious-gases-and-atmospherie-air-through-the oxide-of iron-deposited-in
the purifier, thereby continuously-revivifying the said-oxide instead-of-having-to
remove-it-from-the-purifier-to-spread-out-in-the-open-air-as-at-present.
I-am-aware-that-the-above-method-of revivifying-oxide-of-iron-is-not-new-when
applied-to-the-purifiers employed in the making of coal gas,-but-such-method-is
new-and-original-as-applied-to-purifiers-employed-in-connection-with apparatus for
manufacturing sulphate-of-ammonia.
Fifthly Fourthly-In a new arrangement of levers and rods operated by segment
and worm gearing for the purpose of simultaneously opening and closing the
several valves.
This part of my invention is shewn at S, which is a vertical rod connected to
levers or rods j to the four.valves m, g, h, n. This vertical rod S is connected by
stud to the toothed segment T in gear with the worm U.'
Therefore when the worm is operated, the whole series of valves are opened or
closed when required, whereby all the several processes are acting simultaneously
and making the process continuous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is;
Firstly. The employment of the noxious vapours in the manner substantially as
set forth in the first part of this specification, for heating the sulphuric acid in
order to prevent the formation of "Mother liquor."
Secondly. The employment in a still of the diaphgram or baffle plate W, for
condensing the vapours as they impinge against it, in manner substantially as
shewn and described.
Thirdly. The employment of the noxious vapours in the manner substantially
as set forth in the second part of this specification, for heating the annular space
or chamber surrounding the liquor feed tank.
Fourthly. The construction of stills having the decomposing chamber under the
furnace, and in agitating the milk of lime therein by ammoniacal gases, instead of
steam in manner substantially as herein shewn and described.
Fifthly. In-a-purifier employed-with-apparatus for manufacturing-sulphate-of
ammonia,-the-means herein-set forth of combining atmospherie air with noxious
vapours, and-drawing the air-through--the--oxide of iron-for--the--purpose-of
continuously-revivifying-it.
Sixthly. Fifthly.-The employment of the vertical rod S operated by toothed
segment T, for actuating the several valves simultaneously, substantially as set
forth.