IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PERAMBULATORS, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theodore Pasco, of Old Basford, in the County
of Nottingham, and William Millington Hawkins, of the Town and
County of the Town of Nottingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PERAMBULATORS, AND IN APPARATUS USED
THEREIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theodore Pasco and
William Millington Hawkins at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th June 1874.
We, THEODORE PASCO, of Old Basford, in the County of Nottingham,
and WILLIAM MILLINGTON HAWKINS, of the Town and County of
the Town of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PERAMBULATORS, AND IN
APPARATUS USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of the bodies and wheels of perambulators we
employ a variety of materials. Sometimes we employ paper machie,
paper makers' stock or paper pulp, or a number of sheets of paper

page_text: cemented together, or having a fibre or fabric of linen, cotton, or worsted
or other materials, or of a mixture of paper machie, papor pulp, sheets of
paper, fibre, or fabric of either of the above, or jute, or similar fibre, and
burnt clay, plaster of Paris, or other cement, which will when wetted and
mixed with the other materials set, and when dry form a compact, hard, {
and tough body.
The apparatus we employ in forming the bodies and wheels consists of
moulds of suitable form made in parts capable of being placed and held
together while the paper machie, stock, or pulp, or a combination of the
above-named materials, or other materials are cither poured or placed
therein, and when filled pressure is brought to bear upon the mould to
express part of the moisture from the materials, which are left in the
moulds until the body or wheel so formed will readily separate from the
mould. Such body or wheel when dry is impregnated with oil, varnish,
or cement, and stoved, when it will be ready for mounting and
decorating.
•
The mould may be formed of zinc or other suitable metal perforated
wholly or in part to allow the moisture to exude; or the mould may be
made partly of metal, so as to form that side of the body or wheel that
will readily be seen smooth, and the other part of the mould may be 1
made of any suitablo material that will readily absorb the moisturo.
We employ a number of such moulds and a variety of shapes.
We sometimes place strengthening strips of metal or other material
between the inner and outer surfaces of the bodies and wheels. Such
strips of metal or other material we form by punching them out to the
shape required, and in case a wheel is being manufactured such punched
strips of metal or material would form part of the nave, spokes, and
fellows, which when embedded in the above-named materials will bo
ready for ringing when taken from the stove.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 30
filed by the said Theodoro Pasco and William Millington Hawkins
in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 28th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THEODORE
PASCO, of Old Basford, in the County of Nottingham, and WILLIAM

page_text: MILLINGTON HAWKINS, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing dato the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Theodore Pasco and William
Millington Hawkins, Her special licence that we, the said Theodore
Pasco and William Millington Hawkins, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Theodoro Pasco and William
Millington Hawkins, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Ohannel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PERAMBULATORS, AND IN
APPARATUS USED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Theodore Pasco and William Millington Hawkins, our oxe-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the naturo of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Theodore Pasco and William Mill-
ington Hawkins, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In constructing the bodies and wheels of perambulators we employ
papier mache, paper makers' stock or pulp, or a number of sheets of
paper cemented together, or either of the above mixed with a fibre or
fabric of linen, cotton, worsted, jute, or other fibre, and burnt clay,
plaster of Paris, or other cement, which will when wetted and mixed
with the other materials set, and when dry form a compact, hard, and
tough body.
One modification of apparatus we employ to form the bodies and

page_text: being held together whilo papier mache, paper makers' stock or pulp, or
a combination of two or more of the above-named materials, fabrics, or
fibres are poured or placed therein, and when filled pressure is brought
to bear upon the mould by a screw press, hydraulic press, or equivalent
apparatus for the purpose of expelling part of the moisture from the
materials, which are then left in the mould until set, or until they will
readily separate from the mould. The body or wheel so formed when
dry is impregnated with oil, or varnish, or coment, and then stoved.
After being stoved it is ready for mounting and decorating.
The moulds above mentioned may be made of zinc or other suitable
metal perforated so as to allow the moisture to escape, or the mould may
be made partly of metal where the body or wheel is required to be
smooth, and the other parts of the mould may be made of any suitable
material that will readily absorb the moisture.
A second modification of apparatus wo employ for moulding cither
the bodies or wheels consists of a pair of rollers geared together so as to
be driven by hand or other power. One or both of these rollers are
grooved or otherwise formed on their circumference so as to form beads,
mouldings, or other ornaments on one or both sides of the material
which is passed between them. These rollers in addition to the beads,
mouldings, or other ornaments are provided with a cutting blado or
blades, and the corresponding portions of the circumference of the
opposite roller is grooved or recessed to receive such blade or blades, so
that when one or more sheets of thick paper saturated with cement, or
such saturated paper and a fabric or fibre in addition thereto is passed a
between them the bodies or parts of bodies of a perambulator, or the body
of a wheel of the shape required beaded and ornamented, will be produced
continuously so long as the sheets of materials last, separated by tho
blades above mentioned from the superfluous material, such portions as
the back and sides of a perambulator being flat as they come from the 3
rolls aro bent by hand to the shape required previous to being oiled and
stoved, after which the seat, bottom, and other fittings are added.
Thirdly. Instead of two rollers as above described we may prefer to
employ one roller above a reciprocating bed, one or both of which
are recessed, raised, or otherwise formed on part of their surface that
the bodics and parts of bodies of a perambulator or of wheels, beaded,
moulded, and ornamented, and of the shape required, are produced
separated from the superfluous materials at each rovolution of the roller.

page_text: Fourthly. To forming the sides, back, and bottom of a perambulator
we construct a skeleton pattern, upon which we cement together sheets
of
paper either alone or in conjunction with a fabric or fibre, so that
upon the removal of the skeleton pattern a body and bottom of a form
the reverse of the pattern will be formed, which being dried is oiled and
stoved in the usual way and the seat and fittings added. When the
bodies are made by any of the methods above described with plain
surfaces we either cement ornaments upon them or impress or raise
ornaments on such bodies before they are dry by means of dics or hand
rollers cut the required shape, using the said dies or rollers either hot
or cold.
Fifthly. For the purpose of strengthening bodies and wheels as above
formed we place strips of metal or other material between their inner
and outer surfaces. Such strips of metal or other material we form by
punching them out to the required shape, and in case a wheel is being
manufactured such punched metal or material would form part of the
nave, spoke, and fellies, which when cmbodded in the above-named
materials will be ready for ringing when taken from the stove.
-
In witness whereof, we, the said Theodore Pasco and William
Millington Hawkins, have hercunto set our hand and scals,
this Twenty-sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
5 Witness,
THEODORE PASCO.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM MILLINGTON HAWKINS.. (L.S.)
H. W. GOUGH, C.E.,
Nottingham.