Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Colouring Matters.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Colouring
Matters.
I CHARLES DREYFUS Director and General Manager of the Clayton Aniline
Company Limited of Clayton near Manchester in the County of Lancaster do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of colouring matters by combining the
precipitate obtained by treating an aqueous solution of resin soap with a metallic
salt or salts of the alkaline earths and aniline colours such for instance as is proposed
by the Specification of Letters Patent No. 2878 dated the 27th day of February
1886 granted to Alexander Melville Clark as a communication from Dr. Armand
Müller-Jacobs. I have discovered that all aniline colours are not capable of use in
such manufacture and by research and experiment I have found that it is necessary
to use the so called basic coal tar dyes to obtain practically useful results. I have
also discovered that the action when metallic salts are used is different from the
action when salts of the alkaline earths are used.
My invention may be performed as follows:-
A neutral resin soap is prepared which may be done by any of the well known
processes for such purpose and this soap is dissolved in water and to this solution
suitably diluted and brought to the proper temperature is added a quantity of a
solution of a soluble salt of a metal such as zinc for example or any other soluble
salt of a metal forming with the resin soap a precipitate (a resinate) which
precipitate I wash and dry. I then add to it an aqueous or other solution of the
80-called basic coal tar dyes and I then dry it again.
I can also produce the resinate by adding to the solution of the resin soap suitably
diluted and at a proper temperature a filtered solution of the so-called basic coal
tar dyes for example a solution of magenta, saffranine, rhodamine, methylene-
blue, Victoria blue, crystal violet, methyl violet, brilliant green, Bismark brown,
chrysoidine, auramine, thioflavine T, and the like in proportion according to the
intensity of colour required say about 5 to 25 per cent. of such colour in solution to
the weight of resin contained in the resin soap.
Care must be taken in the dilution of the liquors and in their temperature to
prevent the formation of a precipitate of the colouring matter or dye with the resin.
To this mixture of colouring matter and resin soap I add gradually the diluted
aqueous solutions of the metallic salts. The mixture is kept well stirred and the
metallic salt is added until complete precipitation takes place which can easily be
ascertained by placing a few drops of the mass on filtering paper, when the filtering
paper shews no more colour in solution the precipitation is complete. A slight
excess of the metallic salt helps the filtration and the subsequent washing. This
precipitate is filtered washed and dried in the usual way.
The lake can also be formed by adding to the solution of the salts of the metals
the filtered solution of the basic coal tar dye and adding to this the solution of the
resin soap.
When making lakes with salts of the alkaline earths such as salts of calcium
barium strontium or magnesium the operation does not take place in the same
manner as with the salts of the metals. By adding for example to a neutral solution
of rosin soap a solution of a salt of magnesium until no more precipitate is formed
and filtering the filtrate still contains a constituent part of the resin which is not
precipitated by the magnesium salt, this is a constituent part of the resin giving
soluble salts with magnesium calcium strontium or barium. These soluble salts are

page_text: precipitated by the addition of a solution of a basic coal tar dye. This part of the
resin has been lost up to now, no notice having been taken of the existence of this
soluble resinate. I utilise it either by adding to the filtered solution enough of a
solution of a basic coal tar dye to form a combination with the whole of the
constituent of the resin which formed a soluble salt of magnesium or the like.
I can also prepare lakes with the alkaline earths so as to utilize the constituents
of the resin (that up to now have been lost) by proceeding as follows. I add a
suitable quantity of the solution of the basic coal tar dye to the salt of the alkaline
earth for example sulphate of magnesium and then I add the quantity of neutral
resin soap solution to form a combination with the whole of the salt of the alkaline
earth and the colouring matter. The filtrate in this case contains no longer any
constituent of the resin capable of forming a lake with basic coal tar dyes and the
whole of the resin is therefore utilised. This can also be done by adding the
solution of the basic coal tar dye to the resin soap and then adding the solution of
the salt of the alkaline earth.
The coloured resinates (or lakes as I prefer to call them) are soluble in benzole
and its homologues and in "solvent naptha" of commerce & in most of the neutral
solvents such as alcohol ether, bisulphide of carbon, chloroform, essential oils,
molten wax, fatty acids (such as oleic acid & stearic acid) linseed oil, rancid oils,
turpentine & the like. They are insoluble in petroleum and glycerine.
Owing to their solubility in the substances above enumerated these lakes can be
used for many purposes such as for the preparation of varnishes for printing inks,
for lithographic inks for the dyeing of wood leather celluloid linoleum for the
colouring of substances used for paints such as white lead zinc white chalk & the
like also for colouring farina starch and the like. They are also valuable as paper
staining colours for which purpose the aqueous paste can be thickened with any
thickening such as is usually employed for the like purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of colouring matters by combining the precipitate or
resinate obtained by treating a solution of resin soap with a soluble salt of zinc
or other soluble metallic salt with basic coal tar dye substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. The manufacture of colouring matters by combining a solution of resin soap
with a solution of basic coal tar dye and a solution of metallic salt substantially as
hereinbefore described.
3. The manufacture of colouring matters by adding to a solution of metallic salt
a solution of basic coal tar dye and then adding a solution of resin soap substantially
as hereinbefore described.
4. The manufacture of colouring matters by combining a solution of a salt of an
alkaline earth and a solution of resin soap and treating with a solution of basic coal
tar dye substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
5. The manufacture of colouring matters by adding a solution of basic coal
tar dye to a salt of an alkaline earth and then adding a solution of resin soap
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
.6. As new articles of manufacture the colouring matters prepared as herein-
before described and claimed.
7. The manufacture of colouring matters by adding a solution of basic coal tar
dye to resin soap and then adding a solution of a salt of an alkaline earth sub-
stantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Dated this 15th day of October 1891.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.