IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO METALLURGICAL OR OTHER FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND SUPPLYING GASES UNDER PRESSURE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO METALLURGICAL OR OTHER FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR
OBTAINING AND SUPPLYING GASES UNDER PRESSURE." A communication
from abroad by Charles Pernot, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1881.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO METALLURGICAL OR
OTHER FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND SUPPLYING GASES UNDER
PRESSURE." A communication from abroad by Charles Pernot, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
This Invention relates to an improved process or method of obtaining gas under
pressure and supplying the same to furnaces or other apparatus employed for
metallurgical and other purposes, and it consists in the employment on the main
conduit leading from the generator to the furnace or other apparatus of means for
applying pressure, which pressure may be obtained by means of a fan or wheel
carrying vanes, or by means of a piston working in a cylinder, in order to produce
the high pressure required in the case of blast furnaces, or again an injector or
any other suitable means may be employed for obtaining the desired pressure.
By the employment of the improved system it is rendered possible, first, to
employ any description of coal or wood, lignite, peat, mineral oils, or other fuel for
the production of the gas; secondly, to change the quantity of gas produced and
consequently the quantity employed, and thereby raise or lower the temperature of
the apparatus to be heated. The yield of the apparatus is increased or diminished
according to circumstances.
In metallurgical operations, more especially in the manufacture of steel, for
example, in what are known as Pernot's furnaces, in glass works, and in blast

page_text: furnaces, in which gas and air are supplied under high pressure, and generally in
all the kindred arts, the application of this Invention will be attended with
considerable saving of expense.
It is of importance that in the gas furnaces where the air and gas are heated
previously to their mixture, the air should be supplied under the same pressure;
in this case the apparatus for supplying air may be similar to the one employed
for imparting pressure to the gas or of any other suitable construction, but it is
always necessary to adjust the supply in such a manner as to cause the air and gas
to meet in the furnace under the same pressure. This result may be readily
obtained by mounting a fan for supplying the air upon the same axis as the fan
for supplying the gas so as to equalize the pressure.
In the case of Pernot's furnace, in which the mixture of gas and air is
delivered at right angles on the sole, the effect obtained will be similar to that of
a blow pipe, and this effect, combined with the rotatory motion of the sole, will
produce a very elevated and at the same time uniform temperature, whereby the
fusion will be accelerated and the yield increased.
When it is desired to produce very large masses or ingots, and when in order to
obtain the requisite quantity of metal it is necessary to employ several furnaces, it
is essential that the contents of all the furnaces should be ready at the same time.
By means of this Invention all the furnaces may be readily caused to act under the
same conditions, as it is rendered possible to raise or lower the temperature at
pleasure and with great celerity.
As an example of the manner in which this Invention may be carried into effect
the gases generated in a gas generator constructed for burning coal or any other
suitable substance are caused to pass through a flue or chimney leading from the
generator to the furnace. This flue is provided with suitable valves or dampers,
and communicates with a fan or other suitable blowing apparatus, which delivers
the gas to the furnace through a convenient channel. Air is supplied to the furnace
at the same time through a corresponding flue or passage similarly provided with a
blowing apparatus, which may be actuated by the same shaft as the apparatus for
supplying the gas.
Two or more compressing apparatus may be employed in conjunction if
.desired.
The following advantages are obtained by the employment of the improved
system, viz.:-
-
1st. A considerable saving in fuel.
2ndly. Facility is afforded for utilizing all descriptions of combustible materials.
3rdly. The heating is performed with a great regularity.
4thly. The amount of gas produced in a given time is increased and the fusion
is accelerated.
5thly. The quantity and uniformity of the product is increased.
6thly. Great facility is afforded for working the furnaces when casting large
masses.
7thly. The fire is rendered capable of being urged suddenly and with great
effect.
8thly. The process is capable of being employed and of yielding economical
results in blast furnaces.
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th September 1881.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO METALLURGICAL OR
OTHER FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND SUPPLYING GASES UNDER
PRESSURE." A communication from abroad by Charles Pernot, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
The said Invention relates to an improved method of obtaining gas under
pressure and supplying the same to furnaces or other apparatus employed for
metallurgical and other purposes, and it consists in the employment on the main
conduit leading from the generator or other source of the gas to the furnace or
other apparatus of means for applying pressure, which pressure may be obtained.
by means of a fan or wheel carrying vanes or by means of a piston working in a
cylinder in order to produce the high pressure required in the case of blast
furnaces, or again an injector or any other suitable means may be employed for
obtaining the desired pressure.
By the employment of the improved system it is rendered possible, first, to
employ any description of coal or wood, lignite, peat, mineral oils, or other fuel
for the production of the gas; secondly, to change. the quantity of gas produced,
and consequently the quantity employed, and thereby raise or lower the temperature
of the apparatus to be heated. The yield of the apparatus is increased or diminished
according to circumstances.
In metallurgical operations, more especially in the manufacture of steel, for
example, in what are known as Pernot's furnaces, in glass works, and in blast.
furnaces, in which gas and air are supplied under high pressure, and generally in
all the kindred arts, the application of this Invention will be attended with
considerable saving of expense.
It is of importance that in the gas furnaces, where the air and gas are treated
previously to their mixture, the air should be supplied under the same pressure as
the gas; in this case the apparatus for supplying air may be similar to the one
employed for imparting pressure to the gas, or of any other suitable construction,
but it is always necessary to adjust the supply in such a manner as to cause the
air and gas to meet in the furnace under the same pressure.
This result may be
readily obtained by mounting a fan for supplying the air upon the same axis as
the fan for supplying the gas.
In the case of Pernot's furnace, in which the mixture of gas and air is delivered
at right angles on the sole or hearth, the effect obtained will be similar to that of
a blow pipe, and this effect, combined with the rotatory motion of the sole or
hearth, will produce a very elevated and at the same time uniform temperature,
whereby the fusion will be accelerated and the yield increased.
When it is desired to produce very large masses or ingots, and when in order to
obtain the requisite quantity of metal it is necessary to employ several furnaces, it
is essential that the contents of all the furnaces should be ready at the same time.
By means of this Invention all the furnaces may be readily caused to work under
the same conditions, as it is rendered possible to raise or lower the temperature at
pleasure and with great celerity.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is an elevation partly in section of an
apparatus constructed and arranged according to the said Invention, and Figure 2
is a detail showing the fan or blower in section.
In this apparatus, which is given as an example of the manner in which the
Invention may be carried into effect, the gases generated in a gas generator A
constructed for burning coal or any other suitable substance are caused to pass
through a flue or chimney B provided with suitable valves or dampers. This flue
communicates with a fan or other suitable blowing apparatus C, which delivers the
gas to the furnace through a channel F. Air is supplied to the furnace at the
same time through a corresponding flue or passage G similarly provided with a
blowing apparatus D, which (as in the example illustrated) may be actuated by the
same shaft as the apparatus for supplying the gas.
Two or more compressing apparatus may be employed in conjunction if
desired.
The following advantages are obtained by the employment of the improved
system, videlicet:-
First. A considerable saving in fuel.
Secondly. Facility is afforded for utilising all descriptions of combustible
materials.
Thirdly. The heating is performed with great regularity.
Fourthly. The amount of gas produced in a given time is increased and the
fusion is accelerated.
Fifthly. The quantity and uniformity of the product is increased.
Sixthly. Great facility is afforded for working the furnaces when casting large
masses.
Seventhly. The fire is rendered capable of being urged suddenly and with
great effect.
Eighthly. The process is capable of being employed and of yielding economical
results in blast furnaces for smelting purposes.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before
in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The employment in the conduits for the gas between the generator or
other source and the metallurgical or other furnace or apparatus of one or more
compressing apparatus for the purpose of delivering the gases under a certain
pressure to the working chamber of the furnace or apparatus, substantially as
herein before described.
Second. The combination of a compressing apparatus for the gas and a
compressing apparatus for the air, arranged and adjusted in such a manner that
the air and the gases are supplied to the metallurgical or other furnaces or apparatus
under the same pressure, substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have. to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.