IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMITATING VARIOUS FANCY Woons MARRIES GRANITES AND STENCILLINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Kershaw, of Baker Street, Portman Square,
in the County of Middlesex, House Painter and Decorator, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMITATING VARIOUS FANCY
Woons MARRIES GRANITES AND STENCILLINGS"
Scaled the 14th December 1860, and dated the 18th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Kershaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
June 1860.
I, THOMAS KERSHAW, of Baker Street, Portman Square, in the County of
Middlesex, House Painter and Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMITATING VARIOUS
FANCY WOODS, MARBLES, GRANITES, AND STENCILLINGS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate more particularly to the cylinder for imitating
the veining and natural appearance of the wood, as described in the Speci-
fication of Letters Patent grauted unto Edmund Barber, and enrolled in the
Court of Chancery on or about the 11th day of April, 1846, No. 10,880, and
of which Letters Patent I am the sole assignee. For the better imitating of
different woods and marbles by the cylinder, certain parts on the carved
surface of the leather on the cylinder are ground down by any suitable means,
for the purpose of imitating the half lights, which, by this means are done at
the same time. For the imitation of stencillings the surface of the leather
Pine

page_text: cylinder is cut or engraved to any desired pattern, the design being in relief,
and the wall or part to be operated upon covered with color, when on running
it over with the engraved leather-cylinder, the design or relief will take up the
color in the exact shape or form as engraved; or the color may be put on by
the cylinder. The roller is supported and held by a handle fastened to a
frame which embraces the cylinder, and is attached thereto by a screw, pin, or
other similar contrivance passing through the axis of the cylinder; more
command is thus obtained over the cylinder than by the ordinary method of a
simple axis held by both hands.
For the imitation of marble upon painted deal, stone, cement, slate, iron,
zinc, paper, glass, or any other surface. The leather being cut to imitate the
various veins natural to the marbles, in most cases the color is laid on the
painted or other surface, several tints for each marble, the cylinder is then
passed over, the projecting surfaces of which take up the color according to
the design cut thereon. In some marbles the color is put on the cylinder,
which transfers it on to the surface to be marbled, and when this is done the
color or colors are blended together with a softener, as commonly used for
that purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Kershaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
KERSHAW, of Baker Street, Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex,
House Painter and Decorator, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Kershaw, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Kershaw, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Kershaw, my executors,. administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR IMITATING VARIOUS FANCY WOODS, MARBLES, GRANITES, AND STENCILLINGS,"

page_text: upon the condition (amongst others), that 1, the said Thomas Kersnaw,
my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Kershaw, do hereby declare
the nature of my said 'Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
These improvements relate more particularly to the cylinder for imitating
theveining and natural appearance of the wood, as described in the Specification
of Letters Patent granted unto Edmund Barber, and enrolled in the.Court of
Chancery on or about the Eleventh day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-six, No. 11,880, and of which Letters Patent I am the sole assignee.
For the better imitating of different woods and marbles by the cylinder,
certain parts on the carved surface of the leather on the cylinder are ground
down by any suitable means for the purpose of imitating the half lights, which,
by this means, are done at the same time. For the imitation of stencillings
the surface of the leather cylinder is cut or engraved to any desired pattern,
the design being in relief, and the wall or part to be operated upon covered
with color, when on running it over with the engraved leather cylinder, the
design or relief will take up the color in the exact shape or form as engraved;
or the color may be put on by the cylinder. The roller is supported; and held
by a handle fastened to a frame which embraces the cylinder, and is attached
thereto by a screw, pin, or other similar contrivance,passing through the axis
of the cylinder; more command is thus obtained over the cylinder than by
the ordinary method of a single axis held by both hands.
For the imitation of marble upon painted deal, stone, cement, slate, iron,
zinc,.paper, glass, or any other surface. The leather being cut to imitate the
various veins naturel to the marbles, in most cases the color is laid on the
painted or other surface, several tints for each, marble, the cylinder is then
passed.over, the projecting surfaces of which take up the color according to
the design cut thereon. In some marbles the color is put on the cylinder,
which transfers it on to the surface to be marbled, and when this is done
the color or colors are blended together with a softener, as commonly used
for that purpose.
The feather in the grain of mahogany is produced also by means of engraved

page_text: leather, but in a somewhat different manner to the rest. The leather in
this case is not fastened on a cylinder, but is lapped round a roller with
one end loose; by this means any length of feather may be made without a
large cylinder, and it is easier to get into corners.
That the Invention may be more fully understood, I will proceed to
describe the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, and forming part of this
Specification.
5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1, front elevation of a cylinder for imitating satin wood; Fig. 2, a
perspective of a cylinder for imitating oak vein; Fig. 3, front elevation of a
cylinder for imitating marble; Fig. 4, elevation, shewing the roller for
imitating a mahogany feather; Fig. 5, elevation of a cylinder for oak heart;
Fig. 6, elevation of a cylinder for stencilling; Figs. 7 and 8, details of the
handle for cylinders. In each of the above Figures the same letters of
reference indicate like parts.
that on
The cylinders B, B, are made of leather of a good thickness, such as
buffalo hide, the pattern of the wood, marble, or other material to be imitated
being engraved thereon. Where half-lights are required in the grain, the
surface on the cylinder instead of being cut may be ground slightly down, so
passing it over the net color, being only partially in contact, it does
not take up so much as the parts immediately in contact. The leathers are
cut and engraved before placing them on the cylinders, and when made to the
proper lengths the ends are cemented, they are then put into the cylinders,
which I prefer to make of zinc, as being less liable to oxidation. One end C,
see Fig. 2, of the cylinders is loose, and may be taken out, so that when it is
necessary to carry several of different sizes they may be placed one within the
other, and thus be very portable. The cross bar F, attached to the handle A,
embraces the cylinder lengthways, and a screwed pin G, see Figs. 7 and 8, is
inserted through holes provided, and also passes through the axis of the
cylinders, and is thus secured, but permits it to turn easily on its axis. In
Fig. 5, D is the back of the engraved leather, and-B, the engraved surface,
and it is shewn partly lapped round the roller H, provided with a handle
at each extremity. M represents a mahogany feather, made by winding the
engraved leather on the roller.
Any other kind of wood, marble, granite, or stencilling may be imitated
in a similar manner if the leather is engraved and cut to the proper design
for the material required.
In using these cylinders the color may either be put on previous to passing

page_text: over the cylinder, in which case the leather would take up the color, or the
color may
be put on the leather, and the cylinder then passed over a pre-
pared surface.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to any particular design of wood graining,marble,
or stencilling; but what I desire to have secured to me by these Letters
Patent is, the apparatus for imitating various fancy woods, marbles, granites,
and stencilling, by means of cylinders covered with engraved and other
prepared leather, the half-lights being made at one and the same time, and
the whole constructed substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Kershaw, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
(L.8.) THOMAS KERSHAW.