Improvements in and connected with Water-tube Steam Boilers.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Water-tube Steam Boilers.
We, JOHN HAYTHORN, of Ivy Cottage, Mansewood, Pollokshaws, in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, and the HAYTHORN TUBULOUS BOILER
SYNDICATE LIMITED, of 24, George Square, in the County of Glasgow, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to
say:-
The said invention has for its object to improve the construction and arrange-
ment of water-tube steam boilers of the kind having a stack of inclined tubes
constituting the main heating surface, arranged in vertical sets or sections, so as
to increase the efficiency of such boilers and reduce the floor space occupied by a
group of such boilers.
In carrying out the invention according to one modification, the main body of
the tubes constituting the stack are of the type having one closed end and having
an internal circulating tube the tubes being arranged in vertical sets or sections
each section comprising, by preference, two vertical rows of tubes the front ends
of which are secured in a header. As hitherto constructed the upper ends of the
sets of headers have communication with a single opening in the underside of a
water and steam drum there being thus no proper separation of the up and down
currents which caused imperfect circulation and noise when the boiler was in
use. To overcome this objection the device described in Patent Specification
No. 12846 of 1894 is employed the upper ends of the sets of headers being secured
to and communicating with a box or casing extending nearly the full length of
the water and steam drum. This box or casing is divided by a partition and the
water and steam pass up on the inner side of the partition into a narrow space
formed by the shell of the drum and an inner shell before entering the drum the
down current of water passing on the other side of the partition. The up and down
currents are thus completely separated at the entrance to the drum
The down cast portion of each header is extended down for some distance below
the set of closed end generating tubes in each section and ordinary straight tubes,
extend from the bottom of each header towards the back of the boiler where they
are connected by junction boxes with tubes extending to the front of the boiler
and fixed in the upward portion of the header. These two layers of tubes are
inclined in opposite directions so that a combustion space is formed above the
lowest layer of tubes, the gases from the furnace beneath passing into this space
either through the openings between the tubes or by lateral passages or in both
directions.
The generating tubes are secured to the header in an improved manner the
large tubes being screwed into thickened bosses formed on the inner face of the
header either hard up to a collar formed on the tube or tightened to header face
by a back nut. The small internal circulating tubes are passed through openings
in the front side of the header and are screwed into nuts which are fixed into the
diaphragm which separates the up and down currents in the header. This arrange-
ment reduces the size of the opening necessary in the front of the header. Three

page_text: or other suitable number of snugs are formed around each opening and there is
provided dome-shaped pieces made with a corresponding number of projections
which can be inserted into the spaces between the snugs. On each dome-shaped
piece being turned the necessary distance the projections on it will engage under-
neath the snugs. Each dome-shaped piece is made with a central screwed opening
to receive a screwed pin the inner end of which will bear on the outside of a cover
placed over each opening in the header and when the pin is screwed up the
opening will be effectually closed.
According to a second modification ordinary plain straight tubes are employed
in each section. Each of these tubes extend with an upward inclination from a
header at the front to a junction box at the back and again, inclining upwards,
from the junction box back to the header; or the tubes may simply be bent round
at the back end, the junction boxes being dispensed with. The header is con-
nected with a box or casing communicating with the steam drum as in the modifi-
cation hereinbefore described, and it is also divided by an internal partition
into vertical passages for the up and down currents. This partition extends from
front to back of the header at the part where the tubes are connected to the
header but above this part it is gradually curved round until at the upper end it
extends from side to side of the header and is thus in a line with the partition in
the casing communicating with the steam drum. The circulation will thus be first
down one side of the header, through the tubes from front to back of the boiler
then back again to the other side of the header and up into the steam drum.
combustion space may also be arranged above the lowest layer of tubes, and
tube doors may also be provided as in the modification herein before
described; and the tubes may be connected to the headers by expanding them
therein or by any of the modifications of differential screw joint described in
Patent Specifications Nos. 9570 or 12846 of 1894.
A
According to a third modification separate pipes or passages for the downward
flow of the water preferably one at each side of the front of the stack of tubes are
provided.
These pipes communicate at the top with the drum and at the bottom with a
horizontal box extending across underneath the front ends of the stack of tubes.
From this box headers extend upwards these headers being closed at their upper
ends and a vertical set or section of tubes extend from them as in the second
modification herein before described the return tubes communicating in turn with
separate headers closed at their lower ends connected to and depending from a box
or casing communicating with the steam drum.
There is thus alternately an upwardly extending and a depending header
extending across the front of the boiler between the separate downward-flow pipe
or passage at each side. The circulation will thus be first down the pipes at each
side into the horizontal box then up the first mentioned headers, along the tubes,
back upwards to the depending headers and into the drum.
The headers used in this modification may be cast as usual but they are by
preference made from wrought iron, or from steel drawn from a solid billet of
metal over a mandril in a somewhat similar manner to that employed in drawing
what are known as solid-drawn tubes. The usual openings are afterwards formed
in the front and back of these drawn headers the ends of the tubes being expanded
in the back openings in the usual manner through the front openings, or the
tubes may be attached to the inner face of the header by any of the modifications
of differential screw joint described in Patent Specifications Nos. 9570 or 12846
of 1894. The tube doors to close the front openings are of an improved construc-
tion, a groove being formed down each side of each header near the front: and a
bridge piece is provided for each opening. The bridge pieces are made with
prongs on their ends and with a central screwed opening to receive a screwed
pin. The prongs are inserted in the ends of the grooves and the bridge piece is
moved along until opposite the desired opening then the pin is screwed up until
its end bears with the necessary pressure on the outside of a cover placed over the

page_text: opening sc as to effectually close it. In the space behind or at the side and top
of the stack of tubes in any of the modifications hereinbefore described between the
stack and the outer casing of the boiler there may be arranged a row of more or
less vertical tubes communicating with an upper and lower horizontal pipe, the
upper pipe communicating in turn with the water and steam drum, these pipes
and tubes being utilised to act as feed water heater by passing the water supply
for the boiler through them.
Dated this Thirteenth day of December 1899
Improvements in and connected with Water-tube Steam Boilers.
We, JOHN HAYTHORN, of Ivy Cottage, Mansewood, Pollokshaws, in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, and the HAYTHORN TUBULOUS BOILER
SYNDICATE LIMITED, of 24, George Square, in the County of Glasgow, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement that is to say:-
The said invention has for its object to improve the construction and arrange-
ment of water-tube steam boilers, of the kind having a stack of inclined tubes
constituting the main heating surface, arranged in vertical sets or sections, so as
to increase the efficiency of such boilers and reduce the floor space occupied by a
group of such boilers.
And in order that the said invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood there are hereunto appended five sheets of drawings
to be hereinafter referred to in describing the improvements.
Figure, 1, on Sheet, 1, of the accompanying drawings is a side elevation partly
in section of one modification of the improvements.
Figure, 2, is a front elevation of a portion of this modification. Figures, 3,
and 4, Sheet 2 are elevations as at right angles to each other of details. Figure, 5,
on Sheet, 3, is a side elevation partly in section of a second modification. Figure, 6,
is a vertical section, Figure, 7, a side elevation at right angles to Figure, 6, and
Figures 8, 9, and 10, are horizontal sections all drawn to a larger scale of a portion
of this modification. Figure, 11, is a partial back elevation of a portion of this
modification. Figures 12, and 13, on. Sheet 4, are vertical sections at right angles
to each other of a third modification, and Figure, 14, on Sheet, 5, is a horizontal
section of details. In these drawings the same reference letters and numerals are
used to mark the same or like parts whereever they are repeated.
In carrying out the invention according to the modification shown in Figures, 1,
to 4, the main body of the tubes constituting the stack are of the type having an
outer tube, A, with one closed end and an internal circulating tube, A 1, the
tubes being arranged in vertical sets or sections, each section comprising, by
preference, two vertical rows of tubes the front ends of which are secured, as
hereinafter described, in a header, A2, two of which are shown separately in
Figure, 2. As hitherto constructed the upper ends of the sets of headers, A2,
have communication with a single opening in the underside of a water-and-steam
drum, B, there being thus no proper separation of the up and down currents
which caused imperfect circulation and noise when the boiler was in use.
overcome this the device described in Patent Specification No. 12846 of 1894, is
To

page_text: employed. The upper ends of the sets of headers, A2, are secured to and com-
municate with a box or casing, B1, extending nearly the full length of the water-
and-steam drum, B. This box or casing B1, is divided by a partition, B2, and
the water and steam pass upon the inner side of the partition, B2, into a narrow
space, B3, formed by the shell of the drum, and an inner shell, B4, before
entering the drum, the down current of water passing on the other side of the
partition, B2. The up and down currents are thus completely separated at the
entrance to the drum, B.
The diaphragm, A3, which, separates the up and down currents in the
headers, A2, is closed at, A4, Figure 1, and the downcast portion of each header
is extended down for some distance below the set of tubes, A, A 1, in each section
and two straight tubes, C, for each section extend from the bottom of each
header, A2, towards the back of the boiler where they are connected by double
junction boxes, C1, with similar tubes, C2, extending to the front of the boiler
and fixed in the upward portion of the headers, A2. These two layers of tubes, C,
C2, are inclined in opposite directions so that a combustion space, C3, is formed
above the lowest layer, C, the gases from the furnace, C4, beneath passing into
this space, C3, either through openings between the tubes, C, or by lateral passages
or in both directions.
The generating tubes, A, A 1, are secured to the headers, A.2, in an improved
manner, the large tubes, A, being screwed into thickened bosses, A 5, formed on
the inner face of the header, A2, either hard up to a collar which may be formed
on each tube, A, or, as shown in Figure, 4, each tube, A, may be tightened to the
header face by a back nut, A 6. The small internal circulating tubes, A 1, are
passed through openings, D, in the front side of the header, A2, and an externally
screwed collar, D1, fixed on the outer end of each tube, A1, is screwed into a
corresponding nut, or ring, D2, screwed into the diaphragm, A 3, which separates
the up and down currents in the headers A2. This arrangement reduces the size
of the openings, D, necessary in the front of the header, A2. Three, or other
suitable number of snugs, D3, are formed around each opening, D, and there are
provided dome-shaped pieces, D4, made with a corresponding number of projec-
tions, D5, which can be inserted into the spaces between the snugs, D3.
each dome-shaped piece, D4, being turned the necessary distance the projec-
tions D5, on it will engage underneath the snugs, D3. Each dome-shaped
piece, 4, is made with a central screwed opening to receive a screwed pin, D6,
the inner end of which will bear on the outside of a cover, D7, placed over each
opening, D, in the header, A2, and when the pin, D6, is screwed up the opening
will be effectually closed.
On
In the space behind the stack of tubes between the stack and the outer casing, E,
of the boiler there are arranged a row of tubes, E1, communicating with lower
and upper horizontal pipes, E2, E3, the upper pipe, E3, being made to com-
municate in any suitable known manner with the water-and-steam drum, B, these
pipes, E2, E3, and tubes, E1, being utilised to act as a feed-water heater by
passing the water supply for the boiler through them. Instead of these tubes, E 1,
being arranged at the back of the stack they may be arranged to extend up at
the side or sides of the stack.
According to a second modification shown in Figures, 5 to 11, ordinary plain
straight tubes, A, are employed in each section. Each of these tubes, A, extends
with an upward inclination from a header, A 2, at the front to a junction box, E 4,
at the back and again inclining upwards from the junction box back to the
header, A2; or the tubes, A, may simply be bent round at the back end the
junction boxes being dispensed with.
The header, A 2, for each section is connected with a box or casing, B1, com-
municating with the water-and-steam drum, B, as in the modification herein before
described; and it is also divided by an internal partition or diaphragm, A 3, into
vertical passages for the up and down currents. This partition, A 3, extends from
front to back of the header for a portion of its length as shown by Figure, 9,

page_text: which is a section as at c-c, Figure, 6. Above this part it is gradually curved
round until it extends diagonally across the header, A2, as shown by Figure, 8,
which is a section at bb, Figure, 6, and it is gradually curved still further round
until, as shown by Figure, 10, which is a section at a-a, Figure 7, at the upper
end it extends from side to side of the header, A2, and is thus in a line with
the partition, B2, in the casing, B1, communicating with the drum, B. The
circulation will thus be first down one side, F, of the header, A 2, through the
tubes, A, from front to back of the boiler then back again to the other side, F 1,
of the header, A2, and up into the drum, B. A combustion space, C3, similar
to that in the modification herein before described is also arranged, the bottom end
of the header, A2, for each section in this modification communicating with the
pair of tubes, C, forming the lowest layer of tubes, by means of a pipe, F2, and
these two tubes, C, for each section communicate in turn by a special junction
box, 3, with only one return tube, C2, for each section, extending forward to
the front of the boiler and fixed in the upward portion, F 1, of each header, A 2.
The junction boxes, F3, are made each with two openings at their lower ends to
receive the ends of each pair of tubes, C, these two openings converging into one
discharge at the upper end for the single return tube, C2, of each section,
Figure, 11, shows the inner face of the headers, A2, for two sections, there being
also shown at the upper end of the right-hand header, one tube, A, extending
from the header to its back junction box, E4, and again back to the header. The
tubes may be secured to the headers and junction boxes by expanding them
therein; or by any of the modifications of differential screw joint described in
Patent Specifications Nos. 9570 or 12,846 of 1894. Or the method employed for
securing the tubes used in the third modification hereinafter described may also
be employed in this modification.
According to a third modification shown in Figures, 12, 13, and 14, separate
pipes or passages, G, for the downward flow of the water, preferably one at each
side of the front of the stack of tubes are provided. These pipes, G, (of which
only one is shown in Figure, 12) communicate at the top through the end portion
of the casing, B1, with the drum, B, and at the bottom with a horizontal box, G 1,
extending across underneath the front ends of the stack of tubes. From this
box, G1, headers, G2, extend upwards these headers being closed at their upper
ends and a vertical set or section of tubes, A, extend from them as in the second
modification herein before described, the return tubes communicating in turn with
separate headers, G3, connected to and depending from the casing, B1, com-
municating with the drum, B, these depending headers being closed at their bottom
ends. There is thus alternately an upwardly extending header, G2, and a depend-
ing header, G3, extending across the front of the boiler between the separate
downward flow pipe or passage, G, at each side. The circulation will thus be first
down the pipes, G, at each side into the horizontal box, G 1, then up the first
mentioned headers, G2, along the tubes, A, back upwards to the depending
headers, G3, and into the drum, B.
A combustion space, C3, is provided similar to that shown in the second modi-
fication hereinbefore described.
The headers, G2, G3, used in this modification may be cast as usual but they
are, by preference, made from wrought iron, or from steel drawn from a solid
billet of metal over a mandril in a somewhat similar manner to that employed
in drawing what are known as solid-drawn tubes. The usual openings are after-
wards formed in the front and back of these drawn headers, and as shown in
Figure, 14, the openings in the back of the headers, G2, G3, and also in the back
junction boxes, E4, are screwed; and the ends of the tubes, A, are made with a
corresponding external screw. The tubes, A, are first screwed into the headers, G 2,
G3, and then back into the junction boxes, E4, after which nuts, G4, on the
tubes are screwed up against the inside of the headers and the junction boxes.
Instead of securing the tubes as described the ends of the tubes may simply be
expanded in the openings in the usual manner; or the tubes may be attached

page_text: by any of the modifications of differential screw joint described in Patent Specifi-
cations Nos. 9570 or 12,846 of 1894.
The tube doors to close the front openings, D, are of an improved construction.
A groove, H, is formed down each side of each header, G2, G3, near the front;
and a bridge piece, H 1, is provided for each opening. The bridge pieces, H 1,
are made with prongs, H2, on their ends and with a central screwed opening to
receive a screwed pin, H3. The prongs, H2, are inserted in the ends of the
grooves, H, and the bridge pieces, H 1, are moved along until each is opposite
its respective opening then the pin, H3, is screwed up until its end bears with the
necessary pressure on the outside of a cover, H4, placed over the opening, 1), so
as to effectually close it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1-In connection with water-tube steam boilers in which the main body of the
tubes are of the type having large tubes with smaller circulating tubes therein, a
header made with bosses around each opening in the inner face into which the
large tubes are screwed either hard up to a collar formed on the tube or tightened
to header face by a back nut and nuts or rings in the openings in the diaphragm
which separates the up and down currents in the header into which nuts the ends
of the smaller circulating tubes are screwed, combined with a box or casing
securing the upper ends of the headers to, and communicating with the water-and-
steam drum, this box or casing being divided by a partition extending up from
the diaphragms in the headers to an inner shell in the drum so placed that a
narrow space is formed between that shell and a part of the outer shell of the drum,
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and as shown in
Figures, 1 to 4, of the accompanying drawings.
In combination with the subject matter of Claim 1, hereof, the arrange-
ment of straight tubes extending from the bottom of the headers upwards towards
the back of the boiler where they are connected by junction boxes with tubes
extending upwards and forwards to the front of the boiler and fixed in the uptake
portion of the headers substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
3-In water-tube steam boilers of the kind having a stack of inclined tubes
communicating through headers with a water-and-steam drum, three or other
suitable number of snugs formed round each opening in the front of the header
with which engage a corresponding number of projections on dome-shaped pieces
each made with a central screwed opening to receive a screwed pin the inner end
of which will bear on the outside of a cover placed over each opening in the header
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
4-In water-tube steam boilers, straight tubes extending with an upward inclina-
tion from headers at the front to the back of the boiler and again; inclining
upwards, back to the headers, each header being divided by a partition extending
from front to back for a portion of its height above which it is gradually curved
round until at the upper end it extends from side to side and is in line with
a partition in a casing securing the upper ends of the headers to, and communi-
cating with a water-and-steam drum, the casing partition being connected to an
inner shell in the drum so placed that a narrow space is formed between that
shell and a part of the outer shell of the drum substantially as and for the pur-
poses hereinbefore described and as shown in Figures, 5 to 11, of the accompany-
ing drawings.
5-In water-tube steam boilers, straight tubes extending with an upward
inclination from headers at the front to the back of the boiler and again inclining
upwards back to the headers, each header being divided by a partition extending
from front to back for a portion of its height above which it is gradually curved
round until at the upper end it extends from side to side, substantially as and

page_text: for the purposes hereinbefore described and as shown in Figures, 5 to 11, of the
accompanying drawings.
6-In combination with the subject matter of Claim, 4, hereof, the arrange-
ment of a lower layer of straight tubes extending upwards towards the back of
the boiler where they are connected by junction boxes with tubes extending
upwards and forwards to the front of the boiler and fixed in the uptake portion
of the headers substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
7-The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the improved water-
tube steam boiler substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures, 12, 13, and 14, of the accompanying drawings.
8-In connection with water-tube steam boilers having headers and a stack of
inclined tubes, a groove formed down each side of each header near the front, in
which slide prongs on the ends of a number of bridge pieces provided one for
each opening in the front of each header, each bridge piece having a central
screwed opening to receive a screwed pin the inner end of which will bear on the
outside of a cover placed over each opening in the front of each header, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
9-In connection with water-tube steam boilers having front headers and a
stack of inclined tubes, the arrangement, in the space behind or at the sides and
top of the stack of tubes and between the stack and the outer casing of the
boiler, of a row of tubes communicating with lower and upper horizontal pipes,
the upper pipe communicating in turn with the water-and-steam drum sub-
stantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twelfth day of September 1900.