Improvements in Apparatus for Cutting, Carving, Profiling, Milling, Routing, and similar Operations.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Cutting, Carving, Profiling, Milling,
Routing, and similar Operations.
We, LUIGI FILIPPO CAMPI, of 14, Claremont Square, in the County of London,
Engineer, and PHINEAS LAWRENCE, of 57, Shoe Lane, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for cutting, carving, profiling, milling,
routing, and similar operations, and has reference more particularly to the mill-
ing or die-cutting machine described in the Specification of the British Letters
Patent No. 28358 of 1897.
The said invention is designed to enable the principle of having one single
handle for controlling all the movements of the tool and tracer to be applied
to a machine having arrangements for making work with an uneven surface,
for making copies of a pattern to a different scale than the original, and also for
making such work as the teeth of ratchet and spur wheels.
The said invention is further designed to enable work to be produced, if
desired, either with or without a template, pattern, or drawing.
According to the invention, the machine is constructed so that the operating
handle can be placed either in an upright position, as in the aforesaid patent,
or in a horizontal position, or at other suitable angle. We also arrange on it,
arms for carrying the tracer and the tool, and the scale of the work is determined
by the positions of these parts relatively to the fulcrum of the lever.
According to one arrangement when the arm is upright, the tracing point
may be arranged at a higher level than the tool, with its point directed down-
wards, whilst that of the tool is directed upwards, or vice versa, the tracer and the
tool being, if desired, on opposite sides of the handle. The arrangement for
carrying the tool may be substantially like that in the former patent, and the
pattern or design be arranged above the work, and under the tracing point.
The tool-holder may be clamped to the carrier plate, so that it can be inclined
to different angles, for which purpose it may be mounted on a centre pin and
have clamping bolts working in segmental grooves in the plate. Since this will
cause the pulley on the tool-spindle to assume different angles, the guide pulleys
for the driving belt may be arranged on a spindle working in slots in the frame,
so that they can be raised and lowered to adjust them as required.
Moreover, the tool-holder may be mounted on a slide, and be connected with
a lever having a flexible connection with a foot lever, whereby the tool can be
raised or lowered, the movement of the tool in the opposite direction being
effected by a spring, or otherwise. This arrangement enables work having an
uneven surface, such as carvings, to be produced.
By arranging the handle horizontally, and by suitably adjusting the connected

page_text: parts, the tool can also be caused to move simultaneously up and down as well
as to and fro, thus giving a compound motion by the handle alone. This is more
specially useful for cutting surfaces in which the inequalities are very irregular,
but may likewise be applied to the cutting of the teeth of ratchet and other gear
wheels.
Dated this 11th day of September 1890
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and
5A, Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cutting, Carving, Profiling, Milling,
Routing, and similar Operations.
We, LUIGI FILIPPO CAMPI, of 14, Claremont Square, in the County of London,
Engineer, and PHINEAS LAWRENCE, of 57, Shoe Lane, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
This invention relates to apparatus for cutting, carving, profiling, milling,
routing, and similar operations, and has reference more particularly to the mill-
ing or die-cutting machine described in the Specification of the British Letters
Patent No. 28358 of 1897.
The said invention is designed to enable the principle of having one single
handle for controlling all the movements of the tool, and tracer, to be applied
to a machine having arrangements for making copies of a pattern to a different
scale than the original; for making such work as the teeth of ratchet and spur
wheels; and also for producing work with an uneven surface.
The said invention is further designed to enable work to be produced, if
desired, either with or without a template, pattern, or drawing.
According to the invention, the machine is constructed so that the operating
handle can be placed either in an upright position, as in the aforesaid patent,
or in a horizontal position, or at other suitable angle. We also arrange on it
arms for carrying the tracer and the tool, and the scale of the work is determined
by the positions of these parts relatively to the fulcrum of the lever.
And in order that our improvements may be readily understood, we will
describe them fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Fig. 1 is a side view, and Fig. 2 a plan of one form of machine constructed
according to this invention, having an upright operating arm or handle.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line X, X, of Fig. 1 looking towards the left.
Fig. 4 is a side view, and Fig. 5 a plan representing a modification having the
operating handle horizontal, and suitable for cutting wheel teeth and like
operations.
Fig. 6 shews an arrangement for moving the tool up and down, as for carving.
Fig. 7 shews an arrangement for enabling the tool to be adjusted to different
angles.

page_text: ferring more particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, it will be seen that an arrange-
ment of slides, substantially like that in the former patent is employed, a being
the revolving tool or milling cutter, and an adjustable tool-holder mounted on
a slide c. This latter works on a guide d projecting from another slide e which,
5 in turn, works on a bracelet f and travels at right angles to the slide c.
The upright handle, by which the tool is operated, is shewn at g. It is pivoted
to a universal joint h and is connected by another universal joint i with an arm
projecting from the slide c through an opening or slot k in the guide d. The
arm is not connected rigidly to the universal joints, but is fitted so that it can
slide up and down through eyes in their central portions thus facilitating the
manipulation.
o is the tracing point, which is arranged at a higher level than the tool, with
its point directed downward, and p is the arm by which the said tracing point is
carried. is a socket at the end of the arm p in which the tracing point can
slide up and down, a spring being provided, if desired, to press the tracer
downward.
The above arrangements enable the tool to follow accurately the movements
of the handle, thus for instance, when the tool moves from right to left, the
slide c travels correspondingly in the guide d, whilst when the handle is moved
towards or away from the operator the slide e is operated and carries with it
the said arm and the parts connected therewith. Furthermore, if the handle
be moved at an angle, or in a curve, both the slides c and e will then partake in
the movement and the tool will follow the same direction as the handle.
The work may be carried as indicated at 1, on a pair of top rails m, which may
be made adjustable by any suitable means, and to which it can be fixed in any
convenient manner. If desired, and especially if large work is to be dealt with,
it may be arranged upon a pair of slides travelling at right angles to one another,
after the manner of a slide rest in a lathe, thus enabling the various parts of the
work to be brought accurately over the tool in case the design should be so large
as to extend beyond the ordinary range of the latter.
At the commencement of the working, a hole is preferably first drilled in
the work to enable the tool to pass through it. Or a series of holes approxi-
mately following the outline of the design may be cut through the work, in which
case all the tool has to do is to cut away the material between the holes.
Assuming the tool to be passed through the work, as in Fig. 1, the operator
grasps the handle and moves it in such a direction as to cause the tool to cut out
the required design which, in many cases, can be done direct without any pattern
or template being required.
If, however, a pattern or template be employed, it may be clamped by the side
of the work, as shewn at n, and the tracer o is guided over it, sliding up and down
freely in the socket and so keeping in proper contact with the template.
The tracer and the tool always move together, being both under the control
of the lever handle g, and as the operator guides the tracer over the pattern .or
template, so the tool will automatically follow and cut the required design in
he work.
In the arrangement illustrated, the arm p for the tracing point is connected
the lever handle at a point much further from the pivot h than the universal
oint whence the tool derives its motion. Hence the work produced is smaller
han the design on the pattern or template. The size of the work compared
with that of the pattern may be varied by altering the position of the arm p
elatively to the joint i.
The revolving tool is driven by a band r on a pulleys on the tool spindle,
nd in order to enable the band to follow the movements of the tool it is guided
ya set of guide pulleys t which can slide freely on their spindles u.
hese pulleys are carried by a movable frame v from which hang weights w for
Two of
aintaining a tension on the band. Thus, as the tool moves to and fro, the slack
ill be taken up automatically, whilst the sliding of the pulleys on their

page_text: spindles will enable the band to follow the movements of the tool across the
machine. It will be observed that the pulley is arranged beneath the tool
holder, but obviously the latter may be so placed in the side c, that the pulley
would be above it and the tool a be directed downward. In this case the work
would be appropriately supported beneath the tool, and the direction of the
driving band would be correspondingly altered.
are the standards of the machine, and y is a roller support for the end of the
arm d, this support running on the bed or table z.
Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5 in which the lever handle g is arranged hori-
zontally, the slide e works in guides on the table z and its arm is arranged
vertically so that the slide c can move up and down, or to and fro, thus giving
a compound motion across the machine, but not lengthwise thereof. The tool
is arranged horizontally so that as it moves up and down it cuts through the edge
of the work, for instance to form teeth in a wheel. The work may be mounted
on a support 1 so as to permit of being turned a suitable distance after each
operation of the cutter, ready for the next action; and, if desired, a tracing point
may be arranged substantially as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 to enable a pattern to be
followed.
The arrangement shewn in Fig. 6 is designed to be used in a machine of the
type shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, when it is desired to have the tool above the
work for producing relief work. In this case the tool can move in the direction
of its length in addition to its other movements, and instead of going completely
through the work it acts only on the upper surface thereof. The sliding tool-
holder is, in this case, connected to a lever 2 pivoted on the said slide. This
lever, in its turn, has a flexible connection 3 with a foot lever 4 (see also Fig. 1)
by pressing down which latter the holder b, and with it the tool, can be drawn
down slightly, the raising of the tool holder being effected by a spring 5. The
extent of these up and down movements is usually only small, say about 1.5
to 3 m/mi., but obviously they may be of greater extent, if desired, whereas in
Figs. 4 and 5 the lateral movements are only in one direction, but the range of
up and down motion is comparatively large.
In the arrangement shewn in Fig. 7 for inclining the tool to different angles,
the tool holder d is provided with a pair of lugs 6, having segmental slots 7
through which pass tightening bolts 8 for clamping the holder to the slide c.
When these bolts are slackened the slide can be turned on a pivot 9 to bring
the tool to any desired inclination, after which it can be fixed in position by
tightening up the bolts. After this, the band r is, if necessary, adjusted to
make it run properly on the pulley s, this being effected by raising, or lowering,
the nearest pair of guide pulleys t. To this end, the spindle of the said pair of
pulleys is arranged adjustably in slots 10 in the frame of the machine, so that
they can be raised, or lowered, as required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is.:-
-
1. In a machine for cutting, carving, profiling, milling, routing and similar
operations, the arrangement in which the tracer and cutting tool are connected to
the operating handle at different points, substantially as described with reference
to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, and for the purpose set forth.
2. The construction wherein the operating handle and the tool are arranged
horizontally so as to enable gear wheels and similar work to be produced, sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings.
3. The arrangement for imparting to the cutting tool an endwise movement
by means of a foot lever, so as to enable it to produce work in relief, substantially
as described with reference to Fig. 6 of the drawings.
4. The means for adjusting the inclination of the cutting tool, substantially
as described with reference to Fig. 7 of the drawings.

page_text: 5. A machine for cutting, carving, milling, profiling, routing, and similar
operations, having any one or more of the improvements, referred to in the
preceding claims.
11
J
1000
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 5A, Market Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicants.