matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF SLUICES OR DAMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Timothy Ward Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1865.
I, TIMOTHY WARD WOOD, of Newark-upon-Trent, in the County of
Nottingham, Corn Factor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF SLUICES OR DAMS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in the construction or
arrangement of sluices or dams for turning or guiding tidal waters to or into
dams, reservoirs, or water-power machines. For this purpose I form two
apertures in a wall or apparatus; these apertures have each a shutter or
sluice on each side thereof, constructed and arranged in such manner that any
of the four shutters or sluices which they contain may be opened and closed
at pleasure. There is a chamber between the two apertures, which chamber
contains or forms part of a water-power machine, whereby I open the inner
lower shutter or sluice, and at the same time close the outer lower shutter
or sluice, and also close the upper inner shutter or sluice, and open the
upper outer shutter or sluice at the time the tide is rising, the water of which
will drive the motive-power machine contained in or forming part of the
chamber until the tide attains nearly to its highest point, when the open

page_text: shutters or sluices will be closed, and the other shutters or sluices will be
opened, the motive-power machine will then be driven by the water previously
admitted through the machine, the water returning again through the machine
as the tide falls, the water passing through the machine the same way both
during the rising and falling of the tide..
Sometimes I employ an additional shutter or sluice or additional shutters
or sluices for emptying the dam or reservoir which has received the water
during the rising of the tides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATHEMATICAL COMPASSES FOR ASCERTAINING THE UTMOST CORRECTNESS OF THE CONTENTS AND SQUARE OF ANY CIRCLE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Ernst Friedrich Lüdeke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th January 1865.
I, JOHANN ERNST FRIEDRICH LÜDEKE, of Number 2, Stonefield Street,
Islington, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MATHEMATICAL COMPASSES FOR ASCERTAINING THE UTMOST
CORRECTNESS OF THE CONTENTS AND SQUARE OF ANY CIRCLE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of a wheel which is attached to one point
of a compass, the periphery of which is divided into measures, and marked by
lines and figures on the sides thereof, and fine short pins are fixed on the
periphery, so that by turning the compass the wheel will revolve and describe
and mark the exact measurements of the circle lines. Fine cuts on the
periphery will prevent the wheel from slipping. A, in the Drawing, shows the
wheel, and b, b, the pins.
•
A NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGE- MENT OF MECHANISM FOR PROPELLING WAGGONS IN CONNECTION WITH RAILWAY HOISTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Greenish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1865.
I, GEORGE GREENISH, of Harpurhey, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGE-
MENT OF MECHANISM FOR PROPELLING WAGGONS IN CONNECTION WITH RAILWAY
HOISTS," to be as follows:--
My improvements are designed for the purpose of transferring the waggons
trucks" from the permanent way of railways to the platform of the
hoists employed in connection with such permanent ways.
The Invention consists in the employment and use of drums or pulleys
supported in suitable bearings fixed to the side of the hoist and driven by the
engine working the hoist, or with a separate engine. These drums have
coiled around them ropes or chains, which pass round pulleys or blocks fixed
at suitable distances from the hoist, and are arranged so that by coupling the
ends of the said ropes or chains to the waggons or trucks they may be drawn
along the rails and transferred to the platform of the hoist, or vice versa. By
coupling the end of the ropes to the "truck" or waggon when placed upon
the turn-table it is reversed in order that it may be transferred by the afore-
said means on to the platform of the hoist. The drums or pulleys around
which the ropes or chains are coiled are set in motion at will by means of a
clutch box situated upon the drum shaft.
AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR STEAM CYLINDERS, STUFFING BOXES, AND CLOSED VESSELS CONTAINING WATER, AIR, OR GASES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1865.-A communication from abroad by Frederic Henry
Brinkmann and Ernest Frederic Wackwitz, the younger, of Amsterdam,
in the Kingdom of Holland, Machinists.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR STEAM CYLINDERS, STUFFING
BOXES, AND CLOSED VESSELS CONTAINING WATER, AIR, OR GASES, AND FOR OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad by Frederic Henry
Brinkmann and Ernest Frederic Wackwitz, the younger, of Amsterdam, in the
Kingdom of Holland, Machinists, to be as follows:-
This improved packing is intended to replace with great advantage and
economy that now in use, composed of hemp or tow, and soaked in grease
or oil.
The packing is formed of bands of paper of a circular or other suitable
form, and the bands are soaked in boiling water until perfectly softened, after
which they are placed one upon another around the piston and in the stuffing
box to the required thickness. Thus prepared, this packing requires neither
oil or grease, and it is also much cheaper and more durable and efficient than
any other known packing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND IN AMMUNITION FOR THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Aston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1865.
I, JAMES ASTON, of Hythe, in the County of Kent, Gunmaker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND IN AMMUNITION FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements in breech-loading fire-arms relate to those arms wherein.
the explosion is effected by a needle or spindle, and are as follows:-I cut
out or form a cavity at or near the breech end of the arm, and at the forward
end and top side thereof I hinge a plug or solid breech piece which is free to
fall over and fill up the cavity. A needle is placed in this plug and passes
through the same, which when the plug is down one end of this needle enters
the rear end of the barrel of the arm, and the other end somewhat projects
outside to receive the blow of the hammer. The end of the plug entering
the barrel is made somewhat conical with a ring at its end, whereby the
junction of the parts is rendered gas-tight. The centre of the plug and
where the needle appears is provided with a projecting cap,.which. when the
breech is closed enters a corresponding cup formed in the base of the cartridge
and as hereafter described. The plug or solid. breech piece is locked by a
pin or stud inserted in an aperture formed at the rear of the breech. This

page_text: stud is united to a rod extending downwards, and secured to or by preference
formed in a piece with a trigger, whereby it is withdrawn from the plug, a
spring placed and acting against the tail of the trigger rod always tending to
press the stud forwards. There is a spring carrying a stud which passes
through the base of the barrel, and on which the solid plug rests, for throwing
up the said plug when the stud which locks the same is withdrawn by the
trigger as before described.
My Invention further consists in forming cartridges with a simple wad
at the base and of the same size in circumference as that of the cartridge
itself as well as the chamber or barrel of the arm. In the centre of this wad
I insert a cup to correspond as before stated with the projecting cap on the
end of the solid plug, and in this cup a percussion cap is placed. When the
explosion takes place the cartridge case is driven out of the barrel, and on
the plug being raised the arm is ready to receive a fresh cartridge. By this
means I entirely obviate the necessity of any apparatus being necessary for
withdrawing the cartridge cases, as is required in breech-loading arms where
rimmed cartridges are employed, and where the explosion is caused by a
needle or spindle striking the base or rim of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL GAS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Israel Swindells at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May 1865.
I, ISRAEL SWINDELLS, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COAL GAS," to be as follows:-
During the distillation of coal or cannel in the manufacture of gas I admit
or pass steam at high temperatures, that is, the vapour of water superheated
into the retorts amongst the "charge," by so doing the bisulphide of carbon
liberated during the distillatory process is decomposed and carried forward by
the gas to the purifiers in a form or condition for which the ordinary purifying
agents have great affinity.
In carrying my said improvements into effect I lay perforated pipes along
the bottom, inside each retort, and connect such pipes with others leading from
superheating apparatus in which the temperature of the steam is raised.
When a "charge" of coal or cannel is "thrown in" a small quantity of
steam is admitted through the pipes and by the perforations amongst the
charge," but when heat has reached the mass then a larger quantity is
allowed to enter, the admission being controlled by valves or taps or other
suitable apparatus.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE DRAWING AND OTHER ROLLERS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS AND TEXTILE MANUFACTURES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1865. A communication from abroad by Amos Ashum
Taylor, of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
-
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE DRAWING AND OTHER ROLLERS
USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS AND
TEXTILE MANUFACTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in covering rolls for preparing materials for spinning,
spinning yarn, and other textile manufactures with an inner covering or body
of vulcanized india-rubber, gutta percha, or other suitable gums, and with an
outer covering of leather, parchment, paper, or other suitable flexible substance,
these two coverings being united together by putting on the outer covering
while the inner covering or body is in a plastic and sticky state. The edges
of the outer covering are neatly joined, and then the rollers are subjected to
heat for the purpose of producing in the india-rubber or gutta percha com-
position the change known as vulcanization.
AN IMPROVED TOP OR MOUTH-PIECE FOR CIGARS OR CHEROOTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Oliver and Joseph William
Musto at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th March 1865.
We, THOMAS OLIVER, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, and JOSEPH
WILLIAM MUSTO, of Mile End, in the same County, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TOP OR MOUTH-PIECE FOR CIGARS
OR CHEROOTS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in adapting to the top or end of the cigar or
cheroot a mouth-piece, the same to be made in any ornamental shape or
design, and to be made with and form part of the cigar or cheroot, being
attached thereto by gum or cement. The said mouth-piece may be made of
wood, bone, ivory, metal, amber, or any other equivalent suitable material.
To permit the end of the cigar to fit the said mouth-piece it is formed blunt,
whereby an economy is effected in the manufacture of the cigar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING AND FURLING SAILS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anders Boloern Bull at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1865.
I, ANDERS BOLERN BULL, of Tónsberg, Norway, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING AND FURLING
SAILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in reefing and furling sails.
For this purpose a boom or spar is attached to the sail midway between its
head and its foot. The boom extends from one side of the sail to the other,.
and its ends project beyond the sides of the sail. To each of these projecting
ends a chain is attached, and some turns of the chain are wound around the
ends; the chains are then led up through blocks at the ends of the yard, to
which the head of the sail is connected, and from there they pass to blocks
attached to the mast, and are then led downwards and connected to any
suitable hauling tackle; other chains may also be wound around the pro-
jecting ends of the boom, which are led downwards and through blocks on the
yard to which the foot of the sail is attached, and from thence through blocks
on the mast to hauling tackle. In order to reef the sail the halliards of the
sail are eased off, and the chains above mentioned are hauled on, so causing
the boom to rotate, and both parts of the sail, both above and below the boom,
are rolled upon it, and this action may be continued until the sail is close
reefed. Should it be intended to furl the sail, the sheets are eased off, and
the whole of the sail rolled up. The boom will then be close to the yard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORMING CERTAIN PARTS OF METALLIC CASKS AND DRUMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Duncan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1865.
I, GEORGE DUNCAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORMING CERTAIN PARTS OF METALLIC CASKS AND
DRUMS," to be as follows:-
To stiffen and strengthen the ends of metallic casks and drums concentric
rings and other devices are embossed or formed thereon, and to allow such
ends to fit properly into the body of the cask their edges are turned over or
formed at about right angles to the plane of the said ends.
The object of my Invention is to provide machinery or apparatus capable
of giving expeditiously, cheaply, and with certainty to the sheets of metal
of which the ends are made the forms above mentioned. I attach on or to
the outer end of a hydraulic ram fitted in framework of the usual kind &
stamp or die, and connect a pipe from a hydraulic pump to the ram, so that
by water pressure the ram and stamp or die may be made to travel forwards
and backwards. Opposite the said stamp or die there is a corresponding one
kept stationary by strong framework. By placing a sheet or several sheets of
metal between the dies and moving the hydraulic ram and the die thereto
attached, the sheets are formed in accordance with the designs on the dies in
the matrix between them.
MENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE WINDING AND RE-WINDING OF SILK AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kilbey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1865.
I, WILLIAM KILBEY, of Nine Anchor Street, Shoreditch, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE WINDING AND RE-WINDING OF SILK AND
OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in constructing machines for
winding and re-winding of silk and other fabrics, and the parts are so com-
bined that a number of supports carrying runners and spindles for winding
are each set at an equal distance from a common centre upon or attached to
a circular table or frame. Arms carrying spindles for re-winding are also
attached to the same table, and so arranged that while the silk or fabric is in
process of winding from the skein, the same action and rollers set in motion
the spindles for re-winding. Simultaneous motion to the whole of the winding
and re-winding runners and spindles is given by a treadle and crank in con-
nection with a band wheel carrying bands to the rollers; the axis of the band
wheel works in the centre of the circular table or frame. A wheel carrying a
regulator to each winding spindle is placed under the circular table or frame,
and action given to the same by cog wheels and a cam connected with the
axis of the band wheel. The circular table carrying the runners and spindles
is made to revolve and turn upon castors or runners attached to a stand
supporting such circular table.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE REGULATION OF THE UP AND DOWN CURRENTS OF AIR AND FOR THE PREVENTION AND CURE OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1865.
I, WILLIAM COOKE, of Park House, Saint James's in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE REGULATION OF THE UP AND DOWN CURRENTS OF AIR
AND FOR THE PREVENTION AND CURE OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS," to be as follows:-
I construct a tube open at both ends, with angular, triangular, or other
shaped openings at the sides. I then insert one or more inner tubes at certain
distances apart inside the outer tube, which serve to direct the upward
current of the smoke, and acting as exhausters of the air, facilitate the
upward current, the angular or other openings at the sides serve as escapes
for any downward current that may catch the smoke previously to its final
escape from the inner tubes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN STOPPERS AND FLASKS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Spencer Thomas Garrett at the
Office of the Commisioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1865.
I, SPENCER THOMAS GARRETT, of Stoke-on-Trent, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN STOPPERS AND FLASKS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS," to
be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to enable persons to readily draw the
contents from flasks, bottles, and other similar vessels.
My Invention consists in fitting in the cork or other stopper, or in the
upper part of the flask or other vessel, a tube which extends inside the flask
to near the bottom thereof, and in making an aperture through the stopper
or through the neck of the flask below the stopper to admit air. When
suction is applied to the tube the liquid in the flask rises in the tube, and is
replaced by air entering through the air aperture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING PAPER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Corfauld Usher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1865.
I, THOMAS CORFauld Usher, of the City and County of Dublin, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING PAPER," to be as follows:―
My Invention has for its object to cut sheets of paper by means of
machinery into the forms required for making bags thereof. For this
purpose I employ one or more knives or blades, the edge or edges of
which is or are bent into a form corresponding with the required con-
figuration of the paper in order to form the bags, which knife or knives I
cause to slide up and down between vertical guides formed on a framing
which also carries a table situated underneath the blade or blades, upon
which table is placed the paper to be acted upon, so that the edge or
edges of the blade or blades in descending upon the table cuts or cut the
paper into the form required. The requisite up-and-down motion of the
blade or blades is imparted thereto either from cranks or excentrics upon a
shaft driven by any suitable source of motive power, or by means of a
treadle and connecting rods, the upward motion of the blade or blades
being in that case effected by means of springs.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR. ILLUSORY EXHIBITIONS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas, William Tobin and Colonel
Stodare at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st August 1865.
We, THOMAS WILLIAM TOBIN, of No. 5, Watson's Road, Wood Green, in
the County of Middlesex, Architect, and Colonel STODARE, of Egyptian
Hall, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR.
ILLUSORY EXHIBITIONS," to be as follows:-
A table consisting of an ordinary top or slab supported on legs, consols, or
other appliances, under, over, and on each side of which table curtains,
scenery, or other objects are clearly perceptible. A mirror or mirrors are
arranged under this table at certain angles so as to reflect portions of such
scenery or other objects, which appear to be the actual scenery or other
objects observed, while in reality they only are reflections of such, the
positions of these mirrors being determined by the form of the stage and
arrangement of the scenery thereon. Behind these mirrors real persons or
objects may be concealed, and thus introduced or reconcealed in various ways
at the skill of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Macaulay and Robert
Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd March 1865.
We, JAMES MACAULAY, Designer, and ROBERT WATSON, Factory Foreman,
both of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL
FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the weaving of ornamental fabrics in an improved
and simplified manner so as to present a distinct and complete pattern on both
faces, and it is more particularly suitable for the production of "shawl" and
similar designs. There are two classes of these double-faced or reversible
shawl fabrics, in weaving one of which two sets of warps are used, one for
each face, or twice as many warps as are used for a single-faced shawl fabric,
whilst in weaving goods of the other class a single set of warps is used, or not
more than is required for a single-faced shawl fabric.
The present Invention comprises improved modes of weaving shawl fabrics
of the latter class, that is, single-warp double-faced goods, and in carrying it
out according to one modification a double-legged jacquard harness is used
with two lift boards, whilst a single warp thread is passed through each mail.
The warps are entered through four heddle leaves in front of the harness, the
action of two of the leaves affecting the upper face of the cloth, and that of
the other two the under face, and supplementing the action of the pattern
harness in such a way as to produce the requisite "plain cloth" texture on
both sides of the fabric. Each harness cord or tail lifts two mails, but the

page_text: heddle action keeps down one of the two warp threads thereby raised at one
shed, and the other at the next shed. A single-legged harness may be used,
but will require double the number of cords or tails, and a single lift board
only may also be used. Two heddle leaves may also be used instead of four,
but in that case, instead of each warp thread appearing on one face only, it
will appear alternately on both faces.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUMPS IN CONNECTION WITH ENGINES OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Oram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1865.
I, WILLIAM ORAM, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Hydraulic
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUMPS IN CONNECTION WITH ENGINES OF MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement of the pumps for hydraulic
presses, and in the method of connecting the same to the engine.
The Invention consists in arranging two pumps, one at each end of the
steam cylinder and piston, and attaching the plunger of one pump to the cross
head at the end of the piston rod, a forked connecting rod being employed
between the cross head and the crank shaft, so that the pump may occupy the
space between the fork, and in a direct line with the steam cylinder. The
plunger of the other pump is to be attached to the end of an extended part of
the piston rod passing through a stuffing box in the opposite end of the
cylinder, so that one steam cylinder and piston placed directly between the
two pumps works them both, which arrangement and double coupling
constitutes the feature of the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MADDER FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Campbell Duncan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1865.
I, ALEXANDER CAMPBELL DUNCAN, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MADDER FOR DYEING AND PRINTING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the lixiviation of madder with water acidu-
lated with certain acids which do not attack or injure the aluminous,
ferruginous, or compound mordants used in dyeing and printing, the
object being to remove certain ingredients of the madder retaining, valuable
coloring matters. The acids I have found preferable for this purpose are
boracic and arsenious and similar acids. I wash the madder by mixing it
thoroughly in cold water, then leave it for ten or twelve hours, after which
I add to it a sufficient solution of the acid to acidulate the whole. It is
then allowed to settle, when the superincumbent liquor. being drawn off
the precipitate is ready for use.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF SCARFS, CRAVATS, AND TIES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crosher and George
Crosher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th August 1865.
We, WILLIAM CROSHER and GEORGE CROSHER, of Ann Street, Willmot
Square, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF SCARFS, CRAVATS, AND
TIES," to be as follows:-
The improvement consists in making an opening near one or both ends of
the scarf, cravat, or tie; such opening can be made either diagonally or
straight across through the body of the article. In wearing, the end of the
scarf, cravat, or tie is intended to pass through the said opening, causing it to
fit close to the neck. They are to be made of any suitable material or pattern,
either in a tubular fabric, with the openings left open, or by joining two
pieces of single fabric, by sewing or otherwise, or they may be made single
throughout except at the openings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING OR COATING THE BOTTOMS or SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnet Solomon Cohen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
June 1865.
I, BARNET SOLOMON COHEN, of No. 9, Magdalen Row, Great Prescot Street,
Goodman's Fields, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING OR COATING THE BOTTOMS
or SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in sheathing or coating
the bottoms of ships or vessels, and is particularly applicable for protecting
the bottoms of iron ships from the adhesion of marine animals and vegetables.
For this purpose I employ veneers or plates of black lead, and I attach them
to the ship's bottom by means of marine glue or other suitable cement. The
veneers or plates of black lead are manufactured in a similar manner to that
in which strips of black lead are prepared for the manufacture of pencils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS, AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING RAILS THERETO
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Eccles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April 1865.-
A communication from abroad by Charles W. Stafford, of Say Brook,
in the County of Middlesex, in the State of Connecticut, in the United
States of America.
1, RICHARD ECCLES, of Rock Ferry, in the County of Cheshire, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY CHAIRS, AND IN THE MODE OF SECURING RAILS THERETO," to be as follows:-
I shape one of the inner sides of the railway chair to fit one side of the
rail, and there is a groove forming the segment of a circle on the other inner
side of the chair. When the rail is placed on the chair to be fixed in it I
insert a block between the rail and the part of the chair where the groove is,
one edge of such block is formed to fit the shape of the rail, and the other
edge of it has a groove forming the segment of a circle; when this block is
placed in the required position the two grooves form a concentric channel.
In order to fix the rail in the chair I insert a bar or clamp of excentric form
in the concentric channel, so that by turning it by means of a spanner or
wrench the rail is firmly held in the chair. A small wedge is then inserted
through a hole in the upper part of the chair to pass through a notch or slot
in the excentric bar, and thus preserve it in its required position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, AND FOR PREVENTING DOWN DRAUGHT IN FLUES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hilliar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1865.
I, JOHN HILLIAR, of Great Cambridge Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, AND FOR PREVENTING DOWN
DRAUGHT IN FLUES," to be as follows:-
Figure 1 in the annexed Drawings represents in vertical section an improved
cowl or ventilator applicable to the roofs of buildings for the purpose of
carrying off the vitiated air. It consists of a funnel or shaft (a, a,) of any
suitable horizontal section, but tapering upwards into an opening at top of at
least one-third less area than the opening at the base, and surrounded by a
casing or jacket (b, b,) to protect it from cold, and thus prevent the sudden
cooling or condensation of the smoke, vapour, or hot air; (ff.) are two
plates of metal, hinged in the centre and forming a valve, balanced by the
weights (g, g,) which are attached to them by strong wires or rods so placed
that the balls can pass each other. The position of the valve when at rest is
partly open so as to freely permit an upward current, which would tend to
increase the opening, whilst down draught would instantly close it; (h, h,
and i, i,) shew an arrangement of pipes for gas burners which may be employed
or not as occasion may demand, their tendency being to rarify the air in the
shaft and promote an upward current; (d, d,) is a short cylinder or ring to
guard the top of the shaft from gusts of wind, whilst at the same time it
allows the hot air, vapour, or smoke, to get away without being driven down

page_text: the shaft. The cap (e) may be employed as a protection against rain and an
additional preventive of down draught, should the apparatus be subject to the
influence of higher adjacent roofs or buildings.
Figure 2 shews another mode of applying the valves (f,f,) to a chimney
cap, so that if down draught closes the valves the smoke passes out in the
direction of the arrows.
Figure 3 shews another modification of the cap and valves, the action of
which will be readily understood from the Drawing. (1, 1,) are cushions of
india-rubber or other suitable material to prevent noise from the flapping of
the valves.
The form seen at Figure 4 is produced by two shafts concentric above the
base and having vertical flaps or valves (k, k,) instead of horizontal ones, the
position of those in the one shaft being at right angles with those in the other,
so that the effect of currents would be to open one of each pair of flaps and
close the other. (n, n,) are openings in the outer jacket to encourage an
upward draught, and to prevent clogging by soot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by Richard Beck at the Office of the
Commissioners. of Patents,. with his Petition,, on. the 12th December
1865
I, RICHARD BECK, of 81,. Cornhill; in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in microscopes.. In order
to obtain a more perfect and more ready illumination of the object than can
at present be obtained,, more especially when very high powers are used,. I
employ in the body of the microscope a reflecting surface of transparent
material, and parallel or nearly so on its two faces; I prefer to employ a
piece of very thin smooth glass. Light is thrown on to the reflecting surface
(there being a hole in the body of the microscope to allow it to pass), and
this light is reflected to the object glass, which concentrates it on the object
which it is desired to examine. In returning from the object the light after
passing through the object glass also traverses the reflector, which, however,
does not sensibly disturb the rays, and thence the light passes to the eye-piece
as usual. The small loss of illumination which results from passing the light
coming from the object to the eye through the transparent materiak of the
reflector is unimportant when the object is so completely illumined as it can
be by the use of a reflector arranged in the manner described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINEN BUTTONS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Aston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1865.
I, WILLIAM ASTON, of Princip Street Works, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Button Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINEN BUTTONS,"
to be as follows (that is to say):-
My improvements in buttons are entirely confined to the description known
as linen buttons, and have for their object the thickening and supporting such
buttons, that under pressure of mangling or otherwise they shall not be so
liable to be flattened and thereby injured; and I effect this by the use of two
metal shells with central holes passing through them, and concentric raised
flanges formed around such holes, that when the two shells are placed together
in the formation of a button the two concentric flanges shall be in close con-
nection one with the other, the flange of the front.shell spreading radially over
the inner edge of the back shell, while the front edge of the concentric flange
of the back shell rests against the inside of the front shell, thus affording great
strength at this part, the covering of such buttons being effected with ordinary
press tools and appliances commonly in use and well understood by workers
in the manufacture of buttons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS FOR WEAVING COCOANUT, JUTE, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Catchpole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1865.
I, THOMAS CATCHPOLE, of Lever Street, in the Parish of Saint Lukes, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS FOR WEAVING COCOANUT, JUTE, AND OTHER FIBRES,"
to be as follows:-
Reeds for weaving as ordinarily constructed are made of round wire
slightly flattened by being passed through a mill and afterwards bound
between two battens of wood by cord or hemp. Instead of making them
thus I stamp or cut from sheet iron or steel, or other suitable metal, narrow
strips of this form ①
By the application of a file any
rough edges may be removed. The reed is then constructed by passing two
rods of iron, steel, brass, or wood through the holes A, A, and then placing
thereon washers proportioned in thickness to the coarseness or fineness of the
weaving to be executed with them. Having placed the washers on, another
strip of metal is placed on the rods, and so on. By varying the thickness
of the washers between the strips of metal, and employing sheets of
different thicknesses from which the strips are cut, reeds may be constructed
of any length or guage of fineness.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY FOR BRUSHING HAIR
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Middleton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 8th August
1865.
I, SAMUEL MIDDLETON, of Shoemaker Row, Doctors' Commons, in the City
of London, Boot Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY FOR BRUSHING HAIR," to be as
follows:-
The machinery is made and fixed inside a moveable pedestal, and is acted:
upon by a weight in the following manner :-I make first a hollow pedestal,.
and fix therein two or more shafts, one parallel and the other or others
perpendicular. I connect these shafts by bevel wheels, and upon the parallel
one I also fix a small cog wheel, and over or upon it or upon the shaft I work
a chain or rope, to which I attach a weight equal to the amount of work
required to be performed. The bevel wheel upon the parallel shaft I-make-much-
larger than the one or ones upon the upright shaft or shafts, which will cause-
it or them to revolve much faster than the one to which the weight is attached,.
and thereby give ample revolutions to a pulley or pullies, which I fix to the
upright shaft or shafts for the purpose of actuating a brush or brushes by:
means of a band or bands, as used in the ordinary way for brushing hair...
This pulley or pullies I fix nearly parallel with the head or heads of hair to be
brushed by this new arrangement of machinery or pedestal; one or several.
heads of hair may be operated upon at the same time. The brush or brushes
held by the operator or operators may be moved about any part of the head
readily, and may be used without the aid of a second person to turn the

page_text: shafting commonly used for this purpose. When the weight has descended to
the bottom of the pedestal, which I make several feet high, it can be readily
and easily raised for a second operation by a rope or handle, which I fix to
the parallel shaft. I enclose the machinery, so that it may not be seen. I
also so arrange the machinery that I may fix a regulator to regulate the
volutions of the upright shaft or shafts according to the work required to
be done.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1865.
I, WILLIAM ROGERS, of Newport, Monmouthshire, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference, firstly, to certain improvements in the con-
struction of transverse or cross timber sleepers.
Secondly, to certain improvements in the form of railway chairs.
And, thirdly, to a combination of the aforesaid improved sleeper and the
aforesaid improved chair.
By this Invention, firstly, it is proposed to use transverse or cross sleepers of
rough balks of timber of a rectangular or other convenient section, which after
being hewn or sawn, or when being hewn or sawn, are shaped with bevelled or
chamfered edges where required.
The improved form of chair referred to under the second head of the Inven-
tion consists in its being made so that when attached to the sleeper it will be
retained thereon with greater security by means of flanges at an angle with the
bed of the chair.
Lastly, this Invention relates to a combination of the improved sleeper and
the improved chair herein-before referred to..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Adams Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th January
1865.
I, GEORGE ADAMS CLARK, of Milford Villas, Molesworth Street, Lewisham,.
in the County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming elongated, cylindrical, or conical shaped
projectiles with grooves or recesses about same, said grooves extending from
the point to the base of the projectile in a helical, spiral, inclined, or other
direction, the object and intention of this Invention being by means of
said grooved or recessed channels to cause a projectile thus formed to com-
mence and continue rotating after it has left the mouth of the gun, and during
its passage through the air, instead of causing the projectile to rotate before it
leaves the gun, as is now the case with projectiles fired from rifled guns.
By these improvements I believe I am enabled to obtain with a gun having
a smooth bore the same or possibly better effect from the projectile than is
now obtained by the use of projectiles discharged from rifled guns as here-
tofore constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SMOKE VENTS OR CHIMNEYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kennedy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1865.
I, THOMAS KENNEDY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SMOKE VENTS OR CHIMNEYS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in fitting smoke vents or chimneys with apparatus
of a permanent character, which, whilst it constitutes convenient means for
cleaning them at any time, also assists their action by improving the draught.
In carrying out the Invention a spindle with a pulley loose upon it is per-
manently fixed in the top of the smoke vent, and an endless chain is passed
round the pulley, and is made of sufficient length to hang down inside the vent
to within reach at the bottom, where it may be caught upon a hook at the side
when not in use for cleaning the vent. When the vent requires cleaning, a
scraper, or brush, or a bunch of heather, for example, is fixed to the end-
less chain, and is worked up and down the vent by means of the chain.
When the fire is lit the chain assists the draught by rapidly conducting the
heat to the top of the vent, and by thus causing the column of air or gases in
the vent to be more completely warmed and expanded.
IMPROVED SAFETY COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Charles Bryan Robinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd August 1865.
I, FREDERICK CHARLES BRYAN ROBINSON, of the City of Carlisle, in the
County of Cumberland, Commander in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED SAFETY COUPLINGS FOR
RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary fixed hook attached to the end of the railway
carriage this Invention consists in the employment of a tumbling hook
mounted in the outer end of a bar, the other end of which bar is pivoted to
the draw bar of the carriage. The tumbling hook is retained in a holding
position by a fixed detent which lies over the tail of the hook. The ordinary
coupling chains being placed over this hook are securely held so long as
they pull in a nearly straight line; but in the event of their pulling sideways,
as they would do if one of the carriages went off the rails, the tail of the
hook is drawn from under the detent, when the hook turns over, releases
the coupling chains, and disconnects the carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Charles Newbery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
September 1865.
I, RICHARD CHARLES NEWBERY, of Steam Works, 24, Helmet Row, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in articles of wearing
apparel. Collars are now commonly made in imitation of linen from paper
cloth and paper. Now with such collars I combine a tie or bow of paper
cloth, or it may be of fabric. I attach the tie or bow to one end of the
collar by an eyelet or other convenient fastening. In a similar manner I
combine ties or bows with imitation shirt fronts made of paper cloth or paper.
Also, according to my Invention, I combine with collars of paper or paper
cloth an imitation. scarf consisting usually of two lappets, one attached to each
end of the collar; when the collar is in use the lappets cross each other and
receive and are held by an ornamental pin or other fastening. In order to
attach the lappets or parts of the scarf to the collar, I prefer to fix on each
lappet of the scarf a metal fastening of a T-form, the stem is attached to the
lappet and the head passes through a button hole formed in the collar. The
scarf lappets may be of silk or other suitable material. Similar imitation.
scarfs and ties may be employed in combination with ordinary linen collars..
The collars and fronts may be embossed or printed if desired.
AN IMPROVED CHAIN OR IRON CABLE SHACKLE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1865.
I, ROBERT TURNER, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHAIN OR IRON CABLE
SHACKLE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a twin coupling shackle so constructed as to be of
the ordinary shape of the links of chains and iron cables, and will act as
such, especially in the capstan wheels patented by Harfield, July 23, A.D.
1859, No. 1726, and further improved by him under Letters Patent, granted
Dec. 15th, A.D. 1859, No. 2860, and May 23rd, A.D. 1860, No. 1347.
I construct this shackle of two ordinary shackles with oval or any other shaped
eyes, but bent excentrically so as to fit each into the other interposingly. The
outer or uppermost eyes are deeply countersunk to receive the head of a
suitable iron or steel bolt which is passed through them, and secured by a steel
pin fitted into the inner or lowermost eyes of the shackles. The two shackles
are by these means securely fixed together.