IM- PROVEMENTS IN ICE CREAM FREEZERS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ICE CREAM FREEZERS."-A communication from abroad
by John Tingley, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of
America.
Sealed the 23rd August 1872, and dated the 26th March 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th March 1872.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ICE CREAM FREEZERS," a communication
from abroad by John Tingley, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,-
• Firstly, of an ice cream freezer, in which an. outer vessel containing
the ice and an inner vessel containing the cream, as well as the dasher
within the latter, are revolved in a horizontal position, separately and
alternately, by attaching a crank or winch handle first to the spindle

page_text: of the dasher and revolving it rapidly, agitating the cream, while the
outer vessel or tub containing the salt and ice is comparatively at rest,
and then by attaching the said crank to the trunnion at the bottom of
the tub, by which the tub, ice, and can are revolved rapidly, agitating
all the contents, while the beater, with the scraper attached, is held
stationary, thus enabling the operator to impart intense agitation either
to the cream or to the freezing ingredients at the proper time to obtain
the best results in both.
Secondly, of a spring or elastic scraper inside the can or inner vessel.
Thirdly, of a peculiarly constructed and located india-rubber packing
by which the can lid is rendered perfectly tight. The tub or outer
vessel containing the can or inner vessel is held in its horizontal or
revolving position by a trunnion attached to the bottom and by the
spindle of the beater, both of which rest upon bearings attached to a
wrought-iron belt which passes round the tub lengthwise and rests upon
journals attached to it upon the sides and upon a swinging brace at the
bottom. The tub while open is held upright by a hoop which is larger
in diameter than the tub and passes round it near the top and is riveted
to the base of the said journals. A cross bar is connected by slots at
each end to the attachment of the encircling belt and has a hole in the
centre through which the spindle of the beater passes, and becomes the
axis of the large end or head of the tub and also of the can. The outer.
vessel or tub has a movable head, which is made water-tight by the use
of a contracting band. Within this vessel is placed a smaller vessel of
tin or copper sheet, standing upon four feet, with a portion of the footstep
bearing protruding through the bottom and extending nearly as low as
the feet. In introducing the can the protruding socket enters a socket
hole in a hooked casting which is fast to the bottom of the tub, so. that
by a slight turn of the can the feet hook fast and prevent the can
from
rising or turning. The beater is composed of a centre spindle, with
arms extending at right angles both ways, upon one side and centre of
which are riveted thin strips of iron. Upon the other side is attached
a wooden spring scraper, steel or brass springs being inserted through
the slots in the arms and securing the wood to them by screws. The
can lid consists of a casting with a flange projecting outward and
downward, so that when placed upon the can the flange comes in contact.
with an india-rubber ring passing round and near the top of the can.
The lid is pressed down and held by loops which are attached to the
.

page_text: I can and are slipped over projections on the lid. The packing ring
consists of a small india-rubber tube, having a hole of about one-
sixteenth of an inch in diameter, through which a brass wire is passed.
The ring is then placed round the top of the can, and the wire is twisted
and soldered together, holding the rubber firmly in its place. Leakage
is prevented at the part where the beater spindle passes through the
lid of the can by a packing ring resting on a collar attached to the
spindle. The crank or actuating handle is removeable and is fitted either
to the trunnion or to the spindle as may be required. Inside the tub
are two thin pieces of wood, attached to the tub by screws and exactly
'filling the space
between the can and the tub; they serve as dashers to
carry up the salt water and ice. While the tub is in its upright position
the cream is put into the can; the lid is then placed on the can, admitting
the spindle through a hole in the centre, and is passed down and fastened
by the loops. The space between the can and tub is then filled with
ice and salt. The head of the tub, which is strongly cleated, is then put
in position admitting the spindle to pass through the bearing in the
centre. The lever of the contracting band is turned, thereby drawing
the head to a water-tight joint. The cross bar is put on, admitting the
spindle through the bearing in the centre and resting at each end on
the extension of the belt. The bottom of the tub is carried up to a
horizontal position, swinging on the journals, and is supported in that
position by a brace which has a bearing under the trunnion. The crank
is placed first upon the beater, and turned briskly for some minutes
until the cream swells and thickens. This is then taken from the
beater and an iron strap is slipped on, which holds the beater stationary.
When the crank is shifted to the trunnion the tub and all its contents,
except the beater, are made to revolve. The salt water and ice are
carried up by the dashers and thrown over the rolling can. A very low
degree of cold is thus obtained in the shortest possible time, and with
great economy in material, time, and labor.
35
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th September 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.

page_text: cream or to the freezing ingredients at the proper time to obtain the
best results in both.
Secondly, of a spring or elastic scraper inside the can or inner vessel..
Thirdly, of a peculiarly constructed and located india-rubber packing,
by which the can lid is rendered perfectly tight.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in both the
Figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the improved ice cream freezer
in its upright position; Figure 2 is a perspective view in its horizontal
position.
The frame A consists of four stands girted together at the bottom and
meeting at the top in the shape of the letter A and fastened together by
iron plates and rivits so as to form a hinge by which the stand is folded
up (seen in Figures 1 and 2). The tub or outer vessel B containing the
can or inner vessel C is held in its horizontal or revolving position by a
trunnion & attached to the bottom and by the spindle of the beater D;
both of which rest upon bearings attached to a wrought-iron belt E
which passes round the tub lengthwise and rests upon journals e, e,
attached to it upon the sides and upon a swinging brace h at the bottom,
Figure 2. The tub B while open is held upright by a hoop I, which is
larger in diameter than the tub and passes round it near the top and is
riveted to the base of the gudgeons or journals e, e. The side gudgeons
rest in a scallop at the top of the junction of the stands b, b. A cross
bar is connected by slots at each end to the attachment of the encircling
belt E, and has a hole in the centre through which the spindle of the
beater passes and becomes the axis of the large end or head of the tub
and also of the can C. The outer vessel or tub B is made in the
ordinary style of cooperage except that it has a moveable head which is
made water-tight or let loose by the use of a contracting band L.
Within the vessel B is placed a smaller vessel C of tin or copper sheet
standing upon four feet with a portion of the footstep bearing a protruding
through the bottom and extending nearly as low as the feet. In intro-
ducing the can C the protruding socket enters a socket hole in a hooked
casting a which is fast to the bottom of the tub B so that by a slight
turn of the.can C the feet hook fast and prevent the can from rising or

page_text: turning. The beater D is composed of a centre spindle with arms
extending at right angles both ways upon one side and centre of which
are riveted thin strips of iron n, n, n. Upon the other side is attached
a wooden spring scraper F, steel or brass springs being inserted through
'the slots in the arms and the wood secured to them by screws f.f. £; £
The can consists of a casting with a flange projecting outward and
downward so that when placed upon the can C the flange comes in
contact with an india-rubber ring J resting on the stiffening wire passing
round and near the top of the can. The lid K is pressed down and held
by the loops 8, 8, which are attached to the can C and are slipped over
projections on the lid K.
The packing ring J consists of a small
indian-rubber tube having a hole of about one-sixteenth of an inch in
diameter through which a brass wire is passed. The ring is then placed
round the top of the can and the wire is twisted and soldered together
holding the rubber firmly in its place. Leakage is prevented at the part
where the beater spindle D passes through the lid K of the can by the
gasket or packing ring resting on a collar attached to the spindle.
The crank or actuating handle is removeable, and is fitted either to the
trunnion d or to the spindle D as may be required. Inside the tub B
are two thin pieces of wood N, N, attached to the tub by the screws o, o,
o; o, and exactly filling the space between the oan C and the tub B, they
serve as dashers to carry up the salt water and ice. While the tub B is
in its upright position the cream is put into the can C, the lid K is then
placed on the can admitting the spindle D through a hole in the centre
and is passed down and fastened by the loops 8, s, as above described,
The space between the can and tub is then filled with ice and salt.
The head H of the tub B which is strongly cleated is then put in position
admitting the spindle D to pass through the bearing in the centre. The
lever c of the contracting band is then turned thereby drawing the head
to a water-tight joint. The cross bar j is put on admitting the spindle D
through the bearing in the centre and resting at each end in a notch
on the extension of the belt E. The bottom of the tub B is carried up
to a horizontal position swinging on the journals e, e, and is supported
in that position by a brace h which has a bearing under the trunnion d.
The crank is placed first upon the beater and turned briskly for some
minutes until the cream swells and thickens. It is then taken from
the beater and an iron strap is slipped on, which holds the beater
stationary. When the crank is shifted to the trunnion d the tub
and all its contents except the beater are made to revolve. The salt

page_text: water and ice are carried up by the dashers N, N, and thrown over the
rolling can C. A very low degree of cold is thus obtained in the
shortest possible' time and with great economy in material, time, and
labor.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The horizontally revolving motion of the vessel B in combination
with the can C, the spindle D, the iron belt E, with its attached
bearings e, e, the cross bar j, the trunnion d, and the swinging brace h,
by which the upright and horizontally revolving positions are obtained
as specified.
Second. The gasket or packing ring J in combination with the internal
brass wire X, the lid K, and the loops 8, 8, as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day
of September One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)