Improved Construction of Potters' Kilns.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1896-Accepted, 4th July, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Construction of Potters' Kilns.
1, HENRY CARTLIDGE 126 Park Road, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire,
Potters' Oven and General Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This my invention has reference to what are known as enamel, hardening-on,
lustre and majolica kilns, the object of my said invention being to arrange, and
build or erect the several flues of such kilns so as to obtain as much heat as possible
from the fires of such kilns, and evenly distribute such heat or the gases generated
through the said flues.
In carrying my said invention into practice I build such kilns with a fire-box or
firing-chamber of any suitable size with inner walls or lining of fire-brick or the
like suitable material, and outer walls of ordinary brickwork surmounted by a
chimney or stack of brickwork or the like of suitable thickness or thicknesses,
and of suitable height tapering towards its summit, similar in external configuration
to the chimnies of enamel, hardening-on, lustre and majolica-kilns as usually
erected.
The plan of the firing-box or firing-chamber of such improved kilns I make
square or rectangular in shape; but preferably rectangular, and in the back wall
of such kilus I build or erect one or two fire-holes of suitable shape and size,
which fire holes I line with fire-brick or the like suitable material of any suitable
thickness or thicknesses, and within each fire-hole I erect, fit or fix a suitable fire-
grate, the upper surface of the bottom of each kiln I line or pave with fire-brick
or the like suitable material of suitable thickness, and the floor of the firing-box
of each of such kilns I construct of fire-brick quarries, and support same by
fire-brick or the like division walls or mid-feathers at a suitable distance or
distances apart, the central mid-feather or division wall extending from the kiln
bottom to the underside of the floor of the firing-box, and from the fire-hole wall
or back-wall of such kilns to the inner side of their front wall, each side mid-
feather or division wall extending from the fire-hole or back wall of such kilns to
the wall flue on each side which is nearest to the front wall, and from the fire-brick
or like floor between the firing-box floor and the kiln bottom to the underside of
such firing-box floor.
In order that my said invention may be more readily understood and explained
in detail I have hereunto annexed two sheets of drawings on which letters of
reference are marked on corresponding parts on all the figures alike.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1. Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of a kiln
constructed according to my invention taken on the lines A-B and C-D of
Figures 2 and 3, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.
Figure 2 represents a transverse sectional elevation of the kiln shewn at Figure 1
taken on the line E-F of Figures 1 and 3 looking in the direction indicated by
the arrow.
Figure 3 represents a sectional plan view of the kiln shewn at Figures 1 and 2
taken on the lines G-H and I-J of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 represents a sectional plan view of the kiln shewn at Figures 1, 2 and 3
taken on the lines K-L and M-N of Figures 1 and 2.

page_text: Sheet 2. Figure 5 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of the kiln shewn
at Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 taken on the lines A-P and Q-R of Figures 2 and 3
Inoking in the direction indicated by arrows, and
Figure 6 represents an elevation of the back wall of the kiln shewn at
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with but one fire-hole and grate, and a portion of the
chimney or stack surmounting such kiln.
On reference to the drawings hereto annexed a represents the firing-box or
firing-chamber of such improved kilns, and a the entrance to such firing-box, the
walls and floor e of which are forined of or from quarries of any suitable size
made from fire-brick or the like suitable material. At a suitable distance from
such walls and around same I erect a wall or walls of fire-brick or the like
material so as to form a space between such inner and outer walls, and against
such walls I erect a wall or walls of ordinary brickwork 63.
Beneath the firing-box floor e at a suitable distance therefrom and parallel or
nearly parallel thereto I erect a floor d of fire-brick or the like suitable material
of any suitable thickness, the floor e being supported by fire-brick division walls e, e³,
and mid-feathers or division walls f, g, h, such mid-feather walls dividing the space
between the floors c and d into four longitudinal Hues i, j, k, l, the central mid-
feather g extending from the back wall m to the inner side of the front wall n of
such kilns, and from the kiln bottom a to the underside of the fire-box floor c,
the side mid-feather walls fand A extending from the said back wall m to within a
suitable distance of the said front wall n, and from the floor d to the underside of
the floor c.
When fuel on the fire-grate o is lighted a portion of the heat and smoke or gases
generated passes therefrom into and through flues j, k to the front end of the kiln,
through the flues p, and p' upwards through the wall flues g, q', r and into the
chimney or smoke stacks above the firing-box, the heat and smoke or gases which
enter the flue i pass upwards through the wall flues t, t to and over the top of the
firing-box a downward through the continuation of such flues on the opposite side
of the firing-box into the flue e beneath the floor d, into and upward through the
fluer into the said smoke stack or chimney, the heat and smoke or gases which
enter the flue I pass upwards through the Hues w, u to and over the top of the
firing-box a downward through the continuation of such flues on the opposite
side of the firing-box into the flue w beneath the floor d, into and upward
through the flue g into the aforesaid smoke stack or chimney above the firing
box, from whence the commingled gases from the several flues pass into the
atmosphere.
One or more flues a provided with a suitable lid or cover a may be built in or
against such kilns in any suitable position, which flues when open or uncovered by
means of a metallic chain a passing over a metallic wheel or pulley a will
permit the gases or heat to escape or pass from the firing-box a into the aforesaid
chimney or stack s.
As is usual I fix any suitable number of cast or wrought metallic buckstaffs a to
or against the exterior surface of the outer brickwork 3 of the lower part of
the kiln to compensate the varying contractions and expansions of the brickwork
of such kilns during and after firing. It will be noticed on reference to the drawings
that such buckstaffs are omitted from Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1st. The construction of enamel, hardening-on, lustre and majolica kilns for use
in firing, pottery-ware, having the floor of their firing-box or firing-chamber
rectangular in plan view, a suitable fire-hole or fire-mouth being erected in the
back wall of each of such kilns. A floor d of fire-brick beneath the floor of the
firing-box being supported by a fire-brick or similar suitable wall g and walls e, e²,
projecting from the side walls of the kiln beneath such floor. Three fire-brick

page_text: mid-feather walls f, g, h dividing the space between the side walls of such kilns
into four longitudinal flues i, j, k, l, the ceutral mid-feather wall g extending from
the back wall m to the inner side of the front wall n of such kilns, the side mid-
feather walls f, h, having apertures p, p' therein extending from the said back wall
to within a suitable distance of the said front wall, the end wall flues g, r at the
sides of such kilns nearest to their front wall extending from the kiln bottom a² to
the chimney or stack s, the flues 9, adjacent to such end flues extending from
the floor d to the said chimney. The wall flues of such kilns between the last
mentioned flues and the back wall extending from the floor d, to and over the
or top of the firing-box down the opposite side of the firing-box of
such kilns into flues v, w beneath the floor d, and two or more cooling flues a³
in any suitable position as herein substantially described set forth and illustrated
on the drawings hereto annexed.
2nd. The construction of enamel, hardening-on, lustre and majolica kilns for
use in firing pottery-ware having the floor of their firing-box square or
rectangular in plan view, and either one or two fire-holes and fire-grates in
their back wall.
The several mid-feather walls and flues of such kilns being similar in arrange-
ment to the flues and mid-feather walls of the kiln shewn on the drawings hereto
annexed, and as herein substantially described and set forth.
Dated this 20th day of M. 1906
JOHN NEWTON,
Longport, Staffs, Agent for Applicant.
JOHN NEWTON,
Longport, Staffs, Agent for Applicant.