CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to l'ennell Herbert Allman, of 16, Westbourne
Street, Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, Civil and Con-
sulting Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fennell Herbert
Allman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th October 1852.
I, FENNELL HERBERT ALLMAN, of 16, Westbourne St., Hyde
Park, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF
BRUSHES" to be as follows:-
I construct the frames, handles, or backs of brushes of porcelain,
china, earthenware, glass, or other similar material; or of metallic
frames, handles, or backs covered, coated, or enainelled with glass,
china, porcelain, or other similar or vitreous matter used for coating
metal. I further construct the frames, handles, or backs of brushes so
as to be hollow or contain bibulous, or absorbent material, and so as to
hold the material or fluids used with the brushes, and emit the same
through the brushes. "1 emit such materials or fluids from the bibulous

page_text: material by pressure in the hollow frames or backs. I emit the fluids
through the hairs by a piston, or allow them the flow out or other
suitable means to regulate and govern the emission. In some cases I
use the collapsable tin tubes now in use for the holding of oil colours,
&c., which I use as handles, and press the matter contained out.
Indian-rubber, bladder, &c. may be used in some cases, or any other
similar material capable of being altered in form without mjury, or of
resisting injury from the material contained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Fennell Herbert Allman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
FENNELL HERBERT ALLMAN, of 16, Westbourne Street, Hyde Park,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Iler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters l'atent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Fennell Herbert Allman, Пer special licence
that I, the sail Fennell Herbert Allman, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Fennell Herbert Allman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
'and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United. Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Fennell Herbert Allman, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
'describo and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW AND I, that 1, the said l'ennell 11cbert Amman, (to
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say:
My Invention consists of the employment of china, glass, earthen-
ware. porcelain, or similar materials, or metals covered with glass,
porcelain, or enamel, in forming or constructing the frames, handles,
or backs of brushes. I employ such materials in constructing such
parts of brushes of every description, such as hair brushes, nail brushes,
shoe bushes, lat brushes, and every other description of brush whose
handles are now made in wood, ivory, or bone. The brushes may be
inade either principally of china or porcelain, or wood, ivory, or bone
may be partially employed, which latter I think preferable on the score
of economy and facility of putting in the hair. I do not claim any
particular shape or configuration of brush. but the introducing the
materials, china, glass, caithenware, and other materials specified,
into the manufacture, and employing them in the construction, either
wholly or part substitute for the materials now employed, as wood,
ivory, or bone.
One of the methods I employ, which I consider the best, and in
which wood is partially employed, will be understood by reference to
the Sheet of Drawing. a, a, a, a, represents in Figs. 1, and 2, the
porcelain part of the brush. In both Figures similar letters refer to
the same parts; Fig. 1, being a plan of a hair brush; and Fig. 2, a
side view, part in section, to exhibit the manner in which the wood
is inserted into the porcelain. B, B, B, B, is the wood slip that con-
tains the hair c, c, c, c. The hair is put into the wood in the usual
way well known to the brush manufacturer. The wood is of such a
thickness, about one eighth of an inch, and such a shape, as to fit into
the recess in the under side of the brush, as seen in section, Fig. 2,
being exposed on the hair side, and covered at the sides by the porce-
lain, as shown. The wood may be either fixed in by pins at d, which
pass through the porcelain side into the wood, one pin being at cach
side, and one at the end. Now although I have found this plan of
using wood to answer very well, yet in some cases it may be more

page_text: desirable to have the entire of the back of porcelain or such new
materials. Then the holes in which the hairs are inserted are made in
the porcelain itself, and the hairs are put in in the usual way, the holes
being suitably constructed. The means of forming holes suitable for
the hairs is well known to the manufacturer of china and porcelain,
and does not require explanation, similar holes being made by an old
process. Although I have only shown a hair brush in the Drawing,
yet the same mode of manufacture will equally apply to other brushes
I do not claim any particular shape or configuration of brush; but I
claim as improvenients in the manufacture and construction of brushes
the employment of the new materials, china, glass, earthenware,
porcelain, and metal covered by such materials, or by enamel, as herein
specified and set forth; and all such materials may be employed of
similar-shape, and in the manner of wood, ivory, and bone.
In witness whereof, I, the said Fennell Herbert Allman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
threc.
FENNELL HERBERT ALLMAN. (L.S.)