Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres and Wheels.
Year: 1894

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres and Wheels.
1 FRANK KING of 4 Great Winchester Street in the City of London,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to pneumatic tyres and pneumatic wheels, and consists
in the application thereto of woven, interlaced, or similarly combined, metallic
wires covering the pneumatic tube or chamber in such a manner as to give effective
support against the necessary internal pressure, or degree of inflation.
In carrying out my invention, when I apply it to pneumatic tyres, I surround the
pneumatic chamber, or tube, with canvas, or such like suitable material, capable of
resisting the wearing action of the wire covering, and over, or around, such
protected chamber, or tube I place a tube of woven, interlaced, or similarly
combined, wires, (preferably fine steel wire), so as to constitute an endless covering.
Or I may make the said covering by weaving, or interlacing, or similarly
combining, the wires so as to form the wire tube, or covering, upon the protected
pneumatic chamber, or tube. Outside the said wire covering I place the protecting
layer or layers, forming the exterior of the tyre.
When apply my invention to pneumatic wheels I wind, weave, or interlace,
the wire over the protected pneumatic chamber, right across the diameter of the
wheel, working the windings, weavings or interlacings, around the central hub,
and at, or near, the periphery of the wheel I may interweave longitudinal wires to
assist in keeping the wire covering in position.
By the use of my invention the tyres, or wheels, are able to resist the strain of
inflation resulting from pressures up to say, two, or three, hundred pounds per
square inch, and as a result of such extreme inflation, the resiliency of the tyre, or
wheel, is greatly augmented.
Dated the 25th dov of Auril 1901
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, Agents.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres and w
I, FRANK KING of 4 Great Winchester Street in the City of London
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to pneumatic tyres and pneumatic wheels and consists in
the application thereto of woven, interlaced, or similarly combined metallic wires
covering the pneumatic tube or chamber in such a manner as to give effective
support against the necessary internal pressure or degree of inflation.

page_text: In carrying out my invention when I apply it to pneumatic tyres, I surround the
pneumatic chamber or tube with canvas, or such like suitable material, capable of
resisting the wearing action of the wire covering, and over, or around, such protected
chamber, or tube, I place a tube of woven, interlaced, or similarly combined wires,
(preferably fine steel wires) so as to constitute an endless covering. Or I may
make the said covering by weaving, or interlacing, or similarly combining, the
wires so as to form the wire tube, or covering upon the protected pneumatic
chamber, or tube. Outside the said wire covering 1 place the protecting layer,
or layers, forming the exterior of the tyre.
When I apply my invention to pneumatic wheels I may effect the covering
of the pneumatic chamber with woven or interlaced wires by winding weaving
or interlacing the wires over the protected pneumatic chamber the said wires
extending right across the diameter of the wheel, and being worked around
the central hub. The weaving or interlacing of the wires may be effected by
means of wires wound as described first in one direction and then in the reverse
direction the wires wound in one direction being woven or interlaced with those
wound in the other direction or I may wind wires in one direction as described
and interweave with them longitudinal wires or wires concentric with the periphery
of the wheel.
And in order that my invention and the manner in which it may be practically
performed may be more clearly understood I refer to the accompanying drawings
shewing examples of modes of applying my invention in practice.
Figure 1 shews part of a pneumatic tyre made according to my invention. C is
the tube forming the pneumatic or air chamber and c is the protecting covering
therefor. B is the woven wire tubing covering the same and A is the portion
which bears on the road to take the wear.
The wire tubing B being woven diagonally will yield in almost every direction
and this enables me to make an almost invisible joint by compressing the wire
tube at one end and inserting the compressed end of the tube into the other open
end of the tube and then turning back the ends of the inner wires and so
interlacing the two ends together after which the internal pressure is sufficient to
ensure a proper holding.
Figure 3 illustrates another example of a mode of constructing the wire tube B
but prefer a single mesh as in Figure 1 so as to prevent as far as possible the
wires from wearing.
Figure 4 illustrates the application of my invention to what are known as
pneumatic wheels. In this case I wind over the partially inflated protected
pneumatic or air chamber C, c a continuous winding of wire B' weaving or
interlacing with the said winding wires the cross wires b so as to act as the cross
wires of a mesh and hold the wires B' in position. I prefer to carry the wires B*
right across the diameter and over the periphery from side to side, merely
deflecting them at the hub, by which latter means I am enabled to bind them
together more tightly at that part.
I have shewn only part of the pneumatic chamber covered with the wires B² 6
but it will be understood that it is to be entirely covered.
By the use of my invention the tyres or wheels are able to resist the strain
of inflation resulting from pressures up to say two or three hundred pounds per
square inch and as a result of such extreme inflation the resiliency of the tyre
or wheel is greatly augmented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.--
The combination with pneumatic tyres or pneumatic wheels of woven interlaced
or similarly combined metallic wires covering the protected pneumatic tube or
chamber in such a manner as to give effective support against the necessary

page_text: internal pressure or degree of inflation substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the examples shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 24th day of January 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.