CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES, WHEREBY THE SASHES MAY BE REMOVED AND APPLIED AT PLEASURE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Casey, of 41 and 42, Cook Street, in the City
and County of Dublin, Ireland, Builder, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES, WHEREBY THE SASHES MAY
BE REMOVED AND APPLIED AT PLEASURE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Casey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1865.
I, JOHN CASEY, of 41 and 42, Cook Street, in the City and County of
· Dublin, Ireland, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES, WHEREBY THE
SASHES MAY BE REMOVED AND APPLIED AT PLEASURE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SASHES AS ORDINARILY CONSTRUCTED," to be as follows:-
In giving effect to my Invention I make the sashes and frame in every
respect as now generally constructed, with the exception that I apply at the
desired parts of the sides of the sashes metal plates or clips that permit the
cord by which the sashes are suspended in the ordinary way, to pass freely
in, but prevent the same being pulled, through by means of a knot or other

page_text: equivalent, formed at the ends of the sash cords, and by which means such
cords may be detached or attached at pleasure. At a convenient part on one
side only of the sash frame a part equal to the thickness of the sash, together
with the parting bead, is so arranged that by metallic ends and guides it is
capable of being pressed in to the extent of the sash bead on the opposite
side of the sash frame, and as this part is laterally pressed, so it is also
elevated by its ends being inclined upward, and by which means it corrects or
resumes its former position, when the pressure is removed by its own weight,
inclining it to come into its original position by descending over the inclined
plane or slides adapted to the angle of its ends; thus it will be seen that a
window as thus constructed presents no novelty of appearance, but if it is
desirable for the sashes to be removed, the fastening which may be of any
kind must be first undone, and then by pushing the lower sash to the right
or left, according to the arrangement, so the side of the frame will be deflected
beyond its general level or face line, when the sash in connection with it will
be so far free of the bead forming the rabbet on the opposite side as to permit
the sash to be pulled forward on that side, and then to be removed altogether
from the frame by detaching the cord as before stated from the styles of the
sash; and in like manner the top sash may be pulled down into the original
position of the lower sash, when the part of the frame may be depressed to
allow the sash to come forward over the parting bead, and into the same
rabbet previously occupied by the lower sash, and in like manner it has only to
be laterally pressed to allow its opposite edge or style to pass freely over the
parting bead as well as the front bead, when it may be freely removed as before
described for cleaning, glazing, painting, repairing, or otherwise as required,
and replaced at pleasure; and I think it necessary to add that my improve-
ments are quite as applicable and adaptable to sashes now in general use as to
nomly constructed ones
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Casey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3
8th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I, JOHN
CASEY, of 41 and 42, Cook Street, in the City and County of Dublin, Ireland,
Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year, of-
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Casey, Her special license that I, the said John
Casey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Casey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,.
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES WHEREBY THE SASHES MAY BE REMOVED AND
APPLIED AT PLEASURE, A PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
SASHES AS ORDINARILY CONSTRUCTED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Casey, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Casey, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
In giving effect to my Invention I make the sashes and frame in every
respect as now generally constructed, with the exception that I apply at the
desired parts of the sides of the sashes, where the cords are commonly attached,
metal plates or clips that permit the cord by which the sashes are suspended,
to pass freely in, but preventing the same being pulled through by means of.
a knot or other equivalent formed at the ends of the sash cords, and by which
means such cords may be detached or attached at pleasure. At a convenient
part on one side only of the sash frame a part or pocket piece equal to the
thickness of the sash frame, together with the parting bead, and a little longer
than the sash stile is so arranged that by metallic ends and guides it is capable
of being pressed into the extent of the sash bead on the opposite side of the
sash frame, and as the part or pocket piece is laterally pressed it is also
elevated by its metallic ends being inclined upwards, and by which means it
corrects or resumes its former position, when the pressure is removed by its
own weight or gravitation, inclining it to descend into its original position by
descending down the inclined plane or slides before referred to. Thus it will
be-seen that a window as thus constructed presents no novelty of appearance,
but if it is desirable for the sashes to be removed, the fastening (which may,

page_text: be of any kind) must be first undone or liberated, and then by pushing the
lower sash to the right or left, according to the arrangement, so the side of the
frame will be deflected beyond its general level or face line, when the sash in
connection with it will be so far free of the bead forming the front of the
groove in which the sash works on the opposite side of the sash frame to
permit the sash to be pulled forward on that side, and then to be removed
altogether from the frame by detaching the cords as before stated from the
stiles of the sash; and in like manner the top sash may be pulled down into
the original position of the lower sash, when the part of the frame or pocket
piece as before described may be depressed to allow the sash to come forward
over the parting bead, and into, the same grooves previously occupied by the
lower sash, and in like manner it has only to be laterally pressed to allow its
opposite edge or style to pass freely over the front bead on the opposite side
of the sash frame, when it may be freely removed as before described, for
cleaning, glazing, painting, repairing, or otherwise as required, and replaced at
pleasure, and I think it necessary to add that my improvements are quite as
applicable and adaptable to sashes now generally in use as to sashes and
frames newly constructed.
But in order that my Invention shall be fully comprehended and under-
stood, I will refer to the Drawings hereunto annexed, observing that the
several parts as they appear in the various views are marked with the same
letters of reference.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents an ordinary sash frame marked A, A, A, A, with its top
and bottom sash marked respectively B and C, the front of the sash frame on
the left hand side being removed for the purpose of better exhibiting my
Invention and explaining its action, as well as exposing the sash weight D,
which partly counterpoises the weight of the lower sash. A part which I
term the pocket piece marked E, E, is fitted with metallic inclined ends;
and attached to this part through its entire length is a projecting bead, partly
made up with the metal ends corresponding with the parting bead, which on
this side would be divided into three parts, that that extends from the top
of the sash frame down to the first incline, which would be fastened to the
sash frame in the ordinary way, next to the part that is united and secured to
the pocket piece E, and thirdly the part that extends from the lower incline
down to the sill of the sash frame. And we will suppose generally that the
sashes here exhibited are both hung with cords, pulleys, and weights, in the
ordinary way, with the exception, as will be hereafter seen, that the several

page_text: cords are portably attached to the sashes, that is, capable of being removed,
and applied at pleasure by means hereafter to be described, and the lower
sash C, C, has been elevated to the extent here shown, and that it is desirable
to remove the lower and if necessary the upper sash from their respective:
positions in the sash frame, or altogether to liberate them for the purpose of
cleaning, repairing, or otherwise.. To effect this it is only necessary to press
that portion of the parting bead. attached to the pocket piece E inwards, until
the inside of the pocket piece E arrives at the dotted line d, d, and by virtue.
of its ends being inclined upwards it will rise as it retires, to the extent of the
inclination of its angles; and in this position it may be detained by a small
metal stop secured on the inside of the front bead, which is principally
removed in this view from the left-hand side; nevertheless I have exhibited
sufficient of it at a, a, to define the suitable position of the metal stop referred
to, and which stop is represented in dotted lines at b. From this it will be
seen that when the pocket piece E, E, is pressed into its proper depth this
stop can be turned down at right angles, which will have the effect of pre-
venting the pocket piece from falling down or coming forward. I have before
stated that it is necessary for the pocket piece E, E, to be pressed inward
until its inside marked e, e, arrives at the dotted line d, d, but the range of its
action is defined by suitable stops hereafter to be referred to. With this
description, and the pocket piece being pressed and held in position by the
metal stop before referred to, and the lower sash placed in the position here
shown, it has only to be pressed laterally in the direction of the arrows, when
its right-hand stile will be free of the sash bead c, c, on the right-hand side,
permitting the right-hand side of the sash to be pulled forward and then
passed to the right, which will disengage it from the sash bead on the left-hand
side, when it may be disengaged from the sash cord on either side, and
removed or freed only from the right-hand sash cord, when it may be brought
forward and turned over like the leaf of a book, when the outside of the.
window will be brought in front for repairing or convenient cleaning. But if
it is desirable to remove the top sash I prefer freeing the lower sash altogether
from. the sash cords, when the top sash may be pulled down into the position.
which the lower sash here assumes, and pulled forward so that the edge of its
left-hand stile may be by lateral pressure brought into contact with the pocket:
piece E, E, when in like manner as before described with the lower. sash, so
also may the top sash be pulled forward on its right-hand side, and removed
from the frame to be cleaned or repaired as occasion may require, or altogether
removed from the sash cords, according to the skill and dexterity of the cleaner.

page_text: or repairer. And in like manner it is only necessary to reverse these operations
when the sashes may be restored to their original position.
Fig. 2 represents an edge view of the lower sash, showing the manner of
attaching the cord, which is effected by a knot or other simple equivalent
means being formed at its end, which is made to lie in a hollow part of the
wood, and is confined by the top projection of the metal plate marked f, f,
which is secured to the sash frame by screws. The wood beneath the top
projection of the plate fis only removed to the extent of the thickness of the
cord, which prevents the knot from passing up between its surface and the
inside of the metal plate.
Fig. 3 is simply a vertical section of Figure 1, taken through the dotted
line F, F, in which view the divisions of the parting bead between the two
sashes are defined by the letters g, g, notwithstanding a portion of the bead is
formed by the meeting of the metal plates, and which metal portion extends
from to m, and from n to o, and at the same time this section exhibits a
front view of the respective plates h, h, of which the metal portion of the
parting bead forms a part, secured to the sash frame proper, while the
parts k, k, also forming a portion of the parting bead, are secured to the ends
of the pocket piece E. These parts which form the important feature of my
Invention I have exhibited in an enlarged front view at Fig. 4, and side
view at Fig. 5, with the intermediate woodwork and other parts removed for
the convenience of space, and drawn for the purpose of showing how the metal
portions work in corresponding grooves and projections as at p, q, r, and s,
whilst Figure 5 exhibits the angle I prefer adopting, but which may be varied
as preferred, observing nevertheless that it is desirable to have these parts of
such an angle that when the pocket piece is relieved by the metal stop as
described at b, Figure 1, the pocket piece shall drop down into its proper
position by its own weight and gravitation. By referring to Figure 5 it will be
seen that I have formed stops at the back ends of the parts h, h, marked t, t,
which stops are brought into contact with the inner side of the front plates k, k,
that is, when the pocket piece is pressed in and elevated to the extent shown
by the dotted lines u, u, the inner sides of the plates k, k, will be in contact
with the stops t, t; and in order to allow these parts to come in contact a
small portion of the pocket piece, top and bottom, is cut away as exhibited
at v, Fig. 6, which is merely a detached view of the top end of the pocket
piece; whilst Fig. 7 is a back or inside view of the bottom end of the pocket
piece E, drawn in like manner for exhibiting the part w, which is cut away for
the purpose last described, and corresponding with the part v in Figure 6..

page_text: Having thus described my Invention, and the manner in which the same
may be carried into effect, I wish nevertheless to observe that the same may
be altered or modified without departing from the spirit of my Invention, as
for instance, the stop for holding the pocket piece in its depressed position
may
be otherwise placed and constructed, or formed with a shank or axis to
come through to the front of the sash bead, so that the stop may be actuated
from the front, and in somewhat like manner to the metal portions applied to
the sides of the sash frame for holding the ends of the sash cord, so also metal
plates, ornamented or otherwise, may be applied on each side or edge of the
sash frame for conveniently holding the sash cord during the time the sashes
may be removed or detached from the cords. But what I claim and wish
protected by these my in part recited Letters Patent is, the means and
arrangement herein described and exhibited, or their equivalents, whereby
sashes may be detached or removed from and re-applied to their respec-
tive frames at pleasure, without requiring tools or skilled labour to effect the
same.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Casey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
WILLIAM LOACHI,
Clerk to James S. Cockings,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
JOHN CASEY. (L.S.)