IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING OR FRACTURING GLASS.” of TMDROVEMENTS IN Tools for Cutting or Fracturing Glass.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Whipp, of No. 86, Yorkshire Street,
Rochdale, and William Wood Mellor, of Ash House, Bluepits,
near Rochdale, both in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
of it IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING OR FRACTURING GLASS.”
of TMDROVEMENTS IN
Tools for Cutting or Fracturing Glass.*
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Whipp and
William Wood Mellor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st July 1873.
We, JOHN WHIPP, of No. 86, Yorkshire Street, Rochdale, and
WILLIAM WOOD MELLOR, of Ash House, Bluepits, near Rochdale,
both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR CUTTING OR FRACTURING
GLASS," to be as follows :—

page_text: Firstly. In grinding the wheel or cutter to a fine cutting edge by
means of a revolving hone.
Secondly. In forming one side of the foot piece in which the wheel
or cutter is mounted so that it shall be movcable. The said moveable
picce may be fastened to the other portion of the said foot picce by a
screw or other means, so as to facilitate the wheel or cutter being taken
out or put in.
Thirdly. In forming a pivot on the stem or handle in which the
cutter is mounted, so that it shall serve as a tool for holding the wheel
or cutter whilst being sharpened, and. in providing a cap or cover for
same, which will also serve as a receptacle for spare wheels or cutters.
Fourthly. We propose to cut or fracture glass tubes by means of a
revolving wheel or cutter mounted in one of a pair of jaws, which arc
made to close upon the tube when on the tube being made to revolve
between the jaws or the instrument revolved round the tube; the
pressure of the wheel cuts or fractures thic glass.
Fifthly. We propose to substitute for the diamond in machines used
for cutting discs or circular sheets of glass or glass shades a revolving
steel wheel
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said John Whipp and William Wood Mellor in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th December 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
WHIPP, of 86, Yorkshire Street, Rochdale, and WILLIAM WOOD
MELLOR, of Ash House, Bluepits, near Rochdale, both in the County 2
of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her"
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and 3
grant unto us, the said John Whipp and. William Wood Mellor,
Her special license that we, the said John Whipp and William Wood
Mellor, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as

page_text: we, the said John Whipp and William Wood Mellor, our exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the.
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TOOLS FOR CUTTING OR FRACTURING GLASS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said John Whipp and William Wood Mellor, our
exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar monthis next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Whipp and William Wood.
Mellor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
Drawing (that is to say) :-
Our Invention for "Improvements in Tools for Cutting or Fracturing
Glass" relates to tools in which a revolving wheel or cutter is used, and
consists,―
Firstly. In grinding the wheel or cutter to a fine cutting edge by
means of a revolving hone.
Secondly. In forming one side of the foot piece in which the wheel
or cutter is mounted so that it shall be moveable. The said moveable
piece is fastened to the other portion of the said foot piece by a screw
or other means, so as to facilitate the wheel or cutter being taken out or
put in.
.
Thirdly. In forming a pivot on the stem or handle in which the
cutter is mounted, so that it shall serve as a tool for holding the wheel
or cutter whilst being sharpened, and in providing a cap or cover for
the same, which will also serve as a receptacle for spare wheels or
cutters.
Fourthly. We cut or fracture glass tubes by means of a revolving
wheel or cutter mounted in one of a pair of jaws, which are made to,
.

page_text: close upon the tube, when on the tube being made to revolve between
the jaws or the instrument revolved round the tube the pressure of the
wheel cuts or fractures the glass.
Fifthly. We substitute for the diamond in machines used for cutting
discs or circular sheets of glass or glass shades a revolving steel wheel.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings having similar
letters of reference marked upon corresponding parts.
Figure 1 shews the way we prepare to grind the wheel or cutter by a
revolving hone.
a is the hone or oilstone (we prefer to use one known as an Arkansas
oilstone on account of its superior quality); this hone is fastened on the
end of an horizontal spindle and is caused to revolve, so that the top of
the hone moves towards the operator. The wheel or cutter c to be
ground is mounted on the end of a tool 6 made of steel or other suitable
material provided with a pivot or point on which the cutter c can
revolve; while so held it is brought in contact with the revolving hone
at an angle of about forty-five degrees with its axis, and in such a
position as to cause the wheel to revolve and grind up its circumference
to a fine cutting edge.
Figures 2 and 3 show the stem or handle in which the revolving
cutter is mounted when used for cutting or fracturing glass. 6 is the
foot piece, which is fast to or a part of the stem or handle a; 6' is the
moveable side of the foot piece, which is fastened to 6 by means of a
screw d; c is the revolving wheel, which is mounted on a pin, one end
of which is fast to the foot piece b, and the other fits into a hole in the
moveable part of the foot piece 6¹. By this means the wheel or cutter c
can easily be taken out when required to be ground. On the top of the
stem or handle a (see Figure 2) we form a pivot or point e, as shown in
dotted lines. On this pivot or point is shown (in dotted lines) a wheel
or cutter mounted ready for grinding. Over this pivot or point e we
place a capf, which we screw on the stem or handle to form a cover for
the point or pivot e, and a receptacle for spare cutters.
Figure 4 shows the method we propose to cut or fracture glass tubes
or cylinders. a, a, are a pair of jaws mounted on the pin b, so that they
can be brought nearer to or further from each other. c is the revolving
i

page_text: wheel or cutter, which revolves on a pin in the lower jaw a; d is a glass
tube, which is pressed against the cutter c by means of the upper jaw a,
when on the tube being turned round in the jaws, or the jaws turned
round, the tube will cut or fracture the glass.
Figure 5 shows the method we propose to cut circular sheets of glass.
a is a circular plate with a pin or pivot 6, which goes into a hole in the
bed plate c; d is an arm fastened at one end to the bed plate c, and at
the other is a boss with a hole, in which revolves the spindle e, at the
upper end of which is a handle e', and at the lower is a hole, through
which goes the rod f, on one end of which is mounted a revolving steel
wheel or cutter 9. The glass to be cut or fractured is placed on the
plate a, and the cutter 9 is pressed on the surface of it and caused to
run round on the glass by the handle e¹, or by turning the plate a on its
pin or pivot.
In machines for cutting or fracturing glass shades we mount the
wheel or cutter g, see Figure 5, in place of the diamond, which on
being pressed against and moved along the surface of the glass cuts or
fractures it.
The revolving wheel or cutter we make as described in the Specification
of a Patent granted to us on the Thirteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, Number One
hundred and thirty-two.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with
methods of carrying the same into practical effect, we claim as our
Invention,―
First. Grinding the steel wheels or cutters (used for cutting or
fracturing glass) to a fine cutting edge by means of a revolving hone.
Secondly. Forming one side of the foot piece, in which the wheel or
cutter is mounted, moveable, so as to facilitate the wheel or cutter
being taken out or replaced.
Thirdly. Forming a pivot on the stem or handle in which the cutter
is mounted, so that it shall serve as a tool for holding the wheel or cutter
whilst being sharpened.
.
Fourthly. In forming a cap to cover the pivot on which the cutter
is sharpened, which serves also as a receptacle for spare wheels or
cutters.

page_text: Fifthly. In cutting or fracturing glass tubes or cylinders by means of
a revolving wheel or cutter.
Sixthly. In cutting circular sheets of glass or glass shades by means
of a revolving steel wheel or cutter.
In witness whereof, wc, the said John Whipp and William Wood
Mellor, have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Twenty-fourth
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand.cight
hundred and seventy-three.