IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adam Cyrus Engert of Three Mills Lane Bromley by
Bow in the County of Middlesex for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adam Cyrus Engert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1882.
ADAM CYRUS ENGERT of Three Mills Lane Bromley-by-Bow in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES."
Heretofore in Cornish and other such like boilers with internal furnace flues
the flues have usually been circular in cross section and of the same diameter
from end to end and the furnace has been contained within the front end of
the flue.
According to my invention I make the furnace flue of nearly as great of width
as the width of the boiler will allow and comparatively shallow in depth. At the
front of the boiler I enlarge the height of the flue making it bell mouthed to form
the furnace chamber or fire box which may extend forwards to some distance in
front of the boiler.
The fire bars or bed I make to slope downwards towards the front, and at the
front I bend them upwards or provide front bars to retain the fuel from dropping
downwards off the front of the sloping bars. The front of the fire box is closed in
to the extent desired with a fixed top and with front fire doors.
The ordinary ash pit is practically done away with as only sufficient space is
left below the bars for the admission of air to the furnace whilst the ashes falling
through the bars fall or can rapidly be withdrawn away downwards along the
sloping bottom of the flue and drop down in front of the boiler.
In a Cornish boiler I make this furnace flue to pass through the boiler about
at or a little above its greatest width and below the furnace flue I provide
another flattened flue-passing horizontally through the boiler to serve as a
return flue.
In the setting of the boiler I connect the rear ends of these flues so that the
gases issuing from the rear end of the furnace flue may pass back through the
lower flue to the front of the boiler-and similarly in the setting of the boiler at.
.

page_text: the front I either connect the front end of this lower fiue to a third still lower flue
passing through the boiler or to a brickwork flue below its bottom..
The lower flue or flues of the boiler I make like the furnace flue of about as
great a width as the width of the boiler will allow and of comparatively small
depth.
The boiler flues may be stayed with tubular vertical stays which may if
desired be carried down through the bottom of the boiler and be closed at their
lower ends they may also have openings formed in them just above the bottom
of the boiler so that they may serve to promote the circulation of the water.
In the case of boilers heated by external furnaces the furnaces may be formed
in the same way with the bed sloping downwards towards the front and with
the flue from the fire place of small depth and considerable width as above
described.
The furnaces of bakers ovens and other furnaces may also be formed in the
same manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Adam Cyrus Engert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th December 1882.
ADAM CYRUS ENGERT of Three Mills Lane Bromley-by-Bow in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES
"3
Heretofore in Cornish and other such like boilers with internal furnace flues-
the flues have usually been circular in cross section and of the same diameter
from end to end and the furnace has been contained within the front end of
the flue.
"
According to my Invention I make the furnace flue as nearly as great a width
as the width of the boiler will allow and comparatively shallow in depth. At the
front of the boiler I enlarge the height of the flue making it bell mouthed to form
the furnace chamber or fire box which may extend forwards to some distance in
front of the boiler.
The fire bars or bed I make to slope downwards towards the front, and at the
front I bend them upwards or provide front bars to retain the fuel from dropping
downwards off the front of the sloping bars. The front of the fire box is closed in
to the extent desired with a fixed box and with front fire doors.
The ordinary ash pit is practically done away with as only sufficient space is
left below the bars for the admission of air to the furnace whilst the ashes falling
through the bars fall or can readily be withdrawn away downwards along the
sloping bottom of the flue and drop down in front of the boiler.
In a Cornish boiler I place the furnace flue about midway between the top and
bottom of the boiler and below the furnace flue I provide another flattened flue
passing horizontally through the boiler to serve as a return flue.
In the setting of the boiler I connect the rear ends of these flues so that the
gases issuing from the rear end of the furnace flue may pass back through
the lower flue to the front of the boiler-and similarly in the setting of the
boiler at the front I either connect the front end of this lower flue to a third still
lower flue passing through the boiler or to a brickwork flue below its bottom.
The lower flue or flues of the boiler I make like the furnace flue of about as
great a width as the width of the boiler will allow and of comparatively small
depth. The boiler flues may be stayed with tubular vertical stays.
In the case of boilers heated by external furnaces the furnaces may be formed in
the same way with the bed sloping downwards towards the front and with the
flue from the fire place of small depth and considerable width as above described.
The furnaces of Bakers ovens and other furnaces may also be formed in the same
manner.
Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed shews a cross section. Figure 2 a
longitudinal section and Figure 3 a plan view in section and Figure 4 a front view
of a Cornish boiler and its furnace constructed according to my Invention.
A is the furnace flue, B the return flue below it and C a flue on the outside of
the boiler leading to the chimney, D is the bell mouthed end of the flue A the top
of the flue is as shewn made to slope upwards and the bottom of the flue to slope
downwards. In front of this bell mouthed end is secured a box E forming the
front of the fire chamber it is closed in at the front by doors F as shewn at
Figures 2 and 4. Inside the door and separated from it by short distance pieces
is a perforated baffle plate so that air entering through slots at the top and bottom
of the door has to issue into the furnace through the holes in the baffle plate and
thereby gets evenly distributed and also heated as it passes to the fire. The
bottom of the box E is open to allow air to pass to the fire between the fire bars.

page_text: Slides are applied to the slots in the door so that more or less air can be allowed
to enter through them, this allows of more air being admitted into the furnace
after firing for the more complete combustion of the gases then driven off from the
newly introduced fuel. One door only should be opened at a time when fresh
fuel is put on, the heat from the other half of the fire is then so great that the
incoming air will be sufficiently heated to cause it at once to enter into combustion
with the gases it meets-with.
G are the fire bars G' is a dead plate at the back end of the bars or no dead
plate might be used and the bars made to extend the whole length, the bars G
run lengthwise of the boiler and slope downwards towards the front their front
ends are bent upwards as shewn at Figure 2 to retain the fuel and prevent its
dropping off from the bars when the door is opened. The flues A and B are as
shewn stayed with numerous vertical tubular stays-these as they stand across the
flues retard the passage of the heated gases from the fire and the gasses curl around
and effectually heat them and as they become heated they cause a brisk circulation
of the water in the boiler and keep it in agitation thereby preventing the accu-
mulation.of deposit on the tops of the flues or at the bottom of the boiler as the
circulation is so rapid that no accumulation of sediment, however, heavy it may be
can possibly take place.
The two flues A and B occupy less space in the boiler than the two flues of an
ordinary Lancashire boiler and the crown of the top flue is not so high as the
crowns of the ordinary flues and there is therefore less risk of the water level
getting below the crown and therefore there is less risk of danger from this
cause.
I is a feed water heater forming the top of the short flue which connects the
back of the flue A with the back of the flue B. J is a water tank from which the
feed water heater is supplied with water. K is an air and steam pipe from the feed
water heater, any water carried upwards through this pipe is as shewn returned to
the water supply tank.
The bulk of the water in this feed water heater can only be raised to 212°
Fahrenheit but in order more effectually to throw down any carbonate of lime
or other such substances the water may hold in solution it is desirable that the
water should be still further heated before being fed into the boiler so that there
shall be nothing deposited from the water in the boiler itself. This I effect by
placing in the feed water heater a tube kept supplied with steam by a smaller pipe
from the boiler so that the water around the steam tube may be the more highly
heated and I draw off the feed water from the boiler at a point near to where it
is thus more highly heated.
Steam from the interior of the above mentioned steam heated tube may be led
through another small pipe to the front of the boiler and be distributed through
several jets below the fire bars so that it may rise up between them and through
the fire and so be utilized for effecting the better combustion of the fuel and
reducing the draught otherwise required.
The sediment which accumulates at the bottom of the tank should be blown out
frequently.
L is an iron casing at the front of the boiler serving to connect the front of the
flue B with the front entrance to the flue C.
The steam boilers of locomotive engines may advantageously be constructed in
the manner herein before described.
At Figure 5 I have shewn a longitudinal section and at Figure 6 an end view
of the furnace or fire place of a Bakers oven constructed according to my
Invention.
The oven itself I arrange in the ordinary manner so that the heated gases and
flame from the furnace enter the oven and circulate around its interior before
passing to the chimney.
r
A is the flue leading from the furnace to the oven-B is the ordinary ash pit.
Ordinarily the fire bars would be laid horizontally about at the level of the bottom

page_text: of the flue A. I remove these bars and replace them by a dead plate C and bars D
which slope downwards towards the front as shewn at Figure 5. E are front bars
to keep the fuel on the sloping bars D. The bars D and front bars E form the
bottom and front of a fire basket which is supported as shewn by bearers F. G are
plates rising up at the two sides of the fire basket they have hinged to them at
their upper end a fire door H which can be turned downwards as shewn at Figure 5
when it is to be opened.
At the back of this door I also mount a baffle plate so that air entering
through a grating in the door is checked and heated before it passes to the fire.
When the fire is to be fed with fuel the fire is raked forwards and the fresh fuel
thrown on to the dead plate at the back-it there becomes heated and as the only
air that can mingle with the gases given off from it must of necessity be highly
heated as it must either have passed through or over the bright fire at the front
the gases at once ignite and a large body of flame passes from the furnace to the
oven. The boiler furnace should be fed with fuel in the same way.
Other furnaces than the special forms of furnace herein before mentioned might
also be formed in the manner described that is with fire bars sloping downwards
towards the front with the exit flue at a point above the top of the bars so that
the flames and heated gases arising from the front of the fire may the better
sweep over the surface of the fuel at the back of the bars and promote its
combustion.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
the same I would have it understood that I claim :-
First. The construction of steam boilers with an internal flattened furnace flue
made bell mouthed at the front to form the fire place substantially as herein
before described also the staying of such flattened flues with vertical tubular stays
as described.
Second. The construction and setting of steam boilers substantially as herein
before described and shewn in the Drawing annexed.
Third. The construction of the furnaces of bakers ovens substantially in the
manner herein before described and shewn in the Drawing annexed.
Fourth. The construction of furnaces with the fire bars sloping downwards
towards the front and with an exit flue at the back above the top of the fire bars
substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Adam Cyrus Engert have hereunto set my
hand and seal this first day of December in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.