ANTIFRICTION ROLLERS OR WHEELS, TO ASSIST ALL SORTS OF CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1806

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JoпN
WILLIAM LLOYD, late of Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, in the County of
Middlesex, but now of Bishopwearmouth, in the County of Durham, Esquire,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twentieth day of November, now last past, did give and
grant unto me, the said John William Lloyd, His special licence, that I,
the said John William Lloyd, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might solely and exclusively make,
use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, and the Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "ANTIFRICTION ROLLERS OR WHEELS,
TO ASSIST ALL SORTS OF CARRIAGE WHEELS;" in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso obliging me, the said John William Lloyd, under my
hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John William Lloyd, in compliance
with and in performance of the aforesaid proviso in the said in part recited
Letters Patent contained, do, by this present Instrument in writing, declare
that my said Invention is herein particularly described.

page_text: Whereas the wheels of carriages commonly in their progressive motion
turn round and bear upon a fixed axis or axletree, whereby very considerable
heat and friction is occasioned to the axis or axletree, which greatly inipedes
tho carriages drawn, to the great strain and detriment of the animal or
animals that draw them: Now, in order to prevent the afore-mentioned heat,
and also to reduce the afore-mentioned friction occasioned by wheels turning
round and bearing upon a fixed axis or axletree, I so form and contrive the
axis or axletree that it shall turn round with, and bear. between, what I
I denominate -antifriction rollers or wheels, as described in. the Drawing,
Figures 5, which antifriction rollers or wheels I commonly cause to be made,
and recommend to be made, in diameter as near one half the diameter of the
wheel which they are meant to assist as may be found most convenient.
If the diameter of the aforesaid antifriction rollers or wheels are increased
beyond this rule, they will be inconvenient, in various respects; if they are
decreased, the assistance they are meant to afford will be decreased also; but
the dimensions of the afore-mentioned-antifriction rollers or wheels. may-be
varied according to the weight of the carriages they are applied to. The
said antifriction rollers or wheels. may be made of pig. iron, cast, .or. of
common iron, brass, mixed metal, or wood with a hoop round the rim, or of
any other hard substance that may be-thought more oeconomical. The anti-
friction rollers or wheels may overlap each other, or their rims may face cach
other, as described in the Drawing, Figures 5 and 18.. Sometimes. I cause
the antifriction rollers or wheels to turn round on spindles, pins, or gudgeons,
(made of malled or pig iron) as described in the Drawing, Figures 2 a, 2 d,
and 4.. Sometimes I make the antifriction rollers, or wheels turn by pivots
or axles fixed through their centers, the points, ends, or extremitios of which
pivots or axles I introduce into and well secure in sockets firmly fixed in a frame,
or some other stedfast, made of iron or some other substance sufficiently strong
to support them, as represented in the Drawing, Figures 12- and 18, when
I cause the antifriction rollers or wheels to turn round by pivots or axis fixed
through their centers and confined in sockets as herein-before described in
the Drawing, Figures 12 and 18. I then commonly place such frame or
stedfast under the bottom of the carriage which the antifriction rollers or
wheels are meant to assist, and perhaps that manner of fixing them may be
best suited to slow carriages, as carts and waggons. Antifriction rollers or
wheels which turn on an axis, pin, or gudgeon, I commonly cause to be fixed
on the bed of a mail coach, or any other quick-travelling carriage or gig, as
represented in the Drawing, Figures 1 and 5. The axis, pin, or gudgeon,
whether it be fixed to the bed of the carriage or in any more convenient

page_text: situation, must be fastened into blocks of wood, or something as strong or
stronger, and made firm by nut-screw bolts, wedges, iron staples, or iron
bridges, as may be found most convenient. I sometimes, in order to strengthen
the bed of the carriage and the blocks of wood affixed to it, cause a plate of
iron or brass to be fixed thereon, with holes in the said plate of iron or brass
through which the shank of the axis, pin, or gudgeon passes into the blocks
of wood, and against which the shoulders of the axis, pin, or gudgeon bear
for additional support, as represented in the Drawing, Figure 3, to which
plate I also sometimes fix a shelter to the antifriction rollers or wheels, as
represented in the Drawing, Figure 16. I sometimes, the more to relieve
friction, make the axis, pin, or gudgeon with a tapering shoulder and screw
on a tapering socket (in form something like a cap or thimble) at the point
of the axis, pin, or gudgeon, into which the nave of the antifriction rollers or
wheels enter, and thereby the antifriction rollers or wheels only bear on their
extremities and not on their centers; and to prevent the sockets unscrewing, I
sometimes screw them through their sides by another screw which binds against
the axis, pins, or gudgeon, and which method is preferable to a pin or lynch
pin that cannot bind more or less at pleasure, but which the cap screw will
do, and which caps I also sometimes fasten by nut screws, as described in
Figures 2 a, 2 d, 10, and 11, in Drawing. The antifriction rollers or wheels,
from their construction and manner of action, do not require oil, but an oil
box may be let into the block attached to the bed of the carriage, as repre-
sented in the Drawing, Figure 17. In order to relieve the wheels of car-
riages from heating and wearing the fixed axletree as hitherto used, I some-
times cause the carriage wheel and axis or axletree to turn round together
by means of a spring, catch-bolt, pinfork, or wedge affixed to the naves of
carriage wheels, which spring, catch-bolt, pinfork, or wedge shuts into a
notch, hole, or hollow in the axis or axletree of the carriage wheels, which
causes both axis and wheels to turn round together; but when the spring,
catch-bolt, pinfork, or wedge is raised up from the notch, hole, or hollow in
the axis or axletree, then the wheel only will turn on the axis or axletree as
heretofore used, and then by chaining the opposite wheel a common drag
is occasioned and formed as described, Figure 13 in Drawing. The axis or
axletree is formed as represented in the Drawing, Figures 13, and may be
made of iron, brass, mixed metal, wood cased with iron, or of any sufficiently
hard substance. The collars (to which I sometimes add a ring or washer),
as represented in the Drawing, Figure 13, prevent the axis or axletree from
driving or shifting from one side to the other, which is performed by the means
of balls or rollers without a center, fixed in a case or frame so as turn all

page_text: manner of ways, nut-screwed, bolted, or otherwise, in the most firm mauner
possible, fastened to the bed or bottom of the carriage, but at the same time
they must be fastened so as to be capable of being placed more or less wide,
as the placing and tho dimensions of the antifriction rollers or wheels may
require, on account of the said antifriction rollers or wheels being overlapped
or not, which balls or rollers must be made of cast iron, brass, or mixed metal,
or sono other sufficiently hard substance, and being just free of tho collar
(with or without a washer) prevents both the collar and the balls from bind-
ing, heating, or wearing; and also the said balls or rollers, by being placed just
free of the axis or axletree, prevents the axis or axletree from jumping or
moving from its proper bearing beneath and between the antifriction rollers
or wheels, as described in the Drawing, Figures 15 and 13.

page_text: Figure 14, the catch, spring, bolt, wedge pin, or lynch pin.
Figure 15, the frame or case in which the ball or roller, without a center,
turns all manner of ways.
Figure 16, the fence or shelter to the antifriction rollers or wheels, which
may be used if thought necessary.
Figure 17, a place for an oil box or funnel to be placed, if necessary.
In witness whereof I, the said John William Lloyd, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, tho Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and six.
JN° W LLOYD. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of December, in
the year of our Lord 1806, the aforesaid John William Lloyd came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowleged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written, the words and figures "me," "the nature of," "in the
Drawing," "in the Drawing," "in the Drawing," "in the Drawing," "the
Drawing," "I also sometimes fix a shelter to the antifriction rollers or
wheels, as represented in the Drawing, Figure 16," "as described in Figures
2 a, 2 d, 10, and 11, in Drawing," "sometimes" "as described, Figure 18
in Drawing," being first interlined, and the words "the Figures 13," "axis
and wheels to turn," with other words, being first written on an erasure. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and six.