matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1876.
JAMES HUNT, of No. 12, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES."
"
CERTAIN
This Invention has for its object furnishing a ready and rapid means of opening
envelopes.
For security many envelopes are so gummed that it is impossible to open the
envelope or cover without tearing, and in many cases destroying or obliterating the
date or other memoranda on such envelope, which it is desirable should be kept as
a record.
Now my Invention will enable the envelope or cover to be immediately opened
without damaging the same, and this is effected by means of a series of small per-
forations passing from the top to the bottom of the envelope. I prefer to place the
line of perforations as near the right hand end of the envelope as possible, so that
the operation of opening the envelope consists in just tearing off the end, which is
done in a moment.
A NEW APPARATUS OR GUAGE FOR SHEWING BY ELECTRICITY THE DEPTH AND QUANTITY OF WATER IN A TANK, CISTERN, OR OTHER RECEPTACLE OF WATER, AND TO GIVE ALARM IF THE WATER SHOULD BE REDUCED BELOW A CERTAIN DEPTH OR ATTAIN A HIGHER LEVEL THAN REQUIRED
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Sax at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1870.
JULIUS SAX, of 108, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Telegraphic Instrument Manufacturer. "A NEW APPARATUS OR GUAGE
FOR SHEWING BY ELECTRICITY THE DEPTH AND QUANTITY OF WATER IN A TANK,
CISTERN, OR OTHER RECEPTACLE OF WATER, AND TO GIVE ALARM IF THE WATER
SHOULD BE REDUCED BELOW A CERTAIN DEPTH OR ATTAIN A HIGHER LEVEL THAN
REQUIRED."
The object of this Invention is to shew by electricity high and low water, giving
notice of the same by an alarm bell, which may be fixed any distance away
from the tank, cistern, or other receptacle for water, indicating also the depth and
quantity of water when required, and is especially applicable to mansions, insti-
tutions, and other like structures, and in cases where water is obtained by pumping
from a distance; and my Invention consists of a new apparatus or guage for
shewing by electricity the depth and quantity of water in a cistern, tank, or other
receptacle of water, and to give alarm if the water should be reduced below a
certain depth or attain a higher level than required.
Outside the tank, cistern, or receptacle for water, I fix a block of metal, upon
which another block of ebonite is fixed; upon this ebonite I suspend by an axis a
lever of certain length in proportion to the tank, the lower end of which carries a
ball or float that is buoyed up by the water; the short end of this lever carries
a spring, which plays between two insulated adjustable blocks of metal, so arranged
that they may be set to any required height, supposing (as an instance only that
the cistern should be six feet deep, when the water is pumped into the cistern it
would be requisite that it should not attain more than 5 fect, the bottom insulated
block.of metal which is meant to give notice of high water may be moved until it
intersects a line upon the scale at the side of it commensurate with the 5 feet of
water, the float buoyed up by the water will then act upon the short end of the lever,
and make contact by pressing the spring upon the block of metal, thus completing
the circuit, and causing the electric bell in connection with it to ring notice. On the
other hand, if the water in the cistern should be reduced below the quantity
necessary to remain there the float would fall with the water, pressing the short end

page_text: of the lever against the top block of metal which is to indicate low water and
which must be adjusted by its pointer to the scale commensurate with the required
depth; this also completes the line, and would ring the electric bell in connection
with it, thus giving notice of low water.
The electric alarm gongs may be fixed any distance away from the tank, and 5
wherever the pump may be.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TRAMWAY OR OTHER RAILS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bowman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1876.
JOHN BOWMAN, of Pollokshields, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TRAMWAY OR OTHER RAILS."
"A
This Invention has for its object to remove from the grooves of tramway or other
rails the mud, dust, snow, and other obstructions to traffic which collect therein,
and it consists in attaching to the vehicles which travel on such rails an apparatus
provided with a tool which enters the groove and forces the mud or other ob-
struction out from it.
The apparatus consists of a bracket through each end of which a pin or stud
passes and secures the bracket to the frame of the vehicle. The hole for one of
the pins or studs is slotted, whilst on the other pin the bracket is capable of moving
through a vertical arc, a spring being provided to exert a downward pressure upon
it; another bracket or frame is suspended on a rod which passes at right angles
to the pins or studs herein-before referred to through ears or projections made on
the under side of the bracket first mentioned, and at the lower end of an arın or
lever centred on the second bracket or frame the tool which enters the groove in
the rail is carried; this tool is provided with a channel or shoot extending back-
wards therefrom, and through which the mud or other matter passes to the rear-
ward end where it is discharged either at the outside of or in the space within
the rails.
In vehicles which travel only in one direction, that is, in such vehicles as are
turned round at the end of each single journey, one set of the apparatus is provided
for each rail and placed in front of the leading wheel, but in vehicles which are
drawn from both ends alternately a set of the apparatus is or may be provided for
each of the four wheels, these sets being brought into operation alternately, according
to the direction in which the vehicle is travelling.
In order to provide for this alternate operation of the different sets of the ap-
paratus, or to permit of the tool being raised from its effective position when
desired, a curved slot is made in the bracket or frame last referred to, and by means
Price 2dl

page_text: of a screw pin passed through the slot, and also through the lever carrying the
tool, the said lever and tool may be fixed at any desired position.
The slotted hole in the first mentioned bracket and the spring enable the tool to
ride over any fixed obstruction in the groove, such as a started bolt head, whilst the
pin on which the second mentioned bracket is suspended permits of lateral or trans-
verse motion of the tool to any required extent.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Keel and William Pringle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1876.
George KEEL, Merchant and Manufacturer, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, and WILLIAM PRINGLE, Engineer, also of Birmingham aforesaid.
«IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES."
The object of our Invention is to provide the public with safer skates than those
in present use, whether constructed with extended axis for supporting two wheels
on each side, or for supporting two central wheels, the wheel carriages being adopted
or constructed accordingly.
.
But we will describe our Invention as arranged for two wheels on each
side.
In giving effect to our Invention we avoid the objectionable canting or tilting of
the platform or footstand of the skates, obtaining the principle of direction or
gyration by the action of a pendent suspended by links (or otherwise) from the
base of the platform or stand. The upper terminal portions of the pendent are on
or near a level with the upper central surface of the riged foot board or stand. The
central under side of the pendent acts on a horizontal swinging lever, working on a
fixed pin or screw, attached (by preference) near the base of the fore wheel carriage
support or pillar. The vibrating end of the lever acts upon a spring running
horizontally with the lengthway of the foot board or stand, and connected at each
end with the central pillar or wheel carriage before refered to. The lateral action
of the longitudinal spring is effected (at the will of the user) by depressing either of
the top free ends of the pendent which are somewhat extended for receiving the
action of the foot on either side for directing and placing the wheels either right or
left in the radii of a circle when so desired, according to the extent of lateral
depression imparted by the user in the act of skating. The range of action is regu-
lated or limited by projections deflected from the end of a plate secured or fixed
transversely to the underside of the foot board or stand (or other equivalent
means).
Although we have described the use of one pendent for giving the desired direc-
tion to the skate wheels, nevertheless two may be used if so desired. And when
constructing skates on this principle for two central wheels instead of two wheels on
each side, all that is necessary is to adapt the wheel carriages (as above refered to)
for one central wheel in each, instead of two as herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SWING MIRRORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Honorius Sisson Sitwell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1876.
HONORIUS SISSON SITWELL, Captain Royal Engineers, Brigade Major, Ireland, of
Dublin Castle, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SWING MIRRORS."
My Invention relates to the construction of swing mirrors in such a manner as
to keep them steadily set at any desired inclination, and at the same time to
strengthen the framing by which they are supported. For this purpose I fix at
each side of the mirror frame a lug, and through eyes in these lugs I pass behind
the mirror a bolt which also passes through holes in the two limbs of the stand;
either end of this bolt has a screw thread cut on it and is fitted with a fly or thumb
nut, or both ends may be so fitted; by screwing up the nut the mirror becomes
tightly gripped between the limbs of the stand and so held at any desired angle.
When it is desired to alter the angle of the mirror the nut is partly unscrewed
so as to slacken the grip. The bolt, besides serving to hold the mirror steadily
as above described, serves also as a tie between the limbs of the stand, thereby
stiffening it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTINCTEURS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1876. A communication from abroad
by Heinrich Pollack, of Hamburg, Germany.
PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTINCTEURS."
A communication from abroad by Heinrich Pollack, of Hamburg, Germany.
The objects of this Invention are to construct "extincteurs" in such a manner
that they shall be kept charged but without pressure for a very great length of
time, and be available for instant use in the extinguishing of fire at any time, that
they shall be charged with case, that there shall be no pieces of broken glass or
other material in the extincteur in consequence of the destruction of the acid vessel
as in some other extincteurs, and lastly that the apparatus shall not be dependent
upon the blow of a hammer for making it available for use. The cylinder is made
of, say, strongly tinned iron plate strengthened by, say, three wrought-iron hoops so
as to resist a pressure of, say, eight atmospheres. A flange nut is fixed in the cover
which may conist of two inverted concave discs; into this flange nut is screwed a
leaden flange pipe or chamber passing into the cylinder, this pipe is at its lower
open end fitted with a ball shaped or other valve, operated by means of a wrought-
iron rod around which is cast or fitted a lenden or other sulphuric acid resisting
covering or tube; the flange pipe or chamber is at the top fitted or formed with
handles or hand wheel. The valve rod passes out through a stuffing box in the
upper closed flange part of the pipe, and passes screwed through a nut formed in
the boss of the handles or hand wheel by means of a small handle or hand wheel on
the top of the valve rod; the valve may be opened or closed as required. A light
cover is placed over the top of the cylinder to protect the working parts. The
cylinder is fitted with strainer, exit tap, and hose screw below in the usual
imanner.
To fill the apparatus take off the light cover, then unscrew the lead pipe or
chamber by means of the handles and take it out; the cylinder can then be filled
with water and bi-carbonate of soda. The valve on the pipe or chamber is opened
by means of the small handle or hand wheel, the chamber is then turned upside

page_text: 4.
down and charged with sulphuric acid, the valve is then closed and the pipe or
chamber screwed into the cylinder again.
For using the apparatus two turns of the small hand wheel will suffice to open
the valve, the sulphuric acid then runs out, mixes with the contents of the cylinder,
and carbonic acid is immediately produced, the pressure of which is nearly constant
till all the contents are discharged through the outlet hose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING WAGGONS AND CARRIAGES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Kitson and John Naylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1876.
RAILWAY
ALFRED KITSON and JOHN NAYLOR, both of Halifax, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING
WAGGONS AND CARRIAGES."
This Invention has for its object the avoiding of the great danger which now
exists by the "shunters," guards, or attendants having occasion to go under, over, or
between the buffers in order to connect or disconnect a train.
Our improved apparatus, which may be worked from either side of a waggon or
carriage, consists in the employment of a sliding bar which is attached to the under
side of the waggon or carriage at each end, and to which bar we fix or secure side
levers or handles for operating it and other parts hereafter described, which consist
of what we term a "fore arm," which is fixed on the aforesaid sliding bar in a
suitable position, and this fore arm is made so that it can be adjustably fixed to an
elevating lever, the end of which is so formed that it clips or clasps a finger or stud
(or studs) which is formed on the bottom link of the present coupling chains (and
this is the only alteration or addition required to them). In the event of a coupling
link or hook breaking the elevating lever will be released owing to the formation of
the end, and the apparatus will still remain attached to its own waggon or carriage
uninjured.
Attached to the aforesaid fore arm and elevating lever we have a connecting rod
which is capable of sliding in slots provided in the fore arm and elevating lever,
and this connecting rod we form in two parts, or with a link in the centre or
thereabout, so that if the waggons or carriages should be suddenly " chucked" or
closed together, all rigidity or stiffness of the apparatus is overcome, provision being
made by the aforesaid slots for allowing the waggons or carriages to be brought as
close as possible without any strain on the apparatus whatever.
By our improvements what is termed "double coupling" can also be performed,
and this we accomplish by attaching a stud or finger on each side of the bottom link
of the coupling chain, and making the elevating lever to suit, the lifting arrange-
ment or action being precisely the same as for " single coupling," the sliding bar
before described being drawn either to the right hand or the left, as occasion

page_text: requires, so as to effect the desired object or purpose of attaching the chain on the
hook.
>
Trains can also be coupled on all ordinary curves by our apparatus without any
difficulty whatever.
No tension or strain bears upon the apparatus when the couplings are tight, 5
however heavily laden the waggons or carriages may be.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SYRINGES, HYDRANTS, GARDEN PUMPS, AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876.
WILLIAM EDWARD FISHER, (of the Firm of James Barwell, Son, and Fisher,) of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN SYRINGES, HYDRANTS, GARDEN PUMPS, AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS."
I provide an outer metal tube of suitable substance, within which is fitted a
second or inner metal tube, which tubes are so constructed that there remains a
small space between them when they are fitted together.
Within the said inner tube is fitted a piston similar in some respects to a metallic
piston such as is used in steam engines, being constructed with any desired number
of independent rings of metal out of each of which a piece is cut, so that upon being
pressed inwards there will be a resulting outward tension.
It will thus be understood that although the said rings may become worn by the
friction or sliding motion of the piston their tendency to spring outwards remains,
and a water-tight joint is thus formed, and so it is impossible for any water or other
liquid to pass or get in the rear of the said piston.
The object of providing the two tubes before described is to insure the working
of the said piston, although the outer tube may become indented or otherwise
damaged in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR FASTENERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Grey Elrick, of Aberdeen, North Britain, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR FASTENERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Grey Elrick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1876.
CHARLES GREY ELRICK, of Aberdeen, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR
FASTENERS."
My Invention relates to catches or apparatus employed by ladies for fastening
the hair, and it consists in constructing such catches or fasteners (which may be
composed of horn, vulcanite, or other suitable material) each in one piece of a bent
or C form, one limb of such catch constituting a spring, whilst the other limb is
provided with a recess which receives the spring portion and retains it in position
after the desired amount of hair has been enclosed between the two limbs of the
catch.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Charles Grey Elrick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th October
1876.
CHARLES GRAY ELRICK, of Aberdeen, North Britain.
FASTENERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR
My said Invention relates to catches or apparatus employed by ladies for
fastening the hair, and it consists in constructing such catches or fasteners, which
inay be composed of horn, hoof, vulcanite, shell, metal, wood, or any other suitable
material, each in one piece of a bent or form, one limb of such catch constituting
a spring, whilst the other limb is provided with a recess which receives the spring
portion and retains it in position after the desired amount of hair has been enclosed
between the two limbs of the catch.
The several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings illustrate a fastener
constructed according to my Invention. Figures 1 and 2 are plans representing
the fastener in its opened and closed positions respectively, and Figure 3 is an end
[Price 4d.]

page_text: view corresponding to Figure 2. The fastener is made in one piece of a bent shape,
and consists of two limbs a, b, one of which, viz., the limb a (in the example shewn),
forms a spring, whilst the limb b is provided at one end with a recess c for the
reception of the extremity of the spring a. The hair is enclosed between the two
limbs when in their disengaged position, shewn in Figure 1, after which the
spring a is moved into the position shewn in Figures 2 and 3, so that its extremity
enters the recess c in the limb b, whereby the fastener is securely retained in
its place.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is constructing hair fasteners
substantially as berein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Gray Elrick, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Seventh day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six
CHARLES GRAY ELRICK (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Brice Tydeman, of 21, Cardigan Road, Bow, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
Sealed the 19th April 1876, and dated the 29th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Brice Tydeman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th February 1876.
BRICE TYDEMAN, of 21, Cardigan Road, Bow, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
"IM-
This Invention has for its object improvements in roller skates. In constructing
roller skates I apply a roller or a pair of rollers at each end of the skate, and I
arrange the rollers so that they can turn or lock around vertical axes fixed to the
foot stand; I cause the rollers so to turn or lock in the following manner :-On the
boss carrying the axles of the rollers, and which are able to turn on vertical axes
fixed to the foot stand, I form spur teeth or pinions, and with these teeth or pinions
a sliding rack is made to gear. The rack is arranged so as to cross the under side
of the foot stand diagonally and to gear with the pinions on opposite sides, in order
that when the rack receives an endway 'motion one pinion may be rotated to the
right and the other to the left, and in this way the wheels are caused to lock round.
The rack is actuated by inclines formed at its ends which act in conjunction with
similar inclines on studs passing up through the foot stand, and those studs receive
the pressure of the toe and heel of the wearer of the skate.
MENTS IN DETACHING OR SAFETY APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS FROM OVERWINDING IN MINES OR OTHER SHAFTS, LIFTS, OR HOISTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ramsey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1876.
ROBERT RAMSEY, of Carlin How, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DETACHING OR SAFETY APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS FROM
OVERWINDING IN MINES OR OTHER SHAFTS, LIFTS, OR HOISTS."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in detaching or safety apparatus
to be attached to the cage, bucket, or other receptacle travelling in the shaft of a
mine or other similar position, whereby the danger of accidents from the over-
winding thereof is obviated.
According to this Invention the apparatus consists of two jaw hooks of the usual
description, that is to say, of two pieces of metal joined together in the middle, so
that when the upper ends are closed together the lower ends are apart, and vice
versa. These jaw hooks are provided on their faces with a round hole for the
reception when closed of the pin to which the shackle fastened to the winding rope
is attached, the outer sides of the heads being formed with projections for the
purpose herein-after mentioned. Around these two jaw hooks a clamp of metal
having its lower end larger than its upper end is placed and kept in position by
means of two copper pins, and when so in position holds the upper portions of the
jaw hooks with the shackle pin between them. Between the two jaw hooks a
small wedge-shaped piece of metal is placed with its larger end downwards.
The pin of the shackle to which the winding rope is attached is, as herein-before
mentioned, held tightly between the two jaw hooks, and upon the pin are placed
two small metal plates which are passed down the before-mentioned clamp on each
side of the wedge, and fastened thereto by means of a small copper pin; the hook is
then ready for use.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Should the cage or other receptacle be
wound beyond the proper distance, the apparatus enters into a ring of metal placed
in a beam above the shaft, and through which metal ring the winding rope works
until the head of the jaw hooks project, when the lower or enlarged end of the
clamp comes in contact with a rim or enlargement formed upon the inside of the
ring, and pressing thereon cuts the two copper pins holding the clamp in position
and releases the two upper jaws which at once liberates the rope end with its
shackle and pin, and in its action of leaving the jaws draws up the two small plates

page_text: before mentioned with the wedge, the jaws being so constructed as only to allow
the wedge to come as far up as to jam or fasten the projecting catches properly
open, the two small plates then cut the copper pin by which they are attached to
the wedge and the rope end is then free. The machine is then properly keyed on
to the top of the ring, the danger of the jaws becoming accidentally released by the 5
re-action or fall of the cage being thereby entirely obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK OR PARLOUR SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Pendrell Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1876.
MARTIN PENDRELL JONES, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Gas Engineer. “IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK OR PARLOUR SKATES."
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the use of the vertical rollers now
used for rink or parlour skates, and the Invention consists in adapting to the
foot stand or stock of the skate two or more spherical rollers placed within metal
boxes, frames, sockets, or recesses, so as to form a universal roller by means of
which the skater will be able to turn in any direction with the greatest ease.
The spherical rollers may be composed of metal, glass, or other hard substance,
but I prefer to use glass as this substance rubbing against the metal of the box
or socket is less liable to cause friction than two metal surfaces rubbing against
one another.
If desired, the spherical roller may have its bearings against antifriction rollers
mounted on axles within the metal box, recess, or sockets.
The boxes or sockets to receive the spherical rollers may be screwed into or other-
wise secured to the foot stand or stock of the skate, the positions in which the
boxes or sockets are placed in the foot stock or stand may be varied as
desired.
A recess may be made in the box or socket to receive a piece of sponge or
cotton wool, which has been previously saturated with oil for the purpose of
lubricating the roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIFFERENTIAL PULLEY BLOCKS OR HOISTING TACKLE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gallie and William Henry
Sinnatt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August
1876.
JOHN GALLIE, of Saint Heliers, in the Island of Jersey, Mechanic, and WILLIAM
HENRY SINNATT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
DIFFERENTIAL PULLEY BLOCKS OR HOISTING TACKLE."
Our Invention relates to the class of apparatus now well known as differential
pulley blocks, and which are employed in the lifting or hoisting, or in the raising
and lowering of ponderous bodies.
In such apparatus as constructed in accordance with our said Invention, the two
sides of the loop of a chain which passes through a single sheave block are passed
over and engage with two chain pulleys or sheaves, which vary in diameter, and
are so connected by gearing as to revolve in opposite directions.
In an arrangement, which we now consider to be suitable for ordinary purposes,
the said chain pulleys are mounted upon a spindle, which is secured in a frame,
which is provided with a swivel hook as is usual. The said pulleys are formed to
engage with the chain and vary in circumference. By way of example it may be
supposed that by one revolution of the larger pulley it would engage with two links
more than would be the case with the smaller pulley. Each pulley is cast upon,
formed with, or attached to a bevil wheel, and the two bevil wheels are connected
by means of a bevil pinion. A chain passes through a single sheave block, which
is provided with a hook for attachment to the load, and the said chain is also
caused to engage with the two chain pulleys in such a manner as that when the said
pulleys revolve one part of the chain is caused to move towards, and the other
part from the said block. The ends of the chain are or may be connected
together.
When a load is to be raised one side of the loop of chain is hauled upon, whereby
the two chain pulleys are caused to revolve in opposite directions, but as the larger
pulley hauls up the chain at a faster rate than the sinaller pulley "pays the chain
out "the load is raised. As the weight of the load tends to revolve the two chain
pulleys in the same direction, and as the said pulleys are not permitted to revolve
excepting in opposite directions the tendency of the load to run down when tho
037

page_text: chain is released is checked. To obtain increased strength the two bevil wheels
may be connected by more than one bevil pinion.
To obtain an increase in power, one of the chain pulleys may be fixed on the
spindle, and a "spocket wheel" or rope or chain. pulley of a comparatively large
size be fixed on the outer end of the said spindle, or a rope or chain pulley may be 5
fixed on the axle of the bevil pinion, the relative position of the said pinion being
made suitable to this arrangement.
NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR OPERATING THE VALVES OF AIR COMPRESSORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONALS PECIFICATION left by John Shaw and Willian Timbrell Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1876.
JOHN SHAW, of Ovenden, near Halifax, in the County of York, Contractor's
Agent, and WILLIAM TIMBRELL CLARK, of Queensbury, near Halifax aforesaid,
Mechanical Engincer. NEW OR IMPROVED METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR
OPERATING THE VALVES OF AIR COMPRESSORS."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be used for opening and closing the valves
of air compressors, and consists,―
Firstly. In operating such valves by means of a hydraulic apparatus comprising
an ordinary cylinder and piston, the cylinder being attached to the piston rod or
other moving part of the compressor, and the hydraulic piston rod being connected
to a cross head, to which the valve spindles of the compressor are attached.
Secondly. In working such valves by a piston and cylinder fixed as above
described, but without oil or water, the movement necessary for working the valves
being produced by the formation of a vacuum at the end of each stroke.
Thirdly. Such valves may be worked by a steam cylinder and piston, arranged so
as to act cither in conjunction with or independantly of the moving parts of the
compressor.
Fourthly. We may operate such valves by means of one or more eccentrics
suitably arranged and worked from any convenient source.
Fifthly. By using a small cylinder and piston for each valve we may operate the
same by compressed air introduced into the small cylinder from the cylinder of the
air compressor.
Sixthly. The valves may be worked by tappits or projections on the piston rod,
which strike the valve spindles, or levers, or rods connected therewith at each
reciprocatory motion of the piston.
Seventhly. We may attach a rack to the piston rod gearing with a pinion suitably
fixed, which is caused to revolve with the motion of the rack. A stud or pin in the
said pinion, at each revolution thereof, actuates the valves either directly or through
the intervention of suitably arranged levers or rods.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julien Gruyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1876.
JULIEN GRUYER, fils, Manufacturer, of Boulvd. Strasbourg, 23, at Paris, France.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the flow of the water contained in the
fabric of umbrellas when they are closed and placed vertically in a still moist
condition.
To attain this object 1 place a drop tube over the end of the umbrella stick, so as
to be partly outside and partly inside the umbrella proper. This tube is pierced
with several holes, and is grooved at its outside. By this means, first, an outlet is
permitted to the water which has leaked within the umbrella, and a current of air
established which facilitates the evaporation of the water; and, secondly, an easy
flow without obstacle is provided by means of the grooves to the water flowing
froin the outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING CASES OR CRATES
Year: 1876

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Fulton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1876.
EDWARD FULTON, of West Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING CASES OR CRATES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in those packing cases or crates
which, when empty or out of use are capable of being folded so as to occupy less
space, is a further development of the Invention of "Improvements in Packing
Cases or Crates" for which Letters Patent were granted to William Blake, Joseph
William Shaw, and Edward Fulton, No. 4014, A.Ď. 1875.
The improvements embraced by the present Invention relate―
First, to means for holding or fastening the sides and ends of such cases or crates
when opened out, that is to say, when in position to contain goods.
And, secondly, to means for stiffening the sides, ends, and bottom or sole of the crate.
The improved catch constructed in accordance with this Invention consists of
a strap or piece of metal, one or more of these being placed loosely on each of the
outer bars of the side or end frames. These pieces or straps are made with eyes
or loops at their free ends through which the adjacent extreme vertical bars of the
end or side frames pass.
Under one arrangement the eyes or loops may be formed by curving round the
free extremity of the catch so as to meet or abut against a piece of metal held in
position by a hoop or ring. The curved end of the catch and the piece of metal
constitute the two jaws of the eye or loop which is closed round or opened from
the outer bar of the side or end frame by sliding the ring or hoop together with
the movable jaw along the straight part of the catch.
Under another arrangement the movable jaw of the eye or loop may be hinged
to the curved free extremity of the catch, a sliding ring or hoop being with this
modification also employed to hold the eye or loop closed.
Under a third arrangement the movable jaw is dispensed with, and the free
curved end of the catch, which may constitute a spring, is held around the end
bar of the side or end frame by the ring or hoop herein-before referred to.
The improved means of stiffening the case or crate consist in fixing longitu-
dinally along the top and bottom portions of the sides and ends strips of hoop iron

page_text: which are rivetted to the vertical parts, and further in placing longitudinally or
transversely within the frame of the bottom or sole (which is otherwise constructed
as set forth in the Specification filed in pursuance of a proviso contained in the
aforesaid Letters Patent) one or more rows of angle irons which bind the frame,
and on which the flat bars or straps of metal constituting the sole rest.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Joseph Hicks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1876.
JAMES JOSEPH HICKS, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETERS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in thermometers, and relates more
especially to minimum and maximum radiation thermometers, but is also applicable
to clinical and other thermometers where it is desired to protect the graduations
from the effect of moisture or from being removed. or obliterated in use. For this
purpose I apply an exterior cylindrical glass covering to the thermometer, as is now
well known, but instead of sealing the space between the mouth of the outer
cylinder and the stein of the thermometer with cork, india-rubber, sealing wax, or
cement, as heretofore, I proceed as follows:-I enlarge the diameter of the stem of
the thermometer at a short distance from the bulb, and I grind such enlargement
into the mouth of the projecting cylinder so as to make a perfect ground joint; I
seal or fuse on the upper end of the stem a piece of glass, and I contract the pro-
tecting cylinder near the end of the stem so as to fit such stem and afford support
thereto; I then force the enlargement on the stem of the thermometer into its seat
in the protecting cylinder, so as to make a tight joint. I then seal or fuse the other
end of such cylinder on to the lump at the end of the stem of the thermometer, and in
order to assist in properly blowing such joint I make a small hole in the protecting
cylinder near to the ground joint. After the protecting cylinder is thus fixed over
the stem of the thermometer I submit the thermometer to a comparatively high
temperature, and then seal or fuse the sides of the hole so as to hermetically close
the same.
If desired the protecting cylinder need not be sealed or fused to the end of the
stem of the thermometer, and the contraction therein can be dispensed with, in
which case a cork or other substance could be pushed up into the end of the outer
cylinder, and the stem of the thermometer forced therein so as to steady the same,
and assist in keeping the ground stopper in its place, but I prefer the method herein
first described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Kendall and John
Whiteley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November
1876.
WILLIAM JOHN KENDALL, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and JOHN WHITELEY, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of skates for use at
"rinks" or other similar places, and consists in the novel application and use of
spheres or balls made of glass, wood, metal, or other suitable material to the under
side thereof, instead of the ordinary rollers as at present in use.
We cut a groove in the under side of the stock or bottom of the skate, and
attach thereto by screws or other convenient means a longitudinal box or chamber
channelled out at top and botton, so as to admit of the balls or spheres revolving
freely therein. This chamber is made of brass or other suitable material, and is
divided about, half way between top and bottom by a rib or partition running
nearly the length of the chamber or receptacle. This partition acts as a bearing
surface for the balls or spheres; at each end of this partition is an orifice or opening
so as to admit of the balls being driven from the bottom compartment to the top,
and vice versa, and thus a continuous or endless chain of balls or spheres is formed
which prevents all jamming. The number of balls required will vary according
to size of skate, but for ordinary purposes about twenty-eight will suffice.
The chamber or receptacle which is slightly curved on its under side, as is also the
surface on which the balls or spheres rest, is cast in two parts (longitudinally) so
that the balls or spheres may readily be placed therein, and then put together by
screws or bolts.
We would here remark that in some cases bowls may be used instead of the balls
running loosely in the grooves or channels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Pickering at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1876.
JONATHAN PICKERING, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS."
These improvements relate to the lubricating of cylinders, valves, and pistons or
enclosed parts in steam, air, or gas, so as to ensure by means of a self-acting appa-
ratus a constant supply of lubricant to the wearing parts. This Invention consists
in a valve or spindle placed in the outlet of a vessel containing the lubricant where
the pressure will give motion to the valve or spindle, or the motion may be given
with a spring or toppet, by means of which the capillary or trailing action brings
down the lubricant. The intermitting motion of the steam, air, or gas will allow
only a small quantity of lubricant to pass the spindle. The valve will secure the
oil or lubricant from running out of the vessel when the engine is at rest. The
spindle is sufficiently less in diameter or size than the outlet, to allow of the
lubricant to pass between the spindle and the outlet, except when it is retained by
the valve being closed.
And in order that my said Invention may be understood, I have annexed hereto
Drawings of the same, wherein
Figure I is a vertical section of a lubricator which shews the spindle or valve in
elevation; Figure 2 is an elevation of the same, and Figure 3 a plan view thereof.
A is the lubricator; B the screw plug for charging the lubricator; C is the
spindle or valve which fits loosely in the outlet D; E is the valve part of spindle
which secures the oil or lubricant, and prevents it running out of the vessel when
the engine is at rest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELL-TALE CLOCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Charles Smeaton Clark, of Acton Street, Gray's
Inn Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TELL-TALE CLOCKS."
Sealed the 9th September 1876, and dated the 3rd July 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Charles Smeaton
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1876.
WILLIAM CHARLES SMEATON CLARK, of Acton Street, Gray's Inn Road, in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN TELI-TALE CLOCKS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in tell-tale clocks, and relates to a
simple, cheap, and efficient arrangement and combination of parts for such purpose.
For this purpose I employ any suitable and efficient clock movement, and in
connection therewith I employ a drum or cylinder, to which rotary motion is
communicated by means of a shaft or axis receiving rotary motion from the clock
movement. The cylinder or drum in addition to receiving rotary motion also has
an end wise motion communicated thereto by a worm or screw and nut acting in
combination therewith.
The drum or cylinder is covered with thick felt or other soft material, and on
this is mounted a sheet of paper wrapped entirely around the same. This paper has
parallel lines marked thereon in a direction from end to end of the drum or cylinder
to indicate hours or other intervals of time, and a spiral line is also marked thereon
in a direction around the drum or cylinder to indicate multiples of the other
divisions. In connection with this paper covered cylinder or drum I employ one
or more markers or prickers, which by springs are normally kept away from the
paper, but are by wire or other connections capable at any time of being brought
into contact with the paper to produce a mark or indication thereon.
The parallel and spiral lines on the paper may both be produced by printing, but
the most accurate way to produce the spiral line is by the employment of a pencil
or marker kept in contact therewith by a spring, and producing the spiral line
Davis 077

page_text: thereon simultaneously with the revolution of the drum or cylinder. Thus the
clock will act as a tell-tale against a watchman, as the times at which he actuated
the marker or pricker will be recorded on the paper; or the tell-tale clock may by
wires or other suitable connections be connected to switch and signal levers to
indicate the times at which such levers were operated. Or the apparatus may be
connected to other machinery or apparatus to indicate the working thereof.
In order to enable the paper to be removed from the drum or cylinder without
stopping the clock, I arrange the gearing communicating motion to the drum or
cylinder, so that it can be readily disconnected from or thrown out of gear with the
clockwork. The clock and drum or cylinder are covered or locked up so as to
prevent any improper interference therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Bickerdike and
Arthur Clegg Bowdler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
18th July 1876.
WILLIAM EDWARD BICKERDIKE, and ARTHUR CLEGG BOWDLER, both of Church,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH,"
Our Invention consists in the employment of phenol or carbolic acid, creosol or
cresylic, acid, wood creosote, or of any of their homologues, or of the isomers of
creosol, either alone or together, as solvents or for assisting the solution of the
guns, resins, and gum resins, such as copal, anime, kaurie, damar, juniper, mastich,
lac, or resin usually employed in the manufacture of varnish.
By this means a solution of these guns may be obtained in a suitable vehicle,
such as turpentine, containing in addition as much phenol or creosol, or of the above
named solvents, as may be necessary to ensure a perfect solution, and either with or
without the admixture of linseed oil.
The use of phenol, creosol, creosote, and of their isomers and homologues in
assisting the solution of gums in the preparation of varnish, permits (when desired)
the employment of fixed oils, such as linseed oil, to be dispensed with.
As an example of the process, we heat together one part of kaurie gum and two
parts of phenol, or creosol, or of a mixture of the two, in any proportions until the
mixture has become uniformly fluid. When this takes place a sufficient quantity of
turpentine is to be gradually added to form a varnish of suitable consistency. If
preferred the gum may be melted alone in the usual manner and the phenol or
creosol be added afterwards.
AN IMPROVED IRON BEDSTEAD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Domercq at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1876.
EUGENE DOMERCQ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Merchant. "AN IMPROVED IRON BEDSTEAD."
The improved bedstead is constructed of two end frames and of any suitable
mattress; the mattress is provided with hooks at the lower part and with a fork or
other arrangement at the upper part for fixing the two uprights or frames at the
head and foot, whereby the usual frame or longitudinal and transverse bars are
dispensed with. The edge of the sheet is placed between the bottom of the
mattress, and a longitudinal moulding which may be moved by a spring or a counter-
weight.
Instead of hooks for fixing the mattress to the end frames I can employ rings,
into which pass pins or rods provided with eyes for passing over the pillars of
the end frames. The pillars are provided at their upper and lower ends with cups
for containing water or other liquid for preventing the encroachment of insects.