IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHENILLE AND OTHER CIRCULAR PILE FABRICS."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry George, Hacker, of Woodford Bridge, in the
County of Essex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF CHENILLE AND OTHER CIRCULAR PILE FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left, by the said Henry George, Hacker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1861: -
I, HENRY GEORGE HACKER, of Woodford. Bridge, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHENILLE AND OTHER CIRCULAR PILE
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in winding or lapping by means of a suitable flyer
the, material for forming the pile of the chenille or other circular pile fabrics a
round a frame of metal or other suitable material, of a width corresponding to
the number of pieces of chenille or other circular pile fabric required to be made
at. one time. The side or sides of this frame is or are inclined to such an
extent as to allow the pile material already wound on to slip freely along it
when it is pushed forward, by the fresh material being wound on. When this
material arrives at the narrowest part of the frame it is drawn between a pair
of rollers, which have circular grooves corresponding to the width of the
chenille or other circular pile fabric required to be made; these grooves serve

page_text: as guides to conduct the material for forming the body of the chenille or other
circular pile fabric in the centre above and below the pile material. These
rollers have also deeper circular grooves in which the cutting edges for severing
the pile material are placed, which cutting edges may have a reciprocating or
other suitable motion. Bobbins containing the material for forming the body
of the chenille or other circular pile fabric are placed in any convenient
position, and the material from which is conducted by suitable guides to its
proper position above and below the pile material. These materials pass
through the grooved rollers, and when the pile material arrives at the centre
where it is held by means of the pressure upon the rollers, it comes in contact
with the cutting edges, which sever it into strips, and as the rollers revolve
these strips together with the bodies which lie down the centre, above and
below each strip, pass out, and the ends of each are connected to suitable
spinning apparatus, which is caused to travel away from the rollers as fast as
the material is delivered from them, and which twists the same respectively
into separate pieces of chenille or other circular pile fabric. At the place
where the pile material is bent round the side of the tapering frame it is cut
open by means of circular or other suitable cutting edges brought in contact
with the side of. the frame, so that no waste occurs in the process. Although
I have only mentioned one frame and pair of rollers, it is evident that two,
three, or more frames with their corresponding apparatus may be arranged
side by side, so as to increase the quantity of chenille or other circular pile
fabric, if required to be made at one time.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said Henry George Hacker in the Great Seal Patent Office on"
the 3rd June 1862.
TO ALL TO, WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
GEORGE HACKER, of Woodford Bridge, in the County, of Essex, sendi:
greeting.
WHEREAS-Her-most-Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her-Letters:3
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord. One, .
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of. Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant, unto me, the said..
Henry George Hacker, Her special licence that I, the said. Henry George..
Hacker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said; 3
Henry George Hacker, my executors, administrators, and, assigns, should, at..

page_text: any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there--
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHENILLE AND OTHER CIRCULAR
PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
George Hacker, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent. :
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Henry George Hacker, dó heřebý declaré
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
These improvements consist in winding or lapping by means of a suitable flyer
the material for forming the pile of the chenille or other circular pile fabrics
round à frame of metal or other suitable material, of a width "corresponding
with the number of pieces of chenille or other circular pile fabrics required to be
made at one time. The side or sides of this frame is or are inclined to such an
extent as to allow the pile material already wound on to slip freely along it when
a slight impulse is imparted to it. When this material arrives at the narrowest
part of the frame it is nipped between a pair of revolving rollers, which draw
the material off the frame as it is wound on. These rollers have circular
grooves at distances corresponding with the width of the chenille or other cir
cular pile fabric required to be made; these grooves serve as guides to conduct
the material for forming the body of the chenille or other circular pile fabric
in the centre above and below the pile material. The rollers have also deeper
circular grooves in which the cutting edges for severing the pile material are
placed; which cutting edges may have a reciprocating of other suitable motion.
Bobbins containing the material for forming the body of the chenille or other
circular pile fabric are placed in any convenient position, the material being
conducted by suitable guides to its proper position above and below the pile
material. These materials pass through the grooved rollers, and when the
pile material arrives at the centre between the same, where it is held by means
of the pressure upon the rollers, it comes in contact with the cutting edges,,
which sever it into strips, and as the-rollers revolve these strips together with
1

page_text: the bodies which lie down the centre above and below each strip pass out, and
the ends of each are connected to suitable spinning apparatus, which is caused
to travel away from the rollers as fast as the material is delivered from them,
and which twists the same respectively into separate pieces of chenille or other
circular pile fabric. At the place where the pile material is bent round the
side of the tapering frame it is cut open by means of circular or other suitable
cutting edges, so that no waste occurs in the process. Although I have only
mentioned one frame and pair of rollers, it is evident that two, three, or
more frames with their corresponding apparatus may be arranged side by side,
so as to increase the quantity of chenille or other circular pile fabric required
to be made at one time.
On the accompanying Drawing is shewn an arrangement of my improved
machine for the manufacture of chenille or other circular pile fabric in which
one frame and one pair of rollers is employed.
Figure 1 shews a plan with part of the framework and the upper roller
removed; Figure 2 shews a side elevation; Figures 3 and 4 shew-end eleva-
tions; and Figure 5 shews a part section through the nipping rollers and the
cutting apparatus. Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in all
the Figures. Only so much of the complete machine for manufacturing
chenille is shewn upon the Drawing as is requisite for shewing the nature of
my present Invention...
The tapering frame A, round which the pile material is wound, is attached
to the upright framework B', carried by the bed plate B. At the narrowest
part of the frame A are formed cutting edges f, f, on either side for cutting
open the material which is wound round the frame; rotating circular or
reciprocating cutting edges may, however; be employed instead of fixed ones,
as shewn. The material for forming the pile of the chenille or other circular
pile fabric, indicated by red lines x, x, is wound round the frame A by means
of the flyer C, which, together with the small pinion 5 attached to it, turns
loose on the fixed hollow spindle D attached to the framing B2 by the bearing
b, through which spindle the pile material is conducted from-the reel E through
the guide-g_and_over_the_roller-h.-The-flyer-G-receives rotary-motion-from-
the main driving shaft F in the following manner :-The bevil wheel 1 on the
shaft F gears in with the bevil wheel 2 on the spindle H, on the other end of
which is the spur wheel 3, in gear with the intermediate wheel 4, which drives.
the small pinion 5 attached to the flyer C. The intermediate wheel 4 can be
changed according as the speed of the flyer C requires: to be increased or
reduced. Between the narrowest part of the tapering fraine C are placed the.
nipping rollers G, G, carried by the spindles I, I, working in bearings formed

page_text: in the framing B'. These rollers consist of a number of separate discs a, a,a,.
each of a width corresponding with- the size of. the chenille or other circular
pile fabric to be formed, and which are kept a slight distance apart by means.
of small washers c, c, shewn in Fig. 5, placed between them; they have,
further, each a small circular groove i, i, on-their- circumference for guiding
the threads which form the "bodies" of the chenille or other circular pile fabric.
into their proper position.. These discs are kept in position by the nuts.d, d,
screwed on the spindles I, I. These grooved nipping, rollers receive their
rotary motion also from the main driving shaft-F in the following manner.
Upon- the end of the shaft is formed or fixed the worm 6, in gear with the-
worm wheel 7, on the spindle J. On this same spindle is a spur wheel.8, in
gear with the spur wheel 9 on the upright spindle K, and on the upper end.of
this spindle is the bevil wheel-10, in gear with the beyil pinion 11. on the
spindle I of the lower nipping roller, which thus receives the required rotary,
motion in the direction indicated by the arrow, and which motion is com--
municated in the reverse direction to the upper roller by means of the equal
pinions 12,13, on the other ends of the spindles. I, I.. At the back of the
nipping rollers G, G, are the reciprocating, cutters L, L, L, the form of which-
is shewn more clearly in Figure 5; these are so arranged as to correspond in
position, with the deep grooves or spaces formed between each of the discs a, a,.
of the rollers by the interposition of the washers C, C; they are. constructed.in.
such a manner that the part on which the cutting edge is formed projects
into the said grooves or spaces to the centre of the rollers, so as to cut the pile
material at the time when it is nipped firmly between the rollers G,.G.. For
this purpose the cutters receive a vertical reciprocating motion in the following.
manner The cutters are fixed in transverse bars.M, M, at top and bottom,.
which are formed at, their ends to slide up and down on the guide bars N, N,.
fixed to the framing B'. To the lower bar. M is attached, by means of the
arm O, one end of the double-ended oscillating lever P, carried by the spindle
Q, which works in bearings j, j,attached to the framing B.. The other end.
of the lever P is attached to the rode of the excentric R, from which it receives.
a reciprocating motion. The excentric R is fixed upon the spindle S, to which
rotary motion is imparted: by means of, the spur wheel 14. on, the driving:
shaft, which is in gear with the pinion. 15 on the spindle S. Instead of the
reciprocating cutters L circular revolving cutters may be employed, passing in.
between thier discs a, a, in a similar manner; or. shearing, cutters may be.
arranged, by having fixed horizontal cutting edges, between the discs and
reciprocating cutting edges, moving against the fixed edges. The main driving
shaft Freceives its motion from the prime mover by means of the speed

page_text: I
pulley T and driving band U. The materials for forming the upper and lower
"bodies" of the chenille or other circular pile fabric, represented by the yellow
lines y, y, and z, z, are conducted from reels, not shewn on the Drawing, to
the before-mentioned small grooves i, i, on the surface of the discs a, a, of the
nipping rollers, through small holes in the upper and lower guide plates V
and W, and are drawn forward by the nipping action of the rollers. These
latter are capable of being tightened by means of the set screws X, X, at the
top of the framing B¹.
The operation of manufacturing the chenille or other circular pile fabric in
this machine takes place as follows: The flyer C, being set in motion, wraps
the material for forming the pile round the tapering frame A;. the nipping
rollers G, G, draw the same in between them and bring it against the edges
of the reciprocating cutters L, which thereby cut the material into short widths
corresponding with the distance apart of the cutters. The nipping rollers G, G,
in drawing the pile material forward cause the part which is bent round the
edges of the frame A to pass over. the sloping edges of the cutters f, f, which
thereby cut the material open, the outside discs of the rollers G being made
rather narrower than the others to allow for the extra width of the pile
material thus formed. At the same time the upper "bodies "y, y, are con-
ducted by the grooves of the upper roller respectively on top of each width of
pile material, and the lower bodies z, z, are conducted by the grooves in the
lower roller in a similar manner respectively underneath each width of pile
material, so that on passing through the rollers each strip of pile material is
held between two bodies, and is then attached to suitable spinning. apparatus,
which is not shewn on the Drawing, and which may be of any suitable known
construction, for carrying the strips away from the rollers as they are delivered
and at the same time spinning them respectively into chenille or other circular
pile fabric. The spinuing apparatus receives its travelling motion from the
speed pullies 16, 17, 18, on the spindle J and the endless pitch chain Y,
whilst the spinning motion is imparted to it by the pulley 19 and endless
band-Z
--
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner it
is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
the precise form or proportion of the various details, nor to the number of discs
of which the nipping rollers are composed, nor to the methods of transmitting
motion to the various moving parts, as these may be variously modified
without departing from the nature of my Invention; nor do I claim any of the
inechanical parts or elements of which the machinery herein-before described
is or may be composed as being separate and apart from the combination and

page_text: application thereof in manner and for the purposes herein-before described;
any part of the Invention comprised in the said Letter Patent; but what I
claim is, the construction of apparatus for the manufacture of chenille or other
circular pile fabric in which the material for forming the pile is wound or
wrapped round a tapering frame, from which it is drawn by means of nipping
rollers having deep grooves in which cutting edges are situated for cutting the
pile material into widths as it is drawn through, and in which that part of the
pile material which is bent round the tapering frame is cut open by means of
other cutting edges, so that no waste occurs, substantially as herein-before
described with reference to the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry George Hacker, have hereunto
hand and seal, this Second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
set my
HENRY GEORGE HACKER. (L.S.)