NEW INVENTED ENGINE OR MILL FOR DRAINING WATERS FROM FENNY, MARSH, AND DROWNED LANDS, WHICH WILL RAISE AND DISCHARGE THE WATERS IN MUCH GREATER QUANTITIES AND WITH MORE USE AND CERTAINTY THEN ANY OTHER MILLS OR ENGINES WHICH HAVE HITHERTO BEEN MADE USE OF FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1755

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
COLLIER, of Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Esq', send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Second, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Tenth
day of September, in the twenty-ninth year of His said Majesty's reign, did
give and grant to me, the said James Collier, His special licence, full power,
sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said James Collier, my extors, a fiors,
and assigns, and every of them, should and lawfully might, curing the term
of years therein expressed, make, use, exercise, and vend, throughout that
part of His said Majesties Kingdom of Great Britain called England, the
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my "NEW INVENTED
ENGINE OR MILL FOR DRAINING WATERS FROM FENNY, MARSH, AND DROWNED LANDS,
WHICH WILL RAISE AND DISCHARGE THE WATERS IN MUCH GREATER QUANTITIES AND
WITH MORE USE AND CERTAINTY THEN ANY OTHER MILLS OR ENGINES WHICH HAVE
HITHERTO BEEN MADE USE OF FOR THAT PURPOSE;" in which said in part recited
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said James Collier,
by writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular discription of the
nature of the said Invention to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within four calender months after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YEE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Collier, do hereby declare that my said new invented mill or engine for
the draining waters from fenney, marsh, and drowned lands, performs by the
geometrical proportions and machanical principals following, to wit:-
The mill or engine is actuated by the winds; the body is in the form of an
octagon, which is common with other mills, but the mechanical powers differ.
First, the sail is nearest to the sector of an elips, is as broad as long, and
six sails are to one mill or engine, so that they cover the whole area, and
are affixed at an angle of forty-five degrees, or thereabouts; the axis to
which they are fixed supported wholly at both ends, whereas the present
mills rest upon a gudgeon at one end only; the wheel on this axis is a trundle
cog, and of least diameter that can be in practice, the cogs of such wheel
not being more then six inches remote from the extream of the sail's axis.
This cog wheel acts upon a trundle wheel of equal diameter with itself, which
trundle wheel is affixed to an upright shaft or spindle as is common to all
mills, but differs from others in these two respects: first, that this shaft makes
but one rotation to the sail's rotation, whereas in the mills of common use it
makes more; secondly, instead of resting upon a gudgeon at the bottom,
as is the common method, the upright shaft is rested near to the whole of
its diameter on rollers. The trundle wheel at the lower end of the upright
shaft is of equal size to the wheels above, and acts imediately upon two
water wheels when the wind is of an adequate impestus, or on one water wheel
when the wind is moderate; the trundle wheel of the mills in common use act
but mediately; the water wheel is boxed up to the fourth part of the diameter
of the wheel; the water wheel of the mills in common use are naked
spokes); these water wheels discharge the water into troughs of this form:
from the mouth of the wheel the trough is level to the length of one-fourth
part of the diameter of the water wheel, and then upon an ascent to the
length of one other forth part, and the point of the ascent is with an hinge,
that such assent may rise or fall, as the highth of the stream discharged into
requires; the trough from the surface of the water dipped into downwards
to the bottom of the water wheels dipp is made circular, and boxed on each
side, conformed to the circle of the water wheel, untill it reaches the center of
the wheel, and then continued on an even line naked on its sides some feet
back of the wheel, these water wheels having on either side of the upright shaft
and to preserve the works and simple as can be; the wheels discharge their
waters contrary ways; the one throws out to sea and the other throws into
the lands to appearance, tho' not so in fact, as the trough of the latter is

page_text: made to carry the waters round to the proper outfall; the axis of the water
wheels is supported as the axis of the sail, and has besides gudgeons at
either end falling into a hollowed brass box to hold the axis more steady.
In witness hereof, I have hereunto sett my hand and seal, the Ninth
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred
and fifty-six.
Lincoln's Inn.
Tuo' CROSSE.
AND BE BE IT REMEMBRED, that the Ninth day of January, in the
year above written, the aforesaid James Collier came before our said Lord the
King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Invention aforesaid, and all and
every thing therein contained and specifyed, in form above written. And also
the Invention aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the Statute made
in the sixth year of the reign of the late King and Queen William and Mary
of England, and so forth.