Improvements in or connected with Portable Mangers and Head-guards for Animals of Draught.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 9th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1894
RUVIDIONAL BIBITICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Portable Mangers and
Head-guards for Animals of Draught.
I, ARTURO DE ROSSI-GALLICO, of the City of Genoa, in the Province of
Liguria, Kingdom of Italy, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention primarily refers to mechanical means or appliances as hereafter
described for enabling horses and other draught animals to be fed while in
harness without fatigue, and with equal facility as when feeding in a stall, from a
manger, or otherwise, while at the same time means may be provided for pro-
tecting the animals so feeding from the rays of the sun, or other atmospheric
influences, when such protection is or may be required or advisable.
Hitherto the method usually adopted, for giving the animals their food under
said conditions, has been the so-called "nose-bag," which is swung or strapped
on the animal's head in such a manner that its nose is confined at a certain depth
in the bag in which the food is placed. Such means are highly objectionable,
for many reasons too long to enumerate in this Specification.
According to this invention, the pole or shafts of a vehicle (when such pole
or shafts are employed), and not the animal's head, are made to sustain the
weight of the food and its container or holder, so that the animal's head remains
perfectly free and unencumbered.
The means of effecting this may be generally stated as follows:-On the pole
or shafts I attach or rest either folding bars or arms, lazy-tonge, telescope-tubes,
sliding bars, up and down folding brackets, pendant bars or other similar means
either singly or combined, as may give a prolongation sufficient for attaching or
suspending a folding or rigid manger, at the distance requisite to accommodate
the animal's mouth. Or, the pole or shafts may be made long enough for the
purpose, such extra prolongation being, say, a part of the same shaft or pole made
to fold up or down on itself or to telescope into itself.
When, however, neither poles nor shafts are used (and this sometimes occurs
on level tram roads), the vehicle being drawn by traces or chains connected to
the collar or collars of the draught animals, I then utilize the said collars for
the supporting or carrying my mechanical means or appliances for feeding the
animals.
To the pole of the vehicle, what I call sliding bars, tubes, or "coulisses" are
applied by clips, which secure the sliding bars or tubes to the pole, the clips
having springs to press against the sides of the said pole, this being a convenient
way of securing the sliding bars or tubes thereto, although other means may be
adopted for the purpose, such as pressure screws, whereby the bars or tubes may
be readily fixed to or removed from the pole or shafts of a vehicle when required.
A bar or tube which slides in the fixed tube carries at its fore end, or has
pivotted, hinged, or jointed to it by universal joint, a third tubular member, which
can be erected to any required angle. This third member supports a sliding
sleeve from which the manger proper is swung or rested at the desired height.
The sliding sleeve may be retained at any desired height upon the third or last
tube, say by a pin being passed through one of several holes formed in the third
or last tube. Mounted and free to turn on the sleeve, I may provide two rings,
each of which carries a pivot, from which the mangers are swung.
The manger is formed as follows: The top part or mouth is composed of

page_text: an iron or other metal frame so constructed as to fold about the centres of the
two ends, and to the folding frame is attached a suitable light, strong canvas,
forming a pouch or pocket large enough to allow of the easy folding of said
frame, and to contain the food. Each manger is supported at one end thereof
by the pivots on the sliding sleeve aforesaid, and when not in use, each of the
manger frames may be folded upwards and swung around the sleeve until they
come together; the sleeve may be removed from the third or last tube and the
device folded together, or the ends of the pivots may be bifurcated, when the
manger frames may be lifted from their sockets, and the device similarly folded
after the removal of the sleeve.
As applied to a vehicle drawn by one animal, the devices are arranged so that,
from each of the shafts of the vehicle, similar devices, somewhat as previously
described, extend to support a manger between their outer ends. 1 will describe
the bars on one shaft, that for the other shaft being, as aforesaid, of identical
construction but reverse handed. I provide two clips, one being passed over the
shaft from above and the other from beneath. These clips are formed in a piece
with, or fixed to, a side plate, which extends along, the outer side of the shaft,
and the said clips are provided with pressure plates and springs to grip the shaft.
The side plate is formed with a guide, in which is fitted a rod, free to slide
therein a distance regulated by a pin working in a longitudinal slot in the said
side plate. At the outer extremity of the rod is jointed thereto another rod, by
means of a rule or knuckle or other joint, and this latter rod is formed at its
end with a hook or the like to receive the projecting ends of the pivots of the
manger frame. When required, the bars may be folded and the feeding appliance
packed away.
I have described somewhat detailed constructions of appliances, constructed
according to my invention, adapted to pair-horse and to single-horse vehicles, but
it will be obvious that various arrangements of such apparatus may be devised,
and yet come well within the scope of my said invention; thus I may provide an
extension arm composed of two vertical rods, the inner of which is hinged to a
clip on the shafts or pole as the case may be. The rods are formed with slots in
which adjustable.bolts are situated, the said bolts in the slots of the two bars being
connected by bars arranged in a manner usually adopted in instruments or apparatus
"lazy-tongs," so that the distance apart of the bars may be regulated
with great nicety and according to the position the animal or animals may occupy.
To the outer rod the manger is slung, and the animal or animals feed therefrom,
as before described. The extension rods may be made telescopic, the inner or
larger rod being carried or supported by a suitable bracket on the pole or shaft.
The joint between the telescopic part and the bracket is arranged in any convenient
manner so that the telescopic part may be adjusted to any angle by serrated bolt
head and corresponding teeth on the lugs of the telescopic part, and held thereby
at any required angle.
known as
According to another arrangement, the several extension rods may be jointed
together and carry the portable manger at the end. These rods can be folded up
on one another or unfolded as required.
An arrangement may be provided to form an extension of the pole or shafts,
such extension having sockets in the sides, into which the rods carrying the
portable manger can be inserted when required; a hinged bracket for supporting
the extension is provided and secured by a thumbscrew to the under side of the
pole or shafts.
Where the shafts or pole are not available, I apply apparatus to the collar of
the animal. The apparatus may be of any suitable construction approximating to
those hereinbefore described, and may be applied to the collar by universal joints
such as are capable of being fixed where desired. A particular construction of
such may be as follows: A plate, say of elliptical shape, is cupped or recessed
centrally to receive a ball carrying a socket; through this socket a rod passes,
being free to slide therein, the rod carrying the manger. The rod may be fixed

page_text: when desired in the socket by a set screw; the ball may be fixed in its socket in
the plate by a set screw, operating on a split ring to open or close same and hold
the ball.tight when desired; similar appliances are fitted to each outer side of the
collar. The cupped plates are held to the collar by straps and buckles passing
over the collar, the plates being connected by a band passing below same, into
which band springs or spring material of any suitable construction are introduced,
rendering the adjustment of the apparatus to the collar easily and readily effected.
Hitherto, horses and other animals have received little or no protection from
the scorching rays of the sun, or from rain, on the head, which is the most
susceptible part of the animal. In some countries, such inadequate contrivances
as caps, hats, and bonnets, of straw, fustian, canvas etc. are sometimes resorted to;
or sponging with water, or with water and vinegar; but the practical result is
scarcely appreciable.
According to my invention, the animal's head may be defended by a head-guard,
consisting of a hood, shade, or awning, supported at the proper height by apparatus
such as aforesaid. This shade, hood, or awning is carried on a light folding frame,
which constitutes part and parcel of the guard, and it is made of any suitable
material, such as canvas, esparto grass, holland stuff, Japanese matting, wood-
blind, &c. The hood or guard is adjustable to any required angle for intercepting
sun-rays, or warding off rain, hail, or snow, and folds or collapses into a very small
volume when so desired. This guard, which is more particularly designed for use
when the animal is at rest, may be used also while it is in motion.
Dated this 19th day of June 1893.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Portable Mangers and
Head-guards for Animals of Draught.
I, ARTURO DE ROSSI-GALLICO, of the City of Genoa, in the Province of
Liguria, Kingdom of Italy, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention primarily refers to mechanical means or appliances as hereafter
described for enabling horses and other draught animals to be fed while in harness
without fatigue, and with equal facility as when feeding in a stall, from a manger,
or otherwise, while at the same time means may be provided for protecting the
animals so feeding from the rays of the sun or other atmospheric influences when
such protection is or may be required or advisable.
Hitherto the method usually adopted for giving the animals their food under said
conditions, has been the so-called "nose-bag," which is swung or strapped on the
animal's head in such a manner that its nose is confined at a certain depth in the
bag in which the food is placed. Such means are highly objectionable for many
reasons too long to enumerate in this Specification.
According to this invention, the pole or shafts of a vehicle (when such pole or
shafts are employed), and not the animal's head, are made to sustain the weight of
the food and its container or holder, so that the animal's head remains perfectly
free and unencumbered.
The means of effecting this may be generally stated as follows:-On the pole or
shafts I attach or rest either folding bars or arms, lazy-tongs, telescope-tubes,
sliding bars, up and down folding brackets, pendant bars, or other similar means,
either singly or combinedly, as may give a prolongation sufficient for attaching
or suspending a folding or rigid manger at the distance requisite to accommodate
same to the animal's mouth. Or, the pole or shafts may be made long enough for

page_text: the purpose, such extra prolongation being, say, a part of the
made to fold up or down on itself.
Same
Por
When, however, neither poles nor shafts are used (and this sometimes occurs on
level tram roads), the vehicle being drawn by traces or chains connected to the
collar or collars of the draught animals, I then utilize the said collars for the
supporting or carrying my mechanical means or appliances for feeding the animals
as aforesaid. The invention will be best understood by further describing same
with reference to the figures illustrated on the accompanying drawings, as hereafter
referred to.
Figs. 1 to 9 shew details of a food container constructed according to my
invention, suitable for containing fo d to feed two horses. Fig. 1 is a side elevation,
Fig. 2 a plan. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the general arrangement, shewing the
apparatus applied to a pole in the position it occupies when the horses are feeding.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the apparatus closed. Fig. 5 is a cross section of
Fig. 1 on the line y. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation shewing method of fixing
the containers to the standard. Figs. 7 and 8 shew a modified form of fixing the
containers to the standard, and Figs. 9 shew sections of bars employed in the
manufacture of the apparatus.
Figs. 10 to 14 shew details of a food container suitable for a single horse, Fig. 10
being a side elevation and Fig. 11 a plan of the apparatus open. Fig. 12 is a side
elevation of apparatus closed. Figs. 13 and 14 are sections shewing means that
may be conveniently employed for attaching the apparatus to the shafts. Figs. 15, 16,
and 17 are respectively elevation, half plan, and cross section, shewing a varied
construction of the design referred to at Figs. 10 to 14, but drawn to a smaller
scale than the latter figures.
Fig. 18 shews by a diagram view a modification of the manger suspension
apparatus illustrated by the previous figures. Fig. 19 is an elevation, and Fig. 20
a cross section, of another modification of extension and suspension apparatus
constructed according to my invention. Fig. 21 shews a diagram view of another
modified form of the apparatus and Fig. 22 is another diagram of a further modified
form.
Fig. 23 is a plan and Fig. 24 an elevation of suitable means for holding the
container from the collar of the animal, the collar being shewn in section in order
to clearly illustrate the apparatus. Fig. 25 is a perspective view of the arrange-
ments shewn at Figs. 23 and 24; and Fig. 26 shews, on a larger scale than Figs. 23
and 24, a ball joint tightening device as applied to the collar, it being a suitable
means of applying and securing the invention to the collars of draught animals.
Figs. 27 to 32 illustrate an example of head guard, applied to a construction of
manger carrier, all constructed according to my invention.
Particularly referring to Figs. 1 to 9, A is the pole of the vehicle, to which
guide bars, tubes, or ❝ coulisses "B are applied by clips C C, best seen by the
sectional view Fig. 5, which secure the guide bar or tube B to the pole A by
means of the springs C¹ on the clips, the said springs pressing against the sides of
the said pole A, as shewn at Fig. 5. This is shewn as a convenient way of
securing the sliding bars or tubes to the pole, but other means may be adopted
for the purpose, such as pressure screws, whereby the guide bar or tube B be
readily fixed to or removed from the pole or shafts of a vehicle when required.
The sliding bar or tube B', which slides in the groove of the fixed guide tube or
bar B, carries at its fore end, or has pivotted, hinged, or jointed to it by universal
joint, a third tubular_member E, which can be erected to any required angle.
This third member E supports a sliding sleeve as hereafter described, from
which the manger proper is swung or rested at the desired height.
may
The sections of the bars B B' and E such as 1 prefer to employ for this
arrangement of manger carrier are clearly shewn at Fig. 9, and are formed to
readily fit one into another, so that when folded as shewn at Fig. 4, the bar B is
slidden into the bar B¹, while the tube E is turned on its pivot B₁x and lies within
the trough of part B. The end of part B is so cut away about the pivot Bix

page_text: as to allow the tube, when in position as at Fig. 1, to incline slightly so that it
will not accidentally become folded. Upon the tube E is a sleeve G which may
be retained at any desired height upon the third or last tube E, say by a pin G³
being passed through one of several holes formed in the third or last tube,
see Fig. 6. Mounted and free to turn on the sleeve G in the construction shewn
at Fig. 6 are two rings G¹, each of which carries a pivot G G, from which the
mangers hereafter described are swung. Instead of the pivots being carried as
at Fig. 6, they may be fitted as at Figs. 7 and 8, where the sleeve G is formed
with two sockets each side, and each of the pivots is bifurcated, the legs being
inserted within the sockets of the sleeve. The manger is formed as follows:
The top part or mouth G is composed of an iron or other metal frame, so
constructed as to fold about the centres of the two ends, and to the folding frame
is attached a suitable light strong canvas, forming a pouch or pocket F large
enough to allow of the easy folding of said frame, and to contain the food. In
the arrangement shewn at Sheet 1 of the drawings, each manger is supported at
one end thereof, as shewn at Fig. 6, by the pivots G on the rings G, and when
not in use, each of the manger frames G may be folded upwards and swung (by
means of the rings G¹) around the sleeve G2 until they come together; the sleeve G'
may be removed from the third or last tube E and the device folded together as
shewn at Fig. 4, or if arranged as at Figs. 7 and 8, the bifurcated ends of the
pivots G are lifted from their sockets, and the device similarly folded after the
removal of the sleeve G².
Referring to Figs. 10 to 17, where my invention is illustrated as applied to a
vehicle drawn by one animal, A A are the shafts of the vehicle, from each of
which similar devices extend to support a manger between their outer ends. I
will describe the bars on one shaft, that for the other shaft being, as aforesaid, of
identical construction, but reverse handed. Referring to Figs. 10 to 14, CC are
clips, that shewn at Fig. 14 being passed over the shaft from above, and that
at Fig. 13 from beneath. These clips are formed in a piece with, or fixed to, a
side plate B which extends along the outer side of the shaft, and the said clips
are provided with pressure plates C and springs C' to grip the shaft. The side
plate B is formed with a guide B*, in which is fitted a rod B' free to slide therein
a distance regulated by a pin B1x working in a longitudinal slot in the said side
plate B. At the outer extremity of the rod B' is jointed thereto another rod E
by means of a rule or knuckle or other joint, and this latter rod is formed at its
end with a hook or the like to receive the projecting ends of the pivots G4 of the
manger frame.
When required, the bars may be folded and slidden into the
position shewn at Fig. 12, the manger F having been first removed from same,
folded and stowed away as in the former arrangement; this done, the feeding
supporting appliance packed on the shafts as shewn at Fig. 12 occupies very
little space, and is at all times available for use when required, or may be removed
as desired.
In some cases the plate guard B may be dispensed with, and the apparatus may
be constructed as at Figs. 1 to 17, where the bar B' is carried by and pivoted to
a bracket B, the lugs of the latter being passed through an aperture in a
strap C, Fig. 17, and the latter buckled onto the shaft A.
F is the manger;
B is a yoke piece sliding on the bar B and taking into one of the notches
therein; this yoke B* is supported by a chain Fig. 15 secured thereto and passed
round the shaft the hooked end of the chain being attached to one of the links
thereof. When not required for use, the apparatus may be readily removed from
the shafts, or turned back.
I have described somewhat detailed constructions of appliances constructed
according to my invention, adapted to pair horse and to single horse vehicles, but
it will be obvious that various arrangements of such apparatus may be devised,
and yet come well within the scope of my said invention; thus referring to
Figs. 18 to 26, they shew an extension arm composed of two vertical rods E E',
the inner E of which is hinged to a clip C, on the shafts or pole, as the case may

page_text: be, and so that the said arm may be folded down on the said shafts or pole when
required, and when raised into a vertical position, as shewn in the drawing, it is
held by a stay or cord a connected to it and the shafts or pole. The rods EE'
are formed with slots in which adjustable bolts are situated, being capable of
adjustment in the said slots. The bolts 6 in the slots of the two bars E E' are
connected by bars (as indicated by the thick lines) arranged in a manner usually
adopted in instruments or apparatus known as "lazy-tongs," so that the distance
apart of the bars E E' may be regulated with great nicety and according to the
position the animal or animals may occupy. To the outer rod E' the manger Fis
slung, and the animal or animals feed therefrom as before described. When the
apparatus is not required for use, the manger is removed, the bars E E' are brought
up close to one another, and both are folded down onto the shafts or pole as before
described with reference to the apparatus illustrated at Figs. 10 to 14. Fig. 19
shews an arrangement where the extension rods are made telescopic, the inner
or larger rod being carried or supported by a suitable bracket on the pole or shaft.
The joint between the telescopic part and the bracket I is arranged in any con-
venient manner so that the telescopic part may be adjusted to any angle, thus the
joint may be arranged as shewn at Fig. 20, where the bolt is formed with a square
part where it passes through the bracket I, and the head is formed on its inner
face with radial teeth, which, when the bolt is screwed up, take into corresponding
teeth on the lug of the telescopic part, and hold same at any required angle.
Fig. 21 shews another arrangement of extension rods, jointed together say by
joints as at Fig. 20 and carrying the portable manger at the end. These rods can
be folded up on one another or unfolded as required.
Fig. 22 shews an arrangement that may be provided to form an extension of the
pole or shaft, such extension having sockets in the sides, into which the rods
carrying the portable manger can be inserted when required; K is a hinged
triangular bracket for supporting the extension and secured by a thumbscrew to
the under side of the pole or shafts.
Where the shafts or pole are not available, I apply apparatus to the collar of
the animal. The apparatus may be of any suitable construction, approximating
to those herein before described, and may be applied to the collar by universal
joints, such as are capable of being fixed where desired. A particular construction
of such may be as shewn at Figs. 23 to 26, where a plate P, say of elliptical
shape, is cupped or recessed centrally to receive a ball P¹ carrying a socket Q;
through this socket Q, a rod R passes, being free to slide therein, and the outer end
of the rod R carries one end of the manger F. The rod R may be fixed when
desired in the socket Q by a set screw as shewn; the ball P¹ may be fixed in its
socket in the plate P by a set screw P2 operating on a split ring S to open or close
same and hold the ball tight when desired. Similar appliances are fitted to each
outer side of the collar as best seen at Fig. 23. The cupped plates P are held to
the collar by straps and buckles S' passing over the top of the collar, the plates
being connected by a band S2 passing below same, into which band S springs or
spring material of any suitable construction are introduced, rendering the
adjustment of the apparatus to the collar easily and readily effected.
Hitherto, horses and other animals have received little or no protection from the
scorching rays of the sun, or from rain, on the head, which is the most susceptible
part of the animal. In some countries, such inadequate contrivances as caps,
hats, and bonnets, of straw, fustian, canvas, etc. are sometimes resorted to; or
sponging with water, or with water and vinegar; but the practical result is scarcely
appreciable.
According to my invention, the animal's head may be defended by a head-guard,
consisting of a hood, shade, or awning, supported at the proper height by apparatus
such as aforesaid. At Figs. 27 to 32 I have illustrated a head guard according to
my invention, and shewn applied to and supported by a manger-carrying apparatus
similar to those hereinbefore described. Figs. 27 and 28 shew in elevation and plan
respectively, the manger-carrier and head-guard complete; the manger carrier is

page_text: composed of a guide-bar B held to the shaft A by clips C, the sliding tube B' in
this case being elliptical in cross section, and provided at its end with upwardly
extended tapered pins G', see Fig. 29, which shews this part, drawn to a larger
scale than the previous figures, in transverse section taken on the line X Y of
Fig. 27; sockets formed with the joint pins of the elliptical folding manger frames G
take onto the tapered pins G₁ and support the said mangers. To apply the head
guard, 1 slide upon the elliptical tube B' a bracket T having a vertical tapered
socket T¹ to support a vertical tube T, best seen at Fig. 30, which is a vertical
transverse section on line X1 Y¹ of Fig. 27. Fig. 31 shews on an enlarged scale a
horizontal section of a sleeve U, retained upon the tube T2 at any desired elevation
by a pin U passing through the said sleeve U and into the tube T. Extending
laterally from each side of the sleeve U are tapered trunnions U³, onto which are
fitted socket brackets U³ carrying frame tubes V, while screws passing through the
sockets Us and tube V hold the said sockets U³ onto the trunnions U2 with the
desired frictional stiffness. The tubes V form integral parts of frames extending
outwardly therefrom, as shewn in the plan view Fig. 28; each frame, as illustrated
by the enlarged plan view Fig. 32, consists of such a tube V from which rule or
knuckle jointed bars W extend to support a parallel tube V¹. These frames are
covered with cotton, linen, or like fabric, and by their construction are adapted to
be folded when not required for use, as indicated by the dotted lines Fig. 32, and
the said frames may then be turned in the trunnions U parallel with the tubes T',
and the latter with the frames 'may be removed from the socket T and rolled or
otherwise stowed away. The frames V V₁ may be caused to assume any angle
from the horizontal, say in the direction shewn by dotted lines at Fig. 27, and are
retained in required positions by chains X adjustable as to length. This guard,
which is more particularly designed for use when the animal is at rest, may be used
also while it is in motion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :
1. In portable collapsable mangers for draught animals, the utilization of the
pole, shafts, or collar of the animal, as a medium for supporting appliances or
apparatus for sustaining the weight of the food and its container or holder, whereby
the animal's head remains perfectly free and unencumbered while feeding, substan-
tially as set forth.
2. In portable collapsable mangers as applied to the poles of vehicles, the
construction and arrangement of apparatus or appliances, together with any mere
modification or modifications thereof, composed of bars sliding within one another
(secured to the pole by clips constructed as described or otherwise), and carrying
another bar at its forward end, from which the manger proper is suspended, and
substantially as described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
and 9, of the accompanying drawings..
3. In portable collapsable mangers and apparatus connected therewith as
applied to the shafts of vehicles, the construction and arrangement of such substan-
tially as hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 10 to 17 of
the accompanying drawings.
4. In portable collapsable manger supporting apparatus, the arrangement_as
described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 18, 19, and 20 of the accompanying
drawings.
5. In portable collapsable manger supporting apparatus, the arrangement as
described and illustrated with reference to Fig. 21 of the accompanying drawings.
6. In portable collapsable manger supporting apparatus, the arrangement as
described and illustrated with reference to Fig. 22 of the accompanying drawings.
7. In portable collapsable manger supporting apparatus as applied to the collars
of draught animals, the construction and arrangement of apparatus or appliances
together with any mere modification or modifications thereof substantially as and for

page_text: the purposes herein before described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 23, 24, 25,
and 26 of the accompanying drawings.
8. The head-guard apparatus for animals of draught, whether combined with the
herein before described and claimed collapsible manger-supporting apparatus, or
separate therefrom, substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 9th day of November 1893.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicant.