IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS SINGEING APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Summerscales, of Keighley, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, and Mark Mason, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
SINGEING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 10th December 1861, and dated the 14th June 1861.1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Summerscales and
Mark Mason at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition; on the 14th June 1861.
We, JOIN SUMMERSCALES, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, and MARK MASON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN GAS SINGEING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for singeing or removing the loose fibr
from the surface of textile or other fabrics and yarns by means of a mixture ct
gas and atmospheric air ignited, which operation is performed by passing or
travelling the materials or fabrics over cr otherwise in contact with a series of
gas jets, the gas and air being forced through the burners by a fan, or drawn
through by exhausting-means, in order to impinge more keenly upon the fabrics
or materials. In practice we find that the flame penetrates into the fabric or
substance, and impoverishes it by burning the loose fibre out from betwixt the
threads of the fabric as well as from the surface thereof, which is very
[Price 8d

page_text: objectionable, to remedy which we employ a bed or dead surface placed in
contact with the fabrics on the opposite side to the gas jets, which prevents the
flame penetrating into the substance, and causes it to spread over the surface
of the fabric, thereby removing the loose fibre from the surface only, which is
done more evenly than heretofore. And in order to maintain an equal heat of
the bed we have it hollow, and supply it with water, which we keep at as near
as may be an even or uniform temperature. The external surfaces of this
hollow bed or vessel are made smooth, and we first pass the fabric to be singed
over or on the opposite side to the jets, and then around a roller, returning it
betwixt itself and the vessel, the two parts of the fabric being in contact and
pressing upon the vessel; the rubbing together of the surfaces raises the pile or
loose fibre, and thus dispenses with a brush, and the heat from the vessel
prepares it for the singeing process.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Summerscales and Mark Mason in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
SUMMERSCALES, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Maker, and
MARK MASON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Summerscales and Mark Mason, Her special license that
we,the
said John Summerscales and Mark Mason, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John, Summerscales and Mark
Mason, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GAS SINGEING APPARATUS," upon the condition, amongst others, that we,
the said John Summerscales and Mark Mason, our executors or adminis.
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their, or one of their
hands and. seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Summerscales and Mark Mason,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to apparatus for singeing or removing the loose fibre
from the surface of textile or other fabrics and yarns by means of a mixture of
gas and atmospheric air ignited, which operation is performed by passing or
travelling the materials or fabrics over or otherwise in contact with a series of
gas jets, the gas and air being forced through the burners by a fan, or drawn
through by exhausting means, in order to impinge more keenlyupon the fabrics
or materials. In practice we find that the flame penetrates into the fabric or
substance and impoverishes it by burning the loose fibre out from betwixt the
threads of the fabric as well as from the surface thereof, which is very objec-
tionable, to remedy which we employ a bed or dead surface placed in contact
with the fabrics on the opposite side to the gas jets, which prevents the flame
penetrating into the substance, and causes it to spread over the surface of the
fabric, thereby removing the loose fibre from the surface only, which is done
more evenly than heretofore; and in order to maintain an equal heat of the
bed we have it hollow, and supply it with water, which we keep at as near as
may be an even or uniform temperature. The external surfaces of this hollow
bed or vessel are made smooth, and we first pass the fabric to be singed over or
on the opposite side to the jets, and then around a roller, returning it betwixt
itself and the vessel, the two parts of the fabric being in contact and pressing
upon the vessel; the rubbing together of the surfaces raises the pile or loose
fibre, and thus dispenses with a brush, and the heat from the vessel prepares it
for the singeing process.
In order that our said Invention may be clearly understood, we have given
reference to an accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. lisaside view
of a gas singeing apparatus or machine withour improvements applied thereto.
A is the bed or dead surface, which is supported on four pillars B, fixed to the
framing; C, D, E, are rollers for conducting the fabrics to be singed; F are
the gas jets or burners, which are attached by branch pipes and taps G to a
horizontal pipe H, connected at each end to two upright pipes 1, which are
again connected to other pipes J,and by joints or stuffing boxes,in which they
can oscillate to a cross pipe K attached to the end of a main pipe L, through

page_text: M is a fan for accumu-
which both the gas and air is passed to the burners.
lating air, and forcing such air and gas through the said pipes; N is a tap for
regulating the quantity of air required to be passed through; andO is an outlet
valve through which any surplus of air accumulated may pass; P is an
inlet pipe and tap for admitting and regulating the quantity of gas, which is
attached by a tee-pipe p to the main pipe L. The jets F can be raised and
lowered or placed at any required distance from the bed A by means of a hand
lever Q, which is fixed on a shaft R, extending across the framing, and on
which are arms S fixed, which carry or support the pipes I and J, and conse-
quently the jets, which can also be lowered or removed quite clear of the bed,
as shewn by the dotted lines. The bed becomes hot by the continued action
of the gas flame upon it, which heat drys the fabrics in passing over, thus
preparing them to be more readily acted upon by the gas flame for burning or
removing the loose fibre therefrom, thereby economizing or saving the gas;
but as it is desirable that the temperature of the bed should not vary, or that
its heat should be capable of being regulated, it is made hollow, forming an
enclosed vessel and supplied with water through a pipeand tap a; and there is
also an outlet pipe and tap at the other end, by means of which a certain or
suitable admission or quantity of water may be regulated so as to beconstantly
circulating or passing through the vessel, and thereby maintaining it at such
uniform or even temperature as may be desirable. b is a water gauge to
indicate the height of water in the vessel, and c is a safety valve to prevent
explosion, and a steam gauge may also be applied if required.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a portion of the said bed or vessel, with the
gas jets
or burners and pipes. The jets are made in short lengths of piping perforated
on the upper side. The fabrics to be singed are placed at T, and pass, as
shewn by dotted lines, in the direction of the arrows over the roller U, under
the roller U¹, over the bed A, around the roller C, over the bed again betwixt
the fabric and bed. The rubbing action of two portions of fabrics in contact
moving or travelling in contrary directions operate like a brush upon each
other and raises the pile or loose fibre, and the heat of the bed drys the fabrics
ready for singeing. From thence passing around the roller 1), under and in
close contact with the bed, pass over the gas jets or burners, the flame from
which burns the loose fibre from the surface without penetrating into the
substance or betwixt the weft and warp threads,consequentlynotimpoverishing
the fabric as heretofore. From thence the fabrics pass over the roller E, and
betwixt the rollers or cylinders Vaud V₁, to and betwixt the pressingrollers V
and V3, thence over the roller W and betwixt the rollers X and X', thence
deposited at Y in folds by the oscillating motion of the arms Z.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed or carried into practical effect, we would
have it understood that we do not confine or restrict ourselves to the form of
bed, nor the precise arrangements of carrying rollers and other parts of the
apparatus, as herein shewn; and we would also observe that two or more of
such beds or vessels with gas jets or series of burners may be employed in the
same machine, and the fabrics carried or caused to pass in contact with each
bed and series of burners in like manner and succession; but what we claim
as of our Invention and which we believe to be new is,-
Firstly, the application to gas singeing machines of a bed or dead surface or
vessel placed opposite the gas jets or burners to prevent the flames penetrating
the fabrics being singed, and for drying fabrics.
Secondly, the mode or method of preparing fabrics for singeing by conducting
them over or in contact with a hot surface, and also in travelling such fabrics
so as to cause them to brush themselves or rub their surfaces together, in
manner as herein shewn.
Thirdly, the combination and general arrangement of the partsor apparatus
substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Summerscales and Mark
Mason, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
MARK MASON.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named John Summerscales and Mark
Mason in the presence of
WM TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
CALES. (L.S.)
(L.8.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Summerscales, of Keighley, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, and Mark Mason, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
SINGEING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 10th December 1861, and dated the 14th June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Summerscales and
Mark Mason at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th June 1861.
We, JOHN SUMMERSCALES, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, and MARK MASON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN GAS SINGKING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for singeing or removing the loose fibre
from the surface of textile or other fabrics and yarns by means of a mixture of
gas and atmospheric air ignited, which operation is performed by passing or
travelling the materials or fabrics over or otherwise in contact with a series of
gas jets, the gas and air being forced through the burners by a fan, or drawn
through by exhausting means, in order to impinge more keenly upon the fabrics
or materials. In practice we find that the flame penetrates into the fabric or
substance, and impoverishes it by burning the loose fibre out from betwixt the
threads of the fabric as well as from the surface thereof, which is very
SHANSA

page_text: objectionable, to remedy which we employ a bed or dead surface placed in
contact with the fabrics on the opposite side to the gas jets, which prevents the
flame penetrating into the substance, and causes it to spread over the surface
of the fabric, thereby removing the loose fibre from the surface only, which is
done more evenly than heretofore. And in order to maintain an equal heat of
the bed we have it hollow, and supply it with water, which we keep at as near
as may be an even or uniform temperature. The external surfaces of this
hollow bed or vessel are made smooth, and we first pass the fabric to be singed
over or on the opposite side to the jets, and then around a roller, returning it
betwixt itself and the vessel, the two parts of the fabric being in contact and
pressing upon the vessel; the rubbing together of the surfaces raises the pile or
loose fibre, and thus dispenses with a brush, and the heat from the vessel
prepares it for the singeing process.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Summerscales and Mark Mason in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
SUMMERSCALES, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Maker, and
MARK MASON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Summerscales and Mark Mason, Her special license that we, the
said John Summerscales and Mark Mason, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Summerscales and Mark
Mason, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GAS SINGEING APPARATUS," upon the condition, amongst others, that we,
the said John Summerscales and Mark Mason, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their, or one of their
bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Summerscales and Mark Mason,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to apparatus for singeing or removing the loose fibre
from the surface of textile or other fabrics and yarns by means of a mixture of
gas and atmospheric air ignited, which operation is performed by passing or
travelling the materials or fabrics over or otherwise in contact with a series of
gas jets, the gas and air being forced through the burners by a fan, or drawn
through by exhausting means, in order to impinge more keenly upon the fabrics
or materials. In practice we find that the flame penetrates into the fabric or
substance and impoverishes it by burning the loose fibre out from betwixt the
threads of the fabric as well as from the surface thereof, which is very objec-
tionable, to remedy which we employ a bed or dead surface placed in contact
with the fabrics on the opposite side to the gas jets, which prevents the flame
penetrating into the substance, and causes it to spread over the surface of the
fabric, thereby removing the loose fibre from the surface only, which is done
more evenly than heretofore; and in order to maintain an equal heat of the
bed we have it hollow, and supply it with water, which we keep at as near as
may be an even or uniform temperature. The external surfaces of this hollow
bed or vessel are made smooth, and we first pass the fabric to be singed over or
on the opposite side to the jets, and then around a roller, returning it betwixt
itself and the vessel, the two parts of the fabric being in contact and pressing
upon the vessel; the rubbing together of the surfaces raises the pile or loose
fibre, and thus dispenses with a brush, and the heat from the vessel prepares it
for the singeing process.
In order that our said Invention may be clearly understood, we have given
reference to an accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side view
of a gas singeing apparatus or machine with our improvements applied thereto.
A is the bed or dead surface, which is supported on four pillars B, fixed to tho
framing; C, D, E, are rollers for conducting the fabrics to be singed; F are
the gas jets or burners, which are attached by branch pipes and taps G to a
horizontal pipe H, connected at each end to two upright pipes I, which are
again connected to other pipes J, and by joints or stuffing boxes, in which they
can oscillate to a cross pipe K attached to the end of a main pipe L, through

page_text: which both the gas and air is passed to the burners. M is a fan for accumu-
lating air, and forcing such air and gas through the said pipes; N is a tap for
regulating the quantity of air required to be passed through; and O is an outlet
valve through which any surplus of air accumulated may pass; P is an
inlet pipe and tap for admitting and regulating the quantity of gas, which is
attached by a tee-pipe p to the main pipe L. The jets F can be raised and
lowered or placed at any required distance from the bed A by means of a hand
lever Q, which is fixed on a shaft R, extending across the framing, and on
which are arms S fixed, which carry or support the pipes I and J, and conse
quently the jets, which can also be lowered or removed quite clear of the bed,
as shewn by the dotted lines. The bed becomes hot by the continued action
of the gas flame upon it, which heat drys the fabrics in passing over, thus
preparing them to be more readily acted upon by the gas flame for burning or
removing the loose fibre therefrom, thereby economizing or saving the gas;
but as it is desirable that the temperature of the bed should not vary, or that
its heat should be capable of being regulated, it is made hollow, forming an
enclosed vessel and supplied with water through a pipe and tap a; and there is
also an outlet pipe and tap at the other end, by means of which a certain or
suitable admission or quantity of water may be regulated so as to be constantly
circulating or passing through the vessel, and thereby maintaining it at such
uniform or even temperature as may be desirable. 6 is a water gauge to
indicate the height of water in the vessel, and c is a safety valve to prevent
explosion, and a steam gauge may also be applied if required.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a portion of the said bed or vessel, with the gas jets
or burners and pipes. The jets are made in short lengths of piping perforated
on the upper side. The fabrics to be singed are placed at T, and pass, as.
shown by dotted lines, in the direction of the arrows over the roller U, under
the roller U', over the bed A, around the roller C, over the bed again betwixt
the fabric and bed. The rubbing action of two portions of fabrics in contact
moving or travelling in contrary directions operate like a brush upon each
other and raises the pile or loose fibre, and the heat of the bed drys the fabrics
ready for singeing. From thence passing around the roller D, under and in
close contact with the bed, pass over the gas jets or burners, the flame from.
which burns the loose fibre from the surface without penetrating into the
substance or betwixt the weft and warp threads, consequently not impoverishing
the fabric as heretofore. From thence the fabrics pass over the roller E, and.
betwixt the rollers or cylinders V and V', to and betwixt the pressing rollers V*
and V, thence over the roller W and betwixt the rollers X and X', thence
deposited at Y in folds by the oscillating motion of the arms Z.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed or carried into practical effect, we would
have it understood that we do not confine or restrict ourselves to the form of
bed, nor the precise arrangements of carrying rollers and other parts of the
apparatus, as herein shewn; and we would also observe that two or more of
such beds or vessels with gas jets or series of burners may be employed in the
same machine, and the fabrics carried or caused to pass in contact with each
bed and series of burners in like manner and succession; but what we claim
as of our Invention and which we believe to be new is,-
Firstly, the application to gas singeing machines of a bed or dead surface or
vessel placed opposite the gas jets or burners to prevent the flames penetrating
the fabrics being singed, and for drying fabrics.
Secondly, the mode or method of preparing fabrics for singeing by conducting
them over or in contact with a hot surface, and also in travelling such fabrics
so as to cause them to brush themselves or rub their surfaces together, in
manner as herein shewn.
Thirdly, the combination and general arrangement of the parts or apparatus
substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Summerscales and Mark
Mason, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOHN SOMMET
MARK MASON.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named John Summerscales and Mark
Mason in the presence of
W*. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
CALLOS
(L.B.)