AN IMPROVED PANELING AND MOULDING MACHINE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes
-
and Son, Patent Agents, 123, Ohancery Lane, London, for the In-
vention of "AN IMPROVED PANELING AND MOULDING MACHINE." A
communication from abroad by Lewis McDonald Hills, of the City
and County of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut, United
States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th August 1873.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son,
Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PANELING AND MOULDING
MACHINE," a communication to me from abroad by Lewis M'Donald
Hills, of the City and County of New Haven, in the State of Con-
necticut, United States of America, to be as follows:
This Invention relates to a machine for working wood, the class of
work done being known as paneling or moulding, and the Invention

page_text: consists in the combination of devices as more fully herein-after
described, whereby a variety of work may be produced.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 represents a front view of the
machine; Fig. 2, a plan view of the templet; Fig. 3, a longitudinal
section; Figs. 4, 5, and 6, detached views of the same.
consists in the combination of devices as more fully herein-after
described, whereby a variety of work may be produced.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 represents a front view of the
machine; Fig. 2, a plan view of the templet; Fig. 3, a longitudinal
section; Figs. 4, 5, and 6, detached views of the same.
Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, the device for moulding curved surfaces.
Figs. 12 and 13, details of the cutter head, and Fig. 14 the stationary
table.
A is the bed of the machine supported upon legs A³. Upon the bed
is arranged a platen B moved longitudinally in suitable guides by means
of a crank B¹. Upon this bed B a second platen C is arranged in
suitable guides to move transversely across the platen B by means of a
crank C¹. Upon this platen C a supporting frame or clamp D is set in
which the wood to be wrought is firmly held, but for which other
devices may be substituted as herein-after described.
On a beam E arranged upon uprights E¹ a vertically moving slide F is
· arranged and so as to be adjusted freely up and down, and in this slide a
vertical mandrel F' is arranged in suitable bearings, to which a rapid
revolution is given by any suitable mechanism. The cutter head
having some peculiarities will be more fully herein-after described.
At a convenient point a blower F2 is arranged to force air through a
tube F³, which directs a current of air upon the work to blow the chips
away from the cutter.
I will now describe the holder and templet by means of which the
work is held, referring therefor to Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. To perform
the work of paneling a former or templet is employed and placed upon
the wood to be cut, the edge of the templet being formed to indicate
the path which shall be traversed by the cutter, that is, the templet
forms a guide against which the workman moves the cutter, and as the
variety of forms required is very great it becomes necessary that a single
templet shall be adjustable to various forms to avoid an accumulation of
forms and expense of manufacture. The clamping device is shown
enlarged in Fig. 3. Vertical screws turned by means of cranks G are
set in the device, and on these a bar or plate G' is arranged to be moved
up and down, and so as to clamp the wood g to be wrought, and the

page_text: templet or former H firmly together. This holds the work and templet
firmly upon the bed. The templet, as seen in Fig. 2, is formed from
four sides, together making a frame opposite sides, either two or the four
formed to be adjustable in length in the following manner :-A bar L
forms the base, and this is grooved longitudinally, as seen in Figs. 5 and 6,
up to a central abutment L'. Each side of this abutment a sliding
bar L' is placed with a slot through which a bolt n passes into the base
by which the bars are clamped together, therefore when a longer bar is
required loose the bolts and draw the bars L' out to the desired length.
•
For convenience of adjustment the base Lis graduated as seen in
Fig. 4. At the end these bars are provided with an adjustable con-
nection N, by which they are attached to the ends N' of the templet, and
that the sides may be brought nearer together or set at different points,
the ends N¹ are constructed with numerous perforations a into which
the connections N hook. These ends N¹ are made stationary on the
clamping device and form as it were the upper jaw for clamping, as seen
in Fig. 3. The inner edge of these bars or ends is made straight,
therefore to cut irregular forms detachable, blocks M are constructed
with connections M¹ by which they may be set into any of the'
perforations on the frame, the shape of the block being in accordance
with the shape to be produced. Other. blocks M² are fitted for the
angles, thus it will be seen that with the same frame or templet a great
variety of forms may be produced by simply introducing different blocks,
or the same blocks in different positions, and the same templet answers
for a great variety of sizes.
It frequently occurs that it is desireable to form mouldings or panels
upon a concave or convex surface. To this end I construct, the end
pieces so that they may be curved to the desired shape, preserving the
adjustment of the sides as before described, and in the use of this a
peculiar feeding device is essential, which I will describe in connection
with the templet, and which is shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11.
.
A is the bed of the machine corresponding to the bed C, through the
centre of which a groove a¹ extends, by means of which (or by othor
suitable device) the standards B³, B³, are fixed to the said bed, the said
standards supporting the guiding or feeding apparatus, which consists of
a central shaft C³ fixed in bearings D³, the said bearings being adjustable
vertically by screws d', d, above and below, the bearings working in

page_text: suitable guides to retain the said shaft in its central position, and resting
upon a spring C', as seen in Figs. 9 and 10. Upon the said shaft toothed
or roughened cylinders E³ are placed, by means of which the work is
mooved transversely over the shaft C³.
. Above the said shaft, and in the standards B³, are placed upon a fixed
centre cylinders F, F, these being centrally over the shaft C³, as seen
in Fig. 9, and upon either side of the said cylinder F I arrange other
cylinders G³, G³, see Figs. 2 and 3, the said cylinders G³, G³, being upon
adjustable centres, so as to be raised or lowered, as seen in Fig. 11.
The cylinders G³, G³, are made elastic by the introduction of an india-
rubber cylinder f into each, as seen in Fig. 3, the said india-rubber
cylinder yielding slightly to any pressure which may be brought to bear-
upon the said cylinders G³, G³. The shaft C³ is turned by a crank H³,
which is applied and used in place of the crank fo rgiving the trans-
verse motion.
The ends I' of the form are constructed as seen in Fig, 10, that is to
say, in several parts or pieces h, and these parts or pieces plated upon
one surface with suitable metal i, so as to secure the several parts
together. This construction allows of the said ends being bent or curved
to the desired shape.
The operation of this device is as follows:-Supposing, as in Figs. 9
and 10, L to represent the panel which is to be wrought upon its
convex surface, the ends I' are placed and secured upon the panel, as
in Figs. 7 and 8, conforming to the shape of the surface. Then the
sides P' are in like manner fixed to the surface in the proper position,
these sides being made adjustable, as shown in Fig. 8, and as herein-
before described, and the corners R' or other 'device for ornamentation
are introduced. Then the panel with the form is passed between the
centre cylinder F over the cylinders E³, they being first adjusted to the
proper-position apart. Then the cylinders G³ are pressed down on to the
surface, as seen in Fig. 9, and secured.
The three cylinders F, G³, and G³, at each end above, and the
cylinder E³ below, retain the panel in the form in the desired position,
the cutter working centrally over the shaft C³. By turning the shaft C³
the panel with the form is moved transversely, and a longitudinal move-
ment is given by moving the bed in the usual manner. Therefore by
the combined movement of the shaft C³ and the longitudinal movement

page_text: of the bed a universal movement is given to the panel, so as to present
the panel to the cutter whatever may be its shape. Any slight irregu-
larities upon the surfaces of the panel or form are compensated for by.
the springs C³, and also by the elasticity of the cylinders G³.
I have represented the panel as being wrought upon its convex.
surface, but it will be readily seen that to work the panel upon the.
concave surface it is only necessary to place the form upon that surface,
and adjust the cylinders accordingly. Therefore by this device
irregular surfaces may be wrought with equal facility as plain
surfaces.
The construction of the cutter head is shown in Figs. 12 and 13, F¹
representing the mandrel. This is bored out at its lower end, so as to.
receive the tool F³, as seen in Fig. 13. To the slide in which the mandrel
is arranged a sleeve H³ is secured, within which the end of the mandrel
revolves freely, the tool extending down through the lower end of the
sleeve. Around the lower end of this sleeve a loose collar L is arranged
and secured thereon by a spring ring a³, or other device, so as to hold it
and allow the collar to revolve. The cutter is run down to the work
until the collar comes in line with the templet, and the tool is guided by
the workman so that the tool follows the edge of the templet, and thus
defines the lines to be cut.
As different sized cutting tools are required, when a smaller tool is
used I introduce a bushing into the mandrel, as seen in Fig. 12, and
insert the cutter into that bushing. In such case a smaller collar is
necessary, and to furnish this I fit a sleeve H into the lower end of the
sleeve H³, and on this arrange the collar L, substantially the same as-
the collar L.
As the collar defines the path of the cutter relatively to the templet,
I employ several collars of different diameters, in order to throw the
cutter at the required distance from the templet, that is, to throw the
cutter half an inch further from the templet a collar of one inch larger
diameter would be applied; therefore by using a variety of collars with.
the same templet a variety of mouldings will be produced.
In some classes of work it is desireable to mould the edge of a piece of
wood. To do this I arrange a table, as seen in Fig. 14, upon the platen
of the machine," in which is a centre stud d³, and this is arranged exactly
in line with the cutter. The table is for convenience graduated upon;

page_text: its edge, and a guiding bar Bª arranged over the top secured by hook
bolts B7, so that the bar may be secured in any position on the bed
desired.
The work to be cut is secured upon a pattern, and the pattern moved
along against the stud, carrying with it the wood to be cut; the cutter 5
revolving directly over the said stud cuts the wood.away according to
the form of the pattern.
The stud is provided with sets of collars, as denoted in broken lines in
the Drawings, so that the same pattern may be run at different distances
from the cutter, or if to mould the edge in a straight line the bar B° 1
serves as a guide for this purpose, and is otherwise useful for guiding
the work upon the table, and is readily adjusted by means of the gra-
duations upon the table.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent,
filed by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent 1
Office on the 20th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents,
123, Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Hera
Letters Patent bearing date the Twentieth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her
special licence that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Thomas- Hughes, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of a
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PANELING AND MOULDING MACHINE,” a com-
munication to me from abroad by Lewis McDonald Hills, of the City
and County of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut, United States

page_text: At a convenient point a blower F is arranged to force air through a
tube F³, which directs a current of air upon the work to blow the chips
away from the cutter.
I will now describe the holder and templet, by means of which the
work is held, referring therefor to Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. To perform
the work of paneling a former or templet is employed and placed upon
the wood to be cut, the edge of the templet being formed to indicate the
path which shall be traversed by the cutter, that is, the templet forms a
guide, against which the workman moves the cutter, and as the variety.
of forms required is very great it becomes necessary that a single templet 1
shall be adjustable to various forms to avoid an accumulation of forms
and expense of manufacture. The clamping devise is shewn enlarged
in Fig. 3. Vertical screws turned by means of crank G are set in the
device, and on these a bar or plate G¹ is arranged to be moved up and
down, and so as to clamp the wood g to be wrought and the templet or 1
former H firmly together. This holds the work and templet firmly upon
the bed. The templet, as seen in Fig. 2, is formed from four sides,
together making a frame opposite sides, either two or the four formed to
be adjustable in length in the following manner :-A bar L forms the
base, and this is grooved longitudinally, as seen in Figs. 5 and 6, up to a
central abutment L'. Each side of this abutment a sliding bar L² is
placed, with a slot l, through which a bolt n passes into the base, by
which the bars are clamped together, therefore when a longer bar is
required loose the bolts and draw the bars L³ out to the desired
length.
For convenience of adjustment the base L is graduated, as seen
in Fig. 4. At the end these bars are provided with an adjustable con-
nection N, by which they are attached to the ends N¹ of the templet,
and that the sides may be brought nearer together or set at different
points the ends N' are constructed with numerous perforations a, into
which the connections. N. hook... These ends N₁ are made stationary on
the clamping device, and form as it were the upper jaw for clamping, as
seen in Fig. 3. The inner edge of these bars or ends is made straight,
therefore, to cut irregular forms detachable blocks M are constructed
with connections M³, by which they may be set into any of the per-
forations on the frame, the shape of the block being in accordance with
the shape to be produced. Other blocks M³ are fitted for the angles,
thus it will be seen that with the same frame or templet a great variety

page_text: of forms may be produced, by simply introducing different blocks or the
same blocks in different positions, and the same templet answers for a
great variety of sizes.
It frequently occurs that it is desirable to form mouldings or panels
upon a concave or convex surface. To this end I construct the end
pieces so that they may be curved to the desired shape, preserving the
adjustment of the sides, as before described, and in the use of this a
peculiar feeding device is essential, which I will describe in connection
with the templet, and which is shewn in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11.
A³ is the bed of the machine corresponding to the bed C, through the
centre of which a groove a¹ extends, by means of which (or by other
suitable device) the standards B³, B³, are fixed to the said bed, the
said standards supporting the guiding or feeding apparatus which
consists of a central shaft C³ fixed in bearings D³, the said bearings being
adjustable vertically by screws d', d, above and below, the bearings
working in suitable guides to retain the said shaft in its central position,
and resting upon a spring C, as seen in Figures 9 and 10. Upon the said
shaft toothed or roughened cylinder Es are placed, by means of which
the work is moved transversely over the shaft C³.
Above the said shaft and in the standards B are placed upon a fixed
centre cylinders F', F', these being centrally over the shaft C³, as seen
in Figure 9, and upon either side of the said cylinder F* I arrango other
cylinders G³, G³, (see Figures 2 and 3) the said cylinders G³, G³, being
upon adjustable centres so as to be raised or lowered, as seen in Figure 11.
The cylinders G³, G³, are made clastic by the introduction of an india-
rubber cylinder ƒ into each, as seen in Figure 3, the said india-rubber
cylinder yielding slightly to any pressure which may be brought to bear
upon the said cylinders G³, G³. The shaft C³ is turned by a crank H³
•which is applied and used in place of the crank for giving the transverso
motion.
The ends I* of the form are constructed as seen in Figure 10, that is to
say, in several parts or pieces h, and these parts or pieces plated upon
one surface with suitable metal i so as to secure the several parts
together. This construction allows of the said ends being bent or
curved to the desired shape.
The operation of this device is as follows:-Supposing as in Figures 9
.

page_text: convex surface. The ends I' are placed and secured upon the panel, as.
seen in Figures 7 and 8, conforming to the shape of the surface; then the
sides P are in like manner fixed to the surface in the proper position,
these sides being made adjustable, as shewn in Figure 8, and as herein-
before described, and the corners R' or other device for ornamentation
are introduced. Then the panel with the form is passed between the
centre cylinder F over the cylinders E³, they being first adjusted to the
proper position apart. Then the cylinders G³ arc pressed down on to
the surface, as seen in Figure 9, and secured.
The three cylinders F', G³, and G³, at each end above, and the 1
cylinder E³.below, retain the panel in the form in the desired position,
the cutter working centrally over the shaft C³. By turning the shaft C³
the panel with the form is moved transversely, and a longitudinal move-
ment is given by moving the bed in the usual manner; therefore by the
combined movement of the shaft C³ and the longitudinal movement of 1
the bed a universal movement is given to the panel so as to present the
panel to the cutter whatever may be its shape. Any slight irregularitics
upon the surfaces of the panel or form are compensated for by the
springs C, and also by the elasticity of the cylinders G³.
=
I have represented the panel as being wrought upon its convex
surface, but it will be readily seen that to work the panel upon the
concave surface it is only necessary to place the form upon that surface,
and adjust the cylinders accordingly; therefore by this device irregular
surfaces may be wrought with equal facility as plain surface.
The construction of the cutter head is shewn in Figures 12 and 13, 2
F' representing the mandril; this is bored out at its lower end so as to
receive the tool F³, as seen in Figure 13. To the slide in which the
mandril is arranged a sleeve H' is secured, within which the end of the
mandril revolves freely, the tool extending down through the lower end
of the sleeve. Around the lower end of this sleeve a loose collar L is a
arranged and secured thereon by a spring ring a³ or other device so as
to hold it and allow the collar to revolve. The cutter is run down
to the work until the collar comes in line with the templet, and the tool
is guided by the workman so that the tool follows the edge of the
templet and thus defines the lines to be cut.
As different sized cutting tools are required when a smaller tool is
used. I introduce a bushing into the mandril, as seen in Figure 12, and

page_text: insert the cutter into that bushing; in such case a smaller collar is
necessary, and to furnish this I fit a sleeve H into the lower end of the
sleeve Hs, and on this arrange the collar L' substantially the same as
the collar L³.
As the collar defies the path of the cutter relatively to the templet,
I employ several collars of different diameters in order to throw the
cutter at the required distance from the templet, that is, to throw the
cutter half an inch further from the templet a collar of one inch larger
diameter would be applied; therefore by using a variety of collars with
the same templet a variety of mouldings will be produced.
In some classes of work it is desirable to mould the edge of a piece of
wood; to do this I arrange a table, as seen in Figure 14, upon the platen
of the machine in which is a centre stud do, and this is arranged exactly
in line with the cutter. The table is for convenience graduated upon its
edge, and a guiding bar B arranged over the top secured by hook-bolts
B', so that the bar may be secured in any position on the bed desired.
The work to be cut is secured upon a pattern, and the pattern moved
along against the stud, carrying with it the wood to be cut, the cutter
revolving directly over the said stud cuts the wood away according to
the form of the pattern.
२
The stud is provided with sets of collars, as denoted in broken lines in
the Drawings, so that the same pattern may be run at different distances
from the cutter; or if to mould the edge in a straight line the bar B
serves as a guide for this purpose, and is otherwise useful for guiding
the work upon the table, and is readily adjusted by means of the
graduations upon the table.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the said Inven-
tion as communicated to me from abroad, I claim,--
First. In combination with a revolving cutter and a holding device
having both a longitudinal and transverse movement, I claim a templet
as a guide for the path of said cutter when the said templet is made
adjustable as to length, substantially as described.
Second. In combination with the adjustable templet, as described,
and revolving cutter, I claim the collar guides L or Le, substantially as
and for the
.

page_text: Thirdly. A templet as a guide for paneling machines, the sides of
which are formed in several parts secured together by a covering plate,
and the other two sides adjustable as to length, substantially as
set forth.
•
Fourthly. The shaf C³ provided with cylinders E³, and combined
with cylinders F' and G³, G³, and a curved irregular templet, constructed
as described.
Fifthly. In combination with a revolving cutter I claim the table
Figure 14 provided with the stud or guide do in axial line with the said
cutters.
Sixthly. In combination with a revolving cutter, I claim the table
Figure 14 provided with a stud or guide & in axial line with the said
cutters, and with a series of collar guides upon the said stud or guide,
substantially as set forth.
And, Seventhly. In combination with a revolving cutter, I claim the
table Figure 14 provided with a stud or guide de in axial line with the
said cutters, and with the adjustable bar B, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy. |
four.