IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS AND FOR CONTROLLING AND REGULATING TEMPERATURE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Stephenson, of Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, Doctor of Medicine, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS AND FOR CONTROLLING AND REGULATING
TEMPERATURE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Stephenson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY STEPHENSON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Doctor
of Medicine. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS AND FOR CONTROLLING
AND REGULATING TEMPERATURE.”
This Invention relates to apparatus for heating greenhouses, rooms, or other
enclosed spaces wherein a uniform temperature is desirable, and the Invention
consists,
Firstly. Of an improved construction of water or air heating tubes and flues,
and which in addition to their special adaptability to and in connection with this
my Invention are applicable to other water heating apparatus.
Secondly. To improved apparatus for self actingly controlling and regulating the
temperature or degree of heat within the greenhouses, rooms, or enclosures in
connection with which the apparatus is employed.
Water heating pipes constructed according to this my Invention in lieu of being
circular consist of a hollow semicircular or U formed casing, the interior forming
the water space, securing large heating and radiating surface where the pipes as
aforesaid are to be heated by combustion of coal gas, volatile hydro carbons, or
other like oils, the under surface of the pipes (or some of them) are provided with
longitudinal casing forming heating flues.
The apparatus for controlling and automatically regulating the temperature con-
sists of (in combination with the necessary supply pipes for the gas and burners), a
devise compressing an air tight cylinder connected by pipe with one leg of a syphon
containing mercury, a gas supply pipe is connected with the other leg of the said
syphon, so that as the heat increases the air within the air cylinder expands
[Prins JI

page_text: and forces down the mercury in one leg and raises it in the other, whereon and
whereby the orifice of the gas supply. pipe is closed or partially so, decreasing the
supply of gas, and the temperature is lowered. An independent supply pipe
provides gas for a "pilot" or constantly burning small jet, so that if from any
cause the main supply is extinguished it will be fired by the pilot light and all 5
waste avoided.
Where the improved construction of water heating pipes are employed in
connection with a boiler, the under casing or flues will not of course be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Henry Stephenson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd February 1882.
WILLIAM HENRY STEPHENSON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Doctor of Medicine. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS AND
CONTROLLING AND REGULATING TEMPERATURE.”
FOR
This Invention relates to apparatus for heating greenhouses, rooms, or other
'enclosed spaces wherein a uniform temperature is desirable, and the Invention
consists,
Firstly. Of an improved construction of water or air heating tubes and flues,
and which in addition to their special adaptability to and in connection with this
my Invention, are applicable to other heating apparatus; secondly, to improved
apparatus for self actingly controlling and regulating the temperature or degree of
heat within the greenhouses, rooms, or enclosures in connection with which the
apparatus is employed.
Water heating pipes constructed according to this my Invention consist of
'circular or hollow semicircular or U formed casing, the interior forming the water
space, securing large heating and radiating surface. Where the pipes, as aforesaid,
are to be heated by combustion of coal, gas, volatile hydro-carbons, or other like
oils, the under surface of the pipes (or some of them) are provided with longitudinal
casing forming heating flues."
The apparatus for controlling and automatically regulating the temperature
consists of (in connection with the necessary supply pipes for the gas and burners)
a device comprising an air tight cylinder connected by pipe with one leg of a
syphon containing mercury, a gas supply pipe is connected with the other leg of
the said syphon, so that as the heat increases, the air within the air cylinder
expands and forces down the mercury in one leg and raises it in the other, whereon
and whereby the orifice of the gas supply pipe is closed, or partially so, decreasing
"the supply of gas, and the temperature, is lowered. An independent supply pipe
'provides gas for a "pilot" or constantly burning small jet, so that if from any
cause the main supply is extinguished it will be fired by the pilot light and all
waste avoided.

page_text: part in the several views or Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the
water heating pipes partly in section.
Fig. 3 and 4, sectional and side elevation wherein two pipes only are used, flow
and return pipes. Fig. 5 is view partly in section of apparatus for regulating and
controlling the temperature or degree of heat.
Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, are detail views of water or air heating pipes.
'
'
At 1 is the gas main; 2 is a T joint, the gas passing by way of the pipe or
tube 3, and, as indicated by arrows, to pipe 4; thence forward to pipe 5, and by
way of orifice 6 to the hollow standard 7, on which is wire gauze cover 8, where
the gas and air are fired, burning within the flue 9 placed under the water heating
pipe 10. At 11 is the outlet pipe for carrying off the surplus heat and gases
resulting from combustion of the gas at 8. 12 to 20 are water heating pipes con-
nected to each other at opposite ends by means of the pipes and union joints 21, so
securing complete circulation. It will be seen the pipes 10, 12, to 20 consist
of two concentric pipes, the inner pipe being secured in true relative position
to its outer tube by means of the spacing pieces 22 and by the rings 23, intro-
duced at each end of each pipe, leaving the water space between the two pipes
and free air passage through the interior pipes at 24, as shewn by arrows. At
25, 25, are the water supply and expansion cisterns. At 26 is the outlet for
drawing off water from the pipes. At 27 is the outlet for escape of condensed
vapour from lamp and flue 8 and 9. The tubes 28, 28, supply the lamp with
cold air drawn from exterior of greenhouse or building being heated or warmed,
and also prevent down draught. At 29 is the casing which encloses the
lamp 8. At Figs. 3 & 4 is shewn apparatus consisting of two pipes, or flow and
return pipes, and lamp enclosed within the casing. At 30 is shewn U shaped pipe
or tube and flue for heating water or air, this construction of tube being well
adapted for heating water by ordinary furnace (in such cases not having the under
flue), as it affords very large heating area or surface with little bulk of water, and
such pipes may be of cast or welded iron or of copper. The automatic regulating
and controlling the supply of gas and temperature within the greenhouse or building
is effected as follows:-So long as the temperature is below, say, 50 degrees, the
gas will pass through the pipe 3, as indicated by arrows and hereinbefore described;
when the temperature however exceeds 50 degrees, the air in the air cylinder 30°
by reason of the heat expands, and by means of the connecting pipe 31, connected
with the leg of the syphon 32, acts upon the column of mercury at 33, forcing down
the latter in the leg 32, and raising the mercury in leg 34 until the end of pipe 3
becomes immersed and stopped by the rising mercury, so shutting off the supply of
gas from the pipes 4, 5, 6, 7, and burner 8. The pipe 3 is capable of adjustment
(in relation to the column of mercury) within the sockets 35, 36, by means of
thumb screw or nut 37, so as to provide for shutting off the gas at any predeter-
mined degree of heat. 38 is a tube or pipe for maintaining a "pilot" or small jet
permantly burning, so that, soon as the temperature decreases and the mercury
within the leg 34 falls, the supply of gas is renewed by way of pipes 4, 5, 6, 7, to
burner 8; the gas will then be fired by the pilot light. At 39 is an ordinary tap
for supply of gas when desirable direct from main by way of T2 to the burner 8.
When the pressure of gas is so great as to cause the surface of the mercury to
"bubble," the float I may be used for closing the orifice of pipe 3.

page_text: Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of this my Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, I would have it understood that what I claim as my
Invention is,―
Firstly. The construction of pipes or tubes for heating water or air having the
flue connected therewith or forming part thereof, in manner and as herein
described.
Secondly. The construction of U formed water or air heating pipes, as illustrated
by Drawings at Fig. 10.
Thirdly. The construction and combination of pipes or tubes 12 to 20.connected
and having open ends affording free circulation of heat or air, as described and as
illustrated by the Drawings hereunto annexed.
'
Lastly. The combination of apparatus, illustrated at Fig. 5, in which the
expansion of air in the cylinder 30 is utilized to close by the mercury the orifice
of the gas supply pipe 3, as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Stephenson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this. Twenty first day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witness,
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Patent Agent,
WILLIAM HENRY STEPHENSON. (L.S.)
Halifax & Blackburn.