matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL LEGS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Masters at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1862.
I, MOSES MASTERS, of New Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Artificial
Hand and Leg Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL LEGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved hinge or joint for artificial legs.
It is made of metal or other suitable material, and instead of being solid, as
at present, it has a hole or perforation in the centre or at the part corre-
sponding with the condyle or bone at the inside of the knee. Each joint is
made of large diameter, for the purpose of obtaining strength and steadiness,
and the two shoulders and internal part of the joint are kept together by
turning or hammering over the ends of a short tube into countersinks formed
at the edges of the holes in the shoulders. This improved hinge or joint is
applied to the knee and ankle of artificial legs, or to the knee or ankle
separately, and by its use great durability and lightness are obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RE-BURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lauchlan MacKirdy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1862.
I, LAUCHLAN MACKIRDY, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, Sugar
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RE-BURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-―
My Invention consists of a series of trays arranged spirally and vertically
over a fire-place or in a flue, the covers of the trays being perforated to allow
of the gases evolved in the burning passing readily off from the charcoal. The
trays communicate at top with a hopper, in which the charcoal to be re-burnt
is placed, and at bottom the trays open into a spout furnished with slides,
through which the re-burnt charcoal enters a closed receiver, in which the
charcoal is allowed to cool without contact with the atmosphere.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING HYPONITRIC ACID AND NITRIC ACID FROM NITRATE OF SODA
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig Mond at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1862.
I, LUDWIG MOND, of Hesse Cassel, Germany, at present residing at
No. 38, Sidney Street, Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
OBTAINING HYPONITRIC ACID AND NITRIC ACID FROM NITRATE OF SODA," to
be as follows:-
By my improved method I obtain nitric acid in the following manner :-
1. The nitrate of soda is to be mixed with a substance of basic or of
indifferent character, which is neither melted nor changed by heating it with
the nitrate of soda to redness. A great number of substances can be used for
this process, but for industrial purposes the following are the more preferable :
-The peroxide and the magnetic oxide of iron, the sesqui-proto-oxide of
manganese (Mn304) which is always obtained by heating any other oxide
of manganese to redness, the oxide of copper, the sesqui-proto-oxide of cobalt,
and the proto-oxide of nickel.
2. This mixture of the nitrate of soda with one of the above-named sub-
stances is then to be heated in common retorts to redness. By this process
I obtain a gaseous mixture composed of hyponitric acid, oxygen, and nitrogen,
which can be used immediately for the manufacture of sulphuric acid.

page_text: 3. To obtain nitric acid from this mixture of gases, it must be conducted
over cold water contained in suitable vessels.
4. The residue remaining in the retorts may be advantageously employed
for the manufacture of caustic soda.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING OR CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ellicott Holmes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
May 1862. A communication from abroad by George Ramsey, of New
York City, United States of America.
I, JOSEPH ELLICOTT HOLMES, of New York City, United States of America,
but now residing at South Parade, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING OR CULTIVATING LAND," to be
as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in machinery for digging or cultivating
land consists in the employment of a rotary digging or cultivating instrument
of a peculiar construction, and which it is proposed by preference to drive by
the power of an engine placed on the same framing as the digging instrument,
but the latter may also be driven by any other motive agent, whether animal
or mechanical.
The rotary digging or cultivating instrument consists of a strong horizontal
shaft provided with a series of screw blades of from 10 to 12 inches in depth,
and which are wound at a suitable angle helically round the shaft. This
shaft is mounted in bearings at the end of a pair of rocking levers, which
have their fulcra on the axletree of the running wheels, and rotary motion is
communicated to it by means of a pulley or chain wheel on one end of
the axle. The other ends of the rocking levers are connected to a bar or

page_text: block, through which passes a vertical screw shaft, by turning which one end
of the levers is raised or depressed, and the opposite ends which carry the shaft
of the digging implement are depressed or elevated when desired. The outer
ends of the rocking levers are also provided with quadrant arms, in which are
made holes to receive pins, whereby the rocking arms and digging instruments
may be kept at any point of depression or elevation required. In front of the
rotary digging instrument are placed a series of coulters, which may be raised
and depressed with the rotary digging instrument. On the axle of the
travelling wheels of the machine, or on the wheels themselves are fixed two
spur or chain wheels, round which, and also round the pulley on the axle of
the digging instrument are passed chains for driving the same. The steam
engine or other motive agent actuates a crank shaft which is mounted in
bearings on the framework, and carries a toothed pinion which gears into and
drives a large toothed wheel attached to the travelling wheels of the machine.
It should be observed that the chain pulley on the axle of the rotary digging
instrument, and the large chain wheel are of such relative size and proportion
that the surface speed of the digging instrument is greater than that of the
travelling wheels, and consequently a digging or disintegration of the surface
soil must inevitably take place as the machine passes over the land.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONS STRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th January 1862.-A communication from Claude Crozet, residing
at No. 1, Rue de Lyon, Saint Etienne, (Loire,) in France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONS
STRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved distribution
and arrangement of the mechanism of power and hand looms, by means of
which superposed pieces of the tissue may be produced in such a position as
to be constantly under the eye of the weaver, who is thus enabled to examine
and control the progress of the work.
Figures 1, 2, of the accompanying Drawing represent in front and side view
the principal parts of a loom comprising these improvements. A is the
batten; B, heddles with their harness; C, spaces occupied by the reeds; D
space reserved between the top and bottom of each part of the batten; E, E,
spaces of the boxes in which are adjusted the conducting cords of the shuttles;
F, F, are arms or shafts attached to the batten. and fitted with wheels; G is.

page_text: the head of the loom, right side; H, pullies working with the wheels F; I, I, I,
curved rails, supported at the required angle by the regulating catches
J, J, J; K, K, piece rollers; L, standard set at each side of the loom. The
minor details of construction and arrangement vary according to the intended
application of the loom, and the power by which it is worked.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ENGINE FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Baldwin Fulford Weatherdon and
Edward Henry Cradock Monckton at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th September 1862.
We, BALDWIN FULFORD WEATHERDON, of Kingston-upon-Thames, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, and EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON,
of Fineshade Abbey, in the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ENGINE FOR OBTAINING
AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our Invention has reference to a new or improved construction of engine,
to be worked by volatile chemical agents or similar fluids capable of being
readily converted into vapour, and condensed by ordinary means, at tempera-
tures below the boiling point of water, by which great economy in the power,
as also in the construction and wear and tear of the engine is obtained, and
consists in the cylinders and working parts of the engine being wholly enclosed
and caused to work within the boiler or generator, in such manner as to com-
municato direct rotatory motion thereto through the medium of a fixed shaft
or axis, whereby all danger from leakage, loss of power, or otherwise, is
obviated, and a more simple and compact form and construction of engine
obtained than at present, toothed rack and segment wheels in some cases
being employed in preference to the crank, together with steam or hot water
jackets surrounding the boiler, either separately fixed or made to revolve in
connection therewith, as also with condensers in like manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Cross and Edward
Padmore, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th January 1862.
We, CHRISTOPHER CROSS, of Stretford, near Manchester, and EDWARD
PADMORE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
First, we arrange the picks so as to form both the foundation and pile of the
fabric, as shewn in the accompanying Diagrams.
Secondly, we introduce various materials of various colors into the afore-
said pile fabrics.
Thirdly, we cut the pile of any weft pile fabric, as the fabric is woven, by
introducing into each race a strip of metal or other suitable material having
a sharp cutting edge, so that as the fabric advances to the breast beam, each
race may be cut and thereby form the pile, or we place on the breast beam
as many guides as there are races in the material, and employ a similar number
of circular cutters, extending transversely across the loom. The said cutters
are put in motion from any revolving shaft, and as they turn in contact with the
fabric as it advances to the breast beam, the races are cut and the pile formed.
The cutters are sharpened as they revolve by passing them through a reed
having emery or other sharpening matter in contact. This system is also
applicable to chenille, or other double faced goods.
AN IMPROVED FORGE AND BELLOWS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rowe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1862.
I, WILLIAM ROWE, of East India Road, Poplar, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FORGE
AND BELLOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to the bed plate of a forge of a
supplemental or under plate, leaving a space between the two for the circula-
tion of the air in order to keep the under plate cool and to prevent the top
of the bellows from becoming burnt or injured by the heat of the forge fire
above it. Also in the application of a supplementary or top plate to the
bellows, leaving a space for the circulation of air, so that the plate when raised
to its uppermost position shall protect the upper plate of the bellows from
injury by the heat of the forge. I do not limit myself to the application of
one plate in either instance, as I propose to attach two or more plates if
necessary, having spaces between each to allow the air to circulate.
I propose to place in the interior of the bellows a series of vulcanized india-
rubber stays or springs, which act upon the upper or lower surfaces of the
bellows to which they are attached and tend to close the same together after
they are opened by the usual mechanical means. The number of these
In
springs may be varied, four are sufficient, but I prefer to use six or more.
order to cause the plates or surfaces of the bellows to move parallel with each

page_text: other I arrange two diverging connecting rods from the lever or handle,
which rods are attached to two bars which extend across the lower part of the
bellows, and which being situated some distance on each side of the diameter
of the bellows plates tend to retain the same in a horizontal and steady position.
I also propose to bring the blast pipe into the back part of the forge, and
cause it to enter and be bedded in a thick cast iron block or tube iron, having
a flange to bolt it to the back of the forge. The object of this is to protect
the air pipe from becoming burnt and destroyed by the fire. The heavy mass
of metal surrounding the pipe will last for several years, and can always be
renewed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Hale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1862.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK HALE, of the City of Bristol, Brass Founder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a flat plug, corrugated or formed with annular
grooves, and of a flat surface or seat surrounding the aperture to be opened
or closed. The plug is forced down upon the seat to close the aperture, and
is raised therefrom to open it by screw or lever. Instead of the face of the
plug being grooved, I sometimes make it with an even surface, and groove
or corrugate the seat.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATCH KEYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1862.
I, EPHRAIM SMITH, of Carlisle Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN WATCH KEYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing watch keys which act in a similar
manner to those known as "Breguet's," but which are applicable to winding
watches, whether the winding is effected by turning the key from right to left,
or vice versa. In the Breguet keys a key winding by turning from right to
left will not effect the winding of a watch where the key has to be turned
from left to right.
My improved key consists of a spindle united to a ball or other piece free
to be turned in a rotary direction upon a pin carried at the upper part of a
guard or cage, which cage is large enough to allow of the ball revolving
within it, and which is connected at bottom to a collar, within which the upper
part of the spindle is free to revolve.
A NEW. MODE OF TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SEPARATE BUILDINGS OR PARTS: OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gurrin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1862.
I, JAMES GURRIN,. of Stroud, Gloucestershire, Woollen Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW. MODE OF TELEGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SEPARATE BUILDINGS OR PARTS: OF BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to afford a means of communication between
one building and another, or different parts of the same building, or between
one place and another, by a telegraph to be worked without the aid of; elec-
tricity. For this purpose I make the indicator or case A-containing brass or
steel pillar B, with plate screwed on the groundwork of indicator. To the first
shoulder of pillar a is fixed a bell C; on groundwork of indicator is a double-
spring D and hammer, striking the bell to call attention. On second shoulder
of pillar 6 is attached a steel spring E, connected with a revolving grooved
wheel F. The third shoulder of pillar c carries a chain or gut by pulley
wheels. On the fourth or top shoulder of pillar is a round dial G, fitting on
front of indicator; on the said dial is the whole of the alphabet, the letters being.
placed at equal distances. The top part of grooved wheel comes through face
of dial, to which is attached a steel or gold hand, working from centre of indi-
cator by means of chain, wire,. or gut working from the centre of dial, moving
to each letter as required, and connected with communicator H. The commu-

page_text: nicator is of an oblong shape containing hollow tube, a portion of the tube I
silvered and painted with.letters, corresponding with face of indicator. A steel
or gold hand attached to a square brass or steel rod K, sliding up and down
the tubing I, moves to any letter required, and is connected by means of chain,
gut, or wire with grooved wheel on third shoulder of pillar, forming the same
word or sentence on face of indicator as shown on tube of communicator.
THE PRODUCTION OF COLOURING MATTERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Virgo Wilson and Fre-
derick Alfred Manning at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th December 1862.
We, WILLIAM VIRGO WILSON, of Jubilee Street, Mile End, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturing Chemist, and FREDERICK ALFRED MANNING, of
Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Analytical Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PRODUCTION OF COLOURING
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
We mix aniline or its homologues with anhydrous terchloride of arsenic in
equivalent proportions, and apply heat, passing a stream of dry chlorine gas
through the mixture; it becomes converted into rich colouring matter, which
may be extracted by methods now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1862. A communication from abroad by Auguste Bernard Albaret, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanician.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES," a communication from abroad by
Auguste Bernard Albaret, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanician,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in what are known as com-
bined thrashing machines, and consists essentially, firstly, in the employment
of two separate and distinct beaters or drums placed side by side parallel to
each other, and each supplied from a separate feeding board or table of its
own. The extra table for the second drum or set of beaters is made to fold
down when the machine is being transported against the end thereof, and held
in that position by suitable hooks or catches, so as to occupy less space.
Secondly, in the use of an elevator for raising the winnowed grain up to the
level of the sack's mouth, thus obviating the necessity of having a high
machine.
Thirdly, in applying a series of hooks or serrated plates to the surface of the
shaker, for the purpose of preventing the straw from returning and ehoking
the beaters.*
AN IMPROVED SAFETY ENVELOPE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Rahles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1862.
I, FERDINAND RAHLES, of Albert Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SAFETY ENVELOPE," to be as follows:-
My envelope is constructed with the view that letters or missives enclosed
therein may be protected against being abstracted therefrom unless either the
envelope be wholly destroyed, or so much injured as to render detection of
the attempted violation thereof perfectly certain.
This envelope I can make so as to resemble, as to the appearance of the
back thereof, the ordinary envelope, though I do not open the envelope by
moving a flap or flaps at the back as usual. The flaps at the back having a
part of the envelope as large as the front of the envelope underneath them, so
that when these flaps are removed the inside of the envelope has still to be
got at by opening this under part; and I have a flap at one of the ends of
the envelope in front thereof, (by preference the right-hand end,) which flap I
prefer to make as perforated network, lacework, or openwork, or notched
out at the edge; and I apply to said flap the gum or adhesive compound for
fastening the envelope, and to the edge of the other part of the envelope to
which the said flap is to be fastended I can apply (if necessary) a colored
composition, or a stripe of any kind, which shall (if desired) upon the flap
having been once fastened thereto and afterwards removed shew by dis-

page_text: coloration or otherwise that violation has taken place. Around two of the
edges and the end opposite the opening flap I have a small cord, the two
ends of which are left slightly protruding close to the opening flap, by pulling
at which cords the envelope will be cut open, when it has to be opened by the
recipient thereof in the proper way. The opening flap being to the right hand
of the front of the envelope the postage stamp will be placed on it, and help
to better secure same, and the post mark will be an additional security.
The letter or missive, if of the size of the envelope, may be secured to the
flap by the act of fastening, and will remain adhering to it, and may be be
preserved together with it, for evidence, if thought proper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Amos at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1862.
I, MARK AMOS, of Westbury-on-Trym, in the County of Gloucester, do
hereby declare the nature of the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HARROWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in harrows. For these
purposes I form. or cast numerous short bosses, each having a square hole
horizontally through it; on one surface of each boss a tooth is formed, and on
the opposite side of the boss another tooth is formed. These teeth I make of
different dimensions in order that a harrow composed as hereafter explained
of these bosses may on one side have one class of teeth, and on the other side
have another class of teeth, and thus be suitable at different times to perform
different classes of work. On to a square bar I place four or it may be any
other number of these bosses, and on the two ends of the bar I form suitable
hooks, eyes, or instruments for connecting the bars together end to end.
I connect any desired number of these bars together end to end according to
the width of harrow I propose to construct. In order to connect together
several of the rows of teeth thus produced, I use chains which have square
links at intervals in their length, according to the distance apart I wish to
have the several parallel rows of teeth, and before coupling the square bars
end to end, I pass such of the ends of these bars as may be required through
the square links of the connecting chains. By these means parallel rows of

page_text: teeth will be produced, running in a direction from side to side of the harrow,
and they will be connected by parallel chains running in a direction from front
to back of the harrow. In placing the bosses of the teeth on the square bars
and in connecting the ends of the square bars to each other, I so arrange that
the teeth of one row shall not, when passing over the land, come in the same
line with the teeth of the other rows, but so that the teeth of a harrow may
each form a distinct line on the land from all the other teeth.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mapple and Daniel
Mapple at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th July 1862.
We, JAMES MAPPLE, of No. 2, Newman's Place, Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex, and DANIEL MAPPLE, of 3, Queen's Road, Homerton
New Town, in the County of Middlesex, aforesaid, Telegraph and Clock
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The apparatus herein-after described is for tracing telegrams in ink on a
strip of paper.
This Invention consists of a flat endless chain, known as clock or watch
chain, rotated by a train of clockwork; and the said flat chain is made to rub
against an inking roller supplied with common printing ink, and the strip of
paper is made to press against the inked surface of the chain by the attractive
force of an electro-magnet, and by these means the telegrams are traced in
ink in lieu of indentations produced by the common Morse instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CULTIVATING, PLOUGHING, HARROWING, OR SCARIFYING THE LAND
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Weaver and
Charles Gall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th February 1862.
We, WILLIAM HENRY WEAVER, of Erdington, Bridgnorth, in the County
of Salop, Agricultural Engineer, and CHARLES GALL, of Bridgnorth, in the
said County, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CULTIVATING, PLOUGHING, HARROWING,
OR SCARIFYING THE LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing machinery, consisting of a suitable
frame and appliances, having two or more rows or sets of tines (but ploughs,
scarifiers, or other implements may be added or substituted) with these rows
or sets secured upon one and the same axis, the ends of which axis are pro-
vided with pulleys (quadrant-shaped with a stop at its back preferred) over,
and secured to each of which is a chain or rope which passes to the draught
bars of the machine, so that any one row or set of tines or implements is
put in action (upon the draught being put on to this bar), and that one row
or or set of tines or implements will thereby be withdrawn from the land, and
another put to work, the row or set of tines or implements in work being
held in position by the draught of the machine, inasmuch as there is a
similar chain arrangement and connecting bar or other arrangement attached
to another similar axis to that first mentioned. The wheels, upon which
this machine is mounted, are attached to the same by adjusting arrange-

page_text: ments (screw power being preferred) by which the machine may be brought
nearer the land, or raised further; above it, as the work may seem to
require. Also the wheels are so arranged that by a system of levers and
screws some of the said wheels may be turned at an angle, so as to steer
the machine; and this machine can also be adjusted to carry and work
harrows and other agricultural implements. By these arrangements, when
the machine has arrived at the end of the furrow the tines can be reversed
by simply taking the power off the draught hook at the one end, and putting
it on that at the other. The machine may be steered into proper position by
the arrangements aforesaid, and, if need be, the tines brought deeper into
the furrows by the adjusting arrangements described.
IMPROVED COATING OR COVERING FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER SURFACES TO PREVENT THE RADIATION OF HEAT
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thorp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1862.
I, ROBERT THORP, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engine Tenter,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED COATING OR
COVERING FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER SURFACES TO PREVENT THE RADIATION OF
HEAT," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention for the covering of steam boilers and other like surfaces to
prevent the radiation of heat consists in enclosing the external portion of the
boiler or other surface with a covering of sheet iron or other suitable metal,
so as to form a cavity between the outer surface of the boiler or other surface
and the inner surface of the sheet metal, and filling the cavity with dry sand
(by preference, sea sand), and in covering the outer surface of the metallic
casing with a skin or coating of plaster of Paris or other like suitable non-
conducting material, and which it is preferred to case in or cover with wood
lagging.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dickson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1862.
I, JAMES DICKSON, of 66, Tollington Road, Holloway, Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:—
Aqueous solution of chloride of sodium, common salt, sea water, hydrochloric
acid, the chlorides of iron, and other suitable chlorides are heated and subjected
in a decomposition cell to the influence of a current of voltaic electricity,
whereby they are resolved into chlorine at the carbon or other anode employed,
while their other elements are transferred to the carbon or other cathode
employed in the said decomposition cell. To separate the products of the said
voltaic decomposition, I employ a porous medium or mediums, altho' in some
instances I can dispense with porous mediums. In effecting the said voltaic
decomposition of the materials alluded to I add to the negative compartment
of the said decomposition cell any suitable acid, oxide, salt, or substance which
will assist the evolution of the chlorine at the anode employed; some of the
said substances which I add to the said negative compartment are either
nitric, nitrous, sulphurous, or sulphuric acids, or oil of vitriol, the chloride or
sesqui-chloride of iron, sulphate or chloride of copper, peroxide of iron or of
copper. Or I obtain oxygen either by the voltaic decomposition of acids, and
salts which do not contain hydrochloric acid, or by the decomposition of

page_text: alkalies in the said decomposition cell. Or I obtain the said oxygen as a
'product of certain battery arrangements, already patented by me on or about
the 10th day of February last, and numbered 340; in either case I pass the
said oxygen as gas into or through certain heated or ignited chlorides. I also
obtain chlorine from fused common salt, and from other suitable chlorides or
fused compounds of chlorine, by immersing therein appropriate anodes and
cathodes, which are then connected with the terminal poles of a voltaic
'battery.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Doctor William Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1862.
I, DOCTOR WILLIAM SMITH, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster,
Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that portion of the loom known as the "yarn beam,"
and consists in the novel application thereto of a "break" in the form of a
circular hinged band, having a projecting piece attached. The hinged circular
band may be made of metal or other convenient material, and encircles the
neck of the yarn beam, the friction thereupon being obtained and regulated
by a screw passing through the ends of the band, and thus the revolution
of the yarn beam is governed in a more simple manner than by means of
the ropes and weight as hitherto. The projecting or tail piece of the break
bears against a stud or spring to prevent the break turning with the beam.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gonnon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1862.
I, HENRY GONNON, of Saint Nazaire, in the Department of the Loire
Inférieure, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS," to be as follows:-
This machinery, which may be worked by steam, horse, or other power, is
composed of a driving shaft with fly wheel; to this shaft is fitted two cams,
one of which serves to raise a lever, and causes a hammer to strike the clay
when it has fallen into the mould, and form it into a brick; the other cam
serves to produce a movement which lifts the brick out of the mould. To this
machine is adapted a kneader or crusher which prepares the clay; as the clay
leaves the kneader it is cut by a knife into a size suitable to the mould used,
after being struck with the hammer or mallet it is pushed by a spring on to
an apron, which passes it to a board in a complete state. The shaft which
carries the cams is set in motion by a wheel, and the entire machine is
supported on a wooden or iron framing. By adding to or abstracting from
the blades of the kneader or malaxer the bricks may be made of any thickness
without change of mould, and the moulds may be changed at will to suit the
dimension of brick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREPROOF IRON CHESTS AND STRONG BOXES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Alexandre Pulvé at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1862.
I, LOUIS ALEXANDRE PULVÉ, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, in the
City of Paris, in the Empire of France, Iron Chest Builder, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREPROOF IRON CHESTS
AND STRONG BOXES," to be as follows:-
My improved iron chest or safe will be composed of a double casing on all
sides. Each side of the first casing will be formed of two sheets of iron.
riveted with countersunk rivets on to an iron framing, the thickness of which
will be regulated by the space which it is desired to reserve between the two.
sheets of iron. The outer door which closes the safe will precisely resemblo
the sides, and will turn on a pivot top and bottom. To preserve the chest and
make it fireproof I propose to introduce between the two sheets of iron a fire-
proof body composed of very refractory silicious sand, and to strengthen it I
purpose placing fillets or bands of iron on all the outer angles of the chest.
The inner casing will be constructed in the same manner, and of similar
material as the outer, the space left between the two sheets of iron. being the
same, but in this case stuffed, full of raw wool, which will render the interior
still more inaccessible to heat. The distance between the door of the inner
and that of the outer chest will be about five times greater than that between
the other sides. The top of the outer chest will be surmounted by a sort of

page_text: attic of sheet iron, carrying a wooden cornice, and there will therefore exist
an inner vacuum or space. The base will be formed of wooden plinths fixed
on the iron uprights of the outer frame, and the result will be that the chest
will be supported not only by the plinth, but also by four feet. The interior
of the second or inner chest will be provided with an iron shelf supported on
iron blocks or brackets, and it may be lined with silk. I purpose applying
any sort of lock or fastening which I may find desirable.
I have submitted an iron chest constructed as above to the most violent
heat for a period of two hours, and have then withdrawn deeds and other
articles intact.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Francis Brunet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1862. A communication from abroad by Edme Paul Villain, of Paris,
Empire of France, Manufacturer.
I, JOHN FRANCIS BRUNET, of No. 21, King William Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Special Agent of the Imperial Commissioners of France
for "International Exhibition of 1862," do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH," a communication to me from abroad by
Edme Paul Villain, of Paris, Empire of France, Manufacturer, to be as
follows:-
Said improvements relate to the fixing or consolidating the twist of fringes
by means of caloric action, and to improved machinery for making the twist.
The machinery employed consists of a reciprocating sliding carriage working on a
bed and holding another sliding carriage in a manner similar to a compound slide
rest. The, upper or smaller carriage is furnished with bearings which receive
a hollow shaft or spindle, which is driven by means of a pulley and strap, and
contains a hook which is designed to take hold of the pick or end shot by the
shuttle and to operate the torsion or twist of the same. A piston is employed
for regulating the weft and a lever for beating up, acting like a lathe or batten.
The free ends of the fringes are fastened on a selvage or tape by a
stitch," for which work I find it convenient to employ a single thread sewing
machine. This is done to prevent the fringe from untwisting after the afore-
"chain-

page_text: said hook is withdrawn from the fringe. The fringe having been thus twisted
and the twist temporarily fixed or maintained by the chain stitches, is then
passed through a brass box heated by any caloric agent. And by this caloric
action the twist mechanically obtained is rendered permanent. The degree
of heat at which the curling process is carried on varies according to the
speed of delivery from one hundred and seventy to three hundred degrees, and
according to the degree of heat different means may be employed, such as
superheated steam and hot iron. The fringe after having undergone the
various operations described is delivered by means of a pair of rollers clothed
with cards and another pair of rollers that are smooth.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN, PLAITED, KNITTED, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Fowler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1862.
I, ROBERT FOWLER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN, PLAITED, KNITTED, AND OTHER FABRICS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a new and improved manufacture of woven, plaited,
knitted, or other fabrics, in imitation of various kinds of fabrics, heretofore
produced by weaving, or otherwise plaiting, knitting, or interlacing threads or
yarns of cotton, woollen, silk, and other fabrics.
And the Invention consists in weaving or otherwise plaiting, knitting, or
interlacing together threads made or composed of a natural gum such as gutta
percha or caoutchouc, or of a compound of such gum or gums, with other gums
or ingredients. The gum or compound may be used in the natural or purified
state, and it may be dyed, colored, or otherwise treated to increase its
ornamental effect. The fabric produced may consist entirely of one or more.
kinds of gum or compound, or gum threads may be combined in the same
fabric with threads of cotton, woollen, silk, or other fibres, or with hair, it must
however be understood that although the improved fabrics manufactureil

page_text: according to this Invention may possess a very slight elasticity, or be susceptiblo
of stretching slightly like ordinary fabrics of cotton, woollen, silk, and tho like..
still it is not intended to weave or produce them in the special mode, already
in use in producing clastic fabrics, properly so called, in which threads of
caoutchouc or rubber are combined with cotton or other fibrous threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR SUPPORTING TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cliff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April 1862.
I, JOHN CLIFF, of the Imperial Potteries, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR SUPPORTING TELEGRAPH WIRES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing what I term a compound insulator,
as hereafter described.
The compound insulator consists of two parts; the outer part is formed.
with a notch in the top for the reception of the telegraph wire; the other
part consists of a shaft, carrying near the bottom thereof a disc, the dia-
meter of which is nearly equal to that of the inside of the mouth of the
outer part; the bottom of the shaft has a hole formed in it for the reception
of the pin or stud, by which it is connected to a post or other support; the
head of the shaft is intended to be lodged in a recess formed in the inner and
lower part of the body of the outer part, in order that the two parts may be
united to form the compound insulator by means of a sulphur or other suitable
insulating cement. Care must be taken that the shaft and upper part shall in
no part be in contact, therefore the size of the recess must be large compared.
with the size of the head of the shaft. In order to prevent wet or moisture.
injuriously affecting the insulator, I apply a coating of shell lac into the upper.

page_text: angle or head inside the outer part. The recess into which the head of the
shaft is inserted is enlarged at the bottom, and for further security against
damp or wet affecting the insulator, the inner surface of this bottom part may
be coated with shell lac, or the space between it and the spindle may be filled
with that material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Arthur Samuel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1862.
I, DAVID ARTHUR SAMUEL, of Belvedere, in the County of Kent, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
STEERING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the mechanism used for
steering ships, whereby one man can steer a ship where two or more men
would be required for the same purpose by the ordinary apparatus.
I I propose to reverse the tiller of the rudder by making it point "aft" instead
of "fore," as is usual, the end of the tiller being provided with a vertical pin
and roller which acts in a groove cut in a double-action lever; this lever
works on a centre pivot, and is forked at its fore end, so as to receive a block
of metal to slide in slots, through which block a screw works, being set in
bearings on each side of the deck, thus when motion is imparted to the screw
by means of the steering wheel, the block and lever are brought from the centre
of the ship to the side required, and consequently the rudder is turned
accordingly by the other extremity of the lever, the greater power being gained
where most required, the difference in the leverage being greater as the rudder
is moved towards either side. The steering wheel may either be attached o

page_text: the end of the screw at, the side of the ship, or may be placed in the centre
of the deck, bevelled wheels being employed to actuate the screw.
In some cases I propose to dispense with the double-action lever, and pass
the screw through a block working in a slot formed in the end of the tiller
itself.
AN IMPROVED BOX AND APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AND IGNITING MATCHES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th May 1862.-A communication from abroad by Louis Leonard
Poulain, of Presles, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED BOX AND APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AND IGNITING MATCHES,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Louis Leonard Poulain, of Presles,
France,) to be as follows:-
This box and apparatus consists of an outer cylinder and of an inner
cylinder formed with vertical compartments all round each, intended for
the reception of one match or taper. The top of the inner cylinder is toothed,
and a pawl takes into the teeth to prevent its being moved beyond the extent
of one match compartment at a time. A stud rising through the top of the
box is connected by a coiled spring to the inner cylinder. A tube containing
a helical spring is fitted at the side of the outer cylinder. The spring has
fitted to the top a block or table, which projects inwards, and moves up and
down in a slot in the tube. There are also connected to the top of the spring
two finger pieces, for the purpose of depressing the spring and block. The
matches are placed in the compartments with the prepared ends upwards, and
the apparatus is worked thus:-Depress the helical spring, when the block
will be taken below the level of the bottom of the matches, turn the inner

page_text: cylinder, when one match will be brought over the block, release the spring,
and the match will be forced up in the compartment, and the prepared end
passing through spring jaws in the upper part of the apparatus will become
ignited by the friction in passing through them, and the lighted match will be
presented and held ready for use. The outer cylinder may be fitted with
holders for containing cigars, sealing wax, or any other article.
AN IMPROVED DINNER, SUPPER, BREAKFAST, OR DESSERT PLATE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Rapsey Hodge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1862.
I, PAUL RAPSEY HODGE, of Tokenhouse Yard, in the City of London, and
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DINNER, SUPPER, BREAKFAST, OR DESSERT
PLATE," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in the peculiar conformation of the plate, the rim
or edge of which is so formed as to have either an annular continuous recess
or groove around the body of the plate, or one or more recesses sunk or
moulded into the rim, for the purpose of placing the various condiments or
conserves in the said groove or recesses, keeping them separate from the food
on the plate, so that they may be used at discretion. I do not confine myself
to the use of any one material of which I may form this plate, the peculiar
conformation being adapted to either metal, wood, glass, porcelain, or any
other material.