Improvements in or connected with Burners for Alcohol and similar Liquid Hydrocarbons.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Burners for Alcohol and
similar Liquid Hydrocarbons.
I, EMIL HEINRICH CONRAD OEHLMANN of 131 Linien Strasse Berlin in the
German Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to burners for spirit or alcohol and other liquid hydro-
carbons of a similar character as regards evaporation and combustion, such as
are used for heating incandescent mantles or bodies, and consists in improvements
chiefly in or connected with the part in which the liquid is vapourised and supplied
to the orifice of the burner, the object of my invention being principally to obtain
a regular, hot and steady flame for heating the incandescent body or other
purposes. The improvements consist chiefly in using alcohol or hydrocarbon
vapours for supplying the auxiliary heating or evaporating burner or burners
instead of liquids as hitherto, combined with regulating devices, with the object of
obtaining an exact regulation of the auxiliary heating flames so as to effect a
regular evaporation proportional to the consumption of the main burner, and
further in arrangements for superheating the vapour and supplying the main
burner with a strong current of mixed air and hot vapour.
In the Specification hereinafter spirit only is referred to in connection with the
burner and improvements but it must be understood that other liquid hydro-
carbons of a similar character in respect to evaporation and combustion may
be used,
In the improved burner for vapourised spirit the vapour required for the
auxiliary or heating burner is first produced by warming by means of a separate
spirit lamp the spirit either in the main wick tube, which in this case is connected
by a tube with the auxiliary burner, or in a separate wick tube connected with the
auxiliary burner. When the auxiliary heating flames have been lit and started, the
vapour for the main burner is generated in the main wick tube and superheated
by means of the special arrangement of the same, and issuing from the tube
under pressure is mixed with air, so that a hot mixture of air and vapour arrives
at the main burner, and only the volume of air entering into the mixing chamber
needs to be regulated. For the purpose of generating and superheating the
vapour for the main burner proportionally to its consumption, it generated by
means of the auxiliary burner under a certain pressure by the employment of a
main wick tube the upper end of which is formed or surmounted by a superheating
retort shaped vessel carrying the vapour nozzle at the top, while the lower end of
the wick tube is packed tight by the wick in sach a manner that a suction of the
liquid for evaporation is possible but the entry of the vapours developed in the
wick tube into the liquid reservoir is prevented.
The superheating of the vapour evaporated by means of the auxiliary burner
from the main wick, for the purpose of obtaining a uniform and bright incan-
descence of the incandescent hood or body is as mentioned before effected in a
retort or retort shaped vessel of larger diameter surmounting the main wick tube,
which like the wick tube is heated by the auxiliary burners and carries at its top
the vapour nozzle.
On the sheet of drawings appended hereunto the improved burner for spirit or
other liquid hydrocarbons is shown applied to an incandescent lamp in two modified
constructions,

page_text: Fig. 1 showing in vertical section a burner in which the auxiliary heating
burner is supplied with vapour from the main wick tube, the general construction
of the burner, being adapted for its application to existing incandescent spirit
lamps.
-
Fig. 2 a section along line x x of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows a modification of the vapour conduction to the auxiliary burner.
Fig. 4 shows in top and side view the stopper used for packing the main wick
tube by compressing the wick, the stopper being also available for carrying or
holding the wick.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a burner in which the auxiliary heating burner is
supplied by means of a separate wick.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section along line all of Fig. 5.
Figs. 7 to 10 show different modified forms of auxiliary burners with pin
valves.
Referring now to the drawings-into the reservoir A the wick tube carrier a is
screwed, which contains the wick tube b for the main burner B, and in the arrange-
ment shewn by Fig. 5 also the wick tube c for the heater or auxiliary burner C,
and is further provided with a filling tube and an air outlet tube s, in order to be
able to fill the reservoir without removing the burner and to render existing lamp.
reservoirs applicable for incandescent lamp burners.
For the purpose of compressing the wick strands d dipping into the reservoir at
the bottom with the object of packing the lower part of the wick tube b, a
stopper e closed at its upper end is pushed into the tube b.
The upper end of the wick tube, as mentioned herein before is enlarged or
surmounted by a retort shaped superheater which terminates in the vapour
nozzle g or is closed by it. The lower rim of the nozzle g serves as carrier for
the cover or hood i which surrounds the heating flames k, the superheater fand
the bottom of the nozzle g in such a manner, that the upper part of the wick
tube, the superheater and the bottom of the nozzle are touched by the
heating flames k and the combustion gases and heated, so that in the upper part of
the wick tube b, vapours are generated under a certain pressure which vapours are
superheated in the superheater fand pass through the likewise heated nozzle
the mixing chamber D in a superheated state.
g into
The tube forming the mixing chamber and provided with air inlets m serves,
as shewn on Fig. 1 also to fix the hood i upon the rim h of the nozzle g. The
lower enlarged part of the mixing chamber D containing the air inlets is
surrounded by a hoop n likewise formed with air inlet openings o. By turning
this hoop n, the inlets can be more or less closed or opened and the flow of air
to the mixing chamber regulated thereby, which is advantageous for obtaining a
uniform and steady flame at the main burner B when evaporating spirit and
superheating the spirit vapours.
While in the incandescent spirit lamps hitherto made the generation of the spirit
vapours required for feeding the main burner has been effected by heating the
principal wick tube with auxiliary flames produced by the direct combustion of
spirit, which rendered the production of a lamp free from smell impossible, in the
improved burner spirit vapour is used for the auxiliary heating flames as well as
for the main flame. This is produced at the start in the lamp burner constructed
according to Fig. 1 in the main wick tube, in the modified construction shewn by
Fig. 5 in the auxiliary wick tube c, by letting a spirit flame, which is most
conveniently obtained by means of a separate spirit lamp, play upon the wick
tube b, or the auxiliary wick tube c. The vapour thus produced passes in the
arrangements Figs. 1 and 3, through the passage f1 from the superheater f
through a pin valve N, into the auxiliary burner C, which is provided with small
outlets p for producing the heating flames; in the arrangement Figs. 5 and 6 the
vapour generated in the auxiliary wick tube c passes through a branch tube o and
likewise through a pin valve N into the auxiliary burner C. It will be evident that
by using spirit vapour passing through a regulating device, for instance a pin valve

page_text: an exact regulation of the auxiliary heating flame and consequently of the vapour
or gas production for the main burner, can be readily made, which is impossible
when, as hitherto done, the auxiliary burner is supplied with liquid spirit, as a
supply of liquid cannot be regulated in such minute quantities as can be done in
the case of vapour.
J
The stopper e as shewn by Fig. 4, may be provided with angular projections
which centre it in the wick tube and at the same time serve to attach the wick
strands d, so that these can be pushed comparatively tightly into the wick tube b
from the bottom, for the purpose of preventing the vapour from entering the spirit
reservoir A and obtaining an overpressure in the superheater, without impeding
the suction of the wick.
When the vapour has been generated at the start by means of a separate spirit
lamp us hereinbefore described, the vapour issues out of the fine holes p of the
auxiliary burner and is ignited, the flames & heat the upper part of the wick tube b,
the superheater fand the nozzle 9, and are adjusted by means of the pin valve N
most accurately so as to obtain an evaporation of spirit uniformly and con-
tinuously exactly proportional to the consumption of the main burner. The
vapour required for the main burner is then generated and superheated in a short
time, and an effective and constant incandescent light is produced by supplying
the main burner with a combustible mixture of superheated spirit vapour and "air
in consequence of the strong and uniform current of superheated spirit, vapour
issuing under pressure from the nozzle.
The auxiliary heating burners, which are provided with means for regulating
their flames, for instance with a pin valve, may be variously shaped without
altering their effect, and Figures 7 to 10 show various arrangements of such
auxiliary burners adaptable partly to the form of main burners shewn herein,
partly to other forms of main burners.
G4
For the purpose of this invention it is immaterial whether the spirit vapour
for the auxiliary burner is generated in the main wick tube, or in an auxiliary
tube and whether the auxiliary burner surrounds the main wick tube or is arranged
in one of the forms shewn by Figures 8, 9 and 10 and directed towards the side of
the main wick tube, or arranged below the same, or inside thereof in the case of
hollow wick tubes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The combination with a burner for vaporised alcohol or other liquid hydro-
carbons of an auxiliary heating burner supplied with vapour through a pin valve
or equivalent device for regulating the vapour supply and flames of said auxiliary
burner, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a lamp or burner for vaporised spirit or other hydrocarbons the arrange-
ment of an auxiliary burner, supplied with vapour, through a pin valve or
equivalent regulating device in such a manner that the flames of said auxiliary
burner act upon
and heat the upper part of a main wick tube, which is packed
towards the bottom end by means of the wick, a retort or superheater surmounting
the main wick tube, a nozzle forming the top of the superheater, and of a mixing
chamber surrounding the nozzle substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
set forth and illustrated by the drawings.
3. In combination with a lamp or burner for vapourised spirit or other hydro-
carbons arranged as specified in the preceding claim, the arrangement of a hood (i)
surrounding the flames of the auxiliary burner, the superheater and nozzle
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. In a lamp or burner for vaporised spirit or other hydrocarbons the arrange
ment of a main wick tube the upper end of which terminates in a superheater and
outlet nozzle, while the lower end is packed by means of the wick in such a
manner, that without interfering with the suction of the wick, the vapours

page_text: generated in the upper end of the tube cannot enter the liquid reservoir, substan-
tially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
5. For the purpose of packing the main wick tube specified in the preceding
claim the use and arrangement of a stopper (e) which may also serve as wick
carrier, which for the purpose of packing the lower end of the said wick tube by
means of the wick is pushed into the same from the bottom end, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
6. In combination with a burner for vapourised alcohol or other liquid hydro-
carbons the arrangement of a wick tube carrier (a) provided with a curved filling
tube (r) for the purpose of enabling the lamp to be filled without removal
of the burner substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
7. The general arrangement or combination of parts of a burner and vapouriser
for heating incandescent bodies by the combustion of vapourised spirit or other
similar liquid hydrocarbons substantially as herein before described with reference
to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
8. The general arrangement or combination of parts of a burner and vapouriser
for heating incandescent bodies by the combustion of vapourised spirit or other
similar liquid hydrocarbons substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.
Dated the 11th day of December 1895
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.