Improvements in the Construction of Domestic Fire Grates.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 24th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 7th Apr., 1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Domestic Fire Grates.
I, RICHARD WHEEN GARLAND of the firm of Steel and Garland, Wharncliffe
Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, Iron Founder do hereby declare the nature
of the invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC FIRE GRATES
to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction of domestic
fire-grates, has reference to that class of such grates which are adapted for heating
rooms and other places as distinct from the other class of domestic fire grates which
are used for cooking purposes.
In the improved fire grate the upper back portion thereof is made to slope from the
top of the fire at the back and to rise so high up that it shall reach to a canopy placed
above the fire at the front of the grate where it comes in contact with the inner front
frame of the grate or to that part to which the fire bars are attached. This inclined
back projects over the fire and constitutes a heating surface against which the flame
plays and whereby the unburnt gases and smoke arising from the fire are more or less
consumed. This inclined back is formed of fire brick and its front surface may be
either flat or corrugated or otherwise shaped so as to increase the heating surface, the
inclined back rests in a metallic frame to give it a more finished appearance and this
frame again rests upon the top edge of the lower brick or bricks forming the back and
sides of the fire grate which bricks may extend downwards to the hearth if desired.
Instead of using this frame it may be dispensed with in which case the inclined brick
rests directly upon the lower vertical bricks. The bottom of the improved grate may
also be made of fire clay or cast iron or both.
The projecting canopy at the upper part of the grate is removable so that it may be
lifted off when required to rive access to the chimney or for building up the back of
the grate. The canopy is fitted to work on a pivot or hinged joint at its upper edge

page_text: and it is provided with a ratchet or ratchets or the mechanical equivalent at the
bottom for the purpose of opening or regulating and when necessary closing the
opening into the vent or chimney.
The canopy hereinbefore described may be enclosed within an ornamental casing if
desired.
In the improved domestic fire grate constructed according to the improvements
herein before described there is no other door necessary for closing the chimney nor
any mechanical means connected with such door or its equivalent behind or above the
inclined fire brick.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Domestic Fire Grates.
I, RICHARD WHEEN GARLAND of the firm of Steel and Garland, Wharncliffe
Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, Iron Founder do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction of domestic
fire-grates, has reference to that class of such grates which are adapted for heating
rooms and other places as distinct from the other class of domestic fire grates which
are used for cooking purposes.
In the improved fire-grate the upper back portion thereof is made to slope from the
top of the fire at the back and to rise so high up that it shall reach to a canopy placed
above the fire at the front of the grate where it comes in contact with the inner front
frame of the grate or to that part to which the fire bars are attached. This inclined
back projects over the fire and constitutes a heating surface against which the flame
plays and whereby the unburnt gases and smoke arising from the fire are more or less
consumed. This inclined back is formed of fire brick and its front surface may be
either flat or corrugated or otherwise shaped so as to increase the heating surface, the
inclined back may rest in a metallic frame to give it a more finished appearance and
when such frame is used it rests upon the top edge of the lower brick or bricks
forming the back and sides of the fire grate which bricks may extend downwards to
the hearth if desired. Instead of using this frame it may be dispensed with in which
case the inclined brick rests directly upon the lower vertical bricks. The bottom of
the improved grate may also be made of fire clay or cast iron or both.
The projecting canopy at the upper part of the grate is removeable so that it may be
lifted off when required to give access to the chimney or for building up the back of
the grate. The canopy is fitted to work on a pivot or hinged joint at its upper edge
and it is provided with a ratchet or ratchets or the mechanical equivalent at the
bottom for the purpose of opening or regulating and when necessary closing the
opening into the vent or chimney.
The canopy hereinbefore described may be enclosed within an ornamental casing if
desired.
In the improved domestic fire grate constructed according to the improvements
hereinbefore described there is no other door necessary for closing the chimney nor
any mechanical means connected with such door or its equivalent behind or above
the inclined fire brick.
In order that my Invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, I will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Two sheets drawings, Figure 1, of which is a front elevation of a domestic fire grate
and in which the canopy A is shewn shut close down against the upper front part of
the fire place.
Figure 2, a vertical section corresponding to Figure 1.

page_text: Figure 3, is a front elevation of the same domestic fire grate but with the canopy A
opened out and as more particularly seen in the transverse section at Figure 4
corresponding thereto.
Figure 5, is another front elevation of the same grate but with the canopy A
removed and shewing pins or pivots B on which it is hinged.
Figure 6, is a horizontal section taken on the line E, F, Figure 2.
The part marked C in the several figures represents the inclined back of the grate
which as aforesaid may be either plain or corrugated. As will be seen more especially
from Figures 2 and 4 when the canopy A is in the position shewn at Figure 2
communication between the fire grate and the chimney is entirely closed, in which
position the canopy is kept when the fire place is not in use, when however the
fire place is in use the canopy A is drawn out into some such angular position
as that shewn in section Figure 4 and thereby free communication between the
fire place and the chimney is effected. The canopy A can be drawn out to a greater
or lesser extent, so as to regulate the draught of the grate as required. The inclined
back by virtue of its position helping to throw forward the heat of the fire into the
room or apartment wherein the grate is situated.
When it is required to have access to the chimney D, for the purpose of sweeping
it or for cleaning it, putting in or repairing brick work behind the back (the
canopy A is easily removed by lifting it off the pins or pivots B.
my
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
The improvements in domestic fire grates consisting of the adjustable and
removeable canopy A carried upon pins or pivots B, and in combination with the
inclined back C all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
shewn upon the annexed drawings.