Year: 1885

page_text: BRUCE'S SPECIFICATION, N° 7579, A.D. 1885.
n clerical errors in the Original Specification having b
the Patentee with the consent of the Comptroller,
cification will now read as follows:-
Page 3, line 34, for "or" read "of"
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""
line 37, for "bend" read "bead"
line 39, for "stop-head" read "stop-bead"
Page 4, line 21, for "slight" read "slightly"
line 35, for "at D" read "at D*"
دو
دو
وو
وو
دو
وو
وو
line 37, for "that" read." than "
A""
line 41, for "stop head" read "stop-bend'
line 44, for "level E³" read "level, E*"
line 48, for "mouth piece" read "mouthpiece"
Page 5, line 6, for "pipes-The" read "pipes; the
line 14, for "faucet C" read "faucet, C³"
line 28, for "12 A³" read "12; A””
line 30, for "cross-head E" read "cross-head. E
line 43, for "made shaped" read "made, shaped
line 46, for "inlet soil waste" read "inlet, soil, wa
line 50, for "accross "read"
line 55, for "scal breast" read "seal-breast
Page 6, line 8, for "stop head" read "stop-bend"
linė 11, for "stop fillet" read "stop-fillet"
line 14, for "is" read "as
"
"
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across
"

page_text: Improvements in Syphon Traps, and in the Mode of Connecting
them to Drain and other Pipes, the said Connection being
also Applicable to such Pipes Separately.
I, WILLIAM BRUCE of 1 Sciennes Hill Place, Edinburgh in the County of
Midlothian, Clerk of Works do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHON TRAPS AND IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING THEM
TO DRAIN AND OTHER PIPES, THE SAID CONNECTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO
SUCH PIPES SEPARATELY to be as follows:-
»
This invention has for its object improvements in syphon traps and in the mode
of connecting them to drain and other pipes. The trap as constructed under the
invention has the usual faucet for connection to the inlet side of the drain and the
faucet situated directly above the water level on the same side of the trap and
through which it has heretofore been a common practice to admit air to ventilate
the drain.
Under this invention the said vertical faucet is used only as an access opening
to the inlet side of the trap and an additional faucet inclined at an angle upwards
from the drain is provided, a pipe being connected thereto for the inlet of the
ventilating air. The said ventilating branch which opens into the trap at a point
opposite or nearly opposite the house side of the drain is preferably of slightly
greater diameter than the drain and the upper part of the inclined pipe connected
to it is trumpet shaped the wider portion being at or near the ground level and
covered with a grating through which the air passes. By this means a grating
area equal to the area of the body of the pipe is obtained and by inclining the
inlet, as set forth, the air passes into the drain with greater facility.
The vertical faucet is or may be closed gas tight by a cover consisting of a
cylindrical part placed and cemented into the faucet. At its interior the said part
is made with projections on which a bridge or cross-head formed on or connected
to a screw engages the said screw extending upwards and passing through a dished
or other shaped cover-plate made with a horizontal flange to the under side of
which an india-rubber, leather, soft metal, or other ring of diameter equal to the
diameter of the cylinder is secured. By a thumb-nut placed on the upper end of
the screw the washer or ring is pressed gas tight against the upper edge of the
cylinder.

page_text: Besides the ventilating branch the trap may have another such branch on its
exit side to ventilate the sewer side of the drain.
The spigot ends of the trap and of the pipes connected thereto are formed with
a raised part extending around them and consisting of a bead which is at a distance
from the end of the spigot equal or nearly equal to the depth of, but of greater
diameter than the faucet. From the bead a shoulder equal or nearly equal to the
diameter of the faucet projects a distance towards the spigot end, and from the end
of the said shoulder the projecting part is inclined down until it meets the outer
circumference of the spigot. From the abutting part of the faucet which comes
up to or against the end of the spigot the bottom of the faucet is preferably
recessed back, the circumference of the said abutting part thereby constituting a
rest for the cement.
In making the joint a ball of sacking or equivalent material equal to the
internal diameter of the pipe is drawn up to the joint and grout or cement is filled
in through a hole made for the purpose in the faucet.
The method of jointing hereinbefore described is applicable to drain and other
such pipes separately.

page_text: Improvements in Syphon Traps, and in the Mode of Connecting
them to Drain and other Pipes, the said Connections being
also Applicable to such Pipes Separately.
I, WILLIAM BRUCE of 1 Sciennes Hill Place, Edinburgh in the County of
Midlothian, Olerk to the Works, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHON TRAPS, AND IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING THEM
TO DRAINS AND OTHER PIPES THE SAID CONNECTIONS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO
SUCH PIPES SEPARATELY and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its objects (1) the more perfect ventilation of Traps and
pipes leading thereto which is obtained by means of a large grating at surface level.
with open perforations for the passage of air, the superficial extent of said per-,
forations being equal, or more than the superficial extent on the cross section
of pipe laid at an angle of about 25 degrees, which conducts the air to traps.:
The grating hereinbefore described is rounded and raised in the centre, which
prevents small stones or rubbish from filling up the perforations. The Bellshaped
mouthpiece is enlarged below the grating to an extent slightly larger than the
circumference of the perforations in the grating to facilitate the passage of air
freely into the pipe or pipes extending from said mouthpiece to the ventilating
faucet of Traps.
(2) The improvements made on the Traps consists (a) in the air inlet faucet
being placed at an angle of twenty five (25) degrees or thereby almost opposite or
slightly above the inlet faucet of trap thereby facilitating the passage of air
through the inlet faucet of trap. The vertical faucet will only be used as an
inspection eye, or as an inlet for rainwater above the faucet, but will in every case
be covered at the surface by a plate, or other airtight covering. (b) The deep seal
of traps is obtained by means of the construction of inlet faucet being 24" inches
or more, above the level of outlet spigot end, also by means of the curved dish.
shaped breast at the inlet end of trap between the water line and inlet faucet; the
said curved breast extends in a straight line across the trap, abutting at each side
against the curved or rounded side of trap (c) Owing to the upturned, curved and
straight discharge breast the water is formed into a wave extending from side to
side of the trap of regular thickness before falling on the water seal of traps.
(3) The improvements made on the connections or joints of Traps and drain
pipes are made by means of a large deep faucet having a sinking in the shoulder
of faucet to retain a small quantity of jointing cement, or other suitable mortar
between the end or spigot and shoulder of faucet; and on the spigot end of pipe
is formed a guide and bead, said guide is made to pass freely into the faucet of
pipe, and ensures the accurate position of spigot in relation to the faucet end of the
connecting pipe. The bend is of slightly greater diameter than the inside of
faucet, thereby preventing the jointing material from passing out of the joint, or
alternately the guide made in the faucet at the shoulder, and the stop head or :
fillet formed on the spigot end of pipe or inside the external end of faucet, in
either case the faucet will have one hole in the top for small pipes, and three holes

page_text: are made in the faucet of large pipes for pouring in asphalte, pitch, cement or any
other suitable material, asphalte or pitch used very hot and tempered soft is
recommended, the application of which is herein- claimed; but no claim is berein
made for the single hole in top of faucet, as single holes were made in common
faucets many years ago.
(4) The improvements made on the air, gas and watertight inspection eye
consists of a cylinder of iron, or other suitable material, its internal diameter
being equal to the internal diameter of the upturned right angle branch of drain
or other pipe. The cylinder should be carefully fixed into the faucet of drain or
other pipe with suitable jointing material, the cross head having a screwed bolt
inserted and passing through cover compresses the cover down on the top of cylinder
by means of the screw on top or upper end of bolt. The cover has a washer all
round bearing on the upper edge of cylinder; there is also a washer between the
top of cover and thumb screw all of which renders the eye perfectly tight.
In order that my invention may be fully and clearly understood and carried
into practical effect as herein before described, have annexed to this specification
the accompanying sheet of drawings, and now refer to the figures and letters of
reference marked thereon.
Figure 1. shews a section of A Trap. A is the air inlet faucet, which is 1" inch
larger in diameter than the inlet faucet of trap. B is the inspection faucet, Cis
the inlet faucet of trap, D is the curved breast slight upturned at the breast, which
extends in a straight line between the circled sides of trap. E is the ventilating
faucet of tail drain or pipe, from which a ventilation pipe may be continued, or
this faucet may be turned upwards similar to B faucet as an inspection eye, and
covered with a plate, and inspection eye cover.
Figure 2 is a plan of trap A or B. A¹ is the air inlet faucet placed at an
angle. B¹ is the inspection faucet. C is the inlet faucet, D¹ is the drain ventilation
or inspection eye faucet. E' is the spigot end of trap, with guide and bead.
Figure 3 is a section of trap A as hereinbefore described at Figure 1 but without
Drain ventilator or inspection eye on the tail or spigot end of trap, and therefore
allowing the air inlet faucet A³ to be placed parallel with the trap.
Figure 4. is a plan of trap A or B without the drain ventilator as shewn on
Figures 1 & 2.
Figure 5. is a section of trap B, A' is the air inlet faucet B' is the inspection
faucet C is the inlet faucet of trap. The breast at D is made with and without
the curved straight breast. The breast of seal at E2 is made more perpendicular
to the surface of water that the breast of seal Figure 1 and consequently this trap
should be placed at the foot of soil or waste pipes, where the flushing head of water
is very heavy, and striking the breast below E' flowing towards A³ and then settles
down as the force of water is reduced insuring a perfect seal. F is the spigot end
of trap with guide and stop head.
Figure 6 shews the application of the inspection eye cover, A is an upturned
branch pipe, B³ is the faucet into which the inspection eye cylinder is fixed C³. is
the cylinder, D³ is the floor surface, or area level E is the plate cover which is
lifted off when access is required to the inspection eye of Drain or other pipe.
Figure 7. shews the complete application of the system, with B trap as herein-
before described at Figure 5. A is the air inlet grating at surface level.
B₁ is
a section of the Bellshaped air inlet mouth piece. C is the air inlet faucet of
trap, Dis the pipe or eye extending the inspection eye to surface. E is the
inlet faucet of trap. F is the tail drain from spigot end of trap.-G is a branch
connection which may be used as a rainwater connection, or any similar use. His
the plate at surface level covering the inspection eye of trap. I. I. I. is the joint
described in my provisional specification dated 24 July 1885, N° 8931.-J. J. J. J. is
the outline of walls to which soil, waste and ventilation pipes may be fixed as
required.
Figure 8. is an elevation on line A. A. Fig. 7 of the Bellshaped air inlet

page_text: Figure 9. is a plan of the perforated grating for air inlet as shewn on Figure 7.
'A-B' is the outline of the round stone or brick frame into which the grating is
fixed.
Figure 10. is a section on spigot and faucet of two connected pipes. A6 is the
inside of pipe. Be is the outline of faucet, and shewing the three holes herein-
before described for the faucet of large pipes-The holes on side of faucet being
shaped with a lip to facilitate the pouring in of asphalte, pitch, cement or any
other suitable material.
Figure 11. is a section of a large pipe faucet. The tinted section shews the
faucet as first described in this specification and as shewn on Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6,7, and 8 and as further described at Figure 10 shewing the holes A7 A7 on top
and side of faucet for pouring in the material to make a joint. The broken lines
shew the alternate joint hereinbefore described. The broken line B' shews the
guide-fillet formed at shoulder of faucet CC is the fillet or bead which can be
formed on the spigot end of pipe or in the end of faucet in either way leaving
a groove for the jointing material. The lines D³ D indicates the spigot end
of pipes.
Figure 12., is an enlarged drawing of the inspection eye cover shewn at Figure 6.
As is the cylinder. B³ is the projection formed on. inside of cylinder having a slit
at each side for the inserting or removing of the cross head Co. De is the pin or
bolt which is fixed to cross-head and passes through a hole in cover E³. F³ is the
washer, bearing all round on top of cylinder, and fixed into a grove which is
formed in the cover for said washer. Gis the thumb screw on bolt D⚫ thereby
compressing the cover firmly down to the top of cylinder. All or part of cylinder,
cross-head and cover may be made of iron, brass, zinc, lead or other suitable metals.
The bolt and thumb screw, or nut can be made of iron, brass or gun-metal; and the
washers F and H' are made of any suitable material.
Figure 13. is a plan of Figure 12 A is the cylinder. B° B is the projections
formed on the inside of cylinder. C7 C7 is the slits for passage of cross-head.
D' is the cross-head E is the neck of pin or bolt where it passes through the
cross-head.
The traps and pipes hereinbefore described can be made of fireclay cast iron,
cast lead, zinc or other suitable material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The ventilation of Traps and pipes by means of the Bellshaped trumpet
mouthpiece or bend placed below surface grating which is rounded and raised on
top, the said mouthpiece bend being formed at the back to, or near an angle of
twenty five (25) degrees and diminished towards the spigot end thereof, being
reduced in size to a section of equal size and capacity to the pipe or pipes leading
the air from the mouthpiece to the air inlet faucet of traps and the round plain or
glazed fireclay frame or cover, made shaped and fitted for the air inlet mouthpiece
and grating cover.
2. The traps having the air inlet faucet placed at or near an angle of 25 degrees,
Baid faucet to be larger or smaller than the inlet soil waste or water faucet of traps;
but preferably one inch larger in diameter than the inlet faucet. Said traps to be
made with inspection faucets, and tail drain ventilation or inspection eye faucets
all as herein before described and the A trap having the raised curved breast formed
in a straight line accross the trap, at the highest part, being the discharge edge; said
breast to be formed on any part of the trap between the inlet faucet and the water
seal; and the breast of water seal in A Trap is formed at or near an angle of
62 degrees, said seal being made between 2" & 4" inches deep. B trap is made
with air inlet faucet and other faucets as already described for A trap. The
seal breast of the said B trap is formed at an angle of 82 degrees or thereby, and
the breast below inlet, soil, waste, or water faucet is made with and without the

page_text: curved, breast, being straight on the discharge edge. The difference of level between
the discharge of inlet faucet and outlet spigot of A and B traps is between 2"
and 4" inches in accordance with the size of traps, which are made to all the
necessary sizes, and of any suitable material
3. The joints and connections of traps and pipes made of any suitable material.-
The faucet being formed deep and strong with one or three holes for pouring in
the liquid, semiliquid or thin hot jointing material; and on the spigot end of pipe
a guide-fillet resting in the outer end of faucet and with stop head or fillet of
slightly larger diameter than the inside of faucet, or the aforesaid faucets having a
guide, formed on the inside shoulder of faucet; and inside the outer end of faucet
is formed the stop fillet having a groove or space all round the spigot end of pipe
for the jointing material, being hot, soft tempered asphalte, pitch, composition of
any suitable kind; cement or other mortars poured through the mouth shaped holes
on side of pipe faucets, and is hereinbefore described.
4. The inspection eye and cover with cross-head, the cover with washer com-
pressed on top of cylinder by means of a screwed bolt passing through cover,
engaged by a screw, with a washer between said screw and top of cover; or
otherwise to form a perfectly water, gas, and airtight cover or eye, being made
square, round, or any other form.
T
1000