IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDRO CARBON AND OTHER OILS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, GEORGE RICHARD POSTLETHWAITE of Park Road Aston Manor near Birming-
ham in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
said invention for ""
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDRO CARBON AND
OTHER OILS," to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to obviate the many failings and to enhance, the
utility of Paraffin, light hydro-carbon and other oil burning lamps.
It is well known to the makers and users of such lamps, that there are many
objections and dangers attending the use even of the very best constructed and
most costly lamps; but for these drawbacks illumination by oil would be preferable
to gas from the fact than an equal light can be obtained at about half the cost of
coal gas, taken at three shillings per thousand feet.
Hitherto the greatest obstacle has been that, that the light obtained from a
hydro carbon or other lamp is constantly diminishing as the liquid is consumed;
for as consumption goes on, the distance between the surface of the liquid being
burned and the point of combustion, increases. The illuminating power of the
flame also decreases in an exact ratio.
The liquid being burned can only reach the point of ignition by means of the
wick, acting upon the law of capillary attraction, by diffusing itself up the wick;
but as the liquid becomes lower the upward diffusion becomes more sluggish, owing
to gravitation; that is, the weight of the liquid will only allow of this diffusion to a
certain height up the wicks, and when this point is reached the light can only be
maintained, by frequently winding up the wick, which is as rapidly consumed
again, and in the end causing more smoke than light. The disagreeable and
dangerous task of recharging the lamp with liquid must be done during the time
the light is required or being used.
.
Another objection is that the vessel or container that holds the paraffin or other
oil must be placed directly under and as close as possible to the burner of the
lamp; and as these containers are generally opaque, and more or less bulky, a deep.
shadow is cast.

page_text: The nature and object of my said invention is to produce lamps that will connect
all the herein before described faults and objections.
Instead of having the whole of the pariffin, or other oil in a bulky vessel or con-
tainer and fixed directly under the burner as is commonly practised, I place the
container in the lower base part of the lamp which adds to the stability of a
standing or pillar lamp. This container is made preferably from sheet metal, and
is perfectly cylindrical in form, but not more capacious than is usual. This said
cylinder has a flat bottom, with a convex top, also provided with an outlet of about
one third the diameter of the body part of the cylinder'; which hole or outlet is
surrounded by a very short neck, and screwed to this neck is a shallow cup of
about half the diameter of the cylinder body, this cup shaped piece is for the
purpose of charging, the cylinder with oil. The cup is situated at a considerable
distance below, independent of the burner, which therefore removes the danger and
difficulty of refilling or charging the lamp.
A suitable length of short drawn tube is screwed into the bottom of the cup.
This forms the post or pillar of the lamp, and for further reference we call it the
pillar tube. The said pillar tube is smaller in diameter than the cup, a cavity is
formed all round or between the cup and the pillar tube, so that the lamp may be
charged or recharged from any direction. In the body of this pillar tube a slot
extends in a straight line through the whole length of the tube with the exception
of one half inch at each end. This slot is for the purpose of attaching an indicator
button to a carrier working inside the pillar tube, as hereinafter more fully
explained.
At the top of the pillar tube is a cast metal junction piece, the solid body of
which is about half inch thick, and is so called, because from this piece the paraffin
or oil may be taken by means of small bone tubes in almost any direction, and by.
any number of branches, so that one or more lights can be fed from the one con-
tainer.The upper part of this junction piece has an internal screwed socket of a
larger diameter than the under part, and for a lamp with a single burner, a shorter
length of tube than the pillar tube, (of larger diameter) is screwed into the upper
side of the junction piece. The body of the junction piece at the same time forming
a'bottom and the two constitute a small reservoir or holder; but which I will
term the supply cistern, to the top of which, any kind of burner may be fixed, and
into this supply cistern the lower end of the wick hangs.
The object is now to get the oil or pariffin into this small supply cistern and
maintained at one constant level irrespective of consumption. This is accomplished
by means of a..plunger, or piston composed partly of leather, and fitted inside the
cylinder at the base of the lamp as before described: This piston is under the
influence or actuated by a spiral spring, which is so coiled that when closed up
shall occupy as little space as possible. The piston is wound up by a Rack and
Pinion arrangement, and at the same time the spiral spring is being compressed
between the upper side of the piston and the top part of the cylinder. The oil or
praffin being previously poured in through the cup will, flow to the under side of
the piston during the process of winding up, and by reason of the flexible form and
shape given to the leather portion.
From the centre of the piston is secured a metal tube of small bone, which
reaches a little below the piston when in its normal position, and up through the
neck of the cylinder, and terminating in the cup, this I will name the piston tube,
and its upper end passes through a gland or stuffing box attached to another tube;
this last named tube is just large enough internally to receive the piston tube.
bodily, and will therefore call it the reception tube. The gland is so arranged as
to make a sliding joint, quite liquid proof.
The reception tube occupies the centre of the pillar tube before mentioned, and
is screwed into a hole on the underside of the junction piece. The said hole also
forms an inlet to the small supply cistern, not direct but by a lateral channel,
this lateral channel is formed in the body of the junction piece to which it is

page_text: attached; and leading from the channel a small bore pipe terminates within the
supply cistern. The lateral passage is simply to allow the inlet pipe to be fixed
a little out of the centre of the supply cistern, so as to be out of the way of the
wick. The supply pipe is bént over a little, so as to deliver in a downward
direction, forming a passage from the underside of the piston to the supply cistern,
to which is in direct communication with the burner.
Inside the supply cistern is another pipe, to act as an overflow, the lower_end
passing through the body of the junction piece, direct and terminating about a
quarter of an inch below. The top end is a little below the height of the supply
cistern, while the height of this overflow pipe determines the level to which the
paraffin or other oil is to be maintained and in which the supply of wick is
immersed It is desirable that this supply cistern be fed at a little greater speed
than that of consumption; hence the necessity of an overflow pipe.
The paraffin or other oil when fed into the cylinder through the cup remains on
the upper side of the piston which on being wound up as before described the
liquid makes its way to the underside of the said piston and by the re-action of
the spiral spring great pressure is brought to bear upon the surface of the liquid
causing it to flow through the piston tube along the reception tube and feed pipe
into the small supply cistern; and after filling the cistern to the desired height
the remainder passes down overflow pipe and is discharged into the pillar tube
and thence through the cup to the upper side of the cistern, and ready again for
re-winding when the piston has run down.
The spiral spring when fully wound up, is considerably stronger than needed,
and of course weakens as it expands, but must be powerful enough to force the
liquid to the height of the overflow-There is no difficulty in this, but to regulate
uniformly the upward flow of the liquid irrespective of the changing pressure of
the spring, is an important element, and is performed in the following manner-
A piece of plain straight metal wire called the regulator rod, reduced to a dull.
point at one end, the diameter of this rod must be such that it will nearly fit the
bore of the piston tube, and of such a length so that when passed through the
central hole through the junction piece, and down the reception tube it will enter
the piston tube for about one inch-The top part of the rod is formed into a
T shaped head, so that it will lodge upon the top of the reception tube without
fear of its falling in, or stopping up the passage of the liquid and secured from
rising by a small screw plug.
It will now be seen that as the piston is being wound up the regulator rod
protrudes more and more into the piston tube-The resistance to the flow of liquid
increases as the tension of the spiral spring increases and vice-versa; and by this
means the upward flow of the liquid is accurately adjusted so as to have little or
no overflow from the supply cistern-The necessity for re-winding being materialy
prolonged; besides which the liquid by being kept at one constant level, the
consumption of the wick is almost nil; therefore little or no snuffing or trimming
is necessary.
I will now proceed to describe the working of an indicator for showing when
the piston has completed its descent after being wound up.
A small weight of a diameter a little smaller than that of the pillar tube internally
and.about one inch in length with an axial hole of sufficient size as to fit freely
upon the reception tube, and is so placed as to work up and down the reception
tube inside the pillar tube. A small hole is also drilled in which an indicator
button is screwed, so that in the winding up or running down of the piston, the
indicator follows the same motion, and will so indicate the exact position the piston
occupies in the cylinder.
The application to a three light is readily effected by leading the overflow along
two opposite branch pipes leading from the junction piece described. The overflow
instead of heing allowed to return to the cylinder, becomes the feed for the two

page_text: branch lights by being led into channels drilled into the body of the junction piece,
and into each of these channels, are secured leading pipes to a corresponding supply
cistern.
The application of my invention to bracket lights, chandeliers and the like,
differs in no essential respect from its application to lamps as herein-before
described.

page_text: I, GEORGE RICHARD POSTLETHWAITE of Park Road, Aston Manor, near
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick Engineer do hereby declare the nature
of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING
HYDRO CARBON
AND OTHER OILS," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The object of my invention is to obviate the many failings and to enhance the
utility of Paraffin, light hydro carbon and other oil burning lamps.
It is well known to the makers and users of such lamps, that there are many
objections and dangers attending the use even of the very best constructed and
most costly lamps; but for these drawbacks illumination by oil would be pre-
ferable to gas from the fact that an equal light can be obtained at about half the
cost of coal gas taken at three shillings per thousand feet.
Hitherto the greatest obstacle has been that the light obtained from a hydro
carbon or other lamp is constantly diminishing as the liquid is consumed, for as
consumption goes on, the distance between the surface of the liquid being burned
and the point of combustion, increases-The illuminating power of the flame also
decreases in an exact ratio.
The liquid being burned can only reach the point of ignition by means of the
wick, acting upon the law of capillary attraction, by diffusing itself up the wick;
but as the liquid becomes lower the upward diffusion becomes more sluggish owing
to gravitation; that is, the weight of the liquid will only allow of this diffusion
to a certain height up the wicks, and when this point is reached the light can only
be maintained, by frequently winding up the wick, which is as rapidly consumed
again, and in the end causing more smoke than light-The disagreeable and
dangerous task of recharging the lamp with liquid must be done during the time
the light is required, or being used.
Another objection is that the vessel or container that holds the paraffin or other
oil must be placed directly under and as close as possible to the burner of the
lamp; and as these containers are generally opaque, and more or less bulky, a deep
shadow is cast.
The nature and object of my said invention is to produce a lamp that will correct
the hereinbefore described faults and objections.
Instead of having the whole of the paraffin or other oil in a bulky vessel or
container and fixed directly under the burner as is commonly practiced, I place
the container in the lower base part of the lamp, which adds to the stability of a
standing or pillar lamp-This container is made preferably from sheet metal and is
perfectly cylindrical in form but not more capacious than is usual-This said
cylinder has a flat bottom with a convex top also provided with an outlet of about
one third the. diameter of the body part of the cylinder; which hole or outlet is
surrounded by a very short neck, and screwed to this neck is a shallow cup of
about half the diameter of the cylinder body, this cup shaped piece is for the
purpose of charging the cylinder with oil-The cup is situated at a considerable

page_text: •
distance below; independent of the burner which therefore removes the danger and
difficulty of refilling or charging the lamp.
A suitable length of stout drawn tube is screwed into the bottom of the cup-
This forms the post or pillar of the lamp, and for further reference we will call it
the pillar tube-The said pillar tube is smaller in diameter than the cup, a cavity
is formed all round or between the cup and the pillar tube so that the lamp may
be charged or re-charged from any directionIn the body of this pillar tube a
slot extends in a straight line through the whole length of the tube with the
exception of one half inch at each end-This slot is for the purpose of attaching
an indicator button to a carrier working inside the pillar tube as hereinafter more
fully explained.
At the top of the pillar tube is a cast metal junction piece, the solid body of
which is about half an inch thick, and is so called, because from this piece the
paraffin or oil may be taken by means of small bone tubes in almost any direction,
and by any number of branches, so that one or more lights can be fed from the
one container-The upper part of this junction piece has an internal screwed
socket of a larger, diameter than the underpart, and for a lamp with a single.
burner a shorter length of tube than the pillar tube (of larger diameter) is screwed
into the upper side of the junction piece-The body of the junction piece at the
same time forming a bottom and the two constitute a small reservoir or holder;
but which I will term the supply cistern; to the top of which any kind of burner
may be fixed, and into this supply cistern the lower end of the wick hangs.
My object is now to get the oil or paraffin into this small supply cistern, and
maintained at one constant level irrespective of consumption-This is accomplished
by means of a plunger or piston composed partly of leather, and fitted inside the
cylinder at the base of the lamp as before described-This piston is under the
influence or actuated by a spiral spring, which is so coiled that when closed up
shall occupy as little space as possible-The piston is wound up by a rack and
pinion arrangement and at the same time the spiral spring is being compressed
between the upper side of the piston and the top part of the cylinder-The oil or
paraffin being previously poured in through the cup will flow to the under side of
the piston during the process of winding up, and by reason of the flexible form and
shape given to the leather portion.
From the centre of the piston is secured a metal tube of very small bore, which
reaches a little below the piston when in its normal position, and up through the
neck of the cylinder, and terminating in the cup. This I will name the piston
tube, and its upper end passes through a gland or stuffing box attached to another
tube; this last named tube is just large enough internally to receive the piston
tube bodily, and will therefore call it the reception tube. The gland is so arranged
as to make a sliding joint, quite liquid proof.
The reception tube occupies the centre of the pillar tube, before mentioned, and
is screwed into a hole on the underside of the junction piece. The said hole also
forms an inlet to the small supply cistern, not direct but by a lateral channel, this
lateral channel is formed in the body of the junction piece to which it is attached,
and leading from the channel a small bore pipe terminates within the supply
cistern. The lateral passage is simply to allow the inlet pipe to be fixed a little
out of the centre of the supply cistern, so as to be out of the way of the wick.
The supply pipe is bent over a little, so as to deliver in a downward direction,
forming a passage from the underside of the piston to the supply cistern, to which
is in direct communication with the burner.
Inside the supply cistern is another pipe, to act as an overflow; the lower end
passing through the body of the junction piece, direct and terminating about a
quarter of an inch below. The top end is a little below the height of the supply
cistern, while the height of this overflow determines the level to which the
paraffin or other oil is to be maintained and in which the supply of wick is
immersed. It is desirable that this supply cistern be fed at a little greater speed
than that of consumption, hence the necessity of an overflow pipe.

page_text: The paraffin or other oil when fed into the cylinder through the cup remains on
the upper side of the piston which on being wound up as before described the
liquid makes its way to the underside of the said piston, and by the reaction of the
spiral spring great pressure is brought to bear upon the surface of the liquid.
causing it to flow through the piston tube, along the reception tube and feed pipe
into the small supply cistern; and after filling the cistern to the desired height the
remainder passes down the overflow pipe and is discharged into the pillar tube and
thence through the cup to the upper side of the piston, and ready again for.
re-winding, when the piston has run down..
The spiral spring when fully wound up, is considerably stronger than needed,
and of course weakens as it expands but must be powerful enough to force the
liquid to the height of the overflow. There is no difficulty in this but to regulate
uniformally the upward flow of the liquid irrespective of the changing pressure of
the spring, is an important element, and is performed in the following manner.
A piece of plain straight metal wire called the regulator rod, is reduced to a dull
point at one end, the diameter of this rod must be such that it will nearly fit the
bore of the piston tube, and of such in length so that when pressed through the
central hole through the junction piece, and down the reception tube it will enter
the piston tube for about one inch. The top part of the rod is formed into a
T shaped head, so that it will lodge upon the top of the reception tube, without
fear of its falling in or stopping up the passage of the liquid and secured from
rising by a small screw plug.
It will now be seen that as the piston is being wound up the regulator rod
protrudes more and more into the piston tube. The resistance to the flow of liquid.
increases, as the tension of the spiral spring increases, and vice-versa; and by this
means the upward flow of the liquid is accurately adjusted so as to have little or no
overflow from the supply cistern. The necessity for rewinding being materially
prolonged besides which the liquid by being kept at one constant level, the con-
sumption of the wick is almost nil; therefore little or no snuffing or trimming is
necessary.
;
I will now proceed to describe the working of an indicator for showing when the
piston has completed its descent after being wound up..
A small weight of a diameter, a little smaller than that of the pillar tube
internally and about one inch in length, with an axial hole of sufficient size as to
fit freely upon the reception tube, and is so placed as to work up and down the
reception tube inside the pillar tube. A small hole is also drilled in which an
indicator button is screwed; so that in the winding up or in running down of the
piston, the indicator follows the same motion, and will so indicate the exact position
the piston occupies in the cylinder.
The application to a three light is readily effected by leading the overflow along
two opposite branch pipes leading from the junction piece described. The overflow
instead of being allowed to return to the cylinder becomes the feed for the two
branch lights by being led into channels drilled into the body of the junction
piece; and into each of these channels, are secured leading pipes, to a corresponding
supply cistern.
The application of my invention to bracket lights, chandeliers and the like,
differs in no essential respect from its application to lamps as herein before
described.
Having described the nature of my invention, I will now proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in which the same is to
be performed.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a lamp constructed according
to my invention, the said figure 1 shows the piston of the lamp at the bottom of
the oil container or reservoir, the spring which raises the oil from a lower to a
higher level is shown distended, which I will here-after particularly describe.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section, the same as figure 1, with the piston
raised, and in the act of forcing oil-from below it (within the container) to the wick

page_text: -
chamber, situated at the summit of the pillar of the lamp. Figure 3 is a
longitudinal vertical section of the working cylinder, which forms the container
for holding the supply of paraffin or other oil, or light giving liquid. The said
container being made, preferably from tinned sheet metal. Figure 4 is the cup
with nozzle bottom with an internal and external screw, the said cup takes into the
wormed internal part of the neck of the working cylinder. The other figures
sheet 1 represent the detail part of the lamp
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in figures 1 to both
inclusive of the accompanying Drawings..
a is the working cylinder or oil container, and b is the necked part at the summit
of the said container; the said necked part being screwed internally. c is a cup.
(represented in section,) the nozzle or lower part of which, screws into the neck b
of the container a. The nozzle of the said pouring cup c is screwed internally,
which receives the neck d² of the capstan d. This last named view is shown in
plan figure 5A upon a larger scale. e is the pillar tube, and e² a slot, running the
full traverse of the indicator ff is the indicator carrier, sliding upon the outer
tube g; and within this outer tube g depending from the wick chamber k, a second
tube carried by the cup leather piston j slides. The entrance tube i through which
the oil is forced from the container into the wick chamber is open on the underside
of the said piston—e³ is a junction piece, which connects the pillar and passages to
the wick chamber k-e is a stop screw which will be fully described further on.
g2 is the feed supply pipe, leading from the passage of the tube g; so that oil is
raised by the force of the spring 1, through the passage g; and from thence
through g², to the wick chamber k, which is filled to the level of the overflow g³.
The surplus oil, trickling within the pillar and passing to the upper side of the
forcing piston j. m is a rod hanging within the bore or passage of the supply
pipe g. The lower end of the depending wire m is pointed or tapered off and lies
at the entrance as represented in figure 1 of the tube i carried by the piston. This
last named tube passes between the supply tube g and the rod m, so that the
higher the tube i is within the tube g, greater resistance is offered to the passages
of the liquid being forced. This is for the purpose of equalizing the constant flow
of oil to the wick chamber, by employing a means of equalizing the effect of the
spring's pressure at varying times, or rather when it is under different states of
contraction, which gives off greater power at one time than at another, and unless
'some means are employed (as aforesaid,) more oil will be forced to the wick
chamber than is necessary, and consequently the lamp will require rewinding
oftener. is a stuffing box between the tubes g and i to preserve a sound joint.
a² is the outer casing enclosing the oil container a, and a³ is the foot. On the top
of the cup leather piston j, is an annular seat for the lower part of the spring i
to seat itself. ³ is a secondary or underneath boss or corrugated disc for con-
necting the piston to the tube with which it moves; thus, the seat j³ is attached
to the tube i with a ferrule or supporting piece at its upper part. The cup leather
piston is threaded on the end of the tube, with the disc j³ underneath it.. The
screw is then screwed up upon the wormed end of the tube which fixes the
piston between the upper and under corrugated plates. n is a winder, supported
or turning within the frame or capstan d, and having at its inner end a pinion n²,
best seen in figure 5A, which pinion engages with the teeth of a rack o connected
to, and carried by the piston j and movable supply tube i, the connection between
the rack and piston being effected by a cross piece. p is the body of the burner,
and p the wicks depending in the wick tube h.
The double coned coiled spring abuts at its upper end against the under side
of the supply chamber, and at the lower upon the top of the piston. The shape of
the spring allows it to take up the least possible space when compressed, by the.
convolutions falling within each other. q is a leather cushion inside the bottom of
the casing, so as to preserve the bottom of the tube carried by the piston, and also
the piston itself from injury.
The former burner may be of any of the well known kinds now in use.

page_text: I will now proceed to describe the working of the lamp, and the manner in which
the same is to be carried into effect..
Liquid to be burned is fed through the cup or inlet c, until the chamber a
becomes filled; that is, the liquid is poured into the cylinder above the piston, as
represented in figure 1, when the rising of the liquid within the cup c determines.
that sufficient oil has been poured. The winder n is then turned, rotating the
pinion n upon the end of its axis. This pinion gears with the rack teeth of the.
rack o attached to the piston j and lower supply pipe i. The result is, that the
piston and supply tube is raised above or below the position represented in figure 2,
the latter sliding telescopically within the tube g and around the rod m, while the
former displaces the oil by its upward motion.; the cup leather edges yielding.to
the liquid resting above the piston; thus allowing the liquid or oil to flow or.
gravitate to the bottom of the chamber or cylinder A, leaving the piston under.
spring tension at the top of the cylinder, and the liquid to be raised, to a higher
level below it. The movable portion of the supply tube i which is carried by the..
piston, has now been pressed telescopically within the fixed portion of the supply
tube g and around the hanging wire or oil supply regulator m, thus creating or
offering a greater resistance to the passage of the oil, when the spring is at its
fullest tension, or when it is giving out its greatest power, after having been com-.
pressed and then liberated; so that as the spring's tension 'diminishes by elongation,.
on the consumption of oil, so the resistance to the passage of the. oil upwards is.
lessened proportionally, by the sliding lower passage i being more or less removed.
from the fixed passage g by the lower position of the piston. The position of the
piston and spring always determines and regulates the amount of passage, so that.
only a definite quantity of oil shall flow therethrough to the wick chamber.
After the compression of the spring by the winding up, the piston reacts upon
the liquid underneath it by the compression of the spring. The yielding or flexible
sides of the piston being pressed forcibly against the inner sides of the piston with.
such a pressure as to prevent the liquid from escaping back; therefore the only,
escape for the liquid, is up the movable tube i, and between and around the fixed
tube and the hanging rod m and thence through the tube g? to the wick
chamber h, as seen in figure 2, where oil from under the piston is being raised
from a lower to a higher level by the force of the spring acting upon the upper
side of the piston. All superfluous oil not consumed in the wick chamber, after
attaining a certain level, passes or flows down the overflow g³ into the pillar e, and,
thence passes through openings in the neck of the cup c of the cylinder a, into
the said cylinder above the piston as represented in figure 1, ready again to be
displaced on the next winding up of the lamp.
During the act of winding up, the piston tube i is sliding as before described.
into the conductor tube g, and through the gland at the bottom thereof; and as the
rack rises, it lifts the weighted indicator f. f. This indicator determines at all
times the exact position which the piston occupies within the cylinder, and con-
sequently the amount of oil that has been consumed, or whether the oil reservoir
requires to be refilled. When full, the indicator stands at the top of the slot in the
pillar, and when empty, at the bottom.
The constant regulator i, g and m can be adjusted so as to accommodate itself
to varying spring pressures, so that no more oil than is actually wanted shall be
forced to the wicks. The rod m is kept in position by the screw m³, and by means
of this rod, the resistance to the flow of liquid is increased in just that proportion
as the power of the spring is increased by winding up and vice-versa. Should the.
liquid be a thick or heavy oil, the rod may have a flat, filed from its side to allow
for sufficient passage; but for paraffin oil, the regulator rod is made to fit the tube
so long as it does not bind itself therein.
Figure 17 sheet 3, represents an elevation of the lamp figures 1 and 2.
arms
The side
or supplementary burners A B are to represent the application of my.
invention to a double burner or double armed bracket lamp. Figure 18 shows in
horizontal section the junction piece for two lights, and figure 19 is a section of;
-

page_text: the same, both being shown on a larger scale. The junction piece described,- is
screwed onto the pillar tube, and a screw plug slightly concaved on the inner side
is screwed onto the top of the said junction piece so as to leave á small cavity for
the supply of liquid by way of the inlet 8 and the bracket arms w screwed into the
outlets t, t, the liquid will pass out along the tubes ww and up through the tube w³
by way of the said inlet and outlets, s't t, into the wick chamber x which is fully
shown in section on the left. The overflow is then conducted through the tube y y²
and thence back to the cylinder z; the right-hand side of the burner is shown in
elevation, and the left in section. The front elevation of the lamp shows the slot
which is marked 1 wherein the stem of the indicator 2 moves.
Figure 20 is a plan of the cylinder. Figure 21 sheet 3, represents a two light
hanging lamp or chandelier constructed according to my invention, which may be
fitted with any number of lights desired. This lamp differs in no essential respect
from the fore-going already described, the only difference being in the arrangement
of the tubes, so as to bring the burners as low down as possible. In this arrange-
ment the liquid on leaving the junction piece, flows down the tubes 3, 3, and fills
the supply cistern or chambers 4, 4, the overflow of which, is conducted along the
tubes 5, 5 into the cup 6 and thence to the cylinder 7, ready to be again lifted by
the winder 8.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First The improvements in lamps herein before described and set forth in
figures 1 to 16 both inclusive of the accompanying Drawings; whereby oil is raised
in a determinate and constant quantity from a lower to a higher level; that is, oil
is raised from a storage reservoir and delivered to the wicks or wick chamber of
the lamp in a constant and regulated fatio to the quantity to be burned, by means
of mechanical arrangements consisting of a piston, acted upon by a spring under
compression; the reaction of the spring forcing the liquid under the piston to the
wicks or wick chamber in a regulated quantity through a tube or channel moving
with the piston and sliding telescopically within a fixed tube and around a fixed
regulator rod hanging from the wick chamber; the piston being raised and the
spring compressed by a rack and pinion and the quantity of oil remaining within
the storage chamber determined by a rising and falling indicator partaking of the
motion of the piston, the lamp and parts connected therewith being constructed,
combined, and operating in the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein-
before described and set forth.
Secondly-The thin edged cupped piston, carrying the movable supply tub
and rack raising rod; oil being raised from a lower to a higher level by means of.
a spring under tension pressing upon the upperside of the inverted cupped piston,
which latter works within an oil reservoir or container, and when forcing, acts
directly upon the column of liquid beneath it; but when raised for the compression
of the spring, the thin edges yield and allow oil on the upper side of the piston to
pass or flow to the undersidé to be forced or raised from the base of the lamp
to a higher level as described and set forth.
.
Thirdly-The principle of forcing or raising oil from the underside of the piston,
while the upper side constitutes the reserve chamber into which superfluous oil
collects and is stored as described and set forth.
Fourthly-Regulating and controlling a determinate flow of oil to the wicks
or wick chamber by increasing or decreasing the resistance in the oil passage
consequent upon the spring's varying force; by making the conducting tube carried
by the piston, slide telescopically within a fixed tube and around a fixed rod, with
or without cut away parts. The resistance being increased or decreased consequent
upon the spring's varying force, which is thus compensated for by the tubes working
each other and around a ród as described and illustrated.
Fifthly The indicator arrangement whereby the amount of liquid under the
action of the working piston is determined and known. The indicator also

page_text: determines when rewinding is necessary and the extent of winding required, as set
forth.
Sixthly The general arrangement and combination of the parts of lamps.
constructed herein before described and illustrated in figures 1 and 2 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Seventhly :- -Constructing arranging and combining the parts of lamps herein-
before described and illustrated in figures 17 and 21 of the accompanying
Drawings.