matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF AGENTS FOR GIVING OR RESTORING COLOUR TO OR IMPROVING THE APPEARANCE OF THE HUMAN HAIR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bramwell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1874.
I, GEORGE BRAMWELL, of the Junior Army and Navy Club, Pall
Mall, in the City of Westminster, Captain in the Bombay Staff Corps,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PRODUCTION OF AGENTS FOR GIVING OR RESTORING COLOUR TO OR IMPROVING
THE APPEARANCE OF THE HUMAN HAIR," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the obtaining of an agent for giving or
restoring colour to grey or faded human hair, or for improving its
appearance without in any way affecting the strength or durability of
the hair or the health of the person to whose hair the agent is applied.
An essential advantage of my Invention is that the agents which I
employ do not contain lead, mercury, nor nitrate of silver, nor other
substance likely to cause paralysis or lead poisoning, or act otherwise
detrimentally on the hair or the constitution. No metallic lustre nor
unpleasant odour is produced.

page_text: I have discovered that salts of iron by their capability of absorbing
quantities of oxygen from the atmospheric air act on the human hair in
combination with the oxygen in such manner as to restore or give colour
to the hair without detrimentally affecting the structure of the hair or
the physical constitution, and by combining a salt of iron with a
substance which helps to prevent iron from staining the skin or scalp,
such as a salt of zinc, an excellent agent is obtained for carrying out the
purposes of the Invention.
In carrying out my Invention practically I propose to employ a salt
of iron and a salt of zinc or other chemical which does not tend to stain ]
the skin, and these salts I dissolve in water:
I usually recommend in carrying out the Invention the employment
of a protoxide of iron, especially the sulphate of protoxide of iron, and
this together with sulphate of zinc I dissolve in distilled or otherwise
purified water.
-
The following formula may be used with advantage in certain cases,-
30 grains sulphate of protoxide of iron,
20 grains sulphate of zinc,
20 fluid ounces distilled water.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEED AND MANURE DRILLS OR DISTRIBUTORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Saunders Gregory at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th February 1874.
I, HENRY SAUNDERS GREGORY, of Taunton, in the County of Somer-
set, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SEED AND MANURE DRILLS OR DISTRIBUTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in drills or seed sowing
machines or distributors, and has more particularly to do with lifting
and pressing the levers.
My improvements comprise the combining these two operations with
arrangements for throwing the box out of gear, and fixing the tails of
levers at equal distances apart, as herein-after set forth.
The lifting is effected by either a single or double bar (jointed or not
in the centre) placed across the tails of the levers, and connected to them
by hooks, staples, or other fastening. To this bar is attached two or
more upright rods either by a double or single joint or slot hole. These
rods at the other end being attached to arms or brackets extending from
a bar fixed on the frame of the drill, parallel with the bar on tails of

page_text: levers. To this bar is attached a notched or ratchet wheel, and above
this on the frame of the drill or in other suitable position is fixed a
double arm or catch, which as the levers are raised, works into the wheel
and prevents their dropping; or on being reversed acts in like manner
for the pressing. To this bar is also attached (by its passing through
the centre) a circular or other convenient shaped plate, on one side of
which is an unequal sided cam, and on the opposite raised catches.
Over the bar on the catch side is placed a jointed handle which turns
loosely; this is kept in position by a spring and thus acts upon the
notches or catches in lifting or pressing; both of these operations being
accomplished principally by the arm and irons and manner of fixing.
The box is thrown in and out of gear by an intermediate wheel fixed on a
lever working over the unequal sided cam, and kept tight against it by a
spring or weight.
To render my apparatus useful as a manure distributor, I apply
springs to a manure box on a drill for sowing the manure.
my
In conclusion I may remark that an important point in Invention
is being able to press the levers with the same appliance as they are
raised with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John O'Connell Cave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1874.
I, JOHN O'CONNELL CAVE, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County of
Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improved arrangements whereby
great facility in driving bicycles combined with additional safety to the
rider is obtained as compared with the methods of construction previously
adopted. The bicycle is constructed with a large or driving wheel and
a smaller or steering wheel, a seat or saddle being mounted by means of
suitable arrangements between such wheels for the rider, who sits with
his back to the driving wheel. Oranks are fixed to each end of the axle
of the driving wheel, which cranks are respectively connected by means
of bars or bands with crank treadles, which are mounted in suitable
bearings in a bar, the hinder end of which is fixed to the centre of the
driving wheel and worked by the feet of the rider.

page_text: The crank treadles are capable of being adjusted with reference to
their height above the ground, in order to suit the requirements of the
rider, by means of apertures formed at intervals in the before-mentioned
bar (upon which the seat or saddle is fixed), and through which the axle
of the crank treadles can be passed. Or instead of the crank trcadles
being adjusted in the manner last mentioned, the bar may be provided
with a slot through which the axle of the treadles is passed, the same
being fixed in any desired part thereof by means of screws, as will be
well understood.
The seat or saddle is placed at such an elevation as to enable the rider
readily to touch the ground with his feet, thus facilitating the starting
and affording great safety in riding, especially in cases in which the
bicycle is used by ladies or children.
Instead of employing the crank axle to the driving wheel as before-
mentioned, a drum or roller rotating with the wheel may be used, one or
more endless bands being passed over the same and over fixed drums
attached to the crank treadles, which latter upon being actuated by the
rider cause the driving wheel to revolve.
The steering wheel may be guided by means of reins or by any other
suitable and well-known means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING METALS BY SUBJECTING THEM TO THE ACTION OF GASES OR VAPOURS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Townsend Kirkwood and
Wade Hampton Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th February 1874.
We, JOHN TOWNSEND KIRKWOOD, of Ireton House, Cheltenham, in
the County of Gloucester, Gentleman, and WADE HAMPTON SMITH, of
Edgbaston, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING METALS BY SUBJECTING THEM TO THE ACTION OF GASES OR VAPOURS, AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to a method of treating metals, by subjecting
them to the action of gas or vapor obtained by the admixture of
vegetable carbon and hydrochloric or nitrous or nitric acid, combined in
some cases with coal gas.
In carrying out our improvements we place the hydrochloric acid in
one chamber, the wood naptha or vegetable carbon in another chamber,
and nitric acid in another chamber. The gases or vapors from these
respective chambers are capable of being conducted together or separately
into a passage through which a current of atmospheric air is caused to

page_text: flow, so that the atmospheric air alone or combined with any or all of
these gases in any required proportions may be conducted to the con-
verter or other vessel containing the molten metal, or any or all of these
gases or vapours may be forced into the converter or other vessel referred
to uncombined with atmospheric air. Or the gases or vapours, as
described in the Provisional Specification of Letters Patent applied for
by us on this 18th of February, 1874, may be employed to operate on the
molten metal.
Im- PROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John O'Connell Cave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1874.
I, JOHN O'CONNELL CAVE, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County of
Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of
apparatus in which the combined agencies of air and water are employed
in a perfectly automatic manner for the purpose of obtaining a con-
tinuous motive power, capable of being applied to a great variety of
useful purposes.
A large tube formed of india-rubber or of any other suitable water-
proof and air-tight material or materials is so constructed as to constitute
an endless tubular band, by preference of a circular section, although
other forms may be used. The interior of the tubular band thus formed
is divided into and consists of a series of chambers, which chambers are
respectively filled alternately with water and air. Two cylinders or

page_text: drums, which are provided with grooves on their peripheries, are
mounted in bearings one above the other at a suitable distance. A
vertical tank filled with water is fixed in juxtaposition to the portions of
the apparatus previously mentioned. The tubular band is placed over
the before mentioned grooved cylinders or drums in the grooves on the
peripheries thereof, and is so arranged as to enter the before mentioned
water tank at the lower part thereof, and to pass through the water
therein contained. The air contained in the air chambers of that part
of the tubular band which is immersed in the water tank necessarily
exerts a lifting power by reason of its specific gravity being less than
that of the water, whilst the gravity of the water in the water chambers
is balanced by that of the water in the tank. The other portion of the
tubular band which is suspended in the air has a downward motion or
tendency imparted to it by the weight or specific gravity of the water
contained in the water chambers. It will thus be seen that a continuous
automatic motion of the cylindrical band over the before mentioned
cylinders or drums is produced by the ascending and descending power
of the air and water chambers respectively consequent upon their
respective specific gravities, motive power being thus obtained which
can be applied to various useful purposes, as will be well understood by
persons conversant with such matters.
Instead of water being used to fill the chambers of the tubular band,
sand, shot, or any other material or materials of sufficient weight may
be employed. A single wheel or cylinder, instead of the two cylinders
or drums before mentioned, may be used, one half or part of its diameter
being laterally immersed or submerged. Such wheel or cylinder with
its air and water chambers may be constructed of metal or of any other
suitable material or materials.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC COUPLER AND BUFFER FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Chessbrough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th August 1874.-A communication from abroad by Old-
know Pooley, of Buffalo, in the State of New York, United States
of America.
I, FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15,
Water. Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED AUTOMATIC COUPLER AND BUFFER FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK," to be
as follows (a communication):
--
This Invention relates to an automatic coupler and buffer for railway
rolling stock, and consists of a central buffer made with a bevelled edge
and having a groove or recess on its upper surface. On the top and at
one side thereof there is hinged a hook or grapple with a bevelled edge
so made that it will run up the bevelled edge before mentioned of a
buffer, and grapple-the same by taking into the groove or recess on the
surface thereof, remaining firm by its own weight. The hook is pro-

page_text: vided with a chain actuated by a suitable system of levers and rods for
raising and disconnecting.
Railway carriages, cars, waggons, and other rolling stock upon being
pushed together the hooks will grapple and remain fast to the respective
buffers, and by the use of the lever and chains attached the same may
be uncoupled, thus dispensing with the dangerous practice of men
having to go between the carriages or waggons to couple and uncouple
the same.
In goods waggons the apparatus acts as its own buffer, it
may be fitted as a spring buffer or cushion buffer of any suitable
description. In goods waggons it is preferred that there should be
room for play for the grappling hooks to assist the engine starting a
goods train.
With passenger carriages the ordinary buffers are required, and by
compression when they are coupled the cars are held quite fast and
steady.
In some instances the grappling hooks may be on the side buffers, or
they may be hinged to the carriage or waggon and merely grapple on to
the buffer, the buffers being made in all cases with a suitable bevelled
edge and a groove to allow the hooks to automatically grapple.
An automatic coupler and buffer according to this Invention is par-
ticularly applicable to packing up or forming trains, and can be used
independently or in conjunction with the ordinary chain couplings or
screw couplings.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF BLEACHING ANIMAL GLUE OF ALL KINDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antonio Muzzarelli at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
January 1874.
I, ANTONIO MUZZARELLI, of No. 82, Boulevart Sébastopol, in the City
of Paris, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF BLEACHING ANIMAL GLUE OF ALL KINDS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce white animal glues by
bleaching, such glues being produced from animal skins, more especially
those of rabbits.
Although animal glues are so largely used in the arts and industries,
there are few but vegetable glues that are white, and up to the present
time the attempts to bleach glues made from animal skins have failed,
especially those from rabbit skins (just now so much sought after), the
shades produced being more or less yellowish or dirty grey. This
drawback has been the cause of the use of the vegetable glues in
dressing white tissues, although the white animal glue would be far
preferable.

page_text: To obviate these defects the modus operandi is as follows:-When the
glue is prepared and decanted in tubs a solution of sulphate of soda is
poured into the moulds and is mixed with a spatula, so as to make a
uniform mixture; a solution of acetate of lead is then added, which pro-
duces a fine precipitate of sulphate of lead. It is then allowed to cool,
and the whiteness of the jelly will be proportionate to the admixture of
sulphate or acetate.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING NOSING MOTION FOR MULES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Drabble at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1874.-Partly a communication from abroad by William
Crighton, of Fall River, Massachusetts, one of the United States of
America.
I, JOHN DRABBLE, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SELF-ACTING NOSING MOTION FOR MULES," that it is partly a
communication to me from abroad by William Crighton, of Fall River,
Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, and is partly the
result of my own Invention, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of a nosing motion, which
shall self-actingly adjust itself as the cops are built upon the spindles,
and thus dispense with the necessity of the attendant having to alter the
position of the nose peg, and consists in securing the nose peg upon a
double lever arm mounted upon a stud situated at the upper extremity
of the usual radial arm, and the shorter arm of which double lever is
connected by means of a short connecting rod to a nut working upon a
screw. This screw is fitted with a star wheel, against which a spring

page_text: catch or paul secured to the mule carriage comes in contact every time
such carriage commences its return motion towards the beam, and thus
such screw is turned a portion of a revolution, and the nose peg is
proportionately depressed for every return movement of the mule
carriage. I prefer to secure the spring catch to a loose collar upon the
building faller shaft, and to arrange such loose collar somewhat similar to
a clutch box on one side, so that the counterpart of the clutch box which
is secured rigidly upon the same shaft is so timed as only to come in
contact with the loose collar when the cops have been sufficiently built
to render it desirable that the nosing motion shall come into play.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE TONGS AND CUTTERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Benson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1874.-A communication from abroad by Franklin
Theophilus Ferguson, of Boston, State of Massachusetts, United
States of North America.
I, MARTIN BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PIPE TONGS AND CUTTERS," a communication to me from abroad by
Franklin Theophilus Ferguson, of Boston, State of Massachusetts,
United States of North America, to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in the manner of constructing and adjusting
the jaws of the tongs for any sized pipes for uniting or screwing them
together or apart, and also constructing the tongs for cutting pipes of
any required size.
.
5
The first part of the Invention is accomplished by providing the
stationary jaw of the tongs with a slot, this slot is furnished with a
sliding adjustable block or hinge of metal to which the adjustable jaw is
attached to the front part of the block usually by a hinge shaped joint,

page_text: or any other analegous form of joint may be used for uniting the
adjustable jaw to the block. The screw for adjusting the jaw passes
through the end of the slot made in the stationary jaw, and is made to
act on the back end of the block for adjusting the jaws together or apart
as may be required to suit any size pipe. The end of the adjusting
screw may simply press on the hinge block without being attached to
the block, or if desired a recess may be bored into the back end of the
block for receiving the end of the screw and held there by a pin, but in
the meantime leave the end of the screw free to revolve in the block, by
thus uniting the screw and block the adjustable jaw of the tongs may
at all times be held stationary and adjusted to the stationary jaw to suit
any size pipe. The hing block will be held in the slot by flanges on each
side or end of it to prevent it slipping out of the slot.
The second part of the improvement is constructing the tongs for
cutting pipes. One method of doing this is by providing the adustable
jaw with a suitable shaped cutter or wheel usually employed for cutting
pipes. The cutter or wheel is fit into the end of the adjustable jaw, and
may be held there by a pin, screw, or wedge as the case may be.
Or instead of combining the cutter with the adjustable jaw usually
employed for screwing pipes together, an independent jaw may be
employed and specially constructed for cutting pipes, and united to the
hinge block in the slot in the manner before stated for adjusting the
jaws together or apart to suit any size pipe required to be cut.
The tongs may be made of iron, steel, or malable cast metal, and the
working part properly hardened to prevent undue wearing by use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM SHIPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Page at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1874.
I, THOMAS PAGE, of the Reform Club, Pall Mall, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in relation to steam ships have for their object the
attainment of a higher rate of speed than that ordinarily acquired in
ocean steam ships, together with greater freedom from rolling. And
these improvement consist,―
Firstly. In an improved form of hull, which I designate a corru-
gated hull, being divided longitudinally into several compartments
having intermediate spaces or channels between them, forming one
combined body or ship, by which arrangement rolling is comparatively
precluded.
Secondly. I adapt to the foregoing body or hull suitable propellers,
having by preference direct or rectilineal action in the line of and con-
trary to the ship's motion, such propellers being so attached to the

page_text: vibrating or other actuating frame in which they are suspended as to
assume on their retrogression nearly a horizontal position, thus offering
only a minimum resistance or impediment to the vessel's progress. These
propellors are placed out of the direct current of the water passing the
ship, being mounted and worked in recesses formed in the sides of the
hull, whereby they will work in comparatively eddying water.
Thirdly. By the substitution of the locomotive class of engines for the
ordinary marine engines I obtain comparatively light motors having a
very high velocity, so that I can without inconvenience obtain a speed
of 25 to 30 miles per hour, or more if desired, without the intervention
of multiplying gear. Ships possessing a high rate of speed are pre-
eminently adapted for the conveyance of passengers only and mails,
such high speed being incompatible with the conveyance of merchandize,
as charging the freight with excessive cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES TO BE EMPLOYED AS TRIMMINGS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF.
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Büsche at the
⚫Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1874.
I, AUGUSTUS BÜSCHE, Lace and Braid Manufacturer, of Schwelm, in
the Kingdom of Prussia, but at present of No. 6, Southampton
Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES TO BE EMPLOYED
AS TRIMMINGS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF.'
"
This Invention relates to trimmings such as velvet, braid, ribbon, or
galoon, and consists in the combination of a mixture of filaments arising
from vegetable and animal matters, such as cotton, silk, wool, worsted,
and other yarns, rovings, silvers, or threads, woven, spun, or twisted with
fibres of silver, gold, steel, copper, brass, or other metallic threads, either
singly or in conjunction, such threads when desired being stained, dyed,
or otherwise coloured to suit or harmonize with the colour of the velvet,
These metallic threads
braid, ribbon, or galoon as the case may be.
which are employed as woof are woven, spun, or twisted over thick warp
threads, which latter are withdrawn when the material leaves the loom,

page_text: so that the surface of the substance appears hollow ribbed in its
length.
The combination of the mixture forming the ensemble of the filament
which is to form the tissue is simple, the principal or warp threads con-
sisting of animal or vegetable matters employed singly or in conjunction
is spun, woven, or twisted with a woof of metallic threads of any
description, nature, or shade, whether in its original state or coloured in
suchwise that by the special application of this thread in the manu-
facture the result is the production of velvets, ribbons, galoons, or
braids of such a characteristic brilliancy as to display and imitate that
of jet, or even morsels of diamonds, hence I propose to name, it
"diamond velvet," its best effects will be seen by gas, lamp, or any
artificial light.
It will be fully understood that mr Invention more he amplored to
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PURPOSES OF RECREATION
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Weems at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
May 1874.
I, JOHN WEEMS, of Walkinshaw Street, Johnstone, in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PURPOSES OF RECREATION,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention which relates to a new or improved machine for
purposes of recreation at places of public resort, consists of a system of
wheel work arranged beneath a circular, oval, or oblong horizontal plat-
form or guides. Grooves are formed in the platform or guides which
intersect one another in a curved form after the manner of a succession
of the figure eight. In these grooves or guides carriages are placed
which are free to move in the curved grooves, and they are traversed
throughout the series by carriers on the wheels below which act upon
studs at the under side of the several carriages. The carriages are

page_text: provided with chairs or other seats or lounges for the reception of
persons.
The mechanism being set in motion the persons are carried round the
series of curves, and are so enabled to inspect from every point of view
the objects of amusement or ornament.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROUGHING PIECES FOR HORSE-SHOES, AND IN THE METHOD OF ADAPTING THE SAME THERETO
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Swainson
and George Dover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th September 1874.
We, GEORGE FREDERICK SWAINSON, of Horton House, Camden Road,
and GEORGE DOVER, of Esther Place, Upper Holloway, both in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROUGHING PIECES FOR HORSE-SHOES, AND IN THE METHOD
OF ADAPTING THE SAME THERETO," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in an improved method of adapting roughing
pieces to horse-shoes to prevent horses from slipping.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings shows the means by which we
propose to construct and adapt roughing pieces to horse-shoes.

page_text: In each of the above Figures similar letters are used to denote corre-
sponding parts.
The roughing piece shown at Figures 1 and 2 is made by preference
of tempered steel, and as represented in the Figures, the part A being
-straight and of a dovetailed shape at B. This dovetail should be made 5
taper as shown in the plan, Figure 1, for the purpose hereafter
described.
The shoe has dovetailed mortices cut out from the solid metal, and
suitably situated as at C, C¹, C", C; these dovetailed mortices are also
made taper, the widest part being on the outside of the shoe.
The dovetailed part of the roughing pieces are driven home into the
mortices aforesaid, and owing to their taper shape will not be liable to
come out.
These roughing pieces can be easily replaced when worn out, and thus
not the smooxing nut of the shoo
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the. 24th
January 1874. _A communication from abroad by Thomas
Schoenberger Blair, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of
America.
I, JOHN IMRAY, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
"
This Invention relates to means of utilising the heat escaping from
furnaces, which unless when regenerators are employed is ordinarily
wasted.
It
Regenerators are usually applied to furnaces in such a manner as to
recover for each furnace a portion of the heat escaping from the furnace
itself, a system which involves considerable complication of structure.
is the object of this Invention to avoid such complication by the arrange-
ment of two or more furnaces in juxtaposition with regenerative chambers
connected to the furnaces in such a manner that the waste heat of one of

page_text: the furnaces serves to heat the gas, or air, or both the gas and the air
supplied to another of the furnaces. For this purpose when two
furnaces are to be so arranged they are by preference placed back to
back with their working doors on the exposed sides or fronts, and a
regenerative chamber of any known construction and arrangement at
each end. The flame issuing from the one furnace being passed through
the one regenerative chamber is thus employed to heat the supply of the
other furnace and conversely. When a number of furnaces are to be
thus worked they are preferably arranged in a circle presenting their
working doors outside with regenerative chambers arranged inside the
circle, each such chamber being connected with the outlet of one furnace
and the inlet of the next, so that the outgoing flame of the one serves to
heat the supply of the other. A number of furnaces may however be
arranged in a line with their working doors presented on one side and
regenerative chambers provided on the other side, each regenerator
receiving the outgoing flame of one furnace and heating the supply to
the next furnace in order. According to this arrangement the products
of combustion from the last of the row of furnaces would escape to
waste, and the supply to the first of the row would not be heated by
regenerative action.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1874.
I, RICHARD WILKINSON, of Saltaire, in the County of York, Mill-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in coupling railway
carriages and trucks. By the ordinary method the porters and other
employes are necessitated to go in between the carriages or trucks, when
they are subject to danger of life or limb.
The object of this Invention is to avoid the necessity of porters or
other employes stepping in between the carriages or trucks when the
same are required to be coupled or uncoupled, thus reducing the number
of casualties from this cause on railways or tramways. I accomplish
these advantages in the following manner: -To the present or ordinary
coupling hook at each end of the carriage or truck I connect by means
of a pin or bolt and nut almost close to the carriage or truck one end of
a pair of links or side rods, one placed at each side of the coupling hook ;
to the other end of the links or side rods is attached a balanced link,

page_text: having the link end or the part that couples to the common coupling
hook a little heavier than the other end; the same is centred on a pin
passing through balanced hook and side rods. At each end and at the
under side of the buffers I place a shaft which revolves in brackets fixed
to under side, or in any other convenient part of the carriage or truck; on
one or both ends of the said shaft is fixed a lever working in a quadrant,
in which are a number of notches or holes for keeping levers in position
in the centre of the said shaft, or opposite to the side rods or links is
keyed a lever or tappet of sufficient length, so that in turning the
outside lever the tappet lifts up side rods or links until the top end of
balanced link falls into coupling hook in end of carriage or truck; when
in that position reverse the outside lever and secure it in quadrant notch
so as to relieve tappet from side rods, then the balanced link is perfectly
safe in coupling hook, and cannot come out until lifted out by means of
outside lever and tappet before named.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SILK OR OTHER FIBRES FOR COMBING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas O'Hara, Thomas Henry
Kenyon Lees, and Wilkinson Jackson at the Office of the Com.
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th July 1874.
We, THOMAS O'HARA, THOMAS HENRY KENYON LEES, and WILKIN-
SON JACKSON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Silk Combers and
Spinners, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SILK OR OTHER FIBRES FOR COMBING," to be as
follows:
This Invention relates to the process of and means or apparatus to be
used in preparing silk and other fibres for combing.
We first employ an ordinary "filling engine" into which the silk or
other fibre is introduced and there straightened. It is thence taken off
in tufts by "books" or nipping instruments, and introduced to a coarse
toothed rotating card drum which operates on the projecting fringe of
the tufts of fibre. After being thus operated upon these tufts are taken
from the "books" and put through a "spreader" gill-box which forms
them into a lap, and this lap is thence passed through one or more

page_text: ordinary gill boxes which forms it into a sliver, which is afterwards
balled in the usual manner ready for combing. A series of such drums
as aforesaid are employed and mounted on a framework capable of
rotating or being moved so as to bring each drum into contact with the
fringe of fibres in the books (as and when required), each of which
drums forms a lap of the fibre (and the noil is abstracted from the pro-
jecting fringe), and such laps are thence taken off and passed through a
series of gill boxes in succession, which straighten the fibres and forms
the same into a sliver, which is afterwards balled in the usual manner
ready for combing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOSPHATE SALTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Honry Young Darracott Scott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd July 1874.
I, HENRY YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex, Major-General, O.B., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOSPHATE SALTS,"
to be as follows — -
The object of this Invention is the preparation of phosphate salts
suitable for the extraction of ammoniacal compounds and for the manu-
Ofacture of manure.
In carrying out my Invention I take phosphatic substances (by
preference such natural phosphates of alumina and iron as are richest
in phosphoric acid), and I reduce them to a powder, or in order to
facilitate their solution in acid I previously roast them and then reduce
them to powder. I digest the powder thus obtained with hydrochloric
or sulphuric acid, or with a mixture of the two; the use of sul-
phuric acid being advisable when there is much lime present in the
phosphate employed. To the solution thus obtained I add magnesia,

page_text: produced as herein-after described, or derived from any other source,
and thus neutralize the acids present.
The resulting compounds are employed to fix the ammonia of urinous
and other ammoniacal liquids, such as gas liquor. The ammoniacal
substances thus produced aro with advantage treated with sulphuric 5
acid to fix the ammonia more securely and render the phosphoric acid
more soluble.
If sulphuric acid has been employed in the digestion of the phosphatic
substances sulphate of magnesia is obtained in solution and can be
used for the production of Epsom salts; and when hydrochloric acid is 1
used the hydrochloric acid can be recovered and be made to not on
fresh portions of the phosphatic substances.
As a source of magnesia I sometimes employ chloride of magnesium,
which is a waste product, and from which I expel the acid present by
heat, and thus obtained hydrochloric acid to be used in digesting fresh 1
portions of the phosphate salts; or I add hydrochloric acid to dolomitic
lime when this substance can be very cheaply obtained. This is done
in the proportions necessary to dissolve only the lime of the compound
and to leave the magnesia undissolved or precipitated. Or, again, I add
to the dolomite or dolomitic lime a sufficient quantity of the waste 2
liquor derived from the bleaching process to neutralizo the limo in it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUCKING ATTACHMENTS FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Massie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1874.-A communication from abroad by James Franklin
Kellogg, of the Village of Oshawa, in the County of Ontario, and
Province of Ontario, Canada.
'
I, JAMES MASSIE, presently residing at the Victoria Hotel, in the City
of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TUCKING ATTACHMENTS FOR SEWING MACHINES," the same being a communi-
cation to me from abroad by James Franklin Kellogg, of the Village of
Oshawa, in the County of Ontario, and Province of Ontario, Canada, to
be as follows:
:-.
:-
The nature and novelty of the Invention consist as follows:-
First. In the peculiar construction of the bed piece (attachable to the
plate of the sewing machine) having two upward bent arms, the longer
one being provided with a bevelled slotted groove in which works the
adjustable outside gauge, and the other carrying the gauge rod, the
bent end of which slides inside the tuck folds of the material to be
tuck fo
sewed.

page_text: laterally and horizontally and spring vertically to smooth the cloth
passing under it, and by pinching cause its tendency to be towards the
gauge B while being fed thereto, so as to direct it in a straight course
to the needle; G. is an arm operated by the needle bar in a downward
direction, oscillating at its one end, where it is bent as a spindle, having
its bearings in ears I fixed to the end of the plate A. Around this said
bent spindle portion is entwined a spiral spring H, the ends engaging
with the arm and the opposite ear to cause the arm G to rise by the
tension of this spring during the ascent of the needle bar, a link G
having a slotted projection through which the needle passes connects
the arm to the needle bar. J is an elastic pad on the outer end of the.
arm G, so that when the same is brought down by the needle bar it
presses upon the several thicknesses of cloth passing over a raised sharp
edge K. fixed on the end of the arm a¹, and thus mark creases therein to
govern the succeeding tuck.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF SEALING LETTERS AND OTHER ENCLOSURES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mallinson Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1874..
I, WILLIAM MALLINSON HALL, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MEANS OF SEALING LETTERS AND OTHER ENCLOSURES," to be as
follows :-
My Invention consists in providing a ready and convenient means of
sealing letters and other enclosures, or for similar purposes.
Hitherto in using sealing wax for sealing a parcel, for instance, it has
generally been necessary to make use of a candle or gas flame which
requires to be ignited in the first place, and in any case affords but an
inconvenient and cumbrous means of melting the wax, inasmuch as it
involves the use of articles other than the wax itself, which are not
always at hand. Moreover in transferring the stick of wax from the
flame to the point where the seal is to be applied the hot wax is very
liable to drop and cause damage..

page_text: Now my Invention consists in providing a self-contained means of
igniting and melting the wax, for which purpose I provide a small
quantity of wax, enough for, say, one or two seals on the end of a small
stick or stem of wood or other material, and tip the same with a com-
position capable of being ignited by friction such as that used for
matches, the whole having in effect the appearance of a Vesuvian fusee.
The stick or stem may be tipped at both ends with the wax, and
ignitable composition if desired, and the wax may be applied by dipping
or moulding, as in the manufacture of Vesuvians.
A NEW MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PRESERVING EVERY KIND OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Adalbert Herman
Lindemann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 18th May 1874.
I, CHARLES ADALBERT HERMANN LINDEMANN,. M.D., of Manchester,
136, Radnor, Street, Hulme, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW MEANS TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR PRESERVING EVERY KIND OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the discovery made by me of the antiseptic
properties of boric acid and its compounds, which protect every kind
of organic matter against decay, and is to be employed for the following
purposes of 1) preserving fresh meat, blood, and its components like
albumen and fibrin; of 2) embalming corpses; of 3) protecting textile
tissues against mildew; of 4) curing and preventing contagious and
miasmatic diseases.
For the first purpose the animal is suddenly killed by felling,
thoroughly bled and injected with a solution of one part of boric acid in
ten parts of cold water. After half an hour the animal is skinned and

page_text: ·
gutted, and the carcase is placed into a tin box or wooden cask which is
then filled
up with boric acid in powder and shut; or it is cut into
pieces which are placed into tin boxes or wooden casks containing a
solution of one part of boric acid in twenty parts of cold water, blood; or
the albumen and fibrin extracted therefrom are placed into the same 5
solution and the casks then shut up..
For preserving pieces of meat during only three weeks quite fresh it is
sufficient to rub them over with boric acid in powder, and to hang them
up in an airy room.
For the second purpose the corpse is injected with a solution of one 1
part of boric acid, two parts of carbolic acid, and seven parts of water or
alcool and coloured with some carmine.
For the third purpose the yarn or woven tissue is plunged into a bath
containing in hundred parts of water or size three parts of boric acid.
For the fourth purpose, from one drachm to two ounces of pure boric 1
acid dissolved in one pint of distilled water, or three ounces of alcool and
aromitised and sweetened to taste are to be taken daily in six doses
according to age and sex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robert Breckon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1874.
I, JOHN ROBERT BRECKON, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Colliery Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND IN THE MACHINERY
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing coke it has hitherto been customary to use only
bituminous coal. Now my Invention consists in manufacturing coko
of a mixture of bituminous coal and anthracite coal in about equal pro-
portions, or in different proportions according to the quality of the
coals used, or the purpose for which the coke is required. When the
coals are small or of the description known as "duff," "slack," or
"smudge," they do not require crushing, but when larger coals are used
they must be crushed or ground by passing between rollers, the axles of
which aro acted upon by springs which allow the rollers to yield when a
hard substance passes between them.

page_text: The machinery for mixing the different sorts of coal together consists
of a revolving screw in a horizontal cylinder. The mixed coal is lifted
by an endless chain of buckets into wagons which travel on rails laid on
the coke ovens.
The improved coke made of a mixture of anthracite and bituminous 5
coals, as described, is comparatively free from sulphur, and is therefore
particularly suitable for locomotive engines on the Metropolitan Railway,
and for manufacturing pig iron for Bessemer and other kinds of steel;
it also produces a more intense heat, and can be made at a less cost than
ordinary cokc.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COKE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Penrose, and William
Frederick Richards at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th September 1874.
We, WILLIAM PENROSE and WILLIAM FREDERICK RICHARDS, both of
Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COKE,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the production of coke, and consists in the
mixing or incorporating of anthracite or stone coal, or free burning
steam coal, or coal known as Staffordshire slack, or other non-cokeing
coals with bituminous coal or any other coal capable of making coke,
with pitch or tar, or with any form of tar or bitumen, mineral oils con-
taining bitumen, petroleum, or any of the waste products of petroleum,
such coal or coals being in a state of division. The mixture thus
produced is to be placed in any well-known form of oven or retort
commonly used for cokeing, and the surface is then to be covered with
a layer of bituminous coal or other bituminous matter.

page_text: In carrying out our Invention we cause the coals to be disintegrated (or
ground) by means of any well-known disintegrator, such for example as
the machine known as "Carr's disintegrator," and to such disintegrated
coals or mixtures of the same (by preference in a moist condition) we
add one or more of the above-named ingredients, viz., pitch, tar, or any
form of tar, bitumen, or mineral oils containing bitumen, vegetable oils
containing bitumen, petroleum, or any of the waste products of petroleum,
and we cause the same to be thoroughly mixed. When such mixture or
incorporation has been effected either by means of a disintegrator, or
pug mill, or other incorporating apparatus, the materials thus mixed are
to be introduced into a convenient retort, or any of the well-known
forms of cokeing ovens, for the purpose of being converted into coke,
and when placed in such oven or retort are to be covered with a layer of
bituminous coal or matter, bituminous coal being preferred. The pro-
portions in which the coals or mixtures of the same are to be employed,
together with one or more of the before-mentioned materials, will vary
according to the quality of the coal or coals, and the nature of the
bituminous matter employed.
We have found that good results may be obtained by employing from
about sixty. parts by weight of anthracite or stone coal of average good
quality to about thirty-four parts by weight of bituminous or cokeing
coal, and to about six parts by weight of pitch or ordinary coal tar.
The layer of bituminous coal we employ may vary from about four to
six inches in depth, but as we have before mentioned these proportions
and layers may be varied.