IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS, AND IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING FILES, AND FOR PLANING AND GROOVING IRON, STONE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Schwartzkopff, of Berlin, and Ferdinand Carl
Philippson, of Dusseldorf, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
HAMMERS, AND IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING FILES, AND FOR PLANING AND
GROOVING IRON, STONE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Schwartzkopff and
Ferdinand Carl Philippson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th July 1859.
We, LOUIS SCHWARTZKOPFF, of Berlin, and FERDINAND CARL PHILIPPSON,
of Dusseldorf, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS AND IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING FILES, AND FOR PLANING
AND GROOVING IRON, STONE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
In constructing a steam hammer according to this Invention in place of
the hammer block being on the end of the piston rod. and the piston rod
giving the blow directly to the material to be operated upon as in steam
hammers of the construction now usually employed, the piston rod gives the
blow to a movable block or piston, which carries the hammer block, or the
tool adapted to the special purpose in view, which moveable block or piston is
forced back after each blow by means of a spring to its original position. The
piston is moved the same distance for each blow, and in consequence always
gives equal blows to the hammer block or tool, and in order to be able to
adjust the effect of the blows upon the material under operation, the steam
cylinder, the piston, and the movable block are all carried by a sliding frame,
which slides in V grooves in the main frame, so that the sliding frame can be

page_text: raised or lowered by a lever handle or by other suitable means; by raising
or lowering the sliding frame, the tool holder is either raised off or brought
nearer to the material to be operated upon, and in consequence the effect of
the tool can be modified at the will of the workman, and the sliding frame
may also be raised, so that the tool does not touch the material under operation,
while at the same time the hammer may be kept, uninterruptedly in motion.
In order that the steam pipe which. admits steam to the valve box of the
cylinder may be moved up or down when the cylinder is moved, its end passes.
through a stuffing box in the top of a chamber in the upper part of the main
frame, into which chamber the steam is first admitted; the steam is admitted
to and shut off from the cylinder by a rotating valve, which is actuated by two
inclines (carried by a cross head attached to the piston rod), acting on a
projection on the spindle of the valve, and causing it to rotate. In arranging
apparatus constructed in this manner for cutting files, the main frame is
inclined so that the sliding frame moves on an inclined bed.
The file to be cut is held in a groove in a sliding table, which is moved
gradually past the cutting tool by means of a connecting rod jointed to the
valve rod actuating a ratchet wheel on the spindle of a screw, working in a
nut on the sliding table. The number of teeth passed at each blow may be
varied by varying the length of the connecting rod, while the depth of the cut
may be controlled by the lever, as before explained. At the lower part of the
main frame close to the cutting tool, there is a small friction roller for keeping
the file down upon the bed. When the apparatus is to be used for planing or
grooving the surfaces of stones or other substances, the hammer may either be
supplied with a rachet apparatus (similar to the apparatus applied to a stone
drill described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us on the 5th
November 1858, No. 2477), or it may be made simply to act in any direction.
while the material to be acted on is carried under the hammer on a table
movable by a screw or otherwise, or if the pieces to be operated upon are
very heavy, the table may be stationary, and the hammer and its frame self-
actingly moveable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Schwartzkopff and Ferdinand Carl Philippson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, LOUIS 35
SCHWARTZKOPFF, of Berlin, and FERDINAND CARL PHILIPPSON, of Duseldorf,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Louis Schwartzkopff and Ferdinand Carl Philippson, Her special
licence that we, the said Louis Schwartzkopff and Ferdinand Carl Philippson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Louis Schwartzkopff and Ferdinand Carl Philippson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS AND IN
MACHINES FOR CUTTING FILES, AND FOR PLANING AND GROOVING IRON, STONE,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Louis Schwartzkopff and Ferdinand Carl Philippson, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Carl Philippson, on behalf
of myself and the said Louis Schwartzkopf, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
In constructing a steam hammer according to this Invention the piston is
moved the same distance for cach blow, and in consequence always gives
equal blows to the hammer block or tool; and in order to be able to adjust
the effect of the blows upon the material under operation, the steam cylinder,
the piston with the hammer block, are all carried by a sliding frame which
slides in V grooves in the main frame, so that the sliding frame can be raised
or lowered by a lever handle or by any other suitable means; by raising or
lowering the sliding frame, the tool holder or piston is either raised off or
brought nearer to the material to be operated upon, and in consequence the effect
of the tool can be modified at the will of the workman, and the sliding frame
may also be raised, so that the tool does not touch the material under operation,
while at the same time the hammer may be kept uninterruptedly in motion.

page_text: In order that the steam pipe which admits steam to the valve box of the
cylinder may be moved up or down when the cylinder is moved, its end passes
through a stuffing box in the top of a chamber in the upper part of the main
frame, into which chamber the steam is first admitted. The steam is admitted
to and shut off from the cylinder by a rotating valve, which is actuated by two
inclines (carried by a cross head attached to the piston rod), acting on a pro-
jection on the spindle of the valve, and causing it to rotate.
EXPLANATION OF DRAWING No. 1.
The steam hammer.-Figures 1, 2, 3, a is the main frame, having cast to
it the base plate; b, the moveable slide block which carries the steam cylin-
der c, and the entire mechanical arrangement. Figures 1, 2, 4, d is the cast
steel piston and piston rod; e is a cross head fastened to the piston rod,
guided on one side by the sliding block b, and on the other by the standard i
(Figures 1, 2, 4). This cross head e carries on one side the double incline f
(Figures 1, 2, 4), which actuates the valve spindle in the following manner :-
On the valve rod h is fastened a projection or lever with a small friction roller
at its point, Figures 1, 2, 4; this roller inserted into the incline f necessitates
the projection g as well as tho spindle h (with its valve) to rotate at each up
and down stroke of the piston, in conformity to the shape of the incline.
Figures 1 and 2; k is a block fastened to the piston rod d, for receiving the
hammer block or tool adapted to the special purpose in view; 1 (Figures 1, 2),
is a lever handle for raising or lowering the slide b; m (Figures 1, 2), are
straps fastened to the lever handle and to the slide b; n, (Figures 1, 2), brake
lever to fix the hammer in any desired position. This lever has its fulcrum on
the lever l. o (Figures 1, 2), counterweight on lever n for balancing the
slide; p (Figures 1, 2), brake disc and its strap; r (Figure 1), an elastic
ring for regulating the counterbalance; 8 (Figure 2), shut-off valve for the
steam; t (Figures 1, 3), space for containing steam in the main frame of the
hammer from where the steam is admitted through the copper pipe u (Figures
1, 2), to the valve; v, bracket for the pipe (Figure 1).
When the apparatus is to be used for planing or grooving the surfaces of
the main frame is similaily constructed to that of
the larger descriptions of planing machines, with a vertically moveable
slide. This cross slide carries the steam hammer apparatus, which may thus
be moved in a horizontal direction across the article to be operated upon:
The material to be acted upon is carried under the hammer on a low carriage
moveable by a screw or otherwise. In applying the hammer for the above
purpose in place of the hammer block or tool, being on the end of the piston

page_text: rod, and the piston rod giving the blow directly to the material to be operated
upon as in the steam hammer on Drawing No. 1; the piston rod gives the
blow to a moveable block or piston which carries the tool adapted to the
special purpose. This moveable block or piston is forced back after each
stroke or blow by means of a spring to its original position. The object in
isolating the cutter or tool from the piston rod is to enable the tool holder
between each stroke to be turned partly round by a self-acting apparatus,,
which motion is essential for some descriptions of work. For roughing the
surfaces of stones, the hammer apparatus is placed in a slanting position
similarly to a tool box of a planing machine, the cutter touching the stone
under a sharp angle. For this particular operation the tool holder and tool is
prevented from being turned round by an inserted projection. When the
apparatus is in operation, either the hammer is moved horizontally across the
stone, or the latter moves under the hammer; either movement may be
effected by suitable gearing managed by the attendant. For finishing the
work the tool is placed in a perpendicular position, and allowed to turn partly
round after each blow, by which means the surface will be made perfectly
smooth. The shape to be given to the object under operation simply depends.
upon the form of the cutter employed. The following is an
"
EXPLANATION OF DRAWING No. 2.
"Apparatus for planing, &c., stones."-T (Figures 1, 2, 3), are the two
uprights, which are firmly connected by the piece X (Figures 2, 3), and
between which the entire mechanism slides vertically with the cross slide O
(Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). The cross slide O may be raised or lowered by means
of the hand wheel R (Figures 1, 2, 3), acting upon the two screw spindles S
(Figures 2, 3,) and the conical wheels Q and Q (Figures 1, 2, 3,) fastened
to the shaft Y (Figures 2, 3). The cross slide O carries the slide rest M,
which is horizontally moveable by the screw N (Figures 1, 2, 4, 5,) in con-
nection with conical wheels and crank. The slide rest M is provided with a
plate A (Figures 2, 4), which carries the hammer apparatus. The back of
the plate A has got a wrought-iron pivot K (Figure 4), which enables its
being turned in the slide rest M.
The hammer apparatus consists of (Figures 1, 2,) the cylinder B, piston
rod C, with the double incline D, the ratchet apparatus H fastened to the
rod E. The ratchet G actuated by the valve rod turns the ratchet wheel H
and the cutter. The tool holder is fastened to the rod E. The coverings F
(Figures 1, 2,) contain the springs for forcing back the piston after each blow.
to its original position. The screws L (Figures 1, 2,) serve to fix the hammer.

page_text: apparatus to the slide rest M. The carriage upon which the stone rests runs
on rails, and is supplied with a rack a (Figures 1, 2, 3), which is actuated by
a screw e (Figures 1, 2), fastened upon the shaft f; the shaft is turned by
means of the gearing i, k, and the hand wheel m.
In arranging the apparatus for cutting files, the action remains similar to
that of the apparatus for planing and grooving stones, with the exception of
the frame, and the appliances for moving the sliding table being specially
adapted to the work to be performed. The main frame is inclined so that
the sliding frame moves on an inclined bed. The piston rod strikes as in the
preceding machine upon a second rod, which holds the tool in a slanting
direction as required by the cut of the file. After each blow, the tool holder
is similarly forced back by means of a spring. In order to regulate the cut
as to depth, and to keep the slide always at an equal distance from the file
and to follow its different curves, the slide is provided with an adjustable prop
with friction roller, through which the entire weight of the slide rests upon
the file. The slide is also provided (as in the case of the forge hammer) with
a lever handle, so as to be able to raise the tool holder entirely off the file
during the action of the apparatus. The file to be cut is held in a groove in
a sliding table, which is moved gradually past the cutting tool by means of
the following self-acting arrangement. To the hammer frame is cast a small
steam cylinder with differential piston; to one side of this piston a constant
pressure of steam is applied through a connecting pipe from the steani
chamber; the other side of the piston, namely, its larger diameter, is in
connection with the steam port from the cylinder of the hammer. The con-
sequence is, that the moment the steam enters under the piston of the hammer
it will also act in the smaller cylinder, and thus force up at once that piston on
account of the additional surface offered by the larger piston over the smaller
one, and vice versa; as soon as, by altering the position of the valve, the
steam escapes from the cylinder of the hammer, it will also escape from the
smaller cylinder, which through the constant steam pressure forces the piston
to its original position. By these means, the action of the piston in the small
cylinder must be in perfect conformity with that in the hammer cylinder,
both are regulated by the same valve; the piston of the small
cylinder having a ratchet apparatus which acts upon a ratchet wheel with
counter hook, it follows that with each upward motion of the hammer piston,
the ratchet wheel will be turned, while during the downward stroke of that
piston the wheel remains at rest. This ratchet wheel is fastened to a screw
which works in a nut on the sliding table; the nut may be easily unscrewed
by hand to enable the table to be simply pushed back. In order to be able to

page_text: vary
the distance between each cut, the piston rod of the small or movement
cylinder is supplied with an arrangement to alter the length of stroke of the
piston at will, and thus of course the number of teeth passed at each blow
may be varied, as required. The sliding table is supplied with a second table
or bed, the latter being constructed for turning round its longitudinal axis.
This bed holds in a groove partly filled with lead the file to be cut. The
object of this moveable bed is to enable the file, however varied its surface
may be, always to rest against the edge of the cutter, and thus to produce an
b
carrying the hammer apparatus; 6 (Figures 3, 4, 7), the hammer apparatus,
consisting of c (Figures 1, 3, 4, 7), the steam cylinder and valve casement;
d, piston rod, with cross head and guide e (Figures 3, 5); f (Figures 1, 3, 4),
moveable tool holder, and cutter g (Figure 1, 3); h (Figures 1, 8), prop, with
adjustable friction roller, through which the whole apparatus rests upon the
file; i (Figure 1), hand lever for raising and lowering the slide and apparatus ;
k (Figures 1, 3, 4), steam pipe to combine the valve and the main frame;
(Figures 1, 2, 4), small or movement cylinder fastened to the frame a,
and connected with the steam chamber by the pipe m (Figures 1, 2, 4);
n (Figures 1, 2, 4), sliding pipe to connect the small cylinder with the lower
steam port of the hammer cylinder; o, piston rod of the small cylinder, the
length of which may be adjusted by the screws p (Figures 1, 2, 4,) to vary
the touch of the collar g against the guide r, by which of course the stroke of
the piston in the small cylinder is likewise varied; s (Figures 1, 2, 3),
connecting rod for the ratchet spring t; u, counter-spring of the ratchet
arrangements (Figure 2); v, ratchet wheel (Figures 1, 2, 3); x, screw spindle
(Figures 1, 2, 3); y, nut, on the sliding table (Figures 1, 2); A, bed, for
holding the file B to be cut (Figures 1, 2, 3); C, foundation frame.
9
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Carl Philippson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
F. C. PHILIPPSON.
(LS.)