of Fluids.
Year: 1886

page_text: of Fluids.
We JOHN HAWTHORN of the Canal Foundry, New Mills in the County of
Chester Engineer and SIDNEY MOORHOUSE of the Victoria Works Staleybridge
in the County of Lancaster Brassfounder do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the valves employed to control or arrest the flow of
fluids as for example to stop valves for steam or for water or other fluids and to
valves for controlling the admission or supply of steam or other fluid to motive
power engines and particularly to the cases of valves which have to withstand a
high pressure although we do not confine the application of our invention to any
particular class of valves. In our invention we employ a packed piston fitted to
slide within a cylindrical seating in the direction of the axis of the seating and we
employ a sliding cylindrical shield to receive the piston as it leaves the said seating,
the shield and piston moving together to open the passage for the flow of fluid.
By these means we avoid the crossing of ports or passages by the piston so that
the packing is less subjected to wearing influences especially when the piston is
packed with asbestos or fibrous material or substance. In one method of construc-
tion which we have adopted when designing a stop valve the piston is formed in
two parts or principal parts adjustably held together and packed with asbestos and
the seating by preference has a ledge which compresses the piston when it is
tightly screwed home by means of a screwed spindle. In a line with the seating
and bored to the same diameter is a hollow cylinder which is fitted to slide in the
bored body of the valve or in a lining and is pressed toward the valve seating
by means of a spring. When the screwed spindle is turned to open the valve the
piston is wholly or partly withdrawn within the shield and when the packing is
well shielded the piston comes into contact with an annular ledge or stop whereby
the shield is caused to move with the piston for the remainder of its opening
movement whereby a passage for the flow of fluid is opened. This construction is
suitable for an asbestos packed piston but metallic or other suitable packing might
be used if preferred for any reason. In some cases the piston might be moved by

page_text: means of a sliding rod instead of a screwed spindle. . We do not confine ourselves
to the use of a spring to close the end of the said shield upon the seating as other
devices might be employed as for example the shield might be separately actuated
or might be locked in position until the piston would be shielded or fluid pressure
might be employed in lieu of the spring,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Valves for Controlling and Arresting the Flow
of Fluids.
We JOHN HAWTHORN of the Canal Foundry, New Mills in the County of
Chester Engineer, and SIDNEY MOORHOUSE of the Victoria Works Staleybridge
in the County of Lancaster, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings :-
Our Invention relates to the valves employed to control or arrest the flow of
fluids as for example to stop valves for steam or for water or other fluids and to
valves for controlling the admission or supply of steam or other fluid to motive
power engines and particularly to the cases of valves which have to withstand
a high pressure although we do not confine the application of our invention to any
particular class of valves. In our invention we employ a packed piston fitted to
slide within a cylindrical seating in the direction of the axis of the seating and we
employ a sliding cylindrical shield to receive the piston as it leaves the said seating,
the shield and piston moving together to open the passage for the flow of fluid.
Our Invention will be more fully understood when described with reference to
the accompanying drawings wherein is represented one of our improved valves say
for example a steam valve drawn in section the section Fig. 1 being taken through
the centre of the valve and the section Fig. 2 on the line A B in Fig. 1. In the
said Figs. a a¹ is the body of the valve which may be of any suitable form
according to the particular use for which the valve is intended. The bonnet or
closing plate b is formed with a packed gland through which passes a screwed
spindle c which in the example is provided with a hand wheel as is usual in the
cases of steam valves. Upon this spindle is cut a screw thread which works in
a nut d. which is fixed in a pap b¹ which projects inward from the bonnet b. The

page_text: lower end of the spindle is suitably connected with a piston e so that the spindle
can revolve without rotating the piston. In the example the end of the piston
passes through a hole in the top of the piston into a chamber in which is a collar
which is secured to the spindle this being an ordinary arrangement. The said
piston is formed in two parts e and e¹ and a central stud which is formed upon the
part e. extends through the part e¹ and is provided with a nut f. The packing can
be tightened to the required extent by turning the nut f so as to compress the
packing. This method of tightening the packing may be departed from especially
in the cases of large pistons. In the cases of high pressure steam valves we prefer
to pack the piston with asbestos but we do not confine ourselves to any particular
packing material and in some cases a metallic piston might be used. To close the
valve the piston is passed into a bored cylindrical seating g which may or may not
be in one piece with the body a according to the nature of the material or as may
be preferred. The neck a¹ of the body is bored to receive the sliding cylindrical
shield and the said shield or the lower or inner part of the same is bored to the
same diameter as the bore of the seating g. In some cases we may apply a lining
inside the said neck. An inner ledge is formed upon the said shield and upon the
said ledge bears the lower or inner end of a spiral spring i. The said spring is
compressed between the inner end of the pap 61 and the said ledge so that the
spring tends to force one end of the shield into contact with the seating g. When
the piston is within the said seating as is the case in Fig. 1 the communication
between the two passages or branches of the valve is cut off as will be well under-
stood. To open a thoroughfare through the valve the spindle is turned in the
direction which will withdraw the piston from the seating. When so withdrawn
the piston passes into the shield h which is kept in contact with the seating as
aforesaid until the piston comes into contact with the aforesaid inner ledge
when the shield will be compelled to move with the piston the resistance of the
spring being overcome. By this time the packing has passed entirely into the
shield so that the packing is protected by the said shield. The opening rotation of
the spindle being continued the shield is withdrawn more or less into the neck a¹
and a passage for the flow of steam is opened. When the valve is closed the
turning of the spindle in the closing direction permits the shield to bear upon
the seating and the rotation being continued the piston passes into the seating and
the valve passage is thereby closed. When using a compressible piston, as in the
example we arrange for the piston to take it's seat upon an annular ledge when
the valve is closed the continued turning of the screw tightening the packing.
The action of the shield h is the same or similar in valves designed for use in
controlling the flow of water and fluids other than steam. By these means we
avoid the crossing of ports or passages by the piston so that the packing is less
subjected to wearing influences especially when the piston is packed with asbestos
or fibrous material or substance. In some cases the piston might be moved by
means of a sliding rod instead of a screwed spindle. We do not confine ourselves
to the use of a spring to close the end of the said shield upon the seating as other
devices might be employed as for example the shield might be separately actuated
or might be locked in position until the piston would be shielded or fluid pressure
night be employed in lieu of the spring. Other modifications might be made so
long as a sliding shield is used to suitably enclose the packing at the time when
the valve is being opened so as to keep the packing from coming into contact with
the edges of the ports.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
(1.) The valve constructed and designed to act substantially as and for the
purposes set forth and indicated herein before and in and by the accompanying

page_text: (2.) In a valve for controlling the flow of fluids a piston in combination with
a cylindrical shield into which the piston passes when the thoroughfare is being
opened the piston and shield moving together to open the thoroughfare substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
(3.) The shield h forced with a yielding pressure upon the valve seating and
having the same bore as such seating so that it can receive a piston which is used
to close the thoroughfare and guard the said piston in its passage across the ports
in opening and closing substantially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated.
(4.) The packed piston e e¹ the shield h bored to receive the piston and the
spring to force the said shield toward the fixed seating for the piston substantially
as and for the purposes set forth and indicated.
Dated this 10th dow of November 1886
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Sq., Manchester,
Agents.