IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cooke, of Charing Cross, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING."
Sealed the 28th June 1861, and dated the 2nd January 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cooke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd January 1861.
I, WILLIAM COOKE, of Charing Cross, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
VENTILATING," to be as follows:-
I provide apparatus made of glass or other suitable material, which material
may be perforated or not, of such widths and lengths as may be desired, and
fitted to a window or other opening, the same working on axles or centres
secured to the extreme ends of the apparatus, which axles or centres work in
sockets or plates fastened to the reveal or opening. The same principle can
be also adopted in the walls of all descriptions of buildings or other enclosed
spaces, an opening being formed in the wall when an apparatus similar
in construction and movement as herebefore mentioned is secured in the
opening either in a frame or not, as may be desired, such frame being made
of iron, wood, or other suitable material. The above apparatus may be attached
or not to the frame of the window, or sliding door, or shutter of the opening
in which the apparatus is fixed, or it may be worked by means of a cord, and

page_text: when so constructed, as to move with the window sash, sliding door, or shutter
above mentioned, the admission and emission of the air is regulated by the
movement of the window sash, sliding shutter, or cord. I attach to the soffit
of the inner or outer opening a piece of zinc or other suitable material, per-
forated or not.
Another method I propose to adopt is by means of an apparatus of glass or
other suitable material, secured or not to the sash of a window, or to a sliding
shutter or door of any other opening, and working on centres in grooves
secured to the reveal of any such herebefore mentioned openings; such venti-
lator may be fastened, if desired, to the soffit of the window or opening, and
may be constructed of one or more folds or slides, which are made to work
one within the other.
Another method is by means of an apparatus of glass or other material,
perforated or not, which may be attached to the frame of a window, door, or,
other opening, and can be drawn into action by a cord or other suitable
arrangement.
Another portion of my Invention has for its object certain peculiar improve-
ments in ventilating or smoke-dispersing wind guards, the same being applicable
to apertures of any description or shape, whether in buildings, ships, carriages,
or otherwise, for the purpose of effectually obtaining an up draught, the
numerous advantages of which will be readily perceived from the simple yet
scientific principles of construction.
In carrying out the above objects I construct an apparatus having several
funnels or rims which are placed one above the other at certain angles and
heights, such funnels being made of iron, zinc, earthenware, or other suitable
material, and being so constructed as to increase the opening, space, or
diameter of the inside measurement as the apparatus increases in height, whilst
the outside circumference remains the same size throughout.
Another method consists of an apparatus having several cylinders, funnels,
tubes, or shafts fixed at certain elevations within and attached to an outer
casing or tube, which tube or casing may be made with certain openings at
the sides, such inner cylinders, funnels, tubes, or shafts being made to increase
in diameter or not, as may be desired, and having attached to them certain
casings or divisions for the purpose of preventing a downward current over
the apertures of the above apparatus, which may be constructed of iron, zinc,
earthenware, or other suitable material. I attach in some cases a moveable
guard of a cone-like or other suitable shape for the purpose of preventing a
downward draught.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Cooke in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
COOKE, C. E., of 26, Spring Gardens, Westminster, and 54, Charing Cross,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto him,
the said William Cooke, Her special licence that he, the said William Cooke,
bis executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the said William
Cooke, his executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR VENTILATING," upon the condition (amongst others) that he, the said
William Cooke, his executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under his, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Cooke, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:-
My Invention consists in various improved methods of constructing and
applying ventilators of wire gauze or other materials perforated, which are so
arranged in form, manner, and position so that they may be applicable to all
descriptions of buildings, ships, railway carriages, and every other kind of
enclosed space or spaces.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a section of an ordinary sash
window having secured to the soffit thereof a perforated plate, slide, or
folding "A" of wire gauze or any other perforated material, framed in brass,
iron, or other suitable material, with hinges for attaching same to the sash of
window at "B." In this instance "C" represents the axle or centre with

page_text: directing groove in socket "D" secured on a plate, and fixed to the side of
the reveal of window at "E," the same being made in brass, iron, or other
suitable material, as the case may be. (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 19, and 25,
represent also details of the various parts of the apparatus.)
Fig. 2 represents the ventilator "A" in use, and the before-mentioned
attachment also in action; this apparatus may be used in various ways, and
fixed in an opening made in the wall, or secured to a sliding door. In the
former instance a casing of iron, wood, or other suitable material may be
used; a window, door, or sliding shutter, and in many instances, a cord acting
upon a pulley, may be provided for the regulation of closing and opening the
apparatus, and for the purpose of regulating the admission of fresh air; an
attachment of wire gauze or other perforated material may be applied or not
to the entire width of the opening or aperture above the ventilator, or secured
to the sliding grooves.
Fig. 3 is a single-fold ventilator of wire gauze orperforated material ")
"F,"
similarly framed as herein-before mentioned, which may be secured, as shewn
upon the Drawings, to the soflit of the window opening, and regulated, as
will be seen, by the cord "G" attached to same, and when thus used small
pulleys H, H, framed to the soffit of the outer reveal of the window opening,
may be applied in order to regulate the admission and emission of the air.
(Figs. 9, 13, 20, and 26, also represent parts of Fig. 3.)
Fig. 4 is an apparatus of a single fold with a joint "P" of either of the
before-mentioned materials, and in this instance one side of the apparatus is
secured to the top sash, and the other side in a groove or slide "I" secured
to the soffit of the window opening, the rising and closing of the sash regulating
the extent of the required admission of air.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent an apparatus constructed in same manner as Figs.
1 and 2, but in this apparatus it will be seen from the Drawings that in
addition to the ventilator "A," shewn in Fig. 1, a double fold "K," of
perforated zinc, or two sheets of wire gauze formed into an apparatus indicated
ou the Drawings, which admits of the inner fold "L" sliding therein attached
in a similar manner to the soffit and sash of the window, as herein-before
mentioned; upon the connected side of the apparatus a circular tube is
provided, in this particular instance, and an iron or brass bolt. "N" passes
through same and works in sockets; a centre plate is also prepared and
fixed to the side of the window opening. (Figs. 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21 and
27, are parts of Figs. 5 and 6.)
Another apparatus, similar in every respect to Fig. 1, I provide with these
additions and deviations, and the same may be secured to the soffit of the,

page_text: window opening, having upon the opposite side a bolt, and on the top sash a
small hole is prepared wherein I secure a suitable spring to retain the ventilator
in its place when required in use; at the back of the apparatus I apply one
or more springs which effectually retain the ventilator, and withdraw the
ventilator when not required into its place; the sash may be opened without
the ventilator leaving the soffit of the window opening.
The whole of these improved ventilators may be used in other positions,
and in all kinds of buildings and enclosed spaces, and the same principle
adopted although its form and application may differ.
Figs. 22, 23, and 24, is an apparatus I provide for prevention of smoke,
and the dotted lines represent an entire section of the same; it will be clearly
seen by this Drawing that any down draught will be prevented, and when
used for the purpose of carrying off the vitiated air, the outward current will
not affect the escaping air; "N" represents the connecting tube, and "O," the
cap, above which will be seen at P, P, P, P, P, circular rings of the form
shewn upon the Drawings. Fig. 23 is an end plan of this apparatus, and
Fig. 24, the top plan shewing the covering of the central tube or shaft.
Having now described my said Invention for improvements upon ventilation,
I would have it clearly understood that I do not restrict myself to the exact
detail of the Drawings and Specification herein contained, but that which I
particularly claim is the general application of applying wire gauze or any
other perforated material, in such practical and particular form; also its
attachment to windows, as shewn upon the Drawings, whereby a perfect
system of ventilation is secured, and at the same time I claim the peculiar
form and application of the apparatus herein described as a "windguard" for
the prevention of down draught, and also the application of same for con-
necting ventilating shafts for the purpose of carrying off vitiated air.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cooke, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one.