AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL HATCHING
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Juliana Martin, of Soho Square, London, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL
HATCHING."
Scaled the 22nd April 1858, and dated the 22nd October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Juliana Martin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on
the 22nd October 1852.
I, JULIANA MARTIN, of Soho Square, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL
HATCHING" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved construction of apparatus for
hatching the eggs of birds by artificial heat. The Figure in the
accompanying Drawing is an elevation of the machine drawn to a
scale of one third of the actual size. A, A, is an iron frame supporting
the apparatus. B, C, D, E, are hollow partitions, forming shelves upon
which the trays F, G, H, are placed. At each side of the machine is
a cylindrical vessel I, for holding water; these vessels communicate
with the hollow shelves B, C, D, E, so that the water when heated

page_text: circulates throughout the whole. The water is heated by means of
lamps K, placed beneath the vessels 1, and the apparatus is covered
with cloth, baize, or other non-conductor of heat. The trays containing
the eggs are heated by being kept in contact with the warm surface of
the metal. At certain intervals it is necessary to allow a current of air
to circulate over the eggs; to accomplish this the wedges below the
trays (inserted to keep them in contact with the metal above) must be
withdrawn. A wire-work tray L, is suspended below the machine;
this is to contain eggs in a more advanced state of incubation. I also
heat trays similar to L, by a small hot water apparatus, forming a
portable and convenient incubator. I do not confine myself to the
precise shape or configuration of the apparatus shown, but substantially
the above is a description of my Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Juliana Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JULIANA MARTIN, of Soho Square, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the six-
teenth year Her reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Juliana Martin, Her special
licence that I, the said Juliana Martin, my exccutors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Juliana Martin, my exccu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL HATCHING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Juliana Martin, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Juliana Martin, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):
This apparatus for artificial hatching is more portable, cleanly, and
economical than most of those hitherto used for a similar purpose.
Figure 1, is an elevation of the apparatus half the actual size. A, A,
is an iron frame upon which the apparatus is supported. B, B, are
hollow partitions dividing the central portion of the machine into com-
partments C, D, E. F, F, are semi-cylindrical vessels communicating
with the partitions B, B. G, H, are trays for holding the eggs to be
hatched; one of these is shewn in plan at Figure 2. I, I, arc taps for
allowing vapour to escape; a tap may also be fitted to the lower part
of the vessels F, F, to draw off and change the water when necessary.
The whole of the apparatus is made of zinc or galvanized irop, and to
prevent, as far as possible, the radiation of heat the sides F, F, are
covered with woollen cloth or other suitable non-conductor; curtains
are also fitted to cover the compartments C, D, E, as shewn at F', and
these again by outer curtains suspended by eyes K, K. The proper
degree of heat is sustained by means of the lamps L, L; these are
supported beneath the vessels F, F, by lugs M, M, fitting the hasps
N, N, as seen to the right of Figure 1; the outer casing of the lamp
is of perforated metal; a plate of talc O, enables the person in charge
to readily see whether the lamps are in proper order. By means of the
screws P, P, which slide up and down in slots Q, carrying with them
the trays R, the height of the lamps may be adjusted. To put the
machine in operation one of the taps I, is to bo unscrewed, and the
vessel filled with water at a temperature of one hundred and twenty
degrees Farenheit; the vessels F, F, communicating with the parti-
tions B, B, as shewn in section at S, the water flows through these,

page_text: imparting its heat to the trays in the compartments C, D, E. The
lamps are then to be lighted and adjusted in their places, varying the
number of wicks according to the state of the weather; when cold, six
will be required; in other cases four cr two. A thermometer is to be
suspended within the vessel F, or affixed in the side, so that the
temperature of the water may readily be ascertained. The bottom of
the trays G, H, and H', Figure 2, is made of perforated metal, and to
the upper part is fastened a flannel bag II", Figure 2. A quantity of
hay being put in the trays, the eggs are to be laid in them, and the
trays placed in the compartments C, D, E, and kept in contact with
the partitions above by slips of wood, as shewn at T; the trays are to
be removed every six hours for five or ten minutes to air the eggs;
they should then be gently turned with the hand. Particular attention
is necessary that the temperature of the water is maintained at from
one hundred and ten to one hundred and fifteen degrees. I sometimes
place on the eggs a plate of perforated metal to steady the egg when
the chicken is chipping its way out. When the chickens are hatched
they are removed to the wire cage U, suspended below the machine;
this is lined with fur, and heated by the partition B, above, imitating
as closely as possible the natural warmth imparted by the hen. The
cage U, is fitted with sliding doors similar to those shewn at Figure 3.
The upper part W, of the machine is intended for finishing the hatching
of the eggs, and it is also useful for restoring chickens when numbed
with cold, as frequently occurs; it is lined with flannel like the trays
G, II, and is furnished with an air tube for carry the warm air to
X, X, are metal guards to shield the excess of leat
Figure 3, is a wire cage or coop Y; the lower part
is of wood; it is placed upon a stand so as to be on a level with
the enge U, and is intended to be placed close to it, so that the
young chickens can go from the one to the other, a supply of food,
&c. being placed within the coop Y. Figure 4, is an apparatus for
sheltering and imparting warmth to a number of chickens; it is shown
partly in section. The vessel a, contains water, which circulates round
b; beneath the part b, the chickens take shelter; it is lined with fur c,
in manner similar to the cage U. d, d, are ventilating tubes commu-
the upper part.
from the cage U.
.

page_text: nicating with the upper part of the space e, to carry off impure air.
The part beyond the vessel a, is intended to be enclosed within a coop
or yard, so that the chickens cannot be injured by the heat of the
lamp f. This coop or yard may be made either portable or not, and
varying in size according to the number of the chickens required to be
hatched. The vessel a, is heated by a lamp f, similar to those shewn
at Figure 1.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise details herein given, as the same
may be varied without departing from the general character of the
Invention. But I claim as my Invention the apparatus for artificial
hatching herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Juliana Martin, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JULIANA MARTIN. (LS.)