IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL CAPS FOR SPINNING ND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Deakin, of Great Barr, in the County of
Stafford, Ironmaster, and John Bagnall Johnson, of Tettenhall, also in
the County of Stafford, Roll Turner, for the Invention of." IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL CAPS FOR SPINNING ND OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 20th August 1867, and dated the 23rd February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Deakin and John
Bagnall Jonhson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd February 1867.
We, WILLIAM DEAKIN, of Great Barr, in the County of Stafford, Iron-
master, and JOHN BAGNALL JOHNSON, of Tettenhall, also in the County of
Stafford, Roll Turner, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL CAPS FOR SPINNING AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our improvements apply to such caps that are required perfectly smooth
and seamless on their exterior surface, more particularly caps used for
spinning, and these we produce from wrought-steel tubes of a suitable length,
diameter, and thickness, which tubes we gather in and thereby thicken into
á close dome shape at the one end by means of suitable tools while the steel
is in a heated condition, but if additional bulk be necessary at the dome or
contracted end we insert during the process of closing a small circular or
other shaped steel plug for supplying the necessary amount of steel for this
thickening or strengthening purpose; and by reheating the tube and inserted
plug before referred to, to a suitable heat the subsequent shaping process will
have the effect of sufficiently welding the mass together, which shaping

page_text: process consists in placing the tube on a suitable bed or internal support of
the shape we intend the cap to be internally, and by means of a stamp
hammer with the counterpart of the external form we desire the cap to assume
formed in it, a few blows will be sufficient to give or impart to this close end
of the cap the desired shape and form, amalgamating and spreading the plug
internally so as to weld it and amalgamate it with the mass. In place of a stamp
bammer an oliver or other equivalent means may be used and put in motion
by manual labour, steam, or other auxiliary power. Caps thus formed may be
finished by being bored internally and turned externally, processes well under-
stood, and from using steel they will be capable of receiving a high degree of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters' Patent, filed
by the said William Deakin and John Bagnall Johnson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
DEAKIN, of Great Barr, in the County of Stafford, Ironmaster, and JOHN
BAGNALL JOHNSON, of Tettenhall, also in the County of Stafford, Roll Turner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Deakin and John Bagnall Johnson, Her special licence
that we, the said William Deakin and John Bagnall Johnson, our executors,
'administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Deakin
and John Bagnall Johnson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL CAPS FOR SPINNING AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Deakin
and John Bagnall Johnson, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, should particularly describe. and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be. performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Deakin and John Bagnall
Johnson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our improvements apply to such caps that are required perfectly smooth
and seamless on their exterior surface, more particularly hollow cups tech-
nically called "caps," used for spinning, and these we produce from seamless
wrought-steel tubes, or of iron subsequently converted wholly or partially into
steel of suitable length, diameter, and thickness, which tubes we gather in
and thereby thicken into a close dome shape at the one end by means of
suitable tools while the metal is in a heated condition, but if additional bulk
or thickness be necessary at the dome or contracted end we insert during the
process of closing a large or small circular or other shaped steel or wrought-
iron plug or part for supplying the necessary amount of metal for this
thickening or strengthening purpose, and by reheating the tube and inserted.
plug before referred to, to a suitable heat the subsequent shaping process will
have the effect of sufficiently welding or amalgamating the mass together,.
which shaping process consists in placing the tube on a suitable bed or internal.
support of the shape we intend the closed caps to be internally, and by means
of a stamp hammer with the counterpart of the external form we desire the
cap to assume, formed on its under side or face, a few blows will be sufficient
to give or impart to this, close end of the cap the desired shape and form,
amalgamating and spreading the plug internally and externally, so as to weld
it and amalgamate it with the mass. In place of a stamp haminer an oliver
or other equivalent means may be used and put in motion by manual labour,
steam, water, or other auxiliary power. Caps thus formed may be finished
by being bored and turned internally, and turned externally, processes well
understood and commonly practised, and from using steel or partially or
wholly converting iron (of which they may be composed) into steel and being
without weld or seam in their lengthway section they will be capable of
receiving a high degree of exterior polish or finish.
But as our Invention will be more clearly understood by referring to the
Drawings hereunto annexed we will proceed to describe the same, reference
being made to the various figures and letters marked thereon, observing that
we have only exhibited our mode of producing solid or seamless steel caps as
adopted for spinning purposes; but it will be readily seen that caps for other
purposes than spinning may be as easily produced by merely altering the
form of our dies to suit the particular description of caps desired to be
produced,

page_text: Fig. 1 represents a wrought tube which may be longer or shorter as con-
venience or requirement dictate, which tube we cut or divide into lengths of
the proper size according to the length or proportion of the cap we desire to
make. We take one of the lengths so divided, as exhibited at Fig. 2, and
after heating it at a suitable furnace we proceed to gather it in at the end by
hammering, stamping, or pressing into a suitable dome shape, which process
will have the effect of thickening the metal at this part, but as increased
thickness at the cluse end of these caps when used for spinning purposes is
desirable we insert a lump of steel into the enclosed contracted end, as
exhibited on the section marked A, A, Fig. 3, the steel plug being marked B,
the cap and plug being heated to a white heat and dropped over the vertical
mandril C, which may be formed with or applied to a broad bed, which offers
facilities for adjustment between the poppets of a bed, of an ordinary stamp,
appliances well understood by workmen accustomed to the use of stamping.
On the under side of the stamp hammer a concave die or face may be
applied, or the lower face of the hammer formed as sufficiently represented at
Fig. 4, when a few rapidly repeated blows will have the effect of welding,
amalgamating, spreading, and thickening up the top of the cap until it
assunies externally the form as represented at D, Figure 4, and internally
the form of the top end of the mandril C, but supposing that a greater.
amount of thickness and solidity is required at the end of certain des-
cription of caps a larger plug of steel of any suitable shape may be
inserted, as exhibited at E, Fig. 5, which being operated on by the combined
effect of heating and stamping or pressing, as described at Figures 3 and 4,
with the cavity in the face of the stamp hammer altered accordingly, the cap
may be reduced as exhibited in a sectional view at Fig. 6, in which the cavity
in the under side of the stamp hammer is the exact form or metrix of the top
of the cap G, while its interior has from the same cause received its shape.
from the form of the vertical mandril or bed tool H, which in this instance
we have exhibited with a shank as at I, fitting into the base J, J, which would
be the most convenient way of constructing or making these appliances, as
the vertical mandril or tool may be readily changed for others of different
shapes, as well as the cavity or metrix exhibited, marked E, Figure 4, and F,
Figure 6, which being attached to the lower side of the stamp hammer (as
en:ployed for illustration) would readily admit of changing as required.
Figs. 7, 8, and 9 represent a side, sectional, and top view of a finished cap,

page_text: such as is used extensively for spinning with the advantage of having no
lengthway weld, thereby presenting an unblemished, polished, and hardened
surface which is desirable and highly beneficial.
We have not thought it necessary to elaborate or diversify the application
of our improved manufacture, as its adaptation must be readily seen and
understood by manufacturers requiring such kinds of hollow articles or caps,
notwithstanding we will observe that if preferred to the gathering in and
thickening process herein-before described a shorter length of seamless tube
may be used and an end welded in, the said end being by preference stamped
and reduced to the most preferable shape and applied or partly inserted in
the end of the seamless tube, and the both being heated may be reduced by
the same or equivalent appliances herein-before described to the desired shape,
and a part sectional view of a tube and a solid end so arranged we have
exhibited before welding or amalgamating at Fig. 10, and although we have
used the term seamless steel tubes nevertheless our processes are equally
applicable when operating on lengths of ordinary iron tubes, as the same may
be treated as herein-before described, and more or less converted into steel,
more particularly on the outer surface, which may be readily effected by the
common and well-known process of case hardening.
Having thus described the nature and object of our Invention we wish it
understood that we do not claim the manufacture of caps for spinning, as such
productions are well known and extensively used; but what we claim as of
our Invention and desire to protect by these our in part recited Letters Patent
is, the manufacture of wrought caps for spinning and other purposes, as herein
described and exhibited.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Deakin and John Bagnall
Johnson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day
of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-seven.
Witness,
JAMES S. COCKINGS,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
WILLIAM DEAKIN.
(L.S.)
JOHN BAGNALL JOHNSON. (L.S.)