IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER AND BRASS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Everitt, of Birmingham, in the County.
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER AND BRASS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Everitt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1881.
WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER AND
BRASS."
In the ordinary method of manufacturing tubes of copper and brass, hollow
ingots are made by the casting process, and these ingots by rolling and drawing
are formed into tubes. The casting is offected in moulds so constructed and used
that the axis of the mould during the casting process is situated vertically or
nearly vertically. The mould employed is closed on all sides excepting at the top,
where the molten metal is poured in. By this method of manufacturo nir is
carried down by the stream of molten metal, and mixing with the metal produces
porosity or unsoundness in the casting.
In casting the said hollow ingots according to my Invention I employ a trough
shaped mould, preferably rectangular, or nearly so, in cross section. In the said
mould I fix a central core or mandril. In using the trough shaped mould it is
adjusted so that the core and the top of the mould are as nearly as may be
horizontal. The mould is open at top through its whole length. In pouring the
molten metal, into the mould I prefer to introduce it at both ends simultaneously.
The distanco through which the currents of molten metal fall in filling the
mould is so short that they do not carry with them sufficient air to injure the
casting.
The hollow ingots made in the manner described are in cross section rectangular,
or nearly so, externally, and have an axial cylindrical hole.
I coat the core with phosphate of lime to prevent the adhesion of the molten
metal thereto, and I heat the core before casting in order to prevent the too
sudden cooling of the molten metal around it.
By means of rolls these ingots are operated upon so as to change the angular
external figure into a cylindrical figure, and the thick hollow cylinder thus
produced is converted into a tube by drawing or rolling in the usual way.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Edward Everitt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th December 1881.
WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER AND
BRASS."
In the ordinary method of manufacturing tubes of copper and brass, hollow
ingots are made by the casting process, and these ingots, by rolling and drawing,
are formed into tubes. The casting is effected in moulds so constructed and used
that the axis of the mould during the casting process is situated vertically or
nearly vortically.
The mould employed is closed on all sides excepting at the top, where the molton
metal is poured in. By this method of manufacture air is carried down by the
stream of molten metal, and mixing with the metal produces porosity or unsoundness
in the casting.
In casting the said hollow ingots according to my Invention I employ a trough
shaped mould, preferably rectangular, or nearly so, in cross section. In the said
mould I fix a central metallic core or mandril, by preference of an elliptical figure,
in cross section. In using the trough shaped mould it is adjusted so that the core
and the top of the mould are as nearly as may be horizontal.
The mould may either be open at top through its whole length or partially closed
at top. In the latter caso I close the top of the mould at the middle portion,
leaving the ends of the top open for the introduction of the molten metal. The
cover by which I close the middle portion of the top of the mould is either hinged
to one of the longer edges of the mould or is removable from the mould. In the
latter case the cover is supported upon ledges at the open top of the mould. The
hinged or the detachable cover is fixed in its place during the casting operation by
clamping. In pouring the molten metal into the mould I prefer to introduce it at
both ends simultaneously. The distance through which the currents of molten
metal fall in filling the mould is so short that they do not carry with them sufficient
air to injure the casting.
After the casting has solidified, the core or mandril is withdrawn and the casting
removed from a mould; the cover, when the mould is partially closed at top, having
either to be lifted from it or turned aside on its hinges.
The hollow ingots made in the manner described are in cross section rectangular,
or nearly so, externally, and have an axial cylindrical or elliptical hole, and are
free from the porosity or unsoundness common to hollow ingots cast in the ordinary
way.
I coat the core with phosphate of lime to prevent the adhesion of the molten
metal thereto, and I heat the core before casting in order to provent the too sudden
cooling of the molten metal around it.
By means of rolls these ingots are operated upon so as to change the angular
external figure into a cylindrical figure, and the thick hollow cylinder thus
produced is converted into a tube by drawing or rolling in the usual way.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to bo performed, I wish it to be understood that
I claim as my Invention the improvements in tho manufacture of tubes of
copper and brass herein before described, that is to say, casting the hollow ingots
from which the said tubes are made in a trough shaped mould, open or partially
open at top, having a central metallic core or mandril, tho said mould being by
preference rectangular or nearly rectangular in cross section, and the coro or mandril

page_text: by preference elliptical in cross section; the mould and core during use being so
adjusted that the core and top of the mould are horizontal, substantially as and for
the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Everitt, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
A. W. CHIPPINDALE,
Queen's Coll.,
Oxford.
WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT. (L.S.)