IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING KILNS OR OVENS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY AND PORCELAIN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard William Binns and Charles Fergus Binns, both of
the Worcester Royal Porcelain Works, in the City of Worcester and County
of Worcester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING KILNS OR
OVENS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY AND PORCELAIN, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 24th April 1877, and dated the 26th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard William Binns and
Charles Fergus Binns at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th
October 1876.
RICHARD WILLIAM BINNS and CHARLES FERGUS BINNS, both of the Worcester
Royal Porcelain Works, in the City of Worcester and County of Worcester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING KILNS OR OVENS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
POTTERY AND PORCELAIN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
The improvements have reference to the heating of kilns or ovens used in the manu-
facture of pottery and porcelain and for other purposes by the combustion of coal gas or
other gas combined with atmospheric air, so as to secure cleanliness with other advan-
tages. For this purpose we employ several series of burners, the heat from the flames
of which is conducted from separate chambers into flues or heating passages for the
passage of the heated products of combustion, such flues or passages being reduced
in width as they recede from the points of ignition, whilst the thickness of the walls
of the oven or kiln is reduced so as to equalize the heat direct and radiated. Thus,
with a kiln or oven, say, two feet four inches in breadth by foor feet ten inches in
depth and five feet in height at the centre, we find it convenient when firing
decorative wares to use eight combined air and gas chambers of, say, nine inches in
diameter at the top, and with a series of, say, twenty-five jets to each, each series
opening into a separate chamber formed for them under the floor of the kiln or
oven, and which chambers we form about two inches high, opening into side or end
passages, so that the entire side and end surfaces of the walls of the oven or kiln
may be subject to the radiant heat received therein. These passages we form for,
say, about six inches in height to a width of about three inches, then for a further
three inches in height of about two inches in width, and then for a further three
[Price 6d 1

page_text: inches up of one inch in width, when the width of this heating space is reduced to
three-quarters, and gradually reduced to the highest part, to where it is, say, half
inch iu width with a small outlet to the flue.
We also form the floor of the oven or kiln about four inches thick to prevent the
too direct communication to the interior of the oven or kiln of the heat obtained,
whilst the side and end walls of the oven or kiln are only about one inch and a
quarter thick.
Passages are formed to the respective chambers for the jets to facilitate ignition
or inspection and regulation of the flames.
These particulars may however be considerably varied to the size and object of
the kiln or oven.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard William Binns and Charles Fergus Binns in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th April 1877.
RICHARD WILLIAM BINNS and CHARLES FERGUS BINNS, both of the Worcester
Royal Porcelain Works, in the City of Worcester and County of Worcester.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING KILNS OR OVENS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
POTTERY AND PORCELAIN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
The improvements have reference to the heating of kilns or ovens used in the
manufacture of pottery and porcelain, and for other purposes, by the combustion of
coal gas or other gas combined with atmospheric air, so as to secure cleanliness with
other advantages. For this purpose we employ several series of burners, the heat
from the flames of which is conducted from separate chambers into flues or heating
passages for the passage of the heated products of combustion around the kilns or
ovens, such flues or passages being reduced in width as they recede from the points
of ignition, whilst the thickness of the walls of the oven or kiln is reduced so as
thereby to equalize the effect of the heat direct and radiated.
But that the Invention may be fully understood we will, by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, proceed to describe more in detail means pursued by us in
carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows by longitudinal section, Figure 2 by transverse section, and
Figure 3 by sectional plan view, apparatus arranged according to our Invention.
In each of these views the same letters are employed to indicate corresponding
'parts.
a, a, are the outer or enclosing walls of the kiln or oven; b is the oven or kiln
to receive the articles for the purpose of heating or baking them; c, c, are a series
of burners, the heat from each of which is received into a separate chamber or com-
partment e formed for it under the floor b¹ of the oven or kiln b. The chambers e
are separated from each other by the longitudinal and transverse walls e¹, e¹. The
heated products of combustion from each of these chambers e thence rises by the
separate flue spaces separated one from the other by walls f¹, f¹, to over the top of
the oven, and they are thence conducted through longitudinal and transverse
passages g to chimnies . The heat from the chambers e, e, farthest from the front
of the kiln or oven also rises up the flue spaces f², f2, formed behind the back end
of the oven or kiln b, and it will be seen that the width of these flue passages f, f,
is reduced gradually from, say, three inches at the bottom of the kiln or oven to,
say, half an inch at a height of, say, one foot from the bottom of the chambers e, e.
These dimensions are assumed as approximately correct for a kiln or oven 6 of about
two feet four inches in width, four feet ten inches in depth from front to back, and
'four feet in height at the centre.

page_text: We find it also convenient to form the floor b¹ of the oven or kiln, which is subject
to the direct action of the heat from the burners c, of about four inches in thick-
ness, whilst the side and back walls and arch 62, 63, and 6, thereof are only of about
one inch and a quarter in thickness.
The burners c, as shown, are arranged for the combustion of combined coal gas
and atmospheric air, and the gas is supplied to them from suitable mains i by branch
pipes j having regulation taps, whilst the amount of air admitted to the respective
burners is regulated by valves k acted upon by connecting rods l. The mixed gas
and air, combined in the usual way in the tubes c² and chambers c², thence escapes
for ignition by a series of short tubes c³. m are pipes or passages to facilitate
admission to the. respective chambers e, e, for ignition of the gas from the jets c³, or
for inspection of the flame thereof, or for other purposes.
In the event of the flame of other gas being employed the size and form of the
burners or the number of them will be varied as may be required to the circum-
stances of the particular case, and although we have indicated certain proportions it
will be understood that these only represent proportions which we have found to
answer, but which may be varied."
Having thus described our Invention, and means which we adopt in carrying
the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the precise arrangements of parts as shown and described, as the same may be
varied without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what we
do claim is, the arranging or combining parts for the heating of kilns or ovens used
in the manufacture of pottery and porcelain, and for other purposes, substantially as
shown and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard William Binns and Charles Fergus
Binns, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth day of April,
in the voor of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-cavan
RICHARD WILLIAM BINNS. (L.S.)
CHARLES FERGUS BINNS. (L.S.)