IMPROVEMENTS IN JES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry C *wright, of the Dean, Broseley, in the
County of Shropshire, Farm
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM!
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
JES."
Sealed the 16th February 1858, d dated the 21st August 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Cartwright at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1857.
I, HENRY CARTWRIGHT, of the Dean, Broseley, in the County of Shropshire,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:--
In order to work double cylinder engines, and especially horizontal ones,
with advantage, I join the two cylinders together at their sides and ends by
plates extending from one to the other, or they may be cast and then joined,
and thus form a chamber for steam between them, and extending from end to
end. At each end of each cylinder I place an escape or drip valve, which
opens into the before-mentioned steam chamber, which is furnished with a drip
cock. I supply the steam chamber with steam from the boiler, from whence
it is conveyed and admitted into the cylinder by means of my patent steam
cocks, or by valves, or otherwise.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Cartwright in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th February 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CARTWRIGHT, of the Dean, Broseley, in the County of Shropshire, Farmer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Cartwright, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Cartwright,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Cartwright, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Cartwright, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Cartwright, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
The improvements consist of certain arrangements and construction of the
cylinders, and are chiefly applicable to those engines which have their two
cylinders laid horizontally; nevertheless, they may be applied beneficially
when the cylinders are vertical, or any other direction. The said improve-
ments are also chiefly intended to be applied to such engines as have their
steam supplied to the cylinders by my steam cocks, for which I obtained
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in. the year Eighteen
hundred and fifty-five, and more especially for those steam engines which are
worked with the said steam cocks and arrangements, as well for the purpose
of producing reciprocating action as for starting, easing, stopping, and

page_text: reversing the motion of the engine by the means and in the manner described
in the Specification of an Invention for which I obtained a grant of Letters
Patent on the Second day of June, in the year Eighteen hundred and fifty-six,
being entitled an Invention of "Improvement in the Application of Steam
Cocks to Steam Engines, and in Working such Engines thereby."
The construction of these cylinders, which I call double or compound cylin-
ders, are as follows:-They consist of two cylinders placed parallel, and may
either be cast in one casting or separately; the interval between each cylinder
being enclosed and forming a steam chamber, extending the length of the
cylinders, which are placed a little apart from each other, the distance being
arranged according to the construction of the engine, being generally as near
each other as they conveniently can. If the two cylinders and the intermediate
steam chamber be not made all in one casting, then each may have proper
flanges or projections, so as to attach and fix the plates extending between
each and forming the walls of the steam chamber. The cylinders, with their
steam chamber, may be affixed to their positions to the bed plate, frame, or
other part by flanches, snugs, or ears cast upon them, or by other similar means.
At each end of each cylinder there is an escape valve opening outwards into
the steam chamber; these escape valves are for the purpose of allowing any
priming or water of condensation to escape from the cylinders into the steam
chamber, from whence it can be let out by a drip cock. The steam pipe may
enter the steam chamber at any convenient part, (but depending in a great
measure upon the relative position of the boiler and the cylinders,) and the
steam from the steam chamber pass into the open end of the upper revrseing
cock, which is seated above and opens into it, and then, by means of the steam
passages and the reciprocating cocks, it enters the cylinders and acts against
the pistons; after producing the necessary effects, it will be discharged through
the
open
end of the lower reversing cock into an eduction pipe, which may
pass through the steam chamber, if found convenient, without, of course,
communicating with the interior of it.
When steam is first admitted into the steam chamber, it will come in con-
tact with the sides of the cylinders and heat them, thus preventing in a great
measure, if not wholly, any water of condensation from collecting in them
when the engine first commences to work; should any be formed, the pistons
will force it through the escape valves into the steam chamber, from whence it
will be drawn off by means of the drip cocks; moreover, the action of each
piston will take place when it is near the end of the return stroke, and at a
time when the crank is acting with great purchase against the piston, and

page_text: hence enabling it to expel the priming or water of condensation through the
escape valves into the steam chamber. It will be evident that when the
escape valves are not acted upon by the condensed water they will be kept
closed by the pressure of the steam in the steam chamber.
In order more clearly to illustrate my Invention, and render it fully in-
telligible, the accompanying Drawings are appended; it is not intended, how-
ever, that these shall exhibit all or the only way in which the arrangements of
the said improvements are to be applied, which vary according to the different
kinds of engines required, but they shew the main principles of my Invention,
and how these may generally be adopted; moreover, the said Drawings shew
the particular case where the said improved cylinders are applied to steam
engines worked with my patent steam cocks and the arrangement for starting,
stopping, easing, and reversing the engine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 are front elevations of the cylinders. a and b, the ports for
the reversing cocks; c, d, e, f, the ports for the reciprocating cocks.
In Figure 2 the surface plate of the reversing cock is removed, to shew the
opening into the steam chamber by which access is had to the interior and to
the escape valves.
Figure 3 is a transverse section, shewing the two cylinders and the steam 2
chamber between them.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the cylinder, and Figure 5 a similar section.
Figure 6 is a cross section on the line A, B, in Figure 1, and Figure 7 is a
similar section on the line C, D. 9, 9, 9, 9, are the small escape valves, and h
the exhaust pipe passing from the lower reversing cock through the steam
chamber into the condensor or to the atmosphere, as the case may be.
3
My steam cocks with the steam passages, such as referred to before in my
grant of Letters Patent dated Second day of June, in the year Eighteen
hundred and fifty-six, being applied and affixed to the ports a, b, c, d, e, f, and
the steam being admitted into the steam chamber, it will enter at a, the open
end of the upper reversing cock, from whence it will pass through the passages
of the steam casing and ports of the reciprocating cocks into the cylinders,
which having been previously partially heated by contact with the steam in
the steam chamber, there will be little or no water of condensation formed or
collected, and whatever there may be will be discharged through the escape 3
valves into the steam chamber, and from thence let off by means of the drip
cocks.

page_text: Having now described my Invention, and how the same is to be performed,
I wish it understood that what I claim and wish secured by the before in part
recited Letters Patent are,-
First, the arrangement of two cylinders with steam chamber between them
from end to end.
Second, the escape valves opening from the cylinders into the steam
chamber.
Third, the general arrangement by which steam engines with my compound
cylinders, steam chambers, and escape valves are adapted to be worked by my
steam cocks.
Fourth, I claim the aforesaid arrangements of steam cylinders, steam
chambers, and escape valves when worked by steam cocks or steam valves of
any kind.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Cartwright, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
HENRY CARTWRIGHT. (L.S.)