A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR APPLYING WATER OR OTHER FLUID AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to. Edmund Dwyer, of Hornsey, and Henry Moon, of
Hoxton, both in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR APPLYING WATER
OR OTHER FLUID AS A MOTIVE POWER."
Sealed the 19th June 1866, and dated the 23rd December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Dwyer and
Henry Moon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd December 1865.
We, EDMUND DWYER, of Hornsey, and HENRY MOON, of Hoxton, both in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR
APPLYING WATER OR OTHER-FLUID AS A MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:―
Our Invention consists in the construction of apparatus or machinery. as
hereafter described for the production of motive power. The framing
is made of iron, steel, or any suitable material baving three or more.
wheels, not limited to number. Two or more of the wheels are flanged.
as required, and are provided with cranked axles acting independently
of each other. On the carriage metal cylinders are fixed, one to each.
crank, having pistons with double rods; the bottom piston rods are connected.
with the plunge rods of double-action pumps and the top rods to the crank
rods of the axles. The machine has two or more large, wheels made of
ron, steel, or any suitable material. On the inner circumference of the
wheels we place a number of small cylinders or boxes made of any suitable,

page_text: metal, having pistons or plungers, the tops of which form curved or straight
rails, as may be found desirable. The cylinders or boxes are bolted or
otherwise fastened to the large wheels, and the cylinders of each quarter of
the wheels communicate with each other by means of pipes, one end of each
of which has a valve opening in the interior of each cylinder or box. The
nave of each large wheel forms a cylinder with a partition in the centre.
The naves are fixed to the wheels by means of four or more solid iron
or steel spokes inclined to allow the naves to project beyond the planes of
the wheels. Each quarter of the great wheels has two hollow spokes or
pipes communicating from the naves to the cylinders, the cylinders of one
quarter of each wheel having no communication with the cylinders of the
remaining quarters except through the nave. Each pair of pipes is in com-
munication with the opposite sides of the nave of each wheel alternately.
In each pair of pipes on the wheels we place valves, one pipe being for
the down pipe from the nave to the cylinders on the wheel, 'and 'the other
pipe for raising the main to convey the fluid upwards from the cylinders
to the nave and from thence to the cylinders on the carriage, the down
pipe having a slide valve and the rising main: spindle or other suitable
valves. Each of the large wheels has a double axle with holes through
the centre longitudinally and having stop ends; the axles are grooved for
packing to form pistons, and have shoulders at one end to rest in sockets
at each end of the nave to prevent the axles from touching the bottom of
The axles form fixed pistons which are held in grooves fixed on
the framing of the carriage, the inside axles having cranked arms supporting
their ends. The axles of the large wheels rest on the carriage, but not
sustaining any of the weight of the same. The axles, have two stand pipes
each, from which pipes lead to cylinders and pumps on the carriage, in
which pipes we place stop-cocks and valves to control the action of the
machine, and also movable joints to allow for the motion of the carriage.
The supply pipes from the navés to the cylinders on the carriage convey
the fluid from the-sides of the naves to the ends of the cylinders alternately,
and the supply from the double-action pumps on the carriage to the naves
acting on the alternate sides of the same. The fluid supplied to the pumps
is obtained from tanks placed on the carriage by means of suction pipes fixed
to each end of the pumps. The stroke of the pumps is regulated by the
stroke of piston rods of the driving cylinders on the carriage, and each
contain an equal quantity of fluid as would be discharged from the number
of boxes or cylinders on each quarter of any one of the large wheels. The
front wheel or wheels is or are made to turn or lock by means of a lever or
the same.

page_text: levers. The motion is produced by the cranked axle wheels being placed
on the rails formed by the tops of the pistons or plungers belonging to the
boxes or cylinders fixed on the large wheels and kept in position by the
flanges on the cranked axle wheels. The whole or part of the weight of
the carriage being thus placed on the cylinders or boxes after being first
charged press down the pistons or plungers and force out the fluid which can
only pass through the rising main, and from thence to the cylinder on the
carriage, driving down the pistons thereof, and causing the cranked axlės
and flanged wheels to revolve and thus produce the motion required. The
machine can be stopped by shutting the stop-cocks in the supply pipes and
applying a break if necessary. The machine can be reversed by altering
the direction of the eccentric, shutting the direct supply from the naves
to the cylinders on the carriage and from the cylinder pumps to the naves,
and thereby causing the supply which should go to the outside of the 'naves
to be forced to the inside of the same, and vice versa, by means of branch
pipes and stop-cocks, and also allowing the waste fluid to flow back to the
tank by means of branch pipes and. stop-cocks regulated as required. On
the carriage we place auxiliary double-action pumps, one for each cylinder
wheel, connected by pipes to cylinders on the carriage, and drawing their
supply by means of suction pipes from the tanks, and used by hand if
necessary to force back the pistons of the driving cylinders, and make
good any leakage by means of branch pipes. connected to the supply
pipes of the naves that may occur in the boxes or cylinders, in the large
wheels.
We reserve to ourselves the right of, modifying the machinery or apparatus
as herein-before described, as in practice it may be found necessary to adapt
St to the nurnose for which it may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Dwyer and Henry Moon in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDMUND
DWYER, of Horusey, and HENRY MOON, of Hoxton, both in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of

page_text: Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Edmund Dwyer and Henry Moon, Her special license that we,
the said Edmund Dwyer and Henry Moon, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edmund Dwyer and Henry
Moon, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR APPLYING WATER OR OTHER FLUID
AS A MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edmund Dwyer and Henry Moon, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our hand and seal, or under the hand and seal
of one of them; should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
.Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edmund Dwyer and Henry Moon,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, and on reference to the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in constructing a carriage to be propelled by means
of hydraulic pressure, through or by means of a novel arrangement of
mechanism, as herein-after described, the framing of which carriage may be
made of iron or suitable material, and have three or more wheels. Two or
more of the wheels may be flanged externally for running upon the internal
surface of larger wheels or "annulars," as hereafter described, and have
cranked axles, and be capable of acting independently of each other. On
the carriage should be fixed two or more driving cylinders similar to steam
engine cylinders, one or more to each crank. These cylinders may have a
piston fitted to each with a double rod, the bottom piston rod to be connected
with the plunger rod of a double-action pump, and the top rod of each piston
'to be connected to the connecting rod of the corresponding crank axle. The
machine should have two or more large wheels, by preference made of iron,
or they may be made of any other suitable material; around the inner cir-
cumference of which wheels are formed and arranged a number of small
cylinders or boxes made of any suitable metal having pistons or plungers, the

page_text: tops of which form rails upon which the internal wheels are supported and
roll. The cylinders or boxes may be bolted or otherwise fastened to the
wheels, and the cylinders respectively belonging to each quarter of the wheel
are made to communicate with each other by means of pipes, one end of
each pipe having a valve opening into the interior of each cylinder or box.
The nave of each large wheel is so constructed as to form a cylinder with a
diaphragm or vertical partition in the centre. The nave may be fixed to the
wheel by means of four or more solid or hollow iron or steel spokes dished or
inclined outwards, so as to allow the nave to project beyond the plane of the
outer surface of the wheel. Each quarter of the wheel should have two
hollow spokes to form pipes communicating from the nave to the cylinders in
the periphery of the same wheel. The cylinders of one quarter of the wheel
have no communication with the cylinders of the remaining quarters except
through the nave, each pair of pipes communicating with the opposite sides of
the naves alternately. In each pair of pipes there should be placed valves,
one pipe being for the down connexion from the nave to the cylinders of the
wheel, and the other pipe a rising main to convey the fluid upwards from the
cylinders to the nave, and from thence to the motive power or driving
cylinders, as before mentioned, and which are placed on the carriage, tho
down pipe having a slide valve, and the rising main a spindle or other
suitable valve or valves, with a connecting rod or pipe from the piston in the
rising main to the slide in the down pipe. Each of the large wheels should
have a hollow shaft having stop ends, the
and to have shoulders at one end to rest in sockets fixed at each end of the
nave to prevent the axle touching the bottom of same. The axles will form
fixed pistons, which are held in the framing of the carriage, the inside.axles
having cranked arms at their ends; the axles of the larger wheels to rest on
the carriage, but not directly sustaining any of its weight. The axles are to
have stand pipes which lead to cylinders, and also to the pumps on the
carriage, in which pipes are placed stop-cocks and valves to control the action
of the machine, and also flexible or moveable joints are introduced to allow
for the movements of the parts of the carriage. The supply pipes from the
nave to the motive power or driving cylinder on the carriage are employed to
convey the fluid from the sides of the nave fo the ends of the driving cylinders
alternately, and the supply from the double-action pumps also on the carriage
to the nave acting on alternate sides thereof. The fluid supplied to the pumps
is obtained from tanks placed on the carriage, by means of suction pipes fixed
to each end of the pumps. The stroke of each pump is regulated by the
stroke of the piston rod of the working or driving, cylinder, and it is intended
axles to be grooved for packing,

page_text: that the pump and cylinder each contain a quantity of fluid equal to that
which can be discharged from the boxes or cylinders contained within each of
the quarters of the large wheel or " annular."
In the construction of the machine according to our Invention we prefer
in some cases to place the series of cylinders (or boxes) with their pistons
baving railed tops or surfaces on or within the cranked axle wheels, with or
without "annulars." Moreover the external wheels or "annulars" or the
wheels of the carriage may be cogged to receive pinions fixed upon the carriage
frame, which pinions are intended to be turned by toothed wheels fitted on a
cranked axle or axles, which may also be mounted on the carriage, the cranks
or half cranks of which gearing are intended to be turned by means of con-
necting rods attached to the bottom rods of the pistons of the pumps or of
the cylinders of the motive power apparatus. We have shown in the
accompanying Drawing; at Figures 1, 2, and 3, the machine or apparatus
previously described, with the addition of the auxiliary gearing. The forward
motion of the carriage is produced by the cranked axle wheels in Figure 1
being placed on the rails or bearing surfaces formed by the tops of the pistons
or plungers belonging to the cylinders or boxes fixed on the internal surface,
or within the rim of the large wheels, which being charged with fluid, and the
wheels kept in position by their flanges, the greater portion of the weight of
the carriage being thus placed on the upper end of a piston of each large
wheel or "annular" presses down the pistons, and the inner wheel so falls
and rolls, thus causing the cranked axles to revolve and produce the motion
required by the series of yieldings and impacts, which in effect is much like
that of the small wheels and their load descending a series of short or limited
inclines. The machine can be stopped by shutting the stop-cocks in the
supply pipes to the cylinders, and applying a break if necessary. The fore
wheels of the carriage should be made to lock or turn by means of a lever or
levers. The machine may be reversed by altering the direction of the
eccentric, thus shutting off the direct supply from the naves to the cylinders
on the carriage, and from the cylinder pumps to the naves, and causing the
supply which should go to the outside of the naves to be forced to the inside,
and vice versa, by means of branch pipes and stop-cocks, as shewn in Drawing
Figure 1, and also by allowing the waste water to flow back to the tanks by
means of branch pipes and stop-cocks that can be regulated as may be
required. On the carriage are to be placed auxiliary double-action pumps,
one for each of the "annulars" or cylinder wheels, which form the external
or rolling wheels in contact with the ground (or with the rails); these pumps
are respectively connected by pipes to the cylinders on the carriage, and draw.

page_text: their supply through suction pipes from the tanks, and may be used by hand
if necessary to force back the pistons of the driving cylinders, and also to:
make good any leakage by means of branch pipes connected to the supply
pipes leading to the naves.. The machine can be made suitable for tramroads
by flanging the external surface of the "annulars" or the external wheels.
Instead of using or employing pumps attached to the working cylinders for
the purpose of producing a circulation of the water (or other fluid), so as to:
give a fresh supply of cold water at each stroke, the former may be dispensed
with; as the water may in the simpler action of the apparatus be transferred
from the cylinders direct to the naves of the large or external wheels or
"annulars," and so be circulated back and forth between those parts of the
apparatus without passing through the pumps, as herein previously described.
Instead of employing the toothed wheel gearing shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3,:
and which has been herein described as used for the purpose of transmitting:
more uniformi rotary motion and power to the external diameter or periphery.
of the large wheels 'or." annulars," this gearing may be dispensed with, and.
simpler action, produced by the direct circulation of the fluid from the series
of cylinders in the large wheel to the naves thereof and back again, be
maintained.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings we have shown five views in:
illustration of our improvements as applied to a carriage which may either be
made suitable for running upon railways, tramways, or common roads, and
we have therein, for the sake of clearness, confined ourselves to two of the:
modes or methods of putting our Invention into practice as heřein-before
described; and although we have also preferred to show or describe certain:
forms of parts of the machine or apparatus, yet those may of course be varied:
in shape or configuration, proportions, and arrangement and disposition with.
reference to each other, as also with reference to the whole. Moreover the
means for compensating for absorption and loss of power, the making up of
waste from leakage or other cause, as well as the due maintenance of efficiency
in the apparatus, have not been added as additional illustrations in the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings as that is considered unnecessary, it being self-
evident that by the use or employment of any means of accumulating power:
or transmitting force, such as by means of a crank turned by hand power or.a.
small steam engine, by which rotary or reciprocating motion may be produced-
for the foregoing purposes, and by the use of an "accumulator," as in the>
Armstrong hydraulic machinery, the most economic effects may be obtained.
and the use or employment of the smallest amount of manual or other power
be rendered necessary; or by the direct application of heat to a close vessel-

page_text: containing water the necessary amount of expansive force may be obtained in
such a vessel entirely filled with water or other fluid, as, there being no room
for the generation of steam or vapor, the expansion of the fluid due to the
increased temperature may be taken advantage of for the purpose of generating
force, the direction of which is readily under control.
In the arrangement of pumps and pressure apparatus and the proportion
and disposition of the several parts thereof changes or modifications must
necessarily be made in accordance with the circumstances or conditions under
which they work so as to adapt them to the particular requirements in each case.
The novel mode of communicating force to the motion wheels by means of a
series of yieldings, and also of a series of impacts operating upon the external
surface of the internal wheel at a point behind the vertical line of the axis thereof,
and thus producing a forward motion of the entire machine, is however to be
preserved or maintained in every case whatever the other modifications may
be, and those alternating movements being administered through the pistons
or plungers fitted within the internal circumference of the external wheels,
which in fact form rails or bearing surfaces for the external surfaces of the
internal wheels to rest and run upon, the giving way, yielding, or lowering
of one bearing surface immediately beneath the axis, axial line, or point of
support, together with the pressure or impact applied at a point in each case
behind the centre or axis, produces in turn a rotary motion of the main or
external wheels, which resting upon a rail or the ground will roll thereupon
and advance, producing thereby a forward motion of the entire machine.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a carriage and its machinery constructed in
accordance with our Invention. In this view, for the purpose of rendering
unnecessary other illustrative Figures, the wheel gearing and its connections
herein-before referred to are shown as combined with the simple and first-
described apparatus. Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an
end elevation, partly in section, of a machine constructed according to our
Invention. In each of these Figures the same or corresponding parts are
designated by like letters of reference.
A, A, is the carriage frame; B, B, the wheel guards and wings of the main
frame, within which the large wheels are mounted; C, C, two water tanks;
D, D, the diagonal bracings and stays of the carriage frame; E, E, the main
axle, forming a double crank shaft, joined in the centre and coupled by a
clutch box. Each portion of the shaft or axle is supported in two bearings,
and the smaller wheel is fitted on to the overhanging end of each piece of the
crank shaft. F, F, the small wheels for supporting the weight of the carriage
upon the inner periphery of the large wheels or "annulars" G, G; and

page_text: although these are shown as having an exterior toothed wheel into which the
intermediate pinion is geared (they would otherwise be plain on their exterior
surface), for the purpose of enabling the additional wheel gearing and appa-
ratus proposed (in some cases) to be employed, to be applied in aid. These
large wheels or "annulars" each contain the four series of cylinders or boxes
with their pistons, better shown in detail in Figures 4 and 5. H is the fore
wheel or steerer, of which I is the tiller; K, K, are the motive. power cylin-
ders;.
L, L,' the connecting rods by which the motion of the pistons is com-
municated to the crank shaft; M is the force pump by which the circulation
of the water pressure is maintained.
:
..The following small letters of reference relate to those parts of the apparatus
which we propose to employ as a means of applying the power at a convenient
point or points to the main wheels or "annulars" for the purpose of producing
the rotary motion thereof. a is a cross head fitted on to a prolongation of the
piston rod of the force pump M; at each end of the cross head a is a guide
rod 6 working in the guide holes of the standard c; d, a connecting rod. by
which motion is communicated to the spur wheelf through the crank ; 9;
the intermediate pinion by which, the motion of the wheel'f is communicated
to the large wheel or "annular" G. Two pumps, which are shown as being
set in motion by hand, each through a small hand wheel and crank, are placed
immediately over the tanks C, C, for the purpose of starting the apparatus and
maintaining it in action. It is here that the donkey engine or other motive
power apparatus herein-before referred to may be applied in. substitution for
or in addition to the hand pumps.
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of one of the large wheels or
"annulars" shewing the principal details thereof, this view being nearly wholly
in section. a¹ is the large wheel or annular; 6, the recessed teeth in the
periphery of the annular; c', the small wheel, which is mounted upon the
cranked axle through which the power is transmitted thereto; d' is one of
the cylinders, of which there are several around the inner periphery of the
large wheel or "annular;" e', the piston with its rod or shank, upon the outer
end of which a curved plate is secured for the purpose of receiving the pressure
of the small wheel and its load.. The cylinders d¹, d, are connected together
in pairs alternately; the connections on the inner side of the wheel are
marked f, and those on the outer side 9', whilst the vertical connection
between the beginning and ending of each section or quarter of the large
wheel are, by means of the hollow or tubular stays h¹, h¹, connected with the
central boss, hub, or axle of the large wheel, which forms a double cylindrical
chamber, as herein-before described, the central diaphragm or division plate

page_text: therein, and the passage ways, packing spaces, and other fittings being shown
in Figures 4 and 5. The stays or spokes in Figure 4 are shewn solid, the
other radial lines between the nave and periphery being tubes. The positions
and arrangement of the valves are also shewn in the cylinder and upon the
radial connecting pipes. Figure 5 shews the general arrangement and com-
bination of the cocks, valves, and slides surrounding the nave of the wheel,
the action of which has already been described.
Having herein-before described our Invention, and the manner in which we
prefer to put the same into practice, we wish it to be understood that we do
not intend to claim separately any of the parts, or anything herein contained,
which may be old or well known as to its form, shape, or configuration, its
function, action, or utility, nor the elemental character, scope, or peculiarity
thereof, unless the several parts or some of them are combined together,
applied, and utilised in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth; but
what we claim is,―
First, the construction of hydro-motive or fluid pressure machines, as herein
described.
Second, the mode or method herein described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing of constructing hydro-motive or fluid pressure machines.
Third, the mode or method of applying pressure and transmitting motion
through or by means of a fluid circulating through pipes and vessels, as herein
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
:
Fourth; the use or employment of a series of cylinders or boxes with pistons
arranged around the interior of a ring or "annular," as herein described, for
the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
second day of June, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
EDMUND DWYER 10)