Improvements in and relating to a System of Telegraphic Communication.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 28th Dec., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to a System of Telegraphic
Communication.
I, ISIDOR KITSÉE, of No. 126 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
United States of America, Analytical Chemist and Electrical Expert, do hereby
declare the nature of. this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement:
The invention relates to telegraphic communications and has for its object the:
sending and receiving in a new and improved manner of telegraphic messages or
signals by electricity.
1. Without the aid of a continuous metallic circuit between sending and
receiving stations.
2. With the aid of a continuous metallic circuit, enabling operators to send or.
receive messages according to this my invention at the same time as other messages
are transmitted over the line, without interfering with such messages.
To this end, the invention consists in the special features hereinafter
described.
Referring to the accompanying drawings Figures 1, 2 and 3 have reference to
the first part of my invention, and Figure 4 has reference to the second part of my
invention.
Figure 1 represents in a diagrammatic view my improved system of telegraphic
communication between two stationary points.
Figure 2 represents in a diagrammatic. view the same system as carried out
between one stationary point and one moving object.
Figure 3 represents in a similar view the same system as carried out between two
movable objects.
Figure 4 represents in a diagrammatic view a telegraphic system in which the
sending and receiving stations are connected through a metallic conductor, and both
are provided with my invention, as well as the usual sender and receiver.
I will first describe such parts of the drawings, and the working of the same, as
have reference to the first part of my invention.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3, A and A' are two telegraphic stations, each being
provided with similar sending and receiving devices. B is the table on which the
devices are mounted, C the key for sending the messages. D the batteries connected
with one pole through wire 1 to the lower part of the key, the upper part of which
is, through wire 2 connected to the primary e of the inductorium E, which in
turn is connected through the vibrator and wire 3 with the opposite pole of the
battery D.
The manipulation of the key is in principle the same as in the common Morse.
system.
:
But here the similarity ends. In ordinary telegraphy only one impulse is sent,
no matter how short or long the closing period of the key is; in the sender as.'
illustrated, the longer or shorter closing-time of the key is equal to the production
and therefore sending of a greater. or lesser number of recurring or alternating
impulses, as will later on be more fully explained..
PIT
The secondary of the inductorium E is connected on one end, through wire 5 with.
the vacuum tube F, and through wire 6 with one of the contact points 9 of the
switch G; the other end of the vacuum tube is connected through wire 7 with the.
:
:

page_text: other contact point g' of the same switch G. The switch itself is permanently
connected at K through wire 8 with the ground.
The arrangement and mode of working is as stated above, not essentially
different from existing telegraph systems. The dissimilarity commences when the
result of the working is taken into consideration. In existing systems the key is
connected directly with the source of straight current and with the out-going line
wire, and the closing of the key results in the uninterrupted flow of a straight
current; its effect at the receiving station is equal to the effect of an electrical
impulse, lasting in its chemical or magnetic action as long as the flow of the
current, and therefore as the closing-time of the key. But the interposition of
the inductorium changes the effect. The key no longer directly connected to the
line-wire, but forming with the primary of the inductorium and the batteries, a
separate and local circuit, effects directly only the flow of the current in the wire
forming the primary of the inductorium. Each closing of the key, supposing the
vibrator to be a permanent connection, would therefore induce in the secondary of
said inductorium only one impulse, but the vibrator being in action at the same time
that the key is closed, it follows that the induced impulses in the secondary wires
correspond in number with the number of vibrations of the vibrator. Each closing
as well as each opening producing its own induced impulse. The longer therefore,
the key stays depressed, the greater the number of induced impulses generated and
sent over the outgoing line-wire. It is therefore in reality not only one impulse
which is sent by each depression of the key, but a number of impulses. This is the
first fundamental difference from existing telegraphic systems, working on the
Morse principle.
The second fundamental difference is found in the mode of receiving.
The induced impulses created in the secondary wires of the inductorium are of
intensely high E.M.F. they, as is well known, will in a vacuum tube produce the
peculiar glow with which all versed in the art, are well acquainted. The closing
of the key, in sending a current, through the intervention of the vibrator, through
the primary wires, generates the necessary induced impulses to create the glow
referred to, but to the naked eye, this action seems one continuous glow, and the
greater or lesser number of induced impulses, translated as they are in the vacuum
tube into the continuous glowing, effect only the glow-time, in other words the
longer the key stays depressed at the sending station, the longer will be the glow-
time at the receiving station and the shorter the time of the closing of the key,
the shorter will be the glow time. We therefore have in reality the Morse-system
with its dots and dashes, represented by the shorter or longer glow-time of the
vacuum tube at the receiving station.
:
This method of sending and receiving may be adapted on ordinary telegraph
lines with unbroken metallic connections between sender and receiver, it may and
undoubtedly has, advantage in submarine cabling, but it is of the highest value,
and even a necessity, where the telegraphing or signalling has to be done without
a. continuous metallic circuit between the two stations.
In all figures, the wires emanating from the stations, stationary or movable, with
the exception of the stationary line in Figure 2 have their extreme ends connected
to the conducting plate H. In. Figure 1, illustrating the system as carried on
between two stationary points, additional plates H2 are placed. These plates are
supported by non-conducting uprights and have to be well insulated. The office
of these additional plates is, to concentrate the electric impulses between the end-
plates, if the saine are at too great a distance from each other, but can be dispensed
with if the distance of the end-plates can be overcome by the direct impulses
generated at the sending station.
The end plates of a stationary system should be supported as high up in the
air as possible, and in direct line. In cities they should be elevated above the
intervening buildings.
In Figure 2 my invention is illustrated as applied to a car on a steam road. The
continuous wire of existing telegraphic circuits may be used as the wire illustrated

page_text: in this figure and lettered 4, 4, 4. The plate H on the car should face the wire,
and should be, as all end-plates have to be, of the largest dimension practice can
allow. The system as applied to moving cars is such, that telegraphic com-
munications can easily be established and maintained, and the messages received
will be read by the operator in the car with as much ease as if the noise and
jolting incident to the travel, did not exist.
Figure 3 illustrates the invention, as applied to two vessels at sea.
The two
plates H are fastened to the upper part of the masts. The return circuit is
established through the water. The equipment with this system will be of great
advantage not only for vessels of commerce, but telegraphic and signalling between
men of war in time of action can be quicker and safer accomplished with this than
with the ordinary flag system.
.
Referring now to Figure 4 which as stated above, illustrates the second part of
the invention, the line-wire or cable connects the two stations S and S' with' each
other. Each of these stations is provided with the usual sending-receiving and
other necessary instruments. Each station is also provided with my sending and
receiving devices. The first or sender consists as illustrated, of a converting
device, having three coils A, B, C respectively. A is the primary coil, having
connected thereto the key with its movable lever K, and stationary contact K¹.
This coil is connected by wires W, and W' to a source of electricity. The
secondary coil B is inserted in (connected in series to) the line-wire or cable. The
tertiary coil C is connected to the vacuum-tube D.
If the wires W and W₁ are connected to batteries or other straight current
generators, a vibrator or pole changer has to be placed in the circuit between
coil A and source of electricity; but if said source is a generator of alternating
impulses, the vibrator or pole changer is, as is apparent to all who are versed in
the art, not necessary.
As illustrated, each converting device consists of three coils, the reason for this
arrangement is the following.
One of three methods can be adapted in carrying out that part of my invention
which has for its object the sending of messages.
1. The primary coil of a converter can be connected to a source of electricity
and line-wire respectively, and the primary impulses sent over the line and then
with the aid of a localized secondary and vacuum-tube locally converted into the
necessary high tension and glow. But such arrangement necessitates the
employment of rheostats, balances and other devices, the employment of which
should be obviated if possible.
2. The secondary coil of the converter can be inserted in the line-wire. This
would obviate the question of connection, but as the impulses, especially if the same
should be received as a glow with the aid of a vacuum-tube, have to be of very
high pressure, the frequent supports of a land-line or the comparative small
insulating space of a sub-marine cable may not sufficiently prevent the escape of
the electric energy.
The third method, the one illustrated and preferred, is, to first send through a
localized primary, rapidly recurring or alternating impulses, then to translate the
same in and with the aid of a secondary coil connected in series to the line-wire or
cable, thereby sending the so translated impulses over the line-wire or cable. These
secondary impulses should be of lower intensity than is necessary for the glow of the
vacuum-space.
The modus operandi for sending and receiving messages is a very simple one.
At the sending station, the operator connects coil A through his sending key
with the source of electricity. With the aid of this key he sends through the coil
(the primary) currents of electricity. These impulses in A, which are recurring
or alternating, induce impulses in B, corresponding in time to the time of the flow
of impulses in A.
These impulses travel over the line-wire or cable and the coil inserted in the line
at the receiving station. I therefore have as a result of the sending of the message,

page_text: travelling over the line, rapidly alternating impulses of such small am's that the
other sending or receiving instruments, depending as they do on the movement of
the armature of an electromagnetic device, cannot respond and remain, practically
unaffected by the flow of these impulses.
As around each of the coils B, sending as well as receiving station, the tertiary
coil C is wound, it follows that the alternating impulses travelling through B will
induce alternating impulses in C, and as the coils are wound to the necessary high
potential, the generated tertiary impulses will, if the terminals of the coil are
connected to a vacuum-tube or device similar in its action, produce in said tube
or similar device a glow, corresponding in time, to the time of the electric
impulses generated through induction, shorter glow-time for dot, longer glow-time
for dash.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In a system of telegraphic communications, two or more stations, each being
provided with a source of rapidly recurring or alternating currents of electricity, a
sending key and a vacuum-tube or similar device as receiver.
2nd. A system of telegraphic communications, consisting of sending and
receiving station, the sending station being connected with a source of rapidly
recurring or alternating currents of electricity, the receiving station being
connected with a vacuum or Geisler-tube, as and for the purpose specified.
3rd. The method of telegraphic communications according to the alphabetical
code, which consists in sending for each one character of each letter or sign, a
multitude of electrical impulses and receiving the same as a seeming continuous
glow-light at the receiving station with the aid of a vacuum-tube or device similar
in its action.
"
4th. In electric communications without a continuous metallic circuit a vehicle
moving along the road of travel, a metallic conductor placed along said road of
travel, said vehicle being provided with a source of rapidly recurring or alternating
impulses, and a sending key, and also with a vacuum tube or similar device as &
receiver, the stationary station connected with said metallic conductor being
provided with similar sending and receiving devices as said moving car.
5th. In electric communications without a continuous metallic circuit two or.
more vessels, each being provided with a source of rapidly recurring or alternating
currents of electricity, a sending key and a vacuum-tube or similar device as
receiver.
6th. The method of electric communications which consists in sending at pre-
arranged intervals through a localized primary of a converter, rapidly recurring or
alternating impulses, converting in and sending the same through a secondary
connected to the line-wire or cable to the receiving station, converting the
transmitted impulses with the aid of a localized tertiary into higher potential and
translating the same into glow-light with the aid of a vacuum-device.
7th. A system of electric communications consisting of a line wire or cable
provided as to each of its terminals with the usual sending or receiving instruments
or both, and also with a source of localized rapidly recurring or alternating electric
impulses, a converting coil inserted into the line wire or cable, and a vacuum-tube
connected to a third localized coil, in proximity to the second coil.
8th. A system of electric communications consisting of a metallic line connecting
one or more sending and one or more receiving stations, the sending stations being
provided with a source of rapidly recurring or alternating impulses, and a
sending key and the receiving station being provided with a vacuum device as
receiver.
9th. In telegraphy, a sending instrument consisting of the primary and secondary
coil of a converter, the primary coil being localized and the secondary coil
connected to the line-wire, and a receiving instrument consisting of the secondary

page_text: and tertiary coil of a converter, the secondary coil being connected to the line wire,
and the tertiary coil being locally connected to a vacuum-tube or a device similar
in its action.
10th. In a system of electric communications, two or more stations connected
together by line-wire or cable, both being provided with the usual sending and
receiving instruments, and also with a source of rapidly recurring or alternating
impulses for sending, and a vacuum-tube or similar instrument for receiving.
Dated this 26th day of November 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.