AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SPINNING, TWISTING, AND TWINING COTTON, FLAX, SILK, WOOL, OR ANY OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
WRIGHT, of the City of Edinburgh, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of July, in the fifth year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Peter Wright, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Peter Wright, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Wright, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
SPINNING, TWISTING, AND TWINING COTTON, FLAX, SILK, WOOL, OR ANY OTHER
SUITABLE SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I, the said Peter Wright, should cause à particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Peter Wright, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
The impractibility of spinning fine and soft yarns at any very considerable
speed by means of a flyer, as in the throstle frame, is well known to practical
spinners, arising from the tension or strain to which the yarn must necessarily
be subjected in dragging round the bobbin or spool on which it is intended to
be wound, and the consequent liability of breaking the yarn or separating the
fibres. This objection to the flyer has hitherto in a great measure confined its
employment to the spinning of hard twisted yarns of coarse or what are
denominated low numbers. To obviate, therefore, this difficulty in con-
nection with throstle spinning, is a principal object of my improvement, and
which consists in a means or method of relieving and regulating the tension or
strain sustained by the yarn in overcoming the friction of the bobbin or spool.
I effect this object by giving to the spindle which carries the bobbin a distinct
rotary movement from that by which the flyer is driven. These distinct
movements I communicate to the bobbins and to the flyers respectively through
the agency of bands from separate and distinct driving drums, by means of
which I am enabled to drive the bobbins in the same direction as the flyers, with a
different speed from that of the flyers, and, by regulating these differences of
speed, to allow more or less friction to operate upon the bobbins, and thereby
to temper or regulate the taking-up drag according to the strength of the yarn
intended to be wound upon the barrels of such bobbins or spools.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of part of a
throstle frame, in which several bobbins and flyers are shewn mounted upon
my improved plan.
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same, shewing the situations of the
distinct driving drums, and the manner in which the bands are passed from
one of the drums to the wharves, whirles, or pullies of the bobbin spindles,
and from the other drum to the wharves of the flyer spindles.
Figure 3 represents a bobbin and flyer of their real size, mounted on my
improved plan; and Figure 4 shews the same in vertical section, taken through
the middle of the bobbin and flyer and their spindles and wharves.
Figure 5 represents the same as Figure 3, except that in this instance a

page_text: spool is substituted for the bobbin, and the arms of the flyer are extended in
length. a is a hollow spindle mounted in the stationary rails 6, b, in front
of the machine, having a wharve, whirl, or pulley c firmly fixed upon it. The
manner in which these hollow spindles are secured in the calls will be perceived
by reference to Figure 3. Conical apertures are made through the rails b, b,
with bushes or collars d, d, fitted therein, the external figures of which are
conical, corresponding with the apertures in the rails; but the internal forms of
the of the bushes or collars are truly cylindrical, accurately fitting the journals
of the spindle. In order to mount these spindles in the rails b, b, the bush or
collar d having been secured in the lower rail, the top end of the spindle a is
passed upwards through the aperture in the upper rail, and then, being brought
into a perpendicular position, the bottom end of the spindle is inserted into
the socket or bush d of the lower rail, the shoulder of the spindle bearing
upon the top of the bush. The other bush or collar is then put over the top
end of the spindle and driven down into the conical aperture of the upper
rail, by means of which the spindle becomes firmly secured in the rails, but
is allowed to turn freely. The bottom end of the spindle a is slightly
conical on its outer surface, and the aperture e, in the centre of the
neck of the flyer f. f, is made conical also, to correspond; the flyer
may therefore be securely attached to the hollow spindle by pressing its
aperture e on to the conical end of the spindle a, and they will by this mode
of attachment be more accurately connected than by any other means, and by
the adhesion of the surfaces be firmly held together without any other mode
of fastening. The bottom spindle g is mounted in the two parallel traverse
or copping rails h, h, in a perpendicular position coincident with the centre
of the flyer spindle. Upon this spindle g is firmly fixed a wharve, whirl, or
pulley i. The lower end of this spindle bears in a cup or step k, having an
adjustable screw at bottom to determine its height. A journal toward the
upper part of the spindle g turns in a bush, fixed in the upper copping rail h,
which rail being raised to introduce the spindle, its top end is passed through,
and being thus mounted in its bearings the spindle is enabled to revolve
freely. A disc m is fixed upon the spindle, above the copping rail, for the
purpose of supporting the bobbin or spool n, placed loosely upon the spindle,
with a washer or collar of cloth or other suitable material intervening between
the disc and bobbin, for the purpose of regulating the friction of the bobbin
when dragged round upon the spindle. The bands being now extended from
the driving drum O over the wharves C of the flyer spindles, as shewn in
Figure 2, and the other bands from the drum p over the wharves i of the
bobbin spindle, the machine is in a condition for working. The yarus,.

page_text: delivered from the front drawing rollers in the usual manner, proceed down-
wards, and pass through the hollow spindle a to the flyers f, and being con-
ducted by hooks on the arms of the flyers, and by the scrolls at their ends, are
thence led off to the barrels of the bobbins or, spools. The.machine being now
put into operation, the fly spindles a are made to revolve with such a speed as
may be desirable, according to the kind of yarn intended to, be spun. The
spindles g, carrying the bobbins, are also driven, but by a different speed, in
order that the rotation of the bobbins may vary from that of the flyers, for
the purpose of causing the yarns to wind on to the barrels of the bobbins.or
spools as the rotation of the flyers spin or twist their fibres. The proportions of
speed between the bobbin and the flyer may be exactly equivalent to the taking
up or winding on; but in that case there would be no drag on the bobbin
by the tension of the yarn. As, however, it is not my intention, in taking up
or winding on the yarns to dispense with a drag upon tlie bobbin, I make the
speed of the bobbins and that of the flyers sufficiently dissimilar to produce a
sensible drag; and in order to regulate or qualify that drag, according to, the
strength of the yarns intended to be spun, I give to the bobbin spindles such
speed as circumstances may require, compared to the speed of the .flyers; and
thus I am enabled to temper or qualify the drag to suit any kind or quality
or number of yarns spun by a flyer in a machine of the description of the
throstle frame, the speed of the driving drums o and p being of course deter-
mined by the diameters of the wheels employed to actuate them. A mode
of adapting a pendent flyer to a throstle frame, in which the bobbin turns
on a fixed spindle, is shewn in the Drawings at Figure 6, which is a front
view of part of a throstle frame so constructed, and Figure 7. is a transverse
section of the same. The pendent flyer, adapted to a bobbin turning upon
a stationary spindle, is shewn in Figure 8, of its real size, and the same
adapted to a spool is represented in Figure 9, the bobbin being represented
in vertical section at Figure 10, and the spool at Figure 11. The flyer and
its spindle is constructed and mounted in the two fixed parallel rails, exactly
in the manner described above. The bobbin or the spool fits loosely on to
a stationary spindle, fixed by an adjusting screw in the copping rail in the
way shewn in these last-mentioned Figures; and rotary motion being given
by the driving drum to the spindle of the flyer, the yarn by its tension
will drag round the bobbin or spool, and the taking up or winding on will be
effected by the friction which retards its rotation. By this last-described
arrangement, the spindle upon which the bobbin is drawn round being firmly
fixed to the copping rail, the bobbin will move with the utmost steadiness,
and not be subject to that vibratory action which would occur if it had con-

page_text: nection with the rotary motion of the flyer; and by the mode of expending the
flyer to the hollow spindle by conical surfaces, and supporting the spindle in
the two parallel rails, as exhibited in the Drawings, the flyers will be brought so
near their bearings that they will be enabled to revolve with the greatest speed
without being subject to shake or vibration.
Having now described my improved method of spinning, twisting, and
twining cotton, flax, silk, wool, or any other suitable substance, I desire it to
be understood that my claims of improvement consist,―
First, in the described method of giving to the flyers and to the bobbins of
a throstle frame, or other similar machinery for spinning and doubling yarns or
threads, distinct and dissimilar rotary motions, for the purpose of regulating
the tension or drag sustained by the yarns or threads in winding on to bobbins
or spools.
Secondly, the peculiar construction and mode of connection of the flyer
and its spindle; and,
Thirdly, the adaptation and combination of stationary spindles, with the
improved pendent flyers, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Wright, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
PETER (L.S.) WRIGHT.
T
PETER (L.S.) WRIGHT.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of January, in
the fifth year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the said
Peter Wright came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Seventeenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred