Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Oct., 1887
Complete Left, 26th June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th July, 1888
[Communicated from abroad by THE Actiengesellschaft für PAPIER UND Druck
INDUSTRIE LEYKAM JOSEFSTHAL, of 12, Maximilianstrasse, Vienna, in the
Empire of Austria.]
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :-
It is well known that jute, being a cheap fibrous material, finds a very extensive
and continually increasing employment in the textile industries; and in the like
proportion, the quantities of old or used jute fabrics which are applicable for the
purposes of paper manufacture also steadily increase.
Heretofore it has only been possible to a small extent to employ jute in the finer
kinds of yarns and fabrics, because of the difficulty experienced in bleaching it.
All the methods of bleaching hitherto tried are so expensive, that their employment
is barely remunerative, and in many cases the results have been scarcely satisfactory,
as notwithstanding the large quantities of bleaching materials employed, which tend
to deprive the fibre of much of its strength and weight, the bleaching effect has been
comparatively but slight.
Also, in the paper manufacture, on account of the difficulty of bleaching jute really
white, the enormous quantities of jute rags annually available for the purpose havo
been almost exclusively employed for ordinary packing or coarse papers, and in the
best cases they have only served for the production of dark colored or yellow toned
kinds of medium quality at best.
In the well known works of Carl Hoffmann and Dr. L. Müller, the difficulty of
bleaching jute is treated of, and for this reason manufacturers are dissuaded from the
employment of jute for white papers.
Now according to the present invention, the bleaching of jute fibres to a pure white
can be effected, and that by a simple and inexpensive process, the fibres being left in
such a state that they may be very advantageously employed for many purposes in
the arts.

page_text: The jute fibre loses through this new method of bleaching but little of its original
strength and weight, whilst on the other hand it gains much in point of flexibility
and elasticity, so that paper (for example) made from the same is less liable to tear
than ordinary paper, and is also less likely to crack when bent, or to wear from
friction, than other paper.
It may be here remarked that jute in every form, that is to say, in the raw state,
as rags, paper half stuff, yarn, or fabric, may be subjected to this new bleaching
process.
-
In carrying out the invention, the jute (in whatever form) to be bleached, after
being boiled in an alkaline solution, is treated (for the purpose of attacking the
coloring matter contained in the jute, and which it is so difficult to bleach) with
chlorine gas or chloric hydrate, until it takes an orange tint, and after the acid or
other substances formed during this process have been washed out, the jute is treated
with a cold or warm weak alkaline solution, for example, of caustic soda, caustic
potash, caustic ammonia, soda, potash, lime, or a mixture of several of these, which
converts the greater portion of the coloring matter (already altered in its character by
means of the chlorine gas or chloric hydrate) into a form easily soluble in water, so
that the color can be easily separated from the jute by washing. After the washing,
the jute can be bleached as easily as any other vegetable fibre in the ordinary way
with chloride of lime &c., and thereby becomes a valuable fibrous material for use in
the manufacture of paper and in the textile industries.
The following will serve as an example of the employment of the new process in
effecting the bleaching of the jute in, say, 100 kilos of jute rags, for use in making
paper.
The rags are cut up in the usual way, and with the addition of say 15% of caustic
Lime are boiled for 10 hours at a pressure of 14 atmospheres. They are then reduced
to half stuff, which is deprived of the greater part of its moisture in a centrifugal
machine or press. The stuff thus prepared is placed in a gas chamber, and is saturated
with chlorine gas during from 12 to 24 hours, or for a shorter time (as may be
necessary). The chlorine gas for the purpose of this treatment may be obtained by
the action of about 75 kilos of hydrochloric acid of 20 Bè. upon 20 kilos of manganese
compound containing from 78 to 80% of peroxide of manganese.
The jute, which will have received an orange tint, is next washed in an engine or
cylinder to get rid of any acid which may have resulted from previous operations, and
then treated with a weak alkaline solution, say from 0.5 to 1 kilo caustic soda dissolved
in water per 100 kilos jute, which small quantity of alkali is sufficient to convert the
coloring matter (already altered by the action of the chlorine, and remaining in the
fibres after the washing) into a form easily soluble in water, so that the same can be
easily removed as a dark brown fluid by further washing in suitable apparatus.
After this last washing, the jute can be bleached in the ordinary way to a high
degree of whiteness, by using from 5 to 7 kilos of chloride of lime per 100 kilos of
jute as the bleaching agent. It will thus be seen that the essential feature of the new
treatment of jute in any form, consists in subjecting the jute, after it has been boiled
in a caustic solution, to the action of chlorine gas or chloric hydrate, and then
submitting the same to further treatment with an alkaline solution for the purpose of
converting the coloring matter into a form soluble in water.
Dated this 27th day of October 1887

page_text: I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
:-
It is well known that jute being a cheap fibrous material, finds a very extensive,
and continually increasing employment in the textile industries; and in the like pro-
portion, the quantities of old or used jute fabrics which are available for the purposes of
paper manufacture, also steadily increase.
Heretofore it has only been possible, to a small extent, to employ jute in the
finer kinds of yarns and fabrics, because of the difficulty experienced in bleaching it.
All the methods of bleaching hitherto tried are so expensive that their employment
is barely remunerative, and in many cases the results have been scarcely satisfactory,
as notwithstanding the large quantities of bleaching materials employed, (which tend
to deprive the fibre of much of its strength and weight), the bleaching effect has been
comparatively but slight.
Also in the paper manufacture, on account of the difficulty of bleaching jute really
white, the enormous quantites of jute rags annually available for the purpose have been
almost exclusively employed for ordinary packing or coarse papers, and in the best
cases, they have only served for the production of dark colored or yellow toned kinds
of medium quality.
In the well-known publications of Carl Hoffmann and Dr. L. Müller, the difficulty
of bleaching jute is treated of, and owing to this difficulty, manufacturers are
dissuaded from the employment of jute for white papers.
Now according to the present invention, the bleaching of jute fibres to a puré
white can be effected; and that by a simple and inexpensive process, the fibres being
left in such a state that they may be very advantageously employed for many
purposes in the arts.
The jute fibre loses, through this new method of bleaching, but little of its original
strength and weight, whilst, on the other hand, it gains much in point of flexibility
and elasticity, so that paper, for example, made from the same, is less liable to tear
than ordinary paper, and is also less likely to crack when bent; or to wear from
friction, than other paper.
It may be here remarked that jute in every form, that is to say, in the raw state,
as rags, paper half stuff, yarn, or fabric, may be subjected to this new bleaching
process.
In carry out the invention, the jute (in whatever form) to be bleached, after being
boiled in an alkaline solution, is treated, (for the purpose of oxidising the coloring
matter contained in the jute, and which it is so difficult to remove), with chlorine gas
or chloric hydrate, until it takes an orange tint. The acid or other substances formed
during this process are then washed out, and the jute is treated with a cold or warm

page_text: weak alkaline solution, for example, of caustic soda, caustic potash, caustic ammonia,
soda, potash,.lime, or a mixture of two or more of these, which converts the greater
portion of the colouring matter (already altered in its character by means of the
chlorine gas or chloric hydrate) into a form easily soluble in water. The color is then
easily separated from the jute by washing. After the washing, the jute can be bleached
as easily as any other vegetable fibre in the ordinary way, with chloride of lime &c.,
and thereby becomes a valuable fibrous material for use in the manufacture of paper.
and in the textile industries.
The following will serve as an example of the employment of the new process in
effecting the bleaching of the jute in, say, 100 kilos of jute rags for use in making
paper.
The rags are cut up in the usual way, and with the addition of, say, 15% of caustic
lime, are boiled for 10 hours at a pressure of 1 atmospheres. They are then reduced
to half stuff, which is deprived of the greater part of its moisture in a centrifugal
machine or press. The stuff thus prepared is placed in a gas chamber, and is saturated
with chlorine gas during from 12 to 24 hours, or for a shorter time (as may be
necessary). The chlorine gas for the purpose of this treatment may be obtained by the
action of about 75 kilos of hydrochloric acid of 20° Bé. upon 20 kilos of manganese
compound containing from 78 to 80; % of peroxide of manganese.
The jute, which will have received an orange tint, is next washed in an engine or
cylinder to get rid of any acid which may have resulted from previous operations, and
is then treated with a weak alkaline solution. This solution may consist of from 0.5
to one kilo caustic soda per 100 kilos jute, dissolved in such an amount of water as
will be sufficient to moisten equally the given quantity of jute. This small quantity of
alkali is sufficient to convert the coloring matter (already oxidised by the action of the
chlorine, and remaining in the fibres after the washing) into a form easily soluble in
water, so that the same can be easily removed as a dark brown fluid by further washing
in suitable apparatus.
After this last washing, the jute can be bleached in the ordinary way to a high
degree of whiteness, by using from to 7 kilos of chloride of lime per 100 kilos of
jute as the bleaching agent.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
The process of bleaching jute as herein described, and consisting in first boiling the
jute with caustic lime, then submitting it to the action of chlorine gas or chloric
hydrate, treating it with an alkaline solution, with one or more intermediate and subse-
quent washings, and afterwards bleaching in the ordinary way by chloride of lime,
as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 26th day of Tune 1000
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant..