Improvements in Apparatus for Condensing Vapours and Cooling Gases or Liquids.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1889-Accepted, 28th Dec.. 1889
Improvements in Apparatus for Condensing Vapours and Cooling
Gases or Liquids.
I, JOSEF POPPER, Manufacturer, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to air condensers and cooling apparatus in which air is used
5 as the cooling medium, and the liquid or other fluid to be cooled does not come into
direct contact with the cooling air itself but is contained in a closed vessel or vessels.
In order that our invention may be the better understood I now proceed to describe
the same in relation to the drawings hereunto annexed, references being had to the
letters and figures marked thereon, like letters refer to like parts throughout the
figures.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of my apparatus.
Figure 2 is a front view of the same.
Figure 3 is a part sectional view of a cooling apparatus in which the cooling
chambers are arranged obliquely.
Figure 4 is a plan of the same.
Figure 5 is a front view of the separate cooling chamber.
Figure 6 is a side view of two cooling chambers one upon the other.
Figure 7 is a sectional view of the flexible connection connecting the cooling
chamber with the feeding or exit service by means of a flexible pipe.
Figure 8 shows a similar connection by means of a connecting piece manufactured
of metal plate formed into bellows shape.
The construction of my apparatus as shown in the drawings has the following
advantages.
1st. An equal effect of all the cooling parts.
2nd. Very simple construction.
3rd. Small space occupied in comparison with other apparata.
4th. Great facility in mounting and dismounting of the single pieces of the
apparatus.
In order to embody the following advantages the cooling devices are manufactured
as flat boxes L having short connecting pipes s at three of their corners as shown in
figures 5 and 6, of which one is used for the inlet and two on the same level serve for
the withdrawal of the fluid to be cooled. In the case of steam condensation one of
the connecting pipes is used for the withdrawal of the condensed water. All the
cooling chambers are mounted in an oblique manner to the horizontal line parallel to
one another and at a certain distance above one another so that the fresh air can reach
cach cooling chamber separately, however many of them are placed one upon the
other.
By these means great advantages are obtained in comparison with the vertical
position of the chambers, as any number of chambers can be placed one upon the
other without the upper chambers receiving the air which has already been heated by
the lower chambers.
The said chambers are placed with their oblique edges resting upon supports
suitably formed and are furnished with suitable pillars for keeping the same at equal
listances one from another and for stiffening the same in order to prevent the bending
of the boxes. These projections K k may be manufactured principally of sheet metal
na hemispherical or conical form and are placed in rows alternately over the
whole surface of the chamber as shown in figures 5 and 6.
In consequence of the reduced form and the alternate arrangement of these
emispherical projections thorough mixture of the air outside and the hot fluid inside
Price 6d.

page_text: the chamber is effected, the cooling air outside the chambers is uniformly heated
and the hot fluid inside is uniformly cooled as an ascending and descending current
is set up between the chambers and at the same time contraction and expansion of
the air takes place.
The chambers may be placed one upon another in such a manner that their ends
form a vertical line as shown in figure 1, or, the line may be obliquely inclined, as
shown in figure 3.
They may be also placed one beside the other, or, one upon another, or, radially
about a common chimney or exit channel as shown in figures 3 and 4. The latter
arrangement is particularly advantageous for important cooling requirements such as
those necessary for the condensing of the steam of large steam engines when only a
small space for the cooling apparatus is available.
All chambers are placed parallel and brought into connection with three pipes BA.
and C. through which the hot and cooled fluid passes respectively that is the hot fluid
entering through B and passing away as cooled fluid through A. C. The connection
between the feeding pipes and the chambers is made by connecting pipes of an elastic
material such as india-rubber, as shown in figure 7, or, where india-rubber is not
applicable, such as in benzene distillation, an elastic joint is formed out of thin plate
pipes made in bellows shape as shown in Figure 8. The object of using these flexible
tubes instead of stiff connecting pieces is to obviate the necessity for using specia!
care and nicety in the manufacture of the single parts, and so reducing the cost of
construction.
The reservoir R placed at the lower part of the apparatus is intended for the
reception of the condensed water or other cooled liquid. In the upper part of the
exit channel or chimney, a ventilator S is arranged for expediting the removal of the
warm air if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim
is-
-
1st. In air condensers and cooling apparata the arrangement of flat chambers L
inclined towards the horizontal line, and placed parallel one upon the other the spaces
between each being regulated by supporting projections K formed conically or
hemispherically, serving at the same time to thoroughly mix the air outside the
chambers and the fluid inside, substantially as described.
2nd. In such a condensing and cooling apparatus the connection of the various
parts formed by suitable elastic pipes a either of india-rubber or other suitable
material or of thin plate like bellows, for the purpose of the parallel maintenance of
the chambers L, with the inlet and outlet pipes A, B and C, Figures 7 and 8,
substantially as described.
3rd. In such a condensing and cooling apparatus, the arrangement of a number of
cooling chambers in radial position around the exit channel, substantially as described
and shown in Figures 3 and 4.
Dated this 23rd day of October 1889.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.