IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF JUTE, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN.
Year: 1878

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LETTERS PATENT to George Malcolm and David Rattray Malcolm, both of
Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF JUTE, AND
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED
THEREIN.
"
Sealed the 15th November 1878, and dated the 29th August 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Malcolm and David
Rattray Malcolm at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th
August 1878.
GEORGE MALCOLM and DAVID RATTRAY MALCOLM, both of Dundee, in the
County of Forfar, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
PREPARATION OF JUTE, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN."
The said Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture or preparation
of jute, and improvements in or additions to the machinery or apparatus used
therein.
The Invention has for its objects to effect economy in the batching of jute, and
also in the batching liquid used, and at the same time to present the jute to the
carding cylinders in a condition in which it is acted upon by the cards with greater
facility than hitherto.
According to the said Invention the batching liquid is applied to the jute
immediately before it enters the feeding apparatus which guides it to the carding
cylinders. The oil or other batching liquid used is evenly distributed over the
jute by means of an apparatus applied to the carding engines, and consisting of a
reservoir in which the batching liquid is contained, from which reservoir the said
liquid is caused to flow to a trough at a rate which can be regulated by a piston
or plunger pressing upon the surface of the liquid. In or near to the aforesaid
trough (and dipping into the oil in the said trough), and immediately above the
Price 6d1

page_text: jute entering the feeding apparatus of the carding machine, a roller is mounted and
caused to revolve, receiving such motion from any convenient part of the carding
engine. This roller may be grooved, or plain, or fluted, or fluted in combination with
grooves, and in or near to this roller, or to the grooves in said roller, there is fixed
a series of pointed wires or pius in the form of a comb or hackle, and the liquid
being taken by these pointed wires from the said roller as it revolves drops from
the said wires or pins and is thereby distributed equally over the jute as it enters
the feeding apparatus of the carding machine. By effecting the batching of the
jute at this stage of its manufacture or preperation the said jute is presented to
the carding engine in a condition which renders the said jute capable of being more
efficiently acted upon by the cards, as the matting together of the fibres, which
occurs when the liquid is applied as at present, from the agglutination, or
thickening, or drying of the liquid after it has been applied to the jute (which
matting more especially occurs where the liquid is oil or of an oily nature), is
entirely avoided, and by the use of the before described apparatus economy of the
batching liquid is effected, whilst a better quality of yarn is produced than is
produced by any of the methods of batching hitherto employed.
It is preferred to use the before-described apparatus for distributing the batching
liquid, but other apparatus for effecting the distribution may be employed, the
essential feature of the Invention being the improvements in the manufacture or
preparation of jute, resulting from the application of the batching liquid at the
stage of the manufacture or preparation as before described, that is to say, just as
the jute enters the carding engine.
'SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Malcolm and David Rattray Malcolm in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th February 1879.
"
GEORGE MALCOLM and DAVID RATTRAY MALCOLM, both of Dundee, in the County
of Forfar, North Britain. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRE-
PARATION OF JUTE, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN."
Our said Invention has for its objects to effect economy in the batching of jute
and also in the batching liquid used, and at the same time to present the jute. to
the carding cylinders in a condition in which it is acted upon by the cards with
greater facility than hitherto.
According to our said Invention the oil or other batching liquid is applied to the
jute on entering the feeding apparatus which guides it to the carding cylinders.
The batching liquid used is evenly distributed over the jute by means of an
apparatus applied to the carding engine.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly. understood we now proceed
more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference-being-had-to-the-

page_text: accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say
Figure 1 is a front elevation partly in section, Figure 2 is a plan, and Figure 3
a side elevation of the apparatus constituting our said Invention, the said Figure 3
also representing a part of a carding engine shewing the place of attachment of
the said apparatus.
The said apparatus consists of a trough A mounted in a framework B, bolted to
the framing of the carding engine immediately above the web C (Figure 3), which
delivers the jute to the feeding apparatus of the carding engine. A roller D is
mounted in the said trough A, being capable of revolving in bearings at either end
thereof. The said roller has a number of concentric grooves d, d, in its periphery,
and also longitudinal grooves d'; d. A bar or rod E extends above the trough A
and roller D, the said bar or rod being fixed to the ends of the said trough. In
this bar E are inserted a number of wires or pins e, forming a comb or hackle.
These pins e are in such a position and at such an inclination that a portion of
their length enters the grooves d of the roller D, and that their points project over
the edge of the trough A. This will be more clearly seen in the detail views,
Figures 4 and 5, which represent (drawn to a large scale) respectively a front
elevation of a portion of the trough A, roller D, bar E, and needles e, and. a trans-
verse section of the said parts. It will be understood that the roller D, grooves d,
and series of needles e extend from end to end of the apparatus. The needles are
guarded in front by a plate f, part of which is broken away in Figure 1 to shew the
needles, roller, and trough behind.
Mounted upon the framework B above the trough A is a reservoir F, containing
the batching liquid which is supplied therefrom through the pipe F to the trough
A; at a rate which is regulated by the rate at which a box-like piston or plunger G
is caused to descend upon the batching liquid, the said plunger G entering the
reservoir F, and being of such a size as to leave a space between its exterior and
the interior of the said reservoir. A funnel g² for filling the reservoir F passes
through the said plunger.
The descent of the said plunger G is obtained from a short shaft H to which
rotation is given from the shaft K herein-after referred to, or from any convenient
part of the apparatus or carding engine. A toothed wheel h¹ on this shaft H
gears with another toothed wheel i upon a shaft I mounted in bearings . The
plunger G carries at its upper part a screw. g working in a female screw formed in
the worm wheel g³, situated between the cheeks of the bracket F2. A slow motion
of rotation is given to the worm wheel g by a worn on the shaft I, by which
means the plunger G is depressed and forces the batching liquid up. into the space
between the sides of the plunger G and the reservoir F, until the said liquid flows
through the pipe F' into the trough A.
The rate at which the descent of the plunger G is effected, and consequently the
rate at which the batching liquid is supplied to the trough A, may be regulated by
the relative proportioning of the wheels h¹ and i, the shaft H being adjustable in a
slotted bearing.
Instead of being effected by the mechanism described the descent of the plunger
G may be effected by hand. One of the bearings 2, in which the shaft I is
mounted, is pivoted at to its bracket, and the other bearing is fixed in position
on its bracket by the key . By removing this key the shaft I may be swung
round, so that the worm is out of gear with the wheel g¹. The said wheel g' is
then operated by means of the hand wheel J, on the spindle of which is a wheelj
gearing with the said wheel g¹. From a pulley h on the shaft H, a band k passes
over a pulley k keyed upon a shaft K, driven by a band and pulley or other
means from any convenient part of the carding engine. This shaft is furnished
with a worm engaging with a worm wheel Z upon the spindle of an indicating
apparatus L.
The relative speeds of the shafts K and I are so proportioned that the rate of
descent of the plunger G gives a proper amount of batching liquid sufficient to treat

page_text: a given quantity of jute, the said quantity of jute being regulated by a given
weight, being fed at each revolution of the pointer of the indicating apparatus L.
The roller D derives a rotatory motion from any convenient part of the carding
engine through the pulley D¹, so that the said roller is kept constantly revolving,
its lower part dipping into the batching liquid in the trough A, portions of which
liquid are carried up in the groovesd of the said roller and transferred to the
needles e. When the longitudinal grooves d' come opposite the needles e, the
batching liquid runs down the needles and drops upon and is equally distributed
*over the jute.
J
The roller D may be plain instead of grooved as shewn, but it will then have
an eccentric periphery, so that alternately one part will come nearer to the needles
than another so as to alternately deposit oil upon and then allow it to descend
from the needles.
In order to fill the reservoir F the plunger G is raised by means of the hand
wheel. J, and the batching liquid is poured into the reservoir F through the
funnel g².
It is preferred to use the before described apparatus for distributing the batching
liquid, but other apparatus for effecting the distribution may be employed, the
essential feature of the Invention being the improvements in the manufacture or
preparation of jute, resulting from the application of the batching liquid at the
stage of the manufacture or preparation as before described, that is to say, just as
the jute enters the carding engine.
By effecting the batching of jute as it passes into the carding engine the said
jute is presented to the said engine in a condition which renders the said jute
capable of being more efficiently acted upon by the cards, as the matting together
of the fibres which occurs when the liquid is applied as at present, from, the
agglutination, or thickening, or drying of the liquid after it has been applied to the
jute (which matting more especially occurs where the liquid is oil or of an oily
nature) is entirely avoided, and by the use of the before described apparatus
economy of the batching liquid is effected, whilst a better quality of yarn is pro-
duced than is produced when using any of the methods of batching hitherto
_employed.
-
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that
what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The herein-before described improvements in the manufacture or pre-
paration of jute, consisting in applying the batching liquid to the jute immediately
before it enters the feeding apparatus which guides it to the carding cylinders.
Secondly. The herein-before described apparatus attached to the carding engine
for effecting the equal distribution of the batching liquid, or any mere modification
or arrangement thereof essentially similar to the said apparatus.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Malcolm and David Rattray Malcolm,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.