CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR WINDING UPON SPOOLS, BOBBINS, OR BARRELS, SLIVERS OR ROVINGS OF COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF THE LIKE NATURE
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
CHESSEBOROUGH DYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and JAMES SMITH, of Deanston, in the County of Perth, in North
Britain, Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventeenth day of July, in the sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Joseph Chesseborough Dyer and James Smith, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Joseph Chesseborough
Dyer and James Smith, our exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Joseph Chesseborough Dyer and James Smith, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times hereafter during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR
WINDING UPON SPOOLS, BOBBINS, OR BARRELS, SLIVERS OR ROVINGS OF COTTON,
WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF THE LIKE NATURE;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Joseph Chesseborough
Dyer and James Smith, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in

page_text: part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, it is hereby
declared that the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the
following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
Our said Invention consists in an improved method of winding slivers or
rovings upon spools, bobbins, or barrels, as they proceed from the delivering
rollers of carding engines, drawing frames, slobbing frames, roving frames, or
other similar machines. By this our Invention the slivers or rovings are dis-
posed on the spools, bobbins, or barrels, in a conical form and in successive
spiral layers, thereby affording the means of extending the mass of slivers or
rovings, which can be wound on any individual spool, bobbin, or barrel, to any
convenient or useful extent, whilst it gives great facility for the unwinding of
the slivers or rovings as they go to supply any succeding process, the slivers or
rovings unwinding as yarn does from a cop without the necessary rotation of
the general mass. The saving of labour of attendance and of waste, together
with other advantages arising from this our Invention, will be at once obvious
to all persons conversant with the manufacture of cotton, wool, flax, silk, or
other fibrous substances into continuous lines or threads.]
We shall now proceed to describe the arrangement and mechanism whereby
we accomplish the application of our said Invention to old machines whereon
the slivers or rovings have been formerly wound or compacted by the usual
methods, or to new machines constructed purposely to suit our Invention. As
our said Invention is peculiarly applicable to the sort of roving frame usually
called the tube frame, and for which the said Joseph Chesseborough Dyer
holds a Patent, we shall describe the mechanism and arrangement whereby
the application of our Invention to that machine is accomplished, and which
will sufficiently.illustrate its application to any of the other machines. For
this purpose the Specification is accompanied by Drawings exhibiting views of
such parts of the said machines and mechanism as is necessary to make our
said Invention intelligible to persons versant in such machines and mechanism.
The same letters and figures of reference are attached to the different views
of the same parts in the respective Drawings. The Drawings consist of,
Figure 1st, a sectional elevation of the one end view of a tube roving frame;
Figure 2d, two portions of a front elevation of the same machine; and
Figure 3d an elevation of the opposite end of the same machine. A, A, A,
such parts of the framework of the machine as can be exhibited without

page_text: interrupting the view of other parts necessary to be seen; B, B, the rollers
from which the slivers or rovings are delivered; C, the tube which twists the
rovings, and conducts them to the spools or barrels D, D, on which they are
wound by the rotation of the said barrels. The barrels are here shewn as if
nearly filled with rovings; and it will be seen that the rovings, although wound.
in spiral layers on a conical surface, give the body of the mass of the rovings.
on each individual barrel a cylindrical form, leaving the termination only of a
conical shape. The spools or barrels may be made of wood, paper, sheet iron,
or any other suitable material. In the Drawings they are shewn at E as
made of tin-plate iron. The stem of the spool or barrel is one inch in dia-
meter, and the bottom part is extended to five inches in diameter, baving a
conical base piece on which the first layer of rovings is wound. The winding-on
of the rovings in a spiral form is accomplished by progressive and proportional
movements of the tubes or twisters C, C, and the barrels. The tubes are
fitted into holders attached by bolts to snugs or projecting brackets springing
from a rail F, which runs along the frame in front. In the end pieces of this
frame are groves which fit upon feathers attached to the framework of the
machine, which admits of a movement of the rail in a direct line parallel to
the oblique line of the conical surface on which the rovings are being wound.
Motion is given to this rail by means of a shaft Q¹ passing from one end to
the other of the machine, and having pinious at each end in gear of toothed
racks attached to the ends of the rail. At one end of the said shaft there is
attached a mangle or reciprocating wheel H, into which a pinion I, on the
shaft J, gears. This shaft runs from one end of the machine to the other,
getting its motion at the opposite end from where it gears into the mangle
wheel, the motion being communicated by a pair of spur wheels connecting
it with the shaft N. The wheel or pinion at this point on the shaft J is the
shifting pinion, or wheel whereby an alteration of the coping motion and other
relative motions is effected to suit different grists of rovings. It will at onco
appear that, as the motion of the delivering rollers is uniform, whilst the
uptake motion of the conical winding-on surface is constantly varying, so, in
corresponding proportions, must be the rotative motion of the spools or barrels
be regulated, and in similar proportions also must be the traverse motion of the
tube in placing the successive layers of rovings. For these purposes a vary-
ing motion is obtained from the delivering rollers in the following manner:
K, K, are bevil wheels communicating motion to an upright shaft L, near
the bottom of which shaft is placed an edge friction pully of any suitable
diameter, aud being fitted with a feather and socket, so that it can be moved
up and down upon the shaft whilst it is carried in rotation by the shaft. This

page_text: edge friction is made to rest against a disk M of suitable diameter, which disk
is fast upon a short shaft N, supported from the framework. The friction
pully is kept to its proper bearing by a holder O,, which is attached to the
framework by two circular sockets P; P; in which the cylindrical ends of the
-holder-O-are-fitted, having-freedom-of-motion, both-rotatory and vertical.-A-
lever Q, projecting from the holder O, embraces the nave of the edge friction
pully fitting into a circular groove, and thereby holding and commanding the
position of the said pully; R, a lever, also springing from the body of the
holder O, to which it is made fast by a pincing screw, and having a cord or
chain attached to its extremity, and passing over a pully at the opposite end
of the frame, where a weight is attached to it, and which, by means of the
said levers, presses the edge of the friction pully to the face of the disk, so that
it shall have sufficient bite or hold to drive the various parts to which it gives
motion. In order to give it greater power, it is so arranged that the velocity
of the disk is greater than that of the parts it drives. It will appear from
what has been before specified and described, that the rotative motion of the
winding-on spools or barrels, together with all the motions connected there-
with, must be varied in proportions corresponding to the varying extents of
the peripheries forming the conical surface on which the spiral layers are being
wound. This we accomplish by moving the edge pully. alternately towards
and from the centre and periphery of the disk, by means of a toothed rack on
the side of the holder O, and in gear with a pinion on the shaft G', and which
shaft, as has already been described, receives a reciprocating motion by means
of the mangle wheel H; and as the motion of the mangle wheel is regulated
by the varying motion of the disk, so will the vertical movements of the
holder O be regulated, and hence the movement of the edge pully towards and
from the centre of the disk, so that the disk becomes the regulator of its own
varying movements, and thereby preserves a constant unison of all the various
motions depending thereon. The spools or barrels on which the rovings are
to be wound are placed on upright dead spindles fixed into sockets attached
to the. coping rail, and made fast by pincing nails, as, shewn at R. On these
spindles are also placed sockets S, fitted to receive the basis of the spools or
barrels, which are locked into them by pins or projections rising from the
flanch of the sockets, and passing into openings in the base of the spools or
barrels, so that the sockets shall carry the spools or barrels in rotation with
them. Motion is communicated to these sockets by a laying shaft, which
runs along the coping rail close to the dead spindles, there being oblique, or
skewed bevil wheels on the bottoms of the sockets working into corresponding
wheels upon the said shaft. As this shaft has to shift its-vertical position as

page_text: the coping rail shifts, and taking its motion from the shaft to which the disk
is attached, the train of connecting wheels is made to consist of three wheels,
one fast upon the disk shaft, one upon the coping rail shaft, and the third, an
intermediate, revolving on a stud attached to connecting links, proceeding, one
from the disk-shaft, another from the coping rail shaft; thereby admitting of
the vertical movement of the rail shaft, whilst the connecting wheels remain
in proper gear. The vertical movement of the coping rail above alluded to
is necessary to admit of the successive layers of slivers or rovings being placed,
and gives longitudinal form to the general body of the slivers or rovings on
each individual spool or barrel. This vertical motion is downwards whilst the
layers are being wound on, and is given in the following manner:-Attached
to each end of the coping rail are vertical racks into which pinions gear from
from a shaft G, which passes along from end to end of the machine. This
shaft is attached to the framework, and at one end of it there is a spur
wheel T made fast to it, into which a pinion U, on the nave of a ratchet
wheel V; gears. The ratchet wheel is prevented from being forced round by
the weight of the coping rail hanging on the pinions by means of catches or
palls, the one placed to lay hold on the lower, and the other on the upper
verge of the wheel; and they are so adjusted that, whilst the one catch is
holding on, the other remains in the middle space of two teeth ready to
receive and detain the wheel when the opposite catch is struck off. These
catches are struck off alternately by a rod with projecting adjustable fingers
proceeding from the tube rail, and which partakes of its motion. Thus, the
coping rail is allowed to drop by minute movements corresponding to the
space occupied by the breadth of the successive layers of rovings, and by
encreasing or diminishing the number of teeth in the wheel or pinion which
is fast upon the nave of the ratchet wheel, the movements of the rail can be
adjusted to suit any grist of rovings.
The mechanism and arrangements above described in this our Specification
may be varied in many ways, so as to suit peculiar circumstances whilst they
produce the same effects. The varying motions may be obtained by a differ-
ential gear motion or other positive motions. We have not thought it neces-
sary to exhibit views of or to describe those parts. of the machine which are
common to all such machines, such as the driving pullys and shafts, and the
like, and which may be arranged in any way, so as not to interfere with tho
mechanism necessary for the effective application of our said Invention. In
order to exhibit the manner in which the slivers or rovings unwind from the
spools or barrels in supplying any succeeding process, we have shewn at W,
Figure 1st, a spool or barrel filled with slivers or rovings, as if from a pre-

page_text: ceding process, and placed to supply the tube frame. On the top of the
spool or barrel there is placed a circular disk, having a plug or tenon which
projects into the hollow of the barrel to hold it to its place. The edge of
this disk projecting beyond the stem of the barrel about an inch all round
prevents the slivers or rovings from touching or coiling on the stems of the
barrels as they unwind. X is a tin roller having the motion of its surface
corresponding to the motion of the surface of the in-taking roller Y, and
having the line of its receiving surface placed directly in a line with the
centres of the disks on the tops of the spools or barrels, whereby the slivers
or rovings are unwound with little strain on their tenacity.
We do not claim as any part of our said Invention any part or parts of the
said machine or machines to which our said Invention is applicable and
which have been in use heretofore; nor do we claim as our Invention any
part by itself of the mechanism which we have found it convenient to uso
for the purpose of rendering the principle of our said Invention effective.
But we do claim the peculiar arrangement of the said mechanism; and wo
especially claim the principle and mode or modes of winding slivers or rovings
of cotton, wool, flax, silk, and other fibrous substances proceeding from the
delivering rollers of carding engines, drawing frames, slobbing framics, roving
frames, or other the like machines now in use, or that may be invented or
used during the existence of our said Patent, upon spools, bobbins, or barrels,
in successive spiral layers deposited on a conical surface, all as fully and
specially shewn and described by this our Specification and the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
aken and acknowledged by James
Smith (party hercto), at Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, this Thir-
teenth day of January, Oue thou-
sand eight hundred and thirty-six,
before me
JAMES (L.s.) SMITH.

page_text: This is the Specification referred to by the Affidavit of Archibald Graham.
Sworn before me, the 16th day of January, 1836.
G. WILSON.
Archibald Grahame, of Westminster, Solicitor, maketh oath, that he is well
acquainted with the handwriting of John Lang, one of His Majesty's Justices
of the Peace for the County of Lanark, in the Kingdom of Scotland; and
this Deponent saith, that he has examined the signature to the Acknowledge-
ment made by James Smith to a Specification on the 13th day of January,
1836, and attached hereto; and this Deponent saith, that such signature is
in the handwriting of the said John Laing, and that he was a Justice of the
Peace at the time of taking such acknowledgement.