A NEW METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND ERECTING & FURNACE OR FURNACES, KILN 02 KILNS, FOR THE MORE SPEEDILY, MORE EFFECTUALLY, AND KOBE ECONOMICALLY MANUFACTURING OR BURNING LINE, BY MEANS OF APPLYING, DIRECTING, AND LIMITING OR REGULATING THE FLAKE AND HEAT ARISING IN THE MANUFACTURING OR BURNING COAL INTO COKE, AND THUS MAKING LIME AND COKE IN ONE AND THE SAME BUILDING, AND AT ONE AND THE SAME TIME
Year: 1824

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HEATHORK, of Maidstone, in the County Kent, Lime Burner, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eleventh day of November, in the fifth year of His said
Majesty's reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Charles Heathorn, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Charles Heathorn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, by myself, or
or by my or their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I,
the said Charles Heathorn, my executors, administrators, or assigns, at any
time should agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein and herein-after expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my Invention of "A NEW
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND ERECTING & FURNACE OR FURNACES, KILN 02
KILNS, FOR THE MORE SPEEDILY, MORE EFFECTUALLY, AND KOBE ECONOMICALLY
MANUFACTURING OR BURNING LINE, BY MEANS OF APPLYING, DIRECTING, AND
LIMITING OR REGULATING THE FLAKE AND HEAT ARISING IN THE MANUFACTURING
OR BURNING COAL INTO COKE, AND THUS MAKING LIME AND COKE IN ONE AND
THE SAME BUILDING, AND AT ONE AND THE SAME TIME," within that part of

page_text: His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner
as to me, the said Charles Heathorn, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or any of them, should in my or their discretion seem meet; and that I, the
said Charles Heathorn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, shall and
lawfully may have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and
advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by
reason of the said Invention, for and during the term of fourteen years from
the day of the date of the said Letters Patent next ensuing, according to the
form and effect of the Statute therein mentioned; in which said Letters ]
Patent there is contained a proviso requiring me, the said Charles Heathorn,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately 1
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same
Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Heathorn, do by these Presents particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, as follows; that is to say :—
I do construct and cause to, be erected a furnace or furnaces, kiln or kilns,
of brickwork or stones, of the dimensions particularly delineated or described
by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and references thereto, and the descrip-
tions therein and herein-after contained, which said Plans are drawn by a scale
of a quarter of an inch to a foot, which is a convenient size for the said furnace
or kiln; that is to say,-
No. 1 in the annexed Drawing is the representation of the foundation of a
kiln and two ovens of the size necessary to support the superstructure, shewing S
the position and figure of the partition, tongue, or separation wall which
guides the flame from each of the coke ovens, and directs it's course from
thence up the shaft.
No. 2 shews the basement of the kiln, the form of the two coke ovens, and
the four flues in each, marked B, B, B, B, carrying or guiding the flame to the 8
lime kiln; and also the mode of supporting the material for making lime in
the kiln, whilst burning, by iron bars, three of which, marked E, E, E, are
moveable in each chamber, and supported by others lying under them
transversely, marked G, G, G, G; and the mode of discharging the kiln, when

page_text: the lime is sufficiently burnt, is by withdrawing the moveable bars E, E, E,
and letting the lime down below, from whence it may be carted or taken away.
No. 8 is a Plan of the kiln at the level of the top of the partition wall that
divides the chambers, shewing two of the holes marked D, D, which are for
the purpose of stoking, shifting, turning, or moving the material intended to
be converted into lime down the shaft, as occasion may require. A, A, are
the chambers. B, B, B, B, are iron bars, intended for the purpose of
strengthening the kilns.
.
"
No. 4 is a plan of the top of the kiln, shewing the opening where the
material to be burnt into lime is to be put in, marked A, and also the
parapet wall on the three sides, marked B, B, B; the stage on which the
workman stands to draw up the material, marked C; and the windlass,
marked D.
Nos. 5 and 6 are representations of vertical sections, shewing the internal
structure of the whole, from top to bottom, of the coke ovens, lime kiln, and
shaft, by the letters and explanation following; that is to say, A, A, represent
the shaft in which the material for lime is to be placed to be burnt or calcined.
D, D, D, D, D, D, are the apertures for stoking or moving the material, as
before described in No. 8, to each of which apertures there is an iron frame
and door to exclude the air, as occasion may require. B, B, B, No. 6, shew
four of the flues for conveying the flame from the ovens, as before described
in No. 2. This shaft or kiln is built of a square form within, from the base up
to the opening of the flues, and having the angles filled up from the opening of
the flues upwards, and a solid partition wall of twelve feet high, and nine
inches thick, to divide it into two chambers, marked H, H, and from thence
the shaft opens to one chamber upwards, but diminishing in size to within five
feet of the top as it ascends, whereby the internal form assumes something of
the octagonal shape. The upper part, for five feet, marked I, is drawn in,
gradually ascending to a circular form, and diminished to a hole at the top, two
feet in diameter, as shown in A, at No. 4. E, E, E, and G, G, G, Nos. 5
and 6, shew the iron bars before described in No. 2. The ends of the
iron ties necessary to strengthen the brickwork are shown in the Nos.
5 and 6.
Nos. 7 and 8 are intended to represent the front and back elevation of the
aforesaid lime kiln and two ovens, that in No. 7, with the doors of the ovens,.
fireplaces, or furnaces, marked A, A, for the converting coals into coke; and
the same view shews the lime-withdrawing places, marked B, B, with the
doors removed, and the shaft of the kiln for containing, and in which is to be
placed, the material intended to be converted into lime. The same view also

page_text: shews two of the apertures, marked C, C, used, as before mentioned, for
stoking and turning the lime or other material burning, and also for clearing
out the flues. K, K, in the same No. 7, shew the quadrants and levers by
which the doors of the furnaces are lifted up. These doors work in an iron
rabbited frame. No. 8, the elevation of the back front of the kiln and two
ovens, shews more particularly the six apertures, marked D, D, D, D, D, D,
which are also shewn in Nos. 5 and 6, being for the purpose of stoking,
shifting, turning, or moving the material intended to be converted into lime as
occasion may require, and for the more equally calcining the same, and to
facilitate the descent of that lime which is sufficiently burnt, and to make
room for the introduction above of the raw material. In this No. 8, at the
top, by a dotted line, is shown at a conical termination, which may or not
be introduced without injury to my said Invention; and as it will frequently
happen that the mouths of the flues B, B, B, B, No. 6, will be clogged or
choaked with soot, I find the most ready and effectual remedy for clearing
the same is, to explode a small quantity of gunpowder from a gun or pistol
into the mouth of the coke oven, which never fails to clear the flucs, and
induce an immediate draft through them, carrying the soot into the shaft
amongst the burning lime, where it is instantly consumed. This operation
must be repeated as often as occasion shall require.
After the kiln is charged with the material to be calcined or burnt into lime,
the place marked B, B, No. 7, must be closed by two plates of sheet iron, and
also a wooden door, leaving a space of five inches between the iron and wood,
which must be filled up with wet sand, so as to prevent any cold air going from
thence up the kiln, or that way into the oven. And in order to ascend to the
holes for adjusting the materials in the shaft of the aforesaid furnaces, I do
use or apply a moveable ladder or steps from time to time, as occasion may
require; the proper management and regulation of which contents of the lime
shaft can only be acquired by practice. And for the purpose of charging the
lime shaft with the lime stone and other materials for making lime, I do
make use of a stage and chain or rope, with a wheel and pulley, or crane
commonly used by builders, as represented at C, No. 4 and No. 6.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,.
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as I am required by the said
recited proviso in the said Patent, I do hereby declare that the principle
thereof, although above exemplified in a kiln with two coke ovens only, may
be extended to kilns with more or less ovens at pleasure, care being taken, in
the con-truction thereof, to add the tongue or partition wall of sufficient height
for guiding the flame, and giving sufficient chambers and flues for the flame of

page_text: each oven to enter into the great lime shaft, as herein-before described, and
the preventing the access of atmospheric air to the shaft below the level of the
bed or floor of the ovens, or when working by any other way than through the
mouths of the respective ovens, as herein-before described. And I do claim
the sole privilege and right of erecting and using such lime kilns and coke
ovens accordingly.
In witness whereof, I, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourth
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and twenty-five.
CHARLES (L.s.) HEATHORN.
Signed, sealed, and delivered (being first
duly stamped), in the presence of
Jos FITZW VANDER.COM,
Sol, Bush Lane.
SAM OVERTON,
Clerk to Messrs. Vandercom & Comyn.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fourth day of January,
in the the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Charles Heathorn came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Fourth day of January, in the year above written.