IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMBINING INDIA-RUBBER OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF WITH METALLIC PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIONACTURE
Year: 1866

page_text: Telegraph Works Company, Limited. for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMBINING INDIA-RUBBER OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF WITH METALLIC
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Griffin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1866.
1, HENRY GRIFFIN, of Silvertown, in the County of Essex, Engineer, in the
Employ of the India-rubber, Gutta Percha, and Telegraph Works Company,
Limited, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COMBINING INDIA-RUBBER OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF WITH METALLIC SUBSTANCES
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VALVES AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:
The object of the improvements is to give increased strength to parts formed
of india-rubber er its compounds by combining therewith metallic substance
[Price 8d.]

page_text: of the character of a reticulate openwork, preferring metallic weaving. For
this purpose I apply to each surface of the metallic openwork, say brass
or iron wire cloth, a sheet or layer of india-rubber or compound thereof
prepared for vulcanizing, and I cause the adhesion of the surfaces through the
interstices of the metal surface by pressure between rollers or otherwise.
Several thicknesses may be thus combined when desired, and other india-
rubber or compound thereof prepared for vulcanizing may be caused to
adhere to the surface thereof by a solution of india-rubber, and then the
india-rubber on the surface of the metallic openwork and any other applied
thereto may be vulcanized together by heat in the usual way, when it will be
found that increased strength with great flexibility will be obtained by the
metallic combination. In the manufacture of valves, supposing them to be
of the disc form, I obtain them by coiling the combined sheet of metal open-
work and india-rubber several times around a mandril, so as to form a cylinder
or tube of the thickness desired, and corresponding internally about with the
size of the piston rod or spindle to which it is to be applied; such tube or
cylinder then cut into rings adapted to the thickness of the valves required,
and apply dises of india-rubber by preference by contraction on such rings.
and then by heat subject the rubber thus combined to vulcanization. In
like manner the combined surfaces may be employed for other forms of valves,
washers. and other uses.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Griffin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
December 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, HENRY
GRIFFIN, of Silvertown, in the County of Essex, Engineer, in the Employ
of the India-rubber. Gutta Percha. and Telegraph Works Company, Limited,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign.
did, for Herself, er heirs and successors, give and grant to me. the
said Henry Griffin. Her special licence that I, the said Henry Griffin.
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Griffin, my executors, administrators, and assigns should at any time

page_text: IN
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
COMBINING INDIA-RUBBER OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF WITH METALLIC SUBSTANCES FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF VALVES AND OTHER USES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I the said Henry Griffin, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing, under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Grillin, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The object of the improvements is to give increased strength to parts formed
of india-rubber or its compounds by combining therewith metallic substance
of the character of a reticulate openwork, preferring metallic weaving. For
this purpose I apply to each surface of the metallic openwork, say brass or
iron-wire cloth, a sheet or thin layer" of the india-rubber, or of a compound
thereof prepared as is well understood by persons in the habit of treating
these substances for the operation called generally vulcanizing, and I cause the
adhesion of the surfaces of india-rubber or compounds thereof to the metal
by pressure applied to such surfaces to cause the india-rubber or compound
thereof to pass through or between the interstices of the metal surface. A
convenient method of uniformly applying the pressure is by passing the wire
cloth or such like reticulate metal openwork with the india-rubber, or com-
pound thereof between rollers, though the required pressure may be other
wise obtained. Several thicknesses thus obtained may then be combined,
when desired, and other india-rubber or compound thereof prepared for
vulcanizing may be caused to adhere to the surface thereof, the adhesion of
the respective layers or surfaces together may be obtained or more readily
secured by the application thereto of a solution of the india-rubber, or by the
application to the respective surfaces of a solvent adapted when applied to
form a solution with the india-rubber, or the compound thereof; the india-
rubber on the surface of the metallic openwork, and any other applied thereto,
may then be vulcanized together by heat in the usual way, when it will be

page_text: found that increased strength with great flexibility will be obtained by the
metallic combination. In the manufacture of valves, supposing them to be of
the disc form, I obtain them by coiling the combined sheet of metal openwork
and india-rubber several times around a mandrel, so as to form by successive
layers a cylinder or tube of the thickness desired and corresponding internally
about with the size of the piston rod or spindle to which such valves are to be
applied; such tube or cylinder 1 then cut into rings adapted to the thickness
of the valves required, and I apply to the outer surface of each of such rings
a disc or ring of india-rubber, by preference, by contraction on such rings,
and then I by heat subject the rubber thus combined to an operation commonly
called vulcanization.
Figure 1 shows a section of a tube or cylinder of wire cloth and india-rubber,
or a compound thereof. thus combined, the dotted lines thereof indicating
the wire cloth; Figure 2 shows a side view of such a tube, and the transverse
lines b, b, where the same may be cut into separate rings as described;
Figure 3 represents one of such rings separately, and Figure 4 a face view,
an edge view, and a section of a disc of india-rubber, adapted to be applied
on to one of such rings, Figure 1, in order to form thereby the disc valve
Figure 5.
It will from what has been stated be readily understood that in like manner
wire cloth or other reticulate metal openwork may be combined with layers
of india-rubber or compounds thereof, and also if desired with other woven
fabric in obtaining other forms of valves or washers, and that the india-rubber,
or compound thereof, so strengthened may be used for hose or other piping, or
for piston packing, or bands for driving machinery as well as for other purposes.
Figure 6 show a face view and section of a washer, differing only from the
valve in the wire cloth, being applied to its outer in place of its inner edge;
Figures 7 show a face view, an edge view, and a section of another washer
with the wire cloth applied, as in the case of the valve, on its inner edge.
Wire cloth or fine reticulate metal openwork thus combined with india-
rubber, or a compound thereof, will be found to admit of all necessary flexibility
and at the same time to add greatly to the strength and durability of the
articles so obtained.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which 1 adopt in carrying
the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details here referred to, as they may be varied without departing
from the peculiar character of the Invention; but what I claim is, the com-
bining india-rubber or compounds thereof with metallic substances for

page_text: the manufacture of valves, and for other uses in manner substantially as
explained.
In witness whereof, Henry Griffin, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Twenty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
H. GRIFFIN. (L.S.)