Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 14th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 21st Jan., 1887.
I, PAUL FREYGANG, Manufacturer, of Entritzsch, near Leipzig, in the Kingdom of
Saxony, do hereby declare. the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
The mode of performing this invention is as follows: A cylinder of convenient
length and diameter is situate in an outer casing of brick, stone or other suitable
material, and is supported on two sets of wheels, one of which sets causes the cylinder
to revolve by friction or otherwise against its surface, the set being caused to rotate by
suitable gear or the cylinder may be supported by ropes or chains passing under the
cylinder and hung over one or more sets of pulleys situate above the cylinder, in which
latter case the wheels below are retained, but are provided with flanges serving to
guide the cylinder and prevent the same from swaying or moving longitudinally.
Within the cylinder are situated a number of gratings having rails or bars running the
whole length of the cylinder, supported at intervals on frames, attaching them to the
outer cylinder; the bars of these gratings may be square, angular, or circular shaped,
and the gratings themselves may either be flat, so as to form a polygonal space within
the cylinder, or curved so as to form a cylindrical space.
Between these gratings and the outer cylinder are situate several bands, running
helically along the cylinder, in such a way that the material, which has been crushed
sufficiently to pass between the bars of the grating, is carried along by these bands
towards the end of the cylinder containing the outlet.
A receiving funnel is placed at one end of the outer casing communicating with a
tube of sufficient diameter fixed in the casing and projecting through the centre of the
end of the cylinder into the same. This tube is provided with an archimedian screw
to forward the material to be crushed from the receiving funnel into the cylinder,
where, after being sufficiently crushed to pass through the gratings, it is carried along
by the helical bands to the other end of the cylinder, and as the end of each band
arrives at the uppermost part of the cylinder, the crushed matter falls into a funnel
serving to discharge it from the machine. This funnel being fixed in the outer casing
and projecting through a hole in the centre of the end of the cylinder.

page_text: In order to effect the drying of the matter in the machine, hot air is passed through
from a chamber under the casing of the cylinder through a pipe to the orifice in the
cylinder, into which the outlet funnel projects, and after being drawn or forced through
the cylinder and out at the corresponding outlet at the other end into which the supply
apparatus projects, passes down to another chamber in the base of the casing, which
communicates with the shaft or chimney of the furnace. The gases from the furnace
also enter from another chamber in the casing, but are only allowed to pass around the
outside of the cylinder, and not to enter the same; these latter also pass off through
the same chamber and shaft as the hot air. In order to prevent the clay etc. from
adhering to the cylinder, an apparatus is provided combined of a tooth or ratchet-
wheel and an arm lifted periodically by the teeth of the said wheel and allowed to fall
and so to strike the cylinder, and by the vibration set up to prevent the clay from
adhering.
The process described above, viz. by heating with hot air, and gases from a furnace,
would not be adapted to dry such matter as coal or inflammable substance.
In this case, the heating is performed by steam, and may be effected in several
different ways.
The cylinder is enclosed in an outer casing, into which the steam is introduced by a
tube fixed in the axis of the cylinder, and joined by a revolving joint to a second tube,
which forwards the steam to the casing.
The condensed water is drawn off by a spring valve situated in the circumference of
the casing, at the end opposite to which the steam enters, which valve is automatically
opened by a lever, or other means, at each revolution of the cylinder, when the said
valve is at its lowest position.
Or instead of the casing fixed round the cylinder, only two chambers may be made
at each end of the cylinder, the steam entering the first, and being conveyed to the
second by means of the bars of the gratings, these being in this case formed of tubes;
the water is also drawn off as described above by one or more spring valves.
The water may also be removed by the following contrivance. One or more pieces
of tube, bent into the form of a semi-circle, are joined at one end to a central pipe
fixed in the axis of the cylinder and rotating therewith, these semi-circular tubes being
of such a length that their outer ends touch the circumference of the cylinder the
outer ends are pointed in the direction of the rotation of the cylinder.
Any water there may be in the cylinder is taken up by the ends of these tubes, and
as they move upward, is carried along and eventually emptied into the central tube, by
which it is removed.
Another mode of heating with steam is to divide the containing jacket into a
convenient number of chambers, so made that they can be easily made to communicate
for the passage of the steam, and yet be easily detachable for the purpose of examining
or cleaning, when necessary, the interior of the cylinder for the purpose of obtaining
greater heating surface, the inner surface of these chambers may be made of corrugated
iron.
HERBERT & Co.,
67, Strand,
Agents,

page_text: Figs. 15 and 16 means for exhausting the water from the cylinder.
Figs. 17 and 18 a cylinder provided with separate chambers bolted together to form
steain' (or water) jacket.
A cylinder A of convenient length and diameter is situated in an outer casing of
brick, stone or other suitable material, and is supported on two sets of wheels a a, one
of these sets mounted on shaft B causes the cylinder A to revolve by friction or
otherwise against its surface, the set being caused to rotate by suitable gear, or the
cylinder may be supported by ropes or chains S passing under the cylinder and hung
over one or more sets of pulleys O, O situated above the cylinder in which latter case
guide wheels R are retained below, provided with flanges to serve to guide the cylinder
A and prevent the same from swaying or moving longitudinally.
Within the cylinder A are situated a number of gratings CC having rails or bars
running the whole length of the cylinder, supported at intervals on frames, attaching
them to the outer cylinder as shown, the bars of these gratings may be square, angular,
or circular shaped, and the gratings themselves may either be. flat so as to form a
polygonal space within the cylinder as shown in Fig. 2, or curved so as to form a
cylindrical space as in Fig. 12.
Between these gratings and the outer cylinder A are situate several bands D D
running helically along the cylinder in such a way that the material, which has been

page_text: Im alur two affatt the dying off ille matter in tlie maalihm, Hottail is presen
from adamlar umrtline casing off the limb throughhaite to the anfiber im the
linda, into whiolli til outlott funnell projets, andlaften luing dinnan ffoeditinangh
tline cyliniturandi quttatt tline corresponding outluttatt till olin and into whichtlicosumuly
apparātus projjatës, assess down to anottoallambur im the ass off the casing, with 5
communitates with the shafttar allimnay off the furnace. The gasess from the furnace
also enter from another allamlar in the casing, buttare only allowell to press anumite
qutsil afte cylinder, and not too enten tlie saue;; those latter alto pass off through
the same camiserandi slaftias, the hottaite. In order to prevent the alayy otto. from
adhering to the window, an apparatuss its provviltul counlifell off a tooth or rattlhot- 1
wellandiamarillfredpilially liyy the teeth offth said willandialled] to fulll
andise to strike the cylinders, and by the, vilination sett upp to prevent the day from
adiring.
The process describedaliowe, witz.yy heating with Hottaits, andigassssffooma fürnavez,
waulilināti besadapted too dry such matten ass coallorinflammabile sulistamee.
In this case, the rating is poffund'ltyy steam, and may be affected in sovell
different ways.
The cylinder enclosed itamonteering, into which the steamissinired heel liyy an
tuls fed in taxis offtthe cylinder, andljjönedi kyy aurowdingjóðhtttwa secolul
which formals the steam tootline caring.
The coudrussell water is drawn offittyy auspring valive situated in the circumffernce off
the casing, att the loosite to whittle stemmcnteess, with walteissautomatically
ansardly lover, our other means; attentrevedution off the cylinder, when live spill
valkeissaftites lovest position.
Grinsten ofthe casing fixed roundthe cylinder, only two chambers may he made
attearhead offthe covinder, these catering the first, and being conveyed to the
second years off the ass off the gratings, these binginthisscassofformed off tulles;;
tle waterrissaltodrawn offfasstecified aboveltyy one or moresuring valkess.
The water maryadic lice removed by the following conttivace. Onoreppies
offtule, buttintotheefarm ofta semicètrète, are joined att one cold too an centrall.pipe
fined in this offthe cylinder and rotating theseovith, these semicirculartulbsshbeing
offsuch lengthout ass toush the citraumfferwee off the cylinder; the
auteressareintedlimthe direction offtheredatiomoffthe cylinder.
Any watter seemany beeinthecylinderiistaden upply theads offthese tubes, anni
agstypeærd,isscoariteladtongandleventually emptied intothecentreditubebby
whichhitisreenived.
Another madre off beating with steeam is too divide the containing jiablest i into a
cereaitatummumberoffmanliber, somaleethatthhyyconbbcecaillymaled excommunicate
førthelpäsegrefft bestecam, and yestecailtydsbefortheppssooffexamining
archaning, whenevessary, the nitrios, offthe cylinderforthe purpose off obtaining
goateerbating surface, tiuersurfeeofthes chubbery homeoformated
irena

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A drying and crushing apparatus for clay and similar material consisting of a
otary cylinder A provided with means for outside heating and inside air current and
having gratings Cand bands D substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. The means for rotating the cylinder A substantially as described and illustrated.
3. For the purpose of allowing the drying and crushing apparatus to be heated by
team:
a) the combination with the cylinder A of a steam-jacket B¹.
the construction of the gratings from tubes E¹ through which steam is allowed
to pass.
e) The arrangement of separate heating elements G¹ communicating with each
other and so secured on the cylinder A as to form a heating jacket.
4. For removing the waste water :
a) The arrangement in the ring 1 of an outlet valve D which is periodically opened
when the cylinder A rotates, substantially as illustrated and described."
6) the curved tubes connected in the centre of the cylinder A to the tube H¹
substantially as illustrated and described.
PAUL
FREYGANG.
Pp. Herbert & Co.,
67, Strand, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.