AN IMPROVED UNIVERSAL SYPHON PUMP
Year: 1877

page_text: Filed 11th December 1878.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAV JOACHIM
HAMBRUCH, of Berlin, in Prussia, send greeting:
tho
Δ
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent
bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven, in the forty-first year of Her reign, did for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto Henry Conradi, of 8, Lower
James Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex, Her special license that
he, said Henry Conradi, his executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for AN IMPROVED UNIVERSAL SYPHON
PUMP," a communication from abroad by me, the said Gustav Joachim Hambruch,
of Berlin, in Prussia:
And whereas in pursuance and performance of a proviso in the said Letters
Patent contained, he, the said Henri Conradi, did within six calendar months next
after the date of the said Letters Patent, cause a Specification in writing under his
hand, particularly describing the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, to be duly filed in the Great Seal Patent Office:
And whereas by an Indenture bearing date the Thirtieth day of July, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight, made between the said Henry Conradi
on the one part, and me, the said Gustave Joachim Hambruch, of the other part, the
said Letters Patent and Invention and all and singular the rights and privileges
thereby granted became and are now absolutely vested in me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, which Indenture was duly registered at the Great Seal
Patent Office on the First day of August, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
eight:
And whereas since the filing of the said Specification I have discovered that part
of the title does not convey a proper meaning, and that the description of the said.
Invention and the claiming clauses inserted in the commencement of the said
Specification may be construed as describing and claiming more than was intended.

page_text: to be or ought to be claimed as constituting the Invention for which the said
Letters Patent were granted, I am desirous of amending the said description of the
Invention and the said claiming clauses by limiting the same to the Invention and
parts thereof, to which claims can properly be made. That certain clerical and
grammatical errors exist in the said Specification which I am desirous of correcting.
That the said ainendments and corrections will not extend the rights granted by
the said Letters Patent :
66
"
**
35
"water"
as adapted."
also
"
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Gustav Joachim Hambruch, by and with
the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney General, do hereby for the reasons aforesaid,
and for effecting the objects aforesaid, strike out the words "universal syphon" in
the title, and add thereto after the word " pump" the words "or pumping arrange-
ment." I also add after the words "following statement," at the end of the
preamble, the words "reference being made to the Drawings hereunto annexed
"and to the letters and figures marked thereon, the same letters indicating corre-
'sponding parts in the respective Drawings." IA strike out the words "for the
Patent in line 13, page 4, of the certified copy of the Specification printed by the
Queen's Printers, and published at the Great Seal Patent Office. I add after
the word "matter" in line 15, page 4, of the said printed copy the words "sub-
"stantially in the manner herein-after described and respectively shewn more
particularly in Figures 1, 9, and 10, in the parts respectively marked a, a¹." I
further add after the word "condensation," line 17, page 4, the words "substantially
"in the manner and for the purposes herein-after described, and respectively shewn
more particularly in Figures 1, 3, 9, and 10, in the parts marked f, i, g, h." I
substitute the word and reference letter "part q" for the word "indicator" in
line 21, page 4, and add the letter "s" to the contraction "Fig.," line 25, page 4.
I strike out the words "steam arm connected with the " at line 26, page 4, and substi-
tute therefore the words "the apparatus with its." I also strike out in the same
line and page the word " indicator," and substitute therefore the words and
reference letter " part q, A I correct the spelling of the word "draft" in line 27,
page 4, and substitute the word "as " for the word "in," and the word com-
pressing" for the word "compressions" in line 28, page 4, of the said printed copy
of the said Specification. I substitute the word an for "a," in line 31, page 4,
and insert the words "claiming clause" before the numeral "1," line 32, page 4. I
correct the spelling of the word "recepticle" in lines 32 and 33, page 4, and insert
the words "claiming clause" before the numeral "2," line 36, page 4. I also correct
the spelling of the word "draft," line 39, page 4, and substitute the word
"that" for the word "those," line 40, page 4. I correct the spelling of the
word "draft," line 43, page 4, and substitute the words "at any "for the words
"in a'
at line 3, page 5. I further strike out the reference letter "e," line 7,
page 5, and substitute therefor the words "shewn at d, in Fig 1." I also
substitute the word "entering" for the words "to enter," line 12, page 5; and
substitute also a small reference letter "k" for the capital letter "K," line 14, page 5;
and I further substitute the word "segmental" for the word "semicircular" in the
same line and page. I correct the spelling of the word "horizantal," line 16, page 5.
I also substitute the word "spindle" for the word "axe;" and insert the words "as
shewn in Figures 7 and 8." after the reference letter "m'," line 18, page 5; and I
further strike out the word "sector-shaped," lines 18 and 19, page 5, and insert the
words "as shewn in Figures 1 and 2" after the word "fixed" in the same line and
page. I strike out the words "also called tell-tale valve or floating indicator," at
lines 21 and 22, page 5, as being superfluous; and I also strike out the words
"nevertheless bears" in line 23, page 5; and add after the word "clearance" in the
same line and page the words "being left to enable it." I add the letter "s" to the
contraction "Fig.," line 24, page 5; and I substitute the word "spindle" for
shaft," line 25, page 5. I strike out the letter "s" in the word "puts" in line 28,
page 5; and strike out also the word "shaft" in line 31, page 5, substituting
16
"
"

page_text: "
1
therefor the words "valve spindle." I also strike out the word "shaft" in line 32,
page 5, and substitute therefor the word "spindle." I further strike out the word
"covered" in line 34, page 5, and substitute therefor the words "lined internally."
I further strike out the words "provided with a groove and spring," lines 34 and
35, page 5, as inaccurate; and I strike out the words "nutch taken hold of" in
line 35, page 5, substituting therefor the words "notch or groove, and held." I also
strike out the word "covering" in line 37, page 5, and substitute therefor the word
"lining." I further strike out the words "moves as tightly as possible," in line 38,
page 5, and substitute therefor the word "fits." I add an accent to the second one
of the two reference letters "a" in line 40, page 5; and correct the spelling of the
word "callar," line 41, page 5. I add an accent to the reference letter ".
P in the
same line and page; and I substitute the word "descent" for the word "descend,"
line 47, page 5. I strike out the words "in the," repeated by a clerical error, in
line 6, page 6; and I substitute for the word "in," "line 7, page 6, the word
" therein;
and in the same line and page I insert the word "an" before the word
"air." I strike out the letter "s" in the word "pipes," line 15, page 6; and I
substitute in line 16, page 6, the word forced" for the word "pressed." I
strike out that part of the Specification commencing with the words "which
in the maxima," line 18, page 6, and ending with the words "other pumps,"
line 30, page 6, as being superfluous, and not descriptive of the said Invention.
I further strike out the words "which has not been taken into account in the
"above calculation," lines 31 and 32, page 6; I also strike out the words "touched
by," line 32, page 6, and substitute therefor the words "in contact with." I further
alter the Specification by striking out the word "provided" in line 33, page 6, and
substituting therefor the word "lined," and I insert the article "a between the
words "with" and "bad" in the same line and page. I strike out the word "in,"
line 37, page 6; also the contraction "&c.," line 39, page 6, substituting for the
latter the words "and similar purposes." I insert the letter "s" after the contrac-
tion Fig.," and insert the word and numeral "and 10" after the numeral "9," in
line 40, page 6, and I strike out the letter "s" from the word "represents" in the
same line and page. I further strike out the words "the apparatus" in line 41,
page 6; and for the word "a," before the word " descent," in line 55, page 6, I
substitute the word the;" I also substitute the words "with the" for the
article "a," before the word "ascent" in the same line aud page. I correct the
spelling of the word "encreased," and substitute the word "further" for the word
"still" in line 2, page 7; I also substitute the word "actuates for the word
"
"
«
55
"
"
gears," line 5, page 7, and, and I strike out the final letter "s" in the word
suctions," line 7, page 7. I correct the spelling of the word "heighest," line 9,
page 7, and substitute the word "valve" for the word "gearing" in the same line
and page.
I insert the word "is" before the word "not," line 17, page 7, and I
correct the spelling of the words "emploied" and "beginns" in lines 19 and 20
respectively on page 7. I add the letter "s" to the word "application," line 22,
page 7, and I substitute the numeral "9" for "1 and 3," line 24, page 7. Further,
I substitute the word "in" for the word "through," line 27, page 7; I also
substitute the word "at" for "in" after the word "maintained," at line 31,
page 7, and strike out the word constant," also the letter s," in the word
"conditions" in the same line and page. I substitute the word "fresh" for the
word "continuous" in line 32, page 7, and I strike out the words "degree of
expansion," line 34, page 7, and substitute therefor the word "
pressure; " I also
add the words "that to which" between the words " as" and "the" in the same
line and page. I substitute the word "to" for the word "at" in line 36, page 7,
and further substitute the word "point" for the word "height" in line 37, page 7;
I also substitute the word "pressure" for "height," line 38, page 7, and strike out
the word "not before the word "reached" in the same line and page.
"
And in order that it may be clearly understood what is the Invention which I
new consider to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, I
shall proceed to repeat (omitting. preamble and testing clause) my said Specification,

page_text: as proposed to be amended by this present Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
as follows:-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustav Joachim Hambruch, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked
thereon:-
"The particularitics of my pumping arrangement and the claims relating to it
"are the following:-
"1. The application of a syphon-like column of water, substantially in the manner
"herein-after described and respectively shewn, more particularly in Figures 1, 9,
"and 10, in the parts respectively marked a, a', for the purpose of lifting water
"and other liquids, and also for air motion.
"
<
2. The manner of steam condensation, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-after described and respectively shewn, more particularly in
Figures 1, 3, 9, and 10, in the parts marked f, i, g, h, by which the water column
"takes the action of an air pump.
"
"
•
"The accompanying Drawings represent such a pumping arrangement.
"
"6
"
Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation of the pumping arrangement.
Fig. 2 represents a part sectional elevation of pipe with floating part q.
Fig. 3 represents a part sectional elevation of the water reservoir, with the
condenser; Fig. 4, part sectional plan of the same.
"
"
Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, are sections of the revolving slide valve.
as adapted
Fig. 9 represents a section of the apparatus with its floating part q, A for air
"compressors, vacuum pumps, and water pumps of deep draught, and a sectional
" elevation of the pumping arrangement as generally applied as a compressing
"
«
«
pump.
ແ
Fig. 10 represents a sectional elevation of the pumping arrangement applied as
an automatically and continuous acting boiler-feeding apparatus.
"
By the mode of application as above stated, under claiming clause 1, the recep-
"tacle or reservoir in which the steam expands is entirely separated from the
receptacle or reservoir in which the lifting of the water takes place. This
arrangement allows a manifold application not yet attained by such a simple
apparatus.
"
"
"
<
<<
"
"
"
By the mode of application as above stated under claiming clause 2, the mode
"of condensation of the steam in connection with the mode of conveying or taking
away the condensed water and air by the pumping arrangement itself, produces a
power of suction or draught which increases the power or real effect of the
apparatus beyond that obtained by other pumping arrangements. The pipe a, a',
Fig. 1, shaped like a syphon, whose right arm a¹ is longer than its left arm a is
placed vertically and fixed to the ground. The pipe can be made of sheet or cast
" iron, or even of wood, for pumps of small draught. The semicircular connection a¹¹
"of both arms as represented in the Drawing, is the most convenient form, the
"water not being exposed to a great contraction in its flow; but this connection can
"also be made rectangular or of any other shape, or both compartments of the pipe 4
can be set at any distance one from the other, and be connected through another
pipe, simplifying hereby its manufacture.
"
"
"The water arm a¹ is mounted at its top with a valve b which opens to the inner
"side of the pipe, and a valve c which opens to the outer side, carrying further at
"the top a reservoir d to receive the lifted water which from thence flows away 5
"through the pipe shown at d, in Figure 1. In this reservoir or receptacle is placed
"the condenser f, which is fixed or screwed with its lower part g, to the valve c.
"The condenser is therefore put in connection with the water arm a¹, but the com-
"munication takes place on one side only, namely, from the condenser to the valve h,
"and the water arm a¹, while the valve hopens only at the bottom, and prevents the 5
water in the pipe a' entering the condenser. The pipe i is fixed to the reservoir d,

page_text: "and connects the condenser with the revolving slide valve m. The steam arm a is
"closed through the cover k which carries the segmental box l, the latter communi-
"
cating with the inside of the arm a through an opening made in the cover k.
"About the centre of the box is fixed horizontally the revolving slide valve m
"which is constructed on the Wilson principle, and is therefore unloaded.
tr
"The spindle m' as shewn in Figures 7 and 8 of the revolving slide valve tra
versing the box carries the weight n to which the rod p is fixed, as shewn in
Figures 1 and 2, and passes into the steam arm a through the opening in the cover
"k. This rod bears at its top a collar p', and at its end a nut pl. With it is con-
"nected the float q made of wrought iron, which nearly fills in diameter or width the
"steam arm, sufficient clearance being left to enable it to move freely up and down.
"The pipe, Figs. 7 & 8, connects the revolving slide valve to the boiler, and
"the pipe to the condenser f
"
"
"
"The steam passes from the pipe into the channel 1 of the spindle m¹, and
"enters from there, as seen in position shown in Fig. 6, into the box 7 and the
arm a, while the channels 2 communicating one with the other through the
opening 3, and being always in communication with pipe i put arm a in communi-
"cation with pipe i, when the slide valve is in the position, as shown in Figure 5.
"This latter position takes place when the rod p has been altogether drawn
downwards, and the valve spindle m¹ has been turned to the right, while the
"former position takes place; when the spindle is turned to the left and the rod p is
placed in its highest position, it is clear that any kind of unloaded slide valve,
piston or valve gear can be used. The arm a is in its entire length lined internally
"with woods fastened at the bottom in a notch or groove, and held at the top by
"the cover and is firmly pressed against the sides of the arm a. In apparatus
working under high steam pressure there is no such wooden lining, as the float
"fits against the sides of the arm a.
"
"
"
"
cr
"
"f
"
"THE MODE OF WORKING THE APPARATUS.
:
"Both arms a and a' and the receptacle d are filled with water, so that the float q
is lifted. The buoyancy of the float which pushes against the collar p¹ turns the
revolving slide valve to the left, establishing thereby the communication between
"the steam pipe r and the arm a. The steam enters the arm a, pressing against the
liquid contained in the arm a, as well as against the float, which is compelled to
"descend. In the same manner as the water column (or liquid) in a descends, it'
"ascends in a¹, enters through the valve c into the reservoir d, and is conveyed
through the pipe e. The float in its descent knocks against one of the nuts p";
"draws the rod p downward, and turns the revolving slide valve to the right,
establishing thereby the communication between a and the pipe i, and consequently
"also with the condenser f. The steam entering from a and i into f condenses itself
through the cold sides of the condenser, producing a vacuum in the arm a. The
"valve b being connected with the water reservoir where the water is drawn through
"the outer atmospheric pressure, will now press the water into the pipe t, from where
"it will through the valve b enter into the arm a¹ and rise in the arm a until the
" float
knocks against the collar p¹; it turns then the revolving slide valve to the
left, establishing thereby the communication with the steam pipe 7. The steam
presses against the column of water (or other liquid) in a, and the water formerly
"lifted flows away through the valve c and pipe e, and the so-described action of the
apparatus begins again. When the column of water descends in a¹, the water in
"the condenser produced through the condensation goes through the valve h into the
pipe a', the water column therein acting therefore as an air pump keeping the
"condenser free of water.
"The lift of the apparatus depends upon the capacity of the vacuum in the con-
"denser. It will therefore be necessary, if the water has to be lifted to a great
height, say, nearly to such a height as the atmospheric pressure is able to carry, to
"apply a condenser of appropriate large size, as represented (in Figure 3). In this
"

page_text: "
"condenser a great number of vertical pipes are inserted, through which the water
flows, while steam is kept around the pipes, entering at last at the centre, and
passing through the valve h into the pipe a'.
"
"If the column of water is not to be forced to a great height, the pressure of the
"steam required for the motion of the apparatus has only to be so great as to be
" able to overcome the difference in the water levels in a and a¹.
"The above stated condensation of the steam in the arm a is very small, as the
"sides in contact with the steam are lined with a bad conductor of heat (wood),
"while the flcat, filled with a stationary column of air, occupies the whole space
(section) in the arm, and therefore renders it difficult to give the heat up to the
"water. Besides this, the water heated in this part of the arm rests at the top, and
"therefore does not enter the arm a¹ when the motion begins.
"
"
"
"The application of this apparatus is manifold. It can be used as pumping
arrangement for mines, collieries, waterworks, drainage, and similar purposes, or as
a continuous boiler feeder. Figs. 9 and 10 represent this apparatus. In the last-
"named application it is built and manufactured as above described, but kept in a
more limited space.
"
"The condenser f, in Fig. 3, consists of a receptacle provided with a great
"number of pipes connected with the valve h to the pipe a¹.
"6
"
The steam inlet r (see Fig. 10) is connected to the boiler at the mean water
level, while the pressure pipe e enters the boiler, reaching nearly the bottom.
"The suction pipe t, Fig. 10, is connected to the water reservoir, from which the
"boiler is fed.
"
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the water in the boiler
" to be at such a low level that the steam enters the pipe r, it presses upon the column
of water in the arm a with the same pressure as that which exists upon the column
" of water in the pipe e. If now the column of water in e was no longer than the
"difference of the levels in both arms a, a¹, and consequently not able to overcome
"the weight of the column of water in a', which corresponds to the difference between
"both columns, the descent of the column of water in the arm a, with the ascent in
"the arm a¹, and therefore the flow of the water into the boiler, would not take place.
"This excess of weight corresponds to the difference of the water level in the boiler
"and the lowest water level in the arın a, and can be increased by further elevating
"the apparatus from its position.
"
"The apparatus is set at work through the excess of weight of the column of
"water in the pipe e. The column of water in a sinks, and with it the float which
"actuates the revolving slide valve, allowing the steam to enter the condenser, pro-
"ducing the vacuum, through which consequently the suction of the water takes
place, and therefore the water enters through the pipe t into the arm a¹. When
"the float has reached its highest level it reserves the valve and puts again the arm a
(Fig. 10) in communication with the steam pipe r, repeating the action, as before
"described, of the apparatus. When the water in the boiler is at such a level that
"it enters and fills the steam pipe r the float in the pipe a does not descend any
more, but keeps the communication between the arm a and the boiler open.
"6
66
The water column in balances the excess of weight of the water column in e,
"and the apparatus comes to a standstill. The exhaust steam is always entirely
"delivered to the feed water.
"The mechanism is of great simplicity, its stoppage during working therefore is
"not probable; but for greater security a second apparatus provided with a steam
pipe could be employed, which pipe reaches the lowest water level, so that this
" second reserve apparatus begins to act or could be set at work should the first be
stopped by accident.
«
"
"Besides the several applications of the apparatus mentioned in regard to lifting
" and conveying water or other liquid it can also be applied for the purpose of com-
pressing air, acting respectively as a vacuum pump. Fig. 9 represents an air
cr
"
compressor.
66
In regard to this latter application the pump arrangement differs only from the

page_text: "above-described apparatus in the altered shape of the before-described valves c
"and b, which are then constructed according to the requirements of com-
tr pressing air.
The column of water in a', which serves in the mean time for cooling purposes,
"is always kept and maintained at the suction valve b in the same condition by a
fresh flow of water running in.
"
"
"The steam used for the working of the apparatus has to be kept at the same
pressure, by means of a pressure-reducing valve, as that to which the air has to be
compressed.
"The pumping arrangement is set to work only when the pressure in the air
"reservoir descends below the normal point and comes to a standstill when this
pressure is reached; this is an advantage not possessed by other steam compressors.
"In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Conradi, have hereunto set my hand
" and seal, this Eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
"thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
H. CONRADI. (L.S.)"
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Joachim Hambruch, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Gustav Joachim Hain-
bruch, the assignee of the said Letters Patent, to file in the Great Seal Patent Office,
with the Specification to which the same relates, the above written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Conradi, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED UNIVERSAL
SYPHON PUMP." A communication from abroad by Gustav Joachim Hambruch,
of Berlin, in Prussia.
Sealed the 5th February 1878, and dated the 8th August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Conradi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1877.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED UNIVERSAL SYPHON PUMP." [A communication from
abroad by Gustav Joachim Hambruch, of Berlin, in Prussia.]
The particularities of my pumping arrangement, and the claims for the Patent
relating to it, are the following:-
1. The application of a syphon-like column of water for the purpose of lifting
water and other liquids, and also for air motion.
2. The manner of steam condensation by which the water column takes the action
of an air pump.
The accompanying Drawings represent such a pumping arrangement.
Fig. 1, Sheet I., represents a sectional elevation of the pumping arrangement.
Fig. 2, part sectional elevation of pipe with floating indicator in its highest
position.
Fig. 3, part sectional elevation of water reservoir with condenser.
Fig. 4, sectional plan of steam compartment.
Fig. 5, 6, 7, & 8 are sections of the revolving slide valve.
The pipe a, a, Fig. 1, Sheet I., whose right arm a¹ is longer than its left arm a,
is placed vertically and fixed to the ground. The pipe can be made of sheet or cast
iron, or even of wood for pumps of small draft. The semicircular connection a¹¹ of
both arms, as represented in the Drawing, is the most convenient form, the water
not being exposed to a great contraction in its flow; but this connection can also be
made rectangular or of any other shape, or both compartments of the pipe can be
oll...מ

page_text: set in a distance one from the other and be connected through another pipe,
simplifying hereby its manufacture. The water arm a¹ is mounted at its top with
a valve b which opens to the inner side of the pipe, and a valve c which opens to
the outer side, carrying further at the top a reservoir d to receive the lifted water,
which from thence flows away through the pipe e. In this reservoir or receptacle is
placed the condenser f, which is fixed or screwed with its lower part g to the valve c.
The condenser is therefore put in connection with the water arm a', but the communi-
cation takes place only on one side, namely, from the condenser to the valve h and
the water arm a', while the valve h opens only at the bottom, and prevents the
water in the pipe a¹ to enter the condenser. The pipe i is fixed to the reservoir
d, and connects the condenser with the revolving slide valve m. The steam arm a
is closed through the cover k, which carries the semicircular box 7, the latter communi-
cating with the inside of the arm a through an opening made in the cover k.
About the centre of the box is fixed horizontally the revolving slide valve m, which is
constructed on the Wilson principle, and is therefore unloaded. The axe m¹ of the
revolving slide valve, traversing the box l, carries the sector-shaped weight n, to
which the rod p is fixed, and passes into the steam arm a through the opening in the
cover k. This rod bears at its top a collar pl, and at its end a nut p¹. With it is
connected the float, also called tell-tale valve, or floating indicator q, made of wrought
iron, which nearly fills in diameter or width the steam arm, nevertheless bears
sufficient clearance to move freely up and down. The pipe r, Fig. 7 & 8, Sheet I.,
connects the revolving slide valve to the boiler and the pipe i to the condenser f.
The steam passes from the pipe into the channel 1 of the shaft m¹, and enters from
there, as seen in position shown in Fig. 6, into the box and the arm a, while the
channels 2, communicating one with the other through the opening 3, and being
always in communication with pipe put arm & in connection with pipe i, when
the slide valve is in the position, as shown in Fig. 5. This latter position takes place
when the rod p has been altogether drawn downwards, and the shaft m³ has been
turned to the right; while the former position takes place when the shaft is turned
to the left, and the rod p is placed in its highest position, it is clear that any kind
of unloaded slide valve, piston, or valve gear can be used. The arm a is in its entire
length covered with wood s, provided with a groove and spring fastened at the
bottom in a nutch, taken hold of at the top by the cover le, and is firmly pressed against
the sides of the arm a. In apparatus working under high steam pressure there is
no such wooden covering, as the float moves as tightly as possible against the sides
of the arm a.
THE MODE OF WORKING THE APPARATUS,
Both arms a and a' and the receptacle d are filled with water, so that the float q
is lifted. The buoyancy of the float, which pushes against the collar p', turns the
revolving slide valve to the left, establishing thereby the communication between the
'steam pipe and the arm a. The steam enters the arm a, pressing against the liquid
contained in the arm a, as well as against the float, which is compelled to descend.
In the same manner as the water column or liquid in a descends, it ascends in a', enters
through the valve c into the reservoir d, and is conveyed through the pipe e. The
float in its descend knocks against one of the nuts p", draws the rod P downwards,
and turns the revolving slide valve to the right, establishing thereby the communi-
cation between a and the pipe i, and consequently also with the condenser f. The
steam entering from a and i into f condenses itself through the cold sides of the
condenser, producing a vacuum in the arm a.
J
The valve b, Fig. 1 & 2, Sheet I. and II., being connected with the water
reservoir from where the water is drawn from, the outer atmospheric pressure will
now press the water into the pipe t, from where it will, through the valve b, enter
into the arm a', and rise in the arm a untill the float q knocks against the collar p¹;
it turns then the revolving slide valve to the left, establishing thereby the communi-
cation with the steam piper. The steam presses again. upon the column of water

page_text: or other liquid in a, and the water formerly lifted flows away through the valve c
and pipe e, and the so-described action of the apparatus begins again. When the
column of water descends in a¹, the water in the condenser produced through the
condensation goes through the valve h into the pipe a¹, the water column in a¹
acting therefore as air pump, keeping the condenser free of water.
The lift of the apparatus depends upon the capacity of the vacuum in the con-
denser; it will therefore be necessary if the water has to be lifted to a great height,
say, nearly to such a height as the atmospheric pressure is able to carry, to apply a
condenser of appropriate large sizes. In this condenser a great.number of vertical
pipes are inserted, through which the water flows while steam is kept around
the pipes, entering at last at the centre, and passing through the valve h into the
pipe a¹.
The application of this apparatus is manifold; it can be used as pumping arrange-
ment for mines, collieries, waterworks, drainage, &c., or as a continuous boiler feeder.
In the last-named application it is build and manufactured as the apparatus above
described, but kept in a more limited space.
The condenser, see Fig. 1, Sheet I., consists of a receptacle provided with a
great number of pipes connected with the valve h to the pipe a¹.
The steam inlet r, see Fig. 1 & 2, Sheet II., is connected to the boiler at the
mean water level, while the pressure pipe e enters the boiler, reaching nearly the
bottom.
The suction pipe t, Fig. 1 & 2, Sheet II., is connected to the water reservoir from
which the boiler is fed.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the water in the boiler
to be at such a low level that the steam enters the pipe r, it presses upon the column
of water in the arm a with the same pressure as that which exists upon the column
of water in the pipe e. If now the column of water in e was no longer than the
difference of the levels in both arms a, a¹, and consequently not able to overcome the
weight of the column of water in a', which corresponds to the difference between
both columns, a descent of the column of water in the arm a, a ascent in the arm a',
and therefore the flow of the water into the boiler would not take place. This
excess of weight corresponds to the difference of the water level in the boiler and
the lowest water level in the arm a, and can be increased by still elevating the
apparatus from its position.
The apparatus is set at work through the excess of weight of the column of
water in the pipe e, the column of water in a sinks, and with it the float which
gears the revolving slide valve, allowing the steam to enter the condenser, producing
the vacuum, through which consequently the suction of the water takes place, and
therefore the water enters through the pipe t into the arm a¹. When the float has
reached its highest level it reverses the gearing and puts again the arm a, see Fig. 2,
Sheet II., in communication with the steam piper, repeating the action as before
described of the apparatus. When the water in the boiler is at such a level that it
enters and fills the steam pipe r, the float in the pipe a does not descend any more,
but keeps the communication between the arm a and the boiler open. The water
column in balances the excess of weight of the water column in e, and the apparatus
comes to a stillstand. The exhaust or used steam is always entirely delivered to
the feed water.
ጥ
Besides the several applications of the apparatus mentioned in regard to lifting
and conveying water or other liquids, it can also be applied for the purpose of com-
pressing air, acting respectively as a vacuum pump.
In regard to this latter application the pump arrangement differs only from the
above-described apparatus, through the altered shape of the before-described
valves c and b, which are than constructed according to the requirements of
compressing air.
The column of water in a¹, which serves in the meantime for cooling purposes is
always kept and maintained in the suction valve b in the same constant conditions
by a continuous flow of water running in.
.

page_text: The steam used for the working of the apparatus has to be kept at the same
degree of expansion by means of a pressure-reducing valve as the air has to be
compressed.
The pumping arrangement is set at work only when the pressure in the air
reservoir descends, below the normal height, and comes to a stillstand when this
height is not reached, this is an advantage not possessed by other steam compressors.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Conradi in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th February
1878.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED UNIVERSAL SYPHON PUMP." A communication from
abroad by Gustav Joachim Hambruch, of Berlin, in Prussia.
The particularities of my pumping arrangement, and the claims for the Patent
relating to it, are the following:-
+
1. The application of a syphon-like column of water for the purpose of lifting
water and other liquids, and also for air motion.
2. The manner of steam condensation, by which the water column takes the
action of an air pump.
:
The accompanying Drawings represent such a pumping arrangement.
Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation of the pumping arrangement.
Fig. 2 represents a part sectional elevation of pipe with floating indicator.
Fig. 3 represents a part sectional elevation of the water reservoir with the con-
denser.
Fig. 4, part sectional plan of the same.
Fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8 are sections of the revolving slide valve.
Fig. 9 represents a section of steam arm connected with the floating indicator
for air compressors, vacuum pumps, and water pumps of deep draft, and a sectional
elevation of the pumping arrangement in generally applied as a compressions
pump.
Fig. 10 represents a sectional elevation of the pumping arrangement applied as
a automatically and continuous acting boiler-feeding apparatus.
By the mode of application as above stated under 1, the recepticle or reservoir
in which the steam expands is entirely separated from the recepticle or reservoir in
which the lifting of the water takes place. This arrangement allows a manifold
application not yet attained by such a simple apparatus.
By the mode of application as above stated under 2, the mode of condensation
of the steam in connection with the mode of conveying or taking away the
condensed water and air by the pumping arrangement itself produces a power
of suction or draft, which increases the power or real effect of the apparatus
beyond those obtained by other pumping arrangements. The pipe a, a, Fig. 1, 4
shaped like a syphon, whose right arm a' is longer than its left arm a, is placed
vertically, and fixed to the ground. The pipe can be made of sheet or cast iron,
or even of wood, for pumps of small draft. The semicircular connection all of
both arms, as represented in the Drawing, is the most convenient form, the water

page_text: C,
not being exposed to a great contraction in its flow; but this connection can also be
made rectangular or of any other shape, or both compartments of the pipe can be
set in a distance one from the other, and be connected through another pipe,
simplifying hereby its manufacture. The water arm a' is mounted at its top with
a valve b, which opens to the inner side of the pipe; and a valve
which opens to
the outer side, carrying further at the top a reservoir d to receive the lifted water,
which from thence flows away through the pipe e. In this reservoir or receptacle
is placed the condenser f which is fixed or screwed with its lower part g to the
valve c.
The condenser is therefore put in connection with the water arm a², but
the communication takes place on one side only, namely, from the condenser to the
valve and the water arm a', while the valve h opens only at the bottom, and
prevents the water in the pipe a¹ to enter the condenser. The pipe i is fixed to the
reservoir d, and connects the condenser with the revolving slide valve m. The
steam arm a is closed through the cover K, which carries the semicircular box 1,
the latter communicating with the inside of the arm a through an opening made in
the cover k. About the centre of the box is fixed horizontally the revolving slide
valve m, which is constructed on the Wilson principle, and is therefore unloaded.
The axe m¹ of the revolving slide valve, traversing the box l, carries the sector-
shaped weight n, to which the rod p is fixed, and passes into the steam arm a
through the opening in the cover k. This rod bears at its top a collar p², and at its
end a nut p". With it is connected the float, also called tell-tale valve, or floating
indicator q, made of wrought iron, which nearly fills in diameter or width the steam
arm, nevertheless bears sufficient clearance to move freely up and down. The piper,
Fig. 7 & 8, connects the revolving slide valve to the boiler, and the pipe i to the
condenser f. The steam passes from the piper into the channel 1 of the shaft m',
and enters from there, as seen in position, shown in Fig. 6, into the box and the
arm a, while the channels 2, communicating one with the other through the opening
3, and being always in communication with pipe i, puts arm a in communication
with pipe i, when the slide valve is in the position, as shown in Fig. 5. This
latter position takes place when the rod p has been altogether drawn downwards, and
the shaft m' has been turned to the right; while the former position takes place
when the shaft is turned to the left, and the rod p is placed in its highest position,
it is clear that any kind of unloaded slide valve, piston, or valve gear can be
used. The arm a is in its entire length covered with wood s, provided with a
groove and spring fastened at the bottom in a nutch, taken hold of at the top
by the cover k, and is firmly pressed against the sides of the arm a.
apparatus working under high steam pressure there is no such wooden covering,
as the float moves as tightly as possible against the sides of the arm a,
THE MODE OF WORKING THE APPARATUS.
'
In
Both arms a and a and the receptacle d are filled with water, so that the float g
is lifted. The buoyancy of the float which pushes against the callar p¹ turns the
revolving slide valve to the left, establishing thereby the communication between
the steam pipe and the arm a. The steam enters the arm a, pressing against the
liquid contained in the arm a as well as against the float, which is compelled to
descend. In the same manner as the water column (or liquid) in a descends, it
ascends in a¹, enters through the valve c into the reservoir d, and is conveyed
through the pipe e. The float in its descend knocks against one of the nuts p₁,
draws the rod p downward, and turns the revolving slide valve to the right,
establishing thereby the communication between a and the pipe i, and con-
sequently also with the condenser f. The steam entering from a and i into f
condenses itself through the cold sides of the condenser, producing a vacuum in the
arm d.
The valve b being connected with the water reservoir where the water is drawn
through, the outer atmospheric pressure will now press the water into the pipe t, from
where it will, through the valve b, enter into the arm a' and rise in the arm a until the

page_text: float q knocks against the collar pl; it turns then the revolving slide valve to the
left, establishing thereby the communication with the steam pipe 1. The steam
presses against the column of water (or other liquid) in a, and the water formerly
lifted flows away through the valve c and pipe e, and the so-described action of the
apparatus begins again. When the column of water descends in a¹ the water in the
in the condenser produced through the condensation goes through the valve h
into the pipe a', the water column in acting therefore as air pump keeping the
condenser free of water.
The lift of the apparatus depends upon the capacity of the vacuum in the con-
denser. It will therefore be necessary if the water has to be lifted to a great height,
say, nearly to such a height as the atmospheric pressure is able to carry, to apply a
condenser of appropriate large size, as represented (in Fig. 3). In this condenser a
great number of vertical pipes are inserted through which the water flows, while
steam is kept around the pipes, entering at last at the centre, and passing through.
the valve h into the pipes a¹.
If the column of water is not to be pressed to a great height, the pressure of the
steam required for the motion of the apparatus has only to be so great as to be able to
overcome the difference in the water levels in a and a', which in the maxima will be
in the largest sizes of the apparatus equal to 1 mieter, corresponding to 1/10 atmosphere,
and it has further to overcome the friction in the valves; this latter will be overcome
with, atmospheric surplus pressure in the boiler. The pump lifting the same quan-
tity or cubical contens of water or other liquid, as the cubical contens occupied by the
steam in the steam arm, the consumption of steam in cubical contens corresponds
exactly with the cubical contens of the water lifted hereby, not including the loss
of steam along the arm a. From this it results that 1 liter of steam of a surplus
pressure of 1/, atmosphere lifts 1 kilogram of water or other liquid to a hight
which corresponds to the column of water in the condenser depending of the vacuum.
This height will be at least 7 meters, requiring an amount of steam equal to
0,0835. 3600=3,226 kilogram per hour and per horse power, an effect not obtained
75.
7
1000
yet by other pumps.
The above stated condensation of the steam in the arm a, which has not been
taken into account in the above calculation, is very small, as the sides touched by
the steam are provided with 'bad conductor of heat (wood), while the float filled
with a stationary column of air occupies the whole space (section) in the arm, and
therefore renders it difficult to give the heat up to the water.. Besides this, the
water heated in this part of the arm rests at the top, and therefore does not enter
in the arm a when the motion begins.
The application of this apparatus is manifold. It can be used as pumping
arrangement for mines, collieries, waterworks, drainage, &c., or as a continuous boiler
feeder. Fig. 9 represents this apparatus. In the last-named application it is built
and manufactured as the apparatus above described, but kept in a more limited
space.
The condenser fin Fig. 3, consists of a receptacle provided with a great number
of pipes connected with the valve h to the pipe a¹.
The steam inlet r (see Fig. 10), is connected to the boiler at the mean water level,
while the pressure pipe e enters the boiler, reaching nearly the bottom.
The suction pipe t, Fig. 10, is connected to the water reservoir from which the
boiler is fed.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the water in the boiler
to be at such a low level that the steam enters the pipe r, it presses upon the column
of water in the arm a with the same pressure as that which exists upon the column
of water in the pipe e. If now the column of water in e was no longer than the
difference of the levels in both arms a, a', and consequently not able to overcome the
weight of the column of water in a¹, which corresponds to the difference between
both columns, a descent of the column of water in the arm a, a ascent in the arm a¹,
and therefore the flow of the water into the boiler, would not take place. This

page_text: excess of weight corresponds to the difference of the water leve lin the boiler, and
the lowest water level in the arm a, and can be encreased by still elevating the
apparatus from its position.
The apparatus is set at work through the excess of weight of the column of water
in the pipe e.
The column of water in a sinks, and with it the float, which-gears
the revolving slide valve, allowing the steam to enter the condenser, producing the
vacuum through which consequently the suction of the water takes place, and there-
fore the water enters through the pipe t into the arm a. When the float has reached
its heighest level it reverses the gearing and puts again the arm a (Fig. 10), in com-
munication with the steam pipe r, repeating the action, as before described, of the
apparatus. When the water in the boiler is at such a level that it enters and fills
the steam pipe r the float in the pipe a does not descend any more, but keeps the
communication between the arm a and the boiler open.
The water column in r balances the excess of weight of the water column in e, and
the apparatus comes to a standstill. The exhaust steam is always entirely delivered
to the feed water.
The mechanism is of great simplicity, its stoppage during working therefore not
probable; but for greater security, a second apparatus provided with a steam
pipe could be emploied, which pipe reaches the lowest water level, so that this
second reserve apparatus beginns to act or could be set at work should the first be
stopped by accident.
Besides the several application of the apparatus mentioned in regard to lifting
and conveying water or other liquid, it can also be applied for the purpose of com-
pressing air, acting respectively as a vacuum pump. Fig. 1 & 3 represents an air
compressor.
In regard to this latter application the pump arrangement differs only from
the above-described apparatus through the altered shape of the before-described
valves c and b, which are then constructed according to the requirements of com-
pressing air.
The column of water in a¹, which serves in the meantime for cooling purposes, is
always kept and maintained in the suction valve b in the same constant conditions
by a continuous flow of water running in.
The steam used for the working of the apparatus has to be kept at the same
degree of expansion by means of a pressure-reducing valve as the air has to be
compressed.
The pumping arrangement is set at work only when the pressure in the air
reservoir descends below the normal height, and comes to a standstill when this
height is not reached; this is an advantage not possessed by other steam com-
pressors.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Conradi, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight
H. CONDRADI. (L.S.)
The last clause, "In witness, &c.," and the seal, were added on 4th March 1878,
pursuant to an Order of the Lord Chancellor, dated 1st March 1878.
H. READER LACK.
Clerk to the Commissioners of Patents.