MAIRAGHUDE OR TRON
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Bayliss, of Pontnewydd, near Newport,
in the County of Monmouth, Forge Manager, for the Invention of
www MAIRAGHUDE OR TRON"
Sealed the 12th March 1867, and dated the 15th September 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Bayliss at the
Office of the, Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1866.
I, BENJAMIN BAYLISS, of Pontnewydd, near Newport, in the County of
Monmouth, Forge Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
In carrying out my improvements in the manufacture of iron I employ a
puddling furnace having a grate and three chambers. In one of these
chambers I melt or fuse the iron; I then run it into the second chamber
which is of a rectangular form, in which I fine it by the aid of jets of air
injected into it on each of the long sides of this chamber; I then run the iron
so fined into the third or puddling chamber, which is of a circular form, and has
two doors, one of these doors being an ordinary puddling door, by which I intro-
duce the tools and observe the progress of the process; the other of them is
on the opposite side and is without the ordinary aperture or stopper hole, and

page_text: is fixed level with the bottom of the chamber; by this door I discharge the
iron after it is balled or moulded.
My tools or implements differ from those ordinarily employed. The tool I
employ for boiling the iron has a vertical shaft with two horizontal bars at
the bottom having flat teeth fixed between them. When the iron is brought
into the boiling state I introduce another tool similar to this, but having
square teeth; with the aid of this tool I manipulate the iron till it is brought
to the state known as ready to ball; I then introduce the balling tool, which
consists of a vertical shaft, to which is fixed a mould open at the bottom and
one end. In using this tool I press it into the iron and against the side of
the chamber; it is then turned round opposite the door set level with the
bottom of the chamber, when it is made to force the iron so balled or moulded
through the door, which is raised for the purpose, on to an ordinary vehicle or
coach, by which it is conveyed to the hammer or squeezer; this tool is worked
by hand.
In carrying out my improvements the furnace is by preference stationary,
and rotary motion is given to the puddling implement by suitable mechanical
means. The circular chamber has a conical cover or top provided with
an opening through which the tools are introduced, as also the vertical shaft
works and is attached to machinery by which it is put in motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Bayliss in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th March 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
BAYLISS, of Pontnewydd, near Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Forge
Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Benjamin Bayliss, Her special licence that I, the said Benjamin
Bayliss, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Benjamin Bayliss, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might

page_text: make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Benjamin Bayliss, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Bayliss, do hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
In carrying out my improvements in the manufacture of iron I employ a
puddling furnace having a grate and three chambers. In one of these
chambers I melt or fuse the iron; I then run it into the second chamber
which is of a rectangular form, in which I fine it by the aid of jets of air
injected into it on each of the long sides of this chamber; I then run the iron
so fined into the third or puddling chamber, which is of a circular form and
has two doors, one of these doors being an ordinary puddling door by which I
introduce the tools and observe the progress of the process; the other of
them is on the opposite side, and is without the ordinary aperture or stopper
hole, and is fixed level with the bottom of the chamber; by this door I
discharge the iron after it is balled or moulded.
My tools or implements differ from those ordinarily employed. The tool I
employ for boiling the iron has a vertical shaft, with two horizontal bars at
the bottom having flat teeth fixed between them. When the iron is brought
into the boiling state I introduce another tool similar to this, but having
square or V formed teeth; with the aid of this tool I manipulate the iron till
it is brought to the state known as ready to ball; I then introduce the balling
tool, which consists of a vertical shaft, to which is fixed a mould open at the
bottom and one end. In using this tool I press it into the iron and against
the side of the chamber; it is then turned round opposite the door set level
with the bottom of the chamber, when it is made to force the iron so balled
or moulded through the door, which is raised or opened for the purpose, on to
an ordinary vehicle or coach, by which it is conveyed to the hammer or
squeezer; this tool is worked by hand. The furnace is by preference
stationary, and rotary motion is given to the puddling implements by suitable
mechanical means. The circular chamber has a conical cover or top provided

page_text: with an opening through which the tools are introduced, and the vertical
shaft works attached to machinery by which it is put in motion.
But that the Invention may be fully understood, I will by the aid of the
accompanying Drawing pressed to describe apparatus employed by me in
the come into offaat
accompanying
carrying the same into effect
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a front elevation, Figure 2 a longitudinal section, and
Figure 3 a sectional plan of apparatus arranged for carrying out my Invention.
Figure 4 represents a plan; Figure 5, a back view of a portion of the appa-
ratus; and Figures 6 to 16 show some of the details separately. In each of
these Figures the same letters are employed to represent corresponding parts
wherever they occur.
a is the grate; b, c, and d are the three chambers. The iron is first
melted or fused in the first chamber b; this chamber has an ordinary pud-
dling door with stopper hole 6' by which the iron is charged, but is without
the ordinary bay or flue bridge; the bottom and sides of it are lined with
any suitable cinder with which puddling furnaces are lined. The iron is
retained in this chamber 6 till the whole is melted by means of cinder placed
across where the flue bridge is fixed. When the iron is melted this cinder is
removed and the iron allowed to run into the second or fining chamber c.
This second chamber c is of a rectangular form; it consists of four water
blocks or boshes c¹ on the outside; these are secured together by bolts, but
with communication with each other, so that water flows through the whole;
inside these are four lining plates & fitting against them. On the bottom and
sides is a lining of any suitable cinder; through the water blocks, plates, and
On the
lining of cinder are three openings to receive three tue irons e, e, e.
top of the boshes on one side is an opening c through which the fining can
be observed and a bar introduced to stir the iron if required. When the iron
is sufficiently fined it is run into the third or puddling chamber d by means
of a tapping hole and trough co, as indicated by the arrow; this third
chamber has side plates d' lined with cinder like an ordinary puddling
furnace, but is of a circular form; it may have water blocks d round the
plates d', but they are not essential. This chamber d has two doors fand g
the door fis an ordinary puddling door with stopper hole f¹, and is se
in the usual place near the top of the side plates; through the stopper hole f
the process is observed as it proceeds. The door g is without the ordinary
stopper hole, and is set level with the bottom of the chamber d, and is the
door by which the iron is discharged after it is balled or moulded. When the

page_text: iron is run into this chamber d, the boiling tool, Figures 6, 7, and 8, is
introduced and connected to machinery to be described; it receives rotary
motion by means of a pulley and strap or band. When the iron is sufficiently
boiled another tool, Figures 9, 10, and 11, is introduced, by which the iron is
manipulated till it is brought into the state known as ready to ball. When
the iron is ready for balling the balling tool is introduced, Figures 12, 13,
14, and 15; this tool is employed to divide the iron into as many parts as
may be required. When the iron is divided it is pressed against the side of
the chamber; the iron so divided and pressed is then turned round opposite
the door g set level with the bottom, and is forced out on to an ordinary
vehicle or coach to be taken to the hammer or squeezer; the power required
to work this tool is applied by hand. The puddling tools are square at the
top and fit into a square cap; this cap has a square shaft introduced into a
socket having two slots. In the shaft is a keyhole; when the shaft is
inserted in the socket a key is passed through the slots and shaft, see
Figure 16; the object of this is to give liberty to the puddling tools to rise or
fall should the bottom of the chamber rise or sink or the teeth of the tool
wear short. The teeth of the boiling tool are flat and the teeth of the other
puddling tool are of a V form.
Having thus described my Invention and means which I adopt in carrying
the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details shown and described, as these may be varied without
departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what I do claim
is, the arranging, combining, and working apparatus for the manufacture of
iron in manner substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Bayliss, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
BENJAMIN BAYLISS.
(L.S.)