A CANDLESTICK, WITH A SOCKET OR NOZLE TO FIT CANDLES OF VARIOUS SIZES WITHOUT USING PAPER, AND WHICH INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED TO CANDLESTICKS ALREADY MADE
Year: 1784

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
RICHMOND, of the Parish of Saint Andrew, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Third of July, in the twenty-fourth year of His reign, did
give and grant unto me, the said John Richmond, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said John Richmond, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and every of them,
by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy and deputics, servants
or agents, or such others as I, the said John Richmond, my exors, adñors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of His King-
dom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A CANDLESTICK, WITH A SOCKET
OR NOZLE TO FIT CANDLES OF VARIOUS SIZES WITHOUT USING PAPER, AND
WHICH INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED TO CANDLESTICKS ALREADY MADE," as to me,
the said John Richmond, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, or any of them,
should in their discretion seem meet; and that I, the said John Richmond,
should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity,
and advantage from time to time coming, growing, and arising, by reason of the

page_text: said Invention, for and during the term of years therein mentioned, to have,
hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages
therein-before granted unto me, the said John Richmond, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from
the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully
to be compleat and ended according to the Statute in such case made and
provided; in which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said John Richmond, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Richmond, in compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby describe and declare the nature and form of my
said Invention to be as follows (that is to say):
When a candlestick has a loose nozle, the nozle, or cylindrical part thereof,
is to descend only about half way down the socket of the candlestick, and is"
to have one, two, three, four, or more perpendicular slit or slits in its whole
or nearly its whole length, and of a proper wideness to admit and receive the
angular picces or movements herein-after mentioned. The bottom of the
solid and remaining parts of the cylinder is on each side of every slit to
descend a little lower than the rest of the cylinder, so as to form knuckles
or small shoulders for a pin to pass through. On this pin an angular or bent
piece of metal or other proper matter is to play, the pin passing at or near its
angle centrally, or nearly centrally, through it and the knuckles and shoulders.
The upper part of each such angular or bent piece is to correspond or, coincide
with, and fill or occupy, one of the above-mentioned slits, at, the same time
that the lower parts of these several angular pieces are bent inwards towards
the supposed axis of the cylinder, and form sections of an inverted cone or
pyramid. The candle is to be put into this loose nozle when the upper part
of each such angular piece or movement coincides with and fills the slits in
the cylinder, and whilst their lower parts form sections of an inverted cone or
pyramid, from whence it necessarily follows that the candle (if not of greater
diameter than the cylinder, will meet with no impediment till it reaches the
angles of the movements, when in proportion to the respective sizes or dia:
meters of the candle and cylinder, the candle on being pressed downwards will
expand or force outwards the lower part, and at the same time contract or
force inwards the upper part of each movement, thereby holding or binding

page_text: the candle, if the diameter of the candle be not less than half the diameter of
the cylinder. To render this Invention compleat or more effectual, there may
be one, two, three, four, or more straight pieces of metal, or other proper matter
or materials, fixt upright or perpendicularly within the internal surface of the
cylinder, and upon the solid parts thereof between the several movements; these
may be rivetted or soldered on or cast or otherwise manufactured along with
the nozle, and may project internally more or less according to the size of the
nozle, which, fixt upright or perpendicular, pieces may be made thick or thin,
or angular or sharp on the edge, or indented or serrated, or of any proper form
or.projection whatsoever, and are intended to cut into or shave the candle to
render or keep it more firm and steady in the socket and nozle, and may not
improperly be called ribs or cutters, but the movements may be made and used
without the ribs or cutters, or the ribs or cutters may be made and used
without the movements, and either of them distinct and seperate from the
others may prove effectual. Ribs or cutters may also be applied to the move-
ments when a candlestick is without a loose uozle. Then the ribs or cutters
are to be applied to the internal surface of the fixt socket or nozle, and such
fixt socket or nozle may be also furnished with the movements by means of a
wire joint or wire joints, or some other contrivance. These new-invented
candlesticks admit of a worm, screw, or push-up, slits being left or made in
their tops to admit of the ribs or cutters, and allow the worm, screw, or push-
up to rise to the top of the socket or nozle. The several above-described
sockets and nozles may be made of or in gold, silver, plated, japanned, and
enamelled or painted goods, wares, or materials, futenage, prince's metal, brass,
copper, iron, tin, lead, pewter, or any kind of metal or composition of metals,
or any other proper materials. And the Invention may be used with or
applied to every kind of old or new candlestick, chandalier, sconse, branch,
lanthorn, lamp, or any other article for holding a candle, lamp, &c., made of
the above or any other metals or composition of metals, or any other proper
materials whatsoever, whether cast or wrought or otherwise manufactured.
When these new-invented sockets or nozles having fixt ribs or cutters only are
made of tin or any other thin malliable metal or composition of metals, in
such case the sockets or nozles, together with the ribs or cutters, may be made
or wrought all of one piece (or diverse pieces) in some degree similar to what
are called paste cutters, without having the ribs or cutters soldered or rivetted
or otherwise fastened to the socket or nozle; such a combination of ribs or
cutters or loose socket as last mentioned, may of itself answer the intended
purpose, or it may be adopted to and fixed or let into or fastened in any new
or old socket or nozle of the usual or common construction. If it be found

page_text: inconvenient to have the cylinder of a loose nozle so thick as to be pierced
for the pin to pass through its knuckles or small shoulders, then a wire may
be carried round the bottom of the cylinder for the movements to work on,
the knuckles or shoulders being bent and turned over the wire, or the wire
may be soldered or rivitted or otherwise fastened to the bottom of the cylin-
drical part of the loose nozle.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Richmond, have hereunto set my