IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELASTIC SURFACE ROLLERS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Archibald Jaques, Chemist, and John Americus.
Fanshawe, Engineer, both of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
and Frank Jaques, of Droylesdon, in the County of Lancaster, Gentle-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELASTIC
SURFACE ROLLERS."
Sealed the 20th June 1862, and dated the 18th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Archibald Jaques,
John Americus Fanshawe, and Frank Jaques, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th March
1862.
We, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE,
Engineer, both of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, and FRANK
JAQUES, of Droylesdon, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC
TION OF ELASTIC SURFACE ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the construction of elastic surface rollers
relates to the construction of rollers used in various kinds of machines or appa.
ratus employed in manufacturing operations where a hard but somewhat elastic
surface is required.

page_text: The purposes for which our Invention will be found peculiarly applicable
are for manufacturing the drawing and pressing rollers used in spinning and
preparing various fibrous substances, in calendering, pressing, printing, and
embossing machines, and also for the inking, colouring, and impression cylin-
ders of printing machinery. The body of the rollers or cylinders is made of
metal, wood, or other suitable material, and the elastic surface is made of a
compound of hard and soft india-rubber compound. The outer surface is
made of that hard compound of rubber known as vulcanite, which, when
finished, posesses a hard, smooth, and polished surface. In.order to impart
the requisite amount of elasticity, this outer hard covering is lined with a soft
preparation of india-rubber, known as vulcanized or mineralized rubber. These
two compounds are formed into, cylinders of suitable dimensions for covering
the rollers to which they are intended to be applied, and when so applied by
the aid of any suitable cement or preparation for making the india-rubber
to adhere to the metal, the compound will be found to adhere with great
tenacity, and will present a perfectly smooth, even, and hard surface, which by
being bedded on a soft compound will yet have the required amount of elas-
ticity. It will of course be understood that the hardness and elasticity, or
yielding nature of the elastic surfaces must be varied to suit different purposes.
These qualities may be varied and modified to a nicety by the manufacturer,
and when once the desired degree of elasticity required for any particular
purpose is obtained, a continuance of the quality may be ensured.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said James Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and
Frank Jaques, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th September
1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
ARCHIBALD JAQUES, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, Engineer, both
of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, and FRANK JAQUES, of Droylesdon,
near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Janies Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and. Frank

page_text: Jaques, Her special license, that we, the said James Archibald Jaques, John
Americus Fanshawe, and Frank Jaques, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said James Archibald Jaques, John
Americus Fanshawe, and Frank Jaques, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELASTIC SURFACE ROLLERS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Archibald Jaques,
John Americus Fanshawe, and Frank Jaques, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of some or one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Americus Fanshawe, on behalf
of myself and of the said James Archibald Jaques and Frank Jaques, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention; and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed;
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Construction of Elastic Surface
Rollers" relates to the construction of rollers used in various kinds of machines
or apparatus employed in manufacturing operations where a hard but somewhat
elastic surface is required:
.
The purposes for which our Invention will be found peculiarly applicable
are for manufacturing the drawing and pressing rollers used in spinning and
preparing various fibrous substances, and also in ealendering, pressing, printing,
and enibossing machines. The Invention is also applicable to the manufacture
of the inking, colouring, and impression cylinders used in printing machinery.
The body of the rollers or cylinders is made of metal, wood, or other suitable
material, and the elastic. surface is made of a combination of hard and soft
rubber compounds, or, if preferred, the body of the roller may be made of the
compound of hard and soft rubber above mentioned, provided with a spindle
composed of metal, hard wood, or other suitable-substanee. The outer surface
of the roller is made of that hard compound of rubber known as vuleanite,.
which, when finished, possesses a hard, smooth, and polished surface; and in

page_text: order to impart the requisite amount of elasticity to the roller, this outer hard
covering is lined with a soft preparation of india-rubber, known as vulcanized
or mineralized rubber. These two compounds are formed into cylinders of
suitable dimensions for covering the rollers to which they are intended to be
applied, and when so applied they are by the aid of any of the ordinary and
well-known cements or preparations caused to adhere together, and also to the
metal or other core which forms the centre of the roller. It is well known that
vulcanized india-rubber has, when heated, a strong affinity for brass; in order,
therefore, to ensure the perfect adhesion of the rubber to the core or spindle of
the rollers, we propose either to coat the surface of the metal spindle or body.
of the roller with brass, or we secure thereon a brass tube, to which the rubber
compound will adhere with great tenacity.
Fig. 1 in the accompanying Drawing represents a transverse section of a
drawing roller, constructed according to our Invention. a is the metal core
or spindle of the roller, and which may be covered or coated with brass, either
by the well-known electro-galvanic process or in any other convenient manner
to obtain a brass surface, to ensure the adhesion of the rubber; b is the elastic
or soft rubber cushion, made of vulcanized india-rubber, and which will adhere
with great tenacity to the brassed surface of the spindle a; c is. the hard rubber
outer surface made of vulcanite, and which chemically, unites with the soft
rubber cushion b.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section of a roller of larger dimensions, in which the
india-rubber cylinders are secured upon a wooden roller d, enclosed in a brass
tube e, and provided with a central metal spindle.
The several parts of the compound roller thus formed of hard and soft
rubber, with a metal or other core, will be found to be firmly, united and will
adhere together with great tenacity. The roller will thus possess a perfectly
smooth, even, and hard outer surface, which, by being bedded on or chemically
united with soft india-rubber compound, will possess the required amount of
elasticity. It will of course be understood that the hardness and elasticity or
yielding nature of the elastic surfaces must be varied to suit different purposes.
These qualities may be varied and modified to a nicety by the manufacturer,
either by increasing the thickness of the outer cylinder of vulcanite, or
decreasing the total thickness of the india-rubber covering, or in any other
convenient manner; but when once the desired degree of elasticity required
for any particular purpose is obtained, a continuance of the quality may be
ensured.
Having now described our Invention of improvements in the construction of

page_text: elastic surface rollers, and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we claim as our Invention the combination of the hard and soft
compounds of india-rubber known in this country as junction rubber, with
any suitable core, for the purpose of producing elastic surface rollers, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Americus Fanshawe, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Signed in the presence of
T. GALPIN,
Tottenham.
JOHN A. FANSHAWE. (LS.)