IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TAKE-UP APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Kershaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1864.
I, JABEZ KERSHAW, of Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TAKE-UP
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to means for effecting a uniform winding on of
the cloth on to the work roller or beam, and for mechanism effecting a
decreasing rotary motion to such roller or beam in proportion as such roller
or beam is increased in diameter by the winding of cloth thereon.
In the winding of cloth on to a beam or roller it is obvious that the cloth is
not wound thereon concentrically, nor yet spirally, but that for nearly the
whole circumference it is wound thereon in a concentric manner, but when it
arrives at that point where it becomes necessary for the cloth to mount, as it
were, a step in order to produce a succeeding layer of cloth, at this point
another circle or rather the arc of another circle is formed. This quantity,
which accumulates in equal proportions at each succeeding layer of cloth,
must necessarily be compensated for, if not it naturally produces serious results.
In order, therefore, to arrive at a proper proportion I devised the following
geometrical figures, viz., with the point of the compasses at A, describe the
are C, B', whose radius must be equal to the radius of the beam or roller on
which the cloth is to be wound; then with the same centre describe the arc C, B,
whose radius must be four-sixths of the diameter of the roller or beam; then

page_text: from the centre A draw the line A, B, and let fall the perpendicular A, C;
then will the hypothenuse B, C, of the right angle triangle A, B, C, be the
radii that the compensating levers must be before commencing to wind on
the cloth.
Secondly, with the point of the compasses at A describe the arc D, D¹,
equal to the radius of the roller or beam on which the cloth is to be wound;
then with the same centre, but with a radius equal to four-sixths of the
diameter of the roller or beam describe the arc B, B¹, let the radius of the
arc E, E¹, be five-sixths of the diameter, and let the radius of the arc F, F¹,
equal the diameter of the beam or roller. From the centre A draw the
line A, F, and let fall the perpendicular A, F. Then draw the line D, G,
tangent to the arc D, D', cutting the arc B, B', in the point G, and from the
point G let fall the perpendicular G, M, parallel to the line A, F, then will
A, D, G, M, be a parallelogram; bisect the parallelogram A, D, G, M, by
the line A, G, which must be extended to L from the point H, draw the
line H, B, tangent to the arc D, D¹, then at right angles to the line H, B,
and parallel to the line A, L, draw the line B, C, from the point B, then with
the point of the compasses at B describe the small are E, N, whose radius
must equal one-sixth of the diameter of the roller or beam, and then with the
same centre describe the small arc F, C, whose radius must be two-sixths of
the diameter or beam, then draw the lines N, G, and C, K, parallel to the
line B, H, and tangent to the arc E, E, and F, F, and the small arcs E, N,
and F, C, now draw the line A, C, which will be the radii that the levers
must be before commencing to wind on the cloth.
Upon the tappett or other suitable shaft are keyed the cams or eccentrics
for giving vibratory motion to the compensating levers; these compensating
levers have their fulcrum upon a stud made fast to the loom frame at a
proportionate radii, as already described; these levers are connected by means
of studs and connecting rods to the excentrics, and they are formed with
circular slots in which the studs may as the diameter requires rise or fall
freely. The radii of these circular slots in order to secure parallelism of
action are as the length of the connecting rods from the eccentrics. Upon the
upper extremity of these compensating levers are attached by means of pins
other connecting rods, the other extremity of which are attached to the lower
extremities of other levers having their fulcrum upon a stud in the main
framing of the loom. To each of these levers and at equal distances from the
fulcrum are fixed loosely thereon by means of pins the pawls or catches which
act upon to give motion to the ratchet wheel, and afterwards, through the
ordinary train of change wheels and pinions, to the roller or beam on which

page_text: the cloth is to be wound. Upon the periphery of the roller or beam, or upon
the surface of the cloth when in the act of being woven and wound thereon
and guided by a bracket placed on each side of the loom rests a rod; this rod
as the cloth is wound on to the beam is raised at each succeeding layer, and
by means of connecting links the studs in the circular slots of the compensating
levers are also raised; by this means the amount of motion imparted to the
ratchet wheel, and through the medium of the change wheels and pinions to
the work roller or beam, may be varied in proportion according as such studs
are raised or depressed by the action of the cloth in the circular slots of the
compensating levers. The excentrics upon the tappett or other suitable shaft
are placed at right angles to each other in order to obtain continuous rotary
motion to the ratchet wheel, or an action similar to the step-by-step motion
may be obtained by means of a noggin plate upon the tappet shaft or star
wheel to which the eccentrics are fixed, and then by the means already
described motion is communicated through the medium of levers and wheels
to the work roller or beam. It will be obvious that although the motion
imparted by this means is essentially a step-by-step motion, yet it is not com-
pelled to take one or more integer teeth, as in the ordinary step-by-step
motions, but that the ratchet wheel is held by one or other of the pawls or
catches exactly at the point to which it has been moved, each pawl or catch
acting as its own impelling or holding catch, and by this means the ratchet
wheel may be caused to move the least fractional part of a revolution, and is
held in that position until the eccentrics are by the noggin plate moved
another quarter of a revolution, and the advantages of a step-by-step motion
are combined with continuous rotary motion.