matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richardson and John
Yeomans at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition on the 17th July 1866.
We, JOHN RICHARDSON, of Moselle Terrace, Tottenham, in the County
of Middlesex, and JOHN YEOMANS, of Minories, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to hats to be worn in time of mourning, and is
intended as a substitute for the loose mourning bands of cloth or other fabric
now ordinarily worn. It is well known that these mourning bands in con-
sequence of their being loose are liable to become creased and get out of
place, presenting an untidy appearance, and it is to remedy this defect that
the present Invention is designed.
The Invention consists principally in cementing the band to the body of
the hat in the process of manufacture so that the hat presents the appearance
of an ordinary silk hat with a cloth mourning band, but the latter being
cemented to the body cannot possibly become creased or get out of place.
In carrying out our Invention, instead of covering the whole of the body of
the hat with silk plush, we cover only the 11m, the crown, and a certain
depth down the body of the bat, according to the width of the mourning
band to be applied; we then cut the edge of the plush even, and having

page_text: previously cut the mourning band of cloth or other fabric to the required width
and joined the ends (by sewing or otherwise) we apply the band by means of
cement to the body of the hat in such a manner that the upper edge of the
We then finish the
band slightly overlaps the lower edge of the silk plush
bat in the usual manner.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED GLASS WINDOWS AND OTHER TRANSLUCENT SURFACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Harry Newman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1866.
PHILIP HARRY NEWMAN, of Rathbone Place, in the County of Middle-
sex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED GLASS WINDOWS AND OTHER TRANSLUCENT
SURFACES," to be as follows:---
:
My improvements in the manufacture or construction of coloured glass
windows and other translucent surfaces consist in securing the pieces of
coloured glass to a backing or protecting surface of plain glass, ground or
otherwise in the form of the design or ornamentation required, and disposing
in front thereof a surface of glass partly ornamented by gilding or opaque
colours, or the gilding or opaque colours might be applied partly on the face
of the coloured glass and partly on the cement or other material at the
junctions thereof; but I prefer the additional sheet of glass, as affording a
better protection for the coloured glass design, and also for the gilding or
opaque colours, which I apply in that case on the back of the facing sheet.
Instead of the coloured glass being cemented on a backing, as before mentioned,
it may be secured on the facing sheet to which the opaque ornamentation is
applied, taking care to use a cementing substance to secure it that will not
affect the opaque colouring-matter or gilding. By this means I am enabled
to produce a translucent surface having all the appearance of a stained or
coloured glass window viewed from the interior of a building with a lesser

page_text: proportion of opaque surface, while the said window may present a highly
ornamental appearance on the outside by the appropriate ornamentation of the
opaque colours and gilding on the outer glass.
In carrying out my Invention I take a sheet of glass, say, ground on one
or both sides, on this sheet of glass I apply in the form and arrangement of
the design required the pieces of colored glass and cause them to adhere by
means of silicate of potash, or it may be gum or other substitute, it being
merely for a temporary purpose; I then fill in the interstices between the
edges of the glass with Portland cement or other cementing material of a
like nature; I then apply the facing glass having the opaque ornamenting
colours which correspond in such manner with the design of the coloured
glass that the opaque ornamentation obscures the junctions of the glass. I
cement the surfaces of glass together, it may be near the edges only, or at
intervals throughout the surface where the opaque substances occur, or it
might be over the entire surface if a transparent adhesive material is used;
these surfaces may be used in one piece for a moderate sized opening or
'window, or in parts or sections of a window, and secured to the framing;
these surfaces are also adapted for window blinds, lamps, clock faces, and in
other positions in which there is a light on the side opposite to that from which
it is viewed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DEOXIDATION AND PRECIPITATION
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Paraf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August 1866.-
A communication from abroad by Mathias Paraf Javal, of Thann,
France.
I, ALFRED PARAF, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DEOXIDATION AND PRECIPITATION," (being a communication to me from abroad
by Mathias Paraf Javal, of Thann, France,) to be as follows:-
In order to save time and expense in the deoxidation of indigo, and also
that the dyer or other consumer of deoxidised indigo may have a vat of a
regular quality and indensity I prepare in advance indigo, which I preserve
from contact with the air in glass bottles, and in any state that indigo would
be used for any dyeing process that it could be applied. I employ the following
method:-1 replace the usual reductors entirely or partially by zinc, using by
preference this metal in the impalpable state. One or two parts of zinc, two
or four parts of quicklime, three to four parts of indigo have given me very
good results, the usual mode of working being employed.
I. also find that zinc in powder reduces metals in finer powder than in
plates or grains, and I reserve to myself the use of metals in powder for the
precipitation of metals.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Edwin Ward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1866.
I, JOSEPH EDWIN WARD, of Bredbury, in the County of Chester, Hat
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to machinery to be used for moulding
or pressing a certain form of felt and other hats, that is, such as will not
withdraw from the mould when pressed into the shape desired, and my im-
provements consist in the construction, arrangement, and combination of
mechanism for the purpose. The mechanism by which the pressure upon the
bat is effected is similar to that used for pressing hats which will withdraw
from the mould when finished, that is, hydraulic pressure acting through
an elastic medium, but the mould in which the hat is to be pressed is formed
in two halves which are held together when the hat is being pressed, and
separated when the hat is to be removed. The mould is constructed in a
peculiar manner, it is first cast as a complete mould, then finished internally
and externally, and is then broken into two halves, being cast with a thin
place in the metal at the part where the fracture is required, the object being
to get a jagged-joint, such as the fracture of metal gives in place of a straight
line junction that would leave a mark. The mould so prepared is inserted
and secured in a corresponding hollow casing, which is heated by steam; one

page_text: part of the casing and mould is fixed and firmly secured to a bed or frame,
the other part of the casing and mould is arranged in slides so as to be slided
against or withdrawn from the fixed mould. The steam is conveyed to and
from the moveable casing of the mould by flexible tubes, swivel-jointed pipes,
or sliding pipes and stuffing boxes; the moveable part of the casing and mould
is actuated and held firm by a powerful screw, which is locked by another
screw when the mould is screwed up, or it is actuated by an hydraulic ram
or hydraulic pressure acting through an elastic bag, or by knuckle joint levers,
and an excentric or crank actuated by a lever.
The second part of my Invention relates to arrangements for cutting the
brims of hats to a uniform size all round, and consists in placing the hat in a
suitable holder to keep it central, its brim resting upon a block or edge, and
then bringing down a ring knife of the size and shape of the intended brim,
and cutting out the brim at one operation by pressure or percussion. The
knife may be made by taking a block of the size and shape of the brim to
be cut, and bending round it a thin steel blade sharpened at its lower edge,
the blade being secured by clamping its two ends to the block.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTS FOR CARTES DE VISITE AND PLAYING CARDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Medd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1866.
I, HENRY MEDD, of Oxford Street, in the Parish of Mary-le-bone, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTS FOR CARTES DE VISITE AND PLAYING CARDS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements on the ordinary carte de visite mounts and common
playing cards consist in printing, impressing, engraving, or otherwise
delineating on the back of such mounts or playing cards the arms, crests,
mottos, monograms, or other designs representing the armorial bearings or
monogrammic devices of the person, family, or personage represented by the
likeness in the carte de visite, or to whom the playing cards belong. Such
may be represented in their heraldic colours, being printed or executed by.
hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1866.
I, RICHARD CLARK, of Cannon Farm, Pinner, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINE BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the economizing of fuel in the working of
locomotive and other steam engines by the adoption of gas as a heating
medium in combination with a forced supply of atmospheric air.
In the heating of steam boilers I use ordinary coal gas, which may be
contained in a suitable receptacle in the tender of a locomotive engine or other
convenient position to the boiler to be acted upon. Between the gasometer
and
gas burner I introduce, by means of a supply pipe and pump, atmospheric
air, the supply of which must be regulated by the pressure of gas and the
quantity of heating surface to be acted upon by such forced supply of air
acting in the nature or manner of a blast furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE CARDS AND COMBS OB HECKLES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1866.
I, JAMES CLARK, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE CARDS AND COMBS OB HECKLES USED IN
THE PREPARATION OF COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
Wire cards and combs or heckles are usually made of ordinary iron or
steel wire, and are liable to become rusted, especially when they have been
standing some time out of use, or when, as in some cases of the woollen
manufacture, moisture is desired to be adopted to assist their operation.
My Invention has for its object the prevention of the said rusting, and
this I accomplish by galvanizing, or in a similar manner coating the wire
combs or heckles with a protecting metal.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAPES AND OTHER SIMILAR DEPOSITORIES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Maddocks and William Dunn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
4th April 1866.
We, JOHN MADDOCKS and WILLIAM DUNN, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanics, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAPES AND OTHER SIMILAR
DEPOSITORIES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the application and use of "dovetail" shaped.
bars to the interior surface of the door of the safe, such bars entering and
sliding in grooves of corresponding shape formed in the top and bottom sides
of the safe. In this arrangement hinges are dispensed with, the door being
made to slide in the grooves, and if heavy may run upon small rollers in the
grooves. When the door is closed the joints between the door and the sides
of the safe by reason of their form are flame-proof, and will resist the use of
wedges or levers, and gunpowder cannot be introduced through the joint as
hitherto. The bolts of the lock to secure the door pass through apertures in
the sides of the grooves and enter recesses in the "dovetail" bars, which
prevents the sliding movement and secures the door.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1866.
I, GEORGE HART, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF HATS, CAPS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of hats, caps,
and other coverings for the head.
I propose to form the body of the hat or other covering of felt, gossamer,
calico, or other suitable material, and to block the same in the ordinary
manner, after which I propose to cover the exterior surface with japan varnish,
and thus form a water-tight covering.
The chief object of the Invention is to make a covering for the head suitable
for hot climates such as India; with this view I form a helmet-shaped block
and corresponding pattern of covering to shade the eyes and back of the neck;
other shapes may be adopted. I then coat the helmet with white japan in
order to reflect the rays of the tropical sun. For bonnets, caps, hats, and
other coverings any other color of japan required may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY ENGINES AND CARRIAGES, BUFFERS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Moulton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1866.
I, STEPHEN MOULTON, of Bradford, in the County of Wilts, India-rubber
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY
ENGINES AND CARRIAGES, BUFFERS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in embedding in the cross section of a hollow or solid
cylinder of india-rubber rings or washers of metal or other suitable hard
material, or in the case of solid cylinders metal or other plates, at such per-
pendicular distances from each other in the cylinder as may in practice be
found best. These rings, washers, or plates give greater firmness and power
of resistance to the india-rubber cylinder when employed as a spring. I prefer
to perforate the rings, washers, or plates so that the india-rubber when in. its
plastic or uncured state may be connected through these perforations. The
whole mass is then subjected to the ordinary curing process, and the spring is
complete.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DISTANCE SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Holiday at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd November
1866.
I, RICHARD HOLIDAY, of 114, High Street, Poplar, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DISTANCE SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
I fix to the auxiliary signal post a ratchet wheel and stop, or a bar with
teeth, and to the rod or signal arm I fix a stud, so that when the signal arm
arrives at danger it displaces the stop, and allows the indicator, which is in or
near the signalman's hut, to show danger also, so that the signalman is
perfectly sure that his distance signal is at danger, as the indicator cannot
possibly move till after the signal is at danger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Nicholson Wornum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1866.
I, ALFRED NICHOLSON WORNUM, of Store Street, Bedford Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pianofortes. For these
purposes in the construction of upright pianofortes, and also when con-
structing horizontal pianofortes, wherein the action strikes the strings from
above, I cause the sound boards to be carried under and beyond the wrest
plank bridge which is supported upon standards passing through the sounding
board into the "braces," openings being made in the sounding board for the
standards sufficient for the same not to interfere with the vibrations of the
sounding board; or the wrest plank bridge may be fixed on a board above the
sounding board attached to the sides of the case. By these means I am.
enabled to obtain sound boards which will vibrate under such bridges, and
greatly improve the higher notes of the instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING FRAMES
Year: 1866

page_text: (This invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Demain Knapton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1866.
I, CHARLES DEMAIN KNAPTON, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Manufacturer's Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the application of a division which is placed
between every two ends or threads in a spinning frame for the purpose of
preventing the threads from running together and making double yarn.
The Drawing hereunto annexed shows a side view of the form of division
which I prefer to employ in carrying out my improvements. a is a stock
made of metal, wood, or other suitable material, which is firmly fixed to the
top board of the spinning frame by screws or otherwise; b, b, is the dividing
surface, by preference formed of elastic materials, such as bristles, india-rubber,
or other elastic or flexible set in the stock a, as shown.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING BELTS OR BANDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Lamb Hancock and
Charles Lamb Hancock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th February 1866.
We, FREDERICK LAMB HANCOCK and CHARLES LAMB HANCOCK, of Dudley,
in the County of Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING BELTS OR BANDS," to be as follows:-
Driving belts or bands have hitherto been made of leather, gutta percha,
or a combination of webbing and india-rubber. Belts or bands thus made,
besides being very costly soon wear out, do not work evenly, are liable to slip
or skid, and cannot be employed in hot chambers or in heated apartments.
Now by our Invention these defects are avoided.
Our Invention consists in manufacturing driving belts or bands of endless
strips or bands of steel, iron, brass, copper, or other metal, or metallic alloy
possessing sufficient strength and flexibility. We employ either a single strip
of metal or two or more strips, which partially or entirely overlap each other,
and are connected at intervals by rivets or otherwise. Sometimes we employ
in combination with the endless metal strips lengths or pieces of leather, gutta
percha, or other suitable material placed above or below, or at the sides of the
metal strips, or both above and below, or above, below, and at the sides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM DREDGERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Carnegie Kirk at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1866.
I, ALEXANDER CARNEGIE KIRK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM DREDGERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has principally for its object to render steam dredgers
capable of being more easily manoeuvred than hitherto; and it consists in
employing for that purpose centrifugal or other pumping apparatus to be
worked by the main or separate engines, and to cause the projection by
suitable passages or orifices at the stern of one or more streams of water.
When the dredger is formed with one or more wells for the endless chain or
chains of dredging buckets the inlet opening or openings for the access of
water to the pumping apparatus is or are situated at the after end of such
well or wells, but when the dredger has the buckets at the sides the inlet
opening is placed at the bow or forward part. As it is of great importance
to have the power of turning and generally manoeuvring such vessels
independently of the tug usually in attendance, deflectors or rudders are
attached to the stern orifices through which the water is projected, whilst to
permit of reversing the direction of propulsion either rotatory reversible pumps
are used, or reversing valves are fitted to the water passages communicating
with the pumping apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Malbec de Briges at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1866.
I, MALBEC DE BRIGES, residing at No. 5, Boulevard Hausman, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to produce directly by photography
grotesque portraits of persons and things. The process which has been
designed with this end consists in deforming the image of the person or of
the object by means of a mirror, either convex or concave, and photographing
the deformed image produced in the mirror; this deformation may be regu-
lated by the form given to the surface of the mirror. Silvered globes of
blown glass may be employed, or the mirrors may be curved in one direction
and straight in the other, and placed either horizontally or vertically and
convex or concave; or concave spherical mirrors or mirrors of other form may
be employed according as it is desired to widen, swell out, or shorten the
image or deform it in any other way. The photographic impression is
taken directly from the deforming mirror by the processes and with the
precautions generally used for reflected photographic images. If desired, parts
of pictures thus obtained may be combined with parts of other pictures
obtained in the ordinary manner, so as to limit the grotesque to the extent
desired. The pictures may be copied and enlarged by the ordinary processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1866. A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Dubreuil and
Camille Bernard, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declaro the nature of this Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," a communication to me from
abroad Jean Baptiste Dubreuil and Camille Bernard, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of centrifugal apparatus to be
applied to any prime mover whereby an increase of power is obtained in as
much as centrifugal force is utilised and combined with the power or force of
the prime mover with which such centrifugal apparatus is combined. In
carrying out this Invention two rotating shafts are employed both situate in
the same vertical plane, one of these shafts is rotated by the prime mover in
any well-known manner, whatever may be the nature of such prime mover.
This shaft is caused to impart a rotatory motion to one or more weighted bars
which revolve on axes situate in the circumference of a circle, the centre of
which coincides with the centre of rotation of the second shaft with which
such axes revolve are in connection. The second shaft is rotated by the

page_text: centrifugal force developed by the rotation on their axes of the weighted bars,
which should be of the same weight, and these bars should be free to rotate
whether the second shaft be revolving or not, so that the resistance can only
be overcome solely by the centrifugal force produced, and not by the primo
mover, the function of which is the simple rotation of the weighted bar or
bars, which movement as I before stated should always be capable of pro-
duction whether the second shaft is rotating or not.
According to one mode of practically carrying out this Invention, two
weighted bars are employed, each rotating upon a separate axis of its own
parallel to the second shaft, and connected therewith by crank arms of equal
length on opposite sides of such shaft; each bar may be slotted longitudinally,
and within each slot slides an antifriction roller carried by an arm attached
to the shaft of the prime mover; or in lieu of this arrangement a spur wheel
may be fitted to the prime mover shaft and caused to gear into corresponding
spur pinions keyed on to the axes of the weighted bars.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING, SMOOTHING, OR IRONING THE SURFACES OF FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Cobe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December 1866.
I, LOUIS COBE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING, SMOOTHING, OR IRONING THE SURFACES
OF FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus for pressing the seams, hems, or surfaces
of fabrics, being especially useful in making garments, and is to be used
instead of the ordinary iron or "goose" now employed.
The improvements consist in the use of two shafts mounted parallel to
each other in a suitable framing, on which shafts two or more discs having
their peripheries nearly in contact are secured, the surfaces of which peri-
pheries varying in form and width according to the description and position
of surface requiring pressing; for seams the surfaces would be nearer and for
flat surfaces wide, and for corners or angles concave and convex, fitting each
other. One of the shafts is mounted in adjustable bearings, so that it can be
raised or lowered by a treddle and the pressure on the fabric thereby adjusted,
and a fly wheel is provided to assist in turning the discs, which may either be
effected by hand or power. The discs may be heated by metallic heaters placed
and secured within a recess formed for the purpose on the side of the disc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES USED FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bullough and George
Openshaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st July 1866.
We, THOMAS BULLOUGH, Overlooker, and GEORGE OPENSHAW, Cutlooker,
both of Darcy Lever, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES USED
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Near the front end of the shuttle between the shuttle eye and the tip of
the peg we make or fix a tube with an opening or slit at the top of it the
whole of its length, so that when the cop is placed on the shuttle peg the end
of the yarn or thread can be passed through the tube by the said opening or
slit, and through the eye in the usual manner.
The object or purpose of this tube is that when the cop becomes loose on
the peg it will enter the tube and cause the yarn or thread to break and thus
prevent it running off and become entangled in the shed.
It will be easily perceived that this Invention will also save a waste of
material and the time of the weaver.
This tube can be put or fixed in old shuttles if desirable, but we prefer it
being made out of the solid wood or metal when the shuttle is made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK AND IN THE PERMANENT WAY APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Telford Macneill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th June
1866.
I, TELFORD MACNEILL, of 23, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY ROLLING
STOCK AND IN THE PERMANENT WAY APPLICABLE THERETO," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
railway rolling stock and in the permanent way applicable thereto, the object
being to enable carriages, waggons, and trucks to travel upon a mixed or
louble guage of rails, that is to say, upon a narrow or a wide guage as
required. Take, for example, a guage of four feet eight inches and a half,
and another of three feet six inches, then I propose to place four wheels on
each axle, two to suit the guage of three feet six inches, and two to suit the
wider guage, the latter being placed at each extremity of the axle and the
others between them. The inner or narrow guage wheels are of a sufficiently
less diameter than that of the outer or wide guage wheels as to permit of
the passage of the narrow guage wheels across points when the carriages are
running on the broad guage rails, the increased diameter of the outer wheels
will elevate the carriage and inner wheels, so as to cause them to run clear of

page_text: the points or crossings. The permanent way consists of a mixed or double
guage of rails, that is to say, four rails for each of the up and down lines,
but these four rails need not be laid down throughout the line, since a narrow
guage may be laid down for any distance required, and may then be discontinued,
and a wide guage substituted by continuing the narrow guage a suitable
distance between the wide guage and arranging the inclines and gradients
towards the extremities of the rails so that the outer wheels shall gradually
be brought to bear on the level of the wide guage rails thus lifting the narrow
guage wheels off their rails, so also with regard to the passage from the wide
to the narrow guage the same method is adopted. At junctions, sidings, or
points, the rails, switches, or stationary double-headed reversible crossings are
likewise formed with inclines and gradients to permit of the free passage of
the four wheels over or between the rails, and so as to enable the change of
guage to be adopted at junctions with the same facility as in the direct line of
route before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES FOR BOTTLES, EGGS, AND OTHER FRAGILE ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen William Silver and
Albert Hayward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th April 1866.
We, STEPHEN WILLIAM SILVER, of Bishopsgate Street Within, in the
City of London, Manufacturer, and ALBERT HAYWARD, of Limehouse, in the
County of Middlesex, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES FOR BOTTLES, EGGS, AND OTHER
FRAGILE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to arrange receptacles for bottles, eggs, and
other fragile articles in such manner as to provide for their safe transport or
removal from place to place. For this purpose we fit a box or case with a
number of rods or strips of cane disposed longitudinally across the box,-
extending from side to side thereof, and arranged parallel to and at any
desired interval from each other, and we dispose across or transversely to
these rods or strips of cane other similar rods or strips interweaving them with
the longitudinal strips or passing them under and over; by these means
a number of divisions are formed. We then at a desired distance above or
in front of these divisions form a second and similar set of divisions by
longitudinal and transverse rods or pieces of cane, leaving any desired distance
between the two sets of divisions, and so engaging the canes that the divisions
of each set may be each of the same sectional area of opening. The bottles
or other articles to be packed are placed in these divisions or openings either
vertically or horizontally, the sides of the division holding them at two parts

page_text: of the body of each bottle. The canes may preferably be fitted in place by
making small sockets in the sides and ends of the box iuto which the canes
are sprung. Instead of using canes, cords or other flexible or elastic substances
may be used in like manner.
For eggs the box may be fitted with trays, each tray having one set or
divisions formed as described, the end of each egg resting on the bottom of the
tray, in which recesses or shallow sockets may be formed to receive it. The
sides or ends of the box rise sufficiently to receive the lid, so that the latter
drops into these heads or raised parts and rests on side ledges flushe with the
top surfaces of the head, back, and front.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROTARY BRUSHES AND APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING, CURRYING, OR DRESSING THE SKIN OR HAIR OF ANIMALS OR HIDES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henton and Charles John
Henton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st March 1866.
We, SAMUEL HENTON and CHARLES JOHN HENTON, of 268, Westminster
Bridge Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Saddlers and Harness
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROTARY BRUSHES AND APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING, CURRYING, OR DRESSING
THE SKIN OR HAIR OF ANIMALS OR HIDES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in improved construction of the brush or curry
comb, or combination of the two, which may be used to brush, curry, or dress
the skins, hair, or hides of animals by rotary motion. For this purpose we
construct the cylinder or endless band of the brush with a series of hard or
soft bristles or hairs, and bars or combs of metal or hard substance combined
in alternate lines either parallel with or set at an angle to the axis of rotation
and arranged in proportions suitable to the nature of the skin, hair, or hide to
be operated upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND DISCHARGING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Hargrave at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1866.
I, JOSHUA HARGRAVE, Architect, of the City and County of Cork, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND DISCHARGING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in the means of rasing and
discharging water or other liquids from the holds of ships, also from docks,
and of performing similar operations, and it consists chiefly in the combination
of a siphon with an ordinary pump for the purposed above named. One leg
of the siphon is made to communicate with the shaft of the pump above the
level of the piston. The pump having raised the water or other liquid
sufficiently high to set the siphon in operation the discharge of the water or
other liquid is secured through the siphon without the labour at present
necessary to lift it to the level of the deck of the ship, or of the dock or other
place, it being only necessary to raise the water or other liquid by the pump
sufficiently high to overcome the friction of the water or other liquid in the
siphon, the siphon when once in operation maintaining the discharge. One
principal advantage of my Invention is its great saving of power, especially
in cases where manual labour is employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REFRIGERATORS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Alfred Pontifex at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1866.
I, EDMUND ALFRED PONTIFEX, of Shoe Lane, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REFRIGERATORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in refrigerators, and consists
in so arranging the pipes through which the water is made to flow that they
perform the office of channel boards, divisions, or partitions in directing tho
flow of the wort, at the same time being independent of any external caso by
which means when the pipes are lifted out of the cooler the latter is left entirely
free of all obstructions for cleaning, this may be effected either by a series of
straight pipes or by a volute or coil.
In the arrangement of straight pipes I effect this in the following manner:-
The pipes are flattened by preference, and their lower surfaces make a
sufficiently tight joint against the bottom of the cooler to prevent any
objectionable quantity of wort from passing underneath them. The ends of the
pipes terminate in bends or boxes that rise in the form of a bridge, allowing the
wort to pass underneath to the next channel; one end of the box or bend
(or as for descriptive purposes it may be called one pier of the bridge) fits

page_text: sufficiently close to the end of the cooler to prevent the wort passing round it
whilst the other end or pier is a short distance from the end of the cooler,
allowing a clear passage for the wort. If required a strip or frill of india-rubber
or other suitable substanco may be used to make a more perfect joint; against
the end of the cooler at the back of the boxes or bends are screw plugs
removable for the purpose of readily cleaning the interior of the pipes. On
the top of each pipe a frill or strip of copper or other metal may be fixed to
deepen the channels so as to keep the pipes entirely covered. In place of
the ordinary method of drawing off the wort I employ an adjustable funnel
enclosed in an exterior cylinder open at the bottom so as to draw off the wort
from the coolest part, the wort rising up the exterior cylinders and passing
over the lip of and down the enclosed funnel. In the arrangement of a
volute or coil of pipes I allow the wort to flow into the centre of the coil and
find its way out, the depth of wort over the pipes being maintained by an
adjustable sluice at the exit. The bottoms of the pipe forming the coil make
a sufficiently tight joint against the bottom of the cooler to prevent any
objectionable amount of leakage from one channel to another and such leakago
may if necessary be further reduced by causing the coil to rest on a mat of
canvas, india-rubber, or other yielding or elastic substance, the mat being easily
removable and washed..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS, VESSELS, AND BOATS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hamilton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1866.
I, JOHN HAMILTON, of Tiretigan, in the County of Argyle, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLING SHIPS, VESSELS, AND BOATS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to certain apparatus to be applied to ships, vessels,
and boats, and has a twofold object, that is to say-Firstly, it may be used
of itself as a propeller; and secondly, it may be employed as an auxiliary
propeller to the common paddle or screw used on board steam ships, or to
assist propulsion when this is effected by sails or otherwise, and in boats as au
auxiliary to the common oars.
In carrying this Invention into effect a bar of iron is fixed to the keel and
projecting straight from the bows, at the end of this bar a cross bar is fixed
carrying two flat plates or boards which are fitted with springs; advantage
is taken of the wave in the front of the "craft" to which the propeller is
attached, and as the propeller rising with the vessel out of the water is caught
by the wave, which by its travelling movement draws the "craft" on its
course. A similar propeller may also be applied to the stern in addition to
one at the bows; but in most cases, the propeller at the bow, if made
sufficiently large, will be found to possess the requisite propulsive effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cooper, Thomas Dutfield,
and Alexander Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th January 1866.
We, HENRY COOPER and THOMAS DUTFIELD, both of Victoria Park, in the
County of Middlesex, and ALEXANDER GIBSON, of the Borough of Southwark,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers to improvements in the backs of pianofortes whereby
a fuller and richer tune is obtained.
Hitherto the backs of pianofortes have been constructed of solid battens or
bracings of wood for the purpose of strengthening and supporting the instru-
ment. Next to the back comes the sound board.
Now our improvements consist in constructing the back or wood bracings
hollow, by which arrangement there is but little loss in strength, and coming
so near to the sound-board a much finer tone is effected. These hollow
battins or bracings may be constructed of thin pieces of wood secured together
so as to form a hollow tube, by means of glue or otherwise, by processes known
in the trade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1866.
I, JOHN CLARK, of Great Western Railway Works, Paddington, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention has for its object the applying of break blocks to the
wheels of railway rolling stock in such a manner that the friction on the face
of the block is the motive power for dragging the block home and completing
the result. To accomplish this I propose to suspend the blocks from radial
arnis or links from a fixed centre or fulcrum pin concentric or nearly so to the
respective wheels, the blocks on one side being used for the up and those on
the opposite side for the down journey.
A PICKLE PIERCER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hoffman and
George Rowe Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th August 1866.
JOHN WILLIAM HOFFMAN, Gentleman, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, and GEORGE ROWE WILSON, India-rubber Manufacturer, of the
same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
PICKLE PIERCER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus to facilitate the piercing of
vegetables for pickling, as walnuts or the like, and to prevent the fingers.
from being stained; it is constructed of a plate made of iron or other suitable
material, in the centre of which there is a block which can be raised or
lowered by means of a screw on the same plate; a little distance from the
block there are two uprights joined in the centre above the block by a small
tube; in this tube runs a piston or shaft, to which is attached a small plate
covered with points and a spring of india-rubber or other suitable material in
order to bring the piston back after it has been inserted into the vegetables.
Finally, there is an elastic glove or finger protector made either wholly or partly
of india-rubber.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF FASTENING BOILER TUBES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1866.-A communication from abroad by James Bowden,
Horace Theall, and William Henry Cobanks, all of New York City, in
the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF FASTENING BOILER
TUBES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the securing of boiler tubes to
their tube sheets, and the removal of the same therefrom. To this end two
split taper ferrules are employed for fixing the tubes in the tube sheet; one of
these taper ferrules slips on the tube to be fastened, and is provided with a
screw thread at its outer end and a nut, while the other fills up the space
between the edge of the hole in the tube sheet and the outer surface of the
first ferrule in such a manner that by tightening the nut after the tube and
the ferrules have been adjusted the inner ferrule is drawn up tight against
the tube and the outer ferrule against the edge of the hole, and the tube is
firmly secured in its place. By simply unscrewing the nut the tube can be
readily released and removed from the tube sheet without sustaining any
injury; the several joints are made tight by putty or packing.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE NUTS OF BOLTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Bodmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1866.
I, RUDOLPH BODMER, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF SECURING THE NUTS OF BOLTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention, which is especially intended to be applied to bolts used in
jointing rails by means of fish plates, consists in splitting longitudinally the
whole or a portion of the screwed part of the bolt, and after the same has been
put in its place, and the nut drawn up as tightly as may be considered desirable,
introducing and driving into the slit, either in the direction of the axis of the
bolt or transversely, a wedge representing a very slightly inclined plane, so as
in a trifling measure to expand the two halves or parts of the bolt projecting
beyond the nut, and thereby to prevent the nut from becoming loose through
the vibrations caused by the passing of trains over the rails, or from other
causes.
I
propose to employ bolts in which the nuts are secured as above described
in iron bridges, girders, and other structures subject to vibration.