An Improved Method of Manufacturing Plush Fabrics.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 7th June, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Manufacturing Plush Fabrics.
I, FELIX TONNAR, of Dülken, Rhenish Prussia, in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of plush fabrics.
Plush fabrics having a double pile of silk, furt, wool, linen, jute, or any other
textile material, could heretofore only be made on hand looms or on power looms
provided with means for automatically inserting the wires. As however the insertion
of the wires in power looms requires great care and therefore much time, and as,
moreover, the wires must be inserted alternately above and below, the said looms have
to be operated at a very slow speed so that the production is very small. Besides,
the fabrics more especially those of great breadth which are made with the aid of
such wires, cannot be made of any desired fineness and length of pile, since the
wire must possess a certain degree of rigidity and hence a certain length and
thickness, thus limiting the degree of fineness of the fabric.
According to the aforesaid invention two grounds are woven at the same time
similarly to double cloth and the wires are dispensed with, which enables the loom
to be operated at a higher speed than heretofore and any desired fineness of fabric
and length of pile to be obtained.
In the different modes of binding hereinafter described the pile is formed in a
similar manner to that of double velvet fabrics by alternately interweaving the warp
into the upper and into the lower grounds.
Now my improved method consists in passing the pile warp round a removable
pick before it crosses from the one ground to the other, which is not otherwise con-
nected with the grounds and is designed to be drawn out after the two fabrics have
been severed in order to draw the end portion of the cut pile warp which has been
passed round the same to the back of the fabric where it will then form a second
pile.
In the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1, 1, and 1 illustrate the simplest mode of binding for the said fabrics.
Figure 1 shows the fabric in a section taken in the direction of the warp, the
numbers 1, 2 and 3 denoting the consecutive order of the picks of weft. Three picks
are alternately inserted for the upper and for the lower ground. Of these picks 1, 24
and 5 are picks of ground, whilst 3 and 6 are removable picks whereby part of tho
pile warp is drawn to the back of the fabric. The last named picks do not bind into
the ground but float and are merely held by the pile which is to be subsequently
drawn out.
Figure 1 shows the fabric before the removable pick is drawn out and after the
two fabrics have been severed.
Figure 1 shows the finished fabric after the removable pick has been drawn out,
and
Figure 1 explains the treading.
If in this mode of binding the material used for the pile be very rough two
adjoining ends of the cut pile warp are liable to be drawn out together with the
removable pick. In order to obviate this inconvenience the mode of binding
illustrated in Figure 2 is used which differs from the mode illustrated in Figure 1
by an additional pick of weft being inserted between the two adjoining portions of
the threads which are to form the pile.
Figures 2, 2, and 2b illustrato the principal stages in the formation of this binding.
Four picks are alternately inserted in the upper fabric and in the lower the binding

page_text: of the warp and pile being altered accordingly. The treading of this method of
binding is explained by Figure 2°.
In case the material used for the pile be very smooth so that the entire pile is liable
to be drawn out with the removable pick, I preferably employ the mode of binding
illustrated in Figure 3, which is a modification of the mode previously described.
Figure 3 illustrates the binding of the pile and Figure 3 the binding of the warp.
Both warps are below the pick 1 and above the pick 2, thus causing these picks
and also the picks 5 and 6 to be laid one on the top of the other, so that the pile will
be more firmly held, as shown in Figure 3.
For weaving the above mentioned fabrics I employ preferably the double plush-
loom represented in the accompanying drawing. Figure 4 is a diagram of this loom
as used for the mode of binding illustrated is Figure 3 showing the arrangement of
the harness-frames and the position of the ground-warps and pile-warps. The
ground warps pass from the beam A over the roller S and thence through the
harness-frames 5, 4, 3, 2 to which motion is imparted by a suitable drum so as to
fulfil the conditions hereinbefore set forth. The frames 2 and 4 receives the warp
threads of the upper set and 3 and 5 those of the lower set, whilst 6 is the frame for
the upper list and 7 the one for the lower list, these two frames acting in combination
with the frames 2 and 3 to effect the binding of the list as shown in Figures 5
and 6.
The pile warp passes from the beam B between the two rollers C and D serving to
regulate its supply in accordance with the desired length of pile, thence over the
bar G which is suspended by means of springs, to the harness-frame 1 whereby the
required movement is imparted to the same. E and F are rollers having pins on
their outer periphery and serving to conduct the finished fabrics. I is the knife or
cutter for severing the two fabrics, and H is an adjustable device for regulating the
length of the pile. The harness frames are in the positions indicated in Figure +
when the first pick of the upper set is inserted in the mode of binding illustrated in
Figure 1º.
If in the said fabrics the removable pick is to be continuously drawn out, or if its
quality is to be different from that of the ground picks, the toom represented in the
accompanying drawing will have to be provided at both ends with a device for
exchanging the bobbins and for throwing the batten out of engagement. This device
can be greatly simplified in the case of the mode of binding illustrated in Figure 1.
In this instance the device for throwing the batten out of engagement can be
dispensed with, and the device for exchanging the bobbins may be one in which four
shuttle boxes are simultaneously raised and lowered at both ends. A device of this
kind, besides being of simpler construction, can be operated in a much simpler
manner.
Figure 5 is an enlarged view showing the position of the harness frames; the shed;
indicated is for the insertion of the pick 1 Figure 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The method of manufacturing plush fabrics having a double pile by simultaneously
weaving two grounds and binding the pile warp alternately into the upper and lower
of these grounds, use being made of removable picks which the said pile warp is
caused to pass around before crossing from one ground to the other, and which are
drawn out after the two grounds have been severed, thereby pulling the end portions
of the cut pile warp round them to the back of the fabric where they. will form a
second' pile, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 10th
L T
1 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.