CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WILLIAM TURNER, of the Parish of Saint Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, in the
County of Surrey, Paper Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-first day of March, in the first year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George William Turner, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said George William Turner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George William Turner, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said George William Turner,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George William Turner, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained by the following description thereof, (reference being

page_text: had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon,) that is to say :-
My Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Making Paper consist in
the construction and employment of a peculiar kind of sieve or strainer assigned
to arrest the knots, lumps, and other matters which may be in combination
with the fine fibres of the pulp in its passage to the mould or wire web on
which the paper is made. These improvements enable me to dispense with
the common vat and hog in which the pulp for making paper is mixed with
water and agitated immediately before it flows on to the wire gauze or endless
web of a paper-making machine constructed upon the principle of Fourdrineir's
Patent, or any other paper-making machine of like character, and which said
sieve or strainer may be also applied with great advantage to the common vat
used for hand-made papers. I usually construct these sieves of a circular
form, or any other shape suited to a revolving motion, by combining any
desirable number of concentric rings of metal smoothly formed with small
openings between them, that is, from about to roo part of an inch apart,
the sectional figure of which metallic rings I prefer to be that of a rebato
nearly resembling the letter, but inverted; this series of rings I attach to
radial arms mounted upon a central axle or spindle, as shewn in the
accompanying Drawings. Figure 1 is a representation of the skeleton wheel
or radial arms a, a, a, a, upon which the said concentric metallic rings are to
be mounted, the outer ring b, b, b, being cast with or firmly attached to the
arms in the first instance. Figure 2 is a plan view or representation of the
horizontal surface of the sieve, consisting of the concentric rings mounted upon
the radial arms, with the concentric apertures or spaces between them severally
shewn. Figure 3 is a section taken vertically through the sieve, exhibiting
the concentric rings, as seen edgeways, bearing upon the radial arms. I
usually attach the rings to the arms by small screws, but they may be fixed by
soldering, or in any other convenient way, and circumscribe the whole by a
hoop of thin metal c, c, c, which completes the sieve. Though I have stated
that I prefer to construct the sieves by a combination of rings formed in the
shape nearly resembling the letter L (inverted), yet I do not confine myself to
that particular construction, as I sometimes make a frame consisting of radial
arms with rings or hoops, either cast to the arms or affixed thereto concen-
trically at about a quarter of an inch apart, and by solder, or otherwise, attach
to the upper level surfaces of the said frame of hoops a circular plate of metal,
which I then place in a lathe, and, by a fine parting tool, cut through the
plate the apertures or narrow spaces intended to form the sieve. Under some
circumstances, in place of the thin metal plate or upper surface, I should

page_text: construct the face of the sieve of wire by placing several rings of wire close to
each other side by side, on a level or plane, which wires I should fasten together
either by solder or by cross wires, and at distancess of about half an inch apart.
I should leave the circular concentric spaces, as above described, for the
passage of the fine fibres of the pulp; or I perhaps may find it convenient to
construct the said sieves by affixing segment pieces to the frame or arms, as
shewn at Figure 6; or the purposo might be answered tolerably well by
attaching straight bars or wires in poligonal angles, as Figure 7, my object
being the construction of a sieve or sieves which shall be capable of revolving,
and that the interstices of the said sieves shall be long aperture corresponding,
or nearly so, with the rotary wave in which the pulp flows through and under
the sieve. I generally make the said sieves from about twenty-four to thirty
inches in diameter, and the upper surface of the rings forming the face of the
sieve about half an inch in breadth, the outer ring or hoop being about eight
inches deep. The mode by which I adapt these sieves to a paper-making
machine is shewn in the Drawings at Figure 4, which is a horizontal repre-
sentation of the apparatus, and Figure 5 is an elevation of the same, partly
shewn in section. d, d, d, is a trough or shoot that conducts the paper pulp
and water to the sieves e, e, e, e, of which I propose to employ two to one
machine; these sieves, each mounted upon a central spindle f,f, are suspended
in the box g, g, in horizontal positions, the face or upper surface of each sieve
being, when stationary, about half an inch above the top of the pulp and water
in the box g, which box I substitute in place of the ordinary vat. The upper
extremities of the spindles f, f, pass through the bosses of the beam h, h, and
are held up by nuts i, i, the beam being allowed to vibrate upon pivots at j,
bearing on the fixed frame k, k, and the spindles pass through guides 9, I, I, I,
for the purpose of keeping the sieves truly horizontal. On one of the spindles
1, a pulley or rigger l is fixed, over which a band or cord passes from any con-
venient moving power, for the purpose of giving rotary motion to the spindle f
and its sieve, and another pulley m, fixed on the same spindle, carries an
endless band n, to a similar pulley m on the spindle of the other sieve; hence,
when the pulley is driven, both the spindles and their sieves are made to
revolve. In order to facilitate the passage of the fine pulp and water, the sieves
receive an up and down motion through the agency of the vibrating beam h, the
end of which is connected to a rod o, o, the lower part of that rod being
attached to a revolving crank p. From hence it will be perceived that if a
rapid rotary motion be given to the shaft of the crank p, the beam h will be
made to vibrate, and consequently to raise and depress the sieves in the box g
with the same quick motion as that of the crank; the effect of this rapid
raising and depressing of the sieves will be that a partial vacuum will be pro-

page_text: duced beneath each sieve as it rises, which will cause the air above to assist in
carrying the fine fibres of the pulp through the interstices of the sieve, and
in the descent of the sieves the pressure of the liquid will force upwards any
lumps or other matters which might otherwise obstruct or clog up the inter-
stices of the sieves, and by the rotary motion of the sieves on their spindle, as
above described, the fine fibres of the pulp are kept in continual agitation; and
prevented from subsiding, which supersedes the necessity of the hog employed
in other paper-making machines; the coarse parts of the pulp, that is, the
lumps and knots, being thus prevented from passing, are retained in the sieves,
and may be removed from thence from time to time, as shall be found necessary,.
while the finer parts or fibres of the pulp having passed through the sieve into
the box below it, flows from thence over the lip r, on to the ordinary wire-
web of the machine in the usual way, and is then made into paper.
g
Lastly, I desire it to be observed that the Invention which I claim under-
my above-recited Patent is, the péculiar mode of constructing a sieve or sieves'
above described, to be employed for the purpose of clearing the pulp prepared
for making paper from its knots, lumps, and other matters that may be mixed
with the pulp, and which sieves I adapt to paper-making machines, giving.
them rotary as well as up and down motion, either by the mechanism shewn,
or by any other convenient means for effecting the same object, and which said
sieves are also applicable to, and may be adapted to, the ordinary vat for-
making paper by hand moulds.
In witness whereof, I, the said George William Turner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of September, in the year"
GEORGE WILLIAM TURNER. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of September,
in-the-second-year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth,.the
said George William Turner came before our said Lord the King in His
Chancery, and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and everything
therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-first day of September, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-one.