Improvements in the Construction of Certain Parts of Safety Bicycles and other Velocipedes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th May, 1891-Accepted, 4th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Certain Parts of Safety
Bicycles and other Velocipedes.
I CHARLES RILEY GARRARD of No 150 Montague Road Smethwick in the
County of Stafford Machinist do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
My invention has reference principally to the construction of the tubular driving
hubs of safety bicycles where great lightness is required and has for its object to
supersede the connecting of the parts together by the ordinary method of keying on
as hereinafter described. My said invention is also applicable to the construction
of solid driving hubs and to like parts of other velocipedes to which it is applicable
and where great torsional strain is applied in driving or stopping the velocipede.
In constructing a tubular driving hub for a safety bicycle according to my
invention I take a hollow or tubular axle or centre preferably of steel machined in
the usual way and I give by a cutting process a polygonal figure to the ends of the
said axle on which ends the hub flanges the driving chain wheel or driving chain or
band flange and ball bearing cups are fitted and I make the bores of the hub flanges
and the other parts enumerated of a corresponding polygonal figure so that the
said parts can be fitted by a sliding motion on the ends of the axle or centre. The
said parts are fixed in their places by soft soldering commonly called "tinning" or
"sweating" or by brazing; or by driving the parts on the ends of the axle or
centre. I prefer however to soft solder or sweat the parts together. I prefer to
give the ends of the hub axle or centre and the bores of the parts to be fitted
thereon, a decagonal figure but other polygonal figures having more than four sides
or planes may be employed.
The end of the steel crank or driving axle of the safety bicycle 1 also make of a
polygonal figure and the bore of the chain or band wheel is made of a corresponding
figure to fit thereon the parts being connected together in either of the ways herein-
before described.
I also apply the method described to the securing of the pinions of the balance
gear of tricycles.
I also construct tricycle crank axles or centres in the manner and for the purpose
hereinbefore described and such other parts of velocipedes to which the method of
construction is applicable.
Dated the 22nd day of September 1890.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Certain Parts of Safety
Bicycles and other Velocipedes.
I CHARLES RILEY GARRARD of No. 150 Montague Road, Smethwick, in the
County of Stafford Machinist do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference principally to the construction of the tubular driving
hubs of safety bicycles where great lightness is required and has for its object to
supersede the connecting of the parts together by the ordinary method of keying on
TD 031

page_text: as hereinafter described. My said invention is also applicable to the construction
of solid driving hubs and to like parts of other velocipedes to which it is applicable
and where great torsional strain is applied in driving or stopping the velocipede.
In constructing a tubular driving hub for a safety bicycle according to my
invention I take a hollow or tubular axle or centre preferably of steel machined in
the usual way and I give by a cutting process a polygonal figure to the ends of the
said axle on which ends the hub flanges, the driving chain wheel or driving chain or
band flange and ball bearing cups are fitted and I make the bores of the hub flanges
and the other parts enumerated of a corresponding polygonal figure so that the said
parts can be fitted by a sliding motion on the ends of the axle or centre. The said
parts are fixed in their places by soft soldering commonly called "tinning" or
"Sweating;
or by brazing; or by driving the parts on the ends of the axle or
centre; I prefer however to soft solder or sweat the parts together.
"
The end of the steel crank or driving axle of the safety bicycle I also make of a
polygonal figure and the bore of the chain or band wheel is made of a corresponding
figure to fit thereon, the parts being connected together in either of the ways
hereinbefore described.
I also apply the method described to the securing of the pinions of the balance
gear of tricycles.
I also construct tricycle crank axles or centres in the manner and for the purpose
hereinbefore described and such other parts of velocipedes to which the method of
construction is applicable.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents in elevation the hollow or
tubular driving hub of a safety bicycle, the hub flanges, driving chain wheel and
ball bearing cups being connected to it according to my invention; and Figure 2
represents the hub axle or centre and its parts detached.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in both figures.
a is the hub axle or centre; b b are the hub flanges; c d the combined driving
chain wheel and ball bearing cup at one end of the hub axle and e is the ball
bearing cup at the other end of the hub axle.
I connect the said hub flanges b, and the other parts shown, to the hub axle in
the following manner. I make the ends a², a³ of the hub axle a of a decagonal
figure (or other polygonal figure) as best seen in Figure 2 and I make the bores b², 62
of the hub flanges, of a corresponding polygonal figure as represented, so that
they can be fitted by a sliding motion on the said ends a², a³ of the hub axle. The
bore of the combined driving chain wheel and ball bearing cup c, d as well as the
bore e² of the ball bearing cup at the other end of the hub axle, are made
internally of the same figure as the bores of the hub flanges and are fitted in the
same manner upon the polygonally shaped ends a². as of the hub axle. The
parts b, b, c, d, e are fixed in their places upon the ends a², a³ of the hub axle by a
soft soldering process commonly called "tinning" or "sweating; or by brazing or
by driving them upon the ends of the axle.
"
The polygonally shaped ends a³, a³ of the hub axle may be cut or fashioned in a
lathe, planing machine or a specially constructed cutting machine and the internally
polygonally shaped bores of the parts may be made by cutting or drifting in the
ordinary way of cutting or drifting similar articles.
Although I prefer to give the ends of the hub axle or centre and the bores of
the parts to be fitted thereon, a decagonal figure as represented in the drawing yet I
do not limit myself to that figure as other polygonal figures may be employed
having more than four sides or planes or flats, or the modified figure hereinafter
described.
Instead of making the ends of the hub axle and the bores of the parts to be
fitted thereon of a polygonal figure made up of a series of flat planes the said flat
planes may be replaced by curves so as to give to the ends of the hub axle and the
bores of the parts to be fitted thereon a corrugated or undulating figure; that is, a
figure consisting of a series of parallel corrugations, flutes or grooves as represented
in the hub axle shown in elevation in Figure 3, where the corrugated, fluted or

page_text: grooved ends are marked a', a₁; the bores of the parts to be fitted on the said
ends a', at having internally a corresponding figure.
I produce the series of flutes or corrugations by milling, planing or turning. I
prefer the latter process for economically producing the corrugated fluted or grooved
surfaces on the ends of the hub axle, or internally in the bores of the flanges or
other parts to be fixed to the hub axle. When I use a lathe or a specially
constructed turning machine for fluting or corrugating the ends of the hub axle and
bores of the hub flanges and other parts I prefer to cause the cutting tool to copy
a "former" having the desired profile by pressing a "dummy" or pattern against
the said "former" and in order to produce the corrugated or fluted figure represented
in Figure 3 the dummy and tool are made to advance and recede ten times while
the article under operation rotates once in the lathe or machine. I do not however
limit myself to any particular way of producing the externally corrugated or fluted
ends of the axle or the internally corrugated bores of the parts to be fitted on the
ends of the axle.
The methods described and represented of connecting the parts to hub axles may
also be applied to the connecting of the parts fitted on solid hub axles and also to
the connecting of band or chain wheels or flanges on crank or driving axles of safety
bicycles and tricycles; also to the securing of the balance gear of tricycles on their
axles and to such other parts of volocipedes as the methods described and represented
are applicable.
By securing the hub flanges and other parts to their axles according to my
invention the parts so secured are particularly fitted to resist the torsional strain
which is applied to them in the use of the velocipede and the defects which attend
the ordinary method of keying on of the said parts are remedied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim
as my invention of "Improvements in the construction of certain parts of safety
bicycles and other velocipedes
"
-
Connecting the hub flanges, the driving chain wheel, or the driving chain or
band flanges, and the ball bearing cups to the hub axles or centres and connecting
the driving chain wheels and other analogous parts to the crank or driving axles
and other like axles of velocipedes by the method or methods hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawing; that is to say, making the end or
ends of the hub axle or centre or other axle of the velocipede of a polygonal figure
(preferably that of a decagon) or of a corrugated or fluted figure and making the
bores of the hub flanges and other parts to be fixed on the axles of a corresponding
figure internally so that the said parts can by a sliding motion be fitted on the axle
and secured thereon in the manner and for the purpose described and illustrated.
Dated the 12th day of May 1891.
CHARLES RILEY GARRARD.