matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fielding Fletcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1865.
I, FIELDING FLETCHER, of 15, Fordrough Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Plumbers' Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:--
I provide a pan or bason and a syphon or trap made of any suitable size and
form, and made either of earthenware, china, iron, or other suitable material.
The basin is fixed in or on the syphon by any of the means in common use.
At the bottom or outlet of the basin is formed a rim or projection of about
four inches in diameter and one inch in length, which projection or riu may
be made round the outlet of the basin in a vertical direction, or the bottom of
the basin may be stopped up and the outlet may be made on one side and so
that the inner surface of the outlet is level or uniform with the inner surface
of the bottom of the basin so that no obstruction is offered to the escape of
the contents of the pan when it is emptied. On this rim or projection, which
I prefer to put on the side of the pan, I fix a flexible tube of suitable diameter
and length, one end of the tube being bound firmly to the rim on the basin so
as to keep it water-tight; the other end of the tube is attached to a loose
metal ring to keep it from collapsing. This tube may be made of india-rubber
or any water-tight flexible material. This flexible tube is so arranged that
one end can be raised or lowered at pleasure by suitable apparatus. When
the tube is raised to the required height the water is retained in the bottom of

page_text: the basin until it has attained the same elevation as the raised end of the
tube, and any surplus supply of water will pass over into the syphon below.
The end of the tube being lowered a little below the level of the bottom of
the basin the contents of the basin will pass freely into the syphon below.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATER GUAGES AND COCks
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Weir at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1865.
I, ALEXANDER WEIR, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER GUAGES AND COCks," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a certain new method of arranging the
plugs of water guages and cocks, and secondly, to an improved method of
fixing the glass tubes employed in water guages for the purpose of indicating
the water level.
According to the first part of this Invention the plug is inserted from the
front end of the guage or cock in contradistinction to being inserted at the
side, as is ordinarily the case, and the handle is formed so as to protrude in
front of the guage, the plug being maintained in its place by a packing nut
pressing on it. A brass washer is also formed for the purpose of preventing
the packing nut from turning while the plug is turned for the purpose of
opening or shutting the cock. The inner end of the plug is made hollow,
and a hole is formed in its side which communicates to the opening through
which the fluid or liquid has to pass. The chief advantages resulting from
this arrangement are that by the position of the plug it is capable of
being made much larger than formerly, thus giving a larger wearing surface
and room for larger water passages.
The improvement comprised under the second part of this Invention con-

page_text: sists in fixing the glass tube by a simple hollow nut, inside of which packing is
placed, by the pressure of the nut upon which the tube is made tight, thus
producing a simpler method of fixing and the use of a much less quantity of
metal.
IMPROVED MEANS OF ASSISTING THE TEACHING AND STUDY OF MUSICAL NOTATION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Victor Martinus Marie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th December 1865.
I, ALEXANDER VICTOR MARTINUS MARIE, of No. 42, Duke Street,
Saint James's, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF ASSISTING THE TEACHING AND
STUDY OF MUSICAL NOTATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in the use of small tablets (in the
form of dominoes,) upon one side or both sides of each of which there is
written, printed, or otherwise marked a bar of music or any musical note
or combination of notes, some of the said tablets being marked with the
various cleffs, sharps, flats, and other musical signs to be learnt. The
tablets may be made of wood, bone, ivory, or other suitable material, and
the musical notes and signs may be either written, printed, engraved, or
otherwise marked thereon, or written or printed upon paper and pasted or
cemented thereon. These tablets being shown to the pupil either singly
or in combination will be found greatly to facilitate the teaching of the
names and value or signification of the various musical notes and signs,
and thus afford amusement and instruction at the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dundas Simpson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1865.
I, DUNDAS SIMPSON, of Monkland Cottage, Airdrie, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to improvements in furnaces used for puddling and
boiling iron, and consists in placing a second chamber beyond the ordinary
puddling chamber, thus producing a furnace having two puddling or boiling
chambers instead of one as heretofore.
The object of this Invention is to utilize that portion of the heating products
of combustion which under ordinary practice pass into the chimney and are
wasted, thus effecting an economy in the consumption of the coal. The
second chamber above referred to is placed beyond the ordinary puddling
chamber, the two chambers being connected together by a flue so that the
heat which is not utilized in the first chamber may pass into the second, and
therein act upon a charge to be puddled or boiled as in the first or ordinary
chamber. After the heat arising from the combustion of the fuel has acted
upon the charge in both chambers the residual products pass off into the
chimney as usual.
The great advantage resulting from this arrangement of furnace is
that for the same or nearly the same amount of fuel as ordinarily used

page_text: two charges of metal are simultaneously treated, and in about the same length
of time as heretofore used for treating but one charge. It is obvious that the
same principle of effecting economy in combustion may be rendered useful in
any description of furnace from which a large portion of the heat passes away
unconsumed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING VIOLET COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Smith and Christian Sieberg
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
20th April 1865.
We, ERNEST SMITII and CHRISTIAN SIEBERG, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING VIOLET COLORING MATTERS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in obtaining coloring matters which yield various
sbades of violet, by dissolving one part by weight of rosaniline, or of a salt of
rosaniline, in a mixture of about two parts by weight of alcohol or methylated
spirit, and about two parts by weight of iodide of the radicle of acetone, and
heating the whole in a closed vessel to from 212 to 250 degrees Fahrenheit
for four or five hours. The color is of a bluer shade the longer the heating is
continued. The iodide of the radicle of common acetone, such as is obtained
from acetate of lime, is preferred, but iodides of other radicles of the acetone
series will also answer. Bromides of the same radicles may also be used
instead of iodides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REBURNING OR REVIVIFICATION OF ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ogston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1865.
I, GEORGE HENRY OGSTON, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London,
Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REBURNING OR REVIVIFICATION OF
ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture and
reburning or revivication of animal charcoal. Animal charcoal is at the
present time manufactured and revivified in retorts, and it is discharged from
these into coolers or vessels which are covered or closed to exclude the
atmosphere; and according to this Invention steam is introduced into the
coolers and into the passages leading thereto from the retorts, so that
the heated animal charcoal, after leaving the retorts, is caused to pass into
and through an atmosphere of steam by which the animal charcoal is
improved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick O'Hagan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1865.
I, PATRICK O'HAGAN, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gun Barrel Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after explained, in
opening and closing the breech ends of such breech-loading fire-arms as open and
close by the turning aside of the barrels upon a joint so as to bring their open
breech ends against or remove them from the face of the break-off. A part
of the said improvements may also be applied to breech-loading guns of the
kind called drop-down guns. On the under side of the barrels, and at a dis-
tance from their breech ends nearly equal to the length of the body of the gun,
is an axis perpendicular to the plane in which the axes of the barrels are
situated; the said axis works in a cylindrical hole or bearing in the body of
the gun. The said hole is situated in the centre line of the gun, that is,
midway between the two barrels; the open breech ends of the barrels are
convex, the curve of the said convex ends being struck from the centre on
which the barrels turn; the face of the break-off is concave and of the same
curvature as the ends of the barrels. The barrels are by this arrangement
made capable of turning aside in either direction so as to expose the open
breech ends for the introduction of the charge; after the introduction of the

page_text: charge the barrels are restored to their normal position, and fixed by a spring
catch or other fastening. Where the gun is required to turn aside for
charging in one direction only, I prefer to make the curvature of the ends of
the barrels and the face of the break off slightly excentric to the centre on
which the barrels turn; in this case the curved breech ends of the barrels fit
against the curved face of the break-off with a slight wedging action. In all
cases I place the axis on which the barrels turn in the centre line between
the two barrels, and make it work in a cylindrical hole or bearing. The
curvature of the break-off and ends of the barrels I also apply to drop-
down guns, that is, to guns in which the barrels turn in a vertical plane; the
curvature in this case gives great strength to the body of the gun.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES PROPELLED BY MANUAL POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Du Boulay, of Sandgate, in the County
of Kent, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
PROPELLED BY MANUAL POWER."
Sealed the 27th March 1866, and dated the 11th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Du Boulay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1865.
I, THOMAS DU BOULAY, of Sandgate, in the County of Kent, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGES PROPELLED BY MANUAL POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in carriages propelled by
manual power. For these purposes a fore and hind axle are used, connected
by a framing. The fore axle has a locking motion in order to guide the
carriage when in motion, and the motion to the fore axle is governed by
the feet of the person using and propelling the carriage. On each axle
there are two wheels, the hinder axle is formed with a crank. The seat is
on springs similar to what have before been used for like carriages. The
carriage is propelled by means of a lever and connecting rod acting on the.
cranked axle. The lever has its fulcrum at its lower end, such fulcrum

page_text: is supported by a framing below that which connects the fore and hind
axles, and the fulcrum is arranged to be moved to or from the seat to
adjust its position for different persons. The connecting rod is formed
with several holes at its end in order to admit of its being adjusted in
attaching it to the lever. The lever is slotted for some length where it
receives the end of the connecting rod, and the end of the connecting rod
is pin-jointed to the lever by passing a pin through the lever and through
a hole in the end of the connecting rod, and there are several holes in the
lever in order to admit of adjusting the connecting rod nearer to or further
from its fulcrum. At the upper end of the lever is a cross head or bar,
having handles formed at its ends, and this cross head or bar is arranged
to slide up and down on the upper end of the lever, so that it may thus be
adjusted and retained at any desired height on the lever. To each of the
hinder wheels there is a spring break, which has a tendency to remain at
a distance from the wheels till they are acted on, so as to press them
against the peripheries of their respective wheels, and this is accomplished
by cords, one end of each of which is fixed to the frame of the carriage,
and the other end, after having passed partly round a pulley on each of the
springs, is attached in a convenient position for the person using the carriage
to draw up the cords and so put on the breaks. In some cases I arrange the
lever to be acted on by the feet in place of by the hands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF FIXING OR ATTACHING THE BOBBINS OF WINDING AND OTHER MACHINES ON TO THEIR SPINDLES, WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR OR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES, AND TO THE DETACHING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES FROM TRAINS WHILST IN MOTION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August 1865.
I, JOHN WARD, of No. 10, Regent Street, London Road, Leicester, in
the County of Leicester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF FIXING OR ATTACHING THE
BOBBINS OF WINDING AND OTHER MACHINES ON TO THEIR SPINDLES, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR OR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES, AND TO THE
DETACHING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES FROM TRAINS WHILST IN MOTION," to be as
follows:
This Invention is designed principally for the purpose of fixing or attaching
the bobbins on to the spindles of winding and other similar machines, but it
is also equally applicable to the fixing of beams or rollers on to their shafts or
spindles in warp and other similar machines. The spindle of a winding machine
is usually made with a screw thread at one end, and when the bobbin is placed.
on the spindle, a nut is passed on to this screw and screwed up to the head
of the bobbin, so as to hold it firmly on the spindle. My Invention is designed
to dispense with this screw and nut for such and similar purposes. In carrying
out my Invention I leave the spindle smooth and of the same diameter
throughout its length, and I fit thereon a loose socket having a flange at one
end. This socket is provided with a pin. attached to a spring lever (some-

page_text: what like a flute key), so arranged that the pin projects inside the socket
except when withdrawn by pressure on the lever. A hole is drilled into the
side of the spindle in such a position that upon placing the socket on the
latter and pushing it up to the bobbin, as soon as the flange of the socket
comes against the head of the bobbin the pin drops into the hole in the
spindle, and thus locks the socket thereon. In order to allow of any slight
variation in the length of the bobbins I provide the face of the flange with a
friction spring, which bears against the head of the bobbin, or with a spring
driving pin which projects into a corresponding hole in the head of the bobbin.
It will be evident that by a very slight modification this arrangement of a
spindle or bolt (with a hole in the side) fitting into a socket with a pin and
spring lever as above described, would be equally applicable to other analogous
purposes where a bobbin, beam, or roller is required to be fixed on a spindle
or shaft, and also to the slipping or detaching of a carriage or carriages from
a railway train whilst in motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' PARRELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Manifold at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1865.
I, JOHN MANIFOLD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Mast and
Block Maker, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' PARRELS," to be as follows:-
The inner part of a ship's parrel, constructed according to my Invention, is
provided with a number of rollers or pullies to act as the bearing surface or
surfaces, by their the said rollers' or pullies' use. When properly disposed the
parrel and the parts thereto connected can be moved by the application of a
minimum power at an uniform speed.
In practice the parrel for, say, a topsail yard, consists of a band of the
ordinary form, with vertical pieces secured thereto at suitable distances apart
on its inner surface. These vertical pieces carry or support horizontal shafts
or pins on or with which the rollers or pullies are free to rotate. With two
rings, as it were, of these rollers or pullies, the one above and of the same
diameter as the other, only the said rollers or pullies come into contact with
the mast; this allows the desired movements to be made steadily and with
celerity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF AXLE-BOXES AND BEARINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1865.-A communication from Edouard Chollet, residing
at Bois de Colombes, in the Empire of France.
I, LENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paus, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Teriace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF AXLE-BOXES AND BEARINGS," communicated to me by Edouard
Chollet, a person residing at Bois de Colombes, in the Empire of France,
aforesaid, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the transformation of the sliding friction into
a rolling friction in axle-boxes and bearings of railway and other carriages,
and of the shafts of screws and machinery in general.
The Figures of the accompanying Drawing represent an application of the
Invention to a railway carriage axle-box. Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the
same, and Fig. 2 a vertical section by the line A, B, of Fig. 1.
a is a wrought-iron or steel collar which replaces the ordinary bearing; this
collar is provided at its inner circumference with a coating of bronze b, on
which the journal C of the axle rolls; C'³ is a roller suspended in the collar a,
and through which passes a fixed axle d, at the end of which is a cup
receiving the oil necessary for feeding by the conduit 9,9, a cotton wick f,f,
placed in a groove formed along and at the upper part of the axle d; the

page_text: whole is adjusted in a cast-iron box II, carrying the slides I, I, of the guard
plates, K is the point to which the suspension springs of the carriages are
attached, and is the collar of the break bar.
When the carriage is in movement the journal c communicates its move-
ment to the roller a, and the latter transmits it to the roller C', which turns
on the axle d.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KEYS FOR PIANOFORTES AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS REQUIRING SUCH KEYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel George Staight and
Stephen Straight at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd August 1865.
We, DANIEL GEORGE STAIGHT and STEPHEN STAIGHT, both of 35,
Charles Street, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Merchants
and Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KEYS FOR PIANOFORTES AND OTHER
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS REQUIRING SUCH KEYS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, firstly, to those keys termed "sharps," which at
their front ends are usually made of ebony or other dark wood, and which are
sometimes blackened before being polished. The appearance of these keys
is liable to be affected by the polish and stain employed coming off with_con-
tinued use, as well also by the cracking of the wood of which they are made,
and the weight of such "sharps" requires a proportionate counterbalance to
their opposite ends.
The object of our improvements is to remedy these evils, and at the same
time to obtain lightness to such keys by making them or a portion of them of
india-rubber or a compound thereof prepared to obtain the hardness and
color or appearance desired, as is well understood, and which is commonly called
ebonite or vulcanite. This material we mould or stamp to the shape required,
and by preference, for the sake of lightness and economy, hollow, or with
chambers on their under sides. "Sharps" so formed not only possess greater
strength and durability of colour than those of the ordinary construction, but
present a much superior appearance.

page_text: And, secondly, the improvements consist in forming the fronts of the keys,
commonly called "front slips," of like material (india-rubber or compound
thereof) which may be readily moulded or formed into any desired ornamental
or other figure for such parts, by which economy with increased ornamental
effect may be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, AND GUARD, AND DRIVER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fiederick Charles Dear at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
August 1865.
I, FREDERICK CHARLES DEAR, of the Town and County of Hertford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, AND GUARD, AND DRIVER OF A
RAILWAY TRAIN," to be as follows, that is to say -
This Invention consists of an improved system of inter-communication
signals whereby passengers in a railway train can signal both diver and guard,
and is also available for constant signalling between dive and guard ot
An iron bai about 2 inches square is fixed by means of suspend-
ing brackets in the direction of the length of each carnage, the junction of the
bars being effected by means of sockets which can be retained in position by
means of a screw at the end of one bar, leaving the opposite bar fice, thus the
contraction of the buffers when the train is stopping would be provided for.
These sockets may be about 3 feet in length and the junction would be effected
at the same time as the coupling of the carriages; under the partition of each
compartment of the carnages I place a lever which at desire of any passenger
can be raised giving the bar half a turn, this said bar being in communication
with a lever signal both on the engine and guard's van would elevate the
signal at both ends the passenger's lever which is raised by means of a chain

page_text: or other wise with wheel and handle, would at the same time use a signal on
the outside of the carriage, thus indicating the compartment whence the signal
Issues and which cannot be replaced except by the guard or other official.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL 'SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wilde at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1865.
Zilza
I, HENRY WILDE, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND
APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of an improvement in the electro-magnetic
induction machine described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
me on the First day of December One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
three, Number 3006. In this improvement a short circuit is made between
the coils of the small magneto-electric machine and the coils of the electro-
magnet of the electro-magnetic machine whenever the commutator on the
axis of the armature of the small magneto-electric machine is at the dead
point, and the large armature of the electro-magnetic machine is enveloped
with coils made of sheet copper the whole width of the armature, instead of
being wound with wire, as shown in the Drawing of the before-mentioned
Specification, and the coils are insulated from one another by means of a
sheet of cardboard or other insulating substance of the same length and width
as the sheet of copper, and it is coiled on the armature at the same time as
the copper.
My Invention consists, secondly, in the application ofthe electro-magnetic
machine described in the before-mentioned Specification to the heating
rolling, coiling, and welding of metals. In this improvement the metal to be
[Price 8d.]

page_text: heated, rolled, coiled, and welded is first made to pass in succession through
two sets of rollers, one set of which is connected with one polar terminal of
the machine, and the other set is connected with the other polar terminal of
the machine, so that when a current of electricity is passed through the metal
extended between the rollers it becomes heated to a red or a welding heat,
and after passing through the second set of rollers it is rolled, welded, or
coiled into any form required.
t
10
My Invention consists, thirdly, in the application of the magneto-electric
machine described in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted to me
on the Twenty-fifth day of February One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
three, Number 516, or the electro-magnetic machine described in the Speci-
fication of the Letters Patent granted to me on the First day of December
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, Number 3006, to the prevention
of the fouling of ships' bottoms, whether of iron, or covered with copper, or
its alloys. In this improvement one polar terminal of the magneto-electric,
or electro-magnetic machine is connected with the metal bottom of the ship,
and the other polar terminal is connected with one or more plates of metal
surrounding the ship, but insulated from it by wood or other suitable material.
Dished fam Hin Mainatule Stationery Office by Love & Malcomson. Ltd..
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SPIRIT METER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fulleck Hearsey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1865. A communication from abroad by Edward Payne, of
Montreal, Canada.
I, JOHN FULLECK HEARSEY, of Park Place, Church Street, Brompton, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SPIRIT METER," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to measure and sample in a simple and
efficient manner spirit as it runs from the still. The meter consists of a
closed box or case fitted with a central partition which divides it into two
equal compartments. Across this partition a balance beam is mounted and
pendent from the extremities of the beam are cylinders of corresponding size
and weight, one in each division of the meter, and for convenience they may
be enclosed by porous or pierced cylinders fixed to the bottom of the meter
case. Pendent also from the beam at equal distances from the fulcrum are
two cylindrical rods, which carry at their lower ends valves, which have their
seats in the bottom of the meter. The beam immediately above its fulcrum
is fitted with a knife or wedge-shaped weight, one of the inclined faces of
which will assume a vertical position over the axis of the beam before every

page_text: turn of the beam, and will then be parallel with the axis of the raised cylinder.
The spirit flows alternately into the two divisions of the meter, and when it
rises to a certain height it will so far overcome the specific gravity of the
cylinder pendent from the beam as to lift it and cause the beam to rock,
whereby the valve carried by the rod attached to the ascending limb of the
beam will be lifted, and the spirit contained in the meter will be discharged
therefrom into any suitable receptacle. The corresponding valve on the other
side of the partition will at the same time be closed, and the spirit to be
measured will flow into the second division of the meter.
The rocking
motion of the beam will be assisted by the wedge-shaped weight, which, falling
over with the beam will quicken the depression of the elevated cylinder. At
every turn of the beam a counting apparatus will be set in motion, as in
ordinary meters, and the amount of spirit run through the meter will thus be
registered. In order to sample as well as measure the spirit both divisions
of the meter are supplied with small stand pipes open at the top and fitted with
valve seats, which are closed by supply and discharge valves pendent from
rods which are operated by the balance beam. These stand pipes continually
receive samples of the measured spirit and discharge it into an adjacent
receptacle ready for subsequent testing.
The apparatus above described is designed to be attached to the still, and
acting as it does on the principle of displacement it will measure the spirit by
weight, which may readily be reduced to gallons by applying a table of factors
computed for the purpose,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION, OF LOCO- MOTIVE ENGINES AND RAILWAY CARRIAGES FOR FACILITATING THEIR PASSAGE ROUND CURVES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Robert Stephenson and
George Henry Phipps at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st March 1865.-A communication from
abroad by George John Horner, late of Bahia, Engineer.
We, GEORGE ROBERT STEPHENSON and GEORGE HENRY PHIPPS, both of 24,
Great George Street, Westminster, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION, OF LOCO-
MOTIVE ENGINES AND RAILWAY CARRIAGES FOR FACILITATING THEIR PASSAGE ROUND
CURVES," a communication to us from abroad by George John Horner, late of
Bahia, Engineer, deceased, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of such a combination of the axles, axle boxes, and
framing of locomotive engines and railway carriages generally, whereby any of
the axles of such engines or carriages to which the Invention may be applied
take up a position pointing radially towards or near to the centre of any
curved portion of railway on which the said engines or carriages may be
working, and thus facilitating the passing round such curve. This object may
be accomplished by connecting the axle boxes to the side framing of any
engine or carriage by means of radial links, so placed that whenever through
the action of the curve the axle and with it the axle boxes undergo any
end-on motion with respect to the frame the axle is also forced by the action of
the radial links to undergo the requisite amount of angular motion to plant it
at or near to a direction radial to the curve of the railway.
When this Invention is used the horn plates now generally in use for
guiding the axle boxes may either be entirely dispensed with or retained as a

page_text: safeguard in the event of the breakage of the radial links; but if so retained,
sufficient clearance must be allowed between the jaws of the horn plates and
the axle box to allow the greatest amount of angular motion of the axle
to which the sharpest curve can give rise; and the axle boxes must also have
sufficient clearance in a direction at right angles to the frame to admit
of the greatest amount of end-on motion to which the axle can be subject.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND FINISHING BODIES OF A SPHERICAL FORM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bourne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1865. A communication from abroad by Robert Carsley, residing at
New Bedford, Massachusets, in the United States of America.
I, THOMAS BOURNE, of 29, Brixton Place, Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND FINISHING BODIES OF A SPHERICAL FORM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for turning
and finishing bodies of a spherical form." For this purpose two discs are
employed which are capable of rotating in opposite directions about the same
axis, one disc is also capable of being moved endwise along the axis by a
lever or otherwise. Between the discs is placed a circular or annular cutter,
the inner edge of which is the cutting edge; this edge is turned to a true
circle, and the cutter is held so that this edge shall be parallel with the discs.
The cutter is made with a straight shank to enable it to be conveniently
secured to the machine, and this shank is clamped to a slide capable of moving
parallel with the axis of the discs; this slide is arranged to be moved by a screw,
so that the cutter may be brought nearer to or further from the disc that is fast
on the shaft.
Before introducing the article to be turned to a sphere into the machine
the article is first turned in a lathe, or otherwise formed approximately to the

page_text: size required, and is then placed between the ring cutter and the fixed
disc, the cutter and loose disc being moved away from the fixed disc to allow
of this. The opposite faces of the discs may be flat or have concentric grooves
formed in them to receive the body to be turned. The body to be turned
having been placed between the ring cutter and fixed disc as above mentioned,
the loose disc is pressed towards the fixed disc, and the two discs caused to
revolve rapidly in opposite directions; this imparts a compound rotary motion
to the article to be turned, viz., a rapid rotary motion in planes parallel with
the axes of the disc, and the slow rotary motion in planes parallel with the
planes of rotation of the dises; the latter motion being produced by the
difference of velocity of the portions of the discs with which the article or
body is in contact, which results from the difference in the distance of said
portions from the axes of the discs. Whilst the discs are thus revolved the
cutter is fed slowly towards the disc that is fast on the shaft, and the whole
surface of the article to be turned is thus subjected to the action of the
cutter, so that it cannot fail to be reduced to a true sphere.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VENETIAN BLINDS FOR CARRIAGES, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN BLINDS OR SCREENS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Startin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1865.
I, THOMAS STARTIN, of Benacre Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Coach Builder, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VENETIAN BLINDS FOR CARRIAGES, AND WHICH
SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN BLINDS OR SCREENS FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
I will describe my improvements as in connection with a venetian blind
suitable for a carriage window, in which case the strips or laths forming the
screen or blind are fitted between the sides of a thin frame for sliding down
in the ordinary way in which the glass frames of carriage doors slide down.
The strips or laths are united to the side rails of the frame by small wire or
other centres or axes projecting from each end, working in corresponding
holes in the inner edges of the side rails of the frame. All this is common in
the construction or making of such kind of venetian blinds, whether for
windows or other purposes.
And my improvements are entirely confined to the means of actuating the
strips or laths of such blinds for the purpose of opening and closing the same,
which consists of a strip of metal or other suitable material long enough to
extend at right angles to the series of moveable laths, and which strip of
metal is formed with a series of small eyes not only equally divided but exact
the same distance apart from eye to eye as the axes of the strips or laths,
and into these eyes small metallic pins work secured on the flat or face sido

page_text: of each lath. From this it will be seen that by the pulling down or elevating
the strip of metal, all the strips or laths will be simultaneously opened, closed,
or set in any desired angle. But for the purpose of protecting the action of
the laths from undue force, the vertical strip is attached to a compound hinge
joint and plate at the top or bottom end as may be desired, which plate with
the compound or double hinge or joint is secured to the rail of the frame in
which the laths work. From this description it will be seen that the strips
or laths may be made not only of wood but of any suitable material, such as
wire gauze, supported in a metal binding, and suitably fitted in a wood, metal,
or other frame, such laths being actuated in the manner herein described and
thereby adapted for carriages, or for screens or blinds for other purposes.
SUPERCEDING THE UNSIGHTLY CHIMNEY POTS NOW IN USE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Haswell at the Office.
of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1865.
I, ROBERT HASWELL, No. 140, Marylebone Road, N.W., do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "SUPERCEDING THE UNSIGHTLY
CHIMNEY POTS NOW IN USE," to be as follows:-
To be cast in glass of octagon and other various patterns. The glass to be
of red, green, blue, or any colors that may be wanted. The pot is a non-
conductor of lightning; it is more ornamental, will last longer, and is far
easily cleansed by machinery than the common earthenware pots now in use.
Their thickness when made will be from half an inch and upwards..
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEATHERING PADDLES AND OARS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Macquorn Rankine
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1865.
I, WILLIAM JOHN MACQUORN RANKINE, of the University of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FEATHERING PADDLES AND
OARS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The nature of my Invention is that I dispense with all mechanism for
causing paddle floats to feather, by making them of such shapes that they
tend of themselves to move broadside forward when driven through the
water, and edgewise in coming out of the water; and for that purpose I
make the axis about which the float turns in feathering pass as accurately
as possible through the centre of figure of the float and through the centre of
its thickness. I make the float as thick in the middle as may be required
for strength, and I prefer to make it thin and sharp at the edges, but if
necessary it may be made of uniform thickness; one half of the float may if
desired be loaded, so as to make the edge of that half tend to hang down-
wards, or nearly so, provided such loading does not interfere with the symmetry
of figure of the float about its axis, but such loading is not essential to the

page_text: making of the float tend to move broadside through the water, and edgewise
in coming out of the water. I apply my aforesaid Invention to oars by
making the blade of the oar so as to turn freely about a longitudinal or nearly
longitudinal axis which traverses the centre of figure of the blade at the
middle of its thickness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BAKING BISCUITS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas Ellwick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1865.
I, GEORGE THOMAS ELLWICK, of Phoenix Place, Ratcliff Cross, in the Parish
of Stepney, and County of Middlesex, Baker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BAKING
BISCUITS," to be as follows: -
These improvements have reference to machinery or apparatus of that class
in which endless platforms, belts, or webs of metal plates suitably jointed
together, or other suitably constructed metallic webs are employed for the
purpose of conveying the biscuits to be baked into and through the heated
chamber, whereby the baking is effected. Such endless platforms, belts, or
webs, as hitherto employed, have been made to pass at each end over a
suitable drum of square or other section, and the biscuits to be baked have
been placed on the upper or forward-moving portion of the platform, belt, or
web, and the furnace whereby the oven has been heated has been situated
beneath the lower or returning portion of the platform, belt, or web, and has
consequently been at a considerable distance below the biscuits to be baked.
Now, my Invention consists in separating the upper and lower or forward
and return moving portions of the web (either by the employment of drums of
increased size, or by making use of additional drums) to a greater distance
apart than heretofore, and in making use of an additional furnace or furnaces,
or in so arranging the flues of a single furnace as that both the upper or

page_text: forward, and the lower or return moving portions of the platform or web shall
be available, and that biscuits may be baked upon the upper surfaces of each.
The same system of baking both upon the upper and lower or forward and
return moving portions of the platform, belt, or web may be employed in
connection with steam or hot water apparatus, instead of a furnace or furnaces!
for heating the chambers or ovens as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Laycock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Betition, pn the 21st
December 1865.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD LAYCOCK, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to such looms as are used in weaving the fabrics
known as horsehair seating, or fabrics of a similar character, in which the
hair or weft is inserted in the fabric singly in separate hairs or parts of a
hair.
The Invention consists, in the first place, in the use of an endless chain or
band passing round wheels or pulleys so as to be parallel with the side of the
loom or thereabouts, one or both of such wheels or pulleys having a slight
amount of rotary motion given thereto at each beat of the lay of the loom,
whereby the chain is caused to move gradually onwards in one direction.
The upper part of this chain or band passes near one end of the lay, and on
this portion of the chain clamps or holders are placed, which have been
previously charged or filled with hair, these clamps or holders presenting each
hair in succession to the action of a shuttle or other instrument, which is
passed to and fro in the shed by a suitable cam or other means. The shuttle

page_text: .
thus passes across the lay through the shed, and seizes the end of the hair
then opposite to it, and then returns and draws such hair through between the
warp threads, that hair being then beaten up by the lay, and the chain or
band with the clamps being moved forward so as to present another hair
to be taken at the next advance of the shuttle. The clamps may be
variously constructed, but I prefer to have them each formed of two straight
bars or jaws hinged together at one end, so that they may open and shut at
pleasure, and along one side of the lower jaw I propose to have guides or &
plate with narrow notches therein. Thus in filling a clamp with hair the
upper jaw will be raised, and each hair laid across the lower jaw with one end
projecting for a short distance through one of the notches in the guide or
guides, the rest of the hair hanging down on the other side of the clamp.
The upper jaw will then be shut down upon the lower one, and the two
lightly pressed together by a spring or catch, the inner surfaces of the jaws
being lined with cloth or some other elastic material which will hold the hairs
in their places until they are drawn away by the shuttle. In order to keep
the clamps in their places on the chain or band each clamp is provided with
a projection or projections, and the chain or band is furnished with openings
to receive such projections, or the chain may carry projections which may
enter into openings or recesses in the clamps. As the clamps have the hairs
drawn from them they advance onwards, and when empty pass downwards
and drop from the chain upon the floor or into a receptacle provided for
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR WAISTBAND BUCKLES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1865.
1, JOSEPH WALKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Press Tool
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENINGS FOR WAISTBAND BUCKLES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been customary to attach one end of the band permanently
to the buckle, the other or free end being secured by a "chape," or by other
similar means.
According to my Invention both ends of the band are free, both ends
being threaded through two bars affixed to the back of the frame of the
buckle. An oblong or other suitably shaped aperture being made in the said
frame a piece of metal is provided which a little more than covers the said
aperture; the said piece of metal is then placed in the front of the frame, and
the back of the said piece of metal having attached to it two bars of suitable
shape and size, the said two bars come against the other two bars first
herein-before described, so that supposing the two ends of the band are passed
through the bars affixed to the frame of the buckle, and adjusted to their
proper positions, the said piece of metal (to which is attached the other two
bars) is pressed inwards, and the band is held securely between the bars.