IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR SMELTING GLASS OR THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREIN. AND FOR CONSUMING SMOKE."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Davison, of Bishopswearmouth, in the County
of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR SMELTING
GLASS OR THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREIN. AND FOR CONSUMING SMOKE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Davison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1867.
I, JAMES DAVISON, of Bishopswearmouth, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES FOR SMELTING GLASS OR THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND FOR
CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in furnaces used for the
manufacture or smelting of glass, such as crown, sheet, plate, flint, bottle, or
other glass, or the materials used for making such glass, and consists of novel
means and arrangements for obtaining the necessary draught or current of
air for working such furnaces.
According to my Invention I propose to dispense with the use of large
cones and long caves as at present used for creating the draught or current of
air, and to effect the desired object by the use and application of steam
obtained from any suitable boiler, which steam is to be injected into small
flues, chimneys, or funnels by steam pipes or jets; these are placed in any
convenient part of the furnaces, and one or any number may be applied

page_text: according to the size of the furnaces and the number of pots, crucibles, or
cisterns they may contain. In each flue, chimney, or funnel I place one or
any number of steam pipes or jets to be made of any suitable metal, and to be
fixed or portable and provided with suitable cocks to regulate the supply of
steam so as to work the furnaces to any heat, a draught being thus created
through them intensifying the heat. The Invention is also applicable to heat
and regulate other descriptions of furnaces, calkers, arches, or kilns for every
purpose in connection with the manufacture of glass.
The principal feature of the Invention is, the application of steam injected
into furnaces for the manufacture of glass and the materials employed therein
for the purpose of obtaining the necessary draught; but the flues may also be
so arranged as to consume the smoke from the fuel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Davison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DAVISON, of Bishopswearmonth, in the County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Davison, Her special licence that I, the said Jaines
Davison, my executors, administrators; and assigns, or: such others as. I, the
Baid James Davison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES FOR SMELTING GLASS.OR THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND FOR
CONSUMING SMOKE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Davison, my executors or administrators, by an instrument; in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner. the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar nionths next' and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Davison, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
j
..:
My Invention' relates to certain improvements in furnaces used-for the
manufacture or smelting of glass, such as crown, sheet, plate, flint, bottle, or
other glass, or the materials used for making such glass, and consists of novel
means and arrangements for obtaining the necessary draught or current of
air for working such furnaces.
According to my Invention I propose to dispense with the use of large
cones and long caves as at present used for creating the draught or current of
air, and to effect the desired object by the use and application of steam
obtained from any suitable boiler, which steam is to be injected into small
flues, chimneys, or funnels by steam pipes or jets; these are placed in any
convenient part of the furnaces; and one or any number may be applied
according to the size of the furnaces and the number of pots, crucibles, or
cisterns they may contain. In each flue, chimney, or funnel I place one or
any number of steam pipes or jets to be made of any suitable metal and to be
fixed or portable, and provided with suitable cocks to regulate the supply. of
steam so as to work the furnaces to any heat, a draught being thus created
through them intensifying the heat. The Invention is also applicable: to
beating and regulating other descriptions of furnaces, calkers, arches, or kilns
for every purpose in connection with the manufacture of glass..
The principal feature of the Invention being the application of steam.
injected into flues for the manufacture of glass and the materials employed
therein for the purpose of obtaining the necessary draught; but the flues may
also be so arranged as to consume the smoke from the fuel.
In order that my Invention may be completely understood I annex.the
accompanying Drawings, shewing an example of the application of my
improvements to a furnace. where pots and crucibles are not used, but where
the glass or materials are smelted in a chamber.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the furnace; Fig. 2
a horizontal section, and Fig. 3 an end view; similar letters denoting
corresponding parts in each Figure.
...
a represents the brick or stonework of the furnace, which may be con-
structed of fire-clay, stone, or any refractory earth, such as Stourbridge clay;
b. is a partition separating the grate room c from the glass chamber d, and e-is
the furnace door. The partition b. is formed of refractory stone or fire-clay,
and may be made solid or hollow to permit of a current of air passing through

page_text: it for the purpose of preserving it from the effects of intense heat; f,f, are
the working holes; the furnace is braced or strengthened by tie rods and
vertical angle irons, as shewn at g, g. h is the chimney or shaft strengthened
and supported by similar means, as shewn; at the top of the chimney or shaft
a damper i is or may be placed, being suspended from a jointed rodj attached
to the beam k, which is supported by the standard 1; the other end of the
beam k is controlled by the chain m, to the end of which rings are attached,
which serve to fix the chain to hooks or other attachments, and thereby
regulate the height of the damper from the mouth of the chimney according
to the requirements of the work. n is the boiler, from which 'steam is con-
veyed to the flue or chimney by the blast pipe o, which is formed of a tapering
section and turned up at its exit in the chimney by a vertical bend, so that
the rush of steam upwards within the flue shall create the necessary draught
or current of air, the supply of steam being regulated by a valve. The steam
pipe is to be formed with a joint so as to permit of its removal from the
chimney when the jet of steam is stopped and the damper closed. The flame
from the furnace may be conveyed through an opening made in the lower part
of the flue above the boiler to the calcining furnace, if required, thereby
making one grate room and fire serve the purpose of smelting as well as
calcining. In Fig. 2 the grate room, partition, glass chamber, flue, and
chimney are shewn, as well as the working holes f, f, on each side of the
brickwork and glass chamber any number of working holes may be employed,
e being the entrance to the grate room. The plan view might also be of a
circular section with flue arranged as convenient, and with one or two grate
rooms, and the bottom of the glass chambers may be flat or concave.
Fig. 3, which is the end view, the arch of the furnace is shewn with the
curved bottom of the glass chamber in section, and the tie and braces 9, 9;
h is the chimney, and p the ground line. In this example of working the
furnace itself does all the work for which pots, cisterns, or crucibles are
generally used whether for crown, sheet, plate, flint, bottle, or other glass. In
some cases I work these furnaces without steam by making the chimneys, flues,
stalks, or funnels much longer than those to which I apply steam, whereby I
obtain a great draught. But in order to prevent the necessity of using such
long chimneys, flues, stalks, òr funnels. I employ the steam jets already
described, which are also applicable to pottery work where furnaces are used
for smelting glaze for earthenware, commonly called fret kilns. The improve-
ments are also applicable to furnaces where pots, cisterns, or crucibles are
used in the manufacture of or smelting of glass. And in all cases the-con-
sumption of smoke will be materially increased. The outer shell of the
In

page_text: furnace should be bound with metal plates, and the working holes made air
tight when required by means of slabs of fire-brick sliding vertically in grooved
iron frames controlled by chains and pulleys, levers, or other convenient.
nieans.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in.
which the same is to be carried into effect, I would remark that I do not limit
the application of my improvements to any particular form or description of
furnace for smelting glass, nor to the use of one jet of steam, as several jets
may be used in one furnace; but what I claim and desire to be secured to me
by the herein in part recited Letters Patent is, the application of a jet or jets.
of steam from a boiler to be injected into chimneys, stalks, flues, or funnels
for furnaces for smelting all descriptions of glass, or the materials employed
therein, either where pots, cisterns, or crucibles are used; or in the novel form
of furnace described where pots, cisterns, or crucibles are dispensed with,.
with one or more grate rooms, and from one to any number of working holes,
whereby the draught of the furnace is increased and the smoke consumed,
substantially as herein specified and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Davison, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
W. EARLE,
8, Tavistock Place,
Sunderland.
JAMES DAVISON. (L.s.)