IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sebastiano Bottüri, commonly called Sebastien
Botturi, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sebastiano Botturi at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the,
2nd March 1861.
I, SEBASTIANO BOTTURI, commonly called SEBASTIEN BOTTURI, of Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows::
I employ a hollow cloth beam, front beam, or receiving roller, within which:
is: a spindle driven by gearing from the tell-tale' reckoner or indicator, and
causing the beam to revolve with it when the latter is forced against it by. a
clutch regulated by a' screw or spring, whereby the speed of the beam is regu-
·lated and prevented from altering with the increased quantity wound on. The
spindle is mounted in slotted supports so that the beams may be changed.
The spindle has at one end gearing for driving the temple, or there may be a
breast beam covered with a band of wire card or points for drawing the web
forward, and allowing it to drop into a receiver instead of using a cloth beam.
A

page_text: At the back of the loom is a guide roller level with the cloth beam or breast
beam for guiding the yarn or fibrous material from a yarn, thread, or warp
beam placed below it, the speed at which it is delivered off that beam being
controlled by a clutch, collar, check, or break adjusted by a spring or screw;
by these means the use of weights is avoided. For velvet and pile weaving
another roller is added above the guide roller, also having a check or break.
The warp and guide rollers work by the friction of the threads without
gearing.
My temple consists of a shaft carrying a pair of wheels with teeth or points
on their peripheries; these wheels are loose on the- shaft, but are caused to
turn with it by forcing a wedge or block between them and abutments
adjusted by a screw or otherwise. This block varies the angle at which the
wheel revolves on the shaft, allowing it to turn in an inclined position until
brought straight by a piece worked by the lay, and acting on the block. The
wheels are mounted on the shaft on sliding boxes, bushes, or collars to adapt
the temple for different widths of fabric.
The lay is worked by connecting rods from a cranked driving shaft or by
excentrics, cams, or otherwise, and carries an arm that I call a driver, which
may be adjusted in length by screwing it to a threaded socket or shank, and
which driver moves the tell-tale, indicator, or reckoner, which consists of a
toothed or ratchet wheel with double click or clawker driving the cloth beam
by a pinion, which may be changed as required to suit the number of wefts
per inch.
The lay also works springs which actuate the shuttle, and which are retained
by the lay, when required, by cords passing over pulleys, but at the required
interval a trigger or releasing piece on the lay is moved by a bar or projection
on the framework, and releases the shuttle driving spring, and thereby shoots
the shuttle, which is returned by a similar arrangement on the opposite side;.
or the shuttle may be driven by working its springs by a bar acting like the
"shifting driver" herein-after described, or a cam pulley or gearing may be
used.
The shifting driver" is.a bar, rod, or arm travelling horizontally to and
fro, preferably on friction rollers in a slotted bar, and held in position first at
one side. and then at the other by springs, one at each end of the support and
one in the middle; the latter, which I call the shifting spring, being disengaged
by a stud or projection on the lay, when the driver is to be shifted, liberates
it from one of the holding springs, and pushes it to the other side, where it is
held by the other holding spring and the shifting spring until the latter is
again released: On: each side of the lay is a box, groove, or receptacle for

page_text: the shuttle; for certain weavings the shuttle may be stopped at parts of its
travel, as required, by a spring which stops and returns it. After the spring
has driven the shuttle, it may be brought back in order to act again by being
caused to pass along a curved bar fixed to the frame, having a leather pad at
the end to ease the shock of the shuttle.
The two shuttle driving springs may be worked together or alternately, and
the lay may perform two or more strokes on the work without moving the
shuttle, if required, by causing the arm or piece which works the trigger, or
otherwise moves the shuttle, to be worked by a "shifting driver" with "jointed
ends only shooting the shuttle at the right interval.
For weaving in various colours, wheels with compartments are employed
driven by connections from the driving shaft or otherwise, each compartment
carrying a shuttle with a spring stop to stop it when required; the wheels
bring up their shuttle as required, the weft being cut by a cutter on the
wheel.
To adjust the lay at the required height, it may have a threaded part at
top, on which is held by nuts a collar or ring with two arms or journals which
rest and work in bearings so as to allow the lay its to-and-fro swing. The
reed dents are longer than usual to serve for weavings at different levels, for
which purpose moveable pieces are placed at different heights, and förm under
bars for the reed or shuttle races, being worked to and fro by the lay so as to
come under the web, and pass out of the way just as required.
The lay works the heddles by the following contrivance :-To the lay is
attached a shifting driver" jointed at one end, which end, when not to act,
is forced out of the way by a fixed' arm, but when disengaged therefrom at
the forward stroke of the lay, is returned to position by a spring, and strikes
against and moves one of four curved arms attached to a shaft (of which
there is one with its appurtenances at each side of the loom), thereby causing
the shaft to revolve. The shifting driver performs four strokes, moving each
curved arm in turn, and rotating the shaft on one side of the loom; and is
then shifted across the lay by its shifting spring to drive the shaft on the
side of the loom in like manner. Each shaft carries a four-toothed ratchet
wheel and click to stop it at each fourth of a revolution, and at top it carries
a revolving contrivance which I call a Botturi wheel, and which consists of
four crosses one above another attached together by connecting pieces at the
ends of their limbs, and steadied by a projection on the top cross turning in a
collar or cap; thus all four revolve together. One of the connecting pieces
on each cross is intended to receive a wire or cord for working the heddle;
this particular connection I call the "pulling holder." It must be understood
.

page_text: that each pulling-holder carrying limb points in a different direction; that
is to say, suppose the four limbs of each cross, pointing one north, one east,
one south, and one west, then, if when the wheel is stationary, the pulling
holder of the lowest cross is on the limb pointing north, that of the second
cross will be on the limb pointing, say, east; that of the third on the limb
pointing south, and that of the uppermost on the limb pointing west. On
each pulling holder is attached a cord, strap, or chain which I call a "pull."
and which is intended to move the heddle, the pull, being connected to the
pulling holder by a stem, with an eye connected to a screw socket or other-
wise. Thus when the Botturi wheel revolves only one pulling holder pulls at
a. time, the other three not pulling, and each pulls consecutively as the wheel
turns. In one arrangement each pull passes over a pulley, and is attached to
and wound round a roller, round which is also wound two other cords, chains,
or straps which I call suspenders, and to which the, heddle is fastened at top,
the heddles having springs attached to them at bottom, so that when each
pulling holder in its turn pulls its cord or pull, the end of that pull on its
roller unwinds, turning the roller, and winding on it an additional length of
the suspenders, thereby pulling up the corresponding heddles; but when the
pull ceases to pull, the springs draw, the heddle, down, again unwinding the
suspender, from the roller, and winding, the pulls thereon.
A number of pulls may be, attached to, each pulling holder to lift a number
of heddles at a time, the order, being arranged, beforehand, so that this plan
serves instead of a jacquart, and several looms may be worked at a time by
attaching to the pulling holders wires or, cords, arranged horizontally like
telegraph wires formed with eyes, to which, I attach "pulls" working rollers
as described; these wires preferably work on friction rollers supported on
posts. The heddles may be worked by rollers only turning partially round in
their bearings.
I, have spoken of four crosses to the Botturi wheel, but more or less may
be used, in, which case, instead of four curved arms on its shaft and four
teeth on its ratchet wheel, their number. must be altered to correspond.
There need only be one Botturi wheel to the loom instead of two, in which
case of course there would be only one shaft with its appurtenances to turn
it, and the driver need not shift from side to side. Where there are two
Botturi wheels, there may be two drivers instead of a single shifting driver.
Instead of two Botturi wheels there may be several, with a corresponding number
of appurtenances. For weaving in shapes or form, I; move the portion of the
warp not required for the work out of the way of the shuttle, by means of the
heddle cords or wires in various manners.

page_text: The warp threads to be withdrawn from the course of the shuttle as
required for the shape or pattern may be moved out of the way in various
methods, the ones to lift being arranged beforehand, so that jacquards may be
dispensed with. Thus each cord or wire of the heddle may have several eyes
or mails, i.e., eyes at different heights to weave several pieces at one time, the
warp threads being passed into the required eyes or mails to bring them into
or out of the way of the shuttle as required by the pattern; or I use heddles
with shifting wires or cords, i.e., moveable in the heddle frame; these may be
moved up or down as required, so as to bring the warp threads in or out of
the way of the shuttle, being placed properly according as the pattern or shape
may require. These wires or cords may only pass partially from top to
bottom so as to be readily pulled up or down, or the heddle wires or cords
may have at each end two rings with a space between them to be passed
over hooks to hold the wires or cords, so that according as they are hung by
the outer rings or by the inner rings, the position of their eyes or mails, and
hence that of the warp, will be varied, or the heddle wires or cords may be
drawn up and down and attached by other means, the warp threads may be
lifted by wires attached tó levers worked by the tell-tale or indicator. There
may be a separate heddle for each throw of the
on the cords or the lifting wires that work the
several loonis by cams or by cords passing over pulleys, or by any suitable
connections.
shuttle, or treadles may act
heddles whether for one or
For weaving certain fabrics, the heddle cords or wires may be connected
to levers acted on by cylinders or barrels, having teeth or points on their
peripheries, and rotated by endless screws or otherwise, which cylinders are so
arranged as to raise the levers as required for lifting the heddle wires or cords
necessary to remove the warp threads out of the course of the shuttle according
to the pattern or work.
A number of looms working a variety of different fabrics or patterns may
all be worked from one loom, which I call the principal or driving loom, and
which is actuated by steam, hand, or other motive agent, this first loom
communicating motion to the heddles of the others by wires, cords, or
equivalent contrivances; as herein-before' described, and driving their lays (and
hence the parts actuated by these lays) by bars or rods leading from its own
lay to theirs, by which means the appliances for transmitting motion from a.
driving shaft are dispensed with. Each of the fooms may be stopped when
required without interfering with the action of the others by a suitable disen-
gaging arrangement. For tubular and other weaving I can weave with two
or more layers of warp and one shuttle.

page_text: The foregoing explanation refers to a loom in which the warp is horizontal,
as in ordinary looms, but the same principle of construction may be applied
to looms in which the warp is placed vertical by such modifications as would
be obvious to a practical man, the position of the different parts being rela-
tively arranged accordingly.
A double or combined horizontal and vertical loom or horizontal and
oblique loom may be constructed, one warp being carried up at right,
angles to the horizontal warp, and brought over a beam down at an angle on
to the horizontal warp, where it is to be worked. This arrangement may be
applied for weaving flowers, or other ornaments or devices, or weavings on the
ground woven with the horizontal warp; one lay only, is here required; or
'one
instead of one warp being horizontal it may be oblique, and the two warps
meet at an angle
The descriptions of articles and fabrics that can be woven in my improved,
looms are too numerous to cite. They include plain, figured, and ornamental
fabrics, coarse, ordinary rich fabrics, lace, ribbons, carpets, tapestry, furniture,
gold and silver lace, velvet, tubular and other shapes, hats, trousers, shoes, and,
other garments or apparel woven into shape, and a variety of others far too
numerous to mention.
According to my improvements, I can combine apparatus so that threads
may be arranged in mails on different planes so as to have warps on different
planes; I can place warps of one colour in one plane and those of another in
another plane. There may be two or more warp rollers placed in different
planes, and their warp threads brought into heddle eyes or mails to bring them
into the proper weaving plane according to the pattern or shape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Sebastiano Botturi in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SEBASTIANO
BOTTURI, commonly called SEBASTIEN BOTTURI, of Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Sebastiano Botturi, Her special licence that I, the said Sebastiano Botturi, my

page_text: executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Sebastiano
Botturi, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,' the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Sebastiano Botturi, my executors or administrators, by. an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sebastiano Botturi, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
:
I employ a hollow cloth beam, front beam, or receiving roller, within which
is a spindle driven by gearing from the tell-tale, reckoner, or indicator, and
causing the beam to revolve with it when the latter is forced against it by a
clutch regulated by a screw or spring, whereby the speed of the beam is
regulated, and prevented from altering with the increased quantity wound
on. The spindle is mounted in slotted supports, so that the beams may be
changed. The spindle has at one end gearing for driving the temple; or
there may be a breast beam, covered with a band of wire, card, or points, for
drawing the web forward, and allowing it to drop into a receiver, instead of
using a cloth beam. At the back of the loom is a guide roller, level with
the cloth beam or breast beam, for guiding the yarn or fibrous material from
a yarn, thread, or warp beam placed below it, the speed at which it is
delivered off that beam being controlled by a clutch, collar, check, or break
adjusted by a spring or screw; by these means the use of weights is avoided.
For velvet and pile weaving another roller is added above the guide roller,
also having a check or break. The warp and guide rollers work by the
friction of the threads without gearing.
My temple consists of a shaft carrying a pair of wheels with teeth or points
on their peripheries. These wheels are loose on the shaft, but are caused to
turn with it by forcing a wedge or block between them and abutments
adjusted by a screw or otherwise. This block varies the angle at which the

page_text: wheel revolves on the shaft, allowing it to turn in an inclined position until
brought straight by a piece worked by the lay, and acting on the block. The
wheels are mounted on the shaft on sliding boxes, bushes, or collars, to adapt
the temple for different widths of fabric.
The lay is worked by connecting rods from a crank driving shaft, or by
excentrics, cams, or otherwise, and carries an arm that I call a driver, which
may be adjusted in length by screwing it to a threaded socket or shank, and
which: driver moves the tell-tale, indicator, or reckoner, which consists of a
toothed or ratchet wheel, with double click or clawker, driving the cloth beam
by a pinion, which may be changed, as required, to suit the number of wefts
per inch.
The lay also works springs, which actuate the shuttle, and which are
retained by the lay, when required, by cords passing over pulleys, but at
the required interval a trigger or releasing piece on the lay is moved by a
bar or projection on the framework, and releases the shuttle-driving spring,
and thereby shoots the shuttle, which is returned by a similar arrangement on
the opposite side, or the shuttle may be driven by working its springs by a
bar acting like the "shifting driver" herein-after described, or a cam pulley
or gearing may be used.
The "shifting driver" is a bar, rod, or arm, travelling horizontally to and
fro, preferably on friction rollers in a slotted bar, and held in position first at
one side and then at the other by springs, one at each end of the support, and
one in the middle; the latter, which I call the shifting spring, being disengaged
by a stud or projection on the lay when the driver is to be shifted, liberates
it from one of the holding springs, and pushes it to the other side, where it
is held by the other holding spring and the shifting spring until the latter is
again released. On each side of the lay is a box, groove, or receptacle for the
shuttle. For certain weavings the shuttle may be stopped at parts of its
travel, as required, by a spring, which stops and returns it. After the spring
has driven the shuttle, it may be brought back in order to act again by being
caused to pass along a curved bar fixed to the frame, the spring having a
leather pad at the end to ease the shock of the shuttle.
:
The two shuttle driving springs may be worked together or alternately, and
the lay may perform two or more strokes on the work without moving the
shuttle, if required, by causing the arm or piece which works the trigger, or
otherwise moves the shuttle, to be worked by a "shifting driver" with jointed
end, only shooting the shuttle at the right interval.
For weaving in various colors, wheels with compartments are employed,
driven by connections from the driving shaft, or otherwise, each compartment

page_text: carrying a shuttle with a spring stop to stop it when required. The wheels
bring up their shuttles as required, the weft being cut by a cutter on the
wheel.
To adjust the lay at the required height, it may have a threaded part at
top, on which is held by nuts a collar or ring with two arms or journals,
which rest and work in bearings, so as to allow the lay its to-and-fro swing.
The reed dents are longer than usual to serve for weavings at different
levels, for which purpose moveable pieces are placed at different heights,
and form under bars for the reed or shuttle races, being worked to and
fro by the lay, so as to come under the web, and pass out of the way, just
as required.
The lay works the heddles by the following contrivance :-To the lay is
attached a "shifting driver," jointed at each end; such end when not to act
is forced out of the way by a fixed arm, but when disengaged therefrom at
the forward stroke of the lay, is returned to position by a spring, and strikes
against and moves one of four curved arms attached to a shaft, of which there
is one with its appurtenances at each side of the loom, thereby causing the
shaft to revolve. The shifting driver performs four strokes, moving each
curved arm in turn, and rotating the shaft on one side of the loom, and is
then shifted across the lay by its shifting spring to drive the shaft on the other
side of the loom in like manner. Each shaft carries a four-toothed ratchet
wheel and click to stop it at each fourth of a revolution, and at top it carries
a revolving contrivance, which I call a "Botturi wheel," and which consists
of four crosses, one above another, attached together by connecting pieces at
the ends of their limbs, and steadied by a projection on the top cross, turning
in a collar or cap; thus all four revolve together. One of the connecting.
pieces on each cross is intended to receive a wire or cord for working the
heddle; this particular connection I call the "pulling holder." It must be
understood that each "pulling holder" carrying limb points in a different
direction, that is to say, suppose the four limbs of each cross pointing one
north, one east, one south, and one west, then if, when the wheel is stationary,
the pulling holder of the lowest cross is on the limb pointing north, that
of the second cross will be on the limb pointing, say, east; that of the third
on the liinb pointing south, and that of the uppermost on the limb pointing
On each pulling holder is attached a cord, strap, or chain, which I
call a "pull," and which is intended to move the heddle, the pull being con-
nected to the pulling holder by a stem with an eye connected to a screw,
socket, or otherwise. Thus when the "Botturi" wheel revolves, only one
pulling holder pulls at a time, the other three not pulling, and each pulls
west.

page_text: consecutively as the wheel turns. In one arrangement each pull passes over
a pulley, and is attached to and wound round a roller, round which is also
wound two other cords, chains, or straps, which I call "suspenders," and to
which the heddle is fastened at top, the heddles having springs attached to
them at bottom, so that when each pulling holder in its turn pulls its cord
or pull, the end of the pull on its roller unwinds, turning the roller, and
winding on it an additional length of the suspenders, thereby pulling up the
corresponding heddles, but when the pull ceases to pull the springs draw the
heddle down again, unwinding the suspenders from the roller, and winding
the pulls thereon.
A number of pulls may be attached to each pulling holder to lift a number
of heddles at a time, the order being arranged beforehand, so that this plan
serves instead of a jacquart; and several looms may be worked at a time by
attaching to the pulling holders wires or cords arranged horizontally like
telegraph wires, formed with eyes, to which I attach pulls working rollers, as
described. These wires preferably work on friction rollers supported on posts.
The heddles may be worked by rollers only turning partially round in their
bearings.
I have spoken of four crosses to the Botturi wheel, but more or less may be
used; in which case instead of four curved arms on its shaft and four teeth on its
ratchet wheel, their number must be altered to correspond. There need only be
one Botturi wheel to the loom instead of two; in which case of course there
would be only one shaft with its appurtenances to turn it, and the driver need
not shift from side to side. Where there are two Botturi wheels, there may
be two drivers instead of a single shifting driver. Instead of two Botturi wheels
there may be several, with a corresponding number of appurtenances.
For weaving in shapes or form, I move the portion of the warp not required
for the work out of the way of the shuttle by means of the heddle cords or
wires in various manners. The warp threads to be withdrawn from the course
of the shuttle as required for the shape or pattern may be moved out of the
way in various methods, the ones to lift being arranged beforehand, so that
jacquards may be dispensed with. Thus each cord or wire of the heddle may:
have several eyes or mails, i.e., eyes at different heights to weave several
pieces at one time, the warp threads being passed into the required eyes or
mails to bring them into or out of the way of the shuttle, as required by the
pattern, or I use heddles with shifting wires or cords, i.e., moveable in the
heddle frames. These may be moved up or down 'as required so as to bring
the warp threads in or out of the way of the shuttle, being placed properly
according as the pattern or shape may require. These wires or cords may

page_text: only pass partially from top to bottom so as to be readily pulled up or down ;
or the heddle wires or cords may have at each end two rings, with a space
between them, to be passed over hooks to hold the wires or cords, so that
according as they are hung by their outer rings or by the inner rings the
position of their eyes or mails, and hence that of the warp, will be varied; or
the heddle wires or cords may be drawn up and down, and attached by other
The warp threads may be lifted by wires attached to levers worked
by the tell-tale or indicator. There may be a separate heddle for each throw.
of the shuttle, or treadles may act on the cords or the lifting wires that work
the heddles, whether for one or several looms by cams or by cords passing over.
pulleys, or by any ordinary connections.
means.
For weaving certain fabrics the heddle cords or wires may be connected to
levers acted on by cylinders or barrels having teeth or points on their
peripheries, and rotated by endless screws or otherwise; which cylinders are
so arranged as to raise the levers as required for lifting the heddle wires or
cords necessary to remove the warp threads out of the course of the shuttle
according to the pattern or work.
A number of looms working a variety of different fabrics or patterns may
all be worked from one loom, which I call the principal or driving loom, and
which is actuated by steam, hand, or other motive agent; this first loom
communicating motion to the heddles of the others by wires, cords, or
equivalent contrivance, as herein-before described, and driving their lays, and
hence the parts actuated by these lays, by bars or rods leading from its own
lay to theirs, by which means the appliances for transmitting motion from a
driving shaft are dispensed with. Each of the looms may be stopped when
required without interfering with the action of the others by an ordinary
disengaging arrangement.
For tubular and other weaving I can weave with two or more layers of
warp and one shuttle.
The foregoing explanation refers to a loom in which the warp is horizontal,
as in ordinary looms; but the same principle of construction may be applied
to looms in which the warp is placed vertical, by such modifications as would
be obvious to a practical man, the position of the different parts being
relatively arranged accordingly.
A double or combined horizontal and vertical loom, or horizontal and
oblique loom, may be constructed, one warp being carried up at right angles
to the horizontal warp, and brought over a beam down at an angle on to the
horizontal warp where it is to be worked. This arrangement may be applied
for weaving flowers, or other ornaments or devices, or weavings on the ground:

page_text: formed by the horizontal warp; one lay only is here required; or instead of one'
warp being horizontal it may be oblique, and the two warps meet at an angle.
. The descriptions of articles and fabrics that can be woven in my improved
looms are too numerous to cite. They include plain, figured, and ornamental
fabrics; coarse, ordinary, or rich fabrics; lace, ribbons, carpets, tapestry, fur-
niture, gold and silver lace, velvets, tubular and other shapes, hats, trousers,
shoes, and other garments or apparel woven into shape, and a variety of others'
far too numerous to mention.
According to my improvements I can combine apparatus so that threads
may be arranged in mails on different planes, so as to have warps on different
planes. I can place warps of one color in one plane, and those of another in
another plane. There may be two or more warp rollers placed in different
planes, and their warp threads brought into heddle eyes or mails to bringi
them into the proper weaving plane according to the pattern or shape.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a front view of a loom, con-
structed according to my Invention, having the warp horizontal; and Figure 2,
side view of the same.
A, A, is the framing of the loom; C, the lay, which is worked to and fro by
arms fitted into sockets c³, and operated by any ordinary means of communi-
cating motion; D is the warp beain; D', the guide roller, over which the
warp passes to the heddles; D3 is a beam for drawing the web from off the
temple, and transferring it to another roller below it, or into the box or trough
D. The web passes from the temple to the beam Ds over a guide roller D*.
I clothe the beam D³ with closely set card teeth or points to draw the web
onward; d is a collar or flange on the beam D'; d' is a break or friction piece
at one end of a threaded shank d³, having a handle at the other end, and
working in a nut d², attached to the framing A. The friction piece is applied
against the collar d, so that by tightening or slackening the screw d³, the
speed of the beam is regulated at pleasure. I have a similar contrivance on
the cloth beam, and by these means prevent those beams from altering their
speed with the quantity of warp wound off or web wound on. M, M; are the
Heddles, connected at bottom to the framing A by springs m'; which draw them
down after they have been lifted by the levers m. These levers mare con-
nected to the tops of the heddles M by cords m², which pass over pulleys e¹ to
the wires or cords'f;f, which I call the transmitting wires, and which pass over
pulleys e, e, and are worked by the "Botturi" wheel G of the principal or
driving loom; the heddles of the driving loom and of all the looms worked by
it are connected to these wires, which are supported on uprights and carried
in a horizontal position one over the other, or side by side over the various

page_text: looms so worked by these means; the heddles of a series of: looms may thus
be worked from the driving loom, and by arranging the heddles properly the
other looms may weave different work, patterns, or articles from it and from
each other; the levers may be actuated by treadles instead of by transmitting
wires. The temple is between the roller D' and the reed N.; O is a shifting
driver, consisting of a rod or bar supported in the lay, so as to be free to travel
to and fro across it from side to side. .At each end of this bar is jointed a
head o¹, intended to strike against four curved arms 9' on a shaft g. There is
such a shaft 9 on each side of the loom, each having, four curved arms q¹fixed
thereto. Each shaft. g, is connected to and actuates a "Botturi" wheel G. at
each backward stroke of the lay; the head o' is forced aside, so as to clear the
arms q¹ by means of a bar or projection o fixed on the framing; when free of
this projection, that is to say, at each forward stroke of the lay, the head o¹ is
restored to position by a spring, and comes in: a line with the rest of the bar,
and when so extended it strikes against the four arms.q¹ (at that side) in suc-
cession, and so causes that shaft to perform one revolution, and thereby causes
the "Botturi" wheel G to perform a revolution. A four-toothed ratchet wheel
q3 on the shaft g furnished with clawker q', and shewn detached in Figure 14, is
moved round one tooth at each, stroke of the driver O on the arms q', and is
stopped by its clawker; when the driver has performed its four strokes on the
arms q' of one shaft.g, it is shifted to the other side of the loom by the springs
03, actuated by the contrivance shewn in Figure 23, and afterwards described
and kept there, while. its other jointed head performs four strokes on that side,
and turns the shaft.g. and wheel G on that side in. like manner. The
shafts gare stepped and. supported in any ordinary. manner; o³ are notches;
into which the springs o³ take. The beams Ds, D', are actuated by gearing
from the reckoner or tell-tale wheel k, by toothed pinions k¹, ², in gear with
toothed wheels k³, k, on the rollers D³, D.. The. intermediate pinions are
removable to suit the diameter of the wheel. k, which is changed according to
the number of weft threads per inch. The reckoner is driven by a rod 1¹;
which I call a driver, and which screws into a socket r fixed to the lay, and at
every forward stroke. of the lay this rod moves a driver ¹³, which takes into
the ratchet teeth of. the, tell-tale U, as shewn in Figure 6, and so moves it
round; the distance of the rod r³ from the driver k¹ is regulated by screwing
it more or less into its socket r; j,j, are the shuttle driving springs; s is à
curved arm for stretching. and actuating the springs j,j; C, moveable. piece
which may be, fitted as a bottom lay, bar, or shuttle race when necessary to use
a shuttle at that part, when not wanted it can be, slidden out of the way..

page_text: Figure 3 is a back view of the loom, shewing. two warp beams D and two
guide beams D¹.
Figure 4 is a front view, and Figure 5 is a side view, of a loom, in which
the warp is upright. The loom is shewn as furnished with two lays; the two
sides of the loom are alike in their arrangement, and the front and back in
theirs, so that eight pairs of trowsers, for example, might be woven in this
loom simultaneously; the framing A is divided midway transversely, so that
the workman may pass through it from side to side; B is a working beam for
driving the lay C, centred on an axis.B', supported in a bracket in the framing.
This beam is jointed at one end to a link or rod B', which connects it to a
steam engine shaft or other motive agent. The opposite end of the beam B is
jointed or connected to the beam B of a second loom, and that one to the next,
and so on; the lays C, C, are connected to the beam B by links c', c', jointed
to threaded rods c², c, which are inserted into the lay, and adjusted and held at
the exact position by nuts c³. The lay is guided in its travel by the sockets c*,
sliding up and down on guide rods c, fixed to the framework. D, D, are the
warp beams; their speed is regulated by the friction arrangements d, d', d³, d³.
D' is a roller for guiding the warp threads F to the lay C; d³, d, ratchets and
pawls; G is the web; E, cloth beam; and E¹, guide beam. The beam E is
driven by gearing from the tell-tale. j,j, are the drivers, peckers, or springs
which drive the shuttles; and j',j, springs that stop the shuttle in the middle
of its course, and send it back again at the parts where the weaving has to be
stopped; 2, screws for adjusting the springs;f,f, transmitting wires driven by
what I call the "Botturi wheel or crank arrangement G, to which they are
connected by hooks f¹; n are cords attached both to the transmitting wires f
and to the tops of the heddles.
I form the warp beam and cloth beam hollow with an internal spindle,
which is itself caused to revolve, and so communicates its motion to the hollow
beam; the spindle is supported in bearings held in slots in the framing. When a
sufficient quantity of warp is delivered off the warp beam, the beam can be
taken from its spindle and a fresh or filled one placed thereon; so also when
the cloth beam is filled, I can remove it and substitute an empty one.
Whenever in the various Figures the letters A, d, d', d³, d, e, f, C, G, g,
N, occur they refer to like parts to those which they indicate in Figures 1, 2,
4, and 5.
Figures 7 and 8 are Diagrams shewing how the loom may be arranged as
a substitute for the jacquard and for weaving sail cloth, twills, and other
weavings, by attaching certain of the heddles together so that certain of them

page_text: or certain of the leaves may be lifted by the same lever; they may be raised
by treadles, Figure 7, or by transmitting wires as in Figure 8. Figure 9
shews the "Botturi" wheel G, which is composed of four plates or crosses
g', g, one over the other (one of these is shewn in plan, Figure 10); they are
connected together at the ends of their limbs by connecting pieces g³, which
are short rods (with an annular groove at the middle) of the shape shewn.
These are what I call the "pulling holders," and to them are connected cords
or pulls m² passing over pullies, and joined to the transmitting wires f, f. I
prefer to connect the cords or pulls to the pulling holders by a plate 9*, shewn
in Figure 11, having a central orifice g¹0, whereby it is fitted on the pulling
holder, and the ends are formed with eyes, g", to which are attached the cords
or pulls. The "Botturi" wheel is on a shaft g, to which the lowermost
plate g' is attached, and the other plates g¹ being connected therewith the
whole revolves together, being steadied at top in a cap in the framing; G³ is
a screw for adjusting the position of the wheel. There may be three or more.
"Botturi" wheels G, according to the pattern. Figure 12 is another view of
it. Figure 13 is a plan of the four curved arms q' on the shaft g, to which
they are fixed by attaching them between two plates q² keyed on the shaft ;.
Figure 14 shews the four toothed ratchet wheel q³ with its clawker q';
Figure 15 is a front view of the lay C, shewing the reed N, which is represented
apart in Figure 16; and Figure 15 shews also the two shuttle-carrying wheels P,
one of which is shewn in section, Figure 18; the wheels P are on a shaft p,
and one of them has a toothed flange p² driven by a pinion or rack worked by
the lay, whereby both wheels are rotated; these wheels are intended for weaving
with weft threads of different colours, and are formed with compartments ps
around the edges, each intended for the reception of a shuttle; the floor of
the compartments slopes backward, and there are lids over them to prevent
the shuttle from falling out when the wheel revolves; p' is a cutter, one to
each compartment. At the beginning of the weaving a shuttle is placed in
each compartment of one wheel, and the wheels move round and are stopped
just so as to bring the shuttle which is to act up to the shed, and opposite a
spring attached to the lay, which spring throws the shuttle through the shed,
and passes it on into the corresponding compartment of the other wheel (which
must have turned round correspondently with the first wheel); the thread is
held just when the shuttle is to be thrown, by a spring p³, one to each com-
partment, and the wheel goes on, the cutter p₁ cutting the threads.
shews a mode of driving the lay by a cranked shaft t connected to
links or cranks t; Figure 20 shews screws c¹, and nuts for adjusting the
height of the lay; Figure 21 front view, and Figure 22 side view, of a com-
Figure 19
the lay by

page_text: pound loom or loom with two warps, of which one R³ is horizontal and the
other S vertical; the warps are brought together at a part where they are
woven by the weft; c, c, are the sockets into which are fastened the arms.
that work: the lay to and fro ; R', warp beam of horizontal warp R³, and R² its.
guide roller; S¹, warp beam of the vertical warp S3, and S2 its guide roller;
T, beam for receiving the web F; T, guide roller used when the web is
received in a trough; M³, heddles of warp R³; Mo; heddles of warp S³;
m", levers. for raising the heddles M³, and m10; springs for drawing, them down
again; m³, lifting levers, and m¹, springs of heddle M'; Q, shuttle box;
j, trigger that retains and releases the spring that drives the shuttle ;)", plate
to which the spring is attached..
Figure 23 shews in plan the mode I adopt for shifting the driver O' from
one side of the loom to the other. On each shaft. g is a second four-toothed
ratchet wheel. X, on which is firmly fixed a projection a³, entending beyond the
edge of the wheel. At every stroke of the driver head o' against the arms q¹,
à projection on the lay comes against a driver: x2, and forces the wheel round'
to the extent of one tooth. This piece is returned by the spring, and the
click or clawker (furnished with spring a) stops the wheel. When the
wheel X has performed an entire revolution, that is, as soon as the driver Ohas
performed four strokes at one side of the loom, the projection a comes between
the spring o.and the lay, and forces the spring out of one and into another
notch on the bar O, displaces the spring on the other side in like manner, and
so forces the bar O to the other side of the lay, and holds it there while its
head of there performs its four strokes against the arms q' of the-shaft gat
that side.
• Instead of extending the shuttle driver springs by curved rods, I sometimes
use a spring actuated by a cord passing over a pulley attached to one of the
frame castings. The heddles I frequently form of a number of moveable or
separable cords or wires attached between the top and bottom staves or frame
bars of the "leaf" or heddle; and formed with eyes at the same or different
heights. Any number of these cords or wires can be removed from the heddle
to clear the corresponding number of warp- threads out of the way of the
shuttle, (according as the work may. 'require) without interfering with the rest
of the heddle or leaf.
⚫ Heretofore in ordinary power looms the bottom lever that moves the heddles
draws part of the warp up and part down, thereby causing considerable friction,
whereas in my plan only those warp threads are.raised that are wanted for the
shuttle.to pass under while the others remain stationary, not being lowered as
in the ordinary. loom, whereby a considérable amount of friction is avoided.

page_text: To form an idea of my mode of weaving in form, I suppose, for example, I
wish to weave a pair of trowsers. I arrange the warp in two layers to
correspond to the tubular form of the legs and seat, forming two rows for the
legs with an intervening space, and I throw the shuttle through the upper and
lower layer in succession, the heddle cords not required for the shape being
removed.
In Figure 6; U is the weft reckoner; u, thé adjusting arm; k, toothed
wheel worked by driver u³, actuated by rod on the lay; u³, u³, clawkers.
Figure 16 shews the reed; n³ are shifting bars fitted at any desired heights for
the shuttle to run'on.
Figure 25 is an elevation, and Figure 26 transverse section of what I call
the "barrel" apparatus for raising the heddle levers by cylinders. with teeth
or points on their peripheries. Y. is such a cylinder with teeth or points y, y,
on its periphery, arranged thereon so as to lift as it revolves such beddle
levers as are required for the pattern at the required time. The cylinder is
caused to rotate by a toothed pinion y¹ on its axis; y², y³,
lifting levers.
are the heddle
Figure 27 shews the temple which I sometimes employ. is the spindle
driven by pinion v; v², v', wheels with teeth or points on their rims; they are
loose on the spindle v, but their angle thereto is altered by the blocks v³,
on the lay coming between them and the abutments v³.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,—
First, the general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
loom or weaving apparatus herein-before described.
Second, the arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
shuttle carrying wheels herein-before described.
Third, the arrangement and combination of reed with moveable bars.
herein-before described.
Fourth, the arrangement and combination of parts for transmitting motion
from the lay to the heddles of one loom or to the heddles of several looms, as
herein-before described.
Fifth, the employment. of transmitting wires or cords in the manner herein
described for actuating the heddles of several looms from the lay of one-
loom.
Sixth, the arrangement and combination of parts herein-before described
constituting the temple with its adjusting apparatus.
Seventh, the arrangement and combination of parts for actuating the tell-tale-
or weft reckoner by the lay, as herein-before described.

page_text: Eighth, the arrangement and combination of parts for actuating the shuttle
by the shifting driver, as herein-before 'described.
Ninth, the manufacture of heddles with wires or cords; that may be
separately inserted into and removed from the heddle or from the weaving
plane at pleasure (without interfering with the rest of the heddle or leaf), as
herein-before described.
Tenth, the arrangement and combination of parts constituting the "compound
loom or loom with two warps one meeting the other, at an angle, as-herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sebastiano Botturi, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness;
'M. HENRY, Patent Agent,
84, Fleet Street, London.
SEBASTIANO BOTTURI. (L.S.)