IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING LIQUORS CONTAINING AMMONIACAL COMPOUNDS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Young, of Kelly, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING LIQUORS CONTAINING AMMONIACAL COMPOUNDS IN ORDER
TO OBTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM."
Scaled the 17th December 1872, and dated the 10th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Young at the
Oflice of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1872.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIQUORS CONTAINING AMMONIACAL COMPOUNDS IN ORDER
TO CBTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as follows, that is to say :--
In the manufacture of bicarbonate or carbonate of soda by what is
known as the "ammonia process," liquors containing compounds of
ammonia are produced. The present Invention has for its object to
obtain from the said liquors ammonia in combination or admixture with
carbonic acid.
In carrying the Invention into practice the liquors containing the
compounds of ammonia are placed in a still or boiler and mixed with
powdered carbonate of lime or carbonate of magnesia, or with mixtures
or compounds of these carbonates. The still or boiler containing the

page_text: liquors and carbonate or carbonates is heated by fire or steam, the result
of which is that there distills over together with the vapour of water
ammonia mixed or combined with carbonic acid.
The distillate is cooled by passing through a condenser and collected
in any suitable vessel. It is preferred however to receive the distillate
in the decomposing vessel of the apparatus containing the salt to be
used for producing bicarbonate or carbonate of soda.
It is preferred to operate with the still or boiler under pressure of its
own vapour or that of steam blown into it. The distillation of the
liquors with the carbonate or carbonates of lime and magnesia may be
continued to dryness, but it is preferred to stop the distillation before
dryness is reached, and to add some lime in order to drive off any
ammonia that may have remained in the still.
The proportions of the herein-before mentioned substances used corrc-
spond with their chemical equivalents, but in order to operate with the
process most advantageously it is necessary to use quantities of the
carbonates of lime or magnesia, or both, in excess of those equivalents,
that is to say, for every seventeen parts of ammonia contained in the
said solution in the state of muriate of ammonia, it is desirable to use at
least seventy parts of carbonate of lime, or eighty parts of carbonate of
magnesia when the latter is used; or when a mixture of the carbonates is
used the number of parts may vary according to the proportions of the
mixture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on 2
the 9th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victorin, by Her 3
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the 36th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Young, Her special license, that I, the
said James Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such a

page_text: others as I, the said James Young, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIQUORS CONTAINING
AMMONIACAL COMPOUNDS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Young, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Young, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
In the manufacture of bicarbonate or carbonate of soda by what is
known as the "ammonia process" by the decomposition of common salt
with ammonia and carbonic acid set forth in my Specification,
No. 2558, A.D. 1871, liquors containing compounds of ammonia are
produced. The present Invention has for its object to obtain from the
said liquors ammonia in combination or admixture with carbonic acid.
In carrying the Invention into practice, the liquors containing the
compounds of ammonia are placed in a still or boiler and mixed with
powdered carbonate of lime or carbonate of magnesia, or with mixtures
or compounds of these carbonates. The still or boiler containing the
liquors and carbonate or carbonates is heated by fire or steam, the result
of which is that there distills over together with the vapour of water
ammonia mixed or combined with carbonic acid.
The distillate is cooled by passing it through a condenser and
collected in any suitable vessel. It is preferred however to receive the
distillate in the decomposing vessel of the apparatus containing the salt
to be used for producing bicarbonate or carbonate of soda.
It is preferred to operate with the still or boiler at atmospheric
pressure. The distillation of the liquors with the carbonate or car-
bonates of lime and magnesia may be continued to dryness, but it is

page_text: preferred to stop the distillation before dryness is reached, and to add
some lime in order to drive off any ammonia that may have remained in
the still.
The quantity of lime required may be ascertained after the liquor has
been treated with carbonate of lime until ammonia has nearly ceased to
come off by taking a sample of the mixture out of the still, and then
ascertaining by ordinary methods the amount of residual ammonia in
the sample. In practice I find that by adding lime chemically equi-
valent to of the ammonia in the original mixture that quantity is
sufficient to effect the object sought.
The proportions of the herein-before mentioned substances used corrc-
spond with their chemical equivalents; but in order to operate with the
process most advantageously it is necessary to use quantities of the
carbonates of lime or maguesia, or both, in excess of those equivalents,
that is to say, for every 17 parts of ammonia contained in the said
solution in the state of muriate of ammonia it is desirable to use at
least 70 parts of carbonate of lime, or 50 parts of carbonate of magnesia,
when the latter is used; or when a mixture of the carbonates such as
dolomite is used the number of parts may vary according to the pro-
portions of the mixture.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which
the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is, treating the ammoniacal liquors resulting
from the manufacture of bicarbonate or carbonate of soda with carbonate
of lime or carbonate of magnesia in order to obtain ammonia in com-
bination or admixture with carbonic acid as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Young, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of April One thousand eight
tundwad and seventy-three.