IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR I REPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF HEMP, JUTE, FLAX, AND OTHER LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, and
Robert Irvine, all of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
I REPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE
SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF HEMP, JUTE, FLAX, AND OTHER LIKE FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 30th November 1869, and dated the 2nd June 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Vair Turnbull,
Christian Salvesen, and Robert Irvine, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd June 1869.
We, GEORGE VAIR TURNBULL, CHRISTIAN SALVESEN, and ROBERT
IRVINE, all of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE
APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF HEMP, JUTE, FLAX, AND OTHER
LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture and employment of a
mixture or compound composed of the heavy oil obtained from the

page_text: distillation of shales, cannel coal, or petroleum (and commonly known
as heavy oil, blue oil, or green oil), cither in a crude state as known in
the market by those names, or purified in conjunction with rosin, for
the purpose of preparing certain fibres such as jute, hemp, and flax for
heckling or spinning.
In carrying out our Invention we employ the mixture or compound
in the following manner:-We take a certain proportion of the heavy
oil above mentioned and subject the same to heat in any suitable vessel,
and when so hented we add to it resin or other suitable substances, such
as gum; thus in various proportions which are dissolved in the same,
and the result is an oil holding rosin, resins, or other of the before-
mentioned substances in solution.
In applying the said compound or mixture so manufactured, we mix
it with water holding ammonia in solution in various proportions for the
purpose of obtaining an emulsion or soapy mixture, which has the
property of suspending the heavy oil in the said mixture, and the
emulsion so formed enables the jute, flax, or hemp treated therewith to
be heckled or spun in the same manner as if whale, cod, seal, or other
oils of a similar nature had been used, as has commonly been done.for
this purpose.
We prefer to employ about the following proportion of the material
or materials in the preparation of our new spinning oil, namely, about
eight parts of the heavy oil before mentioned, and about one part of
rosin (resins), or any of the other before-mentioned substances; but we
do not confine ourselves to these proportions.
In the preparation of the emulsion before mentioned, we have found
that the following proportions give good results, viz., about one part
measure of the before-mentioned oil or oils, for example, the heavy oil
and resin mixed with from about four to twelve parts by measure of
water holding ammonia or any of its alkaline compounds, in the
proportion of about from 5 to 20 per cent. in solution.
We also propose to employ the mixture first described, viz., the heavy
oil and resin, or any of the other substances dissolved therein in certain
cases wherein. the above-named emulsion could not advantageously
be used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, and
Robert Irvine, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st December
1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
VAIR TURNBULL, CHRISTIAN SALVESEN, and ROBERT IRVINE, all of
Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her'
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the 32nd year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said George Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, and Robert
Irvine, Her special license that we, the said George Vair Turnbull,
Christian Salvesen, and Robert Irvine, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Vair Turnbull,
Christian Salvesen, and Robert Irvine, our executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF.
THE SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF HEMP, JUTE, FLAX, AND OTHER LIKE FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
George Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, and Robert Irvine, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and scal of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar.
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Vair Turnbull, Christian
Salvesen, and Robert Irvine, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture and employment of a

page_text: mixture or compound composed of the heavy oil obtained from the
distillation of shales, cannel coal, or petroleum, and commonly known
as heavy oil, blue oil, or green oil, either in a crude state, as known in
the market by those names, or purified in conjunction with rosin, for
the purpose of preparing certain fibres, such as jute, hemp, and flax,
for heckling and spinning. ■
In carrying out our Invention, we employ the mixture or compound
in the following manner-We take a certain proportion of the heavy
oil above mentioned and subject the same to heat in any suitable vessel,
and when so heated, we add to it rosin or other suitable substances, such
as gum, thus in various proportions which are dissolved in the same,
and the result is an oil holding rosin, resins, or other of the before-
mentioned substances in solution.
In applying the said compound or mixture so manufactured, we mix
it with water holding potash, soda, or ammonia in solution in various
proportions, for the purpose of obtaining an emulsion or soapy mixture,
which has the property of suspending the heavy oil in the said mixture,
and this emulsion so formed enables the jute, flax, or hemp treated
therewith to be heckled or spun in the same manner as if whale, cod,
scal, or other oils of a similar nature had been used, as has commonly
been done for this purpose.
We prefer to employ about the following proportions of the material
or materials in the preparation of our new spinning oil, namely, about
eight parts of the heavy oil before mentioned, and about one part of
rosin (resins) or any of the other before-mentioned substances; but we
do not confine ourselves to these proportions.
In the preparation of the emulsion before mentioned we have found
that the following proportions give good results, viz., about one part by
measure of the before-mentioned oil or oils, such, for example, as the
heavy oil and resin mixed with from about four to twelve parts by
measure of water holding potash, soda, or ammonia, or any of their
alkaline compounds, in the proportion of about from five to twenty per
cent. in solution, less or more.
We find it advantageous to apply our said Invention more particularly
to jute spinning in manner following: -We dissolve one pound of, say,
carbonate or crystals of soda in ninety pounds of water, with ten pounds
of oil prepared as herein-before stated, either previously mixed into an
emulsion, and so applied directly to the fibres, as in the system usually

page_text: employed in the batching of jute or hemp, or we may allow the water,
soda, and oil to drop, or be sprinkled over the fibre in separate portions,
as is now in some cases done with whale oil and water, as in machine
batching.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that what we
consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
the preparation of lubricants or softeners in the manner herein-before
described, and the application of the same to the treatment of jute,
hemp, flax, and other like fibrous materials for the purpose of softening
such and similar fibrous materials.
In witness whereof, we the said George Vair Turnbull and Robert
Irvine, on behalf of ourselves and the said Christian Salvesen,
have to this our Specification set our hands and scals, this
Twenty-sixth day of November One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine.
GEO. V. TURNBULL. (L.s.)
ROBERT IRVINE.
(L.S.)