Improvements in Gas Burners for Incandescent Lighting.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1896-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas Burners for Incandescent Lighting.
I, ADOLF MARTINI of Nos. 31/32 Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the German
Empire, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and'
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in burners for incandescent lighting, and
has for its object to produce a flame of higher temperature in which there is perfect.
combustion and by which, owing to its peculiar shape and to perfect and rapid
combustion, the mantle is more uniformly heated and consequently its life is
prolonged to the utmost limit.
My invention has for its further object the utilization of gas rich in carbon,
such as petroleum vapour, which it is impossible to perfectly burn in the usual
burners and by the evolution of greater heat of flame to utilize a mantle of less
fragile and more durable materials than it is possible at present to employ.
I attain the object of my invention by providing for the intimate admixture of
the particles of gas and air in mixing chambers; and for the admission of air at a
number of points in the path of the mixture to the burner; by providing for the
admission of air, to effect combustion, from within and without and by providing
a number of surfaces to the flame in issuing from the burner for the greater contact
of air.
.
In carrying my invention into effect I arrange my burner as a tube into which
the gas is admitted by means of a nozzle projecting therein, the influx of gas
through which induces a flow of air into the tube_through holes provided around.
that portion of the tube adjacent to the nozzle. The air and gas thus admitted.
are deflected by the velocity of influx against an impact plate, which assists in the
admixture of the particles of one with those of the other, and upon this pláte I
provide a series of tubes which convey the mixture of gas and air to a second
chamber which is generally of an annular form and is provided upon its outer
aperture with wire, gauze or a series of perforations through which the air and gas
issue in jets and are ignited producing a flame.
For the more intimate admixture of the particles of gas and air, I provide two
or more mixing chambers intermediate of the first admission tube or chamber and
the burner chamber, such mixing chambers being connected together by means of a
series of tubes through which the air and gas may pass, one series of tubes being.
placed out of alignment with the other.
Air is admitted for the combustion of the flame from without through the spaces
between the connecting tubes, and passes within the aperture of the annular.
burner, while at the same time passes upon the exterior so that both the exterior.
and interior surfaces of the flame are in contact with air, which, upon the chimney
being placed on the gallery of the lamp, rushes through and effects the perfect and
rapid combustion of the products in the flame. The currents of air passing to the
flame from the inner aperture of the burner tend to force out the flame against the
interior of the surrounding mantle; and the apertures upon the burner may be so
disposed and formed as to afford a greater surface of contact for the air issuing
from the inner aperture of the burner in which case this effect is enhanced.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings-
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a lamp burner made in accordance with iny

page_text: Figure 2 is a part sectional, elevation of a constructional modification in which
an intermediate mixing chamber is employed.
Figure 3 is an elevation of a constructional modification in which the burner is
provided as a number of circularly disposed tubes of triangular section, while .
Figure 4 is a plan thereof.
Figure 5 is an elevation of a construction similar to that shown in Figure 2, in
which intermediate air admission holes, however, are provided in the connecting
tubes.
'
I provide a tube d at the extremity of which a nozzle m is secured for the
admission of gas, and holes s are provided for the admission of air while a regulator
is provided as a ring having corresponding holes to those formed at the extremity
of the tube so that the air supply may be cut off in such cases as when a nautle is
destroyed and it is required to instantly obtain a luminous flame.
A mixture of gas and air passes up through the tube and impinges against an
impact plate h upon which is provided a circular series of tubes 6 through which
gas and air may pass into the annular chamber a upon the circular annular aperture
of which is provided a gauze or a series of holes for the issue of gas and air to
form the flame.
As shown in Figures 2 and 5 I may provide for the more intimate admixture of
gas and air by employing an intermediate mixing chamber i or mixing chambers,
and as shown in the latter figure I inay provide intermediate air admission holes b
in the connecting tubes 6 for a greater admixture of air.
I provide a ring e upon the burner when it is desired to produce a luminous or
Argand flame by the non-admission of air with the gas to be burnt: such ring
serves as an impact or diverting surface for the flame.
I provide a cap vor v1 (Figures 1 and 2) upon the hole or aperture of the
annular burner, in which small holes are provided for the admission of air required
to feed the flame upon its inner face: such cap serves to support the mantle by
means of a pin or carrier screwed at the centre of the cap, at the upper extremity
of which the mantle is secured.
I may however support the mantle by means of a rod passing through the inner
aperture of the burner and secured upon the plate in which case I may dispense
with the supporting cap v.
As shown in Figures 3 and 4 1 may provide my burner as a number of circularly
disposed tubes of triangular shape, which by the shape given to the flame on
issuing therefrom afford a greater surface of contact for air from the inner aperture
of the burner, so that perfect combustion is effected, while at the same time the.
flame is driven against the interior surface of the mantle.
I do not confine my self to any number, shape or disposition of burner tubes as
these I may vary according to requirement or design, but in all cases I provide an
interior as well as an exterior admission of air to the flame.
I may provide immediately below the central aperture of the annular burner a
small air propeller for producing a greater current of air than that induced by the
chimney when such is inadequate.
I may provide a series of two or more annular burners when a large flame is
required, the one within the other: in which case I provide an intermediate
annular space for the admission of the air to feed the interior face of the flame of
the exterior buruer, and the exterior face of the flame of the interior burner, and I
preferably arrange süch burners in such a way that the inner one may be at à
slighter elevation than its neighbour or that one may receive a mixture containing
more or less air than the other. By such means a flame is produced capable of
uniformly heating the mantle and so preventing the possibility. of premature
breaking.
In some cases I provide a small collecting hood immediately above the flame and
mantle through which heated air rushes into a gradually contracting thin pipe,
which is diverted and carried down upon the exterior of the chimney, glass and
passed underneath the inner aperture of the annular burner with its nozzlē

page_text: extremity upwardly diverted. By such means a rapidly issuing jet is produced
which heats the current of air rushing up to feed the flame and induces a current
of greater velocity.
By such improvements I am enabled to produce a flame that shall have the
greatest intensity of heat due to complete and rapid combustion, and thus I am
able to utilize the vapours of heavy oils rich in carbon and mantles of less fragility,
of materials that can only be rendered incandescent by the application of great
heat and to produce a flame that will be of an uniform intensity so that premature
breaking of an ordinary fragile mantle, owing to local intense heating is avoided,
while at the same time I am enabled when an incandescent light is not required or
when the mantle is broken, to produce an Argand flame by the mere operation of
turning the regulating ring.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is-
1. In lamps for incandescent lighting, the provision of a burner in which a non-
luminous flame is produced which is fed by air from within and without the burner
to effect rapid and complete combustion, to attain high and uniform temperature
and to effect the dispersion of the flame into the surrounding mantle by the influx
of air from the central aperture such flame capable of being converted into an
Argand flame by the non-admixture of air with the gas to be burned: substantially
as herein described.
2. In lamps for incandescent lighting in which a non-luminous flame is produced,
the arrangement of a series of jets fed by air from a central air inlet and from the
exterior of the burner for the purpose of producing the maximum of surface contact
of the air with the flame substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In lamps for incandescent lighting, the provision of mixing chambers inter-
mediate of the admission tube and burner substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
4. In lamps for incandescent lighting, the provision of additional air inlets at
intervals in the course of the air and gas to the burner, substantially 'as and for the
purpose herein before described.
5. In lamps for incandescent lighting as described in the first claim, a burner in
the inner air admission aperture of which is secured a cap which may be perforated
and which supports the mantle carrier substantially as described.
6. In lamps for incandescent lighting the provision in combination, of mixing
chambers and supplementary air inlets, intermediate of the admission tube and
burner, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
7. The improvements in burners of lamps for incandescent lighting substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
This och 1
1000
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.