matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1870

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by Daniel Harrison Lowry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 19th August 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, BE IT KNOWN, that I,
DANIEL HARRISON LOWRY, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester,
having discovered a certain new and useful Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID," do hereby declare the
following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same (that
is to say) :-
This my said Invention has for its object the effecting of considerable
saving in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, and consists in introducing
a current of atmospheric air into all or any portion of the chambers,
tunnels, and towers, and in some cases into the " burners," or any part
thereof by the aid of a jet or jets of steam for the purpose of oxydising
and thereby securing a large saving of the nitrate of soda. The currents.
of atmospheric air I introduce into the chambers, tunnels, towers, and
burners by means of trumpet-mouthed openings having a jet of steam
issuing from a small pipe in centre of the orifice. The open end of the

page_text: steam pipe may be a little in front of the trumpet-mouthed opening,
or it may project inwards. The effect of this arrangement is that a
current of atmospheric air rushes through the orifice into the chamber
or other portion of the apparatus to which it may be applied.
Having now [fully declared the nature of this my said Invention,
and the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into
practical effect, I wish it to be understood that the volume of the jets
of steam, or the sizes of the orifices through the centre of which the
jet of steam passes may be varied to meet circumstances as will be
readily understood by all practical persons; but what I claim as new
and my Invention is, generating and introducing currents of atmospheric
air by the aid of jets of steam into the chambers, tunnels, towers, and
"burners "used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Harrison Lowry, have here-
unto set my hand and affixed my seal, this Eighteenth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
DANIEL HARRISON LOWRY. (L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES, AND IN CONNECTING THE SAME WITH ROAD STEAMERS OR TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Thomson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th February 1870.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM THOMSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES, AND IN
CONNECTING THE SAME WITH ROAD STEAMERS OR TRACTION ENGINES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to obtain an improved arrangement
of omnibus to be propelled by steam power on common roads, and it
consists in mounting the omnibus on a single pair of wheels, which are
by preference situated at about the middle of the omnibus' length,
and in connecting the front end of the omnibus to the back of the
road steamer or traction engine by a bar and a hinge which admit of
the road steamer freely turning to the right or left when going round

page_text: curves or corners, and which allow of only a limited vertical movement
between the road steamer and omnibus. The vertical movement may
be conveniently provided for by making the connecting bar to consist
of a strong spring, or by applying a spring or springs at the point or
points of attachment.
IMPROVED MEANS OF SUPPLYING BOILERS WITH WATER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Jackson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1870.
I, ARTHUR JACKSON, of Loman Street, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF SUPPLYING BOILERS WITH WATER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to supply boilers with water by gravi-
tation, thereby dispensing with pumps, injectors, or other appliances
usually employed.
The Invention consists in fitting on the top of a boiler or in con-
nection with the boiler a vessel, so that the whole or at least some part
of the chamber should be above the water line in the boiler, from which
chamber the supply for the boiler is to be taken. Pipes fitted with taps
or valves are in connection with the vessel and the boiler, and also other
pipes leading from the main supply of water to the vessel. When the
boiler requires feeding the pipe leading from the vessel to the lower part
of the boiler is opened and the water will flow down the pipe into it,
steam being admitted to the vessel at the same time from the boiler to

page_text: fill the space left by the water. The chamber is filled again either by.
water flowing into it from above or by water drawn into it by means of
the vacuum formed by the condensation of the steam or otherwise, the
necessary taps or valves being opened and shut to admit of such being
done.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY SWITCHES AND SIGNALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mortimer Heppel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1870.
I, JOHN MORTIMER HEPPEL, of No. 2,, Storey's Gate, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY SWITCHES
AND SIGNALS," to be as follows: --
My Invention has reference to the arrangement of a lever so connected
to the rod that actuates the switch or signal that by putting the lever
over to the one position or the other it effects the locking of the
switch or signal in the position into which it has been moved by the
lever.
For this purpose in one arrangement the lever is made to turn upon
a fixed pin as a fulcrum, and has projecting therefrom two arms with
studs working in the slotted or forked ends of two links hinged on
opposite sides of the lever to the rod that actuates the switch or signal.
When in the one extreme position the one stud of the lever lies in a
line with the switch rod or nearly so, as also does the corresponding link

page_text: of the latter, and the stud being then situated close against the bottom
of the fork of the link the switch rod is locked in such position. In
moving the lever over into the opposite position the before mentioned
stud raises the link from the horizontal position, while the second stud,
which with its corresponding link was before in a raised position, now
depresses its link and thereby pushes over the switch rod into the
opposite position until the stud and the link both lie in a line with
the switch rod or nearly so, when the latter will be locked as before.
Instead of fixing the studs on the lever as described they may be fixed
on the links and the slots formed in the lever, or the lever may be secured
to the links without play, and the requisite play allowed in the connection
of the links with the switch or signal rod.
In another modification the switch rod has two fingers or projections
some distance apart, between which is situated the switch lever having
two cam surfaces or arms, which bear (with or without antifriction
rollers) against the sides of the fingers. The cams or arms are formed
at such angles to the switch lever that when this is in the one position
or the other the one or other cam or arm lies in a line with the switch
rod or nearly so, and thus locks this in its position, while in moving
over the lever the other cam or arm in bearing against the other finger
of the rod pushes the latter over into the opposite position and locks it
in such position. The switch or signal lever may either be worked
directly by hand or through the intervention of long connecting rods
with or without gearing and mechanism, such as is now employed for
working and locking switches and signals in conjunction from a central
point.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CUTTING LEATHER FOR THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Willis and James Southall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th February 1870.
We, JOHN WILLIS and JAMES SOUTHALL, both of the Upper Market,
in the City of Norwich, Boot and Shoe Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF CUTTING
LEATHER FOR THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows :-
In the ordinary way of cutting the sole pieco of boots and shoes it is
made with the tread and heel portion from one piece of leather intact,
and the heel proper is afterwards made or built up with additional
pieces to the required height. The top or outside piece of the heel is of
necessity composed of a piece of leather of a superior quality to the
other pieces to resist the wear and tear consequent upon walking. By
this means there are two pieces of leather of superior quality in the
heel, viz., one on the heel portion of the sole, and the other on the
top or outside. This really is not necessary, as the heel portion of the
sole piece may be composed of an inferior piece of leather or other
material without detriment to the wear of the article. Now in order to

page_text: economize the heel portion of the sole leather and to dispense with the
additional top piece as at present used, which increases the cost both to
the manufacturer and to the consumer, we according to our Invention cut
or remove a sufficient portion of the heel part from the sole piece either
by hand or by suitable cutters or dies, and we employ the cut away
piece as the outside or top piece of the heel. The space formed by the
removal of this piece may be filled up with an inferior piece or pieces of
leather or with any other material found suitablo. There is ample stuff left
round the edge of the hcel portion to enable the sole piece to bo secured
to the upper leather by sewing or otherwise. When we prepare the sole
piece-for-sale to boot makers in the ordinary way we do not remove the
heel piece entirely from the sole, but leave it connected at one or more
points so that it can be removed at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PLAITING AND SEWING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS FOR SHIRT FRONTS OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pennington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1870.
I, WILLIAM PENNINGTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PLAITING AND SEWING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS FOR SHIRT FRONTS
OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,-
:-
Firstly. Of an apparatus so arranged as to mark or crease simultaneously
any required number of wide or narrow plaits (or both) according as it
may be set.
And, secondly. Of a slight alteration or improvement in the "presser
foot" of the sewing machine to facilitate the sewing or stitching of such
plaits.
The plaiting or creasing apparatus consists mainly of a plate of metal
or other suitable material in which a number of small V-shaped grooves
are cut or formed close together (say about one-sixteenth of an inch
apart). In connection with this I have a rod or bar of metal, upon

page_text: which are arranged a series of tongues or creasers, of metal or other
suitable material, which are capable of adjustment laterally and are
provided with set screws for holding them in position on the bar when
adjusted to the required distances, according to the number and width
of the plaits or creases desired. The ends of these tongues or creasers i
lie in the respective grooves opposite to which they have been set, and
the amount of pressure or tension which they exert is regulated by means
of set screws passing through a second bar and bearing on the upper
part of the creasers. The linen or other material to be plaited or creased
is passed over the grooved plate and between it and the creasers, and
the latter wherever they occur press the fabric into the grooves and form
a series of parallel plaits or creases at certain distances apart according
to the number and position of the creasers, which can be varied and set
at pleasure to suit any required number and width of plaits.
The plaits being thus marked and creased are stitched in an ordinary
sewing machine by means of any suitable arrangement of tucking
guide.
In stitching these plaits afterwards in the sewing machine I have found
that where very narrow plaits are made quite close together there is a
great difficulty in causing the machine to feed perfectly straight, owing
to the fact there are four thicknesses of material under one side of
the presser foot, whilst there are only two thicknesses of the same under
the foot on the other side of the needle hole, and hence it has a tendency
to feed unevenly; and in order to remedy this defect I file away or
remove a slight portion of the surface of the glass plate of the pressure a
foot on the side furthest from the tucking guide, so as to allow for
double the thickness of fabric on that side, and hence to equalize the
pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HACKLES OF HACKLING MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF Flax, Hemp, JotE, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Emerson Priestley
and James Forsythe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd September 1870.
We, WILLIAM JOHN EMERSON PRIESTLEY, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager, and JAMES FORSYTHE, of the same
Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HACKLES OF HACKLING MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE
PREPARATION OF Flax, Hemp, JotE, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to the hackles or heckles employed in the
dressing of fibrous materials, as for example, of flax, such hackles
consisting of stocks or bars in which gills or pointed pins are inserted,
the manner of using the said hackles being well understood. In the
hackles as hitherto made the said pins are fixed in the stocks in such
a manner in each case as that the said pins have projected from the
stock at an angle of about ninety degrees with the face of the said stock,
that is to say, it has been the intention that the said pins should be at
right angles with the face or surface from which they project and with

page_text: the direction of motion when the hackle has been moving in a straight
line when in operation. When making the said hackles in manner
according with our Invention, we cause the said pins to project from
the face of the said stock at an obtuse angle with the said face, so that
when the said hackles are in operation and are moving downwards the
said pins project in an upward direction. We have found the said
hackles with their pins inclined as aforesaid to act upon the strick of
flax in a superior manner as compared with the action of ordinary
hackles, the fibres not being broken to the same extent, whereby a
lesser proportion of tow is produced,-and-also-we have found that the
said tow is not so liable to accumulate on the said hackles and is more
readily removed therefrom than in the case of the ordinary hackles.
The angle of inclination of the said pins which we have found to be
suitable is an angle of about one hundred and twenty degrees with the
main portion of the face of the stock, from which face the said pins
project, but the said angle may be varied as desired or found to be
suitable so long as the said gills or pins are intentionally inclined from
the said angle of ninety degrees with the face of the stock in the direction
herein-before indicated, or so long as the said stock is so modified in
form or so attached to the sheet or is so otherwise fitted, as that the said
gills or pins when operating on the strick of flax or other fibrous
material shall have the inclination with respect to the line of motion of
the sheet or hackles as herein-before indicated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER VALVES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hind and George Wells
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st May 1870.
We, HENRY HIND, of the Town and County of the Town of Not-
tingham, Engineer and Tool Manufacturer, and GEORGE WELLS, also
of the said Town, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER VALVES," to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate more particularly to equilibrium, friction-
less, and rotating valves for employment in steam, air, gas, or other.
fluid.
•
In this valve, constructed according to our Invention, an equal
pressure is obtained by a very simple addition to the common valve,
and by preference we give the valve a circular form of such required
depth and length as may be necessary to cover ports as are now used in
ordinary steam valves. The valve will when in a complete state form
a circle, and steam may be admitted into its centre from the top or
bottom part thereof, as may be required, and from thence by two

page_text: openings or ports into the ends of the cylinder alternately, thus giving
motion to the piston, as at present.
The exhaust steam or vapour is passed through a chamber in circular
valves similar to the means heretofore adopted in plain or surface
valves.
We propose to make this our valve parallel, cone, or other shaped,
with adjusting screws to regulate its position, as may be required.
We purpose to apply this valve in the double capacity of beater or
expansion valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH FURNACES FOR BOILERS, EVAPORATING VESSELS, AND STILLS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nedrick Jarvie, William Miller,
and William Calderwood at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th November 1870.
We, NEDRICK JARVIE, WILLIAM MILLER, and WILLIAM CALDERWOOD,
all of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED
WITH FURNACES FOR BOILERS, EVAPORATING VESSELS, AND STILLS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improved arrangements in or connected with
furnaces for boilers, evaporating vessels, and stills, whereby fuel is largely
economised. And it consists in constructing or arranging the furnace
bridge and the flues leading from the furnace, so as to compel the fire
gases to traverse more closely in contact with the surface of the boiler,
evaporating vessel, or still than they do in existing arrangements.
Thus in the case of an ordinary steam boiler with an internal furnace,
the bridge at the back or inner end of the furnace is shaped convexly, so
as to leave a narrow crescent shaped space only under the top of the flue
for the fire gases to pass over, and instead of the flue space dropping
immediately behind the bridge as in ordinary cases, the bottom of the

page_text: flue is continued at the height or nearly so of the top of the bridge along
to the back end of the boiler.
In new boilers the flue may be constructed of the crescent or other
narrow form in section, whilst in existing boilers with large internal
flues brickwork may be introduced to bring up the bottom of the flue to
the proper height, or water tubes or casings may be inserted for the same
purpose. The same alteration of the flue is obviously applicable in the
case of externally fired boilers, evaporating vessels or stills, and the
contraction of the flues in the manner described may be extended as far
along the flues as may be found advantageous in practice..
In cases where return flues are arranged to act on the sides of the
boiler or other vessel, inclined partitions or deflectors may be placed in
these flues to direct the fire gases or flames repeatedly against the sides.
of the boiler or vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REELING YARNS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Ziffer, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR REELING YARNS."
Sealed the 3rd February 1871, and dated the 17th August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Ziffer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the
17th August 1870.
I, FERDINAND ZIFFER, of Manchester, in the County: of Lancaster;
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REELING YARNS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the machinery employed in the reeling, of
yarns, that is to say, in the formation of the said yarns into hanks..
In the operation of reeling the yarn is wound upon a reel until a
hank containing a certain fixed number of yards of yarn is formed, a

page_text: number of such hanks being in process of formation simultaneously in
the same machine; and it is requisite that all the said hanks shall, as
nearly as is practically possible, contain the same number of yards of
yarn. During the formation of the several hanks an end of yarn will
occasionally break, and the attendant will have to stop the working of
the machine in order that the said end may be pieced; but as the said
breakage may not be immediately perceived, it often happens that the
reel makes several revolutions after the said breakage before the said
machine is stopped, and the hank, in the formation of which the said
breakage has occurred, will thus contain a fewer number of yards than
the remaining hanks which have been completed without the occurrance
of a breakage. Now, in order to lessen the formation of such short or
light hanks, I so construct or fit the reeling machine as that when an
end of yarn breaks the revolution of the reel shall cease immediately
afterwards without the necessity of any action on the part of the
attendant. For this purpose any suitable and known arrangement of
mechanism employed for a similar purpose in other machines than the
said reeling machines may be adapted to be employed, or suitable
mechanism may be specially devised for the said purpose, or the arrange-
ment of mechanism which I have found to be suitable to effect my
object may be employed, such arrangement acting in manner as follows:-
Each end of yarn is led through an eye in a loose metal piece before
passing to the reel, the said metal piece being sustained by the said yarn
so long as the said yarn remains unbroken, but on the said yarn breaking
the said metal piece falls down sufficiently to stop the vibrating motion
of a bar, and the stoppage of the said bar causes a part through which
motion is transmitted to the said bar to slide longitudinally on the axis
of motion of the said bar, such sliding movement being employed to
uncouple a clutch through which motion is transmitted to the reel, thus
effecting the stoppage of the revolution of the said reel. A break is or
may be caused to act on the reel by the said sliding movement in order
to effect the said stoppage more quickly.
4
IMPROVEMENTS IN for GAS METERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hermann Kromschroeder
and William Parmingter Randall at the Office of the Commissioners.
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th June 1870.
We, HENRY HERMANN KROMSCHROEDER, of No. 90, Camden Street,
Camden Town, Gas Engineer, and WILLIAM PARMINGTER RANDALL, of
No. 9, Dorset Street, Vauxhall Bridge Road, Gas Meter Maker, do
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
GAS METERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in
gas
meters.
In order to maintain a proper supply of water to the drum case of a
gas meter to compensate for the loss of water by evaporation we employ
a supply reservoir, and from the upper part of this reservoir we arrange
a pipe or passage into the drum case, and descending to or just below.
A funnel with a
the water line which it is desired to maintain.
descending tube is provided for filling the water reservoir, and as water
is poured into the reservoir it fills it nearly to the top, and then overflows
down the pipe or passage before mentioned into the drum case, and
when this is full up to the level of the mouth of the spout or passage by

page_text: which the gas enters, and which is at the desired water line, the surplus
water runs down the spout and escapes by an overflow plug hole provided
for the purpose. When the meter is in action and the water evaporates
until the end of the descending pipe or passage connecting the water
reservoir and drum case is uncovered, a small quantity of gas passes up
this pipe or passage, and the water descends to a corresponding extent
and enters the drum case by a small hole provided for the purpose below
the water level in the drum case until the end of the descending pipe or
passage is again covered. In this way the supply is kept up until the
water in the reservoir no longer stands sufficiently above the water level
in the drum case, and then a float in the reservoir falls and shuts the
passage by which the gas enters the meter. The stem of the float passes
out of the water reservoir by a tube, and to prevent water from the
reservoirs rising up this tube, and so overflowing before the meter is full,
a second valve is fixed on the stem of the float, which when the water in
the reservoir is sufficiently high to lift the float shuts against the lower
end of the tube through which the stem of the float passes, and so
prevents the escape of water in this direction.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR DOORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Walters at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1870.
-
I, PHILIP WALTERS, of Belgian Road, Balsall Heath, in the County
of Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR DOORS," to be as follows:-
66
My improvements in door locks consists in stamping the case all in
one piece, and in place of the old spring and tumbler to locking bolt I
put a revolving cylinder, also a roller or spring bolt which works on a
crank tail and scroll spring. The staple for bolts to shut in has a spring
which works with striker, and causes simultaneous action with spring
bolt, thereby reducing the friction.
As applied to railway carriage door fastenings I put the crank for
spring bolt on the spindle, and in the locking part a short bolt is placed,
which works with turn-down part of key so as to prevent the ordinary
square key from opening it.
In levered locks the revolving cylinder is introduced to cabinet, trunk,
11
r which one made two sided

page_text: My improvement in spindle to knobs consists in putting a two-sided
slot cut out of a solid wormed spindle, which has a wedge on neck of
knob to lock it when adjusted with a flange to rose to prevent it coming
out when screwed on door.
As applied to china I put a flange. to collar which runs up neck of
knob and is rivetted on both sides, by which means it never gives way
like the ordinary kind.
IMPROVED MEANS OR MACHINERY FOR INDIGO BLUE DYEING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Woodcock and James
Coulter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st November 1870.
Wе, JOSHUA WOODCOCK, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Dyer,
and JAMES COULTER, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR MACHINERY FOR
INDIGO BLUE DYEING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the means or process of dyeing textile fabrics
with indigo, and the improved means or machinery consist of a pair of
ripping or squeezing rollers mounted in suitable frames, and these
frames hinged in pedestals fixed to the "carve" or flange on each side
of the dye vat, cistern, or vessel, and in such manner as that the rollers
may be immersed in the dye liquor when in use.
Motion may be given
to these rollers by either hand or power. A rail or roller is also placed
across the vat or cistern so as to be immersed in the liquor and at a
suitable distance from and parallel to the rollers. The fabric to be dyed
is passed betwixt the rollers into the vat or vessel (where it becomes
cuttled or falls into folds), and the leading end being brought back under

page_text: and over the rail or roller is joined by stitching to the other end, forming
an endless fabric, whereby the motion through the liquor becomes con-
tinuous. A scray or grating is attached to the frame on each side of
the rollers to prevent the fabric rising to the surface of the liquor, the
one betwixt the rollers and the rail also serving to keep the fabric
straight in its passage through the liquor; the frames in which the
rollers are mounted being hinged enables them to be readily lifted out
of the liquor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUNTING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cathrinus Nicolay Arbo Collett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th April 1870.-A communication from abroad by Axel
Petersson, of Christiana, in Norway.
I, CATHRINUS NICOLAY ARBO COLLETT, late of Christiana, in Norway,
but now of 21, Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUNTING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
I construct a counting machine comprising the following parts :-
Keys moveable on a horizontal axle, one key for each number from 0
to 9; mechanism transferring the pressure from these keys to the dial
plates, so as to indicate the number corresponding with the key;
mechanism by which the tens and hundreds are transferred to the
succeeding numerical series. By pressure on one of the keys an arm is
lifted up, and the pressure will thus be communicated to an angle arm
and to an arm formed like a spiral; this arm comes in contact with a
spring, and would by the pressure of the spring be moved upward but is
prevented by a pin fastened in the other end of the last-named arm;

page_text: this pin is in contact with another pin fastened to the stopper, and as
soon as these pins have passed each other the arm will be moved upward
but stopped in movement by the pins fastened in the up going ends of
the keys. The passing of the pins places a cog segment fastened on the
spiral arm in gear with another cog wheel, giving it rotation, which
movement is transferred to the dial plates. A feather presses the angle
arm to the arm first herein named; this feather also effects the move-
ment of the spiral arm back to its original position. When adding up
with this counter it is necessary, as in adding up generally, to add the
vertical series step by step. The tens obtained by adding the units
must be added to the next serios, which is the lens. To this end a
simple combination of a cog segment and a bar wheel is adopted, which
after the adding up of a numeral series by pressure on the zero keys
transfers the obtained tens and hundreds to the next numeral series as
units and tens. By pressing once more on the zero key the counter 1
will display the zero numbers on the dial plates, and a new addition can
be commenced independently from the preceding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Mason, of Erdington, near Birmingham,
and Alexander Parkes, of Gravelly Hill, near Birmingham, both.
in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL."
Sealed the 10th September 1870, and dated the 21st July 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Mason and
Alexander Parkes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st July 1870.
We, JOSIAH MASON, of Erdington, near Birmingham, and ALEX-
ANDER PARKES, of Gravelly Hill, near Birmingham, both in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as follows:-
Heretofore the chlorides of the alkalies, earths, and metals have been
employed for separating sulphur and phosphorus from cast iron, either

page_text: by adding them to the materials in the blast furnace or to the iron
whilst being puddled, but by reason of the other impurities in the iron
not having been previously separated the employment of such chlorides
was only to a slight extent beneficial.
According to our Invention we manufacture steel by melting together
a mixture of wrought iron, carbon, and either one or more of the
chlorides of alkalies, earths, or metals (or combinations capable by their
union of producing such chlorides) we also prefer to add a small pro-
portion of spiegel eisen to the mixture previous to melting.
We also improve the quality of steel by melting it with such chlorides
or materials capable by their union of producing such chlorides and
either with or without the addition of carbon.
We prefer to employ the chloride of manganese or sodium, but other
chlorides, such as of manganesium, aluminium, iron, or of other base
which is not prejudicial to steel may be employed.
For example, we employ lime or chalk with muriatic acid, or we
employ chloride of sodium or waste chloride or oxichloride of manganese,
with or without other matters, such as nitrate or chlorate compounds, or
we employ oxides of manganese and muriatic acid, or salt, or chloride,
or perchloride of iron, or red iron ore, or other ores of iron, with muriatic
acid, or salt, or other chloride; or we employ chloride of chromium; we
also, according to our Invention, employ the fluorides in a similar
way to the chlorides, or they may be employed together with the
chlorides.
Also according to our Invention in place of melting iron or steel
together with such chloride or fluoride compounds we force or inject
such compounds through the molten metal in order to separate from it
sulphur and phosphorus after the other impurities have for the most
part been removed, as, for example, when iron in a molten state has for
the most part been deprived of other impurities by forcing air through
it, the remaining sulphur and phosphorous may be then separated by
injecting into the iron chloride or fluoride compounds, and such purified
iron may subsequently be converted into steel by the addition of molten
spiegel eisen or other cast iron, as is now usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-INDICATING THERMOMETERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rothnie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1870.
I, GEORGE ROTHNIE, of 5, Cromwell Terrace, Upper Holloway, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-INDICATING THERMOMETERS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in making a thermometer when showing
any desired amount of heat or cold, work an alarm, indicator, or other
recorder by means of clectricity, and in the application of such means
as a tell-tale for hot houses, public, and other buildings or purposes, or
acting in connection with a suitable indicator for registering any desired
amount of heat or cold, or the maximum or minimum of heat or cold
during any desired period.
The improvements may be performed by using a tube of glass of any
desired length in a flattened coil shape giving four layers, or more or
less, of tube, the end being sealed or closed, and the top or other end
open, such coil being formed round a flat or other shaped piece of wood
or other convenient material as a scale, marked with degrees, to notify
the amount of heat at which the apparatus will balance, the inner coil

page_text: or part thereof is filled with spirit which occupies the scaled end and
fills about three-fourths of the coil or the upper layer or layers; mercury
is inserted on the top of the spirit and occupies nearly the remainder
of the space in the under or last layer. The coil may be affixed to the
wood scale or other centre, and this centre is balanced on an axis; to
the tubes or scale is affixed a moveable balance indicator which can be
fixed or set to any desired degree on the scale; on the bottom, sides, or top
are affixed two metal studs, pins, or plates. The scale or centre and
-coil-are-so-balanced-and-mounted by the axis on a suitable stand that
when the spirit is affected by the temperature the mercury is moved and
the balance is altered, so that the centre and coil fall, and may in case of
being too sensitive be received by suitable springs, said springs being
fixed in such a manner that they can be adjusted to give a light or heavy
pressure on the tube or scale as may be required. The coil after a slight
pressure on the springs causes one of the pins to put in contact the wires
of
any electrical machine which may ring an alarm or be made to move
any desired indicator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COKING AND DESULPHURISING THE COKE AFTER OBTAINING THE GASES, OILS, AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM COAL, AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fletcher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
May 1870.
I, JOHN FLETCHER, of 6, Bridgewater Street, Broughton Road, Salford,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN COKING AND DESULPHURISING THE COKE AFTER
OBTAINING THE GASES, OILS, AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM COAL, AND THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
:-
For this purpose coal to be distilled must be placed in retorts or
vessels usually employed in distillation, and heated externally, the lower
heat only is used for the separation of the oil, gases, and other liquids,
which system prevents the oil from being charred or deteriorated, and
thereby enables an increased quantity and superior quality to be
obtained.
My Invention is to lift the coal bodily out of the oil oven after the
oil, gases, and other matters have been expelled and place it in my
improved coking oven to coke and to desulphurise the coke and drive off

page_text: any remaining gas and other impurities, which pass away out of the top;
after which I lift the coke bodily out of the coking oven and place it in
the waggons to be removed away.
In coking, and to produce a superior quality of coke, I make use of a
dish, or pan, or trough placed at the bottom or sides of the coking oven 5
filled with water, and the steam arising off the water ascends through
the body of the coke by the action of its own heat upon the water, and
by so doing carries off all impurities out at the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIME KILNS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th March 1870. - A communication from abroad by Pierre
1
Jacques Gerbault Guichard, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIME KILNS,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of kiln, whereby the
heat evolved from the fuel may be more effectually employed, and an
economy of fuel thereby attained, and the process of calcining or
burning the limestone may be more profitably and regularly performed
than in kilns of the ordinary description. To this end the kiln instead
of being made oval is made oblong or rectangular with the corners
rounded slightly for the purpose of preventing the passage of too much
air up the corners of the kiln. The kilns is morcover divided into two
parts, consisting of upper and lower chambers. The lower part of the

page_text: under chamber forms a reservoir or space to contain the lime which has
been burned. This space occupies more than one-half of the whole
chamber. There are openings at bottom for withdrawing or discharging
the burnt lime, and these openings may be closed by suitable doors. On
the top of this burned lime the fuel for burning the next charge is
thrown in from openings above, and on this fuel limestone from the
upper chamber is allowed to fall until the lower chamber is filled to the
top. This part of the apparatus the Inventor calls "the laboratory,"
because it is here that the burning or calcining operation takes place.
When the lime in the laboratory is sufficiently burned some of the burnt
lime of the previous charges is withdrawn so as to make room for a
second charge. More fuel is then supplied and a second lot of lime is
drawn down from the upper chamber, which is called the heating
chamber, because the heat that arises from the laboratory passes up
through the lime contained therein, and heats it and prepares it for
subsequent calcination in the laboratory. Air to support the combustion
of the fuel passes up from the bottom through the previously burned
lime, and of course becomes heated in its passage. By arranging the
apparatus and process in this manner all the heat from the fuel is
utilized, and a more uniform temperature is maintained in the kiln.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DAMPING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1870.—A communication from abroad by Emile Welter,
of 39, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DAMPING WOVEN FABRICS," a communica-
tion to me from abroad by Emile Welter, of 39, Faubourg Saint Martin,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The new or improved apparatus the subject of this Invention is
composed of a basin or reservoir containing the water required for
damping the fabrics, a certain number of tubes placed along the entire
length of the basin dip into the water, other tubes abut against these
and are arranged perpendicularly to each other; a continuous jet of air,
of steam, or of gas passes through these tubes; the current of air where
these two tubes meet causes the water to rise in the first and drives it
along, producing a dew or gentle shower of broken water, which spreads
over the fabrics; the damping is thus effected in the most favorable

page_text: manner. The shower may be increased or lessened by means of cocks
and regulating hatch, against which the water is forcibly thrown; this
obstacle further divides the water and causes it to fall upon the fabric as
a sort of moist dust.
This Invention may be summed up as the application of an apparatus 5
in which compressed air, steam, or gas expanding of themselves or under
the action of a motor produce by insufflation or blowing a division of
the molecules of the water to project it in a fine shower upon the fabrics
to be damped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gordon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
January 1870.
I, JOHN GORDON, the younger, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of
yarns, consists in so arranging the machinery by which the fibres are
spun that the subsequent and separate process of winding from reels
or bobbins is avoided as well as the machinery at present used for
winding. The spinning frame or machine is provided with means for.
forming the yarns into cops or pirns as it comes from the flyers.
The Invention is carried into practice by leading the yarns from the
flyer to the spindle or pirn body or shank, according as the yarn is to
be built into a cop or pirn, and the revolving action of the spindle winds
up the yarn from the flyer, whilst the traverse or spiral laying on of
the yarn is produced by the rising and falling action of the frame or
board, by which the bobbins in existing machines are raised and lowered,

page_text: it being explained that the pirn or cop takes the place of the bobbins.
The different variations in speed required to efficiently carry out the
winding of the yarn into cops or pirns is effected by elliptical wheels or
their equivalents. The gradual lowering of the cops or pirns as they are
built, that is, the lowering action independent of the rising and lowering
for effecting the traverse is produced by means of a fluted shaft or long
pinion, driven from the retaining roller, which gears into a toothed wheel
having a long nut concentric with it, this nut having a right and left
hand screw, one at each end, into which rods connected to the elliptical
wheels or their equivalent and the "shifting, shaft" are passed, so that
as the nut is rotated in a right or left hand direction the vertical length
of the rods is increased or diminished as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wigg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1870.
I, CHARLES WIGG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Alkali
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists essentially in the employment of humid atmo-
spheric air, or atmospheric air and moisture as means for condensing
sulphurous acid gas into sulphuric acid. The said humid atmospheric
air or atmospheric air and moisture is or are admitted amongst or caused
to mix with the sulphurous acid gas or other gas or gases containing
sulphurous acid.
In practice it is preferred to cause a mild jet of air and steam, or a jet
of air induced by steam, to meet the sulphurous acid gas or gas or
gases containing sulphurous acid in a tunnel or chamber lined with
lead.