IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE PRODUCTION AND ORNA- MENTING OF FABRICS AND TISSUES GENERALLY, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE REGULATION OF OTHER MACHINERY, AND TO PURPOSES OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MATHEW
COCHRAN, of High Street, Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day
of February, in the thirteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs.
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Mathew Cochran, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said.
Mathew Cochran, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the
said Mathew Cochran, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE PRODUCTION AND ORNA-
MENTING OF FABRICS AND TISSUES GENERALLY, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO THE REGULATION OF OTHER MACHINERY, AND TO PURPOSES OF A
SIMILAR NATURE;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso re-
quiring that I, the said Mathew Cochran, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and shall
cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the dato of the said in part
recited Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Mathew Cochran, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by this present instrument in writing, as follows, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto attached, and to the letters and figures marked t
thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to certain novel arrangements of mechanism,
apparatus, or means for weaving and printing ornamental designs on various
fabrics, parts of which arrangements are applicable for the regulation of the
working of pumps or other apparatus for the supply of water to steam boilers,
and for other purposes of a similar nature, the said Invention having referenco
in several points to my Invention of "Certain Improvements in the Produc-
tion of Coloured Patterns or Designs on Warps of Carpets, Velvets, or other
Textile Materials, Parts of which Improvements are also applicable to the
Production of Coloured Patterns or Designs on Woven Fabrics or other
Plane Surfaces;" for which Letters Patent for Scotland, bearing date the
Twenty-ninth day of October, Eighteen hundred and forty-seven, have been
granted to me, the said Mathew Cochran, and consists,―
First, of an improved punching or perforating machine for producing
the perforated pattern cards or sheets used in Jacquard weaving, or for
other purposes to which the Jacquard principle is applied, as also for my
edge-card" machine.
$6
Second, of an improved Jacquard apparatus, having for its object economy'
in the original cost of such machines, together with a superior and more
accurate needle action.
Third, of a modification of Jacquard machine, or a substitute therefor, in
which the needles are acted upon by notched or indented cards set on edge,
instead of flat perforated cards.
Fourth, of a modification of my Jacquard printing machine, as described in
the Specification of the Patent to which I have herein-before referred, which
modification has for its object economy in construction and accuracy in
action, with the power of at once reading the design on the pattern, card,
or sheet itself in separate and detached colours in one continuous line of
needles.
Fifth, of an improved colour table, adapted to my Jacquard printing
machine.
Sixth, of a modification of the drop-needle arrangement of my Jacquard
apparatus, described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 2, wherein the
said apparatus is adopted for the regulation of the supply of feed water to steam
'

page_text: Sheet 4.
Seventh, of a self-adjusting or regulating power lever, in which, as the
resistance increases, the lever power increases in a like ratio.
And, in order that my said Invention may be readily understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the various Figures on the Sheets of Drawings here-
unto attached.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, is a complete front elevation of my
improved punching or card-cutting machine for cutting out or perforating the
cards, cloth, or other material to be employed in the production of the pattern
or device in Jacquard looms, or in other machinery where either the Jacquard
principle or my "edge card" arrangement is applicable.
Figure 2 is a corresponding side elevation of the machine. It consists of
two side standards A, A, each cast in two separate pieces, and bolted together
by flanges at B, B. The upper portions of these standards are slotted verti-
cally at C, to act as guides for the horizontal pressing bar D, each end cf
which is passed through the guiding slot C; and the projecting portions have
connecting rods E, E, jointed to them at F, F. The lower ends of these con-
necting rods are jointed at G to the two hand levers H, placed outside each of
the standards of the framing, and turning on fixed centres at I. These levers
project forward towards the side on which the attendant operator stands, and
are connected transversely by a rod at J, so as to move simultaneously when
employed in giving a vertical traverse to the presser bar. Immediately in
front of the presser bar is placed a vertical row of punches J', of the form
represented in Figures 3 and 4 of Sheet 1. These punches, the upper portions
of which are formed of thin flat metal, are guided at their lower ends by being
passed through a perforated bar of brass K, having slots or perforations of the
fineness of eight to the inch, or more or less, as may be found suitable in
practice. The upper or flat ends L of the punches are guided by the dents of
a metal reed M, on the back of which each punch rests by means of a notch N
cut out of its back edge, like the one in front at O. When any punch is
required to be brought into action, it is pushed off its support on the back of
the reed, and the front notch or angle O, being thrown forward, comes under
the action of the pressing bar, which is
of the hand levers previously described.
is placed a horizontal metal drum or
correspond accurately with the holes in the plate.
spindle fitted to turn in the two bearings Q in the standards of the framing,
beyond which the spindle projects to receive the friction cord pulley R and the
then brought down upon it by means
Beneath the perforated brass plate K
cylinder P, which is perforated to
This cylinder is loose on a

page_text: actuating ratchet wheel S. At T are two short brackets bolted to the inner
sides of the standards, and having projecting eyes with set screws U passing up
into the cylinder so as to hold it steady, and prevent it from turning. When
oil cloth or other material in sheets is to be used as the fabric out of which the
pattern holes are to be punched, it is wound upon or passed over the barrel V,
the shaft of which turns loosely in bearings in the top of the adjustable sup-
ports W. The dotted lines W' in Figure 2 represent tho material in the form
of an endless sheet passing round the barrel V, and round the cylinder P, and
beneath the brass plate K, through which the perforating ends of the punches
are passed. Thus, when such of the punches as are required to form the
particular portions of the pattern or device which are being cut are pushed off
their rest on the reed, the downward pressure of the bar D, acting on the front
angle O, causes them to pierce the sheet beneath in their passage through
into the holes in the upper surface of the barrel P, whilst such of the punches
as are not required to perforate are left behind, resting on. the reed by their
back notches. In order that the row of receiving apertures for the punches
in the barrel P may always exactly correspond with the row of punches, the
barrel remains immoveable, whilst the fabric to be punched is traversed over
it by the two end discs X, which are keyed on the spindle of the barrel, the
latter being made partially to revolve at each upward stroke of the hand levers
H. At Y a short slotted link is jointed to one of the hand levers, the slot
being fitted to the two pins Z fast in the link a, which is jointed at one end at
b, to a short crank lever carrying a ratchet catch c, working into the teeth of
the wheel S. As it is necessary that the spindle of the barrel P should turn a
certain determined distance at each upward stroke of the levers, the slot
movement in the connecting links is necessary, in order to allow of a con-
siderable amount of movement of the lever previous to the action of the catch
upon the wheel to turn it. Previous to putting the fabric in the machine to
be punched with the pattern holes, it is placed on a plate or board, and is
punched with a row of guiding side holes to correspond to the projecting pins
in the discs X, so that as the latter revolve they carry with them the fabric a
certain uniform distance at each movement. The design or pattern to be
"read in" to the machine in cutting out the pattern holes is to be placed in
any convenient position in front of the machine, and having a straight edge
placed across its face as a guide to the reader. The action of the machine is
then as follows:-The pattern sheet being placed for "reading in" with a
straight edge across the lines as a guide, the operator reads off the pattern
line by line, and, by means of a thin flat piece of metal, pushes off such of the
punches as correspond to the line of pattern upon which he is engaged. He

page_text: then brings down the pressing bar D, as before described, and causes the
dislodged punches to perforate the fabric beneath, whilst, by the upward
movement of the hand levers H, he traverses forward the punched fabric over
the cylinder P, in order to bring a fresh and unperforated portion beneath the
punches in readiness for punching another row, or portion of a row, of holes,
in accordance with the succeeding line of the pattern. Each line is in this
way "read in" and punched, until the whole design is read, and a length of
fabric is punched out sufficient to carry the whole of the pattern. It is obvious
that, although I have described and prefer to use a sheet or length of oil cloth,
or similar material, for punching out Jacquard patterns in this machine, yet the
ordinary cards, either of pasteboard, paper, or sheet metal, may be as readily
punched by it, the pattern being "read in" in the same way. The same
machine, fitted with square-ended punches, may be used in cutting out or
notching the cards or pattern guides used in my "edge card" machine, which
I have described in reference to Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings.
When applied for this purpose, the pattern is "read in" line by line, as before,
and the card being placed in a flat position beneath the punches, as many of
the latter are pushed off their bearing upon the reed as shall make up tho
length of cut necessary to include the whole of the colours on the first line of
pattern. Thus, if the sequence of the colours is black, blue, and red, as in the
plan of the single card shewn in Figure 5 on Sheet 1, in the first descent of
the punches as many are pushed off their bearings and brought down as will
cut out the space marked black. The second cut takes out the length
marked blue, and the third that marked red; but, as the noedles in the
Jacquard machine are to fall on the notched edge of the cards, it is obvious
that, although I have marked the three lines in Figure 5 black, blue, and red,
yet in each of these lines there may be contained a mixture of colours, as read
from the pattern, the needles passing down from one line to the other, until
they reach the colour intended. This description of the action of the machine
refers only to the use of a single row of punches; but if the extent of the tie
for any pattern requires more, the repetition of the action of these punches is
easily effected by making as many repeating strokes as may be necessary to fill
up the line of the pattern.
"
:
Figure 3 on Sheet 1 represents a side elevation of one of the punches as
pressed down to make a perforation, and Figure 4 shews the same in its
position as "dressed up to rest upon the reed by the upward action of the
presser bar D upon its curved or inclined top. When the punch is to be
brought down again to give the succeeding impression, the presser bar D is

page_text: lowered a short distance, in order to clear it from the top of the punch, to
allow of the latter being pushed off its bearing, as before described.
My improved Jacquard apparatus, referred to under the second head of my
Invention, is to be described in connection with Figures 1, 2, 8, 4, and 5, on
Sheet 2 of my Drawings.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus, with four rows of needles.
Figure 2 is a corresponding end elevation, looking on the draught plates, and
Figure 8 is a plan of the same. The framing is composed of the two side
standards A, A, upon which are bolted the upper standards B, B, for carrying
the guides for the horizontal draught needles C, C, working the vertical drop
needles D, D, represented in dotted lines in Figure 1. In the centre of the
machine, and immediately beneath the rows of drop needles D, is placed a
cylinder E, having upon its periphery a series of longitudinal blades F, F,
running from end to end, so as to form a series of spaces, into which the
drop needles D pass when in action, the blades being set at such a distance
asunder as shall correspond with the scale or arrangement of the needles.
This cylinder revolves loosely in two end bearings, and is fitted at each end
with a disc or flange-piece G, corresponding to the contour of the series of
blades, and having in its periphery a series of guide studs or pins H, by which
the pattern cards, sheets, or other pattern surfaces I, employed in producing
the design, are carried round with it as it revolves. The lengths of pattern
sheets or surfaces I are kept in a state of tension by means of weights J, J,
acting on the discs or pulleys on the shafts of the two rollers K on which the
sheets are wound, being passed from one to the other in the direction of the
arrows as the formation of the design proceeds. Immediately above the
cylinder E, and supported on the side standards, are placed two brass plates
L, L, about two inches asunder, and perforated according to the scale of
distances of the vertical drop needles D, and for which they answer as
guides.
The detail, Figure 4, on Sheet 2, represents a full-sized front elevation of
three of these needles in three different rows. They are rolled flat from a to
6, and through the top a hole is drilled to admit the horizontal draught
needle C. Each of the latter needles has a catch hook M at one end, and the
other, being first passed through the eye of its corresponding drop needle, and
then through its guide slot in one of the notched guide plates N, is finally
connected by a bent eye at the end to its corresponding tail cord O, passing
over a guide roller P in the inclined bracket Q to the harness. If cords are
used instead of the draught needles, the usual slit holes in the draught holy

page_text: board or comb will answer the same end as delineated in Figure 5. The
upper guide plate is raised by the return traverse of the inclined shafts V,
which have upon them inclined planes to act upon the under side of the
support of the upper plate, which is thus lifted up, carrying with it the whole
of the drop needles off the pattern. The lower portion of the cord is attached
to the bent eye, and is guided through a holy board to the harness, being kept
in tension by the leads beneath, the weight of the latter recovering the needles,.
and being supported by the cords R fixed to the supporting bar S. The
movement is given by the transverse shaft T, which is connected at each end
by the links U to the inclined shafts V, sliding in guides W, W, on the frame.
These shafts have each an angular bar ✗, screwed at the upper end to receive
the holding nuts for the set of draught plates Y, four of which are shewn in
the Drawings, to correspond with the four rows of needles. These draught
plates are set to act upon the hooks M of the draught needles, two being
represented as hooked on, and two as released. This hooking and releasing
action is governed by the perforations of the pattern sheets; for on the pattern
being traversed along beneath the drop needles D, such of the latter as come.
to be over a perforation fall through into the space in the cylinder E beneath,
thus carrying down the draught needles, and allowing their hooks to be caught
by the draught bars or plates Y at the next stroke, when they are drawn into
the position represented by the two ncedles marked C in Figure 1. The other
drop needles, being unacted upon by any perforations of the pattern, rest on the
solid surface of the latter, and prevent the draught plates from catching the
hooks on their draught needles. On the return traverse of the sliding shaft V
in the direction of the arrow, the back edges of the draught plates strike
against the under side of the hook ends of the draught needles; and by their
upward angular traverse lift the whole of the needles, and release such of the
drop needles as have passed through the pattern sheet, in readiness for the
action of the succeeding line of the pattern. At the same time the action of
the stud Z on the shaft V upon the uppermost tooth of the ratchet disc a turns
the cylinder E sufficiently to bring the next flat surface of the pattern beneath
the rows of drop needles, where it is held by the pressure of the spring detent b.
This arrangement of Jacquard apparatus effects considerable economy in the
fitting up of the machinery. The drop needles have no strain upon them, and
their action is transmitted to the harness by the direct pull of the draught
needles, without the necessity of adopting the ordinary Jacquard connections.
As the drop needles have no horizontal traverse, and the pattern does not movo
along with the batten, this system of working is perfectly sure and accurate,
although the holes may be reduced to as fine a scale as fifty-six to the squaro

page_text: inch, which is the scale I have adopted in practice, thus reducing the size of
the cards to one fourth of the usual area. It will be obvious to practical men
that this system of Jacquard mechanism is equally applicable for working with
pattern surfaces, either sunk or in relief, or with my "edge cards," as for the
ordinary perforated cards.
My improved apparatus to be used as a substitute for the ordinary Jacquard
apparatus with perforated cards or sheets, and which I term my "edge-card"
machine, has its drop needles arranged on the principle of those represented in
Sheet 2 of my Drawings.
Figure 1, on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, represents a vertical longitudinal 1
section of this machine, and Figure 2 is a corresponding end elevation, shewing
a portion of the drop needles as being acted on by a set of "edge cards."
The two standards A, A, form the framework of the machine. The four rows
of drop needles are at B, B, being guided in the two reeds C, C. These
needles, instead of being round, are of flat metal, as represented in the group
of four needles in Figure 3, and the corresponding view of two needles at
right angles in Figure 4. The bottom ends of the needles are also flat, in
order to work upon the notched or indented edges of the cards D, D, formed
as described in reference to Figure 5, on Sheet 2 of my Drawings. In place
of the draught plates for working the horizontal needles, a set of four concave
plates E, E, are carried by the pair of sliding bars F, F, and are caused to
traverse at the proper periods to act upon the ends of the horizontal needles
G, G. The cards D may be either of metal, pasteboard, or other suitable
material, either in a solid piece or built up, and they are set up and carried
beneath the pattern needles in a vertical position by means of a band or sheet
H, of any suitable fabric, upon the upper surface of which is formed or
attached a series of undulating ribs or divisions, about three eighths of an inch
in depth, and on a scale of closeness of about six to the inch.
are slipped in between these divisions, and are retained in their places by
strings passing through corresponding holes in the divisions and cards. These
edge cards, when inserted throughout the divisions according to the pattern to
be produced, are traversed beneath the needles, either in the form of an endless
band, or in suitable lengths. Then, just as the colours and form of the
pattern may arise, the pattern ncedles B sink more or less deep in the notches
of the cards; and, as the horizontal needles are passed through holes in the
pattern needles, as at G, in Figures 3 and 4, it follows that the greater or less
descent of the latter needles carries down the horizontal needles to a greater or
less distance. Each tail cord H' is passed through an eye at I, in its corres-
ponding horizontal needle, and is then passed upwards to, the supporting bar J.
The edge cards
E

page_text: The
The back rollers K are placed behind the tail cords, so that when the concave
pushing bars E strike the ends of the needles G, the cordage is pushed back
over the rollers, producing the required draught upon the harness.
needles G, shewn with a sharp line in Figure 1, are those which are in action,
the pushing bars E being about to make a stroke to push them forward in the
direction of the arrows. The upper radial dotted lines represent those needles
which have still to come into action before the next shift of the edge cards of
the pattern. In the present arrangement of the machine seven colours are
understood to be in use, as represented by the seven needles marked
a, b, c, d, e, f, and g, in the bottom row. The whole of these needles rest on the
roller K. As the pattern needles sink to different depths in the edge cards,
according to the graduated lines of colour, it follows, that whilst cach pattern
needle in action draws down its horizontal needle at a point at some distance
from the end resting on the roller K, the latter, acting as a fixed support,
causes the needles not yet in action upon the harness to assume the angular
positions of the dotted lines, all radiating from the surface of the roller as a
common centre line. In this state the pushing bars act only on the bottom
needle, which is brought to a horizontal position for the purpose, whilst the
inclined needles are all missed. Thus, if the colours in use and their. sequence
be black, blue, red, green, pink, brown, and yellow, the upper line of indenta-
tions in the cards being black, then the colours will be indicated by the relative.
heights of the needles, as marked in Figure 1. So soon, then, as the yellow
or first set of needles have acted upon the harness, the next higher line, or:
those acted on by the second grade of indentations in the edge cards, are
brought into play. This is effected by the colour-regulating plates L, L, from:
the upper ends of which cords pass over pulleys M, M, to the weaver's treadle.
Each of these plates has in it a set of vertical slots, as shewn in Figure 2,
which slots are graduated in length to correspond with the gradations of the
indentations in the pattern edge cards. Each of these slots has a stout hori-
zontal pin N passed through it, being retained in its place by a slight spring
behind, whilst a cord passes from it round a guide roller at O for attachment
to its corresponding horizontal needle P. Each of these needles is placed with:
one end resting upon the roller K, whilst it is supported near the centre by:
being passed through the eye of a vertical drop needle Q, each horizontal
needle having its drop needle as in the regular needle arrangement for the
harness. These drop needles, seven in number, to agree with the extent. of
the colours, are actuated by indentations cut on each end of one of the set of
four pattern cards, as at R, R, in Figure 2, these indentations being formed to.
agree with the particular gradations of the color lines on the pattern cards for

page_text: the harness. The principle of this system of colour regulation is explained by
the diagram of a portion of a pattern edge card, Figure 5. This card shews
two colours only, one in the first line, and one in the bottom line, and the
regulating end A is indented to corresponding depths. At the same time that
the pushing bars E traverse forward to act upon the harness needles G, they
come in contact with one of the colour needles P, whichever is in a line with
the bar at the time, according to the colour-regulating indentations on the
pattern card ends. The yellow needles of the harness then having. performed
their action, the brown ones are next in order, and these are brought within.
the range of action of the pushing bars by the traverse of the 'stout horizontal
colour needles P drawing out the pin N from its notch in the regulating
plate L by the cord passing round the roller O. This withdrawal of the pin N
then releases the plate L, and the adjustable weight S pulls it down. The
lower end of the plate L carries a link-piece T, having two pins connected to
the slotted eyes in the two levers, turning on fixed centres at U and V. The
opposite end of the lever U is jointed to the lower end of the roller frame W,
whilst the lever V carries an anti-friction pulley bearing against the angular
bar X, carrying the pushing bars E, and sliding in guide eyes on the pushing
bar frame. Thus the descent of the weighted plate L elevates the four sets of
rollers K with the guide reeds of the needles Y and the pushing bars E
simultaneously, the cord i passing to the shuttle boxes. The proper shuttle is
brought into use by an arrangement of graduated slots in the back of the
shuttle box, or on the handle of the weaver's lay on the principle of the slots in
the plates L. This movement brings the second or brown needle & into a hori-
zontal position in the line of the traverse of the pushing bar, in readiness for
its action upon the harness, as delineated at Z in the second row of needles;
at the same time the yellow needle previously used goes out of action by the
rise, and the pushing bar leaving it below to fall upon the trimming plate h.
This movement goes on without a shift of the pattern cards until all the colors
in use have been brought into play, when all the needles G will have come
upon the plate h to be trimmed up for the next set of four cards, the pattern
sheet being now traversed forward in the direction of the arrow, so as to bring
four fresh cards of the pattern into action. If the same set of pattern cards
are to be used again, the action of the needles is repeated without any shift of
the pattern cards. The weaver now presses upon a treadle to elevate the
plates L, when the pins N re-enter their notches. The same movement,
acting through the levers U and V, lowers the rollers K and the pushing bars
E to their original position ready for the lowest needle of the scrics, the descent
of the trimming plates allowing the set of needles again to take up their

page_text: .
"
angular positions according to the cutting of the pattern cards. The horizontal
traverse of the pushing bars is effected by the cord ; passing from the weaver's
treadle to the double lever K, which acts in the same manner as the apparatus
previously described in reference to Sheet 2 of my Drawings. In the Specifi-
cation of my former Patent I have described a system of "tight and slack'
cord action for Jacquard printing, and I adopt the same principle for weaving,
by passing two cords through one eye of the horizontal needles. This plan
is represented in the Diagram, Figure 7 of Sheet 3 of my Drawings,
where A is the horizontal needle, and B, B, the tight and slack cords, one
of which is attached at C to one edge of a board or bar D, whilst the other is
similarly attached to the opposite edge E. A pulley is carried on the spindle,
on which the bar D turns, and a cord from this to the weaver's treadle allows
of the bar being turned over at pleasure, so as to reverse the tight and slack
conditions of the cords B at any time. In this way the needles A, when
pushed forward during the action of the machine, affect the tight cords only;
and thus the harness will be acted on accordingly as one or other cord is made
tight.
Although I have represented these machines as working with the vertical
pattern needles, it is obvious that the same general arrangement of needles,
with the radiating principle which I have herein-before explained, may still be
worked in connection with my edge cards, with horizontal pattern needles and
upright draw needles, the cordage being attached near the ends of the vertical
needles, as represented in the Diagram; Figure 6 on Sheet 3. The pattern
needles are here to be withdrawn from the pattern, to allow it to pass by the
action of the back guide plate, as at A. My Jacquard machine, described in
reference to the Drawings on Sheet 2, may also be worked with the pattern
needles horizontal, the weight of the leads being used to restore the action of
the vertical needles.
My improved modification of a Jacquard printing machine has reference to
the arrangements for printing by the agency of the Jacquard principle, as
specified under my former Patent for Scotland, bearing date the Twenty-
ninth day of October, Eighteen hundred and forty-seven.
Figure 1, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, represents a transverse vertical section
of this Jacquard printing machine, and Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the
same. The frame consists of two end standards A, A, carrying upon their top
rail two additional standards B, B, for holding the needles. C, C, are two
barrels or cylinders, formed out of thin sheet metal, and placed loosely on
shafts passing along the machine, and supported in bearings on the standards.
These tubes in their main features are formed like the cylinders of my

page_text: punching machine, having a slot at D, D, passing from end to end, and wide
enough to receive the lower ends of the vertical pattern needles E, E. The
barrels are held stationary by the stops F, F, and the pattern sheets G, G, are
carried over them by end dises fast on the shaft. The pattern needles are
guided vertically in the perforated plates H, H, carried on the upper standards.
The movement of the machine is obtained from the pair of shafts I, I, which
carry levers jointed at their upper ends to the ends of the traversing frames
J, J. The needles are cylindrical, and have eyes at their upper end, through
which and through the slotted guides L the horizontal or inclined draught
needles K, K, are passed. These needles have hooks at one end, and at the
other are attached by strings to the. impressing pistons, as described in the
Specification of my former Patent. The perforated pattern sheets G, G, being
traversed over the cylinders C, C, in the usual way, as each line of holes
comes under the pattern needles E, E, such of the latter as are to be brought
into action falling through the perforations of the pattern sheet, draw down
with them the draught needles K, so that on the return stroke of the frames
J, J, in the direction of the arrow, the draught plates or bars M, M, catch on
the hooks of the needles, and thus through them act upon the impressing
pistons of the printing apparatus. For the succeeding line of the pattern the
frames J, J, are again pushed forward, so that the concave pushing bars N, N,
push against the end of the needles, and the front edges of the draught plates,
acting on the under side of the needles K, trim up the whole series for the
next impression. In my former specified arrangement of a Jacquard printing
machine the lines of the pattern on the cards were made to correspond with
the arrangement of the colour boxes, one behind the other, across the width of a
the pattern card; but, in the Plan delineated in Sheet 4 of my Drawings,
whilst the same system of "reading in" is maintained, the perforations for
the colours run longitudinally along the cards, or across the pattern sheet, the
whole of the colours used being embraced in one line within the longitudinal
extent of the pattern cylinders. In this way the portions of the design com-
prehended under each colour are seen on the card or pattern sheet correspond-
ing to the colour boxes from which the yarn or material to be printed is to
receive its impressions.
My improved colour table for use in my Jacquard printing machine is
represented in two views in Sheet 1 of my Drawings. Figure 6 is a front S
elevation of a set of the colour boxes, and Figure 7 is a corresponding end
view of the same. These boxes A, A, eight in number, each having a separate
colour, are set side by side in a metal frame B, B. In the bottom of each box
is a stationary pulley C, running loose upon a stud, and over this the endless

page_text: colour-carrying band D is passed to imbibe colour, and thence upwards and over
the two small pulleys E, E, one at the end of each of the printing troughs or
tables F, F, carried on the table G. Motion is communicated to the colour
bands of each box by the spindle of the roller H, the bands being nipped
between the rollers H and I to obtain the power of propulsion. In another
arrangement I employ a second endless band J, running over the pulleys E,
beneath the colour band, and passing between the nipping rollers H and 1,
whilst the colour band goes direct from the pulleys E to the bottom pulley C.
Thus the band J drives the colour barrel by frictional contract.
My modification of the drop or pattern needle movement for regulating
purposes is represented in the detail, Figure 3, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, as
fixed upon the top of a steam boiler. A is a portion of a vertical section of a
boiler carrying two pillars B and C, slotted through their heads to receive the
draught needles or rods D, E, which pass through loosely. As in the
Jacquard arrangement, each of these rods has a hook at one end, and an eye at
the other, the eye of the rod D beink linked to the lower end of the double
lever F on the supply stopcock G for the boiler feed water, whilst the lever E
is similarly attached to the upper end of the same lever. The regulating float
H has a vertical rod with an eye I, through which the rod E is passed loosely.
As delineated in Figure 3, the water is supposed to be too low, and the sinking
of the float has drawn down the hook end of the lever E until it has come
within the range of the horizontal traverse of the draught plate J, which, along
with the plate K, is kept in constant motion, the two plates moving together
on the same frame. In this position, when the. draught plate J traverses in
the direction of the arrow, it catches the hook of the rod E, and draws it in
the same direction, pulling the upper end of the lever F forward, and opening
the water supply pipe. The hook is released from its draught plate at the
termination of the traverse of the latter, so that the stopcock remains open
until the water in the boiler regains its proper level, when the rising of the float
will elevate the hook end of the rod E, depressing its opposite end, so as to
cause its projection L to depress the hooked end of the rod D, when the
second draught plate K, acting like the one already described, will catch the
hook and draw the rod in the direction of its arrow, thus closing the supply
stopcock. The same movement is obviously applicable for the regulation of
machinery or apparatus of various kinds where a regular traversing movement
is conveniently attainable. Thus, with one draught rod, having a double fork,
the float action may be made to connect or disconnect a pump with a traversing
bar, the pumping action being accomplished by the rod itself.
My 'self-adjusting lover has for its object the obtainment of an automatic

page_text: adaptation of the effective leverage to correspond with the resistance to be
overcome by it. It is represented in elevation in Figure 8 on Sheet 3 of my
Drawings, being particularly applicable, amongst other purposes, to the treadle
action connected with the cord ; and lever k employed for working the
traversing pushing bars, as represented in Figure 1 on Sheet 3. For such a
purpose A is the weaver's treadle, connected by a cord B to the double pulley
C, keyed on a shaft D, and carrying a radial lever E. This lever has a weight
F on its extreme end, and a sliding ring carrying a pair of cord pulleys G;
held up by the reaction of the helix H on the lever. I are the cords passing
to the Jacquard traverse movement. They are fastened at J to move along with
the double pulley C, and pass over the pulleys G. When pressure is applied
to the treadle A, it will tend to turn the pulley C in the direction of the arrow,
carrying round with it the weighted lever E, which, as it passes the centre of
the shaft D to a greater or less distance, gives out a greater or less amount of
lever assistance to the operator. At the same time as the resistance on the
cords I increases, their tension acting on the pulleys G, depresses the helix H,
and affords the workman the advantage of a more favourable leverage by
shortening the distance from D to G. The counter-weight K brings back the
lever E to its vertical position when the pressure is removed from the
treadle. Although I have explained this lever as adapted to a Jacquard
apparatus, it is equally applicable as a self-adjusting power for various other
movements.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to
the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the
principles or main features of my Invention. But what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the system or mode of perforating or cutting out the pattern cards,
sheets, or surfaces used in Jacquard machinery, as herein-before described in
reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, of Sheet 1 of my Drawings, together
with the apparatus described therein.
Second, the system or mode of "reading in" the pattern upon the punches
or cutters of Jacquard perforating machines, as herein-before described.
Third, the peculiar form of the punches, perforators, or cutters, as delineated
in Figures 3 and 4 of Sheet 2 of my Drawings.
Fourth, the peculiar arrangement and combination of parts forming the
.
'

page_text: Jacquard apparatus delineated in Sheet 2 of my Drawings, wherein the
drop or pattern needles act, by means of their eyes, upon horizontal or
inclined draught needles, which latter act by a longitudinal draught upon the
harness, whether the draught needles are horizontal or vertical.
Fifth, the system or mode of recovering the drop or pattern needles, together
with their horizontal or vertical draught needles, passed through the eyes of the
former by the angular traverse of the draught plates.
"
Sixth, the use of flat pattern needles, twisted to allow of the draught needles
being passed through them, together with flat draught needles and the notched
guides for these needles.
Seventh, the use of draught needles with bent eyes, forming their connection
with the tail and supporting cords.
Eighth, the mode of recovering the vertical draught needles by means of the
tension of the harness tail cords passed over a roller, and acting at a point
above. the fulcra of the needles, as represented in the Diagram, Figure 6,
on Sheet 3, together with the system or mode of removal of the pattern
needles out of the pattern by the retiring action of their back guide plate.
Ninth, the working of Jacquard apparatus by means of pattern cards or
sheets traversing over a cylinder or barrel revolving on a fixed centre, or
having no oscillating movement.
"
or
Tenth, the employment, in the ornamentation of fabrics of "edge cards
surfaces with graduated lines, of notches or indentations to correspond with the
colours to be used in the production of the pattern.
Eleventh, the system or mode of regulating the colours to be brought into
use by the use of the slotted or notched colour-regulating plates and colour
cards hercin-before described..
Twelfth, the system or mode of operating on harness work by "tight and
slack" cords, as delineated in Figure 7, on Sheet 3.
Thirteenth, the use or employment of my Jacquard apparatus with the
drop or pattern needle and longitudinal draught needle action, or my "edge
card" apparatus, with or without the said peculiar needle action for printing
or impressing colours on textile or other surfaces.
Fourteenth, the system or mode of operating in Jacquard mechanism by
means of radiating pattern or draught needles.
Fifteenth, the system or mode of "reading in" the various colours of
different lines of the design upon continuous lines of the pattern cards or sheet,
as described in reference to Figures 1 and 2 on. Sheet 4.
Sixteenth, the arrangement of a colour table, boxes, and bands, for printing
various materials, as described in reference to Figures 6 and 7 on Sheet 1 of
1

page_text: my Drawings, wherein the color is brought up from below to an upper printing
or impressing table.
Seventeenth, the adaptation and employment of a modification of my
Jacquard needle action, as herein-before described, for various purposes of
regulating or governing mechanism.
Eighteenth, the use or employment of the self-adjusting lever action, repre-
sented in Figure 8 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mathew Cochran, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty.