IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CONFECTIONERY LOZENGES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CONFECTIONERY
LOZENGES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR" and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of confectionery lozenges, and to
machinery therefor.
The said invention comprises the process of producing confectionery lozenges by
first forming the plastic sugar paste into sticks or bars of the desired cross section
and then cutting the said sticks or bars transversely into thin discs.
It further comprises certain combinations and arrangements of mechanism for
carrying out said process, all as hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machine constructed according to this
invention.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a partial longitudinal section on the line x, x Figure 2.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the gearing for operating the feeding apron.
Figure 5 is a partial plan with the cleaning roll in section.
Figure 6 is a partial vertical section on the line y, y Figure 5 showing the
cylinder cams for operating the embossing mechanism in elevation.
.
Figure 7 is a plan of a portion of the embossing mechanism detached from the
machine.
Figure 8 is a partial section of the cutting cylinder and one of the cleaning
cylinders.
Figures 9 and 10 are respectively an elevation and an edge view of a lozenge
produced by the machine and
Figure 11 is a partial plan of the side embossing apparatus with the cams turned
into the position for giving the impression.
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page_text: A A are the main side frames of the machine connected together by the rods a, a,
and the inclined tables or plates B and B'.
C is the driving shaft mounted in suitable bearings on the frames A A, and
having mounted thereon the pulleys C¹, C, C and C as shown in Figure 2.
Rotary motion is imparted to the shaft C by means of a suitable belt leading
from the pulley C¹ to a main or countershaft not shown.
D is a knife-cylinder composed of a series of circular knives b, b, and a series of
discs c, c, alternating with said knives and all firmly clamped together upon the
shaft d, the said discs c, c, being of a thickness corresponding to the desired
thickness of the lozenges to be produced.
The shaft & has mounted upon one end thereof, outside of the frame A, the
pulley E, by means of which and the belt E¹ leading from the pulley C³, rotary
motion is imparted to the knife-cylinder D.
F and F are two cylinders the bodies of which are composed of a series of felt
discs, said cylinders being mounted in adjustable boxes e, e, in such positions
relative to the knife-cylinder D that the knives b, b, enter and revolve between
the felt discs, as shown in Figures 3 5 and 8.
The object of the felt-cylinders F and F¹ is to keep the knives b, b, clean by
wiping off all particles of the sugar paste which may adhere to said knives in
their passage through the stick or bar of plastic material.
Motion is imparted to the cylinders F and F by frictional contact of the
knives b, b therewith.
G is an embossing roll mounted in adjustable boxes f, f, in the stands H bolted
to the upper ends of the frames A A and having firmly secured upon its shaft g
the pulleys I and I¹ as shown.
The periphery of the roll G has cut or formed thereon an ornamental surface of
any design which it may be desired to transfer to the edges of the lozenges, and
said roll is so adjusted relatively to the knife-cylinder that its surface shall be in
close proximity to, without touching, the edges of the knives b, b, rotary motion
in opposition to the motion of the knife-cylinder being imparted thereto by the
belt J leading from the pulley I to and around the pulley O*.
A' A' are two supplementary frames bolted to the frames A A and connected
together at their upper edges by the bed or table A2 and having mounted in
suitable bearings formed thereon the rolls L and L' around which is stretched the
endless apron M. Motion is imparted to the said apron by means of the belt N
leading from the pulley 11 to, and around, the pulley O mounted upon a stud h set
in the side of the frame A', the pinion i secured to the hub of the pulley O, the
intermediate gear-wheel ¹ also mounted upon a stud j, and the gear wheel i
secured upon the shaft of the roll L, all as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
The apron M has secured upon its outer surface a series of rods or bars k, k,
extending transversely across the same and arranged equidistant from, and parallel
with, each other as shown in Figures 2 and 3, said rods or bars being designed to
serve as guides in placing the bars or sticks of sugar paste upon the apron and
ensure the delivery thereof to the cutting cylinder in a position parallel to said
cylinder, and to the embossing roll G.
Upon the upper portions of the inclined tables or plates B and B' are respectively
secured the ribs and to each of which is secured one end of each of a series of
thin plates m, m, set edgewise upon the said inclined tables B and B in positions
parallel, or nearly so, to each other and to the side frames A A of the machine.
The said plates m, m are arranged in pairs, one pair upon each inclined table to
each alternate space between the knives of the knife cylinder D; and the plates of
each pair are at such a distance apart as to permit the lozenge discharged from the
kuife cylinder to roll down the inclines between said plates till they reach the
lower ends where they are arrested by the sbafts n which extend across the machine
just below the lower ends of the plates m, m, and are mounted in bearings o, o,
secured upon said inclined tables B and B¹ as shown in Figures 2, 3, 5 and 6.

page_text: The plates m, m are only secured to the inclined tables indirectly at their upper
ends through the ribs and , so that their lower ends are free to be moved
transversely for the purpose of embossing the sides of the lozenges as will be
described.
One or both of the plates m of each pair has or have formed upon its or their
inner face at its lower end a design or character which may be in relief or intaglio
as shown at p in Figure 3 so that when said plates are pressed towards each other
with a lozenge between their lower ends, the said design will be impressed upon
the side or sides of the lozenge.
0 In each of the inclined tables B and B¹ are set a series of short shafts q, q, at
right angles to the upper surfaces of the said tables, which shafts project upward
from said tables between, or alongside of the plates m, m, and have formed thereon,
or secured thereto, two wings or blades r, r, which serve as cams to move said
plates m, m, to emboss the lozenge.
These shafts and cam wings are arranged one in each of the narrower spaces
between the plates m, m, and one at each end or outside of said series of plates, as
shown in Figure 5. To the lower end of each of the shafts qq is firmly secured an
arm or lever 8 the movable end of which is connected to the bar P by means of the
screw 8¹ the shank of which passes through a slot 82 in the lever 8 and is screwed
into the said bar P, as shown in Figure 7. The bar P is mounted in bearings t, t,
in such a manner that it may be moved endwise therein by the action of the path u
of the cylinder cam Qupon the truck u¹ mounted upon a stud set in the end of
Baid bar as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
The reciprocating movement of the bar P causes an oscillating motion to be
imparted to the shafts q, q, by which movement the wings or blades r, r, are made
to act upon the plates m upon each side thereof to force them apart and hard
against the lozenge that rests in the space between said plates where there is no
shaft and cam wings r as shown in Figure 11.
To each of the ribs and is secured a series of curved fingers respectively
which project upward and backward between the knife discs, their points or upper
ends bearing upon the surfaces of the metal discs c, c, in such a manner that the
lozenge or disc of sugar-paste, after being severed by the knives from its fellows
and carried beneath the embossing roll G, will be forced from between the knives b, b,
thereby, and made to fall into and roll down the inclined channel between the
plates m, m, the fingers of the upper series entering every alternate space between
the cutters b, b, and the fingers entering those spaces between the knives b, b,
not entered by the fingers v, so that the fingers v, will remove every alternate
lozenge from between the knives and the fingers v will remove the remainder.
The shafts n, n, are each provided with a series of fingers n¹ which project
laterally therefrom and are arranged and adapted to lift the lozenges from between
the plates m, after they have been embossed, and carry them over the shafts n, and
deposit them upon the inclined tables B or B¹ down which they roll or slide and
fall into any suitable receptacle arranged to receive them (not shown in the
Drawings), or they may be deposited upon an apron arranged to carry them to
any desired place of deposit.
Rotary motion is imparted to the shafts n n by means of the belt w leading
from the pulley C³ to, and around, a pulley formed upon one end of one of the
cylinder cams Q mounted upon the ends of the shafts n n, the motion thus
imparted to one of said shafts being transmitted to the other shaft n and its cam Q
by means of the spur gear wheels n³ n³ and n‘.
The fingers n', when the shafts n are revolved, play through slots o¹, o¹ cut
through the inclined tables B and B¹ as shown in Figures 2, 3, 5, 6.
The operation of the improved machine is as follows, that is to say :-
paste of the proper consistency is formed into sticks or bars of any desired cross
:-The sugar
section corresponding to the outline of the lozenge to be produced, which may be
done by means of either of the machines described in the specification of former
Letters Patent dated 12th June A D 1883 N° 2928.

page_text: The sticks or bars so formed are then taken by the operator, before they become
dried and brittle, and placed upon the apron M, of the machine herein described,
the said sticks or bars being placed one at a time thereon so as to rest between two
of the rods or bars k, k and extend transversely across said apron as indicated at
in Figures 2 and 3.
5
The machine being set in motion the apron M carries along with it the stick or
bar of sugar paste, in the direction indicated by the arrow, until the stick falls
from the apron as it passes around the roll L', when said stick is deposited upon
the knives b, b, of the knife cylinder D in such a position as to be carried forward
thereby into contact with the embossing roll G, which, rotating in a direction ]
opposed to the revolution of said knife cylinder, as indicated by the arrows on
Figure 3, causes the stick of plastic material to be revolved, so as to bring every
part of its periphery into contact with the periphery of said roll G and receive an
impression therefrom, at the same time that the said stick is forced inward upon
the knives b, b until it is cut into discs of the desired thickness.
The discs so formed are carried around with the cylinder D until the upper ends
of the fingers vare reached thereby, when the said fingers acting thereon as the
knife cylinder continues to revolve, will gradually remove every alternate lozenge
or disc of sugar paste from between the said knives, which discs then fall into, and
roll down, the spaces between the plates m, m, upon the inclined table B until
arrested by the shaft n, while the other half of the discs still remaining between
the knives are carried around therewith till the ends of the fingers v¹ are reached
thereby, when they are gradually forced by said fingers from between the
knives b, b, and fall into and roll down the spaces between the plates m, m, on the
inclined table B¹ until they are arrested by the shaft n, At the proper time the
cams act upon the bars P to move them endwise and thereby cause the cam-
wings r, r, to assume a position oblique to the plates m and in contact therewith,
and cause the said plates to be pressed hard against the sides of the lozenges
resting between their lower ends and emboss thereon the desired design. The
motion of the bar P is then reversed and the cam-wings r assume the positions
shown in Figures 5 and 7-and the pressure is removed from the lozenges at
which time the fingers n¹ carried by the shafts n come in contact with the under
edge of the lozenges and lift them over the shafts n and deposit them upon the
inclined tables B and B¹, down which they roll or slide as before described. If it
is desired to omit the embossing of the sides of the lozenges, the bars P may be
disconnected from their operating cams so that the cam-wings T, r will not be
operated; or the said bars, cam-wings and the plates m, m may be removed from
the machine, and the lozenges will then be deposited upon the tables B and B¹
down which they would roll without guides into the receptacle provided to receive
them.
The stick or bar of plastic material may have a cross section of almost any
desired shape, as round, square, octagonal hexagonal, heart-shaped or fluted.
One great advantage of this method of making lozenges is that the material
can all be used up instead of leaving a large quantity of waste material, or
material that has to be worked over again as in the case when lozenges are cut
from sheets as heretofore practised.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The process of manufacturing confectionery lozenges, which consists in
first forming the sugar paste into sticks or bars of any desired cross section, and
then cutting each of the said bars or sticks transversely into a series of thin discs,
as set forth.
Second. The improvement in the manufacture of confectionery lozenges, which
consists in first forming the plastic or semi-plastic sugar paste into sticks or bars
of any desired cross section, cutting each of the said sticks or bars transversely

page_text: into a series of thin discs, and then embossing one or both sides of each of the
said discs by impressing thereon or therein any desired designs or figure, as set
forth.
Third. In a machine for making confectionery lozenges, the endless apron M
provided with the series of rods or bars k k arranged and adapted to operate
substantially as, and for the purposes, specified.
Fourth. The combination of the endless apron M, the knife cylinder D, and the
roll G, all arranged and adapted to operate substantially as described.
Fifth. The combination of the knife D, the embossing roll G, and one or more
series of discharging fingers arranged and adapted to remove the lozenges from
between the knives, substantially as described.
Sixth. In combination with the knife cylinder D and the roll G; one or more
knife wiping or cleaning cylinders F or F¹ arranged and adapted to operate
substantially as described for the purposes specified.
Seventh. The combination of the knife-cylinder D, the embossing roll G, the
discharging fingers v or v¹, and the endless feeding apron M, all arranged and
adapted to operate substantially as, and for the purposes, described.
Eighth. In a machine for making confectionery lozenges, the combination of
mechanism for cutting a stick or bar of sugar paste into a series of discs, and
mechanism for embossing one or both sides of each of the said discs, substantially
as described.
Ninth. In a lozenge-making machine, a series of inclined channels formed of
a series of movable plates having formed thereon designs or characters to bo
impressed into one or both sides of the lozenges, a series of cams for moving said
plates to impress said designs upon the lozenges, and mechanism for imparting an
intermittent oscillating motion to each of said cams, substantially as described.
Tenth. The combination of the knife-cylinder D, the roll G, the two series of
fingers vv, the two inclined tables B B¹, the two series of movable plates m, m
having formed thereon suitable designs or characters, the two series of cams r, r,
and cam shafts q, q, the two series of levers 8, 8, the two bars P P and the two
cains QQ, all arranged and adapted to operate substantially as described.
Eleventh. The combination of a series of movable plates m, m provided with
suitable designs or characters formed thereon, a series of cams and cam shafts q,
mechanism for operating the said cams and cam shafts, the shaft n provided with
a series of fingers n', and mechanism for imparting to the said shaft and fingers a
rotary motion, substantially as, and for the purposes, described.
Dated this 9th day of September 1884.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.