Improvements in Machines for Grinding, Sifting, or Comminuting Salt, Sugar, or other like Articles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 14th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 18th Apr., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Grinding, Sifting, or Comminuting
Salt, Sugar, or other like Articles.
I, JOHN CARROLL of 2 Landseer Road Everton in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention has for its principal object an apparatus for household use for
grinding salt.
It consists of a hollow cylindrical grater caused to rotate below the salt, which
latter is placed in a chamber above the grater and is pressed down by a small
board and a spring above. A weight could take the place of the spring, or a
stem with a knob on the top can be used and be pressed down by hand.
Immediately below the grater a semi-cylindrical sieve which can be withdrawn
at intervals in case it gets choked. The cylindrical grater is worked by a crank
handle. A drawer below the sieve completes the device.
The mode of operation is as follows:-.
Lumps of salt are placed in the chamber above and pressed down, the grater is
then rotated, wearing or cutting off portions of the salt, which pass through the
sieve below into the drawer. It is desirable in using this apparatus that the
material should be as dry as possible.
Dated this 18th day of April 1895.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Machines for Grinding, Sifting, or Comminuting
Salt, Sugar, or other like Articles.
I, JOHN CARROLL, 5, (late of 2) Landseer Road Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its principal object an apparatus to enable users of salt,
to grind such salt into a fine state for table or general purposes.
It consists of a hollow cylindrical grater or any other cylinder with a rough or
biting face on it, as I do not want to confine myself to any one set form.
may use an
I may use a flint enamelled perforated metal cylinder the purpose of such
enamel being to protect the metal from the action of the salt; or
earthenware cylinder, such earthenware may be of a rough nature throughout,
or I may have such roughness added to its face by such means, as a material as
is known by the name of or used in the manufacture of majolica ware, so that the
surface of the cylinder may be in keeping, with the article to be ground: this
cylinder to work in a perforated semi-cylinder, not in actual contact with the
cylinder, but; say, about 16th of an inch apart.

page_text: The perforated semi-cylinder may be made from any perforated sheet metal,
enamelled, or tinned, or I may use woven wire, or wire cloth or perforated
earthenware.
to
Above the cylinder, in a chamber to be hereinafter described, I propose to
arrange a stem with presser board attached, the upper part of said stem passes
through the cover or top of the machine, such stem to have a flat-knob attached to the
top this stem can be raised through the said chamber, for the purpose of placing
salt beneath the presser board. The purpose of the aforesaid arrangement
press the salt down upon the cylinder (and between the presser board and the
cover of the machine, I may have a spiral spring, or I may have a flat piece of
lead, or any other kind of weight to cause pressure upon the salt, the object of
said spring or weight being to obviate the necessity of pressing upon the knob
with the hand the cylinder being then rotated by means of crank handle, the
salt is ground, and sifted and passes into the draw below.
Figure 1 represent a piece of sheet metal that the binder is made from.
Fig. 2. binder No. 1.
Fig. 3. small section of No. 1 binder.
Fig. 4. a perforated semi-cylinder.
Fig. 5. an end view of an earthenware cylinder.
Fig. 6. the arms to fit in cylinder ends and carry spindle.
Fig. 7. binder No. 2.
Fig. 8. an end view of woodwork of the receiver, that No. 2 binder covers,
e.g. square end of receiver let into rebated sides, S* S*
Fig. 9 a plan of mouth of receiver.
Fig. 10. a vertical section of entire apparatus.
Fig. 11. a cross section of machine without the upper chamber with cover
added.
Fig. 12. is face view of union plate.
Fig. 13. is a section of cylinder, and other parts.
62 is part of binder; S. showing end of semi-cylinder resting on it. The
other letters are same as in Figure 10.
Figure 1. (Sheet 1) represents a piece of sheet metal, 5 inches square (about
the thickness of that which is used for common tin ware): it may be tinned, or
untinned iron, brass, copper or any other sheet metal, that will bend to the desired
form. The line marked a I bend down over on the other side and hammer or
press it down flat, this is to take the raw edge off and add strength, I then nip a
half round piece out Pinch 6, in this one end of the spindle will work. I then
cut through the 'four lines c. c. c. c. The piece E will then be loose, this I do not
use. Then nip through the four mitre lines d. d. d. d also nip through the two
lines ff. as far as the cross line n. n. Then bend inwards at right angles from
the four lines e. e. e. e. also bend at right angles the three lines g. 9. g. then bend
the two corner pieces n. n. at right angles, they should be flat down on the
spaces m. m. where they ought to be soldered, to hold them in their places, it will
then have the form as shewn in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (Sheet 1) is what I call a binder, (binder No. 1.) I make two of these,
one for the back of the machine, and one for the front, both the same in every
detail. The purpose of these binders is to simplify the construction, and add
strength to the apparatus, and so that little or no skill will be needed in making
the machines. 3 and 4 are grooves or trenches in. in width formed by
bending the sheet metal as described in Fig. 1. I prepare three pieces of wood
one 5 in. long, 44 in. wide, in. thick, this I place end ways in the groove or
trench e¹. This will be the base.
I take the other two pieces each 5 in. long, 4 in. wide, in. thick, one I place
end ways in the groove or trench and the other end ways in the groove or
trench the two last named pieces have a slip or rib glued on each of them,
which will be shewn and explained in another figure. I then take my binder

page_text: (No. 1) and place each of the aforesaid three pieces of wood, end ways, in
the grooves or trenches ee and ein each of the grooves they ought to fit
tight. I then put in. nails or screws as shown in the three places dotted.
Through the sheet metal into the wood, or the metal may be so pierced and
pressed into the wood that neither nails or screws need be used. a shows the
metal turned over to take the raw edge off. is the spindle way. e¹ the angle or lip
above the drawer way. S. the semi-circle showing the place where the end of the
perforated semi-cylinder will rest upon the lip e. E is an aperture or drawer
way, 9. g. g. lap over in. on the base and each side of the lower part of the
machine n. n. soldered ou m. m. as described in Fig. 1. (Sheet 1).
Fig. 3 (Sheet 1) is a small section of No. 1 binder, showing the manner they
grip and hold firm the base, and both sides of the lower part of the machine back
and front.
Fig. 4. (Sheet 1) a perforated semi-cylinder. The one shewn here is made of
finely perforated tin, the ends are made of wood in. thick, they are made from
a disc turned in a lathe, a little under 34 in. diameter, with a in. hole bored in
centre, for the spindle to run in this disc is cut across the centre grain ways of
the would it should be cut with a very thin saw or knife, so that the loss in cutting
will be as small as possible: the perforated tin should be 5 in. x 5 in. this is bent
in to a semi-cylindrical form, and tacked or nailed with about 4 nails to each of
the half discs.
across.
The perforated semi-cylinder should measure 5 in. from end to end and 3 in.
This semi-cylinder should be a neat fit between the front and back binder
each side of the machine, and down on to the hollowed slips or ribs that is glued
on to each of the sides of the machine. Their will be no need to fasten it as it
may be slipped in or out for the purpose of putting a finer or coarser one in its
place according as to what the substance is to be ground or sifted.
Fig. 5. (Sheet 2) is an end view of an earthenware cylinder about in. in
substance, about 3 in. diameter, and 3 in. long: the cylinder may be of rough
grained material through out, unglazed, or have added a rough or biting surface
by means of such material as is known by the name of or used in the manufacture
of majolica ware, or have the roughness given to the face of the cylinder, by
means of impressions in either of the two last named modes, the face of the
cylinder, might be glazed or enamelled.
:
In each end of the cylinder, there may be three or more niches, or recesses formed
in their making as shown in Nos. 1. 2. 3.
The purpose of these niches is to admit of a three armed or three fanged piece
of metal, each fang or arm to be bent at right angles, about in. from the end,
these ends dip into the niches, formed in each end of the cylinder, they should
fit so louse as to admit of the centre of the cylinder to be found, and then
cemented in their places. These arms should not project beyond the end of the
cylinder.
Fig. 6. (Sheet 2) represents the arms as described above, they may be stamped
from wrought metal by means of a die, or may be mallable cast iron: it has a
hole in the centre, 1 in. with a keyway to admit of key to meet flat surface on
each end of the spindle.
The spindle is made from in. round rod iron, bent at right angles in two
places, to form a crank about 24 in. deep with wooden knob attached.
Fig. 7. (Sheet 1) is another form of binder (No. 2) made in the form shewn
from any kind of sheet metal as in the case of No. 1 binder: the top and bottom
edges of the sheet is turned over and pressed down, to take off raw edge and add
strength.
The sides of binder lap over on to wood sides in. and are secured in the same
way as binder No. 1.
There are two of the above kind of binders, exactly alike. (These binders
Nos. 1 and 2 would of course be stamped out by means of dies,. by machinery)

page_text: :
No. 2 binder, I use for binding the woodwork of what I call the mouth or
receiver of the machine.
Fig. 8. (Sheet 1) is an end view of woodwork of the receiver, its moulded sides
are in. thick and 5 in. long. (This moulding would be done in long lengths by
machinery.)
This moulding must conform to the shape of the binder, and both conform to
the rounded face of the cylinder, which they would come near too, but not in
contact with each end of the moulded sides, are re-bated out to receive the end
in. thick as shown in dotted lines also in ;-
Fig. 9, (Sheet 1) a plan of mouth of receiver.
THE UPPER CHAMBER.
The machine may be used with or without it, as it can be taken off or put on
with ease the way to make it is as follows:-
.
in. thick.
in. deep in. wide.
I prepare two pieces of wood each 8 in. long, 3 in. wide
I form a rebate on both edges of each piece
I then half the lower end of each 1 in. from the lower end, on the other side to
the rebates; this will form a shoulder.
I then prepare two other pieces 7 in. wide, 4 in. long, in. thick, these two
pieces are the sides, they are set into the in. x in. rebate in the other two
pieces which are the back and front.
These four pieces, come flush at the top, but the front and back where the
shoulder is formed, will stand out 1 in. at the lower end of the chamber, these
standing out parts dip down into the mouth of the receiver back and front, for the
purpose of holding the chamber in its place, and allow of its being put off and on
at will.
In this chamber is arranged the presser board, weight, or spiral spring, and
stem, the pressure board being about in. thick: it should be a loose fit so that it
can pass up and down through the chamber with ease the flat weight, say in.
thick, and the same size as the board to be fastened down with screws flat on to
the presser board, the stem should be about thick round wood, at the shoulder
formed at the lower end, made firm in the presser board: this stem passes through
a hole in the cover, large enough to give it freedom to work.
The cover is made from two pieces of wood, the under piece to fit into the mouth
of the chamber, the top piece to be large enough to project over both sides and the
front these two pieces are glued and nailed together..
:
Above the cover is a flat presser knob, attached to top end of stem, the chamber
should be deep enough to take a block of salt 7 in. long, the presser board should
not come in contact with face of cylinder, but should be suspended from the cover
by means of the knob.
When the stem is raised, the presser board comes into contact with cover and
lifts it off, this allows the salt to be placed in the chamber, and the cover, board,
and stem replaced, then the machine is ready for use.
When the machine is going to be used without the upper chamber, a cover
similar to the one described, only a fixed knob may be used in the place of the
stem and the knob, the said fixed knob being for the purpose of putting off and on
the cover.
In the case of no upper chamber, the salt is pressed on to the cylinder by means
of the hand.
Fig. 10. (Sheet 2) is a vertical section of the entire apparatus.
B is the base of the machine.
m. is moulding which is set on the front and both sides.
7. is drawer front with knob attached.
A is drawer side.
d' drawer bottom.
drawer back.
.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be. performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The cylinder with modified face, to be made from metal enamelled, or
unenamelled, or earthenware, rough or enamelled for grinding, and breaking up,
as described in the early part of this. Specification, to work in combination with
the perforated semi-cylinder, made of perforated metal, woven wire, or wire cloth,
or perforated earthenware, glazed, or unglazed.
2. The stem and pressing arrangement as described to be in the upper chamber,
whether by hand, spring, or weight to be used with or without the pressing
arrangement or upper chamber.
3. The binders Nos. 1 and 2. as simplifying the construction, and adding strength
to the apparatus as described, and shown in drawing.
Dated this 13th day of January 1896.
JOHN CARROLL.