IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE FABRICS IN WARP MACHINES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Preston, of Nottingham, Manufacturer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE FABRICS
IN WARP MACHINES."
Sealed the 9th July 1858, and dated the 5th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Preston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
May 1858.
I, THOMAS PRESTON, of Nottingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE
FABRICS IN WARP MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of cut
pile fabrics in warp machines. For these purposes the lower guide bar has as
many guides as there are needles, and the pile threads or yarns are carried by
such bar, and such threads or yarns are lapped alternately to the left and to
the right over one needle, and the forming and cutting of the pile is arranged
to work as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Christopher
Nickels, on the 12th day of February 1849, but the cutting is caused to take
place after the completion of each second course and before the third course.
The upper guide bar for carrying the yarns or threads for producing the back
of the fabric, is arranged to "shog," or move so as to pass each of the threads
or yarns under two, three, or more needles, and to lap on one needle; the lapping
of these yarns or threads being caused to take place in the same directions

page_text: as the lappings of the pile yarns or threads. The work is what is called
"lap and press." When making fringes of printed or parti-colored or other
yarns or threads, the lower guide bar is caused to lap its yarns or threads, as
above explained. The forming and cutting of the pile is also as above
described. Two upper guide bars are used, one is caused to pass under one
needle and to lap on one needle, the lapping being in the same direction as
the pile threads or yarns. The second upper guide bar is caused to traverse
two needles in the opposite direction, that is, under one and over one needle,
the lapping being in the same direction as the threads or yarns of the lower
bar. By the use of hard twisted looping threads, as described in the Specifi-
cation of a Patent granted to Christopher Nickels, dated the 9th December
1848, the pile fringe made as above described will be caused to curl and
become a chenille fringe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Preston in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th
November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
PRESTON, of Nottingham, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the Twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Preston, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Preston, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Preston, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CUT PILE FABRICS IN WARP MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas Preston, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Preston, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of cut
pile fabrics in warp machines. For these purposes the lower guide bar has as
many guides as there are needles, and the pile threads or yarns are carried by
such bar, and such threads or yarns are lapped alternately to the left and to
the right over one needle, and the forming and cutting of the pile is arranged
to work as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Christopher
Nickels, on the 12th day of February, 1849, but the cutting is caused to
take place after the completion of each second course and before the third
course. The upper guide bar for carrying the yarns or threads for producing
the back of the fabric is arranged to "shog" or move, so as to pass each of
the threads or yarns under two, three, or more needles, and to lap on one
needle; the lapping of these yarns or threads being caused to take place in the
same directions as the lappings of the pile yarns or threads. The work is
what is called "lap and press." When making fringes of printed or party-
colored or other yarns or threads, the lower guide bar is caused to lap its
yarns or threads, as above explained. The forming and cutting of the pile is
also as above described. Two upper guide bars are used, one is caused to pass
under one needle, and to lap on one needle, the lapping being in the same
direction as the pile threads or yarns. The second upper guide bar is caused
to traverse two needles in the opposite direction, that is, under one and over
one needle, the lapping being in the same direction as the threads or yarns of
the lower bar. By the use of hard twisted looping threads, as described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to Christopher Nickels, dated 9th December
1848, the pile fringe made as above described will be caused to curl and
become a chenille fringe.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews a plan of a lace wheel, suitable for shogging the bottom
guide bar; and Figure 2 is a plan for shogging the upper guide bar in
carrying out the first part of my Invention; the mode of forming and cutting
the pile of warp fabrics being fully described in the Specification of Christopher
Nickels above referred to and now well known, it will not be necessary to
describe the same here, this part of my Invention being confined to the making

page_text: cut pile fabrics, such as herein described in warp machines, the peculiarity of
the fabrics is in the manner in which the lower and upper guide bars
respectively lap or work their threads on the needles. . The yarns or threads
used in producing the pile may be plain or party-colored, and the back or
ground may be made of any suitable yarn, and composed of the same or
different description of fibres to those used for producing the pile.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention, Figure 3 shews a lace
wheel for working or shogging the lower guide bar; Figure 4 shews a lace
wheel for working or shogging the middle guide bar; and Figure 5 shews a
lace wheel for shogging or working the upper guide bar.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Preston, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
THOMAS JAMES WHEELER,
Leicester.
THOMAS PRESTON. (L.S.)