Improvements in Book Binding Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 29th Apr., 1899
Improvements in Book Binding Machines.
I, LUDWIG PETTERSON, of II, South Jefferson Street, in the City of Chicago,
State of Illinois, United States, a Foreman Mechanic, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
My invention relates to machines for binding the leaves and sections of books
together preparatory to putting on the cover, and has for its object the con-
struction of a machine that will automatically connect the parts together with
a tape instead of by sewing or by staples as is ordinarily done. In carrying
out my invention I have made a machine upon a table of which I pile the
sections that go to make up a book. From this pile the machine takes the
sections one by one: carries them to a punching device which cuts in the back
of each at certain difinite points, a series of T-shaped slots; forces the cut or
punched sections along a guide to thread them upon a series of tapes: and finally
delivers them in proper order duly connected together upon a delivery table.
To accomplish these results I have made a receiving table and have provided
devices for adjusting it to different degrees of inclination. On this table I have
put feeding devices adapted to keep the book sections always in a position where
they can be reached by the carrying devices. Pneumatic devices, operated by
an air pump, are placed adjacent to the delivery end of the receiving table
for the purpose of separating the next book section to be taken from the pile on
the table. Gripping devices, suitably operated from a main driving shaft, grasp
a section, as soon as separated, and carry it downward to the punching device.
To have these sections properly placed so that the T-slots will occupy certain
definite places, there are two devices, one, located adjacent to the delivery end
of the receiving table, strikes the ends of the book section so as to bring them
to the proper lateral position before being carried away by the gripping devices,
while the other, located near the punches, strikes the bottoms of the sections so
as to bring them to the proper vertical position after being released by the
gripping devices. There are also, located between the upper and lower positions
of the book sections, certain friction devices for holding the sections from dis-
placement, either through accident or jar. The punching, or cutting devices,
consist of a series of punches and dies operated from the main driving shaft,
and through each punch is an eye in which is threaded a tape. Each punch
passes clear through the sections, somewhat after the manner of a needle, so
that the book sections are left threaded upon the tapes in the order desired.
There are also certain other devices and operations connected with producing
these results, all of which will be hereinafter more fully described.
I have carried my invention out in the manner illustrated in the accompanving
drawings in which Fig. I is a front elevation: Fig. 2 is a rear elevation: Fig. 3
is an elevation of the right hand side of the machine: Fig. 4 is a similar
elevation of the left hand side, with the fly wheel removed: Fig. 5 is an enlarged
Price S1

page_text: side elevation, partly in section, of the gripping device detached; Fig. 6 is a
front elevation of the same; Fig. 7 is a partial section on line 7-7 of Figs. 1
and 8; Fig. 8 is a section on line 8-S of Fig. 7; Figs. 9 and 10 are details
of the device for bringing the book sections to proper lateral position; Fig. 11
is an enlarged diagramatic view of the parts for moving the pneumatic device.;
Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the same parts as viewed in Fig. 4; Fig. 13 is a
detached side elevation of the die-carrying slide and the cam for moving it;
Fig. 14 is a section on line 14-14 of Fig. 13; Fig. 15 is a transverse section
on line 15-15 of Fig. 14; Fig. 16 is a partial plan of the punches and dies;
Fig. 17 is a section on line 17-17 of Fig. 16; Fig. 18 is an elevation of the
air pump; Fig. 19 is a vertical section of the same; Fig. 20 is a detail showing
how the book sections are forced on the tape; Figs. 21 and 22 are details of
the device for levelling the book sections when about to be punched; Fig. 23
is a detail of the receiving table, and Fig. 24 is a section on line 24-24 of Fig. 1.
In the said drawings 30 is a frame, on the top of which is a main shaft 31
which is driven by a pulley 32, connections between which is made by an ordinary
clutch operated by lever 33. The upper part of the frame 30 extends out into
a horizontal bed 34, from which rise two standards 35, the upper ends of which
support a shaft 36. On the shaft 36 is pivoted a receiving table 37, which is
adjustable from the bracket 38, on the bed 34, by means of the rod 39 and hand
wheel 40. At one side of the table 37 are two brackets 41 on which are adjust-
able two other brackets 42 that carry a rod 43 (see Fig. 1 and 4). Adjustable
on the rod 43 is a collar 44 which carries a transverse rod 45. On the rod 45
are two adjustable arms 46 that serve as guides for a secondary board or table 47
mounted upon the table 37.
Pivoted in brackets 48, (see Fig. 23), on the upper end of the table 37, is a
roller 49, and another roller 50 is journalled at the lower end of the board 47.
Also secured to the lower end of the board 47 is a plate 51 which comes into
contact with, and presses against, the book sections B, shown in exagerated
thickness in Figs. 20 and 23. A metallic extension 52 is secured to the lower
end of the table 37, and over this the book sections are fed by the pressure of
the plate 51, which pressure results from the weight of the inclined board 47
riding on the rollers 49 and 50. The sons B are held in the inclined posi-
tion AA of Fig. 23 by resting against the transverse rod 52, on which are
the fingers 54 shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4. The rod 53 is supported in extensions 55
of the brackets 35. Pivoted on the rod 53, are two links 56, in the free ends of
which is supported a transverse tube 57, provided, on the inner or rear side,
with cups 58. When the links 56 are swung inward, they come into contact
with the lower face of the front section B on the table 37-52-(see Fig. 23).
One end of the tube 57 sealed or closed, and on the other end is a flexible
pipe or hose 59, the other end of which is connected to an air pump 60, pivoted
at Gi to the frame or base 30, and operated by the crank 62 on the main shaft 31.
Secured to a shaft 63, supported in the brackets or standards 35, is an arm 64,
on the end of which is a roller 65 that comes into contact with a cam 68 located
near the center of the machine on the main shaft 31. Also secured to the
shaft 63 is a second arm 66. A spring 67 has one end secured to the arm 66
and the other end secured to the adjacent standard 35 (see Figs. 4, 11 and 12)
and serves as a means of keeping the roller 65 in contact with its cam 68. At.
the upper end of the arm 66 is pivoted a rod 69, the other end of which ter-
minates in a fork composed of the rod 69, block 70 and a second rod 71. This
fork embraces a collar 72 on the tube 57. A spring 73, of less strength than
spring 67, serves to keep collar 72 in the fork. When the cam 68 pushes the
roller 65 forward, it retracts the fork 70 and permits the spring 73 to draw
the levers 56 and tube 57 back with the cups 58 against the bottom part of the
front section B. When the cam 68 recedes, the spring 67 moves these parts in
the opposite direction so that the cups 58 stand in the position shown in Fig. 5.
The cups 58 are made of soft rubber, and the crank C2 is so in with the motion

page_text: thereof, that the pump 60 will exhaust the air from the tube 57 at the instant
of contact between the said cups and the section B. As a result of this action,
the cups 58 draw the bottom edge of the front section B out clear of the ledge 52
so that the fingers shown in Fig. 5 can readily grasp it and draw it downward.
Behind the pump 60 is pivoted a lever 74, one end of which closes a relief
valve 75 opening into the bottom of the pump cylinder 60, and the other end
of which is adjacent to the cylindrical surface of the crank 62. Inserted in
the crank disk 62 is an inset, or cam, 76 so related to the crank pin for operating
the pump, that it will strike the lever 74 and open the relief valve 75 at the
instant the fingers of Fig. 5 are in the act of gripping the book section B that
has been moved out by the cups 58. The effect of this action is to admit air
to the air pump 60 and thus relieve the suction exerted by the cups 58 upon
the book section B, and consequently to release said section so that the fingers
may draw it downward.
Also
On the front of the base or frame 30 is secured a bracket 77 in which is guided
a sliding rod 78, on the top and bottom of which are cross pieces 79 and SO.
(See Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 6). The cross piece 79 is pinned at 81 to the rod 78,
while the cross piece 80 is free to slide thereon. Secured to the cross piece 79,
by the screws 82, are two vertical flat rods 83, the upper ends of which terminate
in the bent fingers 84, in a slot in which is a roller 85. Through each slot,
and in contact with the rollers, pass other bent fingers S6, which form the upper
end of flat rods 87 that are connected to the ends of the cross piece 80.
connected to the cross piece 80 are two rods 88 having their upper ends con-
nected to a lever 89. pivoted in the frame and operated by a cam on the main
shaft 31. This cam is of the ordinary kind and serves to tilt the lever 89 so
as to give the cross piece 80 a vertical movement sufficient to accomplish the
results hereinafter described. This cam, which will be referred to as 68", is in
one piece with cam 68. Another cam, 68b, for moving the die blocks, is also
in the same piece with cam 68, and will be referred to in the description of
that part. The bracket 77 is cut out, and in this cut is inserted a spring 90,
faced with a piece of rawhide 89", which bears against, and produces friction
on the rod 78. Near the top, the rod 78 is slightly flattened at 91 so that
when the parts 78 and 88 are in the position shown in Figs. 3 and 6, the
friction of the rawhide 89 on the rod 78 will cease, and the rod 78, and the
parts connected thereto, will drop as far as the fingers 84 and 86 and the roller 85
will permit. Assuming that the parts last described are in the position shown
in Figs. 3 and 4, then the cross piece 80 will be supported on the rods 88, and
will in turn support the rods 87 and fingers 86. The cross piece 79, being no
longer supported by friction between 78 and 89, will drop, carrying with it
the rods 83 and fingers 84 until they are stopped by the rollers 85 coming into
contact with the bend in the lower part of fingers 86. This will cause the
fingers 84-86 to be opened. As the cam 68" tilts the lever 89 to raise these
parts, the lift will be on the parts S0 and 87 and consequently the fingers 84-86
will remain open during the entire rising movement. When, however, the
downward movement commences, the friction between spring 90 and rod 78,
will hold the fingers 84 stationary until the fingers 86 close upon them with
sufficient force to pull them down against the friction between 78 and 89*-90.
It will be evident that the fingers 84-86 will remain closed during the downward
movement until the rod 78 reaches the point where the flattened place 91 comes
opposite the spring 90. At this point, there being no more friction to support
rod 78, it, and the fingers 84, will drop, thus opening fingers 84-86 and releas-
ing anything held between them. These movements are so related to those of
the cups 58, that when said cups have drawn a book section B forward, the
fingers 84-86 will grip the lower edge of said section and commence to move
it downward, at the instant the relief valve 75 is opened to release the suction
hold of the cups 58 on said section.
Secured to each side of the bed 34 are two rods or arms 92 which are vertically

page_text: adjustable by means of the slots 93 and bolts 94. In the upper ends of the
rods 92 is supported a transverse shaft 95, whose position is about midway
between the bed 34 and the lower end of the table 37. On the shaft 95 are
mounted two disks 96, between the faces of which are four rods 97 that surround
two other disks 98, also on shaft 95 and between the disks 96. On the periphery
of each of the disks 98 are four springs 99, and opposite these springs are eccen-
trics 100 that are clamped by screws 101 on the rods 97. The construction is
such that the eccentrics 100 bear against and compress the springs 99, and the
amount of this compression is determined by the position of the eccentrics 100.
The screws 101 permit these eccentrics being adjusted so as to increase or
diminish the compression of the springs 99 as desired. The position of the
shaft 95 is such that the outer, or front, spring 99, at its point of contact with
its eccentrics, lies in the plane through which the book sections pass in being
drawn from their upper to their lower position by the fingers 84-86. The
book sections are therefor drawn between the springs 99 and eccentrics 100, and
the pressure put upon them by these parts serves to keep them straight and the
leaves together. The vertical adjustment of the shaft 95 is such that this fric
tional holding of the book sections is close to the upper edge when the lower
edge is in a position to be cut or punched. On the left end of shaft 95 are
two other disks 102, between which are four pins 103. On the main shaft. 31,
in line with the disks 102, is a cam 104 which operates upon a roller 105 carried
on the connecting rod 106. The other end of the connecting rod 106 terminates
in a yoke 107 that surrounds the pins 103. Pivoted in the yoke 107 is a dog
or pawl 108 provided with a spring 109 for moving or keeping it in contact
with the pins 103. These parts are in effect and operation, a ratchet wheel
and pawl, and the cam moves the pawl far enough to turn the shaft 95 one-
quarter revolution. This one-quarter revolution turns the disks 96 and 98 and
consequently the springs 99 and eccentrics 100 so that those in contact with a
book section will pass off of the upper edge, and the next one approaching will
push the book section away so as to leave room for the fingers 84-86 to rise
for another book section, which in turn is brought down between the next spring
and eccentric. This movement to release the book sections preferably occurs
about the time of punching the lower edge or a little later than that action,
so that said sections will not become displaced.
The cam 68 acts upon a roller 110 carried by a slide 111 on the bed 34. On
the front end of the slide 111 is a block 112, between which, and a cap plate 113,
are held a series of die blocks 114. Screws 115 serve as a means of holding
and adjusting the positions of the dies 114. On the bed 34, in front of the
slide 111, are secured a series of punches 116, each one of which is adapted to
enter a corresponding die 114 when the latter are moved forward by cam 68b.
Secured to a shaft 117, on the bed 34, is a bail 118 that has its front bar 119
under the cutting ends of the punches 116. On the bar 119 are some inwardly
projecting arms or fingers 120 which pass between the die blocks 114 and serve
as a base or stop for the lower edges of the book sections when drawn downward
by the fingers 84-86.
On the sides of the slide 111 are pins 121 which engage cam surfaces 122
cut in the under side of the bars 118 of the bail 118-119. The action is
such that as the slide 111 with its pins 121 move forward, in the act of cutting
or punching a section B as shown in Fig. 20, the bail fingers 120 rise under
the book section and bring it to the exact position required.
The punches 116 are T-shaped, the front ends of the heads of which project
over and are provided with openings 123, through which pass the tapes 124-
(see Figs. 16, 17 and 20). One edge of the openings 123 is provided with
points 125 which pierce and hold the tapes 124 near one end. In Fig. 20 the
book sections B are shown exagerated, and the dies 114 force them, one after
another, on the punches 116. From the punches, the book sections pass to
the tapes 124, when they are in the condition necessary to bind them together
in book form in the manner shown and described in the British Patent of

page_text: William Boehmer No. 14,742, dated July 4th 1898. The section B, threaded
upon the tapes 124, are received upon the delivery table 126, from which place
they can be removed as wanted.
On the face of the crank 62 is secured a small cam 130 which engages a
roller 131 on the end of a lever 182 which is pivoted at 133 on the bracket 160
on standard 35.
The cam 1830
A spring 134 (see Fig. 9) serves to keep the roller 131 in contact with the
cam 130. The upper end of lever 132 is provided with a slot 135 which engages
a pin 1836 on a rod 137 that slides in a bracket-13S. The bracket 138 is secured
to and adjustable on the shaft 53. The inner end of the rod 137 carries a
plate 139 which is adjacent to the fingers 54 on the shaft 53.
acts to reciprocate the plate 139 so as to cause it to strike the ends of the book
sections Bas they rest upon the receiving table 37-52. This brings the book
sections into proper lateral position before they are gripped by the fingers 84-86
to be carried down to the punches 116. The pin 136 is not connected directly
to the rod 137, but to a collar 140 adjustable on said rod. This permits of
lateral adjustment of the plate 139 so as to make it correspond to the required
position of the book sections with respect to the punches 116.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what I
claim is:-
1. In a machine for connecting book sections together, devices for punching
definitely located openings near one edge of such sections, and means for
stringing said sections upon two or more continuous tapes.
2. In a machine for binding book sections by tapes, devices for punching
T-shaped slots in said sections, and means for passing tapes through said slots.
3. The combination with a series of book sections, a receiving table and a
delivery table, of devices for moving said sections from one table to the other,
punches for making holes in said sections, and means for passing tapes through
said holes.
4. A receiving table, book sections thereon, devices for feeding said sections
continuously towards one end, means for separating the lower edge of the front
section from the next adjacent one, and gripping devices adapted to grasp the
separated edge and move the said front section.
5. An inclined receiving table, devices for adjusting the amount of incline,
book sections on said table, a feeding board mounted on rollers and adapted to
move said sections toward the lower end of said table, a stop for preventing
said sections from falling off of said table, a device for separating one edge of the
forward section from the others, and additional devices for removing the section
so separated.
6. A receiving table, book sections thereon, devices for feeding said sections
continuously toward the delivery end of the table, a second device for bringing
said sections to a predetermined lateral position, and means for removing said
sections one by one from the delivery end of said table.
7. A receiving table, book sections thereon, means for adjusting the position
of said table, a feeding device mounted on said table and adapted to move said
sections toward the delivery end thereof, a device for bringing said sections to
a predetermined lateral position, and means for removing the sections one by
one from said table.
8. A receiving table, book sections thereon, means for adjusting the position
of said table, a feeding device mounted on said table and adapted to move said
sections toward the delivery end thereof, a stop for the sections near the delivery
end of the table, means for bringing said sections to a predetermined lateral
position, and devices for removing the sections one by one from said table.
9. An inclined receiving table, means for adjusting the amount of such
incline, book section on said table, a board also on aid table and in contact with

page_text: said sections, rollers on which said board is mounted so as to permit its weight
to push said sections toward the lower end of said table, a stop tor said sections
near the lower end of sand table, devices for bringing said sections to a definite
lateral position, and means for removing said sections one by one from said
table.
10. A receiving table, and means for adjusting its position, book sections
thereon, a board adapted to move said sections toward the lower end of said
table, and adjustable guiding devices for said board.
11. An inclined receiving table, means for adjusting the amount of such
incline, book sections on said table, a board adapted to move said sections toward
the lower end of said table, rollers on which said board rides, devices for guiding
the movement of said board, and means for adjusting the position of said guiding
devices.
12. An inclined receiving table and means for adjusting the amount of such
incline, book sections on said table, a board adapted to move said sections
toward the lower end of said table, a step for limiting such movement, and
adjustable guiding devices for said board.
13. A receiving table and means for adjusting its position, book sections
thereon, a board adapted to move said sections toward the lower end of said table,
adjustable guiding devices for said board, a stop for limiting the downward
movement of said sections, and a second device for moving the sections to a
definite lateral position.
14. A receiving table and book sections thereon, pneumatic devices adapted
to separate one edge of the front section from the remaining sections, and grip-
ping devices adapted to seize the separated edge and remove said front section
from said table.
15. A series of book sections and devices for moving them into contact with
a stop, pneumatic devices adapted to separate one edge of the front section from
the remaining sections, and gripping devices adapted to seize the separated edge
and remove said front section.
16. A series of book sections and devices for nioving them into contact with
a stop, a second device for adjusting the lateral position of said sections
pneumatic devices for separating one edge of the front section from the remaining
sections, and gripping devices adapted to seize and remove the separated section.
17. A series of book sections in contact with each other, one or more cups of
rubber or other suitable material, connections from said cups to an air pump,
means for operating said pump so as to cause air to pass through said cups, and
means for moving said cups to and from said sections for the purpose described.
18. A series of book sections and means for moving them to a predetermined
position, one or more cups and means for moving them toward and from the
front section, an air pump adapted to produce a section in said cups to enable
them to separate the front section from the remaining sections, and devices for
removing the separated sections.
19. A series of book sections and means for moving them against a stop,
pneumatic devices consisting of a suction pump and cups adapted to be moved
into contact with the front section, means for moving said cups so as to separate
one edge of said front section from the remaining sections, gripping devices
for removing the separated section, and means for relieving the suction of said
pneumatic devices when said section is gripped.
20. A series of book sections and means for separating one edge of the
forward section from the other sections, a gripping device consisting of fingers
adapted to be opened and closed by the movement of the device, means for
moving the device so as to cause it to grip the separated section, and means for
moving the device so as to cause it to deposit said section adjacent to a punching
device.
21. A pair of fingers connected together and having a limited longitudinal
movement with respect to each other, means whereby a movement in one direction

page_text: will cause said fingers to close and a movement in the opposite direction will
cause them to open, power connections to one of said fingers for giving it a
longitudinal movement of considerable extent, and a frictional device connected
to the other finger for producing a limited resistance to such movement.
22. A bent finger having an opening there-through and a roller in said
opening, a second finger passing through said opening adjacent to said roller,
means whereby the sliding of the second finger with respect to the first will
cause said fingers to open or close accordingly to the direction of such movement,
and means for producing such sliding movement alternately in opposite directions.
23. A book section, a device adapted to grip and move said section from one
point to another, a friction device supported in the plane of movement of said
section and adapted to hold the leaves thereof together, means for releasing
said section froni said gripping device, and means for discharging said section
from said friction device.
24. A receiving table and book sections thereon, a gripping device adapted to
seize the front section on said table, means for moving said grip so as to carry
said front section from said table to a point adjacent to a punching device, a
friction device through which said section passes in being moved, and means
for turning said friction device so as to release said section.
25. A book section and devices for moving it from one position to another,
a friction device through which said section passes in being moved and which
holds the upper edge thereof when at its second position, means for adjusting
the tension of said friction device, and means for moving it so as to release
said section.
26. In a book binding machine, a friction device consisting of a disk provided
with a number of springs secured to its periphery, an eccentric supported
opposite each spring and in contact therewith, means for adjusting said eccentric
so as to vary the tension of said springs, means for moving a book section so as
to cause it to pass between a spring and its corresponding eccentric, and means
for turning said disk to release the section.
27. A book section and device for moving it from one position to another, a
friction device through which said section passes in being moved and by which
one edge is held while in its second position, and means for adjusting the
position of said friction device.
28. In a book binding machine, a friction device adapted to act upon a book
section while being moved from one place to another, means for adjusting the
amount of friction produced by said device, and means for adjusting the position
of said device.
29. In a book binding machine, a friction device adapted to act upon a book
section while being moved from one position to another, means for adjusting
the amount of friction produced by said device, means for adjusting the position
of said device with respect to the second position of said book section, and a
pawl and a ratchet device for turning said friction device so as to release it from
said book section.
30. The combination with a receiving table, book sections thereon and means
for moving said sections against a stop near one end of said table, of a device
for moving said sections laterally to a proper position, pneumatic devices for
separating an edge of the front section from the remaining sections, a gripping
device adapted to seize the separated section and move it to another point, and
a friction device adapted to act upon said section while being so moved.
31. The combination with a receiving table, book section thereon, means for
moving said sections to a stop near one end of said table, and a device for
moving them to a proper lateral position, of pneumatic devices for separating
one edge of the front section from the other sections, a gripping device adapted
to seize the separated section and move it to another position, a friction device
adapted to act upon said section while being so moved, and means for adjusting
the position of said friction device.

page_text: 32. In a book binding machine, a series of book sections, punches and dies
adapted to make holes through said sections, means for moving said sections
one by one to a position in front of said punches, and means for operating said
dies so as to punch holes in said sections."
33. In a book binding machine, a T-shaped punch and a die therefor, a tape
secured to the rear end of said punch and means for forcing book sections over
said punch and on to said tape.
34. A punch and a die, an opening through the rear end of said punch, a tape
having one end secured in said opening, a series of book sections, and means for
forcing said sections, over said punch so as to thread them upon said tape.
35. A T-shaped punch supported on one side, a tape secured to the rear end
of said punch, a series of book sections, and means for forcing said sections over
said punch so as to thread them upon said tape.
36. A T-shaped punch and means for supporting it from one side, an opening
through the rear end of said punch a tape having its end secured in said punch,
a series of book sections, and means for forcing said sections over said punch
to thread them upon said tape.
37. A punch having an overhanging lip at its rear an opening through said
overhanging points projecting into said opening, and a tape passing through.
said opening and secured ly said points.
38. A series of punches and dies and means for operating them, a series of
book sections and devices for moving them one by one to a position between the
punches and dies, and a leveling device located below said punches and adapted
to act upon said sections so as to bring them to a proper position with respect
to said punches.
39. A receiving table and a series of book sections thereon, a series of punches
and dies and means for operating them, a gripping device and means for moving
it so as to carry said sections from said table to said punches and dies, a device
for holding the upper edge of said sections during the punching operation, and
means for releasing said holding device.
40. A receiving table and a series of book sections thereon, a series of punches
and dies and means for operating them, a pneumatic device and means for
operating it to separate one edge of the front section on said table from the
other sections, a gripping device and means for moving it to carry the separated
sections from said table to said punches, a device for holding the moved section
during the operation of punching, and means for releasing said holding device.
41. A receiving table and a series of bock sections thereon, a series of punches
and dies and means for operating them, a gripping device and means for moving
it to carry said sections from said table to said punches and dies, a levelling
device located under said punches for stopping said sections at a proper position,
and a device for holding the upper edge of said section during the punching
operation.
42. A series of book sections and a receiving table for holding them, a device
for moving said sections toward one end of said table and a stop for limiting
such movement, a gripping device for seizing the front section and means for
moving said grip so as to carry said section to another position, punches and
dies located adjacent to the second position of said section and means for operating
them, and a friction device adapted to hold the upper edge of a section while
being operated upon by said punches and dies.
43. A series of book sections and a receiving table for holding them, a device
for moving said sections toward one end of said table and a stop for limiting
such movement, a second device for moving said sections into a proper lateral
position, a gripping device for seizing the front section and means for moving
said grip so as to carry said section to a second position, punches and dies located
adjacent to said second position and means for operating them, a friction device
adapted to hold the upper edge of a section while being operated upon by said

page_text: punches and dies, and means for releasing the friction device after the punching
operation is complete.
Dated this fith day of October 1898.
For the Applicant,
J. G. LORRAIN, M.İ.E.E., M.I. Mech.E.,
Chartered Patent Agent.