AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Emile Jean Flamand, of Nantes, Department
of the Loire Inférieure, in the Republic of France, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER
BOILERS."
Sealed the 6th June 1873, and dated the 14th December 1872. '
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emile Jean Flamand
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th December 1872.
I, EMILE JEAN FLAMAND, of Nantes, Department of the Loire
Inférieure, in the Republic of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
AND OTHER BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the combination of crossed pipes or tubes
with boilers in such a manner as to rapidly produce a large quantity of
steam in a small space, relying upon the circulation of the water, which

page_text: from cold immediately becomes boiling in the tubes, issuing therefrom
in jets of steam in every direction at a very high temperature and in a
very considerable proportion, the main object of my Invention being
the production of a safe, light, and small boiler, such as has long been
desired for steam launches, steam yatchs, and small steam boats making
regular journeys with passengers or merchandise; but my Invention is
equally applicable to other boilers.
Figure 1 (Sheet I.) is a vertical longitudinal section through a hori-
zontal boiler. embodying my Invention; Figure 2 (Sheet II.) is a
transverse vertical section of same showing the various positions occupied 1
by the tubes and showing them crossed; Figure 3 (Sheet I.) is a hori-
zontal section of same; and Figure 4 (Sheet II.) indicates at a scale of
one-half the manner in which the tubes are fixed.
Figure 5 (Sheet III.) is a vertical section through the axis of a
vertical boiler embodying my Invention; and Figure 6 (Sheet III.) is a 1
transverse section of same showing the arrangement of the tubes in the
boiler. These boilers are drawn to a scale of 1 th.
10
The horizontal boiler shown Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 is arranged for a
boat; it has a diameter of about 4 feet 9 inches (1" 40°), is 4 ft. 2 in.
(1m 25°) long, and is sufficient for a machine of from 12 to 15-horse a
power, marked for a pressure of 105 lbs. to the square inch (7 atmos-
pheres); it weighs with the water about two tons (2000 kil*.) and
gives a direct heating surface of about 9 square yards (8%, square
metres).
The vertical boiler, shown Figs. 5 and 6, is for general application, a
whether for land or boat engines. It is sufficient for an engine of about
8 horse power, marked for a pressure of 120 lbs. to the square inch
(8 atmospheres), and gives a direct heating surface of more than 4 square
yards (4 square metres). Both these boilers are provided with feed
water heaters. The fire-place and its casing being circular there are 3
no cross tie pieces, which are always prejudicial, and by unbolting or
unriveting two joints only the boiler may at once be examined and
cleaned in all its parts.
.
The arrangement of the grate and the natural mixture of the flame
and smoke dividing between the sheaves of tubes inclined in every ¿

page_text: direction ensures to boilers provided with this system of tubes the
certainty of being smoke consuming. These boilers as well as the
tubes are supposed to be of steel, but may be made of any other suitable
metal, and the shape of the boilers and even the arrangement of the
crossed tubes as well as their shape may be modified to suit the various
applications of my system.
I will now describe the horizontal boiler shown Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4,
Sheets I. and II. a is the fire-grate where the combustion of the fuel
takes place. The flame passes over a fire-bridge b and then disperses
and mixes between the tubes c, which are so arranged that while
profiting from all the direct heat they may mix the flame and the
smoke and cause the combustion of this latter. Finally, the flame
passes under a sheet of water and escapes into the chimney e after
having given its heat to the feed water heater f.
The chamber containing the tubes is formed of a circular metal plate,
and the tubes are arranged thercin in rows of 6 (this number may be
increased or lessened according to the size of the boilers). The first row
is vertical; the tubes are set about an inch (20 m/m) apart; the second
row is inclined on one side, the third on the other; the fourth is vertical,
and so on. The extreme ends of the tubes always abutting at a certain
distance from each other the result is that the several rows of tubes may
have but about 12th of an inch between them (one millimetre), which
permits the placing of a great number in no great length, while leaving
sufficient passage for the flame throughout the action of its heat. Two
bolted or riveted joints h, i, may be separated in a moment, and the
examination and cleaning of the boiler are then most casily effected.
Two openings l, m, permit the renewal of the joint i with perfect
security.
I will now describe the vertical boiler shown Figs. 5 and 6,
(Sheet III.) The tubes in this boiler are 12 in a row,
but there may be
greater number in one or several rows. A is an outer casing; B, casing
of fire-place which slightly inclines inwards towards the middle of its
height to carry the lower end of the tube C, the other end D of which
abuts in the top of fire-box; f is the feed water heater; E being the
top of the fire-grate, the flame rises and soon disperses itself between
the sheaves of tubes to mix with the smoke of which it effects. the

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Emile Jean Flamand in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EMILE
JEAN FLAMAND, of Nantes, Department of the Loire Inférieure, in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Emile Jean Flamand, Her special
licence that I, the said Emile Jean Flamand, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Emile Jean
Flamand, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercisc, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Emile Jean Flamand,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Emile Jean Flamand, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The main purpose and advantage of my system of boilers being to
obtain a great vaporization in a limited space, that is to say, to make
the boilers as light and as small as possible, giving to them only such
forms as naturally afford great resistance while permitting the sup-
pression of stays or tie pieces, which are always prejudicial, and thereby
attaining great security it became necessary to discover a means of
rendering the whole of the water contained in the different parts of the
boilers, susceptible of vaporization by exposing to the action of the heat
by means of a rapid and natural circulation the water contained in the
lower parts, and make it reach the upper onos entirely vaporized. These
important results are obtained by means of my system of boilers, which
I will now proceed to describe, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawing, which represents two different arrangements of
boilers embodying my Invention, one being horizontal, the other
rontioal

page_text: Finally, the flame passes under a wave of water & and escapes into the
chimney e after having given its heat to the feed water heater f.
The chamber containing the tubes, and in which the mingling of the
flame and the smoke takes place, is formed of a circular sheet-iron plate,
and the tubes are so arranged in it as to forcibly direct the circulation
of the water upward, that is to say, that the water starting from the
lowest and less heated parts passes rapidly and naturally in the tubes,
where it receives the full action of the heat and issues at the upper parts
entirely vaporized. As the two bolted or even riveted joints h, i, may
be unmade in a few moments the inspection and cleansing of the boiler
are very easy. The two openings l, m, permit the remaking of the
ioint with security and facility.

page_text: have it understood that I claim as secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent the use of my improved system of steam
and other boilers as above described and shown on the Drawing in two
of its applications, whatever may be the form and destined use of such
boilers, reserving to myself the right not only to all the changes and
improvements of which they are susceptible, but also to all the various
arrangements and applications that may be made thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Emile Jean Flamand, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
LOUIS ROBIN.
JEAN BAPTISTE GIRARD.
E. J. FLAMAND. (L.S.)