matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
LIGHTING THE PUBLIC GAS LAMPS IN THE CITIES AND TOWNS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND BY ELECTRICITY, AND FOR TURNING OFF AND ON THE GAS TO SAME SIMULTANEOUSLY
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Keogh and Ffrench Augustus
Keogh, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th May 1857.
We, HENRY KEOGH, Officer on the Half-pay of Her Majesty's Army, and of
37, Hugh Street, London, and Ffrench Augustus Keogh, of No. 9, Inner
Temple, London, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "LIGHTING THE PUBLIC GAS LAMPS IN THE CITIES AND TOWNS OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND BY ELECTRICITY, AND FOR TURNING OFF AND ON THE GAS TO SAME
SIMULTANEOUSLY," to be as follows:-
An electric wire cased in gutta percha will be laid down under the roadway,
and in succession run up the inside of each lamp post. At the point at which
the electric wire will approach the gas burner, a small piece of platinum, iron,
steel, or some other suitable metal will sever the electric wire but be connected
to it. The current of electricity encountering resistance at each of these
pieces of metals will produce a spark which will ignite the gas when turned on,
as herein-after to be described. At some suitable place will be errected a
hollow iron pillar, to which a door will be attached with lock and key; within
the pillar will be a wheel with handle and fitted with teeth (as in Drawing),
intended to act on the application of manual or other force. On the horezontal
bar (see Drawing B) hereafter to be described, close to the footpath but under
the road roadway, the said horazontal bar of iron or other suitable material
will be laid down (in a suitable casing) along the entire length of the street or
streets, and when the bar will meet the wheel A, before described, as well as

page_text: at each successive lamp post or posts, where the bar will meet the tap or taps C.
The said bar will be fitted with a series of small groovings or teeth intended to
act on the gas taps to be now described. It is proposed to alter all the gas taps
from there present position, and to place them at the bottom of each lamp post,
and alter their present external shape to that of a small wheel fitted with small
groves or teeth, as in Drawing. These teeth will correspond with the teeth
in the horizontal bar B; and on the application of manual force to the wheel A,
before described, the bar will be moved some inches along the entire length of
the street or streets, and communicating with and acting on the gas taps at
each successive lamp post the gas will be turned on or off at pleasure. The
galvanic battery been then fired, instantaneous illumination of all the lamps
will be produced.

page_text: to move horizontal bar by acting on corresponding
teeth in the bar.
Horizontal bar fitted with teeth to suit Gas tap &
moveable wheel
Gas tap shaped as a wheel to act by means of teeth
Common Gas pipe
Electric wire
Point of Platinum Iron Steel or other metal united
to electric wire for the purpose of combustion.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AS AT PRESENT EMPLOYED FOR RAISING WATER FROM MINES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harry Harrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1857.
I, WILLIAM HARRY HARRISON, of Ty Mawr Ponty Pridd, Glamorganshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AS AT PRESENT EMPLOYED FOR
RAISING WATER FROM MINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
In the place of wood, as a material hitherto employed for the rods of lift and
force pumps in mines, I propose to use iron, steel, or a combination of both, in
the manner following:-
On the top of the first plunger or bucket rod there is a wrought-iron cross
head, to each end of which is attached a side rod, extending any required
distance below the pump barrel. To the lower ends of the side rods there is a
second cross head, from the centre of which is suspended a second plunger or
pump rod, precisely in the same manner as the piston rod cross head and side
rods of a high-pressure table engine, with this difference, that the connecting
rod or that part which is attached to the crank pin forms the bucket or
plunger rod for the next set of pumps, and so on throughout the whole series.
The necessary amount of counterbalance weights may be attached to any con-
venient part of the bucket or plunge rod, as will be hereafter shown, and more
particularly described in the Complete Specification of my Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of; Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS," (com-
municated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of an oxide (other than potassa,
soda, and ammonia) or superoxide, or of a metallic salt combined with tallow
or other neutral fatty matter, so as to form a fatty salt, metallic or not,
according to the oxide used. This composition is diluted or not, according
to the uses to which it is to be applied, with shale oil, or with any other oil,
essential, volatile, mineral, or otherwise. Carburets of hydrogen, balsams,
bitumens, neutral fats, and resins are also occasionally mixed, one or more of
them, with the fatty salt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING MANURE, AND OBTAINING ACCESSORY PRODUCTS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Oldfield Wärd and
Frederick Wynauts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, .
with their Petition, on the 6th June 1857:
We, FREDERICK OLDFIELD WARD, of Cork Street, Burlington Gardens, in,
the County of Middlesex, Private Gentleman, and FREDERICK WYNAUTS,
Captain of Engineers, in the Belgian Service, of the Rue de la Paix, Ixelles
lez Bruxelles, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING MANURE, AND OBTAINING ACCESSORY PRODUCTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of mixed refuse, composed partly of
azotised matters (for example, wool, leather, hair, silk, horn), partly of non-..
azotised matters (for example, cotton, flax, hemp, oil, metals).
The objects in view are to reduce the azotised ingredients of such refuse.
into portable manure of improved quality, and so far, as worth while, to..
recover separately the non-azotised ingredients, so that no part of the materials,
worth saving, may, as heretofore, be needlessly sacrificed; also to improve.
the quality of the azotised product, & to diminish the cost of the treatment.
The means employed may be described in general terms, as rendering.
unnecessary the use of the acid and alcaline disintegrants hitherto employed,
and as consisting principally and preferably, first, in the application of an.
atmosphere of steam raised to a sufficient temperature between a minimum.
point, which exceeds the ordinary boiling point of water, and a maximum
point, which will be indicated and applied under proper regulation for a

page_text: sufficient time to attack and render friable the azotised matters, without
disintegrating the unazotised matters which it is sought to save.
Secondly, in the application, conjointly with the above treatment, of suitable
mechanical means, such, for example, as beating, sifting, rubbing, pressure,
& the like, to separate the azotised from the non-azotised ingredients of the
mass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CYLINDER PRINTING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dunsmore Mac Nicol at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th July 1857.
I, JOHN DUNSMORE MAC NICOL, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Designer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CYLINDER PRINTING," to be
as follows:-
That part of the machine used in cylinder printing, technically called
the "doctor," being hitherto made or constructed of a thin piece of steel,
which yields or vibrates by the pressure of the machine, thereby causing the
coloring matter to damage the engraved parts by making what are called
"doctor scratches," for which the merchant makes very heavy deductions from
the printer's charges.
To avoid or obviate the said defects, I propose to make the doctor of
a strong solid piece of metal, with strong bushes at each end, so that when
it comes in contact with the copper. rollers it will not give way, so as to mako
scratches or damages. By this kind of a doctor I shall be enabled to print
blotch grounds as well as white grounds by the machine, the former having
been hitherto done by hand, or what is termed "block printing."

page_text: By this arrangement of doctor, and by making it the whole width of the
copper roller, I am enabled to print a solid, six, eight, or ten inches, or
the whole width of the cloth, if desired; whereas, on the present system,
a solid cannot be produced of more than about one inch and a half in breadth.
AN IMPROVED ROTATIVE ENGINE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georges Antoine Tabourin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1857.
I, GEORGES ANTOINE TABOURIN, of the Town of Lyons, France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ROTATIVE ENGINE,"
to be as follows:-
The rotative engine of my Invention runs in a closed circular chamber or
vessel under the constant pressure of some elastic fluid which does not escape
after its action; I prefer employing atmospheric air compressed to 8, 4, or 5
atmospheres in a separate vessel, which is to be conveyed to the engine
through the pipe A, and a sliding valve B allows it to rush into an empty
space over the circular chamber H. A wheel G, composed of separate
cells E, E, is keyed on the shaft F. The motive fluid has to pass through the
apertures of a thick grate C, to which the mouths correspond, and the wheel
is driven by the pressure exerted on the sides of the cells opposed to them.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Chapman March, of Alwalton Mills, in the County
of Huntingdon, Miller, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER."
Sealed the 3rd September 1857, and dated the 13th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Chapman March at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1857.
I, CHAPMAN MARCH, of Alwalton Mills, in the County of Huntingdon,
Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the obtainment of motive power for general
purposes, from what may be termed purely natural sources. It is based upon
the theory that the sun is the grand central power of repulsion and attraction
of the universe, possessing alternated drifts or lines of repulsive and attractive
movement, which lines act upon the earth in such manner as to cause the
revolution of the latter. The special apparatus by means of which this power
is taken advantage of, consists of a vertical first-motion shaft, carrying a
horizontal wheel, round the periphery of which are disposed a set of thirty-two
natural magnets, interpolated with corresponding pieces of steel, the whole

page_text: series being dovetailed into each other to form a complete ring, the whole
being held down by a ring of copper plates.
This arrangement for obtaining a direct rotatory motion of the wheel is
applicable for general purposes, but it is particularly useful in conjunction
with the "Improvements in Propelling and Working Ships or Vessels," for
which 'Mr. Chapman March obtained a grant of British Letters Patent, on or
about the Ninth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
When applied to work in conjunction with the wind wheel described in the
Specification of that Patent, the magnetic power wheel is disposed upon the
wind wheel, a layer of caoutchouc being interposed between the two wheels.
In crossing the equatorial lines where the sun is at times vertical, this
arrangement will answer well, inasmuch as the wind wheel itself would be
comparatively useless from the great prevalence of calms in such situations.
AN IMPROVED CANDLESTICK OR HOLDER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antonio Ribeiro Saraiva at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th December 1857.
I, ANTONIO RIBEIRO SARAIVA, of Portugal, but now of Nottingham Street,
Marylebone, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of
"AN IMPROVED CANDLESTICK OR HOLDER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the construction of a candlestick or candleholder
in which the candle is made to burn at a fixed height.
I employ a tube or cylinder of rather larger dimensions than the candle,
closed at bottom, where a space is left for a float or cork of a suitable shape
and dimensions to permit of its playing up and down the tube. A water-
tight chamber or reservoir of a convenient form is fixed at its top.and bottom
parts to the upper circumference of the tube. Water is introduced through
the top of the tube, which fills it to a certain height, the candle being then
inserted causes the water first to rise and fill the remaining empty space in
the tube, then to enter the chamber through a hole in the part of the tube
covered thereby. This tube also serves for the gradual return of the water in
the chamber into the lower part of the tube, where the float plays whilst the
candle goes on consuming and rising. A little above this hole another hole is
made, to fix the level of the water in the inner tube, causing the. candle to
burn at the desired height above that level. The quantity of water intro-

page_text: duced should be a little more than sufficient to balance the weight of the
candle.
The form of the holder may be modified, and any suitable material may be
employed for its construction, so as to be applicable not only to candlesticks,
but to candelabras, chandeliers, or otherwise, where candles are used.
The reservoir, in lieu of being on the tube, may be set apart and above it,
and put in proper communication therewith, the water being then introduced
by a suitable inlet.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATERCLOSETS UPON THE PRINCIPLE OF SELF-ACTION AND SELF-CLEANSING, CALLED THE SELF-CLEANSING WATERCLOSET
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bullock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1857.
I, THOMAS BULLOCK, of No. 4, Skinner Place, Holloway, in the Parish of
Saint Mary, Islington, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATERCLOSETS UPON THE PRINCIPLE OF SELF-ACTION AND
SELF-CLEANSING, CALLED THE SELF-CLEANSING WATERCLOSET," to be as follows,
viz.:—
The object proposed to be effected by this Invention is to thoroughly
cleanse the trap and pipes of waterclosets, by insuring and confining a body
of water in the pan sufficient to cleanse the trap and pipes every time the
closet is used, leaving clean water only in the trap, so that no foul smell can
arise from soil, or water impregnated with soil, and also to prevent wind
getting into the pan, and the whole is performed without any interference of
the person using the closet more than in using a common privy over an open
cesspool. This is effected by the following means:-The pan is fixed by its
upper rim to the under side of the seat, which is always raised when unused,
so as to leave a sufficient space between the bottom edge of the pan and that
part of the trap called the shoe, to allow the contents of the pan to flow

page_text: through into the trap, and in this shoe is formed a* basin immediately under
the bottom of the pan, the intention of which is to hold water at all times
above the bottom edge of the pan, in the same way and for the same purpose
as the trap contains water, namely, to prevent foul air and smell arising from
the drain into which the soil has passed.
When a person is about to use the closet and sits down, the seat with the
pan attached descends until the bottom edge of the pan rests in the basin,
which it fits so close as to confine the water in the pan, which flows in from a
pipe opened by the descent of the seat, and immediately the person using rises
from the seat that pipe is closed, and the whole contents of the pan is forced
through the trap, and at the same time annother** pipe is opened, which
produces a fresh supply of water sufficient to cleanse both the basin and the
trap, leaving clean water only in both.
The seat rises and descends by means of counterbalances, and sometimes by
means of springs, occupying less room; there is also a waste pipe attached, to
prevent the water rising too high.
I beg it may be distinctly understood that it is not the means by which the
water is let in or shut out of the pan for which a Patent is petitioned, (that
being nothing new,) but the means employed to secure a sufficient quantity of
water in the pan to cleanse the trap and pipes every time the closet is used,
viz., the closing the pan at the bottom by the descent of the seat and pan
attached, and letting out the contents of the pan by the rising of the seat and
pan, and also the prevention of wind getting into the pan.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WASHING COALS AND OTHER MINERALS, AND FOR SEPARATING THEM FROM OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George C. Greenwell and William
Selby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th December 1857.
We, GEORGE C. GREENWELL and WILLIAM SELBY, of Radstock, in the
County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WASHING COALS AND OTHER MINERALS, AND FOR
SEPARATING THEM FROM OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This machine, as shown by the Drawing, consists of a series of shoots
arranged in a spiral form, so that the agitation produced by the descending
force of a column of water shall separate coal or other minerals from foreign
substances, the one being carried forward by the current, and the other falling
into the angles of the shoots behind the "traps," whence it escapes. The
separation goes on until some impurity is observed to come along with the
coal into the lowest trough A, when the supply of coal and water at the top is
stopped, and the "traps" being lifted by a lever allow the exit of the impurity
mixed with some coal. This may, if required, be rewashed. If the situation
will not allow a free supply of water, the same may be used over again, being
lifted by the same machinery which raises the coal to the top of the machine.
The machine may be made of deal or sheet iron, and is applicable to the
separation of any two materials whose specific gravities are different. The
machine may be made with any number of compartments a, a, a, a, the more

page_text: compartments there are the seldomer it will require to be suspended for
removal of the rubbish. If applied to metallic washing, the substanco which
is the rubbish in the case of coal washing will be the metal or orc in the
case of metallic washing. The fall must be regulated by the relative specific
gravities.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR BRUSHES FOR SWEEPING BOILER AND OTHER TUBES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Peddie How at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1857.
I, ANDREW PEDDIE How, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CIRCULAR BRUSHES FOR SWEEPING BOILER AND OTHER TUBES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the brushes in two or more parts, and in
causing those parts to expand or recede from and approach each other, in
order to fit different sized tubes.
To one part of the foundation of the brush I fix a bed, carrying at the
centre a boss or disc. An aperture is formed through this disc to form the
bearing for a screw, which is formed with a right-handed thread from the disc
to one end, and left-handed thread from the disc to the other end. On each
of these threads there is a travelling disc. The central boss is formed with a
slot at top to receive a bar free to move up and down in it. This bar is flat
over the central boss, and thence the two ends rise upwards.
bar is passed through an aperture in one of the travelling discs, and the other
end is passed through the other travelling disc. The other part of the founda-
tion of the brush is connected by screws to the two ends of the bar. On
turning the screw shaft the travelling discs will be propelled from or towards
the central boss, and the parts of the brush will thereby be driven from or
drawn towards each other.
One end of the

page_text: Or, instead of the preceeding arrangement, I fix a bar on the inside of one
half of a circular brush foundation, and swivel thereto two or more rods or
bars. To the inside of the opposite half of the foundation I fix a tube with
a slot therein, and inside this tube is a screw-threaded rod, carrying as many
nuts as there are bars on the rods before mentioned. The free ends of these
rods are connected to the nuts. It will be readily understood that on turning
the threaded rods the bars can be made to assume a right angle or nears so
with the foundations of the brush, when the brush will be in its most expanded
state, and they may be made to lie nearly parallel with the foundations, when
the parts of the brush will be brought as close together as its construction 1
will allow.
IMPROVENENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gibson, Joseph Gascoigne,
and Samuel Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
.their Petition, on the 4th July 1857.
WC, ROBERT GIBSON, of Hunslet, in the County of York; Engineer, JOSEгI
GASCOIGNE, of Hunslet aforesaid, Engineer, and SAMUEL GIBSON, of Hunslet
aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVENENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:―
The new boiler is to have the fire underneath, with a large aperture
ascending from the grate upwards through the lower part of the boiler to a
large chamber in the midst of the boiler, into which the draught from the fire
will force the heated air. This chamber is surrounded by the boiler, - and is
traversed by tubes filled with water, passing from one part of the boiler to
another. In liko manner tubes from the chamber pass through the boiler and
carry off the heated air from the chamber into a flue, by means of which tho
heated air is carried twice round the boiler, and is ultimately discharged into
the chimney. The divisions of the flue consist of spaces filled with water,
and the bridge by which the heated air is driven from the grate into the large
chamber also consists of a space filled with water.
The main object of this mode of constructing a boiler is to get a very large
oxtent of heating surface in contact with the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING Docks
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown Hopper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1857.
I, WILLIAM BROWN HOPPER, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING
Docks," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in floating docks. Such
vessels as heretofore constructed have usually been furnished with air vessels
of just sufficient size to keep the dock floating when filled with water, and
they have been furnished with gates at one end, by which the vessel to be
docked enters, and which are afterwards closed to allow the water to be
pumped from the interior of the dock. Now, a floating dock constructed
according to my Invention consists of a platform for receiving the ship, and
having under it air vessels of sufficient capacity to support the platform with
the ship upon it above the water level. At intervals along the two sides of
the platform are formed other air vessels projecting upwards above the surface
of the platform to a height greater than the draft of the largest ship which the
dock is constructed to receive.
When the dock is to receive a ship, water is admitted to the air vessels
under the platform, which causes it to sink for some distance, but the dock is
still kept floating by the side air vessels, and the depth to which the platform

page_text: sinks can be regulated by admitting more or less water to these side air
vessels. When the platform has descended to the necessary depth the ship
is floated over it and shored in the usual way, then by means of pumps the
water is discharged from the air vessels under the platform, and thus the ship
is raised out of the water. In pumping the water from these air vessels it is
discharged through a pipe of which the outlet end is maintained constantly at
the water level, so as to avoid the necessity of raising the water higher than is
requisite for its discharge.
The docks are so arranged that when one of them is not long enough to
receive a ship required to be docked another similar dock may be fixed on at
the end of the first to make up the necessary length. To facilitate the repair
of docks of this description I so construct them that they can be divided from
end to end longitudinally, and then each of the sections can be floated into a
dock of similar construction and repaired thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FULMINATING POWDER
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Powley Alexander, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FULMINATING
POWDER." A communication.
Sealed the 6th October 1857, and dated the 9th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Powley Alex-
ander at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th April 1857.
I, EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FULMINATING
POWDER," a communication from abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a new economical fulminating
powder, suitable for the primings of fire-arms of all descriptions, or as a sub-
stitute for ordinary gunpowder, to be used either as a charge for fire-arms or
for blasting operations, and, in short, in all cases where known fulminating
powders are used.
The improvement consists in the employment of amorphous phosphorus

page_text: mixed in suitable proportions either with salt of lead, baryta, strontium, soda,
potass, tin, or zinc. The proportions may be varied, more or less, but the
following I have found to answer perfectly-amorphous phosphorous 83 parts,
nitrate of lead (for example) 917.
The several salts, herein-before referred to, mixed with the fulminates of
gold, silver, mercury, and other known fulminates, will also afford a good
result.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STOPPING HORSES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Duriez at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August 1857.
I, LEON DURIEZ, Jr., of No. 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STOPPING
HORSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This improved apparatus is applicable to saddle, carriage, or draught horses,
and can be used at the will of the rider or driver, for locking the horse's foot in
such wise as to stop the horse.
The apparatus is composed of a frame, in the interior of which are two
catches or jaws, which work on pivots and are kept in their proper position by
spiral or other springs. When in use these jaws or catches open to allow a
conical-shaped stop to pass through, the jaws then close by the action of the
spring and prevent the stop from being drawn back. One or more of these
conical-shaped stops are fixed to a cord, at one end of which is a collar attached
to the horse's foot. This cord is held in the middle by pieces of india-rubber,
to prevent it shaking when the horse moves. The other end of the cord is
attached to a shoulder band, serving to prevent the saddle turning when the
horse endeavours to disengage the locked foot. In this shoulder band (which
should be loose) is passed the other leg of the horse; the cord from this

page_text: shoulder band also contains stops. Instead of the shoulder band a martingal
may be employed, which being attached to the saddle at the side, opposite to
the foot having the lock on, is passed under the belly of the horse, and receives
at its extremity the lock, collar, and cords.
The tension which the horse gives to the cord when he attempts to
disengage his foot, acting equally on the apparatus and on the ring, prevents
the movement of the saddle or harness. When required to use the apparatus
in which the shoulder band is employed, it is necessary to place in the saddle
two apparatuses, one on the right and the other on the left. The cord
of the shoulder band being first drawn up, to fix it under the arm pits; the
locking cord is drawn tight when required. If the martingal is employed, one
apparatus is sufficient.
CARRIAGE DOOR SHIELDS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS ARISING FROM THE SHUTTING OF RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR NURSERY DOORS, OR ANY OTHER Doons WHERE CHILDREN MAY HAVE ACCESS, OR WHERE SAFETY FROM ACCIDENT MAY BE AN OBJECT
Year: 1857

page_text: nis invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Norton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1857.
I, CHARLES NORTON, 3, Lancaster Place, Camden St., Camden Town,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CARRIAGE DOOR
SHIELDS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS ARISING FROM THE SHUTTING OF RAILWAY OR
OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR NURSERY DOORS, OR ANY OTHER
Doons WHERE CHILDREN MAY HAVE ACCESS, OR WHERE SAFETY FROM ACCIDENT MAY
BE AN OBJECT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in attaching two corrugated or circular pieces of
iron, brass, zinc, or any other suitable metal, as shewn in accompanying
Drawing A, A, one to the inside of the hinge stile of the door B, to move in
a circular groove (C), in the hinge post D to receive it. The other pieco
E, E, to be screwed to the inside of the carriage to protect and overlap
the piece attached to the door, when the same is open. If the door be
required to open farther than shewn in the Drawing, I make the circular
groove continue to the outside of the carriage, and covered with a piece
of thin iron countersunk with the level of the carriage; or as a moulding
which will admit of the corrugated piece A, A, to be made longer if required,
or to strengthen the connection between the top and bottom of the door
frame, I shorten the circular or corrugated zinc, iron, or brass so as to admit

page_text: the mortice of the entire frame at top and bottom, or I place a screw as
shown in the section to connect the two posts together. And where the
door curves in at the bottom so that it would require a large circular peice
A, A, I make the circular grove to continue farther then the face of tho
carrage, and cover with any suteable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNERS' AND CURRIERS' KNIVES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bartholomew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1857.
1, GEORGE BARTHOLOMEW, of the Town and County of Linlithgow,. North
Britain, Edge Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNERS' AND CURRIERS' KNIVES," to be as follows:-
This Iuvention relates to knives used by tanners and curriers in various
processes of cutting or dressing hides and leather, and consists of certain
arrangements by the aid of which such knives may be more effectually and
economically used and worked than at present. Each knife is formed of two
cutting blades set back to back a little distance apart in a clipping frame or
metal holder. This clipping frame consists of two flat parallel plates of metal,
welded or otherwise attached together at the ends, space being left between
them to receive the two cutting edge pieces. When the cutting edge picces
are inserted in their places, the handle or body of the knife is made to clip
them and hold them firmly for use by rivetting up a central row of taper rivets
passed through both plates of the body or holder. Those rivets are flush
at each end with the surface of the body or holder, and when the cutting
edges are worn down the rivets are easily knocked out and the cutting edge
pieces removed. The cutting edge pieces are then placed in a similar way in

page_text: a smaller sized holder or body, and there used until worn down for that
holder; and this system of removal and refixing is carried on throughout the
whole series of knives until the smallest knife is reached, when the cutting
edge pieces are worn out.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CLAY OR PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fletcher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1857.
I, CHARLES FLETCHER, of the City of Gloucester, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CLAY OR PLASTIC MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for making bricks, tiles, and other
articles of clay or plastic materials, relates to a novel construction of parts,
whereby the clay or other plastic material is fed to the dies or moulds, in
which the article to be produced is formed or pressed into the required shape.
The Invention consists in adapting to the feeding part of the machinery a
roller or rollers provided with sliding pallets, which are made to move radially
from and to the centre or axis of the rollers as the latter rotate in their
bearings.
The rollers or cylinders are provided with flanges, whereby the clay or
plastic material is prevented from being squeezed or pressed out laterally.
The mechanism, whereby the radial motion of the pallets is produced, may
be so arranged that the internal parts, whereby the pallets are thrust out to
receive the charge of clay or other plastic material, may be adjusted with
facility by being merely moved round, so that the pallets may be thrust out
and withdrawn at any part of the rotation of the rollers or cylinders, as may
be desired.

page_text: The clay or plastic material is supplied to the rotating rollers or cylinders
from an inclined feeding table; or from the exit aperture of a pug mill, from
which it is carried by the rollers to the channel leading to the moulds or
dies, after which the pallets are drawn back into the interior of the rollers
or cylinders, so that the surface of the latter may be kept clean by means
of suitable scrapers.
As the rollers or cylinders continue to rotate with a
regular motion, the pallets, while bringing up fresh supplies of clay or
plastic material from the inclined feeding table or pug mill, will at the
same time press forward the clay which has already been supplied to the
feeding channel, thereby keeping up a regular and constant feed of clay to
the dies or moulds without any intermission.
PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Murray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November.
1857.
I, EUGENE MURRAY, Contractor, of Beresford Street, Woolwich, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
A gong is fixed at each end of a railway train, and a connection formed by
means of a twisted wire cord to every railway carriage, the said wire to pass
over a wheel or crank which will be elevated above each pair of carriages,
with the cord brought down diagonally to a wheel or crank fixed to the end of
each carriage, and to be fastened to levers hung perpendicularly, and acted
upon by other levers placed horizontally and supported by a steel spring
causing the treadle to be constantly raised except when acted upon by pressure;
by means of which any person aware of danger in any compartment of a
railway train can instantly communicate with the engine driver and also the
guard; at the same time a signal is also made indicating the compartment
from which the announcement is made. Also a gong will be fixed at the side
of the engine or tender to supersede the use of detonating balls, and to give
any servant on the line an opportunity of apprising the driver or guard of
danger in the event of the present signals not being observed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GUM, PASTE, AND OTHER ADHESIVE MATERIALS, AND FOR FINISHING, SIZING, OR STIFFENING FABRICS AND OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH THE SAME IS OR MAY BE APPLICABLE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Adolf von Canig at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1857.
I, WILHELM ADOLF VON CANIG, of Leipsic, in the Kingdom of Saxony, but
now residing at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND OR
COMPOSITION TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GUM, PASTE, AND OTHER ADHESIVE
MATERIALS, AND FOR FINISHING, SIZING, OR STIFFENING FABRICS AND OTHER ARTICLES
TO WHICH THE SAME IS OR MAY BE APPLICABLE," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the compound or composition herein-after
explained, to be used in place of gum, flour, starch, paste, glue, isinglass, and
such other substances as are used for adhesive purposes, and for starching.
preparing, and finishing various kinds of articles, such as stiffening fabrics and
sizing threads for bookbinding, for paper hangings, and for thickening colors
for printing calicoes and other goods. In carrying my Invention into effect I
take the plant called carragheen or Irish moss, called also fucus Irlandicus,
and after sorting I dry the same by heat and reduce it to powder, and bleach
it; I mix the powdered plant with an equal quantity of starch or flour of rye,
corn, acorns, or chestnut, or the quantities may be varied according to the
purpose to which the mixture is to be applied. For example, two pounds and

page_text: a half of the carragheen when mixed with an equal quantity of starch will
make one hundred pounds of liquid size when dissolved in water, which size
will be suitable for dressing. calico, and which said size will not require the
addition of gum, soap, turpentine, or other material therewith. The mixed
powder of carragheen and starch is made into size by the addition of cold
water and subsequent boiling, similar to the manner in which starch paste
is made.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN STIPPENERS FOR WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hinks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1857.
I, JAMES HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN STIPPENERS FOR WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing stiffeners for supporting or stiffening
ladies' petticoats, and such other articles of wearing apparel as the same are
or may be applicable to. I make the said stiffeners of narrow strips of
thin sheet steel or other metal, which said strips are joined together so
as to make long continuous pieces, in the following manner :-I pierce
two holes at a short distance apart in each of the ends to be joined,
and placing the ends upon one another so that the holes shall coincide; I
insert eyelets in the said holes, and by expanding the said eyelets fix them in
their places, and thereby fasten the ends of the strips together. The eyelets
holes at the junction afford the means of connecting the stiffener with the
dress. The said strips are pierced with holes at suitable distances for attaching
to the garment, in which said holes eyelets may be inserted.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Rippon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1857.
I, JOHN JAMES RIPPON, of Oakenshaw Print Works, near Accrington, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS
FOR PRINTING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the improvement or improvements in constructing
the said rollers or cylinders herein-after described. A roller or cylinder con-
structed according to my Invention consists of a tube or hollow cylinder of
wrought or cast iron, and a tube or hollow cylinder of copper or alloy of copper
fitting upon the said iron cylinder, but capable of being removed therefrom,
so that another copper cylinder may be used with the said iron cylinder. The
said iron cylinder fits upon the ordinary axis or mandril used with printing
rollers. The copper cylinder is prevented from turning upon the iron cylinder
by four or other number of feathers or ribs in its interior engaging in corre-
sponding grooves in the iron cylinder. I form the feather or ribs in the
interior of the copper cylinder in the following manner:-I take a man-
dril having grooves in it similar to those in the iron cylinder, and I draw a
thick copper cylinder upon the said mandril. The said copper cylinder is

page_text: thereby reduced in thickness, and forced into the grooves in the mandril.
When removed from the mandril the copper cylinder has the requisite ribs or
feathers in its interior.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR SWINGING, SEE-SAWING, REVOLVING, AND FOR PER- FORMING OTHER EXERCISES OR AMUSEMENTS IN THE AIR
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Jean Marie Lavigne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1857.
CHARLES JEAN MARIE LAVIGNE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR SWINGING, SEE-SAWING, REVOLVING, AND FOR PER-
FORMING OTHER EXERCISES OR AMUSEMENTS IN THE AIR," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus used principally at
fairs, such as swings, see-saws, and roundabouts. With respect to see-saws, I
mount the axis on a pillar which is free to rotate; it is furnished with a crank
which imparts or regulates the up-and-down motion of the see-saw. Masts
and sails are raised from the ends of the see-saw to steady the motion; these
masts are continuations of the rods by which the players are suspended. The
players in the cars may either move themselves by large blades, like oars,
acting on the air, or the machine may be moved by assistants; a peculiar
motion is imparted, being up and down and at the same time roundabout.
In vertical machines rotating on a horizontal axis, the cars or wood horses
carrying the players are counterbalanced by weights traversing towards or
from the axis, as required. I further steady the motion of these machines by
sails, or balloons inflated. The traversing weights may be used and moved by
the players in the cars to create the necessary preponderance to induce rotation.
or an assistant may drive the machine by a winch handle, giving motion to a

page_text: pulley, which motion is transmitted to the rotating axis of the machine by
endless ropes or chains.
Another machine performs a rotatory motion, but having its axis inclined
to the horizon. In form it is somewhat like the stem and ribs of an expanded
umbrella, supposing the stem to be the inclined axis. The cars or wood
horses carrying the players are suspended from the points of the ribs,
and when it rotates move in a plane considerably inclined. The suspending
rod of each car or horse is carried above its point of support, and forms a
mast to carry the sail for the purpose before mentioned. Rotary motion is
communicated to the inclined axis by an assistant through toothed wheels or
otherwise, or the players may assist themselves in the rotary motion by
allowing them to approach near enough to touch the ground at their lowest
point.
The last machine consists of a swing in which the players stand on a disc
or surface which rotates during the act of swinging; it is furnished with a
counterbalance weight carried by a pole erected from above the supporting
axis, the weight being traversed further from or nearer to the fulcrum as
required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
Year: 1857

page_text: Ims invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Michael Pearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1857.-A communication.
I, JOHN MICHAEL PEARSON, of 4, Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in so constructing coke ovens that they shall be in
pairs communicating, the waste gases and heat from each oven being made to
surround or partially surround its fellow by means of flues before passing into
a chimney or the open air, so that by charging each oven (composing a pair)
alternately, neither is allowed to get cold, and the operation of coking is
carried on with greater expedition and economy.
I prefer that the ovens be placed in a pair, back to back, but that is not
essential.