IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VINEGAR, AND IN THE ACIDULATION OR TREATMENT OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF VINEGAR, AND IN THE ACIDULATION OR TREATMENT OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A communication from
abroad by Reuben Daniel Turner and Isaac Vanderpool, both of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 3rd December 1872, and dated the 24th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with, his Petition,
on the 24th June 1872.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF VINEGAR, AND IN THE ACIDULATION OR TREATMENT OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS, AND IN
THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which is mainly designed for the manufacture of
vinegar, relates more particularly to a process for acidulating liquids by

page_text: means of ozone or ozonized air or gas specially produced or separately
collected for the purpose, and which is thoroughly mixed with the liquid
to be treated.
The principle of action employed in producing the ozone consists in
passing a current of atmospheric air through a flame, and causing the
product to be conducted by tubes into the chamber or vessel in which it
is required to collect the ozone. The induction pipe or pipes are of
large diameter to insure their being kept cool. They have perforated
closed outer ends for the introduction of the ozone, whereby the latter is
supplied in a pure state to the acidulating vessel, and an objectionable
influx of atmospheric air to the latter is avoided.
Double burnors are employed whereby the air or gas from which the
ozone is to be obtained is projected through two small flames for the
production of the ozone, thereby expediting the production, and pre-
venting the overheating of the ozone.
The liquid under treatment is admitted by jets, or in a state of fine
division or spray in a chamber or chambers containing the ozone, so that
the exposure of the liquid to the ozone is most thoroughly effected.
The back action of the ozonized air or gas is prevented, and the ascent or
distribution of the same within the acidulating vessel is facilitated by
means of pipes with lateral openings, through which the ozone escapes
into the chambers, and is impelled forward by means of a fan or
bellows.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent 2
Office on the 23rd December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for I'atents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 3
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give

page_text: .
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VINEGAR, AND IN
THE ACIDULATION OR TREATMENT OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," being a communication to me from abroad by
Reuben Danicl Turner and Isaac Vanderpool, both of the City and
State of New York, United States of America, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my
excentors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
This Invention, which is mainly designed for the manufacture of
vinegar, relates more particularly to a process for acidulating liquids by
means of ozone or ozonized air or gas specially produced or separately
collected for the purpose, and which is thoroughly mixed with the liquid
to be treated.
The principle of action employed in producing the ozone consists in
passing a current of atmospheric air through a flame, and causing the
product to be conducted by tubes into the chamber or vessel in which it
is required to collect the ozone. The induction pipe or pipes are of
large diameter to insure their being kept cool, and they have perforated
closed outer ends for the introduction of the ozone, whereby the latter is

page_text: supplied in a pure state to the acidulating vessel, and an objectionable
influx of atmospheric air to the latter is avoided.
Double burners are employed whereby the air or gas from which the
ozone is to be obtained is projected through two small flames for the
production of the ozone, thereby expediting the production, and pre-
venting the overheating of the ozone.
The liquid under treatment is admitted by jets, or in a state of fine
division or spray in a chamber or apparatus containing the ozone, so that
the exposure of the liquid to the ozono is most thoroughly effected; the
back action of the ozonized air or gas is prevented, and the ascent or
distribution of the same within the acidulating vessel is facilitated.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation
of one form or modification of an apparatus constructed in accordance
with the Invention; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same taken at
the line, x, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section at the line y, y; Fig. 4 is
a sectional elevation of a modified construction of the apparatus; and
Fig. 5 is a sectional view upon a larger scale of a spraying nozzle for
joint distribution of the liquid, and ozonised air or gas.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings A represents an acidulating tank
or vessel divided into a series (which is not restricted as to number) of
chambers B, B1, B2, all in communication with one another by tubes c, c.
These tubes are purely ducts for the ozonised air in its upward passage
from one chamber to another, and are protected against the flow of the
liquid down through them by hoods c¹, c². The liquid to be acidulated
is first introduced into an upper vessel D, and from thence is conducted
by the pipe d to the top distributor C, which scatters the liquid in the
form of spray within the upper chamber B³, from whence it passes by a
return pipe e to a second lower vessel D', to be conveyed by a pipe d' to
the next distributor C beneath, and so on from chamber to chamber till
it reaches the lowest chamber B, from whence the liquid is drawn or run
off, the same having been acidulated in its descent by the upward pro-
gress and dissemination of the ozonised air amongst the liquid in the
spray chambers.
The pipes d, d', which convey the liquid to the
roses C, C, should be provided with cocks f, f, to regulate the supply,
and the roses channeled or grooved at their edges, with the intervening
portions turned up, as shewn in Fig. 3, to open or separate the returning
liquid as it flows over them, and, to effect a more thorough exposure of

page_text: the same to the ozonised air. E is a blower by which the air to be
ozonised is forced through a pipe g into an annular distributor F, from
whence it is projected by nozzles h against and through a flame or flames,
and the product conducted by induction pipes & into the lower chamber B
of the acidulating tank.
It is preferred to employ duplicate burners 2, 1, for the production of
the detached flames. The burners, or each pair of burners, project one
behind the other from an annular gas pipe G. By this use of duplicate
burners for each nozzle and induction pipe k, the air ejected by the
blower through the nozzles is caused to pass through a large extent of
flame without risk of overheating, and is free from any large consumption
of gas, while the ozone is separated or formed partly by the heat and
partly by the friction of the flame on the air passing through it to a
fuller extent or more perfectly than is attained by the use of a single
burner and flame.
The induction pipes k project through an annular cooling water
trough H, and are of an enlarged diameter so as to present a consider-
able cooling surface, but as such pipes (if open at their ends to the full
extent of their area) would cause atmospheric air to enter and dilute the
ozone (thereby impairing its efficiency in the acidulating tank), and
would also introduce a too frce or copious supply of common air therein.
The outer ends of the induction pipes are closed, with the exception of
a small perforation & of no larger diameter or area than the ozone
current, or preferably less, so that only pure ozonised air will enter the
tank, and the supply will be so moderate or gradual that no violent
upward current will be produced in the tank.
To prevent any back action of such current by the descending liquid
the upper spray chamber B is connected by a pipe m with a tubular
stem of a stationary perforated hollow disc I, arranged so as to be
submerged in a water cylinder or chamber J that is provided with an air
escape o.
Connected with the blower E is a pipe that projects down-
wards into the hollow stem n, causing air to be forced out through the
latter and the perforated disc I, and producing a suction or draught on
the lower end of the pipe m, which affects the desired result in a most
perfect manner.
The lower or ozone receiving chamber B of the tank A is connected
131
11

page_text: so that the vinegar or acidulated liquid may settle in the bottom of the
tank, and be drawn off therefrom as required.
In Figures 4 and 5 an apparatus is shewn in which the ozone is
collected in a separate vessel B, and from thence is drawn or forced by a
pump K and pipe m¹ into the upper portion of a closed trough or
receiver L, arranged around or on one or more sides of the acidulating
vessel A at a level which is intermediate of the height of the latter.
Instead, too, of supplying the liquid to be treated to the acidulating tank
or vessel from above, as herein-before described, it is pumped up by a
pump M. and pipe n¹ from a vessel N into the closed trough L to a lovel
which is controlled by an overflow pipe o' that returns the surplus to the
vessel N. The supply pipe 12' is furthermore connected (subject to
control by a cock) with the vessel N by a branch q' for emptying the
trough L when required. The liquid to be treated and the ozonised air
or gas being thus introduced within the closed trough L the liquid is
sprayed up within the acidulating tank or vessel A by the
pressure
the ozonised air or gas as the latter is forced by the pump K into the
upper portion of the trough L, and a certain proportion of the ozonised
air or gas is also liberated along with the sprayed liquid within the tank.
This is done by a number of spraying tubes or devices P, each of which
is composed of an inner pipe 74, an outer pipe t, and nozzle u', with a
divider within the nozzle and contiguous end of the inner pipe, the
latter pipe dipping down into the liquid within the trough, and the outer
pipe communicating with the trough above the level of the liquid, and
both pipes communicating at their inner ends with the nozzle, so that
the ozonised air or gas and the liquid meet within the latter, and arc
distributed or sprayed out in common within the tank or vessel A.
of
Having now described the Invention which has been communicated
to me by my foreign correspondents, and having explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to
me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,—
First. The use, for the purpose herein set forth, of the ozone induction
pipe or pipes formed with a contracted aperture at the outer closed
end in combination with the nozzle or nozzles h, and intermediate burner
or burners.
Second. The use of duplicate intermediate burners 1, 1, arranged one in
rear of the other, in combination with the nozzle and ozone induction
% vain cat forth

page_text: Third. The combination of a series of spray chambers arranged in
communication with each other, and with the vessels D, D'; and their
distributing pipes and distributors C, as hercin set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the tank A of the upper connecting
pipe m, the hollow stem n, the perforated hollow disc I, the water
chamber J, and the blow pipe r, as and for the purpose herein set
fortli.
Fifth. The general arrangement of the apparatus constructed for
operation, essentially as herein described.
In witness whercof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, the Nineteenth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-two.