A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF CUTTING AND WORKING WOOD BY MACHINERY
Year: 1837

page_text: AULAS SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
FRANCOIS EDWARD AULAS, of No. 38, Grand Rue Verte, Paris, in the Kingdom
of France, Gentleman, late of Cockspur Street, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Seventh day of November in the first year of Her reign, did, for Her-
self, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles
Francois Edward Aulas, especial license that I, the said Charles Francois Edward
Aulas, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Francois Edward Aulas, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF CUTTING AND WORKING WOOD BY
MACHINERY; "in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging
me, the said Charles Francois Edward Aulas, by an instrument in writing.
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters

page_text: Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto nau, will more any
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Francois Edward Aulas, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the samo is to be performed, is described t
and contained as follows, that is to say:-
The machines are intended to give to one, or simultaneously or alternately
to several pieces of wood, any form which is desired, by submitting the same
piece or pieces to the action of tools which are during the operation conducted
by guides which regulate and delineate the form to be given to the piece or
pieces.
The tools used for various operations are all formed in the lathe, as will be
explained hereafter; they are contrived in such a way as to allow them to be
sharpened, and to be worn out in respect to their cutting edges without pro-
ducing alteration either in the nature or in the forms of the operation for which
they are prepared. The tools are guided by gages, and operate cither with a
circular and continual or with an alternative and rectaliniar motion. The
gages which are designed to regulate and confine the operation of the tools are
of various sorts. either plane, massive, or bored through in relievo, and
embossed. The gages are either fixed or moveable as will be explained
herenfter.
The object of this new mode of fabricating wooden objects is to obtain
I shall
greater perfection, quickness, and cheapness in the working.
first give a description of the tools and gages, their effects and manner
of execution will afterwards be better and more easily understood with the help
of some particular applications which I shall mention as examples of their use
for fabricating either singly or simultaneously all sorts of wooden objects.
The tools for fashioning wood according to the Invention are themselves new,
and various according to the operations for which they are calculated, the
principle of their construction is the same in all cases, and the application of
such principle to the making of tools for such purpose constitutes an impor-
tant feature of the Invention. The tools (as is clearly shewn by the Figures
1 to 13, Plate 1) are by preference of cast steel wrought in the lathe into a
rotatory surface, either single or several, fixed upon a tool carrier, as appears
from the Figures 14 to 16, Plate 1 and 8, Plate I bis. Such is the nature of
the tools that by removing a part of the surface which forms the tool, to
sharpen the same, the effect produced will still remain identical with the work
or effect produced previous to sharpening, notwithstanding a portion must con
stantly be removed at every time of sharpening, which is very important when

page_text: circular and concave, the tool would produce a like figure, but if there be a
peculiar figure cut on the outer side of the tool the line which bounds the
circle would be worked into a beeding (concave or convex, the reverse of the
tool) of a like figure; hence it will be evident that in addition to excavating
the wood the tools can, when desired, give to the bounding lines of the excava-
tion any shape or moulding.
The effects of that kind of gage will be made more conspicuous in the de-
scription of its application, in which I shall point out how it may be used, for
instance, for the fabrication of gun stocks, in order to cut out and delineate
the hollows for the locks (vide Plate II. for the gages of the gun lock of a
musket), (and Plate III. and III bis, for different carvings.
Another kind of gage is that for embossed work, Plate XVII. and XVIII.
and XIX. Some gages have circular motion, and the tools produco similar
figures to those of the guides or patterns. The action of those sort of gages
will be better understood when I shall explain its application, for instance, in
the rounding the gun stock, Plate XVII. and XVIII.
Other gages are also used, Plate XIX. and XX., for relievos in which the
surface is successively run over by the pins or rollers. This mechanical
disposition allows of the production by the tools of all the forms either hollow
or in relief of the gages. The gages may at will, and by mere combinations
of levers, increase or reduce dimensions of the forms to be produced.
DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKING OF THE PARTS AS EXAMPLES OF THE
CAPABILITY OF THE MACHINERY.-See Plate IV.
The wood being placed under the gage, and fixed by two pressing screws,
as alternately subjected by each of its extremities to the action of a circular
saw (D), which cuts it in its length, and to that purpose the slide which carries
the wood is enabled to turn upon a pivot (G). During that first operation the
wood receives register marks from the gage F, which has two points, which
form marking points to be observed in the future operations. Before the wood
is removed from below the gage the delineation of the outward form of the
gage is also drawn upon it with black lead.
Second Operation.-The Wood.-Tho wood when removed from the former
machine bearing the register or marking points, and the delineation with black
lead of the form of the gage, is then submitted by hand to a circular plane D
(Plate V.) The workman causes the rough part of the wood beyond the
delineation of the gage to be cut off.

page_text: This plane, Plate I., Figure 14, Plate V., Figures 1, 2, 3, is one of the
first applications of the sort of tools constructed according to the mode or
principle above described. It consists principally in a circular plate, benring
round its edge or circumference blades of steel, with a half circular incurvation,
Plate I., Figure 14 bis. These blades are also formed by means of motion
communicated to them upon the lathe, their edge is produced by sharpening
them inwardly, and by the part which appears foremost during the revolution.
Thus shaped they form real gouges, the outward surface of which always forms
a part of the circumference of the plane, and remains always of the same
diameter, notwithstanding portions being from time to time removed for
sharpening; they are sharpened only inwardly, and the plane therefore always
preserves the same diameter.
An example of the use of the gages which lead the cutting tools or their
conductors in the engine intended to propel the wood for gun stocks. The
wood having been acted on by the circular plane D is next fixed below the
gage C¹ of the profiling engine, Plate VI. and VII., the points which it
bears serving as marking points to settle it with correctness below the gage,
and in a few seconds it is reduced to the forms of the gage by means of the
cutting tools H', which are moved forward and backward with great quickness,
as will readily be traced in the Drawing. The tools are continually bearing
against the gage C³, by means of weights H or springs. The gage, which is
carried by the slide I upon which the wood has been fastened, receives by
means of a rack J and from a lever a progressive motion. Both the gage
and wood are thus submitted in their whole length to the action of the tools
H; that action stops by itself at the end of the operation by means of
Brunel's conical catchbox, the effect of which results from a small prolongation
of the motion of the slide which is carrying the wood and gage.
Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, Plate 6, shew how, by carrying the gages one way,
with this engine, prepared logs of wood for the fabrication of wooden shoes,
blocks, chairs, and various other articles. Plate VIII. shews an example of
tools calculated to produce during their operation grooves which grow or
decrease in size. The engine is fit for hollowing the grooves for the barrels
of guns.
. Plate 1 and 1 bis, Figures 17 and 6, and 6 bis.-When the wood has
been profiled on its two sides it is placed upon the engine, which makes the
groove of the barrel. A circular plane G, the edges of which are all upon

page_text: the same principle, but joined together so as to be able to distend or open in
breadth, produces the groove for the barrel. The action of that plane will be
easily understood after observing the Plate I. Fig. 17, A, B, C, and Plate
I bis, Figure 6 and 6 bis; it is composed of two parts, each of which bears
half of the tools. When these two parts are placed close to each other, all
the tools operate in one section, and form or produce a groove in its smallest
breadth. On the contrary, when the two parts which form the said plano are
disjoined or separate, the tools no longer act in the same line, and produce a
groove which increases in proportion with the separation between the two
parts of tool carriers. The two leading gages (D¹) fixed upon the slide
which bears the wood are calculated to adjust the degree of separation or
approximation of the tools of the plane during the time of working.
I will give an example of producing carvings, grooves, and mouldings,
either inwards or outwards. I perform this operation by a like engine to
that which produces the hollows for gun locks, and it is with the help of this
engine that the most diversified and most numerous applications of the
Invention or mode of constructing gages and tools are obtained. This
engine in its more simple form is merely composed (as appears in the
Plate IX.) of a vertical tool on the carrying axletreo B', Figure 2, and of a
slide C moveable in all directions. A pin E placed perpendicularly in a line
with the cutting tool is engaged in the gages C¹ fixed below the slide. The
engine, for more complex forms, is provided with a chuck and divided plate
(Plate X., Figure 2, 3). Two slides placed upon one another at right angles
allow that plate to move like the excentric chuck of a lathe. Upon that plate
the wood is fastened for working the carrying axle of the tool is impelled with
a very quick rotary motion, and is lowered upon the wood at will by the
workman. The tool cuts a circular hollow figure of the excavation to the depth
it is permitted to descend, and the varied movement of the guage will govern
the lateral form of the excavation will be the same as the profile of the tool.
The capability of the carrying axletree of the tool to be lowered at will, and
n the degree required, thus permits various planes of carvings to be produced
successively. When the last plane exceeds the thickness of the wood the
carvings are cut quite through. The revolving of the chuck A, Figure 3,
Plate X., around its centre allows of the wood being moved in varied positions,
and thus multiply the design in various positions.
Plates XI. and XII. shew an engine of the same kind, but in which the
mechanical implements are repeated several times, so as to work simul-
taneously upon several pieces of wood at once. The slight differences which

page_text: will be observed in the forms of this multiple engine do in no way alter its
mode of acting, all which will be readily traced in this Drawing. The substi-
tution of different gages, combined with the raising or lowering of the plane
in which the tool is working, in consequence of the revolving of the axle,
enables to produce with that single machine the most diversified effects. The
very complicate hollows of the gun stocks are the simple result of tools of the
the same form, but of different diameters, which cut off the wood successively
in different planes, being guided by suitable gages for every plane, Plate II.
I have explained how this engine operates upon a straight surface, even in
different planes. I will now shew how, with a slight addition to the slide, I
can produce undulatory carved or any other surfaces, or upon those same
surfaces operate upon planes which are parallel to them. In order to obtain
such results I have only to place below the slide besides the common gage
another gage having undulations similar to the surface which is to be pro-
duced: see Plates X. and XI. The spheres upon which the slide moves
run over the surfaces and raise or lower the slide. Thus the undulations of
the gage are faithfully reproduced by the tool upon the piece submitted to
them. It is necessary to add that to prevent spheres slipping upon the curves
or slopes they are to be covered with small points upon their surfaces.
Plate XII., Figure 1.-Plate XIII. represents a slide for guiding the
tools to produce a groove upon a curved and inclined plane of a gun stock

page_text: AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF GAGES IN RELIEVO, TURNING UPON THEMSELVES
TO WORK ONE OR BIMULTANEOUSLY SEVERAL PIECES OF WOOD, AND
REDUCE THEM TO THE FORM OF THE GAGE.
Plates XVII., XVIII., and XIX., an engine for rounding the stocks of
muskets. A gage in relievo is submitted to the contact of a roller E. The
rotary motion of the gage combined with the motion of the roller enables
the tools F, which are put in proper motion according to the several sorts
of operation, to fashion the wood according to the form of the gage in
relievo, which bounds and defines their action. The tools and the roller
are connected in all their motions by a common frame, which bears them
both. By varying the distance between the roller and the tools when the
frame is jointed at one of its ends, I can increase or reduce at will the pro-
portions of the object or objects fabricated with those of the gage itself.
Plate XIX. shews how by means of gages in relievo a great number of pieces
of wood may be fashioned simultaneously. The Figures 3 and 4 of the same
Plate shew how, instead of the stocks of muskets, blocks of wood for pullies
may be fabricated with proper gages. A person having read the preceding
description with attention will have become acquainted with the nature of the
tools used for the particular purposes described, and will further make such
other tools as he may require, differing in their figure, but not in the mode or
principle of structuro; and it will have become evident that to shew every
form of tool, and its application to produce varied results, would be an endless
task, but a workman will now be in a condition to vary the arrangement and
figure of tool according to the design he wishes to execute.
THE FOLLOWING IS A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MECHANICAL PARTS
AND THEIR COMBINATIONS.
Plate I. and I. bis several forms of edge tools made according to the Inven-
tion. 1, a tool for frames and mouldings formed of three parts, one of which
is set between the two others, so as to allow them to be sharpened inwardly;
2, a tool for hollowing out or carving quite through, this tool may be used
for the hollows of the gun lock; 3, the same tool seen from the side; 4, a
tool serving to cut out the places of gun stocks to receive the springs, and for
making other hollows or grooves; 5, another tool for carvings or moulding;
6, a tool to make conical grooves, like that of the heel of the breech of the
gun; 7, another tool for carvings and mouldings; 8, 9, tools having the same
property as No. 2, which may be used, for instance, to make the hollows of
the plate at the butt end of a gun stock; 10, a tool for double action, which

page_text: may, for instance, be used to hollow out at once both the place of the breech
plate and the breech of the barrel in the wood; 11, a rod with a pivot socket
and bolt pressing screw, to unite and fasten several edge tools; 12, a centered
spoon bit for boring the grain of the wood in every way without deviation,
and which may be used to perforate the hole of the gun stock; 14, circular
plane. A, the body of the plane; B, guides serving to regulate the promi-
nence of the edge tools and the thickness of the shavings; C, edge tools of the
plane; D, pegs with nuts to fasten the tool C. 15, tools of the profile
engine, with gouge-formed sockets, bolts, or pivots; 16, a tool with a circular
gouge to make groovings, chiefly that of the gun stock; 17, a circular tool
with three branches, which is set within another tool of similar form, as has
been explained in the Specification. These two tools thus joined have the
property, by means of conductors and of the mechanism described in the plate
annexed, to move towards or from each other, so as to produce longitudinal
grooves either straight or conical or undulating, or of any other form. This
tool will serve to cut the hollow for the barrel. A, the tool seen from the front;
B, the same from the side; C, section passing through the axis of the tool. :
Plate I bis.-1, a tool for carving; 2, a ditto for planing; 3, a ditto for
chipping the wood; 4, a ditto for carvings, &c.; 5, a ditto for large carving;
6, 6 bis, a ditto formed of two parts united like that at 17, Plate 1, men-
tioned above; 7, a ditto for large carving; 8, a ditto formed of several pieces
united, and used for chipping.
Plate II., gages to make the hollow for the gun locks.-Figure 1, supe-
rior plane of the hollows; 2, second plane; 8, third ditto; 4, fourth ditto.
Those different gages are used to regulate the depth of the cut of the tools, as
well as the form of the hollow of every plane. The whole forms the place for
the gun lock.
Plates III. and III bis., gages used for producing hollows or relievos of
several forms.-Those gages, as well as those Plates XI. and XII., are given
as some examples of the forms which may be produced.
Plate IV., Figures 1, 2, 3, an engine to center and cut the wood in its
length.-A, frame bearing the axletrees of the saws, and that by which the
motion is communicated. B, cross rails or ties; C, the communication
pullies; D, circular saws to cut the end of the wood for gun stocks to the
desired length; E, a plate resting upon a pivot, and on which the pieces of
wood to be cut is fastened; F, a gage to center the wood; G, pivot of the
plate E; H, slide moving horizontally; I, cylindrical guides rod fixed to the
slide H;
slide rests of the guide rods I; K, moveable slide rests of the
slide H; L, a roller serving to facilitate the motion of the slide H; M, set

page_text: screw or gage carrying holdfast, with a screw to fix the wood; N, points by
which register marks are produced upon the piece of wood resting on the
plate.
Plate V., Figures 1, 2, 3, an engine to chipp off or plane.-A, the frame carrying
the axletrees of the circular plane and of the communication pullies; B, cross
rails or ties to the framing; C, axletrees of the plane D and of the communi-
cation pullies; C', the gage; D, the circular plane; E, bits of the plane;
F, pegs with nuts to fasten and regulate the bits; G, the guides or conductors
to regulate the thickness of the wood chipped off by the tools; H, guides or
cams with slides which may at will be raised, lowered, and moved towards or
from the plane, according to the forms and sizes which are desired. These
guides form the stopping point of the gage C', which is fixed at K upon the
piece to be wrought; I, a log of wood with the gage C¹ seated upon it.
N.B. In order to obtain a curve of any sort with this engine the piece of wood
and gage are directed with the hand in such a way as to bear continually in
contact with the gage against the guide rods H, in order to reproduce exactly
its delineation, and without the assistance of any gago the workman can
produce the sketch of a curve, but then it must be drawn beforehand upon the
surface of the piece to be wrought. In that case there is of course so much
more attention required when the piece is submitted to the tools, as there is no
other guide but the line drawn.
Plates VI. and VII.-Profiling engine.
P. VI., Figures 1, 2, 3, 4.-A, frame; B, cross rail or ties, with spindle,
rod, bolt, and nuts, which regulate the space between the two frames; C, axle of
pulley, with a fly wheel and Brunel's conical friction clutch; C, a gage to
define the profile which is to be given to the piece of wood to be wrought, and
which is used as a conductor of the tools; D, D, circular plates with winches
D' to give to the slide F, by means of the connecting rods E, an alternate
vertical motion. N.B.-One of those plates is eccentric, so as to give to the
slide I a horizontal motion with the help of the levers, M, N, O, jointed at
m, n, o, of the ratchet wheel R and of the rack J; E, parallel conneeting
rods, jointed at D' upon the plate D, and at F¹ upon the slide F; F, tool
carrying slide, moving vertically by means of the connecting rods E; G, G, guide
rods which glide horizontally the four slides G³, on which are fixed the tool
carrying rods H; G", sockets (bosses) gliding horizontally between the three
guide rods B', and in which the tool carrying rods H² are moved vertically.
N.B. The bosses which lead and direct the tools are constantly resting (by
the weight H) against the two slides of the gage C', so as to reproduce exactly
its forms (delineation). The bosses at the same time determine by their

page_text: dimensions or diameter the breadth or thickness of the object to be fabricated.
It is easy to conceive that by giving more or less diameter to these bosses and
the more or less breadth of the gage C¹ the size of the object to be fabricated
may be varied at will, though the same forms are preserved. N.B.-The
number of tools and of their guiding rods as well as of the weights which are
to bear them against the gage, must be proportioned in the present circum-
stance as those described in the Specification, to the resistance and to the
quantity of matter submitted to their actions; H, weights or springs acting
upon the guiding bosses to bear them against the gage; H", edge tool, already
described, Plate 1, Figure 15; I, half cylindrical slide, upon which the piece
of wood to be wrought is fastened; J, a rack proper to move the slide I
horizontally; J, leading slides of the slide I, upon which rests the object to
be wrought and the gage; K, K, guide rollers with grooves to support the
two ends of the slide I; L, a ratched wheel, having on its axle a pinion which
catches the rack J in order to communicate to the slide I the motion which it
receives from the catch R; L, fly wheel, with a winch to put the slide I in
motion by hand; M, N, O, levers, jointed at m, n, o, which receives the motions
from the eccentric D, and communicate the same to the driver R, which
engages with the ratched wheel L; X', spring, acting upon the lever N in
order to keep the roller in contact with the eccentric of the plate D; R', a
roller to ease the friction with the eccentric; S, stop of the driver R; T, levers,
with rollers to engage the cones S¹, of which the centre of rotation rests on
T, B'. In order to put the slide I in motion the cones S₁ are to be in gear.
This result is obtained by putting the upper lever T from left to right. A bolt
immediately starts to fix it; but when the slide has reached the full length
of its motion the bolt is removed and puts the cones out of gear, and thus stops
the motion of the slide. U, slides with screws to regulate and fix the motion of
the tool carrying frame or slide F, and to make up for the wearing off of the
vertical guide rod of the frame; V, holdfasts jointed and with screws to fix
the piece of wood upon the slide. It is necessary to mention that the
extremity of these holdfasts have marking points which enter into the marks
left by the holdfasts of the preceding operations. ✗, slide rest to support the
piece of wood which is to be fabricated, and to prevent it giving way to the
action of the tools.
Plate VIII., Figures 1, 2, 3, an engine to make longitudinal hollows or ex-
cavations by means of gages.-A, the frame, with cross rails or ties B; C, a slide
having a rectilinear alternating motion; D, slide rests or chucks, with screws
fixed to the slide C, at the upper end of those rests are fixed the two conductors
or tool leading gages; D', conductors or gages, which, in the present instance,

page_text: have the outward form of the gun barrel; E, screws, the plates of which may
be moved simultaneously to or from each other, so as to center and fasten the
piece of wood which is to be wrought. This simultaneous motion is produced
by means of an axle having contrary screws which cross the plates, each of
these latter bears marking points which agree with the points produced in the
preceding operations; F, horizontal axle, which receives its motion of continual
rotation from the communication pulley L. This axle bears a tongue at about
two-thirds of its length; G, circular edge tools, Plate I., A, B, C. N.B.-Those
circular edge tools carry a boss having at its inside a straight channel, in which
the tongue of the axle F is engaged, so as both to follow its rotary motion
and to run at the same time in the way of its length; G, leading checks³,
which move with friction upon the surface of the two conductors or gages D',
each of those two cheeks has its boss crossed by the axle F, and bears at its
inside a tongue (2), which is engaged in the channels at the outside and
circumference of the bosses of the tools; H, springs, which incessantly give
an opposite tendency of the two cheeks so as to force in contact with the two
gages D'. It will thus be easily conceived that by moving the slide C from
left to right, or vice versa, by means of the racks C³ of the axle with a pinion and
with a fly wheel winch C³, it will bring them near or separate the two circular
tools G, and that these latter will produce the form of the two gages D upon
the piece of wood being wrought. N.B.-In the inside of each of the checks
just mentioned there is a projection with a screw which, by its more or less
prominence produce hollows of different dimensions.
Plate IX., an engine for cutting, profiling, plaining, cutting tenons and
mortices, carving and producing various forms.-Figure 1 and 2, a bench carry-
ing the gage and the piece of wood to be wrought. A, the frame; B, bench,
or horizontal plane upon which the spheres which carry the slide C move; C,
a moveable slide designed to carry the piece of wood to be submitted to the cut
of the tools; C', gage or conductor fixed below the slide and bearing the several
forms or profiles to be given to the piece (see the Plates VII., VIII., and IX.;
D, spheres allowing the slide C to be easily moved in every direction at will;
E, a rod with screw, conical or cylindrical pin, in the present instance the pin
is of conical form. By raising or lowering this pin the hollow or profiles will
be increased or reduced. The vertical motion is procured by means of the rod
with the screws E¹ passing below the bench. F', holdfasts or clamps serving
to fasten the piece of wood upon the slide; G, a piece of wood fixed upon the
slide; A¹, Fig. 2, frame carrying a vertical boss; A", pivot on which the axle-
tree which bears the tool turns; B', axletree which carries the tool. This axle,
tree has a longitudinal groove in which there is a pin fixed at the inside of the

page_text: fly wheel H', and of the pulley H", from which the same axle receives the
rotary motion. N.B.-The axletree B' and the pin E must be in the same
perpendicular line; C", a hollow screw, through which passes (and is held by
friction longitudinally) the superior part of the axletree B', by which means
is determined the depth of the hollows which are to be cut by the tools; D¹ nut
or screw, with fly wheel and socket set upon the screw C"; this nut is fastened
to the body of the frame by means of a latch E', which catches into a circular
groove contrived in the boss. It has the property to regulate the depth of the
hollows to be produced. As soon as the nut is no longer stopped by the latch
the balance weight F, acting upon the axletree of the tool lifts it up, and
removes it from the price of wood; E, the head of latch; F, balance weight;
G', pulley to communicate motion; H' and H", fly wheel and pulley set upon
the rod of the tool carrier; I', the tool set in its tool carrier.
in
Plate IX., X.-Fig. 1, a slide by which curved surfaces are produced, and car-
vings made in those surfaces.-A, bench or horizontal plane; B, moveable pin
already described, Plate II. and III.; C, moveable slide moving upon spheres
every direction; D, pieces of wood fastened on the slide by means of the
cramps E; F, a fragment of the tool-carrying axletree, described Plate II.; G,
guide or gage, the surface of which is parallel with the surface of the gages G³,
and bearing undulated forms similar to those which are to be produced upon the
piece of wood; G¹, four gages of similar surface, they are fixed upon the bench
or below the slide G, at equal distances from its centre, and in a symetrical
position; H, spheres covered with sharp points which, being engaged in the
curved surfaces so as always to keep at the same distance between one
another, are driven along by the various motions of the slide, and cause it to
rise or fall according to the situation of the spheres upon the undulated planes,
and thus vary the figure produced by cut of the tool or tools.
Figure 2, a slide, fit for cutting grooves, carving, &c. upon different kinds
of surfaces, and for repeating several times the same design by means of only
one gage or guide having one figure.-A, the bench; B, pin; H, the spheres ;
C', a gage bearing the forms to be produced; C, the slide moveable in every
direction; d, d, double slide; these slides d, d, are placed one upon the other, and
moveable in opposite directions; E, E, regulating screw (with division cut in
the heads) to move the slides d, d, in the two contrary directions; F, cheeks
bearing horizontal points moveable with regulating screws, and intended to fix
the cylindrical piece of wood to be wrought correctly in its place; G, a frag-
ment of the tool-carrying axletree before its being lowered upon the piece of
wood submitted to its action.
. Figure 3, universal circular chuck.-A, the centre of the chuck which is placed

page_text: upon the slide in the axis of the pin; B, slides (groves) ready to receive four
cramps squeezing towards the centre by means of the screws B¹, to fix concen-
trically or excentrically the wood to be wrought; C, circumference of the
chuck with division.
Plate XI., Fig. 1, 2, 3, engines to make hollow carvings.-A, frame; B, cylin-
drical axles at the end of which are rollers, B', B'; C, framing or slide formed
with four cylindrical rods sliding upon the rollers B'; D, another framing less
broad than the former, and formed with four cylindrical rods, which have at their
ends four rollers D', in a rectangular position with the rollers B', so as to bo
able to move forward and backward upon the extreme cylinders of the frame B,
to make the slide moveable in every direction; E, an horizontal plane or plate
fastened in the middle and upon the rods of the framing or slide D, and which
by its two angular motions may take horizontal positions as is required; F,
cheeks having marking points, these cheeks simultaneously and at will move
to or from each other to fasten the piece to be wrought; G, two screws with
threads in contrary directions, which pass through the bottom of the cheeks F;
they carry two similar spur wheels G', which are engaged in a third wheel G"
placed between them so that by turning the latter by means of the handle H
the four cheeks open or close at once, after having previously regulated the
degree of separation; I, a spring moved horizontally which serves to fasten the
piece of wood when there is no use made of the four cheeks just mentioned;
K, a fixed pin having the same property as those described before; L, hori-
zontal cheeks fastened to the upper part of the frame, and through the head of
which passes the cylindrical rod of the tool carrier; M, tool carrying axletree;
N, sphere acting as a fly wheels; O, pulley fixed upon the tool carrier; P,
leading rod joined at the cross piece P¹ of the frame in which the superior
part of the tool carrying axletree M is caught; those rods are intended to
regulate (by means of the notches R cut in their lower part Q, which engage
themselves in these notches) the depth of the hollow to be obtained. At the
upper end of these rods are screws and nuts which determine the cut of tho
tools; S, a spring to raise the tool carrying axletree when the bolts Q, Q, are
withdrawn from the leading rods P, P; T, pulley to communicate the motion
to conical clutch box U; U³, fixed part of the clutch box; Uч, moveable part
having pulleys and turning upon a rod which crosses the frame; V, stop lever.
Fig. 4, C, D, slides placed upon one another, and moveable in every hori-
zontal direction; M, M, M, M, tool carrying axletrees with spherical flys,
with pulleys to communicate the motion simultaneously; O, O, several cutting
tools; P, P, P, P, pieces of wood fixed upon the slide, and ready to be
wrought by the tools; C, vertical gages or guides fixed upon the first slide,

page_text: having the necessary profiles, which cause the slide to rise or fall as it moves
along, and forcing the tools to work out upon the piece P submitted to their
action surfaces parallel to the same profiles; C³, C³, C, C³, several forms of
profiles or gages which may be substituted for the former gago C. N.B.-To
the slide carrying rollers B smaller ones may be substituted, or mere friction
pins, according as the gages are more or less undulated.
Fig. 5, a cylindrical slide with rotary and varied horizontal motion.-B, B,
the fixed pins, which have the same property as those described before. The
present Plate is merely to give an idea of their employment. Such is also the
case with the circular gages C', C, which are placed concentrically in the
cylinders of the slides A, A. The preceding explanation will render it unne-
cessary to describe the form of the frame of this engine. They are much alike
as to their principles with those of the frames described before. B, pin; C¹,
gage or guide; D, a piece of wood fixed upon the slide; E, a tool carrier
similar to the former, Fig. 1, 2, 3.
Plate XII.-A, rollers as described before, but of larger size to make it
more intelligible. This engine is intended to produce all sorts of hollows,
chiefly those of gun stocks, for heel plates, springs, &c. B, rollers moving
upon the cross pieces of the inferior frame already described, Plate III.,
Fig. 1, 2, 8; C, a piece carrying the gage and the wood to be carved, and
which is fixed in the middle of the frame; D, moveable cheeks, which carry
plates upon screws d', and which can be regulated together; d, marking point,
the use of which has been demonstrated in the general Specification. Those
points, in the fabrication of gun stocks for instance, enter into the holes of the
screws, so as to make the hollow of the handle coincide exactly with that of
the gun lock. Those points may be placed differently upon the plate C,
according to the place which the hollows are to hold, or to the distances
which are to be left between them; E, springs to fasten the piece ready to be
wrought upon the plate C. Those springs are only used when there is no use
made of the cheeks D, D; F, a screw with right and left-hand thread crossing
the foot of the cheeks D, D, and having the power simultaneously to bring
them closer or to separate them, by means of three spur wheels G, G, H, and
of the lever H', as it has been explained in Pl. III.; G, pinions fixed at the
end of every screw, gearing with the spur wheel H; H', a lever to give the
motion to the wheel H; I, the gage fixed upon the slide; K, circular part of
the gage bored through; J, propping screw to keep the gun stock in a
vertical direction.
· Plate XIII., Fig. 1 and 2, A slide with rollers and marking points,
intended to run over straight or curved planes, so as to produce the same as in

page_text: the former operations upon the piece of wood.-It is chiefly employed to make
the hollow for the trigger plate of the gun stock. A, frame of the slide;
B, B', B", cross rails; C, grooved rollers; D, marking point; E, plates
with screws to fix the piece of wood which is to be wrought; F, similar
pieces with screw and handle, to fix and squeeze the piece against the plates E
and against the marking point; G, II, round-headed screws, fixed upon the
cross rails B', B", and intended to regulate the situation of the piece of wood
upon the slide A; I, tool carrier; J, the gage cut in the form which is to be
reproduced; K, a screw to fasten the gage; L, bossed gages, upon which are
moving the rollers C, and the profile of which in the present case is like the
incurvation of the groove of the heel plate; M, a pin which enters into the
space of the gage J. N.B.-As this pin is of conical form, one may, by
raising or lowering it, alter at will the size of the cut.
Plate XIV., Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, an engine to make circular grooves.-In the
present case it is provided with a tool of double effect (Plate I., Fig. 10,)
which has the property to finish the hollow of the barrel, and at the same
time to prepare the place of the breech of the barrel. A, frame; B, cross
rails; C, C, guide rods joining the two frames; D, pulley for communication
and stopping the motion; E, fly wheel; F, axletree which carries the fly-
wheel and tool carrier; G, tool carrier; H, cheeks with cross pieces fixed
upon the two guide rods C, C, supporting the tool carrier, in order to prevent
its vibration; I, steps with screws to fix the tool carrier in the axletree F;
J, leading groove, in which the piece to be wrought is engaged; K, regu-
lating stop pin to limit the cut of the tool in an horizontal direction; L, L,
circular plates with axles, having opposite screws on the right and left. Each
of those plates is provided at its circumference with cogs, in which are engaged
two pinions turning upon the same axle, so that by turning one of the two plates
by means of one of the handles L', they are moved simultaneously to or from
cach other, which allows the piece of wood being put and fixed in its place;
M, the wood for a gun stock in the engine; N, a tool which at once hollows
the place for the breech and heel of the breech of the barrel, as described
(Plate 1, Fig. 10.)
Plate XV., Fig. 1, 2, 3, an engine to bore straight holes through the
grain of the wood.-A, frame; B, cross rails; C, parallel guide rods, which
unite the two frame ends, and upon which are glided the check II; D, pully; :
E, axle of the tool carrier; F, fly wheel of the tool carrier; G, the tool
screwed at the end of the rod G, it is used here to bore the ramrod groove;
II, axle or slide, on which are fixed the cheeks K, L, H"; K, L, cheeks
moving upon the guide rods C, H. N.B.-The cheek I has a hole in the

page_text: middle of the cross piece, which forms a regulator to the rod G of the tool G,
and prevents its vibration when the slide has reached the length of its motion.
The cheek K is also intended to guide the tool, and to prevent its vibration
by means of the spring M. The same is also the case with the cheek L,
with only this difference, that it bears at its superior part a small axle with a
lever, which presses the tool towards the bottom of the groove. N.B.―The
end of the small lever bearing upon the tool is provided with a covering of
horn to prevent its wearing off. L', lever; M, springs having a constant ten-
dency to raise the wood against the guide rods of the cheeks; N, starting
knobs fixed at the end of the spring, and forming guides when they are
engaged in the groove of the barrels; O, cheeks with plates and screws.
They are intended to lead the wood, and to enter it at the same time; P, a
prop upon which the wood rests during the working; Q, the handle by which
the slide which bears the wood is by hand moved backward and forward, the
tool operating at the same time by the lever L'. By moving the slide there is
a pressure produced upon the tool which cuts the wood until its hollow is
filled. After withdrawing it the tool is emptied, and the operation is thus.
renewed until the completion of the hole.
Plate XVI., Fig. 1, 2, 3, an engine to bore simultaneously swivel holes at
given distances; the said engine may be used, for instance, to bore the holes by
which the lock is fastened to the gun stocks.-A, frame; B, cross rails; C.
pulley; D, cylindrical axletrees serving as the tool carriers and turning in
brasses fixed to the cheeks P; D', pulleys fixed to the axles D, upon which
runs the leather. strap; E, jaws to fix the tools; F, tools serving to bore the
holes; G, moveable slide, upon which the wood is fixed by the hand during
the operation. The horizontal motion given to that slide from forward to
backward by means of the rods H, which slide in the guides H', causes the
wood to be pressed close against the tools as soon as its situation has been well
adjusted; I, guide rod, which enters into the touchhole of the barrel which
has previously been affixed in its place in the stock; this guide rod is destined
to fix the precise situation of the holes for the lock; J, two-iron props, upon
which the gun rests; these props, as well as the guide rod I, may be changed
in their respective situation, so as to pierce the holes in given places; K, the
grindstone to sharpen the tools; it is set upon the same frame and put in
motion by the same strap as the tool carriers; L, gun stock delineated as an.
example and ready to be bored.
Plates XVII. and XVIII., Figures 1, 2, 3, a rotary engine to fashion
wood, and which may be used to shape the outward forms of the gun stock.―
A, fixed frame; B, cross rails; C, axletree bearing the communication pullies;
A

page_text: which slide as a grove along its whole length; D, cog wheel, which by means
of a system of cog wheels communicates the rotary notion first to the regu-
lating screw K; E, circular wheels turning freely and set upon one of the
extremities of the upper cross rail of the slide G in the same axle as the
planes F. It is obvious that by increasing or shortening the diameter of those
wheels or the planes, the size of the objects may be varied. F, circular planes
set upon the same frame; G, G, tool carrying slides joined by cross rails,
these slides are composed of two parts; the first, G, which bears the circular
guide wheels and the planes F, F, is jointed at the lower end of the second
part G³, so as to be able to move towards or from the gages, and the piece of
wood to be wrought; the second part G slides along the rods G, N, S, and
is joined with the former part G by the joint g at its lower end, and commu-
nicates to the same the horizontal motion which it receives from the regulating
screw K, which passes through the screw K', fastened at its upper part; H,
pullies which slide upon the axletree C, and communicate the rotary motion
to the circular planes F, by means of the intermediate pulleys 2, 3, 4, 5; I,
weights (or springs may be substituted), which are acting upon the part G³ of
the tool-carrying slide, and cause the cams E and planes F to be kept in con-
stant contact with the gage and the piece of wood to be fashioned, so as to
force the tools to produce successively upon the piece of wood all the outward
forms of the gage; K, regulating screw to communicate motion to the tool-
carrying slides G, G'; d, d, pinions fixed at each of the ends of the regulating
screws; M, M', pins serving to stop the motion when the slides G and G'
have reached the end of their motion; N, a rod, upon which moves the part
G¹ of the tool-carrying slide. It is intended to disengage the coupling as soon
as the slides G have reached the end of their race by means of the pins M
and M', and of the catches O' fixed at its extremity; O, a plate bearing three
pinions 1, 2, 3, and by means of the stopping catches O', operate on the
coupling, and then to cause the slides G to move from left to right, or from
right to left; P, cheeks carrying props bored through in their axle and fixed
to the frame A; Q, axletree with screw and fly wheel, having the property of
moving forward or backward the piece Q, which passes through the cheeks
or props P, and which serves to center and fasten the wood to be worked
upon; this piece Q bears two projecting rods, which are to be engaged in
holes bored beforehand in the piece of wood to be fashioned; R, a lever fixed
upon the rod N, bearing several small levers with rollers, which allow the
frames G, and consequently the planes, to be removed from the gage.
Plate XIX., Figures 1, 2, 3, an engine serving to fashion simultaneously
several objects, according to a given model, and which may be employed, for

page_text: instance, to the fabrication of gun stocks.-A, fixed frame; B, cross rails,
which unite the two parts of the frame; C, axletree which, by means of cog
wheels, communicates the rotary motion to the axles of the circular planes H',
and alternate motion to the moveable slide P, upon which rests the wood to
be fashioned; C and C", wheels and pinions to communicate the motion to
the wheels C fixed at the extremity of the screw D; D, regulating screw,
which receives its rotary motion from the cog wheels mentioned before, and
the use of which is to move the frame L leading the planes N, &c., rollers K¹
through the whole length of the gages T, and of the pieces to be fashioned.
The frame bears a fixed screw nut G, in which the regulating screw D moves;
E, eccentrics fixed at each extremity of the screw D, and intended to commu-
nicate to the slide Pa forward and backward motion by means of the con-
necting rods; F, cog wheel turning freely at the end of the regulating screw;
G, screw nut fixed to the conductor of the planes; H, cylindrical axles with
a groove in their whole length, which communicate to the circular plane, they
bear a rotary motion, which they receive from the cog wheels I, I, governed by
the wheel F. The quickness of that wheel is determined by a system of
catching (or coupling) in the plate; it is concealed by the pinions I, so as
to cause the plane-carrying axles to perform sixty turns for one turn
of the screw D, and during the time the leading slide L has performed the
forward and backward motion which it receives from the eccentric E;
I, I, pinions; J, brasses in which the plane-carrying axles turn; K, K, similar
axles (without groove) upon which the circular wheels K' turn freely; L, framo
of the slide which leads the planes and rollers and to which the screw G is
fastened; it is formed of two parallel pieces joined by the cross rails M, and
is crossed by the several axles II and K, upon which it moves, carrying along
with it (in motion which it receives from the regulating screw D) the planes
and rollers H', K', which are enclosed in the distance between the iron
rails M; M, cross rails of the leading frame L; H', circular planes described
F. 14 and 15, Pl. I.; O, brasse which support the extremities of the axles K,
and which may be lowered or raised at will by the screws O', so as to regulate
the depth of the cut of the tools; P, moveable slide intended to carry the
pieces of wood to be fashioned as well as the gages T, T; P¹, cross rails
serving to join the several parts of the slide; Q, wheels to support and give
a more easy motion to the slide P; R, a moveable bed jointed at R¹;
R', jointed props which allow the part R" of the moveable bed to be lowered
or raised according to the action of the cams upon the gage T; R", a balanco
weight which constantly tends to raise the slide P, so that the cams K' be in
continual contact with the gages; pieces which may be changed at will and

page_text: the use of which is to fasten the wood to be fashioned and the gage. If needful,
and if the nature of the object requires it, cramps or holdfasts may be substituted
for these pieces. When the object to be fashioned presents sufficient resistance
to be fastened without props in all its length, the pieces S and S' are provided
at each of their extremities with pinions which communicate to them a common :
motion determined by a wheel with a divisor, so as to present successively
to the tools all the sides of the model and of the wood to be fashioned.
N.B.-Those cog wheels are not represented on the plate. T, guages placed
upon the slide P; U, pieces of wood also fastened and ready to receive the
form of the gages; X, connecting rods jointed at Y, and which by means of 1
the eccentric E, give to the slide P, a forward and backward motion; Z, a
piece of wood fashioned by the said method into a pulley to give an idea of
another application of the engine. N.B.-In this engine the form to be given
to the pieces of wood according to a gage is obtained by three combined
motions:-
1°. Forward and backward motion given to the moveable slide which
brings successively the rollers in contact with a part of the outline of the gage,
and repeats the same outline by means of the planes upon every corresponding
part of the pieces of wood which are submitted to their action.
2º. Rotary motion of the planes which by their great quickness cut off all s
the superfluous wood in order to obtain the forms of the
gage.
3°. Lastly, translatory motion of the planes and their guides which suc-
cessively pass along all the superficial points of the gages and of the wood
which is to be shaped.
Under some circumstances a fourth rotatory motion may be added, which
permits the exterior parts of the gages and of the wood to be successively
brought in contact with the planes.
From the disposal of the mechanism it is obvious that if we place symetrically
at the four corners of the moveable slide four similar relievos or curved surfaces,
serving as gages and corresponding with four guide pins or rollers also
symetrically placed and formed, those pursa rollers will by means of the
different motions given to the slide P, pass over all the points of the surface
of those new gages and then reproduce them at the same time upon each of
the pieces submitted to the tools.
If those new gages are of very complicated forms it will be suitable to
substitute pins more or less thin so that they may enter into the hollow parts
of those gages. To the circular plates are then to be substituted vertical and
moveable axletrees with tools similar to those described Pl. 1, Figure 1 and 10,
and used in the overations described PI I TIL IV V VI

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
combining the same, I would remark that I lay no claim to the separate parts
of the machinery; and I would observe that I am aware that various com-
binations of machinery have before been devised and used in some cases for
similar purposes, and in some of which gunges have been used to control and
govern the cutting tools, I do not claim such previous combination of machinery;
and I would have it understood that what I claim as the Invention is the mode
of constructing the cutting tools by which they will retain their outer figure
both in diameter and length notwithstanding the necessary removal of parts to
sharpen such tools, such removal of parts being performed on the inner surfaco,
so as not to alter or change the dimensions and effects produced, as above
described.
And I do claim the mode of combining the various engines or machines for
cutting wood, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Francois Edward Aulas, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.
5
C. F. EDWARD AULAS (L.B.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of May, in the year
of our Lord 1888, the aforesaid Charles Franois Edward Aulas, came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-eight.