Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Making Briquettes or Blocks of Coal or Peat or other materials.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left; 1st Feb., 1893-Accepted, 11th Mar., 1893.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Making Briquettes or
Blocks of Coal or Peat or other materials.
I, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE CANNOT, of 20, Bucklersbury, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-.
My present invention relates to machinery or apparatus for making what are
briquettes," or blocks of small coal mixed with a suitable agglomerating
material, and it is also applicable to such briquettes or blocks made of peat or
other substances.
known as
It has for its object novel methods of constructing arranging and operating the
several parts of such machines, so that they are very strong and effective in
operation, economical and cheaply worked, and capable of turning out, large
quantities of the briquettes or blocks.
I take a suitable frame of cast iron or other material of sufficient strength, pro-
a number of
vided at or near half its height, with a table or frame containing
vertical moulds, open above and below and of a size and shape in plan corre-
sponding with the blocks which are to be moulded. The moulds are made
changeable, so that blocks of any desired size may be made.
The mould box or frame has preferably four divisions in each of which one block
is pressed.
Above and below the moulds are arranged corresponding rising and falling
plungers or rams, guided in guides attached to the frame, and having at their ends
plates or blocks so shaped that they can enter freely into the moulds as they rise
and fall.
The lower plunger never leaves the mould entirely, but the upper one rises so
high that a box or slide filled with material can pass between the top of the mould
box and the plunger in the highest position of the latter.
The lower plunger resembles the upper one except that it is made in two parts
the upper part resting upon but moving up from the lower one when required, for
the purpose of forcing up the compressed block out of the mould at the right time
in the manner hereinafter described, the blocks being then delivered to an endless
travelling band by which they are conveyed away.
The outer ends of the plungers are jointed to short links the other ends of
which are jointed to the short arms of bell crank levers turning upon centres
formed upon or attached to the frame, the whole arrangement forming "toggle
joints by which when the outer ends of the bell crank levers are turned in the
proper direction the plungers are forced with gradually increasing pressure into
the moulds, whilst when they are turned in the other direction the plungers are
withdrawn from the moulds.
The outer ends of the longer arms of the upper and lower bell cranks are
connected by strong connecting rods to a cross head working in horizontal guides
fixed to the frame of the machine, and to the cross head is also fixed a horizontal
rod extending backward for a sufficient distance, and having at its outer end a
slide block working backward and forward in horizontal dovetailed slide bars or
guides. If therefore the slide block last described be made to reciprocate back-
ward and forward in its guides, the plungers will be made to enter and recede from
the moulds.
In order to effect the reciprocation of the dovetailed block in the required
I arrange across the machine, just below the horizontal reciprocating rod,
a very strong horizontal shaft revolving in bearings formed upon or attached to
manner,
;

page_text: the bed of the machine, and upon this shaft I firmly fix a wheel carrying upon its
inner side a cam shaped plate having a recessed cam path in which fits a friction
roller turning upon a strong pin or stud projecting from the side of the dovetail
shaped slide block already described. The form of the cam is so determined that
the operations are as follows:-
1. The plungers transmit their pressures slowly to the previously supplied
material.
2. The plungers by means of the different levers described are quickly brought
away from each other.
3. A. period of rest takes place which allows time for the removal of the finished
blocks and for refilling the mould.
The working of the lever which operates the upper moveable part of the lower
plunger and of the lever by which a sliding frame or box filled with material is
brought over the mould, and removed from it, is effected by a transverse axle
arranged to revolve in bearings and having upon it a toothed wheel set in motion
for a single revolution during the period when the plungers are at rest, by means
of a circular toothed segment upon the wheel which carries the cam. A lever
turning upon a centre has at its upper end a fork, which embraces the sliding box
or frame by which the mould is filled, and pins upon the sides of which box move
in slots in the arms of the fork.
The lower end of the lever is connected, by a short link with a crank pin upon
the side of a toothed wheel, so that when the latter makes its revolution the
sliding box or frame is withdrawn from the mould and then brought back into its
position above the latter.
The upper part of the lower plunger is raised sufficiently above the lower part
when required, by means of a lever operated by a cam fixed at about the middle
of the shaft, which forces up the plunger top and pressed block at the right time
so as to discharge the latter from the mould, the plunger top then falling back by
its own weight. When the sliding box or frame is withdrawn as described from
above the mould (the upper plunger being in its highest position) it is brought
under a hopper filled with the material to be treated, from which it is filled, and is
then brought back above the mould into which the material falls and is compressed
by the plunger.
A plate attached to the sliding box closes the hopper when the box is removed
from under it.
The main shaft carrying the large cam is driven by toothed wheels properly
arranged and actuated by steam or other power. This main shaft should make
about 12 revolutions per minute.
Two similar sets of the apparatus described are preferably arranged side by
side the plungers in the second set being actuated by a cam upon the outer
side of the wheel which carries that first described, and two similar sets may
also be arranged in a line with those described, the cams being so arranged that
the plungers come into operation in succession, the strain upon the main shaft
being thus reduced.
If each set of plungers compresses four blocks or briquettes at once, the four
sets will make sixteen, and at twelve revolutions, 192 per minute.
. Dated this 1st day of April 1892.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
::
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Making Briquettes or
Blocks of Coal or Peat or other materials.
I, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE CANNOT, of 20, Bucklersbury, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings, that is to say :—
My present invention relates to machinery or apparatus for making what are
known as "briquettes," or blocks of small coal mixed with a suitable agglomerating
material, and it is also applicable to such briquettes or blocks made of peat or other
substances.
It has for its object novel methods of constructing arranging, and operating, the
several parts of such machine, so that they are very strong and effective in
operation, economical and cheaply worked, and capable of turning out large
quantities of the briquettes or blocks.
The accompanying drawings are in illustration of my invention,
Figure 1 being a side view, partly in section, and Figure 2 a plan, partly in
section.
.
I take a suitable frame a of cast iron or other material of sufficient strength
provided at or near half its height, with a table or frame b containing a number of
vertical moulds c, c, open above and below and of a size and shape in plan. (as
shewn in Figure 2) corresponding with the blocks which are to be moulded.
1
The moulds c, c, are made changeable, so that blocks of any desired size may be
made. The mould box or frame has preferably four divisions as shewn in Figure. 2,
in each of which one block is pressed.
Above and below the moulds are arranged corresponding rising and falling
plungers or rams d, e, guided in guides attached to the frame, and having at their
ends plates or blocks e and f so shaped that they can enter freely into the moulds c
as they rise and fall.
The lower plungers e¹ never leave the moulds entirely, but the upper ones frise
so high that a box or slide 9 filled with the material to be pressed can pass between
the top of the mould box c and the plunger fin the highest position of the latter,
as shewn in Figure 1.
The lower plunger el resembles the upper one except that it is made in two parts
the upper part e resting upon, but moving up from, the lower one e when required,
for the purpose of forcing up the compressed block out of the mould c at the right
time in the manner hereinafter described, the blocks being then delivered to an
endless travelling band by which they are conveyed away.
The outer ends of the plungers d and e are jointed to short links h, h¹, the other
ends of which are jointed to the short arms of bell-crank levers turning upon
centres k,, formed upon or attached to the frame, the whole arrangement forming
toggle" joints by which when the outer ends i, i, of the bell-crank levers are
turned in the proper direction away from each other the plungers e, f, are forced
with gradually increasing force into the moulds c, whilst when they are turned in
the other direction the plungers are withdrawn from the moulds."
The outer ends of the longer arms i, i, of the upper and lower bellcranks are
connected by strong connecting rods 1, to a cross head m, working in horizontal
guides n, n, fixed to the frame of the machine, and to the cross head is also fixed a
horizontal rod o extending backward for a sufficient distance, and having at its
outer end a slide-block p working backward and forward in horizontal dovetail
slide bars or guides r. If therefore the slide block p last described be made to
reciprocate backward and forward in its guides r the plungers e', f, will be made to
enter and recede from the moulds c.
In order to effect the reciprocation of the dovetailed, block p in the required

page_text: manner, I arrange across the machine just below the horizontal reciprocating rod o
a very strong, horizontal shaft s revolving in bearings t formed upon or attached to
the bed of the machine, and upon this shaft I firmly fix a wheel v carrying upon its
inner side a cam-shaped plate having a recessed cam-path w in which fits a friction
roller & turning upon a strong pin or stud y projecting from the side of the dove-tail
shaped slide block p already described. The form of the cam is so determined that
the movements and operations take place as follows:
1). The plungers e, f, transmit their pressure slowly to the previously supplied
material in the moulds c.
2). The plungers by means of the different levers described, are quickly brought
away from each other.
3). A period of rest takes place which allows time for the removal of the finished
blocks from the moulds and for refilling the moulds.
The working of the lever which operates the upper moveable part e¹ of the lower
plunger e and of the lever by which a sliding box or frame g filled with material is
brought over the mould c and removed from it, is effected by a transverse axle =
arranged to revolve in bearings and having upon it a toothed wheel 3 set in motion
for a single revolution during the period when the plungers are at rest, in their
separated position, by means of circular toothed segment 4 (Figure 2) upon the
wheel which carries the cam w. A lever or levers turning upon centres 5 have
at their upper end forks 7, which embrace pins 6 fixed in the sides of the sliding
box or frame g by which the moulds c, c, are filled. The lower ends of the levers
are connected by short links 8 with crank pins upon the side of the toothed
wheel, and of a corresponding plain wheel or disc at the other end of the axle z, so
that when the latter makes its revolution the sliding box or frame g is withdrawn
from the moulds c, c, and then brought back into its original position above the
.latter.
:
"
The upper part e¹ of the lower plunger e is raised sufficiently above the lower
part when required by means of a lever I operated by a cam 10 fixed at about the
middle of the shaft, which forces up the plunger top e¹ and the pressed block at the
right time so as to discharge the latter from the mould c, the plunger top e¹ then
falling back by its own weight. When the sliding box or frame g is withdrawn as
described from above the mould c (the upper plunger d being in its highest position)
it is brought under a hopper 11 filled with the material to be treated, from which
it is filled, and is then brought back above the mould c into which the material falls
and is compressed by the plungers. A plate 12 attached to the sliding box closes
the hopper 11 when the box g is removed from under it.
g
The main shafts carrying the large cam w is driven by toothed wheels properly
arranged and actuated by steam or other power.
This main shaft should make about 12 revolutions per minute.
Two similar sets of the apparatus described are preferably arranged side by side,
the plungers in the second set being actuated by a cam (shewn at wl in Figure 2)
upon the outer side of the wheel which carries that first described, and two
similar sets may also be arranged in a line with those described, the cams being so
arranged that the plungers come into operation in succession, the strain upon the
main shaft being thus reduced.
If each set of plungers compresses four blocks or briquettes at once, the four sets
will make sixteen, or at 12 revolutions, 192 per minute.
· I do not confine myself to the precise form and arrangement of the different
parts of the apparatus, which may be varied more or less as may be found
advisable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The machine for making briquettes or blocks, of coal, peat, or other materials,
consisting of the framing a moulds c. plungers d. e. pressure blocks e¹, f, moveable

page_text: feed box links h,, bell-cranks and levers i, ', connecting rods 1, 1, cross head
and guides, m, n, rod o, slide block p, roller and pin x, y, cam path w carried by
shafts, and lever 1 and cam 10 actuating the separate pressure block e', all
arranged and operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes described
and illustrated.
2. For the purpose of operating the moveable box g, the combination of the
toothed wheel 3, toothed segment 4, crank pins 9, links 8, levers turning upon
centres 5, and having forked upper ends 7 embracing pins 6 on the moveable
box 9, arranged and operating substantially as described and illustrated.
3. For the purpose of operating the separate pressure block e', the lever 1
operated by the cam 10 carried by the shaft z, substantially as described and
illustrated.
4. The methods of operating two or more machines of the kind described, by
means of an additional cam path w¹ upon the wheel v, and an extension of the
reciprocating shaft o backward, substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 1st day of February 1893.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.