Improvements in Machinery for Lifting and Lowering Loads.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 2nd Feb., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Lifting and Lowering Loads.
We, GEORGE TANGYE, Director of Tangyes Limited, of Cornwall Works,
Soho, in the County of Stafford, Engineers, and THOMAS MEACOCK, of No. 348
Soho Road, Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Mechanical Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in machinery
for lifting and lowering loads, the parts of which are constructed and combined
and operate in the manner hereinafter described. Our improvements are
especially applicable to overhead travelling cranes but are also applicable to
other kinds of cranes. Our said improvements are also specially applicable to
cranes or hoists operated by electric, gas, oil or other portable motors. They are
however applicable to cranes or hoists operated by hand or by steam power.
We will describe our invention in connection with an overhead travelling
crane. When the said crane is to be opereated by an electric, gas, oil or other
portable motor we fix the motor on a bracket supported by or secured to one of
the cross girders of the crane. By fixing the motor in this position the arrange-
ment of the belt motion is much simplified, a much greater length of belt can be
used and as the belts are in planes approximately horizontal a simple belt shifting
gear may be adopted. The same arrangement has the advantage of bringing the
three cross shafts adjacent to each other, the longitudinal cross shaft being in a
convenient position to be rigidly supported from the bottom flange of the cross
girder.
The arrangement of shafts described facilitates the use of one set of tumbler or
vertically sliding support bearings serving for the two shafts; thereby simplifying
the construction of the mechanism and giving steadiness to the motion of the
shafts in consequence of the breadth of the double bearing. This steadiness
reduces the wear both of the bearing and shafts.
In order to facilitate the lubrication of the cross shaft or shafts of cranes
which have one or more keyways extending along their whole or nearly their
whole length, we reduce those portions of the keys working in them which
extend on either side of the wheel keyed to the shaft so as not to project from
the surface of the shaft. We are thus enabled to run the shafts directly in the
bearings instead of arranging the bearings on journals on the driven wheel and
to adopt any of the ordinary systems of lubrication of the said shafts and bearings.
Further, by bringing the bearings in contact with the shaft there is less
resistance due to friction, the friction acting at a less radius than in the ordinary
arrangements.
The crab gearing being at right angles to the cross girders permits of the
employment of a simple arrangement of spur gearing and reduces the width of the
crab which allows of a greater cross motion for the load.
We arrange the band brake on the barrel shaft and automatically sustain the
load in the following manner. The ends of the lifting ropes or chains are secured
to the lifting barrel and pass under the sheave of the lifting block and over a
compensating pulley on a rocking shaft situated in bearings on the crab. When

page_text: the load is suspended the rocking shaft making a partial rotation tightens the
band on the sustaining ratchet 'disc. The load is suspended so long as the ratchet
disc is prevented from rotating with the barrel. At the periphery of the ratchet
disc a series of ratchet teeth are formed with which pawls on the lifting wheel
engage; or pawls may be arranged on the ratchet disc and ratchet teeth on the
adjoining spur wheel. These pawls permit the barrel to rotate in the direction
for lifting the load without the brake disc rotating but prevent rotation of the
barrel in the direction for lowering unless the brake is somewhat released.
The releasing of the brake is effected by an endless chain or cord operating one
or more levers which effect the partial rotation of the rocking shaft in the
opposite direction to that hereinbefore referred to. We employ a lock nut on the
projecting end of the rocking shaft for facilitating the accurate adjustment of
the brake power. We employ a band brake acting on the periphery of a pinion
clutch, the said band brake being operated by a simple centrifugal governor upon
the load descending quicker than the normal speed. This governor receives its
rotary motion preferably by belt, chain or other gear worked from the barrel
shaft or the pinion clutch.
All the motions of the crane are controlled from the same part of the crane.
Two speeds can be adopted one for heavy loads and the other for light loads.
The clutch we prefer to employ in carrying our invention into effect consists of
a turned conical box or cup cast on or attached to the wheel to be driven with à
second conical box or cup keyed upon the driving shaft, the said second cup
fitting within the first named cup. In the second cup a resistance ring is secured
the said resistance ring being forced against the bottom of the first nained cup by
two or more adjustable coiled springs with sufficient pressure to effect the rotation
of the first named cup when the parts of the clutch are thrown into gear. By
effecting the driving of the clutch by means of frictional contact, shocks due to
the slipping of the lifting chain of the crane or to other causes are neutralised.
A collar can be secured to the shaft to keep the first named or driven cup of the
clutch in position and to take the thrust of the said cup.
When the said clutch is used for driving and disconnecting two shafts, the
outer cup is keyed upon the end of one shaft and the inner cup is keyed on the
end of the other shaft, the arrangement and working of the parts being as already
described.
In operating these clutches in overhead travelling cranes, having a travelling
cross carriage or crab, we fix an endless pitch chain or rope across the span of the
traveller, the said chain working on a plain grooved sheave at one end and on a
pitched or sprocket grooved wheel at the other end. Affixed to the crab is a
weighted lever the motion of which is effected by the motion of the chain
described in one or other direction. When the hand chain is operated by the
attendant in one direction the parts of the clutch are put into gear and when the
chain is moved in the opposite direction the clutch is thrown out of gear
the weighted lever preventing the clutch from being thrown into gear until
operated by the chain.
We provide the heads of the lifting hooks with a cushion or bearing of solid or
liquid lubricant.
The application of our improvements to lifting and lowering machinery other
than overhead travelling cranes differs in no essential respect from their
application to an overhead travelling crane as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 15th day of February 1894.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery for Lifting and Lowering Loads.
We, GEORGE TANGYE, Director of Tangyes Limited, of Cornwall Works,
Soho, in the County of Stafford, Engineers, and THOMAS MEACOCK, of No. 348
Soho Road, Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :--
Our invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in machinery
for lifting and lowering loads, the parts of which are constructed and combined
and operate in the manner hereinafter described. Our improvements are especially
applicable to overhead travelling cranes but are also applicable to other kinds of
cranes. Our said improvements are also specially applicable to cranes or hoists
operated by electric, gas, oil or other portable motors. They are however applicable
to cranes or hoists operated by hand or by steam power.
We will describe our invention in connection with an overhead travelling crane.
When the said crane is to be operated by an electric gas, oil, or other portable
motor we fix the motor on a bracket supported by or secured to one of the cross
girders of the crane. By fixing the motor in this position the arrangement of the
belt motion is much simplified, a much greater length of belt can be used and as
the belts are in planes approximately horizontal, a simple belt shifting gear may
be adopted. The same arrangement has the advantage of bringing the three
cross shafts adjacent to each other, the outer cross shaft being in a con-
venient position to be rigidly supported from the bottom flange of the cross
girder.
The arrangement of shafts described facilitates the use of one set of tumbler or
vertically sliding support hearings serving for the two shafts; thereby simplifying
the construction of the mechanism and giving steadiness to the motion of the shafts
in consequence of the breadth of the double bearing. This steadiness reduces the
wear both of the bearing and shafts.
In order to facilitate the lubrication of the cross shaft or shafts of cranes which
have one or more keyways extending along their whole or nearly their whole
length, we reduce those portions of the keys working in them which extend on
either side of the wheel keyed to the shaft so as not to project from the surface of
the shaft. We are thus enabled to run the shafts directly in the bearings instead
of arranging the bearings or journals on the driven wheel and to adopt any of
the ordinary systems of lubrication of the said shafts and bearings. Further,
by bringing the bearings in contact with the shaft there is less resistance
due to friction, the friction acting at a less radius than in the ordinary
arrangements.
The crab gearing being at right angles to the cross girders permits of the
employment of a simple arrangement of spur gearing and reduces the width of the
crab which allows of a greater cross motion for the load.
We arrange the band brake on the barrel shaft and automatically sustain the
load in the following manner. The ends of the lifting ropes or chains are secured
to the lifting barrel and pass under the sheaves of the lifting block and over a
When
compensating pulley on a rocking shaft situated in bearings on the crab.
the load is suspended the rocking shaft making a partial rotation tightens the band
on the sustaining ratchet disc. The load is suspended so long as the ratchet disc
is prevented from rotating with the barrel. At the periphery of the ratchet disc a
series of ratchet teeth are formed with which pawls on the lifting wheel engage;
or pawls may be arranged on the ratchet disc and ratchet teeth on the adjoining

page_text: spur wheel. These pawls permit the barrel to rotate in the direction for lifting
the load without the break disc rotating but prevent rotation of the barrel in the
direction for lowering unless the break is somewhat released. The releasing of the
brake is effected by an endless chain or cord operating one or more levers which
effect the partial rotation of the rocking shaft in the opposite direction to that
hereinbefore referred to. We employ a lock nut on the projecting end of the
rocking shaft for facilitating the accurate adjustment of the brake power. We
employ a band brake acting on the periphery of a pinion clutch, the said band
brake being operated by a simple centrifugal governor upon the load descending
quicker than the normal speed. This governor receives its rotary motion
preferably by belt, chain or other gear worked from the barrel shaft or the pinion
clutch.
All the motions of the crane are controlled from the same part of the
crane.
Two speeds can be adopted one for heavy loads and the other for light
loads.
.
The clutch we prefer to employ in carrying our invention into effect consists of
a turned conical box or cup cast on or attached to the wheel to be driven with a
second conical box or cup keyed and sliding upon the driving shaft the said second
cup fitting within the first named cup. Situated in the second cup is a resistance
ring secured to the shaft and by means of two or more adjustable coiled springs
the second named cup is drawn into the first named cup with sufficient pressure to
effect the rotation of the first named clutch when the parts of the clutch are
thrown into gear. By effecting the driving of the clutch by means of frictional
contact, shocks due to the slipping of the lifting chain of the crane or to other
causes are neutralized. A collar can be secured to the shaft to keep the first
named or driven cup of the clutch in position and to take the thrust of the
said cup.
When the said clutch is used for driving and disconnecting two shafts the outer
cup is keyed upon the end of one shaft and the inuer cup is keyed on the end
of the other shaft the arrangement and working of the parts being as already
described.
In operating these clutches in overhead travelling cranes having a travelling
cross carriage or crab, we fix an endless pitch chain or rope across the span of the
traveller, the said chain working on a plain grooved sheave, at each end. Affixed
to the crab is a weighted lever the motion of which is effected by the motion of the
chain described in one or other direction. When the hand chain is operated by
the attendant in one direction the parts of the clutch are put into gear and when
the chain is moved in the opposite direction the clutch is thrown out of gear the
weighted lever preventing the clutch from being thrown into gear until operated by
the chain. We provide the heads of the lifting hooks with a cushion or bearing of
solid or liquid lubricant.
The application of our improvements to lifting and lowering machinery other
than overhead travelling craues differs in no essential respect from their application
to an overhead travelling crane as hereinbefore described.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings
our improvements as applied to an overhead travelling crane electrically
driven.
Figure 1 represents the said overhead travelling crane in side elevation;
Figure 2 the same in plan and Figure 3 the same in cross section taken on the
line, y Figure 2.
The other figures represent parts of the same detached, drawn to a larger
scale and modified arrangements of some of the parts as hereinafter particularly
described.
The same letters and numerals indicate the same parts in the several figures of
the drawings.
We will first describe with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, the arrangement

page_text: of the cross shafts of the crane through which shafts the motion of the
traveller or crab A is effected, and also the motor for driving the said
shafts.
a is the electro motor (or other motor) fixed on the bracket b supported from
the underside of the cross girder c. The motion of the drum a', driven by the said
motor a, is transmitted to the three parallel cross shafts d, e, f by the belts repre-
sented. The arrangement or position represented of the motor a permits of the
simplification of the belt motion; further, belts of greater length than usual can
be conveniently used and as the belts are in planes approximately horizontal, as
represented in Figure 3, a simple belt shifting gear may be adopted. The said
arrangement also enables the three cross shafts d, e, f to be brought adjacent to
each other and the cross shaft d to be rigidly supported from the bottom flange of
the cross girder by the brackets g, g as represented in Figure 2. The arrange-
ment represented of the two shafts e, f permits of one set of tumbler bearings, or
one set of vertically sliding bearings of the kinds hereinafter described being used
with the two shafts. The said tumbler bearings or vertically sliding bearings, are
used for permitting of the passage of the crab of the crane as the traveller A
makes its traversing motion on the girders c, c² in either direction as hereinafter
described.
Our improved tumbler bearings for the shafts e, f are represented in combination
with the overhead crane in Figures 1 and 2 and are marked and the said tumbler
bearings are represented drawn to a larger scale in side elevation in Figure 4 and
end elevation in Figure 5, and we will describe the said tumbler bearings with
reference to the said Figures 4 and 5.
The cross shafts e, fare supported in the slipper bearings i, k embedded in the
bearing bracket, which is supported by two vertical arms m, m turning upon
centres n. When the said arms m, m are vertical they support the cross shafts e, f,
but when the crab A travelling along the cross girders c, c² requires to pass the
supports of the shafts e, f, a striker p (see Figures 1, 8 and 9) on the crab depresses
the arms m, m into the inclined position indicated in dotted lines in Figure 5, or
according to the direction in which the crab is travelling into an equally inclined
position on the other side of a vertical position. On the bracket carrying the
slippers i, k, being depressed from the shafts e f the latter are supported during the
passage of the crab by bearings on the striker p on the crab. These bearings are
represented on a larger scale in Figures 8 and 9. After the crab has passed the
tumbler bearing, and no longer depresses the arms m, m, the bracket / is restored
to its normal vertical position by the coiled springs q, q.
In place of the tumbler bearings last described the vertical sliding support
bearings represented in section in Figure 6 and end elevation in Figure 7 may be
used. In this arrangement, centres r, r carry cranks s, & connected by the cross
rod t which engages in a slot u in the vertical sides of the support (see Figure 6);
w is the striker on the crab which on the motion of the crab strikes against the
projection on the disc plate y carried by one of the centres r, thereby carrying
the cranks through a quadrant and depressing the bearing so as to permit of the
crab passing the said bearing. The raising or restoration of the sliding bearing (2
to its normal position is effected by a second tooth or branch of the striker w in the
ordinary way.
By the use of the double bearings represented in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 the
construction of the mechanism is simplified and great steadiness given to the shafts
in consequence of the breadth of the double bearing and the wear and tear of both
the bearings and shafts are reduced.
Our arrangement for facilitating the lubrication of the cross shaft or shafts of
cranes, which shafts have one or more keyways extending along or nearly along
their whole length, is illustrated in side elevation in Figure 8 and end elevation
partly in vertical section in Figure 9; Figure 10 represents the key detached. It
will be seen by reference to Figures 8 and 10 that the key is reduced in depth at
each end so as to bring the said ends to the same diameter as the shaft. As the

page_text: '
reduced parts of the keys do not project from the shafts e, f the said shafts can be
run directly in their bearing z, z and the ordinary bearings or journals on the
driven wheels aud 2 are dispensed with. Any of the ordinary systems of
lubrication may be adopted with shafts and bearings of the kind described and the
other advantages hereinbefore pointed out are obtained.
We will now describe the crab gearing. It will be seen that the crab gearing
represented in Figures 1 and 2 is situated at right angles to the cross girders c, €2
whereby the arrangement of the spur gearing simplified and the width of the
crab reduced and a greater cross motion for the load permitted.
Our arrangements of the sustaining band brake and and governing band brake of
the crab are represented in Figures 1 and 2 and drawn to a larger scale in
Figures 11, 12, 13, 13 and 13B: Figures 11 and 12 represent sectional views
taken in planes at right angles to one another of the ratchet or brake disc and
adjoining spur wheel and Figure 13 represents a portion of the same: Figures 13
and 13 represent respectively in front and side elevation the sustaining ban
brake and governor band brake arrangements.
We will first, describe the sustaining band brake arrangement. The band brake
is situated on the shaft of the barrel 3 and the load is automatically sustained in
the following manner. The ends of the lifting ropes or chains are secured to the
lifting barrel 3 and pass under the sheaves of the lifting block 4 and over a com-
pensating pulley 5 on a rocking shaft 6 situated in bearings in the crab frame.
When the load is suspended the rocking shaft 6 making a partial rotation tightens
the band on the sustaining ratchet disc 7. The load is suspended so long as the
ratchet disc 7 is prevented from rotating with the barrel 3. At the periphery of the
ratchet disc 7 a series of ratchet teeth is formed with which pawls on the lifting
wheel engage; or spring pawls 10 (see Figures 11 and 12) may be arranged on
the ratchet disc 7 and ratchet teeth 11 on the adjoining spur wheel 8. The
pawls 10 are pressed forward by the coiled springs around the pins 12. These
spring pawls permit the barrel 3 to rotate in the direction for lifting the load
without the brake or ratchet disc 7 rotating, but prevent rotation of the said
barrel 3 in the direction for lowering unless the brake is somewhat released. The
releasing of the brake is effected by an endless chain or cord operating one or
more levers which effect the partial rotation of the rocking shaft 6 in the opposite
direction to that hereinbefore referred to. This will be understood by referring to
Figures 13 and 138. The sustaining brake band 14 on the ratchet disc 7 is
anchored at 39, the lock nuts 40 being available for adjusting the brake band 14
so that it will just clear the periphery of the ratchet disc 7. The load auto-
matically tightens the band 14 on the disc 7 through the lever 15 secured to the
rocking shaft 6. The end of the band 14 is attached to the end of the lever 15 by
the pin 42 (see Figure 13). By the tightening of the band 14 on the disc 7 the
barrel 3 is prevented from rotating and the load is sustained by the pawl and
ratchet mechanism before described.
For lowering the load by the brake, the chain or cord 43 (Figure 134) is pulled
by the attendant, which cord acting through the lever 44, jointed at 45, and
connecting link 46, lowers the lever 15 thereby giving a partial rotation to the
rocking shaft 6, in an opposite direction to that in which the load moves it for
suspending the said load, when the load will descend according as the tightness of
the band 14 is more or less reduced on the disc 7.
To prevent the load descending at accelerated speed we employ a centrifugal
governor 18 which receives rotary motion from the pinion 19 worked from the lit
wheel 20, and when the said pinion rotates at a speed greater than the normal
speed, the expansion of the governor balls tightens the band 21 upon the periphery
of the pinion clutch 22 thereby retarding the descent of the load. The band 21
is anchored to the crab frame at 47, the lock nuts 48 being available for adjusting
the band 21 to clear the periphery of the pinion clutch 22 when not actuated by
the governor 18. The other end of the band 21 is connected to the governor 18
by means of the link 49, side rods 52 and levers 53 and 54.

page_text: When the governor is driven at normal speed the band 21 clears the periphery
of the pinion clutch 22" and offers no resistance while lifting and lowering at
normal speed.
We employ a lock nut on the rocking shaft 6 carrying the compensating
pulley 5 for facilitating the accurate adjustment of the brake power. The lock
nut arrangement is represented in the crab Figures 1 and 2 and in the enlarged
views Figures 14 and 15. The compensating pulley marked 5 in Figure 2 is
represented on a larger scale in Figures 14 and 15. Carried on the pin 13 and
situated in a recess in the rocking shaft 6, is the pulley 5 over which the lifting
rope passes. The said pulley 5 bears one half of the weight being raised or
lowered and according to the distance of the pulley 5 from the centre or axial line
of the rocking shaft 6 the load has a greater or less tendency to produce rotary
motion in the said shaft 6 and thereby produce a greater or less degree of tightness
in the sustaining brake band 14 through the lever 15 secured to the rocking
shaft 6. By adjusting the lock nuts 16 the pulley can be brought with any
degree of nicety to a greater or less distance from the axial line of the rocking
shaft 6. The screws 17 hold the adjusted pulley in position.
Our improved crab clutch is represented partly in elevation and partly in section
in Figure 16 and end elevation in Figure 17. The said clutch consists of a turned
conical box or cup 22 cast on or attached to the wheel 24 to be driven and a second
conical box or cup 25 keyed to and sliding upon the driving shaft 26, the said
cup 25 fitting within the first named cup 22. In the cup 25 a resistance ring 23
secured to the shaft 26 is situated and by means of two or more adjustable coiled
springs 27 the cup 25 is drawn into the cup 22 with sufficient pressure to effect the
rotation of the said cup 22 when the parts of the clutch are thrown into gear. By
effecting the driving of the clutch by means of frictional contact shocks due to the
slipping of the lifting chain of the crane or to other causes are neutralized. By
means of the lock nut 29 the compression of the springs 27 may be regulated so as
to determine the driving power at which the clutches should slip thereby preventing
shock to the gearing.
A collar 28 may be secured to the shaft 26 to keep the driven cup 22 of the
clutch in position and to take the thrust of the said cup.
Figures 20 and 21 represent the said clutch used for driving and disconnecting
two shafts marked respectively 50 and 51. In this arrangement the outer cup 22
is keyed upon the end of the shaft 50 and the inner cup 25 is keyed on the end of
the other shaft 5i, the arrangement and working of the parts being the same as in
the clutch already described.
In operating clutches of this kind in overhead travelling cranes having a
travelling cross carriage or crab as represented in Figures 1 and 2, we fix a pitch
chain or rope 30 across the span of the traveller, the said chain working on grooved
sheaves 31, at the ends of the crane and actuated by one or more endless chains 32
(see Figure 1).
Affixed to the crab is a weighted (or unweighted) lever 33 (see Figure 2) the
motion of which is effected by the motion of the chains 32 in one or other direction.
When the hand chain 32 is operated by the attendant in one direction the parts of
the clutch are put into gear and when the said chain is moved in the opposite
direction the clutch or clutches is or are thrown out of gear, the lever 33 when
weighted preventing the clutch from being thrown into gear until operated by the
chain 32.
All the motions of the crane are thus controlled from the same part of the crane
as will be seen by referring to Figures 1 and 2 where all the motions are controlled
from the left hand side of the said Figures 1 and 2.
Two speeds can be adopted one for heavy loads and the other for light loads.
The head of the lifting hook of the crab is provided with a cushion or bearing
of solid or liquid lubricant. This part of our invention is illustrated in Figures 18
and 19. The sheave frame 34 contains the head 35 of the hook having a collar

page_text: and leather washer 36; 37 is an annular layer or stratum or cushion of solid or
liquid lubricant such as paraffin or oil. The said lubricant is situated between the
underside of the head 35 of the hook and the bottom of the sheave frame 34. The
whole weight suspended from the hook at 35 is borne by the cushion or bearing of
lubricant 37; 38, 38 are parts of the vertical sides of the sheave frame.
By the use of the annular stratum, cushion or bearing of lubricant 37 the
suspended weight can be swivelled with great facility.
We apply our improvements to lifting and lowering machinery, other than over-
head travelling cranes, such as portable or wharf, warehouse and similar hoisting
appliances, substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and represented
with respect to an overhead travelling crane.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as our invention of "Improvements in machinery for lifting and lowering
loads";-
First. Fixing the driving motor of overhead travelling cranes to the underside
of one of the cross girders of the crane and in the position hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, thereby
permitting of the use of a series of driving belts, situated in horizontal planes or
approximately in horizontal planes, for driving the cross shafts of the crane.
Secondly. Arranging the lifting and cross shafts e, f of the overhead travelling
crane near to and parallel to each other in a horizontal plane for the purpose
and substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of
the accompanying drawings; also the arrangement described and illustrated of
the parallel outer shaft d with respect to the shafts e, f so that the said shaft d
can be rigidly supported by brackets from the bottom flange of the cross girder.
Thirdly. The construction and combination of the parts of the double tumbler
bearings and vertically sliding support bearings for the adjacent parallel lifting
and cross crab traversing shafts of overhead travelling cranes hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 4, 5 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings, whereby the
said shafts are supported by and connected to the same bracket or support so as to
be simultaneously depressed from and restored to the normal positions and the
vibration attendant on the use of single tumbler bearings and vertically sliding
support bearings obviated substantially as described and illustrated.
Fourthly. Constructing the keys of the cross shafts of cranes with reduced ends
as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 8, 9 and 10 of the accom-
panying drawings, whereby lubrication of the said shafts is facilitated and the
shafts can turn directly in their bearings instead of in bearings or journals on the
driven wheel or wheels.
Fifthly. The general arrangement and combination of parts hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings for operating the band
brake of the crab of overhead travelling cranes and other lifting appliances for
automatically sustaining the load.
Sixthly. In overhead travelling cranes and other lifting appliances, the com-
bination with the ratchet or brake disc provided with a series of spring pawls, of a
series of ratchet teeth on the side of the adjoining spur wheel for the said spring
pawls to engage with for preventing the rotation of the lifting barrel in the direction
for lowering the load as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 11, 12
and 13 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventhly. The lock nut arrangement applied to the compensating pulley on
the rocking shaft of the crab frame for facilitating the accurate adjustment of the
brake power of lifting appliances substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 14 and 15 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighthly. The arrangement of parts herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2 13 and 13 of the accompanying drawings, worked from a centrifugal

page_text: governor, for operating the pinion clutch of overhead travelling cranes and other
lifting appliances and thereby preventing the load lowering beyond the normal
speed.
Ninthly. The improvements in clutches for the shafts of the crabs of overhead
travelling cranes and other cranes and hoists herein before described and illustrated
in Figures 16, 17, 20 and 21 of the accompanying drawings; that is to say, the-
combination with the outer and inner cups of the clutch of a resistance ring fixed
to the rotating shaft, the said resistance ring being provided with adjustable coiled
springs for drawing the inner cup into the outer cup with sufficient pressure to-
effect, without shock, the rotation of the outer cup substantially as described and
illustrated.
Tenthly. The arrangement of parts hereinbefore described and illustrated in-
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings for operating clutches in overhead
traversing cranes whereby all the motions of the crane are controlled from the same.
side of the crane.
Lastly. The combination with the heads of the lifting hooks of cranes and other
apparatus for lifting and lowering loads, of an annular cushion or bearing of solid
or liquid lubricant for sustaining the whole weight suspended from the hook,
whereby the suspended weight can be swivelled with great facility substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 18 and 19 of the accompanying
drawings.
Deted the Third dex of November 189a
GEORGE TANGYE.
THOMAS MEACOCK..