IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BITUMENIZED PAPER PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Horn, Whitechapel High Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BITUMENIZED PAPER
PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 9th August 1861, and dated the 16th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Horn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1861.
I, JAMES HORN, of Whitechapel High Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BITUMENIZED
PAPER PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improved machinery for the manufacture of pipes from bitumen and
paper consists of a series of four or more.cylinders or rollers mounted on axes,
in a rectangular or other shaped frame, supported on standards, to which
cylinders or rollers revolving motion is imparted by steam or other power
through a series of pinions and spindles. Of these rollers, when four are
employed, the first and third or bituminous rollers revolve so as to bring their
outer circumference in contact with bitumen in a liquified, state, which is con-
tained in rectangular or other shaped tanks or vessels placed inside the frame-
work of the machine, which bitumen the rollers take up as they revolve, the
bitumen being maintained in a liquid state by a suitable heating arrangement.
The second or rounding and the fourth or polishing rollers are not provided
with tanks. The framework has along its upper surface at the sides racks and

page_text: planed guides in which can travel a carriage, having upon its under side
toothed pinions which gear in with the racks, with turned rollers for the
true guidance of the carriage. This carriage is for the purpose of holding
or supporting the mandril upon which the tube, cylinder, or other article is to
be formed, and is so arranged as to be adjustable for holding the various
sizes of mandrils which may be required according to the desired size of the
pipe or tube by means of a lathe bead and screw turned by a hand wheel.
This screw is provided with a collar and washer moving in a socket, in which
is inserted india-rubber or a spiral spring to accomodate itself to any irre-
gularity in the mandrils. The carriage as well as the first bitumen roller is
provided at each end with gripping jaws so as to grip or hold the mandril
firmly during the operation of rolling either upon the bitumen rollers or on
the finishing cylinder. They are opened and shut instantaneously by means
of an eccentric.
At one end of the machine is placed a frame capable of holding three or
more pipes or tubes after they have been formed. Underneath this frame is
placed a fan rotated by connection with the motive mechanism. The pipes or
tubes being received in a heated state from the forming machinery, the object
of this arrangement is to cool them more rapidly than could otherwise be
done.
At one end of the machine the paper is wound on a wooden roller, sup-
ported on suitable bearings, and free to revolve. From this cylinder or drum
the paper passes under the first revolving bitumen cylinder of the machine,
receiving therefrom an uniform coating of bitumen, and from thence round
the forming core or mandril upon the carriage until the desired thickness of
the pipe or tube is attained. The carriage with its gripping jaws having
been adjusted to their proper height, is now moved along the rack, and
receives the pipe or tube from the first pair of lover gripping jaws, and carries
it to the rounding roller, by which the tube is rounded and solidified. From
this rounding roller the carriage with pipe or tube is moved until it is brought
in contact with the third cylinder or roller, which is connected with a tank or
reservoir of finer liquid bitumen than in the first tank, from which the pipe or
tube receives its last coating; thence it is taken by the lever and arm
arrangement before mentioned, and placed upon the finishing roller. It is
then taken from the machine, and placed upon the cooling frame.
For the purpose of joining or coupling the pipes or tubes, I employ ma-
chinery of a similar nature to that already described, but modified in regard
to the size of the rollers, for the purpose of making rings or coupling pieces of
the materials used in the manufacture of the pipes or tubes by means of a

page_text: number of collared flanges put upon the mandrils, the paper having pre--
viously been cut to the desired width to suit the collared mandrils screwed
together on a smaller mandril so as to form a series of collars which, when
they have received their proper thickness, may be rolled on a cylinder or
table.
In some cases, where it might not be desirable to employ cylinders or
rollers for coating the paper or other material, I apply my improvements in
connection with an arrangement of tables with to-and-fro motion similar to the
motion of the tables of planing machines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Horn in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HORN, of 14, High Street, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Horn, Her special licence, that I, the said James Horn,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Horn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BITUMENIZED PAPER PIPES
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Horn, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Horn, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Machinery as heretofore designed for the purpose of manufacturing pipes
from bitumen and paper has been found insufficient for such purpose from
various causes, among which may be mentioned that a proper solidity
and consistency in the pipes or other similar articles to be manufactured
cannot, by the employment of such heretofore existing machinery, be attained
so as to render the pipes and other articles practically available for the
purpose for which they are intended to be used.
The object of my Invention is the construction of improved machinery so
that by its use the defects of the former machinery may be remedied, and a
perfect and therefore practically useful bitumenized paper pipe or other
similar article may be made.
My improved machinery for the manufacture of pipes from bitumen and
paper consists of a series of four or more cylinders or rollers mounted on axes,
in a rectangular or other shaped frame supported on standards, to which
cylinders or rollers revolving motion is imparted by steam or other power
through a series of pinions and spindles.
In the Sheet of Drawings hereunto attached I prefer to show my improved
machinery as constructed with four rollers, though I do not limit myself to
the number thereof more or less.
Fig. 1 in the Drawings is a side elevation; Fig. 2 is a plan; Fig. 3 an
end elevation at A; Fig. 4 an end elevation at B; Fig. 5 is side view; and
Fig. 6 is a plan of the drums or roller for holding the paper before passing
into the machine. Of these rollers, when four are employed, the first and
third or bituminous rollers a', a³, revolve so as to bring their outer circum-
ference in contact with bitumen in a liquified state, which is contained in
rectangular or other shaped tanks or vessels placed inside the framework
b, b, b, b, of the machine, which bitumen the rollers take up as they revolve,
the bitumen being maintained in a liquid state by a suitable heating arrange-
ment. The second or rounding roller a', and the fourth or polishing roller a',
are not provided with tanks. The framework has along its upper surface at
the sides racks c, c, and planed guides d, d, in which can travel a carriage e, e,
having upon its under side toothed pinions f, f, which gear in with the racks
with turned rollers g, g, for the true guidance of the carriage. This carriage
is for the purpose of holding or supporting the mandril h, upon which the
tube, cylinder, or other article is to be formed, and is so arranged as to be
adjustable for holding the various sizes of mandrils which may be required

page_text: according to the desired size of the pipe or tube by means of a lathe head i,
and screw turned by a hand wheel j. This screw is provided with a collar
and washer moving in a socket, in which is inserted india-rubber or a spiral
spring to accomodate itself to any irregularity in the mandrils. The car-
riage, as well as the first bitumen roller a', is provided at each end with
gripping jaws k and , so as to grip or hold the mandril firmly during the
operation of rolling either upon the bitumen rollers or on the finishing cylinder.
They are opened and shut instantaneously by means of eccentrics.
My improvements further consist in rapidly cooling the pipes or other
articles when they are received from the forming machine, and to effect this
at one end of the machine is placed a frame 1, 1, capable of holding three or
more pipes or tubes after they have been formed; underneath this frame, in the
chamber o, is placed a fan rotated by connection with the motive mechanism,
or I effect this object in any other suitable manner. In some cases I apply
the arrangements for cooling directly on to the rounding and finishing cylinders
of the machine itself.
At one end of the machine the paper is wound on a wooden roller m, m,
(Figs. 5 and 6) supported on suitable bearings, and free to revolve from the
cylinder or drum; the paper passes under the first revolving bitumen cylinder
of the machine a', receiving therefrom an uniform coating of bitumen, and
from thence round the forming core or mandril h upon the carriage until the
desired thickness of the pipo or tube is attained.
The carriage with its gripping jaws k having been adjusted to their proper
height, is now moved along the rack, and receives the pipe or tube from the
first pair of lever gripping jaws ³, and carries it to the rounding roller a², by
which the tube is rounded and solidified. From this rounding roller the
carriage e with pipe or tube is moved until it is brought in contact with the
third cylinder or roller a³, which is connected with a tank n' or reservoir of
finer liquid bitumen than in the first tank n; from the tank n' the pipe or
tube receives its last coating. The carriage is then moved further, and
the tube placed upon the finishing roller a*; it is then taken from the machine,
and placed upon the cooling frame.
For the purpose of joining or coupling the pipes or tubes, I employ
machinery of a similar nature to that already described, but modified with
regard to the size of the rollers for the purpose of making rings or coupling
pieces of the materials used in the manufacture of the pipes or tubes by means.
of a number of collared flanges put upon the mandrils (the paper having
previously been cut to the desired width to suit the collared mandrils) screwed
together on a smaller mandril so as to form a series of collars, which, when
i

page_text: they have received their proper thickness, may be rolled on a cylinder or
table.
In some cases where it might not be desirable to employ cylinders or rollers
for coating the paper, I apply my improvements in connection with an arrange-
ment of fixed tables, or in any suitable manner for effecting the purpose.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my Invention, and
the manner in which the same is effected, I wish it to be distinctly under-
stood that I do not claim the construction of machinery having rollers and
tanks for the purpose of manufacturing pipes and other articles from bitumen
and paper as machinery with such adjuncts bas before been used for such
purposes; but what I claim as my "Improvements in Machinery or Appa-
ratus for the Manufacture of Bitumenized Paper Pipes and other similar
Articles," is,―
First, the arrangement of racks and planed guides on the framework of the
machine, or their mechanical equivalents for effecting the true guidance of the
carriage.
Secondly, the travelling carriage with the toothed pinions to goar in with
the rack herein-before mentioned, and the turned rollers or their mechanical
equivalents for the true guidance of the carriage; also the adjusting arrange-
ment for holding the various sizes of mandrils similar to a lathe head, with
screw and hand wheel to turn the same.
Thirdly, I claim the gripping jaw arrangement attached to the carriage and
the first bitumen roller for the purpose of gripping the roller firmly during
the operation of rolling.
Fourthly, the application of wind for the purpose of cooling the pipes or other
articles after they have been formed (or the rounding and finishing rollers of
the machine) by means of rotatory fan with framework as herein described,
or by other suitable means for effecting the purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Horn, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
II. MAYOR.
JAMES HORN. (Ls.)