Improvements in theManufacture of Railway Carriage and Wagon Buffer Cases or Cylinders.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 11th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
Improvements in theManufacture of Railway Carriage and Wagon
Buffer Cases or Cylinders.
We, WILLIAM MCLAREN, of 70, Canfield Gardens, West Hampstead, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, and HARVEY EZRA BROWN, of 17, Ballater Koad, Clapham,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of railway carriage and wagon buffer cases,
and our object is to produce a wrought iron or steel buffer case by a new combination
of stamping or drawing processes. Our invention consists in the manufacture of
wrought iron or steel buffer cases by the process to be hereinafter described. Buffer
cases as at present constructed are manufactured from cast steel or cast iron by casting
in moulds, or they are produced by rivetting or by forging. Such cases have certain
disadvantages which is the object of this invention to remove.
In carrying our invention into effect according to one method, we cut out a wrought
iron or steel disc from a plate. We cup this disc in any ordinary manner preferably
hot. We subject the cup to a drawing process, preferably using the method of
drawing described in our Patent Specification No. 11352 of 1895, which method
consists in drawing the cup by means of a draw ring and a ram or a punch sliding
within it. This draw ring has a bevilled front surface which fits a similar bevil in
a die. The ram passes through the draw ring, and slides into an aperture in the die.
The cup is placed upon the end formed by the ram and the draw ring. The draw
ring is forced down, and produces a bevil in the bottom of the cup to fit the die and
the draw ring surface, or the bevil may be produced by the previous punch. The ram
is then thrust through and it draws the metal through the bevilled edges down to the
smaller diameter, thus producing a very long cup. This operation we prefer to
perform while the metal is at a red heat. Instead however, of drawing the whole of
the cup through the conical part, we so draw it that a cup is formed having at its top
edge a conical flange. This flange we bend to the horizontal preferably by reversing
the drawing ring, and removing the bevilled part of the die. We thus press out the
conical flange and cause it to form a flat flange. In this manner we produce for a
buffer case a deep cylindrical part closed at one end, and having a flange attached at
the open end, the said flange projecting all round the open end at right angles. We
then cut out the bottom of the disc still remaining in the drawn part, and we bend
over, preferably outwards, the advance edge to form the usual thickened or beaded
edge of the buffer case. We perforate the flange with suitable holes, and thus
complete the buffer case in either wrought iron or steel.
We operate the metal at a suitable temperature, preferably above the red heat.
Although we prefer to draw the metal down in the manner we have described by
the use of the draw ring, with its internal ram or punch, yet we may draw out the
cup in a series of stages by the usual form of drawing device, without departing from
our invention.
In another modified method of manufacturing we provide a circular bloom which
we heat to a high temperature, near the welding temperature. We force this bloom

page_text: between suitable dies preferably operated by hydraulic pressure. The projecting
part of the punch enters the metal, thrusts it into a cylindrical die, and causes the
surplus metal to flow over the edge and form a continuous flange round a somewhat
thick cup. By this arrangement we produce at one blow a cup with thick walls, and
a flange of the final form desired. We then draw by means of punches the thick
walled part of the cup until we obtain the desired length. We then cut out the
bottom, and fold over the edge as before described. By this method also we produce
a wrought iron or steel buffer case.
In accordance with another modification we provide a tubular billet, perforated by
any of the well known means common to the tube manufacture. We expand this
tubular billet to bring the whole to nearly the finished size required in the buffer case,
leaving the walls however, thicker than required. We then draw down a portion of
the thick walled tube so formed to produce a long part of less thickness than a short
part which is left unacted on. This we may do by drawing down part of the thickened
tube described between gap rolls, which rolls grip the tube and elongate it for a
certain distance until the gap parts come round, when the whole tube is liberated.
When we sufficiently lengthen part of the tube in this manner, we expand the thicker
upper part to conical form, at the same time thinuing the outer edge. We then force the
outer edge down to the horizontal thinning the flauge throughout, and producing a
flange at right angles to the buffer case. We then turn over the outside edge,
perforate the flange with suitable holes, and so complete the wrought metal buffer
case.
Our wrought steel or iron buffer case, produced in the manner we have described,
possesses great advantage in strength, and lightness, as compared with buffer
cases at present in existence.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Railway Carriage and Wagon
Buffer Cases or Cylinders.
We, WILLIAM MCLAREN, of 70, Caufield Gardens, West Hampstead, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, and HARVEY EZRA BROWN, of 17, Ballater Road, Clapham,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of railway carriage and wagon buffer
cases, and our object is to produce a wrought iron or steel buffer case by a new
combination of stamping or drawing processes. Our invention consists in the
manufacture of wrought iron or steel buffer cases by the process to be hereinafter
described. Buffer cases as at present constructed are manufactured from cast steel
or cast iron by casting in moulds or they are produced by rivetting or by forging.
Such cases have certain disadvantages which is the object of this invention to
remove.
The accompanying drawings illustrate diagrammatically the several processes
necessary to produce the complete buffer case as follows:-
Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate the first series of steps necessary to produce the
flanged cup shown in section on an enlarged scale in Figure 4.

page_text: Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the cup being further drawn and the flange bent over at
right angles to form the bottom flange of the buffer.
Figure 7 illustrates the cup undergoing its final and last drawing and receiving
from a conically shaped die and punch the usual tapered form.
Figure 8 is an illustration of the method of machining the inner portion of the
buffer case.
Figure 9 shows the top beading or edge being formed.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a different method of producing a flanged cup sub-
sequently rolled out to produce a buffer case.
Figures 12 and 13 are views of two finished buffer cases produced by the improved
process.
In carrying our invention into effect according to the method illustrated in
Figures 1 to 9 of the accompanying drawings we cut out a wrought iron or steel disc
from a plate. We cup this disc in any ordinary manner preferably hot.
We subject
this cup A to a drawing process preferably using the method of drawing described
in our Patent Specification No. 11352 of 1895. This method is illustrated in
Figures 1 to 3 and to briefly recapitulate consists in drawing the cup A by means of
a draw ring B and a ram or punch C sliding within it. This draw ring B has
a bevilled surface b which fits a similar bevilled surface d' in a die D. The ram C
passes through the draw ring B and slides into the aperture E in the die. The
cup A is placed upon the end formed by the ram C and draw ring B as shown in
Figure 1. The draw ring B is forced down and produces a bevil in the bottom of
the cup to fit the die and the draw ring surface (all as shown in Figure 2) or in
some cases this bevil may be produced by a previous punch. The rain C is then
thrust through and it draws the metal through the bevilled edges down to the
smaller diameter thus producing a very long cup. This operation we prefer to
perform while the metal is at a red heat.
Instead, however, of drawing the whole of the cup through between the conical part
as in the Patent referred to we so draw it that a cup A (Figure 4) is formed with a
conical flange a at its top edge by the last step in the process as shown in Figure 3.
This flange we bend to the horizontal by placing the cup A upon a second ram or
punch and forcing it into a die F having only a slightly rounded or bevilled corner f
and having a flat ring punch G which after the cup has been forced into the die F
comes down and turns over the flange a at right angles as clearly shown in Figure 6.
The cup A is now put through any required successive number of decreasing dies
until the desired depth is attained and then it is finally given the usual tapered form
by a conical die H and punch or ram I such as those shown at Figure 7 and this
punch or ram I at the termination of its stroke shears or tears away the bottom e of
the cup. The inner surface of the buffer case is preferably machined and to do this
we employ a rimer with spiral teeth whose cutting edges lie in the direction shown
and we force this rimer through by the same press or means employed in drawing.
This produces a clean metallic surface in the interior of the buffer case.
thickened or beaded edge of the buffer case f is preferably formed by a ring punch
forcing the metal into a groove in the die as shown in Figure 9 or the die may be
made plain and the groove formed in the ring punch and it is preferred in both
cases to make the die in halves. It is to be understood that instead of the flat
plate G employed in Figure 5 for the purpose of bending over the flange a at right
angles the ordinary ring punch may be reversed to give the flat surface necessary
for this purpose.
The
To produce a flanged cup with thickened sides which is drawn down into the
buffer we may employ a different method from that herein before described and this
method we illustrate at Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings. We provide
a circular bloom which is heated to a high temperature preferably nearly that of
welding. This bloom J is forced between a suitable punch and die I, and K preferably
operated by bydraulic pressure. The projecting part M of the punch L enters the
metal of the bloom and thrusts it into a cylindrical die K, the surplus metal flowing
over into the extended depression N of the die so as to form a continuous flange round

page_text: a somewhat thick cup, the cup being shown in section clearly at Figure 11. By this
arrangement we produce at one blow a cup with thick walls and a flange of the final
form desired. We then draw by means of punches the thick walled part of the cup
until we obtain the desired length. We then cut out the botton and form the
beaded edge as before described.
In accordance with another modification we provide a tubular billet perforated by
any of the well known means common to tube manufacturers. This tubular billet is
expanded to bring the whole nearly to the required size in a buffer case, leaving the
walls, however, thicker than required. We then draw down a portion of the thick
walled tube so formed to produce a long part of less thickness than a short part which
is left unacted on. This we may do by drawing down part of the thickened tube
described between gap rolls which rolls grip the tube and elongate it for a considerable
distance until the gap part comes round when the whole tube is liberated. When we
sufficiently lengthen part of the tube in this manner we expand the thicker upper part to
conical form at the same time thinning the outer edge. We then force the outer edge
down to the horizontal, thinning the flange throughout and producing a flange at
right angles to the buffer case, and in producing this flange we preferably hold the
tube with an inner punch and flatten by means of an outer ring as described in a
previous modification with reference to Figure 5. It is to be understood that we do
not lay claim to the use of gap rolls in this manner but what we do claim is the
combination of each of these several processes to produce a buffer tube or case in the
manner described.
Figures 12 and 13 illustrate clearly in cross sections and plans two finished buffer
cases produced by the hereinbefore described process. The flanges after the case has
been drawn down, bent over and machined, are cut to the desired shape and drilled for
the necessary fixing holes.
Our wrought iron or steel buffer cases produced in the manner we have described
possess great advantages in strength and lightness as compared with buffer cases at
present manufactured.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. The improved process and manufacture of railway carriage and wagon buffer
cases or cylinders substantially as herein before described with reference to
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
2. In a process for the manufacture of railway carriage and wagon buffer cases or
cylinders as claimed in the preceding claim providing the thickened cup necessary at
one blow from a bloom by a punch and die substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In the improved process for the manufacture of railway carriage and wagon buffer
cases or cylinders as claimed in Claim 1 providing the cylinder in a partially finished
state previous to flanging by taking a tubular billet and rolling it in gap rolls
substantially as herein before described.
Hoted tha
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MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.