CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT TO THE PURPOSES OF BOILING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES, AND OF THE APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE SAME
Year: 1813

page_text: KING'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT WALE KING, of Union Court, Holborn Hill, in the City of London,
Tin Plate Worker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Gracious Majesty King George the Third, in and by
His Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of March last, for Himself, His
heirs and successors, did give and grant unto me, the said William Robert
Wale King, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial licence;
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Robert Wale
King, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself.
and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or
such others as I, the said William Robert Wale King, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion
of Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, in such manner as to me,
the said William Robert Wale King, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or any of them, shall in his or their discretions seeni meet, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT TO THE
PURPOSES OF BOILING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES,
AND OF THE APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE SAME;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso for making the same void in case I, the said William
Robert Wale King, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
.next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Robert Wale King, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as
follows, that is to say:-
First, the boiler, pan, vat, or other vessel containing the liquor, fluid, or other
matter which is to be heated, I construct of iron, copper, or other metal, in
such a manner as to admit the fire to be applied on the outside part (or cir-
cumference) of the lower part (or bottom) of the said boiler or other vessel,
instead of making the fire in the centre of the bottom, as heretofore practised.
Secondly, to make this more effectual, I construct two, three, four, or more
small and separate fires, as the size of such boiler may require, instead of one
large fire. Thirdly, I cause the flame and heat arising from each of these
fires to act upon the bottom or sides of the boiler beneath surfaces which are
inclined to the horizon, and therefore have the fluids, &c. resting upon the
upper side of them in a greater depth of such fluids or other matter at those
parts where the greatest heat is applied, videlicit, at the parts immediately over
the fire upon the grates, and as the heat which is communicated by the flame
decreases from these parts as it proceeds up the inclined surfaces, so does the
depth of matter to be heated diminish in proportion, by which means I obtain
a greater effect from the fuel than if all parts were of the same depth.
Fourthly, I make all the fire which passes up beneath these different inclined
surfaces meet in one point, which is either on a level with it or but a little
below the level of the surface of the fluid, &c. in the boiler, and from this
point the smoke is conducted by one or more flues, which either pass upwards
through the boiler or descend downwards through an aperture contiguous to
the furnace, as may be most convenient. To more clearly explain my said
Invention to all to whom it may concern, I have hereunto annexed Drawings
containing views of different applications of my principle. Figure 1 of the
Drawing number 1 is a section of a boiler to raise steam either for an engine
or any other purpose; it is of that shape usually known by the name of a
waggon boiler. A, A, B, B, is a section of the boiler, which is filled with water
to the line C, C; the bottom B, B, has a rising part from D, D, up to E, E;
at the bottom of the flue or chimney E, E, F, which carries of the smoke at
cach end of the boiler, is a fire-grate G, G, on which the fuel is burned,
provided with fire doors H, H, of the usual kind, and ash pits I, I, beneath

page_text: them. K, K, are inclined surfaces, or brick or stone work, or other proper
materials, against which the flame strikes, and is thereby reflected against
the bottom to act more powerfully beneath the inclined surfaces D, E, D, E;
it is in this part that my third improvement consists, for it is evident that the
5 greatest heat will be at L, immediately over the fire, and here is the greatest
depth of water, the heat of the flame proceeding up between the surfaces D, E,
and K, being less than that of the fire, having a less depth of water to operate
upon. The boiler has the usual furniture of steam boilers, as the man-hole N,
the safety valve O, and the steam pipe P, which parts not being of my
Invention need no description. Sometimes instead of the chimney E, E, F,
rising up through the boiler, I propose to carry two flues out sideways into
seperate stacks or chimneys; this is explained in the plan, Figure 2, in which
the same letters denote the same parts in Figure 1, except the following.
R is a division of bricks made across on the top of the inclined surface K, K,
and thus separating the two fires from each other, it conducts the flame and
smoke of cach by flues S, S, round the sides of the boiler, and thence it passes
into the chimneys by the vents at T; the dotted lines S, S, S, S, in Figure 1
shew the direction of these flues, and their height. Figures 3 and 4 of the
Drawing number 1 shew a steam boiler made in a circular form on my
principle; as the same letters of reference are used in this as for the other
boiler, the same description will explain it. This has four seperate fires
instead of two, and the flames from each of which meet in one at the chimney
E, E, F, being kept seperated before they arrive at that point by the partitions
R, R, R, R. The application of my Invention to a still is shown in Figures
5 and 6 in Drawing number 2, Figure 5 being a plan, and Figure 6 a section;
in the latter of these A, A, B, B, is the still, which has four fire-grates, marked
G, G, G, G, in the same manner as the boiler last described, and the flame
act on the surfaces D, E, but as it would not here be convenient to carry the
chimney up through the still, the flue for the vent of the smoke is conducted
down through the centre at V, V, and then horizontally at W, till it reaches
the chimney; this still may be fitted up with all the usual apparatus now in
use, as the head a, the rowser b, to keep the malt contained within it in con-
stant agitation when turned by the cog wheels c and handle d, or any other
machinery may be applied, as my Invention only relates to the application of
the fire. If it is required to carry a circulating flue round the sides of a boiler
or still which is set in this manner with four fires, it may be done as shewn by
the dotted lines in Figure 5; thus in the brick work beneath the divisions
marked R, small flues, shewn by the dotted lines 7, 7, s, s, are conducted from
the central descending flue V to a circular flue t, surrounding the sides of the

page_text: boiler or still, and from this it may by proper vents pass off into one or more
chimneys situated on the outside of the brick-work at T. Another method
consists in having a partition made in the upper part of the descending flue V,
which will stop it up close; then the passages proceed from the central flue
above the partition or stop, and conduct the heat round the circular flue t, till
it reaches the passages s, s, by which it is carried back to the central flue
beneath the said partition, and thence it is carried off by the passage W to
the chimney. Figures 7 and 8 shew a close brewing copper, heated according
to my Invention; as the same letters are used in Figure 8 as in the former
Figures, its structure will be understood from what has been before said, and
I have only to observe that it may be heated with four fires, like Figure 5,
either with a circulating flue or without, or it may have two fires, as shewn in
the plan, Figure 8; the grates for these are marked G, G, and K, K, are the
inclined surfaces; as before, these lead the flames up to a flue S, S, extended
across the bottom of the copper, the two fires being kept distinct by an oblique
partition R, the ends of the flue S leading to the circulating flues X, which
after making half a turn round the copper have vent at T into the chimney or
chimmies. The remaining apparatus of the copper, Figure 7, not being of my
Invention, a brief enumeration of them is sufficient. 1 is the verticle spindle
of the rowser, turned by the wheel e and handle d; on the lower end are the
iron arms b, b, from which chains are suspended to drag round upon the bottom.
2, 2, are braces to steady the spindle 1. 3, 3, is the pan of the copper heated
by the steam thereof, which raises up the pipe 4, and descends through
pipes 5, 5, dotted, into the contents of the pan. N, N, are the man-holes, and b,
the lever to raise the rowser from the bottom of the copper. The manner
of applying my Invention to small boilers, tea urns, stills, &c., to be heated by
a lamp or lamps instead of a fire, is shewn in Figures 9 and 10 in the
Drawing number 3, Figure 9 being a plan, and Figure 10 a section, in which
the same letters of reference are used for the corresponding parts of the boiler
and chimnicy as in those already described; the application of my Invention
consists in making the flames from the wick or wicks f, f, to strike against the
lower part of the inclined botton of. the boiler D, E, and ascend up the same
to the chimney F, decreasing in effect as the depth of water or other fluid
above it decreases. The lamp or lamps used for this purpose may be of the
common construction, and do not constitute any part of my Invention; it
may be sufficient therefore to mention that g, g, is a plate in which the sockets
for the wicks are fixed, and is loose for the purpose of being taken out, and
easily and perfectly cleaned from the thickened oil, &c. h, k, is the receptacle
for the oil, its top having slits or holes to receive the wick sockets without

page_text: touching the sides of such slits or holes. i is a hole for supplying oil. k, k, is an
opening for the passage of air sideways to the flame, and U is a larger opening
from the bottom for the same purpose.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal. the Twentieth