matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, Tow, SILK WASTE, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Billington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1860.
I, EDWARD BILLINGTON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, Tow, SILK
WASTE, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to machines of that class known as Heilmann's
combing machine, and to the mechanism by which the forward, and backward
rotatory movements are given to the detaching rollers, and to that system of
mechanism for this purpose, which is actuated by a cam; and my Invention
consists in arrangements by which facilities are given for modifying the forward
and backward rotatory movements of the detaching rollers, namely, instead of
employing a notched disc and catch which necessitates an invariable amount
of movement, I substitute a disc with a toothed or roughened surface, or a
friction cone or other friction holding arrangement, or fine-pitched ratchet
wheels and clicks, by either of which arrangements I am enabled to vary the
time or place at which the movements of the cam shall become connected or
in gear with the mechanism to which it has to give motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gerrans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1860.
I, WILLIAM GERRANS, of Tregony, in the County of Cornwall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES,"
to be as follows:-
I form the arms upon which the teeth of the rake are secured in two parts,
and joint them to the framework by an universal joint, so that they may either
be used together or separately, or when not in use both parts may be turned
over and rendered portable for travelling. I employ a lever handle for raising
the teeth from the ground, the end of which handle projects from the back of
the machine. I also employ a pedal for the same purpose, to be worked by
the driver of the machine, so that when on his seat, by the action of the foot
on the pedal, it actuates certain toothed wheels in connection with the bar on
which the teeth are secured; on this bar are also placed one, two, or more
eccentrics or pieces of curved metal, corresponding with which, and in the front
of the machine, are others over which pass chains, so that as the front bar is
moved by means of the toothed wheels, put in or out of gear by the pedal, so
are the teeth raised or lowered as required.
For the purpose of adjusting the machine to the height of the horse, I use
a horizontal screw and vertical pillar on a bent arm, and by means of a horn
nut on the screw I wind or unwind the parts, so as either to elevate or depress
them, by which means also the points of the teeth are set to work at any
given distance above the ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS THROUGH THE WATER AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cortland Herbert Simpson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
May 1860.
I, CORTLAND HERBERT SIMPSON, of Bexhill, in the County of Sussex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLING VESSELS THROUGH THE WATER AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
By means of pistons or plungers working in two cylinders placed horizontally
on each side in the run of the vessel, and as near her bottom as possible.
Then free ingress & egress being given to the water at the after ends of the
cylinders, the vessel will be propelled by the alternate action of the pistons
upon the water in their passage by the agency of steam from the inner to the
outer extremes of the cylinders, these pistons being also the steam pistons,
and each piston having an inner cylinder attached to it, fitting steamtight
within the main cylinder, and also fitted to work steamtight through the cover
of the main cylinder, the steam being admitted into this inner cylinder through
the main cylinder cover, and the vacuum being formed by the ordinary
condensing apparatus. The object sought to be attained by the above
plan of having a second or inner cylinder may also in some respects be more
advantageously attained by doubling the length of the main cylinder, and
fitting it with two pistons on the same piston rod, and separated by a space
equal to the length of the stroke; in this case the steam will be admitted and

page_text: vacuum formed between the cylinder cover and the piston nearest to it, the
air being allowed to remain between the two pistons, both of which are
fitted to work steam tight & water tight in their cylinder, and the after piston
will act upon the water to propel the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
October 1860.-A communication from abroad by Francis Bernard de
Keravenan, of the City of New York, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as
follows:-
This lamp is intended to burn kerosene or coal oils, whale oil, or other
material containing an excess of carbon, without any glass shade or chimney,
and without giving off smoke. This result is attained by means of an artificial
and impelled current of air from a blower driven by clockwork, or from any
suitable device, which current of air being directed to the flame, near the base
thereof, supplies sufficient oxygen to cause a complete combustion of the
carbonaceous matter. By this method of supplying air to the lamp a glass
shade or chimney is dispensed with, and the inconveniences arising from
breaking the chimney, and from the smoking of the lamp when moved from
place to place are avoided, and a perfect combustion of heavy carbonaceous
fluids or oils is obtained in a portable lamp.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF A CERTAIN FIBRE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS NOT HITHERTO USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sugden Keighley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1860.
I, SUGDEN KEIGHLEY, of Keighley, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE EMPLOYMENT OF A CERTAIN
FIBRE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS NOT HITHERTO USED FOR THIS
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the employment of jute in combination with sheep's
wool, alpaca, or mohair, in the manufacture of moreens, grograms, skirtings,
and cotillions, and may be died previous to or after being woven.
First, in the employment of warp threads in the manufacture of moreens,
grograms, skirtings, and cotillions, which said threads are composed wholly or
partially of jute.
Also, in the employment of weft threads in the manufacture of moreens,
grograms, skirtings, & cotillions, which weft threads are composed wholly or
partially of jute.
Also, the employment of jute wholly or partially, in both the warp and the
weft of such manufactures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP SHEARS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1860.
I, EDWARD WILKINSON, of Grimesthorpe, n' Sheffield, in the County of
York, Sheep Shear Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP SHEARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the spring bow or curved portion of sheep shears,
or other shaped bow or spring thereof, and consists in adapting to such said
spring portion a screw or screws for the purpose of adjusting or regulating
readily at will the force or resilient property of such said spring, so as to
enable them to open readily when in use without offering unnecessary
resistance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Chambers Nicholson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1860.
I, EDWARD CHAMBERS NICHOLSON, of the firm of Simpson, Maule, and
Nicholson, of Kennington Road, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturing
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of arsenic acid in conjunction
with aniline, toluidine, cumidine, or mixtures of the same, for the production of
colors.
In carrying out this Invention I take a strong solution of arsenic acid, to
which I add aniline, toluidine, cumidine, or mixtures of the same; I then heat
the mixture in a still or other convenient vessel until the color is sufficiently
developed. The colored product (the contents of the still) may be then
extracted either directly by boiling the same in water or by dissolving it in a
suitable quantity of alcohol. From these solutions the coloring matter may be
prepared for use by any convenient and well-known methods.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SINGEING AND PREPARING THE SKINS OF PIGS PREVIOUS TO CURING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Reade at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1860.
I, WILLIAM READE, of Hibernia Chambers, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SINGEING AND PREPARING THE SKINS OF PIGS
PREVIOUS TO CURING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for singeing
and preparing the skins of pigs previously to their being salted or otherwise
cured or converted into bacon, hams, or other such like articles of food. For
this
purpose instead of the method generally adopted of singeing the animals
with bundles of lighted straw or other similar material, I construct an appa-
ratus by which an ignited jet or jets of gas or the vapour of spirit of any
suitable description is brought in contact with the skin of the animal. The
apparatus, which is portable, consists of three portions, but all carried in one
frame or body, the lamp to ignite the jet of vaporized spirit, the lamp to
vaporise the spirit, and the reservoir or vessel, which, being filled with the
spirit, supplies a sustained jet of vapour. The spirit vessel is supplied with a
proper safety valve to prevent undue pressure, and is fitted with one or more
pipes with jets on the outside ends which proceed from or near the top of
the vessel to convey the vapour to the lamp, where it becomes ignited, and on
being brought in contact with the animal it removes the air and burns or
scorches the skin as much as may be considered necessary by the curer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROVING FRAMES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Harper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1860.
I, JAMES HARPER, of Wilson Street, Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
5 Ireland, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROVING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the cone or regulation motion of roving frames
employed in the preparation of flax and other fibrous substances, and consists
in the substitution of a friction roller for the leather strap hitherto used for
0 transmitting the motion from one cone to the other.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR CULTIVATING THE SOIL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederik Adriaan Enklaar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1860.
I, FREDERIK ADRIAAN ENKLAAR, of Hattem, in the Kingdom of Holland,
Agriculturalist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR CULTIVATING THE SOIL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in swivelling the coulters or arms carrying the tines
or shares in boxes bolted or affixed to the frame of the implement, and in
connecting the upper ends of the coulters or arms to two hand levers, the
coulters in one row to one lever, and those in the other row or rows to the-
other lever. The boxes are so shaped on the inside, that they admit of the
coulters being raised out of the ground by means of the hand levers. when.
choked by weeds or when otherwise desirable to lift them. The coulters in
one row can be raised and freed without stopping the implement, and. without.
interfering with those in the other row or rows.
AN IMPROVED COLLAPSE DETECTOR POCKET FOR PROTECTING ARTICLES WORN ON THE PERSON
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1860.
I, THOMAS WALKER, of No. 2, Grove Cottages, Hill Street, Peckham,
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN IMPROVED
COLLAPSE DETECTOR POCKET FOR PROTECTING ARTICLES WORN ON THE PERSON,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention or improvement consists in making a pocket, and so forming
the mouth that a hand cannot be thrust into it and withdrawn without being
detected by the wearer when sewn in the dress or worn otherwise. To do that,
I make a pocket of the ordinary material, say, twill, fixing two strips of whale-
bone, steel, or other elastic substance in the mouth thereof, which I secure at
both ends, thereby causing the said mouth to collapse when not in use, and
which can be used without any trouble of fastening or unfastening. I do not
bind myself to make the protecting part of the mouth in two pieces, but
reserve the right of making it with one piece only.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOWERING AND DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS FROM THEIR TACKLES, PARTS OF SAID APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE LOWERING AND DISENGAGING OF OTHER HEAVY BODIES OR MERCHANDIZE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davidson and James
McDonald Ellercamp at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd November 1860.
We, HENRY DAVIDSON, of Spray's Buildings, Woolwich, in the County of
Kent, and JAMES MCDONALD ELLERCAMP, of Powis Street, Woolwich, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOWERING AND DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS FROM THEIR
TACKLES, PARTS OF SAID APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE LOWERING AND
DISENGAGING OF OTHER HEAVY BODIES OR MERCHANDIZE," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for lowering and disengaging ships' boats from
their tackles in a more simple, speedy, and certain manner than heretofore, and
consists first, of an improved method of slinging or suspending such said boats
from the davits of a ship; and, secondly, of improved hooks for connecting
and disengaging boats from their tackles.
We propose to effect these improvements as follows:-At each side of a
ship's boat, and at those parts where the fore and aft thwarts are situated,
metal eyes are fixed to the gunwale, two at each side of the boat, to these said
eyes we affix slings lengthwise of the boat, and connect said slings together by
a ring, said ring passing over a hook of novel construction connected with or
affixed to the lowermost block of the raising and lowering tackle from the
davits. By these means we suspend the boat from one point instead of two,
as heretofore practised.

page_text: We now proceed to describe the construction of the improved hooks above
mentioned, as follows:-One form of hook consists in dividing the bottom
part of same crosswise, and then connecting one of such parts by a pin serving
as a hinge, said pin or joint being slightly on one side of the centre line of
the hook, the upper end of the moveable portion of the said hook has a hole
formed therein, which when the book is closed fits over a spring pin or bolt
inserted in the upper fixed portion of the hook, so that supposing a boat or
other weight to be suspended by such a book, in order to disengage the weight
therefrom, the spring pin aforesaid has to be pulled back, by which the move-
able part of the book will be disengaged from the fixed part thereof, and the
gravity of the weight will cause such moveable part to fall and thus disen-
gage the weight therefrom.
Another form of construction of hook consists in connecting the aforesaid
moveable part of the hook to the fixed part thereof by a pin so placed as to
enable the moveable part of the hook to move sideways, or at right angles to
the fixed part of the hook; the upper end of the moveable part of the hook
may be secured and released by a spring pin as above stated, or by other
convenient and suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman;.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition,
on the 9th July 1860.-A communication from abroad by Jean Jan,.
called Paulet, of Canet, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS," (communicated to me from abroad by
Jean Jan, called Paulet, of Canet, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of levers carrying at bottom
shoes or skids, two of which are brought into action simultaneously on wheels
opposite one another and on the same axle, and effectually shoe or skid the
wheels. Every carriage in a train may be fitted with these breaks, or only as
many as may be found necessary. The play of the levers carrying the shoes
is limited, and a spring or springs are connected to them to take off or prevent
any shock. A break rod which may be continued from one carriage or van
through the whole train brings the skids under the wheels, and draws them free
from the wheels and the rails after the train has been moved backward to
allow of the skids being released.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1860.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of elastic fabrics relates
to a novel mode of making narrow fabrics and elastic bands.
My first improvement relates to that kind of elastic fabric which is made
with two shuttles thrown simultaneously in the same direction, and consists in
starting one of the shuttles a little in advance of the other, or throwing one
somewhat quicker than the other, so that one shuttle should finish its course
a little before the other, although for a portion of the course the two shuttles
are moving simultaneously. The object intended to be effected, and the result
produced by operating the shuttles in this manner is to produce a better sel-
vage than heretofore, when the shuttles are thrown simultaneously.
The next improvement relates to the manufacture of elastic bands or rings.
In carrying out this improvement a suitable length of india-rubber thread,
such as is usually employed in the manufacture of elastic fabrics is taken, and
the two ends are tied together in a knot. The band is then doubled so as to
produce a ring of the required dimensions. The same object may be effected
by winding a strand of india-rubber a given number of times round a reel of
suitable size, and then tying the ends together so as to form a ring or endless

page_text: band of india-rubber, which is then placed in the hollow shaft of a covering
apparatus, whereby the naked india-rubber is covered with a yarn of cotton
or other fibrous substance. A convenient way of effecting this object is to cause
one or two bobbins provided with cotton yarn, to traverse round the rubber
strands, and cover them with a helical coil, while the india-rubber is moved
round slowly by means of a pair of nipping rollers, or other suitable mecha-
nism. The entire ring having been thus covered, the two ends of the yarn
are secured by being tied in a knot.
It will be found convenient and advisable to cover the rings with a second
coil of cotton yarn, but this second yarn should be coiled in the opposite direc-
tion, and the ends secured as before, so that when the rings are stretched
they will always present a covered surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW STOCKS AND DIES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Dixon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May 1860.
I, ADAM DIXON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW
STOCKS AND DIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of, first, the method of making the bodies of the dies,'
whether stationary or moveable, used in screw stocks for cutting screws of a
circular or cylindrical form, and boring out the recesses in the stocks into
which the dies fit so as to correspond, by which means greater economy is.
effected in their manufacture by an important saving in the workmanship.
And, secondly, imparting to the moveable die or dies a repelling or drawing--
back action by means of the samo mechanism, which gives a propelling or
forward motion simply reversed in its action. In the case of screw stocks
having only one moveable die, this propelling and repelling motion is thus-
arranged; to the body of the stocks a screwed nut is held stationary, so far as
any advancing or receding motion is concerned, but allowed to revolve freely;.
this nut fits on to a screw, either solid with the moveable die itself or separate
and connected to the back of said die. In the case of screw. stocks having
two or more moveable dies, and thus requiring a simultaneous action for each
die, this propelling and repelling action may be thus arranged; on one of
the handles of the screw stocks, and close to the body of the stocks, revolves a
small toothed wheel gearing into two others, one on each side. The side

page_text: wheels also forming nuts and working the dies by a screw to each die, similar
to that already described, or this action may be modified when fixed clear of
the handles of the stocks by using only two instead of three toothed wheels;
the two wheels gearing into each other and actuating the dies by right and
left hand screws. These improvements may be used either in conjunction
with each other or separately.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Austin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1860.
I, HENRY GEORGE AUSTIN, of the Grange, Canterbury, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally of an improved method of constructing,
mounting, and feathering the floats of paddle wheels, such paddle wheels to
be employed either partially or totally immersed in the water, being, by pre-
ference, totally immersed, and placed under the counter of the vessel. The
floats are somewhat in the form of the paddle of a canoe, tapered towards the
edges, and are proposed to be constructed of sheet iron or steel, stiffened with
internal ribs. They are mounted on spindles, which extend radially from the
axis to the circumference of the wheel, and are feathered by causing them to
perform one-fourth of a revolution on such radial axis, in contradistinction to
mounting them, and causing them to revolve or partially revolve on axes
parallel to that of the paddle wheel shaft. This partial revolution, which
constitutes the feathering of the floats, may be imparted to them by means
of toothed gearing, screws, cams, levers, or any suitable and convenient.
mechanism, the principal feature in the Invention consisting in the form,.
construction, position, and direction of feathering of the said floats, without
being confined to any particular mechanism for imparting the feathering
motion thereto.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' STOVE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1860.-A communication from abroad by George Alexander
New, of New York.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane.
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' STOVE,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure the perpendicularity of heating
and cooking stoves under all circumstances on shipboard. To this end it is
proposed to make the flue the means of suspending the stove, and to have but
one point of suspension. The flue by preference branches from the stove at
opposite sides thereof, and takes a semicircular form. At its upper part the
flue is provided with a semi-spherical shell, which fits into a spherical socket
formed of two flanged cup-picces secured together, thereby constituting a kind
of ball-and-socket joint. The socket is firmly attached to the deck beams or
other fixed part of the vessel, and forms a continuation of the flue. From
the upper or inverted cup of the socket a cylindrical flange projects to receive
the smoke pipe, which leads off the gases of combustion from the stove. By
means of this arrangement the point of suspension is placed considerably above
the centre of gravity of the stove, and thus the liability of the stove to take
the movement of a rolling or pitching vessel is effectually removed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CONSTRUCTING BALLS FOR CRICKET AND OTHER GAMES, WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE TO SPHERICAL VALVES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roger Vivian at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1860.
I, ROGER VIVIAN, of Tucking Mill, in the County of Cornwall, Engineer
and Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CONSTRUCTING BALLS FOR CRICKET AND OTHER GAMES, WHICH INVENTION
IS APPLICABLE TO SPHERICAL VALVES," to be as follows:-
I construct balls for cricket and other games, which shall not be liable to
deterioration from exposure to wet weather, and may be made cheaper than
the ordinary balls are, and be rendered more or less elastic according to the
degree of elasticity which may be deemed desirable, and also more or less
heavy, as required. To this end I form a sphere of wood, glass, or other
suitable substance of the like hardness, and power of maintaining its integrity
at the great degree of heat which it will be required to apply. Having this
sphere (if of wood, I proceed to desiccate it (unless the sphere be formed of
wood first desiccated) and render it dry, free from moisture and gases, (and if
the sphere was first formed, and then desiccated, I again "turn it," so as to
ensure its having the proper form), which being done), I coat or cover the
sphere with india-rubber or gutta percha, gutta percha compounds, or vul-
canized india-rubber or its compounds in the hot state, and when dry or cold,

page_text: the ball is ready for use. For spherical valves I should prefer to have the
inner sphere of brass. It may be desirable to make a groove or grooves in the
inner sphere and bind string or wire around it; and this inner sphere may, if
required, be varnished previous to receiving its outer coating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BINDING AND FOLDING GUIDES EMPLOYED IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Francis Bradbury and
Joseph Jackson King at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th September 1860.
We, GEORGE FRANCIS BRADBURY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and JOSEPH JACKSON KING, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN BINDING AND FOLDING GUIDES EMPLOYED IN
SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the "guide" employed in sewing machines for
folding the binding material into the form which it is required to assume at
the edges of fabrics whereupon it is sewn as binding, or by which it may be
also suitably doubled or folded if it is required to be sewn upon their surface.
The Invention is particularly applicable to bindings of cut cloth or strips
baving no selvedges, as by the improved guide the raw edges of the binding
are doubled or turned inwards, as here shewn (
-) before being
stitched or sewn on to the fabric.
Fabric
The improvement consists in so constructing or forming "the guide" that
upon the "binding" entering the guide it shall assume the form of about two-
thirds of a circle, or any other similar or slightly varied form which may be
deemed more suitable. This is to be effected by means of a double interior
and exterior tube confining the "binding" to such shape, and near the delivery
end of the "guide" is placed an inclined plane or conically-formed "rise" or

page_text: projection against which the middle part of the binding presses, and is thereby
bent or folded into this form in which shape it emerges from the end of
the tube, and is drawn out at about a right angle through a curved end of the
guide, which has the effect of reversing the position of the selvedges of the
"binding," turning them from the outside to the inside in this form.
The fabric to be bound also passes between the curved end of the guide, which
places the braid, tape, or "binding" in the proper position upon the edge of
the fabric to be secured or sewn thereupon by the needle, which acts upon
the fabric immediately after it issues from the binding guide.
Im- PROVED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO PIANOFORTES AND OTHER SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Birkitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1860.
I, JAMES BIBKITT, of Pemberton Village, near Wigan, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO PIANOFORTES AND
OTHER SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of bells or plates for the produc-
tion of musical sounds. I propose mounting the bells or suspending the plates
on suitable frames, and placing keys (similar to pianoforte keys) in front
thereof; these communicate with hammers in order that various tunes may
be played upon such instruments and chords struck thereon, which cannot be
done in the manner by which bells or harmonicons are at present played, not
more than two notes having been before struck at one time.
I also propose arranging such instruments in the interior of pianofortes, the
keys and hammers of which may be made available, or additional hammers
may be used. By this arrangement the piano may be played alone or with
the bells, or with the harmonicon, or all three at one time, or any one of them
by themselves, by means of shifting pedals acted on momentarily by the foot.
The bells and harmonican can also be shifted or slid along and adjusted by a
transposing scale, so that the piano may be played in one key while the bells
and harmonicon are being played in another.
AN IMPROVED SOFT WATERPROOF CLOTH HAT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Thomas Aldridge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1860.
I, FREDERICK THOMAS ALDRIDGE, of 87, Great Dover Street, Southwark,
do hereby declare the nature of the said, Invention for "AN IMPROVED SOFT
WATERPROOF CLOTH HAT," to be as follows:-
My Invention of manufacturing soft waterproof cloth hats consists of
making the body of swans' down together with a solution of india-rubber, and
then covering the body with superfine cloth, steamed, without a seam, thereby
rendering the hat perfectly waterproof and soft. This hat may be lined with
silk and leather, and silk binding and band may be used as in the ordinary
manufacture of hats.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR SOLUTION FOR TONING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1860. A communication from abroad by Joseph Chase Ruther-
ford and Benjamin Hinman Steele, of Derbyline, in the County of
Orleans and State of Vermont, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,.
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR SOLUTION FOR TONING
PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," to be as follows:-
The improved preparation or solution for toning photographic pictures
which forms the subject of the present Invention is composed of corrosive-
sublimate, tartaric acid, sal soda, hydrochloric acid, and aqua distillata. This
solution after well mixing is left standing for forty-eight hours, and after
filtering is ready for use. The picture when taken from the printing board is.
passed through the toning bath, then immediately immersed in a clean water
bath to give it a thorough rinsing. As a rule this will be sufficient to tone a
picture, but when it is printed down very dark it may be necessary to go
through the same manipulation the second time. Care should be taken to
have the print well washed before it is put into the fixing bath.
The advantages of the above toning solution are 1st., that it greatly cheapens

page_text: the process of toning pictures; 2nd., that the toning of a print with this
solution is an instantaneous process, thereby saving a great amount of valuable
time; 3rd., that it gives a sharpness and distinctness to the picture; 4th., that
it can be worked in a clear light without injury to the toning solution or the
print; and 5th., that the colors are permanent.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER BLINDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Holland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1860.
I, ALFRED HOLLAND, of Queen Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER BLINDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the attachment of holland and
other like blinds to their rollers, and to allow of their ready detachment
therefrom.
Hitherto blinds have either been secured to their rollers by the aid of tacks,
which rust and are very apt to tear the fabric, or by means of sewing, which
is a tedious operation.
To secure the blind to its roller I propose to use steel or other metal clips,
made from thin sheet metal cut to any suitable shape, and coiled to embrace
the roller. The blind is first wound once or more times round the roller, and
the clips are then opened out and sprung on to the roller so as to embrace it
at suitable distances apart, the pressure of the clips will then serve to retain
the blind securely in position. When the blind thus attached is required to
be removed for the purpose of washing the same, it is only necessary to open
the clips and slip them off the roller, and the detachment of the blind from the
roller will be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FENCES FOR RAILWAY PLATFORMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chatterton Rush at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd October 1860.
I, HENRY CHATTERTON RUSH, of Spencer Road, Putney, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FENCES FOR RAILWAY PLATFORMS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to give security to passengers while
waiting on the platform of railway stations. To this end I provide at the edge
of the platform a moveable fence, which, when in place, will guard persons.
from slipping down on to the roadway, and when a train has arrived will dis-
appear and allow free access to the carriages that have come alongside.
In carrying out my Invention, I form the fence in lengths and support the-
top bar thereof by jointing it to rising and falling arms that work on fulcrum
pins projecting horizontally from the front of the platform. At given distances
apart I attach posts, to which the top bar of the fence is secured when raised.
to its elevated position by catches or staples. This fence I so arrange, that,
when let down, it will sink below the level of the platform, and thus offer no-
obstruction to persons entering or leaving the train alongside the platform..
The fence may be raised and depressed by means of a hand lever or equivalent
mechanism. In lieu of jointing the several parts of the fence together so that
it may lie prone in a recess in the face of the platform, the fence may consist of
a rigid framework, and its instant removal may be effected by causing it to

page_text: slide in vertical guides secured to the face of the platform. If this fence be
attached to counterbalance levers, or weighted cords or chains, it will have a
tendency to retain an elevated position, but it will admit of instant depression
by hand levers or their equivalent. The rising and falling fence may be also
employed for the fencing in (on the arrival of a train) of a portion of the plat-
form intended to receive the luggage from the luggage vans.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TIDAL LADDERS, AND IN STEPS FOR. EMBARKING AND LANDING PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Watson Savage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1860.
I, ROBERT WATSON SAVAGE, of 15, Saint James' Square, Westminster, in.
the County of Middlesex, Iron Bedstead Maker, do hereby declare the nature.
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIDAL LADDERS, AND IN STEPS FOR.
EMBARKING AND LANDING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so forming a ladder or steps that the step pieces:
shall be secured upon pivots or upon a moving bar or bars beneath the same,.
such pivots, or the ends of such bar or bars, moving to and fro in suitable-
bearings in the side framing to which the step pieces are secured, from which
side pieces proceed levers, which are secured to the ends of the pivots, or the
bars beneath the step pieces, such levers being secured at top to another side
framing by the like moving joints, and above this the upright rails and hand.
rails of the ladders or steps are placed, the effect of which arrangements will
be, that as the ladder is drawn out straight to form a level gangway, the step
pieces will be all level, forming the flooring of the same; and when, by. the-
falling of the tide or otherwise, the outer end sinks down, the step pieces will.
then take positions proper to the steps of a ladder or stairs, by turning on their-
pivots or centres aforesaid; and it is evident that modifications of the above--
described arrangements may be used to effect this object.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN PUNCHING THE LEAVES OF CHEQUE AND OTHER BOOKS AND OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Newell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
June 1860. Partly a communication from abroad by Antoine Lapointe,
of 21, Rue de l'Echiquier, France.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK NEWELL, of Cloak Lane, Cheapside, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN
PUNCHING THE LEAVES OF CHEQUE AND OTHER BOOKS AND OTHER PAPERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in punching the leaves of
cheque and other books and other papers. For these purposes a row of small
punches is applied to a suitable sliding bar or frame, as heretofore, when
making punching machines, and there is a fixed matrix or bed die, having as
many holes therein as there are punches. The punches, and also the holes in
the bed die or matrix are accurately set or guaged to each other, as is well
understood. On the under side of the sliding frame or bar which carries the
punches is fixed a bar having as many holes through it as there are punches,
and another similar bar through holes in which the punches pass, and such bar
is capable of independent action, and is arranged when the machine is worked
to be moved down and to press the several sheets of paper tightly down on to
the bed die, so that the several thicknesses of paper are tightly pressed together
before the punches commence to cut through them, in place of the several
thicknesses of paper being loosely one on the other when the punches act.

page_text: The machinery is so arranged that the simple raising and lowering a lever or
handle causes the punches and presser bar to rise and descend, the presser bar
preceding the punches in their action. It is preferred that the lever or handle
should give motion to an axis, on which there are toothed sectors or pinions,
which take into toothed racks on the bar or frame, which carries the punches,
and that the presser bar should be suspended to such bar or frame by links,
so as to be raised therewith, and that in the descent of the various parts the
presser bar should be pressed down by springs in advance of the punches, but
this may be varied by causing the presser. bar to be acted on and caused to
press by other mechanism.
MANUFACTURING GRANULATED SEIDLITZ POWDER
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bush, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey,
Chemist, for the Invention of "MANUFACTURING GRANULATED SEIDLITZ
POWDER."
Sealed the 20th April 1860, and dated the 1st March 1860.
3
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Bush at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 1st March, 1860, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852...
TO ALL WHOM TO THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BUSH, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Chemist, send greeting..
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "MANUFACTURING
GRANULATED SEIDLITZ POWDER," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
ine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemu declaration that I am the true and
first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bush, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully describes
andascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, in and by the following statement thereof (that is to
say) -
My Invention consists in dehydrating the carbonated alkalies of potash and

page_text: soda, and mixing them with a correct chemical proportion of acid; also
dehydrated sulphate of soda may be added or omitted in the manufacture.
Eighteen per cent., or thereabouts, of sulphate of soda is the most suitable
proportion. The addition of the sulphate of soda communicates to the pre-
paration, when dissolved in water, more of the character of the seidlitz spring
in Germany. The whole is then subjected to heat till a state of partial fusion
is produced, and is then passed through a perforated apparatus for the purpose
of granulation. The granules dissolved in water evolve carbonic acid gas,
creating an effervescence, and producing the double salt of potash and soda
after decomposition.
In the course of the manufacture before described, parts of the flavor and
natural moisture of the salts are destroyed, and thus the compound is rendered
more palatable, and less liable to the action of the atmosphere or the influence
of climate than it would otherwise be. When the granulated seidlitz powder
is dissolved in water, it can be used as a medicine or a cooling drink, according
to the quantity of the granules employed.
In the course of manufacture, as before described, the medicinal properties
of the ingredients are not diminished, nor are their effervescing properties
impaired.
I do not claim as my Invention the process of granulation, but only the
application of granulation to the drugs before mentioned in the mode before
pointed out.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bush, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
WILLIAM BUSH (L.S.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE APPARATUSES AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES WITHOUT WORKING IN DARK Rooms
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Pallu at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1860.
I, CLAUDE PALLU, of Nogent-sur-Marne, near Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPARATUSES AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
WITHOUT WORKING IN DARK Rooms," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new and simplified apparatus allowing the artist
to work in the open air in lieu of confining himself in a dark room. My
apparatus can be made very small and portable, so that the person using it
may dispense with those bulky and heavy implements which require several
persons to carry them about. The process of working is also greatly simplified,
because all the minute precautions required with the apparatuses used to this
day become useless. The camera obscura which I make use of is composed
of two boxes exactly adjusted in one another, so that the smaller one can slide
in the larger, the latter carrying the object glass, and the first one the ocular,
so that when the prepared plate is placed vertically in the sliding box it can
be easily brought to the very point or focus of the object glass. The plate
intended to receive the picture, whether glass, metal, or paper, is prepared as
usual with the chimical agents used by photographers, but the last preparation
for producing the action of the light is made in a closed gutta percha box or
vessel impervious to light, of a size corresponding to the one of the camera

page_text: obscura; diluted nitrate of silver is placed in that vessel, which is closed on
the top by a narrow sliding board; the plate is placed in a small case closed
at its lower part by a little sliding plate, carrying the plate prepared for dipping
in the solution contained in the gutta percha vessel, over which the case is
placed, instead of its sliding lid, which is removed; then the lower slide being
drawn out, the prepared plate drops down in the solution, where it is left as
long as required, and raised up back in the case by means of a thin hooked
silver wire running through a small hole. When up, the lower slide is pushed
back to hold it and hide the light, the upper case is then taken out and carried
over the camera obscura, where a similar disposition of sliding lids permits also
exclusion of light; now the lower slide of the plate case being drawn out, the
photographic plate drops down into the camera obscura, falling into its right
place, when, by uncovering the object glass for a few seconds, a positive
picture is produced with great correctness, even to the most minute size.