IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Burrows, of Leicester, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Burrows at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1860.
I, BENJAMIN BURROWS, of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS," to be
as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving narrow
fabrics. In the manufacture of narrow fabrics looms have before been con-
structed and arranged in such manner as to employ two shuttles for each
fabric, which are both moved across simultaneously, in some cases in opposite
directions, and in other cases both shuttles are moved across in the same
direction; and other looms have been arranged for weaving two tiers or rows
of narrow fabrics one above the other where only one shuttle is used to each
fabric. Now, part of my present Invention. consists in constructing looms
suitable for weaving narrow fabrics in such manner that two or more tiers or
rows of narrow fabrics may be made at the same time, and also in such
manner that two or more shuttles may be used to each fabric, the two or more

page_text: shuttles being simultaneously moved. And I prefer, when using two shuttles
for each fabric, that they should be moved in opposite directions, in order
thereby to obtain better selvages, though the two shuttles used to each fabric
may be moved simultaneously in the same direction. And I prefer that the
shuttles should be moved to and fro by means of racks and pinions, or by what
is called the peg motion. In constructing such looms I prefer that the reeds,
and consequently the shuttles and the shuttle motions should be arranged in
such manner that the upper row or tier of narrow fabrics shall come opposite
or above the spaces between the fabrics of the lower row or tier. In order
that each fabric may be more readily seen by the weaver, although this is not
essential, as the upper narrow fabrics may, if desired, be made directly over
the lower narrow fabrics. It will, therefore, be understood, that it is not
new separately to construct looms for making two or more rows of narrow
fabrics one above the other, neither is it new separately when constructing
looms to make a single row of narrow fabrics to use two shuttles simulta-
neously to each fabric. The peculiarity of this Invention consists in combining.
the simultaneous use of two or more shuttles to cach narrow fabric when the
looms are arranged to make two or more rows of narrow fabrics one above.
the other.
Another part of my Invention consists in constructing looms for weaving
narrow fabrics in such manner that three or more shuttles may be used in the
making of each fabric, the whole of the shuttles for each fabric being simulta-
neously moved through three or more sheds simultaneously opened in the
warps of which a narrow fabric is formed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Burrows in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
BURROWS, of Leicester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Benjamin Burrows, Her special licence that I, the said Benjamin
Burrows, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I;
the said Benjamin Burrows, my executors, adininistrators, and assigns, should

page_text: '
at any time agree with, and no others from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make
.use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Benjamin Burrows, my executors, or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Burrows, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving narrow
fabrics. In the manufacture of narrow fabrics, looms have before been con-
structed and arranged in such manner as to employ two shuttles for each
fabric, which are both moved across simultaneously, in some cases in opposite
directions, and in other cases both shuttles are moved across in the same
direction, and other looms have been arranged for weaving two tiers or rows
of narrow fabrics one above the other where only one shuttle is used to each
fabric. Now part of my present Invention consists in constructing looms
suitable for weaving narrow fabrics in such manner, that two or more tiers or
rows of narrow fabrics may be made at the same time and also in such man-
ner that two or more shuttles may be used to each fabric the two or more
shuttles being simultaneously moved. And I prefer when using two shuttles
for each fabric that they should be moved in opposite directions in order
thereby to obtain better selvages though the two shuttles used to cach fabric
may be moved simultaneously in the same direction. And I prefer that the
shuttles should be moved to and fro by means of racks and pinions or by what
is called the peg motion. In constructing such looms I prefer that the reeds
and consequently the shuttles and the shuttle motions should be arranged in
such manner that the upper row or tier of narrow fabrics shall come opposite
or above the spaces between the fabrics of the lower row or tier, in order that
each fabric may be more readily seen by the weaver; although this is not
essential as the upper narrow fabrics may, if desired, be made directly over
the lower narrow fabrics. It will therefore be understood that it is not new
separately to construct looms for making two or more rows of narrow fabrics

page_text: one above the other, neither is it, new separately when constructing looms to
make a single row of narrow fabrics to use two shuttles simultaneously to each
fabric. The peculiarity of this Invention consists in combining the simul-
taneous use of two or more shuttles to each narrow fabric when the
looms are arranged to make two or more rows of narrow fabrics one above
the other.
1
Another part of my Invention consists in constructing looms for weaving nar-
row fabrics in such manner that three or more shuttles may be used in the
making of each fabric the whole of the shuttles for each fabric being, simul-
taneously moved through three or more sheds simultaneously opened in the
warps of which a narrow fabric is formed.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a front view, and Figure 2, a transverse section of a batten
constructed and arranged according to part of my. Invention, wherein two
rows of narrow fabrics may at the same time be woven, each fabric being
simultaneously shot with two wefts from two shuttles, such wefts being laid
one over and the other under a standing warp. In the arrangement shown in the
Drawing the shuttles are moved by means of racks and pinions, which is the
method I prefer, but in place thereof the shuttles may if desired be arranged
to be actuated by what is known as the peg motion but the same is not I
think so convenient as that shown in the Drawing, I would however remark
that I make no claim to the rack and pinion motion nor to the peg motion,
when separately considered; In giving motion to the several pairs of shuttles
three racks A, B, and C, are used. The rack A gives motion to the lower row
of shuttles from end to end of the batten and the rack A as well as the other
two racks receive a to-and-fro motion in the ordinary manner. The rack B
is by preference a double rack and suitable for giving motion to two rows of
shuttles from end to end of the batten but if preferred two racks may be used
in place thereof. The rack C gives motion to the upper row of shuttles. In
the arrangement shown at Figure 1, the two shuttles of each pair of shuttles
used in producing the several fabrics are moved simultaneously in opposite
directions one above and the other below the standing warp D, of india-rubber
or other material, but it will be evident to a mechanic that the two shuttles
in each case may be moved simultaneously in the same direction; E, E, are the
lower rows of shuttles, which pass through the sheds opened in the warps
below the standing warps D; F, F, are the upper rows of shuttles which pass

page_text: through the sheds opened in the warps above the standing warps D. The
fabric in each case is made at the point a, a, and the red lines indicate the
directions in which the several shuttles have been last moved; G, H, in Figure
2, show the upper and under warps for producing the surfaces of the fabrics;
these warps may be of like material or of different materials, and of like or
different colors according as it is desired to make the two surfaces of a fabric
alike or different, and such warps are actuated in like manner to that here-
tofore practised when making similar fabrics, or they may be actuated in any
convenient manner. It is preferred when thus weaving two rows of fabrics
one above the other, that the upper ones should be produced between the
spaces intervening two fabrics of the lower row, as by such means all the
fabrics can be more readily seen by the weaver than if the upper fabrics were
directly over the lower fabrics. If desired more than two rows of fabrics each
wefted simultaneously by two shuttles may be woven by constructing a batten
for more than two rows. I would remark that it is not new to construct looins
for weaving two or more rows of narrow fabrics one row above the other,
whether the fabrics of such rows be one over the other or interspaced rows
of narrow fabrics having been before woven in a loom, but each fabric has
heretofore been made with a single shuttle, or if two shuttles have been used
for each fabric they have only been used one at a time. Figure 3 shows part
of a front view of a batten, and Figure 4 is a transverse section thereof
arranged according to another part of my Invention, in order that three
shuttles may be simultaneously moved through three sheds opened in the warps
used in the production of each narrow fabric. In this construction the central
warp whether of india-rubber or of other material, is to have movement
applied thereto, so that the central shuttle may be caused to pass over and
under it or in sheds opened in it, at the same time that the other two shuttles
are passing through two other sheds opened, one above and the other below
such central warp. The shuttles I, I, of the lower row are actuated by
the rack J, and pinions K, the rack J receiving a to-and-fro motion in the
ordinary manner; the shuttles L, L, of the upper row are actuated by means
of the rack M and pinions N, the rack M receiving a to-and-fro motion in
the ordinary manner.. The shuttles of the central row receive motion by
means of the pinions O actuated by the rack P which also receives a suitable
to-and-fro motion.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to
any of the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details
as herein described, but what I claim, is,-

page_text: First, the combining the mechanism of looms for weaving narrow fabrics
in such manner that two or more rows of narrow fabrics may be woven at the
same time, each being simultaneously shot with weft from two shuttles moved
simultaneously in the same direction or in opposite directions through two
sheds as above described.
Secondly, I claim the combining the mechanism of the batten of a narrow
fabric loom in such manner that each fabric may simultaneously be shot. with
wefts from three or more shuttles passing at the same time through three or
more sheds.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Burrows, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
BENJAMIN BURROWS. (L.S.)