A NEW MUSICAL APPARATUS, PRINTING ON PAPER THE MUSIC WHILE BEING EXECUTED ON PIANOS, ORGANS, OR OTHER KEY INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Joseph Endres at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
December 1864.
I, FRANÇOIS JOSEPH ENDRES, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Compositor of Music, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MUSICAL APPARATUS, PRINTING ON
PAPER THE MUSIC WHILE BEING EXECUTED ON PIANOS, ORGANS, OR OTHER KEY
INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an apparatus, easily fitted to every instrument
with keyboard, to print music while being played. The appartus prints in
known and ordinary characters notes of every value, that is to say, the
sembreves, the minims, the crotchets, the quavers, the semi-quavers, and so
on, also the dotted notes, those with double dots, etcetera, the whole according
to the length of time that the finger is left on the key. It also prints the
pauses of every length if the apparatus is in motion while there is no playing,
it prints pauses only, whereas if the finger is held on a key during several bars
it prints for each bar a semibreve or a dotted minim for three time measure,
and so on. The apparatus prints the "ritardantos," the "a tempos," the fortes
and the pianos, the pedals and the signs which indicate the movement when it
ceases to work. At the same time it prints the lines and the bars for each
movement, two, three, four, or other time. It prints all the sharps, and all
the flats, for example, in pulling out a register, the five black keys print in the
following order-re flat, mi flat, sol flat, la flat, and si flat, and in pushing
back the same register, the five black keys print on other degrees, and produce

page_text: do sharp, re sharp, fa sharp, sol sharp, and la sharp. In this way all the
major and minor tones or keys may be played, and in playing, for example, a
piece of printed music an exact copy is obtained.. I use typographical ink,
but by using a chemical ink the copy may be transferred to a stone and
thousands of copies be thrown off. Two colors may be used for the lines, blue
and red, and black for the notes. The apparatus itself is set in motion by any
sort of motor, working and stopping at pleasure. The apparatus transposes
from one key or tone into all the others. The movement of the metromone
is regulated in the usual manner. The different times are regulated by a
register. The changes of time as from sharps to flats are made without inter-
upting the play.
Explanation of the movement.-The movement of each key is composed of
a moveable slide or groove mounted on two bearings, and in which travels a
slide bar with raised point or pin from one end to the other by means of a rod
by which it is attached to a rack moving also in a slide. Stamps representing
every note, and moveable in grooves or slides, and so suspended that the slide
bar with pin finds itself at the beginning of its slide beneath the stamp
representing the least value. On striking any key a toothed wheel set in
constant motion by the motor gears into the rack, causes it to advance, and
consequently also the rod with the pin slide bar. The wheel making one
revolution causes the point or pin to pass beneath all the stamps of progressive
value to the end of its slide or groove to the stamp of highest value. The
paper passes between two rollers which continually print the lines with a speed
equal and parallel to the point or pin, it then unrolls above the stamps to come
out at the opposite side by means of two. other rollers. On striking the key
the point or pin begins to travel whatever the distance it has traversed; on
releasing the key a hook or catch places the two pieces serving as bearings to
the slide of the slide bar in a vertical position, and elevates the slide, the point
or pin, and the stamp in contact or corresponding with it. The stamp prints
the note, after which the whole unhooks, re-descends, and the rack comes back
by a spring to its primitive position carrying with it the slide bar to again
commence working.. By leaving the finger, for example, during four beats on
the key, the point or pin starts beneath the stamps with the paper above the
stamps, and finishes its journey at the semibreve, that is to say,
the highest
value. On leaving the finger on the key, during two beats only, the point or
pin will travel but half the distance, prints only a minim or half value, and
comes back to its place, the paper which continually unrolls has now advanced
two beats, and the second note, no matter of what value, can only place itself
two beats later, and so on. The movement is the same for each key. Then

page_text: two similar movements for the pauses in the same order as the notes. The
first for the base keys, the second for the treble keys. Their wheels enter con-
tinually by a spring in the rack, and constantly print the pauses in the same
manner as the notes are printed, but each key is surmounted by a hook or catch.
suspended on a bar which is in communication with the wheels of the frames.
On lowering a key to cause; the notes to work the catch above also lowers the
bar, and in throwing the wheel out of gear causes the pause movement .to cease
just as on ceasing the playing the bar rises again and causes the pause move-
ment to work. From left to right between the stamps and the paper unrolls,
a silken or other stuff receiving the typographical ink from two rollers. On
lifting a stamp it approaches the stuff, coats the paper with ink, and prints the
characters through the stuff. This stuff may also unroll in the cover of the
apparatus above the paper provided the black transfers to the paper being
pressed by the stamp against the stuff. The stamp box forms three compart-
ments, that in the centre is the principal and contains the notes; before each
range of notes there is a range of sharps sliding in grooves right and left in
the compartments. By means of a register the sharps which are before
the notes slide in the compartment on the right and draw with them the flats
which were then in the left compartment, and these latter come back, and
take the place of the sharps before each note; on pushing back the register
the contrary effect is produced. For the other impressions such as "retar-
danto," and "a tempo," forte and piano, pedal and (star), ties and others,
there are double movements which work by pulling and releasing, using any
pedal set in motion by the foot without rack or wheels, because the point or
pin always remains beneath the same stamp which prints at one blow the
entire word. Each rack as a screw at the two extremities, and in advancing
to the end it forces a small oblique connecting rod into a vertical position by
which manoeuver it lowers a lever placed on the wheel, and causes it to leave
the rack, which done, the rack returns to its original position, where the second
screw on the opposite side also replaces the connecting rod in its original
oblique position, which permits the lever and the wheel to rise again and
immediately re-enter the rack, which again advances with a continual come-
and-go. By means of this movement the finger may be held on the key
during several bars, at each bar the note of highest value is printed
because at the end of its journey the point or pin having a hinge rises on a
wedge, lifts the stamp in connection with it, and comes back to its place. For
the bars in four-time, the movement is the same by pulling the register for a
three-time measure; a wedge block descends to arrest the journey of the
point or pin which is already at the three-quarters. A second brake descends

page_text: for the two-time measure, and so on. Inside the cover of the apparatus is a
board covered with leather to receive the counter strokes of the stamps. The
apparatus itself is about a foot high and a foot deep. The breadth is regulated
according to the number of keys on the finger board. It is moveable in
order that it may be transposed from one tone to another and may be made of
any desired size either in metal or wood. It may be placed beneath the key-
board or above the piano in shape of a box, and by its easy manner of working
it is scarely felt by the fingers of the player.