IMPROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT-IRON WINDOW-FRAMES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Edwards, of the Firm of Edwards and Co.,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WROUGHT-IRON WINDOW-FRAMES." A communication from abroad by Carl
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by the said Edmund Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1881.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT IRON WINDOW FRAMES." [A communi-
cation from abroad by Carl Andreas Schütz, of Stralsund, in the Empire of
Germany.]
This Invention relates to window frames constructed of wrought iron bars rolled
to such sectional shape that they can very simply and readily be put together and
fixed in their places. It may be applied to window frames of different shapes and
sizes, but I will assume in the first place that it is to be applied to a rectangular
window frame divided into four by a vertical central bar and a transverse bar
near the upper end of the frame, each of the four windows fitted into the frame
being hinged so that it can be opened and closed separately.
The windows consist essentially of hollow square wrought iron frames forming
the wings or hinged parts and hollow square cross-pieces.
The outer frame of the window is formed of simple angle iron, L shaped in
section.
The transverse bar above described is a hollow square in cross section, and is
composed either of L. shaped angle iron, or of shaped iron and L shaped angle
iron combined, the two being rivetted or otherwise attached together. The frames
of the wings or hinged windows are also hollow square in cross section, the desired
shape being obtained either by flat wrought iron bars fitted and rivetted together,
or by means of ☐ shaped and L shaped angle irons combined, or a
shaped bar

page_text: and a flat bar rivetted together. Where the last described form is used the
☐ shaped bar is provided with flanges along its open side, by means of which the
flat bar is rivetted to it.
In the corners of the frames, made as described, the flat bar forming the hori-
zontal edge of the frame covers, and is rivetted to the flat bar forming the vertical
edge, and the frame is thus made very strong and durable.
The glass frames are fitted and fixed in the usual way into recesses formed by
the bars which form the hollow frames, as described. The outer ends of the flat
bars which form the horizontal edges of the frame, as described, are prolonged and
rolled or bent so as to form the hinges for the windows which fit upon corresponding
hinges or pins fixed to the outer frame of the window.
In order to fasten the lower or upper pairs of windows respectively, constructed
as described, when closed, one or other of the frames is made so that the edge of
the vertical flat bar which forms the front of its outer side overlaps when closed
the outer side of the corresponding window of the pair.
The said vertical flat bar is fixed by screws instead of rivets, and inside it are
fitted two sliding bolts, the upper end of one of which projects into a catch fixed
to the upper side of the window frame, whilst the lower end of the other one
projects into a catch fixed to the lower side of the window frame. The other ends
of the bolts have teeth formed upon them which gear into a corresponding pinion
fitted into the hinged frame, and provided with a projecting handle by which it
can be turned round and the bolts projected and withdrawn, as desired.
Between the outer and inner parts of the frame is inserted, before they are
fastened together, a layer of wood, wool, felt, or other bad conductor of heat, by
which the temperature of the air outside the window is to a great extent prevented
from affecting the temperature inside the window.
The method of construction described may be modified to suit different circum-
stances, and may be applied to windows with or without cross bars, and having one
or more wings or hinged parts, and to sash windows.
By this Invention great rigidity of construction is obtained with small
consumption of material, and with simplicity in the construction of the hinges,
and in the method of fastening the windows.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edmund Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th November 1881.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT-IRON WINDOW-FRAMES." A communi-
cation from abroad by Carl Andreas Schütz, of Stralsund, in the Empire of
Germany.
This Invention relates to window frames constructed of wrought iron bars rolled
to such sectional shape that they can be very simply and readily put together and
fixed in their places. It may be applied to window frames of different shapes and
sizes, but I will first suppose it to be applied to a rectangular window frame
divided into four by a vertical central bar and a transverse bar near the upper
end of the frame, each of the four windows fitted into the frame being hinged so
that they can be opened and closed separately.
The accompanying Drawing is an illustration of the Invention. Figure 1 shows
part of the window from the inside; Figures 2 and 3, transverse vertical sections on
a larger scale, whilst the remaining Figures shew the details of construction and
arrangement of the several parts.
The window, as shewn in Figure 1, consists of the external window frame b, the
cross piece c, and the four frames of the wings d.
The window frame b, Figure 1, is made of bar iron of simple L shape in cross
section. The cross piece c, which is hollow square in cross section, may be composed
either of shaped iron, as shewn in Figure 14, or of ☐ shaped iron and L shaped
iron combined, as shewn in Figure 15. The shape of the frames of the wings
is also hollow square in cross section, and is obtained either by means of flat iron,
as shewn in Figures 2, 4, 5, and 7, or of L shaped iron and ☐ shaped iron
combined, as shewn in Figures. 12 and 13, or of ☐ shaped iron and flat iron
combined, as shewn in Figures 9 and 10.
In the last mentioned method of construction the ☐ shaped iron is provided
with flanges g, Figures 9 and 10, by means of which it is rivetted to the flat iron h.
In the corners of the wings, as shewn in Figure 4, the horizontal flat iron bar
covers the vertical one, and by this means the corners are joined together in a
very firm and durable manner.
The projectng inner ends of the flat iron bars h, as shewn in Figures 4 and 5,
are rolled in such manner that they form the sockets of hinges e upon which the
wings of the window, turn.
In order to lock or fasten the lower or upper pairs of windows respectively when
closed, one or other of the pair is made so that the edge of the vertical flat bar
which forms the front of its outer side overlaps when closed the outer side of the
corresponding window of the pair, and vertical sliding bolts are used, as shewn
in Figure 8, in which f, fare the bolts terminating in toothed racks gearing into
and actuated by the toothed pinion i., The vertical flat iron bar which covers the
sliding bolts f, and which is shewn at h¹ in Figures 4 and 5, is not attached to the
wing or frame by rivets but by screws kc, kc, so that the bolts and pinion can be
readily fitted in their places or removed. The toothed pinions are turned, as
desired, by means of handles i, ¹, shewn in Figure 1.
The glass panes are fitted and fixed in the usual way into recesses formed by the
bars which constitute the hollow frames, as shewn in the Drawings.
Between the outer and inner parts of the frame is inserted before they are
fastened together a layer of wood, wool, felt, or other bad. conductor of heat, as

page_text: •
shewn at a in Figures 3, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15, by which the temperature of the
air outside the window is to a great extent prevented from affecting the
temperature inside the window, and cold air is prevented from entering the room.
The method of construction described and shewn may be modified to suit
different circumstances, and may be applied to windows with or without crossbars,
and having one or more wings or hinged parts, and to sash windows.
By this Invention great rigidity of construction is obtained with small
consumption of material and with simplicity in the construction of the hinges, and
in the method of fastening the windows.
Having now described the Invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed, I claim,-
First. The methods of constructing the frames and crosspieces of the windows
of iron of hollow square cross section, substantially as described and shewn in the
Drawing.
Second. The method of making the hinges from the projecting ends of the
horizontal flat iron bars of the window frames, substantially as described and
shewn in the Drawing.
Third. The method of constructing and arranging the bolts and pinions by
which the windows are fastened, substantially as described and shewn in the
Drawing.
Fourth. The bed of non-conducting material arranged between the parts of the
window frame, substantially as and for the purpose described and shewn in the
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Edwards, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 9th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1881.