improvements in the Manufacture of what are known as Mantles Used in what is called Incandescent Gas Lighting.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1886.
Complete Left, 28th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1887.
improvements in the Manufacture of what are known as Mantles
Used in what is called Incandescent Gas Lighting.
I, ARTHUR PAGET, of Loughborough in the county of Leicester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
In order to obtain an incandescent light with gas what are known as mantles have
been used these being made of a fabric saturated impregnated or coated with suitable
chemical substance but with such mantles as heretofore usually made a serious
obstacle to the successful practical application of this system of lighting has been
experienced in consequence of the difficulties of securing and maintaining the mantles
in a suitable position over the gas flame in such a way as to enable them to resist the
strains to which they are exposed.
Now according to my invention in order to obviate the difficulties referred to such
mantles are made of knitted or looped fabric with an annular tube or hollow hem into
which is inserted a wire or ring whereby the fabric is held and maintained in position
over the flame in such a manner as to obviate undue strain upon any portion or loop
or loops of the fabric arising from hanging and moving the mantles and the expan-
sions and contractions thereof. An annular tube or hollow hem such as above referred
to may be formed at the top or at the bottom of the mantle or at both top and bottom
thereof.
In some cases I make such mantles with one or more of the end rows of loops at
the top or bottom or at both top and bottom of a stronger yarn or of doubled
yarns to strengthen the loops to enable them to bear the strains to which they are
exposed.
In some cases I make the mantles with every loop at the top or bottom end or at
both ends secured to the contiguous loops in such a way that they shall support each
other and so strengthen the fabric at the end or ends and assist it to keep its shape,
and prevent its becoming unroved or unwoven and ragged.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1886.
W. LLOYD WISE.
Per F. J Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of what are known as Mantles
Used in what is called Incandescent Gas Lighting.
I ARTHUR PAGET of Radmoor Loughborough in the County of Leicester Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of what are
known as mantles used in what is called 'incandescent gas-lighting.
The first part of my invention which I will describe relates to the method of
making mantles of knitted or looped fabric with an annular tube or hollow."hem"
into which is inserted a wire or ring whereby the "Fabricis held and maintained in
position over the flame in such a manner as to obviate undue strain upon any portion
or loop or loops of the "Fabric arising from hanging and moving the mantles and
the expansions and contractions thereof.
An annular tube or hollow hem such as above referred to may be formed at the top
or at the bottom of the mantle or at both top and bottom thereof.
In figure I will be seen shown in perspective one of the "mantles" constructed
on this system. In figure 2 is shown a section of one side of the tissue or fabric of
the said mantle. It will be seen that at the top A there is made an annular tube or
hollow hem into which is inserted a wire or ring whereby the fabric may be held or
maintained in any required position. The annular tube or hollow hem A is made on a
knitting-machine (or what is often known as a stocking-frame) in a way exactly
similar to that used for making the-welts "of hose vests &c. (as is well under-
stood by those conversant with knitting machinery or with the hosiery manufacture)
It will be seen by referring to figures 1 and 2 that a similar annular tube or hollow
hem is shown at the bottom of the mantle constructed in a similar manner to the
back-welts "of vests (as will be understood by all those conversant with knitting-
machines or with the hosiery manufacture) The wires can be easily threaded into the
annular tubes or hollow hems either by bending the end of the wire so as to give the
leading end of the wire a smooth surface and then pushing it round the hem (beginning
at the opening in the hem which is usually left where the seam is put along the side
of the tube in the fabric) or in some cases it is easier to use a bodkin somewhat similar
to an ordinary bodkin only bent into a portion of a circle.
With this bodkin the wire (when slender enough) can be easily drawn through the
annular tube or hollow hem, but in some cases it is more easy to draw a thread through
the hem with the bodkin and then with the thread to draw the wire through the hem
afterwards.
The second part of my invention which I will describe relates to the method of
making mantles with one or more of the end rows of loops at the top or bottom or at
both top and bottom, of a stronger yarn or of double yarns, to strengthen the loops to
enable them to bear the strains to which they are exposed.
Figure 3 shows an enlarged drawing of a piece of knitted web. In order to prevent
the wire which has to be threaded-through-the-loops of-the end row of the mantle

page_text: breaking these loops easily and so being detached or partly detached from the mantle
it will be seen that the end row A and in some cases also the next row B (and in some
cases other additional rows) are made with stronger yarn than the next rows C and D
and the other following rows of netting of the web, this is effected by laying across
the needles of the knitting machine on which the mantle is constructed a yarn of
stronger not which may be either a thicker yarn or 2 yarns laid or doubled together
so as to give greater strength to these rows of loops and will thus prevent the mantle
being so easily detached or broken away from the wires when the mantle is incinerated.
It is evident that such a strengthened row or rows of loops can be constructed either
at the top or the bottom of the mantle or at both top and bottom of the mantle as may
he found requisite in each case.
The third part of my invention which I will describe relates to the method of making
mantles with every loop at the top or bottom end or at both ends secured to the con-
tiguous loops in such a way that they shall support each other and so strengthen the
fabric at the end or ends and assist it to keep its shape and prevent it becoming unroved
or unwoved and ragged.
In figure 4 will be seen an enlarged drawing of part of the end of a piece of knitted
web it will be seen that each loop in the end row of loops A is joined to its con-
tiguous loop or loops by a thread worked into what is known as a "Chain-stitch "-or
a-crochet-stitch or a-linking-stitch and this can be effected by a crochet-
hook or preferrably by what is well known in the hosiery manufacture as a joining-
machine". or a linking-machine" or a" turning-off-machine."
It will be seen that this method of linking together the end row of loops will safe-
guard these loops from running down and forming what, are well known in the hosiery
manufacture as "ladders in the fabric and the said row of chain-stitching will
also strengthen the fabric at the end and assist it to keep its shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I desire it to be understood that I do
not confine myself to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied, or
modified without departing from the principal thereof; but what I claim as my im-
provements in the manufacture of what are known as mantles used in what is called
incandescent gas lighting are:-
First. The method of making mantles of knitted or looped fabric with an annular
tube or hollow hem into which is inserted a wire or ring whereby the fabric is held
and maintained in position over the flame in such a manner as to obviate undue strain
upon any portion or loop or loops of the fabric arising from hanging and moving the
mantles and the expansions and contractions thereof. An annular tube or hollow hem
such as above referred to may be formed at the top or at the bottom of the mantle or
at both top and bottom thereof substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to Figures 1 and 2.
Second. The method of making mantles with one or more of the end rows of loops
at the top or bottom or at both top and bottom of a stronger yarn or of doubled yarns
to strengthen the loops to enable them to bear the strains to which they are exposed
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figure 3.
Third. The method of making mantles with every loop at the top or bottom end or
at both ends secured to the contiguous loops in such a way that they shall support
each other and so strengthen the fabric at the end or ends and assist it to keep its shape
and prevent its becoming unroved or unwoven and ragged substantially as herein before
described with reference to Figure 4.