IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOT WATER APPARATUS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS AND IN VALVES TO BE USED THEREWITH, WHICH VALVES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES"
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Charles Olney of Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
HOT WATER APPARATUS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS AND IN VALVES TO BE USED
THEREWITH, WHICH VALVES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS
PURPOSES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Charles Olney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1883.
THOMAS CHARLES OLNEY of Manchester in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOT WATER APPARATUS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS
AND IN VALVES TO BE USED THEREWITH, WHICH VALVES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
"
This invention relates to the construction of apparatus for heating buildings by
means of hot water circulating through a boiler or coil and pipes, the object of the
said invention being to combine the economy and other advantages of the high
pressure system with the safety and other advantages of the low pressure system.
Outside and at a convenient distance from the water supply system I fix either
a pipe in a vertical or other position closed at top and communicating directly
with the flow or return hot water pipe, or a cylinder or other shaped vessel closed
at both ends but communicating with the flow or return hot water pipe indirectly
by means of a bent or other tube or pipe entering the cylinder at or near the
lower part of it. I call this cylinder the reservoir cylinder.
This reservoir cylinder or vessel has also a second tube or pipe entering it at any
part thereof according to the convenience and the dimensions of the reservoir
cylinder or vessel and passes into and near the top of another pipe or cylinder closed
at both ends called the valve cylinder where it is fitted with a double acting inlet
and outlet safety valve.
The valve may be in its construction like the safety valve for which Letters
Patent were granted to Christopher Shields dated October 10. 1881. N° 4393 or
other double acting inlet and outlet safety valve, but as in the present case the

page_text: valve is surrounded by water it will either admit water into the reservoir cylinder
or vessel and hot water pipes or allow water to escape from the same back into the
supply cistern, through a bent or other pipe carrying a stop-cock connecting the
valve cylinder with the supply cistern, as may be required.
The reservoir cylinder or vessel is also connected with the valve cylinder by
means of a bent or other tube or pipe at or near the lower part of each Cylinder
and it carries a stop cock for the purpose of filling the boiler and pipes with water
but when the boiler and pipes and other parts are filled the stop cock may be
closed. The water when heated will expand creating considerable internal pressure
in the boiler coil and pipes and reservoir cylinder or pipe and will compress the
air in the upper part of the latter but the pressure will be limited by the
adjustment of the outlet portion of the safety valve.
From the upper part of the boiler or coil another pipe is carried and communi-
cates with the reservoir cylinder or vessel and serves as a main steam and air
escape pipe from the boiler and into this pipe the ordinary air tubes or pipes
connected to the hot water pipes may be made to discharge their steam or air
instead of their carrying it to the gutters at the top of the building or other
outlets. But when the apparatus is large or it is inconvenient or otherwise
desirable to adopt the above described arrangement I propose to replace the main
steam and air escape pipe by a steam and air escape valve placed above the boiler
or coil for which valve one design is herein described.
The kind of steam and air escape valve herein referred to consists of a metal
chamber called the float chamber with the top and bottom closed or partly closed
by covers or other means, with an outlet near the top, opening into a narrow
passage or chamber running down the outside of the float chamber and called the
steam and air passage.
This steam and air passage passes on under a portion of the bottom of the float
chamber and opens into a tube or pipe which connects the body of the steam and
air escape valve with the pipe leading to the boiler or coil. In the bottom of the
float chamber a hole is made and a tube is inserted projecting downwards from the
bottom of the float chamber and opens into the pipe which communicates with
the boiler or coil.
Inside the float chamber a metal float is placed and connected at top to the
connecting pin which supports the near ends of two links (forming a toggle
jointed lever) the outer end of one link is fixed to a stud while the outer ond of
the other link is connected to an ordinary lever which lever opens and choses the
internal opening valve as the float sinks or rises in the float chamber.
The outlet safety valve proper may be actuated by a spiral spring formed round
the inlet valve concentrically with it. These valves by a different arrangement of
the levers may be placed either on the top of the float chamber or at the side of
the same.
The safety valve may be adjusted by a screw or a weight.
This double action inlet and outlet valve may also be applied to the ordinary
steam engine boiler to blow off steam when the water becomes low as also to the
kitchen or bath boiler and it may (when inverted be used as a steam trap in
connection with apparatus where steam is used as in cooking.
The steam escaping from this valve may be utilized to sound a whistle or other
audible signal in an office or other convenient place so as to call attention to the
fact of a defficiency of water or an excess of steam.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Charles Olney in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th October 1883.
"
THOMAS CHARLES OLNEY of Manchester in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOT WATER APPARATUS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS
AND IN VALVES TO BE USED THEREWITH, WHICH 'VALVES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES "
This invention relates to the construction of apparatus for heating buildings by
means of hot water circulating through a boiler or coil and pipes, the object of the
said invention being to combine the economy and other advantages of the high
pressure system with the safety and other advantages of the low pressure system.
Such being the nature and object of my said invention I will now proceed to
describe the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect, and in order that the same may be clearly understood I have
annexed hereunto a sheet of drawings illustrative thereof and have marked the
same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof
Fig 1. in the annexed drawings is a vertical section of my improved hot
water apparatus and Fig 2 is a similar view of my improved steam and air escape
valve. With reference to Fig 1., in carrying out my invention I fix outside and at a
convenient distance from the water supply cistern a, a either a pipe in a vertical
or other position closed at top and communicating directly or indirectly with the
flow or with the return hot water pipe.
Or a cylinder or other shaped vessel b, b closed at both ends but communicating
with the flow pipe c, c or the return hot water pipe indirectly by means of a bent
or other tube or pipe d, d entering the cylinder b, b at or near the lower part of it.
I call this cylinder the reservoir cylinder.
In some cases the bent tube or pipe d, d may be dispensed with and the
cylinder b, b may communicate direct with the flow pipe c, c as shown by dotted
lines.
This reservoir cylinder or vessel b, 6 has also a second tube or pipe e, e provided
with a stop cock and entering it at any part thereof according to the convenience
and the dimensions of the reservoir cylinder or vessel b, b and passing into and
near the top of another pipe or cylinder f. f closed at both ends called the
valve cylinder where it is fitted with a double acting inlet and outlet safety
valve g. 9.
The valve g, g may be in its construction like the safety valve for which Letters
Patent were granted to Christopher Shields dated October 10 1881. N° 4393. or
other double acting inlet and outlet safety valve, but as in the present case the
valve is surrounded by water it will either admit water into the reservoir cylinder
or vessel and hot water pipes or allow water to escape from the same back into
the supply cistern a, a when the pressure exceeds the desired limit, through a
bent or other pipe h, h carrying a stop cock i connecting the valve cylinder f, f
with the supply cistern a, a as may be required.
The reservoir cylinder or vessel b, b is also connected with the valve cylinder f.f
by means of a tube or pipe k, ke at or near the lower part of each cylinder and it
carries a stop cock i for the purpose of filling the boiler and pipes with water, but

page_text: when the boiler and pipes and other parts are filled the stop cock i may be closed.
The water when heated will expand creating considerable internal pressure in the
boiler coil and pipes and reservoir cylinder or pipe b, 6 and will compress the air
in the upper part of the latter but the pressure will be limited by the adjustment
of the outlet portion of the safety valve g, g.
5
From the upper part of the boiler or coil another pipe m is carried and com-
municates with the reservoir cylinder or vessel b, b and serves as a main steam
and air escape pipe from the boiler and into this pipe the ordinary air tubes or
pipes connected to the hot water pipes may be made to discharge their steam or
air instead of their carrying it to the gutters at the top of the building or other 1
outlets But when the apparatus is large or it is inconvenient or otherwise
undesirable to adopt the above described arrangement I propose to replace the
main steam and air escapo pipe m by a steam and air escape valve and safety
valve placed above the boiler or coil for which valve one design is herein
described.
The kind of steam and air escape valve herein referred to consists of a metal
chamber n, n see Fig. 2 called the float chamber with the top and bottom closed
or partly closed by covers or other means with an inlet o, o near the top opening
into a narrow passage or chamber p, p running down the outside of the float
chamber n, n and called the steam and air passage."
The steam and air passage passes on under a portion of the bottom of the float
chamber and opens into a tube or pipe q, q which connects the body of the steam
and air escape valve with the pipe leading to the boiler or coil. In the bottom of
the float chamber a hole is made and a tube r, r is inserted projecting downwards
from the bottom of the float chamber and opens into the pipe q, q which
communicates with the boiler or coil.
In some cases the passage p p may be dispensed with and the pipe q, q may
communicate direct with the float chamber by means of openings x, x in the
bottom thereof as shown by dotted lines.
Inside the float chamber a metal float a, s is placed and connected at top to the
connecting pint which supports the near ends of two links u, u¹ (forming a toggle
jointed lever) the outer end of one link u¹is fixed to a stud or bracket while the
outer end of the other link u is connected to an ordinary lever v, v which lever
opens and closes the internal opening valve w, was the float 8, 8 sinks or rises in
the float chamber n, n.
The outlet safety valve proper may be actuated by a spiral spring formed round
the inlet valve concentrically with it, or any other convenient form of safety valve
may be adopted.
These valves by a different arrangement of the levers may be placed either on
the top of the float chamber or at the side of the same. The safety valve may
also be adjusted by a screw or a weight.
This double action inlet and outlet valve may also be applied to the ordinary
steam engine boiler to blow off steam when the water becomes low as also to the
kitchen or bath boiler and it may (when inverted) be used as a steam trap in
connection with the apparatus where steam is used as in cooking
The steam escaping from this valve may be utilized to sound by exhaustion or
suction a whistle or other audible signal in an office or other convenient place so as
to call attention to the fact of a defficiency of water or an excess of steam as
shown at y.-s in Fig. 2.
Having now described the nature and object of my said invention together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect I wish it to be understood that I clain as my invention
First. The improvements in the construction of hot water apparatus for heating
buildings substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 1. of the
annexed drawings.
Secondly I claim the peculiar construction of the steam and air
escape
valve

page_text: substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig 2. on the drawings
whether used in connection with my improved hot water apparatus or for other
analogous purposes.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Charles Olney have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fourth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
THOMAS CHARLES OLNEY (L.S.)