Increasing Simultaneously both Power and Speed in Variable Ratios by Arrangements of Revolving Leverage.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 28th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1888
Increasing Simultaneously both Power and Speed in Variable
Ratios by Arrangements of Revolving Leverage.
1 JAMES ALEXANDER SMITH, presently residing at No. 230 Marylebone Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention.
to be as follows, vizt. :-
For increasing, simultaneously, both power and speed in mechanical movement
in variable ratios to each other, by arrangements of revolving leverage, involving the
application of a new mechanical principle, and, so far as the simultaneous increase of
power and speed is effected, the development of a new mechanical power, which, for
distinctiveness, and in honor of the year in which this application is made, I propose
shall be called "the Victorian power," or "the Jubilee motion or movement.'
"
Referring to the accompanying drawings for the purpose of explaining the principle
involved, let A. A' (Fig. 1.) represent, in outline, the foreshortened diameter and
semicircumference of a toothed wheel, carrying on one of its spokes the axle 2.
passing through it and suitably secured in position, with the toothed wheel and
pinion C. D. fixed to, and capable of revolving freely in either direction with that
axle, the toothed wheel C. capable of working, in corresponding teeth, on wheel B,
-the wheel B being centred on, but not fixed to axle 1, and the toothed pinion D,
being fitted to work in corresponding teeth on the inner surface of the ring E E¹,
which is attached at d and d¹, or otherwise, to the wheel F. F',-this latter wheel
being centred and suitably kept in position on, but not fixed to axle 1.-If any
impulse or motion be communicated to wheel A. A², causing it to revolve with its
axle 1, it will simultaneously set in corresponding motion all the other wheels before
mentioned, so far as not separately, or otherwise, obstructed.-But, if wheel B, by
any applied means, be prevented from revolving with wheel A A², then, by the teeth
of wheel C working in those of wheel B, the wheel and pinion C. D. and their axle 2.
will have a motion round B, on their own axis, in addition to that communicated to
them by wheel A A¹, and, by the teeth of pinion D, working in those on the inner
surface of the ring E, E', will from such motion and the leverage thence communicated
by B, C and D, cause the ring E E¹ and its attached wheel F F to revolve in parallel
rn
027

page_text: planes to, but more rapidly and with greater power than that of wheel A A¹; and
wheel F F will thereby be capable of giving a greater power and speed to any
toothed wheel to which it is made to communicate or transmit motion, than wheel A A¹
could give directly.
But, if the wheel B instead of being fixed and not revolving with axle 1, be, by
any power communicated to it, made to revolve reversely to wheel A. A¹ on axle 1,
a still greater speed and power will thereby be transmitted through wheel and
pinion C, D to ring E. E' and wheel F. F¹.
To shew and explain this more fully, let the wheel G, fixed to axle 3. (Fig. 2) be
the means of transmitting initial motion to wheel A. A¹, and the pinion H revolving
with G and also fixed to axle 3 be the means, through the intermediate wheel I, on
axle 4. of giving reverse motion to wheel B, and to the twin wheel or pinion B¹,
attached to it at g. g', or otherwise, then, if the toothed wheel or pinion B¹ be made
to work in corresponding teeth on wheel C, carried with its pinion D and axle 2 on
the branch or arm K (fixed like wheel A A' to axle 1 and revolving with it), the
pinion D will, by this arrangement, convey from pinion H and wheels I, B, B and C.
still further speed and power to wheel F. F than it would have if fixed to axle 1, like
wheel A A¹; and this increase of speed and power will be the leverage and motion
arising from the revolution of pinion H and wheel and pinion B B₁ and wheel and
pinion C. D.
In these preceding arrangements, shewn by Figs. 1 and 2, the ring E E¹ has been
regarded as having teeth on its inner surface into which pinion D may work with
corresponding teeth, but ring. E E¹ and pinion D may both be bevelled to each other
with the same result.-Ring E E' may however be toothed on its outer surface like
all the other wheels in these arrangements, by a slightly different treatment of the
mechanism involved, as shewn in Fig. 3, in which the initial conditions already
explained of wheels G, H, I, A A', B, C, D, and, with intermediate mechanism, E E¹
and F Fare maintained. By this 3rd arrangement, with an alteration in the form
and purpose of the branch or arm K, the toothed pinion D. works into the corre-
spondingly toothed wheel L, carried also with its axle 5. and pinion N by the arm K.
pinion N now working with corresponding teeth in the toothed outer surface of the
ring E E, and thereby giving addition speed and leverage to its attached wheel F F¹
by the added effect of wheel and pinion L N.
In the preceding explanations, the wheels and pinions referred to are all regarded
as communicating motion by means of teeth, though the teeth are not delineated in
the drawings; but it is obvious that, by trifling suitable variations, drums and belts
or bands, or grooved wheels and cords, or other modes of transmitting applicable
motion may be more or less employed in producing the same or similar results. It
will also be manifest that these arrangements may be combined and repeated to any
desired extent, and so varied as to increase the power and leverage more, or the speed
more, relatively to each other. Thus arrangements like those of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3
may. be separately repeated to any extent. The arrangement in Fig. 2 may also be
applied so that wheel F. F', in that system, communicates or transmits the initial
impulse to wheel G. of Fig. 3 and vice versa to any degree of repetition. Numberless
other arrangements and variations may also be made in the relative sizes and order
of the wheels, and otherwise, all involving more or less the same principle and new
mechanical power herein before explained and illustrated.

page_text: Ratios by Arrangements of Revolving Leverage.
I JAMES ALEXANDER SMITH presently residing at No. 230 Marylebone Road in
the County of Middlesex England Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
For increasing simultaneously both power and speed in mechanical movements in
variable ratios to each other by arrangements of revolving leverage, involving the
application of a new mechanical principle and so far as simultaneous increase of power
and speed is effected the development of a new mechanical power which for dis-
tinctiveness and in honor of the year in which this application is made I propose shall
be called "the Victorian power or "the Jubilee motion or movement."
2
Referring to the accompanying drawings for the purpose of explaining the
principle involved let A A¹ (Fig. 1) represent in outline the foreshortened diameter
and semicircumference of the run of a toothed wheel carrying on one of its spokes
the axle 2 passing through it and suitably secured in position with the toothed wheel
and pinion C. D. fixed to and capable of revolving freely in either direction with
that axle the toothed wheel capable of working in corresponding teeth on wheel B
- the toothed wheel B being centred on but not fixed to axle 1 and the toothed
pinion D being fitted to work in corresponding teeth on the inner surface of the
ring E E which is attached at d. d' or otherwise to the wheel F F¹ (or consolidated
with it as one wheel of sufficient width if so desired-the distinctive and separate
mention herein of ring E E' and wheel F F being for explanatory purposes more
especially)-this latter wheel F. F1 being centred and suitably kept in position on
but not fixed to axle 1.-If any impulse or motion be communicated to wheel A A¹
causing it to revolve with its axle 1, it will simultaneously set in corresponding motion
all the other wheels before mentioned so far as not separately or otherwise obstructed.
-But if wheel B by any applied means be prevented from revolving with wheel A A'
then by the teeth of wheel C working in those of wheel B. the wheel and pinion C. D.
and their axle 2 will have a motion round B on their own axis in addition to that
communicated to them by wheel A A¹ and the teeth of pinion D working in those
on the inner surface of the ring E E' will form such motion and the leverage thence
communicated from B., C. and D cause the ring E E' and its attached wheel F. F¹.
to revolve in parallel planes to but more rapidly and with greater power than that of
wheel A A', and wheel F F will thereby be capable of communicating a greater
power and speed to any toothed wheel to which it is inade to transmit motion than
wheel A A¹ could give directly.

page_text: But if the wheel B instead of being fixed and not revolving with axle 1. be by any
power communicated to it made to revolve reversely to wheel A. A¹ on axle 1
a still greater speed and power would thereby be transmitted through wheel and
pinion C. D. to ring E E' and wheel F. F¹.
To shew and explain this more fully let the wheel G fixed to axle 3 (Fig. 2.) be
the means of transmitting initial motion to wheel A A' and the wheel or pinion H
revolving with G and also fixed to axle 3 be the means through the intermediate
wheel I on axle 4 of giving reverse motion to wheel B and to the twin wheel or
pinion B attached to B at g g' or otherwise, then if the toothed wheel or pinion B¹
be made to work in corresponding teeth on wheel (carried with its pinion D and
axle 2 on the branch or arm K which is fixed like wheel A A' to axle 1 and revolving
with it and may be part of one of the spokes or radii of a fly wheel as indicated in
transverse section by the dotted lines in addition to it given in Fig. 3 the pinion D
will by this arrangement convey from wheel or pinion H and wheels I. B B¹ and C
still further speed and power (variable if desired) to wheel F F than it would have
if fixed to axle 1 like wheel A A¹ and this increase of speed and power will be the
leverage and motion arising from the revolution of wheel or pinion H. the wheel I and
wheel and pinion B B₁ and wheel and pinion C D and their relative dimensions and
proportions variable at discretion.
Wheel I may also have a pinion on the same axle with it and be thereby made by
that additional pinion working instead of wheel I in the teeth of wheel B to give still
further leverage-wheel B being correspondingly enlarged.
In these preceding arrangements shewn by Figs. 1 and 2 the ring E E¹ has been
regarded as having teeth on its inner surface into which pinion D may work with
corresponding teeth, but ring E E¹ and pinion D may both be bevelled to each other
with the same result.-Ring E E¹ may however be toothed on its outer surface like
all the other wheels in these arrangements or consolidated with wheel F F¹ into one
broad wheel and its inner teeth dispensed with by a slightly different arrangement of
the mechanism involved as shewn in Fig. 3 in which the initial conditions already
explained of wheels GHIA A' B B¹ CD and with intermediate mechanism E E¹
and FF are maintained.-By this 3rd arrangement with an alteration in the form
and operation of the branch or arm K the toothed pinion D works into the corre-
spondingly toothed wheel L carried also with its axle 5 and pinion N by the arm K.
(pinion N in this arrangement working with corresponding teeth in the toothed outer
surface of the ring E E instead of pinion D on its inner surface as formerly and
thereby giving additional speed and leverage to its attached wheel F F by the added
and variable effect of wheel and pinion L N.
In the preceding explanation the wheels and pinion referred to are all regarded as
communicating motion by means of teeth though the teeth are not delineated in the
drawings but it is obvious also that by trifling suitable variations drums and belts or
bands, pulleys or grooved wheels and cords or other modes of transmitting applicable
motion may be more or less employed instead of toothed wheels in producing the same
or similar results. It is also manifest that these arrangements may be combined and
repeated to any desired extent and so varied as to increase the power and leverage-
more or the speed more relatively to each other. Thus arrangements like those of
Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 may be separately repeated to any extent. The arrangement in
Fig. 2 may also be applied so that wheel F F¹ in that system communicates or
transmits the initial impulse to wheel G of Fig. 3 and vice versa to any degree of
desired repetition.-Numberless other arrangements and variations may also be made
in the relative sizes and order of the wheels and otherwise all involving more or less
of the same new principle and new mechanical power herein before explained and
illustrated.
But having now particularly described ascertained and explained the nature of the
said invention with the principle involved and mechanical power resulting and in
what manner the same may be performed and realised I declare that what I claim is
1. The discovery invention and realisation of the principle involved for increasing

page_text: simultaneously both power and speed in variable ratios and for increasing power
without necessarily or correspondingly diminishing speed and increasing speed
without necessarily and correspondingly diminishing power as hitherto as a new and
heretofore unknown mechanical principle.
2. The realisation of the new mechanical power or motion developed and identified
in the examples described and explained in the accompanying drawings and preceding
statement and all variations thereof so far as the simultaneous increase of power and
speed in any ratio to each other or the increasing of speed without correspondingly
diminishing power or the increasing of power without diminishing speed may be
achieved as distinguished from the mechanical maxim hitherto laid down that what is
gained in power is lost in time and vice versa.
3. All developments of the said new principle and mechanical power or motion by
these or any other or similar arrangements as a speed and power increasing gearing
(both or either) and the application thereof to or in aid of all other mechanical
motions whatsoever.