IMPROVE- MENTS IN MECHANICAL HAMMERS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jozé Luis, of the British & Foreign Office for
Patents, No. 1, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MECHANICAL HAMMERS."-A communication from abroad by
Jean Schmerber. of Haut Rhin, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 31st January 1860, and dated the 17th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jozé Luis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1859.
I, JOZE LUIS, of the British & Foreign Office for Patents, No. 13, Welbeck
Street, Cavendish Square, London, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent,) do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MECHANICAL HAMMERS," (& that it has been communicated to me
from abroad by Jean Schmerber, of Haut Rhin, in the Empire of France,) to
be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the application of several new principles in the
construction of hammers or stampers moved by cams, whether for forging,
beating, hardening, stamping, sinking, or otherwise, of heated or cold metallic
or other matters.
These principles are as follows:-1st, the introduction of an elastic body in
that part of the machine between the action of one or more of the fly wheels
and the cam, permitting an angular yielding at the moment of the catching of
the cam.
2nd, the application under one or more of the bearings in which the shaft

page_text: of the cam works of an elastic body, allowing the bearings to come together at
the moment the cam seizes the hammer.
3rd, the application of a set of springs of india-rubber, the principle of
which consists in joining or fitting the ends of the cylinders, rundles, prisms,
pyramids, & solids of revolution of india-rubber either full or hollow, which
form the spring between the edges or flanges with which the parting plates
are furnished; these flanges take the ends of the india-rubber pieces exactly,
and being rounded off the india-rubber pieces are compressed without friction,
and consequently with but little or no wear.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jozé Luis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOZE
LUIS, of the British & Foreign Office for Patents, No. 1º, Welbeck Street,
Cavendish Square, London, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
IIer reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Jozé Luis, Her special licence that I, the said Jozé Luis,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jozé Luis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MECHANICAL HAMMERS," a communication from abroad by Jean
Schmerber, of Haut Rhin, in the Empire of France, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Jozé Luis, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jozé Luis, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
The improvements consist in the application of several new principles in the
construction of hammers or stampers moved by cams, whether for forging,
beating, hardening, stamping, sinking, or otherwise, of heated or cold metallic
or other matters.
These principles are as follows:-1st, the introduction of an elastic body in
that part of the machine between the action of one or more of the fly wheels
and the cam, permitting an angular yielding at the moment of the catching of
the cam.
2nd, the application under one or more of the bearings in which the shaft
of the cam works of an elastic body, allowing the bearings to come together at
the moment the cam seizes the hammer.
3rd, the application of a set of india-rubber springs, the principle of
which consists in joining or fitting the ends of the cylinders, rundles, prisms,
pyramids, and solids of revolution of india-rubber, either solid or hollow, which
form the spring between the edges or flanges with which the parting plates
are furnished. These flanges take the ends of the india-rubber pieces exactly,
and being rounded off, the india-rubber pieces are compressed without friction,
and consequently with but little or no wear.
The principles above described can be applied either separately, two together,
or all three at one time, as will be seen by aid of the accompanying Drawings,
to pile or stamp hammers worked by cams.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, Plate 1, represent a pile or stamp hammer propelled by a
cam, and in which the 1st and 2nd principles are applied (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.)
The cam C, which raises the piston P, forms part of the shaft A; upon this
latter an arm B is placed. R is a prismatic piece of india-rubber, which is
held between the arm B and the arm belonging to the fly wheel V. The fly
wheels are not keyed upon the shaft; by the side of one of them and connected
with the same a motive pulley D and loose pulley D' are placed. The shaft A,
and consequently the cam C are therefore moved by the medium of the
springs R. The working of the apparatus may be easily understood. At
each stroke of the cam C against the hammer or stamper P the springs R are
compressed. The shock of the cam is thus deadened by the slackening of the
shaft A, which is not moved at the same speed as the fly wheels until after the
compression of the springs. The framework and the hammer or stamper may
be of any shape deemed suitable. The manner of guiding the hammer and

page_text: working the cam, as well as the number of the cams, may also be changed at
pleasure. Instead of causing the cam to work at the top of a groove made in
the hammer, it can be made to act upon a beak on the outside of the axis of
the hammer, or two cams may be arranged so that each of them acts simul-
taneously upon a beak. Instead of employing a spring made of a single piece
of india-rubber several springs might be used, either plates, sheets, rundles,
cylinders, prisms, pyramids, or solids of revolution, of any shape, and either
solid or hollow, combined with suitable braces and guides. In short, I reserve
to myself the right of employing in this principle all the various kinds of
springs, either of india-rubber or of india-rubber combined with other matters.
The india-rubber springs, as represented Plate 1, may be replaced by simple
or compound metal springs; thus, the india-rubber prism may be replaced by
a spiral spring, Fig. 1, P. 2, a spiral, helicoid, or otherwise. The same object
may also be attained by replacing the arm B, Fig. 1, P. 1, and the india-rubber
prism R by one or more spring blades, as indicated Fig. 1, Plate 2.
All the springs above described can be placed outside the fly wheels, provided
that the pieces or arms between which they are included are arranged in such
manner that the action of the fly wheel is transmitted to the cam by the
medium of the springs. Instead of placing a spring for each fly wheel, as
indicated Plate 1, two or more may be adapted. Or, again, several successive
fly wheels may be employed, acting upon each other by means of springs. The
springs or fly wheels may be moved by means of cogwork instead of the
pulley D, indicated in Plate 1, or otherwise by direct motive power. The fly
or flies, instead of being placed on the same shaft as the cam, may be placed
on another shaft, which would then govern the one with the cam by means of
cogwork or otherwise.
There are still some arrangements equivalent to the above, which consist in
connecting in an elastic manner the fly wheel with the cam. Fig. 2, P. 2,
shows a cam shaft A connected with the fly wheel V by the medium of a spiral
spring R. Fig. 3, P. 2, shows a cam C connected with the cam shaft A,
which bears the fly wheel fixed in rest by means of a helical spring R. Instead
of the latter arrangement the cam may be fixed to the shaft, the fly not being
keyed, but united to the shaft by means of a similar spring. Lastly, instead
of employing springs which act by compression I could use springs of metal or
otherwise, acting by the fact of their extension. In short, I wish to patent not
only the principle, but also all the means which may be employed to carry it
into practise.
The second principle on which the construction of stamp hammers with
cams is founded consists, as has been already stated, in deadening the blow of

page_text: the cam by allowing one or more of the supports in which the shaft turns to
close up, or by compressing a spring to describe a way under the strain caused
by the catching of the cam. This arrangement is applied to pile hammers
raised by cams placed at the end of the shaft, and it may also be applied to
those which have the cams comprised between two supports. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8,
P. 1, show a pile hammer M raised by a cam C placed at the end of the
shaft A. Under the support nearest to the cam I place a spring R of india-
rubber, the simplest form of which is an india-rubber pad placed under the
sole of the support. The latter is guided in such manner as not to change its
position otherwise than according to the compression of the pad. Instead of
making use of a single india-rubber pad any kind of elastic spring may be
employed, either in sheets, rundles, prisms, pyramids, cylinders, solids of revolu-
tion, hollow or otherwise, worked with proper braces or guides, as well as all the
varieties of metallic springs. For a hammer where the cam or cams are situated
between two supports, the supports may be so arranged as to close parallel to
each other. If it is thought proper to make a cam shaft give way in a greater
degree when the cams are held between two supports the fly or flies are placed
oh an auxiliary shaft, Fig. 4, P. 2. This auxiliary shaft A' communicates its
rotary movement to the cam shaft A by means of cogwork, and the support
closes up and compresses the india-rubber springs R by turning round the
axis of the shaft A'. Fig. 5, P. 2, shows a support of this description closing
upon a flat spring; Fig. 6 represents the same support closing upon a helical
spring; and, lastly, Fig. 7 shows a similar support closing upon spiral helicoid
springs. In general, any kind of spring, either metallic or otherwise, may be
employed in the realisation of this principle of deadening the shock of the
cam against a stamper, whatever may be the number or the relative disposition
of the cams, the pile hammer, and the frame which connects and contains
them.
The 1st and 2nd principles may be combined and applied together to the
same pile hammer, an example of which is given Fig. 8, P. 1. This Figure
represents the fly wheel of the hammer as traced in Figs. 5, 6, & 7 of the
same plate. The fly wheel, instead of being firmly keyed upon the shaft, is
represented as moving the latter by the medium of the india-rubber prisms R,
which are held between the arm B keyed to the shaft and two seams arranged
on two arms of the fly wheel V.
The 3rd principle above mentioned may or may not be combined with the
wo preceding ones; it consists in a new and advantageous manner of
stablishing the india-rubber springs for their special application to hammers.
Fig. 4, P. 1, shows an india-rubber spring in detail according to this principle

page_text: applied to a stamp hammer with cams, as represented Figs. 1, 2, & 3 of the
same plan. The stamper P, propelled by the cam C, strikes against a buffer 'T,
on which rests the india-rubber spring. The latter is composed of two
cylinders a, a', the lower of which has one end joined to the flange of the
buffer T, and the other end to the flange of a partition plate S. The second
cylinder a is likewise held at each end in flanges. The buffer T and the
plate S being guided in the interior of the cylinder enclosing the spring, the
latter is obliged to work vertically. Instead of employing two india-rubber
cylinders one only may be used, or a larger number, according to the require-
ments of the case. In the place of solid cylinders hollow ones may be used.
Pieces of india-rubber can also be employed for the same purpose, either
prismatic, pyramidal, or otherwise, solid or hollow, provided their ends be
jointed in flanges of the pieces, and guided in the spring box, or in any other
way. Fig. 7, P. 1, shows another manner of employing this kind of spring
in the stampers when, on account of the great number of blows to be given,
it is necessary to accelerate as much as possible the descent. In this case the
spring is compressed during the partial or total rise of the hammer. It is
unnecessary to describe this spring in detail, as it is formed in the same way
as the one above described, except that, owing to its greater compression, it
requires a larger or thicker piece of india-rubber. Fig. 7 shows in detail the
combination of the machine represented Figs. 5, 6, 7, P. 1, & thus exhibits, in
conjunction with Fig. 8, the simultaneous application of the system which I
desire to patent.
Having thus described my Invention, and the manner in which the same is
or may be carried out, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not
confine myself to the above details, as the same may be varied or modified
without departing from the principle thereof; what I claim and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is, the three systems, together with their application
to hammers and stampers of all descriptions, as above described and shown in
the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jozé Luis, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOZE LUIS. (L.S.)