An Improvement or Improvements in Pneumatic or Hollow Elastic Air Tyres for the Wheels of Bicycles, Tricycles, and other Velocipedes and Wheel Carriages.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th May, 1892-Accepted, 18th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement or Improvements in Pneumatic or Hollow Elastic
Air Tyres for the Wheels of Bicycles, Tricycles, and other
Velocipedes and Wheel Carriages.
1, HARRY HEATON the younger, of the firm of Capon, Heaton and Company
of Lifford Mills, King's Norton in the County of Worcester, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In pneumatic tyres for bicycle and other wheels as ordinarily manufactured the
pressure of the compressed air with which the elastic tube constituting the tyre is
inflated by its constant action on the vulcanized india rubber of which the said tube
is made has a tendency to open the pores of the said india rubber and permit of the
slow escape of the compressed air. Where any flaw or breach of continuity exists
in the india rubber, the pressure has a tendency to extend the flaw and sooner
or later to rupture the india rubber at the point where the original flaw was
situated.
The object of my invention is to remedy the defects referred to, and consists of
the improvement or improvements hereinafter described in the manufacture of the
said tyres by which improvement or improvements the escape of the compressed air
through the pores of the india rubber is wholly or in great part prevented and the
risk of injury to the tyre in consequence of a flaw in the india rubber greatly
reduced.
In the ordinary manufacture of a pneumatic tyre, a layer of canvas or elastic
fabric is inserted in the vulcanized india rubber during its manufacture, the said
layer of elastic fabric consisting of a strip of canvas cut so that the threads or
warp and woof in the finished tyre are oblique to the axis of the tyre.
In making a pneumatic tyre according to my invention I prefer to enibed two
layers of canvas or fabric in the vulcanized india rubber, the said layers of fabric
being separated a short distance from one another by a stratum of india rubber.
The inner layer of fabric is of the ordinary kind, that is, the strip of fabric is so
cut that the warp and woof are situated in the finished tyre obliquely to its axis.
The outer layer of canvas or fabric may be of the same material as the inner layer
but the strip is so cut and introduced into the india rubber that in the finished tyre
the woof is parallel to the axis and the warp at right angles thereto. I do not
however limit myself to this arrangement of the fabric as it may be so situated in the
india rubber that the warp is parallel to the axis of the finished tyre and the woof
at right angles thereto. In the former case the fabric is practically inelastic while
in the latter case it has a very limited elasticity.
In a tyre constructed as described the indin rubber forming the inner part of the
tyre is strengthened by the inner fabric without its elasticity being materially
diminished while the outer part of the tyre in consequence of the inelasticity of the
outer layer of fabric is preserved from the strain which the compressed air would
otherwise put upon it. The compressed air consequently cannot open the pores of
the india rubber nor can it effect a rupture at any part where there is a flaw.
Although I prefer as described to use a layer of inelastic fabric in conjunction
with the ordinary elastic layer, yet I do not limit myself thereto as the inelastic
layer may be used without the elastic layer with nearly the same effect.
Dated this 25th day of August 1891.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement or Improvements in Pneumatic or Hollow Elastic
Air Tyres for the Wheels of Bicycles, Tricycles, and other
Velocipedes and Wheel Carriages.
I, HARRY HEATON, the younger, of the firm of Capon Heaton and Company,
of Lifford Mills, King's Norton, in the County of Worcester, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
In pneumatic tyres for bicycle and other wheels as ordinarily manufactured the
pressure of the compressed air with which the elastic tube constituting the tyre is
inflated by its constant action on the vulcanized india rubber of which the said
tube is made has a tendency to open the pores of the said india rubber and permit
of the slow escape of the compressed air. Where any flaw or breach of continuity
exists in the india rubber, the pressure has a tendency to extend the flaw and sooner
or later to rupture the india rubber at the point where the original flaw was
situated.
The object of my invention is to remedy the defects referred to, and consists of
the improvement or improvements hereinafter described in the manufacture of the
said tyres, by which improvement or improvements the escape of the compressed
air through the pores of the india rubber is wholly or in great part prevented and
the risk of injury to the tyre in consequence of a flaw in the india rubber greatly
reduced.
In the ordinary manufacture of a pneumatic tyre a layer of canvas or elastic
fabric is inserted in the vulcanized india rubber during its manufacture, the said
layer of elastic fabric consisting of a strip of canvas cut so that the threads or warp
and woof in the finished tyre are oblique to the axis of the tyre.
In making a pneumatic tyre according to my invention I prefer to embed two
layers of canvas or fabric in the vulcanized india rubber the said layers of fabric
being separated a short distance from one another by a stratum of india rubber.
The inner layer of fabric is of the ordinary kind, that is, the strip of fabric is so
cut that the warp and woof are situated in the finished tyre obliquely to its axis.
The outer layer of canvas or fabric may be of the same material as the inner layer
but the strip is so cut and introduced into the india rubber that in the finished tyre
the woof is parallel to the axis and the warp at right angles thereto. I do not
however limit myself to this arrangement of the fabric as it may be so situated in
the india rubber that the warp is parallel to the axis of the finished tyre and the
woof at right angles thereto. In the former case the fabric is practically inelastic
while in the latter case it has a very limited elasticity.
In a tyre constructed as described the india rubber forming the inner part of the
tyre is strengthened by the inner fabric without its flexibility being materially
diminished, while the outer part of the tyre in consequence of the inelasticity of
the outer layer of fabric is preserved from the strain which the compressed air
would otherwise put upon it. The compressed air consequently cannot open the
pores of the india rubber nor can it effect a rupture at any part where there is a
Hlaw.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents in cross section a pneumatic
or hollow elastic air tyre constructed according to my invention and Figure 2
represents an elevation of the same partly broken away for the purpose of
exhibiting the inner and outer tubular layers of canvas or fabric embedded in the
tyre; Figure 3 represents the inner layer of canvas or fabric flattened or opened
out and Figure 4 represents the outer layer of canvas or fabric flattened or
opened out. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several
figures of the drawing.

page_text: a is the outer layer of canvas cr fabric and is the inner layer of canvas or
fabric embedded in the india rubber tubes c, d of the tyre the said layers of canvas
or fabric being separated a short distance from one another by a tubular stratum of
india rubber e. The two layers of canvas or fabric are represented by thick black
lines in Figure 1 and the inner and outer tubes of india rubber and the separating
layer of india rubber are represented by cross or sectional lines to distinguish them
from the inner and outer layers of canvas or fabric. The inner layer of canvas
or fabric is of the ordinary kind the strip of canvas or fabric being so cut that
the warp and woof are situated in the finished tyre obliquely to its axis as seen in
Figure 2 while the outer layer of canvas or fabric a is so cut and introduced into
the india rubber of the tyre that in the finished tyre the woof is situated parallel
to the axis of the tyre and the warp at right angles thereto as seen in Figure 2.
The positions of the warp and woof of the outer layer of canvas or fabric may
however be reversed in the embedded tyre; that is, the warp may be parallel to
the axis of the tyre and the woof at right angles thereto.
By embedding in the manner described the two layers of canvas or fabric the
tyre so constructed has the advantages hereinbefore pointed out.
Although I have described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing the use
of a layer of inelastic fabric a in conjunction with the ordinary elastic layer b yet
I do not limit myself thereto as the inelastic layer a may be used without the
elastic layer b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention:-
The improvement or improvements in pneumatic or hollow elastic air tyres for
the wheels of bicycles, tricycles and other velocipedes and wheel carriages herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing; that is to say,
embedding in the india rubber of the tyre a layer of canvas or fabric the strip of
canvas or fabric being so cut and introduced into the india rubber of the tyre that
in the finished tyre the woof is parallel to the axis of the tyre and the warp at
right angles thereto or the reverse, the layer of canvas or fabric thus embedded in
the india rubber being practically inelastic or of very limited elasticity; whether
the said inelastic or nearly inelastic layer of fabric be used alone in the tyre or in
conjunction with the ordinary elastic layer of fabric substantially as described and
illustrated.
Dated the Sixth day of May 1892.
HARRY HEATON, JNR.