An Improved Composition, Forming a Substitute for Stone, Marble, Plaster, and the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 6th July, 1895
An Improved Composition, Forming a Substitute for Stone, Marble,
Plaster, and the like.
A communication from abroad, CAMILLE BERTIN, of 4 Rue d'Hoogvoorst, Brussels,
Belgium, Sculptor.
I FRANÇOIS HUBERT LENDERS of 118 Bishopsgate Street in the City of
London, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of the invention is to produce a composition or plaster which will set
after mixing with water, with a smooth and polished surface or otherwise as
desired.
The composition has for its principal base, a hydrate of oxychloride of magnesia
obtained by mixing calcined magnesia with a 30 to 50 per cent. solution, in water
or other liquids, of chloride of magnesium. Proportions of chloride of magnesium
below 30 per cent. or above 50 per cent. do not give good results the most
advantageous proportion being thought to be about 40 per cent."
Aqueous solutions of chloride of magnesium of 10, 11, 15 &c. per cent. give dull
surfaces, and solutions stronger than 50 per cent. give a saline efflorescence after
setting especially with a pure product or with one not mixed with bodies such as
sand or powdered glass. The calcined magnesia can be replaced by calcined
dolomite, calcined magnesite, or other calcined magnesian rock giving a mixture of
oxide of magnesium with other bodies depending upon the composition of the raw
material employed.
The addition to the chloride of magnesium of certain salts such as chloride of
sodium, sulphate of aluminium, sulphate of potassium, chloride of potassium in
various proportions will vary the character of the resulting material.
The hardness, transparency and strength of the product may be varied according
to the materials employed.
Various substances can be added to the composition, such as,, sand, powdered
glass, white lead, sulphate of barium, or earthy silicates, oxide of zinc, oxide of
calcium, carbonate of calcium, or carbonate of magnesium to obtain various effects,
and colors or coloring matters soluble in water and powders of carbon gold, bronzé,
silver and other bodies may also be added thereto.
The composition may be employed to replace marble or artifical stone or may be
used to form blocks for sculpture, imitation alabaster, crucible and refractory bricks
which are required to resist high temperatures, plasters, cements, stucco work,
plaster work, mouldings &c.
It may also be used for coatings applied with the brush, or trowel, upon wood,
stone and other materials, and it can be employed in the manufacture of tiles,
mosaics, enamels, and for many other uses.
Dated the 10th day of September 1894.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.

page_text: An Improved Composition, Forming a Substitute for Stone, Marble,
Plaster, and the like.
A communication from abroad by CAMILLE BERTIN, of 4 Rue d'Hoogvoorst,
Brussels, Belgium, Sculptor.
I, FRANÇOIS HUBERT LENDERS of 118 Bishopsgate Street in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of the invention is to produce a composition or plaster which will set
after mixing with cold water or other liquids, with a smooth and polished surface
or otherwise as desired.
The composition has for its principal base a hydrate of oxychloride of magnesia
obtained by mixing calcined magnesia with a 30 to 50 per cent. solution in water or
other liquids of chloride of magnesium.
The composition however which is preferred consists of a hydrate of oxychloride
of magnesia aluminate obtained by mixing calcined magnesia with a 30 to 50 per cent.
solution in water or other liquids of chloride of magnesium which contains in
addition about 2 per cent. of sulphate of aluminium. Proportions of chloride of
magnesium below 30 per cent. or above 40 per cent. do not give good results, the
most advantageous proportion being about 40 per cent.
Solutions of chloride of magnesium of 10, 11, 15 &c. per cent. give dull surfaces
compared with those given by the compositions above, and solutions stronger than
50 per cent. give a saline efflorescence after setting, especially with a pure product
or with one not mixed with bodies such as sand or powdered glass. With a plaster
made more or less thick by mixing the calcined magnesia in a magnesian solution
more or less concentrated (say 20 to 50 per cent of chloride of magnesium) and
exposing it to the air for some hours or otherwise it will set in the manner of
plaster or hydraulic cement. The calcined magnesia can be replaced by calcined
dolomite, calcined magnesite, or other calcined magnesian rock giving a mixture of
.oxide of magnesium with other bodies depending upon the composition of the raw
material employed. The addition to the magnesian solution of certain salts such
as chloride of sodium, sulphate of potassium, chloride of potassium in various
proportions will vary the character of the resulting material. The hardness,
transparency and strength of the product may be varied according to the materials
employed.
Various substances can be added to the composition, such as sand, powdered
glass, white lead, sulphate of barium, or earthy silicates, oxide of zinc, oxide of
calcium, carbonate of magnesium or the like, to obtain various effects, and colors
or coloring matters soluble in water and powders of carbon gold, bronze, silver, and
other bodies may also be added thereto.
As an illustration of a suitable composition for making an artifical stone the
'following may be employed :-
40 parts of calcined magnesia, 60 parts of fine sand, and a quantity of the solution
of chloride of magnesium with the sulphate of aluminium before described which
will be sufficient to make it into a paste of the consistency of fluid mortar. The
mass may be set upon a plate of glass or in a suitable mould.
The composition may be employed to replace marble or artifical stone, or may
be used to form blocks for sculpture, imitation alabaster, crucible and refractory
bricks which are required to resist high temperatures, plasters, cements stucco
work, plaster work, mouldings &c. It may also be used for coatings applied with

page_text: the brush or trowel upon wood, stone, and other materials, and it can be employed
in the manufacture of tiles, mosaics, enamels, and for many other uses.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
from abroad by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. For producing an improved composition forming a substitute for stone, marble,
plaster, and the like, the employment of a solution containing chloride of magnesium,
substantially in the manner described.
2. An improved composition forming a substitute for stone, marble, plaster, and
the like produced by mixing calcined magnesia (or a material containing oxide of
magnesium) with a solution of chloride of magnesium with or without the addition
of sulphate of aluminium in the proportions substantially as specified.
3. The employment with the composition described in the preceding claims of
various salts, oxides, coloring matters, and additions, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
Dated the 11th dow of Anvil 1905
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.