CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1849

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TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
HARRISON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, aud
WILLIAM HARRISON, of Blackburn, in the same County, Cotton Manufacturer,
and JOHN ODDIE, of Blackburn aforesaid, Manager, send greeting.
.WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixth day of February, in the
twelfth year of Her reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine, did give and grant unto us, the said Joseph Harrison,
William Harrison, and John Oddie, our exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
Joseph Harrison, William Harrison, and John Oddie, our exors, adññiors, and
assigns,and such others as we, the said Joseph Harrison, William Harrison,and
John Oddie; our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and atall times thereafter during the term of years.
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained aprovisorequiring thatwe,the said

page_text: Joseph Harrison, William Harrison, and John Oddie, shall particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Joseph Harrisou, William Harrison, and John Oddie, do hereby declare that
the nature and particulars of our said Invention, and the manner in which
the same are to be performed and carried into effect, are particularly set forth,
described, and ascertained, in and by these Presents and the several Sheets of
Drawings hereto annexed, which Drawings and the Figures thereon are pro-
gressively numbered, and the letters, indices, or references employed to
indicate any particular part or parts of our improvements are also made use of
to represent the same part or parts in other Figures where different views
thereof are shewn; aud in order to illustrate the novel features of our
Invention with greater perspicuity, we have represented our improvements
shaded in colours, while the ordinary parts of such looms or weaving machines
are drawn in outline only, that is to say:-
Our Invention, which relates to that description of looms known as power
looms, consists,-
Firstly, in a novel method of applying a break to the fly wheels of power
looms when the shuttle stops in the shed, or the weft is broken, thereby
reducing the concussion attendant upon the sudden arrest of the evolutions of
the loom.
Secondly, in certain novel arrangements of apparatus, by means of which
the reed is made to swivel in the slay cap, and preserved from contact with the
shuttle when the latter misses boxing. These arrangements also lock or
secure the reed when the shuttle boxes regularly, so that cloth of stronger
quality than has hitherto been woven in loose reed looms may be manufactured
by using this apparatus.
Thirdly, of certain novel arrangements for imparting a variable motion to
the healds, and which, by forming a shed of any desired number of warp
threads, produce any varieties of pattern at pleasure; the whole of which, and
their practical application, are illustrated in the following description of the
Drawings; in which description we have not explained the working of the
ordinary parts of the loom, as such will be readily understood upon inspection
by all persons conversant with weaving.

page_text: Our arrangements for applying a brake are shewn in Drawing No. 1,
Figures 1 and 3.
A is a fly wheel or pulley upon the crank shaft B. C is
the finger of the stop rod, which, when the shuttle misses boxing, comes as
usual into contact with the notch upon the sliding frog D, a projection upon
which, E, strikes the spring handle F,and traverses the driving strap from the
fast to the loose pulley, simultaneous with which the lever G, attached by a.
stud to the sliding frog D, acts upon the treble armed lever H, and causes it
to apply the brakes I to the fly wheel or pulley A, and instantly to arrest every
motiou of the loom, in the following manner :-The fulcrum of the treble
lever H is at J, and when the vertical arm of that lever is pulled by the frog
D) and lever G in the direction of the arrow, the short horizontal arm of the
treble lever H acts upon and depresses the short arm of the lever K, whose
fulcrum is at L; and the friction brake I, which consists of a strap of leather,
gutta percha, steel spring, or other snitable materials, being attached to the
long horizontal arms of the levers H and K, is thus brought into effectual
contact with at least one half of the periphery of the fly wheel A, which being
fixed upon the crank shaft B immediately suspends every motion of the loom.
So soon as the finger of the stop rod C is out of contact with the frog D, the
lever G ceases to act upon the vertical arm of the treble lever EI, and the fly
wheel or pulley A is liberated from the contact of the brake I.
Figure, Drawing No. 2, shews a bell crank lever a for liberating the fly
wheel 6 from the contact of the brake c, when it is required to start the loom,
the action of which will be readily understood without further explanation.
Our improvements in loose reed looms are shewn in Drawing No. 2.
Referring to the perspective view, Figure 6, A is the bed of the slay; Bis
the reed swivelling in the slay cap C; D is a knee joint or bearing (whose
fulcrum is on the slay sword at E), and extends along the back of the slay
supporting the reed B; F is a spring lever upon the stop rod G, and bearing
against the swell H in the shuttle box. When the shuttle misses boxing, the
swell is forced into the shuttle box, and the lever or finger H¹ upon the stop
rod G acts upon the upper arm of the vibrating lever I fixed to the loom side,
the lower arm of which strikes the lever J placed upon the rod K, which rod
is supported upon brackets between the slay swords. Upon the rod K is also
placed the catch L, taking hold of the horizontal arm M, projecting from
the leg of the knee joint D, which catch, when the pendant lever J is
struck by the lower arm of the vibrating lever I, liberates the horizontal
arm M, and as with the beat up of the slay the reed is no longer
held fast by the knee joint D), the reed swivels loosely in the slay cap, and the

page_text: warps and shuttle are preserved from breakageand injury. When the shuttle
boxes regularly, the spiral spring N serves to keep the catch L in contact
with the arm M, and thus locks or secures the reed, so that cloth of the same
strength and quality may be woven as in fast reed looms.
Figure 7 is a transverse section of a shuttle box; Figure 8 is a plan of the
same; and Figure 9 is a transverse section of a slay taken through the reed.
These Figures, which shew another of our improvements in loose reed looms,
represent the position of the several parts when the shuttle boxes with
regularity, and the Figures 10, 11, and 12 represent the position assumed by
these parts when the shuttle misses boxing. a is a horizontal lever vibrating
upon a stud b, and placed at the back of the shuttle race, one such lever being
affixed to each shuttle box. When the shuttle c boxes regularly, it acts upon
the lever a, and causes a catch on one arm of that lever to lay hold of the
upright-arm d, upon the rod e, which rod extends at the back of the slay, and
is furnished at the other end with a similar arm to be acted upon by the
lever a,
before mentioned, in the other shuttle box, when the shuttle arrives
therein; but should the shuttle fail to reach its destination, or be caught in
the shed, the spring / acts upon one arm of the lever a and forces it into the
shuttle box (see Figure 11), at the same time disengaging the catch upon
the other arm of the lever from contact with the arm & upon the rod e, and
as the brackets 9, g, supporting the reed h by the knee joint i, are also
fastened to the rod e, it follows that the knee joint i can no longer enable
the reed to resist the heat up of the slay, and therefore causes the reed to
swivel loosely in the slay cap, and thus preserve the warps and the shuttle
from injury.
Figures 13, 14, 15, and subsequent Figures, exhibit a further series of our
improvements in loose reed looms, the chief feature of which is that the
finger of the stop rod instead of making a direct or almost vertical thrust
upon the frog when brought into contact therewith when the shuttle misses
boxing, has nearly a horizontal and sidelong action, not upon a stop or notch
on the frog, as heretofore, but upon an incline thereon, which it traverses
with a lateral motion, and while this arrangement materially reduces the
concussion consequent upon upon the contact it does not involve the necessity
of applying a brake to the fly wheel, while it also causes the reed to swivel
loosely in the slay cap. a is the bed of the slay. 6 is the reed swivelling in the
slay cap c, and supported by the knee joint 7, upon the brackets e, e, whose
fulcrums, are projections from the slay swords g, g. h, h, are the
swells in the shuttle boxes, acted upon by the back levers i, i, upon the stop

page_text: rod. j, the finger or detector upon which is kept from traversing the
incline upon the frog l, in the manner usually adopted with the ordinary stop
rod and frog. When the shuttle misses boxing the force of the contact of
the finger with the incline upon the frog 7 causes the finger to travel up
the incline, and give to the stop rod and its appendages a certain amount
of lateral motion, which brings the lever m into the position seen at Figure 14.
This lever, which works in a bracket affixed to the slay sword, is connected
by a rod n to the cranked lever o, one arm of which is acted upon by a spiral
spring. The levers mando are provided with catches that take hold of the
horizontal arms p, p, of the brackets e, e, and thus when the shuttle boxes
regularly they press the knee joint d firmly against the reed b; but when the
shuttle has missed boxing, as before mentioued, and the clips upon the stop
rodjhave acted upon the pointer m¹ of the lever m, and thrown that lever,
and through the rod n the lever o, into the position shewn at Figure 14, the
catches of these levers will cease to act, upon the horizontal arms p, p and
the reed b being relieved from the pressure, of the kuee joint d will swivel
loosely in the slay cáp, and prevent any injury being received by the shuttle
and warps through the beating up of the slay. In restoring the parts to a
working position the operator places the shuttle in the box, and thus relieving
the finger of the stop rod from the action of the incline presses with his
hand upon the lever pl, which brings the reed into its place, and the recoil
of the spring restore the parts to the positions represented at Figure 13.
J...
Our improvements in working the headles of power looms so as to produce
a variation in the pattern at pleasure, are intended as substitutes for the section
tappets and other apparatus ordinarily used for such purposes. These
improvements are shewn in Figures 2 and .4, Drawing No. 1... A is the
ordinary tappet shaft of a loom, upon which is placed a bevil pinion B, which
pinion drives a bevil wheel C, upon the axis of which bevil wheel are placed
two or more circular discs or plates D and E. These discs are connected to
each other by a series of small rods or shafts a, a, upon which rods loosely
revolve the bowls or rollers b, b, and these rollers (which may be varied in
their relative positions to each other at pleasure, according to the pattern
required in the fabric) act alternately and severally upon the treadles F, F,
which by means of the bands c, c, communicate motion to the series of
headles G, G. These headles are supported from the headle rail by a system
of double levers H, H, &c., two levers to each headle; the parallelism of each
headle being maintained by means of toothed sectors upon the short arms of
these levers, which work into each other respectively. It will be observed that
the action of the treadles F, F, will only impart to the headles a downward

page_text: motion. We therefore raise them to their required height by the recoil of
the spiral springs I, I, or other elastic substitutes. One of each of these
springs is attached to each of the levers H, H, and by its recoil, when the
treadle is liberated from the action of the bowls, restores the headle so
liberated to its required height, and maintains it thereat until again acted upon
by the bowls and treadles.
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and having shewn several methods of carrying the same into practical effect,
we wish it to be understood that we do not claim any of the ordinary and
well-known parts of looms exhibited in connexion with our improvements,
excepting in so far as these or any of them are indispensable for working the
same; but in this our Specification of Letters Patent granted unto us as
aforesaid, the claims which we make for novelty of invention are,-
Firstly, the arrangementsdescribed, orany modification thereof,forapplying
or detaching a brake in connexion with the fly wheels of power looms:
Secondly, the several and peculiar mechanical arrangements illustrated in
the Drawings, and herein described, or any mere modification of the same, by
which loose reed looms are made equal to weaving cloth of any strength
required by locking the reed when beating up, and causing it to swivel loose
in the slay cap when the shuttle misses boxing.
Thirdly, the peculiar arrangement described and illustrated in relation to
the bowls and treadles, and any modification thereof or mechanical equivalent
therefor, by which a variable pattern may be produced on the surface of a
fabric by motion transmitted from the ordinary tappet or second motion
shaft to a series of revolving bowls acting upon a series of treadles whose
relative positions to each other may be varied according to the nature of the
pattern required, as also the use in connection therewith of steel springs or
other elastic substitutes for restoring and raising the healds to their positions.
The whole of which being to the best of our knowledge and belief new, and
never before practised in that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, we deliver this as our true and faithful
Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Harrison, William Harrison,
and John Oddie, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth
day of August, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.

page_text: AN BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of August, in the year
of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Joseph Harrison, William Harrison, and
John Oddie came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.