IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE AND TERRY FABRICS."
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Toye, of No. 42, Gloucester Street, Queen
Square, Middlesex, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE AND TERRY FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Toye at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1855.
I, CHARLES TOYE, of No. 42, Gloucester Street, Queen Square, Middlesex,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE AND TERRY FABRICS" to be as follows:-
My Invention has relation to improvements in looms for the manufacture
of two pile or two terry fabrics at the same time, and consists in the arrange-
ment of a frame with an adjusting bar, and a carrier heddle between the reed
and the ordinary heddles of the loom to regulate and control the distance
between the two fabrics, and the length of pile when cut pile fabrics are
intended to be made, and the height of the terries when two terry fabrics
are intended to be made. The frame I make use of is fixed behind the
reed, and is moved with it, and contains a series of wires or dents, corre-
sponding with the dents in the recd, and is moveable up and down in grooves
arranged for that purpose. In every alternate space between the wires or
dents in the frame (through which spaces the warps of the under fabric
are passed) is placed a blank or stop, and the warps of the upper fabric are

page_text: passed through the other spaces and the carrier heddle; upon opening
the sheds in the ordinary way, the two fabrics are prevented from being
drawn together, and an equal distance is preserved between them by
means of the blanks or stops and adjustable bar. In making pile fabrics
intended to be cut, I make use of two printed or other pile warps, and proceed
in the usual way pursued when two fabrics are made at the same time,
preserving the regular distance between them and the lenghth of pile by means
of the aforesaid frame and apparatus. In making two terry fabrics, I make
use of two printed or other terry warps, and preserve the distance between the
fabrics in like manner; but upon crossing the terry warps, instead of fastening
them, as in making the two pile fabrics into each of the fabrics, I introduce
a wire into the shed, and bring back each terry warp over the wire to its own
body, where it is fastened in the usual way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Toye in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
January 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TOYE, of No. 42, Gloucester Street, Queen Square, Middlesex, Mechanic,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Toye, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Toye, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Toye, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during.
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS.
FOR WEAVING PILE AND TERRY FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others).
that I, the said Charles Toye, by an instrument in writing under my hand,
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Toye, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, in which similar parts
are marked with similar letters or figures of reference (that is to say):-
My Invention of improvements in looms for the manufacture of two pilo or
two terry fabrics at the same time consists,-
Firstly, in the construction and application to a loom for weaving or
manufacturing pile or terry fabrics (whether by hand or mechanical power) of
two frames. In one of these frames (which I call the adjusting frame)
is placed a series of wires or dents, with blanks or stops in every alternate
space between them, and to which frame is affixed an adjusting bar. In the
other of these frames (which I call the beddle frame or carrier heddle frame)
is placed a carrier heddle. These frames are placed between the reed and the
ordinary heddles of the loom to regulate and control the distance between the
backs, bodies, or foundations of the double woven fabric which is intended
to be formed into two fabrics, either by the cutting of the pile, or withdrawing
a terry wire or wires upon which the terries have been formed. The frames
will in this way regulate the length of the pile or terries of the fabrics intended
to be made.
And, secondly, in the addition to such a loom as I have described of a terry
wire or terry wires, together with apparatus for working the same of any
ordinary description, so that the loom may be capable of manufacturing two
looped or terry fabrics at the same time, the loops or terries of both fabrics
being simultaneously formed over the same wire or wires. The two frames
are placed immediately behind the reed, and are moved backwards and
forwards with the batten, to which I prefer that they should be attached, and
both frames have an upward and downward motion in grooves or guides, or
by means of connecting rods arranged for that purpose. The adjusting frame
contains a series of wires or dents, with spaces or slits between them corre-
sponding in guage laterally with the wires or dents of the reed, and the spaces
or slits between those dents, and in the upper part of every alternate space or
slit between the wires of such frame is placed a blank or stop. In the heddle
frame is fixed a carrier heddle. In this frame a series of wires or dents,
similar to those fixed in the adjusting frame, with blanks or stops placed
in the lower part of every alternate space or slit, may be used, but I prefer
making use of a carrier heddle. Having placed the adjusting frame with the
aljusting bar behind the batten, and as near to the reed as convenient, and
having placed the other frame at a short distance behind the adjusting frame,.

page_text: I pass the ground warp threads of the upper fabric through the long eyes or
loops of the carrier heddle frame, and through those spaces between the wires
in the adjusting frame which are without stops, and through the reed to form
the body of the upper fabric, and I pass the ground warp threads of the under
fabric through the harness of the carrier heddle frame, and through the spaces
of the adjusting frame in which stops are placed, and the reed to form the
body of the under fabric, one set of warps of each fabric being passed through
the same space or slit of the reed. Upon the batten beating up to the bodies
of the two fabrics, the adjusting frame is brought down and the carrier heddle
frame is raised, so that the two fabrics are prevented from being drawn together,
and the required distance between them is preserved by means of the blanks
or stops and adjusting bar. After the operation of beating up, the adjusting
frame is raised and the heddle frame lowered, so as to permit the opening
of the sheds in the ordinary manner. In making pile fabrics with printed
warps which are intended to be cut, I make use of two pile warps, with the
same pattern printed on each, and proceed to weave them up in the follow-
ing manner-I place the two printed warps upon the same beam or upon
separate beams, so that during the operation of weaving, an equal and
similar portion of the pattern printed on each warp shall be given off at the
same time. I pass both such warps from their respective heddles through
the carrier heddle, and also through the spaces without stops in the adjusting
frame and the reed, and fasten one of such pile warps into the groundwork,
body, or foundation of the upper fabric, and fasten the other of such pile warps
into the groundwork, body, or foundation of the under fabric; and as one
pile warp is raised into the upper fabric, where it is tied by the weft in the
usual way, the other pile warp is depressed into the lower fabric, and there
tied in liko manner. A pile is thus formed of the same portions of the
pattern printed on each pile warp between the two fabrics, the backs, bodies,
or foundations of which are formed in the usual manner of weaving two pile
fabrics at the same time. In making plain pile fabrics, or fabrics with a pile
of one uniform color, intended to be cut, I make use of one or two pile warps
of the color required, as I find most convenient. In using two pile warps of
the same color, I proceed with them in the same manner as I have above
described in making two figured pile fabrics; and in using a single pile
warp, I proceed in the ordinary way of weaving double pile fabrics with one
pile warp in each of such cases preserving an equal distance between
the backs, bodies, or foundations of the fabrics being woven, and an equal
length of pile by means of the aforesaid frames and apparatus. By using two
pile warps instead of one, I am enabled to bind or secure the pile more firmly

page_text: to the backs, bodies, or foundations of the fabrics, and to produce a richer and
firmer pile with the same quantity of pile warp.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood, I have annexed
hereto several Sheets of Drawings; in which, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical
section of an ordinary power loom, with my improvements applied thereto;
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the same; Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section
of the loom, (taken between the adjusting and carrier heddle frames a and d,)
shewing the back of the batten with the frame and adjusting bar; Fig. 4 is
a detached view of the heddle frame, containing the carrier heddle; Figs. 5
and 6 are enlarged representations of portions of the batten and frame with
the adjusting bar and heddle frame, drawn in different working positions; and
Fig. 7 is an enlarged representation of portions of the batten, adjusting, and
heddle frames with the adjusting bar. The same letters of reference are used
to indicate similar parts in all these Figures.
A, A, and A* indicate the warp beams; B, B*, are the ordinary heddles;
and C is the batten. Within the batten and immediately behind its reed
is placed the sliding adjusting frame a, provided with its wires or dents and
stops a, which is moved up and down at suitable intervals by the cam b
and levers' c, c. Behind the adjusting framo a is placed the heddle frame d,
also attached to the batten. The wires or dents of the adjusting frame a
and the spaces between those wires correspond in guage (laterally) with
those of the reed of the batten C. The upper part of each alternate space
between the wires or dents a* of the frame a is provided with a stop, or is
made shorter than the other spaces, for the purpose of keeping down the
ground warpse of the lower fabric (see Figs. 6 and 7), when the batten
beats up the longer spaces at the same time allow the warps of the upper
fabric to be drawn upwards by the carrier heddle in the frame d to the
adjusting bar f, which, by means of slots or grooves in the frame, and screws
with nuts, or by any other suitable means, being set at any suitable height
above the top of the shorter spaces, will determine the distance between the
two fabrics, and also preserve an equal length of pile. The ground warps of
the upper fabric are at the same time prevented from being drawn down
to the lower ground warps e by the carrier heddle frame d, which is caused to
rise as the frame a descends by means of a cam actuating the levers and rods
g, h, i, and j; and as the batten is drawn back, the adjusting frame a rises
and the carrier heddle frame & descends to their respective positions, shewn in
Fig. 5, in order to allow the shed to be opened for, the passage of the shuttles.
I have not thought it necessary particularly to describe any method for giving
motion to or working the shuttles, as that may be done in the ordinary manner;

page_text: but I prefer, in making the double cloth, which is intended to be severed so as
to form two pile fabrics, to use the double shuttle box and to throw both
shuttles at the same time.
A length or piece of double fabric having been woven, may be removed
from the loom, and the pile which unites the fabrics cut by any cutter or
machine now used for separating two fabrics woven together in this manner.
If preferred, the ordinary means of cutting the pile as the weaving proceeds
may be adopted.
In the manufacture of two looped or terry fabrics at the same time, I make
use of two printed or other terry warps, which I prefer to place upon one
beam; but the same may be placed upon separate beams, and pass the said
terry warps through their respective heddles and the reed into the bodies of
the two fabrics intended to be woven, which bodies I form in the usual way
of weaving double woven fabrics. Upon crossing the terry warps, by sinking
the terry warps of the upper fabric and raising those of the under fabric, I
introduce a wire into the shed thus formed and beat it up to the work; I then
bring back each terry warp over the wire to its own body, where it is fastened
in the usual way, the frames and apparatus herein-before described preserving
an equal distance between the backs or bodies of the fabrics, and thus regu-
lating the lengths of the terries or loops of both fabrics which are formed
simultaneously upon or over the same wires.
A method which may be adopted in carrying out this part of my Invention
is shewn in the Drawings hereto annexed. In these Drawings, Figure 8 is a
front view of a power loom with the aforesaid frames and apparatus; Fig. 9
is a transverse vertical section of the same; Fig. 10 is a horizontal section,
taken in the dotted line 1, 2, of Fig. 9. In those Figures the parts of the
loom which have already been described are (so far as they are shewn) marked
with the same letters and figures of reference as in the Figures herein-before
mentioned, and those parts therefore need not be here further described. The
batten C is provided at each end with an upper and a lower shuttle box F and
F*,
and also with two shuttles G, G*, one for each fabric. H, H, are the two
take-off' rollers; I is the take-up roller; K, the crank shaft; and L, the tappet
shaft, upon which are mounted the tappets M that operate the picking sticks
N, N. These picking sticks, it will be seen, are connected to a wheel O on
the shaft P by means of straps Q, and when the tappets M strike an arm R
projecting from the shaft P, the wheel O by means of the straps Q causes the
sticks N to strike the upper and lower shuttles at the same instant, and drive
them in opposite directions through both sheds at the same time.
I will now proceed to describe an arrangement of mechanism which may be

page_text: adopted for introducing the wires into and withdrawing them from the fabric.
kk, are two oscillating frames, one on each side of the loom, and mounted
on axles 1, 1, below, fixed to the stationary framing m, m, attached to the main
frame of the loom. In the upper part of the frames k, k, are cut grooves,
in which the slides n, 'n, work, and to arms projecting from the slides are
attached the terry wires o, o. p, p, are levers, connected below to the slides n, n,
and above by knuckle joints to the shafts 9, q, which turn in brackets pro-
jecting from the loom. These shafts q, q, are connected by rods r, r, to levers
S, S, and by means of the cams t, t, on the shaft L acting upon the levers S, S,
cause the slides, through the agency of the parts just described, to introduce
and withdraw the wires. Just previous to the introduction of a wire (and
as the batten recedes after a beat-up from the position shewn by dots in Fig. 9),
a change is effected in the position of the warps, and a shed is formed for
receiving the wire, as shewn in Fig. 11. All the ground warps that form the
body of the upper fabric and the terry warps of the lower fabric being raised,
and the warps that form the body of the lower fabric and the terry warp of
the upper fabric being depressed, as the batten thus recedes, the frame k
with the wire is caused to follow the batten, so as to bring the wire opposite
the open part of the shed. This is effected by means of a cam u on the
shaft L acting upon a lever v, which by means of the rod w causes the frame k
to move towards the batten into a convenient position for the introduction of
the wire into the shed, as shewn at o, Fig. 11, which having been done, the
frame immediately returns to its former position, followed by the batten, which
beats the wire up to the fabric. Another change now takes place, the upper
terry warp being raised and the lower terry warp depressed, as shewn at
Fig. 12; and by means of the wefts bound into their respective bodies, thus
forming two sets of loops upon a single wire at the same time and at one
operation, the wire when required being withdrawn from the work in the usual
way. A cut or lift, as it is technically termed, for operating the heddles, is
shewn at Fig. 13; and at Figs. 14 and 15 are shewn the shape of the cams
t and u for operating the parts connected with the introducing and withdrawing
the wires. Although I have shewn a particular mode of introducing and
withdrawing wires into the shed, any of the ordinary modes used for intro-
ducing and withdrawing the wires may be adopted in lieu of that which I have
described.
Having now described my Invention of improvements in weaving cut pile
and terry fabrics, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I
wish it to be understood, that except the adjusting frame, adjusting bar, and
heddle frame, herein-before described, I do not intend to claim the loom or

page_text: any of the apparatus or parts herein-before described separately or apart from
the use or application thereof in performing my Invention; but that I do claim
as of my Invention,―
Firstly, the construction and arrangement of looms for weaving pile or terry
fabrics with frames and apparatus for regulating and adjusting the distance
between two such fabrics and the length of the pile or terries thereof as they
are woven together in the same loom, as herein-before described.
And, secondly, the construction and arrangement of similar looms for
weaving two terry or looped fabrics at the same time, with such apparatus as
herein-before mentioned, or any other convenient apparatus, for inserting terry
wires, so that the terries or loops of both fabrics may be simultaneously formed
over the same wires, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Toye, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Eighteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
CHARLES TOYE. (L.S.)