IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVETS, IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF, AND IN MACHINES FOR CLENCHING THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVETS, IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF,
AND IN MACHINES FOR CLENCHING THE SAME." A communication from
abroad by Quincy Edward Packard, of the City of Montreal, Canada.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1882.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex.
RIVETS, IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF, AND IN MACHINES FOR CLENCHING
THE SAME." A communication from abroad by Quincy Edward Packard, of the
City of Montreal, Canada.
This Invention has reference in the first place to the construction and manufacture
of rivets for holding the seams (and other portions without seams if required) of
leather fabrics and other similar substances together.
It is arranged to obviate the necessity of punching a hole first to put the rivet
into, and that of, by punching said hole, a portion of the material is removed; it
also gives a better form of rivet for clenching, and one that may be inserted and
clenched by one stroke of a press, die, or machine.
In the second place this Invention has reference to a machine by which the said
rivets may be inserted by one stroke of the said machine.
I will now first describe the rivet and its manufacture, and afterwards the said
machine.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed similar letters of reference indicate like parts,
and Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the rivet as it is passed through two plies of
material but not clenched; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of Fig, 1 showing the rivet
clenched; Fig. 3 is a plan. of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the rivet as first
formed; Fig. 5 is a plan of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 shows the milling tool by which the
rivets shown in Figs. 4 and 5 are reduced to that shown in Figs. 1 and 3; Fig. 7
shows the formation of the surface of clenching tool; Fig. 8 shows the holes made
by the rivet in the material it is used in or to attach.

page_text: Letter A (Figs. 4 and 5) is a rivet of ordinary configuration made solid and
in one piece having a head E, as shown, or of any other desired configuration. The
body of this rivet A is cut by the milling tool A', shown in Fig. 6. This consists
of three cutters of the configuration of circular saws, and by the two spaces between
the three cutters when they operate on the rivet, which it is caused to do in any
ordinary manner, in which no Invention is claimed, they leave the two projections B
by the centre cutter removing the centre portion of the rivet and forming the slot
or cut D; at the same time the outer cutters remove the outer portions of the body
of the rivet beyond the aforesaid projections B, indicated by dotted arcs of the
circle, see Fig. 3.
The rivets formed as above set forth are applied to the material by the machine
hereinafter described, although others also may be used, the bed die of which is in
this case formed into the clenching tool, so that when the upper die comes down the
ends of the projections B, which are held or placed on the material in the position
they are to pass through, are forced through the said material and clenched as they
come out on the other side of it, as shown in Fig. 2.
Thus it will be seen that only two small openings F, as shown in Fig. 8, are
formed in the material, and that no portion is actually removed or cut out, so that
should the rivets or a rivet require to be removed the material will be all there,
which is a great advantage in some cases to what it would be if a portion were
removed.
This rivet and the above method of using it also saves the time required in
punching the holes to put other rivets in by being self entering, and further saves
time by being clenched as it passes through the material.
I will now describe the aforesaid machine for inserting and clenching the rivets;
this is illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.
Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 10 is a front elevation of Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a side elevation of part of the machine with one half of the socket for
holding the rivets removed; Fig. 12 is a front elevation of Fig. 11, but showing
both halves of the socket, one half is however shown in section on line x, Fig. 14;
Fig. 13 is a side elevation of half of the socket; Fig. 14 is a plan of the socket.
Letter A' is any suitable frame work for holding or attaching the working or
acting parts of the machine upon; this is preferably provided with a base B₁ for
attaching to any desired stand or bench, &c. The frame A' is provided with two
eyes C and D for holding an upright spindle or plunger E'; these said eyes form
bearing guides for the vertical plunger to move freely up and down through.
In the lower end of the plunger a socket is formed for the reception of a die F,
which is secured in the said socket by a pinching screw G¹ or other ordinary device
for that purpose. To the top of the plunger E are attached side links H¹, one on
each side, as shown, by which the said plunger is connected with a lever I', a pivot
pin K attaching the lever to the projections L' of the frame A¹ and forming the
fulcrum of the said lever.
The lever and frame may be provided with projections M¹ to govern the amount
that the plunger E¹ may be lifted. The back extremity of the lever I¹ is attached
or connected with any ordinary foot lever or treadle arranged with a counter balance,
so that when the end of the foot lever is pressed down by the foot of the operator,
the back end of the lever I¹ is raised and the plunger El caused to descend. The
said counter balance will cause the lever I' to fall again, bringing the projections M¹
together. The above mentioned means of operating the said lever I are not shown
in the Drawings because no Invention is claimed in them, and they are of so
common a form that the mere. mention of them is enough to give a full under-.
standing of what is required. Furthermore there so many ordinary ways of
working the lever I', all of which will answer the purpose, that I do not wish it to
be understood that I confine myself to any particular one of them.
Returning now to the die F', it is provided at its lower extremity with a reduced
part N and has a chamfer O¹, as shown. The bottom surface of F¹ is provided
with a concavity agreeing with, or else being more concave than, the convexity of

page_text: the head of the rivet; this is illustrated in Fig. 11 by showing the bottom end of N¹
in section.
To D' is attached a steadiment P¹; this consists of a square bar, on which a slide
or neck R¹ slides freely up and down, being secured at the desired height by an
ordinary screw S. R¹ is provided with, a projection T, to which on each side is
attached at A by screws B³ a spring plate C; to these are attached the socket
made in two halves D2 and provided with a recess E³, one half of which is in each
half D³, as shown in Fig. 13. The said recess is made smaller at the bottom, and
these differences of size will be made to agree with the rivet F2, shown in Fig. 11,
so that the larger part of it is the right size for the head of the rivet to slide freely
in, and the contracted part for the shanks to slide freely in; thus the rivet is held
in a vertical position upon the plies of material G2 into which it is to be inserted
and clenched.
In Fig. 12 the part of the rivet that is shown by the removal of a portion of one
of the halves D³ is delineated in solid black to make it the more conspicuous.
The material into which the rivets are to be inserted and clenched is first put in
position on the bed die H³, the clenching surface of which is shown in Figs. 7 and 9,
the rivets are fed to the recess E2 head upwards as required, and the material move
to the places they are to be inserted at.
In Figs. 11 and 12 the rivet F2 is shown in place, and the die F' as having
descended upon it. Now if the die continue its downward motion, it will first force
the projections of the rivet into the material, and then the chamfer O' coming into
the recess E wedges the two parts D2 apart, so that the head of the rivet may freely
pass by the contracted part of the recess E³.
The parts D are attached to the spring plates C2 by screws L³, so that for
various proportion and sizes of rivets the parts D* (and the die F¹ also) may be
changed.
What I claim as new and wish to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:-
1st. As an improved article, a rivet having a solid flanged head provided with
fastening prongs arranged in relation to the head of the rivet, substantially as shown
and described.
2nd. That improvement in the art of manufacturing rivets consisting in cutting
out or removing portions of the solid shank of a rivet, leaving a solid head with
attaching prongs, all substantially as shown and described.
3rd. The combination of the die F', socket made in two parts D2, and provided
with recess E and bed die A², constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as
shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal. this Nineteenth day of January AD 1882