IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE STRAPS OR DRIVING BANDS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Isidore Toussaint, of the Rue du
Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, in the Republic of France, Industrial,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE
STRAPS OR DRIVING BANDS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION
4
Sealed the 15th May 1874, and dated the 19th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Isidore Toussaint
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th November 1873.
I, CHARLES ISIDORE TOUSSAINT, of the Rue du Faubourg St. Denis,
Paris, in the Republic of France, Industrial, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
COMPOSITE STRAPS OR DRIVING BANDS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION AND ADAPTATION OF MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH,'
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the first place of certain improvements in
the manufacture of composite straps or driving bands and other articles

page_text: in which india-rubber, gutta percha, or other resinous and plastic
substances are employed, and whereby all the disadvantages attendant
upon and resulting from the existence of longitudinal seams and joints
in such articles as previously constructed are entirely avoided.
In the case of a strap of six thicknesses a strip of non-vulcanised
india-rubber or other suitable substance is taken and entirely enclosed in
a cover of textile material having warp and woof, but entirely seamless,
having the form of a flattened tube (and manufactured with cotton, flax,
hemp, or other fibrous material, as herein-after mentioned), thus obtain-
ing two thicknesses of band or strap without join or seam. The composite
strap thus formed is then coated with india-rubber, and a second covering
of the seamless cloth placed around it, thus producing four thicknesses,
a similar operation being performed in order to produce the last two
thicknesses. The process having been completed a final coating of india-
rubber may be added or not, according to the use for which the strap or
belt is intended. The strap or belt is then finished by being pressed
and vulcanised, and then presents one complete and seamless whole.
If the strap or belt is to have three, five, seven, nine, or any odd
number of thicknesses the first or odd fold or layer of cotton or other
textile fabric is placed in the centre as a core or nucleus of the strap,
and having been coated on both sides with india-rubber it is then
covered with successive layers of seamless tissue until the desired thick-
ness is obtained.
The method of manufacture before described obviates all the disad-
vantages arising from seams or joins in ordinary straps or belts, whether
the same are external only or both internal and external. Splitting is
entirely prevented, and the absence of seams or joins greatly increases
the resistance, which is uniform at all parts, and as the force of tension
meets with no weak point the wear and tear no longer takes place upon
any single spot, as hitherto has been the case.
Another advantage resulting from this Invention is that when by
continual use the two outer folds of the strap or belt are at length worn
out they may be removed, and the strap or belt used without them, or a
fresh coating of india-rubber may be applied to the inner folds or layers,
and a new seamless wrapping substituted for the same, thus renewing
the strap or belt without the necessity of throwing away the inner
portion, as has hitherto been the case.

page_text: purpose and acted upon by a regulator actuated by any of the well known
mechanical arrangements.
Although the above description is confined to the mode of manu-
facturing and adapting a covering without any longitudinal seam to
driving straps or bands it is obvious that the principle of manufacture
and the mechanism employed are applicable to a variety of other articles
and purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Isidore Toussaint in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
ISIDORE TOUSSAINT, of the Rue du Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Industrial, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Isidore Toussaint, Her
special licence that I, the said Charles Isidore Toussaint, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Isidore
Toussaint, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE STRAPS OR DRIVING
BANDS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF
MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Isidore Toussaint, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Isidore Toussaint, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:
This Invention consists in the first place of certain improvements in
the manufacture of composite straps or driving bands and other articles
in which india-rubber, gutta percha, or other resinous and plastic
substances are employed, and whereby all the disadvantages attendant
upon and resulting from the existence of longitudinal seams and joints
in such articles as previously constructed are entirely avoided.
In the case of a strap of six thicknesses a strip of non-vulcanised
india-rubber or other suitable substance is taken and entirely enclosed
in a cover of textile material, having warp and woof, but entirely
seamless, having the form of a flattened tube (and manufactured with
cotton, flax, hemp, or other fibrous material, as herein-after mentioned),
thus obtaining two thicknesses of band or strap without joint or seam, as
shewn in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings. The composite strap
thus formed is then coated with india-rubber, and a second covering of
the seamless cloth placed around it, thus producing four thicknesses, as
shewn in Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings, a similar operation
being performed in order to produce the last two thicknesses, as shewn
in Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawings. The process having been
completed a final coating of india-rubber may be added or not, according
to the use for which the strap or belt is intended. The strap or belt is
then finished by being pressed and vulcanised, and then presents one
complete and seamless whole.
If the strap or belt is to have three, five, seven, nine, or any odd
number of thicknesses the first or odd fold or layer of cotton or other
textile fabric is placed in the centre as a core or nucleus of the strap,
and having been coated on both sides with india-rubber it is then
covered with successive layers of seamless tissue until the desired
thickness is obtained, as shewn in Figure 4 of the accompanying
Drawings.
The method of manufacture before described obviates all the disad-

page_text: the same are external only or both internal and external. Splitting is
entirely prevented, and the absence of seams or joins greatly increases
the resistance, which is uniform at all parts, and as the force of tension
meets with no weak point the wear and tear no longer takes place upon
any single spot, as hitherto has been the case.
Another advantage resulting from this Invention is that when by
continual use the two outer folds of the strip or belt are at length worn
out they may be removed, and the strap or belt used without them, or a
fresh coating of india-rubber may be applied to the inner folds or layers,
and a new seamless wrapping substituted for the same, thus renewing.
the strap or belt without the necessity of throwing away the inner
portion, as has hitherto been the case.
It is manifest that straps or belts having but one envelope, interior or
exterior, may be manufactured in accordance with this Invention of one
single thickness of seamless cloth, if required or if desirable, for the sake
of cheapness.
This Invention further consists of certain improvements in the con-
struction and adaptation of machinery to be employed in the manufac-
ture of the seamless textile fabrics before mentioned.
The healds or harnesses used in ordinary looms are replaced by frames
furnished with reeds, the latter being of iron, wood, or any other
resisting material, and having a needle hole or eye near the point in
order to carry the warp threads, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6 of the
accompanying Drawings. The loom is provided with four similar frames,
which fit into grooves formed upon the standards of the loom.
The frames are respectively connected by means of cords, which pass
over small pulleys shewn at B in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings, and are actuated by treaddles shewn at D in Figures 5 and 6
of the Drawings, by which the frames are alternately raised and lowered,
as will be well understood.
The grooves in which the said frames respectively work are so disposed
that when the loom is standing still there may be a sufficient distance
between the reeds of the respective frames to admit the passage of the
strap or belt intended to be covered with seamless tissue.
Two of the frames carry the warp threads which cover the upper side
of the strap or belt and the upper half of its thickness, and the warp

page_text: Figure 6 is a common loom fitted with the said frames and other
appliances, as above mentioned. A is the frame; B are the pulleys,
over which pass the cords connecting the frames; C, the reed with the
opening for the passage of the band whilst being covered with the
seamless tissue; D are the treddles; and E the drum carrying the band |
to be covered.
Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the reed with the opening for the
passage of the band.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe
in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent are,-
First. The methods above described of manufacturing composite
straps or driving bands, substantially as herein-before described and set
forth.
And, Secondly. The combination, adaptation, and use with the
common loom of the four frames (shewn at A in the accompanying
Drawings) furnished with reeds having near the point an eyelet hole or
eye to carry the warp threads, and also a reed having in its centre an
opening corresponding with the breadth and thickness of the strap or
band which passes through the said opening prior to being covered
with the seamless web before described, substantially as herein-before
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Isidore Toussaint, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.