IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis William Webb, of Crewe, in the County
of Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS
OR MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 26th July 1864, and dated the 3rd February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis William Webb
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd February 1864.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM WEBB, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS I
TOOLS OR MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
My improvements 'have for their object the cutting, or forming of curved
surfaces, when the curves of such surfaces are segments of: a circle, and when
the article: operated upon cannot be conveniently moved, to produce the
required curve, by a stationary cutting tool, and my Invention consists. in
placing: a cutting(tool in a lever, the fulcrum of the lever being adjustable as
well as the distance; between the fulcrum of: the lever and cutting tool, and in
giving reciprocating motion to this lever so that the cutting tool will oscillate
in the segment of a circle and form a cut or curve. corresponding to the
radius of the cutter from the fulcrum of the lever, the article operated
upon being fed forward after each cut to bring fresh: surface to be operated
upon.

page_text: My Invention further consists in causing the cutting tool to rotate or
partly rotate upon an axis having its bearing in the lever which gives
motion to it, so as to be able to round off corners in the article operated
upon.
My improvements are applicable to and are combined with slotting and 5
shaping machines, the lever carrying the cutter being actuated by a rod
connecting it to the reciprocating slide or ram of the slotting or shaping
machine.
My improved machinery is particularly applicable for shaping the inner
rims of railway wheels, which may be placed on the table of a slotting machine 1
and rotated to bring forward fresh surface after each cut.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francis William Webb in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
'1st August 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS: SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
WILLIAM WEBB, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent, Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Francis William Webb, Her special license that I, the said Francis
William Webb, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Francis' William Webb, my executors, administrators; and
assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the. United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel. Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS OR MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING METALS
AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others).that I, the said
Francis William Webb, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe, and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed; and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis William Webb,. do hereby
déclare that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying two Sheets of Drawings (that
is to say):-
.
My improvements have for their object the cutting or forming of curved
*surfaces when the curves of such surfaces are segments of a circle, and when
the article operated upon cannot be conveniently moved, to produce the
-required curve-by a stationary cutting-tool, and my Invention consists in
placing a cutting tool in a lever, the fulcrum of the lever being adjustable-as
well as the distance between the fulcrum of the lever and cutting tool, and in
giving reciprocating motion to this lever so that the cutting tool will oscillate
in the segment of a circle and form a cut or curve corresponding to the
radius of the cutter from the fulcrum of the lever, the article being. fed
forward after each cut to bring fresh surface to be operated upon.
My Invention further consists in causing the cutting tool to rotate or
partly rotate upon an axis having its bearing in the lever, which gives
motion to it so as to be able to round off corners in the article operated
upon.
.
My improvements are applicable to and are combined with slotting and
shaping machines, the lever carrying. the cutter being actuated by a rod
connecting it to the reciprocating slide or ram of the slotting or shaping
machine:
My improved machinery is particularly applicable for shaping the inner rims
of railway wheels, which may be placed on the table of a slotting machine and
rotated to bring forward fresh surface after each cut.
A special machine may be arranged for this purpose by combining the
slotting machine table with the lever carrying, the .cutting tool worked by a
crank. The lever carrying the cutting tool may be mounted so as to traverse
laterally to come upon fresh surface 'after each cut, and the article operated
upon may be stationary or moved to and from the cutter to suit the form of
the article required.
:
. The manner in which my Invention is carried into effect is illustrated by
the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 is a front elevation of 'a slotting
machine having my improvements applied to it.
A is the frame of the machine. a is the slide upon which the table (b) is
placed, both being arranged and worked in the ordinary manner; c are driving
pulleys upon a shaft (c) having a pinion (c) gearing with a wheel (c³) on ar

page_text: shaft d, upon one end of which a disc is fixed which carries an adjustable radius
pin (d) that is jointed. with one end of a rod (d³), the other: end. being
jointed with a vertical slide or ram (d³), giving it reciprocating movements.
The parts described are the ordinary and well-known parts of a slötting
machine.
-**
J
In applying my improvement a bracket (e) is secured upon the bed of the
lower slide, as shewn; this bracket carries an axis (e'), upon which.a.bent
lever () is mounted, one end of this lever is jointed with one end of a rod (³),
the other end being jointed with an adjustable stud in the Tram (d), conse-
quently oscillating movements are given to the lever (³). In one end of the
lever (e) a bearing is formed, the axis of which is in the plane of the lever's
motion, and in this bearing the holder (e) is placed, in which the cutter. (*)
is secured. The upper end of the cutter holder (e'). has a worm. wheel: (e')
secured upon it, which is geered with a worm. on a short cross shaft:(e).
having bearings in a fork, or in. projections from the lever (*): The: short
'shaft has a toothed wheel upon it, which may be. rotated by a reversible pawl
jointed upon a léver (not shewn) centered: on the shaft, so that the cutter
holder (e) may be self-acted in either direction, if required; in the usual
manner to change the position of the cutter after each cut. The cutter (³) is
secured in the holder as shewn, it is adjustable to a greater or less distance
from the axis of the holder.. By this means the radius of the curve of the cút
may be increased or diminished. The machine as shewn in the Drawings.is
supposed to be operating upon the rim of a wheel which is secured upon the
table of the machine. The wheel can be adjusted to the cutter by means of
the upper slide (a), but where the table has merely rotatory movements the
brackets (e) may be adjusted to and from the work. The lever (e) may be
made of such form as to suit the work to be operated upon.
Fig. 8' is an end view, Fig. 4' a side view, and Fig. 5 a plan view, of a
machine according to my Invention, intended specially for shaping the inner
sides of the rims of wheels. A is the bed or frame of the machine'; a; the
slide carrying the table. These parts are fitted up in the same manner as in
the slotting machine. The bracket (e) carrying the lever (e³) is secured to
the bed A, and can be adjusted to and from the wheel to be operated upon.
The cutter holder end of the lever (e) is arranged same as that shewn.in
Fig. 1 and 2, but in this case the lever has a slotted arm as shewn, and in
this slot a sliding block is fitted which is placed upon an adjustable radius
pin (d'), secured in á slot in a disc fixed on the end of a shaft (d); having
bearings in a bracket.secured to the bed; this shaft geers by the wheel and c
with another shaft (c) having bearings in the same bracket, which shaft has

page_text: the fast and loose pulleys (c), upon its end, upon which the belt works that
drives the machine. Two or more levers (e³) may be combined together to
form one machine, so as to operate upon the same wheel at the same time.
In this case the table for the wheel need not be placed on a slidė (a), bút
may be fixed in position, except as to rotation, and the brackets (e) for each
lever,, together with the bearings for the driving shafts (c and d), may be
mounted on a slide, so that the whole can be adjusted to and from the wheel
to, be operated upon, a separate driving belt being used in this case for each
lever (e). Fig. 6 is a detached view illustrating the manner in which the
lever (*) may be constructed so as to be able to adjust the radius of the
curve of the cut without altering the position of the cutter in the holder.
The lever is slotted as shewn and a block (f) is made to slide in it, which
block has an adjusting" screw (¹) passed through it so as to change the
position of the block to and from the cutter. The block has pivots or
trunnions on each side to fit a bearing formed in the bracket (e). The
lever (e) may be readily combined with the ordinary shaping machine by
mounting a bracket (e) of the required form upon the slide, which would
move in this case in a line parallel to the axis of the lever. The lever (³)
might be worked by a connecting rod from the ram of the shaping machine
or directly from the radius pin, as shewn in Figs. 3, 4, and 5; in this case
the bracket and bearing for the shaft (d) would have to be mounted upon
the slide (c), and the wheel would have to slide on the shaft (c) as in the
shaping machine. It is obvious that the lever (6) may be arranged to cut
concave as well as convex curves or surfaces.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same may be carried into effect, and claim as my
Invention,―
Firstly, the use of a lever (6³) combined with a cutter (65) for cutting or
shaping curved surfaces as herein-before described and illustrated by the
Drawings.
Secondly, the use of a rotating cutter holder (e) in combination with a
lever (), as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Thirdly, the combination of the lever and cutter with an ordinary slotting
machine as herein-before described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the
Drawings.
Fourthly, the combination of a lever and cutter with machines similar to
the ordinary "shaping machines," as herein-before described.
Fifthly, the combination of machines having one or more levers and cutters,

page_text: i
as herein-before, described and illustrated by Figs. 3, 4, and 5 of the
Drawings.
Sixthly, the mode of adjusting the fulcrum of the lever (e³) as illustrated
by Fig. 6 of the Drawings.:
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis William Webb, have hereunto 5
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
F W WEBB G