IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE EXECUTION OF MECHANICAL AND OTHER DRAWINGS to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: We GEORGE EDWARD CORY of Charlton in the County of Kent Mechanical
Draughtsman and BERNARD ARMIGER BARCZINSKY, of Albany Street, Regents
Park in the County of Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE EXECUTION
OF MECHANICAL AND OTHER DRAWINGS to be as follows:-
"
Our invention relates to apparatus for facilitating the execution of mechanical
and architectural or building drawings, or for fulfilling any of the purposes for
which the ordinary drawing board and T and set-squares are used.
Our improved apparatus may be considered practically as a drawing-board.
with T and set-squares in one, and by means of the said apparatus, drawings may
be made with as much or greater accuracy and with less trouble than with the
drawing boards and squares ordinarily used.
In carrying our invention into practice we provide a drawing board having a
groove cut along each of its vertical or right and left hand edges, to a depth of
about a quarter of an inch. In combination with the said board we arrange a
T-square which is provided with two stocks, one fixed at right angles to the blade
at one edge of the board, while the other is so constructed that it may be easily
adjusted and secured on the blade of the T-square at the opposite edge of the
board. In the vertical edge of each stock, that is to say, the edge which presses
against the edge of the board, two rollers are placed, running on pivots fixed in the
stocks and so situated that the said rollers project from the edge of the stock far
enough to fit into the groove in the edge of the board and bear on the bottom of
the said groove, so that the stock and blade can be readily moved up and down
upon the board. These stocks may, if desired, be inade without the rollers, but in
this case the T-square will be more difficult to move by reason of the increased
friction;
the object of the said rollers being to reduce the friction to a minimum.
In the blade of the T-square we form two inverted T-shaped slots parallel to
each other and extending the entire length of the blade. A semi-circular plate of
brass or other suitable material is placed on the upper surface of the blade; this
plate, on its under surface, is provided with longitudinal T-pieces which are
arranged to slide in the slots in the said blade so that the semi-circular plate may
slide from one end of the T-square to the other, but cannot be lifted therefrom.

page_text: On the
This semi-circular plate is graduated around its curved side and divided into
180 degrees; on its straight edge, at a point midway between the two ends thereof,
provision is made for a small pivot to pass through; to the lower end of this pivot,
that is to say, on the end which rests on the board, a flat ruler is fixed; this ruler
may be of boxwood, brass, or other suitable material and may be divided and
graduated according to any convenient scale; on the upper end of this pivot a
hand or pointer is fixed, which pointer must be in a perfectly straight line with
the ruler, so that, when the pointer is turned in one direction the ruler will turn in
the other direction. This pointer moves over the face of the dial or plate.
upper surface of the said dial or plate, in front of the numbers or graduations
indicating the angles 30°, 60°, 45° and 90°, small cup-shaped holes or recesses are
At the other
formed; and on the pointer a flat steel spring is secured at one end.
end of this spring there is a metal button which passes through a hole in the
pointer and is adapted to enter the cup-shaped holes or recesses made in the plate.
The pointer and ruler being in one piece and moving on the aforesaid pivot,
whatever angle is indicated by the pointer the same angle will be formed by the
ruler. This arrangement therefore fulfils the purposes of set-squares of all angles.
If the draughtsman desires to adjust his ruler to any of the common angles,
viz-30°, 60°, 45°, and 90°, he has only to move the pointer in the direction of
the graduation indicating that angle and as soon as the pointer arrives at the
proper position, the button enters the hole or recess and remains there until
greater force is exerted to overcome the pressure of the spring, when the button is
forced out of the hole and the pointer is free to move again. Any other angle
than those named above can be obtained by carefully adjusting the pointer to the
particular graduation indicating the said angle. The ruler is sometimes made with
a slot in it extending throughout its entire length; one side of this slot is divided
or graduated according to any convenient scale, and a movable piece is arranged to
slide up and down in the said slot. In this sliding piece is formed a small hole to
permit the end of a pencil to be passed therethrough so that with the pivot for
their centre, semicircles of any size less than the length of the slot may be
described.
It is obvious that we may modify the construction of our improved apparatus
without departing from the nature of our said invention.
Dated this seventh day of January 1884.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicants.

page_text: moved from one end to the other of the T-square, but cannot be lifted therefrom.
The said plate is graduated as shewn at c¹ and is preferably divided into 180 degrees
so as to constitute a protractor.
A small pivot consisting of a pin or bolt D is passed through the plate C, and
to the lower end of this pivot, that is to say, to the end next the board, rigidly
attached a flat blade or ruler E having parallel edges; this ruler is made of box-
wood, brass or other suitable material and is, if desired, divided and graduated
according to any convenient scale. On the upper end of the said pivot, a hand or
pointer F is so fixed that, when the said ruler is turned in one direction, the
pointer will turn in the opposite direction. This pointer must be in a perfectly
straight line with the ruler E. The said ruler is provided with a knob or button E'
whereby it can be easily turned on its pivot D for the purpose of adjusting it to
form any desired angle with the edge of the blade B. The end of the pointer F
moves over the graduated scale c¹ on the plate C, and is marked at its centre to
facilitate the accurate adjustment of the ruler to any desired angle.
We prefer to form on the upper surface of the plate C small cup-shaped holes or
recesses c² which correspond with the numbers or graduations indicating the
angles 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°, and to insert in the pointer F a small screw f, the
point of which will enter one of the said recesses when the ruler and pointer are
adjusted to one of the said augles. Instead of this screw, we sometimes employ a
flat steel spring secured at one end to the pointer and having at its other end a
metal button or projection which passes through an aperture in the pointer and is
adapted to enter one or other of the said cup-shaped holes or recesses in the
plate C.
Or the said spring may be provided with a sharp edged blade which will
enter a narrow groove or channel in the plate C.
The pointer F and ruler E being rigidly connected and moving together on the
pivot D, the angle formed by the ruler E and the edge of the blade B will always
be indicated by the said pointer on the scale c'. The said ruler will, therefore,
serve the purposes of a number of set-squares of different angles.
If the draughtsman desires to adjust the said ruler to any of the common angles,
viz: 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°, he has only to move it so that the pointer will rotate
in the direction of the graduation indicating such angle and, as soon as the pointer
arrives at the proper position, the point of the screw f will enter the corresponding
hole or recess c₁ and thus arrest the movement of the ruler and pointer until
sufficient force is exerted to remove the point of the said screw from the hole
Or recess. The said ruler can be adjusted to any other angle than those above
named by carefully moving it until the pointer reaches the graduation indicating
the desired angle.
The said ruler and pointer will also serve for dividing a circle or a segment of a
circle into any desired number of parts.
In some cases the ruler is made with a longitudinal slot and is divided or
graduated on one side of the said slot according to any convenient scale, and a
movable piece is arranged to slide up and down in the said slot. In this sliding
piece is formed a small hole to permit the end of a pencil to be passed therethrough,
so that, with the pivot D as a centre, semi-circles of different radiį may be
described.
In Figure 8, we have shewn a slight modification of our invention, which consists
in making the hand or pointer F with an aperture f¹ through which the
graduations on the plate C are visible. The screw fis, in this case, placed outside
the graduated scale c', and the distance from the said screw to the pivot D is
greater than in the apparatus shewn in Figures 1 to 7; more force is, therefore,
requisite to remove the screw f from the holes or recesses after the ruler and
pointer have been adjusted to one of the angles corresponding with the said holes
or recesses.
It is obvious that we may somewhat further modify the construction of the
various parts of our improved apparatus without departing from the nature of our
said invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
First. The combination of a T-square provided with a fixed stock and a movable
or adjustable stock, a graduated plate free to slide to and fro upon the said
T-square, and a ruler and pointer pivotted to the said plate, all substantially as,
and for the purposes, set forth.
Second. The improved apparatus for facilitating the execution of mechanical and
other drawings, and constructed according to either of the forms or modifications
herein set forth.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicants.