Improvements in Refrigerating and Freezing Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left. 25th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 31st May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Refrigerating and Freezing Apparatus.
I, LOFTUS PERKINS, of 6 Seaford Street, Grays Inn Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate to refrigerating and freezing apparatus such as is described
in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me No. 2471 in the year 1888 and
to other apparatus in which a liquid or substance in which a gas has been absorbed
(say an ammoniacal solution) is heated in one part of the apparatus and the ammonia
thereby driven off and liquified in another part of the apparatus which is kept cool-
and in which the part previously beated is then allowed to cool and the liquified
ammonia to again evaporate (on the reduction of pressure) whereby the temperature
of the portion of the apparatus which contains it is greatly reduced.
The object of iny invention is to enable this cold to be utilised more quickly than is
now practicable and to allow of the cooling surfaces being placed at any desired
distance below the liquifier or portion of the apparatus in which the liquid ammonia
is collected so that the liquifier may if desired be outside of the place or vessel that
has to be cooled.
In apparatus of the above kind the lower part of the liquifier or portion of the
apparatus in which liquid ammonia collects always contains a certain amount of
watery solution and the whole of it becomes intensely cold when the ammonia which
floats on the top of it commences to evaporate.
This liquid upon the surface of which the ammonia floats I cause to circulate
through a system of pipes or chambers which are likewise filled with ammonia solution.
and are situated wherever it is desired to apply cold.
For this purpose I may lead downwards two or more pipes from the bottom of the
liquifier to the pipes or chambers to be cooled. When the liquified ammonia in the
liquifier commences to evaporate and the temperature of the ammonia solution below
it is thereby lowered a rapid circulation is set up through the pipes which descend.
from the liquifier-solution passing off from the liquifier by one pipe and returning
by another. By providing in this way for the more rapid application of the cold
produced by the evaporation of the liquified ammonia the apparatus is rendered much
more effective as it can be worked several times during the time in which it can now
only be worked once.
The overflow outlet by which all excess of liquid collected in the liquifier is led back
to the boiler or portion of the apparatus to which heat is applied may have liquid.
conducted to it from the lower part of the system of circulating pipes instead of from
the bottom of the liquifier.
Dated this 25th dox of July 1889
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Refrigerating and Freezing Apparatus.
1, LOFTUS PERKINS of 6 Seaford Street, Grays Inn Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My improvements relate to refrigerating and freezing apparatus such as is described
in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me No. 2471 in the year 1888 and
to other apparatus in which a liquid or substance in which a gas has been absorbed

page_text: (say an ammonical solution) is heated in one part of the apparatus and the ammonia
thereby driven off and liquified in another part of the apparatus which is kept cool
and in which the part previously heated is then allowed to cool and the liquified
ammonia to again evaporate (on the reduction of pressure) whereby the temperature
of the portion of the apparatus which contains it is greatly reduced.
The object of my invention is to enable this cold to be utilised more quickly than is
now practicable and to allow of the cooling surfaces being placed at any desired
distance below the liquifier or portion of the apparatus in which the liquid ammonia is
collected so that the liquifier may if desired be outside of the place or vessel that has
to be cooled.
In apparatus of the above kind the lower part of the liquifier or portion of the
apparatus in which liquid ammonia collects always contains a certain amount of
watery solution and the whole of it becomes intensely cold when the ammonia which
floats on the top of it commences to evaporate.
This liquid upon the surface of which the ammonia floats I cause to circulate
through a system of pipes or chambers which are likewise filled with ammonia solution
and are situated wherever it is desired to apply cold.
For this purpose I may lead downwards two or more pipes from the bottom of
the liquifier to the pipes or chambers to be cooled. When the liquified ammonia
in the liquifier commences to evaporate and the temperature of the ammonia solution
below it is thereby lowered a rapid circulation is set up through the pipes which
descend from the liquifier-solution passing off from the liquifier by one pipe and
returning by another. By providing in this way for the more rapid application of
the cold produced by the evaporation of the liquified ammonia the apparatus is
rendered much more effective as it can be worked several times during the time
in which it can now only be worked once.
The overflow outlet by which all excess of liquid collected in the liquifier is led
back to the generator or portion of the apparatus to which heat is applied may have
liquid conducted to it from the lower part of the system of circulating pipes instead of
from the bottom of the liquifier.
In order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect
I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus.
Figure a plan.
a,
Figure 3 is a cross section through the line
Figure 4 a cross section through the line c, d.
b and
In these drawings I have shewn the apparatus as being used for cooling brine or
other liquid not readily congealed contained in a tank within which vessels containing
liquids to be cooled or frozen may be placed but I do not restrict myself to this use of
the apparatus.
The apparatus shewn in the drawing is constructed in duplicate so that the
generator of one section may be heated whilst the other is being cooled.
A¹ is the generator and combiner of one section of the apparatus and A³ the
generator and combiner of the other-either of these can be heated by hot water
circulating pipes B leading from a coil in the stove C as described in the specifi-
cation above mentioned-D is a valve by which the water can either be made to
flow through the pipes used for heating the generator A' or through the pipes
used for heating the generator A-E E are pipes by which ammonia gas passes
off from the generator A' when it is heated-it is led upwards through coils of
pipes F contained within a cistern G and then downwards through other coils of
pipe F in a cistern G*-these cisterns are both kept full of cold water-H³ is
the liquifier in which the liquified gas is collected. In these respects the apparatus
is constructed as described in the specification above mentioned except in form-
H' is the liquifier or receptacle for liquified gas driven off from the generator A
when that generator is heated. The liquifier H' has descending from it pipes I

page_text: these all descend to a horizontal pipe J situated at the bottom of a tank J' con-
taining brine or other uncongealable fiquid.
From the horizontal pipe J a number of coiled pipes K rise and present con-
siderable surface to the liquid in the tank and at their upper end are led into the
liquifier H'.
The pipes I, J, K are always full of liquid ammonia or strong ammonia solution
and also the lower part of the liquifier.
When gas is driven from the generater and liquified in the liquifier it either floats
on the surface of the solution at the lower part of the liquifier or is absorbed in it.
When pressure decreases in the liquifier H¹ more heat will pass to the liquid in
the pipes K which ascend into the liquifier than to the liquid in those which
descend from it owing to the much larger surface which these pipes present and
consequently a brisk circulation will be set up through the pipes liquid descending
from the liquifier through the pipes I and rising up into it by the pipes K and
in this way heat is very rapidly abstracted from the brine in the tank.
As will be seen by the drawings the liquifier H2 has circulating pipes descending
from it and arranged just in the same way as the pipes from the liquifier H-and the
coils of pipe which rise to the liquifier H are set so that their coils are intermediate
of the coils K which rise to the liquifier H-so that in whichever liquifier gas is
being evaporated the brine will be cooled with approximate uniformity in every part.
Lis an overflow pipe passing back from the liquifiers H'H' to the generators A' A'
as described in the specification before mentioned.
M is a casing enclosing each generator.
N is a pipe by which water is conveyed to a three way cock O from which pass two
pipes one of which is led along above the generator or combiner A' and the other
above the generator or combiner A2. Both pipes are perforated so that when water is
supplied to them it trickles down over the exterior of the generator. By turning the
cock into one position water is allowed to pass to one pipe and by turning it into
another position to pass to the other pipe.
When one generator has been sufficiently heated the hot water circulation through
the pipes which traverse it is stopped by shifting the valve D and the circulation
made to pass through the pipes which traverse the other generator. At the same
time water is caused to trickle over the exterior of the generator which has ceased to
be heated and which is now to act as a combiner and is turned off from the combiner
which has commenced to be heated-P is a pipe by which any vapour produced in the
casings M may be led away.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a refrigerating or freezing apparatus the combination substantially as
described with a vessel in which liquified gas is allowed to evaporate and thereby
produce a low temperature of a system of circulating pipes (filled with liquid)
descending from the vessel and passing back to it and ranged in the chamber to be
cooled through which circulating pipes the cold liquid contents of the said vessel
circulates continuously whilst evaporation of this liquid contents is going on.
2. A refrigerating and freezing apparatus consisting of a generator and combiner
in which gas is alternately developed by heat and reabsorbed when the heat is with-
drawn, a liquifier in which the gas is alternately liquified under pressure and
evaporated when the pressure falls and a system of circulating pipes (filled with
liquid) descending from this liquifier and passing back to it and ranged in the
chamber to be cooled. The whole formning one hermetically closed system sub-
stantially as described.
1 L
1 .
C
11000
LOFTUS PERKINS.