Trees and Climbing Plants.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 15th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 27th Jan., 1888
Trees and Climbing Plants.
We ROBERT GOODWIN HAMMOND of Alan Villa Alan Road Ipswich in the County
of Suffolk, Engineer, and ROBERT WARD of No. 329 Woodbridge Road Ipswich in
the County of Suffolk Florist do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of the Fittings and Shreds as hereinafter described,
and applying the same to Walls or Buildings, or Ornamental Constructions, for
securing, and Training Fruit Trees, and Climbing Plants, witbout injury to the Walls;
or Buildings. The Fittings are as follows
(1) One Wire or combination of wires, which is, or are twisted at various distances
along its length into small buttons or knobs, to which are attached the Shreds for
holding the stems and branches of the Trees or Plants, this wire or these wires are to
be stretched along the Walls or Buildings, and permanently secured to same.
(2) One Wire or combination of wires which is, or are turned at various distances
along its length around button headed studs of metal, or other material, to these
studs are attached the Shreds as in No. 1.
(3) Two or more wires twisted together with small loops at various distances. The
Shreds holding the branches of the Trees or Plants, to be passed through the said
loops, and secured by studs or buttons in the Shreds.
(4) Wire Netting in the junction of the crossing wires of which, the wire is twisted
into small buttons or knobs, to which the Shreds as described in Nos. 1 and 2 can be
attached.
(5) Wire Netting in the junction of the crossing wires of which, small studs made of
metal or other suitable material are woven for the Shreds to be attached as aforesaid.
(6) A Lattice of bars of metal (of any section,) or any other suitable material, so
constructed that the rivets which fix together the bars, in the junction where they
cross or meet each other, are made with heads which project in the form of button
headed studs to which the Shreds can be attached. Any number of studs may be put

page_text: into this lattice, that would not necessarily form rivets for holding said lattice
together.
(7) An arrangement of flat Bars as a lattice or otherwise, with star or other shaped
perforations, the Shreds which hold the stems or branches are fitted with small studs,
at the base of which are one or more collars, the base of the studs will just pass
through the perforations of the said bars, and by turning a little will be prevented
from falling out of, or becoming detached from the said bars.
(8) An arrangement of flat bars or lattice work in the bars of which are riveted
small staples or hooks, to which can be attached the Shreds.
(9) An arrangement of flat bars or lattice work, which is pierced at various distances
by two slits or slots, near to each other, or double slotted, and the strip of metal
between the slits or slots are driven out forming loops to which the Shreds are
attached.
(10) A Lattice or arrangement of bars slotted or punched so that the parts are
not detached from the bars, but may be bent out to form spikes, knobs, or hooks to
which the Shreds may be attached.
(11) Instead of the button headed studs, or knobs described in Nos. 2. 5 and 6
spikes hooks, forks, eyelets, or looped projections may be fitted.
All the metal work may be galvanized or not as desired.
These Fittings may be permanently secured to the Walls or Buildings, with any
kind of holdfast, staples, bolts, screws, or plates as may be found convenient.
The Shreds are constructed as follows
(1) Strips of pliable Water proof, or other material, near to each end of which are
small slits or perforations, for slipping over the buttons knobs or studs.
When the Shreds are used for loops or staples as in Nos. 8 and 9 they are furnished
with a stud or button, the Shred is passed round the stem or branch of the Tree or
Plant, and one or both ends of the Shred passed through the loop or staple, and both
ends are secured by the said stud or button.
(2) Strips of pliable water proof or other material, with three or four slits or per-
forations, one at each end, and one or two at or near the centre furnished with a stud
or button, one end of the Shred is passed round or through the loop, the other end
round the branch of the Tree or Plant, and both are secured by the stud or button in
or near the centre of the Shred.
(3) Small Straps of pliable material, waterproof or otherwise, one end of which
is passed round the wire or staple or through the loop, of the Wall Fitting, then
through an opening in the centre of the shred, the two ends of the Shred are then
made to clasp the stem or branch of the Tree or Plant, and are secured by a Stud,
Button or Buckle.
(4) Strips of pliable waterproof or other material without slits or perforations, to
be applied to the spikes or hooks as described in No. 11. These Shreds are passed
round the stems or branches of the Trees or Plants, and pressed or forced on to the
spikes or hooks, the spikes or books making the perforations in the said Shreds.
Dated this 1st day of March 1887

page_text: Improvements in Wall Fittings and Shreds for Training Fruit
Trees and Climbing Plants.
We ROBERT GOODWIN HAMMOND of Alan Villa Alan Road Ipswich in the County
of Suffolk Engineer, and ROBERT WARD of No. 329 Woodbridge Road Ipswich in
the County of Suffolk Florist do hereby declare the nature of this invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN WALL FITTINGS AND SHREDS, FOR TRAINING FRUIT TREES &
CLIMBING PLANTS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of the fittings, and shreds hereinafter described, and apply-
ing the same to walls, buildings, and ornamental constructions, such as lattice, and
espalier work, arches, verandas, conservatories, or any other similar purpose, and has
for its, object the more efficient, and expeditious manner than has heretofore been done
for securing, and training fruit treets, or any other kind of trees, and climbing plants, to
walls buildings, and ornamental constructions, without nailing or tying, thus avoiding
the serious injury, done to walls and buildings by continual nailing, and entirely
supersede the objectional method of tying.
The two sheets of drawings accompanying this specification, illustrates the various
features of this invention.
The fittings are as follows, a. Figs. 1. Sheet 1. shows one wire or a combination of wires,
which is or are twisted at various distances along its length into small buttons or
knobs b. b. to which are attached the shreds c. for holding the stems or branches d. of
the trees or plants, this wire or these wires are to be stretched along the walls or
buildings, and permanently secured to same.
Figs. 2 Sheet 2 shows a short piece of wire a. twisted once or more round a main
carrying wire b. the ends of which short wire are straightened out in a line with, and
almost touching said main carrying wire, the shred c. for holding the branch of the
tree or plant to this device, is string tar-cord, taryarn, or any other suitable material,
but preferably of tar yarn, this taryarn shred. is put round the branch d. crossed and
either end of said shred is tightly drawn between the ends of said short wire, and
said main carrying wire, and firmly secured without any tying.
Any number of these short wires may be placed upon said main carrying wire, and
at any distance apart, and said main carrying wire, can be stretched along walls, or
buildings the same as Figs. 1. Sheet 1.
a. Figs. 3. Sheet 1. shows one wire or a combination of wires which is or are turned
at various distances along its length around button headed or pointed studs b. b. b.
(These studs are shown enlarged Figs. 39 & 40 Sheet 1) of metal or any other suitable
material, to these studs are attached the shreds as in Figs. 1. Sheet 1.

page_text: a Figs. 4. Sheet 1. shows two or more wires twisted together with small loops b. b. b.
at various distances, one or both ends of the shred . Figs. 5. Sheet 1. holding the
branch or branches c. Figs. 5. Sheet 1. of the trees or plants, are passed through said
loops, and secured by studs, or buttons d. in the shreds. These wires are stretched
along, and secured to walls or buildings the same as Figs. 1. Sheet 1.
Figs. 6. Sheet 2 shows wire netting in the junction of the crossing wires of which,
small studs a. a a.a. a. made of metal or any other suitable material are woven, for
the shreds b. b. to be attached, in the same manner as c.
Figs. 1. Sheet 1. In the
place of the said studs a. a. a. a. a. any of the forked base studs or fittings Figs. 7.
to 13. inclusive Sheet 1. and Figs. 14 and 15 Sheet 2. if desired are used, or fixed to
said wire netting, in any number, and on any part thereof.
In the case of plain carrying wires being used, any of the forks, studs, or fittings
with fork shaped base Figs 7. to 13. inclusive Sheet 1 and Figs. 14 and 15 Sheet 2.
are applied. These fittings are put upon the wires either before or after said wires are fixed
to walls, buildings, or ornamental constructions The wires are inserted into the forks,
the said forks are then tightly closed, or clipped on to said wires with a pair of pincers,
and firmly secured to said wires.
The stud Figs. 7. Sheet 1. shows the method of fixing the forked base; fittings to
the wires, a. shows the wire inserted before the fitting, or forked stud is closed, b.
shows the same fitting after it is closed and secured to the wire.
All the studs or fittings with forked bases are fixed to the wires in a similar
manner.
For more conveniently placing or stretching wires on to walls or buildings, margin
bars or framing Figs. 16. and 17. Sheet 2. with diagonal perforations or holes, as shown
in section a. Figs. 17 Sheet 2 are used, these margin bars, or this framing is fixed all
round or along the boundry of the part or parts of walls or buildings, that is or
are to be covered by wires, these margin bars, or this framing have any number of
perforations or holes, for stretching and securing the wires any desired distance apart,
and in any direction across, or in the space bounded by said margin bars or framing.
The object of the diagonal perforations in the above said margin bars or framing,
is to place the wires close to the face of the walls or buildings, or if desired the
perforations or holes, may be made at various angles, so as to stretch the wires any
distance required from the face of the walls or buildings.
These bars or this framing are made of any section, and of any strength.
Figs. 18. Sheet 2 shows a lattice of bars of metal, or any other suitable material
for the purpose, so constructed that the rivets a. a. which fix together the bars in the
junction where they cross or meet each other, are made with heals, which project in
the form of button headed, or pointed studs b. to which the shretis c. c. for holding
the branches d. of trees or plants are attached. Any number of studs may be put
into this lattice that would not necessarily form rivets for holding said lattice
together.
Any of the fittings Figs. 7 to 13 inclusive Sheet 1. and Figs. 14. and 15. Sheet 2.
may be used for this lattice if desired, by having a base for riveting, as shown in b.
Figs. 18. Sheet 2. instead of the forked base.
Figs. 19 Sheet 2 shows a stud with small hole or perforation a. in its head, and for
better securing the shred after being placed upon said stu, a small pin b. is inserted
in said hole or perforation.
Figs. 5. Sheet 1 shows an arrangement of flat bars or lattice work which is pierced
at various distances by two slits or slots near to each other, or double slotted, the strips
of metal between the slits, or slots, are driven out forming loops a. a. as to which the
shreds. holding the branches c. of trees or plants are secured, both ends of the shred
after being placed round said branch or branches, are passed through said loop, and
secured by a stud or button d. in the shred. These said double slits, or slots may be
zigzagged as shown in Figs. 20 and 21 Sheet 1. so that the raised loops would have
spikes a. a formed on them, or without piercing the bars, small loops with spikes.a.
Figs. 21 Sheet 1, or plain loops without spikes a. a Figs. 22 Sheet 1. may be riveted
on to said bars, with the spiked loops plain shreds without studs are used, the shreds

page_text: holding the branches, having both ends passed under or through the spiked loops are
pierced, and held firmly by the spikes of said loops.
Figs. 23 Sheet 1 shows an arrangement of flat bars or lattice work, in the bars of
which are riveted small staples a. a. a. to these the shreds are secured in the same
manner as Figs. 5 Sheet 1. In combination with said staples n. a. a Figs. 23
Sheet 1. small plates with button heads b. b. b. Figs. 24 Sheet 1. may be used if
desired, the shred in this case would be secured by said button headed plate.
Figs. 25. 26 and 27 Sheet 2 shows a lattice or arrangement of bars, slotted or
punched in such a manner, that the parts so punched or slotted, are not detached from
the bars, but are bent out to form, spikes, knobs, or hooks, a. a. a. a. a. to which
the shreds, holding the branches of trees or plants are attached.
Any of the bars or lattice work are furnished if desired with books Figs. 28
Sheet 2 both ends of the shred holding branch of tree or plant, are forced on to said
hook and securely held by it.
For more securely holding stubborn or strong branches of trees or plants, the studs
in lattice work Figs. 18 Sheet 2 are furnished with a plate, forming a guard e. to
prevent the shred from being torn from the stud.
The stud Figs 29 Sheet 1 is made with two sizes at its base, the large size to
receive the plate or guard, the smaller part for riveting into bars or lattice.
After
said stud is riveted into bars or lattice the guard a. Figs. 29 Sheet 2 will turn round
freely, so as to face at any angle to receive the shred c. holding the branch d, the
shred c is put round the branch d. and both ends of the shred c, are passed through
the slot e of the guard, and buttoned on to and secured by stud b.
Plain shreds Fig. 30 Sheet 1. are used with fittings Figs. 10. 11. and 12 Sheet 1.
In Figs. 10. the fitting is shown fixed on to carrying wire a, the shred is placed
round the branch e of the tree or plant, both ends of said shred, are drawn through
said fittings and secured by being pierced by spikes d of said fitting.
The double loop fitting Figs. 11 Sheet 1 is also shown fixed to wire, in this case the
shred a is passed round the branch b, of tree or plant, both ends of said shred are
passed through the base of said fitting c then through one loop, and back through the
other loop, and the branch is secured by the shred being held as shown at d.
The fitting Fig. 12 Sheet 1 is also shown secured to the wire a. a. this fitting has a
moving spiked or toothed tumbler, or catch b. b. the shred c. c. is put upon the branch d.
both ends of the shred are passed under the spiked tumbler, or catch, and firmly
secured by being pressed on to the spikes of said tumbler or catch.
String, tar cord, or tar yarn shreds are used with the fittings Figs. 8. 9. and 13.
Sheet 1 and Figs. 14 and 15 Sheet 2. Figs. . and 9 Sheet 1 all refer to the same
fitting. Figs. 8 shows said fitting fixed to wire a. with shred b. b. holding branch e. c.
of tree or plant, and secured to said fitting, the said shred is put round said branch,
both ends are passed through the base of said fitting, turned up and cross each other
a tight fit in the grove under the button head of said fitting, and thus firmly secured
to same without any tying.
Figs. 9 shows three views of said fitting before being fixed to wire, (without the
branch and shred) the dotted lines a. show the shape that the forked base assumes after
being closed upon the wire.
The fittings shown in Figs. 13. Sheet 1 is similar to the last described, it has a
forked base for securing it to carrying wire, it is provided with two projections a. a.
just above the carrying wire, having sufficient space between said projections and said
carrying wire, for the ends of the shred holding the branch, to pass freely between, the
ends of the shred are then turned up and cross each other tightly in the grove b at the
top of the fitting, and the shred is firmly held without any tying, this fitting may be
made with one or more groves at the top, or any other part there of.
The fitting as shown in Figs. 14 Sheet 2 has a forked base securing it to carrying
wire a. two projections b. b. are in a line with said carrying wire, and near. to it, the
branch and shred are secured to this fitting in the same manner, as described in
Figs. 2. Sheet 2.

page_text: The fitting as shown in Figs. 15 Sheet 2 is similar in its application to Figs. 14
Sheet 2. the difference being a forked head a. a. instead of single projections, in this
case the ends of the shred holding the branch, are drawn tightly into the forked head,
on either side and firmly secured without any tying.
Figs. 31. 32. 33. 34 Sheet 1 show fittings to be used with wires a. Figs. 3
Sheet 1.
All the fittings herein described are made of any suitable material for the purpose,
but preferably of iron galvanised.
All the lattices, bars, and fittings hereinbefore described, when applied to walls or
buildings, are secured by any kind of holdfast, staples, bolts, screws, or plates as may
be found most suitable. For espaliers, cordons, or any other similar purpose, stakes,
posts, or standards as may be found most convenient are used for supporting said
lattice, bars, or fittings.
The shreds are constructed as follows.
Fig. 30 Sheet 1 shows a strip of pliable woollen or cotton cloth, waterproof, or any
other suitable material, without perforations, to be applied to fittings Figs. 10. 11. 12.
20. 21. Sheet 1. this shred does not necessarily form part of this invention further than
being applied to said fittings, or similar fittings of this invention. a Figs. 35 Sheet 1
shows a strip of pliable woollen or cotton cloth, waterproof, or any other suitable
material, near to each end of which are small slits or perforations, for slipping over
the buttons, knobs, or studs Figs. 1 to 13 inclusive Sheet 1, and Figs. 6 and 18
Sheet 2. When these shreds are applied to loops or staples Figs. 4. 5. 22. and 23
Sheet 1. they are furnished with a stud or button. Figs. 41-Sheet 1, the shred is
passed round the stem, or branch of the tree or plant, and one or both ends of the
shred are passed through the loop, or staple, and both ends of the shred are secured
by the said stud or button. This shred is also applied to secure branches, or stems of trees
or plants to posts, standards, or stakes, or any similar purpose, the shred is placed
round both the stem of the tree, and the stake, as shown in b. c. Figs 35 Sheet 1 and
secured by the stud d. d.
a. a. Figs. 36 Sheet 1 shows strips of pliable woollen or cotton cloth, waterproof or
any other suitable material with three or four perforations b. b. b. b. b. b. b. one at
each end, and one or two in or near the centre, these shreds are used for securing
stems of trees or plants to stakes, or any other similar purpose, and these shreds are
furnished with studs, as in the case of Figs. 35 Sheet 1. The shred with three
perforations is shown applied c. c. Figs. 36 Sheet 1 and secured by the said
stud d d.
The shred with four perforations is shown applied e. e. and secured by stud f. f.
The manner in which these shreds are applied is a protection to the stems, or branches
of the trees or plants, there being part of the shred between the stake and the stem,
forming a padding to prevent friction.
a. a. Figs. 37 Sheet 1 shows a strap of woollen or cotton cloth, waterproof or any
other suitable material for the purpose, this shred is formed with an opening b in or
near the centre, and two or more perforations c. c. c. in either end, this shred is
strengthened in the middle, on either side of the opening b. with two or more thick-
nesses of the material that compose the shred, one end of the shred is put round the
stake d and passed through the opening b. the other end of the shred is passed
round the stem or branch c. of tree or plant and both ends of said shred are secured
by the stud f. By having several perforations in either end of this, shred it will
allow for adjusting said shred to any size of stake or branch, by shifting the stud from
one perforation to another, or if desired the ends of this shred may be furnished with
a buckle in the place of said stud.
Figs. 38 Sheet 1 shows the application of the plain shred Fig. 30 Sheet 1. for
securing stems of trees or plants to stakes, the shred a. a. Figs. 38 Sheet 1 is passed
round the stake bihen round the stem c. and secured to said stake by the pin d. d. d.
The shreds Figs. 36 and 37 Sheet 1 are applicable to loops or staples, Figs. 5. 22
and 23 Sheet 1. as well as in the manner in which they are shown.

page_text: For the prevention of insects harbouring in these shreds they are treated, or
chemicalised by being treated, with sulphur, or a solution of creosote or paraffin
oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,
The manufacture and use of improved wall fittings and shreds for training fruit
trees, and any other kind of trees, and climbing plants and applying the same to
walls, buildings, and ornamental constructions, substantially as, and for the purpose
herein before described, we claim
1. One wire or a combination of wires twisted at various distances along their
length into buttons or knobs, and attaching thereto perforated shreds of cloth for
holding and training stems or branches of trees or plants, substantially as and for the
purpose as herein before described.
2. Short pieces of wire twisted at various distances around main carrying wires,
said short wires forming spikes or clips for securing shreds of string or tar yarn
holding the stems or branches of trees or plants substantially as, and for the purpose
herein before described.
3. One wire or a combination of wires which is or are twisted at various distances
around button headed or pointed studs, or wire netting in the juntion of the crossing
wires of which, button headed or pointed studs are woven, for attaching thereto the
shreds. In the place of, or in combination with the button headed or pointed studs,
any of the forked base fittings or studs described in this specification may be used,
substantially as and for the purpose as herein before described.
4. Two or more wires twisted together with small loops at various distances, the
shreds holding the stems or branches of trees or plants, are secured to these loops by
a stud or button in the shred substantially as, and for the purpose herein before
described.
5. Margin bars or framing with diagonal perforations or holes, for stretching and
securing wires to walls or buildings, substantially as, and for the purpose herein before
described.
6. A lattice of brass of metal so constructed that the rivets holding said lattice
together are formed with button headed studs to which are attached the shreds for
holding the branches of trees or plants, any of the other studs or fittings described
in this specification may be used for this lattice, substantially as herein before
described.
7. An arrangement of flat bars as a lattice or otherwise, slotted and forming loops
to which shreds holding the branches of trees or plants, are secured by studs in the
shreds, or if zigzagged slots are made in said bars forming spiked loops, the shreds
are secured by being pressed on to, and held by said spiked loops, without any studs,
substantially as, and for the purpose as herein before described.
8. An arrangement of flat bars or lattice work, in the bars of which are riveted
small staples, to which the shreds are secured by studs in the shreds, or if desired
button headed plates, are used in combination with said staples to which the shreds are
attached substantially as and for the purpose as herein before described.
9. A lattice or arrangement of bars slotted or punched in such a manner that the
parts so slotted are not detatched from said bars, but are bent out to form spikes,
knobs or hooks, to which the shreds are attach as herein before described.
10. We claim the use of studs or fittings with button, spiked, looped and groved
heads, and round, and forked bases, and applying the same to wires bars, or lattices,
and securing the same to walls buildings, and ornamental constructions for attaching
thereto plain or perforated shreds of cloth for holding and securing the stems of trees
or plants, without nailing the same to walls or buildings, and applying string or tar
yarn shreds for similar purposes without tying substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described.

page_text: 11. All the bars, lattices, studs, or fittings herein described, are made of any
material suitable for the purpose but preferably of iron galvanised as herein set
forth.
12. Shreds of pliable cloth with two or more perforations, to be applied to the
fittings of this invention, These shreds are also furnished with studs, buttons, or
buckles for securing the stems or branches of trees or plants to posts or stakes,
substantially as, and for the purpose as herein before described.
13. For the prevention of insects harbouring in the above described shreds, we
chemicalise them, by treating them with sulphur or a solution of creasote or paraffin
oil.
ROBERT GOODWIN HAMMOND.
ROBERT WARD.