Improvements in Swivel Motion Power Looms for Weaving Figured Goods.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 13th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Swivel Motion Power Looms for Weaving
Figured Goods.
We, WILLIAM TAYLOR BIRCHENOUGH, of the Firm of John Birchenough
and Sons, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Silk Manufacturers, and
AMOS WOOD, of the same place, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows :-
Our invention relates to swivel motion power looms for weaving figures on piece
and similar goods, and one object of our invention is by the application of improved
mechanism to weave the figures nearer together than can be done on an ordinary
swivel power loom.
In carrying our invention into effect we employ a toothed rack and pinion swivel
motion, but with certain alterations to enable us to effect our purpose, that is to
say, the slots or spaces for the swivel warp in place of being cut parallel through
the frame of the motion as now customary are made taper narrowest at the top, so
that we are enabled to have one extra tooth in each shuttle and thereby ensure a
positive swivel motion without diminishing the warp space at the bottom of
the slot.
The motion of the ground shuttle is according to our improvements controlled
by a star wheel mounted upon a stud and actuated by a peg wheel with a cam
surface fitted and free to slide upon the ordinary tappet shaft. On the boss of the
star wheel is a square boss or equivalent part which acts upon a small bowl carried
by a stud and bracket mounted upon a vertical stud and to this stud is also secured
an arm. The aforesaid bowl is held up to the square by a spring, so that when the
star wheel and square rotate, the bowl is pushed back thereby turning the vertical
shaft on its axis, and causing the arm which is moved by it, to act upon a rod
which is pivoted at each side of the loom to a picking saddle mounted on the
picking arms.
So long as the loom is wearing the ground, the star wheel, bowl and connections
move each saddle bringing first one and then the other saddle under its picking
bowl on the tappet shaft, whereby the ground shuttle is actuated.
In place of the connections specified other mechanism can be employed in
combination with the star wheel and peg wheel for controlling the ground shuttle
as described.
To set the swivel motion into action we employ according to our improvements
a cord from the Jacquard machine to raise one end of a pivoted lever and so bring
its other end against the face of the cam on the peg wheel and move the latter on
the tappet shaft out of gear with the star wheel. On the opposite face of the star
wheel are secured two studs, the ends of which pass through a boss fixed upon
the tappet shaft and near this boss is mounted loosely on the tappet shaft a spur
wheel which has a projection on its face against which one or other of the studs
acts when the peg wheel is moved on the shaft. There is also on the spur
wheel a recess behind its projection in order to bring it to a complete stand as the
driving stud is withdrawn. The spur wheel gears into and conveys its motion to a
gear of the same diameter secured upon a short shaft on which we fix three
tappets, the first of these is a double tappet, which acts upon a treadle for lowering
and raising by suitable connections the swivel rack and shuttles and the second and
third tappets move the shuttles to and fro across the swivel shed. When the first
tappet has acted to lower the rack and swivel shuttles, the second tappet moves the
said shuttles across the swivel shed in one direction, then the rack and shuttles is

page_text: raised, the pivoted lever is meanwhile released by the jacquard and its end comes
out of contact with the cam, while a spring mounted on the tappet shaft between
the peg wheel and the fixed boss forces the peg wheel back so that its peg comes
into gear with and turns the star wheel, thus moving the square and putting the
ground shuttle into action to make a single pick. The pivoted lever is then lifted
by the Jacquard machine at the same time that the ground pick is inserted and
gives motion to the small tappet shaft by the pair of spur wheels. The first tappet
then lowers the rack ready for the third tappet to drive the swivel shuttles in the
reverse direction, and these movements are repeated until the row of swivel figures
is completed.
In order to prevent accidents by. the swivel shuttles getting into the ground shed
while the ground is being woven we make the upright rod, which connects the
treadle actuated by the double tappet to the stud on the rack, with a long eye or
slot in which the stud rests so that the swivel shuttles cannot pass into the ground
shed.
Dated this 6th day of December 1893.
:
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
Agents for Applicants.
Improvements in Swivel Motion Power Looms for Weaving
Figured Goods.
We, WILLIAM TAYLOR BIRCHENOUGH, of the Firm of John Birchenough
and Sons, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Silk Manufacturers, and
AMOS WOOD, of the same place, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to swivel motion power looms for weaving figures on piece
and similar goods and one object of our invention is by the application of improved
mechanism to weave the figures nearer together then can be done on an ordinary
swivel power loom.
In carrying the first part of our invention into effect we employ a toothed rack
and pinion swivel motion, but with certain alterations to enable us to effect our
purpose that is to say, the slots or spaces for the swivel warp in place of being cut
parallel through the frame of the motion as now customary are made taper
narrowest at the top, so that we are enabled to have one extra tooth in each shuttle
and thereby ensure a positive swivel motion without diminishing the warp space at
the bottom of the slot.
According to the second part of our invention we employ certain improved
arrangements and combinations of mechanism for controlling the motion of the
ground shuttle.
According to the third part of our invention we employ improved arrangements
and combinations of mechanism for setting the swivel motion into and out of
action and for imparting the reciprocating motion to the rack and swivel shuttles
and also an improved form of connection for raising and lowering the frame with
the rack and swivel shuttles.
And in order that our invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect we will describe the same with reference to the accompanying two sheets
of drawings in which―
Figure is a front elevation of part of a swivel motion power loom fitted with
our improvements.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing details of the rack and pinion swivel shuttle
motion.
Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section of Fig. 2.

page_text: CHITT
shuttles.
Fig. 6 is an end elevation partly a section of the loom.
Fig. 64 is a detail of part of Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 is a plan taken on the plane of the line A. B, Fig. 6,, and
Fig. 7 is a detail of part of Fig. 7.
In these views the frame of the loom is marked 1, the crank shaft 2, the slay or
lathe 3, and its swords 4. The swivel shuttle motion consists of a frame 5 which
is fitted as usual to slide in guidés 6 on the cap of the lathe 3 in such manner that
it can be raised and lowered as required. In the frame 5 is fitted the reciprocating
rack 7 which is driven as hereinafter described and transmits its motion to the
series of pinions 8 and so to the swivel shuttles 9 one of which is shown detached
in the detail views Figs. 4 and 5.
The arrangement and action of the foregoing parts is well understood and forms
no part of our present invention except as regards the means for actuating the
reciprocating rack as hereinafter described and as claimed; but what we claim as
our first improvement is the alteration in the slots or spaces 10 which instead of
being parallel as hitherto customary are now made taper so as to give a wide warp
space at the lower end (see Figs. 1 and 2). This improvement enables us to have
an extra tooth in each swivel shuttle 9 and as the pinions 8.are never out of gear
with the teeth on the swivel shuttles 9 a positive motion is ensured without
diminishing the warp space at the bottom of the slots 10 and consequently the
figures can be woven closer together than is the case with an ordinary rack and
pinion motion with parallel slots.
According to our second improvement the motion of the ground shuttle is con-
trolled by a star wheel 11 which is mounted upon a stud 12 and is actuated by a
peg wheel 13 fitted and free to slide upon the ordinary tappet shaft 14 which is
driven by a spur wheel 15 from a gear 16 fixed on the crank shaft 2. The sliding
peg wheel 13 has on one side a peg 17 by which it turns the star wheel 11 inter-
mittently and on the other side it has two fixed studs 18 which pass through
corresponding holes in a collar or boss 19 fixed on the tappet shaft 14, consequently
as the latter is rotated the fixed boss 19 and studs 18 also cause the sliding peg
-wheel 13 to revolve with it. On the boss of the star wheel 11 is a square boss 20
or equivalent part which acts upon a small bowl 21 carried by an elbow lever 22
fixed upon a short vertical shaft 23 to which is secured an arm 24. The bowl 21 is
held up to the square 20 by a spring 25, so that when the star wheel 11 and
square 20 rotate, the bowl 21 is pushed back thereby turning the vertical shaft 23
on its axis, and causing the arm 24, which is moved by it to act upon and move
endwise a rod 26 which is pivoted or jointed at each side of the loom to a picking
saddle 27 which is pivoted at 28 upon one of the picking arms 29. The picking
bowls 30 carried by a lever 31 at each end of the tappet shaft 14 alternately depress
the picking arms 29 at each side of the loom, first one and then the other,
whenever its picking saddle 27 occupies the position shown in full lines Fig. 7, but
when by the movement of the rod 26, the picking saddle 27 at either side of the
loom is moved into the position indicated by dotted lines, Fig. 7, the picking
bowls 30 pass over its picking arm 29 without depressing it. The picking arms 29
are connected as usual by flexible or yielding connections; not shown, to the picking
sticks which strike and actuate the ground shuttle. So long therefore as the loom
is weaving the ground, the star wheel 11, bowl 21 and connections move the two
picking saddles 27 bringing first one and then the other saddle over its picking
arm 29 which is then depressed by its picking bowl 30 whereby the ground shuttle
continues to be actuated.
In place of the connections specified any other suitable mechanism can be
employed in combination with the star wheel 11 and peg wheel 13 for controlling
the movements of the ground shuttles as described.
According to our third improvement in order to set the swivel motion into action
we employ a cord or other connection 32 from the Jacquard machine, to raise the

page_text: weighted end of a lever 33, which is fulcrumed at 34, and by this movement bring
a bowl 35 on the other end of the lever against the face of a cam surface 36 on the
sliding peg wheel 13; the effect of this is to move the peg wheel 13 against the
resistance of the coiled spring 37 along the tappet shaft 14 out of gear with the star
wheel 11. Near the boss 19 on the tappet shaft 14 is mounted loosely a spur
wheel 38 which is held in position on one side by the boss 19 and on the other by a
fixed collar 39 and on the side face of this spur wheel is a projection 40 against
which one or other of the studs 18 engages and drives the spur wheel whenever the
peg wheel 13 is moved along the tappet shaft away from the star wheel 11 as
described. There is also behind the projection 40 a recess formed by a stop in
which the stud 18 engages in order to prevent the spur wheel 38 over-running and
bring it to a complete stand before the driving stud 18 is withdrawn.
The spur wheel 38 gears into and conveys its motion to a gear 41 of the same
diameter secured upon a short shaft 42 on which are fixed three tappets 43, 44
and 46. The tappet 43 is a double tappet which acts through a bowl 46, see
Fig. 7, upon a treadle 47 for lowering and raising by an upright rod 48 and
suitable connections the swivel motion frame 5 with the reciprocating rack 7 and
swivel shuttles 9.
In order to prevent accidents by the swivel shuttles 9 getting into the ground
shed while the ground is being woven we make the upright rod 48 with a long eye
or slot 49 in which rests the arm or lever 50 which is fixed on the shaft 51 which is
supported in bearings 52 and is coupled by links and levers 53 to the swivel motion
frame 5, consequently, when the treadle 47 is up, the arm or lever 50 rests in the
bottom of the eye 49 as shown in Fig. 1 and the frame 5 is held up with the swivel
motion out of action and when the treadle 47 is depressed by the tappet 43 and the
rod 48 is thereby drawn down the arm 50 is not pulled down also, on account of the
free space in the eye 49; but the arm still resting in the eye 49 the swivel motion
frame 5 simply follows by its own weight into position ready for swivelling
whereby all liability of injury and risk of. breaking down the warp ends is
avoided.
The two single tappets 44 and 45 on the shaft 42 are for giving the reciprocating
motion to the rack 7 which drives the pinions 8 and swivel shuttles 9.
The
tappet 44 acts through a bowl 54, see Fig. 74, upon a treadle 55 and the tappet 45
acts through a bowl 56 upon a treadle 57, and these treadles 55 and 57 are
connected by straps 58 and 59 to two pulleys 60 and 61 fixed on a shaft 62; the
straps 58 and 59 are connected on opposite sides of the pulleys 60 and 61 and as
the treadles 55 and 57 are depressed alternately by their respective tappets it
follows that the shaft 62 receives a rocking motion. On the rocking shaft 62 are
fixed two pulleys 63 and 64 and to opposite sides of these pulleys are attached two.
straps 65 and 66 which pass over guide pulleys 67, 68, 69 and 70 to opposite ends
of the rack 7 which therefore receives its reciprocating motion as the shaft 62 rocks
to and fro.
When the tappet 43 has depressed the treadle 47 to lower the frame 5 with the
rack 7 and swivel shuttles 9, the tappet 44 acts by its connections and moves the
rack and so drives the swivel shuttles 9 across the swivel shed in one direction, then
as the tappet 43 leaves the bowl 46 on the treadle 47 a spring 71 raises the
treadle 47 and rod 48 and so raises the arm 50 and frame 5 with the swivel motion,
the pivoted lever 33 is meanwhile released by the jacquard and its weighted end
raises the bowl 35 out of contact with the cam surface 36, thereby allowing the
compressed spring 37 to force the peg wheel 13 back and so stopping the motion of
the gears 38, 41, and the shaft 42 and by the same movement bringing the peg
wheel into gear with the star wheel 11, which is turned, thus moving the square 20
and connected parts as described, and putting the ground shuttle into action to make
a single pick. At the same time that the ground pick is inserted the pivoted
lever 33 is again raised by the cord 32 from the Jacquard machine and in conse
quence the shaft 42 is again turned by the gears 38 and 41. The first tappet 43
then depresses the treadle 47 and lowers the swivel motion frame ready for the third

page_text: tappet 45 to move the rack 7 and so drive the swivel shuttles 9 in the reverse
direction and these movements are repeated until the row of swivel figures is
completed.
We would have it clearly understood that either part of our improvements can be
used separately or all or any two of them in combination; for example, we might
employ our improved arrangements of mechanism for controlling the motion of the
ground shuttle and for actuating the swivel motion or either of such arrangements
in combination with a rack and pinion swivel motion with parallel slots or spaces
between the swivel shuttles in place of the taper slots described under the first head
of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
In a swivel motion power loom-
1. The combination with a rack and pinion swivel shuttle motion, of the taper
slots or spaces whereby a positive swivel motion for the shuttles is insured
without diminishing the warp space substantially as and for the purposes herein set
forth.
2. The combination with a suitable picking motion for actuating the ground
shuttle, of a star wheel and peg wheel and connections for controlling said picking
motion substantially as herein set forth.
3. The combination with a rack and pinion swivel shuttle motion, and a con-
nection from the Jacquard machine for setting the swivel motion into and out of
action, of a star and peg wheel and the connections shown and described or other
suitable connections for actuating the ground shuttle substantially as herein set
forth.
4. The combination with the ordinary tappet shaft, of the intermittently driven
shaft 42 with its three tappets 43, 44, 45, and the treadles 47, 55, 57, and con-
nections for raising and lowering the swivel motion, and actuating the swivel shuttles
substantially as herein set forth.
5. The combination with a rack and pinion swivel shuttle motion, of the upright
rod 48 with an eye 49 and means for operating said rod, substantially as and for
the purposes herein set forth.
6. The several constructions combinations and arrangements of parts embodying
our improvements substantially as herein before described and as illustrated by the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 6th day of Santambor 1204
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
17, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for Applicants.