Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Screw Eyes, Screw Rings, Screw Cottars, Eyed Cottar Pins, Pegs, Cup and Hanging Hooks, and other Small Articles having Loops, Eyes, or Rings at One or Both Ends, and made principally from Wire.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 9th May, 1894-Accepted, 9th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Screw Eyes, Screw
Rings, Screw Cottars, Eyed Cottar Pins, Pegs, Cup and Hanging
Hooks, and other Small Articles having Loops, Eyes, or Rings
at One or Both Ends, and made principally from Wire.
CHARLES EDWARD HARRIS, of The Simplex Manufacturing Company, of
Bishop Street, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows: -
My invention relates to improvements in, and in the manufacture of, small
articles having loops, eyes or rings at one or at both ends and made principally from
wire, such for example as screw eyes, screw rings, screw cottar pins, screw turns,
plain cottar pins, pegs or the like with eyes, turns or looped terminals, cup hooks,
hanging hooks, and other small articles of a like manufacture.
The object of my invention is to provide the loops of the said articles, at the
junctions of the terminal ends with their stems, with a collar, which both forms a
stop and prevents the opening of the loop.
Now such loops, in ordinary screw eyes, rings and turns, are left in an
unconnected state, so that any undue twist given to the eye or the thumb turn
formed by the loop, opens the joint, and allows the terminal end of the member to
be twisted out of its assigned position.
In carrying out one form of my invention in connection with a screwed eye or
turn, having an eye, loop or open turn at one end, I take a length of wire, sufficient
to form both the stem, shank and loop, and I slightly chamfer the terminal end of
that part which to form the loop, and at a suitable distance from the said end,.
I crank or bend the metal of the shank part, or form the same with a shoulder, so
that when the loop is made the said chamfered end as aforesaid, comes upon the
bent or cranked part, and around which shank and shoulder, a metal disc, ring,
washer, collar or stop is closed by dies and pressure.
The hole in the middle of the washer or collar is elliptical or of the combined
cross section of the compound wires to be embraced.
Thus, the wire to form the article is first cranked at some distance from that end
to form a loop or thumb turn, then the remaining portion of the said end is
then fashioned into a loop of the desired shape, and the terminal end which may be
chamfered or straight, may be made to come against or abut upon the shoulder of
the cranked part as aforesaid.
A pierced washer or disc is then threaded upon the other end of the stem, (which
is screwed prior or subsequent to the bending) and is made to embrace the closed
end of the loop of the shoulder, and then by means of a drop stamp or a press, the
said disc is then closed around the said parts hence forming a junction collar,
(which is also capable of sustaining and applying pressure between itself and the
screw without moving) which collar is fashioned to any desired shape.
The loops or turns may be made circular, elliptical, elongated or flat topped
oval, or of any other suitable figure.
The bonding and stop collar is prevented from turning by embracing the double
section of wire, and from lengthwise displacement by the shoulder or bulgings of
the enclosed parts of the wire.
Instead of the stem being cranked at its junction with the extreme end of the
loop part, it may be left plain, and notched or sunken, and around which parts, a
collar, washer or the like is closed. Or the terminal end of the metal of the

page_text: loop may be extended parallel to the stem, and around which extended part
and a plain or other part of the stem, a collar or washer is closed.
The application of my invention to other articles as enumerated other than cup
and hanging hooks, and articles having loops at both ends differs in no essential
respect from its application to a screw eye or turn as hereinbefore described.
In applying my invention to cup and hanging hooks generally, I fashion the
loop end into the shape of a hook, that is, I make the said end into a frame of a
hook figure, and with the termination of the wire of the said end coming at the
shank, and being there secured and closed to the other part by a collar as
aforesaid.
The shank part of the stem, rear of the collar, is screwed or left plain as
required.
In carrying out my invention in connection with articles having loops at both ends,
I first form the loop at one end, and secure the terminal of the wire of the same by
a collar, and then thread the collar of the other end prior to the formation of the
loop at the said other end, and after the formation of the loop, the said threaded-on
collar is then closed around and over the parts as aforesaid.
Dated this 10th day of August 1893,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of Screw Eyes, Screw
Rings, Screw Cottars, Eyed Cottar Pins, Pegs, Cup and Hanging
Hooks, and other Small Articles having Loops, Eyes, or Rings
at One or Both Ends, and made principally from Wire.
I, CHARLES EDWARD HARRIS, of The Simplex Manufacturing Company, of
Bishop Street, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in, and in the manufacture of, small
articles having loops, eyes or rings at one end or at both ends, (and made principally
from wire) such for example as screw eyes, screw rings, screw cottar pins, screw
turns, plain cottar pins, pegs or the like with eyes, turns or looped terminals, cup
hooks, hanging hooks and other small articles of a like manufacture.
The object of my invention is to provide the loops of the said articles, at the
junctions of the terminal ends with their stems, with a collar, which both forms a
stop and prevents the opening out of the loop.
Now such loops, in ordinary screw eyes, rings and turns, are left in an unconnected
state, so that any undue twist-given_to_the_eye_or_the_thumb-turn.formed_by_the
loop, opens the joint, and allows the terminal end of the member to be twisted out
of its assigned position.
In carrying out one form of my invention in connection with a screwed eye or
turn, having an eye, loop or open turn at one end, I take a length of wire, sufficient
to form both the stem, shank and loop, and I slightly chamfer the terminal end of
that part which is to form the loop, and at a suitable distance from the said end, I
crank or bend the metal of the shank part, or form the same with a shoulder, so
that when the loop is made, the said chamfered end as aforesaid comes upon
bent or cranked part, and around which shank and shoulder, a metal disc, ring,
washer, collar or stop is closed by dies and pressure.
the
The hole in the middle of the washer or collar is elliptical or of the combined
_cross section of the compound wires to be embraced. Thus, the wire to form the
article is first cranked at some distance from that end to form a loop or thumb

page_text: turn, then the remaining portion of the said end is then fashioned into a loop of the
desired shape, and the terminal end, which may be chamfered or straight, may be
made to come or abut against or follow the shape of the shoulder of the cranked
part as aforesaid.
A pierced cup-washer or cap is then threaded upon the other end of the stem,
and is made to embrace the closed end of the loop and the shoulder, and then by
means of a drop stamp or a press, the said cup-washer is closed around the said
parts, hence the formation of a junction collar.
The loops or thumb turn parts may be made circular, elliptical, elongated and
flat topped, oval, or of any other suitable figure.
The bonding and stop collar is prevented from turning by embracing the double
section of wire, and from lengthwise displacement by the shoulder or bulgings. of
the enclosed parts of the wire.
Instead of the stem being cranked at its junction with the extreme end of the
loop part, it may be left plain, notched or sunken, and around which parts a cap or
collar washer or the like is closed. Or the terminal end of the metal of the loop
may be extended parallel to the stem and around which extended part and a plain
or other part of the stem, a collar or cup-washer is closed.
The application of my invention to other articles as enumerated other than cup
and hanging hooks, and articles having loops at both ends, differs in no essential
respect from its application to a screw eye or turn as hereinbefore described.
In applying my invention to cup and hanging hooks generally, I fashion the
loop end into the shape of a hook, that is, I make the said end into a frame of a
hook figure, and with the termination of the wire of the said end coming at the
shank, and being there secured and closed to the other part by a collar or
cup-washer as aforesaid.
The shank part of the stem, rear of the collar, is screwed or left plain as
required.
In carrying out my invention in connection with articles having loops at both
ends, I first form the loop at one end, and secure the terminal of the wire of the
same by a collar, and then thread the collar of the other end prior to the formation
of the loop at the said other end, and after the formation of the loop, the said
threaded-on collar is then closed around and over the parts as aforesaid.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents, in side elevation, a screw eye
or turn with the loop end made, and the terminal end of the loop connected,
according to my invention.
Figure 2 represents an edge view of the same.
In Figures 1 and 2, a is the loop, made in one piece with the stem a', and with
the junction of the loop with the stem bulged or cranked at a³, and with the said
cranked part, and the terminal end a', of the metal forming the loop, connected or
united by a stop collar b, which forms both a shoulder to the screw eye or loop, and
a tie for securing the terminal end of the metal of the loop, and for preventing the
said loop from opening out.
By constructing screw eyes or turns as represented and described, the loops are
made efficient, and the stems or shanks of the articles come central.
In carrying out the manufacture of a screw eye according to my invention, I
take a length of wire such as in Figure 3, and bend the same, by any number of
processes as may be necessary, into the shape shown in Figure 4, that is to say, the
terminal end of the part to form the loop is chamfered, whilst the part to form the
loop itself is made to partake of the general figure of the top of a loop, whilst
the junction of the loop part with the shank is curved or swelled, and around this
swelled part (when the loop is formed) and the terminal end of the loop, a stop
collar comes.
The next stage in the manufacture consists in taking the shaped length of wire
Figure 4, and turning the same into the form Figure 5, and then slipping the cap
(represented in elevation, section and topside plan in Figure 6) upon the stem, up
to the crank shouldered part of the stem and terminal end of loop as in Figure 7,

page_text: that is to say, the stem a¹, is threaded through the hole b', (which is of the same
size and transverse section as the stem) whilst the swell or bend a³, and the
chamfered terminal end a', are closed together and the elongated hole 62, in the
cap b, which is to form the collar, is passed over the said parts a³, a', and then, by
means of a drop stamp, the said cap is shaped into a solid collar and closed around
the said swelled part and end, which are thereby bonded and fixed together, as
represented in Figure 8.
It will be seen that the bottom to the recess of the cap or cup b, is closed, when
threaded upon the stem, so that the shaping of the junction collar draws the metal
at the topside of it forward, and closes the whole of it around the swell at the
junction of the stem part with the loop and also the terminal end of the loop, and
by such closing of the metal, an efficient loop and collar are produced.
Figure 9 represents a screw eye with a round loop.
Figure 10 represents a picture eye.
Figure 11 is an eyed cottar, whilst Figure 12 represents a double loop-ended
turn.
Figure 13 represents a split cottar pin, with a loop whose free end is connected
and the collar affixed according to my invention.
Figure 14 represents a topside plan of a cup hook, whose free end is connected
and the collar affixed according to my invention.
Figure 15 is a side elevation of Figure 14.
Figure 16 represents a modification of my invention, whilst Figure 17 represents
a part of the same upon the dotted lines A B Figure 16.
In this form, the junction part as, of the loop a, with the stem a', is flattened and
-expanded, and so also is the terminal end at, upon which parts the junction or stop
collar b, is closed, alike as in the previous arrangements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
ta, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In screw eyes, screw rings, screw cottars, eyed cottar pins, pegs and other
small articles of a like manufacture having loops, eyes or rings at one or both ends,
and made principally from wire, uniting or connecting the loose or terminal end of
the loop part to the junction part of the loop with the stem, by cranking, corru-
gting, swelling or bending the said end and junction parts, and closing a stop or
junction collar around them, substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly. The manufacture of screw eyes, screw rings, screw cottars, eyed
cuttar pins, pegs and other similar small articles having loops, eyes or rings at one
or both ends and made principally from wire, by the processes and in the way
substantially as described and set forth.
Dated this 8th day of May 1894.
CHARLES EDWARD HARRIS,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.