Improvements in Hats, Caps, and other Head Coverings.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 9th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hats, Caps, and other Head Coverings.
We, JAMES EDWARD MILLS, of Mersey Street, Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Hat Manufacturer, and THOMAS ASHWORTH, of Christ Church Terrace,
Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
Our invention relates to hats, caps, and other head coverings, and consists in
improvements by which we are enabled to ensure a better and much more effective
ventilation of felt and silk hats, cloth caps and other head coverings.
In accomplishing the object of our invention we provide channels for the passage
of air between the band placed around the crown of a hat, cap or other head
covering to which our invention is to be applied and the crown of such hat, cap or
other head covering and provide openings or perforations for the passage of air
from or to such channels from or to the interior of the hat, cap or other head.
covering. We provide the said channels either throughout the entire circumference
of the crown of the hat, cap or other head covering or at the front or the front and
back, the front and sides or at any other suitable part or parts of the circumference
of the crown of the said hat, cap or other head covering. We provide the said
channels by placing between the band placed around the outside of the crown of
the hat, cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat, cap or other head
covering a corrugated or fluted strip or front or corrugated or fluted strips or
fronts made of stiffened cloth, cork or other suitable material which may have
secured to it any suitable covering material and is or are preferably made of such
size that its or their upper edge or edges shall be level with or a little below the
top of the aforesaid band. In the crown of the hat, cap or other head covering
and in the leather or sweat band or in the crown of the hat, cap or other head
covering only, we form holes to place the channels above mentioned in communi-
cation with the interior of the hat, cap or other head covering. In some cases we
also emboss the crown of the hat, cap or other head covering at the part or parts
at which the corrugated or fluted strip or front or strips or fronts is or are placed
in order to increase the space available for the passage of air and to facilitate the
passage of air into and out of the interior of the hat, cap or other head covering.
In the forward movement of a person wearing a hat, cap or other head covering
to which our invention is applied an effective current of air is caused to pass
through the channels formed by the corrugated or fluted strip or front or strips or
fronts and the holes in the crown of the hat, cap or other head covering and in the
leather or sweat band when holes are formed therein and out at the back or sides
of the hat or in cases in which the corrugated strip or front or strips or fronts is or
are only provided at the front of the hat, air may be allowed to escape through an
ordinary ventilator or perforations or in any other way.
The appliances provided in accordance with our invention are neat in appearance
and the application of our invention to a hat, cap or other head covering does not
require the hat, cap or other head covering to be made larger in proportion to the
head of the wearer as is the case when as hitherto a corrugated front is placed
between the leather or sweat band and the crown of the hat, cap or other head
covering.
Dated this Eighth day of November 1803
HOWARD CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Hats, Caps, and other Head Coverings.
We JAMES EDWARD MILLS, of Mersey Street, Stockport in the County of
Chester, Hat Manufacturer and THOMAS ASHWORTH of Christ Church Terrace,
Heaton Norris in the County of Lancaster, Manager do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to hats, caps and other bead coverings and consists in
improvements by which we are enabled to ensure a better and much more effective
ventilation of felt and silk hats, cloth caps and other head coverings.
In accomplishing the object of our invention we provide channels for the passage
of air between the band placed around the crown of a hat, cap or other head
covering to which our invention is to be applied and the crown of such hat, cap or
other head covering and provide openings or perforations for the passage of air
from or to such channels from or to the interior of the hat, cap or other head
covering. We provide the said channels either throughout the entire circum-
ference of the crown of the hat, cap or other head covering or at the front or the
front and back the front and sides or at any other suitable part or parts of the
circumference of the crown of the said hat, cap or other head covering. We
provide the said channels by placing between the band placed around the outside
of the crown of the hat cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat cap
or other head covering a corrugated or fluted strip or front or corrugated or fluted
strips or fronts made of stiffened cloth, cork or other suitable material which may
have secured to it any suitable covering material and is or are preferably made of
such size that its or their upper edge or edges shall be level with or a little below
the top of the aforesaid band. In the crown of the hat, cap or other head covering
and in the leather or sweat-hand or in the crown of the hat, cap or other head
covering only, we form holes to place the channels above mentioned in communica-
tion with the interior of the hat, cap or other head covering. In some cases we
also emboss the crown of the hat, cap or other head covering at the part or parts
at which the corrugated or fluted strip or front or strips or fronts is or are placed
in order to increase the space available for the passage of air and to facilitate
the passage of air into and out of the interior of the hat, cap or other head
covering.
In the forward movement of a person wearing a hat, cap or other head covering
to which our invention is applied an effective current of air is caused to pass
through the channels formed by the corrugated or fluted strip or front or strips or
fronts and the holes in the crown of the hat, cap or other head covering and in the
leather or sweat band when holes are formed therein and out at the back or sides
of the bat or in cases in which the corrugated strip or front or strips or fronts is or
are only provided at the front of the hat, air may be allowed to escape through an
ordinary ventilator or perforations or in any other way.
In the accompanying drawings
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate one manner in which corrugated strips or fronts may be
formed according to our invention and
Figs. 3, 4 5 and 6 illustrate the manner in which such corrugated strips or fronts
may be employed.
The same letters of reference are applied to corresponding parts in all the
figures of the accompanying drawings.
In Figs. 1 and 2, Fig. 1 is a plan and Fig. 2 a side elevation of a corrugated
strip or front. The corrugated strip or front (a) illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 is
formed of a corrugated piece. (a¹) of stiffened cloth, cork or other suitable material

page_text: having secured to it by means of any suitable cement a covering band (a³) made of
stiffened cloth, cork or other suitable material.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on the plane indicated by the line (A) (A)
of Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken on the plane indicated by the
line (B) (B) of Fig. 3 of a portion of a hat illustrating the method of employing
a corrugated strip or front according to our invention in a hat the crown of which
is embossed to increase the space available for the passage of air and to facilitate
the passage of air into and out of the interior of the hat. In Figs. 3 and 4 (a) is
the corrugated strip or front which is placed between the band (b) placed around the
outside of the crown (c) of the hat and the crown (c) of such hat. The corrugated
strip or front (a) has as we prefer its upper edge level with or a little below the
top of the band (6) and is secured to the crown (c) of the hat by sewing or in any
other suitable manner. In the crown (c) of the hat a recess is formed by the
portion (d) of the crown (c) being embossed in the manner indicated in Figs. 3
and 4.
We prefer that the projection formed in the interior of the crown of the
hat by the formation of the embossed portion (d) therein in the said manner should
be formed so as to project from the inner surface of the crown (c) of the hat less at
the lower part of such projection (d) than at the upper part thereof in order that
it may not cause any discomfort to the wearer of the hat. Holes (1) are formed
in the embossed portion (d) of the crown (c) of the hat in order to place the
interior of the crown (c) of the hat in communication with the channels formed
between the crown (c) of the hat and the corrugated front or strip (a). The
channels between the crown (c) of the bat and the corrugated front or strip (a)
communicate with the external air at their upper and lower ends. The leather or
sweat-band (e) which is omitted from Fig. 3 in order that the embossed portion
may be more clearly shown is formed with holes (e¹) to place the holes (d') in the
embossed portion (d) of the crown (c) of the hat in communication with the interior
of the hat.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section taken on the plane indicated by the line (C C)
of Fig. 6 and Fig. 6 a horizontal section taken on the plane indicated by the
line (DD) of Fig. 5 of a portion of a hat illustrating the inethod of employing a
corrugated strip according to our invention in a hat the crown of which is not
embossed in the manner above described and as except for the absence of the
embossing of the crown (c) of the hat the hat illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 and the
corrugated front or strip applied thereto are precisely similar to those illustrated in
Figs. 3 and 4 it is unnecessary for us to further describe Figs. 5 and 6 but we may
point out that as in the case of the hat illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, holes (d') in
the crown (c) of the hat and holes (e¹) corresponding thereto in the leather or
sweat-band (e) are formed in order that the channels between the corrugated front
or strip (a) and the crown (c) of the hat may be placed in communication with the
interior of the hat, although the leathers or sweat-bands (e) of the hats portions
of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings are formed with holes (e')
we may employ leathers or sweat-bands without forming holes therein.
The appliances provided in accordance with our invention are neat in appearance
and the application of our invention to a hat cap or other head covering does not
require the hat cap or other head covering to be made larger in proportion to the
head of the wearer as is the case when as hitherto a corrugated front is placed
between the leather or sweat-band and the crown of the hat, cap or other head
covering.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
―
1. In a hat cap or other head covering the combination of a corrugated front or
strip placed entirely around or at any part of the circumference of the hat, cap or
other head covering between the band placed around the outside of the crown of
the hat cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat cap or other head

page_text: covering, an embossed portion formed in the crown of such hat cap or other head
covering at the part at which the said corrugated front or strip is placed, holes
formed in such embossed portion and holes formed in the leather or sweat-band of
the hat cap or other head covering employed for the purpose and substantially in
the manner herein before described.
2. In a hat, cap or other head covering the combination of corrugated fronts or
strips placed at any parts of the circumference of the hat cap or other head
covering between the band placed around the outside of the crown of such hat
cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat cap or other head covering,
embossed portions formed in the crown of such hat cap or other head covering at
the parts at which the said corrugated fronts or strips are placed, holes formed in
such embossed portions and holes formed in the leather or sweat-band of the hat
cap or other head covering, employed for the purpose and substantially in the
manner herein before described.
3. In a hat cap or other head covering the combination of a corrugated front
or strip placed entirely around or at any part of the circumference of such hat cap
or other head covering between the band placed around the outside of the crown
of the hat cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat cap or other
head covering, holes formed in the crown of the said hat cap or other head
covering to communicate with the channels formed by the use of the said
corrugated front or strip and holes formed in the leather or sweat band of the
said hat cap or other head covering employed for the purpose and substantially in
the manner herein before described.
4. In a hat cap or other head covering the combination of corrugated fronts or
strips placed at any parts of the circumference of the hat cap or other head
covering between the band placed around the outside of the crown of such hat,
cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat cap or other head covering,
holes formed in the crown of the said hat cap or other head covering to
communicate with the channels formed by the use of such corrugated fronts or
strips and holes formed in the leather or sweat-band of the said hat cap or other
head covering employed for the purpose and substantially in the manner herein-
before described.
5. In a hat cap or other head covering the combination of a corrugated front
or strip placed entirely around or at any part of the circumference of the hat cap
or other head covering between the band placed around the outside of the crown
of the hat cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat cap or other
head covering, an embossed portion formed in the crown of such hat, cap or other
head covering at the part at which the said corrugated front or strip is placed
and holes formed in such embossed portion employed for the purpose and
substantially in the manner herein before described.
6. In a hat, cap or other head covering the combination of corrugated fronts or
strips placed at any parts of the circumference of the hat, cap or other head
covering between the band placed around the outside of the crown of such hat,
cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat, cap or other head covering,
embossed portions formed in the crown of such hat, cap or other head covering at
the parts at which the said corrugated fronts or strips are placed and holes formed
in such embossed portions employed for the purpose and substantially in the manner
herein before described.
7. In a hat, cap or other head covering the combination of a corrugated front
or strip placed entirely around or at any part of the circumference of such hat,
cap or other head covering between the band placed around the outside of the
crown of the hat cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat cap or
other head covering and holes formed in the crown of the said hat, cap or other
head covering to communicate with the channels formed by the use of the said
corrugated front or strip employed for the purpose and substantially in the manner
hereinbefore described.
8. In a hat cap or other head covering the combination of corrugated fronts or

page_text: strips placed at any parts of the circumference of the hat cap or other head
covering between the band placed around the outside of the crown of such hat,
cap or other head covering and the crown of such hat, cap or other head covering
and holes formed in the crown of the said hat cap or other head covering to
communicate with the channels formed by the use of such corrugated fronts or
strips employed for the purpose and substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described.
Dated this Eighth day of August 1894.
HOWARD
CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.