Improvements in and relating to Machines for the Manufacture of Drills and other Tools.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 2nd May, 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machines for the Manufacture of
Drills and other Tools.
I, CLAUS VAN HAAGEN, Engineer, of 330 Broad Street, Chester, in the
County of Delaware, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
MACHINES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DRILLS AND OTHER TOOLS, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to rapidly and economically produce by forging
operations, drills and reamers, whether they be twist or straight drills, or reamers.
My improvements have particular reference to machinery for producing in an
automatic manner twist drills and reamers.
In carrying out my invention I provide two gripping and forging dies having a
relative movement to and from each other, their internal surfaces being adapted to
forge and shape the outer circumference of the drill or reamer simultaneously with
the grooves; and in conjunction with said dies I employ two hammer dies of
peculiar construction for forging the two curved grooves in the drill or reamer
Aside from the construction
simultaneously with the forging of the outer surface.
of these dies, my invention comprehends mechanism for reciprocating the dies and
automatically feeding the rod to be forged, to the said dies in the proper manner for
the formation of the drill or reamer.
This method of manufacturing drills or reamers imparts to them the proper clearance,
forms the drill or reamer entirely of refined hammered steel, and leaves the drill or
reamer with the outer skin untouched with the exception of the small portion
adjacent to the cutting edge, which alone is ground. The tool produced is found to
have the greatest possible strength and durability in use.
Referring to the drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of my improved forging machine taken
upon a plane corresponding to the line y y of Fig. 2;
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of my improved machine with the feeding mechanism
and side plate removed to show the interior devices for operating the hammer dies,
and gripping and forging dies:
Fig. 3 is an enlarged detailed view of the left hand portion of Fig. 1, but taken
on a plane through the shaft I and 1;
Fig. 4 is a cross section of Fig. 2 on line ==;
Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the mechanism between the dies and the
brake of the feeding mechanism;
Fig. 6 is a cross section on line of Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is a side clevation of a drill made upon my improved machine ;
Fig. 8 is a reamer formed thereby with a straight groove;
Fig. 9 is a drill similar to Fig. 7 with the exception that the grooves are straight
instead of spiral;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the relation of the hammer and forging dies;
Fig. 11 is a cross section through the gripping and forging dies showing the
method of forming the drill between said dies and the hammer dies;
Fig. 12 is a similar view showing a modified arrangement for forming the
clearance;
Fig. 13 is a plan view of the lower gripping and forging dies and the hammer
dies, and illustrates the end views of the lower die;
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of one of the hammer dies;
IN
17
and of como · and

page_text: Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation showing the method of casting the hammer die.
Referring to the machine for the manufacture of drills and reamers, B represents
the forging and gripping dies, the lower, 6, which is held in the main frame A of the
machine, and the upper, 5, which is secured to a vertically reciprocating frame C,
and operated by eccentrics and cains.
S is the main shaft of the machine, and is provided with two eccentrics s. This
shaft is also provided with a heavy fly wheel and a fast and loose pulley. The
eccentrics s operate two frames T T simultaneously in opposite directions, which
frames are guided in the main frame A of the machine and hold the two oppositely
reciprocating hammer dies 7, 7. The frame T is provided with a cam plate m which
works in contact with a similar cam plate m' on the vertically reciprocating frame C
so that the reciprocations of the frame T cause the irame C with its forging die
to be projected downward with each reciprocation of the said frame T. A spring i
is employed to return the frame C to its upward position, and keep the two cam
portions m and m' in contact. The dies in practice would have a reciprocation such
as would impart about four hundred blows per minute.
Dis a chuck for holding the rod to be forged into a drill or reamer, and said
chuck is carried indirectly by a frame G which slides upon the main frame A, and
is made adjustable to or from the dies B. The chuck D is secured to a hollow
shaft E which is provided with an external screw thread e working through a sleeve l
having also external gear teeth which mesh with the pinion H upon the shaft I.
These several parts are supported by the frame G. By rotating the shaft the
nut is rotated, and this feeds the chuck D forward or backward with respect to
the dies according as to whether the shaft I is rotated in one direction or the other.
The hollow shaft or tube E is connected with the shaft J by means of a spline or
feather, as shown in Fig. 6 or other suitable device, the connection being such that
when the shaft is rotated, the tube E and its chuck D are rotated also, but at the
same time are permitted to have an independent longitudinal movement due to the
action of the revolving nut F. This spline connection is clearly shown in Fig. 6.
The shaft J is provided with a worm wheel with which meshes a worm shown in
dotted lines at K and secured to a shaft k. This shaft & is connected with a short
shaft by means of bevel gearing L. Arranged in line with this shaft is a separate
shaft, and these shafts are provided with spur wheels M M respectively, as shown
in Fig. 3, and said spur wheels are connected by means of the pinions m" and the
shaft 1. It will thus be seen that if the shaft is rotated, the shaft will be rotated
also, and in the same direction, and by means of the bevel wheels L and worm K
will impart to the shaft J a corresponding rotation. Simultaneously with this
rotation of the shaft J, a rotation of the nut or sleeve F will be given by the
pinion H and the shaft I, (the said shaft being shown broken in Figs. 1 and 3)
which latter is rotated through the medium of the pinions m² preferably as shown in
Fig. 3. This combined action induces the chuck D to be fed forward with respect
to the dies, and simultaneously therewith to have imparted to it a given rotation
corresponding to the spiral groove to be formed in the drill. By changing the
diameter of the wheels M and m², it is evident that with a given forward feeding of
the chuck the rotation thereof may be increased or decreased for producing spiral
grooves having different pitches. The shaft is secured to a sleeve N having a
fangen, upon which is clamped a driving pulley O. The construction of this
driving pulley, and its connection with the sleeve is best shown in Fig. 3, and
consists essentially of two parts, one of which is journaled upon the sleeve and the
other of which consists of a face plate P', which is clamped by means of bolts p
against a leather or other packing, which is pressed against the face of the flange
or disc ». If desired there may be an additional packing or friction ring o upon
the opposite face of the flange or disc as shown. It will thus be seen that any
degree of friction desired may be obtained, so that the rotation of the driving
pulley will create a tendency more or less to rotate the sleeve N. The sleeve N
is secured to the shaft so that the tendency to rotate said sleeve is imparted to
the shaft also. Encircling the sleeve is a friction band N' which acts as a brake

page_text: to arrest the said sleeve at given periods corresponding to the time when the
dies are forging the drill rod. This friction band N is operated by suitable
mechanism connected with the devices which operate the dies, or with any other
portions of the machine having movements corresponding to the reciprocations of
said dies.
"
In practice I prefer to connect the mechanism for operating the friction band
with the vertically reciprocating portion C for moving the upper die 5 of the
dies B, and this mechanism is best shown in Fig. 5. It consists of a lever e having
one end connected to the frame C by a link b, and its other end connected to a
telescopic shaft R by a crank and a link d. The telescopic shaft R is provided
with a cross or rock arm S, the lower end of which is connected by link with the
lower end of a pivoted arm T. Arranged between one end of the brake or
friction band N and the upper end of the arm S is a rod U, and between the other
end of the friction band and adjusting screw W on the arm T2 is a second rod U.
The screw W may be adjusted to compensate for any wear upon the friction band.
The parts T2 and S form levers of different orders, and by their connection through
the link t are so operated by the rotation of the shaft R that they act upon the ends
of the brake band in opposite directions so as to clamp or release the sleeve for
allowing the intermittent rotation thereof.
The telescopic construction is employed so as to permit the frame G to be moved
to or from the dies, and with it the friction brake mechanism, and yet at all times
to maintain an operative connection between the parts C and S.
If the friction band were not employed, then the constant rotation of the band
wheel would cause a tendency to a constant forward and spiral movement to the
drill rod, and this would necessitate the intermittent arresting of the motion by
the action of the dies upon the drill rod, which would be unreliable, and apt to
produce poor work; but by my construction, the mechanism which acts to force the
drill, simultaneously with the gripping of the drill rod arrests the rotation of the
sleeve N, allowing the pulley wheel O to slip through its friction connection with
the flange n.
It will thus be seen that for every one of the reciprocations of the
frame Cand its dic there will be a corresponding gripping and releasing of the
sleeve N by the brake band N', thus insuring a very large number of intermittent
feeding movements of the drill rod per minute.
As there is considerable heating effect between the pulley O and the disk n it is
desirable that water shall be caused to circulate through the said annular disk.
To accomplish this the construction shown at the left hand part of Fig. 3 is
employed. The disk is formed with an annular opening connected on diametri-
cally opposite sides with two passageways, leading to an inlet N³ and an outlet N2.
The part supporting the inlet and outlet is held stationary, and is connected with
the rotating portion by means of a packing box N. The connecting passages
between the stationary and rotating part is such as to maintain a constant connection
for the free flow of the water. By this means the water passes in at N³, circulates
through the disk n, and escapes by N².
Referring to the drill shown in Fig. 7 we have the body of the drill formed with
the groove 2 made spiral, and the cutting edge 3 adjacent to the roove so shaped as
to produce a clearance 4 immediately in the rear of said cutting edge. In the drill
shown in Fig. 9 we have the same parts, but in this case the groove is made
straight. In the reamer shown in Fig. 8 we have the same construction as the
drill shown in Fig. 9, and the dotted lines indicate that the reamer may be formed
with spiral grooves in place of straight grooves, if so desired. The forging and
gripping dies B consist of two parts 5, 6, and the internal structure of these
forging dies, and the hammer dies 7, 7, must be such as to conform to the
outward shape of the drill or reamer, and consequently they will be slightly
varied according to the pitch of the spiral, or whether a spiral or straight groove
is employed. The gripping and forging dies are formed of two blocks of steel,
shaped in any suitable manner to be received in the forging machine, and are
provided, when taken together, with a transverse hole or aperture and two

page_text: transverse slots or holes 8 arranged at right angles to the transverse hole. The
bar or rod of steel from which the drill or reamer is to be forged passes through
the transverse aperture or hole, while the hammer dies 7 pass through the apertures
or slots 8 so as to act upon the rod of steel on diametrically opposite sides and at
the same instant that it is subjected to pressure between the dies 5, 6. The hammer
dies 7, 7, are reciprocated rapidly toward each other, and likewise the gripping or
forging dies 5, 6, are relatively reciprocated toward and from each other and at
right angles to the dies 7, 7, the relative reciprocation being obtained by holding
one of the dies and reciprocating the other with reference to it. While this action
can take place with the dies 5, 6, it cannot take place with the dies 7, 7, since
the latter must sink considerably into the metal upon diametrically opposite sides
to an equal extent.
The action of the dies 5, 6, is to produce the cutting edge 3 and the clearance 4
upon the outer surface of the drill or reamer, and the action of the dies 7, 7, is to
form the spiral or straight grooves 2 on the drill or reamer. The action of the
dies 5, 6, is dual, that is to say, they simultaneously grip the drill rod, while the
dies 7, 7, are acting upon it, and also forge down the circumference so as to give
the necessary clearance. These dies are so shaped internally that they preferably
leave or form the forward portions 3 adjacent to the extreme cutting edges, of
greater radius than the radius of the clearance portions 4, though this is not
absolutely necessary, as will be seen by an examination of Fig. 12, wherein the
clearance portion 4 is made of gradually decreasing radius.
By the action of the dies 7, 7, the centre part of the drill or reamer is
exceedingly well refined, imparting to the metal the most durable and homogeneous
character.
The outer surface of the parts 3 and 4 of the drill or reamer are likewise well
finished by the action of the dies 5, 6, since they not only grip the metal but
actually force it into the desired shape. The rod is fed through the centre dics 5
and 6 at the same time, and in the case of the twist drill or twist reamer, rotated
with a motion corresponding to the spiral shown in Fig. 7. After the drill is
forged in the manner described, the parts 3 adjacent to the cutting edge may be
ground so as to not only impart a sharp cutting edge, but also to enable the drill to
be made absolutely truc.
The dies 5, 6, should be made short so as not to materially disturb the metal
after it leaves the dies 7, 7. The interior portions of the dies 5, 6, which forge
the clearance portions are indicated by h, while those portions which forge the
raised portion 3 adjacent to the cutting edge are indicated by portions h', a
shoulder 10 being formed between them which corresponds to the shoulder between
the parts 4 and 3 of the drill or reamer. As shown in Fig. 13, this formation of
the dies 5 and 6 begins about the middle of one end of the die and terminates to
one side of the other end of it, and is the reverse in the two dies. The angle o
pitch of the shoulder 10 corresponds exactly with the angle or pitch which is giver
to the shoulder between the parts 4 and 3 of the drill or reamer.
In practice, the solid rod is passed between the dies 5 and 6, and by one single
passage, the drill or reamer is completely forged; consequently the portion of
these dies adjacent to the feeding mechanism would be solidly filled with metal
whereas the opposite or discharging end would be filed with a grooved drill o
reamer. The main action of the dies 5, 6, is exerted between the end adjacent to
the advancing rod, and that portion occupied by the hammer dies 7, 7.
In the case of the straight groove, the shoulder 10 would be in a straight line
parallel with the groove or aperture extending through the dies, through which the
rod passes.
The hammer dies are formed with flattened ends, the extreme points of which
are rounded and formed with slightly depressed ends. The angle of ends o
the hammer dies 7 is best shown in Figs. 10 to 12, wherein it will be see
that the ends of these hammer dies correspond exactly to the relative angle o
the two grooves 2 upon opposite sides of the drill. The slots or apertures

page_text: for the ends of these hammer dies are formed partly in each of the gripping or
forging dies 5, 6, and said apertures are snugly filled by the hammer dies when the
two dies 5, 6, are brought together in their normal position.
It is quite evident that when the clearance of the drill is to be made by the
construction shown in Fig. 12, the shoulder 10 will be substantially indistinguishable
and the two parts 12 and 9 in the dies 5, 6, will run gradually together. The various
dies may be made of chilled iron or steel.
The hammer die particularly should have its nose made of chilled iron as it is
subjected to the most severe usage. The shape of the hammer dies is best shown
in Figs. 10 to 15. The shank portions of the hammer dies are preferably of hard
white iron cast in sand, while the flattened nose portions are cast in an iron mould,
as indicated in Fig. 16. Subsequently the nose may be ground in a properly
constructed machine for imparting to it a proper askew rounded shape to correspond
to the curvature of the groove in the drill or reamer. The nose portion of the
hammer die has its ends rounded in all directions, but may be elongated as shown.
In the case of dies for twist drills, the part 13 is made askew or oblique to the
plane of the flattened nose portion, as is more clearly illustrated by Fig. 14 to
correspond to the peculiar curve of the groove being forged, and so as to leave the
proper cutting and trailing edges on the drill.
The details of construction may be more or less modified as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In a machine for forging drills or reamers, the combination of one or more
reciprocating forging dies, a chuck or holder for the drill rod adapted to be moved
to or from the said dies, power devices for feeding said chuck to or from the
said dies, and intermediate mechanism between the reciprocating die and the
power mechanism for the chuck, whereby the movement of the chuck is controlled
by the movement of the dies or other operating parts.
2nd. In a machine for forging drills or reamers, the combination of one or more
reciprocating dies, a chuck or holder for the drill or reamer rod adapted to be
moved to or from the dies, feeding devices for said chuck to move it to or from
the dies, power devices to operate the feeding devices, and a friction power
transmitting device arranged between the power devices and feeding devices for
the chuck.
3rd. In a machine for forging drills or reamers, the combination of one or more
reciprocating dies, a chuck or holder for the drill or reamer rod adapted to be
moved to or from the dies, feeding devices for said chuck to move it to or from
the dies, power devices to operate feeding devices, friction transmitting devices
between the power and feeding devices for the chuck, a brake to intermittently
arrest the movement of the feeding devices, and connecting mechanism between the
dies and the brake whereby the latter is intermittently applied for each action of
the dies in forging the drill or reamer.
4th. In a machine for forging drills or reamers, the combination of one or more
reciprocating dies, a chuck adapted to be moved to or from the dies and at the
same time rotated, feeding devices for feeding the chuck to or from the dies and
also rotating the same, a power wheel for imparting motion to the feeding devices,
a friction device arranged between the power wheel and feeding devices, and a
brake adapted to arrest the movement of the feeding devices operated by the dies
or their connections.
5th. In a machine for forging drills or reamers, the combination of one or more
reciprocating dies, a chuck adapted to be moved to or from the dies and at the
same time rotated; feeding devices for feeding the chuck to or from the dies and
also rotating the same; a power wheel for imparting motion to the feeding
devices; a brake adapted to arrest the movement of the feeding devices operated

page_text: by the dies or their connections consisting of a sleeve secured to the shaft of the
feeding mechanism, an encircling friction band for said sleeve, a rock shaft, and
connections for clamping or releasing the said friction band; and lever connections
between the rock shaft and moving dies or their connections.
6th. The combination in a machine for forging drills or reamers, of one or more
reciprocating dies, with a chuck movable to and from said dies, devices for moving
said chuck to or from said dies, a constantly rotating power wheel, a friction device
interposed between the power wheel and feeding devices for the chuck, and means
controlled by the movement of the dies or their operating parts for intermittently
arresting the movement of the feeding devices without interfering with the rotation,
of the power wheel.
7th. In a machine for forging drills or reamers, the combination of one or more
reciprocating dies, a chuck or holder for the drill or reamer rod adapted to be
moved to or from the dies, feeding devices for said chuck to move it to or from
the dies, power devices to operate the feeding devices, a friction power trans-
mitting device arranged between the power devices and feeding devices for the
chuck, and means to cause water to flow through the friction power transmitting
device to maintain it in a cool condition while in operation.
8th. Dies for forging drills and reamers consisting of the combination of two
gripping and forging dies which when brought together form an aperture for
receiving the drill rod, and in which the opposing surfaces of said dies are each
formed with two parts, one of which is adapted to force the portions of the drill
adjacent to the cutting edge, and the other of which is adapted to forge the
clearance on the drill to the rear of the cutting edge.
9th. Dies for forging drills and reamers consisting of the combination of two
gripping and forging dies which when brought together form an aperture for
receiving the drill rod, and in which the opposing surfaces of said dies are each
formed with two parts, one of which is adapted to forge the portions of the drill
adjacent to the cutting edge, and the other of which is adapted to forge the
clearance on the drill to the rear of the cutting edge; and two reciprocating
hammer dies having their ends shaped to correspond to the grooves in the drill or
reamer being forged, the said hammer dies projecting through the gripping or
forging dies substantially on the line of their separation.
10th. In dies for forging twist drills or reamers, the combination of two
gripping or forging dies adapted to be moved relatively toward and from each
other, and in which each of said dies is formed of a substantially, cylindrical
recessed portion having internal curved surface 9 and 12 separated by a curved
line or shoulder 10, in which the part 9 corresponds to the clearance portion of the
drill and the part 12 to the raised portion adjacent to the cutting edge of the drill.
11th. In dies for forging twist drills or reamers, the combination of two gripping
or forging dies adapted to be moved relatively toward and from each other, and
in which each of said dies is formed of a cylindrical recessed portion having
internal curved surfaces 9 and 12 separated by a curved line or shoulder 10, in
which the part 9 corresponds to the clearance portion of the drill and the part 12
to the raised portion adjacent to the cutting edge of the drill; and two oppositely
reciprocating dies made with flattened ends arranged at an angle to each other
so as to correspond to the angle of the spiral grooves formed in the drill or
reamer.
12th. A hammer die for forging drills or reamers having a flattened end or
nose portion, the extreme end of which is rounded and formed with a depressed
portion corresponding to the curve or the inner part of the spiral groove of a twist
drill or reamer.
13th. In dies for forging drills and reamers with forged clearances, the
combination of two gripping and forging dies for the outer surfaces of the drill
or reamer, and two hammer dies for the grooves of the drill or reamer, in which
the internal opposing surfaces of the gripping or forging dies corresponding in

page_text: shape to the shape of the exterior surface of the drill or reamer, and in which the
adjacent ends of the hammer dies correspond to the shape of the grooves of the.
drill or reamer.
14th. A hammer die for drill and reamer forging machines consisting of a body
part or shank terminating in a flattened nose portion which nose portion is formed.
of chilled iron.
15th. A hammer die for drill and reamer forging machines consisting of a body
part or shank terminating in a flattened nose portion having its extreme end made
with an elongated askew rounded portion substantially as set out, and which nose
portion is formed of chilled iron.
16th. As an article of manufacture, a hammer die for drill and reamer forging
machines consisting of a body or shank terminating in a flattened nose portion
having its extreme end made with an elongated askew rounded portion sub-
stantially as set out.
:
Dated this 10th dox of Sentember A D 1800
CLAUS VAN HAAGEN.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.