IMPROVEMENTS IN PULVERIZING QUARTZ, MINERAL, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 32, Essex
Street, Strand, London, but now at Paris, Empire of France, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PULVERIZING QUARTZ, MINERAL, AND OTHER
HARD SUBSTANCES."-A communication.
Sealed the 7th December 1855,. and dated the 22nd June 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux.
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 22nd June 1855.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 32, Essex Street, Strand,
but now at Paris, Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PULVERIZING QUARTZ, MINERAL, & OTHER HARD
SUBSTANCES," a communication, to be as follows:-
In the machinery which forms the subject of this Invention the mineral or
other substance to be crushed, ground, or pulverized is supplied to the inside.
of a rotating pan or vessel, placed on a vertical or nearly vertical shaft with a.
rim, the inner periphery of which presents a curved or beveled surface, against
which the substance to be crushed, ground, or pulverized is distributed, and
held by the centrifugal force imparted to it by the rotation of the pan.
The improvement consists in combining with such a rotating on an axis or
axes radial or nearly so to the axis of the vessel, the said wheel or wheels
having a rounded or beveled tread, to act against the rim in such manner.

page_text: that, as the pan or vessel rotates, the plane of motion of the said wheel or
wheels shall be tangent to a circle of less diameter than, and form an angle
with, the plane of motion of the said pan or vessel, and thus cause the tread of
the wheel or wheels to have a grinding or slipping action against the inner
face of the rim, to reduce the substances there held by centrifugal action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, but now
at Paris, Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,' my executors; administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within.
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
-and-Isle-of-Man, an-Invention-for "IMPROVEMENTS-IN-PULVERIZING-QUARTZ,-
MINERAL, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," (a communication,) upon the condition
(amongst others)-that I, the said Auguste-Edouard Loradoux-Bellford, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,-and in what manner-the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly: described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
. In the machinery which forms the subject of this Invention the mineral or
other substance to be crushed, ground, or pulverized is supplied to the inside

page_text: of a rotating pan or vessel, placed on a vertical or nearly vertical shaft with a
rim, the inner periphery of which presents a curved or beveled surface, against
which the substance to be crushed, ground, or pulverized is distributed, and.
held by the centrifugal force imparted to it by the rotation of the pan.
The improvement consists in combining with such a rotating pan or vessel
a.wheel or wheels, rotating on an axis or axes radial or nearly so to the axis of
the vessel, the said wheel or wheels having a rounded or beveled tread,. to act
against the rim in such manner that, as the pan or vessel rotates, the plane of-
motion of the, said wheel or wheels shall be tangent to a circle of less diameter
than, and form an angle with, the plane of motion of the said pan or vessel, and
thus, cause the tread, of the wheel or wheels to have a grinding or slipping.
action against the inner face of the rim,, to reduce the substances there held by
centrifugal action.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates, my Invention; Fig. 1 being a plan,'
Fig. 2.a vertical section, Fig. 3 a side elevation, and Fig. 4 à section, of.
one of the wheels and part of the pan, showing the manner in which the
grinding surface, may be renewed. Similar letters of reference indicate
corresponding parts in the several Figures.
..A is the frame of the machine;..and B is a vertical shaft, receiving motion
from any suitable first, mover. This, shaft carries a pan C of cast iron near
its lower end, which pan is nearly flat, at the bottom, and has a rim D, whose
surface is curved to present in its transverse section nearly the form of a
quarter of a circle. The bottom is provided with apertures E, arranged in the
forin of a ring, and covered with wire cloth or other suitable material, to serve
as sieves to permit substances sufficiently fine to pass through: In constructing
the pan, if of large size, the hub or central portion within the openings E may
be cast in one piece and the portion without the openings in another, one piece:
being cast with arms d; d, to which to bolt the other. When not of very large
size, the pan may be cast all in one piece, if found convenient to do so. The
pan thus constructed. is secured to and rotates with the shaft. Above the
hub of the pan is the horizontal shaft G of the crushing wheels I, I. This
shaft rests in boxes F, secured to the framing; it is cranked at the middle-
of its length in order to make room for the upright shaft B, and to enable
it to form two arms a, a, to, stand, nearly radial to the said shaft B. The
crushing wheels I, I, are, fit to turn freely, one on each arm a of the shaft G,
with their peripheries:running in the bottom of the pan. The shaft G is not
required to move in a horizontal direction, and such motion is prevented by:
reason of its two bearings being out of line with each other; but it is desirable
that it should have, some, play, up and down, to enable the wheels to pass over

page_text: the different thicknesses of the substance to be ground, and therefore the
boxes F are fitted so as to allow such play; but to prevent the wheels rising too
easily and to increase their pressure, springs of india-rubber or other material
may be applied to them. The inner faces of the wheels may be flat, as repre-
sented, but the tread from the inner to the outer face should be curved, so that
when it comes in contact with the pan it should correspond nearly with the
curvature of the rim of the pan. The substance to be crushed, ground, or
pulverized is supplied in any suitable manner to the interior of the pan, and
thrown and held against the inner periphery thereof by centrifugal force; but
in order that it may be at once supplied near the rim of the pan, a disc H of
metal or other material is attached to the pan or its shaft, said disc extending
nearly to the inner faces of the wheels I, I, and preventing any of the substance-
falling with such part of the bottom of the pan as is covered by it. This disc
is shown partly broken away in Fig. 1, to show the screen below. Any of the
substance falling upon this disc H will be thrown off it by centrifugal force as
it revolves. The substance thus thrown and held against the rim of the pan is
caught between the surface of the rim and the tread of the wheels, and there
crushed and gradually ground until it is sufficiently reduced to pass-through
the meshes of the sieves, covering the apertures in the bottom of the pan; but
if sieves be not used, the matter will be discharged through the apertures, and
sifted afterwards, if necessary. If desired, the axles of the wheels I, I, may be
set radially to the shaft B, or they may be inclined, to bring their outer ends
higher or lower; or the rim of the pan and tread of the wheels may be beveled
instead of curved, but the mode of construction above described and represented
in the Drawing is preferable. The force or pressure of the wheels may be
increased either downwards or outwards by springs, or weighted levers applied
to the spindles in any suitable manner. The number of wheels. I, I, may be
one, two, or more, as may be considered desirable. To renew the grinding
surfaces of the wheels and rim of the pan, the wheels may be turned down to
receive a band or tire, and the pan may be turned out to receive a lining,
which could be removed when worn out and have a new band and ring sub-
stituted for them. This is illustrated in Fig. 4, where e represents the band
of one wheel, and f the lining ring of the pan.
The distinguishing characteristic of this Invention is clearly shown in Figs. 1
-and 2-of the Drawing.-- In-Fig.-2-it will--be-seen that the plane of-motion of
the wheels is tangent to a circle of less diameter than the rim, and in both
Figs. it will be seen that the said plane of motion must approximate more or
less to a right angle with the plane of motion of the pan.
Having thus fully described the particulars and nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it
to be distinctly understood that what I claim is, combining with the rotating
pan or vessel, having a rim against which the substance to be crushed is
distributed and held by centrifugal force, substantially as herein described, one
or more wheels with rounded or beveled treads turning on axes arranged
radially or nearly so to the axis of the pan or shell, and whose planes of motion
are tangent to a circle of less diameter than the rim of the pan, substantially
as and for the purpose herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
A. E. LOKADUUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)