Improvements in Hot Water Boilers and Steam Generators, and Fittings for the same.
Year: 1894

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Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1904
Complete Specification Left 24th Aug. 1895-Accepted. 24th Oct., 1895
Date of Application,
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Complete Specification Left 24th Aug.. 1595-Accepted. 24th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot Water Boilers and Steam Generators, and
Fittings for the same.
I EDWARD WELCOME HERENDEEN of South Main Street Geneva, New
York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows
This invention relates to the manner in which I construct and arrange boilers
for rapidly heating water for hot water supply in systems and also for rapidly
generating the steam for steam heating systems and for motive power purposes
generally, the objects of the invention being to provide a heater or boiler which
shall be simple in construction and economical in its provisions for the consumption
of fuel.
.
In carrying my invention into effect, when constructing a steam generator to be
employed particularly for the purposes of heating buildings, I make the shell or
outer body of the boiler or generator of metal, or I construct it with fire brick or
like material, having my improved fittings arranged within either the outer shell
When
of metal or fire brick as may be employed for any particular purpose.
constructing my boiler with its outer shell or external casing of metal, I provide
an asbestos or inner lining of a fire resisting nature, and I arrange the fire grate
upon a base or ash pit formed of metal and of the shape to suit the configuration
of the case of the boiler. I make the ash pit with a fire grate arranged within this
grate, being capable of a movement for shaking the fuel when upon it, and for
liberating the clinkers which may be formed by means of an external bar or
I cause the air
rocking lever, manipulated by hand or by other convenient means.
to enter the fire grate and then to pass upwards through the fuel so that the escaping
products of combustion and the heated currents of air may come into contact with a
wall of tubes, which I place vertically around my fire grate area, with just sufficient
space between them to permit of the egress of the hot air and products of com-
bustion, which then pass through a special back end of my boiler, having another
baffle plate or baffle wall of tubes to again take up the escaping heat before the
uptake or smoke pipe is finally reached.
I arrange my tubes around the fire box or fire area in a peculiar mainer, and I
form the tubes with a diaphragm or dividing central web running from the upper
open end to within a short distance of the lower closed end of each tube so that
each tube is formed with a double passage at its upper end, and a common passage
at its lower end, making a flow a delivery current possible, within the same tube,
with a minimum amount of friction. I make my tubes oval instead of round, and
I make the dividing plate preferably in one with the tubes, or I force in a web
plate when it is not convenient to construct the tubes with the web plate attached.
The upper ends of my tubes I form preferably circular, for entering into the crown
plate of the furnace, while the lower ends I make, sometimes, with a rib or other
projection to engage with a like recess formed upon the fire grate ring flange at
the bottom of my boiler shell. Instead of making my tubes to attach to the crown
plate of the furnace by screwing, I sometimes make the connection by means of
ferrules being driven into them to expand them into the tube in the usual well-
known manner employed for ordinary furnace tubes. The steam and water dome
of my boiler I arrange at the upper portion of the shell, the crown plate of the

page_text: furnace being the base plate of the steam and water dome, while the outer or upper
surface of the boiler head plate forms the top of the dome from which the steam
pipes, with the ordinary safety valve fittings and other like mountings and gauges,
are taken and attached to suit particular requirement. I arrange my uptake or
smoke stack or pipe upon or in connection with my boiler in such a manner as shall
cause the escaping products of combustion to be drawn past a baffle roll of tubes,
which are passed on the uptake side of my 'boiler and which do not drop to entire
depth of the other front tubes, thereby permitting the smoke to pass under them
and up the other outer surface before entering the uptake stack or pipe. I provide
these outer uptake hanging pipes with collecting and blow-off cocks and smaller
pipes, so that the sediment and other matter which may be deposited within these
less heated pipes may be drawn or blown off whenever desired; I also introduce
the cold water to supply my boiler water dome area through these outer hanging
pipes, thereby raising its temperature before it reaches the main body of the
water. These outer pipes 'I sometimes make without the diaphragm or dividing
web plate.
In addition to the circular roll or ring of elliptical tubes arranged to form the
inner wall of the fire box, I introduce smaller suspended tubes from the central
portion of my crown plate, these suspended shorter tubes having the diaphragms
within them and being of like section attached in a like manner to the crown
plates as hereinbefore described for the outer ring of tubes.
The draught door of my ash pit I make of any usual or ordinary shape, but I
provide a special regulating damper without my ash pit so as to cause the air from
the ash pit to either pass into the fire grate area, or to pass up the smoke stack
without first travelling through the fire area. I accomplish this in one convenient
manner by arranging a double vein plate, the veins being arranged to close either
one or the other of two openings leading respectively from the ash pit, and from
the bottom of the uptake area into the smoke stack collecting passage. Instead of
'having two veins I sometimes make a grid plate with a slide, which covers one or
the other of the openings, or a part of each of the openings as may be desired when
regulating the draught that is to pass through the furnace.
I introduce fuel through any ordinarily shaped stoking door, having catches and
mountings upon it for fastening and securing it in position.
When constructing my boilers of cast iron and for convenience of transport and
package, I sometimes make my steam domes to communicate with one set of pipes
attached to each, while another pipe conveys the hot water or steam from these
separate domes to a common delivery dome; by this arrangement I provide .a
number of independent domes or steam and water chambers, which can be readily
bandled and erected and then connected up to one main delivery.dome, from which
the steam or hot water for heating or power purposes may be taken. I arrange
these independent domes or chambers rectangularly or angularly for one fitting or
nesting with the other, there being common delivery or connecting pipes running
from each in order to preserve a constant water level in the system of separate
domes which I thus build up. I make my outer pipes or tubes near the uptake
end with shoulders sometimes at the upper portion, when I carry the pipes the full
depth of the furnace or boiler shell, and when it is desired to cause the heat currents
to pass up one side of the pipes and over the top of the projecting shoulders or
necks and then down the other side before being discharged. I employ any form
of safety delivery valve and other mountings upon my boiler and pipe connections,
and I sometimes arrange a common blow-off pipe or passage at the bottom of the
onter pipes for convenience in cleaning out the pipes and for rapidly removing the
sediment which may be deposited therein.
I provide an air space preferably between the inner shell of my boiler and the
outer shell or casing of the boiler to obviate loss of radiation.
When constructing a hot water boiler which is not required to generate steam
for heating purposes, I employ the same essential features of construction so far
as regards the diaphragm tubes and the central wall of tubes, as herein before

page_text: described, when making a steam generating boiler, but instead of allowing the outer
pipes to be the supply pipes for the cold water only, I make these outer pipes or
tubes, which are arranged in the uptake area, to serve as the return pipes from the
system of heating pipes which are employed in any particular manner for building
or for like purposes. Thus my steam dome area in my steam' generator becomes
my hot water flow area in my hot water boiler, and the hot water is taken from an
inner area or inner space formed upon the water dome by means of a dividing plate
running round' the ring of tubes and corresponding with the web plates beneath it
in each of the vertical tubes, and the outer space of the upper water chamber is
the colder area into which the return water is delivered from the vertical pipes
arranged in the uptake area. By this arrangement of dividing the dome or upper
water chamber, I am enabled to make an efficient flow and return arrangement of
connections upon the one boiler, the air supply and' baffle plates being arranged
similarly to the manner hereinbefore described. I build my pipes in brick work
settings which I arrange to suit the configuration of furnace required, the inner
pipes being in every case formed with the dividing web diaphragm, in order that, on
the one side, a down current is produced, and on the other side an up current is
produced, causing rapid circulation within each pipe and a minimum friction and
interior resistance to the water when in motion:
I construct my fire grates in various forins to suit the kind of fuel which is to be
employed, and I sometimes arrange burners for gas consumption' or for liquid fuel
beneath my grates, modifying the particular form of grate and connection to the
pipes to suit the peculiary requirements necessary for the consumption of the class
of fuel which is to be employed. I make my fire grates preferably with grids and
dust rings which may be turned or shaken for convenience in' cleaning and' for
removal of the ash and dust collecting within the furnace.
Dated the 21th day of October 1894.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings; London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Hot Water Boilers and Steam Generators, and
Fittings for the same:
I, EDWARD WELCOME HERENDEEN, of South Main Street Geneva, New
York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare. the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement::-
This invention relates to the manner in which I construct and arrange boilers
for rapidly heating water for hot water supply in systems, and' also for rapidly
generating the steam for steam heating systems and for motive power purposes
generally, the objects of the invention being to provide a heater or boiler which
shall be simple in construction and economical in its provisions for the consumption
of fuel.
In the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a generator embodying my invention, portions
of its outer shell, the dome and the water tubes being broken away for the purpose
of more clearly illustrating its construction.
Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view, taken on line 2-2, Figure 1..
Figure 3 is a detail' vertical sectional view, taken on line 3-3, Figure I, and
Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view, taken on line 4-4, Figure 3.
lu carrying my invention into effect, when constructing a steam generator to be

page_text: employed particularly for the purposes of heating buildings, I make the shell or
outer body A of the boiler or generator of metal, or I construct it with fire brick
or like material, having my improved fittings arranged within either the outer shell
of metal or fire brick as may be employed for any particular purpose. When con-
structing my
boiler with its outer shell or external casing A of metal, I provide an
asbestos or inner lining a² of a fire resisting nature between separated walls a a³,
and I arrange the fire grate upon a base or ash pit C formed of metal and of the
shape to suit the configuration of the case of the boiler. I make the ash pit grate
with openings c¹ c closed by plates cc secured in position by suitable fastening
means c. The plate is provided with an ash door of any desired construction,
and the plate c³ is formed with a bearing for the shaking spindle of the grate
immediately described. The opening c in the upright wall of the chamber C is of
greater width than the diameter of the grate frame C', shown by dotted lines at
Figure 2 for permitting insertion and withdrawal of said frame, and the opening c¹
is of greater width than the shaking spindle of said grate.
The grate frame C' is of any desired construction, and is suitably mounted, and
supports grate bars C3 having their corresponding ends connected together in the
usual manner by suitable connecting devices indicated by dotted lines at Figure 2,
and supported by the frame C₁ for simultaneously rocking said bars. As these
connecting devices form no part of my present invention, and as their construction
and operation will be readily understood by one skilled in the art, I have deemed
it unnecessary to further illustrate and describe the same. A rocking spindle C*
projects from one of the grate bars C through the opening c¹ and its outer end is
supported by the bearing c, and is readily engaged by an actuating crank, not
illustrated. When the plates c c are removed, the grate frame may be readily
moved laterally a sufficient distance to permit the passage of the spindle C³ through
the opening into the ash chamber, and then said frame may be withdrawn through
the opening c.
Supported at the upper part of the outer shell or jacket A is a dome D of any
desirable form, size, and construction, the top face of which may form the top wall
of the generator. I have here illustrated but a single dome, although a series of
domes arranged alongside of each other may be used if desired. The combustion
chamber E is arranged beneath the dome D, and is preferably enclosed by a series
of water tubes F, which are arranged outside of said chamber in a substantially
circular plane, although they may obviously be otherwise arranged. The tubes F
are preferably formed substantially elliptical, with the exception of their upper
extremities f, which are cylindrical, and are connected to the dome D, being
preferably provided with screw threads for engaging threaded openings d in the
lower walls of said dome. Partitions 1 extend lengthwise within the tubes F from
their upper ends to a point in close proximity to their lower ends, and effect a
positive up and down circulation in each tube.
The adjacent side edges of the tubes F are preferably separated for permitting
outward passage of the products of combustion from the chamber E, and thereby
effecting a better combustion of the fuel and a more perfect utilization of the heat
evolved than would otherwise be possible. As clearly seen at Figure 2, the side
edges of the water tubes F at the rear of the generator in proximity to the smoke
outlet A¹ are in close contact, and the side edges of the tubes directly opposite are
considerably separated. A number of the water tubes F adjacent to those con-
siderably separated are so arranged that the spaces between their side edges
decrease gradually from the front to the rear of the generator. Consequently, the
major part of the products of combustion passes from the chamber E between the
separated tubes F to the front of the generator, and thence backwardly at
the outside of said tubes to the rear of the generator.
In order to facilitate the effective escape of the products of combustion from the
chamber E, the upper extremities of a number of the tubes F are formed with cut-
outs in their side edges of unequal depth and length, and these cut-outs are s
, arranged that the one of greatest depth and length is substantially opposite to the

page_text: smoke outlet A', and the others decrease gradually in depth and length towards
said outlet. These cut-outs f cause the greater portion of the products of com
bustion passing to the front of the generator to rise to the top thereof. In the
preferable construction of my invention this desirable result is effected by cut-outs
of unequal length or width, but it is obvious that the cut-outs may be formed of
uniform length and varying width or vice versa.
The dome D is also provided with a series of shorter water tubes F1 arranged
above the combustion chamber E, such beiug secured to the dome D by means of a
screw thread which is provided upon their circular extremities, which engage in
threaded openings in the dome; and also preferably formed with diaphragms for
insuring a positive circulation in each tube, but the arrangement of these tubes
forms no part of my present invention. These shorter tubes F' are preferably of
uniforin length and terminate at f' (Figure 1). At the outside of the rear water
tubes F are an additional series of water tubes F2 having their upper ends connected
to the drum D and their side edges in close proximity. As clearly seen at
Figures 1 and 2, the rear tubes F are considerably shorter than the tubes F, and
the side edges of the outer tubes F are arranged in close contact with the inner
wall of the outer shell or jacket A.
The tubes F' thus form a wall at the rear of the tubes F for partially shutting
off or deflecting the passage of the products of combustion discharged into the
shell or jacket A. between the pipes F from the combustion chamber. Consequently,
the products of combustion are compelled to pass downwardly beneath the lower
ends of the tubes F at the rear of the generator, and thence upwardly to the
outlet A¹ This arrangement of the tubes F F2 is very effective in thoroughly
utilizing the heat of the products of combustion. To facilitate the accomplishment
of this desirable result, the return pipes F³ discharge into the lower ends of the
tubes F, and, as any mud or other sediment in the generator accumulates in the
tubes F, the pipes F are provided with outlet valves through which the mud or
other sediment may be discharged.
Directly above the dome D is a supplemental dome G preferably formed integral
therewith, and, as clearly seen at Figures 3 and 4, the top wall of the dome D is
provided with openings d², which connect the domes D G. The dome G is
preferably formed U-shaped, although it may be otherwise constructed, and
opening therefrom are the outgoing steam pipes 9, 9. If desired, a pipe g¹
connected to a steam gauge 93, unnecessary to herein illustrate or describe, may
open from the dome G. In order to prevent upward passage of the water into the
supplemental dome G, I arrange beneath the openings d² cross bars d³ of greater
width than the diameter of the openings 2. The supplemental dome G insures
the discharge of dry steam when my invention is used as a generator, and adds
greatly to its efficiency. It is obvious, however, that my invention may be used as
a hot water generator, and in that event the supplemental dome may be dispensed
with if desired and the pipes 9 g may open from the dome D.
When constructing my boilers of cast iron and for convenience of transport and
package, I sometimes make my steam domes to communicate with one set of pipes
attached to each, while another pipe conveys the hot water or steam from these
separate domes to a common delivery dome; by this arrangement I provide a
number of independent domes or steam and water chambers, which can be readily
handled and erected and then connected up to one main delivery dome, from which
the steam or hot water for heating or power purposes may be taken. I arrange
these independent domes or chambers rectangularly or angularly for one fitting or
nestling with the other, there being common delivery or connecting pipes running
from each in order to preserve a constant water level in the system of separate
domes which I thus build up. I make my outer pipes or tubes near the uptake end
with shoulders sometimes at the upper portion, when I carry the pipes the full
depth of the furnace or boiler shell, and when it is desired to cause the heat
currents to pass up one side of the pipes and over the top of the projecting shoulders
or necks and then down the other side before being discharged. I employ any form

page_text: Of Sarety delivery valve and other mountings upon my boiler and pipe connections,
and I sometimes arrange a common blow-off pipe or passage at the bottom of the
outer pipes for convenience in cleaning out the pipes and for rapidly removing the
sediment which may be deposited therein.
When constructing a hot water boiler which is not required to generate steam
for heating purposes, I employ the same essential features of construction so far
as regards the diaphragm tubes and the central wall of tubes, as hereinbefore
described, when making a steam generating boiler; but instead of allowing the outer
pipes to be the supply pipes for the cold water only; ['make these outer pipes or
tubes, which are arranged in the uptake area, to serve as the return pipes from the
system of heating pipes which are employed in any particular manner for building
or for like purposes. Thus my steam dome area in my steam generator becomes
my hot water flow area in my hot water boiler, and the hot water is taken from an
inner area or inner space formed upon the water dome by means of a dividing
plate running round the ring of tubes and corresponding with the web plates
beneath it in each of the vertical tubes, and the outer space of the upper water
chamber is the colder area into which the return water is delivered from the
vertical pipes arranged in the uptake area. By this arrangement of dividing the
dome or upper water chamber, am enabled to make an efficient flow and return
arrangement of connections upon the one boiler; the air supply and baffle plates
being arranged similarly to the manner herein before described. I build my pipes
in brick work settings which I arrange to suit the configuration of furnace required,
the inner pipes being in every case formed with the dividing web diaphragm, in
order that, on the one side, a down current is produced, and on the other side an
up current is produced, causing rapid circulation within each pipe and a minimum
friction and interior resistance-to the water when in motion.
I' construct my fire grates in various forms to suit the kind of fuel which is to
be employed, and 1 sometimes arrange burners for gas consumption or for liquid
fuel beneath my grates, modifying the particular form of grate and connection to
the pipes to suit the peculiar requirements necessary for the consumption of the
class of fuel which is to be employed. I make my fire grates preferably with
grids and dust rings which may be turned' or shaken for convenience in cleaning
and for removal of the ash and dust collecting within the furnace.
Having now particularly described and, ascertained the nature. of my said inven-
tion, and in what. manner the. same is.to. be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
-
1. In a generator; the combination of a dome, and a series of upright water tubes
connected to the dome and' arranged outside of the combustion chamber, substan-
tially as and for the purposes herein before described and as illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
2. In a generator, the combination of a dome, and a series of upright water
tubes connected to the dome and arranged. outside of the combustion chamber, one
or a number of said tubes having cut-outs in their side edges of unequal depth for
permitting passage of the products of combustion, substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In a generator, the combination of a dome, and a series of upright water
tubes connected to the dome and arranged outside of the combustion chamber,
said tubes having their side edges unequally separated for permitting passage of
the products of combustion between said edges, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
4. In a generator, the combination of a shell for receiving the products of
combustion provided with an outlet, a dome, and a series of depending water tubes
within the shell opening from the dome and arranged outside of the combustion
chamber, the water tubes substantially opposite to the outlet being separated a
greater distance than the tubes nearest to the outlet for permitting passage of the
products of combustion, and the tubes adjacent to said opposite tubes being

page_text: separated a less distance than the same for permitting the passage of a less amount
of the products of combustion, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In a generator, the combination of a dome, a series of water tubes conuected
to the dome and arranged outside of the combustion chamber, a number of said.
tubes being unequally separated for regulating the passage of the products of
combustion, and an additional series of tubes for deflecting the products of com-
bustion arranged at the outside of the former tubes and substantially opposite to
the unequally separated tubes, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6. In a generator, the combination of a dome, a series of upright water tubes
connected to the dome and arranged outside of the combustion chamber, and a
supplemental dome connected to the former dome, substantially as and for the
purpose herein before specified and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
7. In a generator, the combination of a grate provided with a shaking spindle,
an ash chamber beneath the grate having an opening in its upright wall of greater
width than the diameter of the grate for permitting insertion and removal of the
grate, and a second opening of greater width than the diameter of the shaking
spindle through which said spindle projects, a plate removably secured to said wall
for closing the former opening, and provided with a movable ash door, and a second
plate for closing the latter opening provided with a bearing for the shaking spindle,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
D
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1005
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.