Improvements in the Preparation of Manure, and in Appliances for effecting the same.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 8th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Preparation of Manure, and in Appliances for
effecting the same.
I, HEINRICH HENCKE, of 15 Liebig Strasse, Darmstadt, in the German
Empire, Director, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as
follows:
It is well known that the excrements of human beings and animals contain some
of the richest and most valuable ingredients for manuring land, such as ammonia,
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and various mineral ingredients; and the object
of my invention is to prepare such materials for use, without allowing the various
ingredients to escape or become inert; and also rendering the same innocuous.
In carrying out my invention, I make use of oxide of iron, sulphate or peroxide
of iron, and other suitable chemicals for deodorising the excreta, which is collected
in a series of receptacles consisting of closed vessels. Each vessel is fitted with
rotating arms attached to a spindle passing through a stuffing box and driven by
suitable machinery. The acidulated material is carried to the lower part of each
vessel. The ammonia and other vapours are carried in like manner from one vessel
to another, and is ultimately collected in suitable vessels for use as required.
Dated 21st March 1894.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Preparation of Manure, and in Appliances for
effecting the same.
I, HEINRICH HENCKE, of 15 Liebig Strasse, Darmstadt, in the German
Empire, Director, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
It is well known that the excrements of human beings and animals contain some
of the richest and most valuable ingredients for manuring land, such as ammonia,
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and various mineral ingredients; and the object
of my invention is to prepare such materials for use, without allowing the various
ingredients to escape or become inert, and also to render the same innocuous.
My invention consists in the application of oxide of iron, sulphate or peroxide of
iron, and sulphate of alumina, and chemicals of a similar nature, to the aforesaid
exrementitious matters, in the proportion of about one per cent. of the weight
of the fæcal matter. The strongly oxidising properties of these acids fully
decompose the sulphuretted hydrogen formed in the decomposition of the
fæcal matters, and their organic derivatives. If the manure is required to be
used in a dry state, the fecal matters are treated with the solid salts in suitable
vessels, and raised by pumping to suitably prepared dry surface, whereby an
odourless product is formed, containing all the nitrogen as sulphate of ammonia.
[Price 8d.]

page_text: If dry manure is not required, solutions of the above mentioned acids (dioxides) are
used, while the nitrogenous gases or vapours are conveyed through a suitable
arrangement of earthenware vessels.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascer-
tained, reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar
letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan, illustrating an arrangement of
apparatus suitable for carrying out my invention.
Earthenware vessels A' A2 A3 are arranged in groups, as shown, so that the
process may be rendered continuous, one set being shut off for removal of the
ingredients while the other set is in operation. B is the main pipe. E, E, are
joints to the branch pipes. C1, C2, are connecting pipes from one vessel to another.
C³ are pipes in connection with additional receivers, or with pumps for pumping out
the materials. Each vessel is fitted with a vertical shaft D, rotated by bevel
gearing. D', D', are radial arms fixed to the lower ends of the shafts D, for
mixing the materials. The joints E are provided for disconnecting one set of
vessels at a time, suitable stop cocks being sometimes added.
The exreta and urine is pumped into the vessels through the main pipe B,
together with about one per cent., in weight, of a strong solution of oxide of iron,
sulphate or peroxide of iron, sulphate of alumina, or chemicals of a similar nature.
These chemicals are used in the form of a solution of the strength of about
20° Beaume.
In order to carry on properly and advantageously the evaporation of the water
from the excrements, and the ammonia and iron combined or mixed therewith, by
the means aforesaid, and with the aid of dioxyde lyes, exhausting pumps or
apparatus are applied to the pipes C³, whereby the vapours are uniformly drawn
through all the vessels.
When the operation of mixing and stirring has been continued for a time, there
occurs a separation of ferric hydrate or alumina hydrate, while the ammonia is
taken up by the sulphuric acid contained in the excreta, thereby forming sulphate
of ammonia, which remains in solution. To further recover the ammonia, after
saturation in the vessels shown in the drawings, the contents are dried in separate
steam-heated apparatus or otherwise, with the insoluble oxide hydrates.
By disconnecting the junction pipes C1, C2, C3, the covers of the vessels are
capable of being raised upon the vertical shafts for removing the solid and other
contents of the vessels.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. The improvements in the preparation of manure, and in appliances for effecting
the same, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and
illustrated by the drawings.
2 The method of and means and appliances for deodorising feal or excre-
mentitious matters and urine, substantially as herein before described and illustrated
by the drawings.
3. In the preparation and drying of manure, the collection and concentration of
ammonia, or volatile amine vapours produced during the desiccation of fæcal or
excrementitious matters or urine, by means of a solution of oxide of iron, sulphate
or peroxide of iron, sulphate of alumina, or chemicals of a similar nature,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
Dated 7th December 1894.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.