Improved Apparatus for Raising Liquids.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Oct., 1893-Accepted, 4th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Raising Liquids.
I, JAMES MACTEAR, of 2 Victoria Mansions, Westminster, Chemical Expert,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improved apparatus for raising liquids, and has for its
object more especially the raising of water from deep wells and the like.
The improved apparatus operates by the injection or delivery of air in minute
bubbles into the lower part of a column of liquid, which, at its lower part, is in
communication with the supply of liquid to be raised, so as to cause the gravity of
said column of liquid to be lessened relatively to that of an equal column of the
said supply, whereby the surplus gravity of the latter is rendered instrumental in
raising the column of commingled liquid and air in a continuous stream to the
desired level.
In accordance with one modification of the invention, as applied, say, to a well,
a delivery pipe of any suitable diameter proportionate to the amount of water to
be raised is arranged within the well, descending to the required depth below the
surface of the supply. At its lower end, the pipe is fitted with an inlet of peculiar
formation, the same being adapted to mechanically direct the supply of water to
within the delivery pipe. Said inlet pipe may be of an annular cup-like formation,
or of a duplex, triplex or other multiplex tubular formation leading to a common
central part, from which a delivery jet of compressed air emerges, the latter being
directed preferably centrally of the superimposed column of water in the delivery
pipe or being dispersed therein by a rose-like or other equivalent device. Said
inlet is in communication with a compressed air reservoir which is kept charged by
a connected air-compressor.
In another modification, the upper end of the delivery pipe opens into the upper
part of a separating chamber situated on or above the surface of the ground, and
from the-upper part of which the air is exhausted, the water discharging from its
lower part by a syphon-like outlet, a supply of air (which can be suitably regulated)
being at the same time admitted to said delivery pipe at its lower part to com-
mingle with and lessen the gravity of the water therein for the purpose and with
the object aforesaid.
In another modification, such previously described arrangements may be combined,
so as to utilise both strokes of the air-compressor, the one in compressing the air
to be injected into the delivery pipe, as aforesaid, and the other in exhausting the
air from the separating chamber, as aforesaid.
The construction of said inlet to the delivery pipe of the apparatus may be
modified in various ways.
1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Raising Liquids.
I, JAMES MACTEAR, of 2, Victoria Mansions, Westminster, Chemical Expert,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the raising of liquids by apparatus of the kind wherein
the desired elevation is effected by the agency of compressed air or the like injected
into or of air supplied to the lower part of a tubular conduit submerged in or
equivalently in connection with a supply of liquid to be raised, so as to cause the
. gravity of the column of liquid within such conduit to be lessened relatively to
that of an equal column of said supply, whereby the surplus gravity of the latter
is rendered instrumental in continuously raising the column of liquid and air
within the conduit to the desired level at which it discharges.
The object of the invention is to improve the action of such apparatus, and to
this end I proceed as hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying
drawings on which ;-
Fig. 1, represents a sectional elevation. of such apparatus embodying one
modification of the present improvements.
Fig. 2, represents a sectional plan on the line a, b, Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, represents, in sectional elevation, a modified arrangement of the inlet to
the delivery pipe.
Fig. 4, represents a sectional plan on the line c, d, Fig. 3.
Fig. 5, represents, in sectional elevation, and in part, a modified arrangement of
the apparatus.
7, represents an artesian well or other source of supply of the water or other
liquid to be raised; and 8, represents an air-compressor, and 9, an air-reservoir
(each of which may be of any suitable construction) for supplying a continuous
and controllable supply of compressed air. 10, represents the liquid delivery pipe,
which may be made of any suitable diameter proportionate to the quantity of
liquid to be raised, and is suspended within the well in any suitable manner,
descending below the surface of the supply to any required depth, and extending
upwards to the required height of delivery; and 11, represents a compressed air-
supply pipe of any suitable diameter proportionate to that of the pipe 10, which
leads the compressed air from the air-reservoir to the inlet to the pipe 10, and is
provided with a stop-cock 12, or other suitable means for controlling such supply
of air.
The lower end of the pipe 10, is fitted or formed with an inlet 13, of peculiar
formation, the same being adapted to mechanically direct the supply of flowing
water to within such pipe. Said inlet may be of an open-ended, annular, cup-like
formation depending from the end of the pipe 10, vide Figs. 1, and 2, or it may be
of a duplex formation with a lower cup-like part 13*, inverted relatively to the
part 13, vide Figs. 3, and 4, and supported at its central part by the air-supply
pipe 11, or otherwise.
The lower end of the pipe 11, is fitted or formed with a delivery-jet or nozzle 14,
which projects into the water-inlet 13, and is directed centrally towards but
terminates some distance below the lower end of the delivery-pipe 10.
The compressed air may be delivered to the pipe 10, at any required pressure
and in any required quantity, according to the depth at which the liquid has to be
drawn, the height at which it is required to be elevated, the diameter of the
delivery-tube and the quantity of the liquid required to be elevated in any given
time.
As the compressed air emerges from the outlet of the pipe 11, it expands within
the pipe 10, to an extent determined by its initial pressure (which must always

page_text: exceed so that it may overcome that due to the head of the supply of liquid) by
the quantity entering, and by the overlying water in the delivery pipe.
If the size of the pipe 11, is properly proportioned to that of the pipe 10, to
admit the compressed air in sufficient quantity, (the sectional areas of such pipes
being say in the ratios of 1 to 2 or 1 to 3 or thereabouts) and the pressure of the
air be adjusted so as to be, in the normal operation of the apparatus, just in excess
of that of the liquid-supply at the level of the delivery of the compressed air, the
air and liquid will, in the normal operation of the apparatus, be so balanced as
that they will alternate in and upon entering the delivery pipe 10, and will remain.
separate while traversing the same, and the air will continue to expand as it ascends
the pipe 10, owing to the continually lessening overlying pressure consequent on
the discharge of the overlying liquid, the traverse of which from the inlet to the
outlet of the pipe will consequently be continuously accelerated;-The air outlet 14,
may, however, be fitted with a rose-like or other equivalent device for causing the
compressed air issuing therefrom to be dispersed in bubbles, when the air and water
will be caused to enter the pipe in a more or less commingled state.
According to a modification illustrated, in part, in Fig. 5, and with which either
of the water and air inlet devices hereinbefore described may be used, I cause the
upper end of the delivery pipe 10, to discharge into the upper part of a separating
chamber 15, situated at any suitable height or of any suitable length determined
by the depth at which the liquid enters the pipe, and from the upper part of which
the air is exhausted through a connection 16, by any suitable means, and from the
lower part of which the water discharges through a syphon-like or sealed outlet 17,
a supply of air (which can be regulated by the tap or cock 12,) being at the same
time admitted by an open pipe 11, to the inlet to the pipe 10, by the means afore-
said, to ascend with and lessen the gravity of the water therein for the purpose and
with the object aforesaid.
According to another modification, such previously described arrangements may
be used in combination, so as to utilize both strokes of the air-compressor,—the one
in compressing the air into the one delivery pipe, and the other in exhausting the
air from the separating chamber into which the other delivery pipe discharges.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
In liquid raising apparatus of the nature aforesaid :-
:-
1. The formation of the inlet end of the liquid delivery pipe of an open-ended,
annular, cup-like formation adapted to mechanically direct the supply of flowing
liquid and air to within such pipe, as hereinbefore described.
2. The combination with the inlet end of the delivery pipe of an inlet of an
open-ended, aunular, cup-like formation adapted to mechanically direct the supply
of flowing liquid and the air to within such pipe, as herein before described.
3. The application and use in combination with the subject matter of Claim 1,
of an inverted, cup-like inlet adapted to co-act with said open-ended, annular, cup-
like inlet end of the delivery-pipe in mechanically directing the supply of flowing
liquid to within such pipe, as herein before described.
4. The like application and use, in combination with the subject matter of
Claim 2.
5. The application and use in combination with the subject-matters of Claims 1
to 4, respectively, of a compressed air delivery pipe formed or fitted with an
upturned delivery jet or nozzle centrally disposed in relation to the superimposed
column of water in the delivery pipe and adapted to deliver such air into the
said water-inlet, below the inlet end of the delivery-pipe proper, in any desired
quantity and at any required pressure, as herein before described.
6. The further combination with each of the combinations included in Claim 5,
respectively, of a rose-like or other equivalent device fitted to the air delivery jet
or nozzle for dispersing the air in bubbles as it issues therefrom.

page_text: 7. The modification hereinbefore described in which the delivery pipe discharges
into a separating chamber from which the air is exhausted and from which the
water discharges through a sealed outlet, and in which air is admitted by an open
pipe to the lower end of the delivery pipe.
8. The combination of each of the described arrangements wherein compressed
air is injected into the water delivery pipe, respectively, with the subject matter of
Claim 7, so as to utilize both strokes of the air-compressor, the one in causing the
air to be injected into the one delivery pipe and the other in exhausting the air
from the separating chamber into which the other delivery pipe discharges.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1893.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.