matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLASTER AND CEMENT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Duke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1869.
I, JOSEPH DUKE, of Havelock House, Mannamead, near Plymouth,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLASTER AND CEMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
plaster and cement.
In manufacturing plaster and cement I employ mountain or other
limestone, chalk, or other calcareous matter, and mix with such
materials, either in an unburnt or burnt state, sand, ground flint, or
other silicious substances.
The following is the manner in which I prefer to proceed :-I either
grind the limestone, chalk, or other calcareous substances in an unburnt
state, or first burn the same in a kiln or oven, and then grind or slack it
by air, or use the said burnt substances without being ground. I then
intimately mix with it, either in a pug mill, wash mill, or mixing
machine, sand, ground flint, or other silicious substances with sufficient

page_text: water to form it into a state similar to mortar; or I mix the sand,
ground flint, or other silicious substances and grind it with the lime,
and then mix it in the pug mill, wash mill, or mixing machine, the
mixture so made is then allowed to dry, and burnt in a similar way to
plaster, or in a kiln in the same way as lime or Portland cement, it is
then ground in the usual way as plaster of Paris or cement.
The proportions I use for a pure lime is equal weights of lime and
sand, burnt flint, or other silicious substances; if it is a siliceous lime,
two parts of lime to one part of sand, ground flint, or other siliceous
substances. The quantities will vary with the nature of the limestone,
chalk, or other calcareous substances.
The plaster or cement made by this process can be used for mouldings,
internally as well as externally, it acts quickly, and becomes as hard in
a few hours as the plaster of Paris or London Portland cement. By this
process limestone, chalk, or other calcareous substances can be converted
into a most valuable plaster or cement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND IRON
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Ansell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th February 1869.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK ANSELL, of No. 27, Bernard Street, Russell
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Analytical Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND IRON," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the conversion of cast iron into steel or
into wrought iron by the use of bi-sulphate of potash or bi-sulphate of
soda, or of a mixture of the two, to act upon the metal in a molten state,
and applied in such a manner as to act throughout the mass of melted
metal. For this purpose the bi-sulphate may be placed at the bottom
of a vessel lined with fire-clay, which may be called the converting
chamber or receiver, and the melted cast iron poured upon it. This
converting chamber may also have ridges or ledges ranged round its
interior, upon which the bi-sulphate may also be placed, or it may be
placed in layers between thin plates of cast iron or in recesses in the
bottom of the converting chamber. The bi-sulphate may also be first

page_text: heated or melted before being used, and it may be poured into the
chamber or receiver simultaneously with the melted metal, so that their
admixture may commence in the act of being poured into the receiver.
By means of the oxygen contained in the sulphuric acid of the bi-
sulphate any phosphorus, sulphur, carbon, and silicon contained in the
melted pig iron will be eliminated by the chemical action which will
take place. The receiver may have a tap-hole at the bottom to run off
the converted metal. The particular mode of using the bi-sulphate will
depend upon the nature or quality of the metal to be acted upon.
The quantity of bi-sulphate to be employed must depend upon the
amount and proportions of phosphorus, sulphur, carbon, silicon, or other
impurities contained in the pig iron, which must be ascertained by
analysis, and the quantity of bi-sulphate used must be so proportioned
as that there may be enough to supply sufficient oxygen to combine with
those impurities. It may be so proportioned as not to remove the whole
of the carbon, so that steel may be produced. If wrought iron is required
the whole of the carbon must be removed, and if steel is required to be
made from this wrought iron a sufficient quantity of spiegeleisen may
be added to recarburise the iron. Where there is a smelting furnace the
melted metal may be run from it into the converter direct, so that the
conversion may be without any intermediate heating or remelting, or it
may be run through tubes or channels containing the bi-sulphate into
moulds or other vessels for ingots or pigs.
CERTAIN. IMPROVE- MENTS IN CASTORS FOR TABLES, SOPAS, PIANOS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Moore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1869:
I, THOMAS MOORE, of the Firm of Moore Brothers, of Aston, near-
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cabinet Brass Founders, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CASTORS FOR TABLES, SOPAS, PIANOS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as:
follows, that is to say :-
My improvements relate to the description of castors known as ball
castors, and consist in forming for convenience a cup or recess below
the castor socket for receiving the ball, which ball takes a bearing
against radiating friction rollers, which friction rollers I purpose securing
between ears or lugs projecting from a plate working on a centre axis,
secured concentrically to the bottom of the castor socket, in order that
the said friction rollers may adapt themselves more readily to the
direction in which it may be desirable to move the article of furniture
to which my improvements are applied..

page_text: In some instances I purpose fixing as far from the centre as con-
venient friction rollers, the axes of which radiate from the centre on
which the roller plate works; these rollers will further assist in the free
rotation of the plate carrying the friction rollers, in contact with the
ball or spherical bowl of the castor when in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR WASHING GRAIN AND OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Feild Whitehurst at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1869.
I, FREDERICK FEILD WHITEHURST, of Cambridge Cottage, Richmond
Road, Putney, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND
MACHINERY FOR WASHING GRAIN AND OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be
as follows:-
First. A centrifugal distributor, which revolves on a pivot, and having
two branches or a disc perforated or slit on the under side in order to
feed the mash tun or other vessel in a uniform and continuous manner,
so as to distribute the grain over the whole area of the tun.
Second. By means of rousers working in a contrary direction to
cause the greatest amount of agitation in the tun or vessel, so as to
prevent the conglomeration of the grain when fed in.

page_text: Third. By means of a closed vessel constructed for the admission of
steam and for readily controlling the temperature of the vessel, so as to
produce a result hitherto unattained.
Third. By means of a close vessel constructed of wood or metal used
with lead fitted with steam guage and valve for the purpose of regulating 5
the temperatures, and thereby causing partial or total conversion of the
grain at pleasure and ensuring the largest products therefrom.
IN- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES OR APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1869.
I, RICHARD WOOD, of the Firm of "John Wood and Company," of
Sowerby Bridge, near Halifax, in the County of York, Engineers and
Millwrights, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES OR APPLICABLE THERETO," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means or apparatus for working or operating
the cut-off valves used in connection with steam engines.
These improvements consist in the application of a separate small
steam cylinder and piston with ordinary slide valve; the piston rod
thereof is connected with another rod in communication with and giving
motion to the spindle of the cut-off valve. The valve rod is provided
with two collars or shoulders, between which are two cams mounted
upon a hollow spindle, within which works a slidable rod connected to
the governor by a bell-crank lever and connecting rod. In the aforesaid
slidable rod are fixed two projecting studs or pins passing through slots-
cut or formed in the hollow spindle parallel to its axis and "made to
enter into oblique slots formed in the cams respectively, so that when

page_text: the slidable rod is moved in either direction in the said hollow spindle
the projecting studs or pins will move the cams thereon, altering their
position in such manner as will cause the steam to be admitted into
either one or the other end of the said small steam cylinder as may be
required, thus giving motion to the piston therein, and thereby move the
spindle of the cut-off valve, and by the varying action of the governor
causing the steam to be cut off sooner or later, and the action of the
governor being quick the cut-off is quickly effected. On the said hollow
spindle a leg is fixed and connected by a rod to the leg fixed on the
rocking shaft, which is thereby worked with the motion of the engine.
To avoid concussion of the piston against the ends of the steam cylinder
I employ an air cylinder with one or two pistons and rod in connection
with the said steam piston rod, which cylinder is suitably constructed to
form an air cushion. This apparatus can be worked by either steam,
air, water, gas, or vacuum, as may be most conveniently applied.
The Invention is applicable to slide valves, piston valves, and all other
kinds of valves, but more particularly to piston valves, also to horizontal,
vertical, direct acting, and beam engines.
IM- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Briggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
August 1869.
I, THOMAS BRIGGS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Doubler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus for detaining broken ends of yarns
or threads when being spun or doubled by means of throstles or other
machines provided with flyers or travellers, and which apparatus acts as
a "snarl catcher." To accomplish this object I use the ordinary curl or
its equivalent, and add to it a projecting end extending towards the
bobbin. Around this part the thread or threads are turned, and when a
thread or threads break they are retained thereby; or if an obstruction
to the passage of the thread or threads occurs at the flyer the slackened
portion winds upon the said projecting part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAPS AND IN SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL DIAGRAMS TO FACILITATE REFERENCES AND ASCERTAIN DISTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
August 1869.
I, JOHN WILLIAMS, of Wigginton Rectory, Oxon, Clerk, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAPS
AND IN SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL DIAGRAMS TO FACILITATE REFERENCES AND
ASCERTAIN DISTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention in maps consists in fixing on a centre in any map,
chart, or other diagram, and from that centre describing various con-
centric equidistant circles, the distance apart or pitch of such circles being
regulated by the scale of the map. These circles I alternately or
variously tint faintly so as to guide the eye in determining distances
without sacrificing the clearness or legibility of the map. Having drawn
a line vertically through the centre from north to south, intersected
horizontally by a line drawn through the centre from east to west, I
describe equidistant parallel lines vertically and horizontally tangental
to the circles above described. The squares thus formed I may also
alternately tint so as to produce a chequered appearance. By means of
this system of measurement (which I call by preference the myriocentric

page_text: system) a traveller may readily judge his distance radially from the
centre or vertically or horizontally from any one part to any other part
of any such map or chart. My system is specially adapted for
determining distances for cabs or other public vehicles, and is applicable
to scientific and educational diagrams.
AN IMPROVED SANITARY COMPOSITION OR CEMENT FOR BUILDING AND ORNAMENTING PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kennedy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
October 1869.
I, JAMES KENNEDY, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SANITARY COMPOSITION OR CEMENT FOR BUILDING AND ORNAMENTING PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved sanitary composition or cement
to be used for building and ornamenting purposes, and consists in
preparing the said cement with sanitary ingredients and without acids
entering into its composition, whereby walls and other parts of buildings
coated or formed thereof are rendered more healthy than when the
usual compositions are used.
My improved sanitary composition or cement is composed of gypsum,
mustard, and camphor in the following approximate proportions, viz. :—
To 20 lbs. of gypsum add 1lb. of mustard and 1 lb. of camphor; but
these quantities can be increased or diminished in proportion as the
sanitary ingredients (i.e., the mustard and camphor) require to be more
or less predominant.

page_text: The acids used in the ordinary cements have very injurious effects
upon the atmosphere breathed by persons in a room, as they act upon
the paint or other chemical compositions in the paper or on the wall and
cause unwholesome vapours to arise therefrom, but the absence of acids
and the presence of the above-mentioned substances tend to considerably
purify the atmosphere, and therefore render a house or other building
more healthy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Josephus Colls and
Alfred Edwin Bull at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th April 1869.
We, ROBERT JOSEPHUS COLLS and ALFRED EDWIN BULL, both of
Reading, in the County of Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in fastenings applicable for
boots, shoes, gaiters, stays, and other articles which are usually laced or
buttoned,
In carrying out our Invention as applied to boots and shoes the two
edges of the upper which are to be secured or united for the purpose of
fastening the boot are each provided with a bead or rounded edge, formed
preferably by turning the edge of the leather over a gut or other cord;
these two beaded edges are held together by a number of X-shaped
fastenings of metal or other material attached at convenient distances
apart to a flexible strip prolonged at one or both ends to form a tab by
which the row of fastenings may be slid on or off the beaded edges before

page_text: mentioned for the purpose of securing or unfastening the boot, as the
case may be. The curved ends of the fastenings before referred to
embrace and grip the rounded or beaded edges formed on the boot or
other article, and each fastening may be provided with a button head,
stud, or other suitable ornament for the purpose of concealing the same.
We further provide the strip or mounting which is inserted underneath
the beaded edges before referred to with a suitable stop at either end to
prevent its being drawn entirely beyond the limits of the beads upon
which the fastenings slide. In this manner when the row of fastenings
is drawn on the beaded edges of the boot or other article, by means of
one of the tabs before mentioned, said edges will be drawn and held
together until released by withdrawing the fastening therefrom.
We may also reverse the above arrangement and rivet or otherwise
attach a continuous tube of metal or other material (or there may be a
series of short tubes or clasps) on both edges of the boot front or other
article. These tubes are each provided with a slit or opening on the
inside for receiving a flexible tongue, or strip of leather, or other material
having a bead formed on each edge by turning it over a gut or cord.
The beaded edges of the tongue are received in the tubes attached to the
boot or other article, the two edges of which are secured by drawing in
the said tongue, and released by withdrawing it as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES AND VEHICLES OR MACHINERY WHEN CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Meldrum at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1869.
I, ROBERT MELDRUM, of Pittormie Cupar, in the County of Fife,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING LOCOMOTIVE AND
OTHER ENGINES AND VEHICLES OR MACHINERY WHEN CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in making communication from the steam
boiler, air, gas, or water chamber directly to or about that part of the
cylinder whence the steam, air, gas, or water escapes after having done its
work in the cylinder, that is, by having at this part or other convenient
position a valve or valves so placed that after the motive power is shut
off from driving the engine it or they, being opened or shut, may be shut
and opened, preventing the said motive power from issuing from the exit
tube, at the same time allowing it to bear on the piston. The valves that
regulate the motive power for driving the piston will, of course, also
regulate it for stopping; in other words, when the piston is in the act
of performing a stroke, the motive power will be able to exert its force

page_text: against it, and when returning from the stroke the piston, so to speak,
behind the stroke, will not be thereon acted by the motive power,
therefore causing the engine to stop. The power for regulating the
stoppage may be applied as that for driving the engine. The valve or
valves may be operated on by a handle or handles under the control of
the driver.
I can effect the object of this Invention by providing a communication
between the engine boiler, air, gas, or water chamber and the exit pipe
from the cylinder, and to a suitable part of this communication fixing a
valve or valves or other like mechanism, by the action of which the
waste steam from the cylinder is prevented from leaving exit pipe,
and is caused to act against the piston in the direction opposite to its
movement, thus providing for the stoppage of the engine. The com-
munications may be varied to suit the circumstances of the case, and the
valves may be of various kinds, or stop-cocks or slides will answer the
purpose, which valves, slides, or cocks may be actuated by hand or
otherwise. In some cases I use a cock formed like a ball working in a
socket, with openings therein, which may be formed something like an
ordinary water or other stop-cock. If found necessary I should have the
stop-cock or slides large enough to admit of an opening about as large
as that of the proper pipe attached to the same.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FEED WATER, AND FOR FEEDING THE BAME TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Auchincloss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the
24th July 1869.
I, THOMAS AUCHINCLOSS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING FEED WATER, AND FOR FEEDING THE
BAME TO STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the heating of feed
water, and in supplying the same to steam boilers, consists in attaching
to the upper part of the steam boiler a box or casing in direct com-
munication with the steam space thereof. The box or casing referred
to has a lining or partition in the interior, which separates the box or
casing into two cavities. Into one of these the steam of the boiler
directly communicates. The box or casing herein-before referred to is
connected by a pipe to a water admission valve, this valve being again
connected by means of a lever or system of levers with a float whose
position is regulated by the rise and fall of water in the boiler. When
the water in the boiler gets low the float is depressed, and acting on
the lever or system of levers raises the valve herein-before referred

page_text: to, so that the water is forced then through into the water space of the
box or casing herein-before described. The water on arriving into the
box or casing becomes heated by the steam in the adjoining steam space,
and as it becomes heated it generates steam of a pressure sufficient to
open a valve which communicates with the water space of the boiler
the pressure of the steam in the casing thus forcing the heated feed
water into the boiler whenever the water therein gets too low. On the
upper part of the casing another valve is fixed, which is in com-
munication with a float situated at the interior of the box or casing.
This float rests upon the surface of the water therein, so that when the
water therein is at a low level the float by means of a stop on the chain
attached to it lowers the valve on the top or cover of the casing, and
therefore allows any steam which may be generated in the box or casing.
when the water. therein is low to escape; but when feed water passes.
into the box or casing the float resting on its surface is raised, and
ceases to act upon the valve at the top of the box or casing, which is
therefore shut by the pressure of the steam generated from the water
passed into the box or casing. Instead of employing a chamber divided
into. two spaces a single chamber may be employed with a coil of pipe
or pipes, therein, which acts as the steam space herein-before described.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGE Box
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constant Mertens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
July 1869. A communication from abroad by Lieutenant-Colonel
Canterac, of Madrid, Spain.
I, CONSTANT MERTENS, of Barge Yard, Bucklersbury, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGE Box," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of cartridge box, which
while it offers great facilities for carrying a supply of cartridges renders
them instantly accessible and permits of their being delivered singly
into the hand of the soldier or sportsman as quickly as they may be
required for use until the supply is exhausted. The box consists of a
metal case slightly curved lengthwise to fit the back of the soldier's or
sportsman's body when hanging horizontally on his belt or girdle. The
capacity of this case may vary, but it is preferred to make it take about
twenty-four cartridges. For this purpose it is made with a division plate
down its centre equidistant from its two curved sides, and the compart-
ments, are made of sufficient breadth to admit the cartridges lengthwise.
The compartments are grooved at their angles to receive the flange at
the base of the cartridges, and it is preferred to arrange the cartridges

page_text: in the box alternately, base and ball in the same direction, as they will
lie closer and will be more securely held in place when the box is in
a horizontal position. The box is closed at top by a snap cover, and at
bottom by a valve formed of a half-round tube, which turns on its axis
and is fitted with a lip or finger piece for operating. it. This valve is
kept closed by the action of a spring, which yields on the pressure of the
finger upon the finger piece, and turning on its centre throws out a
cartridge which it has received from the box. The two compartments
in the box are. closed alternately by a swing or hinged plate, which
allows of one compartment being exhausted before cartridges are taken
from the other. A stud on the edge of this plate rests upon a double
incline spring stop piece. This stud is also connected with an external
lever pivotted on a cap plate at the lower end of the box. When
therefore one compartment is exhausted of cartridges it is only necessary
to push over this lever and the full compartment will be brought into
connection with the rocking valve, which will deliver the cartridges
therefrom in quick succession as before. The box is fitted externally
at one side with a swivel loop to receive the belt by which it is attached
to the body of the soldier or sportsman, and a hook affixed to the box
serves by hooking on to the belt to retain the box in a horizontal
position.
By simply unhooking the box from the belt the box will fall
to a vertical position, which is the position suitable for either filling the
box or withdrawing cartridges therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRICTION ROLLERS APPLICABLE TO ROLLING BRIDGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Turner and John.
William Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th February 1869.
We, WILLIAM TURNER, of Hammersmith, Dublin, and JOHN WILLIAM
GIBSON, of Dundalk, County of Louth, Ireland, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRICTION ROLLERS
APPLICABLE TO ROLLING BRIDGES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to reduce the friction produced
by two bodies moving the one on the other, and consists in the employ-
ment of an endless chain of rollers in cast or wrought iron or other hard
substance passing round an iron or other block or bracket of an elliptical
or oblong form, having the upper surface perfectly straight for a distance
equal to the length of an arm or link (each end of which serves as an
axis to a roller), so that in any position of the rollers one at least will
always be on the level or straight surface of the block. The number
of rollers, as well as their dimensions, may vary to suit desire or the

page_text: exigences of the case. The block or bracket and rollers may be attached
to the body to be moved, or the body may move thereon.
This arrangement is intended especially for adaptation to rolling
bridges, but may be employed with equal success for other similar
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GEARING POR AUXILIARY SCREW ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Smith Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st July 1869.
I, HARRY SMITH EDWARDS, of South Shields, in the County of
Durham, Shipowner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GEARING POR AUXILIARY SCREW ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gearing for auxiliary
screw engines, and consists in transmitting motion by means of a vertical
or inclined shaft or shafts, or by a belt or belts, or other similar appliances
from one or more engines above the deck of a ship to a propeller shaft
under deck, and through a disconnecting clutch to a screw or a pair of
screws of the ordinary construction under the water line, and thus avoid the
necessity for an engine room under deck, or for attachments of gearing
outside the hull of the ship. This arrangement is intended only for

page_text: cases in which a small amount of power is to be transmitted, and in
which such power is to be only occasionally used, as, for instance, in
case the ship is becalmed, or for the purpose of giving the ship more
weatherly qualities in certain circumstances, as is well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASK STANDS OR TILTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Voice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1869.
I, NICHOLAS VOICE, of Handcross, in the County of Sussex, Plumber;
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CASK STANDS OR TILTS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a self-acting cask stand
or tilt, that is to say, one which will gradually tilt the cask as the
contents are drawn therefrom.
My Invention consists in the employment of a tube, band, or length of
india-rubber or other suitable clastic material suspended between two
points across the back part of the stand. When a full cask is placed
upon the stand its back end bears upon the india-rubber and forces it
down upon a curved bar below, but as the weight of the cask and
contents becomes gradually lighter as the contents are drawn off the
india-rubber is able to gradually overcome the weight, and to resume

page_text: its normal position, thereby gradually lifting the back end of the cask.
The ends of the india-rubber may be secured to the stand or tilt by
brackets fastened down by screws, so that by unfastening one bracket
the india-rubber may be tightened or slacked to adapt it for a larger or
a heavier cask, the bracket being then again secured.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING KNIVES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Simpson at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1869.
I, ALEXANDER SIMPSON, of Chiswell Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Cattle Spice Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
tho said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING KNIVES," to be
as follows:-
The improved apparatus for cleaning knives which forms the subject
of the present Invention consists mainly of a device for holding a
number of knives securely while they are being cleaned by means of a
brush or equivalent device to be worked by the hand. The device for
holding the knives consists of a couple of boards placed face to face a
sufficient distance apart to receive the handles of the knives, recesses
being made for them by projecting pieces which extend across the
boards. The handles of the knives are held steady in these recesses by
means of a band or bands of indian-rubber. This knife holder is provided
on one side with a handle, whereby it is held by one hand, and on the
other side with a pair of projecting studs or hooks whereby it may be
kept steady against the polishing board or knife board while the

page_text: polishing or cleaning operation is being performed. The knife board
consists of two boards hinged together so that they may be opened like
a book; these boards are provided on three sides with projecting edges
to keep the polishing powder from being scattered about; the third or
open side of the knife board is provided with sockets or staples to
receive the pins or hooks of the holder.
The apparatus is used in the following manner :-The knives to be
cleaned are secured by their handles in the holder, and the latter. is
adapted to the open side of the knife board by its pins or hooks so
that the knives may lie flat on the board. The knives being, thus
secured are then operated upon by a brush provided with polishing
powder and moved to and fro by hand. When one side of the knives
has been properly cleaned the holder may be turned over so as to
present the other side, which may then be operated on. When the
knives are very much discolored I find it advisable, first, to rub them
well with damp sand or polishing powder, and afterwards to polish them
with dry powder. As the knife board consists of two sections this may
be done without inconvenience.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER TUBES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell Swann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1869.
I, JOHN RUSSELL SWANN, of No. 21, Leith Walk, Edinburgh, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILER TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to effect an economy in fuel in
locomotives and tubular boilers.
I cut grooves inside of the tubes in a spiral form similar to the rifling
of a gun; these grooves will cause the flame to rotate in its course
through the tubes, thereby exhausting the heat before the products of
combustion enter the chimney.
I also make the tubes in locomotive boilers of a larger diameter at
the fire-box end and smaller towards the chimney, and such tubes being
grooved as described cause the heat to be more efficacious all the length
of the tubes.

page_text: In tubular boilers wherein the water flows through the tubes I
sometimes groove the tubes in a similar manner, or I place a spiral
web in the centre of the tube, or I insert into the tube a rod having
discs of iron attached to it of the diameter of the tubes. In these pieces
of iron holes are irregularly pierced, which causes the water to revolve,
and by this means it is brought more completely into contact with the
heating surface of the tube. In tubes wherein an inner flow down tube
is introduced (as in the Howard or Field boiler) I place a spiral web
round the inner tube or fix discs of iron upon it and of a size to fill the
space between outer and inner tubes to such an extent as to prevent the
too rapid circulation of the water, and thereby expose it for a longer
time in a thin body while in the tubes to the influence of the fire.
External and internal tubes may be also made of a spiral or fluted
form either for causing the flame or the water to revolve, and various
methods may be adopted for retarding the water in its too rapid rush
through the tubes, from which cause a great loss is sustained in fuel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTISING, AND THE APPLICATION OF AUTOMATIC MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ambler and Benjamin
Jowett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th September 1869.
We, WILLIAM AMBLER and BENJAMIN JOWETT, of Bradford, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTISING, AND THE APPLICATION OF
AUTOMATIC MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to attract as much as possible the
attention of the public to advertisements, and induce the reading or
perusal thereof. For this purpose we arrange attractive pictures and
advertisements alternately, or a series of the one interspersed with a
series of the other, either upon circular discs, cylindrical surfaces, or
plain sheets of cardboard, or endless sheets of paper, or other suitable
material, and these we arrange to move intermittently behind a dial or
other surface, in which is provided an opening of suitable size and form
for the pictures and advertisements to be alternately or otherwise pre-
sented to the view of the public. The pictures will attract attention,
and as they are caused to appear and disappear at intervals of time, the

page_text: public while waiting and watching for the appearance of the pictures
must necessarily see and will read the advertisements. These movements
we effect by clockwork, or any other mechanism applied and operated
by any suitable motive power, and for which purpose we prefer to
construct a convenient framework or chamber to contain the mechanism
having a dial or face with a suitable opening to exhibit the said pictures
and advertisements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN FRAMES FOR CARPET Looms
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lamb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1869.
.I, JOHN LAMB, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester,
Machinest, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN FRAMES FOR CARPET Looms," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrange-
ments of the bobbin frames or "creels" of carpet looms whereby greater
strength and solidity are obtained, and the bobbins are more certain in
their action.
According to my Invention I employ a series of short lengths of wire
bent at right angles at each extremity, which bent portions are driven
direct into the adjoining longitudinal bars or ribs of the creel, so as to
hold each pair of bars securely at the proper distance assunder, in lieu
of as heretofore employing one long wire extending the whole width
of the crcel and simply fastened down on to the tops of the bars by
wire staples, such a mode of fixing the wires giving little or no additional
strength or solidity to the creel. The yarns pass over my improved

page_text: wires in the usual way, and these wires may be applied either to the
ordinary or other creels, or to the improved crecls made as herein-after
described. In constructing my improved crecl in lieu of cutting a notch
entirely through each bar, as heretofore, which tends greatly to weaken
such bars, I simply form on the opposite side or face of each bar a recess
of a depth equal to about half the thickness of the material. The
recess on one side of the bar is not made exactly opposite the recess
on the other side but slightly to one side thereof, so as to leave a certain
portion of the wood between the two recosses intact throughout. A
still further portion of the wood may be left intact at the upper ends
of these recesses by inclining the upper portions in opposite directions
outwards. The bobbins when placed in a creel of this construction will
not be all in a straight row across the frame, each alternate one only
being in the same line. As the intervening bobbins are only slightly
out of the line of the rest all the bobbins of each line or scries across
the frame may rest upon the same transverse strips as heretofore for the
purpose of obtaining the necessary drag or friction on the bobbins.
Iк- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berger Spence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th December 1869.
I, JOHN BERGER SPENCE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iк-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM," to be as follows:-
It is well known that in the manufacture of alum of commerce two
methods are adopted. In the one case sulphate of alumina is combined
with sulphate of potash, and in the other case with sulphate of ammonia
to form the double salt.
My Invention consists in substituting soda for the potash or ammonia,
and this substance being less expensive enables me to produce a com-
mercial alum and in a crystallized state at a more economical rate. I
therefore take aluminous substances and combine them as in the
ordinary alum manufactures with sulphuric acid and sulphate of soda,
but other salts of soda may be used if the requisite amount of sulphuric
acid be present. Subsequently to this, however, a precaution is required

page_text: arising from a difficulty which exists in obtaining a commercial
crystallized substance, for if the liquor according to my present
experience be too condensed sulphate of alumina may be precipitated,
or if it be too attenuated there is a want of tendency to crystallize. I
at present find that a good commercial article may be produced by
obtaining the liquor at about 60° Twaddle at ordinary temperatures, but
under other circumstances the liquor may be more diluted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS IN CONNECTION WITH SWITCHES OR POINTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Cashin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1869.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK CASHIN, of Gresham House, Old Broad Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS IN CONNECTION WITH SWITCHES OR
POINTS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to provide a simple indicator which can
be worked in direct connection with the points or with the switch levers,
and which shew the line of rails for which the points are set, or indicate
to the driver of an advancing train whether the points are closed or not.
To the standard of the switch lever, for which Letters Patent No. 3128
were granted to me on the 13th October 1868, I propose to attach an
upright rod or pipe mounted on a pivot, and passing through a bracket
or arm projecting from the standard at any required height. At the top
of this rod a lamp with two discs is fixed, and a light with a plummet
dropped inside the pipe, so that the lamp may turn without the light
necessarily turning. From the crank of the lever I have an arm with a

page_text: pivot or eye projecting, and from the indicator rod a similar arm; these
arms are connected by a rod, and are of such relative length that the
motion of the crank arm causes the indicator to make one-fourth of a
revolution, disclosing a red light in one position and a green or other
light in the other. Motion may be imparted to the indicator by a rod
from the switch lever, or from the points direct instead of from the
crank, and if fixed at a distance from the switch levers it should be
provided with a protecting column or pillar of appropriate design with
an opening to permit the attachment and movement of the projecting
arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Juckes and Edward Wood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th September 1869.
We, JOHN JUCKES, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, and
EDWARD WOOD, of Bolton, in the same County, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES," to be as follows:-.
These improvements have for their object the prevention or con-
sumption of smoke, and consist mainly of various combinations of
discs, rollers, or revolving fire-bars with fixed fire-bars and common or
ordinary grates.
Our first arrangement consists of a series of fixed longitudinal fire-bars
placed wider apart than usual, and having in each space a series of discs,
which are mounted on shafts or spindles passing transversely through or
beneath the fixed bars, and driven slowly by any convenient mechanism
in a forward direction, that is, towards the bridge. These discs may
have their upper edges level with the fixed bars, but we prefer them to
project somewhat above the said level, and they may be in the form of
plain discs or with corrugated or notched edges, or revolving plates of an

page_text: octagonal, or other polygonal, or a star-shaped form may be substituted,
or plain radial arms projecting from the rolving shafts, or spindles would
answer the same purpose, the object being to keep the fuel in constant
motion towards the bridge.
Our second arrangement consists of a combination of the above with 5
a common grate or fire-bars of the ordinary form, the movable arrange-
ment being nearest to the front of the furnace, and the ordinary grate or
bars between it and the bridge.
Our third arrangement is a modification of the last described, and
consists in substituting a series of transverse revolving rollers in place 1
of the combination of fixed bars and revolving discs or plates, and in
connection with an ordinary grate or fire-bars near to the bridge, as last
described.
Our fourth arrangement is a combination consisting of the first
described arrangement of fixed bars and revolving discs or plates 1
preceded by a series of transverse revolving rollers, either with or
without the addition of an ordinary grate or bars between it and the
bridge.
And a fifth arrangement or modification consists in the combination of
an endless revolving chain of fire-bars (now commonly known as the 2
"Juckes' furnace") with a common fire-grate or bars, the latter being
placed next the bridge.
In all the preceding modifications wherein an ordinary grate is
mentioned the latter may be fixed at any level desired, either on
the same level as the rollers or below, and the said grate may be so
arranged that it can be raised or lowered or partially revolved on an axis
by any well known means for convenience of cleaning or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS AND WHEELS FOR SHAFTING AND GEARINO
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Lindsay Coates,
Quintin Dunlop, and William Orr at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th January
1869.
We, DAVID LINDSAY COATES and QUINTIN DUNLOP, of Belfast,
Engineers, and WILLIAM ORR, of Sigoniel, Flax Spinner, all in the
County, of Antrim, in Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS AND WHEELS FOR SHAFTING
AND GEARINO," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in imparting elasticity to the joints and wheels
of shafting and gearing by means of springs, or india-rubber, cork, or
other similar elastic substance, introduced into either half of the
coupling and acted upon by the other half, or between the rim and
arms, or at the centre of the wheel, in order to equalize the strain,
impart a more regular motion, and lessen any shock arising from
suddenly increased or diminished velocity in the revolution of the
shaft.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, AND THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Loewenberg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1869.
I, HENRY LOEWENBERG, of Berlin, Prussia, now of 123, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL,
AND THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In carrying out my Invention I take any suitable hat, bonnet, or other
article of wearing apparel and cast or press thereon gum or any other
resinous or gelatinous substance, or sulphur, or other mineral product,.
after which the said hat or other article is removed and an exact fac
simile or mould thereof obtained. I then cover the inner or outer
surface of the mould thus obtained with a layer of glue or other gelatinous
substance, or such substance in combination with glycerine or oily
or fatty matters, either with or without any desired coloring matter, and
when cold the hat shape thus formed is taken from the original mould,
by which means the exact fac simile of straw plait or any other pattern

page_text: or design may be accurately impressed thereon as well as the shape or
configuration of the hat or other object retained, the article thus
manufactured having the requisite flexibility and strength; and the
said hat or other article may be afterwards ornamented in any desired
manner.
This Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of impressions or
fac similes of trimmings, lace, embroidery, and many other articles of
wearing apparel as well as hats and bonnets.