Improvements in Apparatus for Heading Bolts, Rivets, and the like.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 8th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 31st Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by CHARLES STEWART SEATON, Manufacturer, and
JOHN AMBROSE SEATON, Manufacturer, both of Cleveland, County of
Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, United States of America.]
Improvements in Apparatus for Heading Bolts, Rivets, and the like.
I, OLIVER IMRAY of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of London, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The primary object of this invention is to reduce the cost of heading bolts and
rivets, and, especially, to reduce the cost of heading the kind of bolts, commonly
known as carriage bolts,- that is to say, bolts which have a button-shaped head
Much of the novel
and a square shank for a short distance under the head.
mechanism herein described is however adapted for use in machines designed to
make bolts and rivets of other kinds.
In the manufacture of certain kinds of bolts, for example, carriage bolts, it is
desirable to first, upset the head, by one or more blows from a heading die, then to
turn the unfinished bolt partly round, and finally to finish it by one or more blows
from a heading die.
In existing machines in which it is possible to make bolts in the above
described manner, it is necessary to turn the bolt by hand, after the upsetting
This turning
blow is struck, and before the final or finishing blow is struck.
of the bolt, known in this art as "tonging," can be done only by a skilled artizan.
In these machines, however, the final or finishing blow is struck by the same
heading die as first upsets the head. But the best results would undoubtedly
be obtained by the employment of two dies which, preferably, should be slightly
different in form to adapt them to perform their slightly different functions.
For the prior machines it is necessary to first cut the rod, on a separate machine,
into suitable lengths for convenient manipulation. Sometimes the rod used is of a
length to make a single bolt; sometimes it is of a length to make two bolts; and
a head being formed on each end the rod is cut in the middle by a separate
machine. In no prior bolt heading machine which permits of the turning of the
bolt rod, is the bolt automatically cut from the long rod, either before or after the
head is formed.
The present invention is an improvement on the prior machines in all of the
particulars above pointed out, as well as in certain other particulars which will
be hereinafter named, the sum of the several improvements, constituting an
automatic machine, into which a rod of any length may be fed, which upsets the
head with one heading die, turns the rod, finishes the bolt by a blow from a
second heading die, cuts the bolt from the rod, and ejects the finished bolt,
without any manipulation by the attendant other than the feeding of the rod up to
a stop gauge.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a plan of the machine; Figure 2 is a
side elevation; Figure 3 is a front end view; Figure 4 is a longitudinal section;
Figure 5 is an enlarged plan of the front end of the machine, from which some of
the parts shewn in Figure 1 are omitted; Figure 6 is a transverse section shewing
the rod-turning device; and Figure 7 is a central longitudinal section of the same
part.
✗ is the bed of the machine, having, at its sides near the rear, standards X'X'
L: L
LAD and other norta
Noor the middle of the bed

page_text: are longitudinal guides in which the cross-head H slides to and fro. The heading
dies G Gare secured to the front of the crosshead H at the same level, so as to
deliver successive blows on the same bolt during its formation.
One link I of a toggle is pivotted to the rear of the crosshead H, and the other
link I is pivotted to the rear part of the bed. At about the middle of the shaft B
is a double crank, having jointed to its pin a link 1, the lower end of which is
linked to the joint of the toggle. As the crank in revolving, moves upward, the
toggle is straightened, until its middle joint is in line with its end joints, when the
crosshead H is at the extreme front end of its stroke.
By the further revolution of the crank, the toggle is bent upwards, thereby
causing the crosshead to retract.
Thus during each revolution of the shaft B, the
crosshead moves to and fro twice.
At the front end of the bed X are transverse guides, in which the independently
movable carriages c c are guided to and fro across the machine. C C' represent
the holding dies which are secured to the carriages c c¹ and move with them. There
is not anything novel in the construction of the dies or carriages. The construction
and connection of these parts are substantially the same as described in the
Specification No. 677 of 1891.
Each of the carriages c c', is inclined on its outer side, as shewn most clearly in
Fig. 5.
A bar M longitudinally movable in a suitable groove in one side of the bed,
has an inclined end which when the bar M is moved forward, causes the carriage
and the holding die C to move inwards. The outer side of the carriage c¹ is in like
manner acted on by a bar N, the forward motion of which causes the carriage c' and
the die C¹ to move inwards.
Facing the front ends of the dies C C', is fixed a bar D in which, a cutting
plate d is fixed. A feed hole extends through the plate D and cutting plate d.
The front end of the die C moving along the cutting plate acts in combination
with the edge of the hole in d to shear off the part of the rod, which is to form the
body of the bolt.
In front of the plate D a recess is formed in the bed to accommodate the
automatic rod-turning device and ejecting hammer, hereinafter described. In this
recess is received the boss of a bracket F in which is formed the bearing for a
sleeve E, having through it a central feed orifice and over it a friction block f
pressed by a spring f adjustable by a set screw f. In that part of the sleeve E
which lies behind F are inserted two clamps, e e', of which e' the lower is fixed by
a pin e² or otherwise. The other clamp e is radially movable toward and from e¹ so
as to clamp or release the rod passing through the feed orifice. The sleeve E and
the clamp e are slotted transversely to receive a lever J. One end of which is
pivotted to the sleeve E by the pin e' while a pin e³, secured to the clamp e, passes
through a slot in the lever J. A bell crank lever having three arms K K K³ is
pivotted at K to the standard X. Its lower arm K is linked to the rear end of
the bar M. Its two upper arms K¹ K' are acted on by a cam which is formed on
the periphery of the left hand crank disc, on the shaft B. When this cam acts
on ³, the bar M is pushed forward, when it acts on K', the bar M is moved back
in obedience to a spring m¹.
The mechanism for actuating the bar N consists also of a three armed lever R,
pivotted on a rod O which is supported at its ends in the standards X'X'. The
cam formed on the periphery of the right hand crank disc on the shaft B acts on
the arm to rock the lever R one way, it acts on the arm² to rock it the opposite
way. As the lower arm r is connected by the link R¹ to the vertical earn on the
bar N, the rocking of the lever R causes the bar N to move to and fro.
The rod turning device is worked by a bell-crank lever S pivotted to the bed X.
A links connects one arm of the bell-crank to the pin S' by which the link R' is
jointed to n, the pin s' having its end slotted to receive a screw eye pivotted in the
slot, and screwed into the end of the link 8. A link U connects by universal joints
the arm of the bell crank S to the lever J.
Another bell-crank lever Z loosely pivotted on the bed A has its one arm bearing

page_text: against a pin m³ on the bar M, and the other against the pin c* on the carriage c,
so that the backward movement of the bar M causes backward movement of the
carriage c.
In order to regulate the feed the following mechanism, which can be most clearly
seen in Figs. 4 and 1, is provided. T is a block carrying the heading dies and
itself secured to the crosshead, sitting between the two side flanges h h and resting
upon the bottom of the crosshead H to which it is fastened by a bolt ¹ passing
through a slot t. The rear end of the block T abuts against an adjustable wedge T
In the front end of the block T is a socket that receives the heading-tool G, which
first acts upon the rod and which is rigidly secured to the stem that enters the
socket through a longitudinal slot t' in the block T. Into the upper end of this stem g
screws a rod V by which the stem g can be held at any desired part of the rod V.
The outer end of the rod V passes through a bracket W, and a spring o' interposed
between the bracket W and a shoulder on the rod V pushes the rod as far back as
its head will permit. The rod from which the bolt is to be made is fed into the
machine up to the heading tool G which acts as a stop adjustable by screwing the
rod more or less through the stem g, giving a longer or shorter piece of the bolt rod
to form the head. As the crosshead moves forward, the heading die remains
stationary until its rear end is at the end of its socket, whereupon it is moved
forward to deliver the blow which upsets the end of the rod.
The machine operates as follows: The rod from which a bolt is to be made is
fed into the machine through the feed holes in the sleeve E, and bar D, until it is
stopped by meeting the heading die G, the carriage c¹ having been moved by the
bar N to bring the groove in the face of the holding die C in line with the feed
holes. The bar M is then moved forward moving the carriage e until the rod is
grasped between the dies C C. The toggle now being straightened causes the
advance of the crosshead H and the delivery of the first or upsetting blow. As
the shaft B continues to revolve, the crosshead H is drawn backward by the
bending of the toggle joint. While this movement is taking place, the bar M is
moved a little back thus easing back the holding die C. The wedge bar N is also
drawn back so that the carriage c¹ and the holding die C' which it carries are free
to be moved. As the bar N is moved back the bell-crank lever S is caused to
oscillate by its connection with N through the link S, and the lever J is pulled by
the link U. The first part of the movement of J pushes the clamp e inward so that
the rod is grasped between the two clamps e e¹; the further movement of J causes the
lever E to revolve thus turning the bolt partly round until the lever J meets
the adjustable stop L, whereby the clamp e is moved away and releases the rod.
The cam at the moment acts upon the arm K' moving it down and thereby causes
the wedge bar M to move forward, and by its bevilled edge the carriage c, with the
holding die C is moved toward the right, the rod being thus again grasped between
the two dies C C¹.
The carriage c continues to move in this same direction thereby pushing the
carriage in front of it and the rod is carried to the position to be struck by the
heading tool G. During this movement the partly headed bolt is sheared from
the rod by the edges of the cutting plate d and the holding die C. A flat spring c
attached to the carriage c' and pressing upon the bed X prevents any sudden
movement of the carriage c¹ when it reaches a stop at the end of its course to the
right.
By the movement of the toggle the heading die G¹ is made to deliver its blow
upon the partially formed bolt, and having thus completed the head, is withdrawn
by the backward movement of the crosshead. Almost immediately after this blow
has been delivered the wedge bar M is moved back and the bell-crank lever Z
moved by the pin m³ acting on the pin draws the carriage c to the left.
Just before the movement of C₁ toward the left, the ejecting hanmer strikes a
sharp blow on the end of the completed bolt, causing it to be released from the die.
The ejecting hammer is a rod P passing through a suitable hole in the bar D and
cutting plate d, directly in line with the heading die G¹. It is connected to one

page_text: arm of a lever P¹, the other arm of which is connected by a link Q with one arm of
a lever pivotted to the standard X. The other arm of the lever Y being struck
by a quick acting cam 6, the hammer P is caused to make its rapid blow, and a
spring connected to the link Q withdraws the ejecting hammer.
Dated this 25th day of August 1891.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heading Bolts, Rivets, and the like.
I, OLIVER IMRAY of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of London Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The primary object of this invention is to reduce the cost of heading bolts and
rivets, and especially, to reduce the cost of heading the kind of bolts commonly
known as carriage bolts that is to say, bolts which have a button shaped head and
a square shank for a short distance under the head. Much of the novel mechanism
herein described is however adapted for use in machines designed to make bolts and
rivets of other kinds.
In the manufacture of certain kinds of bolts for example carriage bolts, it is
desirable to first, upset the head, by one or more blows from a heading die, then to
turn the unfinished bolt partly round and finally to finish it by one or more blows
from a heading die.
In existing machines in which it is possible to make bolts in the above described
manner it is necessary to turn the bolt by hand, after the upsetting blow is struck,
and before the final or finishing blow is struck. This turning of the bolt, known in
this art as "tonging," can be done only by a skilled artizan.
In these machines, however, the final or finishing blow is struck by the same
heading die as first upsets the head. But the best results would undoubtedly be
obtained by the employment of two dies which, preferably, should be slightly
different in form to adapt them to perform their slightly different functions.
For the prior machines it is necessary to first cut the rod, on a separate machine,
into suitable lengths for convenient manipulation. Sometimes the rod used is of a
length to make a single bolt; sometimes it is of a length to make two bolts; and
a head being formed on each end the rod is cut in the middle by a separate
machine.
In no prior bolt heading machine which permits of the turning of the bolt rod,
is the bolt automatically cut from the long rod, either before or after the head is
formed.
The present invention is an improvement on the prior machines in all of the
particulars above pointed out, as well as in certain other particulars which will be
hereinafter named, the sum of the several improvements, constituting an automatic
machine, into which a rod of any length may be fed, which upsets the head with
one heading die, turns the rod, finishes the bolt by a blow from a second heading
die, cuts the bolt from the rod and ejects the finished bolt, without any manipulation
by the attendant other than the feeding of the rod up to a stop gauge.
In the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification
Figure 1 is a plan of the machine;
Figure 2 is a side elevation,
Figure 3 is a front end view,
Figure 4 is a longitudinal contion

page_text: Figure 6 is a transverse section shewing the rod turning device; and
Figure 7 is a central longitudinal section of the same part.
✗ is the bed of the machine, having, at its sides near the rear, standards X¹ X'
which support the driving shaft B, and other parts. Near the middle of the bed
are longitudinal guides which the crosshead H slides to and fro.
The heading dies G G¹ are secured to the front of the crosshead H at the same
level, so as to deliver successive blows on the same bolt during its formation.
One link I of a toggle is pivotted to the rear of the crosshead H, and the other
link I is pivotted to the rear part of the bed. At about the middle of the shaft B
is a double crank, having jointed to its pin a link I, the lower end of which is
linked to the joint of the toggle. As the crank in revolving, moves upward, the
toggle is straightened, until its middle joint is in line with its end joints, when the
crosshead H is at the extreme front end of its stroke.
By the further revolution of the crank, the toggle is bent upwards, thereby
causing the crosshead to retract. Thus during each revolution of the shaft B the
crosshead moves to and fro twice.
At the front end of the bed X are transverse guides, in which the independently
movable carriages e c' are guided to and fro across the machine.
CC represent
the holding dies which are secured to the carriages cc' and move with them. There
is not anything novel in the construction of the dies or carriages. The construction
and connection of these parts are substantially the same as described in the Specifi-
cation No. 677 of 1891.
Each of the carriages c c', is inclined on its outer side, as shewn most clearly in
Fig. 5. A. bar M longitudinally movable in a suitable groove in one side of the bed,
has an inclined end which when the bar M'is moved forward, causes the carriage c
and the holding die C to move inwards.
The outer side of the carriage is in like manner acted on by a bar N the
forward motion of which causes the carriage c¹ and the die C' to move inwards.
Facing the front ends of the dies C C', is fixed a bar D in which a cutting plate d
is fixed. A feed hole extends through the plate D and cutting plate d. The front
end of the die C moving along the cutting plate acts in combination with the edge
of the hole in d to shear off the part of the rod, which is to form the body of
the bolt.
In front of the plate D a recess is formed in the bed to accommodate the automatic
rod turning device and ejecting hammer hereinafter described. In this recess is
received the boss of a bracket F in which is formed the bearing for a sleeve E
having through it a central feed orifice and over it a friction block pressed by a
spring adjustable by a set screw. In that part of the sleeve which lies
behind F are inserted two clamps e e', of which e the lower is fixed by a pin e² or
otherwise.
The other clamp e is radially movable toward and from e¹ so as to clamp or
release the rod passing through the feed orifice. The sleeve E and clamp e are
slotted transversely to receive a lever J, one end of which is pivotted to the
sleeve E by the pin e while a pin e³, secured to the clamp e passes through a slot,
in the lever J. A bell crank lever having three arms K K K is pivotted at K
to the standard X. Its lower arm K is linked to the rear end of the bar M. Its
two upper arms K' K² are acted on by a cam b which is formed on the periphery
of the left hand crank disc, on the shaft B. When this cam acts on K, the bar
M is pushed forward, when it acts on K2, the bar M is moved back in obedience
to a spring m'.
The mechanism for actuating the bar N consists also of a three armed lever R,
pivotted on a rod O which is supported at its ends in the standards X X. The
cam & formed on the periphery of the right hand crank disc on the shaft B acts on
the arm to rock the lever R one way it acts on the arm to rock it the opposite
way. As the lower arm r is connected by the link R¹ to the vertical earn on the
bar N, the rocking of the lever R causes the bar N to move to and fro.

page_text: The rod turning device is worked by a bell crank lever S pivotted to the bed X.
A links connects one arm of the bell-crank to the pin S by which the link R' is
joined to n, the pin s' having its end slotted to receive a screw eye pivotted in the
slot, and screwed into the end of the link s. A link U connects by universal joints
the arm of the bell crank S to the lever J.
Another bell crank lever Z loosely pivotted on the bed A has its one arm bearing
against a pin m³ on the bar M, and the other against the pin on the carriage c,
so that the backward movement of the bar M causes backward movement of the
carriage c.
In order to regulate the feed the following mechanism, which can be most clearly
seen in Figs. 4 and 1 is provided. T is a block carrying the heading dies and
itself secured to the crosshead, sitting between the two side flanges and resting
upon the bottom of the crosshead H to which it is fastened by a bolt passing
through a slot t. The rear end of the block T abuts against an adjustable
wedge T¹.
In the front end of the block T is a socket that receives the heading tool G,
which first acts upon the rod and which is rigidly secured to the stem g that enters
the socket through a longitudinal slot t¹ in the block T. Into the upper end of this
stem g screws a rod V by which the stem g can be held at any desired part of the
rod V. The outer end of the rod V passes through a bracket W and a spring
interposed between the bracket W and a shoulder v² on the rod V pushes the rod
as far back as its head will permit. The rod from which the bolt is to be made is
fed into the machine up to the leading tool G which acts as a stop adjustable by
screwing the rod more or less through the stem giving a longer or shorter piece
of the bolt rod to form the head. As the crosshead moves forward, the heading
die remains stationary until its rear end is at the end of its socket, whereupon it is
moved forward to deliver the blow which upsets the end of the rod.
g
The machine operates as follows: The rod from which a bolt is to be made is
fed into the machine through the feed holes in the sleeve E, and bar D, until it is
stopped by meeting the heading die G, the carriage c¹ having been moved by the
bar N to bring the groove in the face of the holding die C in line with the feed
holes. The bar M is then moved forward moving the carriage c until the rod is
grasped between the dies C C¹. The toggle now being straightened causes the
advance of the crosshead H, and the delivery of the first or upsetting blow. As
the shaft B continues to revolve, the crosshead H is drawn backward by the bending
of the toggle joint. While this movement is taking place, the bar M is moved a
little back thus casing back the holding die C. The wedge bar N is also drawn
back so that the carriage c¹ and the holding die C' which it carries are free to be
moved. As the bar N is moved back the bell crank lever S is caused to oscillate
by its connection with N through the link S, and the lever J is pulled by the link U.
The first part of the movement of J pushes the clamp e inward so that the rod is
grasped between the two clamps e e¹; the further movement of J causes the lever E
to revolve thus turning the bolt partly round until the lever J meets the adjustable
stop L, whereby the clamp e is moved away and releases the rod. The cam bat
the moment acts upon the arm K' moving it down and thereby causes the wedge
bar M to move forward, and by its bevilled edge the carriage with the holding
die C is moved toward the right, the rod being thus again grasped between the two
dies C C¹.
The carriage c continues to move in this same direction thereby pushing the
carriage c' in front of it and the rod is carried to the position to be struck by the
heading tool G. During this movement the partly headed bolt is sheared from
the rod by the edges of the cutting plate d and the holding die C.
attached to the carriage c¹ and pressing upon the bed X prevents any sudden move-
A flat spring e
ment of the carriage when it reaches a stop at the end of its course to the right.
By the movement of the toggle the heading die G' is made to deliver its blow
upon the partially formed bolt, and having thus completed the head, is withdrawn

page_text: by the backward movement of the crosshead. Almost immediately after this blow
has been delivered the wedge bar M is moved back and the bell crank lever Z
moved by the pin m³ acting on the pin c' draws the carriage c to the left.
Just before the movement of C' toward the left, the ejecting hammer strikes a
sharp blow on the end of the completed bolt, causing it to be released from the die.
The ejecting hammer is a rod P passing through a suitable hole in the bar D and
cutting plate d, directly in line with the heading die G¹. It is connected to one
arm of a lever P', the other arm of which is connected by a link Q with one arm
of a lever Y pivotted to the standard X. The other arm of the lever Y being
struck by a quick acting cam 63 the hammer P is caused to make its rapid blow,
and a spring Y¹ connected to the link Q withdraws the ejecting hammer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is,
1. In a bolt and rivet heading machine, two heading dies held in a longitudinally
reciprocating crosshead in combination with a pair of transversely moving holding
dies, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In combination with the reciprocating crosshead the two heading dies and the
pair of holding dies above referred to, a bar having a feed hole in line with one
heading die, a sleeve journalled in line with the feed hole and having clamps adapted
to grasp and release the rod passing through the sleeve and suitable mechanism for
oscillating the sleeve and operating the clamps, thereby partly turning the rod in
the interval between the strokes of the first heading die and of the finishing die,
substantially as described.
3. The combination of the sleeve E, its fixed and moveable clamps e¹ and e, the
lever J pivotted on the sleeve and connected by the pin e to the clamp e, suitable
mechanism for operating the lever J and the adjustable stop L, arranged and
operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.
4. Fitting the first heading tool movably in a socket of the crosshead and con-
necting it to an adjusting screw and spring so that the heading tool serves as a
gauge to determine the length of bolt, substantially as described.
5. In combination with the reciprocating crosshead and heading dies the two
longitudinally movable bars M and N having their front ends inclined the two
transversely movable carriages for the holding dies C C₁ having their outer sides
inclined, the two cams on the crank shaft working the two three armed levers K
and R, and the connections from these levers to the bars M and N, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 8th day of September 1891.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.