Improvements in the Method of and Means for Supplying or Forcing Lubricant or Liquids into the Cylinders and Parts of Steam Engines or Vessels Charged with Steam or other Resisting Compressed Fluid or Matter, and to Journals, Shafting, and other Moving Parts of Machinery.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 31st May, 1894-Accepted, 4th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Means for Supplying or
Forcing Lubricant or Liquids into the Cylinders and Parts
of Steam Engines or Vessels Charged with Steam or other
Resisting Compressed Fluid or Matter, and to Journals,
Shafting, and other Moving Parts of Machinery.
I, GEORGE MAULE MARCHANT of Chapel Hill Brass Works, Huddersfield
Yorkshire, Brass Founder and Finisher do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more particularly to the supply of lubricant or liquids to
the cylinders and parts of steam engines or to vessels charged or filled with steam
or other resisting compressed fluid or gas where a pressure or force is required
sufficient to send the lubricant or liquid to its destination against the opposing
pressure of steam or compressed fluid within the said cylinder or vessel; and said
invention is also adaptable for forcing lubricant to journals, shafting and other
parts of machinery where no such opposing pressure is to be encountered but
wherein a force is necessary to propel the lubricant to the part or parts to be
lubricated.
My invention consists of the use of pneumatic or hydraulic pressure for forcing
lubricant to its destination, the power or density of compression requisite being
obtained by suitable mechanical means.
In carrying out the invention I employ any suitable form of vessel or cup to
form the lubricator, or similar lubricators or cups to those now in use may be
employed, the same being provided with back pressure valves to prevent the escape
of steam or fluid from the cylinder or vessel, and with an inlet and discharge valve,
the inlet valve being automatic in its action, and the discharge valve being actuated,
so as to open and close intermittently, by means of cam or ratchet arrangement
operated by or from the engine or other suitable source of motion; or a regulating
valve may be employed to regulate the quantity of oil to be admitted to the
cylinder.
The upper end of the lubricator is connected to or is in communication with an
air or water compressor which charges the cup or vessel with compressed air or
water at any desired pressure and in excess of the pressure of the opposing steam
or fluid, so that the lubricant, which is placed into the cup, shall be forced therefrom
into the cylinder or vessel against such pressure of steam.
A safety or blow-off valve is provided which opens when the pressure of air or
water within the cup, or the accumulator-if the latter be employed,-exceeds the
maximum determined upon, and a back pressure valve in the compressed air or
water inlet prevents the escape of air or water therethrough.
Any suitable mechanism may be employed for actuating the compressor, and a
cut off motion be provided so as to disconnect the said compressor when the requisite
pressure of air or water is obtained and to connect it again on the pressure being
reduced.
By employing a pneumatic or hydraulic pressure for forcing lubricant into the
cylinders of steam engines or to vessels charged with a resisting compressed fluid,
a positive action is secured without the objectionable concussive movements of the
mechanism now employed for said purpose; a greater pressure can be obtained and
varied to suit requirements, there is less liability of breakage, and wear and tear is
considerably reduced.
For lubricating journals, shafting and other moving parts of machinery where

page_text: there is no opposing pressure of steam to contend with, a vessel of suitable shape
and size is employed to contain the lubricant which is conveyed by pipes to the
places to be lubricated, said pipes being provided with taps or valves so that the
The vessel is then
supply of lubricant can be shut off in some cases if need be.
charged with compressed air or water of sufficient pressure to force the lubricant
through the pipes to its destination and serves to keep the pipes clean and free from
accumulations of grease or dirt.
Other liquids, for instance such as boiler compositions, may be forced from a cup
or container into the boiler or other vessels charged with steam or fluid under
pressure in like manner to that described with reference to lubricant, that is-by
pneumatic or hydraulic pressure.
The pressure of air or water may be accumulated or greatly in excess of the
pressure actually required so as to serve for a period of time without the continued
action of the compressor, and the said compressor may be actuated by hand or by
power.
Dated this 20th dex of A vos 1893
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Means for Supplying or
Forcing Lubricant or Liquids into the Cylinders and Parts
of Steam Engines or Vessels Charged with Steam or other
Resisting Compressed Fluid or Matter, and to Journals,
Shafting, and other Moving Parts of Machinery.
I, GEORGE MAULE MARCHANT, of Chapel Hill Brass Works, Huddersfield,
Yorkshire, Brass Founder and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates more particularly to the supply of lubricant or liquids to
the cylinders and parts of steam engines or to vessels charged or filled with steam
or other resisting compressed fluid or gas where a pressure or force is required
sufficient to send the lubricant or liquid to its destination against the opposing
pressure of steam or compressed fluid within the said cylinder or vessel;, and for
forcing lubricant from the same lubricator to journals, shafting and other parts of
steam engines.
My invention consists of the use of pneumatic pressure for forcing lubricant to
its destination the power or density of compression requisite being obtained by
suitable mechanical means.
For the purpose of more fully describing said invention reference is hereafter
had to the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings illustrative thereof
and to the letters of reference marked thereon.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is sectional elevation of a lubricator
constructed with a pump or compressor for charging the lubricator with air under
a sufficient pressure to force or propel the lubricant into the cylinder, chest or
vessel against the pressure of steam or other resisting compressed fluid or gas
therein.
Fig. 2 is sectional plan view and Fig. 3 transverse section of same.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating one form of cut off motion for throwing the pump
or compressor out of action on the pressure of air in the lubricator exceeding the
maximum determined upon.
Fig. 5 is a detail of valve for regulating the supply of lubricant to the cylinder
or parts.

page_text: Figs. 6 and 7 shew modification of the forms of pumps or compressors with which
the lubricators may be provided.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the lubricator, which may be of any ordinary
construction comprises a vessel A to hold the supply of lubricant; a discharge
orifice A'; a back pressure valve or valves B arranged in any suitable manner
according to the particular design or make of lubricator employed, said valves
acting as usual to prevent the escape of steam or fluid from the cylinder or vessel
being lubricated whilst permitting the lubricant to pass freely from the lubricator
to its destination; and a sight feed as indicated at C in Fig. 3 whereby the drops
It is obvious
of lubricant can be observed passing to the cylinder or vessel.
however that the lubricator may be constructed without a sight feed. D represents
the cylinder of the pump or compressor in which a piston E is moved backwards
and forwards longitudinally by lever F pivoted at G and connected at one end to
the piston rod E' and at the opposite end to the connecting rod H attached to a
crank pin or other suitable moving part of the engine which will give the requisite
reciprocating motion to oscillate the lever F.
Atmospheric air enters the cylinder at a, a valve 6 being opened and a charge
of air drawn into the cylinder at each backward or return stroke of the piston E,
and at every forward stroke of the piston said valve, assisted by a spring, is forced
tightly against its seating and the charge of air drawn in is forced through c past
the back pressure valve d into a chamber and from thence through g (see Fig. 2)
into the cup A.
The action of the pump or compressor may be continuous or intermittent and it
charges the cup or vessel A with air at any desired pressure and in excess of the
pressure of the opposing steam or fluid in the cylinder or vessel to be lubricated so
that the lubricant previously placed into the cup A shall be forced or propelled
therefrom to its destination against such opposing pressure.
I may connect the lubricator with two or more cylinders, chests or vessels and
by increasing the pressure of air in the cup A supply lubricant to each; or I may
connect thereto pipes for conveying lubricant to the crank pin, journals slides or
other parts of the engine whose cylinder or steam chest is lubricated from said
lubricator as indicated at I in Fig. 1.
A safety valve J is automatically opened when the pressure of air in the
lubricator exceeds the maximum determined upon and closes when the pressure has
been reduced to or below the normal.
In order to throw the pump out of action when the pressure of air is excessive
I arrange the safety valve J with a long shank projecting through the valve casing
and abutting against the short end of a lever K (see Fig. 4) pivoted at K' and
connected by rod or link K2 to a bell crank lever or clutch fork L adapted to slide
the clutch box M into or out of gear with the face plate N mounted loosely on the
shaft O. The connecting rod H is attached to the crank pin on said face plate
and receives its reciprocatory motion therefrom.
When the valve is forced upwards off its seating by the excessive pressure of
air in the lubricator, it moves the lever K slightly on its fulcrum and the amount of
leverage given is sufficient to move the clutch box M out of gear with the face
plate N whose motion thus ceases and throws the pump or compressor out of action
until the pressure of air in the lubricator falls below the maximum again whereupon
the connections are re-established and the action of the pump continued. The
lever K instead of moving a clutch fork may be connected to the rod H and when
actuated by the opening of the safety valve place such rod clear of the lever F
whose motion would then cease.
At Fig. 5 I shew a regulating valve P for enlarging or reducing the area for the
passage of lubricant and thereby regulating the quantity which shall pass to the
cylinder or parts.
At Fig. 6 I shew another form of pump or compressor in which the piston E is
moved backwards and forwards longitudinally in the cylinder D by means of a

page_text: screw E' formed on or secured to the piston rod E¹ and adapted to work through a
nut E³ screwed onto the end of the cylinder. A partial rotary motion is given to
said piston rod E¹ by lever arm E which is oscillated by connecting rod from any
suitable moving part of the engine, such motion of the piston rod causing it by
means of the screw and nut to be moved backwards and forwards in the cylinder
for compressing air in the lubricator.
The piston is grooved as indicated at h and a flexible cup i secured at one end
thereof which cup during the return or backward stroke of the piston is contracted,
and allows the air admitted to the cylinder at a to rush through the grooves and
past the cup and charge the cylinder. At the forward stroke of the piston the
cup i is expanded tightly against the walls of the cylinder and the charge of air
admitted to the cylinder is thereby forced through the orifice c and past the back
pressure valve d into the cup or vessel A.
In Fig. 7 illustrate another form of pump or compressor for forcing and
compressing air in the lubricator A.
Working within a barrel or cylinder D is a piston E which is raised at every
revolution of the toothed wheel R by a cam S formed thereon acting on an
inverted cam T adapted to slide up and down on the barrel or cylinder D and to
raise and lower the piston by means of a pink passing through the said cam and
the piston and working in a slot / in the cylinder.
The toothed wheel R and its cam are placed loosely on and rotate about the
cylinder D, being actuated by worm, ratchet wheel, and pawl as shewn or by any
other suitable means.
At the base of the cylinder are the atmospheric air inlet a with back pressure
valve and discharge outlet c with back pressure valve d and a pipe c' passing up
through the lubricant in the vessel A so as to discharge the air at a point above
the level of the lubricant. At each upward stroke of the piston a supply of
atmospheric air is drawn into the cylinder D and at each downward stroke which
is effected suddenly as soon as the nose on the cam S passes from under the nose
on the cam T by means of a spiral spring confined with the cylinder D, the said
charge of air is forced into the lubricator. The extent of motion of the piston
may be adjusted by screw U. The pump or compressor last described is or may
be enclosed in a casing or shell on one side of the lubricator somewhat as shewn.
Although I have shewn the pumps or compressors as being connected to the
lubricator they may be detached therefrom and communication had with the
lubricator by means of a pipe. By placing an accumulator intermediate of
the pump and the lubricator the latter can be supplied with the requisite pressure
of air from said accumulator.
In lieu of the compressors shewn or ordinary detached pumps, bellows may be
employed to compress air in the lubricator.
By employing a pneumatic pressure for forcing lubricant into vessels charged
with a resisting compressed fluid, a positive and more harmonious action is secured
without the objectionable concussive movements of the mechanism now employed
for said purpose; a greater pressure can be obtained and varied to suit require-
ments; there is less liability of breakage, and wear and tear is considerably reduced.
Other liquids such, for instance, as, boiler compositions may be forced from the
cup or container into the boiler or vessel charged with steam or fluid under
pressure in like manner to that described with reference to lubricant.
The pressure of air in the cup or lubricator may be accumulated or greatly in
excess of the pressure actually required so as to serve for a period of time without
the continued action of the compressor, and the latter may be actuated by hand or
power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is:
Firstly Forcing or pronelling lubricant or liquids from a lubricator or cun by

page_text: the aid of compressed air, into the cylinders of steam engines or vessels against
the pressure of steam or fluids therein substantially as herein set forth.
Secondly. The combination with a lubricator of an air pump or compressor and
means for automatically throwing same out of and into action when the pressure
of air in the lubricator exceeds or falls below the maximum determined upon all
arranged and operating in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein
shewn and described.
Thirdly. The combination with a lubricator of an air pump bellows or compressor
for creating a pressure in the lubricator sufficient to send or propel the lubricant
into the cylinders or chests of steam engines or vessels against the pressure of
steam or fluids therein and for sending lubricant at the same time from said
lubricator to other parts of steam engines requiring lubrication substantially
as herein described and as illustrated at Fig. 1.
Dated this 20th der of Mov 1804
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield, Agents.