Improvements in the Utilization of the Heat Usually Carried Away with Smoke and other Waste Gases in Flues and Chimneys.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 26th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1850
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Utilization of the Heat Usually Carried Away
with Smoke and other Waste Gases in Flues and Chimneys.
I, KAREL RIVNÁC, of Prague, Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the utilisation of the heat usually carried away in the
ordinary arrangements of dwelling houses and mansions by the smoke and other waste
gases passing up the chimney.
My invention consists in heating stoves or fireplaces with the smoke andother waste
gases emanating from other stoves or fireplaces, and which otherwise carry away a
great deal of heat.
↑
The smoke producing fire place or stove may be upon the same floor or in any
other position in relation to the secondary stove or fire place; and this latter may also
he heated directly by kindling a fire therein.
In this case the inner part is constructed in the usual way or nearly so, and is
surrounded by a larger chimney opening in orderthat the hot smokefrom the primary
stove or fire place may pass up the flue between the outer chimney opening and
the inner stove or fire place: passages for direct communication of the inner stove
or fireplace with the surrounding air being provided for.
I use dampers which are arranged so as to enable the attendant to let the smoke
from the primary stove or fire place escape either directly into the chimney or through
the secondary stove into the chimney. In most cases these dampers are arranged so
that the act of opening one of the passages at the same time closes the other and
vice versa.
Arrangements for heating water or producing steam may be made in combination
with my system. It also may be combined in many cases with useful arrangements
for effecting ventilation.
In some cases I construct one chimney inside another larger one. The air between
these two chimneys being warmed by the smoke which passes through the interior
one; this air may be utilized for the ventilation and warming of the different rooms,
baths and cupboards connected therewith. I also construct implements for the
cleaning of soot from flues of my secondary stoves or fireplaces. In some cases soot
traps are provided, so that the greater part of the soot which the smoke contains may
be caught before the smoke enters the secondary stoves or fireplaces. The soot
cleaners are usuallybrushes placed inside the stove, and these brushes are drivenfrom
the outside, for the sake of keeping clean and free from soot the inner surfaces of the
stove.
My secondary stoves and fireplaces are economical and useful in various ways.
They maintain an equal temperature in the apartments where they stand without
direct radiated heat from a fire. A fireplace may stand in the same apartment for
the sake of appearance while the secondary stove which may cover a part of the
wall may really heat the apartment, without needing extra fire, it being heated only
by the waste smoke and gases. This arrangement is especially useful in hotels,
barracks, schools, &c. In private houses the waste heat of the kitchen fire may be
used by my invention to warm and ventilate the upper stories.
The waste heat as aforesaid may also be utilised in heating water upon or beneath,
or in connection with each stove or fire place. The apparatus for warming water may
be so connected with pipes as to make the water circulate in a useful manner either to
warm an apartment or for the purpose of simply providing warm water for various
purposes.
Dated 29th January, 1889.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Utilization of the Heat Usually Carried Away
with Smoke and other Waste Gases in Flues and Chimneys.
I, KAREL RIVNÁC, of Prague, Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to ba
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to the utilization of the heat usually carried away in the
ordinary arrangements of dwellinghouses and muusionsby the smoke and other waste
gases passing up the chimney.
J
My invention consists in heating stoves or fire places, or additions or other.
structures, for conducting and utilizing the heat of the smoke and other waste gases
emanating from stoves or fireplaces, which would ordinarily be lost. The smoke-
producing fire-place or stove may be upon the same door, or in any other position in
relation to the secondary stove or other apparatus for distributing theheat. The latter
may also be heated (if preferred) by kindling a fire therein. In this case the inner
part is constructed in the usualway or approximately thereto,and may. be surrounded
by an enlarged chimney opening, in order that the heated smoke from the primary
stove or fire place may pass up the flue between the walls of the chimney opening and
the fire place. Passages forming direct communication with the external atmosphere
may also be made for the introduction of fresh warm air to the apartment.
Suitable dampers are fitted to enable the attendants to direct the course of the
smoke, from the primary stove or fire-place, either directly into the chimney, or
through the secondary stove or other heating apparatus, to the chimney or flue.
These dampers are usually fitted so that the operation of opening one of the passages
at the same time closes the other, and vice versa.
Arrangements for heating water or raising steam may be made in combination with
my system. It may also be combined with useful arrangements for effecting
ventilation. In some cases I construct concentric flues, the air between the two flues
being warmed by the smoke which passes through the smaller flue, or vice versa. This
air may be utilised in the ventilation and warming of the different rooms, baths
and cupboards connected therewith.
..
I also construct implements for cleaning soot from the flues of the several stoves
and fire places. In some cases soot traps are provided so that the greater proportion
of the soot carried by the smoke may be retained before the smoke enters the
secondary stoves or flues. The menus for removing the soot consist of brushes placed
inside the stove and flues and driven from the outside.
My secondary stoves and heating apparatus are economical and useful in various
ways. They maintain uniform temperature in the apartment without the aid of direct
radiant heat from a fire. A fire place may stand in the same apartment for the sake
of appearance, while the secondary stove which may cover a part of the wall may
really heat the apartment, without the aid of any other source of heat. This arrange.
ment is especially useful in hotels, barracks, schools, &c. In private houses the waste
heat fromthe kitchen fire maybe utilised by my invention, in warming and ventilating
the upper stories.
Heating by means of waste smoke can be applied wherever there is a production of
hot smoke. This is the case with ordinary stoves which produce a smoke registering
above 400 degrees C. (752 Fahr). The practice of heating by smoke proves that n
temperature of a little more than 100 C..(212 Fahr.) in the five suffices for the
advantageous working of my system. The excess of 300 C. (540 Fab.) may be
utilised for the secondary stoves. The primary stoves are those which produce the
smoke.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.

page_text: Figs. 1 to 4 represent cylindrical stoves for receiving waste smoke. Figs. 5 to 7
show stoves heated by waste smoke with tubes to increase the heating surface.
Figs. 8 to 10 represent the general arrangement and details of a stovė provided with
horizontal tubes.
Figs. 11 and 12 show the application of an earthenware stove for heating by means
of waste smoke. Figs. 13 and 14 represent stoves with inclined duplex tubes for the
circulation of air. Figs. 15 to 18 show two stoves having duplex vertical tubes for
the circulation of air. Figs. 19 and 20 illustrate the heating of floors or ceilings by
means of waste smoke. Figs. 21 to 23 illustrate the adaptation of a chimney or flue
for heating by means of waste smoke. Figs. 24 to 27 illustrate the mode of beating
by means of a spiral circulating tube. Figs. 28 and 29 illustrate the utilisation of
smoke by means of a central heating flue. Fig. 30 shows a chimney or flue with
internal air pipes.
.
Fig. 31 illustrates the utilization of the smoke proceeding from a chimney for
heating external pipes. Figs. 32 to 34 illustrate a chimney opening fitted for heating
by means of smoke. Figs. 35 to 37 shew the arrangement of a soot cleaning brush
for the horizontal pipes of stoves. Figs. 38 and 39 are smoke heated stoves
furnished with internal annular partitions. Figs. 40 to 43 represent another form of
heating apparatus. Figs. 44 and 45 illustrate another form of heating apparatus
with a helical plate to cause the circulation of the smoke. Figs. 46 and 47 represent
another apparatus and mechanism for regulating the passage of the smoke.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2. K is the ordinary flue, carrying the waste smoke from
an ordinaryfire, hereinafter called the primary stove,m is a pipe conveying the smoke
from the primary stove or source of heat to the secondary stove C, and another pipe n
communicates with the chimney K. The chimney or flue K being closed by a
dampers the smoke passes through the pipe m into the secondary stove C and escapes
at n into the chimney. On the contrary should the damper be open at s the smoke
would then proceed directly up the chimney, the secondary stove C remaining
cold.
Such is my fundamental principle of heating by waste smoke. The details of this
method may be varied "ad infinitum." Figs. 1 to 7 illustrate examples of secondary
stoves .composed of vertical cylinders C. c. The waste smoke enters from the
chimney K through a pipe m heats the cylinders C or several similar cylinders, and
then reenters through a pipe n into the chimney. is the damper. is a brushing
apparatus for removing the soot. This may be effected by means of a brush turning
upon its axler passing through a stuffing box and fitted with a crank handle &
(Fig. 5).
Stoves heating slowly and retaining their heat for a long time may be constructed
with solid masonry or other material to retain the heat, or as shown at W in Figs. 3
and 4 in which figures a water reservoir is shown fitted with pipes through which
the smoke passes. The smoke is received by the cone E' and carried to the heating
cylinder through fine perforations formed in the sides of the cylinder E the
summit being closed.
The stove shown. in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 is composed of vertical tubes heated by the
smoke, which enters atm. traverses the first pipe from the bottom to the top, the
second from top to bottom, the third from the bottom to the top, and so on, escaping
from the last through the pipe » into the chimney.
In Figs. 5, 6, and 7 another method of cleaning is shown, by means of elastic
brusles suspended from a barrel y. There being two series of heating pipes Co the
brushes are suspended in such a manuer relatively tothe pipes,that one series ascends
when the other descends, or in other words one series is above the pipes when the
other is below the same as shown in Figs. 5 and 7. It will be seen that cleaning
can be effected rapidly by turning the handle a in one or the other direction. At the
bottom of the stove there is a common horizontal tube F into which the soot falls
through theopenings w. The soot is removed therefrom by the brush t¹ and the whole
of the soot falls through the opening o into a receiver, which is introduced for the
purpose of collecting the same. The pipes may be horizontal, inclined, or vertical.

page_text: Figs. 8 to 10 show one of the many modifications of secondary stoves with horizontal
pipes, the arrangement being clearly shown in the Figures.
The partitions between the horizontal pipes are shown at H. Figs. 11 and 12
furnish an example of an ordinary stove known as the "Hardtmuth stove," converted
into a secondary stove: The smoke enters at m at the bottom of the pipe C ascends
in the latter, descends in the pipe Creascends in C, descends through and so on,
finally gaining access to the chimney through C. C³, and n.
Numerous openings
are provided in the outer casing of the stove for the passage of air. The pipe C is
open at the bottom, but the doors of the stove are hermetically closed. They are only
opened when it is required to use the stove as a primary stove, or for burning soot.
A good circulation of air outside as well as inside the flues or smoke tubes C, C &c.
is of great importance. Figs. 13 and 14 show a stove provided with inclined pipes
furnished with central tubular air passages, and Figs. 15 to 1S show another stove
furnished with vertical pipes. The central air pipes or passages are open at the top
and bottom and are held in position by hooks or brackets at each end. The external
pipes are closed at tlie top and bottom by sheet iron covers. The arrangement of a
secondary stove for heating the ceiling or floor of a room, is indicated in Figs. 19
and 20. T is a grating through which air, heated by the flue pipe Cescapes into
the spaces requiring to be heated. H, H are partitions for forming draught channels
and for causing air to travel round the pipes C.
Figs.21 to 23 illustrate the use of a large chimney M for heating with waste smoke.
The whole of the secondary apparatus is mounted in the chimney, which has been
made to form an air heating chamber, which air enters through and escapes at v¹
when the space on the right side of the flue M is required to be heated by the waste
smoke of the primary stove P, for which purpose the damper s must be closed.
the contrary this space does not require to be heated, s is opened and ¹ is closed at
the same time, and so on.
If on
The utilization of smoke from a large chimney M may be carried out by other
arrangements, such as by central heating flues as shown in Figs. 28 to 31. P is a
primary stove or a steam or other boiler, and M is the chimney. In the arrangement
shown in Figs. 28 and 29 I fit up in the chimney M a series of pipes C, open at the
top and bottom, and forming smoke channels, surrounded by hot air. I divide the
chimney M into air heating chambers the air entering at m m² and proceeding
through the openings v₁ v v³ ³ ³ to the rooms A A A B B B &c. The
same object may be attained by bringing the air into the chimney through the
pipes oo (Fig. 28). The air heated by the waste smoke escapes through
the openings, &c. into the rooms requiring to be heated. In some cases I prefer
to bring a portion of the hot smoke through the external smoke pipes c c (Fig. 31)
through the rooms A.. B, requiring to be heated; the smoke entering at m m and
returning through n' to the chimney. The damper s is used for regulating the
amount of heat.
Figs. 32 to 34 show the mode of carrying out my arrangements for the heating of
chimney openings provided with secondary stoves as shown. The hot smoke enters
at m descends by the annular space between the tubes and o, ascends through
and finally escapes through n to the chimney. The stove may be easily fixed or
removed. O. O are air pipes open at each end.
Figs. 24 to 27, 32 to 34, 38 and 39, and 44 to 47 illustrate a series of secondary
stoves with spiral and alternate circulation-They are composed of a flue tube with a
central pipe for the passage of air, open at each end, above and below:-the space
between these two cylinders or tubes being divided by horizontal or spiral partitions,
so that the smoke is caused to ascend spirally or otherwise. In the arrangement
shown in Figs. 24 to 27 these partitions are made by means of annular plates h h¹
from which a segment has been cut away, as shown in plan in Figs. 26 and 27. These
segmentalplates are mounted in such positionsthat the smoke is caused totravel round
the air pipe o when ascending the pipe C. The air which circulates between the
casing and the cylinder C may be caused to take a similar course by means of the
wal's H H¹ H°.

page_text: Openings facilitate the passage of the outward air. I sometimes construct
these stoves so as to cause the circulation of the air to ascend spirally through
the central tube.
Figs. 38 and 39 show a secondary stove in which is formed a series of aunular
compartments a a¹ a² &c. separated by plates h h¹ h³ &c. provided with openings v
and vertical partitions q (Fig. 39). The annular compartments are so mounted
that the horizontal projections of the successive openings are placed at equal
distances one from the other, and the smoke which enters at m travels spirally
round the air pipe, and subsequently passes out through into the chimney. The
primary heating doors arehermetically closed, when heatingby waste smoke is effected,
and the air enters in the tube O₁ from above, through one or several horizontal
elbows. This stove has the advantage of being composed of annular compartments,
which are easily manufactured of any required size. The advantages of my arrange-
ment are very great, from economical and sanitary points of view. One half of the
ordinary stoves may be removed and replaced by secondary stoves, which do not
consume any fuel and produce no dust. It is easy to maintain various parts of a
building at a suitable temperature which would not otherwise be heated."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The method of utilising the heat of smoke of waste gases of combustion
escaping from stoves and fire places, by means ofsecondary stoves and other apparatus
for arresting, absorbing and conducting such heat, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The general construction, arrangement and combination of the several and
respective parts, together constituting my invention of Improvements inthe utilisation
of the heat usually carried away with smoke and other waste gases in flues and
chimnies, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated 20th November 1889
GEO. DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.