A New or Improved Surveying Instrument for Recording Distances and Gradients.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 30th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Surveying Instrument for Recording Distances
and Gradients.
I, MARIE HENRI ADOLPHE GALTIER, of Colomiers, Haute-Garonne, in the
Republic of France, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists. in an instrument or apparatus by means of which a
record may be automatically made of the length and inclination of all gradients
and level stretches throughout any line of country over which the instrument is
moved.
The instrument or apparatus consists of a car or frame on wheels carrying both
a stylus or suitable marking point and a paper strip with means for holding and
moving the same, one of these parts moving in conformity with the inclination
given to the car by the rising or falling gradients over which the car is wheeled,
and the other remaining on a stationary level under the influence of gravity so that
the stylus adopts a definite position above or below a medium line on the paper
according to the upward or downward gradient over which the instrument is
passing, thus tracing a line the distance of which from the medium line according
to a predetermined scale indicates the degree or amount of the gradient, while the
length of the line indicates the distance during which the gradient continues.
The paper strip is driven by gear from one of the wheels to revolve at a known
rate in proportion to the distance traversed.
Dated this 24th day of February 1891.
HERBERT & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Surveying Instrument for Recording Distances
and Gradients.
1, MARIE HENRI ADOLPHE GALTIER, of Colomiers, Haute-Garonne, in the
Republic of France, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in an instrument or apparatus by means of which a
record may be automatically made of the length and inclination of all gradients
and level stretches throughout any line of country over which the instrument is
moved.
The instrument or apparatus consists of a car or frame on wheels carrying both
a stylus or suitable marking point and a paper strip with means for holding and
moving the same, one of these parts moving in conformity with the inclination
given to the car by the rising or falling gradients over which the car is wheeled
and the other remaining on a stationary level under the influence of gravity.
In the accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the apparatus.

page_text: Fig. 7 is a section on line 3. 4 Fig. 5.
The apparatus consists of a car having the two wheels A. B, loose on the shaft C
and the front wheel D carried in the fork E. The fork E is provided with a
socket, sliding on a rod t, the latter socketted to hinge on the shaft C.
The distance between the hind and front wheels may be varied and after
adjustment the fork E may be fixed securely on the rod t by means of the set
screw in the sleeve r.
The toothed sector F fixed to the rod t moves with the latter its centre
coinciding with the axis of the shaft C.
The inclination given to the said rod by the gradient of the ground traversed,
is transmitted to the sector F and thence to the rack G, provided with convenient
guides a stylus II on the upper end of the rack G is intended to trace upon
the travelling paper strip I a line equivalent to the length of the ascending or
descending gradients and at a distance above or below a medial horizontal line,
equivalent to the steepness of the gradient.
The wheel B (Fig. 1) carries on the inner side of its nave a projecting annular
flange K.
Within the latter lies the cylinder m, fixed in the shaft C which cylinder may be
fixed to the flange when desired to be carried along by the motion of the wheel B,
by means of the screws n which may be screwed to grip the shells p.
The cylinder m carries also a projecting flange in which are located several
pins L which are pushed continually towards the centre by the springs M; they
are intended to carry along during the forward motion of the apparatus the
sleeve N provided with the teeth O. This socket carries at the other end the endless
screw P which operates the wheel Q and consequently the pinion R on the same
shaft as the wheel Q. The pinion R drives the wheel S.
The spokes of this wheel are provided with holes a which engage the pins b
fastened to the lower plate of the paper carrying cylinder T.
The latter rolls up the paper I coming from the cylinder U upon which it has
been previously rolled in the quantity desired.
On leaving the cylinder U, the paper passes over a plate V forming a table or
support and over two small guiding cylinders c d.
The stylus H moves parallel to the vertical line of the axis of the cylinder U
tracing its movement upon the paper I passing between said stylus and the
table V.
In case of backward movement of the instrument the socket N, is not carried
along, the teeth O being shaped, conveniently for this purpose (Fig. 6).
The frame Z carrying the paper cylinders, is supported by the shaft C. It is
loose upon this latter, and its vertical position is maintained by means of the
weight W. The handle X having a socket fitting in the shaft C serves for
propelling the apparatus over the ground the gradients of which are to be
recorded.
By giving the wheels A and B a circumferential length of 2 and yards and
proportioning the gear so that at each turn of these wheels the cylinder T turns
through a circumferential distance of of a yard, the paper will be carried
along thousandth of a yard per yard traversed by the apparatus.
On horizontal roads, the stylus will remain in its middle position. On a rising
gradient the rod t rises, the sector turning raises the rack G and consequently
raises also the stylus on a falling gradient the opposite effect takes place.
By making the distance between the axles one yard and giving to the sector F,
a radius equal to one-tenth of the distance between the two axles it is evident that
the ascending or descending grades of, for instance 1 in 10 will give to the stylus
a position above or below the middle line at a distance of one hundredth of a yard
from said line.
The stylus will keep this position as long as the ground traversed has the same
gradient and will leave on the paper above or below of the middle line, a hori-
zontal line indicating by its distance from the middle line the degree of the

page_text: gradient of the ground. The paper being rolled up, the distances covered arc
indicated by the length of the paper marked.
If the ground is horizontal the tracings of the stylus coincide with the medial
red line.
The gear of the paper cylinders can be varied either by changing the number of
movable parts or providing different relative speed gears.
The stylus may be a point, a pencil, a marking wheel, or may be provided with
an inking system.
The mechanism may be enclosed in a frame to preserve it from damage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
A recording clinometer comprising in combination a car having shaft C,
wheels A and B, rod t, fork E connected thereto and wheel D; the toothed
segment F, rack bar G with stylus II, frame Z freely supported on said shaft C,
weight W and paper strip holding cylinders U T on said frame, sleeve N on said
shaft C gear connecting said sleeve N and cylinder T, teeth O on said sleeve N,
sleeve M with spring actuated pins on said shaft C, flange K on said wheel B
and screws n in said flange, the whole substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.