IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH SPINNING MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF BREAKING DOUBLE TWIST, AND PREVENTING DEFECTS IN THE THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR OPERATING SAID OR LIKE APPLIANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James Smith, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION
WITH SPINNING MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF BREAKING DOUBLE TWIST,
AND PREVENTING DEFECTS IN THE THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR OPERATING
SAID OR LIKE APPLIANCES." A communication from abroad by the Society
Dauphinot, Martin, and Desquilbet, of Rheims, France, Manufacturers.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1877.
"
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES
EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH SPINNING MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF
BREAKING DOUBLE TWIST, AND PREVENTING DEFECTS IN THE THREADS, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR OPERATING SAID OR LIKE APPLIANCES." A communication from
abroad by the Society Dauphinot, Martin, and Desquilbet, of Rheims, France, Manu-
facturers.
This Invention relates to,-
Firstly. A special form of needle or hook in spinning frames and jennys, into
the lip of which hook the thread which has become married with another thread by
a twisting operation shall become engaged, and by it be separated, the hook moving
in a circular direction, at intervals of time, between two threads by a partial
rotation of the bar to which the hook or a number of them may be attached.
Secondly. To the employment of a series of twist separating hooks on a bar
carried by the frame of the delivery rollers of spinning machinery, said hooks
working on a bar as a centre and having a rotatory movement downward between
every two threads for the purpose of disengaging or breaking the twist.
Thirdly. To special appliances for effecting the lowering of twist or thread
marriage separating hooks between the threads in a spinning frame or jenny during
the drawing out of the carriage and the raising of them at the commencement of the
winding up or "copping" operation.

page_text: The object of this Invention is to do away with the inconveniences resulting from
the twist or "mariage" of the threads upon spinning machines, the chief of which is
the production of extra thicknesses in warp or weft threads which produce a very
bad effect, and consequently depreciate considerably the value of the material when
woven.
In carrying out this Invention an apparatus is added to the spinning machine
which acts automatically like the machine itself and destroys the twist or "mariage"
as soon as it is formed.
This Invention, an improvement upon that for which Letters Patent were granted
to me on the 24th day of March 1875, No. 1082, as a communication from Messrs.
Simon Dauphinot and I. Martin, the main feature of which was the employment of
a particular form of needle, carried by a bar situated at any point of the machine
and acting to ensure the interposition of the needles between the threads, for the
purpose of breaking the twist or marriage of any two threads.
The improvements which distinguish the present Invention consist in another
particular form of hook, also in the manner in which it acts, and in a method of
controlling or commanding a series of them, as is herein-after fully described.
The Invention is represented in the annexed Drawings, which shows two different
methods of commanding the movements of the hooks.
DESCRIPTION.
Sheet 1. Figure 1 is a front view and Figure 2 a side view of part of a self-acting
mule jenny with the Invention applied thereto.
The Drawing shows only as much of the machine as is necessary to enable tho
installation and action of the twist breaker to be understood. Above the line of
the delivery rollers is placed an axle A, extending the whole length of the machine
and supported at intervals by cranked supports B. Upon this axle, are fixed other
supports C which maintain the iron bar D to which are riveted the break twist
needles or hooks E. The axle A carries a doubled grooved pulley F which com-
municates a rotating movement to the axle, and it is furnished besides with friction
rollers G, upon which springs H act through the intermediation of strips of leather I,
wrapped upon a part of the periphery of the friction rollers. Upon one of the
grooves of the pulley F is attached a chain or cord J which passes over a pulley K
mounted on the top of the support L, and is terminated by a weigh M. The object
of this weight is to add its action to that of the spring or springs H, in order to
raise the break-twist mechanism. In order that this action may be conveniently
regulated according to need, the weight M is composed of flat edge grooved
washers, the number being regulated in proportion to the weight required. The fall
of the weight is itself limited by a receiver P, into which it falls, and which contains
at bottom a variable quantity of superposed plates.
The Mendoza pulley axle Q of the machine carries a grooved pulley R placed in
juxta-position to the pulley F. A Vaucauson chain S is fixed at one end upon one
of the grooves of the pulley F and at the other end upon the groove of the pulley R.
The fixation upon the pulley F can be made at two points, variable at will, in order
to be able to regulate the precise moment of the circular travel of the hooks E.
The hooks are placed upon the bar D in such a manner that, when lowered, they
always fall in the centre of the space left between two consecutive threads. Their
distance apart is therefore variable since the distance apart of the delivery rollers
varies.
These hooks have the form shown in Figure 4, Sheet 2; the distance between
the branches varies from 25 to 30 millemetres, according to the distance the threads
are apart, and in such a manner that no twist or "marriage" of the neighbouring
threads can pass beyond the straight line m, o. Thus, supposing the hook descends
upon a twist, the twisted thread slides upon the back m, n, or n, o, passes by the
opening n, and reaches the hollow p; when the hook is again raised quickly, the
double thread falls perpendicularly to r, whence it slides into the cavity 8, then

page_text: the tension to which it is subjected exceeding the limit of resistance, it is broken at
the weakest point, that is to say, near the delivery rollers.
The action of the apparatus is now easily seen. The twist is formed during the
drawing out of the carriage, and it must be broken before the taking up or
"copping." For this purpose the Mendoza pulley axle Q of the machine, turning
in the direction of the arrow, winds up the chain S in such manner as to stretch it
out, as indicated in dotted lines at S₁; then the rotation continuing, the wheel F
goes round in its turn, taking all the break-twist apparatus, which is slowly lowered
between the threads. In the event of one thread breaking and becoming twisted upon
its neighbour, the double thread is seized in one of the hooks and slightly lowered
in the direction a, b, c. But at this moment the carriage is about to commence its
return, the Mendoza pulley axle reverses its action and allows the chain S to unwind,
the axle A being no longer held. The spring H and the weight M then restores
the hooks E sharply to their original position. This position cannot be passed
owing to an ear or projection T, the end of which comes to bear upon a level
piece U carried by the support B. During this raising of the hooks the doubled
thread is raised at a, d, c, where the tension is strong enough to break it at its
weakest point, that is to say, at c, near the delivery rollers; but as this twisted
thread is no longer held, and as it is thrown off sufficiently high above the spindles,
it no longer obeys the movement of the rod, and instead of being wound helically
upon the spindle as it would have been, it is wound all at the end of the spindle in
a ring form which the workman is obliged to seize hold of and draw off in order to
reconnect the single thread.
The command of the needle carrier bar can be effected in another manner, which
is represented in Sheet 2.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 show the part of the machine to which the break-thread
apparatus is adapted. To the left of the headstock, between the horse head D and
the disengaging rod C, gearing is placed, which communicates movement to the
axle I, J, and consequently to the hooks. A solid support X (Figure 2) has three
sockets R, Q, P, upon which the gearing is arranged. The support Ŕ carries a
friction roller g, upon which slides a horizontal rack S; the intermediate gearing S¹
receives its movement from this and transmits it to the axle I, J, by means of the
wheel S keyed upon the said axle. To the rack is attached a rod or bar T, U,
along the framing A of the headstock. This rod is sustained at its end by a sup-
port E fitted to the frame A, in which it can slide easily. A support F is firmly
fixed upon this rod about 250 millemetres from the support E. The abutment G
fitted to the frame encounters the piece F, and imparts a horizontal movement, in
the direction of the arrow, to the rod, and consequently to the rack.
At intervals along the axis I, J, are mounted friction wheels V, V, V, upon which
leathers, straps, or cords may be wrapped, to which spiral spring are held; the
object of these springs is to maintain or to bring back to a vertical position the
whole arrangement p, p¹, h, (Figure 1) when it abuts against stoppers, as at Y
(Figures 1 and 2).
Suppose by the outward travel of the carraige it had arrived at 150 millemetres
from the end of its course, the abutment G encounters the support F, and the rack
will slide in the direction of the arrow, turning the gearing wheels S¹, S", which will
in consequence communicate the circular downward movement to the whole break-
twist arrangement, and will cause it to describe the curve a, b, c, d, (Figure 3).
If one of the hooks encounters a twist, it will lower it about 40 millemetres in
the direction of the line c, d, i. At this moment the supplementary torsion has
taken place, added to that produced by the revolutions of the cops or spindles; tho
rods and counter rods seize the threads and the re-opening takes place. The abut-
ment G, by suddenly abandoning the support F, causes the springs to act for quickly
raising the apparatus. The twist is broken and the double thread wound up in
ring form as previously explained.
It is evident that by our apparatus, whatever the mode of command, all the
twists formed will be broken, and, further, whatever the negligence of the work.

page_text: man, no double thread will ever be wound upon the tube of the spindle with the
others.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
Firstly. The particular form of needle or hook, shown in Figure 4 of the annexed
Drawings, acting between the threads in spinning machines, as and for the purpose
described
Secondly. Arranging twist thread disengaging hooks or their equivalents upon
a bar having a rotary movement, as described, said bar being oarried by the frame
of the delivery rollers, substantially as set forth and as shown in the annexed
Drawings.
Thirdly. The method of commanding the action of the twist disengaging appa-
ratus, which is variable at will, but always to ensure the lowering of the hooks in
a circular direction between the threads during the running out of the carriage, and
the raising of them at the commencement of the winding-up or copping, as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas James Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-seven.