IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kinlock, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, and Thomas Edmeston, of the same Place, Machinist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kinlock and Thomas
Edmeston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th June 1862.
We, JOHN KINLOCK, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, and
THOMAS EDMESTON, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved mode of regulating the yarn beam so
as to give the necessary equal tension to the yarn as the beam varies in
diameter, and consists of fixing an eccentric on the crank shaft of the loom,
the eccentric rod being attached to a lever by means of a stud, which slides
downwards as the yarn is taken off the beam in the process of weaving. The
said lever is a portion of a clip or strap passing round a pulley, and is tightened
so as to maintain the requisite friction by means of a screw passing through
the ends of the clip, the pulley being secured on the end of a small shaft
carried by a fixing on the loom side instead of the original fixing for carrying
the yarn beam. The end of the shaft is hollow, into which the pivot of the
yarn beam is placed, and is carried by it. At the end of the beam is fixed a

page_text: flange, in the outer surface of which is cut two slots or holes, a similar plate
or flange being fixed on the small shaft with two studs extending into the slots
or holes, thereby securing the yarn beam to the small shaft, and is easily taken
out and replaced. The small shaft is caused to oscillate by means of an
eccentric fixed on the crank shaft through the aforesaid clip, the eccentric
being fixed so as to release the yarn when the shed is open, and close it when
the shed is closing, the sliding stud being attached to a lever by a rod passing
down at the end of the clip, which lever is carried by a fixing secured to the
clip; the other end of the lever is pressing against the yarn beam by the
preponderance of the rod and sliding stud, and consequently moves downward
as the yarn beam diminishes in diameter, thereby encreasing the stroke or
oscillation of the beam, as required. The lever being attached to the clip,
there is no friction at the point where the lever presses on the beam, as all
parts oscillate from the same centre. The yarn is also allowed to pass along
through the clip by the pulley slipping round; and the clip is a more regular
friction than the present plan of weights and ropes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Kinlock and Thomas Edmeston in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 10th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
KINLOCK, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, and THOMAS
EDMESTON, of the same Place, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us; the said John Kinlock and Thomas Edmeston, Her special licence
that we, the said John Kinlock and Thomas Edmeston, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Kinlock
and Thomas Edineston, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time, agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS, FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said John Kinlock and Thomas Edmeston, our executors or adminis-

page_text: trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Kinlock and Thomas Edmeston,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates to an improved mode of regulating the yarn beam so
as to give the necessary equal tension to the yarn as the beam varies in
diameter, and consists of fixing a cam or eccentric on the crank shaft of the
loom. The cam or eccentric acts upon an arm or lever connected by a rod to
a sliding stud, which slides downwards on a quadrant lever as the yarn.is
taken off the beam in the process of weaving. The said quadrant lever is a
portion of a clip or strap passing round a pulley, and is tightened so as to
maintain the requisite friction by means of a screw passing through the ends
of the clip, the pulley being secured on the end of a small shaft carried by a
fixing on the loom side instead of the original fixing for carrying the yarn
beam. The end of the shaft is hollow, into which the pivot of the yarn beam
is placed, and is carried by it. At the end of the beam is fixed a flange,.in
the outer surface of which is cut two slots or holes, a similar plate or flange
being fixed on the small shaft with two studs extending into the slots or holes,
thereby securing the yarn beam to the small shaft, and also enabling it to be
easily taken out and replaced. The small. shaft is caused to oscillate by means
of the cam or eccentric fixed on the crank shaft through the aforesaid clip, the
cam or eccentric being fixed so as to release the yarn when the shed is open,
and close it when the shed is closing. The sliding stud is attached to a lever
by a rod passing down at the end of the clip, which lever is carried by a fixing
sécured to the clip; the other end of the lever is pressing against the yarn
beam by the preponderance of the rod and sliding stud, and consequently moves
downward as the yarn beam diminishes in diameter, thereby increasing the
stroke or oscillation of the beam as required. The lever being attached to the
clip, there is no friction at the point where the lever presses on the beam, as
all parts oscillate from the same centre. The yarn is also allowed to pass
along through the clip by the pulley slipping round, and the clip is a more
regular friction than the present plan of weights and ropes.
This Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the figures and
letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a back

page_text: élevation and Fig. 2 an end elevation of an ordinary calico loom having our
improvements attached. The crank shaft is shewn at a, fixed to which, on
the outside of the framework, is the cam or eccentric b. Attached to the
side of the loom and over the cam there is a stud c, on which works the
lever d, which has its end resting against or in contact with the cam. On
the side of the loom is fixed the bush or bearing e, through which is passed
the shaft f, having at one end the pulley or break 9, and at the other end a
plate with two studs h, the ends of which project into two slots or holes in the
plate i, fixed on the end of the yarn roller or beam j, a hole being made in
the centre of the shaft f for supporting the pivot of the yarn roller j at that
'end. Passing round the pulley or break g there is a clip or clam k, having a
projecting arm or quadrant, to which is fitted so as to slide easily a slide and.
stud l, having upon it one end of the connecting rod m, the other end of
which is attached to the 'vibrating lever d. To the bottom of the clip kis
fixed the arm n, having at the end a joint, to which is suspended the lever o
attached to one end of the rod or stay p, the other end of which is connected
to the slide and stud 1; the gravitation or weight of which presses the circular-
end of the lever o against the yarn upon the roller or beam j, and thereby.
adjusts the slide and stud 7 according to the quantity of yarn on the roller or
beam j. Passing through the-ends of the clip k there is an eye bolt
the opposite ends of the clips are secured by a spring, there being at the end
of the eye bolt a wing nut for the purpose of screwing up the clip to the
required tightness. Through the eye of the bolt q is passed a small crank'r,
which bears upon the end of the clip k, and on the end of the crank is fixed
the lever s, at the end of which is a slot working on a stud attached to the
rod or stay p.
9, and
Having described the different parts of our improved apparatus, we now
explain the mode of operation. Fig. 2 represents the loom in the position
when the reed is in contact with the cloth; at this position the healds and
yarn are nearly close, as shewn by the full lines. The cam 6 on the crank
shaft a is also pressing back the vibrating lever d and the quadrant arm k,
thereby turning back the roller j, and tightening the yarn, and also moving
the crank round to the opposite centre, as shewn by the dotted lines; 'the
healds are then in an open position, the reed is thrown back, leaving a passage
for the shuttle to pass through between the yarn; the cam b'on the crank
shaft a has retreated, allowing the vibrating lever dyand the quadrant arm k
to move forward as the healds have expanded, thereby allowing the yarn to be
slack when the healds were in motion. To secure the required tightness of
yarn at this position there is a spring t which passes through and is fixed in a

page_text: slot in the stud c; the end of the spring presses against the stud, which
attaches the vibrating lever d and the connecting rod m together. As the
yarn is taken from the roller or beam the roller or beam turns round, and.in
its motion turns the pulley g, the friction of which in the clip k gives the
tightness to the yarn in the process of weaving, the clip having been previously
adjusted to the 'required tightness by the wing nut and the bolt q. As the
diameter of the yarn on the beam is reduced in the process of weaving, the
oscillation of the roller or beam requires to be increased in the same ratio in
order to give the same length of yarn for the expansion of the healds as at the
commencement; this is accomplished by the slide and stud l.passing down
the quadrant arm k, the distance of which is regulated by the diameter of the
yarn on the roller or beam itself through the lever o, and the rod or stay p,
thereby shortening the leverage of the quadrant k, and so increasing the
oscillation of the beam j. As the beam is reduced in diameter it is also
necessary to reduce the friction of the clip k; this is accomplished by means
of the small crank and the lever s, for as the stay or rod-p moves downward
according to the reduced diameter of the yarn on the beam it takes with it
the lever s, turning the small crank r in the eye bolt q, and by this means
slackens the clip k. Unless a different sort of cloth is intended to be woven,
it is not neccessary to tighten the clip in putting a fresh warp into the loom,
as the lever o which presses against.the yarn in moving upwards or downwards
takes with it the slide and stud and the lever s; by this means both the
oscillation of the beam and the tightness of the clip and yarn are self
adjustable; this mode of friction can be substituted by a disk or a conical
pulley and conical strap with the same quadrant arm k, as before described;
the friction of the cone may be adjusted by a screw at the end of the shaft.
It will be seen by the foregoing description and Drawings that the weights,
levers, and ropes or chains now in general use are entirely dispensed with,
thereby making the loom more compact. This appliance is not affected by
damp or dry weather as are the ropes, and the healds and the yarn are not so
much injured by this method.
By weights the yarn is always the same tightness, consequently when the
healds are in motion there is a continual sliding backwards and forwards of
the yarn in the healds, the effect of the weights bearing upon it. In our
method the yarn is allowed free liberty when the healds are in motion, and
tightened only when the reed is beating up the weft, and at this point the
healds are almost motionless. However, this appliance can be worked in
conjunction with weights when desired.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,

page_text: and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
understood that we claim in looms for weaving the arrangement of mechanism
for maintaining the yarn at its proper tension without weights, ropes, chains,
or levers, or by their partial use, and also for slackening and tightening the
yarn to accommodate the motion of the healds, by the motion of the
roller or beam, as all such improvements are herein described, and illustrated
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
yarn
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Edmeston, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Kinlock, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
THOMAS EDMESTON. (L.s.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named Thomas Edmeston
in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.