Improvements in and connected with Steam Generators.
Year: 1892

page_text: te of Application, 15th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 7th Jan., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Steam Generators.
I, ZACARIAS CAMPOS HERRERO, of Murcia, in the Kingdom of Spain,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to steam generators and has for object to prevent the
incrustations that usually take place in boilers when they are fed with impure
waters and to effect an economy in the consumption of fuel.
In carrying out my invention I arrange the tubes which constitute the generator
This transverse
transversely in sections in the manner hereinafter described.
arrangement of the tubular sections allows of placing small cylinders or boilers or
series of vertical tubes at each side of the fuel bed so as to utilize the heat which in
ordinary sectional tubular boilers is lost by radiation; I employ cylinders or small
boilers placed in continuation of the tubular sections, for the purpose of purifying
the feed water of the boiler and utilizing the heat retained by the gases of
combustion after passing through the tubular sections and before reaching the
chimney.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can be
carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a section on the line A B of Figure 2 of a steam generator constructed
according to my invention, that is to say, it is a view of the fore part of the
generator without the furnace doors and fire brick covering.
A is the furnace where the combustion takes place. B indicates the grate bars
supported in cheeks b, b which form with the grate a kind of box which insulates it
from small cylinders or boilers D, D (made of iron or steel plates) and prevents the
fuel from touching them.
.
Thesc
C is the ash pit. The said cylinders or boilers are three in number as shewn in
Figure and are supported at their base by a brick frame or by cast iron plates,
leaving space for inspection of the purging and discharge tubes d', d'.
cylinders completely full of water are heated by the heat that they receive by
radiation from the fire of the furnace. They are joined by means of pipes and
clamps e, e to horizontal boxes E, E, Figures 1 and 2. These boxes are hollow and
made of cast iron and have in their upper part as many holes as there are series of
boxes F, F, made of cast iron vertically placed upon the horizontal boxes E, E and
carrying the tubes n, n, n, n, of which the tubular series of each section are formed.
The boxes F, F, (which are represented in Figure 3 in halves, one half shewing
them in elevation and the other in section) are joined at their bases n¹ to the
horizontal boxes E, E, and fastened by screws m, m which as shewn in Figure 2
are applied to two boxes at the same time. The boxes F, F, also communicate with
upper horizontal boxes G, G, by means of tubes g, g. Each box F, F, is provided
on the outside and facing the tubes which they contain, with openings conveniently
placed for inspecting or cleaning the interior of the tubes. The said openings are
closed by means of covers as shewn in Figures 1 and 2 and also more clearly in
These
Figure 3. They have besides on each side slots o, o, o, o, Figures 1 and 3.
slots in uniting as shewn in Figure 2, form openings for the exterior cleaning of the
tubes, which cleaning can be effected by means of a brush or by jets of steam.
These openings are represented by the black squares shewn in Figure 2 in the
tubular sections.

page_text: The horizontal boxes G, G which communicate as already described with the
vertical boxes F, F, through the tubes g, g have at the middle of their upper parts
tubes y, y connected with tubes y', y' leading into and partly placed within the steam
chamber H; as shewn in the second tubular section of Figure 2 at the upper part
thereof which is shewn without any frame. J, Figure 1, is a conduit through which
the gases produced by the combustion after having traversed the first tubular section
in an upward direction pass to the second section and through it in the direction
indicated by the arrows in Figure 2. h, h, Figures 4 and 5, are iron doors which
cover in the tubular sections from the atmosphere.
The parts of the tubes y', y' within the steam chamber are bent.as shewn in
dotted lines and through them enter the water and steam proceeding from the
tubular sections. The water injected into the said chamber as well as the water
proceeding from the condensed steam descends to the cylinders D, D, through
tubes d, d, thus establishing a circulation.
Figure 2 shews a side view of the generator without the doors, h, which shut in
the tubular sections and of the cylinders or small boilers serving as feed water
purifiers. In this figure the generator is shewn provided with only two tubular
sections and three vertical purifying cylinders as these are sufficient to illustrate its
construction and manner of working. The generator can however be constructed
with three or more tubular sections and four or more vertical purifying cylinders.
The first section has already been described with reference to Figure 1. The
second section is similar, excepting that the cylinders D, D, D, which are placed
on each side of the hearth of the former are dispensed with and that there are more
transverse tubes n; further, the horizontal boxes E, E, are supported on a cast iron
plate P having on its lower middle part a register and door Q for the extraction of
ashes and soot that may be deposited at the bottom of the section.
Tubes 1, 7, serve a similar purpose to the tubes d, d, of the first section and on the
top of the steam chamber of this section which is not provided with a chimney
are placed safety valves L. L. The cylinders or small vertical boilers M, M, M,
which form a continuation of this section, and which, should be constructed of
malleable iron or steel, have at their upper end a manhole for interior inspection
and at the lower end purging and discharge tubes or cocks p, p, p. At the upper
end as shewn in the said Figure 2 each cylinder has a pipe connected to a pipe N
which places it in communication with the steam chambers of the tubular sections.
The object of these cylinders or small boilers is to purify the water employed to
feed the generator, before passing to the tubular sections by the action of the waste
heat from the sections. To this end the water is not admitted to all the cylinders
at the same time but first enters the third or last cylinder at Z and as it comes into
this cylinder the water contained therein passes out at V and down through a
tube t, t, and enters the second cylinder.at U whence it egresses at 7, passés down-
wards through a tubes, s, enters the first cylinder at X, from which it passes out
at Y down through a tube r, r and is admitted at O into the box E of the second
tubular section from which it is transmitted to all the series 'and, 'tubes of this
section, and passing out through the pipe O" of the upper horizontal box G, comes
down through
a tube f, and enters at a¹ the lower horizontal box E of the first
tubular section. .J
1
The cylinders M, M, M, as they generate steam have each a chamber formed by
the space between the manhole cover and the dotted line m', m', m', which is the
level at which the water must be kept.
The heat resulting from the combustion passes through the "generator 'in 'the
direction indicated by the arrows, that is to say, up through the first tubular
section, down through the second, tubular section and all around and alternately
up and down the cylinders, the heat being caused to take this latter course by
partitions o, o, o, o'; it then passes through the opening Z" into the chimney.
1
Figure 4 shews a similar generator with only the first tubular section herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the cylinders M, 'M; 'M, 'Being '

page_text: replaced by cast iron boxes R, R, R, R, with tubes closed at one end as shewn in
Figures 6 and 7 with the object of rendering it less expensive in order that it may
be employed in small industries which require less than 15 HP and which are
those most in need of economical generators. The said Figure 4 is a view of the
boiler from the side where the boxes R, R, R, R, and the tubes of communication
between the boxes are placed, the plate that shuts in this side being removed and
shewing the gallery through which the tubes of the aforesaid boxes pass indepen-
dently of one another and communicate with the steam chamber of the tubular
section, through which gallery or section the gases of combustion after having
passed through the whole of the generator in the manner indicated by the
arrows in Figure 5 reach the chimney L which is placed above the steam
chamber.
Figure 5 represents the generator as seen from the opposite side_with
doors 3, 8, 3, 3, for inspecting and cleaning the tubes of the boxes R, R, R, R,
and the openings X, X, X, X, for the extraction of ashes and soot which may
be deposited at the bottom; Z, Z, Z, Z, is the covering of the upper gallery Zu,
Figure 6.
Figure 6 is a section of the generator on the line P, Q of Figure 4. R is the
cast iron box with three or more rows of tubes n, n, n, n, closed at one of their ends
which box carries the lid or plate U which closes the opening V, Figure 7 of a
breadth and length equal to the space occupied by the tubes and through which
opening when necessary the interior inspection and cleaning is effected. The
box R has at its lower part a pipe O" for communicating the water to the next
box and a pipe ¹¹ for purging and emptying. The lid U has near its upper end a
pipe u through which the water passes to the next tubular section. I is the
gallery through which the gases of combustion after passing through the tubular
section enter this box, passing downwards through the tubes that it contains and
afterwards passing through O to the next box. s,s are the doors or openings for
cleaning the outside of the tubes. is the opening for the extraction of ashes,
and Z is the upper gallery through which the gases of combustion after passing
through the whole of the generator reach the chimney heating at the same time the
connecting steam tubes of the boxes R with the steam chamber of the tubular
section. The safety and steam admission valves, not shewn, are placed on the
steam chamber. The water level indicators, steam gauges and other auxiliary
parts are also not shewn in any of the figures of the drawing because they are
unnecessary for the explanation of my invention.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of the box R without the tubes and without the
top and bottom covers so as to clearly illustrate its shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a tubular steam generator arranging the tubes in independent sections
having no other communication with one another than that required for the water
and steam, substantially as herein before described.
2. The combination with the tubular_sections of the steam generator of the
vertical cylinders, M, M, M, or boxes R, R, R, R, containing tubes closed at one of
their ends with the object of utilizing the heat retained by the gases after passing
through the tubular sections of the generator, for producing the physical and
chemical re-action which is necessary to the water to cause it to lose all the impure
matters and vaporizable salts that it may contain, which salts remain at the bottom
of the boxes or cylinders so that when the water reaches the tubular sections it is
quite pure, substantially as herein before described.
3. In a tubular steam generator having its tubes arranged in sections the appli-
cation of cylinders below the first tubular section and at the sides of the furnace
grate for the utilization of the radiating heat of the furnace.

page_text: 4. The improved steam generators hercinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 15th day of November 1892.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.