Year: 1888

page_text: I FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY of Freshfield in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to machines for obtaining ice by the alternate vapourization
and liquifaction of volatile liquids such as ether and sulphurous acid, and consists
essentially in a novel combination and arrangement of parts to form a new machine
and in improved construction of parts thereof.
First. I combine in the following order by means of suitable pipes and connections
(a) A vapour pump (b) a combined liquid meter or feeding regulator vapourizer
expansion chamber and supplementary condenser (c) a condenser combined with an
air vessel (d) combined brine and water circulator, and (e) ice moulds.
Second. To obtain an efficient vapourizing pump I make such pump double acting
with suction valves having ports opening to the cylinder at about one sixth of the
stroke of the piston from either end so that the said ports are closed by the piston as it
nears the end of its stroke and high tension vapour is prevented from filling the ports
and spaces beneath the suction valves. I carry suction and discharge valves on their
closing springs which are fixed into removable caps, and are fitted with adjusting
screws. I provide the valve seats with external or the valvo springs with internal
guides. I divide the stuffing box into two compartments by means of an adjustable
guide bush held in position by a spring, the outer compartment being adapted to
contain packing whilst the inner compartment is connected to the condenser or
vapourizer so as to maintain in the said compartment the lowest pressure in any part
of the apparatus above a vacuum. I further provide the stuffing box with self
tightening nuts fitted on the auxiliary stuffing box studs and a continuous acting oil
pump to ensure lubrication to the rod.
Third. The vapourizer consists of a single tube or of inclined tubes disposed in sets
or in a series and opening into chambers at each end from which the volatile liquid is
admitted into the said tubes by an opening or through perforated plates. To the
lowermost chamber or end of set of tubes is affixed the meter or regulator which consists

page_text: of a chamber containing a float combined with valve and piston weight both of which
are in direct connection with the vapourizer so that they are in equilibrium. To the
delivery end of the vapourizer is affixed an expansion chamber connected to the pump
and so made as to form a supplementary condenser which latter is connected to the
main condenser.
Fourth. The condenser consists of a series of pipes connected by U shaped
bends and coupled to an air vessel from which a pipe leads the volatile liquid
and any uncondensed gas to the supplementary condenser and thence to the
vapourizer.
Fifth. I circulate the water and brine used for cooling and refrigerating by means
of vanes working in a tube or passage and connected to the rotating shaft. The
water circulates about the condenser and the brine about the vapourizer and ice
moulds.
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page_text: I FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY of Freshfield in the County of Lancaster Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The invention relates to machines for obtaining ice by the alternate vapourization
and liquifaction of volatile liquids such as ether and sulphurous acid and consists
essentially in a novel combination and arrangement of parts to form a new machine
and in improved construction of parts thereof.
First. I combine the following parts by means of suitable pipes and connections
(a) a vapour pump (b) a combined liquid meter or feeding regulator, vapourizer,
expansion chamber and supplementary condenser (c) a condensor combined with an air
vessel (d) combined brine and water circulator and (e) ice moulds.
Second. To obtain an efficient vapourizing pump I make such pump double acting
with suction valves having ports opening to the cylinder at about one sixth of the
stroke of the piston from either end so that the said ports are closed by the piston as
it nears the end of its stroke and high tension vapour is prevented from filling the
ports and spaces beneath the suction valves, I carry suction and discharge valves on
their closing springs which are fixed into removable caps and are fitted into adjusting
screws, I provide either the valve seats with external or the valve springs with internal
guides, I divide the stuffing box into two compartments by means of an adjustable
guide brush and sliding collar held in position by a spring, the outer compartment
being adapted to contain packing whilst the inner compartment is connected to the
condenser or vapourizer so as to maintain in the said compartment the lowest pressure
in any part of the apparatus above a vacuum.
I further provide the stuffing box with self tightening nuts fitted on the stuffing box
studs and also with a continuous oil pump to ensure lubrication of the rod.
Third. The vapourizer consists of a single tube or of inclined tubes disposed in sets
or in a series and opening into chambers at each end from which the volatile liquid is
admitted into the said tubes by an opening or through perforated plates. To the
lowermost chamber or end of set of tubes is affixed the meter or regulator which consists
of a chamber containing a float combined with valve and piston weight both of which
are in direct connection with the vapourizer so that they are in equilibrium. To the
delivery end of the vapourizer is affixed an expansion chamber connected to the pump
and so made as to form a supplementary condenser which latter is connected to the
main condenser.
Fourth. The condenser consists of a series of pipes connected by U shaped
bends and coupled to an air vessel from which a pipe leads the volatile liquid
and any incondensed gas to the supplementary condenser and thence to the
vapourizer.

page_text: means of vanes working in a tube or passage and connected to the rotating shaft.
The water circulates about the condenser and the brine about the vapourizer and
ice moulds.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 Sheet. I is a plan, figs. 2 and 3 sheet II longitudinal sections and fig. 4
Sheet II a transverse section of an ice machine under my invention. Under the first
part A is a vapour pump of any ordinary or suitable construction but preferably made
as set forth under the second part. B is a liquid meter or feeding regulator combined
with a vapourizer and expansion chambers Cand a supplementary condensor D. These
parts are of any suitable construction but I prefer to make them as set forth under
the third head. E is the main condensor of any usual form or as set forth under the
fourth head combined with an air vessel F. G is a brine circulator or propeller fitted
on the same driving shaft is a water circulator or propeller H. I are ice moulds all of
ordinary form. The pump A is connected to the vapourizer C by a pipe J and to the
condensor E by a pipe K. The supplementary condensor D is connected to the air
vessel F by a pipe L and to the liquid metor or feeding regulator B by a
pipe M.
The action is as follows-The pump draws vapour from the vapourizer C which
contains the volatile liquid such as ether sulphurous acid or ammonia and delivers it
into the main condensor E where it becomes liquified under pressure. The said
liquid then flows into the air vessel F and through the pipe L into the supplementary
condenser D, thence by the pipe M into the meter or regulator B and then into the
vapourizer at its lower part. The main condensor E is placed in a tank N containing
water which is caused by means of the propeller H to circulate in contact with the
tubes of which the condensor is formed. The vapourizer C and the ice moulds I are
placed in the tank O the one being separated from the other by a partition P and
brine is caused to circulate in contact with the surfaces of the vapourizer C and the
moulds I by the propeller G. Q Pressure gauge connected to the air vessel F.
Under the second part Figure 5 sheet III is a longitudinal section of so much of a
double acting vapourizing pump as is necessary to illustrate my invention 1 is the
cylinder, 2 the piston, 3 the piston rod, 4 the suction valves 5 the discharge valves.
The valves are carried on springs 6 fixed into removable caps 7. 8 adjusting screws.
The screws serve to regulate the pressure with which the valves are held to their
seats. The suction valve 4 is shown with an internal guide 9 free to slide in a
bush 10 in the valve opening 11. The delivery valve 5 is shown provided with
external guides 12 free to slide in the sleeve 13 secured to the valve chest cover 14.
The suction valve opening or port 11 enters the cylinder as shown about one
sixth of the stroke of the piston from the cylinder cover 15. 16 stuffing box divided
into compartments 17 and 18 by the sliding collar 19 and the adjustable guide
bush 20. 21 spring for holding the guide bush in position. The bush 20 is made in
sections held against the rod 3 by springs 22 and serves to maintain the rod in central
position whilst the spring 21 keeps the said bush against the cylinder cover 16 so as
to prevent leakage as much as possible. The compartment 17 is connected by a
passage 23 to the condenser expansion chamber valve chests or other portion of the
apparatus having a working pressure sufficiently low to cause any vapour leaking
into the compartment 17 to pass away. The compartment 18 is filled with any usual
packing and closed with a gland 24.
Figs. 6 and 7 sheet I are views part being in section showing my improved
construction of self tightening nuts and oiling appliances for vapour pumps 25 stuffing
box studs 26 nuts : on the nuts are fitted racket wheels 27 carrying weighted
levers 28 provided with pawls 29. It will be obvious that as the packing wears the
weights will cause the levers to tighten the nuts when a weight has fallen sufficiently
low the lever is raised and the pawl engages with another tooth of the ratchet.
30 oil tank secured to any convenient portion of the apparatus such as a bed plate

page_text: 31 pump barrel having a suction pipe 32 dipping into the oil in the tank. 33 piston
held at the outer end of its stroke by a spring 34. 35 suction and delivery valves
36 discharge pipe leading into the lantern bush 37 in stuffing box 18. A pipe 38 is
led from the said stuffing box to the upper side of the piston rod 3 39 is an arm on
the rod 3. At each stroke the said arm strikes the piston 33 and forces some oil
through the stuffing box on to the piston rod and thence back into the tank. The
pressure of oil in the box 18 may be regulated by a valve on the pipe 38.
Under the third part Fig. 2 shows a vapourizer and expansion chamber with
liquid meter or feeding regulator and supplementary condenser combined Fig. 8
Sheet III being an enlarged section of the meter or regulator. The said vapourizer
consists of a series of tubes 40 opening into chambers 41 42 which serve as liquid
recovery and expansion chambers respectively 43 plate having perforations through
which the liquid passes from the chamber 41 into the tubes 40 44 liquid meter
chamber 45 float 46 valve. 47 piston weight all connected by the lever 48 pivotted
at 49 to the plate 50. The chamber above the plate is connected to the supplementary
condensor by the pipe M and below the plate to the chamber 41 by the pipe 51. 51* pipe
making communication between the upper part of the chamber 44 and the pipe 51
so that the pressure in the chamber 44 will not become so high as to prevent
liquid from entering the said chamber. 52 supplementary condensor opening to the
chamber 42 (where expansion takes place) and to the pipe J, 53 jacket surrounding
the said condensor. The action of the apparatus is as follows volatilo liquid entors
the jacket 55 from the main condenser through the pipe L and passes away from the
said jacket through the pipe M into the chamber 44 whence it flows past the valve 46
into the chamber 41 and thence through the perforated plate 43 and through the
tubes of the vapourizer 40 into the expansion chamber 42 and through the sup-
plementary condensor 52 to the vapour pump A. The supplementary condensor may
be of corrugated metal or be otherwise made to expose a large surface. It will be
evident that the tubes forming the vapourizer may be corrugated or have flange pieces
or rings or projecting studs thereon to enable a large surface for the transmission of
heat to be contained in small space. Instead of a series of pipes being used the
vapourizer may be formed with a single through way in the manner set forth under
the fourth part.
Under the fourth part fig. 3 Sheet I illustrates a condensor in which a number
of tubes 10x form a continuous through way such pipes being connected to each
other by U shaped bends.
The said condensors may be made in any of the ways specified under the third
part with the exception that the tubes are coupled to an air vessel and to a pump
instead of chambers 41 and 42.
In Fig. 2 is a sectional view of apparatus for circulating water and brine 54 shaft
working in bearings 55. 56 vanes or propellers on the shaft 54, 57 driving pulley
58 tunnel 59, 60 inlet and outlet ways when the vane is caused to rotate water or brine
enters the tunnel by one of the ways 59, 60 and leaves it by the other according to
the direction of rotation of the vane or propeller.
Any suitable motor is used for actuating the pump and water circulating
apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
Under the first part Ice machines having the combination of parts a b c d and e
substantially as set forth.
Under the second part (a) Vapourizing pumps provided with suction valves having
ports opening to the cylinder substantially in the manner and for the purpose set
forth.
(b) Constructing suction and discharge valves for vapourizing pumps substantially
as set forth

page_text: (c) Constructing the stuffing boxes of vapourizing pumps with two compartments
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
(d) Apparatus for tightening the nuts of stuffing box glands substantially in the
manner and for the purpose set forth.
(e) Apparatus for lubricating the piston rods of pumps substantially as set
forth.
Under the third part (a) in vapourizers the combination of tubes, perforated plates
and liquid and expansion chambers substantially as set forth.
(b) The combination of vapourizers liquid and expansion chambers, meter or
regulator and supplementary condensor substantially as set forth.
Under the fourth part Condensors constructed of tubes coupled to an air vessel
substantially as set forth.
Under the fifth part Apparatus for causing brine and water to circulate substantially
as set forth.
1
Per pro J. T. KING,
J. Johnson,
Agent.