IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VARIOUS PROCESSES OF TREATING YARNS WITH LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Reid, Manager to Messieurs Donald,
Matheson, and Company, of Govan Croft Dye Works, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VARIOUS PROCESSES OF
TREATING YARNS WITH LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 17th March 1876, and dated the 23rd September 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Reid at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1875.
I, WILLIAM REID, Manager to Messieurs Donald, Matheson, and
5 Company, of Govan Oroft Dye Works, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IS APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VARIOUS
PROCESSES OF TREATING YARNS WITH LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
T
L chinat the constructing of Arrancing of

page_text: so that the yarns may be subjected to less handling and less risk of
injury than in existing apparatus for the same purpose.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification the
yarns in the hank'form are put on single rods or poles, and the rods are
carried by their ends on chains, which convoy them through the vats,
tanks, boilers, or other vessels containing the bleaching, preparing,
mordanting, dyeing, clearing, or other liquids with which the yarns are
to be treated.
In some cases the rods or poles are fitted with wheels at their ends to
run on stationary rails or racks, and thereby impart rotation to the rods
and continual change of position to the yarns as they are carried along
by the chains.
On leaving each vat or vessel, or at more frequent intervals if
desirable, the yarns are led between pairs of wringing or squeezing
rollers to express the liquid, and one of each pair of such rollers is
made with a groove or depression to allow of the passage of the rod or
pole between the rollers. This arrangement of wringing rollers is of
great practical advantage even without the conveying chains, as it admits
of hanks of yarn being wrung without being handled, and when used
without the chains the lower one of each pair of rollers may be fitted
with hooks, into which the operator places the ends of the rod carrying
the yarn as these hooks are moving away from him under the roller.
The rollers in turning then carry the rod and yarn round and through
between them towards the operator, so that he can very conveniently
lift them off after being squeezed. In some cases two rods may be
used with each set of hanks.
In another modification of the improved apparatus the yarn hanks are
distended upon a pair of rods which pass at right angles to the wringing
or squeezing rollers either just beyond the ends of the rollers or in
grooves formed round the rollers near the ends, the yarns lying parallel
to the rollers as they pass through between them. The yarn hanks
distended on pairs of rods in this way may be conveyed by chains in a
direction generally parallel to the rods, and rotatory motion may be
given to the rods to change the position of the yarn on them by wheels

page_text: with inclined teeth fixed on the rods and engaging with stationary racks
having inclined teeth.
In a third modification of the wringing or squeezing apparatus an
endless web is led from a small guide roller in front of the lower part of
the bottom squeezing roller, under and round the back of this bottom
roller, then forward between the bottom and upper rollers, round the
upper roller, down behind both rollers, and under small guide rollers to
the front guide 'roller first mentioned. The hanks laid on the endless
web are carried round behind and then forward between the squeezing
rollers, and are delivered at the same side as that at which they were
entered.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Reid in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
REID, Manager to Messieurs Donald, Matheson, and Company, of
Govan Croft Dye Works, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Reid, Her special
licence, that I, the said William Reid, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Reid, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH VARIOUS PROCESSES OF TREATING YARNS WITH
LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Reid, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in

page_text: writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Reid, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :—
My said Invention has for its object the constructing or arranging of
apparatus for treating yarns with liquids in an improved manner, and so
that the yarns may be subjected to less handling and less risk of injury
than in existing apparatus for the same purpose.
In carrying out my Invention. the yarns in the hank form are put on
single rods or poles, and the rods are carried by their ends on endless
chains arranged so as to lead the yarns between a pair of squeezing or
wringing rollers after the yarns have been treated in vats, tanks, boilers,
or other vessels containing bleaching, preparing, mordanting, dyeing,
clearing, or other liquids.
I contemplated extending the chains so as to convey the rods or poles
carrying the yarns through the vats or other vessels in which the yarns
are treated with liquids, but having found that an extension of the
chains for such purposes is not so advantageous or so convenient as I
formerly believed it to be, I now abstain from making any claim
respecting it, and for similar reasons I also disclaim what is described
as a third modification in my Provisional Specification lodged on
applying for the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent.
Hitherto yarns treated with liquids have generally had the liquid
wrung from them by tho well known twisting process in which they aro
not only handled to an undesirable extent, but are also very severely
strained against each other and often injured. It has at the same time
been quite well understood that if the yarns could be conveniently or
properly submitted to the action of squeezing rollers the disadvantages

page_text: of the manual wringing or twisting operation, or of similar operations
imitated by some kinds of machinery would be avoided. No convenient
arrangement has however been proposed or tried prior to my present
Invention, under which I accomplish the desired object by leading the
yarns between the squeezing rollers by means of the rods or poles
carrying the yarns, and which rods or poles are themselves conveyed by
endless chains, each rod or pole being enabled to pass through between
the rollers with the yarn on it by forming a slight indentation in the
surface of one or both rollers and by arranging the movements so
that each rod or pole enters the indentation provided for it in the roller
surface.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append two Sheets of
explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and representing
apparatus as constructed or arranged for carrying out my improvements.
In these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.-
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of the Drawings are a front and a side
elevation of one modification of roller wringing or squeezing apparatus
which I employ, and Figure 3 on Sheet 2 is an enlarged vertical section
of the two rollers 5, 6. The main framing of the machine comprises
a pair of cast-iron side standards 7 bolted down to a base block and
connected by tie rods 8. The rollers 5, 6, are fixed on shafts 9, 10, the
ends of which are entered into vertical guide slots in the frame standards
7, the lower roller shaft 10 resting on bearings 11, and having fixed on
it a spur wheel 12 driven by a pinion 13 on a first motion shaft 14,
which has on it fast and loose pulleys 15 for å driving belt. The upper
roller 5 rests on the lower roller 6, and its shaft 9 has bearings and
blocks 16 placed above it in the frame slots, whilst screwed spindles 17
with hand wheels are tapped through cross pieces 18 bolted to the tops of
the frame standards 7, and serve for making the upper
roller 5 press
more or less on the lower one 6. This apparatus, so far as thus described
with reference to the Drawings, does not differ materially from existing
squeezing roller machines as used for woven fabrics.
The lower roller 6 has sprocket wheels 19 fixed or formed at its ends,
the teeth of which wheels engage with the links of two endless chains

page_text: 20, and these chains pass each round two pulleys 21, 22, carried at the
front and back of the machine on studs 23, 24, fixed to the frame
standard 7, which is formed with extensions or brackets to receive tho
studs in suitable positions. The circuit of each endless chain 20 is from
the front pulley 21 over the sprocket wheel 19, and thence round the t
back pulley 22, from which it returns underneath to the front pulley 21.
The endless chains 20 have projecting claws 25 fixed on certain of their
links, the claw or claws on one chain being exactly opposite or facing
that or those on the other. The attendant worker takes a rod 26 with a
quantity of the saturated yarn 27 on it, and placing it with its ends on 1
the endless chains and against a pair of the claws 25. The motion
of the machine then causes the endless chains 20 to carry the rod 26
through between the rollers 5, 6, and the rod leads in the yarn from
which the action of the rollers squeezes out the liquid or moisture in a
more or less complete manner as required in each case, according to the
pressure of the rollers, and also according to the material with which
the rollers are covered. At the back of the machine two rails 28 are
fixed just beside the chains 20 to receive the ends of the yarn rods 26,
and the chains in passing downwards to their back guide pulleys 22
leave the rods on the rails 28. These rails are by preference inclined a
slightly downwards, as shown, so that each succeeding rod with yarn on
it may easily push back the rods previously deposited on the rails. Any
suitable vessel 29 may be placed under the rollers 5, 6, to receive the
liquid expressed from the yarn.
The rollers 5, 6, are shown in Figure 3 as made for applying severe a
pressure and as consisting of iron cylinders covered with vulcanised
rubber. The lower iron cylinder 6 is made with an indentation 30,
which extends from end to end at one part, and the endless chains 20
are placed on the sprocket wheels 19, with the claws 25 in such positions
as to lead cach yarn rod 26 to the point between the rollers just as the g
indentation in the lower roller 6 comes round to that point, and so that
the rod passes through in the indentation.
In some cases only one of the rollers 5, G, will be covered with
vulcanised rubber, the other roller being covered with flannel or yarn or
other soft material, whilst in other cases both rollers may be covered 8
with other material than rubber. The rods with the yarn hanks on
them may be entered between the squeezing rollers by hand, but it is

page_text: more convenient to use the chains for that purpose. Also when the
material covering the rollers is of a sufficiently yielding and elastic
nature it may not be necessary to form any special indentation for the
passage of the rod, particularly if the rods employed are made of a flat
form and as light as conveniently possible.
In another modification of my improved apparatus the yarn hanks
are distended upon a pair of rods (26) which pass at right angles to the
wringing or squeezing rollers 5, 6, either just beyond the ends of the
rollers, or as I prefer in grooves or indentations formed round the
rollers, as shown at 31, in Figure 4, Sheet 2, this Figure being a front
view of a pair of such rollers. In this modification the pair of rods
with the hanks on them may be entered between the rollers 5, 6, by
hand, or by means of suitably arranged chains which are only as wide
apart as the grooves 81, excepting near the rollers, on approaching
which they are deflected by fixed guides so as to clear the rods (26) and
engage with the sprocket wheels 19 beyond the roller ends. The claws
(25) for holding the rods (26) on the chains (20) are forked in this
modification and are provided in sufficient number to receive both ends
of each rod and also to engage with the middles or other parts if
required.
I believe that yarns may be satisfactorily wrung or squeezed accord-
ing to this second modification, but I prefer the modification first herein-
before described as simpler and as more convenient in practice.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described and delineated, but that
what I believe to be novel and original and claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
1. In apparatus to be used in connection with various processes of
treating yarns with liquids the arrangement of squeezing rollers for
expressing the liquids, having combined with them endless chains to
lead rods carrying the yarn hanks to, between, and from the rollers,
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
2. The arrangement of squeezing rollers for expressing liquids from
yarns wherein indentations are formed in the surface of one or both
rollers of a pair to facilitate the passing between the rollers of the rod

page_text: or rous on which the yarn nanks are fung, substantially as AVAY
described.
3. The using of the rods on which the saturated yarn hanks are
retained for leading the hanks through or between the squeezing rollers,
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Reid, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
WILLIAM REID. (L.S.)