CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO- MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS WHERE INDUCED CURRENTS ARE USED, AND ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SUCH INDUCED CURRENTS.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris,
France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS WHERE INDUCED CURRENTS ARE USED, AND ALSO IN
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SUCH INDUCED CURRENTS.”. _A communication
from Robert Kirk Boyle, residing in the City, County, and State of
New York, United States of America, Electrician.
Sealed the 23rd December 1875, and dated the 1st July 1875.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 1st July 1875, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "CERTAIN Im-
PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS WHERE INDUCED CURRENTS Are
USED, AND ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SUCH INDUCED CURRENTS," (com-
municated to me by Robert Kirk Boyle, a person resident in the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America, Electrician,)
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and made solemn Declaration that it is a communication.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention consists,―
First. In combining with a series of induction coils a brush or key
moving over a surface composed of alternating segments of non-
conducting materials, each of the conducting segments being connected
to the inducing helix of one of the induction coils in such a manner
that by the action of the moving brush or key electric currents of the
same polarity are induced successively in the induction coils, and
thereby a constant current of electricity of either kind can be produced
with great facility.
Second. In combining with a battery in the line of a telegraph two
induction coils, one in each terminus of the line, the battery being always
closed on the line in such a manner that if the connections are made
with a chemical writing instrument, a continuous line will be drawn on
the paper by the action of the line battery current as long as the paper is
drawn through under the pen; and whenever the local battery in tho
transmitting station is closed and opened, which is done whenever a
signal is to be transmitted, two induced currents of different potentials
One of these currents
pass over the line to the receiving instrument.
having the same potential as the line battery current increases the force
of this battery, and the line drawn by the pen of the writing instrument
becomes more distinct, while the second induced current, which is of
opposite potential from the line battery current, neutralises this current
and the pen of the writing instrument ceases to produce any mark on
the paper, and consequently the recording of signals is effected by clear

page_text: spaces between the line drawn by the pen. The helices of the induction
coil in the receiving station are so connected with the recording pen and
instrument, that its current will act in conjunction with and increase the
force of the currents of the main line. With the receiving induction
coil is combined an armature which opens and closes a local battery in
the receiving station connected to an induction coil and to a line wire
extending to another station.
Thirdly. In the combination of two local batteries, one in the trans-
mitting and the other in the receiving station of a telegraph line with
the line battery, and with one pair of electro-magnets and an induction
coil in the transmitting station, and two pairs of electro-magnets, and
one or more induction coils in the receiving station in such a manner,
that whenever a dispatch is transmitted to the receiving station over the
main line, electric pulsations are induced in the induction coil or coils of
the receiving station, and by these means the dispatch received will be
transmitted over an additional line wire without the aid of an operator.
Fourth. In the combination of an induction coil with a needle
telegraph or other signal instrument capable of being operated by a
main line circuit of an induction coil, the primary helix of which is
charged by a local battery, while its secondary helix connects with a
relay in such a manner, that whenever a signal is sent over the main
line, the relay magnet in the receiving station is charged by an induced
current from the induction coil, and thereby clean and distinct marks
are obtained for each signal sent over the main line, however feeble and
rapid the electric waves producing such signals may be. The needle of
the needle telegraph is secured to a wire suspended between two coils,
the lower end of the needle supporting wire being in contact with
mercury or other conducting liquid in a vessel, which is in metallio
contact with one end of the secondary helix of the induction coil, while
the opposite end of said secondary helix is in metallic contact with a
metal fork extending close to the point of the needle in such a manner,
that whenever the needle, by the action of a signal transmitted over the
main line, is brought in contact with said fork, the circuit of the induced
current through the relay magnet is closed, and a correct action of the
receiving instrument is effected.
The first part of the Invention is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the

page_text: In these Figures the letter A designates a metallic plate from which
rises a metallic spindle B on which is firmly mounted a disc C, which is
made of hard rubber, glass, or other non-conductor of electricity, and in
the surface of which are arranged a series of metallic segments a leaving
said surface smooth and even.
On the spindle B is fitted a tubular arbor D from which extends an
arm 6 that carries one or more brushes or keys E. A belt running over
a pulley c serves to impart to this arbor a rapid revolving motion.
On the side of the metal plate A, but insulated from the same, are
placed a series of induction coils F constructed according to Rhum
Korff, or in any other desirable manner suitable for this purpose.
One end of the inner inducing helix of each of these coils connects
with one of the metallic segments a, while the other ends of the
inducing helices of all the coils are connected to each other, and by
means of wire 10 to one of the poles of a galvanic battery.
other pole of this battery connects by a wire 11 with the metal
plate A.
The
The inner ends of the fine or induction helices of the several coils are
connected to each other and to a wire 12, while the outer ends of said
induction helices are connected to a wire 13. These wires may either be
connected in the proper manner to a magneto-electric machine, or any
other apparatus to be acted upon by an electric current, or one of them
may be grounded and the other connected to the line wire of a
telegraph or for a short distance both wires may be carried over the line.
By imparting to the arbor D a rapid revolving motion, the brushes E
are caused to sweep over the surface of the disc C, and whenever one of
the brushes comes in contact with one of the metallic segments a, tho
circuit through the corresponding inducing helix is closed; and as the
electric current passes through this helix another current is induced in
the induction helix of the same coil. This action is almost instantaneous,
and it ceases as soon as the brush has passed the appropriate metallic
segment, but immediately a similar current is induced in the next coil,
and so on, so that a constant current of electricity flows over the
wires 12 and 13.
: By this arrangement an induced current of great strength can be

page_text: time to discharge before it is again thrown in the circuit, and the
reducing effect of the returning current is avoided, as each coil is
disconnected before any secondary action can take place.
If desired the induction coils F may be so connected with the disk O
that two or more of them are thrown into the circuit simultaneously,
and a constant current of high tension may be produced.
It must be remarked that the brushes or keys might be so arranged
that a reciprocating motion could be imparted to them, and in this case
the form of the disc would be changed accordingly. The keys or
brushes might also remain stationary, and in this case a suitable motion
would have to be imparted to the disc, plate, or cylinder carrying the
segments a.
The second part of the Invention is illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, 5, of the
Drawings, in which Fig. 3 represents a plan or top view of the
apparatus; Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrams showing different ways of
applying the apparatus in a telegraph line.
1. 1
In these Figures the letter A designates a battery which throws a
continuous current on the line wire, one pole of said battery being
connected by the wire 10, with an induction coil B at one terminus
of the line, while the other pole of said battery connects by a wire 11
with an induction coil C at the other terminus of the line (see Figs. 4
and 5). The wire 10 connects with one end of the secondary helix of
the coil B, the other end of said secondary helix being connected by a
wire 12 with the ground. The wire 11 connects with one end of the
primary helix of the coil C, the other end of which connects by a
wire 13 with the pen a of a chemical writing instrument, and through
this pen and the support 6 of the chemically prepared paper c with the
ground. By this connection the line battery current passes constantly.
through the paper, and if the paper is moved along beneath the pen, a
continuous line is produced on it.
1
+
The ends of the primary helix of the coil B connect with a local
battery D, a key d being inserted into this connection for the purpose of
giving signals. When the key is depressed and the circuit through the
primary helix of the coil B is closed, a current is induced in the
secondary helix of the coil B, and the connection is so made that this
induced current is of the same potential as that of the line battery

page_text: opened, and in this case the pen of the writing instrument will only
mark the signals in the usual manner.
With suitable changes the apparatus can also be used for other
telegraph instruments besides a chemical writer.
The third part of the Invention is illustrated in Fig. 6 of the accom-
panying Drawings, which Figure represents a plan or top view showing
the various circuits in the telegraph.
In this Figure the letter A designates a pair of electro-magnets which
are situated in the transmitting station of a telegraph line. One end
of the helix of this electro-magnet connects by a wire 10 with the
primairy helix of an induction coil G, while the other end of the helix
of the electro-magnet connects by a wire 11 with a metallic plate or
drum H, over which passes a perforated strip I of paper or other suitable
material, the perforations in said strip corresponding to the dispatch to
be transmitted. On this strip bears a metallic pen or stilus p which
connects by a wire 12 with one pole of a local battery F. The other
pole of this battery connects by a wire 13 with the primary helix of the
induction coil G.
The armature 6 of the electro-magnet A connects by a wire 14 with
the ground, and it plays between the screws a and c. The screw a is
connected by a wire 15 with one pole of the line battery B, the opposite
pole of which connects by a wire 16 with the line wire 17, and also
by a wire 18 with one end of the secondary helix of the induction
coil G, the opposite end of which connects by a wire 19 with the
scrow c.
The line wire 17 connects with one end of the helix of an electro-
magnet C in the receiving station, and the other end of this helix
connects by a wire 20 with one end of the helix of an electro-magnet C',
the poles of which are placed opposite to the poles of the electro-
magnet C. The opposite end of the helix of the electro-magnet O'
connects by a wire 21 with one end of the secondary helix of an
induction coil L, the opposite end of which connects by wires 22 and 23
with one end of the secondary helix of an induction coil M, the opposite
end of which connects by a wire 24 with a line wire N.
The wires 22 and 23 connect by a wire 25' with the ground. Between
the poles of the electro-magnets C, C', is situated an armature D, which

page_text: oscillates between two screws f, 7. This armature connects by a wire 25
with one end of the primary helix of the induction coil L, the other end
of which connects by a wire 26 with one end of the primary helix of
the induction coil M, the other end of which connects by a wire 27 with
one pole of a battery E. The other pole of this battery connects by a
wire 28 with the screw f.
When the pen p is on the solid part of the strip I the armature 6 is in
contact with the screw a, the line battery B is on the ground, by wire 14,
and its current passes over line wire 17 through electro-magnets C, Ơ¹,
and secondary helices of the induction coils L, M, to the ground
wire 25, so that the line battery circuit is closed. By this circuit the
armature D is brought in contact with screw g, and the circuit of the
local battery E in the receiving station is open.
When the pen p drops into a space in the strip I the circuit through
the local battery F in the transmitting station is closed through wire 12,
wire 13, primary helix of induction coil G, wire 10, electro-magnet A,
wire 11, and drum H. The armature 6 is attracted and brought in
contact with screws c, a current is induced in the secondary helix of the
induction coil G, which is on the ground, by wires 14 and 25', and the
potential of which is reverse to that of the line battery current B. The
armature D is thrown in contact with screw f, the circuit of the local
battery E is closed through the primary helices of the induction
coils L, M, and a current is induced in the secondary helices of these
coils, which passes over the line N.
When the pen p is on a long space in the strip I the armature D
vibrates, and a number of electric waves are induced by the action of
the local battery E and the induction coils L, M. These electric waves
pass over the line wire N in rapid succession, producing practically the
effect of a continuous current.
When the pen reaches the solid part of the strip I the current of the
battery B is thrown on the line wire 17, and the armature D is held
steady out of contact with the screw f, and consequently no current
passes over the line N.
The fourth part of the Invention is illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 of
these Drawings, in which Fig. 7 represents a plan or top view; Fig. 8 is
a transverse section in the plane x-x. Fig. 1.

page_text: The apparatus represented in these Figures is contained in the
receiving station of a telegraph line, and in this Drawing the letter A
designates a needle telegraph, which in the example shown in the
Drawing consists of two coils B, B, the helices of which are connected
together, so that the same practically form one continuous wire, one end
of which connects by a wire 10 with the line wire or cable, while its
other end connects by a wire 11 with the ground. Between the coils B, B,
is situated the needle a, which is mounted on a wire b fastened to a
bracket csecured to one of the coils B. The lower free end of the
needle-supporting wire extends into a tubular cup or vessel C, which is
made of metal and filled with mercury or other liquid conducting
medium. Between the coils B, B, is secured a metallic fork D, which
straddles the needle a, so that when an oscillating motion is imparted to
said needle its point is thrown in contact with one of the branches of
said fork. The cup C connects by a wire 12 with one end of the helix
of a relay magnet E, the other end of which connects by a wire 13 with
one end of the secondary helix of an induction coil F. The opposite
end of this helix connects by a wire 14 with the fork D.
The relay magnet E may be of any desired construction, and when
the same is charged it serves to close the circuit of a local battery
through a telegraph instrument in receiving station.
These parts
are of any suitable construction, and form no part of the present
Invention.
The primary helix of the induction coil F connects at one end by a
wire 15 with a screw d, and at its opposite end by a wire 16 with one
pole of a local battery G. The other pole of this battery connects by a
wire 17 with one end of the helix of an electro-magnet. H, and the other
end of this helix connects by a wire 18 with a standard I, which supports
the armature J. of the electro-magnet H; this armature extends through
) between the screw d and another screw e, and if left to follow its
adherent elasticity it bears against the screw d. By these means the
circuit of the battery G is closed through the electro-magnet H, and a
vibrating motion is imparted to said armature, whereby an induced
current is produced in the secondary helix of the induction coil F.
.
Whenever a signal is sent over the main line wire 10, the needle
comes in metallic contact with the fork D, and the circuit of. the induced
current-produced in the induction coil F. is closed through the relay.