IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BRICKS, RETORTS, AND CRUCIBLES, LININGS FOR FURNACES. CHIPOLAS, AND VESSELS IN WHICH GREAT HEAT IS EMPLOYED.”
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Williams, of Rose Villa, Croft Street,
Roath, near Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Brick Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF MATERIALS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BRICKS, RETORTS, AND CRUCIBLES, LININGS
FOR FURNACES. CHIPOLAS, AND VESSELS IN WHICH GREAT HEAT IS EMPLOYED.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th December 1872.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of Rose Villa, Croft Street, Roath, near
Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Brick Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED COMBINATIONS
OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BRICKS, RETORTS, AND CRUCIBLES,
LININGS FOR FURNACES, CUPOLAS, AND VESSELS IN WHICH GREAT HEAT IS
EMPLOYED," to be as follows :-
-
This Invention relates to the combination of broken siliceous pipe-
clay and Belgian silver sand in suitable proportions for the manufacture

page_text: of fire-bricks, retorts, and crucibles, and for the linings for furnaces
cupolas, and vessels generally in which great heat is employed.
The proportions of the ingredients or materials will vary according
to circumstances, such as are necessitated by different classes of metals or
the special purpose for which the material is intended. For manu-
facturing fire-bricks, retorts, and crucibles, I find by experiment that
a combination of one-third broken siliceous pipeclay, and two-thirds
Belgian silver sand is the proper admixture, but I reserve the right to
vary these proportions for such goods.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WILLIAMS, of Rose Villa, Croft Street, Roath, near Cardiff, in the
*County of Glamorgan, Brick Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Thomas Williams, Her special licence :
that I, the said Thomas Williams, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Williams, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED COM-
BINATIONS OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BRICKS, RETORTS,
AND CRUCIBLES, LININGS FOR FURNACES, CUPOLAS, AND VESSELS IN WHICH GREAT
HEAT IS EMPLOYED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the a
said Thomas Williams, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
L
.

page_text: .
"
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Offiec within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Williams, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the combination of broken siliceous pipe-
clay and Belgian silver sand in suitable proportions for the manufacture
of fire-bricks, retorts, and crucibles, and for the linings (fettling)
for furnaces, cupolas, and vessels generally in which great heat is
employed.
The proportions of the ingredients or materials vary according to
circumstances, such as are necessited by different classes of metals
or the special purpose for which the material is intended. For manu-
facturing fire-bricks, retorts, and crucibles, I find by practice that a
.combination of one-third broken siliceous pipeclay and two-thirds
Belgian silver sand is the proper admixture, but I reserve the right to
vary these proportions for such goods.
The compound when mixed with water or other liquid can be
compressed under hydraulic or other pressure to bring it to the required
shapes and sizes, or it can be compressed when in a dry state and be
then laid in position with or without a binding cement of the same
compound in a wet state; it can also be coated with a wet compound of
the same materials to present an even surface to the action of the fire
or of metal, particularly if used as a lining or fettling for puddling,
glass, reverberatory, Bessemer's, or Siemens' vessels or furnaces in which
intense heat is employed.
For the beds of forges and as a lining for crucibles and melting pots
generally I prefer to apply the compound in a wet state, using such
proportions of the materials as are suited to the heat employed. It is
not however necessary in all cases to line or fettle crucibles or pots with
the compound, as the compound in a wet state can be compressed to the
required shape to form distinct and separate articles, which may or may
not be washed over on the inside with a wash of plumbago or some
chemical body to act upon or to neutralize the change which would
otherwise take place in the metals or other bodies under treatment.

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the
manufacture of solid refractory bodies from a compound or admixture of
broken siliceous pipeclay and Belgian silver sand as and for the
purposes described.
Secondly. The manufacture of hollow refractory bodies from an
admixture of broken siliceous pipeclay and Belgian silver sand as and
for the purposes described.
And Thirdly. I claim the formation of cements or plasters suitable for
lining cupolas, forges, and vessels from a combination of broken
siliceous pipeclay and Belgian silver sand, as and for the purposes
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Williams, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-three.