IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING OR BALING COTTON AND OTHER DUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Cardwell, of the City of London, Merchant,
and David Campbell, of Derby Buildings, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PRESSING OR BALING COTTON AND OTHER DUBSTANCES
Sealed the 19th September 1861, and dated the 23rd March 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Cardwell and
David Campbell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd March 1861.
We, THOMAS CARDWELL, of the City of London, Merchant, and DAVID
CAMPBELL, of Derby Buildings, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Con-
sulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING OR BALING COTTON
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements apply principally to that arrangement of machinery for
pressing or baling cotton for which Letters Patent were granted to the above-
named Thomas Cardwell, dated the Fifteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two, and numbered 9,556,
and consist, firstly, in a simplified arrangement and combination of the parts
for actuating the quadrant, and conveying its motion to the jointed pressing
levers connected with the follower or ram of the press, namely, in placing
the two cams for actuating the levers which give motion to the quadrants
upon the axis of the said quadrants, each cam being attached to a spur

page_text: wheel, and each wheel gearing with a pinion on the driving shaft upon which
the driving pulleys are placed. The levers upon which the cams act have
their fulcrums upon the axis or fulcrum of the upper pressing lever. To
the cam levers one end of the pawl rods are jointed, the other ends being
jointed with radius rods centred on the axis of the quadrants; the pawls
are placed at the junction where the two last-named rods are jointed
together.
Our improvements relate, secondly, to an improved arrangement of the
doors which are withdrawn or opened to facilitate the removal of the bale,
and consist in hinging the end doors to the releasing bed, and also in
actuating these doors by means of incline planes on the posts of the press,
and this part of our Invention further consists in shaping the side doors
so as to compensate for increase in the breadth of the top side of the bale
in the act of pressing, and thus improve the form of the bale and diminish
its measurement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Cardwell and David Campbell in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
CARDWELL, of the City of London, Merchant, and DAVID CAMPBELL, of Derby
Buildings, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Cardwell and David Campbell, Her special licence that we,
the said Thomas Cardwell, and David Campbell, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we,. the said Thomas Cardwell
and David Campbell; our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING OR BALING COTTON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Cardwell

page_text: and David Campbell, by an instrument in writing under our, hands and seals,
(or under the hand and seal of one of us,) should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Cardwell and David
Campbell, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described. and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (and accompanying Drawings (that is
to say):
Our improvements apply principally to that arrangement of machinery for
pressing or baling cotton for which Letters Patent were granted to the above-
named Thomas Cardwell, dated the Fifteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two, and numbered 9,556,
and consists, firstly, in a simplified arrangement and combination of the
parts for actuating the quadrant by which motion is imparted to the jointed
pressing levers connected with the follower or ram of the press, namely,
in placing the two.cams for actuating the levers which give motion to
the quadrants upon the axis of the said quadrant, each cam being attached
to a spur wheel, geering with a pinion on the driving shaft, upon which
the driving pulleys are placed. The levers upon which the cams act have
their fulcrums upon the axis or fulcrums of the upper pressing lever. To
the cam levers one end of the pawl rods are jointed, the other ends. being
jointed with radius rods' centred on the quadrant axis. The pawls are
placed at the junction where the two last-named rods are jointed together.
Our improvements relate, secondly, to an improved arrangement of the doors,
which are withdrawn or opened to facilitate the removal of the bale, and consist
in hinging the end doors to the releasing bed, and also in actuating these
doors by means of incline planes on the posts of the press, and this part of
our Invention further consists in shaping the side doors so as to compensate
for increase in the breadth of the top side of the bale in the act of pressing,
and thus improve the form of the bale and diminish its measurement.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, some parts being shown in section; Fig. 2; a
back elevation, the lower part being in section; Fig. 3,. a plan; and Fig. 4,
a section of the lower part of the press (corresponding to that shewn by Fig. 2),
in which the releasing bed is exhibited at its lowest position. These views
show so much of a baling press for cotton and other substances as will be
necessary for explaining the manner of carrying our improvements into effect.

page_text: A represents the framing and supporting columns. a, the axis or fulcrum
of the upper pressing lever 6; 61, the lower pressing lever; c, the quadrant
shaft or axis; c', the quadrants; d, the rod connecting the quadrants (c') and
the pressing levers (6 and 6¹.) The manner in which the first part of our
improvements is carried into effect will be understood from the following
description. The driving pulleys e are placed on the end of the first motion
or pinion shaft e', and pinions on this shaft geer with the wheels f free
on each end of the axis c; to each wheel (f) a cam 9 is secured, each cam
acting upon an antifriction bowl h carried in suitable bearings on the end
The cam
of the cam levers h, which have their fulcrums on the axis a.
levers are extended forward and carry counterbalance weights. h. The
claw drivers or pawl rods i are jointed to the cam levers, and to radial rods j
centred on the quadrant axis c; the pawl or claw (2) is placed at the junction
between the rods i and j, being centred on the joint pin. This pawl 2¹ is
made double, so that when one side becomes worn it may be reversed. The
manner in which the second part of our improvements is carried into effect
is shewn by Figs. 2 and 4. The end doors k are jointed at k¹ to the releasing
bed ; thus the doors rise and fall with the bed, and when up the inclines
on the posts A¹ keep the doors closed and in their proper vertical position
as shewn in Fig. 2, but when down, as shewn in Fig. 4, the doors fall lack
and release the ends of the bale. The manner of carrying into effect the
third part of our improvements will be explained by reference to Figs. 1, 2,
and 4. In the ordinary press hitherto used the cavity for the pressed bale having
perfectly parallel sides, the upper part of the bale (when the pressure is
removed) expands more than the lower part, and thus one side of the bale is
broader than the other and the measurement is increased, and a certain portion
of the space is lost; further, the measurement is taken at the highest part
of the ropes, and in bales packed in ordinary presses there are spaces between
the ropes unoccupied by material; the object of this part of our Invention
is to so form the cavity of the press for the bale that nearly if not all the
space measured will be filled with material, and thus either a greater quantity
of material will be packed within the same dimensions than can be done in
ordinary presses, or more space will be given for the material, which will
thus be less liable to receive injury by pressure. The bale is made parallel
by making the lower part of the cavity for the bale when pressed wider than
the upper part so that when released it will expand and become parallel; the
cavities between the ropes are filled by facing or forming the moveable sides
or doors (n) alternately with a cavity l and ridge m, the ridge being in the place
where the rope will have to come, and the top of the ridge is just " flush" or

page_text: in a line with the inside of the press, so that when the cotton or other material
is forced down by the ram it will not catch upon or come against the ends
of the ridges (m), but will expand when opposite the ridges, and fill the
cavities (1) between them. In fact, the sides of this cavity into which the
material is pressed are so shaped as to mould the material ready for the rope
or ropes into such shape as when released from the pressure it will (as it
must necessarily expand to some extent) assume the shape in which it will
measure the least quantity for freight. When the rope for securing the bale
is all in one piece the grooves in the releasing bed for the rope are made
diagonal so that the rope at the sides and top of the bale (as it is in the press)
is in the same plane, and therefore the ridges on the side doors for forming
the cavities for the rope are vertical, and are thus free from lateral pressure
to which they would be subjected if at an inclination to the line in which the
ram moves in forcing the material into the cavity for the bale.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention,―
Firstly, the combination and arrangement of the mechanism herein-before
described for actuating the quadrant or quadrants, by which motion is im-
parted to the pressing levers of presses for pressing or baling cotton and
other substances.
Secondly, the arrangement and mode of actuating the end doors of presses
for pressing or baling cotton and other substances, as herein-before described.
Thirdly, the arrangement or mode of forming the cavity of presses for
pressing or baling cotton or other substances so as to mould the substance
into such shape as when released from pressure the bale will assume a shape
giving the least dimensions for measurement for freight, substantially as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Campbell, on my behalf and on
behalf of the said Thomas Cardwell, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
DAVID CAMPBELL. (L.S.)