PROCEEDING OF CLEANING FAT OILS AND FATS
Year: 1882

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia
and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor for an Invention of
PROCEEDING OF CLEANING FAT OILS AND FATS" Communicated to him
by H Heinrich Schlinck a resident of Ludwigshaven a/Rhein in the
Bavarian Rheinpfalz and Empire of Germany
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1882.
"
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany Engineer and Patent Solicitor PROCEEDING OF CLEANING FAT OILS
AND FATS [Communicated to him by H Heinrich Schlinck a resident of
Ludwigshaven a/Rhein in the Bavarian Rheinpfalz and Empire of Germany]
"
"
This invention relates to the purification of fatty oils and fats in order to render
them suitable for consumption.
Fatty oils and fats that are not suitable for consumption may be divided firstly
into oils and fats that have an unpleasant flavor and smell on account of the
volatile oils contained therein, and secondly into oils and fats that are originally
palatable but have assumed an unpleasant flavor and smell through oxidation
either on account of being kept too long, or on account of faulty treatment in
their preparation. As oils of the first class may be considered rapeseed oil and
palm oil, and as those of the second class, common olive oil and cocoanut oil.
For purifying the first named class of oils and fats according to this invention,
they are first treated with sulphuric acid in the known manner, taking about 0.25
to 0.50 per cent of sulphuric acid to the quantity of oil or fat, mixing them carefully
washing and allowing the mixture to subside. Instead of using sulphuric acid
other oxidising substances may be used such as chromic acid, permanganic acid and
the like, using up to 50 per cent thereof to the quantity of oil or fat.
The purification proposed by Wagner with chloride of zinc may also be employed
with success.
In the last two cases however it is advisable not to wash the oil
with water after treatment, but to treat the acid oil with some caustic lye after
[P]

page_text: the chemical substances have been allowed to subside and are removed from
the oil..
The oil so prepared after having become perfectly clear (for which purpose it
may also be filtered) is heated in shallow vessels of iron or other suitable material
to a temperature of from 230° to 347° Fahr., and is treated therein with steam
of similar temperature. The degree of heat employed depends upon the boiling
point of the volatile oils contained in the oils and fats, which for example with
rape seed oil is 338° Fahr. and with cottonseed oil 248, with palm oil 275°. The
action of heat and steam has to be continued until the escaping steam has no more
odour of the volatile oils. After this has been effected the oils and fats on being
allowed to cool somewhat, will have an unpleasant dripping-like flavor; they are
then filtered through filters of animal charcoal of small sectional area with com-
paratively great height. The said flavor as also any remaining smell will vanish
entirely, "being absorbed by the charcoal, and the issuing oil or fat will have a
pleasant flavor and no odour and is as durable as other oils and fats that use used
for consumption.
The second above mentioned class of oils and fats are first washed with alcohol
of at least 96° Tralles, by preference in iron vessels, the washing being repeated if
necessary. The most suitable temperature for this operation is about 113° Fahr.
The alcohol and oil are then allowed to separate by subsidence in suitable vessels,
the alcohol retained by the oil being afterwards separated by distillation
and if necessary by treatment with steam for driving off the last traces. The
alcohol and volatile oils contained in the fat acids, which form a valuable bye
product are also separated from these by distillation.
The air admitted into the apparatus and stills for allowing the discharge of the
liquids therefrom must be previously dried..
If after the above described washing with alcohol the oils and fats still have an
objectionable taste or odour resulting from the volatile oils which are not removed
by the alcohol or only partially so, the first above described process is applied
thereto before the oil is passed through the charcoal filter.
In most cases this is not necessary and the oil or fat treated with alcohol can be
at once passed through filters of animal charcoal, from which it issues in a palatable
and colorless condition.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Friedrich Carl Glaser in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th April 1883.
•
21
i
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor PROCEEDING OF CLEANING FAT OILS
AND FATS A communication to me by H Heinrich Schlinck a resident of
Ludwigshaven a/Rn (Grand Dukedom of Baden) German Empire
"
This invention relates to the purification of fatty oils and fats, in order to render
them suitable for consumption.
Fatty oils and fats that are not suitable for consumption may be divided firstly
into oils and fats that have an unpleasant flavor and smell on account of the
volatile oils contained therein, and secondly, into oils and fats that are originally
palatable but have assumed an unpleasant flavor and smell through oxidation,
either on account of being kept too long or on account of faulty treatment in their
preparation. As oils of the first class may be considered rapeseed oil and palm-oil,
and as those of the second class, common olive oil and cocoa-nut oil.
For purifying the first named class of oils and fats, according to this invention,
they are first treated with sulphuric acid in the known manner taking about 0.25
to 0.50 per cent of sulphuric acid to the quantity of oil or fat, mixing them
carefully, washing and allowing the mixture to subside. Instead of using sulphuric
acid, other oxidising substances may be used, such as chromic acid, permanganic
acid and the like, using up to 50 per cent thereof to the quantity of oil or fat.
The purification proposed by Wagner with chloride of zinc may also be employed
with success. In the last two cases, however, it is advisable not to wash the oil
with water after treatment, but to treat the acid oil with some caustic lye after
the chemical substances have been allowed to subside, and are removed from
the oil.
The oil so prepared, after having become perfectly clear, (for which purpose it
may also be filtered) is heated in shallow vessels of iron or other suitable material
to a temperature of from 230° to 347° Fahr., and is treated therein with steam of
similar temperature. The degree of heat employed depends upon the boiling point
of the volatile oils contained in the oils and fats, which, for example, with rape-seed
oil is 338° Fabr, and with cotton-seed oil 243°, with palm oil 275°. The action of
heat and steam has to be continued until the escaping steam has no more odour of
the volatile oils. After this has been effected, the oils and fats, on being allowed
to cool somewhat, will have an unpleasant dripping like flavor; they are then
filtered through filters of animal charcoal of small sectional area with comparatively
great height. The said flavor, as also any remaining smell will vanish entirely,
being absorbed by the charcoal, and the issuing oil or fat will have a pleasant
flavor and no odour and is as durable as other oils and fats that are used for
consumption.
The second above mentioned class of oils and fats are first washed in alcohol
of at least 96° Tralles, by preference in iron vessels, the washing being repeated
if necessary. The most suitable temperature for this operation is 113° Fahr.
The alcohol and oil are then allowed to separate by subsidence in suitable vessels,
the alcohol retained by the oil being afterwards separated by distillation, and, if
necessary, by treatment with steam for driving off the last traces. The alcohol
and volatile oils contained in the fat acids, which form a valuable bye product, are
also separated from these by distillation. The air admitted into the apparatus and
stills for allowing the discharge of the liquids therefrom must be previously dried.

page_text: If, after the above described washing with alcohol, the oils and fats still have an
objectionable taste or odour, resulting from the volatile oils which are not removed
by the alcohol, or only partially so, the first above described process is applied
thereto.before the oil is passed through the charcoal filters.
In most cases, this is not necessary, and the oil or fat treated with alcohol can be
at once passed through filters of animal charcoal, from which it issues in a palatable
and colorless condition.
1.
Having thus described the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, as communicated by my correspondent, I claim,
First: Purifying fat oils and fats from unpleasant flavor and smell by the
Consecutive treatment of the same with sulphuric acid, or chloride of zinc or other
oxidising substances, with steam, and with animal charcoal, substantially as
described.
Second Purifying fat oils and fats from unpleasant flavor and smell by the
consecutive treatment thereof with alcohol and with animal charcoal, substantially
as described.
-
In Witness whereof, I the said Friedrich Carl Glaser have hereunto set my
hand and seal this tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty-three