Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 3rd Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 4th Feb., 1887.
I WALTER ALFRED BARLOW of 6 St. Pauls Churchyard in the City of London
Patent Agent and Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
This invention relates to improvements in lamps and lanterns for lighting streets,
railway carriages, shops or other rooms, in which lamps or lanterns a carburetting
apparatus is employed for enriching coal gas by means of naphtaline or other solid
hydrocarbons. The vessel containing the hydrocarbon is heated by the flame of the
gas burner and in consequence, vapours are generated from the hydrocarbon, which
vapours mix with the coal gas passed through the vessel aforesaid to enrich the light.
of the flame. This method of improving the light of coal gas is not new and does
not form part of the invention. The invention is the following. By heating the
vessel containing the hydrocarbon and by burning the lamp, the air inside the glass-
ball or glass-globe of the lantern, (which latter must if used for streets or railway
carriages be closed as far as possible to protect the flame against draft of air, or wind,)
gets warmer and warmer, in consequence of which there would soon be developed more
hydrocarbon vapours than desirable for the action of the lamp. If too much hydro-
carbon is led to the burner, the flame will smoke. To prevent this, a regulator is
required that automatically cools the hydrocarbon apparatus when too warm and this is
done in the present case by a device through which fresh and cold air is led into the
lamp if the temperature of air inside the lamp exceeds its normal height. The cold or
new air enters the lamp through a pipe, or through pipes terminating underneath, or at
the sides of the vessel containing the hydrocarbon. The mouth of each of these tubes
is closed by a flap or valve, or a slide may be applied for shutting the air passage of the
tube or tubes inside the apparatus.

page_text: If the heat of the air in the lantern rises above its normal temperature, these shutters,
flaps or valves begin to open and allow fresh air to enter the lamp or lantern and so
cool the hydrocarbon vessel.
The opening and closing of the shutting device is produced automatically by the
expanding and contracting action of a liquid enclosed in a vessel, or reservoir, placed
inside the lamp. When the temperature of air in the lamp rises, this vessel or
reservoir will be warmed accordingly and the enclosed liquid expands, while the latter
will contract again, as soon as the temperature of air falls and consequently cools the
vessel or reservoir. By a diaphragm or a flexible cover applied to the vessel containing
the liquid, this diaphragm or cover will expand and contract, with the expansion and
contraction of the liquid that fills the vessel and these movements of the diaphragm or
flexible cover may, by means of a lever, or other means of transmission, be transported
to the flap or other closing device of the air tube or air tubes, thus opening or closing
the passage of samo as required for the regulation of the temperature inside the lamp
or lantern.
WALTER A. BARLOW,
6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, E.C.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps and Lanterns for Burning
Carburetted Coal Gas.
I, WALTER ALFRED BARLOW of 6 St. Pauls Churchyard in the City of London,
Patent Agent and Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
-
This Invention relates to improvements in lamps and lanterns for lighting streets,
railway carriages, shops, or other rooms; in which lamps or lanterns a carburetting
apparatus is employed for enriching coal-gas by means of Naphthaline or other solid
hydrocarbons.
The vessel containing the hydrocarbon is heated by the flame of the gas burner and
in consequence, vapours are generated from the hydrocarbon, which vapours mix with
the coal gas passed through the vessel aforesaid to enrich the light of the flame. This
method of improving the light of coal gas is not new and does not form part of the
invention.
The invention is the following: By heating the vessel containing the hydrocarbon
and by burning the lamp, the air inside the glass globe of the lantern, (which latter
must, if used for streets or railway carriages be closed as far as possible to protect the
flame against drafts of air or wind) gets warmer and warmer, in consequence of
which there would soon be developed more hydrocarbon vapours than desirable for the

page_text: action of the lamp. If too much hydrocarbon is led to the burner, the flame will
smoke. To prevent this, a regulator is required that automatically cools the hydro-
carbon apparatus when too warm and this is done in the present case by a device
through which fresh and cold air is led into the lamp if the temperature of air inside
the lamp exceeds its normal degree. The cold or fresh air enters the lamp through a
pipe, or through pipes terminating underneath, or at the sides of the vessel containing
the hydrocarbon.
The mouth of each of these tubes is closed by a flap or valve, or a slide may be
applied for shutting the air passage of the tube or tubes inside the apparatus. If tho
heat of the air in the lantern rises above its normal temperature these shutters, flaps or
valves bogin to open and allow fresh air to enter the lamp or lantern and to cool the
hydrocarbon vessel.
The opening and closing of the shutting device is effected automatically by the
expanding and contracting action of a liquid enclosed in a vessel, or reservoir, placed
inside the lamp. When the temperature of air in the lamp rises, this vessel or reservoir
will be warmed accordingly and the enclosed liquid expands, while the latter will
contract again, as soon as the temperature of air falls and consequently cools the vessel
or reservoir. By a diaphragm or a flexible cover applied to the vessel containing the
liquid, this diaphragm or cover will expand and contract, with the expansion and con-
traction of the liquid that fills the vessel, and these movements of the diaphragm or
flexible cover may, by means of a lever, or other means of transmission, be transported
to the flap or other closing device of the air tube or air tubes, so opening or closing the
passage of same as required for the regulation of the temperature inside the lamp or
lantern.
The Invention is more fully illustrated by the accompanying three sheets of
drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows in section a lamp for streets or open places, and
Figs. 9 and 10, in section and plan, a lamp for railway cars. Figs. 2 to 8 show
different modifications of the regulating device detached from the lamp.
The lamp or lantern Fig. 1. consists of a glass globe A, intended to be mounted on
a candelabre or arm. This globe, closed at the bottom, carries the gas inlet pipe e and
another pipe for the entrance of atmospheric air. Tube 7, terminates underneath or
close to the carburetting vessel K. D is a cover kept to the glass globe by means of
three or more brackets m, and leaving a small free space o, between cover and globe
for entrance of fresh air to the flame. E, is a chimney for removing the foul gases,
while G is a flap, hinged to E, through which the lamp can be lit from the top.
The carburetting apparatus consists of a vessel K, communicating with gas pipe e,
and closed by cover l. This vessel is partly filled with naphthaline. p is the burner
attached to cover; the gas reaches the burner by passing through the pipe e, that
terminates in vessel K, above the level of the naphthaline.
When the lamp has been lit, the air in the globe A becomes heated and warms
vessel K, in consequence of which the naphthaline melts and its vapours enrich the gas
that flows to the burner.
To prevent too much naphthaline being mixed up with the gas, the vessel K must be
kept at a certain temperature. If the latter becomes too high within the globe A, a
flaps, on the top of tuber begins to open, and fresh cold air enters into and passes
through the globe.
The regulating of flap s, can be arranged in different ways, either by hand from out-
side of the lamp or by an automatic device such as that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in
which case flap
is attached to a double armed tubular levert, t¹, that carries at each
end a vessel or '.
The openings of tube t, t, reach nearly to the bottom of vessels and a. Both
vessels are partly filled with a liquid and vessel a becomes a small overweight over a²,
to keep the flap closed generally. When the temperature in A rises and as a is closed
while is in communication with the outer air by an opening d, the pressure of the
air enclosed in vessel, forces part of the contained liquid over into vessel ., in
consequence of which flaps, is opened. As soon as the air in the lamp has regained
its normal temperature, vessels æ and a¹ have been cooled down and by contraction of

page_text: the air in, the enclosed liquid is by pressure of the outer air, returned into vessel
in consequence of which the flaps recloses.
The mechanism illustrated in Fig. 3 is operated in a similar way. In this case a
vacuum is produced is vessel », while a¹, contains a liquid that expands when heated.
As soon as the temperature rises, part of the liquid passes over into vessel, tube arm /
descends and opens flaps. As, by a stop z, arm is prevented from falling below a
horizontal position, the liquid returns into vessel a¹ as soon as it contracts again.
In the modification illustrated by Figs. 5 and 6, liquid is enclosed within an air
tight vessel y. One wall or side of the vessel is formed of a diaphragm furnished with
a pin, that acts on the bottom end of a double armed lever attached to flaps. By
expansion of the liquid, pin is forced outwards and opens flaps, while the latter
closes when the liquid contracts again.
In Figs. 7 and 8, flaps, is regulated by float u, that rises when the liquid expands,
enclosed in two cylinders I and II, communicating by a tube 111. When the liquid
cools again, a vacuum is formed in cylinder II, and liquid returns from I to II, in
consequence of which, float u descends.
The mode of regulating flaps, as will be understood from the foregoing, can be
varied in a great many ways.
Figs. 9 and 10, illustrate the invention as applied to a Railway-car lamp. Fig. 9, is
a cross section of the lamp and Fig. 10, a plan of the lamp with its cover opened..
A, is the glass globe; C, the naphthaline of the carburetting vessel; e the gas supply
pipe and e, communication tube between carburetting vessel and burner p.
The air for cooling the lamp, enters through openings, and tubes, as soon as
slides s, have been raised so far that openings i, of these slides come opposite the
openings and tubes r. The raising and lowering of slides s is effected by a flexible
top of the vessel y, containing a liquid and operating in a similar way as the
mechanism illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. h, is a set screw attached to the centre of
arms B, connecting the slides s and acted upon by pin w.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
In a gas-lamp or lantern, the combination of a glass globe A, a carburetting
apparatus and a regulating device for the temperature of the air in the globe, the latter
consisting of one or more tubes r, for the entrance of fresh cool air, each tube being
closed by a flap or slide that opens more or less by a regulator based on the expansion
action of a liquid, or of metals, as soon as the temperature within the lamp exceeds its
proper normal degree.
WALTER A. BARLOW,
6, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C.