CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING PAPER
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
MOLINEUX, of New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the City of London, Gentle-
man, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth.
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the third year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Francis Molineux, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Francis Molineux, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said Francis Molineux, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING
PAPER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said
Francis Molineux, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Francis Molineux, do hereby declare, the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents one of my arrangements of a pulp strainer in section,
and Figure 2 is a plan thereof, some of the upper parts being removed that
the construction may become more evident. This apparatus consists of a
series of rollers a, a, a, turning on conical ends, as shown in Figure 1, and
they are retained in their upright position by the adjusting screws b, one to
each roller, passing through a circular frame or ring c, which is affixed on the
upright posts or supports d, d. The rollers a, a, are shown to be set in a
circle (Figure 2), and they are brought as close together as is required,
depending on the fineness of the pulp desired. e is a toothed wheel on the per-
pendicular shaft f, which turns in a bearing or strap 9, affixed on the bar or
bridge h, which is placed across the trough i, i, in which the apparatus is
placed, and is affixed at the two sides thereof, as shewn in Figure 1. The
shaft turns also on a point or conical end in a bearing or bridge j, which is
affixed across the pipe k. 1 is a metallic ring at the bottom of the trough i,
in which conical holes are formed for receiving the ends of the rollers a, a.
At the upper parts of the rollers a, a, are affixed small toothed wheels or
pinions which are driven by the toothed wheel e, and consequently the services
of any two (which are next to each other) will travel in a different direction,
and thus one of the two will have a tendency to throw off any knot or matter
which is larger than is intended to pass, and by this means prevent the inter-
stice which is between the rollers becoming clogged. m, m, are agitators
attached to and revolve with the shaft f, and thus agitate the pulp which is on
the outside of the rollers a, a; and the pulp within the rollers a, and which has
filtered through them, is agitated by means of the agitators n, n, which are
attached to the under side of the wheel e.
Having described the arrangement which constitutes my first combination

page_text: of apparatus, I will describe the manner of its action. A constant supply of
pulp to be strained is permitted to flow into the trough i, so as to keep it to
the height shewn in Figure 1, that is, just above the top of the pipe k, by
which the pulp is conveyed from the apparatus ready for use. Motion is to
be given to the wheel e by a strap or band on the pulley or drum o, on the
shaft f. By this means the toothed wheel e will drive round the whole of
the rollers a, and by their surfaces travelling opposite ways to each other any
knobs or other matters too large to pass through between the rollers, and
which would tend to clog the interstices between them, will be constantly
thrown off by those parts of the rollers which are revolving outwards; and as
one side of each roller is always turning outwards, whilst the other side is
turning inwards, each roller will throw off the knobs (which may present
themselves) from one or other of the next rollers. It will be evident that,
although I have described the rollers a, a, as being placed in a circle, this
arrangement may be varied and yet obtain a similar result of each roller
clearing its neighbour of any knots or other matters which would tend to
clog the interstices between the rollers a, a; thus, for instance, by placing
them in a right line across a trough, and by means of a screw taking into the
pinions at the top of the rollers, a similar result, that is to say, the two
surfaces of any two rollers next to each other, would revolve in opposite
directions, as above described.
I will now describe my second arrangement or combination of apparatus.
Figure 3, a front view thereof; Figure 4, a plan; Figure 5, an end view; and
Figure 6, a transverse section of Figure 1. In each of these Figures the same
letters of reference indicate similar parts, A being a wooden trough lined with
copper, having an inner trough B affixed within it; C is another trough placed
within the trough B, as is clearly shown in the section, Figure 6. The sides
of this trough C is composed of a series of strips of metal, leaving small
nterstices between them from top to bottom, or, in place thereof, finely per-
orated metal; but neither of these form any part of my Invention through
which the pulp is to stained. The lower part of the trough C is intended to
eceive any knobs or other matters too large to pass through the interstices,
nd which may be removed when an accumulation has taken place. This
rough C is supported at each end by the plates D, which are affixed to the
ars E at each end of the trough A. These bars E are caused to slide back-
ards and forwards, carrying with them the trough C, as will be hereafter
escribed. F, F, are brackets which support the bars E; and there are fric-
on rollers at the top and bottom of the bars E, which friction rollers have
kes turning in the upper parts of the brackets F. By these means the bars

page_text: E are retained in their places, and can only slide backwards and forwards.
G is a shaft running from end to end of the trough A, turning in proper
bearings affixed to the trough A. On to this shaft G is affixed the driving
drum or pulley H, which receives motion from a strap or band proceeding
from a steam engine or otherwise; and on the shaft G are also affixed two
eccentrics I, I, one at each end, intended to drive the sliding bars E back-
wards and forwards; and for this purpose there are two projections J, J,
affixed to each of the under sides of the bars E, one on each side of the eccen-
trics I, I; consequently, when the shaft G revolves, the bars E will pass back-
wards and forwards, and with them the straining trough C, for the purpose
hereafter described. K is a shaft which is supported in bearings affixed to
the trough C, and consequently moves backwards and forwards with it. L, L,
are three uprights affixed to the trough A, having connecting rods attached
thereto, but capable of movement. These connecting rods are attached to
bell cranks M on the shaft K, the other ends of the cranks M having descend-
ing rods N attached thereto; and these rods N are attached to frames O which
slide up and down. It should be observed, that the parts last described are
all capable of movement at the points of attachment. There are three frames
0, one at each end and one in the middle, actuated by means of the three
bell cranks M, by the backward and forward motion communicated to the
trough G. On to the frames O are applied plungers P, which consist of strips
of metal or wood running from one frame 0 to the other, having axes at each
end at their inner edges, by which they can rise or fall, and in such manner
that as the frames O rise, the plungers P are horizontal, and their outer edges
remove any knots or other matters too large to pass through the interstices;
whilst on the descent of the frames O, the outer edges of the plungers P rise,
and permit the pulp to pass between them and the sides of the trough C; and
it should be observed, that there are to be stops placed on the frames O to
keep the plungers descending beyond the horizontal position at the time of
the frames ascending, and stops to prevent the same turning over in the
time the frames O are descending.
Having described the arrangement and combination of the various parts
A constant
composing my second improvement, I will describe its action.
supply of pulp is to be kept up to the trough C, and motion is to be com-
municated to the drum or pulley H, which will give motion to the shaft G
and the eccentrics I, by which the bars E and the trough C will be caused to
move backwards and forwards; and also by this means a constant up and
down motion will be communicated to the frames O, whereby the pulp will
be constantly straining into the trough B, and flow over its sides into the

page_text: trough A, and thence flow over by the spout in front of the trough A to the
paper machine, the trough B being intended to prevent agitation of the pulp
in the trough A. Now it will be evident that the backward and forward
motion given to the trough C will have a tendency to clear itself of any knobs
which would otherwise have a tendency to clog and stop the interstices formed
on the sides of the trough C, and the operation is aided by the upward and
downward motion communicated to the frames O and the plungers P; and by
the vacuity which is produced by the plungers, and the rush of pulp thereto, a
greater quantity of pulp will be strained, as above described.
My third arrangement consists in using a cylindrical or other formed
vessel, having the sides closely perforated with minute holes (not slits), such
vessel having within it a plunger similar to a piston, but having openings
through it for the passage of the pulp; and this perforated vessel being set in
an ordinary pulp vat, and a supply of pulp continually flowing into the per-
forated vessel, the same will be strained through the small perforated holes by
the action of the plunger, which, being connected to a rod worked up and
down by a crank or otherwise, thus will the pulp vat be constantly supplied
with strained pulp for use.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of com-
bining and using the same, I would have it understood that I lay no claim to
the various parts of which my apparatus are composed, they being separately
well known and in use. But what I claim is,-
First, the combining a series of rollers for the purpose of forming a pulp
strainer, the surfaces of such rollers moving in opposite directions to each
other, and thereby having a tendency to clear each other of knots or other
matters too large to pass through the interstices or spaces left between the
rollers, and which would otherwise clog and stop the operation of straining.
And, secondly, I claim an arrangement or combination of apparatus or
machinery forming a pulp strainer such as last described, whereby a trough,
similar to that described at C, is caused to move backwards and forwards
within another trough B, and having plungers P, as above described.
And, thirdly, I claim the application of small perforated holes in cylindrical
or other formed vessels, when such vessels have plungers as aforesaid, used for
straining pulp for making paper as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Molineux, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-three.
FRANCIS (L.B.) MOLINEUX.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid Francis Molineux came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.