Year: 1897

page_text: We, THOMAS MASSEY LYNCH, of 58, Rawson Road, Seaforth, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and HENRY WILSON & COMPANY LIMITED, Cornhill, Wapping,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Founders, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to roasters for roasting meat, poultry, game, and
the like, wherein the meat or other viand is roasted before a fire; and the chief
object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatus suitable for use
in all respects on board ship.
According to this invention, the roaster is generally in the form of a closed oven,
with front doors, by which, when open, the interior may wholly have access to it;
and, within the oven, there is at the back extending across the oven, the fireplace,
with bars in front, and in front of the fireplace, there are trees or spits, with hooks
or spikes, on which the meat or viands being cooked are carried. These trees or
spits are supported mainly from above, and are adapted to be rotated by suitable
clockwork motors; and their lower ends work in sockets or shoes carried on bars,
one of which is threaded. The motors are supported in guides or beams, and they
are adapted to be moved to and fro in their guides by screwed ends working through
nuts in them, and by the rotation of which from outside, the trees or spits can be
moved nearer to and further away from the fire; and by rotating the screwed rods
of the tree sockets below, these sockets and lower ends of the trees are moved closer
to and further from the fire. Thus by rotating these screws at the top and bottom,
the articles being rotated can be moved and adjusted in relation to the fire, as
desired.
The trees or spits are connected by a loose joint to the motors, so as to give
freedom or movement in the lower and upper ends; and the weight of the trees or
spits, and their contents, are borne in the motor by rollers, on which the spindle or
rotating part bears and revolves.
Above the fireplace or grate there will be a cowl or hood to receive the products
of combustion direct, and so that they will not pass into the oven; and above the
trees or motors, i.e. above the portion in which the meat or other thing is being
cooked, there is a ventilator, such as a butterfly valve, by which an opening of
greater or less extent is made in the roof, through which the vapours given off are
carried away, and the whole oven ventilated. The back and ends of the grate is
of firebrick or tiles; whilst below there is an ashpit tray for the receptacle of ashes,
etc., with suitable doors in front, for their removal.
Below the front portion of the oven, in which the meat or other thing is to be
cooked, there is a tray (which forms a roof also to, and separating it from the ash-
pit) in which the drippings or gravy passing from the meat in being cooked, are
caught and retained; and in some cases this may be pumped up by the motor;
or raised and discharged, over the meat, making an automatic baster. The whole

page_text: oven proper will practically consist at the outside, of side, back, and front plates,
and bottom plate, and roof.
In front of the grate bars at the bottom, a plate is carried along projecting out-
wards in the form of a gutter, to_catch ashes and cinders and prevent them falling
out into the dripping pan.
Improvements in Culinary Roasters.
We, THOMAS MASSEY LYNCH, of 58, Rawson Road, Seaforth, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and HENRY WILSON & COMPANY LIMITED. Cornhill, Wapping,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Founders, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:.
This invention has reference to roasters for roasting meat, poultry, game, and
the like, wherein the meat or other viand is roasted before a fire; and the chief
object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatus suitable for use, in
all respects, on board ship.
According to this invention, the roaster is generally in the form of a closed oven,
with front doors by which, when open, access may be had to the interior; and,
within the oven, there is a fire-place or fire-places, with bars in front, and in front
of the fire-place or fireplaces, there are trees or spits, with hooks or spikes, on which
the meat or viands, being cooked, are carried. These trees or spits are supported
from above, and are adapted to be rotated by a suitable clockwork or other motor;
and their lower ends are also supported, and work in sockets or shoes carried on
bars. The trees or spits are, in some cases, supported in guides or beams, and they
are adapted to be moved to and fro in their guides, by screwed rods working through
nuts in them, and by the rotation of which from outside, they can be moved nearer
to and further away from the fire; and by rotating the screwed rods of the tree
sockets below, these sockets and lower ends of the trees are moved closer to and
further from the fire. Thus by rotating these screws at the top and bottom, the
articles being rotated can be moved and adjusted in relation to the fire, as desired.
The trees or spits are, in some cases, connected by a loose joint to the motors,
so that to give freedom or movement in the lower and upper ends; and the weight
of the trees or spits, and their contents, are borne in the motor by rollers, on which
the spindle or rotating part bears and revolves.
Above the fire-place or grate there will be a cowl or hood to receive the products
of combustion direct, and so that they will not pass into the oven; and above the
trees or motors, i.e. above the portion in which the meat or other thing is being
cooked, there is a ventilator, such as a butterfly valve, by which an opening of
greater or less extent is made in the roof, through which the vapours given off are
carried away, and the whole oven ventilated. The back and ends of the grate
are of firebrick or tiles; whilst below there is an ashpit tray for the receptacle of
ashes, etc., with suitable doors in front, for their removal.
Below the front portion of the oven, in which the meat or other thing is to be
cooked, there is a tray (which forms a roof also to, and separating it from the
ashpit) in which the drippings of gravy passing from the meat in being cooked,
are caught and retained; and in some cases this may be pumped up by the motor;
or raised and discharged, over the meat, making an automatic baster. The whole

page_text: roaster, proper will practically consist at the outside, of side, back, and front plates,
and bottom plate, and roof.
In front of the grate bars at the bottom, a plate is carried along projecting out-
wards in the form of a gutter, to catch ashes and cinders and prevent them falling
out into the dripping pan.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate this invention, Figure 1 is a
front elevation, Figure 2 a sectional elevation, Figure 3 a transverse section, and
Figure 4 a plan in section, illustrating a roaster with improvements according to
my invention; and Figure 5 shows a modification in section.
Referring to the drawings, a generally designates the casing of the roaster or
apparatus, which, preferably, is of thin metal, such as iron or steel. a¹ is the roof
of the apparatus, enclosing the casing above, and a² the base plate on which the
whole apparatus is fitted and carried. The front portion of the casing
is provided with main doors b for gaining access to the interior of
the oven; upper doors c for gaining access to the motors; and doors d
at the bottom for gaining access to the ashpit. The fire-place in the roaster shown,
is disposed at the back of the apparatus, and comprises fire bars e forming the
bottom of the grate, bars e¹ at the front extending from side to side, of the apparatus,
and fire-brick back and side walls ; the whole of which is supported from below
by a cast iron frame e extending round the back front and ends, and secured to
the casing a in any suitable way. Below the grate bars e is an ashpit f, which
extends from the back of the apparatus to the front, where it is enclosed by the
doors b; and is enclosed from the interior roasting chamber o of the apparatus, by
a roof plate f which acts as a partition; while at the back, a plate f is provided
which guides the ashes &c., forwards towards the doors e. The partition f also
serves as a tray to catch the drippings from the things being roasted. Along the
front of the fire-grate, at the bottom, there is a plate g attached to e, by which
the fuel and ash that may fall through the bars el, is caught.
Directly above the fire-place, there are inclined plates h at the sides and front,
extending upwards towards a central point, and terminating in a chimney h¹. These
plates h, constitute a hood over the fire, and by it all the smoke and gases of com-
bustion given off from the fuel are carried away.
In the upper part of the roof a¹, there is a valve i, with a case 21 over it; and
actuating spindle with handle 23. This valve, when in the central position, as
shewn, opens the interior chamber o of the apparatus in front of and above the
hood h, to the chimney h¹, and so serves to carry off all cooking fumes and smells,
and ventilates the apparatus.
Between the front of the fire-place and the front doors b, i.e. within the chamber o,
the spits and trees k for carrying the meat or viands to be roasted, are disposed.
They are carried at their upper ends--which have joints by the rotating
spindles 1, of the motors 1, supported in the channels m extending between the
front of the apparatus, and a cross girder m³, extending from side to side of the
apparatus. The lower ends of the spits are guided and controlled in sockets n,
supported on bars n¹ n² extending between the frame e³, and the front of the
apparatus; one of these bars, n¹, being threaded, and working in the socket n,
which acts as a nut, and the other being plain. The motors are adapted to be
moved on their carriers m by a threaded shaft 12, by turning which they are moved
backwards or forwards. The spits are provided with hooks on which the
meat to be roasted is carried. It will be seen by the drawings, that in order to
move the meat nearer to or further from the fire, the screwed rods, 1, and n¹, con-
nected with each of the spits will be rotated, and will move both the motor, and
the socket conected with it, in the direction required.
In the modification shewn in Figure 5, the meat spits or trees are bowed
between their upper and lower ends, and the spikes or pins are loose, and passed
through the meat, and rest in notches in the bars k, or in other suitable way. The
spindles 7, by which they are rotated, and the sockets n, in which the lower ends
are fitted and revolve, have no bodily adjustment; that is, they are stationary in

page_text: the chamber o, and the several spits are arranged in line; and their respective
revolving shafts are driven from a revolving horizontal shaft p, and mitre
gearing p¹. The shafts are supported by brackets m² in the frame m¹, extending
across the chamber o. The shaft can be revolved by an electric or other motor;
or other suitable gearing or means; and, if the gearing is continuously operated,
a clutch of any known suitable kind may be provided on it to throw the shaft p in
and out of gear so as to set in motion, and stop it at will.
The socket n, in this case, consists of a cup, with balls in it, on which the lower
end of k revolves; and this cup is supported from the bottom a², by a tube n¹;
and is protected from above, so as to prevent gravy, or the like, falling into it, by
a tube 2, and a disc ³.
The fire bars e, in this case, also, are adapted to be rocked on their ends, the
rocking action being effected by the rod e5, the end of which is provided with
teeth, which engage with the lower edges of the bars. The rod e5 passes through
the front of the case of the roaster, and, by its projecting end, it is pushed to and
fro. By this means, the fire can be cleaned of dust etcetera, from outside; and
also the amount of air, passing up between the bars, regulated; which will vary,
accordingly as the bars stand in the vertical position, giving the maximum air
opening, or are moved out of it into an inclined position."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, it is to be stated that the
invention is not restricted to this particular arrangement of apparatus, or the con-
struction or form of its parts, shewn in and set forth with reference to the drawings,
but that what is claimed in respect of the herein described invention is:
1. A roaster, comprising a casing, a fire within same, and a chimney or gas and
smoke outlet, closing in doors, a chamber in front of the fire-place, having within
it trees or spits on which the viands are roasted, and supported so as to prevent
swinging freely about; substantially as set forth.
2. In a roaster, the arrangement of a fire-place at the back, with chimney above,
and ashpit below, extending from directly under the bars to the front, and separated
from the roasting chamber above by a partition; substantially as set forth.
3. In a roaster, having within it a fire-place, and adapted to act as described,
the spits and their supports; arranged and operating substantially as set forth.
4. In a roaster of the kind described, the arrangement of chimney h h¹ and
ventilating valve i; as set forth.
5. In a roaster of the kind herein referred to, the grate comprising the fire bars e,
the front grate bars e¹, catch plate g, supporting frame e³, and ashpit enclosed
behind by the plate f³, and above by a plate f¹; as set forth with reference to and
shewn in the drawings.
6. The roaster, having parts arranged, combined, and adapted to operate, as
shewn in and set forth with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 5th day of January 1898.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicants' Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.