Improvements in and relating to Engines Worked by Explosive Mixtures.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 1st Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in and relating to Engines Worked by Explosive
Mixtures.
We, ALPHONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER, of 17. Colehearne Road, South Kensington, in
the County of London, Civil Engine r, and EDWARD CASPER, of 11, Queen Victoria
Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists in cooling the cylinders of engines worked by explosive
mixtures by converting into steam water contained in a double jacket with which we
provide the cylinder and drawing off this steam by means of a coiled pipe to a
condenser so that it may be used continuously.
By our invention the heat produced by the explosions being regular and equable,
we are able to effect a regular and equable cooling and thus secure better results from
the explosive mixtures employed, and we also reduce the vast quantities of water now
requireil to cool the cylinders of gas and such like engines to a practically insignificant
quantity.
In carryingout cur invention theevlinder is providedwith a doublé jarket but instead
of causing water to merely circulate therein such water entering say for example at a
temperature of 15° Centigrade and leaving at 60° Centigrade our double envelope
becomes a boiler..
The units of heat produced bythe explosions soondevelope sufficient heat to transform
into, steam the water in our double jacket thereby asborbing 660 units of heat whilst
by merely.circulating the water 45 units of heat only are absorbed.
I will thus be, obvious that by our invention the quantity of water used is in
inverse proportion to the units of heat absorbed.
The water is advantageously fed to our double jacket by means of a pump worked
by the engine.
The steam produced is conducted by a coiled pipe under the engine and is thus
partially condensed. The aid coiled pipe is in communication with a spray condenser
that is to say a pump breaks up the water and forces it into the body of steam brought
hy the tube. The water thus pulverized mixed with the condensed steam falls into a
tank from which the double jacket is fed.
A suitable valve regulates the pressure, that is to say the temperature at which the
steam enters the coiled pipe.
Dated the 27th day of April 1889.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
A South Street Finsbury London Agents for the Applicants.
1
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Engines Worked by Explosive
Mixtures.
We, ALPHONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER, of 17, Colebearne Road, South Kensington,
in the County of London, Civil Engineer, and EDWARD CASPER, of 11, Queen Victoria
Street. in the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
Our invention relates to engines worked by explosive mixtures and consists chiefly
in cooling the cylinders of such engines by means of steam generated by the heat
due to the explosions, which stem after it leaves the jacket may be condensed so that
it can be used continuously.

page_text: By our invention, as the heat produced by the explosions is regular and equable,
we are able to effect a regular and equable cooling and thus secure better results than
heretofore from the explosive mixtures employed; and we also reduce the large
quantities of water now required to cool the cylinders of gas and such like engines to a
practically insignificant quantity.
In carrying out our invention the cylinder is provided with a jacket but instead of
causing water to merely circulate therein, such water entering, say for example, at a
temperature f 15° Centigrade and leaving at 60° Centigrade, we introduce, preferably.
only so much water as the heat will vaporize and raise to a given pressure and
consequently temperature, the jacket being thus practically converted into a boiler.
The water being thus converted into steam absorbs say 660 units of heat whilst by
merely circulating water as hitherto 45 degrees of heat only are absorbed.
It will thus be obvious that by our invention the quantity of water used is in
inverse proportion to the units of heat absorbed.
The pressure of the steam is regulated by a valve. As the steam escapes there-
through it is conducted through a coiled pipe or condenser. The wa'er of condensation
flows into a tank from which it can be returned to the jacket by a pump.
To enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe the same with
reference to the accompanying drawing, in which
Figure is a diagrammatic view of a jacketed cylinder and apparatus showing how
our invention may be carried into practice.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a cylinder and apparatus for supplying and
automatically controlling the supply of water.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan of the condenser.
a is a cylinder having double walls so as to form a jacket : is a pump of
ordinary construction for injecting water into the said jacket through the pipe d and
operated by the engine, and e is a box containing the condensing coils f. f, into which
the steam from the jacket passes through the pipe g. The box e is divided into a
The
series of compartments, for instance into three. h, i, j, as shown in Figure 3.
compartment serves as a reservoir into which the water of condensation from the
coils f. flows and from which it is drawn by the pumpe through the pipe k and
the compartments i, i for the reception of the said coils. The cooling of the coils is
advantageously effected by means of an air current which is produced by the suction
of the piston of the engine when drawing in air for the formation of the explosive
mixture. For this purpose the air inlet to the cylinder is connected with the box e.
for instance by the pipe (figure 1) attached to say the wall of the chamber, and
in the wall of the chamber i is formed an opening through which the air can enter
the said chamber i. In the partition between the chambers i and is formed an
opening or series of openings 2. so that the air after passing through the chamber i
The
can enter the chamber and thence pass through the pine to the cylinder.
advantage of cooling the coils in this manner is that the air for forming the explosive
mixture is deprived of its humidity and warmed whereby the explosive mixture can
be readily ignited, which is not the case when the ordinary atmospher'e air is used for
the mixture. Further, by depriving the air of its humidity the part of the heat
produced by the explosion which is usually absorbed for transforming the moisture
of the air into steam is utilised, whereby we are enabled to work with a weaker
mixture than that usually employed, thus effecting an economy in the consumption
of gas or vapour.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that during the working of the
engine water will be drawn from the chamber h by the pumpe and delivered into the
jacket where, owing to the heat of the cylinder, it will be vaporized, the steam thence
passing to the condenser and after condensation returned to the reservoir h, the same
water being thus used continuously.
In order to regulate the pressure and consequently the temperature of the steam in
the jacket, I employ a valve adapted to open at any required pressure. In Figure 1
I show a valve m located in a chamber a mounted upon the box e. which valve is
normally held to its seat by a spring o, a nut p being provided to regulate the pressure

page_text: of such spring. It will be obvious that any suitable valve may be used for the
purpose above mentioned and that it may be arranged in any required position.
To provide against the filling of the jacket to such an extent as to afford no steam
space we fix to the evlinder a chamber, provided with a cock (operated by a ball
or float s) through which the water pissing to the jacket through the pipe & has to
pass; the pipe g for the escape of the steam is also connected with the chamber .
With this arrangement if the water should rise sufficiently high to enter the chamber
the ball or float's would rise and close the valve r, thereby preventing the admission
of any more water.
To provide against any damage to the pump owing to the stoppage of the flow of
water to the pipe d we provide the pump on the discharge side with a relief valve
adapted to remain closed during any ordinary pressure but to open under abnormal
pressure.
In Figure 2t indicates such a relief valve placed in a chamber fixed to the pump,
which chamber is divided into two divisions by the partition in which the valve is
seated. The lower division communicates with the pump by the passage and the
upper division communicates through the piper with the reservoir h.
The valve is
held to its seat by means of a lever y having an adju table weight thereon. Should
the cock r be closed the water will enter the lower division of the chamber through
the passage and lift the valve t so that the water can enter the upper division of the
chamber and thence return to the reservoir h through the pipe ..
Although in the foregoing description we have referred to the use of a pump and
condenser it is obvious that where there is a supply of water under sufficient pressure
their use is unnecessary, as in this care the water can be introduced directly into the
jacket and the steam allowed to escape into the atmosphere or utilized for any required
purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
(1.) Cooling the cylinder of an engine operated by an explosive mixture by means
of steam generated in a jarket surrounding the cylinder by the heat due to the
explosions, substantially as described.
(2.) In an engine operated by an explosive mixture the combination with a jacketed
cylinder of a pump for introducing water into the jacket in such quantities that it can
be vaporized, a condenser for condensing the steam after it leaves the jacket, and a
reservoir into which the water of condensation flows and from which it is withdrawn
by the pump, substantially as, and for the purposes, specified.
(3.) In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described for cooling the cylinders of
engines operated by explosive mixtures, cooling the condensers by means of air
currents produced substantially in the manner set forth.
(4.) In apparatus of the kind hereinbefore described for cooling the cylinders of
engines operated by explosive mixtures, the arrangement of mechanism substantially
as described with reference to Figure 2 for regulating the supply of water.
8
1900
DateT LITC
ALPH. ED. TAVERNIER.
EDWARD CASPER.
G. J. Redfern & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.