Year: 1886

page_text: I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention (a communication from abroad by Wallace Harlow Dodge of
Wishawaka State of Indiana United States of America, Manufacturer) and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:—
My invention relates to that class of pulleys which are wooden faced and
provided with iron hubs and spokes.
So far as I am aware, pulleys having iron centers and spokes have always
heretofore been made in one of two ways, first, with wooden rims, and having the
outer ends of the iron spokes fastened to the inner surface of said wooden rim by
bolts or screws, or, the pulley has been made with an iron rim, and the wooden
face or lagging secured thereto by bolts or screws.
Both modes are defective, and the defect is entirely obviated by my invention,
which consists in a mode and device for attaching the wooden rim to the iron arms
or spokes preferably with an interlocking joint which secures permanency and
solidity of union without the use of screws or bolts.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1. is a perspective view of one of my pulleys complete.
Fig. 2. is a perspective view of one of my iron hubs with its spokes or arms
attached but separate from its wooden rim.
Fig. 3. is a plan showing the mode of joining the spokes to the wooden rim.
Fig. 4. is a perspective view showing a modification to secure a number of points
of attachments greater than the number of spokes.
Fig. 5. is an elevation showing the mode of attaching wrought iron spokes to
the rim.
Fig. 6. is a plan showing a modification.
Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are perspective views showing different modes of
anchoring the T head in the rim.

page_text: Fig. 12. is a perspective view of a part of one of my lagging or end wood rims.
Fig. 13. is a perspective view of one section of the same.
Fig. 14. is a radial transverse section of a heavy pulley rim having my wooden
lagging rim applied to its exterior.
A is the hub preferably of cast iron, provided with metallic spokes or arms b,
which may be integral with the hub or may be separable therefrom. For some
purposes it is preferable to make them integral, being cast with the hub but for
large wheels or those required to bear heavy pressure, as in large hand-saw
machines, it is preferable to make them of wrought metal and separable from the
hub. At the extremity of each arm there is a cross or T head c, or lateral curved
extension concentric with the axis of the pulley in width equal to about one half
the face width of the pulley, though if desired it may be equal to said width or of
any other proportion than that stated.
с
The cross head c has upon its outer side, a rib d which I prefer to make under
cut or wider at its outer surface than at its junction with said cross head, and for
convenience and preference is expanded at its end or made dovetailed in cross
sections though other forms may be used, in many cases without material difference
in effect.
The iron center comprising the hub and all of the arms or spokes may be made
in one piece if desired but I prefer to make it in two parts substantially as shown,
first, because it may then be clamped upon the shaft and held thereon by surface
or frictional contact, and second because it is generally desirable to make the entire
pulley separable, and the rim is then divided on a line between the two parallel
arms of the parts of the metallic center.
The rim of the pulley is preferably made of wood, that is to say, it is built up of
segments E cut from boards or planks, glued together so that end joints are broken
or lapped and the direction of the grain crossed as shown in Fig. 13 or I cut said
segments transversely across the board so as to present end wood on the convex
edge, as shown in Fig. 12.
Segments cut in this last named way also form an excellent lagging to be applied
to the face of an iron rim pulley as will be more fully described herein after.
Notches fare cut in the inner peripheral surface of the rim corresponding in
position and shape with and adapted to receive the ribs d, these notches may be
accurately cut to fit the dovetailed ribs d, and said ribs may be made thinner at
one end than at the other or slightly wedging on one side whereby their union
with the rim may be made solid and firm by being forced into its socket wedge-
wise or it may be keyed fast by a separate wedge driven in by the side of said rib.
I prefer to cut the notches f larger than the ribs d but approximating the same
forin, so that when said ribs are inserted there will be a little space within the
notch all around the rib. This space I fill with some plastic or semi fluid
material h which will harden without shrinking and for this purpose, melted
sulphur I have found to be most satisfactory, as it possesses great hardness and
rigidity when cold and is not influenced by any treatment to which the pulley may
be subjected in finishing.
In this way the arms or ribs are firmly bedded in the material of the rim, and
no strain which the pulley is adapted to bear, will or can cause a separation of the
rim from the arms. When the rim is attached to the arms by bolts or screws, the
substance of the rim is perforated for the passage of the bolt and is thereby
weakened, and the areas of contact being comparatively small there is, under
strain a constant tendency to enlarge said holes and loosen the hold of the holding
bolts.
In some cases it may be desirable to provide points of engagement between the
spokes and rim, greater in number than the number of spokes, and in such cases,
I extend the T head c, laterally and place upon it two or more ribs d.
When wrought metal spokes are employed I have provided for the outer end of
each arm a head like that shown at 9 adjustable on the arm 6 but the form of said
head may be modified to suit the circumstances of any case.

page_text: Sometimes, especially when the rims are heavy it will not be necessary to key
fast all the ends of the spokes, but only those near the ends of the sections;
intermediate spokes being merely bedded.
Such modification is shown in Fig. 6.
When a plastic or fluid bedding material, like melted sulphur or cement
compounds are employed, the forms of the spoke ends may be greatly varied.
Suggestive forms are shown in Figs. 7 8 9 10 and 11.
It is apparent that the form of the parts which project into the notches may be
greatly varied without in any degree changing the result which depends upon the
firm embedment of a part of the arm in the substance of the rim of a wooden
rimmed pulley in contradistinction to the fastening together of the rim and spokes
by separable or removable fasteners like screws or bolts, so that when the hub and
spokes are caused to revolve the rim is positively pushed by each spoke embedded
in it, instead of being pulled by screws or bolts which pass between them.
When my wooden rim is to be used as a lagging, I provide a sufficient number
of curved segments E cut from boards of suitably hard wood and preferably the
curved edges are cut transverse to the direction of the grain. The curved edges are
cut on concentric curves, the larger being of radius equal to the radius of the
pulley to be covered. The end edges of said segments are cut truly radial to the
peripheral curve of the pulley, and all the segments should include the same
angular arc, which must be on their inner curve, when finished, some equal
division of the peripheral circumference of the pulley.
These segments may be applied to the faces of the pulley in a variety of ways,
dependent upon the size of the pulley and the duty required. For instance if the
diameter of the pulley is to be largely increased by the lagging and the duty light
the segments may be put in position and glued together solidly. If the pulley is
large and it is undesirable to greatly increase its diameter, or if the duty is heavy
it must be more firmly secured, and the principal objects of my improvement are
(1) to provide a lagging with wearing surface of end wood. (2) solid and self
sustaining. (3) capable of being manufactured in sections fitted for the pulley
before leaving the shop. Therefore I do not wish to limit myself to the specific
details hereinafter described.
A number of these segments E sufficient to extend across the face of the pulley
are assembled, side by side, and a metal rod i, is inserted through them all. The
segments E forming one section thus built up, all are solidly cemented together, by
glue or other suitable cement.
Two or more holes k are then bored from the convex side down to the rod i, and
said rod is then drilled to receive a screw bolt ; which when the lagging is in place,
will pass down into or through the rim of the pulley to firmly connect the sections
of the pulley. After the lagging has been attached to the pulley the peripheral
holes may be stopped with plugs.
This
These sections may be closely fitted on their radial surfaces and glued together
as they are put in place but I prefer to interlock said radial surfaces, so as
to practically, make the whole lagging cover, one solid coherent mass.
interlocking may be accomplished in various ways. If the boards are of sufficient
uniformity in thickness they may be set alternately out and in as in Fig. 12 so
that when the sections are placed together they will interlock. Or they may be
assembled without reference to this, and afterwards the radial edges may be
grooved plain or dovetailed as shown in Fig. 13 This grooving ensures more
perfect joints than dependence upon the thickness of the boards.
It is of importance that the lagging shall have a uniform contact with the
pulley face, and it is easy to secure such contact when thin staves are applied to a
substantially flat faced pulley because each stave will independently yield under
the strain of the lagging screws, but my solid segments will not yield so readily.
I therefore, as the sections are put in place, apply a cement or filling h of some
suitable kind (fig. 14.) between the lagging and the pulley face. This filling may

page_text: be of any suitable hard material which can be applied in a fluid or plastic state,
such as plaster, glue cement, sulphur etc.
The best material for this purpose is
melted sulphur, and I am in that way also enabled, to apply my lagging to a
grooved pulley as perfectly as to a flat faced pulley, because when the spaces in
the old grooves under the lagging are filled with melted sulphur the lagging is as
firmly seated as though the pulley were flat faced and the sulphur may be poured
in through suitable openings after the lagging is in place, thus securing perfect
bearing at all points.
When the lagging has all been applied and the cementing substance thoroughly
hardened the exterior surface is to be turned off and be finished to the desired face,
whether plain, crowning, or grooved.
This mode of lagging may be employed to adapt any flat or crowning faced
pulley however large to the rope belting now extensively used in place of flat
belts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
1. A pulley having a wooden rim and a metallic center and arms the ends
whereof are provided with ribs expanded at their outer ends, embedded and
rigidly fastened in corresponding notches cut in the inner periphery of said rim
substantially as set forth."
2. An iron center for a pulley, provided at the ends of its arms with lateral
curved projections copcentric with the axis of the pulley, and upon the exterior
surface of said projections, radial ribs expanded at their outer ends combined with
a wooden lagging or rim having notches to receive and firmly hold said ribs and
rim together to constitute a pulley as set forth.
3. An iron center hub for a pulley made in two parts separable through the
center of the hub and united by clamping bolts, each arm being terminated with a
transverse rib expanded at its outer end, combined with a wooden rim provided
with notches adapted to receive and rigidly hold said ribs as set forth.
4. In the manufacture of pulleys having wooden rims and metallic arms the
mode of attaching said arms herein described, that is to say, providing each arm
with transverse head projections or ribs, inserting said projections loosely into
notches made in the inner peripheral surface of said rim and filling the spaces
within the several notches and around said ribs with a non-shrinking substance
such as sulphur, substantially as set forth.
5. A pulley having a wooden rim provided with notches f and a metallic hub
and spokes provided with projections or ribs adapted to extend into said notches
combined with a non-shrinking filling of suitable material capable of being applied
in a fluid or plastic condition substantially as set forth.
6. A pulley having a wooden rim provided with notches and a metallic hub
and spokes provided at the end of each spoke with one or more transverse
undercut ribs adapted to extend into said notches combined with a non-shrinking
filling of sulphur substantially as set forth.
7. A pulley having a wooden rim provided with notches f and a metallic hub
and spokes, each spoke having a separable head g provided with projections d
adapted to extend into said notches, and the notches adapted to be filled around
said projections with a non-shrinking material ⁄ to pack said projections in said
notches substantially as set forth.
8. A pulley rim or lagging for covering pulleys, composed of curved segments
cut from suitable boards, adapted to the peripheral curvature of the pulley, with
radial ends, cemented together and secured to the pulley as set forth.
9. A pulley rim or lagging covering for pulleys composed of curved segments E
cut from suitable boards, with the curved edges transverse to the grain, and the
other edges radial to the curve provided with the rods i pierced to receive the
lagging screws j and all firmly cemented together as set forth.

page_text: 10. A pulley rim or lagging covering for pulleys composed of curved segments E
cut from suitable boards, cemented together in sections, adapted to the curve of
the pulley to be covered, their radial surfaces grooved and adapted to interlock as
set forth.
11. A pulley and a pulley rim or lagging covering composed of wooden segments
secured to its exterior surface, combined with a filling or bedding of liquid or
plastic material which will afterwards solidify as set forth.