Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 4th Jan., 1896

page_text: 2. THE COUNTING APPARATUS.
The teeth projecting from the periphery are in gear with the pinion d having ten
teeth, the pinions being free to turn upon the shaft w¹. The pinion d is united by
the sleeve d¹ with the number-drum d, upon the circumference of which are
engraved the figures 0-9, and of which one figure always is visible through the
opening d, in the case, as shown in Fig. 2.
It is evident that, if 5 teeth of the wheel are engaged, and a zero is visible in the
opening a, the pinion d will be turned by 5 teeth during one revolution of the
wheel A, and a 5 will occupy the place of the zero.
Figs. 9, 10, 11 show such a number-drum in two views and a section; the number-
drum is mounted on the shaft w¹ by the pin do which passes through the sleeve d¹,
and enters an annular groove formed in the shaft to'. There are 16 pinions d in
the counter. The shaft w of the counter rests upon the side-walls W, firmly
connected together by angle iron. The pinions are mounted in a separate case S
capable of sliding on the shaft W₁ (Figs. 1 and 2) relatively to the reckoning
apparatus so as to cause any of the wheels A to gear with any of the pinions d.
By this arrangement it is possible to gear together the 16th pinion and the
8th large wheel, by shifting the case containing the counters by 8 positions to the
right, whereby reckonings are made possible to the highest numbers.
In order to prevent a greater rotation of the number-drums than necessary, by
the energy or vis viva of the number-drums, there is provided between every wheel
and counter mechanism a particular click and ratchet wheel, effecting an absolute
compulsory movement. This click and ratchet wheel consists in its essential parts
of an annular set of 10 serrated teeth d³, fixed to the number drum, the serrated
teeth are spaced to correspond with the teeth on the wheel A. Between the rim
and the ratchet-wheel a click-lever e swings (see Fig. 1 and Figs. 12 to 15).
The click-lever e is fitted with a pin e', and a spring e², whereby the pin e' is
pressed into a notch of the serrated Hange d³, and whereby the number drum d² is
held. This action takes place whenever the teeth a' gear with the pinion d, the
click-lever e sliding over the serrated flange so long as motion is applied thereto.
When the wheel A is at rest, the projection e on the click-lever e comes in contact
with the side of the wheel A, preventing the click lever being moved out of its
notch. Therefore during each revolution of the wheel A the groove A² (Fig. 3)
provides space for the projection and permits the click-lever e to move aside out
of gear with the serrated Hange, and the pinion d is operated by so many teeth a
as happen to project beyond the circumference, as the teeth a' gear with the
pinions d; whereby a perfectly definite movement is effected. Fig. 15 represents
two wheels A A with the before-described mechanism, and the corresponding
number-drums. This figure represents a central section through the wheels A A
showing the pinion d, and an end view of the click lever e. A number of these
click-levers are shown in Figs. 13 and 14, of which altogether there are 16 pieces.
The click-levers e are pivoted at, to the angle-iron f'; the levers e swinging as
shown by the arrows in Fig. 13. Into the vertical leg of the angle-iron, between
the click-levers notches are cut, through which the wheels A pass. In Figs. 26
and 27 the angle-iron is shown removed in order to render the adjacent parts
visible.
If during the reckoning a resulting number is on the point to exceed a ten
or decade, and reciprocally, if a number sinks below zero-which is the case if
in the aperture the numbers 0 and 9 exchange their positions; this process will be
marked on the number-drum representing the next superior or inferior number.
The arrangement for this purpose is made as follows: A pin g is fixed on each
number-drum, between the numbers 5 and 6, which projects laterally towards the
next superior wheel A. Turning the counting-wheel, this pin g pushes a lever h,
and sets right the "ten-tooth " I, as hereinafter described and in such a manner
that the same gears together with the corresponding counting-wheel d, and turns
the latter for one tooth, whereby the transterring of the decade to the next counting

page_text: wheel is effected, and exceeded or reached on the preceding counting-wheel. The
details of this arrangement are represented by Figs. 1 to 3. Figs. 3 and 27 show
the vertical supports H fixed to the bottom of the machine between the wheels A.
The top of each support carries the ten-transferring lever swinging about the
bolt and represented by Figs. 16 to 19 in 4 different views. On each side,
the lever has a catch, k and k¹; k is operated by the wheel A, by means of the
pins A³, and by the pin g of the counting-wheel. The rear of the support. His
provided with a padding H' having a profile as shown by Fig. 20. In contact with H
is a spring H; the end H3 H³ of the spring catches into the notches of H'H',
in order to limit the oscillations of the lever h. During the passage of the counter-
wheel numbers 9 to 0 or 0 to 9, the pin g pushes against the projection k¹ (Fig. 2)
of the lever lying closely to the next superior wheel A; whereby the lever is
turned towards the main shaft w, and is held in this position by the catching of the
spring H2. Fig. 8 shows the machine in this position. It is to be mentioned that
the wheel A belonging to this ten-transferring-lever is situated before the drawing-
plane, and has been omitted for the sake of clearness. The total arrangement of
the working together, and the reciprocal effect of the parts is clearly shown
by Figs. 26 and 27. Turning the wheel shown in Fig. 1 through 180° to the right,
and placing the same on Fig. 2, the influence of the lever h on its corresponding
wheel A is easily to be comprehended. Each wheel. A
possesses two ten-
transferring teeth I shown by Figs. 6 and 8, the disce B being removed.
The teeth are also shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 shows that every "ten-transferring
tooth is placed in a groove i of the wheel disc and is capable of being turned round
the bolt fixed on two small lateral ledges 2. The "ten-tooth" carries two
pins and which project through slots Land of the disc B (see Figs. 1 and 4).
According as one of the two pins or 2 is pressed into the slots of the disc B, the
tooth I will be projected or laid down. By pressing down the inner pin the
tooth I will be erected or ready for gearing with the next pinion d while by
pressing down the pin the tooth I is laterally laid down and out of gear.
Fig. 3 shows the foriner above and the latter below. This different pressing down
is effected by the lever ; the necessary movement being produced by the
engaging-pino fixed to d2 and the reverse movement by the disengaging pin A³
provided on the corresponding wheel A.
"
66
66
"
The ping having pressed the lever h towards the shaft wo, and thereby having
projected the tooth I ready for gearing, as soon as the "ten-tooth "I has passed
this spot, that is, the central line, the before mentioned disengaging pin A³ pushes
back the lever into the coupling position, immediately after having coupled the
wheel d. If then a
ten-tooth" passes again the central line without a decade
being completed, (which would be the case if the pin g has not again operated the
lever ) the outer pin 12 is pressed down by the lever h, and then the "ten-tooth" I
is laterally laid down, and thus thrown out of gear. At each side of I there is a
recess I which is utilized in a similar manner to the recess A2, whereby the
necessary space is obtained for enabling the click lever e to move aside in order to
allow the pinion and also the number drum to turn, but in this case, only by one
tocth. In this manner a transferring of the full decade from the one counting-
wheel to the next is effected by a compulsory movement. In order to effect the
transferring of the single decades to the 16th place, on the shaft wo are arranged
8 ten-transferring wheels M, having no teeth. Each of these wheels M has two
ten-transferring teeth N similar in every respect to the teeth I (Figs. 22 and 23).
Fig. 23 shows some of these wheels; one wheel in section on the line, and two
on the line y y of Fig. 22. The arrangement for the coupling with the pinion d
and uncoupling is effected by pressing down the inner pin n', and the outer pin n².
This pressing down is effected by similar levers actuated in the above-described
It is evident that the transferring of the full decade is effected to the
Highest Lumbers, and that the working of the machine may be continued to the
16th wheel of the mechanism represented by Figs. 9 to 15.
inanner.

page_text: 3. THE COUNTER, REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS THE
MACHINE HAS MADE.
0
At the same time the ten-transferring teeth N serve to count the rotations, each
of the wheels M gearing with a ten-toothed pinion O which is free to turn upon
the shaft w², but is firmly connected with the drum p by the sleeve d¹ (Fig. 21).
The drum p is provided with a serrated flange p' with which the pin e¹ of the click-
lever e gears, in order to control the movement of the drum p¹ in the same manner
as that of the drums d. The mechanisms are similar to those above described in
relation to and shown in Figs. 9 to 14. A bracket carrying the click-lever e is
arranged beneath the drum p (Fig. 1). In Figs. 26 and 27 the bracket is omitted
to render visible the parts behind it. The projection of a tooth N in order to gear
with o must take place after each rotation. For this purpose the levers 9 are
provided, fixed to the back of the plate H, which levers are formed in a similar
manner to that of the levers h and work in a similar manner. The pin p² fixed to the
number-drump pushes q inwardly, whereby the pin n' on the ten-transferring wheel
of the next higher unity, is pressed down, passing the central-line between > and M;
thereby the tooth N is projected so as to gear with o. Thereupon the pin n³ pushes
back the lever q to the initial position, whereby the tooth N is withdrawn in a
similar manner to the tooth I already described. The first ten-transferring wheel
having no drum p in contiguity, for pushing aside the lever q to erect the tooth N,
the wheel itself must effect that movement. For this purpose a pin q' is arranged
on the first wheel M. shown in Fig. 24, in section. This pin q by a rotation of
the wheel M, pushes against the cam q* of the lever q in a similar manner to the
pin p² of the drum p. Thereby the lever is pressed inwardly, and the projection
of the tooth N is effected. This pin q' also effects the working of the rotation-
counter. The other remaining levers q are pushed aside by the pins 2 of
the drums p. This pushing aside takes place only after a complete rotation of the
drum p, that is after the 10th rotation of the first ten-transferring wheel M. The
drums p are not provided with numbers, but are only required to receive the pins p²,
and to carry the serrated flange pinto which the click-levers e fall, causing the
required movement. The following arrangement exists in order to exhibit to the
operator through the openings the number of complete revolutions. The pinion o
engages with the pinion mounted on the shaft w³, having two number drums ¹²,
one on each side. The numbers on the drums and are arranged in contrary
directions. By revolving the crank U to the right, the pinion. r, with, the drums r
and 2, is moved to the left, by means of the multiple gearing shown in Figs. 26
and 27, towards the operator, (as seen from above). The numbers of the drum
increase from 0 to 9, and the numbers on the drum decrease from 9 to 0. Making
a substracting calculation, that is a turning to the left of the crauk U the drum²
will be turned in a forward or positive direction and in a backward or negative
direction. But as only the reading of the positive working is important for the
operator, it is always necessary to cover the drum denoting the negative work.
During a continued turning of the crank U to the right, 2 has to be covered;
during a continued turning to the left has to be covered. For this purpose in
the curved parts of the case a long slot s is provided above the drums r¹ and ².
Under this slot a curved plate s with openings ss formed as shown in Fig. 30. is
loosely mounted on the shaft w. The openings correspond with, and the
openings correspond with 2. By turning the sector either of the sets of
openings may be exposed to view; if turned inwardly towards the machine, the
drums which are visible indicate the rotations of the shaft w taking place in a
positive direction. The revolution of the sector which has to be made at the
beginning of a calculation, is effected by the knob s. By putting the knob s into
one of the grooves the sector s² is fixed, while the spring s7 (Fig. 32) prevents
the sector from accidentally moving aside to the right. The sector is drawn in
Fig. 31 in section and in Fig. 30 longitudinally.
and

page_text: In order to bring all number-drums to zero, after having finished the reckoning,
the following arrangement is made and added to the shafts w¹ and w² (Figs. 33.
to 36). The feather attached to the knob t¹ slides in a groove in each axle or
sbaft. Pins 2 are fixed in the feather, there being as many pins as there are
number-drums. Pins 3 are also fitted in the drums against which the pins tact
when the knob t¹ and the feather t are drawn outwards and turned. A pin t is.
fixed to the boss of the knob which enters a slot in the sleeve t when the
numbers are seen at zero, the pins being then out of gear with the pins t³ as
shown in Fig. 33. It is evident that if this is not the case and the knob t' is
drawn outwards and turned, the number-drums are moved by the pins until the
pin enters the notch or groove; in other words, until the initial position is
reached. Fig. 33 shows this initial position, and Fig. 34 represents another
position. The spring t on the shaft prevents an accidental removal of the knob,
and thereby the drums are prevented from improperly acting. Figs. 37 and 38
illustrate an arrangement for the purpose of fixing the driving-gear, whilst the
handles or keys are being moved or set. A pin slides in a vertical guide
screwed upon the machine cover. This pin is pressed upwards by a spring ut.
and carries at its under end a projection u³ engaging in a notch u² arranged on the
16th wheel M. By pressing down the pin and pressing 3 into the notch ut, the
setting right of the whole driving gear and the wheels can be effected.
When it is desired to multiply or divide by two or more figures, it is necessary,
after the first calculation has been made, to shift the case s along the shaft W¹ (on.
which the same is pivoted) to effect the necessary interchange of gearing between
the pinions and the large wheels. In order to retain the case in its altered position
a bar V, provided with 8 grooves or notches, is screwed to the upper part of the
frame H, Fig. 28, a projection W' being provided on the cases to engage with the
notch corresponding to the position of the case s. A knob or handle X is fitted to
facilitate the operation.
By way of example, suppose it is desired to multiply 621 by 95, the handles or
keys are set to the multiplicand 621 on their respective scales. The crank is
then revolved five times (corresponding with the first multiplier) the cases being
in its normal position and the projection W' in the first notch of the bar V. It is
now necessary to shift the cases by one position to the right when the crank is
revolved nine times (corresponding with the second multiplier) the result appearing
at the openings d. In order to divide 58995 by 95, the case s is partly revolved
on its pivot, when the discs d' are revolved by their respective flanges (which
project beyond the case as shown in Figs. 1 and 2) until the dividend 58995.
appears at the openings d*, and the sector turned so as to expose the openings s³.
The handles or keys are set for 95, the divisor, and the case s shifted to the right
by three notches. The crank U is now revolved, in an opposite direction to when
multiplying, until the number in that portion of the dividend being operated upon
becomes of lower value than the divisor when the case is shifted to the second
notch, and so on through the calculation, the quotient appearing at the
openings st.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
clain: is:-
1. In a calculating machine an arrangement for turning the number-drums,
characterised by a click-lever e swinging between the number drum and the
wheels A, and holding stationary the respective number-drum, by the gearing of
its pin e¹ with the serrated rim d³ and permitting the turning of the same for as
many numbers as movable teeth are actuated and recesses A² for the click lever e
become free for moving aside, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by the drawings.
2. In a calculating machine the method of transferring the tens to the highest
places, characterised by the levers h which are actuated by the number-drums after

page_text: every rotation in the manner described, and by pressing down the pin causes the
projection of the ten-tooth I, for the purpose of gearing with the corresponding
pinion of the next superior unity, and with the before named mechanism the use of
the described arrangement effecting the necessary movement, substantially as herein
before described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. In apparatus as aforesaid the arrangement for transferring the tens in the
rotation counting-apparatus, characterised by the levers y actuated by the drums p
after every rotation, and which cause, by pressing down the pin n¹ the projection
of the ten-tooth N for gearing with the corresponding pinion of the next superior
unity substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. In apparatus as aforesaid the method of reversing the number-course in the
rotation-counting-apparatus for right and left turning of the the machine crank,
characterised by the number-drums and pinions r, the number drums being
provided with numbers, whereby the numbers on the the two number-drums run in
opposite directions, and the one set of numbers is towards the other as described,
and with the sector s enveloping the drums, and having openings for observation,
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
5 The improved calculating machine or apparatus substantially as and for the
purposes described.
L
1005