An Improved Method of Laying Pavements of Wood, Tiles, Concrete, and other Surfaces
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 4th Feb., 1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Laying Pavements of Wood, Tiles,
Concrete, and other Surfaces:
I MALCOLM MACLEOD Engineer and patent pavement Manufacturer of 59 Amity
Road West Ham London E and of Deansgate Manchester, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An improved method of laying pavements of wood, tiles concrete and other
surfaces.
The invention consists in securing into the upper surface of the foundation spar,
limestone, gravel or other suitable material so that the rough-cast thus formed may
afford a
key for the mastic used to secure the wood, tiles, or other surface; or for
the plastic surface as concrete or the like.
I form a keying surface on the wood, tiles or such surface by making one
or more grooves to allow of the "keys" being secured into the wood, tiles or such like
and allowing the heads of the keys to be about flush or below the surface so as not to
interfere with the even setting of the blocks, tiles &c.
For keys I prefer such as I make with a washer or plated head.
The mastic Cement which I use to unite the surface materials to the foundation I
make by mixing with Natural Rock Asphalte a sufficient quantity of Bitumen or other
tempering material as shall cause the asphalte to melt and flux when cooking and set
10 the required consistency when laid between the surface and the foundation.
For the wood block flooring especially I sometimes form the foundations of asphaltic
concrete.
MALCOLM MACLEOD.

page_text: An Improved Method of Laying Pavements of Wood, Tiles,
Concrete, and other Surfaces.
I MALCOLM MACLEOD, Engineer of 59 Amity Road, West Ham, London, E and of
Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
An improved method of laying pavement of Wood, Tiles, Concrete, and other
surfaces. The Invention consists in firstly forming the upper surface of the foundation
of Spar, Limestone, or other suitable material so that the rough-cast thus formed may
afford a tooth for the mastic or other plastic material such as Concrete or the like,
which is used to secure the Wood, Tiles, or other surface material. And secondly in
"Keying surface beneath and at the sides of the Wood, or such surface by making
one or more longitudinal or other grooves, which grooves may be formed of square,
dovetail, diamond or other suitable form, which will give a firm grip and allow the
keys hereafter described being secured into the Wood, at the bottom of the groove thus
allowing the plate, washer, or other head of "Key" to be aboni, flush with the surface
of the Wood.
prefer to use one longitudinal groove about half an inch wide and a quarter of an
inch deep so that the plate, or washer, or other head of the key will just bridge over it,
and can by a blow from a hammer be made to sink flush with the surface of the
Wood..
In tiles 1 form the keying surface by pressing into their surface whilst in a plastic
state small rubble-preferably crushed files.
For wood keys I commonly use screw nails with large heads to better hold the
plates, or washers when these are needed-but often the nail head is sufficient.
The mastic Concrete which I use to unite the surface (wood or tiles) to the founda-
tion I make by mixing Natural Rock Asphalte with a sufficient quantity of Bitumen
to cause the Asphalie to flux when subjected to a heat of say 220 Degrees-Farenheit.
But when I dispense with the longitudinal grooves I use keys of screw nails having
a shoulder about a quarter of an inch below the head so as to keep the washer or plate
a short distance from the head so that the mail keys may project a uniform distance
beyond the block when driven in. These projections enter the uniting mastic.
In carrying out my Invention I form an ordinary Cement Concrete foundation, or a
Mastic Concrete foundation and whilst it is in a plastic state 1 press into its surface
spar, limestone, or such other material as will adhere firmly to the said foundation and
afford a grip or "key" for the mastic or other material to be laid upon it.
When laying a plastic surface I allow the foundation to about half set-after laying
upon it the rough-cast. The plastic material as it is laid enters the rough-cast and
becomes inseparable.

page_text: To fix Wood Blocks as described I first dip them into the boiling mastic, which
enters the grooves and behind the key heads and at once lay them upon the rough-
cast foundation.
I lay tiles in much the same way as the plastic material, if with Cement-but if with
mastic I lay them in the same way as the Wood Blocks.
In addition to the Centre longitudinal groove I commonly cui a V groove at each
corner of the block so that when two blocks are laid side by side these grooves form a
diamond shaped opening into which the mastic may enter.
In the drawing herewith P. P. P. are the blocks D. D. are longitudinal grooves
therein E. E. are the diamond shaped grooves F. F. are the metal keys. C. C. the
mastic filling the rough-cast and the grooves in the block B. is the Cement or mastic
foundation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the value of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim to-
or
1st. Forming the substratum-or laying surface with a rough face by employing
limestone or other similar material of about one inch diameter so as to give a
key, substantially as described hereinhefore for the purpose set forth.
grip,
2nd. Forming tiles with a rough under surface substantially as described herein-
before for the purpose set forth.
3rd. Forming a mastic by the admixture of Natural Rock Asphalte and Bitumen in
the proportions, and for the purpose set forth.
4th. The use of metal keys in combination with wood blocks, grooved or otherwise,
substantially as described and shown hereinhefore and in the accompanying drawing
for the purpose set forth.
5th. The method of laying Wood or Tile pavements substantially as described and
shewn hereinbefore and in the accompanying drawing.
MALCOLM MACLEOD,
59, Amity Road, London, E.