IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING CAST STEEL WITH IRON, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE SPRINGS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BOWER BROWN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Merchant and Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Tenth day of October, in the eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Bower Brown, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said John Bower Brown, my exors, adññiors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Bower Brown, my exors, adñiors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING CAST
STEEL WITH IRON, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE SPRINGS;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John Bower
Brown, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Bower Brown, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My Invention relates, first, to improvements in combining cast steel with
iron when manufacturing railway tyre. And, secondly, my Invention relates
to improvements in the construction of carriage springs. And in order that
my Invention may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I
will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
And, first, of the manufacture of tyre for railway wheels by combining cast
steel with iron. According to this part of my Invention, I make bars of
railway wheels composed of cast steel combined with iron, in the following
manner I take a block of iron such weight as will, together with the steel,
make the size of bar suitable for the tyre of a railway wheel. The block of
iron I heat to nearly the point of fusion, and place it in a cast-iron mould of
such depth as to receive the iron and the cast steel to be combined therewith.
Such mould I prefer to be divided vertically into two parts, yet so as to be
readily clamped together when the piece of iron has been introduced; and
immediately the iron has been put into the mould, and the mould clamped, I
pour in the melted steel, which I have ready in a crucible or crucibles, and the
steel and iron combine into one mass, which I then draw out into a bar, which
I afterwards pass between grooved rollers in order to obtain the section of
railway tyre I desire. It will be found that by these means cast steel may be
combined with iron in the manufacture of railway tyre of a superior character
to the tyre heretofore made by welding steel to iron for these purposes.
would remark, in respect of this part of my Invention, that I do not claim the
. combining of steel and iron for railway purposes; nor do I claim the com-
bining iron or steel in the manner above described when not in the manufacture
of tyre for railway wheels.
I
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which relates to those
descriptions of springs for carriages which are made up of series of plates,
which in action move or slide on each other; and part of these improvements
consists in forming channels, grooves, or recesses in the surfaces of the plates
to contain grease or other lubricating matter, which will gradually work out
from the grooves or recesses as the springs are used by the sliding or inoving
action which takes place in respect of the various plates. In carrying out this
part of my Invention I have formed grooves longitudinally when rolling the
plates, in place of forming the plates plain on their surfaces; hepce, when the
series of plates are put together to make up a spring, in place of their surfaces

page_text: being in contact at all parts, and rubbing or sliding on each other as hereto-
fore, there will be grooves, or there may be other shaped recesses or hollows,
into which (when putting the spring together) is placed grease or other lubri-
cating material, by which means the plates of springs will be kept lubricated.
I would remark, in respect of this part of my Invention, that I do not
confine myself to any particular shape or form of recesses or hollows, as they
may be varied, so long as they are suitable for receiving lubricating matter
between the various plates of which carriage springs are composed; though I
believe the most convenient form will be a longitudinal groove or grooves
formed on one surface of each plate of which a spring is composed.
Another part of my Invention consists in forming such descriptions of
carriage springs of two widths of plates, in place of having all the plates of one
width, as heretofore. In carrying out this part of my Invention, I will suppose
that the carriage spring to be made according thereto is to be a strong
spring for railway purposes, and that it is to consist of plates three inches
wide, in which case, in place of having all the plates three inches wide, I
use other and narrower plates of two inches wide; and in making up a
spring I introduce a narrow plate between each two wide plates, hence the
spring will not have so much extent of rubbing surfaces between the plates
as when the plates are all of one width, as heretofore, by which a very beneficial
result will be obtained. And I would remark that although I have mentioned
three-inch wide plates combined with two-inch wide plates in making up a
carriage spring of a series of plates, I do not confine myself thereto, as the
relation of widths of the plates may be varied, though I believe the relation
above given very proper for the purpose of obtaining the advantages of this
part of my Invention.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I am
acquainted with for performing the said, I would have it understood that what
I claim is,
First, the mode of combining cast steel with iron, when manufacturing
railway tyre.
Secondly, I claim the mode of constructing carriage springs by forming
grooves or recesses in the plates, as herein described.
And I also claim the mode of constructing carriage springs, by combining
plates of different widths, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bower Brown, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Fifth day of April. in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
JOHN BOWER (L.s.) BROWN.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of April, in the year
of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid John Bower Brown came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five.