IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR GRINDING CORN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN HORSE GEAR OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING THE SAME, WHICH HORSE GEAR IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick William Turner, of Linslade Works,
Linslade, in the County of Bucks, Engineer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR GRINDING CORN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND
IN HORSE GEAR OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING THE SAME, WHICH HORSE GEAR IS
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING OTHER MACHINERY."
Sealed the 1st September 1865, and dated the 8th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick William Turner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1865.
J, FREDERICK WILLIAM TURNER, of Linslade Works, Linslade, in the County
of Bucks, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CORN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN
HORSE GEAR OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING THE SAME, WHICH HORSE GEAR IS ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for grinding eorn and
vegetable or mineral substances by horse, steam, or other power, and consists,
first, in the employment of a serrated metal roller of considerable length
mounted upon a spindle and revolving in adjustable bearings, herein-after
described, working within an iron box or casing made in two parts and firmly
bolted together. In the interior of this box or casing a bard serrated metal
breastwork is firmly fixed with suitable bolts extending the whole length of
the box or casing, but covering only one side thereof. This breastwork is

page_text: made in two or more pieces, so that either can be detached separately and
repaired in case of injury from pieces of iron stone or other hard extraneous
substances. The general form of the box is cylindrical, and concentric or
nearly so, with the enclosed toothed cylinder, but has at the upper part an
extension throughout its length, forming what I term the screw chamber, in
which a screw or worm revolves in close proximity to the rotating toothed
cylinder carried in suitable bearings at each end on the axis of such
screws or worm. Extending outside the casing is fixed what is technically
termed a step pulley mounted on the spindle of the toothed roller, the latter
communicating motion to the former by means of a strap, their relative
speeds being varied by removing the strap from step to step of such pullies; at
the upper side of the casing or box, and at one end thereof, is fixed the hopper
to receive the corn or other grain to be ground, the same being fitted with
suitable slides for stopping or regulating the admission of corn or other
matters to the grinding surfaces; at the other end, and on the lower part of
the casing, is formed a spout for the delivery of the corn after being ground.
The bearings of the metal roller before mentioned are supported in brackets
east upon the box or casing, which bearings can be moved therein. An
eccentric projection is formed in the centre of the length of each of the bear-
ings, and by revolving the bearings within the brackets (by means of a screw
or other suitable contrivance) the metal roller is moved towards or from the
fixed toothed breastwork or concave bofore mentioned at pleasure.
The process of grinding is as follows:-The corn or other matters are
conducted from the hopper to a portion of the breastwork near one end,
against which the metal roller partly crushes it, and it is further carried
round by the revolving roller to the screw chamber above, where it comes in
contact with the screw or worm, which carries it a certain distance in a longi-
tudinal direction in proportion to its speed; it is then again caught by the
roller and crushed against the fixed breastwork or concave and so on, the
grain being gradually carried towards the delivery end, the process being
repeated fifteen, twenty, or thirty times, or it may even be divided into a
greater number of stages and times if required, in proportion to the speed of
the screw or worm, which can be varied at pleasure, as before described.
When it is desirable to move one end of the roller to a position more or less
concentric to the box only the bearings and projection in the centre thereof
are formed square in section and are actuated by set screws within a square
socket formed at the end of the casing.
To work the grinding mill by horse power I construct and apply gearing as
follows: At some distance from the mill I firmly fix an iron box, on the

page_text: centre of which a hollow vertical main shaft carrying two discs revolves in
two suitable bearings; into the discs are fitted two spur or idle, wheels,
one on each side of the centre of the main shaft; these wheels take on one
side of their diameter into an annular cog ring encircling the whole and fixed
to the interior of the box and framework; on the other side of their diameter
(that towards the main axis) they take into a small cog wheel keyed upon a
spindle turning in the centre of the hollow shaft, in the lower part of which
is fitted a bevil wheel driving a pinion on a horizontal shaft, the motion of
which is communicated by jointed spindles (in the usual way of horse gear)
to the driving wheel of the mill. This horse gear or apparatus is applicable
for driving by horse or cattle power as a substitute for and improvement in
ordinary horse gear.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick William Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th Septen ber 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WILLIAM TURNER, of Linslade Works, Linslade, in the County of Bucks,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Vietoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederick William Turner,. Her special licence that I, the said Frederick
William Turner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others. as
I, the said Frederick William Turner, my executors, administrators, and assigns
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise; and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CORN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND
IN HORSE GEAR OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING THE SAME, WHICH HORSE GEAR IS ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR DRIVING OTHER MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederick William Turner, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the

page_text: same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick William Turner, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Two Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for grinding corn and
vegetable or mineral substances by metal mills driven by horse, steam, or
other power, and consists, first, in the employment of a serrated metal roller
of considerable length mounted upon a spindle and revolving in adjustable
bearings, hereafter described, and working within an iron box or casing made
in two parts firmly bolted together. In the interior of this box or casing a
bard serrated metal breastwork is fixed with suitable bolts extending the whole
length of the box or casing, but occupying only one side thereof. This breast-
work is made in two or more pieces, so that either can be detached separately
and repaired in case of injury from pieces of iron stone or other hard extra-
neous substance. The general form of the box is cylindrical, and concentric
or nearly so with the enclosed toothed roller, but has at the upper part an ex-
tension throughout its length, forming what I term the screw chamber, in which
a screw or worm revolves in close proximity to the rotating toothed cylinder or
roller; it is carried in suitable bearings at each end on the axis of such screw
or worm. Extending outside the casing is fixed what is technically termed a
step pulley, opposite to this is a similar step pulley mounted on the spindle of
the grooved or serrated roller, the latter communicating motion to the former
by means of a strap, their relative speeds being varied as required by removing
the strap from step to step of such pullies, as well understood. At the upper
side of the casing or box, and at one end thereof, is fixed the hopper to receive
the corn or other matters to be ground, the same being fitted with a suitable
slide or slides and feed roller for stopping or regulating the admission of corn
or other matters to the grinding surfaces, and on the lower part of casing
are formed spouts for the delivery of the corn after being ground. The bear-
ings of the metal grinding roller before mentioned are supported in brackets
cast upon the box or casing, which bearings can be moved therein. An
eccentric projection being formed in the centre of the length of each of the
bearings; by revolving the bearings within the brackets by means of pinions of
a quadrant cast upon such bearings and mounted on a longitudinal spindle
carried in bearings at either end the metal roller is moved towards or from

page_text: the fixed toothed breastwork or concave before mentioned at pleasure, in
order to grind coarser or finer.
The process of grinding is as follows:-The corn or other matters are
conducted from the hopper to a portion of the breastwork near one end,
against which the metal roller partly crushes it, and during which it is carried
round by the revolving roller to the screw chamber above, where it comes
into contact with the screw or worm; this carries it a certain distance in a
longitudinal direction in proportion to the speed of the screw, it is then again
caught by the roller and crushed against the fixed breastwork or concave, and
so on, the grain being gradually carried towards the delivery end, the process
being repeated fifteen, twenty, or thirty times, or it may even be divided into
a greater number of stages and times if required, and which will be regulated
by the relative speeds of the screw or worm and crushing cylinder, which can
be varied at pleasure, as before described. If it is desirable to move one end
of the roller only to a position more or less eccentric to the box the bearings
and projection in the centre thereof are formed square in section and are
adjusted by set screws within a square socket formed at the end of the
casing.
To work the grinding mill by horse power I construct and apply gearing as
follows: At some distance from the mill I firmly fix an iron box, in the
centre of which a hollow vertical main shaft carrying two discs or double
arms revolves in two suitable bearings. Into the discs are fitted two or more
idle spur toothed wheels on each side the centre of main shaft; these wheels
take on one side of their diameter into an annular cog ring encircling the
whole and fixed to the interior of box and framework; on the other side of
their diameter (that towards the main axis) they take into a small cog wheel
keyed upon a spindle turning in the centre of the hollow shaft, on the lower
part of which is fitted a bevil wheel driving a pinion on a horizontal shaft, the
motion of which is communicated by jointed spindles (in the usual way of
horse gear) with the driving wheel of the mill. This horse-gear or apparatus
is applicable for driving by horse or cattle power as a substitute for and
improvement in ordinary horse gear.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.

page_text: grinding roller; while Fig. 6 represents a face view of the grinding surface
detached.
A is the outer casing or cylinder formed in two pieces united at the junc-
tions a, a, by suitable bolts; B is the grinding roller or cylinder of hard
serrated metal, as well understood in metal grinding mills, it is mounted on
the shaft or axis b, by which it is driven, axis 6 being fitted into an adjustable
bearing 6', which is supported by an eccentric d formed thereon, which eccentric
is fitted in the main bearings D, D, (there being one at either end); C is the
concave or toothed breast or grinding surface of hard serrated metal fixed to
case A; E, E, are arms extending from 6, 6, carrying toothed quadrants
which gear into pinions e, e, fixed on a hand-wheel shaft T carrying a hand
wheel S, by which it may be partially rotated, the action being to move the
eccentrics d, d, simultaneously in their bearings, and so cause the cylinder B
to approach closer to or recede from the concave C, and so to regulate the
coarser or finer working of the mill, or may even be used for splitting beans
and peas; F is the feed-regulating screw enclosed in the extension A' of
case A; G, G, speed pulleys for communicating motion from shaft 6 to screw F;
H, pulley fixed on the other end of spindle of screw F, communicating motion
by strap to pulley I, fixed on the axis of the feed roller i, which roller enters
the feed from the supply hopper P; K is the pulley to receive main driving
belt by which the mill receives motion; R is the regulating slide; and O, the
fly wheel fixed on axis b. The case A is furnished with two spouts X and V
for the delivery of the material operated on, the one X, being at the same end
of the mill as the supply hopper P, will deliver the ground materials after
passing once round the grinding cylinder, and will be used for coarse grinding
or for splitting purposes; on the other hand, the spout V is at the opposite
end of the mill from hopper P, consequently the materials under operation
must pass from one end of the grinding cylinder to the other, in the course of
which they will be carried many times round the cylinder B, and which will
be regulated more or less by the action of the feed-regulating screw F, as
before explained, this screw having the effect of advancing the materials under
operation more or less at each time they are thrown up into the cavity in
which screw F is situate.
To render the progress of the materials more regular and certain I cast or
otherwise form ribs j, j, at intervals round the interior of case A, such ribs or s
projections may either be in a plane, transverse, and at right angles to the
axis of cylinder B or inclined thereto, as may be desired, in either case the
materials entering between any. two ribs i would remain between them while
passing round the cylinder B, but on arriving at screw chamber would be

page_text: carried forward a stage, and thence pass round in the adjoining space between
the like ribs, and so on towards the delivery end of the mill, its progress in
that direction being more or less delayed according to the greater or less
fineness of the grinding to be accomplished. I mount the mill on wheels L
and axle M for portability, and furnish it with shafts N for traction by horse,
said shafts being mounted on fulcra at Q and provided with a shifting bolt, by
which they may either be fixed to the quadrant arm Z, and by means of stakes
driven in the ground at N³, as seen in line and dotted in Fig. 1, accordingly
as the machine may be in work or is being transported, and so that in either
circumstance the machine may be kept in an upright position.
Fig. 7 represents a central vertical section of the box and horse-driving
gear arranged according to my Invention, while Fig. 8 is a horizontal section
of same on line 1, 2, Fig. 7. h is the main axis mounted in bearings i, i¹,
the one in the top of the containing box 1, the other in a cross bar ¹; at the
lower part thereof m is the cross head fixed on axis h, by which a horse or
horses rotate it. Of a piece with the axis h, or fixed thereto, are two sup-
porting dises or pieces p, p, in connection with each other by parts p', p', best
scen in section Fig. 8, discs p', p', are furnished with bearings to support the
axes fixed in the idle wheels q, q. The idle wheels q, q, gear on the one hand
with a stationary ring of teeth r fixed at four corners of the box l, and on the
other hand with the pinion s in the centre fixed on shaft u; shaft u bears in
and rotates freely on axis h above, while below it is stepped into a step
bearing; shaft u has fixed on it a wheel w, which is rotated by the motion
given to pinion s by the idle wheels; wheel w is geared with a pinion y on the
shaft z, by which motion is derived and transmitted to any purpose desired,
and as well understood. By this arrangement a bearing is provided at top
and bottom for the main shaft h, and which is also the case with the axes of
the idle wheels. The containing box is placed and bolted to balks of timber
disposed on the ground, while the whole apparatus is kept low and snug.
This horse gear is applicable for driving grinding mills, or for any other
purpose where driving by horse power is required.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the arrangement and combination of parts constituting a mill for
grinding grain and other matters characterized by the feeding screw and
auxiliary parts, and by the arrangements for operating the grinding cylinder
in order to the adjustment of its proximity to the concave, all as herein-before
described.

page_text: Secondly, the particular construction and arrangement of the parts of horse
gear herein-before described and represented in Figs. 7 and 8 of the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Turner, bave hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
FREDERICK WILLIAM TURNER. (L.S.)