matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR HAIR STUFFING AND MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME FROM VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1868.-A communication from abroad by Nathan
W. Blanchard, of Dutch Flat, California, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR HAIR STUFFING AND MODE
OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME FROM VEGETABLE FIBRES," a communication,
to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists chiefly in so treating the fibre of the
plant known as the "soap plant" as to convert or manufacture it
into the proper form for being used as a substitute for common curled
hair as a stuffing for mattresses, the seats and backs of lounges, sofas,
chairs, and for other like purposes. The plant is first separated into
fibres by means of a picker or other suitable device, after which it
is boiled for two hours or more or less as may be necessary in an

page_text: alkaline solution which consists preferably of forty gallons of potash
dissolved in twenty gallons of water for every twenty pounds of fibre.
The said fibre is then washed in clear cold water, and after being dried
is spun or twisted into a rope or cord. It is then steamed for about
one hour and again dried and picked by hand or otherwise, when it
is ready for use. I do not limit myself to any one kind of alkali,
although potash has been found to answer the purpose of my Invention.
The fibre of the "soap plant" treated in the manner above described
is exceedingly elastic, strong, and durable, and forms a cheap stuffing
in every respect equal to the ordinary curled hair.
INPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COATING WIRE WITH INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Heasler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1868.
I, WILLIAM HEASLER, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "INPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR COATING WIRE WITH INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA, AND OTHER
MATERIALS FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements are as follows:-Upon each end of a shaft
extending the whole length of the machine I key a toothed wheel, each
being of the same size. The shaft on which these wheels are keyed.
carries a pulley round which a band passes driven from any prime mover,
whereby rotary motion is communicated to the shaft, or it may be driven
by hand. The toothed wheel on the further end of the shaft is in gear
with another but smaller wheel on a shaft revolving in and supported by
a standard and carrying a frame supporting a drum round which the
wire to be coated is wound, the other end of this frame is connected to a
hollow shaft through which the wire after being first carried over a
guide pulley is led, the hollow shaft being supported by and revolving in
a standard. The wire after passing through the hollow shaft receives

page_text: the gutta percha, india-rubber, silk, or other material from a grooved
wheel or wheels at the side or sides and is laid on as the wire passes.
The insulating or other material thus laid on, the covered wire passes
through another hollow shaft which is united to a frame with another
shaft at the other end carrying a toothed wheel in gear with the first
toothed wheel on the main driving shaft, and by this means rotary
motion is communicated to the two shafts and the wire. The latter
frame carries a drum round which the coated wire is coiled. The drum
revolves with the frame and at the same time revolves on its own axis
by means of a fixed pulley with a strap or band passing round it to
another pulley on a spindle supported by brackets connected to the
frame carrying the drum; a worm wheel in gear with a toothed wheel on
the drum spindle communicates the motion to the drum, so that as the
drum revolves with the frame it also rotates on its own axis, and in this
manner not only twists the wire, but at the same time draws it when
coated round its circumference.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR BUTTONS, STUDS, SOLITAIRES, BROOCHES, AND OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH SUCH FASTENING MAY BE APPLIED
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Arnold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1868.
I, ALFRED ARNOLD, of Birmingham, in the County. of. Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR BUTTONS, STUDS, SOLITAIRES, BROOCHES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES TO WHICH SUCH FASTENING MAY BE APPLIED," to be as follows, that is...
to say:
This Invention consists in forming the one part of the fastening.
termed the back portion with a: socket or. section of a tube secured to
or upon a plate of suitable form or attached to the body of the article,.
and it may be formed with a. collar or bead upon its end. or. with a
trumpet mouth, if desired..
The second part or fastening piece consists of a shank secured to or
5 upon a plate or stud or to a portion of the article,, and it is formed..
with a swell, bead, or ball-shaped end, and is also split up from its..
bottom or ball-shaped end towards the top or head so as to act as a
spring and pass into the socket or tube upon the back plate, thus-
effecting the fastening of the two parts or ends of the article required

page_text: to be secured. To free or disconnect the two parts it is merely requisite
to pull each end with a slight degree of force, which will cause the split
shank to slide out of the socket or tube.
These fastenings may be formed wholly of metal or a combination of
metals, and ivory, bone, or other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS
Year: 1868

page_text: I, CHARLES KELSON, of Allhallows Chambers, 49, Lombard Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing collars hollow and of a
semi-shell shape form. The collar is rendered much lighter and its
elasticity greatly increased by constructing the same with numerous
perforations. These may be either circular, oblong, or of any other form
that the taste of the manufacturer may suggest. Within the concavities

page_text: of the collar plates are secured the rein eye and also the tracc clip.
These may be secured by independent bearings or attached to a
"hame bow" in the ordinary manner, in which case the hames are
permanently secured to the collar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Metcalf and Thomas
Longfellow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th June 1868.
We, THOMAS METCALF and THOMAS LONGFELLOW, both of Shipley, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to prevent the breakage of warp threads
by reason of the shuttle stopping short of the shuttle box. To effect
this when the shuttle fails to reach the box and remains in the "shed,"
in consequence of the absence of its pressure upon the ordinary "swell"
at the back of the shuttle box (which is connected with the "swell" at
the other end of the loom by a connecting rod having its bearings upon
the "going part") and under the "going part," a catch lever on the
outer end of the slay lath rod is caused to act upon a vertical fork
having its fulcrum upon a stud connected to the side frame of the loom,
such fork lever being connected to a spring, the end of which is attached
to some fixed point. This action causes the slay lath, which is also
connected by levers to the slay lath rod before named, to open towards

page_text: the back of the loom, thus giving the slay itself freer liberty to go back
upon pressure of the shuttle in the "shed" as the going part approaches
the portion of the piece already woven, and we form a recess in the
back of the shuttle box near either side of the "shed," such recess
being fitted with a trap door and capable of falling flat when the shuttle
has not reached the end of its box, thus allowing the shuttle to get out
of the way, and to prevent the breakage of warp threads. This door is
kept in position when the shuttle works right by means of a foot lever
keyed upon the slay lath rod, such foot lever being operated upon
through another lever on the other end of the slay lath rod, which is
retained in position by a spring fixed to the back of the going part. The
fork lever arrangement referred to before is now used to release the foot
lever and allow the shuttle to slide on the door when it has not reached
its box. At this juncture a lever keyed on to the slay lath rod and
provided with a toe presses upon a vertical lever, the upper end of which
rests in a notch in the front part of the shuttle box nearest the hand
stop rod. Upon such pressure being applied the vertical lever is thrown
out and pulled by a spring connected to it in a direction at right angles
to its previous motion. To this lever is connected under the shuttle box
and at right angles a wedge-formed piece of metal, which presses upon
a friction pulley on the top of a bell-cranked lever, which in turn is
attached to or caused to press upon the break lever of the loom, and
thus cause it to stop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKETS, MINIATURE BRACELETS, AND MINIATURE BROOCHES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Myers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1868.
I, WALTER MYERS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jewellers' Factor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKETS, MINIATURE BRACELETS, AND MINIATURE
BROOCHES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application to lockets, miniature
bracelets, and miniature brooches of a fastening closing by a spring,
but requiring a key to open it, the object of my Invention being to
prevent the opening of the locket, bracelet, or brooch, excepting by
the owner or other person to whom the key may have been entrusted..
In constructing the said lockets, bracelets, and brooches, according
to my Invention I attach to one of the edges a fixed. catch,,and to
the other edge I connect by means of a spring another catch, which
catches on the closing of the two parts, engage with one another. and
secure the said two parts together. To the spring carrying one of the
said catches an arm is fixed, and on the front of that side of the locket,

page_text: bracelet, or brooch carrying the spring catch is a keyhole. By inserting
the key into the said keyhole and turning it, it acts on the arm described
and presses back the spring, thereby disengaging the spring catch on
one edge from the fixed catch on the other edge, and permitting the
locket, bracelet, or brooch to open.
I do not confine myself to the details described, as the details may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR PROPELLING OR SHUNTING CARRIAGES AND GOODS TRUCKS ON LOCOMOTIVE RAILWAYS, AND ESPECIALLY AT RAILWAY STATIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Burn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1868.
I, CHARLES BURN, of 3, Middle Scotland Yard, in the City of West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR PROPELLING
OR SHUNTING CARRIAGES AND GOODS TRUCKS ON LOCOMOTIVE RAILWAYS, AND
ESPECIALLY AT RAILWAY STATIONS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the moving, or "shunting."
of passenger carriages and goods trucks on locomotive railways, especially:
at railway stations by manual power, and thereby avoiding horse power
now generally adopted for that purpose. I accomplish this in the
following, manner :-A cog wheel is fixed on to one or all of the axles.
of the carriages or trucks, or an iron rim or disc furnished with cogs is
fixed to one or all of the wheels themselves. A pinion wheel is. fixed to.
the frame of the carriage or truck, the cogs of which when in. gear fit
into the cogs of the cog wheel or disc. To the axle of the pinion wheel
is fitted a lever or handle, which handle_being caused to revolve, by
manual power communicates a circular motion to the pinion wheel,,and. -

page_text: from that to the cog wheel or disc, thereby causing the wheel and axle
of the railway carriage or truck to revolve on to which it is fixed, and
so propels the carriage or truck. The cogs may be cut, cast, or otherwise
fixed on to the outside of the rim or periphery of the cog wheel or disc,
or they may be cut, cast, or fixed on to the internal surface, or on to its
side, as may be found most desirable. When the machine is not required
to act the pinion wheel may be thrown out of gear by a lateral or
vertical motion dependant upon the relative position of the pinion wheel
and the cog wheel or disc, and by any of the usual methods.
AN IMPROVED WOVEN FABRIC
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1868. A communication from abroad by Antoine Gayet, the
younger, of Paris, Merchant.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED WOVEN FABRIC," (a communication to me-
from abroad by Antoine Gayet, the younger, of Paris, Merchant,) to be
as follows:
This Invention consists principally in the novel combination of a
woven fabric in which the warp threads are of any ordinary fibrous
material or metallic threads, and the weft of fibres of the aloe, more
commonly called Manilla or vegetable silk. This fabric presents a new
effect and may be substituted advantageously for straw plait. This result
is obtained by spacing out in any convenient manner. the warp threads
with which the weft, composed of four, six, or other convenient number:
of Manilla fibres placed flat side by side, is interwoven.. This effect
is produced in the loom either by hand or by power, and the appearance
may be varied according as the weft contains a greater or less number

page_text: of fibres and as the warp threads are set nearer to or further from each
other, and the fabric may be either woven in the loom plain or with
an ornamental pattern, as is well understood by weavers, or it may be
ornamented or embroidered by hand with the needle or by machine, and
may be of any color or combination of colors, and the material used for
ornamenting or embroidering the improved fabric may be of any suitable
kind, such as silk, cotton, wool, hair, velvet, chenille, gold, silver, or
copper threads, and the like, and the colors of the ground and the pat-
tern may be either alike or different. The warp threads also may be
made of any suitable fibrous or textile material, or of metallic threads
covered or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR CALCINING LIMESTONE, ORES, AND MINERALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Philip Cotton and John
Lionel Lyster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th December 1868.
We, CHARLES PHILIP COTTON, and JOHN LIONEL LYSTER, both of the
City of Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR CALCINING LIMESTONE, ORES, AND MINERALS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the description of kilns known as draw kilns.
In the ordinary draw kilns the material intended to be burnt and the
fuel are both supplied at the top of the kiln. Now our Invention
consists first in constructing the kiln so that the fuel is introduced
about or below the middle thereof, and secondly in an improved shape
of kiln.
In a kiln constructed according to our Invention the upper part of
the chamber of the kiln may be of any usual shape, elliptical, cylindrical,
conical, or otherwise. At a certain point, say about one-third the entire
height of the kiln from the bottom, the chamber suddenly expands
below this point, and from this expanded portion it becomes gradually
narrower down to the draw hole or bars. This expansion may be

page_text: effected in various ways, for example by a circular iron plate to support
the projecting brickwork or stonework, or by a curved recess turned
in fire-brick, or by the recess being formed in large blocks of stone
capable of withstanding the heat of the kiln. From or above this
recess or expanded portion to the exterior of the kiln a set or row of
tubes or other openings of fire-clay or iron are laid through the
brickwork or stonework forming the casing of the kiln and through
which the fuel is introduced. These tubes or openings may be
horizontal, but they are by preference made to slope upwards from
the recess to the outside of the kiln. Other tubes or openings for the
admission of air may be introduced above or below the recess.
the tubes or openings may be provided with covers or stoppers so as
to allow the draught to be regulated.
All
AN IMPROVED MODE OR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LAYING FOG SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Platts, William Tate;.
and William Henry Bailey at the Office of the: Commissioners: of.
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th January 1868.
We, GEORGE PLATTS, of the Borough of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Agent,. WILLIAM TATE,. of the Township of Salford;; in the
County of Lancaster;. Agent, and WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of Salford,
aforesaid, Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LAYING
FOG SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of an apparatus
to be attached temporarily or permanently to a railway carriage, wagon,
engine, or other vehicle used on a railroad for the purpose of laying
fog signals upon the metals or rails for signalling for any purpose
from such railway carriage, wagon, engine, or other vehicle whilst in
motion, and consists of a hollow trunk or tube of any suitable shape,
and constructed of any suitable material, and either bent round at its
bottom extremity or opening out into an open bottomed channel fitted
with a slide plate so arranged that any number of fog signals may be

page_text: stored in the trunk or tube, and only one, two, or more discharged at
a time by means of levers and rods conveniently disposed upon the
apparatus and connected with the slide plate so as to open and close
it when required. The apparatus is affixed either temporarily or per-
manently to such railway carriage, wagon, engine, or other vehicle
behind the rear wheels, and projects down sufficiently near the rails to
allow the bent end or open bottom channel to be directly over and to
cover the centre of the metals or rails, and the top of the trunk or tube
will be open into the interior of such vehicle or be in a suitable position
to be communicated with by the guard or other official in charge.
The mode of using this apparatus may be thus described. When it is
required to lay a fog signal upon the metals or rails, as a 'quantity of
such fog signals are stored in the trunk or tube ready to be discharged,
it is only necessary to withdraw the slide plate by means of the
actuating mechanism, when one of the fog signals will fall into the
channel, the sides of which channel will guide such fog signal in its
descent so as to cause it to remain upon the metals or rails, and thus
be ready to signal to the next train. It will thus be obvious that this
Invention is calculated in a great measure to dispense with the laying
of fog signals on the metals by hand, which is always attended with
danger to the official whose duty it is to lay them, and this Invention
opens out a means of signalling in cases of danger which will be
found to be of great service.
A PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT DECOMPOSITION OF NEUTRAL FATTY SUBSTANCES POR THE MANUFACTURE OF STEARINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Emil Borgen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1868.-A. communication from abroad by Johan
Christian August Bock, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark.
I, ADOLPH EMIL BORGEN, of Corn Exchange Chambers, Seething Lane;.
in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT DECOMPOSITION OF NEUTRAL FATTY
SUBSTANCES POR THE MANUFACTURE OF STEARINE," a communication from
abroad by Johan Christian August Bock, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom.
of Denmark :-
According to this Invention the fatty substances are melted and treated"
mechanically with sulphuric acid of 66° to 68° Beaumé more or less,
after which they are boiled with water by which the oxide of glyceryl is..
separated therefrom in, a hydrated form, as glyceryl water, or sulphate
of glyceryl, and the- fatty substances separate by themselves, but still
contain traces of sulphuric acid or rather chemical compounds of the..
two acids, sulphur stearine acid, sulphurclaïn acid, sulphurpalmitin acid;,

page_text: afterwards they are repeatedly washed in water until they cease to con-
tain any trace of sulphuric acid for the finest reaction. By these means
the fatty acids become clean and are in a fit condition to be pressed;
they are then cold pressed, warm pressed, and finished in the usual
way, the melting point of fatty acids thus obtained is 49°, and they
present 74% of concrete acids. These mixed fatty acids yield about 95%
of tallow, and thus comparatively nothing is wasted or lost.
The above method is superior to saponification with lime and produces
fine hard white transparent stearine with a melting point of 58° to 61°
Celsius, the glycerine is retained and high temperatures avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WASHING LINEN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Criddle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1868.
I, WILLIAM JAMES CRIDDLE, of Truro, in the County of Cornwall,
Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR WASHING LINEN AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention rolates to an improved mode of washing linen and other
materials or substances, and to apparatus for effecting the same.
In the copper or other capacity in which the linen is boiled I place a
perforated false bottom provided with a central vertical tube of suitable
size communicating with the space below the false bottom; this tube is
surmounted by a cap provided with radiating nozzle pipes, which pipes
may also be fixed, if desired, at the top of the central vertical tube. I
place the linen or other material to be washed on the perforated false
bottom above mentioned as contained in the vessel and under the nozzle
pipes. The boiler or vessel being supplied with water and soap or other
suitable detergent placed in the vertical tube or below the false bottom

page_text: heat is applied from below, when the boiling water will rise in the
central tube and then descend by means of the radiating nozzles on to
the linen or other substance, through which it passes and also through
the perforations in the false bottom to the space below, where it is again
heated and rises in the central tube as before. In this manner a
constant circulation of hot water is maintained, which with the aid
of the soap or other detergent effects the cleansing purpose desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BATTERIES FOR SHIPS OF WAR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Colby Mackrow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1868.
I, GEORGE COLBY MACKROW, of the Thames Iron Works, Orchard
Yard, Blackwall, in the County of Middlesex, Naval Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BATTERIES FOR SHIPS OF WAR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing the batteries of ships of war
with faces or angular parts placed at forty-five degrees from a fore
and aft line, and in providing the said faces or angular parts with
gun ports. I thus attain the object of my Invention, namely, that the
guns in such ports may be trained through angles of ninety degrees
and upwards, so that even with two guns working in conjunction a
converging fire may be obtained in any direction, either ahead, astern,
or broadside.
For the purpose of clearly illustrating my Invention I append to
this Provisional Specification a Drawing showing the plan of
gun boat having a midship battery B formed in the manner herein-
above described (with angular parts or faces A.) for the purpose of

page_text: working two heavy guns capable of being trained round so as to
converge either forward or aft or on the broadside. This will be
evident by reference to the lines of fire in the Drawing, which
lines if extended will be found to converge to one point in either
direction. It will be seen further that my plan also offers this
advantage, namely, that the guns when firing are thrown well on to
the middle line of the vessel, which will reduce the heeling very
considerably. In larger vessels I propose to use two or more such
batteries, which may either be joined together or placed separately;
if joined together the athwartship parts or bulkheads may be omitted,
so as to afford communication fore and aft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wilson Morrell and
Phinehas Craven at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st January 1868.
We, ROBERT WILSON MORRELL and PHINE HAS CRAVEN, of Bradford,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of producing a drag upon the yarn
when being wound upon the bobbin, tube, or cop, and the object is to
obtain a greater uniformity in such drag or a more equal tension on
the yarn during the process of spinning or doubling, whereby an equal
quality of yarn may be produced at a quicker rate or speed than
heretofore. For this purpose we employ wings or vanes which are
caused to rotate on an axis and act upon the atmosphere, which will
produce a certain amount of friction or retardation thereon according
to the speed at which they rotate, or according to the size of the said
wings or vanes. These wings or vanes (by preference) we attach to
the arms of a new form or construction of flyer which we call a "rider."
The said arms of this flyer are formed hollow on one side to guide

page_text: and support the yarn in its passage from the ordinary guide eye to
the bobbin, tube, or cop, and the two arms are connected by a ring.
The said flyer is free to rotate on the spindle, and is prevented from
being forced or thrown off by a catch entering a groove formed in the
spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POULTRY HOUSES OR COOPS, AND THE NESTS AND FEEDING PANS THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Shaw Bent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
June 1868.
I, SAMUEL SHAW BENT, of Portchester, in the State of New York,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POULTRY HOUSES OR COOPS, AND THE NESTS
AND FEEDING PANS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make the coop or house, the nests,
and the feeding pans wholly or partially of iron, in such a manner as
to ensure cleanliness and freedom from the lice and vermin usually
found upon chickens and other poultry, and at the same time to protect
the poultry from rats, foxes, and other aninals. I make the coop or
house of cast-iron plates with long narrow openings and with doors at
convenient positions. These plates may form the entire sides or only be
used as end or side plates connected by wooden panels or boarding.
The lower part of the iron plates is left with openings for allowing the
small chickens to pass in and out, and these openings are provided with
a cover or slide by which they are closed at night to keep the rats and
other animals out of the coop or house. Such a house or coop may be

page_text: made as a fixture of any size or as a small portable coop for a hen with
her brood. The feeding troughs are made of cast metal and galvanised
or otherwise protected from rust, and are formed with two sections, one
for food and the other for water, they can be readily transported for
filling or cleaning, and can also be employed as stoppers for placing at
night in the openings at the bottom of the iron plates. The nests are
made of cast iron in the shape of boxes, with rounded corners, with a
landing shelf at the front of each for the hen to alight upon, and a
broad rounded edge for stepping upon, the sides extending up with open
work for ventilation, but preventing the interference of one hen with
another. These nests are to be hung up in rows against a partition and
in that partition are openings with moveable covers so that the nests
can be examined and eggs can be taken out of the same from the
outside, the necessity of coming into the coop or house being thereby
avoided.
AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR PROTECTING TROUSERS FROM MUD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arthur Warner Sleigh
and Annie Pye at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st April 1868.-A communication from
abroad by Henri Fritz Fritch, of Senlis, Oise, France..
We, WILLIAM ARTHUR WARNER SLEIGH, of Bayswater, in the County
of Middlesex, Esquire, and ANNIE PYE, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Widow, temporarily resident at Howard Street, Strand, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPLIANCE FOR PROTECTING TROUSERS FROM MUD," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to keep the lower ends of the legs
of trousers out of the mud and to prevent mud splashing them.
The Invention consists of an appliance to be fitted to the heel of
the boot or shoe. This appliance is composed of two curved plates
the back ends of which are pivoted together and slightly overlap each
other. The inner curve of the two plates corresponds with the curve or
round of the heel which they embrace at its connection with the upper.
The front ends of the plates are connected together by a cord or strip

page_text: this cord and one or
of elastic material which causes them to grasp the heel tightly;
more pins
more pins or spikes on the plates passed into
secure the appliance to the boot or shoe. The
the back of the heel
plates may have one or more studs on their upper side at the back
to keep the trouser legs against the back of the boot or nearly so. 5
It is preferred to make the under side of the plates concave.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE SHAPING OF WOOD AND MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewthwaite at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1868.
I, JOHN LEWTHWAITE, of the Town of Bury, in the County of
Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE SHAPING OF WOOD AND
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in shaping machinery.
adapted for the cutting of wood or similar material for the purpose of
producing accurate forms in clog soles, patten boards, sweeps and
patterns used in mechanical and other drawing, oars and sculls for
rowing, spokes for wheels, blocks, barrel heads and staves, and other.
irregular forms in which duplicates, are required, or multiplication of
parts or numbers, the object being to obtain exact similarity; and for
this purpose I use cutters of various kinds fitted to machines, putting.
them in motion by animal, steam, or other power with the requisite.
degree of rapidity. And the form to work by is produced by a metal,
wood, or other pattern or cam, which revolves either on a vertical or

page_text: horizontal axis, and thus guides the article to the cutters in a similar
form; the pressure against the cutters being induced by a descending
weight or weights, or by a spring or springs so arranged that the cutters
only work with the grain, one cutter working till it reaches the cross
grain when it ceases to cut, and the work is taken up by the opposite
cutter, which thus works with the grain, and a similar smooth surface
is produced without what is called splintering or spaltering; and in
some cases when I can apply great speed to one cutter I dispense with
the second, because with some classes of wood a true and smooth surface
can be produced without roughness against the grain. And when I use
weights for the purpose of keeping the revolving cutters up to their
work on the article to be shaped, I cause the weight to descend by the
force of gravity attached to a cord or chain over a pulley, continuing to
descend till the cutting is complete; and when I use springs they are
made to operate in a similar manner, the force of elasticity being
substituted for that of gravity.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING HELIOGRAPHIC PLATES FOR PRINTING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
July 1868. A communication from abroad by Hyacinthe de Font
Réaulx and Amédée Barret, both of Paris, in the Empire of.
France.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1; Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow, Civil:
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING HELIOGRAPHIC PLATES
FOR PRINTING," (a communication to me from abroad by Hyacinthe de
Font Réaulx and Amédée Barret, both. of Paris, in the. Empire of
France,) to be as follows:-
One of the greatest difficulties of heliographic engraving has been to.
obtain flat surfaces. having the grain or rough or hatched ground
necessary for printing. To attain this object various experiments have
been obtained, but none of them have given satisfactory results.
According to this Invention the desired result is obtained in the
following manner :- Firstly, a positive or negative of the object desired

page_text: to be reproduced (whether a picture, landscape, portrait, or other subject)
is to be obtained in any known manner. The next process is to place
behind this positive or negative a sheet of glass, either ground, lined,
or otherwise marked with any design, or wire gauze, woven fabric, or
other substance capable of giving by transmitted light the ap-
pearance of hatching or grains, square or round stippling, or other
desired effect, and then take a photographic proof therefrom by trans-
mitted light; or the photograph of the grain or hatching may be taken
first, and then placed behind the photographic plate to be reproduced.
The quality or texture of the grains or hatchings, whether fine or coarse,
may be varied by altering or changing the model by means of which
they are obtained.
When the photographic proof of the subject with the hatched or
stippled effect has been obtained as above described a very thin coating
of bichromatized gelatine is to be poured carefully over the surface to
impregnate the collodion therewith; then a second coating of the same,
much thicker, the thickness of the latter varying according to the
amount of relief desired to be obtained. After desiccation it is exposed
to light and then immersed in water. The image or picture is repre-
sented by reliefs and depressions. The gelatine is then to be removed
and transferred to another flat surface. For this purpose the gelatinized
plate is to be immersed for several hours in a bath of tepid water to
which a small quantity of glycerine or sugar has been added. The
gelatinous surface is then to be rendered conducting by metallizing it by
any known means in order to obtain therefrom by the galvano-plastic
process a plate capable of yielding a great number of impressions equal
in appearance to those produced by actual engraving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORTICATING SEEDS AND OIL NUTS AND MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marsh Day at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1868.
I, JOHN MARSH DAY, of Trinity Square, Southwark, in the County.
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORTICATING SEEDS AND OIL NUTS AND
MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in decorticating or
removing the shells or husks of seed or oil nuts and in the machinery
employed, whereby the process of bolting is rendered more perfect and
rapid than by any method hitherto practised, it being impossible by
this Invention to injure the seed or nuts to be operated upon.
I propose to erect a table on standards which contain a horizontal
stone wheel set on a vertical shaft and operated by a treddle and
bevil toothed gearing, or by a crank handle or steam power. The upper
surface of this wheel is grooved or channelled to a slight depth in
the form of a star, that is to say, with radii tapering in width from
the centre to the periphery of the stone, which must be set in a per-
fectly horizontal plane, and made to rotate without altering the position

page_text: of such plane. The table carries four uprights connected by cross
bars, from which four screws descend to an iron plate or disc, the
under surface of which is provided with a corresponding disc or sheet of
vulcanized india-rubber about in. thick attached to the iron plate,
both being thereby secured in a fixed position above the stone exactly
parallel thereto and nearly in contact, the elevation of the india-
rubber being regulated by the screws. A hopper is fixed at the top of
the machine by which the seeds or nuts are fed to the decorticating
wheels, and the revolution of the stone wheel in conjunction with the
fixed disc of india-rubber will be found effectual in removing the
husks or shells without in any way breaking the seeds or nuts. The
pressure of the india-rubber being sufficient to afford the necessary
friction to the seeds or nuts for removing the husks or shells and
avoiding injury to the contents, the pressure to which they are subjected
being constantly limited by the distance of the india-rubber from the
decorticating stone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRUNCHEONS USED BY POLICE AND OTHER COUNSTABLES AND PERSONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Williams Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st January 1868.
I, CHARLES WILLIAMS BROWN, of Gloucester Villas, Upper Lewisham
Road, New Cross, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRUNCHEONS
USED BY POLICE AND OTHER COUNSTABLES AND PERSONS," to be as follows:-
The mode heretofore commonly practised of constructing truncheons
used by police and other counstables and persons has been to pass a
piece of leather or other strong material through a hole made through
the handle of the truncheon near the bottom thereof, such said piece
of leather being passed around the wrist of the counstable or other
person using the truncheon for the purpose of preventing the truncheon
from being wrested out of his hand, or attempted to be, and by which
many counstables have had their wrists seriously injured.
Now the object and intention of this Invention is to prevent the
possibility of such injury, which I propose to effect by constructing the
handle of the truncheon in the following manner, that is to say :--- Instead
of passing a piece of leather or other material through the solid wood

page_text: of the handle of the truncheon I affix a metal socket on the bottom of
the said handle and adjust a swivel socket piece to the bottom of such
said socket, and to the flange part of such said swivil piece I connect
the ends of the leather or other material which is to be passed around
a person's wrist. By this arrangement the truncheon may be turned
round without tightening the leather that passes round the wrist by
reason of the truncheon turning in the aforesaid swivel socket piece
to which the leather or other material is fixed. And it is the application
of the aforesaid swivel piece which constitutes the feature of novelty
and improvement in this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMODE POTS OR VESSELS TO BE USED AS WATERCLOSETS, OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus de Metz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1868.
I, AUGUSTUS DE METZ, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMODE POTS OR VESSELS TO BE USED AS WATERCLOSETS,
OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The improvements have reference to portable or fixed vessel's con--
structed of a material or materials which would at the seat present
an uncomfortably cold surface to the sitter or person. using them (as-
for instance metal or earthenware), and comprise the constructing such
vessels at the seat with a rim or top of some comparatively low. heat
conducting quality (such as for instance papier machée, felt,. or gutta
percha) fixed to or forming part of the body of the vessel itself, this
will serve in place of the removeable wooden or other coverings which
heretofore have been used for the actual seat. The rim or top may
be made of papier machée moulded to the required form and held by
the metal work, or cemented and screwed to the earthen, iron, or other
material of which the vessel may be formed, and may conveniently

page_text: be applied to Weare's portable commodes (application for Letters Patent
No. 2998, of A.D. 1867).
Further, the improvements have reference to balancing the vessels
more particularly for ships' use, and comprise the constructing them
with a support allowing them to stand level or even notwithstanding
the rolling of a ship or unevenness or movement of the chamber in
which they are placed. This may be effected by gim-ball mounting
after the manner of a ship's compass, and be conveniently applied to
the Weare's portable commodes above mentioned.
Further, the improvements comprise the constructing the said Weare's
portable commodes with sliding or moving valves or covers over the
orifices for discharge of liquid contents (such valves not being readily
removeable, that is to say, séparable from the commode) instead of
the separable plugs or caps with which it is understood the said com-
modes have been hitherto furnished, the sliding or moving valve may
work against the exterior face of the commode and be furnished, if
desired, with a leather or elastic packing.
IMPROVED APPARATUS, FOR. THREADING DOMESTIC NEEDLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Ellenband at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1868.-A communication from abroad by Jacob
Huzarski, of Passage St. Pierre, 9, Faubourg du Temple, Paris.
I, ELIAS ELLENBAND, of the City of Manchester, Jeweller, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS, FOR.
THREADING DOMESTIC NEEDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a metallic tip containing passages at right.
angles to one another, into one of which the needle to be threaded is
inserted with its eye downwards, and through the other (which is
enlarged at its mouth to allow it to enter easily) the thread is pushed
in the same way as threading a needle, the only difference being that
instead of having to pass the thread through a minute hole, it is
pushed into a funnel-shaped passage, and such is the peculiar action
of the hole so formed that the thread causes the needle to assume the
proper position to allow the thread to pass through its eye and out at
the other extremity of the hole; this done the needle is pulled out and

page_text: the thread follows it through the same hole, when the needle will be
found to be threaded and ready for use.
Another modification of this Invention consists in applying a ratchet
bar or crochet bar in the hole (herein-before mentioned) through which
the thread is passed, which may be provided with a spring to keep
it in position; this ratchet or crochet bar is pulled back whilst the
needle to be threaded is inserted, when such ratchet or crochet bar passes
through the needle eye so as to allow thread placed across it to be caught
by one of its teeth or the crochet head; the ratchet or crochet bar is
then pulled back again through the eye, taking the double thread along
with it and thereby threading the needle. These tips may be formed at
the end of pencil cases or needle cases so as to combine one with the
other or may have a separate handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER ROPES OR CABLES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN HARDENING THE SURFACE OF INDIA- RUBBER AND GUTTA PERCHA
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Aspinall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1868.
I, JOSEPH ASPINALL, of Gayton House, Harrow, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER ROPES OR CABLES, PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN HARDENING THE SURFACE OF INDIA-
RUBBER AND GUTTA PERCHA," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in telegraphic and
other ropes or cables, and also in hardening the surface of india-rubber
and gutta percha. Where telegraphic ropes or cables are formed of hemp
or other vegetable fibre the vegetable fibre is liable to be penetrated and
eaten by the teredo and other marine-boring animals.
According to my Invention I form telegraphic ropes or cables of hair
or animal fibre; or where hemp or vegetable fibre is used, then in order
to protect the telegraphic or other rope or cable I envelope the rope or
cable in felt or other fabric made of animal fibre which may be applied
as a spiral serving, and by preference I saturate the felt or fabric with a
compound of gutta percha and pitch or rosin, which causes it to adhere

page_text: firmly to the rope or cable. The animal fibre repels the boring animals,
which apparently become entangled with fibres they are unable to digest.
Usually I mix silica or other similar hard powder with the gutta percha
and pitch or similar composition, or I mix a silicate such as soapstone
(silicate of magnesia) therewith, and afterwards free the silica by means
of an acid, or I apply a solution such as chloride of calcium, which
converts the silicate originally employed into a hard stoney substance.
In a similar manner I harden the surface of india-rubber and gutta
percha, I wash over the surface with cement or solvent having a silicate
such as soapstone mixed with it, and I then apply acid or a solution
of chloride of calcium or such like salt.