CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Collier, of Halifax, in the County of
York, Mechanic, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 25th January 1854, and dated the 2nd December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Collier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd December 1853.
I, GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanic.
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving terry
and cut pile fabrics. Heretofore in some cases two or more beams
have been required for the terry warp, from which the warp is given off*
in succession. My present Invention has for its object the placing of
the terry warps on one beam, and to apply two rollers or rods to divide
the warp, one half the warp passing over one roller or rod and through
one of the leaves of heddles, and the other half of the warp passing

page_text: over the other roller or rod and through another leaf of heddles; such
rollers or rods being weighted. The practical effect of which is the
same as if the terry warps were on two different beams, but more
simple. And when light terry fabrics, with a small number of wires,
are woven by power, I employ a self-acting temple consisting of a
fixed plate under the cloth to bear it up, and there is another plate to
support the cloth, which is placed upon the fixed plate and which
moves and vibrates with the cloth in order to keep the cloth out to the
width; and there is a lever at each side of the loom which is made
rough underneath and presses the selvedge of the cloth upon the plate,
thus keeping the cloth out to the width without requiring attention
from the weaver.
warp
In order to weave printed warps by a system of cross weaving by
power I employ instruments which have a hole at one end thereof to
receive the printed thread or threads, which instruments are affixed to
a shaft, and an up and down movement is given to them by a cam or
tappet. I also employ instruments (fixed to a similar shaft) through
which pass thick cords of cotton or other cheap substance, which
answers for a foundation of longitudinal cords over which the printed
is caused to work by cross weaving. I give a movement by means
of a tappet to the thick foundation threads up and down similar to the
printed warp. When the printed warp is down and the foundation warp
up, the weft is thrown across to bind the worsted around the foundation
threads; then the batten beats up the weft, after which the printed
warp rises and the foundation warp descends, and is caused to shog or
move sideways by means of a tappet; after which the printed warp
descends and the cotton rises, forming the shed; the weft is thrown in
and a beat up takes place, after which the worsted rises again, and the
instruments holding the cotton or foundation warp threads shog back
again, and the printed warp descends on the other side of the founda-
tion thread or threads, and another shoot of weft is thrown across, and
another beat of the lay takes place, and so on.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Collier in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanic, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Collier, Her special
licence that I, the said George Collier, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Collier, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said George Collier, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Collier, do hereby
declaro the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving terry
and cut pile fabrics. Heretofore in some cases two or more beams
have been required for the terry warp, from which the warp is given
off in succession. My present Invention has for its object the placing
of the terry warps on one beam, and to apply two rollers or rods to

page_text: divide the warp, one half the warp passing over one roller or rod and
through one of the leaves of the heddles, and the other half of the
warp passing over the other roller or rod and through another leaf of
heddles, such rollers or rods being weighted. The practical effect of
which is the same as if the terry warps were on two different beams,
but more simple. And when light terry fabrics, with a small number
of wires, are woven by power, I employ a self-acting temple con-
sisting of a fixed plate under the cloth to bear it up, and there is
another plate to support the cloth, which is placed upon the fixed plate
and which moves and vibrates with the cloth in order to keep the cloth
out to the width; and there is a lever at each side of the loom which
is made rough underneath and presses the selvedge of the cloth upon
the plate, thus keeping the cloth out to the width without requiring
attention from the weaver. In order to weave printed warps by a
system of cross weaving by power, I employ instruments which have a
hole at one end thereof to receive the printed thread or threads, which
instruments are affixed to a shaft, and an up and down movement is
given to them by a cam or tappet. I also employ instruments (fixed to
a similar shaft) through which pass thick cords of cotton or other
cheap substance, which answers for a foundation of longitudinal cords,
over which the printed warp is caused to work by cross weaving. I give
a movement by means of a tappet to the thick foundation threads up
and down similar to the printed warp. When the printed warp is down
and the foundation warp up, the weft is thrown across to bind the worsted
around the foundation threads, then the batten beats up the weft, after
which the printed warp rises and the foundation warp descends, and is
caused to shog or move sideways by means of a tappet; after which the
printed warp descends and the cotton rises, forming the shed; the weft
is thrown in and a beat up takes place, after which the worsted riscs
again, and the instruments holding the cotton or foundation warp
thread shog back again, and the printed warp descends on the other
side of the foundation thread or threads, and another shoot of weft is
thrown across, and another beat of the lay takes place, and so on.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a transverse section; Figure 2 shows a right hand
end view; Figure 3, a left hand end view; and Figure 4, a front view
of a power loom suitably arranged, with apparatus for inserting and
withdrawing the wires for weaving terry and cut pile fabrics. The other
Drawings show some of the parts separately on an enlarged scale, the
nature of which is written thereon; and as the nature and working of
power looms for weaving terry and cut pile fabrics have been most
fully described in a former Patent granted to me and others, and aro
now well understood, it will only be necessary for me to describe those
parts which constitute my present improvements, so that a workman
acquainted with this class of machinery, aided by the following descrip-
tion and Drawings, will readily understand the nature of my present
improvements; and although I prefer in carrying out this Invention to
use the parts above mentioned as shown in the Drawings, I make no
claim thereto, at the same time they may be varied, they not being
essential. a, is the beam or roller on which is placed the whole of the
pile warp; one half, that is, every alternate thread, of which is passed
over the roller or rod b, and through the leaf of heddles 6'; the other
half passes over the roller or rod c, and through the leaf of heddles c¹.
The rollers or rods b and c, are weighted and have let off motions
thereto, as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me on
the Nineteenth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three. By this arrangement of the pile warp the harness will lift all
the warp threads which pass over the roller b, to produce the pile over
a wire at one time, and all the warp threads which pass over the roller
c, to produce the pile over the succeeding wire. d, is the warp beam
or roller on which is placed the tie or foundation warp which forms the
body of the fabric, one half of such warp being passed through the leaf
of heddles e, and the other half through the leaf of heddles f.
I will now describe that part of my Invention which relates to a self-
acting temple or apparatus, which I employ for keeping the cloth out to
its width without requiring attention from the weaver.
9, (Figures 5 and 6), is a plate fixed to the front rail or framing of

page_text: the loom; and h, is another plate which supports the cloth. The plate
h, rests on the plate g, and is constantly pressed by a spring i, towards
the sley or batten, and moves or vibrates with the cloth at the time
the beat up takes place, in order to support and keep the cloth to
its width; the plate h, is moved with the cloth by means of the pro-
jections j, fixed on the under side of the batten coming in contact with
studs or projections
fixed on the under side of the moveable plate
h. 1, 1, are levers connected by pin joints to the plate g, their other
ends being made rough underneath are constantly pressed down upon
the selvedges of the cloth by springs ', the cloth being released when
the beat up takes place by a projection m fixed to the batten coming
under the incline P, fixed on the bar P, which connects the two
levers / together.
I will now describe another part of my Invention. Figuro 7 shows
a section of so much of the working parts of a loom for weaving printed
warps by a system of cross weaving by power, as will enable me to
describe this part of my Invention. n, is a bar or shaft, to which are
aflixod a series of guides or instruments o, which have holes or eyes at
their ends through which the printed warp threads are passed. p, are
another series of instruments or blades fixed to the shaft q, through
which thick cords of cotton or other cheap substance is passed to
form the boily or foundation of the fabric, and over which the printed
warp is caused to work by cross weaving. Up and down movements are
given to the bars n, and 7, by means of suitable tappets or cams, so
that when the printed warp is down, and the thick or foundation warp
up, the weft is thrown across, and the batten beats up to bind the worsted
around the foundation threads, after which the printed warps rise, and
the foundation warps descend and shog sideways by means of a cam or
tappet. The printed warps then descend between other spaces of the
blades or instruments p, and the cotton or thick warp rises and forms a
shed for another weft to be thrown in; the instruments o, p, again rise
and fall, the bar q shogs back again, and the printed warps descend on
the other side of the foundation warps, and another shoot of weft is
thrown in, and so on.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner

page_text: of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details herein described, so long as the peculiar
character of any part of my Invention be retained. But what I
claim is,-
First, the combination of parts of a loom for letting off the terry
warp as herein described.
Secondly, I claim the arrangement or combination of the self-acting
temple herein described; and,
Thirdly, I claim the manufacture of fabrics by cross weaving of
printed warps and thick longitudinal warps by giving motion to the
parts which work the warps by power.
In witness whereof, I, tho said George Collier, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
GEORGE DEARDEN,
of Halifax.
GEORGE COLLIER. (L.S.)