AN APPARATUS FOR OXYDISING ANILINE BLACK ON WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1886

page_text: "
I THOMAS RICHARD SHILLITO of 89 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
OXYDISING ANILINE BLACK ON WOVEN FABRICS a communication to me from
abroad by the Zittauer Maschinenfabrik and Eisengiesserei (früher Alb. Kiester
& Co) of Zittau in the German Empire, to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to an apparatus for oxydising aniline black on all
kinds of woven fabrics. It is composed of several separate compartments perfectly
shut off from each other except at narrow apertures provided for the passage of
the fabric to be treated which latter however nearly or quite effect a complete
closure. Oxygen, air and steam is blown into these compartments during the
passage of the fabric through the same, which latter is carried over reels or drums
driven by machinery fixed outside the apparatus preferably by an engine unprovided
with a governor in order that the velocity of the travel of the fabric may be more
quickly changed when the quality or condition of the fabric varies, by altering the
position of the steam valve. Air is supplied separately to each of the several com-
partments through adjustable apertures parallel to the travel of the fabric which
in this way is operated upon equably. and the edges of the same protected. The
temperature and degree of moisture of the entering air is seperately and readily
regulated for each compartment. Each compartment is provided with an exhauster
which exhausts the vapours arising from the evaporation of the mordants or stains
and other matters, and the operation of which may be regulated by varying its
speed and by the adjustment of its exhausting or suction valves.
.
One, or it may be, more of the several compartments, preferably the last, is
supplied with air more highly heated and more impregnated with steam than the
other compartments, or is supplied with steam alone...

page_text: "
I, THOMAS RICHARD SHILLITO of 89 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
OXYDISING ANILINE BLACK ON WOVEN FABRICS a communication' to me from
abroad by the Zittauer Maschinenfabrik und Eisengiesserei (früher Alb. Kiesler
& Co) of Zittau, in the German Empire, and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
i " t
The earlier methods of oxydising or oxydating woven fabrics have been generally
given up and in their place special oxydising machines have been constructed for
the purpose, since it became known that a much finer aniline black could be
produced by oxydation with warm oxygenous air of the continuously moving
impregnated fabric than by oxydation in the suspended position merely by steaming
or by the use of metal salts and similar materials, and also that the firmness of the
fabric loses much less in the machine than by the earlier methods.
འ་
For the purpose of carrying out the said process we employ an apparatus such
as is shown in the accompanying drawings in which Figs. 1, 2, and 3 are respec-
tively a longitudinal sectional élevation, 'à plán, and a cross sectional elevation of
the apparatus as designed for a horizontal travel of the fabric, and Figs. 4, 5 and 6
are similar views of the apparatus as designed for a vertical or oblique travel of
the fabric. It is composed of a chamber provided with any suitable number of
compartments such as D, E, F, perfectly shut off from each other except at narrow
apertures provided to allow of the passage of the fabric and which' this latter
almost hermetically closes. The fabric is carried on large reels G of similar
diameter arranged at opposite ends of the chamber for horizontal travel as shewn
in Fig. 1, or at the top and bottom of the 'same for vertical or oblique travel as
shewn in Fig. 4. They are made to travel at an equal speed and in a manner to
insure an equable strain on the fabric by screw and worm wheel mechanism or
conical pulleys driven from outside the chamber, preferably by an engine unprovided
with a governor in order that the velocity of the travel of the fabric may be
quickly changed when the quality or condition' thereof demands it by altering the
position of the steam valve. Each of the compartments receives a separate supply
of air parallel to the direction of the travel of the fabric and corresponding to the
width of the samé-through'adjustable apertures in a manner to avoid any irregular
tension or bulging of 'the same at the same time preserving the edges intact.
The temperature and degree of moisture of the entering air 'may be readily
adjusted for each separate compartment. Fresh air from the outside of the appa-
ratus is forced by one or more fans V into the several compartments past adjustable
valves at KK, K, each of which may be operated separately. The air so
supplied is heated to the desired temperature by the application to the tubular air
heaters L, L; LII of steam generated in boilers each in independent connection
with one of the compartiments and each provided with an independent set of boiler
mountings. The desired degree of moisture is communicated to the air of each
compartment by steam supplied through perforated pipes such as R placed at the
1

page_text: bottom of each compartment, which further is provided with an exhaustor Z
arranged at the side opposite that at which the air enters. These draw off the
chloric and other gases evolved by the vaporisation of the mordants and are
regulated in their action by altering their speed and also by adjusting the valves
at H, HH".
One (or it may be more) of the compartments generally the last F is arranged to
be worked with specially hot air strongly impregnated with steam, or exclusively
with steam. Therefore, for such compartment an extra large tubular air heater L'I
is provided and this particular compartment is covered over with hollow plates P
heated by steam to prevent any condensation of moisture such as would form
drops and in that form fall on the passing fabric. In the first compartment, on
the contrary, drying is carried on, usually at a low temperature but with more.
change of air.
The travel of the fabric in the apparatus, the introduction of the stained and
partitioning off of the oxydised fabric, the necessary apertures for the passage of
the fabric into each compartment etcetera, is all clearly shewn in the drawing.
2
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
An oxydising apparatus in which the material to be oxydised is caused to pass
through several separate compartments each of which is separately supplied with
air adjustable with regard to quantity and to the degree of heat and moisture
desired-through apertures adjustable to correspond with the width of the material,
withdrawal of the waste air by exhaustors, separately for each compartment and a
steam supply separately for each compartmenut so that any one or more of the
compartments may be separately supplied with water steam, substantially as
described and shewn.