Improvements in Ventilators.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators.
I, JOSEPH SHAW, of 12 Saint Mark's Lane, Cheetham Hill, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Ventilating Engineer and General Contractor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to ventilators and consists in improvements by which
ventilators for the admission of fresh air into rooms and buildings are rendered
more compact in form and neater in appearance, more convenient to place and fix
in position, more effective in facilitating the supply of fresh air, and in avoiding the
production of unpleasant or injurious draughts, more effective in preventing dust
and particles of matter from being carried through such ventilators into the rooms
and buildings to which air is to be admitted by means of such ventilators, more
easily freed or cleaned of dust and other matters which may accumulate therein,
and more easily and conveniently arranged to exclude objectionable or injurious
gases when it is desirable or necessary that such ventilators should be fixed in what
The improve-
are known as cavity walls," than the ventilators hitherto in use.
66
ments in which my invention consists also enable ventilators to which they are
applied to be easily used for the purpose of promoting the escape or removal of
foul or heated air from rooms or buildings in cases in which it may be necessary or
desirable to so employ them.
According to my invention I employ in the construction of an inlet ventilator, a
chamber which is formed with two openings one of which when the ventilator is
in use is placed in communication with the air outside the room or building to
which air is to be supplied by means of such ventilator while the other is placed
by means of certain devices the nature of which I will describe hereinafter, in
communication with the interior of the said room or building. In the interior of
the chamber aforesaid near to the opening placed in communication with the air
outside the room or building I form or place a partition or plate or partitions or
plates so arranged as to direct in the required direction air which may enter into
the ventilator. In the said chamber near to the opening placed in communication
with the interior of the room or building to be ventilated I place a baffle-plate or
partition or baffle-plates or partitions which I prefer to be formed on the end of
à tube inserted into the wall of the said chamber but such baffle-plate or partition
or baffle-plates or partitions may be formed in the interior of the said chamber.
On the outer surface of one or more of the walls of the said chamber I form
projections which in cases in which the ventilator is "let into" the face of a wall
may serve to support facing bricks to cover and conceal the ventilator. When the
said projections are not required they may be readily cut or broken off the body of
the ventilator or I may dispense with them altogether in the formation of the body
of the ventilator. Into or against the margin of that opening in the said chamber
which is placed in communication with the interior of the room or building to be
ventilated I insert or secure a tube or pipe which may be made of suitable length
or be built up of sections of suitable size and form, jointed together in any suitable
manner. In the said tube or pipe I place a filter or grid of wire-gauze or other
suitable material and so arrange such filter or grid that it may be readily removed
from the said tube or pipe whenever its removal may be necessary or desirable.
The said tube or pipe is made of such length that it will extend to the interior
surface of the wall in which the ventilator is placed and is provided with a readily
removable lid or front formed with openings or perforations of any suitable kind

page_text: in order that air may pass through it. In the said tube or pipe I also arrange a
flap or valve which may be turned into position to practically prevent air from
passing through such tube or pipe or into a position in which it will cause practically
no hindrance to the passage of air through such tube or pipe. In the placing of a
ventilator constructed according to my invention, in position in the wall of a room
or building the body of the ventilator in which is formed the chamber above
mentioned is inserted into the cavity in the said wall in cases in which a suitable
cavity exists in such wall and in other cases a suitable opening is formed in the
wall to receive it. A hole which may be provided with a suitable grid or other
means for the free passage of air is formed opposite to the opening which is to be
placed in communication with the air external to the room or building to be
ventilated and through a suitable opening formed in the said wall the pipe or tube
aforesaid is inserted into or secured against the body of the ventilator and in cases
in which it may be necessary or desirable putty or other suitable material by which
leakage of air or foul or injurious gases into the interior of such ventilator from
the cavity in which the ventilator may be placed, may be prevented from occurring
and then the filter or grid being inserted into the said pipe or tube, the valve or
flap and front or lid are placed in position in or upon such tube or pipe. The
employment of the baffle-plate or baffle-plates near to the opening by which the
chamber above mentioned communicates with the interior of the room or building
to which air is to be supplied by means of the ventilator constructed according to
my invention prevents wind blowing upon the inlet opening of the ventilator from
causing draughts in the said room or building, while at the same time there is less
interference with the natural tendency of air currents to pass through the ventilator
than in the case of the ventilators hitherto employed, as in a ventilator constructed
according to my invention the passages along which the air is required to pass are
arranged to conduct the air always in the required direction.
If the opening by which a ventilator constructed according to my invention,
communicates with the external air be provided with louvre-bars or a cowl inclined
or directed in a suitable direction such ventilator may be caused to bring about the
removal of heated or foul air from the interior of the room or building to which it
is applied.
Dated this Eleventh day of April 1893.
HOWARD CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators.
1, JOSEPH SHAW of 12 Saint Mark's Lane, Cheetham Hill, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Ventilating Engineer and General Contractor do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to ventilators and consists in improvements by which ventilators
for the admission of fresh air into rooms and buildings are rendered more compact in
form and neater in appearance, more convenient to place and fix in position, more
effective in facilitating the supply of fresh air, and in avoiding the production of
unpleasant or injurious draughts, more effective in preventing dust and particles of
matter from being carried through such ventilators into the rooms and buildings to
which air is to be admitted by means of such ventilators, more easily freed or
cleaned of dust and other matters which may accumulate therein, and more easily
and conveniently arranged to exclude objectionable or injurious gases when it is
desirable or necessary that such ventilators should be fixed in what are known
as "cavity walls," than the ventilators hitherto in use. The improvements in
ji

page_text: which my invention consists also enable ventilators to which they are applied to
be easily used for the purpose of promoting the escape or removal of foul or heated
air from rooms or buildings in cases in which it may be necessary or desirable to so
employ them.
According to my invention I employ in the construction of an inlet ventilator, a
chamber which is formed with two openings one of which when the ventilator is in
use is placed in communication with the air outside the room or building to which
air is to be supplied by means of such ventilator while the other is placed by
means of certain devices, the nature of which I will describe hereinafter, in
communication with the interior of the said room or building. In the interior of
the chamber aforesaid near to the opening placed in communication with the
air outside the room or building I form or place a partition or plate or partitions
or plates so arranged as to direct in the required direction air which may enter
into the ventilator. In the said chamber near to the opening placed in communi-
cation with the interior of the room or building to be ventilated I place a baffle-
plate or partition or baffle-plates or partitions one of which I prefer to be formed
on the end of a tube inserted into the wall of the said chamber but such baffle-plate
or partition or baffle-plates or partitions may be formed in the interior of the said
chamber or upon the said tube. On the outer surface of one or more of the walls
of the said chamber I form projections which in cases in which the ventilator is
"let into "the face of a wall may serve to support facing bricks to cover aud
conceal the ventilator. When the said projections are not required they may be
readily cut or broken off the body of the ventilator or I may dispense with them
altogether in the formation of the body of the ventilator. Into or against the
margin of that opening in the said chamber which is placed in communication
with the interior of the room or building to be ventilated I insert or secure a tube
or pipe which may be made of suitable length or be built up of sections of suitable
size and form, jointed together in any suitable manner. In the said tube or pipe I
place a filter or grid of wire-gauze or other suitable material and so arrange such
filter or grid that it may be readily removed from the said tube or pipe whenever its
removal may be necessary or desirable. The said tube or pipe is made of such
length that it will extend to the interior surface of the wall in which the ventilator
is placed and is provided with a readily removable lid or front formed with
openings or perforations of any suitable kind in order that air may pass through it.
In the said tube or pipe I also arrange a flap or valve which may be turned into
position to practically prevent air from passing through such tube or pipe or into
a position in which it will cause practically no hindrance to the passage of air
through such tube or pipe. In the placing of a ventilator constructed according
to my invention in position in the wall of a room or building the body of the
ventilator in which is formed the chamber above mentioned is inserted into the
cavity in the said wall in cases in which a suitable cavity exists in such wall and in
other cases a suitable opening is formed in the wall to receive it. A. hole which
may be provided with a suitable grid or other means for the free passage of air is
formed opposite to the opening which is to be placed in communication with the air
external to the room or building to be ventilated and through a suitable opening
formed in the said wall the pipe or tube aforesaid is inserted into or secured against
the body of the ventilator and in cases in which it may be necessary or desirable there
may be employed in the formation of the joint, putty or other suitable material by
which leakage of air or foul or injurious gases into the interior of such ventilator
from the cavity in which the ventilator may be placed, may be prevented from
occurring and then the filter or grid being inserted into the said pipe or tube, the
valve or flap and front or lid are placed in position in or upon such tube or pipe.
The employment of the baffle-plate or baffle-plates near to the opening by which
the chamber above mentioned communicates with the interior of the room or building
to which air is to be supplied by means of a ventilator constructed according to my
invention prevents wind blowing upon the inlet opening of the ventilator from
causing draughts in the said room, or building.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an inlet ventilator constructed according to my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the portion of the ventilator in which is formed the
chamber above mentioned.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the lid or front employed in the tube or pipe, by which
air passes out of the ventilator.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section and Fig. 5 a horizontal section, drawn for convenience
to a somewhat smaller scale than the other figures illustrating one manner in which
the tube or pipe by which air passes out of the ventilator, may be built up of
sections.
In Figs. 1 and 2, (a) is the chamber which I employ as above described.
The chamber (a) is formed with two openings (a¹) (a²). The opening (a¹) is
intended to be placed as will be hereinafter described in communication with the
air outside the room or building to which air is to be admitted by means of the
ventilator. In the interior of the chamber (a) near to the opening (a) partitions
or plates (b) are fixed. The partitions or plates (b) will direct in the direction
indicated by the arrow (A) any air which may enter the chamber (a) by means of
the opening (a). In the chamber (a) near the opening (a2) is formed a baffle-plate
or partition (2), which forms one of the two baffle-plates (c) employed in the
ventilator. Around the opening (a²) on the outer surface of one wall of the
chamber (a) is formed a taper socket (a³) and upon the other face of another wall
of the said chamber (a) are formed projecting ribs (a') (a) (a). The walls of the
chamber (a), the partitions or plates (6), and the baffle-plate or partition (c²), the
socket (a), and the ribs (a*) (a³) (a) are all formed in one casting. (d) is a tube
or pipe of rectangular form, formed around its circumference with a taper part (d')
adapted to be inserted into the socket (a³), upon the wall of the chamber (a).
The tube or pipe (d) has formed upon it a baffle-plate or partition (c) which as is
indicated in Fig. 1, is placed in the interior of the chamber (a) when the taper
part (d) of the tube (d) is inserted in the socket (a3). The tube (d) is cast of
such length that it may extend to the inner surface of the wall in which the
ventilator is to be fixed, or such tube or pipe (d) may be cast in two or more
sections (d2) (d³) of suitable lengths, such as are illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, and in
such case the several sections are formed with taper-sockets (d') and taper
portions (d), as may be necessary in each case, in order that a tube or
pipe (d)
of suitable length may be built up of such sections (d2) (3). In the tube or pipe (d)
is placed a filter or grid (e) formed of a wooden frame (e') adapted to fit so tightly
in the tube or pipe (d) as to remain in position when placed therein without being
otherwise secured, to which wooden frame (e¹) is secured by nailing or in any other
suitable manner wire gauze or any other suitable material, by which the air passing
through such ventilator may be filtered. In the tube or pipe (d) I also arrange a
flap or valve (f) which may be turned into the position in which it is indicated by
dotted lines (B) in Figs. 1 and 4, so as to practically prevent air from passing along
such tube or pipe (d), or may be turned into the position in which it is indicated
in full lines in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, in which position it will practically cause no
hindrance to the passage of air through the ventilator. The tube or pipe (d) is
formed with a socket (d) into which is inserted a lid or front (9) formed with
openings or perforations of any suitable kind in order that air may pass through
it. The lid or front (9) is secured in the tube or pipe (d) by screws or any other
suitable means, so as to be readily removable therefrom. The flap or valve (f) is
formed with a handle (¹) extending through an opening, formed in the lid or
front (g) which handle (1) serves to enable the flap or valve (f) to be readily
turned into the position in which it is indicated in full lines in Figs. 1, 4 and 5 or
into the position in which it is indicated by dotted lines (B) in Figs. 1 and 4.
The flap or valve (✓) is secured to a rod (2) which is placed in notches formed
in the interior of the tube or pipe (d), and serves as a kind of hinge, and keeps
the flap or valve (ƒ) in position in the tube or pipe (d). (h) is a tube or pipe of

page_text: rectangular transverse section, which is adapted to fit between the ribs (a³) (a®)
upon the wall of the chamber (a), and to fit at its sides against the wall of such
chamber (a). The tube or pipe (h) is provided with a socket (h). (i) is a
perforated grid or grating secured by screws, preferably of brass as being less liable
to corrosion, or by other suitable means in the tube or pipe (1) so as to be readily
removable therefrom. The tube or pipe (h) serves to conduct air to the venti-
lator, but as will be hereinafter described, such tube or pipe (h) is not always
employed.
When an inlet ventilator constructed according to my invention is being placed
in position in the wall of a room or building, the chamber (a) is placed in the
cavity in such wall, in cases in which a suitable cavity already exists in such
wall, and in other cases, a suitable opening or recess is formed in the wall to
receive such chamber (a). A portion of the wall may be removed in order that
access to the cavity in it may be obtained, or in order that a suitable recess or
opening may be formed, should there be no suitable cavity in the wall. There is
then formed in the wall an opening opposite to the place where the opening (a2)
will be placed, and through such opening formed in the wall the tube or pipe (d)
cast in one piece or formed in sections as may be adapted to the circumstances of
the case, is inserted into the socket (a³), after the chamber (a) has been placed in
position in the wall. The chamber (a) may be moved somewhat, if necessary
while the baffle-plate (c¹) is being inserted past the baffle-plate (c2) into such
chamber (a). If it be considered necessary or desirable putty or other suitable
material which will prevent air or foul or injurious gases from leaking into the
interior of the ventilator from the cavity in which such ventilator is placed, may be
applied to the socket (a³) or the part (d) of the tube (d) and to the joint or
joints between the sections of the tube or pipe (d) when it is built up of sections,
in order to render the joints tighter than they can be made by the mere placing of
the tube or pipe (d) or the sections of which it is formed in position in relation to
the chamber (a). If the wall in which the ventilator is being placed is so thick
that a grating or grid such as the grating or grid (i) secured to the chamber (a)
between the ribs (a) (a), or in the said wall in proximity to the opening (a') in
such chamber (a) will not be approximately flush with the outer surface of
the said wall a tube or pipe like the tube or pipe (4), is inserted between the
ribs (a) (a) and if it be considered desirable, putty or other similar material may
be applied between the tube or pipe (4) and the chamber (a) so as to prevent foul
or injurious gases from the cavity in which the ventilator is placed from leaking
into such ventilator. The grid or grating (i) may then be secured in position either
to the chamber (a) or in the wall or in the tube (h) as may be convenient in any
particular case. After the tube or pipe (d) has been inserted into the socket (a)
the filter or grid (e) is placed in position in such tube or pipe (d). Then the flap
or valve (f) is placed in position in the tube or pipe (d) and the lid or front (g) is
inserted into the socket (de) prepared for it.
When the ventilator has been placed
in position the opening by which the chamber (a) has been introduced into the cavity
in which it is placed or the opening or recess made to receive it, may be closed in
any suitable manner and the ribs (a) (a) enable facing bricks or cement or other
means by which it may be desirable to cover the body of the ventilator from view
to be readily applied. As has been above mentioned in some cases in which a
ventilator constructed according to my invention is to be placed in a thin wall and
the tube or pipe (4) is unnecessary the grid or grating (i) to allow the free passage
of air to the ventilator, may be formed in the opening (a') in the chamber (a) or
may be secured in position opposite to such opening (a') in any suitable manner, and
in such cases also the ribs (a) (a) (a) may serve to facilitate the placing in
position of thin bricks or tiles or other means by which it may be desired to cover
the ventilator from view. In cases in which any one or more or all of the
ribs (a³) (a³) (a) is or are not required it or they may readily be cut or broken off
from the wall of the chamber (a). The plates or partitions (6) may be secured to

page_text: the walls of the chamber (a) by screws or in any other suitable manner instead of
being cast with the walls of such chamber (a). The baffle-plates (c) may in some
cases be both cast with the walls of the chamber (a), or they may be secured
thereto in any suitable manner such for instance as by means of screws or such
baffle-plates () may be both formed upon the tube or pipe (d) or may be secured
thereto by screws or other suitable means.
It is possible to dispense with one of the baffle-plates (c) and with one of the
plates or partitions (b) and to employ more than two of the baffle-plates (c) and to
employ more than two of the plates or partitions (b).
The employment of the baffle-plates (c) or of one of such baffle-plates (c) near
to the opening (a³) by which the chamber (a) communicates with the interior of the
room or building to which air is to be supplied by means of a ventilator constructed
according to my invention prevents wind which may blow upon the inlet opening (a¹)
of the ventilator, or upon the grid or grating by which air is intended to be
admitted to the opening (a) from causing draughts in the said room or building.
If the front or lid (9) and the filter or grid (e) be removed from the tube or
pipe (d) and the grid or grating (i) be removed from the tube or pipe (4) or other
part in which it is mounted, access may be readily had to the interior of the
chamber (a) through the tube or pipe (d) and the opening (a') for the removal
from such chamber (a) of any dust and particles of matter, which may have
accumulated therein. In some cases, the filter or grid (e) may be dispensed with
as the employment of the baffle-plate or baffle-plates (c) causes a very great part
of the dust and particles of matter carried by the air passing into the chamber (a)
to be deposited in such chamber (a). In some cases, for instance, where as in the
case of ventilators applied in the walls of very large rooms it may be unnecessary
to at any time close the ventilator against the passage of air, the flap or valve (f)
may be dispensed with. The tube or pipe (4) may in cases in which it may be
desirable be formed in sections like the tube or pipe (d).
It is obvious that there are several ways in which when the tube (d) is to be
made in sections, capable of being joined together, the joint or joints between the
sections of such tube (d) may be made, but as it is desirable that the opening to be
formed in the wall of a room or building to receive such tube (d) shall not be larger
than can be covered by the beading (d'), formed around the outer end of such
tube (d), the joint or joints between the sectious of such tube or pipe (d) should be
such as not to involve any increase in the external diameter of such tube or pipe (d)"
at the place or places where such joint or joints occur.
If the ventilator constructed according to my invention be placed in the wall of
a room or building in the position in which it is indicated by the vertical section
Fig. 6, so that the opening (a) by which such ventilator communicates with the
external air is in a higher position than the opening (a²) and plates (j) (k) which
act as louvre-boards or as a cowl, be fitted so as to extend across the opening (a¹)
in the manner indicated in Fig. 6 such ventilator may be caused to bring about the
removal of heated or foul air from the interior of the room or building to which it
is applied. The plates (j) (k) may be cast in a rectangular tube (m) adapted to
be applied to the chamber (a) and fitted between the ribs (a³) (a). In some cases
louvre-boards or a cowl inclined or directed in a suitable direction may be employed
instead of the plates (j) (k).
Ventilators constructed according to my invention are compact in form, neat in
appearance, convenient to place and fix in position, effective in facilitating the
supply of fresh air and in avoiding the production of unpleasant or injurious
draughts, effective in preventing dust and particles of matter from being carried
into the rooms and buildings to which air is to be admitted by means of such
ventilators, easily freed or cleaned of dust and other matters which may have
accumulated therein, and easily and conveniently arranged to exclude objectionable
or injurious gases when it is desirable or necessary that such ventilators shou'd
be fixed in cavity walls, and as has been hereinbefore pointed out, ventilators

page_text: constructed according to my invention may be readily used for the purpose of
promoting the escape or removal of foul or heated air from rooms or buildings in
cases in which it may be necessary or desirable to so employ them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination and arrangement of the chamber (a), a plate or partition or
plates or partitions, such as (6), a baffle-plate or baffle-plates such as (c), and the
tube or pipe (d), substantially, in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
described in reference to and indicated in and by the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination and arrangement of the chamber (a), a plate or partition or
plates or partitions such as (b), a baffle-plate or baffle-plates such as (c), the tube
or pipe (d), and the filter or grid (e) substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein before described in reference to and indicated in and by the
accompanying drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of the chamber (a), a plate or partition or
plates or partitions such as (6), a baffle-plate or baffle-plates, such as (c), the tube
or pipe (d), the filter or grid (e), and the flap or valve (f), substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein before described in reference to and indicated in
and by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Eleventh day of January 1894.
HOWARD CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.