IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND CLASPS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cheshire, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STUDS AND CLASPS."
Sealed the 5th May 1874, and dated the 8th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cheshire at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1873.
I, JOHN CHESHIRE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND CLASPS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
I form the back and front portions of the stud in two separate parts,
each having a shank upon their under side, the one shank consisting of
a tube with one or more slots cut longitudinally through it, and one or
more flanges formed round its inner surface; the other shank consists
of a bar somewhat thicker than the hollow of the tubular shank, and
upon this bar is formed one or more grooves, so that when the bar shank
is pressed into the tubular one the latter expands by reason of the slots

page_text: cut in it, and the continued pressure of the two parts together causes
the flanges to fall into the grooves, and thus the two portions become
locked together and form a complete stud.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Cheshire in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CHESHIRE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Cheshire, Her special license
that I, the said John Cheshire, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Cheshire, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STUDS AND CLASPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Cheshire, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calender months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Cheshire, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-

page_text: I form the back and front portions of the stud in two separate parts,
each having a shank upon their under side, the one shank consisting of
a tube with one or more slots cut longitudinally through it, and one or
more flanges formed round its inner surface; the other shank consists
of a bar somewhat thicker than the hollow of the tubular shank, and
upon this bar is formed one or more grooves, so that when the bar shank
is pressed into the tubular one the latter expands by reason of the slots
cut in it, and the continued pressure of the two parts together causes
the flanges to fall into the grooves, and thus the two portions become
locked together and form a complete stud.
For clasps I use the tubular and bar portions as described affixed to
any articles required to be clasped together.
I will now proceed to describe my Invention more fully in detail by
aid of the Drawings hereunto annexed, reference being had to the letters
and figures marked thereupon.
Figure (1) is a section of the back portion of one of my improved studs;
and Figure (2) a similar section of the front portion, the two parts
being shewn disconnected.
Upon the under side of the back portion, Figure (1) is formed a tubular
shank, consisting of an outer case or holder (a) containing an inner
tube (6) having one or more slits (c) cut longitudinally through it, and
one or more flanges or indented rings (d) round its inner circumference;
on the back of the front portion of the stud is a bar shank (e) somewhat
thicker than the diameter of the tubular shank (6), and upon the circum-
ference of the bar shank (e) is formed one or more grooves (ƒ) or
indents corresponding with those upon the inner circumference of the
tubular shank, so that when the bar shank is pressed into the tubular
shank the latter expands by reason of the slit or slits (c), and the
continued pressure of the two parts together causes the flange or indented
ring (d) of the tubular shank to fall into the groove or indent (ƒ)
of the bar shank (e), and thus the two portions become locked together
and form the complete stud, as shewn in section Figure 3, and in
elevation Figure 4.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent in similar sections and elevation to
those described one of my improved studs with a series of flanges or
indented rings (9) inside the tubular shank (7) and also corresponding
grooves or indents (i) upon the shank bar (k), and I have shewn the

page_text: shank bar (k) without an outer holder or tube which may be dispensed
with if desired.
For clasps I use the tubular and bar portions as described affixed to
any articles required to be clasped together.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be carried into effect, I claim
without limiting myself to these precise details, the improvements in
studs and clasps substantially in manner as herein more fully set forth
and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cheshire, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.