IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING AND USING GAS FOR FURNACES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Frank Browne of 67 Strand, in the City of
Westminster, for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING AND USING
GAS FOR FURNACES
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Frank Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1882.
WILLIAM FRANK BROWNE of 67 Strand in the City of Westminster IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GENERATING AND USING GAS FOR FURNACES
This Invention relates to an improved method or process of generating heating
or illuminating gas in or about all classes of furnaces wherein said gas or a portion
thereof is discharged into the furnace for immediate combustion the heat of
which generatos the gas while the surplus heat is utilized for other purposes.
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal broken sectional view of a locomotive and
tender showing a coil in the fire-box for generating gases and the grate from
which the gas or gaseous vapor is discharged; coils for increasing the heating
surface of the boiler and the connections therewith and the tender which carries
the feed water and combustible fuel.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a locomotive fire-box and
boiler showing the gas or gaseous vapor generating coil located in the fire-box
and the connection with the exhaust steam pipe or nozzle.
Figure 3 is a transverse section cutting through the fire-box of a locomotive the
gas or gaseous vapor generator and hollow grate
Figure 4 is a horizontal section of a locomotive fire-box cutting through below
the boiler tubes showing a plan view of a gas or gaseous vapor generating coil and
a hollow grate for discharging gaseous fuel therefrom.
Figure 5 is a detached plan view of a concave faced and tubular perforated
grate from which combustible liquids and gas or gaseous vapor are burned
Figure 6 is a cross section of the concave perforated tubular grate bars showing
the concavity of the upper surface from which the combustible liquid is burned
and the perforations through which the gas or gaseous fuel is discharged and the
connecting pipe for conducting the combustible liquid to the concave surface of the
tubular grate-bars.

page_text: Figure 7 is a broken longitudinal section of one of the tubular grave-wars and
one of the end headers to which the bars are attached
Figure 8 is a horizontal section of a locomotive fire-box cutting through the
centre of the tube sheet. This Figure shows a plan view of one of the sectional
heaters for increasing the heating surface of the boiler and the means for supporting
said heaters in the fire-box and the exterior connection thereof for connecting the
heater with a series through which water or steam circulates
Figure 9 is a horizontal section of a locomotive fire-box cutting through said
fire-box below the boiler tubes showing a coiled pipe or conduit in which a gas or
gaseous vapor is generated and the plan view of a concave-tubular perforated
grate into which said gas or gaseous vapor is discharged through the perforations
into the furnace where it is burned and the necessary connecting pipes for
conducting combustible liquids water and steam therein for the purpose hereinafter
set forth
Figure 10 is a vertical transverse section of a locomotive cutting through the
fire-box and upper portion of the boiler and showing a series of generating coils
located in the combustion chamber for increasing the steam generating surface in
connection with the boiler a series of circulating and supporting pipes for
supporting the coils and a coiled generator for generating a gas or gaseous
vapor
Figure 11 is the front end elevation of a locomotive furnace and boiler showing
the connection of the upper series of generating coils with the lower generating
coil and tubular grate the front header of which is shown in section through the
broken water leg
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all of the Figures.
Heretofore several attempts with various devices have been made to generate a
heating gas or gaseous vapor within the furnace or fire-box of the different classes
of steam boilers and burn said gas or gaseous vapor within said furnace or fire-box
for the purpose of generating said gas or gaseous vapor and simultaneously there-
with generate steam for motive power and other purposes; so far, all of said
devices have met with but a varying or partial success.
The devices most commonly experimented with consist of a retort or retorts
generally made of cast iron and in various forms. The form used in the
experiments made by the within named applicant was the D retort, some of which
were made of cast iron and others of fire-clay; into the iron retorts steam or
water was forced while bydro-carbon oils were forced into a separate retort and
from thence into the third retort where it combined with the steam from the first
retort and from thence the gas or gaseous vapor was discharged into the furnace
and burned, but the great obstacle to the success of the experiments in both the
iron and clay retorts which had an aggregate heating surface of about fifty feet
was found to be that there was an insufficient heating surface to properly decompose
water or steam and hydro carbon oils and make a gas therefrom which would, on
burning in the furnace, generate heat enough to make gas continuously. When
water or steam and oil is fed slowly into the retorts, a gas can be made by
the employment of auxiliary heat, but in insufficient quantity to be used with
economy when applied to the practical work of generating steam for motive
power, or in other words, the apparatus consisting of retorts, cannot be self-
sustaining and do the work required of it, therefore all such expensive modes
for economizing in fuel might as well be dispensed with.
One great obstacle to the success of clay and cast iron retorts, is, the thickness of
the walls through which the heat is transmitted, and, when once highly heated
and the interior thereof is subjected to water or steam and hydro-carbon oils, a
sudden contraction of the interior metal or clay takes place, thus causing the retort
to crack and leak in a very short time, thereby rendering them useless.
Owing to the construction of the ordinary retort, the interior capacity or space
thereof is far too great for the heating surface, consequently gas cannot be made in
a retort in a sufficiently rapid and practical manner so that when burned the heat

page_text: generated therefrom will be sufficient to supply the loss from radiation and do the
mechanical work of generating the gas for combustion, and at the same time
generate steam for motive power, which will be more economical than when said
motive power is generated by the usual methods,-and furthermore, the retort
which is placed within a furnace or fire-box of a steam boiler cannot be greater
than the length or width of said furnace; ordinarily speaking, the greatest length
would seldom exceed nine feet and it will be barely possible to locate four retorts
within said furnace which would have an aggregate length of thirty-six feet, and
if a foot in width on the bottom and the retorts of the D form, the internal heating
surface cannot be greater than eighty-six square feet. Therefore, in order to make
a heating gas to generate itself and generate a surplus of heat sufficient to generate.
steam for so large a boiler as the furnace would imply; The amount of water or
steam and hydro-carbon oils necessary for the business would have to pass with
such rapidity through the thirty-six feet of retorts that no decomposition could
take place, the resultant mechanical mixture of steam, water, hydro-carbon vapor
and crude petroleum would be blown into the furnace and with little result so
far as heat is concerned. Therefore, if three or four small retorts with an aggregate
area of less than twenty feet should be adapted to a furnace of three feet in width,
five feet in length, and five feet in height, or thereabouts, in which heat is required
to be generated to generate steam from one hundred and twenty five to two
hundred horse power, the fallacy of the contrivance will be apparent to an observing
enquirer after new ideas and the economical and practical result derived therefrom;
of course, a gas can be made with such a device and burned, which will be with a
short, sickly and flickering flame within the furnace in which the retorts are
located, but the practical result thereof will be more clearly or better understood
when practically applied to generate steam for a two hundred horse motor.
To obviate the defects as above set forth, the within-named applicant has by
repeated experiments and at great cost succeeded in overcoming them, which is
accomplished in fact by a great increase in the heating surface and a corresponding
decrease in the capacity of the gas or gaseous generator. This generator consists
of a pipe which of course will vary in length and diameter to correspond with the
various furnaces in which it may be used; this pipe or conduit is made into a coil
either by bending or by elbows or return bends or it may be connected, by some
other analagous means which may be required to make the generator conform to
the furnace: water or steam and combustible liquids are forced into one end of
this pipe or conduit by a pump or injector and when the pipe or conduit is highly
heated, gas or a gaseous fuel will be discharged from the other end which is connected
to a hollow grate provided with suitable outlets for the discharge of said gas or
gaseous vapor into the furnace where it will be burned. The steam for the
generator can be taken from the boiler and inject the combustible liquid therein,
and also, when the heat is great enough, water can be mingled with the combustible
liquids, as will be hereinafter described, and forced by the steam jet into the
generator where a decomposition of the mixture will be effected. This coiled pipe
or conduit can be built up near to the inner wall of the furnace and a furnace of
about three feet in width, five feet in length and five feet in depth will contain a
coil of two hundred and twenty feet of two inch pipe, the internal surface of which
will measure one hundred and ten feet, and the external surface thereof a fraction
over one hundred and thirty-six feet, by means of the great heating surface and
the small capacity enclosed thereby, gas can be made in a rapid and continuous
manner and under any pressure of steam which can be obtained within the boiler,
which will be under a pressure of one hundred pounds and upwards and discharged
into the furnace, thereby filling the furnace and the boiler tubes full of flame
which will generate steam in a rapid manner; the quantity of gas can be increased
or diminished simply by turning a valve.
The means herein shown for generating a gas or gaseous fuel to be burned
within the furnace or fire-box of steam boilers consists of a number of coiled pipes
or conduits x and o shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9. The heating coils or

page_text: conduits consist of a series of sectional generators located one above another
as shown in Figure 1, these sections are or can be made in the form shown in plan
view Figure 8, or they can be made in other suitable forms which might be required
in adapting them to the various classes of furnaces used in land or marine Service,
but for all ordinary boiler furnaces, the plan shown for constructing the sections is
the cheapest and most easily constructed, and far less liable to get out of order
than when constructed with many joints and fittings which comes in contact with
the fire; a round fire-box would require sections to be coiled in a spiral form,
while a square furnace should be provided with a square coil which can be coiled
with the coils equi-distant from each other. The bend of the pipe at the corners
of the coil should be bent on the shortest radius possible without injuring the pipe;
I have found it possible and practical to bend a pipe one and one fourth inches
internal diameter on a radius of four inches,-one and one half and two inches on a
radius of five and six inches. A two inch pipe will be large enough to construct a
coil from for an ordinary boiler not exceeding five hundred horse power.
The number of sections will be limited by the depth of the fire-box and the
length of the pipe from which they are made by the area of the grate surface, but,
where it is practical to adapt two or more of them, a great increase of steam
power will be obtained when a gas flame is employed, for the reason that the high
pressure gas flame which will be produced will fill the entire fire-box and afford
a complete combustion, the heat of which will be intenso. Each of the sections
should be made from one pipe or conduit, which should be composed of double
extra pipe firmly welded together into the required length previous to forming the
sections. The two ends of the sections should project through the shell or water
legs of the furnace and be provided with regulation or special fittings xg whereby
they will be connected and form a continuous free passage for the circulation of
water; the two opposite ends of the combined sections should terminate as far
below and above the water line as would be necessary for obtaining a positive
circulation of the water.
These sections are supported by their two projecting ends which project through
the walls of the furnace and by a supporting pipe or tube which extends across
the furnace and through the walls thereof where they are united by return bends,
thus forming a continuous conduit, the two ends of which are connected to the
boiler above and below the water line for the purpose of a free circulation of water
through the said conduit. This circulation will prevent the pipe from getting red-
hot, whereby the strength will be retained, and afford a complete support for the
sections of conduits which rest thereon.
These sections can be used for heating water by natural circulation, but when
necessary the sections can be used as an independent steam generator simply by
closing controlling valve oz and opening controlling valve b and forcing water
by the injector xc from pipe xd by a steam jet derived from the boiler on
opening controlling valve ov from whence said steam is conducted through
pipe ox to said injector. The water now passes into the upper conduit and
circulates downward through the series from whence it is discharged into the
water leg of the boiler, or, this water can be discharged through a connecting pipe
into an independent separator, from which the steam can be conducted to whatever
place desired; all of the feed water, can at first, be transmitted through the series of
sections prior to entering the boiler.
These sections can also be employed to generate a gas or gaseous vapor from
water and combustible liquids; this gas can be generated for both heating and
illuminating purposes. The water would be forced in as above described, or by a
pump; the combustible liquids could be drawn in to water pipe ad from pipe c
on opening controlling valve xe and forced, in combination with the water, into
said sections wherein it would become decomposed and a fixed gas formed, which
could be forced, by its generative power to any point required, or a gaseous vapor
can be formed and discharged into the furnace and burned and also the gas can
be forced through the super-heater and therein fixed, or, a fixed gas can be formed

page_text: in the section while a heating gas is being made in the heater O, and discharged
into the furnace for combustion; this arrangement would be a desirable feature in
a factory where illuminating gas is required, or at any point where said gas is
wanted.
This gas could be generated on Locomotives and the gas compressed into suitable
holders by the pressure from the generative force of the gas and subsequently used
on the train for illuminating purposes, and also, gas-holders can be located about
depôts and filled by the above-described means.
EC
When the sectional generators are used as circulators, valve u i on discharge
pipe o w' must be opened and valve x b closed, thus allowing a free circulation
through pipe h and the section x into the boiler through pipe o w' while the
feed-water will be discharged through pipe oz on opening valve oy. The cross
pipes can be connected with the sections and water forced through the
combination by the injector or by a pump, or said pipes can be fed independent of
the coiled sections.
Whenever the walls of the furnace consist of a double shell, with an air or water
space between them, supporting standards 2 m and zi should be placed in said
space and riveted water-tight to the outer and inner shells; this supporting
standard should be long enough to include all of the supporting bars and the
coiled sections x and the upper turn of the superheating coil O, as shown in
Figures 1, 8, and 9. These supporting standards should be provided with holes
corresponding with the terminal ends of the heating sections ac, supporting pipes
and the upper end of the superheater O through which all of these ends project;
a stuffing or packing box fzk is provided for each hole and pipe for the
purpose of preventing the escape of heat around the projecting ends of the pipes.
The super-heating coil or gas or gaseous vapor generator can be made from
suitable pipe which should be welded together in suitable lengths to form the
heater or generator without joints occurring in the fire-box. These coiled heaters or
generators should be so constructed as to admit of from one to two inches of
clearance between the walls of the fire-box and the coil for the purpose of allowing
staples or gripes to be placed on each turn of the pipe and then properly secured
to a strap and nut at the back of the coil in the space above alluded to, and also,
this space admits of free circulation of flame about the back of said coil.
Whenever the furnace or fire-box is polygonal in form the pipe forming the coil
should be bent on a radius at the angles of said fire-box, of sufficient length to
admit of the pipe being bent without splitting, breaking or flattening; a circular
fire-box should be provided with a circular coil.
These coils can be made in the manner shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, which is
done by cutting pipe into suitable lengths and connecting them by elbows and
return bends as shown. These coils can be built up to the crown sheet when
necessary to obtain or generate a great amount of gas or gaseous fuel. In the case
of a Locomotive or other boiler where the tube sheet is below the crown sheet, it
will be necessary to build the generating coil O upon three sides of the furnace
above said tube sheet in order to avoid obstructing the entrance of the flame into
the tubes consequently, return bends, as shown, are best adapted to form a proper
coil of this construction. But when the coil is made as shown in Figures 1 and 9
it will necessarily be limited to such form by the tube sheet, after which it can be
continued by the use of return bends and elbows to the crown sheet in the manner
shown in Figure 2.
This coil is supplied with combustible liquid through pipe o and controlling
valve xu from whence it is drawn through connecting pipe by injector R¹
from whence it is forced into the generator O and through which it circulates and
becomes highly heated on its passage downward to the perforated tubular grate
from whence it is discharged into the furnace in the form of a fixed inflammable
gas or gaseous vapor. The motive force for drawing and forcing the combustible
liquid is derived from the exhaust steam which is conducted from the exhaust

page_text: 1
nozzle aq by pipe h the upper end of which connects with the ejector R';
the vertical run of this pipe can pass between the wall of the furnace and the coil
as indicated by dotted lines; the steam is controlled by valve x 8 and operating
lever x t. The motive force can be taken directly from the boiler through
pipe and controlling valve xu, thence through injector R¹. In case steam is
taken directly from the boiler the injector should be upon the outside of the
furnace as shown at x c, Figure 1, or R¹, Figure 9. The steam for the motor or
motors of the locomotive is derived through pipe x, r, the exhaust of which is
forced through the ejecting nozzle x q against a back pressure of twenty pounds
and upwards and with a degree of heat but little less than when it left the boiler.
This pressure and heat can be utilized to a certain extent, that is, it is practical
to use enough of it to force the combustible liquid into the coiled generator, the
steam supplying its due proportion of gas making material; as the exhaust steam
the
is a waste product, a saving of force, material and heat is effected: of course,
exhaust steam will be far more than will be required for the purpose of generating
a gas or gaseous fuel when said fuel is made for a locomotive; the surplus steam
will of course escape through the stack in the usual manner and cause a sufficient
draft to form a complete combustion with the gas or gaseous fuel in the furnace.
The heat which is derived from the exhaust steam in the generating coil is a
saving of the amount of fuel required to generate the steam at the degree of heat
which it retains when entering the said generating coil, or in other words, if one
tenth part of the exhaust steam of a two hundred horse motor should be forced
through the coiled generator a saving of the amount of fuel required to run a
twenty horse engine would be effected.
.
The grate which is shown in Figures 1 2. and 4 is made of pipe and fittings;
the upper surface of the bars x m are provided with a suitable number of
perforations which may be drilled at any suitable angle to the plane of the grate;
the holes or perforations can be provided with nipples or burners through
which the gas or gaseous vapor will be forced; as the gas or gaseous vapor will be
made under high pressure and the area of the bore of the burners will be made in
accordance with the diameter of the pipe forming the super-heater, a high pressure
can be obtained and maintained continuously. This gas or gaseous vapor will
.discharge itself with such force that it will project itself against the crown sheet,
from whence it will reverberate and fill the fire-box entirely full of gas flame which
will force itself through the tubes and stack if necessary.
The quantity of gas made will depend upon the material and pressure. I find
by experience that it will be practical to discharge at least from a heater made of
two hundred and twenty feet of double extra pipe two inches in internal diameter,
under fifty pounds pressure, one hundred and thirty thousand cubic feet per hour,
which when applied to a locomotive boiler of two hundred horse power is more
than will be required,-therefore, the size of the heater and the pressure can be
varied according to the power required.
The upward current formed by the jets issuing from the perforations or burners
will assist very materially in inducting a draft of air for Combustion, and also, I
find by experience, that it is not necessary to adapt a multitude of jets to the area
of the fire-box in order to obtain a proper mixture of air; such contrivances are
expensive and of no material advantage when compared with gas forced under
high pressure, in contact with the required amount of air derived from the
incoming draft which may be induced by either drawing or forcing devices.
This mode of generating gas under high pressure and in great quantities cannot
be done in what is commonly called retorts, which are always constructed with
great capacity and small heating surface in comparison therewith. The gas is
generally made under low pressure which is usually obtained from a hydro-static
column of but a few feet; with this low pressure in the retort, the absorption
of heat is very slow, from the fact that all rarefied bodies absorb heat slowly, or
generally in accordance with their density; therefore, for this reason alone, it is

page_text: impossible to make gas in a retort under low pressure and thereby furnish fuel
enough to generate the gas and still retain a surplus of heat sufficient to generate
steam for continuous and practical work; therefore, in order to effect a practical
result, the area of the transverse section of the retort must be reduced to the
smallest practical capacity while the surface must be increased to its greatest
practical extent. Such is the case with the generator herein shown and described
with the additional feature of generating gas or gaseous vapor under very high
pressure, which, when under high pressure absorbs and transmits heat in a more
rapid manner than under the low pressure spoken of above, in consequence of
which a gas or gaseous vapor can be made with far greater rapidity and volume
than when done in any other manner. This increase of conductivity by pressure
is an important factor in making gas, and especially so, when made in connection
with furnaces for generating steam and for other uses.
The coiled generators are supported in the furnaces by brackets xx or by some
other suitable contrivance. The coiled generator O is connected to one of the
headers of the grate by an elbow fitting as shown in Figure 4; the three grate-
bars am connect with this header and are supplied with gas or gaseous vapor
therefrom.
The grate shown in Figures 1, 5, 6, 7 and 9 is made in sections and of cast
iron; two headers an are made tubular in form, one or both of which are
provided with an auxilliary passagen on the top thereof this passage com-
municates with a supply pipe i while the passage zn is provided with three
outlets which communicate with three corresponding open channels. This arrange-
ment is for the purpose of supplying the grate with combustible liquid prior to
generating gas or gaseous vapor in the heater O; the liquid is introduced by
pipe into covered channel n from whence it is distributed over the grate-
bars; steam can be forced through pipe i into the passagen should they
become clogged. The bars am are provided with flanges zb which fit corres-
ponding flanges on the two headers and to which they are bolted; projections x z
can be cast with the bars am in the channel za with holes therein for the
eduction of gas or gaseous vapor; these outlets can be made in any form desired.
The form shown will cause the gas to issue and produce a flame the entire length
of the bar. These jets can issue from the bar at any angle desired and in a
manner that will create an upward current of air and cause it to be mingled
therewith.
This grate is shown in connection with the gas or gaseous vapor generating coil,
Figure 9. The terminal end of the coil connects with the front header by means
of elbow and nipple z c or it can be connected in any other suitable manner.
The heating or generating coil O is supplied with water or steam and
combustible liquids at its upper end by means of injector R¹ or by a pump or
other forcing device; this injector can be supplied with steam directly from the
boiler through pipe shown in Figure 2, or by steam derived from the exhaust
through pipe h. When the device herein shown and described is used in
connection with a locomotive the water and combustible liquid can be carried on
the tender in any suitable manner; the plan herein shown is well adapted for the
purpose. The combustible liquid is run into a tank o 7, on opening valve § 6,
through pipe 3 & 1, while the surrounding chamber or space is filled with water by
removing plug 3 h 1. The tank o 7, which holds the combustible liquids, is kept
in position by suitable division plates p7; pipe c¹ connects with the tank and
conducts the liquids to the points required.
Pipe c' is provided with a coil xo, which consists of a suitable number of turns
and of suitable diameter; this coil is for the purpose of forming a flexible and
yielding connection between the locomotive and tender, and at the same time
conduct the combustible liquid from the tender to the points required on said
locomotive. The coil can be placed beneath the connecting link where it will be
in the centre of motion; this feature of a spring coil can be applied to many places

page_text: where movement is required for conducting steam, water & &c; where, at present,
flexible hose or rubber tubing is used, they can be constructed and attached to
compensate for lateral, oblique or vertical movement.
In the section view, Figure 10, the coils x are supported in the furnace or
combustion chamber by means of the supporting pipes, which extends across the
furnace and project through the walls thereof at a suitable distance where they are
connected by suitable end fittings e for the purpose of forming a continued passage
through the series; the lower end of this coil of circulating bars is connected with
the water leg at t a while the upper end is connected at the water line or in the
steam space in the boiler att b, whereby a constant circulation of water through
the coil is obtained while there is heat within the furnace. A longitudinal
sectional view of the supporting standard z i through which the supporting bars
project is shown.
The two
The gaseous vapor generating coil is shown in section and also the tubular
grate bars x m with flanges z b connecting the bars to the header x n.
ends of each of the coils a project through the front end of the boiler where they
are connected by suitable end connections x g, shown in Figure 11. One end of
the upper end of the upper coil is connected with the steam space in the boiler
at o w while one of the ends of the lower coil x is connected with the water leg
at xh and the lower coil O at a v. The connecting pipes are provided with
valves 20 and 2b, while the upper connecting pipe which connects the upper coil
with the steam space is provided with a valve u. When the series of coils are
used as circulators for increasing the power of the boiler, valve 2ª must be closed,
while valves 2b and u i must be opened, the water will now pass from the water
leg ath, through the series of coils and be discharged therefrom into the steam
space at o w; but when the boiler is to be fed with water through the said series
of coils, valve u i must be closed, and the water forced in to the upper coil at x a,
whence it will circulate downward and be discharged into the water leg at a h.
When the series of coils a are to be employed in making a gas or gaseous vapor
in connection with the lower coil O, valves 2b and u i must be closed and
valve 2ª opened, after which water and combustible liquids can be forced in to the
upper coila and thence circulate downward through the series and be
discharged from thence into the lower coil O at xv from whence it circulates
downward and is discharged into the front header x n which is connected to the
lower end of the coil by elbow and nipple 2 f.
The upper passagen in the header is for conducting combustible liquids from
pipe to the grate bars shown in Figure 9. The valve f is for controlling
the supply of liquid fuel, while valve 2ª can be a check valve or a suitable
contrivance to prevent an overflow of the liquid fuel from the great bars; the
valve 2 e is for draining the pipes and header when necessary. The cross
supporting pipes are shown terminating in fittings c, while the two extreme ends
of the coil terminate in the water leg at ta and steam space at t b. The packing
rings which form a tight joint and the projecting ends of the coils are shown
at f; the packing rings for the cross pipe are shown in Figure 8.
The modification of the herein-described devices are numerous, but all subject
to the main principles involved in the Invention. The water, steam and com-
bustible liquids can be forced into the gas or gaseous vapor generator by various
means, which may be combined in different ways; the water for the gas
generating coil can be taken directly from the boiler by means of a small pipe
connecting with said boiler below the low water line. The water which would pass
through this pipe can be controlled by a suitable valve. The induction of water
into the coiled generator can be through a suitable injector which would draw and
force combustible liquids along with it, and further more, this jet of water can be
taken from the coils which will perform a similar function. One or more of the
lower turns of the generator for generating gas or gaseous vapor can be perforated
and the gas discharged therefrom into the furnace.

page_text: The heating and circulating coils a should be made in such manner that they
can be easily taken out and replaced when necessary. Those shown in Figures 1
and 8 are made several inches shorter than the fire-box, so that they can be moved
back against the tube sheet, thereby relieving the connecting ends which project
through the walls of the fire-box by retracting them within the box and allowing
them to be removed through the bottom of the furnace; when these coils are
removed, it will be necessary to remove the supporting pipes by disconnecting
the return bends upon the outside of the furnace and drawing said supporting
pipes out, thus relieving the coil. The generating coil O should be made as
described and connected to the injector by a nipple which passes through the wall
and a right and left coupling within the furnace as shown in Figure 9.
2'
Heating coils might be placed in the smoke-box of a Locomotive and attached
to the back tube sheet whereby a circulation through the pipe would be esta-
blished, thereby arresting some of the heat which is projected into the smoke-
box; and also, the feed water can be forced into these pipes and from thence into
the boiler.
A grate, provided with a thousand, more or less, jets can be used if necessary.
Such grates are expensive and cumbersome and when subjected to the movement
and incessant jar and clatter of a locomotive fire-box, their usefulness will cease
in a short time; and furthermore, where a multitude of small jets protrude through
a corresponding number of small openings arranged in a plate which covers the
entire area of the fire-box, minus said openings, a sufficient draft cannot be induced
by discharging gas from jets under low pressure, for as this gas does contain a
great amount of hydrogen, it will require for perfect combustion, from fifteen to
twenty times its bulk in air; therefore, with gas issuing in jets under low pressure,
it will, when depending on this source alone, be impossible to draw air enough
into the furnace to form complete combustion; although the products of combus-
tion escaping from the stack may not be seen, that does not prove that there is no
free hydrogen and carbonic oxide (which are of themselves colorless gases) escaping
within said products of combustion. With my device, the entire area of the
furnace is left open, minus the device which is necessary for conducting and
properly distributing the gases over the area and through the entire fire-box
and flues leading therefrom when necessary.
The high velocity and manner in which the high pressure gas or gaseous
vapor is discharged into the fire-box will have a tendency to draw air into the
fire-box with it; but this source alone should not be depended upon in all cases
especially for a locomotive where the capacity of the fire-box and boiler are limited,
artificial means for obtaining the draft must be resorted to, as is now done by the
exhaust steam, or as can be done by other means.
The ash-pan with its two adjustable end gates or dampers should be retained,
as shown in Figures 1 and 2, for, when the locomotive is in motion with one of
said dampers open, a current of air will be forced in, which will, under some
conditions, be sufficient to form complete combustion with the gases in the
furnace.
I do not limit myself to less than the maximum amount of tubular grate bars
consistent with a minimum amount of area for draft; nor to the minimum
amount of grate-bars to the maximum amount of area for draft; in practice
the mean should be adopted. The heat can be very easily controlled by the
engineer when running his locomotive. The draught being controlled by the
damper at the ends of the ash-pan while the combustible liquids and steam are
controlled by opening and closing the proper valves; sight holes should be formed
in the shell or wall of the furnace so as to enable the engineer to observe and
control the flame.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is
TAU
M
hand in the stra

page_text: pressure into and through a heated coil and discharging the gaseous products of their
decomposition directly into the fire-box and there causing their combustion by a
suitable supply of air
Second in a device for heating steam boilers a steam supply pipe connecting
with the exhaust pipe of a locomotive engine and with the injector in
combination with an oil supply pipe the injector and the coil generator within the
fire-box
Third In a device for heating locomotive steam boilers the oil tank located in
the tender and the oil supply pipe therefrom having a spring coil for permitting
lateral movement in combination with the generating and heating device in the
fire-box of the boiler
Fourth A water heating and circulating device consisting of a series of coils
located in the fire-box of the boiler and connected above and below therewith in
combination with the coil gaseous vapor generator also located in the fire-box and
suitable connections substantially as described
Fifth A water heating and circulating device consisting of a series of coils
located in the fire-box of a steam boiler and having external circulating
connections and connecting with the boiler below and above the water line,
substantially as described
Sixth A water heating and circulating device consisting of a series of coils
located in the fire-box of the steam boiler and having external circulating
connections and connecting with the boiler below the water line in combination
with an injector connecting therewith for supplying water to the boiler.
Seventh In a device for heating steam boilers a burner grate composed of
tubular headers and connecting tubular perforated grate bars provided with open
channels in their surface in combination with an oil supply pipe opening into
channels
Eighth In a device for heating steam boilers a burner grate composed of
tubular headers and connecting tubular perforated grate bars provided with open
channels in their upper surfaces in combination with a gas supply pipe connected
to the tubular headers and bars and an oil supply pipe opening into the channels
Ninth In a device for heating steam boilers and heating and circulating liquids
the supporting standards = m extending vertically between the outer and
inner shell of the boiler surrounding the fire-box and provided with suitable
openings and packing boxes for making a tight joint round the pipes extending
through the shells
Tenth In a device for heating steam boilers and generating coils extending
around the four sides of the fire-box from near the bottom thereof up to the lower
tubes of the boiler and then extending by return bends and elbow fittings around
the remaining three sides of the box to the desired heigth whereby the passage
between the box and tubes is left unobstructed for the passage of flame and hot
products of combustion into the tubes of the boiler
Eleventh In the herein described invention the process of generating a gas or
gaseous fuel which consists in forcing combined combustible liquid and water into
a heated conduit or conduits located in a furnace wherein the combustible liquid
and water forms a gas or gaseous vapor which is discharged into said furnace for
immediate combustion the heat from which produces the gas so generated while
the surplus heat is utilized for other purposes
Twelfth In a device for heating steam boilers a steam supply pipe an injector
and oil supply pipe connecting therewith in combination with a coil generator
located in the fire-box of the boiler and a suitable perforated grate for burning the
gaseous vapor generated in the coil generator
Thirteenth In a locomotive tender, the herein-described method of transporting
liquids from which motive power and fuel is generated for driving a locomotive,
tender, and train of cars, consisting of a water tank provided with suitable
sectional reservoirs fixed at suitable distances apart, and connected by suitable

page_text: connections, whereby the said reservoirs can be filled with combustible liquids, and
by which said liquid is drawn therefrom and forced into an apparatus for
generating gas to run a locomotive and train of cars with In witness whereof I
the said William Frank Browne have hereunto set my hand and Seal this
5 27th day of June A.D. 1882.