Improved System for the Storage of Cold, the Preservation and Transportation of Frozen Goods.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improved System for the Storage of Cold, the Preservation and
Transportation of Frozen Goods.
I, CÉLESTE JOLY, 318, City Road, London, E.C., Inventor, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It is noteworthy that, in spite of all previous attempts to preserve goods in a
frozen condition for a period extending over three or four days, simply by means
of ice or stored cold, all the processes now in use are quite unequal to the purpose
and such goods as ice-creams, scented or acidulated ices and the like have never
been satisfactorily preserved for a period of over three days in spite of the large
quantity of liquid cooled to a degree of cold sometimes much lower than the
freezing point of water, of ice and salt or cooling mixtures stored into the casks.
boxes or barrels used for their preservation and transportation. I have remarked
that this comes from the fact that when ice is used to maintain the cold, the
degree of cold obtained is never lower than the freezing point of water which is
insufficient, that salt can cause ice to melt and thereby give out the cold stored in
it according to the laws of latent heat but that this method, although producing
a low degree of cold for a time, is unfit to maintain cold for a length of time
because once the ice is melted, there is no more cold in store, and that liquids
cooled to a low temperature give the required cold for a short time but, as there
is no latent cold in them since it is only when the ice melts that the liquid thus
formed absorbs the heat it requires for its existence as a liquid, a quantity of
ice containing about twenty one times as much cold as the same quantity of liquid
brought to a like low temperature, this cold cannot last long and the frozen goods
it is intended to keep frozen melt even in spite of large quantities of insulating
matter.
My invention consists of all ways to freeze water containing such salts or other
substances in solution as will hinder it from freezing before the temperature
reached is as low as required for the purpose for which it is meant, namely, the
preservation of frozen goods under a frozen state for a long length of time, long
enough to allow of their being transported to distant places without their being
spoiled and without attendance.
According to the laws of latent heat, when my low freezing point ice melts, the
liquid formed absorbs heat from the solid mass and as long as the whole ice is not
melted, the degree of cold remains the same and after it is all melted, the cold
liquid formed is still sufficient to maintain the goods under their frozen condition
for a length of time. The quantity of cold I thus store in a given volume of low
freezing point ice is about twenty one times more considerable than the quantity
stored in the same volume of liquid brought to as low a degree of temperature.
With proper insulation, I can thus keep goods frozen for a period of at least two
months, without any attendance, further trouble or expense whereas the longest
time they have been preserved up to this day averages only three days.

page_text: My invention consists likewise of all ways to make the apparatuses and machines
used to form my low freezing point ice, to shape and transfer it as well as the
cases, trucks, boxes, barrels, casks and the like used for the preservation and
transportation of such goods. The ways to shape my ice and my apparatuses is not
limited to any peculiar form but the drawings are given to show how I put it into
practice.
Fig. 1 represents a tank A containing an inner vessel filled with an unfreez-
able solution as of chloride of calcium for instance; a given quantity of insulating
matter put between the two. The inner vessel is fitted with a cover provided with
holes meant to keep and support the pots P, P1 and P2. C, C1 and C2 are
covers meant to insulate the cold. The pots P, P1 and P2 contain the
low freezing point liquid and on a lower degree of cold being made to circulate
through the coil or pipe F, the temperature of the contents of the inner tank is
lowered causing blocks of ice I, 11 and 12 to be formed. The covers are then
removed and the pots taken out; they are allowed to stand for some time in warmer
water and the blocks of ice come out easily; their size and shape being specially
prepared and ready to fit into the vessels meant for the preservation.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the tank A. and the cover of the inner vessel showing how
the pots can be arranged and their size differ so as to follow the blocks of ice to fit
preservation or transportation vessels of different sizes.
Fig. 3 is a plan of the tank A. with the covers for the pots P. P1 and P 2.
Fig. 4 shows a way to make my transportation vessels. The block of ice I fits
into the inner vessel P and the goods to be preserved surround the ice in B. The
whole is surrounded by the outer vessel a which contains a sufficient amount of
insulating matter. The cover C may likewise contain ice and a quantity of
insulating substance.
Fig. 5 shows a model of pot P to obtain a circular or oval block of ice, the goods
to be preserved are placed into the inner vessel B and the whole placed into another
vessel containing the insulating matter. That pot is first filled with the low
freezing point liquid and this last is then frozen, the quantity of cold thus stored
being very considerable.
Fig. 6 shows another form of vessel for preservation and transportation. A
cubic block of ice, I, is put into the inner vessel and the frozen goods into the
vessels b, the whole being duly insulated.
Fig. 7, shows another kind of vessel, a bottle B in which a block of ice I is
placed, the aperture being closed by means of a stopper S.
The cold I store in my low freezing point substances can be used for every
cooling, freezing and preserving purpose. I prefer to use my ice in blocks but I
can also break it into pieces and I prepare all the vessels used up to this day to
contain my cold thus stored.
Dated this 28th day of January 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved System for the Storage of Cold, the Preservation and
Transportation of Frozen Goods.
I, CÉLESTE JOLY, 22, Lawrence Pountney Lane, London, E.C., from 318, City
Road, London, E.C., Inventor, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
In spite of all previous attempts to preserve goods in an intensely frozen con-

page_text: dition by means of stored cold and without recharging the case or other receptacle
in which they are stored, all the processes now in use are quite unequal to the
purpose and ice-creams and like goods have never been thus satisfactorily pre-
served in their frozen condition for more than three days.
When ordinary ice is used to maintain the cold, the degree of cold obtained
is never lower than freezing point which is not sufficient. Salt can cause ice
to melt and thereby give out the latent cold stored in it but this method although
producing a low degree of cold for a time is quite unfit for maintaining cold
for a long time because once the ice is melted, no more cold can be produced.
Liquids cooled to a very low temperature can give the required degree of cold
for a short time but as there is no latent cold in them, since it is only when the
ice melts that the liquid thus formed absorbs the heat the liquid requires for its
existence as a liquid, a quantity of ice containing about 21 times more cold than
the same quantity of liquid brought to a similar temperature, this cold cannot last
long and the goods it is intended to preserve melt or spoil in spite of large
quantities of insulating material.
My invention consists of such improvements in the manufacture of low-freezing
point ice, prepared from ordinary water with sulphate of ammonia, chloride of
calcium with chloride of sodium, other salts or acids, alcohols or other sub-
stances and of such cases for preservation and transport that goods can be
kept very intensely frozen at any degree below freezing point for from say a week
up to three months or more as required, the amount of time depending solely
upon the quantity of cold stored and the quality and thickness of the insulating
substance.
According to the laws of latent heat, when my low-freezing-point ice melts, the
liquid thus formed absorbs heat from the solid and the temperature remains the
same as long as the whole of that ice is not melted that is for 8, 15, 30, 60 days or
longer.
My cases are made so as to suit the purposes for which they are meant and the
nature of the goods to be preserved. They can be used for preserving ice-creams,
meat, fish, milk, eggs, butter, poultry and like perishable goods as well as for the
storage and transport of cold for any refrigerating, freezing or preserving purpose.
Ice-creams are generally prepared at the very place of their consumption by
means of ice and salt and preserved once prepared by means of ice and salt
again which means a comparatively enormous expense. By my invention
a new and profitable industry springs up because since frozen goods can be
preserved in their frozen condition for a long time, they can be transported
to distant places and they can be prepared in wholesale quantities at the same
place for the supply of a whole district, town or country and the cold can be
obtained direct from a freezing machine. Instead of using freezing machinery
to make ice, it is used for making the frozen goods themselves in tanks of proper
construction and instead of transporting ice for the production of the cold required
at the places where the ices are consumed, these goods themselves are transported
there ready for consumption without further trouble or expense. There is
practically no expense for the production of the cold required to make the ice-
creams and the only one to be met with is for the production of the cold stored
to keep them frozen. To store a certain quantity of cold by this system costs
only about one tenth of the price of the ice and salt required to produce the same
quantity of cold.
The degree of cold maintained by ordinary ice is not intense enough to hinder
meat, fish and many other perishable goods from being spoilt within a short time.
My invention is also most valuable for preserving them and it allows of their
being transported to very distant places which was impossible before except upon
a ship or a car duly provided with freezing machinery, expensive ice safes or like.
contrivances.
When my invention is used for preserving frozen goods or transporting them,

page_text: the special ice is made in blocks which are stored in some part of the receptacles
in which the goods are placed or the contents of a vessel of the desired size and
shape, which is filled with the low-freezing-point liquid, are frozen. The contents
of such vessels are frozen in the freezing tanks at the cold storage works and when
they are quite solid, the vessels are put into the receptacles in the same way as
the blocks of ice: "I find it is simpler and more advantageous to store the intense
latent cold in vessels filled with the low-freezing-point liquid than to manufacture
the special ice in blocks because the contents of such vessels never require. being
removed and it is only necessary to put them into the freezing tanks to store a very
considerable quantity of intense latent cold which can easily be used at any time
it is required.
For the use of butchers, fishmongers, private householders and others, it will
also be found more practical to transport the special low-freezing-point ice in the
very vessels it has been made in and these can be transported to the places where
they are to be used, in suitable insulated receptacles.
My invention comprises likewise the construction of the vessels or receptacles
in which the low-freezing-point ice is made and the cases or other portable recep-
tacles in which the ice and the goods it is intended to preserve are stored or
transported. Although the ice and the cases are not limited to any particular
shape, the drawings filed with the Provisional Specification show how the inven-
tion can be successfully carried out.
Fig. 1 represents a tank A conaining an inner vessel filled with an unfreezable
solution such as of chloride of calcium for instance, a given quantity of insulating
matter put between the two. The inner vessel is fitted with a cover provided
with holes for keeping and supporting the pots P, P and P, C, C and C² are
covers for insulating the cold. The pots P. P1 and P2 contain the low-freezing
point liquid and on a lower degree of cold being made to circulate through
the coil or pipe F, the temperature of the contents of the inner tank is lowered
causing blocks of ice I, I¹ and I2 to be formed. The covers being removed,
the pots are taken out and put into suitable insulating cases and transported
or used or they are allowed to stand for some time in warmer water and the
blocks of ice come out easily. The size and shape of the pots or vessels or of
the blocks of ice are specially prepared so as to fit the receptacles meant for the
preservation.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the tank A and of the cover of the inner vessel showing
how the pots can be arranged and their size differ so as to allow them or the
blocks of ice made in them to fit preservation and transportation vessels of
different sizes.
Fig. 3 is a plan of the tank A with the covers for the pots P, P and P2.
Fig. 4 shows a way to make my transportation vessels. The cold storage
vessel or the block of ice I fits into the inner vessel P and the goods to be pre-
served surround it in B. The whole is surrounded by the outer vessel A which
contains a sufficient amount of insulating matter. The cover C may likewise
contain ice and a quantity of insulating substance.
Fig. 5 shows a model of pot for obtaining a circular or oval block of ice.
The goods to be preserved are placed in the inner vessel 6 and the whole is
put into another vessel containing the insulating matter. The pot is first
filled with the low-freezing-point liquid and this is then frozen the quantity
of cold thus stored being very great.
Fig. 6 shows another form of vessel for preservation and transportation. A
cold storage pot or a block of special ice is put into an inner vessel and the
frozen goods into the compartments B, the whole being duly insulated.
Fig. 7 shows another kind of vessel, a bottle B in which a pot or block of ice I
is placed, the aperture being closed by means of a suitable stopper S.
The cold I store in my low-freezing-point substances can therefore be used for
any cooling, freezing or preserving purpose and

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The manufacture of low-freezing-point ice, prepared from ordinary water
with ammonium sulphate, chloride of calcium with chloride of sodium, other salts
or acids for preserving goods in a frozen condition in portable cases or receptacles.
2. Cases for the transport of such low-freezing-point ice to preserve goods
in a frozen condition and for every cooling, freezing or preserving purpose,
substantially as described.