Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 25th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 25th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes and other
Vehicles.
A communication by RUDOLPH WILLIAM HUss, of Chicago, in the County of
Cook and State of Illinois, United States of America, Tanner.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool & 6, Bank Street,
Manchester both in the County of Lancaster and 323, High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for velocipedes and other vehicles, and
has for its more prominent objects to provide an easy riding, durable and highly
efficient tyre; to increase the resiliency of the tread portion of the tyre and avoid
undesirably long indentations in the tyre while the same is passing over obstructions
along the road; and to attain various further advantages and desirable results in
pneumatic tyres, as hereinafter more fully set forth.
In carrying out the invention, the pneumatic tyre tread is provided with a
reinforcing layer of transversely arranged threads and thread portions, and in
conjunction with such arrangement, various details of construction
employed.
can be
In one arrangement the tubular layer of thread is formed by winding the thread
directly upon a mandrel. In practice, the thread is wound closely so as to form a
tubular layer of spirally and closely wound thread, thereby properly reinforcing
the tyre, and at the same time increasing its durability, resiliency and general
efficiency. A layer of rubber or like elastic material having one side coated with
rubber is then placed upon the spirally wound thread, and upon this is placed the
rubber sheath layer, or one suitably thick layer of rubber can be used in place of
said layers. The whole is then compressed and vulcanised. In practice, the tyre
can be built upon a straight mandrel and then removed and bent into circular form,
or it can be built upon a circular mandrel having a removable section or a gap,
as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art of preparing pneumatic
tyres, or a layer of rubber or the like can be first placed on the mandrel, and a
layer of thread can then be wound thereon and covered with a layer of rubber or
like suitable elastic material.
In another arrangement, a layer of spirally wound thread is formed upon a tube
or layer of rubber formed upon a suitable mandrel, and the same is then covered
with an outer tube or layer of rubber. In this construction, a layer of canvas or
the like can be incorporated within the tyre. This canvas layer is formed by a
strip of a length to extend along the entire seating portion of the tyre, but of a
width to permit its longitudinal edges to terminate short of the tread portion of
the tyre. The tyre thus formed is particularly adapted for high speed and by
reason of the portions of thread which lie within and which are arranged sub-
stantially transversely to its annular line of tread, the latter while passing over
obstructions along the road will not be subject to undesirably long indentations,
and will be rendered highly resilient and active. The absence of longitudinal
threads along the tread portion of the tyre also avoids the sawing and wear which
takes place between the threads of woven fabric in tyres where such fabric is used,
and, moreover, by employing the transverse thread portions only, the tyre is not
deadened or rendered less active and resilient as in the case where fabric is
employed. The supplemental reinforcing layer can, for some purposes, be omitted,
but for a high speed or racing tyre, its presence is desirable.

page_text: In applying the tyre to the wheel rim, the seating portion of the tyre will not
stretch, if the supplemental layer is used, and by not stretching the tyre, the
impairment of the activity of its tread portion is avoided.
Where, however, it is not desired to thus provide a racing tyre, the layers can
be omitted along the seating portion of the tyre.
In another arrangement, the air tube to be inflated in the usual way, is enclosed
within a jacket or casing formed by an inner tubular layer of spirally wound thread,
a next outer layer of rubber which is omitted along the seating portion of the
tyre and which seats upon the wheel rim and an external covering of rubber. The
parts can be arranged with the layer of thread between an inner layer of rubber,
and the outer layer of rubber. The tyre may also be provided at intervals with
openings through which access can be had to the air tube so as to permit the same
to be repaired at any point or points where it, may become ruptured. The tyre
casing may be provided along its seating portion with openings which can be bound
along their edges by bindings. These openings can be temporarily covered with
patches, or the openings can be closed by the wheel rim, it being observed that the
bindings will hold the ends of the thread where the latter is cut by the openings.
To avoid, however, the cutting of the thread incident to the form of openings, said
openings can be formed by transverse slits, which slits can be spread open when the
tyre is removed from the wheel. It will also be observed that these slits or openings
can be employed in conjunction with any desired tyre, and that, if preferred, the
layers can be in tubular form.
Dated this 24th day of October 1892
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipedes and other
Vehicles.
A communication by RUDOLPH WILLIAM HUSS, of Chicago, in the County of
Cook and State of Illinois, United States of America, Tanner.
1, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both
in the County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for velocipedes and other vehicles, and
has for its more prominent objects to provide an easy riding, durable and highly
efficient tyre; to increase the resiliency of the tread portion of the tyre and avoid
undesirably long indentations in the tyre while the same is passing over
obstructions along the road; and to attain various further advantages and desirable
results in pneumatic tyres, as hereinafter more fully set forth.
In carrying out the invention, the pneumatic tyre tread is provided with a
reinforcing layer of transversely arranged threads and thread portions, and in
conjunction with such arrangement, various details of construction can be employed
as hereinafter described in connection with the drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 represents a portion of a pneumatic tyre understood to involve a
tubular layer of spirally wound thread, and provided with openings through which
access can be had to the air tube, for purpose of repair.
Figure 2 is a transverse section through Figure 1, on line ―, and a portion of
the wheel rim.
Figure 3 is a transverse section through Figure 1 on line y―y.
Figure is a view similar to Figure 1, but shows the openings made in the form

page_text: of slits, and covered with patches, one of the patches being turned back so as to
expose the slit.
Figure 5 illustrates one way in which the tyre can be formed upon a mandrel.
Figure 6 shows the thread wound about an air tube and provided with a rubber
covering which is broken away so as to show the thread.
Figure 7 shows, on a larger scale, a transverse section through a portion of the
wheel rim with a tyre having the thread arranged between two layers of rubber,
and also including a supplemental re-inforcing strip along the seating portion of
the tyre.
Figure 8 further illustrates the construction involved in Figure 7 and shows the
tyre on a smaller scale, with a portion thereof in clevation, a portion in central longi-
tudinal section through the outer tubular layer so as to expose the tubular layer of
thread, and a supplemental re-inforcing layer of canvas.
In Figures 5 and 6, the convolutions of the thread are shown somewhat open or
apart so as to illustrate, in the first instance, the mandrel, and, in the second, the
inner tube, but it is understood that, in practice, the thread is wound closely so as
to form a tubular layer of spirally and closely wound thread, thereby properly
re-inforcing the tyre, and at the same time increasing its durability, resiliency, and
general efficiency.
In Figure 5, the tubular layer A of thread is formed by winding the thread
directly upon a mandrel B. A layer C of rubber or like elastic material, having
one side coated with rubber, is then placed upon the spirally wound thread, and
upon this is placed the rubber sheath layer D, or one suitably thick layer of rubber
can be used in place of said layers D and C. The whole is then compressed and
vulcanised. In practice, the tyre can be built upon a straight mandrel and then
removed and bent into circular form, or it can be built upon a circular mandrel
having a removable section or a gap, as will be readily understood by those skilled
in the art of preparing pneumatic tyres. With reference to the construction shown
in Figure 6, the layer E of rubber or the like can be first placed on the mandrel,
and the layer A of thread can be then wound thereon and covered with a layer D
of rubber or like suitable elastic material.
In Figures 7 and 8, the inner tube or layer F is of rubber, and is understood to
be formed upon a suitable mandrel. The layer G of spirally wound thread is then
formed upon such a tube, and the same is then covered with au outer tube or
layer H of rubber. In this construction, a layer I of canvas or the like can be
incorporated within the tyre. This canvas layer is formed by a strip of a length
to extend along the entire seating portion of the tyre, but of a width to permit its
longitudinal edges to terminate short of the tread portion of the tyre. The tyre
thus formed is particularly adapted for high speed, and by reason of the portions
of thread which lie within and which are arranged substantially transversely to its
annular line of tread, the latter, while passing over obstructions along the road,
will not be subject to undesirably long indentations, and will be rendered highly
resilient and active. The absence of longitudinal threads along the tread portion
of the tyre also avoids the sawing and wear which takes place between the threads
of woven fabric in tyres where such fabric is used, and moreover, by employing the
transverse thread portions only, as in said Figures 7 and 8, the tyre is not
deadened or rendered less active and resilient as in the case where fabric is
employed. The supplemental re-inforcing layer I can, for some purposes, be
omitted, but, for a high speed or racing tyre, its presence is desirable.
In applying the tyre to the wheel rim K, the seating portion of the tyre will not
stretch, if the supplemental layer I is used, and, by not stretching the tyre, the
impairment of the activity of its tread portion is avoided.
Where however, it is not desired to thus provide a racing tyre, the layers shown
as a tube in Figures 5 and 6 can be omitted along the seating portion of the tyre,
as in Figures 2 and 3.
In Figure 2, an air tube L, which is to be inflated in the usual way, is enclosed
within a jacket or casing formed by an inner tubular layer A of spirally wound

page_text: thread, a next outer layer M of rubber which is shown in black, and which is
omitted along the seating portion of the tyre and which seats upon the wheel rim
and an external covering D of rubber. In Figure 3, the parts are arranged with
the layer A of thread between an inner layer E of rubber and the outer layer D of
rubber. In Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the tyre is also provided at intervals with
openings through which access can be had to the air tube L so as to permit the
same to be repaired at any point or points where it may become ruptured. In
Figure 1, the tyre casing is provided along its seating portion with openings N,
which can be bound along their edges by bindings P. These openings can be
temporarily covered with patches Q, as in Figures 1 and 3, or the openings can be
closed by the wheel rim R, as in Figure 2, it being observed that the bindings P
will hold the ends of the thread where the latter is cut by the openings. To avoid,
however, the cutting of the thread incident to the form of openings shown in
Figure 1, said openings can be formed by transverse slits S as illustrated in
Figure 4, which slits can be spread open when the tyre is removed from the wheel.
It will be observed also that these slits or openings can he employed in conjunction
with any desired tyre, and that, if preferred, the layers can be in tubular form, as
in Figures 1, 5 and 6.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A pneumatic tyre having its tread re-inforced by a layer of transversely
arranged thread, substantially as set forth.
2. A pneumatic tyre embodying, in its construction, a re-inforcing layer arranged
to re-inforce the seating portion of the tyre and employed in connection with and as
supplementary to a tubular re-inforcing layer of spirally wound thread, substan-
tially as set forth.
3. A pneumatic tyre provided along its seating portions with slits or openings
either with or without covering patches, said slits or openings being arranged at
intervals along the tyre and being adapted to permit an inclosed air tube to be
mended at such point or points as the same may become ruptured.
4. A pneumatic tyre constructed with layers of rubbers, spirally wound thread,
and canvas or like material pressed together and vulcanised, substantially as
set forth.
Dated this 23rd day of January 1893.
WM. P. THOMPSON & CO.,
Agents for the Applicant.