IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GLAZING OF PAPER
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Donkin, of Bermondsey, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GLAZING OF
PAPER." A communication.
Sealed the 16th January 1857, and dated the 2nd August 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Donkin at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
August 1856.
I, THOMAS DONKIN, of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
GLAZING OF PAPER," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad), to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in wetting the paper in a particular manner and by
particular apparatuses, Drawings of which will be furnished in my Final
Specification, prior to its being passed through glazing rolls, which consist of
three rollers, one being an ordinary paper roll and the other two iron rolls.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Donkin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd February 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
DONKIN, of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas
Donkin, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Donkin, my executors,
-administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Donkin,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GLAZING OF
PAPER," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Donkin, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Donkin, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to
say:
This Invention consists in wetting paper as hereafter explained, and then
in glazing it by passing it between glazing rolls, as presently described.
Figure 1, of the Drawings, annexed, is a side elevation of the wetting machine.
A, A, is the frame; B, water trough; C, C', rollers clothed with felt, cloth,
or other absorbent. These rollers revolve in contact with the wetting rollers
D, D. a, a, are levers with screws, connected to the bearings of the rollers
C, C, and D, D', for the purpose of regulating the pressure between them.
E, F, and G are guide rollers for the paper; H is a reel, from which the
paper to be wetted is given off; and K, reel for receiving the wetted paper.
Power is communicated to the receiving reel K, and the reel H, and rollers

page_text: D, D', and C, C, are driven by the paper and each other; to facilitate the
motion of the rollers C, C¹, they are mounted on friction rollers L, L. The
action of the wetting machine is as follows:-Paper having been wound upon
the reel II from a paper-making machine, it is placed on its bearings, and
the paper. is drawn under the guide roller G, over the wetting roller D, under
the guide roller F, over the other wetting roller D', under the guide roller
E, and on to the gathering reel K. In its passage over the wetting rollers
D, D¹, the paper becomes sufficiently wet, and after having been wound upon
the gathering reel, this reel with the paper is transferred to the glazing
machine, of which Figure 2 is a front, and Figure 3 a side elevation.
Figures 4 and 5 are side elevations of feeding and gathering reels for the
glazing rolls. A, A, is the frame; B, a metal roll, free to revolve in fixed
bearings; C, a metal roll; and D, an intermediate paper roller, common to
both metal rolls; C and D are free to rise and fall in their bearings, and
are pressed together by the weighted adjusting levers and rods E, E. F, F,
are steam or hot-air inlet and outlet pipes for heating the rolls B and C,
which have a passage through them for the steam or hot air; f, f, are steam-
tight stuffing boxes, for allowing the upper roll to be lowered when necessary
without interrupting the flow of steam or hot air. This lowering will be
found necessary in consequence of the paper roll requiring from time to time
to be turned down to renew its surface, whereby it will decrease in diameter.
G, driving shaft, with fast and loose pulleys g, g', and having keyed to it the
toothed pinion H, which gears into and drives the toothed wheel I upon the axis
of the lower metal roller, which by frictional contact drives the paper roll, and
this in its turn causes the upper metal roll to rotate. The rods connecting
the upper lever with the weighted lever are furnished with adjustable screw
connections, as shewn at K, to allow of the lowering of the top roll, as before
mentioned. A, A, Figures 4 and 5, are balance levers, supported in suitable
bearings B, B, and having bearings for the reception of the reels K, K¹, carry-
ing the wetted paper, and for the reels L, L', for gathering the paper after
being glazed. From one of the reels K the wetted paper is passed under a
guide roller r, under and over the metal roll B, and under the paper roll D, on
to the reel L, while at the same time the wetted paper from another reel K'
is passed over and under the metal roll C, and between it and the paper roll
D, and thence on to the reel L'. According to the glaze required, the paper
is sometimes passed over only one of the wetting rolls, and sometimes it is
passed several times through the glazing rolls. Although I have described
and shewn the wetting and glazing machines as two separate machines, it
will be readily understood that wetting and glazing-machines may be placed

page_text: at the end of a paper-making and drying machine, so as to make, as it were,
one continuous machine. In such case the web of paper might pass directly
to and through the wetting and glazing rolls without the intervention of reels.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the glazing
of paper by subjecting it to the processes and machinery herein-before
described, or to machinery acting in the manner, substantially herein-before set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Donkin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.