CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING CARDS AND OTHER ARTICLES COM- POSED WHOLLY OR IN PART OF PAPER OR PASTEBOARD, PART OR PARTS OF THE SAID MACHINERY BEING APPLICABLE TO PRINTING THE SAME, AND PARTS TO OTHER PUR- POSES WHERE PRESSURE IS REQUIRED
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHURCH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventh day of March, in the thirteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Church, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said William Church, my exors, admors, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said William Church, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING CARDS AND OTHER ARTICLES COM-
POSED WHOLLY OR IN PART OF PAPER OR PASTEBOARD, PART OR PARTS OF THE SAID
MACHINERY BEING APPLICABLE TO PRINTING THE SAME, AND PARTS TO OTHER PUR-
POSES WHERE PRESSURE IS REQUIRED;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso obliging me, the said William Church, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in

page_text: part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Church, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
-
This Invention refers,―
Firstly, to the machinery used in the preparation of the pasteboard from
which the cards and other articles composed wholly or in part of that material
are manufactured; and consists in the application to hydraulic presses used in
compressing the pasteboard, and bringing it to a good surface (as well as to
hydraulic presses generally), of an arrangement of apparatus which will greatly
facilitate the attendant in working the press.
Secondly, this Invention consists in certain arrangements of machinery for
cutting up pasteboard to form railway tickets and other cards.
Thirdly, in machinery for cutting up pasteboard to form pasteboard boxes,
and indenting or marking the same with lines to indicate the fold marks for
binding up the sides of the boxes.
Fourthly, in certain arrangements of machinery for effecting the printing,
numbering, and cutting of railway tickets or other card simultaneously.
Fifthly, in an arrangement of machinery for dating railway tickets or other
cards.
And sixthly, in an arrangement of apparatus for numbering the pages of
account and other books.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, forming part of this my Specifi-
cation, the apparatus constituting the first head of my Invention is shewn ;
Fig. 1 being a side view, and Fig. 2 an edge view of the same. The object
of this apparatus is to assist the workman in actuating the hydraulic press by
gradually increasing his length of leverage as the pumping operation proceeds.
a is the force-pump rod of the hydraulic, press working in a suitable guide
frame, the upper end of which is shewn at b. The pump rod a is slotted at a*
to receive a small rocking frame c,, which is supported in its place by a centre
pin d. This centre pin forms also the arbor of a small pinion e, which is
mounted in the framing, and takes into a rack formed on the upper edge of
the lever by which the pump is worked. The use of the rocking frame c
is to support the lever f, and allow it to slide freely therein for the purpose
to be presently explained. Keyed to one end of the arbor d is a ratchet

page_text: wheel g into which a click h takes. This click is jointed to a tumbler i,
which is supported on a 'stud projecting from the slotted part a* of the pump
rod, and has a tail projecting outwards so as to come in contact with a stop
piece affixed to the guide frame b6, when the pump rod is forced upwards
by the action of the lever f. The upper end of this lever f is jointed to a
rod k; which rocks on a' fixed pin projecting from the side of the hydraulic
cistern. The click h of the tumbling piece i is kept in contact with the
ratchet teeth by a spring affixed to the tumbler, and bearing on the back of
the click, and the tumbler, after it has been tipped up by coming in contact
with the stop piece j, is returned to the position shewn by a spring' fixed to
the side of the part a. To check the action of this spring an adjustable
screw stop m is employed, as shewn at Fig. 1.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-Motion being communicated
to the lever f, the pump rod a is thrown upward preparatory to effecting a
downward stroke of the piston, and at every upward throw the tail of the
tumbler i will be brought into contact with the stop piece j, and be driven
downwards. This will cause the other or click end of the tumbler to rise
and drive the ratchet wheel g round a portion of a rotation. A corresponding
amount of rotation will also be given to the pinion e (that pinion being keyed
on to the same arbor), and the rack of the lever f will be drawn down, say,
one tooth, thereby lengthening the leverage by the breadth of one tooth of
the rack. The next succeeding upward throw of the lever will cause a similar
action, and thus, as the operation of pumping proceeds, the leverage will be
gradually lengthened. As soon as the tumbler has, by the descent of the
force-pump rod, got free of the stop piece j, the spring 1, which gave way to
allow the click end of the tumbler to rise, will come into action, and" drive
down the tumbler into its former position.
The second head of my Invention, which consists in certain arrangements of
machinery for cutting pasteboard to form railway tickets and other cards, is
shewn in several views in Sheets II. and III. of the accompanying Drawings.
I will first describe the simplest arrangement which I employ' for this purpose,
the principal object being to cut sheets of pasteboard into strips of uniform
width, to be fed into':
'my printing machine hereafter described, for printing,
numbering, and cutting railway tickets.
In Sheet II., Fig. 1 is a side view of the pasteboard cutting machine;
Fig. 2 is a plan view; Fig. 3, an end view; and Fig. 4, a view looking at the
opposite side of the machine to that shewn at Fig. 1. It consists of a table
a, a, upon which are suitably mounted two cutting rollers b, b. These rollers
are provided with circular kuives set at equal distances apart; and the upper

page_text: roller is capable of a lateral adjustment by means of a screw c, which acts
upon one end thereof, for the purpose of keeping the two sets of knives in
proper contact for cutting. Keyed on to one end of the rollers is a pair of
cog wheels d, d, which gear into each other, and cause the two rollers to
revolve at the same speed. When it is desired to actuate the machine by
manual labor, a wheel e, gearing into the lower of the wheels d, is turned by
means of a winch handle f; but a fast and loose pulley is mounted on the
other end of the lower roller for driving the machine by steam power when
required. is a guide piece bolted to the table a for guiding the sheet of
pasteboard up to the cutting knives. For cutting sheets of pasteboard into
strips by this machine, it is only necessary to cause the rollers to revolve, and
to guide the pasteboard by hand up to the knives, keeping that edgo of the
pasteboard which is nearest to the guide piece g in close contact therewith.
When the knives have laid hold of the sheet of pasteboard, it may be let go
by the attendant, and will be carried forward by the rotation of the knives,
which will sever it into the required number of strips, and pass them to the
lower part a of the table ready to be carried away and used in the printing
machine.
In Sheet III. of the Drawings my arrangement of machinery for cutting
sheets of pasteboard into cards is shewn; Fig, 1 being a side elevation,
Fig. 2 a plan view, and Fig. 3 an end view of the same. This machine is
provided with two pairs of cutting rollers set at right angles to each other,
and intended to cut the pasteboard as well as paper for labels and other like
articles across in different directions. a, a, is the feeding table for containing
the pasteboard to be cut. It is set on a slant towards the first pair of rollers
to facilitate the delivery of the sheets to the cutting rollers b, b. These rollers
are mounted in a suitable framing c, c, on the second or lower table a*, a*,
and they are geared together by a pair of cog wheels d, d, the lower one of
which works into a wheel e, keyed to a stud projecting from the side framing.
This stud also carries a hand wheel f, by which rotary motion is communi-
cated to the machine. 9, 9, is a second pair of rollers placed at right angles
to the rollers b, b, and receiving motion therefrom by a bevil wheel keyed on
the shaft of the lower roller b, taking into a similar wheel on the shaft of the
roller g. The other end of these rollers are geared together by a pair of cog
wheels h, h. On the shaft of the upper roller 9 a wheel i is keyed which
takes into a pinion j, on the horizontal shaft k, mounted in bearings beneath
the table a*, a*. This shaft is shewn best at Figures 4 and 5, the former of
which is a cross section of the machine taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 2, and
the latter is an underneath view of the table a*, a*. The sheets of pasteboard

page_text: to be cut are fed up to the rollers b, b, as explained with respect to the former
machine, and when laid hold of by the circular cutters they are severed into
strips corresponding in width to the lateral distance between the cutters, and
delivered on to the table a*, a*, where their progress is stopped by coming
into contact with a fixed guide *, *. The next operation is to carry the
pieces or lengths of pasteboard forward in the direction of the arrow to
receive a cross cut from the knives of the rollers g. This movement is
effected in the following manner:-On the shaft k are two pullies 1, 1, over
which the endless chains m, m, pass respectively, and also over two corre-
sponding pullies n, n, on the shaft o (see Fig. 5) at the other side of the
machine. These chains are made, as shewn at Figs. 6, and have each a pro-
jection or tooth p, which severally project through the top of the table a*, the
same being suitably grooved (as shewn at Fig. 2) for that purpose. As, there-
fore, these chains move forward by the rotation of the shaft k, their teeth p
will be brought up against the edge of the last piece of pasteboard, and be
made to drive it, together with the other pieces, forward between the cutting
rollers g, g. The strips will thus be severally cut up into cards, which will
fall into a draw or box at the further side of the table. The teeth having
passed to the end of their course will, by the continued revolution of the
chains, traverse back into the proper position for driving forward in like
manner the next succeeding sheet of severed pasteboard. In order to prevent
the strips of pasteboard from riding over each other, when propelled by the
chains, I have adopted the following contrivance :-9, 9, are bars secured each
to a pair of rocking levers which are keyed respectively to the shafts r, *t
(see Fig. 4). One of the levers of the shaft r has a short end, from which
depends a connecting rod s. This rod is attached at its lower end to a bell-
crauk lever t, which is provided with a tappet and rocks on a stud projecting
from the inside of the framing c. This tappet bears upon the periphery of a
cam u, keyed to one end of a horizontal shaft v, the opposite end of which
carries a worm wheel w. On the shaft k is a worm which works into this
worm wheel, and thus communicates rotary motion to the cam u. When,
therefore, the larger diameter of the cam acts on the tappet, the crank lever
will depress the connecting rod s, and raise the lever on the shaft r, together
with their bar q, into the dotted position of Fig. 4. A similar and simul-
taneous action will be also communicated to the levers on the shaft 2*, by
reason of the connection of these levers with the crank levert through the
rods and y and crank lever z. This upward movement of the bars q will
take place immediately before a fresh sheet of pasteboard is delivered from
the rollers b, b, on to the table a*, and they will remain in their raised position

page_text: until the strips of pasteboard are ready to be traversed to receive the cross
cut. The lesser radius of the cam u will then come round and allow the
tappet on the bell crank t to fall forwards, which movement will permit the
bars 9, 9, to fall by their own weight on to the pasteboard, and thereby put on
the strips sufficient surface friction to prevent them from riding over each
other when propelled towards the cutting rollers 9, 9, by the endless chains.
Instead of employing chains alone to propel the strips of pasteboard towards
the rollers g, g, I sometimes (to prevent the possibility of the outer edge of the
last strip being injured by the pressure of the teeth p, p, upon it) employ a
sliding bar 1,.1 (see Fig. 2), which takes the pressure of the chain teeth, and
communicates it to the pasteboard. When this bar has arrived at the other
side of the table, and the teeth p, p, have escaped past it, the bar is brought
back to its former position by the action of a spring tape box 2 fixed to the
starting side of the table; or, in place of using the chains, a weight suspended
at the other side of the table a*, by cords passing over pullies, and attached to
the sliding bar, may be used to traverse the bar forward; or a spring or other
analogous means may be employed, if thought desirable.
I will now describe the manner in which I prefer to construct my cutting
rollers. This will be seen best at Figures 7 and 8, the former of which
shews a roller in longitudinal section, and the latter a pair of rollers in cross
section. a, a, is the central spindle; and b, b, b, are the circular knives with
their cutting edges all bevilled in the same direction. This is the case with
both rollers, and by this means the rollers, when not mounted in the machine,
will admit of all the knives of one set being simultaneously adjusted to the
other set by a slight lateral movement being given to one of the rollers. At
one end of the roller Fig. 7 an abutment or shoulder is formed, while the other
end is made of such diameter as to admit of the knives (which are formed of
annular pieces of steel) being slidden on to the roller. Between each knife a
cylinder 3, of any required length (according to the size of card desired to be
cut) is placed, to determine the distance between each of the knives, and to
bind tightly against them, and keep them firmly in their places and steady to
their work. 4 is a screw which binds the several knives and cylinders closely
together, giving the same advantage of firmness as would be obtained from a
cutting roller turned out of a solid piece, and yet admitting of the advantage
of reducing or increasing the distance between the knives by the mere
substitution of one length of cylinders for another.
The third head of my Invention, which consists in machinery for cutting
pasteboard to form boxes, and for indenting or marking the lines where parts
of the pasteboard are to be bent up at right angles to form the sides of the

page_text: box, is shewn in Sheet II. of the Drawings. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of this
machine, and Fig. 6 is a plan view of the same. It will be seen that this
machine contains all the elements of that last described, and therefore it will
be unnecessary to enter into a detail of the parts for effecting the cutting
operation. The indenting or marking of the lines where the bends in the
pasteboard are to be made is produced in the following manner:-In front of
the cutting rollers b, b, a slotted bar 1, 1, is firmly secured for the purpose of
holding a series of marking tools 2, 2, which are fixed to the bar by screws
3, 3. The form of these tools 2, 2, and the manner of fixing 'them to the bar
1, is shewn at Figs. 7. As the design of these tools is rather to indent than
cut the pasteboard, they are ground to a blunt edge, as shewn in the enlarged
views at Figs. 8, and they are set so as to bring their working edge a little
in the rear of the point of contact of the knives of the rollers b, b. . When
boxes of a uniform size are required to be made, these tools are set equidistant
from the knives, and a space is left between them and the knives equal to the
depth of the sides of the box required to be made. The pasteboard, being fed
into the machine as before described, will thus be cut into strips by the
knives of the rollers b, b, and at the same time two parallel lines will be
marked or indented upon their upper surface. The strips are next made to
traverse over the table a* towards the cutting rollers g, g, ás before described;
and a set of marking or indenting tools being also fixed in front of these
rollers, indented lines, at right angles to those just received by the strips of
pasteboard, will be made thereon at the same time that the cross cut is being
effected. In order to present a suitable bed for the pasteboard to rest on
when receiving the pressure of the tools, the diameter of the cylinders which
separate the knives of the lower cutting rollers from each other is made nearly
equal to the diameter of the knives, but towards their ends their diameter is
reduced (as shewn in the detached view, Fig. 8*), to allow of a proper contact
between the knives of the upper and lower rollers. When the depth of the
boxes is required to be increased or diminished, it is only necessary to readjust
the set screws 3, 3, 3, and move them nearer to or further from the knives,
by which means the width of the "turn-up" pieces of pasteboard will be
either increased or diminished to the requisite amount.
The fourth head of my Invention, which consists in certain improved
arrangements of machinery for printing, numbering, and cutting railway
tickets and other cards; in shewn in several views in Sheets IV. and V. of the
accompanying Drawings.
I will first describe an arrangement for manufacturing tickets singly from

page_text: prepared strips. of pasteboard, and afterwards an arrangement for manufac
turing them in numbers from sheets of pasteboard fed into the machine.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the more simple arrangement; Fig. 2 is a front
view; Fig. 3, a sectional. plan taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4,
a sectional elevation of the same taken in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 3. A, A, are
two standards bolted to a suitable bed piece, and forming the main framing of
the machine; B is the main driving shaft mounted in suitable bearings in the
framing, and provided with a handwheel C by which the machinery is actuated.
The standards A, A, carry at their upper end a solid block D, which I terin
the "platten," as it acts the part of the press head in the ordinary printing
machine. Attached to the sides of this block are two plates a, a, which
serve to support four pairs of guide or carrying rollers a', a³, a³, a', for passing
through the machine the strips of pasteboard formed by the cutting machine
first described with reference to Sheet II. of the Drawings. Situate imme-
diately below the platten D is a hollow vertical guide rod or plunger E, which
slides in a fixed guide F, forming part of the main framing. This rod E carries
at its upper end a plate G, which constitutes the table of the printing press.
On this table the type is placed and secured in the chase c, as usual. Within
the hollow guide rod E is a solid rod E*, which is forked at its lower end to
receive and carry a friction roller d. The upper end of the rod E* bears against
a wedge e, which passes through the sides of the hollow rod E, and is capable
of a nice adjustment by a set screw, as shewn, for the purpose of regulating
the pressure on the type. The roller d, at the lower end of the rod E*, bears
upon a cam H on the driving shaft B. At every revolution, therefore, of this
shaft the type will be carried upwards, and made to press upon the pasteboard
which has been fed into the machine, and passed under the platten D; and in
like manner will the numbering apparatus (which has its bearing in the plate,
and is carried upwards with that plate) be made to act upon the pasteboard,
as will be hereafter more particularly mentioned when the peculiarity of its
construction is made known.
For inking the type I employ the following contrivance:- is an inking
roller mounted in a rocking frame g attached to the main framing. In this
frame is suspended a kind of trough h for containing ink, and of this trough
the roller f forms one side, the two being kept in close contact by a spiral
spring whose ends are respectively connected to a tailpiece on the frame g,
and another tailpiece on the trough h, another tailpiece on the trough h.
Suspended from the frame g is a rod i, the lower end of which is forked and
rides over a horizontal shaft I. This shaft receives a rotary_motion through a

page_text: wormwheel k, which it carries, taking into a worm 7 on the main shaft B.
From this shaft I a small pin projects in such a manner as to come in contact
with a similar pin standing out from the rod i (as shewn at Fig. 4), and thereby
throw up that rod a short distance. This upward motion of the rod will throw
up the rocking frame g, and bring the roller finto contact with a second inking
roller f' affixed to a shaft m, which has its bearings in the framing. On one
end of this shaft a pulley is mounted for the purpose of receiving motion by a
band from a pulley on the shaft B, and keeping the roller f¹ in constant rotation.
When, therefore, the roller f is brought into contact with the roller f' it will bo
made to turn on its axis by friction of contact, and give off a portion of ink
to the upper roller. In continuous contact with this upper roller is a smaller
roller f (mounted in the same frame), its object being to distribute the ink
more evenly on the larger roller. To further assist in distributing the ink
over the surface of the roller a lateral motion is given to it by means of a
broad stationary tooth or guide working into a two-way worm cut on the
shaft m. This tooth or guide is supported by a socket n attached by an arm
to the under side of the ink-distributing plate o, and receives an axial motion
from the rotating worm pressing upon its broad face; but, by means of a flat
spring I on its end bearing against the wedge-shaped end of a tailpiece of the
socket (first on one face and then on the other of the wedge, according to the
direction the tooth or guide has been turued by the two-way worn), the tooth will
be retained in the position it has been made to assume until the half of the
worm which runs in an opposite direction comes in contact with it, and
reverses the angle at which it was set. The spring will then have slipped on to
the opposite face of the wedge, and will in like manner retain the tooth in its
new position until it is again reversed by the other part of the worm acting
upon it as before. The ink is taken off the roller f¹ by a roller f³; and as
this roller passes over the plate o on its passage to the type, the ink on its
periphery is thereby evenly distributed prior to its coming in contact with the
type. This roller f³ is mounted in a forked arm p, which is jointed to a bell-
crank lever J keyed to a rocking shaft K, having its bearings at the bottom
of the framing. The shorter arm of this bell-crank lever is kept in contact
with the cam H by a spiral spring attached at one end to the lever, and at
the other to the upper part of the framing. At every revolution, therefore, of
the cam H the roller will be suddenly projected forward to ink both the
type in the chase c and the figures of the numbering apparatus, and as
suddenly drawn back to leave the course clear for the upward movement of
the table G to strike off an impression upon the pasteboard.

page_text: The feeding of the strips of pasteboard into the machine is effected in the
following manner :-L is a trough or channel formed of the same width as the
strips of pasteboard, and in it the strips are to be successively laid by hand,
and brought under the prongs of a fork r ready to be forced up to the bite of
the first pair of rollers a'. This fork is attached to a crank lever s, having its
fulcrum on a stud in the framing. The shorter arm of this lever rests upon
a crank lever t, pendent also from a stud on the framing, and hung in such a
position that its lower end will be in contact with a face cam u formed on the
side of the worm wheel k of the shaft I. The rotation of this shaft is so
timed that it will revolve once to every twenty-one rotations of the shaft B,
every one of which rotations, by causing the ascent of the type table, is equal
to the printing of one ticket; but the strips of pasteboard which I propose to
employ will be of a sufficient length to form twenty tickets, and allow of a
little piece of waste; it will, therefore, be necessary to feed in a fresh strip
immediately every twentieth card has been printed. Now this I am enabled
to effect by causing the shaft I, which carries the cam u, to revolve once in
every twenty-one times of the main driving shaft B, for the cam will thus, at
the proper interval (or immediately after the printing of every twentieth
ticket), present the most depressed part of its face to the lower end of the
lever t, and thus allow a coiled spring w, which forms an elastic connection
between the levers and the main framing, to rock that lever and drive forward
the fork r, which will carry with it the strip of pasteboard last put into the
trough L, and force it under the bite of the rollers a'. These rollers are set
in motion by the following means:-M is a cog wheel mounted on a stud
fixed in one of the side pieces a, and on the boss of this wheel is a ratchet N,
having four teeth loosely mounted. On the same stud is an arm O, which
carries a click for working the ratchet. To this arm is also jointed a con-
necting rod y, the lower end of which is jointed to a lever z keyed to the shaft K.
At every rocking motion therefore of the shaft K (which is actuated, as before
stated, by the rotation of the cam H) the click a, being held up to the ratchet
by a spring, will be made to drive it round, and with it the wheel M, a
quarter of a revolution. In gear with this wheel are two pinions 1, 1,
mounted respectively on the shafts of the top feeding rollers a¹ and a*; and on
the same shafts are smaller pinions 2, 2, which gear into similar pinions on the
shafts of the lower feeding rollers. Thus an intermittent motion is given to
the rollers a³, a³, and the same is communicated by similar gearing to the
third and fourth pair. By this means the pasteboard is kept stationary whilst
under the action of the parts for printing, numbering, and cutting, but on the

page_text: descent of the table g it is rapidly moved forward the distance of a ticket's
breadth, and again held stationary for the simultaneous performance of these
processes to be repeated.
I have stated that the numbering apparatus is attached to the table G, and
that it is inked at the same time as the type by the traversing roller f'.
I will now describe the construction of this apparatus, and the mode of
actuating the same, so that it may present a different and progressive number
to each succeeding ticket that is printed. In suitable lugs made on the under
side of the table Ga fixed axle 3 is supported, and upon this axle a fluted or
notched cylinder 4 is keyed. Mounted loosely on this cylinder are four number-
ing wheels 5, 6, 7, 8, shewn best in the detached view Fig. 5 (or more may be
used if it is required to carry the numbering beyond four places of figures).
Attached to or forming one with the wheel 5 is a ratchet wheel 9 of ten teeth,
which, at every descent of the table G, comes in contact with a catch 10
(shewn by dots at Fig. 2) supported by a stud on the main framing, and is
thereby driven round together with the wheel 5 one tenth of a revolution.
This movement of the wheel 5 will bring up the next succeeding figure
to that which occupied the highest position on the wheel just prior to the
movement being effected, and so at every successive descent of the table G a
repetition of this action of the catch will take place so long as the catch is
retained in its ordinary position. In this apparatus the first wheel is set at
starting, so that the engraved figures on its periphery will be out of the line
of the figures on the other wheels, or, in other words, range with their spaces,
so that the first wheel may print from 1 to 9 before either of the other
wheels are brought into action. When (10) is required to be printed, the
wheel 5 in presenting its (0) is made to engage with the wheel 6, and bring
the (1) of that wheel into a line with the (0) of the wheel 5, and so on in
like manner will the wheels 7 and 8 be successively brought into action,
the one to effect the printing of (100) and the other (1000), as is well
understood.
The peculiar arrangement of parts which I employ to produce these well-
known actions is shewn at Figures 6 and 7, the former of which is a sectional
view of the apparatus shewing the under side of the wheel 5, and the latter
represents the adjoining face of the next wheel 6. The cylinder 4 it will be
seen has ten flutes or notches equidistant froni each other, but at one part
the cylinder is cut away so that two are thereby made to form one wide
groove. The inner face of the wheel 5 is cast with a raised ring or bed at
either edge, and the inner and smaller one is cut away at three places to
admit of the ends of three tumblers 11, 12, and 13 (which rock on studs

page_text: in the face of the wheel), taking into the notches of the cylinder 4. On that
face of the wheel which lies against the inner face of the wheel 5 is a series
of ten stops against one of which the longer end of the tumbler 11 abuts
when it is required to move the wheel 6 round a tenth of a revolution, but at
other times it escapes past them. The shorter end of this tumbler takes
into a notch or groove in the cylinder 4, and when a movement is commu-
nicated to the wheel 5 in the direction of the arrow the tumbler will be
carried forward. Its shorter end being by this means raised out of the notch,
its other end will suffer a corresponding depression which will enable it to
escape part the stops on the wheel 6. But when the shorter end of this
tumbler has been brought round and allowed to enter the wide notch *, the
next succeeding onward impulse given to the wheel 5 will not draw the
tumbler out of the notch, but will carry it merely to the other end thereof;
the longer end of the tumbler will, therefore, in this instance suffer no
depression, and consequently it will come into contact with one of the stops
on the face of the next adjoining wheel, and move that wheel round a tenth
of a revolution. The same action will take place successively with all the
other numbering wheels as they are brought into use, for all the wheels but
the last of the series are provided with tumblers, as shewn at Fig. 6, and all
the wheels of the series but the first are furnished with stops, as shewn at
Fig. 7, and thus the numbers on the periphery of the several wheels will
be brought up in their required order. The tumbler 12 has a tendency to fall
inwards by reason of the pressure of its spring, and it is employed for keeping
the wheel steady on the cylinder, which it does by dropping into a groove in
the cylinder, and the tumbler 18 is used to effect the same object when the
wheel is in such a position with respect to the cylinder 4 as will prevent the
tumbler 12 from acting. A suitable elastic pressure is put on the tumbler 13
by a spring 14 attached at about the middle of its length to the face of the
wheel 5, one end pressing on the end of the longer tumbler 11, and the other
on the tumbler 18, as shewn. In order to prevent the numbering apparatus
(which depends for its action upon the movement of the table G) from losing its
count when a fresh strip of pasteboard is being fed into the machine, and the
upward movement of the printing table is consequently rendered of no avail, as
will be the case at the completion of every twentieth ticket, I throw the catch
10 momentarily out of action, and thereby prevent the ratchet wheel 9 from
being acted upon at the next following descent of the table G. This disen-
gagement of the ratchet I effect in the following manner:-15 is a rocking
shaft having its bearing in the framing, and to it is keyed an arm 16, the
lower end of which is acted upon by a pin projecting from the face of the

page_text: wheel k on the shaft I, which pin comes in contact with the arm 16, once to
every twenty-one ascents of the printing table G, and thereby rocks the shaft 15..
Keyed to this shaft is also a lever 17, the upper end of which is connected
to the catch 10, as shewn by dots in Fig. 2, while its other and shorter
end is pressed upon by a spring 18, which causes it to keep the catch 10 in
contact with the ratchet wheel of the numbering apparatus. It will therefore
be understood that when the pin of the wheel k causes the shaft 15 to rock,
the
upper end of the lever 17 will be driven inwards and made to throw the
catch 10 out of contact with its ratchet wheel, and thus the numbering
apparatus will remain quiescent until the next descent of the table G, when
the pin of the wheel k will have escaped past the arm 16, and the spring 18
will, by its action on the lever 17 have thrown the catch into its former position.
The cutting of the tickets is effected as follows:-On the end of the
platten D a knife 19 is fixed, and a similar knife 20 is attached to the
corresponding end of the printing table. When, therefore, this table rises
to print a ticket on that portion of the pasteboard which is held between the
pairs of rollers a', a³, and the numbering apparatus is printing upon that part.
which is between the rollers a³ and a³, the knife 20 will close upon the knife
19, and at the moment the printing is taking place will shear off that portion
of the pasteboard which has passed under the double printing operation, and
thereby complete a railway ticket, which will fall down a channel 21 and
enter. a box 22. To facilitate the packing of the tickets in the box, a sliding
piece 23 is provided which can be adjusted to any height to receive the tickets
as they fall; and when a certain number has been deposited, this sliding piece
is depressed to make room for, say a hundred, which are then removed by
hand. The box is made so that the upper part may be folded down to give
the attendant access to the form of type for the purpose of removing or
changing the same. To avoid the necessity of having to count the tickets
after they are taken from the box 22, I find it convenient to attach to the
machine a counting apparatus which shall strike a bell on the completion of
every hundred tickets, and warn the attendant to remove them from the box.
For this purpose I cut a worm 24 upon the shaft I, and cause a worm wheel
25, which has four studs (set at equal distances apart) standing from its face,
to take into this worm. These studs I cause to act upon a spring hammer 26,
the head of which rests upon a bell 27, and thereby lift the hammer out of
contact with the bell and suddenly let it fall, whereby the requisite signal
will be given to the attendant.
The arrangement of machinery by which I am enabled to print upon the
whole width of a sheet of pasteboard is shewn in Sheet V. of the Drawings.

page_text: As this machine is very similar in the principle of its construction to that
just described, I have not thought it necessary to shew more than will explain
the general arrangement of the parts and such details as are peculiar to this
machine; and to avoid needless repetition I will therefore briefly point out the
several parts of the machine.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view
taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 8 is a vertical section taken in'
the line 3, 4, of Fig. 2. This machine it will be seen is intended to manu-
facture ten tickets or cards simultaneously, but when tickets or cards are not
required to be numbered progressively, it will be obvious that any number
suited to the width of the pasteboard under operation may be worked off by
merely changing the width or capacity of the machinė. A is the press table
which is made to rise and fall in the manner before described, and upon it is
fixed the chase B for receiving the types: To this table is also affixed a
stationary shaft: C upon which ten sets of numbering apparatus D are mounted.
E is the stationary platten to which is attached by means of a bracket a
knife a in a line with a similar knife b, secured as before to the end of the
printing table. The side pieces c, c, of the platten: E carry the guide 'rollers
for feeding the pasteboard into the machine, and also a pair of cutting
rollers. F, F, similar to those described under the second head' of my Invention.
As the pasteboard enters the machine in sheets, these rollers F are required
for cutting the pasteboard into strips after it is printed; the knives a, b; will
then (after the longitudinal cuts have been made) effect the lateral or cross
cut, as explained in the former machine. The inking operation is effected
by a roller G, G, which extends from end to end of the machine, and is
supplied with ink and actuated in a manner similar to that above described.
The clicks for acting on the ratchet wheels of the numbering apparatiis are
formed of one piece of metal, as shewn in the detached view Fig. 4, and are
suitably supported in the main framing. In order to allow of these clicks
taking into the teeth of the ratchet wheels, slots are cut in the table A, as
shewn at Fig. 3; at every descent therefore of the table (while the clicks are
in the position shewn in the Drawing), the numbering apparatus will be
actuated, as before explained; but when it is desired that the descent of the
table should not cause: the numbering apparatus to be actuated, a cam piece d
is made to thrust back the clicks out of the line of contact with the ratchet
wheels by a similar contrivance to that explained in the former arrangement.
In order to obtain a consecutive numbering of the cards or tickets in this
machine; I arrange the numbers in the following manner:-The unit wheel
of the first apparatus I provide with ten numbers (1) instead of progressive

page_text: numbers, the unit wheel of the second apparatus is similarly furnished with
the number (2), that of the third with number (3), and so on to the tenth,
the unit wheel of which apparatus is provided with (0); the other wheels are
numbered as usual. When the numbering first commences, the several
apparatus will number the cards or tickets respectively presented to them as
(1), (2), (3), (4), &c., but the tenth apparatus will bring up number (1) on the
tens wheel in a line with the (0), and thus ten will be printed. On the next
succeeding row of tickets being presented, the first apparatus will bring up (1)
of its. tens wheel and print (11), the next will bring up (2) and print (12),
and so on, the tenth bringing up (2) and printing (20). Thus the consecutive
numbering of the tickets or cards will be effected with the same facility as in
the single numbering machine. It is obvious that to effect this ten numbering
apparatus must be employed.
The fifth head of my Invention, which relates to the dating of railway
tickets, is shewn in Sheet II. of the Drawings, Fig. 9 being a side elevation
of the dating machine; Fig. 10, an end view of the same; and Fig. 11, a.
vertical section taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 9. a, a, are two standards
secured to the bed plate b, and connected together at top by a block c which
forms the platten of the press. Between these standards a cam piece d is
mounted, which for about two thirds of its diameter is cut away to admit of
the insertion of a rod e, which is jointed thereto, as shewn in the Drawing,
and forms with the cam a crank action. A groove is cut in the periphery
of the cam piece to receive a chain, one end of which is attached to the.cam,
and the other is carried down to a treadle or other contrivance, which by
being depressed will cause the crank axle to rock, and thereby throw up the
crank rod. To the upper end of this rod the printing table and chase f is
jointed, and vertical grooves are made in the standards to receive tenons on
the ends of the table and guide it in a vertical direction. when acted upon by
the crank rod. One side of the chase is hinged to allow of its being. thrown
back when the type is required to, be placed therein or removed.. When in
its upright position and fastened by the rocking bolt or lever f*, Fig. 10, this
hinged piece will hold the type firmly in its place.
The ink reservoir, which is of a somewhat peculiar.construction, is shewn at g.
It consists of a roller having a lip or flange on each end. The periphery of this
roller is covered with printers' ink to the thickness of, say the eighth of an.inch;
and it is secured in its place by being enveloped in a piece, of .cloth or other.
suitable substance, the edges of which are secured to the flanges of the roller..
On the axle of this, roller which turns in bearings in the main framing, a
ratchet wheel h is keyed; i is a jointed click, working on a, stud k, which. passes.

page_text: through one of the standards. This click is kept in contact with the ratchet
wheel h a spring . The inner end of the stud k carries a finger, which
as the table descends is depressed, and the click is simultaneously raised,
whereby the ink reservoir 9 is partially rotated, and a fresh portion of its
periphery is brought up to supply the inking roller. Keyed to a short arm m
is a rocking arm n, at the upper end of which a forked frame o is jointed for
carrying the inking roller p. At its lower end the arm n is provided with a
friction bowl q which receives the pressure of the increasing diameter of the
cam as it comes round, and thereby the arm n with its inking roller is thrust
outward. Its inward movement is effected when the decreasing diameter of
the cam is brought round, at which time a strong spring r which acts on the
back of the arm n will thrust it forward, and cause the roller P to pass over
the inking plates, and ink the type in the chase. In dating tickets by this
machine a ticket is held by the hand in a guide t immediately under the
platten, and the treadle or other contrivance is then drawn down. This
action will cause the crank to throw up the printing table (which contains the
requisite type for marking the date), and imprint the date upon the ticket.
This is now quickly withdrawn and a fresh one is put in its place; the treadle
is then depressed as before, and a similar result is obtained.
When it is desired to know the number of tickets that have been dated
within a given period, I apply to the machine a counting or registering.
apparatus of the construction shewn at Figures 12, 18, and 14, of which
Fig. 12 is a side elevation; Fig. 18 an edge view; and Fig. 14 a plan view.
This apparatus consists of four wheels a, b, c, d, having numerals engraved on
their periphery and mounted loosely on a stud projecting from one of the
standards of the dating machine, but more may be used if required. Imme-
diately above these wheels is a broad lever e, also supported on a stud pro-.
jecting from the framing. To the end of this lever e four clicks a', b', c', d'
(which actuate the counting wheels), are jointed, and on its upper face this
lever e carries a spring f with four tongues, which severally act upon a tail of
these clicks and give all the clicks a tendency to come in contact with the
counting wheels when not otherwise prevented. From the inner edge of the
lever e, a pin projects, and enters a slot made for it in the framing. This
pin is of such a length, that the printing table in its ascent to print the date
of a ticket will strike against it, and thereby raise the lever e, and with it the
clicks a¹, b', c¹, d¹, whereby the counting apparatus will be actuated. The
descent of these clicks is caused by the depression of the upper end of a bell-
crank lever g, which rocks on a stud secured to a bracket on the frame of the
dating machine, and is so placed that its lower end will be thrust outwards

page_text: by the printing table (on its descent) coming in contact therewith, which
movement will bring down its upper end into contact with the pin e* of
the lever e, and force it, together with the clicks, down into their lowest
position. Attached to the wheel a is a ratchet wheel of ten teeth into
which the click a works, and thereby communicates the motion derived
from the dating machine to the registering apparatus.
The wheels b, c,
and d, are each provided with a circular plate, in the periphery of which
a notch is cut, as shewn at Fig. 12; and the clicks b', c', and d', are so
formed as to be in constant contact with their respective circular plates, but
free of their respective wheels until the notches in the plates are severally
presented to them, at which time they will have a tendency to fall inwards and
take up a proper position for pulling round their respective counting wheels
at the next succeeding upward movement of the clicks. On the click 6' (see
Figures 15) is a pin which lies under a shoulder of the clicks c, and d,
and prevents them from falling into the notches of their circular plates, and
thereby turning their wheels at any other time than when the notch of the
plate of the wheel 6 coincides with the notches of either of the wheels cand d,
which will be at the dating of every hundredth and every thousandth ticket
respectively. To prevent the wheels from moving, except by the action of
their clicks, an elastic stop piece h is provided, which will keep them steady
on their axle; i, i, is a box which surrounds the counting or registering
apparatus, and is intended to be locked to prevent the possibility of the
apparatus being tampered with.
The sixth and last head of my Invention consists in the adaptation and
application of the counting or registering apparatus just described to the
purpose of paging books, and to other like printing purposes.
In Sheet VI., Fig. 1 is a partial plan view of my paging or numbering
apparatus; Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a plan view taken in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a cross
section taken in the line 5, 6, of Fig. 1. In this arrangement raised letters
are. formed on the periphery of the numbering wheels; and these wheels are
mounted loosely on a shaft which has its bearings in a hand lever A. This
lever is formed so as to receive within it the numbering wheels; and also an
inking roller B, which revolves in contact with the numbering wheels. The
lever A is hinged to a bed piece C, as shewn in the Drawing; and from the
bed piece two brackets D, D, rise, which are connected together at top;
E, E, are two screws situate one at each end of a slot cut in the bracket D,
for the purpose to be presently described. To the unit wheel a, as in the
former arrangement, a ratchet wheel is attached which receives motion from a
R

page_text: click a*, jointed together with the clicks of the other wheels to a broad faced
lever b, supported on an axle and carrying a spring for pressing against the
tails of the clicks, and giving the clicks an inclination inwards. On the side
of the lever b is a pin 6*, which projects into the groove before mentioned,
and as the hand lever A is worked up and down this pin will be brought in
contact with the screws E, E¹, alternately, whereby the lever b will be rocked
and the clicks will be raised and depressed, as in the former arrangement.
In addition to the notched circular plates before described, the wheels a¹, a³, a³,
are each provided with a ratchet wheel into which the clicks take respectively
instead of taking into the notches on the face of the numbering wheels, as in
the former instance. The click of the wheel a' (the second wheel) is provided
as before with a pin for determining the time when the clicks of the wheels
a, a³, shall actuate their respective wheels, and an elastic stop piece is in like
manner made to press on the wheels and retain them in the position into
which they have been driven by their clicks. The pages to be numbered are
placed one by one on the bed piece C, and immediately under the numbering
wheels; the hand lever is then depressed and an impression is thereby struck
upon the paper beneath. This printing action may be repeated as quickly as
the paper can be turned over or changed.
Having now described my Invention and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the first head of my Inven
tion secured to me by the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim the
arrangement of apparatus shewn in Sheet I. of the Drawings, whereby I am
enabled to gradually elongate the leverage for working the force pump of
hydraulic presses used in the manufacture of pasteboard, as well as for other
purposes where pressure is required.
Under the second head of my Invention I claim, first, the mode of con-
structing the cutting rollers, whereby I am enabled to fix the knives at any
required distance apart to suit the width of the cards, tickets, or labels to be
cut. Secondly, the arrangement and use of a single pair of these rollers, as
shewn in Sheet II., for the purpose of cutting strips of pasteboard for my
single ticket or card printing machine. Thirdly, the general arrangement of
the cutting machine shewn in Sheet III. And particularly I claim the setting
of two pairs of cutting rollers at a right angle to each other, or at any other
angle whereby a right angle or other cross cut may be given to the material
which is designed to be manufactured into cards or other articles composed
wholly or chiefly of paper.
Under the third head of my Invention I claim the combined use of cutting
rollers, and indenting, or marking tools for the purpose above set forth.

page_text: Under the fourth head of my Invention I claim, first, the general arrange-
ment of machinery shewn in Sheet IV, for manufacturing railway tickets or
other cards. And particularly I claim the mounting of the type, the number.
ing apparatus, and the moveable cutting blade or knife on the same table,
so that they will rise together and simultaneously effect the several operations
which they are designed to perform. I also claim the employment of the
forked piece or other analogous contrivance for forcing the strips of pasteboard
up to the bite of the feed rollers. And I likewise claim the construction of
numbering apparatus, as above described. Secondly, under this head of the
Invention I claim the general arrangement of machinery shewn in Sheet V.,
for the purpose of printing, numbering, and cutting ten railway tickets or
or other cards simultaneously. And particularly I claim the application to
this machine of my improved cutting rollers or any other suitable construction
of cutters, which together with the lateral blades or knives will effect the
cutting of sheets of pasteboard into cards or tickets without the assistance of
any other machine or apparatus. I also claim the mode of arranging the
numerals on the numbering apparatus as described, whereby I am enabled to
effect the progressive numbering of the printed cards or tickets. And I would
here remark, that although I have described the two printing machines shewn
in Sheets IV. and V., as equal to the performance of three distinct operations,
namely, printing, numbering, and cutting; yet in some cases (as in the
printing of address cards) I propose to employ these machines without using
the numbering apparatus; and I therefore claim the construction and use
of the above-described machine, as well without as with the numbering
apparatus.
Under the fifth bead of my Invention I claim the general arrangement of
the machine shewn in Sheet II., for dating railway tickets and other cards,
and particularly the construction of inking reservoir, as above described, and
also the peculiar construction of counting or registering apparatus above
described as applicable to such machines.
Under the sixth head of my Invention I claim the application of my im-
proved counting or registering apparatus when provided with raised figures
for paging books, and for other purposes where the printing of progressive
numbers is required.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Church, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid William Church came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.