Improvements in Harrows.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 13th June, 189!
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Harrows.
I, JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18 Fulham Place, Paddington, in the County of
London, Patent Agent, (a communication to me from abroad by William Davie,
of Landsford, South Carolina, U.S.A. Gentleman,) do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more particularly to the blades of harrows, and has for its
object to make them adjustable and removeable. The harrow is provided with
straight hollow shanks or standards, which, at their lower ends are provided with a
set screw. The blades consist of a forwardly projecting portion having cut edges,
A shank projects from a shoulder above the narrow neck, and
is capable of being inserted into, and of adjustment in the standards or shanks
aforesaid.
and a narrow neck.
These last named shanks project downwardly from the framework of the
implement, as will be readily understood.
Dated this 19th day of July 1890.
J. P. BAYLY,
Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Harrows,
I, JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18 Fulham Place, Paddington, in the County of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communi-
cation to me from abroad by William Davie, of Lansford, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Gentleman,) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My present invention relates to the peculiar construction and mode of
attachment of harrow-teeth with a view to secure various advantages of economy of
manufacture, range of adjustment, ease of securing and detaching for purposes
of sharpening or replacing old teeth without disturbing the permanent shank from
its place in the head block, and efficiency of operation in cutting disintegrating and
stirring the soil.
It also relates to certain improvements in the harrow whereby the latter may be
readily attached for close or open tillage, as may be desired, by an adjustment of
the teeth-beam or carrier relative to the line of draught.
My invention consists of the shank and detachable point formed as and provided
with the means of attachment and adjustment hereinafter more fully set forth.
It consists in the harrow frame having the tooth carrier adjustable, as hereinafter
more particularly set forth.
In order to make the invention more clearly understood I have shown in the
accompanying drawings a means for carrying the same into effect.
In said drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the tooth-beam or carrier of a harrow embodying my
invention.
; Fig. 2 is an elevation partly in section of the shank and point detached from the
carrier.
Fig. 3 is the front view of the point or foot detached.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a complete harrow embodying my invention.

page_text: Referring to the drawings D indicates the harrow teeth each of which is
composed of a metal shank d, round, square, or other suitable shape in cross section,
and a point or foot d¹. The shanks d are securely and permanently fastened in a
tooth-beam or carrier G. The latter may be of wood or metal, and I have shown
it as formed in two parts y g, between which the upper ends of the shauks are
situated, and which are clamped together and upon said shanks by means of the
transverse bolts G¹. The lower end of the shank d is provided with a circular
sockets (see Fig. 2) and with an engagement or boss t, through which there is a
horizontal screw-threaded perforation. A set screw t¹, correspondingly threaded,
fits in said perforation, and is adapted to be screwed forward through the same so
that its forward end may reach or enter the socket s. The point or foot of the
tooth (see Figs. 2 and 3) is formed at its upper end with a vertical stem round in
cross section and adapted to fit the socket s.
is a shoulder formed at the base of the stem upon which the lower end of the
shank d rests and which sustains, together with the shoulders of the other feet, the
weight of the harrow. The lower portion of the foot consists of a forwardly
extending portion f of greater width than the rest of the foot and provided at its
point and sides with cutting edges f¹. The said cutting portion of the foot
terminates at its upper end in and is connected with the stem s¹ by a narrow
neck, adapted to encounter a relatively small resistance from the soil in the
operation of the implement.
From the construction above described it will be seen that the feet or points
of the teeth, while adapted to be securely held in any desired position, are
readily removable for the purpose of sharpening or to permit of broken points
being replaced by new ones without disturbing or removing from the teeth-carrier
the main portions or shanks of the teeth. The points or feet may be readily
adjusted to such angle relative to the line of draught as will properly correspond
with the angle of the teeth-carrier, and result in the desired action upon the soil
and tillage.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 4 A indicates a beam or stock provided
at its forward end with suitable draught attachments and at its rear end with
handles A', by which the implement may be guided. Beneath the rear end of the
stock A is mounted the tooth-beam or carrier G, the latter being pivoted to the
stock upon a vertical axis formed by the bolt C, which passes through both of
said parts.
E E' indicate two braces, the former attached at its rear end to the lower end
of the bolt C, and secured at its forward end to the under side of the stock A by
means of the bolt or rod F. The second brace E' is secured at its forward end 'to
the stock in a similar manner, and extends rearward and outward to one end of the
tooth carrier G, to which it is detachably connected. The purpose of making this
latter connection detachable is to permit of the swinging or adjusting of the
tooth-carrier relative to the stock upon the pivot C for the purpose of altering the
angle of said carrier relative to the line of draught, and correspondingly effecting
the closeness or openness of the tillage.
As already stated, the feet of the harrow teeth are detached to be correspondingly
adjusted to secure the desired results. The tooth carrier having been properly
adjusted, it is then necessary to secure it in position, and this I preferably effect by
providing the braces E' with a series of holes e, any one of which is adapted
to receive a pin or bolt el, which passes through or is secured to the end of the
tooth carrier.
I am aware that it is not broadly new to secure cultivator-teeth by means of
shanks fitting in cylindrical sockets and clamped by set-screws, as shown, for
instance, in the Patent granted in United States to Campbell, No. 348,721, dated
September 7th, 1886. I am also aware that cultivator-teeth have been adapted to
be secured to the frame by a shank screw-threaded at its upper end and provided
with a foot. I therefore do not wish my claim to be understood as extending to
such constructions.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my
said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is :
1. In a harrow, the combination, of the straight hollow standards or shanks d,
having the set-screws t', and the feet d', said feet and shanks constituting smooth
and continuous teeth, having the forwardly projecting portions f, and the
shoulders s, and the shanks, all formed in a single piece, substantially as set
forth.
2. The herein described detachable harrow foot, consisting of the forwardly
projecting portion f, having the cutting edges f'f', the narrow neck f³, the stem s
and the supporting shoulder s, the whole being formed in a single piece of metal,
substantially as set forth.
Dad thin 10th - 1901
J. P. BAYLY,
Applicant.