IMPROVEMENTS 'IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Holland, of Birmingham, in, the County of
Warwick, Tool Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS 'IN UMBRELLAS
AND PARASOLS."
Sealed the 17th November 1857, and dated the 27th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Holland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May. 1857.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making ribs and stretchers of umbrellas
and parasols of wire or sheet metal, of the forms herein-after described. I
manufacture the said wire or metal either by the processes of rolling, or
drawing, or by a combination of the said processes. The form which I prefer
to use in the manufacture of ribs and stretchers somewhat resembles in cross
section two sides of an equilateral triangle. The edges of the sheet are turned
either inwards or outwards for the purpose of giving additional strength, and
there may be a concavity on each side for still greater strength. The ends of
the ribs and stretchers may be finished by flattening, rounding, and piercing, or
putting on tips in the ordinary manner.

page_text: My Invention consists, secondly, of the following manner of making top
notches and runner notches for umbrellas and parasols:-I take welded or
soldered iron or other tube, which said tube I cut into short ring-like pieces;
I then operate upon the said rings with dies and pressure, so as to make thin
outer sides concave, or of a section somewhat resembling the letter U. This
I effect by placing the ring upon a horizontal cylindrical die, of somewhat less
diameter than the ring; on the said die is a depression similar to that to be
made in the ring, and a moveable die, which descends upon the former, has a
corresponding projection. By being operated upon between these dies, the
ring is pressed into the requisite shape for a top notch, and by affixing a tube
thereto it may be made into a runner notch. The grooves or notches therein
may be made by sawing or otherwise. The figure of the groove, made by the
method described, may be varied without departing from my Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said William Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1
25th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Holland, Her special licence that I; the said William. Holland,.
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I;. the said: 2
William Holland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use; exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition: (amongst others) that I; the said:
William Holland, my executors or administrators, by an instrument: in: writing?
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe:
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters, Patent......
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Holland, do bereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and, in, what, manuer the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in 'and by the following.
statement thereof, that is 'to say -.
My Invention consists, firstly, in making. ribs and, stretchers of umbrellas,
and parasols of wire or sheet metal, of the forms herein-after described, and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing. I manufacture the said wire or
metal, either by the processes of rolling, or drawing, or by a combination of
the said processes. The form which I prefer to give to the said ribs.
and stretchers somewhat resembles in cross section two sides of an equilateral.
triangle...
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents, in transverse section and.
plan, wire or sheet metal of the form which I prefer to employ in making
umbrella and parasol ribs and stretchers. In making the wire, Figure 1, I,
first roll or draw wire or sheet metal; of the form represented in transverse.
section and plan in Figure 2; and by a subsequent drawing process I give to it
the form réprésented in Figure 1. The lasti described drawing process turns:
over the edges a, a,: in Figure 2, so as to form the nearly tubular portions b, b,
in Figure.1. Instead of turning, the edges a, a, outwards,, I sometimes turn,
them inwards, so as to form wire. having the heart-shaped transverse sections,:
represented in Figures, 3, 4, and 44...
:
Figure 5 represents, in transverse section and plan, another form of wire
which I sometimes employ, which said wire is made additionally strong by the
rib or corrugation c.
ندر
In inserting, the middle. bit or stretcher joint in ribs of umbrellas and
parasols made according to my Invention, I prefer. to make the said middle bit,
or stretcher joint, of: a, piece of sheet metal, doubled or folded and shaped as
shown in Figures 6 and 7.; the said middle; bit is then made to slide in the rib,,
and is secured therein, in the manner represented in transverse section, side ele-
vation! and plan; in Figure 8.; or, the middle bit may be formed and attached
to the rib in any other convenient manner. The tip for the notch end of the.
rib or stretcher. may be made either by flattening, rounding, and piercing the
wire of which.the rib or stretcher is made, or by sliding on the end of the rib
or stretcher a piece of wire of the same form, but larger size than that, of which
the.ribor stretcher is made, and by, flattening, rounding; and piercing the said
larger piece of wire, converting.it into a tip. The stretcher fork may be
attached to the stretcher, in any convenient manner.

page_text: My Invention consists, secondly, of the method, herein-after described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, of manufacturing top notches and
runner notches for umbrellas and parasols.
In carrying this part of my Invention into effect, I take a piece of welded
or soldered iron or other tube, which said tube I cut into short ring-like pieces,
such as the one represented in elevation and plan in Figure 9. I then operate
upon the said rings with the tools or dies represented in Figure 10. dis a
horizontal cylindrical die of somewhat less diameter than the ring, Figure 9.
In the die d is a groove or depression e. The die d is supported as repre-
sented on the base f. g is a second die, which is worked by.an ordinary press,
the said die or tool g being situated over the die d in such a position that
when depressed the arched part h. engages in the groove e. By placing. the
ring, Figure 9, upon the die d, and bringing down the tool g, a groove is
formed in the ring, which said ring is made to assume the form represented
in Figure 11. The ring, Figure 9, is turned upon the die d during the time
that it is being operated upon between the dies d and g, so as to form the
groove all round the said ring. The ring or partially formed notch,
Figure 11, is next operated upon by a pair of dies, and its top and bottom
turned inwards, as represented in Figure 12, and subsequently by another
pair of dies it is compressed into the form represented in Figure 13. The
dies, by which the ring is brought into the forms, Figures 12 and 13, are such
as are commonly employed in shaping metals for various purposes, and I do
not think it necessary to describe or represent the same.
By forming a series of transverse grooves or notches in the ring, Figure:13,
by sawing, or otherwise, the said ring becomes converted into a top notch, and
by attaching it to the end of a tube it becomes converted into a runner notch,
as represented in Figure 14. The figure of the groove i, Figure 11, may be
varied, but I prefer the form represented.
.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and. the manner of
carying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I
claim as my Invention,―
Firstly, making ribs and stretchers of umbrellas and parasols of wire or sheet
metal, of the forms represented in Figures 1, 3, 4, 44, and 5 of the accom- 3
panying Drawing.
Secondly, the method, herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, of manufacturing top notches and runner notches
for umbrellas and parasols, that is to say, manufacturing the said top notches

page_text: and runner notches from short pieces of tube, operated upon by a pair of dies,
as illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, and afterwards shaping and compressing
the same, in the manner illustrated in Figures 12 and 13.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Holland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
WILLIAM HOLLAND. (L.S.).