IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING, SHAPING, OR FORGING METALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING THE SAME.
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dodge, of Waterford, Saratoga County, State
of New York, U. S. of America, Mechanical Engineer, at present
residing in the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING, SHAPING, OR
FORGING METALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING THE SAME.'
"
Sealed the 8th April 1864, and dated the 13th October 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dodge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1863.
I, JAMES DODGE, of Waterford, Saratoga County, State of New York, U. S. of
America, Mechanical Engineer, at present residing in the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING, SHAPING, OR FORGING
METALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
First, this Invention relates to improved machinery for rolling, shaping,.or
forging metals into irregular shapes or forms, such as rolling steel for files,
and steel and other metals for other articles. I employ two side frames of
suitable strength, each having a bearing for a roller which can revolve but not.
slide up and down. In connection with this roller there is another roller, which
is capable of revolving and also moving up and down, and the shafts of the
rollers are provided with toothed wheels gearing into each other. In con--

page_text: nexion with the last-mentioned roller there is a pattern or cam roller, formed
either of one piece or the pattern fixed to the boss or centre, which cam roller
is turned by gearing or friction. The article to be rolled or forged is entered
between the two first-mentioned rollers, and the resistance causes the middle
roller to be forced in contact with the cam roller and thereby enable the article
to be rolled, shaped, or forged according to the shape of the cam or pattern
roller. In some cases I cause the cam roller to turn loose upon a stationary
shaft, and also employ several cam rollers of different patterns upon one shaft.
Secondly, this Invention relates to improved machinery for grinding files,
spindles, and other regular or irregular shaped articles.
In one arrangement I employ two grindstones so placed in bearings that
they can revolve and move sideways simultaneously, the side motion being
either parallel, angular, or irregular, as required. The pedestals or bearings
of the stones are placed in slides, so that they can be moved nearer to or
farther from each other, and the shafts or bearings of the stones move to and fro
according to the length of the articles to be ground by means of any traversing
motion. When round parallel articles are to be ground they are passed
between the revolving stones and turned by being in contact with revolving
rollers or traversing belts and the stones are moved to and fro in a parallel
direction. For taper articles the shafts of the stones are placed at an angle
corresponding with the required taper of the article. For files or other
articles of irregular forms, the pedestals or bearings of the stones are made
to approach and recede from each other by means of rods put. in motion by
pattern cams and the articles if round caused to revolve by rollers or belts.
In some cases, instead of giving the traversing motion to the stones, I give
the traversing motion to the articles to be ground, and in some cases a vertical
motion also, and instead of employing two stones I sometime use one only and
maintain the articles in proper contact with it by rollers or other suitable
supports. When the articles are to be polished, emery and other polishing.
wheels are used instead of the grindstones.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Dodge in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DODGE, of Waterford, Saratoga County, State of New York, United States of 3
America, Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her:
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Dodge, Her special license that I, the said James Dodge, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Dodge, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
ROLLING, SHAPING, OR FORGING METALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND
POLISHING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Dodge, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, or under the band and seal of one of them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dodge, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists, firstly, of improved machinery for rolling, shaping,
or forging metals into irregular shapes or forms, such as rolling steel for files,
and steel and other metals for other articles. I employ two side frames of
suitable strength, each having a bearing for a roller which can revolve but not
slide up and down. In connection with this roller there is another roller,
which is capable of revolving and also moving up and down, and to the shafts
of the rollers are fixed teethed wheels gearing into each other. At any
required distance from the last-mentioned roller there are two or more pattern
or cam rollers or segments working on adjustable centres, which cam rollers
or segments are turned by friction. The article to be rolled, shaped, or forged
is entered between the two first-mentioned rollers and the resistance causes the
middle roller to be forced in contact with one of the cam rollers or segments,
and thereby enable the article to be rolled, shaped, or forged, according to the
different shapes of the cams or pattern rollers or segments.
Secondly, of improved arrangements of machinery or apparatus for grinding

page_text: one or more files, spindles, or other regular or irregular shaped articles at one
operation with speed and exactness, and also for polishing the same when required.
According to one arrangement I employ two ordinary or composition
grindstones, and cause them to revolve and move to and fro simultaneously
according to the pattern, and also when desired have a to-and-fro traversing
motion sideways. The bearings for the shafts of the stones are connected to
right and left handed screws, and are also placed on slides working horizontally
on the table or bed of the machine. The outer ends of the slides are connected
to the aforesaid right and left handed screws, and their inner ends are in
contact with templates or pattern bars or plates fixed to the outside of a frame
adapted for vertically sliding up and down at the exterior of the sides of the
This frame slides in guides fixed to the table or bed and holds one or
more articles to be ground at one operation, the articles being either revolving
or stationary as required.
stones.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures in the two Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corre
sponding Figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a side elevation of one arrangement of my improved
machinery for rolling, shaping, or forging metals into irregular shapes.
Figures 2 and 3 (Sheet 2) are side and end elevations of one arrangement
of my grinding machinery adapted for grinding mule and other spindles for
spinning round file blanks, and other similar articles; and Figures 4 and 5 are
detached views of a modification of some of the parts.
In Figure 1 the bed plate of the machine is shewn at a, it has upon it two
side frames & into which is fitted the cross head c in such a manner that it can
be raised or lowered. Each side frame has at the bottom a stationary bearing
for carrying the bottom roller shaft d, having two or more circular projections
or roller surfaces e. Above the shaft d there is another roller shaft f. having
projections.or rollers corresponding with those on the shaft d, and the shaft f
either works in moveable or sliding bearings fitted in guides in the side frames
or the necks of the shaft work in the guides themselves. To the roller shafts
d and fare fixed toothed wheels gearing into each other, and to the shaft d
is also fixed the toothed wheel i which gears into the pinion ; on the driving
shaft k, having upon it a driving pulley for which a toothed wheel may be
substituted when desired. Above the rollers f there are two pattern or cam
segments m, m, the two axes of which are fitted to bearings in the cross
head c and kept in their places by caps and screws. The cross head is moved

page_text: up and down to suit different dimensions of pattern rollers or segments by the
screws n fitted into nuts n' in the side frames, the screws being held in the
cross head by collars and plates. To the tops of the screws are fixed the
toothed wheels o, gearing into a central toothed wheel fixed to the boss of the
hand wheel and working on a stud fixed to the cross head, and when
the hand wheel 9 is turned the central toothed wheel connected to it turns
both the wheels o and screws n, so as to move the cross head up or down
according to the direction in which the hand wheel is turned. The machine
is arranged for forging or shaping file blanks, one of the roller surfaces and
cam segments being for the two flat sides of the blank and the other roller
surface and segment for the edges of the blank, and when the heated steel has
to be placed between the rollers, the upper roller is raised by means of a
treadle y jointed by a rod to the lever working on studs fixed to the side
frames. When the machine is to be used for forging or shaping articles
the driving shaft k is put in motion and the gearing and rollers are continually
revolving with it, and when the metal is properly heated its front end is intro-
duced between the rolls, and the top roll being brought in contact with one or
other of the pattern segments m, motion is communicated to it in the direction
of the arrows, the shape of the segment or pattern surface allowing the upper
roller to move up and down and forge or shape the article, the rollers returning
back the article at the same time that it is being forged or shaped, after
which the cam surface m turns back by its own gravity ready for a fresh
operation.
Figures 2 and 3 (Sheet 2) are side and end elevations of one arrangement
of the machinery adapted for grinding mule and other spindles for spinning
round file blanks and other similar articles, and Figures 4 and 5 are detached
views of a modification of some of the parts. To the standards or legs a is
fixed the table or bed b, having at the top projecting side flanges c in which
work the slides d, having upon them the pedestals or bearings e, which carry
the shafts to which are fixed the grindstones g, the upper parts of which are
surrounded by casings h. To the under side of the pedestals are fixed the
nuts i, which pass through slots in the slides and the flanges of the table or
bed and fit right and left handed screws j, k, to the outer ends of which are
attached by collars to the slides d, d, whilst their inner ends are connected by
the boss 1, having in it pins which work in slotted holes at the ends of the
screws, so that the slides, pedestals, stones, and screws may be able to move
to and from each other the length of the slots in the screws without the
screws being turned. The outer ends of two of the screws are connected by
the transverse shaft m and bevil gears n, so that all the screws may be turned

page_text: simultaneously and draw the pedestals e and stones g nearer together or move
them further apart according to the direction in which the screws are turned.
At each inner side of the table or bed there are guides o, between which
slide the vertical frame p, having at the top the cross bar q, and at any
required distance below it the cross bar ", which is thinner than the smallest
diameter of the articles to be ground. To the top of the frame at each side
are connected the templates, pattern bars, or plates s, which are guided in
holes in the table or bed b, and have two of their sides in contact with the
inner ends t of the slides d, when the machine is working. The upper cross
bar q carries short spindles or chucks u, having at the bottom centre holes,
and at the top the small toothed wheels or pinions v, one of which gears into
the toothed wheel w fixed to the shaft & having a screw y fitting a nut z fixed
to the inside of the table or bed b. The shaft near the upper end works
in a bearing a¹ on the sliding frame p, and to the top of the shaft is fixed a
wheel and handle b' for working it by hand or a pulley or toothed wheel for
working it by power. The lower cross bar r has also a number of centre
holes corresponding with those in the spindles or chucks it, and in the centres
in both bars are placed the spindles c', or the round file blanks, or other round
articles to be ground, the short spindles or chucks u being raised for the
purpose and afterwards lowered and pressed on the articles, the sides of the
centre holes in the bar being cut away to allow the stones to reach the
bottom of the articles. At the centre of each end of the bed there is a bolt
or screw, to which is fixed a strong double spring d', the ends of which are in
contact with the outer ends of the slides d for the purpose of keeping the
inner ends t of the slides close up to the varied form of the templates or
pattern bars s, the slotted holes in the ends of the screws enabling them to do
SO. The stones have a revolving, motion imparted to them either upwards or
downwards, or both, in opposite directions by means of pullies or by gearing,
and when desired a lateral traversing motion may be given to the stones in
the same or opposite directions by cams e¹ or by any other means. When
the sliding frame p is charged or supplied with the articles to be ground and
the inner ends t of the slides d placed in contact with the templates or
pattern bars s, both grindstones are made to revolve, and are then simul-
taneously brought up to their work by the right and left handed screws, after
which the shaft is turned by hand or power and descends as the screw y
passes through the nut z, bringing down the sliding frame with its contents
and the templates or pattern bars, and at the same time turning by means
of the toothed wheel w and pinions
them the articles to be ground w.
the short spindles or chucks u and with
When the shaft is turned the reverse

page_text: way
it raises the sliding frame and parts connected with it and the articles
revolve in a reverse direction, and as the templates or pattern bars move up
and down they work in unison with the double springs and cause the
slides and stones to move to and fro and grind the articles at the same time to
the required pattern.
When the articles to be ground are sufficiently thick I place them in the
sliding frame in a diagonal or angular direction, so that when in contact with
the grindstones they will turn by the friction of the grinding, and thus dispense
with the necessity of turning them by gearing; and although I have only
shewn a screw for giving the up-and-down movement to the sliding frame and
templates, I may employ racks on the sliding frame gearing into pinions
revolving alternately in different directions, or the frames may be worked by a
mangle motion, or any other reciprocating movement.
Instead of the strong
double springs which press against the outer ends of the slides, I may employ
india-rubber or coiled metal springs placed in any suitable position, and
instead of having stationary cross bars in the sliding frame I may make them
adjustable for adapting them to the varied length of the articles to be ground.
When it is required to grind one or more flat irregular pieces, such as square
or flat file blanks, tools, or other articles of any number of sides, I arrange the
cross bars with clamps or holders for holding the pieces stationary in the
sliding frame, and thereby enable two sides of the piece to be ground of the
same shape as the templates, and when two or more flat and thin regular
pieces are to be ground I place them in pairs, one behind the other, and insert
between them a yielding bed for the purpose of equalizing the pressure; the
said bed being similar to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me dated August 29th, 1863, No. 2143.
In some cases, instead of giving the traversing motion to the grindstones for
the purpose of keeping them flat and even, I give the lateral traversing
motion to the articles to be ground, and instead of employing two stones I
sometimes use one only, and maintain the articles to be ground in proper
contact with it by rollers or other suitable supports, the stone being moved
from the supports, or the supports from the stone, according to the pattern
required. In all cases when the articles are to be polished, emery and other
polishing wheels are used instead of the grindstones. Thus the mechanism
shewn in the Drawings is adapted for grinding and polishing one or more
round articles of a regular or irregular shape, and by changing some of the
parts for grinding one or more flat articles of an irregular shape, and also two
or more thin flat articles of a regular shape, when the said articles are placed
back to back with a yielding substance between them.

page_text: When the articles are required to be ground to a fine point I modify some
of the arrangements or parts, as shewn in Figures 4 and 5, in the following
manner: I remove the lower cross bar 1, Figures 2 and 3, and place between
the casings h a plate or cross bar having as many holes as there are articles
to be ground, through which holes the articles can pass freely as they move
up and down, and instead of causing the grindstones to turn downwards I
make them turn upwards, and prevent the articles and chucks from rising by
the arrangement of parts shewn in Figures 6 and 7. The chucks u have
holes at the bottom in which one end of the articles is held firmly, but each
chuck is formed at the top with a hardened centre, which works in a centre
hole or cavity in the plate e', having at its ends axes or shafts f, g, which
work in bearings h', ', fixed to the sliding frame of the machine, so that the
plate can be turned and place its centre holes on the ends of the chucks, or
turned back to leave the chucks at liberty. On the shaft f there is a
handle, having in its boss a pin or key, which passes through a long slot in
the shaft, and at the other end of the handle there is a pin or catch m², which
can be entered into a hole in the bearing. Thus when the chucks are
required to be free, or to be raised in order that the tops of the articles can
be driven into the bottom holes of the chucks, the plate e' is turned back, and
when the articles are properly placed for grinding the plate is turned over, and
its centre holes placed on the centres of the chucks, and then the plate is held
steady by pushing the handle l', and causing the pin or catch to enter into
the support of the plate e¹.
Fig. 6 represents a mode of grinding or polishing round parallel articles,
such as loom rods, for example, between a pair of grindstones or polishing
wheels. A, A, are the stones or wheels, the axes of which are mounted in
sliding plummer blocks B, B, supported upon the side frames or standards C,
and set to any required distance apart, according to the diameter of the article
to be ground or polished, by means of the right and left screw spindle D
working through the plummer blocks B, or by any other convenient me-
chanical contrivance. The article to be ground or polished is supported in a
pair of brackets E between the stones, and receives a rotatory motion either
by hand or by any well-known arrangement of mechanism, and when the
article is longer than the width of the stones or wheels it is moved to and fro
longitudinally, or the stones or wheels may be made to reciprocate laterally.
In lieu of placing a single article parallel with the axes of the stones or
wheels, two or more articles may be ground at the same time by placing them
at an angle with or perpendicular to the axes of the stones or wheels.
Fig. 7 represents a plan of a mode of arranging .the stones or wheels when

page_text: grinding or polishing tapered articles. In this case I place the axes of the
stones or wheels A, A, at an angle corresponding to the taper of the article,
and in some cases I cause the stones or wheels to traverse laterally in the
direction of their axes.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as. the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
1st, the application and use of two or more cam surfaces of different
patterns for regulating or controlling the distance or space between the rolls
in the rolling or forging of metals of irregular forms.
2nd, the system or mode of grinding and polishing metal articles of
irregular form by means of a pair of grindstones or polishing wheels, made to
approach towards and recede from each other by the action of a travelling
pattern and slides, or other self-acting mechanism for effecting the same
purpose.
3rd, the system or mode of grinding and polishing parallel round articles
by the use of two grindstones or polishing wheels, wherein the articles to be
ground or polished have a rotatory and longitudinal motion between the
stones or wheels.
4th, the system or mode of grinding and polishing metal articles of irregular
form by means of a single stone or wheel, and one or more rollers or supports
for holding the articles against the grinding or polishing surface, the
articles being made to traverse at right angles to the axis of the stone or
wheel, whilst the latter is caused to move to and from the supports, or the
supports to move to and from the stone or wheel by the action of a pattern
surface, or other self-acting mechanism for effecting the same purpose.
5th, the system or mode of grinding and polishing tapered articles by
means of two stones or wheels, having their axes at an angle with each other
corresponding to the taper required.
In witness, whereof, I, the said James Dodge, have to this my Specifi-
cation hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JAMES DODGE. (L.S.)