A NEW OR IM- PROVED METHOD OF COATING OR COVERING IRON, OR ARTICLES OF IRON, WITH COPPER OR ALLOYS OF COPPER
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tytherleigh, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Accountant Clerk, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED METHOD OF COATING OR COVERING IRON, OR ARTICLES OF IRON, WITH
COPPER OR ALLOYS OF COPPER."
Sealed the 24th June 1856, and dated the 18th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tytherleigh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1856.
I, WILLIAN TYTHERLEIGH, of Birmingham, in County of Warwick,
Accountant Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF COATING OR COVERING IRON, OR ARTICLES OF
IRON, WITH COPPER OR ALLOYS OF COPPER," to be as follows:-
I clean
My Invention consists of the method, herein-after described, of covering
iron or articles of iron with copper, brass, or other alloy of copper.
the articles to be coated by steeping the same in dilute sulphuric or hydro-
chloric acid, or I otherwise treat them, so as to remove all impurity from their
surface. I place the said articles in a tray or pan of iron, or other material
capable of bearing heat, and I put into the said pan the copper or alloy of copper
with which the articles are to be coated. The said copper or alloy may either
be granalated or in lumps. I also place in the said pan borax or other suit-

page_text: able flux. I heat the said pan and its contents until the copper or alloy is in
a state of fusion; I then communicate a shaking or rapid reciprocating motion
to the pan, whereby the copper or alloy is made to attach itself to the articles
in the pan. When the said articles are completely coated they are removed
from the pan and thrown into water.
My Invention is applicable to the coating or covering of articles made of
cast or wrought iron, as well as to the coating or covering of iron in sheets
and bars, to be afterwards used for manufacturing purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Tytherleigh in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TYTNERLEIGH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Accountant Clerk,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Iler reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Tytherleigh, Her special licence that I, the said William Tytherleigh,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Tytherleigh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all tinies thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF COATING OR COVERING IRON, OR ARTICLES OF IRON, WITH COPPER OR
ALLOYS OF COPPER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Tytherleigh, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the. same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Tytherleigh, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists of the method or methods, hercin-after parti-
cularly described, of coating or covering iron or articles of iron with copper,
brass, or other alloy of copper, that is to say, of coating or covering iron in
sheets or bars, or before it is manufactured into articles, and also coating iron
after it has been made into articles with copper, brass, or other alloy of
copper.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I first clean the surface of the iron
from scale, rust, or other adhering matter. This I effect by steeping the
iron or articles in dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, or by treating the said
iron or articles with such other liquids as may be proper to dissolve or remove
the foreign matter which may be attached to the surface; or I anneal or heat
the iron or articles of iron so as to form a scale thereon, the detaching of
which scale leaves the surface of the iron clean. But I do not limit myself
to any methods of cleaning the iron or articles, as any of the well-known pro-
cesses of cleaning iron may be resorted to in carrying my Invention into effect.
I tako a pan, vessel, or crucible, made of iron, firo clay, or other material
capable of bearing the heat to which it will be exposed; I fuse in the said
vessel or pan, copper, or brass, or other alloy of copper, and I add borax or
other flux to the fused metal; I put the cleaned iron or articles into the said
pan or crucible, and by shaking the said pan or crucible cause the said iron
or articles to be uniformly heated and coated with the copper or alloy, the said
copper or alloy attaching itself to the said iron or articles as soon as they
acquire a certain temperature. If the pieces of iron or articles to be coated
are too large to permit of the shaking of the pan or crucible, then the said
pan or crucible is allowed to remain stationary in the fire or furnace, and the
iron or articles are moved about in the fused metal contained in the pan by
means of a pair of tongs or other implement. I sometimes fuse the copper or
alloy with borax or other flux before putting the iron or articles in the pan;
and I sometimes pursue a contrary course with the same or nearly the same
effect, that is to say, the iron or articles may be first placed in the pan and
licated before the copper or alloy is put into the said pan. The copper or alloy
may either be put in the pan in lumps or granulated. When the coated
articles are removed from the pan I put them into a sieve, if they are small,
and shake them until the coating on them has solidified; or I place them on a
plate of iron or other smooth surface, and stir them until they have cooled
sufficiently to prevent then adhering to one another. When the pieces of
iron or articles are large I place them separate to cool on any convenient sup-

page_text: port. In some cases, especially where the iron or article is massive, I heat
the said iron or articles before putting them into the fused copper or alloy.
My. Invention is applicable to the coating of articles of wrought iron, cast
iron, and the annealed cast iron, commonly called "malleable iron," as well as
to the coating of sheets and bars of such kinds. of iron as can afterwards be
manufactured into articles without fusion, the said coated sheets and bars
being afterwards used for manufacturing purposes.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it: to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my said Invention; but I claim as my
Invention the new or improved method herein described of coating or covering
iron or articles of iron with copper or alloys of copper, that is to say, coating
or covering iron or articles of iron by immersing and agitating the said iron or
articles in fused copper or alloy of copper, or. by putting the said copper or
alloy on the iron or article to be coated and submitting the whole to a suit-
able heat until the copper or alloy has. fused thereon, a. suitable flux being
employed in either case.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Tytherleigh, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
WILLIAM TYTHERLEIGH. (L.S.)