IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND GRINDING ORES, MINERALS, BONES, AND OTHER HARD SUB- STANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla
ration, on the 29th September 1864; pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send,
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR BREAKING AND GRINDING ORES, MINERALS, BONES, AND OTHER HARD SUB-
STANCES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant. unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and
have made solemn Declaration that it has been communicated to me from

page_text: abroad by the "Boston Milling and Manufacturing Company," of Massa-
chusetts, in the United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement :-
The nature of my Invention consists, 1st, in constructing a breaking or
crushing mill by causing radial blades or cutters attached to rotating arms to
revolve with great rapidity close to the bottom and side of a vertical cylinder,
or (in place of said arms) in the employment of a whirling circular table,
provided with similar blades or cutters, and forming the bottom of the cylinder
in which it revolves, thereby preventing any particles of ore or free metal
from getting in between the working parts of the machine to rupture and
break the same, by means of which devices the material to be broken, falling
upon said blades and held to receive the rapid blows thereof entirely by its
own inertia, in a free and open space, shall be effectually comminuted, cut, or
shivered to pieces, and driven out of the machine by centrifugal force through
perforations in said cylinder.
2nd, in providing said whirling table with an inclined flange upon its upper
edge for the purpose of deflecting the materials to be broken upward from the
table against the sides of the cylinder in which it revolves.
3d, in rounding the outer ends of said blades or cutters, to prevent mate-
rials in the mill from crowding or wedging in between them and the sides of
the cylinder.
4th, in providing the lower part of the cylinder opposite and above the top
of the whirling table and the radial cutters with an inclined surface for the
purpose of deflecting upward the materials thrown against it from the table
or the cutters.
:
5th, in the employment of a door in the side of the breaking mill, through
which large lumps that cannot be readily broken, may, if required, be thrown
out while the mill is in motion.
..
6th, my Invention further consists in constructing a grinding or triturating
mill to reduce the ores of metals or other substances to a fine powder and
carry off the same, as soon as produced, through a central opening in the.
drum or case of the triturator by a suitable fan blower; the coarser parti-
cles being left in the mill to be again and again acted upon until sufficiently
reduced to be carried away by the currents produced by the fan or blower, also
in connecting with said mill and blower a collecting chamber where the dust
or powder may be collected.
.:

page_text: 7th, in introducing steam into the. collecting chamber, fan, blower, or
any part of the mill, for the purpose of condensing and settling the fine
dust.
8th, in the employment at the bottom of the triturating mill of a trap door
for the purpose of letting down heavy particles or lumps of metal, &c. collected
in the mill while the latter is in motion, the dust and lighter particles being
carried away by the blast of air through the central opening:
9th, in constructing the beaters of perforated wrought-iron plates, or woven
wire, with cast-iron faces chilled upon them, and attached thereto by means
of the perforations or interstices, thus producing superior beaters to any
known or used before, light, cheap, hard, and strong.
10th, in combining with the breaking or the triturating mill, a return pipe
leading from the collecting chamber back into the hopper of the mill, for the
purpose of relieving the pressure of air in the chamber.
11th, in combining with.said return pipe of the triturating mill an adjustable
valve for the purpose of regulating the return of the air, and consequently the
quantity and quality or fineness of the yield:
12th; in the employment of a feeding apparatus consisting of an adjustable
spring plate in front of a grooved cylinder, at the bottom of the feed; hopper;
which cylinder has a sliding cover moving as closely as possible to it, whereby
the quantity of materials fed into the mill from the hopper can be graduated
with accuracy and the feeding apparatus prevented from ever being
clogged:
13th, in furnishing the plate or disk (L'; Fig. 10) which distributes the
áir with perforations near its centre to serve as a screen through which the
dust from the return pipe may be passed into the centre of the mill and
returned to the chamber without clogging the action of the beaters.
14th, in the employment of radial distributing fans attached to the
outer side of the air.distributing disk of the mill, for the purpose of throwing
out, to be acted upon by the beaters, the larger or heavier particles which are
fed into the mill, or returned to it through the return pipe:
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my Invention, I will
now proceed to describe its construction and operation, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings forming a part of this Specification, in which
Fig: 1 is a vertical central section through the breaking mill furnished with
the whirling table; Fig. 2, a top- view of the whirling table and its' appen-
dages; Fig. 3, a vertical cross section through one of the blades or cutters
and the table; Fig. 4 a vertical central section through the breaking mill in
which the blades or cutters are attached to rotating arms; & Fig. 5. a' frontr

page_text: elevation of the cylinder of the same; Fig. 6, a top view of the revolving
arms carrying the blades or cutters, & Fig. 7 an end view of one of the
cutters and its carrying arm; Fig. 8, a diminished end elevation of. the
grinding or triturating mill, & Fig. 9 a top view of the same; Fig. 10, a
vertical central section in the line'x, x, of Fig. 9; Fig. 11, a section through
one of the combined wrought and cast iron beaters (enlarged), & Fig. 12 a
diminished front view of the air distributor of the triturating mill, showing its
perforations and radial fans. Like parts are indicated by the same letters of
reference in all the Figures....
i
I will first describe the machinery for breaking or crushing, as represented
in the first 7 Figures.
This machinery is applicable to the purpose of comminuting any hard
Substances that can be broken or cut with a blunt edge, as that of a cold
chisel, which it does by a hammer like, shivering, edge blow upon the falling
substance, the latter being held to receive the blow solely by its own inertia
in a free and open space; whereas in all other machines (except the stamping
machine) the object has been accomplished either by crushing between
rollers, or by grinding, i. e., passing the material between two hard or corru-
gated surfaces, either near together or in contact.
I
'Such machines, however, require a great amount of power to drive them,
whereas this machine with the same expenditure of power will accomplish
many times the amount of work that, can be done by any other machine
extant for a similar purpose; and as the substances to be broken are neither
wedged in nor forced between two rigid surfaces, nor in any way confined, but
are on the contrary constantly falling or suspended in the air, in a free and
open space, it is impossible for the machine ever to be. clogged or ruptured
by its contents. Hence the friction and consumption of power: must, be
comparatively small, and pieces of any size that can enter the cylinder can
be broken without rupturing or injuring the machine, which is not the case
"with any other breaking or crushing engine, except the stamp.
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"
For most purposes the devices represented in Figs. 4 and 6 will answer
the purpose; but for breaking foul slag," and ores containing native metal
(as for instance, Lake Superior copper ores), the devices represented in Figs. 1
and 2, are preferable, for reasons herein-after stated.
A (Fig. 1) is the foundation or platform of the machine; B is a cast-
iron table resting on the foundation A, and provided as shown in Fig. 1 with
a circular opening at its center about one-half the diameter of the whirling
table; C and D are a cylindrical box, of cast iron or other suitable material,
united by means of flanges and bolts f, as seen in Fig. 1, and resting on the

page_text: table B, being confined thereto by means of screws or bolts. The cylinder Da
is full of perforations e, through which the comminuted particles; of the
substances, broken by the whirling table or its cutters are driven out by
centrifugal force. These perforations may be round, square, or otherwise.
shaped, and of any size from one-eighth of an inch to two or more inches in
diameter, according to the size to which the substances are required to be broken.,
The perforations flare outward from the inside, as represented in Fig. 1, so as
not to be clogged by the particles driven through them from the whirling
table; F is a disk of iron forming a cover to the cylinder D, to which it is
confined by means of screws or bolts. g, as represented in Fig. 1.; G. is the
hopper, through which the materials to be broken are dropped into the mill ;!
His the circular whirling table, three feet (more or less) in diameter, with
four (more, or less) radial ribs I, raised on its upper surface in the casting.
The periphery of the table may also. be, furnished with an inclined. flange h;. as.
seen in Fig. 1, and for the purpose specified above. This flange; h, however,
may be dispensed with, the inclined surface; t of, the cylinder .C accomplishing
the same object. J are the blades. or cutters, of hardened steel or chilled
cast iron, shaped as shown in the Drawings, being securely attached to the
radial ribs I by means of screws'n...The ends s of the blades J are curved,
as shown in Fig. 1, to prevent the materials broken from crowding between
them and the inclinet of the cylinder C. In place of; the removable cutters
J they might obviously be cast and chilled upon the table itself; removable
cutters however, I consider preferable. K is a vertical spindle passing through
the center of the table H to which it is fast, the bottom of the spindle resting in
a suitable step in the hanger L, which is bolted to the bottom of the table B,
and the upper end turning in a suitable bearing in the, centre of the cover F,
as represented in Fig. 1; M is a drum or pulley, by means of which the
table H is made to revolve with great rapidity some fifteen hundred times a
minute. The material to be broken, being cast into the hopper G, drops
until its lowest point receives a cutting shivering blow from the upper edges
of the rapidly whirling blades J, by which it is constantly thrown forward and
outward. against the flange h; and the sides of the cylinder C, D, to be
thereby deflected back upon said blades, until it is broken into pieces small
enough to be driven outward through the perforations e. The room or
chamber in which the mill is placed, and which receives the comminuted
materials, is represented by the dotted lines W, and may be of any required
dimensions. For the purpose of relieving the pressure of air in the said
room or chamber I make use of a return pipe X, leading from the room to
the hopper, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1. This whirling table, is more

page_text: particularly useful for breaking ores containing native metal; especially
copper; these ores being peculiarly difficult to reduce in any other mill, on
account of their liability to clogg and break or rupture the machine.
The machine represented in Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 is very similar in con-
struction to that already just described, and the principle of its operation_is
the same.
A is the stand or frame; D is a perforated cylinder very similar in, con-
struction to that described in Fig. 1; it is made, however, in a, single piece;
B is a flat cast-iron bottom, on which the cylinder rests, being. prevented
from moving. laterally by means of the annular cleat c. The top F; and
bottom B are united by means of the bolts and nuts v; O is a door in
the side of the cylinder D, through which large lumps that cannot be readily
broken may be thrown out while the mill is in motion, by lifting the latch P
from its detent q, and allowing the door to open. In order that the operator
may not be exposed to the missiles from the mill, the latch may be raised and
the door opened by a rod or lever extending above or below the cylinder!
This door O should also be used with the cylinder in Fig. 1... K is a vertical
shaft, resting in the step L, and passing up through a suitable bearing in the.
bottom B; M is the driving. pulley; N is a cast-iron wheel, provided with
the radial arms, as shown in Fig. 6, and through its centre is passed' the
shaft K, and fastened; J, J, J, J, are the blades or cutters of hardened steel
or chilled cast iron, attached by means of screws n to the radial arms, as
shown in Fig. 6, and at an angle of about 15°, as shown in Fig. 7, so that
in striking the substance to be broken they will have a tendency to
throw it up. I do not however. confine myself to any particular number
of blades, nor to any particular shape or method of attaching them, as
all these may obviously be varied without affecting the principle of the
Invention.
. t'
As represented in Fig. 4, the under sides of the radial arms and blades are
made to revolve as near to the bottom B as possible without touching. it.
The outer ends of the blades are also carried as near as possible to the side of
the cylinder. The material to be broken is thrown into the cylinder through
the opening G, and falls until its lowest point receives a shivering blow from
the edge of the cutters, by which it is constantly tossed forward and upward
again to fall upon the cutters until it is broken into pieces sufficiently small
to be driven through the perforations in the cylinder by centrifugal force.
Large bones, such as ox-heads, or masses of stone or ores, are sufficiently
'comminuted to pass through the grinding or triturating mill (which I am
about to describe) as rapidly as two attendants can, toss them in, or at the

page_text: rate of five or six tons per hour of bones, and double that amount of rocky
material. The. degree. of comminution will depend upon the size of the
perforations.
For some purposes. the machinery already described will comminute the
materials passing through all that is required, but for many purposes this,
machinery is only a part of what is. necessary, the grinding or flouring mill
being required to complete the operation, and when this is, the case the
materials driven: from the breaking mill may be collected by the surrounding
chamber, and thence conducted or allowed to fall directly into the grinding
or flouring mill, which we will now proceed to describe...
A is the foundation or form on which the mill is placed; B is the
periphery of the grinding cylinder, and C²; C', are its sides of cast iron; D!
is a central hole-in one side of the mill, through which the materials, to be
ground are fed from the hopper Finto the mill; and E' is a similar central
hole in the other side of the mill, through which the finely-powdered materials
are drawn out into the conductor N₁ by the fan blower P'; I' is a horizontal.
shaft turning in suitable bearings in the form. A', and. J¹ is its driving
pulley; K is the hub of the beater wheel, fast to the axle 1'; Lis. a disk
fast to one end of the hub K', said disk being provided with central..per-
forations wand radial distributing fans Y', as represented in Figs. 10. and 12,
and for the purpose specified above; L" is a disk of the same diameter as
I', attached to the opposite end of the hub K, and provided with large holes
d around its centre for the delivery of air and dust; M are the beaters,
confined to and between the disks, L, L", as shown in Fig. 10. These.
beaters are constructed from-three to ten inches deep, after the manner of
a fan blower, and move as closely as possible to the sides of the mill; and at
a distance of one inch more or less from its. periphery, for the
purpose of
confining the-air within the mill (except as drawn out at the central opening)
and giving it a rapid rotary motion, so that the coarse. particles shall be kept
out near the periphery of the mill by the rapid rotary motion of the air and
the beaters, while the finer particles or dust shall, be drawn out from the
central delivery. I construct these beaters either of a single piece of
"chilled" cast iron, or hardened steel, or in two pieces united as represented
in Fig. 11, in which n¹ is a flat plate of wrought iron or woven wire,.with
perforations or interstices, and m¹ is a plate of cast iron cast. upon the wrought
iron, the latter being placed in a metallic-mould so that the cast iron is not
only completely "chilled," but entering the tapering perforations, or the
interstices is most effectually united to it; 0¹, o¹, are screw bolts, passed
through the wrought iron before. the cast iron is "chilled" upon it. By

page_text: ;.
means of these bolts and suitable. nuts the beaters are secured to the disks
Land L S is a sieve of wire gauze or perforated metal, situated between
the conductor N¹, and the shell O¹ of the blower, as represented, in Fig. 10,
the object of said sieve being to prevent particles too large from being
accidentally thrown out of the mill; Q are rotating. arms, either with or
without brushes attached thereto, fast to the axle I', and moving very near to
the sieve S¹, to keep the latter from clogging with dust; U; (Fig. 9) is a
pipe leading from the periphery of the fan blower, into the collecting chamber
T, which is either made of wood or metal, or covered with cloth so that a
part of the air condensed in the chamber may escape through the pores; 2¹
is a pipe for the introduction of steam into the chamber. T¹ for the purpose
of condensing and settling the dust. This pipe r¹, however, may be so
-inserted as to admit the steam into any other part of the mill so as to mingle
with the dust and. produce the required result; V₁ is the return pipe, leading
from the chamber T-to-the-lower part of-the-hopper F, and fis an adjust-
able valve in said pipe, the design of both of which has, been described above,
G is the upper part of the hopper, into which the material to be ground is
thrown or conducted.from the receiving chamber of the breaking mill; His
the feeding cylinder, situated as seen in Fig. 10, at the bottom of the hopper
G, turning.in suitable bearings in its sidės, and driven by the pulley h, Fig. 8.
This cylinder. His provided with longitudinal, grooves or teeth, as shown in
Figs. 9 and 10: ais a piece, of. sheet metal attached to the one side of the
hopper G so that its: lower edge shall, all but touch the cylinder H³, as repre-
sented in Fig. 10. bis a flat spring of sheet metal, or its equivalent,
attached to one side of the hopper Gl, and extending down below the centre
of ithe cylinder H', and nearly touching the same, as shown in Fig. 10. c is
a set screw, by means of which the spring plate may be adjusted nearer to
the cylinder H', or farther from it as may be desired. As the cylinder H
revolves. towards the spring. plate b; the latter will yield a little whenever a
particle too large is brought against it by the cylinder, and thus allow it, to
pass down instead of clogging; e¹ is an adjustable sliding cover by means of
which the quantity of materials fed into the mill may be regulated and pre-
vented. from clogging. (see Fig. 8) is a trap. door hinged at one end to
the bottom of the periphery. B' of the mill; the free end being provided with
a lever, by means of which the said trap door may be readily opened or
closed by the attendant while the..mill is in motion, and for the purpose
specified above; is a catch; on to which the lever is hooked for the
purpose of supporting the trap door and keeping it closed.
b₁
Having thus described the construction and operation of said Invention,

page_text: what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is, the several
devices and combinations and arrangements thereof, enumerated in setting
forth the nature of my improvements, and fully described in the above Speci-
fication.
TA
devices and combinations and arrangements thereof, enumerated in setting
forth the nature of my improvements, and fully described in the above Speci-
fication.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth
day of September, A.D. 1864.
GEORGE HASELTINE.
(L.S.)