IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR HEATING AND WARMING "
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thornburn of Boroughbridge in the County
of York for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES
FOR HEATING AND WARMING "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thornburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1882.
WILLIAM THORNBURN of Boroughbridge in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR HEATING AND WARMING."
The object of my said invention is to construct heating stoves in such a
manner that the products of combustion may be free from smoke and smell, and
that the heat may be applied by means of a large metallic heating surface to the
heating of air, or air may be, heated by contact with hot water tubes, the water
being heated by such stoves, or by a combination of both such methods.
I construct stoves (preferably) of an upright cylindrical form, but they may be
made of any other form desired, as square, elliptical, polygonal or otherwise; and
the word "cylinder" herein after used is intended to include all suitable forms.
The stove consists of two concentric cylinders, leaving an annular space between
them. The inner cylinder is fitted with a large number of cross tubes, passing
through on opposite sides of the inner cylinder, and fitted at an angle and air and
water tight. These tubes are open at both ends to the annular space between
the two cylinders. When water is not used as a medium for distributing the heat,
these tubes are filled with air, which circulates through them and through the
annular space between the cylinders; entering at the bottom through suitable
perforations. The heat which is communicated to the cross tubes, is taken up by
the circulating air and carried, through an ornamental perforated cover to the
apartment to be warmed.
When it is preferred to use water tubes to distribute the heat, the annular space
being made watertight, is connected by means of circulating pipes, one near the
top and the other near the bottom of such annular space, to a set of annular water

page_text: pipes, the annular spaces being filled with water. The hot water flows through
the upper pipe, and the colder water returns through the lower pipe. By these
means the cylinders and tubes act as a circulating tubulous boiler.
The water tube apparatus is constructed of concentric tubes the larger tube
being about half an inch or more larger in diameter than the inner tube. The
space between these tubes is filled with water. The central space of the inner
tube is utilised for the passage of air to be warmed, and the outside of the larger
tube is left uncovered in order also to warm the air in contact therewith. The
water tube apparatus may consist of any number of tubes placed horizontally
vertically, diagonally, or otherwise. The ends of these tubes communicate with
water and air spaces, common to all the tubes, to which the respective tubes are
fitted, air and water tight. These spaces or receptacles may be rectangular or
otherwise, and connect all the tubes together. The larger tubes are in communi-
cation with the water spaces and the inner tubes pass through the water spaces
and are in communication with the air spaces or passages.
One or more small tubes are fitted whereby the apparatus is kept full of water.
When the tubes are placed in a vertical position separate air spaces are not
required as the air can then pass directly through each inner tube, but when the
tubes are placed horizontally such spaces may be used to collect air at one end;
pass it through the inner tube: and conduct the heated air out at the other end.
The means whereby the tubulous cylinder is heated, may be varied.
If coke or gas is used a chimney or flue is required to carry away the products
of combustion, and prevent disagreeable effluvia from mixing with the heated air.
When petroleum lamps are used, I fit such lamps with duplex wicks and glass
chimnies but such chimnies do not project into the cylinders. The connection
between the glass chimnies and the cylinders is effected by means of metallic
tubes surrounding the glass chimnies and entering the end of the inner cylinder.
The light which is produced by the combustion of the gas or petroleum may be
utilised to illumine the apartment where the stove is situated.
Other carbon oils may be used instead of petroleum if preferred.
I sometimes fit a moveable kettle, oven, or other cooking apparatus to the top of
the stove, for culinary purposes.
When the stove is required for heating the air in an apartment, I sometimes
provide and fit an ornamental guard or screen, surrounding the stove and having
colored glass, tale, or other transparent material fitted thereto, to give the stove an
ornamental and cheerful appearance. Such screen is so made as to allow free
access of air to the stove.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Thornburn in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th February 1883.
WILLIAM THORNBURN of Boroughbridge in the County of York "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR HEATING AND WARMING
"
The object of my said Invention is to construct heating stoves in such a manner
that the products of combustion may be free from smoke and smell and that the
heat may be applied by means of a large metallic heating, surface to the heating of
air, or air may be heated by contact with hot water tubes, the water being heated
by such stoves, or by a combination of both such methods.
I construct stoves (preferably) of an upright cylindrical form, but they may be
made of any other form desired, as square, elliptical, polygonal or otherwise and
the word "cylinder" hereinafter used is intended to include all suitable forms.
The stove consists of two concentric cylinders leaving an annular space between
them. The inner cylinder is fitted with a large number of cross tubes, passing
through on opposite sides of the inner cylinder, and fitted at an angle and air and
water tight. These tubes are open at both ends to the annular space between the
two cylinders. When water is not used as a medium for distributing the heat
these tubes are filled with air, which circulates through them and through the
annular space between the cylinders, entering at the bottom through suitable
perforations The heat which is communicated to the cross tubes, is taken up by
the circulating air and carried, through an ornamental perforated cover to the
apartment to be warmed.
When it is preferred to use water tubes to distribute the heat, the annular
space being made water tight, is connected by means of circulating pipes, one near
the top and the other near the bottom of such annular space, to a set of annular
water pipes the annular spaces being filled with water." The hot water flows
through the upper pipe, and the colder water returns through the lower pipe.
By these means the cylinders and tubes act as a circulating tubulous boiler.
The water tube apparatus is constructed of concentric tubes, the larger tube
being about half an inch or more larger in diameter than the inner tube. The
space between these tubes is filled with water. The central space of the inner
tube is utilised for the passage of air to be warmed, and the outside of the large
tube is left uncovered in order also to warm the air in contact therewith.
The water tube apparatus may consist of any number of tubes placed
horizontally, vertically diagonally, or otherwise.
The ends of these tubes communicate with water and air spaces, common to all
the tubes, to which the respective tubes are fitted, air and water tight. These
spaces or receptacles may be rectangular or otherwise, and connect all the tubes
together. The larger tubes are in communication with the water spaces, and the
inner tubes pass through the water spaces to and are in communication with the
air spaces or passages.
One or more small tubes are fitted whereby the apparatus is kept full of water.
When the tubes are placed in a vertical position separate air spaces are not
required as the air can then pass directly through each inner tube, but when the
tubes are placed horizontally such spaces may be used to collect air at one end:
pass it through the inner tube and conduct the heated air out at the other end.
The means whereby the tubulous cylinder is heated, may be varied.
If coke or gas is used a chimney or flue is required to carry away the products
of combustin, and prevent disagreeable effluvia from mixing with the heated air.

page_text: When petroleum lamps are used, I fit such lamps with duplex wicks and glass
chimnies, but such chimnies do not project into the cylinders. The connection
between the glass chimnies and the cylinders is effected by means of metallic
tubes, surrounding the glass chimnies and entering the end of the inner cylinder.
The light which is produced by the combustion of the gas or petroleum may be
utilised to illumine the apartment where the stove is situated.
Other carbon oils may be used instead of petroleum if preferred.
I sometimes fit a moveable kettle, oven, or other cooking apparatus to the top of
the stove for culinary purposes.
When the stove is required for heating the air in an apartment, I sometimes
provide and fit an ornamental guard or screen, surrounding the stove, and having
colored glass, tale, or other transparent material fitted thereto, to give the stove an
ornamental and cheerful appearance. Such screen is so made as to allow free
access of air to the stove.
And in order that my said invention may be more clearly understood, reference
is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation, shewing the two cylinders, for heating air, with
cross tubes as shewn. These tubes are brazed into and through the wall of the
inner cylinder, or otherwise made air tight. The tubes are open at each end and
are inclined in order to assist the circulation of the air in the annular space, and
which becomes heated by passing through the cross tubes. Openings a a are
provided for the passage of the air. From the bottom of the inner cylinder short
metallic tubes are suspended, into which tubes the chimnies of the lamps (which
may be of glass) enter a short distance. This arrangement secures perfect com-
bustion and prevents any offensive effluvia arising from the combustion of the
lamps. Ordinary paraffin lamps are used with one or more wicks. Suitable
openings are provided in the top of the inner cylinder to allow the heated air to
pass away into the apartment to be heated.
The above arrangement may be modified in order to use Gas or Coke or other
suitable combustible material for the purpose.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the two cylinders shewing some of the cross tubes
and the lower openings.
Fig. 3. is a sectional elevation of an arrangement whereby the annular space
and tubes are filled with circulating water, combined with a horizontal water tube
heater. The heated water passes from the boiler to the annular spaces c c, and as
it loses heat it descends and reenters the boiler. The chamber d is for the entry
of air, and the chamber e for its exit after receiving heat from the tubes. A tube
is fitted for supplying the apparatus with water.
Fig. 4 shews an arrangement for placing the water tubes in a vertical position.
They may also be placed diagonally if preferred.
My said invention may be fitted with an oven for cooking food. The perfect
combustion which is secured by my arrangement of burners renders it possible to
allow the heated air to pass directly into the oven, without injuriously affecting the
viands and conduces to great economy.
Fig 5. shews my said invention fitted with an Ornamental Screen, ff are panes
of mica, or glass, colored or plain, for imparting a cheerful appearance to the stove.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. The use and manufacture of multitubular heating stoves substantially as
herein before described and shewn on the drawings Figs 1 and 2 or any mere
modification thereof.
2. The means and arrangements for securing perfect combustion with petroleum
or other suitable oils substantially as herein before described and shewn on the
drawings.
3. The use and manufacture of water tube heaters substantially as hereinbefore
described and shown in Figs 3 and 4

page_text: 4. The use and application of ornamental screens for the purpose substantially as
hereinbefore described and shewn in Fig 5.
5. The general combination and arrangement of parts for heating warming and
cooking substantially as herein before described and shewn on the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said William Thornburn have hereunto set my
hand and seal this 23rd day of February in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
WILLIAM THORNBURN (L.S.)