IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE ORNAMENTAL ENAMELLING OF IRON, GLASS, AND SLATE, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE ORNAMENTAL ENAMELLING OF BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF CLAY."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Winterhoff, of Worcester, Lithographer, and
Henry Chalk Webb, of Worcester, Encaustic Tile Manufacturer, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE ORNAMENTAL
ENAMELLING OF IRON, GLASS, AND SLATE, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE ORNAMENTAL ENAMELLING OF BRICKS AND
OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF CLAY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Winterhoff and
Henry Chalk Webb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
20th January 1881.
FREDERICK WINTERHOFF, of Worcester, Lithographer, and HENRY CHALK WEBB,
of Worcester, Encaustic Tile Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS
FOR THE ORNAMENTAL ENAMELLING OF IRON, GLASS, AND SLATE, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE ORNAMENTAL ENAMELLING OF
BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF CLAY."
Our Invention has reference principally to the production of ornaments in enamel
on plates or sheets of iron and glass, and consists of the process or combination of
processes hereinafter described for effecting the same, and in improvements in
apparatus employed for that purpose.
Our said Invention consists further in the modifications herein after described of
the said process or combination of processes for adapting it to the ornamental
enamelling of slate.
Our improvements in the ornamental enamelling of iron and glass are also
applicable to the ornamental enamelling of bricks and other articles made of
clay.
Our Invention is especially applicable to the ornamental enamelling of flat
surfaces, but may also be applied in some cases to surfaces other than flat
surfaces.
.
In the ornamental enamelling of iron according to our Invention we proceed as
follows:-
We take a plate or sheet of iron having a coating of white or other enamel upon
it constituting the ground of the design. The outline of the design is drawn on a
LD

page_text: lithographic stone, and an impression from the said lithographic stone is taken upon
transfer paper or mackintosh or cloth with a glazed surface, the printed impression
being in enamel colour mixed with an adhesive vehicle.
This outline on paper is transferred by pressure to the enamel ground and the
paper removed without the application of moisture. The outline transferred to the
enamel ground is strengthened by dusting a finely powdered enamel colour upon it.
By the application of heat the outline is burned or permanently fixed upon the
enamel ground. Those portions of the design to be produced in any particular
colour are first produced upon lithographic stone, then printed upon paper in
adhesive enamel colour, and transferred to the enamel ground, filling up portions of
the outline. By dusting enamel colour upon the adhesive matter last transferred to
the enamel ground it may be strengthened and fixed by the application of heat, and
a succession of printings according to the nature of the design are effected in the
manner described. It is not however necessary to effect as many printings as there
are colours in the design, as in dusting enamel colour onto the adhesive transfer the
colour dusted may be different from that to which it is applied, and after firing the
dusted colour will only be visible. A final heating to a somewhat higher temperature
than the heating after each dusting completes the process.
Instead of transfers on paper obtained by the lithographic process, designs drawn
on zinc may be transferred directly to the enamel ground.
In the ornamental enamelling of glass according to our Invention we proceed in
the manner described with respect to iron.
In enamelling slate according to our Invention we proceed in the manner herein
before described, excepting that we prefer to employ enamels more fusible than those
used with iron, and we employ a lower heat; or instead of using enamel colours we
use the pigments or colours employed in the production of what is ordinarily called
enamelled slate. In this last case we apply only such a moderate heat as is
necessary to volatilize the vehicle mixed with the said colours.
In the ornamental enamelling of bricks and other articles made of clay we
proceed in the manner described with respect to the ornamental enamelling of
iron.
The pressure employed in transferring is effected by a pair of rolls, the lower or
supporting one of which may be of wood, and the upper or pressing roll may have a
coating of india rubber, or may be made otherwise elastic. Or both rolls may be
elastic.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Winterhoff and Henry Chalk Webb in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th July 1881.
FREDERICK WINTERHOFF, of Worcester, Lithographer, and HENRY CHALK WEBB,
of Worcester, Encaustic Tile Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS
FOR THE ORNAMENTAL ENAMELLING OF IRON, GLASS, AND SLATE, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE ORNAMENTAL ENAMELLING OF
BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF CLAY."
Our Invention has reference principally to the production of ornaments in
enamel on plates or sheets of iron and glass, and consists of the process or
combination of processes, hereinafter described, for effecting the same, and in
improvements in apparatus for that purpose.
Our said Invention consists further in the modifications, herein after described,
of the same process, or combination of processes, for adapting it to the ornamental
enamelling of slate.
Our improvements in the ornamental enamelling of iron and glass are also
applicable to the ornamental enamelling of bricks and other articles made of
clay.
Our Invention is especially applicable to the ornamental enamelling of flat
surfaces, but may also be applied in some cases to surfaces other than flat
surfaces.
In the ornamental enamelling of iron according to our Invention we proceed as
follows:-
We take a plate or sheet of iron having a coating of white or other enamel upon
it constituting the ground of the design. The outline of the design is drawn on a
lithographic stone, and an impression from the said lithographic stone is taken upon
transfer paper, or mackintosh, or cloth with a glazed surface, the printed impression
being in enamel colour mixed with an adhesive vehicle. This outline on paper is
transferred by pressure to the enamel ground and the paper removed without the
application of moisture. The outline transferred to the enamel ground is
strengthened by dusting a finely powdered enamel colour upon it.
By the application of heat the outline is burned or permanently fixed upon the
enamel ground.
Those portions of the design to be produced in any particular colour are first
produced upon lithographic stone, then printed upon paper in adhesive enamel
colour and transferred to the enamel ground, filling up portions of the outline. By
dusting enamel colour upon the adhesive matter last transferred to the enamel
ground it may be strengthened and fixed by the application of heat, and a
succession of printings, according to the nature of the design, are effected in the
manner described. It is not, however, necessary to effect as many printings as
there are colours in the design, as in dusting enamel colour onto the adhesive
transfer the colour dusted may be different from that to which it is applied, and
after firing the dusted colour will only be visible. A final heating to a somewhat
higher temperature than the heating after each dusting completes the process.
Instead of transfers on paper obtained by the lithographic process designs drawn
on zinc may be transferred directly to the enamel ground.
In the ornamental enamelling of glass according to our Invention we proceed in
the manner described with respect to iron.
In enamelling slate according to our Invention we proceed in the manner herein
before described, excepting that we prefer to employ enamels more fusible than
those used with iron, and we employ a lower heat, or instead of using enamel

page_text: colours we use the pigments or colours employed in the production of what is
ordinarily called enamelled slate. In this last case we apply only such a moderate
heat as is necessary to volatilize the vehicle mixed with the said colours.
In the ornamental enamelling of bricks and other articles made of clay we
proceed in the manner described with respect to the ornamental enamelling of
iron.
The pressure employed in transferring is effected by a pair of rolls, the lower
or supporting one of which may be of wood, and the upper or pressing roll may
have a coating of india rubber or may be made otherwise elastic, or both rolls may
be elastic.
Instead of printing designs on transfer paper and transferring the same to the
article to be ornamented by the pressure of rolls the printing may be effected on
one of the rolls themselves having an india rubber or other elastic surface, and
directly transferred from the said roll to the article to be ornamented.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, Figure 2 in end elevation, and Figure 3
in plan the apparatus which we employ, and which constitutes part of our
Invention.
:
:
a, b, are parallel rolls mounted in the manner represented, the upper roll a being
covered with india rubber or other elastic material, while the lower roll b is made
by preference of wood, iron, or other hard material. The axis of the roll b has a
winch or handle 62 upon it for giving a rotary motion to the said roll b; c is a
travelling table or platform supported upon the rollers d, d, which latter travel on
the rails e, e; f, f, are racks on the edges of the platform c, with which racks toothed
wheels g, g, on the axis of the roll a gear; h, h, are screws with hand wheals at
top, by which screws the required degree of pressure may be put upon the bearings
of the axis of the roll a; i is the engraved plate, lithographic stone, or other
printing surface from which the design is to be printed; and is the plate or
surface to be ornamented. These are fixed in any convenient manner on the
platform c. The platform c being in the position represented in Figures 1 and 3,
the engraved plate or stone i is inked with the required colouring matter by the
use of an ordinary inking roller, and the winch 62 being turned in the direction
indicated by the arrow in Figure 1 near the said winch, the platform c is carried
in the direction of the upper arrow in Figure 1, upon the roll b and under the
roll a.
As the engraved plate or stone i passes under and is pressed upon by the
elastic roll a it takes an impression from the inked plate or stone i and by the
continued motion of the winch 62 the plate or surface / to be ornamented is brought
under the roll a, and as it travels under and is pressed upon the said roll a the
inked design on the said roll a is transferred to the plate or surface k to be orna-
mented. The plate or surface k is then removed from the platform c and the
platform is returned to the position represented in Figures 1 and 3 by the motion
of the winch 62 in a direction contrary to that indicated by the arrow in Figure 2
near the said winch. Another plate to be ornamented is put in place of the
plate k, and the engraved plate or printing surface i is inked afresh, and the
operations described are repeated. For convenience of description we have described
the colouring matter applied to the stone or printing surface i as ink, and the
process of applying it as inking, but it will be understood that by ink we mean
any colour or pigment mixed with a vehicle, and that by inking we mean
applying the mixed colour or pigment and vehicle to the stone or printing surface i.
When we print the design on paper or other flexible material and transfer it to
the plate or sheet to be ornamented we place the surface to be ornamented on the
platform c, and lay the transfer paper or material having the design upon it face
downwards upon the said plate or surface, and pass the platform c carrying the
plate or surface and the design to be transferred to the said plate or surface
between the rolls a, b. By this treatment the design is transferred to the plate or
surface.
Or the platform c.may be dispensed with and the rolls a and b brought near
together, the surface to be ornamented with the design to be transferred placed

page_text: face downwards upon it being passed between the rolls a and b. The design is
thereby transferred to the plate to be ornamented. In this case either the
roll a alone or both the rolls a and b may be covered with india rubber or other
elastic material.
The enamel colours and other pigments or colours which we employ, as well as
the vehicles with which we mix the enamel colours and pigments, are the same as
those ordinarily employed for like purposes.
The kilns or stoves which we employ for heating the plates and surfaces orna-
mented are similar to the kilns or stoves employed for like purposes. We therefore
think it unnecessary to describe either the composition of the enamel or other
pigments, or the nature of the vehicles, or the method of grinding and incorporating
the said colours with their vehicles or the heating kilns or stoves.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our
Invention,-
First. The process or combination of processes herein before described for the
ornamental enamelling of iron, glass, slate, and bricks, and other articles made of clay.
Secondly. The apparatus herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings to be used in the ornamental enamelling of iron, glass, slate,
bricks, and other articles made of clay.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Winterhoff and Henry Chalk Webb,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
37, Temple Street,
Birmingham.
FREDERICK WINTERHOFF. (L.S.)
HENRY CHALK WEBB.
(L.S.)