Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating, Concentrating, and. Distilling Liquids.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating, Concentrating, and.
Distilling Liquids.
We, WILLIAM RENNY WATSON and ROBERT ANDREW ROBERTSON, both of 45
Scotland Street, Glasgow, in the Counties of Lanark and Renfrew, North Britain,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention which relates to improvements in apparatus for evaporating and
concentrating liquids is also applicable for distilling liquids. The apparatus con-
structed according to this Invention operates on the same mechanical principles as
those on which the apparatus described in the Specifications of Homer T. Yaryan
numbered 14162, and dated 3rd November, 1886 and 213, and dated 5 January 1888,
operate.
The object of the present improvements is to simplify the construction of the
apparatus whilst rendering the same more efficient.
According to the present improvements the several sets of tubes or coils through
which the liquid passes are arranged on a series of levels, one above the other, so
that the liquid to be treated entering at the highest tubes progressively descends.
In the apparatus of Yaryan, described in the aforesaid Specifications the liquid is
discharged from the several sets of tubes or coils at the end opposite to that at which
it enters.
According to the present improvements the liquid enters and is discharged at the
same end of the apparatus. This arrangement admits of the sets of tubes or coils
being fixed to the shell or outside casing at one end only, which allows the tubes
freedom to expand and contract, and also admits of the whole series of tubes being
readily withdrawn from the shell or casing.
By means of the improved construction of the apparatus a continuous multiple
effect may be obtained without the use of external pipe-connections between the
vessels, as these connections in apparatus constructed according to the présent
improvements are made by means of ports between the casings.

page_text: According to these improvements the separators, and the “catch-alls” or
may form integral parts of the casing of the apparatus.
Dated this 8th day of August 1888.
safes
ST. JOHN V. DAY,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Petitioner's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating, Concentrating, and
Distilling Liquids.
We, WILLIAM RENNY WATSON and ROBERT ANDREW ROBERTSON both of 45
Scotland Street, Glasgow, in the Counties of Lanark and Renfrew, North Britain,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following stateinent :-
Our Invention relates to improvements in vacuum apparatus for evaporating or
concentrating liquids, and in some cases employed 'for the process of distillation in
which vapor given off from the liquid operated upon is condensed.
Our Invention has reference to the tubular variety of such apparatus and wherein
the evaporation, concentration or distillation is effected by causing a limited supply
of the liquid to flow in a state of ebullition through the pipe or tube or pipes or
tubes contained therein (accordingly as one or more pipes or tubes is or are used)
and which pipe or pipes, tube or tubes, is or are, heated by steam or hot vapor
passing over the outside surface or surfaces thercof, whilst the liquid undergoing
evaporation, concentration or in some cases distillation is caused to How through the
interior of the said pipe or pipes, tube or tubes.
It is explained that the construction of the apparatus is not altered, whether used
as an apparatus for concentrating, that is to say, increasing the density of the liquid
passed through it, or where used as a distilling apparatus, for either concentration
or distillation is effected by the process or operation of evaporation.
When used for concentrating a liquid, the object may he to effect concentration
only, or to both concentrate the liquid as well as to collect the vapour. given off, by
passing it into a condenser; or when such vapour is of no value, then the object may
be to concentrate the liquid without collecting the vapour which in such case may he
allowed to escape.

page_text: When used for distilling a liquid, the object may he to effect distillation only, with
or without collecting the concentrated portion of the liquid, accordingly as it is, or is
not, of commercial value. In either case the vapour given off is collected by being
passed into or through, a condenser.
In
As an instance of using our apparatus for distilling, we may mention its applica-
bility for producing fresh water on board ship, or elsewhere, from sea water.
this case the object is to collect the water of condensation, and to allow the
concentrated brine to pass off as a waste product. In such case, the fresh water is
collected in the condenser 'after the vapour from which it has been condensed has
given up heat in effecting the concentration of the soa-water in the apparatus and
the brine is discharged as a waste product.
The present improvements apply not only to apparatus of this kind, known as
single effect" apparatus, but they are also applicable to multiple effect"
apparatus.
When the improvements are applied to "single effect" apparatus the vapor and
liquid passing from the last pipe or pipes, tube or tubes are taken to a separator of
special construction as hereinafter described in which the vapor is separated from the
liquid and passes thence to a condenser.
When the improvements are applied to multiple-effect" apparatus the vapor or
steam from the liquid undergoing evaporation, concentration or in some cases
accompanied by the process of distillation separated from the said liquid in the
separator situated at the discharge ends of the pipe or pipes, tube or tubes of the
"first-effect" part of the apparatus, is conducted to the heating chamber surrounding
the pipe or pipes, tube or tubes of the second effect-part of the said apparatus, and
the said vapor or steam escaping from the second effect part of the apparatus is
taken into the heating chamber o. the third effect part of the apparatus and so on
according to the number of effects or divisions in which the apparatus is constructed.
The liquid separated from the vapor of the first effect part of the apparatus flows
through the tube or tubes, pipe or pipes of the second effect part of the apparatus
wherein a further quantity of vapor or steam is given off from it, and on escaping
from the last pipe or pipes of the second effect part, the liquid and vapor or steam
generated therein are again separated by passing through another separator, from
which the liquid portion flows on through the pipe or pipes, tube or tubes, of the
third effect part of the apparatus wherein a still further quantity of vapor or steam
is given off by the heat of the vapor or steam in the chamber surrounding the pipe
or pipes, tube or tubes through which the liquid flows and so on according to the
number of effects or divisions in which the apparatus is arranged.
וי
The special features connected with the mode of operating apparatus of th.: class
to which these improvements relate are well-known and already in use as for example
in the case of apparatus described in the second head of the specification of Homer
Taylor Yaryan No. 14162 of 1886 and in that described in the said Yaryan's
specification No. 213 of 1888 and the object of the present improvements, which has
reference to a distinctly novel construction of apparatus as hereinafter fully
described, is to overcome difficulties hitherto experience. in operating apparatus of
the character named and whilst employing a simple construction our apparatus gives
increased efficiency as compared with apparatus previously used.
According to the present improvements the heating tubes of the one or more sections
or livisions or effect parts of the apparatus through which the liquid to be treated
passes are preferably arranged one above the other so that the liquid descends pro-
as hereinafter
gressively through them but this arrangement may be varied
described.
By means of the improved construction a continuous multiple effect apparatus may
be obtained without the use of external pipe connections between the vessels, as these
connections in apparatus constructed according to the present improvements may be
made by means of ports between the casings but it is to be understood that in cases
where external communication may be desirable, that pipe connections may be
substituted for or in supplement to the aforesaid ports.

page_text: According to these improvements the separators and the "catch-alls" or "safes
form integral parts of the casing of the apparatus.
"
In order that our Invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, we will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed, which represent
an apparatus arranged for use as a triple effect.
Figure 1, represents the apparatus partly in side elevation and partly in vertical
longitudinal section of different planes on the lines 5, 6, and 7, Figure 5.
Figure 2, is a transverse section of a portion of a heating cylinder shewing
evaporating pipes and the supporting bridge.
Figure 3, is a sectional plan through horizontal centre line of the first effect of the
apparatus, and Figure 4, is a vertical transverse section of one of the casings prefer-
ably formed as a casing used in constructing our improved apparatus.
Figure 5, represents the apparatus partly in end elevation and partly in transverse
vertical section at different planes on the lines 1, 2, 3 and 4, Figure 1.
•
Figure 6, represents an inner face view of an inlet return-bend-head of the apparatus
drawn on an enlarged scale, shewing the partitions and cells.
Figure 7, is a detail view of the liquid feed register.
Figure 8, is a horizontal section of a modification of our apparatus.
Figure 9, is a vertical section of the same on the line A. B, Figure 8.
Figure 10, is a vertical section of the modification on the line C, D, Figure 9.
Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are diagrams representing some variations of the
direction of flow of the liquid other than directly downwards which may be adopted in
working apparatus made with our improvements.
As shewn in Figures 1 and 5, the heating cylinders B¹, B², B³, enclosing the
vaporizing tubes or pipes S, are arranged in vertical series and may be mounted upon
a masonry pier Y, and column X, although any other suitable foundation may be
used.
Though three evaporators are shewn it is here explained that one alone may be used
or others may be added, so as to form a single or triple or quadruple or other multiple
effect apparatus. The front portion of the shell of the apparatus is made rectangular
with vertical side and front walls, and is preferably composed of rectangular metallic
castings (Figure 4) which are connected together one above the other by inwardly
projecting flanges h, as shewn. At their rear end these cylinders B1, B2, B³, are
supported by the intermediate braces or blocks. The front ends of these cylinders
and sets of pipes or tubes are closed by the return-hend heads C1, C2, C3, having
inwardly projecting partition plates c, forming cells for connecting the ends of the
tubes or pipes in vertical sets of four, as shewn in Figures 1 and 6, and by dotted
lines in Figure 5. It is however to be understood that any other even number of sets
of tubes or pipes, greater or less than four, may be used according to the dimensions
of the apparatus. The vertical sets of tubes 1, 2, 3 and 4, are fitted in tube sets i,
secured by bolts or studs with nuts to the open or front ends of the boxes 1, which
form continuation of the heating cylinders B', B2, B3, and are integral parts of the
casting H. The partitions c, of each cellular hend C, C2, C3, fit against each respective
tube sheet so as to form tight passages for the flow of liquid between the ends of the
tubes. The rear ends of the tubes in each cylinder are closed by the return-bend
head T, having cellular partitions t, fitting against the rear tube sheet. Neither the
rear tube sheet nor the head T, is secured to the heating cylinder, but rests upon the
bars or rails 1, bolted to the bridges p, as shewn at Figures 1 and 2, so that the sets or
groups of tubes or pipes are free to expand and contract longitudinally under varying
temperatures. The rails I, also serve for sliding the sets or groups of tubes or when
they are placed in or withdrawn from the cylinders. For this purpose, it is only
necessary to remove the front head and tube sheet when each set or group of tubes or
pipes with their respective front and rear tube sheets and return-bend heads C, C², (,
are free to be drawn out of the casing longitudinally, that is to say horizontally. The
rear ends of the cylinders B1, B2, B3, are closed by head U.
The rectangular castings H (one of which is slewn in transverse section Figure 4)
are formed with longitudinal central boxes I, for enclosing the front ends of the

page_text: vaporizing tubes or pipes with inwardly projecting flanges h, for bolting them together
and with horizontal partitions, for dividing the separating chambers A', A, A, one
from another when the castings are properly connected together in vertical series as
shown in Figures and 5. The castings H, are also provided with transverse lateral
partition plates e, extending vertically between the side walls of the box I, and the
outer walls of the casting as shown in Figures and 3, and with other transverse
plates d, and which, like the plates e, preferably form part of the castings. The
rear ends of the castings are bolted to the cylinders B', B, B³, so that the interior of
such cylinders shall be lined with and open freely into the boxes L.
The separating chambers A1, A2, A3, for separating steam or vapor from the heated
liquid as it flows from the lower tubes or pipes of such of the serie, are formed between
the evaporators or the boxes I, thereof, within the walls of the castings H, so that the
space is all utilized and a compact structure thereby produced. The seperating
chambers are provided with transverse baffle plates b, b, and d, d, which serve for
arresting the particles of liquid and for causing the vapors to take a circuitous course
for promoting the deposit of particles of liquid carried by the vapor.
The "catch-all" chambers E', E', E, are also provided to assist in arresting liquid
particles which may be carried by the vapor and are located above the separating
chambers A', A2, A3, and are also contained between the walls of the boxes I, and the
castings, on each side of the boxes and between the baffle plates e, e, and the front
wall of the apparatus as shewn in Figures 3 and 5. One of the "catch-all
chambers E, is also shewn in longitudinal section at the lower part of Figure 1,
where the plane of the section is taken on the lines 6 and 7 of Figure. The tube
plates, are set transversely in the chambers E1, E2, E3, into which they are fitted at
about their middle portions, the short horizontal tubes n, being arranged in vertical
series. The tubes n, are open at both ends and are arranged to discharge the vapor
passing through them against the battle plates e, e. The battle plates 6, 6, are made
of size suitable for convenient insertion through the hand holes K and are secured
to transverse ribs cast upon the boxes I, as shewn and may also be connected together
at their overlapping edges by rivets or screws.
Vapor escape passages or ports D1, D2, D3, connect each separating chamber of one
evaporator with the box I, and heating cylinder of the next effect evaporator. These
vapor passages or ports are formed at the rear ends of the castings H, by means of
transverse plates d, extending between the boxes I, and the side walls of the castings H,
but not extending to the tops of the boxes I, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 1,
by transverse plates d". The lower chamber of Figure 1, being a section on the
lines 6-7 of Figure 5, shews a full line section of a plate d, and the lower chamber
in Figure 5, being a cross section at the line 3-4 of Figure 1, shews a full face view
of a plate d, at each side of the box I. In Figure 3, the entrance into the vapor
passages and ports D³, are also shewn. The vapor outlet pipe D', leads from the
bottom of the flue D³, as shewn in Figure 5, and connects with a condenser and
exhausting pump not shewn in the drawings, openings or ports a', are made in the
bottoms of the partition plates 61, and similar openings a, are made in the front wall,
forming a passage into the heads C, and C³, for permitting partly concentrated liquid
to flow from the separating chambers into the vaporizing series of pipes or tubes
next below.
Hand holes K, are made in the front wall between the return-bend heads C³, C², C³,
and such boles are closed by plates or lids K', and cross bars and clamping screws k,
in a manner commonly used for closing holes in hollow vessels or chaunters formed of
metal and as shewn in the drawings.
The upper head C, is provided near its top edge, with a port 1, with which the
liquid supply pipe L, leading from an elevated supply tank or from a pump, as
preferred, is connected. The feed liquid flows into the horizontal receptacle or
trough M, into which is fitted a slide or register m, provided with vertical slots or
other openings, as shewn in Figure 7, for controlling the flow of liquid into the top
horizontal row of tubes 1. The slotted register is fitted against the face of the tube

page_text: plate and ends of the tubes, and its handle pl, passes out through a gland m², at one
side or end of the trough. The front of the trough is closed by a removable door
plate o. Each head C. C2, C3, is or may be provided with a similar trough and
sliding feed register. A discharge porty, for hot liquid opens from the lower cell
of each return-bend head into the top of each separating chamber A', A', A³. All
of the top tubes 1, open into the trough M, and all of the bottom tubes | discharge
into the lower cell which extends clear across the head.
In the drawings we have shewn five sets or series of pipes composed of tubes 1,
2, 3, 4 but for large sized apparatus we may increase the number of sets or series of
pipes or tubes as required, and may increase the number of tubes in each vertical set
or series to six, eight, or more, always arranging the inlets and outlets of the said sets
or series of such pipes at the same end of the apparatus, for securing greater
simplicity and convenience of operation. The steam supply pipe F, connects with
the top heating cylinder B, through the box I, or it may connect directly with the
cylinder B, if preferred. A port u, is made in the rear wall of each casting at the
bottom of each heating cylinder for the escape of water of condensation from
the cylinders into the vapor passages or ports D1, D2, or D³, and finally by the
pipo D*, shewn at Figure 5, into the condenser. Instead of the port, a pipe may
be connected to the bottom of the lowest heating cylinder for drawing off the
product of condensation and conducting it either directly to the condenser or to a
punp by means of which it can be withdrawn from the apparatus.
A gauge glass g', shewn at Figure 5, is fixed in the front wall at the bottom of
each separating chamber.
Before
The operation of the apparatus is as follows. The liquid to be evaporated, concen-
trated or distilled, is admitted by the pipe I, into the upper trough M, where its
admission to the tubes is regulated by adjusting the slide or register m, it then flows
forwards and backwards through the sets of horizontal pipes or tubes 1, 2, 3, 4, to tho
discharge port g, from which it flows into the separating chamber A¹.
admission of the liquid the pipes or tubes in the cylinder B¹, may be moderately
heated by the admission of steam through the pipe F. After the steam begins to pass
into the heating cylinder B¹, the exhaust or vacuum pump (not shewn in the drawings)
may be started so as to assist the flow of liquid through the pipes or tubes and draw
hot vapor or steam from the separating chambers into the heating cylinders B, B2, B3,
from the first to the last effect. The hot partly concentrated liquid and
vapor aro
discharged from the pipes or tubes of the first evaporator through the port 9, into the
separating chamber A¹, where, owing to the mechanical effect of the baffle plates b,,
the greater portion of the liquid is arrested, while the hot vapor passes in the direction
of the arrow on either side of the box I, up into the "catch-all" chamber E³, where
it passes through sbort tubes n, and is discharged against plates e, e, in which operation
liquid particles are still further arrested, the vapor is then diverted into the space of
the chamber A¹, between the plates ', and d, from which it rises and passes over the
top of the plates d, into the vapor passage or port D', by which it is conducted down
upon the tubes or pipes in the heating cylinder B².
ร
The separated and partly concentrated liquid flows through the ports a', and a, of
the chamber A, into the feed trough M, in the head (3. After treatment in the
pipes of the second cylinder B2, the hot vapor and liquid are discharged into the
chamber A², where their separation again takes place as above described, with
reference to the first separating chamber A'. Finally, the liquid after treatment in
the series of pipes of the chamber B, is discharged into the separating chamber A,
from the bottom of which it is drawn off in a concentrated condition by the pipe w,
which may connect, if desired, with a tail or with a drawing pump not shewn in the
drawings.
The degree of exhaustion of vacuum progressively increases from the top to
the bottom chamber, so that the liquid readily flows through the series of pipes
or tubes and chambers assisted both by gravity and the progressively decreasing
pressure.

page_text: .
In this form of apparatus, a relatively small stream of liquid is admitted into each
series of pipes or tubes where, owing to the heat and vacuum, it is soon thrown into
ebullition and bathes the interior heated surface of the pipes resulting in very rapid
vaporization.
At Figures 8, 9 and 10 of the annexed drawings we have shewn a modified
construction of our improved tubular vacuum apparatus to be used for evaporating or
concentrating and sometimes for distilling liquids.
Figuro 8. is a horizontal section of this modification of our apparatus taken on the
line A, B, Figure 9.
Figure 9, is a vertical section of the same on the line A, B, Figure 8, and
Figure 10, is a vertical section on the line C, D, Figure 9.
In this arrangement of our apparatus the liquid to be treated enters through the
port E, into the spaco F, extending the whole height of each division or single offect
part. In the space F, there is fitted the vertical sliding plate G, in which are formed
à series of ports c.
Outside the ends of the two central rows of tubes I, there is fitted
another plate H, having a series of ports therein, one of each such ports communi-
cating with each of the two central rows of tubes I. The vortical sliding plate G, has
holes or ports in it corresponding to the ports C, in the inner plate A, and it is
provided with a handle J, laving a crank connection inside the space F, as more.
particularly shewn at Figures 8 and 10, by means of which the said plate G, can be
raised or lowered. When the plate G, is lowered as shewn on the drawings
communication between the space F, and the tubes I, is entirely closed but when the
said plate G, is raised so is to bring the ports in it. over a part or the whole of the
ports in the plate H, then the liquid will flow, being regulated in quantity by
the extent of opening in the said ports from the space F, through the central tubes I.
At the opposite ends of the tubes I, there is a return-bend-head analogous to the
return-bend-head K, shewn at Figure 8, so that the liquid flowing through the central
tubes 1, returns back through the tube I. thence through the return-bend hear K,
through the tubes I³, and so on through the succession of tubes 13, I, I, all as
indicated by the arrows in Figure 8. Each set of tubes I, 1, 1², I³, I, I³, as seen.
more particularly at Figure 9, is set at an angle so that the flow of the liquid takes
place in each section or division of the apparatus at successively lower levels, theroby
being aided in its freedom of flow by the action of gravity in addition to the action of
the vacuum in the apparatus. Each of the tubes I, of the several sets or series of
tubes discharges the liquid into the space L, from whence it flows to the port M, into.
the next division or effect, part of the apparatus or it may be into a receiving tank.
The apparatus in this modification like that in the preceding arrangements is provided
with separators for separating the vapor given off from the liquid under treatment
and with "catch-alls," and in the case of multiple effect apparatus the vapor escaping
from the catch-alls" passes on to heat the liquid in the next division or effect part
of the apparatus.
Although we have in the preceding part of this specification described and in the
annexed drawings (Figures 1 to 7) have shown the liquid as flowing through the
several sets of pipes in which it is evaporated, concentrated or distilled, as passing
from any one pipe vertically downwards into the pipe immediately below it, and in
Figures 9, 10 and 11, have shewn the liquid as flowing from pipe to pipe of each
series in an inclined direction as set forth, yet we desire it to be understood that this
flow of the liquid directly or vertically downwards from pipe to pipe or in an inclined
(direction is not essential to our Invention and that the direction of such flow may be
varied in many ways by passing 'for example, from any one pipe into any other pipe
on the same horizontal plane with it and then vertically downwards into any other
pipe below. To render our meaning in this paragraph of our said Invention more easily
understood, we have appended hereto a sheet of diagrams Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
& 16. The circles in each of the said diagrams represent the ends of tubes forming a
set or group of tubes or pipes such as is used in each division or effect of our vacnum
tubular apparatus for evaporating, concentrating and distilling liquids, and the dotted
lines a, b, c, d, e, and f, respectively marked in each of the said Figures 11 to 16
i
•

page_text: indicate certain variations of direction of the flow of liquid which we may adopt in
working our said Invention, but it is to be understood that the direction of flow inay
be otherwise varied than as shewn in the said diagrams.
In Figure 11, the direction of flow indicated by the line a, is from the outer pipe 1,
to the next pipe 2, in the same horizontal row and from the pipe 2, into the pipe
next below them. From the pipe 4, into the pipe 5 vertically below the pipe 4.
From the pipe 5 into the pipe 6 in the same horizontal plane and from the pipe 6
into the pipe 7 vertically below them and from the pipe 7 into the pipe 8 en the same
horizontal plane therewith.
From the description in respect of the direction of flow of the liquid through the
tubes of the apparatus as indicated by the dotted lines at Figure 11, the other
variations of the direction of flow as indicated by the dotted lines b, c, d, e, and f,
in Figures 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 respectively, will be easily understood and need not
therefore here be further referred to.
Although we have in the preceding parts of this specification described our
apparatus arranged with each of its divisions or effect parts placed vertically one
above the other, yet we wish it to he understood that whilst such vertical arrange-
ment is the best known to us because of the higher efficiency of the apparatus under
the continual action of gravity when so placed, yet we do not confine ourselves in
multiple effect apparatus to placing the several divisions or effect parts one above
the other as they may be placed in a horizontal row side by side and all on the same
- level in which case the liquid has to be drawn by the action of the vacuuin from the
lowest part of any one division to the highest part of the next division.
॥
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination of parts forming tubular vacuum apparatus for evaporating,
concentrating and in some cases distilling liquids constructed substantially as
herein before described and shewn upon the annexed sheets of drawings.
2. In tubular vacuum apparatus for evaporating, concentrating and in some cases
distilling liquids wherein the liquid to be treated passes through heating tubes, the
arranging of the tubes or pipes in one or more sets or groups each such set or group
having the front or inlet end of the tubes fixed to the front tube plate and the other
ends of the tubes fixed to the combined return-bend end and tube plates, the con-
struction being such that each group or set of tubes with its combined return-bend-
end together with the front tube plate may be readily removed horizontally through
the front end of the apparatus, substantially as herein before described and shewn upon
the annexed sheets of drawings.
3. In tubular vacuum apparatus for evaporating, concentrating and in some cases
distilling liquids, such as is herein before described, the arranging of the tubes or
pipes through which the liquid to be treated passes in such manner that the admission
and discharge of the liquid through the said tubes or pipes takes place at the same
end of the apparatus thus leaving one end of each set or group of tubes without
attachment and free to expand or contract independently of the shell or containing
chamber, substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn upon the annexed sheets
of drawings.
4. In tubular vacuum apparatus for evaporating, concentrating and distilling
liquids, the arranging of the multiple effect class thereof, such as that herein
mentioned in such a manner that each division of the apparatus is situated vertically
above or below the next division thereof, whereby the feeding of the several different
parts of the apparatus corresponding to each effect is facilitated by the action of
gravity, substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn upon the annexed sheets
of drawings.
5. In tubular vacuum: apparatus constructed as herein described for evaporating,
concentrating and in some cases distilling liquids, the arrangement whereby the
separating chambers and the "catch-alls are combined together in one casting

page_text: with the casing of the tubes the said casing being also formed with the necessary
ports and connections constructed within it, substantially as herein before described
and shewn upon the annexed sheets of drawings.
6. In tubular vacuum apparatus as described in claim 1 hereof, for evaporating,
concentracing and in some cases distilling liquids, the sliding regulators with the
requisite openings therein for admitting and adjusting the flow thereinto of the liquid
to be evaporated, concentrated, or distilled in the tubes or pipes of the said apparatus,
such regulator also allowing of the clearing of the inlet ports of obstructions when
required by opening the said ports to the extent necessary to clear such obstructions
away by the flushing action of a temporarily increased flow of liquid or vapor,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn upon the annexed sheets of
drawings.
7. In tubular vacuum apparatus for evaporating, concentrating and in some cases
distilling liquids, the arrangement of the pipes or tubes in sets or series one above the
other, each set or series discharging into a receiving chamber common to all the sets
or series of pipes or tubes as hereinbefore described and shewn at Figures 8, 9 and 10
of the drawings annexed hereto.
ST. JOHN V. DAY,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Applicant's Agent.