A Gas Heater for a Carriage.
Year: 1895

page_text: A Gas Heater for a Carriage.
We, BAREND JANSE, Overseer, and JAKOB DE WITTE, Mechanic, both of Damlust,
Utrecht, Netherlands, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for heating by gas carriages, especially railway
and tramway carriages. For this purpose, there is formed under the carriage floor a
double metal casing. In the inner casing which forms a heating chamber there are
arranged an atmospheric gas burner of the Bunsen kind or several of these, and a
number of sloping baffle plates upon which the flame and hot products of combustion
play on their way to an ascending chimney pipe. The outer casing forms an air
chamber surrounding the heating chamber; air admitted by orifices at its lower part
becomes heated ani ascends through gratings in the floor into the body of the carriage,
which receives heat also from the plate covering the heating chamber. It is convenient
to arrange a small kindling burner beside the main burner, so that at any time, by
merely opening a stop cock in the main gas pipe the heating apparatus can be
brought into action.
This cock may be connected to the coupling of the carriage or to the horse
attachment in such a manner as to be automatically closed when the carriage is
not in use.
TL: 19th low of Tu.1., 1805
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
We, BAREND JANSE, Overseer, and JAKOB DE WITTE, Mechanic, both of Damlust,
Utrecht, Netherlands, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an apparatus for heating vehicles by means of gas, this
heating apparatus being specially suitable for railway and tramway cars.
We will describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawing in which
Fig. 1 illustrates the construction of a heating apparatus of this kind for railway
cars, in longitudinal section; Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same partly on the
line I-I and partly on the line II-II of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan of the same.
The heating box X is situated below the floor in a space y, and is surrounded
therein on all sides by a layer of air, (Fig. 2). As hereinafter described, the top of
the heating box serves chiefly as the heat radiating or heat giving surface.
But the other walls of the heating box X also become heated, and, in order to
utilize this heat as well, some air holes y¹ are provided in the bottom of the space y,
and passages with grates 2' are arranged laterally of the floor plate z that covers in
the heating box. In consequence of this arrangement the side walls of the heating
box are constantly flushed by a current of air, and warm air is continually entering

page_text: through the grates 2' into the space to be heated. The burner a which is fed from a
gas holder is arranged at one end of the heating box X below a cross or transverse
bottom or heating plate d. The heating box is closed and is provided only with a
gas outlet i. The heating gas burner a is a kind of Bunsen burner in which air and
gas become mixed together before their exit from the burner nozzle so as to form a
combustible mixture.
The draught produced by the chimney i carries off the combustion gases that flow
into the heating box. Preferably the air required for combustion is taken from an
air box g situated under the heating box.
In front of the heating burner there is usually arranged at e a small igniting flame
which is always kept burning, so that the heating apparatus can be put in or out of
operation by simply opening or closing the burner a; this may be effected, for
instance from a compartment of the car. In employing the heating apparatus in
tram cars the igniting flame may be dispensed with, and the heating flame be ignited
in the usual way.
In consequence of the draught produced by the chimney i the heating flame and
the heating gases are drawn along underneath the heating plate d and the intimate
contact of the heating gases with the heating baffle plate d is also advantageously
assisted by arranging the latter at a slight inclination. When the heating gases have
given up their heat to a sufficient extent to the heating plate d the said gases are led
at one or more times over inclined walls or baffles for the purpose of storing up
the last remainder of heat, before they escape into the chimney i. In order that the
heat taken up by the heating plate d shall be transmitted upwardly as rapidly as
possible, and thus enable the heating plate to receive fresh heat from the heating
gases, and also in order to cause the heat which is so to speak concentrated in the
heating plate d to become uniformly transmitted to or distributed over the very much
greater crown or top f of the heating box, there are provided on the upper side of the
heating plate inclined transverse baffle plates e which extend near to but short of
the top f.
These transverse baffle plates e prevent a direct radiation of the heat of the heating
plate d in an upward direction, because they overlap each other. This serves to
prevent the radiated heat from rising vertically upwards and thus producing in parts
overheating of the top f, whereas the heat is deflected in such a manner as to
become uniformly distributed over the top, it being at the same time stored up by
the baffle plates and conveyed upwards by conduction thereby.
By this means there is produced an effective transmission of the heat of the heating
plate d in an upward direction. The transmission of heat in a downward direction is not
considerable because the hot gases underneath the heating plate are in a state of
continual motion. On the other hand the chimney i has no effect upon the space
above the heating plate d, so that a very efficient storing up of heat takes place in the
spaces formed by the transverse partitions e.
The delivery of heat in an upward direction from the heating plate is so effective,
that the chimney i does not become heated to any appreciable extent, so that there is
a complete utilisation of the heat of the heating flames.
With regard to the chimney i it may be noted that its outlet openings should
preferably be made larger than the openings for supplying the air to the burner.
The heating plate d may be made of a flat or domed plate, of corrugated sheet
metal, or of any suitably bent metal sheet or metal.
The top is preferably inclined upwardly in the direction of the draught in order to
facilitate the escape of the spent gases. In the case of tramcars or compartments of
great length in carriages, two or more gas heating apparatus of the kind described
may be arranged and provided with a common chimney flue.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
-
1. Apparatus for heating cars or vehicles by means of gaseous fuel, consisting of a

page_text: metal box or chamber with chimney flue within which box is a heating baffle plate
which is heated by gas flames below it, the combustion gases being made to travel
along the underside of the said plate by the draught of the chimney flue, substantially
as described.
2. In heating apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim providing the
heating baffle plate on its upper side with inclined baffles or radiating plates extending
up to near the top plate of the box or chamber for preventing the vertical transmission
of heat from the heating plate to the top plate of the box, while at the same time they
serve to store up such heat and convey it by conduction in a uniformly distributed
manner to the said top plate, substantially as described.
3. In heating apparatus such as is referred to in the first and second claims,
providing an air jacket surrounding the heating box or chamber into which air
jacket the outer air enters from below and whence it issues in a warmed condition
into the carriage or compartment through gratings or perforations in the floor above
the said jacket, substantially as described.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.