Improved Processes and Apparatus for Restoring Worn, Rolled or Drawn Metallic Articles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1899--Accepted, 22nd Apr., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Processes and Apparatus for Restoring Worn, Rolled or
Drawn Metallic Articles.
I, GEORGE CROYDON MARKS, of 18, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
London, W.C. (a communication from The Merrill Process Steel Company, Cor-
poration organized under laws of State of Missouri, of Roe Buildings, St. Louis,
Missouri, in the United States of America,) do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
My improvements relate in part to a process for removing defects of form in
worn rails, trolley wire and other rolled or drawn metallic articles; renewing the
strength of the metal therein, and increasing the average cross sectional areas
thereof; and in part to an apparatus for use in that branch of said process relating
to the restoration and enlargement in cross section of worn rails. The preferred
form of my process when viewed broadly consists in first increasing the average
cross sectional area of the article treated or that portion of such article, designed
for subsequent use, and then giving the portion of the article intended to be
used again, a substantially uniform cross sectional area greater than it possessed
before being treated, and a substantially uniform shape in cross section, through-
out its length. The final shape given the article may, or may not, be the same as
it possessed when new.
The article treated is preferably increased in cross sectional area throughout its
length, but in some cases the metal used in increasing the average cross sectional
area of a particular portion is taken from a part which is not intended to be used
again. In such cases the portion whose size is diminished, is ultimately cut off or out
of the article. Worn, rolled or drawn articles can be renewed again and again by my
process, and their size increased in cross section so as to make it even greater,
if desired, than the one originally possessed. When such articles as rails become
too short, in consequence of renewals, the difficulty can be overcome by welding,
brazing or otherwise uniting, two or more pieces together, preferably before taking
the steps necessary to increase their cross sectional areas." I secure the requisite
preliminary enlargement in cross section, of the article treated, by means of what
may be termed longitudinal pressure, and I secure the final shape and size in cross
section, by transverse pressure, but the necessary pressure is not necessarily
applied directly, for transverse pressure may be tranformed into longitudinal
means of suitable
pressure, and longitudinal, into transverse pressure by
mechanical appliances. In any case the reworking of the metal in the article
greatly increases its strength. I usually heat articles subjected to my process to
a heat not lower than a red heat, and not high enough to injure the metal therein
before subjecting them to the necessary longitudinal pressure.
Where I speak of the article treated being subjected to longitudinal pressure,
I do not mean that all the metal therein is necessarily submitted to such a
pressure, or that all portions submitted to longitudinal pressure are treated simul-

page_text: taneously. Although my general process is preferably, substantially the same in
all cases, the preferred method of taking the different steps differs somewhat in
the case of rolled articles such as rails, from the methods followed in treating
drawn articles such as trolley wire; and the mechanism which I prefer to use
in treating one class of articles differs from the mechanism used in treating articles
of the other class. Thus for instance in treating articles of great length and small
diameter such as wire, I prefer to secure the preliminary enlargement in average
cross section of the portion to be restored, by means of mechanism adapted to
create a series of enlargements in the article, by subjecting one section after
another to longitudinal pressure and to then apply the necessary transverse
pressure, and give it the desired final size and shape in cross section, by passing
it through a suitable die such as is ordinarily used in drawing wire.
In treating a rolled or drawn article, such as a rail, on the other hand, I pre-
ferably but not necessarily, enlarge all its parts simultaneously. This may be
accomplished in various ways but I prefer to use a novel method invented by
me and hereinafter described and claimed though I do not confine myself to that
method.
In subjecting rails for instance, to my novel method of enlargement in cross
section, I preferably proceed as follows;-
I form in each rail, a series of crimps, preferably after first heating the rail to
a heat not lower than a red heat, and not high enough to injure the metal therein.
The crimps formed are preferably lateral crimps, and are preferably all in the
same plane and of about the same depth. I do not limit myself to any special
form or depth of crimp however, or the use of any special number of crimps,
but prefer a form and depth not calculated to strain or form cracks in the
metal of the rail, and the crimping should shorten the rail sufficiently to give it
weight per foot of the distance, in a straight line, between its "ends, after
crimping, at least as great as the restored rail is intended to possess.
a
After the crimping is completed, I next, preferably while the rail is hot, and
preferably, while it is not below a red heat, subject it to a pressure, exerted
substantially in the plane of its crimps and adapted to substantially straighten
it and at the same time I limit the longitudinal movement of the ends of the rail,
as well as its lateral movement, and preferably, also guide and limit the flow of
the metal in the rail, at angles to the plane of the crimps.
In this way the greater part of the transverse pressure applied, is converted
into longitudinal pressure, and where the crimps are substantially uniform in size,
and are all in the same plane, all parts of the rail may, as a rule, be subjected
by this process, to longitudinal pressure simultaneously, or substantially so,
and all difficulties relating to the necessary flow of the metal in the rail, are
evercome, and the rail is substantially straightened, and its cross sectional area,
increased at the same time.
I have not devised means which can always be relied upon, for limiting the
outward movement of the ends of a crimped rail, which is being subjected to
transverse pressure, from the instant the transverse pressure is applied, and rails
subjected to the process above described usually have the distance between their
ends slightly increased, before the transformation of transverse pressure into
longitudinal pressure, and the enlargement of the rail in cross section, begins.
The shape and size, in cross section, of the compressed rail, is governed by the
means guiding and limiting the transverse flow of the metal of which it is com-
posed. The device used for that purpose, is, ordinarily, a suitable die.
After the rail is enlarged in cross section, it may if desired, be passed through
finishing rolls of common form or other apparatus suitable for giving it the
proper finish, and its final size in cross section.
The preferred form of the apparatus used where my process is applied to the
restoration and enlargement in cross section of rails and other forms of apparatus
are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which;
Figure 1 is in part a side elevation, and in part a vertical longitudinal section

page_text: of my apparatus for increasing the average cross section of rails, on line 1-1
Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 7 with the supports for the crimping rolls shown, omitted;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical longitudinal section of details on line 1-1 Fig. 3;
Fig. 3 is a rear end elevation of the press and discharger illustrated in Fig. 1,
with supply pipes, valve mechanism, and blocks F1 and F2, omitted;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical cross section of the press on line --4, Fig. 1
looking forward;
Fig. 5 is a detailed plan view, with the rear portion of the apparatus broken
away and crimping mechanism omitted;
Fig. 6 is an enlarged detailed vertical longitudinal section on line 6-6 Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is a detailed vertical transverse section on line 7-7 Fig. 1:
Fig. S is an enlarged detailed vertical section on line 1-1 Fig. 5, illustrating
means for feeding the press;
Fig. 9 is a detailed horizontal cross section of a guide on line 9--9 Fig. 1 and
Fig. 10 is an enlarged section of a valve on line 10 -10 Fig. 5;
Fig. 11 is a similar view on line 11-11 Fig. 5;
Fig. 12 is a detailed rear elevation with parts broken away:
Fig. 13 is a vertical transverse section on line 13--13 Fig. 8:
Fig. 14 is a side elevation of a worn rail, and the same rail after crimping,
and shows the approximate form of the rail after passing through my press;
Fig. 15 is an enlarged cross section of a compressed rail with the form of the
rail before treatment shown in dotted lines;
Fig. 16 is a detailed vertical longitudinal section on line 16-16 Fig. 5;
Fig. 17 is a vertical cross section of a train of rolls;
Fig. 18 represents a section of a worn trolley wire;
Fig. 19 is a plan view of an apparatus for enlarging the average cross section
of a trolley wire;
Fig. 20 is a vertical, longitudinal section on line 20-20 Fig. 19:
Fig. 21 represents a section of trolley wire that has been passed through said
apparatus;
Fig. 22 represents a vertical cross section of a draw plate with a trolley wire
passing through it, whose average cross sectional area has been enlarged by passing
it through the apparatus shown in Figs. 19, 20 and 23, and
Fig. 23 is a detailed vertical cross section on line 23-23 Fig. 19.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
The form of my apparatus for treating rails, shown in the drawings, consists
of rail crimping mechanism; a rail press; press feeding mechanism shown arranged
to co-operate with the crimping mechanism in doing the work of feeding: dis-
charging mechanism; withdrawing mechanism, designed to co-operate with the
discharger; and finishing rolls.
I prefer to use a vertical press and in constructing the preferred form A,
thereof (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8) I preferably use a top frame B, and a bottom
frame B', which are substantially alike and preferably connect them together,
and hold them in position by means of bolts, C, provided with spacing flanges c.
and c, and nuts. The bottom frame B¹ supports the lower member D) (Figs. 1.
3, 4) of a die. The member D is preferably secured to the press frame B. by
means of bolts. Its face is preferably shaped so as to give the under side of
rails passing through the press, the desired form and size, and preferably, con-
tains a groove d', adapted to form one side of the base of a rail, and a groove d
From one side of the member D, a
adapted to form one side of the head.
part projects upwards which is adapted to close one side of the die
ravity D. when the die is closed. Above the member D of the die, a vertically
reciprocating member D2, is arranged whose face is like that of the member D,
and. contains grooves and arranged opposite the corresponding grooves in
the lower member: and, on the side opposite the one on which the part of the
member D projects, it is provided with a downwardly projecting part dt, adapted
to close its side of the die cavity D¹.

page_text: The member D, of the die is preferably provided with flanges d containing
recesses (Fig. 1) and is shown secured to a platen E by means of bolts di inserted
laterally into the recesses in the member 12, and recesses e above them, in the
sides of the platen.
To the sides of the platen E (Figs. 1, 3, 4, 9) guide blocks E each having a
slot formed in its face, are shown secured by bolts e; and said platen pre-
ferably reciprocates between guide plates 1 filling said slots e¹ of the guide
blocks E and shown fastened to the bolts C, by means of straps f, and bolts f¹.
The upper member D², of the die is guided by guide blocks Farranged below the
plates F, on their side of the press, and at points opposite the blocks F¹ similar
blocks are shown arranged between the bolts C and the lower member 1) of
the die for the purpose of bracing the latter.
The blocks Fi and F² are each secured to bolts C, by means of an outside guide
plate G and connecting bolts g. The platen E is preferably operated by means
of hydraulic power and, in the preferred form of my press, I secure to the top of
the platen, by means of bolts ³, or otherwise, two anis H, one of which
reciprocates in a cylinder I, and the other in a cylinder I¹ (Figs. 1, 3, 5). The
cylinders I and I are shown secured by means of bolts to the underside of the
top frame B, and water is admitted to, and escapes from said cylinders through
ports J coupled together by a pipe K from which a pipe K' leads to the valve
port of a valve chest K2 (Figs. 1, 5, 11). The forms of valvular devices
illustrated form no part of my invention. The valve chest K2 shown, contains
in the valve chamber k, a slide valve 2 governing an inlet and outlet port and
an exhaust port. A pipe is shown leading from the latter, and the chamber K
is shown connected with the supply main K", by means of a pipe. The valve 12
is shown operated by means of a lever K', pivotally connected with the valve rod 19,
and connected with the valve chest by means of a link 10.
The platen E and the parts thereto attached are preferably raised by means of
a pair of rams L (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5), preferably arranged above opposite ends of the
platen E, and each reciprocating in a vertical cylinder L' shown secured to the
top frame B By means of bolts /.
Water is admitted to and escapes from said cylinders through ports 1, and said
ports, are preferably at all times, connected with the main supply pipe K³ by
means of pipes 12, and K.
The rams, are each shown provided with a T head L³, containing a trans-
verse bolt hole 1. To the head L, a pair of hangers L, are shown attached
by a bolt passing through their upper ends and through said bolt hole /*.
The lower ends of the hangers L are shown secured by means of bolts 7 to
shoulders E2 projecting from opposite ends of the platen E.
The ends of the die cavity Di, are preferably closed by end gates M and M',
(Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8), preferably fastened together by means of a pair of bolts M²,
passing on opposite sides of the press. The inner faces of said gates rest against,
and may be guided and held in position longitudinally by, the members 1) and 1ª
of the press die, and are, preferably, prevented from moving laterally, by guide
blocks M³, secured to the bolts M2, and which move in contact with the guide
plates G (Figs. 1 and 4) hereinbefore referred to. Each of the gates M and M',
preferably contains a central opening m passing through it from top to bottom,
(Figs. 1, 5, 8), and the gate M closing the mouth 8 of the die cavity D' preferably
has a cavity m¹ formed in its inner face, (Figs. 8 and 11), and a slot m² in the
under side thereof, (Figs. 13 and 14).
The gates M and M are raised by means of a pair of vertically movable cylin-
ders N. (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5), to which they are connected by hangers N¹. I pre-
ferably use a pair of these hangers for each gate, and preferably secure the upper
ends of each pair to opposite sides of the proper cylinder, by means of a bolt n.
and attach their lower ends to lugs m³, projecting from the gate, by means of
bolts. The cylinders N each reciprocate upon a stationary ram №3 secured to
the top frame B by bolts ², and which contains a passage n³, connecting the

page_text: interior of the cylinder X, reciprocating thereon, with a port . The ports are
preferably connected with the port of a valve chamber k, of a chest X which,
together with its valve and connections, may be exactly like those of the device
for governing the passage of water to and from the cylinders I and I illustrated
in Fig. 11.
Each
In the apparatus shown in the drawings the crimping mechanism 0, (Figs. 1
and 7), is preferably arranged in front of the press, and in position to assist in
feeding it. It preferably contains a pair of fluted crimping rolls 0', each having
projections o, which enter the inter-dental spaces o, of the other, and each pre-
ferably, contains an encircling groove, which preferably follows the contour of
the roll, and preserves substantially the same depth throughout. When the rollers
are in position said grooves come opposite and co-act with each other.
groove is preferably adapted to receive one side of a rail and the opening o
formed between the rolls by the two opposite grooves is, preferably, adapted to
receive the end of a rail P, when presented with one side uppermost. The rolls
are preferably journaled one above the other in standards 0, and may be provided
with intermeshing gears 0 though they are not essential. A pulley 0 for
communicating motion to the rolls is shown attached to one of them.
When the crimping rolls 01 are in motion in the direction indicated by arrows
in Fig. 1, a rail presented to them on the outer side thereof, with one end in
position to enter the opening between them. is drawn in, crimped and forced
along in the direction of the die cavity of the press. After leaving the crimping
rolls the crimped rail P. in the form of apparatus shown, enters a guiding
trough 0, (Figs. 1, 5, 8), shown supported upon standards of, and which pre-
ferably contains a slot . extending inwards for a short distance from the inner
end. The crimping rolls continue to propel the rail forward until its front end
passes beyond said trough, and preferably until it reaches a pair of vertical
feed rolls Q. which are preferably used, and arranged in position to receive the
crimped rail and pass it on to the press. Said rolls are preferably placed so that
they can enter the vertical opening m in the gate M, when said gate is lowered,
and in that way, avoid interference while standing nearer the mouth of the die
cavity than would otherwise he practicable. They are preferably supported upon
shafts q, and are preferably driven at a speed enabling them to co-operate with the
crimping rolls.
Motion may be communicated to one of said shafts from a shaft Q', through
gears and, and from that shaft to the shaft of the other roll, through
gears (Figs. 1, 5, 12 and 13), or in any other suitable manner.
After the crimped rail leaves the crimping rolls, and ceases to receive motion
therefrom, the feed rolls Q continue to force it forward into the die cavity D',
until its outer end reaches a point where said rolls loose their grip, and it then
becomes desirable to supply some additional means for forcing the rail completely
into the die cavity. In the mechanism which I prefer to use for that purpose, a
reciprocating pusher foot R, is pivoted, or hinged, to a cross head R', preferably,
by means of a substantially horizontal pivot r, and is preferably, adapted to turn
forward into a substantially horizontal position and to come to rest when turned
back into a vertical position, against a shoulder Said shoulder preferably
contains a cavity, and at a point near the inner end of this cavity. I preferably
secure a tension spring to the cross head, and by securing the outer end of the
said spring to the back of the presser foot R. cause it to tend, at all times, to
draw said foot up against said shoulder. Slides preferably project from the
ends of the cross head R. and slide in parallel grooves formed in guides
Motion is communicated to the cross head and the pusher foot attached thereto,
through a piston rod attached to a piston %, which reciprocates in a cylinder R².
having ports and, and which is shown arranged along the under side of the
trough The ports and are respectively connected by pipes and p
with ports and of a valve chest R (Figs. 5, 10) whose inlet port, is

page_text: shown connected with the supply main K³ by a pipe ; and a pipe leads from
the exhaust port. The valve chamber, shown, contains a common slide
valve which in one position connects the pipe with the exhaust, and
permits water to pass to the pipe, from the valve chamber, and in the opposite
position, connects the pipe with the exhaust, and allows water to pass from
the valve chamber to the pipe. The valve is shown operated by means of
a lever R pivotally connected with the valve rod 20 and connected with the valve
chest by means of a link. The described valve chest R³ and its valve and ports
are all of common form.
When water is admitted to the cylinder R2, through the port 10 the piston S
is forced back and draws the cross head R¹ and presser foot R back with it until
the latter stands back of the rolls as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 8. The rail to
be subjected to the action of the press, is then started on its way through the
eruning rolls, and when it reaches the presser foot presses it down in front of
it and passes over it. As soon as the rail has passed the presser foot, water is
admitted to the cylinder through the port, and, allowed to exhaust through
the port, and the presser foot R is forced forward, and follows the rail until it
strikes it and then pushes it forward into the die cavity until the rail is in posi-
tion to be operated upon by the press. The presser foot R preferably stops at the
mouth of said cavity in the position in which it is illustrated in Figs. 1, and S
and preferably remains there partially closing the mouth of said cavity until
the press has done its work.
As soon as the rail is in position, the end gates M and M', of the press are
lowered so as to close the ends of the die cavity D¹.
When the gates M and M are lowered, the presser foot R passes into the
cavity in the face of the gate M and preferably fits it closely. As soon as the
end gates are closed, the platen E is lowered and the rail whose crimped form is
shown approximately in dotted lines in Fig. 1 and in full lines in Fig. 8 and 14
is substantially straightened and at the same time compressed longitudinally and
increased in cross sectional area while preferably, at the same time kept in the
shape of a rail in cross section by the die. Its preferred form when compressed
is indicated in Figs. 1, 3, 14 and 15.
When the remodeling of the rail is thus accomplished, the end gates and the
platen E, are both caused to rise, by a suitable movement of the proper valve
levers, and the presser foot R is then caused to resume its original position. I
prefer to so proportion the parts as to cause the end gates to rise more rapidly
than the platen E so as to loosen the ends of the compressed rail, and though it
is not essential, I consider it a good plan to set the end gates in motion before the
platen. In its up stroke, the platen E preferably rises high enough to leave a
longitudinal opening, in the side of the die cavity, for the passage of means
for forcing the compressed rail P², far enough forward to enable it to be gripped
by suitable means for drawing it out of the press. In the form of discharger
mechanism S, (Figs. 3, 5, 16), which I prefer to use, a cylinder St provided with
trunions and s turns in a horizontal plane, in bearings, shown supported by
a standard S2. It contains a reciprocating piston 3, to which a piston rod * is
attached. The piston rod s projects through the inner end of said cylinder, and
the outer end of said rod is preferably provided with a finger adapted to enter
the opening d in the side of the die cavity, when the platen E is at the end of its
up stroke, and said finger is in its outermost position, as shown in Fig. 3. The
finger is caused to extend forward far enough to enter said die cavity by admit-
ting water through a port s back of the piston 3 and is drawn out of said cavity by
admitting water through the port in front of said piston and allowing the water
back of the piston to exhaust through the port s.
To the ends of each of the trunions s and ¹, tubes and whose outer ends
are respectively closed and which each contain perforations 10 are respectively,
preferably, attached. The tube 8, is connected with the port s6, by means of a

page_text: pipe and the tube is connected with the port by means of a pipe s12. The
tubes, rotates in a pipe couplings which connects its perforations 10 with a
pipe and the tube rotates in a similar coupling which connects its per-
forations so with a pipes. The pipes and s lead respectively to ports 3
and of a valve chest S3, which, together with its interior mechanism is pre-
ferably exactly like the valve chest K, (Fig. 10), and corresponding parts are
lettered alike in each. The chest S' is shown connected with the supply main by
pipes and . In operating the discharger the piston is forced out to the
end of the stroke so that its finger is directly behind the rear end of the rail
as shown in Figs. 3 and 5 and then while thus extended they are moved forward
in the arc of a circle, and made to force the compressed rail far enough out of
the die cavity to enable the rotating withdrawing rolls T to catch it. After that,
water is admitted into the cylinder through the port s and the piston rod retracted,
and its fingers drawn out of the opening through the side of said die. At the
same time the cylinder s' and said piston rou and finger are caused to swing back
until the cylinder is once more in the position in which it is illustrated.
swinging motion, is preferably communicated to the cylinder S, by means which
I will now describe. A cylinder S attached to and supported by the standard 82
contains a reciprocating piston head whose piston rod 18 is provided at its
outer end with a T head s19, which is shown connected with trunions 20 pro-
jecting from the cylinder S, by means of links . The cylinder S' is provided
with ports and from which pipes and 25 lead to a valve chest S³, which,
and the valve mechanism therein, may be in all respects like those of the valve
chests R and S. The pipe s preferably connects with a port 3 and the pipe 25
with a portµ·**.
This
The withdrawing rolls T (Figs. 1 and 14) are preferably in all respects like
the rolls Q hereinbefore described and preferably rotate at about the same speed
and in the same direction. They are preferably arranged immediately beneath
the opening m in the gate M as shown, and enter said opening when the gate
is lowered. They are preferably supported upon shafts journaled in bear-
ngs and . One of the shafts t in the arrangement illustrated receives motion
from a shaft T through gears and to and from that shaft motion is communicated
to the shaft t of the other roll through gears or any other suitable means.
the longitudinally compressed rail P², is pushed far enough out of the die
cavity D to be gripped by the rolls T, they catch it and continue its withdrawal
until it is pulled completely out of the die cavity. After it leaves said rolls it
may be removed from their neighborhood by any suitable means.
When
After issuing from the press the rail may be passed through a train or trains
of rolls T, (Fig. 17), and given its final size and shape in cross section and is
preferably given a cross sectional area when rolled somewhat smaller than it had
when it left the press, though larger than it possessed before its longitudinal
compression.
The apparatus illustrated by Figs. 19, 20, 22, 233, is adapted for use in increas-
ing the average cross sectional area of wire, by producing a series of enlarge-
ments therein. In that apparatus 1 represents a table: the table top: ¹ an
opening in the table top: 2 (Fig. 20), opposite dovetailed grooves in which a
cross head reciprocates; ³, a retainer attached to the table top; 1 eccentric
clamps secured to the table top by means of pivots : 13 similar clamps secured
to the cross head by means of pivots and are levers for operating said
clamps. The cross head is attached to piston rods V. whose inner ends are
secured to piston heads ', reciprocating in cylinders V. Water is forced into the
cylinders, by means of suitable mechanism not shown, through the inlet
pipes V2 and 2, and escapes through the same pipes and the outlet 3. Its
The piston is
admission and escape are governed by the two way valve V³.
forced back and the water in the cylinder is expelled by means of the
spring V Where this machine is used for enlarging the average cross sectional
area of wire, the wire is passed through the retainers u³ and secured between the

page_text: After
clamps and Water under pressure is then admitted to the cylinder e, and
forces the cross head towards the retainer, and an enlargement is thus
formed in the wire W. The water in the cylinder is then allowed to escape; the
clamps loosened: and the wire moved forward: after which, the operation is
repeated upon a fresh section. Wire subjected to my process is preferably heated
to a red heat, a section at a time, before the respective sections treated are com-
pressed longitudinally, and after passing through the apparatus, the wire assumes
an appearance approximately, like that of the section shown in Fig. 21.
the wire has been given this form, the next step is to pass it through an
opening in a draw plate X (Fig. 22) from which it issues in the form of
section W. The wire is enlarged in cross section as compared with the average
cross section of the worn wire but is shortened. All its imperfections are removed.
I do not wish to be understood as confining myself to the use of any particular
forms of apparatus in carrying out my process, and when my apparatus claims
are construed I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the special
forms of mechanism shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The art of restoring worn rolled or drawn metallic articles in whole or in
part, and increasing the average cross sectional area of the part renewed, consist-
ing in enlarging the average cross sectional area of the part to be used again,
by longitudinal pressure, and giving it a uniform size and form in cross section
throughout, by transverse pressure.
2. The process of renewing old, worn, rolled or drawn metallic articles in whole
or in part, and increasing the average cross sectional area of the part renewed,
consisting in first heating the article treated, to a heat not lower than a red heat
and not high enough to injure the metal therein: then enlarging the average cross
sectional area of the part to be used again beyond the ultimate cross sectional
area desired and next giving the part whose average cross sectional area has been
enlarged, the desired shape, and a uniform cross sectional area throughout.
:
3. The process of increasing the cross sectional area of metal rails and analogous
articles, consisting in forming in each article treated a series of crimps, and
after crimping it, subjecting it to transverse pressure, substantially in the plane
of its crimps, while limiting its movement at an angle to the direction in which
pressure is applied, and the longitudinal movement of its ends, and so transforming
à part of the transverse pressure applied, into longitudinal pressure.
4. The process of increasing the cross sectional area of metal rails and analogous
articles, consisting in heating each article treated to a heat not lower than a
red head and not high enough to injure the metal therein forming in each, a
series of crimps in substantially the same plane: and subjecting each crimped
rail or other article while at a temperature not lower than a red heat, to transverse
pressure, substantially in the plane of its crimps, while limiting its movement at
an angle to plane of its crimps, and the longitudinal movement of its ends and so
transforming a part of the transverse pressure applied, into longitudinal pressure.
5. The process of increasing the cross sectional area of metal rails and analo-
gous articles, consisting in forming in each article treated a series of lateral
crimps in substantially the same plane, and subjecting each crimped article to
transverse pressure substantially in the plane of its crimps while limiting its
movement, at an angle to the plane of its crimps, and the longitudinal movement
of its ends, and governing the transverse flow of the metal therein, and so
transforming a part of the transverse pressure applied into longitudinal pressure
and increasing its cross sectional area and giving it a substantially uniform size
and shape in cross section throughout simultaneously, substantially as described.
6. The combination in a press, of means for subjecting a crimped rail or
analogous article to transverse pressure in the plane of its crimps, means for

page_text: limiting the movement of the article at an angle to said plane, and means for
limiting its longitudinal movement, while it is being subjected to pressure.
7. The combination in a press of a platen, a ram for applying pressure through
said platen, a cylinder in which said ram reciprocates, means for admitting water
to and exhausting it from said cylinder, a ram for retracting said platen, a cylin-
der in which said ram reciprocates and means for keeping the interior of said
cylinder constantly connected with a source of power.
8. The combination of a pair of crimping rolis, and a rail press having means
for subjecting a crimped rail to transverse pressure in the plane of its crimps,
means limiting the movement of the rail at an angle to said plane, and means
for limiting its longitudinal movement, while it is being subjected to pressure.
9. The combination in a press of a reciprocating platen, a pair of end gates and
means for operating the gates independently.
10. The combination in a press of a reciprocating platen, and a pair of reci-
procating end gates bound together substantially as described.
11. The combination in a die of the member D having the wing d³, and the
member having the wing a, substantially as described.
12. The combination in a press of a platen, means for operating it, an end
gate having an opening for the reception of feed rolls, and a pair of feed rolls
whose ends pass into said opening when the gate is closed.
13. The combination in a press of a platen, a pair of end gates, a pair of feed
rolls arranged at one end of the press and a pair of withdrawing rolls at the
other, substantially as described.
14. The combination in a press feeder, of a pusher foot, a cross head, a support
in the cross head against which the pusher foot rests when elevated, and elastic
means tending to hold said foot against said support.
15. The combination in a press, of a pair of rolls for feeding the press, a
pusher foot adapted to pass between said rolls, a cross head, means pivotally
connecting said pusher foot to said cross head, guides between which the cross
head reciprocates, and means for causing said cross head and the pusher foot
thereby carried, to reciprocate and in their outward stroke to pass beyond said
feed rolls.
16. The combination in a press of a platen, means for elevating and lowering
it, means for guiding it, a pair of end gates, bolts fastening them together,
means for elevating and lowering them, and means for guiding them, substantially
as described.
17. The combination of a pair of fluted crimping rolls (each having projec-
tions which enter the interdental spaces o' of the other, and each containing
an encircling groove following the contour thereof, and said grooves coming
opposite each other and forming a cavity adapted to receive the end of a rail.
18. In a press the combination of a die having two members with a die cavity
between them, means for separating the members of the are far enough to leave
a lateral opening extending out from the die cavity, an arm having a finger
adapted to enter said opening, means for introducing and withdrawing said
finger from said cavity and means for swinging said arm substantially as
described.
19. The combination of a cylinder S¹ provided with trunions s and s¹, bear-
ings, a piston head reciprocating in the cylinder, a piston rod s attached to
said head, and having a fingers, means for introducing water at each end of the
cylinder S, a piston heads, reciprocating in said cylinder, and means connecting
said piston head to the cylinder S, substantially as described.
20. The combination in a press of the top frame B, the bottom frame B¹,
bolts C holding them in position: means for guiding it, rams H attached to the top
of the platen cylinders in which said rams reciprocate, means for fastening said
cylinders to the top frame, means for admitting water to and exhausting it from
the spaces in said cylinders above their respective rams, rams L for elevating
said platen, cylinders in which said rams reciprocate; means securing said

page_text: cylinders to said top frame, and means keeping the interior of said cylinders in
communication with a source of power, substantially as described.
21. Apparatus for working metals, operating substantially as hereinbefore
described.
1
1000
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.