Improvements in Centrifugal Apparatus for Separating Fluids of Different Specific Gravities.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 27th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 27th Jan., 1888
Improvements in Centrifugal Apparatus for Separating Fluids of
Different Specific Gravities.
I, WALDEMAR BERGU, of 35, Eastcheap, in the City of London, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of this Invention, to be as follows:-
-
These improvements have reference to centrifugal apparatus for separating fluids of
different specific gravities. I provide a vessel of a circular and mainly cylindrical
form and as usual in such apparatus made of steel and truly turned inside and out so
as to be accurately balanced. This vessel is formed with a slanting upper truly turned
lid fixed thereto by means of screws so as to be removable for cleaning the interior of
the vessel. The lid terminates in an open neck part. To this latter is firmly secured
an interior circular bell-mouth-shaped truly turned or "spun" part or partition the
lower rim of which is turned so as to almost touch the interior of the aforesaid
cylindrical vessel or separating drum leaving only a very narrow opening all round
between the two. The aforesaid partition. has a slit or slot from the top a short
distance downward, that is to say, the depth of the neck of the separating drum, and
the partition and the neck of the drum being secured together, the aforesaid slot
thus forms an interior channel or passage. The apparatus is mounted upon a spindle
which passes through a flexible neck bearing on the stand or frame and by frictional
contact with a lower spindle provided with a driving pulley receives quickly revolving
motion therefrom. The stand is formed with a case which encloses the revolving
separating drum and on the top of this case the receptacles for the separated fluids
are placed.
The fluid, such for instance as milk, being fed into the separating druin through
the central neck of same and falling down to the bottom will when the apparatus, by
the aforesaid frictional arrangement is gradually brought into quickly revolving motion,
separate into cream and skimmed milk. The latter being the heavier will seek the
circumference of the separating drum and escape upwards through the narrow annular
space between the same and the rim of the aforesaid partition, passing up above the
latter and escaping by a small lateral opening into the receptacle therefor. The size
of this opening may be regulated by a sliding lid to cover it more or less as required

page_text: for regulating the degree of separation; a set screw and gauge marks being provided.
The cream on the other hand will tend towards the, contre and passing up inside the
neck along the aforesaid passage in the neck will overflow at the top into the
receptacle therefor.
This machine is specially applicable for hand power. For gearing up the speed
I may use the corrugated driving band with cogged pulleys.
11
51 1
L 1
1007
WALDEMAR BERGH.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Apparatus for Separating Fluids of
Different Specific Gravities.
I, WALDEMAR BERGH of 35 Eastcheap in the City of London Merchant do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
These improvements have reference to centrifugal apparatus for separating fluids of
different specific gravities.
In the accompanying drawings I have shewn an apparatus constructed according to
this invention and especially suitable for instance for treating milk so as to separate
the cream from the skim milk.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the upper part or separator proper and
Figure 2 a plan view of same.
Figures 3 and 4 are similar views of a modified form.
I provide a vessel A Figure 1 of circular and mainly cylindrical form and as usual
in such apparatus made of steel and truly turned inside and out so as to be accurately
balanced. It is fitted with the usual inner ribs A¹. This vessel is formed with a
slanting upper truly turned lid B fixed thereto by means of screws or studs and nuts
so as to be removable for cleaning the interior of the vessel A.
The lid B terminates in an open neck part B'. To this latter is firmly secured an
interior circular bell mouth shaped truly turned (or spun) part or partition C the
lower rim of which is turned so as to almost touch the interior of the aforesaid
cylindrical vessel or separating drum A, leaving only a very narrow opening &. all
11

page_text: round between the two. The aforesaid partition has a slit or slot c from the top a
short distance downward that is to say about the depth of the neck of the separating
drum A. The parts on each side of the slot are bent outwards and made to fit the
interior of the neck B¹ and as the partition C and the neck of the drum A are secured
together (for instance by soldering) the aforesaid slot c forms an interior channel or
passage which by a small hole c' in a plug communicates with the pipe D) for the exit
or delivery of the lighter fluid such as the cream in the case of separating milk.
b is a small lateral opening communicating with the pipe E for the exit or delivery of
the heavier fluid such as the skim milk.
[t
e is a pipe for conducting the fresh milk into the machine in such manner as to be
easily removable for cleaning and so as not to disturb the cream already formed.
is fixed to the lid and rests in a recess in the bottom of the separator A, where it is
provided with outlet holes under a disc or shield e' which is of such a diameter as to
just reach into the skim milk column. It will be noticed that the opening c¹ for the
cream exit is nearer the centre than the opening for the skim milk exit; this is
necessary for the proper working of the apparatus.
In the modification shewn in Figures 3 and 4 I have made the lid B and the
partition C in one piece and form a small opening c¹ in a plug therein which
communicates with the cream delivery pipe D and a small opening communicating
with the skim milk pipe E. ¹ is a curved rim for guiding the skim milk at this
place, and keeping it separate from the cream. As a modification in the mode of
fixing or holding the supply pipe e I have here shown it simply resting in the recess
in the bottom of the separator drum A and having two top flaps which rest in an
annular recess in the lid but so that the lid does not press upon the top of it.
Figure 5 is a vertical section. Figure 6 an end view and Figure 7 a plan shewing
the corrugated band gearing. The apparatus proper or drum A is mounted upon a
spindle which passes through a flexible neck bearing G on the stand or frame G
and by frictional contact with a lower spindle H provided with a driving pulley f
gradually receives quickly revolving motion therefrom. The pulley is by
corrugated steel driving band J driven from a much larger pulley K on a spindle L
which again by another corrugated steel driving band round a small pulley M
receives motion from a larger pulley N on a spindle O. Or the spindles O and Land
Land H may be geared by cog wheels having their teeth by preference placed at an
angle. The spindle O is by bevel wheel gear P and Q driven from a shaft R with
two cranks receiving motion by connecting rods S S from the treadles T T.
When I use cog wheel gearing I may deaden the noise and produce a solter
motion by springing india rubber rings onto the pinions or pulleys I and M. When
using the corrugated bands I may wrap corrugated steel bands round plain pulleys
IK M N or I may spring india rubber rings on them to give the needed grip.
By the construction and arrangement of parts described I am enabled by an
easy treadle motion or by turning a handle to get up a high and suitable speed
of the separating drum A and to effect a perfect separation of the cream from the
skim milk.
U is a receptacle with compartments V and W for the cream and the skim milk
respectively and having outlet pipes V₁ and W¹. This receptacle need not be provided
with a fixed lid. The compartiments V and W have their bottoms made to slope
towards the outlet pipes V1 and W.
Figure 8 is a part sectional elevation of a more elongated form of separator cylinder
constructed otherwise like the previously described examples. In this view I also
illustrate the manner in which I prefer to supply the milk to the separator but which
I do not claim. is the supply vessel which rests upon a standard k fixed on to the
framing which encloses the cylinder A. The vessel can easily be lifted off when
required for cleaning. By a tap m the milk is delivered to a smaller vessel g which
has a float provided with a peg that enters the outlet shank of the tap and according
to the level of the milk in the vessel g the outlet shank in h will be more or less closed.
The milk passes thence into the pipe provided with tap. This pipe drops into a
conical hole in the bracket g so that it with its attached vessel y can be easily lifted

page_text: out for cleaning. The lower end of the pipe just enters the pipe e which is fitted
to the lid and cylinder as in the previous figures. n is a vessel for collecting and
carrying off by a pipe o any surplus of the oil that is supplied to the neck bearing
above the cup p on the lid B and which may be thrown out of the cup p.
The fluid to be separated such for instance as milk fresh from milking is fed into the
separating drum A through the central neck of same and passes down to the bottom
of the dram through the pipe e, but when the apparatus by the aforesaid frictional
arrangement is gradually brought into quickly revolving motion the cream and skim
milk will be separated by the centrifugal action as is well understood. The skim milk
heing the heavier will seek the circumference of the separating drum A and escape
upwards through the narrow annular space a between the same and the rim of the
partition C passing up above the latter and escaping by the passage band pipe E into
the compartment W whence it runs off into a pail or other collecting vessel by the
pipe W The size of the opening may if desired be regulated by a screw such as d
to cover it more or less as required for regulating the degree of separation. The
cream on the other hand will tend towards the centre and passing up inside the neck
will overflow through the passage el in the plug near the top and thence by the pipe D
run into the compartment V whence it runs off into a pail or other collecting vessel
by the pipe V1.
b
An important advantage resulting from the use of my separator lid is that it is
easily and quickly removed and refixed without disturbing the rest of the machine the
inside diameter of the neck can be made very small and yet afford facility for clearing
the cream outlet and skim milk outlet. By having a small diameter of neck I, bring
the annular column of cream into a smaller diameter, thus ensuring the production of
pure thick cream without admixture of skim milk. The central fresh milk supply
pipe e passing down to the bottom of the drum A and having there a flange e¹ which
reaches through the annular layer of cream prevents any disturbance to the cream
already separated or formed; this pipe moreover is easily removed for cleaning.
The machine is here shown applicable for hand power, but the lid B, partition (
and parts connected therewith may also be applied to larger machines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
:-
First The construction of "hand power" or treadle machine substantially as
described and shown.
Second-In combination with a separator drum A the lid B having a partition C
and passages for the exit of the separated fluids substantially as described and shown.
Third In combination with a separator drum A and lid B the pipe e for supplying
the fluid to be separated substantially as described and shown.
Fourth-The collecting vessel U with compartments V and W for the heavy and
light fluids in combination with the pipes D & E in machines constructed substan-
tially as described and shewn.
Datul this 27th day of October 1887