Year: 1894

page_text: Dat of Application (in United Kingdom), 11th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Dec., 1894
I, CARL WILHELM RAMSTEDT, of Tranbygge, Kungsängen, in the Kingdom
of Sweden, Doctor of Phil., do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described,
and ascertained, in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a pasteurizing apparatus with rotating heating and
cooling elements.
For obtaining a vivid exchange of heat when pasteurizing without any risk of a
partial superheating, it has hitherto been usual to give the two fluids or gases the
greatest possible speed or to bring into the liquid to be pasteurized rotating objects,
which set the fluid in motion at the walls towards the heat element.
The arrangement hereafter described has for its purpose also to cause the vessels,
for the exchange of heat between the liquids or gases to rotate in the liquid to be
pasteurized, while this liquid by means of fixed objects, placed between the rotating
vessels, is, in order to increase the friction, prevented from partaking in the rotation
of the heat elements and in order to regulate its course led from the inlet past each
of the rotating faces to the outlet. Simultaneously the water or the steam circulates
inside the walls of the rotating vessels.
These arrangements have for their purpose at the same time to increase the
exchange of heat and to prevent a partial superheating and the formation of
deposits on the walls of the heat elements and changes in the composition of the
fluid depending thereupon.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the apparatus.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, which represent horizontal sections, illustrate some of
the different ways in which the heat elements may be arranged, and
Figure 7 shows a detail.
The apparatus consists of an outer vessel A, which contains the fluid to be
pasteurized and which may be either cylindrical as shown in the drawing or inverted
cone shaped. The said vessel is provided with two ends B and C, which are
preferably plane or somewhat vaulted, the lower one C is.attached to or forms part
of the vessel, while the upper end or cover is fixed by means of screws, so that it
may be easily removed. Through the middle of these two ends extends the
rotating shaft D, which within the vessel A by the aid of a flange at its lower end
carries the vessels or heat elements E, containing hot water or steam or cold water.
The vessels E which are preferably made disc-shaped on the outside, are
strengthened towards the middle and provided with holes in the centre to enable
them to be placed on the shaft D, which is provided with a longitudinal key, one

page_text: vessel being arranged above the other with packing between them. By this
strengthening arrangement I obtained interspaces for the circulation of the liquid
to be pasteurized. The outer edge of every second vessel is arranged as near as
possible to the wall of the vessel A, while the outer edge of the remaining vessels
are at a suitable distance from the said wall. The liquid to be pasteurized is led
into the vessel A at F through the bottom C of the said vessel, ascends past the
rotating heat elements E and finally leaves the vessel through the opening G in
the cover B. Through the heat elements extending to the walls of the vessel A
and near the centre are placed tubes H, through which the ascending liquid to be
pasteurized can pass. The liquid can pass the remaining heat elements between
the wall of the vessel A and the circumference of the heat elements. For hastening
the effluence of the liquid at G agitators I are fixed on the shaft D immediately
below the upper bottom B, whereby the liquid is caused to partake in the rotation
at this place. Such agitators may also be fixed on the shaft D immediately above
the bottom C and serve in this case to hasten the entering of the liquid through the
inlet pipe which is then placed at the centre.
The heating water or the steam is led in through the upper end of the shaft D,
which is partially hollow and passes into the vessels E, which the liquid passes in
turn from above downwards, and is finally led away through the lower end of the
shaft D. When cooled the stream is reversed.
The heat elements or vessels E may also as already indicated, be arranged in
various manners. The six upper vessels in Figure 1 as well as Figures 2 and 3
indicate how the vessels are arranged for the use of hot or cold water. The three
vessels nearest the bottom in Figures 1, 4 and 5 show how the vessels are arranged,
when used for steam. In each of the three uppermost vessels in Figure 1 is inserted
a partition wall K, dividing the vessel in two horizontal chambers, equal in size
and communicating through openings in the partition wall at its circumference.
When such vessels are used, the heating liquid from the shaft D enters the upper-
most vessel and the uppermost chamber therein through the passage M passes
through the openings L to the lower chamber of the vessel whence the liquid can
pass through the passage M' down to the vessel next below and so on through all
the remaining vessels, before it is led away through the shaft D. The three
vessels, shown in the middle of Figure 1, and also Figure 3, illustrate another
construction, each one of such vessels forms, by means of inserted walls N, a spiral
shaped passage (see Figure 3). After the liquid led in through the inlet O has
passed said passage, it can enter the vessel, situated next below, through the
outlet O and across through the shaft D and so on. When steam used instead
of hot water, the vessels are arranged like the three nearest the bottom in Figure 1.
The steam enters and is spread in the vessel through the inlet P (see Figure 4)
and is then led to the outlet R through the perforated pipe Q, following the
circumference of the vessel in order afterwards to enter the vessel next below in
the manner above described. The pipe Q is laid upon the bottom of the vessel, 80
that the condensed water produced within each vessel may be able to pass away
through the pipe with the steam.
Figure 5 shows another construction of the vessels for the use of steam. In this
case the tube Q is substituted by a sector shaped space X, which in the manner,
shown on the drawing, is in communication with the outlet of the vessel Y (see
Figure 5). Steam and condensed water can enter said space through openings Z
made in the one wall of the space as near as possible the circumference of the
vessel.
'
Figure 6 shows another similar construction in which the steam enters through a
perforated or cut up pipe B', situated at the circumference of a horizontal plate A¹
within the vessel. In consequence of the rotation the steam is pushed away by the
condensed water towards the centre, thereby, following said plate A' as far as the
outlet at the centre. The water circulates around the disc. From the space above
the disc a smaller pipe C' is led into the outlet pipe in order to facilitate the driving
out of the air. This construction permits the steam to circulate in the vessel

page_text: without particular contact with the outer walls of the vessel, where the exchange.
of heat is effected by the water, heated by the steam.
For producing a suction in each vessel in order to remove completely specially
the condensed water, to the outside R a pipe S, forming an angle with the shaft D,
is in connection with the outlet at the lower end of said shaft. The outer end of
this pipe, provided with an opening of suitable size rotates during the rotation of
the shaft D in a gutter shaped channel T cut up at the side and situated along the
circumference. The suction, produced at the mouth of the pipe S in consequence
of the rotation, is communicated to all the vessels and hastens as mentioned above,.
the removal of the water which may then be thrown out in the channel or gutter T
through the pipe S, bent at the end and be led away through this channel. Instead
of permitting the heating liquid or the steam or the cooling liquid to pass each
heating element or vessel E separately, as described above, the liquid or steam
may evidently be led into two or several vessels simultaneously. If it is desired
to lead in the liquid or steam simultaneously in greater series of vessels, the shaft
is vertically divided in two compartments, which are alternately provided with
horizontal partition walls between the series. For producing a great effect in the
exchange of heat between the heat elements and the liquid to be pasteurized, as
well as for preventing a partial superheating and a deposit on the heat elements,
resulting therefrom, fixed objects, as already mentioned, are placed between, the
heat elements. In the apparatus in question these fixed objects consist of brushes U.
the one end of which is fixed to a bar V, standing along the inside of the vessel A,
while the other free end of the brushes extend on both sides of the shaft D. In
Figure 7 is shown a cross section of the brushes. As shown, the brushes. are
triangular in this section and have such a direction with relation to the direction
of rotation of the heat elements, that they prevent the liquid to be pasteurized
from being carried along with the heat elements. The bristles are fixed in such a
manner on the upper and lower side along the brushes, that they glide on the
outer sides of the heat elements, thereby preventing the formation of the deposits
as above mentioned. The brushes have further for their purpose to bring the
liquid to be pasteurized to stream in an almost radial direction between the heat
elements and have for this reason an oblique position to the direction of rotation.
As shown on the drawing this is attained by placing the free ends of the brushes
on the sides of the shaft D. It may easily be understood that the apparatus now
described is suitable for heating and cooling of gases as well as liquids, that it
may be taken apart for cleaning and that it permits liquids or gases to pass without
contact with the atmospheric air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A pasteurizing apparatus, characterized thereby that the heat elements or
vessels (E) contained in the vessel (A) for the liquid to be pasteurized, in which
vessels (E) water or steam circulates, are fixed on a rotating shaft (D), all. with
the object that by the friction between the liquid to be pasteurized and the
vessels (E), increased in this manner, a more effective exchange of heat may arise
through the walls of the vessels (E).
2. In a pasteurizing apparatus, such as indicated in the first claim, the
arrangement of fixed objects between the heat elements or vessels (E) preferably
brushes (U), extending from the wall of the pasteurizing vessel (A) and the
bristles of which slide on the vessels (E) rotating on both sides, the position of
the brushes (U) being such, that they form an oblique angle to the direction of
rotation, all with the object of increasing the friction and the exchange of heat,
and to prevent the formation of deposits on the outside of the vessels (E) as well
as to conduct the stream of the liquid to be pasteurized in the radial direction.
3. In a pasteurizing apparatus, such as indicated in the first claim, the
arrangement, in which the circumference of every second rotating vessel (E) fixed

page_text: on the shaft (D), extends to the wall of the vessel (A), whereas the circumference
of the remaining vessels (E) is arranged a short distance from said wall, the first
mentioned vessels (E) being near the centre provided with transverse tubes or
passages (H), all with the object that the said tubes or passages (H) together
with the interspaces, formed at the circumference of every second vessel (E). may
permit the liquid to be pasteurized to flow past all the vessels.
4. In a pasteurizing apparatus, such as indicated in the first claim, the
arrangement in which the outlet (M¹ O¹ or R) of each vessel (E) communicates
with the inlet (M O or P) of the adjacent vessel through the shaft (D), or that a
series of two or more vessels in the same manner communicate with the adjacent
series of vessels, and that the first and the last of the vessels (E) or a series of the
first vessels as well as the last ones by their outlets or inlets communicate with
the open ends of the shaft, with the object that the liquid or steam, led in through
either of the shaft ends may enter a vessel (E) or a number of them simultaneously,
so that it flows through one vessel or a number of them.
5. The vessels or heat elements (E) in the pasteurizing apparatus, indicated in
the first claim, each divided by a partition wall (K) into two chambers, which
communicate through openings (L) in said wall (K) and of which the one
communicates with the inlet and the other with the outlet of the vessel (E).
6. In the vessels (E) indicated in the fifth claim, the modification, in which
instead of the partition wall (K) are inserted other walls (N) or laid in pipes,
forming spiral shaped passages, which communicate with the inlets as well as the
outlets of the vessels (E).
7. In the vessels (E), indicated in the fifth claim, the modification, chiefly
intended for the use of steam instead of hot water, consisting of a perforated or
cut up pipe (Q) which is situated within each vessel (E) at the circumference of
the same or reaching to the circumference of the same and which leads to the
outlet of the vessel, with the object that the steam passing into the vessel through
the inlet, may be able to enter the pipe (Q) and be conducted away from the same
together with condensed water.
8. In the vessel (E), indicated in the seventh claim, the modification, in which
instead of the pipe (Q) the vessel is divided in a sector shaped space (X), which
communicates with the outlet of the vessel (E) and into which steam or condensed
water may enter through openings (Z) made in the one or both walls of the space
near the circumference of the vessel (E).
9. In the rotating vessels (E), indicated in the seventh claim, a further
modification, consisting therein, that the pipe (Q) is put in communication with
the inlet of the steam and is fixed to the circumference of a disc (A') extending
from the centre of the vessel (E), with the object that the steam may follow said
disc towards the centre where the outlet is placed without coming in contact with
the outer walls of the vessel (E), where the condensed water, surrounding the disc,
effects the exchange of heat between the steam and the liquid to be pasteurized in
the vessel (A).
10. In a pasteurizing apparatus, such as indicated in the first, fourth, seventh,
eighth and ninth claim, an arrangement for facilitating the removal of the water
from the vessels, consisting of one or more pipes (S), applied to the one end of the
shaft (D) and forming an angle with said shaft and open at the outer free end with
the object that a counteraction against the streaming within the vessels (E) of the
water or the condensed water towards the periphery may arise in the pipe brought
to rotate by the rotation of the shaft (D).
Dad thin 11th 1
1004
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.