IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES FOR STEAM BOILERS, KILNS, FURNACES, STOVES AND OTHER EVAPORATING, SMELTING, DRYING, ROASTING AND HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES FOR STEAM
BOILERS, KILNS, FURNACES, STOVES AND OTHER EVAPORATING, SMELTING,
DRYING, ROASTING AND HEATING APPARATUS" communicated to him from
abroad by Friedrich von Callenberg and Edmund Fischer both of Teplitz
Bohemia
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1883.
PETER JENSEN of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-PLACES FOR STEAM BOILERS, KILNS, FURNACES, STOVES AND OTHER
EVAPORATING, SMELTING, DRYING, ROASTING AND HEATING APPARATUS "
munication to me from abroad by Friedrich von Callenberg and Edmund Fischer,
both of Teplitz Bohemia)
(A Com-
The object of this invention is to construct improved fire-places which shall be
suitable for stationary, locomotive and marine steam boilers as well as for lime
kilns, pottery kilns, brick kilns, malt kilns, brewing pans, smelting and other
furnaces, domestic and other stoves and other heating, smelting evaporating and
drying apparatus, and which shall also be suitable for any fuel such as coals of all
kinds, sawdust, spent tan and other refuse combustible materials.
The invention consists essentially in providing above the grate, an enclosed space in
which the fuel undergoes a preparatory drying and heating process and is deprived
of its fluid constituent parts in a manner somewhat similar to that of the coking
process. The carbonaceous heated material thus produced is caused to drop onto or be
delivered to the grate by opening a slide, thus doing away with the opening of the
ordinary fire door for charging the grate and with the consequent rush of cold air
entering the fire-place; the fire-door in this invention is only used when the fire
is laid at starting and for cleaning the grate; all the required fuel being afterwards
successively charged into the aforesaid drying heating and gas-depriving space. This
latter is supplied with heated air from flues arranged in the brickwork of the fire-
place. The gases driven off from the fuel are lead into the boiler flue or fire-place.
A brick arch is formed under the slide for admitting the fuel to the grate. The
preparatory fuel heating space is generally separated from the space over the grate
by a brick arch.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th December
1883.
"
"
IMPROVE-
PETER JENSEN of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
MENTS IN FIREPLACES FOR STEAM BOILERS, KILNS, FURNACES, STOVES, AND OTHER
EVAPORATING, SMELTING, DRYING ROASTING AND HEATING APPARATUS (a commu-
nication to me from abroad Friedrich von Callenberg and Edmund Fischer, both of
Teplitz, Bohemia
The object of this Invention is to construct improved fireplaces which shall be
suitable for stationary, locomotive and marine steam boilers as well as for lime
kilns, pottery kilns, brick kilns, siderolite kilns malt kilns, brewing pans, smelting,
reverberatory, welding, and other furnaces, domestic and other stoves and other
heating smelting evaporating and drying apparatus and which shall also be suitable
for any fuel such as coals of all kinds, sawdust, spent tan, and other refuse
combustible materials.
This arrangement also offers the following advantages:
1 The fuel is freed from the water and moisture contained therein and is
heated before being delivered into the grate to such a temperature that it forms
gaseous carburets which pass into a combustion chamber where they are mixed
with heated air and burn without smoke and with a long flame.
2nd The absence of the cooling of the fire on the grate and the complete and
smokeless combustion render the arrangement economical.
The Invention consists essentially in providing above the grate, an enclosed
space in which the fuel undergoes a preparatory drying and distilling process and
is deprived of its fluid constituent parts in a manner somewhat similar to that of
the coking process. The carbonaceous heated material thus produced is caused to
drop on to or be delivered to the grate by opening a slide, thus doing away with
the opening of the ordinary fire-door for charging the grate and with the couse-
quent rush of cold air entering the fireplace; the fire door in this invention is ouly
used when the fire is laid at starting and for cleaning the grate; all the required
fuel being afterwards successively charged into the aforesaid drying heating and
gas-depriving space. This latter is supplied with heated air from flues arranged
in the brickwork of the fireplace. The gases driven off from the fuel are led into
the boiler flue or fireplace. A brick arch is formed under the slide for admitting
the fuel to the grate. The preparatory fuel heating space is generally separated
from the space over the grate by a brick arch.
The annexed five sheets of drawings illustrate this improved arrangement of fire
places in connection with several kinds of steam boilers and kilns.
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the improved fire-place, as applied to an
ordinary steam boiler;
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same;
Figure 3 a horizontal section, and
Figure 4 a front view;
Figure 5 represents a sectional side elevation of a malt kiln provided with said
improved arrangement of fireplace ;
Figure 6 is a section through line a b, Figure 5, and
Figure 7 is a section through line cd, Figure 5 ;
Figure 8 shows a longitudinal section of a Cornish steam boiler, having its firo
place arranged according to this invention;
Figure 9 is a section through the line a b, Figure 8;

page_text: Figure 10 is a transverse section through a flue-boiler in connection with the
improved fireplace;
Figure 11 is a longitudinal section of said flue-boiler;
Figure 12 represents the arrangement of the improved fire place as applied to a
lime-kiln ;
Figure 13 shows the improvements adapted to the fire place of a locomotive
engine.
In all these Figures, like letters of reference are employed to designate like
parts.
The fuel intended to be consumed is introduced by a door or trap a into a
vaulted chamber A disposed above the fire grate C, the said opening or door a can
be tightly shut.
In some cases a funnel F may as shown in Figure 8 be formed and provided
with a door a¹. In continuously working furnaces, kilns and other heat apparatus
the sides of the distilling chamber A are made of fire proof bricks or slabs whilst
in intermittently working apparatus these side walls should be made with iron
plates in order to accelerate the beginning of the distilling process.
The gases and steam, developed in this distillery chamber, are led through a slot b
into the chamber of combustion B, whilst another slot c admits into the same
chamber B heated air, the gases and steam are thus mixed with the air and
completely burnt.
The firegrate C is here shown as a step grate and is arranged in the combustion-
chamber B separated from the distilling chamber A by an arch. The communication
between these two chambers is established by means of a movable slide valve d, or
it may be a throttle valve as in figs 12 and 13; by opening this valve the fuel is
made to drop from the distilling chamber upon the grate C.
The combustion chamber B is likewise provided with an outwardly opening fire-
door e, but this firedoor is used only when starting the fire and for cleaning the
grate; at all other times it is kept hermetically shut
The admission of the hot air to the combustion chamber B is effected by means
of flues D, D and E and regulated by incans of slides, disposed outside the walls of
the fireplace.
The quantity of air admitted below the grate and required for the combustion
of the fuel upon the grate, is regulated by means of doors f made of sheet-iron.
The peculiar characteristic of these improved fire places, when compared with
other smokeless fireplaces is, that the fuel destined to be burnt, is not delivered
directly into the chamber of combustion B, but previously introduced in a distilling
chamber A arranged above the combustion-chamber and separated from the same
by an arch in which distilling chamber the fuel is freed from its gaseous com-
ponents by the waste heat of the chamber of combustion whilst the gases are
conducted into the chamber of combustion, mixed with heated air and entirely
burnt. Then by means of a movable slide d the solid fuel when entirely freed
from its gaseous components, is made to drop upon the fire grate of the chamber of
combustion, where it is entirely consumed, without producing any smoke
The dry distillation of the fuel in a chamber disposed above the space where the
combustion takes place and quite separated from this space has not been applied
in the described manner in any of the patented smokeless fire places known
until now.
I claim as the invention communicated to me:
A fire place in which, by means of the waste heat emanating from a chamber of
combustion B, the fuel is previously to its complete burning freed from its gaseous
components, in a chamber A, disposed above the said chamber of combustion and
separated therefrom by a partition or arch; the gaseous parts thus evolved being
then led through a slot 6 into the chamber of combustion, there become mixed
with heated air and entirely burnt, whilst the solid fuel freed from its gaseous
components is delivered by means of a slide d or other suitable contrivance into

page_text: the said chamber of combustion B. where it undergoes a complete and smokeless
combustion, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings
and for the purposes set forth.
.
In Witness whereof the said Peter Jensen have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fourth day of December in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.