IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA- RATUS FOR GRINDING. CRUSHING, CLEANING, AND HULLING OR SHILLING VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CRUSHING OR GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Patterson, of Beverley, in the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR GRINDING. CRUSHING, CLEANING, AND HULLING OR SHILLING
VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
CRUSHING OR GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCE"
Sealed the 10th November 1863, and dated the 15th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Patterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1863.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, CLEANING, AND HULLING OR
SHELLING VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
CRUSHING OR GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES." to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of mills in which the grain or other
substance is introduced through an eye or aperture in or near the centre of
one of the stones to the space between the grinding surfaces, and is ground or
otherwise operated upon in its course from thence to the periphery, where it is
discharged. The grinders may be of stone, or steel. or other suitable material,
[Price Sd.]

page_text: and may be placed horizontally or vertically: they may also be placed concen-
trically or excentrically to each other.
The improvements consist, firstly, in causing both the grinders to revolve in
the same direction, but at different speeds, to facilitate the discharge of the
ground material, and to effect a more perfect distribution of the feed over the
grinding surfaces.
Secondly, in place of imparting to both stones a simple rotatory motion on
their asis, it is proposed in certain cases to impart a compound or twofold
motion to one of them by causing it to revolve round its own axis, whilst at
the same time such axis itself is made to describe an orbit round an imaginary
axis. By this compound motion of one of the stones. a wrenching or compound
action is obtained upon the substances to be ground or otherwise acted upon
in addition to the effect produced by the ordinary motion of millstones or
other similarly arranged grinding surfaces. Or in lien of imparting such
compound motion to one of the grinding surfaces. I may cause one of such
surfaces to revolve in the ordinary manner, whilst the other grinding surface
is caused to revolve in an orbit with or without a rotatory motion round its
own axis or centre.
Thirdly, of an improved mode of introducing the substance to be ground or
otherwise acted upon between the grinding surfaces. For this purpose a
recess or space is formed in the back of the stone around the spindle upon
which it revolves, and as close up to the surface of the stone as convenient,
and from this recess the grain or other substance to be ground or otherwise
acted upon is thrown through several surrounding openings by centrifugal
force. The admission of the grain or feed is regulated by a modification of
the apparatus commonly known as the "silent feeder." The sliding tube in
this case encloses the mill spindle, and is sufficiently large to allow the grain
to pass freely towards the end of the tube, from which it is allowed to escape
as the tube is drawn back from the inner end of the recess.
Fourthly, in causing both stones to revolve upon the same spindle by fixing
one of them upon the spindle and the other upon a tube which encloses a
portion of the spindle, and is free to revolve upon it.
Fifthly, of an improved mode of regulating the distance between the
grinding surfaces, by connecting a screw on the spindle by means of wheelwork
with a handle or regulator in such a way that the handle remains at rest while
the spindle revolves.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Patterson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th November 1863,
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. JOHN
PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Patterson, Her special license that 1, the said John Patterson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1. the said John
Patterson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, CLEANING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING VARIOUS
KINDS OF FARM 03 VEGETABLE PRODUCE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CUSHING OR
GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Patterson, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and
seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Patterson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to that class of mills in which the grain or other
substance is introduced through an eye or aperture in or near the centre of
one of the stones to the space between the grinding surfaces, and is grooved or
otherwise operated upon in its course from thence to the periphery, where it is
discharged. The grinders may be of stone, or steel, or other suitable material,
and may be placed horizontally or vertically; they may also be placed concen-
trically or eccentrically to each other.

page_text: The improvements consist, firstly. in causing both the grinders to revolve in
the same direction, but at different speeds, to facilitate the discharge of the
ground material, and to effect a more perfect distribution of the feed over the
grinding surfaces.
Secondly, in place of imparting to both stones a simple rotatory motion on
their axis, it is proposed in certain cases to impart a compound or twofold
motion to one of them by causing it to revolve round its own axis, whilst nt
the same time such axis itself is made to describe an orbit round an imaginary
axis. By this compound motion of one of the stones, a wrenching or compound
action is obtained upon the substances to be ground or otherwise acted upon
in addition to the effect produced by the ordinary motion of millstones or
other similarly arranged grinding surfaces. Or in lieu of imparting such
compound motion to one of the grinding surfaces, I may cause one of such
surfaces to revolve in the ordinary manner, whilst the other grinding surface is
caused to revolve in an orbit with or without a rotatory motion round its own
axis or centre.
Thirdly, of an improved mode of introducing the substance to be ground or
otherwise acted upon between the grinding surfaces. For this purpose a
recess or space is formed in the back of the stone around the spindle upon
which it revolves, and as close up to the surface of the stone as convenient,
and from this recess the grain or other substance to be ground or otherwise
acted upon is thrown through several surrounding openings by centrifugal
force. The admission of the grain or feed is regulated by a modification of
the apparatus commonly known as the "silent feeder." The sliding tube in
this case encloses the mill spindle, and is sufficiently large to allow the grain
to pass freely towards the end of the tube, from which it is allowed to escape
as the tube is drawn back from the inner end of the recess.
Fourthly, in causing both stones to revolve upon the same spindle by fixing
one of them upon the spindle and the other upon a tube which encloses a
portion of the spindle, and is free to revolve upon it.
Fifthly, of an improved mode of regulating the distance between the
grinding surfaces, by connecting a screw on the spindle by means of wheelwork
with a handle and wheel or regulator, in such a way that the handle or wheel
remains at rest while the spindle revolves.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose 1 shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.

page_text: Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation of one
form of my improved grinding mill; Figure 2 is a corresponding end elevation
of the same; and Figure 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional detail of the
main spindle and stones and parts in immediate connection therewith.
The stone F revolves.
slower rate, and this
in the same direction
A, A. are the main standards or supports of the mill united by a longi-
tudinal girder B bolted between them. Inio the tops of these standards are
fitted the two bearings C, C, in which the main spindle D roiates, this spindle
being provided with the ordinary fast and loose drawing pullies E, E¹.
F, F, are the two stones or grinding surfaces; they are both carried
upon the spindle D, and are concentric thereto. These stones are dressed
in the usual way, but as they are both arranged on one and the same
spindle, their faces are always true to each other.
in the same direction as the stone F1, but at a
imparting of a rotatory motion to both the stones
constitutes an essential feature of my Invention. By this arrangement
all re-grinding of the meal or flour is prevented, as the ground material
is thrown out from between the stones more expeditiously, and consequently
the disadvantages of clogging, heating, and killing the flour are obviated,
and the color and quality of the flour are unimpaired. The slow stone F is
connected to a plate or cast-iron boss G by a number of bolts H secured into
the stone with lead, and this boss is fixed securely upon the tube I on the
spindle by means of screws at K, K, so arranged as to admit of the stone
being set up from time to time nearer to the fast stone as it wears thinner.
L is a metal cylinder projecting from the side or face of the plate or boss G.
in order to obtain a dust-tight joint. The tube is free to revolve round the
spindle, and to its outer end is keyed a spur wheel M, which receives motion
from a second wheel N on the end of a short second motion shaft O working
in a long collar bearing P bolted to the girder B. To the outer end of this
shaft is keyed a spur wheel Q, which gears into and derives motion from a
pinion R fast on the extreme end of the main spindle D. It will thus be
seen that on rotating the spindle D at any given velocity a slower rotatory
motion will be transmitted through the toothed gearing to the tube and
stone F carried thereon. The fast stone F is secured direct to the main
spindle itself by means of a cast-iron boss S, which is fixed on to the spindle
by a key and set screw T. This boss is flanged at S¹ so as to bear against the
back of the stone F', which is firmly secured thereto by means of a number of
bolts U. U, similar to those at H employed for uniting the stone F with its
boss already referred to. The stone F will consequently revolve at the same
rate as the spindle D, whilst the stone F rotates more slowly but in the same

page_text: direction. An eye V is formed in the centre of the fast stone F'. through
which the materials to be ground or otherwise treated are fed, and a cor-
responding space or circular chamber W is left in the centre of the face of
the slow stone F. The interior sides of the eye V and chamber W are
bevelled outwards, as shown, and meet at the line of junction of the two
grinding surfaces, as shown clearly in Figure 3: by this means the material
is directed at once between the surfaces of the two stones. X is a supply
hopper which discharges the grain or other substance into the second or "feed
regulating hopper" Y. This latter hopper is provided with a boss Z, which
slides longitudinally along the spindle D, and its lower discharging mouth is
provided with a sheet metal tube a, which projects some distance inside a
circular recess in the centre of the boss S. Round the circumference of this
circular recess are formed a number of inclined radiating passages b. b, which
communicate direct with the interior space or eye of the stone, and through
which the grain or other substance is impelled by centrifugal force as it issues
from the tube a. It is at once evident that by sliding the hopper Y and
tube a to or fro by means of the small adjusting or feed-regulating screw Y¹
(Figure 1), so as to cover more or less the entrances to the passages b, b, the
feed will be regulated accordingly. In the Drawing, Figure 3, the end of the
tube a is represented as nearly covering the passages, and consequently very
little feed is on, but if it were drawn back so as to expose the full areas of the
passages, then the feed would be quicker.
In order to adjust or regulate the distance between the two grinding
surfaces to suit the materials to be operated upon, or to obtain a finer or
coarser flour, employ a hand wheel c, the interior of the boss d of which is
screwed, and works upon a corresponding screw thread cut in the circum-
ference of the brass collar c. This collar is fitted upon the spindle D, but is
held stationary to prevent it from rotating therewith by means of a metal
strap which is bolted to the end standard, and is also bolted to a tail piece
or projecting arm on the collar itself. A portion of this collar is hollowed
Sulliciently to receive an inner brass collar h. which is secured to the outer
collare by a key i in order to prevent it from revolving with the spindle D.
upon which it is fitted. A key way k is cut longitudinally in the outer surface
of the inner collar h, which permits it to move more freely in a longitudinal
direction upon the spindle D. To obtain this longitudinal motion the outer
end of the inner collar his flanged at ', so as to bear against the side of the
screwed boss d of the regulating wheel, and hence when this wheel is rotated
in one direction it will press outwards the inner collar h, and cause it to bear
against the end of the sliding tube I, which carries the slow stone F, and bring

page_text: that stone as close as may be desired to the surface of the fast running stone F.
The fixed collar e is stayed or supported against the thrust by means of a fixed
collar 1, secured firmly on to the end of the spindle D by a steel pin m driven
through it and through the spindle. In order to remove the stones, it is
simply requisite to take off the keeps of the end bearings of the spindle D.
then to lift the spindle with its appurtenances on to the floor, and remove the
collar by driving out the steel pin. when the tube I, with the stone F, may be
readily slid off the spindle. n is a movable casing of wood or metal, which
covers the upper part of the stones. the lower half being enclosed within the
stationary casing o bolted to the girder B of the framing. To the bottom of
this casing or chamber there is fitted a spout or shute p for the delivery of
the flour or other substance after it has been ground or operated upon by the
grinding surfaces.
Figure 1 on Sheet 2 of my Drawings represents, in vertical section, an
arrangement of horizontal stones whereby an orbital motion is imparted to the
upper stone F, without giving it a rotatory motion on its own axis or centre.
For this purpose I attach a plate or flange G. by bolts or otherwise, to the
upper surface of the stone. and this plate rests upon three or more circular
rockers or gyrators g. 9.
The lower ends of the rocker shafts rest in counter-
sinks or cups h, h, and their upper ends are inserted into corresponding
countersinks in the plate or flange G. On the top of the main spindle D there
is a crank pin d, which works in a hole in the centre of the plate G. so that
on the spindle D revolving the crank pin will cause the stone to describe an
orbit round the centre of the shaft, the eye in the stone being sufficiently large
to allow for such motion. The lower stone F may be fast upon the spindle D
and revolve with it, or it may remain stationary.
Figure 2 represents a vertical section, and Figure 3 a horizontal section,
along the line 1, 2, of another modification of mill. wherein one of the grinding
surfaces receives a rotatory motion round its own axis or centre, which axis or
centre at the same time describes an orbit round an imaginary centre, or
round the centre of the main actuating spindle. F. F, are two horizontal
grinding surfaces, which may consist of thick plates, as shown in the Drawing,
or of ordinary stones if preferred. The upper one F of these grinding surfaces
is stationary, being fixed by means of the screws H. H. to the under side of
the casing or cover n. The lower grinding surface F¹ receives a compound or
planet motion; it is fixed by means of pins or otherwise to the surface of the
plate G, upon which it rests, and this plate is cast in one piece with a pinion M,
and is mounted upon the crank pin or eccentric portion d of the main spindle D,
a bearing brass e being fitted on the crank pin for that purpose. The lower

page_text: portion of the spindle D is supported in any convenient and well known
arrangement of bearings, and the top of the crank pin may be provided with
an oil cup in the space f. for the purpose of lubricating the bearing brass e
The pinion M gears into a stationary internal spur wheel N. which may be
cast in one piece with the surrounding casing a of the mill. As the pinion is
carried round or caused to describe an orbit by the revolution of the crank
pin d round the centre of the spindle D. it gears into the teeth of the internal
gear N. and consequently revolves round its own axis or crank pin d simul-
taneously with its orbital motion. X is the feeding hopper, and the feeding
plate, forming a silent feeder, such plate being carried upon the top of the
crank pin, and describing an orbit inside the hopper, thereby shaking down
the grain into the eye of the upper grinding surface. p is the spout for
discharging the flour or other ground substance. It is obvious that the
compound motion might be applied to the upper stone or grinding surface
whilst the lower one remains stationary, or both the stones may rotate on their
own axes in lieu of one of them being fixed. In some cases the grinding
surfaces may work vertically instead of horizontally, as shown in the
Drawings.
Figures 4 and 5 represent another arrangement applied to vertical stones.
whereby the two stones F. F¹, rotate eccentrically to each other in place of
upon one and the same axis. To obtain this result it is simply requisite to
make the tube of larger diameter internally than that of the main spindle D.
and to place it eccentrically upon that spindle, as shown clearly in Figure 5.
In order to prevent the tube shaking, and to maintain it in its proper eccentric
position to the spindle D. the side of the casing n is made to surround it, as
shown in Figure 4, where a portion of such casing only is shown. M is
the spar wheel, which is keyed on to the end of the tube T. and receives
motion from the second motion shaft O. as described in reference to Figures 1
and 2, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Pafent, is,--
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of machinery
or apparatus for grinding, crushing, cleansing, and hulling or shelling various
kinds of farm or vegetable produce, and for the crushing or grinding of minerals
and other hard substances, as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of two grinding surfaces made to revolve in

page_text: the same direction, but at different speeds, in the manner and for the purpose
substantially as herein-before described.
Third, the application and use of two grinding surfaces, the axis of one of
which is caused to describe an orbit round an imaginary centre, in combination
or not with a rotatory motion of the same grinding surface round its own
centre or axis.
Fourth, the means for facilitating the introduction of the substances to be
ground or otherwise acted upon between the grinding or rubbing surfaces,
substantially as herein-before described.
Fifth, the peculiar arrangement and combination of apparatus for regulating
the feed in grinding mills, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the application and use to and in machinery or apparatus for effecting
the operations herein-before referred to of two stones or rubbing surfaces, one
of such stones or rubbing surfaces being fixed upon a revolving spindle, and
the other upon a tube or collar. which revolves freely upon the said spindle,
either concentrically or eccentrically thereto.
Seventh. the peculiar combination and arrangement of apparatus for
regulating the distance between the grinding or rubbing surfaces in mills,
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof. I, the said John Patterson, have to this my Specifica-
tion hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN PATTERSON. (L.S.)