IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MORTAR, CEMENT, AND CONCRETE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Wood, of the Tees Iron Works, Middlesbro'-
on-Tees, in the County of York, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MORTAR, CEMENT, AND CONCRETE FOR BUILDING
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 13th March 1874, and dated the 7th October 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1873.
• I, CHARLES WOOD, of the Tees Iron Works, Middlesbro'-on-Tees, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MORTAR, CEMENT, AND CONCRETE
FOR BUILDING PURPOSES," to be as follows:
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
mortar, and cement, and concrete, and consists firstly in combining slag,
sand, or granulated slag as made by my process patented September 3rd
1872, No. 2618, with iron ore (by preference calcined), and either quick-
lime, or hydraulic lime, or cement. These are ground up very fino.

page_text: all together or separately, either in a wet state (as the granulated slag
comes wet from the machine) or the granulated slag can be dried and
the iron ore and lime or cement also in a dry state ground up separately
or altogether to be wetted only when ready for use.
"I also employ (in lieu of ironstone or iron ore) the refuse from the
pyrites, called spent pyrites, from which sulphurous acid or sulphuric
acid is made, which refuse contains variable per centage of iron and
sulphur for mixing as above stated with granulated slag, or slag, sand,
and lime, or cement for making mortar or cement; each ingredient can
be ground up separately or altogether and mixed in a dry condition or in 1
a moist condition by using the granulated slag or slag sand (in a wet
state) as it comes from the blast furnace.
The proportions I prefer to employ in the manufacture of this class of
mortar or cement are as follows:-One part of common limo or
hydraulic lime or cement, one part of iron ore or spent pyrites or refuse
(as before described), and six parts of granulated slag or slag sand, but
I do not confine myself to these exact proportions.
I also employ iron ore or spent pyrites for mixing with the granulated
slag and lime or cement in the manufacture of concrete bricks, flags, or
flooring from granulated slag or slag sand, that is, having made the a
mortar or cement, as before described, I take about one part of this
cement or mortar, either in a dry or moist state, and mix it up carefully
with one part of the granulated slag or slag sand, either dried, or just as
it comes from my granulating machine; this is put into a brick press,
either the ordinary brick press or an hydraulic press, or they can be
made by hand with or without any pressure; or I can take the lime and
ore, or spent pyrities, and the sand, and grind or mix the whole together
either in a dry or moist state for the manufacture of concrete bricks,
i.c. by this last named process I do not make my cement or mortar first.
I also employ slag made by my Patent slag cooling machine (the
Patent for which is dated September 3rd 1872, No. 2618), or any
similar kind of machine for cooling and disintegrating slag as it flows
from the furnace by mixing the same with my slag cement or slag
mortar, as before described for making into concrete blocks or concrete
walls or flooring.
In making these concrete blocks or concrete walls or flooring I can
leave out the iron ore or spent nvrites using the mortar made from slao.

page_text: sand, or granulated slag, with common lime or hydraulic lime or cement,
as it may best suit the kind of work required.
The use of the iron ore or spent pyrites containing a certain amount
of sulphur mixed with lime or cement acts chemically upon the slag,
sand, or granulated slag, and assists materially in forming a very hard
and durable material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Wood in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
WOOD, of the Tees Iron Works, Middlesbro'-on-Tees, in the County of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-.
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Wood, Her special license
that I, the said Oharles Wood, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles Wood, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
MORTAR, CEMENT, AND CONCRETE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Wood, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the.
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be.
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office.
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Wood, do hereby declare

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say
-:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
mortar, and cement, and concrete, and consists firstly in combining slag,
sand, or granulated slag, as made by my process patented September
3rd, 1872, No. 2618, with iron ore (by preference calcined), and either
quicklime or hydraulic lime, or Portland or other hydraulic cement.
These are ground up very fine altogether or separately, either in a wet
state (as the granulated slag comes wet from the machine), or the
granulated slag can be dried and the iron ore and quicklime or Portland
or other cement also in a dry state ground up separately or altogether to
be wetted only when ready for use.
I also employ in lieu of ironstone or iron ore the refuse from the
pyrites called spent pyrites, from which sulphurous acid or sulphuric acid.
is made, which refuse contains variable per centages of iron and sulphur
for mixing as above stated with granulated slag, or slag (sand, and quick-
lime or Portland or other hydraulic cements for making mortar or
cement; each ingredient can be ground up separately or all together,
and mixed in a dry condition, in which case the slag sand must be first
dried or in a moist condition by using the granulated slag or slag sand
(in a wet state) as it comes from my granulating machine.
The proportions I prefer to employ in the manufacture of this class of
mortar or cement are as follows:-1 part of common lime or hydraulic
lime or Portland or other hydraulic cement; 1. part of iron ore or spent
pyrites or refuse (as before described), and 6 parts to 8 parts of granu-
lated slag or slag sand (as made by my machine), but I do not confine
myself to these exact proportions.
I also employ iron ore or spent pyrites for mixing with the granulated
slag and lime or Portland or other cements in the manufacture of
concrete bricks, flags, or flooring from granulated slag or slag sand, that
is, having made the mortar or cement as before described I take about
one part of this cement or mortar, either in a dry or moist state, and
mix it up carefully with one part of the granulated slag or slag sand,
either dried or just as it comes from my granulating machine; this is put
into a brick press, either the ordinary brick press or an hydraulic press,
or they can be made by hand with or without any pressure; or I can
take the lime and ore or spent pyrites and the sand, and grind or mix

page_text: the whole together either in a dried or moist state for the manufacture
of concrete bricks, i.e., by this last named process I do not make my
cement or mortar first.
I also employ slag made by my Patent slag cooling machine (the
Patent for which is dated September 3rd, 1872, No. 2618) or any similar
kind of machine for cooling and disintegrating slag as it flows from the
furnace by mixing the same with my slag cement or slag mortar, as
before described, for making into concrete blocks or concrete walls or
flooring.
In making these concrete blocks or concrete walls or flooring I can
leave out the iron ore or spent pyrites, using the mortar made from
slag sand, or granulated slag, with common lime or hydraulic lime or
Portland or other cement as it may best suit the kind of work required..
The use of the iron ore or spent pyrites containing a certain amount
of sulphur mixed with lime or cement acts chemically upon the slag,
sand, or granulated slag, and assists materially in forming a very hard
and durable material.
I also claim the manufacture of mortar by mixing common quick-
lime or hydraulic lime with the slag sand, or granulated slag, as made
by my Patent, September 3rd 1872, No. 2618.
I also claim the employment of soda, potash, or other alkaline
substances, or of sulphuric, hydrochloric, or fluric acid, or of the fluate
of lime as found in lead mines in combination with the cements or
mortars before described. These either singly or in combination act as
a hardening material when combined with the cements or mortars.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Wood, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.