matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS AND SUBMERGED STRUCTURES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thompson Blair at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th January 1874.
I, THOMAS THOMPSON BLAIR, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Painter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS AND SUBMERGED
STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide an anti-fouling and protective
composition for ships' bottoms and submerged structures, which can be
prepared in the manufactory ready for application, that is to say, it does.
not require to be heated immediately before being applied. For that
purpose I employ in combination under the first part of my Invention,
(1) any of the gums used in the manufacture of varnish, (2) resin,
(3) spirits of wine or other hydrocarbon, (4) quicksilver, (5) arsenic,
(6) pigment, (7) boiled linseed oil.
From the ingredients named taken in any preferred proportion, I
proceed to make a composition in manner following:-I dissolve gum
shellac, copal, or like gum in spirits of wine or alcoholic spirits, and

page_text: afterwards intermix the said dissolved gum with resin and a hydro-
carbon liquid over a slow fire. I afterwards add quicksilver in any of
its commercial forms, preferring a sulphide or oxide and arsenic, and
thoroughly incorporate the whole by agitation or grinding. To the
plastic mass thus produced I add the pigment and boiled oil, so as to
produce a composition of such consistency that a full coat can be applied
with a soft brush.
Under the second part of my Invention I employ other ingredients in
combination with those above named, viz., (a) lime, (b) magnesia,
(c) clay, and I prepare or incorporate the whole in the novel manner
now to be described:-For the production of one hundred and twelve
pounds of the composition, I dissolve 10 pounds gum shellac, copal, or
other gum, and 22 pounds resin in 20 pounds of spirits of wine or
alcoholic spirits in a vessel over a slow fire. To the dissolved mass I add
4 pounds of boiled linseed oil. By so doing I make a so called varnish
in which to mix my composition. I then take 8 pounds of oxide of
iron, 4 pounds of zinc white, 4 pounds of sulphide of mercury, 4 pounds
of red oxide of mercury, 4 pounds of sulphide of arsenic, 20 pounds of
carbonate of lime, 4 pounds of carbonate of magnesia, and 8 pounds of
Torbay or like clay. These solids I mix with a sufficient quantity of the
varnish so as to produce a stiff pulp, and afterwards grind such pulp to a
smooth consistency, after which I add the remaining part of the varnish
to thin the composition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIME AND CEMENT
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel de la Grange Williams
and Henry Young Darracott Scott at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th February
1874.
We, SAMUEL DE La Grange WILLIAMS, the younger, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Lime Merchant, and HENRY YOUNG
DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of Middlesex, Major-
General, C.B., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIME AND CEMENT," to be as
follows:-
The objects of this Invention are the saving of cost in crecting kilns,
and labor in drawing them.
In carrying out this Invention we take advantage of any sloping bank
or cliff that may be conveniently situated, and we build the kiln with its
dais inclined at an angle of 60°, more or less, the bank or cliff forming
the inner or under wall of the kiln.
The kiln consists of a drving chamber, a calcining chamber, and a

page_text: an actual division or partition between them. At the bottom of the
calcining chamber are arranged on each side of the kilns fire-places
having openings into the calcining chamber, and as the flare from the
fire-places is conducted through this calcining chamber the lime or
cement as it passes down is burned.
Instead of ordinary fires we sometimes arrange coking chambers,
using only the volatile gases of the coal for the flare which is conducted
to the calcining chamber. The coke produced is mixed with the mineral
or other substance to be calcined.
We sometimes make the cooling chamber only on an incline, the
upper part of the kiln being vertical. A chimney stack may be con-
structed at the top and on the inner side of the kiln, through which the
products of combustion may be drawn.
The advantages derived from the inclined axis are saving of expense
in constructing the kiln, and great facilities in drawing it and loading
the boats or wagons which are to convey away the lime or cement. We
are enabled in fact to arrange the eye of the kiln immediately over the
conveyance which is to receive the calcined material.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DEADENING THE SHOCK ARISING FROM COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE PROTECTION OF SHIPS OF WAR, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Allen and Matthew
Fitzpatrick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th May 1874.
We, HENRY ALLEN, of Brunswick Villa, New Thornton Heath, in
the County of Surrey, and MATTHEW FITZPATRICK, of Bloomsbury, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DEADENING THE SHOCK ARISING
FROM COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE
PROTECTION OF SHIPS OF WAR, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
°
1st. By means of wool or other like substance encased in leather or
other suitable material and fixed to chambers supplied with valves for
the egress and ingress of air, which chambers are placed in the front and
rear of locomotives, tenders, trucks, and carriages.
a. The air-tight cushion may be of any convenient shape, but it should
contain about eighty pounds of slightly compressed wool formed into
two mattresses of equal size.

page_text: b. To assist the expansion of the cushion after a collision two or more
springs are to be inserted therein, which acting on the exterior covering
will distend it and draw in air.
c. The chamber should be made of hard wood, and have a cubical
content of about six feet. .
d. The valve or valves fitted to the said chamber should be kept down
by springs, until the air within the chamber has attained a pressure of
about ten pounds to the square inch.
E
e. When a collision takes place the wool cushion is compressed, and
the air contained therein forced through a perforated iron plate into the 1
chamber, from whence it escapes through the egress valves. As there
is no rebounding action in the wool so compressed there will be no
serious shock felt in the case of collision if the train be protected in the
aforesaid manner.
2ndly. By means of wool or other like substance to protect vessels 1
used for warlike purposes.
.
a. We propose to construct upon the sides and decks of war ships any
convenient number of water-tight compartments, having a depth of
about eighteen inches.
b. Into these compartments so constructed mattresses of compressed 2
wool are to be fitted.
c. Sheets of metal may be used as an exterior covering for the sides
of the vessel, and wood for the decks.
d. When a cannon shot strikes a ship so protected. it will, after
passing through the external covering, remain embedded in the wool.
e. The water will flow through the hole made by the ball, but will be
prevented from saturating the wool in the adjoining compartments by
the water-tight divisions.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Halford Coventry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
: 19th December 1874.
I, HENRY HALFORD COVENTRY, of 4, Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, in the City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES," to be as
follows:-
The objects aimed at in the construction of the bell stove are,―
First. To utilize as much as possible of the heat given out by com-
bustion of the fuel consumed, allowing only sufficient to escape up the
flue or chimney to create an upward draft therein.
Second. To conserve heat so that when the fuel with which the stove
may have been supplied is consumed the stove shall continue for a
considerable period to be a source of warmth.
Third. To promote the circulation of air in and ventilation of the
space or room in which the stove is erected.
The bell stove is to consist of a number (five to seven generally) of
cases composed preferably of carthenware or terra cotta or some such

page_text: slowly conducting mass of bell, beehive box or dome form, arranged
with spaces between each case above and around a central furnace or
place for fire, in such a manner that the products of combustion and
heated air must pass over either the inner or outer surface, or both of
them of each successive case or bell from the inner one to the outer one
but one, whence or from the upper or lower part of which they pass into
the flue or chimney. The bell stove is to be provided with means of
closing as completely as possible both the openings, by which air gets
access to the place for fire, and also the flue or flues connecting the
stove with the uptake or chimney.
The basement or lower plate or part of the stove on which the bells or
cases rest may be formed with a number of grooves in which the lower
edges of the bells rest. These grooves may be filled with water, thus
forming a water joint, and giving moisture to the air passing through
the apertures in the outer bell or case immediately, herein-after
described. The outer bell or case of the stove is to be provided with
apertures or openings, many or few of them, and closeable at pleasure,
affording communication between the air of the room or apartment and
the space between the outer case or bell and the next one to it. One or
some of these openings being formed near the lower part, and some near
the upper part of the said bell or case, the air will be caused to circulate,
and in circulating will be warmed in passing through the space between
the outer bell and one next to it.
The bells or cases may be formed with flutings or ridges to increase
the area of radiating surface.
ML. hall stazze in to be booted nanording to size and circumstances hv
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-PRESSURE ENGINES AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY WHEREIN PISTONS OR RAMS ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Perch and Paget
Higgs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th July 1874.
We, WILLIAM PERCH, Coalowner, and PAGET HIGGS, Engineer, both
of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-PRESSURE ENGINES AND
HYDRAULIC MACHINERY WHEREIN PISTONS OR RAMS ARE EMPLOYED," to be as
follows:
-
This Invention has for its object the obtaining of increased power in
water-pressure engines and hydraulic machinery wherein pistons or rams
are essential, and consists in constructing the pistons or rams of such
engines or presses so as to present a maximum surface to the liquid
under pressure. This is accomplished by making the acting surface of
the said pistons or rams in the form of a conc, or of a double or
re-entrant cone, or of a paraboloid, or of such other mathematical solid
as shall give the desired maximum surface.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF QUILTS OR BED COVERINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kippax at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th June
1874.
I, JOHN KIPPAX, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF QUILTS OR BED
COVERINGS," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to such quilts as are woven with figured
coloured patterns, such for example as the articles known as damask or
carpet quilts and Alhambra quilts. Figured and coloured quilts of the
cheaper descriptions have been woven entirely with cotton; and when a
richer appearance has been required it has been necessary to employ
coloured worsted yarns in the production of the pattern.
The object of my said Invention is to produce a quilt rich in
appearance at about the same cost or at a lesser cost than when cotton
alone is employed. To this end I employ yarn formed of jute, and
specially spun and prepared for my purpose. The said yarn is finer
spun and is doubled and twisted and is dyed in brilliant or suitable

page_text: colours, and when so prepared has much the appearance of worsted yarn,
and when employed either as warp or weft in the weaving of the said
quilts, enables me to obtain the same effect as when worsted is employed,
at the same time that the cost of production is considerably less.
The said jute yarn may either be used alone to form the said patterns
or be used in conjunction with worsted or cotton yarn, or with both
worsted and cotton yarns, according to the effect required.
Single spun jute yarns may also be employed for the said purpose,
but they are not so suitable for such purpose as when doubled.
In some cases I impart a finish to the quilts so produced by subjecting i
them to the action of calendering rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OIL CANS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burtinshaw at the Office
.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1874.
I, JOHN BURTINSHAW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OIL CANS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of oil cans, such as arc
used for lubricating machinery, the object of the Invention being to
make the same more durable and less liable to leakage than those
hitherto in use, and thus to effect an economy in the oil cans themselves,
and also to prevent the waste of oil. I make the body of the oil can
somewhat in the ordinary form, that is, cylindrical, with one end conical,
from the apex of which projects the spout. In the side of the conc
there is an opening for filling the can with oil, which is provided with a
screw cap for closing the same when full, the cap being connected to
the spout with a piece of chain to prevent it from being lost or
mislaid when unscrewed. I have also a small air pipe extending inwards
to nearly the under side of the cone for the admission of air into the
interior of the can."

page_text: The bottom of the can I make of cast or wrought iron of a concave or
cup-like form, the outside being cylindrical, and having a projecting rim
or flange at its lower edge. The cylindrical end of the body of the can
is fitted on to the cylindrical part of the cast or wrought-iron bottom,
and securely soldered thereto, the rim projecting and forming a protec-
tion to the edge of the tin.
Oil cans constructed in this manner will be found to be much more
durable than those constructed in the usual way, and will be much less
liable to damage and consequent leaking, and hence a considerable
saving both in cans and oil will be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY- MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Dening at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
April 1874.
I, CHARLES DENING, of Chard, in the County of Somerset, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-
MAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in haymaking machines.
According to my Invention the revolving rake shaft is mounted at
the rear end of a frame extending backwards from the main frame of the
machine, which is carried on two side wheels in the ordinary manner, the
extension frame being supported upon a third central travelling wheel,
from which motion is taken for working the rakes. This central extension
frame is attached adjustably to the rear of the main frame, the abutting
surfaces of the two frames being serrated to admit of the extension
frame being oscillated and secured in different positions in order to
adjust the tines or rakes to work at the desired height from the ground.
The rake shaft is mounted in bearings on the extension frame, and the

page_text: rakes are divided at the middle into two sets so as to work at either side
of the central extension frame.
Motion is imparted to the rake shaft by intermediate gearing from a
ring of teeth on the central travelling wheel, the gearing being so
arranged that the action of the rakes can, by means of a clutch, be 5
reversed or arrested as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONVERTIBLE DESKS AND TABLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Cameron at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1874.
I, PETER CAMERON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CONVERTIBLE DESKS AND TABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of convertible desks and
tables for the use of schools and other purposes, and consists in a certain
novel arrangement of the top of the same, whereby a double sloping
desk can at any time by a single movement of a lever be converted into
a flat-topped table, and vice versâ.
The frame and legs may be made in the ordinary way, and the frame
is made of two long pieces or planks, rather wide than the half width of
the table, their inner edges being made to overlap with a half-and-half
joint, so that when they lie flat on the frame to form a table their edges
meet in a closely fitting joint. These two long pieces or planks are
jointed at or near their outer edges by hinges to the longitudinal edge

page_text: of the frame, and it will be evident that when they are raised in the
centre they will form two sloping desks.
Hinged to the inner edge of the plank which lies underneath the
overlapping edge of the other is a long of such a width that when
raised on edge it will give the required slope to the desks, and this rail 5
is provided with a lever, whereby it may be tilted on edge when required,
and the cross bearers of the frame are so notched out or recessed that
when the rail is folded flat under the plank or top it lies in the recess
and allows the plank or top to lie perfectly flat upon the frame. A
small roller is inserted in the edge of the rail where it rests on the cross 1
bearer to reduce the friction, and a slight recess is made to receive this
roller when the rail is tilted on edge so as to prevent it from slipping
down by accident.
It will of course be evident that if preferred the rail may be hinged
to the cross bearers instead of to the plank or top, in which case the 1
rollers will be at the opposite edge and work against the under side of
the top.
Whe
como Invention is also anulicable to sincla doslo
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR EXPRESSING OILS FROM SEEDS, AND FOR THE FORMATION OF CAKES SUITABLE FOR CATTLE FOOD, MANURE, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hodge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1874.
GEORGE HODGE, of the Firm of Samuel Hodge and Son, of High
Street, Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of York, Seed Orushers and
Oil Refiners, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention for
"IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR EXPRESSING OILS FROM SEEDS, AND
FOR THE FORMATION OF CAKES SUITABLE FOR CATTLE FOOD, MANURE, AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
-
The objects of my Invention are dispensing with the trimming
operation of the cakes after pressing, at the same time using the present
hydraulic presses in their present form, also causing less labour, and
consequently less cost in the working, greater certainty in the proper
quantity of seed required for each cake, and therefore equality in the
weight and sizes of the cakes.
The Invention relates to an improved method of and appliances for
facilitating the expression of oils from seeds; also for compressing seeds
into cakes for cattle food, manure, etc. I employ two corrugated meta]

page_text: plates with raised metal edges, one of which plates is permanently placed
at the top of the press box, and is engraved with the initials of my firm
or any other device, and the other plate surrounded with a mould (which
is movable), which mould has comparatively high sides so as to hold a
given quantity of seed, the latter-named plate being provided with
proper channels to allow for the free discharge of the oil. The mould
has slightly tapered inner faces to allow its free removal from the plate,
and for leaving the charge of seed ready for insertion into the press box.
The plate is first covered with a cloth (hair or other material), the
said cloth being made the exact width of the mould, but long enough to
return and cover the top of the charge. The charge with the plate is
then placed in the press box, the process being repeated with the same
mould until all the boxes in the press are filled, the ram is then lifted,
the required pressure "put on" and sustained for a given time, when it
is "taken off," after which the bottom plate with the cake now formed is
withdrawn, the cloth is then stripped from the cake and replaced in the
mould on the plate for a second operation, the cake being put in a rack
to cool preparatory to storing.
In compressing seed from which no oil is extracted the plates may be
solid, and in some cases the cloth can be dispensed with, but in every
case the plates have raised metal edges, this method of forming the
plates being a speciality in my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mudge Marchant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th September 1874.
I, ROBERT MUDGE MARCHANT, of Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH STEAM AND
OTHER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, PART OF THE INVENTION BEING APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
In a former Invention for " Improved Means for Producing Motive-
power," for which Letters Patent were granted to me, dated the 13th
April 1870, No. 1086, I provided an economical system of pumping any
gas or combination of gases in stages of compression, and described the
manner of working the same, and apparatus used therein.
Now my present Invention consists in the application and adaptation
of the said stage process of pumping to the manufacture of gas from
oil with a limited proportion of water, so that such gas may be used as
fuel in heating the boilers or heaters of steam or other engines, the
means of regulating the fire being thereby much simplified and improved,
and no stoking being required.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention the oil (with the limited proportion of
water) is placed in the several pump chambers, and air is pumped
through it according to the stage process before referred to. The air
becomes during its passage impregnated with vapor from the oil and
from the water mixed therewith, and it leaves the last pump chamber in
the form of an inflammable mixture or air gas, which I conduct through
any suitable channel or channels and regulators to the fire of the boiler
or heater of the engine, where I utilize it as fuel as herein-before
stated.
Further, I make the chimney or chimneys of the boiler or heater of
the steam or other engine deliver the exhausted products of combustion
in their still heated state underneath the fire or flame, so that such
heated products shall be continually circulated through the fire while
the heavy and uninflammable portion of the heated products becomes
separated by virtue of its own gravity, and is delivered into the external
atmosphere, a further supply of fresh air combining with the heated and
inflammable portion of the products with every renewed circulation.
Gas made in the manner herein-before described may be employed for
other heating and lighting purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROLLING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEEL TYRES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1874.
I, JOHN PARKER, of No. 71, Albert Street, Darnall, near Sheffield, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROLLING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER
WHEEL TYRES," to be as follows:-
In rolling the tyres for railway carriage and other wheels it has been
usual for the roll which gives form to the flange or outer diameter of the
tyre to be provided with two fixed collars, one on each side of it, such
collars extending so as to embrace between them the counter or back
roll..
°
According to my Invention, in place of applying both these controlling
collars on one roll, I apply one on each, by which I am enabled to
employ a much smaller back or counter roll, and yet retain the same
facilities for variation in thickness or substance operated upon. By
these means I avoid the necessity for the "cogging down" or "becking"
under the hammer required by the present practice.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE WASTE OF WATER IN CISTERNS, Tanks, and such liKE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Aldous at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August
1874.
I, EDGAR ALDOus, of No. 2, Wellington Villas, Montpelier Road,
Peckham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE
WASTE OF WATER IN CISTERNS, Tanks, and such liKE RECEPTACLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a valve or block and box on the telescopo
principle or action, and which is worked by floatation and is for use in
tanks or cisterns of any size to cut the water off when the cistern or
tank is full, and prevent the waste of water by overflow.
The apparatus is made of brass or gun metal, and constructed with a
box or valve; a solid block which is made to fit the box is for the
At the bottom of this box is a screw
purpose of cutting the water off.
boss or cap, and by removing the boss or cap the block or plug drops
out. The block or plug is attached to a spindle about 7, of an inch long

page_text: with a ball or floating dish directly underneath, and so that when
the water is up to the ball or dish it will float the block or plug above
the inlet and cut the water off, when ½ inch of water is drawn out of
the cistern or tank the block or plug falls and the water is again full
on.
For shallow tanks two small balls can be attached hanging at the
water line on a level with the noose of the inlet in place of the dish.
A NEW AND IMPROVED COMPRESSED AIR CAVITY CAPS AND PADS, AND PADS FOR AFFORDING EASE AND SAFETY IN TRAVELLING, IN MINING, AND IN OTHER CASES, ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING AND RETAINING AIR IN THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Reade and Frederick
Hurd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th August 1874.
We, JOSEPH READE, of The Grove, Southport, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, and FREDERICK HURD, of Grove House, Walton,
near Wakefield, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED COMPRESSED AIR
CAVITY CAPS AND PADS, AND PADS FOR AFFORDING EASE AND SAFETY IN TRAVELLING,
IN MINING, AND IN OTHER CASES, ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING AND RETAINING
AIR IN THE SAME," to be as follows:-
-
The nature of our Invention consists in the use of compressed air
cavity caps for affording casc and safety to the head in travelling or
otherwise; also for miners' caps, miners' knee caps or pads, shoulder
and hip bearing pads to be used while in the act of undercutting
coal or other mineral, shoulder and head pads for carrying or pushing
weights, head pads for preventing injury to children in case of a fall
when learning to walk, and to prevent lunatics and others from injuring
themselves. These caps and pads are provided with an air-tight cavity

page_text: made of india-rubber or other suitable material, and they are provided
with an inlet and back pressure valve combined, constructed in such
a manner that the cavity can be charged with air by the mouth of a
person, or by a portable or fixed air pump. The portable air pump
consists of a hollow plunger fitting in a cylinder which has side apertures
for the admission of air, and the back-pressure valve consists of a per-
forated metal ring with internal flange lined with india-rubber. When
air is being forced into the cavity the india-rubber yields to allow it to
pass, and at the return stroke of the plunger the india-rubber closes the
perforations to prevent the escape of the compressed air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS SO AS TO ADAPT THEM FOR DOMESTIC USES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Cowlin Barker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1874.
I, FRANK COWLIN BARKER, of Surbiton, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS SO AS TO ADAPT THEM FOR DOMESTIC USES," to be as
follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in all kinds of books,
magazines, and pamphlets, whereby the leaves may be rendered more
readily adapted to the various purposes for which the papers now sold
under the denomination of curl papers are applied.
According to my Invention the books, magazines, or pamphlets are
printed on a soft kind of paper on one or both sides, but preferably
on one side only. After printing, and before being bound into the
book form, the leaves are perforated or partially severed along a line
near the back of the book so as to facilitate their detachment for
use.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR STAFF TO BE USED FOR GAUGING OR INDICATING THE IRREGULARITIES on the SURFACES OF MILLSTONES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alderman Partridge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
July 1874.
I, ALDERMAN PARTRIDGE, of Lexden, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
OR STAFF TO BE USED FOR GAUGING OR INDICATING THE IRREGULARITIES on the
SURFACES OF MILLSTONES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved staff or instrument for trying
millstones. The instrument consists of a bar or staff, preferably curved
and provided with projecting blocks on the under side at suitable
distances apart. The rearmost block is of greater length than the
others, and the face by which it rests on the millstone is made preferably
true. This block is fixed to the said bar or staff. The other blocks, of
which there are preferably two, are also accurately faced and are attached
to the bar or staff by adjusting screws, so that their faces may be brought
more or less near to the plane of the face of the other or fixed block.
In practice they would be so adjusted that the face of the second block
would be almost in the same plane with the fixed block, whilst the first
block would be rather more distant from that plane than the second

page_text: block. Thus a coating of coloring material having been applied to the
faces of the 1st and 2nd blocks when the instrument is applied to a
millstone, the smaller prominences or irregularities will be passed over
untouched by the first block and marked slightly by the second block
only, but the higher prominences will be marked by both blocks a
and therefore more strongly; this difference in the marks serving to guide
the operator in removing the said prominences with the mill bill or
otherwise.
The adjustable blocks are provided with elastic or spring cushions to
enable them to yield in passing over the prominences on the surface of
the stone, and the instrument is further provided with adjustable arms
or guides terminating in rollers so disposed as to roll against the
periphery of the stone to guide the instrument in a circular direction
over the surface of the stone at any desired distance from the
circumference.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Terrell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th August 1874.
I, THOMAS TERRELL, of Penarth, in the County of Glamorgan, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CASTORS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in constructing the castor of a large ball or
sphere inclosed in a socket with smaller balls set loose between the large
ball and the socket; one of the main objects of the Invention being to
reduce the friction as much as possible.
The large ball is made of any suitable hard and durable material, but
preferably of lead or brass; lead being used in cases where brass is the
material of which the smaller balls are made.
The small balls are made of either lead, brass, steel, or other suitable
hard material, such metals or substances being used as are known to
cause but little friction with the metals of which the large ball and
socket are composed. Large shot are found to answer well when the
large ball is made of brass or iron.

page_text: The socket may be made of any suitable material, but preferably of
brass.
The castor is applied to the furniture by means of a screw or screws
as ordinarily.
The advantages obtained by constructing the castor thus are that there 5
is reduced friction and consequently greater case in moving, and a
reduced liability to get out of order, and also a lessening of the cost.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1874.
I, JOHN KNOWLES, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows :-
My Invention is applicable to drawing frames, slubbing frames, and
other machines of the like nature for preparing cotton and other fibrous
substances, and it consists in certain improved machinery or apparatus
for collecting the dust and fluke that accumulate on the top rollers of
the drawing rollers.
In performing my Invention I make use of endless bands of flannel
or other material that pass over a roller and over a rail of wood or other
material in a swivel frame. This rail is placed over the top roller of the
front drawing roller, and above it is a vibrating comb by which the dust
and fluke that accumulate on the endless bands are collected in the form
of a fleece which is removed at intervals. The endless band is turned

page_text: slowly round, and the comb is caused to vibrate by means of an eccentric
which acts on a lever projecting from the axle of the comb, and to this
lever is jointed a catch taking into a ratchet wheel, on the axle of which
is a worm gearing into a wheel on the axle of the roller over which the
endless band passes. The comb works clear of the endless band, and
consequently does not injure the flannel or other material of which
it is composed, and the endless band is deflected in one or more places
to bear upon the top rollers by cross rails in the swivel frame above
referred to.
The details of construction and the mode of driving the combs and
endless bands may be modified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Entwistle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1874.
I, EBENEZER ENTWISTLE, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in automatic railway
signals, and the mechanical appliances for the working of my Invention
consists of wire, chains, levers, pulleys, catches, ratchets, tooth pinion,
or tooth and pinion wheels or their mechanical equivalents.
In order to carry out my Invention I proceed as follows:-I place.
alongside the ordinary rail a movable bow or inclined rail of any length
required, which is depressed by the flange of the wheels of any part of a
train, &c., and resting on two or more sectional flanged pulleys working
eccentrically; the said pulleys are also depressed, and the said flanged
pulleys being secured to a shaft which works in pedestal brackets
secured to the sleeper or any other convenient part of the line; near the
other end of the said shaft is secured a counterpoise lever or levers with
weight or weights which raises the inclined or bow rail. On the same

page_text: .
shaft I place a loose pulley, or lever, or lever and pulley to which is
attached wire, chain, and weights, or equivalents; the said wire, chain, or
equivalents passes through a block pulley or pulleys and passes round
another loose pulley, and to the end of the said chain, &c., is attached a
weight for the meeting the expansion and contraction of the wire. To
the last loose pulley is secured by the best mechanical means possible a
ratchet and tooth wheel; between the said loose pulleys I place a rack
and catch to work with the rack and tooth wheel, and through a suitable
catch that holds the counterpoised lever, when raised by the depressing
of the bow or inclined rail, the said counterpoise lever or equivalent being
raised allows the weight hanging on the first-named loose pulley to work
and thereby draw down the block pulley or pulleys and work the
wire which is attached to the block, and supported at any convenient
distance alongside the line by any ordinary means; the said sectional
flanged pulleys are all acted upon at one time by being connected to
levers, cranks, or equivalents, secured to the shafts.
I also place a bow or inclined lever in the centre of the four foot or
any convenient part of the line; to be called the sound signal, to be moved
to any position required by being connected to the connecting bar,
crank, or shaft by any ordinary mechanical connection.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CHIMNEY TOPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Brierley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1874.
I, JOSEPH BRIERLEY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN CHIMNEY TOPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is, by the application and use of a simple
and inexpensive appliance to chimney tops, to prevent down drafts.
I employ an outer & perforated casing or a network, by preference of
wire, forming a continuation or extention of the chimney top or pot
or other termination, and in some cases the said casing of wire may be
somewhat enlarged at its lower part and immediately above the chimney
top. The form of the perforated casing or network of wire may be
cylindrical, square, dome shaped, or of other forms. The wire breaks up
and divides the currents of wind, so as to prevent the direct action and
tendancy of the wind to suppress or suspend the draft of the chimney.
It is well known that the wind impringing on and around the upper
edge of the chimney or chimney pot is the main cause of down drafts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR VESSELS FOR SUPPLYING FOOD TO INFANTS OR INVALIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Milton Stuart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1874.
.I, MILTON STUART, of Alumina House, Waterloo, near Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR VESSELS FOR SUPPLYING FOOD TO
INFANTS OR INVALIDS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to afford increased facility for securing
that the food for supplying nourishment to infants or invalids may be of
the desired temperature.
In the case of infants it is in most cases desirable that such food
should be taken at about the temperature of the mother's system. There
is however very great danger from accident of giving such food either
too cold, or of scalding the child by giving it too hot. In the case of
other invalids the degree of heat to the food most beneficial to the
patient will vary in different cases, but it is a matter which often occupies
the attention of the medical attendant without his being able to give the
directions he desires with reasonable hope of their being followed.

page_text: According to my Invention I form the bottle or vessel with a recess
or channel in it extending to or near to the bottom thereof, and in this
recess or channel I apply a thermometer, which I secure in position by
cement used in connecting the parts of glass or earthenware together or
otherwise, so that the rise or fall of the indicating medium may be readily
visible, and yet so that it may not be so much exposed as to be readily
broken or injured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MEANS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL IN OPEN FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1874.
I, THOMAS LANE, of Grove Park, Chiswick, in the County of Middle-
sex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MEANS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL IN OPEN
FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction of open fire-places, and has
for its object the more perfect combustion of the fuel and the prevention
of the great waste of heat which in ordinary fire-places passes up the
chimney.
In carrying out my Invention I build the lining of the fire-place up
from the grate bars; and on the top of the said lining at a suitable height.
from the grate bars I place a horizontal cover of fire-brick, or of any
other suitable material, leaving an opening in front of the cover into the
chimney, where a strong draught is created. By this means the fire is
supplied with a moderate and suitable draught, and the smoke, together
with the products rising slowly from the grate are checked by the cover,

page_text: and exposed to the action of the fire below before being drawn off by the
strong draught entering the opening into the chimney, whereby a
superior combustion of the fuel is secured, and the whole or nearly the
whole of the heat which would ordinarily pass up the chimney
(estimated at 66 per cent.) is reflected downwards and passes into
the apartment.
The cover is made easily removable for cleaning purposes. When so
removed the opening for access into the chimney is much larger than is
practicable in modern fire-places of the ordinary construction.
The size of the opening into the chimney in front of the cover is
regulated by making the said cover adjustable, and the amount of cold
air drawn through the apartment may be reduced to a minimum, and in
most cases the chimney draught will be so much improved that a plain
grating may be inserted in the chimney near to the ceiling (in order to
extract the foul air from the upper part of the apartment), without risk
of smoke entering the apartment through the said grating.
AN IMPROVED BLIND PULLEY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Morton Festing at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th June 1874.
I, AUGUSTUS MORTON FESTING, of Plymouth, in the County of
Devon, F.M.S. & A.I.A., Paymaster, H.M. Control Staff, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BLIND PULLEY,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved and self-adjusting blind pulley
for window or other similar blinds.
I construct the blind pulley by fitting loosely upon a square or other
suitably shaped rod or bar held by and between two brackets two
enveloping collars or sockets, the lower one of which carries a single
pulley, and may be adjusted and held at any position upon the said rod
by means of a thumbscrew, which acts also as a pivot to the said pulley,
and the upper one of which carries a double pulley and is left free upon
the said rod, the said double pulley being carried by a pivot screwed
into its collar and provided with a button or equivalent projection by
which it can be moved. An india-rubber ring encircles the inner groove

page_text: of the double pulley and also the single pulley, and the blind cord passes
round the outer groove of the double pulley and upwards to the blind
roller as usual. As the said single pulley and its collar are adjusted and
held in any position required by the said thumbscrew, and the india-
rubber ring has a constant tendency to draw the said double pulley and
its collar down to the said single pulley, it will be seen that the blind
cord is necessarily kept at an equal and proper tension at all times.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Granville Hamilton Forbes, Clerk in Holy Orders,
Rector of Broughton, in the County of Northampton, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS."
Sealed the 4th September 1874, and dated the 7th July 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Granville Hamilton
1
Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th July 1874.
I, GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, Clerk in Holy Orders, Rector of
Broughton, in the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS,”
to be as follows :-
new
My said Invention relates to a or improved method of
manufacturing cements by intimately combining coke or coke breeze
or an equivalent of the same with the cement making materials before

page_text: the calcination of the same, whereby (together with other advantages)
the process of calcination is rendered more certain and expeditious.
In carrying my said Invention into practice I proceed in the manner
usually employed in the manufacture of Portland cement, that is to say,
I grind chalk and clay together in a mortar mill, with sufficient water to
mix the materials thoroughly, I then add the coke or coke breeze, or
the equivalent of the same in powder and grind the whole together
until the compound is throughly mixed. By this means a portion of the
superfluous water is absorbed and the compound is dried more casily
than is the case in the usual process. Instead of a mortar mill any
convenient machine may be employed.
The clay employed in this process is that which is suitable for the
manufacture of Portland cement, that is to say, which contains from
about 60 to about 68 per cent. of silica, and from about ten to about 12
per cent. of alumina, with not more than 14 per cent. of iron oxide.
My Invention may be advantageously applied to the manufacture of
all cements which are produced by burning a compound of chalk or
carbonate of lime (or any compound of lime and sulphur) and clay.
I make an improved cement by intimately mixing coke or coke
breeze or an equivalent of the same and chalk or limestone, or any
combination of the two, with clay, with or without tar or pitch, or
similar bituminous substance. The compound is burnt and is after-
wards reduced to a fine powder, it is then ready for use. When used it
is mixed with water.
In making the above improved cement, I do not confine myself to the
use of the clay above specified. I may use a clay which contains a
smaller proportion of silica than that above stated.
I use the above specified ingredients in such proportion as shall give
in the calcined compound about the same proportion of silica and alumina
as are requisite in Portland cement, but I do not tie myself to use
exactly the same proportion in every case.