A MACHINE, NEW PRINCIPLE, OR METHOD OF MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, AND ALSO BY LEANS THEREOF, AND OF CLAY, LOOM, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS TO THOSE COMMONLY USED IN POTTERIES, TO MAKE ALL SORTS OF MOULDINGS, BEADS, TUDES, GUTTERS, CHANNELS OR CYLINDERS TO CONVEY WATER, SMOAK, STEAM, OR ANY FLUID OR SOFT SUBSTANCE
Year: 1810

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHANN
GEORGE DEYERLEIN, late of Long Acre, in the Parish of Saint Martin's in the
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, but now of Cockspur Street, in the same
Parish, Tool Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of March last, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, did give and grant unto me, the said Johann George Deyerlein,
His special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Johann George Deyerlein, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, and every of them,
by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or
agents, or such others as I, the said Johann George Deyerlein, my exors,
adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A MACHINE, NEW
PRINCIPLE, OR METHOD OF MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, AND ALSO BY LEANS THEREOF,
AND OF CLAY, LOOM, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS TO THOSE COMMONLY USED IN POTTERIES,
TO MAKE ALL SORTS OF MOULDINGS, BEADS, TUDES, GUTTERS, CHANNELS, OR CYLINDERS
TO CONVEY WATER, SMOAK, STEAM, OR ANY FLUID OR SOFT SUBSTANCE;" in which

page_text: said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Johann
George Deyerlein, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Johann George Deyerlein, do hereby declare that the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained as follows, that is to say:-
That the said machine, and the new principle or method which is mani-
fested in the use and application thereof, are shewn in the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and in the explanations of the same herein contained; and the same
doth consist in a box or receptacle into which the cay is to be put, and also a
plug or plunger or forcing instrument, by means of which the said clay is
forced onwards during working, so as to urge the same through one or more
suitable openings or orifices, which give the figure or form, and also certain
mill work or other well-known mechanism for giving motion and effect to the
said plug or plunger or forcing instrument, and also a fit carriage for re-
ceiving and conveying away the bricks and other products of the art, and, if
need be, another carriage for supporting and conveying the combined or
united parts herein-before mentioned during the time of working or from
place to place. And I do further declare that all the said parts are capable of
being varied as to their structure, form, dimensions, and putting together,
and that the local situation, with the nature of the first mover or power to
be applied, will indicate some of the said variations; but that all the said
variations are such as are obviously deducible by a competent mechanical
workman from the said Drawings and explanations hereunto and hereon
annexed and contained. And I do promise that the same letters of reference
do indicate the same thing in each of the several Drawings or Figures.
Fig. 1 is a side view of the machine supported on its carriage.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the carriage without the machinery, the one box
open and the other shut.
Fig. 3, a bird's eye view of the same.
Fig. 4, a front view, with the carriage and machinery.
A, Fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4, is the carriage upon which the machine stands, and
is supported during work or conveyed from place to place. B & B b are two
cast iron or wood boxes, with a lid to open and shut like a common trunk.

page_text: C, the muzzle or front of the above boxes, which is screwed to the box by a
flanch, and having suitable openings or orifices therein. D, the frame which
supports the machinery. E, Fig. 4, a horizontal spindle, on which a fly with
an endless screw is fixed. F, Fig. 1 and 4, a vertical spindle, on the top of
which is fixed a bevel cogg wheel to receive the endless screw on the horizontal
spindle (E); and to the bottom of this spindle is fixed part of a cogg wheel
which falls into the rack work which is seen in Figure (5). G, a bolt or lever
on the lid of the boxes (B & B 6), in order to open and shut the same.
Fig. 5: H, H, H, H, a piston or plunger with the rack work, the ends of
which fits nearly into the boxes (B & B b). I, part of a cogg wheel which
communicates with the rack work on the piston (H), and with every revo-
lution of the spindle (F) moves the piston (II) backwards and forwards. In
this construction the pistons alternately work, but the machine may be made
with only one box with one piston to work therein.
Fig. 6, a frame such as is used with a common bow saw, in which is fixed a
thin piece of plate steel or small pieces of wire or catgutts. I call this tool
or instrument a separator.
Fig. 7, a side view of a wheel barrow, which receives the barrs of clay when
pressed through the muzzles or front pieces (c) in Fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Fig. 8, a bird's eye view of the above wheel barrow.
L, Fig. 7, two iron or wood railings, one on each side of the wheel barrow,
to support the rollers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, of which only part is seen in the
Drawings, and over which rollers the bandages 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, as
seen in Figure (8), are wound in order to receive the bars of clay when
pressed through the holes in the front piece (c). The frame (L) must also
be made at right angles to the bandages at the end (a). The black line
at (6) is a saw-cut in each rail, the same at (c, d, & e). This saw-cut must
also be perfectly at right angles to the above bandage. f,f, Fig. 7 and 8,
are hooks on each side of the barrow; and (g, g,) Fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4, are pins
on each side of the box muzzle or mouth piece, in order to connect the wheel
barrow to the other machinery.
I now proceed to describe the process of brick making with the above
machinery. The loom or clay, if the quality suits, may be taken immediately
from the earth, and, if mixed or tempered, should not be made so wet as in
the usual manner; and it is necessary to have two or more wheel barrows
similar to the one described in Fig. 7 and 8. And a barrow being hooked to
each end of the machine by the pins (g) on the muzzle or mouth piece, the
machine is ready for its operation. I will now suppose the greater part of the

page_text: piston and rack work H, Fig. (5), to be contained in the box on the left
hand (B6), which then of course must be empty or contain no clay, and that
box (B) on the right hand is filled with loom or clay. Now the machinery is
set to work, and the piston (H) is drawn out of the empty box (B6) into the
opposite box (B), the contents of which is by this means pressed through the
seven orifices of the mouth piece (c), and received by the bandage on the
wheel barrow, Fig. 7 and 8. Whilst this operation in the right-hand box (B)
is going on, the left-hand box (B 6) is filled by an attendant as the piston
makes room for it. Now when the piston arrives a little beyond the hinge of
the cover of the right-hand box (B), this box may be opened, and the left-
hand box (B6) being by that time filled, must be shut, and nearly at the
same time the motion of the machine will be changed, as is seen by the
segment of the wheel (I) in Fig. (5), and the same operation will commence
in the opposite box (B 6). In this state it is evident that the greater part of
the matter which was contained in the box (B) will be now pressed through
the seven or more or fewer oblong holes in the muzzles or mouth pieces (c),
and will lay in the form of a flat bar on the bandage of the barrow, Fig. (7);
and then the person who attends that side of the machine must take the
separator, Fig. (6), and carefully cut down the right-angled edge or leading
slit at (a), which will separate the bars on the barrow from the machine, and
then make an incision, and cut down at (b, c, d), and at (e) the superfluous
matter must be cut off. From the above description it is evident that the seven
bars which were pressed through the mouth pieces (c), and laid on the
separate bandages on the barrow, Fig. (7 and 8) will have been cut into four
pieces each (or any other number, according to the dimensions), and will have
by this means obtained the breadth, thickness, and length of the brick, so that
by every home and out stroke of this machine fifty-six bricks will be finished;
or, if the power of the first mover is increased, either by additional men or
otherwise, the barrow may be made as long again, and the machine be
increased to double the size, by which means about four times the number of
bricks above mentioned will be produced in about the same time, and so in
proportion to the first mover the product of the machine will be more or
less.
The making of tiles is effected by unscrewing the mouth piece (c) from tho
boxes (B6 and B), and fixing to it such a one as is represented by a front
view in Fig. (9), in which (h) is a slide that lifts up and down by the lever (i).
Now if the lever (i) be pushed down by the band, or a communication be
made with the machinery, the slide (h) will be pressed home to its shoulders

page_text: at (k), and a flat hole will be formed through which may be made flatt tiles,
such as are used for flooring; but to make tiles for covering, houses the
lever (i) must be lifted up, and pushed down again whenever it is required to
make that projection which holds the tiles on the lathing, and this may be
done by a communication with the first mover or by an attendant.
.1
Fig. 10 is a front view of the muzzle or mouth piece to be also screwed on
the above boxes (B6 and B), for making mouldings to ornament buildings
and channels to convey water; and it is plain that whatever shape the hole is
made into, the same form will be obtained by the clay pressed through it,
which is received on bandages over rollers to the length required, and then cut
off even at each end by the separator, as described in brick making. ::
Tubes and pipes are made in round or square boxes or receptacles of wood
or cast iron. The piston should nearly fit tight, and be supported or side
steadied when lifted above the round or square box or receptacle in order that
the same may be filled as seen in Fig. (11), which is a view of a cast iron
receptacle of cylindrical form, with its mouth piece complete, and Fig. 12 is a
section of the same.
A...
Fig. 13 is a bird's eye view of the mouth piece when screwed off the
cylinder at Fig. 11 and 12, as seen with the flanch and core.
Fig. 14, verticle section of the core through the axis.
Fig. 15, a section of the outside of the mouth piece (n, n, n, n), Fig. (13),
and n, n, Fig. 14, are arms, with a ring on the outside, which support the
core (r), and fitted into the cavity at (0), Fig. (15). Now, the mouth pieces
being screwed to the cylinder or receptacle at (m), as seen Fig. (11 and 12),
and the cylinder filled with clay, the piston must be pressed into the cylinder,
and the clay will of course be pressed and made to pass by the arms
(n, n, n, n), Fig. (18), into the conical cavity which is seen at (P), Fig. (12),
and will be made to close again by the surrounding pressure before it arrives
at (S), which is the point where the tube will be completely formed.
(u, u), Fig. (12), are two small inverted valves, with hooks on their faces,
which will stick fast in the clay, and will be shut when the piston advances
or descends, but will naturally open the moment the piston is pulled up or
back again, by which means the air will be allowed to rush into the cylinder,
and will prevent the piston from being pulled up against the weight of the
atmosphere.
Fig. (16) is the bottom view, description, or kind of mouth piece which
renders the outside of the tube an ornament, and the inside a plain hole. This
tube, by having a flanch or side face, is very easily fixed on a wall, in order to

page_text: convey the water from the roofs of houses. This instance will be sufficient to
shew that tubes of all descriptions, whatever may be their outside or inside
shape, may be readily made in the above-described way.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seven-
teenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and ten.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1810, the aforesaid Johann George Deyerlein came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and ten.