CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR PREPARING AND FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1815

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WOOD, of Manchester, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Clock Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom,
bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of February, in the fifty-
fifth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said John Wood,
my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privi-
lege and authority, that I, the said John Wood, my exors, admors, and
assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
USED FOR PREPARING AND FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, AND VARIOUS
OTHER ARTICLES;" in which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said John Wood, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, and cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same
(relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Wood, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention is
* described and ascertained in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof, viz*:-
Figures A and B represent a front and back view of a machine for roving
cotton, &c. Nos. (1, 1) are two top rollers; (2, 2) two bottom or fluted
rollers, the front one 14 inch in diameter; (3) an iron shaft and pulley, that
communicate motion to the machine by two bevil wheels; (4) a perpendi-
cular iron shaft, which supports an expanding, pulley (5), which, by means of
a leather strap or belt (6), moves another pulley (7), giving motion to the
bobbins by a chain of strong iron wire (8) acting on a series of pinions (a, a),
one of which is adapted to each bobbin, kept in rotation by the carriers (9),
and held in gear by ribs or runners; (10) a chain similar to (8) put in
motion by a wheel fixed at the foot of shaft (4), and giving motion to the
spindles by a series of pinions, one fixed to each spindle, kept in gear and
rotation as above. The pinions (a, a) have the sides of wood and teeth of
leather, or are wholly of cast iron. On the shaft (16) is a socket, through
which the shaft has liberty to move backwards and forwards, bearing two
pinions (17), working by a crank lever (18) alternately into wheel (19). To
this wheel is fixed a shaft, with a worm acting into the wheel (20) in the
shaft (11).
On this shaft are fixed two spur wheels, working into two
racks (12), the lower ends of which slide into the step rail, and the upper ends
are attached to the copping rail (13)-the size of the spur wheels being
accommodated to the length of the barrel of the bobbin. (21) is a support for
the end of shaft (16), and supports also the latch, on which the end of the
crank lever rests. The latch (22) moves backwards and forwards on the
support, and is discharged by a pin upon the rack (12), which at the same time
presses on the spring fast to the crank lever (18), and causes one pinion (17)
to put in motion the wheel (19). The lever (18) then lies on the opposite
side of the latch (22), the copping rail (13) returning to the top. Another
pin or rack (12), as before, presses on the opposite side of the spring, and the
crank lever being liberated by the pin working on the latch, moves the other
pinion (17) to the face wheel (19). The surface of pulley (14) near the
'bottom of shaft (4) gives motion to a wheel (15) turning the shaft (16); the
lever (28) directs the traverse of the wheel (15) on the surface of the
pulley (14). The lever (28) has two notches, one, near the middle, attached
to the shaft (16) by a notch, the other, at one end, fastened to the frame by a
screw or pin through the notch; and is governed when in motion by a pin fixed

page_text: in the lever acting in the inclined notch (29). An alternate motion is thus
communicated to the copping rail, and the speed proportioned to the pro-
gressive increase of layers on the cylindric part of the bobbin, by producing the
same worming pitch on the last as on the first coil or layer. (23) is termed a
sliding bearer, moving upon the shaft (4) attached to the racks (26), on the
center of which rests a moveable boss sliding up and down the shaft with the
bearer, on which boss rest the lower part of the inclined planes (24).
(25) is an iron shaft bearing four wheels, two of them working into and
raising the racks (26), which elevate the sliding bearer, and of course the
inclined planes also, and these cause the expansion of pulley (5); thirdly, one
wheel near the center of the shaft working into the rack (27) fastened to the
lever (28); and, fourthly, a spiral wheel herein-after described. (30) is an
iron shaft, bearing two wheels,-first, a ratch wheel (34), moved by the
weight (32) acting on a pulley on shaft (25), into which fall two clacks (31);
and, secondly, a spiral wheel (33) working into the spiral on shaft (25) above
mentioned, to accomodate the successive layers with a due portioned
increase of speed on the bobbin, which is communicated by the expanding
pulley (5). (7) is a pulley expanding or contracting at will, and to alter the
counts or fineness of the roving, differing from pulley (5) in the segments
being expanded or contracted by: a worm in the inside of the top plate, as
in (c). The top plate is held in the situation in which it is placed by a spring,
as in (d), acting into teeth on the back of the top plate, so that to expand or
contract it, the top plate is moved round so much as to give the desired
expantion to the segments lifting the spring 'till arrived at the desired
situation. (b) is a flat view of the expanding pulley (5), being a circle
divided into six equal parts, the segments having ribs or pins on each side,
sliding in groves in the top and bottom plates, expanded by the inclined planes
acting in the same grooves. (e) is one of the inclined planes; (f) one of
the segments of the expanding pulleys; (9) one of the improved flyers. The
improvement consists in laying the drag or friction of coiling on the extremity
of the flyer, and is effected by two holes, one about three inches from the end,
and the other at the extremity of the tube side of the flyer, or, as in Figure (h),
by having the lower part of the tube a little bent, or in any other way laying
the drag or friction on the latter stage of the twist of the roving. This
machine supplies the place of a stretching frame, or, in other words, forms a
roving perfectly prepared for the creel of the spinner by the following alternato
motion: The support (21) is in this case made to slide with the shaft (16),
and also to carry with it the latch (22), by means of which traverse the lever.

page_text: (18) is discharged at shorter intervals each return of the copping rail, and
produces a regular nose or bevil at each end of the roving, which is wound on
a tin tube ready for the spinner.
Figure C represents a machine for grinding or sharpening top cards.
No. (1) is a frame of cast iron; (2) a perpindicular iron shaft, supporting
the horizontal table (3), which is circular, made of wood, and covered with
emery. It is a little bevil on the surface, to prevent one part of the circle
from injuring the teeth already ground by the other. (4) is a frame of iron
holding the top card while ground, resting upon four tempering screws, so as
to be about one quarter of an inch from the stationary plane (13), which is a
little inclined from the table to give freedom for changing the cards. (10) a
slide, held fast by a ruck and clack, to accomodate the top cards in length.
(11) a slide worked by screw (12). The teeth of the top card, when put
into the frame, rest upon the stationary plane (18), and the card is held fast
by the screw (12) pressing the slide (11). (14) a moveable step, in which
shaft (2) runs, by the screw of which the table is elevated or depressed, as
required. (15) a rest to support the frame during the traverse motion in
grinding. (16) the driving pulley. (9) a rack, proportioned to the length
of the top card, toothed all round, and placed horizontally, round which
works the pinion (8), fastened to the top of the shaft (17), producing the
traverse motion of the frame (4) over the table (3). The wheel (18) upon
shaft (2) communicates motion to frame (4) by the wheel (5, 6, and 7).
Figure D represents the working parts of a machine or power for pressing
the hanks of yarn into bundles. No. (1) is a lever of iron acting upon its
bearer (2), and supporting the block (6); (3) a quarter circle moving upon
the center (4), worked by the pinion 5 fixed to the shaft of the winch. The
Drawing represents the block (6) wound up to the top, the quarter circle (3)
returning back to point (7) near the center of the lever (1), the lever returning
near to the center of the quadrant when the operation of pressing begins. The
speed thus occasioned is as eight to one, with a regular increase of
the last working tooth on the quadrant (3).
power to
Figure E represents a new drawing-out for spinning machines, called
mules. No. (1) a worm shaft, graduated in the pitch from the first to the
last worm of the first drawing, giving a draught suitable to the delivery of the
front rollers, and to the draught a proportionate twist in coming out; (2) a
worm for the second drawing, moveable on the shaft (1) to accommodate
the different lengths in stretching the yarn. On the back of the spur
wheel (4) is a worm, as represented in Figure (3), to be used as a twist wheel

page_text: and to alter the number of turns. The end of the latch (5), being discharged
into any part of the worm, traverses to the outward edge thereof, and passing
the edge gives liberty to the weight to bring the strap to the loose pulley; the
nearer the center the latch enters the worm, the more turns are caused. The
spur wheel (4) working into a wheel at the end of the worm shaft, communi-
cates motion to the bevil wheel (6), which, when in gear, works into the bevil
wheel on the front rollers, giving motion to them as well as the carriage.
The bevil wheel (7) works into the bevil wheel on the rim shaft; the end (8) is
fastened to the perpendicular shaft that supports the strap lever; the end of
the latch (5) acts in a notch through its support (9), with holes across the
notch for a moveable pin, to determine the position of latch (5) as to
the part of the worm it is to enter. (10) is a latch fixed to the carriage,
acting on a pivot met by the worm on shaft (1), when the carriage comes into
gear, and continuing along the worm through the first and second drawing.
The wheel (6) is heavier on one side of the center than on the other, which
causes the worm shaft (1) always to rest in the same place when out of gear.
The worm shaft (1) is worked in and out of gear in the same manner as the
first and second drawing, in the common way.
Figure F represents another drawing-out, which may be substituted for
Figure E. No. (1) is a bevil pinion working into a graduated rack (2)
which is fast to the frame side, or most convenient place. The drawing-
out pinion (1) is fast to wheel (3), upon the same socket, wheel (3) works
into pinion (4), pinion (5) works wheel (6) fast upon its axle, which works
through the socket supporting the second drawing pinion (7), which works
into rack (8) at the end of rack (2). The wheel and pinions fixed on the
carriage driven from the rim shaft rapidly by a band working on pulley (9).
Figure G represents a movement which may be used as a substitute for the
expanding pulley (5), in Figure A, and placed in the same situation, by which
the speed necessary for the increase of the coils or layers is distinguished from
the speed of the bobbins. (1) represents a pinion loose upon the shaft (4),
Figure A, which conveys motion to the bobbins by the turning of shaft (4)
and by working the chain (8), Figure A, pinion (1) is sufficiently thick to
stand so much above the surface of wheels (2 & 3) as to admit of the
chain (8), Figure A, to pass round it free of them. Pinion (2), attached to
shaft (4), Figure A, by a stud, acts into pinion (1), and into the inside of (3),
which is a circle of a wheel, toothed inside and out, working in a groove
by the wheel (4). (5) is a spiral worm wheel, and may be worked by a wheel
into the worm from any regular part of the machine. The decreasing motion
of the copping rail is given from the worm wheel (5), the bobbins revolving

page_text: quicker than the flyer in winding on; and as the surface of the coiling
substance increases a decrease of speed in the bobbin is procured, suited
to the delivery of the front rollers. The increase or decrease of speed may
be varied by a stud wheel and pinion connected with the circle (3) and
wheel (4).
Note to Figures A and B.-The size of the barrel of the bobbin is propor-
tioned to the delivery of the front rollers, making the same revolutions in a
giving time for winding on the first layer, to ascertain which a pin is fixed on
the end of the front roller to strike against a spring fixed to the beam; another
spring, fast to one of the pinions (a) which drive the bobbins, being struck by
the wing of the flyer as it passes by, prove the exactness of the revolutions
by the coincedence of the strokes on the two springs, which exactness is given
by the expanding or contracting pulley (7), Fig. A.
Observations on the fly frame A and B.-I do not pretend to the Invention
of the wheel working in and out of gear for reversing the motion of the
copping rail; but to the method of reversing it, to the construction of the parts,
and to its being done at a speed so much quicker than that of the copping rail,
at least two hundred times as quick.
Nor to the ratch, two clacks, and weight; but to the form of conveying the
movement from shaft (11).
Nor do I claim the exclusive Invention of the table or surface upon
shaft (4, Fig. A); but to the proportionate direction of the wheel (15) by the
lever (29).
The manner of using two movements in the fly frame A, those of shaft (25)
and shaft (30), I consider as my own; the first for the lift or expansion of
pulley (5), the second for the proportion of the extremity of the coils to the
delivery of the front rollers.
I also claim the reserve of a lever that may be substituted for shaft (25),
having holes through it, to which a rack is attached with a graduated pitch-
work by a circular wheel suited in pitch.
The parts of (Fig. A) formerly employed are frames, stands, rollers, beams,
back bars, spindles, and spindle rail, flyer of the old construction, bobbins, step-
rail, saddles and bridles, weights, bevil wheels, train wheels, strap pulley, and
shaft; everything else is to be considered as part of my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Wood, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifteen, and desire it to be inrolled in due
form.
JOHN (L.S.) WOOD.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1815, the aforesaid John Wood came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1815, the aforesaid John Wood came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifteen.