IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR PAPer.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to De Angelis Rocco, of Rome, in the Kingdom
of Italy, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR PAPer.'
Sealed the 14th September 1875, and dated the 31st March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said De Angelis Rocco at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st March 1875.
I, DE ANGELIS Rocco, of Rome, in the Kingdom of Italy, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR PAPER," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention consists in an improved arrangement and construction
of machines for treating wood, straw, and rags, for the production of
pulp for the manufacture of paper,
The wood from which the pulp is to be made is first cut into very
small pieces in a transverse direction to the fibres by means of a machine

page_text: consisting of a wrought-iron revolving cylinder provided with a very large
number of steel knives. Under the cylinder is drawn by means of a
suitable worm wheel and endless screw arrangement a wrought-iron
carriage on which the wood to be cut is firmly fixed. The distance
apart of the knives and the speed of motion of the carriage may be
varied according to the nature of the wood and the quality of pulp
required. The wood thus prepared (or straw or rags may be employed)
is then placed in a cylindrical wooden vessel containing water; this
vessel is hermetically closed and is provided with a mixing wheel having
paddles; this wheel is driven by a suitable arrangement of gearing and
pullies. Into this vessel sulphurous acid gas is introduced by means of
a long enamelled tube.
The
The sulphurous acid gas is produced by an apparatus so constructed
that the emanations from the acid shall not be injurious to health; this
apparatus is placed in an open situation removed from dwelling houses
and at a distance from the paper mills. The action of this acid and of
the continued exposure to the air on the substances under operation
converts them into a colorless pulp. The pulp thus prepared is then
conveyed to a machine consisting of a granite cylinder fixed on a
wrought-iron shaft, on the bearings of which presses a weighted lever;
this cylinder revolves against a concave granite bed or table.
pulp is placed in a kind of hopper from which it passes on to an endless
cloth by which it is carried first under a spreader to spread the pulp over
the surface of the endless cloth, and then to the granite cylinder which
is formed with channels as is also the granite bed for better reducing the
pulp. The pulp thus obtained passes through a tube into a drum
provided with three receivers which collect the water and pulp at the
bottom of the drum and raise them to the upper part thereof, and the
pressure caused by the weight of the water and pulp in falling causes
the pulp which has become reduced to the required degree of fineness to
pass through metallic wire gauze into a box placed beneath. At the
same time the pulp not sufficiently reduced passes out through the open
mouth of the drum, and is discharged into a box from which it is raised
by means of a chain pump, and carried back to the herein-before described
hopper to be again passed under the granite cylinder and again brought
back to the drum.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said De Angelis Rocco in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DE ANGELIS
Rocco, of Rome, in the Kingdom of Italy, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said De Angelis Rocco, Her special licence
that I, the said De Angelis Rocco, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said De Angelis Rocco, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR PAPER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said De Angelis Rocco, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said De Angelis Rocco, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereto.
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:
This Invention consists in an improved arrangement and construction
of machines for treating wood, straw, and rags, for the production of
pulp for the manufacture of paper.
The wood from which the pulp is to be made is first cut into small
pieces in a transverse direction to the fibres by means of a machine

page_text: consisting of a wrought-iron revolving cylinder provided with a large
number of steel knives. Under the cylinder is drawn by means of a
suitable worm wheel and endless screw arrangement a wrought-iron
carriage on which the wood to be cut is firmly fixed. The distance
apart of the knives and the speed of motion of the carriage may be
varied according to the nature of the wood and the quality of pulp
required. The wood thus prepared (or straw or rags may be employed)
is then placed in a cylindrical wooden vessel containing water; this vessel
is hermetically closed and is provided with a mixing wheel having
paddles; this wheel is driven by a suitable arrangement of gearing and
pullies. Into this vessel sulphurous acid gas is introduced by means of
a long enamelled tube.
The sulphurous acid gas is produced by an apparatus so constructed
that the emanations from the acid shall not be injurious to health; this
apparatus is placed in an open situation removed from dwelling houses
at a distance from the paper mills. The action of this acid and of the
continued exposure to the air on the substances under operation converts
them into a colorless pulp. The pulp thus prepared is then conveyed
to a machine consisting of a large wheel with movable buckets, and two
channelled cylinders and a support; this machine is put in movement
by a pulley, and any suitable power. The two cast-iron channelled
cylinders which I call strikers have a double-action movement and are
fixed on two oblique supports, and the lower cylinder moved by a pulley
transmits the rotative movement to the upper cylinder, which at the
same time rises and falls, spreading the pulp between the channelings
and suitably placed steel bars. The pulp is raised by the buckets and
sent back on the said support, and descends and passes over an inclined
plane through the said channelings and steel bars from whence it falls
into a large receiver in which the wheel with its buckets works.
By the movement of the wheel and the buckets the pulp is again
raised to continue the said movement until it is sufficiently refined.
The pulp thus obtained passes through a tube into a drum provided with
three paddles which collect the water and pulp at the bottom of the
drum and raise them to the upper part thereof, and the pressure caused
by the weight of the water and pulp in falling causes the pulp which
has become reduced to the required degree of fineness to pass through
metallic wire gauze into a box placed beneath provided with an
agitator.

page_text: To make my Invention better understood, I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which,—
Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1, represent a side clevation, a plan, and an
end view respectively of the machine for triturating or cutting up the
wood into small pieces.
Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1, front and side elevations of the improved
pulping and bleaching machine.
Figures 6 and 7, Sheet 2, plan and side elevation respectively of the
improved machine for refining the pulp.
Figures 8 and 9 elevations of the improved machine for finally treating
the pulp.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is the wrought-iron cylinder carrying the
steel knives for cutting up the wood; a, a, are the bearings of the
cylinder fixed to the side frames B, B, of the machine; C is the wrought-
iron carriage (on which the wood to be cut is placed) drawn by the
screw D running between the guides. The speed of the carriage C is
regulated by means of the cones F, F, endless screw G and worm
wheel H; K, K, bevil wheels for effecting the rapid back movement of
the carriage C; b, driving pulley receiving motion from any suitable
motive power; c, large pulley giving motion to the pulley d of the
cylinder A.
In Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1, A is the cylindrical wooden vessel con-
taining water into which the wood cut up by the machine hercin-before
described and represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3 (or straw or rags) is
placed; B, framing of the machine; C, paddles of the mixing wheel;
D, E, pulleys and gearing for driving the same.
Into the cylindrical vessel A sulphurous acid is introduced in the
manner herein-before described by the tube F, whereby the material
under treatment is converted into a colorless pulp. The pulp thus
prepared passes into the refining machine shewn in Figures 6 and 7,
Sheet 2, in which F is the large wheel; G, the buckets of same;
Hand H the two channelled cylinders, and B the support; R is the
pulley for putting the machine in motion; X, driving band; O are the
steel bars; P is the inclined plane over which the pulp passes; A is
the large receiver. The pulp thus obtained passes through the tube A of
the machine shown in Figures 8 and 9, Sheet 2, into the drum B

page_text: provided with three paddles; these paddles collect the pulp and water at
the bottom of the drum B, and raise them to the upper part of the drum,
thus grinding the pulp; the pressure given by the water and pulp in
falling causes that portion of the pulp which has been reduced to the
required degree of fineness to pass through a metallic wire gauze into a
box provided with an agitator a which keeps it in motion; the plank b
forms a division and forces the pulp to rise and afterwards to fall into a
conduct pipe whence it passes into a recipient and drains. The object
of this movement of the pulp is to effect the deposit of the impurities.
I am thus enabled by the action of the herein-before described machines
to obtain a fine and colorless pulp suitable for the manufacture of all
kinds of paper.
Having thus described my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same, what I claim is, the improved combination and arrangement
of machines for treating wood, straw, and rags for the production of
pulp for paper, substantially as herein-before described and represented
in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said De Angelis Rocco, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.