IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING AND HEATING STOVES AND APPARATUS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George James Cox, of Lower Fant Road, Maidstone, in
the County of Kent, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING
AND HEATING STOVES AND APPARATUS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
SAME."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George James Cox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
GEORGE JAMES Cox, of Lower Fant Road, Maidstone, in the County of Kent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING AND HEATING STOVES AND APPARATUS, AND
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAME."
The Invention consists partly in further improvements in gas cooking and
heating stoves for which Letters Patent dated June 16th 1881 (No. 2636) was
granted to me, and partly consists in apparatus of improved construction for
various purposes herein described; and the object of this Invention is to promote
the complete combustion, and to further develope the utilization of the heat given
out by the complete combustion of coal gas, or any other combustible gas that can
be burnt in stoves or apparatus constructed in accordance with my aforementioned
Patent; and also to provide stoves and apparatus of such improved construction
as will give better results than those gas stoves or apparatus now existing, and to
which I can apply my patented arrangement for supplying heated air for economical
and perfect combustion of the gas. In the first part of my Invention the improve-
ments and additions to my gas stoves and apparatus consist as follows:-1st. In
making special provision in any of my cooking stoves requiring such provision to
receive the dripping made in roasting operations. In one modification this consists
in leaving a hole in centre of bottom plate, and sinking into this hole a small
vessel made in metal or earthenware; this well or receiver fits close in the hole,
thus excluding air from entering; the ordinary dripping pan is but slightly dished,
and has a small hole in it anywhere over the well, through which the dripping runs
into the receiver as fast as produced, and is protected from the heat which would
otherwise disfigure and burn it. By another modification the receiver has no
bottom, but its lower end is sealed in water contained in another vessel; by this
arrangement the dripping descends through false receiver, passes under water, is
clarified and collected off the surface of water very clean and pure. The 2nd im-
provement consists in inaking the division plates or sheets which form the spaces
through which air for supporting combustion of gas in my stoves and apparatus is
Prins Q.7 1

page_text: required to travel, in addition to other material, metallic or non-metallic, to
construct these plates in asbestos cloth, woven straw, or cloths, wood, or any other
good nonconductors of heat; also to paint, japan, or enamel any of these division
plates, or any portion of same to reflect back radiant heat. These spaces provided
in all my gas stoves and apparatus, through which the air required for supporting
combustion of the gas and for ventilating the stove do travel are now herein
called regenerator spaces, and the system of burning the gas under such an
arrangement will be called the regenerator system. The 3rd improvement consists
in substituting when preferred for the double horizontal exit Blue with bright
radiating surface, and the door reflecting plate, fire clay tiles, which may be either
corrugated or plain on one side, with their surfaces sunk or flat; the tile forming
the roof of oven being preferably fixed in a sloping position in the stove, the lower
end being at tho back; a definite sized slit will bo cut through this tile, and the
exit heat current must pass through same, and is caused to traverse the top surface
and then returned along the sides of the tile to the exit flue pipe at back of stove.
By this arrangement the velocity of air current is checked by the aperture in tile
and by the friction of the flues, and the fire tile is exposed to the circuitous route
of the waste heat, a large portion of which it absorbs and radiates back into stove.
I also propose to use a simpler modification of the same, wherein the heat exit
current is caused to flow over a similar tile once only; in either case I intend to use
the current in either or any direction. The 4th improvement consists in further
utilizing the heated exit current unavoidably leaving the stove, more especially in
large cookers, by conducting-same-through-a-cistern- of-water, either by means of
Hues through or a coil within the cistern, for_the_purposo_of_heating_same.
The 5th improvement consists in suspending over the burner of my reflecting
cooking stoves a plain or corrugated fire clay tile, for the purpose of more equally
diffusing the heat throughout such classes of stoves. The 6th improvement consists
in making the tubular burner running round the bottom of iny closed cooking
stoves all in one piece, dispensing with an air ball, and combining with same my
compound burner supply, by which I furnish an auxiliary supply of gas, or three
distinct and definite quantities to one and the same burner at the will of the
operator. I also employ this improved form of burner in one piece without air
ball, to an improved grilling stove hereinafter described.
The second portion of my Invention consists in improved construction of stoves
and apparatus specially adapted to consume gas by my regenerator system, and
which also contain within themselves special means by which the velocity of the
exit current is determined, so that the ingoing current of fresh air, the velocity of
which is governed by the velocity of exit current, may enter the stoves and
apparatus in quantities enough to be only just in excess of probable requirements
for proper combustion and ventilation. The first portion of my apparatus consists
of an improved arrangement of a stove for warming the air of a room, or building,
or apparatus, and ventilating same without vitiating the air therein, the stove
being also partly applicable for culinary operations. This stove may be made
rectangular, square, or any other convenient shape, but as preferably constructed, it
will be made cylindrical in shape, and consists of a base plate on which is mounted
a central shaft or cylinder, having a number of small apertures round its base, and
its top end fastened to the underside of and connected with a chamber, which I
call the expansion chamber. This chamber is about the same width as base plate,
and a outer cylinder connects this base plate with the top edge of expansion
chamber. The underside of expansion box is made a little smaller than the upper
side, and this lower side is joined to another cylinder smaller than and fixed con-
centric to the outer cylinder. The lower end of smaller cylinder does not extend
to base, but at a convenient distance down from the top box it is flanged out and
joined to the outer cylinder, thus forming an annular chamber at the outer
circumference of stove. Above this junction of the two cylinders there is a flue
attachment furnished with a disc valve or otherwise; below the junction large
orifices are cut in outer cylinder or in base plate, to allow free access of air to

page_text: intorior. The burner is placed within the central shaft or cylinder, and the
regenerator action of supplying 'air to the said burner is obtained by using a short
cylinder larger than the central one, and fixed concentric to same; this shorter
cylinder is open at top edge, and though air for purposes heroinafter mentioned
gets free access to the interior of stove body, all air used for combustion of gas must
pass between these two central cylinders, and be drawn in a heated state into com-
bustion chamber through the small perforations in bottom of central shaft. To
light the gas therein a tubular communication is provided, and I either pass a
taper through same, or furnish the stove with an arrangement of gas burner
mounted on a swivel or otherwise, and which can be caused to enter the tube
alight, and fire the gas when required. A cap is provided either mounted on the
gas swivel or loose which covers the lighting aperture. Within the stove, as herein
described, there exists an annular space freely open to the atmosphere at bottom,
but closed at top by expansion box; this space is formed by the position of the
central cylinder and the smaller of the two outer cylinders. On lighting the gas
within the stove, the heated air and products of combustion ascend up through
central shaft, enter expansion box, and descends annular space formed by the two
outer cylinders through exit pipe to flue. In order to create friction to retard the
velocity of heat current, I place at intervals throughout the shaft up which
the current is ascending and in a horizontal position discs or baffling platos
the full size of shaft, cutting a segment off each disc to leave an aperture about
large enough to allow enough vitiated air and products of combustion to
escape, in order to induce in to the stove combustion chamber sufficient fresh air to
keep up combustion of the gas. The apertures in these baffling discs are arranged
on alternate sides, so that the heat current must take a zigzag course in its ascent;
this causes it to impinge fully on the sides of the shaft, which thus becomes very
hot. The expansion box is pierced through top and bottom with apertures
through which tubes are securely fixed; these tubes form a communication betwet.-
the aforementioned free and open annular space within the stove and the
atmosphere above the stove, and the heat communicated by the central shaft and
also by the smaller of the outer cylinders heat and rarify the air in the annular
space, causing it to stream up in a current through tubes in expansion box, through
ornamental cover, and diffuse in the apartment or building, at the same time
radiated heat is given off from the surface of outer cylinder. If it is desirable to
bring in fresh air from another source I dispense with large orifices in base of stove
and introduce an air feed pipe from the desired source into the base of stove, and
introduce a regulator on ornamental cover, by which the influx of fresh air is
governed; I may also introduce a controlling valve into feed air pipe. To make
the stove useful for culinary purposes, I fit a close fitting cover to a portion of
expansion chamber, which may be removed, and cooking or heating utensils
substituted, when the action of warming the air will go on simultaneously with
cooking or heating operations. Another portion of my Invention consists in an
improved arrangement of a boiler heated by gas, which boiler may be fitted either
for the purpose of generating steam, providing a supply of hot water, supplying
pipes or coils with a continuous circulation of hot water, or for any other useful
purposes. The improvements can be applied to all the present classes of gas boilers
having internal flues, either conical or parallel, and consists in arranging burner to
consume gas by my regenerator system, and in the use of baffling plates, as herein-
before described, and whereby the velocity of heat current is regulated. I intend
constructing my boiler with a vertical conical flue and placing it within a double
casing of sheet iron or some other suitable material; the boiler being a little smaller
than the casing, there will be left an annular space around sides and top of boiler.
The burner is fitted inside three cylinders fixed concentric to each other as in air
stove, and is furnished with the same means of lighting the gas. When in operation
the heated air and products of combustion ascends up through conical flue, and the
baffling plates therein compel them to play on the sides of flue in passing; the heat
current diffuses itself over top of boiler and descends the side annular spaces, and

page_text: finally leaves by an oulet through jacket or casing. I make these boilers generally
of sheet copper, but I do not confine myself to this material. Another portion of my
Invention consists in an improved arrangement of an apparatus of the class known
as instantaneous water heaters. The improvements are the systematic conduction
of the heat current at a slow velocity through the apparatus, such current having
been generated by consuming the gas under my regenerator system, and the
employment of small thin cisterns or series of such cisterns, in conjunction with a
coil or series of coils of pipe through which the water flows. The construction of
the apparatus by which I intend to produce these results may be generally
described as follows:-A central shaft or cylinder mounted on a base plate contains
the burner, as in air stove, but instead of shaft being supplied with discs it is
nearly filled with two coils of preferably copper pipes, and the top of shaft is
surmounted by a flat thin cistern fitting close on; the ascending heat current
impinges on thin cistern and escapes through apertures of definite size cut in top
edge of shaft; another cylinder surrounds this shaft, and within the space between
cylinders is placed another coil of pipe; this coil compels the exit current to take a
spiral course down a certain distance determined by the length of outer cylinder,
which does not extend to bottom; the current is free to turn up outside outer
cylinder and is either made to impinge on other cisterns or diffuse itself; the whole
apparatus is enclosed within a double casing packed with nonconducting substances.
The coils and cisterns are connected as one continuous pipe, and may be supplied-
under pressure or otherwise; I also provide the usual-lighting arrangement to this
apparatus. The burner-or-series of burners I use in this and-the-aforementioned
apparatus I can apply to any existing-apparatus in use for the same purpose or
purposes. This same burner constitutes another portion of my Invention. By one
and the preferred modification of the burner, it is constructed circular and divided
into three main parts, namely, the air box for mixing the gas and air, the partly
perforated disc for diffusing and preventing "firing back" of the gaseous mixture,
and a hollow chamber wherein are either holes to receive nipples, or nipples
are cast on complete to chamber top; in either case combustion of the gas takes
place at the extremities of these nibs or nipples; these three pieces are joined
together to form one complete burner or clusters of burners, either by screws
through lugs or by a bayonet joint, or some other such contrivance. In constructing
large burners of this class, I prefer not to put nibs in the centre but leave
an open space, into which I convey air from the outer circumference to centre of
burner by means of small air ducts; this air supply promotes complete combustion
in the centre of the flame. The disc I use for my burners is solid in its central
portion and perforated on its outer circumference; the object of this is to drive
the gas to the outer rings of nipples more than the inner ones, and by this
arrangement I obtain a very flat, even, almost solid flame, having all the virtues
of a solid flame without its inconveniences. I intend to construct any portion
or all of the parts comprised in this burner in any of the metals or in non
metallic substances, especially such as stentite, adamas, enamel, asbestos, or any
of the liko compositions, or I may make some portions of same in refractory
pottery wares. I wish it to be clearly understood however that the use of this
particular burner, or series of burners, are not absolutely necessary to my various
apparatus, and I shall use as well any other suitable burner or burners that can be
made to burn gas properly in the manner herein described; also in such apparatus
as I consider desirable I place my compound gas supply nipple, whereby an
auxiliary supply of gas into one and the same burner can be obtained at will.
Another portion of my Invention consists in arranging the aforementioned burner or
burners within regenerator divisions or cylinders, mounted on plates and in
various forms, by which I provide burners consuming gas under my system, and
which burners are specially suitable for all domestic boiling, heating, or general
cooking purposes; also for trade purposes, such as melting metallic or others
substances, heating tools for mechanical purposes, tailors' and hatters' irons, and
such like. I also claim an improved arrangement of a cooking apparatus commonly

page_text: known as a griller, in the which articles of food are cooked underneath by the
downward reflected and radiated heat, the ascending heat current being utilized
under some other utensil. In this griller the gas is burnt by the regenerator
system through a burner of peculiar construction, which burner consists of a picco
of tube bent to form two straight burners in which an air ball is dispensed with,
and each arm fed with gas independent of the other but from the same supply
pipe. This burner carries a corrugated tile, which may be taken off when the
upward heat is specially wanted; there is the usual aperture in the top plate, but
the front space usually open in such apparatus is closed by a door hinged from the
bottom; this door is constructed so that when open it acts as a shelf to receive
cooking pan. One of this class of grillers, as well as any of my boiling or other
burners, I intend where required to fix on the tops or at the sides of any of my
cooking or heating stoves. In all my stoves and apparatus wherein I utilize the
heat to the point of condensing the products, I furnish such apparatus with a
syphon arrangement, which allows the escape of any liquid products which might
otherwise rust or deteriorate the stove or apparatus. I intend to construct the
herein described apparatus generally in black or galvanized sheet iron, cast iron,
and copper, also steatite or enamel for any burner tips, but I do not confine myself
to such materials, but may employ other suitable material, metallic or non-metallic.
I do not propose to confine myself to the exact details as herein specified, as I may
construct various modifications of my improvements without departing from the
principles of my Invention, the novelty of which I claim to be as follows:--
1st. Improved arrangements by which the dripping in roasting operations is
collected and preserved clean, and the usual tin pan being enabled to be closer the
burner, acts more effectually as an upward reflector.
2nd. The use of various nonconducting material for the plates forming the
divisions for the air to travel into the sloves, and in painting, japanning, or
enamelling any portion of these division plates where desirable to form a reflector.
3rd. In the use of specially moulded fire clay tiles partly with self contained
flues used in my cooking stoves. In the construction of the flues partly or wholly
formed by these tiles, that they regulate the velocity of current and absorb and
radiate back some of the otherwise escaping heat by causing the current to take a
circuitous route around and over their substance.
4th. In conducting the remnants of heat currents through flues or coils in detached
tanks or cisterns to give up its remaining value to water therein.
5th. In placing a plain or corrugated surfaced fire tile over the burner of my
reflecting cooking stove to obtain a more equally difused heat throughout such
classes of stoves.
6th. In dispensing with an air ball, constructing the burner in one piece and
using in combination my auxiliary burner supply nipple.
7th. In the construction of an improved air warming and ventilating stove,
partly applicable for culinary purposes; an improved boiler suitable for various
purposes; an improved instantaneous water heater; in all of which apparatus the
gas is consumed under the regenerator system, and contain within themselves
arrangements to retard the velocity of the heat current at various stages
throughout the apparatus, for the double purpose of more fully utilizing within
the apparatus the heat already generated, and to keep back all unnecessary air
from entering the combustion chambers.
Sth. In the construction of a special arrangement of burner or burners to be
used in the afore mentioned apparatus, which burners are equally applicable for
other purposes; and which I also apply in conjunction with the regenerator system
for domestic boiling and other purposes, and for professional or trade purposes; also
in the special manner in which I supply the centre of flame in large burners with
a supply of air by means of air ducts.
9th. In an improved construction of a gas griller as herein described,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George James Cox in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th March
. 1882.
GEORGE JAMES Cox, of Lower Fant Road, Maidstone, in the County of Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING AND HEATING STOVES AND APPARATUS, AND
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAME."
My Invention consists partly in further improvements in gas cooking stoves, for
which Letters Patent, dated June 16th 1881 (No. 2636), was granted unto me,
and partly in apparatus of improved construction in which to burn gas for various
purposes berein described; and the object of this Invention is to provide for and
to promote the more complete combustion, and to further develop the utilization of
the heat given out by the complete combustion of coal gas, or any other com-
bustible gas that can be burnt in stoves or apparatus, constructed in accordance
with my aforementioned Patent, and also to provide and construct stoves and
apparatus of such improved construction as will give better results than those gas_
stoves or apparatus now existing,_and_to_which-apparatus I can apply my afore-
_mentioned-patented arrangement for supplying heated air to-support-the-more
economical_and_more-perfect combustion of the gas. In the first part of my
Invention the additions and improvements to my gas cooking stoves are as
follows:-
1st. In making special provision in any of my cooking stoves requiring such
provision to receive the dripping made in cooking operations, such provision being
advantageous, and allowing the dripping to leave the hotter part of the stove, while
it effectually excludes all air from entering the stove through the same channel by
which the dripping leaves. In one modification this consists in leaving a hole in
plate forming bottom of oven, and sinking into this hole a small vessel made in
metal or earthenware; this well or receiver fits close into hole, thus excluding air
from entering; the ordinary dripping pan or tray is but very slightly dished or
hollowed, and has a small hole in it somewhere over the well, and through which
the dripping runs as fast as produced into the receiver, where it is protected from
the heat which would otherwise disfigure and burn it. A portion of this arrange-
ment is shewn in Figure 1 on the Drawings accompanying this Specification, and
hereinafter called the Drawings, wherein the well W is shewn suspended. By
another modification, and as shewn in Figure 2, the place of the receiver W is
taken by a tube, the lower end of which is sealed in water contained in another
vessel Z; by this arrangement the dripping descends through tube W 1, passes
under water, is clarified and collected off surface of water very clean and pure.
The second improvement consists in making the division plates or sheets forming
the spaces through which air for supporting combustion of gas in my stoves or
apparatus is required to travel in addition to other materials, metallic or non
metallic, to construct these plates or sheets in asbestos, cloth, woven straw, wood,
or cloths, wood boards, or any other good nonconductor of heat; also to paint,
japan, polish, or cuamel any of these division plates or any portion of same, to
reflect back radiant heat where desirable for the purpose of carrying out more
effectually the regenerative or reclaiming action of ny aforementioned patented
arrangement. The third improvement consists in substituting when preferred for
the double horizontal exit flue at top of oven, a fire clay or any other tile arranged
and fixed at the top part of oven, but placed a little way from roof so as to allow
a fue space between upper surface of tile and actual roof of oven, as shown in

page_text: Figures 2 and 3, where T is the tile; this tile may be either corrugated or plain on
either surface, and is fixed in a preferably sloping position, as shown in Figure 2,
the lower end being wherever the exit passage over it is placed; an exit passage is
cut in some portion of this tile or is otherwise provided, through which the vitiated
current of hot air after collecting at the underside of tile passes up over top of tile,
and thus subjects the upper surface as well as the lower one to its influences; this
current of hot air is made to travel to the other end of tile, where there is an
opening provided on each side to allow current to descend into a flue running
along each side of stove, one side of each flue being formed preferably by each side
of tile; these two side flues join into one common flue at back, from whence the
current makes its exit through flue pipe H; those side flues are shewn in Figure 3,
and the common outlet flue in Figure 2. By this arrangement the velocity of the
exit current is checked by friction in the flues, and the fire tile being exposed to
the circuitous route of the exit heat current a large portion of same is absorbed by
the tile, a portion of which heat is again radiated back into stove; the underside
of tile being preferably light coloured also acts slightly as a reflector. I do not
confine myself to use fire clay tiles, as I may obtain similar advantages by using
other refractory materials in earthenware, any of which suitable for the purpose I
intend to use; I shall also use metallic plates or slabs for the same purpose,
namely, to absorb as much of the heat running to waste as I practically can, and
endeavour to get a large portion of same returned back into stove by radiation. I
also propose to use a simpler modification of the same, wherein the heat exit
current is caused to flow over a similar tile once only; in either case I intend to send
this current in either or any direction. The fourth improvement consists in further
utilizing the heated exit current unavoidably leaving the stove, more especially that
in large cookers, by conducting same through cistern of water by means of flues
or coils through same; the water thus slightly warmed by such means would be the
more easily and effectually heated when passed through my instantaneous water
heater hereinafter described, and which I propose to fix in a position below the above
mentioned cistern (when the latter is warined in the manner herein described), and
connect it with a suitable pipe and tap to the cistern, from whence the slightly
warmed water shall flow into and through the heater, becoming highly heated in
its passage through the apparatus into the utensil or receptacle for it. The fifth
improvement consists in suspending over the burner of my reflector cooking stoves,
in the manner slewn in Figures 5 and 6, a plain or corrugated tile for the purpose
of shielding bottom of oven, and more equally diffusing the heat over all portions
of oven.
The sixth improvement consists in the combination of the tubular
burner F, Figures 2 & 3, with my afore patented supply nipple; by such an
arrangement an atmospheric burner can be bent to any ordinary shape, all in one
piece, entirely dispensing with an air ball or mixing chamber, aud can be fed with
gas from centre or any position in burner, to give regular sized jets all over burner.
The second portion of my Invention consists in improved construction of stoves
and apparatus suitable for various purposes, adapted to consume gas by my
regenerative system, and which also contain within themselves special means by
which the velocity of the exit heat current may be controlled in its passage
through the apparatus, so that the in-going current of fresh air, the velocity of
which is governed by the velocity of the exit heat current, may enter the stoves
aud apparatus in quantities enough to be only just in excess of probable require-
ments for the proper combustion of the gas within, and for the ventilation of
apparatus. The first portion of my apparatus consists of an improved arrangement
of a stove for warming the air of an apartment, building, or apparatus, and
ventilating same without vitiating the air therein; this stove being also partly
applicable for culinary operations. This stove may be made either rectangular,
square, or any other convenient shape, but as preferably constructed it will be
made cylindrical in shape as shewn in Figures 14, 15, 16, and 16a on Drawings,
and consists of a base plate on which is mounted a central shaft C, K, which shaft

page_text: has a number of small perforations round its base, and its top end fastened to and
connected with a chamber P, which I call the expansion chamber. The top edge
of chamber P is connected to a cylinder A 1, which cylinder is also connected to
base plate; the underside of expansion box P is made smaller than the top side,
this is also connected to a cylinder J, which cylinder is also connected to base;
there is thus a communication through central shaft C, K, into expansion box, and
from box P into annular space formed by cylinders A1 and J; at any suitable
position in A 1 an aperture is cut, and a flue attachment M fixed. In the base
plate or at lower edge of cylinder A 1, apertures are cut to give free communication
of air into annular space R, formed by the position of cylinders C, K, and J; the
box P is pierced with tubes Qrunning straight through, which opens communica-
tion between space R and the top of stove; the air space R is divided into several
vertical divisions by means of plates or gills, radiating in all directions from
cylinder C, K, and joining to cylinder J. The burner F is fixed within
cylinder C, K, and the regenerative action of supplying heated air to the burner is
obtained by using a short cylinder B, larger in diameter than C, K, and fixed
concentric to same; B is open at its top edge, and though air for purposes herein-
after mentioned gets free access into space R, all nir required for combustion of
gas must pass between these cylinders C, K, and B, and be drawn into combustion
chamber S through the perforations in bottom of C, K. For the purpose of
lighting the gas within, a tubular piece N communicating with the combustion
chamber is provided, into which a curved arm turns; this carries at its end a
lighted jet of gas sufficient to ignite the flame when the stove burner tap is turned
on, this arm has-also-mounted-on-it-a-cover-corresponding -to-aperture--N,-so-that-
when the curved arm is in its proper position there is practically no air enters
stove by aperture N. On lighting the gas within the stove the heated air and
products of combustion ascend up through central shaft, enter expansion box, and
descend annular space at outer circumference, leaving by exit pipe M to flue. In
order to create friction by which I retard heat current, I place at intervals across
the central shaft up which the heated and vitiated current is ascending, aud in a
horizontal or inclined position, discs or baffling plates O, as shewn in Figure 15,
the full size of shaft, cutting a piece off each disc to cause an aperture about large
enough for current to pass through in sufficient volume as will induce into the
combustion chamber enough fresh air to properly support combustion of gas
therein; the apertures in these baffling discs are arranged on alternate sides so
that the heat current must take a zigzag course in its ascent; this causes the
current to impinge fully on the sides of the shaft, which thus becomes very hot;
the hot vitiated current enters expansion box and passes in all directions between
the tubes, heating then intensely as it passes, and returns down between
cylinders A 1 and J to the flue M; these cylinders are also considerably heated by
the partially exhausted heat current as it desceuds, and the cylinder J is also
heated by conduction through the gills heated by C, K; there is thus a large
On
amount of heating surface to act upon the air contained in space R.
lighting gas within as soon as stove is warmed, rarefication of the air contained in
space R begins, and it commences to pass up through the tubes and emerge from
top of stove warmed in its course; this action induces a corresponding current to
enter at bottom of stove, to take up heat in passing, and to emerge from top
warmed pure air, so long as stove is heated. The quantity of warmed air thus
discharged through apparatus can be regulated by an ordinary slide ventilating
valve, fixed over tube outlets on expansion boss. If it is desirable to bring in air
from any outside source, the apertures in base are closed, and an air feed pipe from
the desired source is brought through the base into space R; this pipe may also
have a regulating valve to control the influx of fresh air. I claim that when this
apparatus is so arranged to induct fresh air from outside it has the important
advantage that while combustion is supported by the outside air instead of taking
oxygen from the air in building for that purpose, it is practically impossible for

page_text: gusts of wind to blow out or otherwise affect the lighted gas in combustion
chamber, a defect which does exist in other apparatus when similarly arranged.
To make this stove also useful for culinary purposes I make an aperture in top of
expansion box and fit a cover U, Figure 15, to same; when it is so required this
cover may be lifted off and a utensil stood in its place, when the usual action of
warming the air will go on simultaneously with cooking or heating operations.
The expansion box is surmounted by an ornamental cover perforated at top and
nt sides; the top is sometimes fitted with a slide valve, so that the warmed air
coming through tubes in expansion box may be either discharged in a vertical
direction through top, or in a horizontal direction from sides on shutting the valve.
Another portion of my Invention consists in an improved arrangement of a boiler
heated by gas, which boiler may be fitted either for the purpose of generating
steam, providing a supply of hot water, supplying pipes, coils, or tanks with a
continuous circulation of hot water, or for any other useful purpose; the general
arrangement of gas combustion chamber, position of burner, and direction of flues
are identical with arrangement in air warming stove herein previously described,
and is shown in Figures 17, 18, and 19; the descending current, however, does not
all go down outer annular flue space c, but some of it descends through tubes e,
and in another modification I do not have an opening at d but I cause all the
current to descend tubes e and then renscend up annular flue c, from whence I
make provision for its exit somewhere in top of casing. The boiler a is made
preferably in sheet copper, and is fitted inside a doublo casing of preferably sheet
iron; between this casing there is a packing of non conducting material, as shewn
in Figures 18 and 19; as there shewn the boiler is also fitted with a flow and
return pipe, feed water pipe, and draw off tap, all arranged for circulation of hot
water. The object of this arrangement of boiler as described and shewn is to
cause the combustion of the necessary gas to take place with heated air in quantities
limited to the requirements of burner and the conduction of the heated products
of combustion at a slow velocity through the apparatus by the use of the baffling
plates O and various flues arranged as shewn in order to keep heated products of
combustion in contact with boiler long enough to give up as much of its heat as
possible to boiler. Another portion of my Invention consists in an improved
arrangement of an apparatus of the class known as instantaneous water heaters;
the improvements are the systematic conduction of the heat current at a slow
velocity through the apparatus until exhausted, such current having been preferably
generated by the consumption of gas through a burner or series of burners arranged
similar to hot air stove and water boiler, and which arrangement is shewu in
Figure 21 on the Drawings, and the employment of small cisterns or discs, or
series of such, in conjunction with a coil or series of coils of pipe through which
the water flows. The general construction of apparatus is shewn in Figures 20,
21, 22, and 24, and is as follows:-A central shaft is mounted on a base plate and
contains the burner F as in air stove; within this central shaft above the burner
are coils of preferably copper pipe, which, while subjected to great heat, also acts
similar to the baffling discs; the shaft is surmounted by a thin copper cistern j, and
it is also perforated around its upper edge similar to its base; this shaft contains
within it any number of coils; as shewn in Figure 21, it contains two different
sized coils; it is also surrounded on its outside by another coil, also shewn in
section; this outer coil is surrounded by another cylinder extending down to
about bottom of outer coil. When in action the ascending heat current plays upon
the two or more coils, impinges on bottom of cistern j, escapes through side
apertures, and descends through space partly occupied by outer coil as far as lower
edge of outer cylinder, when it again ascends, passes over top of cistern j, then
under and through aperture in another cistern i, plays on bottom of open cistern, and
finally the uncondensed products either escape through perforations in top edge, or
are conducted to Blue. The water cisterns and coils are all connected as one
continuous pipe, and the water runs from feed cistern at top of apparatus into

page_text: annular disc cistern i, thence descends the outer coil into the outer of coils within
the central cylinder, up which it ascends and enters disc cistern j; from this
cistern it again descends either another single coil, as shewn, to the outlet, or it
may descend a number of smaller coils into another disc placed immediately over
the burner, and from whence it may leave the apparatus by a draw off tap. The
whole apparatus is enclosed in a double casing, packed between- with a non-
conducting material, and the burner is provided with the usual lighting arrangement
as in air stove. The necessary pressure to force the water through the apparatus
is either obtained by surmounting the apparatus with a cistern provided with ball
and tap, as shown in Figure 21, or can be obtained by dispensing with cistern and
connecting pipe shewn in Figure 20 to a fixed cistern overhead; there are air tubes
placed where necessary in this apparatus, & where considered desirable to guard
from frost there are means provided to empty the apparatus; these are not shewn
on Drawings.
The arrangement of burner I prefer to use in these various apparatus, and as
shewn in position in the sectional Drawings of same, constitute another portion of
my Invention; as preferably constructed it is made circular and is divided into
three main parts, namely, the air box for mixing the gas and air, Figures 27
and 31; the partly perforated disc, Figure 28, for diffusing and mixing gaseous
mixture and preventing "firing back" of same; and a hollow chamber above disc,
wherein are either holes to receive nipples, or nipples are cast on complete; in
either case combustion of gas takes place at tips of these nibs; the three main
pieces are joined together either by screws or rivets through lugs or by abayonet.
joint or some other such contrivance. In constructing large burners of this class I
-sometimes-leave-a-space-in-centre-free from nipples and assist the combustion of
centre portion of flame by means of air supplied through air ducts cast in body of
top chamber; Figures 33, 34, and 35 show the construction of a burner having air
ducts as described. The discs I use for my burners are solid in the centre and
perforated on their outer circumference, as shown in Figure 28, the object being to
drive the gas to the outer rings of nipples instead of allowing the centre of flame
to form a long jet of flame, and by my arrangement I do obtain a very flat, even,
and nearly solid flame, having all the virtues of a solid flame without its incon-
veniences. Figures 31 and 32 show a portion of the top chamber cast on to air
lox, and in this arrangement the top portion consists of a flat plate only, either
studded with nibs cast on or holes cast in to receive nipples. I intend to construct
any portion, or all of the parts comprised in this burner, in any of the metals or in
nonmetallic substances, especially such as steatite, onamel, adamas, asbestos, or any
of the like compositions, and I may make some portions of same in refractory
pottery wares. I wish it to be clearly understood, however, that the use of this
particular burner or series of burners are not absolutely necessary to the success of
iny various apparatus herein described, and that I intend using as well any other
suitable burner or burners applicable to the apparatus. Figures 36 and 36, show
a modification of my patented compound supply nipple, shewn in Figures 38, 39,
and 40, and which I intend using, when desirable, fitted into the aforementioned
burner air box in order to give varying supplies of gas into one and the same
burner fitting. In fitting this burner into its position in the various apparatus to
which it is applied I cut out a ring the size of shaft at its outside circumference
and the size of burner top chamber at its inside diameter; 1 fix this ring about
level with the tips of nipples, as may be seen in section in air stove, water heater,
and boiler Drawings, and it plays the important parts of preventing any air being
uselessly drawn up through the apparatus, and compels all the air going in to go
between the nipples, where it is advantageously used in promoting more complete
combustion. Another portion of my Invention is the arrangement of the herein
described burner, fitted with air check ring in combination with my afore-patented
arrangement for supplying same with heated air to support combustion, and which
arrangement is suitable for all ordinary domestic operations and very specially

page_text: suitable for trade and professional purposes, giving out an intense heat suitable for
heating irons or melting metallic or other substances, and I intend constructing
modifications of sane arrangement to suit various mechanical and other require-
ments; the general arrangement of this combination is shewn in Figures 8, 9,
and 10 on Drawings. Figures 11, 12, and 13 show an improved arrangerment of a
gas cooker, commonly known as a griller, but it is more properly a broiler, in which
food is cooked underneath by the downward reflected, deflected, and radiated heat,
tho ascending heat current being sometimes utilized under a utensil above it. The
improvements I claim in this apparatus is the combination of the afore patented
air feeding arrangement with iny improvements in the construction of tubular
atmospheric burners, whereby I can bend them to any desired shape all in ono
piece, dispensing with the usual air ball at one or either end, or a tee piece and air
ball in the centre; one shape of this improved arrangement is shewn in Figure 4,
where the burner is shewn all in one piece; as a further improvement I combine
in the case of large broilers or grillers for hotel use and for large establishments
my herein described arrangement of the fire tile and flues as applied to cookers.
I propose, where necessary and advantageous, to apply this arrangement of
radiating tile to grillers of ordinary construction, as well as those specially arranged
with a regenerative action. Figure 1 shows an elevation of one of my improved
grillers and also one of my improved boiling burners fitted on to one of my patented
gas cookers.
In all my stoves and apparatus wherein I utilize the heat to the point of
condensing the products of combustion I furnish means of discharging the
condensed water through a syphon arrangement. I intend to construct the herein
described apparatus generally in sheet iron, black, galvanized, tinned, or otherwise
specially prepared, sheet steel, copper, cast iron, and any other suitable metallic
substances, also in non metallic substances, as fire clay tiles, slates, porcelain,
enamelled substances, steatite, adainas, enamel, asbestos, woven cloths, or vegetable
fibre, or any other suitable material for the purposes as herein described. I do not
intend to confine myself to the precise details in my various apparatus as herein,
described and shewn on rawings, as I may construct various modifications of my
improvements without departing from the principles of my Invention. I also
intend to apply various portions of my Invention to forms of gas stoves and
apparatus now in use, and which would be rendered more perfect and complete
by the use of such additions, such, for instance, as the construction of gas cooking
stoves with solid or closed bottoms, to which the dripping well W, Figure 1, may be
suspended and used in conjunction with the shallow bright tray, the air supply to
this stove being not necessarily carried through regenerative spaces, but perforations
may be made in bottom plate close to or all round vessel W, through which air
is introduced and passes along between bright shallow tray and bottom of oven
direct to burners. The aforementioned shallow tray whether used in a stove
having air heating or regenerating spaces, or otherwise, from its construction plays
two important parts in the economy of gas cooking. All other arrangements'
made for receiving the dripping made in cooking operations into a receptacle
placed below are made with their sides sloping, so that every thing dripping from
the meat is carried away and mixes together; my tray is made nearly flat, being
very slightly hollowed in centre, so that the fat dripping on same only runs slowly
to outlet in centre, and not fast enough to carry away the juices dropping with
it; these juices therefore remain on the tray, and are browned for use in making
gravy, while the fat is collected into vessel W clean and pure. I claim that this
form of tray acts more efficiently as an upward reflector of the heat rays, and for
this purpose I usually construct same in bright tinned plate iron; but I do not
confine myself to this material, and intend to use any other reflecting substance,
metallic or nonmetallic, for that purpose.
Having now shewn the nature of my Invention, and also shewn by Drawings
accompanying this Specification the general arrangement of various portions of

page_text: apparatus comprised in my Invention, I wish it to be understood that I do not
claim as new the conduction of dripping from oven into a receptacle below, or the
employment of non conducting materials, as herein enumerated, for the retention
of radiated heat, or the use of tiles to forin the roofs of gas ovens or grillers, or the
utilization of the waste heat coming from gas cookers for certain purposes, or the
use of tiles or slabs for the bottoms of ovens over burners in reflecting stoves, or
the employment of atmospheric tubular burners made all in one piece suitable for
some purposes, but what I claim as new and therefore as my Invention is the
following, as herein before described, namely:-
First. The construction of a nearly flat collecting tray, made in a bright reflecting
material or otherwise; and also the construction and arrangement of receivers,
and combination of same with said collecting tray; both to be used either in con-
nection with my before patented cooking stoves, or with other kinds of gas cooking
stoves, to receive the dripping made during cooking operations, and for the purposes
and advantages as herein described.
Second. The use of various nonconducting and reflecting materials, and combi-
nations of such materials, to be used for the division plates and casings, and all
portions where it is advantageous for the more effectual or perfect regenerative
action, which it is intended the inlet air current should perform in my previously
patented cookers.
Third. The construction of gas cooking stoves and grillers with tiles of fire clay
or other material placed preferably in the manner hereinbefore described and
shown, with flue space between tile and oven top, over and around which_the_exit_
beated air current is caused to play, as herein described, and which arrangement I
intend-to-apply-to-all-or-any-suitable-kinds of gas-cooking-stoves, as well as to
my own description of stoves.
Fourth. The utilization of waste heat coming from flues of gas cooking stoves,
by conducting it through cisterns of water by means of coils, or such like means,
which arrangement is especially suitable for preparing the water therein, to be
more promptly heated by an instantaneous water heater placed in connection with
cistern.
Fifth. The construction of reflecting cooking stoves with a corrugated fire clay
tile suspended immediately over the burner, but at a suitable distance from the
oven bottom, to allow the hot air to play on bottom without the intense heat of
the burner operating directly there-upon.
Sixth. The construction of tubular atmospheric burners in one piece, either with
or without the use of my patented compound supply nipple, whereby various
shaped tubes hitherto requiring a tee-piece and an air ball, wherever it was
requisite to introduce gas into burner otherways than at one or either end, can
now be used entirely without such insertions, and the gas can be introduced wherever
necessary.
Seventh. In the construction of an improved air-warming and ventilating stove,
also partly applicable for culinary purposes, an improved boiler suitable for various
purposes, an improved instantaneous water heater, in all of which apparatus
the gas consumed is supported by air heated in accordance with my previous
Patent, and contain within themselves specially arranged means by which the
velocity of heated air current is checked and retarded at various stages throughout
the different apparatus, for the double purpose of more fully utilizing within the
apparatus the heat allready generated, and to keep back all unnecessary air from
entering the combustion chamber, all details of which are herein described and
shewn on Drawings.
Eighth. In the construction of a special arrangement of burner or burners to be
preferably used in the aforementioned apparatus, the same burners being equally
applicable for other purposes, and which I also use in conjunction with my heated
air arrangement for other purposes, as herein described; also in the special manner
in which I supply the centre of large burners, constructed in the manner described,

page_text: with air by means of ducts running through body; also in the use of air check
surrounding tips of burners, for the purpose of driving ascending air current
through into the midst of burners.
Ninth. In the construction of an improved gas broiler or griller, as herein
described.
with air by means of ducts running through body; also in the use of air check
surrounding tips of burners, for the purpose of driving ascending air current
through into the midst of burners.
Ninth. In the construction of an improved gas broiler or griller, as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George James Cox, have herein set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
GEORGE JAMES COX. (L.S.)