matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Ax IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL BUST
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Drew Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1869.
I, JOSEPH DREW THOMAS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL BUST," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists essentially in providing for general use, but
more particularly for ladies and soldiers, a useful and durable bust or
breast pad of any desired shapo in one, two, or more pieces, or of one
picce with several comportments, the said bust or breast pad being
permanently inflated with air or other gaseous fluid.
In carrying my said Invention into effect I form the whole of the
parts of airproof or nearly airproof materials, the back or that portion
worn next to the person being made of a rigid or stiffish material, such
as cardboard, vulcanite, or other hardened india-rubber, and the front
or raised portion of a flexible material, such as india-rubber or other
so-called airproof cloth. The inflating is effected preferably in an atmo-

page_text: sphere of about 60° Fahrenheit, or air or other gas at that temperature
is admitted before the parts are permanently closed. When in use the
heat of the body expands the air and without unduly straining the
materials of which the bust is made gives to the front the required
elasticity and firmness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR LIPTING UP AND TAKING OPP HEAVY BODIES ON AND FROM RACKS OR STANDS OR CARRIAGES, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH STANDS OR RACKS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Duncan Preston Cun-.
ningham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his.
Petition, on the 8th September 1869.
I, HENRY DUNCAN PRESTON CUNNINGHAM, of Bury, near Gosport,
in the County of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR LIPTING UP AND TAKING OPP
HEAVY BODIES ON AND FROM RACKS OR STANDS OR CARRIAGES, AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH STANDS OR RACKS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist of means for facilitating the lifting up and
taking off of heavy bodies, such as casks or projectiles on and off from
racks, stands, or carriages, and in the construction of such racks or
stands.
As regards racks or stands more especially used for casks I form the
lower part with a curve so as to make it act favorably as the fulcrum
of a lever; the lever power being provided by levers attached to the
rack or stand, or the leverage may be obtained by the cask itself in
combination with an action derived from the displacement of the centre

page_text: of gravity in conjunction with the mechanical action of the curved
bottom of the stand.
In another form the part which supports the body is alone made to be
moveable, the stand proper being of a fixed character. In this form
levers are attached to the moveable part.
In the case of a projectile one lever may be sufficient; this lever is
furnished with crutches to receive the projectile which I propose to
deposit upon the crutches by aid of my shot carriage, described in my
Patent of the 12th January 1867. The crutches being so adjusted as to
allow the shot lift, also described in the same Patent, to work clear of
them. The lever enables the projectile to be raised or taken off with
great ease. The lever may be furnished with wheels so as to serve as a
shot truck or carriage in itself. The moveable part is also capable of
adjusting the level of the cask.
I believe my improvements will save undue physical labour in many
cases where excessive strength is now required in raising heavy
weights.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR EXPRESSING JUICES FROM ORGANIC MATTERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1869.-A communication from abroad by Leonid Albert
Thieme, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
EXPRESSING JUICES FROM ORGANIC MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery whereby
the operation of extracting saccharine and other juices by pressure is
rendered continuous. To this end a rolling action of the pressing
surfaces is adopted, derived from two cylinders set excentrically one
within the other. These cylinders are carried by antifriction rollers
which turn in rings that form loose bearings for them. The outer and
larger cylinder has its outer periphery recessed to receive the bearing
surfaces of the rollers, which rollers are supported in an arc of the
main framing. Within the inner cylinder is what may be termed a
cylindrical core, which forms part of the main framing, and is intended

page_text: to
carry
the ring of antifriction rollers which support the inner cylinder
in position. This cylinder is grooved on its inner periphery to receive
the bearing surfaces of its antifriction rollers. The central core is
secured to the main framing by curved flange plates, which are bolted
to the core and to the main framing. Into the space between the two
pressing cylinders and at the widest part the material to be operated
upon is fed by an Archimedean screw supplied from a fixed hopper.
This space is closed at the ends by rings or brass linings, but to allow
of the escape of the expressed juice the outer periphery of the inner
cylinder is grooved transversely, and the ends of the grooves are rounded
off to make a passage between the cylinder and the rings or brass
linings before mentioned. The ribs formed by the transverse grooves
are notched to receive a coil of wire which is laid round the cylinder,
and thus forms a kind of reticulated periphery pervious to the expressed
juice, but impervious to the pulpy mass which is retained between the
pressing surfaces, while the juice or syrup is free to pass into the
grooves, and thence flow away out of the press at exit openings pro-
vided for the purpose. Rotary motion is given to the outer pressing
cylinder through metal bands sunk in grooves turned in its periphery,
and leading from driven pulleys external of the machine. The inner
cylinder turns by contact friction. The compressed pulpy mass is
removed from the machine by means of a second Archimedean screw.
Thus a continuous feed and discharge will take place, the only care of
the attendant being to keep up the supply in the hopper.
AN IMPROVED TOY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th April 1869.-A communication from abroad by Narcisse
Rabouin, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED TOY," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention, which relates to an improved toy or plaything for
children, is very simple. It consists chiefly in fixing to the interior
of any suitable hoop a number of bells of any desired size. The said
bells may be connected to the hoop by wire or other means of attach.
ment, by preference such as will permit the child using the hoop to
remove or replace the bells according to the effect desired to be produced
in the hoop. The said hoop, which is made of a number of segments
jointed together to render the hoop more portable, may be of any desired
color or colours, and may be constructed of wood, cane, metal, or other
suitable material.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawing A is one of the segments of the hoop;
B is a plan of the same; C shows one of the bells and device for securing
it to the hoop; D is one of the joints; and E is the hoop stick provided
with a handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING OR WASHING TIN ORES AND OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Bartle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1869.
I, FRANCIS BARTLE, of Bassett Foundry, Pool, in the County of
Cornwall, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING OR WASHING TIN ORES AND OTHER
MINERALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to an apparatus or receptacle for dressing
or washing tin ores and other minerals known as a "kieve" or tub.
This has heretofore been made of wood, and it has consequently not
been possible readily to impart to its sides the vibrating motion requisite
for the process.
Now my Invention consists in constructing such "kieves" of cast
iron or other metal, and in forming upon the sides thereof one or more
pockets or brackets, in which are placed pieces of wood or other suitable
material for receiving the blows of the hammer for producing the
requisite vibrations. Ribs are carried from such pockets partially round

page_text: the "kieve" in order to strengthen the same, and also to transmit the
vibrations.
It is preferred to form either a rim, or legs, or projections upon the
lower edge of the "kieve" by which it rests upon the ground, so as
to keep the bottom surface free to allow it to partake of the vibrations.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND DEVICES FOR SECURING STAIR RODS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1869.-A communication from abroad by Hypolite
Uhry, of the City and State of New York, United States of America,
Engineer.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND DEVICES
FOR SECURING STAIR RODS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to a new mode of securing stair rods, and
consists in the employment of end caps, thimbles, or rings sliding over the
ends of the rods, the same being secured to screwed eyes or hooks inserted
in the stairs, which screwed eyes or hooks are covered or concealed by
the said cap ends, thimbles, or rings, thereby giving the stair rod a neat
appearance.
The rod may be made of any desirable shape or pattern, or of any
suitable material. A simple rod is generally used, which may be easily
manufactured of pipe tubing, moulding strips, or wooden or glass rods,

page_text: cut square at the ends. The length of these rods is slightly less than
the distance between the screwed eyes which are inserted in the stairs.
The end cap or thimble has a longitudinal slot terminating in a circular
enlargement at its inner end, so that when the end cap or thimble is
forced or sprung over the shank of the screwed eye it closes around the
same and prevents its slipping off the rod, the width of the slot being
less than the diameter of the shank of the screwed eye. To secure these
rods they are placed between the two screwed eyes, an end cap or
thimble being slipped over either end, the slotted part enclosing the
sbank of the screwed eyes, and thereby perfectly securing the rod in its
place. The same object may be accomplished by the use of a rod of the
ordinary length, with a slot at or near either end to receive the hooks or
screwed eyes which are inserted in the stairs, the said rod being secured
by means of a cap passing over the end of the rod, or an over ring
or ferrule pushed up from the centre of the rod. These caps, over
rings, or ferrules are formed with a slot or opening, one part of which is
at right angles to the other. These caps or over rings are forced on the
shank of the hook or screwed eye passing into the slot, and entirely
concealing the slots or holes in the rod. When the caps or over rings
arė pushed up until the shank of the hook or screwed eye reaches the
angle of the slot the said cap or over ring. is turned until the shank
reaches the end of the slot, thereby securely holding the rod in its place.
AN IMPROVED REFRIGERATOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kent at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1869. A communication from abroad by Milton Alexander Hamil-
ton, of Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
I, GEORGE KENT, of No. 199, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED REFRIGERATOR," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a refrigerator for preserving meats, fish, fruits,
and other perishable articles for an indefinite length of time without
freezing. I construct a box, inside of which I place another box, the
inner box being sufficiently smaller than the outer one to allow of an air
space around the sides, ends, and bottom of the inner box, the sides of
which are covered with wool, felt, or other non-conductor; the whole is
then lined with zinc, galvanized iron, or other appropriate material, and
made water-tight, thereby forming a receptacle, within which to place the
article to be preserved. In this inner box I construct a rectangular or
any other properly shaped receptacle within which to place ice and salt.
This receptacle may extend entirely around the chamber, across one.

page_text: or both sides, or in the middle, as may be desired, and is closed upon all
sides and at the top and bottom, a small opening being left at the top,
through which to put in the ice. This opening should be provided with
a tightly fitting cover. I prefer to arrange this ice receptacle so that
an air space is left all around between the same and the interior of the
box wherein it is placed. Near the bottom of the said receptacle I
insert a goose-neck pipe to carry off the drippings arising from the
melting ice and salt, the lower end of the said pipe projecting through
the bottom of the box. Aecess to the inner chamber of the box, or
what I term the preserving chamber, is had through hatchways or trap-
doors, which should fit closely in order to exclude the outer air. A cover
hinged to one side of the case completes the box: In applying this
principle to the construction of a railway carriage for the preservation
of perishable matter in transit I carry the lining felting and air space
across the top as well as around the sides, ends, and bottom, and pro-
vide proper hatchways or trapdoors by means of which the interior part
of the same could be reached from the top; or doors may be formed in
the sides of the said carriage to allow access to its interior.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shakespear and George
Illston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th August 1869.
We, THOMAS SHAKESPEAR, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Sewing Machine Manufacturer, and GEORGE ILLSTON, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
.
Our Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in the
feeding apparatus of sewing machines. On the principal shaft of the
machine and near the rear end of the feeder we fix a disk or short
cylinder, the said shaft passing through a hole in the said disk. The said
disk is not fixed rigidly to the said shaft, but is connected thereto by
a pin crossing the shaft at right angles. The said disk is capable of
turning upon the said pin, and can be placed either in a plane at right
angles to the shaft, or inclined at a considerable. angle thereto. On the
rear under side of the feeder. is a projecting piece or knuckle, which by
means of a spring is made to bear against the said disk. The said disk
may be fixed at any required angle to the shaft by means of a screw
passing through a boss on the shaft, the said screw bearing against the.
disk near one point at its edge and a spring bearing against it at an

page_text: opposite point. The greater the inclination of the disk to the shaft the
greater the length of stitch, and the reverse. The projecting piece or
knuckle of the feeder always bearing against the disk the feeder works
noiselessly.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in the following improvements in
the ordinary feeding apparatus of sewing machines. Instead of making
the knuckle or projection on the under side of the feeder bear directly
against the feeding cam we fix an antifriction roller on the said knuckle
or projection, and make the cam work against the said roller. The anti-
friction roller may be covered with leather or other soft material. Or
we fix in the said knuckle or projection an adjustable packing against
which the cam bears. The said packing may be adjusted as it wears
away and replaced when required by a new packing.
Our Invention consists, thirdly, in making a plane on one side of
sewing machine needles, whereby the thickness of the needle above the
eye is diminished. By making the said plane on the needle greater room
is afforded for the cotton in passing through the hole formed by the
needle, there is consequently less strain on the cotton, and the sewing
is effected with greater uniformity than in machines having ordinary
needles. This part of our Invention is especially applicable to sewing
machines having rotating hooks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1869.-A communication from abroad by Carl Max
Unger, of Johann-Georgenstadt, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY
OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the use of the wooden
sleepers now employed to support the rail of the permanent way of
railways. In place of wooden sleepers, which soon decay from exposure
to the weather, iron sheets or plates are employed, or even stone blocks
or other hard and durable material which is not liable to decay from
exposure. Between the under side of the rail and the metal or stone
sleeper is placed a thick layer of woollen felt well soaked in or impreg-
nated with tar, oil, tallow, grease, stearine, wax, or other analogous or
suitable substance. The rails are held down by short screw bolts
furnished with oblong heads, which when passed down through oblong
holes in the iron sleeper and then turned round one quarter of a revo-

page_text: lution cannot be withdrawn. Nose pieces for clipping the flanges of the
rail are passed over the screwed end of the bolt, and all the parts are
firmly held down by a screw nut. If stone sleepers are employed, or if
it be desired to secure the rail down on to a primitive rock in situ, a piece
of sheet iron should be placed on the stone or rock to receive the felt,
which would otherwise be liable to be abraded by the stone. In
order to secure the rails to a rock or stone sleeper, holes must be drilled
in the stone to receive the bolts, which must be made with wedge-shaped
ends. These ends are placed in the holes in the stone, and other wedges
are placed against them so as to prevent them from being drawn out,
the clips or noses to hold down the flanges of the rail are then slipped
on to screwed ends of the bolts, and the whole are firmly screwed
together by nuts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THROSTLE SPINNING AND DOUBLING FRAMES, AND MACHINES OF LIKE CHARACTER
Year: 1869

page_text: the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1869.
I, RICHARD LAW, of the Firm of Richard and Henry Law, of Burnley,
5 in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners and Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO THROSTLE SPINNING AND DOUBLING FRAMES, AND MACHINES OF
LIKE CHARACTER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to means for preventing such waste and damage
to threads in throstle spinning and doubling frames, and machines of
like character as arises from the formation of "snarls" in the proces
of spinning and doubling, and my improvements consist in applying a
serrated hook, pin, or catch opposite each flyer to break or catch the
"snarl" as soon as it begins to form; these hooks, pins, or catches being
secured in or formed upon shafts, rods, plates, or bars attached to the

page_text: guide wire board, so that all the hooks or pins or several at a time ca
be turned, slided or moved out of the way when doffing, or for a shor
time while starting the frame, by which arrangement the abs
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Twigge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1869.
I, JOHN THOMAS TWIGGE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows, that is to say :-—
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement or construction of
velocipedes. The velocipede has one wheel only, which is composed of
two sets of spokes united together at the outer ends into one felly or
rim, and spread away from each other towards the centre of the wheel,
where each set is fixed into a separate nave or boss. In each nave or
boss a short shaft for carrying a crank arm is fixed, and from these shafts
links for supporting the seat are suspended. The cranks are connected
by links or rods to treadles so situated that the person using the velo-
cipede when seated in it applies his feet to the treadles and thereby
produces rotation of the wheel. For the purpose of braking or retarding
the velocipede a brake is applied, which consists of a lever carried on a
centre or bearing in the seat, and the lower end of which is provided

page_text: with a block which bears against the interior of the felly or rim of the
wheel, the upper part of the lever being provided with a handle by
which the operator actuates it. It is preferred to surround the rim of
the wheel with a tyre composed of elastic material, such as india-rubber.
The velocipede is steered or guided in its course by the operator, who
directs it by movements of his own body, thereby altering the position of
the centre of gravity, which is kept as low down as possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Myron John Frisbie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1869.
I, MYRON JOHN FRISBIE, of New York, United States of America,
but at present of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE
AXLES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements in axles have for their object simplicity in their
construction and economy in the cost of production, at the same time
conserving the strength or substance where most needed, and affording
additional facility for removing or attaching the wheel, which improve-
ments consist in turning or forming a groove in the arm of the axle for
the purpose of receiving a loose collar, one side of which takes a bearing
against one side of the said groove, while the reverse side is brought in
contact with a hollow or cylindrical nut, the hole of which fits over the
axle, a portion of the said nut screwing into the axle box. The enlarged
or outer part of the said nut may be formed in any shape suitable for a
wrench or key, being applied for the purpose of screwing it tightly into

page_text: the box or the removal of the wheel; by these means the box is firmly
held on the axle, and at the same time undue looseness or lateral motion
is prevented. The loose collar- may be in two or more parts, and hinged
or not, and may be made in any suitable metal or compound metal.
The front end of the box may be closed or completed with a brass or
other disc or cap to form a suitable finish on the outside of the wheel
to protect the axle from dirt or grit when the axle goes through the box.
As a modification instead of applying the split or hinged collar before
described, the said collar may be formed permanently and solidly on the
axle, forming part and parcel thereof, in which case the hollow or
cylindrical nut may be either made in one, two, or more pieces. And
the said hollow nut described as being screwed into the box may be large
enough to screw over the inner end of the box, and the said box may, if
preferred, constitute the nave or hubb of the wheel, and be constructed
with recesses for receiving the spokes.
AN IMPROVED LIFT FOR RAISING AND LOWERING MERCHANDIZE AND WEIGHTS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philipp Bogler and Heinrich
Kayser at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th April 1869.
We, PHILIPP BOGLER, Modeller and Constructor, and HEINRICH
KAYSER, Gentleman, both of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LIFT
FOR RAISING AND LOWERING MERCHANDIZE AND WEIGHTS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,"
to be as follows:-
Our improved lifting apparatus consists of four wooden columns set
in a square and united by suitable cross bars. The inner sides of these
columns form a slide wherein the lift may rise upwards and downwards
as desired. A suitable screw is provided for this purpose, the said screw
being turned by a lever or handle below, and passing through a nut
fixed to the movable platform or landing. The length of the screw
must be varied of course according to the height of the building. When
a person requires to be lifted he steps on the movable landing provided
for that purpose, and arrives after the screw has been turned a few
times to the next storcy. The screw is immediately turned back and

page_text: the lifting apparatus descends to its normal position. In the same way
the person goes from the first to the second floor, and so on.
When the apparatus is used for lifting goods it is necessary that
goods of great weight should be transported on a low carriage, which
may be easily run on and off the landings or storeys. We may add
that it is best to place the screw and the levers for turning it in the
cellar of the house or other place, from there the screw can act on the
whole apparatus.
It is obvious that this lifting apparatus offers to industry great
advantages, and in architecture and mining it may be successfully
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Mallard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1869.-A communication from abroad by the Firm of
Mallard, père, Guerriéro, and Isabel, of Paris, in the Empire of
France.
I, ADOLPHE MALLARD, of Moorgate Street, in the City of London,
Glass Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in horse-shoes whereby the
slipping unavoidable with ordinary shoes is entirely prevented, a firmer
footing is obtained, and the general efficiency of the animal increased,
while shoeing is much less often required.
The Invention consists in roughing the surface of the shoe next the
ground by forming channels or grooves therein in any suitable manner,
thus producing ridges or ribs on the surface of the shoe, which enable
the animal to obtain a firm hold of the ground at all times. These
grooves I make parallel or nearly so by preference, although they may
be made radially or in any other suitable manner. When making

page_text: parallel grooves I prefer to commence at the toe of the shoe, so as to
produce ridges extending completely across over the whole surface of
the shoe. In this manner a series of hollows or cavities are formed in
more or less number as desired. The grooves are arranged so as not to
interfere with the nail holes, which are placed at the bottom of the
grooves, and are thus protected from wear. I prefer to form the grooves
in the shoe by means of a forge hammer, but they may be otherwise
formed if desired. The shoes are made of iron, steel faced by preference,
or of other metal,
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Jackson and Thomas
Corbett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with tlieir
Petition, on the 30th April 1869.
We, FRANCIS JACKSON and THOMAS CORBETT, both of Wigan, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus employed for
lubricating the pistons and valves of steam engines, and particularly to
that class of lubricators which act by means of the condensed steam.
In one modification of our Invention we employ a receiver or vessel
fitted with a plug having a cup at the top, and bored partly down the
centre to conduct the oil into the receiver or vessel, and partly upwards
from the bottom to admit the steam and also to remove the condensed
water. The holes in this plug and also in the conical tube (inside the
receiver) in which it works are so arranged that in one position of the
handle the passage communicating from the cup with the inside of the
receiver or vessel is open and the other passages are closed. In this

page_text: position the vessel is charged with oil or tallow. A quarter of a turn of
the handle closes the first opening and opens the communication from
the lower end of the plug to the upper part of the vessel admitting the
steam, and as it condenses and falls to the bottom of the oil the latter
rises and a portion passes down the tube into the cylinder or valve box,
thus lubricating the piston or valve. A further quarter of a turn of the
handle closes this communication and opens another near the bottom of
the vessel, so as to allow the water of condensation to flow out of the
vessel. The plug is made steam tight by a metallic packing.
In another modification we employ a cup screwed or fixed on the top
of the oil vessel or receiver and having a screw valve or tap, which
opens or closes communication between the two. The valve or tap is
so arranged that when it opens the communication between the cup and
the vessel it closes the communication between the latter and the steam
tube, and vice versa. The steam tube communicates with the cylinder
or valve box, and its upper end opens inside the vessel near the top so
as to admit the steam above the oil or tallow. There is a second tube
in connection with the steam tube communicating therewith near the
top and open at the lower end, which reaches near to the bottom of
the oil vessel or receiver; this tube is for drawing off the condensed
water.
AN IMPROVED MUZZLE FOR DOGS AND OTHER QUADRUPEDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Hannart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1869.
:
I, LOUIS HANNART, of Upper Charles Street, Olerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MUZZLE FOR DOGS AND OTHER QUADRUPEDS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so construct a muzzle as to prevent
animals from biting and at the same time allow them perfect freedom to
eat and drink with the muzzle on.
The following is an example of the construction of the improved
muzzle: The muzzle is composed of a head dress made partly of an
elastic tissue or flexible material and partly of a non-elastic tissue or
material elastic transversely and non-elastic lengthwise. The object of
the elasticity is to give to animals the facility of mastication and the non-
elasticity is to give firmness to the head dress. In connection with the
above parts I employ a piece of steel proceeding from the end of the
head dress and extending along the upper part of the animal's head,

page_text: being bent at the extremity of the nose and ending under the lower jaw,
intersecting the front of the animal's snout in two equal parts. I also
employ two other pieces of steel proceeding also from the end of the head
dress, and fastened to it and extending along each side of the animal's
head under the ears, and ending with two small balls placed in a line
with the animal's teeth. When the muzzle is applied to a dog, for
example, it is fastened above the collar at about two-thirds of the length
of the neck, and is so shaped as to follow the contour of the head to
within about two-thirds of the snout. Openings are left for the eyes and
ears; the openings are provided with pieces of steel to give solidity and
elegance to the muzzle, and this applies also to the head dress. The
upper and lower parts of the muzzle are bound together with very
flexible steel springs. The muzzle thus constructed operates as follows:-
The piece of steel proceeding from the end of the head dress is bent at the
hollow part of the head from the forehead to the nose. Supposing the
animal to be in his natural position, that is to say, with his snout
horizontal, when he requires to eat he stoops his head, and by this move-
ment the aforesaid piece of steel is lifted up and is brought over the top
of his forehead, thereby uncovering his, mouth and enabling him to eat
and drink as freely as if he had no muzzle on. As soon as the dog
resumes his natural position the muzzle returns to its primitive position,
the dog being only able to bite when he stoops his head.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, BELTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Posen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1869.-A communication from abroad by Ernst Philipp
Hinkel, of Offenbach.
I, HEINRICH POSEN, of the Firm of Eduard Posen and Company,
of Offenbach, in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, Manufacturers (at present
temporarily residing at Christopher Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex), do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, BELTS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," communicated to me from abroad by Ernst Philipp Hinkel,
of Offenbach, aforesaid, to be as follows :-
The fastening is constructed in the following manner :-One portion
or member of the fastening consists of a fixed plate, block, or piece in
which is a recess or notch, and on or over this plate is another but
moveable plate which is free to work by sliding action or otherwise, in
such manner as to cover and uncover the recess or notch according to the
direction in which the plate is worked. The other member or portion
of the fastening consists of a stud, tongue, knob, or projection herein-after
to avoid repetition called "projection" only. It is of such form as to
correspond with and fit in the recess and is so arranged and situated as

page_text: to be capable of being placed in and taken out of the recess with facility
when required. When it is desired to effect the fastening the projection
is placed in the recess and the working plate is moved in such direction
as to cover or conceal the projection (and of course the recess), thereby
holding the projection in the recess, and (while in that position) prevent-
ing the fastening from being opened. But for the opening action the
working plate is moved in a reverse direction to that just described, the
projection and recess are discovered or exposed to view, and the pro-
jection is released and free to move from or to be moved out from or
lifted out of the recess. Guides and springs may be added to obtain
more efficient action.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINTING, FASTENING, AND SECURING RAILS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James McKenzie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1869.
I, JAMES MCKENZIE, of Glasgow, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINTING,
FASTENING, AND SECURING RAILS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in certain improved arrangements for jointing,
fastening, and securing rails, whereby the disadvantages attendant upon
the fish joints and keys hitherto used are avoided. The chairs employed
are constructed with a wider opening than has been usually adopted, one
of the jaws being recessed and the other being made with a slightly
inclined internal face. The respective ends of the rails by which a joint
is to be formed are placed in the chair, either on the principle of
suspension or otherwise, as may be desired, one side of the lower heads
of the rails being brought into the recess in the chair. In the hollows
of the other sides of the rails is placed a longitudinal packing plate
formed of cast or wrought iron, and between which and the inclined jaw
of the chair is or are placed a wedge or wedges formed of iron or wood.

page_text: The wedge or wedges may be placed in position either by being driven
in from above, or may be introduced horizontally between the packing
plate and the chair. The effect of the wedge or wedges is that instead of
the same being loosened by any wear or concussion or strain, the wedge
or wedges will have a tendency to descend, and thus to retain the
required efficiency. The wedge or wedges may be still further secured
by means of suitable supplementary keys or wedges, or bolts, or catches.
By these arrangements, which are applicable to intermediate chairs as
well as to those employed for joints, and in connection with any
description of sleeper, the objections which attach to the present mode of
fastening rails. by 'fish plates and keys are entirely obviated, whilst a
considerable.saving in cost is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FERMENTED LIQUORS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis John Bolton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1869.
I, FRANCIS JOHN BOLTON, of 35, Belgrave Road, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, a Major in Her Majesty's Army, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF FERMENTED LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of such liquors as have under-
gone vinous fermentation, such, for example, as the extract of malt
combined with hops, and similar to that employed for the production.
of beer.
In brewing, in order to obtain a product known as beer, it is necessary.
to employ a considerable quantity of water, so that the products of
fermentation together with the extraction and the unfermented matters
shall be sufficiently dilute as to be potable. Thus the product or beer
contains a very large per-centage of water, and in consequence the
transit of such commodity becomes exceedingly expensive, and owing.

page_text: to the state of dilution acetous fermentation rapidly takes place, more
especially in hot climates.
Now my Invention relates to the treatment of such fermented liquors
in order that their conservation may be better attained, and that the
transit of the alimentary constituents may be rendered less expensive,
and consists in subjecting such fermented liquors to a process of dis-
tillation, either in vacuo, or in what is known as a coffee still, or
otherwise, in such a manner as that the more volatile portions of the
distillation shall firstly be collected, and that the intermediate or
aqueous portion shall be separated therefrom, and that the final together
with the residual or non-volatile portions shall be separately collected,
in order that the whole or such portion of the aqueous constituents of
the fermented liquor originally under treatment may be separated as
may be considered advisable.
The several distillates thus obtained, videlicet, the more volatile, the
intermediate, and the final, together with the residuum may be retained
separately, or any two or more may be mixed together as desired.
When it is desired to produce a potable beverage a mixture con-
sisting of the more volatile, the less volatile, and the residuum may be
employed, and after the addition of either distilled or other water, and by
preference after thorough incorporation, carbonic acid gas is to be passed
through the solution, either at the ordinary or at an increased pressure,
and after subsidence, if necessary, the product will be found suitable for
potable purposes. Instead of employing, as has been before mentioned,
firstly water, and subsequently carbonic acid, water impregnated with
carbonic acid gas may be at once employed, and the beverage be thus
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASES TO BE EMPLOYED WITH BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS TO RENDER THEM AVAILABLE FOR USE WITH ORDINARY LOOSE AMMUNITION
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tom Bell Burns at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1869.
I, TOM BELL BURNS, of Camelford, in the County of Cornwall,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASES TO BE EMPLOYED WITH BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS TO RENDER THEM AVAILABLE FOR USE WITH ORDINARY LOOSE
AMMUNITION," to be as follows:-
Heretofore the cases which have been used for holding the charge
to make breech-loading fire-arms available for the use of ordinary loose
ammunition must first be capped and then loaded from the muzzle;
the capping previous to loading is dangerous, and to load from the
muzzle necessitates the carriage of a ramrod, both being great dis-
advantages. Now the object of my Invention is to overcome these defects,
for by the use of cases constructed according to my Invention they can
be loaded in the hand with ordinary loose ammunition, then inserted in
the breech, and finally capped, or may, if preferred, be loaded from the
muzzle. I form that portion of the case for containing the ammunition
of a very thin case or shell of metal, by preference of or about the thirty-

page_text: second part of an inch in thickness, by this means the case when inserted
in the breech piece of the fire-arm imperceptibly decreases the size of
the breech end of the bore; the ammunition can be readily introduced
from the muzzle if desired, or when the case is loaded in the hand the
charge when inserted in the breech as nearly as may be fills up the bore.
The base of the case is solid, with a portion cut out to receive an
ordinary gun nipple to carry the cap. The base of the internal chamber
may be either flat or concave. I prefer to make my improved cases of
gun metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT OF CAST IRON FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL THEREFROM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th May 1869. A communication from abroad by William Maclay
Lyon, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF CAST IRON FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL THEREFROM,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in mixing with molten cast iron pulverized
carbonaceous matter, either alone or together with pulverized oxides, in
such proportions and in such a manner as to produce at once a solid
conglomerate mass of such cast iron and carbonaceous matter, which is
then treated in a furnace, either with or without the addition of
oxidizing substances, for the production of either wrought iron or steel
therefrom.
For effecting the requisite intimate mixture of the molten cast iron
and the carbonaceous matter means may be employed similar to those

page_text: described in the Specification to my Patent of the 23rd Nov. 1868,
No. 3565, for the admixture of pulverized oxides with molten cast iron,
such as by causing a stream of the cast iron to impinge upon a stream of
the pulverized carbonaceous matter.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN KNOBS FOR DOORS, BEDSTEADS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1869.
I, THOMAS MOORE, of the Firm of Moore, Brothers, of Aston; near
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cabinet Brassfounders, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KNOBS FOR DOORS, BEDSTEADS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows
(that is to say):
My improvements are mainly applicable to knobs principally made
of plastic material, such as china, glass, or such like material, and
consist in forming the necessary metal shank secured to the base of
such knobs (and through which the spindle or male screw passes when
in use) by the process of drawing, in all cases preserving a round central
hole or orifice for receiving the male screw or spindle, while the exterior
I finish by preference of a square form. In some cases, such as for
door knobs, I vary the shape of the shank, so as to give a greater sub-
stance to the side or part through which a lateral screw is inserted for
holding the knob on the spindle. Shanks thus formed I purpose cutting

page_text: off at given lengths, and uniting the same concentrically to a plate of
metal cast, stamped, or raised for clipping the base of the knob, which
plate has a perforation formed in it for receiving the said shank. By
these simple improvements uniform shape and accuracy can be ensured
'between the recess in the moulded knob for receiving such shank, thus
preventing any loose motion between the metal tapped shank connected
with the knob and the knob itself when in use, producing a superior
article at less cost than the modes generally adopted.
AN IMPROVED COFFIN AND MODE OF AND MEANS POR PRESERVING DEAD BODIES THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Daniel Nietscke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1869.
I, JOHN DANIEL NIETSCKE, of Somerset, in the County of Perry,
and State of Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COFFIN AND MODE OF AND
MEANS POR PRESERVING DEAD BODIES THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention has relation to the preservation of defunct bodies, and
consists mainly in constructing a gas-tight coffin with suitable arrange-
ments for exhausting the air therefrom, and for the introduction of
antiseptics in the form of gas and vapors, and in throughly saturating
the bodies in such coffin with such antiseptics. The coffin is constructed
in the usual form, but all its joints or spaces between the timbers and
also around the tubes herein-after mentioned are closely and tightly
packed with wax or other suitable substance to render the coffin gas-
tight. In the lid of this coffin I arrange an apparatus for introducing
gas and vapor, and for exhausting and excluding air. This arrangement
consists mainly in an outer tube passing through the lid and an inner
tube that screws tightly within the outer tube up and down. I drill.
holes through these tubes respectively, through which when placed

page_text: contiguous to each other gas and vapors may be forced into the coffin
and the air may be pumped therefrom. The aperture through the tubes
is closed by turning the inner tube so as to break the connection between
the openings in the respective tubes. The body to be preserved is placed
in the coffin, the air therein is exhausted, and the body thoroughly
saturated with antiseptics in the form of gas and vapors.