IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING, WRINGING, MANGLING, AND CHURNING."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Hornsby, junior, of Spittlegate Iron Works,
Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING, WRINGING, MANGLING, AND CHURNING."
ROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Hornsby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
July 1861.
1, RICHARD HORNSBY, junior, of Spittlegate Iron Works, Grantham, in
the County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING, WRINGING, MANGLING, AND CHURN
ING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for washing,
wringing, mangling, and churning. In constructing washing machines such
as are described in the Specification of the Patent granted to me, and dated
10th October 1860, No. 2468, and other washing machines which consist of
a tub or vessel mounted on axes so as to turn or swing thereon, in place of
attaching a handle for working the machine to the tub itself, as is usual, I fix
two handles on the axes of the tub outside the frame or standard by which
the axis is carried; the handles project upwards from the axis, and are placed
at an angle of about 45° the one to the other. This arrangement enables the
person using the machine without stooping (by passing the handles from hand
[Price Sd.]

page_text: to hand) to swing the tub through a much larger are than that through which
it would be possible to swing it (without bending the body) with handles such
as heretofore employed. In washing machines of this description difliculty is
experienced in fitting the lid of the tub water-tight. For this purpose I make
the joint between the lid and the tub with felt or other soft material, and to
force the lid in contact with the tub I place lugs on the tub inclined on the
under side, and I employ a cross bar also inclined at the ends, and which, to
fix the lid, is placed thereon and turned round so that its end passes under
the lugs, the inclines then press it down on to the lid; or other arrangement
of inclines or wedges may be substituted for that above described, or screws
may be used in place of wedges.
It is common to combine with washing machines, mangling machines
consisting of a pair of rollers running lengthways of the machine; now, in
order to keep the upper roller down towards the lower, I employ the following
arrangement of apparatus:-At the bottom of the framing of the machine,
and at each end thereof, two horizontal shafts are mounted; each of these has
a short arm on it, and rods connect these arms with the axis of the upper
roller. Each of the horizontal shafts at one end carries a long lever weighted
at its further end; the weighted levers (which draw the rollers together) are
by this arrangement made to pass lengthways of the machine; they do not,
therefore, interfere when it is desired to pass the machine through narrow
doorways or openings, and the use of levers projecting at the upper part of- the
machine is also avoided, when levers so projecting are employed they are
found to be very much in the way; this arrangement for pressing two mangling
rollers together is applicable for mangling apparatus which is not combined
with washing machinery. In mangling apparatus, both when combined with
washing machinery and when made separately, the rollers have heretofore
been in some cases pressed together by a spring placed over the rollers in
place of by weights and levers. I also in some cases employ a spring, but
the spring heretofore employed has been of metal; whereas that which I employ
for the purpose is of wood, which is both cheaper and more durable. Here-
tofore were mangling apparatus has been combined with washing machinery,
the mangling or pressing rollers have generally, though not invariably, been
made of wood; now according to my Invention I make them of metal, and
hollow, and arrange gas burners within them to heat them, when required;
these rollers may be used when cold to press the water out of the fabrics
immediately they come out of the washing machine, and afterwards when
heated to complete the mangling of the articles.
So much of the arrangements herein-before described as relate to the

page_text: application of the handles to washing machines, and to securing the lids thereof;
is also applicable to churns in which the vessel for containing the cream is
arranged to swing on axes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters, Patent, filed
by the said Richard Hornsby in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th January 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; 1. RICHARD
HORNSBY, junior, of Spittalgate Iron Works; Grantham: inthe County of'
Lincoln, send greeting.
ba
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria. by Her Letters:
Patent, bearing-date the Eighth day of July: in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign;
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said.
Richard Hornsby. Her special licence that I, the said Richard Hornsby..
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Richard Hornsby, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to. time and at all times there--
after during the term therein expressed, should..and lawfully might make;
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVE..
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING, WRINGING, MANGLING, AND CHURNING," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Hornsby, my exe
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their; or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed; and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office..
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said...
Letters Patent.
...[
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Richard Hornsby, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be..per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and; by the following.
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery(for washing,
wringing, mangling, and churning.
as are described in the Specification of the Patent granted to me. and dated 1
10th October 1860, No. 2468, and other washing machines which consist of
In constructing washing unchines sucli

page_text: a tub or vessel mounted on axes so as to turn or swing thereon in place of
attaching a handle for working the machine to the tub itself, as is usual, 1 fix
two handles on the axis of the tub outside the frame or standard by which the
axis is carried; the handles project upwards from the axis, and are placed at
an angle of about 45° the one to the other. This arrangement enables the
person using the machine, without stooping (by passing the handles from hand
to hand) to swing the tub through a much larger arc than that through which
it would be possible to swing it (without bending the body) with handles such
as heretofore employed.
Figure 1 is an end view, and Figure 2 a side view, of a washing machine
of such a construction; it consists of a cast-iron frame a, mounted on four
wheels a, a', and at the top of the frame is mounted the wringing and
mangling apparatus; c is the washing tub mounted on axes d, d, carried by
the frame. The interior of the tub 1 prefer to be arranged precisely in the
manner described in the Specification of my former Patent, before referred to;
this may, however, be varied. e, e, are the two handles I employ in lieu of
the single handle heretofore made use of; the employing two handles in this
manner greatly facilitates the working the machine.
In washing machines of this description, that is to say, in which the tub or
washing vessel is mounted on axes so as to turn or swing thereon, difliculty is
experienced in fitting the lid of the tub water-tight. For this purpose, I make
the joint between the lid and the tub with felt or other soft material, and to
force the lid in contact with the tub, 1 place lugs on the tub inclined on the
under side, and 1 employ a cross bar, also inclined at the ends, and which, to.
fix the lid, is placed thereon, and turned round, so that its ends pass under
the lugs, the inclines then press it down on to the lid. This arrangement is
clearly shewn at Figures 3 and 4, which are respectively a vertical section and
a plan of the tub c. In these Figures, c', c, are the lugs fixed to the top of
the tub; c is the cover of the tub, and between it and the edges of the
aperture in the top of the tub, felt is interposed. c is an upright stem or axis;
it is connected to the cover, but can turn freely, and has the cross bar c' fixed
on it. The connection between the cover c and the stem is made by fixing
a collar on the stem, and enclosing it between the two parts, in which the
cover is made as the Drawing shews; c is a handle for turning the stem c³
and cross bar c. When the latter is turned into the position in which it is
shewn in the Drawing, the cover becomes secured water-tight, it being firmly
jammed down by the inclined ends of the cross bar acting against the inclines
on the lugs.
The parts of my Invention herein-before described are also applicable to

page_text: churns, in which the vessel for containing the cream is arranged to swing on
axes. Other arrangement of inclines or wedges may be substituted for that
above described; or screws may be used in place of wedges. It is common to
combine with washing machines mangling machines, consisting of a pair of
rollers running lengthways of the machine. Now, in order to keep the upper
roller down towards the lower, I employ the following arrangement of appa-,
ratus: At the bottom of the framing of the machine, and at each end thereof.
two horizontal shafts are mounted: each of these has a short arm on it, and
rods connect these arms with the axis of the upper roller. Each of the
horizontal shafts at one end carries a long lever, weighted at its furt
its further an
the weighted levers (which draw the rollers together) are by "this" arrangement
made to pass lengthways of the machine; they do not, therefore, interfere
30 9110199
when it is desired to pass the machine through narrow doorways or openings,
1919
and the use of levers projecting at the upper part of the machine is also
avoided. When levers so projecting are employed, they are found to be very
much in the way.
end:
1991
bo r
Figure 5 is an end view, and Figure 6 a front view. of a washing machine,
having mangling rollers combined therewith. to which this improvement is
applied. a is the frame of the machine: it carries in bearings the two
mangling rollers f. f. the upper one of which is capable of rising and falling
vertically. The lower roller is driven by the train of wheels
and
11177 11:30
the first of these is mounted on the axis of the roller, the two intermediate.
viz., g and g³ on a stud axis carried by the frame, and the last which has
a handle wheel h attached to it, so that it can be rotated by hand on another
stud similarly carried. The two rollers are geared together by the spur
wheels i, i, the teeth of which are made long, so that they may remain in gear,,,
notwithstanding the rising and falling of the top roller. In on axis
WHEN the.
of the top roller grooyes are formed, and bars j, j. pass over partly around.
these bosses and the grooves in which they lay. Each of these bars, at, its
ends has screw threads cut upon it, and passes through holes in the T-piece .
beyond which the ends of the bar receive nuts. The T-pieces
jointed
to short arms on the horizontal axes m, which are carried on suitable
bearings at each end of the machine near the bottom of the framing. Each
axis has also a long arm n. fixed on it; these pass along the front and back of
the machine respectively; their ends pass through guides a formed in the
frame, and beyond these guides they receive weights o, which, as will he seen.
tend to draw together the mangling rollers. I would remark that this
arrangement for pressing two mangling rollers together is applicable for
mangling apparatus which is not combined with washing machinery.

page_text: J: T
In mangling apparatus, both when combined with washing. machinery and
when made separately the rollers, have heretofore been, in some cases pressed
together by a spring placed over the rollers in place of by weights and levers.
I also, in some cases, employ a spring, but the spring heretofore employed has
been of metal, whereas that which I employ for the purpose is of wood, which
is both cheaper and more durable.
This arrangement is shown in Figures 1 and 2; in these Figures the parts
marked f, g, g', &c., and i are similar to the parts marked with the same
letters in Figures 5 and 6. p is a wooden spring for pressing the upper
mangling roller towards the lower; its ends rest on the bearings of the upper
roller, and can be made to give any desired amount of downward pressure
thereto, by screwing down more or less the adjusting screw q. on which the
abst to th
centre of the spring bears. It is preferred to make the spring p of lancewood.
Heretofore, where mangling apparatus has been combined with washing
machinery, the mangling or pressing rollers have generally, though not
invariably,
béén
made of wood. Now, according to my Invention, 1 make
them of metal and hollow, and I arrange gas burners within them to heat
them when required; these rollers may be used, when cold. to press the water
out of the fabrics immediately they come out of the washing machine, and
afterwards, when heated, to complete the mangling of the articles.
In Figures and 6, the mangling rollers are shewn to be of metal and
hollow, and they are heated by gas burners, as above mentioned. The axes
f. f, of the mangling rollers are made hollow, and they are perforated with
fine holes "at distances apart; these holes serve as burners for gas, which is
admitted to the ends of the hollow axes by flexible tubes r, r, and these have
unions, which connect these tubes with the axes in such a manner as not
to interfere with the rotation of the latter. is a bracket from the frame for
supporting "the unions, the upper one of which it allows to rise and fall with
its roller.
Ih witness whereof. I, the said Richard Hornsby, have hereunto set my
land and seal, this Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Eine no boin..
RD HORNSBY Jr
RD HORNSBY J (1)