A BUILDING OF A PECULIAR CONSTRUCTION FOR THE PURPOSE OF BURNING COKE AND LIME, WHEREBY THE SUPER- FLUOUS HEAT OF THE FIRE USED, IN BURNING THE COKE IS APPLIED TO BURN THE LIME, AND ALSO WHEREBY SUCH FIRE MAY BE RENDERED PERPETUAL, WHICH I THEREIN DENOMINATED THE UNION AND PERPETUAL KILN
Year: 1809

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GRELLIER, of Aldboro Hatch, in the Parish of Barking, in the County of
Essex, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His Most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing dato at Westminster, the Thirteenth day of
February, in the forty-ninth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said James Grellier, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His special licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Grellier, my exors,
admors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, upon Invention of "A BUILDING OF A PECULIAR
CONSTRUCTION FOR THE PURPOSE OF BURNING COKE AND LIME, WHEREBY THE SUPER-
FLUOUS HEAT OF THE FIRE USED, IN BURNING THE COKE IS APPLIED TO BURN THE
LIME, AND ALSO WHEREBY SUCH FIRE MAY BE RENDERED PERPETUAL, WHICH I THEREIN
DENOMINATED THE UNION AND PERPETUAL KILN;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said James Grellier, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within five calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,

page_text: as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Grellier, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained as follows, that is to say:-
I do construct my kiln or building of brick or other fit materials for works
of this or the like nature with compartments, spaces, or chambers therein, for
the purposes of burning coal to convert the same into coke, and of burning or
igniting lime stone or other calcareous bodies to convert the same into quick-
lime And I do make one or more of the said compartments, spaces, or
chambers respectively of the form of the common coke oven, or of any other
form and convenient size which may be adopted for burning coal and convert-
ing the same into coke; and I do burn my coal therein separately and apart
from the lime stone or other calcareous bodies which are to be converted into
quicklime in my said kiln or building; and from the said compartments, spaces,
or chambers, last mentioned, I do make or cause the usual flucs to proceed.
And I further do make one or more, but in general one only, of the com-
partments, spaces, or chambers of my said kiln or building conical or cylin-
drical, or of such a figure and convenient size as may be adapted for burning
and igniting limestones or other calcareous bodies therein, for the purpose
aforesaid, as in the common line kiln. And I do direct or lead the said flues
into the compartiment, space, or chamber, or compartments, spaces, or chambers
last mentioned, in order that the heat from the coke oven or ovens may act
upon limestone or other calcareous bodies which I do place within the said
compartments, space, or chamber, or compartments, spaces, or chambers, and
may convert the same limestone or other calcareous bodies into lime. And I do
farther declare that the relative positions or situations of the parts of my said
kiln or building, and also the respective dimensions of tho said parts, do admit
of very considerable variation, concerning which it is not needful to give farther
explanations to persons sufficiently acquainted with the construction of line
kilns, but that it is expedient and necessary that the coke oven or ovens should
be so placed or disposed that the draught from the flues thereof may proceed
upwards through the said limestone or other calcareous bodies with sufficient
rapidity and effect, and that the space or spaces which in my said Invention
are appropriated to answer the purpose of the lime kiln, should be only disposed
above the said flues; and the said flues may be made to enter into the lime kiln,
compartment, space, or chamber through the bottom or floor thereof, the lime

page_text: being prevented from descending or subsiding as low as the said bottom or
floor by an arched grating or support constructed of iron bars, or of brickwork,
or other proper material or otherwise. The said flues may communicate
through the sides of the said compartment, space, or chamber, and by that
means communicate the heat to burn or ignite all the limestone or other
calcareous bodies which may lie or be disposed above the level of the said
places of communication. And in that.construction before described wherein
the lime is supported by an iron grating or other structure, the burned lime is
to be drawn (after the coke ovens have been discharged) through doors or
quarters made just above the said iron grating or other structure; and in the
other construction before described, wherein the flues communicate through
the sides of the compartment, space, or chamber containing the lime, I con-
tinue the said compartment, space, or chamber several feet below the commu-
nications from the said flues, and do draw out the burned lime at the bottom
in the same manner as is done with regard to a common limo kiln; and
accordingly, in consequence of the peculiar construction herein-before described
of my said building, called the union and perpetual kiln, it is practicable and
easy to charge the said compartments, spaces, or chambers intended to answer
the purpose of coke ovens, repeatedly with coal, for the purpose of converting
the same into coke, and to charge the compartments, spaces, or chambers
intended to answer the purpose of a limo kiln or kilns repeatedly with limestone
or other calcareous bodies for the purpose of converting the same into quick-
lime, and also to draw out the said coke and quicklime at the proper periods,
so as to continue the said operations of coke making and lime burning per-
petually during any length of time which may be required. And, lastly, I do
declare, that although the positions, situations, and dimensions of the parts of
my said kiln or building may be varied, as herein-before mentioned, and yet I
do give the preference to coke ovens of an eliptical form so disposed in the
lower part of a circular building that the longest diameters of the elipses may
respectively be in radii in one of the horizontal sections of the said building,
and the mouths of the said ovens may open externally, and the flues may com-
municate internally with one lime kiln having the axis thereof perpendicular
to the horizon and concident with the axis of the building itself.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Grellier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and nine.
JAMES GRELLIER. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of July, 1809, the
aforesaid James Grellier came before our Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the Statutes made for that
purpose.
purpose.
Inrolled the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and nine.