Improvements in Apparatus or Means for Hardening and Tempering Metals.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 6th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 15th Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in Apparatus or Means for Hardening and
Tempering Metals.
I, WILLIAN HOLLAND of Grantham Road Sparkbrook in the City of Birming-
ham, Manager of Works do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention pertains to apparatus or means for hardening and tempering steel
and iron, or steel and iron articles principally clectrically, and which articles may
comprise umbrella ribs, stretchers, wire lengths, knitting pins, needles, strips
lengths, cycle wheel-spokes, and other like articles, or lengths, strips or plates of
metals.
In operating electrically the apparatus or means consists essentially in feeding
the said articles, lengths or strips, upon rotating carriers, or upon rotating carriers
provided with jaws, seats, rests or their equivalents, and passing, in the first case,
heating currents, through one of the carriers, thence through the articles under
treatment to the other carrier, each article forming a connection between the said
rotating carriers, one of which would be connected to positive and the other to the
negative pole of battery. This when a constant potential is used, and is known as
parallel working.
'In the second case, an electrical heating current is passed through the jaws, seats
or rests, which are insulated from the carriers, and through the articles or lengths
held or supported by them in a continuous and zig-zag manner which I call series
working.
In this latter arrangement, I propose that the contact piece should be yielding,
and cover or make contact with two of the said jaws or rests in a progressive manner,
and at the same time, in manner that the contact piece, on the leaving the one jaw
or rest, is making contact with the next, and so on.
In carrying out my invention in connection with parallel working, I take two
metal discs, and connect the same together by a middle shaft or axis, preferably
insulated from the said plates, which are arranged face to face, and at distances
apart equal to the length of the articles to be carried, rotated, and subsequently
hardened and tempered as hereinafter described.
The peripheries of the said disc are notched gapped or recessed, wherein the
articles to be carried round rest, while situated immediately above the carrier is a
hopper, with a gravitating or mechanical feed, which delivers the articles to the
peripheries of the carriers, which are rotated by mechanical or other means, and
with the lower portions turning within a tank or reservoir of oil or other cooling
liquid or material.
The articles under operation cross the carrier from one plate to the other, which
are respectively connected with the positive and negative poles of a battery or
dynamo.
Thus in hardening and tempering short lengths of wire, the said lengths are fed
upon the periphery of the carrier wheel, which is continuously or intermittently
rotated, and immediately the said wires or lengthis make contact, the electric current
passes through them, and as the rotation of the carriers progress so the heat
increases to a maximum degree, when the same are then immersed or passed into
the oil, water or other suitable liquid, and cooled thereby, and on the receedance of
the said articles, the tempering is performed by the passage of the currents again
through the said articles, for a determinate period, when the same are removed
or thrown from the carrier by mechanical or other means, and the said articles
tempered to the required degree.
Thus when using constant tension the current may be lead first into one disc of

page_text: the carrier, then through the articles to the other disc leading to a pole of the
battery or dynamo, and the rotation of the said carrier, and the dipping of the
articles in the liquid, and consequent hardening, and the subsequent repassing of
the current through the articles, gives the desired temper.
In carrying out my invention, in connection with series working, I take two
circular plates or discs, separated from each other by any desired space, and mount
the same upon an axis or shaft.
wires or the like
These discs or plates are provided or fitted with jaws, seats or rests, insulated
from the carrier, and with the said jaws, seats or rests, being brought con-
secutively into contact with the heating current, so that on
being fed to or upon the said jaws or rests, from a hopper or other feed, the
current passes, first from one jaw or rest carried by one disc, through the wire to
the other jaw or rest carried by the other disc, then from the last named jaw to a
jaw above it on the same disc, then through the wire to the other jaw of the other
disc, and so on in a continuous and circuitous manner, and as the said wires
approach the cooling liquid on the rotation of the carrier, they acquire a
maximum temperature, and they then pass into the liquid, become cooled and
hardened thereby, and by their receedance out of the liquid, they again become
heated by the repassage of the current until they acquire the necessary temperature
for tempering, when the same are displaced or removed by mechanical or other
means.
'When carried by jaws at the same time as the wires expand by the heat, a
lateral pressure is given to the said jaws, by springs for the purpose of taking
up the expansion due to the heating, and so preventing the wires etc. from
curving.
Where the ends of wires or articles require to be left soft, the points of grip are
drawn towards the centre of wire the required distance and the ends projecting
past the jaws are left in the original untempered position.
In case, in the feeding an an article or wire is left out, a third or supplementary
disc is arranged, on which are mounted resistances, which act as bye-paths to the
current, hence the prevention of the current being intermittently broken.
As a further form of means for preventing the currents being broken, in the
case of mis-feeds, an insulated jaw upon one of the carrying discs is connected to
the jaw below it on the other carrying disc by a wire, whilst the jaw itself is
connected by a bye path, through coil or the like to the jaw below it, on the same
disc, and so on through the series, so that the current enters from a positive pole
of the battery, through a connection, to a jaw on the left hand side of the carrier,
and from that jaw, through the article under operation, to the jaw on the right
hand side of the carrier, and from thence through a pass wire to the jaw below the
first named, on the left hand side of the carrier, and from thence through a
connection to the bye path, an should an article be omitted, then the current will
pass to the vacant jaws, through the pass wire bye path to the next series of jaws,
which are provided with articles through which the current is passed.
As a still further form it may be arranged that the jaws shall, when unoccupied,
complete the circuit by coming in contact with conductors or rollers, which are
themselves connected with pass wires so that in case of a mis-feed, they complete
the circuit, as would otherwise be done through the intervention of the article
under treatment.
The releasing of the articles, after the required temper is acquired, may be
performed by a tappet lever, arm, or the like, so as to relieve the pressure of the
said jaws from the articles, when the same are pushed off.
The bye path disc is immersed in a water bath, to keep the same cool.
As still another form of my invention, I harden and temper by subjecting the
articles under treatment to the immediate action of radiant heat evolved from an
incandescent grid, or zig-zag grating wherethrough a heating current is passed.
In carrying out this form I mount within an open bottomed chamber or heat
reverberator, made of fire-brick or other non conductor, chain gear, consisting of

page_text: chain wheels provided with an endless chain, upon which, the articles are laterally
fed, and transported between the underside of the said reverberator, and the
incandescent grid or grating.
The said reverberator is in shape alike unto an inverted trough, and with the
chain gearing running within the same, so that on the current being passed through
the grid, the same becomes incandescent, and the articles passed between it, are
hardened and tempered to the required degree.
By such means, the heat generated from the grid can be applied most advan-
tageously as desired.
Instead of acquiring heat, in the last form of my invention, by electrical current,
I may employ Bunsen or other gas burners, arranged in the same positions as the
grids would take in the electrical method.
1000
WILLIAM HOLLAND,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus or Means for Hardening and
Tempering Metals.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND of Grantham Road, Sparkbrook in the City of
Birmingham, Manager of Works do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention pertains to apparatns or means for hardening and tempering steel
and iron, or steel and iron articles, electrically, and which articles may comprise
umbrella ribs, stretchers, wire lengths, knitting pins, needles, strip lengths, cycle
wheel spokes, and other like articles, or lengths, strips or plates of metal.
Figure of the accompanying drawing represents, partly in longitudinal vertical
section, and partly in elevation, a machine or an apparatus employed in the
hardening and tempering of iron and steel articles electrically, and which machine
or apparatus is constructed, arranged, fitted and provided according to that part
of my invention relating to serial working, and is adapted for hardening and
tempering long lengths of wire, such as are employed in making unbrella ribs,
and stretchers, knitting needles, cycle and other wheel spokes and other articles of
a kindred nature.
The machine, apparatus or appliance thus shown consists essentially of three
parallel discs, disposed at suitable distances apart, and collectively made fast to a
turning axis, which is speeded or driven from any source of power.
The discs are insulated from metallic contact with the gripping, holding and
other appliances carried by them, whilst the left hand disc of the three discs, forms,
as it were, a carrier for resistance coils, which take up or keep constant the
heating property of the current in the event of a wire or other article being
omitted in the feed, which is, in this machine, performed by hand.
The lower portions of the discs, and the gripping levers and the cognate parts
carried by them, are shown immersed within a tank or reservoir of oil or other
cooling liquid, which reduces the wires from a maximum to a minimum temperature,
and on recedance of the said wires, as hereinafter described, they again become
heated to a given or known temperature, according to the temper required, and are
then allowed to fall out of position, or are ejected.
Wires are shown crossing from one working carrier disc to the other, and with
the same being held at their extreme ends through the intervention of automatic-
acting gripping devices, which are released by ends of the said gripping devices
coming in contact with planes or curved surfaces lying within the paths of portions
of the said gripping means.

page_text: Figure 2 represents (upon an enlarged scale) an outside portion of the disc
carrier of the resistance bye-path coils shown in complete side elevation in Figure 3
(which latter is upon the same scale as Figure 1). The said Figure 3 shows the
dispositions of the resistance coils, which are equal in number to the articles to be
brought under operation.
Thus, the present appliance is adapted to act upon 10 articles at the same time,
and twelve bye-paths are arranged to respectively take up the current which should
have passed through any one, two or more wires omitted in the feed, hence the
equalization of the heat evolved.
Figure represents an end elevation of the right hand end of the machine, with
the oil or cooling tank shown in section. The right hand disc of this end of the
machine is fitted dilatation jaws, which both hold the article upon one side of the
appliance under operation, and, at the same time, automatically extend their grips,
according to the amount of longitudinal distension or dilatation, or in other words,
the said jaws, besides holding the articles upon one side of the machine in position,
take up the expansion of the said articles, so as to prevent curving, buckling or
distortion.
Figure 5 represents a side elevation partly in section of the left hand end
of the machine, showing primarily, the gripping or rocking jaws, which both
grip and hold the articles under operation, and also form the mediums of both con-
veying the current in a serial manner, and also, in case of a miss in feed, for the
conveying of the current through a bye-path, so as to keep the heating power of
the current through the articles constant.
The said view also shows in section, the contact plate, and the relative positions
of the jaws to it.
Figure 6 represents, upon an enlarged scale, one of the dilatation jaws, and
also an edge portion of the disc by which it is carried.
Figure 7 represents a front elevation of the said last-named jaw, which is of a
compound order, and is adapted to automatically grip one end of an article, at the
same time that the other end is automatically gripped by the other and rocking
jaw or lever.
Figure 8 represents partly in elevation and partly in vertical section, a rocking
or gripping jaw upon an enlarged scale, and carried by the disc at the left hand end
of the machine. The said view also shows in section, the outer end of the carrier
disc, and the connections of the bye-path.
Figure 9 is a side elevation of the said rocking lever Figure 8, and Figure 10
represents one of the bearing faces of the left-hand carrier disc, and how the same
is insulated from the said disc by the interposition of felt, ebonite or other like
non-conducting material.
Figure 11 represents a diagrammatic view of a plan of the machine, showing the
electrical connections of the various component parts in circuit, and setting forth
more clearly the dispositions of the conducting wires of the bye-paths.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the Figures 1 to 11
of the drawings.
a, band. c are carrier discs or wheels, made fast to and carried by a common
axis d, whose outer ends are supported by, and work within upright bracket
bearings e, e¹, carried from the upper side of an oil or other cooling tank f, located
immediately under the said appliance, and in such a position that portions of the
outer parts of the discs dip within, or pass through the cooling liquid. The disc a,
carries or has fitted near the edge of its circumference, a series of dilatation jaws
or gripping devices g, each adapted to take up expansion of the articles under
electrical treatment for hardening and tempering, and at the same time, to auto-
matically grip and release the said articles, on the same reaching determinate
points of its traverse.
Thus, g is a lower jaw, centred upon a pin or axis g³, carried by, and made fast
to a bracket g³, whose stem or neck 9, (see Figure 7) is fixed within an insulated
bearing 9, passing through, and carried by a carrier disc a, near its circumference,

page_text: escribed,
so that the said jaw g', which carries an upper jaw as hereinafter
capable of moving or turning in the plane of the longer direction of the article
to be gripped so as to admit of taking up expansion and gripping at the
same time.
Thus, the axis g, has a coiled spring 9, around it, with one end 9', connected to
the said pin or axis, and the other end 98, taking into the metal of the jaw g'. The
other or upper jaw 9, turns upon a pin or axis 910, carried by the upper
extension g, of the lower jaw g¹, so that both the upper and lower jaws are capable
of moving independently and in opposite directions upon their axes, for gripping,
and of moving collectively upon the lower axis g, for taking up expansion.
The gripping faces of the jaws are marked g¹ and g³, so that as the top jaw
moves in the direction of the arrow, the grip is released as shown, but when moved
in the reverse direction by the action of a spring ", whose ends are respectively
connected to the jaw go and axis 9, one end 2 of a wire h, is automatically
gripped, as represented in Figure 6.
It may be observed that the spring 9, is for the purpose of bringing the
compound jaw back to its normal position, on the contraction of the article being
held.
The taking of the upper jaw from its gripping position is performed by the
inside presented face gls, of it, coming against or upon a projecting plane i, having
a lead, and carried by arms 2, and coming within the path of the said face 9, and
which arms, are carried by a bridge frame i¹, connected to the oil tank f, so that as
the upper jaw comes within the path of the said plane i, the same is turned upon its
axis g, and made to take an ungripped position as in Figure 7. Then immediately
the said upper jaw is clear of the projecting plane i, the spring 94, immediately
turns the same upon its axis, and automatically nips the end 2 of the wire h,
between the gripping faces g13, g¹³.
It will be seen that the projecting plane i, comprehends a distance equal to three
gripping jaws, so that three out of the twelve are out of their gripping positions at
the same time.
The carrier disc b, at the other end of the machine or appliance, is fitted with a
series of rocking jaw levers j, to the number of twelve, equal to the number of
gripping jaws on the disc a, and each rocking lever, with its auxiliary parts, consists
of an arm, fitted with a roller, at its extreme outer end, and turning about a
centre or axis j, carried by, and passing through, an insulator directed through the
carrier disc b, near its periphery (best seen in Figure 8). The head or upper end,
has a gripping face ja, adapted to take upon and grip the other end h2, of the wire h,
under treatment, and which gripping takes place between the said nipping face,
and the disc bearing faces, insulated at 10, from metallic contact with the said
disc b.
Surrounding the axis j, is a coiled spring ", for automatically bringing back the
acting jaw of the rocking grip upon the end of the wire h.
Situated within the paths of the rollers j³, of the rocking jaw levers j, is an
elevated plane, or a fixed and skeleton cam k, upon which the rollered ends come,
and rock the jaw levers backwards, and release their grip upon the article being
held, and which releasing is in unison with the releasing on the other end of the
machine.
This cam surface lying within the paths of the rocking jaw levers, when the same
are in their normal and gripping positions, is carried by a bridge bracket m, secured
at its base ends to the oil and cooling liquid tank f.
When a wire is fed, the grips of the jaws of both and g are opened, and held so
by the roller at the tail end of the lever coming upon the cam k; then as the
traverse from right to left and in the direction of the dotted arrow is performed,
the said tail ends become free, and the gripping parts are taken home by the action
of the springs ¹¹.
Directed through the sides of the carrier disc, are shunting or switch
conductors n, which lead, as hereinafter described, to the resistance coils carried by

page_text: the disc carrier c, and which shunting conductors n, consist of metallic studs placed
within the paths of the tail ends of the rocking jaw levers j, and against which the
said levers come, on the gripping parts coming upon the bearing faces, should a
miss or misses in the feed be made. These studs have stems n³, with which
bye-pass wires n³, are in electrical connection, and are isolated from the carrier
disc b, by insulators n'. By the ends h of the wires being gripped during their
traverse, the said ends remain soft or unchanged in their physical constitution, even
after the hardening and tempering has been conducted, as hereinafter fully described.
Carried by the upright and bridge frame m, is an electrical connection m², fitted
with a box carrier m³, which carries a forward contact plate m', through the
medium of which, a circuit is made to the machine, and against which contact
plate m, one or other of the ends 12, of the axis j, constantly comes or rubs, and is
so arranged that before the end or axis of the preceding jaw has left the said plate,
the axis end of another jaw is moving upon it, hence a continuous circuit.
The positive wire connected to the connection m³, is marked p, whilst the
negative wire q, is connected to a circuit-leaving contact plate q³, carried by a
frame q³, to which feed bars r, directed in the plane of the periphery of the disc,
horizontally come, and crossing from one to the other, the articles h, to be fed are
placed, prior to being consecutively moved under the jaws by hand.
The contact plate 92, makes contact with the ends 12 of the pivot axis j, of the
rocking jaw levers j, so that the same is always in contact with one or other of the
said ends, so as to make a complete or continuous circuit with the circuit wires, p, q.
It will be seen that those two of the rocking jaw levers j, and their corresponding
grips g, which come between the contact plates m³, and, are out of the electrical
circuit, so that as the tail end of one of the said rocking jaw levers approaches the
lead, of the cam k, the tempered article is released, and falls from under the jaw
by its own weight, as shown, but should the said article stick or not fall, then the
same is ejected from its position by an ejector arm s, crossing, in a downward
direction, the path of the longer directions of the articles under treatment.
It may be observed that the same action with the corresponding gripping jaw
takes place for the releasing of the article.
In the bye-path, the disc c, carries resistance coils with wires c³, (see Figures 1, 2
and 3) with the ends *, c, respectively leading from the rocking jaw levers j, and
shunting conductors n, so that in the event of a wire being omitted in the feed, the
grip, of the lever j, approaches the face plate j, of the disc b, and with the tail
end, of the said lever coming against the shunting conductor n, when the current
which should have passed through the article now passes through the wire t, to the
lever j, and through the lever to the shunting conductor n, and from thence
through the conducting wire n³, to the coil c² and from thence again through the
wire c', to a preceding rocking lever, and from thence through the metal of the
same to the article h, to the jaws g, and then again through an article 1, to the next
preceding rocking jaw lever j, and so on.
It will thus be seen that the rocking jaws k, are connected to the gripping jaw g,
in every case, by a return wire, which is automatically utilized in the event of a
miss in the feed.
The disc c, carrying the resistance coils, which are in number equal to the jaws,
works within an independent tank of cooling liquid f, so as to keep the said
resistance coils cool.
OPERATION.
Assuming a number of articles h, requiring to be hardened and tempered, to be
placed upon the feed bars r, and the current passed in the ordinary way through
the circuit wires; the disc wheels are then collectively rotated at a given speed, and
as the rotation proceeds, an article is then fed forward, and its ends passed under
and between the uppermost rocking jaw carried by the disc b, on the one side and
the uppermost rocking jaws g, carried by the disc a, on the other side, and with the
end of the axis, resting upon the commencement part of the contact plate m*,
,

page_text: and as the said united discs rotate in the direction of the arrow, or from right to
left, the roller j³, of the rocking lever j, of the disc b, leaves or becomes clear of the
cam k, and when out of the range of the said can, the spring j", automatically
brings forward the gripping part j, of the rocking lever upon the wire or
article h, under treatment, and at the same time as the lever is operated, the
compound jaw g, is operated in manner following:-As the end 2, of the article h,
rests upon the face g" of the lower gripping jaw g¹, and as the said disc forwardly
proceeds in its motion, the opposed face g, of the upper jaw g leaves the
projecting plane i, and thus leaves free or liberates the said jaws, which are then
automatically brought into their gripping positions by the spring 91, on the axis
of the upper jaw.
Now as connection is made between the rocking jaw lever j, and the jaw g, the
current which enters through the wire p, passes through the said wire to the
connection m, to the box m³, and from thence to the contact m*, and through
the said contact to the axis ji2, and from there to the rocking jaw lever j. The
current then passes from the said lever to the article under treatment, through the
same, (as indicated by the arrows see Figure 1) to the compound jaw g, and as
the wire becomes distended by expansion, the same is kept on the stretch by the
automatic turning outwards of the said jaw upon the axis, turning within a
frame g³, carried by the disc carrier a, hence the automatic taking up of the
expansion consequent upon the heating of the article or wire h under treatment.
Now the current passes through the said jaw g, through the diagonal serial
circuit wires t, Figure 11, and then to the preceding rocking jaw lever, on the
other side of the appliance, and assuming that a complete rotation of the carrier has
been performed, with the whole of the jaws gripping articles under treatment (other
than the two pairs as aforesaid, coming between the entrance and exit contact
plates) the current will now pass through the next article again to the disc a,
through the next preceding jaw g, and from thence through another serial wire t,
again to the jaw j, of the disc b, and so on until a jaw j, comes against the circuit-
leaving contact plate 7, when the current is then delivered back through the
negative wire g, to the dynamo or battery, hence a complete circuit through the
electrical connections and articles under treatment.
As the articles are uniformly carried round from feed to the point of their
immersion in the oil or cooling liquid contained in the tank f, the same acquire their
maximum temperature, and suddenly become cooled by their immersion and become
cooler as they progressively pass through the oil or cooling liquid, hence the
hardening, and as the said articles now recede from the cooling liquid, and the jaws
carrying them approach the circuit-leaving contact plate g, they are again heated
to a given temperature, necessary for giving the proper temper, when on the tail
ends of the rocking jaw levers j, on the one side, and the top jaw of the
corresponding jaw 9, on the other side, coming in contact respectively with the cams
and planes and i, the jaws are automatically opened, and a tempered article
released, and allowed to fall by its own weight, but should the same stick, then it
is ejected by an arm s.
In the event of a mis-feed or mis-feeds, the rocking jaw lever j, which should
have gripped one end of the article missed, not having anything between its
gripping part, and the bed j, of the disc b, is moved backwards by the action of
the spring, which causes its tail end to come against its shunting conductor n,
hence the changing of the direction of the circuit, so that the current now passes
through the wire t, to the grip lever j, whose feed has been omitted, then through
the said lever and shunting conductor to the wire ³, and from thence to the
resistance coils ², passing back through the wire c, and then terminating in the
preceding rocking jaw lever, and from thence as before, if there is no second miss,
through the article under treatment to the other side and so on.
Of course, if two or more articles in succession are omitted in the feed, then the
current is conducted to the third, fourth or other preceding wires by the bye-path
connections.

page_text: In the taking up of the expansion, as a further form, I may provide either side of
the machine with grips made to slide, so as to admit of the said grips receding or
advancing longitudinally or laterally, so as to take up the slack, or preventing
buckling of the said articles.
In case of parallel working, that is acting with the current of constant potential,
the contact plates might be extended to all the jaws requiring to be in operation on
the one side. The current would then pass through the wires under operation to the
opposite disc, the discs being insulated from one another.
Contact would be made from the other plate to the negative terminal of a
dynamo.
As a modification the discs may be dispensed with and a chain running on two
discs substituted.
Where articles hardened and tempered require to be left soft at intermediate
positions as well as at the ends, then such soft parts are created by metal rests or
blocks, or contact pieces of thick metal being brought into contact with the said
parts, during the passage of the current, and during the operation of the hardening
and tempering.
Where no softened parts are required to be left, the holders or grippers are
arranged to be so constituted that heat is correspondingly developed in the holding
parts, as in the articles under operation. The current during the passage through
the oil, may have a bye pass of little resistance interposed, and thus save wasting
the electrical energy during its passage through the oil. This may be accomplished
by all the jaw spindles being in connection with a copper plate mounted on, but
insulated from, the oil vat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First In hardening and tempering metals electrically, conveying or trans-
mitting the electrical current concurrently through the article or articles under
treatment, and conducting parts of the machine, in a serial, parallel or continuous
manner.
Secondly-In hardening and tempering metals electrically, making the articles
under treatment the contact or circuit makers, or circuit closures, of the electrical
current employed for the heating.
Thirdly-In hardening and tempering metals electrically, holding the articles
under treatment, during the process, or during the heating, cooling, hardening and
tempering, through the medium of gripping jaws, or end gripping jaws, as set
forth.
Fourthly In article-holders of electrical hardening and tempering machinery,
consisting of automatic spring grips j and g, disposed upon the opposite sides of
working parts of the machine, or grips alike unto the lever grip, or the jaw
grip g, organized and arranged substantially in the way as described and set
forth.
:
Fifthly In the article-holders of electrical hardening and tempering machinery,
the means herein described for taking the grippers or gripping jaws, levers or the
like, out of their gripping positions as set forth.
Sixthly-In the article-holders, carriers or grippers of electrical hardening and
tempering machinery, making the same laterally or longitudinally recede and
advance, as expansion increases and decreases, consequent upon change in tem-
perature.
Seventhly-In means for the taking up of the expansion or contraction of the
articles under treatment in electrical hardening and tempering machinery, mounting
the holders, gripping jaws or the like, upon a pivot, centre or axis, either below or
above the point of grip, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1, 4, 6
and 7.
Eighthly In the article carriers or transporters of electrical bardening and
:-

page_text: tempering machinery, conveying the articles under treatment through the medium
of discs, or united together discs, drums, wheels or their equivalents, as set
forth.
:-
Ninthly The general construction, arrangement, combination and fitting of the
parts of the carriers of electrical tempering and hardening machinery as described
and set forth.
Tenthly:-In electrical hardening and tempering machinery, providing the same
with bye-path conductors, or auxiliary resistance coils or wires, for taking up and
conveying the current of mis-feeds.
Eleventhly -In the bye-path or shunt conductor fittings of electrical hardening
and tempering machinery, switching the electric current, (in the case of a mis-feed
or mis-feeds) from the primary circuit to the bye-path circuit, through the medium
of the levers, grips or their equivalents of the articles under treatment, as set
forth.
Twelfthly In the bye path fittings of electrical hardening and tempering
machinery the arrangement and dispositions of the wires of the bye-path means
with the primary circuit, as set forth.
Thirteenthly-In electrical hardening and tempering machinery, leaving soft
portions of the articles under treatment, by the said articles being brought in direct
contact with blocks, grips, rests and the like of metal, which offer no appreciable
resistance to the passage of the electrical circuit current, whereby no appreciable
heating of the said parts in contact takes place, as set forth.
Fourteenthly-In electrical hardening and tempering machinery, conveying the
primary current from article to article, and their contact fittings and connections,
in serial, parallel and continuous working, by auxiliary circuit wires or their
equivalents t, as set forth.
Fifteenthly-The improvements in the construction, arrangement and com-
bination of the parts of machinery or apparatus for the hardening and tempering
of metals electrically, as set forth.
Sixteenthly-The improvements in the means and method of hardening and
tempering of metals electrically, as described and set forth.
Dated thin 2nd day of Fohmann 1902
WILLIAM HOLLAND,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.