Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 12th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 17th Feb., 1888
We DEODATUS HILIN WILLIAM JOHNSTOUN NELSON O'NEALE NEALE, and
PERCIVAL EVERITT, both of 293 and 295, Broadway, New York, United States of
America, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to increase the rapidity with which the brake is
applied, by making the power that applies the brakes, when first brought into action,
to act on the levers, communicating that pressure to the brake blocks, or their
equivalent at first with a quick leverage so as to put the brakes on rapidly, and as
soon as the blocks or their equivalents come in contact with the wheels or other
objects whose motion is to be arrested, the leverage becomes a long leverage.
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improv DARUS.
We, DEODATUS HILIN WILLIAM JOHNSTOUN NELSON O'NEALE NEALE, and
PERCIVAL EVERITT, both of 293 and 295, Broadway, New York, United States
of America, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to an apparatus which is applicable to any ordinary hand,
steam or air brake the object of the invention being to cause the power that applies
the brake when first brought into action, to act on the levers communicating pressure
to the brake blocks, or their equivalent with a quick leverage so as to put the brake
on rapidly, and as soon as the blocks or their equivalents come in contact with the
wheels or other objects whose motion is to be arrested, the leverage becomes a long
leverage, that is to say, the fulcrum of the brake-lever, and consequently its leverage
is changed so that a considerable movement of the brake-piston or other source of
power produces only a small movement of the brake-blocks or their equivalents,
which are pressed against the wheels or other objects whose motion is to be arrested.
During that period when only the friction of the connecting levers and parts has to
be overcome, the brake-leverage gains speed rather than power; but when the brake-
shoes or their equivalents come in contact with the wheels, which offer increased
resistance to the further movement of the brake-shoes, this increased resistance shifts
or causes a change in the fulcrum of the brake-lever in such a manner that the break-
leverage then gains power rather than speed, so that a small amount of power applied
by the brake-piston or other original source of power exerts a considerable amount of
pressure on the brake-blocks or their mechanical equivalents.
In order to enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe how it can
be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a plan view of an apparatus embodying our invention.
Figure 2 an end view.
Figure 3 a section through the line A B of Figure 2 and
Figure 4 a section through the line CD of Figure 2.
Figure 5 illustrates in plan view the same invention with a few variations.
Similar letters in all the figures indicate similar parts.
Referring to Figure 1, A is a brake-lever, which works on no fixed fulcrum and it
is connected at c with a pull-rod C leading to the brake-blocks.
B is the piston rod of the brake-cylinder B¹ and it is coupled to the brake-
lever at b..
His a shaft carried by brackets on the car-sills S and having the weighted lever h
and the pawl k, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4, both keyed onto the shaft H.
E is a rod pivotted to the lever A at a, Figure 1, the end of which butts against
the end of the lever h at f, as shewn in Figure 3.

page_text: D is a toothed rack also pivotted to the lever A at d, free to travel in the
direction of the arrow and sliding in a bracket beneath the pawl k as shewn in
Figure 4.
The action is as follows: When the power is first applied by means of the
piston-rod B, the power required to raise the balance-weight j, Figure 3, by means
of the rod E pressing against the point f, is greater than that necessary to over-
come the friction of the connecting levers and parts, and to bring the brake-
blocks to the wheels. Therefore the point a, Figure 1, during this portion of the
notion acts as a fulcrum and the rack D travels in the direction of the arrow until
the pull-rod C has travelled sufficiently to bring the brake-blocks in contact with the
wheels. It will be seen that during this movement the brake is acting with a quick
leverage, that is to say, a small movement of the brake-cylinder piston-rod B causes a
considerable movement of the brake-shoes. When, however, the blocks come in
contact with the wheels, the motion of the point c is arrested and it for the moment
becomes the fulcrum of the lever A. This additional resistance at c causes the pressure
at the point a to increase until the rod E begins to move forward in the direction of
the arrow (the rack D at the same time taking the reverse action) thereby
tipping the lever h, Figure 3, which then assumes the position shewn in dotted lines;
but at the same time the pawl k being keyed to the same shaft H assumes the
position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 4 and engages with the rack D. The
backward travel of the rack D being now arrested by the rack being held fast by the
pawl k, the fulcrum of the lever A instantly changes from the point c to the point d.
Therefore the brake will now act with increased or slow leverage, that is to say,
any movement of the piston-rod B creates a less movement of the brake shoes
or blocks.
In Figure 5 the same principle is applied and the same kind of changing leverage
takes place. Some of the details, however, are different, namely, the rod E is jointed
at J and in moving forward compresses a spring e¹ thereon and actuates a bell-crank K
instead of a pawl and this bell crank, when it has assumed the position shewn in
dotted lines causes a rod L to enter one of a series of holes or notches in the bar D to
lock it fast as already described. The lever A is then held at d and the fulcrum of
the lever A is now transferred, as before, to this point d, and the action is the same as
above stated with regard to Figure 1. It will be noticed that during the action of
the lever A three different points successively become its fulcrum, namely, a, c and d,
and that neither of these is a permanently fixed one. All are shifting and moveable,
to accomplish the objects previously stated and the action is quick but less powerful
at first, but slow and more powerful at the finish when it is needed.
By this invention a much smaller brake-cylinder than usual may be used, thus
diminishing cost and occupying less space.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. A brake so constructed that the power that applies the brake is caused to act on
the levers communicating pressure to the brake blocks or their equivalent with a
quick leverage when first brought into action so as to apply the brake rapidly and
with a long and more powerful leverage as soon as the brake blocks or their
equivalents come in contact with the wheels or other objects whose motion is to be
arrested.
2. In combination with the brake-lever A, the rod B and pull-rod C, the rod E,
pivotted at one of the ends of the lever A, the rack D pivotted at its other extremity,
and intermediate cross connections between the rod E and the rack whereby the
end wise shifting of the rod E serves to lock the rack and to transfer the fulcrum of
the brake-lever from one extremity to the other and to change from a quick to a
more powerful action when the brake-shoes come into contact with the wheels or
objects whose motion is to be arrested.
3. In a brake, a lever actuated by its prime motor or power applied near one of its

page_text: ends, combined with a rod and levers leading to the brake-shoes, a slide-rod pivotted
or attached to such end, a device for locking and unlocking the said slide-rod and
pivotted at its other extremity, and a cross connection between the slide-rod and such
locking device whereby the fulcrum of the lever shall at the first be at one end of
the brake-lever to give a quick action, and afterward, when the brake-shoes, blocks
or equivalents come in contact with the wheels or objects whose motion is to be
arrested at the other end to give a more powerful action at the finish.
4. In combination, the brake-lever A, its operating rod B, pull-rod C, pivotted
rod E, pivotted rack-bar D, shaft H and its counterbalanced lever h and pawl k,
these parts operating, as set forth, to cause at first a quick movement of the brake-
blocks or their described equivalents by a small movement at the source of power
and then a more powerful movement when the brakes are brought into operative
action on the wheels.
5. In a brake, a lever having changeable fulcra, and connected at one extremity to
a locking device and at its other extremity to a shifting device and at a point
intermediate the extremities to an operating rod and to the brake-connections and
whereby the act of bringing the brake-shoes or their equivalents in contact with the
wheels or objects whose motion is to be arrested causes the change in the leverage
from a quick action at first to a more powerful action at the finish.
Dated the 12th day of Jonnory 1800
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.