CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING, AND WHICH I CALL AN EXCAVATING AND SELF-LOADING CART
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
VAUGHAN PALMER, of the Parish of St. Swithin's, Worcester, Artist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the second year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Vaughan Palmer, His especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said George Vaughan Palmer, my exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Vaughan Palmer,
my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING, AND WHICH I CALL
AN EXCAVATING AND SELF-LOADING CART;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said George Vaughan Palmer, should cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Vaughan Palmer, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof (refe-
rence being bad to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon), that is to say:―
My improved excavating and self-loading cart, worked by horse ог
other power, excavates by ploughing instruments connected to the body of
the cart or carriage, under command of crank and lever, and loads itself by
means of its own wheels receiving and conveying the soil into its own body,
the wheel being expressly adapted to answer the double purpose of travelling
on roads as other cart or carriage wheels, and as earth lifters. The general con-
struction of this cart or carriage bears a close resemblance to other carts; the
tire of the wheel has a smooth surface on the exterior to travel on roads like
other carts, but the interior part of the tire differs from all others in its con-
struction, being adapted to receive and lift earth or soil by being hollow, and
having a fence or flange on each side subdivided by compartments or partitions
acting as earth lifters, the earth being received from an excavating instrument
connected to the cart or carriage body on the interior part of the wheels'
tire, between the partitions or earth lifters, and in the wheels' progress in
travelling on the surface of the earth, the earth lifters convey it upwards over
the wheels' centre, and as each partition in succession becomes inverted
delivers the earth or soil into the body of the cart; it also differs from all
other carts or carriages in the new application of an excavating instrument
being connected to a cart or carriage for the purpose of excavating and sup-
plying the cart or carriage wheel with earth, which wheel is adapted to receive
earth or soil as it travels on the earth's surface. Fig. 1, a drawing of my cart
or carriage, shewing an oblique view of its front and one of its sides. A, A,
represent the tire of my wheel with a flange N, N, on each of its sides. The
one next the excavator D is not so broad as its opposite one, in order that the
earth or soil may the more easily pass over it to supply the wheel with earth,
which is turned into it by the excavator D. B, B, are the partitions or earth
lifters which subdivide the tire A, and which are made fast to it and to each
flange N, projecting from the interior part of the tire A towards the wheels
centre. The number required to a wheel depends on its size and the work. I
have adopted in my Drawing, Fig. 1, fourteen; D, the excavating instrument,
which in its exterior form bears a close resemblance to the plough, but differs
from all other ploughs in its application, being employed in a new combination
of adapting and excavating instrument to a cart or carriage earth lifting wheel,

page_text: of
to supply it with earth or soil to load its own cart or carriage body; but
whichever side, or from behind the wheel and excavating instrument, be
adapted to act, the earth lifters B or partitions will convey earth and deliver
it above the wheel's centre. If the excavating instrument be adapted to act
behind the wheel, an open space must be made to admit the earth to pass
into the wheel; but my Drawing, Fig. 1, represents the wheels of my cart or
carriage and excavating instruments to act on the outside of each wheel.
F, the body of the cart; G, the cart shafts; H, H, the projecting sides of the
cart body which the tire A or rim of the wheel in part hangs over. The rim
my wheel is cast in iron altogether, which rim includes the tire, partitions,
and flanges, but it can be made by rivetting and screwing the various parts
together in wrought iron. Fig. 2 represents a bird's-eye view of my cart or
carriage. A, A, the tire of the wheel; D, the excavating instrument; E, the
crank; G, the cart shafts; H, projecting sides; I, the beam to which the
excavator is mounted and made fast by two bolts; L, the lever; M, shaft at
the head of the cart; N, flange to the wheel; O, O, projecting pieces made
fast to the body; R, the folding doors which form the bed of the cart when
closed; Q, the axletree; S, chain to folding doors; T, iron rod on which the
chain S is folded and unfolded; C, winch handle attached to the iron rod T;
z, ratchet wheel attached to the iron rod T. Fig. 3; A, A, the tire of the
wheel; C, the winch handle made fast to the iron rod T; D, excavating instru-
ments; I, beam to which the excavating instruments are made fast by two
bolts; N, flange to the wheel; 0, 0, the projecting pieces made fast to the
body; P, iron rod made fast to the projecting pieces; Q, axletree; R, folding
doors, to each end of which chain S is attached; S, S, chain to folding doors,
unfolding and folding round the iron rod T, by turning winch handle C; V,
the nave of the wheel; z, the ratchet wheel; NB, brace from nave to projecting
piece O. Fig. 4, the wheel with the tire omitted; B, earth lifters or partitions ;
N, N, its two flanges. Fig. 5, a section of my wheel exhibiting the appearance of
the partitions or earth lifters when over and under the centre of the wheel; B, B,
partitions or earth lifters; Y, Y, the spokes; V, the nave. Fig. 1 represents
my cart or carriage in position to begin to work by horse power, with lever L
down; as soon as the cart is pulled forward the excavators pierce the earth
without any assistance from the driver, excavating and turning the earth into
the recesses of the wheel, the partitions or earth lifters conveying it upwards
and deliver it above the wheel's centre into the cart or carriage body as each
partition or earth lifter in succession becomes inverted, until loaded; thus
loaded the excavator can be lifted above the earth's surface by means of the
lever L, the cart can then travel on any road to its place of delivery as any

page_text: other cart. K is a chain which is made fast at one end to the excavator D,
the other end is attached to the head of the cart at W; by shortening or
lengthening the chain between the excavator and the head of the cart the
excavator can be adjusted to the depth required, as the crank E is stopped
when descending in any part of its circle, in proportion to the length of the
chain. The cart is unloaded from the bottom, the bed being formed of two
folding doors R, which are opened and closed by a chain S unfolding and
folding round the iron rod T, by turning round the winch handle C; when the
doors are closed they may be made fast by placing the stopper u between the
teeth of the ratchet wheel z. Some work may require a third wheel in front
of the cart, or a wheel before each excavator attached to the beam I, which
may be omitted or added, as they are for the purpose to take a part of the
weight from pressing on the horse's back.
My Invention or improvements in my cart or carriage consist in the new
application of a cart or carriage wheel to receive and lift earth or soil and
convey it into its own carriage body whilst travelling on the earth's surface, and
in adapting an excavating instrument to a cart or carriage to supply
its wheel with earth, which wheel delivers the earth into its own carriage
body.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Vaughan Palmer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 23rd day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.
(15.) ALM
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1832, the aforesaid George Vaughan Palmer came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.