IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH, OILS, DRYERS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to William Spence, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH, OILS, DRYERS, AND
SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME. -A communication
from abroad by Théodore Lefebvre, Paul Lefebvre-Desurmont, and
Henri Gennevoiso Lefebvre, Varnish Manufacturers, and Co-partners,
of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Spence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th September 1875.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of S, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH,
OILS, DRYERS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME,” (being.
a communication to me from abroad by Théodore Lefebvre, Paul.

page_text: A strong suction is produced in this pipe by a jet of steam or compressed
gas, or by other means.
Steam reaches the injector through a pipe furnished with a cock for
each tube, and by means of a pedal lever the emission of steam can be
regulated as desired:
Each vessel, containing the gums or oils is suspended by means of
suitable trunnions and furnished with a lid adapted for removal as
required, and the vessel can be readily turned on the trunnions in order
to empty it of its contents.
Each vessel with its appurtenances forms a separate apparatus fitted
in connection with the central fire-place or furnace, and is supported on
a central hollow column, serving for the escape of vapours from the
gum or other products, and round which the apparatus can turn as on a
pivot.
A central chimney is adapted to produce a sufficient draught during
the lighting of the furnace, and to provide an outlet for gases through
apertures in the lid of the fire-place in case of the regulator valves being
suddenly closed. There is also a circular aperture in the roof over the
chimney for the escape of any excess of heat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Spence in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Spence, Her special
licence that I, the snid William Spence, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Spence, my executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH, OILS, DRYERS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," being a communication to me from abroad by
Messieurs Lefèbve Brothers, and Company, of Paris, France, Manu-
facturers; upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Spence, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Spence, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to tho letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say.) —
This Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Varnish,
Oils, Dryers, and similar Articles, and in Apparatus for the same," has
for its object the production in greater or less quantities of gases at any
required temperature, modifiable at the will of the operator, and heating
by means of these gases vessels in which may be carried on the
operation of melting gums or other operations of heating or preparation
relative to the manufacture of oils, varnishes, and dryers.
· The apparatus for the purpose is adapted to prevent the emission of
-noxious vapours-liberated-during-these different operations, at the same
time that such vapours are condensed, collected, and utilized if required;
it is also adapted to obviate all risk of catching fire, is convenient of
-application,-and-affords-regularity-in-the different successive operations
in one and the same manufacture.
The Drawing represents the arrangement of apparatus required for a
the manufacture of oils, dryers, and similar articles, and adapted for
Ving on the onerations continuously

page_text: The single Figure of the Drawing represents a vertical section of
eight or other convenient number of sets of apparatus fitted round a
circular hall or building, thereby admitting of convenient removal if
required.
The apparatus is principally composed of a central fire-place or
furnace A in metal or masonry, which furnace is supplied with a grate B
suspended at its lower part, so as to give free access to air underneath in
order to support combustion. This fire-place or furnace while firmly
closed at the top is only open as follows:-
First. There is a lid or cover C moveable by means of suspension by á
chain and counterbalance.weight O", by which fuel is introduced. For
this purpose it is sufficient to raise the valve C¹ in order to admit the
fuel directly.
Secondly. There are a certain number of outlets or cylindrical tubes d
formed in the masonry, which tubes serve for the escape of the gaseous
products of combustion. Each of these tubés communicates with a box
or regulator E, in which a valve F worked by a pedal lever G admits,
if desired, of an interception of the communication with the fire-place or
furnace A.
.3
Each box or regulator communicates on its opposite side with. a
cylindrical tube, in which a small slide H allows a jet of steam or
compressed gas to be injected, so as to produce a gaseous suction in the
whole section of the tube. The tube has a bend I in order to discharge
vertically at an enlarged outlet under a button J adapted in form for
distributing the heated gases as regularly as possible over the whole
surface of a. vessel K. The heated gases by contact with this vessel
part with a portion of their heat, and are kept enclosed in a metallic
vessel L, which serves as a support for the vessel K. Thence the gases
are directed by one or more vertical pipes M into a collecting pipe N,
which receives all the gases from the fire-place or furnace in order to
utilize them for any purpose required, whether for producing steam or
for heating oils, dryers, and similar articles. A strong suction is pro-
duced in this pipe, either by a jet of steam or compressed gas, or by
other means.

page_text: Steam reaches the injector H through a pipe furnished with a cock O
for each tubc, and by means of a pedal lever G¹ the emission of steam
can be regulated as desired.
The vessel K, which in the Drawing is shown as for the operation of
melting gums, is suspended by means of two trunnions P, P¹; it is
furnished, with a lid in two parts, fixed or movable as required, and
which serve either for cleaning the apparatus or for introducing materials
-to-be treated. The trunnion P is hollow, and serves as an outlet for the
vapours which are produced during the different processes-of-the-manu--
facture. These vapours enter the chamber R of the cylinder S, whence
they are directed by passing through the regulating valve into the lower
compartment U, passing in bubbles over a liquid bed formed either by a
special liquid introduced for the purpose, or by the products of con-
densation, the uncondensed gases are afterwards passed into a third
compartment V, analogous to the preceding, or a fresh liquid bed is
traversed; the gases which resist this first condensation escape by the
pipe X in order to pass into a pipe Y for collecting the products of
condensation placed in a bath of cold liquid constantly renewed. This
collecting pipe leads finally in passing again if required through con-
densing apparatus to an exhaust of a power sufficient to cause the
passage of the gases through the cylinder. One or more special pumps
draw into the pipe for collecting condensations the utilizable products,
and pass them into the receptacles or apparatus for utilizing them.
For convenience of working the vessel K is suspended, as has been
stated, on two trunnions, which admit of its being turned and readily:
emptied of its contents. The lid is provided with a cover, by means of
which the progress of the operation can be seen, and as is shown by the
Drawing, the working of one or two pedal levers G, G, allows of the
complete shutting off of the heated gases, or of the admission of a
considerable amount of cold air, or of intercepting the whole gaseous
[GU_MIN=10kwa vyanavi, anu̟ a separate
apparatus fitted in connection with the central fire-place or furnace.
The whole is supported on a hollow column X, serving as an outlet for
the vapours of gum or other products, and round which the whole
apparatus can turn as on a pivot. For this purpose four rollers n work
in a groove O, thereby affording to the whole apparatus a facility for

page_text: being turned on merely raising the vessel K out of the support L.. This
raising movement can be easily effected either by a screw, as shewn at V,
or by a lever or pedal, or by other means.
A central chimney Q is adapted to produce sufficient draught during
the lighting of the furnace, at the same time that it secures, in case of
all the valves F being suddenly closed, a natural outlet for the gases
from the furnace through the openings of the lid C, which gases would
have no tendency to spread in the region of the vessels, so as to produce
flames or liability to accident. Also a circular opening in the roof
round the chimney allows the escape of any excess of heat.
In case of combustion, and the production of carbonic oxide, it is
possible in order to supply the oxygen required for the conversion of
this carbonic oxide into carbonic acid to supply it by raising the lid of
the fire-place or furnace, and injecting jair instead of by injecting steam
by the slide or slides H.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, communicated
to me from abroad as aforesaid, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of the said Invention
is, the process or processes and apparatus in its combined form herein-
before described employed in the manufacture of varnishes, oils, dryers,
and similar articles.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Spence, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eighth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
25
Witness,
FRANK REDMAN,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lane.
WILLIAM SPENCE. (L.s.).