the Entrance to Sewers and for other such like Purposes.
Year: 1884

page_text: the Entrance to Sewers and for other such like Purposes.
I CHARLES ARTHUR HUTCHINGS of 164 Kennington Park Road in the County of
Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GRATINGS FOR FORMING A FOOT OR ROAD WAY AT THE ENTRANCE TO
SEWERS AND FOR OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES to be as follows:-
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in gratings for forming a foot or
road way at the entrance to sewers and for other like purposes.
For this purpose I form a grating of a rectangular frame having a number of
bars running across from one side or end to another each bar being made circular
at its ends so that it may turn in holes formed in the sides or ends of the frame.
Each bar I form of such a section that when the bars are turned into one position
they may close air tight or approximately so one over the other and prevent all
passage of air or gas through the grating and also so that when a quarter turn has
been given to all the bars there may be open spaces between them to allow of
ventilation of the sewers when men are working in them or at other times when
ventilation of the sewers may be required and I also form the bars in such manner
that into which ever of the two positions the bars may be turned their upper
surface may be at the same level so that in either position their upper surface may
be level with the surface of the foot or road way in which they are placed.
Various ways may be adopted for turning and holding the bars in one or other
of their two positions-One way of effecting this is by jointing either end of all
the bars on their under side to a cross bar below them or by jointing arms made to
project from the bars to such a cross bar so that by raising or lowering this cross
bar or by moving the cross bar endwise all the bars of the grating may simul-
taneously have a partial turn given to them-The raising or lowering of the bar
may be effected by means of a lever handle.
The grating may be made to turn up on a hinge joint as is usual to allow men
to enter the sewer or to get to the lever handle to turn it.
By forming the grating in the manner above described it will be unnecessary for
the grating to be left turned up on its hinge joint whenever men are working in
the sewers as is now commonly the case-but the men will be able to close the
grating down after entering the sewer and yet obtain sufficient ventilation.
Dated this 16th day at
when 100%
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Gratings for Forming a Foot or Road Way at
the Entrance to Sewers and for other such like Purposes.
I CHARLES ARTHUR HUTCHINGS of 105 London Wall in the City of London
late of 164 Kennington Park Road in the County of Surrey Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gratings for forming a foot or
road way at the entrance to sewers and for other like purposes.
For this purpose I form a grating of a rectangular frame having a number of
bars running across from one side or end to another, each bar being made circular
at its ends so that it may turn in holes formed in the sides or ends of the frame.
Each bar I form of such a section that when the bars are turned into one position
they may close air tight or approximately so one over the other and prevent all
passage of air or gas through the grating and also so that when a quarter turn has
been given to all the bars there may be open spaces between them to allow of
ventilation of the sewers when men are working in them or at other times when
ventilation of the sewers may be required, and I also form the bars in such manner
that into whichever of the two positions the bars may be turned their upper
surface may be at the same level so that in either position their upper surface may
be level with the surface of the foot or roadway in which they are placed.
'
Various ways may be adopted for turning and holding the bars in one or other
of their two positions. One way of effecting this is by jointing either end of all
the bars on their under side to a cross bar below them or by jointing arms made to
project from the bars to such a cross bar so that by raising or lowering this cross
bar or by moving the cross bar end wise all the bars of the grating may simul-
taneously have a partial turn given to them. The raising or lowering of the bar
may be effected by means of a lever handle or otherwise.
The grating may be made to turn up on a hinge joint as is usual to allow men
to enter the sewer or to get to the lever handle to turn it.
By forming the grating in the manner above described it will be unnecessary for
the grating to be left turned up on its hinge joint whenever men are working in
the sewers as is now commonly the case-but the men will be able to close the
grating down after entering the sewer and yet obtain sufficient ventilation.
The drawing annexed shews a grating constructed in the manner I prefer for
carrying out my invention.
Figure 1 is a plan view of one half of the grating when closed-Figure 2 is an
underside view of one half of the grating when open-and Figure 3 is a cross
section of the grating one half closed and the other half open.
A is the rectangular frame shown as being hinged at A¹ to an outer frame B as
is usual. C are the parallel bars forming a grating across the frame A.—they are
each pivotted at their ends to the ends of the frame, at one end also they have lugs
formed on them which are pin jointed to links D one half of them to one link D

page_text: and the other half of them to the other link. The innermost bar of each set has
also a lever arm E projecting from it by which the bar can be made to turn on its
end pivots-When it is so made to turn all the other bars which are coupled to
the same link D are by the link caused to turn with it.
When the bars are turned into the closed position they may be retained in that
position by a turn button carried by the fixed bar F which passes across the centre
of the frame A. as shown at Figure 2 or other suitable locking device might be
employed for the purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The construction of gratings for forming a foot or roadway at the entrance to
Sewers and for other such like purposes of a rectangular frame having a number of
parallel bars passing across it, such bars being pivoted at their ends to the frame
and being of such a section that when turned into one position they close over the
frame air tight or approximately so but when a quarter turn is given to them to
turn them from this position spaces are opened between the bars for ventilation:
such bars also being of such a section that into which-ever of these two positions
they are turned their upper surfaces are always at the same level.
2. The construction of gratings for forming a foot or roadway at the entrance to
sewers and for other such like purposes substantially in the manner herein before
described and illustrated in the drawing annexed.