IMPROVEMENTS IN . MACHINERY OR PRESSES FOR EXPRESSING OIL FROM SEED AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE THEREFROM
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bushell and Walter Thomas Haydon both of
Dover in the County of Kent for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
.
MACHINERY OR PRESSES FOR EXPRESSING OIL FROM SEED AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE THEREFROM
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bushell and Walter
Thomas Haydon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
2nd October 1882.
WILLIAM BUSHELL and WALTER THOMAS HAYDON both of Dover in the County
of Kent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR PRESSES FOR EXPRESSING OIL FROM
SEED AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE THEREFROM
23
Attempts have heretofore been made to construct presses, for the expressing of oil
from seeds, of circular or other suitable form and it has also been proposed to make
the strainer or sides of such a press of metal laths or bars but difficulties have been
experienced in the construction and arrangement of such presses in order to enable
the oil to freely escape from the press when the pressure is applied, now according
to our Invention we believe this difficulty has been overcome.
•
According to our Invention we prefer to make the press proper or the vessel in
which the seed is compressed and from which seed the oil is expressed, of cylindrical
form though other forms may be adopted if preferred; we will describe our
Invention as applied to a press of cylindrical shape. The sides of this cylinder are
made up or composed of a series of bars or rings preferably bars of a rectangular
or trapezoidal section although other shaped sections of bars might be used; when
composed of bars of rectangular section these are placed side by side in such
manner that the inner corners of two adjacent bars shall touch each other while
the two outer corners of the same bars are removed from each other and thus
forming when the bars are of a rectangular shape, a triangular space between the
said bars. In all cases there must be a space, more or less, between the outer edges
of the bars and the shape of this space must consequently be varied according to
the shape of the bars composing the cylinder. The object of arranging the bars in

page_text: the manner before described is to allow a free passage for the expressed oil as well
as for any seed or particles of same that might escape between the bars; on the
side of the bars there are or there may be grooves or indentations extending from
the points of junction of the bars partially or wholly across the said bars but
generally they need only extend to about midway across
The aforesaid bars composing the sides of the cylinder may be placed side by
side reaching from end to end of the cylinder, which we prefer, in a straight line or
diagonally. These bars may also be made into rings placed one above the other
leaving the triangular or other shaped spaces between the rings.
The press proper constructed as before described is held together and supported
on all sides by horizontal rings at suitable distances apart the whole being held
together by vertical columns extending from end to end of the press bolted at
bottom to the frame of the hydraulic ram and the top of the press is so constructed
that the cover which may be secured by dog hooks may be removed with facility
by a counterweight for example or in any other convenient manner for the filling
and discharging of the press. The bottom or base of the press is movable up and
down in the said space and this movable bottom is the top or head of a ram to
which motion is imparted by hydraulic or other power.
The method of working or the operation of our improved press is as follows:
The top of the press having been removed the ram is raised to the top of the
cylinder the press is now ready to receive the prepared seed, the ram being
allowed to descend slowly, a piece of iron plate fitting the press is now placed on
the ram and on that a piece of woollen cloth or other suitable material, a measured
quantity of seed sufficient to make a cake as required is drawn from a steam
jacketted or other vessel in which it has been heated, this is struck off level by
hand or mechanical appliance, a piece of woollen cloth and another plate and
cloth follow, another measured quantity of seed is introduced and so on until the
press is filled. The top is now put on and the dog hooks fixed. The pressure is
now applied and the oil expressed, sufficient pressure having been applied the
pressure is taken off, the dog hooks removed and the top lifted or otherwise
disposed of. The power is again applied and the finished cakes forced one by one
above the top of the cylinder. The attendant now detaches them with a slice as
they rise one at a time, until the press is discharged. The ram is now at the top
of the press and ready for the process being repeated
By our invention besides affording greater facilities than heretofore for expressing
the oil from seeds by giving much greater space or freer flow for the oil to leave
the seed without taking particles of seed with it, it also makes cakes that do not
require trimming or paring the oil being expressed from all parts of the cake
equally.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Bushell and Walter Thomas Haydon in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd April 1883.
WILLIAM BUSHELL and WALTER THOMAS HAYDON both of Dover in the County
of Kent "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR PRESSES FOR EXPRESSING OIL FROM
SEED AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE THEREFROM
OIL
"
Attempts have heretofore been made to construct presses for the expressing of
oil from seeds of circular or other suitable form and it has also been proposed to
make the strainer or sides of such a press of metal laths or bars, but difficulties
have been experienced in the construction and arrangement of such presses in order
to enable the oil to freely escape from the press when the pressure is applied, now
according to our Invention we believe this difficulty has been overcome.
According to our Invention we prefer to make the press proper or the vessel in
which the seed is compressed and from which seed the oil is expressed of cylin-
drical form though other forms may be adopted if preferred; we will describe our
Invention as applied to a press of cylindrical shape. The sides of this cylinder are
made up or composed of a series of bars or rings preferably bars of a rectangular
or trapezoidal section although other shaped' sections of bars might be used; when
composed of bars of rectangular section these are placed side by side in such
manner that the inner corners of two adjacent. bars shall touch each other while
the two outer corners of the same bars are removed from each other and thus
forming when the bars are of a rectangular shape, a triangular space between the
said bars. In all cases there must be a space more or less between the outer edges
of the bars and the shape of this space must consequently be varied according to
the shape of the bars composing the cylinder. The object of arranging the bars in
the manner before described is to allow a free passage for the expressed oil as well
as for any seed or particles of same that might escape between the bars; on the
sides of the bars there are or there may be grooves or indentations extending from
the points of junction of the bars partially or wholly across the said bars but
generally they need only extend to about midway across or less.
The aforesaid bars composing the sides of the cylinder may be placed side by
side reaching from end to end of the cylinder, which we prefer in a straight line or
diagonally. These bars may also be made into rings placed one above the other
leaving the triangular or other shaped spaces between the rings but this arrangement
we do not find so advantageous for the free escape of the oil.
The press proper constructed as before described is held together and supported
on all sides by horizontal rings at suitable distances apart, the whole being held
together by vertical columns extending from end to end of the press bolted at
bottom to the ram cylinder and the top of the press is so constructed that the cover
which may be secured by dog hooks may be removed with facility by a counter-
weight for example or in any other convenient manner for the filling and dis-
charging of the press. The bottom or base of the press is movable up and down in
the said space and this movable bottom is the top or head of a ram to which
motion is imparted by hydraulic or other pressure.
In order that our Invention may be more fully understood we will now proceed
to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1. is a longitudinal vertical section of a press and apparatus or machinery
connected therewith for expressing oil from seeds all constructed according to our
Invention, Figure 2 is an external side elevation of the press proper. Figure 3 is
à plan of the press shown at Figure 2 but drawn on a somewhat larger scale than
it is in that Figure. Figure 4 is a horizontal section through the line W x of
Figure 2; Figure 5 is a horizontal section on line Y Z of Figure 2 of one half of
the ram cylinder. Figure 6 is a horizontal section of a portion of the walls of the
press drawn on a larger scale than the preceding Figures in order to more clearly

page_text: illustrate the arrangements of the bars and rings composing the press. Figure 7. is
an elevation of a portion of one of the bars forming the sides of the press showing
the indentations or notches on the edge for allowing the oil to escape freely-
Figure 8 is a plan of the underside of a mechanical appliance for measuring and
supplying to the press the required quantity of seed for each cake. Figure 9 is a
longitudinal vertical section through same and Figure 10 is a section taken at right
angles to Figure 9. Figure 11 is a diagram plan for the purpose of describing and
illustrating the particular arrangement we prefer to use for filling supplying and
working a number of presses.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures. a are the bars
forming the sides of the press cylinder more particularly shown at Figures 4, 6
and 7 bb are the spaces between the bars a shown in the drawing as we prefer of
a triangular shape, although we have here only shown a cylindrical press or press
box we would have it understood that our Invention is equally applicable to square
or rectangular shaped press boxes but obviously the bars a would then not be of a
rectangular section but of a taper section so as to leave the required intermediate
taper spaces b. In figure 7 are shown a series of small indentations or grooves
which may with advantage be used in order to facilitate the escape of the oil.
The number and size of such indentations may be varied with reference to the
material operated on and the size of the cake. In a space of six inches there may
for example be 20 of such indentations ccare the horizontal rings around the
press and d d are the vertical columns: e is the hydraulic ram to the cylinder
to which latter the columns d are bolted at bottom. These columns d. d. pass
through a ring on the press cylinder as shown and the dog hooks g are connected
to them at top for securing the press cover all as hereafter more particularly
described; is the cover which in drawing Figure 1 is shown raised from the press
by a counterbalance weight; g g are the dogs for securing the cover f to the press
when the same is in action as hereafter described and these dogs are retained in
position by hinged clips on the cover as shown at Figure 2 or by a ring or hoop f¹
as in Figure 3 or by other convenient means, h is the bottom or base of the press
and at the same time forming the head of the ram; i is the gutter surrounding the
base of the press for the reception of the expressed oil, and k is the pipe by which
the same is conveyed away to any suitable receptacle; c' is the botton support for
the rings c which support rests on brackets or lugs el projecting from the cylinder ;*
c shows the division plates between and supporting the rings c which plates are
secured round columns d d by bolts as shown or the rings may be supported by
pins cx for example as shown at Figure 2; the top ring c holds the uprights & in
position and is itself bolted to or suspended from the top frame c³ of the press; 7 is
the receiver or kettle in which the the seed to be supplied to the press to be pressed
is placed, a portion is cut away in the drawing to economize the space; m is a
structure supporting the receiver or kettle which structure is supported on
brickwork masonry or in other strong and suitable manner; n is a stirrer in the
receiver or kettle to which a rotary motion may be imparted to stir up the
contents by a shaft on which it is mounted receiving motion from any convenient
prime mover; o is a door in the receiver and p is a lever for opening and closing
same when required so as to allow seed from the receiver or kettle to pass out to
the feeding box q and which latter supplies the seed to the press.
In our Provisional Specification we described the operation of supplying seed to
the press as follows: The top of the press having been removed the ram is raised
to the top of the cylinder; the press is now ready to receive the prepared seed, the
ram being allowed to descend slowly, a piece of iron plate fitting the press is now
placed on the ram and on that a piece of woollen cloth or other suitable material,
a measured quantity of seed sufficient to make a cake as required is drawn from a
steam jacketed or other vessel in which it has been heated, this is struck off level
by hand or mechanical appliance, a piece of woollen cloth and another plate and
cloth follow, another measured quantity of seed is introduced and so on until
the press is filled. By a modification of this method of charging the press we

page_text: withdraw a measured quantity of seed from the feeding box by means of a
mechanical appliance and deposit it in the press as hereinafter described.
r
Immediately below the feeding box q the mechanical appliance now referred to
and shown at Figures 8, 9 and 10 is placed; this is free to slide along the jib or
crane arm swinging from the post ; when at the end of the jib or crane arm
and in the position shown at Figure 1 of the drawing one lot of seed sufficient to
make a cake is being received from the receiver or kettle 2 by the box or kettle
mouth q and the other is being deposited in the press although in the drawing the
ram is shown at the bottom. 8 s are the two frames for receiving the seed; these
are connected to or formed in a piece with the table or platform t and are of the
same or corresponding shape and lateral dimensions as the cakes which are to be
made; u is the spindle or clamping bolt on which the tablet is mounted
in order that the tablet and the seed frames 8 8¹ may when required be
rotated. The interior of the frames s8 81 corresponds in size with that of
the internal diameter of the press or with that of the plates which fit
into the press and divide the cakes. These plates are in the first place
one at least of each of such plates placed in the frames 8 s' and they are then
supported by bolts or catches passing through apertures in the sides of the seed
frames 8 8¹, and these catches are kept projected into the seed frames by means of
a spring V Figure 8. u¹, u¹, u¹, are these bolts or catches best seen at Figure 8
each of which is jointed to a bell crank lever 1, 12, 13, bell crank lever 1 is con-
nected by the link 2 to bell crank lever 3 which by link 4 is connected to the
bell crank lever 12 which latter by link 5 is connected to one arm of lever 6 which
by its other arm is jointed to link 7 which again is jointed to bell crank lever 1³.
8 is the link connecting the lever 6 to the cranked handle or lever 9 for operating
the whole series. This latter handle or lever is kept open by means of the spring
and when open the catches are projecting from the sides of the seed frames ready
to receive the plate; to disengage or drop the plate the handle 9 is pressed against
the handle 10 which handle is used for turning the table t round; this pressing
withdraws the catches from the interior of the seed frame and leaves the contents
of the frame free to fall; the lever 9 being released the spring immediately projects
the catches beyond the side of the seed frame ready to receive another plate but
of course it might work without springs and it should be noticed that this lever
apparatus is fitted to each of the frames 8 8¹. The tablet can be turned round so
as to bring the seed frames first to the kettle and then to the press and vice versa
the feeding box q fitting down closely to the upper surface of the seed frames 8 8¹
and flat surface of the table t; the spindle u carries a bush t' on which the table t
revolves the bush t¹ somewhat projecting above the recess formed in the centre of
the table so that the nut t² of the bolt u when tightened secures the bush t¹ on
the jib r while at the same time the table t is free to revolve round the bush t¹.
Seed is placed in the steam jacketed kettle l, for example by an elevator or
other convenient means where it is equally heated and stirred by the stirrer n us
usual, on commencing operations and supposing the ram to be at the top of the
cylinder and the table t having been brought into position shown at Figure 1 so
that it comes against the point of a bolt 3 which projects from the press or is
secured in any other way. The door o is opened by raising the lever p which
admits seed to the kettle mouth or feed box q; an attendant places a plate in the
frame s¹ for example and this plate then rests on the catches u¹ which are projected
outwards by the spring V Figure 8, operating the levers before described, on this
plate a piece of bagging or woollen cloth is placed, the tablet is now revolved on
the bush t' and as the frame s¹ is brought or comes beneath the kettle or feed
mouth q the seed fills the frame level with the top of the table and the frame is
thus made to contain a measured quantity of seed which will be carried in due
course round to the press; the corresponding empty frame 8 is being fitted with a
plate and cloth as before. The frame s¹ on arriving over the mouth of the press is
momentarily arrested and a cloth is placed on the top; the catches u¹ are withdrawn
by the handle 9 and the plate, bottom cloth, cake, and top cloth, fall into the

page_text: press onto the ram or onto a previous measure of seed that may have been deposited
there, this goes on continuously till the whole press is full of measures of seed at
which time the nut on the bolt u is loosened and the table t sliding on the jib r
is pushed back along the jib.
The top f of the press is now put on and the dog hooks 9 are fixed. The
pressure is now applied and the oil expressed which passes off from the same
between the bars a forming the walls of the press into the spaces 6 thence to the
gutter whence it is conveyed by the pipe k to suitable receptacles; sufficient
pressure having been applied the pressure is taken off, the doghooks g removed and
the top flifted or otherwise disposed of. Power is again applied and the finished
cakes forced one by one above the top of the cylinder. The attendant now detaches
them with a slice as they rise one at a time, until the press is discharged. The
ram is now at the top of the press and ready for the process being repeated and so
on all as before:described.
In the arrangement shown at Figure 11 three separate and distinct presses are
shown arranged radially round the kettle each press being supplied with seed from
the kettle which is common to all but with a separate feeding box 7 for each
press; 1, 2 and 3 are the presses. Press 1 being filled, the table t is swung by
jib r to press 2 and subsequently to press 3 and so on, two or more than three
presses might be arranged around the kettle but our Invention as thus applied will
be completely understood without multiplying the drawings or lengthening this
description; we have marked those parts which can be seen in this plan with
letters corresponding to the corresponding parts in the previous Figures.
•
By our Invention besides affording greater facilities than heretofore for
expressing the oil from seeds by giving much greater space or freer flow for the
oil to leave the seed without taking particles of seed with it, it also makes cakes
that do not require trimming or paring, the oil being expressed from all parts of the
cake equally.
Having now. described the nature of our said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed we declare that we claim as our Improvements in
machinery or presses for expressing oil from seed and in the manufacture of oil
cakes therefrom.
First The press or press-box composed of bars such as a of such a form and so
arranged side by side that the inner corners of such bars shall touch one another
and cause a space b to be produced between the outer sides of such bars thereby
allowing a free passage for oil and if necessary seeds whereby the clogging up of
the press is materially, diminished or prevented and: the oil freely escapes to the
bottom of the press all substantially as described and illustrated with reference to
Figures 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Second. The combination of such a press or press, box as first claimed with
the appliances substantially as described and shewn in the accompanying drawings
for securing and firmly holding the same together.
Third: The mode of and appliance for mechanically measuring and supplying
the seed to the press or series of presses as described and for the purposes set
forth.
In witness whereof we the said William Bushell and Walter Thomas Haydon
have hereunto set our hands and seals this Thirtieth day of March in the