Improvements in or relating to Steam Generators and Furnaces. there
Year: 1899

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
"Improvements in or relating to Steam Generators and Furnaces.
therefor.
I, CHARLES SCHLEYDER, Chief Engineer, of the Imperial Royal State Railways
of Zditz, Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
The present invention relates to steam generators for the purpose of securing
the most economical conditions for the consumption of the fuel used, combined
with a maximum smoke consumption and automatic cleaning of the boiler tubes
and of the smoke box, reducing at the same time the possibility of the escape
of sparks. This is obtained by means of: -
(a) a peculiar arrangement of baffles in the fire box.
(b) a chambered door in the fire box, with the object of regulating the admis-
sion of air,
(c) an apparatus for the purpose of cleaning the boiler-tubes and the smoke-box.
(d) the employment of a special form of blower or blast pipe, and
(e) a grate with specially shaped bars.
The various features of the invention are represented by way of example, in
the accompanying drawings:-
-
Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the invention applied to a locomotive while
the figures refer to details and modifications which will be hereinafter described.
BAFFLES.
The characteristic feature of the fire baffle device consists in having two, three,
or more fire baffles so arranged in the fire box as to divide it in a horizontal and
also in a vertical direction into several parts in such a manner that conduits or
channels are formed between the several baffle plates or slabs.
In Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are represented various arrangements of such
baffles, Figure 4 representing an arrangement of two baffles F1 F2, of which the
lower one F¹ occupies about one-third of the length of the fire-box and is built
on to or arranged against the rear wall below the boiler tubes at an angle of
about 30°.
The baffle F is angular or roof-shaped in cross section and is so arranged above
The
the baffle F1 that one of its inclines forms, with the baffle F, a conduit c.
baffle represented in Figure 5 consists of three baffles FI F2 F3 of which the
lowest Foccupies, according to the length of the fire-box, from one-third to
one-half of its length, and is slightly angular or roof shaped, and is arranged
The central baffle F2
with its downwardly inclined portion against the wall w.
is narrow and arranged above the central part of the baffle F¹ and so inclined as
to form with the lower baffle F' a conduite gradually growing narrower towards
the wall w.
The uppermost baffle F³ is also narrow and inclined in a direction opposite to
that of F, and is placed above the horizontal outer end of the baffle F and above
the edge of the baffle F2 in such a manner as to form between baffles F2 and F3

page_text: a conduit c, while all three together form a kind of mixing chamber M in which
the gases, flames and suspended coal particles are mixed.
The other baffle devices represented.in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, consist of three
baffles FF2 F3 arranged in different ways always according to the charac-
teristic principle described above. The arrangement consists either of flat or
straight baffles or of a combination of flat baffles with those of roof or angular
shape (Figures 6, 7 and 8). In very long or deep fire-boxes more than three
such baffles may be arranged on the same principle.
By the arrangement of such baffles F1 F2 in the fire-box one being inclined
at an angle of about 30% and all forming conduits c, a thorough division and
mixture is obtained in the fire-box of the flame of the gases and the carbon
particles (the latter of which ordinarily have a tendency to be carried through
the boiler tubes into the smoke box) owing to which the gases are more com-
pletely consumed, while on the other hand the particles of carbon are forced
to fall back either on to the surface of the grate or on the highly heated, baffles,
thus facilitating a perfect consumption of these coal particles.
AIR ADMISSION.
Instead of the solid fire-box doors used at present, it is proposed to use
chambered doors so constructed that by employing them, a regulation of the
quantity of air admitted to the fire-box is possible, the air being at the same
time raised to a high temperature.
According to the quantity of the fuel to be used a greater or lesser quantity of
air can be introduced owing to which the generated gases are more completely
consumed.
The chambered fire-box doors can be constructed in a variety of ways and
several such constructions are represented in the accompanying drawing in
Figures 10 to 25.
1
In principle the door is constructed to form a kind of chamber or chambers
partly projecting into the fire chamber, the interior of which chambers is divided
by means of walls, bodies, tubes, nozzles, concentric cylinders or funnels and the
like, so as to form a number of conduits. On the outside the chambered door
carries either a solid or perforated cover or disc or slide by means. of which the
admission of the air to the chamber can be either regulated or stopped altogether.
Between the chamber proper and the door itself an air space of any required
dimension may be formed, which arrangement is especially useful where fuel of
constant quality can be used. Owing to this construction of the chambered
door, the air as it passes through becomes heated, owing to part of the chamber
projecting into the fire of the fire-box and coming in contact with the flames
produced by the fire gases which intensely heat the chamber, the air as it passes
through taking up the heat from the walls of the chamber.
The chambered door may also be provided with an apparatus for the intro-
duction of steam for the purpose of increasing the quantity of air passing through
the door. Such a blast apparatus would be specially useful in stationary steam
generators.
Several constructions of some of these chambered fire-box doors will now be
described:-
The chambered fire-box door represented in Figures 10 and 11 consists of an
iron cylinder 2 secured to the door frame 1, the part 3 of which, projecting
into the fire-box, being provided at the bottom and on the sides with slots or
openings 4, while the top of the cylinder is plain. Outside the cylinder is pro-
vided with a cover 5 which is movably mounted on a screw spindle 7 fixed to a
cross piece 6. This cover 5 is provided with a number of nozzles 8 and also
with a rotating slide 9 (Figure 10) provided with openings 10 corresponding to
the nozzles 8, by which arrangement the nozzles 8 can be more or less opened
or closed altogether by adjusting this rotating slide.
By turning the cover 5 on the screw spindle 7 a space 11, Figure 2, is formed

page_text: enter through the chambered door, or the said cover 5 can be secured so as to
come against the edge of the cylinder 2 in which case the air is excluded altogether
(Figure 12).
In this manner the admission of air can be regulated in two ways, viz.:
1. By adjusting the cover 5,
2. By adjusting the slide 9.
.In Figures 13 and 14 the same construction of the chambered door is observed
with the difference only that in these cases the door is provided with a steam
blast or injector apparatus.
The apparatus consists of a ring tube 12 provided with nozzles or holes 13,
the tube being placed in the cylinder 2 behind the nozzles 8 and connected
with a steam admission pipe 14. Figures 15 and 16 illustrate a chambered door
differing as regards construction from the above, in that the cover 5 is arranged
on a square so that it can be moved by means of a fork shaped lever penetrating
into the neck 15.
'
In the cover 5 provided with nozzles 8 and the rotating slide 9, the steam
blast apparatus is so arranged that a ring tube 12 is placed between the double
walled cover 5 and is provided with bent nozzles 13, extending into the nozzles 8
of the cover.
The front of the cylinder 2 facing the fire is not wholly open as was the case
in the chambered door previously described, but is closed by discs 16 provided
with sector openings 17 as represented in Figure 17.
In Figures 18, 19 and 20, a construction of chambered door is represented
showing a fixed air space 11 with no cylinder body, as in the previous examples.
In the door frame 1 a number of nozzles 18 are arranged into which the smaller
nozzles 8 of the immovable cover 5 extend. The nozzles of this cover can be
closed by means of a sliding disc which is not represented in the drawing, the
air finding access even when the nozzles 8 of the cover 5 are closed by passing
through the space 11 into the nozzles 18 and thence into the fire-box.
Of course the cover 5 may be movably arranged so as to provide for a double
adjustment of the admission of air. In Figures 21 to 25 are schematically shown
similar constructions, Figures 21 and 22 showing a chambered door consisting
of a number of tubes 8 collected in a kind of bundle. In Figures 23 to 25 the
construction of the chambered door is the same only the steam blast apparatus is
differently arranged to that previously described, and consists of a number of
bent tubes being united in a head 19 from which they are supplied with steam.
The tubes 13 are fixed to the cover 5 the latter being adjustably arranged on
the guide rods 20 by which means the quantity of air admitted through the
nozzles is regulated. The nozzles 8 are fixed to a plate 21 and are so placed in
the cylinder 2 that between the latter and the nozzles a space 11 is formed for
the purpose of admitting the air.
In Figures 26 to 29, three examples of chambered doors are represented, in
which the arrangement of chambers differs from that described above. The
chambered door represented in Figures 26 and 27 consists of several concen-
trically arranged funnels or tubes 22 with the truncated cones 23 outside, and
with the cylinders 24 inside the fire-box; the outside funnel is fixed to the door
frame whilst the other funnels are connected or secured in position in any
suitable manner.
Within the central funnel is arranged on a cross piece 6, a screw nut 25 for
the screw spindle 7, the latter carrying either a solid cover 5, or one with a
number of sector openings 26 together with a rotating slide 9. The latter is
also provided with sector openings by means of which the corresponding open-
ings of the cover may be more or less or wholly closed as desired. The quantity
of air can be regulated in two ways either by turning the cover 5, owing to
which the latter would approach the funnel 22 thereby making the space 11
smaller or closing it altogether; or by turning the rotating slide 9 provided

page_text: with openings coinciding with those of the cover 5. The chambered door repre-
sented in Figures 28 and 29 differs from the one which is described in that in-
stead of the cylindrical parts 24 of Figures 26 and 27, a number of concentrically
arranged conical parts 24 are employed.
Figures 30 and 31 represent a chambered door of which the part outside the
fire-box is composed of concentrically arranged truncated cones 23, the length of
which increases in proportion as the cones are nearer to the centre, while the
part projecting into the fire box consists of only a single truncated cone 27
fixed to the door frame.
CLEANING THE TUBES AND SMOKE Box.
The apparatus for automatically cleaning the tubes and the smoke box for the.
purpose of freeing them from deposits and the like is represented in Figures 1 2
and 3. The cleaning of the boiler tubes and of the smoke box is effected by
arranging a solid funnel 28 in the smoke box 29 instead of the ordinarily
employed funnel provided with a slide, said funnel 28 communicating by means
of a tube 30 with the ash pit 31, the end of the tube being developed into a
cone, trumpet or fan shaped, 32 before entering the ash pit.
By this arrangement the smoke box is directly connected with the ash pit and
the ashes and the like passing into the smoke box through the boiler tubes are
sucked into the fire box thus absolutely preventing any accumulation of deposit
either in the boiler tubes or in the smoke box. By means of this arrangement
not only the boiler tubes are kept absolutely clear and clean but there is also no
necessity for scouring the smoke box.
Further, owing to the return of the incandescent ashes back into the ash pit
or on to the grate a total combustion of the same is obtained thus avoiding the
accumulation of partly burned ashes or fuel.
Inasmuch as the smoke box is kept clean escape of sparks is considerably
reduced, for according to the present arrangement, the smoke box cannot become
gradually filled with live sparks which are apt to fly about in great quantities,
the more so as owing to the stopping of the boiler tubes with ashes the blast
pipe must be more and more closed, so. as to produce the necessary strength of
draught according to the extent of the stopping up of the boiler tubes.
By connecting the smoke box with the ash-pit by means of the tube 30 a con-
siderable portion of the smoke gases is re-introduced into the fire-box to be
consumed.
In order to completely avoid smoking from the funnel, the tube 30 is pro-
vided with one or, when required, more blast pipes 34, and in the upper part of
the smoke box 29 preferably, around the blast pipe 37, is arranged a narrow
tubular ring 36 provided with small orifices directed upwards.
The nozzles 34 as well as the ring 36 are connected by conveniently arranged
steam pipes 35, by means of which, whenever steam is discharged from the
nozzles and the ring, the whole of the smoke contained in the boiler tubes and
the smoke box is driven back to and through the fire box, owing to which the
current through the funnel is absolutely smokeless.
The funnel 32, of the tube 30, is provided on both sides with openings 33
which can be opened more or less by means of doors, lids or slides 331, so as to
regulate the quantity of the current entering the ash pit, or fire-box.
Figures 32 and 33 represent a modification of the apparatus described above,
serving for the cleaning of the boiler tubes and the smoke-box, the ashes and
smoke gases passing through the tube 30, being forced not only into the ash pit 31
and under the grate 38, but also, partly or wholly, directly into the fire space.
For this purpose a somewhat inclined wall 39 is arranged below baffle F¹
resting on a support 40, or, on the grate bars. The upper edge of this wall
forms a segment shaped opening 41 with the said baffle F1 by means of which
opening the space 42 is in direct communication with the fire space. At the
bottom of the space 42 is a valve 45 by which admittance to this space can be

page_text: regulated or altogether closed according to requirements. By means of the
same valve 45 the mouth of the funnel 32 leading into the ash pit 31 may be
opened, more or less, or closed, as required. Owing to this arrangement of
the valve 45, the ashes and smoke gases issuing from the funnel 32 of the
tube 30 may be forced either, partly directly into the sphere of the fire through
the opening 41, and partly under the fire grate 38 (through the ash pit 31) or
wholly, either by way of the space 42 and opening 41, or by way of the ash pit
and through the grate. Part of the ashes passing through the space 42 will be
consumed when it comes against the face of the highly heated baffle and the rest
will be consumed either when falling on the grate or when it comes in contact
with the flames. The ashes are also completely consumed. when drawn into the
fire box by way of the ash pit 31 and through the grate 38.
The apparatus, above described, arranged for the purpose of cleaning the
boiler tubes and smoke-box, may also be applied to boilers of other forms of
locomotives and marine engines and to stationary boilers. Two such boilers are
schematically represented in Figures 34 and 35 by way of example, Figure 34
being a vertical section of a marine steam generator, and Figure 35 that of a
steam road locomotive or portable engine, both provided with the apparatus in
question.
In the case of the marine boiler the tube 30, passes from the smoke box 29,
below the grate 38 up to the space 42 where the tube 30 is widened or funnel
shaped. In this way the ashes and smoke gases pass through the opening 41
into the fire space.
The ashes and smoke gases may escape from the tube 30,
by any other arrangement which conditions of space and of convenience may
suggest or require.
In marine boilers such an arrangement has been represented by way of
example. The tube 30 is funicularly extended at 43, and provided with an
opening 44 through which the smoke gases issue under the grate from the
tube 30.
:
The nozzle and the ring 36 described are arranged in a marine boiler in or below
the funnel.
¦
Figure 35 represents a road locomotive boiler. The apparatus for cleaning the
boiler tubes and the smoke box requires no modifications as regards the arrange-
ment. The only observation to be made is that the chambered fire box door is
provided with a steam blast device.
BLOWER.
A special form of blast pipe is employed instead of the generally used steam
blast.
The blower is represented in Figures 36 and 37, and in Figure 38 in two
modifications, and consists as represented by Figures 36 and 37 of a number of
concentric rings 1, 2, 3, 4, of which each higher one is of smaller diameter
and projects through the next ring in such a manner that between two neigh-
bouring rings a free space is left. The lowest ring r¹, provided with a flange f,
is much longer or higher than the others and is conically formed in its lower
part. The several rings are connected together by bolts e secured by means of
screws or rivets, thus forming passages o. The uppermost ring is either closed
with a perforated plate or serves as a guide for a cone a, which can be raised or
lowered in any suitable manner, projecting more or less into the blower for the
purpose of moderately throttling the steam. The lower edges of the rings are
reduced or bevelled so as to form edges by which arrangement and owing to the
shape of the bolts e the conduits acquire the form of nozzles.
The blower represented in a vertical section in Figure 38 consists of a truncated
cone, the surface of which is provided with a number of nozzle-shaped openings o
directed upwards.. This blower may also be provided with a steam throttling
contrivance, as represented in Figures 36 and 37; this however should only be
done in special cases, for ordinary purposes this kind of blower is provided with

page_text: a perforated cover d. Finally, a nozzle s can be arranged in this kind of blower,
being connected with steam coming from the boiler by means of a tube v, so that
the steam passes up through the holes in the cover d.
By the arrangement of such blowers characterised by a number of parallel
conduits directed upwards a better generation of steam can be obtained than
by employing the ordinary blast pipe, besides such blowers serve for extinguish-
ing any live sparks that may pass through them.
FIRE GRATE.
The grates at present in use are so constructed that a uniform admission of air
is provided for on the whole surface, the interstices between the bars being
everywhere of equal dimensions.
Inasmuch as it is of importance in cases of fire boxes for locomotive boilers
and others that a deeper layer of the fuel should be arranged along the sides of
the grate, than along the central portion of it, it follows that in order to pro-
duce a more economical combustion of the fuel on those parts where a greater
amount of fuel is expected to be consumed, a greater quantity of air should be
admitted.
This consideration is met by the construction of the grate bars as represented
in Figures 39 to 41. The bars are placed across a fire-box i.e., their ends are
placed on supports on the longitudinal sides g, g, of the fire boxes as represented
in Figure 40.
:
The bar (Figure 41) is formed so that its breadth gradually decreases from
the centre upwards and ends in such a manner that when the grate is put
together the interstices formed by the bars (the free grate surface) increase from
the, centre of the bars towards their ends.
By employing grates such as described above. a uniform combustion is produced
on the whole surface of the grate, a greater quantity of air entering between
the bars where the greater quantity of fuel is heaped up.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the 'said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: :-
1. A steam generator comprising
(a) An arrangement of baffles in the fire-box characterized by two or more
baffles as F1 F2. . dividing the fire box vertically and horizontally,
the lowermost being arranged at an angle of about 30°, into several
parts the baffles being so arranged relatively to each other that between
them a conduit or conduits are formed for the purpose of crossing the
flames and mixing the fire gases,
(b) a fire box door forming a chamber projecting into the fire box, the
interior of which door is divided into conduits by means of partitions
of any shape or of bodies such as nozzles, tubes, cylinders, funnels,
hollowed cones and the like, and which are provided on the outside
with an adjustable cover or slide, such cover being either solid or per-
forated, or provided with nozzles and also with a rotating slide for the
purpose of securing a double regulation of the air current entering the
fire box and for heating the air as it passes through the chamber;
(c) an apparatus for the purpose of keeping the boiler tubes and the smoke
box free from ashes and deposit, characterized by a tube as 30, con-
necting the smoke box with the ash-pit by means of which tube the
ashes are delivered either underneath the grate and through it into the
fire box, or partly below the grate and partly directed to the fire box,
or wholly directed into the fire box, the tube before entering the ash
pit or fire box being widened into a flat funnel provided with adjustable
openings for the admission of air, and provided with one or more blast
pipes as 34, to increase the sucking action of the tube so that besides

page_text: :
the ashes, also the smokeless gases, are forced into the fire box when-
ever steam is allowed to issue from a tubular ring as 36, arranged below
the funnel of the engine and provided with small holes directed
upwards;
(d) a blower characterized by a truncated hollow cone closed at the top
either by a steam throttling device or by a perforated cover, the surface
of the cone being provided with a number of nozzle-shaped conduits
directed upwards, the lower edges of the surface forming the conduits
being bevelled, such blower being provided for the purpose of produc-
ing a more energetic draught and generation of steam, and of extin-
guishing any live sparks that may pass through it;
(e) a grate the bars of which are so shaped that the free surface of the grate
(interstices between the bars, passages and the like) gradually increase
in dimensions from the centre of the bar to the longitudinal sides g g
of the fire box by which arrangement a proportionately larger quantity
of air is admitted to the proportionately larger quantities of fuel
arranged along the longitudinal sides of the fire box owing to which a
uniform combustion of the fuel is obtained on the whole surface of the
grate.
2. An arrangement of baffles consisting of two baffles as F1 F2, (Figure 4)
one of which is flat and arranged against the boiler tube wall at an upward angle
of about 30° while the other baffle is roof shaped and so arranged above the lower
baffle that one side of the roof shaped baffle forms with it a nozzle shaped
conduit substantially as described.
3. An arrangement of baffles consisting of three baffles, as F1, F2 F3
(Figure 5) of which the lowest is of a breadth corresponding to the length of the
fire-box and extends upwardly and finally horizontally while the upper baffles are
narrow and so placed as to form conduits c between them, while all the three
together form a kind of mixing chamber M, substantially as described.
4. A fire-box door comprising a cylinder, as 2 (Figures 10 to 12) mounted in a
door frame part of the cylinder projecting into the fire-box, and being provided at
the bottom and side with slot shaped openings or with a perforated front plate,
said cylinder being provided on the outside with an adjustable perforated cover
either revolvably arranged on a screw spindle or adjustably mounted on a square,
which cover is provided with nozzles and a revolvable slide, the cylinder or the
cover being preferably provided with a steam blast device consisting of a tubular
ring provided with nozzles, substantially as described.
5. A form of construction of fire-box door of the kind described consisting of
a series of nozzles as 18, arranged in the door frame into which project smaller
nozzles on the fixed or movable cover provided with revolvable slide, substan-
tially as described.
:
6. A form of construction of fire-door of the kind described comprising a series
of tubes arranged in the door frame substantially as described or illustrated in
Figures 21-22 of the accompanying drawings.
7. A form of construction of fire door of the kind described the chambers of
which are formed either of concentrically arranged funnels (as 22, Figures 26
and 27) or of truncated double cones (as 22 Figures 28 and 29) or of truncated
hollow cones (as 22 Figures 30 and 31) the device being provided with an
adjustable cover with a revolvable slide, substantially as described.
8. Means for forcing the ashes issuing from tube 30 either directly into the
fire box or into the ash pit, or partly into the fire box and partly into the ash-pit
comprising a chamber 42 below the bottom baffle in the fire chamber, separated
from the fire space by a wall and communicating with it through an opening 41,
which chamber is provided at the bottom with an adjustable valve as 45 sub-
stantially as described.
9. A blower the funnel of which consists of a number of concentrically arranged

page_text: rings placed one within the other and secured in position by bolts pointed down-
wards and screws or rivets, substantially as described.
10. A fire grate comprising a series of bars the breadth of each bar decreasing
from the centre towards the end, the bars being placed crossways in the fire box
(from one longitudinal side to the other) substantially as described.
Dated this 5th day of September 1899.
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.