AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PILED FABRIC OR MATERIAL
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE
OF PILED FABRIC OR MATERIAL." A communication from abroad by Pierre
Victor Renard, of Paris, France.
Sealed the 29th December 1877, and dated the 16th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1877.
"
A com-
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent. AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PILED FABRIC OR MATERIAL."
munication from abroad by Pierre Victor Renard, of Paris, France.
This Invention consists in the manufacture of a fabric or material imitating
velvet, plush, the down of birds, or the fur of animals, from various fibrous sub-.
stances, or from down and feathers, or from any suitable animal, vegetable, or
mineral substances.
The substances of which the pile is made. are placed lengthwise in a case, above
which is a pressing plate, which is brought down to consolidate the mass by a screw
or other equivalent. At one end of the case is an endless band cutting blade or
other cutter, and beyond that is a holder. At the bottom of the case is a slide to.
carry forward the pile, which is cut off in uniform lengths and secured in the holder,
in which it is taken to a table and placed upright, and adhesive solution is then
applied to the pile to secure the same on to the woven fabric, paper, cardboard, felt,
wood, or other material.
In some cases the pile may be made long enough for several operations. The
woven fabric or paper or other material is then cemented to the pile, and the pile is
cut to separate the fabrics or paper or other material; these operations can be:
repeated until the pile is used up.
This Invention is very beneficial in the manufacture of flock wall papers, for
making hat bodies, and for various other useful and ornamental purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th January 1878.
"
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent. 'AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PILED FABRIC OR MATERIAL." A com-
munication from abroad by Pierre Victor Renard, of Paris, France.
This Invention consists in the manufacture of a fabric or material imitating
velvet, plush, the down of birds, or the fur of animals, from various fibrous sub-
stances, or from down and feathers, or from any suitable animal, vegetable, or
mineral substances.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal, and Fig. 2 a transverse section of a three-sided case,
forming part of the apparatus employed in the manufacture of the improved piled
fabric or material.
In operating upon the waste of fibrous materials it is opened in a suitable
machine, and it is placed evenly lengthwise in the case A, so that the fibres shall
lie as nearly as possible in parallel lines. In order to place the threads of the
warping mill lengthwise in the case A, after they have been wound on the beam E,
like a weaver's warp; the said beam is suspended above the case and caused to
oscillate, to lay the threads x in folds one above the other; the rods y are introduced
in each fold to separate them temporarily. As soon as a sufficient quantity has
accumulated in the case A the rods y are withdrawn, or they may be removed as
the folding proceeds. The screw press B, see Fig. 3, is then applied to compress all
the threads. The ends of thread projecting from each end of the case are now cut
away by the endless steel cutting band, k; the press C is then applied to one
end of the case to force out the threads to the required extent. The case A is
brought against the endless band k, l, which cuts off the required length of thread.
Any other description of cutter may be employed. The short ends of thread thus
cut off can be secured in the frame D, see Fig. 3. This frame has a movable
bottom d, and it is placed in front of the case A before the ends of the thread are
forced out. When the ends of the threads have been pressed against the bottom d
the cutter separates the projecting euds from the mass in the case. The plate with
sides F, see Fig. 4, is then passed over the cut off ends in the frame D. These cut
off ends can now be removed to a table, on which they are deposited on end. The
cut off ends are held in a light metal frame, and any number of layers of ends are
placed one above the other. Each layer is coated with an adhesive solution, by
which they are secured to any woven fabric, paper, cardboard, felt, wood, or other
material.
The adhesive solution may also be applied to the woven fabric or other material
to be ornamented, and it may be a preparation of india-rubber, or gutta percha,
or boiled oil, or varnish, or other suitable substance.
The case A and the frame D may be replaced by several cases, and instead of
having a case of 20 inches long, as shewn, several frames may be used, which are
all of the same length, and of the height of the fibrous materials deposited, which
are secured together by movable clamps. The fibrous materials are placed in these
small frames, which are pressed together and the cutter is passed between them.
The short ends are then placed on a table, and deposited one layer above the other,
as before.
The deposits may be of any height, but the most economical plan is to make them
higher than the pile required on the velvet. For instance, if the ends are from
one-eighth to one-sixth of an inch high, they may be cemented at each end to woven
fabrics or other substances. The double fabric is then separated into two piled
fabrics by cutting the ends asunder...

page_text: If the pile is long enough it may be cut off several times by cementing fresh
fabric or other substance to it after each operation.
The ends or pile cut regularly to the proper height may be used instead of
shearings or flock, and it is evident that the pile is longer, better filled, and naturally
more regular than that obtained in the ordinary manner, and consequently, better
adapted for wall papers and for hat bodies.
In operating upon feathers or down the frames shewn in Figs. 5 to 8 are employed.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section through the line 1, 2, on Fig. 6, which represents a
front view of part of the frames, and Fig. 7 is a plan of Fig. 6.
The vertical frames G, G', are placed on each side of a double comb H, having
needles fitting in a block I. The sides of the feathers are placed between the
needles, and the down spreads out on the zinc plate j placed at the bottom of each
frame. When a layer of feathers has been spread out a zinc plate is placed on each
side, then other layers of feathers and other zinc plates are deposited. When a
sufficient number of layers has accumulated pressure is applied to all the zinc
plates j, and a cutter is passed on each side between the ends of the plates j and the
Deedles h. The down projecting beyond the plates j can now be cemented, and
fabric or other substance, also cemented, is applied to the ends.
When the plates j
are removed the down or feathers adhere to the fabric or other substance, thereby
producing a "feather velvet " or other feather covered surface.
The frames G, G', may be arranged as shewn in the horizontal section, Fig. 8, so
that four plates of zinc can be used instead of two, thus producing four surfaces
corresponding to the surface z, and giving four thicknesses of down or feathers com-
pressed respectively between the zinc plates j, j', and j².
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention communicated to me by the
within-named Pierre Victor Renard, and described the manner of performing the
same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the use of the sub-
stances described to produce the desired effects, as every description of fibres, woven
fabrics, feathers, feather down, fur, or other suitable animal, vegetable, or mineral
substance may be used, and I declare that I claim the improved manufacture of
piled fabric or material in imitation of velvet, plush, the down and feathers of birds,
or the fur of animals, by cutting the same into short lengths and cementing them
to woven fabrics, paper, felt, cardboard, wood, or other material.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-eiglit.
H. B. BARLOW. (LS.)