Improvements in Reversing Apparatus for Turning Looms Backwards for Unweaving or for other Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 17th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 20th Dec., 1887
Improvements in Reversing Apparatus for Turning Looms
Backwards for Unweaving or for other Purposes.
I JAMES RUSSELL Mechanic of Tweedside Cottages Walkerburn Scotland do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists in arrangements of reversing apparatus for turning a loom
backwards for unweaving or for other purposes.
Upon the crank-shaft of the loom I mount three pulleys one of which is fast on the
crank-shaft, the others being loose thereon. To one of the loose pulleys which I shall
hereinafter call the reversing pulley I secure a toothed wheel which gears into a
toothed wheel fast upon a short shaft supported in bearings secured to framework
secured to the loom framing. Fast upon the said short shaft is another toothed wheel
which gears into a wheel provided with internal teeth and mounted loosely upon the
crank-shaft of the loom. Fast to or forming part of the wheel provided with internal
teeth is one portion of a friction clutch, the other portion of the said friction clutch
being fast upon the crank-shaft of the loom. Fast with the loose portion of the
friction clutch is a part provided with inclines which at times act against other inclines
formed upon a part mounted loosely upon the crank-shaft of the loom and abutting
against a collar thereon or against a bracket secured to the framework of the loom
such inclines being prevented from readily turning by means of a brake. When it is
desired to reverse the motion of the loom the attendant places the strap upon the
reversing pulley and thereby causes the whee! provided with internal teeth to be
rotated in a direction opposite to that in which the crank-shaft rotates when the loom
is weaving. The rotation of the wheel provided with internal teeth will cause the
inclines fast therewith to act upon the other inclines above referred to and thereby
bring the loose portion of the friction clutch into contact with the portion of the
friction clutch which is fast upon the crank-shaft so that the crank-shaft will be turned
backward. When the strap is placed upon the pulley which is fast upon the crank-shaft
and the crank-shaft is rotated in the direction for weaving, the inclines upon the loose
portion of the friction clutch sliding upon the inclines loose upon the crank-shaft will
permit an internal spring to separate the two portions of the friction clutch and the
11Q

page_text: reversing pulley and the gearing connected therewith will gradually cease to rotate in
consequence of the action of the brake on the loose part provided with inclines.
In some cases I provide the inclines previously referred to with stops which prevent
the inclines from pressing the two portions of the friction-clutch together with greater
force than is requisite for the turning back of the loom.
I have hitherto referred to portions of the above described apparatus as being
upon the crank-shaft of the loom but such portions of the said apparatus may if
desired be upon a shaft which transmits rotary motion to the crank-shaft by means
of gearing.
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Carlton Chambers,
18, St. Ann's Street, Manchester,
Agent to the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Reversing Apparatus for Turning Looms
Backwards for Unweaving or for other Purposes.
I JAMES RUSSELL Mechanic of Tweedside Cottages Walkerburn Scotland do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention consists in arrangements of reversing apparatus for turning a loom
backwards for unweaving or for other purposes.
Upon the crank-shaft of the loom I mount three pulleys one of which is fast on the
crank-shaft, the others being loose thereon-To one of the loose pulleys which I shall
hereinafter call the reversing pulley I secure a toothed wheel which gears into a
toothed wheel fast upon a short shaft supported in bearings secured to framework
secured to the loom framing. Fast upon the said short shaft is another toothed
wheel which gears into a wheel provided with internal teeth and mounted loosely
upon the crank shaft of the loom Fast to or forming part of the wheel provided
with internal teeth is one portion of a friction clutch, the other portion of the said
friction clutch being fast upon the crank-shaft of the loom-Fast with the loose
portion of the friction clutch is a part provided with inclines which at times act
against other inclines formed upon a part mounted loosely upon the crank shaft of
the loom and abutting against a collar thereon or against a bracket secured to the
framework of the loom, such inclines being prevented from readily turning by means
of a brake When it is desired to reverse the motion of the loom the attendant
places the strap upon the reversing pulley and thereby causes the wheel provided with
internal teeth to be rotated in a direction opposite to that in which the crank-shaft.
rotates when the loom is weaving-The rotation of the wheel provided with internal
teeth will cause the inclines fast there with to act upon the other inclines above referred
to and thereby bring the loose portion of the friction clutch into contact with the
portion of the friction clutch which is fast upon the crank shaft, so that the crank-shaft
will be turned backward-When the strap is placed upon the pulley which is fast upon
the crank shaft and the crank-shaft is rotated in the direction for weaving the inclines
upon the loose portion of the friction clutch sliding upon the inclines loose upon the
crank-shaft will permit an internal spring to separate the two portions of the friction
clutch and the reversing pulley and the gearing connected therewith will gradually
cease to rotate in consequence of the action of the brake on the loose part provided
with inclines.
In some cases I provide the inclines previously referred to with stops which prevent
the inclines from pressing the two portions of the friction clutch together with greater
force than is requisite for the turning back of the loom.
I have hitherto referred to portions of the above described apparatus as being
upon the crank-shaft of the loom but such portions of the said apparatus may if
desired be upon a shaft which transmits rotary motion to the crank-shaft by means
of gearing.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood and carried into effect

page_text: I have hereunto annexed a drawing in which Fig. 1 is an end elevation of so much of
a loom as is necessary to illustrate my invention-Fig. 2 is a side view partly shown
in section Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are views showing upon a larger scale portions
of that which is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
At a is shown part of a loom side-At b is shown a portion of the crank-shaft of a
loom secured to which is the wheel -At d is a driving shaft supported at one end
by the bearing e¹ in the frame e which rests on the floor-The said shaft d is
supported at its other end by a bearing in the fixing f which is bolted to the
loom side a.
d is a nut and washer to prevent the shaft d from moving in the direction indicated
by the arrow 5 when the friction clutch is forced into gear.
The shaft d is prevented from moving in the direction opposite to that indicated
by the arrow 5 by the pulley -The frame e also serves to support the end of the
crank-shaft at -At g is a spur wheel keyed on the shaft and gearing into the
wheel c and capable of imparting motion thereto-The driving pulley his keyed on
the shaft d-At i is a pulley mounted loosely on the shaft d-The reversing
pulley is mounted loosely on the shaft d-Secured to the pulley is a pinion k
gearing into and capable of imparting motion to the pinion which is keyed
to the short shaft m-The shaft m is supported by a boss e forming part of
the frame e-On the other end of the shaft m is secured a pinion n which gears into
and at times imparts motion to the internal wheel o which is mounted loosely upon
the shaft d-The internal wheel o is formed with a friction surface o¹-At p is a
friction cone secured to the shaft d by a key in such a manner that the friction cone p
can be readily moved upon the shaft d so as to be set nearer to or further from the
internal wheel o; the circumference p¹ of the friction cone p is preferably covered
with leather-The parts o' and p together constitute a friction clutch A-At q is a coiled
spring mounted loosely on the shaft d-One end of the spring q abuts against the inside of
the friction cone p and the other end against the boss of the internal wheel o―The
spring q tends to force the internal wheel o in the direction indicated by the arrow 4
The disc r is secured to and forms part of the internal wheel o-On the face of the
discare formed inclines r¹ and and stops and -These inclines and 2
are intended to engage with other inclines hereinafter to be described-The pulley & is
mounted loosely upon the shaft d; upon the face of the pulleys are formed inclines s
and and stops and corresponding to the inclines and stops on the face of the
disc previously described-The pulleys is formed with a groove to receive a rope t―
secured at one end to the bracket bolted to the framing
บ
e -Upon the other end of
the rope t is suspended the weight w-The rope and groove constitute a brake. The
object of this brake is to prevent the pulleys from turning round until its resistance
to turning has enabled the inclines and to force the friction clutch A into contact
with sufficient force to turn the loom back.
When the loom is weaving the highest parts * and ** of the inclines and
are in contact with the lowest parts 1 and 2 of the inclines s¹ and s² respectively;
but when the driving belt is shifted to the pulley j, to bring the reversing motion into
action the inclines and are turned upon the inclines sand such turning of the
disc upon the inclines on the pulleys will bring the inclines into the position shewn
in Fig. 7 and will cause the disc r and internal wheel o to move longitudinally upon
the shaft d in a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow 4 until the friction
clutch is engaged and the stops, and arrive in contact with the stops and s
respectively, when the further turning of the inclines and upon the other inclines
will cease and the resistance of the brake being overcome the inclines ¹³ and s¹²
will rotate together The friction clutch is thus engaged automatically by simply
putting the driving belt on to the reversing pulley j-When the belt is again shifted
to the pulley h the disc is turned in the opposite direction as indicated by the arrow 2
the retarding action of the brake on the disc s will cause the inclines on the disc r to
be turned on the inclines of the discs and the higher parts of the inclines on the
disc r will be returned to the lowest parts of the inclines s' and as shewn in Fig. 8
and the friction clutch will be disengaged and the parts will resume their normal positions.

page_text: In some cases I do not employ the stops and sand in such cases I provide
the shaft d with a collar which is situate between the pulleys and framing
collar receiving the thrust of the inclines.
e such
When it is desired to reverse the motion of the loom the attendant shifts the strap
by means of the ordinary" setting on handle" to the reversing pulley ; and thereby
causes the wheel o provided with internal teeth to be rotated in the direction opposite
to that in which the shaft d rotates when the loom is weaving as indicated by the
arrow 3-The rotation of the wheel o and disc r with its inclines r' and will cause
the said inclines to act upon the incliness and on the discs and whole will by so doing
cause the sliding portion o¹ of the friction clutch A, forming part of the wheel o, to
be forced into contact with the portion p of the friction clutch A, which is fast upon
the shaft d, with sufficient force to enable it to turn the loom backwards-At the
same time the retarding action of the brake will be overcome by the stops and
coming into contact with the stops and sand the whole will rotate together-The
stops and and sands are for the purpose of preventing the inclines and from
pressing the two portions of the friction clutch together with greater force than is
requisite for the turning back of the loom-When it is desired to stop the loom when
either weaving or turning backwards, the strap is placed upon the pulley i when the
loom will stop-When it is desired to start the loom in the direction for weaving
after it has been reversed the strap is placed upon the fast pulley h when the crank-
shaft will be rotated in the proper direction for weaving as indicated by the arrow 1-
At the same time the part p of the friction clutch A and internal wheel o will be
caused to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow 2 and the inclines r¹ and r²
will be turned on the inclines s' and and the spring q will be allowed to separate
the two portions of the friction clutch and the reversing pulley ; and the gearing
connected therewith will cease to rotate in consequence of the retarding action of the
brake on the pulley s.
In the foregoing description I have referred to portions of the above described
apparatus as being placed upon the shaft d which transmits rotary motion to the crank-
shaft b by means of the gearing c and g but such portions of the said apparatus may,
if desired, be placed upon the crank-shaft 6 of the loom-I do not confine myself to
the description of brake described as any suitable brake may be used for the purpose
without departing from my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is
1. The herein before described arrangements of reversing apparatus for turning a
loom backwards, which arrangements consist of the pulley & with its inclines s' and s
and stops and sand provided with a brake, the disc with its inclines r¹ and
and stops and with its friction clutch A all arranged, constructed and operating
for the purposes and substantially in the manner hereinbefore described in reference
to and illustrated in and by the drawing hereunto annexed.
2. The hereinbefore described arrangement of reversing apparatus for turning a
loom backwards which arrangements consist of the pulley with its inclines s' and s
and provided with a brake, the disc with its inclines and and its friction clutch o
all constructed arranged and operating for the purposes and substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described in reference to and illustrated in and by the drawing
hereunto annexed.
Dated this Sixteenth day of November 1887
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Agent to the Applicant.