Improvements in and connected with Window Sashes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 27th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Window Sashes.
THOMAS JONES, Architect, of No. 8, Church Street, Aberavon, in the County of
Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The prime object is to dispense with the use and application of weighted sash lines,
the ordinary sash fastener, and the conversion to my invention from its original
purpose of the hollow boxings of the ordinary sliding sash frames, constructed to
receive weighted sash lines, for the purpose of suspending the sashes with a sash-
balance constructed with metal framing containing from four to six pinion cog wheels,
with spindles journelled into the side framings; two of the wheels are made larger
than the others, and are journelled at a proper distance for their cog teeth to project
through the slot apertures made in the face plate of balance, so as to engage cog
racks fixed in apertures cut out of the side stiles of the sashes. The small pinions do
carry coiled steel springs on their spindles, and are journelled into the side plates
framing at a proper distance for their teeth to engage and revolve in the teeth of
large pinion wheels, the said springs being the power for suspending the window
sashes, and their working is regulated for fastening and unfastening the sashes in their
closed or open position, by either one or two locking bars formed at right angle to a
draw bar, having its handle end projecting from within the framing of the sash-balance
through a slot made in a projecting member of the face plate of its framing, and a
knob handle is fixed on this end for pushing it backward to unfasten, and by drawing
it forward to lock the pinions and fasten the window sashes at any desired distance.
The sash-balance is fixed into an aperture cut through the sashways into the hollow
boxing of one side of the sash frame at about a central distance in the sashes opening
space between the bottom sill and the top piece of the said frame, and this side is
strengthened at this place by blocks of wood being inserted and fastened on each side
of the aperture cut out to receive the balance; and the other opposite side of the
frame is converted for placing in and taking out the sashes. The stile proper on this
side is fixed in its position further back into the frame boxing by the thickness of
two pieces to form the sashways on this side, and the piece to forin the sashway for
the top sash is nailed fast to the said stile proper, and the other bottom sashway piece
having the stop parting bead fastened thereto is hanged by hinges to the side proper
of the frame stile and inside lining, so as to swing open inwards to take out or place
in the top sash; and the inside stop bead on this side is provided with a fillet piece,
and is banged with hinges to the side proper of the frame stile and inside lining so
as to swing open inwards to take out and place in the bottom sash, and the remaining
hollow boxing space is tightly packed with sawdust and cased over with block
linings. Two latches are pivoted to projecting member of face plate of balance,
these can be closed and opened to catches formed on the face side of the draw-bars,
for finally locking the balance and sashes in their closed or open position. In the
sashways above the balance is fixed a stop bolt having two projecting lugs recessed
into the parting and inside stop beads; on the end of the inside lug is formed.a
projecting thumb-piece, and when the bolt is pushed inwards after the top sash is
drawn down below, the lugs will be in the sashways and both sashes are brought to
overlap each other, and their top rails will bear against the said lugs, this arrangement
is to guide the fixing in and taking out the sashes, and sash rollers are fixed at a
proper distance in the sashways and in the side stiles of the sashes, to guide the sashes
to run parallel with the sides of the sash frame.
October 28th 1900

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Window Sashes.
THOMAS JONES Architect of No. 8 Church Street Aberavon in the County of
Glamorgan do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The prime object is to dispense with the use and application of weighted sash lines
and the ordinary sash fastener, and the conversion to iny invention of ordinary hollow
.boxing sash frames. That I am the true and first inventor thereof, and the same is
not in use by any other person or persons to the best of my knowledge and belief, and
1 humbly pray that a patent may be granted to me for the said invention.
Reference is to be had to the drawings in which similar figures of reference indicate
corresponding parts in all the views.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a window having my improvements applied.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the balance.
Fig. 3 is an end view partially broken away.
Fig. 4 is a back elevation of the balance.
Fig. 5 is a transverse section partially on line m m m m Fig. 4 and m m Fig. 7, and
Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the balance with one draw and one locking bar and
Fig. 6 is an end view of Fig. 7 partially broken away.
1. My invention consists with construction of improved double action sash balances
with a combination draw bars and locking bars attached for fastening and unfastening
the two window sashes top and bottom in their closed, open, and any position, and
within its outside framing is journelled from four to six cog pinion wheels, two of
the wheels are made larger in diameter than the other four, one side of their spindles
are made longer on one side than on the other, the long side spindles are journeled into
the side plates framing of the balances, and their short ends spindles are journcled
into the central plate of the balance at a distance for their cog teeth to project
sufficiently outside through the slots apertures made in the face plate, so as to engage
with cog racks fixed in the wrought out grooves of the two side stiles of the top and
bottom sash parts, and each of the four small cog pinions will carry a coiled steel
spring on the long end spindles and are journeled into the sides and central plate
the same way as the other two larger wheels, and at a proper distance to engage and
revolve in the teeth of the larger pinions. The walls of the spring boxing are cast
integral with the outside of framing.
The sustaining power for the sashes being the coiled steel springs regulated by the
cog wheels draw and locking bars separate or double action.
The conversion construction and alteration of both sides of the old constructed
form of box frame made to receive ordinary sash pulleys and weighted sash lines and
make it.adaptable to my invention.
In the left hand side piece of the frame called pulley stile where the meeting rails
of the top and bottom sash parts overlap each other to form the weather joint an
aperture is cut out to receive the fixing in of the sash balance referred to above and
the frame is strengthed by fixing two wood pieces w Fig. 1, from the back open side
clear of the said aperture and between the out and inside linings is nailed on the back
of these and to the inside and outside linings a back casing so as to form a separate
.box to protect the sash balance from the effects of damp.
20
The construction conversion and alteration of the right hand side boxing of -frame
from its original purpose into a usefull arrangement for placing in and taking out
the window sashes from their suspended position in the sash frame. Instead of the
usual pulley stile on this side a plain scantling side piece is fixed further back into
the frame boxing by the thickness of two other pieces of scantling which is to over-
lap and bear against its front side, and be between the said plain scantling piece and
the back side of the sashes. One of the said pieces is wrought out to proper width
and is fastened with nails at interval distance to the said plain scantling side piece

page_text: to form the face side of the outside sashway, and the other said piece is wrought out to a
proper width to form the inside sashway." The parting stop head on this side is
nailed on to the inside edge of this sashway piece projecting out above its surface to
form the two sashways, so as to obviate having any loose pieces about at the time of
placing in and taking out the sash parts, the said inside sashway piece and its parting.
stop on is attached to the frame proper with but hinges, and pivoted at H P Fig. 1,
so as to swing open inwards when the top sash part is placed in or taken out of its
suspended position. And the inside stop head fillet 43 Fig. 1, is attached to the frame
proper with but hinges and pivoted at HP Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 so as to swing open
inwards to take out and fix in in its suspended position the bottom sash part. And at
each end of the stop bead to fillet a flush bolt is fixed to fasten the same securely
when closed in that position. The left hand side stop bead is fastened to frame stile
with wood screws, and the top and bottom inside stops are permanently fixed. The
sash balance represented by Figs. 2, 3, and 4 is provided with four pinion cog wheels
and two coiled steel springs with a separate double arrangement for locking the
balance and the sash parts independent of each other.
The sash balance represented
by Figs. 6 and 7 has a single action arrangement of locking bar and draw bar for
fastening balance and both window parts at the same time. The tendancy of the top
sash to drop over by being suspended by one side only is obviated by fixing at the
top right hand side corner of the top sash part a sash roller to run and bear against
the sashway. And by fixing in another sash roller in the opposite sashway either
above or below the sash balance and the top sash part will by this means run parallel
with the sides of the sash frame, and the rollers bearing against the sashway and side
stile in this manner has a tendancy to prevent the wind to shake the sash parts to
make noise, and the tendancy of the bottom sash to drop over by being suspended
by one side only is obviated by fixing a sash roller in the opposite hinged sashway
right opposite the centre of the pinion wheel in the sash balance, and the tendancy of
the left hand side stile of the bottom sash to press against the sashway is obviated by
fixing into the lower end of stile a sash roller, and this sash part will by this means
run parallel with the sash frame. The glass panes are to be secured with nailed on
hevelled wood stops after first beding them in putty.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I now proceed
to set forth the system mode or manner in or under which the same is or may be
used or practically carried into effect reference more particularly than before
described is here made to the drawings and to the letters and figures marked
thereon.
And to this end the metal frame 1 Fig. 5 is provided inclosing boxes 1" within said
boxes are springs 3 of sufficient power to balance the sashes is coiled. The loop end of
said springs are secured by a screw pin passing through apertures made in the metal
outside framing and through the loop end of said springs and into the theaded
apertures made in central plate 5 Fig. 3. And the other end of spring is attached to
revoluble spindles 4 Fig. 5 journeled respectively one end in the side plates of
frame 1 and the other end in the central plate 5 of frame 1.
Between the hoxes 10 and central plate 5 are the pinions 7 cast integral with their
spindles or otherwise secured thereto, the larger pinions being adapted to project
outward through the slot 9 as illustrated Fig. 4.
And the members 6 projecting sideways from central plate 5 are cast integral to
same and strip 8, and the edges of the walls of the boxings will bear against the
members and plate 44 Fig. 5 which is fixed to cover and protect the springs
within the walls of the boxings and will stop the side frame of balance at its right
distance when fastened to central plate 5 from either side.
The metal frame 1 Fig. 5 consists essentially of three parts the body 13 made up of
the front strip 8 Fig. 3 on one side and the side plates to boxes 10 same figure forming
the other two sides Integral and at right angle with the front strip piece 8 a lug 11
is formed is provided longitudinally with rib 13 which is recessed to admit the passage
of the drawbars 14 of the locking bars 15 and 30 Fig 5 which are cast integral and
at right angle to the draw bars, the knobs 16 are attached to the same with screw pin
"

page_text: or riveted see Fig. 5. The locking bars 15 and 30 áré adapted to engage the
periphery of the pinions between the teeth as shown in Fig. 2 m. The closing in face
plate 19 Fig. 3 has apertures for three threaded screws to pass through to fasten same
to lugs from member 13 and strip 8 same figure has apertures for four screws to
pass through for fastenings. On the face side of rib plate 13 Fig. 2 is pivoted the
two latches A. A. to secure the locking bars in its closed or open position by being
turned on to engage catch B formed on the drawbars face side. Fig. 2 representation
shows this arrangements. The top and bottom window parts side stile is provided
longitudinally the edge at two sides the centre, an aperture is cut out with racks 22
Fig. 5, inserted therein to engage the two pinions 7., The sash roller 23 Fig. 1 is
fixed in the hinged right hand side of the frame sashway.
And the sash roller 24 is fixed in the other sashway, see Fig. 5. And in the sash-
ways on the opposite side of the frame is fixed two sash rollers. 38 Fig. 1 do
represent the inside one. The sash roller 25 is fixed near the upper end of the right
hand side stile of the top sash, and the sash roller 26 is fixed near the lower end of the
left hand side stile of the bottom sash. And hard grain wood is fixed in the
apertures 27 and 28 cut out in the back of the sash stiles with its end grain facing
the rollers to obviate the wear at this place.
In operation the metal frame 1 is inserted in a suitable aperture made in the left or
right hand side of sash way but in the present instance I have selected to show it fixed
in the left hand side at a point which will be at the base of the top sash when raised and
at the top of the bottom sash when closed as illustrated in Fig. 1. When it is desirable
for instance to lower or raise the sashes the pivoted latches A A, to rib plate 13 is
pushed over by the pin handles at the top end to disengage it from catch B on draw bars,
and by pushing back the drawbars by their knobs the locking bars 15 and 30 will be
disengaged from the periphery of the pinions between the teeth, and the locking bars
are now in their open position and the windows can be raised, lowered, and refastened
each part separate of the other as required.
In like manner to above described locking and unlocking of the sashes the balance
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is performed by operating once either way by the single draw and
locking bar.
The right and left hand boxes of the sash frame is converted from its original purpose
and made adaptable to my invention. The right hand side is converted for placing in
and taking out the sash window parts top and bottom, the same arrangement is adapt-
able for placeing in and taking out windows weighted by sash lines.
And to
The fillet of inside stop bead 43 the inside sashway 39 and the parting bead 12 are
hinged at HP Figure 1 to the sile proper 40 of the sash frame and inside caseing 41,
and are represented open on their hinges as shown by dotted lines Fig. 5.
facilitate the fixing in and taking out of the two sash parts for any required purpose
the said sash parts are raised and lowered until they overlap each other as represented
by the dotted lines Fig. 1 and locked in this position by the locking bars being drawn
outwards which is below the stop bolt D which is provided with lugs projecting from
its face side and is fixed in the sashway, and on the end of the inside lug is formed a
thumb piece C, and when the sashes are brought below this bolt is pushed inwards
untill the two stop lugs are in the sashways, and bearing on the top of both sashes to
serve for guides to fix in and take out the sashes as required in the same gear.
And the flush bolts fastenings at both ends of inside fillet stop bead 43 are withdrawn
and the stop bead is swung round on its hinges and the bottom sash is now easily
taken out.
And the sashway 39 with parting stop bead 42 is swung open on its hinges and the
top sash can now be easily removed out of its position, and the sashes can be easily
replaced and secured in their position by the same arrangement.
And an aperture is made in the cutside face of parting stop head 42 this is to obviate
the overlaping piece 45 of the top sash meeting rail forming the joint between the two
sash parts at this point.
The remaining hollow boxes 46 and 47 above and below the balance aperture in the
left hand side of the sash frame, the hollow boxing 45 a, in the right hand side of sash

page_text: frame and the hollow boxing at the top of the frame are to be tightly packed with
saw dust and closed in securely in that position with back lineings.
The spring boxings in the balance frame can be increased in size to receive more
powerfull springs as may be required for suspending heavy windows.
And the pinion wheels can be made in other proportions than those represented in
the said drawings without doviating from the principle of my invention.
The hinge E Fig. 1, is constructed in three parts the flap, l, is to be fastened with
wood screws to side piece 4" and caseing 41, of the sash frame, the flap H is to he
fastened to sashway 39, and the flap P is to be fastened to fillet of inside stop
bead 43.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The construction of the metal balance frame to receive the mechanical appliances
and the mechanical appliances as arranged and placed within the said frame for
suspending locking fastening and unfastening of balance and both sashes top and
bottom, the locking bars and draw bars and the appliances outside of said balance
frame of latches for finally fastening the inechanical arrangements of balance and
the sashes and the fixing of the said balance on one side only of the sash frame
substantially as shown and described.
2. The alteration and conversion of the two sides of the ordinary sash frame made
hollow to receive weighted sash lines, one side adapted to receive the sash balance and
the other side for placing in and taking out the sashes substantially as shown and
described.
3. The hinged sashway and the stop parting bead attached. The hinged fillet
and inside. stop bead, and the plain side stile proper of frame. The metal but hinges
constructed for hanging the sashway and hanging the fillet stop bead independent and
separate of each other substantially as shown and described.
4. The fixing for fastening of two flush bolts one at each end of the hinged inside
fillet stop bead substantially as described.
5. The construction of stop bolt and the fixing of same in the sashway to guide the
placing in and taking out of the sashes as shown and arranged to operate as herein
set forth.
6. The fixing of said hinged sashway the hinged fillet stop bead, and the plain side
stile proper of frame to window frames constructed for weighted lines for the
purpose of placing in and taking out the sashes, substantially as arranged and in the
manner as described and refered to herein.
Dated this 17th November 1800