AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
BRUSHES." A Communication from Ira W. Shaler, of the United States
of America.
Sealed the 19th July 1859, and dated the 16th February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1859.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
This Iuvention relates to a mode of securing the bristles or fibres of
brushes to the handle or back, the same being particularly applicable to
cylindrical brushes. To this end a helical groove is first turned in the handle,
and a plastic siccative cement is then applied to the groove. The bristles are
then inserted in the groove, and secured therein by means of a binding wire
which passes outside of the thickness of bristles, and is fastened at its ends to
CD: 817

page_text: secure it in position. The cement may be made of linseed oil or other
siccative oil and rosin, or other similar and suitable substance, which will be
plastic when the bristles are drawn in.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, GG, Chancery Lane,in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent; bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and graut unto
me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES," being a com-
munication from Ira W. Shaler, of the United States of America, upon
the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) —
This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
relates to a novel mode of securing the bristles or fibres of brushes to the

page_text: handle or back, the improvement being mainly applicable to cylindrical
brushes.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents the improved brush in
longitudinal section; Fig. 2 is a side view of the handle, showing the helical
groove with which it is provided to receive the bristles or other fibres which
form the friction surface of the brush ;. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the
handle shewing the groove charged with adhesive cement; and Fig. 4 is an
end view of the brush.
A is the handle, which may be formed of wood or other suitable material,
and turned to shape in a lathe. The handle may be cylindrical, conical, or
curved to snit any convenience, but the cylindrical form will be generally used.
In either case a continuous groove a must be formed in the handle to receive
a helical or spiral line of bristles or fibres, and also the binding wire and the
cement employed to fix the same in position. The cement (which is to be
filled into the groove, as shown at b in Fig. 3) is preferred to be made as
follows:-Seven parts by weight of common rosin combined with one part of
drying oil, or in about these proportions; its composition may, however, be
slightly varied to suit the weather, or other circumstances of the case. When
the cement has been applied to the groove, the wire B, Fig. 1, is attached at
one end of the handle A, and the bristles or other fibres C being laid in
position over the groove a, are drawn into place by winding the wire around
the cylinder in said groove, the bristles being laid on as the work progresses,
and the wire being drawn down so tightly as to force the bristles down into
and through the cement nearly or quite to the bottom of the groove, the
cement at the time it is applied being sufficiently plastic to allow this to be
done. The adhesive quality of this composition, its slowness of drying, and
its difficulty of solubility when dry, fits it peculiarly for this purpose. When
the bristles are all laid on, it only remains to secure the free end of the wire,
after which the brush is to be laid aside to allow the cement time to set.
Brushes may be made in this way at a very trifling cost, and are very con-
venient, firm, and durable. The handle may, if desired, be polygonal instead
of cylindrical or conical, but the construction described is deemed the best.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of" An Improvement in
the Construction of Brushes," as communicated to me from abroad, and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would remark, that I
am aware that brushes have been made with bristles attached to a cylinder in
tufts arranged in helical lines around it. It is also commonly the practice to
secure the bristles in position after they have been attached to the handle by

page_text: pouring melted resin or glue around the roots of the bristles. I do not, there-
fore, claim these modes of applying and cementing the bristles; but what I
claim, under the above in part recited Letters Patent, is securing lines of
bristles or other analogous stiff fibres to brush handles, in the manner above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have herennto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of August, in the of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
year
A. V. NEWTON. (L.s.)