matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEEDLE CARTRIDGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Warren Roberton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
July 1865.
I, JAMES WARREN ROBERTON, of 8, Blenheim Place, Edinburgh, and 14,
St. James Square, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEEDLE CARTRIDGES," to be as
follows:-
A wad is placed in the rear of the powder in a cartridge made of skin or
any other material. This wad is perforated in the centre, in which perforation
is placed a percussion cap with a hole in the top; this cap is ignited by the
concussion of a hammer or prick of a needle. On the rear side of the wad is
placed a small quantity of powder, through which the hammer and needle
act on the cap, which on ignition fires both the powder in front and rear of
the load. By the latter explosion the wad and cap are both discharged from
the gun.
The annexed diagrams illustrate my Invention.
Fig. 1.-A, paper wad; B, detonating powder placed in rear of the same.
Fig. 2.-Lateral view of wad; A, wad; B, hollow, in which is placed powder
in rear of the detonating powder; F, powder in rear of wad; E, powder in
front of wad. Fig. 3.-Sectional view; A, skin cartridge, containing B; powder;
C, ball; D, wad containing detonating powder E; F, powder in rear of
wad. Fig. 4.-A, felt wad; B, perforation in the centre; C, percussion cap

page_text: sunk in wad; D, lubrication on outside of wad. Fig. 5.-Transverse view of
wad, showing the mode in which the cap is placed in it; A, wad; B, cap. Fig.
6.-Cartridge in section; A, skin containing the ball powder and wad with which
the cartridge is composed; B, felt wad; C, ball; D, powder; E, cap; F,
powder placed in rear of wad and cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATION OF SULPHIDE OF IRON FROM COAL AND CARBONACEOUS MATTER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1865.
I, THOMAS LOMAS, of North Shields, in the County of Northumberland,
Alkali Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATION OF SULPHIDE OF IRON FROM COAL AND
CARBONACEOUS MATTER," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to utilize the refuse of coal pits containing a
mixture of sulphide of iron and coal and commonly called "brasses." It has
heretofore been customary to separate the sulphide of iron and the coal by
hand or by the aid of machinery and water. These methods have been found
incomplete and expensive. Now my Invention consists, first, in breaking the
"brasses" into small pieces by suitable machinery and then allowing them to
fall into a cistern containing a solution of chloride of calcium or other liquid
of such a specific gravity as will allow the coal to float and the sulphurous
compounds to drop to the bottom of the cistern. The separation being thus
effected the coal is removed from the surface and the sulphurous compounds
from the bottom by any suitable mechanical contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-PROOF BUILDINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cunningham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April 1865.
I, JOHN CUNNINGHAM, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer and Architect, do hereby declare tho nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-PROOF BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
I construct the floors, partitions, and other internal portions, and sometimes
part of the walls of buildings, to render them fire-proof, of a number of lengths
of iron or other metal rolled or otherwise formed to resemble in transverso
section the Z iron of commerce, and these I place parallel to each other close
together, or at such distances apart, that the lateral limbs of the Z, that is, those
portions which are bent in opposite directions at right angles to the trunk, sball
be sufficiently far removed from each other that they will retain prepared lime
or other plaster placed upon them, and so dispense with laths. The said
lengths of iron are tied by rods which pass through the trunks of the Z's, and
pieces of pipe on the said tie rods, or other separating pieces, are used to
keep them apart and in proper position. When the lateral limbs are broad
holes might be punched or made in them to give sufficient holding spaces for
the plaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLETS, TICKETS, OR INSTRUMENTS TO BE USED WHEN DRAWING LOTS AND PRIZES, AND FOR SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gammon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1865.
I, CHARLES GAMMON, of No. 9, Cloak Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TABLETS, TICKETS, OR INSTRUMENTS TO BE USED WHEN DRAWING LOTS AND PRIZES,
AND FOR SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in tablets, tickets, or instru-
ments to be used when drawing lots and prizes, and for such like purposes.
For this purpose instead of using the ordinary pieces or strips of paper or
cardboard, folded or otherwise, I propose to employ tablets, tickets, or instru-
ments composed of two discs or tablets of metal, ivory, slate, cardboard, or
other suitable material, either hinged or pin-jointed together. On the adjacent
surfaces of the discs or tablets of which such instruments are composed the
numbers of a lottery, the numbers of horses, or other desired signs or marks
may be engraved, printed, stamped, or indicated in other suitable manner.
In some cases I unite the discs or tablets together by means of a common
eyelet hole in such manner that the discs or tablets may be capable of
turning upon the eyelet hole as upon a pin joint.
Another mode of constructing such instruments is to stamp or otherwise
form one of the tablets or discs of which they are composed with flanges or

page_text: ears turned up in such manner that the other tablet or disc may slide within
such flanges or ears, stops being provided if desired to prevent the two tablets
or discs being separated the one from the other.
Another mode of constructing such tablets, tickets, or instruments is to
print or otherwise indicate the number or other desired mark or sign upon
cardboard or paper, which is then folded and afterwards secured by an eyelet
hole or by a piece of paper or card pasted or gumined over the edges thereof,
or the edges thereof may be secured in other suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCUTCHING AND REFINING FLAX AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUB- STANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Potts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1865.
I, ANDREW POTTS, of Cappagh, in the County of Down, Ireland, Farmer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SCUTCHING AND REFINING FLAX AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon a former Patent
granted to me, the said Andrew Potts, and bearing date the 1st March 1863,
numbered 563. The present improvements consist principally of the following
mechanical arrangements, namely, in the construction of the cylinders, the
blades thereon, and the teeth of the blades. Each cylinder is composed of
four wooden bars that reach from end to end of the cylinder, with suitable
centres of iron, to which the bars are fastened, said centres are bored out and
fitted on a turned shaft that goes from end to end, and is supported in brasses
on a suitable framing. On the edges of the aforesaid bars of wood blades are
fixed, which may be made of cast or malleable iron, steel, or other suitable
metal; those blades that are intended to act on the fibre project a little
further from the center than the wood, and on some of the blades are formed
undulating shaped teeth, that is to say, the top and bottom of the teeth have
the same curve; some of the wooden bars aforesaid are mounted with blades
from end to end, some of them on a portion of the middle only; some of the
blades are teethed from end to end, and some only on a portion of the middle,

page_text: having a piece of same blade at each end left plain, to prevent it acting too
severely on the ends of the fibre. Between the two large wheels of the
machine, when the flax is changed off the first wheel on to the second, a hook
of iron is fixed in a suitable position; the point of this hook always remains
in the lower groove of the second large wheel, and serves the purpose of
depositing the scutched end end of the fibre in said groove, which prevents it
from being scutched a second time in the second pair of cylinders. The
cylinders can be driven by either plain pulleys or cone speed pulleys such as
are used in lathes to vary the speed thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OMNIBUSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cheffins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1865.
I, ALEXANDER CHEFFINS, of 19, Randolph Street, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
OMNIBUSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing the omnibus with open sides, and a
central space between two vertical partitions, whereby the lower part of the
vehicle may be divided on each side into a series of sittings for passengers
resembling a series of "Hansom cabs," capable of being entered separately
through low doors or flaps, and the upper part may be fitted with seats on the
top with a well or space for the feet of outside passengers. The frame of the
omnibus is preferred to be constructed of iron in sheets, united as required
by means of angle iron of suitable sections adapted to the requisite strength
of the different parts. The body of the omnibus is supported by a large
central wheel working in the central space and four smaller wheels, the front
wheels being adapted for turning in the usual manner. It is intended that
the outer sides of the roof should be supported by hollow brass pillars, fixed
one to each pair of sittings in the lower part of the vehicle, and that each
pair of such sittings should be divided by an arm or partition, but these

page_text: arrangements may be varied. There is a step extending along each side of
the omnibus for giving access to the whole series of sittings on each side.
The space above the doors may be fitted with curtains or with glass shutters
as usual in cabs of the kind referred to. The central space at the bottom
of the well for the feet of the outside passengers is covered with perforated!
metal.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE COLLECTING AND DIFFUSING OF WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wyatt Orford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
September 1865.
I, CHARTES WYATT ORFORD, of Lifford, King's Norton, Worcestershire,
Engineer and Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE COLLECTING AND DIFFUSING OF
WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the collection and diffusion of water or
fluids by means of a machine, consisting of a cylinder fitted with a piston, the
water or other fluid being admitted on each alternate side of the piston by
means of what is commonly known as a four-way tap or cock, the alternate
opening and shutting of which is effected by means of a slide rod connected
with and joined on to the piston rod. The piston rod is made so that if it
requires to travel farther than the piston itself it moves through the piston for
any required distance, its further course being arrested by means of stops
placed on the rod above and below the piston for that purpose; by this means
the plug of the tap is turned at each successive stroke.
Provision is made for a continuous stream by baving the cylinder partly
surrounded by a closed air vessel, which is connected with the delivery pipe
in the usual way.
It is proposed to work the machine either by hand or other motive power,
as may he requisite
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR-PLATED AND OTHER SHIPS OR VESSELS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO FORTIFICATIONS GENERALLY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Saunders Jeffreys at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1865.
I, JULIUS SAUNDERS JEFFREYS, of No. 31, Regent Street, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR-PLATED AND OTHER SHIPS OR VESSELS, ALSO APPLICABLE
TO FORTIFICATIONS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing armour-plated vessels by placing a
number of tubes, of sufficient diameter that projectiles can pass through them,
across the vessel, such tubes being made trumpet-mouthed so as to open out
at either side of the vessel. The surface of the vessel intervening between
the openings of two such tubes is by this means formed convex, so that a
projectile on striking such convex part will glance off and pass into one of
the said tubes. The tubes and convex surfaces may either be formed rounded
or angular. The tubes passing through the vessel may conveniently form the
deck beams, and by forming communications between the interior of such
tubes and the interior of the vessel they may also serve for the purpose of
ventilation.
The trumpet-mouthed openings of the tubes, as also the intervening convex
surfaces, are made of sufficient strength to be shot-proof, either by forming
the trumpet mouth and convex surface of one plate, or by making them of
separate plates. By tying all the tubes passing through the vessel rigidly

page_text: together the vessel may be made of such strength as to be applicable as
a ram.
The same construction of trumpet-mouthed tubes and intervening convex
surfaces may also be employed for fortifications generally. The projectiles
passing into such tubes may be conducted into shot-proof spaces in connection
therewith. Such tubes passing through the sides of the vessel, arranged either
transversely or longitudinally, may be employed simply for purposes of venti-
lation, irrespective of armour-plating, for men-of-war or for merchant vessels,
and the openings of the tubes, both in this case and in the before-described
application, may be provided with slides or sluice valves so that they may be
closed in heavy weather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING,. DOUBLING, OR WINDING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents,.. with his Petition, on the 7th
November 1865,
I, MARTIN JOHN ROBERTS, of Pendarren, near Crickhowell, in the County
of Brecknock, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING,.
DOUBLING, OR WINDING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL," to..
be as follows:-
My improvements consist in a better method than is usual for placing or
passing thread, yarn, roving, or other form of fibrous material into the hollow
or tubular part of spindles, flyers, or other apparatus used in the manufacture
of fibrous materials when such spindles, flyers, or apparatus have these hollow
or tubular parts-running in-a bearing or support (for example, the tubular
head of a flyer or spindle running in a top bearing); and my improvements
also consist in a new method of preventing the undesired escape of the thread,
roving, or fibres from this hollow or tubular part..
I obtain these results by making a slit or aperture in the hollow or tubular
part of the spindle, flyer, or apparatus, and a corresponding opening in the
bearing upon which it runs, and through this or these I pass the thread or
other fibres under operation into the hollow part, and to prevent the yarn,
thread, or other fibres from flying out again through this slit I fix to the
mouth of the tubular part a curled wire, sometimes called a "twizzle," or a
curled tube, or the hollow part may itself be curled or made to overlap itself.

page_text: And I sometimes use for the purpose of preventing the yarn flying out a flap
or door, which by means of a spring, or by its own centrifugal force, or other-
wise, closes upon the slit or aperture before named, and thus prevents the
escape of the thread or other fibres by way of this slit or aperture..
AN IMPROVED DRAG FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1865

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Edward Dobbs at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1865.
I, ARCHIBALD EDWARD DOBBS, M.A., of Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED DRAG FOR CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The improvement consists in attaching skids or drag shoes to carriages in
such a way that they may be slipped under the wheels when wanted, and
released and carried into place ready for use again without backing or
stopping the carriages.
A skid is attached to one end of a bar, having its other end enlarged, and
an opening in the enlarged part through which the axletree passes so made
that tho skid can be moved round the tire of the wheel at different distances
from the tire. The distance is regulated either by the opening aforesaid
working on a cam, or by a pin in the bar moving in a cam-shaped groove or
against a curved spring, by passing along which the pin is guided. If neces-
sary a toothed wheel upon the nave holds a catch on the above-mentioned
bar, and carries the skid round the wheel into place. When the skid is not
in use it is held in front of the wheel by a detent connected with the carriage,
and on the said detent being moved it slips under the wheel, and a piece
proceeding from it is caught by the same detent and the wheel locked. On
the detent being moved again the skid is released and carried round the
wheel into place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER OR CLOTH-LINED PAPER COLLARS, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Atkins Woodbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1865.
I, JAMES ATKINS WOODBURY, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of
America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER OR CLOTH-LINED PAPER COLLARS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The nature of said Invention consists chiefly in giving to the surface or
surfaces of paper collars the appearance of linen or other woven material by
passing the paper between a pair of pressure rollers, one of which at least
is covered with linen fabric or other substance suitable to secure the desired
result.
The indentations of the paper required to give the appearance of linen
collars are preferably made after the process of calendering is completed.
These indentations in the surface or surfaces may be made, however, either
by covering the roller or rollers with a woven material; or metal and wooden
rollers may be suitably engraved or roughened to accomplish the same object.
Instead of rollers to produce the indentations, presses may be employed, in
which may be placed one or more sheets of paper. When several sheets are
to be indented by one operation of the press, flat indented or engraved plates

page_text: or sheets of fabric should be placed between the sheets of paper, as well as
at the outside of the same, when it is desired to indent both surfaces of the
collar.
The paper or cloth may be dampened previous to being passed through the
rollers or into the presses if found desirable, but the indentations can be produced
when both materials are dry by the application of sufficient power. To secure a
better finish the indented sheets of paper or the collars may be passed through
light calender rollers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LETTER CLIPS OR PAPER HOLDERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edwin Dixon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1865.
I, HENRY EDWIN DIXON, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LETTER CLIPS OR PAPER HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after explained, in
letter clips or paper holders, by which improvements great facility is secured
in filing letters or papers, and in removing any letter or paper from the clip or
holder which may be required.
I make the base of the letter clip or paper holder of wood or millboard of a
size larger than that of the letters or papers to be held. The clip or holder is
intended to be hung against a wall. To that edge of the clip or holder which
constitutes the top edge when hung I connect a metal spring flap, the said
flap extending nearly along the whole of the top edge, and distant therefrom
about an inch. This flap is connected to the base by means of axes at its
ends working in uprights secured to the base, strong coiled springs upon the
said axes pressing the flap forcibly against the base. By means of an arm or
thumb plate on the flap it may be raised from the base. The middle of the
said flap is expanded into a large broad tongue extending a considerable distance
down the base. In the middle of this tongue is a slot at right angles to the axes
of the flap. In the centre line of the base two pointed pins or wires are fixed,
the said pins or wires being bent towards one another, their pointed ends
nearly touching each other. When the spring flap is in its normal position.

page_text: these pins or wires protrude through the slotted tongue of the said flap. In
order to file letters or papers in the clip or holder the arm or thumb plate of
the flap is pressed and the tongue of the flap raised from the base, leaving the
pointed pins or wires clear. The letters or papers to be filed are inserted
between the points of the wires, and are passed upon the lower pointed wire.
The flap is liberated, when its tongue forces the letters or papers filed flat
against the base, and holds them there firmly.
In order to withdraw any particular letter or paper from the series filed it
is only necessary to lift the spring flap and fasten it back by means of a hook,
when those letters or papers above the one required can be passed from the
lower pin or wire on to the upper pin or wire, and the required letter or paper
removed. The letters or papers passed on to the upper pin or wire can be
then replaced on the lower one and the flap liberated. A loose cover
hangs down the front of the clip or holder to protect the letters or papers
from dust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS' FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM COAL, SHALE, AND OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1865

page_text: SPECIE
TION: left by Allan Craig' at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October 1865.
..I, ALLAN CRAIG, of. Leeswoodhill Colliery, Mold, in the County of Flint-
shire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS' FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM COAL, SHALE, AND OTHER MINERALS,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements apply to the retorts used for extracting oil from coal,.
shale, and other minerals containing oil.
In the retorts usually employed the oil escapes or is taken from the retort.
at the upper part thereof; and it has been found in practise that some of the
oil is condensed in the retort, and falling down to the bottom thereof becomes
burnt and destroyed. For the purpose of preventing this waste and pre-
serving the oil, I propose to draw off the latter from the retort at the bottom,..
which although attempted has been hitherto found impracticable, owing to
the difficulty of keeping the dust and dirt out of the oil, and also the difficulty
of discharging the coke from the retort.
To obviate these difficulties I propose to construct a retort as follows:-I
construct a vertical retort with a hopper at the top for supplying the coal or
mineral, and a vessel containing water at the bottom, and with the usual fire-
place and flues for heating the same; the diameter of the retort at the bottom
being larger than at the top. In the interior of this I place a casing
constructed (by preference) in a cylindrical form, and consisting of a series
of pieces or rings placed one above the other, so as to present a perfectly

page_text: smooth and cylindrical surface on the exterior. These pieces or rings are so
constructed as to leave interstices or spaces between each, and so that the lower
edge of each ring shall overlap the upper edge of the one below it. The oil from
the coal or other mineral passes through these interstices or spaces into the
interior of the casing, and passes out through a horizontal or other pipe
connected to the latter at or near its lower end. It will be observed that by
these means the whole of the oil extracted will be removed at once, and that
as the annular space between the internal casing, and the exterior of the
reservoir is wider at the bottom than at the top, and the latter is perfectly
smooth externally no obstruction is offered to the descent of the coal or other
mineral, at the same time that all dust or dirt is prevented from passing
through and mixing with the oil.
I may here observe that although I have spoken of the internal casing as
cylindrical (by preference), yet it will be evident that it may be of a square,
hexagonal, oval, or other form, if desired;, and also that the said casing might
be cast in one piece (instead of several) if the edges of the interstices are
not made to overlap each other, but I prefer to make them, as, first. above.
specified.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Xavier Joseph Barbaix
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1865.
I, JULES XAVIER JOSEPH BARBAIX, of Bonnines, in the Province of Namur.
Kingdom of Belgium, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention bas for object the stopping of railway carriages, by
utilizing the force which acts on the buffer when the speed of the train is
slackened, and the Invention consists in transmitting the recoil movement of
the buffers (produced by the slackening of the speed of the train) by means
of rods suitably made and fixed to the rod of the buffers, and to a spring
which acts direct by means of a lever upon the shaft of the brake, which is
adapted to the carriage, or with which they are already provided.
Let it be supposed that the carriage is provided with brake blocks with a
shaft and a collar, with or without slide lever. I do away with the crank
arm and the lever upon which the guard acts, and I replace it by the following
mechanism. I apply to the main shaft of the brake a vertical lever perforated
with a hole, which by means of a cap or a fork provided with holes is fixed
to a lever by means of a bolt. A rod of a variable length, with which the cap
or fork is provided, has an arm-piece with a hinge which unites it to a spring,
which spring being supported by guides or by the sleepers of the carriage acts
horizontally. Each extremity of the spring is joined to the rod of the buffer

page_text: by a cap provided with a rod, which rod is joined to that of the buffer by
means of an arm-piece, having a socket and hinge, which allows the traction
spring its full play.
It will be easily understood that any recoil movement of the buffer is
transmitted to the lever and forces the blocks to press on the wheels, which
pressure is stronger as the back movement of the buffer is greater.
To back a train, the bar of a buffer is provided with two cast-iron ears
perforated with a hole, between which ears is a stopper. The stoppers of
each buffer are joined together by a bar, which allows of raising them up
together at each side of the carriage.
If the carriages are not provided with buffers or traction springs, it is
merely necessary to adapt to them two buffers with stoppers, or even one
buffer with one stopper, which will act in the first case on the spring by means
of a rod, and in the second by means of a fork, with which the extremity is
provided. If it be wished to let the buffers act entirely on the brake, it is
merely necessary to have the end of the thick blades of the traction spring
made flatwise, and make the rod of the buffer pass through the plate, which
will be joined by means of rods to the brake spring.
A stopper placed on the rod of the buffer, or on the rod, will serve to unlock
the brake. If it is fixed with a socket and cylinder the brake will unlock as
soon as the train is in motion.
AN IMPROVED DOMESTIC IMPLEMENT FOR PARING POTATOES, APPLES, AND OTHER LIKE VEGETABLES AND FRUIT
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Burfitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1865.
I, CHARLES BURFITT, of Bernard Terrace, Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED DOMESTIC IMPLEMENT FOR PARING POTATOES, APPLES, AND OTHER LIKE
VEGETABLES AND FRUIT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a cutting instrument suitable for paring or removing
the peel from potatoes and apples, and consists in forming same as follows:-.
In a suitable holder about 7 inches long I adjust a piece of tempered steel,
the edges whereof are bevilled so as to form cutting edges; this piece of steel I
fix at an angle of about 30 degrees by grooves or slots to the holder, taking care
to leave space between said holder and the cutting edge. One end of the
holder is formed as a handle, and the other end has a short pointed
blade of thin steel fixed thereinto. To use this implement the operator holds
the potatoe or apple in one hand, and with the cutting implement-in the other
proceeds to remove the peel, using it similar to an ordinary knife, with this
advantage, that whereas by the use of a common knife great waste occurs by
cutting away too great a thickness of the peel; by the use of the above-
mentioned improved implement any thickness of peel can be removed with
certainty and ease. The pointed end of the implement is intended to bo used
to remove the eyes or specks from potatoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufréné at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1865. A communication from Monsieur Charles Tellier, residing at
Passy, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRÉNÉ, of the General Patent Offices, 10, Rue de la
Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury,-
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
The Invention communicated to me has for its object the employment of
ammoniacal gas soluble in water or other absorbing body for the production
of motive power.
The properties of ammonia on which this application is based are, firstly,
the great solubility of ammoniacal gas in water; secondly, its easy liquifi--
cation; thirdly, the property it possesses at the ordinary temperature of
producing pressures suitable for manufacturing operations; fourthly, the
faculty of overheating its vapours without having to employ too high a tem-
perature; fifthly and lastly, and an essential particular is, first, the faculty
of collecting it while dissolving it, and, secondly, of withdrawing from the

page_text: utilized vapours the latent caloric they carried away to transmit it to the vapours
to be again formed and employed.
From the combination of these various properties the following results
take place, videlicet:-If a certain quantity of liquid ammoniacal gas
be enclosed in any suitable place, and at the same time about 5 times
a greater quantity of water, the whole of the gas may be evaporated,
and will become fit for a motive power at a pressure of about 10 atmospheres.
This effect will be regular, inasmuch, as is before described, the caloric
necessary for the gasification of the ammonia will be furnished constantly
by the caloric of condensation (and in combination) disengaged in tho aqueous
solution.
The operation is performed in a large factory possessing extensive
means of action (either natural or artificial), by collecting and liyalfying the
ammonia, and the liquid is conveyed to the place where it is to be employed,
and will produce without any preparation, instantaneously and economically,
a motive vapour ready to be employed.
The solution formed by the ammonia when colleeted is afterwards conveyed
to the factory and regenerated for the recovery of the ammonia it contains,
again liquified, and conveyed to the place where it is to be used.
It will not be necessary to describe the means of employing the motive
power produced by these improvements, as it is applicable to all the ordinary
steam engines, provided they are constructed to allow of the motion being
produced, and so as to collect all the gas that escapes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PARAFFINE LAMPS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Gallafent at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1865.
I, DANIEL GALLAFENT, of Stepney, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PARAFFINE LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in lamps for burning paraffine consist in so arranging
the parts that air admitted to the centre of the flame in the manner of an
argand burner produces a bright clear flame, and enables the lamp to be
used with an ordinary cylindrical chimney. My lamp burner consists of
two tubes disposed concentrically with a small annular space between them
in which the cylindrical wick is disposed, I prefer the inner tube to pass
through and down to the bottom of the lamp at which point the air is
admitted, this arrangement permits of the introduction of a long wick which
will last for, say, six or twelve months, but the said tube may be short and
have air openings at the side of the lamp, in which case a short wick must
be employed. I arrange the top of the inner tube at a less elevation than
the outer one, say about one-eighth of an inch, and on this depends in a great
measure the success of the lamp while the wick protruding between receives
little or no elevation above the outer tube. The inner tube I make a

page_text: fixture and roughen it longitudinally, on which the wick is slid down; the
outer tube I fit on by a sliding socket, it is furnished in the interior with a
screw thread which is screwed on the outer surface of the wick, so to speak,
it is simply necessary to turn round the outer tube, which rotates freely on
its socket, but remaining at the same, elevation screws the wick up as desired;
the reverse movement lowers the wick to put out the lamp. The elevating
screw may be a separate piece from the outer tube if desired, other and
ordinary arrangements may be made for raising the wick, a gallery or chimney
is fitted on the outer tube and the chimney disposed with the lower end a
little below the top of the outer tube; air, of course, enters around the outside
of the flame as well as in the interior as described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAOUTCHOUC
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 11th February 1865.-A communictaion from
Messieurs Léon Désire Innocent, and François Perroncel, residing
at Montrouge, in the Empire of France.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the General Patent
Offices, 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invenion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAOUTCHOUC,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing artificial caoutchouc capable of
resisting acids, and a high temperature, and of replacing oilcloth and varnished
or plain leather and other similar products.
To carry out the Invention I take 56 lbs. of caoutchouc cut in small pieces,
12 lbs. of gutta percha cut in small pieces, or about 67 lbs. of caoutchouc; if
gutta percha is not used, 67 lbs. of powdered cork or sawdust, 11 lbs. of flower
of sulphur, to which I add about 67 lbs. of any dissolving agent, such as
sulphur of carbon or turpentine. I leave the whole to macerate from 10 to
24 hours; when in a state of paste I cause it to pass through heated rollers,
by which I obtain sheets of any length. I can replace the whole or part of

page_text: the sulphur by a compound of sulphured chlorine, such as the chlorides and
sulphites of sulphur, lime, zinc, lead, or by the basis with which the above
agents are formed, I pass the sheets slowly in a bath heated to about 122°
Fahrenheit, and which I compose of about 22 gallons of distilled or rain
water, 56 lbs. of alum, 12 lbs. of sulphate of iron, copper, or zinc, 2 lbs. of
alumina.
To obtain sheets of a strong black color I immerse them in another similar
bath to which I add a solution of gall nut, tan, or any other substance
containing tan.
The sheets of the composition prepared as herein-before stated are placed
in a closed boiler heated from 266° to 302° Fahrenheit, for a space of time
varying from 1 to 3 hours, according to the thickness of the sheets. When
taken out if the sheets are rough they are pumiced over; if they are to
receive either varnish or to be printed I cover them by means of a brush
with the following solution:-In about 3 gallons of water at 95° Fahrenheit
I put 7 lbs. of sulphate of iron, copper, or zinc, 45 lbs. of alum, 2 lbs. of
sulphate of alumina, 23 lbs. of alkaline soap, the iron and allumina salts
can be replaced by every kind of salts producing nonsoluble salts, with
alkaline soaps; I add to the mixture about 23 lbs. of hard siccative oil heated
to about 158° Fahrenheit, I wash the compound, dry it, I then add 23 lbs. of
soft siccative oil, heat the whole again at the same degree, and when cooled
I add 7 lbs. of benzoin, or any other similar agent to enable the compound
to be spread on the sheets.
AN IMPROVED OVERFLOW FOR BASINS, SINKS, AND BATHS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Hourston Craigie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
October 1865.
I, HUGH HOURSTON CRAIGIE, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED OVERFLOW FOR BASINS, SINKS, AND BATHS," to be as follows:-
The cluster of small holes usually provided in basins, sinks, or baths
for an excess of water to overflow or run away by a pipe is very liable to
be obstructed by any floating substance, and thus produce an overflow of
the water at the edges of the vessels; this frequently does considerable
damage to the building in which such sink, basin, or bath is located.
These holes are also generally inadequate to carry away the overflow,
because the space at the end of the overflow pipe into which they open is
not sufficiently extended to allow of the use of a large number of such
holes.
The nature of my said Invention consists in the use of a pipe or waterway
extending around the sides of the basin, bath, or sink, or in any other
direction, and having holes from this pipe or waterway into the inside of
the basin, sink, or bath, thereby I am enabled to employ a sufficient
number of holes to convey away any water that otherwise would accumu-
late and run over the edge of the basin, bath, or sink. And the aforesaid
pipe or waterway uniting at the level desired for the water with the main

page_text: escape pipe the water will not run off from the basin, sink, or bath until
it rises to that level, and thereafter cannot rise any higher, the overflow or
escape being ample for conveying away water running in; and such over-
flow holes are not liable to become obstructed..
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-HOES AND DRILLS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holmes, George Thomas
Holmes, and Frederick Robert Holmes at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th June 1865.
We, JAMES HOLMES, GEORGE THOMAS HOLMES, and FREDERICK ROBERT
HOLMES, of the City of Norwich, Agricultural Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-HOES AND DRILLS,"
to be as follows:-
In horse-hoes and drills, as heretofore constructed, the stalks of the hoes
and the coulters of the drills have been affixed to levers acted upon by
weights or springs. The present improvements consist in dispensing with
levers, and attaching the stalks or coulters to springs. For this purpose two
or more transverse shafts are mounted in suitable bearings at the sides of the
machine. Upon these shafts there are a number of carriers, to which one
end of the springs are bulted, and to the opposite ends of the springs the
stalks or coulters are affixed. Upon the upper side of each spring there
is a slotted plate, held in position by the screw bolt of the spring; the sliding
of this plate backward or forward regulates the power of the spring. The
position of the hoes or coulters is governed by a lifting handle conveniently
placed within reach of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS INTENDED FOR HUMAN FOOD, AND IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gamgee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1865.
I, JOHN GAMGEE, of the Albert Veterinary College, Bayswater, in the
County of Middlesex, Professor of Veterinary Surgery, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
ANIMALS INTENDED FOR HUMAN FOOD, AND IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the internal administration of certain tonic,
astringent, or antiseptic agents during life, whereby the blood and other
constituents of the bodies of animals are rendered capable of resisting
putrifaction for an indefinite period of time after death. The agents pro-
posed to be used are tannic and gallic acids, oak bark and leaves and oak
galls, chinchona barks, bark of the mimosa, catechu, terra japonica,
ratanhia root, root of the krameria triandria, leaves of the walnut tree, and
other tonic, aromatic, and astringent roots, barks, and leaves containing
tannic or gallic acids or other active principles. These agents may be
used either separately or in combinations. The preserving agent or agents
may be introduced into the systems of animals with the food they eat or
the water they drink, or by injection into the blood vessels, or into the
subcutaneous areolar tissue, or into the rectum during life. The carcase
or parts of carcases of such animals treated as aforesaid and intended for

page_text: long preservation and distant voyages are to be packed in tallow so as to
exclude the air completely from them, or in charcoal, whether animal or
vegetable; or the vessel containing carcases or parts of carcases so treated
may be filled with nitrogen or carbonic acid gas, as these gases, by
excluding the atmosphere tend to prevent decomposition.
In addition to administering the above agents internally for several days
in succession prior to slaughtering the animals, it is proposed to wash the
surface of the carcase whilst still warm with a hot decoction of any of the
aforesaid agents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Clark Bustol, of Chicago, in the County
of Cork, and State of Illinois, United States of America, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES'
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Richard Clark. Bristol at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 20th July 1865, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN, that I, RICHARD CLARK BRISTOL, of Chicago, in the County of
Cork, and State of Illinois, United States of America, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES," and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer--
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in slide valves. In the-
Specification of a Patent granted to John Henry Johnson for an Invention
communicated to him by me, the aforesaid Richard Clark Bristol, such
Patent being dated the 20th of November, 1863, No. 2927, there is described
a steam engine slide valve supported on rollers which are interposed between
the valve and the face on the two sides, so that when at work these 1ollers

page_text: on the two sides carry the greater part of the pressure of the steam on the
valve, and there is but little friction between the valve and its face; the
rollers, however, being in this arrangement independent the one of the other,
are liable to congregate together or otherwise get deranged in their position,
and then they fail to work efficiently, and do not give the valve a proper
support, According to my present Invention I mount all the rollers in the
same series in a frame which keeps them at their proper distances apart, pins
carried by the frame passing loosely through holes at the centres of the
rollers. The rollers, as before, travel with the valve a distance equal to one
half the length of its stroke, but according to the present Invention, they are
prevented traversing too far towards either end of the valve by their frame,
the ends of which come up to the ends of the valve case at either end of the
stroke, and the ends of the valve case thus keep the frame of rollers truly in
its place under the valve, or stops may be specially provided in the valve case
for the purpose
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect. I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto

page_text: Similar valves may be used in water engines and other engines worked by the
pressure of a fluid.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Clark Bristol, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
R. C. BRISTOL. (L.S.)