An Improved Mode of Constructing Flues for Brick, Terra Cotta, and other Kilns.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th Dec., 1891-Accepted. 30th Apr. 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Mode of Constructing Flues for Brick, Terra Cotta, and
other Kilns.
I GEORGE PITT of Ironmonger Row Coventry, Foreman Brickmaker, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to flues of kilns for burning bricks, terra cotta,
pipes and other articles, and is an improvement on my former Patent No. 2733
2 dated 1884, and which still further reduces the cost of constructing the kilns and
also the quantity of fuel consumed, and at the same time greatly improves the con-
dition of the articles to be burnt, and consists as follows.
The kiln is generally 112 to 120 ft. long, it is made double and divided into 6 or
more chambers on each side. In my former Patent the flue was built under the
ground the whole length of the kiln but by this improvement it is carried up the
centre wall dividing the chambers and thence along the kiln. The top portion of
the flue being constructed wider than the portion leading from the furnace, and this
gives greater heating surface. By this arrangement a great expense in building is
saved in not having it underground and consequently very strong to bear the
weight of the centre wall. Another great advantage of this improvement is that
the flue never gets damp after it is once dry.
Above this flue another one is constructed to connect the chambers on each side
and to convey hot air from one chamber to another, and also to take hot air from the
cooling chamber and pass it into the damp chambers in front of the fire to dry the
bricks or otherwise before the fire is turned on to them, and this flue is worked and
regulated by valves fitted in the centre of the same.
Dated this 21st day of September 1891
B. F. WALLACE, WEATHERDON & Co.,
11, Southampton Buildings, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Mode of Constructing Flues for Brick, Terra Cotta, and
other Kilns.
I GEORGE PITT of Ironmonger Row Coventry, Brickmaker do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved mode of constructing and arranging the
smoke flues and hot air flues of brick and other kilns, and in using and employing
small flues fitted with valves for regulating and conveying the heated air from the
said hot air flue into the different chambers or divisions of the kiln as required, and
this invention is an improvement upon my former Patent No. 2733 dated 1884.
My invention consists as follows. In my old system the smoke flues were con-
structed entirely underground for the full length of the kiln, and as it had to bear
the whole weight of the centre wall it necessary to build it strong, and was conse-
quently expensive, but in this my improved system the smoke flue is carried up
through the centre wall and runs between the arches from end to end of the kiln.
Above the smoke flue I construct a hot air flue or chamber and from this the
smaller flues lead into each chamber or division of the kiln and these flues are fitted
with regulating valves to cut off or pass the hot air into the different chambers as
required.

page_text: By this means the hot air is passed from the cooling chambers
to the damp chambers in front of the fire to dry the bricks or other articles before
the fire is turned into them.
In addition to economy in building, a great saving of fuel is obtained and the air
gets much hotter than in the old system, and also the flue never gets damp after it
is once dry, and another great advantage is that, by this my improvements the
bricks or other articles are of a much better colour, more sound and superior in
every respect when finished.
The general construction of the kiln is much the same as hitherto, and when
built is about 112 to 120 ft. long, and consists of two large tunnels one on each side,
and these are divided into 12 or more chambers or divisions by dead walls made up
generally with green bricks so that they are burnt with those in the chamber and
taken out with them, and so it prevents waste of space.
The working of the hot air flue or chamber is as follows on drawing the bricks
or otherwise out of say No. 2 chamber, No. 3 is cooling off, then the valve over
No. 3 is raised for the hot air to pass down through the articles in No. 8 chamber,
and when the valve of No. 4 is raised No. 9 is also, and so on round the kiln.
The accompanying drawings represent at
Fig. 1 a plan view showing the arrangement of the flues underground to the
centre wall, likewise the foundations and position of the chimney shaft and it is
necessary for the
for the proper working of my improved flues that the shaft be built in the
position shown in the drawings.
Fig. 2 is also a plan view and shows the setting out of the walls which carry the
arches, the square holes seen in the centre wall are carried up to the smoke flue
which runs between the arches and along the whole length of the kiln to the shaft,
and through this smoke flue the fire passes from each end of the kiln and from one
side to the other and so makes a continuous fire all round.
Fig. 3 is a sectional side view of the kiln and shows the manner in which the
centre wall is carried up and also the smoke flue running along the top of same the
whole length of the kiln to chimney stack. The hot air flue or chamber is also
seen constructed on the top of the smoke flue and from which the smaller flues
(fitted with the valves) run to regulate and pass the hot air from the cooling part of
the kiln and so pass it down through the green bricks or otherwise and so dry them
to receive the fire.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the further end of the kiln and shows the tunnel
when the bricks or otherwise are set to be burnt, and also the smoke flue and hot air
flue on top of same.
Fig. 5 is also a section of the other end of the kiln and shows the general arrange-
ment of the smoke flue running up the centre wall, and the hot air flue, and small
side flues with the regulating valves attached thereto for passing the hot air into the
chambers, and on the top of right hand chamber shows the small feed holes where
the coals are put down to feed the fire to burn the bricks.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the top portion of the kiln showing the feed holes for
firing, and the dotted lines show the position of the hot air flue or chamber,
and the smaller flues leading from same to carry the hot air from one part to
another.
In each figure the same letter of reference (where shewn) denotes similar corre-
sponding parts. H outer walls of kiln constructed with openings H¹ to save expense
of brick work and these openings are filled with earth or otherwise. C, the vertical
flues passing up between the arches and the middle wall I and leading from the
underground flue and furnace up to the smoke flue D and which smoke flue runs
along the entire length of the kiln to the chimney shaft E, and B the hot air flue or
chamber built on the top of the flue D, and A the small flues leading from the hot
air flue to pass the heated air therefrom to one chamber or another, F the valves
fitted to the small flues A for opening or closing the same and thus regulate the
supply of air to any particular chamber of the kiln as required. G the openings
made in the centre wall for carrying off the smoke. J the chamber for receiving the

page_text: bricks or otherwise to be burnt.
a the openings on top of kiln through which the
small coal or slack is put to mix the the bricks and to feed the fire to burn them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is,
1st. The arrangement of the vertical flues C by carrying them up through the
centre wall, also in conjunction therewith of the smoke flue D constructed to run
between the arches and along the centre wall for the entire length of the kiln.
2nd. The hot air flue B built upon the top of the smoke flue.
3rd. The small flues A leading from the hot air flue to carry the heated air from
one part of the kiln to another, and also the valves F to regulate the supply of air
to any given part.
4th. The position of the chimney stack to be built on the end wall as shown in
drawings, this position being essential to the proper working of my improved
flues.