Improvements in Pulsometers.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 4th Apr., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pulsometers.
I, AMANDUS PETER of 2 Lindenauplatz, Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony,
German Empire, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The construction of the pulsometers hitherto in use, renders it necessary to
supply them with jets of water from the pressure pipe, or the adjoining pressure
chamber, in order to reduce the pressure so low, that a reversion and suction can
take place, or commence.
The new construction. now before us, dispenses with the injection from the
pressure pipe, this being done by the suction pipe only.
The advantage hereby derived consists in a quicker and more energetio
evacuation and condensation, the apparatus thus working cheaper and better than
the old pulsometers.
Another great advantage is that the new pulsometer needs but one valve viz.,
the suction valve, and the apparatus is therefore not liable to the many disturbances;
which occur by six or more valves as in the old pulsometers.
The apparatuses are one-chambered pulsometers, but this new system can also
be applied to two-chambered pulsometers now in use.
On the accompanying drawings are shown by
Figs. 1-3 three different types of the new pulsometers (in cross section).
Fig. 4 shows only an ordinary steam throttle valve.
The pulsometer Fig. 1 shows.
The casing of chamber (K).
Steam valve (A) in connection with steam pipe.
Suction pipe piece (S).
Pressure pipe piece (D)..
Funnel piece (S¹).
Suction valve (V).
Valve holder (V¹).
The bowl (T).

page_text: Fig. 4 shows only an ordinary steam valve.
The working of the different parts of the apparatus is as follows:
The casing has three openings in order to allow connection with-
1stly the steam valve and steam pipe,
2ndly with the pressure pipe at the top of pipe piece (D).
3rdly with the suction pipe piece (S).
In Fig. 1.
(K) is the
pump chamber.
(D) pressure pipe as exit for the water, as also part of the steam.
(T) a kind of bowl to accelerate the evacuation and condensation, as the steam
is compelled to force its way out by way of bowl (T), that is to say between rim
of bowl (T) and end of pipe (D), which same (T) is placed directly under pressure
pipe (D); the steam evacuates the bowl down to line (c-d) under line (a—b).
(S¹) funnel (or pipe) piece, is intended to force the water in a direct line
upwards, without first coming into contact with the walls of pump chamber (K),
which would cause loss of power as regards steam condensation and quick refilling
of pump chamber (K).
(V) valve holder or catcher of conical formation, serves, as its name implies,
to prevent the valve (V) (which is of india-rubber or similar material) from getting
out of place.
Furthermore this valve holder (of solid or hollow form) gives by its formation
and volume to funnel piece (S¹), the same, or nearly the same, inner diameter,
which suction pipe piece (S) has, and this must be observed in order to prevent
obnoxious resistance to the water rising through pipe piece (S).
In Fig. 2.
The functions of bowl (T) in Fig. 1 are transmitted to the neck (T) of funnel
piece (S), which performs these functions as well as its own conducting work viz. :
to direct the water from the suction pipe high up into the pump chamber, as is set
forth in description of Fig. 1 funnel piece (S¹).
The other portions of Fig. 2 work the same as explained in description of
Fig. 1.
In Fig. 3.
The bowl (T) is here represented by a circular widening or expansion of the
base of pump chamber, and of the pressure pipe piece (D).
The funnel piece (S¹) in Fig. 1 is here represented by the tubes (R and R')
these tubes being open at both ends.
For ordinary sized pulsometers one tube is sufficient, but for larger sizes, two
tubes are to be recommended, the top one being inserted in the one underneath,
but being smaller than the bottom one so that the water can escape from both, at
the same time.
The 2ud or top tube can also be of conical form, that is to say, narrowed at
the top.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:
The steam which enters from the steam valve (A) forces the water which is in
pump chamber (K), upwards through the pressure pipe (D) the steam cannot
however empty the pump chamber lower than the line (ab) as at this point the
water (from suction pipe) commences to react.
The water is forced upwards through pressure pipe (D) with such vehemence
that a part of the steam follows the water upwards through this pipe (D) and in
consequence thereof, the steam remaining in pump chamber (K) is rarified, and

page_text: the suction water commences to spout up again, not finding momentarily sufficient
resistance from the steam.
The remaining steam, as also the entering steam is quickly condensed, as the
water from suction pipe piece (S) enters with such rapidity that the pump chamber
is immediately refilled. The water having reached the top of pump chamber (K)
the steam regains its power and the emptying process again takes place, the
apparatus thus working automatically, as described, so long as the steam valve is
kept open..
It must be taken into consideration that the steam pipe is of small size, and the
steam in this small quantity has not the power to prevent, the suction water
entering pump chamber when emptied down to the line (c-d) but so soon as the
chamber is filled with water, the steam acts with such force that it is emptied
again, as it were with one stroke.
The application of the new system to the two-chambered pulsometers, requires.
some modification in its construction, as is to be seen on the accompanying drawing
Fig. 5 and 6. Fig. 5 being a sectional side view. Fig. 6 being a sectional front
view.
These drawings show in the apparatus
1stly. The two chambers (a' and a²)."
2ndly. The suction pipes (e¹).
3rdly. The pressure pipes (61).
4thly. The pressure pipe valve (c¹).
5thly. The reversing valve (g').`
6thly. The suction valve (d¹).
7thly. The tube of communication (f¹) between pressure pipe (6¹) and pump.
chamber (a).
8thly. Throttle valve (¹).
The two-chambered pulsometer requires a reversing valve at the steam entrance
and also valves for the pressure pipe. The small tube (✓1) does not serve as
injection tube, but as pressure compensator, as explained hereafter. The widened
base of chamber (a) and of pressure pipe (¹) fulfils the same function as (T) in
Fig. 3 (Sheet 1). The narrowed neck (1) above suction valve serves for the
same purpose as (S¹) in Fig. 1 (Sheet I) (S) in Fig: 2 and also (R) in Fig. 3
(Sheet I) viz. to conduct the auction water coming from suction pipe (e¹).
:
The narrowed neck (¹) and the widening of chamber (¹) at its base, supplements
the bowl (T) in Fig. 1 in its functions.
This apparatus is very much similar to the old system, but only in its
exterior, as it works with the same celerity and precision as the new one-chambered
system.
The apparatus works as follows:
We suppose both chambers before us filled with water. We open the steam
valve allowing the steam to exercise its pressure upon the water of the left-hand
chamber, and force it out through the pressure pipe. At this moment the suction
water from (e) enters through the opened valve (d') and refills this chamber, after
having condensed the steam by the first sprays.
The steam empties the other chamber in the same way. The difference between
the working of the new apparatus and that of the common known apparatus is
this:
As the injection and the filling with water of the first chamber is effected very
much quicker, by this new manner of injection, than the other chamber is evacuated,
the first chamber must wait until the steam in the second chamber is so far
condensed as to allow (by its lower pressure) the reversing valve. to close the
secoud chamber.
To shorten this waiting the inventor has inserted the tube (f) between pressure
pipe (61) and chamber (a) and gives by this tube (f¹) the same pressure in the
water filled chamber as is in pressure pipe (b¹).

page_text: This pressure in chamber (a') being very much higher than the atmospheric
pressure, and near to the steam pressure, shortens the waiting period of the suction
chamber, as shown by the following example:
Assuming that the pressure in the delivery pipe or the pressure column is equal
to 4 atmospheres, and that of the steam to 6 atmospheres, the pressure of
4 atmospheres of the pressure column, is transmitted to the filled suction chamber
by tube (f), and it is only necessary to reduce the steam by about 2 atmospheres
in order to close the pressure chamber, whilst with the old system the difference
between the atmospheric pressure and steam pressure is maintained.
This is another great advantage of this new apparatus, which enables it to work
quicker and better than the old ones.
This apparatus always works with chambers completely filled, whereas the old
apparatuses are so slow in filling the suction chamber, that they often evacuate
only half filled chambers, especially when at high speeds.
The apparatus may be modified in details of construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. In a pulsometer of only one chamber with steam entrance, suction pipe piece
and pressure pipe piece.
A funnel piece (S'), the task of which is to direct the injection and suction
water high up into pump chamber without loss of power.
A valve-catcher or holder (V₁), which by its volume also maintains the inner
diametrical conformity between suction pipe piece (S) and the funnel piece (S¹)
also in order to prevent loss of power.
A bowl or hollow vessel (T), serving to reduce the large water surface in
pump chamber (K) and enabling the steam to reach the pressure pipe (D) earlier,
by separating the steam from the water in the chamber etc. as hereinbefore set
forth.
2. In a pulsometer of one chamber with steam entrance, suction pipe piece, and
valve-catcher (or holder) (V').
A funnel piece as modification of the corresponding part in Claim 1, with
enlarged neck, which fulfils the task of the funnel piece and also of the bowl (T
in Fig. 1) together viz.; to direct the injection water higher up into the pump
chamber and to allow the steam to reach the pressure pipe (D) earlier, as
described above. The whole as another type of construction of the device
Sub-claim 1.
3. In a pulsometer of one chamber with steam entrance, pressure pipe piece
suction pipe piece and suction valve-catcher a funnel piece-as still another
modification of the corresponding part of Claim 1,-formed by the bottom walls
of the pulsometer, and one or more inserted tubes open at both ends, of straight or
conical form, to intensify the effect of the funnel piece of this type;
An enlargement of the bottom of pressure pipe and of the base of chamber in
order to perform the functions of bowl (T) in Claim 1. viz. to allow the steam to
reach the pressure pipe piece earlier, without the evacuation of the whole chamber
to the same level (bowl-level) being necessary. The whole simply representing
another type of the device shown in Claim 1.
4. In a pulsometer of two chambers with reversing valve or similar mechanism
at the steam entrances, suction pipes, pressure pipes, as already described.
A valve catcher for the purpose as described in Claim 1. ;
An enlargement at the base of its chambers and of pressure pipe pieces for the
same purpose as described in Claim 3. beginning "An enlargement etc."
A narrowed neck (¹) near this enlargement serving for the same purpose as funnel
piece (S) in Claim ì.
A pressure compensator tube (f¹) the working of which is set forth in the

page_text: accompanying description, and the form of which is shown by the annexed
drawings.
5. The application of the constituent and claimed parts of all described types of.
this system, to other types of two-chambered pulsometers or similar engines.
Dated this 30th day of March 1895.
MAX WERTHEIM.