Improved Method of and Means for Water-marking Paper.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 9th Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of and Means for Water-marking Paper.
We, FRANCIS PRICE, of 68, High Street, Weston-super-Mare, Engraver,
and HENRY GEORGE GALLOP, of Barrow Cottage, Bitton, Gloucestershire,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to imparting to paper, in the course of its manufacture,
devices known as water marks, for the purpose, as is well understood, of dis-
tinguishing different manufactures of paper, or for other purposes.
According to this invention the said devices, instead of being impressed upon the
pulp, as heretofore, by patterns attached to wire rollers, technically termed dandy-
rollers, are impressed upon the pulp by dies carried on rods or arms depending
from a suitable spindle carried in bearings over the travelling pulp.
The dies,
which are adjustable on the spindle to any convenient distance apart, are brought
into contact with the pulp at such intervals as may be desired by means of wheel
gearing or mechanism so constructed, arranged and made to operate in an automatic
manner as to cause the spindle carrying the dies to turn at set intervals and thus to
bring the dies on the travelling pulp and so to impart thereto the pattern borne
on the under face of the die. The dies are convex below, and the rate of move-
ment when impressing corresponds with the speed of the travelling pulp.
the impression has been made, the dies are made to swing back or rotate, clear of
the pulp, quickly, to their original position. They remain clear of the pulp until
actuated to bear again on it.
After
Under this invention the necessity hitherto prevailing of having a stock of various
sized rollers, or of making special rollers for impressing the devices or marks is
obviated.
COLL
1004
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Bristol, Chartered Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of and Means for Water-marking Paper.
We, FRANCIS PRICE of 68 High Street, Weston-super-Mare, in the County
of Somerset, Engraver, and HENRY GEORGE GALLOP, of Barrow Cottage,
Bitton, in the County of Gloucestershire, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to an improved method of, and apparatus for, imparting to
paper during its manufacture, letters, words and other devices, technically known
as water-marks, for the purpose, as is well understood of distinguishing one
manufacturer's paper from another, or one make of paper from another, and for
other purposes.
According to our invention the said devices or mark, instead of being impressed
upon or into the pulp by the means of letters, patterns or the like attached to wire
rollers as heretofore, are impressed upon or into the pulp by means of dies,
fixed upon a convex surface forming a sector of a circle, and carried by rods or

page_text: arms fixed to, and radiating from a spindle or shaft, rotating in suitable bearings,
over the travelling pulp. The said spindle or shaft may carry any number of such
dies at a convenient distance apart, (within the limit of the width of the travelling
pulp) each and all of which are adjustable thereon, and the principal object of our
invention is, that the said die or dies may be brought in contact with the travelling
pulp at such intervals as may be found desirable, (which may be interchangeable)
without the necessity, hitherto prevailing, of having a stock of rollers of various
sizes, or of making special rollers for operating watermarks at predetermined
intervals, and we effect the said change of intervals by the means of suitable wheel
and other gearing, constructed, arranged, and made to operate automatically, so as
to cause the spindle or shaft carrying the said die or dies to stop, or move faster,
as may be required, and thus bring this or these in contact with the travelling pulp
at set intervals, and so to impart thereto an imprint of the device borne upon the
face or faces thereof, the rate of movement of the said die or dies, when so
impressing, always corresponding with that of the pulp itself, and after so impressing
the said die or dies is or are caused to move clear of the pulp, and while so
clear, the length of the interval between the said impressions is regulated, as
hereinafter explained.
In order that our invention and the manner of its operation may be fully
understood, we have hereunto appended a sheet of drawings, in which,
Figs. 1 and 2 are end and front elevations respectively of the entire apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a section upon the line A B of Fig. 2.
Figs. 4 and 5 are front elevation and vertical section respectively of an alternative
method of constructing one of the wheels of the beforementioned gearing, for
purposes hereinafter explained, the latter view being taken upon the line CD of
the former.
Figs. 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating the operation of the said gearing, and
hereinafter referred to.
We carry our invention into effect by casting or otherwise producing a pair of
standards A B, which we bolt or otherwise fasten to the floor or other convenient
part, (which may be the base or bed plate or other suitable part of the paper
making machine) facing each other at opposite sides of the travelling endless pulp-
carrying wire-netting C, arranged in the usual way. The said standards are so
constructed as to form bearings for a transverse horizontal shaft D. The formation
of the standard B, differs slightly from that of A, insomuch as the former has an
extension E, in which is provided a slot F.
The said shaft D has mounted loosely thereon a suitable pulley or flanged
wheel H, abutting against a shoulder G, (fixed upon or formed integrally with D)
and kept in frictional contact therewith by the tension of a plate spring or springs J,
such tension being regulated by a nut or nuts K engaging with a screw thread
formed upon the shaft D, between G and the standard A, the said frictional contact
of H and G being such that the rotation of H (which may be effected by means of
a strap or band astunted by any suitable or available power, which may conveniently
be that causing the travel of the pulp-carrying net C) may, under normal conditions
of working, rotate the shaft D at the same rate as that of the net C, and yet permit
that, under abnormal conditions, the shaft D may be rotated within and faster
than H, or periodically held stationary while H continues to rotate, as hereinafter
more fully explained.
According to our invention the device for carrying the water marking medium
may be described as a section of wheel, and consists of a metallic plate a, bent or
curved so as to fit and rest upon the shaft D, and from this radiates two or more
arms or spokes b, the outer ends of which are connected to a plate c, (made of any
suitable material, preferably metal,) bent or curved to form a sector of a circle, and
upon the outer face of this is soldered, screwed, rivetted or otherwise connected the
letter, letters, design, trade or other mark which is to form the water mark in the
paper, and this or these we prefer to form of solid or hollow metal of
cross section, fixed as stated, with its flat portion next to the plate c.
shape in
Without

page_text: regard to any particular design, the said water marking medium is shewn by d
fixed upon the plate c in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
In the accompanying drawings only one such water marking device is shewn upon
the shaft D, but, as before stated, any number of these may be employed to com-
plete or duplicate the lettering or other design required, so long as their combined
widths do not exceed the width of the pulp upon the travelling frame C, but
whatever number of these may be employed, we prefer to fix each upon the shaft D
by the means of a pair of rings or clips such as e, which are slipped upon the ends
of the plate a, encircling D, a set screw f in each serving to bind a firmly upon D
in the position desired. This arrangement of fixation will be fully understood by
reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
The radius of the plate from the axial centre of the shaft D, must always be
such, that its outer periphery clears the pulp upon C when D is rotated, as
illustrated by Fig. 3, the depth of the design d being such as may be found
necessary for making the desired imprint in the pulp to produce the water mark.
It will be understood, that by ineans of the apparatus so far as at present
described, the design d, travelling in the same direction as the pulp, would make
an imprint therein once to every revolution of the shaft D, rotated by the pulley H,
but it may be necessary or desirable that the water mark caused by such imprint,
should occur more or less frequently in the paper than once to every revolution of
the shaft D, and to effect this, without the need of removing or changing the
position of the design upon the shaft, which is an essential feature of our invention,
we provide, and fix loosely upon that end of the shaft D extending through the
bearing B, a toothed wheel L, which gears with a toothed wheel M, preferably of
larger diameter than L, and to which is fixed or formed therewith a sheave or
pulley N, both mounted loosely upon a stud or pin O projecting from the standard B,
and by the means of a suitable band or strap engaging with N, and driven by any
convenient and available power, the wheel M would be caused to rotate, in the
direction of the arrow in Figs. 1, 6 and 7, at such a rate as to impart motion to the
wheel L in the same direction, and at the same rate as the shaft D.
The end of the shalt D projecting beyond the wheel L, is provided with a screw
thread, and upon this is placed a plate spring or springs P, which, by the aid of a
nut or nuts R, screwed upon D, presses against a shoulder upon the shaft with
such tenacity, that I may revolve therewith, but still sufficiently loose, that if the
shaft be held stationary, the wheel L may revolve thereon by the agency of the
wheel M, or that the shaft D may revolve therein when it is necessary that this
should rotate faster than L, as hereinafter explained.
Upon the same end of the shaft D, outside the nut R, we mount an arm S, the
free end of which is in line with the centre of the water inarking device d, as shewn
at Fig. 1, and this may be either screwed upon D, or held in position abutting
against the nut R by the means of a nut or nuts T, screwed upon D, or both.
When necessary that a water mark should occur in the pulp upon C, at more
frequent intervals than once to every rotation of the shaft D, as previously
described, we provide a toothed wheel U, of lesser diameter than the wheel L,
mounted upon a stud g adjustable within the slot F in B, so that this may gear with,
and be rotated by the wheel M, and upon the wheel U is fixed a plate h, carrying
an arm W, bent, curved or otherwise formed at its outer end W' (Fig. 2) in such a
manner, that this may collide with the arm $ fixed to the shaft D, once during each
revolution of the wheel C.
The wheel U being of lesser diameter than the wheel L, (which rotates at the
same rate as the shaft D) and both in gear with the wheel M, it follows that U
would rotate faster than Land D, and it will be understood, that if U be properly
adjusted relatively to M and D, its arm W would overtake, and its curve Wi
collide with the arm S upon D, at or about the point ; (shewn by Fig. 6) at each
revolution of U, and would, from this point, force round the arm S, (and consequently
the shaft D and the water marking device & thereon) faster than the travel of H
and L, until the arm curve W₁, slips from S at or about the point j¹ (Fig. 6) from

page_text: which point the shaft D would again travel at its normal rate, coincidental with
and by the pulley H, and by this means the device d would be brought in contact
with the pulp upon C, once to every revolution of the wheel U.
For the purpose of lengthening or extending the intervals between the contacts
of the device d, and the pulp, or in other words extending the distance between the
water marks in the paper, in lieu of the wheel U, we mount upon the stud g,
(adjustable in the slot F,) a toothed wheel X, of larger diameter than the wheel L,
having fixed upon its outer face a crescent shaped extension Y, the length of which
may vary according to the desired prolongation of the said interval. Such a wheel
is shewn detached by the elevation Fig. 4, and in section by Fig. 5. This wheel,
in gear with the wheel M, would, by reason of its larger diameter, rotate slower
than the wheel L and the shaft D, and consequently slower than the arm S, and if
the said wheel X be properly adjusted relatively to these and the wheel M by
which it is driven, the arm S would, in each revolution, be arrested by it, colliding
with and resting upon the extension Y on X, as at Fig. 7, thus holding the shaft D,
and the device & thereon, stationary, and clear of the pulp upon C, until Y had
passed, when D and S would resume rotation at their normal speed, coincidental
with and by the pulley H. By this arrangement the device d would impress the
pulp once during each revolution of the wheel X.
When either of the latter arrangements are employed, it may not be necessary to
use or work the pulley H, as the wheel L, driven by the wheel M, would suffice to
rotate the shaft D, in which case the band or strap used for driving H may be
thrown out of gear. By the same rule when the device d makes an imprint once
to each revolution of the pulley H, it may not be necessary to employ the
gearing M L, in which case the band or strap used for driving M may be thrown
out of gear.
From the foregoing description it will be understood, that the frequency of contact
between the device d and the pulp upon C, may, within reasonable limits, be at
almost any rate desired, by simply employing smaller wheels U or larger wheels X,
or the pulley H in lieu of either of these and the wheel L, thus enabling us to
quickly change the gear for water marking the paper more or less frequently, or by
simply loosening the set screws f, to quickly and easily change one water marking
device for another, and we wish it understood that, in order that the water marks
in the paper may not be blurred, the water marking device d must always, when in
contact with the pulp, travel at the same rate as the netting C, and to regulate this
we may find it convenient to employ pulleys H of varying diameters.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be employed, we declare that what we
claim is.
1st. In an improved method of and means for water marking paper during its
manufacture, the construction, use and application of the hereindescribed apparatus,
and the several alternative methods of arranging and operating the same, by which
any water inarking device may be employed upon one common periphery or surface,
singly or in multiple, and movable and interchangeable upon a shaft or spindle, with
means for governing the rate of rotation of same, and the length of the intervals
between the contact of the said device and the pulp, by the means of suitable
gearing carrying and actuating arms, levers, plates or their equivalents, the whole
connected, combined and operating substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and shewn by the accompanying drawing.
2nd. In an improved method of and means for water marking paper during its
manufacture, the combination of a pair of standards A B, carrying a shaft D,
rotated by a wheel or pulley H, actuated by any suitable power or means, mounted
loosely thereon but held in frictional contact therewith and a shoulder G by means
of a spring or springs J, and nut or nuts K. The water marking device consisting
of a curved plate c, connected by arms or spokes b, to a plate 7, placed upon and
held in firm contact with the shift D, by the means of clips or rings such as e, and

page_text: set screws or their equivalents f. The employment of wire or other metal of
shape in cross section of which to form the water marking medium & fixed by any
suitable means upon the periphery of c, the whole connected, combined and
operating substantially as and for the purposes herein described and shewn by the
accompanying drawings.
3rd. In combination with the apparatus set forth in the preceding claim, the
application thereto of a toothed wheel M with pulley N, driven by any suitable
power, and mounted upon a stud upon the standard B, and gearing with toothed
wheels L and U, the former mounted loosely upon the shaft D and held in frictional
contact therewith by means of a spring or springs P and nut or nuts R, the latter
mounted upon a stud g adjustable in a slot F formed in B, and carrying an arm W
curved or bent at W₁ capable of colliding with an arm S fixed upon the shaft D,
the whole connected and operating substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
4th. In combination with the apparatus set forth in the two preceding claims, and
in substitution of the wheel U and its arm W W1, the application thereto of a toothed
wheel X having an extension plate Y, and mounted upon the stud g in the slot F,
and gearing with the wheel M in such a manner, that the said extension Y collides
with and arrests the arm S, as at Fig. 7, the whole connected and operating
substantially as and for the purposes herein described and shewn by the appended
drawings.
5th. In combination, the herein described methods of and means by which the
water marking device d is caused to travel at the same rate and in the same
direction as the pulp carried by the netting C at the moment of contact therewith,
and the methods and means by which the intervals between such contacts are
lengthened and shortened during the time the said device is out of contact with the
pulp, substantially as herein described and shewn.
1
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.