IMPROVE- THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SAPONACEOUS COMPOUNDS OBTAINED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred George Anderson and John Barker
Anderson, both of Great Suffolk Street, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, Soap Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SAPONACEOUS COMPOUNDS
OBTAINED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
Sealed the 28th June 1853, and dated the 27th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred George
Anderson and John Barker Anderson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th April
1853.
We, ALFRED GEORGE ANDERSON and JOHN BARKER ANDERSON, both
of Gt. Suffolk St., Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SAPONACEOUS COMPOUNDS OBTAINED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP" to be as follows:-
In making common yellow or rosin soap, an operation is performed,
well known to soap makers, termed "fitting," by which there is pro-
duced a substance which subsides from the soap, known as "niger;"

page_text: "
a
there is also produced a substance known as "fob," which rises to the
top of the soap; this fob is removed, and the perfect soap is
"cleansed " from off the "niger" into the soap frames; the "niger" and
the "fob," and some considerable portion of soap resting upon and in
contact with the "niger," forming part of the next operation, by
which the succeeding charge is much deteriorated, or they (the
niger," "fob, and residual soap,) are made into a very inferior soap.
Now, one part of our Invention consists in removing the said
saponaceous compounds, "niger," "fob," and residual soap, into a
suitable apparatus, and decomposing the same by sulphuric, muriatic,
or other suitable acid, by which we separate the alkali or, alkalies
combined therewith; and the material thus obtained after decomposition,
we employ in the manufacture of candles, either in the state in which
it is thus obtained, or-with-the-addition of other the ordinary and well-
known materials which are employed in the manufacture of candles..
The next, part of our Invention consists in this We distil the before-
mentioned "niger," "fob," and residual soap, in-a, suitable apparatus,
either in the state in which we remove it from the soap copper, or after
the decomposition by acids. as above mentioned; and the product of
such distillation we
lation we apply to the manufacture of candles, either in the
state in which we obtain it, or with the addition of other well-known
materials employed in the manufacture of candles; or we convert the
said products of distillation, into soap, either in the state in which it
is obtained, or combined with, other materials. Or we apply, the said
products of distillation. to the purpose of lubrication, either, as obtained
or combined with other materials. The residuum obtained in the still
after the distilling operation we again convert into soap.
ام
of
1.
Our Invention also relates to treating in like manner to the above
saponaceous compounds, "niger," "fob," & residual soap, other of
the saponaceous compounds produced in the manufacture of common
yellow or rosin soap, to obtain like results...

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred. George Anderson and John Barker
Anderson in the Great Seal Patent: Office, on the 27th.October.
1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
ALFRED GEORGE ANDERSON, and JOHN BARKER ANDERSON, both of
Great Suffolk Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey; Soap.
Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh-day of -April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself; Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said Alfred George Anderson and
Jolin Barker Anderson, Her special licence that we, the said Alfred
George Anderson and John Barker Anderson, our executors; -adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Alfred George
Anderson and John Barker Anderson, our executors, 'administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SAPONACEOUS COMPOUNDS OBTAINED IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OF SOAP," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Alfred George Anderson and John Barker Anderson, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed; and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that 1, the said Alfred George Anderson, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to, be particularly described and aséer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof; (that' is to say):

page_text: In making common yellow or rosin soap, an operation is performed,
well known to soap makers, termed "fitting," by which there is pro-
duced a substance which subsides from the soap, known as "niger;"
there is also produced a substance known as "fob," which rises to the
top of the soap; this "fob" is removed, and the perfect soap is cleansed
from off the "niger" into the soap frames; the "niger" and the "fob,"
and some considerable portion of soap resting upon and in contact with
the "niger," forming a part of the next operation by which the
succeeding charge is much deteriorated, or they (the "niger," "fob,"
and residual soap,) are made into a very inferior soap.
Now one part of our Invention consists in decomposing the said
saponaceous compounds "niger," "fob," and residual soap, by treat-
ment with sulphuric, muriatic, or other suitable acid, so as to neutra-
lize the alkali combined therewith, and thus set at liberty the fatty
and resinous matter forming the body of the said saponaccous con-
pounds. And our mode of proceeding is as follows: We introduce a
quantity of the said saponaceous compound, having previously boiled it
up with a little fresh material, to absorb any free alkali it may contain,
or not having done this, as the case may be, (for it is not essential,)
into a wooden vat (lined with lead if necessary) with a little water, and
blow in steam, so as to heat the whole, and render it more or less
liquid. We then slowly add the acid (preferring to use the
sulphuric acid) until the whole of the alkali is neutralized, when the
fatty and resinous matter with which it was combined is set at liberty,
and floats upon the top of the vat, forming a cake when it has become
cold; the material thus obtained, we purify by a second boiling upon
water, after which we subject it to pressure in the well known mode
pursued upon hardened tallow, obtaining a brown colored liquid cil,
and a hard fatty and resinous substance, which we use in the manufac-
ture of candles, or again employ in the manufacture of soap. This
brown coloured liquid oil we also convert into soap, or otherwise apply
to useful purposes.
Now, another part of our Invention consists in submitting. to dis-
tillation the fatty and resinous substance obtained as above detailed, by
the treatment of the said saponaceous compounds, "niger," "fob," and
residual soap, with sulphuric, muriatic, or other suitable acid, and this
we perform as follows:-

page_text: We provide an iron or copper still, constructed and set in the usual
way,
and connect the same with a suitable- condenser. Into this still
we introduce a portion of the said fatty and resinous substance, and by
the application of heat cause the same to rise up in vapour and after-
wards to become condensed, in which operation we introduce steam
into the still, below the surface of the fatty and resinous matter con-
tained therein, so as to perform the distillation in an atmosphere of
steam. Under these circumstances, the distillation is rapid and easy,
and there comes over a light coloured product, and a very dark coloured
mass remains in the still. The distilled product we submit to pressure
in the way practised upon hardened tallow, obtaining a hard fatty
substance, which we use in the manufacture of candles, or again
employ in the manufacture of soap, and a yellow coloured liquid oil,
which we again convert into soap, or otherwise apply to useful purposes.
A very dark coloured mass remains in the still; this we find well
adapted to the manufacture of certain common descriptions of soap.
Now, a third part of our Invention consists in subjecting to
distillation the said saponaceous compounds of "niger," "fob," and
residual soap, without previous treatment with an acid, as above
described; and when putting into practice this part of our Invention,
we transfer the said saponaceous compounds of "niger," "fob," and
residual soap,
from the soap copper into the still, and apply heat and
introduce steam, as before stated, and there comes over a light coloured
The
product, and a very dark coloured mass remains in the still.
distilled product we submit to pressure in the way practised upon
hardened tallow, obtaining a hard fatty substance, which we use in the
manufacture of candles, or again employ in the manufacture of soap,
and a darker and more fluid substance which we use in the manufacture
of certain common descriptions of soap, to which purpose we also apply
the residual dark coloured substance remaining in the still. Or the
above oily matters may be otherwise applied to purposes for which such
oily matters are used.
Our Invention also relates to treating in like manner to the above
saponaceous compounds, " niger," "fob," and residual soap, other of
the saponaceous compounds produced in the manufacture of common
yellow or rosin soap, to obtain like results:

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood
that what we claim is,-
First, the decomposition of "niger," and the "fob," and residual
soap, with which it is usually mixed, by treatment with sulphuric,
muriatic, or other 'suitable acid :
Secondly, we claim the separation of the fatty and resinous matters
obtained by the decomposition by acids of "niger," and the "fob," and
residual soap, with which it is usually mixed, into a solid and a fluid
portion by pressure: .
Thirdly, we claim the distillation of the fatty and resinous matters
obtained as above explained, and the separation of the distilled product,
into a solid and a fluid portion by pressure: .
Fourthly, we claim the distillation of "niger," and the "fob," and
residual soap, without previous treatment with an acid, but in the state
in which it is taken out of the soap copper, and the separation of the
distilled product into a solid and a fluid portion by pressure:
Fifthly, we claim the application of the more solid products obtained
by the treatment herein explained, of the said "niger," "fob," and
residual soap, with which it is usually mixed, to the manufacture of
candles: And,
f Sixthly, we claim the similar treatment of other saponaceous com-
pounds obtained in the various processes followed in the manufacture
of common yellow or rosin soap, to obtain like results, as those obtained
by the above stated treatment of "niger," "fob," and residual soap.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred George Anderson, have
.
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.
ALFRED GEORGE ANDERSON. (L.S.)
Witness, WILLIAM BROOKES,
73, Chancery Lane,
Patent Agent.