Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 13th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 15th Nov., 1887
I, HENRY HARINGTON LEIGH, practising as Phillips & Leigh, at No. 22, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, and Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention, as the same has been
communicated to me by Jean Louis Clerc, residing at Paris, in the French Republic,
Engineer, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of electric motor and consists in
using fixed magnets having cores of iron wire made according to the method described
in detail in my Specification No. 563, A.D. 1887, that is to say, by winding an iron
wire upon a mandrel of a determinate form.
The magnets are wound with two parallel wires, and their relative positions in
respect of the distance separating their jaws between which revolves the armature are
preserved by a pair of standards (preferably of wood) which also provide bearings in
which the said armature revolves. The latter consists of either a Siemens or a
Gramme ring wound with two parallel wires. The ends of the coils wound with the
primary wire are connected to the commutator E, and those of the secondary coils to
the commutator F.
Each commutator has two pairs of brushes in order that all that portion of the wires
not affected by the magnetic field may be short-circuited. Two brushes operating
sympathetically are connected together by a metallic are supported by an insulated
disc. For the purpose of reversing the motor the said disc is capable of being turned
round a brass sleeve fixed in or to the standard, which sleeve also serves as a bush for
the armature shaft. Half a turn suffices for reversing the motor.
When it is desired to actuate the machine with alternating currents, I may construct
it in such a way that it becomes isochronous. I accordingly use fixed magnets or
electro-magnets and a ring similar to those above mentioned but wound with only one
wire for the field magnet. The latter will have as many poles as the armature has
coils, and these will be alternately right and left, and coupled up in series. They will
have only one lead in and out connected to two copper discs upon which will bear the
two commutator brushes. This ring, being free from magnetic attraction, will start
itself and will run at one constant speed whatever may be the load provided it never
exceeds the maximum.
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page_text: I, HENRY HARINGTON LEIGH, F. Inst. P.A., practising as Phillips & Leigh, at
No. 22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineers and Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, as
the same has been communicated to me from abroad, by Jean Louis Clerc, residing at
Paris, in the French Republic, Engineer, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The motor which is the subject of the present invention is intended to work with
alternating currents, and its construction is based upon the following principle.
It
If, in the case of a dynamo machine, a current is passed in any direction, the
machine begins to revolve, and continues to revolve in a determinate direction. When
the current is changed, the dynamo will continue to revolve in the same direction.
cannot be otherwise, since the magnetic polarity changes in the armature and in the
magnets at the same time as the direction of the current.
It will be, therefore, be understood that such a machine will he capable of revolving
with alternating currents if the changes of polarity can be effected as rapidly as the
alternations of the current. In a machine with a massive iron core, the use of
alternating currents is impracticable, and the motors driven from such a machine will
be of feeble power; but if cores formed of iron wire are used, the drawback will
disappear, and the machine work well with alternating currents.
However, the use of alternating currents, when there is only a single winding, will
produce results of self-induction which will considerably diminish the useful effect.
This drawback may, to some extent, be obviated by winding a second wire parallel to
the first upon both the armature and the magnets. The two wires are wound at the
same time and parallel with each other. The first wire, which will be called the
primary, is connected to the source of the current, M; the second wire, or secondary,
is closed upon itself. Its action may be modified by introducing into it resistances,
as K, of more or less power.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine, the front part of the frame being omitted.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation, and
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan through the armature shaft.
In principle, the motor which is the subject of the present invention, consists of a
fixed magnet having magnetic iron wire coils produced by winding insulated wire upon
a mandrel consisting of four rectangular pieces, L, disposed according to the contour
which it is intended the core should present. The rectangular pieces, L, have slots, a,
cut in them to receive the wire, and are cut away, according to the contour which it
is intended that the core should possess, as shown in Fig. 3. When the cavities of the

page_text: rectangular pieces are filled with wire, the pieces of wood which have served to hold
the pieces, L, in their relative positions, are removed, and the ends shaped to adapt
them to the ring armature D.
The core, B, having been constructed as above described, the next thing is to make
the magnet which consists of two coils A, A', wound with two parallel wires upon the
cores, B. The two wires are indicated in the drawings, one by a full line, and the
other, by a dot and dash line. The distancing of the two coils A, A', is preserved by
the wooden standards, C, in which are also formed the bearings of the armature shaft.
The coupling studs m, n, p, q, are provided to facilitate the attachment of the
respective wires; the primary, indicated by a full line; and the secondary, by a dot
and dash line.
The armature consists of a Gramme ring wound with two parallel wires. The
ends of the coils wound with the primary wire are coupled to the commutator E; and
those of the coils wound with the secondary wire to the commutator F.
Each commutator has two pairs of brushes, 8 altogether for the motor. The object
of this arrangement is to short-circuit all that portion of the wires uninfluenced by the
magnetic field, which is restricted accordingly, to avoid complication in manufacture.
Accordingly, two brushes K, mutually connected, are coupled to a metal fork, G,
held by a set-screw upon a bar, H, fixed upon an ebony disc, I. For the purpose
of reversing the rotation of the armature, this disc is adapted to turn round a brass
sleeve, J, on the standard C; half-a-turn sufficing to effect said reversing. Each
machine is furnished with two discs and two sleeves which latter also discharge the
functions, of bearings.
The motor above described is self starting. The drawbacks resulting from self-
induction are unimportant thanks to the use, as already explained, of two wires,
one of which is influenced by the other, and both of which unite in driving the
motor in the same direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as it has been communicated to me
from abroad, I declare that what I claim is :-
An electric motor utilising alternative currents in the magnets and ring armature,
both wound with two insulated iron wires, and having two commutators upon the
armature, said motor being adapted to be self starting and to avoid the usual drawbacks
incidental to the use of alternating currents.
Dated this 13th day of October 1887