IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING AMMONIA AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM COAL GAS
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOHN HANSON, of Elm Tree Hill, Bingley, in the County of York, Upholsterer,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EXTRACTING AMMONIA AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM COAL GAS to be as
follows:
―
This invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for extracting
Ammonia and other impurities from Coal Gas, and has for its object the arrange-
ment and combination of the several parts so that the apparatus is more compact
and will wash or purify the gas passing through the same; more effectually and
expeditiously than can be accomplished by apparatus constructed in the ordinary
manner.
I attain my object by forming a casing of metal plates or enamalled brick-work,
having man-holes formed therein, in suitable positions, fitted with covers and
connections. The apparatus is fixed vertically and fitted with a blank bottoin,
having a stuffing box in the centre, through which pass two shafts, one of them
hollow, and the other through the centre thereof, both shafts being stayed by
journals in the interior of the apparatus, and supported by suitable footsteps.
The shafts are caused to rotate in different directions, and secured thereto are
frames fitted with wings at an angle for propelling the gas forward and around the
circumference of each frame is secured a circular brush for the purpose of making
a joint between the frames and casing. Upon each frame I place a basket composed
of three or more sections, each section being filled with fine wicker work or strong
open fibre, through which the ascending gas must pass. Above the centre shaft,
secure a grid having the bars fixed at an angle of about 45° and above this grid is
placed a layer of porous pumice stone or coke, over which is a cistern with a
perforated plate secured thereto, at some distance from the bottom and around the
said cistern is formed a platform and to the side of the former pipes are secured for
the supply of Ammonia and water to the cistern, the Ammonia being pumped up
from the store-tank and constantly circulating from one to the other. Impurities
are removed from the Gas in the following manner:-The gas is supplied to the
apparatus near the bottom, and upon passing through the revolving baskets,
stationary grid, and porous stone, etc. before mentioned, is met by a shower
composed of a mixture of Ammonia and water, supplied from the cistern above,
Price Cd1

page_text: In order to
through a valve on to the perforated plate where it is somewhat evenly distributed
over the entire area of the apparatus, thereby keeping the scrubbing material
constantly wetted, extracting the Ammonia from the gas, the former running away
from the basin to Store-tank, through a pipe connected therewith.
further purify the gas, I pass it through pipes from the top of the casing to a
vertical pipe at the top of which is fitted a cistern with perforated bottom by
which water or other purifying liquid is allowed to fall in continuous showers
upon the ascending gas, and thus wash it still more thoroughly, which said liquid
may eit! er be allowed to waste or be pumped back into the cistern.
Dated this first day of January, one thousand, eight hundred and eighty four.
I JOHN HANSON of Elm Tree Hill Bingley in the County of York, Upholsterer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EXTRACTING AMMONIA AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM COAL GAS and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for extracting
ammonia and other impurities, from Coal Gas; and has for its object the arrange-
ment and combination of the several parts, so that the apparatus, being more
compact, will wash, or purify the Gas more effectually, and expeditiously than can
be accomplished by apparatus constructed in the ordinary manner.
1 attain my object by forming a casing of metal plates, or enamalled brick-work,
having man-holes formed therein, in suitable positions fitted with covers and
connections.
The apparatus is fixed vertically, and fitted with a blank bottom, having a
stuffing box in the centre, through which pass two shafts, one of them hollow, the
other passing through the centre thereof; both shafts being stayed by journals in
the interior of the apparatus, and supported by suitable footsteps.
The shafts are caused to rotate in different directions; and secured thereto are
frames fitted with wings, at an angle for propelling the Gas forward; and around
the circumferance of each frame is secured a circular brush, for the purpose of
making a joint between the frames and casing.
Upon cach frame I place a lasket composed of sections, each section being filled
with wicker-work or strong open fibre through which the ascending Gas must pass.
Above the centre shaft I secure a grid, having the bars fixed at an angle of about
45° and above this grid is placed a layer of porous pumice-stone or coke, over
which is a cistern with a perforated plate, secured thereto at some distance from
the bottom, and around the said cistern is formed a platform, while to the sides of
the former pipes are secured for the supply of ammonia and water to the cistern,

page_text: the ammonia being pumped up from the store tank and is thereby constantly
circulating from one to the other.
The impurities are removed from the Gas in the following manner.
The gas is supplied to the apparatus near the bottom, and upon passing through
5 the revolving baskets, stationary grid, and porous pumice-stone, before mentioned
is met by a shower composed of a mixture of aminouia and water distributed on to
a perforated plate extending over the entire area of the apparatus, thereby keeping
the scrubbing material constantly wetted, extracting the ammonia from the Gas,
the former running away from basin to store-tank through a pipe connected
O there-with..
In order to further purify the gas, I pass it through pipes from the top of the
casing to a vertical pipe, at the top of which is fitted a cistern with a perforated
bottom by which water or other purifying liquid is allowed to fall in continuous
showers upon the ascending gas, and thus wash it still more thoroughly, the liquid
may either be allowed to run to waste or be pumped back into the cistern.
In order to more clearly explain ny invention I have appended drawings
illustrative thereof in which, Fig 1, represents the vertical section through the
centre of my improved apparatus except the centre shaft, which is not in section
and Fig 2 is a sectional plan through a. b.
The casing A may be formed of metal plates or enamalled brick-work with
ordinary man-holes fo:mned therein in suitable positions and fitted with covers
secured by bolts.
To the casing A are secured inlet and outlet pipes B and C, respectively, and at
the base of the casing is fixed a blank bottom D with ordinary stuffing box E"
through which two shafts F and G pass. The shaft F is hollow and rests upon the
faced boss of lower bevel wheel EI, secured to the centre shaft G and for a certain
distance from each end the hollow shaft is bored in order to form a joint to prevent
the escape of gas and act as a support to the centre shaft. The shafts are supported
by bcssis J and J₁ which are secured to the casing by rods or other suitable
connections, and rotate in opposite directions by being geared in the manner shewn
at the bottom, where the wheel H is secured to the centre shaft, and the upper
wheel R to the hollow shaft, both wheels gearing with wheel R¹.
To each shaft I secure one or more circular frames L fitted with a circular
brush B around the circumferance for the purpose of making a joint between the
frames and casing.
These frames are arranged with wings at an angle which on revolving extract
the Gas from below and assist it to pass through baskets B and B³, the same being
filled with wicker-work, or strong open fibre, through which the ascending Gas is
made to pass.
Above the centre shaft G and upper ba-ket B³, I secure a grid M, having the
bars fixed at an angle of, say about 45°, and resting upon this grid is a layer of
porous pumice-stone or coke N, and higher still is cistern C₁, the bottom being
fitted with one or more outlet valves V, the number being regulated by diameter of
casing, around the cistern is formed a platform P, which may be covered by a dome
casing, and connected with the cistern are inlet and overflow pipes K and K' the
foriner supplying ammonia which is pumped up from the store-tank T below the
water flowing through pipe opening S into cavity between cistern and perforated
plate S.
The impurities are removed from the Gas in the following manner, which is
supplied to the apparatus by pipe B and upon passing through the revolving
baskets B and B³ also the stationary grid M, and porous pumice-stone N is met by
a shower of ammonia from cistern C¹ which is supplied through a valve or valves V
on to perforated plate S¹ when it is deluted by water through opening S, by which
the liquid is somewhat evenly distributed over the entire area of the apparatus,
thereby keeping the scrubbing material constantly wetted, with a solution of
ammonia and water by which the ammonia in the gas passing through the

page_text: apparatus is extracted and falling into basin D' is conveyed from thence by pipe P¹
to the store tank T.
By arranging the apparatus in the manner described, the strength of the
ammonia as it leaves the cistern C³ can be regulated to suit the requirements of
the gas to be purified, that in the store tank being always or nearly of an uniform
strength.
'
In order to further purify the Gas I conduct it through the outlet pipe C to
vertical pipe T¹ at the top of the pipe I place a cistern U with perforated bottom
through which water or other purifying liquid is allowed to fall in continuous
showers upon the ascending gas, and thus wash it still more thoroughly, the liquid
falling into cistern X at the base of the pipe from which it may be collected, or
allowed to run to waste as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
•
1, The arrangement of circular frames L revolving in opposite directions, fitted
with baskets substantially in the manner and for the purpose as described.
2d, The circular frames L in combination with the grid M and cistern C
arranged substantially in the manner and for the purpose described, and illustrated
by the accompanying drawings.
3rd, The pipe T¹ fitted with cistern U used in combination with casing A
arranged internally in the manner. and for the purpose as herein before described
and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
15th day of September 1884
JOHN HANSON.