Improvements in or connected with Locomotives, also applicable to Tram-cars, Bicycles, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Locomotives, also applicable to
Tram-cars, Bicycles, and other Vehicles.
I, ELLIS LEVER, of San-y-Bryn, Colwyn Bay in the County of Denbigh, and
42, Exchange Chambers, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to locomotives, tramcars, electric cars, postal vans, parcel
delivery carts, and other carriages, carts or vehicles, including bicycles, tricycles,
velocipedes and autocars, and has for its object to provide a simple means whereby
the driver or other person stationed on any part of the vehicle may, without looking
backward, keep a sharp watch on the sides or rear of the whole length of the train or
vehicle in his care, and in the neighbourhood thereof, and also see directly behind
him, so that in the event of any person attempting to enter or leave the train or
vehicle while in motion or signalling for assistance, or any other circumstances
requiring immediate attention, or in the case of vehicles coming up behind, or
anything of that sort, such circumstance will be readily perceived by the driver or
other person in charge without its interfering with his keeping a sharp look-out
ahead or in other direction. The invention consists in placing, in any convenient
position, a mirror, preferably of the concave or convex variety somewhat at one or
both sides of the locomotive, bicycle or other vehicle. The mirror may be rather
long and narrow or it may be any other shape, and on the edge of the cab at each
side readily in view of the driver, and facing directly rearward or slightly inclined to
the train, so as to show the whole length of the train, and I may or may not fix it
rigidly in that position, or I may mount the mirror on pivots or hinges, or in sockets
so as to be movable to any angle or be raised or lowered, a suitable clamping or
friction device being provided in such case to hold the mirror in whatever position it
is placed. Several mirrors may if desired be employed so that the driver or other
person may take observations from any one of them according to his position. For
tramcars, carriages and other vehicles I prefer to place the mirror or mirrors so as to
show to the driver or guard objects in the immediate neighbourhood or vicinity of
the rider of the vehicle. In some cases, if desired, lenses may be combined with the
mirrors.
1900

page_text: Improvements in or connected with Locomotives, also applicable to
Tram-cars, Bicycles, and other Vehicles,
I, ELLIS LEVER, of Tan-y-Bryn, Colwyn Bay in the County of Denbigh and
42 Exchange Chambers, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to locomotives, tramcars, electric cars, postal vans, parcel
delivery carts, and other carriages, carts or vehicles, including bicycles, tricycles,
velocipedes and autocars, and has for its object to provide a simple means whereby
the driver or other person stationed on any part of the vehicle may, without looking
backward, keep a sharp watch on the sides or rear of the whole length of the train or
vehicle in his care, and in the nerghbourhood thereof, and also see directly behind
him, so that in the event of any person attempting to enter or leave the train or
vehicle while in motion or signalling for assistance, or any other circumstances
requiring immediate attention, or in the case of vehicles coming up behind, or
anything of that sort, such circumstance will be readily perceived by the driver or
other person in charge without its interfering with his keeping a sharp look-out ahead
or in other direction.
The invention will be understood from the following description, reference being
had to the accompanying drawings, in which,
Figure 1 shows my invention applied, by way of example, to a locomotive engine;
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the device separated from the engine;
Figure 3, a plan thereof;
Figure 4, a plan of one form of bracket for holding the mirror; and
Figure 5, an alternative.
The invention consists in placing in any convenient position, a mirror A preferably
of the concave or convex variety, either at one or both sides of the locomotive,
bicycle or other vehicle. The mirror may be rather long and narrow, or it may be
circular, as shown in the drawings, or it may be any other shape, and as applied to
a locomotive may be on the side of the cab B at each side readily in view of the
driver and facing directly rearward or slightly inclined to the train. I may fix it
rigidly or not in that position, or I may mount the mirror on pivots or hinges or in
sockets so as to be movable to any angle or be raised or lowered, a suitable clamping
or friction device being provided in such case to hold the mirror in whatever position
it is placed. C is a bracket pivoted at D in which the mirror is mounted, this bracket
being locked by the pin E in a position facing rearward, or folded against the cab, as
depicted by the dotted lines. F is a clamp by which the mirror can be held at the
right angle by clipping the mirror's shank a, and by releasing the clamp the mirror
can be raised or lowered. In place of this clamp, the bracket may be provided with
an octagon or other hole G, and the shank a of the mirror formed octagon also, so
that it may be dropped into the hole to assume the angle required.
Several mirrors may, if desired, be employed so that the driver or other person
may take observations from any one of them according to his position. For tramcars,
carriages and other vehicles I prefer to place the mirror or mirrors so as to show to
the driver or guard objects in the immediate neighbourhood or vicinity of the rider
of the vehicle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be perforined, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improvement in or connected with locomotives, tramcars, bicycles, and

page_text: other vehicles, which consists in placing in any convenient position thereon, a mirror,
either at one or both sides, or other part of the vehicle, and in such manner that the
driver or other person stationed on any part of the vehicle may, without looking
backward, keep a sharp watch on the sides or rear of the vehicle or vehicles, and in
the neighbourhood thereof, and also see directly behind him substantially as
described.
2. In a device of the kind set forth in Claim 1, mounting the mirror on pivots or
hinges or in sockets, so as to be movable to any angle or be raised or lowered, in
combination with means for holding it in whatever position it is placed substantially
as described.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.