IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS, ROLLERS, AWN THRES OR COPPER AND TATTOO
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sumner and Eric Hugo Waldenström,
both of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS, ROLLERS,
AWN THRES OR COPPER AND TATTOO"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sumner and
Eric Hugo Waldenström at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th December 1869.
We, WILLIAM SUMNER and ERIC HUGO WALDENSTRÖM, both of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CYLINDERS, ROLLERS, AND TUBES OF COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS," to be as
follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists, first, in casting the ingots for
making cylinders, rollers, and tubes in a solid cast-iron or other metal
mould, instead of making the mould in two or more parts as usual, the
lower end of the mould being larger than the upper end in order to
produce a sounder ingot, and when a hollow ingot is cast we reverse the

page_text: position of the core bar, that is to say, we place the larger diameter of
the core bar in the top of the mould instead of below, as heretofore.
When the mould is tapered, as described, we employ only one plunger
at the top for consolidating the metal, instead of one at the top and
another at the bottom, as heretofore. In casting solid ingots we make
a projection on the top and bottom plates of the mould, which pro-
jections produce holes in the ends of the ingot to guide the drill and
to reduce the length of metal to be drilled or bored out.
Our second improvement consists in manufacturing from copper
without the addition of phosphorus cylinders, rollers, and tubes without
either forging or hot rolling. In performing this part of our Invention
the ingot with a hole through it is rolled cold to the required size. The
cylinder, roller, or tube is afterwards finished in the usual way by
boring or nibbing, turning, fitting, and polishing, or in some cases by
drawing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Sumner and Eric Hugo Waldenström
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd June 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
SUMNER and ERIC HUGO WALDENSTRÖM, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Sumner and Eric Hugo
Waldenström, Her special licence that we, the said William Sumner
and Eric Hugo Waldenström, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said William Sumner and Eric Hugo Walden-
ström, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS, ROLLERS, AND TUBES OF COPPER

page_text: AND ITS ALLOYS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
William Sumner and Eric Hugo Waldenström, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Sumner and Eric Hugo
Waldenström, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to
say):
==
The nature of this Invention consists, first, in casting the ingots for
making cylinders, rollers, and tubes in a solid cast-iron or other
metal mould instead of making the mould in two or more parts, as
usual.
Our second improvement consists in manufacturing copper cylinders,
rollers, and tubes without either forging or hot rolling.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we will
proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1
is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a side view of the improved
apparatus employed by us in the manufacture of cylinders, rollers, and
tubes of copper and its alloys..
.
a is part of the table or follower of an ordinary hydraulic press on
which rests the mould b, which is suitable for casting ingots for making
copper rollers for calico printers. The mould is made of a solid piece
of cast iron or other suitable metal strengthened by the wrought-iron
hoops c, c. The lower end of the interior of the mould is rather larger-
than the upper end, the object of which is to facilitate the removal of
the ingot from the mould and to produce a sound casting. The upper
end of the mould is made with the two side pieces d, d, the spaces
between which form the openings through which the molten metal is
poured into the mould. The lower end of the plunger e fits. in the
upper part of the mould, and the upper end bears against and is
suspended to the top plate or top follower of the press; the core bar f
fits in a hole in the lower end of the plunger e, and below it passes.
through a hole in the disc h forming the bottom of the mould and into

page_text: & recess in the table or follower a. It will be seen that we reverse the
ordinary position of the core bar, that is to say, we place the larger
diameter upwards and the smaller diameter downwards. The
Drawing represents the parts in the positions they would occupy
immediately after the metal has been run into the mould. In order to
consolidate the metal the top plate or top follower of the press must
now be lowered by gearing, and screw or other equivalent until the
lower end of the plunger e comes in contact with the top of the liquid
metal in the mould, and at the same time the pressure' is applied to the
ram of the press, which pressure is kept up until the ingot is sufficiently
consolidated; the plunger e is then raised by the top follower of the
press and a packing ring with a centre plate is placed on the table a
under the mould; the top follower is then again lowered, thereby forcing
the ingot out of the mould. The ingot so prepared is then turned up
and bored out, and then it is elongated under a steam hammer in the
ordinary manner.
The subsequent operations of boring or nibbing, turning, fitting, and
polishing are performed as usual to finish the cylinder, roller, or tube.
By means of these improvements, the cost of making the mould is
greatly reduced, only one plunger is required instead of two as here-
tofore customary, and a more perfectly cylindrical and solid ingot is
produced.
In casting solid ingots we may use the apparatus shewn in section
in Figure 3, in which the plunger e and the disc h are made with
projections e¹ and ', which projections produce corresponding holes in
the ends of the ingot, and these holes not only serve to guide the drill
or boring tool, but they reduce the length of metal to be drilled or
bored out,
Having discovered a convenient mode of boring holes in solid ingots
as described in the Patent granted to us on the Twenty-fourth day of
December One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 3726, we are
enabled to perform the second part of our Invention, which consists in
manufacturing copper cylinders, rollers, and tubes without either forging
or hot rolling, thus effecting a considerable saving in the cost of
production.
A long solid ingot cast in a solid or an ordinary mould not requiring
the addition of phosphorous is after being bored out by the crown drill
described in the Specification of the Patent above referred to rolled

page_text: cold to the required size, whereas hitherto it has been found necessary to
roll or forge the ingot at a red heat; the subsequent operations for
finishing the cylinder, roller, or tube are performed as usual, or in some
cases by drawing.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, we declare that we claim,-
First. Making the moulds for casting ingots for making cylinders,
rollers, or tubes of copper, or copper and its alloys, solid, as shewn and
described.
Secondly. The particular arrangement of the core bar and plunger
in combination with the mould, as shewn and described.
And, lastly. The improved mode of manufacturing copper cylinders,
rollers, and tubes without hot rolling or forging, as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Sumner and Eric Hugo
Waldenström, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
second day of June One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
ERIC HUGO WALDENSTRÖM. (L.S.)