MENTS IN ELECTRIC ARC LAMPS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Kryszat at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1883.
ALBERT KRYSZAT of the City of Moscow in the Empire of Russia.
MENTS IN ELECTRIC ARC LAMPS."
" IMPROVE-
My said invention relates to improvements in electric lainps and consists of a
special arrangement and construction of the parts as shown in the following
specification.
The upper part of my improved lamp consists of a disc of nonconducting
material such as marble slate or other suitable material and carries a series of
carbon holders each of which said carbon holders ends in a cylindrical spring clamp.
The straight carbon holders are fixtures whereas the bent carbon holders are cach
provided with a suitable moveable knee which said knee is held by a suitable
spring out of contact with the straight carbon holder. The straight carbon holders
are connected to each other by means of suitable arms or links so that the said
carbon holders are held a suitable distance apart. The lower part of the lamp
contains the moveable parts of the mechanism of the same and is surrounded by a
metallic druin which not only protects the mechanism but can at the same time
serve to increase the current resisting power of the large spool or bobbin.
metallic disc is moveably attached to the marble or other disc or plate by ineans of
the pivot which said disc carries on its lower surface or side as many studs or
projections as pairs of carbon holders are employed in the lamp.
A series of metallic segments in like number with the studs pins or projections
or pairs of carbon holders are arranged around the revolving disc and are attached
at suitable distance from each other on the non conducting disc or plate.
These said segments are arranged equidistant around the same centre as the
moveable disc and are attached to the nonconducting disc or plate by means of
suitable screws or screw bolts, which said screws pass through the said disc of
nonconducting material into the lower end of the moveable carbon holders.
A flat

page_text: metallic spring is arranged in the space between the moveable disc and the
stationary segments. One end of this said spring is attached to the moveable disc
whereas the other end comes in contact with the interior surface of the segments
and glides from one segment to the other during the rotation of the moveable
disc.
In order to attain the revolving action of the disc a chief bobbin or electro-
magnetic coil with a spindle like core of ordinary construction is arranged in the
lower part of the lamp which said spindle can be readily moved in and out of the
spool or bobbin when the electric current is induced or cut off.
A hook is attached to the outer end of this said spindle or core the free end of
which said hook hears against one of the studs pins or projections and is prevented
entering the bobbin by means of a spiral spring. As the electric current passes
through the chief spool or bobbin the spindle or core is drawn inwards and the
stud or pin moved a section further by means of the hook. The spring glides at
the same time from one segment to another. The electric current enters the lamp
through the conductor and passes off by a. second conductor.
The first conductor is in direct contact whereas the second conductor is isolated
and attached to a metallic bridge which latter is attached to the nonconducting
disc or plate and carries two metallic springs which said springs glide on the
circumference of the moveable disc and serve to conduct the electric current from
the first conductor to the moveable disc.
A bracket angle and a suitable gland serve as guide bearings for the spindle or
core of the chief bobbin or spool.
A second smaller bobbin or spool is provided in like manner as is the case with
The small
the chief bobbin or spool with a moveable central spindle or core.
bobbin or spool is arranged within the lamp and serves to automatically interrupt
the circulation of the electric current through the chief bobbin or spool by means
of a suitable spring which said spring is lifted or raised out of contact with the
contact pin as soon as the electric current passes into the small spool or bobbin or
enters the lamp at all.
This second bobbin is attached to the nonconducting disc or plate and is con-
A suitable
nected with the links or connecting arms of the outer carbon holders.
connecting wire runs from the isolated conductor to each of the bobbins or spools.
Round straight carbons pointed at the ends are as customary inserted in the
carbon holders.
My said improved lamp is adapted for employment with continuous currents and
also with alternating currents but it must be observed that when the lamp is
employed with continuous currents the carbons to each pair of carbon holders
must be of different diameter whereas for alternate currents all the carbons can be
of like size.
The number of carbon pairs employed depends on the time the lamp is desired
to remain burning.
A small collar or ring of paper card-board or other nonconducting material
which readily burns is placed over each pair of carbons immediately above the
holders and so that the spring cannot push the moveable carbon holder out of its
parallel position.
A small cone or conical cap of paper or other combustible material is placed
over the pointed ends of each of the pairs of carbons in such manner that the ends
of both carbons come in contact with each other by their own elasticity and
without moving the carbon holders.
When the lamp is not in operation the parts are in the following positions.
The two iron spindles or cores are cut of contact with the electromagnetic spools
bobbins or coils, the hook rests against one of the studs pins or projections, the
second hook is entirely free and the spring rests on the contact pivot leading to the
conductor.
The current in entering the lamp passes through the first conductor through the
chief bobbin, spool or coils, through the links into the links or connecting arms

page_text: and into one of the straight carbon holders, flows from the said carbon holder to
the corresponding second carbon, through the screw the corresponding segment and
spring, into the disc and from thence through the two springs and bridge into the
second conductor, the resistance of the electromagnetic coils or bobbin being
stronger than the resistance produced by the burning carbons.
Should a pair of carbons become burnt out or one or both of the carbons break
the light is extinguished the current immediately interrupted by the back pressure
of the spring and the said current led through the chief bobbin or coils whereby
the core or spindle is drawn into the bobbin and the hook caused to move the disc
around for the length of a segment to the next stud pin or projection. A fresh
communication is thus effected through the next pair of carbons and through the
smaller spool or bobbin which at once draws the spring from the pin and thereby
entirely interrupts the current through the chief bobbin thus allowing the full force
of the current to pass to the carbons. It is evident that the automatic revolution
of the disc in the lamp prevents all interruptions in the current even when all
the carbons have been exhausted. The extinguishing of a lamp has furthermore
no sensible influence on the strength of the current in the whole circuit or even on
the machine itself.
It may be mentioned that the lamp could be further simplified by omitting the
small bobbin which would not prevent the action of the lamp but there would be
a loss of electric power through the chief bobbin during the burning of the
carbons.
The most prominent features and improvements of my said lamp are as
follows:-
The lamp requires only one conducting wire for any number of carbons and the
current is not interrupted when one of the lamps in the circuit is extinguished;
the construction of the lamp is simple and the said lamp can therefore be produced
at a considerably lower price than any regulating lamp hitherto known.
No accurately finely adjusted working parts and no clockwork requiring careful
attention and frequent oiling are employed.
The carbons retain their position whilst burning and the light produced is much
more steady than the ordinary lights.
No heating of the bobbin or coils can take place, as so frequently occurs with
so'
other lamps with alternating currents, for the reason that no current flows through
the chief bobbin so long as the lamp remains burning. The lamp requires no
attendance during burning or skilled assistants for preparing the lamp as the
renewal of the carbons is equally as easy as placing a candle in a candlestick 50
that the expense of electric lighting is greatly reduced.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Albert Kryszat in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th July
1883.
ALBERT KRYSZAT of the City of Moscow in the Empire of Russia. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC ARC LAMPS"
My said invention relates to improvements in Electric Arc Lamps and consists
of a special arrangement and construction of the parts as shown in the accompanying
drawing. Fig: 1 is a view of my improved lamp seen from beneath. Fig: 2 is a
perspective view of the said lamp. Fig: 3 is a vertical section of the lamp on the
line 1-2 in Fig: 1. Fig: 4 is a vertical section of Fig: 1 on the line 3-4 in
Fig 1. Fig 5 is a view of the under or lower surface of the disc f, segments h
and rollers g. The upper part A of my improved lamp consists of a disc B of
nonconducting material such as marble slate or other suitable material and carries
a series of carbon holders ab each of which said carbon holders ends in a cylindrical
spring clamp. The carbon holders a are fixtures whereas the carbon holders b are
each provided with a suitable moveable knee which said knee is held by a suitable
spring c out of contact with the carbon holder a.
The carbon holders a are connected to each other by means of suitable arms or
links d so that the said carbon holders a are held a suitable distance apart. The
lower part C of the lamp contains the moveable parts of the mechanism of the
lamp and is surrounded by a metallic drum which not only protects the mechanism
but can at the same time serve to increase the current resisting power of the spool
or bobbin D. A metallic disc f is moveably attached to the disc or plate B by
means of the pivot c which said disc f carries on its lower surface or side as many
rollers g as pairs of carbon holders are employed in the lamp. A series of metallic
segments h in like number with the rollers g or pairs of carbon holders a bare
arranged around the revolving disc f and are attached at suitable distance from
cach other on the nonconducting disc or plate B. These said segments h are
arranged equidistant around the same centre as the disc f and are attached to the
disc or plate B by means of suitable screws or screw bolts i which said screws i
pass through the said disc of nonconducting material into the lower end of the
carbon holders b. A flat metallic spring is arranged in the space between the
disc f and the stationary segments h. One end of this said spring is attached to
the disc whereas the other end comes in contact with the interior surface of the
segments h and glides from one segment h. to the other during the rotation of the
disc f. In order to attain the revolving action of the disc fa bobbin or electro-
magnetic coil D with a spindle-like core of ordinary construction is arranged in the
lower part of the lamp which said spindle can be readily moved in and out of
the spool or bobbin D when the electric current is induced or cut off. A hook lis
attached to the outer end of this said spindle or core the free end of which said
hook bears against one of the rollers g and is prevented entering the bobbin by
means of a spiral spring m. As the electric current passes through the spool or
bobbin D, the spindle or core is drawn inwards and the roller g moved a section
further by means of the hook l.
The spring glides at the same time from one segment to another.
The electric current enters the lamp through the conductor n and passes off by
the conductor o.
The conductor n is in direct contact whereas the conductor o is isolated and
attached to the metallic bridge p which latter is attached to the disc or plate B
and carries two metallic springs q which said springs glide on the circumference

page_text: of the disc f and serve to conduct the electric current from the conductor n to the
disc f.
The angle and the glands (Fig: 3) serve as guide bearings for the spindle or
core of the bobbin or spool D.
E is a second smaller bobbin or spool provided in like manner as is the case with
the bobbin or spool D with a moveable central spindle or core.
This bobbin or spool E is arranged within the lamp and serves to automatically
interrupt the circulation of the electric current through the bobbin or spool D by
means of the spring t which said spring is lifted or raised out of contact with the
contact pin was soon as the electric current passes into the spool or bobbin E or
enters the lamp at all.
This second bobbin E is altached to the nonconducting disc or plate B and is
connected by a link u with the links or connecting arms d of the outer carbon
holders a. A suitable connecting wire runs from the isolated conductor o to each
of the bobbins or spools D. E. Round straight carbons pointed at the ends are as
customary inserted in the carbon holders a b. My said improved lamp is adapted
for employment with continuous current and also with alternating currents but it
must be observed that when the lamp is employed with continuous currents the
carbons to each pair of carbon holders a b must be of different diameter whereas
for alternate currents all the carbons can be of like size. The number of carbou
pairs employed depends on the time the lamp is desired to remain burning-A
small collar or ring of paper, cardboard or other non-conducting material which
readily burns is placed over each pair of carbons immediately above the holders
and so that the spring c cannot push the carbon holder b out of its parallel
position to a.
A small cone or conical cap of paper or other combustible material is placed
over the pointed end of each of the pairs of carbons in such manner that the ends
of both carbons come in contact with each other by their own elasticity and
without moving the carbon holders a b―When the lamp is not in operation the
parts are in following positions:-
The two iron spindles or cores are out of contact with the electro-magnetic
spools, bobbins or coils, the hook Z rests against one of the rolls g, the hook v is
entirely free and the spring t rests on the contact pivot w leading to the
conductor o. The current in entering the lamp passes through the conductor o,
through the bobbin, spool or coils E through the link into the links or
connecting arms d and into one of the carbon holders a flows from the said carbon
holder to the corresponding carbon b through the screw i, the corresponding
segment and spring into the disc f and from thence through the two
springs y and bridge p into the conductor n, the resistance of the electro magnetic
coils or bobbin being stronger than the resistance produced by the burning
carbons.
Should a pair of carbons become burnt out or one or both of the carbons break,
the light is extinguished, the current immediately interrupted by the back pressure
of the spring c and the said current led through the bobbin or coils D whereby
the core or spindle is drawn into the bobbin and the hook is caused to move the
disc f around for the length of a segment to the next roller g.
A fresh communication is thus effected through the next pair of carbous and
through the spool or bobbin E which at once draws the spring t from the pin w and
thereby entirely interrupts the current through the bobbin D thus allowing the
full force of the current to pass to the carbons.
It is evident that the automatic revolution of the disc f in the lamp prevents all
interruptions in the current even when all the carbons have been exhausted. The
extinguishing of a lamp has furthermore no sensible influence on the strength of
the current in the whole circuit or even on the machine itself.
It may be mentioned that the lamp could be further simplified by omitting
the bobbin E which could not prevent the action of the lamp but there would be
a loss of electric power through the bobbin D during the burning of the carbons.

page_text: The most prominent features and improvements of my said lamp are as
follows:-
The lamp requires only one conducting wire for any number of carbons and the
current is not interrupted when one of the lamps in the circuit is extinguished, the
construction of the lamp is simple and the said lamp can therefor be produced at a
considerably lower price than any regulating lamp hitherto known.
No accurately, finely adjusted working parts and no clockwork requiring careful
attention and frequent oiling are employed.
The carbons retain their position whilst burning; the light produced is much
more steady than the ordinary lights.
No heating of the bobbin or coils can take place as so frequently occurs with
other lamps with alternating currents for the reason that no current flows through
the bobbin D so long as the lamp remains burning.
The lamp requires no attendance during burning or skilled assistants for
preparing the lamp as the renewal of the carbons is equally as easy an operation
as placing a candle in a candlestick so that the expense of electric lighting is
greatly reduced.
Having now described my said invention for improvements in Electric Arc
Lamps I desire it to be understood that what I claim and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is.-
1-The construction arrangement and employment of the disc f with the rollers g,
spring k, segments h, and hooks and v and the combined action of these parts in
an electric lamp operated by an electric current substantially as set forth in the
foregoing specification as and for the purpose described and shown in the
accompanying drawing.
2. The construction arrangement and employment of the carbon holders b and
spring c the conical caps and the collars or rings of paper or other combustible
nonconducting material for bringing the upper ends of the carbon pair into contact
and for holding the carbon holder b in correct position and the arrangement of the
parts so as to interrupt the current, when the carbon is burnt down substantially
as described in the foregoing specification.
3 The arrangement of the lamp by means of electro-magnetic coils or bobbins,
that the lamp not only protects itself from loss of current but also selfacting leads
the current from one pair of carbons into another without sensible interruption of
lighting, the carbons being not in any way moved or regulated during burning
substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Albert Kryszat have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty sixth day of July in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.
Witnesses
ARTHUR BAERMANN.
ANTHONY STEFFEN
ALBERT KRYSZAT (L.S.)