IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Glover, of Prestwich, in the County of
Lancaster, Composer of Music, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 25th February 1870, and dated the 31st August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Glover at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his l'etition, on the
31st August 1869.
I, WILLIAM GLOVER, of Prestwich, in the County of Lancaster, Com-
poser of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to improvements upon that description
of loom for which I obtained Provisional Protection, dated 9th May 1857,
No. 1307. I then proposed an arrangement the main feature of which
consisted in the application of a circular revolving warp and a stationary
shuttle, the reeds being in segments of a circle. I now propose to
arrange the reeds in right lines around the centre of motion, and the
Pice Rd 1

page_text: said warps and reeds therefore assume a polygonal form, the heald loops
being slightly curved; also I propose to use a ball which remains at the
bottom of the rotating warps by its own gravity and pays off the yarn
continuously as it is wanted. This shuttle, as it may be called, may be a
simple ball of yarn, but I propose to use it as a bobbin enclosed within
two hemispherical portions, which do not quite meet, so as to leave an
opening for the weft to pass through, but they are confined together
by means of a central pin or screw upon which the bobbin may be
mounted.
Or according to another method I mount the bobbin or cop in a bow
or curved frame carried by rollers so that it may remain at the bottom
by its own gravity. I also propose to adapt cups or other receptacles
acting as shuttle boxes to each section of reeds to hold the shuttle or
ball of weft, and in which it is detained by a spring or similar con-
trivance, which being withdrawn at the proper time allows the shuttle
or ball to fall into a cup or other such receptacle on the other side.
Secondly. My Invention relates to another arrangement of loom, and
consists in disposing warps in a circle or polygonally and keeping them
stationary, employing therewith a shuttle or shuttles which are mounted
in bows or frames, which I propose to drive by a rack and pinion or
similar arrangement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Glover in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GLOVER, of Prestwich, in the County of Lancaster, Composer of Music,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Glover, Her special license
that I, the said William Glover, my executors, 'administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Glover, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree, with, and no

page_text: IN
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the
said William Glover, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
с
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Glover, do hereby,
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (and accompanying Drawings), that
is to say:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to that description of loom for which
I obtained Provisional Protection, dated Ninth May One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven, No. 1307. I then proposed an arrangement
the main feature of which consisted in the application of a circular
revolving warp and a stationary shuttle, the reeds being in segments of
a circle. I still propose to adopt the same general principle, but instead
of disposing the reeds in segments of a circle I arrange them in right
lines around the centre of motion, and the said warps and reeds therefore
assume a polygonal form, the heald loops being slightly curved; also
I propose to use a ball which remains at the bottom by its own gravity
and "
pays off the yarn continuously as it is wanted. This shuttle, as
it may be called, may be a simple ball of yarn, but I propose to use it
according to methods hereafter to be described. I also propose to adapt
cups or other suitable boxes to each section of reeds to hold the shuttle
or ball of weft, and in which it is detained by a spring or similar con-
trivance, which being withdrawn at the proper time allows the shuttle
to fall into a cup or box on the other side.
Secondly. My Invention relates to another arrangement of loom, and
consists in disposing the warps in a circle or polygonally and keeping
them stationary, employing therewith a shuttle or shuttles which are
mounted in bows or frames, which I propose to drive by a rack and
pinion or similar arrangement.
.

page_text: My first improvement is shewn at Figs. and 2, and also in detached
views Figs. 3, 4.
At a is a framework carrying a central shaft b driven by motive power
in any usual manner. Upon this shaft is mounted a series of triangular
frames c capable of turning upon centres d carried by a boss e which is
fixed to the shaft b. Fig. 2 shews three only of these frames, but they
extend around the entire circle, and their upper parts of constitute the
polygonal portions of the said circle. Upon these upper parts are
mounted an equal number of reeds g, and a connection is established
from one to another by means of curved plates h, a pair of which may
Be considered as one tube. Upon studs attached to the upper reed bars h
are rollers which run in contact with a circular rim cam kaffixed to
the framing a, and as the lower portion of the said cam projects further
inward than the upper portion thereof it causes the frames c to turn
upon their centres so as to carry back the reeds g, as se 'n at the bottom
of Fig. 1. To the frames c are jointed rods 7, the other ends of which
(see Fig. 3) are provided with pins which are situate in recesses formed
within bosses on levers m capable of turning upon hinges n carried by
brackets o mounted upon a disc p which is fast upon the shaft b and
drawn in one direction by springs q, and at 2 is a fixed roller with which
these levers (one for each frame c) arrive successively in contact. In
order to steady the rods I pass them through rollers r mounted in a
disc s which is fixed to the shaft b. At t is another disc carried by the
shaft b and supporting the taking-up apparatus for each division of
the circle. This apparatus consists of two rollers u, v, the former being
the usual sand roller, and the latter that upon which the work is wound,
it being pressed inward by means of springs w which give way as the
cloth accumulates. Upon the sand rollers are toothed pinions which
take into others, on the axes of which are ratchet wheels x the shafts of
which are provided with levers y turning loosely thereon, and these
levers are furnished with driving clicks taking into the teeth of the said
ratchet wheels x. The levers y have extensions z which are thrust
forward by the frames c as they turn upon their centres d, as above men-
tioned, and the driving click therefore causes the sand roller to revolve
periodically and effect a rotation of the work beam v. The disc t carries
retaining clicks 1 which prevent a turning back of the said rollers, and
the driving click is carried backward for a repetition of the taking-up
motion by springs 2. This arrangement is only fully shewn at the upper

page_text: part of Fig. 1, but it is of course repeated for every segmental frame c.
At 3, 4, are the treadles connected to the healds 5, 6, which pass over
rollers 9, the outward of such rollers being carried by a disc S fast upon
the shaft b, and the inward by a boss S also fast upon the said shaft.
These treadles turn upon centres carried by arms 9 which extend from
the shaft b. The other ends of the treadles 3, 4, are provided with pro-
jecting recessed parts 10, 11, which as they revolve arrive successively
and alternately in contact with an incline 12 (see Fig. 4) mounted so as
Upon
to turn upon a centre 13 carried by the stationary framework.
the projecting parts 10, 11, are plates 14, 15, which as they revolve
arrive in contact with a horn-shaped spring 16 carried by the cam 12,
and by compressing the said spring charge it with power, but when they
leave it allow the force so accumulated to turn the cam 12 over upon its
centre. At 17 is one of a series of levers provided with a catch 18 upon
which pins, as at 19, are placed, when the treadles are moved to form a
shed, and they are kept in this position until liberated by an incline 20,
as will hereafter be explained. The warp beam (one for each section) is
shewn at 21 carried by the disc p, and to which any usual let-off motion
may be adapted.
In describing the operation of my Invention I will in the first instance
suppose that the shuttle consists of a simple ball of yarn, its position
being indicated at 22 between the open shed of warps 23, 24, at the
lower part of Fig. 1. Motion being now communicated. to the shaft b
the discs and bosses thereon and above described will be caused to
rotate, and consequently with them the operating parts of the loom. As
these motions take place the ball of weft 22 constituting the shuttle
remains within the open shed by its own gravity and pays off its weft,
and after one frame c has passed the said shuttle the beating up may
take place.
This is effected by the lever m and cam r, which by
causing a frame c to turn upon its centre d carries the reed g forward
into the position shewn at the upper part of Fig. 1, the said frame at
the same time arriving in contact with the lever z and effecting the
taking-up motion, as above described. The projecting part 10 now
running up the incline 12 places the pin 19 of the treadle 3 on the catch
18, and there it is for the present held, this movement opening the shed
by the separation of the treadles in the ordinary manner. After this the
charged spring 16 throws over the incline 12, as before mentioned, in
order that the projecting part 11 of the other treadle may be acted upon

page_text: to form another shed; but before this can be effected the pin 19 must
be liberated from the notch 18, and it is accomplished by the lever 17
running along a fixed incline 20, whereby it is caused to turn upon its
centre and move back the catch 18, and these operations are successively
repeated as the shaft b and parts which it carries continue to revolve,
the reeds g being moved back by the fixed ring cam k.
The next part of my Invention is shewn at Figs. 5, 6, and 7, the first-
mentioned Fig. being a representation of two of the reed frames, but
they are carried around the circle as in the formerly described arrange-
ment. In this instance each sectional frame is provided with cups 30,
31, one on each side thereof, and at 32 is a bell-crank lever turning upon
a centre 33 and drawn in one direction by a spring 34, the said bell-
crank lever pressing at times by means of one of its arms upon the ball
of weft or shuttle 35, as seen in the Drawing. The cups 30, 31, are on
each side of the reed 36, and according to the position shewn in the
Drawing the ball of weft or shuttle 35 is in the cup 30. Motion being
communicated to the shaft b, and the shed having been made, the upper
frame c is caused to travel in the direction of the arrow, and the pressure
of the lever 32 is taken off the shuttle by the arrival of the other end of
the said lever in contact with a stationary part, or indirectly by means
of a wire 37 or other suitable means. When this is done the cup con-
taining the ball of weft or shuttle is necessarily elevated above the other
or opposite cup, and it rolls by its own gravity between the warps into
the opposite cup 31, in which it is subsequently retained by the bell-
crank lever 32 being allowed to press upon it, and this continues until
the two cups have arrived in the position denoted by 30°, 31*. The
spring bell-crank lever is now drawn back, and as the shaft 6 continues to
revolve it elevates the cup 31*, and the shuttle rolls again into the other
cup 30*, and this operation successively takes place in reference to all
the others of the series of segmental reed frames, the picking of each
shuttle being effected both at top and bottom of a rotation. The other
ordinary motions of the loom, such as the shedding, the beating up, and
the taking up, may be effected by the means above described.
I have hitherto spoken of the shuttle as being simply a ball of weft,
but I will now proceed to describe certain arrangements for that pur-
pose. In Fig. 8, 38, 39, are two hollow hemispheric cases which are
screwed together, and within these is placed a bobbin of weft 40, the
yarn from which passes through an aperture 41. In Fig. 2 the bobbin

page_text: cases.
40 is placed upon two centre pins 42 extending from the hemispherical
In Fig. 10 each portion of the case is made with a projecting
part 43, 43, which serve as a centre for the bobbin, and are screwed the
one into the other to unite the two halves, but in such manner as to
In
leave a space 44 between them through which the weft passes.
Fig. 11 there is the same arrangement, excepting that the two halves
are kept together by a spring catch 45. In Fig. 12 the hemispherical
portions are screwed or clipped together as before, but the one is made
of smaller diameter than the other so as to enter it, but to leave an
annular space for the passage of the weft.
Another arrangement of shuttle is shewn at Fig. 13, and is supposed
to be provided with several bobbins or cops 46, so that when one is
emptied the weaving may go on from another. It consists of a case 47
formed bow shape and resting upon grooved rollers 48 which are carried
by the segmental frames before described. The open sheds are shewn
at 49 and the closed warps at 50, between the former of which the bow
shuttle is represented as situate.
The several bobbins are mounted to
turn pivots.
My next improvement is shewn at Figs. 14, 15. The framework is
at 1 bound together by a central rod 2 answering to the shaft b of
Fig. 1, excepting that in this case it does not revolve. Upon this sta-
tionary rod is mounted a disc 3 which carries the jointed frames 4 used
for supporting the reeds 5. At 6 are the cloth beans carried by the
frame 1 which is fast upon and extends from the rod 2. At 7, 8, are the
treadles mounted upon stationary centres 9 and connected as usual to
the healds 10, 11, which pass over rollers 12, 13, carried by arnis 14 fast
upon the rod 2.
At 15 is a pinion driven by the motive power and
taking into a wheel 16 which turns loosely upon the rod 2, and fast with
this is a rim wheel 17 in gear with a series of pinions 18 attached to
shafts 19. These shafts at their other ends carry flanged pullies 20, and
are supported by the same arms used for carrying the hinged frames 4;
and 21 is another series of grooved pullies, also supported by the said
arms, and between the two series is the shuttle 22 of a bow form, as
described in reference to Fig. 13, and carrying in the same manner
one or more cops or bobbins of weft. The motions for working the
treadles for beating up and for actuating the work beam may be similar
to those described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2, excepting that the
arrangement is here reversed by causing the treadles, the reeds, and the

page_text: beams to remain stationary, and the several parts p, 12, 20, of the said
formerly described Figs. will therefore be caused to revolve by connection
with the wheel 17. Motion having been imparted to the rim wheel 17, as
before mentioned, the shafts 19 will be caused to revolve, and the pullies
20, 21, which clip the shuttle will pass it forward, handing it as it were
from one set of warps to another throughout the circle, a fresh shed
being provided for it as it travels onward. In reference to this part of
my Invention 1 would observe that although I have shewn the reed
frames as constituting a polygon they may together with the healds, if
desired, be disposed in a circular form.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which it is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I do not limit myself to the precise mechanical arrange-
ments above described for illustrating the same; but I claim as secured
to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly. Arranging the reeds polygonally around a centre of motion.
Secondly. The use of a shuttle which rests by its gravity within the
shed and pays off the weft as required.
Thirdly. The constructions of weft carriers or shuttles described in
reference to Figs. 8 to 13 inclusive.
Fourthly. The cups or weft holders, illustrated at 30, 31, Fig. 5.
Fifthly. Carrying the shuttle or weft carrier around a centre, as
illustrated at Figs. 14, 15.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Glover, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM GLOVER. (L.S.)