IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF BAKERS' OVENS, AND IN THE USE OF FURNACES, AND OTHER APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Turner, of the Steam Bakery, No. 39,
Hockley, in the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Baker
and Flour Dealer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF BAKERS' OVENS, AND IN THE USE OF FURNACES, AND OTHER APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 13th September 1862, and dated the 14th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1862.
I, WILLIAM TURNER, of the Steam Bakery, No. 39, Hockley, in the Town
and County of the Town of Nottingham, Baker and Flour Dealer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF BAKERS' OVENS, AND IN THE USE OF FURNACES, AND OTHER APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED THEREIN," to
be as follows:-
For the purposes of this Invention I employ a square or other suitably
shaped oven having metal doors extending the entire width thereof; these doors
are lined or cased with fire-clay, fire-lumps, or other suitable material, and are
hinged at the top on a straight bar, which extends the whole length of the

page_text: breastwork of the oven or ovens, the said bar being fixed parallel with the
spring of the arch of the oven, the doors being thus hinged their own weight
will cause them to fit close, and thereby the oven will retain the heat better
than if the doors were. binged from the sides, or from the bottom thereof.
These doors whether there be three or more of them are intended to
open and shut independently of each other, or they may be opened and
shut altogether if desired; an operation that may be performed by con-
necting the several counterbalancing weights employed to. open and shut
them. I also use a furnace and flue and place the furnace doors in a parallel
or nearly parallel line with the oven doors, and cause the flue to rise from the
contrary or opposite corner to that of the furnace, by which arrangement the
whole area of the oven or ovens becomes equally heated. The furnace opening
on the square side of the oven opposite to that of the flue will afford a greater
radiation of heat, than would an opening on the angular side of an ordinary
oven. Where the furnace is fixed on the right-hand side of the oven, the flue
will of course be on the left-hand side, and, vice versâ. The hearth or floor of
the oven I lay in manner best adapted for conveying the skeleton carriages
into the oven, that is to say, the whole surface of this hearth or floor may
be perfectly level, with the exception of a slight elevation on each side thereof,
which said elevation is made for the purpose of preserving the wheels of the
carriages from contact with the sides of the walls. The hearth may be laid
wholly or partly of fire-bricks or tiles, and that part of it which is traversed by
carriages may if required be composed of metal, and this metal may be raised
to a suitable elevation, and wheels furnished with flanges may be made to
traverse the rails thus elevated, in which case the carriages, racks, or grates
would be suspended from the axles of the wheels, instead of being supported
by them. The roof of the ovens may be dome-shaped or otherwise shaped, and
if made of a square arch form, the upper part of the front of the said arch
may be closed with the breastwork of the oven, leaving only sufficient space
for the doors. And further I employ metal skeleton carriages, racks, or grates
mounted on wheels at each end thereof, and adapted for receiving tins and
moulds of various sizes and shapes, in which said tins and moulds the dough
had been previously placed for the purpose of conveying the same into the oven.
The number and size of these carriages, racks, or grates, which may be required
for filling the oven, will of course be regulated by the size both of the oven and
of the carriages, racks, or grates employed therein. I also employ other metal
skeleton carriages, racks, or grates which are adapted for receiving pans either
with or without wood, tiled, or slated bottoms, upon which the dough after having
been formed into loaves, known to bakers as hearth or oven bottomed loaves,
o

page_text: had been previously placed for the purpose of conveying the same into the
oven. When the bottoms used are of wood, they may be withdrawn from the
oven prior to baking the bread. And furthermore I employ other carriages
made either of wood or metal, and which are intended to traverse the whole
length of the breastwork of the oven or ovens. These carriages I use to con-
vey the skeleton carriages or their equivalents when laden with tins, metal
pans, or moulds filled with dough, to the front of the oven prepared to receive
them, and also for receiving the said metal carriages laden with the bread
when baked, and conveying the same to any part of the premises; the said
´skeleton carriages may be placed in or drawn out of the oven by manual
labour or mechanical contrivance.
By using my Invention the work is done more expeditiously, and is far
less laborious than heretofore, and the product is of superior quality.