IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES, CASES, AND MAGIENERY BAD THE CAMP " PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Roberts Black, of 23, Sumner Place, Onslow
Square, in the County of Middlesex, M.D., and Henry William Spratt,
of Walbrook Buildings, in the City of London, Architect and Surveyor,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES, CASES,
AND MAGIENERY BAD THE CAMP
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Roberts Black
and Henry William Spratt at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th July 1861.
We, JAMES ROBERTS BLACK, of 23, Sumner Place, Onslow Square, in the
County of Middlesex, M.D., and HENRY WILLIAM SPRATT, of Walbrook
Buildings, in the City of London, Architect and Surveyor, do hereby declaré
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOXES, CABES, TUBES, RINGS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES, AND MACHINERY FOR THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an improved mode of constructing and manu-
facturing boxes, cases, tubes, rings, and such like articles (some of which are
usually made of pasteboard or thin wood and paper), by moulding, and forcibly
compressing into the form required, a pulpy substance made from vegetable or
animal fibres, either alone or in conjunction with earthy matter, starch, size,
gum, oil, glycerine, resine, or other suitable substance.

page_text: The machinery we propose to employ is of the following construction:-We
employ a mould or die to receive the pulpy substance, we then employ one or
more plungers to mould and forcibly compress it into the form required. The
mould is pierced so as to permit the air and water to pass through it. When
two plungers are employed, we withdraw the first and supply its place with air
driven through its centre before removing the second plunger. The moulded
article is delivered by another plunger, and is then removed into a drying room.
In some cases we prefer to make the sides of the mould moveable, and then
this will be an additional operation, and will be effected previously to the
action of the delivery plunger.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Roberts Black and Henry William Spratt in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th January 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
ROBERTS BLACK, of 23, Sumner Place, Onslow Square, in the County of
Middlesex, M.D., and HENRY WILLIAM SPRATT, of Walbrook Buildings, in
the City of London, Architect and Surveyor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
James Roberts Black and Henry William Spratt, Her special licence that we,
the said James Roberts Black and Henry William Spratt, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Roberts Black
and Henry William Spratt, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iк-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES, CASES, TUBES, RINGS, AND SUCH LIKE
ARTICLES, AND MACHINERY FOR THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said James Roberts Black and Henry William Spratt, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Roberts Black and Henry
William Sprátt, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
Our Invention consists of an improved mode of constructing and manu-
facturing boxes, cases, tubes, rings, and other such like articles. (some of
which have hitherto been usually made of pasteboard or thin wood and paper),
by moulding, and forcibly compressing into the form required, pulp made from
vegetable or animal fibres in conjunction with earthy matter, starch, size, gum,
oil, glycerine, resin, or other similar stiffening substance.
.
+
The machinery we employ is of the following construction :-We employ a
mould or die to receive the pulpy substance. We then employ one or more
plungers to mould and forcibly compress it into the form required. The
mould or plunger is pierced so as to permit the air and water to pass through
it. When two plungers are employed we withdraw the first, and supply its
place with air driven through its centre before removing the second plunger.
The moulded article is delivered from the mould by another plunger, and is then
removed into a drying room. In some cases we prefer to make the. sides of
the mould moveable, and then this will be an additional operation, and will be
effected previously to the action of the delivery plunger.
We now proceed more particularly to describe the best means with which we
are acquainted for carrying our Invention into effect.
We receive the pulpy substance in a mould or die, the bottom of which is
formed by the top of the delivery or expelling plunger, and is therefore made
moveable and capable of being pressed upwards. We employ another
plunger to forcibly compress and mould the pulpy substance into the form
required. The mould or the moulding plunger are formed with small holes or
channels to permit the air and liquid to escape. The moulding plunger first
acts on the pulpy mass, and while this plunger is being withdrawn, the delivery
plunger acting from below presses up the moulded substance, and delivers it
out of the mould.
5
In another arrangement a single plunger is used, the same plunger thus
performing both offices, namely, it effects the moulding, and it also delivers
the moulded substance from the mould, forcing it downwards therefrom. In
this case, after using the plunger to mould the article, we remove the bottom
of the mould, which is made moveable for that purpose, and continue the

page_text: downward action of the plunger, and so drive the moulded substance down-
wards through and from the mould through the open bottom thereof.
We sometimes employ a second plunger, which surrounds the before-
mentioned moulding plunger as a collar, and acts upon the pulpy substance
after the first plunger has acted on the same and further compresses it, and
then acts with the first plunger to drive the moulded pulpy substance through
and from the mould. The same object may be obtained where one plunger is
used; by forming the collar in a piece with the plunger or fixing it fast
thereon..
In another arrangement we form the sides of the mould moveable, by con-
structing them in two or more pieces, and we withdraw them laterally from the
pulpy substance when moulded.
We facilitate the disengaging of the plunger or the mould from the moulded
pulp, when to be separated therefrom, by driving air between the plunger or
the mould and the moulded substance, whereby we prevent the latter's adhering
to the mould or plunger.
When the pulpy substance is moulded we remove it into a drying chamber,
where it is dried slowly.
Screw press or lever, or other convenient power, may be used to work the
plungers.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same may be performed, we declare that we claim, the manufacture
of boxes, cases, tubes, rings, and other such like articles, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Roberts Black, for myself and on
behalf of the said Henry William Spratt, have hereunto set.my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
PHILIP HATHAWAY,
38, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
Solicitor.
J. R. BLACK. (L.S.)