IMPROVED PAPER MAKING APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark of the firm of A. M and
W. Clark of 53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Fellow of the
Institute of Patent. Agents for an Invention of IMPROVED PAPER MAKING
APPARATUS communicated to him from abroad by Max Sembritzki, of Zurich,
Sland
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1883.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M and W. Clark of 53 Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents
"IMPROVED PAPER MAKING APPARATUS." [Communicated to him from abroad by
Max Sembritzki, of Zurich, Switzerland]
This Invention consists in apparatus for mechanically carrying out the process
of making hand made paper, the system comprising :-
(1) A paper makers mould of special construction and having a peculiar series
of motions. (2) The application of pneumatic exhaustion to the undersurface of
the mould to facilitate the draining of the paper pulp and the couching of the
sheet. (3) A distribution of the pulp whereby a given quantity may be poured
upon and spread over the mould. (4) The combination of the arrangements
constituting a new system of apparatus for mechanically making hand made
paper.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood I have illustrated
an example thereof in the accompanying drawings without however limiting
myself to the form or details of the parts therein represented.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the whole system, Figure 2 a longitudinal section,
Figure 3 a plan, Figure 4 a vertical section showing the arrangement and
mounting of the mould and the pneumatic exhaust applied thereto. Figure 5 is a
diagram representing the various motions given to the mould. In all these figures
the same letters indicate the same parts.
A is the mould fitted within a casing a having double walls between which the
pulp overflowing from the mould A is received to be returned to the vat. The

page_text: mould is free to receive a slight vertical motion within this casing through
the agency of jointed push rods b riding upon rails c. The mould A with its
double casing a rests upon a carriage B moving upon ways for the purpose of
transporting the mould to and fro between the pulp distributing and the couching
apparatus. During its forward movement the mould passes between a pair of
vibrating arms & pivoted at their one end and connected at their other end to a.
crank or other mechanical motion whereby a lateral shaking motion is imparted to
the inould and its casing.
The mould thus receives:-
1 A uniform alternate rectilinear motion of translation.
2nd A vertical motion at each traverse of the mould.
3rd A horizontal lateral shaking motion.
The exhaust beneath the mould for draining the pulp and facilitating the
couching of the sheet is effected at the desired moment by the unclosing of the
mouth of a tube e pendent from the carriage Band sliding upon a partly horizontal
and partly inclined slide for by a self acting cock.
The pulp distributor consists of a chest D having open tubes h fixed in holes in
the bottom and rising within the chest said tubes being arranged in rows in
regular order. A plunger i is fitted to work up and down in the chest, the plunger
having vertical holes in it corresponding to the tubes h, but of sufficiently greater
diameter to allow the pulp displaced by the descent of the plunger to rise through
said holes and overflow down the tubes h, the mechanism being so arranged that
this shall occur when the mould arrives beneath the chest.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows. The tank C is supplied with
purified pulp by any suitable regulated means whence it flows through tubes g to
the distributing chest D. The mould A at the end of its return travel comes
beneath the distributer D and strikes the elbow leverk whereby the plunger i
is forced down thereby displacing a certain quantity of pulp which flows
out through tubes h on to the inould. The mould then begins to receive the series
of movements indicated in the diagram figure 5, wherein is the starting point of
the mould covered with pulp, the travel of the mould being from a toy and back
again from y to . In its forward motion the mould receives a transverse
vibratory motion, whilst passing between the pair of arms d in order to spread the
pulp uniformly upon the mould, discharge the excess into the space between the
double walls a, aud cause the fibres composing the pulp to become felted together.
Up to this point of the operation the mouth of the tube e remains closed by
resting upon the horizontal part of the slide f, but by the continued advance of
the carriage the mouth of the tube passing over the downwardly inclined part of
the slide, becomes gradually unclosed allowing the drainings from the mould which
have collected in the tube to run off, thereby producing an exhaustive effect
beneath the pulp which may be regulated by suitably arranging the inclination of
the slide or by a cock placed on pipe e. When the mould has arrived at y the
pulp is almost completely drained, and becomes entirely so by the vibratory
upward motion from y to y¹ which it receives by the jointed rods b riding up the
inclined ends of the rails c (or by any other suitable means) on the return
movement of the carriage. This upward motion also has the effect of increasing
the suction produced by the partial vacuum beneath the mouth.
The carriage returns about half its travel, with the mould in this elevated
position, and on arriving at a¹ the mould touches the coach roll E whereby the
sheet is taken off and couched upon the endless felt or blanket which travels at
the same velocity as the mould carriage.
The sheet being couched passes beneath one or more press rolls before it arrives
at the drying apparatus which may be combined with the above or the sheet may
be hung up to dry in suitable drying chambers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Patent Office on the 22nd February
1884.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M and W. Clark of 53 Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents,
"IMPROVED PAPER MAKING APPARATUS" A communication to me from abroad by
Max Sembritzki of Zurich Switzerland
This Invention consists in apparatus for mechanically carrying out the process
of making so called "hand-made" paper the system comprising:
(1) A paper makers mould of special construction and having a peculiar series
of motions. (2) The application of pneumatic exhaustion to the undersurface of
the mould to facilitate the draining of the paper pulp and the couching of the
sheet. (3) A distribution of the pulp whereby a given quantity may be poured
upon and spread over the mould (4) The combination of the arrangements
constituting a new system of apparatus for mechanically making "hand made"
paper.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood I have illustrated
an example thereof in the accompanying drawings without however limiting myself.
to the form or details of the parts therein represented.
Figure 1 is a side elevation. Figure 2 a longitudinal section. Figure 3 a plan
and Figure 4 a cross section of the whole system of apparatus showing the
arrangement and mounting of the mould and the pneumatic exhaust applied
thereto. Figure 5 is a diagram representing the various motions given to the
mould. In all these figures the same letters indicate the same parts.
A is the mould fitted accurately within a casing a having double walls between
which the pulp overflowing from the mould A is received to be returned to the vat.
The mould is free to receive a slight vertical motion within this casing through
the agency of jointed push rods b riding upon rails c during the return motion
of the carriage, the rods being so jointed as to bend back during the forward
motion but become rigid on the return motion of the carriage. The mould A with
its double casing a rests upon a carriage B moving upon ways for the purpose of
transporting the mould to and fro between the pulp distributing and the couching
apparatus. During its forward movement the mould passes between a pair of
vibrating arms d pivoted at their one end and connected at their other end to a
crank or other mechanical motion whereby a lateral shaking motion is imparted to
the mould and its casing.
The mould thus receives:
1 A uniform alternate rectilinear motion of translation,
2nd A vertical motion at each traverse of the mould.
3rd A horizontal lateral shaking motion.
The exhaust beneath the mould for draining the pulp and facilitating the
couching of the sheet is effected at the desired moment by a self acting cock or
by the unclosing of the lower mouth of a tube e (pendent beneath the carriage B)
whose upper end communicates as shown with the enclosed space beneath the
mould and whose lower end slides upon a partly horizontal and partly inclined
slide f
The pulp distributor consists of a chest D having open tubes h fixed in holes in
the bottom and rising within the chest said tubes being arranged in rows in
regular order. A plunger i is fitted to work up and down in the chest, the plunger

page_text: having vertical holes in it corresponding to the tubes h, but of sufficiently greater
diameter to allow the pulp displaced by the descent of the plunger to rise through
said holes and overflow down the tubes h, the mechanism being so arranged that
this slinll occur when the mould arrives beneath the chest.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows. The tank is supplied with
purified pulp by any suitable regulated means whence it flows through tubes g to
the distributing chest D. The mould A. at the end of its return travel comes
beneath the distributer D and strikes the elbow lever le whereby the plunger is
forced down thereby displacing a certain quantity of pulp which flows out through
tubes on to the mould. The mould then begins to receive the series of
inovements indicated in the diagram figure 5, wherein is the starting point of the
mould covered with pulp, the travel of the mould being from toy and back
again from ytor. In its forward motion the mould receives a transverse vibratory
motion, whilst passing between the pair of arms d in order to spread the pulp
uniformly upon the mould, discharge the excess into the space between the double
walls a and cause the fibres composing the pulp to become felted together, Up to
this point of the operation the month of the tube e remains closed by resting upon
the horizontal part of the slide but by the continued advance of the carriage the
mouth of the tube passing over the downwardly inclined part of the slide, becomes
gradually unclosed allowing the drainings from the mould which have collected in
the tube to run off, thereby producing an exhaustive effect beneath the pulp which
may be regulated by suitably arranging the inclination of the slide or by a cock
laced on pipe e. When the mould has arrived at y, the pulp is almost completely
drained and becomes entirely so by the vibratory vertical motion from y to y
which it receives by the jointed rods b riding up the inclined ends of the rails c
(or by any other suitable means) on the return movement of the carringe. This
upward motion also has the effect of increasing the suction produced by the partial
vacuum beneath the mould..
The carriage returns about half its travel, with the mould in this elevated
position, and on arriving at the mould brings the sheet against the conch roll E
whereby the sheet is taken off and couched upon the endless felt or blanket which
travels at the same velocity as the mould carriage. Upon the rods arriving at
the ends of the rails c the mould descends and returns horizontally, to the starting
point to repeat the operation.
The sheet being couched passes beneath one or more press rolls before it arrives
at the drying apparatus which may be combined with the above or the sheet may
be hung up to dry in suitable drying chambers.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is;
1 In a machine or apparatus for making so called hand made paper the
mould A fitted within the overflow casing a in combination with the jointed push
rods b, the rails c, the carriage B and the vibrating arins d substantially as herein
shown and described for imparting to the mould the various motions herein
specified.
2 In a machine for the manufacture of so called "hand made" paper the
combination of the mould A, the carringo B the draining and exhaust pipe e and
the slide f for regulating the opening and closing of the pipe e substantially in the
manner and for the purposes specified.
3rd Inn machine for the manufacture of so called hand mado", paper the
combination of apparatus for effecting the automatic distribution of the pulp
consisting of the chest D furnished, with rising tubes and connected with the feed
tank C, in combination with a plunger or displacer i having fioles passing over
tubes substantially, as and for the purpose specified.
4 In a machine for the manufacture of so called "hand made" paper the
combination of the mould A receiving the combined or simultaneous motions

page_text: described, the carriage B provided with the draining and exhausting device
producing a pneumatic effect upon the mould, and the distributing chest D
furnished with its tubes h and the correspondingly perforated plunger i substantially
as herein described and shown in the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Alexander Melville Clark have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty-second day of February A.D. 1884.
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