Improvements in and connected with Regenerative Lamps, particularly applicable for Burning Warm Petroleum Vapours.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date claimed for Patent under Sect. 103 of Act,
being date of first Foreign Application (in 17th Nov., 1892
France),
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 15th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 24th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Regenerative Lamps,
particularly applicable for Burning Warm Petroleum Vapours.
I, PIERRE LOUIS GIRARDET of 16 Rue Drouot, Paris in the Republic of
France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object a new system of regenerative lamps, more
particularly applicable for burning the hot vapour of petroleum essence, and
having, with this object in view, certain characteristic peculiarities of construction
not existing in the regenerative lamps hitherto employed for the combustion of
coal gas. It must, in fact, be remarked that the heavy vapours of petroleum essence
cannot be burned in the regenerative burners with reversed flame serving for the
combustion of this latter.
The heavy and hot vapours of petroleum essence, forming in fact the elements
of a gas which cannot be conveyed in pipes, only produce by combustion an
intense light if mixed with a large quantity of air heated to a high temperature.
The openings for admitting air and discharging the gases of combustion are
insufficiently formed for this purpose in ordinary gas and regenerative burners.
On the other hand, the heavy and hot vapours of petroleum essence have a
tendency to descend (when discharged from the ordinary regenerative burners)
arising from the position of the openings for the escape of the gas, a tendency
which imparts a wrong direction to the flame and prevents the oxidation of it in
its external parts.
This improved system of regenerative lamps, which enables these various draw-
backs to be avoided, has the following distinctive characteristics-
1st. The arrangement of the tubes for the escape of the heated gases arising
from the combustion in such a way as to cause them, the heated gases, to play
upon the outside of large heating surfaces.
The air which is to be directed on to the burning vapour being thus forced to
pass over the outside of these surfaces, the contact takes place at practically the
moment when the air reaches the temperature of the vapour itself, which allows of
a perfect combustion being obtained, together with a whiteness and almost absolute
steadiness of the flame.
2nd. The choice of a particular form for the tubes for the escape of the products
of combustion, forming, by their external surfaces, guide channels for the direct
introduction of heated air into the inlet chamber.
This particular form of the tubes allows of the revolving motion of the air
around the escape tubes being avoided, and forces it to assume the direction of the
chamber communicating directly with the flame, the result of which is a regular
raught insuring the steadiness of the flame, this form of tubes further affords in
the, smallest possible space a maximum diameter for the escape of the large

page_text: quantity of gas produced, and the oxidation produced under these conditions
insures for the flame an absolute whiteness, together with the perfect com-
bustion of all the gases, which then escape without smoke and without any
smell.
3rd. A burner differing in its construction from all those hitherto employed,
particularly as regards the direction of the gas jets, and its internal arrangement.
4th. The arrangement of an upper reservoir for the liquid, situated above the
burner, and separated from this latter so as to avoid any possibility of heating and,
consequently, of accidents.
In order to allow of this Specification being more easily understood, reference
will now be made to the accompanying drawing, which shows, as an example-
Figure 1, a view in sectional elevation of a complete lamp on this new
regenerative system:
Figures 2 and 3, views, on a larger scale, in transverse sectional elevation on the
line 3, 4 of Figure 3, and in sectional plan view on the line 1, 2 of Figure 2, of
the characteristic parts of this new system of lamp.
Figure 4 is a separate view in sectional elevation of a modification of one of
the parts of the new system of lamps.
The same reference letters indicate the same parts in the various figures.
The lamp comprises a reservoir A of annular or any other form, held by a
support B in the shape of a lyre or other similar arrangement, and on which the
generator or carburetter C of any suitable type is arranged. The gas or vapour
which is produced there escapes under pressure by D, which is arranged in the
form of an injector, a modification of which is shown in Figure 4. From there it
passes by means of the tube E into the burner F, whence it escapes by the
openings arranged at 45 degrees. By this arrangement, the vapour is prevented,
owing to its weight, descending towards the bottom and thus giving a wrong
direction to the flame, which would be the case with openings placed on the
periphery of the burner, as are those of gas burners. On emerging from these
points, the jets of flame encounter, on the one hand, on their interior surface, a
stream of heated air drawn in by suction, and flowing in by means of the central
passage G, after having traversed the interstices H formed between the tubes K
which serve to carry off the products of combustion; and, on the other hand, on
their external surface, a jet of cold air brought by the openings o formed in the
annular plate O. The products resulting from this combustion rise by the tubes K,
following the direction of the arrows o'. The form of these tubes has been
designed so as to give a maximum contact surface for the air which is to be heated,
which, arriving by the openings formed in the wall L, acting as an insulating
medium, is deflected in the direction of the arrows m in such a way as to pass round
the case N and to flow through the interstices H formed between the tubes K.
The incoming air has, however, been previously deprived of its impurities by
passing through a metallic gauze T, it then passes on by means of the tube G to
the edges of the flame, as was hereinbefore described, whilst the products of com-
bustion escape at the upper part by means of the tube U. The arrangement is
completed by a socket V fixed, by means of a bayonet joint, on the lower part of
the tube G, and serving to maintain, if it be deemed necessary, a sheet of metal X,
which is not indispensable, a glass cup (or globe) Y fitted in a ring y and having a
hinge y', and a catch fastening y" allows of the flame being protected from currents
of air.
A lighter Z, which may be impregnated with essence by means of the tube and
wick 2, allows, of the jets of gas, which escape from f, being ignited.
The burner F properly so called has, in addition to the openings fat 45 degrees,
a central internal conical projection F' intended to give the gas jets a very regular
direction as regards the openings f.
The insulating wall L is intended to prevent the reservoir containing the
mineral essence from becoming heated, in consequence of the proximity of
the flame, to such an extent as to raise the temperature of such essence. The

page_text: reservoir A is filled with liquid by means of M, which may be closed by means of
a screw stopper.
In the modification shown in Figure 4, the arrangement D, of Figure 1, which
serves to produce an injection of the air supplied by the openings d, is replaced by
the arrangement D', forming a chamber composed of an unperforated material.
The air flows in through the opening d', the small recess d serves to receive and
retain the heavier vapour which has not been carried off at the commencement of
the operation, which vapour becomes heated by the conductivity of the material
and is then vaporised in order to be afterwards carried away by the current
of vapour.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements in and connected with regenerative lamps, particularly
applicable for burning warm petroleum vapours, consisting in providing, in such
kind of lamps, the combination, with a special arrangement of tubes serving for the
escape of the products of combustion, and forming a considerable heating surface,
and of a suitable form for the air intended to cause the combustion of the above-
mentioned vapour, of a burner forming a closed chamber, terminating internally,
following the axis of arrival of the vapour, in the form of a point, so as to direct
the latter without eddying towards the discharge openings formed at about
45 degrees, the whole combined with an arrangement of an upper reservoir placed
above the burner and suitably separated from the latter, substantially as herein before
described and shown as an example on the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 14th day of April 1893.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.