THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Bernardet de Lucenay, of Paris, in the
Republic of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
for the Invention of "THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES
BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT."
Sealed the 12th March 1858, and dated the 30th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Bernardet de
Lucenay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th October 1852.
I, PIERRE BERNARDET DE LUCENAY, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "THE PRODUCTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES BY
MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the mode of employing artificial light for
the production of photographic images.
The light must be parallel or diffuse, according to the effect desired.,
It is rendered parallel by placing the light to the focus of a parabolic
mirror, or to the principal focus of lenses for silhouettes of a natural

page_text: size, or negative copies upon grounds of any kind, which are covered
with a sensible layer, and are placed on a dry or damp state any distance
behind the negative.
The light is rendered diffuse for portraits. In this case the inter-
position of blue cobalt glasses will be required, and the reflectors will 5
be a simple screen of a dull ground placed behind the luminary.
The light is produced either by the galvanic battery, or by refractory
bodies heated by flames of oxygen, or by the combustion of artificial
compositions
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Pierre Bernardet de Lucenay in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PIERRE BERNARDET DE LUCENAY, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Pierre Bernardet de Lucenay, Her special licence that I, the
said Pierre Bernardet de Lucenay, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Pierre Bernardet de Lucenay, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE PRODUCTION
OP PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Pierre Bernardet de Lucenay, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
⚫ NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre Bernardet Lucenay, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Iuvention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
My Invention consists in certain mechanical arrangements for apply-
ing artificial light from an electric battery, refractory bodies heated
by lighted oxigen, or by the combustion of pyrotechnic compositions, or
by any other suitable means. The light employed will be rendered
-parallel or diffused, according to the effect I have in view. I render it
parallel by placing the illuminating body within the focus of a parabolic
mirror or within the main focus of the lenses. The annexed Drawing
represents the apparatus which I consider the best adapted to obtain
the representation on glass; it is composed of a tube, either round or
square, and in which I set the stereotype plate which is to be copied; I
place the said stereotype plate, between an objective P, P, and an
unpolished glass. The back of the stereotype plate being turned on
the side of the unpolished glass, I can in certain cases dispense with
the unpolished glass and the objective (either together or separately),
when the stereotype plate to be reproduced or when the kind of the
illuminating body employed requires it.
The Drawing shows the tube A, A, or plate bearer at the extremity
of the camera obscura B, B, B, B, which can only receive light through
the orifice C, C, of the plate bearer A, A; it is also requisite that the
diaphragm D, D, should fill up all the vacant space left by the stereo-
type plate, in order that the light should only strike the said stereotype
plate to be copied and not the whole tube A, A. In the inside of the
camera obscura B, B, B, B, which I suppose to be about three feet in
length, I place at the opposite extremity of the tube A, A, the 'slide
E, E, which is provided with the frame of unpolished glass F. I make
also in the middle of the inside of the chamber B, B, B, B; a separa-
tion G, G, in which I place an ordinary daguerreotype objective.. H,
varying in dimensions according to the proportions of the object to be
monroduced

page_text: The dimensions of the tube A, A, are proportionate to the dimen-
sions of the stereotype plate, and in order that the copy to be obtained
should be of the same dimensions, and an exact fac simile of the
stereotype plate, care must be taken that the glasses of the objective be
placed at an equal distance from the plate to be copied and the
unpolished glass I, on which the image is to be produced.
All the preliminary arrangements having been made, I make use of
any artificial illuminating body 0, 0, 0, 0, with reflectors K, K, K,
by which the artificial light is reflected into the interior of the tube
A, A, whether it is with or without unpolished glass and objective in
the interior, and is caused to pass through the stereotype plate; and the
usual daguerreotype objective II, placed in the inside and center of the
chamber B, B, B, B, will transmit the image on the unpolished glass I,
placed at the opposite extremity of the stereotype plate, of the same
dimensions and as faithful as the plate itself.
In lieu of unpolished glass I can make use of a frame with a plate,
a glass, or with paper prepared for photography (for instance, a glass
covered with a layer of colodion suitably prepared for photographic
purposes), with which I obtain the same effect. 1 must observe, that
the degree of celerity of the operation will depend on the intensity of
the illuminating body employed, and if the electric light is preferably
employed it will be convenient to intercept that light by means of an
unpolished glass M, M, placed between it and the stereotype plate, and
by that means I avoid the vacillation or fluttering generally produced
by the electric light, and I render the light itself more diffused. The
other parts or details of the photographic operations, being the same as
generally used, I consider it useless to describe them.
And having now described my Invention and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details of operation or form of apparatus herein-before
described, provided the general features be similar to what has been
herein laid down. But what I claim as new, and intended to be
protected by the said Letters Patent, is,―
Firstly, the employment of artificial light for obtaining photo-

page_text: graphic images, as herein-before described, reference being had to the
Drawing.
Secondly, the apparatus for applying artificial light, as herein-before
described, reference being had to the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Bernardet de Lucenay,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day
of April, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
(L.S.) P. BERNARDET DE LUCENAY.
Taken and acknowledged by the said
Pierre Bernardet de Lucenay, at
Paris, this Twenty-second day of
April 1852, before me,
Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at Paris,
(L.S.) THOMAS PICKFORD.