Improvements in Round Burners for Mineral Oil.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 30th May, 1894-Accepted, 30th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Round Burners for Mineral Oil.
I, LOUIS SEPULCHRE, of Herstal near Liége, in the Kingdom of Belgium
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In carrying out my invention, I employ in combination with a button, disc, or
central diffuser of any kind, a second cone or cap encircling the ordinary one in
such a manner as to leave between them an annular passage, through which the
external fresh air enters and is fed to the flame being enlarged or expanded in its
passage by the central disc. This arrangement excludes and replaces with
advantage the current usually introduced in this class of burners, either below the
chimney supported by spring clips, or through openings provided in the metal
gallery which serves as a holder for the chimney.
Upon the accompanying sheet of drawings illustrating my invention Figure 1
represents a vertical section of an arrangement of a burner in which a central
disc or diffuser d and a cone D are combined for the purpose of combustion. The
additional cone D', which may be of any suitable form-even an ordinary piece of
cylindrical or conical tube-and which is here represented of the usual form, is
combined with the disc or diffuser d and the cone D in such a way that an additional
current of air is supplied to the flame at its outer surface through the annular
passage bb between the two cones D D'. The opening b b may if desired be in
the form of a ring of small holes or perforations. This new current of air also
serves to fill the space between the flame and the chimney in conjunction with the
current of air supplied by the cone D, in such a way as to preclude any admission
of air whatsoever at the base of the chimney.
The annular opening bb between the cones D and D' which may be arranged in
any precise form or manner, replaces with advantage the ordinary air inlet contrived
underneath the glass whether through the spring-clips or through small holes
provided in the gallery or glass-holder, such inlet passage being liable to become
choked, and consequently to impede the proper action of the burner. Moreover the
secondary exterior current of air, which usually only forms a protecting stratum of
air between the flame and the glass, is utilized by my arrangement for assisting and
improving combustion. The delivery bb of this air passage is much more efficacious
for the purposes of combustion owing to its proximity to the flame, and to the fact
of the upper side of the additional cone D' being at or near the same height, as the
upper side of the cone D, or even at a higher level than the latter, as shewn in
Figure 1.
Figure 2 represents in combination with the new cone D', and the central disc or
diffuser d, a special arrangement in which the cone D has a distinct contraction or
shoulder R, at or near the level of the burner tubes t t, for the purpose of producing
a more energetic action of the air upon the gases as they issue from the wick, and
to keep the exterior surface of the latter cool during combustion. In this figure it
will be seen that the two cones are shewn of the same height.
In Figure 1 each of the two currents of air exterior to the flame has a separate
inlet, whereas in Figure 2 there is only one inlet common to the two currents.
Dated this Ninth day of September 1893.

page_text: Improvements in Round Burners for Mineral Oil.
I, LOUIS SEPULCHRE, of Herstal, near Liége, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in round burners for mineral oil and has
for object to improve combustion and prevent heating of the wick tube and of the
oil reservoir in lamps provided with such burners, by an arrangement of two air
passages having separate annular openings for supplying fresh air to the flame at
or near the exit of the wick from the burner tube.
In carrying out my invention 1 employ in combination with a button disc or
central diffuser of any kind, a second cone or cap encircling the ordinary one in
such a manner as to leave between them an annular passage through which the
external air is fed to the flame being enlarged or expanded in its passage by the
central disc. This arrangement supersedes and advantageously replaces the current
usually introduced in this class of burners below the chimney, either through the
spring clips or through openings provided in the metal gallery which serves as a
chimney-holder.
Upon the sheet of drawings filed with my Provisional Specification No. 16989"
illustrating my invention, Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of my improved
burners having two cones D and D' combined with a central disc or diffuser d.
It will be seen by reference to Figure 2 that I provide the round burner in the
first place with a special cone D having at or near the height of the outlet end of
the burner tubes t t, a contraction R for the purpose of concentrating the current of
fresh air upon the outer vertical surface of the wick at the exit of the latter from
the burner tube, and thus to keep it cool and prevent it from igniting whilst the
This condition
interior surface and upper edge of the wick continue to burn.
effectually ensures a brilliant flame and also prevents the heating of the burner
tube and of the oil reservoir.
As shewn on Figures 1 and 2 the upper end of the cone D is bent inwardly thus
making the diameter of its orifice smaller than that of the outer tube of the wick
case or approximately equal thereto. The bent part of the cone D induces a rapid air
current above the wick, the result being that when through inadvertence the wick
is raised too high, its upper edge comes into the full current of air directed hori-
zontally by the orifice of the cone D and this edge of the wick being till then
ignited cools and ceases to burn freely, thereby rendering all smoking impossible.
In effect by raising the wick excessively its upper edge is brought close to the bent
upper end of the cone, the air passage is contracted and the wick already cooled at
its outer vertical surface is extinguished at its upper edge, leaving only its inner
vertical surface alight. Consequently the lighted surface being reduced instead of
increased as is the case with existing burners when the wick is raised too high, no
smoke is produced.
The contraction R of the cone D requisite to ensure the extinction of the outer
vertical surface of the wick of a round burner being necessarily very sharp, the
quantity of air allowed to pass between the contracted vertical passage of the cone
and the wick is greatly reduced and becomes insufficient to properly feed a full
sized flame. In order to compensate for the loss of heated air requisite for the
combustion of the gases, and to ensure the same brilliancy and clearness at the
edges of the fully developed flame as at its lower part, I combine with the cone D
a second cone Di, as shewn on Figure 2, encircling the first and forming therewith
a separate passage for the purpose of supplying a supplementary current of au
through the annular opening 6 6 to the flame.

page_text: .
The air delivery of this opening 6 bis much more efficacious for supporting
combustion since it is nearer to the flame; therefore when the flame is expanded in a
hollow spherical shape by a disc d, the upper end of the cone D' will advantageously
be arranged at or near the same height as that of the cone D as shewn in Figure 2,
or in case the flame is more cylindrical it will be placed at a higher level: in this
latter case also the upper end of the cone D' may with advantage be brought
closer to the flame above the top of the cone D as shewn in Figure 1. Preferably
each of these two air currents exterior to the flame has a separate inlet, as shewn
in Figure 1, although if desired both currents may have a common inlet, as shewn
in Figure 2. The annular opening bb may be in form of a ring of perforations.
The precise form of the cone D', is immaterial: it may consist of a piece of
ordinary cylindrical tube. The current of air which it supplies to the flame
supersedes and advantageously replaces the current usually introduced below the
chimney either through the spring clips or through openings in the gallery sup-
porting the chimney. The width of the annular opening 66 may be accurately
adjusted and it replaces with advantage the passage usually arranged below the
glass, which is liable to become fouled and consequently to impede the efficiency of
the burner.
Figure 1 shews the application of the second cone D' combined with an inner
cone D without the contraction R, but having an upper opening smaller than or
nearly equal to the outer diameter of the wick case.
I may also apply the improvements described to round burners not provided with
a central diffuser, the form of the flame being then more cylindrical.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In round burners for mineral oil, a cone. D characterised by a sharp con-
traction R, approximately at the height of the mouth of the exterior tubet of the
wick case for the purpose of preventing the scorching of the exterior vertical
surface of the wick, substantially as described.
2. In the cone described in Claim 1, the upper orifice having a diameter equal
to or smaller than the exterior tube t of the wick case, for the purpose of cooling
the rim of the wick when it is raised too high, and of thus preventing smoke as
described and shewn upon the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification.
3. In combination with the cone described in Claim 1 a second cone D' encircling
the first and forming with it a passage for delivering a supplementary current of
air, exteriorly upon the flame, in order to compensate for the loss of air of
combustion resulting from the contraction R of the inner cone substantially as
described.
Dated this Thirtieth day of May 1894.