CERTAIN NEW AND IMPROVED APPLICATIONS OF PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS.CERTAIN AGENTS PRODUCED BY COMBINING THE SAKE WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND CERTAIN MODES OF TREATING CAOUTCHOUC. GUTTA PERCHA, AND THEIR COMPOUNDS AND SUBSTANCES SIMILAR THERETO
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Henry at File
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1862.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
NEW AND IMPROVED APPLICATIONS OF PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS. CERTAIN
AGENTS PRODUCED BY COMBINING THE SAKE WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND CERTAIN
MODES OF TREATING CAOUTCHOUC. GUTTA PERCHA, AND THEIR COMPOUNDS AND
SUBSTANCES SIMILAR THERETO," communicated to me from abroad by the Joint
[Price Sd.]

page_text: Stock Company called the Societe Chartier et Compagnie, of 33, Boulevard
Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the vulcanizing and devulcanizing of caoutchouc
by means of petroleum or products extracted therefrom to the production of
agents or compositions in which petroleum or its products is or are employed,
and to various other manufacturing and useful applications of petroleum and
its products.
In some instances crude, in other refined, and in others rectified petroleum
is employed, and sometimes a product or mixture of petroleum is used,
herein-after called mixed petroleum, consisting of a combination of the three
following products, which the description of clear and highly volatile petroleum
now mostly obtained from America (though it may be from other places)
yields under distillation or rectification, vizt.-
1. A clear colorless liquid boiling at about 154° smelling like ether, and
of a density of 0.669° at x 60°; the density of its vapour is 305°. This liquid
is the most plentiful of the products of the distillation, and is sometimes called
hydruret of caproylene.
2. A clear colorless strongly smelling etherented liquor boiling at about 203°.
3. A heavier clear colorless liquid distilling at about 320°.
By combining these three products what I call "mixed" petroleum is
obtained. The word petroleum is herein-after sometimes used as implying
or including the products extracted from petroleum.
A principal object of the Invention consists in the application of petroleum
as a solvent.
One object of this Invention is the removal of spots or stains of grease,
wax, oil, and fatty acids and like matters; also cleansing clockwork and other
wheelwork, lithographic stones, cylinders, printers' types and forms and other
surfaces. For these purposes, mixed petroleum or other rectified petroleum is
employed, or a compound is produced by combining mixed or other rectified
petroleum with nitro-benzine or other fragrant or perfuming agent, preferring
980 parts petroleum to 20 parts (or more) nitro-benzine.
Another object of the Invention is dissolving and purifying caoutchouc and
similar matters, also restoring it or separating it from fabrics or other
surfaces on which it may have been applied. For these purposes rectified
petroleum is used, but the mixed petroleum is that employed, by preference,
for the purpose. For example, 20 parts caoutchouc may be dissolved cold
in 100 parts mixed petroleum. Caoutchouc may be liquified by reducing it
to pieces, sprinkling it with petroleum, and stirring. The dissolving processes

page_text: may be urged by heating the mixture by the aid of steam in a close vessel so
as to collect the vapours. Caoutchouc may be dissolved in petroleum for
various manufacturing purposes, as, for instance, for purifying vulcanized
caoutchouc, dissolving caoutchouc parings and waste, 'manufacturing threads,
waterproof fabrics, damp proof varnishes, and figured caoutchouc, repairing
indurated caoutchouc, preparing sheets or films of caoutchouc by subjecting
the solution to evaporation, and, in short, to the various uses for which
caoutchouc is dissolved or caoutchouc solutions employed. Petroleum may
also be employed for dissolving gutta percha. and its compounds, also the
caoutchouc-like exudations of plants of the euphorbiacere, urticace, asclepiadere,
papaveracea, and other tribes; also matters analogous to caoutchouc and
caoutchouc in combination with gutta percha or other substances. A large
proportion of the petroleum used may be recovered by heating the solution
in a water bath within a close vessel, and stirring.
The next object of the Invention is vulcanizing caoutchouc. For this
purpose, rectified petroleum, but preferably "mixed" petroleum, may be used,
or the following compound with or without sulphur. This compound may be
prepared-by-taking-rectified petroleum, mixed petroleum or mineral essence
or spirit, preferably saturated with sulphur precipitated or not in a closc
vessel by the aid of heat, and combining it with chloride or bromide of sulphur,
preferring in some cases 95 parts petroleum to 5 sulphur. The petroleum
may be colored by orchanet or other agent. When vulcanized caoutchouc is
to be dissolved in petroleum it may first be boiled in a carbonate of soda
solution.
The next object of the Invention is the devulcanizing of caoutchouc. For
this purpose the caoutchouc should be reduced to small pieces, and placed in a
retort with mixed or other rectified petroleum which is best adapted when in
a condition of hyduret of caproylene. After maceration, the product is dis-
tilled, and a large proportion of the liquid collected. The petroleum which
remains in the retort holds caoutchouc in solution, and also dilated and dis-
integrated caoutchouc in suspension; the latter is crushed to a pulp, and is
pressed and mixed with the liquor holding caoutchouc in solution, and the
whole is heated in a close vessel. The vulcanized caoutchouc which has been
disintegrated but not perfectly dissolved is heated to from 212° to 356°, and
kept at that temperature till it becomes smooth, cohesive, elastic, and soluble
in petroleum. The product may be further purified by again dissolving it in
rectified petroleum, and leaving it at rest in a close vessel. The solution may
be drawn off, and the petroleum separated by distillation.

page_text: The next object of the Invention is the manufacture of varnishes. For
this purpose crude rectified or mixed petroleum is combined with resins or
gum resins.
Another object of the Invention is the manufacture of composition for
coating, clearing, or flatting oil painting in lieu of spirit of turpentine. For
this purpose a compound is prepared by combining rectified or mixed
petroleum or mineral essence of rectified or mixed petroleum with caoutchouc
and turpentine, galipot, or colophany; the proportions sometimes preferred
are 97 parts petroleum (in which is dissolved) part caoutchouc and 2 parts
Lurpentine.
The next object of the Invention is a damp-proof varnish or coating.
For this purpose I combine oil paint, preferring white paint with turpentine
or zumatic or other drier, petroleum or mineral essence and caoutchouc,
galipot, or colophany may be substituted for turpentine, the same as also the
caoutchouc being dissolved in the petroleum. The following proportions may
be used in some cases:
Paint
Bordeaux Lurpentine
Barruel's zumatic drier
Petroleum or mineral essence
Caoutchouc
->
70 parts.
-
20
33
-
2
23
-
}
رو
.
The next object of the Invention is the extraction of fixed and volatile or
essential oils from fruits, plants, and other matters containing the same. For
this purpose rectified petroleum, preferring the mixed petroleum, is used and
separated from the dissolved fatty or oily matters by distillation in a close
vessel.
The next object of the Invention is the extraction of perfumes from plants
yielding scent by distillation, such as jasmin, cassia, tuberose, reseda, and
others; for this purpose petroleum is employed.
In some of the foregoing applications, processes, or compositions crude
petroleum instead of mixed or rectified petroleum may be used.
The various proportional parts, hercin-before mentioned, are parts by
weight, but all these proportions may be varied. The degrees of density are
degrees Baume; those of temperature are by the Fabrenheit scale.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Michael Henry in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MICHAEL
HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent, Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto ine, the
said Michael Henry, Her special licence that I, the said Michael Henry, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Michael
Henry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands,-and-Isle-of-Man,-an-Invention-for-"-CERTAIN-NEW-AND-IMPROVED
APPLICATIONS OF PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS, CERTAIN AGENTS PRODUCED BY
COMBINING THE SAME WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND CERTAIN MODES OF TREATING
CAOUTCHOUC, GUTTA PERCHA, AND THEIR COMPOUNDS AND SUBSTANCES SIMILAR
THERETO," communicated to me from abroad by the Joint Stock Company
called the Societe Chartier et Compagnie, of 33, Boulevard Saint Martin,
Paris, France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Michael
Henry, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Sual Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the,
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michael Henry, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, as communicated to me, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the employment of petroleum and its products for
vulcanizing and devulcanizing caoutchouc for producing certain agents or com-
positions, and for other manufacturing and useful purposes..
:
In carrying out the Invention a particular product or mixture of petroleum

page_text: herein-after called "mixed petroleum," may mostly be employed with advan
tage. This product or mixture consists of a combination of the three following
products obtained by distillation or rectification from the clear and very
volatile petroleum generally procured from America, though it may be from
other places.
-
1. A clear colorless liquid, boiling at about 154°, smelling like ether, and of
the density of 0.669° at 60°; the density of its vapour is 3'05°. This liquid
which is the most plentiful product of distillation, is called (especially by
Pelouze and Cahours) hydruret of caproylene.
2. A clear colorless strongly smelling ethereated liquid boiling at
about 208°.
3. A heavier clear colorless liquid distilling at about 320°.
By combining these three products the compound which I call "mixed
petroleum" is obtained.
A principal object of the Invention consists in the application of petroleum
ȧs a solvent.
One object of this Invention is the removal of spots or stains of grease, wax,
oil, fatty acids, and like matters, and the cleansing of clockwork and wheel-
work, lithographic stones, cylinders, printers' types and forms, and other
surfaces. For these purposes according to this Invention mixed petroleum or
other rectified or refined petroleum is employed, or an agent or compound is
employed, produced by combining mixed or other rectified or refined petroleum
with nitro-benzine or other fragrant or perfuming agent, 980 parts mixed
petroleum and 20 parts nitro-benzine (mirbane) are suitable proportions, the
ingredients should be mixed together; the proportion of nitro-benzine or other
perfuming agent may be increased or reduced at pleasure.
Another object of the Invention is the dissolving and purifying of caoutchouc
or similar matters (the exudations of plants of the euphorbacea, urticacere.
asclepiadie, paveraceae, and other tribes), also the recovering or separating, of
caoutchouc or like matters from fabrics or surfaces on which the same has
been applied. For these purposes, according to this Invention, rectified or
refined petroleum is used, but the mixed petroleum is preferred; 20 parts
caoutchouc may be dissolved cold in 100 parts mixed petroleum.
In pre-
paring the mixed petroleumn for this object there should be a predominant
proportion of the first of its three components, caoutchouc may also be dis-
solved by reducing it to pieces, sprinkling it with petroleum, and stirring it.
The dissolving processes may be urged by heating the mixture by the aid of
steam in a close vessel so as to collect the vapours. Caoutchouc may be

page_text: dissolved in petroleum for various manufacturing uses, as for instance, for
purifying vulcanized caoutchouc, dissolving caoutchouc parings and waste,
manufacturing threads, waterproof fabrics and damp-proof varnishes, figuring
caoutchouc, repairing indurated caoutchouc, preparing sheets or films of
caoutchouc by subjecting the solution to evaporation, and in short for the
various uses for which caoutchouc is dissolved or caoutchouc solutions are
employed. Petroleum may also be employed for dissolving gutta percha and
its compounds, as also matters analogous to caoutchouc and gutta percha, and
caoutchouc combined with gutta percha and other substances. A large pro-
portion of the petroleum used may be recovered from the solution by heating
the latter in a water bath within a close vessel and stirring it.
The next object of the Invention is vulcanizing caoutchouc. For this
purpose according to this Invention a compound is produced by taking rectified
or refined petroleum or the "mixed petroleum," saturated with sulphur, preci-
pitated or not in a close vessel by heat, and combining it with chloride or
bromide of sulphur; suitable proportions are 95 parts mixed petroleum to 5
sulphur; more sulphur may be added to the compound if required.
The petro-
leum-may-be-colored-by-orchanet-or-other-agent. When vulcanized.caoutchouc
is to be dissolved in petroleum it should first be boiled in a carbonate of soda
solution.
The next object of the Invention is devulcanizing caoutchouc (especially
when vulcanized in white) for the purpose of devulcanizing caoutchouc.
According to this Invention the caoutchouc is reduced to small pieces and
placed in a retort with mixed or other rectified or refined petroleum which is
best adapted for this use when highly rectified or in a condition of hydruret of
caproylene. After maceration the product is distilled and a large proportion
of the liquid collected. The petroleum which remains in the retort holds
caoutchouc in solution, also dilated and disintegrated caoutchouc in suspension;
the latter is crushed into a pulp, and is pressed and mixed with the liquor
which holds the caoutchouc in solution, and the whole is heated in a close
vessel. The vulcanized caoutchouc which has been disintegrated but not
perfectly dissolved is heated to from 212° to 356°, and kept at that temperature
till it becomes smooth, cohesive. elastic, and soluble in petroleum. The
product may be further purified by again dissolving it in rectified petroleuni
and leaving it at rest in a close vessel. The solution is lastly drawn off and
the petroleum separated by distillation.
The next object of this Invention is the manufacture of varnishes. For this
purpose according to this Invention, rectified, refined, or "mixed." petroleum

page_text: First, the various applications of petroleum and its products herein-before
described.
Second, the varnishes and other agents or compounds herein-before described
produced by combining petroleum or its products with another substance or
other substances as above described.
Third, the methods of vulcanizing and devulcanizing caoutchouc, gutta
percha, their compounds and substances similar thereto by means of petroleum
or its products as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael Henry, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
S. E. A. NEWSOME,
Patent Office,
84, Fleet Street, London.
M. HENRY. (L.S.)