Improvements in the Means Employed for Purifying Sewage and other Waters, and for Deodorizing and Utilizing the Solids and Excreta.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Jan., 1890-Accepted, 8th Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Means Employed for Purifying Sewage and
other Waters, and for Deodorizing and Utilizing the Solids and
Excreta.
We, BENJAMIN JAGGER, HENRY BATESON JAGGER and ARTHUR TURLEY of 9 East
Parade Leeds in the County of York Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
:-
The object of our invention is to purify sewage and other waters and to deodorize
& utilize the solids & excreta for manurial purposes.
For the above object we employ ashpit refuse, road sweepings or any refuse
containing animal or vegetable matter, this refuse is carbonized in the usual manner
by being deposited in a kiln, furnace, muffle, oven or other receptacle for the purpose
of being brought to a red heat, after which the material is withdrawn, screened & the
larger sized pieces ground to the required grades by any ordinary means.
For dealing with sewage, manufacturers refuse or other foul waters the above
named carbonized material of fine grade, is mixed with the liquid in a tank by any
ordinary agitators, the effect, being, that the solid matter is precipitated, leaving the
water clear and inodorous.
In order to thoroughly precipitate all the impurities the liquid is allowed to run
into a succession of settling tanks as may be required to effect complete precipitation,
and from which the clear water passes, the residue or precipitated matter being
valuable for manurial purposes.
Or the above named carbonized refuse may be used as a filtering medium in the
following manner.
Filter beds on the downward principle may be constructed in any ordinary way
but preferably by laying in the bottom large pieces of coke or clinker, next a layer of
coarse cinders, above that a layer a fine cinders & on the top of that again a
layer of the aforesaid carbonized refuse of suitable grade, over which the sewage or
other water to be purified is run & allowed to percolate through, the result being
a clear and inodorous effluent.
The solids & impurities being left on the surface of the filter bed are, at suitable
intervals, & after the bed has drained, scraped or skimmed off, and an equal quantity
of the aforesaid filtering medium replaced, when the filter is again ready for use.
The scum taken from the top of the filter bed forms a valuable & portable manure.
In order to make the filter beds work as long as possible without skimming it is
intended to arrest the grosser solids in any ordinary inechanical manner by allowing
the sewage or other foul water to pass through one or more settling tanks or by passing
it through grids of various sized mesh but preferably by placing in the outfall,
immediately before it enters the filter bed, a series of 3 boxes, perforated on each side,
and filled with cinders, the first with coarse, the second with medium and the third
with fine grades, through all of which the liquid will pass laterally.
The aforesaid system of filtration may be applied to the purification of any waters
whatever whether such may be required for manufacturing or drinking purposes.
Where what is. known as the pail, tub or pan system of interception & collection
of excretions &c. from privies or closets obtains, a sufficient quantity of the above
named carbonized refuse of fine grade is used as will absorb the moisture & deodorize
it when thoroughly incorporated, the one with the other, this incorporation may be
effected by any ordinary mixing machine, the result being a most valuable &
portable manure.
In applying this invention to the "tub system" above referred to the manure
will be substantially as follows.

page_text: Each tub shall have (say) 6 inches of the aforesaid carbonized refuse powder put in
the bottom of it before or when it is first placed in the privy or closet, when it requires
removing the tub intended to replace it shall contain a double portion of the powder
and the attendant exchanging the tubs shall with a scope or ladle place the extra
quantity of powder on the top of the full tub the effect being to completely deodorize
it & allow of its removal without nuisance or inconvenience whilst at the same time it
partially accomplishes the absorbtion & incorporation before referred to & therefore
materially assists that operation.
Dated this Third day of April One thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Means Employed for Purifying Sewage and
other Waters, and for Deodorizing and Utilizing the Solids and
Excreta.
We, BENJAMIN JAGGER, HENRY BATESON JAGGER and ARTHUR TURLEY of 9 East
Parade Leeds in the County of York Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of our invention is to purify sewage and other waters, and to deodorize
and utilize the solids and excretions for manurial purposes.
For this purpose we employ ashpit, town, and (or)manufacturer's refuse, waste products
and any refuse whatsoever containing animal and (or) vegetable matter.
This refuse is carbonized in the usual or any manner by being deposited in a kiln,
furnace, muffle, oven, or other receptacle for the purpose of being brought to a red heat,
after which it is withdrawn, screened, and the larger sized pieces ground to the
required grades by any ordinary grinding machine.
For dealing with sewage, manufacturers refuse or other waters the above screened
carbonized material of powder grade is mixed with the liquid, in such proportions as
the nature of the sewage may require. The quantity required for any given sewage
must necessarily be determined by experiment, in a tank by an ordinary agitator or in
any other manner at the discretion of the operator, and then allowed to run through
& (or) flow over a number of settling tanks as many as may be required to effect
complete precipitation of the impurities and allow of a clear and inodorous effluent
Howing from the last one where sufficient tank room is available and where the levels
will permit the quiescent system of precipitating tank is recommended.
The residium or precipitated matter forms a valuable & portable manure.
The above-named carbonized refuse may also be used as a filtering medium in
the following manner. Filter beds on the downward principle may be constructed
in any ordinary manner but preferably by laying in the bottom large pieces of
coke or clinker, next thereto a layer of coarse cinders and over them a layer of
fine cinders on the top of which is placed a layer of the aforesaid carbonized refuse
of suitable grade and over which the sewage or other water to be purified is run
and allowed to percolate through, the result being a clear & inodorous effluent.
Where extreme purity is required the effluent from the first filter bed may be run
on to the surface of another one, constructed as before described, when whatever
impurities may have escaped through the first filter bed will be caught in the
second one and a perfectly clear & inodorous effluent assured.
The solids & impurities being left on the surface of the filter bed, are, at suitable
intervals, and after the flow of sewage has been stopped & the bed drained,
scraped or skimmed off and an equal quantity of the aforesaid filtering medium
replaced when the filter is again ready for use.
The scum or scrapings taken from the top of the filter bed forms a valuable &

page_text: Patent Office,
say three cages or
Jor above
33
read alone.
6th September, 1890.
G. 599A. 160.-9/90. D. & S.

page_text: portable manure.
In order to make the filter beds work as long as possible without
skimming, it is intended to arrest as far as possible all the matter in suspension and
this may be done by any of the various methods now adopted for that purpose.
Preference is however given to the following. The sewage shall pass as slowly as
possible through one or more sottling tanks but as previously stated preference would
be given to the quiescent system and afterwards through a series of say three cages or
laterally perforated boxes filled with cinders of various grades, the first, large, the
next, medium, & the last fine & from thence on to the surface of the filter beds over
which it is equally distributed by means of several spouts under which are placed
float boards that will prevent the flow of sewage washing holes in the filtering
material.
The settling tanks should be in duplicate so that whilst one set are in use the others
may be cleansed the cages or cinder boxes should also be in duplicate so that fresh
ones may be in readiness to replace those in use as they become choked or duplicate
channels may be provided each with its own set of cages or cinder boxes, so that
when one channel becomes blocked the flow may be diverted through the other one.
Should the sewage be of exceptional character & heavily charged with suspended
matter a combination of the two methods of purification herein described may be
adopted viz. precipitation first, followed by the filtration & should it be found that
any given district does not produce sufficient refuse to make carbon powder for the
efficient working of the combined systems or should the special character of the
Sewage require it, a chemical precipitant such as may be suitable to it may be used
either above or mixed in suitable proportions with the aforesaid carbon powder.
The aforesaid system of purification may be applied to any waters whatsoever.
Where what is known as the pail system of interception obtains, that is where the
excretions &c. are collected from closets or privies in pails, tubs pans &c. a sufficient
quantity of the above named carbonized refuse of fine grade is used as will absorb the
moisture and deodorize the excretions when thoroughly incorporated the one with
the other. This incorporation may be effected by any ordinary mixing machine and
the resultant is a very valuable & portable manure.
In applying this invention to the "pail system" the manner of it will be substantially
as follows.
Each pail shall have say 6 inches of the aforesaid carbonized refuse in powder form
put in the bottom of it before or when it is first placed in the privy or closet, when it
requires removing, the pail intended to replace it shall contain a double quantity of
powder and the attendant exchanging the pails shall with a scoop or ladle place the
excess powder on the top of the full tub the effect being to completely deodorize it &
allow of its removal without nuisance or inconvenience & at the same time the process
of absorbtion & incorporation before referred to is being partially effected rendering
that operation more easy & less obnoxious.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion & in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is;
The use of carbonized refuse substantially in the manner & for the purposes as
herein described.
BENJAMIN JAGGER.
HENRY BATESON JAGGER.
ARTHUR TURLEY.