IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES
Year: 1874

page_text: A
LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES."
communication from abroad by Charles Vogel, of Fort Lee, New
Jersey, United States of America, Machinist.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 25th November 1874, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton Build-
ings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant
unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has

page_text: been communicated to me from abroad by Charles Vogel, of Fort Lee,
New Jersey, United States of America, Machinist.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing forming a
part of this Specification:-
This Invention relates to a file cutting machine in which a bed is
used that rests directly upon the feed screw, the said screw being of
sufficient strength to support the bed while the file is cut.
The feed motion of the screw is produced by a ratchet wheol and
pawl, and with these parts is combined a spring which acts on the cover
of the journal box at one end of the feed screw, the said cover being
supported by an eccentric which is actuated by the mechanism imparting
motion to the feed pawl, so that when the feed pawl moves forward the
cover of the journal box is raised and the screw moves freely, but as
soon as the motion of the feed pawl stops the cover of the journal box
is depressed, and thereby the motion of the screw is checked and
irregularities in the feed motion are prevented.
The bed is saddle-shaped, and with it is combined a frame with
parallel motion links for the purpose of lifting the bed out of gear with
the feed screw when it is desired to move the same rapidly from one
point to another. This bed is provided with a cavity to receive a semi-
cylindrical secondary bed, and with these two beds is combined a gauge
which bears on the secondary bed and maintains the surface of the file
blank parallel with the edge of the cutter. The file blank is retained
on the secondary bed by clamping jaws and a spring, and the tension of
this spring is adjustable by an eccentric button so as to adapt the
pressure of the jaws to the file blank to be cut, while the said file blank
is free to yield and to take a proper bearing upon the bed.
The stock which carries the cutting tool moves between guides or slides
which can be set to avoid any looseness of the tool stock, and to insure
accuracy in the movement of the cutter. The tool stock is operated by
compressed air and the air cylinder is provided with a valve that opens
outwardly, and is held down by a lever provided with an adjustable

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a side elevation partly in section of a machine
constructed according to this Invention; Figure 2 is a plan or top view
partly in section of the same; Figure 3 is a transverse section on the
line x, x, Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an end view shewing parts of the said machine.
Figure 5 is a detached section of the self-adjusting bearing of the
feed screw of the said machine.
Similar letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawing.
In file cutting machinery the bed has been moved along by a
screw, but there is risk that the cuts will not be uniform in the
distance from one to the next because the vibration may cause the bed
to move either one way or the other, in consequence of any slight looseness
between the nut and screw. To avoid this difficulty I mount the bed a.
directly upon the screw b and make the screw of a size sufficient to
support the file bed under the action of the blows of the cutter. The
screw is supported near its ends in the bearings c, c', of the bed a,
and it is revolved progressively by means of a pawl 7 secured to a
lever g¹ that receives its motion from a crank pin 2, the pawl being
made to act on a ratchet wheel e which is mounted on the end of the
screw b. The said crank pin is adjustable in a groove 21, Figure 4, so
that the feed motion will be more or less according to the coarseness or
fineness of the file to be cut.
In order to prevent the inertia from turning the screw 6 beyond the
desired distance, I subject the cover c³ of the journal box c¹ to the action
of a spring c³ which is depressed by screws c³, and the power of which is
such that when it is allowed to depress the cover c² the journal of the
screw will be firmly clamped, and consequently said screw will be
prevented from being turned except by a considerable power. One end
of the cover crests upon an eccentric rock shaft c³, Figures 4 and 5, the
postion of which is governed by a tappet c. This tappet is clamped to
a tubular hub of the lever which carries the pawl g, and it carries two
screws c between which extends the crank-shaped end of the rock
shaft c³. At the moment the feed pawl reaches, the end of its downward

page_text: f
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stroke, as in Figure 4, the rock shaft c is turned to the position shewn
in Figure 5, and the spring c³ depresses the cover of the journal box and
the feed screw bis locked, so that it will not turn beyond the desired
point. The screws c are adjustable towards and from each other, so that
they can be set to correspond to the required foed motion.
:
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9
The bed a is made in the form of a saddle upon the screw b, hence
the same takes an even bearing upon the screw, and the screw thread is
made preferably with one side straight and the other at an inclination,
so that the movements given to the bed by the straight side of the
thread will be very definite, and at the same time the nut and the
thread will not wear loose on account of the inclination of the other side
of the thread. The edge 3 of. the upper bed slides. upon the. bed d, and
at the other side is a steadying roller 4 (Fig. 1), that may be adjustable.
To lift the saddle-shaped bed a from the screw for sliding it back to
the point of beginning I make use of a frame composed of bars h, h,
actuated by parallel motion links k,. and a foot lever K¹ that being
moved up beneath the edges of the said bed a, lift the same bodily
sufficiently to separate the screw threads, and on these bars h, h, the bed
can be easily pushed along by hand.
The secondary bed is placed in a segmental depression in the bar «,
so that the surface of the file blank i may accommodate itself to the
cutting edge of the cutter, and the cut will be of equal depth through-
out; but this feature in itself has before been used. I employ the
sliding surface gauge n that is pressed upon the surface of the file blank
with the required force by an arm o and weight m. This weight slides
on the air reservoir ¹ and it can be fastened by a set screw, as in
Figure 3, if it is desired to release the gauge from pressure, and to raise
the same from the file blank or file. The gauge n is adjacent to the
cutter and its edge is parallel with the cutting edge, so that when said
gauge bears upon the file blank the latter is held firmly to its bed, and
its surface is in a position parallel with the cutting edge.
7r
6
"
In order to hold the file blank i it has been usual to employ clamps
and. set screws acting upon the edges of the blank. These devices do
not allow the file blank to yield and take a proper bearing upon the bed,
when the screws hold firmly, and if there is any looseness in the screws
-the file will not be properly held. I avoid these difficulties by
employing a clamp p which swings on a pivot q secured in the bed. 1,

page_text: and which has concave edges next the file, and a similar clamp s jointed
to a spring which spring is, of sufficient power to hold the file firmly
but to allow a slight yield, and the file cannot get loose because the spring
constantly renews its grip upon the same. The spring is pivoted to
the bed by a screw 1, and its tail extends beyond this screw and bears
against an eccentric button f. By turning this button the tension of
the spring can be increased or decreased to the power required for
clamping the file blank.
The cutter is mounted upon a stock 2 moving in slides v below the
air cylinder w, and the stock is raised by a cam 10 on the shaft f, and
the tool is forced down with the desired power by the air under pressure
in the cylinder w. The slides are adjustable by the screws 11 and 12
to prevent any looseness and insure accuracy in the movement of the
cutter. The air reservoir v³ is supplied with air under pressure from a
pump P, and a safety valve 15 is employed for regulating the pressure
by adjusting the weight 18 or by a spring, so that the force of the blow
may be according to the cut that is to be made. The air passes from
the reservoir v¹ to the cylinder 10, and at 19 a check valve is employed
to prevent air returning from the cylinder w into the reservoir v'. When
the piston is clear down the pressure in the cylinder w is equal to
that in the reservoir v', which is regulated by the weight of the safety
valve 15. As the piston to' is raised by its cam the air in the cylinder
is compressed and thereby the blow is augmented.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish.it understood that. I claim,―
First. A bed a resting upon and supported by the screw in
combination with file cutting mechanism, said screw being of sufficient
strength to support the bed while the file is being cut, as above set
forth.
Second. The spring clamp c³ acting on the cover of the journal box of
the screw in combination with an eccentric for releasing the said
cover, and with the dog or pawl which produces the feed motion of the
screw 6 to insure regularity in the feed, as above set forth.
Third. The frame composed of the bars and parallel motion links
in combination with the saddle-shaped bed a a screw b, for the purposes
described,

page_text: Fourth. The gauge n and its weighted arm o in combination with the
cutter i, air cylinder wo, and beds and a, for maintaining the surface
of the file blank parallel with the edge of the cutter, as above set
forth..
Fifth. The clamping jaws p, 8, and spring t employed for holding
the file blank, as and for the purpose described.
Sixth. The excentric button in combination with the spring ₺ and
clamping jaws p, s, as and for the purpose set forth.
Seventh. The slides adjusted by screws 11, 12, in combination
with the stock n of the cutter 1, and the air piston, as above described.
Eighth. The means for regulating the force of the blow of the cutter
consisting of an air reservoir v¹, adjustable safety valve 15, check valve 19;
and air cylinder w, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
H. J. NOONE.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)