Improvements in Blowers and Exhausters.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 22nd May, 1890-Accepted, 28th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Blowers and Exhausters.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER CARLILE of 238 Albert Road, Aston, Birmingham in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention is intended to obviate difficulties which at present exist in connection
with the action of blowers or exhausters as applied for the purpose of moving volumes
of air or other gases. In one class of such machines the action is not positive and
in the case of fans, high velocities are required to give even fairly good results; on
the other hand when the arrangements are positive as in the case of pumps or even
rotatory piston blowers the moving parts are considerable in number and cause great
friction as well as being of necessarily expensive construction.
The valve arrangements also frequently give trouble and require a great deal of
attention to keep them in working order. The principal object of my invention is to
secure increased efficiency and positive action in blowers or exhausters while I
greatly simplify their construction and reduce the working parts and dispense with
valves entirely.
In one mode of carrying my invention into effect I construct a cylindrical vessel
of metal or other material closed at both ends and having two or more suitably
arranged disc partitions within it separating the vessel into cylindrical portions.
The central portions are divided by longitudinal partitions into equal or nearly
equal parts. The whole vessel revolves in a horizontal axis formed in one arrange-
ment by end tubes or trunnions mounted in a suitable frame and passing through
stuffing glands attached to the exterior ends of the cylinder or by a projecting boss
These tubes turn upwards
or collar forming the bearing or axis as it were in itself.
within the two extreme cylindrical divisions of the cylinder and serve as inlet and
exit passages for the air or other gas to be moved.
The longitudinal partition may be divided or pierced in the direction of its length
in the middle and on each side of it; in the separating discs are placed ports com-
municating with the extreme cylindrical divisions. To set the blower in action water
or other suitable liquid is put into it sufficient in quantity to fill it above the centre
and to entirely cover any central apertures which pierce the longitudinal partition.
The ports in the separating discs bounding the central portion of the vessel are so
arranged that the space on each side communicates with one air space only at any
one time.
There are four ports in all, two communicating with each half of the central portion
of the vessel and the end portions and so placed that one port of each half is under
water in any given position so that one port only of each half is in communication
with the ends.
When the vessel is rotated the level of the fluid remains approximately horizontal
and consequently the space between one side of the part of the longitudinal partition
which is out of the water is contracted and the air contained within it is expelled by
the discharge port into the pressure end of the vessel. At the same time the space
between the other side of the partition and the water is increasing and air is drawn
In this manner
into that side from the inlet end of the vessel by the inlet port.
air is continually drawn into one end of the rotating vessel and continuously expelled
at the other and the volume taken in and expelled is determined absolutely by the
capacity of the cylinder divided by the longitudinal partition.

page_text: Instead of piercing the longitudinal portion 1 sometimes form a tube along its
axis communicating with the two extreme divisions so that the water circulates from
end to end to compensate for the necessary displacement caused by the movement of
the partition or blades.
Whether pierced or formed with a tube the area must be sufficient to allow of
free flow of water or other liquid in order to avoid resistance from this cause.
Sometimes I divide the interior of the vessel by more than one longitudinal partition
and form four or six blades instead of two and if I desire it I may arrange for any
odd number of blades or chambers.
I also by another arrangement construct the internal portion with a tube having
a contracted end or having an end whose area I can regulate so as to prevent the
full return of the liquid through the blower when working against a pressure, or in
other cases I omit the tube altogether allowing the liquid to travel back through the
ports alone.
When high speeds are required I construct the partitions or blades in screw,
inclined or curved form so that they may enter the water gently without shock and
I make the air and water ports specially large. The twist may be given in the
direction of the length of the partition or it may be bent back from the direction
of motion so that it enters the water gently and without disturbance.
I prefer to use the inlet and discharge tubes as the axis upon which the vessel
rotates but I may cause the air to enter and be discharged in other ways without
departing from the essential features of my invention. I may dispense with stuffing
glands for example and rotate the vessel enclosed within an outer vessel half filled
with water introducing and discharging air by means of pipes passing through a
water seat.
By selecting a suitable material for the construction of the cylindrical vessel and
a suitable liquid, I can apply my blower or exhauster to the propulsion of any gas as
well as to air.
The cylindrical vessel may be rotated by power or by hand, by belt or gear or crank
in any well known manner.
Dated this 21st Ja
A
1000
CLERK & MARKS,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Blowers and Exhausters.
1, WILLIAM ALEXANDER CARLILE of 238 Albert Road, Aston Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
My invention is intended to obviate difficulties which at present exist in connection
with the action of blowers or exhausters, as applied for the purpose of moving volumes
of air or other gases. In one class of such machines the action is not positive and
in the case of fans high velocities are required to give even fairly good results; on
the other hand when the arrangements are positive as in the case of pumps or even
rotatory piston blowers the moving parts are considerable in number and cause great
friction as well as being of necessarily expensive construction. The valve arrangements
also frequently give trouble, and require a great deal of attention to keep them in
working order. The principal object of my invention is to secure increased efficiency
and positive action in blowers or exhausters while I greatly simplify their construction
and reduce the working parts and dispense with valves entirely.
In one mode of carrying my invention into effect I construct a cylindrical vessel

page_text: of metal or other material closed at both ends and having two or more suitably
arranged disc partitions within it separating the vessel into cylindrical portions. The
contral portions are divided by longitudinal partitions into equal or nearly equal parts.
The whole vessel revolves on a horizontal axis formed in one arrangement by end
tubes or trunnions, mounted in a suitable frame and passing through stuffing glands
attached to the exterior ends of the cylinder or by a projecting boss or collar forming
the bearing or axis as it were in itself. These tubes turn upwards within the two
extreme cylindrical divisions of the cylinder and serve as inlet and exit passages for
the air or other gas to be inoved.
The longitudinal partition may be divided or pierced in the direction of its length
in the middle, and on each side of it, in the separating discs are placed ports com-
municating with the extreme cylindrical divisions. To set the blower in action water
or other suitable liquid is put into it, sufficient in quantity to fill it above the centre
and to entirely cover any central apertures which pierce the longitudinal partition.
The ports in the separating discs bounding the central portion of the vessel are so
arranged that the space on each side communicates with one air space only at any one
time.
There are four ports in all two communicating with each half of the central
portion of the vessel and the end portions, and so placed that one port of each half
is under water in any given position so that one port only of each half is in com-
munication with the ends.
When the vessel is rotated the level of the fluid remains approximately horizontal
and consequently the space between one side of the part of the longitudinal partition
which is out of the water is contracted, and the air contained within it is expelled
by the discharge port into the pressure end of the vessel.
At the same time the space between the other side of the partition and the water
is increasing, and air is drawn into that side from the inlet end of the vessel by the
inlet port. In this manner air is continually drawn into one end of the rotating
vessel and continuously expelled at the other, and the volume taken in and expelled
is determined absolutely by the capacity of the cylinder divided by the longitudinal
partition.
Instead of piercing the longitudinal partition I sometimes form a tube along its
axis communicating with the two extreme divisions so that the water circulates from
end to end to compensate for the necessary displacement caused by the movement of
the partition or blades.
Whether pierced or formed with a tube the area must be sufficient to allow of free
flow of water or other liquid in order to avoid resistance from this cause.
Sometimes I divide the interior of the vessel by more than one longitudinal
partition and form four or six blades instead of two, and if I desire it I may arrange
for any odd number of blades or chambers. 1 also by another arrangement construct
the internal portion with a tube having a contracted end, or having an end whose
area I can regulate so as to prevent the full return of the liquid through the blower
when working against a pressure or in other cases I omit the tube altogether allowing
the liquid to travel back through the ports alone.
When high speeds are required I construct the partitions or blades in screw,
inclined or curved form so that they may enter the water gently without shock and
I make the air and water ports specially large. The twist may be given in the
direction of the length of the partition, or it may be bent back from the direction of
motion so that it enters the water gently and without disturbance.
I prefer to use the inlet and discharge tubes as the axis upon which the vessel
rotates; but I may cause the air to enter and be discharged in other ways without
departing from the essential features of my invention.
I may dispense with stuffing glands for example and rotate the vessel enclosed
within an outer vessel half filled with water introducing and discharging air by
means of pipes passing through a water seal.
"By selecting a suitable material for the construction of the cylindrical vessel and a

page_text: suitable liquid, I can apply my blower or exhauster to the propulsion of any gas as
well as to air.
The cylindrical vessel may be rotated by power or by hand, by belt or gear or
crank in any well known manner.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I hereunto append a sheet of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter referred to.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of that modification which I have last, described
intended for high speed.
Figure 2 is an end section. In it packing glands are dispensed with and a
rotating cylinder A, is mounted on a shaft B, carried in suitable bearings C, C',
attached to a vessel D, in which the cylinder rotates partly immersed in water or
other liquid.
In this modification the longitudinal partition is formed of two screw or twisted
blades E, E, each of which makes at least one complete turn from end to end of the
rotating cylinder.
The ends of the cylinder are closed and have suitable ports cut in them as shown
at figures 3 and 4. These ports or openings serve to admit to and discharge air
from the cylinder in the direction of the arrows. The end portion of the cylinder
marked F revolves in a nicely turned ring G practically pressure tight and the
pulley His rotated by belt to put the blower into action. When thus rotated the
air enters at a as shown by the arrows passes along the screw passage above
the surface of the water and is discharged at 6 in the chamber I, whence it passes to
its work by the aperture K, suitably connected by pipes to the position where blast is
required. The water also travels along the screw passage between the blades, and
is returned to the other end as shown by the arrows in the liquid.
Figure 2 shows a transverse section through v. w and x. y. Figure 3 is an end
view of the cylinder showing the terminating lines of the screw partitions E, E, and
the ports admitting to them c, d. These ports are cut in the end plate. Figure 4
shows the discharge end of the cylinder with similar discharge ports e. f. Figure >>
is a longitudinal section of that modification of my invention in which a flat
longitudinal partition is employed as first described. The action and construction are
as follow:-
The rotating cylinder L is mounted on trunnions g, g², and rotates upon them, the
ends of the cylinder being closed, and pipes h, h¹, pass through the trunnions suitably
packed.
Transverse partitions M, N, divide the cylinder, and a longitudinal partition O passes
between the two transverse partitions M, N. This is shown in section at Figure 6.
The partition O is divided at P, and water is placed in the cylinder to cover the
division or slit at about the level shown in figures 5 and 6. Ports are placed in the
transverse partitions M and N on each side of the longitudinal partition, two ports
in M, and two in N. All four are shown at Figure 6, those of M being in full lines
and those of N in dotted lines. When the cylinder is rotated in the direction of the
arrows air is being discharged through the port K, into the division Q, and thence to
the pipe, while air is being admitted at the port from the division S supplied
from the atmosphere through the pipe h.
Two ports only are in action at one time, one port discharging air from one
longitudinal division of the cylinder, and the other admitting air to the other
longitudinal division. The water in the cylinder flows. freely by the ports and
division or slit P, so that it keeps approximately level. This modification of my
blower or exhauster is suitable for low speeds, while that with the screw division is
suitable for high speeds.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The use of a fan or blower in which the air is admitted and discharged froin a

page_text: rotating cylinder containing liquid having partitions and ports, without the use of
valves or pistons substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
2. The use of a fan or blower having a screw or spiral longitudinal partition as E, E',
Figure 1 substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.