IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Puls, of Soho Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC
BATTERIES."
Sealed the 23rd September 1856, and dated the 29th March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Puls at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1856.
I, FRANCIS PULS, of Soho Square, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GALVANIC BATTERIES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has for its object to effect a saving in the cost of
working galvanic batteries, and obtain an equal amount of galvanic intensity
to that produced by those at present in use, consists in employing, in place of
the ordinary galvanic plates of zinc and irou, materials of a cheaper description,
such as carbon in conjunction with cast or wrought iron, in which case the cast
or wrought iron forms the positive substance, and black pottery or graphite
the negative or carbon pole. Single, double, or treble fluid batteries may be
constructed on this principle, employing the black pottery, graphite, or other
carbon, as above described, in conjunction with the usual exciting agents, such
as diluted sulphuric acid, muriatic or hydrochloric acids. I claim the galvanic
combination of the carbon and iron, as above described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francis Puls in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
September 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
PULS, of Soho Square, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Francis Puls, Her special licence that I, the said Francis Puls, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francis
Puls, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GALVANIC BATTERIES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Francis Puls, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Puls, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say):-
My Invention, which has for its object to effect a saving in the cost of
working galvanic batteries, and obtain an equal amount of galvanic electricity
to that produced by those at present in use, consists in employing, in place of
the zinc or otherwise, commonly employed for galvanic batteries, materials of
a cheaper description, such as iron (cast or wrought) in conjunction with carbon;
in which case the cast or wrought iron forms the positive pole, and black
pottery or graphite, or any other description of carbon' or 'coal, the negative
pole. Single, double, or treble fluid batteries may be constructed on this
principle, employing the black pottery, graphite, or other carbon, 'as above
described, in conjunction with the usual exciting agents, such as diluted sul-

page_text: phuric acid, muriatic or hydrochloric, or other inorganic or organic acids, or
solutions of one or more metallic salts.
Having now fully described the nature. of this my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I would have it clearly under-
stood that I do not by any means intend to confine myself to the precise details
herein-before set forth and described, as the same might be varied without
departing from the general principle of these my said improvements; but that
which I do claim as new and of my said Invention is, the combination and
employment of carbon and iron, together with the usual exciting agents in
galvanic batteries, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before set forth
and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Puls, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
F. R. DARKIN CAMPBELL,
Clerk to Mess" Weatherdon & Co.,
77, Chancery Lane.
FRANCIS PULS. (L.S.)