Improved Method and Means for Increasing the Circulation of the Water in Steam Boilers.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improved Method and Means for Increasing the Circulation of the
Water in Steam Boilers.
I, MARTIN HERMANN VOIGT, of 39, Lindenaststrasse, Nuremberg, in the Empire
of Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
It is a well known fact that by a vigorous circulation of water in steam
boilers their effectiveness and economy in working may be considerably increased.
This invention has for its object an improved method and means for increas-
ing the circulation of the water in steam boilers and is based on a principle,
the characteristics of which will be hereinafter more particularly explained.
If steam be not allowed to flow freely through the whole mass of water in a
boiler but be to a certain extent confined by partitions arranged close to the
heating surface, thereby creating separate warm and cold layers or levels of
water, (Perkins in 1861 was the first to adopt this idea) an appreciable water
circulation may be obtained.
According to the present invention this circulation is increased by the steam
being more strongly throttled or confined whereby at the same time a second
important action is added.
The improved method consists (similarly to the case of an injector which as
is well known allows the feed water to emerge into the water chamber), in
affording a diminished section of outlet to the escaping steam. The unequally
great steam velocity arising in the case of injectors produces a greater degree
of pressure on encountering the water to be injected so that an injector can force
water into the water space against an equal and in some cases a higher pressure,
than that at which it receives its steam.
These two points-viz. an increased throttling of the steam by a reduced
outlet from a specially formed subsidiary steam chamber combined with the
re-entry into the water space of the boiler of the steam bubbles which rise from
the major part of the heating surface and accumulate in the subsidiary steam
chamber, and also the rapid speed of the escape of the steam from said chamber
resulting therefrom, cause a large quantity of water to be carried with the steam.
As a consequence of thus forcing the working steam again through the mass
of water, the volume of steam contained in the subsidiary steam chamber repre-
sents a rate of working which becomes greater as the level of water on the
outside of the partition becomes higher, as then the difference between the steam
and water levels rapidly increases.
The improved method based on these prinicples may be carried into effect
by various means according to the type of boiler adopted. Some forms of
construction will now be described to illustrate how the invention may be
carried into effect. The steam to be accumulated in the subsidiary steam chamber
which is an inverted vessel wholly or partly submerged in the water in the boiler
is conveyed or guided from the lower or hottest part of the boiler by a partition
to the said chamber. The steam accumulating in said chamber displaces the
water therein so that the level of the water in the chamber is depressed to the

page_text: under edge of the chamber and the steam then escapes under same or through
an opening formed between said edge and the partition or in the latter im-
parting its speed to the water below it and then rising dried to the main steam
space.
In attaching the arrangement to a tubular boiler, the separate rows of tubes
may have separate partitions and deflecting plates in order to impart by the small
section afforded to the circulating water a greater speed of circulation.
In a single or double flue boiler the subsidiary chamber may be placed over
the flue and a little above same, and may have one side prolonged downwards
near the side of the flue, thus forming a restricted passage for the circulation
of the water up and over the wall of the flue.
Water tube boilers may have the subsidiary chamber placed in the cupper
boiler over the steam and upwardly circulating stream of water from the tubes,
a partition or prolongation of the said chamber being provided. to guide and
restrict the passage of the water.
T
In marine boilers the arrangement is the same as in a tubular boiler. The
mode of working is evident without further explanation from the foregoing:
The circulating water does not require to be lifted and the loss of speed is con-
sequently small.
.
Dated this 9th day of Vorch 1000
'
: [
wind
Improved Method and Means for Increasing the Circulation of the
Water in Steam Boilers.
I, MARTIN HERMANN VOIGT, of 39, Lindenaststrasse, Nuremberg, in the Empire
of Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It is a well known fact that by a vigorous circulation of water in steam
boilers their effectiveness and economy in working may be considerably increased.
This invention has for its object an improved method and means for increas-
ing the circulation of the water in steam boilers and is based on a
the characteristics of which will be hereinafter more particularly explained.
principle,
If steam be not allowed to flow freely through the whole mass of water in a
boiler but be to a certain extent confined by partitions arranged close to the
heating surface, thereby creating separate warm and cold layers or levels of
water, (Perkins in 1861 was the first to adopt this idea) an appreciable, water
circulation may be obtained.
*
According to the present invention this circulation is increased by the steam'
being more strongly throttled or confined whereby at the same time, a second
important action is added.
in
The improved method consists (similarly to the case of an injector which as
is well known allows the feed water to emerge into the water chamber),
affording a diminished section of outlet to the escaping steam. The unequally
great steam velocity arising in the case of injectors produces a greater degree
of pressure on encountering the water to be injected so that an injector can force
water into the water space against an equal and in some cases a higher pressure,
that that at which it receives its steam.
i
These two points, viz. an increased throttling of the steam by a reduced
outlet from a specially formed subsidiary steam chamber combined with the
1

page_text: re-entry into the water space of the boiler of the steam bubbles which rise from
the major part of the heating surface and accumulate in the subsidiary steam
chamber, and also the rapid speed of the escape of the steam from said chamber
resulting therefrom, cause a large quantity of water to be carried with the steam.
As a consequence of thus forcing the working steam again through the mass
of water, the volume of steam contained in the subsidiary steam chamber repre-
sents a rate of working which becomes greater as the level of water on the
outside of the partition becomes higher, as then the difference between the steam
and water levels rapidly increases.
The improved method based on these principles may be carried into effect
by various means according to the type of boiler adopted. Some forms of
construction will now be described with reference to Figures 1-5 of the ac-
companying drawings to illustrate how the invention may be carried into effect.
Figure 1 shows a steam boiler in which the steam to be accumulated in the
subsidiary steam chamber a which is an inverted vessel wholly or partly sub-
merged in the water in the boiler is conveyed or guided from the lower or hottest
part of the boiler by a partition to the said chamber. The steam accumulating
in said chamber displaces the water therein so that the level of the water in
the chamber is depressed to the under edge c of the chamber a and the steam
then escapes under same or through an opening formed between said edge and
the partition or in the latter imparting its speed to the water below it and then
rising dried to the main steam space.
In attaching the arrangement to a tubular boiler, the separate rows of tubes
may have separate partitions and deflecting plates in order to impart by the
small section afforded to the circulating water a greater speed of circulation.
In a single or double flue boiler Figures 2 and 3, the subsidiary chambers a a
may be placed over the flues and a little above same, and may have one. side b
prolonged downwards near the side of the flue, thus forming a restricted passage
for the circulation of the water up and over the wall of the flue.
Water tube boilers, Figures 4 and 5, may have the subsidiary chambers a a¹
placed in the upper boiler over the steam and upwardly circulating stream of
water from the tubes, a partition or prolongation 6 of the said chambers being
provided to guide and restrict the passage of the water.
In marine boilers the arrangement is the same as in a tubular boiler. The
mode of working is evident without further explanation from the foregoing.
The circulating water does not require to be lifted and the loss of speed is conse-
quently small.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention. and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The method of increasing the circulation of water in steam boilers con-
sisting in forcing afresh into the water space of the boiler the volume of steam
produced under a subsidiary steam chamber, having a water seal substan-
tially as herein before set forth.
2. In steam boilers, the construction and arrangement of subsidiary steam
chambers with water seals substantially as herein before described and illus-
trated for the purpose of increasing the circulation of the water.
Dated this oil
J
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.