Improvements in Machines for Cutting or Shaping, Countersinking, and like Operations.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 30th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 1st Feb.. 18.97
Improvements in Machines for Cutting or Shaping, Countersinking,
and like Operations.
I, PIERRE PHILIPPE HURE of No. 218 Rue de Lafayette Paris in the
Republic of France, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to machines having a single shaft capable of being inclined
in any direction all the carriages being adapted to slide automatically, and means
being provided for obtaining a helical or winding motion.
The head of the machine which carries the cutter-shaft has a circular surface
tapering at an angle of 45° in relation to the axis of the shaft and is pivotted to
an intermediate piece having circular faces also inclined at an angle of 45° to
each other; this intermediate piece being adapted to apply to or fit a vertical
Burface of the machine frame.
The result of this arrangement is that when the several parts are so disposed
that the two angles of 45° each are added to each other, the cutter shaft will be
perpendicular or at right angles to the surface of the frame, that is to say, it will
assume a horizontal position in which it is capable of revolving around the driving
shaft and of being moved (while always remaining horizontal) to any situation that
may be desired along the generating line of a cylinder.
If, however, the several circular slides be so arranged that the angles reduce
each other, the cutter-shaft will occupy a position parallel to the vertical surface
of the machine frame in which case, if it revolve about the driving shaft it will be
able to occupy in a vertical plane any desired situation corresponding to the radii
of a circle.
Or a third arrangement may be adopted wherein the cutter shaft is caused to
turn about the axis of the circular surface of the machine head, in which case the
said cutter-shaft will be capable of assuming any situation along the generating
line of a cone.
Provision for all these different movements can be made without displacing or
disconnecting any part of the machine, all that is necessary being, to tighten or
loosen screw nuts; whereby, as will be understood, a considerable saving of time is
effected in the operation or adjustment of the parts, which parts, themselves, will
be protected from destruction or wear. For guiding the operator while he is
moving the shaft to the different positions, graduated scales are marked upon the
flanges of the circular sliding carriers.
Motion is transmitted from the driving-shaft to the cutter-shaft through the
medium of two sets of bevel wheels, in a line with the axis of rotation of the
circular slides and in gear with each other, irrespective of the position of
the parts which form the head of the machine.
By combining the various arrangements of the circular slides, the tool-holding
shaft may be moved to any position that may be required for the performance of
any particular description of work.
It will, therefore, be seen that this improved machine enables cutting or shaping
and counter sinking or like work to be performed both vertically and horizontally
and in addition to this, by inclining its shaft in the vertical plane, it may be made

page_text: other angled pieces.
The cutter spindle being horizontal may be placed parallel to the axis of the
table or bench, so as to be useful for perforating "blanks" or turning true the
inner walls of perforations, by enabling a much longer "stroke" to be taken
advantage of, than can be done in ordinary machines, where, for such work as
this a transverse movement can only be utilised which necessarily is far more
limited than the longitudinal "stroke" of the bench or platform according to my
arrangeinent.
When the shaft has been inclined in the horizontal plane, the cutter may be
placed in a position tangential to any helix in cutting tools, drills, and worm wheels.
The improved machine furthermore comprises a novel combination of means for
producing automatic movements and releases; such combination consisting of
parts or devices which are so connected into sets or groups as to produce a novel
result having the following advantages.
All the means of automatic motion employed are entirely closed in and concealed
from view, while their arrangement is such as to convey motion to each of the
sliding carriages, which motion may be arrested either automatically or by hand.
Each of the carriages is operated from a single lever, bearing marks which
indicate the various movements which may be required.
The whole combination of these arrangements constitutes a very complete
cutting or shaping machine enabling work of every description to be readily
performed without the necessity of any expensive and cumbersome accessory
devices.
The following is a description of all these arrangements :-
The carriage of the machine, supported by a bracket consists of two parts, viz.,
the lower part which is moveable on guides parallel to the main shaft of the
machine, and the upper part capable of longitudinal displacement at right angles
to the main shaft being adapted to slide upon the first mentioned lower part.
The upper surface of this carriage which constitutes the table, bench or
platform, to which the "blank" to be cut or worked is secured, is adapted to
receive any one of the three following automatic movements :
A longitudinal feeding movement;
A transverse feeding movement,
A vertical feeding movement.
These movements may be performed in either direction at will, and each is
limited by an automatic disconnecting or releasing device which comes into play
at the termination of each stroke.
These results are obtained by means of the following mechanism.
The lower portion of the frame has a horizontal shaft passing through it, one
end of which shaft carries a pulley adapted to turn at varying degrees of speed,
while the opposite end of the said shaft carries an endless screw or worm. This screw
or werin engages with a worm-wheel which by its situation, is compelled invariably
to remain in the horizontal plane and to transmit its rotary motion to a vertical
shaft through the medium of a key entering a longitudinal groove.
Owing to this arrangement the said vertical shaft is enabled to follow the
ascending and descending movements of the bracket without discontinuing to
receive motion from the worm-wheel. The vertical shaft terminates at the top in
a bevel pinion adapted to engage with either the one or the other of two pinions
integral with a sleeve connected by means of a groove- and tongue joint with a
horizontal shaft so that it may be freely moved thereon in the longitudinal
direction while it is at the same time compelled to take part in the rotary motion
of the said shaft. The sleeve is operated by meaus of a lever wedged or secured
to a shaft, repelling springs tending to retain the said lever in the vertical position
when it is released; and whenever this lever occupies such vertical position neither
of the bevel piuions is in gear with the pinion on the vertical shaft the consequence
being that the horizontal shaft is for the time being out of gear.

page_text: rying
sard lever passes through one of the cheeks of the bracket
and is fitted at its extremity with a crank handle the upper portion of which
carries a sector or segment provided with two notches and with either one or the
other of these notches (as the case may be) a tooth is adapted to engage which
tooth projects from the short arm of a pivotted hand lever which is permanently
pressed against the segment by a spring. Its longer arm is provided with a small
cam presenting two surfaces inclined in opposite directions and placed in the path
or course of two tappets secured to the lower carriage. Whenever these tappets
meet the said cam (which happens at the termination of each transverse stroke of
the carriage) they move up one of the inclines and thereby depress the longer arm
of the hand lever and overcome the resistance of the spring, the result being that
the tooth becomes disengages from the notch of the segment and enables the lever
which operates the sleeve to return to the vertical position under the action of the
coiled springs. Or the release of the said segment may otherwise be brought about,
as follows. The end of the short arm of the hand lever terminates in a T-shaped
piece the cross piece of which rests upon another piece of the same shape firmly
secured to the end of a shaft or spindle which in its turn terminates in a finger.
This finger is so disposed that by reason of the upward and downward movements
of the bracket, it must meet on its way with either one or the other of two tappets
adjustably secured to the edge of the machine frame. Normally, the pressure
(produced by a spring) of the cross piece upon the piece on which it rests suffices
to retain the finger in the horizontal position, but whenever such finger encounters
either of the tappets, the shaft turns round on its own axis and takes round with
it the piece on which the cross piece rests, one arm of which accordingly raises the
arm of the hand lever thereby releasing the segment and the crank handle and the
lever which operates the sleeve.
To the end of the horizontal shaft there is rigidly secured a tooth wheel beside
which is loosely mounted a lever one end of which terminates in a handle, while its
opposite end carries a pivot upon which the companion or "satellite" tooth wheel,
which permanently engages with the toothed wheel. The pivot of this "satellite"
wheel, is adapted to be displaced or adjusted within a circular slide groove provided
in a stationary plate.
It is provided at one end with a tightening screw-nut, which enables it to be
firmly secured at any point of the circular groove at which it may be desired that
it should be situated. Owing to this arrangement, it is only necessary to move the
handle either upwards or downwards and, by tightening the nut, cause the
companion wheel to engage with any one of three gear wheels and thus to transmit
the rotary motion of the horizontal shaft to that wheel and the rest. If desired,
bowever, the said companion or "satellite" wheel may be made to occupy such a
position as to preclude it from getting into gear with any one of the three wheels
aforesaid, in which case, the said horizontal shaft will turn without engaging, or
taking round with it, any of those wheels.
The said three gear wheels, which receive continuous rotary motion from the
horizontal shaft either in one direction or the other, are the means whereby the
table or bench carrying the piece to be cut has the three feeding movements above
referred to, (the transverse movement, the longitudinal movement and the vertical
movement)-imparted to it.
One of the three gear wheels serves to produce the transverse feeding motion,
being for this purpose firmly secured to the end of a screw-threaded shaft, capable
of being screwed into a tappet bearing fixed to the carriage. As this screw-threaded
shaft is only capable of turning about its own axis, while it cannot move along its
axis, its rotary motion causes the carriage to move either in one or the other
direction, the said carriage being properly guided in its motion by its dove-tailed
slide grooves.
Another of the said three gear wheels serves to impart longitudinal feeding
motion to the top part of the carriage. It is rigidly secured to a shaft whereon
there slides a bevelled pinion-sleeve connected by means of a key-and-groove joint

page_text: so as to be capable of yielding to the transverse movement of the carriage. This
shaft, through the medium of a counter shaft and of three bevel pinions, imparts
rotary motion to a friction clutch revolving in a bearing, integral with, or forming
part of, the lower part of the carriage. Through the interior of such sleeve or
bearing there passes loosely a concentric screw-threaded shaft supported at both
its ends by the upper portion of the carriage and capable of being screwed into a
tapped bearing secured to the said lower part of the carriage.
Upon this shaft, a friction clutch is adapted to slide, and this clutch, though not
tapped, is made capable of carrying the screwed shaft aroun 1 with it, by means of
a pin or stud entering a groove which extends throughout the whole length of the
said shaft, along its generating line. The clutch may be thrown into or out of
gear by means of a forked lever made fast upon the shaft operated from outside by
means of a balancing lever or pendulum arrangement operated by hand either in
one or the other direction. This balancing lever is provided with au arm which,
at the termination of each stroke of the top part of the carriage, encounters one
of two adjustable tappets attached to the said carriage. When the respective parts
thus come into contact, the balancing lever or pendulum is forced to swing round
its own shaft and thereby to throw the two clutches out of gear.
The remaining of the three gear wheels is wedged or firmly secured to the end
of a shaft, which causes a screw-threaded shaft to revolve either in one or in
the other direction, as required, through the medium of bevel gearing, the said
shaft belonging to a screw-jack whereby the bracket and the carriage may be
raised or lowered.
The operation of the mechanism described is as follows.
The driving shaft receives motion from the main shaft of the machine through
the medium of a strap passing over the two pulleys, whereby the proper relation
of velocities may be provided for and properly controlled. The motion is conveyed
to the vertical shaft which may, if required rise or descend together with the
bracket and which is adapted to set the horizontal shaft in rotary motion either in
one direction or the other according as the bevel pinion engages with one or the
other of the bevel pinions on the sleeve on the horizontal shaft.
As before stated the rotation of the said shaft has for its effect to impart to the
table or bench carrying the blank to be cut or shaped any one of the following
three kinds of feeding motion:
(1.) TRANSVERSE FEEDING MOTION.
In order to impart this sort of motion to the carriage it is only necessary to depress
the handle and thereby to throw into gear one of the three gear wheels with its
companion. In setting in motion the machine, after throwing one of the bevel
pinions on the sleeve into gear with the pinion on the vertical shaft the screwed
shaft will be found as a result to turn about its own axis and displace the tapped
bearing and carriage until one of the tappets meets the cam and thus throws the
borizontal shaft out of gear as has been above explained. This shaft then instantly
leaves off turning and the motion of the carriage is arrested. The carriage may
be drawn back either by hand through the medium of a handie fitted to the
square which terminates the screwed shaft or automatically by reversing the
direction of the motion of the horizontal shaft by the aid of the lever.
(2.) LONGITUDINAL FEEDING MOTION.
To bring about this motion the companion wheel of the three bevel wheels is
thrown into gear with another of the said three wheels, and the friction clutch is
engaged after which the machine is set going. The motion is conveyed to the
operative parts as before explained, the screwed shaft being actuated and being
unable to shift the stationary tapped bearing is compelled to perform a longitudinal
movement in the direction of its own axis, a movement in which the upper part of

page_text: the carriage must of necessity participate. When either of the tappets encounters
the arm of the swinging or pendulum lever the clutches are thrown out of gear in the
manner described above, with the result stated, viz., that the screwed shaft
stops revolving and the carriage discontinues advancing. The withdrawal or
return movement is effected either by hand by turning the screwed shaft with the
assistance of a crank handle fitted to the square in which the said shaft terminates;
or automatically by reversing the direction of notion of the horizontal shaft by
means of the lever and by throwing the clutches into gear again through the
operation of the pendulum lever by han 1.
(3.) VERTICAL FEEDING MOTION.
In order to produce motion of this description the handle is fully raised so that
the companion wheel is now thrown into gear with the third gear wheel while the
pinion on the vertical shaft engages with either one or the other of the pinion on
the horizontal shaft according as the bracket is required to rise or descend.
In setting the machine into operation rotary motion is first imparted to the
shaft which acts on the screw jack and hence conveyed to the threaded shaft of
the screw-jack which serves to raise or lower the bracket. When at the
termination of the stroke, the finger meets either of the tappets, the shaft will
turn and in so doing raise the arm of the hand lever with the result indicated
above, viz., that the horizontal shaft will stop revolving and the bracket will no
longer perform any movement either upwards or downwards.
The return movement is effected either by hand, with the assistance of a crank
handle fitted to the square which terminates the shaft which operates the screw
jack, or automatically by throwing the horizontal shaft back into gear by means
of the lever but so as to cause it to move in the reverse direction.
In order to cut helical grooves the head stock of an ordinary lathe may be
secured on to the bench or platform in such a position as to receive motion from
the screwed shaft through the medium of gear wheels mounted on an upwardly
projecting spindle or rod. In this case the cutter-carrying shaft is turned to a
position parallel to its tangent of the helix to be cut.
The releasing tappets are secured within grooves which may be utilised for the
provision of micrometical pegs or stops.
Dated this 1st day of February 1896
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Machines for Cutting or Shaping, Countersinking,
and like Operations.
1, PIERRE PHILIPPE HURE of 218 Rue de Lafayette, Paris in the Republic
of France Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to machines having a single shaft capable of being
inclined in any direction all the carriages being adapted to slide automatically and
means being provided for obtaining a helical or winding motion.
I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machine constructed according to this
invention.

page_text: Figure 4 is a horizontal section on line A B, Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a vertical section on line C. D Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a side elevation of the table or platform mechanism, and
Figure 7 is an external side elevation of the machine head, the cutter-supporting
-shaft assuming a vertical position.
Figures 8 and 9 shew in side and front elevation respectively the said machine
in a modified form adapted for heavy work and,
Figure 10 shews in side elevation the head of a machine of this type the cutter
supporting shaft occupying a vertical position.
Referring first to Figures 1 to 7 the head 1 of the machine, which carries the
cutter shaft has a circular surface tapering at an angle of 45° in relation to the
axis of the shaft and is pivotted to an intermediate piece 2 having circular faces
also inclined at an angle of 45° to each other, this intermediate piece being
adapted to be applied to or fit a vertical surface 3 of the machine frame.
The result of this arrangement is that when the several parts are so disposed
that the two angles of 45° each are added to each other the cutter shaft 4 will be
perpendicular or at right angles to the surface of the frame, as shewn in
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5, that is to say, it will assume a horizontal position in which
it is capable of revolving around the driving shaft and of being moved (while
always remaining horizontal) to any situation that may be desired along the
generating line of a cylinder.
If, however, the several circular slides be so arranged that the angles of 45°
reduce each other the cutter shaft will occupy a position parallel to the vertical
surface 3 of the machine frame, as illustrated in Figure 7; in which case, if it
revolve about the driving shaft, it will be able to occupy, in a vertical plane, any
desired situation corresponding to the radii of a circle.
Or a third arrangement may be adopted, wherein the cutter-shaft and head 1.
(Fig. 7) is caused to turn on an axis y over the circular surface 2 of the machine
head 3; in which case the said cutter-shaft will be capable of assuming any
situation along the generating line of a cone, having ay for its axis.
Provision for all these different movements can be made without displacing or
disconnecting any part of the machine, all that is necessary being, to tighten or
loosen screw nuts; whereby, as will be understood, a considerable saving of time
is effected in the operation or adjustment of the parts, which parts, themselves,
will be protected from destruction or wear. For guiding the operator while he is
moving the shaft to the different positions graduated scales are marked upon the
flanges of the circular sliding carriers.
Motion is transmitted from the driving-shaft to the cutter-shaft through the
medium of two sets of bevel wheels, such as 5, 6 and 7, in a line with the axis of
rotation of the circular slides and in gear with each other, irrespective of the
position of the parts which form the head of the machine.
By combining the various arrangements of the circular slides, the tool holding
shaft 4 may be moved to any position that may be required for the performance of
any particular description of work.
It will, therefore, be seen that this improved machine enables cutting or shaping
and counter sinking or like work to be performed both vertically and horizontally,
and in addition to this, by placing its shaft in a vertical plane, which passes through
the axis of the driving shaft and inclining it to the horizontal it may be made
serviceable for cutting or dressing the sloping sides of sliding carriages, wedges or
other angled pieces.
The cutter shaft or spindle being horizontal may be placed parallel to the axis
of the table or bench, so as to be useful for perforating "blanks" or turning true
the inner walls of perforations, by enabling a much longer "stroke" to be taken
advantage of than can be done in ordinary machines, where, for such work as this
a transverse movement can only be utilized which necessarily is far more limited

page_text: than the longitudinal "stroke
arrangement.
ot the bench or platform according to my:
The cutter shaft may be also placed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the
carriage carrying the piece to be cut so that the cutter assumes a position tangential
to any helix such as is suitable for cutting tools twist drills, worm wheels, aud:
the like.
The improved machine furthermore comprises a novel combination of means for
producing automatic movements and releases, such combination consisting of parts
or devices, which are so connected into sets or groups, as to produce a novel result
having the following advantages.
All the means of automatic motion employed are entirely closed in and concealed
from view, while their arrangement is such as to convey motion to each of the
sliding carriages, which motion may be arrested either automatically or by hand.
Each of the carriages is operated from a single lever, bearing marks which
indicate the various movements which may be required.
The whole combination of these arrangements constitutes a very complete
cutting or shaping machine enabling work of every description to be readily
performed without the necessity of any expensive and cumbersome accessory
devices.
The following is a description of all these arrangements :-
The carriage of the machine, supported by a bracket 9, consists of two parts, viz.,
the lower part 10, which is moveable on guides parallel to the main shaft 11 of the
machine, and the upper part 8, capable of longitudinal displacement at right
angles to the main shaft 11, being adapted to slide upon the first mentioned lower
part 10:
The upper surface of this carriage, which constitutes the table, bench or
platform, to which the "blank" to be cut or worked is secured, is adapted to.
receive any one of the three following automatic movements.
A longitudinal feeding movement.
A transverse feeding movement.
A vertical feeding movenient.
These movements may be performed in either direction at will, and each is.
limited by an automatic disconnecting or releasing device which comes into play at
the termination of each stroke.
These results are obtained by means of the following mechanism.
The lower portion of the frame 12 has a horizontal shaft 13 passing through it,
ore end of which shaft carries a pulley 14 adapted to turn at varying degrees of
speed, while the opposite end of the said shaft carries an endless screw or worm 15.
This screw or worm engages with a worm-wheel 16, which by its situation is.
compelled invariably to remain in the horizontal plane and to transmit its rotary
motion to a vertical shaft 17 through the medium of a key entering a longitudinal
groove.
1
Owing to this arrangement the said vertical-shaft 17 is enabled to follow the
ascending and descending movements of the bracket 9 without discontinuing to
receive motion from the worm-wheel 16. The vertical shaft 17 terminates at the
top in a bevel pinion 18 adapted to engage with either the one or the other of two
pinions 19 and 20 integral with a sleeve 21 connected by means of a groove and
tongue joint with a horizontal shaft 22 so that it may be freely moved thereon in
the longitudinal direction, while it is at the same time compelled to take part in
the rotary motion of the said shaft. The sleeve 21 is operated by means of a
lever 23 wedged or secured to a shatt 24 repelling springs 25 25 tending to retain
the said lever in the vertical position (Figure 5) when it is released; and when--
ever this lever 23 occupies such vertical position neither of the bevel pinions 19.
or 20 is in gear with the pinion 18, the consequence being, that the shaft 22 is for
the time being out of gear.
The shaft 24 passes through one of the cheeks of the bracket 9 (Figures 4 and 6)
and is fitted at its extremity with a crank handle 26 the upper portion of which,

page_text: carries a sector or segment 27 provided with two notches and with either one or
the other of these notches (as the case may be) a tooth 28 is adapted to engage,
which tooth projects from the short arm 29 of a hand lever 29, 30 pivotted at 31
which is permanently pressed against the segment 27 by a spring 32. Its longer
arm 30 is provided with a small cam 33 presenting two surfaces inclined in opposite
directions and placed in the path or course of two tappets 34 35 secured to the
lower carriage 10. Whenever these tappets meet the said eam (which happens at
the termination of each transverse stroke of the carriage) they move up one of the
inclines and thereby depress the longer arm 30 of the hand lever 29 30, and
overcome the resistance of the spring 32; the result being that the tooth 28
becomes disengaged from the notch of the segment 27 and enables the lever 23 to
return to the vertical position under the action of the coiled springs 25, 25.
Or the release of the said segment may otherwise be brought about, as
follows:-
The end of the short arm 29 of the lever 29, 30 terminates in a T shaped piece,
the cross piece 36 of which rests upon another piece of the same shape 37, firmly
secured to the end of a shaft or spindle 38, which in its turn terminates in a
finger 39. This anger is so disposed that by reason of the upward and downward
movements of the bracket 9, it must meet on its way with either one or the other
of two tappets 40 and 41 adjustably secured to the edge of the machine frame 12.
Normally the pressure (produced by the spring 32) of the cross piece 36 upon the
piece 37 suffices to retain the finger 39 in the horizontal position, but whenever
such finger encounters either of the tappets 40 or 41 the shaft 38 turns round on its
own axis and takes round with it the piece 37 one arm of which accordingly raises
the arm 29 of the lever 29, 30 thereby releasing the segment 27 and the levers 23
and 26.
To the end of the shaft 22 there is rigidly secured a tooth wheel 42 beside which
is loosely mounted a lever 43 one end of which terminates in a handle 44 while its
opposite end carries a pivot upon which turns a companion or "satellite" tooth
wheel 45, which permanently engages with the toothed wheel 42. The pivot of
this "satellite" wheel 45, is adapted to be displaced or adjusted within a circular
slide-groove provided in a stationary plate 46 (Fig. 3).
It is provided at one end with a tightening screw-nut, which enables it to be
firmly secured at any point of the circular groove at which it may be desired that
it should be situated. Owing to this arrangement, it is only necessary to move the
handle 44, either upwards or downwards and by tightening the nut, cause the
companion wheel 45 to engage with any one of three gear wheels 47, 48 and 49
(Figure 3) and thus to transmit the rotary motion of the shaft 22 to that wheel
and the rest. If desired however the said companion or "satellite" wheel 45 may
be made to occupy such a position as to preclude it from getting into gear with
any one of the three wheels aforesaid; in which case the said shaft 22 will turn
without engaging, or taking round with it, any of those wheels.
The said three gear wheels 47, 48 and 49 which receive continuous rotary motion
from the shaft 22, either in one direction or the other, are the means whereby the
table or bench 8 carrying the piece to be cut has the three feeding movements
above referred to, (the transverse movement, the longitudinal movement and the
vertical movement,) imparted to it.
The gear wheel 47 serves to produce the transverse feeding motion, being
for this purpose firmly secured to the end of a screw-threaded shaft 50 (Figure 5.)
capable of being screwed into a tapped bearing fixed to the carriage 10. As
the shaft 50 is only capable of turning about its own axis, while it cannot move
along its axis its rotary motion causes the carriage 10 to move either in one or
the other direction, the said earringe being properly guided in its motion by its
dove-tailed slide grooves.
The second gear wheel 48 serves to impart longitudinal feeding motion to
the top part 8 of the carriage. It is rigidly secured to a shaft 51 (Figures 1
and 4) whereon there slides a bevelled pinion-sleeve 52 connected by means of a

page_text: key-and-groove joint so as to be capable of yielding to the transverse movement
of the carriage 10. This shaft, through the medium of a counter-shaft 53 and of
three bevel pinions 54, 55, 56, imparts rotary motion to a friction clutch 57 revolving
in a bearing 58, integral with, or forming part of the lower part 10 of the carriage.
Through the interior of such sleeve or bearing there passes loosely a concentric
screw-threaded shaft 59 supported at both its ends by the upper portion 8 of the
carringe and capable of being screwed into a tapped bearing 60 secured to the said
lower part 10 of the carriage.
Upon this shaft, a friction clutch 61 is adapted to slide; and this clutch, though
not tapped, is made capable of carrying the shaft 59 around with it, by means of a
pin or stud entering a groove which extends throughout the whole length of the
said shaft, along its generating line. The clutches 61 and 57 may be thrown into
or out of gear by means of a forked lever made fast upon the shaft operated from
outside by means of a balancing lever or pendulum arrangement (Fig. 3) 62
operated by hand either in one or the other direction. This balancing lever is
provided with an arm 63 which, at the termination of each stroke of the top part 8
of the carriage, encounters one of the adjustable tappets 64 65 attached to the said
carriage. When the respective parts thus come into contact, the balancing lever
or pendulum 62 is forced to swing round its own shaft and thereby to throw the
two clutches 61 and 57 out of gear.
The third gear wheel 49 is wedged or firmly secured to the end of a shaft 66
which causes a screw-threaded shaft 69 to revolve either in one or in the other
direction, as required, through the medium of bevel gearing such as 67 and 68, the
said shaft 69 belonging to a screw-jack whereby the bracket 9 and the carriage 10, 8
may be raised or lowered.
The operation of the mechanism described is as follows:-
The driving shaft 13 receives motion from the main shaft 11 of the machine
through the medium of a strap passing round the two pulleys 70 and 14 whereby
the proper relation of velocities may be provided for and properly controlled. The
motion is conveyed to the vertical shaft 17 which may, if required, rise or descend
together with the bracket 9 and which is adapted to set the shaft 22 in rotary
motion either in one direction or the other, according as the bevel pinion 18
engages with one or the other of the bevel pinions 19 and 20.
As before stated, the rotation of the shaft 22 has for its effect to impart to the
table or bench 8, carrying the blank to be cut or shaped, any one of the following
three kinds of feeding motion :-
(1.) TRANSVERSE FEEDING MOTION.
In order to impart this sort of motion to the carriage, it is only necessary to
depress the handle 44 and thereby to throw the gear wheel 47 into gear with its
companion 45. In setting in motion the machine, after throwing one of the bevel
pinions 19, 20 into gear with the pinion 18, the shaft 50 will be found, as a result,
to turn about its own axis and displace the tapped bearing and carriage until one
of the tappets 34, 35 (Figure 6) meets the cam 33 and thus throws the shaft 22
out of gear as has been already explained. This shaft, then, instantly leaves off
turning and the motion of the carriage is arrested. The carriage may be drawn
back either by hand, through the medium of a handle fitted to the square which
terminates the shaft 50, or automatically, by reversing the direction of the motion
of the shaft 22 by the aid of the lever 26.
(2.) LONGITUDINAL FEEDING MOTION.
To bring about this motion the companion wheel 45 is thrown into gear with
the gear wheel 48, and the friction clutch 61 is engaged with the clutch 57, after
which the machine is set going. The motion is conveyed to the operative parts as
aiready explained; the shafts 51 and 53 actuating the screwed shalt 59 which
B

page_text: (3.) VERTICAL FEEDING MOTION.
In order to produce motion of this description the handle 44 is fully raised so
that the companion wheel 45 is now thrown into gear with the gear wheel 49,
while the pinion 18 engages with either one or the other of the pinions 19 and 20,
according as the bracket 9 is required to rise or descend.
In setting the machine into operation, rotary motion is first imparted to the
shaft 66, and hence couveyed to the threaded shaft 69 of the screw-jack which
serves to raise or lower the bracket 9. When, at the termination of the stroke,
the finger 39 meets either of the tappets 40, 41, the shaft 38 will turn and in so
dcing raise the arm 29 of the hand lever 29, 30, with the result indicated
above, viz. that the shaft 22 will stop revolving, and the bracket 9 will no longer
perform any movement either upwards or downwards.
The return movement is effected either by hand, with the assistance of a crank
handle fitted to the square which terminates the shaft 66; or automatically by
throwing the said shaft 22 back into gear by means of the lever 26, but so as to
cause it to move in the reverse direction.
In order to cut helical grooves the head stock of an ordinary lathe may be
secured on to the bench or platform 8 in such a position as to receive motion from
the shaft 59 through the medium of gear wheels mounted on an upwardly pro-
jecting spindle or rod 71. In this case the cutter-carrying shaft 4 is turned to a
position parallel to its tangent of the helix to be cut.
The releasing tappets, such as 34 35, 64, 65, or 40, 41 are secured within grooves
which may be utilised for the provision of micrometical pegs or stops.
When it is desired to cut or otherwise work on heavy pieces or blanks
1 preferably employ the machine arranged as shewn in Figures 8 to 10.
In this arrangement the cross carriages 8 and 10 which in the machine I have
already described are placed on a bracket with a vertical slide, are arranged on a
strong foundation or bed plate 12 which supports the whole machine, so as to avoid
the excessive strains which a vertical motion would cause.
This arrangement also has the advantage of facilitating the mounting of pieces
or blanks which are always placed at the same height.
A vertical motion is applied to the head 1, 2, of the machine which is con-
structed in precisely the same manner as that I have already described, and is
fixed on a vertical carriage 3 sliding in a frame 12' mounted directly on the bed
plate or foundation 12. The movement of the cutter is transmitted in all its
positions by means of bevel pinions and shafts sliding in these pinions as has
already been described.
All the carriages are actuated by automatic movements with change of direction
and with means for stopping automatically and instantaneously or they may be
operated by hand.
When the carriages are operated by hand this is effected by means of cranks or
bandles or the like placed at the end of the foundation or bed plate or by other
cianks or handles or the like placed directly on the carriages to be operated.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my sail inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The improved machine for cutting or shaping countersinking and like-
operations substantially as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 7
of the accompanying drawings.
2. The improved machine for cutting or shaping countersinking and like
operations adapted for heavy work substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 8 to 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 30th day of October 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.