Improvements in Carriage and other Lamp Fittings.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Carriage and other Lamp Fittings.
WILLIAM TUCKER WEBBER, of Bishop Street South, Birmingham, in the county
of Warwick, Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the nozzle and its
adjacent parts of carriage and other similar lamps, (candle or oil), and part of which
invention is applicable also to the burning of similar candles in other lamps or stands,
and the object of my invention primarily is to provide means whereby the upper part
of the nozzle may be kept cool; the candle burnt more economically; the better
prevention of the overflow or spilling of grease, and also affording means whereby a
greater variation in the size of candles may be used than in somewhat similar
contrivances at present.
At or near the top of the nozzle of the lamp I provide a grease dish, wherein any
overflow grease from the candle may rest.
Outside the candle tube I provide an annular air space, extending from the upper
end of the nozzle, downwards into the ordinary air chamber at the bottom of the
lamp, or through it to the outside air near to the lamp socket by means of
perforations.
Where such perforations open out to the air, I may if desirable, provide a bell
mouth, so as to gather a current of air thereinto. At the upper end of this air
chamber I make perforations outwards into the body of the lamp, but close to the
grease dish, that is, above or below it, and some of which I may arrange close to the
wick; by which means the said parts are kept cool.
Further, across the upper part of the nozzle, I form one or more cross tubes,
straight, bent, or circular, which shall lie in the molten portion of the wax &c., and
which, as the wax &c. melts, allows the candle to rise, but which although being
near to the flame, does not get too hot, by reason of the current of air passing
therethrough.

page_text: For a cheaper form however, I may provide such cross pieces, solid, and not tubular;
or, a plain top may be perforated, but the former method I prefer.
Instead of the tubular cross tubes, I may provide such cooling air currents, by
forming an air chamber at the top of the nozzle itself, having perforations from the
annular air chamber thereinto, and other perforations therefrom near to the flame, or
by continuing such annular air..chamber over the top of the nozzle near to the wick
and making such outlet perforations where necessary.
T
This annular space and air passages about the nozzle are also equally applicable to
carriage lamps, where petroleum or other oils are burned, the great difficulty hitherto
having been, to keep the upper part of the oil reservoir and burner cool; but by
forming about its upper part an annular air space, and providing current communi-
cations with the exterior, after the manner before described, such parts are kept sufficientl
cool for the steady and safe burning of such lamps.
Dated this 1st day of June 1888.
CHARLES T. POWELL,
12, Cherry Street, Birmingham,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: I WILLIAM TUCKER WEBBER, of Bishop Street South, Birmingham, in the county
of Warwick, Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the nozzle and. its
adjacent parts, of carriage and other similiar candle lamps, and part of which invention
is applicable also to the burning of similar candles in other lamps or stands, and the
object of my invention is primarily, to provide means whereby cooling air currents
may be conveyed to the upper part of the nozzle in order that it may be kept cool, the
candle burnt more economically; the better prevention of the overflow or spilling of
grease, and also affording means whereby a greater variation in the size of candles
may be used, than in somewhat similar contrivances at present.
As will be seen hereinafter, this my invention admits of modification in detail
without departing from its nature.
The chief feature or features of any one or more of such modification, I may combine
with those of another modification, to form a combination of parts, which shall effect
this my purpose.
In some cases, at or near the top of the nozzle of the lamp, I provide a grease
dish, wherein any overflow grease from the candles may rest, having cooling
perforations.
Outside the candle tube, I provide an annular air space, extending from the upper
end of the nozzie, downwards into the ordinary air chamber at the bottom of the
lamp, or through it to the outside air near to the lamp socket, by means of perfora-
tions &c. Where such perforations open out to the air, I may if desirable, provide a
bell mouth, so as to gathior a current of air thereinto.
At the upper end of this air chamber, I make perforations outwards into the body
of the lamp, but close to the grease dish, that is, above or below it, and some of
which I may arrange close to the wick, by which means the said parts are kept
cool.
Further, across the upper part of the nozzle, I form one or more cross tubes,
straight, bent, or circular, which shall be in the molten portion of the wax &c., and
which, as the wax &c. melts, allows the candle to rise, but which, although being
near to the flame, does not-get- too hot, by reason of the current of air passing
therethrough.
Instead of the tubular cross tubes, I may provide such cooling air currents, by
forming an air chamber at the top of the nozzle itself, having communications
from the annular air chamber thereinto, and perforations therefrom near to the
flame.

page_text: carried out, having reference to the accompanying illustrative sheet of drawings, upon
which are figures and letters of reference, similar letters referring throughout the
several views to the same thing or part.
Fig. 1, shows in part sectional elevation, a general view of the position of the parts
hereinafter shown in detail, constituting a carriage lamp constructed according to this
my invention.
Fig. 2, is an enlarged sectional detail of the nozzle and its adjacent parts as shown
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, is a sectional plan of Fig. 2, at A, B.
Fig. 4, is a side sectional elevation of Fig. 2.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, & 14, show modifications in the disposition or
direction of the coo:ing air currents.
Figs. 6 & 8, illustrate the combination with these cooling air currents, of the grease
dish.
Figs. 15, & 16, illustrate the application of the through current cross tubes, to
candle shade stands.
Fig. 17, is a sectional elevation showing its application to a loose nozzle.
Fig. 18, is a detailed or separate view of the loose nozzle.
Fig. 19, is a sectional plan of Fig. 18, at C, D.
In reference to Figs. 2, 3, & 4, a, is the candle; b, the candlet ube; c, the nozzle ;
d, the lamp body bottom; e, is an annular air chamber or passage, through which air
is conveyed to the upper part of the nozzle &c., from the external of the lamp, by
means of the perforations f, as indicated by the arrows. 9, 9, are cross-tubes, which
serve as a barrier to the rising of the candle a, which latter is effected by the springh,
(see Fig. 1). By reason of these cross tubes g, g, being made tubular, the-current-of
cold air from the outside of the lamp passes therethrough, and thus keeps then
sufficiently cool, although in proximity to the flame; and further, by reason of their
cooling character, prevent to a great extent, if not entirely, an excess of melted grease
at the top of the candle, beyond what is required for the flame, and thereby lessens
the "guttering" of the grease. Ati, perforations may be made in the nozzle, through
which some of the air admitted from the exterior, may find its way into the body of
the lamp direct, or, through which it may pass after having circulated or passed through
the tubes g,g. It will thus be seen that the cooling air for the interior of the nozzle,
is in this case, quite independent of the ordinary ventilation, by means of the
perforations j.
In Fig. 5, is shown a modified sectional form, in which the annular air
chamber or passage to the cooling cross tubes, is in direct communication with the
interior of the lamp bottom, the air in this case being admitted through perforations,
and passing direct to the said cross tubes g¹. I prefer however the method shown in
Figs. 2, 3, & 4.
In Figs. 6, & 7, the cooling air is admitted through the pipe 1, into the annular air
space e, and thence into the circular air chamber m, formed at the top of the nozzle.
In this case the tubes 92, 93, are carried straight through from the one side, into the
body of the lamp, as indicated by the arrows. The upper part of the nozzle is further
formed into a grease dish, which is kept cool by reason of the circulation of the cold
air in the chamber m, and thence escaping through the tubes, or through the
perforations. When this method is adopted, the mouth of the pipe 1, would be
placed upon the front side of the lamp, so that in travelling it would meet or face the
air, and thus set up a more rapid current and supply of cold air.
In Figs. 8&9, the pipe 1, is bellmouthed, and further confined in its passage, so
as to conduct the cold air direct to the cross tubes g³, first, and thence into the air
chamber m, when it may escape at the upper part of the grease dish as shown by the
arrow. Other perforations may be made if desired at n, as before described; Fig. 9,
being a sectional plan of Fig. 8 at E F. 1 also provide the perforations f³, so that
cold air independently of the pipe l', may pass to the interior of the grease dish, in
order to keep it cool, and prevent guttering.

page_text: Fig. 10, is a similar arrangement to Figs. 2, 3, & 4, except that a column of cool
air is obtained near to the melted wax, by means of the notched perforations o ;
Fig. 11, being a detail of the upper part of the candle tube, shewing the notches,
serving for perforations.
Fig. 12, is a part detail elevation, and Fig. 13, a sectional plan of a modifi-
cation in the arrangement of the cross tubes, in which a circular tube or chamber p,
at the top of the candle is provided, having outlets or inlets q, for the entrance,
circulation and exit of the air currents. This circular tube accommodates great
variation in the size of the candles used, rather than by projecting spikes &c., or
prongs, as at present used. Fig. 14, is a further modification in which the circular
tube or cooling chamber p¹ which is used to control the rising of the candle, is
formed without the outlets or inlets q, (see Fig. 13). By this means I may bring
a current of air very near to the top of the melted. grease, by reason of the
perforations 7, while I may also conveniently, if desired, supply further air through
perforations s.
In Figs. 15 & 16; I have illustrated the application of these cooling cross tubes to
candle shade holders, the cross tubes g', as before described, resting upon and
embedding themselves in the melted grease of the candle.
The drawings thus far, show the arrangement of the cooling air currents &c., as
adapted to lamps where the candle is introduced into position from the exterior of
the lamp; nevertheless a loose nozzle may be used so that the candle may be intro-
duced from the inside; this is illustrated in Figs. 17, 18, & 19. In this case the
nozzle is made up of two cylindrical sides t, u, the space between which forms the
annular air chamber e. The cross tubes g', are built in thefinner cylinder u, or in
some cases may pass from the one side of the inner cylinder u, right across to the
other side of the outer cylinder t, similarly as in Fig. 6.
The lower ends of the two cylinders & u, are connected to each other by
means of a plate o, having perforations wo, through which the currents pass to the
cross tubes &c. as indicated by the arrows.
The inner part of the nozzle slides down upon the upper end of the candle
tube 6, and is secured by the wire a, which is soldered to the nozzle, passing
under the catch y, or by any other suitable means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. The general combination and arrangement of parts, passages, or perforations,
whereby cooling air currents are conveyed from the exterior of the lamp to the
interior apper end of the candle tube or nozzle, and thence into the interior of
the lamp, substantially as hereindescribed and illustrated upon the drawings.
2nd. The cross, or circular tubes, in combination with the upper part of the
candle tubes or nozzle, substantially as shewn and set forth, and for the purposes
specified.
3rd. The combination and arrangement of the annular air current space e, inlet
perforations, and cross tubes g, substantially as described and illustrated upon the
drawings in Figs. 1, 2, 3, & 4.
4th. The modified combination and arrangement of the annular air space e, cross
tubes g', and the inlet perforations f¹, substantially as described and illustrated upon
the drawings in Fig. 5.
5th. The modified combination and arrangement of the annular air current space e¹,
cross tubes g, with the air entrance tube 1, substantially as described and illustrated
upon the drawings in Figs. 6 & 7.
6th. The modified combination and arrangement of the cross tubes g³, with the bell
mouthed inlet passage l, communicating therewith direct, substantially as described
and illustrated upon the drawings in Figs. 8 & 9.
7th. The modified combination and arrangement of the annular air current space e,
with the notched perforations o, as set forth and shown in Figs: 10 & 11, and for the
purposes specified.

page_text: 8th. The modified combination and arrangement of the circular and cross tubes p & 9,
with any of the aforenamed air spaces, or inlet air passages or outlets, substantially as
hereindescribed. and illustrated upon the drawings in Figs. 12 & 13.
9th. The modified combination and arrangement of the annular air current space e,
with the circular cooling chamber p', having outlets 8, p, substantially as described 5
and illustrated upon the drawings in Fig. 14.
10th. The combination of the cooling cross tubes 9, with candle shade fittings,
substantially as described and illustrated upon the drawings in Figs. 15 & 16.
11th. The combination of the annular air current space e, cross tubes 9*, inlet
perforations w, outlet perforations i, with a loose nozzle (Fig. 18) substantially as set 1
forth and illustrated upon the drawings in Figs. 17, 18, & 19.
12th. The combination with the cross cooling air tubes 9, & 9, P, of a grease dish
substantially as described and illustrated upon the drawings in Figs. 6 & 8.
Dated this 21st dar of Tann 1000
CHARLES T. POWELL,
12, Cherry Street, Birmingham
Applicant's Agent.