matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' SCUPPERS, SLUICE VALVES, AND THROTTLE VALVES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August
1864.
I, HENRY. WILSON, of Stockton-upon-Tees, in the. County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATER-CLOSETS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' SCUPPERS, SLUICE VALVES,
AND THROTTLE VALVES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the introduction of a double valve into the
discharge pipe of the water-closet basin underneath the ordinary upper valve,
constructed and arranged thus:-Two metallic segments or plates faced on
their edges are fitted and hinged directly opposite each other in the discharge
pipe, fixed so that the chord lines of these segments or plates shall meet in the
centre of the discharge pipe at an angle varying from eighty to one hundred
and twenty degrees; the apex of the angle thus formed, projecting outwards
from the basin. A balance weight is fitted to a lever, which is secured to
each segment and nicely adjusted, just to keep the faces in contact. Sup-
posing the soil from the basin to have been discharged through the upper
valve, it will fall upon the said double valve, this will be sufficient to open it ;
as soon as the soil has passed through the balance weights will close the
valve. I form this valve of any metallic substance, or of any flexible sub-
stance, such as india-rubber. It is specially adapted for use on shipboard
to prevent when the upper valve is opened the-rush of water up the .dis-
charge pipe during the pitching of the ship, from throwing the contents of

page_text: the basin upwards. I likewise employ a pump for discharging the contents
of the basin. The pump being fitted to work in a conical seating or shell
having two openings, one communicating with the basin of the water-closet,
and the other with the sea by means of a pipe through the side of the ship.
On the lower part of the pump is a conical plug having but one opening, and
fitting into the aforesaid conical seating or shell. When it is required to dis-
charge the contents of the basin, the pump is put in communication with the
basin through one of the openings in the conical seating or shell, the bucket
of the pump is then raised and the contents of the basin are drawn into the
pump; the pump is then moved round until it communicates with the sea
through the opposite opening in the conical seating or shell; the bucket is
then forced down and the contents of the pump expelled into the sea. This
method dispenses with the use of valves or other appliances which are liable
to choke and get out of order. I also apply the aforesaid double valve or a
single valve of similar construction to ships' scuppers and sluice valves for dis-
charging water or other fluids, or to throttle valves for the regulation of the
passage of steam or any fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1864

page_text: the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th January 1864.
I, CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of Brunswick Street, Ardwick, Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to show by a simple contrivance connected
with signals on railways periods of time which have elapsed since the passage.
of a train.
My mode of effecting this consists in the employment of bellows on its.
equivalent into which air is admitted or expelled each time that a train passes.
By other convenient arrangements the escape or admission of air from or into.
the bellows is made to give motion to and regulate a hand or pointer. on the
face of a dial, upon which the intervals of time are marked.
One method of carrying out my Invention consists in placing a lever so.
that it may be depressed at one end by the passing train, the other end of the
lever causing the expansion of the bellows, into which a valve opening inwards.
admits air. A tap or other contrivance connected with a regulator afterwards.
allows the escape of the air, and as the bellows gradually collapse either by
gravitation or pressure a line or chain attached to it and carried round a
pully secured on an arbor, to which a hand or pointer is fixed, gives motion
thereto. A weight or spring connected with. the hand or pointer draws it
back to zero whenever a train passes...

page_text: In another mode of carrying out my Invention, in place of admitting air
into the bellows, as in manner herein-before described, the lever is made to
expel air from a bellows, and the re-admission of air to cause the expansion of
the bellows, and thus give rise to motion in the signal.
To preserve the bellows and valves free from dust and wet I place that part
of the apparatus in a close case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLINDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Culver and Robert
Bruce Jarvis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th January 1864.
We, JonN PETER CULVER and ROBERT BRUCE JARVIS, both of Craven
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLINDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of roller
blinds whereby they may be actuated and controlled in a more simple and easy
method than the roller blinds as ordinarily manufactured. We propose to
provide the end of the roller with a flanged pulley or reel beyond which a
ratchet wheel is fixed, the roller being set in suitable pendant bearings, over
the ratchet wheel we adjust a lever pall working loosely on a stud or projection
from the pendant bearing, the pall or catch of the lever extending backwards
and downwards into the teeth of the ratchet. The lever or front end the
pall is supplied with a small grooved roller over which the cord passes and
from thence extends over the flanged pulley or reel to which it is attached.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-Assuming the blind to be
rolled up, and it is desired to lower the same, the cord is to be so slightly
pulled or drawn as only to disengage the pall from the ratchet wheel by the
descent of the lever or front end of the pall lever, the weight of the blind will
then be sufficient to unroll itself, the cord being allowed to slip through the
fingers of the operator during its descent, but at any required time when

page_text: it is desired to stop or retard the motion of the blind, it is merely necessary to
release the cord when the weight of the pall (being heavier than the lever end
thereof) will cause it to fall and catch into one of the teeth of the ratchet
wheel. During the descent of the blind the cord will of course have become
wound upon the flanged reel, and thus when it is desired to raise the blind
it is only necessary to pull the cord and the direction of the roller will be
reversed. In this case also the pall is raised from the ratcbet, but the
moment the cord is released the pall falls into gear and prevents the descent
of the blind.
The Invention is applicable to window blinds, drop scenes or curtains of
theatres, maps, shop fronts, and other similar purposes.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNEYS AND PREVENTING DOWN-DRAUGHTS THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Freeman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1864.
I, SAMUEL FREEMAN, of 5, Waterloo Street, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, Whitesmith, Bellhanger, and Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNEYS
AND PREVENTING DOWN-DRAUGHTS THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This apparatus may be readily fixed to the back of the hob of any fire-grate,
stove, or range, and consists of two plates of iron or other metal running
half-way up the back sides of the fire-place, where they are bent over on an
angle iron or metal frame to the inner part of the chimney breast, upon
which a sheet of iron or other metal is riveted or seamed, so as to enclose
all the middle part of the chimney's mouth. A small aperture is cut at the
bottom of the aforesaid sheets of iron or other metal for the purpose of allowing
the smoke to enter. At the inner part of the apparatus, near the top, is a
hot-air chamber, constructed so as to cause the smoke to travel from the
aforesaid aperture to the chimney breast, from whence it is carried up the
chimney by the ordinary draught therein. From the side of the chimney
from whence the flue runs is a sliding door which draws back with the aid of
a knob over the hot-air chamber, by which means the chimney can be swept.
On the other side is a smaller hinged soot-hole door, the use of which is to

page_text: clean off all accumulations of soot from the top of the apparatus. These
doors are intended to be kept closed during the use of fires, by which the
mouth of the chimney is entirely closed and all down-draughts are prevented.
The aforesaid angle frame is riveted to the corners of the apparatus to give
strength and durability to the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES OR APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Gillard Camp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1864.
I, EDWIN GILLARD CAMP, of the City of Bristol, Hair Dresser, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES OR
APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING," to be as follows:-
My present Invention is for improvements upon the rotary brushing appa-
ratus for which Letters Patent were granted me on the 11th March 1862,
No. 657, and consists in imparting rotary motion to the brushes by means of
clockwork or other like mechanism contained in the interior or drum of the
brush itself or in a box in connection therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Whitley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1864.
I, JOSEPH WHITLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Brassfounder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
WHEELS," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of my Invention is to allow of an independent
motion to the tyres of railway wheels so that they may accommodate them-
selves to the curves upon or round which they may have to travel, and this I
effect by dovetailing the tyre into the felloes, substantially as hereafter
described.
My Invention consists in forming the bottom and one side of the felloe of
railway wheels in one piece, and otherwise, as hereafter stated. I make
the inner side of the fixed side felloe piece inclining inwards towards the
bottom. I construct the top of the tyres with a tongue to dovetail into and
between the fixed side felloe piece and a corresponding movable side felloe
piece; the top of the tongue comes in contact with the bottom of the central
part of the felloe, and the side pieces bear on the top of the tyre at the sides
of the tongue. The tyre having been fitted to the fixed parts of the felloe I
secure it from flying off by means of a movable locking side felloe piece,
inclining on the inside inwards towards the bottom, and forming with the
corresponding fixed side of the felloe a dovetail groove, and I secure this
locking side piece by means of bolts passing through the lower part of the

page_text: felloe, the fixed and movable sides,. and fasten. them by-nuts, which I further
secure by pins passed through the bolts beyond the nuts.
the nuts. I do not limit
myself to the precise details for constituting the dovetail groove in the felloe,
as they may be varied without departing from my Invention.
The second part of my Invention consists in securing tyres to wheels
immovably by means similar to those described, but then, instead of passing
the securing bolts through the body of the bottom of the felloe I pass them
through the sides and through the tongue on the tyre.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN VENTILATING HATS AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Van Norden Bazalgette at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1864.
I, JOHN VAN NORDEN BAZALGETTE, of Devonshire Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN VENTILATING HATS AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in carrying off the heated air from the head by one
or more apertures in the crown or top of the hat or other like covering for the
head, and in supplying the place of the heated air by fresh air introduced
through one or more apertures also in the crown or top of the hat or other
like covering. The fresh air is conducted down inside the hat by a pipe or
pipes, or by an inner lining to the hat with a passage or passages for the air
all round the inside.
The apparatus is a ventilator for the admission of fresh and outlet of heated
air. It consists of an upper disc with an aperture through it, and with another
aperture opening into an inclined tube, the lower end of which communicates
with an aperture in a second disc, and this second disc has an inner lining
connected to it. The inner lining is kept a distance, say a quarter of an inch
more or less, from the crown and sides of the hat. The aperture through the
upper disc communicates with the space between the crown and body of the

page_text: hat and the lining. The ventilating apparatus is completed by a register plate
on the upper disc; the register plate has two apertures in it, and is capable
of being turned so as to more or less open and close the apertures in the said
disc, whereby the ventilation may be regulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROVING, INTERMEDIATE, SLUBBING FRAMES, AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bullough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1864.
I, JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROVING,
INTERMEDIATE, SLUBBING FRAMES, AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
As these machines have been heretofore driven they have not varied their
speed according to the varying position of the lifting rail in its traversing
motion from top to bottom of the bobbin, but it is evident that these machines
will stand a greater speed when the lifting rail is at the top than they will
when it is at the bottom of its traverse, inasmuch as the collar, tube, bolster,
or bearing is in the former case nearer the spindle top, and can therefore
keep the spindle steady, running at such a speed as would cause too much
unsteadiness if the collar, tube, bolster, or bearing were lower down the
spindle. I therefore propose to run these machines at a differential speed,
according to the position of the collar, tube, bolster, or bearing on the spindle.
For this purpose in addition to the ordinary fast and loose pulleys I make use
of two cone drums for driving. One of these cones is placed near the floor,
and has on its shaft the fast and loose driving pulleys; this cone drives
another cone fastened to the jack shaft or first driven shaft in the machine,
speaking of machines made in the ordinary way without this improvement.
When the collar is in its lowest position on the spindle the strap is set so as

page_text: to make the small end of the drum drive the largo end, and as the collur
rises up the spindle with the lifting rail, the strap is made to travel along the
cones, so that it drives the machine quicker and quicker as the collar gets
higher and higher up the spindle. When the collar is at the top of the
traverse, the cone strap has travelled so far that the thick end of the driving
cone is driving the small end of the other cone. One mode of traversing the
strap is as follows:-To the lifting rail I attach a vertical rack, which works
a pinion, which pinion by means of suitable gearing gives motion to a coarse
worm or scroll which has a pin in its chase or groove, which pin is connected
to a double fork guiding the cone drum shaft. As the lifting rail asconds tho
rack attached to it of course turns the pinion and puts this scroll in motion,
causing it to traverse the strap fork one way from slow to fast spoed. As it
descends it reverses the motions, causing the worm to traverse the strap fork
from fast to slow again, and so on alternately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FILES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Jordan, of the City of Manchester, Metal-
lurgist and Philosophical Instrument Maker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FILES."
Sealed the 30th August 1864, and dated the 7th March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charles Jordan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 7th
March 1864.
I, CHARLES JORDAN, of the City of Manchester, Metallurgist and Philo-
sophical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FILES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a keen-cutting edge to the teeth
of files, such keen edge being imparted by the following process:-Files, after
the teeth have been cut, either by hand or machinery, are submitted to the
action of an acid in which steel is soluble, aqua regia, nitric, muriatic, or other
acid or combination of acids suitable for the purpose may be employed. Such
action or etching may be effected either previous to or after the files are
hardened, and the time required varies from one to five minutes," "according to

page_text: the cut or size of the files to be operated on. The files may be either
immersed in the acid or the acid may be floated over the surface with a
woollen or other swab, after which they must be washed with water and
cleaned with a hard brush to remove the deposit of decomposed steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAID PARTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Calvert and Thomas
Edmeston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with their
Petition, on the 26th February 1864.
We, EDMUND CALVERT, of Walton-le-Dale, in the County of Lancaster,
and THOMAS EDMESTON, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAID PARTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those descriptions of machinery in which bobbins
or tubes are employed, and consists in placing a plate or platform on the top
of the washer wheel or bobbin braid used for driving the bobbins or tubes.
The aforesaid plate or platform is made of cast or sheet metal, or other
suitable material in the form of a washer, having on its outer edge one or
more projections, which are fitted into recesses on the outer edge of the
washer wheel or bobbin braid, so that both revolve together. There are also
one or more raised parts or projections on the top of the plate or platform, for
the purpose of fitting into a corresponding slit or slits in the end of the
bobbins or tubes. We prefer the plate or platform to be made of sheet steel,
and form the raised parts by punching square holes in the plate with a punch
having only three cutting sides, and leaving the burr on the fourth side of
cach hole to form the projection, but the punch may be made of other forms.
than that described, so long as a burr is retained to form the raised part or .

page_text: projection for causing the bobbin or tube to revolve. The plates may be
made in any suitable punching machine having the aforesaid punches attached
to it. When the plates or platforms are cast or moulded all the projections
are formed on them at the same time.
AN IMPROVED GLOBE GLASS OR SHADE FOR GAS OR OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1864.-A communication from abroad by André Armand
Schneider, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
GLOBE GLASS OR SHADE FOR GAS OR OTHER LIGHTS," (a communication to me
from abroad by André Armand Schneider, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin,
Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
This improved "globe" may be of glass, crystal, enamel, or any other
material suitable for lighting, it is pierced with a certain number of, holes,
varying according to its dimensions, and may be of spherical, cylindrical,
conical, or other shape. In each hole, the diameter of which is also
regulated by the size and shape of the "globe," is a ring or rim of metal,
fixed by pressure to the "globe," by means of a spring setting, which will
permit its being placed and removed at pleasure. In these small rings or
rims are set photographs on glass, crystal, enamel, porcelain, or other
suitable material, each proof being protected from the heat by a piece of
smoothed or unpolished glass of the same diameter, which arrangement
also permits cleaning the "globe" without fear of damage to the photographs.
It will be understood that the photographs may be colored in every shade,
and that each opening may be of a different form.

page_text: This Invention is applicable as well to the "globes" or glasses of lamps
used in private dwellings as to the articles, serving to soften and protect
lights in public places, shops, and elsewhere; each photograph may be a
portrait, a copy of an engraving, an artistic object, or even a shifting advertise-
ment for shopkeepers and others.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL OR COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PANELS AND FOR OTHER CONSTRUCTIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anguish Honour Augustus Durant
and William Henry Postlethwaite Gore at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th October 1864.
We, ANGUISH HONOUR AUGUSTUS DURANT, of the Conservative Club, Saint
James's, in the County of Middlesex, Captain, and WILLIAM HENRY POSTLE-
THWAITE GORE, of Hanover Chambers, Buckingham Street, in the same.
County, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MATERIAL OR COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PANELS AND FOR OTHER CONSTRUCTIVE PURPOSES," to bo as
follows:-
Our Invention applies to the manufacture of a material or combination of
materials to be used in the construction of panels to be employed as substitutes-
for wood or other materials in building, or for carriage panels, or for any other
constructive purpose where strength and lightness combined are desirable.
The Invention consists, firstly, in the combination of metal with papier
maché by means of paste, glue, white lead, or such other coment or adhesive
material as will cause the sheets of papier maché to adhere to the metal. The
metal may be either in plain sheets or perforated, corrugated, or otherwise-
roughened, so as to cause the materials to adhere; or it may be used in the
form of strips, plaited or otherwise, or of wire woven or netted together.
Another part of the Invention consists in combining tow, hemp, or other
uncut fibrous material, or strips of fibrous woven fabric, with papier maché or
paper pulp during the process of manufacture, such tow or other fibrous

page_text: material being previously steeped in a suitable adhesive material or mixture
to cause it to be more thoroughly incorporated with the papier maché or
paper pulp, the object being to give to the said papier maché or pulp an
increased toughness without increasing the weight..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INHALING AIR WHEN CHARGED WITH VAPOURS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1864. A communication from abroad by Charles Pierre Baillemont,
Gentleman, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INHALING AIR WHEN CHARGED WITH
VAPOURS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus for introducing air charged with
liquid particles into the mouth or nose, said air previously passing through a
suitable liquid.
This apparatus is made entirely of tin or other metal, and may be heated
either direct or receive the liquid already heated when the medicinal air to be
inhaled is required to be heated. Hitherto glass vessels have been used for
this purpose, furnished with tubes also of glass, one of which dips into the
liquid while the other opens into the air above the liquid, and serves also for
its aspiration. But this apparatus cannot be placed on a fire, and if a heated
liquid be introduced the bottle invariably breaks; this fragility of the recipient
may also render its contents dangerous, while the tubes can only be
closed by corks, and inhalation by such means becomes difficult.
order to remedy these disadvantages I substitute metal for the glass recipient
which has the further advantage of being hermetically closed at the junction
of the tubes.
In

page_text: This improved apparatus is represented in the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 of which shows a side elevation of one arrangement; Fig. 2 a central
vertical section of same; Fig. 3 a plan; Fig. 4 shows the end of the inhaling
tube furnished with a mouthpiece of glass, porcelain, or other suitable material,
while Figs. 5 and 6 show the ends of inhaling tubes, the one straight and the
other curved, each having an india-rubber mouthpiece. The same letters of
reference indicate like parts seen in different positions in the several Figures.
a, cylindro-conical vessel for receiving the medicinal or pharmaceutical
liquids through which the air first passes; b, tube for introducing air into the
liquid; the upper part of this tube is funnel-mouthed for facilitating its entry;
c, cover or upper part of the apparatus soldered to the body, and to which
also is soldered a tube d, serving for the inhalation of air; e, inner rim or
flange on the end of tube d, for preventing the particles of water with which
the air is charged from entering the mouth of the aspirator, it also prevents
the end of tube d from injuring the mouth; f, handle for carrying the
apparatus; g, mouthpiece of porcelain, glass, or other plastic material, for
which may be substituted a covering h of india-rubber. It will be readily
understood that by applying the mouth to the end of tube d air may be
inhaled by means of tube 6 through the mass of liquid passing out, as
indicated by the arrows, through same tube d, charged with the particles
contained in said liquid.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CLEANSING SHIPS' BOTTOMS AT SEA, AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1864.
J, JOHN HARRISON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Shipowner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CLEANSING SHIPS' BOTTOMS AT SEA, AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS,
OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement and construction of machinery or
apparatus employed for cleansing the bottoms of ships or vessels when at sea,
and it consists essentially of a knife or scraper fixed to the end of a moveable
lever which is immersed in the water, and extends transversely under the
bottom of the ship as far as the keel. The outer end of this lèver is fixed by
a moveable joint to a rod or lifter which passes up in a nearly vertical
direction, and its upper end works in a guide which projects from a vertical
frame fixed by a clamp and pinching screw or screws to the bulwarks of the
vessel. To the lower part of the vertical rod, and near to that portion where
the lever carrying the scraper is situated, there is fixed a link to which is
connected a rope, and this rope passes up over a pulley and on to the deck,
for the purpose of being taken hold of by a man or by men.
The entire apparatus is made portable, and when not required for use is
taken in pieces, lifted on board, and stowed away into a comparatively small
space. When it is desired to cleanse the bottom of a ship or vessel, the
apparatus is secured to the bulwarks, and the rope fastened to the lifter is

page_text: passed over a pulley on to the deck, where it is hauled at by a man or men
on board, who pull the rope through such distance as to cause the knife or
scraper to pass over and cleanse a given portion of the bottom, the distance
passed over being ascertained by a scale of lengths marked upon the lifter.
When one portion of the length of the vessel is thus cleansed, the apparatus
is shifted along the bulwarks, and a corresponding length is scraped further
on, so that by beginning to scrape at one end of the hull, the apparatus is
moved on successively until the entire length is cleansed. When used for
scraping the sides of the hull, the lever carrying the knife or scraper is moved
back so as to be shorter, and thus it is more easily applied to work over a
vertical or nearly vertical portion of the hull.
The great advantage resulting from this Invention is, that by it the bottoms
of hulls can be effectually cleansed when at sea, by which much time is saved
on a voyage; owing to the immersed portion being clean, the ship or vessel
can make greater way in a given time, and the now not unfrequent necessity.
of putting into port for the purpose of cleansing is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SYRUPS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Leisz at the Office of
-
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1864. A communication from abroad. by Jean Jaques Grosheinz
and Auguste Sheurer, both of Logelbach, near Colmar, Haut Rhin,
Chemists.
I, FREDERICK LEISZ, of No. 7, New Coventry Street, Leicester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SYRUPS," it has been
communicated to me from abroad by Jean Jaques Grosheinz and Auguste
Sheurer, both of Logelbach, near Colmar, Haut Rhin, Chemists, to be as
follows:-.
The material that I use is potato flour. I dilute this with water to make a
paste, this paste I decompose by means of sulphuric acid; I then boil it; after-
which the acid is saturated with carbonate of lime, which absorbs the acid._
The carbonate of lime in its contact with the acid produces sulphate of lime,..
which settles on the bottom of the vessel in which the process is being carried
on. I then pour off gently the syrup left on the surface, and place the syrup.
thus drawn off into a copper in which a vacuum has been produced by means
of a pneumatic machine. The syrup having gone through this last process is
fit for use.
The advantages of the syrups are these:-I produce by this mode of manu-
facture a cheaper and superior article, clear as crystal, which will not discolor

page_text: or tinge any matter into which it may be introduced. This qualification in a
syrup has never been produced before. There is a much less quantity of suger
required in the manufacture of marmalades, jellies, and the like, and the syrup
will effectually keep them from crystalizing or fermenting.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS IN RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Thomas Ifall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1864.
I, RICHARD THOMAS HALL, of the Railway Office, Devoran, in the County
of Cornwall, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS IN
RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means of communi-
cating between passengers and guards in railway trains.
For this purpose I fix in each partition, between the compartments of a
railway carriage and near its top, an alarm or bell communicating on both
sides of the partition, and underneath it a round or oval hole (sufficiently large
to admit a person's face), closed up by a sliding shutter, attached to the alarmı
with a spring in a cord, wire, or chain suspended along the top of each com-
partment of a railway carriage. On any part of the cord, wire, or chain
being pulled the spring acts on the alarm and sounds the bell, at the same
time the spring disengages a catch which holds the shutter, and the shutter
instantly drops. A communication is thus at once afforded to the passengers
in the adjoining compartment. A pendulum attached to the bell of the alarm
is set in motion at the same time, so that the guard may at once see in which
compartment the alarm was given. On the outside of the railway carriage
in the most convenient spot for the guard, near the roof, a whistle with a
peculiar sound is attached to the side of the carriage. To the handle of the

page_text: whistle is attached a wire, cord, or chain, carried along on the inside of the
carriago, and connected with the cords or wires in each compartment which
are attached to the alarms. Attached to the whistle is a funnel-shaped cone,
the mouth of which fuces the direction in which the train is passing. When
the cord or wire in any compartment of a carriage is pulled, the alarm is at
once sounded and the hole underneath opened, at the same time the handle
of the whistle on the outside of the carriage is drawn, and the whistle, if the
train be in motion, at once sounded by means of the air caught in the funnel
or tube passing into the whistle, its strength of tone depending on the pace at
which the train may be passing; or in placo of the whistle being caused to
sound by this means, a reservoir of compressed air may be employed for
the purpose, so that if necessary tho whistle may be used when the train is
at rest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Zephaniah Bridgewater Smith
and William Lees Nelson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th July 1864.
We, ZEPHANIAH BRIDGEWATER. SMITH, of Dudley, in the County of
Worcester, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM LEES NELSON, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAY
TRAINS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
apparatus for signalling on railway trains, by the use of which improvements
any person in any compartment of the carriage to which our Invention is
applied can signal the guard of the train. On the inner side of the roof of
the carriage and over each seat is a rod or axis, the said rods extending from
side to side of the carriage, and working in bearings in the sides of the
carriage. The said rods are cranked nearly their whole length, that is, a
long crank is formed in each of the rods, the said crank extending nearly from
the bearing at one end to that at the other end of the rod or axis. The
cranks are supported in a horizontal plane by springs, and any one taking hold
of and pulling down one of the rods makes the crank and rod perform a
quarter revolution. One end of each rod or axis passes to the outside of the
carriage, and carries a bell-crank lever. From this bell-crank lever a wire
passes to the hammer of a large bell situated at the top of the carriage, and
on the side on which the bell-crank lever is situated. By pulling, down one

page_text: of the cranked rods the hammer is made to strike the bell and call the
attention of the guard. A check or indicator is fixed outside each compart-
ment of the carriage and near the bell-crank lever of that compartment, and
when the cranked rod inside the carriage is pulled down the bell-crank lever
outside not only rings the bell, but, by raising the check or indicator, indicates
to the guard the compartment of the carriage from which the signal was
given.
By the arrangement described any person in any compartment of a railway
carriage can immediately signal the guard.
Our Invention can be applied to all kinds of railway carriages, and does not
require any communication between the several carriages of a train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL PAVEMENT, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO POTTERY WARE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1864. A communication from abroad by Victor Duprat, residing at
Bordeaux, in the Empire of France.
I, ALEXANDER PRINCE, of the Office for Patents, 4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
PAVEMENT, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO POTTERY WARE," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Victor Duprat, resident at Bordeaux, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of artificial
pavement, the materials being applicable also to pottery ware. I propose to
mould and dress particular kinds of clay, those especially which serve to make
pottery, called artificial brown freestone, and also other clays mixed according
to their character with other substances, and also with some materials which
are fusible, and with products which partly attack the clay and cause it to run.
The materials are, firstly, clay and kaolin to form a plastic base; secondly,
silicious sand, freestone pounded or broken, baked argillaceous cement
employed to strengthen or solidify the clay, and to obtain a fine or rough
quality of pavement, as may be desired; thirdly, natural or artificial silicates,
such as felspar and minerals which contain it, lava, pumice-stone, obsidian
basalts of certain compound rocks such as granite, broken glass, glass fritt,
and iron slag, may be used instead of silicates and sand or cements. Mica

page_text: fluorite, cryolite, carytine, witherite, celestine, strontian, marble, lime, and oxide
of iron. Refractory clay mixed with sand gives an excellent product tempered
with a concentrated solution of alkaline silicate of potash or soda. Caustic
alkalis give the same results. It is impossible to state the proportions of the
materials, as they may be varied to any extent according to circumstances.
Some of these processes afford a paste capable of being burnt and made into
pottery possessing the qualities of porcelain at a very small cost. All the
mixtures may be colored by the aid of earths or metallic oxides. After the
pavement is moulded into blocks or slabs, it should, when dry, be subjected to
pressure to solidify it, after which it is to be baked or burnt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TEMPORARILY SECURING CORKS IN SODA WATER AND OTHER BOTTLES CONTAINING FLUID AND AIR OR GASES UNDER PRESSURE, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CARRYING BOTTLES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elton Templemore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1864.
I, ELTON TEMPLEMORE, of Tachbrook Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TEMPORARILY SECURING CORKS IN SODA WATER
AND OTHER BOTTLES CONTAINING FLUID AND AIR OR GASES UNDER PRESSURE, WHICH
IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CARRYING BOTTLES AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My improved apparatus consists of two straps with buckles, the one being
disposed at right angles with the other; the one strap may be short and passes
round the neck of the bottle, and is buckled tight thereon; one end of the
second strap is either fixed across the neck strap or slides with a loop thereon;
this strap passes up over the cork and down to the neck strap at a point
opposite to that where the loop is disposed, the buckle of this second strap is
fixed to a short tab either fixed to the neck strap or with a loop sliding upon
it; by this apparatus a cork can be readily and safely secured in a bottle
containing fluids under pressure, which it is often times required to do after
using part of the contents of such fluid, and at same time desiring to preserve
the remainder.
This double strap apparatus is also very convenient for carrying all kinds of
bottles, jars, and articles having no convenient hand hold. For this purpose
the strap that was described as passing over the cork is left of considerable

page_text: length, and being attached at one end and buckled at the other, the inter-
mediate double forms a loop convenient to hold. It may also be used for
carrying a bottle while securing the cork temporarily, as before described, by
the cork strap returning back over the cork in the form of a loop or hand-
hold, a second buckle being applied at its point of connection with the neek
strap, by which to attach the free end of the second or cork strap for the
purpose mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY TURNTABLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Greenway at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 80th May
1864.
I, CHARLES GREENWAY, of Albert Place, Cheltenham, in the County of
Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RAILWAY TURNTABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway turntables. For
these purposes the table is caused to turn on a fixed central upright post, the
lower end of which is fixed. Within this post, which is hollow, a spindle is
received and turns. The upper end of the spindle is fixed to the centre of
the table; at the upper end of the hollow fixed post is fixed a boss or box, in
which there are a series of vertical cylinders or rollers around the spindle of
the table; the axes of these cylinders or rollers are thus parallel with the
central axis of the spindle, by which means the upper part of the spindle is
free to turn within the stationary boss or box with as little friction as may be
at a position below the table, and near the lower end of the fixed post there is.
another boss or box of a similar construction to the one above mentioned, and
it also is provided with vertical cylinders or rollers, the axes of which are
parallel with the central axis of the post, so that this box or boss may turn
freely on the fixed post. This lower box or boss is suspended to the table by
upright suspending rods, and there are diagonal stays applied to the outer
circumference of the lower box or boss, which come under and are for the
support of the outer circumference of the table.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bayley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1864.
I, THOMAS BAYLEY, of the Lenton Works, near Nottingham, in the County
of Nottingham, Leather Dresser, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in causing the skins or hides to be tanned to
be continuously moved in the tanning liquid in a tub, trough, or other vessel
(herein-after called "vessel "), which has a circular or otherwise shaped
bottom; at each end is a standard carrying a bearing; in these bearings runs
a strong shaft, carrying near either end a disc attached to a framing, which
forms the arms of two framed dises or rings, which being connected form a
wheel or drum, or form the ends of a wheel or drum of nearly the length of
the vessel. These two discs or rings are connected by tie rods; each tie rod
is enclosed in a leaden or other piping; the discs or rings are also connected
by or form supports for the ends of boards, which are firmly attached to them,
and act as paddles or beaters. The outer edges of these boards push the skins
or hides towards one side of the vessel; the skins or hides and the liquor fall
towards the bottom of the vessel, rise up on the opposite side thereof, and are
again caught by the paddles or beaters; the process is continuously repeated.
On one end of the drum shaft is a toothed wheel, which forms one of a train
of four (or more or less) wheels; the last wheel of such train is upon a shaft

page_text: somewhat longer than the vessel. This shaft is supported by the standards
above the vessel and the drum (quite clear of the drum), and is driven by
strap and pulley or otherwise. On the boss of the drum is a clutch box, into
which gears a corresponding clutch on a key on the shaft, thus working the
shaft and the drum together. To stop the machine the clutches are disengaged
by a forked lever, which takes into a groove in the second clutch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOT, SHELLS, ROCKETS, OR ARROWS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McGrigor Croft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1864.
I, JOHN MCGRIGOR CROFT, Doctor of Medicine, of No. 8, Abbey Road,
St. John's Wood, Parish of Marylebone, County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOT, SHELLS,
ROCKETS, OR ARROWS," to be as follows:-
I indent the surface of the lower, third, or base portion of a smooth, solid,
or hollow conical shot or shell or rocket with two or more oblique grooves
commencing at a point and terminating at the base of the missile by a broad
indentation like the letter V obliquely. The grooves are cut mathematically in
thirds or half proportions, and to be defined hereafter in the Final Specification
and Drawings.
My Invention produces a missile that can be fired out of all smooth bore
pieces of ordnance or gun as shot or shell. The explosion of the powder
acting on the oblique surfaces causes the projectile to rotate, the air taking
on the same power; over the missile in its flight from the gun. The rockets
may have the base of the metal case grooved on this feathering oblique
principle, or the rocket stick may have spiral feathers of thin metal attached
to the base as similar to the arrow, where I give a spiral feathering of metal
or feathers, or other light elastic substance, for the purpose of rotation by the
atmosphere on flight through the air.