matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRACTORY MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR \NVERTOR OR FURNACE LININGS, CRUCIBLES, RETORTS, AND FIRE-BRICKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Wedekind at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1880. A communication
from abroad by Henry Bollinger, of Milan, in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer.
HERMANN WEDEKIND, of 158, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRACTORY MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR
\NVERTOR OR
FURNACE LININGS, CRUCIBLES, RETORTS, AND FIRE-BRICKS."
" A amunication
from abroad by Henry Bollinger, of Milan, in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer.
For the purpose of forming converter or furnace linings, or in the manufacture
of crucibles or fire bricks, I use asbestos (chrysotile) or serpentine, to one or both
of which substances I add soluble glass for the purpose of securing the requisite
plasticity. By regulating the proportion of the asbestos (or chrysotile) to that of
the serpentine the refractory nature and strength of the compound may be varied
to any desired degree. In order to facilitate the removal of the crucibles or retorts
from the moulds I prefer to coat said moulds with a solution of magnesium chloride,
or some analogous chloride of an alkaline nature. The surface of the converter
furnace, crucible, or retort lining is also preferably covered with the same solution,
which should be dried and burned on. When fire-bricks have been made of the
refractory materials above described I prefer to use a composition of a similar
nature to the bricks as a binding material for the joints.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Chapman and George Berry
Bates at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November
1880.
JOHN CHAPMAN and GEORGE BERRY BATES, both of Corsham, in the County of
Wilts. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS."
The object of our Invention is principally to utilise the dust and chippings or
fragments produced in sawing, working, and dressing stone, and particularly Bath
and other freestone, and the Invention consists in the employment of this heretofore
useless waste product in the manufacture of oil paints.
According to our Invention the chippings and other gross fragments, and the
dust if necessary, are reduced to a finely pulverised condition by suitable
pulverising or grinding machinery, and the fine powder or dust, mixed with a suitable
quantity of water, is then boiled for a certain length of time, or until reduced by
evaporation to about the consistency of paste, whereby the particles of stone
acquire an affinity for the boiled linseed oil, which is to bo then added in suitable
proportion to the pasty mass. This mixture is thinned down for use by the
addition of a small quantity of turps. This paint possesses good covering
properties, and is free from the objectionable qualities of paints containing white
lead.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN 'GASSING' YARN OR THREAD
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Makant Cryer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1880.
JOHN MAKANT CRYER, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN 'GASSING' YARN OR THREAD."
The objects of this Invention are to economize gas, to perform the operation of
"gassing" yarn or thread quicker and more effectually, and to simplify the
construction of the "gassing frame."
The principal feature of novelty in my Invention consists in so constructing the
gas burners that the yarn or thread passes in a vertical direction through the flame
instead of in a horizontal direction (or nearly so), as has been hitherto the case.
It will be evident that by this means the yarn or thread passes through the full
depth of the flame (instead of across it merely), and hence a smaller flame and
consequently a reduced amount of gas will produce an increased effect, and the
yarn or thread is much less liable to break or burn down, and each attendant
can consequently mind an increased number of lights.
I make the burner in the form of a fork, hollow inside, and having in its upper
side a row of perforations along each prong. The gas issuing from these perforations
will form a double flat flame, and the thread passing between the prongs of the
fork in a vertical direction will pass vertically through the centre of the flame, and
thus be exposed to its fullest effect.
When this kind of burner is used for some kinds of yarn it is sufficient to pass
the latter once only through the flame, and a great portion of the ordinary apparatus
is thus dispensed with, because the piecing up of the yarn can be done so simply
that there is no necessity for any arrangement for withdrawing the flame from the
thread (or vice versa), when the yarn breaks or burns, but when the yarn or
thread is required to pass twice, or more, through the flame rollers or pulleys must
be arranged above and below for the yarn or thread to pass round, and a simple
device must be employed to remove either the yarn or the burner (the former by
preference) whenever the machine stops. In this case also the burner is made in
a duplex form, that is, each prong of the fork is made double.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROWLOCKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shears at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1880.
WILLIAM SHEARS, of Thames Ditton. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROWLOCKS."
This Invention relates to the construction of boats which are propelled by oars,
and more especially to racing boats, and consists in connecting the sliding seats of
such boats with the rowlocks or projecting arms which carry and serve as a fulcrum
for the oars in such manner that when the sliding seat is caused to slide by the
pressure of the feet of the rower the rowlocks, and consequently the oars, are forced
in a contrary direction.
For this purpose I connect one end of each rowlock to the sliding seat (preferably
at each of the two corners of such seat nearest the stern) by means of a pin joint,
and so as to turn or work freely thereon, and on the frame or bar projecting from
each side of the boat, and carrying the other end of each of the rowlocks, I pivot
the rowlock by means of a pin joint, the rowlock turning freely thereon, thus
forming a fulcrum.
Therefore when the sliding seat is forced towards the head of the boat by the
feet of the rower the oars are impelled in a contrary direction.
This Invention will allow of the power of the rower being employed with greater
useful effect, and at the same time with much less of the usual laborious to and fro
movement of the body.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hahn Danchell and
Rudolph Blum at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th
December 1880.
FREDERICK HABn Danchell, Civil Engineer, and RUDOLPH BLUM, Merchant,
both of Paris, France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS AND VESSELS."
"
The main objects of this Invention are to improve the strength and safety and
floating power of ships and vessels. For this purpose we employ a cellular system
of watertight compartments, all as hereinafter described.
According to this Invention, we form the ship or vessel as it were with two hulls,
one within the other, and we divide the intermediate space in compartments or
cells;
the side compartments we unite to the main deck, which extends through
the intermediate space. The side compartments are divided off from the bottom
compartments.
The consequence of the above arrangement is that the inner hull or hull proper
is protected in case of collisions or grounding, being rendered unsinkable or
unaffected by the damage done to one or more of the outer compartments, and that
the ship is increased in strength to an enormous extent; we are thus also enabled
to use lighter plates in the inner hull.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING AND REGULATING CLOCKS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Doctor Ludwig Mautner, Ritter von Markhof, of Vienna,
in the Empire of Austria.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING AND REGULATING CLOCKS." A communi-
cation from abroad by Doctor Ludwig Mautner, Ritter von Markhof, of Vienna,
in the Empire of Austria.
The improvements have for their object the automatic and isochronous working
of clocks by the combined action of improved apparatus actuated by electric,
hydraulic, and pneumatic force. The improvements embrace the automatic and
continuous winding up of clocks, that is to say, their maintenance in uninterrupted
movement, by improved hydro-pneumatic means. Also the automatic regulation of
clocks at a given time and at any distance by improved mechanism set in action
by electricity, and so that a difference of time, whether a gain or a loss, cannot
occur. The improved apparatus, consisting of electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic
mechanism, is combined with an accurate pendulum clock, which may be placed
inside a column for ordinary street use; said clock is supplied with air and water
cylinders furnished with convenient inlet and outlet pipes, and also with rods and
racks attached to the clock mechanism. The electric mechanism is in communication
by wire with an observatory clock, and an assistant there makes electrical contact
at stated times, such as noon, and thereby moves the auchor of a regulating
movement in the clock and so controls the time of said clock. Water is allowed to
pass into the water cylinders and the air compressed therein and within the air
cylinders, their rods and racks are moved, and concurrently similar mechanism in
other or subsidiary clocks placed in air and water communication with the air and
water mechanism of the main clock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION OR ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS FOR PANELS OF GRATES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Couper, the younger, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Flint Glass Manufacturer, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION OR ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS FOR
PANELS OF GRATES AND OTHER PURPOSES."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Couper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1880.
JAMES COUPER, the younger, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Flint Glass Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION OR
ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS FOR PANELS OF GRATES AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the decoration or orna-
mentation of glass for panels of grates and other purposes, has for its object the
production of ornamental or decorative effects, whereby glass is capable of being
more effectively employed for panels, the sides and tops of fire-grates, finger-plates
for doors, wall panels, side-board backs, mirrors, and other flat or curved surfaces
on which decoration or ornamentation of glass surfaces is or may be used.
The Invention consists in plain silvering or gilding, or covering by white or
coloured stucco, or analogous material, the blank back parts of surfaces on which
a pattern or ornamental device has been produced by obscuring or on or in, which.
one or more ornamental or decorative designs is or are produced either in several
colours or in one colour. The design may be produced on the inner flat or curved
surface of the glass not only by obscuration, but also by cutting, etching, and
engraving; also by the laying on of designs in coloured patterns and silvering,
or gilding, or placing stucco, plain or coloured, or analogous material to obscure
the plain or non-decorated parts of the glass. Coloured or plain designs may also
be produced on the inner glass surface by printing, or by lithographing, or trans-
ferring designs thereto, or laying on designs in paper of the requisite colour or
colours and securing them thereon by a backing of stucco, varnish, or silvering,
or gilding, the effect being either to produce the design in relief by either a silvered
or gilded back, or by a combined coloured, or silvered, or gilded back, or by a plain
or coloured back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DAVITS FOR CARRYING AND STOWING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wallace Douglas MoDonald at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1880.
JOHN WALLACE DOUGLAS MCDONALD, of Bembridge, in the Isle of Wight,
Rear Admiral, Royal Navy. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DAVITS FOR CARRYING AND
STOWING SHIPS' BOATS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
davits for carrying and stowing ship's boats with greater economy of space by
bringing them inboard, and at the same time keeping them outside the davits.
With this object I make the davits of two pieces of suitable material and duly
bolted together for part of their length, and for the lower part I spread out these
two pieces so as to form as it were two feet. These feet are hinged to lugs or
brackets stepped on the rail or other convenient part of the ship. The davits are
formed in the shape of a sickle or any other convenient form. Midway between the
feet of each davit is placed an upright stancheon of any suitable material reaching
nearly up to the level of the spread out part of the davits On the top of this
stancheon are placed pullies, over which passes the topping lift for the davits,
which is secured to the davits at the top of the spread out legs thereof, and is
worked by any convenient way. By this topping lift I can raiso or lower the davits
as I choose, and the upright stancheon being lower than the legs of the davit, tho
davit can pass over the stancheon and allow the boat to come well inboard. I use
any suitable tackle for raising the boat to the davit heads, and the fall can lead
over the bolts that unite the two pieces of the davits together, which can be
provided with suitable pullies. To keep the davits in position when lowering the
boat or otherwise, I hinge a stay bar to each davit, which is provided with notches
to fit into proper pins on the stancheon. This stay bar also takes the strain off the
topping lift. When it is required to carry many boats, I can fit two or more pairs
of davits to the same lugs or brackets, and when one boat is detached the davits of
that boat can be lowered right down against the ship's side, and the other boat put
over in the same manner. I can also step these davits and stancheons any where
about the ship I choose, making slight modifications in the shape of the davits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES FOR BRACES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1880.
A communication from Carl Moritz Römpler, of the Firm of T. S. Römpler, of
Erfurt, in the German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Patent Agent.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES FOR BRACES AND OTHER PURPOSES." A com-
munication from Carl Moritz Römpler, of the Firm of T. S. Römpler, of Erfurt, in
the German Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in buckles for braces and other purposes,
and consists in so constructing a flap buckle that it can be used equally as well
from both sides. With buckles hitherto used the stuff or strap can only be pinched
or fastened from one side. The improved buckle is composed of a tin or other
metal plate or backing, formed at each end with a lug or ear, and at the bottoni
with a ring or loop for attachment to a hook, or for the sewing on of a strap.
One
The lugs or ears of the metal plate or backing serve as bearings for the pin
of the pinching or fastening plate, which is provided with teeth, and pinches
or fastens the stuff or strap against the metal plate or backing. This flap
buckle can be used for the fastening of braces and other purposes.
arrangement for braces constitutes an easy interchangeable elastic insertion piece,
which connects the cross piece of the braces with the back button straps in lieu of
the present arrangement, which is not replaceable; the elastic strap is sewn at one
end to the ring or loop of the buckle, and then drawn through the ring of the button
straps through the upper eye connected with the cross piece, and its free end
through the flap buckle. If the elastic strap has been damaged by wear it can
easily be replaced by a new strap and the buckle used again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOBBINS OF SHUTTLES FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alfred Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1880.
ROBERT ALFRED EDWARDS, of 19, Southampton Road, Haverstock Hill, Kentish
Town, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOBBINS OF SHUTTLES FOR SEWING
MACHINES."
This Invention of improvements in the bobbins of shuttles for sewing machines
relates to that class of sewing machine with a moving shuttle in which is a bobbin
carrying the thread, the tension of the thread being regulated by a spring, pressing
on the edge of the bobbin, or by threading the cotton or thread through a series of
holes. In my Invention I cause the tension to be regulated by a helical spring,
the bobbin spring being acted upon by the helical spring, so as to lengthen or
shorten it slightly, and through the tension of the spring more or less upon
the centres between which the bobbin and its spindle revolves.
In one way of accomplishing this, the bobbin spindle fixed in the bobbin is
hollow for a portion of its length; one end being solid is pointed and revolves in
the centre at one end of the shuttle, the other hollow end, being flush at the end
of the bobbin, receives a small spindle pointed at one end to revolve in the other
end of the shuttle. This spindle may be square where it enters into the square
spindle, the hollow spindle having its interior square, or it may be square and the
spindle round; provision is made to prevent this interior spindle revolving without
the outer cylinder, which can be accomplished in many ways, either a long slot on
one side or both of the outer cylinder and a pin through the inside spindle, or
if one slot, projecting from the inner spindle through the slot. The object being to
give longitudinal play, say, for a inch or whatever length is desired to the end of
the spindle, which is threaded or a screw nut, and then when the helical spring is
placed over the spindle, the nut is screwed down on the spring to the required
tension, but not to the full extent of the spring. When therefore the bobbin is
placed in the centres in the shuttle, it is bearing against these centres with the
force of the spring to whatever extent that may have been adjusted, and that is
the measure of the tension on the thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPIIONS OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF CHAMPAGNE AND OTHER LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Hipkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th July 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD HIPKINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPIIONS OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF
CHAMPAGNE AND OTHER LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in the said
syphons or apparatus, by which improvements the drawing off of champagne and
other liquids under pressure is offected without the inconveniences attending the use
of the ordinary apparatus.
The cap of the instrument (which cap, when the instrument is in use, rests on the
mouth of the bottle) is-surmounted by a tube, in which tube a cylinder works, the
bottom of the said cylinder constituting a valve, which, when the cylinder is in its
lowest position seats itself on a valve seat in a diaphragm in the cap. The cylinder
is pressed down by a strong spring, and is raised by means of a lever jointed to the
outside of the tube in which the cylinder works. The inner short arm of this
lever engages in a slot in the cylinder. The long arm is bent nearly at right angles
to the short arm, and in its normal position is nearly parallel to the axis of the
cylinder. A short distance below the diaphragm in the cap in which the valve
seat is situated is a second diaphragm. To this second or lower diaphragm a
slender tube of a length sufficient to reach nearly to the bottom of the bottle with
which the apparatus is used, is connected by a quick threaded screw. Near the
top of this tube is a shoulder on which a cork shaped plug is supported. The said
plug is divided in a plane at right angles to its axis, a series of three or four india
rubber washers being inserted between the two parts of the plug. By screwing
home the tube, the two parts of the plug are pressed together between the lower
diaphragm and the shoulder on the tube. The top of the tube opens below the
valve seat, and the outlet pipe over the valve scat, so that when the valve is raised,
there is free passage for the liquid from the tube to the outlet pipe.
The apparatus is used in the following manner :-The cork having been drawn
from the champagne or other bottle, the tube of the apparatus is passed down
the neck of the bottle. The plug enters the mouth of the bottle and the cap
rests on the top of the neck. By turning the cap the two parts of the plug are
drawn together, and the india rubber washers between them expanded so as

page_text: to fit the neck of the bottle tightly. The bottle is thus corked with the apparatus
fixed for uso.
In order to draw off the contents of the bottle it is only necessary to grasp the
neck and the handle with the hand, when the pressure on the handle raises the
valve, and the liquid rising through the tube passes out at the delivery pipe.
Immediately pressure on the handle is relaxed, the valve closes by the action of
the spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING BUTTONS TO ARTICLES OF DRESS AND TO OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shutt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th Murch 1880.
THOMAS SHUTT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Ironfounder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING BUTTONS TO ARTICLES OF DRESS AND TO OTHER
ARTICLES."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in attaching
buttons to articles of dress and to other articles, by which improvements a simple
and secure attachment of the button is readily effected.
To the looped shank of the button to be attached I hook a short piece of wire
having at its end a small head similar to that of a solid headed dress or toilet pin,
the hook being closed upon the shank. This wiro is passed through a small hole
in the article to which the button is to be attached, the head of the wire being
passed from the front of the article. The head is thus made to protrude slightly at
the back of the article. In order to prevent the withdrawal of the wire I take a
small metallic disc having a central hole of a size sufficiently large to permit of the
introduction of the wire, but too small to permit of the passage of the head of the
wire through it. Two radial slits are made in the disc, the said slits extending from
the central hole to near the circumference, the metal between these slits forming an
angular tongue, which can be bent out of the plane of the other part of the disc.
When the said tongue is thus bent the head of the wire can enter the angular
opening thereby mado near the centre of the disc, and after the said head of the
wire has been passed through the said opening it may be introduced into the small
hole in the middle of the disc. By restoring the tongue to the plane of the other
part of the disc, the opening which was made by raising it is closed, and the wire
cannot now be withdrawn from the hole in the disc. The button is thus securely
attached. In order to detach a button attached by my Invention it is only
necessary to bend the tongue out of the plane of the other part of the disc, when
the head of the wire can readily pass out of the opening thus formed in the disc,
and the wire hooked to the button can be withdrawn from the article.
Instead of hooking the headed wire to the button, as described, a short straight
headed wire may be employed. This is passed first through a small hole in a metal
disc without the tongue described; the wire is next passed through the article from
the back, and its end having been passed through the looped shauk of the button,
it is bent by a pair of plyers or otherwise into a hook form, or otherwise bent so as
to fix it to the shank of the button.
My Invention is applicable to the attaching of buttons to various articles other
than articles of dress, such, for example, as purses, reticules, and straps or bands.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND WINDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Porritt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1880.
JAMES PORRITT, of Milnsbridge, near Huddersfield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND WINDING WOOL
AND OTHER FIBRES."
This Invention relates to apparatus for drawing, spinning, twisting, and winding
fibrous materials by means of one or more pairs of revolving nipping rollers and a
revolving tube or tubes.
The improvements herein consists in a new arrangement of parts and in the
method of driving same.
A square or rectangular frame is provided having a tube fixed at its top and
bottom end through which the fibre is passed. Upon the bottom tube is fixed a
wharle which gives rotary motion to the tubes and frame, and upon this bottom
tube is a loose collar or boss driven by means of a wheel and worm, which
communicates rotary motion to one of the nipping rollers by another worm and
wheel. The nipping rollers may be geared together by spur wheels, or one may
drive the other by frictional contact. The tubes and frame are driven independently
of the nipping rollers, and their speeds are also regulated independently of the
nipping rollers. Instead of the spindles being fixed in stationary frame work, as
at present, they may be fixed in the square or rectangular frame referred to above
and the bottom tube dispensed with. When it is intended to wind the yarn
direct onto a bobbin or drum, I employ in combination with the above arrangement
another pair of rollers driven by worm and wheel, and upon these latter named
rollers the bobbin or drum is placed with its centres or axis in vertical grooves of
the frame, capable of sliding up and down therein, so that as the bobbin or drum
gets larger in diameter it is free to rise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS FOR INVALIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alfred Daniel and Richard
Whiteley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June
1880.
JAMES ALFRED DANIEL, Plumber and Engineer, and RICHARD WHITELEY,
Cabinet and Piano Forte Maker, both of Halifax, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS FOR INVALIDS."
This Invention relates to beds for invalids, and the object is to so construct such-
beds that the patient need not be removed from bed for sanitary purposes, nor
disturbed by the insertion of sanitary vessels into the bed.
Beds as aforesaid, and constructed according to this our Invention, have an
apperture therein, which when the bed is in ordinary use is closed by a padded or
upholstered disc; the latter is connected by an arm with a cross shaft or rail under
the frame of the bed. At the extremity of the shaft is a handle or lever, by means
of which the disc can be raised or lowered.
When the apparatus is in use for sanitary purposes the disc is lowered, and
radiates on its axis clear of the aperture, under which a vessel or receptacle is
placed, the patient not being disturbed in any way.
The bed is also provided with a back rest, which may be used, but not
necessarily so.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING SKINS INTO LEATHER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1880.
RICHARD BROWN, of Ayr, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Manufacturing
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING SKINS INTO LEATHER."
This Invention comprises improved processes to be substituted for the ordinary
tanuing process of converting skins into leather, and it consists principally in
forming in the substance of the skins an insoluble chromate of lead or other
suitable metal.
In carrying out the Invention in the case of moderately thick skins, these are
first unhaired, and subjected to the preliminary treatment usually employed
preparatory to tanning. The skins are first steeped for about 24 hours in a weak
solution of sulphuric, hydrochloric, oxalic, or acetic acid, the solution containing
about one part acid in one hundred parts water.
In the second stage the skins are steeped in a solution of five to ten parts
bichromate of potash or of soda in one hundred parts water, which is maintained
at a temperature of 80 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. This steeping is continued for
about 24 hours, the skins being repeatedly turned over or suspended, or otherwise
held or moved so as to insure thorough and uniform permeation of the solution.
At the third stage the skins which have been treated as herein before described
for the second stage are steeped in a solution of five to ten parts of acetate or
nitrate of lead in a hundred parts water, which is maintained at a temperature
of 80 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. This steeping may be continued for 24 to 48
hours, after which the skins are treated with a very weak solution of a salt of iron,
such as the sulphate. Or this treatment with a salt of iron may be applied between
the second and third stages.
The skins are afterwards dried very slowly.
When at the first stage the skins are treated with hydrochloric, oxalic, or acetic
acid, the second and third stages may be transposed, the treatment with the
bichromate being made subsequent to that with a lead salt.
In some cases chloride of barium may be substituted for the lead salt, and when
hydrochloric acid is used at the first stage the treatment-with-chloride-of barium-
should precede that with bichromate of potash or of soda, but may follow it in
other cases.

page_text: The combinations of processes hereinbefore described are suitable for heavy.
leather, but when light or "upper" leather is to be made the first-stage treatment
with acid should be omitted; and in all cases the strengths of the solutions and
the durations of the steepings must be modified to suit differences in the thickness
or quality of the skins.
A bisulphate may be substituted for sulphuric acid in the first stage, and a
chromate may be substituted for the bichromate, allowance being made for the
different percentage of chromic acid therein; also in some cases chromic acid may
be used instead of a salt thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEQUES, BILLS, DRAFTS, ACCEPTANCES, AND PROMISSORY NOTES, TO PREVENT FRAUDULENT USE OF THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Thomas King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1880.
ALFRED THOMAS KING, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEQUES, BILLS, DRAFTS, ACCEPTANCES, AND PROMISSORY
NOTES, TO PREVENT FRAUDULENT USE OF THE SAME."
Upon the blank form of either of the five documents above mentioned, I cause
to be engraved, impressed, or otherwise formed on the left side thereof a vertical
column of numerals, commencing with nought at the top and ending with nine at
the bottom, to the left of which are nine other columns; the one nearest to the
columns of numerals bears the words one hundred pounds, each succeeding column
bearing the words to denote an additional hundred pounds, the ninth column bearing
the words nine hundred pounds; each column reads from the bottom to the top.
On the right side of the same form are five or more other vertical columns, the
first nearest the blank form has the words one thousand pounds, each next
adjacent column increasing one thousand pounds in value. The words to the
right of the form read from the top downwards. Now suppose I fill in the form
to represent three thousand nine hundred and fifty-three pounds, after stating that
ninount in writing and also in figures, and sign my name thereto, I then put the
figure 3 against the five in the column to the left first named, thus representing fifty-
three pounds. I leave the whole of the three columns to the left as far as three
thousand attached to the form and tear off the other columns to the right, and as I do
not tear off any of the columns to the left of the form the cheque or other form will
then represent a value of three thousand nine hundred and fifty three pounds, and
consequently, as there is not anything to indicate a greater amount, it cannot be
fraudalently altered, except for a smaller amount, and the counterfoil will represent
the difference between the amount drawn and the sum of four thousand pounds.
But suppose I wish to draw a form to represent less than ten pounds, the whole of
the columns above described will have to be torn off, the signed form then
representing something less than ten pounds. Thus the writing, figures, and size of
the form represent thrice over the single value of the form.
Each of the columns above described form part of the printed, engraved, embossed,
or otherwise formed blank form, but each column is slightly perforated from top to
bottom to facilitate the severance from the counterfoil or the extra column at the
right end, and where the perforations occur black or other coloured lines may be
formed thereon.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kendall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1880.
THOMAS KENDALL, of Shipley, near Leeds, in the County of York.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS."
" IMPROVE-
Firstly. My improvements have reference to the rail and sleeper. The top
portion of the rail is of ordinary construction, but that part which beds on the
sleeper I make of an angular form, so that pressure coming upon it tightens it upon
the sleeper and prevents its removal out of position, requiring thereby less keying
or otherwise fastening down than rails generally used. In my arrangement the
rail is readily removed without disturbing the sleeper. The sleeper is grooved on
its upper surface in an angular form to receive the rail.
Secondly. In order to prevent grooving or wearing away of that part of the road
next to the rails, I provide what I call " 'groove preventers;" these are blocks
formed of metal, and are dovetailed into flanges on each side of the sleeper, and
take the place of an ordinary paving next to the rail. By being dovetailed as
herein before mentioned into the flanges of the sleeper, traffic may pass over
without disturbing them. The dovetailed part is so arranged that it may be
released without disturbing the sleeper. These blocks or "groove preventers" may
be arranged in a diagonal or other convenient direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Teale, of Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County of
York, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Teale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1880.
" IMPROVE-
JAMES TEALE, of Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County of York.
MENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND
ECONOMISING FUEL."
The object of my improvements is to burn or consume the smoke or products of
combustion arising from boiler furnaces in which fuel is being burnt, so as to
prevent the nuisance arising from the non-combustion of such smoke, whereby an
increased heat is génerated, and consequently less fuel is required.
My improvements are applicable to Cornish and other boilers having internal
flues.
In the interior of the flue I provide by preference two bridges, allowing between
them sufficient space for the passage of air. This opening is fitted with a valve or
lid, which may be closed at pleasure or automatically. The motion for effecting
the closing of such valve or door automatically is effected gradually by a pendulum
movement through suitable gearing and a weight or spring, which are brought
into operation by opening or closing the door of the furnace or by the attendant.
Beyond the bridge and within the flue I provide a lining of considerable length
made of firebrick, fitting at its lower portion closely to the flue, and leaving space
over the upper portion thereof and the inner surface of the flue. I also provide
any required number of air passages through the firebrick lining. This lining, by
the heat from the fire, becomes extremely heated, and the products of combustion
or smoke coming in contact therewith, or as they pass through or over it, becomes
ignited, causing by such ignition additional heat, consequently less fuel is
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAW SHAKERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Kesseler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1880. A communication from
Heinrich Meier, of Aerzen, in the Empire of Germany.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAW SHAKERS."
A communication from Heinrich Meier, of Aerzen, in the Empire of Germany.
The object of this Invention is to simplify and cheapen the construction of straw
shakers, or the corn-cleansing part of threshing machines, also to increase their
durability, which object is thus attained :-
I provide and fix a number (say 4 or 6) of long chests or troughs, united together
side by side, hereinafter called "shaking troughs," which are operated by a crank-
shaft or shafts; these shaking troughs are provided with triangular cross-pieces or
battens (somewhat thus in cross-section
both on their upper and under sides.
Below these shaking troughs is the fixed plain bottom of the apparatus, which at
its lower end is formed into a sieve. At the side of or near this sieve I fix in a
slanting position shovel-shaped boards for conveying the broken pieces of straw
and other rubbish away, either at the end or side-ways.
In operating this improved shaker, a reciprocating or intermittent motion is
given to the said shaking troughs by the said crank shaft or shafts, which shakes
out the grain from the straw, and carries such grain back into the apparatus to
separate it from the broken straw and other rubbish with which it is mixed. The
said triangular cross pieces at each retrograde movement push the undressed grain
on to the sieve, through which, by the intermittent movement thereof, the grain
passes, leaving therein the broken straw and other rubbish as usual, which is carried
by the said slanting boards through a side opening in the apparatus, or this refuse
may be again passed through the threshing machine and be taken away with the
long straw. The threshed straw on falling upon the shaking troughs, is carried
away by the said cross-pieces in the opposite direction to that of the grain.
The cross pieces on the underside of the shaking troughs may be partly or
entirely replaced by pins or other similar projections, especially over the sieve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING DIFFERENT COLORED COATING FOR THE PREPARATION OF SKINS AND THE PRESERVATION OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Fernbach at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1880.
EDOUARD FERNBACH, of Nancy, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING DIFFERENT COLORED COATING FOR THE PREPARATION
OF SKINS AND THE PRESERVATION OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
The different colors applied to leather hitherto made use of for the manufacture
of boots, shoes, gaiters, and other purposes, have always labored under the great
disadvantage of rapid deterioration by wear, and the absence of any practical or
easy system for recoloring them. To remedy these evils I have composed certain
coloring materials for leather with a greasy basis. For this purpose I make use of
powders or liquid coloring matters of any shade or hue, which I mix with all kinds
of greasy matter in order to form blacking and similar coatings of different colors.
All the receipts for blacking employed by curriers can also be used for my new
colored compositions by simply substituting to the black used such colors as may
be required.
When leather or skins, thus prepared and colored, employed for boots and shoes,
gaiters, harness, hoods for carriages, and other articles, lose their color by wear, the
same can be renewed with a fresh coating of my coloring matter laid on and
brushed, whereby it is rendered as brilliant as ordinary blacking.
The different colors applied to leather hitherto made use of for the manufacture
of boots, shoes, gaiters, and other purposes, have always labored under the great
disadvantage of rapid deterioration by wear, and the absence of any practical or
easy system for recoloring them. To remedy these evils I have composed certain
coloring materials for leather with a greasy basis. For this purpose I make use of
powdered or liquid coloring matters of any shade, or which I mix with all kinds
of greasy matters in order to form blacking and similar coatings of different
colors.
The following receipt may be recommended:-I take a suitable coloring matter
in a powdered or liquid state and mix the same with an adhesive matter, such as
dextrin, gum, molasses, flour, starch, etc., and with vinegar until a paste of the
required color is obtained. To this mixture I add about one fifth of sulphuric
acid by weight, and finally add a certain quantity of olive oil to render the mass
fatty.

page_text: All the receipts for blacking employed by curriers can also be used for my new
colored compositions by simply substituting to the black used such colors as may
be required. When leather or skins thus prepared, and colored employed for boots
and shoes, gaiters, harness, hoods for carriages, and other articles, loose their color
by wear; the same can be renewed with a fresh coating of my coloring matter laid
on and brushed, whereby it is rendered as brilliant as ordinary blacking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS FOR CONCRETE AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mingay Tall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1880.
JOSEPH MINGAY TALL, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Concrete Builder.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS FOR CONCRETE AND OTHER
BUILDINGS."
This Invention consists in a novel construction of concrete roof for concrete and
other buildings, whereby the difficulties hitherto experienced in obtaining a water-
proof concrete roof will be overcome.
In carrying out my Invention I use rectangular slabs of concrete, either flat
or curved and of any desired dimensions. These slabs are cast with a grooved rib
along the top edge and a hooked projection, also grooved but on the underside,
along the bottom edge, so that when placed in position the hooked projection of
one slab shall overlie the rib on the top of the abutting slab. The side edges of
some of the slabs are cast with ribs and others with hooked projections, and the
slabs so formed are laid alternately, the hooked projection of one slab overlying
the ribs on the edges of the two abutting slabs.
In the grooves on the ribs I lay lengths of india rubber tubing, which when the
slabs are in position take into the grooves on the underside of the hooked
projections, and thus not only a perfectly water and wind tight joint is formed, but
the shrinkage of the slabs is provided for.
The framework of the roof consists only of purlines which are supported by
gables or the party walls. The number of these purlines will of course depend
upon the span of the roof, and additional supports will be provided when necessary.
The purlines I prefer to form of half battens, which are cut in half longitudinally
and then screwed together with a length of fender plate, T shaped, or other
angular iron between them. This plate should project beyond the edge of the
batten about the thickness of the slabs, so as to form with the batten a rebate into
which the slabs are dropped.
If desired, those slabs with ribs at the sides may have semi circular projections
on the undersides which will cover the joints between two abutting slabs.
The slabs may be cast with a fine face, or the face may be put on when the
slabs are in place.

page_text: I also prefer to form the roof of an arched or dome shape, by which means I
am enabled to obtain a room in the roof, which is a matter of great consideration
for cottages.
The slabs may be ornamented on their underside, and mouldings may be secured
to the purlines to give an ornamental character to the roof. It will be evident
that a roof constructed as above described is equally applicable to brick buildings,
sheds, and similar structures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR CLOSERS FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wallace Bowen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1880.
WALLACE BOWEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Electro Plate
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR CLOSERS FOR BOTTLES."
My Invention has reference principally to stoppers or closers for stopping or
closing ale and wine bottles, but my said Invention is also applicable to stoppers for
bottles generally.
My said Invention consists in the improvements herein after described, in
constructing and arranging the parts of the said stoppers or closers.
Stoppers or closers made according to my Invention are efficient in action,
economical in manufacture, and may be rapidly applied to and removed from
bottles.
In constructing a stopper or closer according to my Invention, I make by
preference from sheet metal a disc of about the same size as the mouth of the
bottle to be stopped. On the edge of this disc two, three, or more radial arms are
situated. The said disc and radial arms may be conveniently made by pressing or
stamping from sheet metal. The said radial arms are turned nearly but not quite
at right angles to the disc. The extreme end of each arm is turned inwards so as
to give a hook like termination to the arm. On the outer side of the arms projections
or teeth are formed.
To the under or inner side of the metallic disc a circular block of india rubber
is affixed the lower edge of the block, being bevilled so as to give the block a
tapering or conical figure.
Around the arms a metallic ring is placed, the said ring being prevented from
passing off the arms upwards by shoulders near the junction of the arms with
the disc, and from passing off the arms downwards by the outward inclination of
the arms.
The stopper is used in the following manner :-
The ring being raised to its highest position, the stopper is placed upon the
mouth of the bottle, the india rubber block partly entering and closing the mouth
of the bottle. The arms surround the upper part of the neck, and the hooked ends
of the arms engage under the shoulder near the mouth of the bottle. The ring is
now pressed downwards when it forces inwards the arms and makes them grip the

page_text: neck of the bottle tightly, the ring retaining the position to which it has been
brought by engaging with the teeth on the arms. When the stopper is thus fixed
on the mouth of the bottle, the conical india rubber plug or block is pressed tightly
upon and securely closes the mouth of the bottle. In order to remove the stopper
from the bottle, it is only necessary to press the ring upwards when the 'grip of the
arms on the neck of the bottle is relaxed, and the stopper can be removed.