IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE JOINTS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Phillips, of Hammersmith, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PIPE JOINTS."
Sealed the 2nd June 1874, and dated the 16th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,' on the
16th December 1873.
I, JOHN PHILLIPS, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE JOINTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a method of forming tight joints for pipes of
metal, stoneware, fire-clay, earthenware, glass, cement, concrete, or other
material used for the conveyance of sewage, water, or other liquids, of
air, gas, or other fluids, and of letters, parcels, and other goods. For

page_text: this purpose I form the end of the one pipe as a spigot and the end of
the other pipe as a faucet. The point of the spigot is made slightly
tapering, and at some distance from the point there is formed on the
spigot a tapering collar of larger diameter. The interior of the faucet
is made with two like tapering parts, so that when the spigot is inserted
into the faucet the point of the former fits or nearly fits the bak
tapering part of the faucet, while the tapering collar of the spigot fits or
nearly fits the front tapering part of the faucet, and within the joint
there is an annular cavity between the two fitting or nearly fitting
parts.
In the periphery of the faucet I provide one or more apertures, by
which when the pipes have been put together I pour liquid cement or
molten metal, or fused asphalt, or other bituminous material, or
introduce other cementing substance so as to fill the annular cavity
around the spigot.
In some cases I provide in the fitting or nearly fitting parts of the
spigot and faucet, one or more annular grooves, in which I place a ring
or rings of caoutchouc, tarred hemp, spun yarn, or other yielding
material before the pipes are put together, such ring or rings having the
effect of preventing the escape of the material used for filling the
annular cavity, and in combination with that filling of rendering the
joint tight against leakage. By this method of jointing the pipes are
rendered concentric with one another.
For better supporting pipes jointed in this manner when the faucet
extends beyond the body of the pipe I prefer to form on the spigot
end a collar of diameter equal to that of the faucet, so that both pipes
may have a fair bearing on the ground on which they are laid.
Pipes jointed in the manner above described can be readily taken
apart without injuring them, and when so taken apart the annular filling
in can be removed so that the pipes can be again in like manner jointed a
together or to other pipes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PHILLIPS, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Phillips, Her special
license that I, the said John Phillips, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Phillips, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE
JOINTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Phillips,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Phillips, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to a method of forming tight joints for pipes
of metal, stoneware, fire-clay, earthenware, glass, cement, concrete, or
other material used for the conveyance of sewage, water, or other liquids,
of air, gas, or other fluids, and of letters, parcels, and other goods. For
this purpose I form the end of the one pipe as a spigot, and the end of

page_text: the other pipe as a faucet. The point of the spigot is made slightly
tapering, and at some distance from the point there is formed on the
spigot a tapering collar of larger diameter. The interior of the faucet is
made with two like tapering parts, so that when the spigot is inserted
into the faucet the point of the former fits or nearly fits the back
tapering part of the faucet, while the tapering collar of the spigot fits
or nearly fits the front tapering part of the faucet, and within the joint
there is an annular cavity between the two fitting or nearly fitting
parts.
In the periphery of the faucet I provide one or more apertures by 1
which, when the pipes have been put together, I pour liquid cement or
molten metal, or fused asphalt, or other bituminous material, or
introduce other cementing substance, so as to fill the annular cavity
around the spigot.
In some cases I provide in the fitting or nearly fitting parts of the
spigot and faucet one or more annular grooves, in which I place a ring
or rings of caoutchouc, tarred hemp, spun yarn, or other yielding
material before the pipes are put together, such ring or rings having the
effect of preventing the escape of the material used for filling the
annular cavity, and in combination with that filling of rendering the
joint tight against leakage. By this method of jointing the pipes are
rendered concentric with one another.
For better supporting pipes jointed in this manner, when the faucet
extends beyond the body of the pipe, I prefer to form on the spigot end
a collar of diameter cqual to that of the faucet, so that both pipes may
have a fair bearing on the ground on which they are laid.
Pipes jointed in the manner above described can be readily taken
apart without injuring them, and when so taken apart, the annular
filling in can be removed, so that the pipes can be again in like manner
jointed together or to other pipes. ·
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section of portions of two pipes made
of cement, concrete, or other like material, with their joint formed
according to my Invention; Fig. 1ª represents a transverse section
through the joint. The spigot S is made tapering with the tapering
collar s, and the faucet F is also made tapering with a fillet f, so that

page_text: when the spigot is inserted into the faucet there is an annular cavity c,
which is filled with the jointing material poured in through an aperture a
in the faucet. It is preferred to make this aperture of such width,
measured round the circumference, that the jointing material in a fluid
or semi-fluid condition can be poured in close to one end of the hole so
as to permit a free escape for the air from the cavity towards the
opposite end of the hole.
Fig. 2 represents a joint of similar character with the cavity c some-
what modified in form. The aperture a for pouring in the jointing
material, instead of being formed directly through the faucet, may be
formed as a channel a¹ in the spigot.
Fig. 3 represents a joint similar to that shewn in Fig. 1, the faucet in
this case having an exterior diameter larger than the pipe. itself..
Fig. 4 represents a joint similar to that shewn in Fig. 2, applied to a
pipe having an enlarged faucet. Also on the spigot is formed a sup-
porting rim or projection P to the same diameter as the exterior of the
faucet, which projection may be a collar carried all round the pipe as
indicated by the dotted lines P¹. I prefer, however, to make it as a
rim extending only partially round the under side of the pipe, as shewn
in the transverse section, Fig. 5, its object being to support the spigot
end of the pipe when it is laid as shewn in Fig. 5.
In Figs. 3 and 4 6 are the rings of gasket or other yielding material
inserted in grooves in the spigot for the purpose of preventing the
jointing material from leaking out from the cavity c. These rings also
serve to centre the spigot within the faucet so as to render the interior
surfaces of the two pipes continuous.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,-
First. The method substantially as herein described of jointing pipes
by forming the spigot and faucet thereof in such manner that when
the one is inserted into the other there is presented between them an
annular cavity, which is filled in with jointing material, the said cavity
being of such taper form that after the jointing material has set, the
pipes can be readily disjointed.
Second. The method substantially as herein described of securing the
concentricity of pipes jointed in the manner referred to above, and of

page_text: retaining the fluid jointing material within the cavity of the joint by
means of rings of gasket or other yielding material.
Third. The construction of the spigot ends of pipes jointed in the
manner referred to above, with supporting collars or rims, either entirely
or partially surrounding the same, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Phillips, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.