IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philippe Koch, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR SCREW BOLTS."
i
Sealed the 14th April 1870, and dated the 13th December 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philippe Koch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1869.
I, PHILIPPE Kocп, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR
SCREW BOLTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of various self-acting
mechanical movements for the purpose of making untapped hexagon
or other shaped nuts more perfectly and economically than has hitherto
been attained. In the framework of the machine there is a horizontal

page_text: passage for leading the heated bar under a die of a hexagon or other
shape, and below the die and corresponding with it there is a ram or
plunger which is moved up and drawn by a lever worked from the back
or driving shaft of the machine, and above the die there is a cup or recess
having a central hole and an angular edge, there being in line with the
hole a spring pin held to the framework. When hexagon nuts are to be
made I employ above the die four horizontal hammers having angular
ends corresponding with the sides of the nut, and two hammers are
placed longitudinally, and the other two transversely, and all the
hammers have the necessary movements and pauses imparted to them
by cams of the required shapes. Near the die there is a punch for
punching the hole in the nut, and near the punch a flattener for
smoothing the top of the nut, both being worked by levers actuated by
cams on the back shaft of the machine. When the machine is set to
work and the heated bar passed under the die the ram rises and forces
the metal through the die to form the sides of the nut, and as the ram
passes through the top of the die it presses the top of the nut against
the spring pin which holds it central with the angular edged cup, into
which the ram forces the nut to have its edges champhered. The ram
now slightly descends to loosen the nut from the spring pin, and then
one of the longitudinal hammers forces the nut against the other longi-
tudinal hammer to smooth four sides of the nut, after which the
hammers move back and the two transverse hammers advance to smooth
the other sides of the nut, and at the same time hold it under the punch,
which now descends and punches a hole in it. The transverse hammers
now move away from the nut and one of the longitudinal hammers
moves sideways, after which the other longitudinal hammer pushes the
nut against the side moved hammer, which is then put in motion to
push the nut under the descending flattener to have its top smoothed,
after which the finished untapped nut is removed by a spring in the
usual manner, and as the various movements follow each other with
great rapidity the nuts are manufactured with great expedition, and by
slightly modifying the hammers square nuts are made in the same.
manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Philippe Koch in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th June 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILIPPE
Kocч, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors
give and grant unto me, the said Philippe Koch, Her special license
that I, the said Philippe Koch, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Philippe Koch, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR SCREW BOLTS,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Philippe Koch, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Philippe Koch, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):
:-
This Invention consists in the employment of various self-acting
mechanical movements for the purpose of making untapped square,
hexagon, or other shaped nuts more perfectly and economically than has
hitherto been attained.
The manner in which my Invention is to be performed will be clearly
understood by the following particular description thereof, reference
being had to the figures and letters on the accompanying two Sheets of
Drawings in which Figs. 1 and 2 are front and end elevations; and Fig. 3,

page_text: a plan of one of my improved machines for manufacturing square
untapped nuts; Fig. 4, a plan of the same with some of the parts
removed; Figs. 5 and 6, sections of some of the parts; Figs. 7 and 8,
enlarged sections of parts of Figs. 5 and 6; Fig. 9, a transverse section;
and Fig. 10, a plan of the bed and other parts of the machine with
certain modifications of some of the movements; and Fig. 11, a plan of
parts adapted for making hexagon nuts. On the standards or framo-
work a there is a bed or table 6 having a horizontal passage c for leading
the heated bar d under a stationary cutter e, and below the cutter and
corresponding with it there is a square ram or plunger f connected to
the slide a working in guides h. The slide and ram are moved up by the
lever i worked by a cam j on the cam cylinder k fixed to the driving
shaft and moved down by the spring m, and above the cutter there is a
metal block n having a hole central with the ram or plunger, and a
cup 1, Figs 7 and 8, with an angular circular edge central with the
hole, there being in the hole a spring pin o, Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6, guided
at the top in a hole in the plate p fixed to the guide q and acted upon
by the spring when required. Above the cutter e there are four
horizontal hammers s, t, u, v, having ends corresponding with the sides
of the nut, the hammers being stationary, and the others moved against
the sides of the blank by the levers w, x, y, worked one way by cams a¹, b',
c¹, d', on the cylinder k, and the reverse way by springs, the lever w and
slide e acting on the slide f', which carries the hammer t. Near the
cutter there is a punch g' fixed to an ordinary slide z and passed
through the hole n in the block n, Fig. 8, for punching the hole
in the blank, and near the punch in a hole behind the slide there is
a rod having at the bottom a flattener for smoothing the top
of the nut, both punch and flattener being worked one way by the
lever actuated by the cam k¹ on the cylinder k, and the other way by
springs, m. The spring presses the shoulder of the spring pin o on the
top of the plate n when the pin is in its lowest position with its bottom
end just above the metal bar, and when the machine is set to work and
the heated bar d passed under the cutter e the ram f rises and forces
the metal against the cutter and the spring pin, and cuts off the
end of the bar to form the blank, which is now held squarely and
oentrally between the ram and pin, and as the ram still further rises
it presses the top of the blank into the angular edged cup n to have
its edges champhered. The ram now descends to lower the blank from
the cup and from the spring pin, which pin is prevented from descending

page_text: below the cup by the arm n' acted upon by the cam o' on the cylinder k,
after which motion is given to the hammers t, u, v, the hammer t
first placing the blank under the punch in front of the stationary
hammer & by the action of the cam a¹, and then all the hammers
move simultaneously to squeeze and smooth the sides, the hammer u
being acted upon by the cam c¹, the hammer by the cam b', and
the hammer by the cam d' which forces the inclined end of the
slide e against the inclined end of the slide 1 after it has taken
the hammer to its first forward position, and at the same time the
blank is being squeezed the punch descends to punch the hole and be
afterwards raised by the spring A. For enabling the nut to be placed
under the flattener I connect a spring stop p¹ to the fulcrum of the
lever and form on the hammer an incline for allowing the front
of the spring stop to be lowered and afterwards raised. When the
punch is raised the hammers u and are moved by the spring q', rod,
and springs back from the nut, and then the hammer v is moved
sideways by the cam and slide u¹ to the position shown by the dotted
lines, Fig. 4, to allow the front end of the spring stop to be lowered by its
own elasticity, and at the same time the hammer t is caused by the
action of another part of the cam a² to advance and place the nut
against the spring stop, after which the hammer t is moved back by a
spring and the hammer is returned to its original position by the
spring &¹ and rod r¹, and in the act of returning the hammer places the
nut under the flattener 2 which now descends and flattens or smooths
the top of the nut, after which the finished untapped nut is removed
through the hole and spout o¹ by the spring lever w¹ in the usual manner
by the cam, and as the various movements follow each other with
extreme rapidity the untapped nuts are manufactured with great
When desired instead of employing two parts of one lever for
acting on the punch and flattener I use a separate lever for each, and
fix the flattener direct to a strong spring, and in some cases I employ an
additional hammer or squeezer for regulating the width of the metal
previous to its being cut off from the bar and raised by the plunger.
These modifications are shewn in Figs. 9 and 10, in which 6 represents
the bed or table of the machine; d, the heated bar; k, the cam cylinder
to which the cams are fixed; 8, the stationary hammer; u, v, two
moveable hammers; x, y, the levers for working them; g', the punch;

page_text: and z, the slide to which it is fixed. To the bed or table 6 is screwed
a strong spring a having a projecting surface 6%, used as a flattener,
there being in contact with the spring a ram fitted in a groove
in the frame behind the slide 2, and for giving motion to the punch
and flattener there are two levers d, e, working on the stud or pin f*,
the lever d² moving the punch up and down by means of the cams
g, h, levers and link and the lever es moving the flattener down
by the action of the cam, the return or lifting movement of the
flattener being caused by the spring a when the action of the cam
ceases. The additional hammer or squeezer for regulating the width
of the metal previous to its being cut off the bar is placed below
the hammer t, Figs. 3 and 4, and in Fig. 10 it is marked m³, the
hammer t being removed to enable the parts to be clearly seen. The
hammer m³ is worked one way by the lever n³, slide o², and cam p³ on
the cam cylinder k, so that just before the heated metal is raised to
be acted upon by the cutter the hammer shall press it against the
side of the passage and regulate its width. The flattener is in line
with the punch and the hammer notched at the end as shewn at
q, so that when moved to the position shewn by the dotted lines it
can form a stop for the nut pushed by the hammer t, Figs. 3 and 4,
under the flattener, and when the nut is flattened the hammer in
returning to its first position by the action of the spring &¹ and rod
jerks the finished untapped nut into the hole to fall through the
spouts to any suitable receptacle.
When hexagon nuts are to be made I employ a die and a ram or
plunger of a corresponding shape, and use a cup with an angular
edge, a spring pin, a punch, and a flattener similar to those before
described and worked in the same manner. Above the die there are
four horizontal hammers u³, v³, wo³, x³, Fig. 11, having ends corresponding
with the sides of the nut, two hammers being placed longitudinally
and the other two transversely, and instead of one hammer being
stationary as described for the square nuts they are all moved one way
by cams fixed to the cam cylinder on the driving shaft, and the other
way by springs or cams. After the blank is roughly formed and
champhered the hammer * forces the blank against the advancing
hammer to smooth four sides of the blank and place it under the
punch, after which these hammers move back and the two hammers
103, x, advance to complete the smoothing of the blank and hold it
until it is punched, and as these two hammers operate on the six sides

page_text: of the blank there is no burr or unevenness and the sides of the punched
nut are smoothed in a very effectual manner. For enabling the top of
the nut to be flattened or smoothed and the nut removed from the
bed or table the transverse hammers w³, x³, move back and the nut is
6 placed against the spring stop by the hammer * and afterwards
flattened and removed by operations similar to those for the square
nuts.
The levers and slides before described for working the hammers are
actuated one way by cams and returned by springs, but in all cases
> when desired I use cams for giving the movements in both directions.
The ram or plunger for pressing the metal to the cutter is described.
as being raised from below and the spring pin, punch, and flattener
descending to perform their work, but it is evident that the bed and
working parts may be placed at right angles to the positions shewn in
the Drawings and horizontal motion given to the ram, spring pin, punch,
and flattener instead of vertical.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim,-
First. The system of forcing the metal bar in contact with a stationary
cutter from below when the ram is worked vertically, and from behind
when worked horizontally.
Secondly. The spring pin o, Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6 with its spring r for
keeping the bar flat and steady when being cut and keeping the cut
blank central with the cup n' as it rises to be champhered, and also the
lever n' with its corresponding cam for preventing the bottom of the
spring pin from passing below the cup when the hammer t is advancing
to move the blank to be punched.
Thirdly. The combined use of the stationary hammer s and moveable
hammers t, u, v, to cause the blanks to be placed below the punch and
have their sides shaped or finished at the same time.
Fourthly. The system of moving the hammer v sideways for allowing
the nut to be moved by the hammer t from the punch in a straight line
to the under side of the flattener and be pushed off after being
flattened by the return movement of the hammer to its original
position, as shewn in Fig. 10, and also the movement of the hammer
sideways in connection with the spring holder p' for enabling the nut to

page_text: be placed under the flattener, and when finished to be pushed off by the
spring w¹, as shewn in Fig. 4.
And, fifthly. The employment of four hammers for finishing the sides
of hexagon nuts as described, two hammers having each two sides for
squeezing and smoothing four sides of the blank, and two other hammers
having each three sides for smoothing and finishing all the sides of the
blank, and at the same time holding it firmly under the punch to be
punched.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philippe Koch, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Philippe
Koch, in the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
PHILIPPE KOCH. (L.S.)