Barrels, and in Apparatus for such Manufacture.
Year: 1884

page_text: his Specification was, upon the 11th day of March 1889, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Barrels, and in Apparatus for such Manufacture.
AND
1 FREDERICK ANDREW of Burnt Ash in the County of Kent, Accountant, do
hereby declaro the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE of BARKELS AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUCH
MANUFACTURE to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of the staves and hoops for the
manufacture of barrels or casks, and to the apparatus by which such staves
and hoop strips are subsequently formed into the barrel or cask. According to
this invention, the staves are first cut to the desired size, and a sufficient number
are placed side by side until the combined width of such staves equal the
circumference of the barrel or cask desired to be made. The staves are preferably
placed upon a nailing or rivetting table provided with suitable grooves for the
reception of the inner, upper and lower hoop strips which are laid therein. Over
the staves are then placed the external hoop strips, and the same together with the
internal strips are securely nailed or rivetted to the staves, a sufficient length
of the strip extending over the last stave to enable it to be overlapped and secured
when the barrel or cask is subsequently formed. This forming I prefer to do upon
a vertical collapsible drum, (the circumference of which equals the combined width
of the connected staves) mounted upon suitable frame work and provided upon one
side with an upright stationary bar or catch against which the connected staves are
placed. One or more centrally pivotted vertical rollers are provided capable of
travelling around the drum in close proximity thereto, for the purpose of bending
the connected staves around the vertical drum and thus forming the barrel or cask;
said rollers and also the drum itself being provided with grooved recesses within
which the hoop strips find a bearing. The connected staves being bent around the
drum, the overlapping hoop strips are nailed or rivetted to the stave or strip
beyond the point of junction and this may be readily accomplished by having that
portion of the drum beneath the point of contact, made of metal which will cause
a nail if driven through the staves and hoops upon it, to be bent back or rivetted
upon the staves or hoops as the case may be. The drum itself is preferably made
of three or more sections binged together and collapsible inwardly so that after the
barrel or cask cylinder is formed, the drum may be collapsed and the barrel
cylinder readily removed therefrom, the "bottoms" and heads being subsequently

page_text: fixed in the ordinary way or if it is desired, the top of the drum may be fitted
with inwardly projecting flanges so that one end of the barrel may be put in place
before removing it from the drum. In this case the catches or levers which hold
the drum open while the barrel is being formed thereon would be released from
below. The form of apparatus described will be remarkably cheap to manufacture
as compared with the barrel making machinery now in use and the method
of preparing the staves and hoop bands in the form of a combined strip renders
them readily and cheaply transportable while capable of being rapidly formed into
barrels or casks which may be lined or coated with any desired material or
substance.
DH 1
1
an
1004
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
For Frederick Andrew.
1, FREDERICK ANDREW of Burnt Ash in the County of Kent-Accountant do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF BARRELS AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUCH
MANUFACTURE," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the an improved manner of preparationing flexible sheets
of the staves and hoops strips subsequently used for in the manufacture of barrels or
casks and to the apparatus by which such sheets of staves and hoop strips may be
formed into the barrel or cask cylinder.
To clearly explain my invention reference is made to the accompanying drawings
which form part of this specification and in which the same letters of reference refer
to corresponding parts.
Figure 1 represents the a flat sheet of staves when secured to the hoops strips and
before being formed into the barrel cylinder.
Figure 2 and 4 represent in elevation apparatus by which such strips or sheets
of connected staves may be formed into the barrel cylinder and Fig 3
represents a plan of Fig 2 According to this invention the staves a a, are first
cut to the desired size and a sufficient number are placed side by side (but in the
case of unbevelled staves not quite touching each other) until the total width of
such staves equals the circumference of the barrel or cask desired to be made.
In case a "crate barrel" for the carriage of fruit vegetables and other articles
requiring the admission of air during transit is required to be made, suitable
spaces may conveniently be left between said staves. The staves are preferably
placed upon a mailing or rivetting table provided with suitable grooves for the
-

page_text: reception of the hoop strips which are laid therein or and over the staves are
placed the external hoop strips bb. the same being securely nailed or rivetted to the
staves, a sufficient length of the strips extending over the last stave to enable it to bo
overlapped and secured when the barrel or cask is subsequently formed. This forming
I prefer to do upon a vertical collapsible drum A, (the circumference of which equals the
total width of the connected staves) mounted upon suitable frame work B. and
provided upon one or more sides with upright stationary or moveable bars or
catches C, against which the connected staves are placed. One or more centrally
pivoted and horizontally adjustable vertical rollers D are provided capable of travelling
around the drum A. in close proximity thereto for the purpose of bending the con-
nected staves around the vertical drum and thus forming the barrel or-ensk, cylinder
said rollers D and also the drum A itself may be provided with grooved recesses d d
within which the hoop strips find a bearing but such recesses are not essential. The
connected staves being bent around the drum the overlapping hoop strips b b. arc
nailed or rivetted to the stave or strip a, beyond the point of junction and this
may be readily accomplished by having that portion of the drum A. beneath the
point of contact made of metal which will cause a nail if driven through the staves
and hoops upon it to be bent back or rivetted upon the staves or hoops as the case
may be.
The style of drum represented in Fig II is preferably made of three or more
sections A¹ A' A³ as represented in Fig 3 hinged together at e e, and collapsible
inwardly as shown by the dotted lines, so that after the barrel or cask cylinder is
formed the drum may be collapsed, and the barrel cylinder readily removed
therefrom, the "bottoms" and heads being subsequently fixed in the ordinary way
or if it is desired, the top of the drum may be fitted with inwardly projecting
flanges so that one end of the barrel may be put in place before removing it from
the drum. In this case the catches or levers which hold the drum open while the
barrel is being formed thereon would be released from below. The form of catches
or levers which may be employed are of course numerous but a convenient
arrangement is that by which the lever is pivoted with a loose or ball socket
joint near the bottom of the fixed part A' and is capable of passing at a rising angle
across the drum when open and being forced under internally projecting lugs g g
on the collapsible parts A³, A. When a machine of decreased weight is desired the
collapsible or hinged parts A2, A* may be omitted and a step frame E and removable
top F substituted therefor as represented in Figure 4. In this case the strip of
staves would rest on the base h and be bent about the part h¹ and head F.
the inner hoop or the stave finding its seat on 12. As a further or intermediate
support a series of strips G may be carried by an arm or lever i pivoted at ; to the
central shaft H and carrying a pivoted connecting piece K attached to sleeve l.
The weight of the boss upon head F, when upon shaft. His sufficient to keep the
lever and frames in the position shown in the drawing, but when said head
is removed after the barrel cylinder is formed the weight of lever i, and frames G. G.
will cause them to fall inwardly and thus remove any friction there might be
between them and the barrel cylinder, which can then be lifted off part h¹ and
overfixed or nailing part A¹ of the drum. The form of apparatus described will be
remarkably cheap to manufacture as compared with the barrel making machinery
now in use and the method of preparing the staves and hoopbands in the form of a
combined strip, renders them readily and cheaply transportable while capable of
being rapidly formed into barrels or casks which may be lined or coated with any
desired material or substance. I am aware that prior to my invention it has been pro-
posed to make sheets of staves by first "setting up "the staves and then securing them to
hoops and subsequently unfastening the ends of the hoops and bending out the connected
staves into flat sheets for the purpose of transport, and subsequently reforming such bent
out sheets into barrel cylinders. But in this way it is impossible to bring the edges of
the stares so close together as they can be brought by first nailing them to hoop strips in
flat sheets and then bending them round as I propose.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1st The improved process of manufacturing barrels which consists in first
connecting by suitable bands or strips the desired number of stares, the total
width of which shall be equal to the circumference of the barrel cylinder-to
be formed and subsequently forming said connected staves into a barrel or cask.
cylinders to be formed into complete barrels consisting in first forming a flat sheet of
connected staves and then bending such sheet into a barrel cylinder and securing the
ends of the hoop strips, as hereinbefore described.
2. In apparatus for the manufacture of barrels the combination of the collapsible
drum A' AA mounted upon a suitable frame work, the upright bars or holding
devices C, with roller D, capable of travelling around and forming the barrel upon
the drum substantially as described.
3. In a barrel forming machine the combination of head F, step frame E, levers i. k.
and frames G. G. for supporting the barrel internally while being formed substantially
as described.
4th In barrel forming machines the combination of head F step frame E pivotted
frame, carrying roller D drum section A' and holding devices O, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
DJ 11
1
CAT
1

page_text: I FREDERICK ANDREW of Burnt Ash in the County of Kent, Accountant, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF BARRELS AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUCH
MANUFACTURE to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of the staves and hoops for the
manufacture of barrels or casks, and to the apparatus by which such staves
and hoop strips are subsequently formed into the barrel or cask. According to
this invention, the staves are first cut to the desired size, and a sufficient number
are placed side by side until the combined width of such staves equal the
circumference of the barrel or cask desired to be made. The staves are preferably
placed upon a nailing or rivetting table provided with suitable grooves for the
reception of the iuner, upper and lower hoop strips which are laid therein. Over
the staves are then placed the external hoop strips, and the same together with the
internal strips are securely nailed or rivetted to the staves, a sufficient length
of the strip extending over the last stave to enable it to be overlapped and secured
when the barrel or cask is subsequently formed. This forming I prefer to do upon
a vertical collapsible drum, (the circumference of which equals the combined width
of the connected staves) mounted upon suitable frame work and provided upon one
side with an upright stationary bar or catch against which the connected staves are
placed. One or more centrally pivotted vertical rollers are provided capable of
travelling around the drum in close proximity thereto, for the purpose of bending
the connected staves around the vertical drum and thus forming the barrel or cask;
said rollers and also the drum itself being provided with grooved recesses within
which the hoop strips find a bearing. The connected staves being bent around the
drum, the overlapping hoop strips are nailed or rivetted to the stave or strip
beyond the point of junction and this may be readily accomplished by having that
portion of the drum beneath the point of contact, made of metal which will cause
a nail if driven through the staves and hoops upon it, to be bent back or rivetted
upon the staves or hoops as the case may be. The drum itself is preferably made
of three or more sections hinged together and collapsible inwardly so that after the
barrel or cask cylinder is formed, the drum may be collapsed and the barrel
cylinder readily removed therefrom, the "bottoms" and heads being subsequently

page_text: fixed in the ordinary way or if it is desired, the top of the drum may be fitted
with inwardly projecting flanges so that one end of the barrel may be put in place
before removing it from the drum. In this case the catches or levers which hold
the drum open while the barrel is being formed thereon would be released from
below. The form of apparatus described will be remarkably cheap to manufacture
as compared with the barrel making machinery now in use and the method
of preparing the staves and hoop bands in the form of a combined strip renders
them readily and cheaply transportable while capable of being rapidly formed into
barrels or casks which may be lined or coated with any desired material or
substance.
Datad this twant first day of hunn 1001

page_text: I, FREDERICK ANDREW of Burnt Ash in the County of Kent-Accountant do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF BARRELS AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUCH
MANUFACTURE," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the preparation of the staves and hoops subsequently
used for the manufacture of barrels or casks and to the apparatus by which such
staves and hoop strips may be formed into the barrel or cask.
To clearly explain my invention reference is made to the accompanying drawings
which form part of this specification and in which the same letters of reference refer
to corresponding parts.
Figure 1 represents the staves when secured to the hoops and before being
formed into the barrel cylinder.
Figure 2 and 4 represent in elevation apparatus by which such strips or staves
may be formed into the barrel cylinder and Fig 3 represents a plan of Fig 2
According to this invention the staves a a, are first cut to the desired size and a
sufficient number are placed side by side (but in the case of unbevelled staves
not quite touching each other) until the total width of such staves equals the
circumference of the barrel or cask desired to be made. In case a crate barrel "
for the carriage of fruit vegetables and other articles requiring the admission of air
during transit is required to be made, suitable spaces may conveniently be left
between said staves. The staves are preferably placed upon a nailing or rivetting
table provided with suitable grooves for the reception of the hoop strips which are
laid therein or over the staves are placed the external hoop strips b b. the same
being securely nailed or rivetted to the staves, a sufficient length of the strips
extending over the last stave to enable it to be overlapped and secured when the
barrel or cask is subsequently formed. This forming I prefer to do upon a vertical
collapsible drum A, (the circumference of which equals the total width of the
connected staves) mounted upon suitable frame work B. and provided upon one or
more sides with upright stationary or moveable bars or catches C, against which
the connected staves are placed. One or more centrally pivoted and horizontally
adjustable vertical rollers D are provided capable of travelling around the drum A.
in close proximity thereto for the purpose of bending the connected staves around
the vertical drum and thus forming the barrel or cask, said rollers D and also the
drum A itself may be provided with grooved recesses d d within which the hoop
strips find a bearing but such recesses are not essential. The connected staves
being bent around the drum the overlapping hoop strips b b. are nailed or rivetted
to the stave or strip a, beyond the point of junction and this may be readily
accomplished by having that portion of the drum A. beneath the point of contact
made of metal which will cause a nail if driven through the staves and hoops upon
it to be bent back or rivetted upon the staves or hoops as the case may be.
The style of drum represented in Fig II is preferably made of three or more
sections A¹ A' A³ as represented in Fig 3 hinged together at e e, and collapsible
inwardly as shown by the dotted lines, so that after the barrel or cask cylinder is
formed the drum may be collapsed, and the barrel cylinder readily removed
therefrom, the "bottoms" and heads being subsequently fixed in the ordinary way
or if it is desired, the top of the drum may be fitted with inwardly projecting
flanges so that one end of the barrel may be put in place before removing it from
the drum. In this case the catches or levers f which hold the drum open while the

page_text: barrel is being formed thereon would be released from below. The form of catches
or levers which may be employed are of course numerous but a convenient
arrangement is that by which the lever f is pivoted with a loose or ball socket
joint near the bottom of the fixed part A¹ and is capable of passing at a rising angle
across the drum when open and being forced under internally projecting lugs gg
on the collapsible parts A³, A. When a machine of decreased weight is desired the
collapsible or hinged parts A', A³ may be omitted and a step frame E and removable
top F substituted therefor as represented in Figure 4. In this case the strip of
staves would rest on the base h and be bent about the part and head F.
the inner hoop or the stave finding its seat on h². As a further or intermediate
support a series of strips G may be carried by an arm or lever i pivoted at to the
central shaft H and carrying a pivoted connecting piece K attached to sleeve l.
The weight of the boss upon head F, when upon shaft H is sufficient to keep the
lever and frames in the position shown in the drawing, but when said head
is removed after the barrel cylinder is formed the weight of lever i, and frames G. G.
will cause them to fall inwardly and thus remove any friction there might be
between them and the barrel cylinder, which can then be lifted off part h¹ and
overfixed or nailing part A¹ of the drum. The form of apparatus described will be
remarkably cheap to manufacture as compared with the barrel making machinery
now in use and the method of preparing the staves and hoopbands in the form of a
combined strip, renders them readily and cheaply transportable while capable of
being rapidly formed into barrels or casks which may be lined or coated with any
desired material or substance:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1st The improved process of manufacturing barrels which consists in first
connecting by suitable bands or strips the desired number of staves, the total
width of which shall be equal to the circumference of the barrel cylinder to
bo formed and subsequently forming said connected staves into a barrel or cask.
2. In apparatus for the manufacture of barrels the combination of the collapsible
drum A¹ A² A³ mounted upon a suitable frame work, the upright bars or holding
devices C, with roller D, capable of travelling around and formning the barrel upon
the drum substantially as described.
3. In a barrel forming machine the combination of head F, step frame E, levers i. k.
and frames G. G. for supporting the barrel internally while being formed substantially
as described.
4th In barrel forming machines the combination of head F step frame E pivotted
frame, carrying roller D drum section A¹ and holding devices C, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this Eighteenth day of November 1884.