IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JAMES OLIVER of 10 Duchess Street, Portland Place, in the County of
Middlesex, Plough Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS"-(partly a communication to me from abroad by
Charles Anderson of South Bend, Indiana, United States of America, Plough
Manufacturer), to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to make the wearing portions of the plough
reversible and removable. For this purpose the share is constructed in two parts
-a nose piece and a wing piece.
The mould board and share of the plough are carried by a central support whose
upper part is vertical whilst the lower part curves forward. To give lightness this
central support is made of angular section that is to say it consists of two side
plates inclined to each other and meeting in front. The mould board is bolted to
one of these side plates. At the lower part of the support the angle is cut away
so that the two side plates do not here meet together, they are however connected
to each other by means of an approximately horizontal web. The nose piece is
shaped somewhat like a wedge or chisel split at the rear or in other words it
consists of two plates inclined towards each other and meeting in front. The
wedge however is a twisted wedge so that when fixed in position on the plough
although the chisel edge is approximately horizontal the side plate which is upper-
most is at its rear inclined at an angle of say 45°.
Each plate has upon the side nearest to the other plate a web at an angle to it.
The webs on the two plates are situated in the same plane but they do not touch
each other a space or slot being left between them. The webs project back further
than the plates. When the nose piece is in position on the plough the webs upon
it lie between and are held by the two side plates of the central support described
above and the horizontal web connecting these two side plates occupies the space
or slot between the two webs on the nose piece. It will be observed from this
description that the nose piece is symmetrical about a central plane and therefore
when one of its side plates has become worn the nose piece can be turned. In
137

page_text: order to prevent the nose piece from being accidentally drawn forward out of place
the projections at the rear of the webs upon it are slotted to receive a bolt upon
the end of a lever pivotted to one of the side plates of the central support.
The wing piece is similarly made reversible.
It is formed of a piece of metal shaped as if it consisted of two equal and
similar plates each a right angled triangle with the acute angles unequal and the
apex cut off.
Each plate is thickest midway of the longer side including the right angle and
comes to a knife edge at the hypotenuse. The two triangles are superposed with
their hypotenuses coinciding but not the right angles.
The planes of the triangles are slightly twisted so that when in place the surface
of the wing piece forms a continuation of the curved surface of the mould board.
When the wing piece is in position on the plough the shortest side of the upper
triangle throughout its whole length abuts against the edge of one of the side
plates of the nose piece above described whilst the other side which includes the
right angle throughout its whole length abuts against the lower edge of the mould
board. Thus the upper triangle of the wing piece is flush with and forms a con-
nection between the mould board and the side plate of the nose piece the whole
forming a continuous curved surface. So much of the under surface of the upper
triangle which is not covered by the lower triangle rests upon the side plate of the
central support which carries the mould board.
The longer side including the right angle of the lower triangle throughout its
whole length abuts against the lower edge of this side plate. The side plate also
carries a projection which comes beneath and supports the under surface of the
lower triangle.
The wing piece is fixed in the above described position by means of a bolt which
passes through it near the right angle of the upper triangle and thus holds it, to
the side plate of the central support.
The wing piece being symmetrical can be reversed the upper and lower triangles
exchanging positions.
l

page_text: plough they enter a corresponding socket or space at the fore part of the central
support.
dis a space between the webs c, c¹ it receives a corresponding web extending
from side to side of the central support across the socket.
At c** c** notches are
cut in the webs cc¹ into which the end of a lever bolt on the central support is
received--it serves to prevent the nose piece drawing out of the socket.
bxbx are the oblique edges or shoulders of the plates or surfaces 6 b¹ on which
the wing piece abuts and the surface of the wing piece is then continuous with
the surface of the nose piece.
";
This nose piece it will be observed is symmetrical about a central plane vertical
to the paper and containing the line y y in the Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
In consequence of this symmetry of form the nose piece can be reversed when
worn and in either position a shoulder b× is presented to receive and protect the
edge of the wing piece so that no break occurs in the curvature of the upper
surface which leads the soil from the cutting edges to the mould board.
}
Figure 12 is a plan of the wing piece.
Figure 13 is an end view of the same.
Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are transverse sections taken on the
lines 14-14, 15-15, 16-16, 17-17, 18-18, 19-19 and 20-20 in Figure 12. These
lines are continued into Figures 14 to 20 and there serve to indicate the twist of
the wing piece between section and section; the lines defining a datum plane to
which it may be referred.
This wing piece although made all of a piece may be regarded as consisting of
two similar superposed plates each approximately a right angle triangle (but with
the apex removed).
e el are angles which are approximately right angles as shown in the drawing
they are however appreciably greater but this admits of variation.
fis the common hypotenuse of the two triangles and this is the cutting edge;
the length of this edge will vary in accordance with the width of the furrow it is
desired to cut. g and g¹ are the shorter sides of the triangles; these are intended
to abut upon the oblique edges or shoulders b* bx of the nose piece.
The side g or g¹ which for the time being is foremost thus abuts on the nose
piece, the corresponding side at the rear end takes a like position when the wing
piece being worn is reversed.
The sides h and h¹ of the wing piece which with the sides g and g¹ include the
angles e and e¹ are intended to abut throughout their whole length upon the lower
edge of the mould board. It is the side h or h¹ which for the time being is
uppermost which thus abuts on the mould board-the corresponding side of the
lower triangle takes its place when the wing piece is reversed bottom for top and
end for end.
In either position the upper surface of the wing piece is continuous in its
curvature with the surface of the mould board-i and it are bolt holes-the hole
which is in front serves to receive a bolt passing through a lug on the mould board
whilst the hole in rear serves to connect with a stay passing to the frame.
Figure 21 is a plan showing the nose piece and the wing piece in the relative
positions which they occupy when in use.
Figure 22 is a section on the line 22-22 in Figure 21 and looking from right to
left. This figure shows the way in which the forward end of the wing piece rests
upon and is supported by the nose piece.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) The symmetrical reversible nose piece formed as a divided and twisted
wedge with inwardly projecting webs serving to secure it to the central support

page_text: and with oblique shoulders to receive a wing piece so that the upper surfaces of
the nose and wing pieces become continuous substantially as described and
represented in the annexed drawings.
(2.) The symmetrical reversible wing piece formed as two superposed triangles
with a common hypotenuse which is the cutting edge and with sides to abut on the
nose piece and the mould board respectively and with faces of a curvature con-
tinuous with that of the mould board substantially as described and represented
by the annexed drawings.