Improvements in Gig Mille or Raising Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Oct., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 17th June, 1896-Accepted, 18th July,.
1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gig Mille or Raising Machines.
I, HENRY GROSSELIN, of 16 Rue Drouot, Paris, France, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object improvements in gig mills or raising machines
with revolving teazles, and relates firstly to improvements in the teazles whereby
a shorter and more felted nap is produced, and the operation is effected more
rapidly than heretofore, by imparting to the revolving teazles an intermittent
action, so as to operate with rapidly increasing and decreasing energy, so that the
card surface of the teazles is afforded a greater penetrating power and also a more
rapid disengagement.
This method of operating can be carried out in various ways. According to one
arrangement I construct the machine with teazle rollers of prismatic form, the faces
being either plane or slightly convex so that the points of the card wires are
situated at varying distances from the axis of the teazles. By this means the
surface speed of the card wires will differ at successive intervals of time, resulting
in a correspondingly varying action or intermittent energy, which may be increased
or decreased according to the form given to the teazles. Thus a teazle of a
triangular, rectangular, or pentagonal cross section will give greater variations of
energy than one of hexagonal octagonal &c. section.
The prismatic form, with plane or convex surfaces, or both combined, can be
replaced by teazles of an elliptical or other non-circular section, but I prefer the
polygonal form.
According to another. arrangement, the teazling with intermittent action or
varying energy can be obtained by means of cylindrical teazles driven by pullies
with prismatic periphery, so that the speed of rotation will vary intermittently.
The only difference in the action will consist in a less rapid disengagement of
the card wires after having penetrated into the tissue; the direction of this
disengaging motion will be more oblique relatively to the surface of the tissue, and
there will be greater risk of rupture of filaments.
According to another modification, I combine the two above described methods
of operating, that is to say, I provide the prismatic teazles with prismatic driving
pullies, the former being arranged either so as to coincide in position with latter,
if it be desired to increase the intermittent action, or the angles of the pulley are
arranged intermediately between those of the teazle if it be desired to lessen such
action.
The faces of the prismatic teazles instead of being plane and parallel to the axis,
can be arranged helically relatively to the axis, whereby the maximum effect of
teazling instead of being exercised simultaneously over the entire breadth of the
tissue is only exercised progressively from one side to the other. In this case one
half the number of rotary teazles employed, should have the twist of their helical
surfaces to the right hand and the other half to the left hand.
According to another modification the body of the rotary teazles may be made
of ordinary cylindrical form and be covered with card strips of which the wires
vary in length in such manner that on coiling the card strip on the teazle body,
the outer ends of the wires will form polygonal surfaces.
The invention farther relates to improvements in the means for clearing the
rotary teazles; according to one arrangement, I effect such clearing by the action

page_text: of air blast or exhaust, or both combined. For this purpose when employing
exhaust, provide below the teazle drum a chamber open at the upper end and
having curved wings that approach as near as possible to the lowermost rotary
teazles, which chamber contains or communicates with an exhaust fan, so that the
exhaust produced in the chamber causes rapid air currents to flow in close contact
with the teazles through the interstices between these on their way to the chamber,
and thus carry off the fibres held by the card wires. In order to cause these air
currents to impinge in the form of jets only on the delivery side of the rotary
teazles, I provide shields in the central space within the circle of teazles, which
shields have openings formed as nozzles directed against the delivery side of the
teazles.
Thus the air currents in passing through the card wires in the direction of their
inclination will readily detach and carry off the fibres therefrom. The above
described effect can be increased by providing in the said central space a blowing
fan which propels the air currents through the said nozzles. In some cases such
blowing arrangement may be employed without the suction device, but I prefer to
employ both in combination. According to another modification of the arrange-
ment with exhaust, the latter may be produced centrally of the drum, instead of
externally, in which case the air currents would act in the contrary direction on
the card surfaces of the teazles. For this purpose a hood, communicating with a
suction device, has its mouth presented to one or both ends of the drum, as close as
possible thereto, so as to draw the air from the interior thereof.
By the above described method of clearing the teazles by pneumatic action,
I also obtain the advantage of producing by the action of the pressure or suction
upon the tissue treated, an increased or decreased adherence of the tissue to the
card surfaces and consequently an increased or decreased penetration of the card
wires, according as may be required.
According to another improvement, I effect the clearing of the teazles by
mechanical means.
In gig mills with revolving teazles, there are generally provided two sets of
teazles, those of the one set being made to revolve in the direction of the uap to be
produced while the other set, which are arranged alternately with the first set,
revolve in the contrary direction so as to raise the nap again after it is acted upon
by one of the other teazles. With such an arrangement of the machine I employ
apparatus for clearing the teazles consisting of a revolving frame carrying two or
more clearing rollers with either wire or fibre brush surfaces, which receive rotary
motion round their axes at the same time that they are carried round by the frame,
the rotation of such clearing rollers being effected by suitable gear in such manner,
that while one or more thereof revolve in a direction suitable for clearing the
nap-laying teazles, the other or others revolve in the contrary direction suitable
for clearing the nap-raising teazles, and they are carried round by the revolving
frame at such a speed relatively to the rotation of the teazle drum, that a clearing
roller of the first kind is always brought in contact with one of the nap-laying
teazles, and one of the second kind is always brought in contact with one of the
nap-raising teazles.
1
In order that the frame carrying the clearing rollers may not require to be
rotated at too high a speed for the above purpose, I prefer so to proportion the
speed thereof to the number of teazles on the drum that a clearing brush of the
first named kind does not act consecutively upon each successive nap-laying teazle
as the drum revolves, but only say on the 1st 4th 7th 10th &c. while the following
clearing roller acts up on the 2nd 5th 8th 11th &c. nap raising teazle, and the first
named one then acts upon the 3rd 6th 9th 12th &c. rap-laying teazle. By this
arrangement it will be seen that all the teazles will have been cleared when the
teazle drum has completed three revolutions, thus reducing the speed of the
clearing roller frame to one third of that which it would require, to clear them all
during one single rotation of the drum.
In like manner the clearing rollers may be arranged to revolve still slower, so

page_text: that the complete clearance of the teazles is only effected when the teazle drum has
completed 5, 7, 9 &c. revolutions.
The gearing for imparting the before described reversed rotary motion to the.
clearing rollers as they revolve with the frame, may consist either of open belts
for driving the one set, and crossed belts for driving the other set, or of toothed
gearing consisting of a central spur wheel with which gear directly pinions on
the axes of the one set of clearing rollers, while the pinions on the other set
gear with the central wheel through an intermediate pinion.
Dated this 1st day of October 1895.
ABEL & IMKAI,
Agents for Applicant.
Improvements in Gig of
I, HENRY GROSSELIN, of 16 Rue Drouot, Paris, France, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to gig mills or raising machines with revolving teazles and
has for its object improvements in the teazles and their mode of action whereby a
shorter and more felted nap is produced, and the operation is effected more
rapidly than heretofore by imparting to the revolving teazles an intermittent
action, so as to operate with rapidly increasing and decreasing energy, so that the
cards of the teazles have a greater penetrating power and also a more rapid
disengagement.
This method of operating can be carried out in various ways. According to
one arrangement I construct the machine with teazle rollers of prismatic form, the
faces being either plane or slightly convex so that the points of the card wires are
situated at varying distances from the axes of the teazles. The surface speed of
the card wires thus differs at successive intervals of time, resulting in a corre-
spondingly varying action or intermittent energy, which may be increased or
decreased according to the form given to the teazles.
Thus a teazle of a triangular, rectangular, or pentagonal cross section will give
greater variations of energy than one of hexagonal, octagonal &c. section.
The greater the number of sides the nearer does the teazle approach the
cylindrical form, and the less is the difference between the energies at different
points of the circumference.
For the prismatic form, with plane or curved surfaces, or both-combined, can be
substituted teazles of an elliptical or other non-circular section, but I prefer the
polygonal form.
According to another arrangement, the teazling with intermittent action or
varying energy can be obtained by means of cylindrical teazles driven by pulleys
with prismatic periphery, so that the speed of rotation varies intermittently.
The only difference in the action consists in a less rapid disengagement of the
card wires after having penetrated into the fabric; the direction of this disengaging
motion is more oblique relatively to the surface of the fabric, and there is greater
risk of rupture of filaments.
According to another modification, I combine the two above described methods
of operating, that is to say, I provide the prismatic teazles with prismatic driving
pulleys, arranged to have their angles either coincident or not according as it is
desired to vary the intermittent action.
The relative angles therefore depend upon the action desired to be obtained and
the nature of the fabric acted upon.

page_text: The faces of the prismatic teazles instead of being plane and parallel to the axis,
can be arranged helically whereby the maximum teazling force instead of being
exercised simultaneously over the entire width of the fabric is exercised
progressively from one side to the other. In this case one half the number of
rotary teazles employed should have the twist of their helical surfaces to the.right
hand and the other half to the left hand.
According to another modification the body of the rotary teazles may be made
of ordinary cylindrical form and be covered with card strips of which the wires
vary in length in such manner that on coiling the card strip on the teazle body,
the outer ends of the wiressform polygonal surfaces which may be either parallel to
the axis or helical.
This arrangement is less accurate than the preceding ones, but it is of easy
-application.
It is to be understood that the teazles can be driven at a speed variable at will
by means of coned pulleys.and belts, toothed gearing, friction pulleys &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
-claim is :--
1. In gig mills or raising machines with revolving teazles, so arranging and
forming the teazles as to operate with intermittent action and continually
· varying energy .and degree of penetration of the card wires, substantially as
*described.
2. For operating in the manner set forth in the first claim, the use of
revolving teazles of prismatic form having plane or curved faces or both with
surfaces straight or helical, and driven by pulleys or gear of either circular.or
1,prismatic form, substantially as described.
3. For operating in the manner set forth in the first claim, the use of revolving
teazles of elliptic or other curved form differing from that of a circle, substantially
.as described.
4. For operating in the manner set forth in the first claim, the use of ordinary
cylindrical teazles, in combination with pulleys or gear of prismatic form,
substantially as described.
5. For operating in the manner set forth in the first claim, the use of teazles
formed by coiling upon cylindrical bodies strips of card the wires of which are
of varying length, substantially as described.
Dated this 17th day of June 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.