IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN SMELTING AND OTHERWISE TREATING ORES AND MINERALS, AND IN PRO- TASHADER DRATION OF PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Longmaid and John Longmaid, of
Beaumont Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN
SMELTING AND OTHERWISE TREATING ORES AND MINERALS, AND IN PRO-
TASHADER DRATION OF PRODUCTS THEREFROM."
Sealed the 29th September 1858, and dated the 6th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Longmaid
and John Longmaid at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th May 1858.
WE, WILLIAM LONGMAID and JOHN LONGMAID, of Beaumont Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of our
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN
SMELTING AND OTHERWISE TREATING ORES AND MINERALS, AND IN PRO-
DUCING A VALUABLE PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
In smelting iron, copper, and other ores, and otherwise treating such

page_text: may
ores, slags and other waste products are obtained. Our Invention
refers to the treating these slags and products in such manner as to
produce a hard tough slag, which, when rendered into suitable shapes,
be applied as pavement in roads, streets, and thoroughfares, and
for other purposes where materials of great durability are required at a
moderate cost. We obtain these objects by submitting such matters
to fusing and annealing processes, and mixing them with fluxes when
required.
For this purpose we place the materials in a furnace, and fuse them
by heat, and then, having made them up into the forms desired, we
subject these articles to heat, and then to gradual cooling in the ordi-
nary manner of annealing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Longmaid and John Longmaid in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 2nd November 1858.
. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,, we,
WILLIAM LONGMAID and JOHN LONGMAID, of Beaumont Square, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Longmaid and John Longmaid,
Her special licence that we, the said William Longmaid and John
Longmaid, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said William Longmaid and John Longmaid, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no-
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the terni
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make; use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
.

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN SMELTING AND OTHERWISE
TREATING ORES AND MINERALS, AND IN PRODUCING A VALUABLE PRODUCT
OR PRODUCTS THEREPROM," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said William Longmaid and John Longmaid, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
• NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Longmaid, on behalf of
myself and the said William Longmaid, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
In smelting iron, copper, and other ores, and otherwise treating such
ores, slags and other waste products are obtained. Our Invention
refers to the treating these slags and products in such manner as
to produce a hard tough slag, which, when rendered into suitable
shapes, may be applied as pavement in roads, streets, and thorough-
fares, and for other purposes where materials of great durability
are required at a moderate cost. We obtain these objects by sub-
mitting such matters to fusing, and then mixing them with fluxes when
required. For this purpose, we place the materials in a furnace, and fuse
them by heat, and then, having made them up into the forms desired,
we subject these articles to heat, and then to gradual cooling in the
ordinary manner of annealing.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed
to describe the manner of performing the same. When we use
the slags produced in the ordinary smelting of iron, copper, or
other ores, we take the slag as drawn from the furnace, pour it into
heated moulds, and anneal as hereafter described. The product
will be a hard tough material fit for paving. roads, streets, and

page_text: thoroughfares, and also for other purposes where hard and durable
materials are required.
In the manufacture of alkali, certain waste products are obtained,
consisting of the refuse of iron pyrites and alkali waste, and consist,
for the most part, of oxide of iron, silica, and compounds of line,
together with small quantities of copper and silver. We mix these
materials in such proportion that when heated they combine toge-
ther, and form a fusible slag. If the silica contained in the waste
materials be not sufficient, sand is to be added; of this the workman
will be able to judge. We find it desirable to add coal or other
carbon to the mixture, which has the effect of separating portions of
the iron and sulphur which combine together, and take with them
most of the copper and silver; and by reason of their greater specific
gravity, they descend to the bottom of the furnace, and allow of the
slagg to be tapped off and run into moulds. We use a blast furnace
for smelting the matters above mentioned, and when the charge is
sufficiently fused we tap the furnace, and run the slag in moulds of any
required form, taking care to heat the moulds before the slag is poured
into them, and we place the cast slag into an annealing furnace before
they have time to cool. The object in placing the cast slags in an
annealing furnace is to toughen them, and we find this best effected
when the slags have remained in the annealing furnace, at a gradually
cooling temperature, from eight to twelve or fourteen days.
When, according to our Invention, oxide of iron and alkali waste,
mixed with carbon, are smelted, and one of the products consists of
iron, copper, silver (when these metals exist in the ores), and sulphur,
this product may be used for various purposes, particularly for decom-
posing common salt in the manufacture of alkali, as is now well known;
and means of doing so are described in Specifications of former Patents
granted to the said William Longmaid. We would, however, remark,
that we do not claim to smelt oxide of iron and alkaline waste in blast
furnaces, but only the obtaining hard moulded slags, and a compound
such as above explained, and applicable as above stated
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the

page_text: manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that what
we claim are the means herein described of treating waste products
obtained in smelting and otherwise treating ores and minerals, and in
producing a valuable product or products therefrom.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Longmaid, have hereunto
hand and seal, this First day of November, in the year
set my
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOHN LONGMAID. (L.S.)
Witness, H. W. CARPMAEL.