IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF JUTE AND IN OILS OR PREPARATIONS FOR SOFTENING THE FIBRES THEREOF
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Baird, of Croy, in the County of Dumbarton,
North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF JUTE AND IN OILS OR PREPARATIONS FOR
SOFTENING THE FIBRES THEREOF."
Sealed the 17th March 1868, and dated the 21st September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Baird.at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September,
1867.
I, JAMES BAIRD, of Croy, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF JUTE AND IN OILS OR PREPARTIONS FOR
SOFTENING THE FIBRES THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the dispensing either wholly or partially
with the use of fish oils, such as whale, seal, or cod oil, which have hitherto
been almost exclusively employed in the treatment or preparation of jute for
the purpose of softening the fibres thereof prior to its manufacture. These
fish oils are not only in some cases expensive, but frequently their use is
objectionable by reason of the excess of fibrinous or mucous matter which they
contain, and which though necessary to a certain extent will when in excess
tend to clog the fibres and the machinery operating thereon.
Now according to one part of this Invention it is proposed to dispense

page_text: entirely with the use of fish oils, and to employ any of those fatty oils which
are free or comparatively free from dissolved fibrin. And in order to obtain
the desired softening effect on the jute, due to the presence of fibrin or mucus
in the fish oil, it is proposed to apply to the jute after the fatty oil has been
applied a fibrinous or gelatinous compound specially prepared and mixed
with the same quantity of water as is now used in the process of "catching"
jute; this fibrinous or gelatinous compound may be prepared either from
gelatine, blood fibrin, albumen, caseine, or all or one or more of them.
Should gelatine, for example, be the substance employed it is to be dissolved
in hot water to the consistency of syrup or a semi-fluid, and to this glycerine
is to be added in any suitable proportion. To this mixture of gelatine and
glycerine there is added the same proportion of water as is now used in
"batching" jute, and the solution (which the Inventor calls the "softener") is
to be applied to the jute immediately after the fatty oil has been applied, when
the jute will be found to be much softer and more pliable after being spun
than when prepared with common fish oils alone.
Another part of this Invention relates to the preparation of an improved
compound oil (which the Inventor calls "jute oil,") to be used as a substitute
for pure fish oils in the treatment of jute, and consists in mixing any fatty
oil which is free or nearly free from fibrin or mucus with those fish oils which
contain a greater excess of fibrin than is necessary for the due preparation
of the jute. In this way an improved compound oil is obtained containing
just so much fibrin or mucus as will operate effectually upon the jute without
clogging the machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Baird in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BAIRD, of Croy, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Baird, Her special license that I, the said James Baird, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Baird, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree

page_text: with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF JUTE AND IN PREPARATIONS FOR SOFTENING THE FIBRES THEREOF,".
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Baird, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in' the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Baird, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
'
:
My.said Invention has for its object the dispensing either wholly or par-
tially, with the use of fish oils, such as whale, seal, or cod oil, which has
hitherto been almost exclusively employed in the treatment or preparation
of jute for the purpose of softening the fibres, thereof prior to its manufacture.
These fish oils are not only in some cases expensive, but frequently their use
is objectionable by reason of the excess. of fibrinous or mucous matter, which
they contain, and which though necessary to a certain extent, will when in
excess tend to clog the fibres and the machinery operating thereon.
Now according to one part of my Invention I propose to dispense entirely
with the use of fish oils, and to employ in lieu thereof any of those fatty oils
(such, for example, as olein, lard oil, rape oil, olive oil, cotton oil) which are
free or comparatively free from dissolved fibrine, such fatty oils being either
employed separately or in mixtures of any two or more of them... And in
order to obtain the desired softening effect on the jute, due to the presence of
fibrinous or mucous matter in the fish oil, I apply to the jute (after the fatty
oil or mixture of two or more fatty oils free or nearly so from dissolved
fibrinous or mucous matter has been applied) a fibrinous or gelatinous compound
specially prepared, which is to be mixed with the same quantity of, water as is
now used in the process of "batching." jute; this fibrinous or gelatinous com-
pound may be prepared either from gelatine, blood, fibrine, albumen, caseine, or
mixtures of one or more of them, but I prefer to use gelatine. Should any
of these substances or a mixture of them be employed it is to be dissolved
in hot water to the consistency of syrup or a semi-fluid; and to this glycerine

page_text: is to be added in any suitable proportion. This mixture or compound (which
I call the "softener") is to be applied to the jute mixed with the same pro-
portion of water as is now used in batching jute immediately after the fatty
oil or mixture of fatty oils has been applied, when the jute will be found to be
much softer and more flexible after being spun than when prepared from
common fish oils alone.
;
In carrying out this first part of my Invention I apply by sprinkling or
otherwise the fatty oil or mixture of fatty oils to the jute in the proportion of
about five to five and one half pounds of fatty oil or oils to an average bale of
jute; but I do not confine or restrict myself to this proportion. So soon as
the oil is put upon the jute I apply the "softener" along with the water after
the manner of "batching" jute, or by any other suitable or convenient
method. The proportions of gelatine, blood, fibrin, albumen, or caseine, or
mixtures of one or more of them, and glycerine or their equivalents in the
"softener," will depend very much upon. the quality of the fatty oil .or. oils
previously applied to the jute, and upon the nature of the jute or fibrous:
material to be operated upon. I have found that generally. good results
can be obtained by employing after one or more of the fatty oils before
referred to a "softener" composed of fifty per cent. weight of gelatine and
fifty per cent. by weight of glycerine; but as before mentioned I do not limit
or confine myself to these proportions..
: :
Another part of this Invention relates to the preparation of an improved:
compound oil (which I call "jute oil") to be used as a substitute for pure
fish oils in the treatment of jute, and consists in mixing any fatty oil, such as
olein, lard oil, rape oil, olive oil, cotton oil, or other oil, or a mixture of any
two or more fatty oils, which shall be free or nearly free from fibrinous or
mucous matter with any one or more of those fish oils which contain a
greater excess of fibrine than is necessary for the due preparation of the jute.
In this way an improved compound oil is obtained containing just as much
fibrine or mucus as will operate effectually upon the jute without clogging the
machinery.
In carrying out this second part of my Invention the proportions in which
the fatty oils, such as those before referred to, are to be employed in con-
junction with the fish oils will depend upon the proportion of fibrinous or
mucous matter contained in the latter. In proportion as the quantity is
large or small so is the addition of the oils free or nearly so from such
matters increased or diminished. The proportions which I have found to
give good results have been about as follows:-Fish oil, containing five per
cent. of precipitated fibrin in excess, fifty parts; oil free or nearly free from

page_text: fibrinous or mucous matters fifty parts. But these portions, as before men-
tioned, entirely depend upon the quality of the oil employed and the fibrous
materials to be operated upon. I have also obtained good results by the use
of a compound oil or mixture of, say, seventy-five per cent. of whale or seal oil
with twenty-five per cent. of olein, and subsequently applying the "softener "
referred to in the first part of my Specification to the jute, which should
however be used in a reduced or diluted state, so as to bring down the pro-
portion of gelatine therein to about one-half the original proportion, whilst at
the same time about five per cent. more glycerine should be added.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The application and use as a substitute for fish oils which contain
fibrinous or mucous matters for the purposes herein referred to of oils
which are free or nearly so from such fibrinous or mucous matters in
conjunction with a gelatinous, fibrinous, or albuminoid compound together
with glycerine.
Second. The application and use of fish oils containing a great excess of
fibrinous or mucous matters in conjunction with oils which are free or nearly
so from such constituents for the purposes herein mentioned.
Third. The application and use of the gelatinous, fibrinous, or albuminoid
compound, herein called the "softener," to and in the treatment of jute, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Baird, have to this my Specifi-
cation set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JAMES BAIRD. (L.s.)