Improved System of and Means for the Storage, Preservation, and Transport of Heat for Heating, Cooking, and other Purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May,
1899
Improved System of and Means for the Storage, Preservation, and
Transport of Heat for Heating, Cooking, and other Purposes.
CELESTE JOLY, Inventor-Engineer, and CHARLES CHRISTIAN HOYER MILLAR,
Mining Engineer, both of 22-23, Lawrence Pountney Lane, London, E.C.,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists of a new and improved method for storing ordinary
or latent heat and for transporting it from the place where it is produced to the
place where it is to be used. It will insulate, preserve and utilize heat for
producing power and for other heating purposes. It covers every variety of
case or other contrivance by which such storage, preservation and transport is
effected and also the construction of all engines, or apparatuses for machines,
worked by the influence of stored heat.
The whole of the heat of a fire has never, been available and in numerous
instances the whole or almost the whole of it is lost and it is remarkable that
no one has ever invented an efficient way to store that heat to transport it
where it is wanted and to use it when convenient.
Moreover, every steam ship, locomotive, motor vehicle and every steam engine
at all have always been provided with a furnace and heat is not stored at a
certain place nor preserved in its stored condition for the supply of the heat
required to condense the liquid the expansive power of the gases of which
is to give the energy to be obtained.
.
If a liquid be warmed and if it is afterwards enclosed in a vessel well lined
with a heat insulating substance, it can be easily understood that if the insulator
is good, the heat will remain in that vessel for a certain time, the amount of
time depending therefore of the quality and the quantity of that material.
According to the laws of latent heat, when a solid passes into the liquid state,
it absorbs a great quantity of heat and the whole of that heat is given back
again when the liquid re-solidifies, and as long as the whole of the liquid is
not solidified, that is as long as the whole of the latent heat has not been
given back, the degree of heat remains the same, equal to the melting point
of the substance used and it does not become gradually colder and colder
as is the case when a substance is heated without undergoing any change of
state. A quantity of substance whose state is changed during the heating process
contains about 20 or 21 times as much heat as the same quantity of solid brought
to a similar temperature.
For the storage of latent heat which is of course much preferable to ordinary
heat, we use a substance that melts at the degree we require: wax, sulphur,
camphor, tin, lead, glass, copper or any other substance. As an instance, if
we want to store heat to move a steam engine at a pressure of say 25 or 30 atmo-
spheres, we melt tin in an iron vessel and we put the heat thus stored in
communication with the contents of the boiler. The degree of heat maintained.
as long as the whole tin is not solidified is equal to the fusing point of tin and
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page_text: one cubic foot of tin will gasify from 4 to 4.5 times its own volume of water
at the above said pressure and the expansive power of the steam thus formed
will be from 125,000,000 lbs., to 170,000,000 lbs. one foot high. In using melted
lead in an iron vessel to gasify water and hindering the steam from escaping
from the boiler before it has reached a tension of 250 atmospheres which the
melting point of lead is able to produce and maintain, the amount of power given
by one cubic foot of stored heat can be more than 1,250,000,000 lbs. one foot
high. If I still require a greater pressure and a greater quantity of power, I
use a substance whose melting point is higher.
The construction of my cases, engines and apparatuses vary according to the
use the stored heat is meant for and to requirements but I give a drawing to
show how simply my invention can be carried out. The drawing shows the
section of a heat storage and preservation case. The substance by means of
which the heat is stored is contained in the vessel marked 2. After the contents
of this vessel have been thoroughly melted, it is placed inside the double jacketed
insulating vessel 1 which is filled with some good heat insulating substance and
once the insulating .cover 3 is placed on the top, the heat remains there and
cannot leak away. The cover is removed when the heat is required and the
things to be heated, cooked, melted or gasified are placed upon or over 2.
-
The various methons of constructing the vessels in which such heat is stored
and used are of course quite innumerable and my invention is not limited to
any particular shape but comprises all ways of storing heat for all kinds of
warming, cooking melting and gasifying purposes. When the heat is required
for motive power or similar purposes, the inner vessel is removed from the outer
insulating case and put into connection with the boiler or other apparatus as
may be required.
Improved System of and Means for the Storage, Preservation, and
Transport of Heat for Heating, Cooking, and other Purposes.
We, CÉLESTE JOLY, and CHARLES CHRISTIAN HOYER MILLAR, both of 22-23,
Laurence Pountney Lane, London, EC., Engineers, do hereby declare, the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention consists of every variety of method for storing ordinary or
latent heat and for transporting it from the place where it is produced to the
place where it is to be used. It will insulate preserve and utilize heat for
producing power and for every heating purpose. It covers every variety of
case or other contrivance by which such storage, preservation and transport is
effected and also the construction of all engines and apparatuses for machines
worked by the influence, of stored heat.
The whole of the heat of a fire is never available and in numerous instances
the whole or almost the whole of it is lost. It is remarkable that this is the
first invention relating to an efficient way to store that heat, to transport it
where it is wanted and to use it when convenient.
Moreover, every steam ship, locomotive, motor vehicle and every steam engine
at all must be provided with a furnace and heat has not yet been stored at a
certain place nor preserved in its stored condition for the supply of the heat

page_text: required to gasify the liquid the expansive power of the gases of which is to give
the power to be obtained.
If a liquid be warmed and if it is afterwards enclosed into a vessel well lined
with a heat insulating substance it can easily be understood that if the insulator
5 is good, the heat will remain in that vessel for a certain time, the length of
time depending therefore, on the quality and the quantity of that material.
According to the laws of latent heat, when a solid passes into the liquid state,
it absorbs a great quantity of heat and the whole of that heat is given back
again when the liquid re-solidifies and as long as the whole of the liquid is.
not solidified, that is as long as the whole of the latent heat has not been
given back, the degree of heat remains the same, equal to the melting point
of the substance used and it does not become gradually colder and colder;
as is the case when a substance is heated without undergoing any change of
state. A quantity of substance whose state is changed during the heating process
contains a certain number of times more heat than the same quantity of solid
or liquid brought to a similar temperature.
For the storage of latent heat which is, therefore, much preferable to ordinary
heat, we use a substance that melts at the degree we require, namely, wax,
sulphur, camphor, tin, lead, glass, copper, any alloy or any other substance..
As an instance, if we want to store heat to work a steam engine at a pressure.
of say 10 atmospheres, we melt tin in an iron vessel and we put the heat
thus stored in communication with the contents of the boiler. The degree of
heat maintained as long as the whole of the tin is not solidified is equal to the
fusing point of tin and a quantity of melted tin will gasify several times its own
volume of water under pressure. The expansive power of the steam thus formed
will be very great. In using melted lead in an iron vessel to gasify water at
very high pressures the quantity of power given or produced by a quantity of
stored heat will be much greater still. If we still require a greater pressure and
a greater quantity of power for a certain quantity of stored heat we use a
substance whose melting point is higher or whose latent heat of liquefaction is
greater. Our method of storing heat is valuable not only for the production of
power but also for cooking and all kinds of warming purposes. The thickness
and quality of our insulating material depends upon the degree of heat main-
tained by the substance used and the purpose for which the heat is used. In
foot warmers, as an instance, we can use melted zinc thus storing a large
amount of heat within a small volume but the thickness of the insulator is such
that the degree of heat given by the apparatus is that which is required."
Our cases, steam generators and apparatuses vary according to the use the
heat is meant for and to requirements generally but the drawings accompanying
our specification show how our invention can successfully be carried out,
Fig. 1 shows a receptacle which can be used as a boiler for a high pressure
steam engine. I I 'is the vessel.in which the heat is stored, 2 a vessel containing
water, 3 a pipe which connects 2 with the stop valve 4, 5 insulating material,
6 an insulating bottom, 7 an opening by which 2 is filled, 8 are handles and
the pipe through which the steam escapes and is conveyed to the cylinders of
the steam engine. For storing the heat, the contents of 1 are melted over a
suitable furnace. When the required quantity of heat has been stored, 1 is
nserted in the middle of 2 and 6 is put on so
eaking away.
as to hinder the heat from
The heat soon gasifies the water contained in 2 and the steam
eaches the tension which the degree of heat given can produce. The valve 4
an be adjusted to any desired pressure so that its resistance can be diminished
when steam is wanted and augmented so as to confine it in 2 when it is not
anted. 9 is connected with the steam engine and when the vessel 1 is used
or the first time, it is closed only when the substance it contains is liquid. The
ame vessel can be used for an indefinite period of time for the same purpose.
Fig. 2 represents a heat storage receptacle which can be used for various
urposes. is the vessel in which the heat is stored, 2 a vessel containing water,

page_text: 3 a pipe for the steam, 4 a valve, 5 and 6 insulating material, 7 an opening
for filling 2 with water, 8 handles and 9 a pipe for connecting 2 with a steam
engine. The heat is stored by melting the contents of 1 and preserved by
putting into the insulating case 5. The upper part of this receptacle can
be removed and the lower part provided with an insulating cover. On this
cover being removed, the heat can be used for cooking and other purposes as
well as for the generation of steam under pressure. Such receptacles are con-
structed so as to be easily transportable. Fig. 3 shows a boiler as used for
a large type of high pressure steam engine. The heat is stored in 1, it gasifies
the contents of 2, the steam produced passes through the pipe 3, the valve 4
and the pipe 9 to the cylinders of the engine. The whole boiler is insulated by 5
and 6 and it is filled with water through 7.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view (diminished) of the boiler represented by Fig. 3.
The vessel containing the stored heat is inserted in the tube 1 of the boiler 2
when steam is wanted. Knowing what quantity of heat is stored in 1 it is
easy to know, by the quantity of steam produced, when all the latent heat stored
has been utilized. Another heat storage cylinder is put in 1 when necessary and
the contents of the first cylinder are re-melted at the place where the heat thus
stored is produced. The engine is provided with the accessories required for
inserting and removing the heat storage cylinders in and from 1.
Fig. 5 represents a case for the preservation of stored heat. The cylinders 1
in which the heat is stored are put in the compartments of the case prepared
for this purpose and the insulating covers are put on. The case is well insulated
on all sides by 3.
Fig. 6 is a plan of the case represented by Fig. 5..1 are the compartments for
the heat storage cylinders and 3 the insulating substance of which they are
surrounded.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:
-
1. The storage, preservation and transport of heat for heating, cooking and
other purposes.
2. The cases or other contrivances by which such storage, preservation and
transport is effected.
3. The construction of the steam generators and apparatuses worked by the
effect or influence of stored heat, substantially as described in our specification.
Dated this 2nd day of February 1900.
CELESTE JOLY.
CHARLES CHRISTIAN HOYER MILLAR.