IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR-LINING AND DRYING PASTEBOARD FOR SIZING, COLOURING, AND VARNISHING SHEETS OF MUSLIN AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN ADHESIVE COMPOUNDS FOR THE SAME AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR-LINING AND DRYING PASTEBOARD FOR
SIZING, COLOURING, AND VARNISHING SHEETS OF MUSLIN AND OTHER
MATERIALS, AND IN ADHESIVE COMPOUNDS FOR THE SAME AND OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Gustav Ludwig Jaeger, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1876.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR LINING AND
DRYING PASTEBOARD FOR SIZING, COLOURING, AND VARNISHING SHEETS OF MUSLIN
AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN ADHESIVE COMPOUNDS FOR THE SAME AND OTHER
LIKE PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Gustav Ludwig Jaeger, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer.
This Invention relates to the combination with the paper or sheet cylinder, and
its pasting or sizing device of gripers extending throughout the entire length of the
cylinder for the purpose of retaining the sheets in the proper condition to receive
the pasting or sizing material, and to keep the same from getting under the sheet
and on the surface of the cylinder.
Further, to the combination with the pasting or sizing device, and with the sheet
Cylinder of two arms which form the bearings for said pasting or sizing device,
and which connect by toggle levers or other suitable mechanism with a hand or
foot lever, in such a manner that if from any cause no sheet is delivered to the sheet
cylinder, the pasting or sizing device can be thrown back, and the surface of the
cylinder can be saved from being soiled by paste or sizing material.
Further, to the combination with the sheet-carrying cylinder and the pasting or
sizing device, and its pivoted arms of an adjustable cam and a lever, so that the
pasting or sizing device will be raised out of contact with the cylinder as soon as
the sheet has been completely covered.
Also, to the combination with the pasteboard cylinder and its gripers of a gauge
which determines the correct position of each board to be delivered to the cylinder,-

page_text: and which is raised automatically by the action of a cam on the cylinder at the
moment the gripers take hold of the pasteboard.
Further, to the combination with the gripers on the pasteboard cylinder and on
the paper cylinder of throwing off dogs, whereby the pasteboards or sheets of paper
or other materials are effectually prevented from adhering to their cylinders, and
the correct operation of the apparatus is insured.
Also, to the combination with the paper cylinder, the pasting device, and the
pasteboard cylinder of a drying apparatus, consisting of a drying drum and of a
calender roller, so that the paper and the pasteboard after having been united are
dried and exposed to a calendering process, and that the lined pasteboards when
delivered from the machine are ready for immediate use.
Further, to the combination with the drying drum of a calendering roller which
has its bearings in journal boxes set on inclined planes, so that the same is caused
to bear against the surface of the drying drum by its inherent gravity or by springs,
and that the lined pasteboards are uniformly calendered during the process of
drying.
Also, to the combination with the drying drum and the calendering roller of two
endless aprons in such relation to each other that the lined pasteboard is carried
through between said roller and drum, and round the latter without being subjected
to an objectional bend or curve, and that the boards are dried first on one side and
then on the other.
Further, to the combination with two cylinders or rollers, one of which is to press
against the other of movable journal boxes a spring lever and a rack, so that the
cylinders or rollers act against each other with a yielding pressure which can be
increased or decreased at pleasure, and thereby the correct operation of the apparatus
is materially insured.
Also, to a tension apparatus for an endless apron consisting of a roller placed in a
bight form by said apron combined with a yoke suspended from the gudgeons of
said rollers, and a weight suspended from said yoke.
Further, to a pasting device consisting of an endless apron which moves in
contact with a roller situated in the paste fountain, and which bears against the
surface of the paper cylinder for a distance of several inches, so that the correct
transmission of paste to the surface of the sheets carried by said paper cylinder is
insured.
The said Invention also relates to an adhesive compound made of paste or other
adhesive material, and plaster of Paris or other suitable powdered material, either
white or colored, which when mixed with the adhesive compound acts as a drier
and also as an intervening layer, keeping the color of pasteboard, for instance, from
showing through the paper pasted thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a machine for lining
pasteboards according to this Invention; Figure 2 is a plan or top view of the
same.
The remaining Figures shew details herein after described.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings.
A designates a frame which forms the bearings for the working parts of my
machine. On the upper part of this frame is secured a board or table B over which
the sheets of paper are fed to the paper cylinder C. This paper cylinder has its
bearings in boxes f, which in the example shown in the Drawing are rigid, but
which may be set, between springs, so that the paper cylinder can rise and fall, and
accommodate itself to the passage of pasteboards of various thicknesses, as will be
herein-after more fully described. The sheets of paper are taken from the feed
board B by means of a griper h which extends across the entire length of the paper
cylinder, so that the same will hold the edge of the sheet of paper close down upon
the surface of said cylinder, and prevent any paste from getting in between the
paper and the cylinder. If the griper is made in sections placed at certain distances.

page_text: apart as usually practised in printing presses it is impossible to keep the paste from
passing under the sheet of paper, and thereby the correct operation of the machine
is disturbed. The paste is applied to the sheets of paper by means of a pasting
device F, which, in the example shewn in the Drawing, consists of an endless
apron a which is stretched over rollers b, c. These rollers have their bearings in
arms i which are pivoted to the frame A, and connected by links or toggle joints j
with a lever G that can be operated by hand or foot. If this lever is in the
position shown in Figure 1 of the Drawing, the apron bears for some distance
against the surface of the sheet of paper carried by the paper cylinder, and said
surface is supplied with paste; but if from accident or carelessness no paper has
been delivered to the paper cylinder, the lever G is thrown back so as to remove
the apron from contact with the paper cylinder and prevent the surface of the latter
from being soiled. The roller is so situated that the apron a dips into the paste
well I, and the speed with which said apron moves is somewhat less than the
superficial velocity of the paper cylinder, so that by its action the paper is spread
and stretched flat on this last-named cylinder.
Instead of the pasting apron a a simple pasting cylinder F° may be used, as shewn
in Figure 3. This cylinder has its bearings in the arms i which connect the
lever G in the manner above described, and it is supplied with paste by means of a
distributing roller H which dips into the paste well I. The paste cylinder however
is in contact with the surface of the sheet of paper on the paper cylinder only along
a line across said sheet, and the supply of paste to the surface of the paper cannot
be accomplished quite as certain as it can with the pasting apron.
Instead of applying paste to sheets of paper the parts of my machine above
described, and the drying apparatus herein-after described can also be used for
sizing, varnishing, or coloring sheets of paper, muslin, or other material. The sheet
cylinder C and the pasting device remain the same, but the well I is filled instead
of with paste with the sizing, varnishing, or coloring material desired.
With the pasting or sizing device F may also be combined an adjustable cam f³,
Figure 8, which is secured to the side of the sheet cylinder C, and which acts on a
lever connected to the arms i of the pasting or sizing device, so that whenever
the sheet on the sheet cylinder has been fully covered with paste, sizing, or other
material desired, the pasting or sizing device is automatically thrown out of contact
with the sheet cylinder. By moving the can f this portion of the mechanism can
be adjusted for sheets of different size.
The pasteboards are fed to the pasteboard cylinder E over the table J, their
correct position being insured by means of a gauge which is hung on a shaft
having its bearings in standards m rising from the table, said gauge being
depressed by the action of a spring or by its own gravity. On the end of the
shaft is mounted a lever o, and on the side of the pasteboard cylinder is secured a
cam 2, Figure 3, which strikes the lever o at the proper moment, causing the same
to raise the gauge, so that the pasteboard may be carried off by the action of the
gripers y on the pasteboard cylinders. Said gauge extends across the entire length
of the pasteboard cylinder, being provided with notches to allow the gripers to take
hold of the board, or the gauge may be made in sections one near each end of the
pasteboard cylinder, and one or more between so as to insure a correct position of
cach pasteboard to be delivered to said cylinder. I prefer to use a gauge extending
across the entire cylinder, because it holds such pasteboards which are curved or
bent down flat upon the surface of the cylinder.
The gripers g and are mounted on a shaft situated in a cavity in their
cylinder and extending across its whole length, the construction and operation of
said gripers being the same as on ordinary printing presses. With the gripers
and are combined throwing-off dogs s which are mounted loosely on the shaft ;
Figures 5 and 6. From the edge of the gripers project a toe t which catches
against a projection of the adjacent dog, so that when the gripers are thrown back
to the position shown in Figure 1 the dogs are raised. When the gripers are
turned down upon the pasteboard the dogs drop into cavities u in their cylinders,

page_text: being retained in this position by the action of springs v. When the gripers are
thrown open these springs are strained, so that the dogs fall back into their cavities
as soon as the gripers begin to close..
In each of the throwing off dogs is fitted a cushion 80 of rubber or other
equivalent material, and the gripers are made of such a length that the same when
they close bear against this cushion, or on that portion of the pasteboard or paper
which lays upon said cushion, and thereby the correct operation is insured.
By the gripers the pasteboard is retained on the pasteboard cylinder and
carried in between the same and the paper cylinder, and as it comes in contact with
the sheet of paper spread on this last-named cylinder, the paper being at that
moment released by its gripers adhere to said pasteboard, and then the pasteboard
is released by its gripers and delivered to the apron L which carries the same to
the drying apparatus, a guide plåte g" being applied to guide the boards regularly
to said apron.
The bearings of the pasteboard cylinders are in journal boxes & which slide in
the frame A, and which connect by rods e with arms projecting from a rock
shaft on which is mounted a lever eº. This lever can be made with a serrated
segment ", and by its action on the sliding boxes d the pasteboard cylinder can
be brought to bear against the paper cylinder with more or less force. The lever co
is made in the form of a strong spring, so that the contact between the two
cylinders is yielding and the pasteboard cylinder can accommodate itself to boards of
more or less thickness, while at the same time the proper pressure is exerted to
cause the paper and the pasteboard to adhere to each other uniformly throughout.
If these sliding boxes and the adjustable lever are used in combination with the
pasteboard cylinder, the boxes f of the paper cylinder are made rigid and without
supporting springs.
The apron L which receives the boards from the pasting apparatus extends from a
roller a over guide rollers b', b, around the drums O, N, under the guide roller c',
around the calendering roller P and over guide rollers d, e, f, g, h, i, j, back to
the roller a¹. Between the guide rollers and a bight is produced in the apron L,
and in this light is placed a roller ', from whose ends is suspended a yoke
which is attached a weight m". By this arrangement the apron is kept stretched
with a uniform tension,
to
A second apron M co-operates with the apron L; this second apron passes from a
roller m over the guide rollers b₁, b₁, around the drums O, N, to the guide roller c¹,
thence around the drum Q and over the guide rollers c¹, n, o¹, 21, back to the
roller m¹. Between the rollers o¹ and 2¹ the apron forms a bight to receive a roller
with the tension weight m° the same as described in the apron L. Each board
after having been deposited on the apron L is carried up over the first guide
roller b, where the same enters between the two aprons L, M, and being retained
between these two aprons it is carried round the heated drums O, N. With the
drum N is combined a pressing roller R which is depressed by means of a spring
lever S, the pressure being regulated by a serrated bar T. By this arrangement of
the aprons L, M, the wet pasteboard is prevented from coming in direct contact
with the surfaces of the heated drums O, N, so that the same cannot adhere to said
surfaces and by the pressing roller the paper and the pasteboard are firmly com-
pressed during the first stage of the drying process. As the aprons L, M, pass
the guide roller c¹ they separate and the board is carried by the apron L in direct
contact with the calendering roller P; it is then released by the apron L, and
allowed to pass down between the calendering roller P and the drum Q, whence it
is conducted by a guide plate U to the apron M which carries the same around the
drun Q, and in direct contact with the heated surface of said drum, and after
having become finally dried the board passes over a guide plate V, and the guide
roller e between the aprons L, M, and it is finally discharged over the guide
roller f¹.
The calendering roller P has its bearings in boxes 21 which are set on inclined
planes &', so that said roller bears by its own inherent gravity against the surface of
E

page_text: drum Q, and the boards in passing through between the roller and drum are exposed
to a uniform pressure.
By following the course of the aprons L, M, it will be noticed that in passing the
boards round the drums of the drying apparatus all sharp corners are avoided, and
the boards on leaving said apparatus are straight and uniformly dried.
The adhesive compound which I use for lining pasteboards, and also for other
operations is made of common paste mixed with a quantity of plaster of Paris
finely pulverized. The proportions in which these ingredients are mixed vary
according to the work to be accomplished.
This
For ordinary work I use paste two parts, plaster of Paris one part.
compound I use particularly for lining pasteboards. When ordinary paste is used
for this purpose the yellow or gray color of the pasteboard is liable to show through
the paper, and in order to produce good work paper of a certain thickness must be
used, and thereby the cost of lining pasteboards is materially increased.
With my adhesive compound I am enabled to use very thin paper, the plaster of
plaster forming a layer between the pasteboard and the paper which prevents the
appearance of the color of the pasteboard through the paper. And furthermore,
the plaster of Paris acts as a drier, whereby the operation of drying the lined
pasteboards is materially facilitated.
It is obvious that other adhesive materials, such as gluc, may be substituted for
paste in my compound, and instead of plaster of Paris any suitable powder inay be
used, though I use by preference the ingredients above specified.
If the paper used for lining is colored I mix the plaster of Paris with a pigment
corresponding with the color of the paper, or I use a powdered substance in place of
plaster of Paris, the color of which corresponds to that of the paper.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. The combination with the paper or sheet cylinder, and its pasting or
sizing device of gripers extending throughout the entire length of the cylinder for
the purpose of retaining the sheets in the proper position to receive the paste or
other material, and to keep such material from getting under said sheets as above
set forth.
Second. The combination with the pasting or sizing device of two arms which
form bearings for said pasting or sizing device, and which connect by toggle levers
or other suitable mechanism with a hand or foot lever, so that the pasting or sizing
device can be thrown out of contact with the paper or sheet cylinder at any moment
as above described.
Third. The combination with the pasteboard cylinder, and with its gripers of a
gauge which determines the correct position of each board to be delivered to the
cylinder, and which is raised automatically by the action of a cam on the cylinder
at the moment the gripers take hold of the board, as above set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the gripers on the pasteboard and sheet cylinders
of throwing-off dogs, whereby the pasteboards or sheets of paper or other material
are effectually kept from adhering to their cylinders, as above described.
Fifth. The combination with the sheet cylinder and the pasting or sizing device
of a drying apparatus consisting of a drying drum and calendar roller, as above
described and for the purpose set forth.
Sixth. The combination with the drying drum of a calendering roller which has
its bearings in journal boxes set on inclined planes, so that the same is caused to
bear against the surface of the drying drum by its inherent gravity, as above
described.
Seventh. The combination with the drying drum and the calender roller of two
endless aprons L, M, as above described and for the purpose set forth.
Eighth. The combination with two cylinders or rollers, one of which is to press
against the other of movable journal boxes, a spring lever, and a rack, whereby the
>

page_text: cylinders or rollers act against each other with a yielding pressure which can be
graduated, as above described.
Ninth. The tension apparatus for an endless apron consisting of a roller placed in
a bight formed by said apron combined with a yoke suspended from the gudgeon
of said roller, and a weight suspended from said yoke as above set forth.
Tenth. A pasting or sizing device consisting of an endless apron which moves in
contact with a roller situated in the paste fountain, and which bears against the
surface of the paper or sheet cylinder, as above described.
Eleventh. The combination of a cam f2 with the sheet cylinder C, and with the
pasting or sizing device F, as above described.
Twelfth. An adhesive compound made of paste or other adhesive material and of
plaster of Paris or other suitable powdered material, either white or colored, as
above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
JAS. EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
WM. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)