AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ROLLING AND CUTTING LOZENGES, AND ALSO OF CUTTING GUN WADS, WAFERS, AND ALL OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, BY MEANS OF A CERTAIN MACHINE DESIGNED BY ME, AND CONSTRUCTED OF DIVERS METALS AND WOODS
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOSEPH DREW the younger, of Saint Peter's Port, in the Island of
Guernsey, Confectioner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,
by Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Sixth day of September in the fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Joseph Drew, Her especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Drew, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said
Joseph Drow, my executors, administrators, or assigus, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick upon Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plan-
tations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ROLLING AND
CUTTING LOZENGES, AND ALSO OF CUTTING GUN WADS, WAFERS, AND ALL
OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, BY MEANS OF A CERTAIN MACHINE DESIGNED BY
ME, AND CONSTRUCTED OF DIVERS METALS AND WOODS;" in which said

page_text: Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the sand Joseph
Drew, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, particu-
larly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same
to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
my
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said Joseph Drew, do hereby declare that the nature of said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say :)
My improvements consist in the adaptation of certain machinery to
the purposes above mentioned (viz.,) the formation of lozenges and
other similarly shaped things, as wafers and gun wads, and some other
articles of the like forms. The compounding of materials for making
lozenges constitutes no part of my Invention, neither the composition
for the making of wafers, nor indeed any other articles to which my
improved machinery may be applicable; but the construction, arrange-
ment, and adaptation of mechanism capable of effecting the objects of
rolling paste or plastic matter as hereafter mentioned into sheets, and
afterwards of cutting these or other sheets into discs or other desired
forms, is the subject for which the above in part recited Letters Patent
have been granted to me. I shall therefore proceed to describe the
said machinery, referring to the Sheet of Drawings accompanying this
my Specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate the same
parts of the apparatus throughout all the Figures. An elevation of one
side of the machine is represented at Fig. 1; and at Fig. 2, a section
of the same taken longitudinally through about the middle of the
machine; and Fig. 3, is a horizontal view of the same as it would
appear from above. Upon a suitable frame and standards is placed an
inclined plane a, a, a, (which I prefer to be of plate brass), for the
purpose of receiving and conducting the plastic material of which the

page_text: lozenges are to be formed whilst that material is undergoing the
operation of being rolled into a flat sheet. Three, or it may be more,
pairs of rollers b, b, c, c, and d, d, intercept this inclined planc, between
which several pairs of rollers the plastic material is intended to pass,
and by which it is spread out flat and formed into a sheet of any
required thickness. When the material to be operated upon is of a
tough nature, a pair of fluted grooved or indented rollers may be used
with advantage to form a compact amalgamation previous to its passing
through the other rollers, in which case they are to be placed at the
upper part of the inclined plane before the other rollers. These rollers
b, b, c, c, and d, d, are severally coupled together by corresponding
toothed pinions *, *, and d, fixed on the ends of their axles (as seen
in Fig. 3), by which they are made to turn simultaneously in opposite
directions. At the reverse ends of the axles of the lower rollers, b, c,
and d, bevil pinions are affixed, which severally take into similar bevil
pinions on a lateral shaft e, e, mounted in bracket bearings at th⚫ side
of the frame, as seen in Figs. 1, and 3. On the outer end of the lower
roller b, a fly wheelf, is affixed, and also a winch or handle, or it might
be a pulley with a strap, by means of which this part of the machinery
is to be actuated.
Having now described the general construction of the apparatus for
rolling and spreading the material into sheets of which the lozenges are
to be made, 1 proceed to explain the mode of working by which it effects
that object. A suitable quantity of the material properly mixed for
making lozenges of any required kind is to be weighed out (say a
sufficient weight to cover, when rolled, the whole of the cutters). That
quantity of material is to be placed in a lump at the upper part of the
inclined plain; a rotary motion being then given to the rollers though
the winch and wheel or pulley f, the plastic material will be drawn
through between the first pairs of rollers b, b, and in so passing will be
spread out and regulated in its thickness. Sliding down the inclined
plain a, the material will then in like manner pass between the second
pair of rollers c, c, by which it will be further spread out and rendered
into a thinner sheet, and sliding onward upon the inclined plane a, it
will lastly proceed between the third pair of rollers d, d, by which it will

page_text: be spread out to its ultimate required thickness and extended dimen
sions into a sheet capable of being pierced or cut into the required
number of lozenges or other articles by 'an apparatus about to be de-
scribed. It may, however, be necessary to guard against the material,
which will generally be of a sticky nature, adhering to the surfaces of
the rollers. For this purpose each roller is furnished with a scraper
attached to a weighted lever g, 7, 9, and h, h, h, by which the scrapers
are made to act against the periphery of the rollers, and the sheet of
plastic material is thereby enabled to slide freely down to the bottom of
the inclined plane, where it is received on the upper surfaces of the
cutters and table, or it might be on to a board or plate, and afterwards
brought to the cutters. The cutting apparafus is shewn detached in a
horizontal view at Fig. 4, and in transverse elevation at Fig. 5, louking
towards the left of the preceding Figures. It consists of a series of
circular tubes i, i, i, i, inserted into a horizontal plate or table k, k
These tubes i, are made in the forms of frustrums of cones, having
sharp cutting edges at their upper ends, as shewn in the detached view
and section drawn at the full size in Fig. 6. They are not, however,
necessarily circular, but may be of any other shape, suited to the form
of lozenge or other article required to be cut out of a sheet of material
placed upon their upper edges. The table k, k, with its entters i, i, i,
are mounted on a frame or carriage 1, 2, which is made to slide upon the
upper edges of two horizontal bars m, m, forming parts of the standards
of the cutting apparatus. A horizontal rack bar n, is attached by a joint
to the frame, and by means of a winch and pinion p, taking into the
rack . the carriage with the table and cutters is moved to and fro
upon the horizontal bars. Before explaining the manner of cutting the
lozenges it will be necessary to describe more particularly the construe-
tion of the cutting apparatus and its appendages, which in some respects
resemble parts of a printing machine. At the side of the table there is
connected by hinge joints a plate 7, seen thrown back in Figs. 4, and 5.
which plate is perforated with holes corresponding to the positions of
the circular cutters fixed in the table. and may be called a frisket. The
plate when folded down upon the table lics flat, the eutters i, i, i.
protruding through it, as seen in Figures 1, and 2, and over this the

page_text: sheet of material to be cut into lozenges is placed. A tympan franic 1',
having a leathern back, also connected to the table by hinge joints, folds
down upon the sheet of material, the leather covering the material and
keeping it from shifting as the carriage and its appendages move along
the horizontal bars. The plastic material spread out upon the lower
part of the inclined plane a, slides down the plane as at z, in the three
first Figures, and comes into the top of the frisket plate y. and cutters
,,, the carriage being moved forward at the same time, in order
that the sheet of material may be extended smoothly over the top edges
of the cutting tubes; the tympan r, is then folded down upon the
sheet of material and the carriage moved onward by means of the
pinion and rack. In the progress of the carriage the table with
the material is passed under a heavy pressing rollers, which is sus-
pended by its pivots, or the ends of its axle turning in standards t, 1,
affixed to the horizontal bars m, m. The weight of this roller as the
table passes under it presses the plastic material into the orifices of the
cutting tubes i, i, i, by which the discs or lozenges are pierced out of the
sheet, and falling through the tubes deposit themselves upon a board 11,
below slidden into the carriage under the table, and when the lozenges
have been so deposited the board containing them is removed. The
weighted roller s, is now to be raised by slightly depressing the balance
lever v, and weight w, and the carriage is brought back towards the
inclined plane of the roller frame by turning the pinion p, which acts
upon the rack bar n, as before said. As soon as the carriage has
repassed the pressing roller the tympan is to be raised, and then
the frisket plate 9 thrown back, by which the surplus material or
portion of the sheet not cut into lozenges will be removed from the
cutters and table and let fall into a refuse vessel, to be afterwards
worked up into lozenges, as before described. In order to prevent any
of the material adhering to the tubes or circular cutters i, i, i, a series
of brushes a, d, e, are passed upwards through the tubes, which is done
by raising a pendant jointed lever y, seen in Fig. 5, connected to the
frame that the stems of the brushes are fixed in, as shewn at Fig. 9.
The frisket plate 4, is then laid down flat upon the table k, and a
board, introduced beneath, as before, and the carriage passed into

page_text: the situation as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, ready to receive a fresh
sheet of the material from the inclined plane a, of the rolling and
spreading apparatus, and another operation of spreading and cutting is
performed, as before described. A modification of a part of this
Invention, designed to punch discs or other forms of lozenges from a
sheet or thin cake of the lozenge material, is shewn at Figs. 7, 8,
and 9, which may in some cases be employed instead of the apparatus
for cutting discs or other forms by means of tubular cutters passed
under a roller, as above described. Fig. 7, is a front elevation of this
modified apparatus; Fig. 8, a side elevation; and Fig. 9, a longi-
tudinal section of the same, taken in the direction of the last Figure
near the middle of Fig. 7. An inclined plane A, A, A. may form a
continuation of the plane a, in Fig. 1, or constitute a portion of a
distinct machine; D, D, correspond to the last pair of rollers d, d,
in the former Figures. The cake of material, having passed between
the rollers D, D, slides down the plane A, and then passes between
the feeding rollers E, E, which carry it forward over a perforated
plate F, and when the sheet has been so brought over the holes of the
plate a series of punches G, G, G, G, are made to descend and punch
such portions of the sheet or thin cake through the plate as are to
constitute the lozenges. These punches G, are fixed into a horizontal
bar 1, which slides up and down between lateral guides I. T, and the
punches in their ascent and descent are guided by passing through
circular apertures in a stationary bar K, K, and the plate L, L. The
punches G, and bar H, are supported by weighted cords M, M, attached
to the bar ff, and passed over pullies, as seen in Fig. 7, which hold up
the punches in the positions shown, but when the sheet or cake, has
been brought on to the plate F, the punches are depressed by turning
the axle of the spur wheel N, which spur wheel, acting upon a tooth in
the back of a guide bar O, rising from the horizontal bar H, depresses
that bar and forces the punches G, through the sheet or cake of
material, and through the perforated plate F, by which means dises
orother formed lozenges are punched out of the sheet or cake and
deposited upon a receiving board P, placed upon a ledge below, the
punches being immediately raised to their quiescent position by the

page_text: weighted cords M, supposing rotary motion to have been given to the
lower roller D, by the means before described, or by any other con-
trivance. A pulley Q, on the shaft of that roller may carry an endless
band to a pulley R, on the shaft of the spur wheel V, and thereby
communicate the rotary motion simultaneously. This shaft has also a
tappet wheel S, at it's outer end (seen in Fig. 8,) which as it revolves
acts against a stud or roller in the lever T, and lifts that lever after
every operation of the punches G, at the same time causing a rod U,
to raise the arm V, to which a spring click is connected, taking into the
teeth of a ratchet wheel W, on the axle of the lower feeding roller E.
By these meaus, or by any other convenient means, the shaft of the
spur wheel N, and tappet wheel S, being made to revolve after every
operation of the punches, a fresh supply of the sheet or cake of
material is brought forward on the plate F, ready to be pierced, as
described. When the material to be cut does not require so much
pressure the weights may be dispensed with, and by crossing the band
the motion of the wheel will be received, and by that means the
punches will be raised instead of depressed, and their own weight in
falling will be sufficient to cut the material.
Having explained the construction and mode of working my improved
machine for rolling and cutting or punching lozenges, I would remark
that this machine is also applicable to the rolling and cutting of biscuits,
the size of the cutters being varied according to the article required to
be produced, and have only to add, that the cutting portions of the
machine are also applicable to cutting wafers, by placing the sheets of
wafer upon the frisket plate over the cutters and table, and passing the
carriage under the pressing roller, as in cutting lozenges, and that other
sheets of materials, such as paper, card, or felt, and other substances,
may by the same means be cut into discs and other forms for gun
wads, tops and bottoms of pill boxes, and various other uses.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Drew the younger, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and forty-two.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-eighth
day of February, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Joseph
Drew the younger came before our Lady the Queen, in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing
therein contained, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in that case
made and provided.
Inrolled the Fifth day of March, in the year above written.