AN IMPROVED SIZE OR ADHESIVE MIXTURE TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF FINISHING COTTON HEALD AND OTHER DOUBLED YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Broughton Edge and Enoch Hird, both of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
SIZE OR ADHESIVE MIXTURE TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF FINISHING COTTON
HEALD AND OTHER DOUBLED YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Sealed the 19th June 1865, and dated the 23rd December 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Broughton Edge
and Enoch Hird at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd December 1864.
We, JAMES BROUGHTON EDGE and ENOCH HIRD, both of Bolton, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SIZE OR ADHESIVE MIXTURE TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF
FINISHING COTTON HEALD AND OTHER DOUBLED YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
We employ an improved adhesive substance or mixture in the trough or
troughs of the doubling machines, the said troughs being placed between the
bobbins and rollers. Our improved mixture is composed of farina, linseed,

page_text: palm or cocoa-nut oil, gum arabic, common soda, white wax, and the whites
of eggs in about the following proportions:- To make ten gallons of this mix-
ture we take two pounds of farina, two pounds of linseed, two ounces palm
oil or cocoa-nut oil, one ounce gum arabic, four ounces common soda, two
ounces of white wax, and the whites of six good eggs. The said articles to be
mixed in the following manner:-The common soda to be put in one pint of
boiling water, and add to it the palm or cocoa-nut oil, the gum to be dissolved
in cold water; then put the linseed to boil in five gallons of water, and when
boiling add the soda, oil, and gum, and let them boil thirty-five or forty minutes.
The white wax must be dissolved in spirits of wine and put into the said
mixture when cold. We put the farina in cold water and crush out all lumps,
then put five gallons of water to boil, and when it is boiling pour the farina
in and allow it to boil about twenty minutes; then mix well all the said
ingredients together, and when cool beat well the whites of eggs very thin
and put them in the mixture and stir it well, when it is ready for use.
The improved machinery or apparatus which we use for finishing the doubled
yarns after they have left the doubling frames consists of a metal framework.
on which we place a drying cylinder, a gassing apparatus, a shaft for holding
the bobbins containing the doubled yarn, and a reel for receiving the finished
yarn. The yarn from the bobbins passes over the drying cylinder and over
the jets of gas, and from thence over a brush to the reel, the gas pipe to
which the jets are connected being constructed so as to move sideways when
the driving strap is moved to the loose pulley for stopping the machine, thus
removing the jets from the yarn and shutting off or lowering the gas at the
same time by a lever communicating with the stopping apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Broughton Edge and Enoch Hird in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 22nd June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BROUGHTON EDGE and ENOCH HIRD, both of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, .30
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said James Broughton Edge-and Enoch Hird, Her special license
that we, the said James Broughton Edge and Enoch Hird, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Broughton
Edge and Enoch Hird, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SIZE OR ADHESIVE MIXTURE TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF
FINISHING COTTON HEALD AND OTHER DOUBLED YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said James Broughton Edge: and Enoch Hird, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Broughton Edge and Enoch
Hird, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
We employ an improved adhesive substance or mixture in the trough or
troughs of the doubling machines, the said troughs being placed between the
bobbins and rollers. Our improved mixture is composed of farina, linseed,
palm or cocoa-nut oil, gum arabic, common soda, white wax, and the whites
of eggs in about the following proportions: To make ten gallons of
this mixture we take two pounds of farina, two pounds of linseed, two
ounces palm oil or cocoa-nut oil, one ounce of gum arabic, four ounces of
common soda, two ounces of white wax, and the whites of six good
eggs. The said articles to be mixed in the following manner :-The com-
mon soda to be put in one pint of boiling water and add to it the palm
or cocoa-nut oil, the gum to be dissolved in cold water; then put the
linseed to boil in five gallons of water, and when boiling add the soda, oil, and
gum, and let them boil thirty-five or forty minutes. The white wax must
be dissolved in spirits of wine and put into the said mixture when cold. We
put the farina in cold water and crush out all lamps, then put five gallons of
water to boil, and when it is boiling pour the farina in and allow it to boil

page_text: about twenty minutes, then mix well all the said ingredients, and when cool
beat well the whites of the eggs very thin and put them in the mixture and
stir it well, when it is ready for use.
The improved machinery or apparatus which we use for finishing the doubled
yarns after they have left the doubling frames consists of a metal framework, on
which we place a drying cylinder, a gassing apparatus, a creel for holding the
bobbins containing the doubled yarns, and a reel for receiving the finished yarns.
The yarns from the bobbins pass round the drying cylinder and over the jets of
gas, and after passing in contact with a brush are wound on the reel, the gas
pipes to which the jets are connected being so arranged as to move sideways and
remove the jets from the yarns when. the driving strap is moved to the loose
pulley for stopping the machine, and at the same time the gas is shut off or
lowered by a lever communicating with the stopping apparatus.
This part of our Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the
figures and letters of reference on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in
which Figs. 1 and 2 are end and front elevations of the aforesaid improved
machinery; a represents the framework of the machine; b, the creel; c, the
bobbins containing the unfinished yarns; d, the drying cylinder; e, f, the gas
pipes and jets; g, the traversing bar; h, the reel; i, the driving shaft; k, l, the
fast and loose pulleys; m, the strap; and n, the strap fork. The drying cylinder
d revolves in the bearings o, and has steam circulating through it by means of
the steam pipe p and eduction pipe q. The gas pipes e containing the jets
fare jointed to the main gas pipe r, which is provided with a cock y' for regu-
lating or shutting off the gas. The strap fork n is fixed to the bar s, placed
in bearings for enabling it to be moved to and fro by the stopping and starting
handle t, and in the bar there are holes through which the gas pipes e are passed,
and to the bar is connected a lever or handle for working the cock y', so that
when the strap m is on the fast pulley the bar will hold the jets under the
yarns, and when the strap is on the loose pulley k and the machine stopped
the bar will hold the jets away from the yarns, as shewn by the dotted lines,
and the lever or handle z¹ will have turned the plug of the cock y¹ and shut
off or lowered the gas. The traversing bar g, carrying the guide pulleys v, is
linked at one end to a crank w on the top of the vertical shaft x, to which
motion is given from the driving shaft i by the bevil gearing y, z, and between
the guide pulleys v and reel h there is a brush a¹, Fig. 1, with which the yarns
come in contact. When the machine is at work the yarns from the bobbins
pass round the drying cylinder d, under and over the pulleys b¹, over the jets
of gas, over the guide pulleys v, and then in contact with the brush a', to the

page_text: reel h, on which they are wound, the said reel being the medium by which
they are drawn through the machine. In addition to the handlet for stop-
ping and starting the machine by hand, there is a self-acting stopping motion
for stopping the machine after the reel has wound on the required number of
coils or layers of finished yarns. To the bar s, to which the strap fork n is
attached, we fix a bracket c', Fig. 2, carrying a lever d', having a notched end
e, which can be in contact with or free from a stationary detent f¹, and to
the lever is fixed a stud g¹, to which is connected the chain h¹, which passes
over pulleys and carries the weight . On the driving shaft i there is a
worm m', Fig. 2, gearing into the worm wheel n¹ on the cross shaft o², having
fixed to it a tooth p¹, which at each revolution gears into the rack q' and
raises it and the small frame r¹ and arm s¹ the height of a tooth, in which
position they are held by the spring and rack u¹, and when the rack is
arriving at its highest position the arm s' raises the lever d', and releases it
from the detent f, thereby allowing the weight to pull the lever d³, bar s,
and strap fork n, and shift the strap from the fast to the loose pulley and stop
the machine at the exact time the several lengths of the finished yarns are
wound on the reel, and thus it will be seen that the several operations of dry-
ing, gassing, brushing, and reeling the yarns are all performed in one and the
same machine. For facilitating the removal of the hanks from the reel we
employ the following arrangement:-To the shaft of the reel and to one of its
bars or ribs we fix bearings a³, 63, to which are jointed connecting rods c³, d².
To the right-hand bearing 63 is cast or fixed the bracket e, provided with a
set screw, and to the right-hand connecting rod d³ is jointed a rod 9%, which
passes through a hole in the bracket. When the reel is used for reeling, the
connecting rods are vertical and the moveable bar or rib is at its greatest
distance from the shaft, and these positions are maintained by screwing
the set screw fast against the rod 9%, but when the screw is slackened
the rod can be shifted so as to place the connecting rods angular and
lower the bar or rib, and thereby loosen the hanks.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire
it to be understood that we claim,-
First, the improved adhesive substance or mixture in the trough or troughs
of the doubling machines.
And, secondly, the combination of the drying cylinder, gassing apparatus,
and reel in one and the same machine, and the methods of shifting all
the gas jets from the yarns or threads and shutting off or lowering the

page_text: gas when the machine is being stopped, as all such improvements are herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Broughton Edge and Enoch
Hird, have, hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of
June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Broughton
Edge and Enoch Hird in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
J. BROUGHTON EDGE. (L.B.)
ENOCH HIRD.
(L.B.)