IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carrington Sellars, of Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
** IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carrington Sellars
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th January 1872.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to solidify peat charcoal, wood charcoal,
dried and powdered peat, known as peat smalls, bituminous and
anthracite coal dust or powder, and coke dust or powder, that a service-
able fuel suitable for general uses, but particularly applicable for
metallurgical purposes, shall be produced. For that purpose I thoroughly
mix or incorporate with the said peat or wood charcoal, peat smalls,
coal or coke dust or powder, as an agglutinating or binding agent, sea

page_text: weed, sea grass, or sea wrack, hereafter for brevity called sea ware, or
the liquor obtained from sea ware by maccration or washing, or obtained
from decomposing sea ware, and afterwards mould the mixed mass into
bricks or other forms of the desired shape.
When it is desired to produce very hard fuel under my Invention a
moulding machine acting by blows and compression may be employed.
The sea ware or liquor thereof, or both together, may be mixed in
varying quantities.
As illustrations, I (1.) add by weight to dry peat charcoal double the
quantity of sea ware and after moulding the mixed mass by hand or in
a mould by machinery, drive off the moisture or allow such moisture
to evaporate; or (2.) I add by weight to dry peat charcoal an equal
weight of a strong viscous solution of sca ware liquor, and after moulding
drive off the excess of moisture by heat, or allow it to evaporate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Carrington Sellars in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Carrington Sellars, Her special
licence that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Carrington
Sellars, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors or administrators,

page_text: and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is so to solidify peat charcoal, wood
charcoal, dried and powdered peat, known as peat smalls, bituminous
and anthracito coal dust or powder, and coke dust or powder, that a
serviceable fuel suitable for general uses, but particularly applicable for
metallurgical purposes, shall be produced. For that purpose I thoroughly
mix or incorporate with the said peat or wood charcoal, peat smalls,
coal or coke dust or powder, as an agglutinating or binding agent, sea
weed, sea grass, or sea wrack, hereafter for brevity called sea ware, or
the liqour obtained from sea ware, by maceration or washing, or obtained
from decomposing sea ware, and afterwards mould the mixed mass into
bricks or other forms of the desired shape.
When it is desired to produce very hard fuel under my Invention, a
moulding machine acting by blows and compression may be employed.
The sea ware or liquor thereof, or both together, may be mixed in
varying quantities.
As illustration, I (1.) add by weight to dry peat charcoal double the
quantity of sea ware in the moist state as collected, and after mixing by
grinding between horizontal millstones or by other means, mould the
mixed mass by hand or in a mould by machinery, and drive off the
excess of moisture, or allow such moisture to evaporate; or (2.) I add
by weight to dry peat charcoal an equal weight of a strong viscuous
solution of sea ware liquor, and after moulding drive off the excess of
moisture by heat, or allow it to evaporate.
The quantities of sea ware or the liquor thereof herein-before named,
when added to wood charcoal and the other carbonaceous substances
mentioned, answer as well in every respect as with peat charcoal.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and par-
ticularized the same, I claim, manufacturing artificial fuel from
carbonaceous matters mixed with sea ware or the liquor thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Carrington Sellars, have herc-
unto set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS. (L.S.)
In the presence of
JOHN LING,
Clerk to J. T. King,
Liverpool.