IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Mudge Marchant, of Kirby Street,
'
Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
ICE, AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Mudge Marchant
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th June 1871.
I, ROBERT MUDGE MAROHANT, of Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, Oivil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ICE, AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the compression of air to any required
pressure and to its expansion into the atmosphere, so as to obtain the
necessary cold for the manufacture of ice, and for other refrigerating
purposes, this principle of producing cold being well understood.

page_text: My improvements consist in the application and adaptation of what I
call the stage process of pumping for the purpose of compressing air
with the object above mentioned. This stage process is fully described
in the Specifications of my Patents of 28th January 1869, No. 264,
and 13th April 1870, No. 1086.
In carrying out my Invention I combine with the pumps for effecting
the stage process of pumping any ordinary refrigerator, and after having
compressed the air to the required pressure, that is to say, until I
produce what in the Specification of my said Patent of 1870 I have
termed the "white cloud," I let off this compressed air or white
cloud into the refrigerator either directly or through any intermediate
apparatus for utilizing the expansive power.
The expansion of the compressed air in the refrigerator will, according
to the well-known principle above stated, produce cold sufficient to
freeze water or to refrigerate any fluid or material placed in the 1
refrigerator.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Mudge Marchant in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th December 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
MUDGE MAROHANT, of Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, Her special licence
that I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING

page_text: PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
Mudge Marchant, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the compression of air to any required
pressure and to its expansion into the atmosphere, so as to obtain the
necessary cold for the manufacture of ice, and for other refrigerating
purposes, this principle of producing cold being well understood.
My improvements consist in the application and adaptation of what I
call the stage process of pumping for the purpose of compressing air
with the object above mentioned. This stage process is fully described
in the Specifications of my Patents of 28th January 1869, No. 264,
and 13th April 1870, No. 1086.
In carrying out my Invention I combine with the pumps for effecting
the stage process of pumping any ordinary refrigerator, and after having
compressed the air to the required pressure, that is to say, until I
produce what in the Specification of my said Patent of 1870. I have
termed the "white cloud," I let off this compressed_air or white
cloud into the refrigerator either directly or through any intermediate
apparatus for utilizing the expansive power.
The expansion of the compressed air in the refrigerator will, according
to the well-known principle above stated, produce cold sufficient to
freeze water or to refrigerate any fluid or material placed in the
refrigerator.
The accompanying Drawings shew two arrangements of stage pump-
ing apparatus suitable for carrying out this Invention. Figures 1, 2,
and 3 are respectively a plan, an elevation, and a sectional elevation of
onc arrangement, and Figure 4 an elevation, partly in section, of the
other arrangemont.

page_text: a, a, are the valves by which the air to be compressed enters the first
pump chamber 6¹, from which chamber it passes through water and
through check valves c successively to the other chambers 6º, 6º, b', b³,
6º, 67, 68, the pumping being thus effected by stages, as described in the
Specification of my Patent of 13th April 1870 herein-before referred to;
d is a crank shaft worked by hand or machinery in any convenient
manner, and e, e, are excentrics on this shaft for working the pumps;
there are two chambers to each pump.
The valves c, c, all open
upwards, so that the charge is delivered through them to the next
chamber, from which it has access to the next following pump through
another check valve, and so on, so that with each forcing beat of the
pumps a charge goes forward into the chamber, and by the retiring
plunger of the next following pump its equivalent under the pressure
already attained is admitted to such pump and again passed forward.
From the last chamber 6 the compressed air is delivered by the outlet
or passage to the refrigerator, which may be of any ordinary con-
struction. Between the outlet f and the refrigerator I fit a pressure
valve loaded to the determined pressure from which the compressed air
is to be expanded.
The expansion of the compressed air in the refrigerator will, as before
'stated, produce sufficient cold to freeze water or to refrigerate any fluid
or material placed in the refrigerator; or, if it is desired to cool a room,
the compressed air is discharged into the room as into the refrigerator.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of December Ono
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.