IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE SHIFTING OF GRAIN OR OTHER LOOSE CARGOES IN SHIPS' HOLDS AND IN AUXILIARY RUDDERS FOR VESSELS
Year: 1874

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE SHIFTING OF GRAIN OR OTHER
LOOSE CARGOES IN SHIPS' HOLDS AND IN AUXILIARY RUDDERS FOR VESSELS."
-A communication from abroad by Remigio Lo Forte, of New
York, and Robert Quintaralle, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings,
both in the State of New York, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 17th February 1874, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
:

page_text: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE SHIFTING OF GRAIN OR OTHER LOOSE CARGOES
IN SHIPS' HOLDS AND IN AUXILIARY RUDDERS FOR VESSELS," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that it has been communicated to me from abroad by
Remigio Lo Forte, of New York, and Robert Quintaralle, of Brooklyn,
in the County of Kings, both in the State of New York, United States
of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
One object of this Invention is to provide steam and sailing vessels
with proper means for preventing the injurious shifting or rolling of
grain or seed cargoes within their holds. Cargo of the kind named is
usually shipped by being poured into the holds of the vessel till it nearly
reaches the decks. During the rolling of a ship in a heavy sea such
cargo has its surface displaced in conformity with the motion of the ship,
and tons are thus at every oscillation of the ship shifted from side to
side, much to the injury of the vessel and cargo, and loss of speed.
According to the present Invention such injurious displacement of the
cargo is avoided by the application of a series of blades or planks which
are hinged to the under side of the deck and extend into the grain or
seed cargo, forming partitions of sufficient downward extent to prevent
the surface grain between any two of said blades from entering the
space of any other two of said blades. At a small expense therefore
ships can be arranged to hold cargo of the kind described, and even
liquid cargo if such there be, steady in their holds.
Another object of the Invention is to prevent the loss of vessels in
case their rudders are swept away or broken by a heavy sea, and to
provide auxiliary rudders for such contingencies and means for rapidly
applying them. To effect this I construct auxiliary rudders with swivel
blocks at their front edges, and provide the stern of the vessel on both

page_text: sides with a system of chains and pulleys for rapidly and conveniently.
attaching the auxiliary rudder in place.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 is a vertical trans-
verse section of a ship provided with the improved grain cargo steadier,
and showing the hinged blades suspended.
T
sides with a system of chains and pulleys for rapidly and conveniently.
attaching the auxiliary rudder in place.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 is a vertical trans-
verse section of a ship provided with the improved grain cargo steadier,
and showing the hinged blades suspended.
Figure 2 is a face view of part of one hinged blade.
Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section of the ship's deck and blades,
showing the latter folded against the deck.
Figure 4 is a detail perspective view of the straps and devices whereby
the blades are hinged.
Figure 5, a detail perspective view of one of the brace chains and
devices whereby the blades are held suspended.
Figure 6 is a side view of the stern portion of a vessel having the
improved rudder attachment.
Figure 7 is a detail perspective view of one of the swivel blocks used
on the auxiliary rudder.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the
Figures.
With reference more particularly to Figures 1 to 5 the letter A repre-
sents the hull of a suitable ship, and B the deck thereof, near to which
the cargo is to extend; C, C, C, are a series of planks or blades which,
are hinged to the under side of the deck B, so that they can extend
vertically into the hold, as indicated in Figure 1.
The blades may be made of metal or wood, and are, if of wood, by
preference hinged by straps a, a, that embrace them to devices b, b, that
are fastened to the deck beams in manner indicated in Figure 4; but
they may be hinged in other suitable manner. I prefer to suspend the
blades parallel to each other lengthwise in the ship, as indicated, but
they may also hang obliquely to one another, and some may be supported
crosswise in the ship. Each blade is in its suspended position braced by
two chains d and e, or if desired fastened in such position by hooks or
bolts; but the brace chains are preferable, because by their means the
blades may when not used be more easily swung flat under the deck in
manner indicated in Figure 3, and thus brought out of the way entirely.

page_text: In the last mentioned position the blades may also be fastened by
suitable bolts or hooks, or when the chains d are used and the straps a
an eye on the lower end of each strap may by a link g be connected
with the hook h that otherwise holds the upper end of the chain d, as
will more fully appear by reference to Figures 4 and 5. The blades may
also be made readily removeable from the deck, from which they are
suspended into the hold.
Now it will be observed that a ship provided with the afore-mentioned
suspended blades will be fitted for the reception of any kind of cargo,
for if it is to be used for carrying grain and the like the blades are let
down, as in Figure 1, into the cargo, while if boxes, bales, or barrels
constitute the cargo they will be swung up, as in Figure 3, out of the
way or entirely removed from the deck. For facilitating the manipu-
lation of the blades each length of the same may be made in two or
more sections, as indicated in Figure 2.
In Figure 6 the letter D represents an auxiliary rudder applied to the
stern of the ship A. This auxiliary rudder, which is kept on deck while
the main rudder is in working order, has two blocks i and j swivelled in
its front edge, that is to say, sunk into it, as shown, and pivoted in it by
vertical pins. Each block i, j, is by preference of cylindrical or barrel-
like form, and has at both sides projecting loops 1, 1, as is more fully
indicated in Figure 7. The block i is applied near to the upper and the
block j near to the lower end of the auxiliary rudder D. At each side
of the ship are arranged two endless chains m and n, both passing around
proper pulley blocks that are fastened to the vessel for its reception.
The lower pulley block o of the chain m is in line about with the place
which the block i will occupy at the stern of the ship when the auxiliary
rudder is in position for use. The lower pulley block p of the chain n
is in line about with the place which the block j will occupy when the
rudder D is applied to the ship. The upper pulley blocks of both chains
m, n, are near the deck or otherwise within convenient reach of the
crew.
Now if the regular rudder is lost the auxiliary rudder is hauled to
the stern of the vessel, and has two chains attached to each of its blocks
i,j, so that on each side of the rudder it will be connected with two
chains and s, the chain r connecting with the block i and the chain s
with the block j. These chains 7, 8, are drawn by means of the chains