Process of Casting Ingots. FORM INGOTS
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process of Casting Ingots.
I, WILLIAM RUSSELL HINSDALE, of No. 800 Broad Street, in the City of
Newark, County of Essex and State of New Jersey, in the United States of
America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for PROCESS
OF FORMING INGOTS, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in a modification of the process of casting ingots set forth
and described in my British Patent No. 251 dated January 6 1891; and its primary
object is to locate the shrinkage cavity along one side of the ingot, and to make
the cavity of long and narrow form so as to be readily closed in the rolling operation
to which such ingots are subjected. To effect these results, I do not reverse the
mold, as set forth in my said patent, but, after chilling the upper surface of the
metal, I turn the mold into a nearly horizontal position inclining its mouth down-
ward sufficiently to flow the metal against the chilled end. The falling of the metal
from the top side of the mold, in shrinking, then locates the cavity along the side
of the ingot, as desired.
In the drawing, Bessemer molds are shown; Fig. 1 representing in section a pit
for holding such molds while filling them with the metal, also a mold in the pit,
one upon a car adjacent thereto, and one upon a sling in transportation to the car.
Fig. 2 is a section of one mold in an inclined position, as at A' in Fig. 1.
p is the pit, B the car adjacent thereto, A the mold standing upright in the
pit, A¹ the mold held in an inclined position in a sling canter, and A² the mold
lying horizontally upon the car B.
The mold is shown with a removable bottom c, secured thereto by keys d which
pass through the posts e, projecting from the bottom c, and over the lugs a upon
the mold. A cap g is applied to the mouth of the mold, the same being held in
place by a bar h inserted through the eyes upon the mold.
k
I are the trunnions on the mold, and m the carrier or hanger with branches
having bearings m¹ (as shown upon the mold A) to embrace the trunnions and
sustain the mold movably.
The trunnions are placed nearest the bottom of the mold, and a stop pin n is
provided on the mold to arrest its motion when inclined, as at A', with the mouth
of the mold a little lower than the bottom, the line ac showing the true level.
The shrinkage cavity o is of long and narrow shape, nearly parallel with the
upper side of the ingot (Fig. 2), and is formed by placing the ingot in an inclined
position after chilling the top of the casting.
When the metal is poured into the mold A, the top is first chilled by wet sand or
by the сар 9. and the ingot is then turned in an inclined position while the core is
fluid; as indicated by the dotted line p¹. In this position the fluid metal flows
toward the chilled crust at the mouth of the mold and prevents the entrance of
air; while the falling of the metal from the upper side of the mold, in shrinking,
distributes the cavity along that side and makes the cavity very slender in its cross
section.
Such a cavity is closed up with much less rolling than a globular one near the
axis of the ingot, and as the walls are not oxidized, they are readily welded together
by rolling and the product is free from any seam or defect. I thus secure a sound
ingot as effectively as by reversing the mold in the manner set forth in my said
patent.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The process of forming ingots which consists in first casting the metal in a mold,
secondly, chilling the upper end of the metal, and thirdly, placing the ingot in an
inclined position and flowing the metal against such chilled end to distribute the
shrinkage cavity along one side of the ingot.
Dated this 24th day of March 1891.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, E.C., Patent Agent.