IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES EMPLOYED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Atherton, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, William Boyes, of the same Place, Manufacturer, and
William Lancaster, of the same Place, Manufacturer, for the Invention
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Atherton, William
Boyes, and William Lancaster at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th April 1855.
We, JOHN ATHERTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, WILLIAM BOYES, of the same Place, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM
LANCASTER, of the same Place, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES EMPLOYED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions & arrangements of
temples, and also to an improved form of cover to be used in connection with
such temples. According to one arrangement, one or more small rollers are
employed, composed of any suitable material; brass, however, being preferred.
These rollers are furnished with several series of teeth or toothed discs, such
series being situated at equal distances along the entire length of the rollers,
but so arranged as to occur alternately on each roller, so that when the two
rollers are working together the several series of teeth on the one roller will
correspond to the intervening spaces on the other roller. Over these toothed
rollers is placed a cap or cover of an improved form, the inner surface of such

page_text: cap or cover being grooved or fluted, to correspond with the series of teeth on
the rollers. The edge of the cloth at each side of the loom passes between the
rollers and the cap or cover, which, being grooved internally, forces the teeth
into the cloth as it passes along to the beam, and thus keeps it to its full width
and prevents contraction, while the forward motion of the cloth is not impeded.
In making the toothed rollers, they are first cast or otherwise formed with a
number of projecting beads or rims, according to the number of rows or series
of teeth required, and these rims are then cut into teeth by the aid of
suitable revolving cutters, while the roller is held in a lathe. When these
rollers pass along the whole width of the cloth they are usually called trough
temples, and the trough can be fluted in the same way as the cap or cover,
above described. Another form of temple consists of two plain rollers, situated
some distance apart, and having an endless belt of leather passed round them,
such belt being fitted with a series of pins projecting from its outer surface,
and a cap or cover, which is groovéd or fluted to correspond to the series of
teeth in the belt or belts, is placed over them. The selvages of the cloth pass
between the pins and cap, thereby causing the belts to revolve round the
rollers and keep the. cloth at the required tension. The frame which, carries.
the temples is allowed to slide towards the front of the loom by a friction
spring, or other suitable friction apparatus, in case the shuttle should come in
contact with the temple. If the shuttle should strike the roller frame, the
latter will be forced back towards the front of the loom, and there remain
until the attendant restores it to its original position, when the loom is set in
motion again. A third construction of temple rollers consists in making them
of a conical shape, that is, tapering towards the centre of the cloth, by which
means the cloth is kept better extended towards the selvages. This peculiar
form is applicable to all kinds of temple rollers, whether cut or cast or roughed
in any other manner, and whether they are side temples or trough temples
extending across the cloth. - :
Another portion of the Invention consists in casting temple rollers with the
pins or teeth in their circumference, in place of forming such pins-or teeth
thereon, or fitting them thereto after the rollers have been cast.
.
Another modification of temple consists in having three rollers, either
grooved, fluted, or plain, one placed above another, and the cloth passing
between them and the third roller, so placed behind the others as to be pressed
by the action of the cloth against the upper one of the two front rollers, and
thereby increase the friction of the rollers and hold the cloth tight.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Atherton, William Boyes, and William Lancaster in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
ATHERTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, WILLIAM
BOYES, of the same Place, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM LANCASTER, of the
same Place, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Atherton, William Boyes, and William Lancaster, Her special license
that we, the said John Atherton, William Boyes, and William Lancaster, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John
Atherton, William Boyes, and William Lancaster, our executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands; and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Atherton,
William Boyes, and William Lancaster, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Atherton, William Boyes, and
William Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
Our improvements relate to self-acting temples, such as are employed in
looms for weaving, for the purpose of keeping the cloth or textile fabric
distended to its proper width as it is woven, and consists of certain novel and
peculiar constructions and arrangements of such temples, and also of an
improved form of cover to be employed. in connection therewith, for the

page_text: purpose of keeping the fabric in close and forced contact with the temple in
the process of weaving..
According to the first arrangement of our Invention, one or more small
rollers are employed, composed of any suitable material (brass, however, being
preferred). These rollers are furnished with several series of teeth or toothed
rims or rings, such rims being situated at equal distances apart along the
entire length of the roller. When two rollers are employed; the teeth are so
arranged as to occur alternately upon each roller, so that when the rollers are
working together the several series of teeth upon the one roller will correspond
with the intervening spaces upon the other roller. Over these toothed rollers
is placed a cap or cover of an improved form, the inner surface of such cap or
cover being grooved or fluted, in correspondence with the series of teeth of
the rollers. The edge or selvage of the fabric at each side of the loom
passes between a roller or rollers and the cap or cover, which, being grooved
internally, forces the teeth into the cloth as it passes along to the beam, and
thus maintains it at its full width and prevents contraction thereof, whilst the
forward motion of the cloth on to the beam is not impeded. In making these
toothed rollers, they may be first cast or otherwise formed with a number of
projecting beads or rimis; according to the number of rows or series of teeth
required, and these rims are then cut into teeth by means of suitable revolving
cutters, whilst the roller is held in a lathe. When these rollers are of the
kind called "trough temples," and extend the whole width of the cloth, the
trough in which they revolve should be fluted in the same manner as the cap
or cover, above described.
Another method of forming the teeth of the temple rollers is by cutting an
angular-threaded screw thereon, and fluting or grooving the same longitudinally
into teeth, blank spaces being turned or otherwise formed in one, two, three, or
more places, opposite to which raised ribs or projections are 'cast or otherwise
formed upon the inside of the cap; cover, or trough.
According to the second arrangement of our Invention, 'the form or con-
struction of temple consists of two plain' rollers, situated some distance apart,
with their axes parallel, and having an endless belt or strap of leather passed
around them, such belt being provided with rows or series of pins' projecting
from its outer surface. Above this strap is placed a cap or cover, which is
grooved or fluted, so as to correspond with the series of teeth upon the belt or
strap. The selvages of the cloth pass between the pins and the cap or cover,
"thereby causing the belt to revolve around the rollers, and keep the cloth at
the required tension..
...
According to the third arrangement of our Invention, the form or construc-

page_text: tion. of temple consists in making.. them of a conical form, that is, tapering
towards the centre of the cloth, by which means the cloth is kept much better
distended towards the selvages. This peculiar form is.applicable to all kinds of
temple rollers, whether cut, cast, or roughed in any other manner, and whether
they are side temples or trough temples extending across the whole width of
the cloth.
A fourth portion of this Invention consists in casting temple rollers with the
pins or teeth on their circumference, in place of forming such pins or teeth
thereon according to the mode in common use, or fitting them thereinto after
the rollers have been cast.
In all of these arrangements the frame which carries the rollers may be
attached or fixed in a rigid manner to the frame of the loom, but we prefer
that it should be so. arranged as to be capable of sliding in fixed brackets
towards the front of the loom, being held moderately firm by means of a
friction spring, or other suitable friction apparatus, so that in the event of the
temple or frame being struck by the shuttle or otherwise it will give way, and
will remain displaced until restored to its position by the workman, when the
loom is again set in motion. Such being the nature and object of our Inven-
tion of "Improvements in Temples employed in the Manufacture of Textile
Fabrics," we will proceed to describe the manner of carrying the same into
practical effect.
And in order more fully to explain our Invention, we have hereunto annexed
a Sheet of Drawings, representing various modifications and arrangements of
our Invention, such Drawings being marked with figures and letters of
reference, corresponding parts being marked with similar letters.
Figure 1 on the Drawings represents a plan view of the arrangement of our
Invention, first herein-before mentioned, the cap or cover being removed in
order to shew the temple rollers; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same, taken
through the line A, B, in Figure 1; and Figure 3 is a view of the under side
or. interior of the cap or cover. a, a, is the bracket, which is to be bolted or
otherwise fixed to the breast beam of the loom. Upon the bracket a the roller
frame b, b, is mounted, so. as to be capable of sliding. This roller frame is
prevented from sliding too freely by the pressure of a friction spring c, c. The
frame b. carries the temple rollers d, d, which are provided with notched rims or
rings e, e, the said rims being.so arranged as that they alternate, that is to say,
each rim upon each roller comes opposite to a space upon the other roller, and
not opposite to a rim. .f, f, is. the cap or cover, which is provided internally
with grooves g, g, corresponding with the notched rims e, e, upon the rollers.
This спр is capable of being adjusted and fixed by means of: the set screw h.

page_text: Figure 4 is a plan view of a modification of the preceeding arrangement, in
which only one roller is employed, the cover being removed; Figure 5 is a view
of the under side. or interior of the cap or cover; and Figure 6 is a vertical
transverse section of the same, through the line C, D, in Figure 4; Figure 7 is
a plan- view of another modification of this arrangement of temple; Figure 8
is a transverse and vertical section through the line E, F, in Figure 7; and
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of the same, taken through the axis of the
roller. As these Figures are illustrations, of mere modifications of the first-
described arrangement, similar letters indicating corresponding parts in all the
Figures, no further description is necessary. In the last-described modification,
however, the cover turns. over upon a hinge or pin, and the teeth of the roller
are formed by first turning or otherwise forming an angular threaded screw
thereon; and then grooving or fluting the same in a longitudinal direction, so
as to form teeth, the principal novelty consisting in having the blank spaces
córresponding with the raised projections g, g, on the.cap or cover f. Figure 10
is a plan view of the second arrangement of our Invention, with the cover
removed; Figure 11 is a vertical and transverse section through the line G, H;
and Figure 12 is a longitudinal section, through the line I, K, in Figure 10.
The roller frame a, a, (which must be mounted in a similar manner to the
roller frames previously described) carries the rollers b,, b, over which. is
distended an endless belt or band c, c, which is furnished with rows or series of
pins d, d. The cap or cover'e, e, is provided, with grooves f, f, corresponding
with the rows. or series of pins, and is adjustable by means of the set screw g.
Figure 13 is a plan view, of the third arrangement of our Invention, applied as
a "trough temple," one end of the temple only being shewn; Figure 14 is a
transverse section, and Figure 15 a longitudinal section of the sanie.
a, a, is
the temple roller; capable of revolving in steps b, b, one step being placed at
each end. These steps are adjustable and fixed to the ends of the trough c, c,
by means of the set screw d. The teeth; of the roller, are formed as before
described with reference.to Figúres 7, 8, and 9, and the trough is formed with
riins. e, è, projecting inwards over against the blank spaces in the roller, for the
purpose of keeping the cloth in forced contact with the teeth as it passes
between the roller and the trough. .Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19 illustrate the
fourth part of our Invention, which consists in a method of fixing pins into
the rollers by casting. The pins are first driven through flat pieces a, a, of
lead, or other suitable soft metal or alloy of metals, so as to project on each
side, as shewn at Figure 16: These pieces of metal are then bent into a semi-
cylindrical form, as shewin at Figure 17, and being then placed together in such
a manner that their edges touch, the body of the roller is formed by pouring in

page_text: molten metal, thus uniting the pieces together and firmly fixing the pins into
the rollers (see Figures 18 and 19, end and front views). The journals b, b,
of the roller may either be formed of the molten metal, or they may be
made of an iron pin inserted previously to pouring in the molten metal, and
so cast in the roller.
Having thus described the nature and object of our said Invention of
Improvements in Temples employed in the Manufacture of Textile Fabrics,
together with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we would
remark. in conclusion, that we claim as our Invention the general arrange-
ments and peculiar constructions of temples, as shewn in the annexed Drawings,
and above particularly set forth and described; more especially the grooved
form of the cap or trough, the projections on the cap or trough opposite to the
blank spaces upon the roller, the arrangement of the rollers (when two or more
are employed), so that the pins on the several rollers shall alternate or come
opposite to the spaces on the adjoining roller or rollers, the method of form-
ing temple rollers as described with reference to Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19;
and, lastly, the conical form of the temple roller tapering towards the centre,
as shewn in the Drawings, and herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Atherton, William Boyes, and
William Lancaster, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the
Thirteenth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN ATHERTON.
WILLIAM BOYES.
(L.S.)
(L.B.)
Signed and sealed in the presence of
WILL. GILBERTSON, Sol",
Preston.
WILLIAM LANCASTER. (L.S.)