IMPROVEMENTS IN 'VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Westmorland, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Contractor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
'VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 11th January 1876, and dated the 17th July 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Westmorland
•
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th July 1875.
I, JOHN WESTMORLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be
as follows:-
•
The object of my Invention is to efficiently ventilate rooms, halls, and
apartments. For that purpose I provide outflow ways so placed,
formed, connected, and fitted that the heated and vitiated air shall be
steadily withdrawn from the top of the apartment, and back draught
prevented.

page_text: In carrying my Invention into practice I make an opening (or
openings) in the ceiling of the apartment to be ventilated, which opening
communicates by a way or flue or directly with a space or spaces (herc-
after called the hearth chamber) formed underneath the hearthstone or
plate of the floor above. The sides of the chamber are of metal, earthen-
ware plates, or concrete, and serve to carry the hearth stone or plate.
From the said hearth chamber a flue (or flucs) leads to the chimney of
the building or to any ascending open flue.
In the flue leading from the hearth chamber to the chimney there is
situated a balanced automatic or adjustable valve and stops. Those
serve for preventing back draughts. Should a temporary back current
take place the valve will move against the stop and close back passage.
So soon however as the pressure of air in the apartment is greater than
that in the chimney the valve will open. The outflow of heated and
vitiated air is therefore under my Invention through the ceiling, thence
through the hearth chamber, and finally through a flue or way fitted
with means for preventing back draught into the chimney.
The utilization of the space underneath the hearthstone or plate by
converting it into a ventilating hearth chamber is an important feature of
my Invention, and providing means for carrying hearthstones and plates
is important having regard to the practice heretoforo followed in sup-
porting these articles.
t
t
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Westmorland in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 17th January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WESTMORLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Contractor,
send greeting
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me the said John Westmorland, Her special licence, that I, the
said John Westmorland, my executors, administrators, and assigns," or

page_text: such others as I, the said John Westmorland, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Westmorland, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Westmorland, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had for convenience
to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to efficiently ventilate rooms, halls, and
apartments For that purpose I provide outflow ways so placed,
formed, connected, and fitted that the heated and vitiated air shall be
steadily withdrawn from the top of the apartment, and back draught
prevented
In carrying my Invention into practice I make an opening (or
openings) in the ceiling of the apartment to be ventilated, which opening
communicates by a way or flue or directly with a space or spaces, here-'
after called the hearth chamber, formed underneath the hearthstone or
> plate of the floor above. The sides of the chamber are of metal, earthen-
ware plates, or concrete, and serve to carry the hearthstone or plate.
From the said hearth chamber a fluc (or flues) leads to the chimney of
the building or to any ascending open flue.
In the flue leading from the hearth chamber to the chimney there is
situated a balanced automatic or adjustable valve and stops. These
serve for preventing back draughts. Should a temporary back current
take place the valve will move against the stop and close back passage.
3----
•
1113

page_text: So' soon however as the pressure of air in the apartment is greater than
that in the chimney the valve will open The outflow of heated and
vitiated air is therefore, under my Invention, through the ceiling,
thence through the hearth chamber, and finally through a flue or way
fitted with means for preventing back draught into the chimney.
The utilization of the space underneath the hearthstone or plate by
converting it into a ventilating hearth chamber is an important feature
of my Invention, and providing means for carrying hearthstones and
plates is important, having regard to the practice heretofore followed in
sunporting those articles

page_text: stone, and fresh air supply pipe, both of these views being of a
modification resembling that delineated in Figs. 1 and 2, but having
supply of fresh air by the pipe through the hearth chamber 6 into the
apartment. The piece divides the hearth chamber into air supply at b,
and exit by b*, e, into the flue f. The hearth plate or stone crests
on a foundation of concrete, cement, or like material over the metal
frame d.
Fig 5 is a horizontal section showing inexpensive apparatus adapted
for placing in dwelling houses and other buildings already constructed.
In this modification as in all the others, the escaping vitiated air is
through the ceiling or upper part of the chamber, thence through a
hearth chamber, and finally into an ascending flue, the supply of fresh
air being by or through any desired way or ways.
It will be obvious that the opening from the upper part of apartments
may be at a distance from the hearth chamber, and that there may be
openings at different places, each communicating by a flue; it will also
be obvious that the balanced valve and stops may be placed at any
point in the hearth chamber or between the hearth chamber and the
ascending fluc; further, that the hearth chamber may be variously
formed, in all cases however so adapted as to conveniently carry the
hearth plate or stone; and these and other modifications without
departing from my Invention.
What I claim is, ventilating dwelling houses and other buildings,
substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Westmorland, have hereunto
set
my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of January in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
J. T. KING,
Witness.
JOHN WESTMORLAND. (L.S.)