IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING SHRINKAGE OF FABRICS DURING THE CRABBING BOILING DYEING STEAMING WASHING DRYING STIFFENING OR OTHER LIKE OPERATIONS THEREON to be as follows:
Year: 1885

page_text: thereon.
We JOHN LEEMING, of North Vale Works, Bradford, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, and OATES INGHAM of Vale Dye Works, Bradford aforesaid,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING SHRINKAGE OF FABRICS DURING
THE CRABBING BOILING DYEING STEAMING WASHING DRYING STIFFENING OR OTHER
LIKE OPERATIONS THEREON to be as follows:-
"
In the appliances for purposes aforesaid as heretofore the practice has been to
secure the selvage or list of the "piece" or fabric upon tentering pins upon
travelling chains or fixed in cylinders or drums, but the objection to such operation.
and method is that holes are made through the piece and also that the drag and
tension on the piece is almost confined to the edge as the fabric in the middle is
really not subject to much strain there is thus unequal tension on different parts
of the width of the piece.
In the construction of apparatus according to this our invention for purposes
aforesaid we employ rollers cylinders or drums the outer diameter or periphery of
which is composed of or covered by perforated sheet metal the sheets having the
face opposite to that from which the perforations were made outside-that is to
say, its rough face is outwards-Where hollow rollers are to be used the ends will
consist of discs upon a solid or hollow axis (for steaming or exhausting air through
the piece) covered by the perforated sheets of metal as described and in conjunction
therewith will be employed guide or conducting rollers also stretching rollers
templets or other like devices for ensuring the delivery of the "piece" or fabric
upon the said rollers at its full width and as the guide or conducting rollers may
be arranged so as to ensure the cloth or fabric embracing and enclosing a con-
siderable portion of the circumference of the perforated roller or drum the piece
thereon will by the innumerable holding surfaces be secured that it cannot move or

page_text: shrink or contract either as to width or length-The rollers drums or cylinders
will be arranged in vats or vessels where the fabric is required to be submerged
whilst being operated upon such as dyeing boiling crabbing and the like whilst
other like rollers drums or cylinders will be arranged to perform other operations
in conjunction with or separate from the submerged or partially submerged rollers
drums or cylinders.
As the perforations are each encircled by a rough toothed edge each becomes a
holding instrument and by reason of their being dispensed over the whole surface
of the roller drum or cylinder innumerable holders are employed but which do not
in any way injure the fabric or piece.

page_text: thereon.
We, JOHN LEEMING of North Vale Works Bradford, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, and OATES INGHAM of Vale Dye Works, Bradford aforesaid
Manager do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING SHRINKAGE OF FABRICS DURING
THE CRABBING BOILING, DYEING, STEAMING, WASHING, DRYING, STIFFENING, OR
OTHER LIKE OPERATIONS THEREON " and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In the appliances for purposes aforesaid as heretofore the practice has been to
secure the selvage or list of the "piece" or fabric upon tentering pins upon
travelling chains or on pins fixed in cylinders or drums, but the objection to such
operation and method is that holes are made through the piece and also that the
drag and tension on the piece is almost confined to the edge as the fabric in the
middle is really not subject to much strain there is thus unequal tension on
different parts of the width of the piece.
In the construction of apparatus according to this our invention for purposes
aforesaid we employ rollers, cylinders or drums, the outer diameter or periphery of
which is composed of or covered by perforated punched sheet metal the sheets
having the face opposite to that from which the perforations were made outside-
that is to say its rough face is outwards. Where hollow rollers are to be used
the ends of such will consist of discs upon a solid or hollow axis the latter (for
steaming or exhausting air through the piece) covered by the perforated sheets of
metal as described and in conjunction therewith will be employed guide or con-
ducting rollers, also stretching rollers templets or other like devices for ensuring
the delivery of the "piece" or fabric upon the said rollers at its full width, and as
the guide or conducting rollers may be arranged so as to ensure the cloth or fabric
embracing and enclosing a considerable portion of the circumference of the
perforated roller or drum the piece thereon will by the innumerable holding
surfaces be secured that it cannot move or shrink or contract either as to width
or length.
The rollers, drums, or cylinders will be arranged in side vats or vessels where
the fabric is required to be submerged whilst being operated upon such as dyeing
boiling, crabbing, and the like whilst other like rollers drums or cylinders will be
arranged to perform other operations in conjunction with or separate from the
submerged or partially submerged rollers drums or cylinders.
As the perforations are each enclosed by a rough toothed edge, each becomes a
holding instrument, and by reason of their being dispensed over the whole surface
of the roller, drum, or cylinder innumerable holders are employed but which do
not in any way injure the fabric or piece.

page_text: We have not considered it necessary to illustrate by drawings the improved
roller and the guide and conducting and stretching rollers, templets or other like
devices for ensuring the expansion of the piece, as it is evident the arrangement of
the several rollers referred to will be dependent on circumstances, and will be varied
according to size of vats and other conveniences as to working space, but from the
above description the invention will be fully understood.
Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,
The improvements in apparatus for purpose aforesaid, comprising the punched
perforated roller combined with the necessary guide and stretching rollers or
templets, for purpose and as herein fully described.
Dated this 17th day of August 1886.
JOHN LEEMING.
OATES INGHAM.
By their Agent, Walter Brierley.