matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE BEDSTEAD
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlemagne Thiébaut at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1877.
Charlemagne ThIÉRAUT, of Paris, France, now of 8, Southampton Buildings,
London, Banker. "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE BEDSTEAD."
My Invention relates to the construction of a bedstead in which are combined
the qualities of strength and portability in a degree not heretofore attained in such
articles.
My improved bedstead will be found very advantageous for military purposes, for
travellers, for use in hospitals, as an extra bed in hotels or houses where space is
limited, and in all cases where it is desirable to have a light, strong, and durable
hedstead capable of being easily and quickly prepared for use, and as readily taken
down and packed in small compass so that it will occupy but very slight space and
may be carried and removed without difficulty.
The said Invention is carried into practise as follows, that is to say, the bedstead
has two parallel bars consisting of several lengths or pieces of wood or metal con-
nected by hinges or joints to enable them to be folded upon each other. The said
parallel bars are provided at the head and foot of the bed with feet or stretchers.
The stretchers at the foot are held in place by the aid of a cross bar provided with
two pins which enter holes in the two parallel bars or other similar contrivances.
The stretchers at the head are jointed or hinged to bars forming a head piece, and
which are hinged or jointed to the said parallel bars. At the top of this head piece
I place a cross bar provided with two pins which drop into grooves in two angular
uprights, or I secure this bar by hooks or other similar contrivance. To these
parallel bars and head and foot bars I attach the canvas or cloth forming the bed.
Between the head and foot of the bed I provide the said parallel bars with metal
sockets, and the bed is supported by peculiarly formed cross pieces consisting of a
horizontal bar whose ends are provided with short bars hinged to the horizontal
bars, two of which short bars have their ends inserted in the said sockets, while the
other two turn down and form feet for supporting the bed. The said short bars
are hinged or jointed to the horizontal cross bars so that they will easily fold and
unfold, and these parts are so formed at their hinges or joints that when the bed-
stead is adjusted for use the said short bars stand in an inclined. or oblique position,

page_text: and support each other and the parallel bars in such a manner that the weight upon
the bed tends to increase the stability of the bedstead.
When the bedstead is not required for use it can be very quickly packed in a
small bundle by folding up the above described hinged or jointed parts and rolling
the canvas or cloth around them.
I prefer to use hard and well-seasoned wood for the construction of these bed-
steads, but may, if desired, use metal or other suitable material.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLITAIRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1877.
"IM-
JOSEPH HILL, Manufacturer, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLITAIRES."
My improvements in the construction of solitaires consists in providing (in con-
nection with the metal shell of the front part) space, externally or internally, for
receiving a spring herein-after described. Concentrically on the back of the said
shell I form a hollow socket, and the back detachable part has a solid shank rising
concentric from its inner face, the apex of which is rounded or coned off, projecting
over a reduced neck or circular groove. At the bottom of the hollow shank of the front
part, lying in the cavity provided for it, is a small double (by preference) wire spring
similar to wire loops for attaching portable buttons to garments, and is fashioned by
the two ends spreading out, but curved inward, so as to form a central expanding
eye, and from the eye continuing into a single or double spring loop. The spring
so formed may be planished, if preferred, for imparting force to it, which spring
being placed so that its eye may be concentric with the hollow socket ready for re-
ceiving the back part. By passing the solid shank with conical end into the said
socket, the spring will expand and snap into the groove or neck of the solid shank
before described; and to bring the spring under control for disengagement of the
parts, I apply a pusher that works in a lateral direction from a projecting end
between the spreading parts of the spring before described, so as to expand the eye
of the said spring to permit the withdrawal of the solid shank with the back disc,
thereby disengaging the parts.
The front may be ornamented in various ways to meet requirements of taste or
economy.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OR INGRESS OF SEWER GAS OR NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA FROM DRAINS INTO DWELLING HOUSES OR OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Baker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1877.
WILLIAM JAMES BAKER, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Engineer.
" AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OR INGRESS OF SEWER GAS
OR NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA FROM DRAINS INTO DWELLING HOUSES OR OTHER
BUILDINGS."
To attach to the sink pipe or any pipe conveying the drainage or waste water
out of the house or other building, herein-after called the waste pipe, an air vessel
which is connected with the air outside the building by two pipes in addition to
the drain pipe, where practicable, one from the lower part of the air vessel to supply
it with fresh air, and the other from the upper part of the air vessel to conduct
away any gases that may collect or arise therein.
At the junction of the waste pipe with the air vessel the waste pipe is curved
upward into the interior and towards the upper part of the air vessel, causing at
the lower portion of the curved waste pipe what is known as a "trap," which, when
in use, remains filled or sealed with waste water, and the end of the waste pipe
opening into the air chamber is covered by a self-closing valve opening upward
which permits the flow of waste water; but when this has passed, the valve closes
by its own weight, thereby preventing the passage or back pressure of sewer gas
from the interior of the air vessel into the waste pipe.
From the bottom of the air vessel an opening or junction is provided from which
a pipe conducts the drainage or waste water into the drain or sewer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Menzies and Charles Blagburn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1877.
WILLIAM MENZIES and CHARLES BLAGBURN, both of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
“
Our Invention relates to the arrangement of apparatus in steam boilers for the
purpose of improving the circulation of the water, in respect of which Letters Patent
were granted to us, dated the 2nd February 1877, No. 453, and it consists in the
employment in combination with the tubes or passages described in the Specification
of our said former Letters Patent, when applied to boilers having internal furnace
flues, of tubes or plates wholly or partially surrounding such tubes or passages for a
portion or portions of their length, so as to form another tube or passage to the
bottom, and arranged to partially overlap the crown of the furnaces in such a
manner that the generation of steam will induce a suction of water upwards, and
thereby, in conjunction with the action of the tubes or passages described in our
said former Specification in causing a current downwards, will promote an efficient
circulation of the water in the boiler.
By means of our Invention a more uniform temperature of the water throughout
the boiler is attained at the time of raising steam, and the unequal expansion of the
plates, which give rise to leakage, is entirely obviated.
IMPROVEMENTSARA
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Count Adolpho Cozza at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1877.
COUNT ADOLPHO Čozza, of Orvieto, in the Kingdom of Italy, residing temporarily
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
at 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster.
INDICATING High TemperatURES IN SHAFTS AND BEARINGS."
This Invention relates to causing the temperature of shafts, axles, and such like,
or of the journals and bearings of same, to register itself or give alarm, or otherwise
indicate to one or more parties interested the temperature of such materials when
it reaches a certain degree, and consists in the use of one or more materials, the
density of which is altered when submitted to a certain amount of heat, and by
such alteration actuating one or more levers, wires, or other attachments in electrical
contact or otherwise, with a dial or indicator furnished with an alarm.
The improvements may be performed in some cases by fitting in a convenient
receptacle made in the journal, one or more pieces of metal or alloy of any shape,
fusible at high temperature; when the temperature reaches a certain amount, the
metal fuses and the pieces of metal being conveniently wire shaped and attached to
an alarm, said fusing breakes the contact and the alarm is sounded. And in some
cases the metal wire may be passed through or by the journal or shaft, said wire
being in electrical contact with a suitable machine generating electricity on a
certain heat being obtained, the metal wire will expand and break contact, and
thus sound and alarm arranged for the purpose.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WATER METER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bickerton and Henry Nield
Bickerton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July
1877.
SAMUEL BICKERTON and HENRY NIELD BICKERTON, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in
the County of Lancaster. "A NEW OR IMPROVED WATER METER."
This Invention, which we purpose naming the pneumatic water meter, for
measuring water and other fluids, consists of an outer case of iron, of any suitable
size or form, and of sufficient height. This case when the meter is at work must
be perfectly air-tight, having an inlet and outlet for the water respectively. Into
the upper extremity of this case we insert a cylinder, working upon its axis, and
divided into compartments similar to the drum of the wet gas meter. This cylinder
or drum is partially surrounded by a case or trough. This trough (which is of
great importance, as will be seen further on), is carried up to or near the axis of the
cylinder, or in other words to the height at which it is intended to fix the water
level. This water level, as in the case of a wet meter, regulates the measuring
properties of the drum. The inlet pipe is so placed as to conduct the water into
the drum about its axis, the outlet pipe being at the very lowest part of the outer
case. The drum shaft has a worm upon it which drives the wheelwork of the index
in the usual manner. The water entering the outer case passes straight into or
under the cover of the drum, in passing through which the drum necessarily
revolves, thereby measuring the quantity of water exactly so long as the water level
in the trough is unvarying. This desideratum is ensured by the construction of
the trough being such that when the water reaches the required height it overflows
into the lower part of the outer case, thereby reaching the outlet pipe, which as has
been already stated is placed at the bottom. It is obvious that the water entering
this case will compress the air contained therein until its pressure balances that of
the mains, when the inflow stops. The case is so constructed that this will take
place before the water rises to the level of the upper trough, and thus the water
level surrounding the drum cannot be altered. When however the outlet taps are
opened the pressure will fall, and thus allow the water to flow in, and in this
manner the supply is maintained and the water registered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Butler Edlington and Thomas
Edlington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August
1877.
JOHN BUTLER EDLINGTON and THOMAS EDLINGTON, Engineers, of Gainsborough,
in the County of Lincoln. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES."
This Invention consists,―
Firstly. In making the teeth or tines of horse rakes of tapered steel, that is to
say, the teeth or tines are made with a continuous or partial taper, and not merely
pointed, as is done in the usual way by tapering the teeth or tines in the way
described, the materials gathered in the process of raking are more easily and freely
delivered from the teeth of the rake.
Secondly. For the mode of raising and lowering the rake we employ racks &
pinions; a rack is fixed to each end of the rake frame; the pinions are secured to
each end of the wheel axle, to which the lever is secured by lifting and compressing
the lever; the axle is made to move in the racks, by which means the rake is raised
and lowered.
Thirdly. For regulating the incline of the teeth of the rake the lifting lever is
made with a quadrant and stop joint, by which means the height of the lifting
lever is regulated to compensate for the different angles the teeth of the rake may
require to be set.
IMPROVEMENTS IM PUMPS FOR SUCKING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1877. A
communication from abroad by Francois Bruyas, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S., of 67, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IM PUMPS FOR SUCKING
AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS." A communication from abroad by
Francois Bruyas, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of hydraulic and air
pumps, in which the sucking and forcing action is derived from the alternate com-
pression and expansion of elastic tubes.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side view of a pump constructed
according to the said Invention.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same through the line A, A, Figure 1.
In these Figures, a is the body or framework, which may be formed of one or
more sections of a metal pipe of any required calibre; b is a double cross piece, in
the centre of which is mounted the driving shaft c, carrying an adjustable arm d,
terminated by the bearings e of the revolving runner f; g is a tube of caoutchouc
or other suitable elastic and compressible material, of any required calibre, coiled
inside the frame a, from which its extremities egress in opposite directions through
the openings h, i; j is a handle keyed to the end of the shaft c, and which may be
replaced by a fly wheel or other equivalent.
In the rotation of the shaft c the runner f in its passage round the circular body
compresses the tube g against the plane surface of the latter, thus giving rise to
suction through the end of the pipe immersed in the fluid, and to forcing through
the opposite or outlet extremity.
The form, dimensions, and general details of this apparatus may be varied
according to circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF TREATING MINERALS OR ORES CONTAINING SILVER AND COPPER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1877. A communication
from abroad by Alexis Drouin and Joseph de, Baxeres de Torres, both of
Madrid, in the Kingdom of Spain.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF TREATING MINERALS OR ORES CONTAINING SILVER AND COPPER."
A communication from abroad by Alexis Drouin and Joseph de Baxeres de Torres,
both of Madrid, in the Kingdom of Spain.
This Invention has for its object the more economical recovery of silver and
copper from all minerals or ores containing same, and consists in reducing such ores
to powder; and in the addition to such pulverised mineral or ore of an acidulated
solution, either hot or cold, of marine salt, in order to obtain the chlorides of such
metals.
Also in the use of binoxide of manganese with the object of facilitating the
dissolution of the chloride of silver.
The quantities of materials composing the solution will vary with the quantity
and richness of the ores treated; as an example, to 5 lbs. of pulverized ore con-
taining, say, 5 per cent. of metal, add a solution of, say, 2 oz. of marine salt to 10
drops of nitric acid in 4 gallons of water; and for facilitating the dissolution of
the chloride of silver 1/10th of an ounce of the binoxide of manganese. The whole
process will occupy 12 to 24 hours, and can be performed by crushing the ore in
any convenient stamping machine, and then treating the ores as above described, in
a cask or casks with double sides and bottoms covered with cloth, which serves as
a filter;
the pulverized ore is placed in the inner and upper part of the cask,
where it is held in suspension in the solution; and stirred therein by hand or
machinery.
It is sometimes convenient to add water to the solution, especially if the metal
is mixed with tenacious earths or matters; also, to vary the proportions given
above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bywater at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1877.
JAMES BYWATER, of the Firm of Pearson and Spurr, of Birstall, near Leeds, in
the County of York, Machine Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be employed for the purpose of obtaining
a rising and falling shed in looms, wherein harness or jacquard mechanism is
employed for operating the healds.
In ordinary jacquard apparatus the shed is a rising one, that is to say, the shed
is formed by a portion of the warp being lifted from the "slay board" in con-
sequence of the grate to the jacquard apparatus ascending and carrying with it a
nnmber of needles or wires and the healds attached thereto, the remaining wires
and healds resting stationary on the needle board, which has hitherto been a fixture
in the jacquard frame.
My improvements consist in mounting the needle board in slides similarly to the
grate, and connecting the two together by racks and pinion, so that at every move-
ment of the grate the needle board will be moved in the opposite direction, thus
moving the whole of the warp instead of a portion only when the shed is formed.
The jacquard is worked by a crank from the loom shaft as usual; but by forming
a joint or elbow on the connecting rod near the crank, a "dwell" is obtained, and
the open
shed sustained rather longer than usual.
LMPROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT IRON OR STEEL SLEEPERS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clark Bunten and James Livesey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1877.
JAMES CLARK BUNTEN, of the Anderston Foundry, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, and JAMES LIVESEY, of No. 9, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex. "LMPROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT IRON OR STEEL SLEEPERS
FOR RAILWAYS."
Our Invention relates to a construction of wrought iron or steel sleepers for
railways which is of the following kind-We subject a plate of wrought iron or
steel to pressure or blows in a mould so as to raise up a portion as a swell or pro-
tuberance, part of which we separate from the plate by a cut, and raise sufficiently
above the general surface of the plate to form a clip under which is inserted the
edge of one of the flanges of the rail. Instead of thus separating the clip, the metal
may be curved back under the raised part so as to make a recess into which the
edge of the rail flange can be inserted. Instead of one such clip, two or more may
be formed on the plate. At another part of the plate we raise in like manner a clip
of considerably greater dimensions so as to admit the other flange of the rail along
with a key or wedge for tightening the rail in its place. In order to give this clip
greater strength we prefer to form it with one or more corrugations which act as
ribs giving it stiffness to resist flexure, and we prefer also to give its inner face
against which the wedge or key bears indents or corrugations of very little depth
so that when the key is driven the clip or key has sufficient spring to let the key
pass these indents, which afterwards serve to hold the key from shaking out of its
seat.
A metal key dented on the face may be employed for the sleeper above described.
Also, the key clip instead of being struck up from the body of the plate as we have
above set forth, may be made as a separate picco and rivetted on the plate.
The clips instead of being formed in the manner described above may be pieces
of the general plate partially severed from it and raised upwards at their free ends,
and when this construction is used we give the pieces so raised a coriugated form
for the purpose of stiffening them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORMING FLANGES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1877. A communication
from abroad by Conrod Miller and Joseph Bolden, of Pittsburg, State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR FORMING FLANGES." A communication from abroad by Conrod
Miller and Joseph Bolden, of Pittsburg, State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America.
The object of the said improvements is to rapidly flange or turn up or down the
edge of a metallic disc.
The improvements consist in a revolving circular table fixed on strong supports,
worked in combination with rolls carried on a frame, said table and rolls being
adjustable to various sized discs, which are to be flanged by placing them on
said table and working against their edges the rolls, whereby said discs become
flanged.
The improvements in the machinery may be constructed of metal as follows:-
On a strong bed plate are attached the various parts of the machine, consisting of
the revolving circular table, the diameter of which is in relation to the smallest
sized disc the machine is intended to operate on, or flange, and the frame or support
carrying the adjustable rolls; the table is fastened on an upright shaft which is
journalled in the bed plate at its lower end and in the frame at its upper end; on
said shaft near its lower end is fixed a mitre wheel to which motion is imparted by
any convenient machinery.
The adjustable rolls are fitted to adjustable supports fixed to the frame, so that
the rolls can be varied and brought nearer to or further from the edge of the
revolving table, and so operate on different sized discs and thicknesses of metal.
The operation of the machinery is as follows:-A disc of metal is placed on the
table so that it projects evenly all round; it is then securely clamped and the rolls
are brought up to the edge and adjusted, then allowed to operate on the edge of the
disc which speedily becomes flanged thereby.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING WALLS OF BUILDINGS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Cornish, senior, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1877.
"s
PHILIP CORNISH, senior, of Stamford Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Builder.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING WALLS OF BUILDINGS, ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention consists of a new or improved mode or method of constructing
the walls of buildings generally by means of slabs or "ashlar," to be composed of
plain tile or other hard substance, gravel, burnt ballast, or similar suitable material,
mixed with cement and sand, forming a slab or "ashlar," say, of about two feet
three inches long, one foot one wide, and three inches thick, though these dimensions
may be varied, but this size is found to be well adapted for easy handling and
fixing. These slabs or ashlar thus formed are placed in the operation of building in
the following manner, viz. :-One row is placed on the sides or edges, and a similar
row placed opposite at the distance required for the thickness of the proposed wall.
Then slabs of a similar size are placed longitudinally or flatwise on the top, thus
forming a secure and perfect bond by "breaking joint," the space so formed being
hollow. I construct the walls to any height required, by this means obviating the
use of bricks, stone, or other expensive material, and the operation of erecting a wall
or building can be performed in a very much shorter time than in the present
mode.
This Invention secures a perfect dryness and ventilation, and no risk of destruc-
tion of walls by fire, no wood or other bond being required.
At the ends of the slabs I form an aperture or opening, so that when they are
placed in their positions I secure a continuous current of air freely circulating
through the walls. Hot air for warming could also be introduced and allowed to
pass through them, and water might, if required, be stored to prevent the occurrence
of fire in the buildings thus constructed.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Thompson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1877.
NATHAN THOMPSON, of the City of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings and State
of New York, in the United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of stoppers for
bottles, jars, and other hollow articles, and relates to that class of stoppers in which
the bodies thereof are made of wood.
Heretofore in the construction of such description of stoppers the bodies thereof
have been formed with the grain of the wood running parallel to the sides thereof.
Stoppers thus constructed have had the defect of permitting the gases and vapour
from the interior of the bottle to pass through the pores of the wood. By my
present Invention I obviate this defect and produce an efficient air-tight stopper.
For this purpose I form the body of the stopper of wood, having the grain thereof
running transversely to the sides of the stopper, and I preferably form the body in
two or more layers or parts, and connect them together (by cementing or otherwise)
with the grain of one part crossing the grain of the other part, whereby the shrink-
age of the wood in a transverse direction is obviated, and the stopper thereby
caused to retain its circular form.
For some purposes I connect to the stopper a cord to enable it to be readily with-
drawn from the bottle. For this purpose I form a groove in the lower end, and in
opposite sides of the stopper, to receive the cord, and I also preferably form a groove
in the upper side of the stopper to receive the loose loop of the cord, so that the
latter may be secured by a label.
In some cases I form the stopper with a flanged head also formed of wood, with
the grain running in a line transverse to the sides of the stopper. This head may
be formed in one piece with the upper part of the stopper, or it may be formed

page_text: separately, and be provided with a recess in which the body of the stopper is fixed,
and I by preference roughen or corrugate the edge of the head to afford a suitable
grip thereto.
The body of the stopper is surrounded by one or more strips of cork cemented
thereto as has heretofore been the case..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baldwin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1877.
WILLIAM BALDWIN, of Colne, in the County of Lancaster, Musical Instrument
Dealer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of picker, being a combination
of wood and metal, designed with the object of reducing the cost of making and
working pickers.
According to this my said Invention I employ maleable iron of the form of the
picker, having a recess or casing, within which a block or piece of wood is received,
and which acts upon the tip of the shuttle.
When the wood is too much indented through it, repeated action upon the
shuttle tip, it may be replaced by another block, and the picker is as new again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN OIL PRESSES FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS MATERIALS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Martin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1877.
HENRY MARTIN, of 171, Price Street, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN OIL PRESSES FOR EXTRACTING OIL
FROM OLEAGINOUS MATERIALS."
This Invention consists of a leather cover or case placed above and below the hair
to which the latter is nailed. It consists of one or more sheets of leather, the outer
sides of which are covered with pieces or strips of leather.. These pieces can be of
various shapes and sizes, but I prefer a series of strips with their edges abutting
tightly against each other, the strips on one side crossing those on the other at
right angles, and at an angle of 45 degrees with the main piece. These strips are sewed,
rivetted, pegged, nailed, or fixed to the solid leather centre by a combination of
these means, and in some cases it may be found expedient to do without a solid
leather centre, or make it of other material, the main principle being to provide
numerous joints, so that while the envelope shall be thick, tough, and pervious, it
shall be capable of adjusting itself to inequalities and bending.
One of the advantages of this arrangement is that, as some portions wear faster
than others, they can be repaired sectionally without the whole covering having to
be removed:
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, GAITERS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET AND LEGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richard Dean at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1877.
JOHN RICHARD DEAN, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster, Boot
Maker. "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, GAITERS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE
FEET AND LEGS."
The object of this Invention is to produce a material for the manufacture of the
uppers" of boots, shoes, or other coverings for the feet, or for the manufacture of
gaiters, leggings, or other analogous articles.
The foundation of my improved material is cork, which is cut or shaved into
very thin sheets, and is covered or protected on both sides with some textile or
other flexible material which is caused to adhere firmly to the cork by means of a
solution of india-rubber or other suitable elastic waterproof cement, so as to give
strength and tenacity to the cork foundation without materially interfering with
its flexibility. One side of the cork may be covered with a woven fabric, such as
would be suitable for the inside of a boot, shoe, gaiter, or legging, and the other
side may be covered with a thin sheet of leather, skin, or other substance, which is
capable of being securely attached to the cork, and will be suitable for the outside
of the article intended to be produced.
For some classes of boots, shoes, or other coverings for the foot or leg, or for parts
thereof, cloth, silk, satin, or other woven fabric may be employed, if desired, in
place of leather; but inasmuch as such fabrics would be cemented to the leather
by a waterproof elastic cement or solution, the improved or compound fabric
will be waterproof, very strong, and as flexible as ordinary leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES OR BANDS FOR MINING AND OTHER HAULING PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Burn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1877.
JAMES BURN, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Mining Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES OR BANDS FOR MINING AND
OTHER HAULING PURPOSES."
Ropes and bands used in mining and for other hauling operations as at present
constructed are generally formed of the same diameter or size or strength from end
to end, and it is found in practice that the weakest part of such a rope or band is
the end where by the socket or other connecting means it is connected to a chain
or other object, consequently, the diameter, or substance, or strength of such rope
or band throughout its entire length is greatly in excess of the strength of it at
this its weakest part or end, and consequent waste of material forming the rope or
band with unnecessary weight results.
The object of my Invention is to remedy these evils. For this purpose I form
the rope or band, except towards the end or ends thereof, of the desired excess of
working strength likely to be put upon it, and I form that part towards the end or
ends which, by a socket or other suitable connection, is to be attached to a chain or
other connecting means, of additional diameter, or substance, or strength, say to the
extent of 30 per cent. or otherwise, to resist the additional wear or strain at such
part or parts. This additional thickness I obtain by the introduction therein
of additional strands or parts in the formation of the rope or band, and I apply
these additional strands or parts so that the variation in diameter or substance of
the rope or band may be gradual. By these means the strength of the rope or
band will be rendered uniformn throughout its entire length, although the weight
thereof and the amount of material used in its manufacture may be considerably
reduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING OR TURNING THE INNER SURFACES OR CIRCUMFERENCES OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Barrow, John Thomas Tannett,
and John Craven, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th
January 1877.
JOSEPH BARROW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
JOHN THOMAS TANNETT and JOHN CRAVEN, both of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING OR TURNING THE INNER
SURFACES OR CIRCUMFERENCES OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY WHEELS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for boring or
turning the inner surfaces or circumferences of tyres for railway wheels.
According to our Invention we use a revolving annular face plate for holding the
tyre to be turned or bored, in conjunction with a slide rest (or more than one may
be used), so attached to the standard or part of the machine carrying the bearing
for the annular face plate as to be surrounded by the said annular face plate, and to
present the tool or tools to the inner surface or circumference of the tyre to be
operated upon.
By this Invention, whilst giving to the turning tools complete command of the
inner circle of the tyre, we dispense with the ordinary base plate stand and rests
outside the tyre, and we are enabled to remove one tyre and place another in
position for being internally turned or bored without disturbing the rest or rests.
The machine may be arranged for the tyre to revolve either vertically or
horizontally.
We provide the annular face plate with jaws for gripping the tyre; the slide rests
may be of the ordinary character.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR BINDING CORN INTO SHEAVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leatherland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1877.
JAMES LEATHERLAND, of Holbeach Drove, Crowland, in the County of Lincoln.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR BINDING CORN INTO SHEAVES."
This Invention consists of a novel arrangement of apparatus to be attached to
reaping machines, whereby the corn as it is gathered and cut by the reaping
machine is quickly bound into sheaves or bundles.
The apparatus consists of a travelling platform or table, running on swivel wheels,
and is attached to the table of the self-raker or reaping machine. The table or
platform is fitted to, but at a lower level to, the table of the reaping machine, and
at the back is fixed the seats for two persons who are employed in binding the corn
into sheaves. The table or platform travels along with and is drawn by means of
mechanism affixed to the shafts, which is attached to the driving gear of the reaping
machine. On this table or platform are placed two horizontal levers, mounted on
suitable fulcra, to the ends of which are fixed treadles, so that as the corn or crop
falls on to the platform on which the corn from the rakes is thrown, the man presses
the treadles by his feet, which movement raises the levers, bringing with it the
corn ready for binding.
One person performs the operation of binding, while the other lays down the band
or other fastening for the purpose of binding the corn up into sheaves.
This apparatus can be fixed to any reaping machine, the ordinary table of such
machine being altered as may be necessary in some cases to suit the apparatus.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES, OR PARASOLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry James Felton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1877.
HENRY JAMES FELTON, of 6, Aldermanbury Postern, London, E.C. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES, OR PARASOLS."
This Invention relates to improvements in umbrellas and sunshades, or parasols,
and has for its object to enable any person to detach the stick from the umbrella,
sunshade, or parasol, thus rendering the umbrella, sunshade, or parasol more portable,
and leaving the wearer at liberty to use the stick as a walking stick, while the frame
and cover can be packed away in a portmanteau for the convenience of the travelling
public. For this purpose I apply at the bottom of the notch a piece of tubing, and
in this tubing a spring stud, which when pressed enables the person holding the
umbrella, sunshade, or parasol, to simply draw the stick out. This may also be
produced by an extra length of tubing soldered on the end or top of the notch,
and a stud inserted as before explained, or by a thumbscrew on the top or bottom
of the notch, or by a slot cut in the top of the notch and a stud or pin inserted, or
by a spiral spring; but I prefer using the former of those, as the stud when placed
at the bottom of the notch or inside of the umbrella, sunshade, or parasol, will keep
much cleaner and not get out of order, as it might if placed at the top or outside
of the umbrella, sunshade, or parasol.
For the purposes of my Patent I prefer using the automaton frame, but the same
idea can be produced with the paragon, or with the round steel frame by using a
spring runner.
Figure I. represents the notch A, being the notch ordinarily used, and B the piece
I purpose adding, which will have the advantage in addition to enabling the stick
to be taken from the umbrella, sunshade, or parasol at the will of the user, of also
dispensing with the old and unsightly stopper that has hitherto been generally
used. C shows the stud I purpose inserting, that will be fixed in the stick and come
through a round hole cut in the tube B to receive it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF TRAM- WAYS.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Hill Rowan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1877.
ARTHUR HILL ROWAN, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF TRAM-
WAYS.'
"
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of supporting and fixing
the rails of tramways, whether intended for horse or steam power, and has for its
object the dispensing with the costly and inconvenient wooden or other sleepers and
spikes or fastenings at present employed for supporting and securing the rails.
According to my Invention I support and fix the rail (which is rolled with a
longitudinal web on its under side) by the aid of transverse metal bars driven
through openings made at convenient intervals in the web, such bars being made to
extend sufficiently far beyond each side of the web to enter the supporting blocks
(whether of wood or stone) situate on each side of the rail, such blocks forming a
portion of the ordinary street paving. These supporting bars I prefer to make in
two parts, that is to say, divided longitudinally, so that one part may act as a
tightening key to the other part or parts, thereby firmly holding down the rail.
All or any of the portions of the supporting bars will be permanently secured by
lead or otherwise in the stone blocks after they have been tightened up.
At convenient intervals tie bars may be employed by simply extending one
portion of the before-mentioned supporting bars across the track, and securing the
same in the manner described for the intermediate supporting bars.
I sometimes propose to tighten down the rails by wedging the supporting bars
laterally, a bevel being formed transversely on the under side of the supporting bar,
and a corresponding bevel on the bottom of the opening in the web.
The space underneath the rail and between the two contiguous rows of paving
blocks may be filled up with concrete, cement, sand, or other suitable material, so
as to embed the under portion of the rail and the several supporting and tie bars.
The stone or other paving blocks should be laid upon any well known firm
foundation, and special provision may be made, if found requisite, for drainage
underneath the embedding material.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACE BARS APPLICABLE TO SMOKE-BURNING FURNACES
Year: 1877

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Lees at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1877.
WALTER LEES, of Sowerby Bridge, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACE BARS APPLICABLE TO SMOKE-BURNING FURNACES."
This Invention relates to reciprocating furnace bars, or bars which have a sliding
motion communicated to them for the purpose of propelling the fuel forward in the
furnace; and my improvements consist in constructing such bars with a raised
part or enlargement at the front end, which raised part acts as a pusher for forcing
the fuel from the hopper, thus dispensing with separate plungers and mechanism for
working the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Townsend and Simon. Casson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1877.
WILLIAM TOWNSEND, Commercial Traveller, and SIMON CASSON, Gingerbeer
Manufacturer, both of Dewsbury, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOTTLES AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of bottle, and stopper for the
Bame.
According to this our Invention, the upper portion of the interior of the neck of
the bottle is cylindrical; the remaining portion of the neck may be cylindrical or
conical, but of less internal diameter, so as to leave a shoulder or recess at the
junction of the two diameters.
The shoulder or recess forms a seating for a washer of india-rubber, cork, or
other olastic substance, having a central aperture or open way for the passage of
the liquid.
The cylindrical portion of the neck at a point above the seating and washer is
perforated crosswise, or at right angles to the neck, and through the opening the
stopper is passed.
The stopper is of cylindrical form, having a button or head at one end and a
shoulder at its other end, or may be taper from end to end. The stopper has a
hole or open way there through, corresponding with the passage way through the
india-rubber or cork seating. The stopper is passed at a right angle through the
neck of the bottle, and then secured by a washer, button, or pin, around, on, or
through the recess or groove above referred to, the neck and stopper forming a kind
of tap, the elastic seating bending tightly against the stopper, the whole is gas-
tight, until a half turn of the stopper brings the aperture thereof over or in a line
with the aperture through the seating, whereupon there is a free passage for the
outflow of the contents of the bottle.
For some uses the stopper may have a jacketing of cork around its whole cir-
cumference, but we prefer the seating as above described.
When filling the bottle made according to the above Invention, the operator will,
as soon as the bottle has received a sufficient quantity of liquid and gas, partly turn
the stopper to the left or right, and instantly the whole is secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAP SPINNING AND TWISTING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blackburn and Henry Butler at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1877.
JOHN BLACKBURN, of Bradford, Spinner, and HENRY BUTLER, of Laisterdyke,
Overlooker, both in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAP SPINNING AND
TWISTING."
The object of this Invention is to prevent waste in bobbins and spools of all
descriptions that are used in cap spinning, Hitherto the bobbin or spool used in
this class of spinning are trenched or grooved across that end of the bobbin or spool
resting on the tube; this recess, trench, or groove is formed for the purpose of sitting
upon a peg in the tube; and when this is the case, the bobbin is in proper position,
but it often happens that the unrecessed or untrenched portion of the bobbin sits
upon the peg in the tube, thus causing the weft to be wound. round the head of
the bobbin, and in the case of spools, causing much waste when weaving off is resorted
to, leaving on the spool, in many cases, a considerable per-centage of the weft,
which is waste.
We accomplish the above object by fixing into the head of the bobbin or spool,
or that portion of the bobbin or spool resting upon the tube, a peg at the same
distance from the centre of the bobbin or spool as the peg is from the centre of the
spindle on the tube.
It will be readily understood that the instant the tube begins to revolve on the
spindle the two pegs come together, and thus the bobbin or spool is carried round
and in its proper position, thus preventing all waste from "left-up" bobbins.
Our improvement can be readily applied to all existing bobbins or spools, but
new bobbins will of course be made without the recess or trench, as it will be found
altogether unnecessary.
Our improvement also applies with beneficial results as to preventing waste in all
cases where a positive drag is applied.
A COMBINED EGG CUP AND EGG BOILER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1877. A communication
from A. Ritter & Co., of Esslingen, in the Empire of Germany.
"
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at Frank-
fort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. A COMBINED EGG CUP AND EGG
BOILER." A communication from A. Ritter & Co., of Esslingen, in the Empire of
Germany.
The Invention consists in furnishing the cup for holding the egg with a fixed or
detached annular grooved receptacle, placed underneath and at the base of the cup
part, and fixed on or by the stem of the cup which passes, through the receptacle,
and through or into a base or foot made wholly or partially, of any material which
is a bad conducter of heat, securing said stem and thé various parts in or by said
base or foot.
The egg cup can be made of metal or tempered porcelain, and is to be furnished
with holes; the annular cup may be of like materials, and the base or foot of vul-
canite or hard wood.
The action is as follows:-A few drops of water are poured into the cup, an egg
placed therein, then a small quantity of alcohol is placed in the annular receptacle
at the base of and surrounding the cup, the alcohol is ignited, when the water is
speedily boiled and heats the under part of the egg, and the flame from the spirit
envelopes the upper part just sufficiently to cook it.