CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR CLEANING, CARDING, DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING COTTON AND WOOL
Year: 1824

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
GEORGE BODMER, of No. 50, Oxford Street, in Chorlton Row, in the Parish
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fourteenth day of October now last, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, did give and grant unto me, the said John George Bodmer, His
especial licence.full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John
George Bodmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them,
by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or
agents, or such others as I, the said John George Bodmer, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR CLEANING, CARDING, DRAWING,
ROVING, AND SPINNING COTTON AND WOOL;" in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said John George Bodiner, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John George Bodmer, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings which are hereunto
annexed, reference being thereunto had, and to the following description
thereof, that is to say:-
I will first describe, with reference to the annexed Drawings, my said im-
provements, in connection with machinery which is at present known and
in use, so as to enable persons conversant with spinning machinery to put the
same in practice, and I will at the latter or concluding part of this my Speci-
fication define and point out those parts which I consider to be new, and which
constitute my claim of Invention.
My first improvement relates to the process of cleaning, which is performed
by the aid of a machine known to cotton spinners under the denomination of a
blowing machine or scutchor.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I. of the Drawings hereunto annexed, represent the
principle operative parts of a blowing machine constructed according to my
improvements. The framing or supports of the blowing machine, as also the
geering or wheelwork which give motion to the rollers and various parts, arc
omitted in the Drawings, as it would be arranged in the usual manner adopted
in such machines as are at present in use. (Note. The same characters or
letters of reference are used to denote corresponding parts upon the Figures
whenever they cccur in Sheets I. and II.)
The cotton to be cleaned or operated upon is introduced into the machine
by being spread upon a feeding cloth in the ordinary manner, and is drawn in
by the pair of fluted rollers A, after which it passes through three other pairs
of fluted rollers B, C, and D, during which operation it is stretched or drawn
out about fifteen times, the train of wheelwork which moves and connects the
said four pairs of feeding rollers being proportioned accordingly. After the
cotton has passed the rollers D, it comes in contact with the drum or beater E,
which is supposed to revolve in the direction of the arrow with a speed of
about one thousand turns per minute. The construction of the beater Eis
particularly described by reference to the Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, upon
the Sheet II. of Drawings; it is composed of five rims or wheels b, three only
of which are shewn in Fig. 3. They are mounted at equal distances asunder,
upon anaxis or shaft a, which is adapted to turn on bearings or pivots at each

page_text: end thereof, the two outermost rims 6 being partiallyclosed between the arms
by a metal plate in the form of a conical funnel, so as to leave an aperture
round the shaft, as shewn at c, in Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet II d represents a
number of bars or rulers,which are screwed down at equal distances upon the
five rims 6,in adirection parallel or nearly so to the axis or shaft a. The edges
of these rulers, which project outwards from the rims, are notched or toothed
throughout their entire length (somewhat in the manner of tools used for
outting screws),as will appear evident upon inspection of the Figs. 3, 5, and 6,
Sheet II., wherein a few of the said teeth or notches are represented at the
end of the rulers d. I usually employ about twenty-four of the said rulers to
form the entire circle upon the rims 6,and the spaces or intervals between the
rulers I fill nearly up with stout tin plate or other materials e, having a bead
or rib soldered upon one of its edges,as seen at f, in Figs. 4 and 7, Sheet II.
These tin plates are screwed down upon the rims 6 in the same manner as the
rulers d,and in such position that a narrow opening or slit is left between the
beads and the faces of the notched rulers d, the whole circumference of
the heater being thus closed up except at the said slit. g represents small vanes
or plates of metal, which are fixed on the inside of the beater in the direction
of radii. These vanes are situated in a plane with the acting faces of the
rulers d, and are for the purpose of projecting or throwing out a rapid current
of air through the said slits or openings in the circumference of the beater
during its revolution, as shewn by the small arrows in Fig. 7, the air being
allowed to enter withinside of the bearer at the openings C round the shaft
before mentioned. By this improvement the cotton is blown away from the
surface of the beater,and is prevented from entangling its fibres with the teeth
upon the rulers d. The cotton is brought in a thin layer through the fluted
feeding rollers D, and its fibres are combed or laid out in a very regular
mauner, at the same time the dirt and dust is loosened from the cotton and
thrown down through the grating i seen in Fig.2, Sheet I. The fluted rollers
D must be of such diameter as not to nip or hold the extremities of the longest
fibres of the cotton,although the edges of the toothed rulers & when the beater
is in motion should be caused to pass as close as possible o the circumference
of the fluted rollers. The upper part of the beater s enclosed by a curved
cover h, Fig. 2, Sheet I., which is placed in such a situation as to remain
about one-eighth of an inch only clear of the edges of the rulers in their
revolution. By this means a strong current of air is driven by the motion of
the rulers d round in the cover h,and blows down upon the cotton as it comes
through the fluted rollers D; thus the cotton iscarried forward by the motion
of the beater and the current of air over the grating, where the dust and

page_text: dirt are suffered tc fall through, the cotton itself being prevented from falling
through the said grating by a current of air which enters beneath, being
produced by a fan, in the ordinary manner practised in blowing machines, but
which is not shewn in the Drawings; the said fan also produces a current of
air in the funnel or chimney k,k,sufficient to carry the cotton up some distance
therein, until it arrives at a part where the current will no longer support it,
but lets it fall at the part e. The chimney k, k, is divided into four com-
partments m,by longitudinal divisions, as shewn by the lines », in Figure 1.
These divisions extend under the beater and round close to the fluted rollers D,
being formed to a curve,or are on their upper edges corresponding with the
circumference of the beater, and to the form of the grating i at the lower
edges thereof. The under side or bottom of the compartments m are composed
of endless leather straps or belts each equal in breadth to the spaces between
the divisions n. The said endless straps are adapted to circulate (in the direc-
tion shewn by the arrow o, Fig. 2,) over the rollers p, q, and r; by this means
the cotton which falls in the four compartments m, at the lower part of the
chimney k, k, is deposited upon the surfaces of the said endless straps, and is
carried forward under the rollers s and t, which are adapted to rest with their
weight upon the endless straps in their passage over the rollers p and
9₁ and
thus the stratum or layer of cotton which had been deposited upon the surface
of the straps,as aforesaid, is rolled or laid down in an even manner previous to
its passage through the three pairs of drawing rollers marked v, w, and x;
the four bands or laps of cotton are prevented from adhering together by the
narrow partitions y, which are situated between the straps O. The relative
velocities of the drawing rollers u, w, and x, are determined by a train of
wheelwork, so proportioned as to stretch or draw out the cotton from about
nine to twelve times, by which drawing the fibres are laid more parallel, and
any remaining dust which might still adhere to the cotton will be loosened,
and would probably fall out in its passage between the said rollers; after the
cotton has passed through the drawing rollers v, w, and r, it is delivered
through four spouts or conductors Z, and is laid down upon the surfaces of
other endless straps or belts P, which are adapted to circulate over a system
of rollers in the direction shewn by the arrow in Fig. 1, such motion taking
place in a direction at right angles or nearly so to the motion of the endless
straps O, before mentioned. The cotton is drawn from the spouts Z by the
operation of the delivering rollers Q, whose axes are placed in an oblique or
inclined direction, as shewn in Fig.1, the object of which will be herein-after
explained. The endless straps P and P' are four in number, and are each
about four and a half inches wide, being placed side by side so as to form a

page_text: strap of eighteen inches wide, beingadapted for two such blowing machines as
I have described. Suppose the bands or laps of cotton from the four com-
partments m to have passed through the drawing rollers v, 10, and x, and
through the sponts Z, and delivering rollers Q, they are turned at right angles,
and are laid down close by the side of each other, so as to occupy the space
or breadth of the endless straps P. The object of this system is to reduce
any inequalities which might exist in the thickness or substance of cotton
forming the bands or laps as they arrive upon the endless straps O from the
beater of the blowing machine; for example, suppose an inequality of thick-
ness to have taken place in a direction or line parallel to the axis of the beater
(which I generally find in practice to be the case), if the bands or laps continue
to proceed in a right line, the same inequality would continue in a perpen-
dicular direction across the breadth; but by turning the four laps separatelyat
a right angle, and laying them down side by side one beyond the other, the
inequalities will become separated into four parts, and will be found to lay in
an inclined line across the breadth of the lap upon the endless straps P; thus
the inequality at any one part will be reduced to one fourth part of what it
was originally. This will appear evident from inspection of the red lines upon
the Fig. 1, which lines are supposed to represent an equal length of cotton, as
delivered from the endless straps O, and passed through the spouts Z, being
turned at right angles and laid down upon the endless straps P, as before
described. If two blowing machines, such as above described, were to work at
the same time, they would be situated parallel to each other; and the four laps
of cotton which proceed from the four compartments of the second blowing
machines would be turned at right angles,and would be laid down side by side
upon the other endless straps P',and would thus form togethera lap of eighteen
inches wide. In like manner any convenient number of blowing machines
might be connected so as to deliver their products upon one common system
of endless straps; by this means, if several blowing machines should be
worked together, the inequalities in their final uuited products, would be
reduced in proportion to the number so worked together. The bands or laps
of cotton which quit the endless straps O of the blowing machine, as afore-
said, may be reduced in width to any required extent by simply changing the
angle of inclination of the axis upon which the delivering rollers Q are
situated; thus,if it should be desired to produce a narrower band or lap upon
the endless straps P than above mentioned, it would only be necessary to
place the axis of the delivering rollers Q in a direction more nearly parallel
with the direction of motion of the endless straps P, and vice versa ; and in
order to admit of this variation, I usually connect the axis of the delivering

page_text: rollers with the rest of the machinery by means of universal joints, as will
be herein-after more clearly shewn in describing my other improvements.
The lap of cotton so formed is adapted to be wound upon a roller by
the aid of a lapping machine of the ordinary construction, in order to
be removed to the carding engine. To render the said blowing machine
applicable to the process of cleaning short wool previous to the operation
of carding, it would only be necessary to have the teeth upon the edges
of the rulers & which surround the beater made stronger than for cotton,
and to increase the size of the vanes or plates g within the beater, in order
to create a stronger current of air through the slits or openings opposite
to the face of the notched rulers, so that the wool might be prevented from
entangling in the said teeth or notches. In some cases for preparing
cotton to spin coarse numbers, I dispense entirely with the carding process,
and instead of which I submit the lap of cotton to the operation of a second
or finishing blowing machine, which is nearly similar to the one last
described, the chief difference being in the dimensions of the three pairs
of drawing rollers marked v, w, and ; namely, in the finishing blowing
machine the said drawing rollers would be only about one inch in diameter
instead of one and a half inches, and they would in some instances, on account
of their small diameter, be supported in bearings at each of the divisions n,
which form the compartment m, the various lengths of rollers being coupled
together in the same manner as is practised in the drawing rollers used in
mules, and which is well understood by persons conversant with spinning
machinery. Another variation which I should adopt in the second or finishing
blowing machine would be as follows:-The laps or bands of cotton which
have been delivered from the spouts Z, and laid down at a right angle upon
the endless straps P and P¹, as aforesaid, would be taken up again off the
said straps by a lapping machine of a peculiar construction, instead of being
taken up by a lapping machine of the ordinary construction, as herein-before
mentioned. The said improved lapping machine I will describe with reference
to the Figures 8 and 9, Sheet III. of Drawing, which is hereunto annexed.
Fig. 8 represents a section of the said lapping machine,shewing also part of
the second or finishing blowing machine; and Fig. 9 represents a horizontal
plan of the same. O represents the endless straps or belts which are supposed
to bring the bands or laps of cotton away from the second or finishing blowing
machine to the three pairs of drawing rollers r, w, and r, before mentioned; Z,
the spouts or conductors; and Q,the delivering rollers mounted upon an oblique
axis, which draw the laps or laps of cotton through the said spouts, and deposit
them upon the endless strap or belt P, which is extended over the rollers Tand V,

page_text: are
as shewn in Fig. 8, and is supposed to be moving in the direction of arrow P,
such motions being performed at right angles, or nearly so, to the motion of
the endless straps O,as before mentioned.. A represents a trough or conductor
for conveying the lap or bands of cotton away from the endless strap P. This
conductor is adapted to turn or vibrate upon a centre at a in such a manner,
that the other extremity, where the delivering rollers B are situated, may be
brought opposite to either of the rollers E or F of the lapping machine. This
lapping machine is made of double the width of the trough or conductor A,and
the rollers E and F, upon which the cotton is intended to be wound or lapped,
are caused to rest upon other rollers G and H, as seen in the Fig. 8, by which
means they receive their motion in the manner of ordinary lapping machines.
The peculiarity of my improved lapping machine consists in having a move.
able trough or conductor, and employing two distinct rollers for winding or
lapping the band or lap of cotton upon, each of such rollers being equal in
length to the breadth of the said moveable conductor. By this arrangement;
the motion of the blowing machine from which the lap or band of cotton pro-
ceeds is not obliged to be stopped; for example, as soon as the roller E of the
lapping machine is sufficiently filled with cotton, the conductor A with its
appendage is moved sideways upon its centre of motion a, until the delivering
rollers B, which are situated at the other extremity of the conductor, ar
brought into a proper position opposite the rollers F, in order to deliver the
lap from the conductor upon the circumference of the said roller, and during
the time that the roller F is in the act of winding up the lap or band of cotton
upon its circumference, the full roller E may be removed, and an empty
roller substituted in its place; thus a continued action of the lapping
machine may be kept up. Iand K. represents two. pairs of plain cylindrical.
rollers, called callendar rollers, through which the lap or.band of cotton.
passes after quitting the' rollers. B in its passage to the lapping rollers E
and F; these collendár rollers are for the purpose of laying down the fibres
of the cotton in an even manner previous to its arrival at the lapping
rollers. The lapping machine is put in motion. by an endless strap passing
round the pulley or rigger 1,upon whose axis is.fixed a pinion engaging. with
the teeth of the wheel 2. Upon the axis of this wheel a pinion 3 and bevilled
wheel 7 are fixed; the pinion 3 engages with the teeth of a wheel upon the
axis of the roller H, and this wheel communicates motion to the roller G
through the medium of an intermediate wheel 5 and wheel G, which latter:
wheel is fixed upon the axis of the roller G; this arrangement of the wheel.
work is shewn by the dotted circles in Fig. 8. The circumference of the
lapping rollers E and F are caused to bear with a considerable pressure upon.

page_text: the rollers G and H, by which means they are made to revolve, and wind or lap
the cotton upon their circumferences, as before stated. The manner of loading
or weighting the rollers E and F may be similar to what is adopted in lapping
machines such as are at present in use, but there must be two distinctapparatus
for applying the weights to the rollers, as they must be capable of working
entirely independent of each other, in order that one roller when filled with
cotton may be taken out and replaced by an empty one without disturbing the
remaining roller, which continues to perform its office, as above described. The
two pairs of callendar rollers I and K are supposed to be put in motion by a
train of wheelwork so proportioned that their circumferences may move with
about the same velocity as the circumferences of the rollers G and H. The
moveable conductor A is turned upon its center, in order to come opposite
either of the lapping rollers E or F, by the aid of a cranked handle or lever b,
which is adapted to be moved by the persons attending the machine. This lever
is fixed upon one end of a small axis c, which passes under the rollers G
and H, and turns in collars or supports affixed to the framing of the machine;
the other end of the axis c is provided with a crank or arm d, whose extremity
works into a round socket e, attached to the conductor; the end of the con-
ductor where the delivering rollers B are situated being wholly supported or
borne up by the crank d, and when the handle b is moved it operates to move
the end of the conductor in the are of a circle round the axis c, and by this
motion the lap or band of cotton is separated or torn assunder at the part where
it is nipped between the callendar roller I, so that the end of the lap is ready
to be taken in again between the callendar rollers by the time that the conductor
has arrived in its second position, or opposite to the other lapping roller F,
as shewn by the dotted lines, Fig. 9, which represent the other position
of the conductor. The centre of motion or pivot a, upon which the conductor
inoves, is formed in a cranked arm or stirrup, as seen at f, in Figs. 8 and 9;
and the conductor is adapted to rest upon a kind of axis in the same stirrup,
so as to form a universal joint, and thereby admit of the extremity B of the of
conductor being moved in the arc of a circle round the axis c, upon which it is
supported or borne, as before mentioned. The manner of communicating the
requisite movements to the delivering rollers B, which are situated at the end of
the conductor, is as follows:- The bevelled wheel 7, upon the axis of the driving
pulley 1, before mentioned, engages with the teeth of the wheel 8, which is
fixed upon one end of an axis 9. This axis turns in stationary bearings, and
has near its other extremity a bevelled wheel 10 fixed upon it, which engages
with the teeth of the wheel 11, fixed upon anaxis 12, which extends across the
machine at right angles to the axis 9, and turns in bearings fixed to the

page_text: framing of the machine. The axis 12 has a bevelled wheel 13 fixed upon it
near the middle of its length, engaging with a wheel 14, which is mounted
upon a short axis turning in a stationary bearing or bracket h; the opposite
end of the said short axis is connected by a universal joint 15, with an axis or
spindle 16; the other extremity of theaxis 16 is united by a universal joint17
to a short axis, which is adapted to turn in a bearing or collar i, affixed to the
conductor A. The last-named short axis is furnished with a bevelled wheel
18, which gives motion to a wheel 19 upon the axis of the lowermost roller of
the pair of delivering rollers B. By this connection of wheel workand universal
joints 15 and 17, the delivering rollers B are caused to' revolve in a regular
and uniform manner, although the said rollers, together with the conductor, are
moved at intervals sideways, in order to deliver the lap of cotton to either of
the lapping rollers E or F. The axis 16 is furnished with a sliding coupling
box k near one of its extremities, to allow for lengthening or shortening as the
side movement of the conductor takes place. Therequisite motion is commu-
nicated in the following manner to the three pairs of drawing rollers v, w, and
and delivering rollers Q.upon the inclined axis, which are supposed to
belong to the finishing blowing machine, as before stated:-A wheel marked
20 is fixed upon the extremity of the axis 9, which engages with the teeth of
a wheel 21, mounted upon a short axis, having the wheels 22 and 24 fixed
upon it. The wheel 22 gives motion through the medium of the wheel 23 to
the front pair of drawing rollers a, the two other pairsvand w being supposed
to be driven from the front rollers by a train of wheelwork in the ordinary
The wheel 24 communicates motion by means of the wheel 25 to
the delivering rollers-Q upon the inclined axis. The endless strap P is put in
motion and caused to circulate in the direction shewn by the arrow by means
of a pinion marked m, which is fixed upon the cross axis 12, before mentioned.
This pinion engages with the teeth of a wheel N, which is fixed upon theaxis of
the roller T, round which the endless strap P passes, as shewn by the Figure 8.
In this Figure a roller S is represented, which is adapted to bear upon the
lap of cotton, and press it down even before it arrives at the conductor A.
Note. The wheelwork for moving the various rollers, as above described,
must beso proportioned that the band or lap of cotton may not be stretched or
drawn out in any material degree after quitting the front pair of drawing
rollers. In order to effect this, the diameters and numbers of the wheelwork
must be so arranged that the circumferences of the following rollers will be
caused to move with the same actual velocity, or nearly so, viz, the front pair
of drawing rollers, the delivering rollers Q upon the inclined axis, the roller
T, which gives motion to the endless straps P, the delivering rollers B at the
manner.

page_text: end of the moveable conductor, the callender rollers I and K, and the rollers
G and H of the lapping machine. The four endless straps O, which serve to
convey the four bands or laps of cotton away from the blowing machine,
have narrow partitions y situated between them, as before mentioned. The
said endless straps are caused to circulate or move in the direction of the
arrow by means of a cog wheel r, which is fixed upon the axis of the roller p,
round which the endless straps pass, as before mentioned. In describing the
blowing machine, the cog wheel ris supported to receive its motion by a train
of wheelwork from the front drawing rollers. This train of wheelwork is not
represented in the Drawing, but it should be so proportioned that the endless
straps O would be caused to move with a velocity equal to about one-ninth or
one-twelfth part only of the velocity with which the circumference of the front
rollers move, because the bands or laps of cotton, in passing through the
three pairs of drawing rollers v,, and.r, are intended to be drawn out from
nine to twelve times, as herein-before described with reference to the blowing
machine.
I generally construct the second or finishing blowing machine in such
manner that the four bands or laps of cotton, which are deposited upon the
four endless straps O, are contracted in breadth in passing through the spouts
%, so that when they have passed between the delivering rollers Q and are
turned at a right angle, and laid down side by side upon the endless strap P,
they will together form a lap of about five inches wide; but this will vary
according to circumstances. A part only of the framing or supports of the
various parts of the machine are represented in the Drawings, as they might
be constructed in different ways; and, in some cases, instead of making a
moveable conductor for conveying the band or lap of cotton from the endless
strap P to the lapping machine, as above described, 1 employ a stationary con-
ductor; and I cause, by the aid of a lever or other convenient mechanism, the
Japping machine itself to move end ways in grooves, or slides, or upon rollers,
when required, in order to bring the two lapping rollers E and Fin succession
opposite to the end of the stationary conductor, and thereby the same effect is
produced as described with the moveable conductor; but the former mode I
consider as most convenient in practice. Note.-In this latter construction
of the double-acting or continuous lapping machine, the axis or shaft of the
pulley 1, seen in Fig. 9, which gives motion to the lapping machine, must be
made with a sliding tube (similar to what I have herein-before mentioned,
and as seen at k, Sheet III.,) in order to admit of the lapping machine being
moved endways, or in the direction of the axis of the rollers Grand H, so
as to bring the rollers E and F successively opposite to the end of the

page_text: stationary conductor, and without disengaging the machine from the moving
power; or otherwise the driving shaft of the machine may be put in motion by
the aid of universal joints, such as shewa at 15 and 17, Sheet III. Either
of these contrivances will enable the machine to be moved end ways for the
purpose aforesaid without deranging its action.
My improvements in machinery for carding cotton and wool will be
described with reference to the Figures upon the Sheets IV. and V. of
Drawings, which are hereunto annexed.
The first of the said improvements is described in connection with certain
machinery which is at present known and in use, with reference to the
Figs. 10 and 11 upon the Sheet IV. of Drawings. It consists in the con-
struction and application of certain machinery or apparatus, and the parts
which I claim as new in such apparatus will be pointed out and defined at
the concluding part of this my Specification. The said apparatus is to be
adapted to carding machines, for the purpose of improving the operation, which
by cotton spinners is called the cleaning of the top cards, (viz,) the cleaning
or clearing of the top cards of carding machines from the cotton, together with
the particles of dirt or dust, which are found to accumulate between their
wires or teeth in the course of their working in contact with the main cylinder
or drum, which drum operates continually to carry the cotton round from tho
feeding rollers, and deposit a portion of it upon the top cards.
Fig. 10, upon the Sheet IV. of Drawings, represents an elevation of the
said machinery, supposed to be viewed in a position which exhibits the
end of the main drum axis. The ends of the top cards are numbered 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, and the machinery which takes them
up in order to be cleaned and lays them down again is represented as in
three different positions, marked in red Figures No.I., No. II., and No. III. ;
No. I. being the position where the top cards are successively taken up in a
foul state, No. II. the position where they are in the act of being cleaned,
and No. III. the position where the cleaned top cards are successively laid
down again.
Fig. 11 represents an edged section of the part of the said machinery,
supposed to be viewed in a direction parallel to the axis of the main drum.
(Note. The principle parts of the stationary framing of the machine are.
omitted in the Drawings in order to shew the operative parts more clearly).
The feeding rollers, and other apparatus which are common to carding
machines in general, are also omitted, as they would be well understood
by cotton spinners, from their relative situation with respect to the main
drum, without it being necessary to describe them. I have for the cun-

page_text: venience of explanation exhibited a number of detached parts of the
mechanism upon the Sheet IV. of Drawings, and have annexed the same
characters or letters of reference to them, as will be found upon the
corresponding parts in the Figs. 10 and 11, by which means they may be
identified.
It will be necessary, in order to explain clearly the nature of my said
improvement, that I should point out generally the manner which is at present
adopted in cleaning the top cards of carding machines, and the defects which
I consider to exist in such system of cleaning, which are as follows:-The
person who attends the carding machine begins by taking up or removing
one of the tops or top cards, and after having cleaned it he lays it down in
the same place again, and proceeds to take up another top card, cleans it and
lays it down again in its place, and in like manner he continues at certain
intervals to clean the whole number of top cards one after another. Now, as
the cotton, which is delivered to the main drum by the feeding rollers, arrives
first at the top cards No. 1 with the greatest portion of dust and dirt sticking
in it, this top card will become foul, and require cleaning sooner than the
others, which are situated more remote from the feeding rollers; but if this
top card should be taken out and cleaned, and then put in again in the same
situation, it would, in consequence of having its teeth clear, become filled with
cotton again in a short time, by taking a larger portion of cotton than usual
from the circumferences of the main drum, and thus the main drum would
have less cotton to carry forward to the doffer, and would occasion an inequality
in the band or roving which was produced by the machine. By my improve-
ment this inconvenience is avoided in the following manner :-The top card,
No. 1, which is situated nearest the feeding rollers of the carding machine, is
taken up, and after being cleaned is laid down at that part of the machine
which is nearest to the doffer, instead of being laid down in the same place
or situation that it has taken from, as before-mentioned. With reference to the
mode which is at present in use, this action is continually repeated, (viz,) the
taking up of that top card which is nearest the feeding rollers, and after it
has been cleaned laying it down at the part nearest to the doffer, so that the
cotton in its passage from the feeding rollers to the part where it is taken off
by the doffer comes first in contact with the top card, which is foul or nearly
filled with cotton, and as it advances it meets in succession with the top cards
which are cleaner and more free from cotton, until it arrives at the top card
nearest to the doffer, which by the system or arrangement above described
is kept continually in a clean state, and therefore is in a proper condition
to finish the carding in a very superior manner. In order to effect this, the

page_text: top cards, instead of being laid down and supported at each end upon a
stationary kirb, which constitutes part of the machine, as is generally the
case in carding machines such as are at present in use, in my improve-
ment they are supported at each end upon the circumference of a wheel
or kirb A, having six arms, as shewn in Fig. 10; these wheels are accu-
rately turned upon their circumferences, and are mounted so as to be capable
of revolving steadily upon a fixed collar V, attached by the screw bolts W to
the stationary framing of the machine, such revolution being performed in a
situation concentric or nearly so with the axis of the main drawn. The peri-
pheries of the wheels A are divided into equal spaces, and have cylindrical
holes B drilled through their rims in a direction pointing to the centre of the
drum; these holes serve to receive the cylindrical pins or studs c, which pro-
ject from the under sides of the pieces 1, 2, 3, 4, &c., which carry the top
cards, which are usually called the tops. D represent adjusting screws, two
of which are inserted into each end of each of the tops, with their heads
adapted to rest upon the periphery of the wheels A, in order to adjust each of
the tops into the proper situation for working as near as may be required to
the teeth or cards upon the circumference of the main drum. Each of the tops
has two pins or studs E and F projecting from each end thereof, one of such
studs being longer than the other, as shewn at E, F, in Fig. 11; their object
will be herein-after explained. H represents a divided metal ring, which is
united together by two screws, and is adapted to turn round ina groove formed
in the stationary collar V by the side of the wheel A, as shewn in Fig. 11. The
ring El has a bar or arm G projecting out from one side thereof in the direc-
tion of a radius, and this bar has a box or socket I fitted upon it in such
manner as to admit of sliding freely up and down thereupon. The sliding
socket I has a bar or arm K proceeding from it, the upper part of which
is formed to a hook or fork L; it has also a short arm or projection M formed
out of it, which is provided with a prominent stud or pin N. The upper
extremity of the radial bar G is formed to a joint Q, upon which a curved
lever P is adapted to move. The uppermost end of this lever projects side-
ways, and is formed to a hook O, and the lower part P¹ has several inclined
planes and notches formed upon it, against which the pinor stud N before men-
tioned is adapted to act, as will be herein-after explained. The under porton
of the ring H has coggs or teeth formed upon it, which engages with the teeth
upon the edge of a sector or segment of a wheel marked R; this sector turns
upon a stationary centre pin or stud S, screwed to the machine frame x, r, as
shewn in Fig. 11, and its lower extremity is furnished with a click or pall T,
adapted to operate upon the teeth U, U, of an internal ratchet, which is cast

page_text: upon the wheels or kirbs A, before mentioned. These wheels or kirbs are
kept in their place upon the fixed collar V by means of rings or plates X,
which rings are secured by the screw bolts W. Y represents the cleaning
cylinder, which operates to clean or clear the top cards, as will be hercin-after
explained. Its circumference is covered with cards, and it is caused to revolve
in the direction shewn by the arrow, with the velocity of about two hundred
and sixty turns per minute. Z represents a drum or cylinder, formed of
tin plate or other suitable material, having curved wings or vanes arranged
round its circumference. The outer extremities of these wings when the drum
Z revolves pass as close as possible to the teeth of the cards upon the cylinder
Y, and thereby operate to clear the teeth of the said cylinder from the cotton
and dust which they had acquired or taken from the top cards in the operation
of cleaning the same. The action of the drum Z in clearing the cylinder Y
is much facilitated by a slight current of air, which is projected or thrown out
through narrow slits or openings in the circumference of the drum, the said
current of air being occasioned by the action of the internal wings or vanes,
which are represented in the Figure, the supply of air being furnished through
openings formed at the end of the drum round its axis. Part of the drum Z
is shown separately in elevation at Fig. Z upon the Drawing. It is adapted
to revolve with considerable velocity in a box or case r, having a perforated
cover to allow the air to escape, whilst the cotton, together with the dust or
dirt, are thrown into the said box. Part of the framing of the machine is
shewn at a, a, in Fig. 11, and by the dotted lines in Fig. 10. y, y, represent
wooden covers or casings, which are situated near to the circumference of the
wheels or kirbs A, and are firmly secured to the machine frame. Note.-The
section, Fig. 11, only represents the machinery which is situated at one end of
the main drum of the carding machine, as the machinery at the other end is
similar in every respect. In this Figure a portion of the main drum is shewn
at 20 with its axis 21 passing freely through an opening in the collar piece V.
The pivot or gudgeon 22, upon which the main drum revolves, is supposed to
turn in a bearing fixed to the framing x, x, of the machine.
Having described the principal parts of the mechanism for effecting the
cleaning of the top cards, I will proceed to explain the manner in which it is
caused to operate, as follows:-The sliding sockets I upon the radial arms G
(which are situated in the machine at each end of the main drum, as above
mentioned,) have connecting rods a jointed to them. The other extremities
of these rods are supposed to be jointed to two cranks or excentrics, which are
fixed upon an axis in such manner, that when the said cranks or excentrics
are caused to revolve, as will be herein-after described, they will communicate

page_text: a vibratory or reciprocating motion to the sliding sockets I and radial arms G
with their appendages round the fixed collar V, before mentioned, such vibra-
tory motion aforesaid being limited in its angle or extent to the position from
No. I. to No. III. by a curved projection k, upon the side of the ring H
coming into contact with fixed stops landm, which are cast upon the stationary
collar piece V; thus, when the radial arm. G with its appendages has arrived at
the situation No. I., the projection k upon the divided ring H will be in con-
tact with the stop or stud /upon the fixed collar V; and when the said arm
has arrived into the situation No. III., the other side or edge of the projection /
will be in contact with the stud m upon the fixed collar V. Now, suppose the
arm G to have just arrived at the situation No. I., with the various parts or
appendages disposed as represented in the position No. III., viz', the hook or
fork L upon the upper part of the bar K will be beneath the longest pin
or stud F, which projects from the end of the top No. 1. (which is supposed
at this period to be laying down in its place upon the rims of the wheel A,) at
the same time the hook O'at the uppermost end of the curved lever P will
be directly over the short stud E of the same top No..I. The sliding sockets I
will be situated at the shoulder or lower part of the arm G, or as near as it is
at liberty to approach towards the centre of motion of the said arm. The
pin N, which projects from the arm M of the sliding socket, will operate to
retain the curved lever P in its situation by bearing in the notch or hook n,
which is formed at the lower extremity of the said lever. In this situation
the cranks or excentrics before mentioned are not supposed to have arrived
at the extent of their motion; consequently the connecting rod a continues to
advance in the direction of the arrow shewn upon the said rod in the position
No. I.; and as the arm G is prevented by the fixed stop from moving further
round upon its centre of motion or collar V, as before mentioned, the further
advance of the connecting rod a will operate to slide the socket I upon the
arm G in a direction outwards, or away from the centre of motion of the arm.
By this motion of the sliding socket, the hook or fork L will come in contact
with the pin or stud F, and will thus raise up the top card No. I. until its
cther stud E becomes situated in the hook O of the curved lever P. By this
time the pin N of the sliding socket I will have arrived at the inclined plane
op, of the lever P1, and by its action thereupon will force the lower end of
the said lever towards the arm G, and will thus move the hook o at its upper
end backwards, so as to carry the stud E along with it, and operate to turn
the top card sideways,or into the position shewn at No. I in the Fig. 10. The
hook O will remain in the same position until the pin Narrives at the com.
mencement of the inclined plane gir, upon the curved lever P!, at which time

page_text: it will begin to return by the action of a steel spring s, which is adapted to
I ear against it; and as the fork Lwhich holds the stud Fstill continues to rise,
the top card will be entirely overturned, as represented in the position No.11.
In this situation it will be held fast, by the pin N having arrived in the hook
or notch r of the curved lever P; and in order to secure it still further, an
elbow lever or catch 1, b, is applied, which turns upon a center pin, affixed to
the lower part of the arm G in such a manner. that its catch or step is caused
by the operation of the weight 6 to enter beneath a stud w, which projects
from the sliding socket L. By this time the cranks or excentrics aforesaid are
supposed to have passed the centre or pitch, and begun to move the connecting
rod a in the opposite direction, thereby drawing forward the arm G with its
appendages, together with the top card, from the situation No. I. into the
situation marked No. III., the cleaning of the teeth of the top card being
performed at the situation No. II. during its passage under the cleaning
cylinder Y, which is supposed to be revolving in the direction shewn by the
arrow, as before mentioned. During the period that the arm G is moving
with the top card from the situation No. I. to No. III., the teeth or cogs upon
its divided ring H, before mentioned, will be acting in the teeth of the sector
R,and by moving the said sector into the dotted position shewn in Fig. 10, the
click Tat its lower extremity will operate upon the teeth of the internal ratchet
U,and will turn or shift the kirbs or wheels A, before mentioned, round upon
the fixed collar V; and as the top cards are mounted upon the rims of the
said wheels, they will be shifted altogether in a direction from the doffer
towards the feeding rollers through a space exactly equal to the breadth of
one of the top cards; this shifting motion will be taking place in an opposite
direction to the motion of the arm G. By the aid of this contrivance, by the
time that the arm G has arrived into the position No. III., the wheels A have
moved round and carried all the top cards along with them in a sufficient degree
to make room for laying down the clean top card No. I., which the arm G is
supposed to have brought forwards. When the arm G has arrived at the situ-
ation No. III., its further advance is stopped by the projection K coming into
contact with the fixed stop upon the stationary collar V, before mentioned;
the stop u upon the elbow lever t, b, is supposed to have been removed or
withdrawn from beneath the stud w of the sliding socket I by the round weight
b, at the extremity of the said elbow lever, having passed over the inclined
plane C, which is formed at the back of the fixed stop . At this time the
crauksor excentrics,before mentioned, are supposed to have passed the center,
and began to force the connecting rod a endways in the direction of the
arrow a, No. III., so as to operate in moving the sliding socket I downwards

page_text: upon the arm G, towards the center of the main drum; by this sliding motion
the hook O of the curved lever P, which still holds the stud E of the top
card, will be moved backwards by the action of the pin N upon the inclined
planer, q, and will thus allow the hook or fork L to pass by it with the long
stud F, so as to turn the top card sideways or into the position shown at
No. I. in the Drawing. After this is effected, the fork L will continue
to descend with the stud F, whilst the hook O, carrying along with it the
stud E, will be moved forwards again by the operation of the spring S,
which acts behind it; during this period the pin N is descending the in-
clined plane p, o, and by the time it arrives at the point o the top card
will have assumed a proper position for being deposited in the place
formerly occupied by the top card No. 12, which said top card No. 12
will be found to have moved round into the situation formerly occupied
by No. 11, and so on for the whole series of top cards, each one occupying
(relatively to any fixed point in the machine) the space which was occupied by
the No. which preceded it. As soon as the clean top card No. I. has been
deposited in its new place, as aforesaid, its adjusting screws D, before men-
tioned, will bear steadily upon the periphery or rims of the wheels or kirbs A,
andits projecting pinsorstuds C will have entered properly into the cylindrical
holes B upon the rims of the said wheels, and thereby the said top card will
be in a state to be moved round along with the other top cards at the next
operation. In this situation the sliding socket I will be found at the bottom
of the arm G bearing against its shoulder, and all the parts will be in the
position shewn by the No. III. upon the Drawing; the connecting rod a, con-
tinuing its motion in the direction shewn by the arrow a, will begin to move
the arm G with its appendages, backwards or towards the feeding rollers, and
as soon as the round weight 6 of the lever t, b, has descended from the inclined
plane c, its step or catch v will have seized hold of the upper side of the pro-
jection or stud w of the sliding socket I, and will operate to preserve tho
various parts which are connected with the radial arm G in the same relative
positions until the said arm has arrived into the situation No. 1, and the catch
has been withdrawn or removed from above the stud wo, by its round weight
6 having passed over or travelled up the inclined plane d, which is cast upon
the stationary collar V; by this time the projection & upon the divided ring H
k
has come into contact with the fixed step 1, before mentioned, so that the
further advanceof the connecting rod a will begin to move the sliding socket I
upon the arm G, in order to take up another of the top cards in order to be
carried forwards, cleaned, and laid down again, in the manner herein-before
described. The cleaning and clearing cylinders Y and Z, as also the cranks or

page_text: excentrics, before mentioned, which producethenecessary reciprocating motion
of the arm G with its appendages, as aforesaid, are connected by suitable
wheelwork with the machinery which gives motion to the main drum of
the carding machine, as will be herein-after described with reference to the
Sheet V, of Drawings hereunto annexed. By my said improvement the order
or system in which the top cards are cleaned will be such, that the cleanest
top card will always be found situated nearest to the doffer, the intermediate
cards being cleaner in proportion as they approach the doffer, and the card
which usnally contains the most cotton or dirt will be situated nearest to the
feeding rollers; this effect is produced by the operation of the revolving kirbs
or wheels marked A, before mentioned.
My second improvement in machinery for carding cotton and wool is
described with reference to the Sheet V. of Drawings, which is hereunto
annexed. It consists in a new arrangement and disposition of the shafts or
axes and wheelwork for communicating the requisite motion to a system of
carding machines, such system being composed of ten, twenty, or other con-
venient number of carding machines, which are supposed to be acting in
concert, so as deliver their bands or rovings upon one common system of
endless straps or belts, in order that they may be conveyed away in the form
of a lap to a lapping machine. I place twenty or other convenient number of
carding machines together in two rows, being situated opposite to each other,
as represented in Fig. 12, Sheet V., which is supposed to represent a plan
shewing the situation of two only of the carding machines, on each sidemarked
A, A, the other being supposed to be similarly arranged. These carding
machines are supposed to be of the description called breaking cards, and the
bands or rovings which they produce are delivered upon the endless straps P,
being turned at a right angle, and laid down by the side of each other, so as to
beconveyed away to a lapping machine of the ordinary description, situated at
one end of the system of endless straps, in the same manner as I have herein-
before mentioned with reference to the first blowing machine upon Sheet I. of
Drawings. Fig. 13, Sheet V., represents an end view of the wheelwork or
machinery for giving motion to the two rows of carding machines, aforesaid.
This Figure shews an end view of part of the lapping machine; it also shews
the system or train of wheel work and cranksor excentrics, herein-before men-
tioned, which communicates the requisite reciprocating movement to the arms
G of the machinery for cleaning the top cards, as described with reference to
the Sheet IV. of Drawings.
My improvement in the machinery for giving motion to the carding
machines, as aforesaid, is as follows:-B and C represents two shafts or axes,

page_text: which are supposed to extend throughout the whole range or row of carding
machines, being coupled together in lengths, and supported at certain distances
in bearings rising up from the floor of the mill. These shafts are connected
together, and caused to turn with equal velocities by having bevelled wheels b
and c fixed upon them, which engage with the teeth of other bevelled wheels
d, d, fixed upon each extremity of a cross or transverse shaft D., The shaft B
receives its motion from the mill in the following manner:-F shews a drum
or wheel which is fixed upon one end of the shaft B; the circumference of
this drum is turned truly cylindrical, and is adapted to bear, in contact with
the circumference of another cylindrical drum mounted upon an axis or shaft,
beneath the floor of the mill. The situation of the second drum is repre-
sented by the dotted circle E, in Fig. 13; it is supposed to be of the same
diameter as the drum F, and to be connected in any suitable manner
with the prime moving power or machinery of the mill, so as to revolve with
a velocity of about six hundred turns per minute; the circumference of one
of the drums E or F is covered with buff leather or other similar yielding
material, and the other is turned smooth, in order that the surface of the drum
E by revolving simply in contact with the surface of the 'drum F, may create
a sufficient friction or resistance to cause the drum Fto revolve also; but when
the motion of the carding machines is required to be suspended, it is only
necessary to destroy the contact between the surfaces of the two drums E and
F, by depressing the extremity of the lever f, shewn in Figs. 12 and 13, which
will operate to raise up thedrum F in a slight degree, the portion of the shaft
B, upon which this druin is fixed, being coupled to the other portion in such a
manner as to allow of the extremity where the drum F is situated being moved
slightly up and down. The shafts B and C communicate motion to the main
diums of the carding machines by the simple contact ofcylindrical surfaces in
the following manner:-The shafts B and C have wheels h fixed upon them
at the proper distances asunder, to correspond with the situation of the different
carding machines, as shewn in the plan, Fig. 12. The circumferences of the
wheelsh arecovered with buffleather or other yielding material, and each ofthe
said wheels are adapted to move in contact with the circumference of a wheel i
of equal diameter, having a plain cylindrical rim upon the axis of the wheel i.
A pinion is fixed engaging with the teeth ofa cog.wheel upon the extremity
of the axis of the main drums of the carding machines (which are marked 20
in the Fig. 18). These wheels and pinions are of such diameter and numbers
of teeth that the shafts B and C will perform about six revolutions for one
revolution ofthe main drums. If any one or more of the carding machines in
either of the rows which constitute the system, as aforesaid, should from any.

page_text: cause require to be stopped, it is effected by destroying the contact between the
surfaces of the wheels and i appertaining to such machine, by withdrawing
the wheel in a slight degree from the wheel h; for this purpose the axes
of the wheels are mounted upon moveable levers or arms affixed to the
framing of the machines, the said arms or levers being furnished with a catch
or detent, so as to retain them in either position at pleasure. When it
becomes necessary to suspend the motion of any of the carding machinesafore-
said, the places upon the endless straps P, which were occupied by the bands
or rovings proceeding from such machines, must be filled upby other bands
or rovings, which are either to be simply drawn from a cann provided on
purpose; or otherwise one or more supplementary carding machines may be
adapted to the system in such manner as to be capable of being started and
continued in motion during the period that any of the regular machines were
not in action, aud the bands or rovings wbich the said supplementary carding
machines produce would be laid down upon the endless straps P, in the place
of the bands or rdvings of those machines which were thrown out of action.
The endless straps P, which are situated between the two rows of carding
machines, passover the the surface of a long table, and are extended over rollers
at each end thereof, and the bands or rovings which are produced by the two
rows of carding machines are delivered through spouts or conductors, marked
Z in the Figs. 12 and 13, being drawn through the said spoutsin proportion
as it comes from the doffers by delivering rollers Q, which are mounted upon
two inclined axes R, R, extending the entire length of the table, the said two
axes being united by wheelwork, and connected with the machinery which
moves the main drums, the said wheelwork being so proportioned that the
delivering rollers Q upon both the inclined axes Rare caused to move with
an equal velocity, such velocity being also equal to the velocity of the endless
straps P', in order that the bands or rovings which are delivered by the rollers
Q, and turned at a right angle, as aforesaid, may be carried away upon the
surface of the endless straps P, without being stretched or drawn out in any
material degree. If twenty carding machines of the above description were
used together, their bands or rovings, when laid by the side of each other upon
the endless straps P (as represented by the dotted lines in Fig. 12), would form
a band or lap of about thirty-six inches in width. This lap, after passing
under a pressing roller S, which bears with its weight upon the endless
straps, so as to press upon the cotton, is caused to pass through two pairs of
callender roliers I and K, and be finally wound or lapped upon a roller L,
by the operation of a lapping machine of the ordinary description. The
pulley or rigger 1 and rollers of this lapping machine are put in motion

page_text: by an endless strap M, proceeding from a small pulley upon the cross
connecting shaft D, before mentioned. This lapping machine is supposed to
be provided with a train of wheelwork, similar to what I have described with
reference to the lapping machine upon the Sheet III. of Drawings; the pro-
portions of the said train being such, that the circumference of the lapping
roller L would be caused to move with the same velocity as the surface of the
endless straps P. The roller L when sufficiently filled with the band or lap of
cotton upon its circumference, is capable of being removed to the finishing
carding machine, as will be herein-after described. The cleaning cylinder Y,
covered with teeth or cards, and the tin plate clearing cylinder Z, which
operate in the cleaning or clearing of the top cards, as described with refe-
rence to the Sheet IV. of Drawings, as also the doffing cylinder with its comb,
are adapted to receive their motions from the main drum of the carding
machines by the aid of a single endless strap in the following manner :-A
rigger or pulley n is fixed upon one end of each of the main drum shafts in the
position shewn by the dotted circle », in Fig. 13, Sheet V. Round this pulley
an endless strap o passes, which embraces about one halfof the circumference
thereof, from whence it proceeds to the under side of the pulley p, which is fixed
upon the axis of the cleaning cylinder Y, beforementioned. The endless strapo
embraces only a small portion of the pulley p; it thence passes over a pulley 9,
and descends to another pulley t, from whence it returns to the under side of
the first pulley n, being united into an endless strap. The pulley q has a
pinion r fixed upon its axis, which engages with the teeth of another pinion s,
upon the axis of the tin plate clearing cylinder Z,as will appear from inspection
of the plan, Fig. 12. The pulley tis fixed upon a small shaft, which has a
pinion upon it engaging with the teeth of a wheel u, upon whose axis a pinion
is fixed, which engages with the teeth of an interior cog wheel w,having teeth
upon the inner circumference of its rim. This wheel is fixed npon the axis of
thedoffing cylinder. Upon each end of thesmall shaftwhich carries the pulley,
before mentioned,asmalleccentricor crankis fixed, whichcommunicates motion
by the aid of slight connecting rods to the doffing comby, for the purpose of
taking or combing the cotton away from the doffing cylinder, and delivering it
upon the conductors or spouts Z', herein-before mentioned. The principal
part of the framing of the carding machine is represented in the Fig. 13, but
it will not require any particular explauation. The feeding rollers are situated
at H; they are supposed to be put in motion in the ordinary manner. T
represents the roller of cotton for supplying the machine. This roller is sup-
posed to have been brought from the lapping machine, which is attached to the
blowing machine,in the manner herein-before mentioned. The reciprocating

page_text: motions of the arm G of the machinery for cleaning the top cards, as herein-
before described with reference to the Sheet IV. of Drawings, is performed
in the following manner :-The first shaft B, Figs. 12 and 15, Sheet V.,
has an endless screw or worm fixed upon it, which engages with the
teeth of a worm wheel upon the lower end of an inclined axis, marked
2, in Figure 13. The uppermost extremity of the inclined axis 2 has a
worm or endless screw 3 formed on it, which is adapted to engage with
the teeth of a worm wheel 4. This wheel is fixed upon one end of an axis
or shaft 5, which extends the entire length of the table (over which the
endless straps P pass, as before mentioned), boing supported at intervals
in bearings attached to the framings which support the said table. The
shaft 5 has pinions 6 fixed upon it, which engage with the teeth of large
wheels 7. The teeth of the wheels 7 ongage with the teeth of the wheels S,
being of equal diameters; theyare mounted so as to turn freely upon stationary
studs or pins projecting from the same framing, which supports the bearings
of the long shaft 5. Two of these wheels are provided for each carding
machine, as shewn in the plan, Fig. 12; they have each a pin or stud
projecting from one of their arms, to which pins the connecting rods a are
jointed. The opposite extremities of these connecting rods are jointed to the
sliding socket upon the radial arm G,so that when the wheels 7 and 8 revolve,
the pins which project from their arms,as aforesaid,act as cranks or eccentrics
to move the arm G backwards and forwards. By this arrangement of having
two wheels or cranks with their connecting rods a to each carding machine,
the arms G, which are situated on each side of the carding machines, with
their appendages of machinery for effecting the cleaning of the top cards, as
before described,are caused to move exactly together,in a direction parallel to
each other, the train of wheelwork being so proportioned that the wheels 7
and S will be caused to perform one revolution during a period of about four
minutes, and the eccentric pins which form the cranks, as aforesaid,arefixed in
the wheels 7 and S in such a manner that not more than one out of the twenty
carding machines forming the system is supposed to be performing the same
part of its operation connected with the cleaning of the top cards at the same
time,so that a top card belonging to one or other of the twenty machines will be
in the act of passing under the cleaning cylinder Yabout every twelve seconds.
The finishing carding machines I arrange in two rows, to form a system of
about twenty machines, and I communicate motion to them in the same
manner as above described with reference to the Figs. 12 and 13, Sheet V.
These finishing carding machines are supposed to receive the bands or laps of
cotton from the rollers 1, which are brought from the lapping machino

page_text: attached to the system of breaking carding machines, as before described;
but instead of the finishing carding machines delivering their produce of
rovings upon a system of endless straps, so as to be carried away in one entire
lap or band of thirty-six inches wide, as is the case with the breaking carding
machines,thetwenty finishing tardingmachines would be caused to deliver their
rovings upon a system ofendless straps,which are separated by slight divisions,
so as to form tive or other convenient number of distinctlaps or bands of cotton.
These laps or bands are caused to pass through two pairs of fluted drawing
rollers, which are connected by a train of wheelwork, so as to move with a
proper velocity for drawing out the laps or bands about four or five times,
after which the laps or bands are passed through five or other requisite number
of conductors or spouts, and are laid down at a right angle upon an endless
strap or belt, in order to be carried away to a double lapping machine,furnished
with a moveable conductor, upon my improved construction, as herein-before
described with reference to the Figures 8 and 9 upon the Sheet III.of Draw..
ings. In single carding, or whenever the produce of a number of carding -
machines is passed immediately through a series of drawing rollers, it will be
found necessary to employ the double-actingor continuous lapping machine to
wind or lap up the said produce, because the band or lap of cotton would
come out or be delivered from the drawing rollers with too great a velocity
to admit of time for taking, ont the rollers when filled with cotton, and
replacing them by empty rollers during the continued operation of the carding
machines; and if the motion of the carding machines was to be suspended for
the purpose of changing the rollers, a great loss of time would be the conse-
quence. From the said double lapping machine; the rollers, when filled with
the laps or bands of cotton; may be removed to the drawing frame, as will be
herein described with reference to the Figures 14 and 15 upon the Sheet VI.
of Drawings, which is hereunto annexed.
Fig. 14 represents a horizontal plan of a drawing frame constructed accord-.
ing to my improvement; it is represented as adapted for five drawing heads,
two of which are shewn with the top rollers in their places, one with tho
top rollers removed, and in the remaining two heads the drawing rollers.
are supposed to be removed entirely. Figuro 15 represents an end sec-:
tion of the same machine. The bands or laps of cotton previously prepared
for the drawing frame by the carding machine, or the finishing blowing.
machine, as herein-before mentioned, are brought from such machines upon
the rollers marked B, which are deposited in their place upon the drawing
frame, so as to bear with their weight upon two cylindrical rollers C and
D, which rollers are caused to revolve for the purpose of unrolling the

page_text: band or lap of cotton from the circumference of the roller B, the operation per.
formed being the reverse of what is performed in a lapping machine. From
the roller B the cotton is conveyed through a conductor a to the three sets of
drawing rollers b, c, andd. These drawing rollers are constructed in a manner
somewhat different from the drawing rollers which are usually employed in
cotton manufacture (but to which construction I make no claim),viz,instead of
having a fluted bottom roller,and a plain top roller covered with leather,resting
perpendicularly upon it, two bottom rollers are employed, which have fluted
surfaces,and a plain top rollercovered with leather, being of twice the diameter
of the said bottom rollers. This top roller is adapted to rest in the angular
space formed between the two bottom rollers, as shewn at b, c, d, in Figure
15. By this construction I am enabled to employ small fluted or bottom
rollers, so as to bring the sets of rollers (between which the draught of cotton
takes place) very near to each other, so as thereby to seize the shortest fibres
of the cotton, and hold or nipp it firmly between the rollers without employing
a strong pressure. Another advantage of this construction is, that the cotton
is not so liable to wind or lap round either of the rollers, a circumstance which
often occurs in the use of small top rollers of the ordinary construction; and in
order still further toguard against this occurrence,I make the foremost fluted
roller of the front set d of larger diameter than the rest of the bottom rollers,
as shewn in the section, Figure 15. I connect five or any other convenient
number of drawing heads together by couplings, and give motion to them by
a train of wheelwork situated at one end of the machine nearly in the same
manner as is practised in bobbin and fly frames, mules, and other machines
used in cotton spinning. This train of wheelwork should be so proportioned
that the bands or laps of cotton will be drawn out from about twelve to fifteen
times during its passage between the three sets of drawing rollers, aforesaid.
After the bands or laps of cotton have passed through the drawing rollers b,c,
and d, they are conveyed through spouts or conductors Z to the inclined
delivery rollers Q, and after passing these rollers, they are turned at a right
angle, and laid down close by the side of eachother upon the endless strap P,
which is extended over a flat table, and is caused to circulate over rollers T
and V in the direction shewn by the arrow, in order to convey the cotton away
to a double lapping machine, which is suposed to be situated at the end of
the drawing frame, and to be furnished with a moveable conductor A,according
to the construction described by reference to the Figures 8 and 9,Sheet III.of
Drawings. A small portion only of the moveable conductor A is represented
in the Figure 14, Sheet VI. The requisite movements are communicated to
the different parts of the drawing frame in the following manner:-The axis

page_text: marked 9 is supposed to proceed from the double lapping machine aforesaid,
being caused to revolve by the operation of a pair of bevelled wheels and strap
rigger from the mill, in the same manner as is described for the shaft or axis
marked 9, Sheet III. The axis 9 has a bevelled wheel 10 fixed upon it, '
engaging with the teeth of the bevelled wheel 11, which is fixed upon one
extremity of a cross or transverse axis 12. This axis has a pinion m upon
its other extremity, which engages with the teeth of a cog wheel N fixed upon
the axis of the roller T, round which the endless strap P passes, as before
mentioned. By this means the endless strap P is caused to circulate in the
direction shewn by the arrow. The cross axis 12 is furnished near the middle
of its length with a bevelled wheel 13,which gives motion to another bevelled '
wheel 14, upon a short axis turning in a fixed bracket h, thereby serving to
communicate motion by the aid of an inclined axis and two universal joints to
the delivering rollers, which are situated at the further extremity of the move-
able conductor A, as described with reference to the Sheet III. of Drawings.
The extremity of the axis 9 has a pinion 20 fixed upon it, which communi-
cates motion through the medium of the intermediate or carryer wheels 21
and 22 to the wheel 23, which is fixed upon the axis of the front fluted roller
of the set of drawing rollers d. This train of wheels is represented by the
dotted circles in the Figure 15. The delivering rollers Q are put in motion
by the teeth of the intermediate wheel 22, engaging with the teeth of a
pinion 24 upon a short axis, which is connected by a universal joint 25 with
the inclined axis of the delivering rollers Q. The above-mentioned trains
of wheelwork are so proportioned that the circumference of the front set of
drawing rollers d, the circumference of the delivering rollers Q,and the surface
of the endless strap P, are caused to move with the same velocity, or nearly
so. The rollers or cylinders C and D, which deliver out the lap or band of
cotton from off the circumference of the roller B to the drawing rollers, as
before mentioned, are put in motion in the following manner :-A bevelled
wheel marked his fixed upon the axis of the back fluted roller of the set of
drawing rollers b. The teeth of this wheel engage with the teeth of a
bevelled wheel i, which is fixed upon the uppermost extremity of an inclined
axis k. The lower end of this axis is furnished with a bevelled pinion m,
which
engages with the teeth of the bevelled wheel n, upon the axis of which
a pinion o is fixed,engaging with the teeth of two equal cog wheels p and q,
fixed upon the extremities of the axis of the rollers C and D. This train of
wheels is so proportioned that the circumferences of the rollers C and D are
caused to move with the same velocity as the circumference of the back set of
drawing rollers b. The rollers containing the band or lap of cotton are
D
'

page_text: removed from the double-acting lapping machine (which is connected with the
drawing frame above described), and are conveyed to a second drawing frame,
and sometimes from that to a third or fourth, according to quality of the
cotton or the fineness of the yarn which is desired to be produced. The said
drawing frames would be similar to the one above described, and would each
be provided with a double lapping machine, but the last or finishing drawing
frame would have a division or narrow partition upon the endless strap P, for the
purpose of dividing the band or lap of cotton into two separate portions, which
would be wound or lapped by the lapping machine upon the circumference of a
roller in such a manner as to form two distinct laps or bands, adapted to be
operated upon by the stretching frame or stretcher upon my improved con-
struction,as will be herein explained with reference to the Figures 16 and 17,
upon the Sheet VI. of Drawings annexed. This machine is intended to be
employed instead of the bobbin and fly or first can frame, otherwise denomi-
nated the slubbing frame.
Fig.16 represents a horizontal plan of the principal parts of the machine.
I usually connect fifty heads of the drawing or stretcher rollers together
in length, each roller having two bosses or enlargements upon it, adapted to
operate upon two laps or bands at once; but places for three heads only of
drawing or stretching rollers are shewn in the length in Fig. 16, they being
all of similar construction; two of the said heads of stretching rollers are
represented with the top rollers in their places.
Fig. 17 represents an end section of the machine. B shews the rollers con-
taining the bands or laps of cotton supposed to have been brought from the last
drawing frame. These rollers are laid in the machine so as to bear with their
weight upon the circumferences of two rollers orcylinders C and D, which are
caused to revolve by the operation of a train of wheelwork from the back fluted
roller of the set of stretching rollers b, in the same manner as herein-before
described with reference to the drawing frame (and as shewn by dotted lines
in Fig. 17). By the action of the rollers C and D, the laps of cotton are
unwound or unlapped from off the rollers B, and are conveyed through tubes
or conductors a to the three sets of drawing or stretching rollers b, c, and d;
during its passage through the said rollers it is drawn out from about twelve
to fifteen times, each set of rollers being composed of two small fluted bottom
rollers, and one toproller covered with leather of about twice the diameter of
the bottom rollers, and resting between them,in the same manner as described
in the construction of the drawing frame. After the laps of cotton have
passed the three sets of rollers b, c, and d, they are each conveyed through a
spout or conductor Z to a pair of small callender rollers I, whose axis is

page_text: situated parallel to the axis of the rollers b, c, and d; by this time the bands or
laps of cotton (by having undergone repeated drawings, and by passing through
narrow-ended spouts or conductors, have assumed the state of rovings, which,
after passing between the calender rollers I, are conveyed through small tubular
conductors K to the delivering rollers Q, which are fixed upon an inclined or
oblique axis situated over a stationary table. This table has a cloth Ppassing
over it, adapted to receive the rovings upon its surface, the said rovings being
turned at a right angle and laid down by the side of each other upon the
cloth P, in the manner as herein-before described with reference to the
drawing frame. The cloth P is supposed to have been previously wound or
lapped up round the circumference of a roller V; this roller is adapted to
rest upon the surface of a cylindrical roller W, which is caused to revolve
by a connection of wheelwork with the front fluted roller d, in order to
unwind or unlap the cloth P from off the roller V, and allow it to be
drawn along over the table, before mentioned, in the direction shewn by
the arrow, carrying the rovings along with it. The said cloth is drawn
forwards over the table by its other extremity being wound or lapped upon
the circumference of a roller T. This roller is caused to revolve by resting
with its circumference upon the surface of two cylindrical rollers G and
H, which are put in motion by a train of wheelwork nearly in the same
manner as a lapping machine. By this means the rovings are rolled or lapped
upon the roller T along with the cloth P, the roller T being pressed down
upon the rollers G and H by a very considerable weight. The requisite
movements are communicated to the different parts of this machine in the
following manner:-1 represents a rigger or pulley, which is supposed to
receive its motion by an endless strap from the machinery of the mill. Upon
the axis of this pulley a pinion 2 and bevelled wheel 7 are fixed; the pinion 2
engages with the teeth of a cog wheel 3; upon the axis of which a pinion 5 is
fixed, which engages with the teeth of two equal cog wheels 4 and 6 upon the
axes of the rollers G and H, before mentioned. The teeth of the bevelled
wheel 7 engage with a bevelled wheel 8 upon the extremity of an axis 9,
which axis is coupled to the front fluted roller of the set of drawing rollers d.
A pinion 20 is fixed upon the axis 9, which engages with the teeth of an inter-
mediate or carrier wheel 22. The wheel 22 communicates motion by means
of a pinion 23 to the callender rollers I; it also communicates motion, by
means ofa pinion 24, to the inclined axis of the delivering roller Qlthrough the
medium of a universal joint 25. The axis of the front fluted roller at the
opposite end of the machine has a cog wheel r fixed upon it, which engages
with the teeth of another cog wheel, upon whose axis a bevelled wheel sis fixed,

page_text: engaging with the teeth of another bevelled wheel t, upon the axis of which a
pinion vis fixed, engaging with the teeth of a cog wheel w, upon the axis of
the cylindrical roller W, before mentioned, which operates to unwind the
cloth P from off the roller V. The trains of wheelwork above described must
be so proportioned that the circumferences of the following rollers should be
caused to move with the same uniform velocity, or nearly so, viz, the front
drawing rollers d, the callender roller I, the delivering rollers Q, the roller W',
and the rollers G and H. In order to enable the delivering rollers Q to lay the
rovings of cotton down more evenly upon the surface of the cloth P,a piece or
plank of woodgis fixed beneath thesaid rollers,asshewn inthesection, Figure17.
The edgeor front of this piece of wood is situated parallel with the inclined axis
of the said rollers, and is covered with tin plate or other smooth material, down
which the rovings are adapted to slide in their descent from the rollersQto the
surface of the cloth P. The roller T, with the cloth P and rovings lapped
upon its circumference, is adapted to be removed to the second stretcher, which
is described with reference to the Figures 18, 19, and 20 upon the Sheet VII.
of Drawings, which is hereunto annexed. This machine is similar in many
respects to the first stretcher above described. The principal variations therein
consist in the manner of feeding or supplying the machine with the cotton or
rovings, as will be herein-after explained.
Fig. 18 represents a horizontal plan, shewing the principal parts of the
machine; only one of the heads of drawing or stretching rollerais represented,
as they would all be of similar construction. I usually connect twenty-five of
these heads together, and unite them by couplings iu the ordinary manner.
Figure 19 represents a side elevation of the same machine, and Fig. 20 an
end elevation, the same characters or letters of reference being used upon corre-
sponding parts in the Figures whenever they occur. T represents a roller or
cylinder, supposed to have been brought from the last-described machine,
having the cloth and rovings lapped upon its circumference, as aforesaid. This
roller is deposited in the machine in such a position that it will bear with its
circumference in contact with the surfaces of two rollers or cylinders Cand D,
which are caused to revolve by a train of wheelwork (as will be herein-after
explained) in such manner, that the cloth A containing the rovings will be
unwound or unlapped from the circumference of the roller T. The said cloth
on quitting the roller T is conducted over a stationary plank or table, and the
rovings on quitting the surface of the cloth A are each passed through a small
aperture or eye, formed in a slip of brass plate or other metal, which is fixed to a
rail of wood a,extending along the table or plank aforesaid, above the surfaceof
the cloth. The edge of the rail a is situated in a direction parallel to the inclined

page_text: axis of the feeding rollers B, which rollers are adapted to draw the rovings
through the small apertures, aforesaid, taking them up from the surface of
the cloth A in proportion as the same advances in the direction shewn by the
arrow A. The cloth, after delivering the rovings which it contained, passes
over a roller E, returns beneath the stationary table, and is wound or lapped
upon the circumference of a roller, which is supposed to be situated so as to
receive its motion by bearing in contact with the circumference of the roller
or cylinder D, before mentioned, and as will be herein-after explained with
reference to the roller marked V, in Figure 19. The rovings are conveyed
from the inclined feeding rollers B through small troughs or conductors to the
three sets of drawing rollers b, c, and d, each of which sets consists of three
rollers, constructed in the same manner as above described. With reference
to the drawing frames and first stretching machine, the rollers b, c,and & have
each two enlargements or bosses upon them, and each of those bosses are
adapted to pass six, eight, or other convenient number of rovings at the same
time. The rovings, after having passed the three sets of drawing rollers,
during which passage they are supposed to have been drawn out from about
twelve to fifteen times, are then conveyed through small conductors to a pair
of callender rollers I, whose axis is situated parallel to the axes of the rollers
b, c, d; from these callender rollers the rovings pass over the surface of a tin
plate, and through small apertures or spouts to the delivering rollers Q, which
are situated upon an inclined axis, in a similar manner to the feeding rollers B
before mentioned. The rollers Q deliver the rovings upon the surface of a
cloth P over a rail faced with tin plate, as above mentioned in the last
description, where they are turned at a right angle, and laid down close by the
side of each other, in order to be conveyed away in the direction shewn by the
arrow P. The cloth P is extended over a stationary table, shewn at L, in
Fig. 10, and is caused to wind or lap upon the circumference of a roller F,
having the rovings lapped up along with it, as described for the first stretcher.
The roller F is put in motion by being pressed down with a considerable
weight upon the surfaces of two cylindrical rollers G and H,which are caused
to revolve with an equal velocity by a train of wheelwork, as will be herein-
after described. The cloth P is supplied or delivered at the same rate with
which the rovings are delivered from the rollers Q, by being previously
wound or lapped upon the circumference of a roller V, which is caused to
rest with its circumference against the surface of the cylindrica! roller H.
From the roller V,the cloth P proceeds partly round the roller H,and beneath
the stationary table L, in the direction shewn by the arrow P; it then returns
round the roller W (which is supposed to be situated at the extremity of the

page_text: machine), and passes over the surface of the table L,as aforesaid. The rollers
of cloth which are brought from the first stretcher usually contain about two
hundred rovings in width, laid by the side of each other; but it is advisable
to bring four hundred rovings together in one cloth for the purpose of being
conveyed to the mule, according to my improvement, as will be hercin-after
described. This is effected by employing at the same time two rollers, can-
taining feeding cloths and rovings, in order to supply rovings to the second
stretcher, each cloth containing two hundred rovings. The said two cloths are
caused to operate in concert by circulating over rollers, being put in motion by
the same means as I have already described, but so as to move in opposite
directions, as shown by the arrows A and A'. In the Figs. 18 and 19 cach
of these cloths supplies one-half of the drawing heads, which are arranged in
the length of the second stretcher; the cloth P, upon which they are delivered,
as before mentioned, being supposed equal to the entire length of the machine,
in order to receive and lap up on one roller the rovings which had been supplied
by the two separate feeding cloths A and A' aforesaid. When the roller V has
delivered the whole of its cloth, and it is required to continue the action of the
machine, the end of the cloth is to be nipped or clamped fast against the
under surface of the roller H, by means of a gripe or clamping piece X,
which is fixed upon an arm or lever z. The surface of this clamping piece is
formed to a concave, corresponding to the surface of the roller H, and it is
capable of being brought into close contact with the said roller by means of a
handle or lever Z, which is fixed upon a cross axis y, having small excentrics
fixed upon it, adapted to bear against the under side of the clamping piece X.
When this is effected the empty roller V is removed from the machine. and
another or similar roller, having a cloth previously lapped upon its circum-
ference, is substituted in the place of the roller V, and the extremities of the
two cloths are united together by hooks and eyes or other similar con-
trivance, so that the action of the machine may continue. When the
roller is sufficiently filled with the cloth and rovings, and requires to bo
removed, the cloth is prevented from retreating by means of a piece of wood,
which is laid across, and is pressed down upon the surface of the table L,
after which the cloths are to be taken asunder at the part where they hal
been hooked together, and an empty roller, having a short piece of cloth
attached to it, furnished with hooks or eyes along its extremity, is to be substi-
tuted in place of the roller F, so that the two pieces of cloth may in like
manner be hooked together, and the operation of the machine continue. The
reverse of these operations are performed in supplying new rollers (containing
thecloth and rovings) to the feeding side of the machine in place of the roller T,

page_text: before mentioned. On this last operation being performed, the ends of the
rovings would be united or pieced together before the machine was started
again. The manner of communicating the requisite movements to the
various parts of this machine is as follows:-1 represents a rigger or
pulley, which is supposed to be put in motion by an endless strap from the
machinery of the mill. Upon the axis of this pulley is fixed a pinion 2 and
bevelled wheel 7. The pinion 2 engages with the teeth of a cog wheel 3,
upon the axis of which a pinion 5 is fixed, engaging with the teeth of
two equal cog wheels 4 and 6, which are fixed upon the axis of the rollers
G and H, before mentioned. The bevelled wheel 7 engages with the teeth
of another bevelled wheel 8, which is fixed upon the extremity of an
axis 9. The other extremity of the axis 9 is coupled to the axis of the
front fluted roller of the set of drawing rollers d, before mentioned. The
callender rollers I and deliveringrollers Q receive their motion in the following
manner-The axis 9 has a pinion 20 fixed upon it, which engages with the
teeth of an intermediate or carrier wheel 22; this wheelengages with the teeth
of a pinion 23 upon the axis of the calendar rollers I. The wheel 22 also
communicates motion (by the aid of a pinion 24) to the inclined axis of the
delivering roller Q through the medium of an universal joint 25. The said
trains of wheelwork are so proportioned, that the circumferences of thefollow-
ing rollers or cylinders are caused to move with the same uniform velocity or
nearly so, viz, the front drawing rollersd,the callender rollers I,thedelivering
rollers Q, and the rollers G and H. The front set of drawing rollers & are
connected by a train of wheels with the other sets b and cin such proportions,
that the circumferences of the front set of rollers d are caused to move with
a velocity from about twelve to fifteen times greater than the velocity with
which the circumference of the back set of rollers 6 move, so as to draw out
the rovings from about twelve to fifteen times. The feeding rollers B, and
cylinders or rollers C and D, which unlap the cloth and rovings from the
roller T, in order to supply the machine, as aforesaid, are moved in the follow-
ing manner:-A pinion h and bevelled wheel are fixed upon the axis of the
back fluted roller of the set of drawing rollers 6. The pinion h engages with
the teeth of an intermediate wheel i, which gives motion to the wheel & upon
ashort axis, and this axis is united by a universal joint r to the inclined axis of
the feeding rollers B. The bevelled wheel/ engages with the teeth of another
bevelled wheel m, upon the axis of which a pinion n is fixed, engaging with
the teeth of a cog wheel p, which is fixed upon the axis of the roller ; the
cog wheel p gives motion through the medium of a broad pinion oto another
wheel q, of equal diameter, upon the axis of the roller D. This train of
cug

page_text: wheels should be so proportioned, that the circumferences of the back set
of drawing rollers b, the circumference of the feeding rollers B, and the circum-
ferences of the rollers C and D,may be caused to move with the same uniform
velocity, or nearly so.
My first improvement in machinery for spinning cotton and wool, as afore-
said, consists in supplying or feeding mules, throstles, or other spinning
machines by means of rovings which had been previously rolled or lapped
upon a cylinder or roller in a'cloth, as herein-before described with reference
to the second stretching machine, instead of supplying such spinning machines,
aforesaid, with rovings, which had been previously wound upon small separate
spindles or bobbins, as is generally practised.
My said improvement is capable of being applied to mules or throstles
such as are at present known and in use; and as the machinery for supplying
the rovings to such mules, throstles, or other spinning machines, aforesaid,
would be exactly similar to what I have already described for supplying or
feeding the second stretching machine, with reference to the Figures 18, 19,
and 20, upon the Sheet VII. of Drawing, it will not be requisite to give other
Drawings of it in my Specification. I shall therefore only state, with reference
to my first improvement in spinning, that the roller or cylinder marked F in the
Figure upon Sheet VII. of Drawings, and which has been already described
as containing the rovings of cotton wound or lapped up along with a cloth
upon its circumference, is intended to be placed upon a machine similar to the
feeding machine, which I have described as applied to the second stretcher.
This feeding machine is supposed to be connected with the mule, throstle, or
other spinning machine, so as to unwind or unlap the cloth containing the
rovings from the circumference of the said roller. By this feeding machine
the rovings will be taken up from off the surface of the cloth, and introduced or
conveyed to the drawing rollers of the mule or throstle, as aforesaid, instead of
the said drawing rollers being supplied with rovings from small separate
bobbins in the usual manner. The rovings after passing the drawing rollers of
the mule or throstle are intended to be twisted and wound upon the spindles
or bobbins in the ordinary manner so as to form the thread or yarn.
Another of my improvements in machinery for spinning cotton and wool
consists in the application of certain machinery for communicating the requisite
movements to mules in order to effect the running out of the carriage (as it is
called), and also for effecting the requisite variable motion of the carriage and
spindles for producing what is termed the double speed. The said improve-
ment will be explained by reference to the Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24 upon the
Sheet VIII. of Drawings, which is hereunto annexed.

page_text: Figure 21 is supposed to represent an horizontal plan of part of a mule
constructed according to my improvements; Fig. 22, an end elevation; and
Figs. 28 and 24, detached parts thereof. Note.-In these Figures, the chief
of such parts as are common to mules which are at present known and
in use are omitted, as they would be sufficiently understood by persons con-
versant with cotton spinuing machinery. The fluted drawing rollers, spindles,
and spindle drums are not represented in the Figures, as they would becon-
structed in the usual manner or nearly so; but the framing for supporting
the roller beam is altered (as will appear from inspection of Fig. 22), in
consequence of the mule being intended to receive its supply of rovings
from a feeding cloth, running over the platform or table marked 7, 7, in
the said Figure, according to one of my aforesaid improvements, instead
of its being supplied with rovings from bobbins in the ordinary manner.
The carriage in the mule represented in Sheet VIII. is supposed to be con-
nected with the carriage of another mule of a similar construction by means of
cast-iron bars, as shewn at d, d, in the Figs. 21 and 22, by which arrangement
one line of wheels may be placed in the middle of each of the said carriages
between the drumsat convenient distances asunder, instead of having oneline
of wheels behind and one before for the carriage to run upon, as is usually the
practice in mules.
In order that the nature of my improvements may be clearly understood, I
will describe in a brief manner those operations of the common mule to which
my improvement particularly relates.
In common mules the carriage which contains the spindles is moved by being
affixed to an endless strap, which said strap passes over and receives its motion
by a pulley which is connected by a whceland pinion with the axis of the front
fluted roller, by which connection, as soon as the front rollers begin to revolve
and deliver the yarn or roving, the carriage begins to run out,and continues its
motion to the extent of the stretch (as it is termed), at which instant the
carriage comes in contact with a detent or lever, and causes the wheel upon
the axis of the strap pulley,abovementioned, to disengage itself fromthepinion
on the axis of the front roller, and become engaged with another pinion,
which is revolving with a slow motion. By this same action the revolving
motion of the fluted rollers is suspended, by their becoming disengaged from
the machinery which put them in motion, the carriage still continuing, by
the operation of the slow moving pinion, above mentioned, to move or run
out slowly for effecting what is called the after draught (in consequence of
its being given after the motion of the rollers has ceased). The carriage in
common mules is caused in moving to preserve its parallel direction by the

page_text: aid of two cords or bands (which by cotton spinners are denominated squaring
bands); these bands are crossed beneath the carriage, and after passing over
pulleys which are situated at each end thereof, their extremities are securely
fastened to the two end frames of the mule. In those mules where a double
speed, as it is termed, is made use of, the said alteration of speed is effected
by moving or shifting the strap (which gives motion to the mule) from the
circumference of one pulley which is moving slowly to the circumference of
another pulley which revolves with a double speed, or as much quicker as the
increase required for effecting what is called the double speed; thus,in common
mules, as they are at present used, the double or increased speed is brought on
suddenly, which is a considerable disadvantage, by consuming much power,
and straining the machinery in an unnecessary degrec.
By my improvement Idispense with the aforesaid endless straps for running
out the carriage,and alsowith thesquaringbands and pulleys, which are usually
employed in common mules for causing the carriage to move in a parallel
direction, and which are found liable to occasion considerable irregularities in
the yarn, particularly for those numbers in the spinning of which afterdraught
is practised. I make use of two spiral fusees or snails, which are fixed upon one
axis, the said fusees being described or formed with such curves upon their
circumference as may effect, first, the running out of the carriage, with the
allowance for the varying angle which the yarn forms between the points ofthe
spindles and the rollers, according as the carriage during its run is nearer or
further from the rollers; secondly, the afterdraught; and, thirdly, the slight
retreating motionof the carriage, to allow for the shortening of the yarn, which
is occasioned during the final twisting of the same. The said fuseesareca used
in revolving to act upon a system of levers which cross each other, being
connected together by joints in their middlės and extremities (in the manner
of those apparatus which are known under the denomination of lazy tongs).
One extremity of this system of levers is operated upon by the curves formed
on the said fusees, and the other extremity of it is jointed to the carriage,so
that when the extreme ends of the levers where the fusees act areseparatedor
caused to recede from each other, the further extremity of the lazy tongs,
will extend or reach out, and will carry or run the carriage out also, thereby
effecting by one revolution of the fusees aforesaid the running out of the
carriage from its place nearest to the rollers tothe greatestextentof itsmotion
or stretch, the curves upon the fusees being so formed that the carriage wil
move with the same velocity or nearly so as the circumference of the rollers sc
long as the rollers continue to revolve,and then the inclination of its curve o
spiral is diminished in a proper manner to occasion the afterdraught; and

page_text: when this is effected, the curve alters its direction so as to allow the carriage to
retreat towards the rollers as much as the yarn requires to diminish in length,
by the final twist which is given to it. By the time that these operations have
been gone through, the fusees will have performed an entire revolution, and
arrived at the exact point from whence they started, and the extremities of the
arms or levers of the lazy tongs which were operated upon by the said fusees
will be at liberty to approach each other, and arrive at the middle or largest
circumference of the fusees, where the end of the levers will occupy the same
place they did at first starting.
In my said improvement the carriage is supposed to be run or be pushed in
by the hand of the spinner, the spindles being at the same time turned round,
so as to wind up the yarn in the form of a cop upon them by the aid of a
handle or wheel, situated near the middle in the length of the carriage, in the
usual manner (practised in box organ mules), and it is this pushing in of the
carriage which shuts or closes up the lazy tongs, and returns the extremities
of the levers into a position to be acted upon by the fusees at the second
stretch. On the same common axis as the fusees, before-mentioned, is fixed a
flat spiral or snail, which is adapted to operate upon the extremity of an arm
or lever, so as to move along upon the surface of a pair of cones the strap
which gives motion to the mule, for the purpose of effecting the variable
velocity (or double speed) of the carriage and spindles in a gradual manner,
instead of effecting it suddenly, as is usually practised.
The above description will be clearly understood by reference to the Figs. 21,
22, 28, and 24, Sheet VIII., whereon A represents the main vertical shaft,
which is supposed to receive its motion by being connected with the machinery
or geering of the mill. This shaft is intended to revolve at the same rate as
the spindle drums in the carriage, or about four hundred and eighty times per
minute. B represents a conical drum or inverted cone, which is fixed upon
the shaft A. This cone communicates motion to a similar but reversed cone
C, which is fixed upon the perpendicular shaft D, having the double grooved
pulleys E fixed upon it, for giving motion by means of a cord or band to the
spindle drums in the carriage; the shaft D has also a drum E' fixed upon it,
which communicates motion to the fluted drawing rollers by means of an
endless strap or belt G', as will be herein-after explained. F represents a
short perpendicular shaft, which turns in bearings affixed to the framing of the
mule. This shaft has a double grooved pulley F¹ fixed upon it, round which
pulley the aforesaid cord or band passes in its passage to the spindle drums,
and by this means the shaft F receives its motion. The fluted rollers for both
the mules are moved in the following manner:-G and G represent two

page_text: pulleys, which are fitted so as to turn freely upon a cylindrical part of the shaft
F; the uppermost or driving pulley G has a pinion H affixed to it, which
communicates motion to a wheel K, through the medium of the intermediate
or carrier wheel I; the wheel K has a bevelled pinion L fixed upon its axis,
the teeth of which pinion engage with the teeth of a bevelled wheel M fixed
upon the cross shaft or axis N, which said shaft has a pair of bevelled wheels
at each end thereof, for the purpose of giving motion to the fluted rollers of
the two mules, at the same time the carriages of which are connected together
by the bars d,d, as aforesaid. One of these pairs of bevelled wheels are shewn
in the Drawings at n. The motion for running out the carriage is effected as
follows: A pinion O is fixed upon the lower extremity of the shaft F, and
engages with the teeth of a wheel P, upon which axis a pinion Q is fixed,
which engages with the teeth of a wheel R. This wheel is fitted so as to turn
freely upon a fixed stud, and has a bevelled pinion R attached to it, which
engages with the teeth of a bevelled wheel S upon the end of a shaft T, seen
clearly in the plan, Fig. 21. The shaft T turns in bearings affixed to the
framing of the mules, and has a pinion & fixed upon it, which engages with the
teeth of a wheel v. This wheel is mounted upon an axis T', which also turns
in bearings affixed to the framing of the mule, and has the two fusees U, U,
fixed upon it. The fusees U, U, have a spiral rib or head projecting from their
surface, against which the small rollers 1, at the extremities of the levers 2 of
the lazy tongs, are adapted to act for running out the carriage, as will be
herein-after more particularly explained. Upon one extremity of the shaft T"
a flat snail or spiral plate V is fixed, the circumference of which snail is
adapted to act upon a small roller f, situated at one extremity of a bent
lever W, which said lever is fitted so as to turn freely upon a round part
of the shaft T, and the opposite extremity thereof is jointed to the lower
end of a connecting rod or link X, whilst the upper end of the said
connecting rod is jointed to a perpendicular sliding bar Y; this sliding bar
has a cross arm z, Fig. 21, fixed upon the top of it, having loops formed at
its extremities for the endless strap %, which connects the cones B and C, to
pass through. By this arrangement, when the small roller at the extremity
of the lever W is depressed by the revolving motion of the snail V, in the
direction shewn by the arrow V, in Fig. 22, it causes the bar Y to rise,
and move or shift the strap Z upon the cones B and C, so as thereby
to produce a variation of speed in the mule, such variation being deter-
mined by the shape of the snail Y. The carriage, which is marked with
a number 26 in the Fig. upon the Drawing, is supposed to be run quite
in, or as near as it is at liberty to approach, towards the front fluted rollers,

page_text: which are situated at n, Fig. 22, and as the bar, d, d, is connected firmly
with the carriage of another mule which is supposed to stand in the same
position as the one represented in the Drawing, the carriage of the second
mule will be run quite in also. In this state the mule is supposed to have been
started or put in motion so as to begin to run out the carriage, by the operation
of a stud or projection C, upon the bar d, d, having come into contact with a
piece of mechanism which has shifted the strap Z from off the loose pulleys
Z¹ on to the cones, as will be herein-after more particularly described. 27
represents one of the wheels upon which the connected or united carriages are
mounted; its situation is represented in the plan, Fig. 21, by the dotted lines
at 27. The situations of two of the spindle drums are represented by dotted
circles in the plan at 28, 28* ; and the circles 29 and 30 represent the situation
of two pulleys, which are mounted upon axes attached to the carriage, for the
band or cord of the spindledrums to passover in its passage to and from thesaid
drums. The carriage of the second mule is supposed to be provided with two
similar pulleys for the band to pass over, the relativesituations of which pulleys
are represented by dotted circles 29 and 30. I will explain the manner in
which the band for moving the spindle drums is disposed in order to give
motion to the spindle drums in both carriages at once. Suppose it to com-
mence, for instance, at the first or main pulley E, and to proceed in the
direction shewn by the urrows in the plan, Fig. 21, to the pulley F' upon
the shaft F; it performs a half turn round the first groove of this pulley,
then returns, and performs a half turn round the first groove in the main
pulley E, and proceeds in the direction of the dotted line over the pulley 29,
which is attached to the carriage; from the pulley 29 the cord continues to
the spindle drum 28°, round which it performs a half turn, and returns
to the drum 28, where it also performs a half turn, and proceeds forwards to
a fourth spindle drum, returns to the third, then advances to a sixth, and
so on, performing a half turn round each of the spindle drums which are
situated in the length of the carriage, until the last, which is supposed to be
situated at the further extremity of the carriage; from this last drum the cord
returns after passing over the pulley 30; it proceeds to the back of the main
pulley E,and makes a half turn round thesecond groove thereof; from whence
it proceeds to the second groove in the pulley F, and after performing a half
turn therein, the cord goes direct away to a pulley in the second carriage,
which pulley is supposed to correspond with the pulley 30; and after passing
in a nearly similar manner over the spindle drums in the second carriage,
it passes over a pulley corresponding with the pulley 29, and returns again to
the pulley E, where it is united into an endless band. By this arrangement of

page_text: the cord or band, the carriages may be run in or out without deranging the
uniform tension of the band which gives motion to the spindler; thus, when
the vertical shaft D with its pulley E is caused to revolve, it will at the same
time put the whole of the spindle drums in each carriage in motion. The
manner of arranging and combining the system of levers or lazy tongs (as I
have called the improved apparatus for running out the carriage) will be
clearly understood by reference to the plan, Fig. 21. The first pair of levers,
marked 2,2, one only of which is exhibited entire in Fig. 21, have small
rollers 1, 1, at one of their extremities, which rollers are operated upon as
aforesaid by the projecting curves of the fusees U, U; the levers 2, 2, are
adapted to turn upon fulcrums or pivots attached to the stationary framing of
the mule 3, 3, and their outer extremities, marked 4, are jointed to the
extremities of other levers, marked 5, which cross each other, and are united
by a joint 6 in the middle of their length. The other extremities of the
cross levers 5 are jointed,as shewn at 7, to links 8, the other extremities of
which links are jointed to the carriagesat 9. By this arrangement of levers, it
will appear evident that when the extremities 1, 1, of the levers 2, 2, are
caused by the operation of the spiral projections upon the fusees U, U,to recede
from each other, they will be caused to turn upon their stationary centres 3,3,
and will occasion the levers 5 and links 8 to extend themselves, or reach out
and through their connection with the carriage by the joint 9; the requisite
motion of the said carriage will be performed and governed I the inclination
of the projecting ribs.upon the fusees U, U. The carriage is caused to
move in a parallel direction by being provided with a similar system of
levers or lazy tongs at its other extremity; but this second system of levers
si not necessary to be provided with fusces or spirals, but its levers only
require to be linked or united by parallel connecting rods, such as repre-
sented by dotted lines at 10, 10, in Fig. 21, with the joints of those levers
which are actually moved by the fusees, as aforesaid; thus, by obliging the
two systems of levers to act simultaneously, the carriage to which they are
both jointed must necessarily move in a parallel direction. The operation
of the fusees U, U, will appear evident from inspection of the Fig. 25 upon
the Drawing, which exhibits a Diagram, shewing the form of the fusees, and
the different positions of the lever or lazy tongs. We will suppose, for instance,
that the whole stretch or run of the carriage be divided into ten parts, as shewn
by the red lines and numbers in the Fig. 23, and the spiral line or projection
upon the fusees U, U, to be shaped as represented in the same Figure; the
portion from No. I. to No. II. being devoted to the regular stretch or run of
the carriage during the period that the fluted rollers are in motion; that portion

page_text: from No. II. to No. III. being for the afterdraft or run of the carriage,
after the fluted rollers have been stopped, and the portion from No. IIL to
No. IV. being adapted to allow for the slight return of the carriage, to com-
pensate for the shortening or contracting of the yarn for the final twisting of
the same. Thus, when the ends (marked 1, 1, Fig. 21,) of the levers, which
are operated upon by the fusees U, U, have been moved by the projection upon
the said fusees from 0 to 1, the extremity of the lazy tongs will have moved the
carriage from 011 to 111; and when the ends of the levers have moved from 1 to
2, the carriage will have moved from 11 to 211, and so on, till by the time that
the carriage has arrived at 911, the ends of the levers which are operated upon
by the fusees will have arrived at No. II., at which point the afterdraught
begins to take place, and the levers are moved very slowly, carrying the
carriage from 911 to 10", notwithstanding the fusees continue to turn with
the same velocity until the ends of the levers arrive at No. III. upon the
fusees. The fusees and snail V still continue their motion until they have
performed an entire revolution, and themule is stopped by the endless strap Z
having being shifted by its mechanism on to the loose pulley Z¹, in which
situation the ends 1, 1, of the levers or lazy tongs will have arrived at the part
No. IV., where the spiral projection upon the fusees terminate, so that the
ends of the said levers will be left quite at liberty to approach eath other
when the spinner puts up or runs in the carriage (without any escapement of
wheels or catches being required as in ordinary mules), and by the time that
the spinner has run the carriage quite in, as shewn in the Figs. 21 and 22
upon the Drawing, the levers belonging both to the fusees U, U, and snail V
will be found in the same situation as when they first started; and a stud or
projection, marked c upon the connecting bard, d, of the carriage, will by the
running in of the carriage have operated upon a small detent or click b, so as
to have moved the lever W in a sufficient degree to have shifted the strap Zon
to the cone, and thereby have put the mule in motion again.
The apparatus for raising the lever Wand shifting the strap is constructed
in the following manner:-a, Fig. 22, represents a small shaft or axis, which
turns in supports affixed to the framing of the mule. This shaft is situated
directly under the shaft T, so as to be visible by dotted lines only. In the
plan, Fig. 21, it has a small arm b projecting out from its under side, against
which the stud e on the bar d, d, comes into contact, when the carriage is run
quite in. The extreme end of the shaft a has another small arm or wiper,
seen at e, Figs. 21 and 22, projecting out from it, which said arm is situated
immediately under the lever W, and is caused when the shaft a is turned by
the stud c to operate against a projecting part w of the said lever, so as to

page_text: raise the connecting rod X and bar Y up in a sufficient degree to shift the
strap Z from off the loose pulleys Z' on to the cones, and thus put the shaft D
and mule in motion. This same rising of the bar Y puts the fluted rollers
in motion by shifting the endless strap G' from off the loose pulley G* on to
the driving pulley G, at the same instant that the strap Z is moved on to the
cones.
The mechanism for shifting the strap G' will be better understood by
reference to the detached Figure 24 upon the Drawing, which represents two
views of part of the sliding bar Y and connecting rod X with their appendages
upon a larger scale, the same letters of reference being annexed to them as
will be found upon the Figs. 21 and 22. The bar Y has a narrow plate of
metal or ruler projecting out from it, as seen at i,i, in Fig. 24, and the upper-
most part of this ruler is formed to inclined planes and m in two directions,for
the purpose of operating upon a small click or detent k,which has a small side
projection or piu, as seen by dotted lines at (k), proceeding from it. This
detent has also liberty of moving sideways upona joint, by which it is attached
to the axis s of an arm g, having a loop h formed at its extremity for the
strap G' to pass through. By this mechanism, as soon as the carriage is run
in sufficiently to turn the shaft a, and raise the bar Y for shifting the strap Z
upon the cones B and C, the inclined plane m upon the upper part of the
ruler i, i, operating upon the pin of the click k, raises the end h of the lever 9,
and shifts the strap G' upon the driving pulley G, which by means of the
bevelled pinion L (before mentioned) puts the fluted rollers in motion at the
same instant that the carriage begins to run out. By the time that the car-
riage is gone out to the extent where the afterdraught is to commence, the
lower end of the ruler i, i, will just have risen even with the upper part of the
side pin of the click (which said pin during the run of the carriage and rise
of the bar Y, by sliding against the inside of the ruler i, i, served to prevent
the click k and lever g from dropping down); but when the lower end of the
ruler has risen above the said pin, the click & and lever g being no longer
supported, the extremity h will fall down by its own weight, by turning upon
its axis s, and will shift the strap G' from off the driving pulley G to the loose
pulley G, so as to stop the motion of the fluted rollers; and when the after-
draught has been effected, and the snail V has completed its revolution, so
that the roller fat the extremity of the lever W is at liberty to rise up and
assume its original position, viz., at the smallest radius or notch of the snail
V, the weight of the connecting rod X and bar Y, with its attached ruler
i, i, being no longer supported, will fall down and shift the strap Z from off
the cones to the loose pulley 2', and will stop the action of the mule.

page_text: ate
Note. When the carriage is run out to the full extent, a second stud, which
projects from the connecting bar d, d, as seen atp, in the Fig. 21, comes into
contact with a short arm o projecting from the shaft a, and by turning the said
shaft slightly round (in the reverse direction to what it was moved by the stud
c, before mentioned), the curve or wiper e is withdrawn from beneath thearm
w of the lever W, thereby leaving the end of the said lever and bar Y at
liberty to drop down, as above mentioned. During the descent of the bar Y,
the ruler i,, will slide by the projecting pin of the detent k, but on the
opposite side of the said pin to what it was sliding when the bar Y was in the
act of rising, and as soon as the projecting inclined plane of the ruler i, i,
comes in contact with the end of the projecting pin of the detent k, it will force
the detent to turn sideways upon its joint (before mentioned) sufficiently to
pass over the inclined plane; but as soon as the inclined plane has descended
low enough, the detent & will be caused, by the action of a small spring, seen
which is situated in front of it, to return and rest with its projecting pin
upon the surface of the inclined plane m, in a proper situation to be operated
upon by the rise of the bar Y and ruler i, i, at the next stretch. The opera-
tion of this mule will be as follows:-Suppose the carriage to be run quite in,
as shewn by the Figs. 21 and 22 upon the Drawing, the stud c upon the
connecting bar d, d, will have raised the lever Wand bar Y sufficiently to
have shifted the endless strap Z from off the loose pulley Z to the base of the
cone C, which will put the mule in motion. The fusees U, U, and snail V,
which are upon one common axis, as before mentioned, now begin to turn in
the direction shewn by the arrow in Fig. 22, by which action the carriage
begins to run out at the same time that the small roller at the extremity of
the lever W will be depressed by the circumference of the snail V, and will
cause the strap Z to rise upon the cones B and O, and thereby increase the
speed of the mule until the roller ƒ has arrived at a part where the snail V is
circular or concentric withits axis; the strap Z will then remain in the same
situation upon the cones until the carriage arrives at the point marked 911 in
Fig. 23, at which time another inclined plane upon the snail V comes to act
upon the rollers, so as to produce the doublespeed, which continues until the
fusees and snail have performed an entire revolution; and the mule is stopped,
as before mentioned, by the roller fat the end of the lover W rising up into
its original position or towards the axis T of the snail, and thereby lowering
the bar Y and shifting the strap Z on to the loose pulley Z. During the
action of the snail V in shifting the strap upon the cones, the carriage is in
the act of being run out by the operation of the fusees U, U, and lazy tongs,
as herein before desmihed

page_text: I have now described, with reference to the Figures upon the eight Sheets
of Drawings, which are hereunto annexed, my said Invention of improve-
ments in the machinery for cleaning, carding, roving, drawing, and spinning
cotton and wool, and I have explained sufficiently the manner in which mysaid
improvements are to be applied in conjunction with such machinery as is at
present known and in use, so as thereby to enable persons conversant with
machinery of a similar description to carry my said improvements into effect;
and whereas I have been obliged, in order that my said improvements might
be clearly understood, to introduce into this my Specification many parts and
apparatus which areat present known and in use in spinning machinery, I do
hereby declare that I confine my claim solely to such parts or apparatus as arc
enumerated or pointed out below by numbers or letters of reference as follows,
(that is to say):-
My improvements in the machinery for cleaning cotton and wool, as
described with reference to the Figures upon the Sheets I., II., and III. ofthe
Annexed Drawings, are as follows:-First, the construction of the drum or
beater, adapted for blowing machines or scutchers, for cleaning cotton or wool,
which is particularly described by the Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, upon Sheet IT.
of Drawings, and which improvements consist of the bars or notched rulers
marked d, the vanes or plates g, the plates e, and their beads f, and the
conical funnels which close the end of the drum or beater marked c.
Secondly, I claim, as applied to blowing machines or scutchers, the conical
spouts or conductors marked Z,and the delivering rollers marked Q, upon the
inclined axis in conjunction with the endless straps or belts marked P and P¹,
which are exhibited in the Figures (1 and 2, 3 and 9,) upon Sheets I. and
III. of Drawings, for the purpose of conveying the bands or laps of cotton
or wool away from the blowing machines or scutchers, by which said improve
ment several separate bands or laps may be conveyed away from the said
machines and united again, being wound or lapped upon a roller or cylinder,
so as to compose or produce a band or lap of any required width adapted
for the carding machines or drawing frames.
Thirdly, my improvements in the double-acting or continuous lapping
machine, described with reference to the Figures 8 and 9 upon Sheet III. of
Drawings, consist of the moveable trough or conductor A with its appendages,
of delivering rollers B, stirrup f, axis c, arms band d, piece e, and the machi-
nery or wheelwork for giving motion to it, consisting of the wheels and axis
marked with the numbers 13, 14, 16, 18, and 19, together with the universal
joints numbered 15 and 17.
I also claim as my Invention the double-acting or continuous lapping

page_text: machine, which has been herein-before described as operating by means of a
stationary conductorand moveable lapping machine. This construction differs.
from the lapping machine, described with reference to the Sheet III., by the
machine itself being adapted to move end ways in grooves or slides, so as to
bring the lapping rollers E or Fat pleasure opposite to the end of a stationary
conductor, and without disengaging the machinery or driving shaft which puts
the lapping machine in motion, by which means a continuous action may be
kept up, so as not to suspend or interrupt the operation of the machine to
which the lapping machine may be applied.
My said improvements in machinery for carding cotton or wool, as described
with reference to the Figs. 10 and 11, 12, and 18, and Fig. Z, upon the
Sheets IV. and V. of Drawings, which are hereunto annexed, are as follows:-
According to my improvements, the top cards being separate or independent
of each other, are caused to be taken up in succession in a foul state at that
part which is nearest to the feeding rollers of the carding machines, and after
being cleaned they are laid down or deposited at that part which is nearest to
the doffer of the said machines, instead of being taken up and laid down
again in the same place or situation upon the machine, as is usually practised
in the system of 'cleaning the top cards or carding machines, which is at
present known and in use. I have.explained one way of effecting this object
by reference to the Figs. 10 and 11 upon the Sheet IV. of Drawings, and
those parts in the said Figs. which I claim as.my Invention are as follows,
viz³, the moveable or revolving kirbs or wheels marked A, with their internal
ratchet U, the sector R, and click or pall T. Now, wherens machinery for
cleaning the top cards of carding machines has been heretofore used wherein
radialarms, inclined planes, and stationary collars were employed for purposes
connected with the operation of cleaning the top cards, I do hereby declare
that I make no claim to such radial arms, inclined planes, or stationary collars
as have been herein-before described, neither separately nor connected with
my improvement aforesaid, neither do I make claim to the cleaning cylinder
marked Y in the Figures; but I claim the clearing cylinder marked Z as
furnished with vanes or plates upon its circumference, so as in revolving to
create a current of air for facilitating the clearing of the cleaning cylinder Y,
Fig. 10,in the manner berein-before described with reference to the Figure 10
and Figure Z, Sheet IV.
.. My second improvement in machinery for carding, which is applied to the
carding of cotton or wool, consists in a new disposition or arrangement of
certain shafts or axes, and wheelwork for communicating motion to a number

page_text: of carding machines, which carding machines are supposed to act in concert
and form a system as aforesaid, for the purpose of delivering their produce of
bands or rovings upon an endless cloth or belt, in such manner as to compose
a band or lap of any required width, adapted for the second or finishing
carding machines. The said new arrangement of the shafts or axes and
wheelwork is clearly exhibited by the Figures 12 and 13 upon the Sheet V.
of Drawings. In my said improvement the motion is communicated to two
rows or lines of carding machines by means of the long shafts or axes marked
B and C, which are situated near to the floor of the mill, and are connected by
a cross shaft D and bevelled wheels b, c, d, d; the said shafts receive their
motion and transmit or communicate it to the carding machines by means of
contact or friction wheels, as marked E, F, 7, and i, instead of endless straps,
as is usually the practice.
I also claim as new the introduction of the shaft or axis numbered 5 in
Figure 12, Sheet V., for giving motion to the cleaning machinery, for effecting
the cleaning of the top cards of a number of carding machines, as aforesaid; at
the same time I wish it to be observed that I do not claim the Invention of
connecting and moving a number of carding machines together, but only for
connecting them and giving motion to them in the particular manner above
alluded to, with reference to Figs. 12 and 13 upon Sheet V. of Drawings.
My improvements in machinery for drawing cotton and wool, is described
with reference to the Figs. 14 and 15 upon the Sheet VI. of Drawings,
consist in the employment of a double-acting or continuous lapping machine,
constructed as herein-before described with reference to Sheet III., and
applied to a drawing frame, composed of several connected drawing heads, in
such a manner as to wind upon a roller or cylinder the lap of cotton or wool
proceeding from such drawing heads, so as thereby to enable the drawing
frame to work on regularly without interruption, and yet allow time for
removing the rollers when filled with the lap of cotton or wool and substitute
empty ones in their place.
My improvements in machinery for preparing rovings of cotton and wool are
described with reference to the Figs. 16 and 17 upon the Sheet VI.of Drawings.
They consist of an apparatus for delivering or conveying away the produce of
rovings of cotton or wool from certain machines, which I call first stretchers,and
which said machines are intended to be used in the process of cotton manu-
facture in the place of the first bobbin and fly or can frame, and those parts of
the said apparatus which I consider to be new as applied to the aforesaid
machines are as follows, viz:-The piece or plankmarked q, the cloth marked

page_text: P,the rollers T,V,and W, which are moved by wheelwork, marked in Figs. 16
and 17 r, s, t, v, and w, also the rollers G and H, with their appendages of
wheelwork and machinery, marked in Figs. 16 and 17, Sheet VI., with the
numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Another of my improvements relates to the feeding or supplying with
rovings of cotton or wool such machines or second stretchers as are intended
to be used instead of the second or finishing bobbin and fly frames. This
improvement is described with reference to the Figs. 18, 19, and 20, upon
Sheet VILof Drawings; it consists in feeding or supplying the said machines
with rovings which had been previously wound or lapped up in a cloth upon
the circumference of a roller or cylinder. And those parts which I claim as
new as applied to such machines are as follows, viz:-The roller T and
cloths A and A', the cylinders C and D, the roller E and rail a, and the
inclined feeding rollers B,with their appendages of wheelwork and apparatus,
marked h, i, k, r, l, m, n, o, p, and q in the Figs. 18, 19, and 20, upon the
Sheet VII.
I also claim,as applied to the last-mentioned machine, the inclined delivering
rollers Q, the cloth marked P, in which said cloth the rovings of cotton and
wool are intended to be wound or lapped up on a roller or cylinder F,as afore-
said,in order to be conveyed away to a mule, throstle,orother spinning machine.
This last operation of winding or lapping up of the rovings in the cloth P is
effected by means of the roller F, the rollers W,G, and H, and the rollers V,
and stationary table L, with the clamping apparatus marked X, x, Z, y, and
wheelwork marked with the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, which said parts I also
consider to be new as regards machines which I have called stretchers.
The first of my said improvements in machinery for spinning cotton and
wool consists, first, in feeding or supplying mules, throstles, or other spinning
machines with rovings of cotton or wool delivered from a cloth which had been
previously wound or lapped along with the said rovings upon the circum-
ference of a roller or cylinder, in the manner above described with reference
to the stretchers.
I effect my said improvement by connecting with a mule, throstle, or other
suitable spinning machinea machine furnished with inclined feeding rollers B
and cloth A with their appendages or apparatus, similar to what I have above
mentioned with reference to Figs. 18, 19, and 20, Sheet VII., and which are
therein described as applied to the feeding of the stretchers, and which said
appendages or apparatus are adapted to unwind or unlap a cloth containing
rovings for the purpose of feeding or supplying them to mules, throstles, or

page_text: other spinning machines, instead of supplying or feeding them with rovings
from separate bobbins in the ordinary manner.
My said improvement in the manner of feeding or supplying mules, throstles,
or other spinning machines is applicable to twisted rovings which had been
prepared in the ordinary manner, as wellas to plain or untwisted rovings, such
as I have already alluded to.
My second improvement in machinery for spinning cotton and wool is
described with reference to the Figures 21, 22, 23, and 24, upon the Sheet
VIII.of Drawings, which is hereunto annexed, and those parts which I con-
sider to be new as applied to mules for the purpose of producing the requisite
movements for the running out of the carriage, and for producing the increased
velocity of the mule, usually called the double speed,are as follows, viz:-The
combination of levers or lazy tongs, marked in the Figure 21 with the numbers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, together with the axis or shaft T', and spirals of
fusees U, U, which act upon the said levers for the purpose of running out
the carriage.
I claim also the spiral or snail marked V, with its lever W and roller f, for
moving the strap upon the cones, so as to produce the variable speed which is
required to be communicated to the rollers, spindles, and carriage for twisting
the thread or yarn in a proper manner. At the same time I wish it to be
observed that I do not claim the exclusive use of cones and spirals or snails in
mules generally, but only that particular manner of applying the said cones
and spirals or snails which is exhibited in Figures 21, 22, and 23, upon the
Sheet VIII. of Drawings, and as herein-before described, in conjunction
with other apparatus, for the purpose of running out the carriage, and for
producing the accelerated or double speed, as aforesaid.
In witness whereof, I, the said John George Bodmer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
JOHN GEORGE (°) BODMER

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMERED, that on the same Twenty-sixth day of March,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John George Bodmer came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Second day of April, in the year above written.