Improvements in the Mode and Means for Joining Tubing to Sockets or to other Lengths of Tubing, which is specially applicable to the Junctions of Cycle and Motor Frames.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 4th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 20th Mar.. 1897
Improvements in the Mode and Means for Joining Tubing to Sockets
or to other Lengths of Tubing, which is specially applicable to
the Junctions of Cycle and Motor Frames.
We, FREDERICK BILLING of Livery Street, Birmingham, Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM EDWARD PARTRIDGE of 74 Grange Road, Sinall Heath, Birmingham,
Traveller, both in the County of Warwick do hereby declare the nature of our
said invention to be as follows:-
Our invention has for its object improvements in the mode and means for joining
tubing to sockets or to other lengths of tubing which is specially applicable to the
junctions of cycle and motor frames and which avoids the necessity of braizing or
soldering the joints. By this means we also avoid a good deal of trimming and
filing up and joints so made are stronger as the soldering very often leaves the
tube brittle at or near the junction and many accidents have occured through this
cause.
We make onr junctions in the following manner.
The socket is bored or made so that the tuhe enters it as a fairly good fit.
Then inside the tube we place one or more rings or ferrules having one or more
circular external grooves on the face. The end of the tube may have such grooves
partially made before the rings or ferrules are passed in, when this is done and
the tube is home the right distance in the socket a powerful gripping tool or
spanner is applied covering a revolving roller in jaws such for instance as is used
for cutting off gas and other piping. This tool is applied to the external part of
the socket and one, two, or more circular depressions are made to correspond with
the depressions in the rings or ferrules which forces the metal inwards and locks
and seals all the parts together without either solder or braizing. In the same
manner two pieces of tube or piping may be telescoped together and the tool
applied to make such ring depressions to lock and seal them either with or without
an internal ring or rings or ferrule. Two tubes of the same size may be so united
with either an external or internal ferrule or with both. By another but similar
mode we may form two, three or more projections in a socket and depressions in
the tube and slit the socket in two, three, or more places longitudinally and after
passing the tube into position we may drive over the socket a finishing ring or
tube to compress it into the recesses in the tube. This ring may be screwed or
not and in any of the cases a cross pin or pins may be used or indentations to
prevent circular movement. The ends of the tube may be flanged internally to
strengthen the end if found necessary or slightly externally.
1000

page_text: Improvements in the Mode and Means for Joining Tubing to Sockets
or to other Lengths of Tubing, which is specially applicable to
the Junctions of Cycle or Motor Frames.
We, FREDERICK BILLING of Livery Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM EDWARD PARTRIDGE of 74 Grange Road,
Small Heath, Birmingham, aforesaid, Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of
our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention has for its object improvements in the mode and means for joining
tubing to sockets or to other lengths of tubing which is specially applicable to
the junctions of cycle or motor car frames and to most classes of wrought iron
pipe joints and, which avoids the necessity for brazing or soldering the joints.
By this means we also avoid a good deal of trimming and filing up and joints
so made are stronger as the soldering very often leaves the tube brittle at or
near the junction and many accidents have occurred through this cause.
In order that our invention may be clearly understood and more easily carried
into practical effect we have appended hereunto drawings upon which we have
illustrated sufficient examples say applied to a cycle frame to enable the invention
to be applied to the various circumstances and conditions met with in practice.
Figure 1 shows the main bracket of a bicycle B with the tubes T, T and T
which form members of the frame shown attached to the same according to our
invention.
Figure 2 shows what we term our anvil or stiffening liner which forms a very
important portion of our invention.
Figure 3 shows a tube T attached to the socket S of the head H according to a
modification of our invention.
Figure 4 shows another modification of our mode of attachment.
Figure 5 is a general elevation of a bicycle frame with the whole of the tubes or
members attached according to our invention.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 are modifications of the foregoing.
Our invention consists in forming joints in such a manner that very light tubing
or hollow members can be securely joined into the junction sockets so that no
brazing is required and yet the two are locked firmly together, and this is
accomplished without injury to the tube or member. By this means the necessity
for filing and cleaning off the joints is in a very great measure avoided and a
large amount of the cost and trouble and plant in building frames is avoided
besides the mode being accomplished more expeditiously..
The main bracket B Figure 1 on the drawings has three tubes T, T', and T brought
into position in the sockets b', 62, 63. In making the joints, we prepare first what we
term an anvil or strengthening liner A which has one, two, three or more hollows or
depressions a, a, a³. The anvil or strengthening liner is shown at Figure 1 partly
in section and partly in elevation, and from the section it will be seen that the
parts a', a', a under the depressions are a little thicker than the body and ends of the
liner as we prefer the ends to taper off and to be slightly rounded at the ends especially
externally and at the outer or farthest end from the socket. This anvil or liner is put
into the end of the tubes T, T', and T either flush as seen in T, or short of the end as
seen at T, and the tube may be indented into the depressions a¹, etc., first, which, we
bave found convenient, but otherwise they may be simply put in tightly or fairly so.
Whether the depressions are made or partly made first or not in the tube, the tube T
and liner A are put together into the socket as seen at Figure 1. Outward pressure

page_text: is then applied to the socket over the depressions until both the socket and tube are
forced together as seen in section at T' Figure 1, when the tube is securely locked
between the anvil liner A and the socket. We have before remarked that the anvil
or liner A is of the greatest importance to our invention because a light tabe without
the anvil or liner A would be bashed inwards if an attempt were made to form
depressions without the liner and the joint would therefore not be substantial or lastinir.
but when the anvil or liner A is used the tube is supported both externally and
internally and the liner may he any desired thickness or section but we prefer it to be
made from hard or tough metal to resist the compression of the external pressure upon
the socket in forcing the tube into the depressions in the liner A. This operation may
in some cases actually stave up or thicken the thin tube exactly at the portion where
it requires extra thickness and also by this action of compression hetween the socket
and the anvil liner the metal of the tube perfectly fills up the space and seals the joint
in a remarkable manner. We prefer the liner to extend into the tube beyond the
socket a little as seen at a' but it may be shorter than the tube or not at the inner end.
It will also be understood that a very similar effect will be produced if only separate
rings are used as seen at Fig. 6 as they would practically serve the purpose in some
cases but, we prefer the long liner and long sockets. The depressions a¹ etc. in A may
be made one at each end only or any number of them to an accurate pitch and the tool
for making the depressions in the socket may be either a press to do them all at once
or separately or a jaw with rollers may be used such as for cutting pipes as we do not
confine ourselves to the mode of making the depressions. For cheapness however we
find that common cast iron is suitable for the anvil liners A though steel may be used
or malleable cast iron or ordinary wrought iron though we prefer cast iron because
it resists compression effectively and is cheap. The indentations in the socket may
sometimes not extend continuously but may be as seen at Figures 3, 7, and 8. In
Figure 3 the indentations do not come opposite the indentations. The same
remark applies to Figure 4 except that the sand s indentations continue round each
about one third or more of the circle. Figure 5 is a diagram view of a bicycle frame
put together according to our invention in all its junctions except that the fork end
pieces being solid the tube whether D shape or round fits over the fork end piece F
which may have depressions in it and take the place of our anvil liner A if there
be no great strain. Otherwise we use an external ferrule picce to strengthen the
tube according to our invention. It will be seen that the solid fork end takes the
place of an anvil tube. It is needless to remark that the handle bar and front
forks F may be treated in like manner as explained for the other portions. It
will also be evident that two lengths of light tubing and also most classes of
wrought iron pipe joints may be joined together on the same principle as seen at
Figure 9 where the outside socket or ferrule S is used in conjunction with the
anvil liner A. Should there be any liability for the tube to turn when the
depressions are continuous it is only necessary to make a few indentations with a
tool or centre punch in the depressions. The depressions may therefore be made
in almost any direction so long as the anvil liner agrees but we prefer the ring
depressions as shown at Figure 2 and in the frame Figure 5.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. The improvements in the mode and means for joining tubing to sockets
or to other lengths of tubing by means of an internal anvil liner or strengthening
piece applied substantially as herein set forth and shown upon the accompanying
drawings.
Second. Joining light tubing to sockets by means or an internal liner or ring
having depressions and fitting inside the end of the tube, the two being then inserted
in a socket and the socket compressed upon the tube into the said depressions in the
internal anvil or ferrule as herein set forth and shown.
Third. Joining light tubing to sockets by means of an internal anvil or liner, or

page_text: rings having depressions and fitting inside the end of the tube, the two being inserted
in a socket, and the socket indented so as to force parts of the socket and tube into
the depressions substantially as herein set forth and shown.
Fourth. Joining lengths of light tubing or wrought iron pipe joints together by
means of an internal anvil liner and external ferrule in the manner substantially as
set forth and shown.
Fifth. The modification of the invention herein firstly claimed wherein the end of
the piece to be joined on takes the place of the internal liner or anvil and an external
ferrule is used substantially as set forth.
GEORGE BARKER,
77 Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent.