Improvements in Steam Boilers.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 21st Dec., 1895
Improvements in Steam Boilers.
I, HARRY SCHAFFER PELL, of No. 125 North Union Street, Akron, Summit
County, Ohio, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
The object of my inventions is to improve the construction and operation of
water-tube boilers, of the type generally known as "Stirling boilers"; and the
inventions consist in the features and combinations hereinafter described and
claimed.
from-the-upper-drams-and-with-a-drip-pan-in-one-of-the-elerated-steam-drums
In the accompanying drawings, Figure-1-is-a-sectional-elevation-of-my-improved
boiler-(taken-on-line 1-1 of Fig. 2) when-constructed with-the-mad-drum-suspended
under-the-end-of-the-steam-pipe-for-separating water-from-steam; Fig. 2-n-sectional
elevation-of-the-same;-taken-on-line-22-of-Fig. 14-Fig. 3 a sectional elevation of
my improved boiler (taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 4) which is when constructed with a
rear elevated feed drum and two lower mud drums; Fig. 4 a vertical elevation,
partly in section, taken on line 44 of Fig. 3; Fig 5-a-transverse-section-of-my
improved-boiler-when-constructed with four banks of tubes-and-two-lower-mud
drums; Fig-6-a-modifiention of-the-form-of-boiler--chown in Fig--and Figs.
showing
and-Sa--side-eleration-and-a-vertical-sectional--elevation-respectively,
eirenlating-pipes-outside-the-brick-work.
In all the figures, A A A² are the front, middle and rear elevated steam and water
druins; B the lower mnd drum-or drums; C banks of tubes connecting the lower
mud drum-or drums to the elevated steam and water drums; E the fire chamber;
and F fire-brick partitions or shelves a jacent to or between the several banks of
tubes.
In constructing my improve boiler or boilers, I arrange the front, middle and rear
elevated drums and steam and water pipes connecting the same, the lower mud drum
er drums, the water tubes connecting the upper and lower drums, the fire chamber,
and fire-brick arch, partitions and shelves, in the general position and relation to
each other usual in a Stirling boiler.
In-the-form-of-boiler-show-in-Figs.-+-and-2,-one-part-of-my-invention-relates-to
supporting the lower-mad-drum-or-drums. Instead of supporting the mud drum by
masonry, I prefer to suspend it from the elevated steain and water drums, thus
supporting it and its contents by the water tubes which connect it with the steam
and water druins. Of course the elevated steam and water drums, being built into
the masonry or otherwise supported, are always held in fixed position; but the lower

page_text: mud drum, not being so built in but suspended as above,
left free to permit
of contraction and expansion of the parts without displacing or injuring any portion
of the boiler or its setting. In this way, and notwithstanding the great weight of
the lower mud drum and its contents, I am able to construct a boiler having upper
and lower drums and tubes connecting the same together, in which ample provision
is made for expansion and contraction of the parts.
It will-of-course-be-understood-that-one-mud-drum-or-more-than-one-mud-drum
may-be-used as desired. When-more-than-one-is-used,-they-may-be-all-supported
as-above-or-some-of-them-supported-in--this-way-and-others- otherwise. In-some
eases-also, it-may-be-found-advisable-not-to-have-the-mud drum-or-drums-connected
to-all-the-elevated-drums,-but-only to such-of-them-as-may-be-necessary-for-its-or
their support-and-the-1
e-proper working-of-t
-the-boiler.
Another part of my invention-in-this-form-of-boiler-provides-for-the-use-of-a-drip
pan-in-the-middle-upper-drum;-the-purpose-or-object-of-which-is as follows:-Owing
to-the-rapid-generation-of-steam-in the front--bank-of-tubes-and-front-apper-drum;
water-is-sometimes-thrown-over-through-the-steam-pipes-into-the-middle-drum; and
thenee-earried-out-with-the-steam:-In-order--to--eateh-the-water-thrown-over;-and
thus-prevent-its-mingling-with-the-steam:-I-place-u-suitable-drip-pan-in-the-middle
upper-drum-and-under-the-end-of-the-steam-pipe:--prefer-to-make-this drip-pan
therein-and-earried-to-one-or-both--ends-of-the--drum;-which-enables-it-ta-pass-inte
in-the-form-of-a-trough-and-somewhat-helical-in-shape, so-that-water-may-be-eaught
the-tubes-communicating-with-the-lower-mud-drum-or-drums.
In the-form-of my boiler shown in Figs. 3 and 4, I provide especially for intro-
ducing feed water into the rear upper drum. As-show-Tewo communicating mud
drums are placed in the lower part of the boiler, the rear one being connected with
the rear elevated drum by a bank of tubes, and the front one connected to the front
and middle elevated drums by two banks of tubes; but-it-is-not-in-all-enses-necessary
that-two-mnd-drums-be-used.
In operation feed water is introduced into the rear upper drum, preferably over a
cup-shaped disk, after which it passes down through the rear bank of tubes into the
rear inud drum, which is connected with the front mud drum, so that water com-
munication is always furnished through these two drums. The water communication
may be direct or circuitous, as desired; and in some cases the water may he possed
through a separate or additional drum while on its passage to the forward parts of
the boiler. While passing down through the rear bank of tubes, the water is hented
to such an extent that when it enters the rear mud drum a portion of its sediment
is deposited therein. The water then passing on through the front inud drum goes
upward through the front drum, thence across through the water circulating pipes
into the middle upper drum, thence down through the middle bank of tubes into
the front inud drum, and so on in circuit-thus maintaining a vigorous circulation of
water in this part of the boiler.
As will be seen this invention provides for introducing water into the upper feed
drum, and then passing it down through the rear bank of tubes, into the rear mud
drum, in such manner that it is partially heated by the escaping gases and products
of combustion. This causes the deposition of a large amount of sediment before the
water enters the front mud drum and goes into general circulation; and the passing
of this water forward into a second mud drutn, where it comes in contact with the
heated currents of water and is raised to a still higher temperature, causes nearly all
the remaining sediment to be deposited. In this way, substantially all the sediment
or scale matter is liberated and deposited before the water passes into the final
circulation in the forward parts of the boiler, and this of course prevents the forming
of scale therein.
The lower mud drum-or drums are provided with blow-off cocks, through which
mud or sediment may be expelled or removed from the boiler.
In-the-form-of-boiler-shown-in-Figs:-5-and-6, I-provide especially-for-introducing
feed-water-into-the-rear-lower-drum, although this-is-not-in--all-cases-necessary.
In construeting-the-form-of-boiler-shown-in-Fig-;-I-arrange-a--fire--brick--parti-

page_text: tion-between-the-rear-bank-of-tubes-and-the-bank-immediately-in-front-thereof, this
partition-extending up-from-the-front-lower-drum-to-a-point near the rear upper
drum,-but-terminating-a-sufficient-distance-below--to-afford-space--for--the--heated
gases and-products-of-combustion-to-be-drawn-up-and-over its--end-or-edge. This
enables-the-heated-gases-and-prodnets-of-combustion-to-come--in-contact with the
rear-bank-of tubes,-and-a-lower-outlet-enuses-them-to-pass-down-along-and-among
this-bank,-so-as-to-heat-the tubes-thereof-to-an-extent-sufficient-to-cause-the--preei-
pitation-of-more-or-less-sediment-or-seale-matter--into--the-rear-lower--drum, from
which-it-may-be-afterwards-blown-off-or-otherwise-removed;-as-desired.
In-operation-the-feed-water-enters-the-rear-lower-drum;-passes-up-the-rear-bank
of-tubes-into-the-rear-steam-and-water-drum; thence-down-through-the-next--bank
of-tubes-into-the-front-mad-dram-thenee-up--through-the-front-bank-of-tubes--inte
the-front-upper-drum;--thenee--neross--to-the--middle-upper--drum;--theneo-down,
through-the-bank-of-tubes-adjacent to the front-bank,-into-the-lower-mad drum; and
so-on-in-eirenit.-This-is-the-general-eeurse-of-the-eirealation --but there may also
be-n-local-circulation-in-some-of-the-tubes, especially-in-the-bank-connecting-the
middle-upper-drum-with-the-front-mud-drum:
In-the-form-of-boiler-shown-in--Fig. (-I--arrange--an-ordinary-briek wall;-with
projecting ledges-or-shelves-between-the-rear-bank-of--tubes-and-the--bank-imme-
dintel-in front-thereof;-this-wall-being-provided-with-holes-or-openings-at--n--point
near-the-rear-upper-drum-to-enable-the-heated-gases-and-products-of-combustion-to
gases-and-products-of-combustion-pass-down-and-among-the-rear-bank-of-tubes-to-
point-near-the-rear-mud-drum;-after-which-they-finally-esenpe-behind-the-fire brick
partition-to-the-up-take-or-chimney:-The-feed-water--enters-the--rear-lower-drum;
and-is-heated-in-its-passage-in-the--rear-bank-of-tubes--to-an-extent--sufficient-to
be-drawn-up-and-over-its-upper-end-or-edge. After-thus-passing-over, the--heated
enable-the-precipitation-of-sediment-or-seale--matter: From-the-rear-upper-drum
the-water-passes-forward-through-pipes-into-the-next-drum--in--front-thereof;-after
tabes-back-to-the-next-upper-dram;-thence-down-again--to-the--front-mad-drum,
and-so-on-in-eirenit,-there-being--also--local--circulations--in--some-of-the-banks-of
In-the-form-of-boiler-shown-in-Figs:-5-and-6,-1--regard-the-rear-lower--drum-and
which-it-passes-down-to-the-front-mad-drum, thenee-up-through-the--front-bank of
tubes, especially-the-one-adjacent-to-the-front-bank.
rear-bank--of--tubes-as-a--material--und-important-feature. By-causing the heavier
impurities-in-the-water-to-settle-before-reaching-the-elevated--drums; it assists in
preventing-the-formation-of-seale-therein-and-in-the-forward-banks-of-tubes;-and
by-utilizing-eseaping-gases-it--enables-me--to--economize-in--fuel,-and--generally-in
securing-economical-operation-of-the-boiler.
As-to--the--form--of-boiler shown--in-both-these-figures-(5-and-6)-it-will-be
understood that various-changes--may-be--made--to-suit--special-circumstances--or
conditions: For-instance,-it-is-not-necessary that-the--pipes-connecting-the-water
spnees-of-the-front--and-middle-upper-drums-extend-directly-across-from-one-drum
to-the-other-or-be-so-direct-as-to-prevent-the-water-from-passing-through-the-mud
dram-in-its-circulation-from-one-elevated drum-to-the other; the-fire-brick-partition
ef-one-figure-mn-be-dispensed-with-and-the--wall-of-the-other--figure-used-in-its
place;-or--vice versa+-the-feed-water-may-be-introduced--into--the--rear-upper-drum
instead of into the rear-lower-drum--the-rear-upper--drum-may-be-raised-so-as-to
In-the-form-of-boiler-shown-in-Figs. 7-and-S, I--provide--for-regulating-or-con-
trolling-the-water-levels-in-the-elevated-drums-by-pipes-or-tubes-plneed-outside-the
briel-ork.-One-of-these-pipes-extends-horizontally-from--the-front-to-the-rear-of
the--boiler,--being-connected-to--each---elevated-dram-by-nipples--or--otherwise.
Another-pipe-is-connected-to-the-horizontal-pipe-at-a-point-preferably-near-the-rear
be-on-a-level-with-the-other-elevated-drums;-and-so-on:
elevated-drum-and-extends-down-to-the-lower-mud dram-eonnecting--therewith-in
an convenient way. As shown, the-horizontal pipe-is-smaller-in-diameter-between
the-front-and-middle-elevated-drums-than-in-its-portion-back-of-the-middle-drum,
this-portion-being-of-substantially-the-same--diameter--as-the-vertien! pipe--but-the

page_text: relative-sizes-of-the-different-sections-or--portions-may-be--changed-or-varied-to-su
special-eireumstanees-or-conditions:-And--although-I-prefer-to-use--only-one-larg
The-eirenlating-pipes-being-plaeed-outside-the-brick-work;-so-as-not-to-be-direct!
horizontal-and-vertical-pipe;-more-than-one-may-be-used-as-desired.
exposed-to-the-heated-gases-of-the-furnnee;-enable the water-to-flow--freely-to-e
trom-the-several-elevated-drums-as-may-be-necessary-to-uniformity-of-water-level
therein. In-this-way,-the-water-levels-are-readily-controlled;-and-at-the-same-tim
relief-from-over-pressure-is-furnished-to-the-several-drums:
It-will-of-course-be--anderstood--that--as-to-all-my-improvements;--the-fenture
shown-in-any-one-figure-may--be--used-with--those-shown-in-any-other-figure--an
generally-that-changes--may--be--made-in-details--form-or-construction-and-part
emitted-or-equivalents-used;-as-eirenmstanees-may-suggest-or-render-expedient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I clai
is :
1. In a water-tube boiler, the combination of three elevated steam and water drums
communicating with each other, two a lower mud drum-er drums, and tubes com-
nunicating between the elevated steam and water drums and lower mud drum-or
drums and sustaining the weight of the mud drum-or drums and their contents,
whereby provision is made for expansion and contraction of the drums and tubes,
substantially as described. ae shewn in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
2. In-n-water-tube-boiler;-the-combination-of-elevated--steam-and--water--drums,
pipes-connecting-the-steam-and-water-drums,-a-drip--pan--in-one--of-the-elevated
steam-drums-under-the-end-of-the-steam-pipe-for--separating-water-from-steam, t
lower-mud-drum-or-drums;-and-tubes-communicating between the elevated--steam
and-water-drums-and-lower-mud-drum-or-drums, substantially-us-described.
3.-In-n-water-tube-boiler, the-combination-of-an-elevated-feed-drum:-a-lower-mud
drum-or-drums, tubes-connecting-the-elevated-feed-drum-with-the-lower-mud-drum
or-drums,-and--means--for-passing--water-forward-or-upward-from-the-lower-mud
drum-or-drums-into-general-eirenlation-in-the-boiler;-substantially-as-described.
4. In a-water-tube-boiler;-the-combination-of-un-elevated-feed-drum;-n-tower-mud
drum-or-drums,-tubes-connecting-the-elevated-feed-drum-with-the-lower-mad-drum
er-drums-elevated-steam-and-water-drums-having-steam-and-water communication
with-eneh-other;-and-tubes-conneeting-the-tower--mud--dram-or--drums--with-the
elevated-steam-and-water-drums, substantially-as-described.
25: In a water-tube boiler, the combination of elevated steam and water drums
having communication with each other, a rear lower mud drum, tubes connecting the
rear lower mud drum with the rear elevated drum, a front lower mud drum, tubes
connecting the front mud drum with some of the the two front elevated drums, and
means for feeding water into the rear part of the boiler, substantially as described.
and shewn in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
6.-In-a-water-tube-boiler,-the-combination-of-elevated-drums--having-steam--and
water-communication-with--each--other--a-lower-mud-drum-tubes-connecting-the
elevated-drums-with-the-lower-mud-drum;-n-lower-feed-drum;-tubes-connecting the
lower-feed-drum-with-one-of-the-elevated-drums,-and-means-for-supplying-water-to
the-lower-feed-drum, substantially-as-described.
7.--In-a-water-tube-boiler;--the combination of three elevated steam-und water
drums,-a-front-lower-mud-drum;-tubes-connecting-the-front-mud-drum-with-each-of
the-elevated-drums,-pipes-affording-steam-and-water--communiention--between--the
front--and--middle--drums-and-steam-communiention-between-the-rear-and-middle
drums;-a-rear-lower-feed-drum-tubes--connecting--the--feed--drum--with--the--rear
elevated--dram-and-means-for-supplying-water-to-the-feed-drum,-substantially-as
described:
8. In-a-water tube-boiler, the combination of a lower-feed-drum-communicating
with-a-souree-of-water-supply,-a-rear-elevated-drum, tubes-eennecting the feed drum

page_text: with-the-rear-elevated-drum;-a-middle-elevated-drum-pipes-connecting-the-rear-and
middle-elevated-drums-n-lower-mud-drum, tubes-connecting-the-middle--elevated
drum-with-the-mud-drum;-n-front elevated-drum-or-drams, tubes-cenneeting-the
mud-drum-with-the-front-elevated-drum-or-drums,-and-means-for-drawing-off steam
from-the-middle-and-front-elevated-drums, whereby-water-may-introduced-into-the
lower--feed--drum;--earried-up--to-the--rear--elevated--drum,-aeroes-to-the--middle
elevated-drum,-down-to-the-mud-drum;-und-up-to-the-front-elevated drum-or-drums;
substantially-as-described.
9-In-n-water-tube--boiler;--the--combination-of-three-elevated-steam-and-wator
drums-communienting-with-each-other, a lower-mud drum, tubes-conneeting-the-mud
dram-with-the-elevated-steam-und-water-drums,-n-lower-feed-drum,-an-elevated-feed
water-drum;-tubes-eonnecting-the-lower-feed-drum--with-the-elevated-feed--water
drum;-pipes-connecting-the-elevated-feed-water--drum--with-one-of-the-steam-and
water-drums-and-means-for-supplying-water-to-the-lower-feed-drum;-substantially
as-described.
10. In-n-water-tube-boiler;-the-combination-of-elevated-stenm-and-water-drums;-a
lower-mad-drum-banks of tubes-conneeting-the-elevated-drums-with-the-lower-mud
drum;-and-an-outside-eirenlating-pipe-communicating-with--the-elevated-drums and
lower-mad-drum;-substantially-as-described.
11. In-n-water-tabe-boiler;-the-combination-of-elevated-steam-and-water-drums-a
lower-mud-drum;-banks-of-tubes-connecting-the-elevated-drums-with-the-lower-mud
dram;-n--horizontal--pipe-outside-the-brick-work-communienting-with-the-elevated
ing-with-the-horizontal-pipe-and--the-lewer-mud-drum;-substantially-ns-described.
steam-and-water-drums, and----verticle--pipe-outside-the-brick-work communient.
HARKY SCHAFFER FELL,
Haseltine, Lake & Co.
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.
Agents for the Applicant.
HARKY SCHAFFER PELL,
Haseltine, Lake & Co.
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.
Agents for the Applicant.