Year: 1887

page_text: HENRY ANDREW KENT of 154 Culford Road Kingsland in the County of
Middlesex Mechanician do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a Lamp for burning Hydrocarbon or other
oil in a most efficient manner and so that a bright and steady light is obtained with
perfect or practically perfect combustion. The said lamp can be arranged so that it
has the general appearance of a gas Lamp with a convolvulus or outwardly spreading
saucer shaped flanie and with no large oil reservoir beneath the flame.
According to my Invention I provide a central chimney or tube for the escape of
the products of combustion and beneath it a deflecting disc leaving a passage between
itself and the base of the chimney or several such discs may be used with air spaces
between each. Beneath this disc or the lowermost of these discs is a burner wick
tube and small oil chamber passing through the centre of a hemispherical or equivalent
glass which forms a chamber in which the flame is situated. The top of this chamber
that is the space between the top of the glass and the base of the chimney is covered
by a plate. Surrounding the lower part of the chimney are two casings with openings
at bottom for the inlet of external air and surrounding the outer of these casings is an
oil reservoir there being a space between it and the said casing so that a current of
cool air passes therethrough and so keeps the oil cool. The wick tube and burner have
a central orifice extending from outside completely through their axis and this orifice
serves to admit air to one side of the flame and also to pass a lighted taper or other
Air to the other
appliance through for lighting the lamp without removing the glass.
side of the flaine is admitted by a space and nozzle opening beneath the glass and
surrounding the wick tube. Heated air may be supplied to the upper side of the
flame by an arrangement of regenerative tubes or passages opening to the space
between the Chimney and the next surrounding casing and passing through the chimney
and opening into a central tube or passage which has in it openings for discharging
the hot air beneath the disc or between the discs which deflect the flame as aforesaid-

page_text: Or instead of this arrangement air may be supplied over the rim of the glass, the oil
reservoir has an oil tube descending from it to the small chamber into which the wick
dips and an air tube rising in the oil reservoir to above the oil therein and opening
to the small oil chamber (into which the wick dips) at a level which the oil is to occupy
therein. This last named tube forms the only means of supplying air to the oil
reservoir so that when the oil rises to such a level in the small oil chamber into which
the wick dips that the opening of the air tube is covered with oil the oil ceases to flow
from the reservoir as no air is admitted to the reservoir. The said air and oil tubes
may be surrounded by casings or tubes so as to provide a space for air to pass through
to keep the tubes cool. The end of the oil tube which enters the small chamber
into which the wick dips may have a float or other arrangement which closes the end
of the said oil tube when the oil rises in the said chamber to the requisite height.
A convenient arrangement for this purpose consists of a cup which rises with the oil
and has mercury in it to ensure closure of the outlet end of the said tube.
The extinguishing arrangement may be operated by a push rod passing through the
small oil chamber in which the wick dips and the wick rising device may consist of
rings engaging with the wick and fixed to a rack with which engages a worm operated
by a rod also passing down through the said small oil chamber. By the arrangements
described the lamp can be lighted, the wick adjusted and the flame extinguished from
the lower end without interfering with any other part of the lamp.-The oil reservoir
may be arranged in any suitable position above the lamp for example a central oil
reservoir may be arranged to supply oil in the manner described to several small
chambers for the wicks for several lights on branches resembling a gaselier in
appearance.
D
11
5-11 1
AT
1
1024
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London,
Agents.

page_text: improvешение тон патро
I, HENRY ANDREW KENT of 154 Culford Road, Kingsland in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanician do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of my Invention is to provide a lamp for burning hydrocarbon or other
oil in a most effective manner and so that a bright and steady light is obtained with
perfect or practically perfect combustion. The said lamp can be arranged so that it
has the general appearance of a gas lamp with a convolvulus or outwardly spreading
saucer shaped flame and with no large oil reservoir beneath the flame to obstruct the
light and to cast shadows.
I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings-
Figure 1 of which represents in sectional elevation a single burner suspension lamp
constructed according to my invention. Figure 2 shows a plan of the wick raising
device. Figure 3 is a vertical section of the burner drawn to a
larger scale and
Figure 4 shows an arrangement for closing the lower end of the oil supply tube.
Referring to Figure 1A is the oil reservoir, B the burner and C the chimney for
the escape of the products of combustion. The burner contains a central tube b
constituting the wick tube on which the cylindrical wick a is placed. The wick
tube bis surrounded by an outer case c so as to form with the said tube a chamber e
to contain oil into which the wick a dips. This chamber e communicates with the
reservoir A by a tube d through which oil from the said reservoir passes to the
The chamber e is also
annular space 3 and thence by tubes d to the chamber e.
connected by an air tube f which extends inside and to within a short distance of
the top of the reservoir A and opens at its lower end into the chamber e (or into a
passage leading thereto as shown) at about the height to which the oil is to be
maintained therein. This tube is the only means for supplying air to the interior
of the reservoir A when the lamp is in use the air entering at the openings and
passing down between the outer and inner tubes to and into the inner tube. The
tubes & and are surrounded by outer tubes which are perforated as shown
at for the admission of air to the tube f and to keep the tubes d and cool.
if desired the tube for conducting air to the interior of the oil reservoir A may
contain the tube which supplies oil from the said reservoir to the chamber e.
Beneath the chimney C there are provided two deflecting discs g g between which
discs are air outlets for conducting air to the flame. If desired one disc only or
more than two such discs may be used with air outlets between each. The chamber e
passes through and is connected to a casing e² surrounding the upper part of the
wick tube and passing through the centre of a hemispherical or equivalent glass 1)
forming a transparent chamber D' in which the flame is situated. The top of this
chamber that is the space between the top of the glass and the base of the chimney
is covered by a plate k preferably provided with a reflecting surface. The casing
is perforated for the admission of air.

page_text: The lower part of the chimney is surrounded by a casing E having openings
at bottom for the inlet of external air and surrounding this casing is the oil reservoir A
there being a space E2 between it and the said casing E so that a current of cool air
passes therethrough and so keeps cool the oil in the reservoir A the hot air from the
outside of the glass D being drawn up through the space between the chimney Cand
the casing E as shown by the arrows and so is prevented from heating the reservoir A.
If desired two or more casings such as E may be provided between the oil
reservoir A and the chimney C. Air to supply the upper side of the flame passes
through the openings into tubes traversing the chimney (becoming therein heated
by the products of combustion passing therearound up the chimney) and thence
passing by the tube out by the openings i. The wick tube which is open
throughout serves to admit air to the inner side of the flame and also as a passage
up which to pass a lighting appliance for lighting the lamp without removing the
glass. Air passes to the upper side of the flame also through this tube b. Air for
the lower side of the flame is admitted into the space between the casing e² and the
upper part of the wick tube and oil chamber by first passing through the openings e³
into the casing and thence partly through openings et in the lower part of the cap
into the chamber D₁ and partly out at the top of the casing e² and impinges on the
outer side of the flame, heated air being at the same time supplied to the upper side
of the flame by the arrangement of regenerative tubes or passages hereinbefore
described. The oil reservoir A is charged with oil through the opening fitted with
a screw plug and in order to prevent when the reservoir is being charged the oil
from passing through the tube & into the chamber e the said tube may be provided
with a stop cock to cut off the communication during charging the reservoir A. I
prefer however to provide an automatic arrangement for the purpose as is shewn in
Figure 1 and consisting of a valve which when the plug is withdrawn for the
purpose of charging the reservoir will be released and allowed to fall by its own
gravity or by the action of a spring 72 so as to close the mouth of the tube d.
When the plug is inserted into the opening and screwed home the lower end
of the said plug will bear upon and depress one arm of a bell crank lever to the
other arm of which the valve is attached by a link and thereby raise the said
valve from the tube d and admit of the oil flowing into the chamber e
When the oil rises to such a level in the chamber e as to cover the lower end of
the air tube f the oil will cease to flow from the reservoir as the access of air to the
interior of the reservoir is thereby cut off; so soon however as so much of the oil
is consumed that it uncovers the end of the tube fair will enter the reservoir A and
oil will again flow into the chamber e until the opening of the said tube is again
covered and thus the oil in the chamber e is maintained at about a uniform level.
The lower end of the tube d may have a float valve or other analogous arrangement
to close the end of the said oil tube when the oil rises in the said chamber to the
requisite height. A convenient arrangement for this purpose is represented in
Figure and consists of a cups containing mercury which cup rises with the oil
as it enters the chamber and when the oil has reached the required height in the
said chamber the end of the tube will dip into the mercury and thus prevent the
further flow of the oil.
The arrangement for extinguishing the light consists of a tube fitted to slide inside
the wick tube b in combination with a short tube or ring 2 fitted to slide on the
outside of the upper end of the said wick tube. This ring or tube 2 has hinged
thereto a number of flaps which when the tube is raised are forced by a spring or
by the curved upper end of the casing e² over or onto the top of the wick thereby
extinguishing the light. The extinguishing tubes and 2 are operated by rods 13
attached at their upper ends respectively to the tubes and and connected
together at their lower ends by a knob or handle by which they can be raised
and lowered. One of these rods t³ passes through the interior of the wick tube b
and the other passes through a tube u³ passing through the interior of the oil
chamber e.
The wick raising device consists of a tube x (shewn in plan in Figure 2)

page_text: divided vertically into two parts hinged together at and provided with fastenings
to permit of the two parts being opened out and closed round the wick tube b.
The inner surface of this tube is roughened or provided with points to engage with
the wick.
On the exterior of the tube is a rack ³ with which engages a worm operated by
a rod extending down through a tube which passes through the oil chamber e and
provided at its lower end with a knob or handle by which the worm may be
rotated as required. By the arrangements described the lamp can be lighted the wick
adjusted and the flame extinguished from beneath the lamp without interfering with
any other part of the lamp.
Lamps constructed according to my invention can be lighted and extinguished
without disturbing the wick and are free from danger of explosion by reason of the
oil being kept cool and always at or about the same level in the chambers into which
the wick dips. They give great light with comparatively small consumption of oil
and moreover they throw no, or but little, shadow.
The lamps constructed according to my Invention or the essential features thereof
as hereinafter claimed are adapted for use for any purpose for which oil lamps are
used for either lighting or heating.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In oil lamps the combination of a main reservoir for oil at a higher level than
the burner and a small chamber or small chambers into which the wick dips or the
wicks dip with a passage or passages for oil from the reservoir to the small chamber
or chambers and with a passage for air from the small chamber or chambers to the
reservoir which is closed when the oil in the wick chamber or chambers attains the
desired level substantially as herein before described.
2. In combination with the subject matter of the preceding claiming clause a
valve for automatically closing the passage for oil from the reservoir to the wick
chamber or chambers during the filling of the reservoir substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. In oil lamps a burner enclosed in a glass forming a transparent chamber with a
hollow wick tube and an oil reservoir passing through the said glass so that there is no
impediment in the said tube and the lamp can be lighted without removing the glass
substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. In oil lamps the combination with the subject matter of the last preceding
claiming clause of a wick raising device and of an extinguishing device (either or
both of them) arranged to be operated substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. In oil lamps in which oil is fed from a reservoir above into a wick tube or
small oil receptacle below the combination with the chimney C, and oil reservoir A
of a surrounding casing E (or several such casings) with spaces between the
chimney and casing and between the casing and oil reservoir (and also between
the casings where several are used) for the passage of air to keep the oil in the
reservoir cool substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. In oil lamps the combination of the chimney C tubes or passages and 13
perforations or outlet i flame spreader and air distributor gl and a central air
supply tube surrounded by a wick and small oil tube or chamber c and perforated
casing ee and an enclosing globe D all substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated.
21
7. In oil lamps the combination of the chimney C tubes or passages and flame
spreaders g g with air outlet between and a central air supply tube & surrounded by
wick and small oil tube or chamber e and perforated casing e²e and an enclosing
globe D all substantially as hereinhefore described and illustrated.
S. In oil lamps the combination with the chimney and glass D of a burner
supplied with oil from above and the tubes or passages flame spreader g' and
air outlet substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.

page_text: 9. In oil lamps the combination with the chimney and glass D of a burner
supplied with oil from above of the tubes or passages 1213 flame spreader g¹ and air
outlet the casing E and surrounding oil reservoir A substantially as herein before
described and illustrated.
10. In oil lamps the combination with the chimney C casing E and glass D
of a burner supplied with oil from above and the tubes or passages 12 13 flame
spreader and air outlet and reflector substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
11. In oil lamps supplied with oil from above the combination with the oil
and the air supply tubes d for either of them of perforated pipes d'f¹ surrounding
them and leaving an air space between substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
12. In oil lamps the combination with the chimney C and air heating distributing
and deflecting devices 13 gl and glass D of a burner beneath supplied with oil from
above and with a central air tube and surrounding wick and oil container c with
the tube passing through the said oil container and a rod 2 passing through
the said tube for operating the wick substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
13. In oil lamps the combination with the chimney C and air heating distributing
and deflecting devices 12 13 ig and glass D of a burner beneath supplied with oil
from above and with a central air tube and surrounding wick and oil container e
with the tube passing through the said oil container and the rods 3 passing through
the tubes and 6 for operating the extinguisher substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated.
14. In oil lamps the arrangement and combination of air passages as a whole for
supplying air to both sides of the flame substantially as herein before described.
15. In oil lamps the arrangement of air passages and flame deflecting surfaces as a
whole whereby a saucer or equivalently shaped flame is produced and air is supplied
to both sides thereof substantially as hereinbefore described.
16. An oil lamp consisting of the combination and arrangement of parts substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings with or without the wick raising and extinguishing devices shewn.
Dated this 25th day of September 1888.