An Improved "Are"
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1892-Accepted, 2nd July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
An Improved "Are" Lamp.
JOHN SEATON WARBURTON of 49, New Road, Grays, in the County of
Essex, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declaro the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
and
or
recede
My invention consists in the construction of an "are" lamp having one or more
pairs of carbous 50 arranged and proportioned that each pair of carbons which are
held by metallic holders mounted upon the "carbon rods” approach
from each other in such a ratio that the "are" is maintained at a normal or
constant position or very nearly so by means of chains pulleys and sliding or
arc " and the
telescopic tubes or by racks and pinions and the regulation of the "
feed of the carbons is controlled by means of "rack teoth" formed upon one or both
of the "carbon rods" which "rack teeth" gear into suitable pinion or toothed
wheels these wheels being fixed upon small shafts or spindles upon which are also
fixed brake wheels in pairs or otherwise the brake wheels being lifted vertically
effect the striking of the "arc" while on the release of the brake wheels the
pinions being free to revolve allow the descent of the rods and cause.the carbons to
approach each other. The lifting and release of the brake wheels is effected by
means of a brake lever pivotted upon a suitable fulcrum one end of this brake
lever carries a brake block which engages with the outer or inner rims of the
brake wheels while the other end of the brake lever carries a pulley pivotted upon
it over which pulley a cord or chain hereinafter called the "cord of suspension" is
passed one end of this cord is attached to an adjusting screw or other fastener bolow
the pulley while the other end is attached to and holds in suspension a soft iron
core which is free to move vertically within a solenoid wound so as to form a
differential electro-magnet having a main or primary coil of great power and low
electrical resistance and a shunt coil of greater electrical resistance. The resulting
action of this arrangement is the reversal of an ordinary single pulley block and
the vertical movement of the point on the brake lever at which the pulley is
pivotted is exactly one half of the vertical movement of the soft iron core within the
solenoid. The deadweight of the soft iron core its "cord of suspension" and any
excess weight of the pulley and the brake lever is balanced by the tension or
compression of a coiled or other spring or by a weight either of which may be
placed above or below the brake lever. The regulation of the electrical balance
of the soft iron.core is effected by the lengthening or shortening of the "cord of
suspension or by adding or withdrawing shot or weights. I prefer to arrange the
shunt coil of the solenoid above the main or primary coil but the shunt coil may be
placed below the primary coil in which case the "cord of suspension" is led direct
from the soft iron core over a pulley placed above the brake lever then under the
pulley pivotted upon the brake lever and thence upwards to its adjusting screw.
The coiled or other spring for balancing the deadweight of the soft iron core
etcetera may be regulated by a screw or otherwise. I provide a suitable electrical
or mechanical "cut out" and in the latter case I prefer to make use of a coiled or
other spring or a weight connected electrically to one pole of the lamp and so
" or the
arranged that in the event of the breaking of the "cord of Buspension
assumption of an abnormal position by the soft iron core the controlling mechanism
of the lamp releases the spring or weight allowing it to make electrical contact
with a stud or other part of the lamp which is connected electrically with the
opposite pole of the lamp. The wire which serves to make electrical connection
between the negative pole or terminal of the lamp and the negative carbon holder
"

page_text: may be led within or outside the casing of the lamp but I prefer to lead it within
the casing and thence through a tubular or, hollow rod (which slides within an outer
tube) to the negative carbon holder. The brake and other mechanism of the lamp
may be placed above or below or on one side of the solenoid but I prefer to place
it above the solenoid in order to remove it as far as possible from the heat and dust
arising from the burning carbons.
Dated this 27th day of August 1891.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
An Improved "Aro" Lamp.
I JOHN SEATON WARBURTON of 19 New Road Grays in the County of
Essex Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
39
"
or
and
"
My invention consists in the construction of an "are" lamp having one or more
pairs of carbons so arranged and proportioned that each pair of carbons which are
held by metallic holders mounted upon the "carbon rods" approach recede
from each other in such a ratio that the "are" is maintained at a normal or con-
stant position or very nearly so by means of chains pulleys and sliding or telescopic
tubes or by racks and pinions and the regulation of the "arc "and the feed of the
carbons is controlled by means of "rack teeth" formed upon one or both of the
"carbon-rods" which "rack teeth' gear into suitable pinion or toothed wheels
these wheels being fixed upon small shafts or spindles upon which are also fixed
brake wheels in pairs or otherwise the brake wheels. being lifted vertically effect
the striking of the arc while on the release of the brake wheels the pinions
being free to revolve allow the descent of the rods and cause the carbons to
approach each other. The lifting and release of the brake wheels is effected by
means of a brake lever pivotted upon a suitable fulcrum one end of this brake
lever carries a brake block which engages with the outer or inner rims of the brake
wheels while the other end of the brake lever carries a pulley pivotted upon
it over
which pulley a cord or chain hereinafter called the "cord of suspension" is passed
one end of this cord is attached to an adjusting screw or other fastener below the
pulley while the other end is attached to and holds in suspension a soft iron "core
which is free to move vertically within a solenoid wound so as to form a differential
electro magnet having a main or primary coil of great power and low electrical
resistance and a shunt coil of greater electrical resistance. The resulting action of
this arrangement is the reversal of an ordinary single pulley block and the vertical
movement of the point on the brake lever at which the pulley is pivotted is exactly
one half of the vertical movement of the soft iron " core "within the solenoid.
The deadweight of the soft iron "core" its "cord of suspension" and any excess
weight of the pulley and the brake lever is balanced by the tension or compression
of a coiled or other spring or by a weight either of which may be placed above or
below the brake lever. The regulation of the electrical balance of the soft iron
"is effected by the lengthening or shortening of the "cord of suspension
or by adding or withdrawing sliot or weights. I prefer to arrange the shunt coil of
the solenoid above the main or primary coil but the shunt coil may be placed below
the primary coil in which case the "cord of suspension" is led direct from the soft
iron " core over a pulley placed above the brake lever then under the pulley
pivotted upon the brake lever and thence upwards to, its adjusting screw.
coiled or other spring for balancing the dead weight of the soft iron".
etretera may be regulated by a screw or otherwise. I provide a suitable electrical
or mechanical "cut out" and in the latter case 1 prefer to make use of a coil or
other spring or a weight connected electrically to one pole of the lamp and so
66
core
"
"
The
corc
"

page_text: causing
allowing
"
arranged that in the event of the breaking of the "cord of suspension" or the
assumption of an abnormal position by the soft iron " core the controlling
mechanism of the lamp releases the spring or weight
it to make electrical
contact with a stud or other part of the lamp which is connected electrically with
the opposite pole of the lamp. The brake and other mechanism of the lamp may
be placed above or below or on one side of the solenoid but I prefer to place it
above the solenoid in order to remove it as far as possible from the heat and dust
arising from the burning carbons. The differential solenoid may for convenience
be divided into two separate coils the main or primary "coil" and the secondary or
shunt "coil" each provided with its own "core" of soft iron and the soft iron
"
core in either the primary "coil" or that in the shunt "coil" may be arranged
-to act as a balance weight for the purpose of balancing the controlling mechanism
of the lamp. Referring to the accompanying drawings
66
C
"
or upper
39
'
Fig. 1 shows one form of my invention in which a is the "positive
carbon rod of an arc" lamp and is provided with rack teeth (not shown in the
drawing) which engage with a toothed wheel or pinion b upon the axis of which are
fitted one or more brake wheels c the revolution of which is controlled by the brake
block d carried upon the brake levere. The "carrying frame" which (to simplify
the drawing is not shown and which) carries the axis of the pinion b and the brake
wheels c is free to slide vertically upon a part of the main frame of the lamp and
when its descent is arrested by a suitable adjustable stop the brake wheels c are
free to revolve and permit the descent of the rack rod a supporting the "positive'
or upper carbon for the purpose of shortening the "are" and the "carrying frame"
is also free to ascend vertically and raise the brake wheels c the pinion & and the
rack rod a supporting the " positive or upper carbon for the purpose of striking
the "are" and regulating its length. The striking of the "arc' and its regulation
are effected by means of the brake levere which is pivotted upon a fulcrum fand
which carries a pulley g. Over this pulley is led a "cord" (chain or band)
hereinafter called the "cord of suspension" one end of which is connected to an
adjusting screw (or other means of adjustment) carried by the main frame of the
lamp while the other end of the "cord of suspension"- holds in suspension a soft
iron "core" in which is free to ascend or descend within a differential solenoid kl
around which are coiled insulated copper or other wires of suitable length and
diameters to effect the electro magnetic control' of the "core" in and consequently
"arc"
of the brake gear and the regulation of the in the usual manner. The main
lamp
object of the invention is attained by the combination with the brake levere of the
pulley g which acting in a manner opposite to an ordinary single pulley block
permits of a wide variation in the position of the "core" m within the solenoid kl
and ensures exceedingly steady control of the brake mechanism and therefore of
the regulation of the "aro" under wide variations of electric current. In Fig. 1
the dead weight of the " core mand of the brake mechanism is counterbalanced
by an adjustable spring n and by a weight o the cord (hereinafter called the
"balancing cord") of which is led over a pulley p carried by an axis on the main
frame of the lamp while the other end of this "balancing cord" q is attached to
any suitable part of the brake lever e. The adjustment of the controlling
mechanism of the lamp may be effected by loading with shot or otherwise the
core" m or the weight o or by altering the tension of the spring n or by varying
the length of the "cord of suspension" by means of the adjustment i.
"
"
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 show various methods of arranging the solenoids and
their "cores in regard to their position in relation to the brake mechanism and
the action of each arrangement is clearly explained by the drawings with the aid
of the lettering which coincides with the lettering of the various parts in Fig. 1. it
being noted that in Figures 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 the weight o takes the form of a "core"
free to slide within an electro magnet or solenoid wound electrically to act as the

page_text: shunt while in Fig. 4 the weight o serves as a counterbalance to assist the main
or primary coil of the differential' solenoid klin striking the arc and effecting its
regulation. The various pulleys. y and p. where required in duplicate are
lettere gand ppl when such lettering renders the drawing more explicit.
Fig. 8 shows also another part of my invention consisting of a simple form of
mechanical "cut out" for the purpose of short circuiting the lamp and maintaining
an unbroken circuit whenever the excess of current passing through the shunt
coil or the breaking of the "cord of suspension nor the breaking of the
"balancing cord" 9 causes the weight o or the "core" o" within the shunt coil k to
descend below its normal position when the lower end o³ of the prolongation of the
"core" o¹ or its equivalent weight o pressing down the end of the lever rt tilts
over the weight t'on the upper arm of the lever and makes a rapid contact with the
stop u which is in electrical connection with the negative pole or terminal of
the lamp while the lever rt pivotted at the point's is in electrical connection with
the positive pole or terminal of the lamp or vice versa. After the "cut out" has
come into action it may be replaced in its normal position by hand by means of the
weight or ringy attached to the cord which is connected' to an arm w which forma
part of the lever ŕt as shown in the drawing so that the weight t on the upper arm.
of the levor rtrests upon the stop z.
-
T
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said: inven-
tion, and, in what manner the same is to be performed,, I dealare that what I
olaim.is :.
1. The combination with the brake lever e.of an "are" lamp of pulley g, or
pulleys g g substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.
2. The combination of a tilting weight t and a tilting lever rt and its replacing
and
"
arm w with and actuated mechanically by one or other of the "cones m
ol or
the weight o or other part of the controlling mechanism of the lamp substantially.
as and for the purposes shown and described.
Dated this 26th day of May 1892.
or
JS WARBURTON.