IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES AND HEAT GENERATORS, AND in Taps used IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dean, of Oxford, in the County of Oxfordshire,
Iron and Brass Founder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES
AND HEAT GENERATORS, AND in Taps used IN CONNECTION THEREWITH.”
Sealed the 18th May 1877, and dated the 27th November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dean at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1876.
JOHN DEAN, of Oxford, in the County of Oxfordshire, Iron and Brass Founder.
"LMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES AND HEAT GENERATORS, AND IN TAPS USED IN
CONNECTION THEREWITH."
I propose to apply hollow cheeks and backs open at bottom and closed at the
sides, back, front, and top, and provided with a combination of gills and tubes, to
ordinary fire-places, and by this means to extract the heat from the back of ordinary
fires or heat generators, and convey the same into the room; thus the cold air will
be drawn from the room through the said hollow backs and cheeks, and being
warmed by the heat from the back of the fire or heat generator, will be returned to
the room, and materially assist in warming the same:
Where gas and atmospheric air constitute the heating power, I propose to add
another hollow chamber in front of the aforesaid hollow back and cheeks, per-
forating same for admission of the burning gas and atmospheric air, and providing
it with an outlet pipe for the escape of the effluvia from the burnt, gas and atmo-
spheric air, or from any hydrocarbon or other oil used for heating.
The door of fire-place, which is open when a coal fire is burning, will on burning
gas and atmospheric air be closed, and the effluvia thereby generated pass off' by the
aforesaid outlet pipe.
In lieu of the ordinary tap for gas and a plain opening for atmospheric air, I
propose to use an improved tap or regulator that shall regulate the supply of air
and gas by one and the same movement, so that when more gas is used more air
shall be admitted, and when less gas is used less air shall be admitted, and this I

page_text: propose to do by attaching a valve to the handle of the gas tap, which valve shall
also open and shut the air opening.
I propose to adapt my hollow backs and cheeks to existing grates and heat gene-
rators, and to make them of any required shape and size, and with any desired
arrangement of gills and tubes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Dean in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th May 1877.
JOHN DEAN, of Oxford, in the County of Oxfordshire, Iron and Brass Founder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES AND HEAT GENERATORS, AND IN TAPS USED IN
CONNECTION THEREWITH."
I apply to ordinary fire-places and heat generators hollow cheeks and backs, open
at bottom and closed at the sides, back, front, and top, and provided with gills and
tubes, whereby the heat is extracted from the back of ordinary fires or heat gene-
rators, and conveyed into the room; thus the cold air will be drawn from the room
through the said hollow backs and cheeks, and being warmed by the heat from the
back of the fire or heat generator, will be returned to the room, and materially assist
in warming the same.
This part of my improvements is shewn in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Sheet of Drawing, Figure I being a front elevation, and Figure 2 a section at A, B,
Figure 1.
A, hollow back and cheeks, which may be of one piece, of two pieces divided, as
shown at a, or of as many pieces as may be found desirable, and of the shape most
suitable for adaptation to the fire-place or heat generator to which the hollow back
and cheeks is to be applied, whether to an existing fire-place or generator or to a
new one.
b, gills, which may be in any number and of any shape, and either horizontal,
vertical, or diagonal, as may be found most desirable.
c, tubes, which may be placed higher or lower, and be of any desired diameter
and length.
The advantages of the above arrangement are a saving of coal or other fuel, as an
increased amount of heat will be brought into the room with the same or a less
amount of fuel, because my arrangement of gills and tubes will prevent the heat
passing away, and will carry the heat created at the back of the fire or heat gene-
rator into the room, and within certain limits (say within ten or twelve feet
horizontally, at which distance the warm air appears to be locked up in the tubes)
to any part of the room, as the tubes may be led wherever desired.
Where gas and atmospheric air constitute the heating power I add another hollow
chamber in front of the aforesaid hollow back and cheeks, perforating this chamber
for admission of the burning gas and atmospheric air, and providing it with an outlet
pipe for the escape of the effluvia from the burnt gas and atmospheric air, or from
any hydrocarbon or other oil used for heating.
The door of fire-place, which is open when a coal fire is burning, will on burning
gas and atmospheric air be closed, and the effluvia pass off by the aforesaid outlet
pipe.
In lieu of the ordinary tap for gas and a plain opening for atmospheric air, I
use an improved tap or regulator, regulating the supply of air and gas by one and
the same movement, so that when more gas is used more air shall be admitted, and
this I do by attaching a valve to the handle of the gas tap, which valve also opens
and shuts the general air opening; and in addition to the usual method of mixing
air and gas I may insert in the centre of each jet an air pipe, open to the atmo-
spheric air at one end, and terminating in the centre of each burning jet at the other

page_text: end; and I may also insert wire gauze at the point of combustion and at the general
air opening.
These improvements are shewn Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the Drawing.
Figure 3 is a front elevation showing my improved arrangement for burning gas
and atmospheric air, and may be used for any heat generator.
Figure 4 is a plan and section of same at G, H, Fig. 3, and also a section
through air pipes, and
Figure 5 is an elevation of gas pipe and air valve.
A indicates my improved hollow cheeks and back, as illustrated Figures 1 and 2.
B is the perforated hollow chamber or flue used when heating by gas and atmo-
spheric air. The shape of this chamber will necessarily vary like that of A to suit
the circumstances of each particular application.
C, handle of tap for regulating admission of air and gas.
D, air valve and general air pipe, which may be protected with wire gauze.
E, perforations for burning air and gas; they may be of any desired form and
number.
F, outlet pipe for escape of effluvia.
G (see Figure 4), small air pipes for conveying air direct to burning air or gas.
H, burner protected with wire gauze.
The air valve D is in this instance attached direct to the handle of the gas tap,
as shown at (C, D,) but where inore convenient the same result may be secured by
connecting the handle of the gas tap C with the air valve D by means of a lever of
any desired shape or size.
The advantages of these arrangements are,-
A saving of gas; as with my system of hollow chambers or flues perforated for
the entrance of the burning gas and atmospheric air, combined with my atmospheric
air tube in the centre of the burner, only a small quantity of cold air is admitted to
the heat generator, and this exclusion of unnecessary cold air makes it much
more powerful.
The diffusion of heated air throughout the room by the hollow back and cheeks A.
with its gills and tubes.
The facility of regulating simultaneously the supply of gas and of atmospheric air
by means of my improved tap.
I desire it to be understood that the whole or part of the improvements I have
above set forth may be applied to ovens, hot plates, and other heat generators as
well as to open fire-places.
I may make my hollow back and checks and hollow chamber of fire-clay, or of
metal or other suitable material, and use whatever material I may find preferable
for any of the other parts of my arrangements.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is or may be performed, I desire it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details shown on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawing, as such may be varied while retaining the essential features of my improve-
ments, and that I claim as secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent,
Firstly. The use of the hollow back and checks with gills and tubes, arranged
substantially as herein-before described and shown, Figures 1 and 2 of the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawing, and for the purposes set forth.
Secondly. The hollow back and cheeks of my Invention (A) in combination with
the hollow chamber (B), substantially as herein-before described and illustrated.
Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawing, and for the purposes set forth.
Thirdly. The combination of the gas and air supply with the perforated hollow
chamber (B) and the escape pipe for effluvia, substantially as herein-before described
and illustrated Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the Drawing.
Fourthly. The construction of the tap, substantially as described and shown,
Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawing, for the purpose of simultaneously
regulating the supply of gas and atmospheric air in proper relative proportion, and

page_text: whether used in combination with my improved heat generator, as at Figures 3 and
4, or with any other heat generator.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Dean, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JOHN DEAN. (L.S.)