IMPROVED MEANS OF RENDERING CLOSETS ANd other Places INODOROUS, AND IN THE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolph Kolb, of No. 1, Circus Place, Finsbury,
in the County of Middlesex, and Coleridge Allsop, of Old Broad
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MEANS OF RENDERING CLOSETS ANd other Places INODOROUS, AND IN THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolph Kolb and
Coleridge Allsop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patcuts,
with their Petition, on the 27th January 1873.
We, ADOLPH KOLB, of No. 1, Circus Place, Finsbury, in the County
of Middlesex, and COLERIDGE ALLSOP, of Old Broad Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF RENDERING CLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES INODOROUS, AND
IN THE ARRANGEMENTS OF APPLIANCES FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to improved means of rendering closets, cess-
pools; drains, watercourses, and similar places, both above or below
ground, inodorous; also to arrangements of appliances for the purpose.

page_text: The Invention will be understood by the following description, reserv-
ing to ourselves the right to modify the arrangements of the appliances
to suit thic special situation of the closet or other place. We form, say,
a pit in the ground and line it with cement to make it watertight, or wo
sink or build a metallic or an earthenware receiver in a suitable position.
The upper part of the receiver is arched or dome-shaped, and into or
through which the outlet pipe of the closet pan passes to give free access
to the receiver. Other pipes, proferably two, lead also from the receiver
(or from the pan) or its pipe into an uptake in the inside or the outside
of the building in which the closet is fitted; these pipes, we propose,
should merge into one to form the contination of the uptake, the upper
part of which is provided with a cowl or drafter.
In buildings where the closets are above cach other on the separate
floors or landings we propose to lead the additional pipes from the several
closets into one uptake.
The action is:-The cesspool being closed on all sides except the top,
fresh air enters it through the pan and its pipe, where it mixes with and
becomes impregnated with the effluvia and gases arising from the
contents; this charged air then finds an outlet through the branch pipes
into the uptake, up which it ascends and escapes above the house tops.
The branch pipes produce a continual draft, and drain in incessantly all
foul air and gas arising from the excreta.
The Invention is applicable to all localitics, and should tho cesspool
require emptying at any time we propose, where possible, to employ a
tank with a suction and a return air pipe, the suction pipe to remove the
excreta through the action of an engine, and the return air pipe to
convey the foul air and gases from the tank to the cesspool to bo led
into the uptake. By this means all escape of smell and vapour is
prevented during the time of emptying.
For street and court drains and outlets we propose to lead tho
additional pipes into a connection or branch of the rain water pipe for
carrying the cflluvia and gases direct to the house tops.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Adolph Kolb and Coleridge Allsop in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, ADOLPII
KOLB, of No. 1, Circus Place, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, and
COLERIDGE ALLSOP, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London, send
grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Adolph Kolb and
Coleridge Allsop, Her special licence that we, the said Adolph Kolb
and Coleridge Allsop, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Adolph Kolb and Coleridge Allsop, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVED MEANS OF RENDERING CLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES INODOROUS AND IN THE
ARRANGEMENTS OF APPLIANCES FOR THE PURPOSE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Adolph Kolb and Coleridge Allsop, or one of us,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and scals should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Adolph Kolb and Coleridge
Allsop, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to
say:
-
This Invention relates to improved means of rendering closets, cess-
pools, drains, watercourses, and similar places, both above or below
ground, inodorous; also to arrangements of appliances for the purpose.

page_text: The Invention will be understood by the following description, reserv-
ing to ourselves the right to modify the arrangements of the appliances
to suit the special situation of the closet or other place. We form, say
a pit in the ground and line it with cement to make it watertight, or wo
sink or build a metallic or an carthenware receiver in a suitable position.
The upper part of the receiver is arched or dome-shaped, and into or
through which the outlet pipe of the closet pan passes to give free access
to the receiver. Other pipes, preferably two, lead also from the receiver
or from the pan or its pipe into an uptake of an area larger than that
of the two pipes in the inside of the building in which the closet is fitted;
these pipes merge into one to form the continuation of the uptake, the
upper part of which is provided with a cowl or drafter.
In buildings where the closets are above each other on the separate
floors or landings we lead the additional pipes from the several closets
into one uptake.
The action is:-The cesspool being closed on all sides except the top
fresh air enters it through the pan and its pipe, where it mixes with and
becomes impregnated with the effluvia and gases arising from the
contents; this charged air then finds an outlet through the branch pipes
into the uptake, up which it ascends and escapes above the house top.
The branch pipes produce a continual draught to draw in incessantly
foul air or gas arising from the excreta, as well as air through the closet
stool or seating, thereby acting as a ventilator for removing vapours or
air from the room or portion of the building in which the closet is
placed.
The Invention is applicable to all localitics, and should the cesspool
requiro emptying at any time we employ a tank with a suction and
return air pipe, the suction pipe to remove the excreta through the action
of an engine, and the return air pipe to convey the foul air and gases
from the tank to the cesspool to be led into the uptake. By this means
all escape of smell and vapour is prevented during the time of
emptying.
For street and court drains and outlets we lead the additional pipes
into a connection or branch of the rain water pipe for carrying the
cflluvia and gases direct to the house tops.
The accompanying Drawings represent our Invention, and the follow-
ing description will explain how we carry it into effect :-

page_text: Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of a portion of a dwelling
house with four closets A, B, C, D, superposed and upon different
landings or floors.
The seats a, a, are hermetically secured to flanges at the upper parts
of spread out tubes b, b, forming the connection between the closet and
the main tube E to the cesspool or drain F, the upper part of which is
dome-shaped, so that all vapour, gas, or foul air rising from the same
can rise to the top and enter the main tube E, and from that into tho
branches G, H, to be led away to the house top by the outlet or escape
pipe I, the upper part of which is provided with a cowl or draughter J,
the rotation or action of which from the height of the pipe I forms a
constant suction from the cesspool or drain F. The two branch pipes
G, H, arc of different lengths, and they merge into one pipe K, which
runs a short distance up and inside the escape pipe I to ensure the
proper action of the apparatus; they both start from the pan portion of
the closet at or about the same level as indicated in Figure 2, but they
are made of different lengths by giving a greater bend to one than the
other, this being essential for establishing the up draught needed.
The escape or rainwater pipe from the roof is used for removing the
foul air and gases from street drains and underground watercourses,
such as we have shown at Figure 3. In this view we have shown the
branches connected to different heights of the connection or shaft, but
one of the legs may be bent round to enter the shaft at the same level
as the other. branch. In either case the action is the same so long as
one and are of different lengths as before
they both merge into
explained.
Figure 4 represents our method of emptying a cesspool without
permitting the least escape of noxious vapour or gases during the
operation. M is a tank mounted upon four wheels N, so that it can be
moved from place to place; the upper part is fitted with moveable covers
or flaps, to the sockets of which a delivery pipe D and an escape pipe P
are fitted, the first being also in connection with a lift pump and its
suction tube R and the other leading into the cesspool for returning or
sending all the foul air, gases, or vapour back into the cesspool or
into the uptake shaft or pipo direct. In the view we have shown its
free end in the cesspool, in the flap of which it, like the suction pipe, is
hermetically fitted so that all the vitiated air and gas is permitted to
escape through the branches and uptake as before explained, the

page_text: branches in this figure being fitted in the brickwork domo or arch of the
cesspool. In the case of closed cesspools the fresh air to supply the up
draught is only downwards through the pan, but in the case of open
ended drains or underground gullies the supply to the uptake is partly
by the drains and partly by the street openings during the downward
flow of water into them.
And having now described the nature of our Invention and the method
of carrying it into effect we declare that we claim,—
Firstly. The improved means of rendering closets and other places
inodorous as described.
Secondly. We claim the employment of two small pipes, one leg
being longer than the other, but merging into and terminating as one
large pipe, as described and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Adolph Kolb and Coleridge Allsop
have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Twenty-fourth day of
July One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.