AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COUPLING JOINT, APPLICABLE TO PIPES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Frankham, of Greenland Place, Judd
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COUPLING JOINT, APPLICABLE TO PIPES,
Scaled the 3rd November 1853, and dated the 10th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Frankham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th June 1858.
I, SAMUEL FRANKHAM, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COUPLING JOINT, APPLICABLE
TO PIPES, VESSELS OF CAPACITY, AND OTHER LIKE USES," to be as follows:-
T
This Invention relates to a mode of producing coupling joints that
will allow for contraction and expansion, and prevent the tearing away
of the bolts or other fastenings employed in securing the connection.
For this purpose I cast on the ends of the parts that are to be attached
together (say, for example, tubes) lugs or flanges for receiving the
coupling bolts, and the extremities of the tubes I shape so that a
suitable recess will be formed between the abutting ends for the
reception of india-rubber packing, which will yield and expand as the

page_text: pipes contract or expand in length, and thus a water-tight junction
will be effected not liable to disruption from the action of varying
temperatures.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Frankham in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 10th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
SAMUEL FRANKIIAM, of Greenland Place, Judd Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Samuel Frankham, Ter special license that I,
the said Samuel Frankham, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Samuel Frankham, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF COUPLING JOINT, APPLICABLE TO PIPES, VESSELSO CAPA-
CITY, AND OTHER LIKE USES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Samuel Frankham, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Frankham, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-

page_text: into annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
This Invention relates to a mode of producing coupling joints that
will allow for contraction and expansion, and prevent the tearing away
of the bolts or other fastenings employed for securing the connection.
In carrying out this Invention I so construct the abutting ends of the
parts which are to be connected together, say, for example, two cast
iron pipes, that in interlocking with each other a recess will be formed
for the reception of a layer of vulcanized india-rubber, which is
interposed between the abutting ends, and will yield to any pressure
put upon it by the expansion of the metal.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1, shews in section one arrange-
ment for connecting two cast iron water pipes together. It will be
seen that the pipe A, is cast with a shoulder a, at its end, in which an
annular recess is formed, and that the pipe B, the bore of which is en-
larged to receive the lip of the pipe A, is cast with a similar shoulder b.
These shoulders carry lugs which receive the bolts d, for forming
the permanent connection between the pipes. The lip of the pipe B,
projects into the recess of the shoulder a, and interposed between it
and the bottom of the recess is a ring of vulcanized india-rubber c,
against which the pipe B, is made to bear by means of the bolts
and nuts d. By this arrangement I am enabled to form a perfect
and economical water-tight joint which will allow for the contraction
and expansion of the metal without its efficiency being in any way
affected.
Fig. 2, shows a slight modification of this arrangement. In this
instance the ring of india-rubber, instead of being contained in a recess,
is gripped between shoulders cast on the abutting ends of the pipes.
Fig. 3, shews a mode of applying the Invention to collars used for
connecting steam or hot water pipes together. C, is a short pipe
which surrounds the ends of the pipes D, E, and at opposite ends of
this pipe C, are recessed shoulders into each of which a ring of india-
rubber packing is laid for the purpose of forming a packing for the
pipes D, E. These rings are caused to press tightly against the
pipes D, E, by means of the glands F, F, which are connected by bolts
and nuts to the shoulder of the pipe C.

page_text: Fig. 4, shews a slight modification of this arrangement, one pipe
only being inserted in the connecting pipe C, and the other pipe being
provided with a recessed shoulder to receive the packing and one end
of the pipe C, while the other end is provided, as before, with a gland F,
for retaining the packing and pressing it against the sides of the pipe
which it surrounds.
Fig. 5, shews the same kind of joint as that first described applied
to a cistern for holding water. The recess for the reception of the
india-rubber is made in the bottom plate of the cistern. The lower edge
of the side plates enters the recess and bears upon the india-rubber.
By reference to Figures 6, 7, and 8, the manner in which my Inven-
tion may be adapted to the coupling of straight tubes with bent tee (7)
and syphon pipes is shewn.
From the above explanation it will be readily understood how my
Invention may be applied wherever it can be advantageously used for
forming water or air tight joints in pipes, hollow rods, and in vessels of
capacity.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above
in part recited Letters Patent I claim the mode of coupling tubes
and other metal articles as herein described, whereby the effect of their
contractile and expansive properties will be allowed for and the
soundness of the joint preserved under varying degrees of heat.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Frankham, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three
Witness,
W. E. NEWTON,
66, Chancery Lanc.
SAMUEL FRANKHAM. (L.S.)