Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 15th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 12th Feb., 1889
I, SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI of 120 Fellowes Road Hampstead in the County
of Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My improvements have mainly for their object to enable dynamo electrical machines
to be so constructed that currents of very high tension may be produced by them.
The armature coils or bobbins I insulate and hold in place by a fusible cement-
preferably sulphur cement. I do this by holding the bobbins or coils in metal shoes
each of which has a radial stem projecting from it at the back.
Into the circumference of the central wheel or boss to which these shoes have to be
affixed I form radial holes for these pins to pass into. Near to the circumference I
also form other holes passing through it from one side to the other into which the
radial holes enter.
Into each transverse hole I insert a metallic plate and scrow into it the end of the
radial stem of the shoe which has been previously passed through the radial hole.
A space is left all around such plate so that it nowhere comes in contact with the
hoss or wheel. Similarly a space is left between the radial stem of the shoe and sides
of the radial hole. When the parts are retained in the positions required sulphur
cement is run into these spaces and this when set holds all the parts securely in place.
When currents of very high tension are required I also use in addition insulators of
porcelain or stoneware placed around each radial stem between the back of the shoes
and the circumference of the wheel.
Preferably a pair of bobbins is held in each shoe so that the bobbins can be coupled
in series in the manner described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to
me-No. 3702 in the year 1883.
The armature I carry on the end of a shaft on which is a driving pulley between
the two bearings in which the shaft is carried as described in the specification of a
former Patent granted to me, No. 702 in the year 1887. The collector I now place

page_text: outside the armature-I form it of two insulated metallic rings concentric with the
armature axis-one ring having an insulated conductor passing from it to one of the
metallic shoes above mentioned and the other being in connection with a shoe on the
opposite side of the axis.
The conductor leading to one ring is led through the other ring-I insulate them
from one another by leaving an air space between them.
One ring is carried by three or other number of arms from the outer face of the
armature wheel. The central conductor leading to the other ring is similarly supported
by other arms interspaced between the arms carrying the first ring..
In machines in which one pole is arranged to go to earth I insulate the armature
conductor in the armature in the ordinary way and provide for making contact
between it and the body of the machine by screwing up a fly nut or by a spring catch
or by other readily removable connection.
For conveying current from the collector rings I use rubbers each composed of a
pair of metallic blocks held against opposite sides of one or other of the rings by
springs which tend to press the two blocks towards one another-one block I also
press against one side of the ring by means of a spring which may also serve for
conveying away current.
The frame carrying the magnets 1 make in four sections as described in the
specification before mentioned No. 702 in the year 1887 and to facilitate any one or
other of these sections being drawn outwards away from the shaft to give access to the
armature or magnets I connect the fulcrum of a vertical lever by a link to each section
and form the lower end as a tooth which can be made to engage with any one or other
of the teeth of a rack formed on the bed of the machine-or for larger machines a screw
or hydraulic power might be used for moving the sections away from one another.
To convey exciting current to the magnet coils on each section I use springs secured
to the sections where current has to be conveyed from one to the other. The
springs press one against the other when the sections are brought together so that the
mere act of bringing the sections together also completes the necessary electrical
connections.
For very large machines where the frame would be too heavy to make in the above
manner form each magnet carrying frame with doors on opposite sides of the
axis each door carrying some of the magnets-the doors may slide out or turn
outwards on hinges to give access for cleaning.
In machines for producing currents of very high tension I cover the magnet
faces with china or enamel or ebonite or like insulating material, or in place of
insulating the faces of the magnets I interpose sulphur cement or like insulating
material between the rear ends of the magnet pole pieces and the frame that carries
them the rear ends of the magnet pole pieces being coupled together in pairs to
iron shoes and insulating material interposed between the shoes and frame.
I also attain the same object by constructing the armature with a continuous
ring of insulation all around it.
To ensure safety in working I enclose the collector in a box locked magnetically
by the exciting current and so arrange the connections that the exciting current
cannot be completed until the lid of the box is closed.
I also similarly cause all switches and fuses used in connection with the dynamo
to be similarly enclosed and locked in before the exciting current can be completed
so that no accident can occur from incautious handling of the parts whilst the
machine is running.
In some
cases in place of carrying the armature by one end of the shaft as
described in the Specification No. 7027 above mentioned I carry it by the rim of
the driving wheel which as in the above Specification is carried between the two
bearings in which the shaft is supported.
The standards which carry these bearings I make to lean inwards towards one
another.
..
The two rings or frames which carry the fixed magnets on opposite sides of the
armature 1 make somewhat of a U form in cross section with the hollows inwards

page_text: towards one another and with the several magnet pole pieces secured to the bottom of
the hollow. The rings at their outer circumference meet and are bolted together
outside the armature. To the inner circumference of one of the rings is secured
the standard carrying the bearing which is at the armature end of the shaft. The
other ring is connected to the top of the other standard by arms extending past
the driving pulley on two opposite sides or it might be by a single arm.
The armature may be of what is known as the multiple Gramme or of other suitable
construction but preferably I form its coils in the manner described in the specifica-
tions of previous Patents granted to me and secure these coils to the outer circumference
of the extension of the rim of the driving wheel by sulphur cement in the way herein
before described.
In some cases I form multiple pole dynamos which have radial armatures with
standing magnets at one side only instead of on both and complete the magnetic field
of these magnets by a fixed ring of soft iron situated on the opposite side of the
armature. This disc may have slight projections on it opposite the magnets in order
to straighten their magnetic lines of force."

page_text: Improvements in Dynamo Electrical Machines and Apparatus Used
in Connection therewith.
I, SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI of 120 Fellowes Road Hampstead in the County
of Middlesex Electrician do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the saine is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My improvements have mainly for their object to enable dynamo electrical
machines to be so constructed that currents of very high tension may be produced
by them.
The armature coils or bobbins I insulate and hold in place by a fusible cement
preferably sulphur cement. I do this by holding the bobbins or coils in metal shoes
each of which has a radial stem projecting from it at the back.
Into the circumference of the central wheel or boss to which these shoes have to be
affixed I form radial holes for these pins to pass into.
Near to the circumference I also form other holes passing through it from one side
to the other into which the radial holes enter.
Into each transverse hole I insert a metallic plate and screw into it the end of the
radial stem of the shoe which has been previously passed through the radial hole.
A space is left all around such plate so that it nowhere comes in contact with the
boss or wheel. Similarly a space is left between the radial stem of the shoe and sides
of the radial hole. When the parts are retained in the positions required sulphur
cement is run into these spaces and this when set holds all the parts securely in place.
When currents of very high tension are required, I also use in addition insulators of
porcelain or stoneware placed around each radial stem between the back of the shoes
and the circumference of the wheel.
Preferably a pair of bobbins is held in each shoe so that the bobbins can be coupled
in series in the manner described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to
me No. 3702 in the year 1883.
Figure 1 is a section of part of an armature constructed as above described.
Figure 2 is a section taken lengthwise of the armature axle. Figure is a side view
and Figure 4 a section of one of the shoes in which the coils are held. Figures 5 is
a side view and Figure 6 a cross section of one of the filling blocks. Figure 7 is an
end view and Figure 8 a cross section of one of the porcelain insulators placed around
the radial stems of the shoes.
A is part of the outer portion of the armature wheel. B B are slots formed through
it at intervals apart near its periphery. C. C are radial holes passing from the
periphery of the wheel to the slots B-D D are the shoes with stems D₁ which pass
into the radial holes C-E are porcelain insulators placed over the stems D¹ to come
' between them and the wheel. F are nuts screwed on to the ends of the stems D'
when they have been inserted into the holes C.

page_text: F are pins by which the nuts are prevented from turning when screwed up. G is
a filling of sulphur with which the spaces between the nut and stem and the sides of
the slots B and radial holes Care filled in.
This way of holding the shoes to the wheel is much more convenient than making
the shoes with T headed stems to pass into T slots in the wheel as described in the
Specification of my former Patent above mentioned. H. H are metal blocks placed
into the shoes one half of each block into one shoe and the other half into the next-
insulating material being placed between the shoes and blocks as shewn. H' are bolts
by which the coils are held to the shoes. Each block couples the exterior of the two
coils which it carries whilst the interior of the coils is in connection with the holding
in bolt. The two bolts which hold two of the coils into each shoe are coupled by
connections not shewn with the bolt used for holding in the next adjacent coils and
so on.
The armature 1 carry on the end of a shaft on which is a driving pulley between
the two bearings in which the shaft is carried as described in the Specification of a
former Patent granted to me No. 702 in the year 1887. The collector I now place
outside the armature. I form it of two insulated metallic rings or sets of rings
concentric with the armature axis, one ring having an insulated conductor passing
from it to one of the metallic shoes above mentioned and the other being in connection
with a shoe on the opposite side of the axis.
The conductor leading to one ring is led through the other ring. I insulate them
from one another by leaving an air space between them.
One ring is carried by three or other number of arms from the outer face of the
armature wheel. The central conductor leading to the other ring is similarly supported
by other arms interspaced between the arms carrying the first ring.
For conveying current from the collector rings I use rubbers each composed of a
pair of metallic blocks held against opposite sides of one or other of the rings by
springs which tend to press the two blocks' towards one another one block I also press
against one side of the ring by means of a spring which may also serve for conveying
away current.
A vertical section plan and end view of a dynaшno electrical machine formed in
this way is shewn at Figures 9. 10 and 11. A section of the armature and collector
on a larger scale is shewn at Figure 2.
In these figures I are the field magnets. J the armature coils. D' are insulated
conductors led from two of the shoes D on opposite sides of the armature to insulated
pins D which project from the outer end of the boss of the armature as best seen in
Figure 2. D are porcelain insulators to prevent sparks passing from the pins D³ to
the armature boss.
KK' are two conductors one passing through the other and one coupled by an
arm K2 to one pin D³ and by another arm K2 to the other pin D.-Other armis
connect the conductors to insulated pins K³ secured to the face of the armature and
serve to hold the conductors in their proper positions concentric with the armature K*
is insulating material separating the two conductors K K' or the space may be left as
an air space.
LL are rubbers held by springs against circular rings or bosses fixed or formed
on the two conductors. The upper blocks are as shewn in the end view of the collector
casing (Figure 12 Sheet 4) pressed downwards by springs L' on to the top of the
rings and the lower blocks held up to the bottom of the rings by bronze springs I³.
P is an iron box enclosing the collector this box is carried by a standard from the bed
of the machine as shewn.
In machines in which one pole is arranged to go to earth I insulate the armature
conductor in the armature in the ordinary way and provide for making contact
between it and the body of the machine by screwing up a fly nut or by a spring catch
or by other readily removeable connection.
The machine shewn at Figures 13. 14 and 15 hereinafter described has contact made
between its armature conductor and the body of the armature by a fly nut in the
above manner. The nut is shown in Figure 13 it screws on to a prolongation of the
1

page_text: insulated stem of one of the shoes in which the armature coils are held. When
the nut is screwed up on to the prolongation of the stem it comes into contact with
the inner circumference of the rim of the armature wheel and making contact there-
with puts the armature conductor into connection with the armature wheel and so
into connection with the framing of the machine. By slackening the nut this
connection can readily be severed and the insulation of the armature coils can then
be tested.
The frame carrying the magnets I make in four sections as described in the
Specification before mentioned No. 702 in the year 1887 and to facilitate any one or
other of these sections being drawn outwards away from the shaft to give access to
the armature or magnets 1 connect the fulcrum of a vertical lever by a link to each
section and form the lower end as a tooth which can be made to engage with any one
or other of the teeth of a rack formed on the bed of the machine or for larger
machines a screw or hydraulic or other power might be used for moving the sections
away from one another.
The dynamo electrical machine shewn at Figures 9. 10 and 11 is shewn to have
racks M. fixed to the bed of the machine for a lever N to engage with as above
described the lever can be coupled by a link N' to any one or other of the four
sections of the frame that carries the field magnets I.
In Figures 13. 14 and 15 which shew a machine of larger type the moving of any
one or other of the four sections of the field magnet frame is effected by endless
chains to one or other of which either of the four sections of the frame can be
attached by a pin O¹. The endless chains are driven when required from a revolving
shaft O2 and can be driven in either direction according to the direction in which it
is required to move the sections of the frame whether to draw them apart or to bring
them together.
To convey exciting current to the magnet coils on each section 1 use springs
secured to the sections where current has to be conveyed from one to the other.
The springs press one against the other when the sections are brought together so
that the mere act of bringing the sections together also completes the necessary
electrical connections.
In the machine shewn in Figures 9. 10 and 11 the two vertical divisions of each
magnet frame are provided with terminals X Y for the conductor used for conveying
current through the magnet coils.
A plan view and vertical section of the parts in connection with two of these
terminal pins is shewn at Figures 16 and 17-the pin X is carried by one section
of the frame and the pin Y by the other section. Each pin has connected to it the
conductor Z from the magnet coils one pin has also connected to it a contact
plate X¹ and the other a spring metallic brush Y¹. When the two sections of the
frame are brought together the coils of the magnets on one section will be
coupled in series with the coils of the other section. Current can be led to and
from the entire series by two terminals situated at any suitable position on either
of the divisions of the frame.
Or
In machines for producing currents of very high tension I cover the magnet
faces with china or enamel or ebonite or like insulating material or in place of
insulating the faces of the magnets I attain the same object by constructing the
armature with a continuous ring of insulation all around it, to come between itself
and the magnet pole pieces. Preferably I do this by covering them with paper
made to adhere by a thick coating of shellac placed on to the side of the armature
the shellac being heated and the paper pressed down upon it with hot irons.
the sides of the coils might be covered with vulcanite by covering them with a
coating of india ruhher and sulphur and subsequently submitting them to heat to
effect vulcanization. 1 also in some cases interpose sulphur cement or like insulating
material between the rear ends of the magnet pole pieces and the frame that
carries them the rear ends of the magnet pole pieces being coupled together in
pairs to iron shoes and insulating material interposed between the shoes and frame.
Figures 18 and 19 shew. sections of part of the magnet frames of a dynamo

page_text: having the pole pieces a of the magnets coupled in pairs at their rear ends by iron
connecting pieces which are cemented into recesses in the magnet frames c by
sulphur or other insulating cement d. To secure insulation between the pole pieces
and the coils of insulated conductor by which they are surrounded each pole piece
is surrounded by a thick layer P of insulating material.
To ensure safety in working I enclose the collector in a box locked magnetically
by the exciting current and so arrange the connections that the exciting current
cannot be completed until the lid of the box is closed.
I also similarly cause all switches and fuses used in connection with the dynamo
to be similarly enclosed and locked in before the exciting current can be completed
so that no accident can occur from incautious handling of the parts whilst the
machine is running.
A box enclosing a collector in the above manner is shewn at Figures 20 and 21
which are two sections taken at right angles to one another. In these Figures the
collector is shewn to be formed in the same manner as described with reference to
Figures 29, 10, 11 and 12 and the parts are marked with the same letters of
reference. P is the lid or door of the box P it turns downwards on a hinge joint
at P. P are two bronze strips carried by the door and insulated from it, these when
the door is closed come against insulated conductors P*.
Qare the two pole pieces of an electro magnet the ends of these pole pieces come
against downward projections from the top of the iron box when the lid is closed.
One end of the coils of this magnet is coupled to one of the bronze strips P³ and
the other end of the coils to the other strip.
The continuous current for exciting the field magnets of the Dynamo has to pass
from one insulated conductor P to the other, this it can only do when the door is
closed and the bronze strips P³ come against them, the circuit is then completed
through the coils of the magnet Q and the magnet then holds the door closed and
it cannot again be opened until the exciting current ceases to pass.
In some
cases in place of carrying the armature by one end of the shaft as
described in the Specification No. 702 above mentioned I carry it by the rim of
the driving wheel which as in the above Specification is carried between the two
bearings in which the shaft is supported.
The standards which carry these bearings I make to lean inwards towards one
another.
The two rings or frames which carry the fixed magnets on opposite sides of the
armature I make somewhat of a U form in cross section with the hollows inwards
towards one another and with the several magnet pole pieces secured to the bottom
of the hollow. The rings at their outer circumference meet and are bolted together
outside the armature. To the inner circumference of one of the rings is secured
the standard carrying the bearing which is at the armature end of the shaft. The
other ring is connected to the top of the other standard by arms extending past
the driving pulley on two opposite sides or it might be by a single arm.
The armature may be of what is known as the multiple Gramme or of other
suitable construction but preferably I form its coils in the manner described in the
Specifications of previous Patents granted to me and secure these coils to the outer
circumference of the extension of the rim of the driving wheel by sulphur cement
in the way herein before described.
Figures 13. 14 and 15 show a vertical longitudinal section and end views of a
dynamo electrical machine constructed in the above manner.
Figure 22 is an end view. Figure 23 is a vertical section. Figure 24 a horizontal
section of the magnet frames.
Figure 25 is a plan view of the bed of the machine. Figure 26 (Sheet 8) is a
cross section of one of the extensions from the bed and the mechanism carried by
it for giving motion to the endless chains used for moving the parts of the magnet
frames to and fro. Figure 27 is a plan view partly in section of the whole frame
of the machine.
In these Figures R is the armature axis mounted in bearings carried by

page_text: standards S, S', R¹ is the driving wheel R2 the armature carried by the rim of the
driving wheel T T are the two rings or frames which carry the field magnets.
Each ring is for the sake of strength somewhat of a Ụ form and the magnet
pole pieces are secured to the bottom of the hollow. At their outer circumference
they meet and are bolted together by bolts T². The standard S¹ as shown by
Figure 27 is formed with arms extending from it which are bolted to the ring T¹
and the standard S is similarly formed with arms extending from it which by side
pieces S³ are attached to the two opposite sides of the ring T.
The driving wheel is formed with two naves or hubs at a distance apart from one
another. Between them is a loose collar U which screws on to a screw thread on
the axle. By turning this collar in one direction or the other the wheel with the
armature can be moved endwise in either direction along the axle and the position of
the armature between the field magnets be so adjusted. The screw collar is slit across
one part of its circumference and when the armature has been set in proper position
the ends of the split collar can be drawn together by bolts V and the collar be so
made to clamp the axle so that it cannot turn around it.
The drawings shew the bearings of the armature axle as being lubricated by oil
supplied to them through pipes W from a pump X. The pump is driven by a
crank or eccentric on a toothed wheel Y which is itself driven by a pinion on the
end of the armature axle. The oil passes back from the end of the bearings by
pipes not shewn in the drawings to a receptacle Z wherein it is allowed to settle
and from which clear oil is drawn away by the pump suction pipe.
In some cases I form multiple pole dynamos which have radial armatures with
standing magnets at one side only instead of on both and complete the magnetic
field of these magnets by fixed pieces of soft iron situated on the opposite side of
the armature. The pieces of soft iron may have slight projections on them opposite
the magnets in order to straighten their magnetic lines of force.
A section of part of the armature and fixed magnet frame of a dynamo constructed
in this manner is shewn at Figure 28 (Sheet 9). A is one of a circle of magnet
pole pieces. B are projections from the frame opposite to these polo pieces or the
pieces B might be in pairs projecting from iron connecting pieces cemented by
insulating material into recesses in the frame as described with reference to insulated
pole pieces and shewn at Figures 18 and 19.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :
1. The armature for a dynamo electrical machine formed of a wheel having radial
holes formed into its circumference-holes formed at the side near the circumference
into which the radial holes enter the armature coils or bobbins held in metal shoes
which have stems projecting from them to enter the radial holes-nuts or collars
contained in the side holes screwed or secured to the radial stems and a filling of
sulphur to lock the nuts or collars and radial stems into the holes.
2. An armature for a dynamo electrical machine composed of a disc or wheel
having metal shoes arranged around its circumference and held to it by thickly
interposed insulating material coils of insulated conductor held in pairs in the shoes
and filling blocks placed between the coils and the bottom of the shoes lying with one
half in one shoo and the other half in the shoe noxt to it and insulated from them
both.
3. Placing insulators of porcelain or stoneware between the armature wheel and
the shoes which carry the coils or bobbins.
4. An armature for a dynamo electric machine in which surface leakage is
diminished by making the distance over the surface of the insulation exposed to the
air between the parts which it is desired to insulate greater than the thickness of
the insulation used.
5. Placing between the armature wheel and the shoes which carry the coils or
bobbins insulators with large surface for sparks to travel over.

page_text: 6. The construction of the armature of a dynamo electrical machine substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings annexed.
7. A dynamo electrical machine having the armature on the extremity of a
shaft and the collector outside the armature and concentric with it. substantially as
described.
8. In a dynamo electrical machine a collector composed of two rings or sets of
rings side by side but separated from one another a conductor passing to each ring
or set of rings one conductor passing centrally through the other with a space between
them and arms extending radially from each conductor and secured to the side of the
armature the arms from one conductor being between the arms of the other conductor
with air spaces between them.
9. In machines in which one pole is arranged to go to earth-making the contact
between the armature and the body of the machine by a fly nut or other readily
removeable connection substantially as described.
10. Conveying current from a collector ring of a dynamo electrical machine by a
pair of rubbers one pressed by a spring against the ring and both attached together
by springs which draw them one towards the other and make them to bear against
opposite sides of the ring.
11. Forming dynamo electrical machines in which the frame which carries the fixed
magnets is in sections which can be slidden apart one from the other with mechanism
for sliding them to and fro so that the operation may be quickly effected.
12. In dynamo electrical machines in which the frame which carries the fixed
magnets is in sections which can be slidden towards or from one another-forming
the bed of the machine with toothed racks for the lower end of a vertical lever
coupled to the sections to engage with substantially as described.
13. In dynamo electrical machines in which the frame which carries the fixed
magnets is in sections which can be slidden towards or from one another mounting
endless chains below the bed of the machine to which the sections can be coupled
and drawn in either direction substantially as described.
14. In dynamo electrical machines in which the frame which carries the fixed
magnets is in sections which can be slidden towards or away from one another
completing the circuits of the exciting current to the magnet coils on the sections by
spring couplings which are closed by the mere act of bringing the sections together
substantially as described.
15. In dynamo electrical machines for producing current of higher tension covering
the magnet faces with china or enamel or other insulating material.
16. In dynamo electrical machines for producing current of high tension insulating
the magnet pole pieces from the framing of the machine.
17. Insulating the magnet pole pieces from the framing of the machine substantially
in the manner hereinbefore described.
18. A dynamo electrical machine in which there is a circle of magnet pole pieces
of alternate polarity at the side of the revolving armature coupled in pairs at their
rear ends and secured by sulphur or other insulating material to the frame of the
machine.
19. A dynamo electrical machine having the faces of the pole pieces of the fixed
field magnets covered with china or enamel or other insulating material.
20. In dynamo electrical machines in which the armature is composed of coils or
bobbins carried by a revolving wheel and the fixed magnets are in a circle at one side
of it forming the armature with insulating material between the coils or bobbins
and the magnet pole pieces.
21. A dynamo electrical machine for producing currents of high tension in which
the collector is enclosed in a box which must be closed before the circuit of the
continuous current used for exciting the field magnets can be completed and which is
locked magnetically so soon as this circuit is completed.
22. Enclosing switches and fuses used in connection with dynamo electrical
machines in a similar manner in a box locked magnetically by the exciting current.

page_text: 23. A dynamo electrical machine having its armature carried by the rim of a
driving wheel which is carried between two bearings in which the shaft is supported.
24. A dynamo electric machine in which the armature is driven without torsion
being put on the shaft that carries it.
25. A dynamo electric machine in which the armature bearings are carried by
standards from the bed or base plate and are steadied by being bolted to the inagnet
frames.
26. Making the standards which carry the bearings of the armature axle to lean
inwards one towards the other and tying them together and to the frames which
carry the fixed magnets substantially as described.
27. Making the two ring frames which carry the fixed magnets on opposite sides of
the armature somewhat of a U form in cross section with the hollows inwards
towards one another-with the magnet pole pieces carried by the bottom of the
hollows and with the ring frames meeting and secured together outside the armature
and also secured to the standards which carry the bearings of the armature sub-
stantially as described.
28. The construction of dynamo electrical machines substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 13, 14 and 15.
29. The construction of multiple pole dynamos which have radial armatures with
fixed magnets at one side only of the armature and with fixed pieces of soft iron at
the opposite side of the armature to complete the magnetic field.
Dated this 15th day of November 1888.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents.