IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
: Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 14th February 1853.
r
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED. FOR
VENEERING SURFACES." to be as follows:.
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4
The object of this. Invention is to make an uniform and self-
adapting pressure, to the surface of veneers in glueing them on
whatever may be the form of the surface, and at the same time to
heat the veneers to facilitate the glueing or cementing. The
nature, of the Invention consists in pressing veneers on the surface
to be veneered by means of a fluid acting on. a flexible substance
interposed and making part of a vessel, containing or into which
the fluid is to be forced, by means of which the pressure becomes

page_text: self-adopting to all forms, making equal or nearly equal pressure
on every part of the veneer, irrespective of the configuration.
The Invention also consists in using the fluid employed to make
pressure on the veneers through the medium of the flexible
substance in a heated state, for keeping the glue warm when the
pressure is first applied, that it may run freely and spread evenly
over the surface under the action of the pressure, and then hasten
the drying whilst the pressure is continued.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of.. the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great
Séal Patent Office on the 13th August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three,
in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Edward
Newton, Her special license that I, the said William Edward Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times. thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARA-
TUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR VENEERING SURFACES," (being a communication
from abroad), upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my-hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
!

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
The object of this Invention, which has been communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, is to press in a perfect and equal
manner all over the surfaces of veneers while gluing or cementing
them on the wood or surface they are intended to cover. By means
of the apparatus which forms the subject of the present Invention,
this object can be attained in a more certain and convenient manner
than by any other plan heretofore known to me or in use.
In gluing or cementing veneers on surfaces, whether flat or
curved, as heretofore practised, serious difficulties have been ex-
perienced. If the veneer be not of perfectly uniform thickness, or
the surface which presses thereon be not perfectly parallel with the
surfaces to be veneered, the two surfaces to be united will not be
brought together with equal force; and hence the union will be im-
perfect; and even when these defects are avoided; the glue or cement
must be spread on with great care and uniformity, or union will be
imperfect, the parts having the most glue receiving the greatest
pressure; and when the surface is large numerous clamps must be
used, which require much time and labor to apply the clamps,
pressing. with greater force immediately under each clamp than
between them, thereby rendering the veneer liable to blister, as it is
termed, at such places,—that is, to become separated from the sur-
face veneered. When such a defect occurs, the whole veneer must
taken off and removed, and carefully laid on again, thereby occa-
sioning great loss of time and sometimes of material.
But the most serious objection to the mode heretofore practised

page_text: is to be found in the difficulty and expense of making and keeping
on hand in the shops, moulds or forms, called cauls, suited to all the
various forms of surfaces to be veneered; for the moulds or cauls
for making pressure on the veneers must be perfect counterparts of
the surfaces to be veneered, which cannot be preserved by reason of
warping.
Various attempts have been made to remedy some of the difficulties
above enumerated by making the moulds or cauls in jointed segments,
so that they may adapt themselves to the varying curvatures of the
surfaces to be veneered, or by making pressure on the veneers by
means of sand or other granular substances. The objections to the
first of these is expense of construction and liability to derangement;
and although moulds thus made will adapt themselves to the
general configurations, the surface of each segment will present to
the extent of its surface the defects of solid and single moulds
or cauls; and the latter is defective for the reason that grains of
sand and other granular substances, when subjected to pressure, do
not possess that perfect mobility among themselves which is necessary
to make an equal pressure on the entire surface; and besides this, it
is difficult to confine such substances to the surface of the veneers
when subjected to pressure.
The object of the present Invention is to make an uniform and
self-adapting pressure to the surface of veneers while gluing them
on, whatever may be the form of the surface; and, at the same time,
to heat the veneers to facilitate the gluing or cementing.
The nature of the Invention consists in pressing veneers or the
surfaces to be veneered by means of a fluid acting on a flexible
substance interposed between the fluid and surface to be acted
upon. This flexible substance is attached to and makes part of a
vessel containing the fluid, or into which the fluid is to be forced, by
means of which the pressure becomes self-adapting to all forms
making equal or nearly equal pressure on every part of the veneer,
irrespective of the configuration; and the Invention also consists in
using the fluid employed to make pressure on the veneers through
the medium of the flexible substance in a heated state, for keeping

page_text: the glue warm when the pressure is first applied, so that it may run
freely and spread evenly over the surface under the action of the
pressure, and then hasten the drying whilst the pressure is continued.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1, is a plan view of the ap-
paratus which I propose to employ for carrying out the Invention;
Fig. 2, a longitudinal vertical section thereof; and Fig. 3, a separate
view of the cap removed. The same letters indicate like parts in
all the figures: a, represents a box or other vessel, which may be
of any desirable form, and sufficiently strong and tight to hold
water and to resist the required pressure. The bottom and sides of
this box may be made of metal or wood or other substance, and the
top b, is formed of a sheet of vulcanized india rubber or other
flexible waterproof substance firmly attached all round to the upper
edges of the box. This flexible sheet should be loose, so that it
may bend or yield to the curvatures of any surface that may be
applied to it. The edges of the box are provided with vertical
screws c, c, c, c, and hand nuts d, 'for the purpose of holding down
and securing a cap plate e, or, if desired, to 'force it down onto the
flexible sheet b. The box is provided with a pipe f, with a stop
cock, and surmounted with a funnel for introducing water into the
box. There is also a discharging pipe and stop cock g, for empty-
ing the box, and also a third pipe h, called the pressure pipe, with a
stop cock i. This pipe can be connected with a 'head of water or
with a force pump for forcing water into the box. The box having
been 'filled with hot water through the funnel, the 'block j, to be
veneered is properly coated with glue or other cement, and the
veneer k, is applied, after which the block is put onto the flexible
cloth 6, with the veneer on the cloth. The cap plate e, is then put
over the block j, and secured with the nuts, and then water is forced
in through the pressure pipe until the required pressure is obtained,
and the veneer is forced in contact with every part of the surface
to be veneered. This pressure is continued until the glue is set
or dry, or a stop cock in the pressure pipe can be closed and the
apparatus laid by until the glue is dry, which drying operation will
be hastened by the heat of the water introduced.

page_text: pressure;
It will be obvious from the foregoing that, instead of hot water,
other fluid may be substituted, such as heated air, or steam of high
but this latter would be inconvenient from the necessity.
of keeping the apparatus in connection with a boiler until the glue
is dry, or making the box-of metal kept at the required temperature
to maintain the tension of the steam..
If water or other fluid be used instead of a force pump, the
pressure of a column. may be substituted, or instead of forcing in
the fluid, whether liquid or gaseous, after the vessel has been filled,.
the block to be veneered can be forced against the flexible cloth by
means of screws or their mechanical equivalents; and, finally, it will
be obvious that if desired the fluid can be applied in the cold state
as the medium of pressure, although I prefer to apply it in the
heated state.
.
What I claim as new in this Invention, and desire to secure by
Letters. Patent, is the method of pressing veneers onto surfaces
to which they are to be glued or cemented by means of a fluid
acting on an interposed flexible substance, such as an india-rubber
cloth, or its equivalent, which will adapt itself to the surfaces,
substantially as described...
And I also claim applying the fluid in a heated state to make
pressure, as.above described, on the veneers in the process of gluing
them on, in order to keep the glue warm when the pressure is first
applied, so that it may run freely and spread evenly over the surface
under the action of the pressure, and then hasten the drying thereof
whilst the pressure is continued, as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three.
WE NEWTON “Gol
WE NEWTON (S)