Improvements in the Method of Using Hydro-carbon Oils for Heating Purposes, and in the Arrangement and Construction of Apparatus and Appliances for such Purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 17th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 17th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 16th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Using Hydro-carbon Oils for
Heating Purposes, and in the Arrangement and Construction of
Apparatus and Appliances for such Purposes.
I EDWIN NATHANAEL HENWOOD of No. 22 Great Saint Helens in the City of
London, Naval Architect and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows
According to my invention hydro-carbon oil is or may be burnt in a furnace
preferably of fire-brick or other refractory material in combination with steam
preferably super-heated and air preferably heated and the supply of each is or may
be so adjusted regulated and controlled that no more than is necessary of oil steam
and air for obtaining the most perfect combustion is or may be admitted into the
furnace.
The apparatus used for the admission of the oil, steam and air I make of four
tubes arranged in the following order :-The central tube for steam 1 fit with a
taper plug at inner end forming an annular orifice and at the outer end I fit an
union. The second outer surrounding tube for oil at the inner end is brought flush
or nearly so with the central tube, and at the outer end falls short of the central
tube and is thereto fitted with gland or gland and stuffing-box and as near as may
In like manner
be thereto a branch tube projects to which an union is fixed.
form the third outer surrounding tube for steam and the fourth outer surrounding
tube for air.
At or above each of the unions a stop-cock or valve is fitted with dial-indicator
for regulating and indicating the quantity of oil, steam, and air, passing into the
furnace. By preference I make such tubes of a taper form longitudinally
increasing from the inner to the outer end-the internal diameter of such tubes
depending on the amount of maximum heat required. By suitable arrangements I
provide for clearing the oil tube when necessary without having to disconnect the
apparatus.
The tubes or orifices at the inner end may be of a circular, oval, or rectangular
form.
Also it is obvious that the fourth outer surrounding tube for air may be encircled
or surrounded by a similar tube or chamber for further heating with steam the
air within the fourth outer surrounding tube and may be connected with the third
outer surrounding tube or central tube for steam or may discharge into the furnace
thereby reducing the pressure of steam in the third outer surrounding tube or
central tube and without increasing the quantity of steam used or I may fit an
independent steam supply pipe thereto with stop-cock or valve with indicator dial.
And I make the front of the furnace preferably of wrought iron or steel as far as
practicable air-tight the aperture for insertion of the apparatus being fitted with a
flange into which the outer tube of the apparatus is made to fit closely I also for
convenience in lighting the furnace make an air-tight door of convenient size in
the lower part of the furnace front so that so soon as the furnace is well heated I
may close this door and admit no more air than is necessary for obtaining the most
perfect combustion.
By the method and the means herein briefly described I am enabled to obtain
the most perfect combustion and great economy in obtaining the necessary heat for
producing steam, smelting ores, and for other purposes where heat is required.
Dated this 17th day of June 1891.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Using Hydro-carbon Oils for
Heating Purposes, and in the Arrangement and Construction of
Apparatus and Appliances for such Purposes.
I EDWIN NATHANAEL HENWOOD of No. 22 Great Saint Helens, in the City of
London, Naval Architect and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
According to my invention hydro-carbon oil is or may be burnt in a furnace
preferably of fire-brick or other refractory material in combination with steam
preferably superheated, and air preferably heated and the supply of each is or
may be so adjusted, regulated and controlled that no more than is necessary of oil,
steam, and air, for obtaining the most perfect combustion, is or may be admitted
into the furnace.
The apparatus used for the admission of the oil steam and air, I make of tubes
of the dimensions and as arranged in Sheets No. 1 and 2-Figs. 1.-which illustrate
an ordinary full size apparatus suitable for an ordinary furnace of a boiler.
The central tube A for steam which is or may be a parallel tube, I fit with a
taper plug Bat the inner or furnace end forming an annular orifice and at the outer
end, at C I fit an union D.
The second outer surrounding tube E for oil is or may be also a parallel tube,
the inner end is by preference made to fall short of the central tube as shown on
the drawing also it falls short of the central tube at the outer end to which it is
attached with gland or gland and stuffing box F and as near as convenient to F a
branch tube projects G to which an union H is fixed.
In like manner I may form the third outer surrounding tube I for steam, and
by preference of a taper form.
Also the fourth outer surrounding tube for air I2 is or may be similarly made,
with a steam jacket J through which the steam passes before entering by preference
the third tube through the connections K. I may also in certain cases perforate the
end of the steam jacket at L with holes or slots, and allow a portion of the steam
to enter the furnace at L thereby although lessening the pressure not necessarily
increasing the quantity of steam used, or I may make the steam jacket in the
form of an outer surrounding tube with similar fitments as to the second tube as
shown in Sheet 2. Fig. 1-M and the third tube similar also. Flanges or unions
being fitted at N to which stop cocks or valves are fitted with indicators as at O
Sheet 1-Fig. 1-for the oil and steam supply and as at P for the air supply,
which are respectively connected by tubes with the steam chamber, the oil tank,
and the atmosphere, as shown in Sheet 3. Fig. 1: Q. is the supply for steam which
by preference is led from a perforated tube, in the steam chamber R and through
a coil S in the uptake for the purpose of superheating. S¹ is a drain cock. Tis
the oil supply pipe from a service tank U. A suitable strainer V is fitted to this
pipe in the service tank (which is also heated with a steam coil W for warming
the oil) and to this oil supply pipe I attach a steam pipe X with suitable stop
cocks or valves for the purpose of blowing through the oil pipe if and when
necessary for removing any obstruction.
Y is the air supply tube which is or may be carried through and to a convenient
distance above the funnel, with a cowl and vane on top as at Z or otherwise' may
be led only through the uptake or at side, or on top of the boiler.
The annular orifices at the face or furnace front of the apparatus which may
be circular, oval, or rectangular, by preference circular as in Sheet 2. Figure 2.
Z is the oil orifice which is or may be of an inch wide.
Z2 is the orifice of the third outer surrounding tube for steam, which is or may
be of an inch in width... Z³ is the orifice of the central tube for steam, which is
made of an equal area to Z².

page_text: Z is the orifice of the air tube which is as a minimum ten times the area of Z'
and Z3 combined. The tubes at or towards the furnace end of the apparatus are
kept in their respective positions by studs or webs.
I make the front of the furnace-Sheet 3. Fig. 2. a.-preferably of wrought
iron or steel as far as practicable, air tight with a packing of asbestos or other
suitable material, the aperture for the insertion of the apparatus being fitted with
a flange b Figs. 1 and 2 in which the outer tube of the apparatus is made to fit
closely, I also for convenience of ignition of the furnace, make an air tight door of
convenient size in the lower part of the furnace front c and so soon as the furnace
is well heated I close this door and admit through the air tube I no more air
than is necessary for obtaining the most perfect combustion. I also make sight
holes e in the furnace front for observing the state or progress of combustion,
which may be closed with plugs or shutters.
The furnace I make of fire-brick or other suitable refractory material within
the furnace tube of the boiler which is or may be about two thirds of the length
of the furnace tube, the further end being close brick work and otherwise the top
and sides, open work as shown at f Fig. 1. Sheet 3.
It should be noted that in the first instance extraneous steam must be obtained
say from a donkey boiler (or compressed air) until about 5 lbs. pressure is produced
in the main boiler, and the steam and the oil and the air uniformly, gradually, and
increasingly supplied as the heat of the furnace and boiler increases, and until the
required heat is obtained.
By the method and means hereinbefore described, I am enabled to obtain the
most perfect combustion without smoke or noise (from the roar of the blast) and
great economy in obtaining the necessary heat for producing steam, smelting ores,
and for other purposes where heat is required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I desire to state that I do not limit or confine myself to the
precise details as hereinbefore specified and illustrated, as the same may be modified
without departing from the nature of my said invention, nor do I claim as of my
invention all and every of the parts taken separately, but what I do claim is :-
1. The method and arrangements hereinbefore described of using hydro carbon
oil for heating purposes as and for the purposes herein before described substantially
as hereinbefore described.
2. The apparatus herein before described as and for the purpose herein before
described, substantially as described and any mere modification thereof.
3. The method of heating air, by leading an air tube through and above the top
of the funnel or chimney, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 17th day of March 1892.
EDWIN N. HENWOOD,
Applicant.