Improved Method of and Apparatus for Spinning and Winding Yarns on Ring Frames.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 18th Mar., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of and Apparatus for Spinning and Winding Yarns
on Ring Frames.
We, WILHELM LENGWEILER and FRIEDRICH WILHELM KUHN, both of Wangen.
in Allgäu, Wurtemberg, in the Empire of Germany, Spinning Mill Manager and
Technologist, respectively, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
The applicability of ring spinning machines for making a yarn in every way
equivalent to self actor yarn does not at present correspond to the desired extent
with the requirements demanded of a fine spinning machine.
The method forming the subject of the present invention has for its object to
remove the drawbacks inherent in machines having an uninterrupted spinning
process. By means of suitable mechanical arrangements it is possible to make on
a ring spinning machine, yarn of less twist than on a self actor, and to wind the
same in the manner most suitable for further treatment (such as for instance taper-
ing pirns) in order to obtain the great advantages of the ring spinning machine
for all sorts of yarn, which advantages mainly consist of a thorough utilisation
of the time with consequently an almost doubled yield, and also great simplicity
of construction, easier attendance and small space occupied.
The equalisation of the variations of tension produced in the course of the forma-
tion of the cops by the altering diameter of the spools and the variations in the
twist of the yarn resulting from the varying number of revolutions of the traveller
is obtained by the construction of ring spinning machines with ring rails movable
with variable speeds dependent on the bodies (cops) to be produced by means of
which a complete regularity is obtained in the movements.
In order with a constant delivery of thread to obtain this movement of the up
and down moving ring rail, and to lay the coils of thread of the tapering spiral
lines at equal distances apart, and to obtain at the point of the winding cone a
mean diameter suitable for correcting tension and revolutions of the traveller, the
speed of the ring rail must be alternately accelerated and retarded in inverse
proportion to the actual winding periphery, in such a way that hereby both the pull
on the thread in the ring and also the tension produced in the cop by centrifugal
force in the up and down movement of the frame may be limited in its variation
to a minimum not worth considering in practice. In consequence of less resistance
and a smaller and more even tension during the formation of the yarn it is possible
to spin yarns which by reason of their slight strength have not hitherto been
capable of being spun on self actors.
Our invention consists therefore in such a selection of variable speeds for the
ring rail that the movement of the ring rail is different at each layer, the speed
of the ring rail being inversely proportionate to the periphery of the cop and
directly proportionate to the taper or heights of the separate layers or windings.
that is, according to the following formula: y¹.z
X
=
3.21
wherein x and x are the
different ring-rail speeds y and y the varying diameter or periphery of the con

page_text: Any machine constructed according to these basic ideas allows of the spinning
of such yarns which on account of their weakness have not hitherto been able to
be spun on self actors and this result is attained by the equalisation of the strain
on the thread and owing to the even movement of the ring rail.
The well known grounds for the constitution of the so-called pirns necessitate the
use of a device on ring spinning machines by which the lift, adjustment and speed
of the ring rail are so influenced that cops (wound bodies) of any practical size in
the form and build of self actor cops or pirns may be produced on the bare spindles.
In the accompanying drawings:-
:~
Figure 1 shows as an example a form of construction whereby, by the co-action
of a peculiarly shaped cam and a compulsory guidance of the winding up chain
by means of a guide slot, there is produced a regulated movement of the ring rail
and an adjustable lift, and by means of a peculiarly shaped chain winding up roller
a suitable change to form the required shape of cop.
This apparatus has been fully described in our previous Patent No. 245497, but
in order to facilitate description of the present invention, the said apparatus will
now be partly described with reference to Sheet 1 (Figures 1 to 7) of the accom-
panying drawings which is copied from that filed with our said Patent No. 245497.
The cam disc L for raising and lowering the ring rail has the form of a slowly
increasing and rapidly diminishing spiral inversely proportionate to the bulge or
swell of the wound cone, and forms at each revolution a cop layer of truncated
conical form, namely, a winding on layer during the slow rise of the ring rail and
an intermediate layer during the rapid descent of the same, the cam being formed
to a point, at the change from the upward to the downward winding, considerably
increasing the rise for a moment and suddenly producing the drop, so that the
thread, at the actually highest point of each cop layer, is drawn down obliquely
over the point and thereby the change of winding is extended by the increased
speed of the rail over a larger part of the lift and in consequence a greater mean
diameter of the change coils is attained where the pull is greatest, thus avoiding
breakages of the thread and also winding a hard point.
A chain R shown in Figure 1, Sheet 1, compulsorily guided in a slotted guide P by
means of a guide pin 2, corrects by means of the suitable shape of the guide slot
during the whole formation of the cop, the movement of the cam which is to be
transferred to the ring rail in such a way that the speed of the ring rail is always
maintained inversely proportional to the varying cop peripheries. During the
formation of the swell or base of the cop, the pin engages with the upper portion
of the guide slot, and then gradually descends deeper in the inclined part of the
slot so that the chain is gradually lengthened and the movement of the ring rail,
that is the height of the cop layers from the swell to the point is gradually
diminished so that by the initial increase and subsequent decrease of the height
of the cop layers, the construction of the cop, similarly to the self actor cops
receives such a firmness of itself that even when spinning on bare spindles the cops
are sufficiently firm.
By the projecting tooth s on the eccentric winding roller S the constant upward
movement of the ring rail from layer to layer during the formation of the swell of
the cop is diminished and after the swell is completed is again gradually increased
from layer to layer with the object of forming the lower part of the cop conical and
the body of a cylindrical form.
In order to produce larger or smaller cops on the same spindles and the same
machines, as in self actors, the rings and gear wheels are merely changed with a
suitable adjustment of the winding apparatus.
Further description of this apparatus as shown in Figures 1 to 7 can be had by
referring to our previous patent aforesaid but for convenience of reference the
drawings of said patent are reproduced in Sheet I (Figs. 1 to 7) of the accompany-
ing drawings.
According to the present invention another form of construction of the above

page_text: named ring spinning and winding apparatus is so arranged that first an approxi-
mately equal rising and sinking of the ring rail with a small movement is obtained,
and then gradually the heart shaped can producing this movement corresponding to
the layers gradually developing to a cone, passes over into the progressive pitch
with greater eccentricity and the latter again will somewhat diminish under the
slowly increased progression necessitated by the conically tapering spindle.
The cam drum thus shaped must then be axially adjustable by means of a suit-
able mechanism or if the drum be not adjustable the roller on the end of the cam
lever must be adjustable, as will be hereinafter explained.
The adjustment of the swell is attained in this cam drum by the position of the
deepest point; the height of the point increase and decrease are attained by the
actual position of the highest point of the cam drum; whilst by means of
the shifting device, as before, an even normal adjustment is effected.
In this single organ therefore all the mechanisms for moving the ring rail and
adjusting and forming the cops are combined in the simplest manner, so that the
winding up chain has to convey the movement to the carriage direct from the
adjusting lever over a guide roller whilst the spur or projection hitherto necessary
for forming the swell of the cop is dispensed with.
The construction of cam drum shown in Figure 8, Sheet II, and more clearly
in Figs. 8 and 8", Sheet IV, is made for instance for a cop of the larger size of
No. 20 yarn and 65 grammes weight
This Figure 8 shows a half section of this cop wound with yarn of a given fibre
and normal thickness, worked out in theory by projection to give the eccentricities
for the cam drum. The sizes of the divisions hereby obtained each for a given
number of layers and also the various heights of layers yield when projected
eccentricities and corrections of adjustment affording a scale for the required shape
of the cam drum, that is to say the position of their lowest and highest points. The
actual conicity of the wound cone gradually forming on the spindle determines
the form of the increasing and diminishing spirals forming 14 cam profiles as shown
in the diagrams Figure 9, which have to effect an inverse proportional movement
of the ring rail.
In order to more clearly illustrate the construction of the cam drum reference
will be had to Figures 8 and 8".
As an equal length of yarn is wound in each cop layer, then each rotating body
(group of layers) will have the same cubic contents which is obtained by the
multiplication of the cross sectional surface of the rotating body by its periphery.
In the construction of cop shown in Figure 8 the border lines of the actual layers
are so formed that for instance in the formation of the swell Nos. 1 to 6, fifteen
separate layers are assumed to be taken together and in the further making of the
cop from Nos. 7 to 14, thirty separate layers are assumed to be taken together.
The swell angle B is assumed at 3.50, the height of layer (1 to M vertically) at
the commencement of the swell at h = 30 millimetres. The cross sectional surfaces
for the layers are so calculated that the same multiplied by their actual periphery
vield the same contents. Further it must be taken into consideration that towards
the end of the formation of the swell the height (M to 19 vertically) of the layers
is at the greatest viz: h-60 millimetres, and at the end of the formation of the
cop the height (14 to 27 vertically) of the layers is again smaller h₁ = 444 or in
round figures 45 millimetres. This diminution in the height of the layers from
the completion of the swell is a consequence of the tapering of the spindle and it
has for its object to impart an outwardly cylindrical form to the cop whilst if left
of equal height the cop would have a form tapering to the top.
From Figure 8 there may now be gathered for each group of layers 1, 2, 3, 4,
etcetera, the actual lowest and highest positions for the ring rail, assuming a
perfectly even drawing in of the chain for each progressive lift of the ring rail
for each group.
As the raising and lowering of the ring rail D is effected by
means of the lever N and the bell crank lever Q the arms of which are usually

page_text: equal, the ring rail is raised and lowered by the cam L according to the latter's
eccentricity multiplied by the distance of the chain R (wheel S) from the point
of rotation of the lever N and divided by the distance of the pressing-on roller n¹
from the point of rotation n (Fig. 3). The eccentricities of the cam drum must
be correspondingly deduced and this is shown in Figure 8. Actually the highest
and lowest points of the groups of layers are projected horizontally to the are of
a circle representing the lever movement of the lever N at the wheel S for
drawing in the chain, and then radially to the smaller arc y y which represents
the movement of the lever N at the roller n¹. In Fig. 8 these two leverages
are assumed to be in the ratio of 124 to 1. From there the corresponding are
movements are again projected to a vertical.
Thus in Figure 8* in the two verticals on the right there are shown the highest
(M to 27) and lowest (1 to 14) points of the throws of the respective cam sections
for each group of layers, that is to say the throw of the first cam section 1 (Figure 9)
of the cam drum (eccentroid) for the first group of layers or commencement of
the cop 1 to M on the left of Figure 8 must be measured from 1 to M (vertically)
on the right of Figure 8 and the throw for the second cam section 2 (Figure 9)
for the second group of layers 2 to 15 on the left of Figure 8* must be measured
from 2 to 15 (vertically) on the right of Figure 8 and so on for all the 14 cam
sections (Figure 9) for the respective 14 groups of layers (Figure 8).
The respective throws 1 to M, 2 to 15, 3 to 16 etcetera of the cam sections thus
measured are then set out on 14 vertical lines as shown in Figure 8", in order to
obtain the longitudinal form of the cam drum. These 14 lines placed at suitable
distances apart represent 14 cam sections of similar form but of different dimensions
as shown in Figure 9 placed side by side to form the cam drum, the lines (cam
sections) for the formation of the swell of the cop being placed closer together.
In Figure 8" it will be seen that the respective cam throws marked on the
verticals 1 to 14 are not set off from the straight line W Y but from the curve W Z.
corresponding to the lowest points of the cam sections. This has for its object to
vary the shape of the eccentric drum so as to adapt it also for varying the extent
of the progressive lift of the ring rail. That is to say beside the up and down
movement (vertical reciprocation) of the ring rail which is varied in throw for each
of the 14 groups of layers by a different cam section of the drum acting on the
lever N, the ring rail must be lifted gradually from the bottom of the cop to the
top of same by a series of progressive intermittent lifts as each group is wound.
that is from group of layers 1 to group 2 and so on for all the groups, a lift taking
place each time a fresh cam section of the drum acts on the lever N, so that both
the position of the ring rail (or rather the mean or centre point of its reciprocation)
and the extent or throw of the reciprocation are varied for each
group of layers. This progressive lift is effected by a piece of the
chain being wound on the roller S as described in our prior patent aforesaid
by means of the ratchet wheel T which is moved one tooth at each lift in such a
way that a constant piece of chain is wound each time on the roller S, producing
each time a normal or even lift of the ring rail. As however these progressive
lifts mm (Figure 8) being dependent on the outer form, must also vary the
normal lift must accordingly be increased or diminished from layer to layer, and
these differences are effected by the cam drum. Taking the normal lift at s
(Figure 8) the required decreases and increases of same are set off on the verticals
(Figure 8) above (-) or below (+) the line W Y thus producing the curve W, Z
before referred to, corresponding to the lowest points of all the cam sections, and
the highest points M to 27 are measured upwards from these as before described.
From the said diagram then (Figure 8) two radii can be taken for each cam
section that is to say on the first vertical of the diagram, R¹ to 1 is the smallest
and R to M the largest radius for the cam section 1 (Figure 9) thus fixing the
dimensions of this cam section, the shape of which is arrived at as described in
our said previous patent. The size of the next cam section 2 (Figure 5) is taken

page_text: in the same way from the vertical R2 and so on for all the cam sections forming
the drum.
It will be seen that by adopting the curve W Z for the lowest points of the cam
sections the respective dimensions of the sections are increased or diminished
without affecting the respective throws, and these variations of the dimensions will
produce a corresponding lift or drop of the normal or mean position of the end
of the lever N which carries the wheel S according as different cam sections act on
the said lever and this variation of position plus the normal or even winding up
of the chain by the roller S will produce the required varied intermittent lift of the
ring rail.
The making of the sections 1 to 14 (Figure 9) of the cam drum is accordingly
very simple as always the smallest and greatest radius can be gathered directly
from Figure 8" as aforesaid and the eccentric constructed in the ordinary manner
thereirom.
When these 14 profiles are arranged in proximity to one another at certain dis-
tances apart their combination yields the required total form of the cam drum.
The various profiles must be conveyed in equal succession during the formation of
the cop to the adjusting lever N producing the movement of the ring rail. This
is possible in two ways as follows;-
Figure 11 Sheet III shows a cam drum L' (rotated in the usual manner from the
main driving gear and which is set in place of the usual cam L (Figure 3) and
imparts movement to a roller L which adjusts itself axially to the eccentroid L'
in a carriage along a spindle N¹ mounted on the adjusting lever N, as shown in
Figures 11 and 13, Sheet III. The displacement of this roller and the movement
of the guide spindle N¹ take place in a simple manner by means of wheel gearing T
T3 TT (Figure 13) from the ratchet wheel T, the wheel T being mounted on
the same shaft as the ratchet wheel T and worm s¹ (Figures 3 and 13) which drives
the chain winding up wheel S, so that both the drawing in of the chain
and also the adjustment of the roller L2 are altered when the ratchet
wheel T is altered on spinning another count. In this case the roller travels along
the various profiles.
The travelling cam drum L' shown in Figure 12, Sheet III, is adjustably
arranged on a sheath or hollow shaft which is rotated in the ordinary manner
from the main driving gear. Whilst this shaft imparts a rotary motion to the cam
drum, the adjustment or displacement of the latter thereon takes place by means
of a screwed spindle N' arranged in the interior of said shaft and driven by means
of gearing therefrom, which spindle revolves slower than the hollow shaft and
imparts its movement to the cam drum by means of two nuts L³ travelling on the
spindle which nuts are connected with the cam drum by means of bolts projecting
through a slot in the shaft. In spinning another count, the wheels driving
the guide spindle X¹ and receiving movement from the shaft must in the case
of Figure 12 of course be changed in addition to the ratchet wheel T. as the ratchet
wheel T and wheel + must always have an equal number of teeth to ensure that the
cam drum will shift in unison with the chain winding up wheel S.
In Figure 12 the roller L taking the cam movement to the adjusting lever N
remains in the one place and the various profiles or cam sections are brought over
it as the drum is displaced.
Figure 10 shows the cam drum L' arranged in the machine. On comparing this
figure with Figure 3 which shows the cam disc L described in our previous patent
aforesaid it will be seen that the parts P, p, p¹², ª, 1, ³, R, of our former patent
are dispensed with as their function is performed by the cam drum, a single
chain R¹ passing over a single chain wheel r being all that is now requisite to move
the elbow lever. Q for operating the ring rail D.
In order to produce large or small cops on similar spindles on the same machine,
as in self actors, it is only necessary to simply change the rings and gear wheels
of the apparatuses shown in Figs. 11 to 13 making a suitable adjustment of the
winding apparatus.

page_text: The mechanisms hereinbefore described may of course be modified in many ways
and the above are only given as examples.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
1. The method of spinning on ring spinning machines, yarns with slighter twist
than is possible on self-actors, and in cops of suitable size, of the form and con-
struction of self-actor pirns or cops, and of winding the same on even bare spindles
with a production approximately double that of a self-actor; characterised by the
thread tension resistances being so diminished and equalised by the construction
of ring rails with adjustable speed inversely proportionate to the actual periphery
of the cops as well as directly proportionate to the taper or heights of the separate
layers that the spinning of even weaker yarns than self-actor yarns is possible,
whilst simultaneously the bodies of the pirns or cops are more firmly wound,
receive the internal construction and the actual firmness of self-actor cops by
winding with intermediate layers as well as by an increase and decrease of the
movement or pull, and receive the outer form of the said self-actor cops by an
adjustment corresponding to the coil layers, and may be suitably altered in size by
the changing of the ring and ratchet wheels and also by a suitable adjustment of
the winding apparatus as in self-actors on the same spindles and the same machine,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a machine of the kind described, a cam drum either travelling or
stationary having such a profile that both the prescribed movements of the ring
rail and also the adjustment of the lift and shifting gear are simultaneously brought
about, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 18th day of March 1898
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.