Improvements in Machines for Making and Driving Nails.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Making and Driving Nails.
We JONATHAN BOOTHMAN of No. 3 Oak Villa, Brideoak Street Cheetham
near Manchester, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, RICHARD RILEY, of No. 112
Smedley Road, Cheetham near Manchester, Engineer, and THOMAS WINSTANLEY
of No. 33 Ivy Dale Road, Nunhead near London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our said invention relates to improvements in nail making and driving machines
of the class in which the nails are cut from a continuous length of wire.
In such machines the piece of wire destined to form the nail is pointed by the
action of reciprocating cutting appliances or shears whose cutting edges are set
obliquely to the direction of motion of the wire. A triangular shape is thus given
to the point of the nail and a corresponding piece of wire is cut away from the
point and drops as waste through a suitable opening.
The object of one part of our said invention is to utilise the said waste pieces as
nails. For this purpose we provide a reversing device preferably a rotating or
oscillating star wheel which may be actuated by suitable gearing. The said
reversing device receives the severed piece of wire and turns it upside down
delivering it into a shoot or conduit through which it passes point downwards
under a driver to be driven into the article being operated upon simultaneously
with the nail formed from the main length of wire. The two nails formed at each
stroke of the cutters may be arranged in parallel lines or following each other in
the same line.
Arrangements are made in the machine to enable the nails to be spaced at
different distances apart by means of interchangeable or adjustable pieces.
Another part of our said invention relates to an improved adjustable feed for
such machines to enable various lengths of nails to be formed in the same machine.
For this purpose we use rotary feed rolls operated by a ratchet and pawl. The
pawl is so arranged that it may be set to impart varying amounts of rotation to the
ratchet wheel according to the length of nail to be cut.
According to another part of our said invention we use an oscillating lever
operated by a cam or excentric for driving the nails instead of the sliding plunger
and spring at present in use.
T 11
We JONATHAN BOOTHMAN of No. 3 Oak Villa, Brideoak Street, Cheetham
near Manchester, Boct and Shoe Manufacturer, RICHARD RILEY of No. 112
Smedley Road, Cheetham near Manchester, Engineer, and THOMAS WINSTANLEY
of No. 33 Ivy Dale Road, Nunhead near London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
'
De Q17
:

page_text: declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our said invention relates to improvements in nail making and driving machines
of the class in which the nails are cut from a continuous length of wire.
In such machines the piece of wire destined to form the nail is pointed by the
action of reciprocating cutting appliances or shears whose cutting edges are set
obliquely to the direction of motion of the wire. A triangular shape is thus
given to the point of the nail and a corresponding piece of wire is cut away
from the point and drops as waste through a suitable opening.
The object of one part of our said invention is to utilise the piece of taper
wire which is cut away when forming the point of the nail.
For this purpose
we provide a reversing device consisting of a star wheel which receives the severed
piece of wire turns it upside down and delivers it into a shoot or conduit through
which it passes point downwards under a driver to be driven into the article
being operated upon either immediately after or simultaneously with the nail
formed from the main length of wire.
Another part of our said invention relates to an improved adjustable feed for
such machines to enable various lengths of nails to be formed in the same machine.
A further part of our said invention consists in the use of an oscillating lever
operated by a cam or excentric for driving the nails instead of a sliding plunger
and spring as heretofore used for such purpose.
In order that our said invention may be more clearly understood we have
appended hereunto 4 sheets of drawings to which reference is hereinafter made.
In the said drawings
Fig. 1 is a front elevation
Fig. 2 is an end elevation
Fig. 3 is a plan
Fig. 4 is an end elevation on an enlarged scale of the mechanism used in
reversing the position of one of the nails,
Fig. 5 is a section on a- of Fig. 4 with the sliding cutter bar removed,
Fig. 6 is a section through y-y of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a roller fence or guide fixed on the front of the
machine immediately under the nozzle.
Fig. 8 is a detached side elevation of a ratchet which operates the star wheel
for reversing the position of one of the nails.
Fig. 9 is a sectional front elevation on an enlarged scale of the junction of the
channels in the nozzle holder 15. In this figure the nozzle itself is omitted in
order to show the junction of the shoots.
Fig. 10 is a plan of Fig. 9 with the nozzle in its place.
In the said drawings the same figures or letters of reference indicate the same
parts in all the views.
a a are uprights or standards on which the machine is mounted, b is a born or
carrier for supporting the work to be nailed, c is the main driving shaft actuated by
the fast and loose pulleys d d', e is the length of wire from which the nails are to
be cut. The wire is carried in a reel or drum of the usual construction from which
it is drawn by the feed rolle 1 and 2 being guided by the guide roll 3. From the
feed rolls 1 and 2 the wire e passes to the cutter box which consists of a fixed
cutter and a reciprocating cutter having inclined cutting faces of the usual con-
struction and which forms no part of our present invention. In the cutter box a
tapered or wedge shape piece is cut off with the point upwards. This is the piece
which hitherto has been wasted and which hereinafter is referred to as the point
piece. This point piece 5 falls from the cutter box down a conduit 4 (see Fig. 4)
into one of the radial channels or chambers 6 of the star wheel 7, which rotates in
the direction of the arrow 8 and discharges the point nail point downwards into the
inclined channel 9. The nail formed in the usual way in the cutter box (herein-
after referred to as the normal nail) falls point downwards down the vertical

page_text: shoot 10 (see also Fig. 5). The shoot 10 is formed as a groove in a piece attached
to the part 11 in which the star wheel 7 is mounted and forms a continuation
of the channel 12 through which the normal uail passes from the cutter box f.
Figs. 9 and 10 which are respectively sectional elevation and plan show how
the two channels 9 and 10 converge over the nozzle 13 through which they
are driven by the ram or driver 14 (Figs. 1 and 2). In the machine as
shown in the drawings it is intended to drive the normal nail and the reversed
point piece alternately. By however varying the shape of the channel and nozzle
(Fig. 9) the two nails can be delivered simultaneously and be driven side by side
or one behind the other according to the arrangement of the orifices in the nozzle.
In such case the driver has two parallel driving points corresponding to the width
apart of the nails and the cam 23 which operates the driver is then a single one so
as only to give one stroke at each revolution of the main driving shaft c.
wheel and channel 9 are covered by a glass plate held in position by a turn clip 7ª
so as to permit easy inspection and cleaning of the star wheel and channel.
The star
The driver 14 is mounted on a slide har 16 working in a slide way 17 at the
front of the machine (see Fig. 2). Hinged to the driver 14 is a link 17a by which
it is secured at 18 to the rocking lever 19 having its fulcrum at 20. A bowl 21
mounted on an adjustable bolt 22 takes against a cam 23 on the main shaft c.
As above mentioned the cam 23 may be either double or single according as one
or two nails are to be driven at each stroke. The distance of the nails apart when
driving two nails simultaneously is determined by the position of the orifices in the
nozzle to which the points of the driver are made to correspond. A spring 24
keeps the bowl 21 in contact with the cam. The work is fed forward under the
nozzle by a pricker 25 which has a combined horizontal and vertical motion. The
horizontal component of this combined motion is obtained from the cam 26 on the
main shaft c (see Fig. 3). A horizontal lever 27 having its fulcrum at 28 has a
bowl at the rear end which is continually kept against the cam surface by the
spring 29. At the fore end of the lever 27 is hinged a bar 30 which receives a
horizontal reciprocating motion from the cam. By means of a set screw 276 the
depth of engagement of the bowl at the end of the lever 27 against the cam may
be varied so as to vary the horizontal travel of the pricker and thus govern the
distance apart of the nails. Hinged on the bar 30 is a lever 31 which carries the
feed pricker 25. Engaging at 32 with the lever 31 is a rocking lever 33 having
its fulcrum at 34 and taking at its rear end against a cam 35 on the shaft c which
as it rotates imparts an up and down motion to the pricker 25. The sliding cutter
bar 38 working in the cutter box fis operated by the lever 36 from a cam 37 on
the main shaft c. Immediately behind the nozzle 13 and the pricker 25 is the
fence or guide shown in Fig. 7 which consists of a pair of rollere 39 and 40
mounted in a carrier 41 the tail piece of which may be slid in and out of the
frame of the machine and be secured by the set screw 42 so as to regulate the
distance of the nails from the edge of the work. During the operation of nailing
the work resting on the horn or support 6 is pressed backwards against the
rollers 39 and 40 of the fence.
The star wheel 7 is mounted on a shaft 43 (see Fig. 1) which also carries a
ratchet wheel 44 (see Fig. 8 for detail). With the ratchet wheel 44 there engages
a click 45 mounted on the block 47 which can swing freely on the shaft 43.
A pin 48 on the lever 49 takes into a slot in the click block 47. The lever 49 works
in a guide post 50 and is secured to the strap 51 which embraces an excentric on
the main shaft c so that each revolution of the latter causes the ratchet wheel 44
to rotate one tooth thus keeping time with the cutting and driving of the nails.
The feed rolls and 2 are connected by gearing wheels 52 and 53 so as to rotate
simultaneously. The bearing of the outer feed roll 52 is mounted in a sliding
bearing controlled by set screws 54 in order that the feed rolls may be set for
varying thicknesses of wire. The rear feed roll 53 is driven by a spur wheel 55
to which are secured two ratchet wheels 57 and 58 set with the tooth of one wheel
opposite to a space in the other wheel so as to obtain the effect of a finer pitch

page_text: while retaining the strength of coarser teeth. Engaging with the ratchet wheels
are two pawls 59 and 60 mounted on the oscillating lever 61 having its fulcrum on
the axis of the feed roll 53. The pawls are kept to their work by the spring 62.
The oscillating lever 61 is operated by an excentric 63 on the main shaft c
connected by the rod 64 to the lever 61. The latter is slotted at 61a and by
varying the position of the connecting bolt 616 in the slot the stroke of the lever 61
and consequently the angle of rotation of the feed rolls 52 and 53 may be varied
in order to produce nails of different lengths.
Referring to Fig. 6 a shouldered pin 65 is shown in combination with a spiral
spring which continuously presses the pin towards the wire. This pin is secured in
the fixed cutter block: its purpose is to dislodge the point piece immediately the
sliding cutter 38 retires and thus to ensure the falling of the point piece into
the channel 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is.
-
1. A nail making and driving machine substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described and shown.
2. A nail making and driving machine constructed so as to reverse the taper
piece of wire cut off to form the point and deliver the same point downwards under
the driver substantially as set forth.
3. In a nail making and driving machine the combination of a star wheel having
radial channels with shoots for receiving reversing and delivering the taper piece
of wire cut off to form the point substantially as set forth and shown.
4. In the herein described nail making machine the combination of the cams 26
and 35 the levers 27 30 31 and 33 the adjusting screw 276 and the feed pricker 25
for varying the distance apart of the nails substantially as set forth and shown.
5. In a nail making machine the combination of the feed rolls 1 and 2 the
gearing wheels 52 53 and 55, the ratchet wheels and pawls the slotted oscillating
fever 61 and the excentric 63 substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
shown.
6. In a nail making and driving machine the combination of a cam 23 a rocking
lever 19 a slide bar 16 a link 17a and a driver 14 substantially as and for the
purpose set forth and shown.
Dated this 1st day of October 1895.
E. T. WHITELOW, A.M. Inst. C.E.,
70 Deansgate, Manchester, Agent for the Applicants.