IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, STUDS OR DRESS-FASTENERS "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Emma Elizabeth Ashing of N° 16 College Place, Camden
Town in the county of Middlesex-for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SOLITAIRES, STUDS OR DRESS-FASTENERS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emma Elizabeth Ashing at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1883.
EMMA ELIZABETH ASHING of N° 16 College Place Camden Town in the County
of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, STUDS OR DRESS-FASTENERS
"
My invention relates to the construction of solitaires, studs or dress-fasteners in
which a separate head is secured to the tubular shank of the stud by a spring catch,
which is released by means of "pushers" projecting from the sides of the head.
One pait of my invention has for its object to impart to the said pushers an
ornamental appearance, and consists in forming or fixing on the sides thereof
ornamental extensions passing either entirely or only partially round the parts of
the stud situated between the pushers, the free ends of these extensions being
guided either by making a part thereof enter a slot in the side of the stud, so as to
work to and fro in such slot as the "pushers" work to and fro when pressed upon
or released by the fingers. Or I fix or form on the sides of the stud, at points
intermediate between the pushers, small ornamental projections having slots or
grooves in which the said parts of the pusher-extensions work.
Or again, I form the ends of the opposite extensions so as to hook into each
other or to slide the one within the other, so as to afford them the necessary
support. By these arrangements the pushers, which are themselves formed with
ornamental configuration, constitute together with the extensions, an ornamental
border surrounding or partially surrounding the head of the solitaire, instead of
being mere unsightly projections therefrom as heretofore.
According to another part of my invention, instead of forming the pushers to
project from the sides of the head, I construct the latter with a central opening
through which pass bars connected to the spring snap underneath the head and to

page_text: ornamental pushers projecting on each side of the hole, flat against the face of the
head. The hole is also covered by an ornamental rosette secured to the head or to
the backing thereof in any convenient manner so as not to interfere with the
action of the pushers, but to serve as guides therefor.
The spring snap may be of the ordinary kind, but by preference, according to
another part of my invention, instead of making it more or less round or cylindrical,
with a single projection on each side catching under the shoulder of the tubular
shank, I form the snap as a flat bent plate, with a shoulder on each side of each
part thereof formed by reducing the width of the plate beyond the shoulder, and
those four shoulders catch under the shoulder of the tubular shank, thus holding
the head on at four points instead of only at two as at prosent.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Emma Elizabeth Ashing in the Patent Office on the 28th February
1884.
EMMA ELIZABETH ASHING of N° 16 College Place, Camden Town, in the county
of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, STUDS OR DRESS-FASTENERS
"
My invention relates to the construction of solitaires, studs or dress fasteners in
which a separate head is secured to the tubular shank of the stud by a spring
catch, which is released by means of "pushers" projecting from the sides of the
head.
One part of my invention has for its object to impart to the said pushers an
ornamental appearance, and consists in forming or fixing on the sides thereof
ornamental extensions passing either entirely or only partially round. the parts of
the stud situated between the pushers, the free ends of these extensions being
guided either by making a part thereof enter a slot in the side of the stud, so as to
work to and fro in such slot as the "pushers" work to and fro when pressed upon
or released by the fingers. Or I fix or form on the sides of the stud, at points
intermediate between the pushers, small ornamental projections having slots or
grooves in which the said parts of the pusher-extensions work.
Or again, I form the ends of the opposite extensions so as to hook into each other
or to slide the one within the other, so as to afford them the necessary support.
By these arrangements, the pushers, which are themselves formed with ornamental
configuration, constitute together with the extensions, an ornamental border
surrounding or partially surrounding the head of the solitaire instead of being
mere unsightly projections therefrom as heretofore.
According to another part of my invention, instead of forming the pushers to
project from the sides of the head. I construct the latter with a central opening
through which pass bars connected to the spring snap underneath the head and to
ornamental pushers projecting on each side of the hole flat against the face of the
bead. The hole is also covered by an ornamental rosette secured to the head or to
the backing thereof in any convenient manner, so as not to interfere with the
action of the pushers, but to serve as guides therefor.
The spring snap may be of the ordinary kind, but by preference, according to
another part of my invention, instead of making it more or less round or cylindrical,
with a single projection on each side, catching under the shoulder of the tubular
shank, I form the snap as a flat bent plate, with a shoulder on each side of each
part thereof formed by reducing the width of the plate beyond the shoulder, and
these four shoulders catch under the shoulder of the tubular shank, thus holding
the head on at four points instead of only at. two as at present.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figs. 1 to 4 shew various forms of my before described improved studs in
which the pushers a a have ornamental extensions bb passing round the head
of the stud c separate therefrom and fitting with small pins d d in slots formed in
ornamental projections e fixed or formed on the sides of the head, so that on
pressing the pushers inwards for releasing the snap, the extensions b b, in moving
to and fro therewith are guided in their motion by the pins d working in the
projections e. Fig 5 shews a plan of the pushers a with their extensions band
pins d removed from the stud, which is indicated by dotted lines.
Fig. 6 shews an arrangement in which the pins e of the extensions b, instead of
working in slotted projections on the stud, are bent round and work in slots formed
in the periphery of the stud.

page_text: In the arrangement shown in plan at fig. 7, and in side view at fig 8, the
extension of the one pusher is carried round the head c (shewn in dotted lines)
and works with a pin in a slot a' formed on the other pusher.
Fig. 9 shows a plan, and fig. 10 a vertical section of tho before described arrange-
ment in which the pushers project from the centre of the head of the stud instead
of from the periphery. For this purpose, the bars of the spring snap ƒ pass up
through a central hole in the head c and are fixed to or formed in one with the
ornamental pushers a. a. so that, on pressing these together, the snap is released
from the tubular shank.
The hole in the head is covered by an ornamental rosetto g, from the sides of
which bars pass down through the hole and are secured to the underside of the
head; such bars may be formed so as to act as guides between which the bars of
the pushers work so as to keep these from turning, or special guides may be
provided on the underside of the head for this purpose.
Fig. 11 shews a perspective view of my before described improved form of snap,
and fig. 12 shews an enlarged plan of the tubular shank and section of the snap to
show clearly the mode in which it acts. The snap his formed of a flat bent piece
of metal, having four shoulders formed thereon, which catch under the
inwardly projecting rim of the tubular shank ins shown at fig 12 so as to hold
the snap at four points. On pressing the snap together by the pushers a the
shoulders are brought from under the rim of the shank, as shewn by the dotted
lines. The snap and pushers may either be made of one piece or of separate pieces
fixed together; the bend of the snap is by preference formed with a loop h, as
shewn, so as to increase its spring power, and also to fit the bottom of the tube
more closely.
Figs. 13 and 14 shew respectively a plan and a section of a stud having the snap
formed in the manner just described. The pushers a are in this case shewn
constructed without the ornamental extensions b previously described being
merely made of increased width and ornamented according to any desired design.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I claim in respect of solitaires, studs or dress fasteners of the
kind berein referred to :-
First Constructing the pushers with ornamental extensions, substantially as
herein described.
Second: In pushers, having ornamental extensions, supporting the ends of such
extensions in guides formed either in projections on the head of the stud, or in the
rim of the head, or on the opposite pusher substantially as herein described with
reference to figs 1 to 8 of the drawings.
Third: Arranging the pushers to project from a central hole in the head of the
stud, so as, in combination with a rosette to form a central ornament, substantially
as herein described with reference to figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings..
Fourth Constructing the snap of a bent flat plate having four shoulders that
catch underneath the circular rim of the tubular shank,, substantially as herein
described with reference to figs 11 to 14 of the drawings
In witness whereof, I the said Emma Elizabeth Ashing have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty-fifth day of February in the year of our Lord, one
thousand, eight hundred and eighty-four.