Improvements in Type Writers and Matrix Making Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Oct., 1891-Accepted, 7th Nov., 1391
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writers and Matrix Making Machines.
I, EDWARD PURVIS SHERWOOD of Rotherham in the County of York, Managing
Director, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object improvements in type writers which is applicable
to type setting and by means of which I enable an operator to obtain a considerable
increase of speed when writing while at the same time less power is required
to manipulate the keys and this I effect in a comparatively cheap and simple
manner.
I prefer to mount the type writer upon a small table or desk which is cut away
to receive it and is supported by light iron legs in such a manner that the whole of
the framework of the writer is self contained and is pivotted to the table so as to be
capable of being turned over for the easy examination and oiling of the mechanism.
The pivots upon which the writer may be turned over are formed at each end of
the paper carriage slide rest and to the centre of this slide rest, the bed plate of the
writer is secured the bed plate thus forming the support for the general framework
of the machine. A horizontal plate is provided at the top of the framework having
a number of finger keys mounted to slide vertically therein and which pas: through
a second plate below-with an intermediate space which contains the arrangement
of springs for retaining the finger keys in the desired position as follows:-Fixed
to the bottom plate on one or both sides of each key are vertical springs the bottom
ends of which are secured to the bottom plate in such a manner that the springs
have liberty to spring at the top and which are bent so as to receive the one end of
a strut which is inclined upwards from the spring to the key and has its other end
resting in a notch in the side of the stem of the key in such a manner that the key
is kept up by the strut but upon the key being depressed the one end of the strut
which rests in the notch is carried down thus causing the strut to press out the
spring until the strut is inclined downwards from the spring to the key, the key
being thus kept in a steady position either up or down until actuated in the reverse
direction. Below the lower plate, and connected to each finger key is an arm which
runs radially towards a central vertical revolving spindle and the depression of one
of these arms by means of the finger key, to which it is attached, causes it to
engage with a catch which is mounted upon a sleeve which is mounted upon the
central spindle and rotates with it until the catch is engaged by the end of the arin on
one of the finger keys. The catch is formed by one end of a pivotted lever the other
end of which has an inclined face so that, when the catch engages with the key arm
the inclined face depresses a bolt which then engages with one of a number of slots
Upon the catch
which are respectively arranged and fixed under each key arm.
support a roller is mounted and works in a grooved cam which revolves in the centre
spindle so that as the catch is stopped in its travel by the key arm, the can continues
to revolve and thereby presses the sleeve. Upon this sleeve a toothed or cog
wheel or pulley is mounted which is geared by an intermediate pinion or
connected by a chain with a similar wheel fixed upon a vertical shaft which
also bears the type wheel having one two or more rows of type around its
circumference. This vertical shaft is mounted at one end upon a pivot and has
one end of a jointed rod butting against the framework in which it revolves.
This jointed rod passes around the centre spindle across the machine its other
end being butted against an adjusting screw and being bent up at its centre joint
so as to bear against the underside of the support of the rotating catch and thus
be depressed by the fall of the catch support caused by the grooved cam as
before described. This straightening of the bent arm presses the type wheel over

page_text: in to a position to print one of the letters upon the paper which is placed in
the carriage in the requisite place to receive it. Upon any convenient part of
the type wheel or the pinion or pulley operating it, I provide notches or teeth
spaced to suit the letters and into which a knife edge is pressed by the operation
of the bent arm for the purpose of bringing the letter upon the type wheel into the
correct position for printing. After the letter has been printed the grooved cam
raises the catch again until the bolt on the catch is clear of the slot and at the same
time the head of the catch strikes the finger key arm to its former position the head
of the catch being so operated by a small spring that it rises up immediately under
the key arm which previously engaged with it. The sleeve is raised into its normal
position by the continued action of the double cam and is balanced by a spiral or
other suitable spring and the shaft upon which the type wheel is mounted is brought
into a perpendicular position after the printing of each letter by a suitable spring,
which also forces up the jointed rod ready for the next stroke. For propelling the
carriage a weight is provided or a spring and for regulating its travel for the
proper spacing of the letters, a collar is provided upon the central sleeve which
collar is divided up, and each division cut away on its underside more or less as
may be required for the size of the letter which is being written so that as the
sleeve is depressed as before described the collar depresses a lever more or less as
may be by the division of the collar by which it is depressed. Upon the carriage
is a toothed rack into which a toothed wheel gears and upon the horizontal shaft
upon which this toothed wheel is fixed a second tooth wheel is mounted as
afterwards described with which a pivotted spring pawl engages to prevent it from
turning until such time as the collar on the centre sleeve is depressed which causes
a bolt to engage with the tooth wheel and retain it in position while the spring
pawl is depressed sufficiently clear of the teeth to turn upon its pivot by means of
a spring, and a stepped lever being depressed more or less by the graduated collar
before described regulates the distance which the pivotted pawl is allowed to travel,
after which, upon the collar on the sleeve rising, the pawl rises with it and engages
with a tooth as much in advance of that with which it was previously engaged as
the step in the lever admits and as the collar rises the bolt which retained the
tooth wheel from turning is disengaged which allows the weight to draw the
carriage some distance until the pivotted pawl which engages with the toothed
wheel meets a stop and thus prevents the toothed wheel from turning and
consequently the carriage from travelling further. This stop, against which the
pivotted pawl returns, may be moved by a handle the distance required to alter the
travel of the carriage one or more teeth of the wheel thus enabling the operator to
space out his letters without touching the spacing key between each letter. To
allow the carriage to be brought back after having travelled to the extent of the
slide, the horizontal shaft is mounted so as to revolve in the tooth wheel with which
the pivotted pawl engages which tooth wheel then remains stationary while the
carriage is brought back, but upon the toothed wheel being operated in the opposite
direction the shaft revolves with it thereby allowing the carriage to travel in that
direction.
The carriage is mounted to slide upon a horizontal bar upon which it is made to
turn sufficiently to allow of the rack being disengaged from the pinion which
actuates it thus allowing the carriage to be adjusted to any position by hand
without touching the keys. To retain the carriage in the required position while
writing a vertical spindle is provided having a thumb-screw at the top and a cam at
the bottom which presses against the carriage and keeps it in position with the rack
engaging with the pinion, but upon being turned one quarter it allows the carriage
to turn upon its bar and thereby the rack becomes disengaged from the pinion thus
allowing the carriage to be moved backwards or forwards, by hand, a pointer being
fixed to any convenient part of the writer just above where the letters would be
printed so as to allow of the paper carriage being readily reset in position. The
carriage may be automatically returned after each line has been written by micaus
of a toothed or bevil wheel upon the centre spindle into which a pinion engages

page_text: which pinion is mounted upon one end of a shaft upon the other end of which
another pinion is fixed which engages with a toothed rack upon the carriage, the
shaft is mounted in a pirotted bearing so that the pinions are out of gear while the
carriage is travelling in the one direction but are pressed into gear at the one end
of its travel by a tappet where it is caught by a catch, which is released at the
other end of its travel ready for the return journey. An alarm bell may be provided
to ring at the end of the travel when it may be desired to return the carriage
by hand.
For feeding the paper on to the carriage two longitudinal rolls are provided
running the whole length of the carriage and are geared together at the one end by
toothed wheels or other suitable means while at the other end one of the rollers is
provided with a toothed wheel in which a pawl engages, a lever being attached to
the pawl by which means the rolls are revolved. The paper is inserted between
the two rolls being guided in by a metal guide and when in the grip of the
rolls, the rolls may be revolve to carry the paper further in by means of the arm
upon the pawl which actuates the toothed wheel. The teeth on this wheel are so
spaced as to render it easy to raise the paper just the required distance for the
next line of writing, and can be worked automatically by the interposition of the
inclined plane under the pawl arm which, on the return of the carriage will cause
the pawl to rise the required distance.
For altering the character of the letters from capital to small or to figures a lever
is provided which is operated by hand and is connected with the vertical shaft upon
which the type wheel is mounted as the lever is operated in one direction, the type
wheel is raised so as to bring the required row of letters or figures into the proper
position for being printed while the operation of the lever in the reverse direction,
lowers the type wheel until another row of figures or letters is in position. By
means of a spring in the lever and notches in the frame with which it engages,
several rings of type may be brought into the required position. This lever is also
connected by an arm with the spacing arrangement before described a notch being
provided in the arm so as to operate more or less upon the stepped lever before
described and thus allow the pivotted pawl to take a greater or lesser travel as may
be by reason of the capitals or small letters being printed.
The centre revolving spindle may be operated by a treadle & band acting upon a
pulley fixed to the lower end of the revolving spindle, or this central spindle which
operates the machine may be actuated by a hand wheel geared to it by bevil wheels
or by a clock spring or other motive power as may be convenient or required.
Any convenient inking arrangement may be used such as a pad mounted upon a
spring and fixed to the framework of the machine so as to press lightly against the
type wheel as it revolves and an arrangement may be provided for the automatic
supply of ink to the pad in the desired quantity.
In applying my invention to the setting of type I prefer to form the type loose
in the type wheel and substitute electro-typers paste for the paper in which case in
place of the type wheel being pushed forward each letter would be sharply punched
forward by the bent and jointed rod, into the paste leaving therein the impression
which would afterwards be treated in a similar way to that in which the impressions
from ordinary type are now treated.
Dated this 2nd day of January 1891.
GEORGE BARKER,
77, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writers and Matrix Making Machines.
I, EDWARD PURVIS SHERWOOD of Rotherham in the County of York,
Managing Director, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object improvements in type writers and matrix making
machines and by means of which I enable an operator to obtain a considerable
increase of speed when writing while at the same time less power is required
to manipulate the keys and this effect in a comparatively cheap and simple
manner.
I prefer to mount the type-writer upon a small table or desk which is cut away
to receive it and is supported by light iron keys in such a manner that the whole
of the framework of the writer is self-contained and is pivotted to the table so as
to be capable of being turned over for the easy examination and oiling of the
mechanism. The pivots upon which the writer may be turned over are formed at
cach end of the paper carriage slide rest and to the centre of this slide rest the bed
piate of the writer is secured, the bed plate thus forming the support for the
general framework of the machine. A horizontal plate is provided at the top of
the framework having a number of finger keys mounted to slide vertically therein and
which pass through a second plate below with an intermediate space which contains
the arrangement of springs for retaining the finger keys in the desired position as
follows Fixed to the bottom plate on one or both sides of each key are vertical
springs the bottom ends of which are secured to the bottom plate in such a manner
that the springs have liberty to spring at the top and which are bent so as to
receive the one end of a strut which is inclined upwards from the spring to the key
and has its other end resting in a notch in the side of the stem of the key in such a
manner that the key is kept up by the strut but upon the key being depressed the
one end of the strut which rests in the model is carried down thus causing the strut
to press out the spring until the strut is inclined downwards from the spring to the
key, the key being thus kept in a steady position either up or down until actuated
in the reverse direction. Below the lower plate and connected to each finger key
is an arm which runs radially towards a central vertical revolving spindle and
the depression of one of these arms by means of the finger key to which it is
attached causes it to engage with a catch which is mounted upon a sleeve which
is mounted upon the central spindle and rotates with it until the catch is
engaged by the end of the arm on one of the finger keys. The catch is formed
by one end of a pivotted lever the other end of which has an inclined face so
that when the catch engages with the key arm the inclined face depresses a
bolt which then engages with one of a number of slots which are respectively
arranged and fixed under each key arm. Upon the catch support a roller is
mounted and works in a grooved cam which revolves with the centre spindle so
that as the catch is stopped in its travel by the key arm the cam continues to
revolve and thereby depresses the sleeve. Upon this sleeve a toothed or cog
wheel or pulley is mounted which is geared by an intermediate pinion or connected
by chain with a similar wheel fixed upon a vertical shaft which also bears the
type wheel having one, two or more rows of type around its circumference.
This vertical shaft is mounted at one end upon a pivot and has one end of a jointed
1od butting against the framework in which it revolves. This jointed rod passes
around the centre of the spindle of the machine its other end being butted against an
adjusting screw and being bent up at its centre joint so as to bear against the
underside of the support of the rotating catch and thus be depressed by the fall
of the catch support caused by the grooved cam as before described. This
straightening of the bent arm presses the type wheel over into a position to print

page_text: one of the letters upon the paper which is placed in the carriage in the requisite
place to receive it. Upon any convenient part of the type wheel or the pinion or
pulley operating it I provide notches or teeth spaced to suit the letters and into
which a knife edge is pressed by the operation of the bent arm for the purpose
of bringing the letter upon the type wheel into the correct position for printing.
After the letter has been printed the grooved cam raises the catch again until
the bolt on the catch is clear of the slot and at the same time the head of the
catch strikes the finger key arm to its former position the head of the catch
being so operated by a small spring that it rises up immediately under the
key arm which previously engaged with it. The sleeve is raised into its normal
position by the continued action of the double cam and is balanced by a spiral or
other suitable spring and the shaft upon which the type wheel is mounted is
brought into a perpendicular position after the printing of each letter by a suitable
spring which also forces up the jointed rod ready for the next stroke.
For pro-
pelling the carriage a weight is provided or a spring and for regulating its travel
for the proper spacing of the letters a collar is provided upon the central sleeve
which collar is divided up and each division cut away on its underside more or
less as may be required for the size of the letter which is being written so that as
the sleeve is depressed as before described the collar depresses a lever more or less
as may be desired by the division of the collar by which it is depressed. Upon
the carriage is a toothed rack into which the toothed wheel gears and upon the
horizontal shaft upon which this toothed wheel is fixed a second tooth wheel is
mounted as afterwards described with which a pivotted spring pawl engages to
prevent it from turning until such time as the collar on the centre sleeve is
depressed which causes a bolt to engage with the tooth wheel and retain it in
position while the spring pawl is depressed sufficiently clear of the teeth to turn
upon its pivot by means of a spring and a stepped lever being depressed more or
less by a graduated collar before described regulates the distance which the pivotted
pawl is allowed to travel after which upon the collar on the sleeve rising the pawl
rises with it and engages with a tooth, as much in advance of that with which it
was previously engaged, as the step in the lever admits; and as the collar rises
the bolt which retains the toothed wheel from turning is disengaged which allows
the weight to draw the carriage some distance until the pivotted pawl which
engages with the toothed wheel meets a stop and thus prevents the toothed wheel
from turning and consequently the carriage from travelling further.
This stop
against which the pivotted pawl returns may be moved by a handle the distance
required to alter the travel of the carriage one or more teeth of the wheel thus
enabling the operator to space out his letters without touching the spacing key
between each letter. To allow the carriage to be brought back after having
travelled to the extent of the slide, the horizontal shaft is mounted so as to revolve
in the tooth wheel with which the pivotted pawl engages which tooth wheel then
remains stationary while the carriage is brought back but upon the toothed wheel
being operated in the opposite direction the shaft revolves with it thereby
allowing the carriage to travel in that direction. The carriage is mounted to slide
upon a horizontal bar upon which it is made to turn sufficiently to allow of the
rack being disengaged from the pinion which actuates it thus allowing the carriage
to be adjusted to any position by hand without touching the keys. To retain the
carriage in the required position while writing a vertical spindle is provided having
a thumb screw at the top and a cam at the bottom which presses against the
carriage and keeps it in position with the rack engaging with the pinion but upon
being turned one quarter it allows the carriage to turn upon its bar and thereby
the rack becomes disengaged from the pinion thus allowing the carriage to be moved
backwards or forwards by hand a pointer being fixed to any convenient part of the
writer just above where the letters would be printed so as to allow of the paper
carriage being readily re-set in position. The carriage may be automatically
returned after each line has been written by means of a toothed or bevil wheel

page_text: upon the centre spindle into which a pinion engages which pinion is mounted upon
one end of a shaft upon the other end of which another pinion is fixed which
engages with a toothed rack upon the carriage the shaft is mounted in a pivotted
bearing so that the pinions are out of gear while the carriage is travelling in
the one direction but are pressed into gear at one end of its travel by a tappet
where it is caught by a catch which is released at the other end of its travel
ready for the return journey. An alarm bell may be provided to ring at the end
of the travel when it may be desired to return the carriage by hand.
For feeding the paper on to the carriage two longitudinal rolls are provided
running the whole length of the carriage and are geared together at the
one end by toothed wheels or other suitable means while at the other end one of
the rollers is provided with a toothed wheel in which a pawl engages a lever being
attached to the pawl by which means the rolls are revolved. The paper is inserted
between the two rolls being guided in by a metal guide and when in the grip of
the rolls, the rolls may be revolved to carry the paper further in by means of the
arm upon the pawl which actuates the toothed wheel. The teeth on this wheel are
so spaced as to render it easy to raise the paper just the required distance for the
next line of writing and can be worked automatically by the interposition of the
inclined plane under the pawl arm which, on the return of the carriage, will cause
the pawl to rise the required distance.
For altering the character of the letters from capital, to small, or to figures, a
lever is provided which is operated by hand and is connected with the vertical shaft
upon which the type wheel is mounted, as the lever is operated in the one direction
the type wheel is raised so as to bring the required row of figures or letters into
the proper position for being printed while the operation of the lever in the reverse
direction lowers the type wheel until another row of figures or letters is in position.
By means of a spring in the lever and notches in the frame with which it engages
several rings of type may be brought into the required position. This lever is
also connected by an arm with the spacing arrangement before described a notch
being provided in the arm so as to operate more or less upon the stepped lever
before described and thus allow the pivotted pawl to take a greater or lesser travel
as may be by reason of the capitals or small fetters being printed.
The centre revolving spindle may be operated by a treadle and band acting upon
a pulley fixed to the lower end of the revolving spindle or this central spindle
which operates the machine may be actuated by a hand wheel geared to it by
bevil wheels or by a clock spring or other motive power as may be convenient or
required.
Any convenient inking arrangement may be used such as a pad mounted upon a
spring and fixed to the framework of the machine so as to press lightly against the
type wheel as it revolves and an arrangement may be provided by the automatic
supply of ink to the pad in the required quantity.
In applying my invention to the setting of type, I prefer to form the type loose
in the type wheel and substitute electro-typer's paste for the paper, in which case
in place of the type wheel being pushed forward each letter would be sharply
punched forward by the bent and jointed rod into the paste leaving therein the
impression which would afterwards be treated in a similar way to that in which the
impressions from ordinary type are now treated.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and more easily carried
into practice I have appended hereunto nine double-sized sheets of drawings upon
which I have fully illustrated the nature and working of my said improvements.
Figure 1., is a front elevation of the writer with the front part of the frame
broken away to shew the internal mechanism.
Figure 2., is a complete vertical cross section through the writer.
Figure 3., is a front elevation of the framework of the machine, without the
internal mechanism.
Figure 4., is a cross vertical section throug hFigure 3.

page_text: Figure 3., is a plan of same.
Figure 6., shews a plan of various parts of the writer at A. B. and C Figure 2.
Figure 7., is a plan of the keyboard.
Figure 8., is a part plan
mechanism of the writer.
shewing the paper carriage and part of the internal
Figure 9., is a sectional elevation through the driving mechanism.
Figure 10., is a sectional elevation through the cam arrangement.
Figure 11., is a plan of same.
Figure 12., is an elevation of the catch to same.
Figure 13., is a front elevation of the paper carriage.
Figure 14., is a cross sectional elevation of same.
Figure 15., is a plan of same.
The general framework of the machine is self-contained and consists in the
present example of the angle iron frame 85, tubular stay 86, with bed plate 82.,
and main pillars 79 supporting the bottom key plate 75, the said framework being
pivotted at 85 at each end of the paper carriage slide support so as to allow of
being turned up for the easy examination of the mechanism. Above the bottom
key plate 75 the top key plate 74 is provided having a number of finger keys 110
mounted to slide vertically therein the stems of which pass through the bottom key
plate 75 the intermediate space containing the arrangement of springs for retaining
the finger keys in the required position as follows:-Fixed to the plate 75 on one
or both sides the key are the vertical springs 112 the bottom ends of which are
secured to the plate 75 in such a manner as to give liberty of spring at the top
which receive the one end of the toggle or strut 113 the other end of which rests in
the notch formed in the stem of the key in such a manner that the key is kept up
by a strut or toggle 113 but upon the key being depressed the one end of the strut
which rests in the notch is carried down thus causing the toggle to press out the
spring 112 until the toggle 113 is inclined downwards from the spring to the stem
the key 110 being thus kept either up or down steadily in position until actuated in
the reverse direction.
Below the lower plate 75 and connected to the stem 110 of each key the arm 110'
is provided which arm runs radially towards the central vertical revolving spindle 1
and the depression of one of these arms 110° by means of the key above causes it
to engage with the catch 3, Figures 10, 11, and 12 which is fixed upon the sleeve 2
this sleeve being mounted upon the central spindle 1 and rotating with it until the
catch 3 is engaged by the end of one of the arms 110b which may have been
depressed by the finger key above it. The catch is formed by the crank lever 3
which is pivotted at 3" and which upon becoming engaged with a key arm 110°
depresses the catch or stop 4 sufficiently for it to become engaged with one of the
slots formed in the stop ring 8 which slots are respectively arranged and fixed
under each key arm. Upon the rotating catch support 4 the roller or rollers 5 are
mounted and work in the grooved cam formed on the centre revolving spindle 1
the two revolving together, by means of a slot formed on the underside of the cam
with which a spring projection on the catch support engages until the catch is
stopped in its travel and the spring projection on the catch support being thereby
depressed releases the cam which continues to revolve and thereby depresses the
sleeve 2. The normal position of the roller is at the top of the groove in the cam
by reason of the slots, which receive the projection on the cam being arranged at a
point under the top part of the cam road and the projection being arranged under
the roller. Upon the sleeve 2 a pulley, toothed, or cog wheel 2° is fixed which
gears with the intermediate spur 12 or is connected by a chain with the toothed
wheel 25 which is mounted upon the type cylinder spindle 26 which bears the type.
wheel 33 having one two or more rows of type a, b, & c, around its circum-
ference. This vertical shaft is mounted to revolve in the frame 27 which is
horizontally pivotted and has the one end 10ª of the toggle or jointed rod 10 & 11
Figure 8 butting against it the other end 11ª of the toggle butting against the
framework of the machine or against an adjustable screw formed to receive it.

page_text: This toggle 10 & 11 being bent up at the centre near the spindle as shewn so as to
bear against the underside of the rotating stop support 4* depressed by the fall
of the said stop support 4ª which is caused by the grooved cam 1 as before described.
The straightening of the toggle or bent arm thus depresses the type wheel 33 over
into a position to print one of the letters upon the paper 34 which is placed in the
carriage to receive it as shewn in Figure 2 and as afterwards described and in which
position the whole of the writing can be seen immediately after having been written.
At the back of the paper a rubber pad is provided to receive the pressure of the
type and is mounted in the support 115 which is made adjustable in the support 114
so as to allow of the pressure of the type being adjusted as may be required in
manifold writing. A shield plate 31" is mounted on the frame 31 which is pivoted
to the rocking frame pivot so as to press against the paper. At the time of printing
an aperture being provided in the plate 31 sufficiently large for the letter to be
printed through on to the paper against the pad.
Upon any convenient part of the type cylinder such as the internal edge 33" or
the pinion or pulley operating it V-notches or teeth are provided and spaced to
suit the letters and with which the knife edge 71 engages as the type wheel 33 is
pressed forward by the operation of the bent arm 10 & 11 by which means the
letter on the type cylinder is brought into an exactly correct position for printing
and any fear of back lash is thereby removed. After the letter has been printed
the grooved cam 1 raises the stop or catch 3 again until the bolt 4 on the stop
support is clear of the slot in the stop ring 8 and at the same time the head of the
catch 3 strikes the finger key arm 110 and thus raises the finger key to its former
position the head of the catch or step lever 3 being then slightly in advance of its
position when striking the arm so as to rise immediately under the arm 110" and
raise the key this being effected by the spring 7 Figure 12 which being compressed
by the force of the catch 3 striking the arm 110b afterwards recovers itself when
clear of the arm. This sleeve 2 is raised into its normal position by the continued
action of the cam 1 and is balanced by a spiral or other suitable spring 1ª and the
shaft 26 upon which the type wheel 33 is mounted is brought into a perpendicular
position after the printing of each letter by any suitable spring which also forces up
the jointed rod or toggle 10 & 11 into its normal position ready for the next stroke.
One mode of propelling the carriage is by means of a weight or spring and for
regulating the travel of the carriage for the proper differential spacing of the letters
the collars 2 and 2 are provided upon the central sleeve the collar being divided
up and each division cut away on its underside as seen in Figure 1 more or less as
may be required for the size of the letter which is being written so that the action
of the sleeve 2 as before described differentially operates the carriage by any
suitable intermediate mechanism as for instance by the following arrangement in
which the lever 48 is lowered more or less as may be by the division of the collar
by which it is depressed the toothed rack 90 Figure 13 being provided upon the
carriage &c., with which the feed pinion 38 engages and upon the shaft 35 to which
this pinion is attached the escape wheel 36 is mounted as afterwards described with
which the bottom escapement pawl 44 engages to prevent it from turning until such
time as the collar on the centre sleeve is depressed which allows the top escape-
ment pawl 43 to be depressed by the spring 43ª Figure 1 until it engages with the
top of the escape wheel 36 which is retained in position while the bottom escape-
ment pawl 44 is depressed sufficiently clear of the teeth to turn upon the pivot 43"
a distance regulated by the depression of the differential stop lever 48 which allows
the differential feed bolt 45 and with it the bottom escapement pawl 44 to travel a
more or less distance before again engaging with the escape wheel 36. As soon as
the collar on the sleeve 2 rises the bottom pawl 44 is lifted with it and engages
with a tooth as much in advance of that with which it was previously engaged as
the step in the lever 48 will admit of the rising of the collar also disengaging the
top escapement pawl 43 which allows the weight or spring to draw the carriage
some distance until the pivotted bottom escapement pawl 44 carries the head 45°
Figure 1 of the escape feed bolt 45 against the adjustable stop 45' which prevents

page_text: the escapement wheel from turning further and consequently the carriage from
travelling further. This screw stop 45 by which the bottom escapement pawl is
stopped is made adjustable the amount required to alter the travel of the carriage
one or more teeth of the wheel thus enabling the operator to increase or decrease
the space between each letter without touching the spacing key.
To allow the carriage to be brought back after having travelled to the extent of
the slide the horizontal shaft 35 is mounted so as to revolve in a reverse direction
independantly of the tooth wheel 36 with which the pivotted escapement pawl
engages which escape wheel then remains stationary while the carriage travels
backwards but upon the escape wheel being operated in the opposite direction the
shaft revolves with it by means of the ratchet wheel 35° on the shaft 35 and a pawl
on the escape wheel 36 and thus the carriage is propelled in a forward direction.
The carriage Figures 13, 14, & 15 is mounted to travel upon the carrying rod 87
upon which it is pivotted sufficiently to allow of the rack 90 being laterally 'dis-
engaged from the feed pinion 38 which actuates it thus allowing the carriage to be
carried along in either direction by hand without operating the keys by which
means the writing can be readily examined and by means of a pointer fixed to any
convenient part of the framework of the machine just above where the letter would
be written the carriage can be again as readily re-set in its proper position. To
prevent the rack 90 of the carriage from becoming out of gear with the feed
pinion 38 when at work the rack guide 109 is provided having a stem mounted in
the socket 109* formed on the bed of the machine with an intermediate coiled
spring which pressing against the rack has the tendancy to keep it in gear with the
pinion 38 the spring allowing sufficient lateral freedom for the disengaging of the
carriage by hand.
The carriage is automatically returned after each line has been completed by
means of the reversing spur wheel 37 which receives its motion through the
reversing spur pinion from the reversing shaft 42 which in turn receives its motion
when in operation from the reversing bevil wheel 41 gearing into the bevil teeth
on the fly wheel 20. This reversing mechanism is thrown in and out of action with
the bevil wheel by the clutch 40 which is automatically operated by the crank
lever 58 the end 58 of which is raised by the tappet 104 on the one end of the
carriage and is depressed under a catch by the reversing tappet 105 on the other
end of the carriage which throws the reversing mechanism into operation until
the carriage has returned when the end 58* is released from the catch by the
tappet 104 and the clutch is thrown out of gear again as before described. To
prevent the smearing of the last letter by the automatic reversing of the carriage
before the type has obtained a clearance of the paper the pin 40" is attached to the
clutch and the pin 42ª to the reversing shaft and a coiled spring is provided at
sufficient strength to always draw the clutch to the position shewn in Figure 2 so
that when the clutch 40 engages with the bevil wheel 41 it makes one revolution
before it commences to operate the shaft 42 inasmuch as the pin 40ª rotates once
before coming in contact with the pin 42ª and as soon as the clutch becomes dis-
engaged from the bevil wheel 41 the fine spring turns the clutch back into its
former position ready for the next reversing movement.
For feeding the paper on to the carriage the two rolls 97 & 98 are provided and
run the whole length of the carriage being geared together at one end by toothed
wheels while at the other end the ratchet wheel 93 is provided having the lever 95
carrying the pawl 96 by which means the rolls may be revolved. The edge of
the paper 34 being inserted within the grip of the rolls it is only necessary to
operate the ratchet lever which revolves the rolls and carries the paper down
into the required position the erasure platform 101 being provided against which
that part of the paper written on lies in view thus enabling correction to be
easily made. The teeth on the ratchet 93 are so spaced as to render it easy to
raise the paper just the required distance for the next line of writing and is
operated automatically at the end of each line by the inclined plane 116 Figure 8
B

page_text: which, as the carriage returns, raises the lever 95 and pawl 96 the required
distance to revolve the rolls and raise the paper for the next line.
For switching the character of the letters from capital to small or to figures the
lever 56 is provided to be operated by hand and is connected with the bottom of
the vertical type cylinder spindle 26 by means of the lifting lever 59 so that as the
lever 56 is operated in one direction the type cylinder 33 is raised so as to bring
the required row of type into the proper position for being printed while the
operation of the said lever 56 in the other direction lowers the type-wheel until
another row of letters or figures are in position for printing and this movement of
the type cylinder is effected without interfering with the position of the tooth
wheel 25 which is supported independantly which causes the type cylinder to
revolve by reason of the square shaped spindle upon which it is mounted. By
means of a spring pressure of the lever 56 against the top of the machine in which
notches are formed the various positions at which the lever should be placed for the
various rows of type is readily indicated. This lever 56 is also connected with the
differential stop lever 48 by which means it is carried under either the ring 2" or 2
on the sleeve 2 as may be required for the difference in spacing by reason of the
capitals or small letters being written.
For the purpose of raising any keys accidentally depressed the lifting ring 62 is
provided under the arms 110b of the keys the lever 57 being connected with it by
which means any one, or all of the keys may be lifted without writing the letters
and this lifting ring 62 is connected with the lever 58° so that when the said lever
is depressed by the tappet 105 as before described the lifting ring 62 is raised
sufficiently to lift any keys which may then be down or that may be accidentally
depressed during the return journey by which means the writing of a letter during
the return journey of the carriage is prevented.
The centre revolving spindle 1 may be operated from a treadle by the stirrup
pullies 19 which are fixed to the driving shaft 14. Upon this driving shaft the
sleeves 18 are mounted and are operated by means of a ball ratchet 22 on each side
of the spindle the ratchets being so arranged as to operate in the reverse directions
so that no matter which way the driving shaft 14 revolves the fly wheel 20 always
revolves in the one direction which is effected by means of the bevil wheels 17
which are attached to the ball ratchet sleeves and which gear into the bevil wheel
attached to the fly-wheel 20 or the centre spindle may be revolved by a hand wheel
or clock spring or other motive power as may be convenient or required.
Any convenient inking arrangement may be used such as shewn where the pad 69
inks the type cylinder and is raised through the lever 68 by the rocking of the type
cylinder frame until it touches the band on the inking roller, 64 which band passes
around the plain roller 66 to the finger ink roller 65.
I may vary the details of the various motions considerably as for instance I may
dispense with the weight or its equivalent spring for the propelling of the carriage
during the writing and obtain the movement of the carriage from the revolving of
the centre spindle 1 the depression of the sleeve 2 or the rocking of the type
cylinder frame which may be easily effected as will be readily understood by a
ratchet wheel revolved by the depression of a pawl or pawls by the collar aforesaid
by which a worm rod is revolved more or less which rod engages with a half nut on
the carriage which is thus propelled the required distance at each depression of the
collar. The half nut will allow of being disengaged from the rod from the
independant movement of the carriage. In place of mounting the keys in the toggle
and upright spring they may be supported in a diaphragni with the same result.
Having now fully described my improvements, the advantages will be seen to
consist of light-fingering with a regular pressure on the type when writing which
pressure may be adjusted, the differential spacing of the letters and the adjust-
ment of the space between said letters, the automatic return of the carriage
together with the automatic raising of the paper for the next line of writing
thus leaving the operator at liberty at the end of each line to read up for

page_text: another line without loss of time and the mode of altering from capital to small
or figures by which the capital and small letters are represented by the one key
thus reducing the number and complication of a double lot of keys and the whole
of the writing being in view.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
-
1st The improvements in type writers consisting of the spring and toggle for
mounting the finger keys so that they may be operated to rest on each side of the
point of balance substantially such as herein set forth and shewn upon the drawings.
2nd-In improvements in type writers the particular mode of and means for
stopping the type and holding it in position while the writing is being effected
consisting of the stop spring 4 on sleeve 2 in combination with the stop ring 8
and rocking movement of the centreing teeth of the type cylinder against the fixed
knife edge 71 substantially such as herein set forth and shewn upon the drawings.
3rd-In improvements in type writers the crosshead on sleeve 2 and type
cylinder 33 mounted in a rocking frame with intermediate toggle arm 10 & 11
for pressing the type against the paper substantially such as herein set forth and
shewn.
4th In type writers the graduated descending collars 2ª and 2° for actuating
the carriage in a forward direction by which the differential spacing of the letters
is obtained, substantially such as herein set forth and shewn.
5th-In type writers the stepped lever 48 and bar 45 with adjustable
screw 45 for adjusting the spacing of the letters, substantially as herein set forth
and described.
6th-In type writers the reversing motion with clutch operated by the writing
of the last letter of the line for automatically carrying the carriage back for the
commencement of a fresh line and with lifting ring 62 operated and substantially
such as herein set forth and shewn.
7th In type writers the paper carriage consisting of the rolls 97 & 98 with
pawl and ratchet for operating the paper with and without the paper lifting
incline 116 for automatically lifting the paper for a fresh line substantially such as
herein set forth and shewn.
8th In type writers the means for disconnecting the paper carriage from the
propelling pinion to allow of the carriage being removed for the inspection of the
writing in combination with a pointer for indicating the position for refixing it,
substantially as hercin set forth and shewn upon the drawing.
9th-In type writers the particular mode of changing to capital, small or
figures, whereby the same set of finger keys are used for large and small letters
and figures, substantially as herein set forth and shewn.
10th In type writers the means for adjusting the pressure upon the paper in
case of manifold writing, substantially as herein set forth and shewn upon the
drawings.
:
11th In type writers the mode of automatically raising the finger keys after
they are depressed by the tappet 3 and spring 7, substantially as herein set forth
and shewn.
12th-The improvements in type setting machines of the means for setting the
type, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
13th The improvements in type writers and matrix making machines,
substantially such as and for the purpose herein set forth and shewn upon the
accompanying nine sheets of drawings.
GEORGE BARKER,
77, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.