IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISH-HOOKS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bindley, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISH-HOOKS."
Sealed the 12th March 1867, and dated the 14th September 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bindley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petitionbnd the 14th
September 1866.
I, JOHN BINDLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISH-HOOKS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention has reference to machinery to be used in the operations of
feeding, straightening, cutting into lengths, pointing, barbing, and either
flattening, or crimping, or bowing the wires to be afterwards bent and formed
into fish-hooks. The wire being placed in bundle upon a swift or reel is
passed through a series of in-and-out rolls arranged horizontally upon a table.
by the passage between which rolls it is straightened; it is then taken hold of
by pliers and carried into a guide tube to which a guage is attached with a
cutter to sever the proper length, which then passes on to the periphery of a
roller grooved in the direction of its axis, each groove receiving a length, and
thence each length is conveyed into contact with revolving float files, the axes
Price Sd.1

page_text: of which are at right angles to that of the grooved roller by which the points
are produced. The blanks or lengths are maintained in their positions in the
grooves by a steel band, and thus by the revolution of the roller a sun-and-
planet motion is maintained by the roller and the blanks, which are thereby
caused to revolve in contact with the files, and thus form the points; the blanks
are then conveyed on to a table, to which a slide is affixed carrying a knife,
which is caused to descend in a reciprocating chisel motion by a cam or
eccentric and thus to form the barb; the blanks are then carried to an anvil
upon which the ends for the gut are flattened or crimped, as the case may be,
by suitable tools working by cam or eccentric from the main shaft of the
machine. The machine is of the table description, arranged upon trestles or
standards, and the several motions are given by means of cams or eccentrics
from a main shaft driven by pulleys, wheels, or other convenient gear.
instead of flattening or crimping the blanks are required to be bowed, the
operation is performed by a small pair of pliers or grips revolving from a
connecting rod working upon the same main shaft of the machine, which
pliers so soon as the blank comes from the barbing tool take hold of
it and turn round the top end into a loop or bow. The blanks are then
ready for the operations of bending and setting, which completes the fish-hooks.
If
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Bindley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
March 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. JOHN
BINDLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Bindley, Her special licence that I, the said John Bindley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as i, the said John
Bindley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY

page_text: OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FISH-HOOKS," upon the
condition, amongst others, that I, the said John Bindley, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bindley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention has reference to machinery to be used in the operations of
feeding, straightening, cutting into lengths, pointing, barbing, and either
flattening or crimping the wires to be afterwards bent and formed into fish-
hooks. The wire being placed in bundle upon a swift or reel is passed through
a series of in-and-out rolls or pins arranged horizontally upon a table, by the
passage between which rolls it is straightened; it is then taken hold of by
pliers and carried into a guide tube, near to which a guage is attached with
a cutter above it to sever, the proper length, which then passes on to the
periphery of a roller grooved in the direction of its axis, each groove receiving
a length, and thence each length is conveyed into contact with revolving float
files, the axes of which are at right angles to that of the grooved roller by
which the points are produced. The blanks or lengths are maintained in
their position in the grooves by a steel band, and thus by the revolution of the
roller a sun-and-planet motion is maintained by the roller and the blanks
which are thereby caused to revolve in, contact with the files and thus form
the points; the blanks are then conveyed on to a table, to which a slide is
affixed carrying a knife, which is caused to descend in a reciprocating chisel
motion by a cam or eccentric and thus to form the barb; the blanks are then
carried to an anvil, upon which the ends for the gut are flattened or crimped,
as the case may be, by suitable tools working by cam or eccentric from the
main shaft of the machine. The machine is of the table description, arranged
upon tressels or standards, and the several motions are given by means of cams
or eccentrics from a main shaft driven by pulley wheels or other convenient
gear.
I will now proceed to describe my Invention more fully in detail and by
the aid of the annexed Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of
my improved machinery or apparatus Figure 2 a side elevation of the same

page_text: and Figure 3 a plan as seen from above. Similar letters of reference refer
to similar parts in all the Drawings."
.:
(a, c) are cast-iron standards or supports, connected together by means of
bolted stay or cross pieces where requisite, and which standards 'or supports
thus form a framework for carrying all the working' parts of 'the machine
together with their respective bearings. (b) is the main driving shaft, upon
one end of which are mounted the fast and loose pullies (c) giving motion
to the machine through the medium of a band passing upwards to a travelling
shaft; upon the other end of the shaft (b) a fly wheel (d) is attached for the
purpose of communicating motion by means of a band. to a pulley (e) driving
a second shaft (), and this shaft (f) by means of a fly wheel (g) and strap
actuates the small pulley (h), which being fixed upon the same axis as the
float files () gives the latter their rotating motion herein-after to be described.
() is the shaft carrying the roller (k) grooved in the direction of its axis,
and a second roller (1) works within the roller (k), and has a sunken groove
around its circumference, this roller (1) works by means of the impact of the
periphery of a third steel roller (m) upon the periphery of the roller (1),
giving it a circular motion. The shaft () has upon its furthermost end a cog
pinion (n) working in a worm-grooved roller (o) fixed upon the main
shaft (b), and towards the centre of the shaft () another toothed wheel (p)
is attached, engaging with its pinion (q), which pinion is fixed on the
shaft (r) carrying the third steel roller (m); thus motion is imparted to the
grooved roller (k) by the pinion (n) and worm-grooved roller (o), and again
the cog wheel (p) with its attendant pinion (q) actuate the third steel
roller (m), while it is evident that all axes described' are travelling together
and at one time.
.
The positions of the several driving shafts having been ascertained all the
remaining working parts of the machinery will be described as they occur in
the various operations for which they are employed.
The first process is that of straightening the wire of which the fish-hooks
are ultimately to be formed, which is accomplished by a series of in and out
rolls or pins (s), through which the wire is passed from a bundle upon a reel
or swift, and these pins are arranged horizontally upon a table or projecting
arm (t) which is secured to a bracket or casting (u), and they are capable of
being set or adjusted by a series of screw pegs (v) projecting on either side
of the arm (t). Upon the bracket (u) is bolted a dovetail slide box (w), and
upon the slide (w³) is fixed a small standard (2) with a hole through it,
through which the wire passes, and is then received by a pair of pliers (y, v¹),
the one (y) being secured rigidly to the slide (w'), whilst the other ('),

page_text: although held to the slide, is capable of moving in or outwards, and has an
arm which extends to meet a bar (a') to which it is connected by means of a
set pin; this bar (a¹) passes or works through a slot formed in an upright
standard (a), and from thence it curves upwards and is formed with a wide
slot which is for the purpose of sliding upon an axis upon the main shaft (b),
and the rear end of this bar (a') is formed to receive an adjustable roller (a³).
Upon the main shaft (b) is fixed an eccentric (a), which when revolving
actuates the bar (a) and consequently the slide (w') by its coming in contact
with the roller (a) sliding it and the bar (a) backwards to the extent of its
throw, which action also contracts the pliers (y and y¹) inwards, causing them
to hold tightly the advancing wire whilst the motion of the slide (w¹) pulls
the wire through the pins (s), thus effectually straightening it. The sliding
bar (a) is brought forward into its normal position by means of a spring (a³)
fixed to the framework of the machine, releasing the moveable plier (y¹) from
its hold upon the wire thus advanced, and bringing it back together with the
slide (w). The next movement of the slide and pliers (y and y') will advance
the wire another degree equal, in fact, to the length of a blank, according to
the guage required and fixed; in this movement the wire passes into and
through a guide tube (b') and enters the slide (b), which is mounted up from
a casting upon the framework of the machine; it is at this instant that the
cutting or severing of a blank from the wire takes place; this is effected by.
a chisel-edged cutting tool set in a suitable holder (63), both of which are
shewn detached in an enlarged view at Figure 4. This tool holder (b³) is
connected to a horizontal bar (b) moving upon a fulcrum (65) and actuated
by the cam (66) fixed upon the main shaft (b), by the revolving of which
cam (b) the one end of the bar (b) is raised, thus forcing down the other
end upon which the tool or cutter is fixed, which descends between the guide
tube (b) and fixed slide or guage (62) and severs the wire, when the cam (66)
having passed beyond the limit of its throw, the bar (b) assumes its position
of rest by reason of the end nearest the cam (b) being heavier than the other;
this produces a tilt action on the cutter. The blanks thus severed fall into
the grooves of the grooved roller (k) which is in motion, and are passed on by
the rotary movement of the roller to the process of filing the points, being
kept in their positions in the grooves by a steel band passing around the under
half periphery of the roller (k).
The process of pointing the blanks is performed by the float files () which
revolve at the rate of 3050 per minute, or thereabouts, and they are mounted
within an adjustable bracket (c'), which may be raised or lowered at will by
the screws (c). As the roller (k) revolves so also the inner steel roller (1),

page_text: in contact with the third roller (m) is revolving, which motion causes the
blanks which are being brought towards the files by the roller (k) to rotate
quickly within the grooves, and as the ends to be filed come in contact with
the float files (i) such ends are by these various motions filed equally round
and with spiral points; thus pointed the continuing revolution of the roller (k)
brings up the pointed blanks to the level of a table or flat receiving surface
(d), and as each wire comes up it is taken hold of by a hooked rod (d),
shewn more clearly in a part section Figure 5, which rod is actuated by a
horizontal bar (d³) working inwards and outwards upon a fulcrum (d) by
means of a tappet projection (d) upon a roller (d) which is fixed upon the
main shaft (b). As the roller (d) revolves, the tappet (d) upon its surface
forces outwards that end of the bar (d³) nearest to it, thus causing the other
end to which the forked rod (d) is attached to move inwards until the end
of the hook shall be in the groove upon the inner steel roller (1), thus
enabling the hook part to ride over the advancing wire and withdraw it from
its groove, whilst the bar (d) takes back the hooked rod (2) by the force of
a vertical spring (d) which so soon as the tappet (d) shall have passed the
end of the bar (d³) presses it inwards, a second hook is formed upon the rod
(d) which is for the purpose of conveying the landed wires on to the
operation of barbing, which is performed by a tool of the form shewn in
Figures 5 and 6 marked (e¹), which tool is fixed in a holder upon a bar (e)
working by means of an eccentric or cam (e) upon the main shaft (b); this
bar (e) works out of the horizontal plane slanting towards the table (d') so
that the motion of the cam (e³) advances the bar (e), bringing down the end
of the barbing tool (e¹) upon the wire or pointed blank, cutting or nicking the
required barb upon its surface, the bar (e) being retired by the action of a
spiral spring (e*). The wires thus barbed are removed to a groove upon the
same table (d) to be flattened or crimped, as the case may be, at their blunt
ends for the affixing of the gut; for this purpose a bar (f) working up and
down upon a fulcrum () and actuated by a cam roller (f) is brought into
operation, having upon its foremost end a tool holder (f) for receiving a
flattening or crimping tool, thus forming a species of tilt hammer, and the tool
being situate immediately over the end of the blank when lying in the groove
upon the anvil or table (d¹) the action of the cam (3) raises the tool or
hammer, and the cam (f) having passed the bar (f) allows it suddenly to
fall and strike the end of the blank and produce the desired form; this action
is materially assisted by the helical force of a spring (f). The blanks
thus operated upon are then ready for bending and setting, which complete the
fish-hooks.

page_text: Figure 7 is intended to illustrate the blanks after the various processes
described. No. 1 is the blank as severed from the wire; 2, shewing it after
having been, pointed; 3 is the blank when barbed; 4, the blank with the
blunt end flattened; and 5, after a similar operation has been performed but
with a crimping tool.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be carried into effect, I claim, without limiting myself to the
precise details of the various parts as herein described and illustrated, the
arrangement and combination of the several mechanical parts, tools, and
appliances into machinery or apparatus to be employed in the manufacture
of fish-hooks, substantially as herein more fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bindley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JOHN BINDLEY. (L.S.)