in telegraph insulators, and appliances for suspending wires on aerial telegraphs
Year: 1888

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 6th day of July, 1889, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
GEORGE FOWLER 100 The Rye Peckham in the County of Surrey Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements in telegraph insulators, and appliances for suspending wires on
aerial telegraphs have references. to insulators and appliances for use on aerial
telegraphs and the better suspension of telegraph wires and consist in rendering such
insulators moveable and adjustable and so serving to keep the telegraph wire with
which they are used at uniform tension or nearly so, and counteract the contraction
and expansion of such wire consequent upon the changes in temperature and from
other causes.
The improvements may be performed by making the insulators of porcelain or other
convenient non conductor of electricity within which is placed a metal spring of power
suitable to the length and weight of wire between the insulators, extremes of climate
and other causes, one end of such spring being attached to an axle or pin running
partly through and supporting the insulator which may be lined with metal, the other
to the inside of the insulator or metal lining.
The telegraph wire is fastened round the outside or other convenient part of the
insulator loop fashion, or singly in which case an insulator is placed on each side of
the pole and the current, joined by means of a connection worked on a pivot in a ball
socket (or otherwise) on the top of the insulator, and coiled round a certain number
of times depending upon the distance apart of the insulators, weight of wire, probable
extremes of temperature, force of wind, or other causes; each insulator and its spring
may be made to act alternally to the right and to the left and for the purposes of
adjusting is partly wound up in the proper direction and temporarily fixed by means
of a bolt or stop attached to the axle or other convenient part made to shoot into the
base or other convenient part of the insulator.

page_text: Sometimes for convenience or to make the action of the insulator more sensitive a
chain or separate wire may be used for coiling round the insulator and to its end
or ends the telegraph wire may be attached in lieu of coiling the telegraph wire
itself.
Dated this 30th day of January One thousand eight hundred and eighty eight.
Improvements in Telegraph Insulators and Appliances for
Suspending Wires on Aerial Telegraphs.
I, GEORGE FOWLER of 100 The Rye, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
on aerial
The Improvements in telegraph insulators and appliances for suspending wires on
aerial telegraphs, have reference to insulators and appliances for use
telegraphs, and the better suspending of telegraph wires.
The improvements consist in rendering such insulators movable and adjustable.
The insulators also serve to keep the telegraph wire with which they are used, at a
uniform tension or nearly so, and counteract the contraction and expansion of such
wires due to changes in temperature and other causes.
In the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an insulator fitted
according to this invention.
Fig. 2 a side elevation showing the winding of the wire.
Fig. 3 an underside plan, and
Fig. 4 a horizontal section of the same.
In these figures, A is the insulator made of porcelain or other convenient non-
conductor of electricity, and formed with an upper downwardly projecting flange A¹
serving to protect the wire from wet. The lower part of the insulator is formed with
a double pendent lip A² for the purpose of preventing any moisture "creeping" up
towards the wire and so destroying the insulation.
At or near the centre of the length of the insulator is formed a rib A³, in which
notches a³ at opposite sides thereof are made, for the purpose of attaching the wires ;
as will be hereafter more fully described.
The insulator A is cylindrical in cross section, and is fitted internally with a metal
case B containing a spring C. The free end of this spring is securely attached to the

page_text: metal case B by rivetting or otherwise the other end being bent at right angles and
inserted in a slot d in the supporting pin D of the insulator (see Fig. 4).
81
The lower plate b of the metal case B is made with lateral projections & fitting into
corresponding slots a in the internal wall of the lip A². Notches are also formed in
the lower part of the cylindrical portion of the case B to fit the projections 1 of the
plate b.
Thus when the whole is fitted in place, the insulator with its case will be free to
turn in either direction on its pin D (which enters the top plate 62 of the case B and
supports the insulator) subject to the controlling action of the spring C. This spring
is calculated to be of sufficient power to overcome the weight of a length of wire
between one insulator and another, and also to counteract expansion & contraction of
the wire caused by extremes of climate, pressure of wind, and other causes: thus
when properly adjusted the insulators will maintain the wire at a uniform or nearly
uniform tension.
The supporting pin D is squared where it enters the arm E of the telegraph post,
and passes through a square plate e on this arm, to which it is further secured by a
nut, and so prevented from turning.
In attaching the wire to the insulator, a loop is first made in the wire and inserted
into one of the notches in the rib A3 of the insulator. The two ends of the, wire
are then wound one on either side of the rib A³, round the insulator in the same
direction as the spring Cis coiled, until the notch a³ on the opposite side of the
insulator is reached. At this point the two ends of the wire are crossed one over the
other and the winding continued until a sufficient number of coils have been wound
on the insulator.
The number of coils will depend upon the distance apart of the insulators, the
weight of wire to be carried, the probable extremes of temperature, force of wind and
other causes.
The above described method of winding is shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing, and
Fig. 5 shows a hank of wire wound in a similar manner, but detached from the
insulator.
This method of winding the wire is specially adapted to turning corners in the line
of wire, and obviates the necessity for shackles as at present used for that purpose: as
the wire may be led off at any angle from the insulator, as shown in the plan view
Fig. 6.
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 show respectively in vertical section, underside plan and cross
section, an insulator of slightly different construction.
In this example the flange A' is reduced in size, and the double pendent lip A²
elongated.
In this form of insulator the cylindrical portion of the metal case B is removed, but
the top plate 62 and the bottom plate with its lateral projections & are retained for
the purpose above described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4.
In this example, the supporting pin D is squared where it enters the insulator, and
one end of the spring C is inade to fit this square end of the pin D. The free end of
the spring being turned at right angles to enter a slot a formed in the internal
diameter of the body of the insulator A. The top plate 62 is preferably cemented or
otherwise secured to the insulator A, the spring C and bottom plate are then placed
in position on the supporting pin D, and inserted into the insulator A, care being
taken that the bent end of the spring C enters the slot a* formed in the wall of the
insulator. The bottom plate bis then cemented or otherwise secured in place: when
the insulator will be free to turn on the pin D with the two plates and under
control of the spring C: the plate b resting on a-flange formed on the pin D, and the
plate 6 on the squared portion of the said pin.
The supporting pin D is secured to the arm E in a similar manner to that described
n the first arrangement.
The winding of the wire in this form of insulator is precisely similar to that before
lescribed.

page_text: Where two insulators are used on either side of the telegraph post, one end of each
length of wire is (instead of being looped to the insulators) wound singly round each
insulator, the requisite number of times, the ends being secured to the tops of the
insulators, and connected together by a clip.
Sometimes for convenience, or to make the action of the insulator more sensitive, a
chain or separate flexible wire may be used for coiling round the insulator, the
telegraph wire being attached to its ends, in lieu of coiling the telegraph.wire
itself.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The construction of movable and adjustable telegraph insulators as shown and
described and for the purpose set forth, the insulators as completed being shewn in
Figures 1, 2 and 7 and detailed parts being shewn in the other figures of the annexed
drawings.
2. The adaptation to movable and adjustable telegraph insulators-such as are
herein described of a spring in the manner and for the purpose above set forth.
3. The manner above described of coiling the line wire on movable and adjustable
telegraph-insulators for the purpose above set forth.
Dood : 2011
1000

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 29th Jan., 1889
Improvements in Telegraph Insulators and Appliances for
Suspending Wires on Aerial Telegraphs.
GEORGE FOWLER 100 The Rye Peckham in the County of Surrey Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements in telegraph insulators, and appliances for suspending wires on
aerial telegraphs have references to insulators and appliances for use on aerial
telegraphs and the better suspension of telegraph wires and consist in rendering such
insulators moveable and adjustable and so serving to keep the telegraph wire with
which they are used at uniform tension or nearly so, and counteract the contraction
and expansion of such wire consequent upon the changes in temperature and from
other causes.
The improvements may be performed by making the insulators of porcelain or other
convenient non conductor of electricity within which is placed a metal spring of power
suitable to the length and weight of wire between the insulators, extreines of climate
and other causes, one end of such spring being attached to an axle or pin running
partly through and supporting the insulator which may be lined with metal, the other
to the inside of the insulator or metal lining.
The telegraph wire is fastened round the outside or other convenient part of the
insulator loop fashion, or singly in which case an insulator is placed on each side of
the pole and the current, joined by means of a connection worked on a pivot in a ball
socket (or otherwise) on the top of the insulator, and coiled round a certain number
of times depending upon the distance apart of the insulators, weight of wire, probable
extremes of temperature, force of wind, or other causes; each insulator and its spring
may be made to act alternally to the right and to the left and for the purposes of
adjusting is partly wound up in the proper direction and temporarily fixed by means
of a bolt or stop attached to the axle or other convenient part made to shoot into the
base or other convenient part of the insulator.

page_text: Sometimes for convenience or to make the action of the insulator more sensitive a
chain or separate wire may be used for coiling round the insulator and to its end
or ends the telegraph wire may be attached in lieu of coiling the telegraph wire
itself.
Dated this 30th day of January One thousand eight hundred and eighty eight.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Telegraph Insulators and Appliances for
Suspending Wires on Aerial Telegraphs.
1; GEORGE FOWLER of 100 The Rye, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be. performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
.following statement:
'
The Improvements in telegraph insulators and appliances for suspending wires on
aerial telegraphs, have reference to insulators and appliances for use
telegraphs, and the better suspending of telegraph wires."
on aerial
The improvements consist in rendering such insulators movable and adjustable.
The insulators also serve to keep the telegraph wire with which they are used, at a
uniform tension or nearly so, and counteract the contraction and expansion of such
wires due to changes in temperature and other causes.
In the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an insulator fitted
according to this invention.
Fig. 2 a side elevation showing the winding of the wire.
Fig. 3 an underside plan, and
Fig. 4 a horizontal section of the same.
In these figures, A is the insulator made of porcelain or other convenient non-
conductor of electricity, and formed with an upper downwardly projecting flange A¹
_ serving to protect the wire from wet. The lower part of the insulator is formed with
a-double pendent lip A' for the purpose of preventing any moisture "creeping" up
towards the wire and so destroying the insulation.
At or near the centre of the length of the insulator is formed a rib A³, in which
notches a³ at opposite sides thereof are made, for the purpose of attaching the wires ;
as will be hereafter more fully described.
•
The insulator A is cylindrical in cross section, and is fitted internally with a metal
case B containing a spring C. The free end of this spring is securely attached to the

page_text: :
metal case B by rivetting or otherwise the other end being bent at right angles and
inserted in a slot d in the supporting pin D of the insulator (see Fig. 4).
The lower plate of the metal case B is made with lateral projections & fitting into
corresponding slots a in the internal wall of the lip A2. Notches are also formed in
the lower part of the cylindrical portion of the case B to fit the projections of the
plate b.
Thus when the whole is fitted in place, the insulator with its case will be free to
turn in either direction on its pin D (which enters the top plate 6 of the case B and
supports the insulator) subject to the controlling action of the spring C. This spring
is calculated to be of sufficient power to overcome the weight of a length of wire
between one insulator and another, and also to counteract expansion & contraction of
the wire caused by extremes of climate, pressure of wind, and other causes thus
when properly adjusted the insulators will maintain the wire at a uniform or nearly
uniform tension.
The supporting pin D is squared where it enters the arm E of the telegraph post,
and passes through a square plate e on this arm, to which it is further secured by a
nut, and so prevented from turning.
In attaching the wire to the insulator, a loop is first made in the wire and inserted
into one of the notches a³ in the rib A3 of the insulator. The two ends of the wire
are then wound one on either side of the rib A³, round the insulator in the same
direction as the spring C is coiled, until the notch a³ on the opposite side of the
insulator is reached. At this point the two ends of the wire are crossed one over the
other and the winding continued until a sufficient number of coils have been wound
on the insulator.
The number of coils will depend upon the distance apart of the insulators, the
weight of wire to be carried, the probable extremes of temperature, force of wind and
other causes.
The above described method of winding is shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing, and
Fig. 5 shows a hank of wire wound in a similar manner, but detached from the
insulator.
-
This method of winding the wire is specially adapted to turning corners in the line
of wire, and obviates the necessity for shackles as at present used for that purpose: as
the wire may be led off at any angle from the insulator, as shown in the plan view
Fig. 6.
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 show respectively in vertical section, underside plan and cross
section, an insulator of slightly different construction.
In this example the flange A¹ is reduced in size, and the double pendent lip A³
elongated.
In this form of insulator the cylindrical portion of the metal case B is removed, but
the top plate 6 and the bottom plate b with its lateral projections are retained for
the purpose above described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4.
In this example, the supporting pin D is squared where it enters the insulator, and
one end of the spring C is made to fit this square end of the pin D.. The free end of
the spring being turned at right angles to enter a slot a* formed in the internal
diameter of the body of the insulator A. The top plate 62 is preferably cemented or
otherwise secured to the insulator A, the spring Cand bottom plate are then placed
in position on the supporting pin D, and inserted into the insulator A, care being
taken that the bent end of the spring Centers the slot a* formed in the wall of the
insulator. The bottom plate b is then cemented or otherwise secured in place: when
the insulator will be free to turn on the pin D with the two plates and under
control of the spring C: the plate b resting on a flange formed on the pin D, and the
plate on the squared portion of the said pin.
The supporting pin D is secured to the arm E in a similar manner to that described
in the first arrangement.
The winding of the wire in this form of insulator is precisely similar to that before
described.

page_text: Where two insulators are used on either side of the telegraph post, one end of each
length of wire is (instead of being looped to the insulators) wound singly, round each
insulator, the requisite number of times, the ends being secured to the tops of the
insulators, and connected together by a clip.
Sometimes for convenience, or to make the action of the insulator more sensitive, a
chain or separate flexible wire may be used for coiling round the insulator, the
telegraph wire being attached to its ends, in lieu of coiling the telegraph wire
itself.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. The construction of movable and adjustable telegraph insulators as shown and
described and for the purpose set forth.
2. The adaptation to movable and adjustable telegraph insulators of a spring in the
manner and for the purpose above set forth.
3. The manner above described of coiling the line wire on movable and adjustable
telegraph insulators for the purpose above set forth.
Dated this 29th day of October 1888.
GEORGE FOWLER.