IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sigismund Lconi, of 34, Saint Paul Street, New
North Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 4th August 1874, and dated the 19th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sigismund Leoni at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th February 1874.
I, SIGISMUND LEONI, of 34, Saint Paul Street, New North Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates in the first place to heating apparatus in .which
the heating agent is either gas or oil, and consists in the adaptation and
application to stoves or boilers and cooking apparatus of a condenser for
the purpose of condensing the steam or vapour of the water forming the
greater part of the products of combustion, thereby reducing such
products to the gases contained therein and parts of the carbonic acid.

page_text: :
By reducing the products of combustion impediments to their escape are
removed, and the noxious gases will be free to pass off through flues of
smaller diameter than usual. The sulphuric acid is absorbed by the
steam, and the carbonic acid may be passed through lime in order that it
may be deposited thereon.
The said condenser may be made of copper or iron tinned inside or
lined with lead, or it may be made of china or other suitable refractory
substance, or of transparent glass. It may be ornamental in shape and
character, and either made to form part of the heating apparatus to
which it is applied, or be made separate from it and connected by a
pipe.
The said condenser consists of a box or chamber, into which the
products of combustion pass from the heating apparatus, and from which
the noxious gases escape into a flue, while the steam or vapour is con-
densed by coming in contact with water contained in a syphon fitted at
the bottom of the said condenser, and the water of condensation passes
off through the syphon. Lime may be put into the said box or chamber
in order to take up the carbonic acid as required.
The escape of the said gaseous products of combustion from the con-
denser is provided for by means of a pipe of metal or earthenware, which
may be protected as required from the effects of cooling and impeding
of the passage of the gases. This pipe may if required be made to com-
municate with a box filled with lime, oxide of iron, cow hair, feathers, or
other non-conducting material, the outside of the box being covered
with felt or cork. All openings from this box through which the gases
escape into the air are protected against the effects of down draughts
and winds.
And my Invention relates in the second place to cooking apparatus, in
which an atmospheric or ordinary gas ring is employed, and consists in
the construction of apparatus in which the several processes of roasting,
baking, steaming, and water boiling may be carried on simultaneously.
For these purposes the apparatus consists of a cylinder with a double
casing placed over a gas ring. The space between the two walls of the
'said double casing forms a chamber in which the water is boiled. The
interior of the cylinder contains the suspended meat for roasting, and at
the top of the same the baking chamber is fitted, and there is also a
steam chest fitted to the boiler containing vessels in which the steaming

page_text: process is carried on. By this arrangement of the parts of the apparatus
the several processes above referred to may be carried on simultaneously
by means of the heat passing from the gas ring at the bottom of the
cylinder.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Sigismund Leoni in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SIGISMUND
LEONI, of 34, Saint Paul Strect, New North Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
› successors, give and grant unto me, the said Sigismund Leoni, Her
special licence that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Sigismund
Leoni, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times-there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the'
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto

page_text: UNCIALA
say) :-
"
My Invention of "Improvements in Heating and Cooking Apparatus'
relates in the first place to heating apparatus in which the heating agent
is either gas or oil, and consists in the adaptation and application to
stoves or boilers and cooking apparatus of a condenser for the purpose of
condensing the steam or vapour of the water forming the greater part of
the products of combustion, thereby reducing such products to the gases
contained therein and parts of the carbonic acid. By reducing the
products of combustion impediments to their escape are removed, and
the noxious gases will be free to pass off through flues of smaller
diameter than usual. The sulphuric acid is absorbed by the steam, and
the carbonic acid may be passed through lime in order that it may be
deposited thereon.
The said condenser may be made of copper or iron, tinned inside or
lined with lead, or it may be made of china or other suitable refractory
substance, or of transparent glass. It may be ornamental in shape and
character, and either made to form part of the heating apparatus to
which it is applied, or be made separate from it and connected by a
pipe.
The said condenser consists of a box or chamber, into which the
products of combustion pass from the heating apparatus, and from which
the noxious gases escape into a flue, while the steam or vapour is con-
densed by coming in contact with water contained in a syphon fitted at
the bottom of the said condenser, and the water of condensation passes
off through the syphon. Lime may be put into the said box or chamber
in order to take up the sulphuric acid as required.
The escape of the said gaseous products of combustion from the con-
denser is provided for by means of a pipe of metal or earthenware, which
may be protected as required from the effects of cooling and impeding
of the passage of the gases. This pipe may if required be made to com-
municate with a box filled with lime, oxide of iron, cow hair, feathers, or
other non-conducting material, the outside of the box being covered with
felt or cork. All openings from this box through which the gases
escape into the air are protected against the effects of down draughts and
winds.

page_text: And my Invention relates in the second place to cooking apparatus, in
which an atmospheric or ordinary gas ring is employed, and consists
in the construction of apparatus in which the several processes of
roasting, baking, steaming, and water boiling may be carried on simul-
taneously.
For these purposes the apparatus consists of a double casing, cylin-
drical or otherwise, placed over a gas ring. The space between the two
walls of the said double casing forms a chamber in which the water is
boiled. The interior of the cylinder contains the suspended neat for
roasting, and at the top of the same the baking chamber is fitted, and
there is also a steam chest fitted to the boiler containing vessels in which
the steaming process is carried on. By this arrangement of the parts of
the apparatus the several processes above referred to may be carried on
simultaneously by means of the heat passing from the gas ring at the
bottom of the double casing.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed
by the aid of the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented
heating and cooking apparatus constructed in the manner above
referred to.

page_text: 5
K
A is a china cover with apertures for emitting heated air from the
apparatus. B and C are two cylinders, one within the other, which are
heated by means of the gas ring D at the bottom of and between thic
cylinders, the products of combustion passing upwards and through the
flue pipe into the condenser. E is an air pipe to supply fresh air from
outside the room into the heated inner chamber C¹, whence it passes
through the channels C³ connecting the cylinders B and C, and through
the apertures of the china casing into the room. F is a pipe with an
outlet level with the gas ring and between the cylinders Band C, in order
to feed combustion. G is an outlet pipe to carry off the products of
combustion from the top of the cylinders B and C into the,condenser H,
which in this instance is shown separate from the heating apparatus.
I is a pipe for carrying off the gascous products of combustion, and in
this case leading into a second condenser. K is a syphon for carrying
off the water of condensation from the condenser H.
When a second condenser is used it may be placed, as shewn at L,
outside the wall, and "provided with a syphon M.
1'
The condenser H is provided with a syphon inside it, to which syphon
water is supplied to effect the condensation of the steam or vapour as
required, and lime or charcoal or both may also be put into the condenser
in order to take up the sulphuric acid and other products capable of
being absorbed thereby.
The second condenser L may be filled with lime, oxide of iron, cow
hair, feathers, or other suitable non-conducting material, and the outside
thereof may be covered with felt or cork, and all outlets for gases there. :
from into the air are intended to be protected from the effects of down.
draughts and winds.
From the foregoing description it will be evident that the products of
combustion emitted from the top of the heating apparatus will pass into
the condenser H, where the condonsable vapour will be condensed and a
discharged through the syphon K, while the incondensable vapours will
escape by the pipe I, from which they may be led into a second con-
denser L if required, and discharged therefrom.
The air required to feed combustion, and also that for renewing
the air in the room, are both taken from outside, by which means the a
absorption of air within the room is avoided, and a constant ventilation
promoted.

page_text: V is
In Fig. 6 is represented my improved cooking apparatus adapted for
carrying on simultaneously the several processes of roasting, baking,
grilling, boiling, and steaming with a small expenditure of gas. This
apparatus is composed of a double casing N, O, (which may be cylin-
drical or otherwise) forming a chamber P, open at top and bottom, to be
a receptacle for the meat to be roasted, and also a chamber Q, closed at
top and bottom, which holds the water for boiling and for generating.
steam. The gas ring R heats directly the inner chamber P for roasting
purposes, and at the same time produces the boiling heat for the
chamber Q through the chamber P, and also through the vertical
pipes S, S, (Fig. 8) which pipes also carry off the products of combustion
into an outer flue pipe not shown in the Drawing. T, T, are inclined
pipes for carrying off steam from the meat, and also the products of
combustion from the gas ring R, into the flue pipe above referred to.
U is an outlet from the boiler fitted with the usual draw-off cock.
a steaming chest, which receives steam from the chamber Q to supply
the same to the two steamers W, W, intended for potatoes, poultry, or
fish. X is a baking chamber fitted through the steam chest into the
inner chamber P, from which it obtains its required temperature for
baking. This baking chamber or oven is by preference made of charcoal
iron, the bottom being perforated to admit the heat more rapidly, whilst
the lid is lined with fire-clay tile for the purpose of browning the pastry.
The pipes T, T, by carrying off steam and products of combustion
prevent their entrance into the baking oven, which is only made use of
after the meat has had time to throw off its own generated steam or
vapour. The lid of the baking oven fits also into the open top of the
inner chamber P (Figures 7 and 8) should there be no necessity for
either steaming or baking. The meat is placed in the roasting chamber
through the top opening. Grilling and toasting are done under the gas
ring by deflected heat.

page_text: And, Secondly. The construction of apparatus for cooking by gas with
a double casing placed over a gas ring, thereby forming an internal
roasting chamber heated directly by the gas ring, and surrounded by a
boiling chamber; also with a provision for baking over the roasting
chamber, and for steaming over and from the boiler, by which arrange-
ment the several processes of roasting, baking, boiling, and steaming
may be carried on simultaneously with a small expenditure of gas, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sigismund Leoni, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lanc.
S. LEONI. (L.S.)