IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOTH, NAIL, AND HAIR BRUSHES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Coate, of 19, Marylebone Street,
Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Brush Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOTH, NAIL, AND HAIR
BRUSHES."
Sealed the 8th March 1854, and dated the 8th September 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Coate at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1853.
1, JAMES COATE, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOTH, NAIL, AND HAIR BRUSHES " to be as
follows:-
This Invention has reference to constructing tooth brushes, nail
brushes, bone and ivory backed hair brushes, of the class termed by the
trade waxed backs," being those having grooves in the backs thereof
for the reception and securing of the bristles, which are firmly wired in
the said grooves, which grooves are, according to the old plans, filled up
flush with the back of the brush with a colored cement, which will not
stand well in warm water, and has other disadvantages attending it.
Instead of this, I use a cement ressembling in color bone or ivory, as

page_text: the case may be, compounded of pure white oxide of zinc, gilders'
whiting, copal varnish, Persian red, or color to give the cement the
pinky tinge of ivory when used to imitate that substance, and then
filled into the grooves aforesaid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Coate in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES COATE, of 19, Marylebone Street, Regent's Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Brush Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Coate, Her special
licence that I, the said James Coate, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Coate, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TOOTH, NAIL, AND HAIR BRUSHES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Coate, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Coate, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:

page_text: This Invention has reference to constructing tooth brushes, nail
brushes, and bone and ivory backed hair brushes, of the class termed
by the trade "waxed backs," being those having grooves in the backs
thereof for the reception and securing of the bristles, which are firmly
wired in the grooves, which grooves, instead of being, as according to
the old plan, filled up flush with the back of the brush with a colored
cement, which will not stand well in hot water, and has other disadvan-
tages attending it, are filled up with a cement resembling in color bone
or ivory, as the case may be, for which purpose a compound is adopted
of gilders' whiting, oxide of zinc, copal varnish, Naples yellow, Persian
red, or such coloring matter as will give the cement the tinge of ivory
or bone, as the case may be, which cement is not liable to the objec-
tions aforesaid.
And for the better exemplification of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and particularly as to what manner the same is to be performed
or carried into practical effect, I now proceed to describe the process in
detail as pursued by me.
I take a brush of the above description which has had the bristles
drawn with wire in the usual way, and the grooves yet remaining
open, and I proceed to fill up the said grooves with the above-named
cement, which I compound as follows:-I take gilders' whiting or
oxide of zinc, or both of them; by preference, I use powdered oxide of
zinc only; of this I take
ounce, to which I add
of the finest quick drying copal varnish, which I rub down together
on a slab with a pallet knife or other suitable instrument; I then add
either Naples yellow, raw sieuna, or yellow ochre and Persian red, each
in such proportions as to give the tint or color of the bone or ivory, as
required; or I dispense with any of these coloring matters, if desirable,
for the better attainment of the tint or color of the back of the brush
to be cemented, and I rub down this mixture together till it attains the
consistency of a thick paste; which being done, I apply this paste or
cement to the back of the brush with the pallet knife, so as to fill up
the grooves in the back of the brush; which being properly done, I lay
out the brush to dry in a place kept at a temperature of from 54° to
66° Farenheit, and when the cement has become dry and "set," which it

page_text: usually does in about twelve hours, I take a sharp knife, and scrape off'
any excess of cement which may be on the back of the brush, so as to
leave the filling up in the grooves flush with the back. I leave these
brushes about twenty-four hours in the above temperature, and I then
take the brush, and with the "bluff knife" and scrape the whole sur-
face of the back smooth and even, and when the same is effected I polish
off the back of the brush with "flour glass," and finish off with whiting
on felt cloth. I then wash dry and trim in the usual way, and the brush
is fit for use.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the
Improvements in Tooth, Nail, and Hair Brushes," consisting in the
adoption as aforesaid of a cement resembling in color bone or ivory,
which shall be insoluble in boiling water and tincture of myrrh under
the ordinary purposes of use.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Coate, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Signed and sealed in my
presence,
F. W. CAMPIN,
Patent Agent,
156, Strand.
JAMES COATE. (L.S.)