Improvements in Universal Hydro-carbon Lamps or Lanterns.
Year: 1886

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 19th day of December 1887, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Improvements in Universal Hydro-carbon Lamps or Lanterns.
I, SAMUEL PEARCE WILDING, of the firm of Fell and Wilding, of 1 Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention a communication to me from abroad by Stefan Siemang,
Lieutenant of Artillery, and Adalmar Breden, Captain of Horse, both of the City
of Vienna and Austrian Empire, and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved universal safety hydro-carbon lamp or
lantern, the chief advantages of which are: (a) that the said lamp or lantern can
by means of a lateral opening be filled or refilled without danger and without
having to screw off the burner, (b) that in case the lamp or lantern should fall or
be upset, the hydro-carbon will not be spilt or the vessel or reservoir be broken,
(c) that the possibility of an explosion is absolutely avoided even in case the lamp
should be.neglected and not properly cleaned, (d) that the flame is extinguished as
soon as the lamp or lantern is upset (e) that explosive gases can under no circum-
stances accumulate in the same.
A further important advantage of this invention is that it can be applied to
lamps and lanterns of any construction and even to carriage lamps, provided that
flat wicks are used.
In order that this invention may be the better understood I now proceed to
describe the same in relation to the sheets of drawings hereunto annexed reference
being had to the letters and figures marked thereon.
On sheet 1 :
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show reservoirs of various interior constructions.
Figare is a reservoir with safety device for preventing the breakage of the
reservoir vessel or recipient..
Figure 6 is a lower casing inserted in the reservoir (as indicated in figure 4) with
the burner and wick tube.
Figure 7 shows details of the inserted lower casing with the wick tube for round
burners.

page_text: WICKS.
Figures 9 and 10 are wick squeezers for burners with flat and round wicks.
Figure 11 represents the extinguishing arms.
Figures 12 and 13 show the details of the screw-stoppers or safety-valvo.
Figure 14 is a self-acting screw-stopper or safety-valve.
Figures 15, 16, 17 and 18 represent the peculiar extinguishing device.
Figures 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 are details of the same.
Figure 24 is a flame divider.
On sheet 2 :
Figure 1 is the reservoir or recipient V.
Figures 2 and 2 show the inserted casing E forming the partition between the
hydro-carbon and the wick-tube for burners with flat and round wicks.
Figure 3 is the reservoir or recipient V provided with the aforementioned casing.
Figure 3 is a modification of the reservoir or recipient V, divided into two
parts by the glass partition C.
Figure 4 is the cap k of the reservoir or recipient V.
Figure 5 is the reservoir or recipient V with inserted casing E and cap k.
Figures 6 and 6" is the complete adjusted burner with attachment plates p and
wick-tube h.
Figure 7 is the gallery K' of the burner.
Figures 8 and 8" are burners without gallery for flat and round wicks.
Figure 9 is the wick tube of the burner.
Figure 10 is the reservoir or recipient V with its component parts complete and
with adjusted burner.
Figure 11 is a modification or simplification of the lamp in which the inserted
casing E is omitted and where the cap k of the reservoir or recipient is connected
with the mantle R¹ of the omitted casing E.
Figure 12 is the wick, one end of which is stiffened in order to facilitate its
introduction into the burner.
Figures 13, 14 and 15 show the details of the arrangement for fixing the foot of
the lamp to its standing place.
Figure 16 shows these details of the pneumatic arrangement combined.
Figure 17 shows the employment and arrangement of this pneumatic device in
the foot of the lamp.
We now proceed to describe the figures in sheet 1 as follows:-
The reservoir or recipient V can be made of any desired form and size and is
not only provided with the opening O for the reception of the burner, but also
with a lateral opening o, for receiving the safety-valve or screw-stopper.
The interior of the reservoir V is divided into two parts by a partition M
(figures 1, 2, 3 and 4) which reaches nearly to the bottom of the reservoir, and is
provided with a small opening n (figure 1) to permit the escape of the gases.
In figure 3 other partitions are introduced besides the partitions M, the
object of which said partitions M and is to prevent the spilling of the hydro-
carbon in case the lamp should be upset. The lateral opening o serves for filling
the lamp and is usually closed by a valve or screw-stopper. The valve or screw
stopper (figures 12 and 13) consist of a screw cap with two eccentrically arranged
openings or ports o' o² which is screwed on to the stopper which is provided with
a central canal or port o, so that when the screw caps is loosened, the interior
of the reservoir or recipient will by means of the canals or ports o, o¹, o² be in
communication with the atmospheric air, thus permitting the escape of the gases
evolved in the said reservoir or recipient.
The single burner Fig. 6 is an ordinary flat burner which is provided with a tube
or casing H surrounding the wick D¹, and reaching almost to the bottom of the
reservoir or recipient, but without in any way hindering the movement of the wick.
Figure 8 represents the same tube or casing H applied to a round burner.

page_text: The object of this tube or casing H is to prevent the entire mass of hydro-carbon
in the reservoir or recipient, and the gases evolved from the said hydro-carbon,
from coming in contact with the wick.
The said tube or casing H serves as communicating tube and contains only such
quantity of hydro-carbon as can ascend between the wick D' and the tube or
casing H. The gases evolved in the reservoir or recipient above the surface of the
hydro-carbon and outside and externally of the tube or casing H escape con-
tinuously through the perforated stopper and stopper cap or through the safety
valve, and as they never come in contact with the flame, no explosion can occur,
neither can hydro-carbon escape or be spilt.
The combined safety burner (figure 6) consists of the burner B, connecting
piece C and the cup or reservoir D with the wick sheath or casing H.
The burner B is an ordinary burner which is at its lower end provided with
a wick-squeezer Q which serves to close the free space between the wick D¹
and the wick tube or sheath H where the latter protrudes from the lower part of
the burner.
Figures 9 and 10 represent a bottom view of the wick-squeezer Q as applied to
flat and round burners. The same consists principally of a slide which can be
pressed on to the wick by means of a stem reaching to the exterior of the burner.
The cup or receptacle D is screwed into the reservoir or recipient V and is at its
lower part provided with a suitable slot to allow the wick sheath H. to pass
through the same, which said wick sheath is then soldered to the said cup or
receptacle D (figures 4 and 6).
The lower rectangularly bent edge of the connecting piece C, which latter is of
cylindrical form and is provided at its upper part (figure 6) with a female screw
to receive the male screw of the burner proper, fits into a corresponding groove t t
on the inner periphery of the cup or receptacle D.
The aforementioned wick sheath H reaches so far into the cup or receptacle D
that the same serves as a prolongation of the wick sheath of the burner when the
latter is screwed into the connecting piece C.
Figure 7 represents the safety device for round burners and shows the cup or
receptacle D with the connecting piece C.
Figure 5 represents the safety device for preventing the breakage of the reservoir
or recipient consisting of a ring R which surrounds the stud or pivot to the vase
or reservoir, around which said ring a ring of india rubber can be arranged if
thought proper. Three, four or more arms a, a, of metal or other suitable material
are affixed to the said ring R, run upwards, and are bent so as to correspond with
the form of the reservoir, the upper part c of the said arms a a being so provided
with hinges and spring p that the said arms are pressed inwards in order to have
a firm hold on the reservoir. These arins ua are connected with each other by
Should the
one or more rings P, so as to fully but loosely enclose the reservoir.
lamp fall, these arms or staves will take up the force of the fall so that
the said reservoir which is not in contact with the said arms will receive no
injury. This said basket like casing to the reservoir can be decorated in any
appropriate manner.
The extinguishing device A (figures 6 and 11) consists of two extinguishing
caps moving around suitable hinges, so that the same will by their own weight
fall over and extinguish the flame as soon as the lamp is brought into an inclined
position.
The automatic safety valve screw v (figure 14) consists of a hollow screw, the
head & of which is provided with an opening o to permit the escape of gas.
In the bottom 6 of the hollow screw is the valve seat for the spring valve v¹
which is pressed on to its seat by means of a spring i.
The valve v is lifted by the pressure of the gas in the reservoir or recipient, so
5 that the said gases escape through the opening or port o.
The burner represented in figures 15, 16, 17 and 18 is provided with a cou
trivance by means of which the lamp is immediately extinguished if in case of

page_text: accident it should be upset. The said burner is further provided with an arrange-
ment for expanding the flame in the round burner and thus increasing the effect
of the light.
The principal feature of the extinguishing device consists of a spring a wound
loosely around the axis of the wick-plate, one end 6 of the said spring being
attached to the burner. As shown in figures 15 and 16, the other end c of the
said spring is bent off in the form of a lever or fixed to a small plate d as shown in
figures 17 and 23; which said plate d is soldered on to the sheath h¹.
The lengthened spring f (figure 15) terminates in a ball at o, which said ball, by
reason of its own weight, and in combination with the pressure exercised by the
spring f, turns off the wick. By means of the small plate p attached to the burner
the lever is constantly kept under tension.
The wick-plates is provided with short pins i i directed towards the burner.
The lever is pressed on to the wick-plate & by the action of the spring a.
is
As shown in figure 18, the plate p is provided with two stops and 2 the
former and lighter one for facilitating, the latter and heavier one for retarding, the
dislocation or release of the drop-lever f. The lighter stop may be employed
when there is any fear of the lamp being upset, while the heavier stop
employed when the lamp is carried about. Now, in case the lamp receives a shock,
the lever will immediately leave its stop, be forced outside against the wick disc,
and from there be jerked downwards in the direction in which the wick is turned
off. In making this movement the lever f engages with the pin i of the wick disc s
nearest to it, and compels the latter to participate in this movement, whereby the
lamp or lantern is extinguished.
The pins i can also be substituted by ribs ii (figures 21 and 22).
Figures 17 and 18 show a modification of this arrangement.
In order to keep the spring a free from dirt, the same is covered by the sheath h,
above which a second sheath his rotatably arranged to which said sheath the sinali
plate d is attached. As beforementioned, the end c of the spring a is fastened to
this plate d by means of which arrangement the spring is put under tension when
the sheath is turned. The actual tension of the spring is produced on the drop
lever attached to the sheath ¹ being returned to its rest. Besides the afore-
mentioned drop lever f, the sheath carries the extinguishing lever which serves
to catch into the pins i i.
This arrangement will allow the extinguishing lever to be released, while the
drop lever f(figures 17 and 23) is in the position of rest, that is to say, the drop
lever f is placed out of gear with the pins i i, whereby the wick disc s is allowed
to move freely.
If in case of a shock to the lanp, the drop lever f is froed, the spring a will press
against the disc d, and consequently the whole of the sheath against the wick
discs, whereupon the extinguishing lever catches into the pins ii and turns off
the wick. This arrangement can be adapted to burners of all systems. By means
of the flame divider m represented in figure 24 the lighting power of an ordinary
round burner is almost increased to that of a sun-light. The wick tubes of all
existing round burners are provided inside with a partition or bar n (figures 16.
and 18) which has no other object or purpose than to receive or carry the flame
divider the stem of which is for this purpose provided with a groove u.
Referring now to sheet 2 :-The recipient or reservoir V (figure 1) is provided
with the two openings and o the former of which openings is for the admittance
of the burner, the lateral and lateral opening being used for filling and refilling the
reservoir. The part E (figures 2 and 2) with its tube R which is either of a flat
or semi-circular form according to whether it is used for a flat or round burner,
and which nearly extends to the bottom of the reservoir or recipient, is inserted in
the opening C. The end of the wick sheath is turned up a little so as to enable
the wick to freely move in or out of it.
The cap of the reservoir k (figure 4) is provided with a joined piece R
which extends downward and is made of suitable form in the direction of the wick

page_text: sheath h, and has also on the upper surface two projections w w, which serve to
secure the burner to the cap of the reservoir in the manner of a bayonet
fastening.
If this cap k is secured or fixed to the opening O of the reservoir by means of
cement, the adjoined piece E will thereby simultaneously be secured or fixed in its
place (figure 5). Now, in case the reservoir so adjusted is filled with hydro-carbon
and upset, the hydro-carbon in the interior space P of the said reservoir cannot
flow out, but will be confined by the walls of the tube, whereas that portion of the
hydro-carbon contained inside the tube R will, at the upsetting of the lamp flow
into the space G and is prevented from flowing out by the cap and the small
tube R with which the latter is provided.
By means of this peculiar construction, the burner, instead of being screwed in
as heretofore, need simply be pushed in and secured to the cap by means of the
bayonet fastening device.
For this reason this new burner can dispense with a screw-worm (figures 6
and 6) but is in its place provided with a plate p which, being able to freely rotate,
surrounds the burner.
For greater convenience this bayonet plate p is provided with wings or pins v v.
The other openings or orifices ii in the plate p serve to receive the afore-
mentioned hook shaped projections w w.. It will thus be seen that by simply
giving the plate p a short turn, the burner is secured to the reservoir by means of
the bayonet fastening device.
To facilitate the cleaning of the reservoir the basket like casing is also pro-
vided with the same bayonet fastening device but which is so arranged that it can
easily be undone. This object is attained by means of the orifices as in the basket
like casing and the spindle n of the wick-screw (figures 6, 6, 7 and 8). The
wick sheath projects downwards and also nearly extends to the bottom of the
reservoir. In order to also prevent the hydro-carbon from flowing out at the spot
where the wick sheath is perforated to admit the wick-wheels, and fiom passing
into the burner, the said wick wheels are enclosed by the casing d' (figure 9).
Figure 10 represents in section the adjusted and completed lamp.
The modification shown in figure 11 is carried out in the following manner.
The cap of the reservoir is provided with the sheath R which extends down-
wards and nearly reaches to the bottom of the reservoir, while the upper end of
the said sheath R projects a little above the bottom of the cap k.
A cork plate g
with suitable opening or slit, fills up the bottom, which plate y if pressed upon the
aforementioned projecting edge of the sheath R, will prevent the hydro-carbon
between the wick-sheath and the outer inserted sheath, from flowing out when the
burner is inserted in its place. According to this latter construction (figure 11)
the hydro carbon will therefore only be prevented from flowing out when the
burner is in its place, whereas in the former construction (figure 5) no hydro-carbon
can flow out at the upsetting of the lamp even when the burner is removed.
In order to facilitate the introduction of the wick into the long wick sheath,
each end of a piece of wick, which should be long enough to last for several
supplies, is stiffened (figure 12) which is done by simply emersing or dipping these
ends into a solution of starch and ironing them when dry. One of these stiff ends
is introduced into the wick-sheath and pushed through until it emerges at the
other end and can be taken hold of and pulled through, after which a piece of
suitable length is cut off.
Now in order to protect the lamp from the danger of being upset, the same is
secured to its standing place by a pneumatic device, producing between the basis
of the lamp and its standing place, a space in which the air is thinned to such an
extent that the pressure of the external atmospheric air presses the lamp to its
standing place.
This arrangement is carried out in the following manner :—
An india-rubber plate r of peculiar form (figure 14) is arranged in a casing c
(figure 13) to the parts of which the edges ii of the said casing are secured.

page_text: The central part of r¹ of the said india-rubber plate is provided with an opening or
orifice o through which the lifting spindle b (figure 15) is inserted. To the lower
part of the said lifting spindle b a plate a is fastened, which, after the spindle bis
inserted, fits into the india rubber plate and closely attaches itself to the central
part of the said india rubber plate (figure 16).
The lifting spindle 6 is protruding upwards through the casing c and reaches
into the upper part of the socket of the lamp. The socket of the lamp (figure 17)
is best divided into three parts that is; 1st the lower part B or the basis of the
socket, 2nd the nut R, and 3rd the upper part of the socket or column f.
It is advisable to connect the basis B with the column f of the lamp by suitably
decorated ribs vv. The nut R is arranged between these two parts, and serves to
raise the spindle b and consequently also the plate a. The central india rubber
part yields to this upward pressure, while the edges of the plater are kept
down by the casing c.
In this manner the vacuum is produced, between the plate a and the surface of the
table or object on which the lamp may be standing the latter being thus pressed
on to the table or other object by the external pressure of air.
Having now described the nature of my invention and ascertained the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as new and
patentable and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :-
In hydro-carbon safety lamps or lanterns :-
1 The construction and employment of a partition or wall M for the purpose
of dividing the interior space of the recipient or reservoir of the safety lamp or
lautern into two parts and thus preventing the spilling of the hydro-carbon, in case
of the lamp being upset.
2nd The arrangement and construction of an outlet valve in the closing device
for the lateral opening, by means of which outlet valve the explosive gases evolved
in the reservoir or recipient are allowed to escape.
3 The-employment--and--application-of--the-wick-protecting--sheath-H--which
Hearly-reaches to the-bettom of the reservoir-for-the purpose of separating-the
hydro-carbon-und-the-explosive-gases-from-the-wick.
4th 3rd, The arrangement of a emp-like-receptacle-D-with-the-connecting-piece-C
sliding-in-a-groove-of-the-former, the said connecting piece C-being--destined-to
receive-the-burner concentric casing surrounding the wick sheath and closed at its
bottom by means of which arrangement the heat of the flame is kept from the hydro-
carbon.
5th 4th. The employment of a wick squeezer Q for preventing the flame from
passing downwards.
6th 5th The manner of protecting the recipient or reservoir by a basket like
casing, which may be provided with any desired or suitable decoration, the said
casing serving to protect the lamp from breakage in case it should be upset.
7th The arrangement and application-of-an--antomatic-safety valve, the valve-v¹
of-which-will-open-at-the
slightest-pressure-of-the-gases-evolved-in-the-reservoir--or
recipient-and-admit of their escape-(figure-14-sheet-1).
SG The arrangement of a spring, which in the position of rest is under tension'
but which at any shock which the lamp may receive is immediately released, and
in its downward movement carries with. it the wick-disc, whereby the lamp is
immediately extinguished.
9th The-construction-of-a-flame--divider-for-ordinary-round-burners, which-said
Alame divider-can-be--fixed-or-put--in-us-required-and whereby the lighting--power
of the flame-is-increased.
10 The-application-and-employment-of-an-inserted-cusing-1-(figures 2-und-2
sheet-2)-with-the-sheathing or tube-R-corresponding in form-with-the-wick-to-be
employed, said--sheathing-R--renching--down--to-the-bottom--of-the-recipient-or
reservoir.

page_text: 11th The--employment-of-a-cap-/-for-closing the opening-O-of-the-recipient-or
reservoir, with a-tube-or-mantle-R' surrounding the wick tube-h-and-a--bayonet
fastening-device-for-securing or fixing the burner (figure-4-sheet-2).
12 7th The arrangement of a rotary fastening plate, (figures 6 and 6", sheet 2)
attached to the burner for-completing the bayonet-fastening-device. and having slots
formed therein to which correspond hooks on the plane top surface of the reservoir.
13th-The-application-and-employment-of-u-bajonet-fastening device-in-connection
with-the-gallery-k-of-the-burner-(figures G-and-7-sheet 2).
14th The manner of inclosing-the-wick-wheels-by-means-of-a-easing-d of the
wiek sheath-h-(figure.0-sheet 2).
15th-The-combination-of-the-cap-k-of-the-recipient-or reservoir-with-the-inserted
tube-R-(figure-11-sheet-3).
16th The stiffening of the wick-ends-to-facilitate-their-introduction-into--the
wiek-tube-h-(figure-12-sheet-1).
178th The employment and arrangement of a pneumatic device in the foot or
socket of the lamp for the purpose of fixing or securing the same to its standing
plate.
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Corsa nyaro-varon amps or Lanterns.
I, SAMUEL PEARCE WILDING, of the firm of Fell and Wilding, of 1 Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention a communication to me from abroad by Stefan Siemang,
Lieutenant of Artillery, and Adalmar Breden, Captain of Horse, both of the City
of Vienna and Austrian Empire, and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to an improved universal safety hydro-carbon lamp or
lantern, the chief advantages of which are: (a) that the said lamp or lantern can
by means of a lateral opening be filled or refilled without danger and without
having to screw off the burner, (b) that in case the lamp or lantern should fall or
be upset, the hydro-carbon will not be spilt or the vessel or reservoir be broken,
(c) that the possibility of an explosion is absolutely avoided even in case the lamp
should be neglected and not properly cleaned, (d) that the flame is extinguished as
soon as the lamp or lantern is upset (e) that explosive gases can under no circum-
stances accumulate in the same.
A further important advantage of this invention is that it can be applied to
lamps and lanterns of any construction and even to carriage lamps.
In order that this invention may be the better understood I now proceed to
describe the same in relation to the sheets of. drawings hereunto annexed reference
being had to the letters and figures marked thereon.
On sheet 1:
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show reservoirs of various interior constructions.
Figure 5 is a reservoir with safety device for preventing the breakage of the
reservoir vessel or recipient.
Figure 6 is a lower casing inserted in the reservoir (as indicated in figure 4) with
the burner and wick tube.
Figure 7 shows details of the inserted lower casing with the wick tube for round

page_text: Figure 14 is a self-acting screw-stopper or safety-valve.
Figures 15, 16, 17 and 18 represent the peculiar extinguishing device.
Figures 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 are details of the same.
Figure 24 is a flame divider.
On sheet 2:
Figure 1 is the reservoir or recipient V.
Figures 2 and 2 show the inserted casing E forming the partition between the
hydro-carbon and the wick-tube for burners with flat and round wicks.
Figure 3 is the reservoir or recipient V provided with the aforementioned casing.
Figure 3a is a modification of the reservoir or recipient V, divided into two
parts by the glass partition C.
Figure 4 is the cap k of the reservoir or recipient V.
Figure 5 is the reservoir or recipient V with inserted casing E and cap k.
Figures 6 and 6ª is the complete adjusted, burner with attachment plates p and
wick-tube ho
Figure 7 is the gallery K¹ of the burner.
Figures 8 and 80 are burners without gallery for flat and round wicks.
Figure 9 is the wick tube of the burner.
Figure 10 is the reservoir or recipient V with its component parts complete and
with adjusted burner.
Figure 11 is a modification or simplification of the lamp in which the inserted
casing E is omitted and where the cap k of the reservoir or recipient is connected
with the mantle R¹ of the omitted casing E.
Figure 12 is the wick, one end of which is stiffened in order to facilitate its
introduction into the burner,
Figures 13, 14 and 15 show the details of the arrangement for fixing the foot of
the lamp to its standing place.
Figure 16 shows these details of the pneumatic arrangement combined.
Figure 17 shows the employment and arrangement of this pneumatic device in
the foot of the lamp.
We now proceed to describe the figures in sheet 1 as follows:-
The reservoir or recipient V can be made of any desired form and size and is
not only provided with the opening O for the reception of the burner, but also
with a lateral opening o, for receiving the safety-valve or screw-stopper.
The interior of the reservoir V is divided into two parts by a partition M
(figures 1, 2, 3 and 4) which reaches nearly to the bottom of the reservoir, and is
provided with a small opening n (figure 1) to permit the escape of the gases.
In figure 3 other partitions are introduced besides the partitions M, the
object of which said partitions M and rr is to prevent the spilling of the hydro-
carbon in case the lamp should be upset. The lateral opening o serves for filling
the lamp and is usually closed by a valve or screw-stopper. The valve or screw
stopper (figures 12 and 13) consists of a screw cap with two eccentrically arranged
openings or ports o¹o" which is screwed on to the stopper which is provided with
a central canal or port o, so that when the screw caps is loosened, the interior
of the reservoir or recipient will by means of the canals or ports o, o², o² be in
communication with the atmospheric air, thus permitting the escape of the gases
evolved in the said reservoir or recipient.
The single burner Fig. 6 is an ordinary flat burner which is provided with a tube
or casing H surrounding the wick D', and reaching almost to the bottom of the
reservoir or recipient, but without in any way hindering the movement of the wick.
Figure 8 represents the same tube or casing H applied to a round burner.
BM

page_text: The object of this tube or casing H is to prevent the entire mass of hydro-carbon
in the reservoir or recipient, and the gases evolved from the said hydro-carbon,
from coming in contact with the wick.
The said tube or casing H serves as communicating tube and contains only such
quantity of hydro-carbon as can ascend between the wick D¹ and the tube or
casing H. The gases evolved in the reservoir or recipient above the surface of the
bydro-carbon and outside and externally of the tube or casing H escape con-
tinuously through the perforated stopper and stopper cap or through the safety
valve, and as they never come in contact with the flame, no explosion can occur,
neither can hydro-carbon escape or be spilt.
The combined safety burner (figure 6) consists of the burner B, connecting
piece C and the cup or reservoir D with the wick sheath or casing H..
The burner B is an ordinary burner which is at its lower end provided with
a wick-squeezer Q which serves to close the free space between the wick D!
and the wick tube or sheath H where the latter protrudes from the lower part of
the burner.
Figures 9 and 10 represent a bottom view of the wick-squeezer Q as applied to
flat and round burners. The same consists principally of a slide which can be
pressed on to the wick by means of a stem reaching to the exterior of the burner.
The cup or receptacle D is screwed into the reservoir or recipient V and is at its
lower part provided with a suitable slot to allow the wick sheath H to pass
through the same, which said wick sheath is then soldered to the said cup or
receptacle D (figures 4 and 6)..
The lower rectangularly bent edge of the connecting piece C, which latter is of
cylindrical form and is provided at its upper part (figure 6) with a female screw
to receive the male screw of the burner proper, fits into a corresponding groove t t
on the inner periphery of the cup or receptacle D.
The aforementioned wick sheath H reaches so far into the cup or receptacle D
that the same serves as a prolongation of the wick sheath of the burner when the
latter is screwed into the connecting piece C.
Figure 7 represents the safety device for round burners and shows the cup or
receptacle D with the connecting piece C.
Figure 5 represents the safety device for preventing the breakage of the reservoir
or recipient consisting of a ring R which surrounds the stud or pivot to the vase
or reservoir, around which said ring a ring of india rubber can be arranged if
thought proper. Three, four or more arms a, a, of metal or other suitable material
are affixed to the said ring R, run upwards, and are bent so as to correspond with
the form of the reservoir; the upper part c of the said arms a a being so provided
with hinges and spring p that the said arms are pressed inwards in order to have
a firm hold on the reservoir. These arms a a are connected with each other by
one or more rings P, so as to fully but loosely enclose the reservoir. Should the
lamp fall, these arms or staves a a will take up the force of the fall so that
the said reservoir which is not in contact with the said arms will receive no
injury. This said basket like casing to the reservoir can be decorated in any
appropriate manner.
The extinguishing device A (figures 6 and 11) consists of two extinguishing
caps moving around suitable hinges, so that the same will by their own weight
fall over and extinguish the flame as soon as the lamp is brought into an inclined
position.
The automatic safety valve screw ♥ (figure 14) consists of a hollow screw, the
head k of which is provided with an opening o to permit the escape of gas.
In the bottom b of the hollow screw is the valve seat for the spring valve v¹
which is pressed on to its seat by means of a spring i.
The valve is lifted by the pressure of the gas in the reservoir or recipient, so
that the said gases escape through the opening or port o.
The burner represented in figures 15, 16, 17 and 18 is provided with a con-
trivance by means of which the lamp is immediately extinguished if in case of

page_text: accident it should be upset. The said burner is further provided with an arrange-
ment for expanding the flame in the round burner and thus increasing the effect
of the light.
v
The principal feature of the extinguishing device consists of a spring a wound
loosely around the axis of the wick-plate, one end b of the said spring being
attached to the burner. As shown in figures 15 and 16, the other end c of the
said spring is bent off in the form of a lever or fixed to a small plate d as shown in
figures 17 and 23; which said plate d is soldered on to the sheath h'.
The lengthened spring f (figure 15) terminates in a ball at o, which said ball, by
reason of its own weight, and in combination with the pressure exercised by the
spring f, turns off the wick. By means of the small plate p attached to the burner
the lever is constantly kept under tension.
The wick-plate 8 is provided with short pins i i directed towards the burner.
The lever is pressed on to the wick-plate 8 by the action of the spring a.
As shown in figure 18, the plate p is provided with two stops 71 and 7³ the
former and lighter one for facilitating, the latter and heavier one for retarding, the
dislocation or release of the drop-lever f. The lighter stop may be employed
when there is any fear of the lamp being upset, while the heavier stop is
employed when the lamp is carried about. Now, in case the lamp receives a shock,
the lever will immediately leave its stop, be forced outside against the wick disc,
and from there be jerked downwards in the direction in which the wick is turned
off. In making this movement the lover fengages with the pin i of the wick disc s
nearest to it, and compels the latter to participate in this movement, whereby the
lamp or lantern is extinguished.
The pins i i can also be substituted by ribs ii (figures 21 and 22).
Figures 17 and 18 show a modification of this arrangement.
In order to keep the spring a free from dirt, the same is covered by the sheath h,
above which a second sheath is rotatably arranged to which said sheath the small
plate d is attached. As before mentioned, the end of the spring a is fastened to
this plated, by means of which arrangement the spring is put under tension when
the sheath h¹ is turned. The actual tension of the spring is produced on the drop
lever attached to the sheath h¹ being returned to its rest. Besides the afore-
mentioned drop lever f; the sheath h¹ carries the extinguishing lever 7 which serves
to catch into the pins i i.
This arrangement will allow the extinguishing lever to be released, while the
drop lever (figures 17 and 23) is in the position of rest, that is to say, the drop
lever fis placed out of gear with the pins ¿ ¿, whereby the wick disc s is allowed
to move freely.
8
If in case of a shock to the lamp, the drop lever f is freed, the spring a will press
against the disc d, and consequently the whole of the sheath h¹ against the wick
disc 8, whereupon the extinguishing lever / catches into the pins ii and turns off
the wick. This arrangement can be adapted to burners of all systems. By means
of the flame divider m represented in figure 24 the lighting power of an ordinary
round burner is almost increased to that of a sun-light. The wick tubes. of all
existing round burners are provided inside with a partition or bar n (figures 16
and 18) which has no other object or purpose than to receive or carry the flame
divider the stem of which is for this purpose provided with a groove u.
Referring now to sheet 2:-The recipient or reservoir V (figure 1) is provided
with the two openings O and o the former of which openings is for the admittance
of the burner, the latter and lateral opening being used for filling and refilling the
reservoir. The part E (figures 2 and 2) with its tube R which is either of a flat
or semi-circular form according to whether it is used for a flat or round burner,
and which nearly extends to the bottom of the reservoir or recipient, is insorted in
the opening O. The end of the wick sheath is turned up a little so as to enable
the wick to freely move in or out of it.
The cap of the reservoir / (figure 4) is provided with a joined piece 'R¹
which extends downward and is made of suitable form in the direction of the wick

page_text: sheath h, and has also on the upper surface two projections ww, which serve to
secure the burner to the cap of the reservoir in the manner of a bayonet
fastening.
If this cap k is secured or fixed to the opening O of the reservoir by means of
cement, the adjoined piece E will thereby simultaneously be secured or fixed in its
place (figure 5). Now, in case the reservoir so adjusted is filled with bydro-carbon
and upset, the hydro-carbon in the interior space P of the said reservoir cannot
flow out, but will be confined by the walls of the tube, whereas that portion of the
hydro-carbon contained inside the tube R will, at the upsetting of the lamp flow
into the space G and is prevented from flowing out by the cap k and the small
tube R¹ with which the latter is provided.
By means of this peculiar construction, the burner, instead of being screwed in
as heretofore, need simply be pushed in and secured to the cap k by means of the
bayonet fastening device:
For this reason this new burner can dispense with a screw-worm (figures 6
and 6) but is in its place provided with a plate p which, being able to freely rotate,
surrounds the burner.
For greater convenience this bayonet plate p is provided with wings or pins v v.
The other openings or orifices ii in the plate p serve to receive the afore-
mentioned hook shaped projections w w. It will thus be seen that by simply
giving the plate p a short turn, the burner is secured to the reservoir by means of
the bayonet fastening device.
To facilitate the cleaning of the reservoir the basket like casing is also pro-
vided with the same bayonet fastening device but which is so arranged that it can
easily be undone. This object is attained by means of the orifices 88 in the basket
like casing and the spindle n of the wick-screw (figures 6, 6ª, 7 and 8). The
wick sheath h projects downwards and also nearly extends to the bottom of the
reservoir. In order to also prevent the hydro-carbon from flowing out at the spot
where the wick sheath is perforated to admit the wick-wheels, and from passing
into the burner, the said wick wheels are enclosed by the casing d¹ (figure 9).
Figure 10 represents in section the adjusted and completed lamp.
The modification shown in figure 11 is carried out in the following manner.
The cap k of the reservoir is provided with the sheath R which extends down-
wards and nearly reaches to the bottom of the reservoir, while the upper end of
the said sheath R projects a little above the bottom of the cap k. A. cork plate g
with suitable opening or slit, fills up the bottom, which plate g if pressed upon the
aforementioned projecting edge of the sheath R, will prevent the hydro-carbon
between the wick-sheath and the outer inserted sheath, from flowing out when the
burner is inserted in its place. According to this latter construction (figure 11)
the hydro carbon will therefore only be prevented from flowing out when the
burner is in its place, whereas in the former construction (figure 5) no hydro-carbon
can flow out at the upsetting of the lamp even when the burner is removed.
In order to facilitate the introduction of the wick into the long wick sheath,
each end of a piece of wick, which should be long enough to last for several
supplies, is stiffened (figure 12) which is done by simply emersing or dipping these
ends into a solution of starch and ironing them when dry. One of these stiff ends
is introduced into the wick-sheath and pushed through until it emerges at the
other end and can be taken hold of and pulled through, after which a piece of
suitable length is cut off.
Now in order to protect the lamp from the danger of being upset, the same is
secured to its standing place by a pneumatic device, producing between the basis
of the lamp and its standing place, a space in which the air is thinned to such an
extent that the pressure of the external atmospheric air presses the lamp to its
standing place.
This arrangement is carried out in the following manner :—
An india-rubber plate r of peculiar form (figure 14) is arranged in a casing c

page_text: The central part of the said india-rubber plate is provided with an opening or
orifice o through which the lifting spindle b (figure 15) is inserted. To the lower
part of the said lifting spindle b a plate a is fastened, which, after the spindle b is
inserted, fits into the india rubber plate and closely attaches itself to the central
part of the said india rubber plate (figure 16).
The lifting spindle b is protruding upwards through the casing c and reaches
into the upper part of the socket of the lamp. The socket of the lamp (figure 17)
is best divided into three parts that is; 1st the lower part B or the basis of the
socket, 2nd the nut R, and 3rd the upper part of the socket or column f.
It is advisable to connect the basis B with the column ƒ of the lamp by suitably
decorated ribs v v. The nut R is arranged between these two parts, and serves to
raise the spindle b and consequently also the plate a. The central india rubber
partyields to this upward pressure, while the edges ¹¹ of the plater are kept-
down by the casing c.
In this manner a vacuum is produced, between the plate a and the surface of the
table or object on which the lamp may be standing the latter being thus pressed
on to the table or other object by the external pressure of air.
Having now described the nature of my invention and ascertained the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as new and
patentable and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :-
In bydro-carbon safety lamps or lanterns :-
1st The construction and employment of a partition or wall M for the purpose
of dividing the interior space of the recipient or reservoir of the safety lamp or
lantern into two parts and thus preventing the spilling of the hydro-carbon in case
of the lamp being upset.
2nd The arrangement and construction of an outlet valve in the closing device
for the lateral opening, by means of which outlet valve the explosive gases evolved
in the reservoir or recipient are allowed to escape.
3rd The employment and application of the wick protecting sheath H which
nearly reaches to the bottom of the reservoir for the purpose of separating the
hydro-carbon and the explosive gases from the wick.
4th The arrangement of a cup like receptacle D with the connecting piece C
sliding in a groove of the former, the said connecting piece C being destined to
receive the burner by means of which arrangement the heat of the flame is kept
from the hydro-carbon.
5th The employment of a wick squeezer Q for preventing the flame from passing
downwards.
6th The manner of protecting the recipient or reservoir by a basket like casing,
which may be provided with any desired or suitable decoration, the said casing
serving to protect the lamp from breakage in case it should be upset.
•
7th The arrangement and application of an automatic safety-valve, the valve v¹
of which will open at the sligbest pressure of the gases evolved in the reservoir or
recipient and admit of their escape (figure 14 sheet 1).
8th The arrangement of a spring, which in the position of rest is under tension,
but which at any shock which the lamp may receive is immediately released, and
in its downward movement carries with it the wick-disc, whereby the lamp is
immediately extinguished.
9th The construction of a flame divider for ordinary round burners, which said
flame divider can be fixed or put in as required, and whereby the lighting power
of the flame is increased.
10th The application and employment of an inserted casing E (figures 2 and 2
sheet 2) with the sheathing or tube R corresponding in form with the wick to be
employed, said sheathing R reaching down to the bottom of the recipient or
reservoir.

page_text: 11th The employment of a cap k for closing the opening 0 of the recipient or
reservoir, with a tube or mantle R¹ surrounding the wick-tube h, and a bayonet
fastening device for securing or fixing the burner (figure 4 sheet 2).
12th The arrangement of a rotary fastening plate p (figures 6 and 6ª, sheet 2)
attached to the burner for completing the bayonet fastening device.
13th The application and employment of a bayonet fastening device in connection
with the gallery k' of the burner (figures 6 and 7 sheet 2).
14th The manner of inclosing the wick-wheels by means of a casing of the
wick-sheath h (figure 9 sheet 2). ·
15th The combination of the cap k of the recipient or reservoir with the inserted
tube R (figure 11 sheet 2).
16th The stiffening of the wick ends to facilitate their introduction into the
wick tube h (figure 12 sheet 1).
17th The employment and arrangement of a pneumatic device in the foot or
socket of the lamp for the purpose of fixing or securing the same to its standing
plate.
4008
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicant.