IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING MILLS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Newzam Nicholson, of Newark-on-Trent,
Agricultural Implement Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CRUSHING MILLS."
Sealed the 18th January 1859, and dated the 20th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Newzam Nicholson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1858.
I, WILLIAM NEWZAM NICHOLSON, of Newark-on-Trent, Agricultural Imple-
ment Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CRUSHING MILLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in driving the movable roller of crushing mills
by means of a pinion working into cogs formed on the internal edge of an
annular wheel mounted on the axle of the roller; secondly, in supporting the
bush of the movable roller in a slot of such form that the roller as it moves
may describe an arc of a circle about the centre of the driving pinion; also.
for varying the distance between the rollers I use an iron slide in which the
bush of the movable roller is fixed, with a circular hole to receive a flanged
eccentric, and in holding the eccentric in the required position I use a notched
disc, into the notches of which a catch drops for the purpose. When the mill
has two pairs of rollers I connect the two bottom rollers by spur or other

page_text: wheels in the usual manner, but adopt a similar slide and eccentric, which
I arrange in such manner that one of the rollers may be thrown out of work
when it is not wished to crush with the lower pair.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Newzam Nicholson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NEWZAM NICHOLSON, of Newark-on-Trent, Agricultural Implement Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Newzam Nicholson, Her special licence that I, the said William
Newzam Nicholson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Newzam Nicholson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING MILLS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Newzam Nicholson, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same.to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Newzam Nicholson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention,-and-in-what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
In mills for crushing, rolling, or grinding various substances, whether
agricultural, mineral, or chemical; when two rollers are used, it is found
desirable that one of them should be movable or adjustable for the purpose
that the material crushed should be rendered finer or coarser, or thicker or

page_text: thinner at pleasure. One very usual method of arranging a mill for this
purpose is to use what are called deep tooth pinions, but these do not work
perfectly or smoothly, and are liable to breakage, and my Invention is intended
to dispense with the use of such wheels and to allow of a more than ordinary
variation in the adjustables part of such machines, as well as to render more
easy the method of adjustment, and generally to simplify the construction
without impairing the efficiency of such machines.
My Invention consists, first, in driving the movable roller of crushing mills
by means of a pinion working into cogs formed on the internal edge of an
annular wheel mounted on the axle of the roller; secondly, in supporting the
bush of the movable roller in a slot of such form that the roller' as it moves
may describe an arc of a circle about the centre of the driving pinion; also
for varying the distance between the rollers I use an iron slide in which the
bush of the movable roller is fixed, with a circular hole to receive a flanged
eccentric, and in holding the eccentric in the required position I use a notched
disc, into the notches of which a catch drops for the purpose. When the mill
has two pairs of rollers I connect the two bottom rollers by spur or other
wheels in the usual manner, but adopt a similar slide and eccentric, which
I arrange in such manner that one of the rollers may be thrown out of work
when it is not wished to crush with the lower pair.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed Figure 1 is an elevation of one end of a
crushing mill, showing the manner in which the fast roller A is driven by the
pinion B as usual; and Figure 2 is an elevation of the opposite end of the
mill, showing the manner in which the moveable roller A¹ is driven according
to my Invention by annular gearing, and is always kept in full cog with the
pinion B¹ by moving in a slot C, C, which slot is formed in an arc of a circle
of which the centre is at B¹. In Figure 1 is also shown in dotted lines the
slide to which the bush of the movable roller is attached, and which is moved
by the eccentric D. Figure 3 is a section of the slide E, F, showing also the
notched disc G and part of the eccentric D. The eccentric is held in the
required position by the notched disc G, into the notches of which a catch G¹
drops, as shewn in Figure 4. H (Figure 3), is a handle for moving the
eccentric; Figure 5 is an outline sketch shewing the general arrangement of
the mill slide and eccentric.
.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that,―
Firstly, I claim the method of driving the movable roller of a crushing mill
by means of a pinion working into cogs formed on the internal edge of an
annular wheel mounted on the axle of the said moveable roller.

page_text: Secondly, I claim the method of supporting the bushes of moveable or
adjustable rollers in slots of such form that the roller as it moves or is
adjusted may describe an are of a circle about the centre of the driving
pinion.
Thirdly, I am aware that an eccentric has been before used for varying
the distance between the rollers in crushing mills, and therefore under this
head I only claim the method of holding the eccentric when adjusted by
means of a catch dropping into a notched disc fixed on the eccentric spindle.
Fourthly, I claim the method herein-before described of throwing one roller
out of work in mills having two pairs of rollers when it is wished to crush with
one pair only.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Newzam Nicholson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of January, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
WILLIAM NEWZAM NICHOLSON. (L.S.)