IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTION, APPLICABLE TO STEAM CARRIAGES, ALSO PRO
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Isaacks Sands, of Okehampton, in the
County of Devon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
OF AND APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTION, APPLICABLE TO STEAM CARRIAGES, ALSO
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Isaacks Sands
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th November 1871.
I, JAMES ISAACKS SANDS, of Okehampton, in the County of Devon,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTION, APPLICABLE TO STEAM CARRIAGES,
ALSO TO TRACTION AND OTHER LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, AND TO STEAM ROAD ROLLERS,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the means of and apparatus
for locomotion, applicable to steam carriages for passenger or goods
traffic, and also to traction and other locomotive engines, and to steam.
road rollers..

page_text: sufficiently heavy, so as to be adapted to the work required; but in all
such cases the principle of the Invention as above described is strictly
adhered to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Isaacks Sands in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ISAACKS SANDS, of Okehampton, in the County of Devon, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors;
give and grant unto me, the said James Isaacks Sands, Her special
licence that I, the said James Isaacks Sands, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Isaacks Sands, my
executors; administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTION, APPLICABLE TO STEAM CARRIAGES,
ALSO TO TRACTION AND OTHER LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, AND TO STEAM ROAD ROLLERS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Isaacks
Sands, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Isaacks Sands, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the means of and apparatus
for locomotion, applicable to steam carriages for passengers or goods

page_text: traffic, and also to traction and other locomotive engines, and to steam
road rollers.
One characteristic feature of the Invention is that the arrangement of
mechanism for fulfilling the office of traction or motive wheels of the
carriage, engine, or roller, dispenses with the spokes and axles as com-
monly applied; this wheel-substitute consisting of an annulus moving
round a fixed frame forming part of the carriage, engine, or roller, as
hereafter described. Each such substitute for wheel consists essentially
of an outer tire or band suitably secured to three inner rings, so as to
rotate with them. These three rings are held together, and the centre one
is toothed internally, and against the outer two, which are not toothed
but plain surfaces, small friction wheels or pullies work, the same being
placed at suitable intervals round the fixed frame which keeps the three
rings in position. The engine and boiler are placed within the frame,
and motion is imparted therefrom by externally toothed wheels to the
internally toothed ring of each substitute for traction or motive wheel;
the three rings and tire being held together are therefore caused to
revolve round the flanged wheels or pullies held in the fixed frame, and
the tire being made rather wide a firm grip of the ground is obtained.
The fixed frame carrying the locomotive apparatus is attached to or
forms part of the carriage, engine, or roller, so that as the substitute
wheels revolve (or wheel revolves) the entire apparatus travels at the
speed required, and a steering wheel being placed at the front or other
suitable part of the carriage frame enables the carriage, engine, or roller
to be guided where required.
The carriage, engine, or roller, to which this improved means of
locomotion is applied cannot be top heavy and will not require any
tender, as the necessary fuel is carried by itself; and by applying an
engine and boiler to meet the requirements of the case it can be worked
any desired power or speed.
up to
When the Invention is applied to steam carriages to carry passengers
or goods on common roads, the front of the carriage is fitted up for the
purpose, and if required, other carriages can be coupled on in the
ordinary manner.
When applied to a traction or other similar engine the apparatus is
constructed sufficiently powerful to meet the requirements of the case.
And when applied to a railway or other similar engine the wheels or

page_text: substitutes are shaped or modified so as to fit the rails and run safely
thereon, and when to a steam road roller or for other similar purposes
the wheels or substitutes are constructed sufficiently heavy, so as to be
adapted to the work required, but in all such cases the principle of the
Invention as above described is strictly adhered to.
I prefer to use a boiler constructed in manner hereafter described.
Having thus far described the said Invention, more particularly as
regards the nature thereof, which is herein-before particularly described
and ascertained, I will now refer to the accompanying Drawings, so as
with the aid of the foregoing statements to particularly describe and
ascertain in what manner the said Invention is to be performed or
carried out in practice.
In said Drawings Fig. 1 is a side view of a carriage with my Invention
applied thereto; Fig. 2, a view of the traction or motive arrangements
adopted by me; Fig. 3, view of the annulus shewing the internal
teeth; Fig. 4, plan view of the traction or motive arrangements; Fig. 5,
view of the boiler.
A denotes the boiler from which steam is conveyed to the cylinders B
(one only shewn) by means of a slide valve which may be of the
ordinary kind, which, acting on the pistons therein, motion can therefrom
be communicated by any suitable arrangements to the connecting rod C,
which is attached to the axle of the toothed wheel D, which gears into
another toothed wheel E separately secured on an axle e, and to which is
also secured the toothed driving wheel F which gears into the internal
teeth of the annulus or wheel G, causing the same to rotate, and giving
motion to the whole carriage or vehicle marked H. J denotes the fixed
frame around which the annulus or substitute wheel works. K are slits
or slots in fixed frame for guiding the piston rods.
One cylinder and appliances only are seen in the Drawings, but it
will be obvious to the practical man that the same arrangement of
mechanism is fitted to each annulus or substitute wheel G, shewn in plan
(Fig. 4), the steam for driving both pistons proceeding from one boiler
which is placed between the two annulus G, as shewn in Fig. 4. The
whole of the body of the machine and carriage (that is, the working parts
together with the boiler) are secured by means of stays or spindles M,

page_text: run through from one side to the other, secured by nuts N. The friction
rollers on which the annulus runs are marked O. The toothed wheel P
which can be thrown in and out of gear is for regulating the speed on
one engine with the other.
In the separate view, Fig. 5, of the boiler, which is of the multitubular
kind, the improved arrangements of construction for producing greater
heating surface are shown; it will be seen that the fire R is placed under
the boiler, and the heat therefrom traverses the whole length and thence
through the tubes S, and up the flue T. W is the steam chest. X is a
water space connected with boiler.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the toothed wheels E and F, secured to
axle e, as herein-before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my Invention, and in what manner the same may be performed
or carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim, the Invention the
nature whereof is herein-before described and illustrated by the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Isaacks Sands, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
THOMAS MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Assn., Limited,
21, Cockspur Street.
JAMES I. SANDS. (L.S.)