IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stuart, of No. 7, Wigmore Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Optician, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES."
A communication from abroad by Joseph Zentinayer, of Philadelphia, in the
United States of America. Optician.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stuart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1876.
JOHN STUART, of No. 7, Wigmore Street, in the County of Middlesex, Optician.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES."
The Invention consists of a method by which the mirror stem of the microscope
(which also carries the sub-stage for holding the illuminating and polarising
apparatus and other accessories) may be swung sideways in either direction, having
for its axis of revolution a line intersecting the stage of the miscroscope, which
stage may also turn independently in the same axis. In this manner the stage and
sub-stage can be set or clamped at any required angle to the axis of the microscope
or relative with each other, each stage being fixed by a separate nut.
The coarse adjustment for focusing may be of the usual rack and pinion form,
the fine focusing adjustment is obtained by a second slide parallel with the other,
this slide which carries the body of the microscope is pressed downwards by a
spring, the body being raised or lowered by a lever and screw acting on the second
slide.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Stuart in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st February
1877.
JOHN STUART, of No. 7, Wigmore Street, in the County of Middlesex, Optician.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES." A communication from abroad by Joseph
Zentmayer, of Philadelphia, in the United States of America, Optician.
This Invention has for its object.improvements in microscopes by means of which
the sub-stage carrying the illuminating apparatus and accessories (together with the
[Price Gd.1

page_text: also made to swivel or turn independently on a separate pivot or joint, having for
its axis of rotation the aforesaid line.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention I will now by the aid of 1
the accompanying Drawings describe more particularly the manner in which the same
may be performed or carried into effect. In each of the Figures in the said Drawings
the same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents in sectional elevation a portion of a microscope with the
said Invention applied thereto, and Figure 2 is a cross section taken through the
line V, W, on Figure I of the body of the microscope shewing the slides for coarse
and fine adjustment for focusing.
S is the bar or limb carrying the body with coarse and fine adjustments et ceterae of
the microscope, and is supported on its stand by an axis in the ordinary manner.
A is the stem or part of the microscope which carries the sub-stage B, (together
with the mirror if required), which sub-stage B holds the illuminating and
polarizing apparatus and other accessories. This stem or part A is attached to
the bar or limb S, by the sleeve or socket I, clamped by the nut J, and on the
sleeve or socket I, the said stein or part A, may be swung sideways in either
direction to the right or left either below or above the stage of the microscope
the axis of revolution of which is the line X, Y, that is a line in the plane of the
object to be viewed on the stage C, intersected by the optical axis of the instru-
ment, that is, the line N, O, passing through the centre of the body and the
object glass of the microscope. The object stage C, of the microscope is also
attached to the bar or limb S by the pin or pivot C', terminated by the screen C³,
which pin C passes through the centre of the sleeve or socket I, and turns therein
so that the stage C, may be made to swivel or turn in either direction in con-
junction with or independent of the stein or part A, the axis of its revolution.
being also the before-mentioned line X, Y.
By the herein described arrangement the object stage C, and the stem or part A,
carrying the sub-stage (together with the mirrow if required), may be set at an
angle to the axis of the microscope either below or above the said line X, Y,
intersecting the plane of the object to be viewed and also relative to each other,
and when so set the object stage C, may be clamped at the desired angle by the
nut D on the screw C, acting on the bar or limb S, and the washer or collar K.
The coarse adjustinent for focussing may be of the ordinary rack and pinion
form, the slide of which is shewn at E in Figure 2. The fine focussing adjustment
may be obtained by means of the second slide E, parallel with the other slide E'.
In use this slide E is pressed downwards by a spring O, the body being raised!
or lowered by the fine adjustment screw acting by means of the lever H on the
second slide E.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same may be performed or carried into
effect, I would remark that I am aware that microscopes have been heretofore

page_text: made in which a stem or tail piece has been applied so as to swing from a centre
situate below the plane of the object stage, and therefore no claim is herein made
in general to a stein or tail piece made so as to be swung in this position, but the
Invention which I consider to be novel and therefore desire to be secured to me by
the herein in part recited Letters Patent is-
First. The making the stem or part A which carries the sub-stage B, (together
with the mirror if desired) to swing to the right or to the left either below or above
the stage of the microscrope on a centre sleeve socket or joint I, the axis of revo-
lution whereof is the line X, Y, in the plane of the object to be viewed on the stage C,
intersected by the optical axis, that is, the line N, O, passing through the centre
of the body F, and the object glass of the microscope substantially as described and
shewn in the Drawing.
Secondly. The arrangement herein described and shewn in the Drawing for
enabling the object stage C, to swivel or turn on a centre or pivot within the
sleeve or socket I, so that the axis of rotation of the object stage C, shall be from
the same centre as that on which the stem or part A turns to the right or left
and the method of clamping the object stage C in the required angle, as herein
described and shewn in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Stuart, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JOHN STUART. (L.S.)