IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NECK AND ATHER ZAING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Ernest Orry, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NECK AND
ATHER ZAING”
Sealed the 28th May 1878, and dated the 2nd April 1878.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Jules Ernest Orry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1878.
JULES ERNEST ORRY, of Paris, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF NECK AND OTHER CHAINS."
The object of this Invention is to manufacture flexible chains of gold, silver, or other
metal having an appearance of massiveness, and possessing a strength hitherto
unattainable with the use of a similar weight of metal. The links of this chain
are composed of plates of thin metal stamped out in the form of a ring with spurs
projecting therefrom, such spurs being at equal distances apart, and so proportioned
that the spurs of one ring will fit the space of the next adjoining ring.
These rings may be made of any desired form, for example, a regular polygon,
having any number of sides, or an irregular polygon or a circle, or an ellipse.
The spurs of the one ring or link are intended to overlap or enclose the next
adjacent link, and thus to unite the several parts of the chain together. The
links are, however, spaced out by the interposition of filling or gauge rings formed
of a metal that may be dissolved out by an acid that will not affect the metal of
which the chain is composed. These filling rings remain in place until the mani-
pulation of the chain is completed, after which they are dissolved out, leaving the
tubular chain both light and supple.

page_text: In order to explain the manner of carrying out the Invention, reference is made
to the accompanying Drawing, in which,--
Figs. 1 and 2 represent in plan and edge views a plate of inetal stamped out
to form a link, which plate may consist of gold, silver, or platinum. This link
blank consists of a ring a, from which stand out at equal distances apart spurs
a¹, a¹, a', say, five in number, but more or less may be employed. The spurs of two
adjacent links are so situate with regard to each other that, on placing the two
together, the spurs of the one will fill the spaces of the other, as shewn in Figure 6.
Figures 3 and 4 shew the second element (viz., the filling or gauge ring) employed
in the construction of the chain. This is a ring of zinc a², and which is of exactly
the same shape as the ring a of the link.
To construct the chain a, die D, see Figures 9 and 11, is employed. A link
blank a is placed on the die D, and upon it is placed a ring of zinc a², and then a
second link blank a'. A taper mandril B of a corresponding shape to that which it is
desired to give the chain) is then introduced, and the spurs of the lower link a arc
turned up (by means of a suitable tool), and round the zinc a² and the link a', and
the manufacture of the chain is commenced. The inandril B should then be with-
drawn, and another mandril C (Fig. 12) introduced in its place. This mandril C is
composed of a part c, which fits the interior of the links, and an enlarged part c¹,
which rests upon the turned-up spurs. By striking this mandril C the links will
be forced into the die D, and pushed down until the projections d, d¹, d¹¹, of the
mandril C by coming into contact with the top of the die prevent any further
downward movement of the mandril.
During this operation the part c' of the mandril C will be forced into the hollow
part of the die, and squeezed against the turned-over spurs, thereby securing the
attachment of the first link to the second. The spurs of the second link blank are
then to be turned up into the spaces f, f1, of the mandril C, after which the die is
to be withdrawn. Another ring of zinc is next to be placed between the spurs of
the second link blank, and above the zinc a third link blank corresponding in form
to the first. The other mandril B is then to be applied to the die as before, and
the spurs of the underlying blank being turned over the uppermost blank the
mandril is withdrawn and replaced by the mandril C, by the aid of which a second
link is formed similar to the first. This operation has only to be repeated in order
to obtain an indefinite length of chain.
In order to complete the chain, when the desired length is obtained, it is to be
passed on to a long steel mandril previously covered with zinc or other suitable
inetal, the chain is then placed between a pair of dies similar to those shewn at
Fig. 13, and compressed therein to give to the chain its desired sectional shape.
The chain thus formed will be rigid, as it contains all the base metal rings firmly
held between its several links.
In order to remove these gauge rings it is only necessary to immerse the chain in
sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, which acid having no affinity for the metal of which
the chain is composed will act only on the baser metal and dissolve it out, leaving
the chain light and supple.
Fig. 14 shows the chain complete, g being a face and a space. The only thing
that now remains to be done is to solder clasps or other ornaments on to the two
ends of the chain, according to the use to which the chain is to be put.
From the foregoing it will be understood that the Invention is applicable to the
manufacture of chains of various sizes and weights, a proportionately massive
appearance being always secured, as no portion of the metal is uselessly employed,
the chain being held together by the bent-over spurs, which, while forming the
diameter of the chain, act as claws and grip the links together.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of
Neck and other Chains," and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim, the manufacture of neck and
other chains by connecting together hollow link blanks in the manner described,

page_text: such links being spaced by gauge rings that will admit of being removed whon
the manufacture of the chain is completed without injury to the chain, as above
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Ernest Orry, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
J. E. ORRY. (L.S.)