Improvements in Roving or Bobbin and Fly Frames and in other similar Apparatus Used in the Treatment of Textile Materials.
Year: 1887

page_text: Improvements in Roving or Bobbin and Fly Frames and in other
similar Apparatus Used in the Treatment of Textile Materials.
We, EDOUARD DERVIEU, of 51 rue de Provence, Banker, JEAN VAN DER ZEÉ, of
26 rue Chaptal, Gentleman, and JULES FAYOLLET, of 43 rue Turbigo, Civil Engineer,
all in Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention has for object a number of improvements applicable to the machinery
used in the preparatory treatment of textile materials for working yarn, known as
roving bobbin and fly frames, as well as to all other machinery serving to wind upon
tubes or bobbins coarse rovings and single or combined threads whether twisted
or not.
In order to accurately demonstrate the importance of the said improvements, wo
shall take, as an example, and as a type for comparison, a roving or bobbin and fly
frame, such as used in cotton spinning. The essential operations of such a machine
are three in number, the drawing or refining of the coarse rovings, their torsion or
twisting, and their winding. We shall successively examine our various improve-
ments in the devices or parts serving to carry out these various operations. In order
to render the description clearly understandable we shall refer to the accompanying
drawings. Fig. 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, of our improved roving or
bobbin and fly frame. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the same, near the footstep of the
spindles, and on line x, y, of fig. 1. Figs. 3 to 64 are detailed views of the improved
component parts or pieces of our improved machinery.
Drawing operation. The drawing or refining of slivers in the bobbin and fly frames
used for cotton spinning results from the rolling up on one another of three rows
(sometimes four in the case of slubbing frames) of fluted rollers imparting a motion

page_text: to rollers covered with elastic material, forming nippers, and termed pressure rollers.
The coarse rovings delivered to the winding off are only subjected to a uniform
thinning out between the rollers if the pressure rollers have been mathematically
developed upon the fluted rollers, that is to say, if no slippage las taken place between
them. Such a uniformity of drawing cannot be obtained with the bobbin and fly
frames now in use, by reason of the various defects attached thereto, and owing
particularly to the improper direction of the pressure exerted upon the upper rollers,
and to the defective employment of the pressure hooks and pressure weights. More-
over, alterations in the form of the rollers are produced at their line of contact in
consequence of the stiffness and rigidity of these parts of the bobbin and fly frames
and of the want of homogenity in the clothing of the upper rollers, the effect of such
alterations of form being increased during the working by the oscillations produced
by the pressure weights which cause the pressure exerted upon the rollers to be
irregular. These effects are intensified by the periods of stoppage of the bobbin and
fly-frames, or by the continuous pressure exerted upon the leather covered rollers, the
latter losing their cylindrical form, whence it results a gradual wearing out of the
collars of the said rollers and of their guides which increases the above injurious
effects. On the other hand, there occurs slippages during the motion of the pressure
rollers upon the fluting of the lower rollers, which gradually scrape the smooth
epidermis of the leather covering the said pressure rollers. A further result from
the above is the tearing or stripping of filaments which deposit upon the caps, or
cleaning rollers, thus adding another cause of irregularity to the sliver. The improve-
ments which we have effected in the drawing mechanism enable us to avoid these
various defects. The rods or pressure hooks B, B (figs. 1 and 3) which act upon the
pressure rollers are guided by the holes D, D' formed in the roller carriers C, C¹, these
holes being provided, as required, with moveable linings or eyelets of metal, glass,
porcelain, or the like, in order to facilitate the sliding motion of the rods and hooks.
This arrangement causes the pressure to be normal at E, to the pressure rollers, the
result being a decrease of friction and also a reduction in the wear of the collars of
the said rollers, and hence a more perfect developement of the same. On the other
hand, the rods F, F1, connecting the rods B, B', to the pressure weights are formed
with double rings, the upper rings being used to facilitate the raising of the pressure
weights, while the lower rings serve as a rest for the levers relieving the pressure
at EE, when the frame is stopped.
The pressure weights GG, act by means of springs located within them, this
arrangement produces a constant pressure at E E, and thus maintains the cylindrical
form of the pressure rollers while, at the same time, keeping them in good order, the
result being a better drawn and more regular product than heretofore.
Alongside the frame is an eccentric shaft H (figs. 1, 3, 9) upon which rest the
levers I, I, arranged in front of each set of rods F, F. When the eccentric shaft H,
is caused to accomplish half a revolution, the levers I, I', are raised and carry with
them the hooks F, F while pressing against the lower rings, the result of which is a
relief of pressure at E, E. This raising mechanism is connected to the detent, or
cut off gear, of the machine which effects its stoppage, and sets it going in such a
manner that one of these motions cannot take place without the other. Upon the
front of the machine is arranged, at J, a metallic or wooden cover or closing device,
serving to conceal the pressure organs, and to intercept the currents of air produced
by the flyers, and by the bobbins. A similar constant pressure contrivance to that
exerted upon the drawing roller K, may be applied to machines provided with gills
and pressure levers L, as shewn in fig. 4 of the drawings. Several openings may be
formed in the pressure hook M, for the purpose of hooking on the rod provided with
double rings Fu, when the diameters of the pressure rollers are decreased, so that the
said rod should not be shifted in a vertical direction. The pressure at M³, may be
relieved by a raising mechanisin similar to that shewn in fig. 3. The action of the
counterweight is rendered constant and smooth by means of a spring arranged within
the lever and resting upon an india rubber ring r¹.

page_text: Figs. 5 and 6, shew a double lever acting simultaneously upon two pressure
hooks (fig. 4). In this case, the pressure rollers being liable to assume unequal
diameters, the lever is provided with two cast iron boxes N1, in which are located the
springs and india-rubber washers, the said boxes carrying, moreover, screws 0, 0¹
allowing the position of the lever to be accurately regulated by compensating the
variations of the diameters of the pressure rollers.
Fig. 7 shews the application of our improved pressure arrangement to machines
with needle rollers, and with one or two drawing rollers, as shewn in fig. S. Fig. 9
shews a front view of the mode of suspending the weights G, G, and of the eccentric
shaft H, herein before referred to. This shaft is set in motion by a gearing composed
of a helicoidal wheel and an endless screw QQ, located between the cylinder carrier
and the frame Q¹¹. Qis a cover placed over the wheel Q.
Fig. 10 is a plan view shewing the raising mechanism for the counter weights, above
mentioned with reference to figs. 1 and 3.
Figs. 1, 11, 12 and 13 are side and front views of a novel arrangement of sheet iron
coarse roving preservers which enable the attendant to simultaneously shift, at the
moment of rising, all the sheet iron plates at one stroke of a lever. Alongside the
cylinder carrier R there is placed a small iron or steel shaft R, mounted upon
the bearings R, and carrying at each head, two tappets S, integrally formed therewith
and against which bear the guides S of the plates S". The said coarse roving
preservers or sheet iron plates are suspended upon two studs T fixed in S¹.
The tappets S are fixed upon the shaft R which imparts a motion thereto, and are
arranged opposite the brackets carrying the fluted rollers, and on the right and left
hand side of the supports R' fixed against the cylinder carriers. Between the
supports R and the tappets S, and at the right and left hand side of the former, is
located a guide S', loosely mounted upon the shaft R. These guides S' rest upon the
tappets S which prevent them from following impulsions arising from their want of
equilibrium. Hence, if no tappets were provided the guides S¹ would become inverted
while turning upon the shaft R. It will be obvious that should the tappets S be
shifted, the guides S¹ will be likewise displaced, as they follow the former in their
motion.
Each guide S carries a stud T. The space between two supports of the fluted
rollers corresponding to that between two corresponding guides S¹ (provided with a
stud each) is occupied, by a sheet iron preserver S. The latter can be placed over
the studs T so as to be suspended thereon, this being effected by means of suitable
slots formed in the said sheet iron preservers, as shewn in fig. 13. As shewn in
figures 11 and 13 the supports R are bordered with large ribs inter-crossing on the
right and on the left hand side with the extremities of the preservers S", so that if one
of the latter is disengaged from its two suspension studs, it slides between these ribs in
order to rest on its bottom, and can be made to disappear whenever required.
To one extremity of the shaft R. (fig. 12) is fixed a lever T, serving as a handle,
and resting upon the metallic locking plate J. Upon the lever T¹ pivots a stops
hook T, passing through a notch of the plate J. When it is required to take out a
flyer W, or to effect the doffing, or generally to shift the plates S", the lever handle T
is drawn forward towards the attendant until the stop hook T" is caused to withdraw
its cramp T from the locking plate J, the said cramp bearing then upon the latter,
while the preserver plates S are now brought in the position S. In order to with-
draw one of the latter plates, the same is caused to slide in the hollow parts of the
bearings R figs. 11 & 13 and for that purpose it is slightly raised so as to disengage
it from the suspension studs T, and then withdrawn or allowed to descend in the
hollow parts of the said bearings. These improvements in the coarse roving preservers
or sheet iron plates, allow of a considerable saving of time being effected, while the
coarse rovings are kept in good order, a double advantage in the production of the
frame being thus secured.
Torsion or twisting. This second operation is effected by the flyers, but the forma-
tion of the twisted coarse rovings can only be successful when the line bisecting the

page_text: angle formed by the last fluted roller with its pressure roller is, as near as possible, in
the mean direction of the slivers at the flyers. This we obtain by arranging the
surface of the drawing rollers in the form of an inclined plane (figs. 1 and 3). The
result is that the coarse rovings are better filled, stronger, smoother, more regular and
can be better drawn in their subsequent treatment by other machines, while giving
less waste and assuring more production than has hitherto been accomplished. The
twisting proper is terminated at the flyers, and these pieces as now constructed have
the defect of stripping the slivers of filaments, or portions of filaments, on their
passage through the perforations of the top and in the hollow arm, thus rendering the
coarse roving fluffy and irregular. On the other hand, their great weight forms an
impediment to a large production and necessitates the employment of large size
spindles consuming a large amount of motive power. Our improved flyer, represented
in sectional elevation in fig. 14, and details of which are shown in figs. 15 to 24,
permits the various defects above mentioned being remedied. Fig. 14 is a sectional
elevation of the flyer. Fig. 15 is a cross section on line G H of fig. 14 of one of the
arms of the said flyer. Fig. 16 is a cross section on line CD, and Fig. 17 a cross
section on line EF of Fig. 18, which shews, on a larger scale, the detail of the upper
part of the flyer. Fig. 19 is a top view of such upper part. Fig. 20 is a section on
line x, y, of fig. 18. Figs. 21, 22, 23 and 24 shew details of the lower opening of the
arm, and of the compression of the flyer. This improved flyer is composed, as shewn
in the drawings, of several parts A, A¹, A", A¹ of malleable cast iron, made in one
piece. At A is fitted, by means of a plug of suitable form introduced into the top
of the flyer, the box B, made of steel or of tempered iron. The arm B is likewise
fixed at B, after the part A, and is formed of sheet iron or steel according to length.
Through the perforations and Cand at A¹ passes a small bent tube of nickel
plated brass or zinc, serving for the passage of the coarse roving which is thus
prevented from being stripped 1 either at this place, as is the case in flyers of usual
construction, 2 or at the back of the arm A, wherein is formed a channel D, serving
to shelter the sliver passing therethrough and through the eye piece D¹, from the
air currents produced, 3 or again along the hollow tube having, in our improved flyer,
the slot of its arm placed inside towards the spindle. A small plate D², formed of a
thin sheet of zinc is soldered to the arm A and forms a mouth or funnel, through
which the coarse roving passes and thence descends through the moveable funnel E
(figs. 14, 21 and 22) in order to be wound upon the compressor K (figs. 14, 22, 23,
24) and subsequently upon the bobbin. The moveable mouth or funnel E (figs. 14,
21, 22), made of thin sheet iron, or zinc, nickel plated, is formed of two branches or
arms F, F, hinged to the axis G; the arm F is soldered upon the arm B of the
flyer, and a small spiral spring arranged between F and F, presses, by means of one
of its extremities, within the arm F1, so that when the armis B and F¹ are pressed
together, the mouth E is opened and the sliver can be inserted therein and engaged
under the projection K (figs. 22 and 23) in order to be subsequently wound upon the
compressor L (figs. 22, 23, 24).
Two
In order to counterpoise the effect of centrifugal power which tends to open the
compressor, the latter pivots at O, O' upon an axis passing through a small metal box
(figs. 22, 23, 24) carrying two small spiral springs arranged within the same.
of the extremities of the said springs, by bearing upon the metal box P force the two
other extremities to press against the rod R of the compressor and cause it to be
applied against the bobbin.
Fig. 25 illustrates the case where, while retaining the use of the above mentioned
box P, the inside springs are dispensed with; the latter is then replaced by a rod S,
pivoting with the compressor and acting as a counterweight thereto.
Figs. 26, 26, shew the elevation and plan of a modification in which the two
descending arms are of sheet iron or steel connected together at their lower part by
a light ring of the form shewn in Figs. 27, 28, 29. At the upper part, the coarse
roving simply passes over the back of the arm A guided by a single pin Y.
Fig. 30 shews the half of a modification having two symmetrical compressors

page_text: provided with all the above mentioned appliances. In Fig. 31, the flyer is solid, but
for the passage or eye-piece allowed for the coarse roving, and it is further provided
with a ring at its lower part, as shewn in fig. 26.
Fig. 32 shews one half of a modification of a solid flyer arranged at its upper part
in a similar manner to that shewn in fig. 14. In order that the action of the above
mentioned springs should be constant for all the positions of the compressor, we use
(fig. 33) a small spiral spring A, which is covered with a sheath by the side of the
outer wall of the hollow arm of the flyer upon which it is hooked at B. Upon this
spring, rest at C, the two arms of the two small spiral springs whose extremities D
press upon the rod of the compressor.
Fig. 34 shews an arrangement provided with a counterweight serving to counter
balance the compressor. Upon the axis of the said bar I, and as a substitute for
the two small spiral springs, pivots at M M, a counterweight E, placed in contact
with the rod K of the compressor by means of the blade G. Under the action of
centrifugal force, the said blade G presses upon the rod K, and maintains the com-
pressor L against the bobbin. Our improved flyer thus constructed is in the best
conditions for preserving intact the coarse roving passing through it, while effecting a
great economy of motive power and assuring a maximum of production.
The spindles, which together with the flyers are the parts effecting the twisting
of the coarse roving have of late, in order to increase the production of bobbin and
fly frames, by means of an increase of speed, been made of very large sizes, varying
from 18 mm in diameter by 790 m.m in length to 22 mm in diameter & 1085 m.m
in length. Such dimensions have for consequence, a large consumption of motive
power, and necessitate a frequently repeated lubrication which, as it cannot be carried
out without stopping the frame, causes considerable loss of time.
Our improved spindles shewn in figs. 35 to 43 of the drawings are, on the contrary,
of reduced dimensions, varying from 11 mm in diameter by 800 m.m in length
millemetres to 9 mm in diameter by 600 m.m in length according as they are used
for coarse or fine bobbin and fly frames.
The pieces imparting a motion to the spindles are composed, as shewn in fig. 35
of the drawings, of a sheath or tube A, which holds the spindle in position, and
upon this spindle rests the head A¹ of the flyer.
At the lower part of the spindle (fig. 39) is fixed, upon a screw thread, a small
tray M, through which pass the pins M fixed on the carrier N. In order to with-
draw the spindle it is sufficient to unscrew it out of the tray M, in a contrary
direction to that of the motion. P is a spherical step capable of assuming the same
inclinations as the spindle, or its sheath; B is one half of a wharve connected with
the pivot N which turns constantly in an oil bath. is the other half of the said
wharve which may be pushed to and from the first half B, and is formed integrally
with the latter in a circular direction. I) is a reservoir fixed to the half wharve B
in both directions. Between C and D is arranged a spiral spring E, pressing the
half wharve C against the half wharve B. It should be mentioned that the foot
step P, connected to the half wharve B, so as to exert a frictional strain thereon, turns
with the foot of the spindle where there can consequently be no friction and no
lateral wear produced. In the sheath of the spindle (fig. 39) are inserted spiral
springs and open tubes of tinned iron, or of thin zinc, provided with a slot arranged
in a helicoidal form, as well as the two metal bushes. The whole of this arrangement
has for object to cause the oil to ascend in consequence of the rotation of the spindle.
Fig. 40 shews the sheath of a spindle provided with a spherical rotula, serving to
compensate the slight defects of concentricity which may exist between the sheath B B,
and the tube of the bobbin carrier. In this case the support B is made in two pieces,
divided vertically.
Fig. 38 shows an arrangement of spindle driven by a helicoidal gearing.
Fig. 41 illustrates the application of improved continuous lubricating studs to the
mechanism driving the rollers which support the endless belts serving to ensure the
proper working of the motor parts, shown in figs. 42 and 43. The construction of

page_text: these studs is clearly shewn in detail in fig. 41. The guiding rollers of the endless
belts are provided internally with vertical journals, whose heads pivot upon screws
serving to pass vertically against the step brackets and the oil cup carriers, and
entering into the hollow part of the rollers. Cavities are arranged within the said
boxes to form oil reservoirs, the renewal of such oil being effected three or four times
a year. The journals, the screws, and the cups are of tempered metal. Figs. 42
and 48 likewise illustrate the respective position of the spindle and of the bobbin tube
drivers, and the mode of driving which may be resorted to. This mode may be
interchanged, or merely produced by helicoidal wheels, or other improved meaus.
Winding of the slivers. This last operation gives rise to a series of applications of
the highest importance, contributing to a great extent, to the economical results which
An iron tube BB
obtain with our improved roving or bobbin and fly frames.
(fig. 35) is connected to the support B₁ tightly pressed upon the carriage B by the
nut B. The to and fro motion of the carriage B is thus communicated to the
tube B B, which surrounds at C, the sheath of the spindle, and maintains its rigidity.
C is the wooden tube of the bobbin, and C an antifrictional metal bush, located
within this tube and fitting against a small antifrictional ring of metal A, located within
the wooden tube C¹, of the bobbin. Another tube E, of brass, iron, or other suitable
metal, surrounds the tube B B, and revolves thereon, by means of an antifrictional
bush F, of copper, or of other suitable metal. Upon the tube E is fixed the barrel of
the tray G, and the trays Hand H" are connected to the latter by means of the
tube M formed integrally with the tray G. The tray H is capable of moving from
top to bottom, the tray H has only a rotary motion, the tray I turns loosely upon the
tube E E, and rests upon a bush of tempered steel arranged between G and I.
At K is placed a second bush and a ring K. These bushes which can be replaced
when required, are more or less thick according to the position which the tray I,
should occupy relatively to the tray G. L is a conical box which receives the wooden
tube C. The whole arrangement rotates in the box or support B, and in a
continuous oil bath arranged in the following manner. There is a considerable space
between the above described tube B B, and the edges of the perforation formed in the
barrel of the support B, in which space rotates the second tube E clutching the
tube B B by means of its flange F. It is in the space left between the tube E and
the edges of the barrel opening or perforation B", that the oil serving to form a
continuous bath is placed, so as to communicate at the bottom with the hole in the
flange F. This oil should be renewed three or four times a year. Between the trays I
and G are placed the flexible and elastic driving parts of the tube C¹, hereinafter
referred to.
Fig. 36 shows a bobbin driver arranged under similar conditions to the above, and
actuated by a helicoidal wheel train.
Fig. 37 shews a bayonet joint connection between the conical box L and the
tube C. An advantageous arrangement consists in forming the racks a of the
carriage in one piece with their sliding guides (fig. 1), while in the usual bobbin
and fly frames these pieces are made separate and bolted together, the rack being con-
sequently out of the true. There occurs, as a result thereof, dislocations and elastic
actions which often render the operation of the carriage hard and jerky. Hence in
one arrangement the bobbin carriage has a to and fro motion, while the spindle
carriage is fixed.
Another improvement consists in locating (figs. 1 and 2) the counterweights c of
the carriage, the pullies d, and the chains e of these counterweights, in a sort of
sheath, cast in a piece with the intermediate frames of the machine.
In the bobbin and fly-frames now in use the winding of the coarse rovings is
effected by the arrangement of two cones actuating a differential wheel, whose variable
action is transmitted to the bobbins. These parts are liable, particularly at starting,
to slip, and the effect of such slippage is transmitted to the bobbins, the result being a
number of tensional strains in the coarse roving and consequently some irregularities
- termed cuttings which may cause the breaking of the sliver, waste stopping of the

page_text: machinery and a decrease in the production. In other cases, there occur contrary
actions which proceed from a want of tension, the bobbin acquiring abnormal
diameter, while there is subsequently an excess of tension which causes partial
breakages or cuttings, and lastly the rupture of the slivers. The bobbins are more-
over badly formed, collapses of the coats taking place at the conical parts thereof
which, when the coarse roving are unwound, are the cause of considerable waste.
Our improvements in these parts consist in replacing the cones by an improved
expansion pulley. This pulley is formed as shewn in an open position in fig. 44, and
in a closed position in fig. 45, of articulated and crossed segments which, by opening,
increase its diameter. When the segments are provided with projections as shewn in
fig. 45 of the drawings, this apparatus consequently becomes an expansion grooved
pulley. These segments rest, as shewn in figs. 46, 47, 48, upon two cones A A¹,
whose collars are located in two sliding pieces B B', moveable upon iwo guiding rods
and connected by means of a screw thread to two tapped rods E E¹. These cones are
moveable on their shaft, and upon cotters imparting a motion thereto, four of the
lower segments diametrically opposed are provided below with rollers fitting into four
helicoidal grooves formed in each cone, and thereby a motion is imparted to the
expansible crown of the pulley. This expansible pulley being curved and the belt
being guided near to it by the two guiding pulleys S and ST, this arrangement is
sufficient to prevent any deviation taking place, as the grooves of the cones are
helicoidal in shape, and the rollers of the lower segments rest against the curvature
and likewise maintain the segments in a central position. Besides, the cones upon
which rest the segments would suffice to maintain such position. The wheels F, F1, F
impart a motion to these rods E, E, which bring together or separate the two
cones A A¹, thus causing the expansion pulley to assume variable diameters. The
wheels F, F, F, are set in motion by a couple of bevil wheels G, and the pinion H
in gear with the rack H¹; it is the rack which in the bobbin and fly frames hitherto
used actuates the shifting motion of the belts of the cones, such rack having a lateral
shifting motion for each coat of the bobbins. Motion is transmitted from the
expansion pulley to the differential wheel in the manner shewn in fig. 47.
:
The wheel mounted upon the shaft carrying the ordinary upper cone, is provided
with a double lever L", articulated thereon, and upon this lever rotates the wheel L
which imparts a motion to the wheel I. K is the pulley actuating the expansion
pulley. A spring M, and a counterweight N, act upon the chain Parranged upon a
Sector fixed to the double lever L". The lever L oscillates upon its axis and
constantly stretches the belt R, passing below two guiding pulley's S, S¹. In this
manner no slippage of the belt can occur, the theoretical speed of the differential
wheel being thus ensured, and the more so as its action require much less power in
consequence of the decrease in the motive power consumed by the bobbin drivers.
Spindle and bobbin driving. The improvements which we have effected in the
driving mechanism of the spindles and bobbins complete the series of improvements
made in the construction of roving or bobbin and fly frames and contribute, to a large
extent, towards the economical results hereinbefore referred to.
Instead of applying the driving power to one side only of the part which has to be
set in motion, as has hitherto been practised, we drive it simultaneously on two sides
diametrically opposite. We thus counterbalance the pressures communicated thereto
by the driving motion, and we suppress the friction resulting from the driving means
hitherto resorted to. We communicate a motion to the drivers by means of endless
cords which may be made of textile materials, of leather, of india rubber, or of a
mingling of these materials, or again by means of endless belts made of any suitable
material, or of a mingling of several or all of them. We apply these cords or belts as
shewn in plan views to the step supports (fig. 2) and to the carriage (fig. 49). These
belts or cords pass in front of and behind the drivers setting them in motion either
with an amount of friction whose intensity can be regulated, or by contact, or by the
gear or harness of special appendages with which the belts and the wharves of the
drivers are covered. We have already described these wharves, with reference to
the spindles and to the bobbin drivers (figs. 35, 36, 38, 42 and 43) and they are

page_text: reproduced with some modifications in figs. 50, 51, 52, 53, and 54. We have
mentioned before that they were composed of two parts one of which is moveable in
the direction of its axis A, and pressed by a spiral spring B against the other part C,
leaving a circular groove between the two which tends to become tightened under the
action of the said spring. It will be obvious that any object seized in this groove is
subjected to a compression which may be varied according to the power of the spring.
In order to increase the intensity of such compression with reference to a piece in
motion passing through the groove D, we cover the two parts of the wharve with caps
of india-rubber, leather, or of any other more or less flexible and elastic material, so as
to form, in this manner, a sort of gear or harness of the said piece with the wharve,
thus ensuring for the latter a speed mathematically equal to the developement of the
part mentioned.
When the piece in motion is our endless belt, we form it, as shewn in elevation,
partial plan and section in figs. 55 and 56 of the drawings. This belt A carries
A lining or backing either fastened thereto, or formed integrally therewith, and made
of smooth leather, or of leather fluted on the edges C; the projecting parts of such
lining or backing may also be covered with an envelope formed of a fluted or
corrugated metal sheet. This lining passes before and behind the compressible
groove D of the wharves, and when in motion sets the latter going, the edges of the
Hutes or grooves C are pressed into the india rubber covering, while the belt proper A,
does not come into contact with the wharve, but only serves to carry away the lining
with it. The latter may be made of india-rubber, or of any other suitable material,
different to that of which the belt is formed. The belt A is set in motion by means
of motor pulleys XX', shewn in plan in fig. 2, and in elevation in figs. 57 and 58 of
the drawings. The latter figures are sectional elevations of the carriage and
of the supports carrying the foot steps, on line a of fig. 2. These pulleys are
moreover shewn drawn on a larger scale in fig. 59 of the drawings. They are
composed of two parts F, F', covered with caps E, E of india rubber, leather, or of
any other suitable material. Between these two parts, a toothed plate G is arranged,
and at the lower part thereof is mounted the motor pinion K. Their shaft L rotates
in a continuous oil bath, and bears, at its upper part, against a pivot M.
This continuous oil bath is formed as follows:-The hub of the pulley carries the
vertical journal which traverses the oil reservoir. As shown on the drawing the hub
of the bottom pinion enters the barrel of the oil reservoir and the space left between
these two parts is filled with felt, or tow, so as to prevent the oil from oozing out.
The journal rests and rotates upon the spherical part formed at its lower part.
The lining of the belt (figs. 55 and 56) being serrated, the latter can be easily
placed upon its motor pulley, and the said lining, as it enters the space left between
the two parts of the pulley, fig. 59, engages with the teeth of the plate G, the result
being a regular gearing setting the belt in motion without the slightest slippage. We
may apply this mode of setting the drivers in motion by an endless piece of machinery
in any suitable manner, and replace the friction produced by the wharves provided
with a moveable tray, by a driving with belts, provided with brushes, for example,
these belts gearing with rings upon which brushes may be also mounted, thus
forming a similar covering to that of the wharves shewn in fig. 52 of the accompanying
drawings; or again, the wharve may be furnished with a serrated ring, as shown on
the right hand side of fig. 53 of the drawings, or the wharve and the belts may be
arranged in the form of card clothing; in short, any suitable modification may
be resorted to, in order to set in motion, by means of endless organs, the spindle
and bobbin drivers.
In order to prevent the undulations of the endless motor belts or cords, and to also
diminish the tension exerted upon these parts, we arrange the motor pulleys P, P¹, at
the two extremities of the frame, as shewn in plan in fig. 2; this arrangement relieves
the tension while at the same time regulating it and ensuring the accurate developement
of the pulleys P, P. In order to thoroughly regulate such tension we place the shafts
of the pulleys XX upon the extremities of double. levers y, y¹ whose other ends are
moved by the nuts, with the aid of springs, in order to soften the tension exerted

page_text: by the pulleys oscillating upon the shaft X. The motor pulleys X X (figs. 1, 2 and
58) of the foot step support are set in motion by the motor shaft M, by means of two
belts and of intermediate gearing commencing with the pulley P; this motion, by
means of belts, may also be obtained by gearing wheels.
The motor pulleys X X of the carriage (figs. 49 and 57) are driven, at each
extremity of the frame, by the wheels N N gearing directly with the gearing of the
knee joint and transmitting a motion to the wheels T T' during the to and fro motion
of the carriage.
We have herein before referred to the endless leather bands or strips, and to an
improved arrangement of studs for the continuous lubrication of their friction rollers
employed in the driving of the spindles. In fig. 49 of the drawings these leather
straps S are shewn as guiding endless pieces imparting a motion to the spindle and
bobbin drivers. Figs. 60 and 61 shew that these leather straps are provided
outwardly with linings serrated at their edges, and between the latter, slide by
development, the motor belts of the drivers, or the cords requiring a different make of
linings. On either side these endless and lined leather straps support belts or cords
and are developed by contact at the same speed as the latter.
We now proceed to refer to the application to the winding of coarse rovings of our.
improved flexible and elastic drivers, above mentioned. These devices are shewn
in sectional clevation in figs. 50 and 51, and in plan in figs. 62, 63, and 64, of
the drawings. Their object is to make the bobbins as hard as required, to avoid the
extra tensions to which the slivers may be subjected in consequence of the frame being
improperly regulated, or of slippings of the belts in the case when two cones are.
employed, such slippings causing cuttings and even breakage of the coarse rovings.
The object of these parts is to prevent the injurious effect of such derangements, and
to cause the winding of the coarse rovings, notwithstanding the existence of such
defects, with a tension entirely harmless.
We have hereinbefore described the general arrangement of these driving parts of
the bobbins, we now add that the upper cup E of the wharve (figs. 50, 68) is
furnished with thin blades, integrally formed therewith, or fixed thereto, the lower
cup F (figs. 50, 62) being provided with a disc H, of wood, leather, or of any other
suitable material carrying as many or less rows of brushes as there are blades above;
the blades and brushes cross and pass by each other at a distance which can be
regulated as required. This arrangement may however be inverted.
The regulation being effected for a certain amount of driving or breaking power
required to be communicated to the bobbin, it will be obvious that the flexible brushes
will bend and escape more or less under the blades of A, allowing to the bobbin C but
a speed which the sliver is capable of bearing. As soon as the resistance, that is to
say the tension, of the sliver has resumed its normal state, the brushes are raised
ready to bend again under the slightest excess in the tension of the sliver.
Figs. 51 and 64 show an arrangement in which the blades and the brushes
are placed in a vertical position, the regulation being effected, as above, and producing
similar results.
Instead of brushes, any other suitable flexible and elastic means may be employed,
such as flat springs, spiral springs, parchment, paper, india-rubber, and the like.
The inside of the machine may be isolated and kept in a proper state of cleanliness
by enclosing it within shutters U (fig. 1) made of wood or metal, the work people
being thus protected against any possible accident.
We have likewise shewn in fig. 1, the application of rotating guides V, for
the impulse of the slivers and of the coarse rovings on to the fluted rollers.
Having now particularly described the nature of our Invention and the
manner in which the same may be carried into effect we claim in the construction of
roving or hobbin and fly frames, or of any other suitable frames used in the treatment
of textile materials a series of improvements capable of being applied singly or
in combination, and in particular :
First. The arrangement of pressure contrivances or devices allowing the action to be

page_text: directed normally to the tangential plane passing along the summit of the fluted rollers,
substantially as described, and as shown by way of example with reference to
figs. 1, 3, 4, 7, 9 of the accompanying, drawings.
Second. The combination, with the pressure weights, of an arrangement of any
suitable flexible and elastic devices, and in particular of spiral springs, or india-rubber
pads, in order to obtain a constant pressure and retain the form of the pressure rollers,
substantially as described, and as shewn by way of example in figs. 1, 3, 4, 7, 9 of the
accompanying drawings.
Third. The combination with the said pressure weights, of an arrangement of parts
or pieces capable of acting with the same counter weight upon several pressure rollers,
even when the said rollers assume different diameters, substantially as described,
and as shewn by way of example in figs. 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. The combination with the pressure devices acting upon the drawing rollers,
of raising devices enabling the pressure to be relieved during the stoppage of the
machine and thus conducing to the regularity of the pressure rollers, and more
particularly the combination of suspension hooks having double rings, and of an
eccentric shaft in order to attain the above object, substantially as described, and shewn
by way of example with reference to figs. 1, 3, 4, 7, 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. The combination of the novel arrangement of coarse roving preserving sheet
iron plates allowing the position of the said coarse roving preserver to be easily altered
between the first fluted roller and the flyers, substantially as described, and as shewn
by way of example in figs. 1, 11, 12, 13 of the accompanying drawings.
Sixth. The novel arrangement of flyers provided with an adjustable sleeve fitted to
the spindle head and having solid arms, or hollow arms opening inwardly, whether in
combination or not with the improved single or duplex spring compressor or counter
weight serving to compensate the action of the centrifugal force, substantially as
hereinbefore described, and as shown, by way of example, in figs. 1, 14 to 34 of the
accompanying drawings.
Seventh. The combination with the flyers, which are the principal means of effecting
the twisting operation, of a set of drawing rollers, arranged tangentially to an inclined
plane whose angle with the horizon varies and is approximately equal to the angle
with the horizon of the direction of the sliver to the flyers, substantially as herein-
before described, and as shown, by way of example, with reference to figs. 1 and 3 of
the accompanying drawings.
Eighth. The improved arrangement of oscillating, or non oscillating, spindles, kept
continuously lubricated and set in motion on two opposite sides of the wharves by
means of improved driving parts acting by friction, or clutches, or by means of
helicoidal, or other train of gearing, substantially as described, and as shewn, by way
of example, with reference to figs. 1, 38, 39, 40 and 42 of the accompanying
drawings.
Ninth. The novel mode of construction of the contrivances or devices for driving
the bobbins, such contrivances or devices being kept continuously lubricated and set
in motion, on two opposite sides of the wharves, by means of improved driving parts
acting by friction, or clutches, or by means of helicoidal, or other train of gearing,
substantially as hereinbefore described, and as shewn, by way of example, in figs. 1,
35, 36, 37 and 43 of the accompanying drawings.
Tenth. The improved expansion pulley formed of crossed and articulated segments,
actuated by an arrangement of two moveable cones and serving for the driving of the
cords or belts constituting the differential driving motion of the bobbins, substantially
as hereinbefore described, and as shewn, by way of example, in figs. 44, 45, 46, 47,
and 48 of the accompanying drawings.
Eleventh. The novel application to the driving of spindles or bobbins, of endloss
leather straps provided with friction rollers, and of the novel arrangement of con-
tinuously lubricated studs serving as guides for the cords or belts, and the novel

page_text: arrangement of double acting motor mechanism furnished with endless belts, or cords,
and with appliances, such as pulleys and gear for driving the spindles and bobbins,
substantially as hereinbefore described and as shewn in figs. 1, 2, 35, 38, 41, 43, 49
to 61, of the accompanying drawings.
Twelfth. The novel mode of application of the racks, counter-weights, and counter-
pulleys of the carriage and the improved moveable shutters under the step support,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figs. 1 and 2 of the
accompanying drawings.
Thirteenth. The novel mode of driving the spindles or bobbins by the application
of flexible and elastic organs or devices whose tension may be regulated, as required,
and which enable the winding to be effected without rupture or damage to the coarse
roving, substantially as hereinbefore described, and as shewn, by way of example, in
figs. 35, 36, 50, 51, 52, 53, 62, 63 and 64 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourteenth. The novel application, between the racks of the feeding bobbins and
the fluted rollers, of guides for the coarse roving, to which guides a rotary motion is
imparted in order to facilitate their driving and thus suppress the frequent causes
of damaged coarse rovings and waste, substantially as hereinbefore described, and as
shewn, by way of example, with reference to fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings.