Preservation of Grain and Succulent Materials.
Year: 1885

page_text: Preservation of Grain and Succulent Materials.
I, CARL RABITZ, of 7 Scharnhorst-strasse, Berlin, N.W in the Empire of
Germany, Builder do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RECEPTACLES CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR THE PRESERVATION OF GRAIN
AND SUCCULENT MATERIALS to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates chiefly to silos for preserving grain and succulent
materials.
Silos, as generally heretofore constructed, have either been made of quadrangular
shape of ordinary masonry or wood, or of a circular form of iron.
According to the present invention, use is made of a frame or skeleton of iron-
rods covered with wire-work or trellis, in combination with a layer or coating of
mortar or composition for the formation of the silo walls. The frame or skeleton
is so arranged that the materials of which the wall is constructed offer the best.
possible resistance to the pressure produced within the silo; for instance, with a
silo of from 4 to 5 metres in diameter and of from 12 to 15 metres in height a wall
having a thickness of 9cm at the lower part and of about 5cm at the upper part
is sufficient to withstand the pressure.
Silos having walls constructed in this manner are therefore considerably lighter
and cheaper than those heretofore constructed, and are also fire and weather proof.
The improved silos may be of round, square, hexagonal, or other suitable shape
in transverse section and may be united to form groups.
•
The frame or skeleton of the silo consists essentially of iron or steel rods which
are arranged vertically at distances of about 1 metre apart, and are connected with
one another at the ends, and at intermediate points, by frames of the desired shape.
This frame or skeleton of rods is secured upon a suitable foundation into which the
several vertical rods are inserted.
If the silos are built in groups, at the points where the adjacent silos meet, only
single rows of rods are used.
Upon this frame or skeleton of rods wire is stretched or woven, either spirally or
so that the convolutions cross each other; or netting or trellis which is made of
iron or steel wire is attached thereto. When a single or continuous wire is used
binding wires are plaited or twisted around the convolutions of the saine (which

page_text: are placed about 3cm apart) for connecting the said convolutions; or in case the
wires cross one another, the several convolutions are connected at the crossing
points. In this manner a reticular casing is produced, which is capable of with-
standing the lateral pressure occasioned by the materal within the silo. In case
wire-work or trellis is used, it is laid either in spiral convolutions, or in single
rings around the vertical rods and fixed to the same, the said single rings being
connected with each other by binding wires.
In group silos, the wires of the casing produced in this manner are interwoven
with each other at the points of contact, so that all the silos are secured together
at these places from the lower to the upper end.
Instead of the wire trellis work single bars may be employed. The trellis casing
may also be arranged within the vertical rods.
On the interior of the trellis casing is laid a layer of mortar or composition
about 9cm in thickness. This composition may consist of lime and plaster with
an addition of sand, glue, or dextrine, hair, and iron filings, iron turnings or
short pieces of wire; or of hydraulic lime, cement, trass, tripoli mixed with sand,
powdered slag, and particles of iron as aforesaid; or of asphalt with the addition
of lime slacked in the atmosphere, hydraulic lime, cement, sand, powdered slag and
the like.
The trellis casings can be lined internally and externally with one or more layers
of tiles covering one another at the joints, which tiles are laid in the aforesaid
composition.
Instead of using ordinary tiles, specially prepared, burnt or glazed clay plates
may be employed. Such lining plates can, however, be made from the above
mentioned mortar or compositions.
The lining can also be executed in beton and cement-concrete or composed of
burnt bricks laid with the above composition and plastered.
When the silos are arranged in groups, a common roof can be employed.
Receptacles constructed as hereinbefore described can be employed for the
preservation of liquids and the like.

page_text: .
vation of Grain and Succulent Materials.
I, CARL RABITZ of 7 Scharnhorststrasse, Berlin, N.W, in the Empire of Germany
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
This invention relates chiefly to silos for preserving grain and succulent
materials.
Silos, as generally heretofore constructed, have either been made of quadrangular
shape of ordinary masonry or wood, or of a circular form, of iron.
According to the present invention, use is made of a frame or skeleton of iron-
rods covered with wire-work or trellis, iu combination with a layer or coating of
inortar or composition for the formation of the silo walls. The frame or skeleton
is so arranged that the materials of which the wall is constructed offer the best
possible resistance to the pressure produced within the silo; for instance with a
silo of from 4 to 5 meters in diameter and of from 12 to 15 meters in height a wall
having a thickness of 9cm at the lower part and of about 5 cin at the upper part
is sufficient to withstand the pressure.
Silos having walls, constructed in this manner are therefore considerably lighter
and cheaper than those heretofore constructed, and are also fire and weather proof.
The improved silos may be of round, square, hexagonal or other suitable shape
in transverse section and may be united to form groups.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a silo consisting of seven single circular portions
grouped together.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same.
Figures 3 to 9 show in plan different forms of silos, singly and in groups.
Figure 10 shows the method of connecting a number of single circular silos.
Figures 11 to 13 show three modifications in the arrangement of the skeleton of
the single silo.
Figure 14 is a horizontal cross-section through a piece of finished wall.
The frame or skeleton of the silo consists essentially of iron or steel rods a
which are arranged vertically at distances of about 1 meter apart, and are connected
with one another at the ends and at intermediate points, by frames c-Figure 1-
of the desired shape. This frame or skeleton of rods is secured upon a suitable
foundation into which the several vertical rods are inserted.
If the silos are built in groups, as shown in Figures 2, 9 and 10, at the points
where the adjacent silos meet, only single rows of rods are used, as shown, for
instance, in Figure 10 at a, a¹.
Upon this frame or skeleton of rods, wire b is stretched or woven, either spirally
as shown in Figure 11, or so that the convolutions cross each other as shown in
Figure 12, or netting or trellis which is made of iron or steel wire is attached to
the said frame.

page_text: When a single spiral wire is used the several convolutions which are about
3 centimetres apart are braced or bound together between the rods a by the
wires d, as shown in Figures 11, or in case the wires cross one another, as in
Figure 12, the several convolutions are connected at the points at which the wires
cross. In this manner a reticular casing is produced which is capable of with-
standing the lateral pressure occasioned by the material within the silo.
If ready made wire-work or trellis is used, it is laid either in spiral convolutions,
as described with reference to Figure 11, or in single rings around the vertical
rods a and fixed to the same as shown in Figure 13, the said single rings being
connected with each other by binding wires.
In group silos, the wires of the casings produced in this manner are interwoven
with each other at the points of contact (for instance at a¹, a¹ in Figure 10) so that
all the silos are secured together at these places from the lower to the upper end.
Instead of the wire trellis-work, single bars may be employed. The trellis
casing may also be arranged within the vertical rods.
On the interior of the trellis casing is placed a layer f of mortar or composition
about 9 centimetres in thickness (Figure 14). This composition may consist of
lime and plaster with an addition of sand, glue or dextrine, hair and iron filings,
iron turnings or short pieces of wire; or of hydraulic lime, cement, trass, tripoli
mixed with sand, powdered slag and particles of iron as aforesaid; or of asphalt
with the addition of lime slaked in the atmosphere, hydraulic lime, cement, sand,
powdered slag and the like.
The trellis casings can be lined internally with one or more layers of tiles
covering one another at the joints, which tiles are laid in the aforesaid
compositions.
Instead of using ordinary tiles, specially prepared burnt or glazed clay plates
may be employed. Such lining plates can however be made from the above
mentioned mortar or compositions.
The lining can also be executed in beton or cement concrete, or composed of
burnt bricks laid with the above composition and plastered.
When the silos are arranged in groups a common roof (Figure 1) can be
employed.
Receptacles constructed as hereinafter described
preservation of liquids and the like.
1.
can be employed for the
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First A silo or receptacle, the wall of which consists of an iron frame formed
of vertical rods suitably connected together and covered with metal openwork,
which latter is coated with mortar, cement, an asphalt compound, or other suitable
composition, or lined with tiles or bricks set with the composition.
Second-The combination of several single silos to form a group, the said single
silos being constructed in such a manner and of such shape that at the points of
contact with each other the open work coverings are interwoven thus attaining a
firm connection of the single silos.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1886.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.