IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL RODS, BARS, RAFTERS, AND BEAMS FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thaddeus Hyatt, of 66, Gloucester Gardens,
Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer of Patent
Lights, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL RODS, BARS,
RAFTERS, AND BEAMS FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE AND
APPLICATION OF THE SAME."
Sealed the 18th September 1874, and dated the 21st July 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thaddeus Hyatt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st July 1874.
I, THADDEUS HYATT, of 66, Gloucester Gardens, Hyde Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturer of Patent Lights; do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL RODS, BARS,
RAFTERS, AND BEAMS FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE AND
APPLICATION OF THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Tution walaton.

page_text: the roofing material but also to carry off any leakage or condensed
moisture from the under side of the same.
Secondly. My Invention relates to metal bars or tie-rod pieces of
peculiar character, to be incorporated with brick, concrete, or equivalent
material in forming roofs, floors, and walking surfaces, capable of
resisting the tensile in opposition to the compressive strain resisted by
the earthy or stony part of the structure.
According to the first part of my Invention my improvement consists
in making a solid metal rafter with rebates and gutters below the rebates,
in contradistinction to rafters and sash-bars of this form made, as hereto-
fore, out of thin formed-up metal, or of parts put together by brazing. My
improved mode of constructing such bars consists in first rolling out the
solid metal with a double set of flanges, the upper ones being designed
to form the rebates or seats for the roofing, and the lower ones to form
the drainage gutters. By a second operation the bar is passed through
dies, rollers, or other suitable or well-known instruments which form-up
the lower flanges into gutters.
According to the second part of my Invention my improvement
consists in making a metal tie with holdfasts along or upon its back or
top edge to reach upward and take into the earthy material of the floor
or beam construction within the region of compressive strains. My
improved mode of constructing such metal pieces consists, according to
one method, in rolling out a rod or þar with a portion of the metal
expanded upon one side thereof into a blade or fin studded with holdfasts
upon either face, and preferably perforated in addition thereto, such
blade or fin being sufficiently high to reach up into the compressive part
of the structure and take a hold upon it when combined with brick or
concrete. This part of my Invention consists also in rolling out a
similar fin or blade upon the lower or bottom edge of the metal tie-rod
for the purpose of holding against and underneath the tie-rod a sufficient
amount of plaster of Paris, asbestos, or other fire-resisting material to
defend the tie against fire.
According to another method of construction, in place of a continuous
fin upon the back of the tie-rod lying parallel with the rod I form the
rod with perforated cross fins or blades set along the back of the tie at
intervals of six inches or more apart. These cross fins are preferably
made separate and then attached to the tie.

page_text: According to another method of construction I form the tie rod with
a number of embracing curved pieces or bands attached to it, much as
the human ribs are to the backbone. These ribs may be metal bands of
one or two inches wide and any proper diameter, and placed from six to
twelve inches apart. The principle or method of applying these fin tie-
rods in constructing roofs, floors, and walking surfaces of concrete or
other plastic material is to use the metal as the backbone or skeleton of
a beam, the plastic material being the solid filling-in. In this view a
floor thus constructed is made up of a number of concrete beams laid.
side by side, each beam of concrete having its own internal metal tie
and holdfasts. But when brick is employed in place of concrete I prefer
to use the fin ties in pairs, and bind or clamp the brick between them by
cross tie-rods from fin tie to fin tie, the rods passing through both brick
and metal and secured thereto by means of suitable boltheads, washers,
and nuts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thaddeus Hyatt in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THADDEUS
HYATT, of 66, Gloucester Gardens, Hyde Park, in the County of Middle-
sex, Manufacturer of Patent Lights, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thaddeus Hyatt, Her special license
that I, the said Thaddeus Hyatt, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thaddeus Hyatt, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METAL RODS, BARS, RAFTERS, AND BEAMS FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I, the said Thaddeus Hyatt, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
☐ NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thaddeus Hyatt, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to improvements in metal rods, bars, rafters,
and beams for building purposes, and in the manufacture and application
of the same, and consists according to one part thereof, relating to bars;
in making a guttered sash bar or rafter of one solid piece by the process
of rolling, and according to another part thereof, relating to bars, my.
Invention consists in the form of the bar and the method or process of
making it.
.
"
Figure 2, Sheet 1, represents my Invention as to the form of the
finished bar when made of a solid piece of metal. Bars of this form
when cast may be made in a flask having an open end from which to
draw the pattern lengthwise from out of a solid body of sand, instead of
by the process of "parting" the flask in the usual manner of making
castings. But when I make these bars of wrought metal by means of
rolls I prefer to first roll them out as represented in Figure 1, where the
flanges are straight, and then by reheating and rolling, or by drawing the
bar through dies to bend and shape the flanges, as shewn in Figure 2,
where a represents the top flange bent downwards into the position of an
inverted trough for the purpose of affording protection against the
weather to the putty or other material used for setting the glass (as seen
in Figure 3) or other weather-surface covering, d indicating the putty
and c indicating the bottom flange bent upwards into the form of a
drainage gutter for the purpose of receiving and discharging condensed
moisture and leakage. The under side of the ledge 6, or seat where the
glass rests (see Figure 3), is shaped to incline gradually to the drainage
gutter instead of being made with a blunt square edge, which would
cause any leakage or moisture collected at that point to drop perpen-

page_text: obstructing light.
Figure 4 represents a form of bar that may be made at one operation
of rolling.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate a means of protecting the bar against fire,
as will be herein-after referred to.
According to another part of my Invention I make bars, joists, beams,
and girders with reference primarily to protecting the metal against fire
in some cases, and' in others with reference likewise to the substitution
of concrete, brick, or other cheap material in place of the iron usually
employed to resist compressive strains. The tie or lower flange of a
beam is of the same relative importance in the structure, as is the
"key" in an arch. It needs therefore special protection against tho
action of heat and flame when used in floors and roofs to prevent the
collapse of the construction. My improvement therefore with reference
to protecting, the tie against fire consists in a method of constructing it:
to hold the cement or other fire-proofing substance against its under
surface, such construction constituting a part of the beam or tie itself.
instead of being an appliance or rider upon it. Where the beam is cast iron
I cast the tie with a fin or relatively thin blade upon the under face
thereof, or with two or more fins, as shewn by Figures 1 to 5 on Sheet 2
of my Drawings. Upon small joists designed for roofs, such as Figure 5,
I sometimes form two fins, one upon the top flange and one upon the.
bottom flange, as shewn in said Figure. These fins I prefer to perforate.
with holes as represented in the fin of the sash bar, Figure 5, on
Sheet One, where C is the fin. Where the joist, beam, or girder is of
wrought iron I either roll out the fin along with the tie as a part of its
construction when made as a part of the rolled beam, or where the beam,
joist, or girder is a made-up structure of plates, angle iron, and rivets,
after the manner of manufacturing such articles, I form the tie with one
or more fins by any convenient method, and of proportions and shape to
best adapt it to its purpose..
In the Figures on Sheet 2 A indicates the tie and C the fin. Figures 2,.
3, 4, shew a method of giving additional holding power to the fins by
the cross head or foot D, D. The fins may also be perforated..
גד

page_text: material J, J, into an ornamental moulding. The same method may be
applied to beams in forming an ornamental paneled ceiling.
According to that part of my Invention which has reference to the
substitution of concrete, brick, or other cheap material in place of the
iron usually employed to resist compressive strains, I form the tie in a
way which gives it power to grip and hold the foreign material in a
manner and by a method which brings the load and consequent strain
upon the tie at the same instant it is felt by the concrete or foreign
material, by which means the tensile and compressive forces act in
harmony with each other. The web or fin of an ordinary web and flange
beam is rigid, thus depriving the tie of all flexibility and elasticity, so
that the web, whether terminating in a top flange or without one, stands
in relation to the tie as the fulcrum against or over which it strains or
breaks. In constructing the tie to react against a body of concrete or.
other foreign substance I necessarily destroy the rigid character of the
web and change it into a sort of tentacular "process" of the tie to seize
and hold the earthy material for a fulcrum in place of itself.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 3, represent the tie A with its web B divided
into the sections E, E, E, each section being shaped to form openings,
half in each section. These openings are partly banded by the holdfasts F,
which are made the sections, and serve to grip the concrete J, J.
upon
Figures 3 and 4 represent a method of furnishing or forming the tie
with fins E, E, E, made separately from it. These fins are placed at
right angles to the ties A, A, and may be of any convenient length upon
any convenient number of ties. They may be of metal, wood, or other
material, and banded as shewn at F, F, F, in Figure 3, or hollowed as
shewn by Figure 4.
Figures 5, 6, 7, shew a mode of constructing the web portion of a beam
in a way which, while practically and-in effect constituting a succession
of sectional fins, at the same time possesses all the advantages of a con-
tinuous web. The web or fins E, E, as shewn, is in the form of a crimped
or corrugated sheet or ribbon, the folds in Figures 5 and 7 being in and
out and those of Figure 6 being up and down.
Figure 5 shews the manner in which the bricks or concrete blocks J, J,
are gripped by the tie A through the agency of the fins E, E, E, which
may extend wholly to the top of the construction, as shewn by E',

page_text: Figures 5 and 6, or partly so, as shewn by E, Figures 5 and 7. For
some purposes I prefer to make the crimped web solid with and upon
the tie as a part of it in rolling or casting the beam.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be carried
into effect, I will observe in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel·
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. Making solid guttered sash bars or rafters by the process of
rolling, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described and
illustrated by Figures 1 to 6 on Sheet One of my Drawings.
.
Second. Making solid metal sash bars or rafters with a drainage gutter
wholly or partly underneath the seat or ledge of the same, substantially
as and for the purposes herein-before described and illustrated by
Figures 2, 3, 5, and 6 on Sheet One of my Drawings.
Third. Making an inclined under side to the seat or ledge of the
sash bar or rafter, substantially as and for the purposes herein set
forth and illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 on Sheet One of my
Drawings.
Fourth. Making solid metal sash bars or rafters with an inverted
trough-shaped flange at top, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described and illustrated by Figures 2, 3, 5, and 6 on Sheet One
of my Drawings.
Fifth. Making solid guttered sash bars or rafters by rolling out the
bars with flat flanges as the preliminary stage of the process of manu-
facture, and then by a subsequent process altering the form of the
flanges, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illus-
trated by Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet One of my Drawings.
Sixth. Making the tie or bottom flange of rafters, joists, beams, and
girders with a fin or web constructed to hold fire-brick, concrete, or
equivalent fireproofing material, substantially as and for the purposes
herein set forth and illustrated by Figures 1 to 5 on Sheet 2 of my
Drawings.
Seventh. Making the tie or bottom flange of rafters, joists, beams, and
wirders with a fin or web solid with the tie by the process of rolling.