matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW PROCESS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEIN FROM LINSEED OIL, or of ANALOGOUS PRODUCTS FROM OTHER FATTY AND DRYING OILS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Pummerer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1879.
RUDOLPH PUMMERER, of Linz, in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturer. "A
NEW PROCESS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEIN FROM LINSEED OIL, or of
ANALOGOUS PRODUCTS FROM OTHER FATTY AND DRYING OILS."
My Invention has for its object purifying fatty drying oils of every description,
such for example as hempseed-oil, nut or poppy oil, and the like, and in particular
linseed-oil, by eliminating therefrom their heterogeneous and coloring matters by
direct or indirect oxydation, thus improving their drying property and particularly
their color, so that they become perfectly limpid and transparent and do not
undergo any further change or alteration by being exposed to the air except to be
converted into linoxyn.
The process by which I obtain my linolein is carried into effect by subjecting
linseed-oil or any of the above mentioned oils in a close vessel (at the ordinary
temperature or heated to its boiling point) to the direct action of atmospheric air,
or of ozone or oxygen, or of any mixture of these gases, the same being forced or
drawn through the oil (as long as the latter will absorb) by the aid of a force or
suction pump.
Or in lieu of using gaseous agents of oxydation, I employ with the same effect
liquid or solid oxydising substances, such for example as chlorate of potash, chlorate
of soda or of lime, or chloric or hypochloric acids, or the protoxyde of chlorine.
The proportion in which these substances are employed is regulated by the quantity
of oxygen they contain, and are capable of giving up the above mentioned oils,
absorbing say about 32 per cent. of oxygen to produce my linolein.
The indirect oxydation of the oils by means of the before mentioned salts and
acids can be effected either in open or closed vessels at the ordinary temperature, or
by preference by warming the oils to a temperature of say about 105° Fahrenheit.
I thus obtain linolein from linseed-oil or analogous products from other fatty
drying oils, which if used alone or mixed in various proportions with soluble agents,
such for example as oil of turpentine, petroleum, or other similar liquid hydrocarbons,
may be advantageously employed in painting, in preparing clear oil and lac-
varnishes and the like, which are unrivalled for their quick and uniform drying
properties.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SLEEPERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1879. A communication
from Monsieur Charles Papin, of 11, Rue Montparmatte, Paris, in the Republic
of France.
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic
of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SLEEPERS." [A communication from Monsieur Charles
Papin, of 11, Rue Montparmatte, Paris, in the Republic of France.]
This improved sleeper is constructed of a bar of iron having the form of a V
reversed, with the legs spread out wide and placed on the ground. At the place
where the sleeper receives the rail is placed a support somewhat wider than the rail
and bolted to the sleeper. The rail is fixed to the support by means of cramps,
keys, and pins. Under the rails may be placed any suitable material for deadening
the sound, which would be particularly advantageous in the case of underground
railways.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING PIPES, ELBOWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Harlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1879.
BENJAMIN HARLOW, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Engineer. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING PIPES, ELBOWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
These improvements relate to an Invention for which Letters Patent, No. 4402,
were granted to me on the 18th December 1875, and consist in applying one or
more levers, screws, or their mechanical equivalents for raising and lowering the
pattern from or into the platform employed instead of using eccentrics or cranks as
hitherto practised and described in the Specification of the said Letters Patent.
These screws when arranged in a vertical position being actuated by bevil or
equivalent gearing, or when arranged horizontally upon a shaft or shafts such shaft
or shafts is or are partially turned to give the desired motion to one or more levers
or arms which raise and lower the pattern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSKS AND FASTENERS FOR STAYS AND CORSETS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Whale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1879. A com-
munication from abroad by Hugo Schultz, of No. 4, Route de Gonesse, St. Denis,
Paris, in the Republic of France.
WILLLIAM EDWARD WHALE, of 23, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, Manu-
facturers' Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSKS AND FASTENERS FOR STAYS AND
CORSETS." [A communication from abroad by Hugo Schultz, of No. 4, Route de
Gonesse, St Denis, Paris, in the Republic of France.]
Whereas busks and fasteners for stays and corsets have hitherto generally been
made of metal, horn, whalebone, or wood, and have been comparatively heavy or
liable to rust or breakage; now this Invention consists in making these articles of
compositions known as celluloid, xylonite, either alone or combined with fittings
and attachments of other materials.
In manufacturing these articles according to this Invention, I use large sheets of
either of the before named materials, out of which I cut the busks or fasteners
after which I finally shape and curve them as required, and then cause them to
undergo a process of polishing to remove all spots and unevenness.
Busks and fasteners manufactured according to my Invention are greatly
superior to those heretofore in use by reason of their exceeding lightness, and their
freedom from liability to rust or breakage, and I intended to designate them by the
name Ariel."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOBBYS OR SHEDDING MOTIONS FOR FANCY WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Livesey, the younger, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1879.
communication from abroad by Nowrojee N. Wadia, of Bombay, India.
HENRY LIVESEY, the younger, of Greenbank, Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Mill Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOBBYS OR SHEDDING MOTIONS
FOR FANCY WEAVING." A communication from abroad by Nowrojee N. Wadia,
of Bombay, India.
This Invention relates to improvements in dobbys or shedding motions, whereby
I am enabled to weave headings and the body of the cloth on the same dobby
without stopping the working of the loom.
For this purpose, in addition to the ordinary peg cylinder, I use a second cylinder,
these cylinders being set at right angles to each other, and both on a same spindle.
When it is desired to make a heading the cylinder employed to weave the
body of the cloth is put out of gear by moving a lever fastened on its spindle, this
movement at the same time bring the second or heading cylinder to the position
previously occupied by the first cylinder; and when it is desired to again weave
the body of the cloth it is only necessary to bring the lever back to its original
position.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOWLS OF CASTORS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Edghill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1879.
WILLIAM GEORGE EdɑHill, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Foreman
of Works. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOWLS OF CASTORS FOR
FURNITURE"
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements hereinafter described
in the bowls of castors for furniture, whereby the castors are made to move
noiselessly or nearly so, and have an elasticity in their bearing surfaces which
prevents any jar or tremor in the motion of the article supported on them.
In making a castor bowl according to my Invention I form the bush or hollow
axis of the bowl of brass or other hard metal or alloy, and to each end of the said
bush I affix or form in one piece with the said hollow bush, two circular discs of
somewhat less diameter than the bowl to be made. I prefer to make a deep
corrugation in the said discs concentric with the bush and I turn the edges of the
disc inwards, so that the said turned in parts are of a nearly cylindrical figure, an
annular space separating the said edges. I fill the space between the discs with
india rubber mixed with the material by which when heated it will be vulcanized
or rendered permanently elastic. This india rubber is by the use of moulds made
not only to free the space between the discs but also to form a projecting ring of
larger diameter than the discs, the said ring constituting the bearing surface in the
finished bowl. By the application of heat the india rubber is cured or vulcanized
and the bowl is complete and is attached to the horns of the castor in the ordinary
way. When the hollow bush and discs are of metal, they may be formed in one
piece by casting; or the discs may be made separate from the hollow bush, and
brazed or otherwise attached thereto; or the hollow bush and discs may be made
of earthenware, hard wood, or other hard non-metallic material not injuriously
affected by the heat of the vulcanizing process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF MAINSPRINGS TO TIME- KEEPERS AND OTHER OBJECTS IN WHICH MAINSPRINGS ARE USED
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Victor Kullberg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1879.
"
JACOB VICTOR KULLBERG, of 105, Liverpool Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex. ' IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF MAINSPRINGS TO TIME-
KEEPERS AND OTHER OBJECTS IN WHICH MAINSPRINGS ARE USED."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the adaptation of main springs
to time keepers and other objects in which main springs are used.
Instead of attaching one end of the main spring direct to the barrel, as is now
usual, I interpose a free strut between the end of the spring and the barrel. I use
a short piece of thin steel the same width as the main spring. One end of this
piece or strut thrusts against a pin or suitable abutment inside the barrel edge,
whilst the other end rests against a hook or other abutment on the main spring,
making a free jointure.
When the spring is unwound and fills the barrel the intermediate piece or strut
lies close against the barrel odge, or in a cavity formed therein for its reception, so
that it may not encroach upon the space intended for the accommodation of the
spring.
As the spring is wound up and the coil becomes smaller and smaller the inter-
mediate piece or strut becomes more and more inclined to the barrel edge, until
when the spring is fully wound it is stopped by coming against the tightly coiled
spring occupying the middle of the barrel."
The length of the intermediate piece or strut I make such that it will then point
half way between the inner edge of the barrel and its centre.
The oblique position assumed by the intermediate piece or strut and the pressure
its end exerts against the coil causes it to act as an equaliser of the force of the
main spring, and hence the necessity for the so called stop work is done away with,
and the room occupied by such stop work may be saved. The main spring also
when wound up is not stained obliquely at its outer extremity, or more than at
any other part.
METAL VENEERING FOR SURFACE PRINTING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Constant Le Moussu and
John Swain at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May
1879.
BENJAMIN CONSTANT LE MOUSSU and JOHN SWAIN, both of 266, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex. " METAL VENEERING FOR SURFACE PRINTING."
This Invention relates to metal veneering for surface printing, and is specially
applicable to printing on show cards, placards, wall paper, fabrics, floor cloth
patterns, and typographic purposes in general.
The Invention consists in the use of any thin metal plate subject to the chemical
action of acids, the said plate being stuck on a block of soft metal or any other sub-
stance answering the purpose, this depending upon whether the work has to be
printed direct from the original block or from its reproduction in electro or stereo-
type.
The drawing being made directly on the surface or transferred in a varnish
resisting the action of the acids, and the plate being submitted to that action, the
unprotected spaces are then quickly attacked, and it remains only to take away the
softer substance existing underneath to obtain the required depth. For instance,
supposing a thin plate of zinc stuck on a back of lead and the drawing being made
on the surface with a resisting varnish the action of acid will soon decompose the
zinc where the drawing does not exist, so that the spaces of uncovered lead will be
easily taken away with a cold or hot tool.
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOUNTING AND OPERATING SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Burgess Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1879.
"IM-
HENRY BURGESS YOUNG, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer.
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOUNTING AND OPERATING SCREW PROPELLERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in driving dual screw propellers,
and consists of the employment of multiple gearing for that purpose in the manuer
hereinafter shewn and described.
The central solid shaft upon which one of the dual propellers is fixed I shall
hereinafter term "the solid shaft," and the annular shaft or boss upon which the
other propeller is fixed I shall hereinafter term "the annular shaft." By the term
"fix" bereinafter used, I mean mounted upon and firmly secured to.
I fix upon
the solid shaft a toothed wheel, and upon the annular shaft another toothed
wheel, these two wheels I gear together by two, or three, or four, or more
intermediate toothed wheels in such a manner that both the wheel on the annular
shaft and the wheel on the solid shaft are geared together by these intermediate
wheels at two or more points of their circumference. a, b, in the Drawing
hereunto annexed (which shews this Invention as applicable outside the hull of the
vessel) are dual propellers, which may be of any desired shape. The propeller a
is fixed upon the solid shaft c, which is revolved by the ordinary propeller engines
inside the hull of the vessel. The propeller 6 has a long hollow boss d furnished
around its inside circumference with long wood strips or liners. A portion of the
solid shaft inside the boss in length not less than the length of the wood liners, is
enclosed by a brass pipe. Formed in a piece with the boss or attached to it is a
bevil wheel e, which gears into the bevil wheels f, g, the spindles of which h, i, aro
free to revolve in suitably bushed collars k, which are either formed in a piece with
or attached to the stern post of the vessel. The keel collar forms also a step for
the spindle i. A bevil wheel m is fixed upon the solid shaft, and gears into the
bevil wheels f, g. One end of the bevil wheel m is furnished circumferentially
with wood blocks held in suitable recesses, grooves, or mortices, which receive the
forward thrust of the propeller b. The backward thrust of the propeller b is
received by wood blocks, which are held circumferentially in the boss of the

page_text: propeller a. The after end of the solid shaft is supported by the rudder post n.
The bevil wheels are enclosed in a metal shell o, made in two halves bolted together.
It is also bolted to the collars and to the stern post. The spindles h, i, between
the collars are also enclosed by sheet metal. These enclosures are for the purpose
of preventing the fouling of the wheels or their spindles by floating matter.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DOCK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Vogt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1879.
ADOLPHUS VOGT, Civil Engineer, of 17, Claverton Street, Lupus Street, Pimlico,
London. AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DOCK."
For this purpose I construct floating | shaped hollow bodies of wood, iron, or
other suitable material, which in their longitudinal axis can be coupled or otherwise
fastened to each other.
The upper part of these bodies form or contain air chambers.
Against the two inner sides of the upright portion of these floating bodies I
attach screws connected with each other by means of chains or cables, and revolving
vertically in suitable sockets and bearings.
Nuts fitting these screws are fixed to a jaw shaped open frame by means of
double suspension in such a manner that when the screw revolves the frames will
ascend or descend as required.
The jaws of these frames are made to grip the sides of a floating pontoon which
pontoon when gripped or fastened in this manner will ascend or descend with the
frame, the screw acting as guide and the chains or ropes connecting these different
screws regulating their uniform action and securing an absolute parallel ascend or
descend of the pontoon.
In order to receive a ship the pontoon must be submerged in the ordinary way
by expelling the air through the admittance of water.
Instead of letting the air contained in the pontoon escape, as is done at present,
I conduct the same by means of moveable or elastic tubes into the air vessels of
the shaped floating body where the same is compressed to a little less degree
than the maximum of hydrostatic pressure which the inflowing water produces in
the interior of the pontoon.
This pressure I employ afterwards as an auxiliary power to produce a syphon
like effect to substitute the greater portion of the pump work necessary for
emptying the pontoon when the same has to be raised and made buoyant.
The second part of my Invention relates to a self acting apparatus for supporting
or otherwise securing ships in an upright position on to the submerged pontoons.
This I do in the following manner:-On the deck of the pontoon and on each
side of its centre I fasten moveable arms in such a manner that when opened they
[Price 1

page_text: form an angle of any desired degree. The ends of these arms are provided with
rollers over which I pass chains or cables, which are acted upon by springs in such
a manner that when the pressure of the ship is applied to the stretched chain or
cable the latter bends, and by doing so forces the spring to push one of the arms
against the sides of the vessel whilst the other arm acting as leaver to tighten the
said chain or cable converts the whole apparatus into a self acting or automatic bed
or cradle in which the ship firmly and securely rests.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATING FRAMES FOR EXHIBITING ADVER- TISEMENTS ON CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Laya at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
ALEXANDRE LAYA, in the City of Paris, Advocate, of No. 5, Avenue du Bois de
Boulogne. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATING FRAMES FOR EXHIBITING ADVER-
TISEMENTS ON CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES."
A frame formed of bars of iron or other suitable material having grooves provided
with india-rubber or caoutchouc is fitted on the top of public carriages of any size,
and secured by any suitable means.
In this frame, which presents three sides, two in length and one in width, are
placed sheets of ground or other glass or other similar material, on which are
written, painted, stuck, or made to slide in grooves, letters or figures which form
advertisements.
The sliding letters may be used to form any kind of advertisement on these glass
or other sheets. The inscriptions may be in different colours. Transparent plates
bearing announcements, engravings, or other kinds of drawings illustrating the
advertisement may be provided by dealers or manufacturers, and fitted into the
frame.
In the central part of the top of the carriage or vehicle and in the interior of the
frame is placed any form of lighting apparatus, which illuminates the sheet of glass
or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING CYLINDER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by Owen Jones, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING CYLINDER
FIRE-ARMS." A communication from abroad by Owen Jones, of Philadelphia,
Ponnsylvania, United States of America.
The said Invention relates to fire arms of that class in which a revolving
cylinder is arranged at the rear of the barrel, and is more especially applicable to
to those pistols oidinarily termed revolveis In fire arms of this class as heretofore
constructed, whether with a plain or rifled barel, the cylinder has been bored plain
or smooth, that is to say, the chambers therein for the reception of the cartridges
have not been rifled or grooved. The consequences of this combination of the plain
or ungrooved chamber with the grooved or rifled barrel have been very dis-
advantageous for the following reasons, vis. When the explosion of the cartridge
in the cylinder climber takes place, the smooth bore of the said chamber offers but
slight resistance to the projectile as the same is driven forward by the explosion.
Therefore the said projectile strikes violently against the edges of the rifling in the
banel, and is checked in its movement; and as the cartridge does not fit perfectly
tight in the said chamber, there will be an escape of gas at the joint between the
cylinder and the barrel, and therefore the effect of the projectile will be considerably
impaired.
But my Invention is designed to obviate these disadvantages as follows, that is to
sayI combine with the barrel of a revolving cylinder fire arm a cylinder whose
chambers are rifled or grooved partially or entirely through the same; the rifling of
these chambers forms the commencement of the entire rifle portion of the ar.n, so
that there will be no interruption or check to the movement of the projectile after
the cartridge in the chamber is fired, and the escape of gas at the joint between the
cylinder and barrel, and consequent loss of effect of the discharge, will be practically
obviated. The "kicking" of the arm will also be lessened. Any form or system
of rifling may be adopted in my improved fine-arms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Doubleday and Thomas
Humber at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February
1879.
MATTHEW DOUBLEDAY, of Old Radford, Nottingham, and THOMAS HUMBER, of
Nottingham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES."
We make the hub of the wheel with a rack upon it. This rack has a double
row of teeth. The teeth of one row are cut in the contrary direction to those of
the other. There is a friction-plate with a tube in its centre which slides along the
axle and is separated from the rack by a cushion of wood or other suitable material.
This friction-plate is pressed against the rack by a spring, and carries two bolts
which are acted upon by an oscillating lever with two arms, one arm acting on
each bolt respectively, one end of the lever being centred on a fulcrum, the other
end being acted upon by a slot in the axle which the lever moves, thus allowing
the lever and friction-plate to which the fulcrum is fastened to move longitudinally
along the axle. When the axle is turned one way or another the slot acts
sufficiently on the lever to press one or other of the bolts respectively into one of
the sets of teeth on the rack. The bolt, which is not for the moment pressed by its
arm of the lever, is withdrawn from its set of teeth by a spring or a permanent
attachment by binge or otherwise to the lever. In turning, the outer wheel
describes a larger circle than the inner, and it is necessary for it to revolve at
greater speed. To do this it requires to be allowed to run loose, which object is
obtained by the bolt riding up the slope of the teeth and forcing back the friction-
plate and lever longitudinally along the slot in the axle, as before described. We
claim to use instead of springs compressed air, or water or other fluid, or a vacuum,
as the nature of the machinery may require to which this Invention shall be
adapted. We sometimes use hollow bolts enclosing the socket of the friction-plate
and axle instead of solid bolts. We sometimes for machinery driven by low power
do away with the bolts entirely and put teeth on the arms of the lever, which then
act direct on the teeth in the rack. For small machines we sometimes use a rack
with only one set of teeth, these teeth being rectangular instead of being bevilled,
the ends of the bolts or the arms of the lever being cut into bevilled teeth instead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Eccleston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1879.
JOHN ECCLESTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and of 323, High
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS."
This Invention is designed with a view of doing away with the troublesome and
costly right and left handed screw of the ordinary mechanism used in large ships,
where the wheel shaft is connected by links direct to the crosshead on the rudder
stem, and in otherwise simplifying the mechanism.
My Invention consists in making the connecting rods or links linked to the
crosshead on the rudder post of preferably equal length, and linking them to pins
or bolts on a similar crosshead or disk on a vertical shaft or capstan. On this shaft
or preferably cast solid with the crosshead or disk I place a worm wheel gearing
into a worm on the horizontal shaft on which the hand wheel is placed. This
shaft is supported on bearings in the frame that carries the shaft on which the
worm wheel and disk rotate. I prefer to place this frame and vertical shaft a little
to one side of the centre line of the ship, so that the horizontal shaft and hand
wheel shall be in the centre line. A tiller for other steering mechanism worked by
chains or ropes can also be attached to the rudder post.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE TREATMENT OF MILK, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRESERVING SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hurd Pettey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1879.
WILLIAM HURD PETTEY, of Canford, in the County of Dorset. IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE TREATMENT OF MILK, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRESERVING
SAME
"
The object of my Invention is to treat milk in such manner that it will preserve
same in good condition for several days, more or less, according, to the temperature
of the atmosphere.
"
"
According to my Invention I place the milk to be preserved in a back or vessel
which can be heated as required by the application of direct heat or flame, or by the
medium of hot water or steam in a space partly or wholly surrounding the bottom
and sides or either, or by a coil of heating pipe.
I raise the temperature of the milk from 120° to 140° and preferably about 130°,
keeping the milk stirred during the heating process; subsequently I reduce the
temperature to from 50° to 60°, when it is ready for the market.
Convenient ways of carrying my Invention into effect are as follows, although I
do not limit myself to these precise arrangements :-
According to one arrangement I place the milk in a vessel, which latter is fitted
into another and separate vessel, to which steam is adınitted by pipe when required;
the steam circulating between the two vessels heats the milk to the required
temperature, when the supply of steam is cut off and the milk is run off froin the
vessel to the refrigerator or cooler in any convenient way.
According to another arrangement I use a vessel constructed with a false bottom,
and I ensure a supply of hot water or steam thereto by connecting it with a boiler
by circulating pipes.
The
The boiler may be heated by gas or other burners, or by other means.
stirring may be done by a revolving frame actuated by hand or power, or the milk
may be placed in a churn or other suitable vessel and heated in a water bath or
other convenient way. Or I may use a binged coil of beating pipe which is let
down into the milk and which is raised out of the way when the milk is heated
sufficiently.
The stirring apparatus inay be made to lift out therewith. When cooled down
the milk is drawn off ready for the market.
All the parts in contact with the milk should be made of well tinned metal or
5 other material which does not impart a taste to or otherwise injure the quality
of the milk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Leach Wilson and John Clegg
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1879.
HENRY LEACH WILSON and JOHN CLEGG, both of Clayton le Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Washing Machine Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR
WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING MACHINES."
"
This Invention relates to the construction of springs for purposes aforesaid of the
class known as "bow "springs which heretofore have been made of many "strips
or bands of steel placed one upon the other, each layer or series of layers being
shorter than the proceeding one. The object of this our Invention is to construct
springs as aforesaid without the use of so many layers, so as to reduce the weight and
cost of such springs.
Springs made according to this our said Invention comprise one or more bands of
equal length, having an inner band or blade of curvature different from the outer
bands and arched near it centre, at which point it is connected with the outer
bands, the ends of the inner band are cranked or turned up so as to embrace the
end of the outer bands, that upon pressure being applied the tendency of the outer
bands to straighten, distends the inner spring so that the whole of the bands are
fully utilized.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING Silk, FELT, AND OTHER HATS AND COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund West at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1879.
EDMUND WEST, of 4, Scarsdale Road, Albany Road, Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, Jeweller. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING Silk, FELT,
AND OTHER HATS AND COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
In the ordinary gentleman's silk hat a piece of the hat material about the size of
shilling would be cut from the centre of the tip or top of the hat, and be fastened
upon a piece of metal, Fig. I., in the centre of which would be revitted a screw,
Fig. II. By this screw passing through a nut, Fig. III., which would be fixed
inside the hat, the wearer could secure at pleasure a large ventilation, moderate
ventilation, or none at all.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GUMMING LABELS AND FOR OTHER BIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Brumby and Simpson
Clarke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1879.
ROBERT WILLIAM BRUMBY and SIMPSON CLARKE, both of Kingston-upon-Hull.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GUMMING LABELS AND FOR OTHER
BIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to a new or improved apparatus chiefly applicable for
gumming or pasting labels.
The apparatus used for gumming labels is of the following general description,
that is to say, it consists of a hollow frame or box in which the mucilaginous or
viscous fluid or semi-fluid will be placed. At or about one end of the top of the
box or hollow frame is an orifice through which the pad or other appliance for
gumming will operate, and at the opposite end of the top of the said box is a longi-
tundinal alot or groove, the sides of which project upwards and contain or form
bearings or fulcra for an upper and lower lever. The upper lever works above the
top of the box or hollow frame, and the under lever works inside the box or frame,
the under lever being so formed and fitted as to represent a lever of the first order,
and the upper lever being so formed and fitted as to represent a lever of the second
order. The fulcrum of the upper lever is beyond that of the under lever, and the
levers are so formed and fitted as that when the upper one is depressed it forces
down the back end of the lower lever, thereby raising the front end thereof, by
which action the front ends of the upper and lower levers can be brought into
contact.
The front ends of the levers can be of any desired form so as to gum labels of
any required shape, and so as to apply the gum or other fluid or semi-fluid on any
desired part or parts thereof.
In using the apparatus the box or frame will be charged with gum or other fluid
or semi-fluid, into which the front end of the under lever will dip when the said
lever is in its normal position. The label to be gummed will be placed over the
aperture in the top of the frame or box as aforesaid, and between the ends of the
upper and lower levers, or over an aperture in the upper lever, and on the upper
lever being depressed and the under lever thereby raised gum can be deposited on
the under side of the label, and on the upper lever being released it will ascend to

page_text: its normal position either by the pressure on it of the under lever or by the pressure
of a spring placed between it and the top frame, or by a suitably arranged spring
or springs acting simultaneously upon the upper and under levers to cause them to
return to their normal positions. Or instead of a spring or springs a balance weight
can be formed on or attached to one or both of the levers aforesaid to cause them i
to return to their normal positions after the operation of gumming or pasting the
label bas been completed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Waine at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1879.
JOSEPH WAINE, of the City of Manchester, Engineer.
EMBROIDERING MACHINES."
"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
"
"
The improvements consist in mechanism applied to what is known as the
Bonaz" or other similar embroidering machines, to enable the same to work with
a number of threads of wool, silk, or other fibre at one and the same time. The
apparatus is composed of a bracket or standard, attached to or made to form a
part of the ordinary "Bonaz or other similar machines, which bracket or standard
carries a stud or spindle, which is placed in a position by preference perpen-
dicularly underneath what is known in the "Bonaz" and other similar machines
as the "worm." On this same stud or spindle, and at any convenient part
thereof, is fitted a loose boss or tube, having projecting arms attached for the
purpose of carrying the reels, pirns, or cops of wool, silk, or other fibre to be used.
This same loose boss or tube has fitted to it a fast pulley or suitable gearing,
whereby the same may (by means of a band or otherwise) be caused to turn on its
axis synchronously with, and to the same degree, as the worm of the Bonaz or
other similar machines to which the apparatus is applied. The threads of wool,
silk, or other fibre are drawn up through the hollow of the worm, and are then
threaded through holes which are drilled in what is known as the hook of the
worm" for that purpose, or in case a larger number of threads are desired to be
used than this latter arrangement will permit of, a small plate of suitable shape
is attached to the "hook" of the "worm," through which the required number of
perforations are made. In case the fast pulley or other gearing is placed above
the reels, pirns, or cops of wool, silk, or other fibre to be used (which arrangement
is taken by preference), openings are provided in the before named pulley or other
gearing to enable the threads to pass through to the worm above. Nevertheless
this is not essential, as the gearing may be placed below the reels or cops, or the
threads may be caused to pass round or over the beforenamed fast pulley or other
gearing.
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF BINDING LACE, BUTTON, AND OTHER BOOT AND SHOE EDGES, RENDERING OUTSIDE FACINGS UNNECESSARY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hollin and Zachariah
Anderson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
January 1879.
DAVID HOLLIN and ZACHARIAH ANDERSON, both of Rowley Street, Stafford,
in the County of Stafford, Boot and Shoe Manufacturers, trading as Hollin &
Anderson. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF BINDING LACE, BUTTON, AND
OTHER BOOT AND SHOE EDGES, RENDERING OUTSIDE FACINGS UNNECESSARY."
In the first place the top band should be cut the width desired. One outer edgo
is then stitched down to the lining. It is then turned over the top of the lining to
form a bead. The outside quarter may be either raw edged or turned in, as may
be desired; then the whole is stitched through by machinery at the top and thus
forms an economic top band and facing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAKING OR STRETCHING HANKS OF YARN MADE OF ANY FIBROUS MATERIAL, WHETHER BLEACHED, DYED, OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cockerill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1879.
EDWARD COCKERILL, of Green Lane Works, Heywood, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAKING OR STRETCHING
HANKS OF YARN MADE OF ANY FIBROUS MATERIAL, WHETHER BLEACHED, DYED, OR
OTHERWISE."
This Invention has for its object the shaking or stretching hanks of yarn made
of any fibrous material, whether bleached, dyed, or otherwise, thereby opening or
loosening them, preventing sticking or adherence and also breakage in the process
of manufacture, and causing them to work evenly and smoothly, thus, by saving
time and trouble, enabling the manufacturer to turn out a greater weight of
material in a given time. The machinery for this purpose is as follows:-
In suitable guides on a fixed frame is arranged a moveable slide or frame to
which reciprocating movement is imparted. In one arrangement this moveable
slide or frame is connected at its upper end by means of an adjustable screw and
nut arrangement to a connecting rod which by means of an eccentric fixed on
a shaft overhead operates the said moveable slide or frame. Upon the moveable
slide or frame is an arm or cross piece which carries a number of revolving bobbins.
Above this arm is another arm or cross piece secured to the fixed frame, and
furnished with a similar number of bobbins to the stationary moveable arm. These
bobbins may be either plain, fluted, or corrugated, to suit the kind of yarn to be
treated, and each bobbin on the top fixed arm is furnished with a circular grooved
part or pulley on the end next to the arm so that the bobbins may be driven by a
rope or cord. The distance between the arms or cross pieces and their bobbins can
be adjusted by the screw arrangement above referred to, thereby obviating the
necessity of expanding or stretching the yarns according to the temperature of the
mill, as at present practised.
By means of a bracket and stud fixed to either top or bottom arm, I place a
brush, teazle, or board, which, coming in contact with the yarn in process of being *
opened or stretched, clears or cleans the yarn from dirt, dust, or other impurities.
The machine can be arranged to suit all places and can be driven in different
ways, as for instance from the top or bottom by eccentrics, or at either side by
straps, shafts, and pulleys, or from outside the room by a strap.
.
FORMATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF BRICKS FOR RECEIVING AND RETAINING PLASTER OR OTHER MATERIAL OR MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bakewell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1879.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
WILLIAM BAKEWELL, of Leeds, in the County of York.
FORMATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF BRICKS FOR RECEIVING AND RETAINING PLASTER
OR OTHER MATERIAL OR MATERIALS."
My Invention consists in providing on one or more of the faces or sides of bricks
a groove or grooves, which I by preference construct of a dovetail form, though not
necessarily so, also a groove or grooves is or are provided when required at either
or both ends of the brick. Instead of these grooves projections, when preferred,
are provided thereon. When the plaster or other material or materials is applied
to walls built with the grooved bricks, it is forced into the grooves simultaneously
with being laid on the face of the brick, the result being that the plaster or other
material or materials is keyed into the groove, and in consequence of its adhesive
nature the danger of its becoming loose or falling away from the wall is prevented.
When walls are built with bricks provided with projections thereon, the tendency
of the plaster or other material or materials is to adhere to these projections, und
also to prevent the plaster becoming loose or falling away therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROCK DRILLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lowber Neill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1879.
WILLIAM LOWBER NEILL, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, Mining
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROCK DRILLS."
This Invention relates to that class of rock drills which are known as percussion
drills, and consist in an arrangement of apparatus whereby the force of the elastic
fluid can be communicated direct to the piston, and the use, of valves to regulate
the admission and escape of the elastic fluid to and from the working cylinder of
the drill is dispensed with.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a piston of two different diameters, the
upper portion being smaller than the lower. This piston I enclose in a cylinder, the
interior of which is made to correspond with the diameters of the piston, about half
the length of the cylinder being apportioned to each diameter. The elastic fluid
enters continuously the smaller cylinder through an inlet port, whence it passes by
an air induction passage in the upper end thereof to the lower end of the larger
cylinder. This induction passage is opened and closed by the smaller piston and is
so arranged that the elastic fluid shall not enter therein until the piston has made
the greater portion of its forward stroke.
An exit opening for the escape of the fluid from the larger cylinder is opened
and closed by the larger piston.
The boring tool is connected to the piston rod which projects through the lower
end of the cylinder, and means are provided for giving to the piston and boring tool
a slight turning motion, as usual on the return stroke, so that the tool may strike
in a fresh place at every forward stroke.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The elastic fluid admitted to the
smaller cylinder acts on the smaller piston and driving it with the boring tool
forward causes the drill to strike upon the work. This notion of the piston opens
the outlet for the elastic fluid at the same time the larger piston closes the outlet in
its cylinder, and the elastic fluid supplied to the smaller cylinder will pass to the
underside of the larger piston, thereby causing it to lift the drill to the highest
position thereof. This will be partly due to the expansion of the impelling fluid
which, forcing the piston upwards past the outlet, will then escape from the large
ulinder

page_text: The continuous supply of elastic fluid to the smaller cylinder will now have the
effect of forcing down its piston as before and thereby repeating the blow of the
drill upon the work; the return stroke will then be effected as before explained.
An opening is made in the side of the cylinder through which external air is
drawn into and expelled from the space above or in rear of the larger piston. The 5
air in this space will serve as an air cushion for the piston.
By constructing the apparatus as above explained, I am enabled to obtain
a simple and effective rock boring machine without the necessity for valves and
valve gear which constantly require repair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1879. (A communication
from abroad by J. D. C. W. Baron d'Ablaing von Giessenburg, of Siegen,
Westphalia.)
"
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS." (A communication from abroad by J. D. C. W.
Baron d'Ablaing von Giessenburg, of Siegen, Westphalia.)
The Invention of improvements in railways relates to the employment in combi-
nation with cross bars, or parts formed as shewn in Fig. 2 of the Drawings, of cross
bars or parts of the improved construction substantially as shewn in Fig. 3 of the
Drawings, such respective kinds of cross bars or parts being arranged alternately,
as shewn in plan in Fig. 1.
The cross bars or parts constructed substantially as shewn in Fig. 2 prevent the
rails moving further apart; the improved cross bars or parts, substantially as shewn
in Fig. 3, keep the rails at the proper distance apart.
In laying, the parts A are first laid at the proper distance apart, then at the
respective sides; the rails (connected by fish plates) are laid in the parts A (as shewn
in Fig. 2), then the parts B are placed in between the rails and between every two
parts A (being sprung into position) so as to securely hold the rails between the
upward projections of the parts A and B. To remove the rails the parts
pulled in a diagonal direction.
B
may
be
The distance apart of the parts A and B will depend on the strength of the
rails, parts, and road required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CORN, BONE, MINERALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1879. (A communication from
abroad by L. Lõnnerberg, of Sodertelge, Sweden.)
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent.
IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CORN, BONE, MINERALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS."
(A communication from abroad by L. Lõnnerberg, of Sodertelge, Sweden.)
Machinery constructed according to this Invention is suitable for grinding corn,
bone, minerals, and other materials, and is especially distinguished by simplicity,
cheapness, and efficiency as to yield.
The stones are enclosed in a cast iron casing in two parts, bolted together and
provided with bearings for the horizontal shaft carrying the runner, which is
fastened in a flanged iron disc fitted with projections acting as a fan for driving out
and rinsing off the flour. The shaft is screwed and passes through the screwed boss
of this disc, and through the runner which is held firmly thereon by a nut; this
mode of fastening ensures great steadiness, and the screw threads of the shaft serve
at the same time to feed the corn or other material to be ground as it drops from a
slanting inlet receiving its supply from a hopper or spout on same, which receives
a shaking movement from a lever actuated by a cam on the shaft. The stationary
stone (the "bedstone") is made fast in the casing with plaster of Paris or other
suitable-substance or with set screws. A slide serves to regulate the feed.
The distance of the runner from the bedstone is regulated by a screw acting
against the end of the shaft and fitted with check nut. The two stones are pressed
together by a strong spring or springs acting against the other end of the shaft; if
a flat compound spring is used its tension may be regulated by a screw and nut..
The shaft is caused to revolve by strap or other usual means.