IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND OTHER STOVES AND FIRE PLACES AND FURNACES "
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Brown of Farley Hill Luton in the County
of Bedford for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND OTHER
STOVES AND FIRE PLACES AND FURNACES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1881.
FREDERICK BROWN of Farley Hill Luton in the County of Bedford
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND OTHER STOVES AND FIRE PLACES AND
FURNACES"
This Invention has for its object improvements in cooking and other stoves and
fire places and furnaces.
In order to be enabled to feed coal to the bottom of the fire in the fire places of
kitcheners and such like cooking stoves for the purpose of consuming smoke when
bituminous coal is used I form in front of and just at the bottom of the front
bars of the fire place a trough or receptacle into which the coal to be fed into the
fire is first placed. The bottom of the fire place I make of a curved form inclining
upwards until it meets the back. After the coal has been placed into the trough
in front of the fire bars it is pushed backwards below the fire by means of a pusher
consisting of a narrow, flat blade with a handle to it by which the blade can be
pressed against the coals in the trough and push them back into the fire place.
Or a flap might be hinged to the lower bar of the fire place or be made with
pivots to work in slots at the ends of the trough and cover over the coals in the
trough so that by turning the flap on its axis the coals may similarly be swept
backwards into the fire place.
The curved form of the bottom facilitates the fresh coals being thus pushed
back below the fire and also adınits a free supply of air to the fuel. To prevent
the coals again slipping forward after they have been pushed back I make the
curved bottom in steps instead of in one even curve.
In order that the damper in tho flue of the kitchener which conducts directly
to the chimney being unnecessarily left open I make this damper a hinged damper
or to work on pivots supported by brackets with a tail piece descending from it

page_text: outside the flue so that its end may come just in rear of the sliding plate by which
the top, of the fire place is closed over. So that when this plate is for any purpose
pushed back to uncover the top of the fire the damper may automatically be opened
and when the sliding plate is again drawn forward to close over the top of the fire
the damper at once again closes by its own weight and the heat is then thrown
round the oven and boiler. In this way the damper cannot be left open through
carelessness when the fire place is closed in at the top and great waste of fuel will
thereby be avoided.
Excessive fire draught when the damper in the direct flue to the chimney is open
may also be prevented by mounting this damper at the bottom of a tubular box
or casing leading from the front face of the flue at the back of the kitchener to
the flue through which box or casing there is a passage for air from above the
top of the fire place direct to the Blue so that whether the damper be closed or open
there is always an admission of air into the flue above the damper. The damper
inside the box or casing has a plate standing up from it which partially closes the
passage through the box or tube and so controls the amount of air admitted to the
Hue. The entrance into the front of the box or casing may be concealed by a
small hood fixed in front of it. By passing the damper rod through this hood the
damper is supported in its proper position and is easily reached for regulating the
draught. This hood also assists in ventilating the kitchen as well as collecting and
carrying off the smells arising from cooking.
The above described arrangements for feeding coal to the bottom of the fire in
the fire place of a kitchen are also applicable to ordinary open fire kitchen ranges
and to other open fire places or register stoves as well as other furnaces or fire
places. Also in order that the fire in the fire place of a register stove may be
made to burn anthracite coal or coke or other smokeless_fuel_and_to_produce a
glowing fire giving out intense heat and also with but little smoke when bituminous
coal is used. I form the stove with the bottom bars curved and inclining upwards
to the back and with a flue rising up at the back from just below or partly above
the level of the top of the fuel-the front of this flue I form in iron or by preference
of a lump of fire brick. A register door is placed in an opening into the chimney
which is vertically above the firo and a damper is placed in the back flue above
mentioned. A handle passing to the front of the stove is attached to the damper.
When the damper is drawn forward to open the back flue the register door closes,
a projection on the handlo of the damper being then drawn out of the way of the
register door and allowing it to drop down and close by its own weight and vice
versa when the damper in the back flue is closed the register door is opened. In
this way perfect control is given over the fire allowing it to burn freely or slowly
according as the damper of the back flue is opened or closed. The register door is
not allowed at any time to absolutely close the upper entrance into the chimney so
that there is always sufficient draught past it to carry into the chimney any gases
that may rise upwards from the fire.
In order to economize heat and to obtain other advantages when closed stoves
are used-I form the stove in the ordinary way of a vertical cylinder with an opening
at the top through which fuel is supplied to the fire in the stove. The stove I
connect with another similar vertical cylinder by two pipes or passages one near
the top the other near the bottom below the level of the fire bars. In each of these
pipes is a throttle valve or damper, there is also a smoke outlet flue from near the
top of the second cylinder. Rising up through the centre of this second cylinder
is an inner tube to the bottom of which fresh air is conducted by a suitable supply
passage whilst at the top the inner tube is open.
When anthracite coal or coke is being burnt in the stove the air is admitted
below the fire through a regulator in the ash pit door, the products of combustion
pass from the upper part of the stove into the second cylinder between the inner
tube and outer casing they are first directed downwards afterwards are allowed to rise
up to the smoke outlet flue. The bottom throttle valve must be closed and the
top throttle valve opened..

page_text: When bituminous coal is used in order to consume the smoke the action is
reversed the air is admitted at the top of the fire through an air regulator situated
at a distance above the fire the draught is then downwards through the red hot
fuel, and through the bottom grate and smoke flue into the lower end of the second
cylinder and rises between the inner warm air tube and the outer casing to the
smoke outlet flue, the top throttle valve and the bottom air regulator must in
this case be closed, and the bottom throttle valve and top air regulator opened.
It will be seen that whether the stove is working with ascending or descending
draught the inner tube and outer casing of the second cylinder are both heated
by the hot draught from the fire, giving a large additional radiating surface
without any additional expenditure of fuel and if the inner warm air tube is
conned at the bottom by a pipe to the outer air a continuous stream of fresh warın
air is thrown into the room.
Another advantage of this arrangement is that where two rooms are close
together, the fire may be in one room and the warm air generator in the other.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th June 1882.
FREDERICK BROWN of Farley Hill Luton in the County of Bedford
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND OTHER STOVES AND FIRE PLACES AND
FURNACES"
This Invention has for its object improvements in cooking and other stoves and
fire places and furnaces.
In order to be enabled to feed coal to the bottom of the fire in the fire places of
kitcheners and such like cooking stoves for the purpose of consuming smoke when
bituminous coal is used I form in front of and just at tho bottom of the front bars
of the fire place a trough or receptacle into which the coal to be fed into the fire is
first placed. The bottom of the fire place I make of a curved form inclining
upwards until it meets the back. After the coal has been placed into the trough
in front of the fire bars it is pushed backwards below the fire by means of a pusher
consisting of a narrow flat blade with a handle to it by which the blade can bo
pressed against the coal in the trough and push them back into the fire place.
The curved form of the bottom facilitates the fresh coals being thus pushed back
below the fire and also admits a free supply of air to the fuel. To prevent the
coals again slipping forward after they have been pushed back I make the curved
bottom with a step or steps instead of in one even curve.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a kitchener constructed according to my Inven-
tion. Figure 2 is a transverse section of the line 1, 1, in Figure 1.
a a are the front bars; b is the fuel trough or receptacle; c is the upwardly
inclining bottom and back and c' is a step to prevent the fuel slipping back from
the fire place into the feed trough. Figures 3 and 4 are an elevation and section
of the parts c c¹.
In order that the damper in the flue of the kitchener which conducts directly to
the chimney may not be unnecessarily left open I make this a hinged damper or
to work on pivots supported by brackets with a tail piece descending from it
outside the flue. The end of the tail piece comes just in rear of the sliding plate
by which the top of the fire place is closed over. So that when this plate is for
any purpose pushed back to uncover the top of the fire the damper will be auto-
matically opened and when the sliding plate is again drawn forward to close over
the top of the fire the damper at once again closes by its own weight and the
heat is then thrown round the oven and boiler. In this way the damper cannot
be left open through carlessness when the fire place is closed in at the top and
great waste of fuel will thereby be avoided.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the plate which forms the front of the direct flue and
which carries the automatic dainper. Figure 6 is a vertical section of the same
d is the plate and e is the direct flue to the chimney. f is the hinged or pivotted
damper; it tends by its own weight to assume the position in which it is repre
sented in Figure 6 closing the direct flue and opening a passage d' to the chimney
The passage d' serves both to prevent excessive draught in the boiler and over
flues and also to ventilate the kitchen. y is the sliding plate enclosing the fire a
the top, when it is thrust back over the fixed plate h, it uncovers and exposes th
fire for broiling or other purpose. f'f' are tail pieces on the damper f wit
which the plate g comes in contact when it is pushed back and which cause th
damper then to be automatically opened.
Excessive fire draught when the damper in the direct flue to the chimney i

page_text: open may also be prevented by mounting this damper at the bottom of a tubular
box or casing leading from the back of the kitchener to the flue. There is a passago
through this box or casing direct to the flue so that whether the damper be closed
or open there is always an admission of air into the flue above the damper. The
damper inside the box or casing has a plate standing up from it which partially
closes the passage through the box or tube and so controls the amount of air
admitted to the flue. The entrance into the front of the box or casing may be
concealed by a small hood fixed in front of it.
By passing the damper rod through this hood the damper is supported in its
proper position and is casily reached for regulating the draught. This hood also
assists in ventilating the kitchen as well as collecting and carrying off the smells
arising from cooking.
k is
Figure 7 is an elevation of the central plate at the back of a kitchener fitted
with a damper of this description. Figure 8 is a vertical transverse section and
Figure 9 is a plan. The arrangement is suitable where the boiler occupies the
position indicated by dotted lines in Figure 8 and the direct flue is behind it.
the back plate, the box or case passing through it to the flue, l' is the hood,
concealing an opening at 12. m is a sliding damper operated by a rod m' passing
through the hood; it serves to close and open the flue behind the boiler. m² is a
vertical flange upon the damper m; it serves to check the entrance of air to the
chimney by the hood but allows sufficient to pass to prevent the draught being
excessive and to maintain proper ventilation in the kitchen.
The above described arrangements for feeding coal to the bottom of the fire in
the fire place of a kitchener are also applicable to ordinary open fire kitchen ranges
and to other fire places or register stoves.
Figure 10 is a front elevation, Figure 11 is a transverse vertical section and
Figure 12 is an horizontal section of an open fire place adapted to be fed at the
bottom. a a are the front bars, is the fuel trough or receptacle; c is tho
upwardly inclining bottom and back, and c¹ is the step to prevent the fuel slipping
back.
In order that the fire in the fire place of a register stove may be made to burn
anthracite coal or coke or other smokeless fuel and to produce a glowing fire giving
out intense heat and also with but little smoke when bituminous coal is used I
form the stove with the bottom bars curved and inclining upwards to the back and
with a flue rising up at the back from just below or partly above the level of the
top of the fuel-the front of this flue I form in iron or by preference of a lump of
fire brick. A register door is placed in an opening into the chimney which is
vertically above the fire and a damper is placed in the back flue above mentioned
A handle passing to the front of the stove is attached to the damper. When the
damper is drawn forward to open the back flue the register door closes, a projection
on the handle of the damper being then drawn out of the way of the register door
and allowing it to drop down and close by its own weight and vice versa when the
damper in the back fluc is closed the register door is opened. In this way perfect
control is given over the fire allowing it to burn freely or slowly according as the
damper of the back flue is opened or closed. The register door is not allowed at
any time to absolutely close the upper entrance into the chimney so that there is
always sufficient draught past it to carry into the chimney any gases that may rise
upwards from the fire.
Figure 13 is a front elevation, Figure 14 is a vertical transverse section and
Figure 15 is an horizontal section of an open domestic fire place of this con-
struction.
nn are the curved and inclined bottom bars. o is the back flue. p is the register
door to partially close the direct passage to the chimney upwards from the fire when
the back flue is open. g is the damper in the back flue o, and r is the handle and
bent rod by which the register door and the damper are controlled, the one opening
as the other closes.
In order to economize heat and to obtain other advantages when closed stoves

page_text: are used I form the stove in the ordinary way of a vertical cylinder with an
opening at the top through which fuel is supplied to the fire in the stove. The
stove I connect with another similar vertical cylinder by two pipes or passages one
near the top the other near the bottom below the level of the fire bars. In each
of these pipes is a throttle valve or damper, there is also a smoke outlet flue from
near the top of the second cylinder. Rising up through the centre of this second
cylinder is an inner tube to the bottom of which fresh air is conducted by a suitable
supply passage whilst at the top the inner tube is open.
When anthracite coal or coke is being burnt in the stove the air is admitted
below the fire through a regulator in the ash pit door, the products of combustion
pass from the upper part of the stove into the second cylinder between the inner
tube and outer casing, they are first directed downwards, afterwards are allowed to
rise up to the smoke outlet flue. The bottom throttle valve must be closed and the
top throttle valve opened.
When bituminous coal is used in order to consume the smoke the action is
reversed the air is admitted at the top of the fire through an air regulator situated
at a distance above the fire. The draught is then downwards through the red bot
fuel, and through the bottom grate and smoke flue into the lower end of the
second cylinder and rises between the inner warm air tube and the outer casing to
the smoke outlet flue. The top throttle valve and the bottom air regulator
must in this case be closed and the bottom throttle valve and top air regulator
opened.
It will thus be seen that whether the stove is working with ascending or
descending draught the inner tube and outer casing of the second cylinder are both
heated by the hot draught from the fire, giving a large additional radiating surface
without any additional expenditure of fuel.aud-if-the-inner-warm-air-tube-is-con-
nected at the bottom by a pipo to the outer air a continuous stream of fresh warm
air is thrown into the room.
Another advantage of this arrangement is that where two rooms are close
together, the fire may be in one room and the warm air generator in the other.
Figure 16 is an elevation, Figure 17 is a vertical section and Figure 18 is an
horizontal section of my double or twin stove. 8 is the fuel section or cylinder,
closed at the top and with a cover removeable for the supply of fuel. Or the fuel
opening may be at the upper part of the side as it is in some stoves. t is the
second or heat diffusing cylinder, it is connected with the cylinders by the pipes
or passages u and in which are throttle valves or dampers u' and v¹, one to be
open when the other is closed. wis the smoke outlet, x is a cylinder contained
within the cylinder t. Air by preference from an external source is admitted to
the cylinder x by the pipe y. The air is warmed in the cylinder x and issues into
the apartment by a grating or perforated plate at the top. are partitions to
direct the heated products from the fire downwards in the space between the
cylinders and x to prevent the too rapid escape of the heated products of com-
bustion to the chimney when the stove is worked with an upward draught in the
cylinder 8. 8 is the valve for the admission of air to the fire when the draught is
upwards and s is the valve which is employed for this purpose when the draught
is required to take a downward direction. When one of these valves is open the
other should be closed.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I would have it understood that I claim :—
First. My improvement in cooking and other stoves and fire places and furnaces
consisting in providing a fuel trough or receptacle b and an upwardly inclining
bottom calong which the fuel can be pushed and made to enter into the grato
beneath the ignited fuel therein substantially as described in respect to Figures 1,
2, 3, 4, 10, 11 and 12 of the annexed Drawings.
Second. In combination with the parts b and c; the step or steps c¹ to prevent
the return of the fuel from the grate substantially as described.
Third. My improved damper operating in conjunction with the top plate g of

page_text: a kitchener, substantially as described in respect to Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6 of the
annexed Drawings.
Fourth. The damper and parts connected therewith, substantially as described in
respect to Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the annexed Drawings.
Fifth. My improved register stove, with its back flue o, damper q and front
register or damper p opening as the back damper closes and vice versa substantially
as described in respect to Figures 13, 14 and 15 of the annexed Drawings.
Sixth. My twin or double cylinder stove in which the combustion is effected in
one cylinder and the heated products of combustion are passed into another or
heat diffusing cylinder before reaching the chimney substantially as described in
respect to Figures 16, 17 and 18 of the annexed Drawings.
Seventh. My twin or double cylinder stove so arranged that the draught may be
downwards through the cylinder in which the fuel is consumed and upwards in the
diffusing cylinder substantially as described in respect to Figures 16 17 and 18 of
the annexed Drawings.
Eighth. My improvements in cooking and other stoves and fire places substantially
as described and represented in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Frederick Brown have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty eighth day of June in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
FRED". BROWN. (L.S.)