CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON PUMPS OR MACHINERY POR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
VICTOR JOSEPH D'ASDA, of Adam Street, Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the
Fourth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Tenth day of April, in the fourth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Auguste Victor Joseph D'Asda, His especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Auguste Victor Joseph Asda,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Auguste Victor
Joseph D'Asda, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON PUMPS OR MACHINERY POR RAISING WATER AND
OTHER FLUIDS," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner residing abroad;
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Auguste
Victor Joseph D'Asda, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Auguste Victor Joseph D'Asda, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, are described
as follows, reference being had to the three Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed (that is to say):-
The said improvements are applicable to the construction of that kind
of pump or machinery for raising water and other fluids which is called a
double acting lift and force pump, (that is to say) a pump which with ono
piston will suck or draw and also force at every stroke of the piston in
whichever direction it is moving. so as to keep up a continual stream of water
from the delivering pipe without the necessity of two barrels, and the said
improvements consist in placing the barrel of a pump horizontally, and arrang-
ing the valves in suitable positions to open into and out of the said barrel,
as I will herein-after describe, so as to produce the operation of a double
acting lift and force pump. The parts for transmitting the moving force to
the piston of a pump constructed with the said improvements being suitably
arranged to give it the requisite horizontal motion, and the suction and
rising pipes being suitably arranged to correspond to the arrangement of the
valves, viz, to admit water into the barrel, and to allow water to be expelled
therefrom by every stroke of the piston, in whichever direction it is moving,
the object of the said improvements is to construct a double acting lift and
force pump of a more convenient form, and which can be better adapted
to the various uses for which pumps are required than is practicable with
double acting lift and force pumps of the ordinary construction. In Sheet
I., Figures 1 and 2, are a longitudinal elevation and a horizontal plan of a
pump, with one working barrel, constructed according to the said improvements.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 2, are an end view. a longitudinal section, and
a cross section of the same. B, B, is the barrel, which is made of brass
or cast iron, and truly bored to a cylinder within side. It is firmly bolted
to four standards C'. C', Figs. and 2, Sheet 1., rising up from a cast
iron plate C, C, which is bedded in and bolted down to a stout balk
or platform of timber a, a; d, d, is the piston; it is solid and packed with
cup leathers at each side of it, held by brass plates and screws in the same
way that the cup leathers are usually fastened to the pistons of double acting
forcing pumps. A double piston rod is fixed to the piston d, which passes
through both ends of the barrel, each end of the said double piston rod
working through a collar of leathers in a stuffing box of the ordinary
construction. Each end of the double piston rod is screwed into a cross
bar e, and to the cross bars e two side bars e, e, are fastened by screws

page_text: forming therewith an oblong frame connected to the piston rods at each end
of the pump barrel. To each of these side bars two chains i, i, are fastened,
see Fig. 2, Sheet 1, one end of each chain being linked to one end of its
side bar at f, and the other end of the chain being linked at f¹ to the cir-
cumference of a cast-iron sector G, mounted on an axis g, which lies across
the barrel over it, and turns in bearings laid in the two upright standards
C, C, that rise up from the bed plate C, see Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I.,
and all the Figures in Sheet 2. The section of the lower part of the sector G
is T-shaped, see Fig. 3, Sheet 2, to allow the two chains i, i, to apply
against the circumference of the sector, one on each side of the projecting
rib, so that they do not interfere although they cross each other.
The two
outer chains i, i, are linked to the left-hand end of the frame e, e, Figs. 2 in
Sheets I. and 2, and the two inner chains to the right-hand end of the frame e, c.
h, h, are frames of iron with wooden handles fixed to them, forming the
vibrating handles by which the pump is worked the sides and ends of
the said frames giving good room and hold for many men to work at the
The inner ends of the handles at h, h, see the plan, Figure 1,
pump at once.
Sheet 1. fit into forks at the ends of two iron bars s, s, which are bolted
fast to the sector G above its axis, and the handles are held to those
bars by screw bolts at t, t, and holding pins y, so that when the pins y
are in their places the handles h, h, and sector G form but one piece,
and move all together. But when the pins y, y, are drawn out the
handles h, h. can be turned up round their screw bolts t, t, as centres of
motion, and laid up out of the way in the position shewn by dotted lines
in Fig. 2. Sheet 1. Now, it is obvious that when the handles are made fast
to the sector, if the handle at the right-hand end of the pump, see Figs. 2,
Sheets 1 and 2, be lifted up and the opposite handle depressed, the sector G
will be moved about its axis from left to right; consequently, it will wind up
the pair of chains i, i, that is attached to the left-hand end of the frame e, e,
and draw. that end of the frame and with it the piston from left to right.
When the handle at the left-hand end of the pump is lifted up, and the one
at the right-hand end depressed, the opposite chains will be wound up by the
sector, and the piston will be moved from right to left, and so on, by lifting
and depressing alternately the opposite handles h, h, the piston will be worked
backwards and forwards horizontally in the barrel of the
The
pump.
ment of the valves and pipes is as follows: -y, y, are two suction pipes
descending into the water which is to be pumped up. These pipes are provided
with valves n, n', see Figure 2, Sheet 2, which open upwards into the barrel of
the pump; but they are on opposite sides of the piston, which thus prevents
arrange-

page_text: communication between them in the barrel. K', K, are the forcing pipes
provided with valves n, n', opening upwards and out of the barrel, and they
are also on opposite sides of the piston. The pipes K', K, open into a large
air vessel K, in which the delivering pipe m is fixed, see Fig. 3, Sheet 2,
descending nearly to the bottom of the air vessel. L is another pipe, used
sometimes as a delivering pipe, and then the pipe m is closed, as I will herein-
after more particularly mention. The valves ar circular plates of brass, of
the kind called disk valves or puppet valves, and are turned and ground to fit
correctly into conical seats. The operation of this pump will now be easily
understood, the general principle on which it operates being in fact the
same as that of the ordinary double acting lift and force pump, and the im-
provement consisting in the particular arrangement of parts. When the
handles h, h, are first put in motion, and are alternately raised and depressed,
the first few strokes of the piston will pump air until the barrel is cleared of
air, viz, the first stroke of the piston, say from right to left, will drive out
the air contained in the barrel before it through the valve n at the left-hand
end of the barrel, the valve n remaining closed by the pressure of the air; at
the same time the piston in moving away from the right-hand end of the
barrel will leave a partial void behind it by the air contained in that end of
the barrel expanding into a greater space than it occupied before. Hence
the external pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the water in the
well will force some water up in the suction pipe y'. The returning stroke of
the piston will drive out air from the barrel through the valve n into the
rising pipe K, and at the same time suck up some water in the suction pipey.
After a few strokes the air will be cleared out of the barrel and the suction
pipes will be filled with water, and then the next stroke of the piston will act
upon the water as it did before on the air, viz, it will fill one end of the
barrel with water; then the returning stroke will force that water up
through the force valve and pipe belonging to that end of the barrel, and
at the same time a partial void being produced in the opposite end of the
barrel it will be filled with water, which will be expelled at the next stroke of
the piston through the force valve and pipe, towards which the piston is then
moving, and so on, as long as the handles are worked up and down the piston
will be moved backwards and forwards with a horizontal reciprocating motion,
and will at every stroke force water out of one end of the barrel into one
of the rising pipes, and draw or suck water into the other end through the
opposite suction pipe, thus keeping up a constant stream through the delivering
pipe. An air vessel is not absolutely necessary for keeping up a constrant
stream or jet, provided the pump be worked at the usual rate of motion with

page_text: which pumps are worked, but it will work more perfectly with than without an
air vessel. Note, when a pump constructed as above described is used merely
for raising water to an ordinary height, such as for pumping out foundations
or for raising water for washing decks on board of ship, I screw a cap on the
end of the pipe m and close it and deliver the water through the pipe L;
but if the pump is to be used for forcing water to a great height, as for a fire
engine, then I take off the pipe L, and screw down a cover over the aperture,
the vessel K then acts as an air vessel and the water is delivered through the
pipe m. Note, instead of the disk valves or puppet valves shewn in the
Drawings, clack valves, moving about hinges and made as clack valves are
usually made for pumps, may be used, the pipes being suitably made to
receive the seats for such valves; and note also, that the arrangement of the
handles and mechanism for transmitting their motion, represented in Sheets 1
and 2, is intended for a hand pump to be used on board of ship, and may
be used whenever there is room, and it is desired to set on a great many
men to pump at once. But a horizontal motion may be given as well to
the piston by other arrangements of well-known mechanism, one of which
is shewn in Fig. 1, Sheet 3, where the handle is to be worked backwards
and forwards instead of up and down. Or otherwise the piston rod at one
end of the barrel may be jointed to a connecting rod and the end of
the connecting rod to a crank fixed upon an axis, which may be turned round
by a winch handle and the force of men, or by wheelwork set in motion
by the force of steam or other mechanical power, in which case the piston rod
needs not pass through the other end of the barrel. It is obvious, indeed, that
the modes of communicating a horizontal motion may be varied exceedingly
to suit the peculiar situation and space which the pump is to occupy, and the
kind of work which it is intended to perform. Fig. 2, Sheet 3, represents a
pump constructed with two barrels placed end to end, but not communicating
with each other. The internal structure of cach barrel is the saine as that of the
barrel of the pump drawn in Sheets 1 and 2, each being furnished with a pair
of suction valves corresponding to the suction pipes a, a, and a pair of forcing
valves corresponding to the forcing pipes b, b. The motion is given to the piston
by a pair of vibrating handles, sectors, and chains, as in the pump drawn in
Sheets 1 and 2. The force pipes enter into the lower part of air vessels d, d,
and the nose pipes or delivering pipes are screwed to the tops of the air vessels,
descending down therein in the same way as the delivering pipe m descends in
the air vessel k, Sheet 2. Two continuous jets, one produced by the motion of
cach piston, will be thrown by this pump, which is well adapted for a fire
engine, the barrels being suitably fixed to a carriage provided with a proper

page_text: cistern to lay the water into in the usual way, by a leather hose communicating
with the street plugs. Fig. 3, Sheet 3, shews a pump with two barrels end to
to end, but not communicating, and with three sets of force pipes. There is a
forcing valve lifting upwards to each of the force pipes 1, 3, 4, and 6, and a
suction valve to each of the suction pipes 7, 8, 9. and 10; the pistons working
between the pipes 1 and 8, and between 4 and 6. Three jets will be thrown
by a pump thus made, two at a time always continuous; that is, when the pistons
go from left to right, the pump will suck through the valves of the pipes 10
and 8, and force through the valves of the pipes 4 and 1, the suction valves in the
pipes 9 and 7 remaining closed, and the forcing valves in the pipes 6 and 3 remain-
ing also closed. When the pistons go from right to left the pump will suck
through the valves of the pipes 7 and 9, and force through the valves of the pipes 3
and 6, the valves belonging to the other pipes remaining closed. 2 and 5 are
blind pipes, put in merely for symetry of appearance. Or a pump may be made
according to the aforesaid improvements, with two barrels placed horizontally
side by side, each furnished with a piston like the barrel of the pump in
Sheets 1 and 2; and the forcing and suction valves may be placed in chambers
communicating with both barrels, so that each force valve and suction valve
and each of the forcing and suction pipes will be common to both barrels,
whereby the contents of the two barrels will be discharged at every stroke of
the two pistons which will move together. The piston rods of both barrels
may be fixed into one cross head, to which a reciprocating horizontal motion
may be given by vertical vibrating handles, as in Fig. 1, Sheet 3, or by cranks
turned by wheelwork or winch handles, according to convenience. Figure 4,
sheet 3, is a sketch shewing the section of a double barrel horizontal pump
constructed as above described. And note, it must in the discretion of the
person making pumps according to the improvements herein-before described,
when to construct them with one or more barrels, and whether to give the
horizontal motion to the piston or pistons by means of sectors and chains or
cranks or any other known mechanism, as it will depend on the situation in
which the pumps are to be placed which is the best plan; but the construc-
tions which I have particularly described in reference to Sheets 1 and 2, and
those described less minutely in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet S, have
been tried and found to answer well. The several Figures thereof being
correctly drawn to a scale marked on the Drawings, and the parts separately
being all of a kind well known to engineers and pump makers, need no further
description.
It remains for me now. to state what I lay claim to under the Patent
granted to me; and I do hereby declare that I claim the exclusive use of the

page_text: combined mechanical arrangements which I have herein-before described; that
is to say, placing the barrel or barrels of a pump horizontally with a pair of
suction valves opening inwards to each barrel, communicating with opposite
sides of the piston, and a pair of forcing valves opening outwards therefrom
also communicating with opposite sides of the piston, and a corresponding
arrangement of the suction and forcing pipes, and with suitable mechanism for
transmitting the force applied to give a horizontal reciprocating motion to the
piston; and I do not claim any one of the said mechanical arrangements or
parts alone, but only when they are combined as above stated, so as to produce
a horizontal double acting lift and force pump, such as I have herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Victor Joseph D'Asda, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.
AUGUSTE (L.S.)
(L.S.) D'ASDA.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord 1834, the aforesaid Auguste Victor Joseph D'Asda came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according