IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS for E PRO
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Joseph James Kelly of Great James Street in
the County of Middlesex and Charles Boucher Lindsay of Blackheath in the
County of Kent for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS for
E
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Joseph James
Kelly & Charles Boucher Lindsay at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 10th May 1882.
STEPHEN JOSEPH JAMES KELLY of Great James Street in the County of
Middlesex, and CHARLES BOUCHER LINDSAY of Blackheath in the County of Kent
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR GRAINING AND OTHERWISE ORNAMENTING
SURFACES."
The chief object of this invention is to simplify the process of graining for
whatever purpose required and at the same time produce work equal to the best
hand graining, but the invention also relates to otherwise ornamenting surfaces
such as door panels, slabs of wood stone or concrete walls, articles in tin or zinc
for household purposes with the most elaborate patterns and designs in oil colors.
In carrying out our invention as applied to graining we take suitable transfer
paper of the class known for instance as Decalcomanie transfer paper, and upon
this paper we print in graining oil color a fac-simile of the pattern of graining
desired. The depth of color will depend upon the character of the graining
whether for light or dark oak, mahogany, walnut, or other wood.
The graining
thus obtained is applied, say to a door panel, in the following manner.
The panel
is rubbed down and receives a first coat of paint in the usual way.
coating is sufficiently dry, the body or ground color of the required tint is applied
and afterwards a thin coating of varnish. When this coating is about half set or
is still tacky the grained surface of the paper is applied thereto, and by means of
a hard roller or other convenient tool the graining coat is caused firmly to adhere
to the varnish. The paper backing is then wetted with warm water and after
soaking a few minutes is peeled off, leaving the graining on the panel. The panel
can then be finished off by varnishing in the usual way.
When this

page_text: In preparing the graining paper we make use of special apparatus consisting
of a printing cylinder or drum mounted above a table in a suitable framing.
Below the cylinder is an adjustable roller of any convenient construction arranged
to press against the cylinder with any required amount of pressure. This pressure
roller projects through an opening in the table. At one end of the table are the
bearings for a roller carrying the paper which is to be printed, and on the opposite
side of the cylinder may be arranged a guide roller or equivalent device to prevent
the paper after printing adhering to the printing cylinder. Drawing off rollers or
their equivalent may be employed to draw off the paper as it is printed and pass
it to tapes or their equivalent which will convey the paper to drying rooms or
apparatus.
A color trough and distributing rollers are adapted to the printing cylinder or
drum in any well known manner.
The printing cylinder or drum may be cast in suitable metal, the surface being
turned down perfectly true and roughened or grained.
The pattern is then drawn on the roughened surface with lithographic crayon
and the blanks are eaten in by acid applied in any convenient manner.
This mode of preparing the printing cylinder is somewhat expensive and we
therefore prefer to prepare the pattern on a plate of zinc or other suitable material
and then bend the plate round and secure it to the cylinder or drum by solder or
otherwise.
In preparing this plate we draw the pattern thereon with lithographic crayon
and eat in the blanks by acid as before described leaving the pattern raised as in a
wood block. The lines which correspond to the comb lines in hand graining may
be done in darker color by hand with a combing roller or in the machine by means
of a special cylinder or drum after the graining coat is dry, When transferred
these lines will show through the graining coat.
In applying complicated patterns and design to various surfaces according to
our invention we prepare the printing cylinders or drums in a manner similar to
that above described, the patterns or designs being first photolithographed and
then transferred to the surface of the cylinder, or the patterns may be photographed
direct onto the metal, the blanks being afterwards eaten in by acid, leaving the
pattern raised.
In preparing the surface to be ornamented the ground or body
color is first applied, and after being varnished the pattern or design is transferred
thereto as before described.
Where several colors are employed in one pattern a separate roller is used for
each color as in the ordinary manner of printing in colors.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Stephen Joseph James Kelly & Charles Boucher Lindsay in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th November 1882.
STEPHEN JOSEPH JAMES KELLY of Great James Street in the County of
Middlesex and CHARLES BOUCHER LINDSAY of Blackheath in the County of Kent
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR GRAINING AND OTHERWISE ORNAMENTING
SURFACES
"3
The chief object of this Invention is to simplify the process of graining, and at
the same time produce work equal to the best hand graining, but the Invention also
relates to otherwise ornamenting surfaces with the most elaborate patterns and
designs in oil colors.
رو
In carrying out our Invention we take suitable transfer paper of the class known
for instance as "Decalcomanie transfer paper and upon this paper we print in
oil colour a fac-simile of the pattern of graining desired. The depth of color will
depend upon the character of the graining whether for light or dark oak, mahogany,
walnut or other wood. The graining thus obtained is applied, say to a door panel
in the following manner. The panel is rubbed down and receives a first coat of
paint in the usual. way. When this first coat of paint is dry the ground color of
the required tint is applied in the usual manner and this ground colour when dry,
receives a thin coating of copal varnish.-When the varnish is about half set or is
still tacky the grained surface of the paper is applied thereto and by means of a
hard roller or other convenient tool the graining coat is caused firmly to adhere to
the varnish. Care must be taken that the adherence between the graining coat
and the varnish is perfect at all points otherwise on the subsequent operation, the
graining coat will be liable to pull up and form blisters or tear off. The paper
backing is then wetted with warm water and after soaking, for say half an hour
is peeled off leaving the graining on the panel. The panel is next washed with a
sponge and water and dried and can then be finished off by varnishing in the
usual way. As the graining coat is practically dry when applied the varnish may
be applied almost immediately by which means damage to the grained surface
before varnishing will be avoided.
In preparing the graining paper we prefer to make use of special apparatus
which we have shown in longitudinal section in the accompanying drawing.
This apparatus consists of a frame A carrying a table B and brackets C in which
are formed the bearings for the axle of the printing cylinder or drum D.-Below
the cylinder D is mounted in adjustable bearings an impression cylinder or drum E
of any convenient construction, and arranged to press against the cylinder D with
any required amount of pressure.-An opening is made in the table to allow for
the contact of the two cylinders D, E,.-At one end of the table is arranged a
roller F carrying the web of paper on which the graining pattern is to be printed.-
In rear of the cylinder D is arranged a guide roller a or equivalent device to
prevent the paper after printing adhering to the printing cylinder. This guide
roller a may be made with a number of projecting points and may be driven, in
which case it will serve as a drawing-off roller to draw off the paper as it is printed
and pass it to tapes or their equivalent which will convey the paper to drying
rooms or apparatus.
In addition to the above, drawing-off rollers arranged to run on the margin of
the paper may if desired be employed.
bb are a pair of guide rollers which serve to keep the paper always at the level
of the table whatever may be the diameter of the roll of paper.

page_text: A color supplying apparatus of any suitable form is adapted to the printing
cylinder or drum. In the drawing we have shown a color trough c with fountain
roller a vibrating "doctor" d,-a color roller e, a pair of distributing rollers ff,
and a transferring roller g.-The action of this apparatus is well understood by
persons acquainted with printing machinery and therefore requires no further
description.
The printing cylinder or drum we prefer to make about three feet in diameter,
as we thus obtain a nine feet run before the pattern is repeated. In some cases of
course the character of the pattern to be printed will allow of a smaller cylinder
being employed.
The printing cylinder will consist of a supporting cylinder or drum which may
be of cast metal or of wood, but in either case it must be accurately turned, and an
engraved plate of zinc or other suitable material which is bent round and secured
to the cylinder.
In preparing this plate the sheet of zinc is first cleaned and then roughened.―
We then draw the pattern on the roughened surface with a lithographic crayon.-
The plate is next treated in a similar manner to a lithographic stone with a suitable
acid which will eat into the parts that are not protected, leaving the pattern in
relief as-in a wood block.
The engraved plate is bent round the cylinder as before referred to and the ends
are carefully soldered together and the line of solder will be engraved so that there
may be no break in the continuity of the pattern.
The engraved cylinder thus formed we secure to the supporting cylinder by
Imeans of screws round the margin or in any other convenient manner which will
permit of the engraved cylinder when done with being removed from the supporting
cylinder to be replaced by another of a different pattern. By thus removing the
engraved cylinders when required the expense attendant upon having a stock of
supporting cylinders will be saved
In order to form the lines in darker color which correspond to the comb lines in
hand graining we may use a combing roller G or its equivalent. This roller which
may consist of a series of notched discs is suitably mounted in rear of the printing
cylinder D and is provided with an adjustable impression roller G¹ and suitable
color supplying apparatus. The lines may if desired be done after the graining
coat is dry by hand with a combing roller such as that just described and which
is well known in the Trade.-These lines when transferred will show through the
graining coat.
In applying complicated patterns and designs, such for instance as a pattern of
lace to various surfaces according to our Invention, we construct the printing
cylinders or drums in a manner similar to that above described, the patterns or
designs being produced on the plates by means of photography in any well known
manner, the unprotected parts being afterwards eaten in by acid, leaving the
pattern raised. In preparing the surface to be ornamented say a wall, the wall
will be stopped and receive a first coating of paint in the usual manner when
painting walls in oil color, and the ground or body color is then applied-When
this is dry it receives a coating of copal varnish as before described and the pattern
or design is then transferred thereto.
Where several colors are employed in one pattern, a separate roller is used for
cach color, as in the ordinary manner of printing in colors.-The above described
mode of printing is also applicable to the printing of labels or similar matters
where large quantities are required.
Having now described the nature of our Invention for Improvements in the
means for graining and otherwise ornamenting surfaces and explained the manner
of carrying into effect We claim
First The improved means substantially as herein described for graining and
otherwise ornamenting surfaces

page_text: Secondly. The graining or other paper for ornamenting surfaces prepared in the
mauner substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof we the said Stephen Joseph James Kelly and Charles
Boucher Lindsay have hereunto set our hands and seals the tenth day of
November in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty
two:
S. J. J. KELLY
(L.S.)
CHAS. B. LINDSAY (L.S.)