Improvements relating to the Dyeing of Cotton and other Textile Fibres, and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as allowed by
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 5th day of April 1898.
Date of Application, 24th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left. 22nd Mar.. 1894-Accepted. 28th Apr.. 1894
Improvements relating to the Dyeing of Cotton and other Textile
Fibres, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C. do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows;-
This invention relates to the dyeing of cotton and other textile fibres in the form
of sliver or of slub or roving, and to apparatus therefor.
The apparatus comprises two or more groups of devices comprising each an
injector and several pair of pressing rollers placed above vats designed to collect the
liquor expelled by the said rollers. The lower pressing rollers of each pair are
operated by a longitudinal shaft and bevel wheels or in any other suitable manner.
They have on their periphery a rectangular groove which is designed to receive the
sliver or the like and the bottom of which is covered with indiarubber. The upper
pressing rollers, which are carried away by friction, engage under the action of
counterweights or springs, with the grooves of the corresponding lower rollers.
The injectors employed, which constitute a special feature of the system, are
composed of an interior nozzle the transverse section of which changes gradually
from the circular to the rectangular form, assuming at the extremity the form of a
rectangle having a height of only about one-third of its width. The sides of
the nozzle are pierced with holes inclined to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle
itself.
The nozzle is secured by screw-threads in the interior of a casing which forms a
closed chamber all around the nozzle and communicates through indiarubber pipes
with reservoirs placed above and containing the dye liquors.
The mode of operation is as follows: The sliver or the like to be treated passes
into the first injector, while the dye liquor contained in the first reservoir passes
under pressure through holes in the nozzle of this injector and traverses the
thickness of the sliver so as to soak it completely This soaking operation is
tacilitated by reason of the flattened form which the injector assumes
extremity and which has the effect of diminishing the thickness of the sliver which
the liquor has to traverse.
at its
After the sliver soaked with liquor has left the first injector it is submitted to
the action of the pressing rollers and lets the liquor flow into the first vat. A
second injector and a second series of pressing rollers act in the same manner, the
CD
077

page_text: dye liquor coming from the second reservoir being collected in the second vat.
A third reservoir of dye liquor a third injector, and a third series of pressing
rollers with a lower vat may be added.
The sliver which leaves the last pair of pressing rollers is either deposited in the
rotary device generally employed or wound upon a tube pierced with holes and
closed at one extremity, into which a jet of hot air under pressure is introduced to
accelerate the drying.
The liquors which flow into the vats are raised by means of pumps into the upper
reservoirs where they are regenerated by the addition of dye-stuff.
The same process is applicable to slub or roving if the dimensions of the different
parts be modified.
Dated this 24th day of June 1893.
Improvements relating to the Dyeing of Cotton and other Textile.
Fibres, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the dyeing of cotton and other textile fibres in the form
of sliver or of slub or roving and to apparatus therefor.
•
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a side elevation showing in diagram the whole of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the injector which constitutes the essential part
of the apparatus.
Figure 3 is a similar vertical section taken at right angles to Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a section on the line a, b of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a section on the line c, d of Figure 2
Figure 6 is a section on the line e, f of Figure 2.
Figure 7 is a modified form of injector
Figures 8 and 9 show in longitudinal section and end view respectively of a
further modified form of the injector, drawn to an enlarged scale and
Figure 10 shows a general arrangement of a modified form of apparatus.
The apparatus is composed of two or more groups of devices comprising each
an injector and several pairs of pressing rollers placed above vats designed to
collect the liquor expelled by the said rollers. The lower pressing rollers o of each
pair are operated by a longitudinal shaft and bevel wheels or in any other suitable
manner. They have on their periphery a rectangular groove which is designed to
receive the sliver or the like and the bottom of which is covered with indiarubber,
The upper pressing rollers, which are carried away by friction, engage under the
action of counterweights or springs, with the grooves of the corresponding lower
rollers.
The injectors I. Figure 1, which constitute a special feature of the system, are
composed of an interior nozzle M the transverse section of which as shown in
Figures 4 to 6, changes gradually from the circular to the rectangular form,
assuming at the extremity the form of a rectangle having a height of only about

page_text: one-third of its width. The sides of the nozzle M are pierced with holes r inclined
to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle itself.
The nozzle M is secured by screw threads in the interior of a casing N which
forms a closed chamber all around the nozzle and communicates through the
connection cd and indiarubber pipes c¹ and with reservoirs S S¹ placed above
and containing the dye liquors.
The mode of operation is as follows: The sliver or the like to be treated which
leaves the carding pot T passes into the first injector I, while the dye liquor
contained in the first reservoir S¹ passes under pressure through the holes r in the
nozzle of this injector I and traverses the thickness of the sliver so as to soak it
completely. This soaking operation is facilitated by reason of the flattened form
which the injector assumes at its extremity and which has the effect of diminishing
the thickness of the sliver which the liquor has to traverse.
A
After the sliver soaked with liquor has left the first injector it is submitted to
the action of the pressing rollers o, the liquor falling into the first vat V¹.
second injector I and a second series of pressing rollers o act in the same manner,
the dye liquor coming from the second reservoir S, being collected in the second
vat V. A third reservoir of dye liquor with its injector, series of pressing rollers
and a lower vat may be added in the same manner.
The sliver which leaves the last pair of pressing rollers is either deposited in
the rotary device generally employed or wound at B upon a tube pierced with holes
and closed at one extremity, into which a jet of hot air under pressure is introduced
to accelerate the drying.
The liquors which flow into the vats V and V₁ are raised by means of pumps
into the upper reservoirs S S¹ where they are regenerated by the addition of
dyestuff.
The same process is applicable to slub or roving the dimensions of the different
parts be modified.
When the invention is applied more especially to slivers obtained in the carding
of cotton I have found that for facilitating the introduction of the slivers
(generally from 4 to 6 in number) into the apparatus and also rendering the
operation of the latter more regular it is expedient to support the sliver to be dyed
in their passage through the machine by a continuous perforated band serving for
their support
In this case the injectors may assume various forms, while fulfilling the same
object as those represented in Figures 2 to 6. One of these forms is represented
in Figure 7, in which the injector consists of two cylindrical sectors c¹ el provided
with slots f f directed perpendicularly to the plane of the figure, and from which
flows the liquid under pressure which is conducted thereto through the pipe
connections f¹ fl. The lower sector A¹ upon which slides the guide band n is
fixed; the upper sector B¹, below which the slivers n' to be dyed pass, is pivotted
at m, which point is situated at the rear of the slots f¹ f¹ in the direction of the
movement. The movableness of the part B¹, which is kept pressed downwards
by counterweights, permits of the passage of the knots and irregularities in the
slivers
One of the two slots f¹ f' is placed a little to the rear relatively to the other in
order that the air contained in the sliver and chased by the liquid current may be
able to escape freely.
The injectors may also assume the form represented in Figures 8 and 9, which
consists of two elements each formed of two complete cylinders turning one in the
interior of the other. The outer cylinder c¹ is movable and provided with slots h¹
arranged around the periphery of the cylinder. The inner cylinder d¹ is fixed
and provided with a single slot 9 situated in correspondence with the point of
contact with the sliver n¹. The liquid under pressure passes into the lower
cylinder through the pipe o¹ and is injected into the slivers to be dyed
along the line of contact between the fixed slot 9 and the slots h¹ of the

page_text: revolving cylinder c¹ which will successively be placed in the plane of the said
slot g.
I
As regards the dye liquor if the latter is susceptible of changing easily, it is
well to avoid circulating by means of pumps the part of the bath, in excess.
utilize in this case the property of the slivers to rapidly imbibe dye substances
when they have previously been moistened with another liquid (for example
water). When the sliver is moistened, the pressure necessary for producing
imbibition is altogether insufficient and it is sufficient for this purpose to plunge
it simply into a dye bath.
Accordingly the sliver previously soaked with liquid by means of the employment
of one of the injectors described or a similar apparatus, after this liquid has been
pressed out by pressing cylinders or otherwise, is introduced into a tank M¹,
Figure 10, in which one or more pairs of pressing cylinders p p are placed, having
their line of contact below the level of the dye liquor and a pair of cylinders q q¹
having their line of contact above the level of the liquid in the bath. The
cylinders p p expel from the sliver the liquid with which it was previously soaked
in order to render more uniform the bath which is again absorbed by the sliver
as soon as the pressure to which it is subjected by the cylinders p p¹ is removed.
The cylinders g¹ whose pressure can be regulated, serve to expel from the sliver
the liquid in excess.
It is very important for the line of contact between p and p¹ to be below the
level of the liquid in order that the sliver when traversing them shall not be
pressed too dry, for otherwise the air would penetrate and it could not then absorb
the bath successively.
A float which operates a valve applied to the pipes 711 711 (Figure 10) maintains
the liquor at a constant level in the tank.
The quantity of liquor contained in the tanks must be as small as possible in
order that the composition of the bath may be kept constant and the liquor may
not undergo any alteration by reason of the rapidity with which it is renewed;
this is the reason for the form given to the tanks M¹ in Figure 10, in which n¹ is
the sliver to be dyed, n the perforated supporting band, a¹ a¹ feed cylinders,
injectors for any one of the systems described, 9 q' pressing cylinders,
? p¹ pressing cylinders with surfaces of contact either plunged or not into the
bath, a guide roller, S2 a reel distributing the slivers n¹ in the pot U to which
a transverse to and fro movement is imparted, S S¹ reservoirs containing the dye
liquor and maintaining the level constant in the tank by means of the pipes 11 11
provided with valves having floats, u passages establishing communication between
the different parts of the tanks, vv discharge cocks.
The feed cylinders a¹ a¹ are provided with an automatic stopping device operating
in case of the breakage of one of the slivers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:
First. The application, in the continuous dyeing of cotton or other textile
fibre, in the form of sliver or slub or roving, of an injector the nozzle of which
communicating with the dye liquor under pressure, is traversed interiorly by the
sliver or the roving to be dyed, and presents in transverse section at the outlet the
form of a very shallow rectangle relatively to its width, so as to reduce to a
minimum the thickness of the fibres which the liquor must traverse, substantially
as described and shown with reference to the figures of the drawings.
Second In an apparatus for the continuous dyeing of textile fibres such as
herein before described the employment of injectors such as those represented in
Figures 8 and 9 or other similar apparatus susceptible of utilizing the velocity
of a liquid under pressure for removing the air contained in the fibres of the
slivers to be dyed and completely soaking them with liquid.

page_text: Third. A device such as that represented in Figure 10, characterized by the
employment of injectors, as described in the second claim for the first imbibition
and of simple passages in the tinctorial bath for the successive imbibitions.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.