IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Mosdell Smith, of Hammersmith, and'
Cornelius Burke, of 27, Earl Street, Kensington, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES."
Sealed the 23rd September 1857, and dated the 23rd March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Mosdell Smith
and Cornelius Burke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd March 1857.
We, THOMAS MOSDELL SMITH, of Hammersmith, and CORNELIUS BURKE, of
27, Earl Street, Kensington, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS APPLICABLE TO THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements. in the preparation of
materials applicable to the manufacture of candles, and the Invention consists
of mixing or combining rosin with tallow, palm oil, and other oily and fatty
matters, and then acidifying such compounds of combined matters; and it is
preferred to combine rosin with tallow and palm oil, though it may be with
other fat or oils, and then to saponify the same with lime and to bring back
by acid, as is well understood, the products being afterwards melted and sub-
jected to cold or hot pressure, or they may be distilled as fatty acids are now

page_text: distilled; or in place of acidifying by saponification and bringing back by
acid, the combined matters may be acted on by acid, as is well understood
when treating oily and fatty matters alone.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Mosdell Smith and Cornelius Burke in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 23rd September 1857.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
MOSDELL SMITH, of Hammersmith, and CORNELIUS BURKE, of 27, Earl Street,
Kensington, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and. grant unto us, the said
Thomas Mosdell Smith and Cornelius Burke, Her special licence that we,
the said Thomas Mosdell Smith and Cornelius Burke, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Mosdell Smith
and Cornelius Burke, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Mosdell Smith
and Cornelius Burke, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Mosdell Smith, on behalf of
myself and the said Cornelius Burke, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of
materials applicable to the manufacture of candles, and the Invention consists

page_text: of mixing or combining rosin with tallow, palm oil, and other oily and fatty
matters, and then acidifying such compounds or combined matters; and it is
preferred to combine rosin with tallow and palm oil, though it may be with
other fats or oils, and then to saponify the same with lime and to bring back
by acid, as is well understood, the products being afterwards molted and
subjected to cold or hot pressure, or they may be distilled as fatty acids are now
distilled; or in place of acidifying by saponification and bringing back by
acid, the combined matters may be acted on by acid, as is well understood
when treating oily and fatty matters alone.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the process which we
prefer to employ.
We take about three parts, by weight, of tallow, one part of palm oil, and
one part of rosin, which we prefer to be of a light color; these materials we
carefully mix together, the tallow being first melted, and the palm oil and
rosin (in a finely powdered state) added thereto; when the mixture is com-
plete we saponify it with lime in the ordinary way, using as much lime as
would be employed were the mixture entirely tallow and palm oil. After the
saponifying process, the material is brought back with sulphuric acid, as is
well understood, and is cast into cakes, which are then subjected to the
process of cold pressure to separate the oil, as when working with material
containing no rosin. After the cold-pressure process the cakes are remelted
and again cast into the same forms to be submitted to the hot-pressure
process, and this process requires to be conducted with some care to avoid an
undue increase in the quantity of grease expressed. Before the material is
put into the press the plates and chamber of the press are heated to about
200° by blowing steam through the chamber, and afterwards when the charge
is in the press the steam is still admitted to the chamber until the mass of
the materials is heated as nearly as possible to 140°, and the pressure is
gradually applied until the grease begins to flow freely, and during the
process as the flow of grease diminishes the pressure is increased until the
full pressure is applied, and this should not be quite so heavy as when
pressing material made from tallow and palm oil without rosin. During the
process also the temperature of the materials should be gradually raised with
the pressure until a temperature of about 150° is attained towards the end of
the operation, which usually occupies about one hour and three quarters.
The cakes after hot pressing are suitable for use in the manufacture of
candles.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of

page_text: performing the same, we would have it understood that we do not confine'
ourselves to the exact details described; but what we claim is, the mixing
or combining rosin with tallow, palm oil, and other oily and fatty matters,
and the acidifying such compounds or combined matters.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Mosdell Smith, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
E. BARKER...
THOMAS MOSDELL. SMITH. (L.S.)