matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SCREW NUT, AND RATCHET BRACE FOR WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hope at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May.
1857.
I, JOHN HOPE, of Bishops Auckland, in the County of Durham, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SCREW
NUT, AND RATCHET BRACE FOR WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming screw nuts cylindrical on the outside, and
either plain, or grooved, or fluted in a line parallel with the axis thereof. The
ratchet brace consists of a lever with forked ends or jaws, in one or both of
which is fitted a moveable tongue to clasp the nuts and turn them as required,
These nuts and braces will be especially useful where there is not sufficient
space to allow of much play of the lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOFING WOVEN FABRICS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: the Act.)
u was wr given within the time prescribed by
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Heinemann and Arnold
Heinemann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th May 1857.
We, LOUIS HEINEMANN and ARNOLD HEINEMANN, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOFING WOVEN FABRICS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
We take pure alumina dissolved in an acid, vegetable acid in preference,
and add the necessary quantity of water, which forms a solution in which we
put the fabric or material for a sufficient length of time. After taking the
fabric or material out of the solution we dry and steam it. The steaming
causes any superfluous acid to evaporate, thus finishing the chemical incor-
poration or combination of the alumina with the fibre, and preventing any
disagreeable smell. We obtain pure alumina, or alumina dissolved in an acid,
as above alluded to, as follows:-
Firstly, we put to a given quantity of alum a similar or suitable quantity of
soda, either or both being dissolved separately or together in cold or hot water.
After the effervescing ceases we allow the mixture to cool, and thus obtain a
liquid which we decant, the sediment being the pure alumina, which we
require.

page_text: Secondly, we put to a given quantity of alum the necessary quantity of
chalk, and submit it to the same process already described; we then decant
the liquid, and find in the sediment alumina and sulphuric calcium, to which
we add an acid with which the alumina will incorporate; the liquid thus
obtained is the dissolved alumina, nearly all the sulphuric calcium being left
in the sediment. All alkaline earths, as barrium, strontium, magnesium, and
their combinations, give the same or similar results as calcium, and may be
used as follows:-We put a quantity of alum to any convenient quantity
of carbonic lead or white lead, and submit it to the process, as described in
our second process; the ultimate or last sediment in this case will be sulphuric
lead.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING 'TEMPLE,' TO BE EMPLOYED IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Halsall and William
Hayhurst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th February 1857.
We, WILLIAM HALSALL and WILLIAM HAYHURST, both of Bury, in the
County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of
our Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING 'TEMPLE,' TO BE EMPLOYED IN
POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to self-acting "temples" employed in power.
looms, for the purpose of distending the fabric whilst being woven, and par-
ticularly and exclusively to that description of "temples" wherein the holding
or roughened surface is formed upon bars constituting a roller, longitudinally
subdivided through its body in the direction of its axis into several parts
or segments, and which parts have a lateral sliding motion imparted to them.
Now, our Invention consists in the use of a similar construction or arrange-
ment, which, instead of sliding against each other and forming their own axis,
slide
upon a stationary spindle or axis, and have two or a few rows of points or
pins fixed upon their outer surface, partaking more of the character and form
of a wheel divided into segments, and having points upon its periphery.
Secondly, the improvements consist in the application of a cover, used.
in combination with the aforesaid sliding segments, for the purpose of bolding
the fabric upon the distending points; this cover is moveable upon a hinge

page_text: joint, and can be raised from the points or secured upon the fabric by a thumb-
screw or otherwise.
The improved description of "temple," as herein described, is especially
applicable to the manufacture of fustians and other similar strong fabrics, there
being less friction upon the segments, and a firmer hold is maintained upon 5
the points by the combination of the cover, the lateral sliding of the segments
of points or pins being effected by suitably formed inclined cams or excentrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKING APPARATUS FOR VEHICLES USED ON RAILWAYS OR ON OTHER ROADS OR WAYS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN GUARDS AND DRIVERS OF TRAINS
Year: 1857

page_text: This invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Gough and Joshua
Margerison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th August 1857.
We, THEOPHILUS GOUGH, of the City and County of Bristol, Engineer, and
JOSHUA MARGERISON, of the same City and County, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKING
APPARATUS FOR VEHICLES USED ON RAILWAYS OR ON OTHER ROADS OR WAYS,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN GUARDS AND DRIVERS
OF TRAINS," to be as follows:-
Our brake or break is intended to act on the wheels of any number of
carriages, simultaneously retarding and stopping their progress by preventing
the rotation of the wheels. The power by which the above result is proposed
to be obtained may be steam or hand power, aided by the momentum of the
train itself. Each carriage is to be fitted with a longitudinal sliding bar with
buffer ends; these bars, when the carriages are coupled, form one continuous
means of communication between the different carriages throughout the train,
and rest on framework attached to the axle bars of each carriage. Working
in connection with these sliding bars are transverse levers with elliptical heads,
which turn on a pivot or axle maintaining expansive action. These transverse
levers operate by an excentric action on the ends of the rods connected with
the break blocks, which by the expansive action of the transverse levers when

page_text: operated upon by the longitudinal sliding bars, press with immense power on
the wheels of the carriages, and thus prevent their rotation. This result is
produced equally by a backward or forward motion of the longitudinal sliding
bars; and the breaks may be applied either by the guards or engine drivers.
If by the guards, the motion is communicated by, and the power derived from,
a rackwork and pinion moved by a wheel or lever, or is obtained by the use
of an excentric. If the breaking apparatus be applied by the engine drivers,
the power may be obtained from the engine, or hand power may be used,
as in the case of the guards. The longitudinal sliding bars also form a
means of communication between the drivers of the engine and the guards of
the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1857

page_text: rovisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Honeyman, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1857.
I, JOHN HONEYMAN, the younger, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the generation or production of steam, by the
agency of a tubular circulation through the steam boiler of highly heated
water. The heating water receives its necessary high temperature from tubes
suitably arranged within heating furnaces of any convenient kind, and these
tubes are thus conveyed through the boiler wherein the steam is to be raised.
This application of heated water, the circulation through the heating tubes
being properly kept up, raises steam very quickly and economically. Instead
of this circulating heated water through the water to be converted into steam,
high-pressure steam may be used in a similar way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING GAS FOR ILLUMINATION
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1857.
I, the said JOSEPH HARRIS, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING GAS FOR ILLUMINATION," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying to burners a substance which will ignite
a gas or gases, permitted at required times to arrive in contact therewith.
This effect may be obtained by causing a stream of hydrogen to fall upon
spongy platinum; and to apply these to the purpose of my Invention I connect
the platinum to the ordinary apparatus, so that the act of turning on the gas
causes it to be brought contiguous to the orifice of the burner; at the same
time a stream of hydrogen is allowed to pass on to the said platinum, the con-
sequence of which will be a sufficient explosion to ignite the gas. This
arrangement I apply to a series, the whole number being brought into action
simultaneously, or they may be ignited separately. The sources of hydrogen
gas may be those employed for other purposes, but a method I adopt is as
follows:-Within the inner of two cylinders I place a piece of zinc, suspended
in dilute acid, by which means hydrogen gas is liberated. The interior
cylinder does not extend to the bottom of the outward, thereby leaving a space

page_text: for the fluid to be forced upward therein. When this has been done to a
certain extent, the acid will have been expelled from contact with the zinc and
no more gas will be liberated, that already existing constituting a definite
supply for being admitted to the platinum; as before described.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MARKING OR SCORING AT WHIST AND OTHER GAMES, WHICH MAY BE ADAPTED FOR OTHERWISE ASSISTING THE MEMORY OF THE PLAYERS
Year: 1857

page_text: rotection,
proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1857.
I, JOHN FORD, of Stepney, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR MARKING OR SCORING AT WHIST AND OTHER GAMES, WHICH MAY BE ADAPTED
FOR OTHERWISE ASSISTING THE MEMORY OF THE PLAYERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this apparatus is for marking or scoring at whist and other
games, and (where requisite and allowable) for assisting the player to remember
the suit which may happen to be "trumps."
The apparatus consists of a case or holder, in which a disc or piece of card-
board or other suitable material, free to revolve, and having figures marked on
the front, is so fitted that it may be readily turned or moved wholly or partially
round (which may conveniently be done by causing its edges to protrude
beyond the sides of the case), in such manner as to bring any desired figure
opposite an aperture made for the purpose in front of the case, and thus
present it to view for scoring or marking.
Another such disc or piece, having marked on it the characteristics or signs
of the four suits, may be fitted in like manner in the case above, below, or
beside the former, and may be turned like it, so as to present one of such
signs at an aperture formed in front of the case to indicate what "suit" is
trumps."
IMPROVEMENTS IN Appa- RATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1857

page_text: vy ACL.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Miller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1857.
I, GEORGE MILLER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Appa-
RATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in an improved apparatus for heating,
and in so arranging the air passages in combination therewith, that the room
or building in which the heating apparatus is placed is effectually ventilated.
The fire-grate of the heating apparatus is capable of being closed all round, so
that the air to keep up combustion enters below the grate; the products of
combustion are conveyed into a dome or chamber, and then pass downwards
to the off-pipe and into the flue or chimney. The dampers or valves for
regulating the escape of the smoke and the admission of air are so arranged
that when the supply of air is shut off from the fire-grate the
flue or chimney is enlarged, thereby increasing the ventilation.
passage to the
IMPROVEMENT IN SPRING BED BOTTOMS, SAID BOTTOMS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FURNITURE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elkan Adler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1857.
I, ELKAN ADLER, of the City of New York, in the United States of America,
at present residing at No. 138, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN
SPRING BED BOTTOMS, SAID BOTTOMS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF
FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in providing any suitable framework, and arranging
thereon a series of spiral or helical springs, said springs being provided
separately with a cap or disc, these discs being united or connected one with
the other, and connecting with the framework by an arrangement of horizon-
tally arranged spiral springs, flexible or other links, the object of which is to
ensure a greater degree of elasticity, and admitting of a more equal strain;
also in retaining the vertical springs in an upright position.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MOULDS OR FORMS FOR LOAVES OF SUGAR
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Ansens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1857.
I, ANTHONY ANSENS, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Coppersmith
Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOULDS OR FORMS FOR LOAVES OF SUGAR," to be as follows:-
The moulds for forming loaves of sugar now generally employed are partly
of a cylindrical form. The sugar loaf is, therefore, of an inconvenient shape,
both for cutting (as much waste ensues) and for storage, as considerable loss
of space is sustained; and in stores of small capicity this loss is important,
and more especially on shipboard, where loss of space is loss of money. To
obviate these inconveniences, I propose to make my moulds (whether of iron,
copper, or other metal or material) square or oblong square, with a cornice
at their bottom part, from thence gradually tapering (but still with flat or
square sides) till within a small space from the top, then the taper is changed
to an angle till it reaches the top, where it becomes a diamond point, with
a hole in the centre thereof, to allow the syrup which may still remain in the
sugar after it is placed in the mould to drain off.
AN IMPROVED MEANS FOR ROLLING HOOPS AND WHEEL TYRES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Danvers and George
Whitfield Billings at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th July 1857.
We, PATRICK DANVERS, of the City and State of New York, and GEORGE
WHITFIELD BILLINGS, of Plainfield, in the County of Union, State of New
Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS FOR ROLLING HOOPS AND WHEEL TYRES,"
to be as follows :—
The iron to form the hoop or tyre is bent up in any usual manner, and
welded together at the ends. The hoop or tyre is then placed, while in a
heated state, between a pair of rollers with grooved surfaces, adapted to the
sectional shape of the hoop or tyre, whether the same be flat, or formed with
a flange, as for locomotives, &c. The said rollers are opened to receive the
hoop or tyre, or forced together to roll the same by means of suitable screws
and gearing, and the said rollers are connected to each other, and driven by
suitable gearing.
We provide above said rollers a horizontal slide, fitted so as to be adjusted
vertically until it stands at the line of the diameter of the hoop or tyre to be
rolled. On this slide two rollers are applied on sliding blocks, in such a
manner that a screw fitted in aforesaid slide, with right and left-handed threads
upon it, shall project or retract the said rollers to the diameter of the hoop or

page_text: tyre, and theso rollers, which gauge the diameter, in connection with the
before-mentioned compressing rollers, form the tyre or hoop perfectly round,
and of the correct size and shape.
A roller or rollers applied on the aforesaid slide, taking the edges of the
hoop or tyre, keep the same correctly in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLACING SETS OR PARTIAL SETS OF TEETH, GUMS, AND PALATES, ON PLATES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Ninck at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1857.
I, JEAN NINCK, of No. 37, Brewer Street, Golden Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLACING SETS OR PARTIAL SETS OF TEETH, GUMS, AND PALATES,
ON PLATES," to be as follows:-
The plates are composed of the following ingredients, gutta percha, india-
rubber, sulphur of zinc, vermilion, and proto-oxide of gold, in such proportions
that the heat renders the amalgamation both hard and elastic, which con-
sequently enables the wearer to fill with the greatest ease any cavities about
the gums, mouth, and palate. The substance is free from smell, and not in-
jurious to digestion, and effectually assists the mastication of food, and at the
same time retains the natural color of the mouth.
In my Final Specification I propose to give the accurate proportions of the
ingredients, and likewise the manner in which I fix the teeth, and place the
gums and palates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Travis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1857.
I, WILLIAM TRAVIS, of Crompton, in the Parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, Carder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
In the construction of furnaces, I propose to place or fix plates of any
suitable metal or material transversely under the fire bars for the purpose of
checking the direct current of air and forcing it through the fire, thereby
economizing fuel, and causing a more complete combustion of smoke than has
hitherto been accomplished. I do not confine myself to any particular
number of the said plates, nor to any precise position of fixing them, as
experience alone will decide the number and position best suited to the
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PACKING BOXES OB CASES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Mead and George Mead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
25th February 1857.
We, JOB MEAD, of Bethnal Green, and GEORGE MEAD, of the same Place,
in the County of Middlesex, Iron Plate Workers, do hereby declare tho
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PACKING BOXES
OB CASES," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to boxes or cases for packing bullion and other
like valuable property, and which are made of sheet iron or other suitable
metal.
The sheet metal is cut to the required size and folded in one piece, to form
the body of the box or case, and the metal is then secured down one side with
a lap joint or rivets; within one or both ends is a metal rim or ring to
strengthen the same, and the edges of the metal may be turned over outwards,
so as to permit the head piece to slide over it by having its edges lapped to
correspond thereto, or the heads may have their edges turned upwards, and be
inserted in the body to lap inwards. The lap edges may then be hammered
down close, and cannot afterwards be opened without detection, it being
requisite to cut or forco the metal. One or more metal hoops or bands may
be passed over the outside of boxes, so constructed, for their further security.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: nvention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Ambroise Montel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1857.
I PIERRE AMBROISE MONTEL, of Paris, in the French Empire, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
My improved motive power is obtained from springs or blades of steel or
iron, which are supported at their extremities by wheels fixed on an axle, to
which rotary motion is to be communicated, and also at their centre to a
central wheel also fixed on the same axle. The action of the springs puts the
central wheel, and therefore the axle in motion, which is kept up until breaks
or other controlling agents are applied to stop or reduce its speed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1857.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," a communication from abroad, to be
as follows:
This Invention consists, first, in driving the circular needle, in machines
where circular needles are employed, by means of a spiral groove and elastic
driver, the circular needle being attached to a vertical spindle in which a
spiral groove is made, and in which groove the elastic driver works up and
down so as to turn the needle to and fro as required.
Second, in forming a flat or straight portion on the vertical spindle, for the
purpose of holding the circular needle stationary whilst the driver continues
to move the required distance.
Third, in making this driver of several layers of spring metal to make it
elastic.
Fourth, in attaching this driver to the opposite end of the vertical needle
lever which extends below the bed plate of the machine, such lever being
bent thus
and forming a rigid connection between the driver on the

page_text: end of the lower limb and the vertical needle on the end of the upper limb,
so that the two will move simultaneously, the fulcrum or working centre
being at the bend of the lever.
Fifth, in applying the power which operates the vertical needle lever
directly, or nearly so, underneath the vertical needle, when such lever is made
rigid or without a joint.
Sixth, the placing of india-rubber or other elastic or sound deadening
material between the machine and the table which supports it, whereby
the unpleasant noise which usually occurs in working sewing machines is
altogether or in a great measure obviated.
This elastic material may be used in the form of short tubes let into sockets
or holes in the table, in which sockets or holes, so lined, are dropped the feet
or projecting pins on the under side of the bed plate of the machine, such
pins and sockets serving also to keep the machine in its place on the table.
Seventh, the driving of the machine by means of a band of india-rubber or
other suitable material shrunk on to the grooved periphery of one of the
pullies which give motion to the mechanism, such band projecting sufficiently
far beyond the periphery to take into a groove made in a second pulley, so
that the two pulleys will have a layer of frictional material interposed between
their peripheries, whereby the use of toothed gearing may be dispensed with.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GARMENTS, WHEREBY ONE GARMENT MAY BE CHANGED IN FORM TO THAT OF SEVERAL OTHERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Clovis Dieulafait at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
June 1857.
I, JULES CLOVIS DIEULAFAIT, Merchant, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
and of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING GARMENTS,
WHEREBY ONE GARMENT MAY BE CHANGED IN FORM TO THAT OF SEVERAL OTHERS," to
be as follows, and consists in making garments, either for ladies or gentlemen,
the shape of which may be modified at will. For instance, a gentleman's
paletot may be transformed into a short or great coat, a dress coat, hunting
coat, &c.
For ladies the same garment may be transformed into a mantle, a talma,
a burnous, a basquine, or even into what is called a "Ristori."
I obtain these results by using buttons, or hooks & eyes, or both, for
holding together and concealing certain parts of the garments, and also by
adding certain parts.
So as to obtain better results I can use elastic materials or ribbons, and in
certain cases the joints may be concealed by means of ornaments simulating
a design.
My Invention may be applied to ladies' or gentlemen's garments of any
shape or size, and made of any kind of materials used for garments.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SAPETY APPARATUS FOR GIVING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernhard Samuelson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1857.
I, BERNHARD SAMUELSON, of Brafford's House, near Brough, Yorkshire,
Iron Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention -for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SAPETY APPARATUS FOR GIVING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT," to be as
follows:-
I admit the necessary air for combustion into, and discharge the products of
combustion from, candle lanterns (for burning candles which do not require
to be snuffed) through wire gauze, similar to that of the Davy lamp, so that
such candles may be safely burnt in such lanterns in mines and other places
where explosive gases are liable to occur.
I prefer that the candles be inclosed in a case fitted with a cap and spring,
as in the ordinary "Palmer's" candlestick, such case being screwed into the
lantern from below, so as to dispense with all unnecessary openings in the
lantern.
The translucent parts of the lantern may be made double for the sake of
safety, and may be composed of glass, horn, talc, or any other convenient
material.
What I consider to be my Invention is, the application of the Davy gauze
to the air passages of candle lanterns in which self-snuffing candles are burnt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRAINED WIRE FENCING' POR DIVIDING FIELDS, PARKS, AND PLEASURE GROUNDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hamilton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1857.
I, JAMES HAMILTON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Wire Worker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STRAINED WIRE FENCING' POR DIVIDING FIELDS, PARKS, AND
PLEASURE GROUNDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to fences or railings for dividing or separating land,
or similar purposes, made or constructed by "straining" or stretching a
number or series of iron wires betwixt posts fixed in the ground, or from one
post to another, and secured thereon, which wires are held rigid or on the
stretch by means of spurs or props placed at an incline to the post at each
end of the wires or lengths of the fencing or railing.
My improvements consist in the employment of iron rods to form the top
rail in such fences, instead of the top wire, each rod having a male screw at
one end, with a collar at a suitable distance from the end, and a female screw
at the other end. I pass the male screw through a hole in the top of a post
until the collar comes in contact with the side of the post, the screw end
protruding sufficiently to allow the female end of another rod or rail to be
screwed to the other side of the post, thus forming a secure jointing of rails
and post; and by placing and securing in like manner other rails and posts in

page_text: succession, I construct a strong yet light fence, and by having the screws of
each alternate jointing of the rods or rails right and left handed I am enabled
to remove or replace any one rail without interfering with the adjoining
rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THRASHING AND SEPARATING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1857.
I, THOMAS GEORGE SHAW, of Dartmouth Row, Blackheath, in the County
of Kent, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THRASHING AND SEPARATING WHEAT AND OTHER
GRAIN," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements consist in giving a combined reciprocating and oscillating
motion to one or more beaters, by attaching such beaters to a series of con-
necting rods working through an oscillating guide bar, the opposite ends of
such connecting rods being attached by proper bearings to and put in motion
by the revolution of a cranked spindle, or by one or more eccentrics. The
motion produced in the connecting rods and beaters, if they were suspended
from and working freely upon a revolving cranked spindle, would be little
more than a simple reciprocating one; but by passing the connecting rods
through an oscillating guide bar, capable of moving only in a direction at
right angles to its axis, the motion of the beaters is converted from a recipro-
cating one to a compound reciprocating and oscillating motion, and the ears of
corn or other substance submitted to their action are not only beaten or
thrashed, but are also rubbed between the bed of the machine and the beater
in such a manner as to effectually separate the corn, without breaking or
injuring the straw so much as has been the case with the machines heretofore
in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ACTUAL MEASUREMENT FOR 'DELINEATING GARMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: Inis Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1857. Partly a communication.
I, WILLIAM BARR, of 15, Panton Street, Haymarket, in the County of
Middlesex, Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ACTUAL MEASUREMENT FOR 'DELINEATING GARMENTS'," partly
a communication, to be as follows:-
I am the sole individual possessor of the present system as it is now
arranged by me. The system in its present form is now contained on a ruler
of 22 inches long, on it is arranged eleven scales, taken from fractional parts
of actual measurement, with 7 other graduated scales of fractional parts of the
measure of other parts of the frame; these scales are used in cutting every
garment worn by gentlemen and also ladies, such as are. cut and made by
tailors. The scales might also be arranged on a square, to suit the con-
venience of any who might prefer it, or on different sized rulers, with the
same effect when properly. According to its arrangements it delineates
garments that will fit with the strictest certainty without trying alteration. .
The Invention is not in use in Great Britain. In all the scales, except 3
and 11; the shoulder measure of 18 is represented by 9, and so on.
The third scale contains parts of the blade measure, and as represented by
the full sizo; when the blade measure is 20, we mark 20 in scale 3.

page_text: Scale 11 is totally applicable to ladies' habits and polkas. These scales are
all calculated from the ends of the ruler; they are also used in the order in
which they are numbered, thus making their use or application simple and
easy.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ELEVATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: ters
atent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1857. A communication from Julien Ramar.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ELEVATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," (com-
municated to me by Julien Ramar, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in elevating water or other liquids for fountains and
other purposes by means of a piston, driven or pressed upwards by a spring
or springs, which spring or springs is or are compressed when.the force thereof
is expended, to act again by a strap or belt connected to a plate, against
which the top of the spring presses, or connected to the top of the spring,
which belt is wound round a roller at the bottom of the frame or stand in or
to which the spring is fitted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wylie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April 1857.
I, JOHN WYLIE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Pianoforte Tuner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construc-
tion of what is technically known as the "action" of cottage and cabinet or
upright pianofortes, for the purposes of simplifying the parts and rendering the
movement much more effective than has hitherto been the case. Under one
modification of these improvements, the key, which is carried by a central
fulcrum or key pin in the usual way, has a recess mortised in the upper side of
the back lever end of it, this recess being lined with cloth or other suitable
soft material, so as to work softly against the lower end of the vertical "sticker"
or connecting rod. The lower end of the sticker, which is weighted to give
the required counterpoise effect, is loosely inserted pretty deeply into the mor-
tise, this being all the connection between the key lever and the sticker. Tho
upper end of the sticker is bevilled off at a slight horizontal angle, correspond-
ing to a similar bevilled surface upon the lower side of the crank arm working
the hammer. The slope of the bevil on the sticker is towards the strings, and
the outer higher corner is attached by a suitable piece of leather or other
flexible material to the corresponding outer end of the crank arm of the

page_text: hammer. The hammer shank or lever arm stands up from this crank arm,
and it turns upon a fulcrum or; centre carried by the usual hammer rail or
beam. The two bevilled surfaces of the sticker end and crank arm of the
hammer are suitably fitted up with thicknesses of soft material to insure a
silent action. The damper, which can be adjusted as to the amount of its
projection from the sticker, is carried upon a stud on the inner face of the
sticker next the strings, and the result is, that when the key has been struck
and has been relieved from the pressure of the finger, the hammer head strikes
the string sharply and springs back, so that its shank or lever rests upon the
padded face of a supporting bar or rail, whilst at the same time the descent of
the sticker, which has a slight lateral movement towards the strings at its
upper end, brings the damper into contact with the vibrating string, and thus
stops the sound. If the finger continues to press upon the key for sustaining
the note, the hammer lever stands vertically with the striking face just clear
of the wire, being strictly retained in that position by the action of the bevilled
or inclined surfaces of the sticker end and crank lever of the hammer. The
pedals act in the usual way.
IMPROVED RUNNING GEAR FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Murdoch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1857.
I, RICHARD MURDOCH, of the City of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland,
and United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED RUNNING GEAR FOR VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improvement in the running gear of vehicles,
in which the fore wheels are attached to short or half axles. I project forward
& outward from the front side of each of said short axles a lever or bar,
which is firmly attached to the axles. The forward ends of these two levers
are united by a cross bar, which is pivoted to them, and at the middle of its
length is also pivoted to the pole or tongue of the vehicle.
The effect of this arrangement is, that when the vehicle is turned the axles
all converge to the common centre of the circles described by the paths of the
wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OF SHAFTS AND SPINDLES
Year: 1857

page_text: ww
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1857.-A communication from Silvain Péchet, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, Mechanician.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OF SHAFTS AND SPINDLES," a
communication from Silvain Péchet, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Mechanician, to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to a self-acting arrangement of apparatus for lubri-
cating the journals of vertical or inclined shafts and spindles, whereby a better
lubricating effect is obtained, inasmuch as the oil is constantly circulating or
being renewed round the bearing, and as the bulk of the oil is not kept in
motion there is less liability or sediment or grit finding its way to the journals.
The main feature of these improvements which may be modified to a great
extent, consists in the application and use of a double or single tube fixed on
to and surrounding the shaft or spindle to be lubricated, the lower portion of
the tube (which is perforated) rotating in an oil reservoir, and thereby con-
stantly raising the oil up to the bearing by the combined effects of capilliary

page_text: attraction and the screwing motion imparted to it by the rotation of tho
lubricating tubo.
For footstep bearings it is simply requisite to surround the footstep and
lower portion of the spindle or shaft with a tubo perforated laterally at tho
bottom, and contained within an oil reservoir which surrounds the bearing.
A cap may be fitted to the lower end of the shaft or spindle where they
assumo an inclined position for the purpose of proventing the oil from being
carried up the shaft.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SOLID AND HOLLOW BRICK, PIPES, AND OTHER HOLLOW AND SOLID WARE FROM CLAY, SHALE, AND OTHER MINERAL SUB- STANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: I was
given
the time prescrived
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Smith, James
Cadman, and Joseph Cadman, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd March 1857.
We, WILLIAM HENRY SMITH, M.D., of the City of Philadelphia, United
States of America, now of London, JAMES CADMAN, of Maestiq, Glamor-
ganshire, and JOSEPH CADMAN, of Sandersfoot, Pembrokeshire, both the last
named of Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SOLID AND HOLLOW BRICK, PIPES, AND
OTHER HOLLOW AND SOLID WARE FROM CLAY, SHALE, AND OTHER MINERAL SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
Instead of pugging and tempering the clay or other material & pressing it
into shape while moist, it is taken direct from the mine or heap, and such as
admits thereof is cut into blocks of suitable size and dried for use, and these
are sometimes burned and sometimes boiled, and for certain other purposes
they are used in their green state fresh from the mine.
In general, however, it is preferred to pulverize the clay or other material
by suitable machinery, and then without the addition of moisture, press the
dry material into suitable moulds or between moveable plates, using either a
screw press, steam or trip hammer or rammers, or suitable pressing machinery.
For certain purposes, the material fresh from the mine is thrown into a

page_text: strong mould, and stamped or pressed it into a solid or perforated block or
suitable shape.
By the above process, numerous kinds of solid and hollow ware can be
made, such as bricks of common and fire clay, tiles, pipes, pots for refining
glass, & other metals, crucibles, moulds for receiving castings of glass, slag,
metals, &c. as well as entire puddling and other furnaces, which can be cast
entire or in sections, and if desired, on the spot where they are used. In
making certain kinds of ware, dry sand and other suitable material is mixed
with the clay, shale, &c. before compressing it.
For certain purposes, the clay, shale, &c. is boiled previous to pressing it,
which is done while hot. In general, metal moulds are to be used for shaping
the bricks, &c.; those lined with tin are preferred.
For certain purposes large slaps of clay, &c. are pressed, and subsequently
cut by a saw, knife, or press into any desired size, either large or small, solid
or hollow.
A NEW APPLICATION OF A KNOWN MATERIAL FOR SIZING, STIFFENING, AND FINISHING YARNS, FABRICS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRITISH GUM
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ato Temperton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1857.
I, THOMAS ATO TEMPERTON, of the City of Manchester, Corn Factor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW APPLICATION
OF A KNOWN MATERIAL FOR SIZING, STIFFENING, AND FINISHING YARNS, FABRICS,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRITISH GUM," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the application of the flour of beans
or peas, either alone or mixed, or in combination with the flour of Indian corn,
rice, or other grains or materials, to the manufacture of size for sizing, stiffen-
ing, and finishing yarns, fabrics, and other substances, and for the manufacture
of the article of commerce known as British gum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES AND ARCHED STRUCTURES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thomas Helyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
February 1857.
I, HENRY THOMAS HELYER, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, in the County of
Southampton, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES AND ARCHED STRUCTURES,"
to be as follows:-
'The Invention consists in the united application of the principle of an arch
and of the principle of a suspension bridge in one and the same structure for
bridge work and arches.
The Invention is carried out by means of an upper rod passing over the
back of the arch, with an opening for the insertion of suspension rods con-
nected with it, and a vertical rod passing down from the upper rod to the piers,
with a claw at the lower end, as shewn in the plan hereto annexed, and which
plan is part of this Provisional Specification.
The advantage of the Invention consists in the united application of the
suspension and arch principles, so as to form a combination of strength to a
greater amount than can be obtained by the separate application of either of
the above principles.
The advantage of the same also consists in the arch securing its own
abutment, it being so constructed that any weight produces a corresponding.
amount of abutment.

page_text: The advantage also consists in the structure being regulated to any measure
of strength required (within the crushing weight of the materials used), by
the increasing or lessening of the rods, and the addition of one half brick extra
in the depth of the arch for every ten feet in the span.
The Invention secures an equal amount of resisting strength against force 5
from any direction.
The advantage of the Invention also consists in the structure being reducible
to less than the rise of any other arch; and in its being constructed with much
less than the quantity of material required by any other kind of arch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prodromos B. Kyishogloo at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1857.
I, PRODROMOS B. KYISHOGLOO, of Constantinople, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
For the purpose of using compressed air as a motive power in driving any
description of machinery, the apparatus consists of a large cylindrical vessel,
somewhat similar to a steam boiler; into this vessel, by pipes attached to it, the
atmospheric air is compressed by means of any convenient compressing appa-
ratus, until a certain degree of compression or elastic force is obtained, the
compressed air acting upon a wheel fitted with fans, & by the shaft of this
wheel motion is transmitted as a moving force for any required purpose.