IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO BATHS OR BOILERS USED IN DYEING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Graham, Manager of the Dalquburn
Turkey Red Dye Works, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO BATHS OR BOILERS USED
IN DYEING."
Sealed the 9th February 1864, and dated the 12th August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Graham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1863.
I, GEORGE GRAHAM, Manager of the Dalquhurn Turkey Red Dye Works,
in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO BATHS OR BOILERS USED
IN DYEING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention is designed to render the action of baths or boilers used in
dyeing more certain, more easily regulated, and more efficient, the improvements
also reducing the cost of management in large establishments. It has hitherto
been customary for each bath or boiler to be heated by a special furnace
requiring constant attention for the purpose of varying, regulating, or main-
taining the heat in a manner to suit the dyeing process, but in carrying out
the present Invention each bath or boiler is heated by means of a steam jacket
or casing supplied with steam from a separate boiler, and with this arrange-
ment a single furnace and boiler may be made to heat a number of dyeing
baths or boilers the action in each of the latter being easily regulated by means

page_text: of valves on the branch steam pipes supplying the respective steam casings.
In the system of dyeing operations to which the present improvements are
more particularly intended to apply, the goods being dyed are worked through
the dyeing liquid in the bath or boiler either continuously or intermittently,
being made to circulate out and in again by means of rollers suitably arranged
and driven as is well understood. In arranging the heating details to suit this
system the steam jacket is extended up further from the bottom at the side
furthest from where the goods enter the liquid in order that the liquid at that
part may be more intensely heated and in order that the goods may not
experience the greatest intensity of the heat just on entering the liquid. The
same differential action of the heat may also be promoted by placing the inlet
for the steam into the jacket or casing at or near the part of the bath where
the greatest heat is wanted. The steam from the jacket or casing is not
allowed to enter the bath or boiler or mix with the dyeing liquid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Graham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
GRAHAM, Manager of the Dalquhurn Turkey Red Dye Works, in the County
of Dumbarton, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelvth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of IIer
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Graham, Her special license that I, the said George Graham,
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Graham, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO
BATHS OR BOILERS USED IN DYEING," upon the condition (amongst others) that T,
the said George Graham, executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performel, and cause the same

page_text: to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Graham, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention is designed to render the action of baths or boilers used
in dyeing more certain, more easily regulated, and more efficient than
bitherto, the improvements also reducing the cost of management in large
establishments.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood,. I have hereunto appended a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to and representing the
application of my improvements in the case of dyeing baths or boilers used in
turkey red dyeing; whilst any modifications of minor details that may
be required in other kinds of dyeing will be well understood by practical
dyers.
Figure 1 on the Sheet of Drawings is a side elevation of the dyeing bath or
boiler; Figure 2 is an end elevation; Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical
section; and Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section, the building in which
the bath is set being shown in section in all the Figures.
It has hitherto been customary for each bath to be heated by a special
furnace requiring constant attention for the purpose of varying, regulating, or
maintaining the heat in a manner to suit the dyeing process, but in carrying
out my present Invention each bath is heated by means of a steam jacket or
casing supplied with steam from a separate boiler; and with this arrangement
a single furnace and boiler may be made to heat a number of dyeing baths,
the action in each of the latter being easily regulated by means of
valves or stopcocks on the branch steam pipes supplying the respective steam
casings.
The bath represented in the accompanying Drawings is an oblong rectangular
ressel A of sheet iron, set in brickwork B, and it has applied to its bottom and
portions of its sides an outer shell or casing C forming a jacket space for the
reception of steam.
In the system of dyeing operations to which my present improvements are
more particularly intended to apply, the goods D under treatment are worked
through the dyeing liquid in the bath either continuously or with intervals,
being made to circulate out and in again by means of a reel or roller E

page_text: mounted in bearings above the bath and driven in any convenient way, as is
well understood. A.kind of compartment F is formed in the bath by means
of boards G, HI, the lower one being inclined and leaving a narrow passage at
the bottom. The goods D entering this compartment F become more or less
accumulated in it and are gradually withdrawn from the bottom of it by the
action of the reel E and pass more quickly through the other compartment I.
The beating details are arranged to suit this system, the steam jacket C being
extended up further from the bottom at the side J, where the goods leave the
liquid, than at the side K, where they enter it, in order that the liquid in the
compartment I may be more intensely heated, and in order that the goods
may not experience the greatest intensity of the heat just on entering tho
liquid and whilst passing more slowly through the first compartment F. The
same differential action of the heat is also promoted by placing the pipo L, for
the entrance of the steam into the jacket or casing C, at the side of the bath
at which the greatest heat is wanted. The steam from the jacket or casing C
is not allowed to enter the bath or to mix with the dyeing liquid.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, and that I do not
claim to bave invented the general application of steam jackets for heating
purposes, but that what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as
the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent, is, the arranging or constructing of the heating details of baths or
boilers used in dyeing substantially as herein-beforo described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Graham, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
28, St. Enoch Square,
Glasgow.
GEORGE GRAHAM. (L.S.)