Improvements in Attaching Calks to the Shoes of Horses or other Animals, or Hobnails to Boots and Shoes.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by GEORGES DE ROUSSY DE SALES, of Sainte
Ménehould (Marne), France, Lieutenant in the 7th Regiment of Cuirassiers.]
Improvements in Attaching Calks to the Shoes of Horses or other
Animals, or Hobnails to Boots and Shoes.
1, ERNEST DE PASS, of 78 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of
the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
The improved means of attaching calks to the shoes of horses or other animals,
or hobnails to boots and shoes, forming the subject of the present invention, may
be employed in connection with calks, or hobnails, having heads of any shape.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention as applied to a calk having
wings, and is shewn only by way of example to enable the invention to be readily
understood.
For the sake of clearness the calk, or hobnail, is represented about three times
its natural size.
The invention consists essentially in the interposition of a steel or other hard
metal wire, between the inner walls of the holes in the shoe and the body of the
calk, so that after being secured therein it is firmly retained in position, but may be
readily and quickly removed therefrom when necessary.
The head 1 of the calk which should alone project from the lower face of the
shoe, may be of any desired shape. It is surmounted by a truncated conical part 2
in which is cut a groove of rectangular section, the bottom of which also constitutes
the frustum of a cone 3.
Within the groove, is wound a spiral 4 (Figs. 1 and 2) of steel or other metal
wire. The hole in the shoe, in which the calk is to be secured, is of either
cylindrical or truncated conical shape, and the steel wire spiral or coil is inserted
therein with slight force.
Or instead of the spiral, a simple steel split ring 4 (Figs. 3 and 4) may be used,
and be located within a groove cut for its reception in the shank of the calk.
When it is desired to fix the calks in the holes in the shoe, they are forced in by
striking them on the head. As they enter, their truncated conical body is wedged
firmly against the iron walls of the holes, and the wire spiral, or ring, which
becomes embedded in the shoe, forms practically a screw thread, or is compressed
to form a filling or packing, according to the nature of the metals employed. The
screw threads or packings thus retain the calks in position in the holes and enable
them to resist transverse shocks.
When it is desired to remove the calks from the shoe, it is only necessary to
unscrew them, whether they be retained in either of the ways above mentioned.
The dimensions of the calks may be varied according to the different breeds of
horses, or other animals, to which they are to be applied, and to the kind of work
the animals are to perform.
The forms, size, and material of these automatic wedging calks may likewise be
varied, the iron being replaced by cast iron, malleable iron, or other appropriate
material.
The means of attachment herein described with reference to horse shoes may
equally well be applied to boots and shoes for personal wear.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the invention
and in what manner the same may be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The means of attachment of calks, or hobnails, to the shoes of horses or other
animals, or to boots and shoes, consisting in the interposition of a metallic wire, or
split ring, between the calks and the walls of the holes in the horse or other shoe,
substantially as herein described.
Dated this and d...
1309