Improvements relating to the Driving of Centrifugal Machines and Means therefor.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 29th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1900
¡Improvements relating to the Driving of Centrifugal Machines and
Means therefor.
I, ANDREAS FREITAG, of 57, Spaarndamerstraat, Amsterdam I, in the Kingdom
of Holland, Factory Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows;
-
Centrifugal machines or apparatus as hitherto constructed are mostly driven
by means of belts.
However during the last few years electricity has been introduced for working
centrifugal machines and recently water turbines have been employed as a driving
means for the same. From a comparison it is evident that the two last mentioned
means possess the advantage of enabling centrifugal machines to be mounted
side by side or in front of one another, and of saving the space otherwise required
for the necessary length for beltings. This latter considerataion is often the
reason why for new installation the driving means are chosen to be either
electricity or a water turbine.
With existing centrifugal machines the cost is too great for adapting the above
means for driving especially as the costs are quite out of proportion with the
resulting advantages, and for economical reasons these really useful driving means
cannot be adopted.
Now the object of this invention is to obtain the advantages of the above
systems with a greatly simplified and less costly arrangement.
This is effected by using as a driving medium the liquid ejected by the centri-
fugal muchine itself or taken from other centrifugal machines and collected and
forced by a pump into a tank under pressure from which it is delivered through
a number of nozzles to act on scoops connected to the centrifugal drum or
basket.
The drum or basket serving to receive the liquid substances (such as syrup,
tar, concentrated salt solutions and the like) is provided on its external surface
or at the bottom with a ring carrying a number of scoops, while nozzles tangen-
tially arranged to the drum, are placed on the outer casing of the centrifugal
machine. I prefer to arrange four nozzles at equal distances apart so that each
pair is situated diametrically opposite one another.
The liquid for actuating the centrifugal machine is that ejected for example
from the centrifugal machine itself and which is pumped by a force pump into
a vessel under pressure such as an air vessel, or an accumulator from which it is
delivered with a suitable velocity through the nozzles to act upon the aforesaid
scoop. In most cases a pressure of 10 atm. in the air-vessel or in the accumulator
is deemed sufficient.
The liquid (syrup, tar, or salt solution) ejected from the rotating drum is
thrown against the outer casing and then runs down where it mixes with the
driving liquids and flows together with the actuating liquid into the collecting
channel and thence into a trough from which it is eventually drawn off by the
force pump as required for driving the centrifugal apparatus.

page_text: On account of the high specific (weight) density of the actuating liquid the
required (normal) speed for the drum a is attained sooner than with electricity
or beltings as driving means, and at the same time the working efficiency is
increased.
In a modification of my invention a steam pipe surrounding the rotary drum,
is arranged for use in heating the liquid and so keep it liquefied notwithstanding
its high specific weight. The circular steam pipe is perforated on its outer side
and connected to a vertical pipe having a stop cock.
After the drum has been started and the required speed attained the actuating
liquid is shut off from all the nozzles but one by closing the corresponding cocks
and the working then continued with a single nozzle. Having afterwards com-
pleted the work the last nozzle is closed and the brake is then applied as usual
and finally the contents of the drum are discharged and so on.
Suitable testing cocks and brake arrangements are provided.
By this improved arrangement the advantages obtained by the working of the 1
centrifugal apparatus by means of electricity, or through the intervention of a
water-turbine are fully secured by employing cheaper means. Instead of having
the scoop-ring connected near the lower end, the same may be arranged, on the
underside at the bottom of the drum, or when desired, the same may be attached
at any convenient part of the upper portion of the drum. Evidently in such
case the nozzles also require setting to suit the particular arrangement, but the
nature of the invention remains the same in all cases.
T
1E11 1
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements relating to the Driving of Centrifugal Machines and
Means therefor:
I, ANDREAS FREITAG, of 57, Spaarndamerstraat, Amsterdam 1, in the Kingdom
of Holland, Factory Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
Centrifugal machines or apparatus as hitherto constructed are generally driven
from a suitable motor by means of belts and pulleys.
During the last few years however electricity has been introduced for operating
centrifugal machines, and recently water turbines have been employed as a means
for driving the same. From a comparison of the means employed for driving
these machines it is evident that electricity and water power possess the advan-
tage of permitting centrifugal machines to be mounted side by side or one in
front of another, and of saving the space otherwise required for the necessary
length for belting. Owing to this latter consideration either electricity or water
power is often adopted as a means for driving new installations.
The cost of adapting the above described means to the driving of existing
centrifugal machines is out of proportion to the resulting advantages, so that
for economical reasons, such means cannot be utilized.
Now the object of this invention is to obtain the advantages of the above
described means of driving with a much simpler and less costly arrangement.
This is effected by using as a driving medium the liquid ejected by the centri-
fugal machine itself, or the liquid taken from other centrifugal machines and
collected and forced by a pump into a tank under pressure, from which it is

page_text: delivered through a number of nozzles to act on buckets or scoops connected to
the centrifugal drum.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown a suitable arrangement for carry-
ing my invention into effect in which :-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the improved apparatus.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the injecting nozzles of the improved
arrangement.
-
Figure 3 is a vertical section of a slightly modified arrangement in which
means are provided for heating the liquid and
Figure 4 is a horizontal section of the same.
The drum or receptacle a serving to receive the liquid substances such as syrup,
tar, concentrated salt solutions and the like is provided on its external surface,
or at the bottom, with a ring carrying a number of scoops or buckets 6, while
nozzles e, arranged tangentially to the drum a, are placed on the outer casing d
of the centrifugal machine I prefer to arrange four nozzles c, c and g g at equal
distances apart, so that each pair is situated diametrically opposite each other.
The liquid for actuating the centrifugal machine is that ejected for example
from the centrifugal machine itself and which is pumped by a force pump into
a vessel under pressure, such as an air vessel, or an accumulator from which it
is delivered with a suitable velocity through the nozzles e and g to act upon the
aforesaid scoops or buckets b. In most cases a pressure of 10 atmospheres in
the air-vessel or in the accumulator is deemed sufficient.
The liquid such as syrup, tar, or salt solution ejected from the rotating drum
is thrown against the outer casing & and then runs down where it mixes with
the driving liquids and flows, together with the latter into the collecting channel e
and thence into a trough from which it is eventually drawn off by the force
pump as required for driving the centrifugal machine.
On account of the high specific gravity of the actuating liquid the required
speed for the drum is sooner attained than when electricity or belting is
employed as the means for driving, and at the same time the working efficiency
is increased.
In a modification of my invention shown in Figures 3 and 4 a steam pipe f,
surrounding the rotary drum, is arranged for use in heating the liquid so as to
keep it in a liquid state notwithstanding its high specific gravity.
The circular steam pipe f is perforated on its outer side and connected to a
vertical pipe having a stop cock i. A suitable testing cock and brake
arrangement & are provided.
After the drum has been started, and the required speed attained, the actu-
ating liquid is shut off from all the nozzles but one by closing the corresponding
cocks and the working then continued with a single nozzle. After having
completed the work, the last nozzle is closed and the brake is then applied as
usual and finally the contents of the drum are discharged and so on.
By this improved arrangement the advantages obtained by the working of the
centrifugal machine by means of electricity, or by the use of a water-turbine are
fully secured by employing less costly means.
Instead of having the scoop or bucket ring connected near the lower end as
shewn in the drawings, the same may be arranged on the underside at the bottom
of the drum or when desired, the said scoop or bucket ring may be attached to
any convenient part of the upper portion of the drum. Obviously in such case
the nozzles and g will have to be arranged to suit the particular arrangement
of the scoops or buckets, but the nature of the invention will not be thereby
affected.
C
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1
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1
1

page_text: ejected from the centrifugal machine or from other centrifugal machines, into a
tank under pressure and then conducting the said liquid through nozzles so as
to impinge against a series of scoops or buckets connected to the centrifugal
machine.
2. An arrangement for driving centrifugal machines by the method claimed in
Claim 1, characterized by a scoop or bucket ring b attached to the rotary drum a
and by tangentially arranged nozzles cg for delivering the actuating liquid
forced under pressure, by a force-pump for example, which afterwards mixes
with the newly ejected liquid, from the rotary drum.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.