AN IMPROVED LINING TO BE USED IN FURNACES FOR DEPHOSPHORIZING IRON
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Clay Bull, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED LINING TO BE USED IN
FURNACES FOR DEPHOSPHORIZING IRON."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Clay Bull at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1880.
HENRY CLAY BULL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
LINING TO BE USED IN FURNACES FOR DEPHOSPHORIZING IRON."
My Invention relates to improved means for the dephosphorization of crude or
pig iron, to prepare the same for being subsequently manufactured into malleable
iron or steel, and it consists in providing a cupola furnace with a lining of
plumbago in the form of bricks, or otherwise, for the purpose of melting the crude
iron in contact with oxide of iron, such as hematite ore or "blue billey."
In practising the said Invention I line the crucible portion, or melting chamber,
of a cupola furnace with plumbago, and the crude iron is melted in this furnace in
contact with oxide of iron, so that a highly basic slag will be maintained over the
molten metal on the hearth. The molten metal from above, on its way to the
hearth, must pass through this slag, and the phosphorus in the iron is thus oxidized
by the oxide of iron contained in the said slag and is retained in the latter, so that
the molten metal arrives at the hearth perfectly, or nearly, devoid of phosphorus,
"Siemens" or
and may then be run into an ordinary puddling furnace, or into a
other furnace suitable for the manufacture of malleable iron or steel.
phosphorus retained by the highly basic slag is removed with the latter when the
same is drawn from the furnace.
The
By means of my Invention the crude iron is dephosphorized in a very convenient
and economical manner, a considerable saving of fuel being effected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Henry Clay Bull in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st April 1881.
HENRY CLAY BULL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
LINING TO BE USED IN FURNACES FOR DEPHOSPHORIZING IRON."
'AN IMPROVED
My Invention relates to improved means for the dephosphorization of crude or
pig iron, to prepare the same for being subsequently manufactured into malleable
iron or steel, and it consists in providing a cupola furnace with a lining of
plumbago, in the form of bricks, or otherwise, for the purpose of melting the crude
iron in contact with oxide of iron, such as hematite or "blue billey."
In practising the said Invention I line the crucible portion, or melting chamber,
of a cupola furnace with plumbago, and the crude iron is melted in this furnace in
contact with oxide of iron, so that a highly basic slag will be maintained over
the molten metal on the hearth. The molten metal from above, on its way to the
hearth, must pass through this slag, and the phosphorus in the iron is thus oxidized
by the oxide of iron contained in the said slag, and is retained in the latter, so that
the molten metal arrives at the hearth perfectly, or nearly, devoid of phosphorus,
and may then be run into an ordinary puddling furnace, or into a "Siemens" or
other furnace suitable for the manufacture of malleable iron or steel. The
phosphorus retained by the highly basic slag is removed with the latter when the
same is drawn from the furnace.
By means of my Invention the crude iron is dephosphorized in a very convenient
and economical manner, a considerable saving of fuel being effected.
What I claim as my Invention is,—
First. Dephospliorizing crude or pig iron (to prepare the same for being
subsequently manufactured into malleable iron or steel) by using a cupola furnace
with a lining of plumbago for the purpose of melting the crude iron in contact
with oxide of iron, such as hematite ore or "blue billey," as herein described.
Second. The improved lining to be used in furnaces for dephosphorizing iron, as
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Clay Bull, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
HENRY CLAY BULL. (L.S.)