Improvements in Certain "Objects" Used in Teaching Elementary "Model" Drawing.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 17th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 17th May, 1897-Accepted, 19th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL
CIFT ATION.
Improvements in Certain "Objects" Used in Teaching Elementary
"Model" Drawing.
I, RICHARD LISHMAN, of 43, Aireville Mount, Frizinghall, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Schoolmaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in "cylinders" and "cones" and similarly
shaped "objects" cominonly used when teaching and learning elementary "model
drawing, and its primary object is to clearly show the student the position of the
axis of the "object" in relation to its base as well as when the circular ends are
viewed at an angle more clearly show the length of their minor axes in relation to
the length of their major axes.
For this purpose I make "cylinders" and "cones" of any sufficiently strong
and transparent material, such as zylonite or celluloid, and I fix a wire or other
opaque or externally visible axis within each of them. The ends and base are
preferably surrounded by a wire or by another externally visible peripherical line.
By this means the elementary principles governing the relative proportions,
form, and position of the several lines required to truly depict the "object" by a
drawing are more clearly shown.
Dated this 16th day of July 1896.
DRACUP & NOWELL,
Bradford, Patent Agents.
Improvements in Certain "Objects" Used in Teaching Elementary
"Model" Drawing.
I, RICHARD LISHMAN, of 43, Aireville Mount, Frizinghall, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Schoolmaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in "cylinders" and "cones" and similarly
shaped "objects" commonly used when teaching and learning elementary "model"
drawing, and its primary object is to clearly show the student the position of the
axis of the "object" in relation to its base as well as when the circular ends are
viewed at an angle more clearly show the length of their minor axis in relation to
the length of their major axis.
For this purpose I make "cylinders" and "cones" of any sufficiently strong
and transparent material such as zylonite or celluloid, and I fix a wire or
other opaque or externally visible axis within each of them. The ends and
base are preferably surrounded by a wire or other externally visible peripherical line.
By this means the elementary principles governing the relative proportions,
قيم

page_text: form, and position of the several lines required to truly depict the "object" by a
drawing are more clearly shown.
To fully describe my invention reference is made to the accompanying sheet of
drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts in each of the figures.
Figure 1, represents an elevation; Figure 2, a plan view; Figure 3, a
diametrical section and Figure 4, a cross section of a cylinder made in accordance
with my improvements.
Figure 5, represents an elevation; Figure 6, a plan view and Figure 7, a vertical
section of a cone made in accordance with my improvements.
Figures 8 and 9 are views of detail hereinafter referred to.
The sides and ends of the cylinder A and the sides and base of the cone B are
made of sheet celluloid. The meeting edges of the sheets forming the sides of the
sheets are connected by a "lap" joint made with cement or in any other convenient
way. A wire ring C is fitted inside each end of-the cylinder and inside the base of
the cone and these rings can be secured in position by pieces of binding wire D
connecting them to the celluloid at intervals. The ends E of the cylinder and the
base F of the cone are formed of discs of celluloid cemented in position. Axial
wires G are also fixed in both the cylinder and cone. In the cylinder the ends of
these wires pass through the ends of the cylinder and are secured by the nuts H as
shown on a larger scale Figure 9. This connects the ends of the cylinder
together as well as forms a visible axis. The axial wire is connected to the
base of the cone in a similar way and the upper end is soldered into the cap J
forming the apex of the cone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is:
The improvements in "model" cylinders and cones, substantially as herein shown
and described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated thie 14th day of May 1807
DRACUP & NOWELL,
Bradford, Patent Agents.