matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC WEBS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Booth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1881.
HENRY BOOTH, of Attleborough, in the County of Warwick, Elastic Web
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC WEBS
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
"
This Invention applies more particularly to that description of elastic web
known as terry web, and its object is to prevent the rubber from slipping in the
fabric.
In woven elastic goods of which rubber forms a part, the threads of rubber are so
woven into the fabric that they are in a state of tension, so that unless in the
process of weaving they are firmly bound into their places in the fabric, they are
liable, when the latter is cup up and in use, as for instance, in the gussets of boots,
to slip and run up, whereby the fabric loses its elasticity; this is in fact a frequent
cause of complaint where elastic goods are used.
I find that the Invention I am about to describe, in great measure, if not entirely
prevents this tendency of the rubber to slip and run up.
In addition to the shafts usually employed in looms for weaving terry webs,
I employ an extra shaft, the rise and fall of which corresponds with the rise and
fall of the rubber shaft to which it may if desired be firmly attached.
I
pass
the threads of an extra cotton warp through the harness of this extra
shaft in such a way that the different warp threads are arranged in the reed in the
following order :-
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING JOINTS IN LEADEN AND OTHER SOFT METAL PIPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Church at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1881.
DAVID CHURCH, of Gravel Lane, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Brass
and Iron Founder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING JOINTS IN LEADEN AND OTHER
SOFT METAL PIPES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in forming joints in leaden and
other soft metal pipes.
In order to connect two lengths of soft metal pipe I proceed as follows:-I take
a short length of iron or other hard metal tube of a size to enter within the soft
metal pipe, and I force the two ends to be connected over or on to it, so that they
meet each other midway or thereabout along the short length of hard metal tube.
I then enclose the ends within a metal box or mould of suitable form, and I pour
in melted metal similar to that of which the pipes are composed. This metal being
bot partly melts the pipes, and the metals completely unite. The portion of hard
metal tube previously inserted into the interior of the pipes prevents the entrance
of the melted metal. As soon as the metal is set, the box or mould is opened and
removed, leaving the joint complete.
The hard metal tube which I employ is quite thin, and does not appreciably
obstruct the passage through the pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phinehas Westfield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1881.
PHINEHAS WESTFIELD, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE."
In producing blocks of ice by artificial refrigeration it is desirable to obtain
purity and transparency by getting rid of the minute air bubbles that are generally
liberated during congelation. It has been proposed for this purpose to agitate the
water during congelation by stirrers, or by causing the water to move to and fro
from one freezing vessel to another, or by rocking the vessels in which the water
is being congealed; but these methods have involved complexities of apparatus and
difficulties of management which it is the object of my Invention to avoid, as I
will now describe. I provide freezing vessels or moulds which may be deep
rectangular tanks, preferably somewhat tapered so as to permit free removal of
the ice blocks from them. In each of these moulds about the middle of its length
I fit in vertical grooves a partition which has perforations through it, these
perforations being preferably in the form of slits narrow in one of their dimensions.
I mount each mould by a pair of trunnions in bearings so that it can be made to
rock on a horizontal axis, and immerse it in a tank of cold circulating brine or
other liquid vehicle of cold. While the water is undergoing congelation I cause
the mould to rock on its trunuions, thus making the water to flow from one
compartment of it to the other through the holes or slits of the partition, so that
the air is liberated from the water which is converted into pure transparent ice.
When the congelation is complete I raise the mould out of the tank, invert it, and
thus discharge from it the ice block with the partition, which on breaking the
block into two can be removed. There may be several partitions in each mould.
and a number of moulds may be mounted side by side and rocked simultaneously
in one brine tank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDUITS OR RECIPIENTS FOR TELEGRAPHIC OR TELEPHONIC CONDUCTORS LAID IN STREETS OR ROADWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Leon Alexandre Brasseur and Octave Dejaer, both of
Brussels, Belgium.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDUITS OR RECIPIENTS FOR
TELEGRAPHIC OR TELEPHONIC CONDUCTORS LAID IN STREETS OR ROADWAYS."
[A communication from abroad by Leon Alexandre Brasseur and Octave Dejaer,
both of Brussels, Belgium.]
This Invention relates to an improved construction of conduits or recipients for
telegraphic or telephonic conductors that are laid in streets or roadways whereby
such conductors are rendered readily accessible at all times along their entire
length for inspection or repairs.
For this purpose the conduit or recipient is made of trough shape, open at top
along its entire length, and is provided with a flanged cover fitting over it, the
cover being either separato or hinged to the trough on one side. The trough is
placed at such a depth that its cover is just level with and forms part of the
roadway, and if employed in roads paved with granite blocks the trough with its
cover may be conveniently made of about the same depth as the paving stones.
The troughs rest at intervals upon wood or other bearers upon which they are
by preference fixed by means of screws passing through holes in their bottoms.
Theso screws may have upward extensions with screwed ends, and the cover be
provided with countersunk holes over such screw so that it may be secured by
inserting a nut with counter sunk rim through such hole and screwing it on to the
end of the screw.
For leading the separate wires from the conduit into the houses, pipes leading
thereto are screwed into holes formed at the required places in the bottom of the
trough, or the ends of cables may be fixed in such holes and the wire or wires in
the trough connected to the wires of the cables.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rogers Oldham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1881.
JOSEPH ROGERS OLDHAM, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Consulting
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
My Invention consists of a peculiar form and arrangement of combustion
chambers or fire boxes, and a peculiar arrangement of tubes in connection with such
combustion chambers or fire boxes, the combination forming a novel construction of
steam boiler. For example, in constructing a marine steam boiler according to my
Invention, I dispense with the usual centre furnace in a three furnace boiler, or the
two middle furnaces in a four furnace boiler, and I construct two combustion.
chambers, one above the other, at the back of the furnaces. The lower combustion
chamber is connected to the furnaces at the top, and at the bottom and centre
opens into a series or nest of tubes which are positioned in the centre and bottom
of the boiler, being that portion of the boiler previously occupied by the centre
furnace or furnaces. At the front of the boiler I form a front fire box which
connects the nest of tubes just spoken of with another nest or nests of tubes
located in the ordinary position over the furnaces. This second tier or nest of
tubes lead and open into the lower portion of the second or upper back combustion
chamber. The upper portion of this combustion chamber opens into a third tier
or nest of tubes, which finally open into the uptake and smoke box.
The essential object of my Invention is the construction of a boiler in which the
products and gases of combustion and flames are led downwards and through
return tubes at the bottom and centre of the boiler, so as to heat the water at the
coldest and lowest part. The flame is brought down the combustion chamber
through the bottom tubes, then through the front fire box or uptake, and then
back through the second tier of tubes to the upper back combustion chamber, and
through the upper tier of tubes to the smoke box and chimney; thus the water in
the boiler is heated more uniformly throughout than in the ordinary arrangement
of multitubar boiler, and unequal expansion and contraction through bad
circulation is to a very great extent obviated.
In some cases the upper tier of tubes and top of boiler may be carried forward
and overhang in front, and thus provide for more steam space and longer upper
tubes.

page_text: The principle of construction, according to my Invention, can be applied to
existing boilers by removing the lower or central furnace or furnaces from the
boiler by dividing the combustion chamber by a horizontal diaphragm, and
continuing the combustion chamber to the bottom of the boiler and opening it out
into a lower nest of tubes located in the position previously occupied by the central
furnace or furnaces, and providing a front fire box and upper tube arrangement as
previously set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF AERATED WATERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Astley Paston Price at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1881.
ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF AERATED WATERS."
This Invention relates to the production of aerated waters, and consists in the
use and employment of the carbonic acid gas together with the other gaseous and
volatile products generated in and produced during what is known as the vinous or
alcoholic fermentation which occurs in the manufacture of beer and of spirits.
In carrying out this Invention the gaseous and volatile products before mentioned
are collected and employed either alone or in conjunction with carbonic acid
obtained from other sources for the impregnation of water or of other aqueous
solutions, so as to produce an aerated beverage, the same being produced either
in a manner similar to that by which gaseous impregnation of water is now effected
or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL AND OTHER GLASS OR GLASS WARE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Davis McDermott Farrall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1881.
THEOPHILUS DAVIS MCDERMOTT FARRALL, of Bermondsey, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL AND OTHER
GLASS OR GLASS WARE."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of glass for decorative,
ornamental, or other purposes, whereby special effects are produced. It consists in
the application to such glass and combination therewith of metals in various states
combined with alkalies, enamels, calcareous, or other substances, the whole being
welded or secured together by the application of heat.
In order to effect this I triturate or otherwise reduce to the requisite sizes or
degree of fineness the pieces of metal it is intended to employ, such as, for example,
copper, iron, zine, or antimony. The metals may be used in their crude, reguline,
or other suitable state. These metals are then mixed with alkalies, enamels,
calcareous substances, inflammable oils or fats, such as paraffin, for example, or
other substances, according to circumstances and the effects to be produced. These
triturated or otherwise reduced substances are then placed in moulds prepared for
the purpose, and the glass applied thereto, while the said glass is in a state of
semifusion, and the whole is then submitted to a strong heat so as to complete the
attachment of the metallic or other substances to the glass. A thin coat of glass is
or may be then superposed, so as to enclose the metallic and other substances
between the two thicknesses of glass. The articles are then moulded or blown into
the form required, and submitted to the ordinary annealing process, after which
they are in some cases ready for use without further manipulation, and in other
cases are polished or otherwise finished.
Glass prepared in this manner is applicable to a great variety of purposes, such
as, for example, vases, drinking glasses, bottles, wall decorations, ornamental window
glass, and in fact to all purposes to which ornamental glass can be applied, and in
which the peculiar effects produced by the above mentioned means are applicable
or suitable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Atkinson and
Thomas Atkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
11th April 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY ATKINSON and THOMAS ATKINSON, of Halifax, in the County
of York, Coopers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."
This Invention relates to revolving churns, whether horizontal or vertical, and
our improvements consist in placing within the churn fixed dashers and a
revolving beater, and in causing the beater of such churns to revolve either in
the same direction as the churn itself, but at a quicker speed, or in a different
direction.
For this purpose the revolving beater is fixed to a spindle, upon the end of
which is a pinion gearing with another pinion mounted on one end of a stud or
short shaft carried by a bracket fixed to the framework of the churn. This stud
carries another pinion which gears with a toothed wheel fixed to the end of the
churn. The beater spindle passes through the end of the churn and the pinion
thereon, and the result of the arrangement is that by the use of different sized
pinions the beater can be caused to travel in the same direction as the churn,
but at a quicker speed. By the use of another arrangement of toothed wheels the
dasher can be caused to move in an opposite direction to the churn.
The dasher spindle can be drawn out and the dasher removed when required, so
that the butter can be removed and the churn cleaned.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPLIANCES FOR SECURING CASEMENTS AND DOORS WHEN PARTIALLY OR ENTIRELY CLOSED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Parsons at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
HENRY PARSONS, of Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, in the County of Surrey,
Architect. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPLIANCES FOR SECURING CASEMENTS AND
DOORS WHEN PARTIALLY OR ENTIRELY CLOSED."
An application for securing casements and doors when entirely or partly closed,
constituting at once a stay bar and fastener inaccessible from outside. It consists of
a strong metal butt hinge, to one leaf of which (called the fixed leaf) is attached
a case to be inserted into the jamb or mullion, the external face of such case
beyond the hinge to be shaped to the contour of any molding or mouldings
forming part of such jamb or mullion, or it may be square or bevelled. A vertical
slot is cut in this leaf through which a quadrant; of steel or other metal securely
attached to the other leaf of the hinge is made to traverse on one side of this slot ;
inside the case is fixed a block, one surface of which is curved to the same sweep
or radius as the inside of the quadrant; on the other side of the slot at suitable
distance is secured a metal fork, the jaws of which are rebated on the inner side.
A circular metal button or disc curved on one side to the same sweep or radius as the
outside of the quadrant and grooved on the reverse side to fit the fork then slides in
between the jaws of the fork towards the back of the fixed leaf and is secured by
pins; a square spindle is fitted into the reverse side of the dise, in such a manner
that when the disc is rotated by the action of the spindle, its movement is eccentric
and impinges closely against the outer side of the quadrant, jamming it tight
against the block. These surfaces may be checkered or serrated, or the face of the
block or disc, one or both, may be covered with rubber to give a secure grip of the
quadrant. The spindle is of the proper length to pass through the window fittings,
and to the end is attached a knob or lever handle by which it is set in motion.
Where the casement is intended to open inwards I reverse the spindle and pass
through the quadrant, which in that case is divided longitudinally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kenyon and William Ainsworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1881.
JAMES KENYON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, and
WILLIAM AINSWORTH, of Brae Side, Revidge, Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Printer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER CUTTING MACHINES."
Our Invention consists in improvements in actuating automatically the clamp of
paper cutting machines. To the upper part of the clamp we attach an adjustable
slide block which is fitted in a slide in the cross bar at the top of the machine.
At the front of the slide block are fitted two studs and bowls (or their equivalents),
one above the other. To the knife frame we attach an adjustable bar, which
works between the studs on the slide block; this bar is cranked near the middle,
so that when the knife frame is lowered the cranked portion of the bar acting on
the lower stud exerts great pressure on the clamp, which is brought down on to
the paper in the machine before the cut is commenced. While the paper is being
cut the portion of the bar above the cranked part passes over the stud and
maintains the pressure. When the knife frame is raised the clamp holds the paper
until the knife is raised above the paper, then the clamp is lifted by the knife
frame which bears against the lower part of the slide block, thus bringing the
clamp into position ready for another cut. The studs and bowls and slide block
may be fitted on the knife frame, and the adjustable bar attached to the clamp to
effect the same object. On wide machines more than one bar may be used with
corresponding studs and slide blocks.
IMPROVED FORM OF VELOCipede
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Morgan Edwardes Jones at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1881.
GEORGE MORGAN EDWARDES JONES, of Pembroke College, Cambridge.
IMPROVED FORM OF VELOCipede."
"AN
Two equal wheels of diameter between six and eight feet are connected by an
axle, shaped as in Fig. 1. The driver sits below the axle on a seat which rests on
friction wheel bearings at 1, 1. The seat is kept in position by the weight of a
small portmanteau fastened in front (3, Fig. 2), or by a small wheel resting on the
ground behind. The portmanteau is about two feet long by 8 inches deep, and
can be hung nearer to or farther from the driver, according as the luggage
contained is heavier or lighter. It is kept off the ground by a small wheel (4, Fig. 2)
which however does not usually touch the ground.
The driver works with his hands directly on the axle with the handles (3, 3,
Fig. 1), or with his feet by the connections (2, 2, Fig. 2) onto the axle (2, 2, Fig. 1),
or with both hands and feet together.
The turning may be accomplished as follows-For a slight turn to the left it
will be sufficient to lean to the left; for a sudden turn, there is a vertical rod at
each side working in a groove fixed to the seat, and at the bottom of each rod is a
small wheel which is close to the bottom of the big wheel, and is kept just off the
ground by a spring. In turning to the left the driver throws more or less of his
weight onto the left hand rod by pressing it down.
To put on a brake he presses equally on both rods.
In front of the driver a desk may be fixed, when required, to hold a book or
plate.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING BOXES ON ARMS OF CARRIAGE AXLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Everard Henry Colclough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1881.
JOHN EVERARD HENRY COLCLOUGH, of Dublin, Ireland. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF FASTENING BOXES ON ARMS OF CARRIAGE AXLES."
The object of my Invention is to produce a method of fastening boxes on axle
arms in a simple and secure manner, whereby said boxes can be retained in any
required position, and lateral oscillation prevented, consequent upon the usual wear
of collet and washer.
To this end I propose to combine the collet and nut, and to provide suitable
lateral grooves in thread of same, and also in thread at end of axle arm.
The combined collet nut on being screwed to any required position to keep the
box tight on the axle arm, can be retained perfectly fast by means of a lateral key
or pin inserted between said grooves.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING " RADIATION OF HEAT FROM STEAM BOILERS AND PIPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Napier and John Paterson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1881.
CHARLES NAPIER and JOHN PATERSON both of the City and County of
Aberdeen North-Britain. IMPROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING
"
RADIATION OF HEAT FROM STEAM BOILERS AND PIPES."
This Invention relates to certain improved means and appliances for preventing
the radiation of heat from steam boilers and steam pipes for the purpose of
economising fuel, and whereby the pressure of steam in the boilers or in the pipes
may be maintained for very considerable intervals of time when the steam is not
being used without the necessity of firing or attending to the furnaces.
The Invention consists essentially in forming over the boiler, or surrounding it
with a close hot air space or chamber to retain air heated by radiation from the
boiler, and from hot flues connected with the furnace, or with hot flues therefrom.
These new or improved chambers would be built of brick or stone or other suitable
material or formed of wood lagging or plates or any of the ordinary boiler
compositions which are at present applied direct to the surface of the boilers. In
the case of steam pipes a similar covering is fitted round the pipe supported on it
at intervals with a hot air space between the pipe and outer covering.
In carrying out the Invention as applied to Cornish or Lancashire boilers or
other boilers which are placed to lie horizontally and supported on a built brick-
work or masonry, the hot air chamber is built in the form of an arch, or with side
walls of brickwork or other rigid material covered over and having openings for
inspection. The hot-air chamber so constructed inay be formed with metal plates
as a cover on which may be dried the materials that may be used in the works
where the boilers are fitted, as for example for drying bones in manure works and
the like. In such cases a hot flue or flues carrying off part of the products of
combustion from the furnace may be led through the hot air chamber to communicate
greater heat to the chamber and to the material over the hot-air chamber.
In general however, and more especially when the improvements are applied to
vertical and marine boilers, the hot air space is formed all round and over the
shell of the boiler, between it and an outer shell or wall of brickwork, or of sheets,
boards, or plates, or a thickness of lagging or any inexpensive non-conducting
substance, the hot air space or chamber being made quite close all round and being
jointed to the shell of the boiler round the fire-doors, manhole doors, chimney and
other openings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING ANCHORS TO ENABLE DISABLED STEAMERS AND OTHER VESSELS TO RIDE OUT HEAVY GALES AND FOR OTHER LIKE USES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Munton Bullivant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1881.
WILLIAM MUNTON BULLIVANT of 72 Mark Lane in the City of London.-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING ANCHORS TO ENABLE DISABLED STEAMERS AND
OTHER VESSELS TO RIDE OUT HEAVY GALES AND FOR OTHER LIKE USES."
.
This Invention has for its object improvements in floating anchors to enable
disabled steamers and other vessels to ride out heavy gales and for other like
uses.
The apparatus which I have designed for this purpose is an improvement on that
referred to in a Provisional Specification which I filed on the 20th day of January
in the year 1875 No. 223.
The apparatus of my original design has not come into use owing to defects
which it is the object of my present Invention to overcome.
Amongst other improvements in place of employing a single bag of large diameter
and collapsable at the mouth I now employ several smaller bags stiffened at the
mouth by metal hoops.
The entire apparatus consists of a raft formed of four or more planks set up on
edge at a short distance apart and bolted through. The convenient length of the
plank is 12 feet-depth 1 foot-and width 3 inches this may be varied according to
the resisting force required. To this raft a wire cable is attached the cable passing
from the bow of the ship to a ring from which short lengths of wire rope pass to
other rings attached to the front of the raft near its two ends. Thus the raft lies
broadside on.
Behind the raft are also several rings (five is a convenient number) and to these
rings lengths of wire rope are attached which pass back to the bags.
The bags are conical in form and of canvas and in the mouth of each a metal
The
loop is fixed so that the mouth is rigid and must remain always open.
convenient size of the mouth of bag is 4 feet diameter but this may vary according
to the resisting force required. There are four eyes on the hoop to which short wire
cords are attached they pass to a ring which also receives the wire rope by which
the bag is towed behind the raft.

page_text: The ropes connecting the bags with the raft are of such lengths that the bags
tow in rows one behind the other that there may be no risk of their getting foul
of each other.
For stowage the bags pack one within the other.
Lines are attached to the binder pointed ends of the bags for lifting them after
use and freeing them from the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE JUICE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1881. A communication
from Charles U. Yates, of Barton, near Manchester, County of Lancaster, and
Dr. Paul Degener, of Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick, Germany.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 109-110, Gneisenau Strasse,
Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE
JUICE" A communication from Charles U. Yates, of Barton, near Manchester,
County of Lancaster, and Dr. Paul Degener, of Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick,
Germany.
This Invention has for its object a mode of treatment of saccharine juice by which
the generation of molasses will be effectually limited and the formation of crystalized
sugar accelerated and increased.
The contact of the partly crystalized sugar with hot surfaces in the vacuum
apparatus under the present manner of operation causes a decomposition of a part
of the crystals and the products of decomposition not only considerably reduce the
yield but also retard the crystalisation.
Instead of operating in a vacuum of at the lowest 40 millimeters of pressure of
mercury and of heating the saccharine fluids not lower than about 60 centigrades,
as heretofore, we create a vacuum of 35 millimeters of pressure or less and heat the
juice at the utmost to but 45 centigrades. We thus make use of at least the same
difference of temperature between the steam for heating the vacuum pan on one
and the boiling temperature of the juice on the other side, but we apply steam
of considerably lower temperature for heating the juice in the vacuum pan.
The air and vapours from the evaporating vessel, before they enter the
airpump, by preference one of the Windhausen design, or any other evacuating
apparatus, may be led over water absorbing substances in special vessels or
chambers, in order to faciliate the creation of a vacuum of so low a pressure as
specified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKETS FOR CASTORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Mackie, and John Charles
Jopson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September
1881.
DAVID MACKIE, and JOHN CHARLES JOPSON, both of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Brassfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKETS
FOR CASTORS."
This Invention refers to the sockets in which the feet of tables or other
furniture are fitted with castors, and which sockets are usually made of cast metal.
Our Invention consists in making such sockets solid, drawn from wrought metal, by
taking a disc of metal of suitable thickness, and drawing it down by successive
operations with press tools until the disc is brought into the form of a cup,
annealing the article as often as may be required, by which process a stronger,
lighter, and cheaper socket is produced.
AN IMPROVED DISENGAGING OR 'SLIPPING' CONTRIVANCE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joshua Grimes at the
⚫ Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1881.
BENJAMIN JOSHUA GRIMES, of Number 170, Mile End Road, in the Parish of
Mile End Old Town, Middlesex, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED DISENGAGING OR
'SLIPPING' CONTRIVANCE."
I form an enclosing frame piece pivotted at one end; the upper end of the said
pivotted side or half of the frame piece or " slip link" takes into a recess in the
shoulder or head of the said "slip link," and by an arrangement of a surrounding
collar piece combined with a suitable spring catch, the said "slip link" when
"locked" will bear with perfect safety the load or pull which is put upon or
attached to it, whilst, on the other hand, when the said weight, strain, or pull is
required to be released, this is instantly and readily accomplished by actuating the
before mentioned catch connected with the surrounding collar piece, which is then
lifted or raised sufficiently to allow of the unlocking of the "slip link."
Amongst other purposes to which the slip link, according to my Invention, may
be applied, may be mentioned the following, namely, as detaching arrangements
for harness generally, and similar applications; releasing vessels from steam tugs;
lowering ships' boats, and generally as a simple means of readily and instantly
uncoupling, detaching, releasing, or disengaging.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIR OR FOUNTAIN ' PEN-HOLDERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jackson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1881.
JOHN JACKSON, the younger, of No. 173, Barnsbury Road, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RESERVOIR OR FOUNTAIN '
PEN-HOLDERS."
The object of the Invention is to obtain a pen-holder with a reservoir therein
for ink or other fluid used in writing, such holder being adapted to keep up
a supply to the pen for the time in use. The pen may be of the ordinary
character.
For this purpose there is enclosed within the stem of the penholder a flexible
tubular reservoir to receive the ink or other fluid to be used. This flexible tube I
prefer to form of vulcanized or prepared india-rubber, and one end of it is connected
to that part of the holder adapted to receive the pen for use, and this part is
provided with a small hole or passage to conduct the fluid from the interior of the
flexible tube to the pen. The other end of this flexible tube is connected at the
upper end of the outer case to a plug capable of being progressively turned in
the end of the outer case, and of thereby putting a twist on the flexible tube by
which to force out the fluid contained therein for the supply of the pen in use,
and as desired.
When this flexible tube has been thus twisted until the supply of fluid therein
has become exhausted, a fresh supply may be readily received therein by simply
dipping that end of the holder which receives the pen into a fresh supply of the
fluid, so that the end of the small hole therein may be just below the surface
of such fluid, and at the same time turning the opposite end of that flexible
tube in the opposite direction, or so as to untwist it, when the fluid will flow
therein.
This upper end of the flexible tube may be turned by the plug therein or other-
wise, and the means employed for effecting this turning may be held as progressively
turned by ratchet or such like teeth applied to the parts, or by simple friction or
otherwise, and a screw and moving pointer or other suitable indicator may be
employed to indicate whether the flexible tube is full or otherwise, and also prevent
injury to the flexible tube by over turning it.

page_text: After use, the pen applied, and surplus ink remaining in the pen may be readily
drawn back into the flexible tube for re-use.
A cap or guard may be applied to enclose the pen in the holder when in the
pocket or otherwise not in use, and this cap or guard when removed from covering
the pen, may be applied over the upper end of the holder to prevent that cover 5
from being mislaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOCKETS
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Richardson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1881.
EDWIN RICHARDSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOCKETS."
This Invention refers to improvements in the manufacture of that part of the
locket termed the edge, and which consists of a flanged rim upon which the top of
the locket closes and snaps; these edges have hitherto been made in two pieces,
soldered together one within the other; I make them by drawing an ingot of metal
into a wire through ordinary dies or drawplates, and afterwards drawing this wire
through dies formed to draw the wire into a square, rebated, and sunk or undercut
section, so that the flanged edge is produced solid.
MISING THE FUEL CONSUMED IN WORKING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Boudeville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1881.
AUGUSTE BOUDEVILLE, residing at 62, Rue Malpalu, Rouen, France.
MISING THE FUEL CONSUMED IN WORKING STEAM ENGINES."
« ECONO-
A discovery which substitutes, so to say, the force of weight for the power of
steam.
The principal idea rests on an arched pendulum, the size of which can be varied
indefinitely, say, a length of 6 metres, and falling only 5 centimètres per metre,
and a width of 3m 80°. The pendulum is hollow, and the sides are at least
50 centimètres thick; they are 4m 10 in height. At each end of the pendulum is a
box and drawer, and in the centre a simple plate of metal with which to calculate
the movement of the ball when required.
In this hollow pendulum, which is slightly inclined from either side, should be
placed a metal ball of considerable weight, and which will be incessantly in motion,
giving the power from each side alternately; a driving wheel of 18 metres in
height is fitted to the pendulum & moved by steam; the steam necessary for
causing the movement of the pendulum in which the ball is to move will be
inconsiderable.
The least impulse from either side will set it in motion
to the opposite side, then gently going high it will have a tendency to descend &
return from the other side by the power of its increased velocity, & vice versa,
the force of the movement which results gradually becoming less; the power
then would be in the weight of the ball which one could make to any size thought
suitable.
This would create a new force of infinite application less expensive than steam.
Herewith I beg to hand the plans necessary for the full comprehension of the
above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATORS OF STEAM, ALSO APPLICABLE TO HEATING PURPOSES GENERALLY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fréderic Duray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1881.
FREDERIC DURAY, of the Firm of Duray Frères, of Ecaussines, Belgium.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATORS OF STEAM, ALSO APPLICABLE TO HEATING
PURPOSES GENERALLY."
A boiler constructed according to this Invention has ordinarily the general
outward form of a locomotive boiler.
The primary objects of this Invention are the increased production of heat with
an economy in fuel by increasing the heating surface and consequently the power
of the boiler without increasing the length, diameter, or size of the apparatus; in
fact the heating surface is increased in its greatest part by a boiler tube or flue
which envelopes the tubes throughout their length, besides this tubular envelope
with the tubes are extended to the front of the fireplace and to the back or smoke
box end, and is thus exposed to better receive the heat, and so forms a hearth and
tube envelope. The small tubes, which are heated externally instead of internally,
are, as stated, surrounded by the tubular flue, and have the direct action of the
heat, and thus produce a great quantity of steam and powerfully contribute to the
economy of fuel:
The further object of this Invention is to remove the ordinary fire box tube
plate from the destructive action of the fire; in fact this plate being in the
fire box is always subjected to the fiercest action of the fire, and requires constant
repairs.
The further object is the facility of construction, repairs, and cleaning.
The body of the generator surrounds the set of water tubes and the tube
envelope or flue. These small tubes, which are generally made of iron or brass, are
heated externally and have water inside, just the opposite to the ordinary arrange-
ment. The generator is provided with fire box and fire bars, also dome or steam
reservoir above the boiler. The front of the boiler has a door capable of being
easily removed for cleaning the tubes, also the usual mud hole doors, and a door
for cleaning out the ashes which collect in the flue.
MANUFACTURE OF PNEUMATIC DISPATCHI TUBES AND ANALOGOUS TUBES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jefferson Mayall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1881.
THOMAS JEFFERSON MAYALL, of Reading, in the County of Middlesex, and State
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America.
MANUFACTURE OF PNEUMATIC DISPATCHI TUBES AND ANALOGOUS TUBES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of pneumatic dispatch
tubes and analogous tubes.
The object of my Invention is to produce a pneumatic dispatch tube in which
the dispatch carrying box may move without appreciable friction, and it consists
in making such tube of a compound of rubber ånd graphite combined with
sufficient sulphur to insure the proper vulcanizing of the tubes.
The proportions of the ingredients I prefer to employ in the manufacture of the
compound are, to one pound of rubber, about two and a half (2) pounds of
graphite, and about eight ounces of sulphur. This compound when thoroughly
mixed is run into sheets, which are cut into strips of equal width, according to the
size of the tube to be produced.
These strips are wound on a former (an elongated cylinder) of wood or metal of
about the diameter desired for the tube, and of convenient lengths, say, from four
to twelve feet. Before winding the rubber and graphite compound on the former
it is desirable that the sheet be covered with a thin coating of pulverized talc or
other similar substance to prevent the rubber from adhering to its surface.
The rubber and graphite compound is then vulcanized so as to become a hard
metallic like substance. After the tube has become thoroughly cool the inside is
then bored out perfectly smooth and a screw thread cut on the outside of both
ends of the same. A coupling piece about four to eight inches long according to
the diameter of the tube is prepared with a female screw thread cut on the inside
of it to correspond with and receive the small screw threads cut on the outside of
the end of the tubes, and by this means a sufficient number of tubes are joined
end to end to make the desired length of tube line.

page_text: Junction pieces for diverging at any angle from a straight line may be made by
forming and vulcanizing the rubber and graphite coinpound into curved tubes in
suitable moulds formed in longitudinal sections, such curved tubes being formed or
provided with flanges by means of which the longitudinal sections may be connected
together after the same are vulcanized and finished smoothly on the inside.
The graphite and rubber compound when vulcanized will not corrode, nor is it
in any way affected by exposure to heat and cold of the atmosphere, and therefore
unless subjected to violence is practically indestructible.
It may be buried in the earth or sunk in water, fresh or salt, without detriment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALLERIES OR HOLDERS FOR GAS AND LAMP GLOBES AND SHADES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Stanley Willoughby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1881.
FRANK STANLEY WILLOUGHBY, of Stockport, in the County of Lancaster, Wine
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALLERIES OR HOLDERS FOR GAS AND LAMP
GLOBES AND SHADES."
My Invention relates principally to the galleries which are used to sustain in
position the glass globes or shades employed in gas lighting apparatus, and is also
applicable for use in the securing of oil and and other lamp globes or shades. In
the ordinary arrangements for securing the globes to the said galleries, screws
bearing upon the edges, or upon parts near the edges, of the openings in the globes
are employed. The pressure of the said screws upon the glass often produces
fractures or leads to the fracture of the globe, and also time is consumed in the
turning of the screws; and some judgement is necessary to ensure that the screws shall
not be tightened too much. To remedy these defects I employ a spring bolt in lieu
of the said screw or screws. The said bolt is arranged to slide in a hole or socket,
and is pressed by a spiral or suitable spring into contact with the globe. The said
hole or socket is so formed or arranged as that the bolt tightens in the socket, as,
for example, in the case of a globe having a turned out flanch, the hole for the bolt
is lower than the point of contact of the bolt with the glass. This arrangement
prevents shakiness in the attachment. In some cases the said bolt is exterior, and
in others interior with respect to the globe. The end of the bolt is formed with a
suitable head which can be grasped with the fingers when the bolt is to be
withdrawn, and with a taper or conical or suitably shaped point which bears upon
the globe. In one form of gallery the clips, which grasp the globe and the part in
which the bolt socket is formed, are formed or fixed upon a metal ring which has a
single arm projecting inwards to the centre of the ring, and formed with a screwed
eye for the attachment of the gallery to the gasalier or other " 'gas fitting." In a
modification of the last named gallery the said ring is adapted to grasp a part of
the globe, and is tightened by means of a bolt and nut or of a spring, as, for
example, the ring may consist of a piece of wire bent into a circular form, one end
of this wire passing through a hole in the arm and being screwed to receive a
tightening nut. In another modification the spring acts upon one arm of a lever
which is jointed to the gallery, the other arm bearing upon the globe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR HEATING CONSERVATORIES AND OTHER ROOMS OR SPACES, WATER FOR BATHS OR OTHER DOMESTIC USES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE A SMALL HEATER IS REQUIRED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Nicholl at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1881.
JOSEPH NICHOLL, of Halifax, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR HEATING CONSERVATORIES AND OTHER ROOMS OR
SPACES, WATER FOR BATHS OR OTHER DOMESTIC USES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
WHERE A SMALL HEATER IS REQUIRED."
This Invention consists in a small heating apparatus preferably warmed by a
Bunsen's burner, and consisting in its simplest form of two cones forming the walls
of waterspaces, through which the products of combustion pass to pipes slanting
through the water to the exterior. The outer walls of the outer water space are
preferably cylindrical.
If it is to be a water heater for heating rooms, the inlet pipe opens to the
bottom preferably of both the internal cone and the external water chamber; the
exit pipe however opens to the top of the external chamber only.
The arrangement can be varied by connecting the pipes, one to the bottom of
each water space.
If used simply to heat air, water can still be used in the water spaces, but the
outer shell is either of sheet iron or of very much ridged cast iron, so as to give
out as much heat as possible.
The products of combustion after circulating through the apparatus are carried
off to a flue.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, BLACKING, AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Xavier Courtil at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
XAVIER COURTIL, Proprieter and Merchant at Albertville (Savoy), in the
Republic of France. "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING,
BLACKING, AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES."
The object of the Invention is a machine which shall be specially applicable to
the cleaning of boots and shoes while they are being worn.
The machine consists of a frame, the upright posts of which support a crank
shaft carrying a band pulley, which by means of a cord or band drives a pulley
and fly wheel fixed on another shaft which carries four revolving brushes, the
three first of which are used for brushing off the dirt and polishing the blacking,
the last for applying the blacking.
In order that the blacking brush may not be in continual contact with the
blacking a small revolving intermediate or transfer brush is arranged, which the
operator can dip into the blacking and move towards the blacking brush at will
by means of a lever connection from a handle.
Immediately the intermediate or transfer brush touches the blacking brush the
former is carried round by friction against the latter and conveys thereto the
blacking adhering to itself.
The levers for moving the intermediate or transfer brush are arranged in one
of the box like uprights of the frame; a double armed lever has its fulcrum in the
box and a bandle projecting out therefrom; a connecting rod connects the double
armed lever with a one armed lever fixed on the end of a small horizontal shaft,
which carries at or near the middle of its length a second one armed lever, to the
end of which the intermediate or transfer brush is fastened so that it can revolve.
This intermediate or transfer brush consists of two parts' which are moveable on
pins at each side of the lever.
Below the brush shaft is a grating of wooden laths, and below this a drawer.