IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FORMING CAST METAL SOCKETS EMPLOYED TO HOLD TUBULAR HANDLES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE HANDLES IN SUCH SOCKETS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN THE CASE OF CAST IRON SAUCEPANS AND OTHER HOLLOW-WARE AND GENERALLY WHERE TUBULAR HANDLES ARE REQUIRED TO BE FIXED TO CAST METAL UTENSILS OR ARTICLES
Year: 1883

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Richard Clayton of the firm of Edward Sheldon and
Company of Deepfields near Bilston in the County of Stafford, hollow-ware
manufacturers for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
FORMING CAST METAL SOCKETS EMPLOYED TO HOLD TUBULAR HANDLES, AND IN
THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE HANDLES IN SUCH SOCKETS, SUCH
IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN THE CASE OF CAST IRON SAUCEPANS AND
OTHER HOLLOW-WARE AND GENERALLY WHERE TUBULAR HANDLES ARE REQUIRED
TO BE FIXED TO CAST METAL UTENSILS OR ARTICLES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Clayton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1883.
RICHARD CLAYTON, of the firm of Edward Sheldon and Company of Deepfields
near Bilston in the County of Stafford, hollow-ware manufacturers, IMPROVE-
<<
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF FORMING CAST METAL SOCKETS EMPLOYED TO HOLD.
TUBULAR HANDLES AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE HANDLES IN SUCH
SOCKETS; SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN THE CASE OF CAST IRON
SAUCEPANS AND OTHER HOLLOW-WARE AND GENERALLY WHERE TUBULAR HANDLES
ARE REQUIRED TO BE FIXED TO CAST METAL UTENSILS OR ARTICLES
"
The description of sockets named in the title are, according to the usual method
of manufacture, cored inside with a dry-sand core, involving extra cost in the
manufacture over the construction of the snugs more usually employed to receive
the handles. If, in order to reduce the cost of moulding, a chill is employed
instead of the dry-sand core, the socket is extremely liable to split, owing to the
sudden contraction of the metal occasioned by the cooling effect of the chill.
Now the chief object of this invention is to render the employment of such chills
practicable by providing against the liability of the socket to split.
This is effected, according to the present invention, by moulding the socket so as
to leave a slit or open part down one side of such socket (preferably the underside)

page_text: from the outer end thereof to about two-thirds (more or less) the distance down
towards the inner end thereof. The slit or open part may be V-shaped, the apex
being at the inner end, or it may be of any convenient shape and width, but is
preferably at its widest part less than half the circumference of the socket. The
interior of the socket is thus cored out by means of a chill, the slit or open part at
the side of the socket completely preventing the socket from splitting.
The inner end of the wrought iron hollow handle is placed down the socket
(constructed as aforesaid, or in any convenient manner) in the ordinary manner and
a hole is drilled through one half or side only of such handle and socket. A rivet is
then passed through the said hole leaving the inner end of such rivet projecting
somewhat within the handle. A tool is then passed down inside the handle and
struck so as to clench the inner end of the rivet. A screw may be employed
instead of the rivet, if desired, in which case the clenching may of course be
dispensed with. Or instead of the hole and rivet or screw, a wedge of cast iron or
other suitable material may be driven down inside the handle at the part thereof
within the socket, thus securely fixing the handle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Clayton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th September 1883.
RICHARD CLAYTON, of the firm of Edward Sheldon and Company, of Deepfields
near Bilston in the County of Stafford, hollow-ware manufacturers, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF FORMING CAST METAL SOCKETS EMPLOYED TO HOLD
TUBULAR HANDLES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE HANDLES IN SUCH
SOCKETS; SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE IN THE CASE OF CAST IRON
SAUCEPANS AND OTHER HOLLOW-WARE AND GENERALLY WHERE TUBULAR HANDLES
ARE REQUIRED TO BE FIXED TO CAST METAL UTENSILS OR ARTICLES
"
Sockets of the description named in the title are, according to the usual method
of manufacture, cored inside with a dry-sand core, involving extra cost in the
manufacture over the construction of the snugs more usually employed to receive
the handles. If, in order to reduce the cost of moulding, a chill is employed
instead of the dry-sand core, the socket is extremely liable to split, owing to the
sudden contraction of the metal occasioned by the cooling effect of the chill.
Now the chief object of this invention is to render the employment of such chill
practicable by providing against the liability of the socket to split from the cooling
effect aforesaid.
This is effected, according to the present invention, by moulding the socket so as
to leave a slit or open part down one side of such socket (preferably the underside)
from the outer end thereof down towards the inner end thereof. The slit or open
part may be V-shaped, the apex being at the inner end, or it may be of any
convenient shape, and width, but is preferably, at its widest part, less than half
the circumference of the socket. The interior of the socket is thus conveniently
cored out by means of a chill, the slit or open part at the side of the socket
completely preventing such socket from splitting during the contraction of the
metal in cooling."
The inner end of the wrought iron hollow handle is placed down the socket
(constructed as aforesaid or in any convenient manner) in the ordinary manner
and a hole is drilled through one half or side only of such handle and socket. A
rivet is then passed through the said hole leaving the inner end of such rivet
projecting somewhat within the handle. A tool is then passed down inside the
handle and struck so as to clench the inner end of the rivet. A screw may be
employed instead of the rivet, if desired, in which case the clenching may of course
be dispensed with; or the handle may be fixed within the socket in any convenient
manner.
Having thus stated the nature of my said invention, I will now proceed to more
particularly describe and ascertain the manner of performing the same with
reference to the accompanying drawings, of which figure 1 is a vertical section of
one side of the upper part of a saucepan, shewing also the socket and inner end of
a tubular handle in longitudinal section; and figure 2 is a back elevation of figure 1
looking in the direction of the arrow a. A is the saucepan, B the socket, and C
the tubular handle. 6 is the slit or open part down the underside of the socket.
c is a rivet passed through a hole in one side of the socket and handle, from the
outside of such socket, and clenched down inside by means of a tool inserted down
the handle. A screw may be employed if desired instead of the rivet c, in which
case the clenching may be dispensed with. In the case of sockets formed as before
described it is preferred to put the rivet through the part thereof opposite to the
alit, as shewn,

page_text: Figure 3 illustrates in longitudinal section the chill within the socket. B is the
socket as in figure 1 and D is the chill. The chill D is made tubular, as shewn,
and filled with sand so as to act as an air vent and prevent the socket from
blowing during the process of casting. The part of the chill projecting beyond the
socket is carried by the sand mould, such projecting part acting as the porté to the
chill.
Having now stated the nature of my said invention and particularly_described
and ascertained the manner of performing the same, I declare that what I claim as
my invention and desire to secure by the herein-before in-part-recited Letters
Patent, is :-
First Forming cast metal sockets into which tubular handles are to be fixed,
with a slit or open part down one side thereof, substantially as and for the purpose
herein described and shewn (as applied to a saucepan) by the drawings.
Second Fixing a tubular handle within a cast metal socket by means of a
rivet passed through a hole in one side of such socket and handle, and clenching
such rivet inside the handle (or by means of a screw in lieu of such rivet),
substantially as herein described and shewn (as applied to a saucepan) by figure 1
of the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I, the said Richard Clayton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this tenth day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three
Witness
STEPHEN WATKINS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E.
Office for Patents,
Wolverhampton.
RICHARD CLAYTON (L.S.)