A NEW GASEOUS LIQUID TO BE USED IN GENERATING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "A NEW GASEOUS LIQUID TO BE USED IN GENERATING
MOTIVE POWER."-A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent. Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1856.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW GASEOUS LIQUID TO BE USED IN
GENERATING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a liquid compound that will.
facilitate the condensation of carbonic acid gas when used as a motive power,
render the vessels in which it is contained impervious to it, and at the same
time act as a lubricator to all the parts the compound comes in contact with;
and consists in the chemical union of bisulphuret of carbon, oil, and coal tar,
(stearine and elaine), to be used in combination with carbonic acid gas, liquefied
by cold and compression, as a motive power.
The carbonic acid gas is first generated in any well-known manner under a

page_text: pressure of about thirty-six atmospheres, and there is deposited in another
vessel, which will bear the same amount of pressure, coal tar, oil, and bisul-
phuret of carbon, to which is added sufficient cold oil of vitriol or hypo-
clilorous acid to decompose the bisulphuret.of carbon into liquid carbonic acid.
In the decomposing process a great amount of pressure is generated, which
causes a perfect mixture and chemical union of. the, several ingredients forming
a liquid of an oily nature.
The two vessels, one containing carbonic acid gas, and the other the com-
pound termed by the Patentee "sulphoil carbonic acid," are then connected
together, and the carbonic acid gas thoroughly impregnates the sulphoil car-
bonic acid liquid, and forms a gaseous liquid which is then ready, for use..
In connection with this sulphoil carbonic acid as a medium may be employed
all those isomeric and basacigen substances which will produce or give forth a
gaseous power, and must be used according to the laws of substitution, affinity,
combination, and cheinical union, and can thus be made serviceable as motive
agents..
To apply this medium or agent to propel machinery, a copper worm should
berused, one end of. which is connected with the vessel containing the sulphoil
carbonic acid, and the other with the cylinder of the engine, serving as the
supply pipe, which, together with the cylinder, is submerged in an oil bath,
which is heated to expand the gaseous liquid on its passage from the reservoir
to and in the cylinder to work the engine, and is thence exhausted into any
suitable condensing apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the, said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th April 1857,
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,. I, ALFRED.
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,,in. the County.
of Middlesex; Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters:
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October; in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six; in the, twentieth year, of Her.reign,.
did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and-grant-unto me, the said.
Alfred Vincent Newton, Her ispecial licence, that I, the, said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, and, assigns, or such others, as, I, the.
said Alfred Vincent. Newton, my executors, administrators, and.. assigns,.

page_text: should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein, expressed, should and lawfully, might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within, the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands; and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW
GASEOUS LIQUID TO BE USED IN GENERATING MOTIVE POWER," being a com-
munication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal; should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton; do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the sanie is
to be performed, to be particularly described and, ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, is thus described by
the Inventor-Carbonic acid gas has been experimented with, as a motive
power in every variety of form, but the great difficulty of condensing it and
of producing vessels sufficiently close in their texture to contain it without
waste, though possessing great, motive power in itself, is, nevertheless, imprac-
ticable for the purpose, if used alone. The bisulphuret of carbon has also been
used for the like purpose, and is found to be a powerful agent, but after a
short time it roughens the metal so as to produce too much friction in the
working parts.
Now the object of this Invention is to produce a liquid compound that will
facilitate the condensation of the carbonic acid gas, render the vessels in which
it is contained impervious to it, and at the same time act as a lubricator to
all the parts it comes in contact with; and consists in the chemical union
of bisulphuret of carbon, oil, and coal tar (stearine and elaine), to be used in
combination with carbonic acid gas, liquefied by cold and compression, as a
motive power.
b
To enable others to make and use the Invention, I will proceed to describe
the modus operandi. The carbonic acid gas is first generated in any well-
known apparatus (in a manner so generally understood as not to require any
particular explanation here), under a pressure of about thirty-six atmospheres,
and in another vessel which will bear the same amount of pressure there is
deposited one part of coal tar, three parts of oil, and, eight parts of bisulphuret
of carbon, or about, in that or any other suitable proportions, to which is added
sufficient cold oil of vitriol.or hypochlorous acid to decompose the bisulphuret

page_text: of carbon into liquid carbonic acid. The oil of vitriol or hypochlorous acid
does not mix with the oil and coal tar, but if this compound is surcharged ·
with the decomposing agent, the surplus lies at the bottom of the vessel, it
being the heaviest of all the ingredients; it should, therefore, be used accord-
ing to the judgment of the manufacturer and the strength of the acid. The
required proportions are found to be about one part of the acid to sixteen
parts of the bisulphuret of carbon. In the decomposing process a great
amount of pressure is generated, which causes a perfect mixture and chemical
union of the several ingredients forming a liquid of an oily nature, and when
this is accomplished no more of the decomposing agent (oil of vitriol or hypo-
chloric acid) is required. This compound (which is to be kept in a tight vessel)
is what the Inventor denominates "sulphoil carbonic acid." If opened and
exposed to the atmosphere, the carbonic acid vaporizes and escapes, leaving
the undecomposed bisulphuret of carbon in combination with the oil and coal
tar behind. The two vessels, one containing carbonic acid gas, and the other
the sulphoil carbonic acid, are then connected together, and the carbonic acid
gas thoroughly impregnates the sulphoil carbonic acid liquid and forms a
gaseous. liquid, which represents the totality of the motive power, and is then
ready for use, being about in the proportion of three of the liquid to one
hundred of the carbonic acid gas in combination.
In this compound three of the substances employed, viz, the bisulphuret
of carbon, the carbonic acid, and the coal tar, in part act as motive powers by
virtue of their capability of expanding and condensing, whilst the other
substance (oil), besides mediating an uniform admixture of the former, acts
principally as a lubricating substance by greasing the machinery, into which
it is mechanically driven by the gases; the carbonic acid gas is more easily
controlled and condensed than when used alone, and the coal tar effectually
stops all the pores of the metal.
In connection with this sulphoil carbonic acid as a medium may be employed
all those isomeric and basacigen substances which will produce or give forth a
gaseous power, and must be used according to the laws of substitution, affinity,
combination, and chemical union, and can thus be made serviceable as motive
agents.
To apply this medium or agent to propel machinery, a copper worm should
be used, one end of which is connected with the vessel containing the sulphoil
carbonic acid, and the other with the cylinder of the engine, serving as the
supply pipe, which, together with the cylinder, is submerged in an oil bath,
which is heated in order to expand the gaseous liquid on its passage from the
reservoir to and in the cylinder to work the engine, and is thence exhausted

page_text: into any suitable condensing apparatus, where it is immediately condensed by
injecting it into the reservoir containing the same liquid for re-use.
Before the liquid is heated by fuel, the atmospheric temperature will ordi-
narily cause it to indicate on the pressure gauge about forty-five pounds to the
square inch, and on the application of heat the pressure will increase in the
ratio of one pound per square inch to every degree of increased heat (Fahren-
heit), and being condensed in its parent liquid it may be used over and over
again at a small cost of fuel, as one hundred and fifty degrees of heat absorbed
in the oil bath will produce as many pounds of available pressure..
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "A New Gaseous
Liquid to be used in Generating Motive Power," as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I wish it to be understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent I claim the sulphoil carbonic acid liquid prepared
in the manner substantially as described, and used in combination with carbonic
acid generated in any known way, or other equivalent liquefiable gas, as a
motive power.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)