Improved Card-clothing applicable for Pile or Nap Raising, and Method and Apparatus for Grinding the same.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1897-Accepted, 3rd July, 1897
Improved Card-clothing applicable for Pile or Nap Raising, and
Method and Apparatus for Grinding the same.
I, ERNEST SCHWEINEFLEISCH, of Mühlhausen, Thuringia, Germany, Finisher, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This invention relates to a novel kind of card-clothing and to a method and
apparatus for grinding the same. The free working ends A of the teeth of the card-
clothing heretofore coming on the market made, as.shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the
accompanying drawings, obtuse angles with the remaining inner portions B of the
teeth.
For that reason the working ends of the teeth, when slipping over the goods in
consequence of the resistance opposed to them were bent back to too great an extent
and were thus held at too great an angle against the goods (see dotted lines in Fig. 1),
which had the result that flat-ground card-teeth (such as shown in Fig. 9), instead of
acting more upon the surface of the goods, entered too deeply into them, were bent,
and became unfit for use after too short a time. Card-teeth constituted in this.
manner constantly cut the fibres of the spun material more than they engage with
them and lay them parallel.
These drawbacks are intended to be obviated by means of the card-clothing
according to this invention.
The teeth of this card-clothing are, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, not arranged at
an obtuse angle as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but are arranged more at acute angles,
whilst the inner portions B of the teeth are inclined to the base C in a direction
opposite to the working direction of rotation of the card-clothing.
By this means, as shown by the working position illustrated by full lines in Fig. 4,
and by dotted lines in Fig. 5, the outer ends A of the teeth are not placed so obliquely
as in the old arrangement (see Fig. 1), so that the desired action upon the goods is
effected.
The same object may be effected by means of the arrangement of cards illustrated
in Figs. 6, 7, and 8. In this arrangement the teeth are bent perpendicularly, and as
shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the action upon the goods is also moderate and as desired.
A further great advantage is obtained by grinding the outer ends A of the teeth,
not flat as heretofore (Fig. 9), but arrow-head shaped as shown in Fig. 10.
As a result of the pressure exerted upon it during the grinding to an arrow-head
shape, the fine point is bent gently inwards, as shown in the left-hand portion of
Fig. 10.
Card-clothing arranged in this manner will only act upon the surface of the goods.
The penetration of the outer end of the card-teeth into the goods and the resulting
bending, premature bluntness and wearing out of the teeth, is excluded under all
circumstances.
Card-clothing constructed in this manner can also be very readily cleaned.
The process of grinding the teeth of the card-clothing constructed in this manner

page_text: is effected, according to this invention, by passing the card-clothing a, which may
form, for example, an endless band, over rollers b (Fig. 11) of the smallest possible
diameter.
The distances from one another of the several teeth c which form straight
longitudinal and transverse rows, are increased as they run over the rollers bin
consequence of their forming, to some extent, radii thereof, so that pins d of suitable
length can be easily inserted between the transverse rows of the teeth c.
These pins d pass into the bend of the teeth c (see Fig. 11). When the pins d are
lifted rectilinearly the working outer ends of the teeth are carried up with them and,
making with the inner portions of the teeth obtuse angles, bear against an emery
wheel (Fig. 11) with a greater or less pressure according to the pressure exerted
upon the pins d.
The teeth c which are lifted in this manner by means of the pins & transversely to
the card-clothing, in rows, thus bear with their free ends against the emery wheel f,
which is mounted somewhat to one side and which is provided with grooves g
corresponding to the transverse distance apart of the teeth c (Figs. 11 and 12).
In consequence of the shape of the grooves and the like directions of rotation of the
grinding wheel and the roller, the card-teeth are ground or sharpened to the shape of
arrow-heads, as shown in Fig. 10, which illustrates to a larger scale a tooth A B of
this construction and of the kind above described.
In consequence of the pressure exerted upon it during the grinding, the fine point
is slightly bent inwards (Figs. 10 and 11), in consequence of which an excellent
napping of the goods is effected, because the working outer ends of the card teeth can
no longer enter the goods as heretofore, but, as required, only act upon the surface
thereof, which they treat thoroughly and abundantly.
Moreover, as the teeth ground in this manner cannot catch in the goods, they
cannot become bent, and their points cannot be prematurely worn out.
Even the cleaning of such card-clothing can, as already stated, be effected very
much better than hitherto.
For the continuous working of the grinding-process hereinbefore described, an
apparatus is necessary that will impart to the pins d that serve to lift the teeth c, a
rectilinear horizontal and at the same time lifting motion in addition to a rotary
motion.
Whereas the rotary motion of the pins d is continuous, and these pins have the
same speed as the roller b, the compound movement consisting of a rectilinear
horizontal novement, a gradual forward movement, a sudden backward movement,
and a simultaneous radially lifting movement, takes place only at intervals and at the
place where the teeth care to be moved against the emery wheel f-from x to y, as
shown in Fig. 11. After passing the emery wheel-that is to say, after the raised
card-teeth have been ground-the pins & fall suddenly back into the position g in
which they do not affect the teeth c, and then they move into the position x whence
they come into operation and whence they rise again against the transverse rows
of the teeth i.e., pass in between the latter and rise up.
An example of apparatus of this kind is shown in Fig. 13 in sectional elevation.
a is the card-clothing in the form of an endless band; b is the carrying roller; f is
an emery wheel which is mounted somewhat to one side, as shown in Fig. 11.
Both the wheel and the roller b are driven from the driving shaft 1 of the apparatus.
Upon this shaft there is mounted, for example, a large cord-pulley 2 and a much
smaller cord-pulley 3.
The large cord pulley 2 is connected with a very much smaller cord-pulley 5
mounted on the axle 4 of the emery wheel f, so that the latter is caused to revolve as
rapidly as possible. The roller b, which need only revolve at a low speed, carries a
large cord-pulley 6, which is coupled to the very much smaller cord-pulley 3 of the
driving shaft 1.
The pins d are arranged annularly on a disc 7, which is keyed on the prolonged
axle 8 of the roller b.

page_text: The disc 7 with the pins & is shown, to a slightly larger scale, in Fig. 14 in elevation
and in Fig. 15 in longitudinal section.
9 is a cam-disc fixed on the framing 10 of the apparatus. It is arranged centrally
to the roller b and forms at the same time the bearing for the prolonged driving
axle 8. It is shown in front elevation in Fig. 16, and in side elevation in
Figs. 13 and 15. Fig. 17 is a detailed view corresponding to Fig. 14.
Since the disc 7 that carries the pins d is mounted on the prolonged axle of the
roller b, it makes the same circular motion as the roller b.
The horizontal alternating movement (gradual in the forward direction, and sudden
in the return direction) of the pins d, results from the fact that the free spherically
rounded heads 11 thereof slide on the cam-disc 9 and are acted upon by helical
springs 12 arranged between the heads 11 of the pins d and the disc 7. If, now, the
disc 7 is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow, the pins d, when they have
arrived at x (Figs. 11, 14, and 16), are, in consequence of the fact that their heads 11
move laterally along the inclined curved path 13 of the cam-disc 9, pushed gradually
forwards between the transverse rows of teeth (Figs. 11 and 13) until they reach the
end thereof.
The radial movement of the pins & accompanies this forward movement and, with
the consequent pressing of the teeth to be sharpened against the emery wheel f, is
effected by means of inclined surfaces 14 of the rear stud-like ends 15 of the pins d,
which carry the helical springs 12.
The inclined surfaces 14 bear against similarly shaped surfaces of the holes in the
disc 7 and are constantly held towards the centre of the disc by spring-pressure
produced by helical springs 16, which are mounted so as to be capable of radial
movement and are provided with small pressure-plates 17.
When the pin-heads 11 have reached the end of the cam-path 13, which terminates
suddenly at y (Fig. 16), they are caused by the action of the springs 12 to move
suddenly back (Figs. 13 and the lower part of Fig. 15), and the springs 16
consequently also move back into their original position, so as to firmly embrace the
contracted parts of the studs 15 with their pressure-plates 17 (see the lower part of
Fig. 15).
In the present case the pins d are cranked with the object being able to provide
them with a sufficiently large bearing in the disc 7, which is made as wide as possible,
because the ends of the pins d, which pass in between the transverse rows of teeth,
can, in consequence of the extremely small dimensions of the teeth, be arranged only
in a small circle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the saine is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Card-clothing characterized by the fact that the outer and working ends A of
the teeth of the card-clothing are ground of arrow-head shape and with gentle inward
bends at their points and make with the inner portions B of the teeth either acute
angles or right angles, the inner portions B in the former case being inclined towards
their base C in the direction opposite to that of the operative rotation of the
card-clothing.
2. A process for grinding card-clothing of the kind referred to in Claim 1, according
to which the teeth c (forming straight longitudinal and transverse rows) of the
card-clothing a, which is passed over rollers 6 of the smallest possible diameter, are
lifted one transverse row at a time by means of pins & pushed in between consecutive
transverse rows, and are pressed against a rapidly revolving grinding roller situated
a little to one side, in order, by withdrawing the pin d and inserting it into the next
transverse row, to move the preceding transverse row back into its original position,
the card-teeth being ground in suitable angularly shaped grooves (corresponding to
the transverse distance apart of the teeth) in the grinding roller f arrow-head shaped
and with gentle inward bends at their points.
3. An apparatus for grinding card-clothing of the kind referred to in Claim 1

page_text: according to the process referred to in Claim 2, in which the pins d, for the purpose
of raising the teeth c successively in transverse rows, are arranged on a disc 7, which
is keyed on the axle of the roller band consequently executes a rotary movement
of the same velocity as that of the card-clothing, and in which a rectilinear horizontal,
gradually advancing, and suddenly returning and at the same time radially lifting
movement is, in addition to the rotary movement, imparted, by means of a
cam disc 9 and inclined surfaces 14, to the pins d of the disc 7.
4. Apparatus for grinding card-clothing, constructed, arranged, and operating
substantially as herein before described with reference to and shown in Figs. 11 to 17
of the accompanying drawings.
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.