IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR MODES OF VENTILATING THE INTERIOR OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, CABINS, AND HOLDS OF SHIPS, AND OTHER ENCLOSED SPACES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Bucki gham Ibbotson, of the Firm of
Ibbotson, Brothers, and Company, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Steel Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR MODES OF VENTILATING THE INTERIOR OF RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES, CABINS, AND HOLDS OF SHIPS, AND OTHER ENCLOSED SPACES."-A
communication from abroad by Signor Vecchj, of Turin, in the Kingdom
of Italy.
Sealed the 14th January 1868, and dated the 15th July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Buckingham
Ibbotson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th July 1867.
I, ALFRED BUCKINGHAM IBBOTSON, of the Firm of Ibbotson, Brothers, and
Company, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
OR MODE OF VENTILATING THE INTERIOR OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, CABINS
AND HOLDS OF SHIPS, AND OTHER ENCLOSED SPACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the ventilation of enclosed spaces, and
relates more particularly to the ventilation of railway and other carriages,
cabins of ships, and the like where the vehicle is in motion, and
where it is desirable to obtain ventilation without the usual unpleasant
accompaniments of drafts and dust consequent from side openings.
In carrying out the Invention in its application to railway and other car-
[Prios 8d.]

page_text: riages suitable openings are formed in the roof for the induction of the air,
and in the floor an opening for the eduction of the air, at which latter opening
a vertical axis is fitted, to the outer end of which a fan is fixed to turn the
said axis by the air impinging against the blades of the said fan as the carriage
moves forwards or backwards. Upon the same axis, or in connection there-
with so as to be turned thereby, a number of helical or angular blades are
mounted and enclosed in a cylinder or case, so as when turned to draw the air
out of the carriage and expel it at its lower end; one end of this case being
open to the interior of the carriage, cabin, or enclosed space, and the other end
of the case being left open to the atmosphere for the air to escape or be driven
out. By the motion of this fan a steady but imperceptable circulation of air
is obtained, and the desired ventilation effected by making the apparatus draw
the air from the roof in railway and other carriages, and expel it through the
floor, the dust is excluded, and the side windows or other lateral openings may
remain closed, and still a perfect ventilation be effected. In the case of rail-
way carriages the draw motion of the axis of the fans and vanes may be
obtained from the axles or other parts through pullies and bands, or other
suitable mechanism. In the case of ships air pipes are fitted from the bottom
of the floor through which the air passes to the deck or sides of the ship above
the water line.
For ventilating the interior of stationary enclosures a similarly formed fan
and exhauster may be used, and the necessary motion obtained from the
ordinary atmospheric currents, or applied thereto by hand or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Buckingham Ibbotson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
BUCKINGHAM IBBOTSON, of the Firm of Ibbotson, Brothers, and Company, of
Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Alfred Buckingham Ibbotson, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred.
Buckingham Ibbotson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such

page_text: others as I, the said Alfred Buckingham Ibbotson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR MODE OF VENTILATING THE
INTERIOR OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, CABINS, AND HOLDS OF SHIPS AND
OTHER ENCLOSED SPACES," (communicated to me from abroad by Signor Vecchy,
of Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy,)upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Alfred Buckingham Ibbotson, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said AlfredBuckingham Ibbotson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the ventilation of enclosed spaces by educ-
tion, and relates more particularly to the ventilation of railway and other
carriages, cabins of ships, and the like where the vehicle or vessel isinmotion,
and where it is desirable to obtain ventilation without the usual unpleasant
accompaniments of drafts and dust consequent from side openings.
In carrying out the Invention in its application to railway and other car-
riages suitable openings are formed in the roof for the induction of the air,
aud in the floor for the eduction of air or vapour. At the latter openings a
vertical shaft is fitted, to the lower or outer end of which shaft, and partially
enclosed in a cylinder a fan is fixed, so that the air impinging against the
exposed portions of the blades of the said fan causes the same to rotate and
turn the shaft as the carriage moves forwards or backwards. Upon the upper
or outer portion of the same shaft, or upon a second axis in connection there-
with, or so as to be turned thereby, a number of helical or angular blades are
mounted and enclosed in a cylinder or case open at the top or head, or covered
by a perforated plate. When the screw blades are turned they draw the air
out of the carriage into the upper or last-mentioned cylinder, and expel it at
the lower end, where lateral openings are made for the air or vapour to escape,
the top or head of this case being open to or connected with the interior of the

page_text: carriage, cabin, or enclosed space, and the other end open to the atmosphere
for the vapour to escape or be driven out, by the self-acting motion of the fan
and screw the steady but imperceptible circulation of air is obtained, and the
desired vetilation effected. By making suitable openings in the roof for the
admission of air, and causing the apparatus to thus draw it into railway and
other carriages and expel it through the floor the dust is excluded, and the
side windows or other lateral openings may remain closed, and a perfect
ventilation be still maintained. In the case of railway carriages the desired
motion of the axis of the fan and vanes when not self-acting may be obtained
from the axles or other parts through pullies and bands, or other suitable
mechanism. In the case of ships the air from the bottom of the screw
cylinder when fixed under the floor of the cabin or hold is conducted to the
deck by suitable pipes or air-tight tubes. The apparatus may be fixed in any
part of the carriage, ship, or building by connecting the open end or head of
the screw cylinder with the interior of the said carriages, ships, or buildings,
or other inclosed spaces by suitable pipes or air and vapour ducts.
For ventilating the interior of stationary enclosures a similarly formed fan
and exhauster may be used, and the necessary motion may be obtained from
the ordinary atmospheric currents, or applied thereto by hand or otherwise.
EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWING.
The accompanying Drawing is intended to illustrate the mode of carrying
out the said Invention in its application to railway carriages, and from which
its general application will be readily understood.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of a first-class carriage showing the position
in which the ventilator is intended to be placed. The improved ventilator
may if desired be affixed to the top, sides, or ends of the carriage, and the
screw blades be made the reverse way, or so as to force the air into the car-
riage, cabin, or enclosed space instead of drawing it out, and when the
apparatus is used for ventilating ships the case of the driving part of the
apparatus may be made to turn so that its opening may face the wind, and
be fixed in that position; Figure 2 is an enlarged side view of the ventilator;
Fig. 3, a longitudinal section through its centre; Fig. 4 a plan or hori-
zontal section at the line A, B, Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 5 a similar section
or plan at the line C, D, Figs. 1 & 2.
a is a cylindrical case of thin metal, covered at the top by a perforated
plate, and fixed in an opening in the floor,ends, or sides of the carriage, cabin,
room, or other enclosed space; b, b, are!side openings formed in this cylinder,

page_text: through which the air drawn into it by the screw escapes or is drawn out; c is
a similar cylinder fixed to the latter, the axes of both being common to each
other; d is a plate dividing one cylinder from the other; e, e, are front and
back openings in the lower cylinder; fis a centre shaft, which passes through
the axis of both cylinders entire or coupled at f", and is fitted with fan blades
in the lower cylinder, and screw blades in the upper one; g are the fans, and
h, the screw blades; i, i, are adjusting centre and bearing screws, the ends
of which are pointed or countersunk to receive the ends of the shaft f, the
latter having also small countersunk or pointed ends, upon which it turns with
very little friction. The advancing motion of the carriage in either direction,
indicated by the arrow heads at Fig. 4, or the atmospheric current in the
other cases herein mentioned, will cause the air to impinge against the convex
surface of the fansg, and turn the shaft and screw in the direction shown by the
feathered arrows; Figs. 4 and 5 show the proper relative positions of the
fan and screw cylinders. j, i, show the direction of the eduction current (a
pipe or air-tight tube being fitted to the openings b, b, when the ventilator is
placed in the floor of a ship's cabin or hold, or in the lower room or storey of
a building). One or more of the ventilators may be employed for drawing out
and expelling the air from several compartments or separate enclosed spaces
by fixing air ducts leading from each compartment or space to the open end
of the screw cylinder. k, k, are small doors closing openings in the roof of the
carriage for the admission of air when it is desired to keep the windows or
other side openings closed to exclude drafts and dust. It is preferred to
make these air openings in the under case of the roof where the latter is
double, and where single to run a pipe or tube from above or below the air
opening to the side of the carriage.
I claim,-
First, the use and combination of a screw ventilator with a fan made self-
acting by the atmospheric current produced by the motion of railway or
other carriages or vehicles, or ships or other floating vessels, for ventilating the
interior thereof by the eduction of the air or vapour therein at or near the
lowest level (or other part) thereof.
Secondly, the use and combination of a screw ventilator with a fan made
self-acting by the force of the air in motion for ventilating stationary enclosed
spaces by the eduction of the air or vapour therein at or near the lowest level
(or other part) thereof.
Thirdly, the use and combination of a screw with a fan for the same or
similar ventilations or purposes, the screw or fan being driven as herein

page_text: with.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Buckingham Ibbotson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Buckingham Ibbotson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
ALFRED B. IBBOTSON. (L.S.)