IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURES THEREFROM
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Young Darracott Scott, of Ealing, in the
County of Middlesex, Major-General, C.B., for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF MANURES THEREFROM,"
Sealed the 14th August 1874, and dated the 20th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Young Darracott
Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 20th February 1874.
I, HENRY YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex, Major-General, C.B., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MANURES THEREPROM," to be as follows:

page_text: or otherwise removed as voided to a factory I then allow the liquid to
drain from the solids into suitable tanks for its treatment. We may
call the solid fæces (ƒ).
The urine removed from urinals and the catch pits attached to privies
I also empty into such tanks, and then after the decomposition of its
urea treat it as follows:-I first filter the liquid through or otherwise
treat it (by preference) with a hydrated phosphate prepared from
calcined dolomite, by adding thereto soluble phosphoric acid, and then
to the effluent liquid, whether obtained by filtration or decantation
from the said salt or salts, I add lime in sufficient quantity to precipitato
such fertilizers as may be dissolved in the liquid and are removable
by such means. The compound substances so obtained, which wo
may call (a) I dry partially by draining or pressure, and then add
thereto the dried precipitate (p) obtained from the liquid sewage. By
this means I am enabled by further air drying and without the application
of heat, to reduce the mixtures (p and a) to a condition of powder, in
which condition I may mix this powder with the fœces (f), and thus
obtain the whole in a condition in which air drying may bring the
manure consisting of (p, f, and a,) into a form and state fit for the
market.
It will be found that in an average town worked on the midden
system (with its proportion of closets for the better class of houses) tho
amounts of a, b, and c, (a and c being dry, and moist), will approxi-
mate (omitting consideration of other ammoniacal liquids than urine) to
equal proportions, and that the manure so obtained will have a value at
present prices ranging from £5 to £7 per ton, or the price at which the
farmer now prefers to purchase.
I do not exclude myself from the use of warmth or heat in the pre-
parations of the manures, as for special purposes (for instance the manu-
facture of richer manures) I may find it advantageous to employ heat,
and as I have already stated I may use up other refuse (such as wasto
charcoal, shoddy, fustic, and dried blood) with the above compound; or
I may, as for instance where towns are unprovided with an outfall,
compound b and c together, or supply the place of a with such refuse as
shoddy and other nitrogenous compounds; I can also for purposes of
deodorization employ charcoal or other deodorant with the night soil,
whether the faces are discharged into receptacles of the midden or closet
class.

page_text: I may also for the purposes of deodorization, but at increased expense
as respects manufacture, sprinkle the dry precipitate (p) over the
dejections, either by hand or mechanical appliances attached to the
closets.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Young Darracott Scott in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of Middlesex, Major-
General, C.B., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott,
Her special licence that I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Young Darracott Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURES THEREFROM," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, my
exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention. and in what manner

page_text: equivalent chamber a screen so arranged as to allow the urine discharged
with the solid fæces to percolate or drain off into a catch pit, from
whence it can either be removed into tank carts or be passed through
filters containing salts, which have the property of combining with or
extracting ammonia from liquids.
If the mixed fæces and urine are received into pails which do not
admit of the drainage of the urine from them, and such faeces are carted
or otherwise removed (in the state they are voided) to a factory, I then
allow the liquid to drain from the solids into suitable tanks for its sub-
sequent treatment. The solid fæces thereby obtained we will deno-
minate (f).
The urine removed from urinals and the catch pits attached to privics
I also empty into such tanks, and then after the decomposition of its
urea treat it as follows by methods which I do not claim as novel for
the extraction of the ammonia :-I first filter the liquid through or
agitate it with a hydrated phosphate prepared from calcined dolomite,
by adding thereto soluble phosphoric acid, or I treat it with other com-
pounds capable of extracting ammonia from ammoniacal liquids, and
then to the effluent liquid (whether obtained by filtration or decantation
from the said salt or salts) I add lime in sufficient quantity to precipitate
such fertilizers as may be dissolved and still remain in the liquid, and
are removeable by such means. The compound substances so obtained
(which we may call (a)) I dry partially by draining or pressure, and I
fix the ammoniacal salts by means of sulphuric or phosphoric acid, I
then add thereto the dried precipitate (p) obtained from the liquid
sewage. By this means I am enabled by further air drying, and without
the application of heat, to reduce the mixtures (p and a) to a condition
of powder, in which condition I may mix this powder with the
foeces (f), and thus obtain the whole in a condition in which air drying
may bring the manure, consisting of (p,f, and a,) into a form 'and
state fit for the market.
It will be found that in an average town worked on the midden
system (with its proportion of closets for the better class of houses) the
amounts of p, f, and a, (p and a being dry, and f moist), will approxi-
mate (omitting consideration of other ammoniacal liquids than urine)
to equal proportions, and that the manure so obtained will have a value
at present prices ranging from five pounds to seven pounds per ton,
hat is to say, the price at which the farmer now prefers to purchase.

page_text: I do not exclude myself from the use of warmth or heat in the
preparation of the manures, as for special purposes (for instance in the
manufacture of richer manures and in the winter months) I may find it
advantageous to employ heat. As I have already stated I may use up
other refuse, such as waste charcoal, shoddy, fustic, dried blood, with the
above compound; or I sometimes (as for instance where towns are
unprovided with an outfall) compound fand a together, or supply the
place of p with such refuse as shoddy and other nitrogenous compounds;
I also (for purposes of deodorization) employ charcoal or other deodorant
with the night soil, whether the fœces are discharged into receptacles of
the midden or the closet class.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in the Treat-
ment of Sewage, and in the Manufacture of Manures therefrom,” and
having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim
as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, com-
bining ammoniacal compounds extracted from polluted liquids with
the deposits obtained from the precipitation of outfall sewago and the
solid excreta of cesspools and dry closets, or with one of them, as herein
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.