Improvements in the Weaving of Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 16th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 19th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Weaving of Pile Fabrics.
I JOHN PARK of Skipton in the County of York, Designer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
It consists of improvements in the weaving of pile fabrics, having more
especial reference to the weaving or production of that class of pile or plush
fabrics known as Utrecht or mohair plush, wherein by a peculiarity in the nature of
the fibre forming the pile or plush, there is a tendency to shew streaky or shady
markings in the cloth or fabric when finished, and the object of this invention is to
obviate this tendency or undesirable result no matter what class or kind of fibre
may be employed.
This I attain by a peculiarity in the arrangement of the warps forming the
ground part of each plush piece or cloth when woven in the well known style for
producing double pieces face to face and this arrangement consists of either using
an additional warp, which may be styled an idle warp, or arranging the warp
forming the ground of the upper plush piece to answer the purpose of guiding the
threads of the plush warp so that at the time of the beating in of the weft these
threads of plush warp will be held and caused to assume a proper and desired
position relatively with one another.
The idle warp is arranged to pass from the back of the loom through the healds
and reed and through the pieces of plush fabrics being woven, to be wound upon a
beam in front of the loom, no part of this warp having any weft woven into it
whatever, but one of each of the threads of this warp is made to pass through each
dent (or opening) in the reed through which passes a thread of the pile or plush
warp, by which means any space otherwise unoccupied in the reed, to which
unoccupied space the threads of pile warp might flee when the weft is being beaten
into the ground warps, is entirely filled up and that in such a manner as to render
the chances or opportunities for fleeing either to one side or to the other equally
difficult.
When using the top plush warp instead of this idle warp, I conduct it firstly
through the healds, reed and pieces being woven as is the idle warp, but instead of
winding it upon a roller in front of the loom as is the case with the idle warp, I
merely conduct it over this roller and back through the reed to pass over another
roller at the back of the loom from which I conduct it through and loom it or draw
it into the healds to be thereby operated for the reception of the weft after having
and as though it had not, passed or traversed the space above described.
By the following arrangement of ground warps a similarly effective result
respecting the desired appearance of the plush face of the pieces produced, may be
attained, that is the pile threads are by these means held or caused to assume their
proper respective positions relatively with each other.
This arrangement consists of having an extra thread of ground warp for each
thread of pile warp so that there will be two threads of ground warp for each thread
of pile warp, these two threads of ground warp being made to pass through
separate mails mounted on one and the same heald shaft in order that they may be
thereby at all times simultaneously operated. These two ground threads or ends
are then passed through one and the same dent or opening in the reed, through
which same dent is passed the single thread of pile warp for each piece thus making
a total of six threads in each dent or three for each plush piece.
The drawing in and the slaying of these several warps are so arranged that each
thread of pile warp is made to pass through the reed between the two threads of
ground warn

page_text: Now when using an idle warp, by slaying one ground thread from two shafts of
opposite shed or tread and a pile thread on the outside of them together with a
thread of the idle warp on the outside of this pile thread in each dent for each
piece, more freedom for shedding is allowed and more certainty in the placing of
the pile threads is effected.
In all cases where the idle warp is employed it is operated by its heald shafts
being at the full tread at all times when the weft is being beaten up.
Dated this 14th day of February 1891.
JOHN PARK.
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Weaving of Pile Fabrics.
I JOHN PARK of Skipton in the County of York, Designer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is
to say:
It consists of improvements in the weaving of pile fabrics, having more
especial reference to the weaving or production of that class of pile or plush
fabrics known as Utrecht or mohair plush, wherein by a peculiarity in the nature of
the fibre forming the pile or plush, there is a tendency to shew streaky or shady
markings in the cloth or fabric when finished, and the object of this invention is to
obviate this tendency or undesirable result no matter. what class or kind of fibre
may be employed.
This I attain by a peculiarity in the arrangement of the warps forming the
ground part of each plush piece or cloth when woven in the well known style for
producing double pieces face to face and this arrangement consists of either using
an additional warp, which may be styled an idle warp, or arranging the warp
forming the ground of the upper plush piece to answer the purpose of guiding the
threads of plush warp so that at the time of the beating in of the weft these threads of
plush warp will be held and caused to assume a proper and desired position relative
with one another.
In the accompanying sheets of drawings
Fig. 1 is a side elevation shewing an arrangement of the idle warp, only such
parts of the mechanism of the loom being shewn as are necessary to illustrate the
application of my invention, while all the framework is omitted so that the other
parts may be more clearly seen.
Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1 but shews an arrangement whereby the ground
warp may be made to answer the purposes of the idle warp above described.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are diagrams shewing several ways how the warps are drawn in
or passed through the mails of the healds.
The idle warp a is arranged to pass from the beam on the back of the loom
through the healds c and reed d and through the pieces of plush fabrics at e to be
wound upon a beam fin front of the loom no part of this warp a having any weft
woven into it so as to bind it in any way whatever, but each of the threads of this
warp is made to pass through one or another of the dents or openings in the reed d
(as shewn by Figs. 3, and 5) through which passes a thread of pile or plush warp g
and the two or more threads of ground warps h, by which means any space, other-
wise unoccupied in the reed d, to which unoccupied space the threads of pile
warp might flee when the weft is being beaten into the ground warps h, is entirely
filled up and that in such a manner as to render the chances or opportunities for
fleeing either to one side or to the other equally difficult.
When using the ground warp h instead of the idle warp a I conduct it firstly
through the healds c, reed d and pieces e as is the idle warp a but instead of winding

page_text: it upon a roller in front of the loom as upon the roller f, merely conduct it over
the roller and back through the reed d and healds e to pass over another roller /
at the back of the loom from which I conduct it back again through and draw it
into the healds c to be thereby operated for the reception of the weft after having
and as though it had not, passed or traversed the space above described.
When making use of an idle warp (or the arrangement of ground warp to answer
the purposes of this idle warp) in connection with a loom wherein two shuttles are
thrown simultaneously and the pile fabrics being woven are of the class known as
single backed, I effect the drawing in or threading of the warp threads through the
healds in the order shewn by Fig. 4 the broken lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
indicating or representing the ten shafts or healds, and the spaces between the
parts d d the dents or separate openings in the reed, while the lines a al represent
the idle warp, the ground warp and the pile warp being shewn by the lines and
respectively, in each case the particular shaft or heald through which the respective
threads of warp are drawn or made to pass, as indicated by the letter ..
In looms wherein only one shuttle is thrown across between each beat-up of the
weft when making use of my idle warp or equivalent the drawing in or arrangement
of this warp is shewn by Fig. 5, the figures and letters in this diagram indicating
similar parts to those referred to by the same letters and figures in Fig. 4.
When using looms operating between each beat-up only one shuttle and when
producing double backed fabrics, by "slaying" four ground threads from four
shafts of opposite shed or tread and two pile-threads g on the outside of them,
together with a thread a of the idle warp on the outside of these pile-threads in
each dent for the two pieces as shewn by Fig. 3 (in which the lettering and
figuring is the same as it is in Figs. 4 and 5) more freedom for shedding is allowed
and more certainty in the placing of the pile threads is effected.
In all cases where the idle warp a or a warp arranged so as to be its equivalent,
is employed it is operated by its heald shafts being at the full tread at all times
when the weft is being beaten up.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the weaving of pile fabrics, an idle or supplementary warp that is arranged
to pass through the reed and between the pieces of pile fabric being woven without
in any way being bound to said fabrics or in any interwoven with any weft substan-
tially as and for the purposes specified.
2. In the weaving of pile fabrics, a warp that is used as a guide for the pile warp,
said guide warp being made to pass through the healds, reeds and pieces of pile
fabric being woven and otherwise operated substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
Dated this 14th day of November 1891.