AN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE CARRIAGE OF SOLID AND LIQUID BODIES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Collinson Hall, of Essex, Farmer, for the
Invention of "AN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE CARRIAGE OF SOLID
AND LIQUID BODIES."
Scaled the 4th May 1858, and dated the 5th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Collinson Hall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th November 1852.
I, COLLINSON HALL, of Essex, Farner, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE CARRIAGE
OF SOLID AND LIQUID BODIES" to be as follows, that is to say:
My apparatus consists, firstly, in a revolver or carriage formed by
two large rims, discs, or wheels united as closely as possible by a
central axis or gudgeon, which is provided with shafts, traces, bands,
straps, or chains, through the intervention of which it may be drawn
or driven by horse, steam, or other motive power, of which said
wheels the inner circular surfaces are connected by several rods or
bands of metal, gutta percha, or other material; and the outer circular
surfaces are fitted to bags or other receptacles adapted to the loose,
solid, or fluid matters to be carried, as night soil, sewage, liquid
manure, grains, seeds, cotton, hemp, flax, and various inatters adapted
for the food of cattle, and provided with doors, man-holes, or valves,

page_text: by which the said solid or fluid matters may be introduced or dis-
charged in such manner that the contents of the said bags or
receptacles shall partake the circular or rotatory movement which
is given to the rims, discs, or wheels as the carriage is drawn or driven
along the ground, exactly as if they were contained in a simple
cylindrical rolling vessel.
Secondly, my said apparatus consists in a train or series of revolvers
or carriages similar to the above, which can be drawn by one and the
same motive power, and which is formed by connecting the central axes
or gudgeons of several of the said revolvers or carriages by rods, chains,
bands, or other suitable contrivances.
The advantages to be derived from my apparatus as described under
the first head, consist in a saving of the force requisite for the carriage
of the matters described, which saving results from the momentum or
living force of the fluid or loose solid matters revolving within the rims,
wheels, or dises, as above dessribed, and also from the absence of the
friction arising from the dead weight on the axle trees in ordinary
carriages also from the large circumference of the wheels and their
close approach to one another, which saving has been found by experi-
ment to vary from 800 to 23 per cent. in drawing on level road, and
on inclines progressively steepening till they attain a rise of 7 f. in 24.
These advantages are extended to a greater quantity of matters by the
apparatus described under my second head.
That which I claim as new and of my said Invention in the above
apparatus is, the fitting of receptacles for loose, solid, or for fluid matters
to the outer circular surfaces of the wheels on which they are carried,
wether in sinale carriages or traine
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Collinson Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
COLLINSON HALL, of Essex, Farmer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Collinson Hall, Her special
licence that I, the said Collinson Hall, my exccutors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Collinson Hall, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN APPARATUS TO BE
USED IN THE CARRIAGE OF SOLID AND LIQUID BODIES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Collinson Hall, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Collinson Hall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):
My improvements, which have for their object the conveyance of
loose, solid, and fluid matters, such as night soil, sewage, liquid manure,
and various sorts of grains, seeds, fibrous substances, and animal and
vegetable matters adapted for food, with a smaller exertion of power,
especially over uneven ground, sandy or marshy soils, or in other un-
favourable localitics than has hitherto been requisite, and partly the
continuous agitation of some such matters, such as night soil, sewage,
and liquid manure, during their carriage, wherever such agitation may
be useful in preventing the deposit of a sediment, have reference, firstly,
to the construction and employment of a revolver or carriage formed by
one or more drums or cylindrical vessels, furnished with a central axis
or gudgeon, and with projecting rims or disks provided with shafts,
traces, bands, straps, or chains, through the intervention of which they
may be drawn or driven by horse, steam, or other motive power; the

page_text: inner surface of the said drums or cylindrical vessels, when more than
one are employed in a revolver or carriage, being connected, if required,
by several rods or bands of metal, gutta percha, or other convenient
material, and the outer circular surfaces thereof fitted, if required, to
bags or receptacles adapted to loose, solid, or fluid matters to be carried
in the said revolvers.
My improvements consist, secondly, in constructing and employing
a train or series of carriages or revolvers, similar to the above, which
can be drawn by one and the same motive power, and which is formed
by connecting the central axes or gudgeons of several of the said
revolvers by rods, chains, bands, or other suitable contrivances.
The advantages resulting from my improved arrangements, as above
described, are found to be as follows:-The production of a certain
reserve of force from the revolution of the loose, solid, and fluid
matters, the absence of the friction produced by axle trees, the draft
being direct from the gudgeons, and parallel with the horse's shoulders,
the facility of giving increased height to the drums, and the steady
forward impulse which results from the entire weight being thrown
within twelve inches above the road, will altogether effectuate a saving
n draught varying from fifty per cent. on a common highway, and
upwards. At the same time the shaft horses, in going down a hill,
are less liable to be shaken or injured, inasmuch as they will have
greater command over the vehicle from their breeching being in a
right line with the gudgeons, and from the total absence of weight or
pressure upon their backs.
But in order that these my said improvements may be more fully
understood, and readily carried into effect in the various applications
of which they are susceptible as to the carriage and distribution of
liquid manure, night soil, urine, sewage water, distillers' wash, and
brewers' grains, to land rolling, to the supplying of pure fresh or salt
water for domestic use, and to the carriage of gunpowder, ball, and
ammunition, flour, sugar, seeds, hemp, hides, corn, lime, and tallow,
also to street sweeping, churning, and washing grains and roots, I will
proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings, reference being had
to the letters and figures thereon marked (that is to say): Fig. 1,

page_text: represents a side elevation of one of my cask revolvers or carriages, and
Fig. 2, a top or plan view thereof. In each Figure the same letters
of reference denote similar corresponding parts. A, A, cask or revolver,
rolling or turning upon a common axle bearing B, B, concentrically
passed through and secured to the ends of the cask, as in manner
shown; C, C, carriage framing; D, D, metallic discs or tires, firmly
fixed to the periphery of the cask or revolver, upon which the whole
machinery or apparatus turns; E, E, shafts for single harness; F, F,
man hole, which may be closed or secured in any convenient manner,
and through which the revolver may be charged or discharged of its
contents. Fig. 3, represents a side elevation, and Fig. 4, a top or plan
view of a revolver, applicable to the distribution of liquid manure, the
watering of roads, and other purposes, for which I cause the revolver or
cylindrical vessel, as before described, to be charged or fitted through
its man hole, and the orifice thereof properly closed or secured; the dis-
tribution of the water or liquid manure is then effected by the short
arm of a syphon passing downwards into the fluid, while the long arm
communicates externally with a discharge trough or shoot by which the
said fluid may be distributed. A, A, is the revolver; B, B, metal discs
or tires upon which the revolver is propelled; C, C, hollow shaft or
gudgeon through which the syphon passes into the body of the revolver;
D, D, syphon; E, E, distributing trough or shoot; F, F, feed pipe,
which also passes through the gudgeon into the body of the revolver
and supplies air to the interior, assisting the discharge of the fluid
through the syphon; G, G, shafts for double harness; H, H', valve and
lever for regulating the flow of the liquid through the trough. I prefer
to manufacture this revolver of wrought iron or other thin metal, for
the
purpose of obtaining a light and durable construction, though wood
or other convenient material may be substituted. Fig. 5, represents a
side elevation of a locomotive engine drawing two revolvers, which are
framed together for the purpose of being propelled upon common roads
by the agency of steam or other motive power, as in manner shown.
A, A, locomotive engine; B, B, strap wheels, mounted upon the carriage
of the engine for the purpose of communicating motion to the revolvers;
C, C, the revolvers or cylindrical vessels; D, D, axis or central gudgeon;

page_text: E, E, carriage framing coupling the said revolvers together; F, F,
driving bands or straps passing over the periphery of the revolvers and
round the driving strap wheels B, B; G, G, driving gear for locomotive
engines. Figs. 6, and 7, show similar corresponding views of a modi-
fication of the last-mentioned arrangement, for the purpose of propelling
my revolvers upon railways. A, A, represents the revolver; B, B, the
central axis; C, C, the framing; D, D, running flanged wheels; E, the
rail.
My revolver, as shown in the first two Figures, is applicable to the
carriage of brewers grains for the food of cows or pigs, the carriage of
gunpowder and ammunition, and of lime, flour, sugar, hides, and other
animal and vegetable substances above enumerated. When it is required
to apply this apparatus to the washing of roots, as turnips, mangel
wurzel, or potatoes, the said roots are placed in the revolver with a
little fresh water, and are cleaned during their carriage by the motion
of the revolver, after which the water can be let off. If two revolvers
be drawn by horse power along a level road, then on arriving at the
foot of a hill they may be disconnected and drawn up separately.
My improvements above described as applicable to the distribution
of liquid manure, ensure its equal strength and thickness on the land
wherever it is distributed by the syphon; a seed drill may also be
attached to the frame of the apparatus for the sowing of turnips,
mangel wurzel, or other seeds. The carriage may be made of an
eighteen gallon cask for the amateur, or up to 1500 gallons for
highways or parks. The sewage of the metropolis might be carried
along the railways ten or twenty miles into the country, without any
cost beyond that of laying down the pipes, and pumping the fluid to
the required height, and might then be dispersed over the fields at a
comparatively trifling expense by the revolver. When the revolver is
employed as a night-soil waggon, or for the removal of urine from
stations and hospitals, it may be made air-tight, so as to pass through
the streets without offensiveness, and constructed to be filled by the
vacuum principle, or by Deane and Dray's apparatus, the pump being
worked by the motion of the revolver. The revolver for railway
propulsion above described, would be particularly serviceable for the

page_text: carriage of salt water to the metropolis for baths and other purposes.
My revolver churn is furnished with beaters, turned by the motion of
the drum, and can be worked by a donkey or a poney. When applied
to street sweeping the advantage of my revolver consists in the smaller
draft and greater compactness of the apparatus; and the wheels acting
upon a large circumference will produce less friction upon the brushes;
the dirt will be delivered into a sort of hopper that opens twice or three
times upon each revolution of the drum.
Having now fully described the nature of my said improvements,
and in what manner they are to be carried into effect, I would have it
clearly understood that I do not by any means confine myself to the
precise details herein-before given, as the same may be varied without
departing from the general principle of my Invention; but that which I
do claim as new and of my said improvements is,―
Firstly, the construction and employment of a revolver or carriage,
formed by drums or cylindrical vessels, or by a drum or cylindrical
vessel furnished with rims or disks, and with a central axis or gudgeon,
in the manner described and set forth; and,
Secondly, the construction and employment of a train or series of
the aforesaid revolvers or carriages, connected in the manner above
mentioned, for the purposes set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Collinson Hall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, A.D. One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.