IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS OR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Gybbon Spilsbury, of Chaud Fontaine, in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Gentleman, and Frederick William Emerson;
of Stable Hobba, in the County of Cornwall, Manufacturing Chemist,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS OR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Gybbon Spilsbury
and Frederick William Emerson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th September 1855.
We, FRANCIS GYBBON SPILSBURY, of Chaud-fontaine, in the Kingdon of
Belgium, Gentleman, and FREDERICK WILLIAM EMERSON, of Stable Hobba,
near Penzance, in the County of Cornwall, Manufacturing Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PAINTS AND PIGMENTS" to be as follows:--
This Invention consists of the application, in the manufacture of paints or
pigments, of the following oxides and acids, in combination with tungstic acid,
with or without oxide of lead or other ingredients.
For these purposes, in manufacturing pigments or paints, one or more of
the following matters is or are combined with tungstic acid, viz', oxide of zinc,
oxide of lime, antimonic oxide, allumina, magnesia, baryta, strontia, arsenious
or arsenic acid, antimonic or antimonious acid; and with such combinations of

page_text: tungstic acid, oxide of lead with or without other matters may be combined;
but no claim is made to the simple combination of oxide of lead with tungstic
acid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francis Gybbon Spilsbury and Frederick William Emerson
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th March 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, FRANCIS
GYBBON SPILSBURY, of Chaud Fontaine, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Gentle-
man, and FREDERICK WILLIAM EMERSON, of Stable Hobba, in the County, of
Cornwall, Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Francis Gybbon Spilsbury and Frederick William Emerson, Her special
licence that we, the said Francis Gybbon Spilsbury and Frederick William
Emerson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Francis Gybbon Spilsbury and Frederick William Emerson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS
OR PIGMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that they, the said Francis
Gybbon Spilsbury and Frederick William Emerson, their executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Gybbon Spilsbury, for and on
behalf of myself and the said Frederick William Emerson, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our Invention consists in combining tungstic acid with either oxide of zinc,
oxide of calcium (lime), antimonic oxide, oxide of aluminium (alumina), oxide of

page_text: magnesium, oxide of barium, or oxide of strontium. To effect this, we dissolve
any soluble salt of either of the aforesaid oxides, as the muriates, nitrates, or
acetates, in water, to which we add a solution of tungstate of soda, or other
soluble tungstate, in the proportion of their respective equivalents; by which we
mean, that supposing we were combining tungstic acid with oxide of barium,
we should weigh one hundred and five parts of chloride of barium, deprived of
its water of crystallisation, or 131 parts of nitrate of barium (105 and 131 being
their respective chemical equivalents), and dissolve it in water; we should then
weigh 148 parts of tungstate of soda, deprived of its water of crystallisation (148
being the equivalent of that salt), and having dissolved that also in water, we
pour the solution into the solution of the salt of barytes; a precipitate ensues,
which when washed and dried is to be ground with oil, varnish, or other proper
vehicle in the usual manner to form a paint or pigment. In the same way, by
substituting solutions of the salts of lime or other of the aforesaid oxides for the
solution of barytes, and pouring into them solutions of tungstate of soda or
other soluble tungstates, we procure precipitates, which when washed and dried
are ground in oil, varnish, or other proper vehicle in the usual manner to form
paints or pigments. We also combine the tungstates of the aforesaid oxides
with lead. To effect this combination, we mix, with an equivalent of either of
the solutions of the salts of the foregoing oxides, a solution of a similar salt
of lead, in the proportion of their respective equivalents. To this compound
solution we add a solution of a double equivalent of tungstate of soda, and the
resulting precipitate, washed and dried, ground in oil, varnish, or other proper
vehicle in the ordinary manner, is the paint or pigment desired. As an example,
suppose it is wished to combine tungstate of lead with tungstate of lime: we
dissolve 82 parts of nitrate of lime, deprived of its water of crystallisation, and
166 parts of nitrate of lead, in water; to this compound solution we add
148×2 296 parts of anhydrous tungstate of soda, previously dissolved in
water. The resulting precipitate is the tungstate of lime and lead. In like
manner may be produced any other compounds of tungstic acid and oxide of
lead with the aforesaid oxides, as the carbonate or sulphate of oxide of lead, by
substituting one equivalent of tungstate of soda, plus one equivalent of car-
bonate or sulphate of soda for the above-described two equivalents of tungstate
of soda. Such mixtures may also be prepared by simply mixing the tungstates
of lime, barytes, &c. previously prepared, in the manner already described,
with tungstate, carbonate, or sulphate of lead; but we prefer the mode of
combining by precipitation, just described, as the mixture is more intimate
and perfect. It is to be remarked, that it is important to the stability of the
compound that the solution of the tungstate of soda should be poured into the

page_text: solution of the salts of lead or other salts, and not these solutions into the
solution of tungstate of soda.
To combine the above-described several tungstates, mixed or simple, with
the acids of arsenic or antimony, we proceed as follows:-We make a solution
of tungstate of soda, potash, or ammonia, in which we dissolve also an
equivalent of an arsenite, arseniate, antimonite, or antimoniate of soda, potash,
or ammonia, preferring only, when the acids of antimony are to be operated on,
potash or ammonia, on account of the insolubility of the antimoniate of soda.
This compound solution we pour into a solution of a salt of one of the aforesaid
oxides, and wash and dry the precipitate which ensues. For example, suppose
we wish to combine tungstic acid with oxide of strontium, oxide of lead, and
arsenious acid, we dissolve 106 parts. of anhydrous nitrate of strontian and
166 parts of nitrate of lead in water. Into this solution we pour a solution
of 148 parts of anhydrous tungstate of soda and 162 parts of crystallised
arseniate of soda. The resulting precipitate washed and dried is to be ground
.in oil, varnish, or other proper vehicle in the usual manner to form a paint
or pigment.
We claim, firstly, the use of the tungstates of oxides of zinc, calcium
(lime), antimony, aluminium, magnesium, barium, or strontium, as paints
or pigments.
Secondly, we claim any combination or mixture of two or more of the
aforesaid tungstates.
Thirdly, although we disclaim the simple combination of tungstate of lead
as a pigment, that having been already secured by a previous Patent, we claim
all mixtures or combinations of the above-mentioned tungstates with oxide of
lead in whatever manner produced.
Lastly, we claim all mixtures of the aforesaid tungstates, whether with or
without oxide of lead, with the antimonites, antimoniates, arsenites, or arseniates
of any of the aforesaid bases when applied to the manufacture of paints or
pigments.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Gybbon Spilsbury, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
FRANCIS GIDDON SPILSDURI. (L.S.)