IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH WATERCLOSETS.
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Pawson, of 87, Westgate, Grantham, in the County
of Lincoln, Plumber, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED
WITH WATERCLOSETS.
"
Sealed the 13th July 1877, and dated the 17th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1877.
WILLIAM PAWSON, of 87, Westgate, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln,
Plumber. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH WATERCLOSETS."
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with waterclosets, and
consists-Firstly, in constructing closet pans with a bellied or broad lower part,
and with a somewhat narrowed upper part, or with parallel sides to form a well or
bason in which the water can be held in volume. The pan is of oval form in cross
section and shaped that no soil can drop on or otherwise adhere to disfigure it.
The bottom of the pan leads to a neck or passage terminated by a valve which fits
a seating upon it, the upper part being a chamber in connection with the neck and
the pan for holding water, to effect a water sealing between the pan and the drain.
Below the valve is a bend up and along which the water, when the valve is opened,
is caused to pass to enter the drain proper; the bend also forms a trap. The water
to supply the pan may be from the usual overhead cistern, the seat valve being so
arranged in connection with the cistern outlet, that the opening of one closes the
other, and, vice versa.
The Invention consists, secondly, in fitting a closet supply cistern under the closet
seat in order that the closet can be furnished with water therefrom to charge the
pan, as required. This seat cistern can take its water from the main or from an
overhead cistern, the supply from it to the pan being controlled by valve gearing or
connections to be emptied to flush the pan each time the closet is used, and
following the discharge of the water from the pan, or after the closet has been
emptied and the valve returned to its seating.
The Invention consists, thirdly, in making the water aperture at the bottom
of the pan in order that the charging with water may take place from the lower
part, the supply being caused to rise within the pan to the required height. This

page_text: charging by the bottom is specially adapted to the well pan referred to at the first
part of this Invention, and is applicable to other forms or shapes of pans in which a
charge of water is kept after each use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Pawson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
July 1877.
WILLIAM PAWSON, of 87, Westgate, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Plumber.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH WATERCLOSETS."
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with waterclosets, and
is clearly exemplified in the annexed Drawings and by the following description
thereof. It consists, firstly, in constructing. closet pans A, Figure 1, with a bellied
or broad lower part B, and with a somewhat narrowed upper part C, or with
parallel sides to form a well or bason in which the water can be held in volume.
The pan is preferably of oval form in cross section and shaped that no soil can drop
on or otherwise adhere to disfigure it. The bottom of the pan leads to a neck or
passage D terminated by a valve E which fits a seating F upon its upper face, the
part G above the valve being a chamber in connection with the neck of the pan for
holding water to effect a water sealing between the pan and bend H or the drain.
I purpose however in all cases to have below the valve a bend H, up and along
which the water, when the valve E is opened, is caused to pass to enter the drain
proper, the bend also serving as a trap against the passage of sewage gas. The
water supply may be from the usual overhead cistern, the seat valve E and its hand
pull I being so arranged in connection with the cistern outlet that the opening of
one closes the other, and vice versa.
In the Drawing, Figure 1, I have shown one of my closet appliances complete in
section, for the purpose of showing how I intend fitting them for an overhead
supply of water by the pipe J and spreader or flushing rim K, which may be at the
side or at the back part of the pan as desired. The supply valve of the cistern is
actuated by the bell crank L, or it may be by some other appliance to draw off the
quantity for the next charge of the pan.
The Invention consists, secondly, in fitting a closet cistern M, answering for
supply regulator and water waste preventer alongside the pan, and preferably under
the closet seat N, as in Figure 2, in order that the closet can be furnished with
water therefrom to charge the pan as required. This seat cistern can take its
water from the main or from an overhead cistern. The supply of water from the
cistern M to the pan A, which in this view is of the ordinary construction and
shape, except that the water inlet is at the bottom instead of at the top, is
controlled by valve gearing or connections to ensure the pan being emptied and
well flushed each time the closet is used, and following the discharge of the water
from the pan or after the closet has been emptied and the valve returned to its
seating.
The charging of the pans with water by an aperture at the lower part, as just
explained, forms the third distinct part of this Invention, the object being that the
water shall be caused to rise within the pan to the required height, which is
determined by the capacity of the supply cistern or the quantity supplied to it by
self-closing mechanism. This charging by the bottom is specially adapted to the
well pan, shown in Figure 3, which is simply dropped into the casing upon which it
rests by its rim. The bottom of this pan is inclined and has a large opening in it
near the flow pipe D to permit the soil and the first body of water to leave the pan
in bulk, the remaining water from the pan and from the chamber between the pan
and the casing following to flush them, and also the flow pipe D. The bottom and
side wall are preferably perforated as shown.

page_text: The pan may however have a partition to cover a portion of its lower part; this
partition and also a portion of the lower sides of the pan may be perforated. The
partition terminates near where the outlet aperture commences, in order that the
soil may be carried away at the first opening of the pipe valve E, the remaining
water in the pan following through the perforations before entering the soil pipe.
The
pan by this arrangement is distinct from all attachments, pipes, connections,
and other appliances, and by being simply dropped or laid in position on the rim or
edge of the outer casing, it can be removed, should occasion require it, without
disturbing the metallic parts or any joints or connections.
•
Figure 4 represents in section a modification in which the actual water supply to
the pan A is direct from the service or from an overhead cistern by the pipe J¹ to
the upper part of the pan, the flow to which is regulated by a ball valve in the
cistern M, arranged by the side of the pan and under the closet seat N. P is an
open ended connection in which is a valve Q for opening the passage a leading to
the flow pipe D when the lever R is acted upon by the depression of the handle I
after each use of the closet. In this arrangement the valve E which is weighted is
loose upon the stein of the pull handle I in order to close itself independently of the
handle which has a descending motion of its own after the valve E is upon its
seating. The stem of the pull handle is slotted, and when the pull handle is lifted,
the lever R is permitted to tilt on its pivot pin b by the superior weight of the
valve Qwhich is weighted for the purpose, and so close the passage a, the water
from the pan and flow pipe D then passes through the trap or bend H to the soil
pipe in the usual manner. During this time the water in the connection P and in
the cistern M is shut off by the valve Q being closed, and on the full return of the
handle I the top of the slot presses upon the lever end c to cause the valve Q to lift
from its seating; this allows the water to pass from the connection P into the flow
pipe D, and in consequence of the attachment of the connection P with the cistern M
by the pipe J, the water from the cistern also passes by the connection P into the
flow pipe D and partly charges it; the outlet of the water from the cistern by the
pipe J causes the ball to lower itself, and the service valve to open; by which the
flow pipe becomes fully charged; and also the pan by the top supply by the pipe J¹,
which continues until the water from the flow pipe D rises in the connection P, from
which the cistern M is charged and the lift of the ball occasioned thereby, to shut
off the service when the proper level of water in the pan has been attained.
S is an overflow pipe from the cistern; this is intended to be carried to the out-
side of the closet to indicate that the water arrangement or the appliances are out
of order; the pipe S may however be led into a drain if desired. By this arrange-
ment no water can pass into the pan from the cistern while the handle I is up,
neither can the water be allowed to run to waste nor the service supply valve be
acted upon after the cistern is charged until the closet is again used and the
contents of the pan discharged. Neither does the water within the pan become
contaminated with sewage gas because of the valve E being between the pan water
and the water in the bend H. This arrangement is applicable to the plans shown
in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
Firstly. Constructing closet pans of larger diameter at bottom than at top by
which a well or bason is formed at the lower part, as set forth and substantially as
shown in Figures 1 and 3 of the annexed Drawings, to hold water in bulk and to
prevent soil dropping on or adhering and disfiguring said
pan.
Secondly. I claim fitting a closet supply cistern alongside a closet pan preferably
under the seat of same that the water may be furnished to the pan therefrom, as
described and substantially as shown in the annexed Drawings.
Thirdly. I claim making the water inlet of closet pans at the bottom in order
that the water may rise therein and be stored for each use, as described and sub-
stantially as shown in the annexed Drawings.
Fourthly. I claim the arrangement of appliances substantially shown in Figure 4

page_text: of the annexed Drawings, by which at each use of a closet a single flushing and
cleansing of the pan is effected, and a recharging of the pan (after the valve is
reclosed) by water partly from a connection and partly from a cistern through the
bottom of the pan, the completion of the recharging of the pan, the connection and
the cistern being effected by an inflow of water from the upper part of the pan, as
described, or to a pan casing if the pan be temporarily fitted, as described with
reference to Figure 3 of the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Pawson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-seven.
1
WILLIAM PAWSON. (L.S.)