IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE VALVES AND PASSAGES FOR EFFECTING THE INDUCTION AND EDUCTION OF STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 32, Essex
Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE VALVES AND PASSAGES FOR EFFECTING THE INDUCTION AND
EDUCTION OF STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES." -A communication.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES AND PASSAGES POR EFFECTING THE INDUCTION
AND EDUCTION OF STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES," a communication, to be as follows,
viz.:-
This Invention is applicable to reciprocating steam engines of every descrip-
tion, whether the power of the engine is transmitted from the piston through a
crank, as in locomotives, marine engines, and stationary engines, for ordinary
purposes, to produce rotary motion, or directly by the piston rod, where no
rotary motion is required, as in working a piston pump, saws, or such like
operations, the valves receiving motion from the piston rod or cross head of the
engine piston, the said valves being cylindrical with beveled edges, or the

page_text: equivalents thereof, working between seats which surround the induction and
eduction ports.
Between each two corresponding induction and eduction ports is a cylin-
drical cavity, larger than the said ports, & each receives one of the cylindrical
valves, which are connected to the same valve rod. Both ends of these valves
are beviled or conical, & the ends of the cavities in which they work are
beveled correspondingly around the ports to form two valve seats. From
the bottom of the cavities are passages leading to the steam cylinder, &
extending from one to the other of the valve seats. The valve rod has two
stops, between which plays a tappet arm secured to the piston rod, & previous
to the termination of the stroke of the engine piston the tappet arm strikes
one of the stops, & moves the valve rod to reverse the position of the valves, so
as to give a lead to the steam. Instead of the cylindrical valves, double
conical valves may be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th January 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of No. 32, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the, nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that I, the
said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my
executors,-administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES AND PASSAGES
FOR EFFICTING THE INDUCTION AND EDUCTION OF STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES,"
(a communication,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This Invention is applicable to reciprocating steam engines of every descrip-
tion, whether the power of the engine is transmitted from the piston through a
crank, as in locomotives, marine engines, and stationary engines, for ordinary
purposes, to produce rotary motion, or directly by the piston rod, where no
rotary motion is required, as in working a piston pump or saws, the valves
receiving motion from the piston rod or cross head of the engine piston.
As a convenient illustration of the application of the Invention, I have
represented in the accompanying Drawing, which forms part of this Specifica-
tion, a horizontal pumping engine, with the steam cylinder and pump arranged
in line, the pump piston being attached directly to the piston rod of the steam
engine piston.
Fig. 1 is a plan of the engine and pump with the steam chest F of the
engine, in section, showing the passages and valves; Fig. 2 is a central vertical
section of the same; and Fig. 3, a transverse section of the steam cylinder and
its steam chest. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in
the several Figures.
A is the steam cylinder; B, its piston; C, the piston rod; D, the pump
piston; and E, the pump cylinder; F is the steam chest, placed above the
steam cylinder and extending the whole length thereof; a, Figs. 1 and 3, is
the induction steam pipe, entering the steam chest on one side and conveying
steam to a chamber a'; and b is the eduction steam pipe, at the opposite side
of the steam chest, communicating with a chamber b¹. Between these two
chambers a¹ and 6', which are side by side, there are at each end a transverse
passage c, and two passages d and e, which run parallel with the steam cylinder,
the passages c and d communicating with the eduction chamber U, and the
passage e with the steam chamber a¹. The passages e, e, constitute the induc-
tion ports, and d, d, the eduction ports. Between each two corresponding
induction and eduction ports e and d, there is a cylindrical cavity, which is
larger than the said ports, and each of these cylindrical cavities receives one of
the two cylindrical metal valves f, f, which are both securely connected to the
same valve rod 9₁ which is parallel with the piston rod c, and works through a
stuffing box m at one end of the steam chest and in a guide n at the other.

page_text: Both ends of these valves f,f, are beveled or conical to make them double
valves, and the ends of the cylindrical cavities in which they work are beveled
correspondingly around the ports d and e, to form two valve seats. From the
bottom of the cylindrical cavities containing the valves f, f, there are passages
h, h, see Fig. 2, leading into the steam cylinder. These passages h, h, extend
from one to the other of the two conical valve seats, as shown in Fig. 2, and
there must always be communication from each end of the steam cylinder by
means of these passages, either with its induction or eduction chamber a¹ or b¹,
through its induction or eduction port e or d, one end of the cylinder being of
course in communication with the induction chamber, while the other is with
the eduction chamber.
The valve rod is furnished with two stops i and , faced with india-rubber
or leather, between which plays a tappet arm j, which is secured to the piston
rod, and just before the termination of the stroke of the engine piston in either
direction, the tappet arm strikes one of the said stops, and moves the valve rod
to reverse the position of the valves, so as to give a lead to the steam to over-
come the inertia of the piston, and instantly start it on its return stroke. The
action of the valves will be easily understood by reference to Fig. 2, where the
induction port e at the right-hand end of the cylinder, and the eduction port d
at the left-hand end, are shown open, the steam entering the cylinder being
indicated by the arrow 1, and leaving it by the arrow 2, and the piston con-
sequently moving to the left; but just before the termination of the stroke the
tappet arm will strike the stop on the valve rod, and drive the valves into
the opposite seats, opening the induction port e at the left hand of the cylinder,
and the eduction port d at the right, thus instantly reversing the action of the
steam, and causing the return of the piston. As the valves are nearly balanced,
it requires but a slight force to operate them.
It may be well here to direct attention to the manner in which the valves
are got into their places, viz., constructing the cavities which receive them in
the cylinder heads, and by making the entire stuffing box m in a separate
piece-to-screw into the cylinder head. It may be also well to remark, though
it will be well understood by any engineer of ordinary capacity, that instead of
the cylindrical valves double conical valves may be employed, and would be
equivalent, as the cylindrical valves do not form pistons, and do not require to
fit tightly in the cavity between the ports. If for any purpose a single-acting
engine should be desired, only a single valve and set of ports and passages
will be required.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be distinctly

page_text: understood that what I claim as novel, and being secured to me by the herein-
before in parts recited Letters Patents, is, a cylindrical valve or valves with
beveled edges, or the equivalents thereof, working between seats which surround
the induction and eduction ports, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 32, Essex
Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE VALVES AND PASSAGES FOR EFFECTING THE INDUCTION AND
EDUCTION OF STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES."-A communication.
Sealed the 8th January 1856, and dated the 18th July 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th July 1855.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of No. 32, Essex Street, Strand,
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES AND PASSAGES FOR EFFECTING THE INDUCTION
AND EDUCTION OF STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES," a communication, to be as follows,
viz.—
This Invention is applicable to reciprocating steam engines of every descrip-
tion, whether the power of the engine is transmitted from the piston through a
crank, as in locomotives, marine engines, and stationary engines, for ordinary
purposes, to produce rotary motion, or directly by the piston rod, where no
rotary motion is required, as in working a piston pump, saws, or such like
operations, the valves receiving motion from the piston rod or cross head of the
engine piston, the said valves being cylindrical with beveled edges, or the

page_text: equivalents thereof, working between seats which surround the induction and
eduction ports.
Between each two corresponding induction and eduction ports is a cylin-
drical cavity, larger than the said ports, & each receives one of the cylindrical
valves, which are connected to the same valve rod. Both ends of these valves
are beviled or conical, & the ends of the cavities in which they work are
beveled correspondingly around the ports to form two valve seats. From
the bottom of the cavities are passages leading to the steam cylinder, &
extending from one to the other of the valve seats. The valve rod has two
stops, between which plays a tappet arm secured to the piston rod, & previous
to the termination of the stroke of the engine piston the tappet arm strikes
one of the stops, & moves the valve rod to reverse the position of the valves, so
as to give a lead to the steam. Instead of the cylindrical valves, double
conical valves may be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th January 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of No. 32, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that I, the
said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES AND PASSAGES
FOR EFFECTING THE INDUCTION AND EDUCTION OF STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES,'
(a communication,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This Invention is applicable to reciprocating steam engines of every descrip-
tion, whether the power of the engine is transmitted from the piston through a
crank, as in locomotives, marine engines, and stationary engines, for ordinary
purposes, to produce rotary motion, or directly by the piston rod, where no
rotary motion is required, as in working a piston pump or saws, the valves
receiving motion from the piston rod or cross head of the engine piston.
As a convenient illustration of the application of the Invention, I have
represented in the accompanying Drawing, which forms part of this Specifica-
tion, a horizontal pumping engine, with the steam cylinder and pump arranged
in line, the pump piston being attached directly to the piston rod of the steam
engine piston.
Fig. 1 is a plan of the engine and pump with the steam chest F of the
engine, in section, showing the passages and valves; Fig. 2 is a central vertical
section of the same; and Fig. 3, a transverse section of the steam cylinder and
its steam chest. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in
the several Figures.
A is the steam cylinder; B, its piston; C, the piston rod; D, the pump
piston; and E, the pump cylinder; F is the steam chest, placed above the
steam cylinder and extending the whole length thereof; a, Figs. 1 and 3, is
the induction steam pipe, entering the steam chest on one side and conveying
steam to a chamber a'; and b is the eduction steam pipe, at the opposite side
of the steam chest, communicating with a chamber . Between these two
chambers a and b, which are side by side, there are at each end a transverse
passage c, and two passages d and e, which run parallel with the steam cylinder,
the passages c and d communicating with the eduction chamber ¹, and the
passage e with the steam chamber a'. The passages e, e, constitute the induc-
tion ports, and d, d, the eduction ports. Between each two corresponding
induction and eduction ports e and d, there is a cylindrical cavity, which is
larger than the said ports, and each of these cylindrical cavities receives one of
the two cylindrical metal valves f. f, which are both securely connected to the
same valve rod g, which is parallel with the piston rod c, and works through a
stuffing box m at one end of the steam chest and in a guide n at the other.

page_text: Both ends of these valves f, f, are beveled or conical to make them double
valves, and the ends of the cylindrical cavities in which they work are beveled
correspondingly around the ports d and e, to form two valve seats. From the
bottom of the cylindrical cavities containing the valves f, f, there are passages
h, h, see Fig. 2, leading into the steam cylinder. These passages h, h, extend
from one to the other of the two conical valve seats, as shown in Fig. 2, and
there must always be communication from each end of the steam cylinder by
means of these passages, either with its induction or eduction chamber a¹ or b¹,
through its induction or eduction port e or d, one end of the cylinder being of
course in communication with the induction chamber, while the other is with
the eduction chamber.
The valve rod is furnished with two stops i and ¹, faced with india-rubber
or leather, between which plays a tappet arm j, which is secured to the piston
rod, and just before the termination of the stroke of the engine piston in either
direction, the tappet arm strikes one of the said stops, and moves the valve rod
to reverse the position of the valves, so as to give a lead to the steam to over-
come the inertia of the piston, and instantly start it on its return stroke. The
action of the valves will be easily understood by reference to Fig. 2, where the
induction port e at the right-hand end of the cylinder, and the eduction port d
at the left-hand end, are shown open, the steam entering the cylinder being
indicated by the arrow 1, and leaving it by the arrow 2, and the piston con-
sequently moving to the left; but just before the termination of the stroke the
tappet arm will strike the stop on the valve rod, and drive the valves into
the opposite seats, opening the induction port e at the left hand of the cylinder,
and the eduction port d at the right, thus instantly reversing the action of the
steam, and causing the return of the piston. As the valves are nearly balanced,
it requires but a slight force to operate them.
It may be well here to direct attention to the manner in which the valves
are got into their places, viz., constructing the cavities which receive them in
the cylinder heads, and by making the entire stuffing box m in a separate
-piece to screw into the cylinder head. It may be also well to remark, though
it will be well understood by any engineer of ordinary capacity, that instead of
the cylindrical valves double conical valves may be employed, and would be
equivalent, as the cylindrical valves do not form pistons, and do not require to
fit tightly in the cavity between the ports. If for any purpose a single-acting
engine should be desired, only a single valve and set of ports and] passages
will be required.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be distinctly

page_text: understood that what I claim as novel, and being secured to me by the herein-
before in parts recited Letters Patents, is, a cylindrical valve or valves with
beveled edges, or the equivalents thereof, working between seats which surround
the induction and eduction ports, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)