IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POWER Looms
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernard Hudson, Gentleman, residing at No. 25,
Gloucester Crescent, Regent's Park, London, County of Middlesex, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POWER Looms."-
A communication from abroad by Mr. François Loret Vermeersch, of
Brussels, Belgium.
Sealed the 8th November 1861, and dated the 16th May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernard Hudson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
May 1861.
I, BERNARD HUDSON, Gentleman, residing at No. 25, Gloucester Crescent,
Regent's Park, London, County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POWER LOOMS,'
(a communication to me from abroad by Mr. François Loret Vermeersch, of
Brussels, Belgium,) to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in, 1st, the mechanism giving movement to the
shuttle.
2nd, the arrangement of the mechanism giving moveinent to the blades.
3rd, the application of Jacquard's machine with the improvements to fancy.
weaving.
4th, the mechanism giving movement to the shuttle boxes.

page_text: 5th, the new mechanism giving a variable movement to the working of the
shuttles.
6th, the new mechanism for drawing back the thread of the weft.
7th, the mechanism for rolling up the cloth.
8th, the mode of unrolling the warp.
9th, a new arrangement for stopping the loom.
10th, a new mechanism for band weaving.
Mechanism giving movement to the shuttle.-At each extremity of the two
sticks baving movement communicated to them a strap is fixed. These straps
are also attached beneath the shuttle (battant) and are connected in the
middle with other straps, the ends of which are fastened to lathes having their
centre of movement in small supports, and working at their upper extremities
between two drivers, and held together at their lower extremities by a spiral
spring serving to hold back the lathes.
Mechanism giving movement to the blades.-An axle with its cog wheel
eccentrics and pressure lever is placed outside the loom. The blades are put
in movement by levers placed vertically and having their centre of movement
in a support bolted to the frame of the loom. These levers are furnished at
their lower extremities with small pullies working between the two knees of
the eccentric.
Application of Jacquard's machine with the improvements to fancy weaving.
The machine is placed in the usual manner above the loom on the two longitudinal
cross pieces of the frame, and is put in movement in the following manner :-
At the lower end of the motive shaft an eccentric is placed, which in its
rotary movement presses a pulley and lever. The latter has its centre of
movement in a support bolted to the longitudinal cross piece, and at its lower
extremity a screw cramp is hooked, the upper end of the cramp being hooked
to the other lever which is mounted on a sinall axle furnished with two pivots
resting in supports. The lower extremity of the last-mentioned lever is
jointed to a small vertical rod, which in turn is jointed to a third lever.
This lever after traversing the two small uprights of the machine serving as
guide is prolonged beyond the loom and takes its centre of movement in a
support, the lower extremity of which is bolted to the cross piece. A
moveable ruler is suspended to the lever serving to raise two hooks, together
with their corresponding blades. This ruler oscillating between two pivots
is pressed by a small spring, so that when the lever descends the ruler meets
the hooks which have not been raised, and which oblige the ruler to oscillate
without experiencing the least resistance. The lever serves to raise the
hinder blades higher than the foremost ones. By this arrangement the

page_text: eccentric gives the movement to the lever, which transmits it by the screw
cramp to the upper lever, which turning on its axis raises by its inner
extremity the small vertical rod as well as the third lever. This movement
is repeated at each revolution of the eccentric. All the hooks of the machine
are flattened as well as the holes of the needles which they traverse.
Mechanism giving movement to the shuttle boxes.-At each extremity of
the loom a shuttle box is placed, each shuttle box being divided into three
compartments, in which the shuttles are placed. These boxes are placed
vertically traversing the shuttle (battant) and are guided in their ascending
and descending movement by a rod fixed in the shuttle (battant). Against
the back of the boxes two small side-bars are adapted, sliding on the rod and
holding the boxes in their centre of gravity. At the two extremities of each of
the boxes a second rod is hooked, which also hooks to a screw cramp, which in
turn is attached to a lever having its centre of movement on a small axle fixed
in the support of the cross beam. Towards the end of this lever, as well as its
extremity, pass freely two small screw cramps each of which is hooked to a
lever. These levers have their centre of movement on a small axle held in the
support of the cross beam, each extremity of the levers being attached to
the corresponding hook.
Mechanism giving a variable movement to the working of the shuttles.
About the middle of the length of two sticks, which take their centre of
movement in a cast-iron support bolted to the cross beams of the frame, two
pieces of steel are fixed, the upper surface of which represents an arc. Straps
are attached to the lower extremity of these sticks and are fixed below the
shuttles (battant). To the middle of these straps others are attached, which
passing the guides, are connected with two lathes, the lower extremities of
which are jointed to horizontal levers, which in turn are connected with
small wooden uprights. The upper extremities of these uprights are fixed
against each of the extremities of the shuttle (battant) and about the middle
of the length of each of them a spiral spring is adapted, hooking on to the
lathes. These springs serve to hold back the lathes, together with the
sticks, which are there attached. The upper extremities of the lathes work
between the drivers, each of which slides on a steel rod adapted outside in
the front of the shuttle (battant).
The inotive shaft, which is of a square form, bears towards the middle of
its length a crank furnished at the end with a steel pulley. At each turn of
the motive shaft the pulley presses the steel pieces above mentioned, so that the
sticks are rapidly lowered, drawing the straps and lathes, propelling the drivers,
and setting the shuttles in motion.

page_text: The manner in which the variable movement is given is as follows:-The
two levers, attached at their inner extremities to hooks by means of small
screw rods, have their centre of movement on a small axle fixed to the cross
beam. At the outer extremities of these levers are jointed two rods, which are
also jointed, to opposite ends of a small horizontal lever fixed on an axle, which
axle bears at each extremity a pivot, one of which turns in the frame and the
other in a small support screwed to the cross beam of the frame. This axle
also bears a small vertical lever, the end of which is jointed to a horizontal
rod, which is in turn jointed to another small lever. This last has its centre
of movement beneath against the cross beam of the frame, and bears at
its inner extremity a small button working in a groove in a crank sliding
on its axle. From this arrangement it will be perceived that when one of
the hooks is raised, it draws with it the lower branch of the lever, which
turning on its axle the outer branch pushes one of the rods towards the
bottom, which gives the small horizontal lever a see-saw motion, thereby trans-
mitting an oscillatory movement to the small vertical lever, which by means
of the little horizontal rod transmits the movement to another small lever,
the lower extremity of which causes the crank to slide on its axle. This crank
is placed opposite one of the sticks, ready to be pressed by the pulley at each
revolution of the motive shaft. This pressure is continued as long as the
crank retains its position. A second hook serves to displace the crank
in order that it may present itself opposite the other stick, and transmits an
opposite movement to the crank in the same way as the other crank by
means of the lever and rod, which is jointed at the opposite extremity of
the small horizontal levers from which it result that when the hook is
raised the crank places itself opposite the stick, and as soon as the other
hook is raised the crank is placed opposite the second stick, thereby giving
a variable movement to the working of the shuttles. A small weight is
adapted to each of the hooks, causing them to fall back when they have been
raised.
Mechanism for drawing back the thread of the weft.-Beneath the loom a
horizontal lever is placed, taking its centre of movement in a support. The
outer extremity of this lever extends slightly beyond the loom, so that it may
be pressed by the foot of the weaver, and the inner extremity is furnished with
a counterweight, serving to cause the lever to fall back after being pressed.
Towards its inner extremity an iron lathe is jointed, bearing at its upper end a
cord, which is connected with the inner arm of a second lever. By this
arrangement, whenever the weaver presses the first lever the latter turns on
its centre and pushes the iron lathe upwards as well as the inner arm which

page_text: forms part of the second lever, which last transmits the movement to the
jacquard machine.
Mechanism for rolling up the cloth.-The fabric is rolled up on a wooden
cloth beam furnished with iron pivots at its extremities, the left-hand one being
extended beyond the frame of the loom, where it bears a ratchet wheel. A
horizontal lever, having its centre of movement on the same axis as the ratchet
wheel, bears a catch gearing with the latter. The horizontal arm of this lever
is furnished with teeth, between which a spiral spring is hooked; the latter
is also hooked to a toothed ruler fixed to the cross beain of the frame. A
second lever bears about the middle of its length a vertical arm, the upper end
of which is pushed by a shuttle (battant). Thus, whenever the shuttle (bat-
tant) arrives near the blades, it pushes back the vertical arm, causes the hori-
zontal lever to descend, the catch is raised, and sliding over the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, stops at one or more teeth further down, according to circum-
stances; but when the shuttle (battant) leaves the blades to strike the
thread of the weft, it entirely quits the vertical arm. The spiral spring
then causes the lever to turn to a certain extent; the catch acts with the
whole force of the spiral spring to cause the ratchet wheel to turn as well as
the cloth bean. The ratchet wheel is then always retained by two catches.
Mode of unrolling the warp.-The cloth beam bearing the warp is provided
with a cord taking two or three turns, the inner extremity of which is attached
to the centre of a vertical arm, giving movement to the shuttle (battant), whilst
the outer extremity bears a weight. This cord operates a more or less
powerful friction on the cloth beam, serving to check it, so as always to main-
tain the warp at an equal tension. At the other extremity of the cloth beam
a similar cord is adapted, the inner extremity of which bears a small weight,
and the outer extremity a much heavier one, serving to give a suitable tension
to the warp. Thus, each time the shuttle (battant) presses the thread of
the weft, the extremity of the cord attached to the vertical arm endeavours to
draw the cloth beam in a contrary direction to the warp, so that the warp
stretched at the exact moment when the shuttle (battant) presses the weft;
but as soon as the shuttle (battant) returns, the other end slackens and slides
on the cloth beam from the effect of the weight attached to it, when the other
weight comes into operation and preserves a suitable tension to the warp.
is
Mechanism for stopping the loom.-By this mechanism the workman is
enabled to stop the loom without leaving his place. A little above the breast
beam of the loom a lathe or rod is placed, capable of being moved by the hand
of the weaver.
One end of this rod crosses the upright of the frame, and the
other end is jointed to a small horizontal lever fixed to the upper extremity of

page_text: a small axle, which bears at its lower extremity a cord, between which a ver.
tical spring lever is adapted. In order to stop the loom the workman has only
to draw the lathe or rod towards him, when the vertical spring lever commu-
nicates the necessary movement to the other parts of the machine and the loom
is stopped.
Mechanism for hand weaving.-If the looms are destined for hand weaving
the pulley bearing the strap is dismounted and replaced by a fly wheel,
furnished with a handle jointed to the end of the horizontal lever which is
moved by the hand of the workman, the other end being jointed to the vertical
lever which is in turn jointed to a support nearly on a level with the ground.
Thus to set the loom in operation the weaver has only to give a rotary
movement to the horizontal lever. The following improvements may be
introduced into the above system of looms, viz:-1st, a new mechanism
giving movement to the shuttle boxes; 2nd, a new mechanism giving move-
ment to the jacquard machine.
New mechanism giving movement to the shuttle boxes.-This mechanism
consists of an eccentric, having two bends, between which a steel pulley
adapted against the horizontal lever is placed. The lever at one end has
its centre of movement in a small support, and at the other is jointed to a small
guide or rod which is in turn jointed to a second support fixed against the
shuttle box. The centre of movement of the eccentric is on a small steel axle
fixed by means of a nut screw to a rod; one end of the rod being fixed to
the shuttle (battant) and the other end jointed to a vertical lever placed at
the outer extremity of the large axle giving movement to the shuttle
(battant). This rod also bears near its extremity a small support serving
as centre of movement to the horizontal lever as already stated, and its
lower extremity is bent in a square shape in order to carry a small vertical
support having at each end grooves in which slide two iron rulers furnished
at their middles with two books, and having two more at their extremities.
A support is bolted to the upright of the frame, and on this support is the
centre of movement of two small levers, at the end of each of which is fixed
a pin working in the centre hooks of the iron rulers above mentioned. To
these pins two small cords are attached, which after being tied to two
spiral springs are made to pass on return pullies and are attached to the
two hooks of the machine. Behind the eccentric a rundle is placed, attached
to the eccentric by means of three pegs or pins which are divided into three
equidistant parts corresponding to similar divisions in the bends of the
eccentric. These pins put themselves in connection with the two hooks at
the extremities of the iron rulers.

page_text: New mechanism giving movement to the jacquard machine.-The motive
shaft bears at its inner extremity two eccentrics which in their rotary move-
ment press two pullies and levers. These levers have their centres of
movement in a support bolted to the longitudinal cross beam, and their outer
extremities are hooked to two screw cramps, the upper ends of which are
hooked to two other levers, mounted on small axles provided with pivots
resting on a support. The upper lever is jointed at its inner extremity 'to
a small vertical rod, which in turn is jointed to the lever giving movement
to the jacquard machine. The lower lever is jointed at its inner extremity
to another lever which in common with the one giving movement to the
machine crosses two small uprights of the machine which serve as guides
and extends beyond the frame of the machine, taking its centre of movement
in a support bolted at the lower extremity to a second longitudinal cross
beam. Those knives are fixed to the lever giving movement to the jacquard
machine, one of them serving to raise a set of hooks with the corresponding
blades, and the other to raise a similar set of hooks in order to withdraw the
blades towards the bottom by means of the following arrangement. At the
lower extremity of the hooks last mentioned, wires are attached reaching
towards the bottom of the loom, where they are attached to two horizontal
levers which at their opposite extremities are connected by two rods to the
blades. These horizontal levers have their centres of movement in supports
fixed into the ground. An iron plate pierced with holes corresponding in
number to the hooks in the jacquard machine is adapted on a lever. On
this plate the hooks of the blades which have not been raised rest. Tho
hooks are guided and ruled by needles furnished with two eyes, between which
the two hooks slide freely, so that when one of the needles is pushed back
it draws with it the two hooks, one of which becomes isolated from its
knife, whilst the other one hooks itself to the other knife to withdraw tho
corresponding blade towards the bottom.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Bernard Hudson, Her special licence that I, the said Bernard Hudson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Bernard
Hudson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF POWER LOOMS," a communication to me from abroad by Mr. Francois Loret
Vermeersch, of Brussels, Belgium, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Bernard Hudson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bernard Hudson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the following improvements in looms :-
1st, in the mechanism giving movement to the shuttle.
2nd, in the arrangement of the mechanism giving movement to the blades.
3rd, in the application of Jacquart's improved machine to fancy weaving.
4th, in the mechanism giving movement to the shuttle boxes.
5th, in a new mechanism giving a variable movement to the working of the
shuttles.
6th, in a new mechanism for drawing back the thread of the weft.
7th, in the mechanism for rolling up the cloth.
8th, in the mode of unrolling the warp.
9th, in a new arrangement for stopping the looms.
10th, in a new mechanism for hand weaving.
11th, in the movement of the batten (battant).
12th, in a new mechanism for giving movement to the shuttle boxes.
13th, in a new mechanism for giving movement to Jacquart's machine for
rabat weaving (tisser à rabat).

page_text: By aid of the accompanying Drawings the above-named improvements
will be easily understood.
Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of a blade or lame loom. Fig. 2, a front
elevation of a loom with jacquart machine; Fig. 8, elevation of the right side
of same loom; Fig. 4, elevation of the left side. Fig. 5, plan of the mecha-
nism giving the variable movement to the working of the shuttles. Fig. 6 is a
front view of the arrangement for unrolling the warp. Fig. 7 is a front view
of the mechanism for stopping the loom; Fig. 8, plan of the same mechanism.
Fig. 9 is a front view of the mechanism for hand weaving. Fig. 10, elevation
of the left side of the loom. Fig. 11, front view of the batten (battant) with
the mode of transmitting movement to the shuttle boxes. Fig. 12, front
elevation of the loom. Fig, 13, front view of the improved jacquart. Fig. 14,
plan of the needles or lead wires and rulers of the machine.
1st, the improved mechanism giving movement to the shuttle.-The two
sticks a, a, see plan, Fig. 1, having their centre of movement at the end of
the small iron support e, are furnished with tempered steel pieces 1 & 2,
whose upper surfaces represent arcs; at the lower end of both of the sticks a
leather strap b, b, is fixed, which is also attached underneath the batten A,
two other straps c, c', are also tied to the straps b, b, and their other ends
attached to the levers d, d¹, which have their centre of movement in the
supports e, e; their upper ends act on the drivers f, f¹, and their lower ends
are attached by means of the spiral spring g. The iron axis B bears a
crank J, each end of which is furnished with a tempered steel pulley 3 & 4,
and these pullies press alternately on the upper surface of the steel pieces
1 & 2, so that each time the sticks a, a, are lowered they draw the straps b, b,
in a vertical direction, and these in turn draw the straps e, e¹, and necessarily
the levers d, d', which cause the drivers f, f, to start, and thus throw the
shuttle; the spring 9 pulls back the levers after they have thus acted.
2nd, the improvement in the arrangement of the mechanism giving movement
to the blades or lames is as follows:-The axis B, furnished with a cog wheel h,
eccentrics i, and pressure lever J, is placed outside the loom; the levers C
which give movement to the blades D are placed vertically, and have their
centre of movement in the support E, which is bolted to the frame of the
loom. The levers C have near their lower ends small pullies gearing
between the two curves of the eccentrics i; straps are attached to the upper
ends of these levers, which, after passing over the return pullies m, are tied to
the blades D. At the lower ends of the lever C other straps are attached,
which, after passing over the return pulley m are attached to the blades D,
and thus the movement is given.
l

page_text: 3rd, the application of Jacquart's improved machine to fancy weaving.—
The machine F (see Figs. 2 & 3) is placed as usual above the loom on the
two longitudinal cross pieces G, G', of the frame of the loom; it is put in
movement in the following manner:-The driving shaft H bears at its lower
extremity an eccentric 1, which in its rotary movement presses the pulley m
and its lever I. The latter has its centre of movement in a support J bolted.
to the longitudinal cross piece K, and at its outer extremity a screw cramp n
is hooked, the upper end of which is hooked to the other lever L, which is
mounted on a small axle M, furnished with two pivots resting in the supports
N, N'. The lower extremity of the lever L is jointed to a small vertical rod o,
which in turn is jointed to a lever O. This lever after traversing the two
small uprights p, p, of the machine, which as guides is prolonged beyond the
loom, and takes its centre of movement in the support P, the lower
extremity P¹ of which is bolted to the cross piece G. A moveable ruler q
is suspended to the lever O, and serves to raise the hooks r, r, and their
corresponding blades. This ruler oscillating between two pivots s, s, is pressed
by a small spring t, so that when the lever descends the ruler q meets the
hooks u, u, which have not been raised, and which oblige the ruler to oscillate
without experiencing the least resistance. The lever O serves to raise the
back blades higher than the front ones. By this arrangement it is the
eccentric which gives the movement to the lever I, which in turn transmits
it by the screw cramp n to the lever L, which turning on its axis M raises by
its inner extremity the small vertical rod o, as well as the lever O. This
movement is repeated at each revolution of the eccentric 1. All the hooks 1, r,
of the machine are flattened, as well as the holes of the needles which they
traverse. By this arrangement the advantage of the hooks not turning in
their movement as they often do in the ordinary jacquart is obtained.
4th, the improvement in the mechanism giving movement to the shuttle
boxes is as follows:-At each extremity of the batten Q (battant) see Fig. 2,
a shuttle box R & R is placed, each shuttle box being divided into three com-
partments 1, 2, & 3, Figs. 2 & 4, in which the shuttles are placed. These
boxes are placed vertically, and cross the batten (battant) freely, and are
guided in their ascending and decending movement by a rod u fixed in the
batten. Against the back of the boxes two small sliders v, v, are adapted,
sliding on the rod u, and keeping the boxes in their centre of gravity. At the
two extremities of each of the boxes a rod a is hooked, which also hooks to a
screw cramp y attached to a lever S, having its centre of movement on a
small axle, fixed in the small support of the cross beam G. Near the end
of this lever, as well as at its end, two small screw cramps a & b pass freely;

page_text: the screw cramp a is hooked to the lever T, and 6 to the lever V. These two
levers have their centre of movement on the small axle c, fixed in the small
support of the cross beam G, each extremity of the levers being attached to
its corresponding hook d & e; thus, when the hook e is raised by the ruler q
it draws towards it the end of the lever V, which, turning on its axle c, draws
the screw cramp 6 near its other end, which obliges the lever S to move on
its axis s, whose outer end works with the cramp y, so raising the shuttle
box R. The lever T gives a more marked movement to the lever S than the
lever V, because the cramp 6 of the latter is nearer its centre of movement c,
so that its movement is less marked then that of the lever T, whose cramp a
is further from the centre; the result is, that when the lever V is drawn by
its book e it transmits a less movement for raising the shuttle box R than the
lever T. The movements of each of these levers accord with the division of
the compartments of the shuttle boxes, and thus produce the change of shuttles
as required by the design of the stuff. In order that the shuttle boxes always
preserve the division exactly, each has at its lower extremity a small iron
frame, having four small cast-iron pullies 1, 2, 3, each turning on a steel axle.
These pullics are divided in three parts, corresponding with the divisions of
the compartiments of the boxes, and between them a guide f (Fig. 4) gears
or works. The guide is bolted to a cross piece of the frame of the loom, thus
it is evident at each backward and forward movement of the batten the
guide must enter one of the divisions of the pullies presenting itself, so
that if the shuttle box is not raised exactly to its place, the guide f obliges
it to take its exact division, so that the shuttles can always freely enter their
boxes.
5th, the new mechanism, giving a variable movement to the working of the
shuttles, is as follows:-See Figs. 2, 3, & 5. About the middle of the length
of two sticks y & , which take their centre of movement in a cast-iron
support A bolted to the cross beams of the frame, two pieces of steel 1 & 2
are fixed, the upper surface of which represent an arc. Straps 9, 9, are
attached to the lower extremity of these sticks, and also then fixed below the
batten Q (battant). To the middle of these straps are attached the straps h, h,
passing through the guides, are connected with the lathes k, k, the lower
extremities of which are jointed to horizontal levers 7, 1, which in turn aro
connected with small wooden uprights m, m. The upper extremities of
these uprights are fixed against each of the ends of the batten, and about
the middle of the length of cach of them a spiral spring n, n, is adapted,
booking on to the lathes k, k; these springs serve to hold back the lathes
and sticks ,, to which they are attached. The upper extremities of the

page_text: lathes k, k, work between the drivers o, o, each of which slide on a steel rod
adapted outside in the front of the batten (battant). The motive shaft H,
which is of a square form, bears towards the middle of its length a crank q,
furnished at the end with a steel pulley p. At each turn of the motive
shaft H, the pulley p presses 1 & 2, so that the sticks y, z, are rapidly
lowered, drawing the straps S &n with the lathes k, k, starting the drivers o, o',
and thus throw the shuttles. The manner in which the variable movement
is given is as follows:-The two levers A & B are attached at their inner
extremities to the hooks r & s by means of small screw rods, and have their
centre of movement on a small axle t fixed to the cross beam G. A the outer
extremities of these levers are jointed two rods u & y, which are also jointed
to opposite ends of a small horizontal lever at a & y', which is on an axle z,
bearing at each extremity a pivot, one of which turns in the frame, and the
other in the small support a, screwed to the cross beam of the frame. The
axle also bears a small vertical lever b, the end of which is jointed to the
horizontal rod c, which is in turn jointed to the small lever d, a section of
the plan of which is seen, Fig. 5, having its centre of movement at e, beneath
and against the cross beam of the frame. The lever d¹, bears at its inner
extremity a small button, working in the groove f of the crank q, sliding
on its axle H. From this arrangement it will be perceived that when the
hook is raised it draws with it the lower branch of the lever A, which,
turning on its axle t, the outer branch pushes down the rod u, which gives
the small horizontal lever X a see-saw motion, thereby transmitting an
oscillatory movement to the small vertical lever b, which by means of the
little horizontal rod c transmits the movement to the small lever d', the
lower extremity of which causes the crank q to slide on its axle H, as is
seen by Fig. 3. This crank is placed opposite sticks Y, ready to be pressed
by the pulley at each revolution of the motive shaft H, and continues so to
be as the crank g retains its position. A second hook s¹ serves to displace the
crank, in order that. it may present itself opposite the stick z, and transmits a
contrary movement to the crank q, in the same way as r does by means of
the lever B and rod V, which is jointed at the opposite extremity of the small
horizontal lever at y, from which it results that when the hook is raised,
the crank Qis opposite the stick Y, and as soon as the hooks is raised,
the crank is placed opposite the second stick Z, thereby giving a variable
movement to the throwing of the shuttles. A small weight is adapted to each
of the hooks & s, causing them to fall back when they have been raised.
6th, the new nechanism for drawing back the thread of the weft is as
follows: Beneath the loom a horizontal lever C, Fig. 3, is placed, taking its

page_text: centre of movement in the support D'. The outer extremity of this lever
extends slightly beyond the loom, so that it may be pressed by the foot of the
workman, and the inner end is furnished with a counterweight 9, causing the
lever to fall back after being pressed. Towards its inner extremity an iron
lathe is jointed, bearing at its upper end a forked branch i (Fig. 2), which
is connected with the inner arm E of the second lever I. By this arrange-
ment whenever the weaver presses the lever C, the latter turns on its centre,
and pushes the lathe h upwards as well as the inner arm E, which forms part
of the lever I, which last transmits the movement to the jacquard machine.
7th, the improved mechanism for rolling up the cloth is as follows:-
Figs. 2 & 4, the fabric is rolled up on a wooden cloth beam F, furnished with
iron pivots at each end, the left hand one being extended beyond the frame of
the loom, where it bears a ratchet wheel G. A horizontal bent lever H',
having its centre of movement at k on the same axle as the ratchet wheel,
bears a catch gearing with the ratchet wheel. The horizontal arm of this
lever is furnished with teeth, between which a spiral spring m is hooked, the
latter is also hooked to a toothed ruler n fixed to the cross beam of the frame.
The lever H bears about the middle of its length a vertical arm o', the upper
end of which is pushed by the batten Q (battant). Thus, whenever the batten
arrives near the blades, it pushes back the vertical arm o, causes the horizontal
lever H to descend, the catch is raised, and its cog sliding over the cogs of
the ratchet wheel G, stops at one or more cogs further down according to
circumstances; but when the batten leaves the blades to strike the thread of
the weft, it entirely leaves the vertical arm o'. The spiral spring m then
causes the lever X to turn to a certain extent, the catchi acts with the wholo
force of the spiral spring m² to cause the ratchet wheel G to turn, as well as
the cloth beam F. The ratchet wheel G is then always retained by two
catches p¹.
8th, the improvement in the mode of unrolling the warp is as follows:-
The beam I, see Fig. 3, bears the warp, and over it passes two or three times
a cord g turns, the inner end of which is attached near the centre of a vertical
arm J, giving movement to the batten Q (battant), whilst the outer end bears
a weight K". This cord effects a more or less powerful friction on the beam
serving as brake to it, so as always to maintain the warp at an equal tension.
At the other extremity of the beam I, Fig. 4, a similar cord is adapted, the
inner end of which bears a small weight l, and the outer end a much heavier
one L", serving to guide a suitable tension to the warp. Thus, each time the
batten Q, (battant) presses the thread of the weft Fig. 3, the end of the cord q
attached to the vertical arm Ju, endeavours to draw the beam I in a contrary

page_text: direction to the warp, so that the warp is stretched at the exact moment the
batten (battant) presses the weft; but as soon as the batten returns, the other
cord q slackens and slides on the beam I from the effect of the weight K, the
weight 1, Fig. 4, comes into operation, and preserves a suitable tension
to the warp. The following is a similar arrangement for effecting the same
object, see Fig. 6; M is the beam of the warp round which the cord 7 passes
twice or thrice, an then twice round the collar s", forming part of the bent
lever N¹, giving motion to the batten. The cord acts on the collar s¹ with
more or less friction, and operates as brake, and is regulated by means of
the weight fastened to one end of the cord, the other is attached to the
cross-piece t of the frame of the loom.
9th, the new mechanism for stopping the loom is as follows:-The driving
shaft H, Figs. 3, 7, & 8, passes outside the loom, and bears the fly wheel K
and pulley R which is joined to it; they are movable on the shaft. Behind
the fly wheel attached to the pulley is the hooked-shaped catch i, Fig. 7,
which is acted on by the spring j, also attached to the pulley. Behind the
pulley R a part of the shaft is square, and on it slides a cast-iron lever k¹, the
end of which bears a pin which enters the catch i, and body of the pulley R.
Against the upright A, Fig. 17.& 19, a cast-iron rest is adjusted, this rest
lias a small projection 7, Fig. 19, under which another rest m slides. The
rest has a groove n, Fig. 8, in which the spring M, Fig. 3, rests, the lower
end of which is fixed to the upright A. The spring M endeavours to near
the rest m, the heel of which presses the spring in its groove n when neces-
sary. The spring M then gears in the fork of the lever N, which moves on
its resting point o¹, and has at its other end a fork p¹, which gears in the
groove of the lever k¹. The loom is put in movement by the band o, which
passes over the pulley R, and it is stopped by isolating the pulley R on its
axle H. It will be easily understood that when the shuttle does not enter its
box C, the branch q¹ is not raised, and meets and presses the end of the
movable rest m³, the heel of which pushes the spring M, which is displaced
and draws with the fork of the lever N, which turning on its axle o¹, moves
contrary to the fork p¹, and this obliges the lever k to slide on its axle, and
the pin at its end is freed from the catch ', thus the pulley R runs loosely on
its axle, and the loom is stopped.
By means of the following mechanism the workman is enabled to stop the
loom without leaving his place. A little above the breast beam P of the loom
a lathe or rod Q is placed, capable of being moved by the hand of the weaver.
One end of this rod ¹¹ crosses the upright of the frame, and the other end is
jointed to the horizontal lever 1, fixed to the upper extremity of the axle 2,

page_text: which bears at its lower extremity a fork 3, between which the vertical spring
lever is adapted. This lever communicates the necessary movement as
above described for stopping the loom, which is effected by the workman
drawing towards him the rod Q, which acts on the lever 1, and the fork 3,
obliging the lever M to enter its groove, and so allow the pulley R to run
loosely on its driving shaft H. The machine is set in motion by the workman
pushing the rod Q.
10th, the new mechanism for hand weaving is as follows:-When the
looms are destined for hand weaving the pulley R, bearing the strap Fig. 3,
is dismounted and replaced by a fly wheel S, Fig. 9, furnished with a crank X,
jointed to the end of the horizontal lever T, which is moved by the hand of
the workman, the other end being jointed to the vertical lever U, which is in
turn jointed to the support or bearing Y", nearly on a level with the ground;
thus to set the loom in operation the weaver has only to give a rotary movement
to the horizontal lever.T.
11th, the movement of the batten (battant) is as follows:-The driving
shaft H, Fig. 3, having a support near each end passes outside the loom, and bears
the fly-wheel and pulley R, and at its other end the crank a¹ on the pivot b,
working on the small rod c, which is jointed to the horizontal branch of the
vertical lever J. The iron axle A is furnished at each end with a pivot resting
in the supports e¹. It bears at one end the bent lever J & d, and at the
other end a vertical lever similar to J, and to which the two rods B & B, the
two opposite ends of which rest in the pullies f, f, and on these two rods the
batten Qis fixed. It will be easily understood that from the rotary movement
of the fly-wheel an oscillating movement is given to the lever J & d, and so
a backward and forward motion to the batten.
12th, the new mechanism giving movement to the shuttle boxes is as
follows:-This mechanism consists of an eccentric A (see Fig. 10) having
two bends, that is to say, an inner one a, and an outer one b, between
which a steel pulley.c adapted against the horizontal lever B is placed. The
lever at one end has its centre of movement in the small support d, and
at the other is jointed to a small guide or rod e, which is in turn jointed
to a small guide or rod e, which is in turn jointed to a second support f fixed
against the shuttle box C. The centre of movement of the eccentric A is
on a small steel axle g, fixed by means of a nut screw to the rod D, one end of
which is fixed to the batten E and the other end jointed to a vertical lever F,
fixed to the outer end of the large shaft G, giving movement to the batten E.
This rod D also bears near its end the small support d, serving as centre of
movement to the lever B, as already stated. The two horizontal levers J &

page_text: K, which have their centre of movement in the support i, bolted to the upright
of the frame L, have each at their other end the hooks o & n, which hold by
the pins 1, 2, & 3. To the levers J & K the small cords h & h are also
attached, which, after being tied to the spiral springs i & i pass over the
return pullies j, j', & k, k, and are tied to the lifting wires 1 & 1. The
eccentric, which is the principal feature in this arrangement, is composed of
two curves a & b, between which the pulley c works. The curves are divided
into three parts 4, 5, & 6, each curve of which has a different diameter, that is
to say, the curve 4 is nearest the centre g, the curve 5 the division further
from the centre, and the curve 6 the most distant. These three equidistant
divisions are in accordance with the divisions of the shuttle box 1, 2, 3; thus as
the curves a & 6 of the eccentric A press on the pulley c, the lever B is
obliged to make the same movement to raise or lower the shuttle boxes C,
which are drawn down by the spiral spring P. Behind the eccentric A a
rundle t is placed, attached to the eccentric by means of three pins 1, 2, & 8,
which are divided into three equidistant parts corresponding to similar
divisions in the curves of the eccentric 4, 5, & 6. These pins are in con-
nection with two books n & o. The changing of the shuttles is effected as
follows: The batten puts the whole in movement by means of the rod D to
which the several parts are connected, the two levers J & K & p, q receiving
their movement by the jacquart machine and the two hooks & l. From this
it is easy to see that if the lever J be not raised by its hook 1, the hook n of
the lever J at its other end is held by the pin 3, and the eccentric A is thus
obliged to displace itself one division, and so the shuttle boxes; this happens
each time the lever J or K is not raised by its respective hook. Fig. 11
represents the front of the batten E, which bears at each end a shuttle box C
& D, divided into three compartments 1, 2, 3, in which the shuttles rest. The
two boxes are held to each other by means of a screw cramp a, at each end of
which and of the straps b', 61, is tied, which after passing over the return
pullies c, c, and d, d, are tied to the boxes C & D, behind each of
which, fixed to the batten, is a small vertical support e, e¹, serving as rest to
the return pullies d', d". From this it will be easily understood that when
the apparatus displaces the box C one division, the box D is also displaced
one division, one rising the other descending.
13th, new mechanism giving movement to the jacquard machine for rabat
weaving (tisser à rabat.-The motive shaft bears at its inner end two ecċen-
trics N, N, which, in their rotary movement, press the pullies a & b and the
levers O & P. These levers have their centres of movement in a support Q
bolted to the longitudinal cross beam R, and their outer ends are hooked to

page_text: two screw cramps & d, the upper ends of which are hooked to the levers
S, T, mounted on the small axles e & e', provided with pivots resting on the
support U. The lever T is jointed at its inner end to the lever B, giving
movement to the jacquart machine (see Fig. 10 & 13). The lower lever S is
jointed at its inner end to the lever C. The lever B & C, after crossing the
small upright g, 9', of the machine, which serve as guides, extend beyond the
frame of the machine, and have their centre of movement in the support D,
bolted at its lower end to a second longitudinal cross beam E. Two knives
h&i are fixed, h raises the set of hooks J with the corresponding blades, and i
raises the set of hooks k, in order to draw the blades towards the bottom by
means of the following arrangement:-At the lower end of the hook k the
wires are attached; they are also fastened to the horizontal levers m, m³,
Fig. 12, which, at their opposite extremities, are connected by two rods.n, n',
to the blades A. The levers m, m', have their centres of movement in sup-
ports B, B, fixed into the ground. An iron plate o pierced with holes corre-
sponding in number to the hooks in the jacquart machine is fixed on the
lever C, Fig. 10 & 13. On this plate the hooks of the blades which have not"
been raised rest.. The hooks j & k are guided and ruled by the needles p,
furnished with two eyes 1 & 2, between which the two hooks slide freely, so
that when the needle p¹ is pushed back it draws with it the two hooks j & k;
the hook becomes isolated from its knife h, whilst the hook k hooks itself to
the knife i, to draw its corresponding blade towards the bottom. The following.
is the way this movement is effected:-The two eccentrics M & N have each
a different and opposite curve, M having an inner curve q, and N an outer-
curve p', so that when the curve p presses on the pulley a, the lever O is pushed'
down, whilst the pulley 6 with its lever P rises in the inner curve q. This
movement is repeated at each revolution of the motive shaft H, and is trans-
mitted by the rods c & d to the levers S & T, which, turning on their axles
e, e', communicates the movement to the levers B, C, which in turn give move-
ment to the hooks of the jacquard. When the lever B and its knives h & i
is raised, it acts on all the hooks and their corresponding blades, that is, the
hooks are drawn up and the hooks k down. The lever C bears the plate o,
on which the hooks of the blades rest which have not been raised, and produce.
a contrary movement to that of the lever B, that is, to when the lever B rises
the lever C descends, and vice versa. The movement of the two levers take
place at the time the batten draws the thread of the weft, and thus the rabat
is produced.
b
The following is a discription of Jacquart's mechanism simplified: -The
cylinder A of the iacquart machine (see Figs 10 19 19 & 14 turns in the

page_text: two small iron supports b, b', and on it roll the holy boards c, Fig. 13, furnished
with cones d, which serve to give motion to the hooks J, K, which raise and
lower their corresponding blades. The lever B, Fig. 10, is drawn downwards
by means of the spring C, and has near its centre a small support f, on which
the two vertical hooks g & g', Fig. 12, are bolted, which act on the pins of the
case a, Figs. 10 & 12, of the cylinder A. The lower ends of these hooks pass
through the horizontal ruler h, Fig. 12, which serves as guide, each end of
which slides in the small supports 61, 6; at the inner end of this ruler a strap i
is fastened, which, after passing over the return pulley, continues to near the
bottom, so as to be within reach of the workman for drawing back the thread
of the weft. Thus when the lever B moves downwards it draws with it the
support and hooks 9, 9', which latter meet with one of the pins of the case a,
and move it one division, and thus causes one of the holy boards c, Fig. 13,
to advance. This movement is repeated each time the lever B ascends or
descends. The two hooks of the blades J, K, Fig. 13, consists of two arms,
and that of the hook J serves as spring for pushing back the other arm when
it is not pressed by its corresponding cone d of one of the holy boards c; it will
be seen that this arm acting as spring rests on the small longitudinal rods
m, m. The two rulers n, n', Fig. 14, one of which is of iron, the other of
wood, have the same number of equidistant holes as there are needles and
hooks, and act as guides for the needles P, which in turn, by means of their
1, 2, act as guides for the hooks of the blades J, K.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent are, the several improvements in power looms, as herein-before
described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bernard Hudson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
BERNARD HUDSON. (L.B.)