Improvements in or connected with Machinery for Warping, Beaming, and Sizing Yarn for Weaving.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 20th May, 1893
PROVIDIUNAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Machinery for Warping,
Beaming, and Sizing Yarn for Weaving.
I, WILLIAM LANCASTER, of Whalley Banks Iron Works, Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the machinery in which yarns after
being spun are treated or prepared to be placed in the loom for weaving, and
is designed for the purpose of simplifying and making such machinery more
efficient.
The yarn after being wound onto the bobbin is "beamed" or "warped" and I
have designed a friction driving mechanism which will render the starting and
stopping of the whole machine much more under control and will do away with
many of the toothed gearing wheels now employed. The driving is carried out
through peripheral friction driving pulleys or wheels of V or grooved form on
their peripheries. The conical or external V periphery of one pulley works into
the groove or internal V of the other and when in contact motion is conveyed to
the other. The internal V pulley may be made split or in two parts one being loose
on the shaft and the other fast. Forming part of or attached to the loose pulley is
the driving strap pulley which is constantly revolving when the other pulley with
conical or external V periphery is forced against the groove in the split pulley the
rotating half carries it round and it conveys motion to the other half with which
it is also in contact. The pulleys are thrown into and out of contact by means
of a weighted pivoted lever with inclined face which moves in contact with a stud
or bracket on the swinging cradle or moveable bracket in which the loose pulley
is suspended. By this arrangement the machine stops or ceases to work when the
Vor grooved pulley rims are separated by their connections with the setting on
and self stopping motion.
.
To indicate the amount of yarn which has passed through the machine or been
wound upon the beam and also to automatically stop the machine when the
required amount has passed through I construct the indicator with two figured
dials which when set remain stationary each with a rotating finger the finger of
one being driven from the roller over which the yarn passes and the other by a
worm and worm wheel from the spindle of the first finger. One of the dials
indicates units tens and hundreds of yards and the other indicates thousands.
Each rotating finger is connected to the source of motion by a spring clutch
rotating drum and each dial can be set to any desired position. On the rotating
drum or boss of the second finger a slot or notch is cut into which a projection
or lug on the stop-lever drops when the required length of yarn has been passed
through or beamed. Thus the two dials and fingers only require to be set to the
figures which indicate the length of yarn required to be lapped on the beam and
the machine will be stopped automatically when the required length is reached.
In the sizing of the yarn the same driving mechanism as above described may be
employed consisting of a grooved V driving wheel with a conical or externally
✓ shaped carrier engaging with a second ✓ grooved wheel on the main shaft the
intermediate wheel being carried in a swinging hanger by which it can be thrown
into and out of gear. In adopting this principle of driving to the sizing machine
I apply a double rim friction for the purpose of enabling me to apply the self
acting or automatic arrangement to regulate or vary the frictional grip or pressure
in accordance with the increase in the diameter of the yarn beam, as the yarn is
го

page_text: being lapped on the beam. This I attain by means of small levers in connection
between the yarn beam and the friction rim the end of the levers resting on the
yarn of the beam, the end of this lever moves as the diameter of the beam increases
by the lapping on of the yarn and the other end of the lever being in connection
with a second lever, and the second lever being in connection with the friction
arranged to vary the friction pressure by means of an automatically adjusting
weight. The slow motion which is required when broken threads occur may also
be driven by similar gear which is admirably adapted for the purpose.
peripheral V or grooved friction pulley is applied to the loose strap pulley on the
main driving shaft the rims of the pulleys being connected and disconnected
automatically by a connection with the lever or handle by which the machinery is
set in motion or stopped.
The
By
I simplify the present measuring motion by placing a double carrier wheel
instead of a single transport wheel between the tin roller or measuring roller
wheel and the third wheel which conveys motion to the marker shaft.
this arrangement I reduce the number of change wheels required and to a large
extent obviate the many tedious calculations and changes which were hitherto
necessary to arrive at true and correct measurement.
Hitherto the steam drying cylinders over which the yarn passes after passing
through the size have been caused to revolve by the drag of the yarn upon them.
The drag or strain upon fine yarns has been found to be very objectionable. Many
attempts have been made to drive the cylinders mechanically but have failed on
account of the great difficulty in obtaining the relative speed to correspond with
the various diameters of the cylinders and other relative speeds and motions of the
other moving parts of the machine. I accomplish this object by applying one or
more rollers on the surface of the cylinder or cylinders by which a uniform surface
driving is accomplished. By this arrangement the so called drag, draw and nip
rollers are dispensed with and thereby important advantages are obtained. The
so called drag, draw and nip rollers have hitherto been placed near to the finished
yarn beam thus causing what is called in practice a very short "ratch" of yarn;
at this point there is considerable strain or stretch to the yarn and there is only a
very short length of yarn not more than ten inches in length to permit of the
so called ratch.
By dispensing with the drag, draw and nip rollers the length of yarn which is
subjected to the ratch is greatly increased say from 10 inches to about 450 inches
and the greater elasticity prevents injury to the
yarn.
The surface driving roller or rollers which I place on the outer circumference or
periphery of the cylinder or cylinders are driven by one of the first shafts of the
machine and are also connected to and drive the copper delivery rollers in the size
box at the same or corresponding relative speed and delivery as that of the
cylinders. In lapping the yarn on the finished yarn beam of the sizing machine it
is necessary to apply a presser which consists of one or two revolving rollers placed
under the yarn beam and which is pressed to the yarn beam for the purpose of
making the beam or warp more level and round and to get a greater length of yarn
on the beam or warp. For the purpose of carrying or fixing the presser rollers I
have contrived an improved carriage or small frame which is arranged to rock or
swivel to adjust itself and keep the rollers in a parallel line to the yarn beam or
warp. The rocking or swivelling principle is accomplished by means of a swivel
joint socket or bearing on which the roller carriage is fixed or placed; the carriage
and rollers are suspended by an adjustable cannon bracket extending to and carried
by the ordinary square rocking shaft.
To prevent jerking and oscillation of the presser rollers and carriage I place a
small pulley on the presser shaft and a small brake actuating on the outer
periphery of the brake pulley. It is necessary that the presser rollers should
move or traverse laterally and also revolve by the surface pressure of the warp.
The rollers rest upon small bowls which revolve by the motion or the pressure
of the rollers. On the outside periphery of one or more of the small bowls I cut a

page_text: screw thread which as the rollers rotate causes them to move laterally and expand
to the full width of the yarn beam.
Dated this 24th day of May 1892.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Bank Street, Manchester, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Machinery for Warping,
Beaming, and Sizing Yarn for Weaving.
I, WILLIAM LANCASTER, of Whalley Banks Iron Works, Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to machinery in which the warp yarns after being spun
are prepared to be placed in the loom for weaving and is designed for the
purpose of simplifying parts of such machines and of rendering them more
efficient.
The improvements will be fully described with reference to the accompanying
Fig. 6. Side elevation of counting or indicating apparatus and stop motion.
Fig. 7. Plan of same (Fig. 6).
Fig. 8. Elevation of modified form of counting apparatus and stop motion.
Fig. 9. Plan of same (Fig. 8).
Fig. 10. Side elevation of sizing machine.
Fig. 11. Side elevation of beaming end of sizing machine.
Fig. 12. Front elevation of same.
Fig. 13. Plan of same.
Fig. 14. Longitudinal section (enlarged scale).
My present improvements as applied to the warping and beaming machine refer
to a frictional driving motion and to counting or measuring apparatus and stop
motion. And as applied to the sizing machine refer to similar friction motion for
the quick and slow driving motion; the measuring motion; the method of driving
the steam drying cylinders; and to the presser for lapping the yarn upon the beam,
and to the motion for driving the yarn beam. The other parts of the machine are
constructed in the ordinary way and are not described in this Specification and are
to a large extent omitted from the drawings.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 5 my improved friction driving motion is shown applied
to the warp drum or roller. The driving is carried out through peripheral friction
driving pulleys or wheels with inclined faces on their peripheries. Forming part
of or attached to the side of the strap or driving pulley A which is loose upon its
shaft and is constantly revolving is a friction pulley B with two inclined friction
faces a and b. Placed and working in proximity to the pulley B is a second
pulley C with an inclined or V face e on its periphery. The pulley C is keyed to
the shaft and as it is rotated imparts motion thereto. The external inclined face c
of the periphery of the pulley C works into or against the internal face of the
pulley B and when in contact the motion of the pulley B is conveyed to the
pulley C. The pulleys B and C are thrown into and out of contact by means of a
pivoted or pendulum lever D carrying a loose pulley E. The lever D is provided
with an inclined face d resting against a stud or bracket carried by the weighted
lever F. of the setting on motion or treadle. The loose pulley E is also provided

page_text: .
with a V or inclined face e which can be brought to bear against the corre-
sponding V or inclined face a of the pulley B. When the treadle fis depressed
the stud sliding up the inclined face d of the lever D forces it forward and
forces the two external inclined faces a and e of the pulleys B and E together and
the same action moves the pulleys A and B along the shaft and brings the internal
inclined face of the pulley B against the external inclined or V face c of the
pulley C thus setting it in motion and giving motion to the driving shaft. By this
arrangement of frictional driving mechanism the starting and stopping of the
machine is much more under control and a number of toothed gearing wheels are
dispensed with.
Instead of driving the pin rollers from a pulley fixed on the driving shaft I extend
my system of frictional driving by forming a second inclined friction face c¹ on the
side of the pulley C to engage with an internal inclined face 9 on a strap pulley G loose
on the shaft. The pulley C slides on a feather or key on the shaft and as the pulley B
is forced or pressed against the pulley C it is forced or pressed against the strap
pulley G giving motion thereto which is transferred therefrom to the pin rollers by
the strap g. By this arrangement when the machine is not at work the pulleys and
rollers are loose and free for backing off.
Referring to Figs. 2, and 6 to my improvements in counting or measuring
apparatus and stop motion are shown in two modified forms. These are designed
to indicate the amount of yarn which has passed through the machine or has been
wound upon the beam and also to automatically stop the machine when the required
amount has been wound upon the beam. The apparatus I construct with two or
more figured dials H H H which act as indicators indicating tens, hundreds and
thousands of yards respectively. The dials may be fixed and rotating fingers h h¹
may be employed to indicate thereon as in Figs. 8 and 9 or the rotating fingers may
be dispensed with and the faces of the actuating wheels be formed and figured
for dials as in Figs. 2, 6 and 7 and fixed or stationary fingers or pointers be used
(not shewn in the drawings). On the rotating drum or boss I a slot or notch i
is cut into which a projection or lug j on the stop lever J drops when the
required length of yarn has been passed through or beamed. By setting the
dials and fingers to the figures which indicate the length of yarn to be beamed
the machine will be stopped automatically when the required length is reached by
the lug on the stop lever J falling into the notch i thereby releasing the upright
lever J¹ which stops the machine in the usual way by allowing the treadle to rise
and throwing friction (or other) driving mechanism out of gear.
In Figs. 6 and 7 a worm k on the end of the measuring roller K gears with and
rotates a worm wheel H each revolution of the roller moving the wheel forward
one tooth. The wheel H is inscribed with a dial on its face and each revolution
indicates twenty yards. On the face of the wheel or dial H is a projection k¹ which
at each revolution raises the pawl L and advances the wheel H¹ one tooth. The
wheel H is inscribed with a dial on its face indicating hundreds. The wheel H¹
carries a pawl or single tooth e which engages with the wheel H" and at each
revolution advances it one tooth. The face of the wheel H" is also inscribed with
a dial and indicates thousands. Affixed to the wheel and dial H" is a drum
or boss I which rotates with it and in this drum or boss a notch i is cut to allow
the stop lever J to fall when it comes opposite to the projection j. This drum can
be set to allow the lever to fall when any desired length of yarn has been beamed.
The pawl prevents the wheel H' turning in the wrong or reverse direction and
the pawl or weighted lever 1" engages with teeth on the wheel H", and prevents
the wheel Hand drum I moving more than one tooth at a time or in the reverse
direction. It is obvious that rotating fingers may be attached to spindles of the
wheels H H H" and stationary indicating dials be affixed to the frame but at
present I prefer the arrangement shewn.
11
In Figs. 8 and 9 a modified form is shewn the worm k on the end of the measuring
roller gears into the wheel K on the spindle k¹ on the other end of which is a
rotating finger h which indicates on the fixed stationary dial H; indicating tens.

page_text: On the spindle is a second worm gearing into the worm wheel K" on the
spindle in. On the other end of the spindle is the rotating finger which
indicates on the fixed dial H indicating thousands. The drum or boss I is affixed
to the wheel Kor to the spindle 11 so as to rotate with the finger and is provided
with a notch into which the projection j on the stop lever J falls allowing the
stop lever to fall when the beam is full. A spring clutch or clutch wheel M M' is
attached to each of the wheels K₁ K" to allow of the fingers being rotated to set
them against any indication on the dials. By setting the fingers opposite any
desired figure or indication on the dials H H when the notch i comes to the top
the projection j falls into it and stops the machine when the desired quantity of
yarn is beamed.
one
Referring to Fig. 10 my improvements for driving the steam drying cylinders
of sizing machines are shewn. Hitherto these cylinders N N¹ have been caused
to revolve by the drag of the yarn upon them and the drag or strain thus
occasioned on fine yarns has been found to be very objectionable. Many attempts
have been made to drive the cylinders mechanically but have failed on account
of the great difficulty in obtaining the relative speed to correspond with the
various diameters of the cylinders and other relative speeds and motions of the
other moving parts of the machine. I accomplish this object by applying
or more rollers on the surface of the cylinder or cylinders by which a uniform
surface driving is accomplished. By this arrangement the so called drag, draw
and nip rollers may be dispensed with and thereby important advantages are
obtained. The so called drag, draw and nip rollers have hitherto been placed
near to the finished yarn beam thus causing what is called in practice a very
short "ratch" of yarn; at this point there is considerable strain or stretch to
the yarn and there is only a very short length of yarn not more than ten inches.in
length to permit of the so called ratch.
By dispensing with the drag, draw and nip rollers the length of yarn which is
subjected to the ratch is greatly increased say from ten inches to about four
hundred and fifty inches and the greater elasticity prevents injury to the yarn.
The surface driving roller O or rollers which I place on the outer circumference
or periphery of the cylinder N or cylinders are driven from the side shaft O' of
the machine by a chain o or by toothed or other gear and the side shaft O' is also
connected to and drives the copper delivery rollers in the size box at the same or
corresponding relative speed and delivery as that of the cylinders.
Referring to Figs. 11 to 14 my improvements for lapping the yarn on to the
beam are shown. In lapping the yarn upon the beam after being sized it is
customary to apply a presser which consists of a pair of revolving rollers p sup-
"ported by a carriage P and hell thereby in surface contact with the yarn as it is
wound upon the beam. I have designed or contrived an improved arrangement for
supporting and actuating or moving the carriage P so that it may have a rocking
or swivelling motion to adjust itself and maintain the rollers parallel to the centre
line of the warp beam. To the under side of the carriage P is affixed a rack R
which is supported by an adjustable bracket R₁ and actuated by a toothed
quadrant or wheel on the ordinary rocking shaft r. The rack R is connected
to the carriage P by means of a swivel or pivoted socket p³. The quadrant
permits of any required adjustment of the bracket R' in which the rack R slides
to and fro. By the action of the toothed quadrant or wheel on the rack R
controlled by the weight the presser rollers p are maintained in contact with
the surface of the yarn on the beam the diagonal movement of the rack towards
the centre of the beam giving a uniform pressure from the commencement of
winding on the empty beam until it is full.
Where it is desired that the ends of the presser rollers p should move or
traverse laterally to expand to the full width of the beam in addition to their
rotatory motion upon the surface of the yarn I cut or chase a sharp screw
thread on one
or more of the small bowls or runners pupon which the
rollers p rest or upon the rollers p either wholly or partly round them. The

page_text: '
frictional contact of the rollers p with the screw thread on the bowls tends to
move the roller laterally and when the roller is divided it is caused thereby to
expand to the full width of the beam. Or one roller p may be moved to the left
and the other to the right. When the screw thread is applied to the rollers the
ends are moved by the contact of the screws with the yarn on the beam.
In the sizing machine frictional driving mechanism with double rim friction may
be applied to the yarn beam similar to that described in reference to Fig. 5 as
applied to the warping and beaming but I have not shown it again. in the
drawings.
With either my improved frictional driving gear or with the ordinary friction
gear which is shown in the drawings I apply an improved self acting arrangement
to regulate or vary the frictional grip or pressure as the diameter of the yarn
lapped on the beam increases. On the presser shaft or shaft which actuates the
presser PI place the upright lever S which moves with the shaft so that the upper
end of this lever moves forward as the diameter of the beam, increases. To the
upper end of the lever I connect by means of a link s a weight s which slides to
and fro on the horizontal lever S' pivoted to a suitable bracket supported by the
frame. The second lever S¹ is connected by means of the pivoted bifurcated
lever with the friction driving mechanism. As the yarn beam increases in
diameter the weight s¹ is moved towards the end of the horizontal lever S¹ and a
greater pressure is exerted through the lever upon the friction driving
mechanism.
The slow motion which is required when broken threads occur I also prefer
to obtain by similar friction gear. To the loose strap pulley T I connect the
small peripheral frictional pulley t so that the same rotates therewith and on the
same shaft I affix a large friction pulley t' which rotates with the shaft.
On a
swinging counter shaft UI place two friction pulleys u u' to gear with the
pulleys t t when the slow motion is required the pulleys u u¹ are brought into
contact with the pulleys t t and the strap set to rotate the loose pulley T,
The rims of the pulleys may be connected and disconnected automatically by a
link connecting the setting on lever and the swinging shaft U.
I simplify the present measuring motion by placing a double carrier wheel W
instead of a single transport wheel between the tin roller or measuring roller
wheel w and the third wheel w¹ which conveys motion to the marker shaft. By
this arrangement I reduce the number of change wheels required and to a large
extent obviate the many tedious calculations and changes which were hitherto
necessary to arrive at true and correct measurement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Frictional driving mechanism for warping, beaming or sizing machines having
pulleys such as A B and C provided with inclined friction faces in combination
with a loose pulley on a pivoted or pendulum lever by which the friction pulleys
are pressed or forced together substantially as described.
2. The combination with the frictional driving mechanism referred to in Claim 1,
where the pulley C is capable of sliding on a key or feather of the second inclined
friction face c¹ and the friction pulley & provided with friction face g substantially
as and for the purpose described.
3. The counting apparatus and stop motion for a warping or beaming machine
having the several parts constructed and arranged in combination substantially as
described and shewn with reference either to Figs. 6 and 7 or to Figs. 8 and 9.
4. In a sizing machine the combination with the drying cylinder or cylinders of a
driving roller or rollers O applied to the surface of the cylinder in rolling contact
therewith whereby a uniform surface or peripheral movement is obtained rendering
the ordinary draw, drag or nip rollers unnecessary and preventing undue strain
upon the yarn substantially as described.

page_text: 5. In a sizing machine the presser P for lapping the yarn on to the beam
provided with a rocking or swivelling movement the rack for holding it against the
yarn beam and the wheel or quadrant actuating the rack which permits of the
adjustment of the supporting bracket arranged in combination substantially as
described.
6. In a sizing machine the forming of the bowls upon which the presser rollers
rest or the ends of the presser rollers in the carriage P with screw threads for the
purpose of expanding the rollers or moving them laterally to the full extent of the
yarn beam substantially as described.
7. In a yarn sizing machine the combination with the friction mechanism which
actuates the yarn beam of a self acting pressure adjusting mechanism consisting of
a weight sliding on a horizontal pivoted lever controlled by a lever attached to or
acting with the presser shaft whereby as the yarn beam increases in diameter the
weight or pressure applied also increases substantially as described.
8. In a sizing machine the combination with the loose driving pulley T of the
friction pulleys t t¹ the swinging shaft U and the friction pulleys u u' substantially
as and for the purpose described.
9. In a sizing machine the combination with the measuring roller wheel w and
the third wheel w' which conveys motion to the marker shaft of the double carrier
wheel W substantially as and for the purpose described and shown.
Dated this 24th day of February 1893.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool, and London, Patent Agents.