Improvements in Crushing Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 16th July, 1900-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1900
Improvements in Crushing Machines.
We, ROBERT ABBOTT HADFIELD, of Parkhead House, Sheffield, in the County
of York, Steel Manufacturer, and ALEXANDER GEORGE MCKENZIE JACK, of Fir
Vale House, Sheffield, aforesaid, Steel Works Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention has reference to an improved manufacture of crushing machines
for breaking stone and analogous matters of the type comprising crushing jaws
one of which has vibratory motion imparted to it from a driven shaft through an
eccentric, a connecting rod or pitman and toggles furnished with adjusting means
the said vibratory jaw being moreover provided with drawback gear as well under-
stood. Our object is to produce machines of this known class which for a given
capacity shall be much lighter, stronger and more easily and cheaply transport-
able than machines of the like kind as heretofore usually constructed.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shows a side elevation of a crushing machine of known type;
Fig. 2 a longitudinal vertical section;
Fig. 3 a transverse section partly on the line a a and partly on the line 3 b,
Fig. 1; and
Fig. 4 is plan view partly in horizontal section on the line cc, Fig. 2.
A solid casting of toughened steel hereinafter called the main casting of the
machine comprises, in one practically homogeneous body besides other parts
hereinafter specified, the main frame 1 (shown formed with rounded or curved
ends) the necessary bearings 2 and 3 and the feet 4 on which the machine rests
and whereby it is secured to its foundations. The end 1" of the frame 1 consti-
tutes the abutment for the fixed jaw which is a compound or built up structure
comprising a solid cast steel bearing plate 5 shaped to conform with the internal
formation of that end of the frame, between which and the plate 5 there is inter-
posed a backing 7 of soft or easily melted metal such as lead or spelter; at the
reverse side of the plate 5 there is provided a renewable facing 6 of manganese
steel between which and the said plate there is interposed a backing 7" of soft or
easily melted metal such as lead or spelter; the backings 7 and 7 are intended
to ensure the renewable facing 6 being evenly supported, whilst the arrangement
is such as to greatly reduce the weight and cost of renewal of the renewable
facing 6, which is secured in place by manganese steel side cheeks or liner plates 6º.
The internal surface of the end 1° of the frame may be flat instead of curved, in '
which case the bearing plate 5 can be dispensed with. A steel casting 8 forms
the main body of the vibrating jaw of the machine; it is fitted with a steel
shaft 9, which rests at each end in the lined bearings 2 of the main frame 1. The *
shaft 9 may be a plain finished shaft and the casting 8 may be cast around it, .
whereby the expense of boring the casting and fitting the shaft therein as in the
usual practice is avoided. To prevent endwise movement of the shaft 9 in cases
where the casting 8 is cast around it, the shaft may be formed with one or more
enlargements or roughened portions. The casting 8 is formed with a recess in its

page_text: front side into which there is fitted a renewable facing 10 of manganese steel
provided with a backing 11 of soft or easily melted metal such as lead or spelter.
That surface of the casting 8 against which the backing 11 rests is (or may be)
planed, and the renewable facing 10 and backing 11 are held in position by a
wedge 12, bolts 13 and nuts 13". The renewable jaw facings 6 and 10 are (or
may be) each formed on the crushing surface with teeth as shown and made with
indentations or corrugations on the back so that the manganese steel casting con-
stituting each such facing will be of approximately equal thickness throughout.
The backings 7 and 11 are or may be secured to the manganese steel facings 6
and 10 respectively by being cast upon the backs thereof, pins or projections being
provided so as to connect the backings to the facings." The manganese steel
jaw facings 6 and 10 are reversible end for end.
The connecting rod or pitman 15 is of toughened cast steel with a suitable
Babbitt's metal upper bearing liner 16, and a solid gun-metal lower bearing
liner 16 which can be adjusted by cotters 17. Between these liners there works
the eccentric 18 of the shaft 18 which is of forged mild steel and is supported in
the bearings 3 of the main frame 1; the caps of the bearings 2 and 3 are of solid,
steel, are heavily babbitted as shown in Fig. 3, and are formed with oil boxes
having covers suitably secured thereto. The toggles 19 are of manganese steel
and have wrought iron handles cast in them; their ends rest in manganese steel
seats or blocks 20, 20ª, 20b carried respectively by the connecting rod 15, the
vibrating jaw casting 8, and an adjustable cast iron abutment 21.
The arrangement as illustrated for adjusting the abutment 21 comprises a cast
iron wedge 22 arranged between the abutment 21 and the end of the frame, which
wedge is provided with screws 23 that pass through a flange or lip 24 constituting
an integral part of the main casting of the machine, which screws are fitted with
adjusting nuts 25. 26, 26ª are two cast iron fly wheels which are secured one on
each end of the shaft 18 and serve to balance the machine, when crushing.
A driving belt pulley 27 is securely bolted to the arms of the fly wheel 26; a
loose pulley with gun metal bush can be mounted upon an extension of the driving
shaft 18, when desired. The drawback gear comprises a rod 28 attached to the
casting 8 and extending through a lug 29 forming an integral part of the main
casting of the machine and provided with india rubber springs 30 with interposed
wrought iron washers 30 and a nut 31 as shown; other kinds of springs may be
employed.
By combining as in the example illustrated, a main casting such as described
of toughened steel with manganese steel renewable jaw facings, manganese steel
toggle blocks and manganese steel seats therefor, we are enabled to increase the
strength, greatly reduce the weight and exterior dimensions, and increase the
portability and lessen the cost of carriage of a crushing machine of the type
referred to. Thus we can produce a strong and efficient crushing machine accord-
ing to our invention weighing only about five tons whereas a machine of the same
type and capacity constructed in the manner heretofore usual has commonly
weighed about eight to ten tons. Notwithstanding this reduction in weight, the
various parts of the machine when constructed as herein described are considerably
stronger than when constructed as heretofore.
Sometimes in making a crushing machine having a main casting such as
described we produce such casting of steel other than toughened steel.
Also we in some cases use materials other than those specified in the making
of other of the hereinabove enumerated parts of our improved crushing machine.
In some cases, in a crushing machine of the kind referred to, we combine a
manganese steel main casting, cast steel jaws and cast steel toggles. In other
cases in such a machine we combine a cast steel main casting, manganese steel
jaws and cast steel toggles. Sometimes we combine in such a machine a cast
steel main casting, cast steel jaws and manganese steel toggles. Special advan-
tages of machines constructed in accordance with this invention are that, owing
to the reduction in weight, they are more portable occupy less room, are more

page_text: easily handled and their cost of transport lessened, whilst their cost will be approxi-
mately the same as those hitherto in use, but the machines will be stronger and
capable of turning out more work and standing more severe treatment.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1899.
p
We, ROBERT ABBOTT HADFIELD, of Parkhead House, Sheffield, in the County
of York, Steel Manufacturer, and ALEXANDER GEORGE MCKENZIE JACK, of Fir
Vale House, Sheffield, aforesaid, Steel Works Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention has reference to an improved manufacture of crushing machines
for breaking stone and analogous matters of the type comprising crushing jaws
one of which has vibratory motion imparted to it from a driven shaft through an
eccentric, a connecting rod or pitman and toggles furnished with adjusting means
the said vibratory jaw being moreover provided with drawback gear as well under-
stood. Our object is to produce machines of this known class which for a given
capacity shall be much lighter, stronger and more easily and cheaply transport-
able than machines of the like kind as heretofore usually constructed.
Referring to the drawings, filed with our Provisional Specification,
Fig. 1 shows a side elevation of a crushing machine of known type;
Fig. 2 a longitudinal vertical section;
Fig. 3 a transverse section partly on the line a a and partly on the line b b,
Fig. 1; and
Fig. 4 is a plan view partly in horizontal section on the line c c, Fig. 2.
A solid casting of toughened steel hereinafter called the main casting of the
machine comprises, in one practically homogeneous body besides other parts
hereinafter specified, the main frame (shown formed with rounded or curved
ends) the necessary bearings 2 and 3 and the feet 4 on which the machine rests
and whereby it is secured to its foundations. The end 1" of the frame 1 consti-
tutes the abutment for the fixed jaw which is a compound or built up structure
comprising a solid cast steel bearing plate 5 shaped to conform with the internal
formation of that end of the frame, between which and the plate 5 there is inter-
posed a backing 7 of soft or easily melted metal such as lead or spelter; at the
reverse side of the plate 5 there is provided a renewable facing 6 of manganese
steel between which and the said plate there is interposed a backing 7ª of soft or
easily melted metal such as lead or spelter; the backings 7 and 7" are intended
to ensure the renewable facing 6 being evenly supported, whilst the arrangement
is such as to greatly reduce the weight and cost of renewal of the renewable
facing 6, which is secured in place by manganese steel side cheeks or liner plates 6".
The internal surface of the end 1 of the frame may be flat instead of curved, in
which case the bearing plate 5 can be dispensed with. A steel casting 8 forms
the main body of the vibrating jaw of the machine; it is fitted with a steel
shaft 9, which rests at each end in the lined bearings 2 of the main frame 1. The.
shaft 9 may be a plain finished shaft and the casting 8 may be cast around it,

page_text: whereby the expense of boring the casting and fitting the shaft therein as in the
usual practice is avoided. To prevent endwise movement of the shaft 9 in cases
where the casting 8 is cast around it, the shaft may be formed with one or more
enlargements or roughened portions. The casting 8 is formed with a recess in its
front side into which there is fitted a renewable facing 10 of manganese steel
provided with a backing 11 of soft or easily melted metal such as lead or spelter.
That surface of the casting against which the backing 11 rests is (or may be)
planed and the renewable facing 10 and backing 11 are held in position by a
wedge 12, bolts 13 and nuts 13". The renewable jaw facings 6 and 10 are (or
may be) each formed on the crushing surface with teeth as shown and made with
indentations or corrugations on the back so that the manganese steel casting con-
stituting each such facing will be of approximately equal thickness throughout.
The backings 7 and 11 are or may be secured to the manganese steel facings 6
and 10 respectively by being cast upon the backs thereof, pins or projections being
provided so as to connect the backings to the facings. The manganese steel
jaw facings 6 and 10 are reversible end for end.
The connecting rod or pitman 15 is of toughened cast steel with a suitable
Babbitt's metal upper bearing liner 16, and a solid gun-metal lower bearing
liner 16 which can be adjusted by cotters 17. Between these liners there works
the eccentric 18 of the shaft 18 which is of forged mild steel and is supported in
the bearings 3 of the main frame 1; the caps of the bearings 2 and 3 are of solid
steel, are heavily babbitted as shown in Fig. 3, and are formed with oil boxes
having covers suitably secured thereto. The toggles 19 are of manganese steel
and have wrought iron handles cast in them; their ends rest in manganese steel.
seats or blocks 20, 20ª, 20 carried respectively by the connecting rod 15, the
vibrating jaw casting 8, and an adjustable cast iron abutment 21.
The arrangement as illustrated for adjusting the abutment 21 comprises a cast
iron wedge 22 arranged between the abutment 21 and the end of the frame, which
wedge is provided with screws 23 that pass through a flange or lip 24 constituting
an integral part of the main casting of the machine, which screws are fitted with
adjusting nuts 25. 26, 20ª are two cast iron fly wheels which are secured one on
each end of the shaft 18 and serve to balance the machine, when crushing.
A driving belt pulley 27 is securely bolted to the arms of the fly wheel 26; a
loose pulley with gun metal bush can be mounted upon an extension of the driving
shaft 18, when desired. The drawback gear comprises a rod 28 attached to the
casting 8 and extending through a lu 29 forming an integral part of the main
casting of the machine and provided with india rubber springs 30 with interposed
wrought iron washers 30 and a nut 31 as shown; other kinds of springs may be
employed.
By combining as in the example illustrated, a main casting such as described
of toughened steel with manganese steel renewable jaw facings, manganese steel
toggle blocks and manganese steel seats therefor, we are enabled to increase the
strength, greatly reduce the weight and exterior dimensions, and increase the
portability and lessen the cost of carriage of a crushing machine of the type
referred to. Thus we can produce a strong and efficient crushing machine accord-
ing to our invention weighing only about five tons whereas a machine of the same
type and capacity constructed in the manner heretofore usual has commonly
weighed about eight to ten tons. Notwithstanding this reduction in weight, the
various parts of the machine when constructed as herein described are considerably
stronger than when constructed as heretofore.
Sometimes in making a crushing machine having a main casting such as
described we produce such casting of steel other than toughened steel.
Also we in some cases use materials other than those specified in the making
of other of the hereinabove enumerated parts of our improved crushing machine.
In some cases, in a crushing machine of the kind referred to, we combine a
manganese steel main casting, cast steel jaws and cast steel toggles. In other
cases in such a machine we combine a cast steel main casting, manganese steel

page_text: jaws and cast steel toggles. Sometimes we combine in such a machine a cast
steel main casting, cast steel jaws and manganese steel toggles. Special advan-
tages of machines constructed in accordance with this invention are that, owing
to the reduction in weight, they are more portable, occupy less room, are more
easily handled and the cost of transport lessened, whilst their cost will be approxi-
mately the same as those hitherto in use, but the machines will be stronger and
capable of turning out more work and standing more severe treatment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Constructing a crushing machine of the kind referred to with a main casting
of toughened steel, manganese steel renewable jaws, manganese steel toggles and
manganese steel seats therefor, whereby a machine is produced combining great
strength with lightness and portability as set forth.
2. Crushing machines of the kind referred to wherein the main frame, the jaws,
the toggles and the toggle seats or blocks are all made of cast steel or of man-
ganese steel or some of them of cast steel and other of manganese steel, substan-
tially as specified and for the purpose mentioned.
3. The hereinabove described improved manufacture of crushing machines such
as represented in the accompanying drawings.
Doted thia 11 dow R
Doted thi R
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.