IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OF HOT WATER HEATING APPARATUS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE GENERATION OF STEAK
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Harlow, of Macclesfield, in the
County of Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOILERS OF HOT WATER HEATING APPARATUS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE
GENERATION OF STEAK."
Sealed the 29th January 1875, and dated the 1st August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Harlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st August 1874.
I, BENJAMIN HARLOW, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OF HOT WATER HEATING APPARATUS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
THE GENERATION OF STEAK," to be as follows:-
These improvements more particularly refer to an Invention for which
Letters Patent, No. 2235, were granted to me on the 2nd day of August,
A.D. 1867, and consist in constructing a boiler on the samo principle as
that described in the Specification of my said former Patent, but instead

page_text: of leaving a space between the interior surface of the brickwork and the
outer parts of the boiler I construct the vertical tubes which formed a
feature of my former Invention of such a shape as to project or radiate
beyond the periphery of the ring into which their bottom ends are
jointed, and so as to leave less space between their outer edges and the
brickwork surrounding them than heretofore. The drum into which the
upper ends of the said vertical tubes are jointed is extended higher than
formerly in order to form a smoke box surrounding it and above the
upper ends of the vertical tubes which are flattened to receive a metallic
plate which rests upon them and forms the bottom of the said smoke
box. This metallic plato is capable of being turned partially round so
that by means of segmental holes formed through it and corresponding
in shape to the spaces between the vertical tubes such metallic plate
may perform the functions of a damper for controlling the draught in
the boiler to the greatest nicety, and at the same time offer no 1
obstruction to the cleaning out of the spaces between the vertical
tubes.
The cover of the smoke box herein-before mentioned is formed by an
annular plate preferably cast in one piece, the outer edge being bedded
down upon the brickwork enclosing the boiler, and the inner edge a
resting in a groove cast in the top edge of the smoke box so as to be
flush therewith. This plate can be readily removed at any time for
cleaning the smoko box and tubes. Instead of the metallic plate
containing the segmental holes herein-before mentioned I sometimes
employ a plain metallic plato covering about half of the top part of the g
tubes, and so placed with regard to the flue leading from above it that
it has the effect of causing the heat to go round the boiler before
entering the flue. This plate also serves as a template, shewing the
proper size of the inside of the brickwork enclosing the boiler, which in
this case I prefer should be square or rectangular in plan, with the sharp 3
corners taken off so as to approimate to the circular form of the boiler.
This plate can be at any time lifted out so as to expose the tubes for
cleaning purposes.
:
Instead of taking off the flow pipo from the upper end of the drum I
prefer to connect it to the side or periphery of such drum, and thus g
allow the opening for introducing fuel to be in the centre of the drum.
And when I construct a boiler with hollow fire-bars, and cause the
water to circulate. through the same, I connect-the lower ring of the

page_text: .
:
:
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boiler to the back portion of the fire-bars by a single vertical socket
joint, and allow the front portion of the boiler to rest upon the front of
the hollow fire-bars by means of two feet, which, together with the
socket herein-before mentioned, form a tripod stand: Similar feet are
cast depending from the front and back of the-fire-bars, and support
such fire-bars at the proper distance above the ground. This arrange-
ment renders the boiler entirely independant of the brickwork surround-
ing it, and saves much trouble and time in erecting. The two feet
which carry the front portion of the boiler may either be cast solid or
hollow; in large boilers I prefer to cast them hollow, when they add to
the heating surface of the boiler, but for small boilers they may be cast
solid. In this arrangement I prefer to have two return pipes with the
sockets sunk into and not projecting above the casting forming
front part of the fire-grate. The fire and ash-pit doors of my improved
boiler are hung at a suitable angle upon an oblique horizontal rail
'formed upon the door frame, and upon this rail the doors slide sideways
and thus dispense with the necessity of hinges.
j.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Harlow in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRÈSENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
HARLOW, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Engineer, send
greeting.
i
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing dato the First day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four; in the thirty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Benjamin Harlow, Her special licence that I, tlie
said Benjamin Harlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others' as I, the said Benjamin Harlow, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within-the
-United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an..Invention for ;" IMPROVEMENTS IN - BOILERS OF HOT
.

page_text: WATER HEATING APPARATUS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE GENERATION OF STEAM,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Harlow,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the 5
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Harlow, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to 1
bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The improvements more particularly refer to an Invention for which
Letters Patent, No. 2235, were granted to me on the 2nd day of August,
A.D. 1867, and consist in constructing a boiler on the same principle as 1
that described in the Specification of my said former Patent, but the
drum or upper annular ring into which the upper ends of the vertical
tubes are jointed in this Invention is extended higher than formerly in
order to form a smoko box surrounding it and above the upper ends of
the vertical tubes which are flattened to receive a metallic plate which
rests upon them and forms the bottom of the said smoke box. This
metallic plate is capable of being turned partially round, so that by
means of segmental holes formed through it and corresponding in shape
to the spaces between the vertical tubes, such metallic plate may perform
the function of a damper for controlling the draught in the boiler to the
greatest nicety, and at the same time offer no obstruction to the cleaning
out of the spaces between the vertical tubes.
The cover of the smoke box herein-before mentioned is formed by an
annular plate preferably cast in one piece, the outer edge being bedded
down upon the brickwork enclosing the boiler and the inner edge resting
in a groove cast in the top edge of the smoke box so as to be flush there-
with. This plate can be readily removed at any time for cleaning the
smoke box and tubes. Instead of the metallic plate containing the
segmental holes herein-before mentioned I sometimes employ a plain
metallic plate covering about half of the top part of the tubes, and so
placed with regard to the flue leading from above it that it has the effect
of causing the heat to go round the boiler before entering the flue.

page_text: This plate also serves as a template, shewing the proper size of the insido
of the brickwork enclosing the boiler. This plate can be at any time
lifted out so as to expose the tubes for cleaning purposes.
:
..
Instead of taking off the flow pipe from the upper end of the drum
I prefer to connect it to the side or periphery of such drum and thus
allow the opening for introducing fuel to be in the centre of the drum.
And when I construct a boiler with hollow fire-bars, and cause the
water to circulate through the same, I connect the lower ring of the
boiler to the back portion of the fire-bars by a single vertical socket
joint and allow the front portion of the boiler to rest upon the front of
the hollow fire-bars by means of two feet, which, together with the
socket herein-before mentioned, from a tripod stand. Similar feet áro
cast depending from the front and back of the fire-bars, and support
such fire-bars at the proper distance above the ground. This arrange-
ment renders the boiler entirely independant of the brickwork surround-
ing it and saves, much trouble and time in erecting. The two feet which
carry the front portion of the boiler may either be cast solid.or hollow;
in large boilers I prefer to cast them hollow, when they add to the
heating surface of the boiler, but for a small boiler they may be cast
solid. In this arrangement I prefer to have two return pipes with the
sockets sunk into and not projecting above the casting forming tho front
part of the fire-grate. The fire and ash-pit doors of my improved boiler
are hung at a suitable angle upon an oblique horizontal rail formed upon
the door frame, and upon this rail the doors slide sideways and thus
dispense with the necessity of hinges.
i
"
And in order that this my said Invention may be the more readily
understood and carried into practical effect, I have hereunto annexed a
Sheet of Drawings illustrative of my improvements in boilers.
Fig. I. is a perspective exterior view of my improved boiler, and
Fig. 2 is a view of a modification of the same.
Fig. 3 represents another form of boiler for the same purpose, which
may be used. separately or in conjunction with boilers constructed in
accordance with that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
-Similar-letters-are-used to denote similar parts in all the views.
A is the lower.annular ring from which all the vortical pipes rise, and
which is supported upon the hollow fire-bars B, the two feet B' resting

page_text: upon the dead plate in front; the other foot B' which constitutes part of
a socket joint takes into a female socket provided at the rear of the
hollow fire-bars. These fire-bars are raised to the required height from
the ground level to form the ash-pit upon the feet B³, and the return
pipes. of the heating apparatus are connected to the two female
sockets B'.
The vertical pipes O are jointed at their upper extremities (which for
this purpose are turned at right angles, as seen more plainly in the
detached vertical pipe marked O¹) to the drum or upper annular ring D
which is extended higher than formerly in order not only that the flow
pipe D¹
may be taken off at the side as illustrated (instead of from off
the top as heretofore) so that a smoke box may be formed. around its
exterior, the lower portion of such smoke box being formed by means of
a metallic plate Ds (see Fig. 2) which rests upon the flattened upper
extremitics of the vertical pipes C, and is capable of being partially
turned round horizontally so that the segmental holes D³ formed through
it may be opened more or less with regard to the corresponding shaped
spaces between the vertical pipes, and thus control the draught in the
boiler whilst the upper part of such smoke box is formed by means of
the cover plate E, shewn detached, which is bedded in motar upon the
top of the brickwork surrounding the boiler, the circular hole E' formed
through such plate being made to fit accurately upon the annular ledge
E surrounding the top of the annular ring D so that the upper surface
of the cover plate and the annular ring are flush one with the other.
This arrangement of boiler permits the opening for the supply of fuel to 2
bo disposed in the centre of the upper annular ring, and thus also
facilitates the introduction of a self-acting feed hopper.
It will thus be apparent that this construction of boiler is complete in
itself, and only requires to be placed in position and the brickwork to be
built around it. The furnace and ash-pit doors F are arranged to slide 3
sideways, being hung at a suitable angle, as illustrated upon an obliquo
hozintal ledge F' projecting from the front of the furnace frame.
Instead of having the bottom of the smoke box formed with
segmental holes such plate may be made solid and extended only half
across the top of the vertical tubes (see G, Fig. 1) and thus compel the 3
flame and products of combustion to take a somewhat circuitous

page_text: course and to more effectually envelope the vertical tubes before
reaching the flue.
The boiler represented in Fig. 3 is constructed of cast-iron, and is of
what is termed the saddle description, the inner and outer shells H and I
communicating together at the bottom and through the side openings J.
This boiler is designed to be covered on the outside with non-conducting
material, for which purpose the longitudinal ribs K are cast upon it.
When worked alone the furnace is placed inside upon the fire-bars L,
and after the flame has passed to the rear of the boiler it may be either
brought over the upper flue M and thence escape through the two side
flues N to the chimney, or may first pass from the furnace along the side
flues N and thence through the upper flue M into the chimney, accord-
ing to the manner in which the boiler is fixed. This boiler may be used
as an economiser for that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, in which case no
fire-bars would be needed, the products of combustion being caused to
pass through this boiler on their way to the chimney.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
my said Invention, together with the best methods with which I am
acquainted for carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
understood that I claim the general construction of boilers illustrated on
the accompanying Drawing and herein-before described.
2nd. The manner of mounting my improved boiler and connecting
the same to the hollow fire-bars, together with the novel arrangement of
smoke box and draught controlling apparatus, substantially as and for
the purpose described.
In witness whoneof I the Beniamin Forlow have hereunto set.