IMPROVEMENTS IN CABLE TELEGRAPHING AT GREAT DISTANCES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1885

page_text: in Apparatus therefor.
I PETER JENSEN Fel. Inst. P. A. of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
CABLE TELEGRAPHING AT GREAT DISTANCES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Eugen Baron von Taund-Szyll of Graz to be as
follows:-
In contradistinction to all previously applied systems of cable telegraphy this,
invention depends upon the indirect application of the cable current for the
rendering of the signs or writing, and so that the cable current which in any wise
is very weak has not any more to perform a new work surpassing its strength,
that is to say that it will have nothing to do except to produce a minimum
mechanical movement which sets in action a strong local battery by the aid of
which powerful writing apparatus movements are then produced. These powerful
movements are then able to produce distinct writing signs This system of tele-
graphy which aptly may be called a selenodifferential recorder consists of two main
parts viz: 1. the receiver and releaser proper, and 2 the relay or simultaneous
writing apparatus that is the differential recorder.
The receiver consists of a tightly closed box containing in an interior compart-
ment a powerful source of light the rays from which can pass out through two
small narrow slits. As light source an intense glow lamp may advantageously be
applied which is placed close behind the partition.
The releaser consists of a small spool frame similar to Sir William Thomson's
syphon recorder which is suspended in a silk fibre and is movable within a very
powerful magnetic field. The small frame has a lower prolongation or shutter
which is of triangular section, and which hangs so in front of the partition of the
box as to cover exactly the slits and thus also, when the frame is at rest, prevents
the light rays from the glow lamp from passing out through the slits.
the cable current passes through the wires into the coils of the spool of the frame,
then the frame will be swung lightly to the left or right all according to the.
But when

page_text: polarity of the current and thus be brought nearer, to one of the magnet poles.
As the lower prolongation or shutter partakes of this motion it will open for the
slit and let the light rays out of the box. The light is thus released.
In order to regulate the frame so that it does not come into a pendulous motion
and so that it may return from a movement into a position of rest and without
going off into an opposite direction a small plate is suspended from the aforesaid
shutter and dips into a small glass which is filled with a mixture of glycerine and
water to impede its motion.
The arrangement of the differential recorder is as follows:-Within the box but
in front of the slits in the aforesaid back partition two powerful convex or collecting
lenses are placed the foci of which coincide with two selenium cells and so that
when one or other of the slits is left open by the shutter the light rays will be
concentrated by the collecting lense and be thrown on the selenium cell on its
opposite side. By the light falling on the selenium the resistance which it offers
to an electric current flowing round it will as is well known be altered. Two
polarised horse shoe magnets carrying soft iron polar cores with powerful coils of
the finest wire are so arranged opposite each other that their like poles are cross-
ways opposite, the south pole of one just opposite a north pole of the other.
Between the poles of the magnets a steel magnet or armature is mounted to turn
on a vertical spindle which armature by means of four helical springs is so adjusted
that its sides are equidistant from the four pole pieces of the two horse shoe
magnets whilst the current traverses their coils. It is now to be seen that a
difference ever so small in the attraction of the four poles will draw the armature
to one side or the other and both the intensity of such movement and its exactness
may be regulated by the helical springs..
The coils of one magnet are by a wire connected with the corresponding selenium
cell of a local battery and an inserted variable resistance or coil, and the coils of
the other magnet similarly by a wire with the other selenium cell of another local
battery with an inserted variable resistance. The local batteries have several
elements. The current from the first named battery goes to its selenium cell, then
through the coils of the magnet and the resistance coil back to the battery. In
like manner a current from the other battery goes to its selenium cell, then through
the coils of the magnet and the resistance coil back to the battery. The two
currents are consequently quite separate and distinct from each other.
'
If now the cable current enters the small frame in such manner as to turn it
towards the south pole, then the shutter will open for the light rays to come out
through the slit towards the north pole and to be collected by the lense in front of
the north pole to be thrown on to the corresponding selenium cell. This is all the
work which the cable current has to do.
In consequence of the light rays falling on the selenium cell this latter will
offer quite a different resistance to the current passing through it from the
battery to that which it offered before the rays fell on it. Through this varying
resistance however the current from the local battery is strengthened, but as it
flows round the magnet the latter will be weakened, and hence the other magnet
being the stronger will draw the armature to it and thus turn it. If a light
ray passes out through the other slit (by the opposite movement of the small
frame) on to the other selenium cell, the same action will take place with regard
to the other magnet and the armature be turned in the opposite direction.
The peculiar arrangement of the magnet poles is in order that the poles should
mutually support each other and in the manner first described. The north ple
of one magnet attracts the south pole of the armature and is assisted herein
by the repelling force of the south pole of the same magnet. This assistance by
the repelling action paralyses that of the north pole of the other magnet on the
north pole of the arinature. As soon as the cable current ceases and the small
frame returns to its position of rest the slits will again be covered by the shutter,
and the selenium cell in question assumes its normal resistance whereby the diffe-
rential action of the polarized magnets again ceases and the armature returns to its

page_text: position of rest, or rather the forces which brought it out of the state of rest come
into equilibrium again. The inserted resistances have for object to paralyse the
resistance variation of the selenium per se that is to say to render possible a
correction relatively thereto and to equalize the resistances of the two current
circuits (the inner and the outer).
The armature is so combined with a writing instrument that it directly or
indirectly puts the writing lever into motion.
The whole first part of the apparatus including the lenses and selenium cells,
that is to say the sensitive part which easily may get out of order, may be kept
air-and-dust-tight under glass, and may be protected against unusual light varia-
tions by another covering of opaque material (also placed in a separate space) and
only the differential recorder (the writing apparatus) need stand in the work room.
Dated this Second day of February 1885.

page_text: Prograping av
CICAL Distances an
in Apparatus therefor.
I PETER JENSEN Fel. Inst. P. A. of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this Invention a communication to mo
from abroad by Eugen Baron von Taund-Szyll of Graz and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In contradistinction to all previously applied systems of cable telegraphy this
Invention depends upon the indirect application of the cable current for the
rendering of the signs or writing, and so that the cable current which in any wise
is very weak has not any more to perform a new work surpassing its strength, that
is to say that it will have nothing to do except to produce a minimum mechanical
movement which sets in action a strong local battery by the aid of which powerful
writing apparatus movements are then produced. Those powerful movements are
then able to produce distinct writing signs. This system of telegraphy which
aptly may be called selenodifferential recorder consists of two main parts viz 1. the
receiver and releaser proper, and 2. the relay or simultaneous writing apparatus
that is the differential recorder.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a perspective vertical sectional view
of the receiver, Figure 2 a plan section of the apparatus, and Figures 3 and 4 are
detail views.
The receiver consists of a tightly closed box K Figures 1 and 2, containing in
an interior compartment a powerful source of light the rays from which can pass
out through two small narrow slits a and a' shown also to a larger scale in side
view Figure 3 and plan section Figure 4. As light source an intense glow lamp g
may advantageously be applied, which is placed close behind the partition shewn
in Figure 2.
The releaser consists of a small spool frame similar to Sir William Thomson's
syphon recorder which is suspended in a silk fibre and is movable within a very
powerful magnetic field NS. The small framer has as shewn in all the figures
a lower prolongation or shutter which is of triangular section, and which hangs
so in front of the partition of box K as to cover exactly the slits a a¹ and thus
also, when the framer is at rest prevents the light rays from the glow lamp g from
passing out through the slits a a¹. But when the cable current passes through the
wires y y into the coils of the spool of the frame r, then the frame will be
swung lightly to the left or right all according to the polarity of the current and
thus be brought nearer to one of the magnet poles. As the lower prolongation or
shutter v partakes of this motion it will open for the slit a or a¹ and let the light
rays out of the box K. The light is thus released.
In order to regulate the frame r so that it does not come into a pendulous
motion and so that it may return from a movement into a position of rest and
without going off into an opposite direction a small plate pis suspended from the
aforesaid shutter and dips into a small glass o which is filled with a mixture of
glycerine and water to impede its motion,

page_text: The arrangement of the differential recorder is as follows:-Within the box K
but in front of the slits a a' in the aforesaid back partition two powerful convex
or collecting lenses and are placed the foci of which coincide with two selenium
cells and z and so that when one or other of the slits a a¹ is left open by the
shutter v, the light rays will be concentrated by the collecting lense and be thrown
on the selenium cell on its opposite side. By the light falling on the selenium the
resistance which it offers to an electric current flowing round it will as is well
known be altered. Two polarized horse shoe magnets M M carrying soft iron
polar cores with powerful coils d of the finest wire are so arranged opposite
each other that their like poles are crossways opposite, the south pole of one
just opposite a north pole of the other. Between the poles of the magnets M. M'
a steel magnet or armature A is mounted to turn on a vertical spindle i which
armature by means of four helical springs f is so adjusted that its sides are equi-
distant from the four pole pieces ns and n¹ s¹ of the two horse shoe magnets M M³,
whilst the current traverses their coils. It is now to be seen that a difference ever-
so small in the attraction of the four poles will draw the armature to one side or
the other, and both the intensity of such movement and its exactness may be
regulated by the helical springs f
•
The coils of one magnet M are by a wire connected with the corresponding
selenium cell z of a local battery B and an inserted variable resistance or coil W
and the coils of the other magnet M similarly by a wire with the other selenium'
cell of another local battery B₁ with an inserted variable resistance W'. The.
local batteries have several elements. The current from the first named battery B-
goes to its selenium cell z then through the coils of the magnet M and the
resistance coil W₁ back to the battery. In like manner a current from the other
battery B¹ goes to its selenium cell z, then through the coils of the magnet M' and
the resistance coil W' back to the battery B. The two currents are consequently
quite separate and distinct from each other.
If now the cable current enters the small frame in such manner as to turn it
towards the south pole S, then the shutter will open for the light rays to come
out through the slit a¹ towards the north pole N and to be collected by the lense ¹
in front of the north pole and to be thrown onto the corresponding selenium cell z¹.
This is all the work which the cable current has to do.
In consequence of the light rays falling on the selenium cell 2¹ this latter will
offer quite a different resistance to the current passing through it from the
battery B to that which it offered before the rays fell on it. Through this varying
resistance however the current froin the local battery B¹ is strengthened, but as it
flows round the magnet M', the latter will be weakened, and hence the other
magnet M being the stronger will draw the armature to it and thus turn it. If a
light ray passes out through the other slit a (by the opposite movement of the
small frame ) on to the other selenium cell, the same action will take place with
regard to the other magnet M and the armature be turned in the opposite direction.
The peculiar arrangement of the magnet poles is in order that the poles should
mutually support each other and in the manner first described. The north pole n
of one magnet Al attracts the south pole s of the armature A and is assisted herein
by the repelling force of the south poles of the same magnet. This assistance by
the repelling action paralyses that of the north. pole n¹ of the other magnet M¹ on
the north pole n of the armature. As soon as the cable current ceases and the
small frame returns to its position of rest the slits a a' will again be covered by
the shutter, and the selenium cell in question assumes its normal resistance whereby
the differential action of the polarized magnets M and M' again ceases and the
armature A returns to its position of rest, or rather the forces which brought it out
of the state of rest come into equilibrium again. The inserted resistances W W₁
bave for object to paralyse the resistance variation of the selenium per se, that is
to say, to render possible a correction relatively thereto and to equalize the resist-
ances of the two current circuits (the inner and the outer).

page_text: The armature is so combined with a writing instrument that it directly or
indirectly puts the writing lever into motion.
The whole first part of the apparatus including the lenses and selenium cells,
that is to say, the sensitive part which easily may get out of order, may be kept
air- and dust-tight under glass, and may be protected against unusual light variations
by another covering of opaque material (also placed in a separate space) and only,
the differential recorder (the writing apparatus) need stand in the work room.
The special advantages of this system are held to be:-
1. The sure action of the writing instrument.
2. The easily readable signs.
3. The possibility of telegraphing without special practice in contradistinction
to the other systems in which it may be called an art to do so.
4. The easy non-laborious work imposed upon the operator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as the Invention communicated to me is
First The method of compelling one or more polarized magnets to assume
a differential action and thus produce an armature movement by the aid of selenium
and by light rays from a source of light thrown thereupon by means of a cable
current.
Second-The method of putting a polarized writing instrument in motion by a'
local battery through means of selenium and the light rays from a source of light
directed thereupon by a cable current.
Third-The method of releasing a light ray which serves to vary the resistance
of the selenium through the instrumentality of a cable current, and for the purposes
of telegraphing.
Fourth-The construction of selenodifferential recorder or telegraphing apparatus
herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.