IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTION AND MEANS OF STOPPING IT IMMEDIATELY
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Florentin Garand, Mechanician, of Paris, (in the
Empiro of France,) and of 45, Essex Street, Strand, (London,) for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTION AND MEANS OF
STOPPING IT IMMEDIATELY."
Sealed the 31st July 1857, and dated the 3rd February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Garand (Florentin) at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1857.
I, GARAND (FLORENTIN), Mecanician, of Paris (in the Empire of France),
and of 45, Essex Street, Strand (London), do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTION AND MEANS
OF STOPPING IT IMMEDIATELY," to be as follows; and consists in a new mechanical
contrivance to be used instead of and as a substitute for the pieces called
engaging muffles.
This new combination has the great advantage of an instantaneous action
with the application of a slight force, whatever may be the power. it is
intended to transmit, and may be applied either to transmit the motion
imparted by a motive power to the working machines or engines, or alter-
nately in either direction, according to the requirements of the 'work. For
the former the apparatus is simple, and for the latter it is complex. This
latter only is represented in the annexed Drawing, as the former may be
readily inferred therefrom.

page_text: My new application is shewn in vertical section. In this Figure, the shaft a,
supported in proper bearings, is carrying towards its centre a set of pieces
actuated by a pin or key, which allows the said set to move laterally from
right to left, and vice versa. This motion may be imparted, as is usually done,
by means of an engaging fork that embraces the part b. Two pulleys c, c¹,
are set loose upon the shaft a, being actuated by any power by means of two
straps, one of which may be set across, thus causing the two pulleys to turn
with only one shaft inversely to one another. Between the two pulleys c, c¹,
the shaft a carries what I have called a set of pieces; consisting of the muffle d,
which admits at its ends four, five, six, or even eight rotula tubes, inferior
to those set at both ends of each lever f, f', consisting of two wormed parts,
the one with a right and the other with a left hand thread, so that on
turning the nut g, g¹, the levers f, f; may be lengthened or shortened ;
those at the opposite ends to the muffle d are actuating certain blocks e, e¹,
comprised in boxes supported in the plates h, h¹, and the centres of which
are crossed by the shaft d. These plates or pulleys h, h, pinned or keyed upon
the shaft a, are of a less diameter than the interior part of the pulley's c, c¹,
and serve to actuate the blocks e, e¹, so that the drawing levers f, f¹, have
no torsion to undergo, as they never act but like buttresses..
Although the rotula tubes alluded to are far preferable, yet the buttresses
ff, may be made with hinges at their ends; moreover, a half part of them
only may be wormed; or, again, they may be made of one piece.
It will therefore be easily understood that by moving the muffle d on
one side the blocks 'e will bear against the interior of the pulley c, and give
to the said muffle and shaft a rotary motion in the same direction as that in
which the pulley c is moving. To reverse the motion; it will only be, necessary
to move the muffled; so that the blocks e may bear against the interior of the
pulleylc in a similar manner.. A pinion is keyed upon the said shaft to
transmit the motion first in one direction and then in another when the
reverse movement is required. By placing the muffle din the centre of the
two pulleys c, c', the blocks e, e', are free from the said pulleys, and the shaft a
will be motionless.-
I think it proper to point out, the many advantages of this. new, application,
which allows an instantaneous action with a very slight force upon a very
strong motive power, so as to cause it directly to act; for as soon as the muffle da
is acted upon the motive power is seperated from the machine, actually. worked
by, it, therefore it will be, easy, to obtain alternate workings in opposite direc-
tions, and also to effect; the release mechanically, which results are of great
consequence in most cases.

page_text: It is obvious that for transmitting motion from a motive power to one or
several machines one pulley and one set of blocks will suffice, therefore
half of the apparatus herein described and represented will produce the
desired effect.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters 'Patent, filed
by the said Florentin Garand in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FLORENTIN
GARAND, Mechanician, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 45, Essex'
Street, Strand, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Florentin Garand, Her special licence that I, the said Florentin Garand, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Florentin
Garand, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agreo
with,, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING
MOTION AND MEANS OF STOPPING IT IMMEDIATELY," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Florentin Garand, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Florentia Garand, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:-
My Invention consists of a new mechanical contrivance to be used, as, a.
substitute for the pieces called "coupling muffles." It has the great advantage
of an instantaneous action with the application of a slight force, whatever be
the power intended to be transmitted or suppressed.

page_text: This combination may be applied as well for transmitting the movement of
a motive power to machines working in one, same, or opposite directions as to
'those working alternately in both directions. In the former case the apparatus
is simple, in the latter complex.
The annexed Drawing shows this, combination arranged for the latter case,
that is to say, for transmitting the movement of a motive power to a machine
working alternately in both directions. A shaft a, supported on proper. bear-
ings, is furnished with a set of pieces, which it drags in its circular motion.
Those pieces are pinned on the shaft in such a manner that they may slide
laterally upon
it either from right to left, or vice versa. This sliding move-
ment is imparted in the ordinary way by means of a fork embracing the
part b.
.
Two pulleys c, c', are mounted loosely on the shaft a; they receive the
action of any motive power by means of two endless bands passing round
'them. One of these bands may be set diagonally, thus allowing the two
pulleys to turn on the same shaft inversely to one another.
Between the two pulleys c, c', the shaft carries a muffle d, which receives at
both extremities the rotula or round heads of three, four, five, or more screws f
acting as levers. Those levers are formed of two screws ƒ & f', juxtaposed,
one of which has a right-handed and the other a left-handed thread. The s
two screws are united together by means of a nut g, so that by turning it they
are lengthened or shortened. The heads of the upper screws f¹ act upon the
blocks e, e', contained in boxes supported by the plates h, ', through the centre
of which passes the shaft a.
Those plates h, h¹, are pinned on the shaft a; they are of a smaller diameter
than the inside of the pulleys c, c¹; their object is to keep the blocks e, e¹,
so that the levers have no twisting to undergo, they acting only as
buttresses.
Although the screws terminating with round heads seem preferable, they
may also be made with hinges at their extremities, and only one of the halves
of the supports or buttresses may have a thread, and even they could be made
of one piece.
It will be easily understood that by moving the muffled to the left the
levers or buttresses f, f, will force the blocks e to bear against the inside of
the pulley c placed on that side. The motion of this pulley will drag the 3
muffled and consequently the shaft a. By pushing the muffle d on the
opposite side, the blocks e will depress the pulley c, and the blocks e¹ will bear
against the pulley c', the band of which being crossed will drag the shaft a in
a reverse direction.

page_text: This, shaft being furnished with a pinion will transmit to a toothed wheel
or a rack a movement in both directions at the desired instant, since it is only
necessary to give to the muffle d a lateral movement from right to left or from
left to right.
By placing the muffle d half way between the two pullies c & c¹ the blocks
e and e¹ will release the said pullies, and the shaft a will be motionless.
I think it proper to point out the great advantages of this new application,
which allows an instantaneous action with a very slight force upon a very
strong motive power, so as to cause it directly to act, since as soon as the
muffle d is acted upon the motive power is separated from the machine
actually worked by it; therefore it will be easy to obtain alternate workings
in opposite directions, and also to effect mechanically the release, which results
are of a very great importance in most cases.
It is obvious that for transmitting motion from a motive power to one or
several machines one pulley and one set of blocks will suffice, and that in this
case the half of the apparatus herein described and represented will produce
the desired effect.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which it is or may be carried into effect, I wish
it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to any precise shape
or detail of the several parts herein shown and described; but what I claim
as my Invention, and desire to secure by the present in part recited Letters
Patent, is, the characteristic principle of the mechanical combination herein
described, applicable to all cases where it may be useful, by varying the
shapes or dimensions according to the power of the machines to which they
may be applied.
In witness whereof, I, the said Florentin Garand, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
0
Witness,
CH FRED VASSEROT, Patent Agent,
45, Essex Street, Strand, London.
F. GARAND. (L.S.)