IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION AND UTILISATION OF FUEL
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of
Westminster, for an Invention of "IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR
EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION AND UTILISATION OF FUEL." A communication
from abroad by Bernard Röber, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony,
German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1880.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION AND
UTILISATION OF FUEL." A communication from abroad by Bernard Röber, of
Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire.
This Invention relates to an improved mode of and apparatus for effecting the
combustion and utilisation of fuel. The fuel is slowly introduced in a continuous
or approximately continuous manner into the furnace fire-place, wherein it is
received, first, upon a fore-grate or hearth, where volatilisation or ignition and
partial combustion of the fuel and evolution of hydrogen and other gases occur,
and the fuel from time to time forced into the furnace drives that which has
preceded it along the fore-grate or hearth until it enters in a coked and ignited
condition into a chamber forming a secondary furnace or generator, or a lower
part of the grate or hearth, where the fuel is supported on suitable bars, and is
subjected to the action of steam or water vapour and air in such manner as to
produce carbonic oxide, which with other gases unites with the gaseous products
from the fore-grate or hearth, so that, with a suitably regulated supply of air,
thorough combustion may be effected in the combustion chamber or combustion
chamber and flues.
According to another part of the Invention, special heat is brought to bear upon
the fuel before it enters the secondary furnace or generator, so as to accelerate the
volatilisation or ignition and partial combustion during the feed, and to render
uniform the working of the generator.

page_text: In apparatus which is not charged continuously, the cover or door by which the
coal is introduced is connected with the valve of the blast pipe, and the influence of
the former is directed upon the latter by an hydraulic device acting in such a
manner that, after the fuel is charged in, the valve of the blast pipe is opened
to its fullest extent, and then closes gradually until its normal position is reached.
In one arrangement the doors of the fore-grate and generator are contrived in
the front wall of the furnace, and a partition separates a space under the fore grate
from a space in front of the entrance damper of the generator; another damper
affords or prevents communication between the said two spaces.
5
The base of the generator is formed by a water pan, in the upper portion of 1
which is a grating which extends from the base of the generator to the bottom
of the water contained in the pan for introducing steam and cooling the grate-
bars and the sides of the generator.
The same object is attained by a grate bar provided with a water space, which is
right and left (the latter against the wall), and is provided at these places in one 1
or two instances.
Under the water pan above mentioned is an air inlet passage which is provided
with a regulating damper; a similar air inlet passage is provided above the arched
roof. The air makes its exit in the combustion chamber and flue. In the flue of
the Cornish boiler, for which arrangement this furnace is designed, are placed 2
firebrick rings, the lower portion of which is traversed by an air inlet passage.
In cases when it is desirable to ensure to the ends of the grate bars a free current
of air, so as to prevent calcination near the firebrick, a special construction of hollow
fire bar support is used.
The operation is as follows:-
The fuel is fed by being pushed slowly and continuously or periodically, and its
volatilisation or partial combustion takes place on the fore grate bars. The coke
formed, or the fuel calcined, then falls into the generator chamber and fills it; after
having closed (during ignition) the lower front door, the damper between the two
spaces below the foregrate, and the dampers that control the flow of air to the
combustion chamber and flue, and having opened the upper front door only, a large
quantity of air is introduced, it may be by the open spaces of the grato bars,
which gives, with the mixture of gas proceeding from the generator, the requisite
degree of combustion.
To this end the dampers of the combustion chamber and flue air passages,
and the damper between the upper and lower spaces below the fore grate remain
closed, and only the lower front door and the entrance damper of the generator are
partially opened; or the lower front door and the dampers of the combustion
chamber and flue air passages remain closed, and the upper front door, the damper
between the two spaces below the fore grate, and the entrance damper of the
generator only are slightly opened.
In this way all the air passes through the upper front door, under the grate bars,
with increased pressure, and through the two dampers last above named into the
generator with diminished pressure.
But if in that case, and especially for forced working, a sufficient quantity of air
for combustion should not pass through the fore grate, the upper front door and all
the dampers are opened; and, if necessary, air is also admitted by the lower front
door. For the entire consumption of the quantity of coal contained in the generator
before the ceasing or stopping of work (in the evening, for instance), the manage-
ment of the air current is turned the reverse way. In this case the feed of coal
must have already ceased some time before.
The feed of coal has already ceased some time, the upper front door and the
dampers of the combustion chamber and flue air passages are already partially
closed, and the lower front door, the damper between the spaces below the fore
grate, and the entrance damper of the generator are then entirely open; plenty of
air now passes into the combustion chamber and flue, the content of carbonic oxide
in the gases diminishes, and perfect combustion takes place over a large surface of

page_text: the generator; while the small quantity of air still wanting finds access and
preliminary heating by the damper between the spaces below the fore grate
and the fore grate bars. The clinkers resting on the lower frame of the generator
and on the water bars are soon cooled, and withdrawn as may be required.
In another arrangement the generator is formed by a step-grate. The fore grate for
volatilisation or ignition resembles that in the preceding arrangement; and the
other arrangements are in principle the same. The blast enters the upper space
below the fore grate by a lateral aperture. In other respects the working is the
same as that of the preceding arrangement of furnace.
In some cases in lieu of an ordinary construction of step grate an arrangement of
flat bars in conjunction with lateral water cooling arrangement is employed. The
bars are not straight however but in longitudinal plane, their transverse section is
that of the step grate; the steps are in that case connected with the grate bars by
running metal round the points of junction (as in the manufacture of iron
bedsteads). This form of grate fulfils the object of a step grate, and yet possesses
the advantage of allowing the ashes to fall.
In another modification of the apparatus provision is made for the gas and
products of distillation of the coal to give up their tar and ammoniacal liquor..
Under a brick hearth, for which a water tank of similar construction may be
substituted, is a space, which communicates by an aperture with the generator
space, and allows passage for the carbonic oxide. The latter then transmits to the
fresh fuel by suitable apertures its own heat, or receives by tuyeres a small quantity
of air introduced for combustion, for volatilising the fresh coal uniformly and as
completely as possible. This gas with a small portion of that which is added from
the upper portion of the generator goes off in the direction of the flue for cooling
and forming tar, while the main body of the gas from the generator passes through
a suitable aporture to the combustion chamber, in case there be no intention to
utilise the coke formed.
The water grate is placed in a receptacle, and when the water level is low a
certain quantity of air is allowed to pass through the apertures to the generator.
The aperture (or apertures) whereby the main body of gas from the generator
passes to the combustion chamber is or are opposite the aperture or apertures,
whereby the space under the hearth communicates with the generator, but deeper
than such aperture or aportures for ensuring to the same gas already cooled.
The pressure should be so regulated as to be almost the same in the direction of
the flue and of the combustion chamber.
In an arrangement of locomotive fire-box according to this Invention the fire
grate is of a form such that each grate-bar constitutes a portion of the fore grate
and a portion of the generator.
To the transverse supporting bar, on which the fire-bars rest, is attached a damper,
and the ash pan is closed by a front and a back damper. In the lower portion of
the ash-pan is a water pan, and the damper attached to the transverse supporting
bar when in one position closes the front portion of the grate against air coming
from the direction of the front damper. In the lower portion and in the front
portion of the grating compressed air may enter by a suitable aperture.
The position of the dampers may be regulated by the engine-driver. In working
without blast the front damper is opened to its full extent, and the damper attached
to the transverse supporting bar occupies an intermediate position between its
bighest and lowest positions. Thus a large volume of air passes with a greater
pressure between the water grating and the bottom of the last named damper into
the space under the fore grate, and another portion above the said damper into the
space under the grate of the generator. By modifying these positions the driver
is enabled to rapidly obtain a greater or less combustion, according to his
requirements.
In an arrangement of stove according to this Invention the forograte is at its
upper portion under a charging box, and the lighting is effected through a lateral
opening. In order to intensify the combustion a damper in the upper part of that

page_text: side of the generator furthest from the fore grate is open at the commencement,
but as soon as combustion is sufficiently advanced, and the pit of the generator is
filled with burning coke or other fuel, the said damper is closed and two dampers
below are opened to a slight extent. At the bottom of the generator, above one of
these dampers, is a second grate, and there is nothing to prevent a fire being lighted
here on such grate at the commencement of the heating, and the damper first
referred to being closed from that time. The fire and gasses then descend over the
coal and over the second fire. The two bodies of gas commingle, and at a point
above the second of the lower dampers where fresh and heated air arrives the
combustion is complete. The ash pans placed below are removed by suitable doors,
or the spaces below the fore grate and generator serve for this purpose as in
ordinary heating arrangements.
In an arrangement of hearth with generator, in which coal and air travel in the
generator in the same direction, the exit for the carbonic oxide is at the lower
portion of the generator, and the air entrance at the upper portion. The whole
working is similar to that of the arrangement already described; and it only
remains to mention that the gases are drawn off by a suitable aperture for forming
tar, or for being burnt at a distance, as may take place, for instance, in different
stoves in the same house, and afterwards at another aperture, as other air may
enter for the formation of carbonic oxide.
By means of the water cocks the level in the water pan is regulated, and can, if
sufficiently raised, be caused to entirely interrupt the arrival of air across the
generator grate, and by lowering the water level the air supply can be increased
according to requirement. This air serves only to heat the lower portion of the
generator, or to raise at will the heat of the carbonic oxides which pass off, so as to
obtain flame of very high degree of temperature; in the first caso the clinker
becomes liquified and is removed by a suitable damper, which may also be arranged
in various forms, one being the form of a ram or plug lined with brick. A wall
separates the space above the fire grate and the generator from the combustion
chamber.
The partition permits of a uniform exit of the heavy gases towards other seats of
combustion.
In another arrangement the generator has a continuous feed and a descending
air current, the grate or hearth being formed by a brick slab; under this slab are
flues in which combustion is kept up of the carbonic oxide formed, its heat being;
transmitted by the walls.
In the front portion under the coal inlet is an appliance which withdraws large
quantities of carbonic oxide for burning with small quantities of oxygen from the
atmosphere.
At the lower portion of the generator under the pit is a prolongation or
continuation, and the gas outlet passages are at a suitable distance above.
The pit receives the coke, which is collected in a heap, and which, by an effective
action of suitable parts, is delivered on to a truck so as to be taken to a cooling
chamber, in which the coke is quenched by means of steam or carbonic oxide. The
coke thus obtained may also fall direct into the pit of a second furnace or generator,
in which case there is no need to cool. A ram or plug works in the direction of
the pit of the generator, and causes the displacement of the coal in process of
carbonisation.
Tuyeres and heating flues are provided in large installations, and also in the side
walls of the generator and above the latter. The gases or a portion of them may i
be employed in the formation of tar and ammoniacal liquor.
In another arrangement of the improved apparatus as applied to a Lancashire
boiler, the whole apparatus is enclosed in an iron casing, so as to be hermetically
close. The space between the iron and the sides of the generator is employed for
the generation of gas. Lateral apertures admit air for the formation of carbonic
oxide, and in the gas conduit care is also taken to introduce a little air, so as to
give the gas a high temperature. Fresh air entering at the top of the apparatus

page_text: and passing in the direction of the flue serves for combustion; provision being
made for the mixing of the gases with air for combustion.
In the flame flue is the gas conduit; and in the middle and on either side an air
passage. The combustion hearths are placed in the conduits.
The gas conduit is laid horizontally in the flue tube, and, by means of side
apertures, the gas may intermingle with the air. Moreover, the gas conduit may
have outlets in a downward direction.'
According to another part of the Invention a melting furnace takes the place of
a generator, with the combination of a front grate plate, and with the arched
hearth thereto belonging, or pit, for giving a preliminary heating to the fuel, and
calcining or igniting it, and either to roast or heat the ore.
For certain processes
the coal is carbonised together with the ore. The carbonic oxide which escapes
from the furnace meets in its way against the material arriving, and either tho
gases from the furnace or] a portion of the fresh fuel arriving are used for the
purposes named. The gases proceeding from the furnace with those yielded by the
combustion for preliminary heating, et cetera, may be taken off together or
separately.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
February 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION AND
UTILISATION OF FUEL." (A communication from abroad by Bernard Röber, of
Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire.)
This Invention relates to an improved mode of and apparatus for effecting
the combustion and utilisation of fuel. The fuel is slowly introduced in a con-
tinuous or approximately continuous manner into the furnace fire place, wherein
it is received, first, upon a fore grate or hearth, where volatilisation or ignition
and partial combustion of the fuel and evolution of hydrogen and other gases
occur, and the fuel from time to time forced into the furnace drives that which
has preceded it along the fore grate or hearth, until it enters in a coked and ignited
condition into a chamber forming a secondary furnace or generator, or a lower part
of the grate or hearth, where the fuel is supported on suitable bars, and is subjected
to the action of steam or water vapour and air in such manner as to produce
carbonic oxide, which with other gases unites with the gaseous products from the
fore-grate or hearth, so that with a suitably regulated supply of air thorough
combustion may be effected in the combustion chamber or combustion chamber and
flues.
According to another part of the Invention special heat is brought to bear upon
the fuel before it enters the secondary furnace or generator, so as to accelerate the
volatilisation or ignition and partial combustion during the feed, and to render
uniform the working of the generator.
In apparatus which is not charged continuously, the cover or door by which the
coal is introduced is connected with the chimney damper and with the valve of the
blast pipe, and the influence of the former is directed upon one of the two latter
by the use of a hydraulic plug, or any hydraulic device acting in such a manner
that, after the fuel is charged in, the damper or the valve of the blast pipe is
opened to its fullest extent, and then closes gradually until its normal position is
reached.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of an arrangement of fire-grate with
generator of refractory material, and Figs. 1ª and 1b are sectional elevations,
shewing details of the grate bars and their supports.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of an arrangement of fire-grate in
which the generator is provided with grate-bars arranged in a special manner
(namely) in the form of a staircase; Fig. 2a shews details of the grate-bars.
Fig. 3 is the longitudinal sectional elevation of an arrangement of fire place
provided with a blast and means for the combustion of carbonic oxide, so as to
induce a rapid ignition of the fresh coal; Fig. 3ª is a cross section of the same.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of an arrangement of locomotive fire-
box; and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the same, shewing the grate bars.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the arrangement of fire-grate as
applied to a warming stove or to a room stove; Fig. 5a is a horizontal section
of the stove.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of an arrangement of fire grate for the
production of rich carbonic oxide gas, at a temperature which may be regulated at
pleasure; Fig. 6ª is a plan of the same.
Fig. 7 shews a longitudinal section of a fire grate, with simultaneous production
of coke and carbonic oxide; Fig. 7a is a plan of Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of an arrangement of fire-grate adapted
to a Lancashire boiler; Fig. 8ª is a plan of the same.

page_text: Fig. 9 shows a longitudinal sectional elevation of a melting furnace, and Fig. 9a
a horizontal section of the same.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional elevation, and Fig. 11 is a sectional plan
of a modification of the improved arrangement of fire-grates according to this
Invention
Referring to Fig. 1, which is a longitudinal section of an arrangement of fire-
grate,―
F, F, represent the bars of the grate; G, the generator; and H and J, doors
arranged in the front wall of the furnace; M is a partition separating the space h,
under the fore-grate F, from a space i in front of the ontrance damper L of the
generator; another damper K affords or prevents communication between the two
spaces h and i.
The base of the generator is formed by a water pan N, in the upper portion of
which is a grating n, which extends from the base of the generator to the bottom
of the water contained in the pan N for introducing steam and cooling the grate-
bars and the sides of the generator.
The same object is attained by the grate bar f which lies transversely of the
furnace provided with a water space, Figs. 1a and 1b, and which is employed in
certain forms of furnace according to this Invention.
Under the water pan N is an air inlet passage o, which is provided with a
regulating damper O; a similar air inlet passage o and damper O is provided
above the arched roof
The air enters the combustion chamber and flue at o, o. In the flue of the
Cornish boiler (for which arrangement this furnace is designed) are placed fire-brick
rings P, the lower portion of which is traversed by the first air inlet passage o.
In Fig. 1a at fis shewn a special construction of hollow fire bar support for use
in cases when it is desirable to insure to the ends of the grate-bars a free current
of air so as to prevent the coking of the fuel near the fire-brick. The operation is
as follows:
The fuel is fed by being pushed slowly and continuously or periodically through
the channel f, and its volatilisation or partial combustion takes place on the fire
grate bars F. The coke formed or the fuel carbonised then falls into the generator
and fills it. The dampers J, K, and O, O, having been closed (on the ignition), and
the damper H only having been opened, a large quantity of air is introduced, it
may be by the open spaces of the grate bars, which gives in combination with the
mixture of gas proceeding from the generator the requisite degree of combustion.
To this end the dampers O and K remain closed and J and L are only partially
opened, or J and O remain closed and H, K, and L are slightly opened.
In this way all the air enters freely through the upper front door H under the
grate bars, but in passing to the generator is retarded by the dampers K and L.
But if under these conditions or if the furnace is being forced a sufficient
quantity of air for combustion should not pass through the fore-grate F, all the
dampers H, K, L, and O are opened, and if necessary air is also admitted by J.
For the entire consumption of the quantity of coal contained in the generator
before the ceasing or stopping of work (in the evening, for instance) the air
current is turned in the reverse way.
In this case the feed of coal has already ceased some time; the dampers H and O
are already partially closed, and J, and K, and L are entirely open; plenty of air
now passes into the combustion chamber and Blue, the amount of carbonic oxide
present in the gases diminishes, and perfect combustion takes place over a large
surface of the generator, while the small quantity of air still wanting finds access
and preliminary heating by the dampers J, K, and the fire grate bars F. The
clinkers resting on the lower frame of the generator and on the water bars are
soon cooled and withdrawn as may be required.
Fig. 2 represents in longitudinal sectional elevation an arrangement of fire-
grate in which the generator G is formed with a step grate L. The fire grate for
volatilisation or ignition F resembles that in the preceding arrangement, and the

page_text: other arrangements are in principle the same.
below the fore-grate by a lateral aperture Q.
The blast enters the upper space h
In other respects the working is the same as that of the preceding arrangement
of furnace.
Fig. 2 shews forms of grate bar which may be employed in combination with
a lateral water cooling arrangement in lieu of the ordinary construction of step
grate. The bars are not straight however, but in side elevation their transverse
section is that of the "step grate," the steps being cast to the sides of the grate
bars. This fulfils the object of a step grate, and yet possesses the advantage of
allowing the ashes to fall.
Fig. 3 represents an arrangement of furnace in which provision is made for the gas
and products of distillation of the coal to give up their tar and ammoniacal liquor.
Under the brick hearth, for which a water tank of similar construction may be
substituted, is a space which communicates by the aperture R with the generator
space G, and forms a passage for the carbonic oxide, which transmits to the fresh
fuel by suitable apertures r¹ its own heat, or receives by the twyers q a small
quantity of air introduced to promote its combustion for volatilising the fresh coal
uniformly and as completely as possible. This gas, with a small portion of that
which is added from the upper portion of the generator, goes off in the direction of
the arrow g to be cooled and condensed to form tar, while the main body of the
gas from the generator passes through the aperture S and passes in the direction of
the arrows to the combustion chamber, in case there be no intention to utilise the
coke formed.
Fig. 3 shews in transverse section the water grate n placed in the receptacle N,
and which, when the water level is low, allows a certain quantity of air to pass
through the apertures to the generator.
The aperture or apertures S are opposite the aperture R, but lower down than
such aperture or apertures, for ensuring to the apertures R gas already cooled.
The draught should be so regulated as to be almost the same in the direction of
the flue g and of the combustion chamber R.
Fig. 4 represents the arrangement of a locomotive fire box according to this
Invention.
The fire grate F is of a form such that each grate bar constitutes a portion of the
fore grate and a portion of the gonerator.
To the transverse supporting bar f' on which the fire-bars rest is attached the
damper M; the ash pan is closed by the dampers H and J. In the lower portion of
the ash pan is the water pan n; and the damper M attached to the transverse
supporting bar when in one position, shewn by Fig. 4, closes the front portion of
tbe grate against air coming from the direction of the front damper J. In the lower
portion and in the front portion, of the grating air may enter by a suitable aperture.
The position of the dampers J, M, and H may be regulated by the engine
driver. In working without blast the front damper J is opened to its full extent,
and the damper M attached to the transverse supporting bar occupies an inter-
mediate position between its highest and lowest positions, shewn respectively in
dotted and in full lines. Thus a large volume of air passes between the water
grating n and the bottom of the damper M into the space under the fore-grate,
and another portion above the damper M into the space i under the grate of the
generator. By modifying these positions the driver is enabled to rapidly obtain a
greater or less combustion according to his requirements.
Fig. 5 shews in longitudinal section an arrangement of the lower portion of a
stove according to this Invention, and Fig. 5ª shews same in plan.
The fire grate F is at its upper portion under a charging box f which supplies
fuel to the grate, and the lighting is effected through a lateral opening at f. In
order to intensify the combustion the damper L' is open at the commencement, but
as soon as combustion is sufficiently advanced and the pit of the generator G is
filled with burning coke or other fuel; the damper L is closed and two dampers
below L and L' are opened to a slight extent. At F* above the damper L' is a

page_text: second grate, and there is nothing to prevent a fire being lighted here on the grate F
at the commencement of the heating, and the damper L² being closed from that
time. The fire and gases then descend, following the direction of the arrow ƒ ƒ³,
over the coal and over the second fire burning on the grate F. The two bodies
of gas commingle, and at a point of above the second of the lower dampers where
fresh and heated air arrives from L the combustion is complete, the products of
combustion being withdrawn in the direction of the arrow P, P¹.
The ash pans placed below are removed by suitable doors H and J, or the
spaces h and i below the fore grate and generator servo for this purpose, as in
ordinary heating arrangements.
Fig. 6 represents in longitudinal section an arrangement of hearth with generator,
in which coal and air travel in the generator in the same direction, and Fig. 6ª is a
plan of the same.
Exit of the carbonic oxide takes place at the lower portion of the generator in
the direction of the arrow g¹, g³, and the entrance of the air at the upper portion in
the direction of the arrows q, q', and g³, g'. The method of working is similar to
that of the arrangement already described, and it only remains to mention that
gases are drawn off by the aperture f³, either for the manufacture of tar or for
burning at a distance, as may take place, for instance, in different stoves in the
same building, and that afterwards at another aperture g³ air may enter for the
formation of carbonic oxide.
By means of the water cocks W the level in the water pan N is regulated, and
can if sufficiently raised be caused to entirely interrupt the flow of air across the
generator grate in the direction of the arrows n, n', and n, n², and by lowering the
water level the air supply can be increased according to requirement.
This air serves only to heat the lower portion of the generator or to raise at will
the heat of the carbonic oxide which passes off, so as to obtain flame of very high
temperature; in the first case the clinker becomes liquified and is removed by the
damper L, which may also be arranged in the form of a ram or plug lined with
fire brick. The wall P separates the space above the fore-grate F and the generator
from the combustion chamber.
The partition p permits of a uniform exit of the heavy gases towards other seats
of combustion.
Fig. 7 represents in longitudinal section another arrangement of the generator
with continuous feed and a descending air current, the grate or hearth being
formed by a brick slab F. Under this slab are flues f, f¹, f, in which com-
bustion is kept up of the carbonic oxide formed, its heat being transmitted by the
walls.
In the front portion under the coal inlet f is an appliance which withdraws, in
a manner that will be understood from Fig. 7, large quantities of carbonic oxide for
burning with small quantities of oxygen from the atmosphere.
At the lower portion of the generator under the pit is a prolongation or
continuation G, and the gas outlet passages S and R are at a suitable distance
above.
The pit G receives the coke, which is collected in a heap, and which by the
action of the parts J, J, and J' is delivered on to a truck W, so as to be taken to
a cooling chamber D', in which the coke is quenched by means of steam or
carbonic oxide. The coke thus obtained may also fall direct into the pit of a second
furnace or generator, in which case there is no need to cool it. A ram or plug J
works in the direction of the pit of the generator G, and causes the displacement of
the coal in process of carbonisation.
Twyers q and heating flues R¹, R¹, are provided in large installations, and also
in the side walls of the generator and above the latter. The gases or a portion of
them may be employed in the formation of tar and ammoniacal liquor.
Fig. 8 represents another arrangement of the improved apparatus as applied to a
Lancashire boiler, and Fig. 8 is a plan of the same.
The whole apparatus is enclosed in an iron casing so as to be hermetically sealed.

page_text: The space between the iron and the sides of the generator is employed for the
heating of air. The whole arrangement is clearly shewn, and it needs only to be
mentioned that lateral apertures L, L, L³, admit air for the formation of carbonic
oxide, and that in the gas conduit at n² care is also taken to introduce a little air
so as to give the gas a high temperature.
Fresh air entering at o at the top of the apparatus, and passing in the direction
of the arrow o, o¹, serves for combustion, provision being made, as will be seen by
the transverse section at Fig. 8, for the mixing of the gases with air for
combustion.
In the flame flue 1 (Fig. 8) is the gas conduit, and in the middle and on either
side are air passages. The combustion hearths are placed in the conduits, and
combustion takes place at vand v¹.
In the flame flue 1 (Fig. 8) the gas conduit is laid horizontally in the flue tube,
and by means of the side apertures the gas may intormingle with the air, as shewn
by Fig. 8. The gas conduit may occupy a higher position, and also have outlets in
a downward direction.
Fig. 9 shews a longitudinal section, and Fig. 9ª a cross section of a melting
furnace according to another part of the Invention. The furnace takes the place
of a generator, with the combination of a front grate plate and with the arched
hearth thereto belonging, a pit for giving a preliminary heating to the fuel, and
carbonising or igniting it, and serves either to roast or to heat the ore. For certain
processes the coal is carbonised together with the ore. The carbonic oxide which
escapes from the furnace meets in its way the material arriving; the gases from
the furnace are used for the purposes named, or a portion of the fresh fuel arriving.
The gases proceeding from the furnace with those yielded by the combustion for
preliminary heating, etcetera, may be taken off together or separately, as shown by
Fig, 9.
In the modification, shewn in Figs. 10 and 11, B is a horizontal damper, by
which the generator G may be opened or closed periodically. By closing the said
damper the gases developed in the said generator are caused to return underneath
the grate F to effect the distillation of the fuel on the grate F. The gases, together
with others produced by the distillation, escape through the channel P¹ into the
combustion chamber P, where they are burnt. fis the channel for the introduction
of fuel. F is the grate formed of fire brick or refractory plates. This grate may
be situated in a lower position, or may be dispensed with entirely, in order to
decompose the steam created by the evaporation of the water in the water grate n.
For this purpose a very thick layer of coals is necessary; the clinkers are removed
through both dampers L, L.
p' is a damper for regulating the channel P'.
N is a water reservoir; n is the water grate.
L, L, are pivotted dampers, by which the reservoir N may be cleaned, if
necessary.
K is a channel for introducing air.
A is a channel for introducing air from a blowing apparatus.
K is a damper for regulating the channel K.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying it into practical effect, as communicated to me aforesaid, I would have it
understood that what is claimed is,-
1. A generator with slow and continuous feed of fuel during which volatilisation
or ignition takes place, substantially as described.
2. A generator, such as above referred to, upon the fuel of which, at its arrival,
special heat is brought to bear for accelerating the volatilisation or ignition during
the feed and rendering uniform the working of the generator, as described and
shewn at Fig. 3.
3. A generator with fore-grate or fore-plate, with separation of the air inlet
under the volatilising or combustion grate, from the air inlet towards the generator,
by which separation the atmospheric pressure underneath the first one can be

page_text: rendered dependent on the second, and the atmospheric pressure during the regular
working kept more elevated under the grate than towards the generator, as described
and shewn at Fig. 1.
4. A generator with fore grate, in which there is a conduit for a current of air
passing over the fuel already partially volatilised or in combustion in the direction
of the fuel's travel, and the taking of carbonic oxide off from the lower portion of
the generator, as described and shewn at Fig. 6.
5. A. generator in combination with a space situated lower down, and on the
fore-grate or fore-plate of which generator the coal is volatilised in a fire containing
(in a superhoated inixture) carbonic oxide abundantly in excess, so that in the space
situated lower down the coke obtained may be drawn off sideways or towards the
bottom, as described and shewn at Fig. 7.
6. A generator with air inlet at its lower portion, which works with an air
current directed towards the bottom, in order to liquify the clinker at this lower
portion by the high degree of heat due to this arrangement, as described and
shewn at Fig. 6.
7. A generator with separation of carbonic oxide and that proceeding from tho
distillation grate, so as to consume the former direct, but to utilise the latter for the
formation of tar and ammoniacal liquor and to consume them at a distance, as
described and shewn at Figs. 3 and 6.
8. The use of a grate bar with the water receiver in order to vaporise a portion
of this water, and to thereby protect the grate bar and the walls of the combustion
chamber from calcination, as described and shewn at Figs. 1ª, 1b, and 2º.
9. A grate bar, shewing in side view the form of the cross section of a stop grato,
and which therefore is capable of allowing the ash to fall, as represented at
Fig. 2.
10. A grate and space below divided into two portions by a partition, provided
with a regulating damper, so as to render the pressure in one of the portions
dependent on the other, and capable of maintaining the greater pressure in the
first division, substantially as described.
11. A melting furnace, or generator, in connection with a fore-grate or fore
plate with the necessary fire vaults or pits, so as to heat, roast, carbonise, or kindle
the substance in fusion and the fuel, either each separately or the two together, on
their way to the melting furnace or generator, substantially as described.
12. The combination of the generator G with a chamber in which a damper K is
arranged for decomposing the water vapors or steam, and providing the generator G
with a damper B, which may be periodically opened or closed for ensuring
continuous working and producing richer gases than with an ordinary generator,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.