Improvements in the Manufacture of Antiseptics.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Mar., 1893-Accepted, 29th Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Antiseptics.
| JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Dr. F. von Heyden Nachfolger of Radebeul near
Dresden in the Empire of Germany) to be as follows :—
Phenols are known to possess highly poisonous properties; small quantities
administered internally being sufficient to cause death. On this account the acid
esters of phenols known as salols are preferably employed in place of phenols as
antiseptic agents for clinical purposes.
Salols have the effect of depriving phenols to a certain extent of their poisonous
qualities and enable considerable quantities of phenol to be employed without
danger.
When employed for certain purposes however such for example as cases in
which it is necessary to rapidly and powerfully disinfect the digestive organs the
salols present the disadvantages of exerting only a weak disinfecting action in the
first place and of splitting up into acid and free phenol in the bowels or intestines
so slowly that the amount of free phenol present in the intestine at a given time
is insufficient to produce a sufficiently powerful disinfecting or antiseptic effect.
My foreign correspondent has now discovered that by conversion into a salt of
bismuth it is possible to convert a phenol into a relatively innocuous product whose
disinfecting action is superior to that of the salols. These phenol salts of bismuth
are a heretofore unknown product and are manufactured according to this
invention simply by the alternate action of bismuth salts (preferably bismuth
nitrate) with the watery or alcoholic solutions of the phenols or phenol alkalies
or earthy alkalies.
The following are given merely as examples of the manufacture of the new
product the parts being by weight but I do not in any way limit myself as to the
details.
1. A solution of 38 parts of phenol in 400 parts of water and 16 parts of sodium
hydrate are mixed by energetic stirring or agitation with 49 parts of bismuth
nitrate. The bismuth phenolate being precipitated is filtered, boiled with water,
filtered a second time and washed and dried. It forms a grayish white powder.
containing about 80 per cent. of Bi,O, and can be decomposed by means of acids
and alkalies. By augmenting the quantity of alkali employed in the manufacture
of the phenolate of bismuth the resulting phenolate although richer in bismuth is
rendered more active.
2. A solution of 5 parts of resorcin in 150 parts of water is mixed with an acid
solution of 49 parts of nitrate of bismuth. This solution is then highly diluted
and allowed to stand whereupon resorcinate of bismuth separates. This separation
can be accelerated by neutralising the greater part of the free acid or adding
acetate of sodium. The separated bismuth salt is filtered washed and dried. It
forms a grayish white crystalline powder insoluble in water. The method of con-
ducting the operations may be modified in various ways but a useful phenol salt of
bismuth invariably results and I do not limit myself to the methods described in
the foregoing examples.
In the following schedule of new bismuth salts that can be obtained according
to this invention I do not limit myself to any precise percentage of bismuth as.by
varying the conditions of production (by adding more alkali for example) the pro-
portion of bismuth present in the product may be modified without essentially
altering the nature of the ultimate result namely the .conversion of the phenol

page_text: into the peculiarly favourable form for clinical purposes by combining it with
bismuth.
The following list includes the most important phenol salts of bismuth manu-
factured by my foreign correspondent in accordance with this invention.
1. Bismuth phenolate.
2.
3.
32
4.
5.
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6.
7.
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9.
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10.
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11.
12.
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13.
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14.
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15.
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16.
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cresolate.
xylenolate.
chlorophenolate.
bromophenolate.
trichlorophenolate, tribromophenolate and triiodophenolate.
nitrophenolate.
amidophenolate.
naphtholate.
thymolate.
pyrocatechinate.
resorcinate and hydrotrinonate.
guaiacolate.
creosotinate (from beech tar creosote).
eugenolate.
pyrogallolate.
All these salts are practically insoluble in water and ordinary solvents. They
can be decomposed into free phenols and salts of bismuth by means of mineral
acids. Alkalies produce decomposition into phenol alkali and oxide of bismuth.
The products may be administered in fairly large doses and possess in a high
degree the property of effecting a sure and safe disinfection of the digestive
organs.
Dated this 20th day of July 1892.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Lindon, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Antiseptics.
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Dr. F. von Heyden Nachfolger of Radebeul
near Dresden in the Empire of Germany) and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Phenols are known to possess highly poisonous properties, small quantities
administered internally being sufficient to cause death. On this account the acid
esters of phenols known as salols are preferably employed in place of phenols as
antiseptic agents for clinical purposes.
Salols have the effect of depriving phenols to certain extent of their poisonous
qualities and enable considerable quantities of phenol to be introduced into the
system without danger. When employed for certain purposes however such for
example as cases in which it is necessary to rapidly and powerfully disinfect the
digestive organs, the salols present the disadvantages of exerting only a weak
disinfecting action in the first place and of splitting up into acid and free phenol in
the bowels or intestines so slowly that the amount of free phenol present in the
intestine at a given time is insufficient to produce a sufficiently powerful disinfecting
or antiseptic effect.
My foreign correspondents have now discovered that by conversion into a salt of
bismuth it is possible to convert a phenol into a relatively innocuous product whose

page_text: disinfecting action is superior to that of the salols. These phenol salts of bismuth.
are a heretofore unknown product and are manufactured according to this.
invention simply by the alternate action of bismuth salts (preferably bismuth
nitrate) with the watery or alcoholic solutions of the phenols or phenol alkalies or
earthy alkalies.
The following are given merely as examples of the manufacture of the new-
product the parts being by weight but I do not in any way limit myself as to the
details.
1. A solution of 38 parts of phenol in 400 parts of water and 16 parts of sodium
hydrate are mixed by energetic stirring or agitation with 49 parts of bismuth.
nitrate. The bismuth phenolate being precipitated is filtered, boiled with water,.
filtered a second time and washed and dried. It forms a greyish white powder
containing about 80 per cent. of Bi₂O, and can be decomposed by means of acids
and alkalies. By augmenting the quantity of alkali employed in the manufacture
of the phenolate of bismuth the resulting phenolate although richer in bismuth is
rendered more active.
2. A solution of 5 parts of resorcin in 150 parts of water is mixed with an acid
solution of 49 parts of nitrate of bismuth. This solution is then highly diluted
and allowed to stand whereupon resorcinate of bismuth separates. This separation
can be accelerated by neutralizing the greater part of the free acid or adding
acetate of sodium. The separated bismuth salt is filtered washed and dried. It
forms a greyish white crystalline powder insoluble in water.
The method of conducting the operations may be modified in various ways but a
useful phenol salt of bismuth invariably results and I do not limit myself to the
methods described in the foregoing examples.
In the following schedule of new bismuth salts that can be obtained according
to this invention I do not limit myself to any precise percentage of bismuth as by
varying the conditions of production (by adding more alkali for example) the
proportion of bismuth present in the product may be modified without essentially
altering the nature of the ultimate result namely the conversion of the phenol
into the peculiarly favourable form for clinical purposes by combining it with
bismuth.
The following list includes the most important phenol salts of bismuth
manufactured by my foreign correspondent in accordance with this invention.
1. Bismuth phenolate.
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2.
3.
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5.
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10.
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16.
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ortho-, meta-, and para-cresolate.
ortho-, meta-, and para xylenolate.
ortho-, meta-, and para chlorophenolate.
ortho-, meta-, and para bromophenolate.
trichloro phenolate, tribromphenolate and triiodophenolate.
ortho-, meta-, and para nitro-phenolate.
amidophenolate and kinophenolate.
alpha-, and beta-, naphtholate.
thymolate.
pyrocatechinate.
resorcinate and hydrokinonate.
guaiacolate.
creosotinate (from beech tar creosote).
eugenolate.
pyrogallolate.
All these salts are practically insoluble in water and ordinary solvents. They
can be decomposed into free phenols and salts of bismuth by means of mineral
acids. Alkalies produce decomposition into phenol alkali and oxide of bismuth.
The products may be administered in fairly large doses and possess in a high
degree the property of effecting a sure and safe disinfection of the digestive.
organs.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The treatment of phenols for depriving them of poisonous properties and
obtaining antiseptics especially suitable for clinical purposes substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. The process for the manufacture of phenol salts of bismuth as hereinbefore
described in Example 1.
3. The process for the manufacture of phenol salts of bismuth as hereinbefore
described in Example 2.
4. The phenol salts of bismuth as new products of manufacture.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.