matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH ROTARY WEB PRINTING MACHINES.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Ashley Wilson, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH ROTARY WEB PRINTING MACHINES.".
Sealed the 23rd February 1875, and dated the 26th August 1874.

page_text: paper from one printing cylinder. I provide such printing cylinder with
type or stereotype for both sides of the paper, and feed the paper to
the said printing cylinder from the web cut into sheets before printing the
first side; each paper thus printed on one side is led from the printing
cylinder along tapes, and after such sheet has travelled the required
distance its rear end is caught by a gripping cylinder, the direction
of motion reversed, and the sheet led back again to the printing cylinder
and perfected. Two impression cylinders are used.
Second. As means for preventing undue strain on the web of paper
when starting to print, by the above or other so called web printing
machine, I rest the said web on a driving roller and give motion to the
said web from such driving roller.
Third. As means for preventing tearing of the web of paper from
excessive dampness when starting, and also to prevent the paper from
passing through the machine in too dry condition, I use a centrifugal or
other governor to open and close the cocks or valves controlling the
supply of spray or jets of water, and also the supply of steam to the
drying cylinders.
Fourth. As means for obtaining an even impression I support the
printing cylinders above the impression cylinders on friction rollers
upheld by levers and springs, so that such type cylinders can be
adjusted by simply increasing the pressure on the upper type cylinder
bearings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEARERS FOR SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1874.
I, SAMUEL WARD, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEARERS FOR SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER
LIKE MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement of plates movable and fixed,
and which together form a clearer for silk, cotton, and other like
materials. The plates are four in number, two being fixed and two
movable, and made to slide on a projection in the back plate or by other
suitable means, so that a slot formed by the two movable plates may be
capable of adjustment to suit different varieties of work. The front and
back plates have grooves or slots leading to a hole through which the
material passes; these slots or passages being made at an angle one with
another. These clearers which may be worked singly or in any numbers
may also have guards connecting them, the object of these guards being
to prevent the material from being run out of the apparatus or clearer,
and its work consequently loaded.

page_text: In the case of the clearers now ordinarily used if the material is too
thick to pass it can, if the attendant so minds, be lifted out of the clearer,
and worked up in an inferior state with a saving of time, but to the
detriment of the work; this is prevented when my improved clearers are
used by the slots and passages in the back and front plates. The
adjustment of the two movable plates when a number of clearers are at
work, may be effected in all the clearers at once by means of a bar, to
which one of the movable plates in each clearer is attached, the bar being
moved by means of a screw or other mechanical arrangement. Each
clearer may also have a separate independent movement from those
which it works in company, by simply regulating the connection between
the bar and the movable plate.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SWIMMING BELT
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Callistus Augustus, Count de
Goddes de Liancourt, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 13th March 1874.
I, CALLISTUS AUGUSTUS, Count DE GODDES DE LIANCOURT, of 83, De
Beauvoir Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SWIMMING BELT," to
be as follows:―
Two coils of iron or other metal, round or oval, springing inserted in
one another lessening the compression of water, and placed in contrary
directions so as to form a sort of net, one spring counterbalancing the
extension of the other. The two ends of these coils are attached to
small clasps soldered on caps at each end, and inserted in a seamless
hose coated inside and outside with any known mixture, which imparts
imperviousness in the highest degree, so much so as to be acu-punctured
and thus prevent air escaping or water penetrating inside. A plug valve
applied to the cap permits the air to penetrate easily, and which when
the belt is fixed round the body receives a key that closes it hermetically,
so that the belt inflates itself during the process of securing it round the
body, and when secured is already fit for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Pain at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1874.
I, HENRY PAIN, of Northampton, in the County of Northampton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KITCHEN RANGES," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to reduce the cost of fitting kitchen
ranges to heat the ovens more equably than horetofore, and to effect an
economy in the consumption of fuel.
In carrying out my Invention I place the boiler in the centre of the
range, and by preference over the fire-place and on citlier side of the boiler
I place an oven. Below-the-floor-level-I-sink the grate and I approach
the ash-pit by an opening in the floor that is covered by a removable
grato.-
Above the fire-place is a central vertical flue leading up to a
horizontal flue formed by the top or hot plate which overlies both the
boiler and the ovens. This horizontal flue.communicates at back with

page_text: the chimney, and in it is placed a baffler plate set in rear of the vertical
flue, and parallel with the front of the range for the purpose of
deflecting the ascending flamo and gases over the ovens, and causing
the top plate to be equably heated. The vertical fluo may pass through
the boiler or it may be set in front thereof, as thought most desirablo.
The flame and heated gases pass directly from the fire-place under the
oven bottoms, transverse baffler plates being inserted in the flues to give
the flames a direction towards the rear, they then ascend by side flucs
and pass diagonally over the tops of the ovens to the chimney. Damper
valves are provided to stop the course of the flames and heated gases
around and over the ovens, and a damper is also provided for regulating
the draught in the vertical flue. The oven bottoms and also the boiler
I protect by fire-bricks or tiles, and at the back and at a portion of the
outer sides of the ovens I form air chambers, which will serve to
economize the heat imparted to the ovens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES OR HOLDERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wolff and Lewis Wolff
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd December 1874.
We, EDWARD WOLFF and LEWIS WOLFF, both of the Firm of
E. Wolff & Son, of Great Queen Street, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES OR
HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in pencil cases or holders is for the
purpose of using ordinary cedar lead pencils with a sliding holder to
protect the point and adjust its length in such cases or holders instead
of the "everpointed leads" commonly used.
In ordinary sliding or adjustable pencil holders it is necessary to use
specially prepared leads to fit the inner tube, but in our improved cases
or holders we so construct the tubes that a cedar lead pencil may be
inserted and held in position for use. For this purpose we employ three
light tubes of metal or other suitable material. The inner tube which
carries the pencil is made of any convenient length, and at the projecting
end is screwed for a short portion of its length. This end has also cut

page_text: into it a number of slots to allow the end to contract or expand for the
purpose of clipping or releasing the pencil. A small nut or ferrule
tapped and tapered is screwed on to the end when the pencil is in
position. As the nut slides on the tube it closes the slits and fastens
the pencil: A second and larger tube is put on the pencil tube, into
which the pencil tube slides; this tube is of such a length that.when the
pencil is drawn within it the point is covered and protected. A slot is
made in the length of this second tube equal in length to the movement
of the pencil tube. Through the slot projects a pin or rivet from the
inner tube, which pin or rivet is rivetted on to a third or outer tube
which slides up or down the second tube and carries with it by means
of the pin the inner or pencil tube any required distance allowed by the
slot in the second tube, so that the point of the pencil may be projected
and its length adjusted by sliding forwards or backwards the outer tube.
As the point of the pencil wears the nut is unscrewed and the pencil
drawn out, the nut then being replaced to fasten the pencil in a new
position ready to be adjusted by the sliding tubes.
-By many persons the use of an ordinary cedar lead pencil is preferred
to that of the "everpointed lead," and by our Invention the cedar
pencil may be used in a a case or holder with as much convenience as is
found in the use of the well known solid leads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES, AND IN THE MANNER OF WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy David Hedderwick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1874.
'
I, PERCY DAVID HEDDERWICK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of."IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES, AND IN THE MANNER OF
WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in blast furnaces for
reducing and smelting iron ores, consists in constructing such furnaces
with two or more separate shafts, in the larger of which the ores and
flux, with or without a small quantity of carbonaceous material, arc
placed, the other shaft or shafts being charged with the fuel. The ore
shaft and fuel shaft or shafts are connected together by a short passage
or passages at or near the bottom. The ore shaft, from the boshes
upwards, may be made in any of the ordinary forms of open or close top
blast furnaces, and the fuel shaft or shafts, which is, or are, or may be
closed at its or their upper end or ends, except when charging, is or are
made of sufficient height to ensure the regular descent of the fuel. Onc

page_text: or more twyers is or are placed in the walls of the fuel shaft or shafts in
such position that the blast is directed across the fuel shaft or shafts,
and through the passage or passages connecting it or them with the ore
shaft, and one or more air inlets may also be formed near the upper
ends of the fuel shaft or shafts, through which air may be admitted.
The lower part of the shaft is so proportioned that sufficient fuel is
always in front of the twyers to prevent the formation of carbonic acid
at that part of the furnace.
The crucible, with the ordinary outlets for the melted metal and
cinder, is by preference situated under the fuel shaft or shafts. When
a higher temperature than is obtained by the combustion of the carbon
of the fuel to carbonic oxide is required air is introduced by one or more
twyers near the bottom of the ore shaft, so as to convert into carbonic
acid as much of the carbonic oxide as may be required. As the whole
of the fuel introduced into the furnace passes as gas up the entire length
of the ore shaft, excepting the quantity taken up by the metallic iron,
it is gradually oxidised by the oxygen of the ore, and as it meets no
carbon, except the small quantity precipitated from the carbonic oxide
upon the cooler ores near the top of the furnace, or the small quantity
which may be mixed with the charge, the fuel thereby accomplishes its
maximum amount of work.
The arrangement of furnace herein-before described simplifics the
operation of proportioning the amount of fuel to the ores to be reduced
and smelted, and by the employment thereof the sulphur of the fuel is
in a great measure prevented from passing into the iron obtained.
The interception of the sulphur may be rendered still more complete
by mixing lime with the fuel in the fuel shaft or shafts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH TRUSSES
Year: 1874

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th August 1874.
'
I, HENRY JOHN PORTER, of Gray's Inn Road, in tho County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH TRUSSES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my improvements in trusses refers to an arrangement
for securing and adjusting the position of the truss or truss pad on the
wearer.
I provide two-plates, one secured to or imbedded in the truss pad, and
the other hinged or jointed to the same. The truss arm carries another
arm or projection at or at about right angles to its outer end, having a
ball or stud at its extremity, the said stud fitting into an aperture or
socket of corresponding size in the fixed plate. The arm or projection
on truss arm passes through an aperture in movable or hinged arm.
screw is passed through aperture in movable plate and takes into a
corresponding aperture in fixed plate, so that after arranging the
position of truss pad, the screw in movable plate is screwed down into
A

page_text: thread on fixed plate, until the ball or stud is jammed up in its socket
and securely held there; or if desired the screw may be left loose so that
the pad may move about loosely as in some trusses as now made. The
position of the truss pad can be adjusted to the greatest nicety, because
of the facility with which the position of the arm can be regulated
before the movable plate is secured by its screw. Or in some cases a
similar result may be obtained by connecting the ordinary spring which
is placed between the pad plate and the truss arm to its disc at an angle
on the spring, so that the pad may be turned into any required position
and at such angle as may be required; when the desired angle is
obtained the disc and consequently the pad is retained in position by
screw as before.
My Invention further consists in the employment of a movable tube
or covering for the metal band of trusses which surrounds the body.
This covering may consist of a vulcanized tube of india-rubber, wool, or
other fabric. The object of its being made tubular is that the tube is free
to move about with every motion or movement of the body, while the
metal band remains stationary. I am aware that coverings are not new,
but it is new to employ a movable tubular covering as and for the
purposes described.
GUIDE CARDS OR HISTORIC ALBUMS FOR TOURISTS AND TRAVELLERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Not at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1874.
I, HENRI NOT, of Place de l'Opera, Paris, France, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "GUIDE CARDS OR
HISTORIC ALBUMS FOR TOURISTS AND TRAVELLERS," to be as follows:-
The guide cards or historic albums forming the subject of the present
Invention are intended to follow the route taken by a line of railway,
say from Paris to Naples for instance on the forward journey, and vice
versa, and by another route on the return, cach station or place of
importance, the cities, towns, castles, mines, rivers, mountains, forests,
and places of interest in general which the traveller perceives from the
railway compartment he occupies are clearly and fully described opposite
the position they hold on the map, the population, the manufactures,
and objects of interest historically or geographically in the environs
are vividly set forth, thus forming a pocket gazetteer or itinerary of the
first importance.

page_text: The map is printed on the left-hand side and the historical and
geographical remarks on the right, the line of route as well as the
stations are marked in red or other distinguishing colour.
The return journey is made by another route and is printed on the
other side of the first map, each fold forms a sheet, which is numbered
for reference, the end pages give the times of departure of the trains, a
list of respectable hotels on the route, and various matter interesting to
tourists and travellers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK FOR NEUTRALIZING THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dodshon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1874.
I, WILLIAM DODSHON, of Gower Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK FOR NEUTRALIZING THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF COLLISIONS
ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of means whereby saving of life and property
on railways in case of collision is sought to be accomplished, and such
improvements can be applied to passenger carriages, coal, or any other
luggage cars on railways as at present in use.
In order to carry out my Invention I proceed as follows:-The
carriages, according to my Invention, both for passengers and luggage, are
made in two separate parts, namely, the bodies, and the rucks or frames
on which the bodies rest. The bodies having flanges or guides which
drop over the sides of the trucks or frames to prevent all movement
sideways. There will be friction surfaces on the top or upper surfaces
of the trucks or frames, and either wood or iron friction surfaces on the

page_text: bottoms of the bodies of the carriages. The bodies of the carriages are
so constructed as to move off the trucks or frames in the direction of
their length, but in ordinary running or working the bodies and the
trucks or frames will be held together by two or more spring bolts, or
any other contrivance that will keep the two parts securely together.
In case of a collision the shock would cause the bodics of the carriages
to disengage themselves from the trucks or frames; the trucks or frames
recoiling while the bodies of the carriages are being carried forwards by
their own momentum. There will be a truck or frame or trucks or
frames without a body or bodies which might be called an accident
truck or trucks placed in the front of the first combined body and truck
or frame on to which the body of the first carriage containing passengers
or goods will be carried and gradually stopped by the friction caused by
the rubbing of the bottom of the body and the top of the truck or frame
together; all the other bodies will follow, thus leaving a truck without
a body last instead of first. The proper width for the friction surfaces
will be as circumstances permit.
By my Invention a kind of, brake that works after the blow of the
collision is obtained., The passengers will receive no more shock than
is necessary for the disengagement of the bodies and trucks or frames,
which will be but little more than the occasional jerks operating on
railway travellers without injurious effects.
AN IMPROVED INDIA-RUBBER TYRE FOR CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bird at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
August 1874.
I, FREDERICK BIRD, of Great Castle Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED INDIA-RUBBER TYRE FOR CARRIAGE WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved india-rubber tire for the wheels
of carriages, capable of being secured thereon by bolts, so that the
metal flanges hitherto used for the purpose of retaining the india-rubber
tire on the wheel may be dispensed with, thereby greatly lessening the
cost of applying india-rubber tires to wheels.
My Invention consists in making the tire of two thicknesses of rubber
of different kinds, the inner thickness, or that next the metal tire of
the wheel, being composed of hard vulcanized india-rubber, such as that
known a "junction rubber," and which is sufficiently inflexible to
remain on the wheel without requiring side flanges to retain it, and
sufficiently non-elastic to hold the bolts by which the tire is fastened

page_text: on the wheel. The outer thickness is composed of the ordinary soft
vulcanized india-rubber of good quality. The two thicknesses being
united or vulcanized together, screw bolts having previously been fixed
in the hard rubber so as bave their heads imbedded between the two
thicknesses, the said bolts pass through the tire and felly of the wheel,
and are secured by nuts. The tire is not made in a ring as usual, but
of a length to encircle the wheel, the ends being brought together to
make a joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SURGICAL PLAISTERS AND OTHER BANDAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Chandler and
William Henry Southan at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th August 1874.
HRASE.
We, CHRISTOPHER CHANDLER, of 13, Artillery Street, Bermondsey, in
the County of Surrey, Druggists' Sundryman, and WILLIAM HENRY
SOUTHAN, of 13, Princess Street, Clerkenwell, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SURGICAL
PLAISTERS AND OTHER BANDAGES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in applying plaisters and bandages to wounds and sores the
patient has suffered great pain, both from the application thereof and
from the unwinding of the same in order to inspect the progress of the
parts affected; whilst another great disadvantage (which in many cases
has been attended with serious consequences to the patient) has been the
impossibility when redressing the wound or sore to insure the same
disposition of the various veins and arteries as they were placed in upon
the first application of such plaister or bandage, or both.
Now the object of our improvements is to obviate these various dis
advantages by perforating such medical plaisters and bandages with a

page_text: series of holes or perforations, such holes or perforations being either of
a circular, horizontal, triangular, or any other convenient form, and
being arranged in stripes of greater or lesser breadth and at suitable
distances apart upon the plaister or bandage. By this means the pro-
gress of the parts affected is partially discernible through the perforated :
stripes aforesaid, and if it is found to be satisfactory, the dressing may
be permitted to remain undisturbed, which in itself is frequently a great
advantage; but if on the contrary a closer examination is desired than
can be obtained through the perforations aforesaid, or should the parts
affected require to be redressed, either wholly or partially, then, instead
of entirely removing the plaister or bandage as heretofore, it is only
necessary to remove a small portion thereof by severing the outer row
of holes or perforations on each side of such perforated stripe for a
sufficient distance to permit of the plaister being turned back so as to
permit of such examination, or of being detached and removed altogether ]
should redressing be found requisite.
Another advantage of our improvements is that the perforations or
incisions in the plaister or bandage allow of the escape of fluids without
disturbing the dressing, and the cooling of the parts affected by per-
mitting exhalation and ventilation.
2
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COMBINED CORSET AND DRESS IMPROVER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Whale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1874.-A. communication from abroad by Hugo
Schultz, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD WHALE, of Love Lane, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF COMBINED CORSET AND DRESS IMPROVER," (a communication
to me from abroad by Hugo Schultz, of Paris, in the Republic of France,)
to be as follows:-
-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of providing ladies with an
article of wearing apparel which has the object of supplying in one
garment two articles of dress worn by ladies at the present day, viz.,
"corset" and dress improver" or "bustle."
The improvements consist in securing to the back of the "corset" (which
is made in a manner similar to those now in use) a length of whalebone
or other similar flexible material which will partially embrace the waist of
the wearer; from this as a foundation lengths of whalebone or other similar
material are secured so as to project at right angles therefrom, the whole

page_text: "
of which are inserted in slots composed of material similar to that of the
"corset ;" the shape of such material from the sides of the "corset " has
a semcircular formation, the same being intended for the "improver ”
or "bustle;" but in order to give this semicircular "improver" a bowed
or curved shape, so as to stand out from the waist of the wearer, a web
of calico or other material of smaller dimensions is attached inside the
"improver in
a manner which will contract or bow the stiffenning of
the whalebone, and so in proportion to such contraction give more or
less shape or stand off to suit the taste of the wearer. This interior web
may be provided with eyelets and lace, by which means more or less con-
traction may be easily effected.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAT FRAMES FOR SHAPING THE BRIMS OF FELT HATS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Burch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1874.
I, GEORGE BURCH, of Denton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF HAT FRAMES FOR SHAPING THE BRIMS OF FELT HATS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a certain novel construction of apparatus for
curling or shaping the brims of soft felt hats, whereby the brim can be
shaped with the greatest accuracy at the same time that the crown or
body of the hat is effectually protected from the action of the steam used
in curling the brim, and thus a better finish is produced.
The Invention consists principally in the combination of a tin, copper,
or other box or chamber to contain the crown or body of the hat, and
protect it from the action of the steam with a "shaping frame" of brass
or other suitable metal, over which the brim is strained and tied to keep
it to the desired form or curl during the steaming operation.
The tin box or chamber is made of such a form and size as to contain
the body of the hat when placed therein, crown downwards. To the

page_text: upper edge or rim of this box is soldered or otherwise suitably fixed
the brass or other metal "shaping frame," to which the desired form or
curl is given, and which of course projects over the edge of the box all
'round, and the hat body being placed in the box the brim is strained
over the shaping frame and fixed by two or more metal pins fitting into
sockets in the outside of the tin box or chamber. The brim is then
securely tied under the edge of the shaping frame by string or other
similar material, and a block (called a "brow block") being placed inside
the hat the latter is submitted to the steaming operation to set the curl
of the brim.
It will be evident that by the use of this apparatus the brims will be
set to the exact form or curl desired, and that the body of the hat will
be effectually protected from the action of the steam, which injures the
finish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1874. A communication from abroad by Ferdinand Ernest Michel
Nillus, residing at Paris, France.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES," (a communication to
me from abroad by Ferdinand Ernest Michel Nillus, at present residing
at Paris, France), to be as follows:-
The improvements which form the subject of the present Invention
relate to a peculiar combination of marine steam engines of the vertical
compound type, in which the three cylinders are grouped in such a
manner as to occupy only a very limited surface, and from which the
same results can be obtained as from the engines with three cylinders
arranged side by side of which numerous applications have been already
made.

page_text: cylinders in the same vertical plane, and one large cylinder immediately
above them. The pistons of these three cylinders all work cranks on
the same shaft, the two side cranks being connected with the pistons of
the two small cylinders, and the central crank having a longer "throw'
and being connected to the piston of the large upper cylinder.
"
The steam escapes from the small cylinder by vertical tubes, which
open into a passage leading to the large cylinder placed above them, and
communicate by passing around the two valve boxes which serve also as
steam chests.
In case of damage the engine can be worked with two cylinders only
in the following manner:-If the damage occurs to the large cylinder, by
removing its connecting rod and slide valve, and if the damage is to one
of the smaller cylinders, then its connecting rod must be dismounted
and its valve removed. This removal or suppression of the valves can
be effected in the simplest manner by raising the cover of the box which
encloses them, and unscrewing the nuts which fix the valves on their
rods so as to leave them sufficient play that the rods can move without
moving the valves with them. The valves may be held during this time
against the facing by one or two pressure screws serving at the same
time to fasten the compensator, and consequently admit the steam on to
the external face to incrcaso the adhesion, or any other means may be
employed.
The frame which supports the three cylinders is hollow, and is utilized
as a surface condenser, serving also for a centrifugal circulating pump.
The air pump is actuated by means of a beam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED ALARUM AND HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Sharp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1874.
I, ARCHIBALD SHARP, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Tinsmith and Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED ALARUM AND HEATING APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the combining of alarum and heating
apparatus in an improved manner, so as to be conveniently and easily
arranged, efficacious in its action, unaccompanied by danger of fire, and
not liable to get out of order.
One modification of the improved apparatus is adapted for the use of
common or other illuminating gas, and comprises a Bunsen burner
arranged beneath a small steam boiler made of tinned plate, brass,
copper, or other suitable material. The boiler is fitted with a steam
whistle which is always open. The main supply of gas to the burner is
through a stop cock arranged to be opened by a weight, which on
arranging the alarum is supported on a tilting plate either balanced or

page_text: held up by a catch; and this tilting plate is arranged to be tilted or
released at any predetermined time by any suitable clock movement.
Where the clock used is one driven by weights the tilting plate or a
lever acting on it may be placed in the way of the descending clock
weight, and such weight may be wound up more or less according to the
time that is to elapse between the setting and the intended action of the
alarum; then when the proper time arrives the clock weight reaches
the tilting plate and sets free the alarum weight, which last turns on the
gas. For the ignition of the gas a small separate branch pipe is
provided with a burner situated at or near the top of the Bunsen burner,
and a minute jet of gas from this burner is lighted when setting the
apparatus, and keeps lighted until required.
Where gas is not available an ordinary paraffin or other suitable oil
lamp may be placed beneath the small steam boiler, and may be adjusted
to burn with the least possible flame until the time for the action of the
alarum arrives. The cord from the alarum weight is connected in any
convenient way to the button for acting on the wick of the lamp, and on
the clock setting off the alarum weight it turns up the wick, and
causes a sufficient increase of combustion for raising steam in the small
boiler.
An important advantage of the improved apparatus is that instead of
the noise produced by the alarum lasting a short time only, the whistle
will persist in sounding until its intended wakening effect is produced,
and the gas is turned off or until the water is exhausted.
The hot water in the boiler may be used or the boiler may be movable,
and after the whistle has had its effect a separate vessel may be put in
its place for heating coffee or other beverage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Archibald Callender at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1874.
I, JOHN ARCHIBALD CALLENDER, of Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in railway signals, has
for its object to attract the attention of drivers and guards of trains to
the signal when such is at danger, and when the train has been allowed
to come opposite to the signal or within the proper distance therefrom
without its motion being stopped or retarded. For this purpose a com-
bination of the ordinary semaphore and lamp signals with a detonating
signal is employed, the detonating cartridge being so arranged relatively
with the semaphore or lamp that when these are by the signalman
placed at danger the cartridge is at the same time brought over a piston
or hammer at the upper end of a vertical rod; this rod is attached at
its lower end to one extremity of a lever centred on a pin or fulcrum,
and on the other end of the lever an inclined or convex surface is placed,

page_text: which when in position for being acted upon is on a level with the top
of the rail at one side. When the flanch of one of the front wheels of
the engine or foremost vehicle of the train passes over the inclined or
convex surface the same is depressed and throws upwards the end of
the lever, to which the hammer or piston is attached, and explodes
the detonating cartridge, whereby the attention of the driver or guard
is called to the position of the semaphore or lamp signal. The
cartridge may be so constructed as to emit when exploded a coloured
flame, which may be caused to shoot along the side of the engine or
foremost vehicle after the manner of a rocket.
The apparatus herein-before described is so arranged that when the
signalman turns the semaphore or lamp to the danger position he at the
same time brings the inclined or convex surface into position to be
acted upon by the flanch of the wheel of the engine or foremost vehicle.
The detonating cartridge besides being placed in proximity to the
signal post may also be placed in proximity to the rail, or in other con-
venient situation; but in whatever position the detonating cartridge is
placed the action of the apparatus is substantially as herein-before
described.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING TOBACCO TO FREE IT FROM NICOTINE AND AMMONIA
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodcroft Hammond at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th April 1874.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Augustus Weigold, of Reudnitz, Saxony.
•
I, HENRY WOODCROFT HAMMOND, of 27, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
TREATING TOBACCO TO FREE IT FROM NICOTINE AND AMMONIA," (communicated
to me from abroad by Charles Augustus Weigold, of Reudnitz, Saxony),
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in placing the raw tobacco for treatment into
a hermeticcally closed vessel into which steam is allowed to pass for the
space of half an hour, more or less, according to the hardness of the
tobacco. When the tobacco is sufficiently softened steam is then passed
through a Bequereux air rarefaction apparatus (which is connected to
the vessel containing the tobacco) and by this means the nicotine and
ammonia as well as the air are extracted from the tobacco and the
vessel containing it, when in order to replace these deleterious properties
either of the following ingredients or receipts which have been

page_text: previously prepared are added for the purpose of giving to the tobacco
an agreeable aroma, viz., to each hundredweight of tobacco add the
combined extracts of, firstly, 8 litres of water, 2 litres of beer, ½ lb.
green tea, ½ lb. ground plum kernels, 10 grammes of fine honey,
5 grammes of rose leaves, 1 gramme of vanille, 6 grammes of pepper
wort, and 1 lb. of juniper berries; or, secondly, 10 litres of water,
2 grammes of cardamom, 3 grammes of ginger, 2 grammes of lavender
flowers, 2 grammes of galangal, 2 grammes of reseda oil, 25 grammes of
currants, 50 grammes of plum kernels, and 1 lb. juniper berries. These
prepared ingredients are allowed to simmer with the tobacco for the
space of three hours, when the tobacco is taken out of the vessel and
dried and made ready for use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF LINING OR COATING IRON PIPES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Brothers Darwin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1874.
I, SAMUEL BROTHERS DARWIN, of Shrewsbury, in the County of
Salop, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF LINING OR COATING IRON PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the lining or coating of either wrought
or cast iron pipes or tubes with lead, tin, or other suitable metal, or
alloy or gutta percha, or a mixture of gutta percha and other material
suitable for preserving and increasing the durability of the pipe, and
enabling it to withstand when laid beneath the surface of the ground or
otherwise, the action of any fluid, liquid, or other matter to which it
may be subjected, and for lining consists in placing within the iron pipe,
which may be heated or not, an iron or other suitable core or spindle
leaving a space between it and the pipe corresponding to the thickness
of the intended lining. The lead, tin, or other material is then melted
and forced in by hydraulic or other pressure between the tube and the
core. When the lining has cooled sufficiently the core is withdrawn or

page_text: removed, and the operation repeated for an additional length of the pipe,
where the pipe is too long to admit of the whole being completed in one
operation.
For coating the pipe a mould or barrel is passed over the pipe
intended to be coated, sufficient space being left between it and the 5
pipe to admit of the desired thickness of coating being applied, the
operation of coating being similar to that of lining.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Portway at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1874.
I, HERBERT PORTWAY, of Hipperholme, near Halifax, in the County
of York, Worsted Stuff Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a stop motion or self-acting means for
stopping the action of the loom when any one or more of the ends or
threads of the warp breaks. For this purpose I employ a series of
small lever catches, in number according to the requirements of the
make and set, which are arranged and hinged side by side on a rod fixed
to the back of the reed in such manner as that each lever will be acted
upon by its respective ends or threads so as to lift the same at the back
stroke of the lay or batten, and when the healds or heddles are opening
the shed; but should any one or more of the said ends break, the lever,
which should be lifted thereby, will not be lifted, but will catch on a
rod also fixed to the reed, and extending accross the loom, which will

page_text: hold it in firm position, and as the lay moves back it will strike against
another bar also extending across the loom, hinged at each end to the
loom frames, the rod forming a lever and working in a lateral direction
and connected to another lever or catch hinged on the breast beam, in
such manner that when one or more of the small levers strike the said
lever bar, the said catch lever will be placed in position to prevent the
ordinary weft fork acting in its usual manner, and the consequence will
be that the strap guide will be operated upon and the belt thrown on to
the loose pulley, and so the loom will be stopped. These small levers
may however be arranged on the front of the reed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS IMPROVERS OR BUSTLES FOR PERSONAL WEAR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Binaepfel and George
Thomas Press Pointer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st October 1874.
We, JOSEPH BINAEPFEL and GEORGE THOMAS PRESS POINTER, both
of Great Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS IMPROVERS OR BUSTLES FOR PERSONAL WEAR," to be
as follows:
―:
This Invention relates to the construction of articles which are called
"dress improvers" or bustles, and are well known in manufactures
relating to women's apparel.
The object of this Invention is to construct these articles in such
manner that they shall, while possessing the necessary flexibility and
adaptability yet present sufficient strength and durability, and be of
economical manufacture, and be readily capable of being packed for
transit.
Hitherto these articles have been manufactured of steel and other
materials, but we consider that the material of which we propose to

page_text: manufacture the same (which material has not been hitherto employed.
for such purpose) will, when used in the manner herein-after described,
produce the best industrial results for the purpose.
According to our Invention we use for the manufacture of dress
improvers or bustles a vegetable material known as willow, that is to
say, the product of the willow tree or similar products of the genus or
tribe salix. These products are woven, braided, or formed into sheets
or pieces of various sizes and shapes, and with devices or patterns if
desired.
The sheets or pieces may be stiffened by uniting them with buckram,
muslin, or other supplemental fabric, and by adding size or similar
stiffening, cementing, or adhesive agent which is "set" by heat. They
are afterwards cut into the required shape and dimensions, and either by
blocking them or pressing them, or by cutting out strips or pieces and
sewing them, or by other means or methods they are brought into the
required form for the object desired.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE LONG COLLARS OF THROSTLES, DOUBLERS, AND SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bullough at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on the 8th
July 1874. Partly a communication from abroad by William
Townson, of Gladbach, Rheinish Prussia.
I, JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE LONG COLLARS OF THROSTLES, DOUBLERS, AND SIMILAR
MACHINES," the same being in part a communication to me from abroad
by William Townson, of Gladbach, Rheinish Prussia, and partly of my
own Invention, to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of
and in the mode of setting or adjusting long collars for throstles,
doublers, and similar machines. One of these improvements consists in
casting on the under side of the washer of the collar radial ribs or pro-
jections. These ribs or projections constitute the seat on which the
collar sits or rests.
It is evident that the collar may readily be set to any required position
by filing one or other of these ribs or projections, and then by means of

page_text: the nut and screw underneath pressing it down to the surface of the
spindle rail.
It is also evident that these ribs not only facilitate the "setting" or
"adjusting" of the collar, but that they also strengthen it materially.
Another mode consists in breaking the continuity of the circular
flange or chipping rib on the under side of the washer into two or more
segments, so that the surface to be filed is readily seen and adjusted.
The two modes above described apply to those cases in which the
collars are held fast to the spindle rail by the action of a nut and screw
on the under side of the washer.
Our next improvement applies to those cases where the collar is held
fast by a set screw. We form a curved or angular recess in the body of
the collar below the washer in such a position that the set screw point
acts on the angular or inclined part when screwed up. This prevents
the collar being tilted up on one edge, as collars set in the ordinary way
are very liable to be, and when so tilted up they are not so firm because
the washer does not bed solid on the surface of the rail. The recess
also insures the collar when taken out for cleaning or any other purpose
being replaced in the same position as it before occupied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES TO BE USED FOR DECANTING AERATED BEVERAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Elias at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1874.
I, DANIEL ELIAS, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster, Physician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TAPS OR VALVES TO BE USED FOR DECANTING AERATED BEVERAGES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of taps or valves in which one
end or the shank is inserted through the cork or stopper of the
bottle or vessel from which the aërated beverage is to be drawn, and
consists,―
First. As means for proventing escape of compressed or aërating
gases from the beverage through the tap or valve when not drawing off
the beverage, I construct the said tap or valve with a scating valve,
which is kept to its seating face by a screwed stem, instead of by a plug
valve or barrel arranged to be rotated by hand.

page_text: stopper I surround the lower end of such shank when arranged as
described under the above first head with several small holes instead of
one or more large ones. This ensures that the said holes will not be
stopped up by pieces of cork or other substances bearing against the
opening to or being caught in the passage through the shank.
The said shank may be provided with a thread on its surfaco, or
may be plain. The point may be loose or fixed rigidly to the shank.
When a loose point is used I prefer to form the piece entering the
shank with a slot, and prevent the said point falling into the bottle or
vessel by a pin passing through the slot,