IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH AND THE CONVERTING OF THE REFUSE ARISING IN OR FROM SUCH MANUFACTURE TO DIVERS USEFUL
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ORLANDO JONES, of Rotherfield Street, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Accountant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster the Sixth day of March now last past, did for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Orlando Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Orlando
Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, by myself and them-
selves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or
such others as I, the said Orlando Jones, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term of fourteen years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick upon Tweed, and also in all Her Majesty's Colonies
and Plantations abroad, my Invention of which I am possessed of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH AND THE CONVERTING OF
THE REFUSE ARISING IN OR FROM SUCH MANUFACTURE TO DIVERS USEFUL

page_text: PURPOSES," in such manner as to me, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should seen meet; in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said Orlando Jones, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said Orlando Jones, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
particularly described and ascertained in the following description
thereof, that is to say:
My Improvements in the manufacture of starch, and in the convert-
ing of the refuse arising in or from such manufacture to divers useful
purposes, consist in the following modes of operating:
Firstly, I have discovered that the introduction of saccharine matter
among the meal, flour, or other farinaceous materials employed in the
manufacture of starch, is beneficial in promoting the vinous ferment-
ation;
Secondly, that the introduction of yeast or other ferments among the
materials in such manufacture will also assist the vinous fermentation;
and,
Thirdly, that acetic acid may be usefully employed for dissolving and
separating the gluten from the fecula in starch-making. Though sac-
charine matters obtained from various substances would answer the
purpose of my improved process, yet I prefer that obtained from the
wash or refuse slime resulting from the manufacture of starch, which
I prepare in the manner herein-after described, and apply it, with the
meal, flour, or other farinaceous materials, whilst they are undergoing
the steeping process. Yeast or other ferments may be added to the
meal, flour, or other farinaceous materials, when steeping in the vat,
the liquor being at a temperature of about 65° Fahrenheit. The
acetous acid, in whatever way produced, I apply either by steeping the

page_text: meal or flour in it, in the first instance, which will supersede the neces-
sity of a subsequent vinous fermentation, or it may be applied after the
vinous fermentation has ceased for the purpose of dissolving and sepa-
rating the gluten from the meal, flour, or other farinaceous materials..
In order to convert the wash or refuse slime into saccharine matter or
sweet liquor, I boil the said wash or slime with acid in the following
proportions, or nearly so: To any given quantity of the wash or slime
I add from one twentieth to one fortieth by measure of the ordinary
sulphuric acid of commerce, according to the state of the wash, which
can only be known from observation; such mixture I boil from two to
four hours, dependent upon the strength of the acid and the state of
the wash; after this I introduce as much chalk or lime or other
suitable alkali into the liquor as will neutralize the acid, and, when
settled, draw off the sweet liquor, which is then fit for use; or I
warm one hundred gallons of the before-mentioned wash or slime in a
vessel to the temperature of from 76° to 86° Fahrenheit, and add to this
from two to four bushels of finely ground malt, and after well stirring
raise the temperature of the mixture to 150° or 160° Fahrenheit; in
this state it must continue from one to two hours, when the sweet
liquor may be drawn off for use. This saccharine matter or sweet
liquor thus obtained I apply to promote the vinous fermentation in
starch-making, or the same may be fermented and subjected as a
wash to the process of distillation for the production of alcohol, or it
may be allowed to pass into the acetous fermentation and be con-
verted into vinegar. Also the water or top liquor resulting from the
vinous fermentation of the meal, flour, or other farinaceous materials, in
the manufacture of starch, either in the improved or the ordinary mode,
may, when the vinous fermentation has ceased, be drawn off for
distillers wash, or it may be allowed to pass into the acetous fermen-
tation and be converted into vinegar. More particularly to describe
iny improvements in starch-making without intending to confine
myself precisely to the quantities of the materials used, I will say,
for example, take four hundred gallons of water, and add eighty gallons
of sweet liquor, and warm the whole, and when at about 65° F.
stir in one hundred bushels of meal, flour, or other farinaceous
materials; to this add from ten to fifteen gallons of yeast or any

page_text: other fermenting matter, sufficient to set it in active fermentation;
then stir it, that the whole may be equally fermented, and when the
vinous fermentation has ceased draw off the water or top liquor, from
which may be extracted the spirit by distillation, and add four hun-
dred gallons of strong acetic acid to the meal, flour, or other. farina-
ceous materials remaining after the water or top liquor has been
drawn off. Stir this occasionally for three or four days, then wash
it through sieves into a receiver, using acetic acid or water for
that purpose; it must then be allowed to deposit, and after
drawing off the acetic acid, separate the slime or wash from the starch,
which may be washed and finished in the usual way of starch-making.
Should the slime or wash still contain starch, add acetic acid; and well
stir and allow it to deposit; after which the slime or wash should be
drawn off, and the starch finished as usual. Or I may vary the
process by taking four hundred gallons of acetic acid, cold or warmed
to about 65° F., and add one hundred bushels of meal, flour, or
other farinaceous materials, and stir it well occasionally for two, three,
or four days, after which it may be washed through sieves, and finished
as above. Again, I may vary the process by taking four hundred gallons
of water, cold or at 65° Fahrenheit, and adding one hundred bushels
of meal, flour, or other farinaceons materials, and allowing it to remain
till the vinous fermentation has ceased; then draw off the water or top
liquor (from which may be extracted the spirit by distillation), and add
to the farinaceous materials remaining after the water or top liquor has
been drawn off four hundred gallons of acetic acid, warmed to about
65° F., or cold, and stir it well together. After remaining from
two to four days I wash it through sieves, and proceed as already
described. Having thus described my improvements in the manufac-
ture of starch, and in the converting of the refuse arising in or from
such manufacture to divers useful purposes in such a way as I think
will be perfectly understood by starch-makers, I lastly declare that the
novelties which I claim to have invented in respect to such improve-.
ments are,-
Firstly, the introduction of saccharine matter among the meal,
flour, or other farinaceous materials employed in starch-making to
promote fermentation and expedite the process;

page_text: Secondly, the employment of yeast or other ferments for a similar
purpose;
Thirdly, the use of acetic acid to promote the acetic fermentation, and
to dissolve and separate the gluten in the process of starch-making;
Fourthly, the application of the wash or refuse slime obtained from
starch-making, for the purpose of producing a sweet liquor, which
may be employed for the making of sugar and other uses, and par-
ticularly for promoting the vinous fermentation of the meal, flour, or
other farinaceous materials in starch-making, or as a distiller's wash
from which alcohol may be distilled, or it may be subjected to acetous
fermentation and converted into vinegar; and, Fifthly, the water or top
liquor which is obtained from the vinous fermentation of the meal,
flour, or other farinaceous materials, and the employment of the same
as a wash for the production of alcohol by distillation or for manufac-
turing acetic acid.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Tifl day of Santamalvan in the rear of ow Lond
ORLANDO JONES. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the Fifth day of September
in the third year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the
said Orlando Jones came before our said Lady the Queen in Her
Chancery, and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and
everything therein contained and specified in form above written ;
and also the instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late
Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Fifth day of September One thousand eight hundred