matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CANCELLING STAMPS, LABELS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1872.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Garrett Johnsen, of New Orleans, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CANCELLING
STAMPS, LABELS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture stamps, labels, and
other analogous articles in such a manner that when once they have
been attached to any surface or fabric so as firmly to adhere thereto
they cannot be detached therefrom without so far defacing the design
printed thereon as to render it impossible to use the stamp again
without detection. To this end I take a thin transparent paper and
saturate it with coal or other volatile oil, and upon one side of this
paper I print such letters, figures, or device as may be required.
Whilst the paper is saturated with the oil I apply on the side which
is not printed a covoring of adhesive paste, gum, or mucilage; and

page_text: when this gum, paste, or mucilage is quite dry I print with any
suitable ink such other letters, figures, or designs as may be desired
on the pasted side of the paper. The printing on both sides of the
prepared paper should not be exactly opposite, as this would obstruct
the view of the different figures or letters. The first printing is to
guard against counterfeiting, and the second is seen through the paper,
which for this purpose has been rendered transparent.
In order to apply these improved adhesive stamps or labels they
are cut in proper shape and applied by damping or wetting that part
of the surface to which the stamp or label is to be attached by means
of the paste side (on which is the second printed matter). The stamp
or label will readily adhere to the damped surface, and when once dry
the stamp or label cannot be removed without defacing the printed
matter or device on the pasted side, and consequently rendering the said
stamp or label unfit for use a second time.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO WHEELED VEHICLES FOR FACILITATING THE DRAUGHT OR PROPULSION THEREOF
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stanley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
October 1872.
I, JOHN STANLEY, of South Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO WHEELED VEHICLES FOR FACILITATING THE
DRAUGHT OR PROPULSION THEREOF," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to improved means for facilitating or easing the
draught or propulsion of wheeled vehicles, and consists. in the peculiar
construction of wheel hereafter described, whereby a portion of the
weight of the load is utilized for assisting in the traction or propulsion
of the vehicle. According to my Invention this portion of the weight
which would otherwise be inert is applied to the wheel in such a manner
as to become motive power.
The wheel is constructed with spokes in the ordinary manner, but
around the felly I apply a number of segments or shoes fitted to slide
therein, (these segments forming the outer circumference of the wheel)
bearing on the ground in succession. As all these segments and their

page_text: adjuncts are similarly constructed and operate in the same manner it
will be sufficient to describe one only.
Each segment fitted as before mentioned projects inside the felly
where it is connected to the end of a radial rod whose other end bears
against a spring box or cushion fixed to the hub of the wheel to sustain
a portion of the load. On the rear face of the segment is an inclined
plane which bears against the extremity of a curved rod fitted to slide in
guides, and whose other end bears against the adjoining or another spoke
on the rear or after side of the wheel. To the radial rod before
mentioned a chain or wire is connected passing in the opposite direction
to the said curved rod, under a sheave or sheaves fitted to the adjoining
and succeeding spokes on the forward or advancing side of the wheel,
and is attached to a convenient point in the periphery of the wheel.
The sliding movement of the sections or shoes is thus transmitted
through the said connections to different parts of the wheel to assist in
the propulsion of the vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND DRYING VARIOUS SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Browning at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1872.
I, THOMAS BROWNING, of Church Lane, Whitechapel, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND DRYING VARIOUS
SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS," to be as follows:—
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for washing and drying various substances or materials, and relates to a
novel arrangement and construction of parts whereby an efficient action
is obtained, whilst the apparatus is capable of being readily taken to
picces and transported from one place to another. For this purpose I
employ a number of troughs or chambers placed side by side, so as to
form a series of any desired length; the bottoms of such troughs or
chambers I form in the segment of a circle.
These troughs or chambers may be formed of either wrought or
cast iron, or other metal, and the machine is made in separate segments,
each segment containing one, two, or more of such troughs or chambers,

page_text: so that they may be easily transported from place to place, and con-
nected together in position. Mounted over the centre of each of these
troughs or chambers is an axis on which are fixed a number of arms or
stirrers to all of which by suitable gearing rotary motion is given, by
which means the material to be washed and dried is stirred and lifted
from one trough or chamber to the next, and so on to the end of the
series, where if desired the dried material may be passed between rollers
to pulverize it. These arms or stirrers in their rotation follow some-
what closely the bottoms of the troughs or chambers so as to prevent
the permament lodgment therein of any of the material under treatment.
The bottoms of these troughs or chambers may be formed hollow, and
provided with suitable connections for steam or hot air to circulate
therein, each trough or chamber, or segment of troughs or chambers
being formed complete in itself. Or such troughs or chambers may be
arranged over a suitable furnace, the heat and products of combustion
from which, after passing under and along the bottoms of such troughs
or chambers in a suitable flue are then caused to pass over and along
the tops of the troughs or chambers and amongst the materials under
treatment, and then away by a suitable chimney.
When using the machine as a combined washing and drying machine,
I cause water to flow through the first few troughs or chambers which
are provided with perforated bottoms, the material to be washed being
carried from one of such troughs or chambers to the next by the arms
or stirrers, until it comes to the drying portion of the apparatus where
similar arms or stirrers act to carry the material through the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Alleyne Cook, of Viewville House,
in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britian, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL."
Sealed the 29th November 1872, and dated the 23rd August 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Alleyne Cook
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd August 1872.
I, EDMUND ALLEYNE Cook, of Viewville House, in the County of
5 Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as
follows, that is to say :—
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Alleyne Cook
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd August 1872.
I, EDMUND ALLEYNE COOK, of Viewville House, in the County of
3 Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to increase the decolorising efficiency
of animal charcoal usually known as "char" produced by the burning
) of bones in close vessels.

page_text: The modes ordinarly practised in the employment of "char" for
decolorising purposes is to filter the liquid to be decolorised through it,
or to boil the liquid and throw in granulated or powdered "char," and
after an amount of colouring matter has been removed by the action of
the "char" on the liquid, the "char" ceases to have the decolorising effect |
until after it is washed and reburned, when the decolorising property is
restored but not to the extent which the "char" originally possessed.
According to the presont Invention the "char" after having had its
decolorising property exhausted is first washed in the ordinary manner,
and after being allowed to drain a solution of chloride of ammonium is ]
passed over it, or instead of using the solution 'powdered chloride of
ammonium may be mixed with the "char," or the vapour of chloride
of ammonium passed through it, either whilst hot or cold, or the chloride
of ammonium may be otherwise brought to bear on the "char," the
essential' point to ensure being the intimate distribution of the chloride 1
throughout the "char" so treated, and its being burned in contact with
it.
4
In place of using the chloride of ammonium, the iodides, bromides, or
fluorides of ammonium may be substituted therefor. After the ammo-
nium salt. has been used as herein-before mentioned the "char" is 2
burned in the ordinary way.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING CROCHET NEEDLES OR CROCHET HOOKS TO THEIR HANDLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1872.
I, BENJAMIN CLARK, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Hosier and
Haberdasher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING CROCHET NEEDLES OR CROCHET HOOKS TO THEIR
HANDLES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
connecting crochet needles or crochet hooks to their handles. By my
Invention the crochet needles or hooks are fastened very securely to
their handles, and the separation of the needles or hooks from their
handles, which commonly occurs when the needles or hooks are fastened
in the ordinary way, is avoided.
In fastening a crochet needle. or hook to its handle according to my
Invention I flatten the end of the stem of the needle or hook, and
pierce or drill a hole in the said flattened end. A hole is also drilled
across the handle near the extreme end-or-base thereof. The said stem

page_text: of the needle or hook is introduced into the bone or other handle, and a
cross pin or rivet is passed through the hole in the base of the handle,
and also through the hole in the stem of the needle or hook. By
expanding or rivetting the ends of the cross pin or rivet the crochet
needle or hook is very securely fastened to the handle. The rivetted
end of the handle is covered and completed by a metal cap. The fixing
pin or rivet described may be passed through the metal cap and handle
and stem of the crochet needle or hook. In this case the covering cap
and needle or hook are fixed in their places at one operation.
The holes and cross pin described may be at the inner end of the
handle instead of at the base or extreme end. When the fastening of
the needle or hook is effected at the base of the handle a ring may be
substituted for the cross pin described.
My Invention is applicable to the fastening of crochet needles or
hooks to handles made of wire and to handles of various kinds and made
of various materials.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Bickford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1872.
I, NICHOLAS BICKFORD, of Exmouth, in the County of Devon,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows: -
This Invention which relates to an improvement in the manufacture
of soap consists in adding (in or during the process of manufacture) to
soap made in the usual way by alkalies a very finely levigated powder
or a solution of French chalk (Creta Gallica).
The improved soap which I propose to designate the "Wisdom,
Strength, and Beauty Soap," is intended to be made of various strengths,
such for instance as may be used for toilet, bath, infants, and house-
hold purposes. The relative strengths which I prefer to use will be
about 7 per cent. of the powder addition to bath soap, about 5 per cent.
to toilet soap, and about 4 per cent. for the infants' soap. The powder
addition to household and other soaps may be varied, and will depend
chiefly upon their quality, and the strength desired.

page_text: The advantages resulting from the use of this soap will be great
economy, as it will last longer than ordinary soap, and will impart to
the skin a smoothness not hitherto attained, and at the same time it will
be a perfect detergent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING YARN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd of
September 1872.
I, WILLIAM WALTON, of Hand Royd Midgley, in the Parish of
Halifax, in the County of York, Cotton Mill Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING YARN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the
spindles and flyers of such machinery in such manner as to greatly
facilitate the doffing or placing the empty and removing the full
bobbins from the spindles thereof, and to greatly reduce the friction of
working.
In constructing this part of such machinery according to my
Invention I employ a fixed or non-rotating spindle, a portion of the
upper part thereof being smaller or of less diameter, so as to receive a
collar on which is the pulley or warve," immediately above which and
fast to the collar is the flyer, but in the reverse position to that here-
tofore, that is to say, the flyer is inverted. A shoulder on the smaller
<<

page_text: portion of the spindle supports a washer of iron or other metal, on
which the bobbin rests; a woollen washer may intervene if desireable.
The top of the spindle is thus unobstructed by the flyer, so that the
bobbins may be placed thereon or removed at once without necessity of
removing any part of the flyer or spindle.
A NEW MODE OF CONSTRUCTING AND ADAPTING THE FRAMES OF BEDSTEADS FOR THE RECEPTION OP TENSIONAL OR OTHER SPRING MATTRESSES, AS ALSO IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING SUCH TENSIONAL OR OTHER SPRING MATTRESSES TO IRON BEDSTEADS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Hoskins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1872.
I, EBENEZER HOSKINS, of the Firm of Hoskins and Sewell, of the
Midland Brass and Iron Bedstead Works, Bordesley, Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "A NEW MODE OF CONSTRUCTING AND ADAPTING THE FRAMES OF
BEDSTEADS FOR THE RECEPTION OP TENSIONAL OR OTHER SPRING MATTRESSES, AS
ALSO IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING SUCH TENSIONAL OR OTHER SPRING MATTRESSES
TO IRON BEDSTEADS," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
.
My Invention consists first in adapting the rails of bedsteads to
metallic posts so as to utilize the metal joints formed and constructed
with the same, by applying metal joints or dovetails to the ends of such
rails, and in attaching tensional or other spring mattresses to the same,
by arranging loops, joints, or hooks, to stretch and engage with the
sides and end rails of such bedsteads, so as to avoid the necessity of
making a separate frame for receiving such mattresses.
And, secondly, I purpose adapting and applying tensional or other
spring mattresses to the frames or rails of ordinary metallic bedsteads,

page_text: by conveniently attaching the lateral connecting loops, hooks, or side
terminal parts of such tensional spring mattresses to the ordinary angle
iron of metallic bedsteads, and to a strong elevated rail of the head
frame of such bedsteads I make fast the series of longitudinal, simple, or
compound tensional or other springs, the rail being so far elevated as to
afford a suitable amount of elevation at the bed head, whilst the foot
connecting parts of such tensional or other springs are fastened to the
foot rail of such bedsteads, thus producing a metallic spring mattress in
connection with iron bedsteads highly sensitive as to its elastic force,
conserving economy, with great comfort and cleanliness, and such:
mattresses may be variously constructed such as to be wholly of wire,
or partly of wire and partly of web, or the elastic force may be obtained
from india-rubber, or other means, all equally adaptable for giving effect
to my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1872.
I, Thomas Kay, of Lower Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN STEAM
BOILER FURNACES," to be as follows :-
The Invention relates principally to two flued boilers, and is designed
to effect the more perfect consumption of the smoke and products of
combustion in the furnaces thereof.
The Invention consists in causing the smoke and products of
combustion evolving from one furnace after having been fed with fuel
to return from the back end of the boiler through a suitable flue or pipe,
and to pass into and over the bright fire of the other furnace, whereby
the smoke and gases are more perfectly consumed than heretofore.
A suitable arrangement of dampers are employed at the outlets to
chimney, and also to the inlets of the furnace if required, so as to
regulate the passage and return of the smoke from one flue to the
furnace of the other, and vice versů.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR COMPOSITION OF FUEL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Langley Banks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1872.
I, LANGLEY BANKS, of No. 127, Campbell Street, in the Town and
County of the Town of Kingston-upon-Hull, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
COMPOSITION OF FUEL," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain an economical substitute for
coal for use in furnaces and fire-places generally.
The Invention relates to the combination of the following matters :-
1st. Of the refuse which accumulates round the mouths of coal pits.
2nd. Small coal.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Langley Banks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1872.
I, LANGLEY BANKS, of No. 127, Campbell Street, in the Town and
County of the Town of Kingston-upon-Hull, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
COMPOSITION OF FUEL," to be as follows:-
•
The object of the Invention is to obtain an economical substitute for
coal for use in furnaces and fire-places generally.
The Invention relates to the combination of the following matters :—
1st. Of the refuse which accumulates round the mouths of coal pits.
2nd. Small coal.
3rd. Turf, peat, or such like matter.
4th. Mineral pitch.
5th. Coal tar.
6th. The scum or refuse from cotton seed after obtaining oil cake
therefrom.

page_text: The proportions of these ingredients may vary, but I find the follow-
ing to answer well :-One ton of small 'coal to four tons of refuse which
accumulate round the mouths of coal pits, one hundredweight of turf
or peat to every fifteen gallons of tar and pitch combined in every ton,
half a hundredweight of scum or refuse from cotton seed after obtaining &
oil cake therefrom.
The coal tar and the mineral pitch I prepare in the following
manner:-I mix whilst hot and after being boiled in the ordinary
manner the coal tar and pitch in equal proportions, the two are then
run together; before making use of the same I reboil them and mix 1
them up with the other ingredients before named. The whole of the
above articles are then compressed together by steam power or otherwise
and the composition is then ready for use.
The advantages arising from use of this substitute for coal are that a
clear fire is obtained with a very small proportion of cinder, that 1
it is durable, and occupies considerably less room than ordinary coal
in stowage.
AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES, TOGETHER WITH AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF WHEELS AND AXLE FOR USE WITH SUCH BRAKE AND OTHERWISE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rieber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1872.
.
I, JOHN RIEBER, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR
OMNIBUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES, TOGETHER WITH AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF
WHEELS AND AXLE FOR USE WITH SUCH BRAKE AND OTHERWISE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved brake for omnibuses and other
vehicles, and also to an improved arrangement of the wheels and axles
to which such brakes are applied.
According to my Invention I make the axletree of the hind wheels of
omnibuses or other four wheeled vehicles to turn with the wheels, and
on the axletree I apply a brake or friction drum partially encircled by
a metal brake strap operated by a hand or foot lever from the driver's
seat.
By tightening the brake strap the motion of the vehicle may be readily
retarded or stopped entirely by the friction of the strap on its drum,
which is keyed fast on the wheel axle.

page_text: In order to obviate the difficulty of turning a vehicle in which two of
the wheels are fast on their axle, I arrange the two wheels in such
manner that they shall be capable of limited motion independently of
one another and of their axle to a sufficient extent to allow of turning
corners, although for the purpose of being checked by the brake or of
being propelled (if the axle be cranked), the wheels will be one with
their axle. This I effect by making a screw connection between the
wheels and their axle. A screw thread of limited length is formed on
the two ends of the axle, which are received in corresponding screwed
sockets formed in the bosses of the wheels. The screws are right and
left-handed, so that in turning a corner for instance, either wheel can
turn independently of the other, and yet both will turn together with
the axle when the vehicle is moving in a straight line.
The independent motion of the wheels on their axle may be limited
IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLE BAGS FOR CARRYING WATER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chaine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1872.
I, WILLIAM CHAINE, of Portrush, in the County of Antrim, Captain
10th Hussars, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLE BAGS FOR CARRYING WATER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the carrying of water in
bags upon the backs of horses. For this purpose I construct a water
saddle bag of cotton or other fabric coated with vulcanized india-rubber.
The bag is made somewhat of a sack shape closed at both ends and with an
opening at its centre through which the two ends of the bag can be filled
with water. When the bag is placed across the back of a horse the two
ends of the bag hang down, one on either side, and form receptacles for
holding water, whilst the central opening being above the back of the
horse the water cannot escape from it. The underside of the bag which
rests on the horse's back is made in one piece from end to end. The
upper side in which the central opening is formed is also similarly made
in one piece, and extra fabric is placed around the central opening to

page_text: strengthen the bag at this point. The upper and under side pieces aro
attached to one another along their side edges for a distance at the
centre of the bag, whilst at cach of their ends they are attached to a
separate strip or gusset piece by which the holding capacity of the two
ends is increased.
In order to facilitate the drawing off of water from the two ends of
the bag each end may have a small tube of vulcanized india-rubber
leading from it which may be closed by tieing or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st December 1872.
I, GEORGE Augustus HuddarT, of Brynkir, in the County of
Carnarvon, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY BRAKES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a brake for the wheels of
railway carriages that will when set in action lock the wheels and stop
their rotation, thereby compelling them to skid on the rails until the
momentum of the train has been expended. To permit of this being
done safely I connect the locking plate or other instrument with a chain
leading from a metallic or other spring which will permit the locking
plate to "give" to the rotary motion of the wheel, and I thereby modify
the severity of its action on the wheel.
The Invention may be carried out in various forms but it is essential
that the power of the brakesman shall not be required to do more than
to set the brakes in action. I propose to place beneath each carriage

page_text: and running longitudinally thereof, a rod carrying elastic fingers which
by the rocking of the rod shall throw the brake into and out of action.
The rods of the several carriages will be furnished with couplings
which will connect the one with the other as the carriages are brought
together, and coupled up to form a train. These coupled rods will be
under the control of the brakesman, who by means of a hand lever or
otherwise will be enabled to rock them all simultaneously.
On one or more axles of each carriage a disc may be secured, so shaped
as to allow of a sliding plate or other instrument interlocking therewith,
or one of the wheels may be adapted to perform the office of the disc.
-
This locking instrument may be mounted loosely on the axle and so
fitted as to allow of its being slidden into and out of action (like a clutch
box), by means of the fingers on the rock shaft. This locking instrument
when locked would run round with its disc but for its elastic connection
with some fixed point on the carriage. By making this connection
elastic the too sudden arrest of the rotation of the locked disc will be
avoided, the elastic connection of the locking instrument yielding some-
what to the strain put upon it until by its increasing tension, the rotary
action of the wheels is overcome. The wheels will then skid upon the
rails until the, train is brought up. The brakes being then thrown
out of action the locking instruments. will return, to their quiescent
position.
IMPROVED STUDS FOR SHARPENING HORSE-SHOES FOR FROSTY OR SLIPPERY ROADS, LIKEWISE APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1872.
I, JOHN LEWIS, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
3 and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED STUDS FOR SHARPENING HORSE-SHOES FOR FROSTY OR SLIPPERY
ROADS, LIKEWISE APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved shaped stud for horse-shoes,
which are likewise applicable to boots and shoes.
This Invention has reference to, and is an improvement upon an
Invention for which Provisional Protection was obtained by Isaac
Parkin and myself, on the 27th day of October 1871, for "Improved
Studs for Sharpening Horse-shoes for Frosty or Slippery Roads."
By altering the shape of the studs before mentioned I find that I can
use them in the tips of boots and shoes without in the least deteriorating
their value for horse-shoes.
I prepare the horse-shoes as in the before-mentioned Patent by drilling
mon ho dosised. likewise the time of boots

page_text: and shoes. I screw as many studs into them as may be desired, which
I make of a star shape on the face, which divisions of such shape I carry
to the shoulder or up to the threaded part going into the shoe or tip.
In the centre of this star I form a centre, projecting to the face of the
outer wings of such star, but immediately round such centre I deflect,
leaving the outer points and centre prominent, and taking such deflected
parts down, forming after worn some time a chisel shaped star. Thus
the chisel shaped wings are formed as in the. before-mentioned Patent,
but very considerably sunk from the face. The face of these studs I
harden, but not the screw. These studs I make of iron or steel (cast or
wrought):
The number of wings in such studs will be from three upward, as the
nature of the work they have to do
aquira
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUSKS OR FASTENINGS FOR STAYS OR CORSETS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hammond at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th September 1872.
I, WILLIAM HENRY HAMMOND, of High Street, Peckham, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUSKS OR FASTENINGS FOR STAYS
OR CORSETS," to be as follows:
-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
busks or fastenings for stays or corsets, and relates to the employment of
means whereby greater support is afforded to the body of the wearer,
whilst increased facility of adjustment is obtained, and a smooth face is
obtained on the front as well as on the back of the two parts of the busk
or fastening.
For this purpose I form or fix on one part of the busk or fastening
suitable eyes, openings, or sockets, and on the other part I fix hooks or
other suitable catches to pass into such eyes, openings, or sockets, such
hooks or catches, and the eyes, openings, or sockets being so placed that
when locked together the two parts of the busk or fastening shall lie

page_text: evenly the one over the other with the hooks or catches and eyes, open-
ings, or sockets between the two, thereby producing a flush or smooth
surface on the front as well as on the back of the busk or fastening,
whereby the injury resulting to the dress of the wearer from the pro-
jection from the busk of the studs or fastenings as heretofore in use is
obviated and greater support is afforded by the busk or fastening to the
body of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Schildberg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1872.
I, HERMANN SCHILDBERG, of Moorgate Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to give motion to velocipedes in a
manner which will require far less exertion than is now ordinarily
employed.
Instead of using the feet for propelling the vehicle I now propose to
apply the weight of the body of the rider to that purpose. I use by
preference a pair of front wheels and a trailing wheel, the latter for
steering, and one or both of the former for driving the vehicle.
On the axle of the front wheels I mount a frame which carries at its
upper part a fixed axle. On this axle is loosely mounted a spur wheel
which gears into a spur pinion keyed to the axle of the front wheels.
Pivotted to the spur wheel axle is a radius bar fitted with a saddle-shaped

page_text: seat, astride of which the rider of the vehicle sits as on horseback. The
feet of the rider rest on projections at the bottom of a cranked rock frame,
which has for its fulcrum the spur wheel axle, and which carries at its
upper end a handle; this rock frame is limited in its motions by parts of
the framing acting as stops thereto. The radius bar is fitted with a pawle
which takes into the teeth of the spur wheel, and serves when the rider
throws his weight on the seat to pull round the spur wheel a distance equal
to the arc through which it travels. The rock frame may be similarly
provided with a pawle or pawles for engaging with and operating upon
the spur wheel.
The trailing wheel is mounted in a forked stem which passes through
a socket in a trailing bar that is pivotted to the bottom of the frame
carrying the spur wheel; a steering handle is attached to the wheel
stem and brought forward near to the hand of the rider, and through
that means the vehicle is readily steered. The action of the apparatus
is as follows:— -The rider having seated himself on the saddle and placed
his feet upon the foot rests, he throws his weight upon his feet and allows
the radius bar to rise; this may be effected either by the pull of a
spring or by a lifting strap attached to the person of the rider; he then
rests his weight on the saddle, and the pawle of the radius arm having
engaged with the spur wheel, it will pull round that wheel to an extent
equal to the downward motion of the radius arm.
This rotary motion will be communicated through the spur pinion to
the front wheels, and thus a forward motion will be given to the vehicle;
the rider then will shift his weight from the radius bar to the rocking
frame, and an additional impetus will thereby be given to the driving
gear. A quick repetition of these motions of the rider will impart a
rapid motion to the vehicle, the speed of which may be readily main-
tained with little more fatigue to the rider than he would experience
on horseback.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hartley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
January 1872.
I, JOHN HARTLEY, of Colne Field, Colne, in the County of Lancaster,
Shuttle Tongue Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to the tongues or pikes of shuttles, and to an
appliance for securely holding the cop tube or spool thereon when the
said tongue or pike is in its place in the shuttle for weaving from, and
the shuttle in use. Heretofore various means have been adopted to
effect this purpose, but none have satisfactorily answered the desired
end or object.
Now my improvements consist in having the spring which is per-
manently fixed to the tongue or pike at the point or loose end (by
brazing or otherwise) to extend to and fit into a clip plate which fits
casy around the root or heel end of the tongue or pike, and leaving a
small space betwixt to allow for a short slide movement longitudinally

page_text: of the said tongue or pike. A V spring or single lap spring is intro-
duced in a vertical position into the shuttle behind the end of the pike
spring, and this clip plate, when the tongue or pike is placed in the
cavity of the shuttle, acts on the clip plate, pressing the said pike
spring and causing it to deflect or expand intermediately outward from
the tongue or pike, whereby when a cop, tube, or spool is placed in the
said tongue or pike it is held secure, and when the tongue or pike
is turned out of the cavity of the shuttle for change of cop, tube,
or spool, the V spring ceases to act upon and to deflect the other spring,
thus affording easy exchange thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING UPON METALLIC OF OTHER SURFACES BY TRANSFER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cates and William
Swindlehurst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd May 1872.
We, SAMUEL CATES and WILLIAM SWINDLEHURST, of Bedminster,
near Bristol, in the County of Somerset, Printers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING UPON METALLIC
OF OTHER SURFACES BY TRANSFER," to be as follows:-
•
•
According to our Invention we first take a sheet of ordinary paper and
coat one of its sides with starch, patent size, or glue, and when the coating
is dry the coating surface is again covered with a solution of
gum substi-
tute or gum arabic. The transfer paper thus prepared is printed on, com-
mencing preferably with the outline of the design. The colours or tints
of the design or device are then printed upon the paper according to the
ordinary modes of printing from stone or other body, which must be dry
before laying the paper on for printing each colour, which must also be
perfectly dry before the transfer takes place. The sheet thus printed
upon is laid upon the metal plate or other body to which the impression
has to be transferred after it has been cleaned with sawdust or bran to
remove the grease from the plates, if metal plates, such as tin plates,

page_text: are used. The body surface is then coated with a mixture of varnish and
turpentine and allowed to dry or nearly dry; the body is then placed on
a stone or other level surfaced material, and passed through a press
for the purpose of transferring. After the printing the paper is damped
or wetted with water until it begins to cockle to enable it to be removed,
when all the colours or tints of the design or device will be found to be
left upon the body; this is afterwards varnished or coated with a preser-
vative material, and in the case of printing upon metallic surfaces may
be baked or otherwise treated to prevent the varnish or the printing from
peeling off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT PART OF HARNESS CALLED THE PAD, TO EFFECT THE INSTANTANEOUS RELEASE OF THE HORSE WHEN FALLEN FROM ACCI- DENT
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Littlejohns at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1872.
I, STEPHEN LITTLEJOHNS, of 57, North Street, Edgeware Road,
Saddle and Harness Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT PART OF HARNESS CALLED THE PAD, TO
EFFECT THE INSTANTANEOUS RELEASE OF THE HORSE WHEN FALLEN FROM ACCI-
DENT," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the instantaneous release of the horse
from its harness when it has fallen down, and it consists in so making
the "pad" in sections that by merely turning the screw of one or both
of the " tearets," which ordinarily are screwed into the pad or gullet
plate, the pad separates into three pieces and the harness immediately
falls off. In the ordinary pad the gullet plate is in one piece, in mine it
is divided into sections and held together by the screws of the "tearets,"
which being unscrewed releases it, and the horse becomes free.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS AND OTHER REVERBERATORY FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Connal Stevenson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd March 1872.
**I, ARCHIBALD CONNAL STEVENSON, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Glass Bottle Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS AND OTHER
REVERBERATORY FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
1
This Invention has for its object to obtain the practical advantages
of what are known as "gas" furnaces without the inconveniences
and drawbacks connected with the reversing of the currents of air
and of the products of combustion as experienced in common existing
arrangements of such gas furnaces.
In one modification of the improved furnace as adapted for melting
glass there are two tanks of a narrow elongated form for the glass, and
these tanks form the bottoms of two reverberatory chambers placed end
to end, but with a central vertical gas flue and vertical air passages
between them. The gas flue rises directly up from the gas producing
furnace, which is constructed in a central position beneath the two

page_text: reverberatory chambers, and the gas flue diverges horizontally into the
two chambers at the top, the air necessary for the combustion in each
chamber entering the horizontal part of the flue by a vertical passage
between the inner end of the chamber and the vertical part of the gas
flue. The products of combustion or fire gases pass off from each rever-
beratory chamber by a series of flues at its outer end, and these flues
after descending a short distance are carried horizontally backwards and
forwards under the chamber, finally entering a chimney stalk at the
end. The air passages are also constructed under the chamber, and in
a manner to alternate with the fire gas flues, so that the air becomes
heated from passing in close proximity to the issuing fire gases.
The gas producing furnace may be of a common construction, being
supplied with fuel down an inclined plane leading into it at one
or both sides. The working doors are constructed along both sides of
each reverberatory chamber, the clongated narrow form admitting of
comparatively more men working simultaneously.
A single reverberatory chamber may be constructed in connection
with each gas producing furnace, but the arrangement with two such
chambers is more convenient when the capacity of two is required.
Instead of a tank being constructed for the glass in each rever-
beratory chamber there may be a number of melting pots, and when the
improvements are applied in constructing furnaces for puddling or
heating iron, or for other purposes, the reverberatory chamber will be
shaped or constructed accordingly in each case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAST METAL AND STEEL TIRED WHEELS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND INTURERE
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nathan Washburn, of the State of Massachusetts,
of the United States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CAST METAL AND STEEL TIRED WHEELS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Nathan Washburn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 28th February 1872, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NATHAN
WASHBURN, of the State of Massachusetts, of the United States of
America, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CAST METAL AND STEEL TIRED WHEELS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SUCH WHEELS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," and have

page_text: placed, is provided with a cap portion B, which is separable, and on its
top is furnished with an elevated reservoir or cup C, arranged at its
centre and having a series of inclined spouts or conduits D, D, leading
radially from it and opening out of it at or near its top or upper edge.
These conduits or channels lead into a series of sprues or holes or vertical
conduits e, e, e, opening into the matrix around it and close to the inner
circumference of the tire when placed in such matrix. The molten
metal is to be poured into the receiver O, from whence it will simul-
taneously be discharged through the several inclined conduits into the
circular range of sprues
and directly against the inner periphery of the
reinforce or tire, thereby ensuring a much better or more certain union
of the cast metal body and the steel tire than when poured into the
centre of the matrix

page_text: sprue holes, radial ducts, and central receiver, all arranged substantially
as herein-before described and as represented.
Fourth. A wheel consisting of a steel tire and also of a cast metal or
iron body cast into and against the tire while the latter may be in a
heated state, such as will cause the tire and the cast metal body to unite
or weld together.
NATHAN WASHBURN. (L.S.)
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shutt and Edgar
Brooks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th November 1872.
We, THOMAS SHUTT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Ironfounder, and EDGAR BROOKS, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an apparatus of the kind herein-after
described, which apparatus by being placed in the centre or in other
convenient part of a fire-grate reduces the size of that portion of the
grate in which the combustion of the fuel is effected, and at the same
time by its absorption of heat from the burning fuel and the radation
of the absorbed heat into the apartment, it effects a great reduction in
the quantity of fuel required to produce a given heating of the apart-
ment in which the grate is situated.
We construct by preference of cast iron or fire-clay a chamber having
a cylindrical, prismatic, or other figure. The said chamber when con-
structed of cast iron is made in two parts connected together so as to be

page_text: capable of opening and closing after the manner of a box with a hinged
lid. The said chamber is perforated on all sides with large perforations,
and is filled with fragments of limestone, chalk, pumice stone, or other
substance not injuriously affected by heat, and possessing good absorbing
and radiating power.
In using the apparatus it is placed in the middle or other convenient
part of the fire-grate. In consequence of the perforations described
there is a strong draught through the apparatus, and the radiating solid
contained in it becomes strongly heated and radiates its heat into the
room, Much of the heat which ordinarily passes away in the current of
hot air into the chimney is absorbed on the passage of the heated air
through the apparatus, and is utilized, and great economy of fuel
results.
When we construct the said apparatus of fire-clay we prefer to make
the opening by which it is charged with the absorbing and radiating
material at one end, but we do not limit ourselves to any particular form
of the said apparatus nor to any particular material.
Besides being applicable to fire-places in apartments our Invention
may also be applied to the economizing of fuel in fire-places and
furnaces generally.