IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS MEAND
Year: 1851

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to William Galloway and John
Galloway, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS," bearing
date at Westminster, the Eleventh day of March One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION entered pursuant
to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth years of the reign of His late
Majesty King William the Fourth, intituled "An Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent under
the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing
date at Westminster, the Eleventh day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-one, did grant unto the said William Galloway and John Galloway,
their exors, admors, and assigns, the sole privilege of making, using, exercising,
and vending their Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS,"
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the
Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad during the term of fourteen years
thence next ensuing: And whereas in pursuance of a proviso in the said
Letters Patent contained, the said William Galloway did, within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, cause

page_text: an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, particularly describing and
ascertaining the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, to be duly enrolled in the High Court of Chancery
And whereas since the enrollment of the said Specification, we have been
advised and ascertained that it is doubtful whether certain parts of the said
Invention claimed therein are of sufficient novelty and utility to render it
expedient to retain the same. And whereas we are desirous, for the better
protection of our rights in the said Letters Patent, to disclaim such parts of
the said Letters Patent and Specification.
NOW KNOW YE, that by and with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-
General, and for the reasons aforesaid, we, the said William Galloway and
John Galloway, do hereby disclaim the parts following of the said Speci-
fication, as the same appears in the print of the Specification, No. 13,552, as
issued under the direction of the Commissioners of Patents, that is to say:
"
The part on page 2 beginning with the words on line 14 "to a method,"
and ending with the words "boiler. Fifthly" on line 19; the part on page 3
beginning with the words on the line 8 "When the conical" and ending with
the word "tube" on line 11; the part beginning with the words on page 5,
line 24 "Sheet 4," and ending with the words "both furnaces with fuel" on
page 6, line 33; the part beginning with the words on page 7, line 32,
Figures 35," and ending with the words "the valve E" on page 10, line 10;
the part on page 10 beginning with the words on line 13 "the constructing,"
and ending with the words "Secondly" on line 18; the part beginning with the
word on page 10, line 25, "Fourthly," and ending with the words "herein-
before described" on page 11, line 10; the part on pago 11 beginning with
the word on line 21 "Fifteenthly," and ending with the words "or both" on
line 34. And we do disclaim such parts of the Drawings annexed to the said
Specification as are referred to and relate exclusively to the parts herein-
before disclaimed. And in order that the Specification as altered by striking
out the parts herein-before disclaimed may read correctly and consistently,
we do, with leave as aforesaid, amend the said Specification, by substituting
the word "Secondly" for the word "Thirdly," on page 10, line 22, and by
substituting the words "Thirdly,'
," "Fourthly," and "Fifthly," for the words
"Twelfthly," "Thirteenthly," "Fourteenthly," respectively on page 11, lines 11,
14, and 18 respectively; and we do declare that the Specification when
altered as aforesaid, will be as follows:-
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY. of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,

page_text: WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eleventh day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Galloway and John Galloway, our exors, adññors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the
said William Galloway and John Galloway, our exors, adññors, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said William Galloway and John Galloway, our
exors, admňors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time, and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES AND BOLLERS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that we, the said William Galloway and John Galloway, shall cause a parti-
cular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands, and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Galloway and John Galloway, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to the employment of various arrangements
of water tubes in boilers, such tubes being made conical or larger in diameter
at one end than at the other.
Secondly, to various improvements in the valves of engines, and the mode
of working the same, whereby the better entrance and exit of the steam are
obtained.
Sheet 1, Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed is a longitudinal
vertical section of one of our improved boilers; Figure 2 is a horizontal
section of the same; Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section through the lino

page_text: a, a, in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a similar section through the line b, b; and
Figure 5 is a section through the line c, c, in Figure 1. The same letters
refer to similar parts in each Figure. A is the shell of the boiler; B, B', and
C, C³, are the fire bars contained in two oval or flat-sided furnace flues. The
sides of these flues are stayed and prevented from collapsing by the bearers D,
which support the fire bars. The two furnace flues unite in one throat E,
which narrows up a little, and then expands into the long fire flue F, which
contains a number of conical water tubes G, G, G, formed with flanges at top
and bottom, and rivetted to the top and bottom of the flue. It will be seen
by the Figure 5, that the flue is made at top and bottom for the convenience
of fixing the flanges of the tubes; the corners are rounded to render them
better adapted for resisting pressure. The tubes G are so placed as to divide
and break up the flame, and a similar tube II is placed in the throat E; they
are made of wrought-iron plate bent up and rivetted or welded. These conical
water tubes are formed with a flange at each end, and the difference in tho
diameters of the two ends is such that the flange at the lower end will pass
through an aperture of the size of the tube at its upper end. By this means
the tubes can be introduced through the holes in the top of the flue, and the
top flange of the tube is thus above the flue and in the boiler, while the bottom
flange is in the flue. A tube may thus be introduced without disturbing the
other tubes. The taper form of the tubes is advantageous as admitting of a
more free escape for the steam than is the case with cylindrical tubes. The
tubes in the flue F may be all of the same size, as they may vary in size, and
we prefer to use tubes of smaller diameter placed closer together at the end
farthest from the furnace than those used at the end nearest to the furnace, as
shewn in the Drawing. By water tubes we means tubes containing water in
contradistinction to tubes which contain flame, and are sarrounded by water
which we call fire tubes, and which are commonly used in locomotive boilers.
The throat E is lined with fire-brick at the lower part, and the bridge I is also
of fire-brick. Under the back set of fire-bars B', C', in each furnace is a
pair of folding dampers J, J, which can be moved by rods K, K, so as to fold
up to the under surface of the bars, and check the ingress of air when required.
By throwing coal alternately on each of the two fires, and regulating the
ingress of air by the dampers J, the whole or the greater part of the smoke
may be consumed.
Sheet 2, Figure 6, is an end view, Figure 7 a transverse section, and
Figure 8 a longitudinal section of a boiler with conical water tubes, in which
the furnaces are external to the boiler, and the flame, after passing under the
boiler, returns through it by an oval or flattened flue containing the conical

page_text: Larc
water tubes. Figure 9 is a plan of the same, with the top of the shell
removed. The tubes may be all of the same size, or smaller at one end of the
flue than at the other, and we prefer to use smaller tubes placed nearer
together at that end of the flue which, in following the course of tho flame, is
furthest from the furnace, and which in this boiler is over the furnace. Tho
fire-bars B, C, which are here shewn in a single length, are provided with
folding dampers J, J, which check the passage of air through the back part of
the bars, and which are moved by means of the levers J¹ and rods K.
the fire-bars, and M the brick setting. The two furnaces B and C are divided
by a fire-brick wall. N is a cylindrical vessel placed beneath the boiler, with
which it is connected by the conical water tube H and the tube O. This
vessel serves as a sediment collector to receive the sediment deposited by the
water in the boiler. The water is caused to circulate through the sediment
collector by introducing the feed water through the pipe P into the tube O,
which is protected from the direct action of the flame by a shield of brick-
work. The tube H being exposed to the flame is thus kept hotter than the
tube O, and the water circulates in the direction of the arrows. Q is an
agitator capable of being turned on its axis by the handle R. S is a cock con-
nected with the sediment collector by a pipe. When it is wished to blow off
the sediment, the agitator Q is set in motion, and the cock S is opened, and a
sufficient quantity of water is allowed to blow out to carry with it tho
sediment.
"
Another form of boiler, with conical water tubes, is shewn in Figures 10,
11, 12, 13, and 14. Figure 10 is a side view with half of the shell removed;
Figure 11 is a plan, with the upper half of the shell removed; Figure 12 is a
front view, with the end of the shell removed; Figure 13 is a section through
the line d, d, in Figures 10 and 11; and Figure 14 is a section through the
line e, e, in the same Figures. In this boiler two furnaces are employed, as
in that shewn in Sheet 1. The flames unite in the throat E, in which arc
three vertical conical tubes H, and it then divides into the two cylindrical
flues F, each of which contains a series of conical water tubes G placed
diagonally, and inclined alternately in opposite directions. By this means a
large heating surface is obtained. The bridges T, T, at the back of the fires,
are made of fire-brick, and have one, two, or more projecting pieces of fire-
brick on the top, which serve to divide and break up the flames.
Sheet 3, Figures 15, 16, and 17 shew another form of boiler with conical
water tubes of a form more particularly adapted for a marine boiler; Figure 15
is a view of a pair of such boilers placed side by side, and working into the
same funnel U, one boiler being shewn in clevation and the other in section;

page_text: Figure 16 shews a sectional plan of the furnaces of one boiler, and a plan of
the upper tube plate and tubes of the other boiler; Figure 17 is a vertical
longitudinal section of one of the boilers. A is the shell; B, B, B, are the
furnaces; D, D, the bearers for the fire-bars, which also stay the sides of the
furnaces; T, the bridges; V, the up-take; F, the tube chamber; G, G, G,
the conical water tubes; W, the smoke-box and flue leading to the funnel U;
X, X, X, the doors of the smoke-box giving access to the tubes; Y, is a
door under the bridge for removing ashes and dirt from behind the bridge.
By thus arranging conical water tubes in a series of rows, in a return flue
a large amount of heating surface is obtained in a small space and advan-
tageously disposed for the generation of steam. Figures 18, 19, and 20, re-
present a pair of boilers of a stronger form and adapted for generating high-
pressure steam for marine or other purposes; Figure 18 is a transverso
section; Figure 19 is a sectional plan shewing the furnaces B, B, of one
boiler, and the upper tube plate forming the top of a flue or tube chamber
F, which is flat at top and bottom, and curved at the sides for the pur-
pose of resisting the pressure; Figure 20 is a longitudinal section of one of
the boilers; A is the shell; B, B, the cylindrical furnace flues with their firo
bars; D, D, are the bearers; T, the bridges; V, the up-take; F, the tube
chamber; G, G, the conical water tubes; W, the smoke box and flue leading
into the funnel U; Z is a steam chamber into which the steam is admitted from
the boilers by the pipes Z'. Small pipes from the lower part of this chamber
convey back into the boilers any water which may be carried over with the
steam.
Sheet 4, Figures 21, 22, and 23, shew another form of boiler suitable for
marine or other purposes; Figure 21 is a transverse section; Figure 22 is a
longitudinal section; and Figure 23 is a sectional plan. A is the shell;
B, C, the furnaces; F, the flue or tube chamber; G, G, the conical
water tubes arranged in a series of parallel rows in the tube chambers; V is
the up-take leading to the funnel. The flames from both furnaces unite and
pass into the tube chamber F, where the heat is taken up by the conical
water tubes, and the products of combustion then pass up the up-take V to
the funnel. By this arrangement a large extent of heating surface is advan-
tageously disposed in a boiler of small height.
Our improvements in steam-engines relate to the valves and passages by
which steam enters and escapes from the cylinder.
Sheet 6, Figures 31, 32, 33, and 34, shew a steam-engine cylinder with
one of our improved arrangements of valves adapted to it; Figure 31 is a
vertical section through the steam passages and valve boxes; Figure 32 is a

page_text: vertical section through the cylinder and the centre of the slide boxes;
Figure 33 is a horizontal section of the same; and Figure 34 is an enlarged
view of the face of the slide. B is the cylinder; C, the piston; D, the passage
to the top of the cylinder, spreading out into the two ports A, A; Dis
the
passage to the bottom of the cylinder spreading into the two ports A¹, A¹;
E, E, are the slide valves of the D form, and packed at the back with hemp
or other packing F, F'; G is the slide rod by which both slides are moved.
This rod receives its motion from an eccentric or cam in the ordinary
manner. It passes through a stuffing box at J, J; H, I, are three pillars.
cast hollow. The central one H is connected to the steam pipe K, and serves
to conduct the steam to both ends of the cylinder. The two external
columns I, I, serve as the exhaust passages to convey the steam from the top
of the cylinder to the exhaust pipe L; M is the throttle valve placed between
the pipe K and the column H. The pipe K may be cast in one piece with
the cylinder, or it may be separate, if preferred. The section, Figure 32, shews
the piston C as having just commenced its up-stroke, and the valve E' is
descending and opening the steam port. The edge of the valve being "van-
dyked" or formed with two or more V-shaped notches as shewn at a, a, a, in
Figure 4, the consequence is that the steam is admitted gradually, which
causes the engine to turn the centre easily at each end of its stroke. The
valve descends sufficiently to open the upper port A', while the lower one
remains closed. When the piston has completed its stroke, the steam port
will be closed, and the valve D' in rising will open both the ports A¹, A¹, by
the spaces b and c, Figure 34, coming opposite to them. The upper valve E
is of a similar form, but inverted so that the vandyked edge may still be on
the steam side of the valve. By this arrangement of valve a gradual opening
and closing of the steam ports and a rapid opening and closing of the eduction
ports is effected, and a free passage for the exhaust steam from the top of
the cylinder is afforded by both columns I, I, being devoted to that purpose.
The position of the throttle valve M, gives it complete control over the
engine, from the quantity of steam contained between it and the slide valves
being comparatively small.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that what we claim is,-
Firstly, the constructing boilers with flues or chambers containing conical
water tubes with flanges at their ends, and of such form that the flange of the
lower end may pass through the hole which receives the upper end of the tube,
as herein-before described.
Secondly, the constructing boilers with flues or chambers containing conical

page_text: water tubes, with flanges at their ends, so placed that the one flange is within
and the other without the flue or chamber, as hercin-before described.
Thirdly, the constructing the slide valves with a "vandyked" edge, or an
edge furnished with two or more angular notches, for the purpose of admitting
the steam gradually, as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the constructing the slide valves of steam engines and the faces
whereon they work, with two or more passages for the escape of the waste
steam, so as to afford a large area of opening by a small motion of the valve,
as herein-before described.
"
Fifthly, the constructing the slide valves of steam engines with a
dyked" edge for the admission of steam, and double passages for the escape of
the steam in the same valve, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Galloway, have hercunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
IAM (L.S.) GALLOV
And we, the said William Galloway and John Galloway, do hereby declare
that this Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration is not such Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration as will extend the exclusive right granted by
the said Letters Patent.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Galloway and John Galloway,
have hereunto set our hands and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Signed, sealed, and acknowledged by
the above-named William Galloway
and John Galloway, on the day of
the date hereof, in the presence
WILLIAM GALLOWAY. (L.S.)
JOHN GALLOWAY.
(L.S.)

page_text: which Letters Patent were duly granted to them under the Great Seal of
Great Britain, dated at Westminster, the Eleventh day of March One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one, and the Specification to which was duly enrolled
on the Eleventh day of September One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
And on considering the said application, I directed them to advertise their
said Disclaimer and Alteration in the London Gazette, and in the Times, the
Daily News, and the Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertizer.
And such advertisement have been duly made, namely, in the Daily News
newspaper, on the Twenty-first day of March, and in the London Gazette and the
Times newspaper, on the Twenty-second day of March; and in the Manchester
Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, on the Twenty-sixth day of March
last, and no objection having been made to the said, application, I have
accordingly granted leave to the said William Galloway and John Galloway,
to file their said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration, pursuant to the
Statutes in such case made and provided.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of April in the year
of our Lord 1859, the aforesaid William Galloway and John Galloway came
before our said Lady. the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Disclaimer aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.