matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW ROTATIVE MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Couprant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1864.
I, the undersigned, EDMOND COUPRANT, of Rue de l'Orillon, No. 28, in the
City of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer and Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW ROTATIVE MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new rotative motive power applicable to driving
machinery of every description, as well as locomotives and paddle wheels or
screw propellers.
I propose to erect standards on a bed plate or foundation in order to
support in bearings the axle of a driving wheel, on the circumference of
which at equidistant points four small grooved pulley wheels are set, the
peripheries of which project beyond that of the driving wheel. The surface
of the foundation of the machine is made of the form of an arc of a
circle taken from the centre of the driving wheel, so as to leave room for
the rotation of the four grooved pullies. Between the pullies and foundation
a flexible but non-elastic tube of fibrous or other suitable steam and water-
tight nature is placed, having flanged metal terminations at each end; and
communications are established at each end with a steam boiler, and
with an exhaust or condenser, so that by allowing steam to enter the tube at
either end, its pressure will force open or fill the tube and drive the grooved
pullies forward and round in regular succession, and thus carry the main

page_text: wheel and axle with them, and by this means drive machinery or paddle wheel
Of course,
and propeller shafts by ordinary gearing used for such purposes.
the direction of the rotation depends upon the traverse of the steam through
the tube; by reversing the passage of the steam through the tube, the pressure
on the grooved wheels is reversed, and consequently the driving wheel and
shaft are also reversed.
The machine may be worked by hydrostatic power where a sufficiently
elevated reservoir of water is conveniently situated for obtaining pressure.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND SHAPING ARTICLES OF IRON, WHICH IS MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO FORGING BOLTS, NUTS, AND RIVETS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1864.
EDWARD DAVIES, of Chowbent; in the County of Lancaster, Screw Bolt
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND SHAPING ARTICLES OF
IRON, WHICH IS MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO FORGING BOLTS, NUTS, AND
RIVETS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a novel arrangement and application of "tilt
hammer." to be employed for "swaging" and hammering numerous descriptions
of small work where rapid and numerous blows are required, such as bolts,
nuts, rivets, and spindles for example. The improvements consist in the
employment of a series of revolving cams or tappets to lift the hammer shaft
lever at a point near its fulcrum, the quick descent or rapid stroke of the
hammer being obtained by means of a strong spring, which is constantly
drawing the hammer down, the weight or strength of the blow being regulated
by an adjustable rod, bar, or stop, which comes beneath the shaft and prevents
the hammer from descending too far.
The chief feature of the Invention is the construction of a rapidly acting tilt
hammer for small work to imitate the action of "hand striking," and in con-
tradistinction to the use of the ordinary slow heavy "tilt hammer
for heavy work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACE BARS OR GRATINGS, AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SLAG FROM FURNACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gothard and Herbert
Garland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th August 1864.
We, JAMES GOTHARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, and HERBERT GARLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Designer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACE BARS OR GRATINGS, AND OTHER
APPARATUS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SLAG FROM FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain arrangements whereby the slag formed
during the process of combustion in furnaces is readily removed, and the
furnace bars or gratings are preserved from the unequal wear and destruction
to which they are ordinarily subjected.
The furnace bars constructed in accordance with this Invention are formed
with a number of longitudinal slots or openings therein, a series of such bars
being placed in a frame so as to allow of each bar being rotated when
necessary. The slag formed during combustion falls in a molten state upon
the fire-bars and slides down the sides thereof, a free current of air through
the body of fuel under combustion being thus obtained, while the heat pro-
ceeding therefrom is equalised. When a bar is partly destroyed on one or
more sides thereof, rotation is communicated to it until another side is upper-
most, thus preventing the necessity for the substitution of an entirely new bar
until the other sides have been burnt off. In order to facilitate the removal
of the slag from the fire-grating, the following arrangement is employed :-A

page_text: bar or tube of iron or other material suitable for such purpose, and having a
number of blades or cutters projecting from its surface, is connected with the
furnace or furnace grating, and a sliding motion being imparted thereto by
any of the known means, the edges of the blades or cutters are brought into
contact with the heated slag, and passing through the longitudinal slots or
openings in the furnace bars the slag is caused to fall through the grating
into the fire-pit beneath.
AN IMPROVED REVOLVER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Isaiah Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, 'on the 12th October
1864. A communication from abroad by Ambrogio Micheloni, of Milan,
in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, ISAIAH WILLIAMS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mer-
chant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
REVOLVER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine in a single weapon a sabre with
a revolver; this is effected by affixing a sabre blade to the barrel of a revolver,
so that it may be parallel with it, but projecting of course to any required
distance beyond the muzzle. By preference the blade is placed on the left-
hand side of the barrel, but this is unimportant. The handle of the combined
piece, instead of being an ordinary pistol stock, consists of a sabre hilt; inside
the guard is the trigger of the revolver.
To illustrate my Invention I have annexed a Drawing thereof, which I now
proceed to describe.
A is the hilt of the improved revolver; B, a guard attached thereto, the
end part of which C forms the plate against which revolve the chambers D of
the pistol. Two projections E, E, are provided for the purpose of carrying

page_text: the plate F, which is attached to them by the screws G; to this plate are
affixed the pistol barrel H and the sabre blade K, both parallel to each other,
but the blade projecting beyond the muzzle of the barrel. The blade is
shewn broken off, and may of course be made of any required length. L is
the trigger of the pistol.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HOISTING MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Balmforth and Francis
Robson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th January 1864.
We, WILLIAM BALMFORTH, Mechanical Engineer, and FRANCIS ROBSON, Stone
Merchant, both of Calverley, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HOISTING
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the economizing of labour in the hoisting
of material, having special reference to such operations in connection with
stone quarries, and consists in the combination of an engine, by preference
affixed to a boiler so constructed as to require the minimum of foundation with
a crab or hoist placed on the top of the boiler (when the same is horizontal);
and worked by suitable gearing from the engine, and also with a second crab
or hoist placed by preference on one side of the boiler and engine, and
also worked by suitable gearing from the steam engine, the whole apparatus
being in one compact frame.
The boiler may be an ordinary cylindrical one, but we prefer to apply the-
heat underneath an iron framing lined with fire-bricks, and extending from
one end to the other of the boiler forming the furnace and flue, the smoke
being conveyed away by means of an ordinary chimney placed in connection
with the end of the flue.
The iron casing just referred to extends to the ground, and notches being
cut in each side, stones are placed within, which bear the weight of the engine

page_text: and boiler in great measure, the remainder of the weight being borne by the
iron casing, which may thus rest on a very light foundation. An ordinary
foundation supports the second-mentioned crane.
We have thus a compact and combined engine and cranes which may
readily be removed from one quarry to another, and which are capable of
hoisting stone or other material from the bottom of a quarry or pit, and at the
same time of hoisting or lifting the stone or other material from the top of the
quarry or pit into the wagons, thus dispensing with the tedious and costly
operation of horse gins or hand. cranes in common use..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REAPING AND MOWING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Anthony Hunter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
September 1864.
I, WILLIAM ANTHONY HUNTER, of Scarfoot, Plumton, near Penrith, in the
County of Cumberland, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REAPING AND MOWING," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved combination of machinery for giving
the requisite lateral to-and-fro motion to the cutters of reaping and mowing
machines. The cutters are fixed as usual to a horizontal bar working in
guides; to this bar are fixed studs supporting two antifriction bowls, between
which the outer circumference of a diagonal disc enters; this disc is fixed on
the driving or other shaft of the machine, and in revolving gives the requisite
lateral to-and-fro motion to the cutter bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gaukroger and Albert
Gaukroger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th November 1864.
We, JOHN GAUKROGER, of Hebden Bridge, in the County of York, Cotton
Spinner and Manufacturer, and ALBERT GAUKROGER, of Hawksclough, near
Hebden Bridge, in the aforesaid County, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the letting off or weighting motion in looms for
weaving, and the improvements consist in constructing, arranging, and
applying self-acting mechanism or apparatus for reducing the weight or
pressure upon the warp beam, gradually and in proportion as the warp is
taken off or unwound therefrom during the progress of the weaving.
For this purpose we employ spring pressure to the weighting levers, the
pressure being adjustable by a screw pin, and we apply one or more cams or
tappets either to one of the flanges or the ruffles or other convenient part of
the beam in such manner that as the beam rotates the said cam or cams or
tappets will operate a lever and rod connected to a catch which takes into and
gives intermittent motion to a ratchet wheel the boss of which forms a nut or
is screwed and mounted on the screw pin which is fixed to the spring of the
weighting levers, the turning of which nut on the screw relaxes the pressure
on the spring. Or these cams or tappets may operate a rack rod to which a
lever or combination of levers may be attached and connected by a rod to the

page_text: said spring in such manner that the action thereof will gradually relax or take
off the pressure therefrom as the beam rotates.
By means of this Invention we are enabled to adjust and regulate the
pressure on the beam, and thereby render the tension on the warp uniform at
all times during the progress of the weaving.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FASTENINGS POR BELT CLASPS, BRACELETS, AND NECKLETS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Orlando Winkles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1864.
I, JAMES ORLANDO WINKLES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Goldsmith and Silversmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FASTENINGS
POR BELT CLASPS, BRACELETS, AND NECKLETS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER ARTICLES,"
to be as follows (that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to provide a secure fastening for belts and
any other articles of the like nature where two ends are required to be joined,
and when attached to be held in contact securely. It is found, by the
common method of providing merely a projection on either side of the inside
plate of the clasp, into which projections the hooks attached to the band or
other material take, that the ends frequently become disengaged. Now, by
my Invention, I propose to substitute for the said projections on the back of
the clasp a metal spring, manufactured in such a manner that upon being
pressed from the outside it may open and admit the hooks, but the hooks
being once within the spring closes, and the hooks are held securely therein.
I proceed in the manufacture of my improved fastening a follows:-The disc
of metal which is to form the plate being provided, I proceed to manufacture
the spring by taking German silver or other metal, and having passed the
same through rolls, pieces of a suitable size and shape are cut out by a press

page_text: in the usual manner. The
The spring is then attached to the disc either by
soldering or rivetting, and it is afterwards bent up into proper form by means
of a pair of pliers or other apparatus, hooks are then introduced, and the
fastening is complete.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAY TRAINS BETWEEN PAS- SENGERS AND GUARD AND GUARD AND ENGINE DRIVER OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1864.
I, THOMAS MORGAN, of No. 9, North-Road, New Cross, in the County of
Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAY TRAINS BETWEEN PAS-
SENGERS AND GUARD AND GUARD AND ENGINE DRIVER OR OTHERWISE," to be as
follows:-
I use a speaking or sound tube which by the arrangements herein-after
described I adapt for the purpose of communication on railways, that is, such
tube or a number of such tubes coupled together should run throughout the
whole length of a train either under the body or at the sides or tops of the
carriages, or in such other position as may be deemed convenient. These
tubes to be made of any available material, as, for instance, iron, tin, brass,
composition, or wood, gutta percha, india-rubber, or compressed paper. Such
tubes should be of the same length as each carriage, and have mouth-piece
tubing provided for each compartment. The various lengths of sound tube
should be coupled together by securing to their ends india-rubber or flexible
tubing provided with brass or other screw fittings or other couplings in order
than when carriages are to be connected or disconnetced the same may be
readily effected. The mouth-piece tubing may be down, vertical, or hori
zontal pipes, according to the convenience or suitability of the carriages, with
mouth-piece to each compartment and a stop-piece with a one-screw-thread
or plug. The mouth-pieces to be made of any kind of metal, wood, leather,

page_text: or composition, and the down pipes of iron, tin, brass, composition, or any
metallic or other substance to be affixed perfectly air-tight to the main tube
and to the mouth-piece. The mouth-piece into the guard's compartment,
whether at the front, middle, or end of the train to have a whistle or sounding
instrument, which should be of the shrillest description, to give notice; and in
case the whistle should not be attached, the party speaking through the tube
will be most distinctly heard, the mouth-piece being placed in the guard's
carriage or compartment close to his car; and to the engine driver an india-
rubber tube will be attachod to the end of the carriage, and pass over the
shield between the two glasses thereof, or to the placo which the engine driver
considers the most eligible to be fitted with the whistle, as before described.
Under the mouth-piece there should be placed an easily readable statement of
the number of the carriage or compartment, and notice of the intention and
use of the apparatus, and beneath this the railway company can affix a
statement of the amount of fines or penalties for misusing this apparatus; any
kind of available arrangement for sounding alarm may, however, be adopted
in these tube arrangements.
IMPROVED BREECH- LOADING CANNONS OR GUNS, AND IMPROVED PROJECTILES ADAPTED TO BE USED THERE- WITH, BUT CAPABLE OF BEING USED WITH OTHER CANNONS OR GUNS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Hutchins, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st March 1864.
I, HENRY EDWARD HUTCHINS, of Gilston, in the County of Hertford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED BREECH-
LOADING CANNONS OR GUNS, AND IMPROVED PROJECTILES ADAPTED TO BE USED THERE-
WITH, BUT CAPABLE OF BEING USED WITH OTHER CANNONS OR GUNS," to be as
follows:-
I construct breech-loading guns or cannons so that the breech piece can
be made in one solid piece and of great strength, such breech piece being,
as I now prefer,. a little wedge-shaped, making the breech perfectly gas-
tight. This breech piece is drawn out on a slide guide, (horizontally or nearly
so,) avoiding lifting out, which is commonly required in breech-loaders already
before the public. The slide has a hinge close up to the breech, so that when
the breech piece is drawn up quite tight by a screw (working through a screw
socket plate secured to the breech or gun) the slide lifts up and fastens on the
top with a pin so that the vent piece has to be screwed up tight, as if not the
slide cannot be fastened up into its proper place. The projectile has an ex-
pansive ring made of copper or other metal. The ring fits quite into a groove
made round the projectile near the end, and there are small holes made in the
end of the projectile communicating with the groove and ring, so that when
the gas presses against the inside of the ring it makes all quite gas-tight. The
projectile 'I now prefer to make with six sides extending a very short way on

page_text: the side of the same, and it is made to fit three plain shallow grooves in my
⚫ breech-loading gun, (though it may be made to fit other guns otherwise rifled.
I do not, however, confine the gun to the use of this kind of projectile only, as
it can fire a plain elongated projectile.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING,
illustrating the character of the improved breech-loading guns.
Fig. 1, gun with vent piece closed and slide let down; Fig. 2, cross section
shewing vent piece screwed up tight and the slide lifted up and fastened; Fig. 3,
view shewing vent piece drawn out on the slide, also shewing the screw
which draws the vent piece up tight; B, vent piece closed; C, slide guide;
D, screw; E, holdfast for the screw; F, two washers to keep the screw
fast; G, small stud on vent piece to keep it from slipping off; H, hinge;
I, another hinge; J, small pin; K, handle to turn screw up with; L, screw hole
in vent piece; M, the bore of the gun; N, holdfast for screw to raise and
lower the gun with.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COVERING ELASTIC AND OTHER STRANDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Miles Simpson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1864.
I, MILES SIMPSON, of Danebridge, Wincle, near Macclesfield, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR COVERING ELASTIC AND OTHER STRANDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to cover elastic and other strands with silk
or other fibres in a rapid and economical manner. To this end I employ a
hollow spindle, through which I pass the strand or strands to be covered, and
I lead up the strand to a pair of draft rollers, which deliver it to a bobbin or
reel that is intended to receive the covered strand. The bobbin which carries
the covering thread or fibres I place upon the hollow spindle, and over the
bobbin and bearing upon it I place a loose flyer; this flyer is provided with
a pendent eye for taking off the covering thread from the bobbin, and a twisel
that stands immediately above the top of the spindle, and concentric therewith.
The strand passes freely up to the draft rollers in the line of the axis of the
bobbin, and through the twisel of the flyer, and is unaffected by, nor does it
interfere with the rotation of the spindle. The hollow spindles admit therefore
of being mounted as closely and driven at about the same rate as the spindles
of a throstle frame, and thus the covering of strands may be most speedily and
economically effected. By my Invention I am not only enabled to cover
elastic threads, which operation bears a high manufacturing charge, but also

page_text: to cover cotton or other cheap strands with a more costly fibre. I can there-
fore at a comparatively small cost produce what will have the appearance of
silk cord, or worsted cord, using only the more costly fibres as the covering
material,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Esplin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1864.
I, CHARLES ESPLIN, of No. 32, Tyer Street, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for regulating
the supply of gas. In order more readily to regulate the flow of gas coming
from a gas main to a building or other place where several burners are
employed on the same supply, and.where such burners are more or less distant
from each other and from the supply pipe from the main apparatus, is applied
in the following manner :-On the supply pipe coming from the main there is
a diaphragm valve or cock, at the back of the cover of this diaphragm is
applied the end of a small tube. The other end of such tube may be in any
desired position in the building or place, and more or less distant from the
supply pipe, depending on the locality where it may be wished to have the
power of regulating the whole supply of gas without having to go to the cock
or valve above mentioned, which is on the supply pipe. In such more or less
distant locality the other end of the small pipe is fixed to a vessel, which is
divided by a diaphragm of larger diameter than that of the valve or cock
before mentioned. The small tube is to be full of air, or it may be other fluid.
The regulation of the supply of gas is effected by causing the air or other
fluid contained in the small tube to be pressed on by the regulating dia-

page_text: will
phragm, acted on by means of a screw or other instrument, by which the fluid
press on the diaphragm in the cock or valve on the supply pipe, and thus
the passage for the gas from the main to the supply pipe will be reduced in
dimensions, and the flow of gas will be lessened, the reverse action will follow
the moving back of the regulating diaphragm, as the passage for the flow of
gas through the cock or valve on the supply pipe will then be enlarged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND WINDING TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March 1864.
I, WILLIAM Cox, of Lochee, Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Jute and Flax Spinner and Power Loom Linen Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND WINDING TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the system or mode of
actuating the spindles of roving, spinning, twisting, and winding machines, in
which the spindles are arranged on both sides of the frame as usual, and
consists in applying longitudinal shafts on each side of the spindles, these
shafts having fixed or keyed to them friction wheels, pulleys, or discs, which
by frictional contact actuate an intermediate friction pulley or disc. Each of
these also being in contact with the under surface of a friction disc on the
spindle actuates or imparts rotatory motion to it, a sufficient amount of friction
being produced between the disc on the spindle and the wheel or pulley on
the intermediate friction pulley by the weight of the spindle, and for the
purpose of stopping the spindle there is provided a latch or lever, by which
the spindle is slightly elevated, and thus the contact between the friction:
wheels or pulleys is broken. The main object of driving the spindle on both

page_text: sides is the balancing the spindle and diminishing the frictional action upon
the bushes. The herein-before described arrangements are specially applicable
to all the processes of roving, spinning, twisting, and winding yarns, threads,
and textile materials.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR MAKING ADDITIONS AND MULTIPLICATIONS OF NUMBERS AND QUANTITIES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1864.-A communication from Ernest François Regnault
and Eugène Auguste Lambert, Civil Engineers, residing at Rue Saint
Lazare, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW APPARATUS
FOR MAKING ADDITIONS AND MULTIPLICATIONS OF NUMBERS AND QUANTITIES,"
communicated to me by Ernest François Regnault and Eugène Auguste
Lambert, Civil Engineers, persons residing at Rue Saint Lazare, Paris, in
the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This apparatus is intended for making additions and multiplications. It is
worked by keys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, representing the nine unit numbers,
and acting by means of the levers A, A¹, and a catch H on a wheel B, round
which teeth to the number of one hundred are cut, thus either of these keys
being pressed down a corresponding number of teeth are pushed round and
marked by the hands. A dial plate C, on which two concentric circles of
figures are marked, indicates by the motion of two needles D, E, mounted
on the arbor of the wheel B, one of which D points the units and tens, and
the other E the hundreds, the sum total of the addition or multiplication

page_text: made. A side lever F when raised holds two catches, one of which G pre-
vents the hundred toothed wheel B from returning after each impulse given
to it, and the other H above mentioned turns the wheel B away from this
wheel, and consequently allows the latter, which turns against a spring I, to
return on itself and the hands to mark 0 while gearing a pinion K with the
large wheel B, on the arbor of which pinion is fixed a fly wheel L, thereby
preventing the danger of breaking which might result from too rapid
unwinding. The lever F being lowered and the catches thus replaced the
addition or multiplication may be recommenced. The annexed Drawing is a
front elevation of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Poole and Joseph
Astbury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th May 1864.
We, JOHN HENRY POOLE, of the Trench Iron Company, near Wellington,
in the County of Salop, and JOSEPH ASTBURY, of, Hadley, near Wellington,
aforesaid, Manager of Bar Iron Works, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements in puddling furnaces herein-
after described, the object of the said improvements being to facilitate the
puddling of iron, and to diminish the manual labour required in the puddling
process.
In making puddling furnaces, according to our Invention, we make the
reverberatory chamber of the furnace, or that part in which the iron is puddled,
separate from the fire-place, the said chamber being capable of performing
rotatory motion on a horizontal axis. The said chamber is however closely
connected with the fire-place.
We make the reverberatory chamber nearly of the figure of a hollow
cylinder open at both ends. We prefer to make it about six feet long and
of about four feet internal diameter. We make the said chamber of fire-
brick or other suitable material. We bind the chamber with hoops of T iron,
stay rods passing through the hoops to bind them together, and secure them
to plates fixed at the ends of the cylindrical chamber. The said stay rods

page_text: pass through holes in the end plates, and by means of screw nuts on the
screwed ends of the stay rods the reverberatory chamber is supported and
strengthened. The end plates have hollow arms cast in one piece with them,
and on each arm is screwed a V-shaped flange. One or both of the said flanges
having a toothed wheel on them. The chamber is supported by each of the
V-shaped flanges resting on antifriction rollers, and a rotary motion is given
to the chamber through the toothed wheel or wheels. One end of the rotating
chamber is connected with the fire-place, and the other end with the flue
which connects the furnace with the draught. The door way containing the
work hole through which the puddler inserts the puddling tool is placed at
that end of the furnace furthest from the fire-place, the door and door frame
forming part of the flue.
In using the furnace the iron may either be introduced into the rever-
beratory chamber in a solid or melted state. We prefer to melt it before intro-
ducing it into the said chamber. As soon as the melted iron is introduced,
or as soon as the solid iron is melted, when solid iron is employed, the rever-
beratory chamber is made to rotate. The rotatory motion of the said chamber
mixes or puddles the iron more effectually than it could be puddled by
manual labour, and prepares it for balling without any aid from the puddler.
The puddled iron produced is of good and uniform quality and much coal,
time, and labour are saved..
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CAPES, PALETOTS, OVERCOATS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE GARMENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Emary at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October 1864.
I, JOHN EMARY, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Tailor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO CAPES, PALETOTS, OVERCOATS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE GARMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to capes, paletots,
overcoats, and other such like garments, and consists in attaching inside the
garment, and below the collar or neck, a supplementary band or strap of
similar fabric to the garment, or of leather, silk, or other convenient fabric.
This band or strap is provided at the extremities with a button and button-
hole or other fastening, and is for the purpose of securing the garment to the
body of the wearer when the ordinary fastenings are detached, with a view of
allowing the garment to fall back behind the shoulders so as merely to cover
or be suspended from the back of the wearer, thus avoiding the necessity of
entirely removing the garment and carrying the same on the arm when
the temperature requires only a partial covering, or if during exercise the
wearer finds a close garment unnecessarily warm. About midway between.
the attachment and the extremities of the band or strap a button-hole is
formed on such band, and corresponding buttons are sewn to the interior of
the collar piece of the garment in order to limit the extent to which the
garment may fall open or back.

page_text: e Invention is also applicable to capes, mantles, cloaks, and other such
ake outward garments for ladies' wear. The collars of the garments may be
extended at one end for the purpose of forming a-tab or tongue piece to lap
over and fasten to the opposite end of the collar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wanklyn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1864.
I, WILLIAM WANKLYN, of the Albion Mills, Bury, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GINNING COTTON," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in giving motion to the vibrating blade of the
ordinary Macarthy gin, or other gin in which a vibrating blade is or may
be employed by means of a cam with two or more elevators and depressors,
the said cam being connected to the vibrating blade by a lever, or in any
other convenient manner.
Secondly, in the application of a packing of india-rubber or other suitable
yielding or elastic substance between the back of the doctor or thin blade of
metal bearing on the grooved roller and the holders by which the doctor is
pressed against or held in contact with the roller.
And, thirdly, in the application of a block of india-rubber, or other suitable
elastic or yielding substance between the radius rods and the back rail, or
between the vibrating blade and the radius rods, or other agents, by which the
vibrating blade is actuated.
OR IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM HAMMERS SPECIALLY USEFUL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN FOIL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Butler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1864.
I, DANIEL BUTLER, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Tin Foil
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM HAMMERS
SPECIALLY USEFUL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN FOIL," to be as follows:-
The object and purport of this Invention is to give to steam hammers the
power to move backwards or forwards, or so as to strike in a fresh place at
each blow. And the means by which, as I now prefer, to carry the Invention
into effect are as follows:-On the piston rod of the steam hammer I have
an upper and a lower stud, which are for the purpose of acting upon the end of
a tappet lever, the other end of which is secured to an upright lever, the
lower end of this latter having a lever secured thereto at right angles, itself
secured to a pall that takes into a ratchet wheel, which is attached to a
toothed wheel, the teeth whereof gear with the teeth of a wheel secured on
one of the travelling wheels on which I have the machinery supported, such
wheels being flanged to travel on rails provided for them. By these arrange-
ments, after each blow of the hammer, the upward movement. of the piston
rod causes the machine and the hammer to move forward, so that the blow
of the hammer will fall in a fresh place each time of action. The hammer
tip is conical, and of such width as to cover the width of the work, and the
ends of this hammer tip work in guides. The above arrangements might

page_text: however be varied as regards the details thereof according to the character
of the work to be performed by the hammer. The steam connection with
the boiler must be by flexible or jointed tubing, or by pipes which will permit
of the movement of the mechanism as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRINGING AND TUNING PIANOFORTES AND OTHER STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRU- MENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Moody at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1864.
I, WILLIAM MOODY, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Pianoforte
Tuner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STRINGING AND TUNING PIANOFORTES AND OTHER STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRU-
MENTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in that
part of the mechanism of pianofortes by which the stringing and tuning are
effected, which said improvements are also applicable to other stringed musical
instruments, such, for example, as violins, violoncellos, double basses, guitars,.
and others.
I will describe my Invention as applied to an upright pianoforte. At the
top of the pianoforte and in front of the sounding board is a horizontal metal
rail or frame firmly attached to the framing of the instrument. In this rail
is a series of holes, the said holes being situated opposite the ends of the wires
or strings respectively. The ends of the strings or wires are attached to small.
square blocks of metal having stems, the ends of which stems pass through
the holes in the metal rail or frame. A screw thread is cut on each of the
said stems, and after the said stems have been passed through the holes in.
the rail or frame, screw nuts are screwed on the ends of the said stems, the
said screw nuts being of larger diameter than the holes in the rail or frame..
By turning in one or other direction the said screw nuts, the stems are drawn.

page_text: more or less through the holes in the rail or frame, and the blocks to which
the wires are fastened being drawn to a greater or less distance from the
bridge, the tension of the wires or strings is increased or diminished. The
wire is fastened to the block by being passed round the stem and twisted.
The face of the block has a groove in which the wire lies. The screw nuts
described are made of a long or tubular figure, their length being such that
the screwed ends of the stems when they are drawn into the said nuts to the
fullest extent do not protrude out of the tops of the said nuts. The top of
each tubular screw nut has a cross nick similar to that of an ordinary screw,
and by placing a key shaped like a screwdriver in the top of the screw nut
it may be turned and the wire tightened or slackened. By the use of the
mechanism described the instrument can be tuned with the greatest nicety
and ease, and it keeps in tune a long time in consequence of the mechanism
by which the wires are tightened being incapable of relaxing accidentally,
In applying my Invention to grand 'and horizontal pianofortes, and to
violins and other stringed musical instruments, the details of the mechanism
require to be modified to suit the particular instrument, but the nature of my
Invention is essentially the same in its various applications.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OR REFINING OILS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1864. A communication from Henry Holz and Lucien Guerot,
Manufacturers, residing at No. 93, Route D'Asnières Levallois, near
Paris.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, of 149, Boulevart Magenta, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OR REFINING
OILS," a communication from Henry Holz and Lucien Guerot, Manufacturers,
two persons resident at No. 93, Route D'Asnières Levallois, near Paris, to be
as follows:-
This improved purifying process is operated on raw oil of any description
by using sulphuric and nitric acids, camphor, and paraffine, all well heated
and thoroughly mixed with the oil. By this process a great economy is
effected in refining or preparing oils for lighting purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING A PRODUCT OBTAINED IN REFINING THE OIL OF COTTON SEEDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Doughty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1864.
I, CHARLES DOUGHTY, of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING A PRODUCT OBTAINED IN REFINING
THE OIL OF COTTON SEEDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating a product
obtained in refining the oil of cotton seeds. In refining the oil of cotton
seeds a residue or waste, called mucilage, is obtained, and it is to the treat-
ment of this product that the present Invention applies. The mucilage is
placed in an open vessel, and heated by free steam till it comes to about
212° Fahrenheit, when a quantity of cream of lime or quicklime mixed with
water is stirred in. The boiling by free steam is continued for some hours.
The contents of the vessel are then allowed to cool, and sulphuric acid is
added. The materials are then again boiled by free steam for some hours,
the scum being removed from time to time. The contents of the vessel are
then allowed to stand, and they will separate into three layers, the fatty
matters will float at the top; below the fatty matters there will be water
combined with alkali or other matters in solution, and at the bottom the
heavier matters will be found. The fatty matters may be readily drawn off
or removed separately, also the water, leaving the lime and heavier residue in
the vessel. The fatty matter is well washed and boiled for some hours in
water, acid being used in the event of any free lime or alkali, being present.

page_text: After the boiling, these materials are allowed to stand; the fatty matter rises
to the top and is separated from the water; it is then fit for use for some
purposes. It is, however, preferred to subject the fatty matter to distillation,
using free steam, which is introduced into the still when the fatty matter is
cold till the temperature is raised to about 200° Fahrenheit; then the contents
of the still are further heated by fire heat, free steam being continually
supplied. The first products come over at about 350° Fahrenheit, and the
whole of the products are brought over at about 550° to 560° Fahrenheit.
The products are fit for being made into candles and soap. The alkali may
be obtained from the water by evaporation, and from the residue by washing
the lime and evaporating the wash waters; or the water and other residue
may be used in preparing manure.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR INDUCING THE CIRCULATION OF A LIQUID FOR CONDENSING OR REFRIGERATING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William M Vitie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1864.
I, WILLIAM MCVITIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR INDUCING THE CIRCULATION OF A LIQUID FOR
CONDENSING OR REFRIGERATING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to arrangements for inducing the circulation of a
liquid for condensing or refrigerating, and is designed to dispense with the
motive power usually employed for such purposes.
The Invention is applicable to surface condensers such as are used with
steam engines, and is specially advantageous in the case of marine engines.
And in carrying it into effect the usual pump is dispensed with, and the
passages by which the cold liquid, such as sea water, is admitted into and
discharged from the condenser, and the spaces in the condenser itself are
arranged as herein-after indicated in such a way that the liquid in those
passages or spaces, and which becomes warmed in the process of condensation,
and is thereby rendered specifically lighter, forms a column opposed to the
external colder and heavier column. The result is that the internal column
as it becomes warmed and lightened is continually displaced by the cold
liquid from the outside, a continuous current being thus produced. The
minor details of the arrangements may be very much varied to suit different
designs of engines, and different circumstances and conditions, but the

page_text: discharge outlet is placed as high as possible above the virtual inlet into the
condenser, and the spaces within the condenser are arranged so that the
liquid may pass through it in a generally upward direction. The discharge
. must however be below the external water level. The arrangements for
refrigerating or cooling liquids will be similar, the refrigerating or cooling
liquid being taken from and discharged into the same reservoir, or into
different reservoirs of the same or nearly the same level.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MOWING GRASS OR REAPING GRAIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1864. A communication from abroad by Louis Adam, of Moscow, in
the Empire of Russia, Merchant.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 49, King William Street, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MOWING GRASS OR REAPING GRAIN,"
communicated to me from abroad by Louis Adam, of Moscow, in the Empire
of Russia, Merchant, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an iron frame mounted on wheels and furnished
with suitable bearings for supporting an upright shaft, upon the lower end
whereof a circular disc or plate of metal is fixed, and carries about its peri-
phery a series of plates somewhat resembling a circular saw; this plate is
caused to revolve by bevilled gearing driven by the hindermost running wheels
of the machine as they rotate by being drawn along the surface of the ground.
The aforesaid disc or plate revolves between two quadrant-shaped pieces of
metal fixed to the framing of the machine. The lowermost of said quadrant
pieces carries at its periphery curved prongs or rake teeth which are employed
to collect the grass or straw of the grain and direct it to the cutter. The edge
of the uppermost of the aforesaid quadrant pieces is formed serrated so that as
the machine is advanced the revolving serrated disc. plate cuts the grass or
straw held between the curved prongs and serrated edges of the uppermost
quadrant piece. In order to collect the cut grass or straw and deliver same

page_text: at the side of the machine I employ a series of radial arms in sets, say, four sets,
fixed at about equal distances one above the other upon the before-mentioned
upright shaft. I also fix to the framing of the machine two curved vertical
skeleton guides; one of said guides is fixed at the back part of the machine and
the other guide extends from the front part of the machine nearly in a line with
the centre thereof, thence it passes in a curved direction behind the upright
shaft aforesaid, and extends a foot or more beyond the side of the machine,
nearly in a line with the centre of the aforesaid shaft. Each set of radial
arms aforesaid passes between the spaces of the skeleton guides above
mentioned, and thus push the cut grass or straw along the curved channel
formed by said guides, and deposit same on the ground at the side of the
machine.