IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, LINE, CEMENT, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Batchelar, of Brookham, in the County
of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
BURNING BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, LINE, CEMENT, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 20th December 1875, and dated the 23rd June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Batchelar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1875.
I, ARTHUR BATCHBLAR, of Brockham, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, LINE, CEMENT, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the burning of bricks, tiles, pottery, lime,
cement, and other similar articles in kilns or chambers by means of the
gases produced from suitable fuel in the apparatus known as a “Siemens
gas generator" or other similar apparatus.

page_text: According to my present Invention I employ kilns or chambers, or a
series of such kilns or chambers acting in rotation, constructed with
flues adapted and arranged in connection with the gas generator with
the adjacent kilns or chambers, and with the chimney.
The gas from the generator is conducted to the burning kiln or
chamber by an appropriate flue or set of flues, being admitted into the
said,kiln or chamber through suitable apertures or openings disposed by
preference at the upper part thereof, and at the point or points best
suited to secure proper and equal distribution of the flame. The air for
effecting the combustion of the gas in the burning kiln or chamber is ]
caused to enter the latter through apertures corresponding to those for
the admission of the gas, being conducted to such apertures by an
appropriate flue or set of flues connecting the said kiln or chamber with
that next behind it in the order of working. By means of these flues
the air when desired may be made to pass through those kilns or 1
chambers in the series (or some of them) which contain goods which
have been previously burnt, and which are still in a beated state,
whereby the said air will be heated to a considerable extent before.
coming in contact with the gas in the burning kiln or chamber.
The hot gaseous products resulting from the combustion of the gas
and air in the burning kiln or chamber may also be caused to pass by
means of the said flues which connect each kiln to the next through
one or more of the kilns or chambers containing goods which have not
been burnt, whereby such goods may be more or less dried preparatory
to the burning operation, the gaseous products finally escaping at a
reduced temperature from the last of the kilns through which it has
passed by means of a flue to the chimney.
The course of the gas and air and of the escaping products of
combustion are regulated by means of valves or dampers as may be
required.
8
In order to effect these results I prefer to employ a series of kilns or
chambers constructed with heat flues and main flues in accordance with
the Invention, for which Letters Patent for the United Kingdom were
granted to me, as of the 2nd January A.D. 1869, No. 13, such heat flues
being used for the passage of the air through the hot kilns or chambers 3
last burnt off to the one actually burning, and of the products of
combustion from the latter into and through the kilns or chambers in

page_text: process of drying, the main flues finally conveying such products to the
chimney, other flues as herein-before mentioned being provided for
conveying the gas from the generator to the kiln or chamber in process.
of burning.
process of drying, the main flues finally conveying such products to the
chimney, other flues as herein-before mentioned being provided for
conveying the gas from the generator to the kiln or chamber in process.
of burning.
I do not however confine myself to the particular form or arrangement
of kiln or chamber or arrangement of flues set forth in the Specification
of the aforesaid Patent, as they may all be varied to suit particular
purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Batchelar in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
BATOHELAR, of Brockham, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Arthur Batchelar, Her special license,
that I, the said Arthur Batchelar, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Batchelar, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, POTTERY, LIME, CEMENT, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Arthur Batchelar, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par=
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the-same-to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: .
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Batchelar, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by,
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom
panying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked {
thereon, that is to say :-
. My Invention relates to the burning of bricks, tiles, pottery, lime,
cement, and other similar articles in kilns or chambers by means of the
gases produced from suitable fuel in the apparatus known as a “Siemens*
gas generator" or other similar apparatus.
According to my present Invention I employ kilns or chambers, or a
series of such kilns or chambers, acting in rotation, constructed with.
flues adapted and arranged in connexion with the gas generator, with
the adjacent kilns or chambers, and with the chimney.
The gas from the generator is conducted to the burning kiln or
chamber by an appropriate flue or set of flues, being admitted into the
said kiln or chamber through suitable apertures or openings disposed
by preference at the upper part thereof, and at the point or points best
suited to secure proper and equal distribution of the flame. The air for
effecting the combustion of the gas in the burning kiln or chamber is
caused to enter the latter through apertures corresponding to those for
the admission of the gas, being conducted to such apertures by an
appropriate flue or set of flues connecting the said kiln or chamber with
that next behind it in the order of working. By means of these flues
the air when desired may be made to pass through those kilns or
chambers in the series (or some of them) which contain goods that have
been previously burnt, and which are still in a heated state, whereby
the said air will be heated to a considerable extent before coming in
contact with the gas in the burning kiln or chamber.
The hot gaseous products resulting from the combustion of the gas
and air in the burning kiln or chamber may also be caused to pass by
means of the said flues which connect each kiln to the next through
one or more of the kilns or chambers containing goods which have not
been burnt, whereby such goods may be more or less dried preparatory
to the burning operation, the gaseous products finally escaping at a
reduced temperature from the last of the kilns through which it has
passed by means of a flue to the chimney.

page_text: The course of the gas and air and of the escaping products of
combustion are regulated by means of valves or dampers as may be
required.
In order to effect these results I prefer to employ a series of kilns or
chambers constructed with heat flues and main flues in accordance with
the Invention for which Letters Patent for the United Kingdom were
granted to me, as of the 2nd day of January, A.D. 1869, No. 18,
such heat flues being used for the passage of the air through the hot
kilns or chambers last burnt off to the one actually burning, and of the
products of combustion from the latter into and through the kilns or
chambers in process of drying, the main flues finally conveying such
products to the chimney, other flues as herein-before mentioned being
provided for conveying the gas from the generator to the kiln'or chamber
in process of burning.
I do not however confine myself to the particular form or arrangement
of kiln or chamber or arrangement of flues set forth in the Specification
of the aforesaid Patent, as they may all be varied to suit particular
purposes.
In the Drawing Fig. 1 represents a section taken on the line a, a,
Fig. 2, of a kiln or chamber adapted for carrying out the Invention;
and Fig. 2 represents a sectional plan of the same taken at line b, b, of
Fig. 1, the said kiln or chamber being shewn as one of a series, all
the kilns or chambers of which are constructed in a similar manner.
A is the flue or passage, by which the gas is conducted from the
generator to the kiln or chamber, or to the series of kilns or chambers
when such is employed. In the latter case the said flue A extends to
the whole series, so as to supply gas to any one or more kilns or
chambers as may be required. The admission of gas from the gas flue A
to the kiln or chamber is regulated at will by the valve B, operated by
a hand wheel and screw above ground as shown. O is a flue or passage
by which the gas is conducted from the valve chamber into a flue or
passage D formed in the upper part of the wall of the kiln or chamber,
and extending entirely round it. E, E, are openings or apertures in the
flue or passage D, through which the gas escapes to mingle with the air,
5 which is conducted by the flues F, F, from the preceding kiln or
chamber, or from the outer atmosphere as the case may be in the
manner to be hereafter,described. Ģ is a flue leading from the kiln or
chamber last burnt off; it opens into a circular flue H constructed in

page_text: the bottom part of the kiln or chamber. From the flue H ascend any
suitable number of flues F, F, disposed at intervals around the kiln or
chamber, and opening into the upper part thereof by the apertures F', F.
J is a fluc, which descends in the centre of the floor of the kiln or
chamber, and from which a flue K leads into the flue in the kiln or 6
chamber next in order in the series corresponding to the flue marked H
in the kiln or chamber under description. From the descending flue J
a flue L also leads to the chimney shaft, which may be placed in any
convenient and suitable position.
It will be understood that the flues G, K, and L are to be provided 1
with suitable dampers or valves, whereby communication between the
burning kiln or chamber and the preceding or next one, or between the
burning kiln or chamber and the chimney, can be established or cut off
as may be required.
The arrangement of flues G, H, F, J, K, and L above described is 1
similar to that described in the Specification of my said Patent of the
Second day of January 1869, and forms no part of the present Invention,
except in combination with the arrangements for employing gas fuel
herein described.
Assuming that the kiln or chamber shewn in the Drawing is the one 2
in which the burning operation is going on it will be understood that
if suitable openings be made into the kiln or chamber with which the
flue G communicates (that is to say, the one last burnt off) by opening
holes in, say the roof or sides, and if the damper or valve in the chimney
flue of that kiln or chamber be closed and the damper or valve in the 2
flue G be opened, atmospheric air can enter the kiln last burnt off, and
descending through the heated goods therein will take up more or less
of the heat therefrom, and descending the flue in such kiln or chamber
corresponding to the flue J in the kiln or chamber shewn in the
Drawings passes by the flue G into the flue H, as shewn by the feathered 8
arrows, and ascending therefrom by the flues F, F, meets and mingles
in a heated state with the gas issuing from the apertures E, E, the
mixed gas and air entering the kiln or chamber by the apertures F¹, F',
in Figs. 1, 3, & 5, or mixing together after entering the kiln or
chamber in the case of Fig. 4. The mixed gas and air being ignited a 88
very intenso heat is produced to burn the goods stacked in the kiln or
chamber; or if preferred the flues may be arranged as shewn in Fig. 5,

page_text: in which similar letters refer to like parts in the other Figures. The
heated gaseous products resulting from the combustion of the gas and
air may then be allowed to escape to the chimney direct by the flue Ļ,
or into the kiln or chamber next in order by the flue K, as indicated by
the plain arrow. The said heated gaseous products in passing through
and amongst the unburnt goods stacked in such kiln or chamber assist
more or less in drying them (preparatory to the burning operation, and
finally escape from such kiln or chamber to the chimney in a manner
similar to that described in the Specification of my aforesaid Patent of
the Second day of January 1869..
In some cases, as for example when burning the first kiln or chamber
of a series, or during the first part of the operation of burning a kiln
or chamber, or when using one kiln or chamber only, the air to effect
the combustion of the gas may be admitted direct from the atmosphere
into the flue G or H, or into the flues F, F, or at other points suitable
for effecting a proper admixture of the gas and air by a suitable opening
or openings provided for that purpose instead of being caused to pass
through the preceding kiln or chamber.
- Any convenient number of kilns or chambers constructed with and
connected together by means of flues in the manner described may be
arranged so as to act as a continuous series, that is to say, in such
manner that each kiln or chamber is burnt off in succession, the air to
effect combustion of the gas being heated by passing through and
amongst the hot goods in the preceding kiln or chamber, and the heated
products of combustion being passed through and amongst the unburnt
goods in the kiln or chamber next in order, and so on throughout the
series;
and instead of employing circular kilns or chambers, separate
and distinct from each other as shewn, they may be arranged of an
oblong, sectoral, or other suitable form, and placed close together, or
only separated by partition walls, the flues and passages being disposed
accordingly.

page_text: manner in which the same is to or may be performed, I would have it
understood that what I claim as my Invention is,―
First. The use of the gas flue or passage D and the apertures E for
introducing gas into the kiln or chamber, arranged and adapted sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the Drawings.
Second. The combined arrangement of flues and passages whereby,
firstly, gas is introduced into the kiln or chamber; secondly, the air to
support combustion of the gas is caused to traverse the heated goods
contained in the kiln or chamber last burnt off or fired, or to be supplied
direct from the atmosphere.
'
And, Thirdly. the heated products of com-bustion of the gas and air
are caused to traverse the unburnt goods contained in the kiln or
next in order or to pass direct to the chamber chimney; substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated in the Drawings.
1
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Batchelar, have hereunto 1
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
ARTHUR BATCHELAR. (L.S.)
Patentce.