IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASSES AS APPLIED DAD PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Gardner, of Plaistow, in the County of Essex,
Gentleman, Henry Gardner, of Leytonstone Road, in the same County,
Gentleman, and John Carey Gardner, of Leytonstone Road aforesaid,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASSES AS APPLIED
DAD
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Gardner, Henry.
Gardner, and John Carey Gardner at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th December 1855.
We, JAMES GARDNER, HENRY GARDNER, and JOHN CAREY GARDNER, do:
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASSES
AS APPLIED FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT, to be as follows:--
First, by using in the ordinary way over the light (gas or otherwise, as the
case may be), a solid piece of glass, having a cylindrical or other opening.
through the centre for the light, such glass being more or less globular in
form.
Second, by using two or more glasses (one inside the other) more or less
globular in shape, but of greater thickness in the middle, decreasing towards
the top and bottom.
Third, by using a hollow globular or other glass with the chinney through
the centre, the same being in one or more pieces of glass, and filling or
partially filling such hollow glass with water or other transparent fluid, so that
the light passes through the water or fluid. All the above may be used with

page_text: or without the ordinary chimney glasses, and may be either of glass or other
transparent or semi-transparent substances. The glass or other substance
used as above may be clear or partially clear, or ground or partially ground,
or colored or partially colored.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Gardner, Henry Gardner, and John Carey Gardner
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th June 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
GARDNER, of Plaistow, in the County of Essex, Gentleman, HENRY GARDNER,
of Leytonstone Road, in the same County, Gentleman, and JOHN CAREY
GARDNER, of Leytonstone Road aforesaid, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said James Gardner, Henry Gardner, and John Carey Gardner, Her
special licence that we, the said James Gardner, Henry Gardner, and John
Carey Gardner, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said James Gardner, Henry Gardner, and John Carey Gardner,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and. Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GLASSES AS APPLIED FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF LIGHT," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said James Gardner, Henry Gardner, and
John Carey Gardner, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
. . NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Gardner, Henry Gardner,
and John Carey Gardner, do hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly.
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-

page_text: We use in the ordinary way over the light (gas or otherwise, as the case
may be,) for the purpose of increasing the illuminating power of such light,
a solid piece of glass, having a cylindrical, elliptical, or other bore or opening
through or near the centre for the light, such glass being externally more or
less globular in form. And we sometimes use two or more of such glasses,
the one inside the other. And we sometimes use either of the above of
hollow glass, filled or partially filled with water or other transparent fluid, so
that the light passes through the water or fluid. And we sometimes use with
such water or fluid, salt or other substances to lower the freezing point thereof,
and add alum or other substances to make the same clear and transparent.
And, in the case of water or fluid being used, we use on the top or opening of
the glass one or more coverings to keep out the dust or dirt. All the above
we use with or without one or more of the ordinary chimney glasses, and may
be either of glass or other transparent or semi-transparent substance. The
glass or other substance used as above may be clear or partially clear, or
ground or partially ground, or colored or partially colored.
Having thus described the several details of our said improvements, we
wish it to be understood that we do not restrict ourselves to the exact form,
materials, dimensions, or precise situations of the several parts, or the
diameter, or precise situation of the bore or opening through either or all of
the above glasses. And we do declare that what we claim as our Invention
is, the peculiar form, arrangement, and adaptation of solid glasses and of
hollow glasses filled with transparent fluid, as described, for increasing the
illuminating power of any description of light.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Gardner, Henry Gardner, and
John Carey Gardner, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
JAMES GARDNER.
(L.S.)
HENRY GARDNER.
(L.S.)
JOHN CAREY GARDNER.
(L.S.)