matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-BARS, AND FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF THEM FOR HEATING THE FEED, FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND FOR KEEPING THE BARS COOL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stephens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1870.
I, CHARLES STEPHENS, of Admirals' Hard, Stonehouse, in the County
of Devon, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-BARS, AND FOR
THE EMPLOYMENT OF THEM FOR HEATING THE FEED, FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND
FOR KEEPING THE BARS COOL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of bars of iron or other metal as fire bearing
bars, hollowed so as to allow a stream of water constantly to flow
through them.
The fire-bars can be constructed in pairs, and for the convenience
of removal a bolt passes through the fire-bars and through the front
bearing bar with a nut underneath, which makes a steam joint between
the fire-bar and the bearing bar.
The bearing bars are constructed with holes and partitions to suit
the fire-bars, by these means it is quite easy to remove a pair of fire-bars
and insert others if found necessary.

page_text: It is contended that this Invention will save a great amount of fuel,
and prevent the bars from burning, and also prevent the formation of
clinkers.
These fire-bars are applicable to all steam engines and other boilers,
and can be attached to a feed pump at one end of the bearing bar, water
is then forced through the bearing bar, down one fire-bar, up the
adjoining fire-bar, then through the bearing bar and down to the third
fire-bar, and so on, until the water has passed through all the fire-bars.
A pipe connects the other end of the bearing bar and communicates
with the water in the boiler; by these means the feed becomes exceed-
ingly hot, but the bars remain perfectly cool. The fire-bars can be used
for furnaces, kitchen ranges, stoves, &c. where hot water or steam is
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hawkins, Joseph Hawkins,
James Hawkins, Henry Hawkins, Charles Wilson Hawkins, and
John Cuerdale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 31st October 1870.
We, JOHN HAWKINS, JOSEPH HAWKINS, JAMES HAWKINS, HENRY
HAWKINS, and CHARLES WILSON HAWKINS, of Preston, in the County
of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners and Manufacturers, and JOHN CUERDALE,
of the same Place, Spinning Master, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to mules for spinning, our object being to make
or build a cop so as to prevent its coming asunder in any part during
its use in the shuttle in weaving, which is too commonly the case with
the cops built by the old process, to effect which we wrap in building
twice at one stretch, thereby crossing the yarn alternately, which has
the effect of building a cop similar in every respect to the hand built
cop, being firm and very tenacious. This we effect in the following
manner-We substitute for the ordinary building rail a rail in two

page_text: lengths, with a junction tongue in the centre, giving an equal rise to
both; they have shapers in the middle and at both ends of such rails.
We alter the present radius arm to suit these requirements. It will thus
be seen we are enabled to give a double action to the fallers and wires
to every stretch of yarn, whereas as at present worked only one action
is given to such fallers and yarn. We by the above motion in winding
get a cross winding of yarn, and finish the winding at the top of the
cop. And in addition by these means we prevent all back lash of yarn,
thereby allowing the yarn to wind off the cop freely from one end to the
other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER SEASON TICKETS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Alton Letts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1870.
I, THOMAS ALTON LETTS, of Breakspear Road, New Cross, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER SEASON TICKETS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
These improvements consist in using such a combination of colors and
numbers or letters, dyed or printed on leather, calico, or other suitable
material in the manufacture of railway and other season tickets, as will
enable the initiated to detect fraud, more especially as regards the month
of issue or expiry and the class, station, and year for which the tickets
are available.
One combination consists in making the upper half of the ticket of
a white or other color agreed on, to represent first class, the other classes
being designated by other colors. Twelve different colors are employed
for the lower halves of the tickets to indicate the months of the year
for which the tickets are available. A band across the ticket designates
.

page_text: the station for which the ticket is available, for each station a different
color being used. A unit or letter indicates the year in which the
ticket expires. The various colors employed are selected to suit the
various requirements of each railway or other company and may be
varied according to any particular plan on the principle herein-before
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STARTING TREADLE MOTIONS, APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES AND OTHER. PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1870.-A communication from abroad by Orwell Har-
rison Needham and Charles Newell Brainerd, both of the City and
State of New York, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR STARTING TREADLE MOTIONS, APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES AND OTHER.
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the starting of treadle
motions, and it is applicable to such motions generally, irrespective of
the purpose to which they are designed to be applied, but is more
particularly intended for connection with the treadle motions of sewing
machines.
The Invention consists in supplementing the treadle motion with an
arrangement which will act directly upon the crank shaft, no matter
what may be the position of the crank at the moment the pressure of

page_text: the foot is applied. Over the treadle shaft, or with freedom to oscil-
late thereon, is arranged a shoe which is made to operate (through a
crank lever carrying a pawl) on a ratchet wheel secured to the crank
shaft. This crank lever is loose on the crank shaft, and it is rocked
through a rod which connects it with the oscillating shoe. This shoe
overlies the ordinary treadle, and is depressed by the foot when applied
to the ordinary treadle.
It will now be understood that the crank shaft may by means of the
pawl and ratchet be-instantly started whatever the position of the crank.
This arrangement while affording every facility to the operator who
works the treadle for setting the treadle motion in action is free from
interference with or by the rock shaft of the treadle. By extending the
shoe over the treadle it will be understood that in applying the foot or
feet to work the latter the shoe (which operates the starting mechanism)
will be as it were automatically applied to actuate the starter, and it
will be held down during the working of the treadle without interfering
with the application of the foot or feet to the treadle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING AND MIXING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whieldon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1870.
I, WILLIAM WHIELDON, of 190, Westminster Bridge Road, in the
5 County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING AND MIXING MACHINES," to be
as follows:-
My improvements apply to machines in which kneading or mixing is
effected by knives mounted on a shaft, and caused to revolve through
the dough or matter to be mixed within a vessel. In such machines it
is difficult to remove the contents of the vessel without first dismounting
and removing the knives.
Now the object of my Invention is so to construct the vessel in which
tho kneading or mixing is effected that the matter can be removed
therefrom without dismounting or detaching any of the working
mechanism. For this purpose I form the vessel in two parts, an upper
and a lower part. The shaft and machinery for working it are mounted
on the upper part of the vessel, and this part is jointed at one side to

page_text: the other part by hinges, and fixed by a bolt or screw at the other side.
When it is desired to remove the contents, or to get access to the vessel,
the bolt or screw is slacked and the upper part of the vessel with the
knives and mechanism is folded back so as to leave the bottom part of
the vessel open and clear for access. Otherwise instead of connecting
the two parts of the vessel by hinges, I fix the upper part of the vessel
to the framing of the machine, and I mount the under part upon a
slide, along which it can be moved away from the upper part. The slide
may be horizontal, or vertical, or it may be inclined so that the under
part of the vessel while it is lowered is also guided obliquely towards
the front of the machine, and is thereby rendered more accessible.
For raising or lowering the bottom of the vessel the slide may be fitted
with a screw,
rack, hydraulic ram, or other convenient mechanism,
and it may be held in its place by a set screw, key, or other suitable
means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OF WATER.OR:OTHER. LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Onion at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1870.
I, THOMAS ONION, of No. 12, Leicester Road, Loughborough,. in. the
County of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OF WATER.OR:OTHER.
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
In carrying out my Invention I employ a cylindrical case with closed
ends. Within this cylindrical case is applied another cylinder working
closely with the ends of it, but so as to leave an annular space between
the outer surface of the inner cylinder and the inner surface of the outer
cylinder or casc. The inner cylinder is applied to a shaft supported on
bearings in the case to enable it to revolve truly therein. The outer
case is provided with abutments on opposite sides of the annular space
referred to and extending from its inner surface to the outer surface of
the inner cylinder. There are passages to the interior of the outer case,
one near cach abutment, to conduct the liquid to be measured, whilst
there is a separate passage on the opposite side of cach abutment to
conduct away the liquid after measurement. The inner cylinder is pro-

page_text: vided with four sliding plates which act as pistons and are controlled
in their motion so as in the rotation of the inner cylinder to pass within
the periphery thereof at the time they are passing the abutments, and
then they project across the annular space in the intervening parts.
The liquid in passing into this annular space acts simultaneously on
two opposite pistons to give motion to the inner cylinder. The chambers
thus formed between the pistons and the abutments in this annular
space become the measures of quantity passed through the apparatus,
and this quantity is registered by suitable registering apparatus worked
from the azie
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF IRON ORES FOR SMELTING, AND IN KILNS OR FURNACES EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cochrane at the Office
"
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1870.
I, CHARLES COCHRANE, of The Ellowes, Upper Gornal, in the County.
of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF IRON ORES FOR SMELTING, AND IN KILNS
OR FURNACES EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
In the Specification to certain Letters Patent granted to me, and
bearing date the 25th of June 1869, No. 1939, I described a process of
reducing or deoxidizing iron ores by subjecting them inside a closed
chamber to the action of highly heated carbonic oxide gas. I have
since found that by allowing, the reduced ore to issue from such chamber
in the highly heated state to which it is raised by the hot gas great
inconvenience as also a considerable loss of heat is experienced.
Now my present Invention has for its object to remedy these defects,
and consists in introducing the heated reducing gases into the chamber
or kiln at a point situated some height above the discharge end of the
kiln, while at such latter point I introduce cool carbonic oxide or blast.
furnace gas, which in rising up through the heated and partially or wholly

page_text: reduced ore descending from the upper part of the kiln where it has been
subjected to the action of the heated gas takes up the heat from such
reduced ore, and also completes the reduction of any of the ore that
may not be perfectly deoxidized, and the ascending carbonic oxide gas
by thus becoming itself heated acts effectually together with the upper
The heat of the
heated gas in reducing the upper strata of ore.
ore is thus usefully employed, and the ore is discharged in a cool con-
dition.
The arrangement of kiln or furnace for this purpose may be similar
to that described in the Specification to my Patent No. 2265 of 1869,
the central passage there described for the entrance of cold gas being.
however raised some distance into the kiln, and serving for the intro-
duction of heated gas, while the cold reducing gas is introduced either
near the discharge openings in the kiln or into the discharge boxes
for the ore, or at both places.
E
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY GAS METERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cowan, Alexander
Donaldson, and John Sandilands at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th March 1870.
We, WILLIAM COWAN, ALEXANDER DONALDSON, and JOHN SANDI-
LANDS, all of the City of Edinburgh, Gas Meter Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY GAS
METERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
certain of the parts of dry gas meters whereby greater simplicity and
economy in their manufacture are obtained.
According to our Invention we make the body or case of the meter
cylindrical, and so as to contain two diaphragms (the case being divided
by a central partition), each of which diaphragms is provided with a
soparate slide valve and passages of its own both worked from one valve
crank. The main outlet passage from each diaphragm communicates
with a space which intervenes between the top of the casing and the
bottom of the valve chamber, such space surrounding or enclosing also
the inlet passages into the diaphragms after they leave the inlet valve
ports. The inlet valve ports are of course alternately inlet and outlet

page_text: according as one or the other is brought into communication with the
main outlet port by the slide valve.
Or in lieu of using separate valves to each diaphragm a single eccentric
rotatory valve may be employed for both diaphragms worked from the
crank above referred to. This valve or the slide valves before referred
to may be boxed in to protect the arms and index from the action of the
gas, or if preferred the whole may be left exposed to the action of the gas
and the spindle which works the index caused to pass through a stuffing
box in the back of the index chamber. The leather of each diaphragm is
secured at its outer circumference to a metal rim, which rim is soldered into
the case of the meter, or when a cast-iron case is used the said outer rim is
soldered to an inner lining of tin plate, an opening being made to commu-
nicate with the intervening space under the bottom of the valve chamber
before referred to. The inner circumference of the leather is also secured
to a rim which is soldered to the disc in the usual way. The disc is caused
to travel beyond the outer rim in both directions, whereby a larger
discharge of gas at each stroke is obtained than has hitherto been the case
with a meter of the same size. The "flag" may be connected to the
disc by pins or studs formed thereon working in slots made in fixed arms
or brackets soldered to the disc in lieu of using a hinge for their con-
nection, but if preferred the usual hinge joint may be employed. It
is also proposed when using cast-iron cases to make the main body in
two parts and then to bolt the two together, after having first interposed
a tin plate partition provided on each side with a rim for the attachment
of the outer rims of the diaphragms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AËRATED BEVERAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mackay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
August 1870.
I, ROBERT MACKAY, of the Town and County of Inverness, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF AËRATED BEVERAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of spruce or essence of
spruce as the basis for the manufacture of aërated beverages.
According to one method I dilute spruce with water in or about the
proportion of one part spruce to hundred parts water; I then force into
the liquids when combined carbonic or other acid gas by any of the
known methods now in use. When thus prepared a refreshing beverage
is obtained.
According to another method I dilute spruce or essence of spruce in
water in or about the proportion of two parts spruce to hundred parts
water, to which I add, say, one wine glass of ginger wine per bottle, and
I force carbonic acid or other gas into same as before. By this means a
creaming and refreshing beverage is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF CERTAIN METALLIC SULPHIDES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALKALINE COMPOUNDS, ALSO OF A COMPOUND OF SULPHUR BY SUCH DECOMPOSITION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gossage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1870.
I, WILLIAM GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF CERTAIN METALLIC SULPHIDES, AND
IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALKALINE COMPOUNDS, ALSO OF A COMPOUND OF SULPHUR BY
SUCH DECOMPOSITION," to be as follows:-
The objects of my Invention are to obtain hydrate of soda and sulphide
of hydrogen by the decomposition of sulphide of sodium by the action
of vapour of water at a high temperature thereon; also hydrate of
potassa and sulphide of hydrogen by the decomposition of sulphide of
potassium by the action of vapour of water at a high temperature
thereon, and lime and sulphide of hydrogen by the decomposition of
sulphide of calcium by the action of vapour of water at a high
temperature thereon. These results I attain by placing the metallic
sulphide (of which I wish to effect the decomposition) in a closed vessel
constructed of iron or other suitable material, which vessel is placed in

page_text: a flue or air chamber, through which I cause the products of combustion
proceeding from a fire to be passed and thereby to heat the vessel and its
contents. This vessel is provided with a tube for the admission of
steam therein, and another tube for the escape of the gaseous products
of the decomposition. When the arrangements for heating the vessel
are sufficiently powerful to raise the temperature of the metallic sulphide
contained therein to a red heat and to maintain it at such heat steam at
ordinary pressure or at high pressure may be used for effecting the
decomposition of the sulphide,-but-I-prefer-greatly_to_use_steam
which has been previously superheated (a term well understood) so as
to raise its temperature to a red heat or thereabouts. Under the
circumstances above mentioned the metallic sulphide and the vapour of
water (steam) undergo mutual decomposition, the oxygen of the water
passing to the metallic base of the sulphide and the hydrogen of the
water combining with the sulphur of the sulphide and producing
sulphide of hydrogen, which may be converted into sulphuric acid or
sulphur.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CHURNING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Gordon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1870.
I, DAVID GORDON, of the Firm of David Gordon & Co., of the Town
and County of Ayr, North Britain, Ironmongers and Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CHURNING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to an improved arrangement and con-
struction of apparatus specially applicable to vertical churns, and whereby
butter is formed in such churns in a more efficient manner and with
much less labour or expenditure of force than in existing arrangements of
vertical churns, consists in the employment of a suitable standard or
framing to which a beam is hung. From the centre of this beam a
connecting rod or pendulum is suspended, and in the lower end of this
connecting rod or pendulum a slot is formed, in which a block slides.
Through the centre of the block is inserted one end of a pin or stud, the
other end of which pin or stud is attached to a fly wheel placed on a

page_text: revolving shaft. At each end of the beam one end of a connecting rod
or link is attached, the other ends of these links being fixed to the piston
rods of churns placed under the beam. By this arrangement of
mechanism as the fly wheel is rotated the connecting rod or pendulum
attached thereto is caused to oscillate, and the required vertical motion
is thereby conveyed to the beam at the upper end, and through the
intervention of the beam to the pistons in the respective churn barrels.
It is to be understood that the herein-before described improvements
may be applied to, apparatus in which a similar vertical movement is
required.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR FASTENING TICKETS UPON WOVEN GOODS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1870.-A communication from abroad by Léon Georges
Gassion, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
-
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.
Southampton Buildings, London, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR FASTENING
TICKETS UPON WOVEN GOODS AND OTHER ARTICLES," a communication, to be as
follows:-
Hitherto for the attachment of tickets to samples or pieces of cloth
and other articles common pins have been generally used.
My Invention relates to a small metallic buckle or clasp for this
purpose which I call a ticket fastener.
The accompanying Drawing represents one of the said ticket fasteners.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the fastener shewing clearly its
means for attachment to the cloth or sample; Figure 2 is a front view
of the same furnished with its ticket; Figure 3 is an edge view of the

page_text: said fastener illustrating the manner of attaching the same; Figure 4 is
an edge view of the fastener shewing the same attached. Like letters
indicate the same parts in all of these Figures.
The buckles are cut with a punch in the form shewn in the Drawing, or
into such variations of this form as will present, first, a flap a; second,
two or more points 6 on its under portion; third, two parts e turned
down and closed so as to pinch and hold a cord d, which is to carry
the ticket f.
The attachment of this ticket fastener is effected as indicated in
Figure 3. g is the piece of cloth or stuff; the two points are first
inserted and turned down, and then the flap is closed or turned down
so as to cover and protect the said points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Musgrave at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1870.
I, JOHN MUSGRAVE, of the Globe Iron Works, 'Bolton, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to afford means for instantly laying
down fog signals at any reasonable distance from a station, siding, or
other part of a railway. In carrying out my Invention I place an
ordinary fog signal in the end of a lever which is jointed near the rail, and
this lever can be lowered so as to place the fog signal on the rail by means
of a handle and a connecting wire or chain, or by any suitable arrange-
ment of elbow levers and links or otherwise. By this means if it should
be found desirable to stop a train one or more fog signals can be laid
down at a considerable distance from the station or siding by merely
moving a handle, and I intend to combine my Invention with the usual
semaphore or other signals or to use it independently of such signals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTIONS FOR FIRE ENGINE HOSES AND OTHER PIPES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Loftus Perkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1870. Partly a communication from abroad by Montgomery Gibs,
of Washington, in the United States of America.
I, LOFTUS PERKINS, of No. 6, Seaford Street, Regent Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTIONS FOR FIRE ENGINE HOSES AND OTHER PIPES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in connections for fire
engine hoses and other pipes. For these purposes engine hoses the ends
of which are to be connected from time to time are each made to
terminate in a metal ferrule with a flange around it having on its back
two inclines, one on either side of the pipe, and at the foot of each incline
there is a notch in the flange. In connection with these parts a ring is
used with two lugs projecting inwards from each of its edges. When
the pipes are to be joined together the ring is put over the end of one of
the pipes, the lugs passing through the notches in the flange; the flange
of one pipe is then butted up against the flange of the other with

page_text: suitable packing between, and the ring is drawn forward so as to cover
the flanges, which are then between the lugs of the ring; the ring is
now turned partly round, and the lugs riding up the inclines tighten the
flanges together. It is not necessary that both the flanges should be
notched as the ring may remain permanently on one of the ends of the
pipe. It is not essential that there should be inclines on both the flanges
as the tightening up may be effected by one set of inclines and lugs
only. In place of framing the inclines and lugs in pairs they may be
made with three or more in each set. When metal pipes are to be thus
connected the flanges may be formed of a piece with them. The lugs or
inclines as above described have each but one bearing surface, but if
desired they may be threaded like screws, so as to have numerous locking
and bearing surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING WARPS OF WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND TWINE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Houghton and John
Bapty at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th February 1870..
We, WILLIAM HOUGHTON, of the Firm of Knowles, Houghton, and
Company, of Gomersall, in the County of York, Machine Makers, and
JOHN BAPTY, of Leeds, in the aforesaid County, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING WARPS OF WOOL OR
OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES AND TWINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery for sizing and drying yarns or
threads of wool or other fibrous substances when forming them into
warps for weaving, and consists in a combination and arrangement of
the several parts required to effect this object in such a manner that the
several yarns, threads, or strands are so separated from each other in
their passage from the sizing apparatus and maintained separate until
dryed that they are prevented from adhering together. For this purpose
we have two or more sets of sizing troughs with the usual immersion or
conducting rollers arranged at different elevations, or one above another,
according to the number of ends or threads required to form the warp.

page_text: These several ends or threads are supplied from bobbins in the usual
manner and passed through the troughs, and thence through separate
holes in plates or through reeds separately, and thence by other con-
ducting rollers over a series of steam pipes arranged over or upon the
top of a chamber in which is one or more revolving fans. These fans
are constructed similar to the sails of a windmill, and are set and
operated so as to draw air through an inlet at the bottom part of the
chamber, and force it through the spaces betwixt the steam pipes in the
top into contact with the warp threads passing over them, by which
the said threads are dryed; the threads are thence conducted by rollers
into one plane and formed into warp in the usual manner.
This machine or apparatus is also applicable for dressing or sizing and
drying twine or shop thread, and for other similar purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodcroft Hammond at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th June 1870.-A communication from abroad by Chas. Felix de
Dartein and Jules Edouard de Dartein, of Strasbourg, Empire of
France.
I, HENRY WOODCROFT HAMMOND, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES," a communication to me from abroad
by Chas. Felix de Dartein and Jules Edouard de Dartein, of Strasbourg,
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is, 1st, to hermetically close by the
cartridge itself the break or solution of continuity that exists in arms of
the revolver class between the cylinder and barrel, and at the hind part
in those of other systems, which whilst the arm is being fired causes
an escape of gas and consequently loss of projectile force.
2ly. In rifled fire-arms to impart to the projectile from its very
starting point, i.e, in the cartridge itself, a commencement of rotary
motion, by which inchoative rotation the projectile is prepared to enter
and follow the helical grooves of the barrel, thus avoiding the loss of

page_text: force caused by the sudden change of plain rectilinear motion into
rotary rectilinear motion.
3ly. In revolvers, to allow the cylinder or the breech being displaced
after firing.
:-
These improvements are effected as follows:-
1st. By providing the fore part of the cartridge with a metallic blank
or socket having an aperture for the passage of the bullet, the expansion
of the gases whilst firing powerfully applying the circular flange of the
said socket against the back face of the barrel.
2ly. (a.) By surrounding the projectile in the cartridge with a ferrule
or lining of any suitable material which ensures the true position of its
axis, the basis or crown at the front part of said ferrule resting on the
circular flange of the aforesaid metallic socket, thus contributing towards
the more perfect and tighter laying of the said flange against the hind
face of the barrel. (b.) By moulding, casting, or chasing inside the
ferrule or lining of the projectile short bits of rifling, by which the
inchoative rotary motion is obtained, as above set forth.
3ly. By using for the cartridge socket or lining any suitable elastic or
plastic material, such as greased fabric, india-rubber, wax cloth, and like
material, by which the cartridge tube after firing is enabled to oppose no
obstacle in the way of displacing the breech or cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING VEGETABLE OILS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Baird at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1870.
I, JAMES BAIRD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING VEGETABLE OILS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
:
This Invention, which relates to improvements in treating certain
oils, has for its object the rendering of such oils non-oxidisable. The
oils referred to are of the class known as vegetable oils, and the
Invention consists in combining these oils by digesting a mixture of
such oils and sulphur.
The proportions preferred to be used are for a hundred parts five of
sulphur to ninety-five of the oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1870.
I, MATTHEW JOHNSON, formerly of Methley, but now of Churwell,
near Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has been designed for the purpose of causing ploughing
to be better effected, and to be carried out with greater ease to man and
horse by the adoption of a contrivance for regulating the position of the
plough, by means of which the body of the plough can be raised or
lowered in order that if the ploughshare is a new one and sinks too deep
in the soil it can be raised to a suitable height, or when it becomes worn
and takes insufficient hold of the ground it can be lowered as required,
and the plough can be worked without difficulty when the soil is perfectly
dry and hard.
The Invention consists in connecting to the body of the plough a bar,
rod, or plate of metal curved in a semicircular or other shape at its middle;
on each extremity of this bar or rod is formed a screw thread, and each
end is separately passed upwards through the beam of the plough, after

page_text: which a screw nut is put on each, and by screwing down or up either one
or other of these nuts the ploughshare is raised or lowered as required.
In addition to this contrivance the body of the plough is connected to
the beam by means of a suitable attachment and bolt, the bolt passing
through the centre of the beam and being made to act like an axle, so
as to allow the body of the plough to be readily moved up and down
when desired.
The Invention is applicable either to a "swing" plough (that is, a
plough without wheels), or to a plough with wheels, the wheels being
placed either as usual or with a wheel placed at the body of the plough
and a wheel near the end of the beam of the plough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bertie Charles Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1870.
I, BERTIE CHARLES SCOTT, of Saint John's Wood, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
These engines consist of a pair of cylinders for each engine in which a
spindle revolves, such spindle carrying a piston made in the shape of a
screw fan, being at such an angle that the second blade catches a fresh
supply of steam before the first delivers to the exhaust. The reversing
gear is made in the same way as for the slide or side valve of an
ordinary fixed cylinder, the reverse action being secured by moving the
handle to which the slide or side valve rods are secured so as to change
the direction of the inlet or inject and the exhaust.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE TABLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Chafer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1870.
I, EDWIN CHAFER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE TABLES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention which relates to improvements in billiard and bagatelle
tables whereby the said tables are or may be constructed at a less cost
and possessing greater stability than under the existing modes of con-
structing them, consists as follows:-
In the first place the beds of the said tables are made of Portland or
Roman cement, the cement being obtained in the form of slabs or plates
by being compressed with hydraulic or other pressure between surfaces
of slate either enamelled or not, and which surfaces being made as true
or level as it is practicable to make them impart a correspondingly true
and level surface to the slabs of cement. For the purpose of holding
the said slabs of cement together, and for binding them to the cushion
frame, the slabs have bars of iron embedded in them whilst the cement

page_text: is in the plastic state, the said bars being formed with tubular ends with
screw threads cut in the tubes to receive the bolts by which the cushion
frame is attached to the slabs. The slabs are held together lengthwise
of the table by bars passing through tubes also embedded in the cement,
the bars having screws formed on their ends to receive the nuts by
which they are drawn together, and to render the joints firmer and closer
the cement is "checked out" at these parts. The legs of the tables are
attached thereto by bars having tubular and screwed ends or by passing
bars with screwed ends through-tubes-fixed-in-the-legs,-these_together_
with the cushion frame being formed of any kind of hard and quick
setting cement.
In the second place the Invention consists of giving to the exterior
surface of the framework and legs the appearance of wood; this is
effected by wood veneers attached thereto by glue or otherwise, or such
surfaces may be imitated by painting and enamelling them. In order
to give the exterior surfaces the appearance of marble and other orna-
mental stones the said surfaces are covered with coloured cements which
are allowed to set thereon, and are afterwards finished by being ground
smooth and polished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS, BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnard Holt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1870.
I, BARNARD HOLT, of No. 14, Savile Row, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS, BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO HORSE-SHOES," to be as
follows:
This Invention has for its object to fix tyres of elastic material around
the periphery of a wheel and to fix elastic material on the under side of a
horse-shoe. To fix a tyre of elastic material around a wheel I first fix
around the wheel a rigid tyre of a section such as ✓ or of other trough
section, the trough or channel being outwards. The tyre of elastic
material, by preference of vulcanized india-rubber, is formed to fit into the
trough of the, rigid tyre and to project out beyond it to any desired
distance. Such projecting portion I by preference make of a rounded form.
The portion of the vulcanized india-rubber tyre which fits within the
trough has canvas or like material combined with it to prevent its
stretching.

page_text: The elastic tyre may be in one or more lengths, and is laid into the
trough of the rigid tyre and secured there by pins passed through it and
through the flanges or sides of the rigid tyre.
In order to form a horse-shoe with vulcanized india-rubber, or other
elastic material projecting from its under side, I first form a rigid shoe
with a channel or trough passing around it on its under side; this I prefer
to effect by forging the shoe from bars of trough iron, or the shoes might
be of malleable cast metal. These shoes are fixed on the hoof by nails
passed through the bottom of the trough, and after they have been fixed
on to the hoof I insert into the trough on the under side of the shoe a strip
of of vulcanized india-rubber which is of a depth sufficient to project to
any desired extent from the under side of the shoe. The strip of vulcanized
india-rubber where it fits within the groove has canvas combined with
it, and is secured in its place by pins in the same way as that described
for securing an elastic tyre around a wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE TYRES OF THE RUNNING WHEELS OF ROAD LOCOMOTIVES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Aveling and David
Greig at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd October 1870.
We, THOMAS AVELING, of Rochester, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
and DAVID GREIG, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO THE TYRES OF THE RUNNING WHEELS OF ROAD LOCOMOTIVES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved mode of constructing the tyres
of the running wheels of those classes of locomotive engines which
are intended to run on common roads or land without the use of
rails.
The Invention consists in constructing the tyres of the running
wheels of such engines in such a manner that they will adhere more
firmly to the ground than heretofore. To this end the tyres are made
elastic by the adaptation thereto of blocks of vulcanized india-rubber,
which are held down on to the plate which constitutes the felloe of the
wheel by means of box staples or bent plates of metal placed over each
•

page_text: joint or junction of the rubber blocks. These box staples are capable of
moving up and down in guides fixed on the sides of the felloe, and are
held in place (so as to bear on the surface of the blocks) by means of
cross bolts; when by the revolution of the wheel the box staples are
brought in contact with the ground they will be forced back in their
guides and will compress the rubber blocks, so that the tyre or periphery
of the wheel will always be elastic, and the faces of the box staples will
have a firm hold on the ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND IN PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd August 1870.
I, CHARLES Weightman HarRISON, of Westminster Chambers, in the
City of Westminster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature.
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND IN PROJECTILES
TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new construction of fire-arms and
projectiles, whereby the barrel of the gun fits within the projectile
instead of the projectile within the gun, as in the ordinary manner.
In the construction of a compound ordnance or fire-arm composed of
any desired number of barrels fitting in or around a projectile, the
charges in such barrels being fired simultaneously.
In constructing the exterior of the said projectiles with projecting
flanges or spirals of any suitable pitch and number to impart rotary
motion to the projectiles. The projectiles are detained upon the barrel
until the impulsive force of the powder has reached the required amount
by means of a leaden plug or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW PROPELLERS USED IN STEAM SHIPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1870.
I, WILLIAM BROWN, of Saint Mary Street, in the Borough of Ports-
mouth, in the County of Southampton, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
SCREW PROPELLERS USED IN STEAM SHIPS," to be as follows:-
'
The object of this Invention is to prevent the centrifugal action of
screw propellers and to throw the water directly backwards, thereby pre-
venting vibration of the screw and after part of the ship to which it is
attached, and economizing power and fuel. I propose to accomplish these
objects by affixing to the sides of the blades of screw propellers, and near
the outer edges thereof or other suitable part of the said blades, one or
more projecting rims of metal, placed at such an angle and made of such
a shape as to confine the water on which the screw is acting and prevent
its being thrown off sideways, as is now the case, by the rotary motion of
the screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Milburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1870.
I, WILLIAM MILBURN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAWN MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
In lawn mowing machines as hitherto constructed with revolving
spiral knives acting against a fixed cutter bar there has always been
a great difficulty in cutting the long seed stalks, as the front roller of
the machine laid them flat on the ground and held them down whilst
the spiral passed over without cutting any but the short grass, and
these long seed stalks had to be cut by hand with the sythe afterwards.
My improvements are designed with a view of enabling these lawn
mowing machines to cut the long grass and seed stems without difficulty
at the same time as they cut the short grass, and consists in combining
with such machines a small finger bar and reciprocating cutters similar
to that of an ordinary reaping and mowing machine, the said finger
bar and cutters being placed in advance of the front roller of the

page_text: machine, so as to cut the long grass as usual. The cutter bar is (by
preference) caused to reciprocate by means of a crank or excentric
driven by gearing from the front roller, but it may be driven in any
other convenient manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Murray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
October 1870.
I, GILBERT MURRAY, of Derby, Land Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements consist in constructing ploughs with a back wheel
or wheels in addition to or in combination with a front wheel or wheels,
the said back wheel or wheels being situate near to the share or shares,
and the others, as usual, in advance of the share or shares, and the
said front and back wheels being mounted on front and back vertical
frames or bars respectively, which are carried by a rocking lever the
front in advance of and the back in the rear of the fulcrum thereof, so
that when the front rises the back will be depressed, and vice versâ.
The intention is to relieve the ploughman from sudden exertion and
to gain more uniformity of the depth of the cut which with the ordinary
front wheel or wheels only is much disturbed by sudden unevenness of
ground, whereas the improved plough by its system of wheels will, it

page_text: is believed, distribute the unevenness between any sudden rise or fall
at the front and the normal level at the back wheels respectively.
In performing the Invention the lever may be supported from the
beam or main frame by or on a fulcrum situate between and at unequal
distances from the front and back vertical bars supporting the wheels,
and means of adjustment for regulating the depth of cut may be
provided in the ordinary manner or otherwise.
Suitable legs or standards, also coulters or tines and shares and
breasts may be employed.