Improvements in or relating to Card-clothing.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Card-clothing.
I, ALBERT KERN of 25 Burtscheiderstrasse Aachen, in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer of Cards, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
In card-clothing prepared in the usual manner it appears as a natural con-
sequence of the stretching by mounting the same on the carding-engine rollers
that an irregular disposition of adjacent rows of teeth is occasioned, so that
alternated broad and narrow gutter-spaces are formed between the teeth.
To remedy this disadvantageous feature always more or less existent in fillet-
cards, is the object of this present invention, hereinafter described.
The importance thereof lies, in reality, not only in the finer appearance of the
card-clothing, but much more in the practical working of the same in respect of
the carding.
It is obvious that the formation of these gutters can only have a prejudicial
influence upon the working up of the spinning-material, and that the carding
process will proceed so much the more finely, regularly and favourably, the more
regular the position of the teeth in the card-clothing.
A further advantage also must be found in the fact that the tedious operation
of cleaning the card-clothing is materially facilitated and rendered less frequently
necessary by the utmost possible regularity and uniformity of distribution of the
tooth-points.
For these reasons this present improvement seems to be particularly worthy of
consideration for practical application in spinning-mills.
In the accompanying drawings;-
:
Figure 1 shows in sectional elevation and Fig. 1A in plan a fillet, prepared in
the usual manner by the card setting-engine and with its teeth in the usual
position.
Fig. 2 shows the position of the teeth of the fillet mounted (stretched) on a
cylinder ready for being dressed, i.e. ready to have the legs of the teeth adjusted
relatively to each other.
Fig. 3 represents the position of the teeth after the dressing of the teeth has
been effected.
Fig. 4 shows the position of the teeth in the fillet when the latter is unmounted
subsequently to the dressing operation.
Fig. 5 shows the new position of the tooth crowns as seen on the back of the
fillet produced by using the improvement according to this invention.
Fig. 5 shows a new type of tooth, hereinafter described, inserted in the
fillet-card.
Fig. 6 shows the new shape of the tooth before being bent.
In the normal arrangement of a fillet-card the crowns of the teeth i.e. the
cross-bar connecting the bottom ends of each two legs are placed transverse to the
length of the card. Considering now the procedure when the fillet-card is stretched
on being applied to the carding-rollers (which stretching is absolutely indispensable
for the practical application of the card to carding purposes) the width of the
fillet-card will naturally diminish according to the tension with which the fillet
card is mounted on the carding engine rollers. The necessary consequence thereof

page_text: is that a new force comes into action in the fillet-card by which, at each tooth, the
distance ab between the two tooth-legs ie. of the two holes (Fig. 1) in which the
tooth legs are retained tends to diminish so that the legs tend to approach one
another. Owing to the stiffness of the crown which unites the two legs, the above-
named tension of the fillet-card will act to cause the prejudicial approach in the
manner hereinafter indicated of the legs, which is the cause of the formation of
irregular rows or gutter-spaces on the face of the card.
In the material commonly employed as the basis of the card, that is to say
material composed of several plies of cotton or linen cloth stuck together by rubber
solution the following is the explanation of its operation in producing the gutters
aforesaid ;-
The lower plies of cloth U (Fig. 1) being less tightly strained on the carding-
engine rollers are forced owing to the stiffness of the crown between the two
tooth-legs to keep constant the original distance between the holes, whilst the
more tightly strained upper plies of cloth O draw the legs of the tooth with them
and press the same into the position shown in Fig. 2.
By the gradual relaxation of the strain in the fillet card during the period of use
on the carding engine, there will be in consequence of the elasticity of the card-
cloth a tendency for it to return to its original dimensions. This tendency
manifests itself in the alteration of the position of the holes in which the teeth
are inserted, which is influenced by the strain of the fillet-card in such respect
that the rows of teeth 2 and 3, or 4 and 5 now approach each other (Fig. 4)
provided that previously by the dressing of the teeth, in the strained condition of
the card, a regular and even distribution and arrangement of the teeth-points had
been established (as in Fig. 3).
With the relaxation of the tension, in the fillet-card the teeth will tend more or
less to assume a position such as is shown in Fig. 4 which position is prejudicial to
the carding process; and vice versa, with the renewed tension of the card, the
similarly prejudicial position shown in Fig. 2 is again resumed.
Through the said changes in the relative position of the tooth-legs i.e. through
this wandering of the same, which implies irregularity in the arrangement of the
tooth-points there must necessarily, according to the prevailing fillet-card tension,
be produced a more or less considerable formation of gutter-spaces, as indeed can
easily be demonstrated by stretching card-clothing with a testing-machine.
If on the contrary the crown of the tooth be placed at an angle of about 45°
obliquely to the direction of the length of the fillet-card as in Fig. 5, the distance ab
between the holes into which the tooth. is inserted remains always the same as
the fillet-card when put under tension, gains as much in length as it loses in
breadth. Were it only that the breadth diminished by the tension, the tooth-leg
at b (Fig. 5) relatively to that at a would alter its position to 61. But as the
fillet-card nevertheless is lengthened in corresponding measure, the tooth-leg
under the tension shifts from 6 to 62. If we insert the teeth in the direction ab at
an angle of about 45° to the direction of the band, then we shall find a 62 equal
to a b. Consequently, the distance of the holes, into which the .card-teeth are
inserted, is the same in the fillet-card under tension as in the unmounted fillet card,
and therefore the influence of the stiffness of the crowns of the teeth which in the
now usual and existing system is prejudicial and injurious in its effect is of no
effect; because in the fillet-card the tension notwithstanding, there is no longer a
tendency for the distance between the tooth-points to vary, either in diminution or
the reverse, which, similarly, is demonstrable by stretching. Moreover, the very
important regularity of arrangement of the tooth-points will last, even throughout
long-continued use, and will be the same as it was at first in the manufacture of
the fillet-card.
In contradistinction to the old forms, in this new card the tooth receives an
unequally-angled form, i.e. the parallel legs of the tooth do not form a right angle
with the crown, because regarded with reference to the longitudinal direction of
the fillet-card, i.e. the working direction, the leg of the tooth is set into the card

page_text: at an angle of about 70°, Fig. 5ª. In Fig. 6 is shown such a tooth as first
formed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is 3-
1. Card clothing wherein for the purpose of preventing the formation of gutters
the teeth are inserted in the fillet-card or card-cloth with their crowns in an
oblique position approximately at an angle of 45° to the working direction of the
cards as shown in Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings.
2. In card-clothing a tooth formed and inserted in the card substantially in the
manner exemplified in Figures 5, 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21th day of Datahov 1905
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.