IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PLAIN BOTTOMED PAPER BAGS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Coates, of the City of Carlisle, in the County
of Cumberland, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OR PLAIN BOTTOMED PAPER BAGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Coates at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1881.
"6
THOMAS COATES, of the City of Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAIN BOTTOMED
PAPER BAGS."
My improvements relate to the manufacture of paper bags from single sheets,
and of the form known in the trade as plain or straight bottomed paper bags with
side and bottom seam.
A machine constructed according to my Invention is provided with a number of
rollers which are arranged in a frame work and are made to revolve by gearing,
and I arrange means for actuating at intervals a series of levers and creasers, which,
in their turn, operate on revolving rollers in boxes containing paste from which
the creasers at each operation receive or take away on one side only a portion of
paste; on the creasers descending upon and bending the paper to form the side or
bottom seam, the paste is wiped off the creasers by the paper as it closes against
the former in the operation of folding.
The working parts of machine are attached upon two frames of wood or
other suitable material. At the top of front or middle portion of the frame is a table
or feed board having a narrow slot or opening at right angles to its length and
immediately over the centre between a pair of rollers working in bearings in frames
and underneath table lying parallel to each other and nearly the width of frames;
both revolving in the same direction. Around the first roll of this pair (which, for
distinction, I will name primary rollers) a belt is made to pass, and underneath the
second primary roll in direction backwards and over a series of guide rolls, which
I will for distinction name secondary rollers. These serve to keep the belt in
tension as well as to extend and otherwise conduct it forward in proper position in
course of its rotation.

page_text: Around the second primary roll a series of bands are made to pass, which are
kept in tension by and conducted over a set of guide pulleys in after part of frame
and immediately over the secondary rollers.
The frame of the machine is extended to the right and left of the front or middle
portion before named, and upon this extension is placed a second set of primary
and secondary rollers arranged with belt, bands, and pulleys, but at right angles to
the first set, so that the centre between the primary pair of this second set of rolls
is immediately underneath the right hand side of the belt of the first set.
set of similar rollers is placed on the extended part of the frame on the left hand
side of the middle portion and at right angles to first set of rollers, so that the
centre between the primary pair of this third set of rolls is immediately underneath
the left hand side of the belt of the first set.
A third
Upon that portion of the frame which is extended right and left of the centre or
middle inside the frame work are placed flange bars which support movable frames
with slots and set screws to vary their positions as required. These frames contain
sets of primary and secondary rollers with belt, bands, and pulleys as before
described. One of these frames is fixed on the flange bar of the right hand
extended portion of the frame and at right angles to the second set of rollers, so
that the centre between the primary pair of this fourth set of rollers is immediately
under the front side of the belt of the second set.
On the flange bar of the left hand extended portion of the frame a fifth set of
rollers, similar to the fourth set, is placed at right angles with the third set of
rollers, so that the centre between the fifth set of rollers is immediately under the
front side of the belt of the third set of rollers. Motion is imparted to the whole
of these rollers by suitable wheel gearing of required diameter placed in position on
a spindle. Motion being imparted to the first pair of primary rollers in required
direction, these cause the belt and bands to move round and give motion to the
secondary rollers and pulleys of the first set; motion is also imparted to the second
and third set of primary rollers in required direction, these cause the belts and
bands to move round and give motion to the secondary rollers and pulleys of the
second and third set of rollers, and to the fourth and fifth set of primary rollers
in required direction, which cause the belts and bands to move round, and so give
motion to the secondary rollers and pulleys of the fourth and fifth set of rollers.
On the feed board, about midway of its length at the top, are placed three slide
brackets bolted to feed board; these brackets extend forward and have grooves on
the sides, these grooved sides stand immediately over the slot or opening before
mentioned in the feed board; the slide brackets are placed, one in the centre, and
one each at equal distance away at the sides at_each_end_of_the-slot-in-the-table.
--Two-thin-plates of metal are made to work perpendicularly in the grooves of the
slide brackets, forming perpendicular slides or folders having friction roller in the
centre at top, and are held in position by springs or weights attached to the
brackets. Upon each end of the spindle on which the carrier wheel is placed, and
outside the latter on each side of front part of middle portion of frame crank levers
are made to oscillate.
The crank levers are connected at the top ends by links, these again are connected
to levers which rest on the aforesaid friction roller upon a cross stay of frame at
the top, extending from centre of feed table backward to after part of frame; a
pendant fulcrum bracket is placed in position, and attached to this are the two
creasers or levers, extending one to the right and the other to the left of cross stay,
the end creasers or levers to be immediately over the centres between the primary
pairs of second and third sets of rollers. The creasers are held in position by a
spring.
Upon the backward ends of the frames of the fourth and fifth sets of rollers are
placed fulcrum brackets, to which are attached two creasers or levers, which extend
forward to and immediately over the centre, between the primary rolls of fourth
and fifth set of rollers. These levers are held in position by springs.
Upon the frames of the second, third, fourth, and fifth set of rollers, and

page_text: immediately over the second primary rollers of each set, except the first, are placed
four oblong boxes with perforated bottoms containing paste, and partly within
which rollers are placed which are made to revolve part of a revolution at intervals.
The paste boxes have a metal plate at bottom sliding obliquely and close under the
paste roller, by which means the paste is shut off or regulated.
The creasers of the second, third, fourth, and fifth sets of primary rollers are
actuated by four other levers which are also fixed upon the friction levers extension
rod, the ends of the four levers being directly over and near the middle of each of
the four creasers, when as the former descends the latter are depressed to near the
centre between each of the four sets of primary rollers before named.
Each time the creasers rise the front sides at lower edge of metal plates come in
contact with and receive a portion of paste from the face of the paste rollers, and
which is wiped off by the paper when bent against the plates of each creaser
respectively at the time the latter forces the paper down between the second, third,
fourth, and fifth sets of primary rollers.
The Invention, as here described, constitutes a double machine and capable of
producing two bags of the same or different material, or two bags of the same or
different sizes at one and the same time. The Invention can also readily be
adapted as a single machine to make one bag only at a time, and the oblique side
or doctor at the bottom of the paste boxes together with other facilities afford ready
means whereby all ordinary sizes of straight or plain bottomed paper bags in thick
or thin paper can be made on either a single or double machine.
The machine operates as follows:-
Sheets of paper of the required form and dimensions are placed on the feed
board lengthways near the centre of sheets being over the slot in feed board and
under the perpendicular slides or folders, motion being now given the creasers
descend and bend or force the sheets downwards into the centre between first set
of primary rollers which convey them backward on the belt, the ends of each
respectively being now over the second and third primary sets of rollers; at this
point other sheets are placed on the feed board, and the operation being repeated
the creasers over the second and third sets of rollers are depressed, which bend and
force the ends of the first sheets into the centre between the second and third sets
of primary rollers, which convey them on the belt to the right and left, the sides of
cach respectively being now over the fourth and fifth primary sets of rollers; at
this point other sheets are placed on the feed board, the former ones being by this
time over second and third set of rollers.
The operation being repeated the creasers over the fourth and fifth sets of rollers
are depressed, which bend and force the sides of the first sheets into the centre
between the fourth and fifth sets of primary rollers, which convey them on the
belt between the secondary rollers of each set respectively, and the bag being now
completely formed it is delivered on to suitable receivers; at this point the sides of
the two second sheets are over the fourth and fifth sets of rollers, the ends of the
two third sheets are over the second and third sets of rollers, and fresh sheets
having been placed in position on the feed board the whole operation is repeated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Coates in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd January
1882.
THOMAS COATES, of the City of Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAIN BOTTOMED
PAPER BAGS."
My improvements relate to the manufacture of paper bags from single sheets,
and of the form known in the trade as plain or straight bottomed paper bags
with side and bottom seam, and capable of making two bags of same or different
size or material simultaneously.
A machine constructed according to my Invention is provided with endless
bands actuated by a number of rollers which are arranged in a framework and
are made to revolve by gearing, and I arrange means for actuating at intervals a
Beries of levers and creases, which in their turn operate on revolving rollers in
boxes containing paste, from which the creases at each operation receive or take
away on one side only a portion of paste; on the creasers descending upon and
bending the paper to form the side or bottom seam, the paste is wiped off the
creasers by the paper as it closes against the former in the operation of folding.
The working parts of such a double or double acting machine are attached upon
two frames of wood or other suitable material. At the top of front or middle
portion of the frame is a table or feed board having a narrow slot or opening at
right angles to its depth or length, and situated immediately over the centre
between a pair of rollers working in bearings in frames and underneath table,
lying parallel to each other and nearly the width of frames, both revolving in the
same direction. Around the first roll of this pair (which for distinction I will
name primary rollers) a belt or bands are made to pass, and underneath the second
primary roll in direction backwards and over a series of guide rolls, which I will
for distinction name secondary rollers. These serve to keep the belt in tension, as
well as to extend and otherwise conduct it forward in proper position in course of
its rotation.
--Around the second primary roll a belt or series of bands are made to pass,
which are kept in tension by and conducted-over-a-set. of guide pulleys in the
after part of the frame, and immediately over the secondary rollers. The frame
of the machine is extended to the right and left of the front or middle portion
before named, and upon this extension is placed a second set of primary and
secondary rollers arranged with belt bands and pulleys, but at right angles to the
first set, so that the centres between the primary pair of this second set of rolls is
immediately underneath the right hand side of the belt or band of the first set.
A third set of similar rollers is placed on the extended part of the frame on the
left hand side of middle portion and at right angles to the third set of rollers,.so
that the centre between the primary pair of this third set of rolls is immediately
underneath the left hand side of the belt of the first set.
Upon that portion of the frame which is extended right and left of the centre
or middle inside the framework are placed flange bars, which support frames with
slots and set screws, so as to be movable to vary their positions as required for
different sizes of bags; or instead of the adjustable frames I may use adjustable
stops.
These frames contain sets of primary and secondary rollers with belts or bands
and pullies, as before described. One of these frames is fixed on the flange bar of
the right hand extended portion of the frame and at right angles to the second set
of rollers, so that the centre between the primary pair of this fourth set of rollers
is immediately under the front side of the belt of the second set. On the flange

page_text: bar of the left hand extended portion of the frame a fifth set of rollers, similar to
the fourth set, is placed at right angles with the third set of rollers, so that the
centre between the fifth set of rollers is immediately under the front side of the
belt of the third set of rollers. Motion is imparted to the whole of these rollers by
suitable wheel gearing. Motion being imparted to the first pair of primary rollers
in required direction, these cause the belt or bands to move round and give motion
to the secondary rollers and pulleys of the first set; motion is also imparted to
the second and third set of primary rollers in required directions. These cause the
belts or bands to move round and give motion to the secondary rollers and pullies
of the sccond and third set of rollers, and to the fourth and fifth set of primary
rollers in required direction, which cause the belts or bands to move round and so
give motion to secondary rollers and pullies of the fourth and fifth set of rollers.
On the feed board, about midway of its length at the top, are placed three slide
brackets bolted to its feed board, these brackets extend forward, and have grooves
on the sides. These grooved sides stand immediately over the slot or opening
before mentioned in the feed board. The slide brackets are placed one in the
centre, and one each at equal distance away at the sides at each end of the slot in
the table.
Two thin plates of metal are made to work perpendicularly in the grooves of
the slide brackets, forming perpendicular slides of folders having friction roller in
the centre at top, and are held in position by springs or weights attached to the
brackets. Upon each end of the spindle on which the carrier wheel is placed, and
outside the latter on each side of front part of middle portion of frame, crank levers
are made to oscillate.
The crank levers are connected at the top ends by links; these again are connected
to levers which rest on the aforesaid friction roller.
Or instead of the vertically guided creaser plates I may use oscillating levers
fitting with creaser plates. Upon a cross stay of frame at the top, extending from
centre of feed table backward to after part of frame, a pendant fulcrum bracket or
hanger is placed in position, and attached to this are the two creasers or levers
extending one to the right and the other to the left of cross stay, the end creasers
or levers to be immediately over the centres between the primary pair of second
and third sets of rollers. The creasers are held in position by a spring, and serve
to fold over the end flap of the paper.
Upon the backward ends of the frames of the fourth and fifth sets of rollers are
placed fulcrum brackets, to which are attached two creasers or levers, which extend
forward to and immediately over the centre between the. primary rolls of fourth
and fifth set of rollers. The levers are held in position by springs, and serve to
fold over the side flap of the paper.
Upon the frames of the second, third, fourth, and fifth set of rollers, and imme-
diately over the second primary rollers of each set, except the first, are placed four
oblong boxes with perforated bottoms containing paste, and partly within which
rollers are placed which are made to revolve part of a revolution at intervals.
The paste boxes have a metal plate bottom sliding obliquely and close under the
paste roller, by which means the paste is shut off or regulated according to the
different sizes of bags to be made; or I may use oblique adjustable slides in
the paste box for the same purpose.
The creasers of the second, third, fourth, and fifth sets of primary rollers are
actuated by four other levers, which are also fixed upon the friction levers extension
rod, the ends of the four levers being directly over and near the middle of each of
the four creasers, when as the former descends the latter are depressed to near the
centre between each of the four sets of primary rollers before named.
Each time the creasers rise the front side at lower edge of metal plates come in
contact with and receive a portion of paste from the face of the paste rollers, and
which is wiped off by the paper when bent against the plates of each creaser
respectively at the time the latter forces the paper down between the second, third,
fourth, and fifth sets of primary rollers.

page_text: The Invention as here described constitutes a double machine, and capable of
producing two bags of the same or different material, or two bags of the same or
different sizes at one and the same time.
The Invention can also readily be adapted as a single machine to make one bag
only at a time.
In order that my improvements may be clearly understood, reference is given to
the accompanying Sheets of Drawings which are intended by means of plain and
dotted lines to illustrate all parts of such a single machine, also details of some of
the more intricate parts.
Figure 1 is an end elevation; Figure 2 is a front elevation; Figure 3 is a plan
of machinery constructed according to my Invention; and Figure 3A is a vertical
part section on line a, a, Figure 3.
Figure 4 is an end elevation, Figure 5 is a side elevation; Figure 6 is a plan
of paste box; there are two such boxes of similar construction, but of different
lengths.
Figure 7 is an end elevation; Figure a plan, and Figure 9, a front elevation
of creaser; Figure 10 shows a piece of paper cut to the required shape for a straight
bottom bag; Figure 11 shows the paper folded across by the first operation of the
machine; Figures 12 and 13 show the paper after the two next operations; and
Figure 13 show the paper after the fourth or last operation, that is, in the form of
a finished bag. A, A, A, Figures 1, 2, and 3, are frames connected by cross stays B,
Figures 1, 2, and 5. C, Figures 1 and 2, is a table or feed board; it is formed with
a narrow slot M2, upon which is placed a movable guide CA, Figures 1 and 2;
placed in the front of frame, and in proper position, is a double cranked driving
shaft D, Figures 1, 2, and 3, attached to frame by and working in plummer
blocks E, Figure 2. The treadle Z imparts motion to the shaft D by two con-
necting rods Y, and taking on to the cranks of the same; the treadle oscillates on
the pivots A¹. Upon the end of the driving shaft, and inside of frame to right, is
placed a V grooved pulley F, Figures 2 and 3, which by gut band Os imparts
motion to the wheel gearing of third pair of primary rollers C³ and pressure
rollers G³; and on the end of driving shaft outside of frame to the left is placed a
V grooved pulley G, Figures 1, 2, and 3, and attached to which is a spur pinion H,
Figures 1 and 2; also outside of spur pinion on driving shaft to the left is placed a
fly wheel I, Figures 1, 2, and 3; and on driving shaft to the left outside of spur
pinion, should power be used, are placed driving pulleys J, shown in dotted lines
in Figures 2 and 3. K is a second motion shaft, Figures 1 and 2, working in
plummer blocks L; upon the right end of shaft K inside of frame is fixed a surface
tappet or cam-M-for-actuating the paste rollers K and K, which are working in
the open bottom of the paste boxes K³ and K.
On the left end of shaft K, outside of frame, is fixed a channel cam N for
actuating the creasers L2, V2, and J³; a spur wheel O, Figures 1, 2, and 3, geared
into pinion H, imparts motion to the shaft K. Pis a pulley shaft, Figures 1 and 2,
working in bearings on the left end of shaft P; outside of frame is a grooved
pulley R, and on the right end of shaft P inside of frame is fixed a mitre wheel S,
Figures 2 and 3, which imparts motion to second pair Q of primary rollers; above
the shaft P is placed a roller T, and above this, near the top, are placed the first
pair of primary rollers U, Figures 1, 2, and 3, working in spring bearing brackets V,
bolted to front part of frame; upon the spindles of first pair of primary rollers U
to the left inside of bracket are fixed spur wheels W, Figures 2 and 3, geared into
one another, and upon the left end of the spindle of the first primary roller is a
grooved pulley X, to which motion is imparted from the grooved pulley G on
shaft D by gut band D2. Fixed in cross stays B, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, are
the two paste boxes K³, K³, one for pasting the side seam and the other for pasting
the end or bottom seam. K, K, are their respective rollers, which by ratchet
wheels receive intermittent partial revolution; within the paste boxes are
oblique slides A4, A5, which are adjustable in position by means of the clamps B as
required for different sizes of bags. P³, P, P2, are stops which are adjustable

page_text: according to the size of bag required. B³, B3, B³, are other similar stops, also
adjustable for a similar purpose. Both sets of stops are fitted to slotted bars P2A
and B³ respectively, which have each a slot in the part or leg by which it is
attached respectively to one of the cross stays B.
N2, N3, are bands passing round the pair of rollers U, the roller T, and the
guide or tension rollers 0%, which are supported in bearings 0³, 04, and O³; the
bands N pass through the stops P2 which stop or retain the paper in the required
position until the creaser V descends and folds over the end flap of the paper and
pastes it down; Z2, Z3, are other bands which work in a direction at right angles
to that of the bands N2, and serve to convey the paper to the next or last creaser J³
which folds over and pastes down the slide flap of the now finished bag. The
bands Z pass through the stops B³, which have a similar function as the stops P³.
The bands Z are held in tension by the guide rollers A³, which are supported in
brackets AA; Q3, Q³, are a second pair of primary rollers which are supported
in spring bearings Q24, and geared together by spur wheels S³, and are driven by
mitre wheels S from the shaft P; N³, N³, are the final delivery bands, and G³
pressure rollers therefor; GA is a delivery shoot.
The feed board C is attached to frame at top by brackets B³, Figures 1 and 3,
and by stays C2, Figures 1 and 2. The gut band D³, Figures 1, 2, and 3, is held
in tension by pulleys E fixed on cross stays B of frame, Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Bolted on outside of frames at left hand, a bracket F, Figures 1 and 2, carries an
oscillating bell crank G2, to one end of which motion is imparted by the aforesaid
channel cam N on second motion shaft K. A connecting rod H, Figures 1 and 3,
and its other end imparts motion to lever I, causing shaft J to oscillate, and
upon this shaft are fixed levers K, Figures 1, 2, and 3, which are connected at
front ends by creaser plate LP, thus imparting up and down motion thereto.
Bolted under cross stays B on the left outside of frame are hanger brackets T³
Figure 2, to which is attached a double lever U2, Figures 2 and 3, on other end of
which is fixed the creaser plate V2, Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, and 9.
The creaser plate is in front of and parallel with paste roller K' and box K³,
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, from which it receives a portion of paste, but on one
side only.
Between the two sides of the lever U is a cross-stay to which is attached a
connecting rod X*, the other end of which is connected with lever Y' on shaft Js
upon the oscillating of which the creaser plate D descends and ascends.
The third pair of primary rollers C³ are supported by spring bearing
brackets CSA
Upon the right hand ends of the spindles of rollers C³ and geared into each
other are spur wheels D³ which are also geared into intermediate spur wheel E³
to which a pulley is attached; wheel E³ again gears with spur wheels F³, F³,
Figures 1 and 2, geared also into each other, and which are fixed on right hand
ends of spindles of pressure rollers G³, wheels E³, and rollers G³ are also supported
by brackets CSA on cross stay B.
To the right at back of frame are upright brackets H³, Figure 3, to which is
attached the double lever I³ Figures 1 and 3, and on other end of which is fixed
creaser plate J, Figures 1, 2, and 8.
This creaser plate is in front of and parallel with paste roller KA, and box K³,
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, from which it receives a portion of paste, but on one
side only. Between the two sides of the lever I³ is a cross stay to which is
attached connecting rod L, Figures 1, 2, and 3, other end of which is connected
with lever M³ on shaft J° by the oscillating of which the creaser plate Js descends
and ascends.
Motion is imparted to wheel E by means of the pulley attached thereto, and
which is driven from shaft D by means of gut band O³, Figures 1, 2, and 3, which
passes over and is held in tension by pullies P³, Figures and 3; in this way
motion is imparted by wheel E³ to rollers C³ and G³.
The paste rollers K and K in boxes K³ and K³ are both worked by ratchet

page_text: wheels Q, Figures 2, 4, 5, and 6, to which motion is given by connecting rods R³
and R respectively, Figure 1, attached to tappet lever S³, Figures 1, 2, 3,
oscillating on bracket Ts. Motion is given to lever S3 by tappet M, against the
face of which it is held by spiral spring Us, Figures 1, 2, and 3. Upon the creaser
plates V2 of lever Us and 13 are lever binges V³, Figures 2, 7, 8, and 9, and which
are hung on pins fixed on the levers; these are held in position by spiral spring W³,
Figures 2 and 7; upon the levers U2 and 13 being raised by oscillation of shaft J²,
the hinges V³ come in contact with stops X³, Figures 2 and 3, which cause the
plates V2 and J³ to come in contact with paste rollers K* and K. The stops X³
are attached to stays Y³, Figures 1, 2, and 3, bolted to cross stay B at right side of
frame. The paste boxes K³ and K5 are bolted to cross stays B, Figure 3, by
bearing brackets Z³, Figures 3, 4, and 5; the adjustable oblique slides A³,
Figures 3 and 6, are held in position in the paste box by clamps B, Figures 2, 3,
and 4.
The machine operates as follows:-
A sheet of paper, such for instance as that shown at Figure 10, cut to the usual
form for a plain straight bottom bag to be made therefrom and of the required size,
is placed lengthways on the feed board C, so that the slot M³ comes near the centre
of the sheet. When the machine is put in motion by means of the treadle Z the
shaft J³ is made to oscillate, which causes the lever K2 with first creaser plate L² to
descend through the slot M², thus folding the paper transversely on the dotted
line a, a, Figure 10, and forcing it between and into the bite of the first primary
rollers U, whereby and by and between the bands N the folded sheet of paper,
which has now the form shown at Figure 11, is carried along and to and retained
against the stops P². At this time the unfolded end of the transversely folded
paper is over the second pair of primary rollers Q².
The creaser plate V2 now descends and folds over the end flap b of the paper,
bringing the latter into the bite of the rollers Q, the paste on one side of the
creaser plate V2 being wiped off by and thus transferred to this part of the paper.
The paper which is now of the form shown at Figure 12 is then conveyed along
by and between the bands 22 in a direction at right angles to its previous movement,
and up to the stops B³ which retain the paper. This latter is now over the third
pair of the primary rollers C³, and under the creaser plate J³, which in descending
folds over the side flap C of the paper, bringing the same into the bite of the
rollers C³, the paste on one side of the creaser plate J3 being wiped off by and
thus transferred to this part of the paper. The paper is now in the form of a
finished bag,.as-shown-at Figure 13, and is carried forward by the bands N³, which
pass it between the pressure rollers G³ on to the shoot GSA, and thence to a suitable
receiver.
In conclusion I would remark that this machine is adjustable in all necessary
parts, so as to be capable of manufacturing plain or straight bottom bags of various
sizes and shapes in many kinds of paper.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which it is to be performed, I would have it clearly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details, proportions, or
dimensions of the various forms of mechanism herein described and illustrated,
which may be varied or modified without departing from the Invention; I may
thus, for instance, by a modified arrangement of parts, fold over the unfolded side
of the transversely folded paper before folding over the end instead of as
berein before more particularly described folding over the end first; but I claim as
my improvements in the manufacture of paper bags and machinery connected
therewith,-
First. The manufacture of plain or straight bottom bags by means of machinery
in which the paper previously cut to the required shape is folded transversely
near the middle, and then pasted and folded over at the end, and then at the side
(or vice versa at the side and then at the end).
Second. The manufacture of straight bottom bags by means of machinery in

page_text: which the paper, previously cut to the required shape, is folded transversely near
the middle, and then pasted and folded over at the end and then at the side (or
vice versa at the side and then at the end), and in which the paste boxes and
conveying bands or belts have adjustable appliances, so that bags of various sizes
may be made on the same machine.
Third. The combination of parts forming the straight bottom bag making
machine as described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The oblique guides for adjusting the deposit of the paste on the paste
rollers, and the adjustable stops in connection with the conveying bands, by which
means bags of different sizes and forms can be made on one and the same machine,
as described and shown.
In witness whereof, I the said Thomas Coates, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twentieth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
THOMAS COATES. (L.S.)