matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING CARRIAGE SPRINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cary at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1864.
I, WILLIAM CARY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Carriage
Spring Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING CARRIAGE
SPRINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of carriage springs by the com-
bination of certain known mechanism in one compact machine, by which
means the process of manufacture is considerably accelerated. The Invention
consists in the combination of shearing, punching, slotting, and nibbing
apparatus to form one machine or tool, all of which are of the ordinary con-
struction as now used separately; but in order to economize space and time
I combine them together, and so arrange them that they are driven by one
shaft, on which are cams or eccentrics for moving the cutting, punching,
slotting, and nibbing tools. The sheet of steel is first cut into the required
width and length by the shears actuated by a cam; it is then placed beneath
the descending punch or cutter, which punches or slots the necessary holes ;
the plate has now to be indented or "nibbed," which forms elevations or
depressions in each plate, by which means they are retained in position; these
indentations are formed by suitably shaped tools descending in vertical slides
and acting on the plate. The tapering of the ends of the plates is effected by
passing them between a pair of eccentric rollers on the cam shaft, which

page_text: press unevenly and so taper the two ends and leave the centre portion thicker,
in which state they are ready for securing together by hand to form the "plate
spring." The Diagram annexed will shew how the various mechanism is
combined for forming the plate of a spring as shewn, a being the shears for
cutting the plate from the bar of metal; b, the punch for punching the centre
hole b; c is the instrument for forming the opening c', termed "nibbing ;"
d is the tool for slotting the slots d¹; and e, e, are the eccentric rollers for
tapering the ends of the plates, these being all worked by one eccentric or
cam on the main driving shaft f, after which the plates of the spring have
their tapered ends cut by the shears g to the length required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING SHIPS' PUMPS, AND FOR PREVENTING VESSELS FROM FOUNDERING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Heckethorn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1864.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM HECKETHORN, of Park Road, Peckham, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING SHIPS' PUMPS, AND FOR
PREVENTING VESSELS FROM FOUNDERING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means and appa-
ratus for working ships' pumps, and for preventing vessels from foundering
at sea in case of leakage, or other damage. 1 propose to construct and fix on
the deck of the ship or vessel suitable standards or uprights, for the purpose
of holding in bearings a crank shaft; this shaft is for the purpose of
working the ships' pumps in the ordinary manner of operating by cranks and
connecting rods; but in order to obtain motive power necessary for the
purpose I attach to the middle of the shaft a series of windmill sails or fans
in a vertical position, so that their revolution shall cause the rotation of the
shaft. The windmill sails may, however, be arranged in a horizontal position
if more convenient, and be made to drive the shaft by bevelled gearing or
toothed wheels. In addition to the water pumps I propose to use a pump or
pumps for forcing air, such pump being also worked by the crank shaft; the
object of such air pump is to inflate a series of flexible bags or receivers,
which are placed in the cabins or other vacant spaces in the vessel; these
bags are folded up, or kept in an empty or collapsed state, so as not to

page_text: occupy much space, and are connected with the force pump by means of
flexible tubes or hose. The objects of these arrangements is, that when a
vessel is in a sinking state, or in danger of foundering from a leak which
the pumps cannot keep down, the bags may be inflated with air from the
force pumps, and thereby prevent the vessel from actually sinking below the
surface of the water. These bags may also be attached to the upper deck
within the gunwales.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Mathieu Steinbach at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
August 1864.
I, JEAN MATHIEU STEINBACH, of 51, Rue de Malte, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the ordinary mode of actuating parts of or instruments used in
sewing machines has been by a pin or stud working in a groove in a cam,
whereas according to my Invention I employ for the purpose a cam or an
excentric in contact with and thereby driving a wheel or roller on an arm,
lever, or piece which carries or is connected with the part or instrument to be
actuated. I employ three screws, whereby I regulate the movements of the
foot or presser and the feed motion, namely, first, the up and down travel of
the foot or presser, secondly, its descent and hence its pressure on the fabric,
and thirdly, its lateral travel or the feed motion, whereby the travel of the
fabric and hence the length or distance of the stitches are regulated. These
screws are so placed that they may be adjusted without stopping the machine.
I insert the needle in the clip of the needle carrier at the side instead of from
underneath, and as the parts get worn the grooves are tightened up by screws.
I actuate the shuttle hook, hooked needle, or thread carrier by a roller or
wheel working in a curved guide. I connect two shuttles, hooks, hooked needles,.
or carriers together, namely, one for a single thread, with one for two threads or
a double thread, and mount them on the same axis or frame, so that by turning
this compound piece partly round, the shuttle, hook, hooked needle, or thread

page_text: carrier required will be brought into use and the one not required will by the
same motion be moved out of the way without either having to be unscrewed
or unfastened. I regulate or equalize the tension of the thread as it is being
delivered off the bobbin by a pad, cushion, or break, which bears against the
bobbin and shifts as the thread unwinds, thereby relieving the spring which
exerts pressure under the bobbin.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CALENDERING, MANGLING, OR FINISHING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Duncan Stewart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1864.
I, DUNCAN STEWART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CALENDERING, MANGLING, OR FINISHING," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for object increased simplicity, efficiency, and con-
venience in apparatus for calendering, mangling, or finishing, and it consists
in obtaining the pressure required in such apparatus by means of pistons or
rams acted upon by water, steam, air, or other fluid and acting upon levers,
which levers communicate the pressure, by preference, in an increased ratio to
the rollers or bowls.
In one modification a single hydraulic cylinder, with its ram acting
upwards, is set centrally at the base of the apparatus, and two levers centred at
their outer ends have their inner ends pressed up by the ram, whilst connecting
links or rods near their centres act on the bearings of the rollers and bear
them up. When the pressure is relieved, the lower roller or rollers descend
by their own weight, thus facilitating the withdrawal of the material operated
upon. If preferred, however, the parts may be arranged to pull, bear, or
press the rollers downwards, or in any other convenient direction.

page_text: The details are obviously susceptible of much variation, but the essential
feature of the Invention is the combining of hydraulic or fluid-pressure
apparatus with levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR RECEPTACLES FOR MATCHES, STAMPS, CARDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Betjemann, George William
Betjemann, and John Betjemann at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd October 1864.
We, GEORGE BETJEMANN, GEORGE WILLIAM BETJEMANN, and JOHN
BETJEMANN, all of Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex, Desk and
Dressing Case Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR RECEPTACLES FOR MATCHES, STAMPS,
CARDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing cases or receptacles for matches,
stamps, cards, and other articles of two cylindrical, oval, or other conveniently
shaped cases, one of which is made to slide within the other. The outer case
is closed at one end, and the inner case at both ends; a recess is formed in
that end of the inner case which comes against the closed end of the outer
cases to receive a spiral or other spring. A portion of the side of the inner
case is removed in order that matches, stamps, cards, or other articles
may be placed therein and taken out as required. One of the cases carries
a pin or stud which slides in a slot in the other case and acts as a guide. To
close the case the inner case is pushed into the outer case to the further end
thereof, when a spring catch takes into a hole in the inner case and holds it;
then, to open the case, press down a button or stud to release the catch, when
the spiral or other spring will force out the inner case and expose the articles
therein. The slot before mentioned does not extend to the end of the case,
so that the inner case is prevented coming out altogether.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Adams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1864.
I, ROBERT ADAMS, of King William Street, in the City of London, Gun
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows :-
The first part of my Invention consists in constructing breech-loading
revolving fire-arms, so that revolving chambers may be applied thereto,
arranged for being charged or loaded with suitable cartridges at the breech
end of such chambers, or such revolving fire-arms may, when desired, have
revolving chambers applied thereto suitable for being loaded at the muzzle
end of such revolving chambers as is well understood.
For this purpose the metal frame of a revolving fire-arm constructed
according to this part of my Invention, has a moveable shield applied thereto,
for the purpose of closing up the ends of the revolving chambers arranged
and employed in combination therewith, capable of being charged or loaded
at the rear or breech end with cartridges suitable for being exploded by
the hammer acting on a central pin at the end thereof, or otherwise as is well
understood. When it is desired to use the revolving fire-arm with chambers
capable of being loaded at the muzzle end of such chambers with cartridges
or ordinary ammunition, then the portable shield and revolving chambers
used therewith as previously described are removed, and a set of revolving
chambers arranged with "nipples," are substituted therefor. The end of

page_text: the hammer of the piece and the opening in the back of the frame are
suitably constructed for exploding either the cartridge or cap as the case
may be. A part of the shield is cut away on one side thereof (by preference
the right hand) forming an opening through which the chambers are charged
and the exploded cartridges forced out by the ramrod. A lever ramrod
is arranged so as to be capable of elongation and adjustment, in order to
render it suitable either for forcing out the exploded cartridges from the breech-
loading chambers, or for ramming home the charge when the muzzle-loading
chambers are employed.
The second part of my Invention consists in constructing the barrel stock.
and lock frame and trigger guard of revolving fire-arms of one piece of metal,
the lock and action being suitably constructed for being let into the frame
on one side and covered in by a moveable plate, by which the arrangement
and construction of revolving fire-arins of this character is greatly simplified
and reduced in cost.
In carrying out this part of my improvements, I prefer to cast or otherwise
form the barrel and frame in which the breech chambers are arranged, to
revolve together with the trigger guard, in one piece, gun metal, German
silver, or malleable cast iron being preferred by me when cast metal is
employed for this purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FENCES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF WIRE, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Owen Greening, Joseph
Greening, and Henry Shield, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st October 1864.
We, EDWARD OWEN GREENING and JOSEPH GREENING, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Wire Manufacturers, and HENRY
SHIELD, of the same Place, Wire Worker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FENCES AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF WIRE, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME,"
to be as follows:-
The first improvement consists in preparing a number of small wires so as
to form on each of them a series of loops. This may be done by coiling the
wire spirally, and then flattening it out by passing between rollers or other-
wise. The small looped wires so prepared are slipped on to longitudinal
wires placed side by side at suitable distances apart; cross wires are then
slipped through the loops of the small wires so as to form meshes of any
required size.
The second improvement consists in machinery or apparatus for closing up
and consolidating work made by the above or by any other process of the like
nature. This is effected in the following manner :-A number of washers or
other equivalents are placed near together on a rail or frame, so that when the
longitudinal wires with the lacing wires upon them are passed through or
between them the said wires become tightened closely together.
The third improvement consists in connecting the machinery above
described, or other machinery for making wirework, to a travelling carriage,

page_text: or connecting the longitudinal wires only to a travelling carriage while the
machine remains stationary, and in giving to the machine or carriage a
positive uniform motion by a drum and chains or ropes, or other equivalents,
so as to ensure perfect straightness and regularity in the work produced by
the above or other process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF OTHER CYLINDRICAL BODIES, PLATES, HOOPS, BARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Whitley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1864.
I, JOSEPH WHITLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Brassfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF OTHER CYLINDRICAL BODIES, PLATES, HOOPS, BARS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce wheels and other articles com-
posed of cast or malleable cast iron, steel, or other metallic substances, more
perfect than is possible by existing methods. I effect this in great measure
if not entirely by causing the mould of the wheel or other article required to
revolve at a suitable speed during the time the metal is being poured in.
In some cases I prefer to retain the mould stationary, applying a sufficient
amount of heat to it by any convenient method to take off the chill, and whilst
in that state I pour in the metal, causing the same to rotate as it enters by
means of a revolving "runner" or "gate."
In cases where I wish to make the casting more particularly dense
I cause (by means of ordinary mechanical appliances,) both the mould
and the "runner" or
" gate "to revolve during the process of casting,
either in opposite directions or in the same direction, but at different
speeds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER COP TUBES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ambler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
January 1864.
I, WILLIAM AMBLER, of Keighley, in the County of York, Paper Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PAPER COP TUBES," to be as follows:-
Cop tubes when formed of paper are generally produced by the rolling of
the paper on a suitable mandril from sheets of the paper, which are in width
equal to the length of the intended tubes, and when the tubes are produced
both ends are alike, and inconvenience is experienced in the use of the yarn from
such cop tubes by the difficulty in ascertaining which end to draw off from,
and the object of my improvements is to form such cop tubes with one end dis-
tinguished from the other. For this purpose, according to one method, I colour
one end of each cop tube with some colour distinguishable from that of the other
part of the cop tube, and this colouring I apply in the following manner :-
I place several of the slips of paper to form cop tubes one over the other,
with the edges to be coloured projecting each a little forward of that next
above, when by a brush the colour may be readily laid to form a band equal in
thickness to the extent of the lap. I do not, however, confine myself to this
method, and the lines or other marks may be obtained by printing or by

page_text: dipping the ends of the formed tubes in the indicating medium. A like
effect may be obtained by paper or other material of a different colour being
applied at one end of such tubes. By these means the yarns wound on
to such cop tubes may more readily be drawn off in the weaving, all in the
same direction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CERTAIN KINDS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1864.
I, THOMAS WILSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CERTAIN KINDS OF CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to cabs and other two-wheeled carriages, and has for
its object to obtain more room in the body of the carriage, and greater facility
and safety in entering and leaving the carriage.
I will describe my Invention with reference to a cab:-I make the sides
of the cab inclined to one another, so that the end at which the doors are
situated is wider than the other end. By this construction greater room for
entering the cab is obtained. The wider or entrance end may either be at
front or back of the cab. I make two doors to the cab, the said doors being
situated at the wide end of the cab. The said doors are not hinged to the
sides of the cab, but to an upright forming the extreme end of the cab, and
midway between the sides of the cab. The doors when closed form with each
other a nearly right angle, and they form obtuse angles with the sides of the
cab, against which they respectively shut. In opening the doors they are
thrown outwards, and the cab may be entered from either side. When the
doors are at the back of the cab, I connect with each of them moveable steps
or foot plates, which are drawn out and closed by the opening and closing of
the doors. When the doors are at the front of the cab the steps are stationery.

page_text: The driver's seat is fixed at the back of the cab. When the doors are at the
back, the driver has direct command of them from his seat; when they are
in front, levers or handles working along the top of the cab enable him to
open or close the doors without descending from his seat. Although I prefer
placing the driver's seat behind, as described, yet the said seat may be placed
in front. When the doors are at front I make the junction of the shafts
angular instead of semicircular, and I also make the dashboard angular, so
as to permit the doors to open flat against the said dashboard. I fix the
seat in the interior of the cab, by preference across the cab, as usual, and I
provide the wheels with guard plates or boards to protect the passenger from
dirt in entering and leaving the cab.
My Invention consists, further, in making cabs and carriages double, that is
to say, I combine the two modes of construction described in one carriage,
the said double carriage carrying four persons, two being seated in front and
two behind, the occupants being seated back to back. The carriage has four
doors and two wheels, and the driver's seat may either be placed in front or
behind.
AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas John Joseph Greer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1864.
I, THOMAS JOHN JOSEPH GREER, of 16, South Anne Street, in the City of
Dublin, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR," to be as follows:-
This ventilator consists of a semi-cylinder of fine copper or other wire gauze
or perforated metal, which is fixed permanently at its upper edge to the
outside of the bead of the window frame at the top of the window, the air
being filtered on passing through the minute reticulations on its ingress and
egress. India-rubber packing is employed to prevent the air from entering
by any other opening than that of the ventilator. This ventilator is both
cheap and effective, and being a fixture, and having no connection with either
sash of the window, it cannot be displaced or put out of order, no part being
moveable. Two distinct currents of air pass through the ventilator at the
same time, the vitiated air going out at the upper part, and fresh air coming
in through the lower part of the ventilator. A bar consisting of a piece of
strong wire, which forms the joint between the two pieces of copper gauze,
forming the semi-cylinder through which the upper and lower currents pass,
has the effect of neutralizing the air in the centre of the ventilator. This
ventilator can be readily adapted by screws to any existing window or car-
riage, and presents an ornamental appearance on the outside. It may be
brought in action or not at pleasure, and its area increased or diminished by
opening or closing the sash more or less.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephenson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1864.
I, JOHN STEPHENSON, of Mary-le-bone, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is an apparatus to be attached to the ends of the ribs of
umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades, for securing the edge of the silk, cotton,
alpaca, or other fabric of which the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is made.
My Invention consists in a small hollow cap, composed of japanned metal,
bright metal, or any other suitable material, and made in any ornamental
design. The upper portion of the hollow in the said cap is to be made with
a female screw to fit a corresponding screw on the extremity of the ribs of the
umbrella, parasol, or sunshade. The said cap may also be made of indian
rubber, or gutta percha, or other equally elastic material, but in this case the
screws would be dispensed with. The lower portion of the said cap is to be
made large, so as to embrace the silk, cotton, alpaca, or other fabric, which is
to be secured by pinching the cap by means of a pincers or other suitable
apparatus.
My Invention also refers to rendering the silk, alpaca, or other fabric of
which the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is made thicker and stronger, and
consequently less likely to wear down the fold between the ribs, as is usually

page_text: This I effect by applying a strip of indian rubber solution or other
waterproof solution, or a strip of chemically prepared waterproof fabric on the
inside between the ribs, either in a liquid state, or by the application of heat
or other processes known in the trade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING GAS LAMPS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Ebdy and Matthew
Burdon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th July 1864..
We, THOMAS CHARLES EBDY, Architect and Surveyor, and MATTHEW BURDON,.
Medical Student, both of the City of Durham, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR
LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING GAS LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the means of and appa..
ratus for lighting and extinguishing gas lamps, whereby the ordinary means
of lighting and extinguishing such lamps may be dispensed with, and the
objects accomplished by a simultaneous movement caused by the application
and action of electricity. We propose to apply around and below the burner
of the lamp four or more or less pieces of soft iron or any other metal or
metals, coiled around with insulated copper wire or other conducting wire
after the manner of constructing electro-magnets, such wire being con-
nected by suitable connecting wires to the positive and negative poles of a
galvanic battery or other generator of electricity. The wire from one magnet
in a lamp passes down the post and along the earth, or from lamp to lamp,
above ground to the next lamp, and so on, and is either conducted ultimately
to the battery, or the circuit is completed by the earth. Below the magnets
are placed sliding armatures, so that when the current is established they
rise to the magnets and carry a pinion on a wheel upwards, thus turning on
the gas tap in connection with the wheel. Another slide above the armatures.
moves a spiral wire around the tube of the burner in connection with a

page_text: platinum wire extending to the top of the burner. This platinum wire
is rendered red or white hot by the passage of the electric current and ignites
the gas.
When it is desired to extinguish the whole series of lamps, the current is
cut off, the armatures, the slides, and spiral wires fall simultaneously by their 5
own weight, the taps become shut off, and the lamps extinguished.
By this Invention any number of street or other lamps may be lighted and
extinguished in a town or city at almost one and the same moment, thus dis-
pensing with personal attendance at any of the lamps.
AN IMPROVED BOX FOR. PRESERVING VELVETS, RIBANDS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th:
December 1864.-A communication from abroad by Julien le Priol, of
No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,.
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOX FOR.
PRESERVING VELVETS, RIBANDS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," (a communication to me
from abroad by Julien le Priol, of No.. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries,, Paris,.
France,) to be as follows:-
Hitherto velvet, whether for dresses or trimmings, has been folded in
different ways, but always uncovered, and deposited in bandboxes, the result
being that if it is placed in a damp place it mildews or rots; if the piece falls
into some dirty spot it spoils and loses its lustre, and when it is unfolded for
retailing it twists and gets rumpled, so that the velvet which remains six
months in the retail shop no longer bears comparison with that freshly issued
from the manufactory. The improved box or bandbox, the subject of this
Invention, will obviate these inconveniences; it is made the size of the piece
it is to receive, is flat on its two faces, and rounded at the two ends, in order
that the piece of velvet may preserve a perfectly graceful form. The top of
the box opens and shuts with a hinge like a snuff box, which arrangement
permits the placing of the piece of velvet within it, and its inspection at
pleasure. On the front side of the said box is a long slit, by which one of

page_text: the ends of the piece of velvet passes to the outside; thus it is only necessary
to pull this end to pull out the quantity of velvet required, and the piece of
velvet or riband remains unto the end in the box from which there is with-
drawn each time but the quantity sold. An india-rubber spring similar to that
used for raising the window blinds of a carriage might be used to draw back
into the box any excess of velvet which might be pulled out through the slit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1864.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, Engineer, of 57, Wells Street, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to such printing machines as print
upon a continuous web or roll of paper; that cut the paper when printed
from said roll into sheets of the required length, and afterwards pack or pile
said sheets in a convenient manner for removal; but parts of the Invention
are applicable to machines for other purposes which also make use of
continuous paper, and where it is necessary to cut the same into given lengths
and afterwards to pack or pile said lengths when so cut.
The present Invention has reference to an improvement on parts of the
Invention for " Improvements in Printing Presses and Apparatus connected
therewith," for which Letters Patent were granted to Jeptha Amery
Wilkinson, on 30 June 1859, numbered 1562, and it consists,-
First, in adapting the printing cylinders to receive stereotype plates. This
is effected by fitting them with rings of suitable material which encircle their
circumference. One of these rings is fixed, while the others are moveable.
The edges of these rings are under cut. The stereotype plates which are cast

page_text: in segments corresponding with the circumference of the cylinder, and which
have two of their edges adapted to the under cut of the aforesaid rings, are
interposed between the fixed and moveable rings, and these latter are caused
by screws to force them against the former, and so to hold them securely on
the cylinder.
Secondly, this Invention consists in an improved means of cutting the paper
into sheets after it has been printed. The paper as it is unwound from the
roll is strained round a portion of a cylinder of a circumference equal to the
lengths it is desired to cut the paper. This cylinder has an opening in its
circumference and parallel with its axis, out of which a knife with a serrated
edge is made to project at each revolution, and which cuts the paper wholly or
partially, as may be desired.
Thirdly, in an improved method of piling or packing the said sheets after
being cut. The sheets are conveyed by tapes from the cutting cylinder
perpendicularly downwards into a case wherein is a frame, to which either a
vibrating or parallel reciprocating action is applied. This frame strikes the
sheets of paper out of the tapes, first to one side then to the other, and piles
or packs them against movable backboards which support them. The said
case has a moveable side lining (adjustable to the width of the sheets) which
along with the said backboards and the bottom of the case gives support to
said sheets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Janes Paine at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1864.
I, LEWIS JAMES PAINE, of Upper Albany Street, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of and appa-
ratus for advertising, whereby publicity is afforded in a more simple and
effectual manner than by any other system previously adopted, the expense
being also materially lessened.
I propose to construct a frame or case somewhat after the plan of a book-
case, with a glass front or pigeon-hole stack, but the borders or sides and
top and bottom of the frame are to be divided into a number of open partitions
similar to the ordinary almanack or date boxes, to contain cards of business
or other advertisement cards, which may be easily viewed and taken therefrom
by any person desirous of preserving the name and address or other particulars
printed on the cards or circulars. Within the space left between the borders
the case is furnished with glass folding doors, for the purpose of containing
on shelves either letters or books, so that the apparatus is suitable for hotels,
railway stations, public institutions, and exhibitions, theatres, and other places

page_text: of public resort; or the front of the case may be entirely occupied with open
divisions for the purpose of containing advertisement cards only. The case
may be so ornamented by a cornice or otherwise as to render its appear-
ance worthy of any situation, such as in the entrance hall of a club-house or
the roading or coffee rooms of hotels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RUDDERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Honorable James Terence
Fitzmaurice at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd April 1864.
I, The Honorable JAMES TERENCE FITZMAURICE, of Southsea, in the County
of Hants, Lieutenant Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RUDDERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing rudders with double sides, each
carried out at an angle with the line of the keel, as shown in elevation at
Figure 1, and in horizontal section at Figure 2, of the accompanying
Drawings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHEARING OR CUTTING, PUNCHING, OR RIVETTING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bennie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1864.
I, JAMES BENNIE, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Ironfounder and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHEARING OR CUTTING,
PUNCHING, OR RIVETTING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention comprises improvements in the general arrangement of
combined machinery for shearing or cutting more particularly angle iron, and
for punching and rivetting, and improvements in stopping details applicable to.
various kinds of punching and rivetting machines.
The improved combined machinery is arranged upon and within a massive
cast-iron frame, and comprises a broad lever plate which vibrates on. a centre.
at its bottom end, being actuated by an eccentric shaft which is set across an
opening in the top of it and is supported in bearings in the framing. The
eccentric shaft has fixed upon it within the framing a main spur wheel driven
by a pinion on a lower shaft on which there is a spur wheel driven by a
pinion on the first motion shaft, and this last is actuated either by a direct-
acting steam cylinder fitted against one side of the framing or by means of
pulleys and a belt from a convenient revolving shaft. The gearing is arranged
out of the way of the workmen, but at the same time only half the fly wheel
on the first motion shaft is sunk below the bottom of the machine. On each.
side of the lever there is fixed a rectangular cutter, and corresponding L-shaped

page_text: cutters are fixed to the framing at openings through which the bars to be cut
are passed. Punching or rivetting details are fitted on either side beyond
the cutters, and the mandrils or slides are actuated by the lever plate. The
vibration of the lever plate can be stopped at any moment by means of a
disengaging clutch.
The improvement in the stopping details for the punching or rivetting dies
consists in fitting a cylindrical pin in a socket accurately bored out for it across
the slide or ram at the back of the mandril or tool holder. An eccentric
groove is turned out of the middle part of the cross pin of no depth at one
side but with the depth increasing round towards the opposite side. When
the punch or die is not to act the pin is turned by a suitable handle so that
the back of the mandril or holder can enter the deep part of the groove, but
when it is to act the pin is turned the other way. Thus whilst the lever plate
or other principal mover is kept working continuously the punching or
rivetting tool can be put into or out of action by simply turning the stop pin
half round.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING OR PREPARING FIBROUS MATERIAL FROM VEGETABLE MATTERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1864. A communication from abroad by Hubert Dupré, Gentleman, of
29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING OR PREPARING FIBROUS
MATERIAL FROM VEGETABLE MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of extracting textile fibre;
from all kinds of vegetable substances generally, whereby to obtain in certain
cases a fine long fibre of sufficient strength to serve for the manufacture of all
kinds of fabrics, which substance I term vegetable silk from its great similarity
to ordinary silk. This improved process, which is very simple and inexpensive,
consists, 1st, in subjecting all kinds of stalks or branches, whether green or
dry, to a boiling process in slightly acidulated water for the purpose of more
easily detaching the bark or skin, which is effected by beating or friction in
plenty of water; 2ndly, in dissolving the glutinous matters by a second boiling
with the aid of a caustic solution, so as to complete the disagregation of the
ligneous fibres therefrom; lastly, in heating these fibres with the addition of
soap, in order at the same time that it strengthens them to impart the
requisite softness and brilliancy when dried.

page_text: The peculiar feature of the Invention is thus of an essentially commercial
and economical character, whereby textile fibres, analogous to silk, thread, or
cotton, may be readily obtained; I therefore claim the exclusive right to the
herein described process for obtaining a new and useful product.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO- **JECTILES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Plaister Harriss, of Stanley Hall, in the
.
County of York, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO-
**JECTILES."
Sealed the 20th October 1864, and dated the 20th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Plaister Harriss
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th April 1864.
I, JAMES PLAISTER HARRISS, of Stanley Hall, in the County of York,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROJECTILES," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in a new method of rifling projectiles herein-after
set forth. It can be applied to all kinds of projectiles, more especially to
those that are elongated. The projectiles rifled on this system can be fired
from any kind of smooth bore gun. The advantages of rifled barrels are by
this Invention obtained at less expense and without many of their disadvantages.
To effect my rifling, I trace or form grooves on those parts of the surface of
the projectiles that come more or less closely in contact with the barrel. They
begin at or near the lower end of the projectile, that is, the end next the charge,
but do not run from end to end. They are closed at certain distances, or a

page_text: certain distance from that lower end within the limits of the surface in contact
with the barrel, hence there is no loss from "windage." The grooves may
vary in depth for different projectiles, they may be shallow, or they may be
deepened, as may be necessary. The grooves may be few or many, and in
some cases even one groove may suffice. They may be arranged in one or
more sets. A set may contain grooves of equal length, consequently
ending on the line of a curve, or a set may contain grooves of unequal
length, ending also on the line of a curve or ending on a line parallel
to the axis of the projectile. The grooves may be so traced as to end
either at right angles or at any other angle, to a line parallel to the axis.
They may be curved more or less gradually from their starting points to their
closed ends, or they may consist of a straight and a curved line, so that the
grooves are at first parallel to the axis, and then run in a curve at right angles to
that axis. In all of these arrangements the force of the explosive gases is the
motive power, the smallest portion of them necessary for the effect being used.
The gases rush along the grooves and strike the closed ends with the force
that may be required to cause the projectiles to revolve. The same effects are
thus produced as by rifling the barrel, and the same advantages are obtained.
The utility and economy of this method are obvious. The variations in the
system are applied according to the kind of projectile to be rifled. It may be
added that in some cases the grooves may be open, that is, running from end
to end, or nearly so, the mere force of the gases rushing through them being
the motive power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1864.
I, JACOB TAYLOR, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to propellers which are entirely immersed in the
water, and of which any suitable number may be worked by one or more
shafts driven by hand, steam, or other motive power. Each propeller consists
of a hollow drum or cylinder having in its periphery a number of openings
forming the terminations of slots or spaces between a similar number of blocks
of wood or metal fixed to the drum or cylinder, and in each slot there is placed
a blade or float. In the interior (or exterior, if desirable,) of the drum at each
side there are plates having eccentric grooves, into which are placed rollers or
pins projecting from the blades, and the plates and eccentric grooves are beld.
stationary or have revolving motion imparted to them as may be required.
When revolving motion is given to the drum and the eccentrics are held
stationary the blades revolve with the drum, and at the same time project and
recede one after the other, and when the longest radius of each eccentric is
below the driving shaft, the central projecting blade is perpendicular to the
vessel's forward course, and when the eccentrics are removed to the opposite
position the blade is perpendicular to the vessel's backward course, and as the

page_text: blades recede one after the other when they have done their work, there is no
loss or resistance from back pressure, and if the eccentrics are turned during
the revolving motion of the drum, the vessel turns round as on a centre either
with or without the assistance of the rudder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN STRETCHING OR DRAWING AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 9th
July 1864.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN STRETCHING OR DRAWING AND
FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS," (a communication to me from abroad by Alphonse
Delharpe, junior, of Tarare, France, Dyer and Finisher,) to be as follows:-
The gripping or nipping bands of a finishing loom consist of two long
wooden bars placed parallel to each other on fixed or oscillating cross pieces,
and furnished with a series of nippers or clasps intended to seize the selvages
of the stuff which is to be drawn or stretched. Each nipper is held to the
lower band by flat hinges fixed behind; they close and open slowly and sepa-
rately by the play of a movable screw adhering to the said nipper; the end
of this screw in form of button penetrates into a tooth or hook placed on the
lower band, so that the nipper is closed or opened as the screw is turned one
way or the other.
The improved band forming the subject of this Invention differs essentially
from the preceding. Each nipper closes separately, but by a single vertical
motion, and they open all together to the number of 120 if necessary by a
single horizontal movement. This band is composed of a long wooden bar of
angular form supporting nippers or pincers fixed by hinges with bolts very

page_text: near the jaws, which seize the stuff.
Each pincer is furnished with a hori-
zontal handle, in the centre of which is fitted a vertical flat iron spring
slightly arched, and terminating in a notch or stop. In front of the spring,
on the external flank of the large band, is fixed an iron plate furnished with a
small lever, the base of which assumes the shape of an eccentric. When the
pincer is closed by lifting the handle which it carries, the notch of the spring
which bends comes against the abutment plate at the moment the two jaws
of the pincers press against each other, and the pincer is then firmly closed;
in this state the notch of the spring is placed immediately beneath the
eccentric of the small lever then inclined in one direction, and to open the
pincer it suffices to turn the lever in the reverse direction, when it pushes
the notch of the spring away out of the plate, and the pincer having no
fulcrum, reverses it by its own weight. The pincers open all together by
means of a thin rule of flat iron fitted by a button to each eccentric rod, and
which is itself set in motion by means of a strong lever fixed to the large or
main gripping band.