MACHINE OR ENGINE FOR ROASTING BROILING, OR BAKING OF MEAT, AND OTHER THINGS USUALLY ROASTED, BROILED, OR BAKED BEFORE THE FIRE; WHICH MACHINE OR ENGINE CONSISTS OF A PORTABLE FIREGRATE OR STOVE, AN AIR OR SMOAK JACK, AND A MEAT SKREEN OR REFLECTOR, SO CONTRIVED AND ADAPTED TO EACH OTHER THAT THEY MIGHT WI BE FROM, AND MIG, BOTH BY A VERY MATERIAL SAVING OF FUEL, AND IN MANY OTHER CONVE- NIENCES ARISING FROM ITS CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1770

page_text: J. AND J. STRUTT'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, JOSEPH
STRUTT, of Prescott Street, in the Parish of Saint Mary Matfelon, otherwise
Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, Glass Seller, sendeth greeting.
WHEREAS the said Joseph Strutt, together with Jedidiah Strutt, of the
Parish of Saint Peter, in the Town of Derby, in the County of Derby, Hosier,
did, by their petition humbly represent to His present most Excellent Majesty
King George the Third, that they had; at a very great expence and labor,
solely invented and brought to a great degree of perfection a "MACHINE OR
ENGINE FOR ROASTING, BROILING, OR BAKING OF MEAT, AND OTHER THINGS
USUALLY ROASTED, BROILED, OR BAKED BEFORE THE FIRE; WHICH MACHINE OR
ENGINE CONSISTS OF A PORTABLE FIREGRATE OR STOVE, AN AIR OR SMOAK JACK, AND
A MEAT SKREEN OR REFLECTOR, SO CONTRIVED AND ADAPTED TO EACH OTHER THAT
THEY MIGHT WITH EASE BE REMOVED FROM PLACE TO PLACE, AND MIGHT BE USED ON
BOARD SHIPS OR IN THE FIELD, AS WELL AS IN PUBLICK OR PRIVATE HOUSES, IN
ALL WHICH PLACES THE FIREGRATE OR STOVE, AIR OR SMOAK JACK, MEAT SKREEN
OR REFLECTOR, MIGHT BE SEPARATELY APPLYED AND USED DISTINCT FROM EACH
OTHER, AS OCCASION MIGHT REQUIRE.; WHICH INVENTION THEY BELIEVED WOULD
BE OF GREAT UTILITY AS WELL IN HOUSES AS IN CAMPS, AND ON SHIPBOARD,
BOTH BY A VERY MATERIAL SAVING OF FUEL, AND IN MANY OTHER CONVE-
NIENCES ARISING FROM ITS CONSTRUCTION;" that they were the true and first
Inventors thereof, and that the same was not then made use of or known by
any other person whatsoever to their knowledge and belief; they, the said
Joseph Strutt and Jedidiah Strutt, therefore most humbly prayed His said
Majesty to grant unto them, their executors, administrators, and assigns, His

page_text: Royal Letters Patents under His Great Seal of Great Britain, for the sole using,
making, and vending of the said machine or engine for the term of fourteen
years, within that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
also within His Colonies and Plantations in America, according to the Statute
in that behalf made and provided; His said Majesty, being willing to give
encouragement to all Arts and Inventions that might be for the publick good,
was graciously pleased to condescend to their request; and therefore, by His
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of July,
in the tenth year of His reign, of His especial grace, certain knowledge, and
meer motion, for Himself, His heirs and successors, did give and grant unto
the said Joseph Strutt and Jedidiah Strutt, their executors, administrators, and
assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that they,
the said Joseph Strutt and Jedidiah Strutt, their executors, administrators, and
assigns, and every of them, by themselves, or by their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as they, the said Joseph Strutt and Jedidiah
Strutt, their executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend their said Invention, within that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom
of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in His Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such
manner as to them, the said Joseph Strutt and Jedidiah Strutt, their
executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, should in their discretions
seem meet; and that they, the said Joseph Strutt and Jedidiah Strutt, their
executors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy
the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to time coming,
growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention, for and during
the term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said
licence, powers, priviledges, and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned
to be granted unto them, the said Joseph Strutt and Jedidiah Strutt, their
executors, administrators, and assigns, for and during and unto the full end
and term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent next and
immediately ensuing, and fully to be compleat and ended, according to the Statute
in such case made and provided; in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that if the said Joseph Strutt and Jedidiah Strutt,, or one of them,
should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of them, and

page_text: cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within four calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become
void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise
notwithstanding, as in and by the said recited Letters Patent (relation being
thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Strutt, in compliance with the
said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of the aforesaid
Invention, and declare that the same is to be performed in manner following,
(that is to say):-
The portable firegrate or stove is made of cast or plated iron, copper, or
brass, and stands on three feet or legs, between which feet and underneath the
bars of the grate is an iron plate or pan to receive the cinders and ashes, if
placed on board of ships, or where there is danger from fire. The front of the
grate is square or flat, the back semicircular, and so are the cheeks that
contain the fire; these cheeks or plates are opened wider to increase the
fire, or brought closer to lessen it, by means of a toothed bar or rack fixed
to each chcek, and a pinion on one side of the grate, and turned with a
winch or windlass; about twelve inches above the fire (or according to
the size of the grate) a blower may be hung on occasionally, if necessary,
to encrease the draft of air. Above the blower the front continues flat
for about six inches, and in the middle of this flat part is an aperture or
opening for the wheel and pinion of the jack to work in. The back part of
this opening is inclosed to prevent the smoak from coming out. Above this
opening the funnel projects over the front, so far as to form a compleat circlo
large enough to receive the fly of the jack, and continues in that form to a
sufficient height above the fly (about four inches), where a cross bar is fixed to
receive the top of the spindle that carries the fly. Above the cross bar the
funnel becomes contracted, and the smoak may be conveyed away in such
directions as may be necessary, according to the wind or situation in which the
grate may be placed. The jack consists of a circular fly, of various diameters,
from eighteen inches to twenty-four inches, made of tin, iron, or any other thin
and light metal, with wings or vanes, consisting of any number, which are
fastened at the extremities to a hoop or rim made so much less as to move
freely round in another hoop or rim fixed by four or more upright iron bars as
a frame for the fly as high at least as the whole diameter of the intended fly.
On the under side of the fly in the center is a plate of iron or other metal in
the form of a cone inverted, to which the vanes are all fastened, to give them

page_text: more strength, as well as to throw the air that rises near the center to the
extremities of the fly that it may act with greater power. Through this cone
there is fastened a hollow tube or pipe made exactly to fit the upright spindle
that carries the fly, but so that the fly will move round freely upon it; but by
means of a small pin in the spindle and a notch or nick in the bottom of the
pipe to catch the pin, the fly then cannot move round but carry the spindle
round with it. But by means of a lever forked at one end so as to clip or
receive the bottom of the fly, and having its center fixed to one of the upright
bars of the frame, the fly may be discharged from the pin and raised on the
upright spindle to the cross bar, out of the circle in which it, turns to stop the
jack, and thereby gives free passage to the smoak and air when standing still.
The upright spindle at top turns in a socket of hard leather (instead of a cup
or bason for oil, which is common in other smoak jacks) fastned to the top of
the cross bar, which bar is supported by two of the upright bars of the frame
that are opposite to each other, and rise about four inches above the hoop
contained within the frame. The bottom of the upright spindle is a steel
pivot which turns in a cup or hole in the top of a moveable center placed in
the aperture in the front of the funnel or chimney, about four inches long, and
turns occasionally in two holes or sockets, which keep it perpendicular to
the upright spindle. About an inch above the bottom of the upright spindle
there is a pinion of six, soven, or more teeth, and in the side of the center near
the top is a hole for the end of an horizontal spindle to turn in, and on that
spindle is fixed a contrate wheel of forty, sixty, or more teeth, according to its
diameter, which is driven round by the pinion on the upright spindle. At the
other end of the horizontal spindle is fixed a pulley for the chain that commu-
nicates with the spit, and in the lower part of the above-mentioned center,
about two inches below the hole for the end of the horizontal spindle, is
fastned a square bar or gibbet, which is as long and runs parallel with the
horizontal spindle, strong enough to support the hinder end of the spindle, the
pulley, the chain, and one end of the spit. The distant end of this bar turns
up like a gibbet to half the height or diameter of the contrate wheel, and in
the top of that part turned up is a notch for the end of the spindle to turn in,
and on the outside of the part turned up is a steel spring which keeps the end
of the spindle from rising, and also the wheel in the toothing of the pinion.
By means of the gibbet and the horizontal spindle going through the center
that sustains the upright spindle, the pully and chain may be 'turned round
to either side of the fireplace, and yet, the pinion and wheel always keep in a
working position, by which method the spit may be turned either at the right
hand or the left. To this gibbet may also be fixed a small wheel, whereby the

page_text: spit may be turned round perpendicularly whenever that is necessary, and as
this jack has only the fly exposed to the smoak, the wheel and pinion by this
method being on the outside of the chimney, it is thereby less liable to stop or
want repair than any other smoak jack, and as well as in this kind of grate it
may be put up in all sorts of chimneys. The meat screen is made of tin,
copper, or any polished metal, and the higher the polish the greater the reflec-
tion. Its construction is of a cylindric or rather eliptick form, from two feet to
any length or width. It is inclosed at each end, and about two thirds open to
the fire, so as to take in the greatest part of the rays proceeding therefrom.
All these rays that are received within it are reflected back again, not in a
point, but in a line parallel with the spit, which passes through the center by
means of an aperture cut in each end, exactly in the center of each end, as
long as half the diameter of the reflector and large enough to admit each end
of the spit, in which openings the spit turns round with the meat within, and
at the center of the reflector, where of consequence the meat must receive the
greatest heat it can have from the same quantity of fire at the same distance
from it, whereby the meat may be much sooner roasted or with much less fire,
as no cold air can approach it. The spit is guided or kept in the center by
a slides with notches in them at each end of the cylinder above the openings
in the ends, which drops over the spit and also covers the openings in
the ends, as well to keep in the heat as to prevent the spit from sliding back-
wards or forwards. In the bottom within the reflector under the meat is
a small hole, through which all the dripping runs into a tin can or receiver,
with a handle, for conveniency of taking off or sliding on; the can is placed
underneath the reflector, on the outside, by means of two ears or projections
opposite to each other on the top of the can, which ears slide in between two
slips of tin, &c. fastened at each end on the outside of the reflector, till the can
comes under the hole through which the dripping. falls, and thereby is secured
from all dust and ashes; the reflector is fixed horizontally or perpendicularly
as, may be required, either in an iron or wooden frame, either to stand or
hang before the fire, and at the top of the reflector there is a flap or lid, about
five inches wide, to open or turn up occasionally to view the meat, and also by
taking off the receiver with the dripping and sliding another on (as there is
always two cans to each reflector) the meat is basted alternately with the
same vessell, and at the same time may lessen the degree of heat, if necessary,
by keeping the flap open. The frame, when of wood, has two sides, fixed by
a rail, top and bottom, and likewise a foot to each side, and within the sides
the reflector is screwed or fastened at each end, and if made to hang before
the fire a slider on each side draws out of the grate, in which sliders a loop or

page_text: hole is made to receive a gudgeon or pin fastened to each end of the reflector
for it to hang by, and by a bar being joined to each slider behind the reflector,
on which is a spring or ketch to take the notches or teeth that are made in
another circular piece of iron and fixed on the back of the reflector, to prevent
it turning round in the frame; behind the reflector is a conveniency to warm
plates, &c., so that the reflector comprizes the meat screen, spit, racks, dripping-
pan, and stand, and also the baster and plate warmer, all articles made use of
in the common method of roasting. N.B.-In this reflector puddings and
pastry may be baked, and with the portable firegrate, smoak jack, and
reflector, herein described, meat may be roasted on board of ships, in camps,
or in the open field, and which jacks may be fixed in all chimneys,
either in publick or private houses, and applied to all methods of roasting.
The reflector may be applied to any kind of jack, so that the jack. may be
used without the grate or reflector, and the reflector without the jack or grate,
by which Invention much expence both in materials and fuel may be saved.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Strutt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and seventy, and in the Eleventh year
of the reign of our said Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the
grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of
the Faith &c.
Sealed and delivered (being first duly
stampt) in the presence of
JOSEPH STRUTT. (LS.)
LEWIS PEACOCK.
BIGOE HENZELL.
AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that the Eighth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and seventy, the said
Joseph Strutt came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the Statute made in the sixth
year of the reign of the late King and Queen William and Mary of England,
and so forth.
Inrolled the Eighth day of November, in the year last above written.