Improvements in Blowers and Exhausters.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 29th July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 29th Apr., 1891-Accented, 30th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Blowers and Exhausters.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER CARLILE, of 238 Albert Road, Aston, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object the construction of blowers and exhausters to
he worked by hand or mechanical means wherein the buckets or chambers forming
the blower are caused to work into a cistern containing water or other liquid, in
such a manner that the liquid serves the purpose of a piston. to force out the
air collected within the buckets or chambers before being made to enter the
cistern.
In carrying my invention into effect 1 construct a blower having two buckets or
chambers connected to a common axis, upon which they oscillate, the oscillation to
be produced in any usual ordinary manner upon a centre or pivot.
To cach bucket or chamber attach two or more valves, to collect the air and
also to discharge the air respectively. Upon the chambers or buckets being
rocked or vibrated they are caused to rise and fall within the liquid contained in
the cistern, and as they are forced down the surface of the water remaining almost
at a constant level, the air held within the chambers or buckets is caused to rise and
to be driven out through the delivery valves arranged in the upper portion of the
bucket chamber, and then to be led off by means of a suitable connecting pipe to
the common discharge or main delivery of the blower.
When the chamber bucket is made to rise out of the liquid the partial vacuum
that has been formed owing to the expulsion of the air by the liquid piston,
causes an inrush of air through the suction or admission valves, so that the vessel
becomes full of air ready for its return stroke into the liquid of the vessel.
Sometimes arrange the rocking lever so that the air is collected from the
deliveries from each bucket or chamber, and a common discharge or outlet formed
npon the axis of the lever, which I make hollow for the purpose.
Instead of employing a reciprocating or a rocking motion 1 sometimes arrange a
number of vessels or bucket chambers upon a circular frame or wheel which causes
the buckets to rotate and to collect the air while rising out of the liquid, while
it delivers or discharges the same when passing down into the liquid; suitable
valves being provided for the purpose. I sometimes provide feathering gear and
rods worked by eccentrics similarly to those employed upon paddle wheels, for
the purpose of causing the vessels to enter and leave the liquid in the most
advantageous positions. The air that is discharged from the buckets or chambers,
I collect in one central or common discharge pipe.
By another arrangement with stationary buckets or chambers cause the blower
to be worked by means of a spiral or screw blade or any ordinary suitable water
propeller, thereby causing the air to be forced out by the water rising up the
discharge chamber of the vessel, while a suitably arranged sluice or throttle valve,
or any suitable arrangement to cause intermittent flow of water permits the liquid
again to fall, and thus to draw air into the chamber ready for the next influx of
water from the propeller.
D
J
3011
" 1. 1000
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Blowers and Exhausters.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER CARLILE, of 238 Albert Road, Aston, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
aud in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object the construction of blowers and exhausters to be
worked by hand or mechanical means wherein the buckets or chambers forming
the blower are caused to work into a cistern containing water or other liquid, in
such a manner that the liquid serves the purpose of a piston to force out the
air collected within the buckets or chambers before being made to enter the
cistern.
In carrying my invention into effect I construct a blower having two buckets
or chambers connected to a common axis upon which they oscillate, the
oscillation to be produced in any usual ordinary manner upon a centre or pivot.
To each bucket or chamber I attach two or more valves to collect the air and
also to discharge the air respectively. Upon the chambers or buckets being
rocked or vibrated they are caused to rise and fall within the liquid contained in
the cistern, and as they are forced down the surface of the water remaining almost
at a constant level, the air held within the chambers or bucket is caused to rise
and to be driven out through the delivery valves arranged in the upper portion of
the bucket chamber and then to be led off by means of a suitable connecting pipe
to the common discharge or main delivery of the blower.
When the chamber bucket is made to rise out of the liquid the partial vacuum
that has been formed owing to the expulsion of the air by the liquid piston,
causes an inrush of air through the suction or admission valves, so that the
bucket becomes full of air ready for its return stroke into the liquid of the
vessel.
Sometimes I arrange the rocking lever so that the air is collected from the
deliveries from each bucket or chamber and a commom discharge or outlet formed
upon the axis of the lever, which I make hollow for the purpose. Instead of
employing a reciprocating or a rocking motion I sometimes arrange a number
of vessels or bucket chambers upon a circular frame or wheel which causes the
buckets to rotate and to collect the air while rising out of the liquid, while it
delivers or discharges the same while passing down into the liquid; suitable valves
being provided for the purpose. I sometimes provide feathering gear and rods
worked by eccentrics similarly to those employed upon paddle wheels for the
purpose of causing the vessels to enter and leave the liquid in the most advantageous
positions. The air that is discharged from the bucket or chambers I collect in one
central or common discharge pipe. By another arrangement with stationary
buckets or chambers I cause the blower to be worked by means of a spiral or
screw blade or any ordinary suitable water propeller, thereby causing the air
to be forced out by the water rising up the discharge chamber of the vessel,
while a suitably arranged sluice or throttle valve or any suitable arrangement to
cause intermittent flow of water permits the liquid again to fall, and thus
to draw air into the chamber ready for the next inflow of water from the
propeller.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood I append hereunto
two sheets of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter referred to-
On Sheet Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation and Figure 2 is a sectional
end elevation of my improved arrangement of oscillating compression chambers.
Figure 3 is a sectional side elevation and Figure 4 is a sectional end elevation of
my improved arrangement of multiple rotating chambers.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are detail illustrations of my arrangement of doors or
shutters when applied to my rotating chambers.

page_text: Figure 10 is a sectional elevation and Figure 11 is a plan of my improved
arrangement of spiral or screw motion blower or exhauster.
I prefer to arrange two chambers A A' connected to each other in any ordinary
manner or formed in one piece, and having at their junction or centre a hollow
axle or gudgeon F upon which they are free to oscillate through a fixed distance
when actuated by the lever B or when set in motion by any other mechanical
contrivance such as a crank or eccentric connected to the central axle.
The chambers I carry in bearings arranged upon or within the casing cor.
framework of the machine or apparatus and the interior of the casing I fill with"
water or other fluid. I arrange an opening along the line a, a, a, within the
chambers A, A for the admission of the fluid to the interior positions. D, D' are
delivery valves opening into a recess formed upon the chambers, which leads to a
common port or opening E within the central hollow axis, F thus forming a delivery
pipe or outlet.
Upon the solid end or face of each chamber A A' I preferably arrange a suction
valve G G for the purpose of admitting air or gas from the space H which is
open to the atmosphere or in connection with the vessel to be exhausted. In
working my improved blower or exhauster I cause the chambers A, A' by
oscillations as above described induced by hand or other suitable ordinary means
to be alternately immersed in the fluid within the casing, so that upon the move-
ment of one of the chambers from a higher to a lower position, the fluid acts as
a piston to force out the air or other gas contained within the chamber, through
the delivery valve D and along the central delivery pipe F; while upon the
return or upward stroke of the chamber from the liquid a partial vacuum is caused.
within it owing to the expulsion of the air or gas by the liquid piston and the con-'
sequent inrush of fresh air or gas takes place through the suction valve G.
thus charging the chamber ready for its next downward stroke. The same action
takes place with each chamber so that as one chamber is rising and drawing ins
the air the corresponding chamber is sinking and discharging the air. ] sometimes
reverse the arrangement and working of the valves.
In order to prevent undue motion of the water or liquid I sometimes arrange
baffle plates or partition boards upon the chambers or in the outer casing. When
constructing my improved blower and exhauster with a number or succession of
chambers as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, I mount an axle or central hollow
shaft within bearings C C mounted or formed upon the casing or frame C³
and I give a constant circular motion to the shaft and its connected chambers by
means of any ordinary pulley K+ or by other ordinary means. Upon the surface
of this hollow shaft I cut or form a port K¹ which at a certain point of the.
revolution of the chambers is brought into communication successively with a
corresponding port J at the root of each of the chambers. As each chamber
becomes in turn immersed in the fluid the gas contained within it is forced out by
coming into contact with the fluid piston, into the delivery pipe within the hollow
central axle. While upon the rising of each chamber the fluid flows out over its
sides and the chamber again fills with gas ready for the next stroke.
To facilitate the escape of the fluid I sometimes form another port K in the
hollow axis which port by means of a suitably formed partition K³ within the
axle is made to communicate again with the interior of the casing, thus giving to:
the fluid during a certain interval, an additional means of exit from the chamber.
The outer casing I make of any desired shape and support it by a foot or by other
suitable means.
I sometimes construct the chambers for my circular motion blowers and
exhausters in the form illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7; 8, and 9, having opening
and closing shutters or doors L, L. Figure 6 is a. plan and Figure 5. an elevation
representing the shutters closed. Figure 8.and Figure 7 are similar views with
the shutters open, while Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of my improved blower
or exhauster showing the chambers in position in the casing.
I actuate these shutters at the required points of their revolution either by rods

page_text: or levers or by ordinary eccentrics fixed upon the axle to give an opening and
closing motion. In the arrangement illustrated by the drawings I use levers N, N
connected by hinges to the shutters and having at their extremity rollers N' N or
other suitable projections which in action are brought in contact with grooves
or ridges 0 O formed on the outer casing as shown in Figure 9 and so
arranged that at certain points of the revolution the shutters are forced
together, while at other points they are free to yield to the pressure of the
fluid.
Another form of my improved blower or exhauster illustrated by Figures 10
and 11 construct with a spiral or screw P formed upon an axle and caused to
rotate in a cylinder R by a pulley or other suitable means. This spiral or screw
may be further substituted by a paddle wheel or similar method for propelling the
fluid. My object in every case being to fill with fluid one or more of the stationary
chambers such as R1, R2, communication being made between the cylinder R and
the chambers by a circular valve S which rotate by the axle of the spiral or
screw and so arranged that when the chamber R' is open to the cylinder the other
chamber R2 is free to discharge its fluid through the passage T to the back end of
the spiral. When this discharge has been made to the back end of the spiral the
valve changes its position and R' discharges its fluid while R is filled with fluid by
the screw and the air contained within it is forced out through the delivery valve W.
During the discharge of the fluid a partial vacuum is formed and air is thereby
caused to rush in through the suction valves Y Y to be afterwards discharged through
the delivery valves W, W I sometimes employ a float to open and close a slide
valve for regulating the inlet and outlet.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what !
claim is :-
"
(1) The construction and arrangement of air or gas exhausters or blowers
having a liquid acting as a piston to force the air or gas out of one or more suitably
formed chambers, by means of the partial or complete immersion of such chambers
or chamber within the fluid substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
(2) In gas or air blowing or exhausting machines having a fluid serving as a
piston the application to movable chambers used for immersion into the fluid of
movable paddles or shutters to be opened and closed at intervals during each
revolution of the machine substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated
in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
(3) In gas or air blowers or exhausters, the use of fixed chambers into
which fluid is forced for expelling the air or gas therefrom, substantially as
herein before described and as illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
(4) The construction and arrangement of gas and air blowers or exhausters
having a spiral screw, paddle or like propeller to urge the fluid piston into
fixed chambers for the expulsion of the air or gas therefrom, substantially as herein-
before described and as illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 50th day of't w 1001
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.