INTROVEMENTS AFFRICADES TO STREET AND OTHER LAMPS OR LANTERNO.
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Browning, of Grosvenor Road, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, White Lead Manufacturer, for the Invention of
T
INTROVEMENTS AFFRICADES TO STREET AND OTHER LAMPS OR LANTERNO.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Browning at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1864.
I, JAMES BROWNING, of Grosvenor Road, Pimlico, in the County of Middle-
sex, White Lead Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STREET AND OTHER LAMPS OR
LANTERNS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements applicable to street and other lamps or
lanterns relates to an improved mode of utilizing those rays of light which
radiate upwards from the burner, and thereby become lost. This object is
effected by adapting to the lamp or lantern reflectors or reflecting surfaces,
arranged in such a manner above the burner that all or a greater portion of
those rays of light which radiate upwards are made to fall upon the reflecting
surfaces, and are thereby thrown downwards or in a horizontal or nearly
horizontal direction, so that the rays of light may be dispersed in the direction
where they will be required.
In carrying out my Invention I propose, by preference, to use two distinct
and separate reflectors in combination, and I arrange the reflecting surfaces

page_text: at an angle of about 45 degrees to the ground. One of the reflectors is to be
placed outside the lantern above the light, so that the rays when they strike
the reflecting surface may be reflected back to a considerable distance from
the burner. The other reflector is placed inside the lamp, and the burner
passes up through it, and is so adjusted that a portion of the rays of light
from the burner strike on the outside surface of the reflector, and a portion on
the inside surface. Both sides of a reflector are therefore utilized, the
under side will throw or reflect the light at an acute angle to the ground, while
the upper side of the inside reflector will throw the rays up on to the surface
of the upper reflector outside the lamp, and this reflector will throw back the
rays towards the earth, but at an acute angle, as before mentioned, or nearly
in a horizontal line.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Browning in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
November 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BROWNING, of Grosvenor Road, Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, White
Lead Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Browning, Her special license that I, the said James
Browning, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Browning, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term therein expressed, "should and lawfully might make, use,
'exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO STREET AND OTHER LAMPS OR LANTERNS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Browning, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
'nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Browning, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being bad to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements applicable to Street and other Lamps or
Lanterns" relates to an improved mode of utilizing those rays of light which
radiate upwards from the burner, and thereby become lost. The object is
effected by adapting to the lamp or lantern reflectors or reflecting surfaces
arranged in such a manner that all or a greater portion of those rays of light
which radiate upwards are made to fall upon the reflecting surfaces, and are
thereby thrown downwards or in a horizontal or nearly horizontal direction,
so that the rays of light may be dispersed in the direction where they will be
required.
'
The manner in which I propose to carry out my Invention is shewn in the
accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an elevation of a common street
lamp with my improvements adapted thereto.
It will be seen that I use two distinct and separate reflectors in combination,
and I arrange the reflecting surfacc3 at an angle of about 45 degrees to
the ground. One of the reflectors a, a, which is shewn detached at Fig. 2,
is to be placed outside the lantern above the light, so that the rays when they
strike the reflecting surface inside the reflector a may be reflected downwards
to a considerable distance from the burner, and also on to another reflector b,
which is placed inside the lanp, and the burner c passes up through it and is
so adjusted that a portion of the rays of light from the burner strike on the
outside surface of the reflector b, and a portion on the inside surface of the
same reflector, which is shewn detached at Fig. 3. Both sides of the reflector b
are therefore utilized; the under side will throw or reflect the light at an acute
angle to the ground, while the upper side of the inside reflector will throw
some of the rays up on to the surface of the upper reflector outside the lamp,
and this reflector will throw them back towards the earth, but at an acute
angle, as before mentioned, or nearly in a horizontal line, so that the light from
all the reflecting surfaces will be dispersed and thrown in the direction where
it is required, instead of being lost, as is now the case. It will be seen on
referring to the Drawing that the inner surfaces of the external reflector a, a,
are prevented by means of the corner pieces e, e, and flanges d, d, above from
resting on and being sullied or dirtied by coming in contact with the glass.
The internal reflector 6 is also provided with a vertical flange, which will raise
above the level of the frame of the lantern.
it
up

page_text: Having now described my Invention of "Improvements applicable to
Street and other Lamps or Lanterns," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid the mode herein set forth of adapting reflecting surfaces
to lamps or lanterns for the purpose of intercepting those rays of light which
would otherwise become lost or useless, and throwing them downwards or in a
horizontal or nearly horizontal direction.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Browning, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
JAMES BROWNING. (L.S.)