AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tingle, of Northwood, near Hanley, in the
County of Stafford, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM
CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 10th November 1857, and dated the 1st June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tingle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1857.
I, GEORGE TINGLE, of Northwood, near Hanley, in the County of Stafford,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES"
FROM CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described for the.
manufacture of such articles from clay or other plastic substance as
or may be manufactured by pressure of the plastic substance between two
dies, one of which in working enters the other. My said Invention is
especially applicable to the manufacture of such articles as more or less
resemble a hollow cylinder closed at one end. In carrying my Invention into
effect, I construct the moveable die or plunger in the following manner :-At
the bottom of the said die I place a conical valve opening downwards, which

page_text: said valve has its seat on a conical bed in the bottom of the plunger. When
the valve is closed its surface is flush with the bottom of the plunger; a stem
attached to the valve rises through a hole in the axis of the plunger, and a
cross piece at its top works in a transverse slot near the top of the plunger,
whereby the range of motion of the valve is limited. When the plunger
descends and presses the plastic substance into the lower die or mould the
valve is closed by its pressure upon the plastic substance, the said valve
forming part, as it were, of the bottom of the plunger. When the plunger is
raised the valve does not begin to rise until the plunger has been raised to a
distance equal to the depth of the before-mentioned slot, which limits its
motion; the valve afterwards rises with the plunger. By the opening of
the valve on the rising of the plunger, the air is admitted under the plunger,
and the said plunger rises readily from the mould without disturbing the
figure of the clay or plastic substance contained in the said mould.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tingle in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TINGLE, of Northwood, near Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Tingle, Her special licence that I, the said George Tingle,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Tingle, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES PROM CLAY AND OTHER
PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Tingle, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tingle, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described, and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawing, for the manufacture of such articles from
clay and other plastic substances as are or may be manufactured by the
pressure of the plastic substance between two dies, one of which in working
enters the other.
My said Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of such
articles as more or less resemble a hollow cylinder closed at one end.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents, in transverse vertical
section, a pair of dies or moulds for pressing clay or other plastic substance
into the form of a hollow cylinder closed at one end, the said dies, moulds, or
machinery being constructed according to my Invention; and Figure 2
represents the same in elevation. The same letters when employed in both
Figures indicate the same parts. a is the upper or moveable die or plunger,
fixed to the bolt of a press; and 6 is the lower die, fixed on the bed of the press.
At the bottom of the upper die or plunger a is a conical valve c, the said
valve c opening downwards. When raised, the valve c bears against the
conical bed d in the bottom of the plunger a. When the said valve c is closed
its surface is flush with the bottom of the plunger. The stem é attached to
the valve c rises through a hole f in the axis of the plunger or die a.
A cross
piece g at the top of the rod e works in a transverse slot h near the top of the
plunger. The range of motion of the valve c is limited by the cross piece g and
slot h. When the die or plunger a descends into the die b, the valve c is closed
by its pressure against the plastic substance, the said valve c forming part, as it
were, of the bottom of the plunger a. When the die or plunger a is raised
the valve c does not begin to rise until the plunger a has been raised to a
distance equal to the depth of the slot h, which limits its motion; the valve c
afterwards rises with the plunger a. By the opening of the valve c on the
rising of the plunger a, air is admitted through the slot h and tube f under-
neath the plunger a, the admission of the air permitting the plunger a to rise
from the mould 6 without disturbing the figure of the clay or plastic
substance which had been pressed by the said plunger a in the said mould b.
Although my Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of such

page_text: articles in clay or other plastic substance as more or less resemble a hollow
cylinder closed at one end, yet my said Invention is also applicable to the
manufacture of other forms, as my Invention may be applied to the dies or
moulding machinery used in the manufacture of all such articles made from plastic
materials as from their figure render the removal of the internal die or plunger
difficult owing to the partial vacuum. which would be left between the plunger
and the plastic material from which it is withdrawn. By my Invention the
plunger or die can be immediately withdrawn after the article has been
fashioned, and the partial drying of the article before the removal of the
plunger, which is practised in the ordinary manufacture, is rendered un-
necessary.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect; I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention. But I claim
as my Invention the improvement or improvements in machinery for the
manufacture of articles from clay and other plastic substances, herein-before
described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, the use
of a valve in the piston or plunger by which the interior of articles made of
clay or other plastic material is fashioned, the said valve opening on the rising
of the plunger, thereby admitting air beneath the said piston or plunger, and
permitting of the ready removal of the said piston or plunger from the said
articles.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tingle, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
GEORGE TINGLE. (L.B.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tingle, of Northwood, near Hanley, in the
County of Stafford, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM
CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 10th November 1857, and dated the 1st June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tingle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1857.
I, GEORGE TINGLE, of Northwood, near Hanley, in the County of Stafford,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES
FROM CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described for the
manufacture of such articles from clay or other plastic substance as are
or may be manufactured by pressure of the plastic substance between two
dies, one of which in working enters the other. My said Invention is
especially applicable to the manufacture of such articles as more or less
resemble a hollow cylinder closed at one end. In carrying my Invention into
effect, I construct the moveable die or plunger in the following manner:-At
the bottom of the said die I place a conical valve opening downwards, which

page_text: When
said valve has its seat on a conical bed in the bottom of the plunger.
the valve is closed its surface is flush with the bottom of the plunger; a stem
attached to the valve rises through a hole in the axis of the plunger, and a
cross piece at its top works in a transverse slot near the top of the plunger,
whereby the range of motion of the valve is limited. When the plunger
descends and presses the plastic substance into the lower die or mould the
valve is closed by its pressure upon the plastic substance, the said valve
forming part, as it were, of the bottom of the plunger. When the plunger is
raised the valve does not begin to rise until the plunger has been raised to a
distance equal to the depth of the before-mentioned slot, which limits its
motion; the valve afterwards rises with the plunger. By the opening of
the valve on the rising of the plunger, the air is admitted under the plunger,
and the said plunger rises readily from the mould without disturbing the
figure of the clay or plastic substance contained in the said mould.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tingle in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TINGLE, of Northwood, near Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Tingle, Her special licence that I, the said George Tingle,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Tingle, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CLAY AND OTHER
PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Tingle, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tingle, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described, and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawing, for the manufacture of such articles from
clay and other plastic substances as are or may be manufactured by the
pressure of the plastic substance between two dies, one of which in working
enters the other.
My said Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of such
articles as more or less resemble a hollow cylinder closed at one end.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents, in transverse vertical
section, a pair of dies or moulds for pressing clay or other plastic substance
into the form of a hollow cylinder closed at one end, the said dies, moulds, or
machinery being constructed according to my Invention; and Figure 2
represents the same in elevation. The same letters when employed in both
Figures indicate the same parts. a is the upper or moveable die or plunger,
fixed to the bolt of a press; and b is the lower die, fixed on the bed of the press.
At the bottom of the upper die or plunger a is a conical valve c, the said
valve c opening downwards. When raised, the valve c bears against the
conical bed d in the bottom of the plunger a. When the said valve c is closed
its surface is flush with the bottom of the plunger. The stem e attached to
the valve c rises through a hole f in the axis of the plunger or die a.
A cross
piece g at the top of the rod works in a transverse slot h near the top of the
plunger. The range of motion of the valve c is limited by the cross piece g and
slot h. When the die or plunger a descends into the die 6, the valve c is closed
by its pressure against the plastic substance, the said valve c forming part, as it
were, of the bottom of the plunger a. When the die or plunger a is raised
the valve c does not begin to rise until the plunger a has been raised to a
distance equal to the depth of the slot h, which limits its motion; the valve c
afterwards rises with the plunger a. By the opening of the valve c on the
rising of the plunger a, air is admitted through the slot h and tube f under-
neath the plunger a, the admission of the air permitting the plunger a to rise
from the mould 6 without disturbing the figure of the clay or plastic
substance which had been pressed by the said plunger a in the said mould b.
Although my Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of such

page_text: articles in clay or other plastic substance as more or less resemble a hollow
cylinder closed at one end, yet my said Invention is also applicable to the
manufacture of other forms, as my Invention may be applied to the dies or
moulding machinery used in the manufacture of all such articles made from plastic
materials as from their figure render the removal of the internal die or plunger
difficult owing to the partial vacuum which would be left between the plunger
and the plastic material from which it is withdrawn. By my Invention the
plunger or die can be immediately withdrawn after the article has been
fashioned, and the partial drying of the article before the removal of the
plunger, which is practised in the ordinary manufacture, is rendered un-
necessary.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention. But I claim
as my Invention the improvement or improvements in machinery for the
manufacture of articles from clay and other plastic substances, herein-before
described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, the use
of a valve in the piston or plunger by which the interior of articles made of
clay or other plastic material is fashioned, the said valve opening on the rising
of the plunger, thereby admitting air beneath the said piston or plunger, and
permitting of the ready removal of the said piston or plunger from the said
articles.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tingle, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven..
GEORGE TINGLE. (L.S.)