CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SLUBBING,- ROVING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, SILK, WOOL, WORSTED, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EZEKIEL
JONES, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of June, in the fourth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Ezekiel
Jones, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Ezekiel Jones, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the
said Ezekiel Jones, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no other, from time to time and at all times during the term of.
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my,
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SLUBBING,-
ROVING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, SILK, WOOL, WORSTED, FLAX, AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Ezekiel Jones, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will'
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Ezekiel Jones, do hereby declare, that my Invention of Certain Improvements

page_text: in Machinery for Preparing, Slubbing, Roving, Spinning, and Doubling Cotton,
Silk, Wool, Worsted, Flax, and other Fibrous Substances, consists in the con-
struction and mechanical arrangement of two distinct and separate movements
applicable to machinery used for preparing, slubbing, roving, spinning, and
doubling cotton, silk, wool, worsted, flax, and other fibrous substances. One
of these movements is designed to regulate the varying or different speeds
between the bobbin and the flyer of such machinery, so that each succeeding
layer of slubbing, roving, spinning, or doubling yarn may be placed at an
equal tension and in uniform succession during the whole period of placing
the roving or yarn on the bobbin, from the commencement on the bare spool
to its largest diameter, and the other movement is designed to regulate the
distribution of layers and shape of the slubbing, roving, spun thread or doubled
yarn on the surface of the spool or bobbin. And the manner in which the
same are to be performed or carried into effect will be seen by reference to the
annexed Drawings and the following description thereof. The scale to which
the annexed Drawings are made is marked thereon, and the same letters or
figures of reference are used to indicate the same part of the machinery
throughout.
I shall now proceed to describe my improvements as applied to the roving
machine, commonly known as the bobbin and fly frame, which is generally
used for producing the finer qualities of roving, and from this application the
mode of applying my improvements to other slubbing, spinning, and doubling
machinery will be readily understood, the machinery to which these improve-
ments are applicable being always of that description in which a revolving flyer
is used for distributing the roving, slubbing, or yarn. Fig. 1 in the annexed
Drawings represents an end view; Fig. 2 à side view (with the framing broken
to reduce its size); and Fig. 3 a transeverse section of a bobbin and fly frame.
The remaining Figures représents detached parts, which will be referred to
hereafter. In these Figures many of the ordinary parts of the machine are
omitted, for the purpose of better shewing the position and construction of my
improvements, and over which a light tint of color is placed, 'to tender them
better understood.
In Fig. 1 and 2, A représents the fast and loose pullies for 'driving the
machine, the latter being keyed fast on to the shaft great B. At the opposite
extremity of this shaft is placed the differential movement C for governing the
varying speed of the bobbin, as explained in the Specification of a Patent
granted to Henry Houldsworth, and bearing date the Sixteenth day of January,
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-six. This differential movement, now
commonly called the " Jack in in Box," is governed by the varying rotation of

page_text: the pinion D, as is well known to spinners and persons conversant with
machinery of this description, and heretofore a cone movement has generally
effected this object.
My first improvement is designed to obviate the uncertainty of this rotation
when conveyed through a cone and strap:
I shall now proceed to describe this improvement, commencing at the pinion
great E, which partakes of the uniform rotation of the shaft B. From the
pinion E motion is conveyed by the spur wheels e and e¹ to the shaft F, which
is provided with a rib or midfeather, on which the sliding bevil pinion f, sup-
ported in the carriage F, is placed, as seen in dotted lines at Fig. 4, and
endwise at Fig. 5. This bevilf geers into a similar one ½, fixed on the small
stud G, and conveys to it a uniform and regular rotation. Referring to Fig. 4
and 5, which represent a back and end view of this part, the lower extremity
of which is the stud G, and will be seen formed into two cranks or excentric
bearings, placed at right angles to each other. These excentric bearings or
cranks fit respectively into the lateral slots or openings in the vibrating arms
or horizontal levers H, H, as seen Fig. 2, and better seen at Fig. 6, so that the
rotation of the stud G necessarily causes the arms H, H, to perform an equal
vibration, and intersect each other, as indicated by dotted lines at Fig. 6.
This alternating motion of the arms H, H, is conveyed to the bevil segments I
and K through the hollow shaft I, and the shaft K on which the levers H, H,
are respectively supported. The form of the bevil segments I and K are shewn
in plan at Figures 7 and 8; and in Figure 2 they will be seen to geer respec-
tively into the bevil pinions L, L, and M, M, which move free on the shaft N,
but are connected with the spring clicks and ratchet wheels O, O, the interior
construction of which is seen at Figure 9 and 10. These springs, clicks, or
catches are each provided with a ratchet wheel, as seen at P, Figure 9, which
is keyed to the shaft N, and driven by the spring clicks which are placed
on the interior surface of the bosses 0, 0, 0, 0, so that the shaft N is revolved
in the same direction of rotation at each vibration of the vibrating arms or
levers H, H. This rotation of the shaft N is conveyed to the shaft.Q through the
1
P,
spur wheels n, n, and thence to the pinion D. From this arrangement it
will be obvious that the speed of rotation of the pinion D must depend on the
amount of vibration of the vibrating arms or levers H, H, which depends on
the distance of the crank shaft G from the centre of the shafts I and K, on
which the levers H, H, are supported. Thus, supposing the spool or bobbin
on which the roving is to be placed to be empty, or at its least diameter, the
crank stud G would commence in the position shewn at Figure 2, where it

page_text: would impart the greatest amount of vibration to the levers H, H, and con-
sequently the greatest amount of rotation to the pinion D. But as the process
1
of filling the bobbin proceeds, the bevils fand f, Fig. 4 and 5, are traversed along
the shaft F in the direction of the arrow at Figure 2, and the crank shaft G is
caused to act at a greater distance from the fulcrum of the levers H, H, thereby
causing a less amount of vibration, and consequently a decreased speed of rota-
tion in the pinion D. The means by which the traverse of the part Falong with
the bevils ƒ and }, is effected will be hereafter explained; but the above consti-
tutes one of my improvements for governing with greater certainty the varying
rotation of the pinion D, by which the winding-on or uniform tension of the
roving or yarn placed on the bobbin or spool is governed.
1
2
1
I shall now proceed to describe the movement by which the alternating traverse
of the copping rail is regulated, and the form of the roving is built or con-
structed on the spool or bobbin. On the shaft Q is placed a small bevil
pinion 7, which geers into the bevil wheel R placed on the shaft R, the oppo-
site end of which carries the bevil pinion R, geering alternately into the
opposite bevil wheels r, r. These wheels r, r, are keyed to the shaft r, which
is arranged to slide endwise, so that one or the other of the bevils r, r, being
in geer, necessarily produce a reverse rotation of the shaft r. From the
shaft the rotation is conveyed to the shaft S through the pinions s, s; and
this shaft S elevates or depresses the copping rail by rack and pinion, in the
usual manner. T represents a vibrating lever, moving on its fulcrum at t,
and receiving an alternating movement from the transverse of the copping
rail with which it is connected by the stud t taking into the horizontal siot f.
The opposite extremity of this lever T is provided with a segmental wheel,
which geers into a pinion at the back of the grooved plate u, so that the
alternative vibration of the lever T imparts an alternating rotation to the
grooved plate u. On the face of the plate u are cut two concentric grooves,
in which a small stud connected with the part V is inserted; the spring guide
Vforces this stud into the exterior groove when revolving in the direction of
the arrow, and arrived at the point seen at Figure 2, and into the interior
groove when revolved in the opposite direction, and arrived at the opposite
extremity of the exterior groove. The distance between the interior and the
exterior grooves on the face of the plate u is the exact amount of traverse
required for alternately.connecting and disconnecting the bevils r, r, to which the
1

page_text: traverse is conveyed by the part V and the arm ỷ, the latter of which clasps the
1
shaft r, and thus effects the alternating traverse of the copping rail. The perpen-
dicular lever W moves freely on its fulcrum at w, the lower end being connected
with the shifting partV, and the upper extremity provided with a projection which
rests against a stud on the revolving toothed wheel or plate X. By referring to
Figure 2 it will be seen that this toothed plate is provided with two concentric
circles of studs, pins; or teeth, the distance of which correspond with the amount
of the vibration of the lever W; so that, at each vibration, the lever W arrests
or holds on a pin, stud, or tooth in one of the circles alternately, the toothed
plate X having a constant tendency to revolve from the weight ✗, which,
acting through a band or chain on the rack Ỷ, revolves the spur wheel and
pinion X and X, with which the toothed plate X is connected.
3
Ffor
And here I would remark, that the gradual traverse of the part
decreasing the vibration of the levers H, H, is effected by this movement
through the rod X, which connects the part F with the rack X.
Having thus far explained the means by which the copping movement is
effected when the spool is bare, and the winding on of the roving or yarn is
commenced at the greatest traverse of the copping rail, I shall 'proceed to
show how that traverse is decreased so as to form the conical ends to the roving,
as represented on the spindles at Figure 3. On the wheel X is attached a
pinion X, which gears into the wheel ✗, upon which is a pinion gearing into
the segmental or quadrantal wheel Y, moving on its centre at
t. At every
traverse of the copping rail, which relieves a pin, stud, or tooth on the face of
the plate X, this segmental wheel Y is revolved a small distance in the direc-
tion of the bent arrow. The lower segment or quadrant Y geers into a pinion
loose on the fulcrum of the segmental or quadrant lever T. This loose double
pinion also geers into a straight rack Ỷ, which is connected with and
1
I
governs
the position of the stud t, so that every traverse of the copping rail brings the
stud t nearer to the stationary fulcrum t of the segmental lever T, and con-
sequently a less amount of traverse of the copping rail produces the same
rotation in the grooved plate u, and thus the alternating movement is
progressively accellerated, and the conical form of the roving thereby
produced.
:
At Figure 2 the slot or opening &, which is attached to the copping rail to

page_text: allow of the traverse of the stud t¹, is represented as horizontal and straight;
and this arrangement I find suitable for building the conical roving repre-
sented at Figure 3, but it is obvious that the build of the roving may be
varied by varying the inclination and form of this slot, one modification of
which may be understood by forming the slot into a curve instead of a straight
line, which would necessarily form a barrel-shaped or bobbin roving, and the
same arrangement may be variously modified in spinning and doubling
machinery, but such modifications are to obvious to need any elaborate
description.
In applying these improvements to preparation, spinning, or doubling
machinery, it will be remarked that the differential movement for the winding
on, as well as the varying motion of the copping rail, on which the build or
formation of the roving or yarn depends, both arise from the same source, and
are dependent on the speed with which the moveable stud is traversed
towards the fixed fulcrum t, and that the speed of this movement may be
varied by the change pinion X, the stud of which is arranged with a slot for
that purpose. Thus, by changing this pinion, and varying the form of the
slot or guide f, any differential motion may be effected, and any build of roving
or yarn may be produced, on the same machine.
Having now described the nature of my various Improvements in Machinery
for Preparing, Slubbing, Roying, Spinning, and Doubling Cotton, Silk, Wool,
Worsted, Flax, and other Fibrous Substances, and the manner in which the
same are to be performed and carried into effect, I do not claim as my
Invention any separate or well known part of which my improvements are
composed, and I am well aware that the same results may be obtained by
various other combination of parts, without varying from the essential cha-
racteristic of my Invention, which consist, as regards the winding-on motion,
in the varying distance between the fulcrums of the vibrating levers H, H, and
the cranked stud G; and as regards the coping motion, in the varying distance
between the stud t and the fixed fulcrum t. I therefore claim as my Inven-
tion, not only the combination of parts represented and described for effecting
these two movements, but all such modifications of the same as are effected by
the means which govern the action of these movements all which being, to
the best of my knowledge and belief, new, and never before used in this
kingdom, I deliver this as a true and faithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ezekiel Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-one
EZEKIEL (L.S.) JONES.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of December, in
the year of our Lord 1841, the aforesaid Ezekiel Jones came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Tenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and forty-one.