IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR RIVETTING, PUNCHING, AND SHEARING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Harvey, senior, of the Firm of Robert Harvey
and Company, Engineers and Tool Makers, Park Grove Iron Works, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR RIVETTING, PUNCHING, AND SHEARING."
Sealed the 18th February 1879, and dated the 24th August 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Harvey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1878.
ROBERT HARVEY, senior, of the Firm of Robert Harvey and Company, Engineers
and Tool Makers, Park Grove Iron Works, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR RIVETTING, PUNCHING,
AND SHEARING."
This Invention relates to rivetting, punching, and shearing apparatus of the kind
worked by hydraulic power, generally applied by means of what is known as au
accumulator; and one of the objects is to admit of moderate pressures being
employed, so that the cost of the accumulator and of the entire apparatus may be
reduced and the parts be arranged in a more convenient manner than heretofore.
The Invention also comprises improvements applicable to various kinds of
hydraulic rivetting, punching, or shearing apparatus.
In carrying out the Invention the water under pressure is made to act either in
a cylinder having a comparatively long stroke, and acting through the intervention
of a lever; or in a direct-acting cylinder of suitable diameter, the valves being in
both cases arranged so that the water can get freely and rapidly away after having
operated.
-
In one modification of the improved apparatus the hydraulic cylinder is vertical
or nearly so, and oscillates on trunnions at ats lower end, one of which trunnions
contains the inlet and the other the outlet valve. A solid piston or ram works in
the cylinder, being made tight by means of a cup leather, and is jointed at its top
to a lever centered on the standard or frame piece, which at its upper part carries
the guides for the horizontally moving rivetting head, and which is formed with a

page_text: backward extension at its lower part to carry the hydraulic cylinder. The lever
may be constructed and arranged as in the steam rivetting apparatus long known
as Cook's, but which was invented by the present applicant, who has always been the
sole maker of it; or it may be in the form of a bell crank having a horizontal arm
connected to the ram of the hydraulic cylinder and a shorter vertical arm connected
to the rivetting head. The short arm of the bell crank acts directly upon the back
of the rivetting head when rivetting, but short links are jointed to the sides of the
head and lever to enable the lever to draw the head back.
The trunnions of the hydraulic cylinder are held in bearings, and the end of the
cylinder between the trunnions is shaped to fit and turn on a segmental cylindrical
bearing surface, which is concentric with the trunnion bearings, and in this way
additional surface is provided to resist the re-actionary thrust of the cylinder.
The inlet and outlet passages communicate with the trunnions by packed recesses
in the trunnion bearings, and the valves which work inside of the trunnions are
formed in one piece, or are connected so as to be moved together by means of a
lever fixed on a valve spindle projecting through a cup leather packing at one of
the trunnions.
The outlet valve is made with two or more ports, so that a small movement of
the valve gives a comparatively large aggregate discharge area; the inlet valve may
also be made with two or more ports.
Instead of placing the cylinder vertically, as nerein-before described, it may be
placed horizontally or at any convenient angle, the lever being modified to suit, and
being arranged to act on the rivetting head on any side of its fulcrum.
In a second modification a direct-acting hydraulic cylinder is used and is inovable,
the rivetting head being formed on or fixed to its outer end and working through a
guide, whilst the cylinder itself works on a stationary piston or head fixed or formed
on the framing, the cylinder being packed with a cup leather. The stationary
piston or head admits of the valve passages, valves, and other parts being very
conveniently arranged.
A spring for drawing back the cylinder after each stroke is placed in a hollow
formed for it in the stationary head, and acts on a disc formed with lugs connected
to the cylinder by external side rods. If preferred,.a.weight_may be. arranged to
draw back the cylinder.
An improvement applicable to any of the modifications herein-before described
consists in combining the accumulator details with the other parts and upon the
same framing or sole, the framing being made hollow to serve as a tank for the
water employed in the accumulator. This arrangement renders the entire apparatus
compact and self-contained, and the added weight has the advantage of rendering
the machine steady, and of dispensing with separate heavy foundations.
The arrangement of moving cylinder herein-before described is applicable to
portable rivetting apparatus as well as to stationary apparatus.
One modification of valves, and which can be used with the moving cylinder or
with a fixed cylinder and moving ram or piston, is of the rotating class, and is
contrived so that a small movement puts two or more ports in communication.
One passage is made diametrically across the valve, and when in a certain position
puts a port of the water inlet in communication with a port leading to the cylinder,
and at the same time a second passage in the valve puts the port of a branch passage
from the inlet in communication with the port of a branch of the passage to the
cylinder. When the valve is moved into its position for discharging, a similar
double connection is formed with the outlet by double ports and branch passages.
In another modification of the valves separate inlet and outlet valves are used,
and a very small valve is combined with each main valve with its rod in a position
to be acted on by the lever or tappet before the main valve begins to be moved, and
so as to relieve the pressure on the main valve.
The improved arrangements herein-before described as for rivetting are applicable
with suitable adaptations for punching or shearing purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Robert Harvey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd February
1879.
ROBERT HARVEY, senior, of the Firm of Robert Harvey and Company, Engineers
and Tool Makers, Park Grovo Iron Works, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR RIVETTING, PUNCHING,
AND SHEARING."
'
My said Invention relates to rivetting, punching, and shearing apparatus of the
kind worked by hydraulic power, generally applied by means of what is known as
án accumulator; and one of my objects is to admit of moderate pressures being
employed, so that the cost of the accumulator and of the entire apparatus may be
reduced and the parts be arranged in a more convenient manner than heretofore.
My Invention also comprises improvements applicable to various kinds of
hydraulic rivetting, punching, or shearing apparatus.
In carrying out my Invention the water under pressure is made to act either in
a cylinder having a comparatively long stroke, and acting through the intervention
of a lever; or in a direct-acting cylinder of suitable diameter, the valves being in
both cases arranged so that the water can get freely and rapidly away after having
operated.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing the same,
may be properly understood, I hereunto append two Sheets of explanatory Drawings,
to be herein-after referred to, and representing various modifications of my improved
I apparatus. In these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation, and
Figure 2 is a back elevation of a rivetting machine as made with one modification
of my improved arrangements. In this modification the bydraulic cylinder 1 is
vertical, or nearly so, and oscillates on trunnions 2; 3, at its lower end, these
trunnions containing one the inlet and the other the outlet, as will be best seen in
the enlarged section, Figure 3. A solid piston or ram 4 works in the cylinder 1,
being made tight by means of a cup leather packing, and is connected at its top to
i lever 5 centered on the standard or frame piece 6. This standard 6 is at its upper
part made with cheeks between which the lever 5 works, the centre being formed
by a pin 7 passing through the cheeks and lever. The standard 6 is also formed
and fitted at its upper part with guides for the horizontally moving rivetting
head 8. The lever 5 may be constructed and arranged as in the steam rivetting
apparatus long known as Cook's, but which was invented by me, and of which I
have always been the sole maker; or the lever 5 may, as shown in Figure 1 and 2,
be in the form of a bell crank having its horizontal arm or part connected to the
ram 4 of the bydraulic cylinder 1, and its shorter vertical arm or part connected to
the rivetting head 8. The lever 5 acts or bears directly upon the back of the
rivetting head, 8 when rivetting, but short links 9 (indicated by dotted lines in
Figure 1) are jointed to the sides of the head 8 and lever 5 to enable the lever to
draw the head 8 back.
The trunnions 2, 3, of the hydraulic cylinder 1 are held in bearings 10, 11, bolted
to the lower part of the standard 6 and the end 12 of the cylinder between the
trunnions is shaped to fit and turn on a segmental cylindrical bearing surface which
is concentric with the trunnion bearings, and in this way additional surface is
provided to resist the re-actionary thrust of the cylinder.
The inlet and outlet. passages 13, 14, communicate with the trunnions 2, 3, by
packed recesses 15, 10, in the trunnions bearings 10, 11, and extending round the
trunnions, which are formed, with a number of corresponding ports. The valves
17, 18, are inside of the trunnions, and are formed in one piece, being connected by
a middle part 19 which is in the form of a cross in cross section. A spindle 20 is

page_text: fixed to or formed on one end of the valve piece 18, 19, 17, and has a hand lever 21
fixed on it externally.
The gland through which the valve spindle 20 passes may be made water-tight
by a cup leather, or, as is shown, by a conical collar formed on it, a screw 22 being
applied at the other end to hold the valve piece in position endways.
The outlet valve 18 is made with two or more ports, so that a small movement
of the valve gives a comparatively large aggregate discharge area; the inlet valve 17
may also be made with two or more ports.
Instead of placing the cylinder 1 vertically, as herein-before described, it may be
placed horizontally or at any convenient angle, the lever 5 being modified to suit,
and being arranged to act on the rivetting head 8 on any side of its fulcrum.
In a second arrangement, which is shown in side elevation in Figure 4 on Sheet 2
of the accompanying Drawings, and in front elevation in Figure 5, a direct-acting
hydraulic cylinder 23 is used and is movable, the rivetting head 8 being formed on
or fixed to its outer end. The cylinder 23 works in a cylindrical guide 24 fixed on
the standard or frame piece 6. The cylinder 23 and parts adjacent are shown in
vertical section in Figure 6 as arranged according to one modification, whilst
Figure 7 is a vertical section showing a different modification. The piston or
ram 25 is stationary, the cylinder 23 working on it, which admits of the ram 25
being fixed directly to the standard 6, and of the valve passages, valves, and other
parts being very conveniently arranged.
Cup leather packing is shown as fitted to the stationary ram 25 in both modifi-
cations, Figures 6 and 7, and in that shown in Figure 6 such packing is also shown
as fitted to the inner end of the cylinder 23.
The water for moving the cylinder 23 outwards when rivetting enters and returns
by the passage 26; and in the modification shown in Figure 6 the cylinder is moved
back by water entering by a passage 27 to the space between the two packings, and
acting on the packing at the inner end of the cylinder, the area of this packing
being sufficient for the purpose.
In the modification shown in Figure 7 a rod 28 fixed to the front end of the
cylinder 23 passes through cup leather packing, and through the ram 25 to a
spring-29-at the back,-and-this spring 29 moves back the cylinder 23 after_each_
stroke.
The cylinder 23 may be connected by external side rods to the disc at the back
of the spring 29; and, if preferred, a weight inay be used instead of the spring 29,
or other means for moving back the cylinder.
An improvement applicable to any of the modifications herein-before described,
or to other hydraulic rivetting, punching, or shearing machines consists in combining
the accumulator details with the other parts and upon the same framing or sole, the
framing being made hollow to serve as a tank for the water employed in the
accumulator. This arrangement renders the entire apparatus compact and self-
contained, and the added weight has the advantage of rendering the machine steady
and of dispensing with separate heavy foundations.
One modification of valve which can be used with the moving cylinder (23) or
with a fixed cylinder and moving ram or piston is of the rotating class, and is
contrived so. that a small movement puts two or more ports in communication.
This valve is shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings, Figure 8 being a vertical section, whilst Figures 9 and 10 are horizontal
sections, the central rotating valve piece 30 being shown in different positions in
the latter Figures. One passage, 31, is made diametrically across the valve piece 30,
and when in the position shown in Figure 10 puts a port of the water inlet 32 in
communication with a port of the passage 33 leading to the cylinder, and at the
same time a second passage 34 in the valve piece 30 puts a second port of the inlet
passage 32 in communication with a second port of the passage 33 leading to the
cylinder. When the valve piece 30 is moved into the position for discharging,
shown in Figure 9, a similar double connection is formed with the outlet 35 by

page_text: means of a three-ported passage 36 formed through the valve piece 30, as will be
easily understood from the Figure.
In another modification of the valves separate inlet and outlet valves of any
suitable kind are used, and a very small valve is combined with each main valve
with its rod in a position to be acted on by the lever or tappet before the main
valve begins to be moved, and so as to relieve the pressure on the main valve.
My arrangement of moving cylinder (23), herein-before described, is applicable to
portable rivetting apparatus as well as to stationary apparatus; and the various
improved arrangements herein-before described as for rivetting are applicable with
suitable adaptations for punching or shearing purposes.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described and delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and original,
and claim as the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The combination in a rivetting, punching, or shearing machine of the oscillating
hydraulic cylinder (1) and lever (5), substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described.
2. The constructing and arranging of the valves of the oscillating hydraulic
cylinder, substantially in the manner herein-before described.
3. The fixing of the moving part (rivetting die, or punch, or cutter) of a rivetting,
punching, or shearing machine upon an hydraulic cylinder working. upon a
stationary ram or piston, as herein-before described.
4. The combination of an hydraulic accumulator upon the same framing or sole
of the rivetting, punching, or shearing apparatus worked thereby, substantially as
and for the purposes herein-before described.
5. The construction of valve herein-before described with reference to Figures 8,
9, and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Harvey, senior, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ROBERT HARVEY. (L.S.)