Improvements in and relating to Studs and Solitaires.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Studs and Solitaires.
We, ADOLF PICK and MAX FLEISCHNER, of 67 Schottenfeldgasse, Vienna VII,
in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturers of Jewellery, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to studs and solitaires and comprises mechanism the action
of which is based upon a wedge arranged to be displaced in the shank of the stud
and which is forced by the pressure of a spring or springs into recesses in the
tongues forming the base of the stud and pivoted to the shank. As long as the
pressure of the spring or springs can act upon the wedge without obstruction these
tongues are held in the horizontal or open position. If the tongues are closed the
wedge is pushed back in the shank by their edges wedged against each other, the
pressure of the spring which acts upon the said wedge being overcome.
This backward movement is effected by closing the tongues with the hand.
When the tongues are released they will again be opened by the advancing wedge,
if this is not prevented by a special arrangement. As such may be used a sliding
sleeve or the like surrounding the shank of the stud, the said sleeve being caused
by one or more springs to slide along the shank and press against the tongues.
When these are closed the sleeve slides over the recessed edges of the tongues and
bears with its lower edge upon the edges of the recesses so that the tongues will
remain in the closed position and the wedge forced upwards in the interior of the
shank cannot come into action. When however the sleeve is slid upwards on the
shank the released tongues will immediately yield to the action of the advancing
wedge and will open.
In the accompanying drawing are represented studs constructed according to our
invention.
Figures 1 to 6 and 12 to 13 show a simple arrangement, in which the tongues,
when they are not kept closed with the hand, are always in the open position.
Figures 7 to 11 show studs having sliding sleeves which hold the closed tongues
in this position.
Figures 1 and 2 are two sections taken at a right angle to each other.
Figure 3 is a view of a stud as seen from below;.
Figures 4 to 6 show several arrangements of the wedge mechanism.
Figure 7 is a lateral view of a stud provided with the sliding sleeve.
Figure 8 shows an elevation and Figure 9 a horizontal section of the wedge
mechanism of this stud.
Figure 10 is a section taken at a right angle to the lateral view of Figure 7.
Figure 11 is a view of this stud as seen from below.
Figures 12 and 13 represent a stud without a sliding sleeve, Figure 12 being a
vertical section showing the tongues closed, and Figure 13 being a horizontal
section with the tongues open.
The wedge mechanism is independent of the sliding sleeve mechanism, inasmuch
as the latter may be used in combination with any wedge mechanism.
Accordingly the sliding sleeve mechanism represented in Figures 7 to 11 may
also be arranged on studs which possess a wedge mechanism other than that shown
in the figures.
In all the cases represented the U-shaped shank a fixed to the head g of the
stud carries at its free ends the pivoted tongues which are provided at their

page_text: inwardly turned edges with recesses
pressure of a spring or springs is inserted.
into which a sliding wedge under the
The wedge may be arranged in various manners.
The wedge shown in Figure 1 is U-shaped and guided, by means of its pro-
jections c which extend outwards, in slits e¹ of a second U-shaped piece e which
has its position reversed, the spring which forces the wedge outwards being
supported at one end by the upper transverse piece of the said U-shaped piece e,
and at the other end in a central recess of the wedge c. Such a stud is composed
by pressing the parts c d and e, which are connected with each other, from one side
into the shank a until the wedge c moves into the recesses of the tongues bb.
The other wedge mechanisms shown in the drawing have no U-shaped piece e for
guiding the wedge, which latter is adapted to be displaced directly in the shank a
itself.
Figure 4 shows the wedge c under the action of two springs d d which bear above
against the piece connecting the arms of the shank a and below against the wedge.
In the modification represented in Figure 5 the wedge e is forced outwards by a
spring which bears on the one hand against a small plate e' placed in the shank
and on the other hand against the wedge, the ends of the said spring being wound
round pins or projections on the bearing surfaces.
In lieu of one or two spiral springs it use may be made, as in the modification
represented in Figure 6, of a bent plate spring the ends of which bear against
the inner side of the wedge c whilst its middle part bears against a small plate e
placed in the shank a.
In all these arrangements the wedge may possess lateral projections by means of
which it is guided in slots or grooves provided in the lateral arms of the shank a.
Figures 8 to 9 and 12 to 13 represent mechanisms with guided wedges.
In the first-mentioned arrangement illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 the wedge c is
provided on a U-shaped piece guided with lateral projections in slots of the
U-shaped shank a, and is under the action of a spring d which surrounds a central
pin or projection on the U-shaped wedge bearer and is supported in the bend a¹
of the shank.
Figures 12 and 13 show a mechanism the shank of which possesses channel-
shaped arms closed below. The pivots of the tongues b, b, Figure 12 rest loosely
upon the lower terminal plates of the shank arms, instead of being journalled in the
arms of the stud shank, as in all the cases hereinbefore mentioned, and they are
always held in this position by the wedge c under the action of a spring. The
wedge c made in one piece with its U-shaped bearer is likewise channel-shaped,
and the latter is provided with lateral projecting parts c¹ which engage with the
channels in the arms of the shank a and serve as guides. The spring d extends
into the hollow wedge c and bears above against the splint & by means of which
the shank is connected with the head plate i.
In order to secure the wedge mechanism in its position after it has been placed
in the shank a sleeve is slid upon the shank. This may be either fixed or arranged
to slide for the purpose herein before set forth.
In the first case (Figures 1 and 2) the sleeve extends into a corresponding
recess in the head y. This recess serves at the same time for the reception of the
part connecting the two arms of the shank which is preferably provided with a
bend a extending beyond the sleeve f and entering a corresponding recess in the
head of the stud.
When the two tongues bb are not closed by lateral pressure they always occupy
the open position represented in Figures 1 to 3. The closing of the tongues is
effected by the wedge c being pressed into the shank a, the spring or springs d
being compressed at the same time. When therefore the stud is passed with the
tongues, turned into the plane of its shank, through the stud hole the tongues will
at once be opened automatically and hold the stud in its hole. In order to remove
it again it is sufficient to take it by its head g and pull it from the stud hole the
edges of which cause the tongues to close.

page_text: If the tongues are to be held in the closed position a sleeve his slid upon the
shank a, Figures 7 to 11, containing the wedge mechanism and having a flange h¹
between which and the head plate is arranged a spiral spring j (or a plate spring)
which forces the sleeve h against the tongues bb.
When the tongues bb have been closed, and the wedge c is thereby pressed into
the shank a, the sleeve under the action of the spring slides forwards and with
its lower edge transmits the pressure exerted upon it to the horizontal edges of the
recesses in the tongues, so that these are kept closed (Figure 7). On the other
hand, when the sleeve h, on the stud being inserted into the stud hole, is pushed a
little upwards by the edges of the latter, the pressure upon the edges of the
tongues ceases and the wedge e obeys the action of its spring d, passes between
the tongues and causes them to open. In this position (Figure 10) the tongues
hold the sliding sleeve in the raised position, as the spring acting upon the
latter is not strong enough to overcome the pressure exerted by the inner spring or
springs d upon the wedge.
The stud represented in Figures 7 to 11 is composed in the following manner.
After the wedge c has been placed with its spring d in the shank a the sleeve h is
slid ou from above, the spring is put round the upper end of the shank protruding
from the sleeve, and finally the head plate i, which has a slit in the centre for the
passage of the bend a' of the shank, is put on and fixed by means of a splint & to
be passed through the eye formed by the said bend. By the head g fixed upon the
head plate i the splint is then prevented from falling out.
Dated this 15th day of September 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
c
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in and relating to Studs and Solitaires.
We, ADOLF PICK and MAX FLEISCHNER, of 67 Schottenfeldgasse, Vienna VII,
in the Empire of Austria, Manufacturers of Jewellery, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to studs and solitaires and comprises mechanism the action
of which is based upon a wedge arranged to be displaced in the shank of the stud
and which is forced by the pressure of a spring or springs into recesses in the
tongues forming the base of the stud and pivoted to the shank. As long as the
pressure of the spring or springs can act upon the wedge without obstruction these
tongues are held in the horizontal or open position. If the tongues are closed the
wedge is pushed back in the shank by their edges wedging against each other, the
pressure of the spring which acts upon the said wedge being overcome.
This backward movement is effected by closing the tongues with the hand.
When the tongues are released they will again be opened by the advancing wedge,
if this is not prevented by a special arrangement. As such may be used a sliding
sleeve or the like surrounding the shank of the stud, the said sleeve being caused
by one or more springs to slide along the shank and press against the tongues.
When these are closed the sleeve slides over the recessed edges of the tongues and
bears with its lower edge upon the edges of the recesses so that the tongues will
remain in the closed position and the wedge forced upwards in the interior of the
shank cannot come into action. When however the sleeve is slid upwards on the
shank the released tongues will immediately yield to the action of the advancing
wedge and will open.
In the drawing left with our Provisional Specification are represented studs
constructed according to our invention.

page_text: Figures 1 to 6 and 12 to 13 show a simple arrangement, in which the tongues,
when they are not kept closed with the hand, are always in the open position.
Figures 7 to 11 show studs having sliding sleeves which hold the closed tongues
in this position.
Figures 1 and 2 are two sections taken at a right angle to each other.
Figure 3 is a view of a stud as seen from below;
Figures 4 to 6 show several arrangements of the wedge mechanism.
Figure 7 is a lateral view of a stud provided with the sliding sleeve.
Figure 8 shows an elevation and
Figure 9 an horizontal section of the wedge mechanism of this stud.
Figure 10 is a section taken at a right angle to the lateral view of Figure 7.
Figure 11 is a view of this stud as seen from below.
Figures 12 and 13 represent a button without a sliding sleeve, Figure 12 being a
stud section showing the tongues closed, and Figure 13 being a horizontal section
with the tongues open.
to 11
The wedge mechanism is independent of the sliding sleeve mechanism, inasmuch
as the latter may be used in combination with any wedge mechanism.
Accordingly the sliding sleeve mechanism represented in Figures
also be arranged on studs which possess a wedge mechanism other than that shown
in the said figures.
may
In all the cases represented the U-shaped shank a fixed to the head g of the stud
carries at its free ends the pivoted tongues bbwhich are provided at their inwardly
turned edges with recesses & into which sliding wedge under the pressure of a
spring or springs is inserted.
The wedge may be arranged in various manners.
The wedge shown in Figure 1 is U-shaped and guided, by means of its
projections which extend outwards, in slits e' of a second U-shaped piece e which
has its position reversed, the spring d which forces the wedge outwards being
supported at one end by the upper transverse piece of the said U-shaped piece e,
and at the other end in a central recess of the wedge c. Such a stud is composed
by pressing the parts c d and e, which are connected with each other, from one side
into the shank a until the wedge c moves into the recesses of the tongues bb.
The other wedge mechanisms shown in the drawing have no U-shaped piece e
for guiding the wedge, which latter is adapted to be displaced directly in the shank a
itself.
Figure 4 shows the wedge c under the action of two springs d d which bear above
against the piece connecting the arms of the shank a and below against the wedge.
In the modification represented in Figure 5 the wedge c is forced outwards by a
spring d which bears on the one hand against a small plate e² placed in the shank,
and on the other hand against the wedge, the ends of the said spring being wound
round pins or projections on the bearing surfaces.
In lieu of one or two spiral springs duse may be made, as in the modification
represented in Figure 6 of a bent plate spring the ends of which bear against
the inner side of the wedge c whilst its middle part bears against a small plate e³
placed in the shank a.
In all these arrangements the wedge may possess lateral projections by means of
which it is guided in slots or grooves provided in the lateral arms of the shank a.
Figures 8 to 9 and 12 to 13 represent mechanisms with guided wedges.
In the first-mentioned arrangement illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 the wedge c is
provided on a U-shaped piece guided with lateral projectious in slots of the
U-shaped shank a, and is under the action of a spring d which surrounds a cental
pin or projections c² on the U-shaped wedge bearer and is supported in the bend a¹
of the shank.
Figures 12 and 13 show a mechanism the shank a of which possesses channel-
shaped arms closed below. The pivots of the tongues b, Figure 12, rest loosely
upon the lower terminal plates of the shank arms, instead of being journalled in the
arms of the stud shank, as in all the cases herein before mentioned, and they are

page_text: always held in this position by the wedge e under the action of a spring. The
wedge e made in one piece with its U-shaped bearer is likewise channel-shaped, and
the latter is provided with lateral projecting parts C₁ which engage with the
channels in the arms of the shank a and serve as guides. The spring d extends
into the hollow wedge and bears above against the splint by means of which the
shank is connected with the head plate i.
In order to secure the wedge mechanism in its position after it has been placed-
in the shank a sleeve is slid upon the shank. This may be either fixed or arranged.
to slide for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
In the first case (Figures 1 and 2) the sleeve extends into a corresponding
recess in the head g. This recess serves at the same time for the reception of the
part connecting the two arms of the shank a which is preferably provided with a.
bend a extending beyond the sleeve and entering a corresponding recess in the
head of the stud.
When the two tongues are not closed by lateral pressure they always occupy
the open position represented in Figures 1 to 3. The closing of the tongues is.
effected by the wedge e being pressed into the shank a, the spring or springs d
being compressed at the same time. When therefore the stud is passed with the-
tongues turned into the plane of its shank through the stud hole, the tongues will
at once be opened automatically and hold the stud in its hole. In order to remove
it again it is sufficient to take it by its head g and pull it from the stud hole the
edges of which cause the tongues to close.
If the tongues are to be held in the closed position a sleeve his slid upon.
the shank a Figures 7 to 11 containing the wedge mechanism and baving a
flange between which and the head plate i is arranged a spiral spring j, (or
a plate spring) which forces the sleeve against the tongues bb.
When the tongues have been closed, and the wedge c is thereby pressed into.
the shank a, the sleeve h under the action of the spring slides forwards and with.
its lower edge transmits the pressure exerted upon it to the horizontal edges of the
recesses in the tongues, so that these are kept closed (Figure 7). On the other hand,.
when the sleeve h, on the stud being inserted into the stud hole, is pushed a little
upwards by the edges of the latter, the pressure upon the edges of the tongues.
ceases and. the wedge e obeys the action of its spring d, passes between the
tongues b and causes them to open. In this position (Figure 10) the tongues hold
the sliding sleeve h in the raised position, as the spring acting upon the latter is.
not strong enough to overcome the pressure exerted by the inner spring or springs d
upon the wedge.
The stud represented in Figures 7 to 11 is composed in the following manner..
After the wedge e has been placed with its spring d in the shank a the sleeve his
slid on from above, the spring jis put round the upper end of the shank protruding
from the sleeve, and finally the head plate i, which has a slit in the centre for the
passage of the bend a' of the shank, is put on and fixed by means of a splint k to be
passed through the eye formed by the said bend. By the head 9 then fixed upon
the head plate the splint is then prevented from falling out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what wo
claim is :-
―
First. A stud mechanism, characterized by a wedge c arranged to be able to slide
in shank a and placed under the action of spring pressure, which is pressed into
recesses of tongues b forming the foot of the stud and pivoted to the shank, thereby
keeping these tongues turned apart.
Second. In a stud mechanism of the kind characterized in the first claim a
sleeve hembracing the shank a and adapted to slide upon the same, which sleeve is
pressed by a spring j in opposition to the tongues bb so that its lower edge presses
against the edges of the recesses b¹ of the tongues bb placed together and prevents
these from turning open, while in the displacement of the sleeve towards the head i

page_text: of the stud the tongues bb become free and turn open, in which position they will
in their turn keep the sleeve h in a raised inactive position.
Third. A constructional form of the mechanism described in the first claim,
characterized by the support of the wedge e in a bow-shaped frame e placed in the
shank a and in whose lateral slots e' the pins c' of the wedge c continually pressed
outwards by a spring d can be guided (Figure 1).
Fourth. A constructional form of the mechanism described in the first claim,
characterized by the arrangement of two springs d acting upon the wedge c and
which on the one hand bear upon the wedge and on the other hand upon the shank a
(Figure 4).
Fifth. A mechanism described in the first claim, characterized by the arrange-
ment of a spring & held by an upper projection on the wedge c and bearing on the
other hand upon a small plate e inserted into the shank a (Figure 5).
Sixth. A constructional form of the mechanism described in the first claim,
characterized by the arrangement of a spring d¹ bent together which bears with its
ends upon the wedge e and with its middle part upon a small plate e inserted into
the shank a, and which acts upon the wedge e (Figure 6).
Seventh. A constructional form of the mechanism characterized in the first
claim, in which the wedge c is arranged on a U-shaped support guided in slots or
grooves in the shank, and is under the action of a spring which is wound about a
middle pin of this U-shaped support and bears upon the upper thickened part a'
of the shank (Figure 8).
Eighth. A modification of the constructional form characterized in the seventh
claim, which consists in that the hollow wedge e formed in one piece with its U-shaped
support and receiving the lower part of the spring d is guided on lateral depressions
of its support in channel-shaped arms of the shank a and that the bolts of the
tongues are placed loose in the arms of the shank which are closed below
(Figure 12).
1
P +
སད པས པ༥,
LOOK
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.