A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER THREADS, ALSO IN COVERING MILL STRAPS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
EDWARD JUDSON, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Sadler,
and EDWARD BANTON, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Commercial
Traveller, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Ninth day of October, in the ninth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Joseph
Edward Judson and Edward Banton, our exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
Joseph Edward Judson and Edward Banton, our exors, admors, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Joseph Edward Judson and Edward Banton,
our exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "A CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING
COTTON AND OTHER THREADS, ALSO IN COVERING MILL STRAPS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that we, the said Joseph Edward
Judson and Edward Banton, or one of us, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of our Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
bad, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Joseph Edward Judson and Edward Banton, do hereby declare that the
nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following descrip-
tion thereof, reference being had unto the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
Our Invention consists of, firstly, a method or methods of covering the
rollers used in spinning cotton and other threads with an elastic composition,
varnish, or japan, which elastic composition, varnish, or japan prevents wholly
or in part the formation of permanent grooves or indentations on the surface of
the rollers, which grooves or indentations are formed during use on rollers as
commonly constructed, both by the action of the thread, and also by the action
of the fluted rollers which work against the said rollers, and which said
grooves or indentations render the rollers on which they are formed useless.
The said covering of elastic composition, varnish, or japan also prevents more
or less the dragging of the threads, which usually takes place with rollers of
the ordinary construction.
And, secondly, of a method or methods of covering the leather straps or bands
used in driving machinery, with an elastic composition, varnish, or japan, the
application of which elastic composition, varnish, or japan renders the said
straps or bands impervious to water and more durable; also in covering straps
or bands made of linen, cotton, tape, or woollen bands with an elastic com-
position, varnish, or japan, so as to make the said straps or bands impervious
to oil and water and more durable.
The first part of our Invention we carry into effect as follows, that is to say:
We construct rollers to be used in spinning cotton and other threads in the
usual way, namely, we cover the iron roller with a layer or stratum of woollen a
cloth, and afterwards apply over the said layer or stratum of woollen cloth
a layer or stratum of leather. The method or methods of applying the said
woollen cloth and leather are well known and commonly practised, and
constitute no part of our Invention; we therefore deem a particular account
of the said method or methods of applying the said woollen cloth and leather a
unnecessary. After having completed the roller in the ordinary manner, we
apply on the surface thereof one or more coatings or layers of the varnish, com-
position, or japan used by leather manufacturers in manufacturing the varnished
or japanned leather commonly known as "enamelled" or "patent leather;" or,

page_text: instead of the composition, varnish, or japan used by leather manufacturers in
the manufacture of the said enamelled or patent leather, we apply one or more
coatings or layers of the composition, varnish, or japan used by japanners, and
japanners of papier machée, or any other composition, varnish, or japan which
5 possesses sufficient elasticity. The methods of manufacturing or compounding
the several compositions, varnishes, or japans which we use in carrying our.
Invention into effect constitute no part of our Invention, neither do the.
several methods by which the said compositions, varnishes, or japans may
be applied constitute any part of our Invention; we therefore deem it
unnecessary to describe the several methods of manufacturing and applying
the said compositions, varnishes, or japans.
Instead of covering the rollers in the manner described, that is to say, by
first covering them in the manner in which they are ordinarily covered, and
afterwards covering or coating them with an elastic composition, varnish, or
japan, we sometimes carry this part of our Invention into effect in the
following manner, that is to say:-We cover the iron roller with a stratum or
layer of woollen cloth, as herein-before described, but instead of applying a
stratum or layer of plain leather on the said stratum of woollen cloth, we apply
a stratum of enamelled or patent leather, or of leather coated or covered with
any of the elastic compositions, varnishes, or japans herein-before enumerated,
and we afterwards apply a coating of elastic composition, varnish, or japan over
the seam or junction of the said leather, and also at the ends of the cylindrical
stratum or layer of leather, in order that the whole external surface of the said
leather may be covered with elastic composition, varnish, or japan. We some-
times carry this part of our Invention into effect by covering the rollers with a
covering of linen or cotton instead of leather (a stratum or layer of woollen cloth
having been previously applied to the said rollers), and apply the elastic com-
position, varnish, or japan to the said covering of linen or cotton.
We apply
the several methods of covering rollers herein-before described to the coating or
covering of rollers used in the spinning of cotton, silk, or silk waste, and flax.
In applying our Invention to the rollers of wood which are used in spinning
wool into threads, we pursue the following method, that is to say:-We apply
any of the compositions, varnishes, or japans herein-before enumerated to one or
both surfaces of skins or hides of leather, and cut the skins or hides so treated
or prepared into pieces of a suitable size for covering the said rollers. The
said pieces of leather are fastened on the said rollers in the usual way. The
seam or joining and the edges of the leather may afterwards be covered with
a layer of composition, varnish, or japan; or, instead of covering the leather
with a suitable composition, varnish, or japan before fastening the said icatlor

page_text: on the said rollers, we fasten pieces of plain or unprepared leather on the said
rollers, and afterwards apply the composition, varnish, or japan on the surface,
or on the surface and edges of the said leather, or we take rollers made in
every respect according to the method commonly employed and cover the said
rollers with the composition, varnish, or japan; or, instead of covering the said
rollers with leather, we cover them with strong cotton or woollen felt which
has been previously covered with elastic composition, varnish, or japan, or we
first fasten the said cotton or woollen felt to the rollers, and afterwards apply
the said elastic composition, varnish, or japan.
In addition to the advantage which the application of an elastic composition,
varnish, or japan to the surface of rollers used for spinning cotton or other.
threads has in preventing the formation on the said rollers of permanent
grooves or indentations, it has the following:-The whole of the surface being
covered with a composition, varnish, or japan, which is impervious to oil, the
oil used to lubricate the axes of the said rollers is prevented from coming in
contact with the woollen cloth with which the said rollers are covered, and on
which the elasticity of the roller in part depends. In rollers constructed in
the ordinary manner, the oil used to lubricate the axes of the said rollers
insinuates itself under the leather with which the roller is covered, and is
absorbed by the woollen cloth. The said woollen cloth is thereby made hard,
and the elasticity of the roller impaired. By our improved method of covering
rollers, the woollen cloth is prevented from absorbing the oil used to lubricate
the axes of the rollers, and the consequent partial destruction of the elasticity
of the roller is avoided; for the elastic composition, varnish, or japan with
which we cover the said rollers spreads over the whole cylindrical surface of
the said rollers, and partly over the ends of the same, and the said elastic
composition, varnish, or japan being impervious to oil, the elasticity of the
woollen cloth is preserved.
.
That part of our. Invention herein-before described, that is to say, our
improvement or improvements in covering rollers used for spinning cotton and
other threads, is illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying
Drawing, the said Figures illustrating this part of our Invention as applied to
rollers used for spinning cotton. Figure 1 represents an iron roller. Figure 2
represents the said iron roller covered with its stratum or layer of woollen
cloth, part of the said Figure being a sectional representation. Figure 3
represents the said iron roller covered with woollen cloth and leather, part of
the said Figure being a sectional representation; and Figure 4 represents
a roller covered with clastic composition, varnish, or japan, after the manner
of our Invention, part of the said Figure being a sectional representation.

page_text: The iron roller is indicated in each Figure by the letter a; the woolen cloth is
indicated in Figures 2, 3, and 4 by the letter
and the leather is indicated in
Figures 3 and 4 by the letter c; the coating of elastic composition, varnish, or
japan is indicated in Figure 4 by the letter d.
The second part of our Invention is carried into effect in the following
manner, that is to say:-We cover one or both sides of hides or skins of any
description of leather with any of the compositions, varnishes, or japans herein-
before enumerated, and afterwards cut the said hides or skins into straps or
bands of suitable width; we then join the ends of the said straps by sewing
or otherwise, and sometimes afterwards cover the edges and the joined ends
with any of the compositions, varnishes, or japans herein-before enumerated;
or we cut the straps or bands out of plain hides or skins of leather, and after
having joined the ends we coat or cover the whole of the surfaces and edges
of the said straps or bands, or one side and edges only, with any of the
compositions, varnishes, or japans herein-before enumerated; or we make
straps or bands of woollen or cotton felt, or of linen or cotton tape, and
afterwards cover the whole of the surfaces and edges or any part of the same
with any of the compositions, varnishes, or japans herein-before enumerated.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we are
aware that rollers used in spinning cotton have or may have been covered
with the japanned leather commonly called enamelled or patent leather, and
we lay no claim to the covering of rollers used in spinning cotton with the
said enamelled or patent leather, excepting when the said enamelled or patent
leather is applied and afterwards treated in the manner herein-before described,
and represented in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, the seam or
joining of the ends of the said enamelled or patent leather, and also the ends
of the rollers, being covered with a coating of elastic composition, varnish, or
japan, so as to form a continuous cylindrical and elastic surface. But we
claim as our Invention,-
Firstly, the coating or covering of rollers used in spinning cotton, silk, silk
waste, flax and other fibrous substances into threads, with a stratum or layer
of an elastic composition, varnish, or japan, for the purpose of wholly or partly
preventing the formation of the permanent grooves or indentations on the said
rollers, whether the said rollers be covered with any of the compositions,
varnishes, or japans herein-before enumerated, or with any other suitable
composition, varnish, or japan as herein-before described, and represented in
the accompanying Drawing.

page_text: Secondly, the method of constructing rollers for spinning cotton, silk, silk
waste, flax, and other fibrous substances, by first covering the said rollers with
a stratum or layer of woolen cloth, and afterwards with a stratum or layer of
cotton or linen, and afterwards with a stratum or layer of any of the elastic
compositions, varnishes, or japans herein-before enumerated, or with any other
suitable composition, varnish, or japan, as herein-before described.
Thirdly, the covering of rollers used for spinning wool with an elastic com-
position, varnish, or japan, whether the said rollers be previously covered with
leather, or with cotton or woollen felt, and whether the said elastic composition,
varnish, or japan be applied to the said leather or cotton or woollen felt
previous to the fastening of the same to the said rollers, or be applied to the
said leather, cotton, or woollen felt after the same have been fastened to the
said rollers, as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the coating or covering of straps or bands for driving machinery
with an elastic composition, varnish, or japan, whether the said straps or bands
are made of leather, or of woollen, or cotton felt, or of linen or cotton tape, or
woollen band, or of any other suitable material.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Edward Judson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.