IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS AND KILNS."
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brough, senior, and William Brough,
junior, both of Silverdale Tileries, in the Parish of Keele, in the
County of Stafford, Brick and Tile Manufacturers, Co-partners in
Trade, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
OVENS AND KILNS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Brough, senior,
and William Brough, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th May 1870.
We, WILLIAM BROUGH, senior, and WILLIAM Brough, junior, both
of Silverdale Tileries in the Parish of Keele, in the County of Stafford,
Brick and Tile Manufacturers, Co-partners in Trade, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF OVENS AND KILNS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
We construct our ovens or kilns preferably of a circular or eliptic
sectional plan, but the principle of construction may be used in different
forms. The interior of the chamber is constructed with a series of

page_text: nearly equal spaced descending flues, communicating with the principal
flue from the fires and leading into flues along the floor of the oven,
pass all into a great flue up the centre of the chamber. By this
arrangement the heat is not only made to circulate through every part
of the oven, top, sides, bottom, and interior, but the smoke is kept from
actual contact with the goods, during their action in the kiln.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Brough, senior, and William Brough,
junior, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th November
1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BROUGH, senior, and WILLIAM Brough, junior, both of Silverdale
Tilerics, in the Parish of Keele, in the County of Stafford, Brick and
Tile Manufacturers, Co-partners in Trade, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said William Brough, senior, and William Brough, junior,
Her special licence that we, the said William Brough, senior, and
William Brough, junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said William Brough, senior, and William
Brough, junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS AND KILNS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Brough,
senior, and William Brough, junior, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that wc, the said William Brough, senior, and
William Brough, junior, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
that is to say:-
The object of our Invention is in the first place to regulate more
perfectly the heat and temperature within the kiln or oven. Secondly
to produce a greater equability of temperature throughout the whole
interior of the oven or kiln, and thirdly, to build the oven or kiln in
such a manner that by means of a proper arrangement and construction
of the flue the heated air and smoke from the fires shall not come into
contact with the goods or materials operated upon.
Our improvements relate to all kinds of ovens or kilns used for
burning clay materials, but it is more particularly applicable to kiln's
or ovens used for the finer ceramic wares, terra cotta, and such like.
We propose to construct and apply our improvements to ovens and kilns
of all shapes, but we prefer the circular form. The fireplace is con-
structed in the usual way, in the exterior walls of the kiln, and they
may in number be regulated by the form and size of the kiln; these all
communicate with a flue space or flue.jacket, enveloping the kiln, and
formed between the outer wall and the inner lining wall of the kiln;
opening into the flue space or jacket are a series of flues which pass
downwards through the interior of the kiln, communicating each with
flues traversing underneath the floor of the kiln and finally terminating
in a great central chimney, or flue, which preferably passes up the centre
of the kiln and conveys and discharges the heated gas to the external
atmosphere.
In order to illustrate our Invention and to show the application of
the principles of construction which we claim as new, we append to
this Specification Drawings of an oven or kiln built and arranged to carry
out our improvements, at the same time we wish it understood that
each particular kind of furnace may require modifications and adaptations
of the principles of construction according to the size, shape, and
peculiar use of the kiln or oven, and the peculiarity of the goods to be
burnt or operated upon within the same.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a circular oven, and Figure 2 is
a plan (sectional) of the same; Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of an
oblong even, and Figure 4 is a sectional plan of the same.

page_text: .
A, A, are the exterior walls, and B, B, the inner or lining walls of
the kiln; C, C, is the flue jacket enveloping it and communicating at
the top with the series of descending flues d, d, which also communicate
with the flues e, e, traversing under the floor of the kiln and terminating
in the central ascending flue or flues F, F; g, g, are the fireholes and
h, h, air-holes passing into the interior, the size and number of which
we arrange according to the kiln; K is the opening or entrance through
which the goods or materials to be operated upon are passed.
Having now described our Invention and how the same is constructed
and acts. We claim the peculiar combination, construction, and use
of flues in ovens and kilns, passing around, downwards, and under, and
upwards, in the manner herewithin set forth, and more particularly
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings having for their purpose the
object and advantages herewithin described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Brough (senior), and
William Brough (junior), have hereunto set our hands and
seals, this Third day of November One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
WILLIAM BROUGH, SEN³. (L.S.)
WILLIAM BROUGH, JUN³. (L.S.)