CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Turner, of Bingley, in the County of
York, and Thomas Room, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Brush Maker for the Invention of " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Turner and
Thomas Room at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th April 1865.
We, CHRISTOPHER TURNER, of Bingley, in the County of York, and THOMAS
ROOM, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Brush Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMB
POR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of delivering the yarn from the
warp beam so as to govern or regulate the number of "picks per inch"
according to the strength of cloth required, instead of effecting the object by
means of the cloth beam and "taking-up motion" as usual; it is also designed
to obtain an even and uniform tension of the yarn and woven cloth during the
process of taking-up, whereby the formation of "cracks" in the cloth is
avoided, and the weights usually employed in connection with the warp beam
are dispensed with.

page_text: The improvements consist, first, in the use of an extra roller supported in
bearings attached to the framing above the warp beam; this roller when
revolving obtains the necessary friction for delivering the warp from the
beam by means of a stationary bar or rod over which the warp passes, from
which it passes round the said roller and over a fixed beam in its progress to
the cloth roller. Upon one end of the yarn roller is a worm wheel gearing
into a worm secured on a shaft which extends to the front of the loon; at
which part is a spur wheel gearing with another which are." change" wheels,
the latter being secured on a short shaft on which is secured a ratchet wheel of
peculiar construction, and consists in each separate tooth being in the form of
a pentagon, thus
This wheel is acted upon by a lever supplied
with two pawls, the motion of which is obtained by a rod and lever in con-
nection with the rocking shaft or fulcrum of the "slay sword." The upper
pawls when the loom is at work and the weft continuous or unbroken actuates
the said ratchet, which transmits through the arrangement of mechanism,
herein-before described, a forward or delivery motion to the yarn from the
warp beam, the under or second pawl when the weft breaks, and the loom is
stopping is brought into contact with the ratchet, giving it a reverse or
backward motion, which is likewise transmitted to the yarn. This is accom-
plished by means of a spring connecting the lever and pawls with a finger
projecting from a rod under the breast beam; this rod is acted upon by the
weft-fork lover when the loom stops in such a manner as to release the spring
in connection with the aforesaid pawls, the contraction of which raises the
top pawl out of contact with the said ratchet, at the same time bringing the
second or lower pawl into action which reverses or stops the progress of the
yarn immediately the weft breaks, thus preventing any "picks" being taken
up during the absence of weft, and thereby preventing "cracks" in the cloth.
The regular and even tension which is given to the yarn and cloth when being
taken up is obtained by means of a flat bar or rod, which is caused to exert
a differential pressure upon the cloth as it accumulates upon the cloth roller.
From the ends or bearings of this flat pressure bar or rod a lever projects,
which is attached at the opposite side of its fulcrum to a chain passing over
a pulley; the opposite end of this chain is secured to one end of a flat blade
or spring lever, the opposite end of such lever being secured to a bracket fixed
to the "slay sword," from which bracket a slotted bar projects carrying an
adjustable fork which clips the spring lever; for example, when the cloth is
first taken up by the cloth roller the spring lever is elevated so as to be
embraced by the said fork farthest from its fulcrum, thereby causing the

page_text: greatest amount of pressure to be given to the pressure bar on the cloth
roller, but as such roller increases in diameter the length or throw of the
spring lever is lengthened; consequently reducing and giving a diminishing
pressure to the cloth roller until it attains its greatest diameter, whereby the
cloth and warp is maintained at one even tension throughout the entire
piece.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Christopher Turner and Thomas Room in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 13th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHRISTOPHER
TURNER, of Bingley, in the County of York, and THOMAS ROOM, of Burnley,
in the County of Lancaster, Brush Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Christopher Turner and Thomas Room, Her special license, that we;
the said Christopher Turner and Thomas Room, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Christopher Turner and Thomas
Room, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agreo
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Christopher Turner and Thomas Room, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their.
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Christopher Turner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is. to say):

page_text: Our Invention is designed for the purpose of delivering the yarn from the
warp beam so as to govern or regulate the number of "picks per inch,"
according to the strength of cloth required, instead of effecting the object by
means of the cloth beani and "taking-up motion "as usual; it is also
designed to obtain an even and uniform tension of the yarn and woven cloth
during the process of taking up, whereby the formation of "cracks" in the
cloth is avoided, and the weights usually employed in connection with the warp
beam are dispensed with.
64
The improvements consist, first, in the use of an extra roller supported in
bearings attached to the framing above the warp beam; this roller when
revolving obtain the necessary friction for delivering the warp from the beam
by means of a stationary bar or rod over which the warp beam passes, from
which it passes round the said roller and over a fixed beam in its progress
to the cloth roller. Upon one end of the yarn roller is a worm wheel gearing
into a worm secured on a shaft which extends to the front of the loom, at
which part is a spur wheel gearing with another which are change" wheels,
the latter being secured on a short shaft on which is secured a ratchet wheel
of peculiar construction, and consists in each separate tooth being in the form
of a pentagon. This wheel is acted upon by a lever supplied with two pawls,
the motion of which is obtained by a rod and lever in connection with the
rocking shaft or fulcrum of the "slay sword." The upper pawl when the
loom is at work and the weft continuous or unbroken actuate the said ratchet,
which transmits through the arrangement of mechanism herein-before described
a forward or delivery motion to the yarn from the warp beam; the under or
second pawl when the weft breaks and the loom stopping is brought into
contact with the ratchet, giving it a reverse or backward motion, which like-
wise transmitted to the yarn; this is accomplished by means of a spring wire
or elastic cord connecting the lever and pawls with a finger projecting from
the catch rod under the breast beam. This rod is acted upon by the weft
fork lever when the loom stops in "such a manner as to release the spring in
connection with the aforesaid pawls, the contraction of which raises the top
pawl out of contact with the ratchet, at the same time bringing the second
or lower pawl into action, which reverses or stops the progress of the yarn
immediately the weft breaks, thus preventing any picks being taken up during
the absence of weft, and thereby preventing "cracks" in the cloth. The
regular and even tension which is given to the yarn and cloth when being
taken up is obtained by means of a flat bar or rod which is caused to exert
a differential pressure upon the cloth as it accumulates upon the cloth roller.
From the ends or bearings of this flat pressure bar or rod a lever projects

page_text: which is attached at the opposite side of its fulcrum to a chain passing over a
pulley; the opposite end of this chain is secured to one end of a flat blade or
spring lever, the opposite end of such lever being secured to a bracket fixed
to the "
slay sword;" from which bracket a slotted bar projects carrying an
adjustable fork which clips the blado spring lever; for example, when the
cloth is first taken up by the cloth roller the spring lever is elevated so as to
be embraced by the said fork farthest from tho fulcrum, thereby causing the
greatest amount of pressure to be given to the pressure bar on the cloth roller,
but as such roller increases in diameter tho length or throw of the spring-
lever is lengthened, consequently reducing and giving a diminishing pressure
to the cloth roller until it attains its greatest diameter, whereby the cloth and
is maintained at one even tension throughout the entire piece.
warp
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about three inches to the foot, similar letters of reference being marked upon
corresponding parts on all tho Figures.
Fig. 1 represents the front elevation of a loom shewing the improved
arrangement of apparatus for actuating and giving motion to the mechanism.
governing the delivery of the warp from the warp beam; Fig. 2 represents a
side sectional elevation of the same shewing the connection between the front
and back gearing of the loom; Fig. 3 represents the compensating apparatus
actuating the taking-up motion; Fig. 4 is a detached plan view of the taking-
up mechanism giving motion to the apparatus for actuating the blade spring;
Figs. 5 & 6 are detached views of the bracket and yielding stud fixed to
the "slay" giving motion to the lever and pawl actuating the taking-up
motion; and and Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of one of the teeth acted upon
by the aforesaid double pawl.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, a, a, is the framing of the ordinary loom;
b, the warp beam; and c, the "slay;" the warp beam 6 rests upon two
inclined projecting slides or supports d secured to the framing. The warp is
drawn from the warp beam by the roller e which governs and regulates its
delivery according to the strength of fabric or number of "picks" required to
be given to the woven fabric. The roller e for delivering the warp, and
cloth roller f for receiving or taking up the cloth, receive their motion by the
following arrangement of mechanism :-To one end of the delivery roller e a
worm wheel g is secured, which gears into the worm h on the shaft i; upon
the opposite end of this shaft a change wheel r is secured, which gears into
another change wheel s secured on one end of the short shaft k; to this shaft
is also fixed another wheel; having teeth formed upon its periphery of a

page_text: peculiar shape, as seen in Fig. 7. This wheel is acted upon by the double pawl
for giving motion to the warp when the loom is in action in the following
manner: The rod or lever m of the double pawl is attached to the vertical
lever n which is secured to the lever o, the said lever having its fulcrum on
the framing of the loom at p; the opposite end of this lever is acted upon by
the stud or finger q fixed to the "rocking shaft" of the "slay," and receives
as the slay vibrates a rising and falling motion, which being transmitted
through the levers n to the double pawl causes such pawl to give a revolving
motion to the wheel j, and so acts upon the warp delivery roller through the
medium of change wheels and gearing herein-before described. During the
time the pawl 1 is actuating the wheel j the roller e delivers the warp as
required; but should the weft from the shuttle become disunited the lever t
on the catch rod u immediately raises the double pawl means of the
elastic cord v, which brings the second pawl 2 into contact with the under
side of the wheel j, thereby reversing the warp and preventing the cloth roller
taking up any cloth which may not have received the weft. The warp. when
leaving the warp beam passes first over the roller w, which presses them
against the delivery roller c, around which they pass, and over the carrier or
guide beam a, and thence on to the cloth roller f; before being taken up on
the cloth roller the woven fabric is caused to pass behind the flat blade a'.
From the end of this blade à finger or rod projects, which has secured thereto
the lever to this lever there is attached a coiled spring c and the cord
or chain d', the spring having a constant pull on the blade a' causes it to keep
the warp and cloth before being taken up by the cloth roller at one even
tension; the blade is also caused as the cloth accumulates upon the roller
to recede or move back, which thereby allows the cord or chain d' to slide
over the fulcrum e' of the monkey tail. The opposite end of this cord or
chain d' is attached to the end of a blade spring g', a projection from which
protrudes through a slot in tho "monkey tail," which actuates the pawl y,
giving action to the taking-up motion. The blade spring 9 (seen in Fig. 3)
is arranged to act upon the "monkey tail" as the "slay" vibrates in such a
manner that its action shall not be positive to the taking-up roller, but rather
that it shall yield to the requirements of the positive motion of the delivery
roller e, in order that the cloth as it accumulates upon the cloth roller shall
have a uniform tension. This is accomplished (when there are more or less
picks to the inch) by moving the stud ' (which slides in the bracket i sup-
porting the blade spring secured to the slay) nearer to or further from the
projection actuating the monkey tail; this projection as it lowers in the slot
of the monkey tail during the time the cloth roller increases in diameter

page_text: also gives a compensating motion to the wheel actuating the taking-up
motion.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly
understood that we claim the novel and peculiar adaptation, combination,
and arrangement of mechanism for effecting the aforesaid purposes as
herein-before described, set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings
attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Turner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
CHRISTOPHER TURNER. (L.S.)