matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR IN- CREASING DRAUGHT AND PREVENTING DOWN DRAUGHT IN CHIMNIES, AND FOR VENTILATING HOUSES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baptist Papier and Thomas
Janeway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April
1879.
JOHN BAPTIST PAPIER, of Leytonstone, Essex, Engineer, and THOMAS JANEWAY,
of 69, High Street Lambeth, London, Potter. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR IN-
CREASING DRAUGHT AND PREVENTING DOWN DRAUGHT IN CHIMNIES, AND FOR
VENTILATING HOUSES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC."
The improvements which constitute this Invention consist in constructing
apparatus for effecting the above object, and also for ventilating buildings in the
following manner :—
We make an inner chamber of terra cotta, glazed or unglazed, or of any other
applicable material, having the form of a truncated hollow cone, of which the base
may be either circular, oval, or square, with a trumpet shaped mouth superposed,
and terminated by a cap inclined upwards at an angle of 45°, with an orifice of the
same circumference as the neck of the cone, and two or more outer chambers
V shaped and semi cylindrical placed parallel with the length of the inner chamber,
and separated from it by a series of struts or without, and by side pieces extending
along the inner edge of the V. A semi-circular opening is formed in the base of
each of the V shaped cases for the passage of air from the outer to the inner
chambers; the air being carried down the outer case is compressed by its narrowing
form, and entering the inner chamber by the semi-circular openings is ejected
upwards with an increased force. The force of ejection increases in proportion to
the enlargement of the inlets for air, so that the Invention can be applied for
improving the draught in the chimnies of factories and other works where additional
length of shaft would otherwise be necessary. In cases where low buildings adjoin
bigh structures, and when applied as a means of ventilating rooms, drains, etc., the
injector is fitted with an additional conical cap to exclude rain.
The preference is given to terra cotta, which is imperishable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING DISTANCES, ESPECIALLY WITH REGARD TO RANGE FINDING FOR ARTILLERY PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Andrews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1879.
WILLIAM HENRY ANDREWS, of York House, Waterloo Place, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING DISTANCES,
ESPECIALLY WITH REGARD TO RANGE FINDING FOR ARTILLERY PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for measuring
distances.
It is well known in perspective that the eyes have to be raised higher and higher
as the object looked at on the horizontal plane is more and more distant; the eyes
looking down vertically to see the feet and horizontally for very distant object.
It is this fact that enables distances to be judged with more or less accuracy
without the aid of any instrument.
The object of my apparatus is to take advantage of this property and to assist
the eye, so that much greater accuracy can be obtained.
The apparatus consists essentially of two arms rigidly connected to each other
at right angles. At the angle there is a pivot by which the two arms are connected
to the table of a tripod stand, the carriage of a gun, or any other convenient object,
in such manner that they are free to turn in a vertical plane.
One arm is provided with two sights so that it can be accurately pointed at any
object. The other arm carriès a sliding sight and is graduated so that the height
to which the sight is raised can be read off.
When it is desired to ascertain the distance of any object the lower arm, which
will be approximately horizontal, is pointed at it by means of its two sights, the
observer then stands behind the other arm, which will be approximately vertical,
and gradually raises the sliding sight upon it until it is in the line between his eye
and the object, he then reads off the distance by means of the graduations on the
arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLING IN TRAM-CARS AND OMNIBUSES, THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED, AND THE FARES PAID BY SUCH PASSENGERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Möller at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1879.
JOSEPH MÖLLER, of North Brixton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLING IN TRAM-CARS AND
OMNIBUSES, THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED, AND THE FARES PAID BY SUCH PASSENGERS,
AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
This Invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for registering the
number of passengers travelling in tram-cars and omnibuses, the distance travelled,
and the fares paid by such passengers, the distance travelled by each passenger
being indicated by the employment of tickets, so constructed or formed as to
indicate the station at which the passenger entered, and consequently the amount
of fare to be paid on alighting. Further, a check is provided against fraud on the
part of the conductor by the method employed in distributing and collecting the
tickets, and by the employment of a combined punch and cutter, whereby
the ticket is punched and cut in one operation. Way bills are also provided as
an additional check; also ticket boxes of peculiar construction for the conductors.
IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING OR RETAINING SHIRT COLLARS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hollester Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1879.
WILLIAM HOLLESTER COOPER, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING OR RETAINING SHIRT COLLARS."
My Invention relates to improved means of securing the ordinary loose shirt
collar, now commonly worn, to the neckband of the shirt at the back, the object
being to dispense with the rigid button attachment heretofore used, and yet retain
the collar in its proper position with perfect freedom to adjust itself to the position
of the button by which it is fastened to the shirt in front. The button at the back.
of the neck band is objectionable, not only on account of its liability to come off,
but also by reason of the pressure which a button or collar stud in this position
causes on the nape of the neck, whereas my improved means of retaining the collar
lays flat against the neck so that no annoyance is experienced. It consists in the
employment of a downwardly turned tab or flap on the neckband of the shirt and
an upwardly turned tab or flap on the band of the collar which takes under or
interlocks with the tab on the neckband. These tabs or flaps are made of the same
material as the shirt and collar, and may either be cut out in one therewith or sewn
thereto. The tabs would be starched and ironed in the flat, and when in use the
tab on the shirt is turned down and that on the collar turned up and inserted
beneath it so that the two interlock. The tabs are of such a width that by being
bent to follow the curve of the neck, they are rendered sufficiently stiff and rigid
to remain interlocked and securely retain the collar in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR RESTORERS FOR RESTORING THE COLOUR OF FADED AND GREY HUMAN HAIR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney William Rich at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1879.
SIDNEY WILLIAM RICH, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, Fellow of the
Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR
RESTORERS FOR RESTORING THE COLOUR OF FADED AND GREY HUMAN HAIR."
This Invention has for its object to provide an efficient and harmless hair restorer
for restoring the colour of faded and grey human hair, so as to avoid the use of the
extremely deleterious compounds of lead now generally employed.
For this purpose I employ a salt or compound of manganese in conjunction with
gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, or derivatives or compounds thereof, or other organic
acid capable of readily combining with the oxygen of the air. These active
ingredients are mixed with scents, oils, glycerine, borax, or other agents commonly
employed in dressing the hair, but for my purpose the latter merely serve as
vehicles or accompaniments.
I carry out the Invention in the following manner :-I first prepare a pure salt
or compound of manganese either solid or in solution, and I prefer to use tho acetate
or the carbonate of manganese. The acetate of manganese may be readily dissolved
in water, but the carbonate of manganese I prefer to dissolve by aid of an excess
of carbonic acid gas by one of the processes known to chemists. Having obtained
such a solution free from the products known to chemists as the per-salts of man-
ganese, I then add the gallic acid, the pyrogallic acid, or the derivative or compound
thereof, or the other organic acid capable of readily combining with the oxygen
of the air, but I prefer to use gallic acid. I then add the subsidiary ingredients to
form an acceptable preparation for toilet use, such as scents, oil, glycerine, borax,
or other agents commonly employed in dressing the hair. When acetate of man-
ganese is used, I also add a small quantity of ammonia or other alkali to the
solution.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE GROOVED PLATES OR TABLES OF TYPE DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by John Leber at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879.
JOHN LEBER, of Goswell Road, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE GROOVED PLATES OR TABLES OF
TYPE DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING MACHINES."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of the plates or
tables of type distributing and composing machines, when the same are inclined
and provided with a series of grooves or channels for conducting the type. Hitherto
these inclined plates or tables have been formed of wood or metal with the grooves
or channels cut or cast therein, however, the plates or tables so constructed are not
only unsatisfactory in their action, but are also extremly costly.
In order to avoid the disadvantages attendant upon the plates or tables as
ordinarily constructed, I form the same of any suitable plastic substance or com-
position which is placed on a suitable plate or bed which acts as a base for the
whole; I then forin the grooves by means of a roller which consists of a series of
plates mounted on a spindle. The diameter of some of the plates is regulated
according to the depth it is desired to give to the grooves or channels. In some
cases instead of forming the grooves or channels by means of a roller, as herein before
described, I effect the desired object by means of a plate, the underside of which
is provided with a series of teeth or projections corresponding in size and shape
with the grooves which it is desired to form. The grooves having been so formed
the composition is allowed to dry and the plate or table is then ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO WINDOW SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Borzecki Welin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1879.
CHARLES BORZECKI WELIN, of 34, Dean Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO WINDOW SASH FASTENERS."
This Invention relates to improvements upon the construction of window sash
fasteners, the object being to render the same more secure and prevent the sash
from being opened from outside after it has been fastened.
This sash fastener is constructed with the ordinary boxing or foundation plates,
and the pivoted hasp or lever arm and spring, and also the catch which is arranged
upon the second sash. The improvements consist in making the inner end of the
lever arm with an elongation or stud, and applying a flat spring which will be
secured by a rivet to and extending along the back plate of the fastener, the outer
free end of said spring being furnished or provided with a hole corresponding in
size to the stud forming the elongation of the inner end of the hasp.
When in use and the hasp is turned upon its pivots to engage with the catch,
and so "fasten" the sash, the stud of the hasp will at the same time be turned
against the end of the spring provided with the hole as described, until the hasp is
fully turned into the catch, at which point the stud of the hasp will enter into the
hole of the spring, whereby the hasp will be retained fastened until the spring is
pushed back to disengage it from the stud of the hasp, when same will be again
free to be opened. The pushing back of the spring to disengage the hasp will be
readily effected, as the spring is only required to be sufficiently strong to serve as a
secure loop for the stud of the hasp.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HAMMERLESS GUNS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by the said James Tolley and William
Tolley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December
1879.
JAMES TOLLEY and WILLIAM TOLLEY, of the "Pioneer Works," Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Gun Makers. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HAMMERLESS
GUNS."
This Invention relates to hammerless guns, and its object is means of a single
movement of a lever to both open the barrels of the gun and to raise the hammers
of both locks to full cock.
This we are enabled to do by prolonging the bolt of the concentric action which
locks the barrels, commonly used in central fire guns, in such manner that it may
by means of a loose dog or cam act upon the hammers.
So that when the lever is acted upon it simultaneously withdraws the bolt
which locks or secures the barrels, and by the means herein before described it raises
the hammers of both locks to full cock.
A safety bolt of any convenient kind is provided, which by preference is a lever
caused to fit into the strap or back end of the trigger guard, and which acting
upon a dog under the trigger plate effectually locks either the sears or the
hammers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR TRANS- MITTING AND CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF MOTION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1879. A communication
from abroad by Thomas Von Noszlopy, and Adolf Voyta, both of Papa, in
the Kingdom of Hungary.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR TRANS-
MITTING AND CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF MOTION." [A communication from
abroad by Thomas Von Noszlopy, and Adolf Voyta, both of Papa, in the Kingdom
of Hungary.]
This Invention relates to mechanical movements or mechanism for converting
motion in one direction into motion in another direction.
The present improvements in mechanical movements are shewn in the accom-
panying Drawing.
y is the point at which the motion is given to the mechanical movement by
means of a connecting rod y*, or its equivalent; x is the point whence the motion
received by the mechanical movement is transmitted to a connecting rod x* or its
equivalent.
The rods c and d, are hung from the fixed pivots a and b. At the end of the
rod c the bent lever f is pivoted, this lever being pivoted at g to the beam h, and
at i to the lever j. The lever j has its pivot at b, and the lever d is pivoted at y
to the beam h.
In the Drawing the extreme forward position of the mechanical movement is
indicated by crosses, and the extreme backward position by lines and dots.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOBBY HORSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Marqua at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1879.
PHILIP MARQUA, of the City of Cincinnati, State of Ohio, in the United States of
America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOBBY HORSES."
My Invention consists in the particular manner of mounting the wooden body
whereby a motion approximating to the natural motion of a live animal is
obtained. My Invention further consists in a peculiar arrangement of parts which
enables me to make them take apart more readily for shipment. The principle of
my Invention is that I pivot the horse by means of links to a stationary base or
pedestal that extends fore and aft between the legs of the animal and thereby
obtain a motion that is easy and graceful and that without movement upon the
floor or ground and almost noiseless. The improvements are to be performed by
making the hobby horse of wood and pivoted to the lower ends of metal links or
stirrups, whose upper ends vibrate in bearings provided in the upper part of the
stationary base or pedestal, that extends upward between the legs of the horse in
the direction of its length.
AN IMPROVED VALVE FOR USE IN AIR AND OTHER PUMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1879.
86
DAVID THOMAS, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Engineer. AN
IMPROVED VALVE FOR USE IN AIR AND OTHER PUMPS."
This Invention relates to a construction of valve for use in air, circulating, and
other pumps as bucket foot or delivery valves, and more especially for use in
connection with marine engines.
"
The ordinary india rubber valves hitherto used, are very apt to stick on the seats
when hot, and are not so durable as desirable.
I construct my valve of metal as follows:-
It consists preferably of a metal disc formed true on its lower face, where it rests
on a seating over the port, and preferably slightly bevelled on its upper face, except
at that part which strikes against the guard when the valve is rising.
I usually construct it of brass or other metal not liable to corrosion.
The guard is preferably circular, formed truly on its under surface, perforated as
usual, and forming part of a bush turned accurately on which the valve rises and
falls and the interior of which bush-is screwed onto a spindle fitted in the centre of
the port by wings or otherwise, or in the case of a pump bucket the bush and guard
is screwed onto the pump rod and can be secured by set screws or otherwise.
The upper part of the bush above the guard plate is preferably shaped like a nut,
so as to be easily unscrewed with a spanner, and thus also act as a nut to hold the
spindle or rod in place which is formed conically or of lesser screwed diameter for
the purpose at its lower end.
I turn a groove or grooves in the under side of the guard plate to insert a ring of
packing such as rubber or flax gasking to ease the shock to the valve striking it
and likewise insert similar packings in the outer and inner edges of the valve seat
for the same purpose.
The action of the valve is similar to those already in use.
The valve rising. and falling by the pressure or vaccum produced by the
movement of the piston or bucket of the pump.--
When the seating or bucket area is large, I prefer fitting several valves instead

page_text: of one arranged as usual in such cases.
In the case of foot valves used with the
air pumps of marine engines, I prefer to construct them of zinc so as to destroy the
galvanic action before the condensed steam is pumped into the boiler, thus doing
away with the application of so large a quantity of zinc plates being placed in the
boiler.
$
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRINTING COLOURED IMPRESSIONS ON CARD OR PAPER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of the
A communication
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1879.
from abroad by Oscar Hensel, of Gottesberg, in the Empire of Germany.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVE
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRINTING COLOURED IMPRESSIONS ON CARD OR PAPER."
[A communication from abroad by Oscar Hensel, of Gottesberg, in the Empire of
Germany.]
This Invention relates to improvements applicable to printing machinery for the
purpose of printing cards or paper in different colours, and of adjusting the front
edge of each sheet of card or paper squarely against guides and in a proper position
to be taken hold of by grippers, a laterally adjustable mark being arranged in
combination therewith for various sized sheets of cardboard or paper.
The accompanying Drawing is in illustration of the Invention, Figure 1 being a
plan of the apparatus; Figure 2, a section on the line x, x, and Figure 3 and end
elevation. The apparatus is formed of a bar A of flat sheet metal, provided with
countersunk holes a, a, by means of which it is screwed to the cylinder of an
ordinary cylinder printing press. A second bar B of sheet brass or other suitable
material with two slotted cross rails c, c, is fastened to the bar A by screws b, b, so
as to admit of any desired adjustment
The holes a', a³, in the bar B may be used to give more security by the insertion
of additional screws. Two small brackets h, h, are rivetted to the bar B, with
flat bar C. This latter bar is provided
holes in them to receive the pivots of
with three projections corresponding with similar projections on the lower bar B,
forming together the grippers f. f. f, into which the sheets of cardboard to be printed
are slipped. Three pins g secured to the lower bar B, and projecting through holes
in the bar O, form the stops for the sheets to be printed, against which the front
edge is registered, the grippers f being then allowed to take hold of the sheet.
In order to open the grippers a slight pressure on the short arm m is sufficient
to turn the bar C round the pivots, and the flat springs d, d, close the grippers as
soon as the finger releases the arm m.

page_text: The device for registering one side edge of the sheet consists of the piece i sliding
on the bar B, and provided with the slot / so as to admit a lateral adjustment to
suit any size of sheet.
After having moved the sliding piece i into a proper position it can be tightened
by means of the screw k.
The apparatus is made as thin as possible, in order to pass easily between the
cylinder and the forme.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REELS OR BOBBINS FOR SEWING COTTON AND OTHER THREADS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Merttens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1879.
FREDERICK MERTTENS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REELS OR BOBBINS FOR SEWING
COTTON AND OTHER THREADS."
The object of this Invention is to produce reels or bobbins for sewing thread in
a more economical manner than heretofore, with the additional advantage of
obtaining a much lighter article.
To this end I use paper or paper pulp to form the reel or bobbin, and construct
the reel or bobbin in one or several pieces, according to the material used; thus,
for instance if paper pulp be employed, the reel or bobbin may be made solid by
pressing pulp into moulds cut to the form of the reel or bobbin required.
The moulds should be made in halves, and provided with a spindle or core through
the centre, upon which the reel is formed. This spindle or core is intended to forin
the hole through the reel to receive the spindle of the winding mechanism, and is
withdrawn so soon as the reel or bobbin is taken from the mould.
Or the reel or bobbin may be made hollow. In this case one end with the
barrel and the conical portion of the other end will be formed at one time by the
descent into the mould of a cylindrical plunger of a diameter somewhat less than
the size of the reel to be formed. A paper tube of the size required to fit on to the
spindle of the winding mechanism is then secured in the centre of the reel by glue
or otherwise, and a disc of paper or cardboard is glued or otherwise secured to the
top or unfinished end of the reel or bobbin, and the reel is completed.
In forming the reel or bobbin of strong paper or thin cardboard I cut or stainp
out of the flat sheet of cardboard the various parts of the reel, viz., the discs to
form the ends, the conical or inclined portions, and the barrel. The barrel is made
by bending the cardboard round a mandril, and securing the ends together by glue
or otherwise, and the conical portions of the ends are then secured thereto. A tube
of paper for the spindle, as before explained, is then inserted, and is secured at either
end to the discs which form the ends of the reels. These discs may be also secured
at their edges to the conical ends by some adhesive material.
In this manner I am enabled to form a much lighter reel or bobbin for sewing
thread, and in a more economical manner than heretofore, as the waste occasioned
by the turning down of the wooden reels is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO FURNITURE AND HAT BRUSHES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1879. A
communication from Leo Kunz, of Donaueschingen, in the German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO
FURNITURE AND HAT BRUSHES." [A communication from Leo Kunz, of
Donaueschingen, in the German Empire.]
This Invention relates to that description of brushes in which the bristles or hairs
are twisted into a wire body so as to form a long cylindrical brush surface with the
bristles arranged in a helical direction. According to the present Invention brushes
are constructed of two or more lengths of such bodies placed closely side by side
and having their one end secured together while the other ends of the wire body
are secured to a handle. According to one arrangement more particularly applicable
for hat brushes, a length of such cylindrical brush body is bent in the middle of its
length so as to form a loop, the two limbs being brought together so as to touch, and
the ends of the wire body are then fixed into a handle; the cylindrical surface of
each limb of the loop may be flattened at any point by cutting the bristles or hairs.
By preference the one limb is constructed with finer bristles or hairs than the other
limb so as to afford a combined fine and coarse brush.
According to another arrangement more particularly suitable for furniture brushes
three such before, described cylindrical brush bodies are placed closely side by side,
the two outer ones forming a loop as in the first described arrangement but with
sufficient space between the limbs to receive the middle one, the outer end of the
wire body of the latter being secured to the wire body of the loop while its other
end, as also those of the loop, are fixed in the handle. In like manner two or more
intermediate lengths may be introduced between the two outer ones forming the
loop, or two or more loops may be combined in one brush; the end of the brush
may be provided with a projecting tuft of bristles for readily gaining access into
recesses or corners.
AN IMPROVED STONE WARE OR TERRA COTTA TILE FOR COVERING OR PROTECTING PARTY AND PARAPET AND OTHER WALLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wilcox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1879.
CHARLES WILCOX, of 27, High Street, Fulham, in the County of Middlesex,
(Builder). "AN IMPROVED STONE WARE OR TERRA COTTA TILE FOR COVERING OR
PROTECTING PARTY AND PARAPET AND OTHER WALLS."
This Invention relates to the construction of tiles to prevent the downward
soaking of rain water in party and parapet and other walls. The tiles being
concave cause the water to collect and drain off down the center and discharge
direct into the gutter.
The under part of tiles are scored to cause adhesion by bedding in mortar or
cement.
The tile being thinner at top end than at bottom gives allowance for thicknes of
rebate or lap, & makeing a uniformn surface at bedding of tile.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR TEACHING AND PRACTISING THE VIOLIN AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS OF THAT CLASS WITHOUT NOISE, AND IN RENDERING THE BOWS OF SUCH INSTRUMENTS MORE PORTABLE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Knight at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1879.
CHARLES KNIGHT, of 26, City Arms Buildings, in the Parish of Islington, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR TEACHING AND
PRACTISING THE VIOLIN AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS OF THAT CLASS WITHOUT NOISE,
AND IN RENDERING THE BOWS OF SUCH INSTRUMENTS MORE PORTABLE."
This Invention consists in a new form and construction of mutes of the violin,
viola, violoncello, and bass class for the use of learners, students, or for professional
chamber practice, whereby good quality of tone is secured, together with great
portabililty for travelling or carriage, of such configuration as to present to the eye
a good form while retaining the shape of essential parts of the afore mentioned
instruments, that the player may not acquire a bad method of holding during
practice, and may revert to instruments of large tone without inconvenience; and
also.in a method of rendering more portable the bows of instruments of this class.
In all cases these mutes have the outline of the f holes of a violin, to which the neck
is fixed at one end and the tail pin to the other, and the belly on which the bridge
stands is supported by a longitudinal bar and end blocks, in other forms by end
blocks, and a back scroll serving for a bass bar and sound post, or a back and ribs and
blocks disposed to act as bass bar post and f holes combined, and the joints of the
bows are such that the parts are not entirely separated when parted for carriage.
AN IMPROVED SCOOP OR SHOVEL FOR USE IN HOP KILNS AND DRYING HOUSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1879. [A communication
from abroad by Nehemiah E. Hinds, of Cooperstown, New York, United
States of America.]
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED SCOOP OR SHOVEL FOR USE IN
HOP KILNS AND DRYING HOUSES." [A communication from abroad by Nehemiah
E. Hinds, of Cooperstown, New York, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to an improved hop-scoop or shovel.
The object of the said Invention is to provide a simple and effective scoop for
conveying hops from the drying cloth of a hop kiln to a receiver or hop-house.
In carrying the said Invention into practice, I provide a blade, to which is
attached a back and sides, the upper edges of the latter inclining downward from
the upper part of the said back to the front edge of the blade. The sides, back, and
blade of the scoop or shovel are constructed in the form of a skeleton frame, and
are properly braced and covered with heavy drilling or analogous material.
In this manner the scoop can be made of sufficient size and strength to effectually
handle the dry hops, and at the same time be light, so as not to fatigue the
operator.
To the rear central portions of the scoop is secured a handle, which extends
upward and rearward, and from the lower end of the said handle extends forward a
bar spring, the front end of which is secured to the front edge of the scoop-frame.
The purpose of this bar spring is to sustain and give elasticity to the body of the
scoop.
It is intended to construct the blade about three feet long, and two and one-
half feet wide, with sides seventeen inches high at their rear ends. A scoop of
these dimensions will hold about ten or twelve pounds of dry hops.
Thus
The scoop is pressed forward in operation between the dry hops and dry cloth
until it is about full, then the handle is pressed downward about the length of the
arm, which throws the hops within the scoop to the rear portion of same.
the main weight of the hops is near the handle, and the scoop can be withdrawn
and moved without difficulty. A scoop having inclined sides, as described, is
necessary in order to readily enter the hops and lighten the structure.
The dimensions above described may be varied without affecting the character
of the scoop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP ATTACHMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1879. A
communication from the Actien-Gebellschaft für Fabrikation von Bronze waaren
und Zinkguss, vormals I. C. Spinn & Sohn, in Berlin, German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124 Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP ATTACHMENTS." A communication from the Actien-
Gebellschaft für Fabrikation von Bronze waaren und Zinkguss, vormals I. C. Spinn
& Sohn, in Berlin, German Empire.
The Invention relates more particularly to chandeliers or suspended lamps, and
consists in replacing the usual balance weight by spiral springs which balance the
lamp, each of the said spiral springs being enclosed in a drum and made sufficiently
long that the friction between adjoining convolutions of the spring prevents any
unintended motion of the lamp. Also in suspending the lamp by means of ribbons
or cords of steel or other suitable material, instead of the usual chain, which
ribbons or cords are attached to and partly wound upon the spring drum, thus
effecting that in drawing up the lamp the external diameter of the drum (or the
leverage of the cord) increases while the tension of the spring decreases, the most
advantageous relative dimensions of the spring and the cord being found out by
experiments. The springs, of which there may be any convenient number, are
preferably placed with their axis horizontal and supported by any suitable frame
near the ceiling.
A SAFETY TUBE FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER BOILERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Warwick at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1879.
JAMES WARWICK, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Sewing Machine
Maker. "A SAFETY TUBE FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER BOILERS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
My Invention consists of a tube of brass or other metal in which is a shoulder on
which shoulder is a plato of lead or other substance which must be weaker than
the boiler to which the tube is attached. This plate is held in its place by a scrow
at the end of a tube leading into the flue or chimney.
When from any cause the pressure in the boiler is too great the plate is burst
and the steam or water escapes into the flue or chimney.
When my Invention is applied to the flues of steam boilers a similar plate is
placed at the top of a tube and held in its place by a nut with an open top. When
the boiler is short of water and the water has sunk below the tube the heat from
the fire ascending the tube will melt the plate and admit the steam on to the fire.
The safety tube may also be attached to steam pipes or in other places whero
steam, air, or water under pressure is confined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYS AND IN APPARATUS FOR MOORING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Charles Lennox Lenox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1879.
GEORGE CHARLES LENNOX LENOX, of No. 52, Lime Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYS AND IN APPARATUS FOR MOORING THE SAME."
This Invention has for its object improvements in buoys, and in apparatus for
mooring the same.
In many cases it is necessary that a buoy when moored in a tideway should
retain a vertical position in spite of the tendency of the tide to incline it from its
moorings. In order to avoid such inclination I do not according to my Invention
fix the mooring eye rigidly to the bottom of the buoy as is now usual, but I
attach the mooring chain to the buoy by means of a mooring bar or arm freely
jointed to the external portion of the buoy in a manner that the joint may be
either fixed or adjustable at such a depth below the surface of the water that the
immersed area of the buoy above and below the joint shall be approximately the
same, thus the tide or stream will have little or no tendency to cant the buoy
however much the mooring bar and chain may be inclined. In order to overcome
any tendency to cant the buoy by the weight of the mooring chain being attached
to one side the mooring arm may be forked in a manner to receive the buoy with
joints as described on opposite sides of the buoy and if necessary a rudder used to
keep the joints across the tideway.
In mooring buoys the "sinker" generally used consists of a solid block of metal
with a mooring eye at its centre. This block or sinker is made of conciderable
thickness so as to make it heavy enough to hold the buoy; the bottom is sometimes
slightly concave to cause it to hold better, otherwise sinkers are constructed to
hold only by their dead weight and unless made of very consinerable weight they
are very liable to be dragged.
In order to enable sinkers to have the best possible hold in proportion to actual
dead weight, I make them with a cavity of considerable dimensions on the under
side and with four or other number of claws projecting downwards from the
outside edges. These claws are reduced in thickness to their lowest edge in a
manner to enable them to enter the ground freely. When a sufficient pull coines on
the mooring chain the tendency is to cause the claws to collect the ground on

page_text: which the sinker rests filling the large hollow in the bottom of the sinker and
driving the claws deeply into the ground, and the greater the pull on the mooring
chain the deeper will these claws be dug into the ground and the firmer will be
the hold.
Should the sinker become displaced by shifting sand or other cause it will
rapidly take a fresh and firm hold, its actual weight being sufficient to drive the
claws well into any ordinary holding ground.
By these means the dead weight of the sinker may be much reduced, leaving the
holding power still much in excess of the old form of sinker..
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CAPS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Matthew Daniel Welden, of Swanton Abbott, in the
County of Norfolk, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CAPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Matthew Daniel Welden at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1879.
"
MATTHEW DANIEL WELDEN, of Swanton Abbott, in the County of Norfolk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CAPS."
The improvements consist in the construction in one piece of an earthen, metal,
or stone cap or mount for chimney shafts, whereby the top of the shaft is ornamented
and protected and at the same time braced together, thereby dispensing with a
chimney pot or cowl; or if a pot or cowl is wanted it may be used by being placed
and fixed in the improved cap; at present cement is used to finish off the top of the
shaft and to seat the pot. The improved caps are made with a rim or analagous
contrivance to lap over and embrace the edges of the shaft. On plan the caps may
be square, oblong, oval, or any desired shape; in cross section the the cap is nar-
rowed towards and at its upper orifice, and its external parts towards the top
curved or bevelled to deflect the wind.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters-Patent_filed
by the said Matthew Daniel-Welden in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th January 1880.-
MATTHEW DANIEL WELDEN; of Swanton Abbott, in the County of Norfolk.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY CAPS."
The improvements consist in the construction in one piece of a cap or mount-for-
chimney shafts, whereby the top of the shaft is ornamented and protected and at
the same time braced together, thereby dispensing with a chimney pot or cowl; or
if a pot or cowl is wanted it may be used by being placed and fixed in the improved
cap. At present cement is used to finish off the top of the shaft and to seat the
pot. The improved caps are either set on or fitted over the brickwork of chimney
tops, and in the latter case they may be provided with a rim or analogous con-
trivance to lap over and embrace the edges of the shaft. On plan the caps may be
square, oblong, oval, or any desired shape; in cross section the cap is preferably
narrowed towards and at its upper orifice, and its external parts towards the top
are preferably curved or bevelled to deflect the wind. The cap may however have
any suitable shape or design and be made of terra-cotta, metal, or any other suitable
material. The accompanying Drawings serve to illustrate the Invention, Fig. 1
being a cross section, and Fig. 2 a plan of a cap for a round chimney top; and
Fig. 3, a perspective view of a cap for a square chimney top; while Fig. 4 is an
elevation of a cap having a somewhat different design.
In witness whereof, I, the said Matthew Daniel Welden, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 5th day of January, A.D. 1880.
MATINEEW D WELDEN (LS)
MENTS IN STEERING GEAR FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1879.
"IMPROVE
ALEXANDER ANDERSON, of Hendon, Sunderland, Angle Iron Smith.
MENTS IN STEERING GEAR FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is the application of an inclined curved disc keyed
upon a rotating shaft to operate a rudder head or other similar shaft, so that there
may be no possibility of back strain upon the rudder wheel or operating shaft.
In any present form of steering gear where the operating force is applied direct
to rotate the rudder head, the pressure and force of the water upon the rudder may
be transmitted back to the rudder wheel, making it difficult to handle, especially in
rough weather; and also where the wheel is given a considerable mechanical advan-
tage to operate the rudder head the relative speed of the rudder to that of the wheel
is greatly reduced, so that the action of the wheel is far from prompt.
In my improved arrangement any pressure from the rudder head can have very
little effect in rotating the operating shafts which rotate the rudder head, and the
relative motion of the rudder head to the operating shafts is very prompt.
My improved mechanical movement consists of an inclined curved disc, preferably
oval, keyed to a shaft passing through its centre, so that the place of the disc makes
an angle of about 60° with the shaft. The edges of the disc are bevelled and
rounded off to give any exact motion that may be desired to a pin or lug resting
upon the face of the disc.
In applying my improved mechanical motion to steering gear I fit to the head of
the rudder post a cross head, from which project on opposite sides two pins or knobs
which bear on each face of an inclined disc fixed on two parallel shafts on each side.
of the rudder head.
When these shafts are made to rotate in opposite directions by the steering wheel
gearing the inclined discs working in the pins projecting from the rudder cross
head cause the rudder to turn over to the requisite maximum angle very promptly
with one half turn of each shaft. The discs are fitted with stops on their edges, so
as to check the motion of the driving shafts when the rudder has been sufficiently
moved over.
This mechanical motion may be very applicable to any similar apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO SPRING CARTS AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1879.
HUMPHREY ROBERTS, of Pwllffanog, in the County of Anglesea.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPERTAINING TO SPRING CARTS AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."
By my Invention I am enabled to reduce the height of the body of spring carts,
et cetera. I use ordinary springs, but instead of fitting then with the ordinary
scroll supports, I use two boards to form a casing, preferably of oak, and of a
section of about one inch by.three to six inches. The length of these varies with
circumstances, but they may be about six to eight feet long. Between these boards
I place the spring and put a bolt through both boards and the hole in the shackle
which supports the spring. The centre of the spring is fastened to the axletree as
in the ordinary manner. The spaces between the ends of these boards are filled
up solid, leaving a central space for the springs. The boards are bolted or other-
wise properly secured to the bottom of the cart body, and each shaft may be
secured to one of the solid ends by preference underneath. In a two wheeled cart
there would thus be two of these wooden casings composed of four boards
altogether.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Feis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1879. Communicated from
abroad by Messieurs, August Vuille and Fils, of Chaux-de-Fonds, in Switzer-
land, Watch Manufacturers.
CHARLES FEIS, of Bartlett's Buildings, in the City of London, Watch Manufacturer
and Importer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES. Communicated from abroad by
Messieurs August Vuille and Fils, of Chaux-de-Fonds, in Switzerland, Watch
Manufacturers.
"
This Invention relates to improvements in watches, and is especially devised for
those watches which are known as keyless-watches" and has for object to
dispense with a great number of the working parts usually employed, and which
are above the movement and exposed to view.
Now according to this Invention, those parts which are dispensed with are here
replaced by a rockingp late or lever, which at the same time serves the purposes
of winding-up the watch and of setting the hands. A large wheel placed in the
centre and below the rocking plate or lever, effects by the aid of two small wheels
(held in place by the rocking plate or lever) the bringing into and throwing out of
gear of the barrel and the communication of the winding arrangement (remontoir)
through the pendant with the arrangement for setting the hands. Two springs
sunk in the plate, one on either side of the rocking-plate or lever serve, the one to
restore the said rocking-plate or lever to its normal position after it has effected
the setting of the hands, and the other to effect the winding-up of the barrel. This
whole systern or arrangement may be held in place by a single screw.
The arrangement of parts for setting the hands, consists of a pusher which bears
directly against a block or piece fixed to the rocking plate or lever, and by
pressing on this pusher, the small steel wheels adjoining the rocking-plate or lever
are thrown directly into gear with the train of wheels operating the hands.
The stem of the winding arrangement instead of being made in three pieces
as is now the case (stem, crown-pinion, and driving pinion) is according to this
Invention composed of only one piece, which acts in direct communication with the
centre wheel of the mechanism which is under the rocking-plate or lever.
This system or arrangement besides being of great simplicity, is very strong and
solid, and can be easily repaired, seeing that all the pieces of which it is composed
LD

page_text: .
can be made by hand by any ordinary watch-maker; it can also be fitted to any
case of the same size, the crown being independent of the stem of the winding
arrangement and forming part of the case.
By this arrangement of the working parts, which is the same for horizontal
watches as for lever watches except the escapement, a horizontal watch can be 5
easily converted into a lever watch, and vice versa, seeing that it is not necessary
to disturb the plate which holds the barrel and the three finishing wheels in place.