Improved Combined Treadle and Hand-driving Mechanism.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Feb., 1890-Accepted, 12th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Combined Treadle and Hand-driving Mechanism.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM ZIMER, of 99 Mortimer Road, Dalston, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to certain improved means of imparting rotary motion and is
especially applicable as means for effecting the propulsion of bicycles and other
velocipedes and for propelling boats and for driving machinery of various kinds
The special objects of my invention are to economise and use to the best advantage
for the purpose of the Invention the whole available strength and power which man
can bring into operation at a time, and to contrive suitable means of utilizing such
power for the purpose aforesaid.
I construct and apply such apparatus in such a manner as that I utilize the
weight of the operator by causing him to work treadles operating a propelling or
driving shaft and connected mechanism, simultaneously with the utilization of his
lifting power by causing him to work a double hand-lever likewise operating such
mechanism either directly or by means of a spring which is brought into operative
position with the upward movement of the said hand-lever and automatically comes
into operation when the arms are returning in the downward movement, all such
movements tending to impart a uniform rotary motion to a shaft which by suitably
disposed gearing causes the aforesaid shaft to be rotated with the desired velocity
and by which means I obtain important advantages over all previously existing manu-
and pedo-motive appliances used for the purpose of the Invention.
I prefer to arrange such actuating apparatus in such a manner as that the treadles
or foot levers are connected to rear uprights rising from the framing of the bicycle,
boat or machine, and between such uprights and the footplates are connected by rods
to cranks or pinned dises on the said shaft, also similarly connecting the hand-lever
(upon which both hands act equally and simultaneously) to the said rear uprights and
either causing them to directly actuate the sand cranks or pinned dises in the upward
movement or to extend a spring which when released by the reverse movement of the
hand-lever catches and operates a ratchet wheel on the said sbaft, all such means
tending as aforesaid to operate the said shaft and to impart a continuous rotary motion
thereto with all the effective power which man is capable of bringing into action at
a time.
In lieu of the double hand lever hereinbefore referred to, I may use two independent
hand levers upon which the hands may operate alternately.
The said motion is communicated by bevil or other suitable gearing or means to the
driving shaft of the velocipede, boat or machine.
Dated this 25th day of May 1889.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improved Combined Treadle and Hand-driving Mechanism.
I FREDERICK WILLIAM ZIMER, of 99 Mortimer Road, Dalston, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This Invention relates to improved combined treadle and hand driving mechanism
which may be applied and used as means for propelling bicycles and other vehicles
and boats and for imparting motion to or actuating machinery of various kinds.
The special object of the Invention is to economize and utilize to the best advantage
for the purpose required the whole available weight and lifting power which man can
bring into operation at a time; and to this end the Invention consists in so construct-
ing and arranging such mechanism as that the weight and lifting power of the operator
exerted in directly opposite vertical or nearly vertical directions practically in a line
with the direction of the body (as distinctive from conjunctively and simultaneously
utilizing the hands and feet in any other way or disposition of the body such as by
horizontally or approximately so pushing and pulling in reverse directions, in which,
though the muscular power of the operator may be utilized to good advantage his
weight or gravity as such is not to any material extent brought into operation for
motive purposes) are conjunctively utilized in the improved manner and by the
improved means hereinafter described by causing him at each actuation of the mechanism
to simultaneously depress treadles and lift hand lovers one of a pair of treadles or
like foot operated devices and lift by both hands a double handle bar each directly or
indirectly operating on the shaft, levers or connected mechanism to be actuated
hereinafter referred to as "the said shaft or connected mechanisın," in consequence of
which combined simultaneous and opposite directions of his energy he can exert a
considerably increased effective power over that he could exert, and can obtain and
impart a more uniform or continuous motion than he could obtain and impart with
any existing combined hand and treadle driving or actuating appliances; as in addition
to his weight there is added at the time of his exerting such energy there is added to
his weight the lifting power he is capable of exerting as well as the additional
momentum which the exercise of such lifting power causes to be thrown onto such
foot operating devices.
The improved mechanism is illustrated on the accompanying drawings as applied to
a velocipede.
Fig 1 represents a side elevation of part of the vehicle with the improved mechanism
applied thereto.
Fig 2. represents an elevation partly in section (on an enlarged scale) of the hand
operating mechanism.
And Fig 3. represents a plan view of part thereof.
4. represents a double handle-bar which is formed with handles occupying a
relatively low position, in the line of the body of the operator when operating the
mechanism, and which is mounted in a tubular boss 5. in such a manner as that by the
vertical or approximately vertical movements of the hands in a line with the body, it
can be reciprocated about its axis which passes through the boss, and such movements
are as hereinafter described caused to be effective in aiding in actuating the said shaft
or connected mechanism which is represented in the illustration given by the shaft 40.
The boss is made fast to a tube 7 rising from the fork 8. so that turning movements of
the handle-bar about the axis of the tube will cause the vehicle, boat or apparatus to
which the improved mechanism is applied to be steered or directed according to such
movements of the handle-bar. Adjacent to each side of the boss there is made fast to
the axial part of the handle-bar a tubular boss 9 to the two of which bosses the ends
of a segmental bar 11 are secured with the bar concentric with the intersection of the
axis of the handlebar with the axis of the tube 7.
The tube 7. 18 encircled by and works within a tube 12. which is made fast to the

page_text: backbone 13. of the machine, and has made fast to its upper end a tubular collar 14.
formed with projecting lugs 15. on which are fulcrummed rearwardly projecting
levers 16. which are connected by cross bars 17 and 18. one of which is connected
by a link 19. to the bar 11. and the other of which is connected by rods 20. to the
said shaft or connected mechanism. The concentric disposition of the bar 11 allows
of the vehicle, boat or apparatus to which the improved mechanism is adapted, being
steered or directed by the turning of the handle-bar about the axis of the tube 7.
without interfering with the connection of the handle-bar by the rods 20. or any
equivalent connections with the said shaft or connected mechanism.
21. represents a tubular collar which is loosely mounted on the tube 7. and can
be turned about the axis thereof to a limited extent, it is normally kept by a spring
and stopping devices 23 respectively connected to it and to the collar 14. in such
a position as will cause projecting rests 24. with which it is provided to support the
handle-bar in the position indicated in Fig. 2. and will then only allow of the handle-
bar being reciprocated above such supported position in actuating the said shaft or
connected mechanism. The collar 21 can, however, by a connected pull-rod 25. bell
crank 26, and chain 27. actuated by the pull of a finger, or by any other suitable
means, be turned about the axis of the tube 7. from such supporting position to a
position in which it will cease to support the handle-bar and will allow of the latter
being lowered below its supported position, in which event it will be operative in
applying the brake 28. to the front wheel 29 vide Fig 2. or by means of suitable
connections 30. it may also be operative in applying a brake on a rear wheel or wheels
or on any convenient part of the vehicle, boat or apparatus to which the mechanism
is applied.
The handle-bar is caused to be operative in such manner at such times by means of
adjustable rods 31 which are screwed into the bosses 9. through its axis and conse-
quently partake of the said vertical reciprocations but reversoly being on the opposite
side of such axis. When the collar 21 is turned about its axis, as atoresaid, and the
handle-bar is depressed below its said supported position the circumferentially grooved
ends of the rods 31 engage with the projecting ends of a cross rod 32 which is
supported by arms 33 projecting from loosely mounted collars 34. encircling adjacent
turned parts of the boss 5 or of the bosses 5. and 9 and is connected by a depending
rod 35 to the brake 28. centred at 36 to a bearing 37. projecting from the fork,
and such brake and any connected brake is or are consequently applied, and can be
applied with the whole weight of the upper part of the body of the operator bearing on
the handle-bar which is of a considerable importance advantage. The cross rod 32.
and the brake 28 are normally kept in position ready for such actuation by a
spring 38 connected to a cross-bar 39. and to the boss 5.
The sad vertical lifting movements of the handle-bar are rendered effective in
actuating the said shaft or connected mechanism as aforesaid by connecting the
rods 20 or any equivalent connecting means thereto by a clutch operating device,
by a ratchet and pawl, by levers or by any suitable means which will allow of the
unimpeded lowering of the handle-bar after each actuation for the next following
operation; such device in the illustration given is represented by a recessed clutch 42.
which is caused to be reciprocated about the axis of the shalt 40 by the movements
of the rods 20. The clutch surrounds the hub 43. of the shaft and is formed with
inclined recesses 44 fitted with rollers 45 of a less diameter than the greatest depth
of the recesses so that as the clutch is reversed by the lowering of the handle-bar the
rollers 45. will freely follow and will not interfere with the turning of the shaft by
the operation of the pedals 6. (which at any time may alone be operated if the
operator desires to rest on the handle-bar in its supported position), but when the
clutch is brought into operation at each lifting operation of the handle-bar
the rollers 45. are jammed between it and the hub of the shaft and the lifting power
of the operator is thus utilized. It the motion of the shaft 40 be desired to be
communicated to any other axle of the vehicle, boat or apparatus to which the
mechanism is applied, such may be effected by a chain wheel 46. and connecting
chains 47. or by bevel-gearing or in any other convenient or appropriate manner,

page_text: and by such means motion may be given as for example to a paddle or screw
propeller shaft or to the axle of a grindstone; the lateral turning of the handle-bar
may be likewise utiliz for steering or guiding, purposes by suitably connecting it
to the rudder attachments or to the part to be actuated, and the braking movement
of the handle-bar may likewise be utilized in stopping or reversing the paddles or
in disconnecting the gearing. The vertical reciprocations of the handle-bar may
also be utilized for steering or directing purposes in like manner as hereinbefore
described with reference to the utilization of such movements for braking purposes.
It is of advantage that the lifting power of both hands and arins exerted in the
line of the body as aforesaid should be simultaneously applied as in the arrangement
herein before described wherein the handles are made fast to one and the same
handle-bar, but the handle bar-may be formed in parts capable of independent action
in the manner herembefore described.
In the hereinbefore described arrangement the clutch operating device is actuated
directly by the upward pull of the handle-bar as aforesaid, but the sud lifting power
may be indirectly applied by causing it to compress a spring 48 linked to the clutch
and to simultaneously raise the latter into operative position so that on the handle-
bar being lowered the acquired energy of the spring will be operative in actuating
the clutch.
+
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim 15,
1. So constructing and arranging in the manner hereinbefore described treadles,
cranks or like foot-operated devices and a double handle-bar or like hand operated
device in combined treadle and hand driving mechanism, as that the weight and the
whole lifting power obtainable with both hands of the operator are simultaneously
exerted in directly opposite vertical or nearly vertical directions practically in line
with the direction of the body, and are in such manner conjunctively utilized in
driving or otherwise actuating the vehicle, boat or apparatus to which the mechanism
is applied.
2. In combined treadle and hand driving mechanism operating substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described, a double handle-bar so arranged in the manner
herembefore described as that it can be vertically reciprocated about a horizontal axis
and as that such reciprocations can as may be required be utilized for actuating,
braking and directing the vehicle, boat or apparatus to which the mechanism is
applied.
3. In combined treadle and hand-driving mechanism operating substantially in the
manner herembefore.described, a.double-handle-bar so arranged in the manner herein-
before described as that it can be vertically reciprocated about a horizontal axis and as
that it can also be turned about a vertical or approximately vertical axis, and as that
such reciprocations can be utilized for actuating and braking the vehicle, boat or
apparatus to which the mechanism is applied and as that its turning movements can
be utilized for directing such apparatus.
4. In combined hand and tieadle driving mechanism, the connection of a vertically
reciprocating double handle-bar with a clutch or equivalent intermittently operating
device operating on the shaft or part to be actuated, by means of a spring so arranged
as to be compressed by the upward pull of the handle-bar and as to be automatically
operative in imparting motion to the said shaft or part to be actuated during the
inoperative or return movement of the handle-bar in the manner hereinbefore
described.
5. The arrangement of combined hand and treadle driving mechanism herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1890.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improved Means of 'Effecting Aerial Locomotion.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM ZIMER, of Mortimer Road, Dalston, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows
My invention relates to certain improved means of effecting aerial locomotion and
which I propose to use both as an aerial vessel dependent for its buoyancy upon its
forward movement and also in connection with balloons or the like as a means of
propelling, directing, raising and lowering the same
All aerial navigation machines hitherto proposed of which I am aware have been
devised without regard to the utilization of the whole available force that may be
brought into operation by man, and with but little regard to the formation of the
apparatus in such a manner as to effect the elimination of all resistance offered thereby
not effective in buoying the vessel
The special objects of my invention are to economise and use to the best advantage
for the purpose of the Invention the whole available strength and power which man
can bring into operation at a time, and to contrive more suitable means of utilizing
such power in ascending, floating, locomoving and descending in the air, which while
relying upon the resistance of the air for flotation will present a minimum resistance
to locomotion so that the necessary or most useful velocity of forward motion may be
obtained with a minimum expenditure of power
In accordance with the present improvements, I construct an aerial vessel with a
sail or floating wings of the novel construction hereinafter described, with a
depending attached car of the novel construction hereinafter described containing
pedomotive and manumotive apparatus of the nature hereinafter described, and with
an adjustable propeller also of the novel construction hereinafter described and which
may be attached to the said car or to the sail or both and is operated by such pedo
and manumotive apparatus
The framework of the sail is preferably made in one piece of a pointed formation
in front and with two rear adjustable wings for steering purposes, and is covered on
the top and bottom sides, the framework being made of such a formation and being
so covered as that it will present a flat or slightly concave surface on the underside
adapted to catch the air and an upper convex surface By so constructing the sail I
attain a sufficiency of strength to support the car, apparatus and aeronaut, with a
I further
minimum weight and with a minimum impediment to forward motion
propose to fix the covering material on the upper side in such a way as to be readily
detachable and form an attached parachute above the sail for regulating the descent
if required
The car is made of a cage-like formation with a quadrangular platform fitted with
under wheels at the rear and with one at the front, and with a ribbed frame rising
from the platform and meeting centrally at the top at which, at one or more points, it
is attached to a centre rib of the sail in such a manner as that it may be adjusted
forwardly or rearwardly relatively thereto in order to maintain a position conformable
with the law of gravity when it is desired to ascend, float or descend, and according to
the desired rate of velocity of propulsion
The main support of the car is secured rectangularly to the platform thereof, and
the car is prevented from any swinging movement relatively to the sail by additional
front and back attachments by means of which the inclination of the sail may be
determined as required With the aforesaid view of minimising resistance to the
forward motion of the car, I enclose the frame thereof with any suitable light material,
and adapt it with a similarly enclosed chipper-shaped bow which may occupy a
relatively fixed position or a relatively movable one in which latter event it may be
suitably connected to a centre front support of the car and by suitable attachments

page_text: may be moved or directed to the right or to the left as desired in order that the vessel
may be caused to sail obliquely against the wind or in a circular direction
The projecting stem of such bow may carry the aforesaid front wheel so that by
simply turning the bow to the one side or to the other the vessel can be directed at
will in the air, or, as it may be, on the land, and on the water in the event of the car
being made watertight
I also propose to make the rear part of the cai movable, if requied, so as to act as
a rudder
The platform of the car is further provided with a centre rib and bearer on which
the apparatus for operating the propeller is elected
I construct and apply such apparatus in such a manner as that I utilize the weight
of the aeronaut by causing him to work treadles operating the propeller mechanism,
simultaneously with the utilization of his lifting power by causing him to work a
double hand lever likewise operating such mechanism either diectly, or by means of
a spring which is brought into operative position with the upward movement of the
said hand lever and automatically comes into operation when the arms are returning
in the downward movement, all such movements tending to impart a uniform rotary
motion to a shaft which by suitably disposed gearing causes a propeller shaft and
propeller thereon to be rotated with the necessary velocity and by which means 1
obtain important advantages over all previously existing appliances for the
purpose
I prefer to arrange such apparatus in such a manner as that the treadles or foot
levers are connected to rear uprights rising from the platform of the car, and between
such uprights and the foot-plates are connected by rods to cranks or pinned discs on
the said shaft, also similarly connecting the hand lever upon which both hands act
equally and simultaneously to the said rear uprights and either causing them to
directly actuate the said cranks or pinned discs in the upward movement or to extend
a spring which when released by the reverse movement of the hand lever catches and
operates a ratchet wheel on the said shaft, all such means tending as aforesaid to
operate the said shaft and to impart a continuous rotary motion thereto with all the
effective power which man is capable of bringing into action at a time
The said motion is communicated by bevil or other suitable gearing to the propeller
shaft which projects rearwardly of the car, and is so connected to the aforesaid shaft
as fhat it may be caused to assume various positions of elevation relatively thereto in
accordance with the desire of the aeronaut to ascend, float or descend
The propeller is made with a series of vanes preferably two or four in number
projecting through an enlarged tubular shaft and supporting each other within the
same, each vane being made of a ribbed formation and being covered on both sides
with suitable material and by which means I obtain a large area of the propeller with
a light and sufficiently strong construction
Wherever possible in the aforesaid apparatus I propose to use light steel tubing in
the construction thereof, but the aforesaid ribs, supports and the like may advan-
tageously be made of rectangular lath tubing, formed by connecting opposite parallel
laths at the edges and supporting the tube thus formed internally with similar shaped
blocks at suitable intervals apart
Dated this and dow of Ma 1000
COMILLIE SIECIFICATIUN
Improved Means of Effecting Aerial Locomotion.
1, FREDERICK WILLIAM ZIMER. of Mortimer Road, Dalston, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described & ascertained in & by the following
statement
-
This Invention relates to an improved aerial navigating machine which is

page_text: represented on the accompanying drawings in side elevation in Fig 1, in front
elevation in Fig 2, and in plan view with the aerostatic attachment removed in
Fig 3 Fig 4, represents in elevation a detached view of improved combined hand
and treadle mechanism to be operated by the aeronaut for effecting the propulsion
of the air-ship Fig 5, represents in detail certain parts of the mechanism
illustrated in Fig 4 Fig 6, represents such mechanism in sectional plan view
Fig 7, represents an upper plan view of certain parts of the mechanism illustrated
in Figs 4 and 6
Fig 8, represents a detailed view of the method of constructing
the propeller blade Fig 9, represents the method of securing the propeller blades
to the propeller shaft Figs 10, represents a detail view of the handle attachment of
the actuating mechanism and Fig 11, represents a sectional detail view of the method
of constructing the main sail and of connecting the aerostatic attachment thereto
The scale of the Drawings is variable
The improved air-ship is constructed with an aerostatic attachment which can if
required be utilized as a parachute, with a supporting main sail fitted with adjustable
tail-sails with a car depending from the main sail and with propelling mechanism
and combined hand and treadle actuating mechanism to be operated by the aeronaut,
each of the improved construction hereinafter described
The air ship is made according to the general outline represented in Figs 1, to 3,
the upper part of the aerostatic attachment being made of an inverted boat like
shape in cross section and the underside of the supporting main sail being made
with a depending central rib, 12, and with sharp side edges, 13, the lateral parts
between the said rib and such side edges being made of a concaved formation
declining from the front to the rear of the air-ship In lieu of the under-rib, 12, the
central part of the sail may be made as an independent closed compartment running
from end to end of the sail with the under part of such compartment also made of a
concaved formation The sail is constructed with a framework composed of
surrounding tubing, 14 and of longitudinal midrib tubing 12, 15, and of transverse
tubing, 16, all such tubing being rivetted or otherwise secured together at the
several intersections thereof, and being braced together at the under side thereof by a
lattice work of thin and narrow flat ribbon steel or the like, 17, interlaced and
rivetted at the several intersections thereof The ends of such ribbon steels, 17,
project beyond the surrounding tubing, 14, vide Fig 11, and are united at their
projecting ends by a surrounding ribbon steel, 18, which causes the sail to present a
fine edge in the direction of travel, and to the upper side of which ribbon, 18, there
is rivetted at suitable intervals other lengths of ribbon steel, 19, disposed towards the
tubing, 14, and connected adjacent thereto by a longitudinally disposed ribbon
steel, 20 The underside of the lattice work over the whole extent of the under
surface of the sail is covered with a suitable fabric, 21, which is turned around
the edge of the ribbon, 18, is passed over the ribbons 19, and is connected to the
ribbon 20
The aerostatic attachment is also caused to keep the required shape by an
analogous arrangement of latticed ribbon steel, 22, which is rivetted to the
surrounding tubing, 14, of the sail The covering, 23, of such attachment consists
of a suitable fabric which is held in close contact with the said tubings 14, by
cords ropes or the like, 24, which are passed through holes or openings at 25, made
in the before described frame of the main sail, and are all connected to the
point, 26, hereinafter referred to which is preferably fitted with bearing wheels A
Such cords are provided with suitable catches at, 25, so that they normally cause
the fabric, 23, to be held in close contact with the tubing, 14, as above mentioned
and when the attachment is desired to be used as a parachute the whole series of
such cords may be released from the manumotive part of the actuating mechanism
in the manner hereinafter described When such means are operated, the covering
of the aerostatic attachment is at liberty to open out into a parachute like form being
connected to the air ship only by the cords, 24
To the ends of the main sail there are hinged tail sails, 27, which are constructed
of tubing, lattice work and an, enclosing fabric in the manner hereinbefore described

page_text: with reference to the main sail These tail sails are adjustable relatively to the
main sail and are operated by the means hereinafter described and are effective in
enabling the air-ship to be guided as may be required
The car, 28, is made with a sharp bow like front, and with a rear part tapering
towards the ludder and is constructed with tubular and lattice framing and an
enclosing fabric substantially in the manner hereinbefore described It is adjustably
connected to and depends from the said longitudinal mid-ribs, 12, 15, of the main
sail It is fitted with a rudder, 29, and with the means by which the propeller, 30,
udder 29, and tail wings, 27, are respectively manipulated and actuated, and with
the means by which the inclination of the propeller shaft, 31, relatively to the
forward direction of the main sail may be adjusted
The propeller blades are made with tubular and lattice framing and an enclosing
fabric as hereinbefore described, or each of its sides may be covered with the
fabric
The propeller blades are removably secured to the propeller shaft by means of
sectional bosses, 32, formed with clipping parts, 33, in which the tubular framing of
the blade is secured by bolts, 34, the clips being also formed with interlocking
projections and recesses, 35, which respectively support each other in the manner
represented in Fig 9 the sections being held fast by a bolt, 36, uniting two thereof
and one or more of the sections may be keyed to the shaft
The aforesaid series of cords or wires, 24, are adjustably connected to the point, 26,
so that the main sail can be set at any desired inclination relatively to the car
The propelling shaft is made of a telescopic formation vide Fig 7, so as to permit
of the car and the actuating mechanism it carries being adjusted or shifted relatively
to the main sail along the midribs, 15, as may be required The shaft is mounted in
a bracket, 37, centred on a cross shaft, 38 carried by the said midribs, 15, and is
driven from the shaft. 39 by the cham wheels, 40, chains, 41, and bevil gearing, 42
A tubular shaft 43, is centred on and depends from the said cross shaft, 38, and
carries a rudder 29, which can be actuated as may be required by the cords or wires,44
connected from lateral extensions, 45, on the part, 52 uide Fig 4, to like exten-
sions, 47, projecting from bosses, 48, centred on the tube 43, and connected to the
ludder The lower extensions, 47, engage with forked arms, 50, rising from the axle
of rear supporting wheels 51, which may be detachably applied so as to be auto-
matically liberated as the air-ship rises from the ground
The front upright, 46, is supported by the framing 49, and is fitted with an
adjustable top part, 52, which can rotate about its axis and to which is centred a
double hand-lever, 53, fitted with adjustable handles, 54, each so constructed vide
Fig 10 that in lifting it adjusts itself to the direction of the hand but in lowering or
when at rest it falls into such a position as will allow the hand to take a firm hold
thereof
The axis of the handle-bar is fitted with a rearwardly extending lever arm 55,
which terminates over the axis of the part. 52, and is connected by a rod or the like y
from such termination to a reciprocating clutch or the like, 56, adapted to the main
driving shaft, 39, which is carried by the framing, 49, and on which are also keyed
pedal levers, 57 By such improved connection, the full power the aeronaut is
capable of exerting can be exerted,he simultaneously depressing the pedals and lifting
the hand levers and by both of such movements simultaneously imparting motion to
such driving shaft The shaft by the means aforesaid imparts motion to the propeller
shaft The upright, 46, is fitted with a slotted rotating boss, 58, in the slot of which
is fixed a carried boss, 59 The slotted boss is connected by a rod, 60, to the said
termination of the aforesaid lever arm, 55, at which point it is made of a ratchet like
formation vide Fig 5, and such ratchet like part is normally kept out of gear with
the actuating pin, 61, of such lever-arm by a spring or the like, 62, and can be thrown
into engagement therewith by a lever z The said carried boss is connected by a
depending rod, 63, to a pawl 64, carried by an arm, 65, on a stud, 66, carrying a
ratchet wheel 67, and grooved pulley, 68, around which is wound a cord 71, leading
to the aforesaid tail sails, by such means the tail sails or either of them may be

page_text: actuated by putting the relative ratchet slotted rod. 60, into engagement with the
lever-arm 55, of the handle bar Reverse movement of the ratchet wheel 67 is pre-
vented by a pawl, 69, which as well as the pawl, 64, is capable of being raised out of
gear by a cord or cords, 70, leading to the said handle 54 so as to release the tail sails
from the action of the device
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is -
1 The improved aerial navigating machine hereinbefore described with reference to
the accompanying drawings
2 The combination in an aerial navigating machine, of, an aerostatic attachment
capable of being utilized as a parachute a supporting main sail fitted with adjustable
tail sails, a car depending from the main sail, and propelling mechanism and com-
bined hand and treadle actuating mechanism, each of improved construction herein-
before described
3 In an aerial navigating machine the application and use of an aerostatic
attachment capable of being released and used as a parachute substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described
4 In an aerial navigating machine the application and use of a supporting main
sail forming the under part of an aerostatic attachment and fitted with adjustable tail
sails each constructed substantially in the manner hereinbefore described
5 In an aerial navigating machine, the application and use of the hereinbefore
described improved arrangements of propelling mechanism and combined hand and
treadle actuating mechanism
6 The formation of an acial navigating machine of the general outline hereinbefore
described with reference to Figs 1, and 3
7 The construction of the main-sail, tail sails, propeller blades and car framing
with tubular and lattice framing rivetted or secured at the several intersections, and
with an enclosing fabric substantially in the manner hereinbefore described
8 The hereinbefore described improved means of detachably connecting the
propeller blades to the propeller shaft
9 The hereinbefore described improved means of adjusting the angle of the main
sail and of the propeller shaft relatively to the car
10 So constructing the framing of an aerial navigating machine as that a part
thereof not required for navigating purposes may be automatically released after
launching substantially in the manner hereinbefore described
Dated this 3rd day of March 1890
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, WC, Agents for the Applicant