IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND " PARING LINSEED OIL CAKES AND VINES SIMINAR SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Dobson, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND
"
PARING LINSEED OIL CAKES AND VINES SIMINAR
SUBSTANCES.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Dobson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd March 1875.
I, THOMAS DOBSON, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
AND PARING LINSEED OIL CAKES AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
In the manufacture of oil cakes the edges come out sharp and ragged,
and have to be planed down afterwards. This has hitherto been done by
hand labour.

page_text: of two plates; one considerably smaller than the oil cake and called the
supporting plate, which is firmly fixed on a support, the lower end of
which has a wheel free to revolve on an axle, the bearings of which are
in the fork of said support or else (as I usually prefer) two wheels are
placed on on each side of said support. These wheels run on a cam so
that the whole is raised or lowered by variations in level of the cam
below. The other plate, called the face plate, is fixed exactly parallel and
opposite to the supporting plate.
2nd. In one or more metallic forms with perpendicular sides exactly
similar in contour to the intended shape of a horizontal section of the 1
cake through its centre. In the centre of this form the supporting plate
is sunk flush, the support passing through said form. (Sometimes the
form merely consists of two parallel guides on the main wheel hereafter
described.) Firmly fixed to the frame to which the form is secured (the
"main wheel" of article 7) is the support of the india-rubber face plate, 1
leaving roon however between the side of the form and. the support of
the face plate for the knives hereafter described to freely work.
3rd. A pair of stationary knives firmly fixed to the frame of the
machine and adjustable at pleasure, so that as the cake, securely held
between the supporting and face plates, passes the said knives, they cut 2
two sides of the cake to the required size and shape.
4th. In two knives having an intermittent reciprocating motion so
arranged as to reciprocate during the time when the moving frame above
referred to is stationary. These knives bave springs or weighted levers
to keep them pressing against the cake, and also have guides working 2
against the side of the form aforesaid, the guides thus causing them to
cut the edges of the still uncut sides of the cake parallel to the sides of
the form.
5th. Sometimes I arrange the supporting plate so as to be exactly the
length to which I intend to cut the cakes, and then fix blades to the 3
face plate ends, so that as the supporting plate carrying the cake is
lifted up the blades on the ends of the face plate shear off the ends of
the cake to the right size. They can then be trimmed in the usual
manner.
6th. The mode of working the machine which I prefer is by rotativo 3
motion. Several "forms" (five by preference) are arranged round the
circumference of a wheel called the "main wheel," about five feet in

page_text: diameter for a five form wheel. Except where the forms are placed the
surface of the wheel slopes towards each side to let the parings fall off.
This wheel is keyed into a horizontal shaft and if necessary is further
supported by a series of friction wheels bearing on a circular cam
fastened to the machine frame on the other side of the main wheel to
that from which the spokes concentrate to the shaft. Cast to the frame
or to the aforesaid circular cam is the cam actuating the five supporting
plates, so arranged as to press the supporting plates against the cakes
(inserted between them and the face plates), a little before they reach
the highest part of the wheel, and keep the cake between them tight
until they rotate through an arc of about 100° degrees, when another
part of the cam draws them back and thus permits the cakes to fall off
on to the travelling table hereafter described. The face plate is sup-
ported on a pedestal having a single curved support like a J placed
wrong side up, and with the shaft so situated as to make room for the
knives mentioned in parts 3 and 4 to work freely. An intermittent
motion is given to the wheel so that whenever a form reaches the
highest point, the wheel stops for a longer time than it had previously
been in motion, and the transverse knives mentioned in part 4 are made
to reciprocate on opposite sides of a stationary continuation of the form
and of the form itself, cutting the cake edges in the required manner,
being pressed against them by springs or other mechanism. The knives
return beyond the reach of the wheel and of the forms, before the inter-
mittent motion of the wheel begins again. The cake now passes
between two stationary knives fixed to the frame of the machine, and
adjustable as regards distance apart, which shave off the ends of the cake
to the required shape. When the cake passes the vertical position the
supporting plate is drawn back by the central cam, and the cake falls
unto a travelling table geared with the wheel carrying the forms so as to
go at the same speed.
7th. As regards details the knives instead of being simple blades are
curved or angular, and the contour of their edges is exactly the shape in
which it is desired the edges of the cake should be cut. Thus, if we
require the cake to have two bevelled edges with a flat portion between
like a V with its lower portion cut off and a horizontal line substituted
for it, we make the knife of that shape.

page_text: i
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Thomas
Dobson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
DOBSON, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Thomas Dobson, Her special licence that I,
the said Thomas Dobson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Thomas Dobson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CUTTING AND PARING LINSEED OIL CARES AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Dobson, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within seven calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Dobson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to accompanying Drawings
and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon :-
Oil cakes when they come from the press, and are stripped of their
bags or envelopes are found to have very rough edges. The ends too
have still a large amount of oil in them and are uncouth in shape. It is
to cut off these ends rich in oil and trim the edges and to make the
cakes approximately all of one size and weight that this Invention is

page_text: ..
Plate 1 is a longitudinal section; plate 2, plan, and plate 3, an
elevation. The same letters and figures relate to the same parts in the
various Drawings.
A, A¹, are a pair of fast and loose driving pulleys on shaft A²; this is
geared into shaft B' by spur gearing A³, B³, shaft B² gearing into shaft c
by a Geneva stop motion C¹, B¹, the pin in B' is prolonged, and by means
of levers D, E, F, is made to operate the slides G, G, sliding in bearings
on the frames of the machine H' and H². On shaft C I key the revolving
frame I having a trough on each side all round to catch parings as here-
after described. Fastened securely to frame I on pedestals J, I place a
series of equidistant plates K, preferably five in number, nearly the size
to which a cake has to be cut. To these I sometimes attach a thick pad
of india-rubber, not shown in the Drawings, so as to ease the pressure on
the cake, when the lower plate K³, to be here afterwards described is
pressed up against it; K' is a plate immediately below and parallel to
plate K; it is supported on a rectangular or polygonal spindle in bearings
in frame I, carrying at its lower extremity the wheel or grooved pulley
L travelling on the tubular cam M, which is fastened in a suitable
manner to frame H³, and usually kept pressing upward in its proper
position by a balance weight and lever N, N', as shown. When these are

page_text: used the india-rubber pad may be dispensed with. The tubular cam is
so designed that at certain positions it presses the plates K, K', towards
cach other, and at other points relaxes or entirely withdraws the
pressure; P, P¹, are two knives on suitable holders fastened to frames
H³, H³.
A travelling table, not shown in the Drawing, is usually added
to the machine to carry away the cakes when finished.
The mode of operating is as follows:-A cake having been placed by
the operator at Q, plate 3, against the projection Q¹ and K¹, the frame
rotates until the cake assumes a horizontal position at Q². The Geneva
stop motion B¹, C¹, has now done its active work and the frame remains
stationary during a period of four-fifths of a revolution of shaft B³.
During its previous motion however from position Q¹ to Q³, K¹ has been
forced up till it presses the cake tight against K by means of the cam
M and roller L; while the frame is stationary the knives R, R, on slides
G, G, commence to work, reciprocating once too and fro on opposite
sides of the cake, being governed in their action by bearings on frames
H³, H³, and by the link work D, E, F, and the cord and weight S. These
V shaped knives pare the cake, the parings falling down into the trough
or gutters from which they are carried by spouts back to the kettles or
other convenient place. As soon as the knives have got clear of the
cake the pin B¹ comes in contact with another slot of Geneva stop 0³,
and again causes the revolving frame to rotate through an arc of 72
degrees, thus bringing another cake up to be operated on by the
aforesaid knives. In rotating however the frame has also caused the
first cake to pass between V shaped knives P, P', which cut off the
ends.
Sometimes I have two pairs of these knives instead of one. The first
pair cuts off the ends, and the second trues the cake up. When at length
the cake has nearly reached position Q', plate 3, the roller runs off the end
of the cam and another cam, not shown in the Drawing, or a spring or
sometimes even the cake itself forces the jaws apart, and the cake falls
out on to a travelling table or band. The best of these plans for forcing
open the jaws K, K¹, is a spring coiled round between a collar on the
spindle and the inside of the rotating frame.
Having now described my Invention and the manner of carrying it
into practice, I would remark that I am well aware that hardly any part
of my machine is without its counterpart in other machinery for other

page_text: purposes, but what I wish to claim as new and original in my Invention
is,-
1st. The use of a self-acting vice formed of a fixed and moveable
plate, the latter regulated as regards position by means of a cam or its
mechanical equivalent for the purposes described.
2nd. The method of regulating the position of the cake in the vice by
projection Q, substantially as described.
3rd. The use of the Geneva stop motion or its mechanical equivalent
so as to regulate the intermittent motion of a cake cutting machine.
4th. The use of an intermittent revolving frame for carrying the cakes
in an oil cake cutting machine.
5th. The arrangement of horizontal sliding bars G for carrying the
knives, substantially as shown.
6th. The arrangement of the stationary knives P and their holders,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
7th. The use of an india-rubber pad, spring, counterweight, as shown,
or their equivalent for preventing breakage by any accidental obstruction
in the cake holder, for the purposes described.
In witness whercof I, the said Thomas Dobson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
ומזח
TODA