IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Lakin, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, and John Bayley, of Heaton Norris, in the
same County, Mill Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY POR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 25th February 1870, and dated the 14th September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Lakin and John
Bayley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th September 1869.
We, ROBERT LAKIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, and JOHN BAYLEY, of Heaton Norris, in the same County,
Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in throstle frames for spinning or for twisting and
doubling are as follows:-In these machines it is usual either to drive

page_text: the spindles and flyers and to leave the bobbins to be drawn round by
the tension or pull of the thread or yarn as it is spun, twisted, or
doubled, or to drive the bobbins and to leave the flyers to be drawn
round by the thread or yarn as it is spun, twisted, or doubled. In the
latter mode the spindles are stationary, and the flyers are either made
with a short solid spindle, which revolves in a recess formed in the
stationary spindle, or with a short hollow spindle, which revolves on the
stationary spindle.
Our improvements apply to frames where the bobbin is driven
positively and the flyer is drawn round by the tension or pull of the
thread or yarn. When using a stationary spindle we affix it to and
support it entirely by the spindle rail. The short spindle of the flyer,
which rotates in the recess formed in the upper portion of the stationary
spindle, we make hollow instead of solid, thus reducing the weight and
forming a receptacle for the oil. To support and give motion to the
bobbins we use two bushes, an outer and an inner one; the outer one
is fastened in the lifting rail, and is employed to support the inner bush,
which rotates in it; the inner one supports and gives motion to the
bobbin. The bobbin is placed on the upper part of the inner bush, and
rests on a plate or disc cast with or attached to the bush. A pin or peg
is inserted in the disc and projects above it. The pin passes into a hole
in the bottom of the bobbin to cause the bobbin to rotate with the bush.
On the lower portion of the inner bush is affixed a wharve or small
pulley, which is driven by a band from the ordinary tin roller. The
hole in the inner bush must be made large enough to enable it to
revolve round the stationary spindle without coming in contact with it;
and as the bobbin is placed on the bush the bush keeps the bobbin from
touching the spindle, thereby causing the inner bush and the bobbin to
rotate without coming in contact with the stationary spindle, and pre-
venting the friction which would take place if they were in contact,
and also preventing the vibration being communicated from the one to
the other, and allowing the bobbin to be driven at a higher speed than
heretofore. The tin roller rotates in fixed bushes, whereas the wharve
on the inner bush rises or falls with the copping or lifting rail. Now if
the stationary spindles and bushes were fixed perpendicularly the raising
or lowering of the wharve will cause the tension of the driving band
to vary. To remedy this we fix the rails, spindles, and bushes in an
oblique position.

page_text: When spinning, twisting, or doubling fine yarns it is requisite that
the strain on the yarn or thread should be reduced. To effect this,
instead of using a fixed or stationary spindle we employ a loose one, to
which motion must be given. This loose spindle is supported at the foot
in a step in the usual way, and in the upper portion it is supported by
a short bush fixed in the inner part of the inner tube. When the
machine is in motion the friction which arises from the contact of the'
bush with the loose spindle causes it to rotate. This rotation of the
loose spindle by means of the friction of contact between the hollow.
spindle of the flyer and the recess in the loose spindle in which it rotates
assists to turn the flyer, and thereby reduces the strain on the yarn or
thread and enables us to spin, twist, or double fine yarns and threads,
and at a high velocity. Instead of giving motion to the spindle as above
described motion may be given from the tin roller or any other con-
venient source. To regulate the speed of the loose spindle we employ a
drag band and weight, and in cases where the material operated upon is
strong we apply a band and weight to the flyer to produce the requisite
drag. When frames are made with loose spindles for fine numbers the
same may be used for coarser numbers by applying a drag, which may
either be sufficient to stop its rotation or to diminish it to the required
extent.
The foregoing improvements are applicable to slubbing an 1 roving
frames, and when applied to these frames the usual cone and differential
motions may be dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Lakin and John Bayley in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
LAKIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and Joun
BAYLEY, of Heaton Norris, in the same County, Mill Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,

page_text: give and grant unto us, the said Robert Lakin and John Bayley, Her
special licence that we, the said Robert Lakin and John Bayley, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said.
Robert Lakin and John Bayley, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING,
SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Robert Lakin and
John Bayley, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Lakin and John Bayley,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
Our improvements in throstle frames for spinning or for twisting and
doubling are as follows:-In these machines it is usual either to drive
the spindles and flyers and to leave the bobbins to be drawn round by
the tension or pull of the thread or yarn as it is spun, twisted, or
doubled, or to drive the bobbins and to leave the flyers to be drawn
round by the thread or yarn as it is spun, twisted, or doubled. In the
latter mode the spindles are stationary, and the flyers are either made
with a short solid spindle, which revolves in a recess formed in the
stationary spindle, or with a short hollow spindle, which revolves on the
stationary spindle.
Our improvements apply to frames where the bobbin is driven
positively and the flyer is drawn round by the tension or pull of the
thread or yarn. When using a stationary spindle we affix it to and
support it entirely by the spindle or foot rail. The short spindle of the
'flyer, which rotates in the recess formed in the upper portion of the
stationary spindle, we make hollow instead of solid, thus reducing the
weight and forming a receptacle for the oil. To support and give motion

page_text: to the bobbins we use two bushes, an outer and an inner one; the outer
one is fastened in the lifting rail and supports the inner bush, which
rotates in it; the inner one supports and gives motion to the bobbin.
The bobbin is placed on the upper part of the inner bush, and rests on a
plate or disc cast with or attached to the bush. A pin or peg is inserted
in the disc and projects above it. The pin passes into a hole in the
bottom of the bobbin to cause the bobbin to rotate with the bush. On
the lower portion of the inner bush is affixed a wharve or small pulley,
which is driven by a band from the ordinary tin roller. The hole in the
inner bush must be made large enough to enable it to revolve round the
stationary spindle without coming in contact with it; and as the bobbin
is placed on the bush the bush keeps the bobbin from touching the
spindle, thereby causing the inner bush and the bobbin to rotate without
coming in contact with the stationary spindle, and preventing the
friction which would take place if they were in contact, and also pre-
venting the vibration being communicated from the one to the other,
and allowing the bobbin to be driven at a higher speed than here-
tofore. The tin roller rotates in fixed bushes, whereas the wharve on
the inner bush rises or falls with the copping or lifting rail. Now if the
stationary spindles and bushes were fixed perpendicularly the raising or
lowering of the wharve will cause. the tension of the driving band to
vary. To remedy this we fix the rails, spindles, and bushes in an oblique
position.
When spinning, twisting, or doubling fine yarns it is requisite that
the strain on the yarn or thread should be reduced. To effect this,
instead of using a fixed or stationary spindle we employ a loose one, to
which motion must be given. This loose spindle is supported at the foot
in a step in the usual way, and in the upper portion it is supported by
a short bush fixed in the inner part of the inner tube, or it may be
supported by the whole length of the inner tube. When the machine is
in motion the friction which arises from the contact of the bush or inner
tube with the loose spindle causes the spindle to rotate. This rotation
of the loose spindle by means of the friction of contact between the
hollow spindle of the flyer and the recess in the loose spindle in which
it rotates assists to turn the flyer, and thereby reduces the strain on the
yarn or thread, and enables us to spin, twist, or double fine yarns and
threads, and at a high velocity. Instead of giving motion to the spindle,
as above described, motion may be given from the tin roller or any other

page_text: convenient source. When frames are made with loose spindles for fine
numbers the same may be used for coarse numbers by applying a drag,
which may either be sufficient to stop its rotation or to diminish it to
the required extent.
The foregoing improvements are applicable to slubbing and roving
frames, and when applied to these frames the usual cone and differential
motions may be dispensed with.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we will
proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, reference
being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1. a is the lifting rail, and 6 the foot rail; c, the stationary
spindle fastened in the foot rail by the screw d; e is the outer bush
fastened in the lifting rail, and f the inner bush, which revolves loosely
in the bush e. To the lower end of the bush fis fastened the wharve g.
The bush is bored out large enough to rotate round the stationary
spindle without coming in contact with it. The upper end of the
wharveg is recessed to retain the oil for lubricating the inner bush f
and the top part of the outer bush e is recessed, as shewn in the
Drawing, to prevent the oil escaping, and to supply the under side of
the disc with lubricating material. The disc f is cast on the bush f,
and in it is the pin f, which takes into the lower flange of the bobbin h.
The flyer i has a short hollow spindle, which fits loosely in the upper
part of the spindle c. This hole in the spindle projecting from the
flyer reduces the weight and forms a receptacle for the oil. When in
operation the yarn or thread is connected to the flyer i and bobbin h in
the usual manner, and the bush f being driven by a band from the tin
roller passing partially around the wharve g revolves and takes round
the bobbin h, and the yarn takes round the flyer i, causing the necessary
tension or drag on the yarn.
Figure 2 represents another part of our Invention. In this arrangement
the spindle c is loose and rests against the inside of the bush f; when
the latter is in motion the friction between the bush and the spindle
causes the spindle to rotate, by which means the drag of the flyer i is
reduced, because the rotation of the spindle has a tendency to make the
flyer revolve, and therefore assists the yarn, consequently finer yarns can
be spun on this plan than in the arrangement shewn in Figure 1. The
circular plate k is moveable on the spindle c, and is employed either to
act as a drag to retard the spindle, or it, may be employed to stop its

page_text: rotation by lowering it until the stud ³ comes into a corresponding hole
in the rail b; or instead of allowing the spindle c to be carried round
solely by the friction of the inner bush f, it may be driven by a band
from the tin roller or other convenient source.
Figure 3 represents an end view of a throstle shewing the oblique
position in which we place the rails, spindles, and bushes to compensate
for the rise and fall of the wharves.
The improvements above described are applicable to slubbing and
roving frames, and when applied to such frames the usual cone and
differential motions are dispensed with, as the variations in the speed of
the flyers are equivalent to the variations in the speed of the bobbins
which these motions produce. By means of these improvements the
bobbins may be run at a great speed without causing the parts to vibrate,
thereby increasing the production.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Lakin and John Bayley,
have hereto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh day of March
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
ROBERT LAKIN. (L.8.)
JOHN BAYLEY.
(L.8.)