Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Fabric adapted for use in Pneumatic Tyres."
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1900-Accepted, 13th Mar., 1901
VI Application, foth Dec,
Complete Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1900-Accepted, 13th Mar., 1901
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Fabric adapted for
use in Pneumatic Tyres."
I, CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH, of Park House, Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of textile fabric adapted for use
in pneumatic tyres for cycles or motor and other vehicles.
The inextensible jackets (or casings) of the best pneumatic tyres are con-
structed with a fabric consisting of parallel threads closely packed together,
which threads are covered and held in place by a film or solution of rubber
deposited on both sides. Two strips or layers or series of this fabric are usually
used in the construction of a tyre and are so arranged that the threads in
one series are at an angle with the threads in the other scries as described in the
Specification of prior Letters Patent Nos. 13391 and 4351 granted to me on the
10th July 1893 and 4th March 1894 respectively or in some similar manner.
It has been found that tyres constructed with fabric of this type are sometimes
distorted when subjected to the stress which occurs in the inflation of the tyre.
This distortion may be sufficient to put the rim out of truth and it is also pro-
ductive of internal friction between the parts of the tyre and is otherwise
disadvantageous.
Now the object of my invention is to produce a textile fabric that will be free
from or will tend to reduce this liability to distortion. I construct a fabric
consisting of closely packed parallel threads or strands (which threads are held
together with rubber as above referred to) some of which are twisted in one
direction and some of which are twisted in the opposite direction. Consequently
the effect of whatever stress or pressure may be caused by the inflation of the
tyre, upon the threads of the fabric tending to untwist them will be equal in
both directions and the twist in one set of threads will balance the twist in the
other set.
I preferably employ an equal number of threads or strands having a right-hand
twist and of threads or strands having a left hand twist; and they may be
arranged alternately or otherwise.
I may also accomplish the same end by employing threads which are formed
by doubling from two or more threads the twists of which are not all in the
same direction. By properly choosing the twists of the component threads and
that of the compound thread I can vary the effect at will.
In manufacturing the above fabric I may pass the two sets of threads or strands
through reeds to the rollers and deposit the rubber thereon in the usual manner.
I may however produce the fabric by weaving, the warp being composed
of threads such as described above which are held together by a weft thread
or threads at intervals, such threads being merely strong enough to hold the main
threads together parallel while the film of rubber is deposited thereon and to
render the warp threads less liable to displacement.
It is however obvious that my invention may also be applied to woven fabric
having a warp and weft consisting of right and left hand threads throughout.

page_text: I may make the right and left hand threads or strands each of a different
colour.
Fabrics such as above described may be used for other purposes than the parts
of tyres to which the main strain is applied as for example for lining parts
or the whole of such tyres.
I may in some cases obtain the desired result by employing two kinds of
fabric, one composed of threads having a left-hand twist and the other composed
of threads having a right-hand twist, these two kinds of fabric being combined
together so that the threads of one will lie at an angle to the threads of the
other.
Dated this 13th day of December 1899
HASELTINE LAKE & Co
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.
Agents for the Applicant.
* Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Fabric adapted for
use in Pneumatic Tyres "
I, CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH, of Park House, Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to the manufacture of fabric for use in pneumatic tyres
for cycles or motor and other road vehicles.
The inextensible jackets or casings of the best pneumatic tyres are usually
constructed of fabric consisting of parallel threads closely packed together, and
covered and held in place by a film or solution of rubber. Two strips or layers or
series of this fabric are usually employed in the construction of a tyre jacket
or casing and are so arranged that the threads in one series are at an angle with
the threads in the other series as described in the Specification of prior Letters
Patent Nos. 13391 and 4351 granted to me on the 10th July 1893 and 4th March
1894 respectively, or in some similar manner.
It has been found that tyres constructed with fabric of this kind are sometimes
distorted when subjected to the stress which occurs in the inflation of the tyre.
This distortion may be sufficient to put the rim out of truth and it is also
productive of internal friction between the parts of the tyre and is otherwise
disadvantageous.
Now the object of my invention is to manufacture a fabric that will be free
from or will tend to reduce this liability to distortion, which object I attain by
employing threads or strands of right and left handed twist and so arranging
them that the effect of whatever stress or pressure on the fabric that may be
caused by the inflation of the tyre, tending to untwist the threads, will be equal
in both directions, because the twist in one set of threads will counterbalance the
twist in the other set.
In order that my said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawing
several examples of the manner in which the said fabric mav be manufactured.
I arrange in a suitable crcel any desired number of bobbins carrying the

page_text: threads or strands of right and left handed twist (or I may employ two beams
one wound with threads of right handed twist the other with threads of left
handed twist) and lead the said threads from these bobbins or beams through a
reed in a manner similar to that employed in warping frames, the threads being
so arranged that those of right handed twist alternate with those of left
handed twist and all lie in the same plane parallel to each other. From the reed
the threads are conducted to a roller or rollers and then a film of rubber or
other suitable composition is applied to them in the usual manner, the said film
acting to bind the threads closely together, whereby a sheet of fabric composed of
tho aforesaid alternating threads and held together by the said film is obtained
as represented in Figures 1 and 2.
In making a tyre cover from such fabric, I prefer to take two, four, six or more
strips of the fabric of the required width and length, with the threads lying
in a diagonal direction. These series of strips of fabric I then lie one upon
the other in such a manner that the diagonal threads of one strip cross the
diagonal threads of the other strip or strips in alternate series, the rubber film
or other composition by which the threads of the two strips or series of strips of
fabric are held together, serving also to cause the strips to firmly adhere to each
other. Figure 3 represents a piece of fabric made in the manner above described
and consisting of two layers a and b, the threads of one layer lving diagonally
with respect to the threads of the other. The ends of the strips of fabric thus
obtained, are then joined together to make a complete band, in the usual manner
which band is in some cases afterwards vulcanized with its rubber covering and
is provided with the stiffened or wired inextensible edges as is now well under-
stood. I may make the left and right hand twisted threads or strands of a
different colour.
In some cases the threads or strands employed in the manufacture of my
improved fabric may be formed by "doubling" from two, four or more sets of
threads, the twists of which are each in opposite direction one to the other. The
compound threads thus obtained are arranged side by side parallel one to the
other and are held together with a film of rubber or other suitable composition in
the usual manner.
Instead of manufacturing the improved fabric from threads of right and left
handed twist, arranged parallel to each other in one direction only, I may arrange
the said threads to interlace with other threads by weaving the two sets of threads
equally together, one set then constituting the warp and the other set the weft as
represented in Figure 4. The said weft threads need not in all cases be closely
packed together like the warp threads, but may be disposed at considerable
intervals apart, such weft threads being only sufficiently strong to hold the warp
threads together as represented in Figure 5, while the film of rubber or other
composition is deposited upon them. as aforesaid. The weft may be composed of
threads having a right and left handed twist like the warp or the twist of all
of the weft threads may be in the same direction. Or the warp may be composed
of threads having only a right or a left handed twist and the weft be composed
of threads having a twist opposite to that of the warp-
I may in some cases obtain the desired result by employing two kinds of fabric
as represented in Figure 6, one c composed of threads all having a left-hand twist
and the other composed of threads all having a right hand twist, these two
kinds of fabric being superimposed and so arranged that the threads of one series
will lie at an angle to the threads of the other series with or without a film of
rubber or other suitable composition between the fabrics.
Fabrics made in accordance with this invention may be used for parts of the
tyre other than those receiving the main stress, as for example for lining
purposes.
I do not wish to be confined to the use of single right and left handed
threads, arranged alternately, as I may in some cases use alternate series of
right and left handed threads.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is: -
1. For use in the manufacture of pneumatic tyres or covers, a fabric formed
partly of threads of right handed twist and partly of threads of left handed twist
for the purpose specified.
2. A fabric comprising threads or strands of right and left handed twist,
arranged relatively to each other substantially as described, and maintained in
position by rubber or other suitable composition or by threads or strands inter-
woven with or otherwise applied to them, for the purpose specified.
3. A pneumatic tyre, tyre cover or casing composed of fabric such as that
herein before described for the purpose specified.
1000
HASELTINE LAKE & Co
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C. Agents for the Applicant.