IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING OR STAINING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, ALSO SUITABLE FOR DRYING THE SAME AND FOR BLEACHING PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rydill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1872.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of Grove House, Dewsbury, in the County of
York, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING OR STAINING
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, ALSO SUITABLE FOR DRYING THE SAME AND FOR
BLEACHING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This my Invention received Provisional Protection on the 5th day of
February 1872, consists in machinery and apparatus for evenly arranging
and exposing piece goods, animal and vegetable substances to the action
of mordants and dye colouring or staining matters, and avoiding the
winceing of piece goods, also the working and opening out of the piece
goods by hand with sticks as they revolve over the wince which are now
fixed over dye vessels, preventing hawking of piece goods and wool, and
facilitating the process of dyeing piece goods by forming a hollow or
solid shaft round which is a grooved thread or spiral screw in the same

page_text: ;
way as a nut is made to rise or descend on the screw thread of a bolt. At
the bottom of this hollow or solid shaft are fixed two collars forming a
neck betwixt the two; on this neck I fix a large piercer wheel or plate
made round, oval, or any other shape, made of copper or any suitable
material, having a set screw or pin working through the collar of this
wheel or plate so that it can be made stationary or allowed freely to
work round. This wheel or plate contains a number of pierced holes
through some of the holes small hooks are placed attached to a spring
placed on the outer side of the wheel or plate; a second and similar
wheel or plate to the one fixed betwixt the two collars at the bottom of
the hollow or solid shaft works freely on the spiral thread or screw of
the hollow or solid shaft so that it is easily adjusted to any required
breadth of piece goods or yarns. The two wheels or plates are placed
apart from each other according to the breadth of the piece to be dyed
or stained, bleached or dryed. Those wheels or plates are fixed in an
exact position one with the other, making them fast to the hollow or
solid shaft with set screws working through the collars of the wheels or
plates. Attached to a projecting collar on the inside of each wheel or plate
are two chains, which chain links have holes through, or a projecting
loop or staple is fixed in each link or chain; a groove is sunk on the side
of each link of chain, and teeth or pegs stand up in the grooved part.
In order to charge this machinery with piece goods for dycing,
bleaching, or drying, the hollow or solid shaft ends rest on a frame in
bearers or necks in a horizontal position so that it is easily made to
revolve while attaching or unhooking picce goods, and the shaft wheels
or plates and chains are put in motion by hand or power, or the springs
are pressed on the back of the wheels or plates by means of a guide,
made in the form of a pitchfork stretching across the pierced wheels or
plates, to which guide is fixed a wheel working on the inside of the
wheels or plates, and as the piece goods are hooked on to the projecting
link and wound round the shaft, the guide in the form of a pitchfork is
elevated on the inside and is also brought in contact with the springs
fixed outside the wheels or plates which causes a sliding spring link to
project on the inside of each wheel or plate, which link contains teeth or
pegs fixed on the grooved part to hook on the piece goods and carry them
round the shaft; each spring link is held in its place by the guide until
the piece is hooked on to the grooved part of the link, and is carried
round in a spiral form, keeping the piece goods in a firm position; the

page_text: thickness of the chain or slide spring links form' divisions betwixt the
piece goods so that the dye liquid when boiling flows up and down the
numerous small passages formed by the coiling of the piece goods, the
two wheels or plates are pierced with holes opposite to grooves formed
in the chain or spring links so that the dye liquid rises up or passes
down through the holes in the wheels or plates betwixt the divisions of
the piece goods; and I prevent the piece goods from hanging loosely
such as one coil of cloth against the other, and obstructing the passages
for the circulation of the dye liquid, and preventing the dye liquid
from acting unevenly on the pièce goods by raising or screwing up the
top whcel or plate on the spiral groove or screw so that the piece goods
are stretched, allowing a free course for the die liquid, bleaching liquid
or air, or the pierced wheels or plates are made to slide on a horizontal
position on a fast guard key fixed on to a shaft. Or I place a wheel
with projecting arms working on a spiral groove or screw, or on a shaft
with a fixed guard key, of a hollow or solid shaft, each projecting arm
has a sunk or projecting dovetail to which is fixed a kind of link con-
taining teeth so that in winding on the piece goods they are supported
by the projecting arms and teeth fixed in the grooved side of the link.
Those links containing teeth are placed one over another so that
divisions are formed betwixt the piece goods, working at the bottom of
cach dovetail arm is a screw to tighten up the piece goods fastened on
to each link.
In dyeing animal and vegetable substances such as rags, hair, wool,
and waste which cannot be suspended, I form the two pierced wheels or
plates into ends of a revolving cylinder by placing wood, copper, or iron
bars stretched across any required distance from one pierced wheel or
plate to the other, and covering over the bars which are placed round
the periphery of the pierced wheels or plates with network wire or sheet
copper plates, forming the same into a cylindrical vessel with a door in
its centre for the introduction of material, the axis of each pierced wheel
or plate rests in bearers in the dye vessel so that it is made to revolve in
the dye vessel amongst the dye liquid, causing the material to turn over
so that the dye acts evenly.