Improvements in the Manufacture of Grindstones, Scythe Stones or Rubs," and other Whetstones and Millstones, Holy Stones, and Abrading and Polishing Stones, and Apparatus for use in the Manufacture of Certain of the said Stones.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 31st May, 1890
66
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Grindstones, Scythe Stones or
Rubs," and other Whetstones and Millstones, Holy Stones, and
Abrading and Polishing Stones, and Apparatus for use in the
Manufacture of Certain of the said Stones.
I DAVID WILSON of Millwood House Grays in the County of Essex Manager of
Cement Works do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the manufacture
of grindstones scythe stones or "rubs" and other whetstones and millstones holy
stones and abrading and polishing stones and of the apparatus hereinafter described
for use in the manufacture of grindstones and other circular stones.
In manufacturing the said stones according to my Invention I mix together sand
and Portland cement with either water or a solution of a suitable soluble silicate such
as silicate of soda or silicate of potash and where the stones are required to be of any
particular form I fill moulds of the required forms with the composition thus made
and allow the said composition to set I then remove the articles so made from the
moulds and soak them in water.
Where I mix the sand and Portland cement with water in preparing the composition
I in some cases soak the articles made therefrom in a solution of a suitable silicate
such as silicate of soda or silicate of potash after removing them from the moulds
instead of soaking the said articles in water.
I do not limit myself to the use of any particular kind or quality of sand but I use
various kinds and qualities of sand according to the purposes for which the stones or
articles to be manufactured are required to be used. Neither do I limit myself to the
use of any particular proportions of the materials herein before referred to.
For the manufacture of grindstones according to my invention I prefer to construct
a mould as hereinafter described.
I take a slab or plate of metal or other suitable material and having a plane surface
and I form a hole in the said slab or plate and support the said slab or plate so that its
plane surface is upward and horizontal. I then take a strip of metal or of any other
suitable flexible material of a length about equal to the required circumference of the
grindstone to be made and of a breadth about equal to the required thickness of the
said grindstone and I bend the said strip into the form of a hoop and connect the ends
of the said strip together by means of a fastening or fastenings capable of ready
engagement and disengagement and I place the said hoop on the said slab or plate
concentrically with the hole therein and in the said hole I place a pin or spindle of
the form and size required for the central hole of the grindstone to be made and I
support the said pin or spindle in the required position by means of bars engaged with
its upper part and with the upper edge of the said hoop. The mould is then ready
for the reception of the composition from which the grindstone is to be made. After
the required composition has been placed in the mould and allowed to set the mould
is opened by removing the bars which support the central spindle and unfastening the
ends of the strip which constitutes the hoop hereinbefore referred to the grindstone
which has been formed in the mould being thus released. The aforesaid pin or
spindle is then removed from the stone leaving the required central hole.
In some cases I make moulds substantially as herein before described for use in the
manufacture according to my Invention of certain other circular articles the central
pin or spindle and the bars which support it being omitted where a hole is not required
to be formed in the said articles. I'do not however limit myself to the use of such

page_text: moulds as moulds of any convenient construction suitable for the manufacture of
articles from ordinary materials by casting are suitable for use in the manufacture of
articles according to my invention.
Dated this 26th day of Iul.. 1000
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
66
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Grindstones, Scythe Stones or
Rubs," and other Whetstones and Millstones, Holy Stones, and
Abrading and Polishing Stones, and Apparatus for use in the
Manufacture of Certain of the said Stones.
I DAVID WILSON of Millwood House Grays in the County of Essex Manager of
Cement Works do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the manufacture
of grindstones scythe stones or
* rubs
and other whetstones and millstones holy-
stones and abrading and polishing stones and of the apparatus hereinafter described
for use in the manufacture of grindstones and other circular stones.
In manufacturing the said stones according to my invention I mix together sand
(preferably washed) and Portland cement with either water or a solution of a suitable
soluble silicate such as silicate of soda or silicate of potash and where the stones are
required to be of any particular form 1 fill moulds of the required forms with the
composition thus made and allow the said composition to set.
I then remove the
articles so made from the moulds and soak them in water.
Where I mix the sand and Portland cement with water in preparing the composition
I in some cases soak the articles made therefrom in a solution of a suitable silicate
such as silicate of soda or silicate of potash after removing them from the moulds
instead of soaking the said articles in water.
My invention is not limited to the use of any particular kind or quality or propor-
tions of the materials herein before referred to as any kind of sand may be used and
the proportions of the sand and cement and the degree of fineness of the sand may
be varied according to the purposes for which the stones are required to be used and
according to other circumstances. I have however found in practice that the following
proportions are suitable namely:-Sand five parts by weight. Cement one part by
weight. Water or silicate solution about one tenth part of the joint weight of the
cement and sand. And I have found that for the purpose of grinding and sharpening
tools such as carpenter's tools sand of such a degree of fineness as to pass through
a number thirty mesh sieve is sufficiently fine. Where the stones are to be used for
sharpening finer tools finer sand may be used.
Where silicate solutions are used they may be of any strength and where the
articles made as herein before described are soaked in water or silicate solutions the
said articles may be allowed to remain in the water or in the said solutions for a
period of twentyfour hours or longer.
For the manufacture of circular grindstones and other like stones according to my
invention I prefer to construct a mould as hereinafter described.
I take a slab or plate of metal or other suitable material and having a plane
surface and I form a hole in the said slab or plate and support the said slab or plate
so that its plane surface is upward and horizontal. I then take a strip of metal or of
any other suitable flexible material of a length about equal to the required circum-
ference of the grindstone to be made and of a breadth about equal to the required
thickness of the said grindstone and I bend the said strip into the form of a hoop
and connect the ends of the said strip together by means of a fastening or fastenings

page_text: capable of ready engagement and disengagement and I place the said hoop on the
said slab or plate concentrically with the hole therein and in the said hole I place a
pin or spindle of the form and size required for the central hole of the grindstone to
be made and I support the said pin or spindle in the required position by means of
bars engaged with its upper part and with the upper edge of the said hoop. The
mould is then ready for the reception of the composition from which the grindstone
is to be made. After the required composition has been placed in the mould and
allowed to set the mould is opened by removing the bars which support the central
spindle and unfastening the ends of the strip which constitutes the hoop hereinbefore
referred to the grindstone which has been formed in the mould being thus released.
The aforesaid spindle or pin is then removed from the stone leaving the required
centra! hole. A mould formed as hereinbefore described is illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing Figure 1 being a plan and Figure 2 an elevation of the said mould.
Referring to the said Figures a is the slab or plate is a bent strip of sheet metal
forming the hoop the ends of which are connected by bolts and nuts cd; e is the
spindle which produces the central hole in the stone the lower end of which spindle
is engaged in a hole in the plate a. ff are the bars by which the said spindle is
supported at its upper part each of which bars bus a hole formed in it with which hole a
reduced portion e¹ of the upper end of the spindle e is engaged. The said bars fare
engaged with the hoop by means of the hooked or turned down ends f* f* (see
Figure 2) which bear against the outer side of the said hoop and prevent the said bars
from being shifted end wise.
In some cases I make moulds substantially as herein before described for use in
the manufacture according to my invention of certain other circular articles the
central pin or spindle and the bars which support it being omitted where a hole is
not required to be formed in the said articles. I do not however limit myself to
the use of such moulds as moulds of any convenient construction suitable for the
manufacture of articles from ordinary materials by casting are suitable for use in the
manufacture of articles according to my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements hereinbefore described in the manufacture of grindstones scythe
stones or rubs" and other whetstones and millstones holystones and abrading and
polishing stones that to say the manufacture of the said stones from a composition
the essential ingredients of which are Sand and Portland Cement.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1890.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.