IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOILERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING BATHS, AND OTHER PHBROGO
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Comyn Ching, of Castle Street, Long Acre, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE BOILERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING BATHS, AND OTHER
PHBROGO"
Sealed the 6th May 1870, and dated the 16th November 1869..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Comyn Ching at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1869.
I, COMYN CHING, of Castle Street, Long Acre, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOILERS OF HOT-WATER APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING BATHS,
AND OTHER PURPOSES." to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the boilers employed for
heating water for the supply of baths and other similar purposes, and for
warning apartments and buildings. By means of these improvements
the water may be heated more rapidly and the temperature maintained
whilst effecting an economy in fuel.

page_text: One arrangement of boiler by which an increased heating surface is
obtained consists of a rectangular box or water space, from the front
surface of which short dome-shaped or it may be taper tubes project
into the fire chamber. The projecting ends of these tubes are closed,
the other ends communicating with the body of the boiler, which as
well as the tubes is kept constantly filled with water. The boiler com-
municates with a hot-water tank or reservoir by means of tubes as usual,
said reservoir being supplied with water from any convenient source.
the heating tubes of the boiler project into the midst of the fire chamber,
which moreover has access to all sides of the boiler, the water con-
ained therein will be very quickly heated. Instead of forming the
boiler with short closed tubes the latter may return and communicate at
both ends with the boiler, in which case they would be of curved form,]
the bent part projecting into the midst of the fire chamber as before,
the tubes being arranged in a perpendicular or oblique direction.
As
This
According to another arrangement I make the boiler entirely of tubes
without any fire back, the tubes being arranged in the form of a flat
(or it may be arched) grating placed horizontally across the middle of
the fire chamber, or preferably inclined upward towards this point.
tubular boiler is fixed in the stove in any suitable manner, and com-
municates with the hot-water reservoir as described in reference to the
previous arrangement. The pipe for supplying hot water where required
is in either case connected to the hot-water reservoir in the usual
manner; but I prefer to carry the return pipe to the lower part of the
boiler in order that the water after circulating through the supply pipes
may be returned direct to the boiler instead of to the hot-water tank as
hitherto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Comyn Ching in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th May 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, COMYN
CHING, of Castle Street, Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year a

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Comyn Ching, Her special licence that
I, the said Comyn Ching, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Comyn Ching, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOILERS OF
HOT-WATER APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING BATHS. AND OTHER PURPOSES." upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Comyn Ching, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Comyn Ching, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement; reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):-
My Invention relates to improvements in the boilers employed for
heating water for the supply of baths and other similar purposes and for
warming apartments and buildings. By means of these improvements
the water may be heated more rapidly and the temperature maintained
with a less expenditure of fuel.
One arrangement of boiler by which an increased heating surface is
obtained consists of a rectangular box or water space, from the surface
of which short dome-shaped or it may be taper tubes project into the
fire chamber. The projecting ends of these tubes are closed, the other
ends communicating with the body of the boiler, which as well as the
tubes is kept constantly filled with water. The boiler communicates
with a hot-water tank or reservoir by means of tubes as usual, said
reservoir being supplied with water from any convenient source. As
the heating tubes of the boiler project into the midst of the fire chamber,

page_text: which moreover has access to all sides of the boiler, the water contained
therein will be very quickly heated. Instead of forming the boiler with
short closed tubes the latter may return and communicate at both ends
with the boiler, in which case they would be of curved form, the bent
part projecting into the midst of the fire chamber as before, the tubes
being arranged in a perpendicular or oblique direction.
According to another arrangement I make the boiler in the form of a
flat or it may be arched grating placed nearly horizontally across the
middle of the fire chamber. This tubular boiler is fixed in the stove, in
any suitable manner (preferably to a rectangular water space or back)
and communicates with the hot-water reservoir as described in reference
to the previous arrangement. The pipe for supplying hot water where
required is in either case connected to the hot-water reservoir in the
usual manner, but I prefer to carry the return pipe to the lower part of
the boiler in order that the water after circulating through the supply
pipes may be returned direct to the boiler instead of to the hot-water
tank on hitherto
Figure 1 is a front elevation of one arrangement of boiler with my
improvements applied; Figure 2 is a transverse section of same (its
position in a stove being indicated by the red outlines; and Figure 3 is
a back view of the boiler. A is a rectangular box or water space
provided with a number of short dome-shaped or taper tubes B, which
project from the front and back surfaces (and if desired the side surfaces
also) of box A, with the interior of which they communicate. In
the above-mentioned. Figures they are shown as applied to the back
surface only. The ends of these tubes are closed as shown, and the
tubes are kept filled with water by the box or back A which
communicates with the ordinary hot-water reservoir (not shown) by
the pipes A', said reservoir being supplied from the house cistern or other
source, all as usual. The tubes B are preferably screwed into the body A
of the boiler, being provided with a back nut for making a tight joint.
Instead of tubes B being connected at one end only to the back or
boiler A said tubes may be curved and connected so as to form a bent
tube open at both ends to the interior of the boiler A, as shown at C. The
bent tubes C may either be screwed into the back A separately and
coupled, as shown in Figure 1, cr may be of one single tube and welded

page_text: to boiler A. The tube or tubes C may either be disposed vertically or
in an oblique direction, as shown in red and black lines in Figure 3.
Moreover either the single straight tubes B or the bent tubes C alone
may be employed in connection with boiler A, on one or both of its
sides; or the same boiler A may be furnished with both descriptions
of tube, as shown in the Figures, which arrangement is preferable in
most cases. Boilers thus provided may be applied in any kind of stove,
open or close range or grate. The boiler is disposed vertically in the
fire space or chamber, or it may be placed in a slanting direction towards
the back of the stove, the bent tubes C, if such are employed, projecting
into the body of the fire with the whole of their surface directly exposed
to its action. The short tubes B keep the body A of the boiler at a
distance from the back of the stove, thus forming a flue or space in
which said tubes are exposed to the action of the heat, a portion of the
products of combustion passing up behind the boiler, between which
and the fire-bars a space is left for the purpose. Thus by the application
of tubes to the body A of the boiler the available heating surface is
greatly increased, while a constant circulation of water is maintained in
the tubes and body of the boiler as well as between the boiler and the
hot-water reservoir. In some cases the body of the boiler may be
extended along the sides of the stove, as shown in Figure 4, the tubes
B and C being applied as before. For heating conservatories I prefer
to employ a boiler A of hollow form (either rectangular or circular), as
shown in red lines in Figure 4, with short tubes B applied on the outer
surfaces, the space between which and sides of the stove form flues
for the passage of the products of combustion. Instead of a series of
tubes connected to all parts of the front surface of boiler À I may
employ a tubular grating E, Figures 5 and 6, placed entirely across the
fire chamber, which it thus divides into an upper and lower part. This
grating E is connected to the boiler A at two points almost but not
quite on the same level to allow of the water circulating freely through
the boiler which communicates with the hot-water reservoir as before.
The stove may be provided with two doors for the upper and lower parts,
fire being made both above and below the grating, the entire surface of
which is thus exposed to the heat and a rapid circulation and supply of
hot water ensured.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim

page_text: to the hollow fire back or boiler A alone, as such are in common use;
but what I do claim as my Invention to be protected by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The application to such boilers or fire backs of the water heating
tubes B and C of circular or other section, whether used separately or
in combination, substantially as shown and described.
2ndly. I claim the tubular grating E to be used either alone or in
combination with water heating tubes B and C and placed either
horizontally or obliquely across the middle of the fire chamber, sub-
stantially as shown and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Comyn Ching, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
COMYN CHING. (L.S.)