IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING THREAD OR YARNS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47. Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
WINDING THREAD OR YARNS."-A communication from Louis Joseph
Nicolas Carpentier...
Sealed the 12th September 1854, and dated the 80th June 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1854.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex. and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS
FOR WINDING THREAD OR YARNS," a communication from Louis Joseph Nicolas
Carpentier, a foreigner resident abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of mechanism for winding
or forming the skeins or hanks of silk, cotton, linen, or woolen yarns, and
consists in imparting a lateral reciprocating motion to the guides which conduct
the thread to the winder. By this means the banks are more evenly and
regularly wound, and are less liable to be entangled when re-wound on to
bobbins or reels, the threads crossing each other in the form of a figure 8.

page_text: This peculiar crossing of the threads is effected by the lateral reciprocating
motion of the thread guides, which motion is obtained from a cam with a
zig-zag groove in it. In winding some materials, the grooves gradually
diminish in the depth of angle from the centre of the cam, and then gradually
increase again, so that the to and fro motion of the thread guides will
gradually diminish as the winding proceeds, and the threads are thereby
prevented from overlapping each other. In all cases, however, the decreasing
traverse need not be employed, and the motion may then be obtained from a
crank or eccentric. The principle or main feature of this Invention consists
in the so winding of skeins or hanks of thread or yarn that the threads may
cross each other singly, in the form of a figure 8.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on tho
30th December 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING THREAD OR YARNS," a commu-
nication from Louis Joseph Nicolas Carpentier, a foreigner resident abroad,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
The said Invention relates to an improved arrangement of mechanism for
winding or forming the skeins or hanks of silk, cotton, linen, or woollen yarns,
and consists in imparting a lateral reciprocating motion to the guides which
conduct the thread to the winder. By this means the hanks are more evenly
and regularly wound, and are less liable to be entangled when re-wound on to
bobbins or reels, the threads crossing each other in the form of a figure 8.
This peculiar crossing of the threads is effected by the lateral reciprocating
motion of the thread guides, which motion is obtained from a cam with a
zig-zag groove in it. In winding some materials, the grooves gradually
diminish in the depth of angle from the centre of the cam, and then gradually
increase again, so that the to and fro motion of the thread guides will
gradually diminish as the winding proceeds, and the threads are thereby pre-
vented from overlapping each other. In all cases, however, the decreasing
traverse need not be employed, and the motion may then be obtained from a
crank or eccentric. The principle or main feature of this Invention consists in
the so winding of skeins or hanks of thread or yarn that the threads may
cross each other singly, in the form of a figure 8.
And in order that the said Invention may be more readily understood, I
shall now proceed to describe and refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of
Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of a double winder for silk, fitted with
the grooved traversing cam herein-before referred to; Figure 2 is a side
elevation of the same. Figure 3 represents in detail the double friction
roller of the lever which gives the reciprocating motion; and Figures 4 and 5
represent a crossed skein of thread.
This double winder is composed of the wooden standards A, with the cross
pieces B and the table C; the blades D (three to each winder) are made to
revolve round the axle E, to which they are connected by the arms d, d; two
of these arms d' are double, and are kept in their places by screws d", which
can be readily screwed and unscrewed to admit of the arms being shortened,
and thereby loosening the skein of thread, which may then be easily withdrawn.
A rotatory movement is given to either or both of the winders by means of the
winch handle c. This handle, which is fitted on to the shaftf of the pinion F,
gives motion thereto, and thereby communicates motion to the spur wheel G,

page_text: fast upon the shaft g. Upon this shaft are fitted the two sliding bosses h and h',
cast on the wheels H and H. These, wheels may be thrown into gear when
requisite with the spur wheels at I and I, which actuate the pinions J. and J¹,
placed upon the ends of the axis of the winders. When a thread breaks, it is.
necessary to stop one of the winders independantly of the other, in order to
turn it back to unite or piece the loose ends of the thread. This reverse
motion is obtained by means of the clutch levers i and i'.
In working one or other of these clutch levers, the sliding piece j is brought
nearer to or removed further from a hole 'made in the plate or boss j', fixed
upon the axis g, and consequently the wheel II becomes fixed on the shaft.
By this means it is easy to stop or put in motion one or other or both of the
winders at the same time, as it is through the wheels H and H' that motion
is transmitted to the winders.:
4
Upon the axle g is fixed the drum K, which gives a reciprocatory notion to
the distributing bars or frame a, by the aid of the cross bar L and lever M.
To effect this movement, the exterior circumference of the drum K has a
zig-zag groove or projection formed upon it; which gives motion to the lever
M by means of the friction rollers' 1, 1, (shewn in Figure 8,) which are fixed to
it. By this arrangement, the lever M, and with it' the horizontal bar L. is.
obliged to follow the motion of the zig-zag projection on the periphery of the
drum . The undulations k cause the friction rollers ?, 7, to pass alternately
over the higher and lower portions of the zig-zag, tliereby producing a recipro-.
catory motion, to the extent shown by the red lines in the Drawing.
It is necessary that the undulations should diminish in length in a very
slight degree, in proportion as they recede from the centre of the drum, in
order that the reciprocatory movement shall be gradually less and less, and
then gradually increasing again, by which means the threads of silk will not
be placed one above another, but wound singly, which forms one of the
characteristic points of this Invention. This differential movement is not
necessary for worsted and cotton thread or yarn; it is sufficient to adapt an
ordinary reciprocatory motion to the existing winders.
Figure 6 represents a front elevation of a winder furnished with the necessary
mechanism to produce the crossing in the skeins, and Figure 7 is a corre-
sponding plan of the same. It will be seen, on referring to these Figures, that
the winder itself is composed of the 6 blades n, n; its axle is fitted to work in
the brackets o; fixedi to the wooden standards O of the framework. This frame-
work also supports the table P, which carries the bobbins. The threads of
these bolibins pass through the small rings r; attached to the fixed cross bar R,
and through those at s, which are fixed to the moveable cross bar S. This

page_text: latter cross bar receives its reciprocatory motion from the bevil wheels t and u.
The wheel t is fitted on to the axle or shaft of the winder, and drives the
wheel u fast on one end of the small spindle T. On the other end of this
spindle is fixed the crank V, which works the moveable cross bar S, by the aid
of the short link or connecting rod .. This cross bar guides the thread first
to the right and then to the left, so as to produce the crossing herein-before
described. It will be obvious that this motion might be produced by various
other means, such as an eccentric, for example.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what
I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general construction and arrangement of machinery or apparatus
for winding thread or yarns, as herein-before described.
Second, the imparting of a reciprocatory movement, whether differential or
otherwise, to the thread guides, for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.B.)