Improved AppaRAT
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hazell Fraser, of Bromley-by-Bow, Middlesex,
Engineer, and Edward John Cowling Welch, of Palaco Chambers, St.
Stephen's, Westminster, Engineer, for an Invention of "Improved AppaRATUS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hazell Fraser and
Edward John Cowling Welch at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 15th July 1881.
JOHN HAZELL FRASER, of Bromley by Bow, Middlesex, Engineer, and EDWARD
JOHN COWLING WELCH, of Palace Chambers, St. Stephen's, Westminster,
Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS BY
STEAM."
Our Invention relates to the heating of water or other fluid by the introduction
of a jet of steam in a particular manner by means of a specially constructed
nozzle.
When an ordinary jet of steam is used for this purpose an objectionable noise is
caused by the continual formation of numberless globules of steam, which are as
suddenly condensed by the water or other fluid which surrounds them. In our
improved form of steam jet however this is entirely obviated by our causing a
current of the fluid which is to be heated to pass at a comparatively high velocity,
along and in free contact with the jet of issuing steam, the one surrounding the
other, by which the water thus derives its own motion; and the parts of the
apparatus are so proportioned that the steam is entirely condensed during
the period that the jet of water is constrained to pass along and in contact with it,
so that no part of the jet of steam reaches the body of the fluid beyond, which
fluid becomes heated by its passing and repassing continuously through the
apparatus, and mixing with that which has previously passed through. By this
ineans each particle of steam becomes condensed whilst moving along at a high
rate of velocity in direct contact or even combination with the fluid, to which it at

page_text: the same time imparts a high velocity. Thus it has no opportunity of collecting
into globules as it does when discharged direct into the fluid, and by this means
the noise is entirely obviated.
The apparatus itself consists first of a converging nozzle, so placed that its small
end partly enters the broad end of a second converging nozzle, having an annular
space between the two, through which either the steam or the fluid enters the second
nozzle, according as it is intended that the steam shall surround the fluid or the
fluid surround the jet of the steam. In either case however the fluid is impelled
along this second nozzle by the jet of steam, which in becoming condensed in its
passage imparts its heat to the accompanying fluid, which then issues forth at the
end of the jet heated and at a comparatively high velocity, thus keeping the body
of the fluid in motion, whether the apparatus be placed in a tank or reservoir, or
in one of the pipes of a hot water system. In this latter case it at the same time
both heats the water and causes it to circulate throughout the system.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Hazell Fraser and Edward John Cowling Welch in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 14th January 1882.
JOHN HAZELL FRASER, of Bromley by Bow, Middlesex, Engineer, and EDWARD
JOHN COWLING WELCH, of Palace Chambers, St. Stephen's, Westminster,
Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER OR OTHER FLUID BY
STEAM."
Our Invention relates to the heating of water or other fluid by the introduction
of a jet or jets of steam in a particular manner by means of a specially constructed
nozzle or nozzles.
When an ordinary jet of steam is used for this purpose an objectionable noise is
caused by the continual formation of numberless globules of steam, which are as
suddenly condensed by the water or other fluid which surrounds them. In our
improved form of steam jet however this is entirely obviated by our causing a
current of the fluid which is to be heated to pass at a comparatively high velocity
along and in free contact with the jet or jets of issuing steam, by which the
water thus derives its own motion; and the parts of the apparatus are so
proportioned that the steam is entirely condensed during the period that the jet of
water is constrained to pass along and in contact with it, so that no part of the jet
of steam reaches the body of the fluid beyond, which fluid becomes heated by its
passing and repassing continuously through the apparatus, and mixing with that
which has previously passed through. By this means each particle of steam
becomes condensed whilst moving along at a high rate of velocity in direct contact
or even combination with the fluid, to which it at the same time imparts a high
velocity. Thus it has no opportunity of collecting into globules as it does when
discharged direct into the fluid, and by this means the noise is entirely obviated.
One arrangement of the apparatus is shewn in Fig. 1, where a is the inlet for
the steam; b, the steam jet, which it has been found convenient to open out at the
mouth as shewn; c, c, the inlets for the water, which passes up the annular
space d, d, and combines with the steam at e, and passes out along the nozzle e, f,
at a velocity derived from the velocity of the steam itself through the jet b.
A second arrangement is shewn in Fig. 2, where a is the inlet for the steam,
which passes up. the bores n, n, to the annular orifice b, b. The water entering
at c, c, passes partly through c, c, to the centre d of the jet, and partly through
the annulus d, d. The jet of steam has thus an internal as well as an external
Bupply of water, which better enables the apparatus to be applied to high
temperatures.
In Fig. 3 an arrangement is shewn where an annular jet of steam is applied,
which surrounds the jet of water.
Fig. 4 shews a compound arrangement, in which the jet of steam issuing from b
combines with that of the water issuing through the annulus d, d, and forming a
second inducing jet at g, taking a second supply of water at h, h, and combining
with the same at i.
In Fig. 5 an arrangement is shewn where the jet of steam issues from one or
inore narrow slits or saw cuts, so as in as simple a manner as possible to cause the
steam to expose a large surface to the water.
Figs. 6 and 7 shew the application of the jet to a system of pipes. In Fig. 6 it is
shewn beating and circulating the water through a continuous run of piping,
and in Fig. 7 it is shewn discharging the combined steam through a central
pipe, from which it returns through the space between the two pipes, as indicated
by the arrows.

page_text: Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we would observe that what
we claim is,―
First. A combination of nozzles in which the water and steam are brought
together for the purposes and in the manner aforesaid, and substantially as
described.
Secondly. The combination of the aforesaid stean nozzle or nozzles, with a pipe
or system of pipes, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward John Cowling Welch, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord Eighteen hundred and eighty two.
E. J. COWLING WELCH. (L.S.)