Improvements in the Manufacture of India Rubber, and in Machinery and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 27th Feb., 189
Improvements in the Manufacture of India Rubber, and in
Machinery and Apparatus therefor.
We, WILLIAM JOHN CLAPP, of 26 York Place, in the Borough of Newport,
Monmouthshire, Surgeon, and FREDERICK STEPHEN DAUNCEY, of 1 Kensington
Place, Maindee, Newport aforesaid, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to manufacture india rubber in such a manner,
and mix and incorporate therewith such materials, that the same may be rendered
proof against the action of heat, steam, and other vapours, fluids and liquids.
According to our invention we masticate the raw rubber and dissolve the same
by any of the usual methods. We then add to the rubber, while in solution,
from 2 to 10 per cent. or any other suitable quantity, as may be required, of silicate,
slag wool, silicate cotton, Bessemer basic or other suitable slag, mica, platinum,
alum, borax, pitch, tar, petroleum, or like materials, previously prepared by
suitable treatment for the purposes herein described. One, two, or more of these
substances is or are well mixed and incorporated with the rubber. The mass is
then raised to a suitable temperature according to the purpose for which the
manufactured goods are to be applied, such as brattice cloth, belting, valves and
washers, boot soles and heels, electric insulators, and otherwise.
We construct a furnace for the purpose atoresaid, of the reverberatory or
egenerative type for the purpose of eliminating injurious ingredients contained in
the silicate, Bessemer basic, or other similar slags, the furnace being built of fire
brick and clay with an arched top and flat bottom, a bridge at the outer end, a
door at the side, stack and dampers at the end, belted with iron at the top and
round the sides, the fire underneath the outer portion of the furnace. Also with
funnel shaped hoppers or jiggers, having tubular connections with the nozzle or
tuyere portion flattened so as to carry finely pulverised lime or other chemicals as
a spray into the interior of the furnace by either a blast of air or superheated
steam. The number of these hoppers or jiggers with tubular connections and
flattened nozzles or tuyeres will depend on the size of the furnace. The various
kinds of slag are pulverised previously to being put into the furnace, and when
they have become sufficiently heated are constantly worked with a rabble.
refuse gas lime may be mixed with the slags, then pulverised after the gas lime
has been heated in the same manner as the slags in the furnace. The rubber or
similar materials or substances are masticated or dissolved in a mixing chamber of
boiler or crucible form with a cover to the pan having an opening in the centre for
the stirrer or mixer, rotated by any suitable motive power, so that the rubber or
other similar materials or substances are in a fit state to receive the slags, etc.,
which may be placed in a hopper or jigger and taken into the mixing chamber,
where by means of the stirrer they become thoroughly amalgamated for the
purposes required, having slag wool, silicate cotton, mica, platinum, alum, borax
and the like mixed at the first operation or afterwards. This analgam can be
made of any hardness, and manufactured into any kind of goods or articles, and
into the various kinds of tubing, brattice cloth, and other sorts of cloth, belting,
Also

page_text: valves and wasbers, electric insulators, boots and shoes, soles and heels, and
otherwise, also for a covering to wire gauze netting, and materials used in belting.
The usual plant can be adopted to a large extent for this process.
Dated this 28th day of March 1896.
WM.
JORDAN,
120 (hancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Manufacture of India Rubber, and in
Machinery and Apparatus therefor.
We, WILLIAM JOHN CLAPP, of 26 York Place, in the Borough of Newport,
Monmouthshire, Surgeon, and FREDERICK STEPHEN DAUNCEY, of 1 Kensington
Place, Maindee, Newport aforesaid, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of our invention is to manufacture india rubber in such a manner and
mix and incorporate therewith such materials that the same may be rendered proof
against the action of heat, steam, and other vapours, fluids and liquids.
According to our invention we masticate the raw rubber and dissolve the same
by any of the usual methods. We then add to the rubber, while in solution, from
2 to 10 per cent., or any other suitable quantity, as may be required, of silicate,
slag wool or silicate cotton, Bessemer, basic or other suitable slag, mica, platinum,
alum, borax, pitch, tar, petroleum, or like materials, previously prepared by suitable
treatment for the purposes herein described. One, two, or more of these substances
is or are well mixed and incorporated with the rubber. The mass is then raised
to a suitable temperature, according to the purpose for which the manufactured
goods are to be applied, such as brattice cloth, belting, valves and washers, boot
soles and heels, electric insulators, and otherwise.
We construct a furnace for the purpose aforesaid, of the reverberatory or
regenerative type for the purpose of eliminating injurious ingredients contained in
the silicate, Bessemer, basic, or other similar slags, the furnace being built of
firebrick and clay, with an arched top and flat bottom, a bridge at the outer end,
a door at the side, stack and damper at the end, belted with iron at the top and
round the sides; the fire underneath the outer portion of the furnace. Also with
funnel-shaped hoppers or jiggers, having tubular connections with the nozzle or
tuyere portion flattened so as to carry finely pulverised lime or other chemicals as
a spray into the interior of the furnace by either a blast of air or superheated
steam. The number of these hoppers or jiggers with tubular connections and
flattened nozzles or tuyeres will depend on the size of the furnace. The various
kinds of slag are pulverised previously to being put into the furnace and when
they have become sufficiently heated are constantly worked with a rabble. Also
refuse gas lime may be mixed with the slags, then pulverised after the gas lime
has been heated, in the same manner as the slags in the furnace. The rubber or
similar materials or substances are masticated or dissolved in a mixing chamber of
boiler or crucible form with a cover to the pan having an opening in the centre
for the stirrer or mixer rotated by any suitable motive power, so that the rubber
or other similar materials or substances are in a fit state to receive the slags &c.,
which may be placed in a hopper or jigger and taken into the mixing chamber,
where, by means of the stirrer, they become thoroughly amalgamated for the
purposes required, having slag wool, silicate cotton, mica, platinum, alum, borax,
and the like mixed at the first operation or afterwards. This amalgam cau be

page_text: made of any hardness and manufactured into any kind of goods or articles, and
into the various kinds of tubing. brattice cloth, and other kinds of cloths, valves
and washers, electric insulators, boots and shoes, soles and heels, and otherwise,
also for a covering to wire gauze netting, and materials used in belting. The usual
plant can be adopted to a large extent for this process.
And in order that our said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation illustrating the application of a reverberatory
furnace to our invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the crucible or boiler, in which the ingredients
are mixed.
We construct a furnace for the purpose aforesaid of either the reverberatory or
regenerative type, that shown in Fig. 1 being of the reverberatory type. This
furnace is built of the best firebricks and fireclay, which must be prepared in the
following manner: The clay is rendered workable in the usual manner, the water
being impregnated with a large percentage of burnt alum and borax, and the bricks
to be soaked in water similarly impregnated with alum and borax previous to use,
so as to make the furnace capable of retaining its heat, as required for this process.
The top a is arched and the bottom flat. A bridge b at the furnace end, and
another bridge c at the chimney stack end are formed. A door d is fitted in the middle
of the furnace operated by a pulley chain e or other means. The usual dampers
are fitted at the stack end. fis the firegrate. Other methods of heating may be
used. From the arch g over the furnace heated gases are carried to the apparatus
shown in Fig. 2. hh and ii are tuyeres having flattened nozzles, passing into the
interior of the furnace as shewn, for the purpose of carrying (when required) any
of the before mentioned materials, substances, or chemicals with superheated steam,
which will aid in preparing the Bessemer, basic, slags or gaslime in the process of
eliminating all the injurious properties of the slags and lime before using. The
exterior of the furnace is belted around its sides and cased with iron, and its arched
top has strong supports of iron bolted to the upper sides. The flattened tuyeres h h
and i communicate with funnel shape hoppers or jiggers having a tubular
nozzle m to the upper portion, the nozzle at the lower extremity or furnace end
being flattened, so that a spray of any of the impalpable pulverised lime, chemicals
or other materials or substances may be taken into the interior of the furnaces in
the form of spray by a blast of air or highly superheated steam for eliminating all
the injurious properties from the various kind of slags, lime or other materials or
substances used which have been finely pulverised and placed in the furnace and
sufficiently heated. These are constantly worked with a rabble through the
furnace door d. The slags are operated upon by themselves or with a certain
portion of gaslime, or separately, but either must be first pulverised. The interior
of this furnace is glazed by the following process. A combination of burnt alum,
borax and salt is made into a strong solution and the interior is coated over there-
with. When thoroughly heated the same will be glazed. A number of regulating
dampers are fitted, and superheated steam is taken through the flattened nozzles of
the tuyeres not only into the furnace but also beyond the bridge c separating the
furnace chamber from the stack, to prevent the return of all the fumes or gases
into the interior of the furnace chamber, thereby assisting the eliminating process
and effectually rendering it fit for use. The aforesaid slags, refuse, gaslime or
other substances and materials so treated, and freed from phosphorus and sulphur
or other injurious substances, are then ready, after being well pulverised in an
impalpable pulveriser, or a paint or other mill used in preparing colour and other
materials. The rubber or caoutchouc or other similar materials or substances as
aforesaid are then masticated with pitch, tar and petroleum, dissolved with the
caoutchouc or separately, or gum copal dissolved in methylated ether may be used
with the amalgam, if required, this part of the process is completed in ordinary
mixing chambers. It then becomes necessary to employ a crucible or boiler

page_text: constructed as shewn in Fig. 2, which acts as a mixing chamber for the various
pulverised slags, gaslime or other materials or substances and slag wool, having
combined therewith burnt alum, borax, pulverised mica, platinum or any other
chemicals, materials or substances. This boiler, crucible, or mixing chamber
consists of two parts, an outer strong metal semi-circular or semi-globular shaped
boiler n, built in brick work with a stack o and firegrate or heating apparatus p
underneath. In this boiler is fitted an inner or mixing chamber r, a chambers for
water, between the inner and outer vessels is provided and made water-tight,
having a water supply tap t and a discharge tap u. Also, a hopper for conveying
to the inner mixing chamber the various slags gaslime, materials and chemicals,
the mixing chamber being fitted with stirrers or mixing blades to worked by steam
or other power. The pipe m carries highly superheated steam through the hopper
into the inner chamber r, and all the above enumerated materials substances or
chemicals required either separately or in combination. This steam also heats the
interior of the chamber in conjunction with the firegrate or similar heating
apparatus. This becomes necessary as the prepared slags, silicate cotton, or other
materials must not be placed in a furnace as they would be likely to take up all
that has been already eliminated. When sufficiently heated in this manner they
are ready to be amalgamated in suitable proportions with the rubber or caoutchouc
or similar materials or substances, or in conjunction with pitch, tar, and petroleum
dissolved with the same, and with methylated gum copal or ether solution. The
mixing chamber has a movable cover a through which the spindle of the rotary
mixer passes.
When the rubber or caoutchouc has been amalgamated with any of
the above mentioned materials and substances it is capable of withstanding the
effects of steam, heat or other vapours, as well as being a non-conductor for
electricity, and invaluable for brattice and other cloths, belting, valves, washers,
tubings, electric and other insulators, boots, shoes, soles and heels, and other goods
or articles, by the hardening nature of the various constituents used in this process,
containing the slag wool or silicate cotton, mica, platinum, alum, borax and
Bessemer basic slag, not only for rubber or caoutchouc but combined with similar
substances as described, will be found valuable for tyres of every kind, on account
of its hardness and general resisting power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our suid
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The improvements in the manufacture of india rubber, and in machinery or
apparatus therefor, substantially as and for the purposes described.
2. In the manufacture of india rubber and the like, the combination of a
reverberatory or a regenerative furnace and a mixing chamber, constructed,
arranged, and operating substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. In the manufacture of india rubber and the like, the application and use of
the several mixtures therewith, and the treatment of such materials, and the
application of the resultant productions to and for the several purposes substan-
tially as herein before described.
Dated 28th December 1806
WM. JORDAN,
120 Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicants.