IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING.
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Harvey Sadler, of Lady Pitt Lane, Hunslet,
Leeds, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING.".
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Harvey Sadler ät
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1855.
I, JOHN HARVEY SADLER, of Lady Pitt Lane, Hunslet, Leeds, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the construction and arrangement of the
driving parts of power looms, by which the treading motions are accomplished
and arrested for a time whilst the shuttle passes through the shed. For this
purpose a pinion is fixed on the crank axis, having teeth on a portion only of
its circumference.
The teeth of the pinion take into and drive another toothed wheel, having
teeth at one or more intervals only, and not all around its circumference, by
which arrangement the wheel will receive a partial revolution from the pinion
which is on the crank axis, and then-rest- or remain stationary until by the
revolution of the crank-axis the teeth of the pinion act again on the teeth of

page_text: the wheel. The number of toothed segments on the circumference of the
wheel will depend on the number, of treads required in each revolution of the
cam or tappet shaft.
Another of my improvements in looms consists in the mode of giving motion
to the pickers. At each end of the crank shaft a toothed pinion is fixed,
which gives motion to other toothed wheels, on the axis of which cams are
fixed, which alternately act on levers, which levers are connected to other
levers, drawn together by a spring and connected to the pickers, so that, when
a projection on one of the levers drops from a rise on the cam, the spring
acts to give a sudden impulse to the lever and picker with which it is connected.
The take-up and let-off motions are connected to the picking motions by
a lever and ratchet motion on an axis at one end of the loom. The lever
(which is loose on the axis) is connected to one of the picking levers, and to a
spring, which acts to pull it back when lifted by the picking lever. On the
axis is fixed a ratchet wheel, which receives motion from a driven on the lever
as it is drawn back by the spring, which thus gives motion to the axis, on one
end of which is fixed a worm, which drives a worm wheel fixed on the axis of
the cloth beam; the other end of the axis on which the lever and ratchet
works has a bevil wheel, which takes into and drives a bevil pinion on an
upright shaft, supported by a suspended bar. The upright axis has a friction
roller on it (capable of adjustment), which is pressed against the surface of a
face plate, and thus gives motion thereto. The axis of the face plate carries
a four-threaded screw or worm, which takes into and drives a worm wheel fixed
on the end of the warp beam. There is a lever connected at one end to the
swinging bar, the other end having adjustable rollers, which are pressed against
the surface of the warp on the beam, by which the position of the friction
roller will be changed on the face plate to accelerate the let-off motion as the
warp wound on the beam decreases in diameter. The stopping of the loom is
accomplished by causing an arm carried by a rocking lever to be inserted
under a catch wheel fixed on the crank axis; the other end of the rocking
lever has an arm connected to a break which is pressed against the surface of
the fly wheel. The rocking lever and parts connected therewith are actuated
by a link, which is connected by a bell-crank lever to a stop rod in front of the
loom. The link which actuates the stop and break apparatus is also connected
with the stop motion for stopping the loom when the shuttle remains in the
shed or fails to be thrown across, and also with the weft stop motion, which
'consists of balanced levers on a rod in front of the lay, together with forked
arms and grids, which detect the absence of weft (when such is the case).
When the beat-up takes place, then a catch' on the rod; being acted upon by a

page_text: projection on the under side of the lay, gives motion to the link, which places,
the arm under a catch of the catch wheel, which causes.the break to be pressed:
against the fly wheel.
Another improvement is in the construction of a, continuous self-acting,
temple. On the breast beam near each selvage there are two slotted bars or;
plates, capable of rotating on a fixed stud or axis; the four ends of these bars:
.carry friction rollers and curved plates set with pin points. The curved plates;
are connected by links, which are also set with pin points. The friction rollers
in their revolution with the bars come in contact with a fixed cam or governing,
surface, which causes the slotted bars to assume different positions on the fixed
stud, and thus govern the action of. the pointed surface on the, selvage of the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed,
by the said John Harvey Sadler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th December 1855...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,' JoiiN
HARVEY SADLER, of Lady Pitt Lane, Hunslet, Leeds, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five,' in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me; the said
John Harvey Sadler, Her special licence that I; the said John Harvey Sadler,
niy executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Harvey Sadler; my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Harvey Sadler, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Harvey Sadler, do hereby declaré
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists, first, in the construction and arrangement of the
driving parts of power looms, by which the treading motions are accomplished
and arrested for a time whilst the shuttle passes through the shed. For this
purpose a pinion is fixed on the crank axis, having teeth on a portion only of
its circumference. The teeth of the pinion take into and drive another toothed
wheel, having teeth at one or more intervals only, and not all around its cir-
cumference, by which arrangement the wheel will receive a partial revolution
from the pinion which is on the crank axis, and then rest or remain stationary
until by the revolution of the crank axis the teeth of the pinion act again on
the teeth of the wheel. The number of toothed segments on the circum-
ference of the wheel will depend on the number of treads required in each
revolution of the cam or tappet shaft.
Another of my improvements in looms consists in the mode of giving motion
to the pickers. At each end of the crank shaft a toothed pinion is fixed,
which gives motion to other toothed wheels, on the axis of which cams are
fixed, which alternately act on levers, which levers are connected to other
levers drawn together by a spring, and connected to the pickers, so that when
a projection or one of the levers drops from a rise on the cam, the spring acts
to give a sudden impulse to the lever and picker with which it is connected.
The take-up and let-off motions are connected to the picking motions by a
lever and ratchet motion on an axis at one end of the loom. The lever (which
is loose on the axis) is connected to one of the picking levers and to a spring,
which acts to pull it back when lifted by the picking lever. On the axis is
fixed a ratchet wheel, which receives motion from a driver on the lever as it is
drawn back by the spring, which thus gives motion-to the-axis, on. one end of
which is fixed a worm, which drives a worm wheel fixed on the axis of the cloth
beam. The other end of the axis on which the lever and ratchet works has
a hevil wheel, which takes into and drives a bevil pinion on an upright shaft
supported by a suspended bar. The upright axis has a friction roller on it
(capable of adjustment), which is pressed against the surface of a face plate,
and thus gives motion thereto. The axis of the face plate carries a four-
threaded screw or worm, which takes into and. drives a worm wheel fixed on
the end of the warp beam. There is a lever connected at one end, to the
swinging bar, the other end having adjustable rollers which are pressed against
the surface of the warp on the beam, by which the position of the friction
roller will be changed on the face plate to accelerate the let-off motion as the
warp wound on the beam decreases in diameter. The stopping of the loom

page_text: is accomplished by causing an arm carried by a rocking lever to be inserted
under a catch wheel fixed on the crank axis; the other end of the rocking
lever has an arm connected to a break, which is pressed against the surface of
the fly wheel. The rocking lever and parts connected therewith are actuated
by a link, which is connected by a bell-crank lever to a stop rod in front of
the loom; the link which actuates the stop and break apparatus is also con-
nected with the stop motion for stopping the loom when the shuttle remains in
the shed or fails to be thrown across, and also with the weft stop motion, which
consists of balanced levers on a rod in front of the lay, together with forked
arms and grids, which detect the absence of weft (when such is the case).
When the beat-up takes place, then a catch on the rod, being acted upon by a
projection on the under side of the lay, gives motion to the link, which places
the arm under a catch of the catch wheel, which causes the break to be
pressed against the fly wheel.
The curved plates
Another improvement is in the construction of a continuous self-acting
temple. On the breast beam near each selvage there are two slotted bars or
plates capable of rotating on a fixed stud or axis; the four ends of these bars
carry friction rollers and curved plates set with pin points.
are connected by links which are also set with pin points.
in their revolution with the bars come in contact with a fixed cam or govern-
ing surface, which causes the slotted bars to assume different positions on the
fixed stud, and thus govern the action of the pointed surface on the selvage.
of the cloth.
The friction rollers
The first part of my Invention relates to the application of what I call rest
wheels to the driving apparatus of power looms, by which the treading motions.
are accomplished and arrested during the passage of the shuttle through the
shed. And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood, I will
proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Drawing A, shows a transverse section, Figure 2 is a left-hand
end view, Figure 3 a right-hand end view, and Figure 4 a front view, of a
loom having my improvements applied thereto; Figures 5 and 6 show sepa-
rate views of the batten and parts connected therewith. The arrangement of
the crank or driving shaft with the fast and loose pullies, the batten or lay with
the stop rod, swells, shuttle box, &c., being common to most power looms, no
further description thereof will be necessary. The treading motions for opening
the sheds in the warps are accomplished by a new description of wheels and
pinions (shown separately, full size, by Figures No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3,) which,

page_text: from the nature of, their action, I.call rest wheels:
No. 1 shows a one-rest
wheel, No. 2a two-rest wheel, and No. 3 a three-rest wheel; and so on for
every number of rests that may be required for weaving the various tweels or
patterns in different-places. For. weaving linen, and those fabrics where the
crossed shed is required (that is to say to have the full tread. accomplished
when the beat-up takes pláce),. I employ a three-rest wheel and pinion, as
shewn by. No. 3 (drawn full size): A pinion is fixed upon the crank shaft, as
seen at A (Figure 1), which at, each revolution of the crank axis moves the
rest wheel B, Figure I, one-third of a revolution, and by the two mitre bevil
wheels C, C, (Figure 1,) gives motion to the upright shaft D (Figure 1) in
proportion. Near the bottom of the shaft D. is fixed another bevil wheel E
(Figure 1), say, of thirty teeth, working into another bevil wheel F of forty,
teeth, fixed upon. the cam or tappet shaft; by this arrangement it will be seen,
that although the rest wheel B moves one-third, of a revolution, the cams or
tappets G move only one-fourth of a revolution for each revolution of the crank
shaft, and being so formed they alternately depress the levers or treadles, H, H,
(Figures 1 and 4,) and thus open the sheds.
I will now describe the picking motion. I, I, Figure 2, are two toothed.
pinións, having an equal number of teeth. The wheels I, I, are fixed upon the
crank shaft at each side of the loom, and work into two larger wheels J, J;
(Figures 2 and 3;) having double the 'number of teeth, so that the crank
shaft revolves twice to one. revolution of the wheels J, J. Upon each wheel
J, J, is fixed a cam K, K, (Figures 2 and 3,) so formed that they alter-
nately raise and let fall the levers-L, L, (Figures 2 and 3,) and these levers
being connected to the picking levers M, M, (Figures 1; 2, 3, and 4, and.
the levers. MM, being connected by the steel wire or other spring N
(Figure 4), causes this spring to be successively charged and let go, and so
by its power, added to the weight of the connecting rods-Land levers L, L,
the necessary force is given for driving the shuttle to and fro through the
open shed.
..
I will now describe the niotion for taking up the cloth as it is woven, and
simultaneously letting off the warp as required. Motion is given to the shaft O
(Figures 2 and 4) by a lever and ratchet P. The arm of this lever is connected
by a string or otherwise to the lever L, which rests on the picking cam K, and
by it the arm of the ratchet lever is drawn up, and the catch on the lever takes
one or more teeth-of the ratchet wheel fixed on the axis O, and when released,
the lever P is drawn back by a spring or weight Q, the click or catch on the
lever acting to drive the ratchet fixed on the shaft O (Figure 2.) and thus the
shaft O is turned round as far as necessary, and by the worm R, R, (Figures 1

page_text: and 2, fixed at one end of the axis o,) working into the worm-wheel S, S,
(Figures 1 and 2,) fixed on the end of the cloth beam, the cloth is thus taken
up as woven. At the other end of the axis O a mitre bevil wheel T (Figure 2).
gives motion to another mitre bevil wheel T', which slides on a feather, and
gives motion to the upright shaft U, upon which is fixed a friction roller V,
capable of adjustment on the axis U, which roller actuates a face plate W,
fixed on the shaft or axis X, upon which is fixed a quadruple or four-threaded
worm X, which drives the worm wheel Y, fixed on the end of the warp
beam Z(Figures 2 and 3). It follows that whenever the shaft O is turned, so
in proportion will the cloth be taken up and the warp let off; and I will now
describe how this motion can be regulated to suit various kinds of fabrics. The
friction roller V can be screwed higher or lower upon the upright shaft U, and
fastened by set nuts. The shaft U is supported in a frame a (Figure 2);
which is jointed to and rests upon a lever b, which is suspended at one end by
a link c, jointed to a stud d fixed upon the side-frame; upon this stud is fixed
a thin steel spring e, which, when screwed up more or less, insures tlie necessary
pressure to the action of the friction roller V upon the face plate W, and the
regular letting off of the warp from the warp beam. The other end of the
hanging lever b. is connected in like manner by a link to a lever f (Figures 1, 2,
and 4,) fixed angularly to it, and so that one arm of the lever f stands exactly
underneath the centre. of the warp beam, and carries two rollers in a frame.g; gI;
(Figures 1 and 4) thereon, which frame is made so as to slide along the arm of
the lever f, and is made fast by a set screw h, h; consequently, as the weight
hanging upon this lever will..keep the rollers in contact with the warp on the
warp beam as it lessens in circumference, and so in proportion cause the
friction.roller V to approach the centre of the face plate W, by which it will
be seen that the action upon the face,plate W will be quicker, or slower as the
frame grand rollers are placed nearer or farther from the fulcrum of the lever f,
and that the letting off of coarse or fine warps may be thus regulated, and the
cloth woven to the greatest nicety.
I will now describe the stopping motion, which is shewn by Figures 3 and 4.
i, i is a fly wheel, fixed upon the driving shaft, and next to it is fixed a catch
wheel' k, k, cast with four. teeth or. projections upon it; l, m, are two arms, con-
nected to and supported by..a lever n, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The arm m
is attached to a lever o, which represents a segment of the circumference of
the rim of the fly wheel i, i, and is supported exactly underneath it. The arm
is held in position by a connecting link p, which is jointed to a bell crank
lever 9, 9, (Figures 3, 4,. and 5,) connected to and acted upon by a rod r, r,
supported across the front of the loom near the breast beam: It will be seen

page_text: that when the rod r is moved one way, the connecting link p will push the
arm under one of the projections upon the catch wheel k, which will instantly
lower the arm 7, and at the same time raise the arm m, and cause the lever
segment o to be pressed against the rim of the fly wheel i; and the fork lever's
(Figure 4), being connected to the connecting link p, moves at the same time
the driving strap from the fast pulley t to the loose pulley u, and will thus stop
the loom. To prevent injury to the warp, if the shuttle is not thrown home
or stops in the shed, the usual stop on the stop rod in that case being down,
will strike upon a lever (Figure 3), which will move the connecting link p,"
and push the end of the arm under one of the projections on the catch wheel k,
and thus stop the loom instantaneously, as before described. For the purpose
of stopping the loom when the weft breaks or the end is, off the bobbin,
a shaft w, w, (see Figures 5 and 6,) is supported across the loom in front of
and rather lower than the bottom of the lay; one end of the shaft w rests in
a bearing, which allows the other end of the shaft to vibrate to and fro. The:
shaft w is attached to the connecting link p, and there are two lever arms
like forks a, a, fixed one at each side near the reed or 'slay, and fixed so
as the forks shall pass through openings made in the lay for that purpose.
At the end near the connecting link p is an arm y (Figure 6), with a
catch on its under side at one end, and fixed so as to pass freely through
a staple, fastened to the under side of the lay. y' is an arm, with a weight
made to slide upon it, and screwed fast, in order to balance the forks, and
catch on the shaft w, w, with the greatest nicety, and the weaving will go on
until the weft breaks or the end comes off the bobbin; then the forks x, x,
having no thread to resist them, will fall, and cause the catch y to hold on
the staple, and as the lay goes back draw the shaft w, w, forward, and the
connecting link -p-along with it, and so push the arm 1 (Figure 3) under one
of the projections on the catch wheel k, and thus stop the loom instantly, as
before described.
I will now describe my improved continuous moving temple, shown at
Figure 7, by which the cloth is kept at a proper stretch; the two parts 1, 1,
slide across each other, and are set with pins or teeth, as shewn; the links
2, 2, 2, 2, connected to and carried by the parts 1, 1, are also set with similar
pins or teeth; therefore, as fast as the cloth is woven and taken up, these
temples, which are placed one on each side, are drawn round, and the small
rollers 3, 3, 3, 3, upon the crossed parts 1, 1, alternately enter the curved
incline 4, and are thus gradually pushed forwards and take hold of the selvages
of the cloth as they approach the full stretch required.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 show the arrangement I prefer for constructing looms

page_text: for weaving very wide and heavy goods, such as carpetings and the sails
of ships, in one web without a seam. 5 are the end frames, and 6 are the
internal frames (Figures 8, 9, and 10), placed at intervals of three or four
yards, and connected together by framework, &c., so that a loom may consist
of several divisions; these inner frames are so constructed to allow free play to
the healds throughout the whole width of the widest loom, and both the
warp and cloth beams are made in length to suit the width of each division,
and by the joints 7, 7, and 8, 8, upon each (Figures 11 and 12), shewn by
the Drawing, when opened and closed, that they can be made to act as
whole beams for one or a number of divisions. The cloth beams when
closed together form one entire beam, that the widest cloth woven may be
taken up upon it, and it is supported and moves upon rollers 8*, 8x, fixed upon
each internal frame for that purpose (see Figures 9 and 10). The crank or
driving shaft is likewise made in lengths to suit each division, and when con-
nected together is the only shaft that extends throughout the whole several
divisions, and at each division acts to work the treadles, and by the bent con-
necting rods A', Figure 9, drives the lay or batten. The wide looms are
driven fast and loose pulleys 9, 9, (Figure 8,) fixed on a small shaft 10,
having a bevil pinion 11 with ten teeth, more or less, working a bevil wheel 12
with forty teeth, more or less; attached to this wheel 12 and moving with it is
a half-toothed wheel 13 (Figure 13), which represent a pair of my one-rest
wheels, half size, the one-rest wheel 14 (Figure 8) fixed upon the end of the
crank shaft. The half-tooth wheel 13 has just the number of teeth required
to turn the crank shaft one revolution, which is then held on the rest during
the moving of the other blank half; consequently the operation of the loom will
go on with proper speed until the shuttle is thrown, then it will stand perfectly
still whilst it has passed through the shed, and thus the difficulty of weaving
webs of extraordinary widths is overcome.
The treading motion is the same as before given in Figure 1, except that I
use a four-rest wheel and pinion 15. The picking motion is in every respect
the same as for narrower looms, described by Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, and so also
is the cloth taking-up and warp letting-off' motions, with a little variation to
place it out of the way of other parts in the loom. The wide looms are stopped
and set going by moving the driving strap off or on from the fast and loose
pullies 9. 9, Figure 8; and this is effected by the fork lever 16 and a con-
necting link 17 connected to it, and a bell-crank lever 18, which is moved
one way or other by a rod supported in front of the loom, which enables the
workman to stop the loom instantly whilst standing at any part in front of
the loom.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would. have it understood that I lay no claim to any of
the well-known mechanical parts of a loom'separately, nor do I confine myself
to the precise details herein shown and described; but what I claim is, the
means of combining parts of looms for weaving as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Harvey Sadler; have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this. Eleventh day of December, in 'the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
JOHN H. SADLER. (L.s.)