Year: 1885

page_text: I JOHN GARDINER PENN of 126 Britannia Buildings Cardiff Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
At the present time blocks of compound fuel are commonly manufactured by
the admixture of small coal with coal-tar pitch and by the compression of such
mixture into blocks of the size required.
According to my invention I use in the manufacture of such compound fuel in
place of coal-tar pitch the following viz-paraffin pitch preferably from the
distillation of bituminous shale, cannel, shale or rock oil, petroleum or ozokerit.
A fuel formed of this product manufactured into compound blocks is far superior
in quality to compound fuel as hitherto made both as having greater heating
properties for either steam generating when manufactured with steam coal-or for
household purposes when manufactored with either steam or other coals-or for gas
producing purposes for increasing the production of gas and illuminating powers
when manufactured with gas coals-further as having superior properties for burning
both as having greater lasting power and as regards reduction in quantity of
smoke and also smell, and less waste in burning through more perfect carbonization
and again producing superior quality of gas coke.
The compound fuel also increases the production of gas and improves its
illuminating power when manufactured with either good or inferior quality of
gas coals.
The oil obtained in the distillation of bituminous shale, cannel, shale or rock oil,
crude petroleum, creosote or residuum in distillation of petroleum or ozokerit
(in the manufacture of paraffin) or other illuminating oils may also be added to
the compound fuel in the course of its manufacture to improve it for use in the
manufacture of gas as likewise for steam generating purposes according to the
nature of coal used.
With compound fuel manufactured as herein before described the combustion of
the fuel when burnt on the bars of the grate or furnace is more perfect than with
other compound fuel as the loss of coal which falls through the bars of a grate or
furnace when stirred is prevented as the action of stirring will not cause the
blocks to fall all to pieces, as is the case with compound fuel formed with coal tar
pitch the amount of smoke and smell produced is very considerably diminished-
thus a house or steam fuel practically smokeless and smell-less according to the
nature of coal used is obtained, and one from which there is less residue (i.e. ashes
when burnt) and again can be manufactured of fine or granulated material as
desirable-according to the fuel to be manufactured.
Dated this 16th do of NATOmbo- 100K

page_text: '
I JOHN GARDINER PENN of 126 Britannia Buildings Cardiff Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
..
At the present time blocks of compound fuel are commonly manufactured by
the admixture of small coal with coal tar, pitch or shale oil pitch and by the
compression of such mixture into blocks of the size required.
According to my invention I use in the manufacture of such compound fuel in
place of coal tar pitch or shale oil pitch the following, viz-paraffin pitch preferably
from the distillation of bituminous shale, cannel, shale or rock oil, petroleum or
ozokerit.
:
By paraffin pitch I mean the pitch obtained from and at a final stage of dis-
tillation of rock oil or crude petroleum or other such like material by which
paraffin solid dense or liquid is produced at which stage the pitchy matter is
extracted which is the paraffin pitch used by me.
Its quality is so regulated that it retains sufficient illuminating and gas producing
properties as likewise adhesive properties-to form the blocks when compressed.
into a solid mass.
The admixture of the paraffin pitch with the small coal I preferably effect by
apparatus such as is described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Samuel
.Butler dated the 12th April 1884 N° 6313.
The proportions in which the paraffin pitch and small coal are admixed may be
considerably varied-according to the quality of coal used but usually 7 to 10 per
cent of paraffin pitch will make a solid fuel.
A fuel formed of this product manufactured into compound blocks-is far
superior in quality to compound fuel as hitherto made both as having greater
beating properties, for either steam generating when manufactured with steam coal,
or for household purposes when manufactured with either steam or other coals-or
for gas producing purposes for increasing the production of gas and illuminating
powers when manufactured with gas coals-further as having superior properties
for burning both as having greater lasting power and as regards reduction in
quantity of smoke and also smell, and less waste in burning through more perfect
carbonization and again producing superior quality of gas coke.
The compound fuel also increases the production of gas and improves its
illuminating power when manufactured. with either good or inferior quality of
gas coals.
The oil obtained in the distillation of bituminous shale, cannel, shale or rock oil,
crude petroleum, creosote or residuum, in distillation of petroleum or ozokerit
(in the manufacture of paraffin) or other illuminating oils may also be added to
the compound fuel in the course of its manufacture to improve it for use in the
manufacture of gas as likewise for steam generating purposes according to the
nature of coal used.

page_text: The proportions in which the paraffin pitch and oil are admixed with the small
coal may be considerably varied, generally I use from 7 to 10 per cent of the
former and from 4 to 8 per cent of the latter.
With compound fuel manufactured as herein before described the combustion of
the fuel when burnt on the bars of the grate or furnace is more perfect than with.
other compound fuel as the loss of coal which falls through the bars of a grate or
furnace when stirred is prevented as the action of stirring will not cause the blocks
to fall all to pieces, as is the case with compound fuel formed with coal tar pitch-
the amount of smoke and smell produced is very considerably diminished-thus a
house or steam fuel practically smokeless and smelless according to the nature of
coal used is obtained, and one from which there is less residue (i,e, ashes when
burnt) and again can be manufactured of fine or granulated material as desirable-
according to the fuel to be manufactured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The manufacture of compound fuel by the admixture of paraffin pitch with
or without oil with small coal or other carbonaceous material substantially as
described.
2. The manufacture of blocks of compound fuel to be used in the manufacture
of illuminating gas by the admixture of paraffin pitch with or without oil with
small gas coal or other carbonaceous materials substantially as described.