Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 31st May, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 1st July, 1887.

page_text: Figure 20 shews it after having been compressed, and Figure 21 shews the finished
balance wheel.
The front plate consists of an outer section A and somewhat smaller inner section A¹
so that when fitted together as shewn in Figure 4 the edge of the outer section projects
a little beyond the inner section forming a casing shoulder.
From the inner section A project the ends b of three pillars B into holes a in the
outer section A; and screws C screwed into the pillars B secure the sections firmly
together.
Similarly secured by screws C¹ upon the other ends of the pillars B is a back plate
which also consists of two sections an outer D and an inner D¹. The front and back
plates with the pillars B constitute the frame of the watch which is fitted into the
watch case E in the usual manner. F is the arbor of the barrel G that contains a
long light main spring H, one end of which is attached to the arbor whilst its other
end is attached to the inner periphery of the barrel in the usual manner. An arbor I
carries a pinion i gearing with teeth g on the circumference of the barrel G and a
toothed wheel which gears with a pinion on a second arbor K carrying a toothed
wheel which gears with a pinion on a third arbor L. The arbor L carries a
duplex escape wheel acting on the arbor M that is provided with a balance wheel M¹
and hair spring m in the usual manner.
The hinder end of the main spring arbor F is squared and has fitted on it a toothed
wheel N which is contained within a recess d. in the inner back plate section D¹
and which gears with a second wheel O in a like recess d'. The wheel O is engaged
by a pinion P upon an arbor Q mounted in the stem or pendant e of the watch case
so that the main spring is wound by the rotation of the stem arbor. A spring pawl n
in a recess d³ prevents the spring arbor F from turning backward. The said recesses
d, d¹ and d are preferably fornied in the inner section D' but they may be formed
in the inner surface of the outer section D; in either case the wheels Ñ and O and
pawl n are held in place between the sections. The usual pivot holes are formed
wholly within the inner back plate section D' and any of them may be jewelled by a
jewel fitted in a recess in the outer face of the inner section D1 and held in place by
the outer section D. The balance jewel M2 is set in a metal bushing on which is
pivoted a regulation arm R. As this bushing and the regulation arm project above
the inner section the outer section has in its inner face a recess for their reception.
Thus these parts are held in place by the outer section and are free to be removed or
replaced when that section is removed.
The regulator arm R extends over a scale d³ graduated on the outer face of the inner
section D, and, in order that the scale may be seen and the arm moved, an opening d
is provided in the outer section D.
For the dial train, a toothed wheel S is mounted in a central recess a¹ in the inner
front plate section A¹ and has an arbor s projecting through a hole a² in the outer
section A and through a hole in the dial plate T to receive a minutes' hands s¹.
Upon the arbors is pivoted a wheel U the central boss u of which projects through
the dial plate T and carries an hours hand u¹. Within a recess a³ is mounted an
intermediae wheel V that gears with said wheel S and carries a pinion v gearing
with the hours' wheel u the gearing being so proportioned that the minutes' wheel
makes 12 revolutions to one of the hours' wheel. The dial plate T is preferably held
in position upon the plate section A by three studs or pins at which project from A
and enter holes t¹ in the dial plate. Screws or other fastenings may be substituted
for the pins a. The outer face of the dial plate is recessed and in the recess t³ is
cemented a dial T¹ of enamelled copper or of porcelain. As the dial wheels are
mounted within or between the inner plate section A' and the dial plate T without
connection with the time train, the removal of the dial plate allows the minutes' and
hours' wheels to be removed or replaced without affecting the movement. As the end
play of these wheels depends on the distance between their shoulders as compared
with the distance between the faces of the plates which are not liable to be changed
by any proper use, dial wheels made to suit that distance will always fit with the
proper amount of play. By securing the dial in a recess its central hole is brought

page_text: X
into certain coincidence with the arbors of the hands which is very difficult when a
dial is secured in the usual way by studs or feet. The dial wheels are driven directly
from the going barrel G by the wheel S gearing with a wheel W which is pivoted
upon the front of the barrel and is caused to rotate therewith by friction. In the
winding and hand setting mechanism, shewn by Figs. 13 and 14, the stem arbor Q
has on its outer end the usual milled crown q and on its inner end two pns
and X' separated by a thin metal disc x. Upon the arbor Qimmediately behind these
pinions is pivoted the pinion P which has in its inner face a recess p containing a
C shaped spring p¹ that has its one end fixed to the pinion and its opposite free end
turned slightly outward to engage with the teeth of the pinion X'. A spiral spring Y
placed on the arbor Q between the crown q and the inner end of the recessed portion
of the stem e urges the arbor outwards pressing X¹ against P. When the arbor Qis
turned in the one direction the spring pawl p¹ being engaged by the teeth of the
pinion X¹ causes P to turn and this through the gearing ON winds up the main
spring. When the arbor is turned in the opposite direction the pawl p₁ escapes
and the pinion P remains stationary. In the inner face of one or both of the plate
sections A and A¹ is a toothed wheel Z which is always engaged with the wheel W
and which can be engaged by the pinion X. When the stem arbor is pushed
inwards as shown by Figures 2 and 3, the pinion X¹ is removed from the spring
pawl p¹ and the winding pinion P is left free. When said pinion X is engaged with
the wheel Z the arbor being turned causes the hands to turn to any desired position.
Upon releasing the arbor Q from the inward pressure, the spring Y causes it to
resume its normal position as shewn in Figures 7, 8 and 9 disengaging it from the
hands' setting mechanism and engaging it with the winding mechanism. A single
pinion might be employed instead of the two X and X, but this is objectionable
because, in attempting to overwind, the free end of the spring p¹ might be forced
outward between the teeth of the pinion causing derangement or damage. This
objection is overcome by the use of the disc a on which the free end of the spring
pawl bears, being thus enabled to resist without injury such pressure as it would
ordinarily he subjected to.
The balance wheel M' is made from one piece of metal in the following manner :-
A disc, Figure 15, is_cut from a sheet of metal and within one of its faces a recess is
formed as shewn in Figure 16. The blank is then pressed between dies to the form
shewn in Figure 17 with a rim m¹ and peripheral projections m². Trimming dies
then remove the surplus metal or fin from around the periphery bringing it to the
shape shewn in Figure 18. Other dies then cut from all the metal inside the rim
except such as forms the central arm m³ as shewn in figure 19. Finishing dies are
then applied to give a perfect form and to compress and render dense the metal as
seen in Figure 20, after which the edges of the blank are rendered smooth by shaving
away with suitable dies any surplus metal and the balance wheel is finally completed
as shewn in Figure 21 with a hole to receive its arbor. Owing to the compression by
the dies, the density of the wheel considerably exceeds that of ordinary metal and
there is less expansion and contraction under variations in, temperature than in
ordinary balances which cost much more to make.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
1. The construction of the front plate of a watch frame in two thicknesses or
sections secured together, and made with recesses to receive the dial plate and dial,
and the dial gear and hand setting gear, substantially as described.
2. The construction of the back plate of a watch frame in two thicknesses or
sections secured together and made with recesses to receive the winding gear and
regulator, substantially as described.
3. A time train of a watch consisting of a winding arbor main spring and toothed
spring barrel driving a pinion on a second arbor, a wheel on the second arbor driving
a pinion on a third arbor, a wheel on the third arbor driving a pinion on a fourth

page_text: arbor, carrying a duplex escape wheel which acts on a spring balance, substantially as
described.
4. A dial train of a watch consisting of a wheel pivoted on and driven by friction
from the mainspring barrel, this wheel driving a pinion on the arbor of the minutes'
hand which pinion drives a wheel carrying a pinion that drives a wheel on the
tubular arbor of the hours' hand, substantially as described.
5. For winding the spring and setting the hands of a watch the combination of the
following parts, a spindle fitted to turn and slide in the pendant stem of the case, on
this spindle a milled head to turn it, a spring urging it outwards, a loose pinion and
two fixed pinions with an interposed washer, the loose pinion having a spring pawl to
engage with the first of the fixed pinions and gearing through an intermediate wheel
with a wheel on the arbor of the main spring, the third pinion in position when the
spindle is pressed in to gear with the dial train, substantially as described.
Dated this 31st day of May 1887.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.