CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GEORGE BODMER, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twelfth day of June, in the seventh year of His reigu, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John George Bodmer, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said John George Bodmer, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as I,the said John George Bodmer, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no other,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK,
FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS"; in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso, that I, the said John George Bodmer, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John George Bodmer, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in the Drawings hereto annexed, and by the following explana-
tion thereof, that is to say
My improvements in the machinery for spinning and doubling cotton, wool,
silk, flax, and other fibrous materials, consist, in the first place, in the novel
construction and pecular arrangement of certain parts of the ordinary throstle
frame used for spinning and doubling, so as to effect the winding of the yarn
upon the bare spindle, and in the form of "pin cops," as in common mule
spinning.
Secondly, in a peculiarly-formed "flyer" or guide, and the apparatus
connected therewith, which is intended to conduct or wind the yarn on to the
spindles during the operation of spinning or doubling.
Thirdly, in a simple contrivance or method of sizing or preparing the yarn
for the loom simultaneously with the process of spinning, by the addition of
suitable apparatus to my improved throstle frame, and thereby preventing the
necessity of the yarn undergoing the detached operations of sizing and dressing
as usually performed. It will be seen that a inodification of this portion of my
Invention will also be applicable to the spinning of rope yarn from flax; hemp,
&c.; and at the same time supplying it with tar or other necessary matter, as
commonly employed in such manufacture.
And, fourthly, my improvements in spinning apply particularly to those
machines commonly called the mule," consisting of a novel arrangement of its
ordinary and essential parts, and in the application of certain new. mechanism
or apparatus, whereby the machine is rendered much more simple and effective
in its operation.
In order that my Invention may be better explained and more particularly
understood, I have attached to these Presents two Sheets of Drawings: (and
anarked the same with figures and letters of reference), in which are repre-
sented such views of my improved parts or mechanism, and their peculiar
adaptation to the well-known spinning machinery, as will render my Invention
perfectly intelligible to persons conversant with such apparatus. The particular
improvements as represented and to be described in Sheet 1 have peculiar
reference to those spinning machines which are without "carriages," and
commonly called "throstles ;" and those parts of my improvements which are
shewn in Sheet 2 are adapted to spinning machines with "carriages," called
"mulės."
In Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents a vertical section, taken transversely

page_text: through my improved throstle frame, and representing its essential parts
a, a, a, are a set of drawing rollers as commonly used in spinning machines,
and mounted in stands upon the roller beam b; the roving of cotton proceeds
from the creel between these drawing rollers, and is drawn through the tube c
by the fluted roller d and top roller e, and thus conveyed to the spindle over
the guide or conducting wire f; in this case the cotton or yarn receives a
certain portion of twist between the rollers a and the tube c, and sufficient to
put it in that state in which it is fit to receive what is commonly called "after
draft," which is effected by the rollers d and e revolving at a greater speed
than the front rollers of the set of drawing rollers a, a. The spindles upon
which the thread or yarn is to be wound or spun are shewn at g, g, and are of
that description commonly called "mule spindles," having a small wharve or
pully h fixed upon them, and being driven by a band from the vertical drum i,
or in any other convenient manner. The dotted lines under the wharve
upon the spindle y represents the positions of the wharves in the longitudinal
row of spindles, and being placed one below another for the convenience of
banding, as in common mules, which will be clearly understood; these spindles
revolve in bearings, mounted in a stationary frame, formed by the angular
beant j, which is fixed to the framing of the machine, the round upright bar k
fixed into the beam, and held or supported by the piece 1, which is also fixed
to the framing of the machine; toothed segments m, mounted upon the shaftn,
supported by the piece l, geer into corresponding racks, formed upon the back
of the moveable bar o, which slides up and down the upright k in such
proportion as the toothed segments m are actuated by the ordinary copping
motion of the machine, which is attached to the shaft n. To the top of the
vertical bar small bracket pieces p are attached, to which ordinary spindle
bearings or bushes q are screwed, in which the spindles revolve, being sup-
ported upon the step pieces ", which are attached to the rail 7; the step pieces
are of a peculiar construction, and will be more clearly seen by reference to
the auxiliary Figures 2 and 3, where they are shewn full size; Figure 2
being a vertical section, and Figure 3 a front view or elevation of the same,
the spindle bearing or being entirely held in its position by the upper part of
the step piece, and merely supported below, where it is allowed to work freely
in the oil channel; to the upper end of the sliding rack bar o an angular
beam s is fixed, to which the boxes t (containing the flyer or guide) are
screwed. This flyer or guide with its box t being the second important feature
of my Invention, will be better explained by reference to the Figures 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, and 9, which are detached views of the same, and drawn upon the full
scale.

page_text: ✓ Figure 4 represents a plan or horizontal view, and a front or edgeview, of my
improved flyer, shewing it as made from a piece of steel, brass, or iron wire,
and bent into the peculiar shape there shewn, the hook around which the
thread is to be passed being shewn by the bent loop formed in the wire at A,
or it may be formed by twisting the extreme ends of the wire, as shewn in
Figure 5; or the flyer itself may be made of paper, card, vellum, whalebone,
horn, or other light and suitable material, and in various shapes, and have a
metal wire eye or guide attached, as shewn in Figure 6. Figure 7 is a section,
taken vertically through the box or container t, and shewn in its relative
position, as attached to the beam s. Figure 8 is a plan. or horizontal view of
two of these boxes t, and in their working positions in the spinning machine;
and Figure 9 is a partial section of the box t, with the flyer shewn as con-
tained loosely within it, and in its relative position around the cop, which is
being formed upon the spindle g. In these Figures, 7, 8, and 9, the boxers
or holders t will be seen to consist of two rings of metal, the lower one a being
for the purpose of supporting the guide or flyer b during its revolution, and the
upper ring cacting as a lid or cover for the purpose of keeping the flyer in its
horizontal position; these boxes are secured to the angular beams by screw
bolts d, and ascending and descending with it in order to lay the yarn upon the
spindles, in the form of which the cop is required. The upper ring c may be
removed at pleasure by turning the button e, by which it is held down in
the recess of the lower ring; or this fastening may be dispensed with, as the
weight of the ring or lid is quite sufficient to keep it in its place; and it
will be seen in Figure S, that one of the boxes is shewn complete, and
the other box has the upper ring removed; as the thread or yarn is twisted
or spun by the spindle g, it glides down to the flyer or guide b, is passed
through the hook or eye, and taken once round the shank of the flyer to
the body of the spindle, see Figures 8 and 9. Supposing the spindle
to be empty and just ready to start with the flyer lying in the box in the
position marked 6*, the moment the spindle begins to revolve and the yarn
to wind on, it will draw the flyer into the position as shewn in the box without
the lid, that is, close up to the spindle, aud thus putting the necessary stress
upon the yarn; and in proportion as the speed of the spindle increases, and the
centrifugal power of the flyer b overcomes the friction obtained by the yarn
partly upon the shank of the flyer and partly upon the spindle, the yarn will
be wound more or less tightly upon the spindle, and the form of the cop may
be made similar to that produced by the spiuner by means of the faller in the
common mule, by a suitable arrangement of the copping motion, which governs
the rise and fall of the boxes and flyer. It will be necessary to observe

page_text: that the size of the boxes and the weight of the flyer must of course be
adapted to the fineness of the yarn and to the material to be spun. The
driving pullies for setting this my improved throstle in motion are shewn at
Figure 10, and are so arranged that the spindle may be in full motion or
nearly so before the fluted rollers are started, which is effected by the
following means:-- is the main driving shaft for giving motion to the spindle
drums i (Figure 1), and v, an upright shaft, connected by suitable geering to
the drawing rollers. Suppose now the strap to be upon the loose pully w
and the machine to be at rest: as soon as the strap is passed around the
pully, which is fast upon the shaft u, it will set the spindles in motion
through the bevilled wheels at its end, and when it is passed upon the pully
y (so as to act also upon that pully) which is loose upon the shaft and
connected by a bevilled wheel fast upon its boss to the upright shaft v, the
fluted rollers will be set in motion. Figure 11 is a longitudinal section of the
box in which the twisting tubes c work (see Figure 1); those tubes are driven
slowly by means of the strap z, which is supported by the rollers 2* ; the top
of the box can be removed at pleasure, and the tubes, which merely lie upon
the strap, may be taken out and replaced as may be desired.
The third part of my improvements in spinning machinery, namely, the
application of certain mechanism to effect thesizing of the yarn, and preparing
it for the loom as it is being spun, without removing it from the machine
and submitting it to a separate operation, as heretofore, is shewn in Figures
12, 13, 14, 15, and 16. Figure 12 represents a section taken through a
similar throstle frame to the one above described, and furnished precisely in
the same manner with spindles and flyers, but with the additional apparatus
for sizing or preparing the yarn for the loom. But this additional mechanism
will be better seen in the full size detached views, Figures 13. and 14.
a is
a tube of brass or other metal, heated by the passage of steam or hot
water; upon this tube the box 6 is soldered. This box contains the size or
other glutinous matter to be applied to the yarn, and which is kept in a fluid
state by the heat of the pipe a. Bearings are fixed at suitable intervals
upon the box b and support the shafts d, d; upon these shafts steel milled
rollers e are fixed, which revolve in openings made in the cover of the boxb; a
bent piece of brass fis placed in these openings, and is covered with flannel or
other suitable material, which is in contact with the milled rollers c, and thus
supplies the roller with a sufficient quantity of size to impregnate the yarn.
These rollers are milled in an oblique direction, and revolve in a reverse direction
to the drawing rollers for the purpose of facilitating the twist in passing over
the said rollers e up to the drawing rollers. Figure 15 is a horizontal or plan

page_text: "
view of Figure 12, and in which the relative situations of the spindles, the milled
rollers, and the drawing rollers, are shewn; and Figure 16 is a front view of a
travelling bottom "clearer," for cleaning the drawing rollers, and prevent the
"lapping" of the rovings around them. 9 is the front fluted roller; h, a piece
of wood covered with flannel, fitting the circumference of the rollers, and fixed
to the cast-iron piece i by means of a link or hinge; this piece i is hung
between two collars or shoulders formed upon the horizontal bar k, and this
bark works in bearings fixed to the roller beams, and is intended to receive a
reciprocating or shogging" motion from any convenient part of the machinery,
thereby working the clearer hagainst the surface of the fluted rollers as they
revolve, and prevent any accumulation of fibre or cotton upon them. I do not
intend to use these clearers for spinning with warm size alone, but in all parts
of spinning machinery where drawing rollers are used which are subject to
lapping." Figures 1 and 12 sufficiently shew the improved application of
the mule spindle with the box and flyer for doubling and spinning, the whole
difference between these operations being in the application of different rollers
to the machinery. A modification of the last-described arrangement of
mechanism for sizing and preparing the yarn is shewn at Figure 17, which
represents in section part of a machine for spinning the rope yarn from flax,
hemp, &c. 1, 1, 1, are a set of drawing rollers as commonly used for such
purpose; m, a set of twisting tubes, similar to those described in Figure 1, and
these tubes are to be placed at such a distance from the drawing rollers as
shall be suitable to the material under operation. These tubes in this machine
answer a double purpose, as they not only serve to prepare the yarn to be
drawn into a more equal state by the fluted rollers and the groove 1 rollers n,
but also to enable the rollers n to receive the yarn into their narrow grooves.
o is a brass or iron pipe, similar to that already described in the last machine,
excepting that the pipe in this case must be stronger, and the box p above it
must be made in such a manner that it will stand heat from four hundred
to five hundred degrees Fahenreit, or more or less. Oil heated to about the
degree above mentioned in any convenient and well-known apparatus is to
be circulated through the pipe o, which will keep the tar contained in the
box in that state of heat which will best enable it to penetrate the
fibre of the material. Figure 18 is a front view of the rollers n, the upper
one of which has projecting collars q, q, formed upon it, which take into
corresponding grooves z, formed upon the lower roller, and the yarn passing
between these rollers at the passages formed by the projections q and
the grooves, is impregnated with the heated tar, as the grooves upon the
lower roller run in the openings in the tar box p, which are suitably formed to
P

page_text: receive them. The top roller n is kept down upon the lower one by heavy
weights's, placed at intervals, and thus not only causes the tar to penetrate the
fibres of the material under operation, but also squeezes that surplus portion
of the tar which is not imbibed by the fibres back into the box p.
In this
machine also it will be evident that my improved flyer with its box or
container are to be used, and their size and weight must also be proportionate
to the strength and thickness of the yarn to be spun,
Having now described, with reference to Sheet 1, the three first features of
my improvements in machinery for spinning or doubling cotton; flax, wool,
silk, &c. as applied to throstles; or spinning machines without carriage's, I
will proceed to shew their application to' mules, or spinning machines with
carriages.
Sheet 2 of the Drawings illustrates the fourth feature of my improve-
ments, in which Figure 1 represents an end elevation of my improved' inule
with its headstocks, and Figure 2 is the principal part of the horizontal or
plan view of the same, as seen from above. It will be seen in these 'Figures,
as hereafter described; that the principal novelty or feature of my improvement
in this machine is the application of two rows of spindles which are worked in
connection with each other as a double carriage, and only requiring one boyas
piecer" to attend the double row of spindles, consequently working in much
less space; and also in the simplification of the mule, by the introduction of
my improved flyers with their boxes or containers working up and down and
around the spindle, exactly as just described in my improved throstle frame; and
thus superseding the necessity of many parts of those mules which from the
cops upon the spindles by mechanism instead of manual labour, and usually
termed "self-acting mules."
6.
It will be seen that in my arrangement of the mechanism composing the
"mule "I employ two separate driving headstocks' with two sets of drawing
rollers, in order to supply the two rows of spindles in the double carriage, and
each creel of rovings with the drawing rollers are placed on opposite sides of
the machine, so that as the carriage is performing the operation of spinning
upon one side of the machine, the "putting-up" is performed upon the other,
and thus the spindles are kept revolving without intermission. A's all the
general and common parts of the mule will be clearly seen by an inspection of
the Figures 1 and 2, I will proceed at once to shew the mode of putting my
arrangement of the mechanism into operation.
A, A, A, (see the right-hand side of the Figures,) and A','A', A¹; (see the
left-hand side,) is the frame or headstock, and supporting the 'roller beams,
upon which the set of drawing rollers are mounted, as in common mules; to

page_text: these frames the bracket pieces B and B' are fixed, which support the
vertical shafts C, C¹. D, D', are the main driving shafts, which receive their
motion from the common line shafting and geering, and are caused to stop in
the usual manner. E and E' are the driving straps, which pass from the drum
upon
the shafts D,D,in order to give motion to the double carriage, and enable
it to perform the necessary operations during the spining of the yarn. The
strap E (see left-hand side) is shewn upon the pullies Fland G', the pulley F¹
being keyed fast upon the vertical shaft C, and the pulley G' running loosely
upon theshaft, but having its boss fast keyed upon that of the bevelled pinion H',
will thus, by taking into the bevil wheel I' (see plan), the carrier wheel K',
and the spur wheel L', give motion to the front fluted roller M, and at the
same time communicate motion to the row of spindles N by the common
arrangements of bands, pullies, and spindle drums mounted in the carriage as
usual. The band pullies O, which are keyed upon the shafts D, D', revolve
together, and by means of the band P, the pulley Q, the pinion R, and the spur
wheel S, and by the mangle pinion T being keyed upon the same stud or shaft,
and revolving in a bush or bearing on the lever U, will by working into the
mangle rack V, (which is fixed outside the frames A, A,) work the carriage
W, W, W, in the direction of the arrow, and thereby perform the "stretch," or
drawing out or spiuning operation, between the set of fluted rollers M'and the
row of spindles N¹ (upon the left-hand side of the mule), and at the same
time, as both rows of spindles are mounted upon the same carriage, the
putting-up or "going-in " of the carriage is performed upon the opposite row
of the spindles and rollers N, M. The two vertical rods X and X', are for the
purpose of shifting the straps E and E upon the various pullies upon the
verticalshaft C and C¹, as may be required to perform the necessary evolutions
of the machine; thus, as it is desirable that the spindles should be caused to
revolve about th quicker during the operation of "putting up," that is, the
going-in" of one row of spindles, and thereby give the requisite finishing
twist to the yarn, this extra speed is given to the spindles by means of the
studs Y and Y!, upon the rods X,X'; these studs are embraced or held by the
extreme forked ends of the vibrating levers Z, which, acting upon its centre
or fulcrum, causes the rod X to shift the strap E upon the pulley a (as seen in
the right-hand side of Figure 1), whilst the "putting-up" is being performed
upon that side, and at the same time the other forked end of the lever Z shifts
the strap E upon the pulleys F and G', while the stretch of the yarn or
'going-out," of the carriage is being performed upon the left-hand side of the
machine. The strap E now being upon the pulley a, the extra speed is
given to the spindle by means of the spur wheel b, being keyed fast upon the
"
...

page_text: boss of the pulley a, revolving loosely upon the vertical shaft C, and taking
into the carrier wheels c and d which revolve together upon a stud in the
bracket piece e; and the carrier wheels working into the toothed wheel f.
which is fast upon the boss of the pulley, ca rying the band which drives
the spindle drums, will give such extra speed to the spindles as may be
required, being regulated by the varying diameter of the carriage wheels in this
train of geering. Now, supposing the carriage to have travelled from the set
of drawing rollers M' towards the opposite set of rollers M (in the direction of
the arrow), and consequently the forked end g¹ of the lever U having left hold
of the small stud / upon the stopping or shifting rod X', and the other forked
end g of the lever U arrived at the stud / upon the opposite shifting bar X,
the mangle pinion T having travelled along with the carriage from the turn
plate on the mangle rack V to the turn plate i at the opposite end of the
rack, it is evident that the moment the mangle pinion turns round the last pin
upon the mangle rack, and the fork g taking hold of the stud h, the lever U
will be depressed at one end, and consequently raise the strap E from off the
pulley a, over the loose pulley k, and upon the pulley F, and thereby reduce
the speed of the spindles N to that speed which is required for performing the
stretch, and after having shifted upon the pulley G, will start the set of fluted
rollers, as already described. The upright lever 7, which is fixed or cast upon
the same piece with the lever U, and at right angles with it, will now move
the faller m¹, by means of the link ', from off the wires o' and pl, into the
position in which it is shewn, and the wire marked on the other faller m will
have pressed the yarn between the two wires o and p, and, by the friction
the yarn is subjected to between the wires, the additional or finishing twist
given by the spindles in putting up will, during the whole time the carriage is
running in, be confined to the short space between the wire p and the spindle
end, and thus cause the yarn to be twisted quite as regularly as that produced
by throstles.
My improved flyers, with their boxes or containers, exactly similar to those
described in Figures 4, 5, and 6, 7, and 8, in Sheet 1, are to be used in this
machine in a similar manner to those which are used in throstles, and are
shewn around the spindles at 9, 21, and screwed to the angular beam 7, 1,
which is supported by the vertical bars or rods s,s, moving in bushes or bear-
ings fixed in the drum and spindle frames t, t, aud t¹, t¹. These upright bars
rest upon the rollers u, u', on the end of the levers v, 1, which levers are
keyed upon the longitudinal shafts w, w¹, supported by the bearings a, x¹,
upon the carriage frame W, and which shafts extend the whole length of the
carriage; the links y, y', connect the levers u, v, with the bent levers and ¹,

page_text: which levers are bent merely to clear the small studs I and I., fixed into
the carriage frame W, and the small rollers 2 and 2*, at the end of the levers
2,21, run upon "the shapers," fixed to the shafts 3 and 3*, and as the carriage
runs in and out upon its railways, these rollers running upon the inclined
surfaces of "the shapers" will form the cop upon the spindle, by the action of
the levers, s³, causing the levers v, ³, the rods s, s', and the beams r, r¹, to
regulate the rise and fall of the boxes and flyers 9, 9', and thus to distribute
or lay the yarn upon the spindle as may be desired. It will be very evident
that almost any of the "shapers" already known and in use may be applied
to this copping motion, therefore I shall merely give a discription of one I
consider sufficiently adequate for the purpose, and which will be better under-
stood by reference to the detached views of the same; Figure 3 being an
elevation or side view of the shaper; Figure 4, a cross section of the same
as seen from the front; and Figure 5, a cross section as seen from behind.
The longitudinal shaft 3 (which does not revolve, but vibrates a little to the
right and left, in order to accommodate the surface of the shaping plates to the
roller 2upon the end of the lever z,) works in the bearings 4 and 5, and confines
between the guide arms 6 and 7, 8 and 9, the plate 10, upon which plate the
inclined planes 11 and 12 are formed, and upon which the rollers 13 and 14 work.
These rollers are fixed to the shaping plate 15, upon which the roller 2 at
the end of the lever z travels. The screw 16 is held in its place by the
bearing 17, fixed to the shaft 3, and works in the nut 18, which is secured to
the plate 10. The ratchet wheel 19, on the end of the screw 16, is shifted by
the click 20 one or more teeth, by the action of the inclined plane 21, which
is fixed to the carriage, every time the carriage runs out, and by the action of
the inclined plane 22, which is also affixed to the carriage frame, the lever
or stud 23 is depressed, and vibrates the shaft 3 as much on one side as will
bring the plate 15 under the pulley 2 on the end of the lever z, and thus
during the running in of the carriage move the lever z up and down,
according to the line described upon the surface of the shaping plate 15, and
thus causing the ascent and descent of the flyers and boxes q to wind the yarn
on to the spindles in the forms of which the cop may be required. The
moment that the carriage has arrived at the end of its journey, and at the
station nearest to the roller beam, the inclined plane 24 will have raised the
stud 25 upon the other extreme end of the shaft 3,and will then have vibrated
the shaft the other way, and shifted the shaping plate from under the roller 2
on the lever z, and caused the same to travel upon the bead 26 during the
time the carriage is running out, which bead forms a straight line; and by
being fixed to the shaping plate, it is evident that by this arrangement the fly

page_text: )
and box will always be around the largest diameter of the cop during the
time the stretch of the yarn or "going-out" of the carriage is performed, and
will not alter its situation until the carriage commences to run in. It will be
seen, by reference to the carriage W, that there is a strong plank or platform
27, which extends the whole length of the carriage, and upon which the
"piecer," or boy who attends the spindles, stands, and thus passing backwards
and forwards with the carriage, he is always at hand and ready to "piece up"
or connect any of the ends of yarn that may break, and is at the same time
saved the labour of following the carriage.
Figure 6 is a plan or horizontal diagram, representing the running
wheels of the mule carriage; and Figure 7 is an elevation of the same.
28, 29, 30, and 31 are the running wheels of the carriage, moving upon
the railways 32, which rails are channelled or grooved out, so as to
admit a cross band into the groové; at each extremity of the rails a
5 regulating screw is fixed to the ends of the cross bands, which bands are
taken from the carriage wheel 28 on one side of the mule to the wheel 29 on
the other side, and so from the wheel 30 to the wheel 31. The four guide
pullies 33 conduct the bands from one wheel to another, as shewn, and by this
arrangement the cross bands do not interfere with the passage, and serve to
keep the carriage much more trim and square than the common mode of fixing
the cross bands in mules now in use.
Having now described each particular feature of my improvements in
spinning machinery, and the manner of carrying the same into practical
effect, I wish it to be understood that although I have described in this my
Specification many well-known parts of spinning machinery, and which are in
common use, I have merely introduced them for illustration, and to shew more
plainly the application of my improvements, which parts, of course, I do not
claim, when separately considered; but I do claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, with respect to the construction of those machines commonly called
"throstles," the spinning of the yarn upon the bare spindles by the peculiar
arrangement of mechanism as shewn in the Drawings, that is, by the applica-
tion of common mule spindles to these inachines, together with my improved
flyers and containers, with the novel arrangements, as shewn in the various
Figures in Sheet 1 of the Drawing, and as above more particularly described.
And, secondly, with respect to my improved flyer, and with its box or
container, I do not intend to confine myself to the precise shape or form as
therein delineated, nor to its precise dimensions, weight, or material, but the
application of such a flyer as therein described, and having for its basis a
similar object, that is, the ability of accommodating itself to the pullor drag of

page_text: the yarn under any angle which the yarn may assume while spinning, and
while it is winding on to the spindle, and working loosely or independently in
its box or container, however its form, size, weight, or material may be varied.
And, thirdly, I claim the method of sizing or preparing the yarn in the same
machine and during the operation of spinning; and also the modification of
the same apparatus as shewn in the Drawings for the effectual application of
tár or other such material to rope yarn during the spinning operation.
And, lastly, with regard to my improvements in such spinuing machines as
are commonly called mules, I particularly claim the application of two rows of
spindles in one carriage, and thereby effecting the "putting-up" or "winding-
of the yarn upon one row of spindles at the same time as the "stretch,"
or spinning process is performed upon the other row, and thus keeping both
rows of spindles in effective operation without intermission. And I also claim
the application of my improved flyer boxes or containers to mules of any
description, in the manner and for the purposes previously described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John George Bodmer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty cav
טותnlם
D
WERIN, MA
JOHN GEORGE
(L.S) BODMER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of December, in the
first year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said John George
Bodmer came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
and specified in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of
the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twelfth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and