Improvements in Syringes for Surgical and like uses.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 10th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1898
PROVISIONAL DECITATION.
Improvements in Syringes for Surgical and like uses.
A communication from abroad by STILLMAN WILLIAMS ROBINSON, of University
of Ohio, Columbus, State of Ohio, one of the United States of America,
Professor, and HENRY JOHNSON DETMERS, of 1815, Neal Avenue, Columbus
aforesaid, Doctor of Medicine.
I, ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES, of 55/56, Chancery Lane, in the County of London,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in hypodermic syringes, being especially
intended for making delicate injections, such as intravenous injections, and those
in connection with infectious diseases where it is absolutely necessary that the
instrument should be absolutely sterilized, and without any liability of working
improperly, particularly in respect to its certainty not to draw air bubbles.
The syringe constituting the invention is constructed of three parts, a needle
head, a cylinder or body, and a plunger, each of which is entirely without foreign
matter, such as packing which would not only be liable to deteriorate, but would
absorb bacteria, and could not be readily and satisfactorily sterilized; each part
also is without crevices or pockets which might afford lodgment to microbes,
etcetera: and, above all, the parts are so constructed and fitted to each other that
they automatically seal themselves, or in other words are self packing, without
the employment of packing per se
In carrying out this last mentioned feature of the invention, I provide the
barrel with a bore of uniform diameter throughout its operative area, this barrel
being also entirely open from end to end, and perfectly smooth on its inner surface,
so that it may be readily inspected.
Preferably the three parts mentioned are all made of metal, in order that they
will expand and contract the same, and in order that they may be quickly and
completely sterilized by simple means, such for instance, as dropping in boiling
water.
The plunger is ground throughout its entire length to fit this bore with abso-
Inte accuracy.
Besides this, the plunger is provided with a series of small hair-like peripheral
grooves, which serve the double purpose of graduations to determine the quantity
of liquid drawn into or expelled from the barrel, and at the same time by reason
of the elasticity of the minute filaments of air contained therein, or, more properly,
held thereby as an inappreciable film between the barrel and plunger. form an
absolute harrier to the passage of any fluid along between the barrel and plunger,
thus to assist in the perfect action of the plunger, and produce the vacuum neces-
sary to draw into the barrel the liquid to be used, and also to prevent leakage of
the same around the plunger as it is expelled, and effectually prevent the drawing
in of any bubbles.

page_text: The impossibility of the instrument drawing any bubbles is of great importance,
inasmuch as the liability to draw in bubbles has been heretofore common in this
class of instruments, and, as will be understood by those skilled in the profession,
the presence of a bubble is often very serious and may even endanger a patient's
life.
The needle head is also bored out and countersunk, and the needle is preferably
extended entirely through the head and secured by shrinking, brazing, swaging,
or other suitable means, leaving the two substantially integral and without empty
spaces to contain air or micro-organisms.
The holding collar on the barrel and the handle on the plunger are also formed
integral or practically so with the main body of their respective parts, so that
the entire syringe is rendered microbe proof and reduced to the least
Tossible number; and the constructions, particularly the long bearing surface
and peripheral grooves of the plunger, fitting as it does within the barrel
for its entire length, are such that the instrument can never draw air bubbles,
there are no places not open to inspection, or which can escape disinfection, the
entire instrument is permanently durable, not deteriorating with disuse, and it
works equally well under all temperatures and conditions.
The rings or grooves on the plunger may if desired be placed apart according
to any system of graduations.
Improvements in Syringes for Surgical and like uses.
A communication from abroad by STILLMAN WILLIAMS ROBINSON, of University
of Ohio, Columbus, State of Ohio, one of the United States of America,
Professor, and HENRY JOHNSON DETMERS, of 1315, Neal Avenue, Columbus
aforesaid, Doctor of Medicine.
I, ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES, of 55/56, Chancery Lane, in the County of London,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to improvements in hypodermic syringes, being especially
intended for making delicate injections, such as intravenous injections, and those
in connection with infectious diseases where it is absolutely necessary that the
instrument should be absolutely sterilized, and without any liability of working
improperly, particularly in respect to its certainty not to draw air bubbles.
The syringe constituting the invention is constructed of three parts, a needle
head, a cylinder or body, and a plunger, each of which is entirely without foreign
matter, such as packing which would not only be liable to deteriorate, but would
absorb bacteria, and could not be readily and satisfactorily sterilized: each part
also is without crevices or pockets which might afford lodgement to microbes,
etcetera; and, above all, the parts are so constructed and fitted to each other that
they automatically seal themselves, or in other words are self packing, without
the employment of packing per se.
In carrying out this last mentioned feature of the invention, I provide the
barrel with a bore of uniform diameter throughout its operative area, this barrel

page_text: being also entirely open from end to end, and perfectly smooth on its inner surface,
so that it may be readily inspected.
Preferably the three parts mentioned are all made of metal, in order that they
will expand and contract the same, and in order that they may be quickly and
completely sterilized by simple means, such for instance, as dropping in boiling
water.
The plunger is ground throughout its entire length to fit this bore with abso-
lute accuracy.
Besides this, the plunger is provided with a series of small hair-like peripheral
grooves, which serve the double purpose of graduations to determine the quantity
of liquid drawn into or expelled from the barrel, and at the same time by reason
of the elasticity of the minute filaments of air contained therein, or, more properly,
held thereby as an inappreciable film between the barrel and plunger, form an
absolute barrier to the passage of any fluid along between the barrel and plunger,
thus to assist in the perfect action of the plunger, and produce the vacuum neces-
sary to draw into the barrel the liquid to be used, and also to prevent leakage of
the same around the plunger as it is expelled, and effectually prevent the drawing
in of any bubbles.
The impossibility of the instrument drawing any bubbles is of great importance,
inasmuch as the liability to draw in bubbles has been heretofore common in this
class of instruments, and, as will be understood by those skilled in the profession,
the presence of a bubble is often very serious and may even endanger a patient's
life.
The needle head is also bored out and countersunk, and the needle is preferably
extended entirely through the head and secured by shrinking, brazing, swaging,
or other suitable means, leaving the two substantially integral and without empty
spaces to contain air or micro-organisms.
The holding collar on the barrel and the handle on the plunger are also formed
integral or practically so with the main body of their respective parts, so that
the entire syringe is rendered microbe proof and its component parts are reduced
to the least possible number; and the constructions, particularly the long bearing
surface and peripheral grooves of the plunger, fitting as it does within the barrel
for its entire length, are such that the instrument can never draw air bubbles,
there are no places not open to inspection, or which can escape disinfection, the
entire instrument is permanently durable, not deteriorating with disuse, and it
works equally well under all temperatures and conditions.
The rings or grooves on the plunger may if desired be spaced apart according
to any system of graduations.
In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated the details of construction
of this invention.
In these drawings Fig. 1 shows this new hypodermic syringe in side elevation;
Fig. 2 shows the parts thereof separated, the barrel being represented in
vertical longitudinal section and the plunger and needle head in side elevation,
a portion of the handle of the plunger being broken away;
Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the head on an enlarged scale.
The barrel a has a uniform cylindrical diameter a open from end to end, the
forward end thereof being slightly conical at a³ to receive a correspondingly taper-
ing or conical end of the needle head band the rear end of the barrel having
a holding collar a¹.
The needle head is bored out to receive the needle, which is shown as slightly
countersunk therein at b³.
The plunger is ground with great accuracy to precisely the same diameter
throughout its entire length, and is shown as provided with a plurality of hair
like transverse grooves which act in the double capacity of air passages and a
graduated scale.
At its rear end the plunger has a handle c¹ shown as slightly concaved to receive
the thumb,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A hypodermic syringe having a barrel provided with a smooth open bore
of the same diameter from end to end, a needle head for one end thereof, and a
plunger ground to fit said barrel throughout its length, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
2. A hypodermic syringe having a barrel provided with a smooth open bore
of the same diameter from end to end, a needle head for one end thereof, and a
plunger ground to fit said barrel throuhout its length, said barrel having a
plurality of transverse hair-like grooves formed in its periphery.
3. The herein described hypodermic syringe having a barrel, plunger and needle
head all made of the same material to expand and contract simultaneously and
indestructible in boiling water, the plunger contacting with the barrel at every
point throughout its length, and said parts being constructed without packing
and without crevices or pockets for the lodgment of microbes, etcetera.
TAAA
Both way of C
1030
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
3m 1