IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS WHEREIN STEAM IS GENERATED TO ACTUATE MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1884

page_text: We EDWARD FIELD of Chandos Chambers N° 22 Buckingham Street, Adelphi,
in the City of Westminster Consulting Engineer and HARRISON AYDON of Kneller
Cottage Whitton near Hounslow in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
WHEREIN STEAM IS GENERATED TO ACTUATE MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to apparatus wherein steam is generated and the
gases resulting from combustion of fuel to provide the necessary heat for generating
the steam are cleansed and they and the steam are used together (mixed) to perform
work in an engine or elsewhere.
In the specification of a former patent granted to us the 10th day of June 1882
relating to apparatus of the kind above referred to we have described various
arrangements according to which the air to support combustion is forced into a
closed combustion chamber by a pump or pumps and the products of combustion
are caused to pass through water in another chamber before mixing with the steam
to do duty in an engine or elsewhere.
Now according to our present invention we cause air for supporting combustion
to be drawn or forced into the combustion chamber as hereinafter described and for
the purpose of abstracting deleterious particles from the products of combustion
after they have left the combustion chamber and either before or after they are
mixed with steam we cause such products to issue into a chamber which by means
of partitions or divisions is formed into two or more compartments which together
form the course of the vapour such course being one having a continually increasing
area. In the chamber may be water to receive deleterious particles. The products
to be cleansed enter the said chamber some distance above its bottom part and are
caused to descend and afterwards to rise and escape at or near the upper part. The
capacity shape and horizontal section are such that the products of combustion
which are deflected downwards within the chamber are caused to come to rest
quietly so that when they are deflected from the surface below (for instance the
surface of the water when water is used) after having deposited the greater part of
the solid deleterious particles they shall not have sufficient velocity to carry any
solid particles which may still be in suspension to the exit aperture through which
In
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page_text: the products of combustion mixed or unmixed with steam or water vapour are to
pass to the engine or for other use. The admixture of the products of combustion
with steam may take place either in our improved apparatus or at the cylinder of
an engine wherein they are intended to do duty.
In generators of this class where the pressure of the steam is considerably greater
than that of the products of combustion and where it is wished to dispense with
the use of the air pump (used according to the specification of our previous patent)
for feeding the air to the furnace or to use the products of combustion at a lower
pressure than that of the atmosphere we sometimes make the furnace open instead
of closed and in order to mix the steam with the hot products of combustion we
employ a suitable injector or ejector actuated by the high pressure steam so as to
draw the hot products of combustion from the furnace or combustion chamber and
depositing chamber and then to force such products at the desired working pressure
in a mixed state with the steam into a well lagged reservoir which if constructed and
arranged similarly to the depositing chamber above mentioned will further purify
the mixture from deleterious solid particles if necessary or in some cases the first
depositing chamber may be dispensed with and the products of combustion may be
purified in the lagged reservoir only, after or before admixture of the steam and
products of combustion as before stated; in which case the construction of the
generator itself can be much simplified and the collecting water (when water is
used) be placed in the separate depositing chamber instead of being in the generator
proper.
In some cases apparatus for forcing air into the combustion chamber may be used
in coniunation with an inienter at sienter

page_text: We, EDWARD FIELD, of Chandos Chambers 22 Buckingham Street, Adelphi,
Consulting Engineer, and HARRISON AYDON, Kneller Cottage, Whitton, near
Hounslow, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS WHEREIN STEAM IS GENERATED TO ACTUATE
MOTIVE POWER ENGINES" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to apparatus wherein steam is generated and the
gases resulting from combustion of fuel to provide the necessary heat for generating
the steam are cleansed and they and the steam are used together (mixed) to perform
work in an engine or elsewhere.
In the specification of a former patent granted to us the 10th day of June 1882.
No 2727 relating to apparatus of the kind above referred to, we have described
various arrangements according to which the air to support combustion is forced
into a closed combustion chamber by a pump or pumps and the products of
combustion are caused to pass through water in another chamber before mixing
with the steam to do duty in an engine or elsewhere.
Now according to our present invention we cause air for supporting combustion
to be drawn or forced into the combustion chamber as hereinafter described and
for the purpose of abstracting deleterious particles from the products of combustion
after they have left the combustion chamber and either before or after they are
mixed with steam we cause such products to issue into a chamber which by means
of partitions or divisions is formed into two or more compartments which together
form the course of the vapour. In the chamber may be water to receive deleterious
particles.
The products to be cleansed enter the said chamber some distance above its
bottom part and are caused to descend and afterwards to rise and escape at or near
the upper part. The capacity shape and horizontal section are such that the products
of combustion which are deflected downwards within the chamber are caused to
come to rest quietly so that when they are deflected from the surface below (for
instance the surface of the water when water is used) after having deposited the
greater part of the solid deleterious particles they shall not have sufficient velocity.
to carry any solid particles which may still be in suspension to the exit aperture
through which the products of combustion mixed or not with steam or water'
vapour are to pass to the engine or for other use. The admixture of the products
of combustion with steam is effected by means of an injector and may take place
either in our improved, apparatus or at the cylinder of an engine wherein they are
intended to do duty.
In generators of this class the pressure of the steam is considerably greater than
that of the products of combustion and where it is wished to dispense with the
use of the air pump (used according to the specification of our previous patent)
for feeding the air to the furnace or to use the products of combustion at a lower
pressure than that of the atmosphere we sometimes make the furnace open instead
of closed.
The injector or ejector which is actuated by the high pressure steam serves to
draw the hot products of combustion from the furnace or combustion chamber or
depositing chamber and then to force such products at the desired working pressure,
"

page_text: in a mixed state with the steam into a well lagged reservoir which if constructed
and arranged similarly to the depositing chamber above-mentioned will further
purify the mixture from deleterious solid particles if necessary, or in some cases the
first depositing chamber may be dispensed with and the products of combustion
may be purified in the lagged reservoir only, after or before admixture of the steam
and products of combustion as before stated in which case the construction of the
generator itself can be much simplified and the collecting water (when water is
used) be placed in the separate depositing chamber instead of being in the generator
proper.
In some cases apparatus for forcing air into the combustion chamber may be used
in conjunction with an injector or ejector.
Fig 1 of the drawings is a central longitudinal section of a horizontal steam
generator with our invention applied to it. A is the combustion chamber B the
depositing chamber and O a division which is so constructed as to constitute one
of two compartments which together form the course of the vapour. It will be
observed that the course is one having an increasing area. a is the fire grate.
D is a pipe leading from the combustion chamber A to an injector or ejector E
whereby the products of combustion are drawn from A and forced into C and B by
the action of steam passing to the injector by the pipe F from the generator G
wherein steam is raised to the required pressure by the combustion of the fuel in «
and A. His the pipe for conducting the mixed products of combustion and steam
as actuating fluid to a motor. I is the uptake used to promote a draught for
raising steam at starting, and is provided with a valve or throttle which can be
closed more or less as required. K is a hand hole or manhole for abstracting as
required any matters-that-may-settle in the depositing chamber B.
Fig 2 shews a modification wherein the ejector E is so connected with the
depositing chamber B as to draw products of combustion therefrom by the action
of steam fed by pipe F from the generator G the mixed products of combustion
and steam being injected or forced along pipe H to the valve chest of any suitable
motor. The division Cin the present arrangement is of a form somewhat resembling
a thimble and products of combustion are conducted into it from A by pipe D―the
flow of the products being induced by the action of the ejector E. I is the uptake
as before.
Fig 3 illustrates a vertical generator with our invention applied to it in the
manner described with reference to the horizontal generator Fig 1. a is the fire
grate, A the combustion chamber, G the generator, B the depositing chamber,
C the division therein, D the pipe for conducting products of combustion to the
ejector E. H the pipe for carrying mixed products of combustion and steam to the
motor. I the uptake with valve or throttle.
An arrangement the converse of that just described may be used,-the products
of combustion being mixed with the steam after passing through the depositing
chamber. The ejector E would then be at H.
Fig 4 illustrates a vertical arrangement resembling in its operation the horizontal
arrangement represented in Fig 2. Products of combustion from the combustion
chainber A pass by pipes D, D into the cavities formed by the thimble-like
divisions C in the depositing chamber B which latter is represented as being
constructed with an annular pocket to receive sediment or deposit. Steam from
the generator G is conducted to the ejector E by pipe F. I is the uptake.
In each of the above described arrangements where the pressure of the products
of combustion exceeds that of the atmosphere the pipe or pipes D must be provided
with a non-return valve or valves-The combustion chamber is a closed one into
which air is forced by a pump as required-If, however, a sufficiently powerful
ejector E be employed, it may in some cases be found advantageous to use an open
combustion chamber.
In each of the arrangements described the depositing chamber may if desired
contain a small quantity of water.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. In apparatus of the kind hereinabove referred to the use in connexion with
a combustion chamber of a depositing chamber (or chambers) with internal partition
or division (or divisions) so constructed and arranged that the products of com-
bustion from the combustion chamber are deflected downward within the depositing
chamber and caused to quietly come to rest or change their course therein so as to
deposit the greater part of the solid deleterious particles and have their velocity so
modified that it shall not suffice to carry any solid particles which may still be in
suspension to the exit aperture substantially as described.
2. The use of a combustion chamber; a steam generator, a depositing chamber,
and an injector or ejector, so relatively arranged and connected that products of
combustion from the combustion chamber and steam from the generator are
caused to mix, solid particles are deposited from the products of combustion
(before or after their admixture with steam) and the mixed products of combustion
and steam are, by the operation of the injector or ejector, caused to flow to a
motor or other apparatus wherein the mixture is to be utilized substantially as
described.
3. The construction and arrangement of apparatus of the kind referred to in the
preceding claim as described with reference to and shewn respectively in Fig 1,
Fig 2, Fig 3 and Fig 4 of the drawings.
Dated this 14th day of January 1885.
EDWARD FIELD.
W. Lloyd Wise,
Applicants' Agent,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.