A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND ORNAMENTING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas William Davenport, of Ormond Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and Samuel Cole, of Wiltoni
Street, Aston Manor, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND ORNAMENTING
Sealed the 7th July 1857, and dated the 18th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left b; the said Thomas William Daven-
port and Samuel Cole at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th February 1857.
We, THOMAS WILLIAM DAVENPORT, "Grocer," Ormond Street, Birmingham,
and SAMUEL COLE, "Japanner," Wilton Street, Aston,. Warwickshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND ORNAMENTING ARTICLES IN PAPIER MACHE AND
CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object certain improvements in the manufacture
and ornamentation of articles in papier mache and charcoal, and this we effect
in the following manner :-
First, by means of a rotary or parallel motion.
Secondly, the use of circular blades for cutting the material into a required
shape.
Thirdly, the application of circular plates or laps (made of or covered with
any of the ordinary materials used for scouring and grinding,) to produce a
secondary form..
Fourthly, the employment of circular stone plates in ornamenting.
Fifthly, a solid or covered wood, cork, or leather rotater for polishing and-
finishing purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the. conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas William Davenport and Samuel Cole in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 15th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; we, THOMAS
WILLIAM DAVENPORT, Grocer, Ormond Street, Birmingham, and SAMUEL COLE,
Japanner, Wilton Street, Aston Manor, Warwickshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas William Davenport and Samuel Cole, Her special
licence that we, the said Thomas William Davenport and Samuel Cole, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas
William Davenport and Samuel Cole, our exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, .should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and, Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND ORNAMENTING ARTICLES
IN PAPIER MACHE AND CHARCOAL," upon the condition, amongst others, that
we, the said Thomas William Davenport and Samuel Cole, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the band and seal of one of
us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas William Davenport and
Samuel Cole, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:→→
Our Invention refers to improvements in the manufacture of. articles of
imitation jet, such as mourning brooches, bracelets, shawl pins, and other
dress appendages; and these improvements consist in ornamenting such
articles which are usually made of papier maché or charcoal, by the application:
and adaptation thereto of certain of the processes employed by lapidaries for
producing the facets and sharply defined angles on precious stones or glass.
In order to elucidate more clearly this our Invention, we will first proceed to
describe the process hitherto employed in making and ornamenting the above-

page_text: named articles. These are, firstly, pressing paper pulp into moulds or dies
having the pattern sunk or cut in and upon them; and secondly, by pasting,
sheet upon sheet of thin absorbent paper upon a matrix until the necessary
thickness has been attained, and then covering the paper with a mould, to
produce the sinkings or ornaments thereupon; and, lastly, producing the
ornamental sinkings in pieces of paper panel by heat and pressure in moulds,
but always working with the grain or fibre of the paper. In all these
processes the ornamental cutting of the jet is deficient in sharpness, the angles
not being, well defined, and by reason of the articles being pressed in the
direction of the length of the fibre in the material they are apt to crack and
fly during the operations of japanning and stoving. These evils it is our.
object to avoid. Our process is as follows:-And as the same operations have.
to be gone through in making articles in either of the materials named in our
title, (viz) papier maché or charcoal, and as there would be no departure from
these processes whatever the article may be which we desire to produce in
artificial or imitation jet, we will take a mourning brooch in papier maché
and describe the operations through which it has to pass. We employ the.
papier maché in the form of a board or panel, of such width and thickness on
the end that when sawn into thin slices across the fibre of the paper each.
section is sufficient for one brooch. If the brooch is to be an oblong, a square,
an octagon, or any angular form, the shape is cut out entirely by the saw; but
if the outline be circular or curvilinear we employ a haud punch, to strike out
the desired form. The blank is then taken to a lathe furnished with a.
rotating disc cutter toothed upon the periphery, and also on the sides, and
being brought into contact with the rotary cutter, concave ornamental sinkings
are produced, or sharp angular lines or facets cut on the surface, according to
taste; or for some purposes we employ for this process, which wo term the
roughing process, laps or pulleys of wood covered with emery or glass paper,
instead of the circular cutting tools above named. The brooch is. then
japanned, by colouring it or blacking it by any of the ordinary processes
applicable to papier maché articles, by which japanning the surface becomes
rough; it has therefore to be re-ground to smooth it, which we do by means
of stone pullies or lead, steel, or pewter laps or pullies, these last named
supplied with grinding composition (if necessary), which stones or laps also
work in a rotary direction in a lathe. Hitherto the brooch has been only'
rough cut, the coarser and deeper cuttings only having been made. At this:
stage of the operation the fine cutting is put in by the same means already
described for the rough cutting, after which the brooch is again colored or
japanned, then polished with a brush mounted on a spindle in the lathe, or on

page_text: tho wood lap with rotten stone. For this operation we also employ, in some
cases, laps made of cork, using with them rotten-stone, as before named. The
goods then remain some time in the drying stove to harden the japan, when
they are afterwards ready for polishing. This is done by employing plain
wood laps without any covering material, which we find to answer better than
covered laps in polishing all parts of the ornament alike, as the wood enters so
much more cleanly into the fine cut parts, and polishes them equally with the
coarser parts. These wood laps are previously turned in a lathe to the
outline necessary to form the pattern upon the brooch. The edges or outline
of the brooch are now turned by means of laps or cutters to the desired shape,
if that shape be other than an angular one, and we then finish off the brooch
by glossing it, to give additional brilliancy to the polish, employing for this
operation a leather bob or wood lap or roll covered with leather or cork lap,
and supplied with jewellers' rouge, or the putty used by glass cutters, which
we find to answer the purpose much better than the rotten-stone at present
employed for the purpose. Hitherto we have described this our Invention as
being carried out by the use of rotary cutters and laps worked in a lathe, but
we do not thereby intend to confiue ourselves to the use of rotary motion only,
for the same effects may be obtained; though not so expeditiously, by the use
of files, wood and cork bobs, or laps, mounted in a suitable manner to work in
any other direction than a rotary one.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we claim the manufacture and
ornamentation of articles in papier maché and charcoal, by the employment
of cutters, stones, or laps working in rotary or other suitablo motion, for
filing and carving the before named articles. We claim also the use of
uncovered wood laps for polishing the said articles; and, lastly, glossing them
by means of jewellers' rouge, as herein more fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, wc, the said Thomas William Davenport and
Samuel Cole, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth
day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
THOMAS WILLIAM (L.s.) DAVENPORT.
SAMUEL
(L.S.) COLE.