IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING APARTMENTS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WALKER the younger, of Brown Street, in Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Hydraulic Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifteenth day of May now last past, did, for Herself, Her
heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Walker, my
exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said William Walker, my exors, adññors, and
assigns, by myself or themselves, or by my or their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I, the said William Walker, my exors,
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of
Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING APARTMENTS AND
BUILDINGS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said William Walker, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Walker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to consist,-
First, in the construction of a metallic block or plate having a series of
openings passing through it for the admission and passage of atmospheric air,
which openings present a large surface of metal to the atmosphere in a small
space; such perforated block or plate is to be attached to some heating
apparatus, such as a stove containing fire, a boiler containing hot water, or a
pipe containing steam or hot water, in such a manner as that the heat or
caloric from the heating apparatus will pass into such block or plate. The
surfaces surrounding the openings in the block or plate will thus become
warmed, and give out a large portion of their heat to the atmospheric air
contained therein, whereby such air will become lighter and pass off, and the
cooler and denser air will take its place, until such succeeding portion of air
will have received a sufficient quantity of heat to carry it off also, and thus a
current of air will pass through and receive heat from such block or plate.
And, secondly, in a tubular boiler for heating water, which has an opening
through the inside of it, the bottom of which opening forms the fire-place
or box, and the upper part forms a chamber for the reception and for a supply
of fuel. This internal opening is the largest in the fire-place or box, and it
decreases gradually to the top. Under the fire-place is an ash-pit, so formed
that more or less air can thereby be admitted to or excluded from the fuel in
combustion, so as thereby to regulate, as may be required, the degree of heat
generated.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, I shall, in further
compliance with the said proviso in the said Letters Patent contained, proceed
to shew the manner in which the same may be performed by the follow-
ing description, reference being had to the Drawings annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon. The same letters denote the same parts
throughout the Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews in section a metallic block, which has a series of openings
through it for the admission and passage of atmospheric air; Figure 2 is a
plan of the block shewn in section in Figure 1. Figure 3 shews in section a
metallic plate, which has a series of openings passing through, and two pipes
attached to it, one on each side, for the passage of hot water or steam;
Figure 4 is a plan of the plate and pipes shewn in Figure 3. Figure 5 is a
plan of a double cylindrical tubular boiler; Figure 6 is a vertical section, and
Figure 7 is a front elevation, of the boiler shewn in Figure 5. Figure 8 is a

page_text: plan of a hot-water stove, with a number of metallic blocks fixed in it, such as
that shewn in Figures 1 and 2; Figure 9 is a section, and Figure 10 is a
front elevation, of the stove shewn in Figure 8.
In Figure 1, a represents a section of a metallic block, with hot water or
steam 6 at the sides, and cool air passing through the plinth c, in the direction
shewn by the two arrows, and through the openings in the block, to supply the
place of the warm air passing out at the top, as there shown by the other two
arrows. Figure 2 is a plan of the block shewn in section in Figure 1; in
which a represents the block, with the openings through it for the passage of
air; b, the hot water or steam surrounding the block; and c, the plinth. In
Figure 3, d represents in section a metallic plate, with a series of openings
through it for the passage of air; and e represents two pipes for the
passage of hot water or steam, one on each side of the plate, by which the
plate becomes heated, and causes a current of air to pass through it, and
receive heat from it. In Figure 4, d represents a plan of the plate, and e
of the pipes, shewn in Figure 3. In Figure 5 is shewn a plan of a double
cylindrical tubular boiler; f being the ash-pit; g, the door opening into the
fire-place; h, the outer cylinder; i, the tubes, each of which have four longitu-
dinal ribs on the outside; b, the water; j, the inner cylinder; k, the opening in
the inner cylinder, through which the fire bars are seen. In Figure 6, which
is a vertical section of the tubular boiler shewn in Figure 5, 7 is a pipe passing
through the smoke box m, which pipe connects the boiler with a cistern or
other receptacle for water, and allows the water freely to pass from one to the
other. n is a pipe for conducting the smoke from the smoke box into the
chimney. represents a cistern, in dotted lines, which may be placed on
the boiler, as shewn, or above the boiler in any other situation. p is an over-
flow pipe discharging into the ash-pit. q is a door or lid, which fits air-tight
on the top of the inner cylinder j. The admission of air into the ash-pit is
regulated by a screw and plate 2°. It will now be obvious that a supply of
fuel can be put into the inner cylinder and ignited, and that the combustion
thereof will not extend much higher than the openings at the bottom of the
tubes, and that from the large surface of the tubes exposed to the water, such
water will be heated with a small quantity of fuel. In Figure 8, j represents
an inner cylinder; k, the opening for fuel, through which the fire bars are
seen; i, the tubes, surrounded by the water b, through which tubes the smoke
passes from the fire through the smoke box into the chimney; h, the outer
case of the boiler; and c, the plinth. a represents blocks, with openings for
air through them, which blocks pass through the water in the boiler. 8, 8,
represent two pipes, which connect the cistern to the boiler, and allow the

page_text: water to pass from the one to the other. In this arrangement, a pipe, such as
that shewn in Figure 6, but which is not shewn in this Figure, also connects
the cistern with the boiler. This hot-water stove possesses the same advantages,
as a boiler for generating heat, as are possessed by that shewn in Figures 5, 6,
and 7, and it warms the apartment or building in which it is placed by means
of the perforated blocks which it contains. When my said improvements are
used for ventilating an apartment or building, I place the apparatus shewn in
Figures 1 and 2 in a shaft or flue communicating in any suitable position with
the apartment or building requiring ventilation; and the apparatus being
heated, causes a current of air to be drawn from such apartment or building,
and to pass through the openings in the block and out at the top of the shaft
or flue.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner.
the same may be carried into effect, I do hereby declare that I do not claim
as my Invention any of the parts of the apparatus herein-before described
separately; but I do claim as my Invention the following improvements in
warming and ventilating apartments and buildings, namely,-
First, a metallic block or plate, having a series of openings passing through
it in combination with a heating apparatus, such as a stove, a boiler, or a
steam or hot-water pipe, by which such block or plate is heated, so as to
transmit heat through the surface surrounding the openings therein to the
atmospheric air, and cause it to pass through the block or plate, so as
thereby to warm or to ventilate an apartment or building. And, secondly, a
boiler with an internal air-tight space for fuel, combined and arranged
with the fire-place or box, and the upright tubes which pass through
the water, in the manner herein-before described. And such my Inven-
tion being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never
before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick upon Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specifica-
tion of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth
comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in
the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained: wherefore
I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Walker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-four
WILLIAM (L.S.) WALKER, JUNIOR.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid William Walker came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowedged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.