IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS OR MACHINERY FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Weild, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Sealed the 7th September 1855, and dated the 7th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Weild at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1855.
I, WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS OR MACHINERY FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The improvements which I shall first describe may be considered as
supplemental to those improvements for weaving this class of goods described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to me on the Twenty-first day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,
numbered 474, and relates to the mechanism for inserting the wires (more
particularly to those wires which have hooks formed on or pieces attached
to their ends) into the shed, withdrawing them from the fabric, delivering and
transferring them for re-insertion.
My improvements consist, firstly, in making the trough which carries the
wire as it is inserted in the shed with a number of small slide pieces, as

page_text: supports to the wire when in the trough, but which will retire to allow the
picker and piece or hook on the end of the wire to pass them; and in making
the groove of the trough under-cut, to admit of an increase of the breadth of
that part of the picker pushing against the hook or piece on the end of the wire.
My improvements consist, secondly, in dispensing with the connecting rod or
bar described in the Specification above referred to, for conveying the motion
of the cam employed to actuate the trough to the lever giving movement to
the shaft on which the trough is mounted, and oscillates by causing the cam
to act directly upon the lever.
My improvements consist, thirdly, in receiving the wire from the fabric into
a groove, which has its open side downwards, being closed or covered when
receiving the wire by a piece or a number of pieces which will slide or oscillate
on centres so as to cover the open side of the groove when pushed on one
side by the trough as it comes to receive the wire, causing the wire to be
delivered from the groove and to drop in the trough. When the wire is drawn
into the groove, the slide pieces covering the open side of the groove are
successively pushed on one side by the hook, to allow it to pass, when they
immediately cover the groove again when the hook lias passed, being brought
in that position again by the force of springs acting upon them.
My improvements consist, fourthly, in an arrangement by which the wires,
as they are withdrawn from the fabric for re-insertion, are received into the
same trough or groove which is employed for inserting them in the shed, and
is accomplished by mounting the trough or groove and picker or pusher slides
and apparatus on arms, so that they may oscillate between the point of
receiving the wires and the point of insertion, the amount and times of the
oscillations being regulated by a cam or other means. This arrangement may
be used in combination with supports in the shed for steadying the wire during
its insertion, or without them, by an arrangement of pins or guides for
regulating the points of support to suit the varying amount of deflection of
the point of the wire as it passes into and through the shed. The preceding
improvements refer to that mode of working the wires for weaving this class
of fabrics known as the "loose wire" system; but my next improvement
relates to a mode of working wires which may be considered to combine the
advantages of both the fast and loose wire system, in which the wires arc
inserted in the "shed," withdrawn from the fabric, and carried forward for
re-insertion, and consists,―
Fifthly, in an arrangement of a roller or cylinder which is placed at one
side of the loom, with its axis opposite to and in line with the "fell" of the
fabric, and its end about nine inches from the edge of the fabric, which passes

page_text: over a surface in going to the taking-up roller corresponding to the curve of
the aforesaid roller placed at the side, which is grooved or fluted longitudinally
to a pitch equal or nearly equal to the pile loops formed by the wires in the
fabric, a wire being placed in each groove. Each wire carried by the grooved
roller or cylinder as it comes opposite. the fell of the fabric is pushed along its
groove into and through the shed, but when across the fabric the end of it still
remains in its groove in the roller, and when woven in the fabric it is allowed
to remain till a certain number of wires have been successively pushed in the
shed and woven in the fabric in like manner, when each wire is successively
withdrawn from the fabric back into its groove in the roller, so that a certain
number of wires always remain in the fabric, one wire being withdrawn from
the fabric for each wire pushed into the shed, the revolving of the roller
bringing forward the wires for re-insertion. The shuttle box or boxes are
detached from the lay, and have a movement corresponding to that of the lay
at the moment of picking the shuttle across the shed, but do not advance
with the lay to the point of beat-up, as the fluted or groove roller or rollers
would be in the way.
My next improvement relates to self-acting arrangements for letting out
either the pile or body warp to be. woven, and consists,―
Sixthly, in a bar or roller weighted so as to put the requisite tension on the
warp, but being free to movements or oscillations caused by the shedding of
the loom, and free to advance with the warp as it is taken up, the oscillations
of which bar or roller, when taking place at a certain fixed point, act upon a
pawl connected with a ratchet wheel that is fixed on a shaft, which has on its
end a worm geering with a worm wheel on the warp roller, thus causing the
warp roller to uncoil the warp. If more warp is delivered than is taken up,
the bar or roller retires, and its oscillations cease to act on the ratchet wheel
for a time, which stops the letting off of the warp from the beam till the taking
up of the fabric causes the oscillating bar to advance, & again to act on the
ratchet.
The next part of my Invention relates to an arrangement for letting off the
pile warp in the looms for weaving those fabrics in which the pattern is formed
by jacquard apparatus; and it consists,-
Seventhly, in mounting each pile bobbin in arms or in an oscillating frame,
placing the frame in such position that it will fall backwards till the bobbin
comes against a pin or friction surface fixed in the creel, when not otherwise
acted upon, which pin or friction surface will also prevent the bobbin from
revolving, either by obstructing the passage of pins placed in the head of the
bobbin, or by the friction of the surface. The thread is weighted between the

page_text: bobbin and a pulley or bar over which it is made to pass, the slack thread
forming a loop upon which the weight is hung. When the slack thread is all
taken up, the thread pulls the bobbin forward till the pin in the bobbin, which
is against the pin in the creel, is released from it, or till the bobbin ceases to
bear on the friction surface, at which moment the bobbin begins to revolve,
letting off the thread, and at the same time it falls back against the pin in
the creel or friction surface attached to it, which will stop the letting off of the
thread caused by the pull of the weight on the loop.
My next improvement relates to an arrangement of jacquard apparatus
employed for weaving certain descriptions of pile fabrics, the principal object
of which is to work the jacquard so that in such sheds where all the pile
warp is required to be risen, it may be done without pattern cards for every
such shed, and consists,―
Eighthly, in making the card barrel turn when required by an intermittent
apparatus, actuated from some convenient moving part of the loom, and in
employing a card, or iron plate without holes, which is inserted between the
barrel and the ends of the needles by a cam action, so that when the barrel is
moved towards the needles, the blank card or sheet is struck against the ends
of the needles, causing all the hooks to be taken by the "griffs;" or the object
of this improvement is accomplished by causing the board or plate on which
the hooks rest to lift, or by means of an heald through which all the pile warp
threads are drawn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Weild in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Weild, Her especial licence that I, the said William Weild,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Weild, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter

page_text: during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS OR MACHINERY FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Weild, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Weild, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and the accompanying six Sheets of Drawings, in which the same
letters or marks of reference will denote the same or corresponding parts
(that is to say)-
The improvements which I shall first describe may be considered as sup-
plemental to those improvements for weaving this class of goods described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, dated the Twenty-first day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,
numbered 474, and they relate to mechanism for inserting the wires (more
particularly to those wires which have hooks formed on or pieces attached to
their ends) into the shed, withdrawing them from the fabric, delivering them,
and transferring them for re-insertion.
Firstly, my improvements consist in making the trough which carries the
wire while it is being inserted in the "shed" with a number of small slide
pieces, which act as supports to the wire when in the trough, but which will
retire to allow the picker and piece or hook on the end of the wire to pass
them, being brought again into a position to support the next wire by springs
attached to the trough; and in making the trough under-cut, to admit of an
increase of the breadth of that part of the picker or pusher pushing against the
look or piece at the end of the wire.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal view, one end partly in section; Fig. 2, a
plan view; and Fig. 3 exhibits an end view. The slide pieces a fit in slots cut
through the sides of the trough b; both sides of them are bevilled, as shewn, to
present an incline to the piece on the end of the wire or to the picker, so that
when either of these comes against them they will be pushed into their slots
till the picker or piece has passed, when springs (a¹) fixed to the back of the
trough (6), and acting against each slide, will push them again across the
groove of the trough, till a shoulder formed on each slide rests against the side

page_text: of it. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are respectively a plan, front, and side view of the end
of the picker or pusher used, with the under-cut groove of the trough b.
Secondly, my improvements consist in dispensing with the connecting rod or
bar described in the Specification of my Patent before mentioned, for conveying
the motion of the cam employed to actuate the trough to the lever, giving
movement to the shaft or fulcrum on which the trough is mounted, and on
which it oscillates, by causing the cam to act directly upon the lever. Fig. 3
exhibits the arrangement referred to above. The shaft b', on which the trough
is mounted (being carried on arms b²), is fixed in bearings on the slay swords c,
in the position shewn. d is the cam placed on the tappet shaft e; giving motion
to actuate the trough. The end of the lever b, attached to the shaft b', fits
on to a stud b, upon which the ante-friction bowl is placed that bears against
the face of the cam d. The stud is held in position by being fixed in the end
of a rod or arm b, having it fulcrum secured on the framing of the loom.
The end of the lever or arm b³, fitting on the stud 6, has a slot in it, curved
to a radius having its centre at the fulcrum (c) on which the slay oscillates,
so that the trough b will not receive any motion but what is due to the action
of the cam d.
Thirdly, my improvements consist in receiving the wire from the fabric into
a groove which has its open side downwards, being covered or partly covered
when receiving the wire by a piece or a number of pieces, which will slide or
oscillate on centres so as to uncover the open side of the groove when pushed
on one side by the trough as it comes to receive the wire, causing the wire to
be delivered from the groove, and to drop into the trough. When the wire is
being drawn out of the fabric and into the groove by a hook, the slide or
oscillating pieces covering the groove are pushed by an incline on one side, in
succession, to allow the hook and the piece on the end of the wire to pass,
when they are immediately caused to cover the groove again, to retain the wire
in it by the force of springs acting upon each of them, the wire being delivered
from the groove when they are all simultaneously pushed on one side. These
improvements are illustrated by Fig. 3, a sectional end view, Fig. 7, a
longitudinal view, and Fig. 8, a plan view (groove part in section). f is a
beam in which the groove (f) is formed to receive the wires from the fabric,
the end of which is placed opposite to the point where the wires are to be
withdrawn from it. The pieces on the ends of the wires are brought by the
taking up of the fabric in succession opposite the end of the groove, which is
widened at that end so as to facilitate the entrance of the wire into it, one
side of the groove being formed by a thin piece of malleable metal f, attached
to the edge of the beam. The oscillating pieces f³, covering the open side of

page_text: the groove, have their centres on studs fixed in projections (f) from the
beam f, and pass through slots in the top of the beam, as shewn. The hook f³,
for drawing the wires (f) from the fabric, is fixed to a slide f', that works on
two guide bars f. An incline fo, attached to the slide, comes against projections
from the oscillating covering pieces f³ in passing them, forcing and keeping
them back till the hook has passed, when the force of the springs fixed to thic
beam brings them back, to cover the groove and hold in the wire. The wire
is delivered from the groove when the trough advances into the position shewn
in Fig. 3, at which moment all the oscillating covering pieces are forced back,
leaving the wire free to drop into the trough."
Fourthly, my improvements consist in arrangements by which the wires, as
they are withdrawn from the fabric for re-inscrtion, are received into the same
trough or groove which is employed for inserting them in the shed. These
arrangements are as follows:-The trough or groove picker or pusher slides
and apparatus are mounted on arms, so that they can oscillate between the
point of receiving the wires and the point of insertion, the amount and times of
the oscillations being regulated by a cam or other suitable means. This
arrangement may be used in combination with supports in the shed for
steadying the wire during its insertion, or without them by an arrangement of
pins or guides for regulating the points of support to suit the varying amount
of deflection of the point of the wire as it passes into and through the shed.
These improvements are illustrated in Sheet 2: Fig. 9 being an end sectional
view; Fig. 10, a front view. * is a piece on which the slide ribs or paths
are formed, as well as one side of the groove or trough b, the other side of the
groove or trough being formed by an angle piece secured to it by set screws.
The piece (*) is mounted on arms b², from a shaft or fulcrum b', the position
of which coincides with the fulcrum of the slay of the loom (²). Pulleys 6³ are
placed at each end of the slide piece 6*, and on the fulcrum of the arms b
supporting it, which form guides for the rope b, passing from the pulley b³ to
convey the required movements to the slide g. The pulley is placed on a
shaft be, that receives oscillations from a drum cam acting on an anti-friction
bowl fixed on a stud in a toothed quadrant, that geers with a toothed wheel on
the before-mentioned shaft in the manner described in the Specification of my
Patent herein-before referred to, and in the manner which will be herein-after
explained in describing my succeeding improvements. The rope passes
through a hole in the under side of the slide g, and is pinced against the side
of it by a loose piece g', acted upon by a set screw g². By this arrangement the
slide is readily adjusted, connected, or disconnected with the rope b', which
gives movement to it. The slide 9 has provision made in it for a holder g³,

page_text: which is fixed to it by a set screw, and thus gives the means of adjustment to
the groove or trough b. This holder g³ receives the picker or pusher g', which
is fixed and adjusted in it by a set screw.
Fig. 11 shews a longitudinal detached view of a portion of the trough bin
section, and a side view of the picker or pusher g', shewing the manner in
which it acts to push the wire f out, or draw it into the trough or groove b.
The wires f have pieces fox attached to their ends in the form shewn in
Fig. 12 and 13, when they are pushed into the "shed." The pieces on the
ends of them then are received into a guide box h, attached to the frame of
the loom, a side view of which is shewn partly in Fig. 9, a transverse section
in Fig. 10, detached side, front, and plan views of it being shewn respectively
by Figs. 14, 15, and 16.
This guide box h is placed alongside and within an inch or two of the edge
of the fabric. It has two grooves formed across it, equal to the width of the
picker; one of these grooves, h¹, is opposite the fell of the fabric, or the point
where the wire when inserted in the shed is left by the reed, and the other, h²,
is opposite the point at which they are to be withdrawn from the fabric for
re-insertion. These grooves also correspond to the angle and position of the
trough or groove 6 when receiving and inserting, being intended as con-
tinuations of it. That portion between the two grooves is what constitutes the
guide box, transverse section of which is shewn, as before stated, in Fig. 10,
the side of it nearest the edge of the fabric having a slot formed in it between
the two grooves, to allow the wires (f) to pass by the taking up of the fabric
from the groove (h') across the box, where they were inserted in the fabric, to
that (2) at which they are to be drawn out. One side of that groove (h') at
which the wires are inserted is formed by a loose piece (3) of the form shewn.
It is fitted to slide longitudinally over the guide box, and is acted upon by a
spring h. This spring tends to cause the piece to close the groove; it pushes
against the ends of the wires, keeping them against each other, and the one
to be withdrawn from the fabric against the side of the groove (h.) Only one
side of the piece h³ presses against the ends of the wires, as the other side is
bevilled, to leave a space between it and the end of the wire upon which it
presses sufficient for the entrance of the end of the next wire (see Fig. 17).
The pieces and bottom of the guide box h projects forward, having a space
between them which conducts the wire to the box. The trough or groove
obtains its requisite movements from a cam d on the tappet shaft (c) of the
loom, conveyed through a connecting rod 68, jointed to the arms 6, carrying
the groove or trough b at one end, and having an anti-friction bowl 6' fixed
on a stud at its other end, upon which the cam d acts, the rod 6s being guided

page_text: at that end in its reciprocations by a swivel die placed upon the tappet shaft e,
which fits into a slot formed in the rod 6. The cam d is only single acting,
the back movement of the trough or groove being produced by one or more
springs, so that when the trough arrives at the position in which it is shewn
in Fig. 9, the arms 62 which carry it will rest against a plate 6° fitted to slide
longitudinally in a portion of the framing A. This plate has two notches in
it, which come opposite each of the arms 62 when it is moved sideways,
allowing the spring which produces the back movement of the trough or
groove to pull the arms b² to the end of the notches in the plate, in which
position the groove or trough 6 is exactly opposite the groove in the
guide box h, through which the wires are withdrawn from the fabric.
The side movement of the plate is caused by a finger g' on the slide g,
which comes against one 6, jointed on the plate 6º. The finger jointed
on the plate 6 is made to give way to the finger, on the slide when it is
pushing the wire in, to allow it to pass, but to resist its passage in the oppo-
site direction, being brought upright, after it has allowed the finger on the slide
to pass, by the force of a spring. When the trough moves forward the plate
assumes the position first referred to, by the action of a spring. I have now
to explain the manner in which the parts described act together. The
fulcrum b' of the trough or groove, as before stated, coincides with that of the
slay c, and its position should be so placed and regulated that the bottom of
the
groove or trough will be opposite the fell of the fabric, which at this point
should be received on a plate, over which it should pass to the taking-up
roller, the plate being shaped to a curve produced by the oscillation of the
bottom of the groove or trough, so that the wires inserted in the fabric will be
on a level with the bottom of the groove or trough, both at the point of
insertion and withdrawal. Fig. 9 and 10 represent the apparatus as having
just inserted the wire in the shed, and the end of it pushed into the guide box.
It will be seen that the wire cannot turn while the piece on the end of it is
in the groove or trough b; and as it enters the groove in the box before it
finally leaves the trough, it is always maintained in an upright position. The
front end of the pusher g' first enters the groove h³, causing the slide pusher h³
attached to the guide box h to give way, and make room for the end of the
wire, which is being pushed forward by the inserting edge of the pusher till it
comes opposite the cavity of the guide box. The pusher then has to be drawn
back to bring its inserting edge clear of the side of the guide box, that is, in
a position so as to span the guide box, as shewn in Fig. 18. This move-
ment causes the finger g' on the slide 9 to push on one side of the slide plate
6, when the spring producing the back movements of the trough or groove b

page_text: instantly brings it opposite the groove (h²), from which the wire is to be with-
drawn. At this moment the pulling or hook edge of the pusher passes through
the groove (h) in the guide box, and it comes in contact with the piece on the
end of the wire to be withdrawn, and thus carries the wire into the trough
or groove b. When the end of the wire is withdrawn from the groove in the
guide box h, the cam d, producing the movements of the trough or groove, may
begin to move it towards the point of insertion, that is, to bring it opposite to
the fell of the cloth, and there wait till the reed beats up the pick of weft,
prior to the insertion of the wire, from which moment the cam should be
made to cause the movement of the trough or groove to coincide with that
of the slay till the reed arrives within, say, one and a half inches of beating
up the wire, when the trough or groove begins to move faster than the reed,
so as to rest against the notched plate 6, and so be opposite the groove h¹ in
the guide box (h), to give time to push the end of the wire into it before or
about the time the reed arrives at the fell of the fabric.
Fifthly, the improvements herein-before described refer to that mode of
working wires in looms for weaving pile fabrics known as the "loose wire"
system; but the improvements to be described under this division of my
Specification relate to a mode of working wires which may be considered to
combine, the advantages of both the fast and loose wire system, and by which
the wires are inserted in the "shed," withdrawn from the fabric, carried forward,
or returned for re-insertion, and consists in the application and arrangement of
a roller or cylinder, which is placed at one side of the loom, with its axis
opposite to and in a line with the "fell" of the fabric, and its end about nine
inches from the edge of the fabric, which passes over a surface in going to the
taking-up roller corresponding to the curve of the aforesaid roller or cylinder,
which is grooved or fluted longitudinally to a pitch equal or nearly equal to
the pile loops formed by the wires in the fabric, a wire being placed in each
groove. Each wire carried by the grooved roller or cylinder, as it comes
opposite the fell of the fabric, is pushed along its groove into and through the
shed; when across the fabric the end of it still remains in its groove in the
roller, and when woven in the fabric, it is allowed to remain till a certain
number of wires have been successively pushed into the slied, and have been
woven in the fabric in like manner, when each wire is successively withdrawn
from the fabric, so that a certain number of wires always remain in the fabric,
one wire being withdrawn from the fabric for each wire pushed into the shed,
the revolving of the roller or cylinder returning the wires for re-insertion. The
shuttle box or boxes are detached from the slay, and have a movement
corresponding to that of the slay at the moment of. picking the shuttle across

page_text: the shed, but do not advance with the slay to the point of beat-up, as the fluted
or grooved roller or cylinder would be in the way. Figs. 19 and 20 on Sheet
3 and 4 exhibit respectively an elevation of the loom on the wire-motion side,
part of the wire motion being in section, and an elevation in front of the loom.
Enlarged detached views of the fluted roller or cylinder, and the mechanisni
for inserting the wires into the shed and withdrawing them from the fabric, are
shewn on Sheet 1. Fig. 21 is a front view; Fig. 22, a plan view (part in
section); Fig. 23, a transverse sectional elevation taken through slide case and
fluted roller; Fig. 24, another transverse sectional view; Fig. 25, sectional
view of casing. The roller or cylinder k, as before stated, is grooved or fluted
to about the pitch of the loops required in the fabric, and a wire (f) is placed
in each groove, having one end formed as shewn by Fig. 26, which is a full-
sized side view of one wire, and Fig. 27, which represents the end view of
a few wires as they appear in the roller or cylinder k. The ends of the
wires when placed in the grooves of the roller k pass through holes formed
in a hoop , fixed on the end of it, the holes being made to come opposite
each groove. The grooved roller (k) fits truly into a casing 7 (bored out of the
diameter of the tops of the flutes), in which it can revolve freely. The casing (!)
has projections from it, by which it is bolted to the framing of the loom.
The upper part of the casing is cut away, to expose so much of the surface
of the roller as contains the number of wires required to be woven in the
fabric. A groove is formed in the casing, as shewn by Fig. 23 and 24,
which is intended for the pieces at the ends of the wires to pass through, and
as a guide to them when they are pushed into the shed by the pusher, which
also enters it. A space is made at the outer end of the grooved roller or
cylinder k, by a detached section (13) of the casing (Fig. 25), which has a
projecting part from it, by which it is screwed to the casing (l). This part also
forms a bearing for the axis k² of the roller. The space formed as above
mentioned is sufficiently wide to admit the pieces on the ends of the wires, and
allow them to be carried round by the revolving of the roller or cylinder k. A
disc is keyed on the axis of the roller; against this a toothed wheel k* comes,
to which motion is given to revolve the roller (k); against the boss of the toothed
wheel is a dished washer, upon which screw nuts act. This arrangement is
intended as a means of adjusting the grooves of the roller k to the pickers or
pushers when the wheel k' is in gear, and to give way when an accident
occurs. The slide way or path is fixed to the side of the casing 1, parallel to
the grooves of the roller k. The rope which gives motion to the slide 9 passes
over pulleys, on studs fixed in brackets secured to each end of the casing 1.
The rope passes through a hole in the slide g, and is attached to it by being

page_text: pinced against the side of the hole in the slide by a die piece acted upon
by a set screw g² (see Fig. 23). A bracket or holder g³ is secured to the
top of the slide g, upon it the pusher g', for pushing the wire along its groove
into the shed, is fixed; and another pusher g, to swivel on a stud, is also fixed
upon it, to draw the wire out.
The wires are kept in their grooves when
drawn from the fabric till covered by the edge of the casing by fingers f", which
come against the tops of the flutes. These fingers are placed on fulcrums f
attached to the casing 1, (see Fig. 24.) They are pressed against the flutes of
the roller by springs. The fingers f³ would be in the way of the pieces at
the ends of the wires when being drawn out; but they are each lifted from the
roller to allow the wire and pusher to pass by an incline piece g³, fixed
to the under side of the slide g, which in passing comes against and presses
down arms f from the fulcrum of the fingers f, which lifts them out of
the way, the spring pressing them down on the flutes of the roller again, when
the incline (g) has passed. The pusher g, which draws out the wire, is kept
by a small finger spring against the roller k, which allows it to lift, to pass
over the piece on the end of the wire to be drawn out, forcing it down when
it gets at the back of it, so that when the slide 9 moves back, it pushes the
piece at the end of the wire before it along the groove of the wire. A
finger g is placed on a stud at the detached end of the casing , and it is
caused to press against the pieces at the ends of the wires when pushed into
the space made for them, so as to keep the outsides of them in the position
shewn by Fig. 27, the pressure being effected by a spring acting against the
finger gs, which has its end bevelled, to leave a space between it and the end
of the last wire, for the next wire to be pushed into. When the slide g is at
the outside end of the grooved roller k, the pusher for pushing the wire in the
shed occupies the space cut out of the detached end part of the casing (),
and is opposite the groove () in the casing. While in this position the roller
is moved a groove or flute, to bring the piece at the end of the wire to be
pushed in the shed opposite the groove in the casing (7), into and through
which it is pushed, when the slide moves forward, and it is left by the pusher
against the hoop k¹. In the holder to which the pickers are secured a stud is
fixed, upon which a bent finger is placed so as to oscillate. This bent finger
is intended to pass into the space between the groove in the casing and the
grooved roller before the piece at the end of the wire, its purpose being to
keep down the wire in its groove, and to draw it back when the loom is
reversed. It is lifted out of the way when it arrives at one end of the casing
by an incline fixed to the casing, which acts upon a projection from its
fulcrum; and it is brought down again, when the slide arrives at the other end

page_text: of the casing, by another incline fixed on the casing. To maintain the bent
finger go in the position in which the inclines (and ) at each end of the
casing place it, so as not to move by a slight effort, two flat places are formed
on its boss, upon one of which a spring go, secured to the holder, presses, when
it is down, and on the other when it is up. At that end of the fluted roller k,
nearest the fabric, a finger he is placed on a stud 3*, secured on the casing
(see Fig. 24). This finger h³ presses against the pieces on the ends of the
wires, to force the tops of them against each other, as they have a tendency
This finger is pressed
to turn out of the erect position when in the fabric.
forward by a spring, and is bevelled, to leave at one side of it a space (as
shewn in Fig. 22) between it and the end of the wire upon which it presses,
to admit the piece on the end of the next wire which forces it back. The ends
of the wires, when drawn back into the fluted roller, extend about two inches
past the hoop. It will be seen that with the fluted roller in the position
described, that a wire pushed straight from the roller could not enter the shed,
being opposite the fell of the fabric, as the shed space would not be large
enough. I therefore cause the wire to be diverted or bent from its straight
line, so as to present its point at the widest part of the shed, and at the same
time cause it to be bent upwards, to compensate for the deflection of its point
in passing through the shed. When it has passed through the shed it is
allowed to assume the straight line again. The bending of the wires above
referred to does not exceed in amount that which they will recover by their
own elasticity. The instrument by which the wires are directed is formed by
a vertical rod m, jointed at its lower end (see Fig. 19) to a lever which gives
motion to it, and carrying at its upper end a sinall trough m' of thin malleable
metal. The edge of this trough touches the side of the wire last pushed into
the shed, so that the wire next pushed from the roller comes against the side
of the trough, which is in an incline position directing upwards, and to the
widest part of the shed. (See Figs. 28 and 29. The first is an end clevation of
the trough on the upper end of the rod, and the latter a plan view of it, showing
its position in relation to the wires.) The rod m upon which the trough is
fixed is elevated, to compensate for the increasing deflection of the point of
the wire as it passes through the shed, as before stated; but when the wire is
pushed across, it is lowered, to bring the trough clear of the wires, so that the
wire pushed in may assume the straight position; when it is beat up by
the reed, the trough again rises, to be in the position ready to direct the next
wire. I have now described the mechanism, and mode in which it acts, to
insert the wires in the shed, withdraw them from the fabric, and return them
for re-insertion. I shall now proceed to describe the means by which the

page_text: geers
mechanism is actuated, and the arrangement of the ordinary working parts of
the loom, some of which require modification, in consequence of the pecu-
liarities of the wire motion. In so doing I shall refer to Sheet 3, Fig. 19,
and Sheet 4, Fig. 20. The framing of the loom is marked A; first motion
shaft, i; driving pulleys, i' (fast and loose); a pinion on first motion shaft drives
a wheel on crank shaft, and a pinion on this shaft drives a wheel on tappet
shaft e, upon which is fixed the drum cam n, that gives movement to the
pusher slide of the wire motion it acts upon; an anti-friction bowl in a toothed
quadrant n', which has its centre of oscillation on a stud fixed on the cross
frame; the quadrant n' geers with a toothed wheel n², keyed on shaft , placed
in suitable bearings attached to the frame; on this shaft the pulley " is fixed,
to which the rope b is attached, which gives movement to the slide g. The
mechanism just described is similar to that used for giving motion to work
the slides for inserting and pushing out the wires described in the Specification
of my Patent herein-before referred to. The taking up of the fabric as it is
woven is also accomplished from the oscillations of the quadrant as described
in the said Specification, but by a pawl ³, placed directly on a stud or pin
fixed in the quadrant, which acts on a ratchet wheel on a shaft n' (in suitable
bearings fixed to the side of the loom), having a worm 25 upon it, which
with a worm wheel n on the axis of the taking-up roller n. A retaining
pawl fixed on a stud in the framing also takes into the teeth of the ratchet.
On the end of the shaft n, at the front of the loom, a hand whcel n³ is fixed,
to regulate or turn back the taking-up roller. A shaft is also placed in
suitable bearings alongside the loom, upon which a handle j is fixed at the
end at the front of the loom, which works against a retaining quadrant j²,
attached to the framing of the loom, which handle is for the purpose of
lifting the pawls out of the taking-up ratchet, which is done by excentric
or cam slots, formed in a piece at the end of the shaft j, with which the pawls
are connected. Intermittent movement is given to the fluted or grooved
roller or cylinder in the following manner:-A disc ', having a pin in it, is
placed on the end of the tappet shaft e, which acts on a star wheel k*, on a
stud fixed to the framing, to which is secured a bevil wheel, which geers with
another on an obliquely placed shaft 7, in bearings attached to the frame. On
the upper end of this oblique shaft another bevel wheel is placed, that geers
with one on a stud fixed on the framing. A pinion is attached to this bevel
wheel, which geers with one, &, that can slide on another stud fixed to the
frame. This pinion geers with the wheel k³, on the axis of the fluted or grooved
roller or cylinder k. The pinion is made moveable on the stud, that it can be
slided in and out of geer, so that the fluted or grooved roller or cylinder k

page_text: may be turned backwards or forwards when required, the pinion
being held
in geer by an arm k", which takes into a groove in its boss, the arm being
centered on the stud of the pinion with which it geers. The lever m², which
gives motion to the rod m, having the trough m' fixed upon it for directing
the wires into the shed, has its fulcrum m³ on 'a stud fixed in a bracket
secured to the frame, and the end of it carries an anti-friction bowl, which is
acted upon by a cam m* on the tappet shaft e. The shuttle box on the wire
motion side cannot move with the slay to the fell of the cloth, the fluted or
grooved roller being in the way; it is therefore made to come opposite - tho
shuttle race, and to have a movement corresponding to that of the slay at
the time of picking." It is mounted on separate arms c³, the fulcrum or
axis of oscillation c' coinciding with that of the slay-as shewn. Movement is
given to the detached shuttle box by a double action can p, on the end of the
crank shaft, which acts on anti-friction bowl p²; placed on a stud in the end
of a connecting rod p', which is jointed with the arms c³, carrying the shuttle
box. A slot is formed on the connecting rod p', that fits on a swivel die
placed on the crank shaft. By this arrangement the rod is kept in position; the
side action of the cam upon the bowl p is resisted, and a free reciprocation
of the rod provided for..> i
&
;
The picking" is obtained from arms q on the tappet shaft; bowls on them
act upon bat wings q¹, that are secured on shafts q* free in bearings attached to
the side of the loom; arms q³ descending from these shafts are connected by
straps q with the picking arms-q5 arranged in the ordinary manner. The
finger r, acting against the "swells" of the shuttle box, and the shafts r¹ upon
which they are mounted, are arranged in the usual manner, with this excep-
tion; the shaft of the shuttle box which is detached from the slay has an arm
from it which projects forward; when the shuttle is in the detached box the
arm is lifted and holds up the "frog" finger 72, while it passes over the "frog."
The frogs are fixed on the side frames, backed by india-rubber, as a buffer,
when struck by the fingers; one of them acts against an upright lever >*, having
its fulcrum * on the frame, which acts against an horizontal lever having its
fulcrum attached to the frame that forces the stop handle out of the sides of
its notch; a spring acts upon it, and causes the shaft 7, upon which is placed
to move the strap guide 77 (which is keyed on the end of it) from the fast to
the loose pulley..
The tappets for working the warps are placed on the tappet shaft e at the
left-hand side of the loom, e being the heald levers. There are certain
advantages in the mode of inserting wires described in this
part. of my Inven-
tion: arising from the point of insertion being fixed at or near the fell of the

page_text: fabric, and the method of diverting or bending the wires from the straight line
into the widest part of the shed, and from the use of a groove as a guide to push
the wire in, which advantages may be retained by the use of other mechanism,
in place of the fluted or grooved roller or cylinder, such as a trough or groove
made to oscillate between the point of insertion and that of withdrawal, so as
to transfer the wires from one point to the other.
Sheet 2 exhibits this modification by Figure 30, a longitudinal front view;
Fig. 31, a plan view, and Fig. 32, a transverse sectional view through the
slide; and Fig. 33, a transverse sectional view on the line a, b, Fig. 31.
The slide g is of the same construction and arrangement as for the fluted
or grooved roller arrangement, and is worked in like manner; it is also placed
in the same position in relation to the fell of the fabric; the pushers g' and 96,
for inserting and withdrawing the wire, are also of similar construction. The
groove or trough 6 for guiding and transferring the wires is mounted on
arms, secured to a shaft fixed in bearings on the plate carrying the slide
path . The trough or groove 6 has the oscillating movements imparted to
it by a cam on the tappet shaft e, to cause it to rest against the edge of the
beam on which the slide path 6* is formed when withdrawing the wire, and
against the hooks from the beam 7 when inserting the wire. The pieces at
the ends of the wires, when they are in the fabric, are held in a guide box h,
of somewhat similar construction to that described in the fourth part of this
Specification (and shewn by Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18), and provided with
two grooves in one side h¹, ², in like manner, through which the pieces pass
when inserted and withdrawn from the fabric, and with a slot in the other
side, also in like manner, so that the wires can pass by the taking up of the
fabric from one groove h¹ to the other ². It is also provided with a finger
, to accomplish the same purpose as that ³ described in the fourth part of
this Specification, namely, to press the ends of the wires against each other,
and the end of the guide box h. It is arranged in like manner to the finger h³,
herein-before described and shewn by Figs. 20, 21, 22, and 24, its fulcrum
being at h³*, * being the spring acting against it.
When the slide 9 has pushed the wires in the shed, the inserting pusher
is in the groove in the side of the guide box marked ', while the with-
drawing pusher has passed through the other groove h³ in the same side of
the box, and over the piece on the end of the wire to be withdrawn, being
forced down in the space on the other side of it by the spring, so that both
pushers are clear of the trough or groove h, which is then moved from the
groove for inserting to the groove for receiving the wire by the cam on the
tappet shaft, where it is held till the wire is withdrawn from the fabric

page_text: into it by the movement of the slide g, the point of the wire being drawn
clear of the box h. When the pusher 9 arrives at the end of the trough
or groove, a pin g', fixed in it, comes against an incline 6" forming on one
side of the trough or groove b, which causes it to lift clear of the groove.
The inserting pusher 9' now occupies a space in the corner of the hook /'
at the end of the trough or groove b, that side of it towards the hook
being cut away, so that when the cam moves it against the hook (which
it does when the pusher slide has arrived in this position), the pusher gⓇ is in
the centre of the groove, the corner of the hook forming one side of it. The
cam holds the trough in this position till the slide 9 has pushed the end of
the wire into the box h, the movements described being repeated for each
wire.
With the modification just described as it is shewn in the Drawing, the
shuttle box at the same side would still have to be detached from the slay,
but by a re-arrangement of the slides and other parts in somewhat similar
manner to the modification shewn by Figs. 9 and 10, this would not be
necessary, as room could be made for the shuttle box to pass under.
Sixthly, the improvements to be described under this division relate to self-
acting arrangements for letting out either the pile or body warp to be woven,
and consists in a bar or roller weighted so as to put the requisite tension on the
warp, but being free to movements or oscillations caused by the shedding of
the loom, and free to advance with the warp as it is taken up. The oscillations
of the bar or roller, when taking place at a certain fixed point, act upon a pawl
connected with a ratchet wheel that is fixed on a shaft which has on its end a
worm geering with a worm wheel on the warp roller, thus causing the warp
roller to uncoil the warp. If more warp is delivered than is taken up, the bar
or roller retires, and its oscillations cease to act on the ratchet wheel for a time,
which stops the letting off of the warp from the roller or beam till the taking
up of the fabric causes the oscillating bar or roller to advance, and again act
on the ratchet.
This arrangement is shewn in Fig. 19, Sheet 3. ț is a vertical shaft fixed
in bearings on the framing; t, worm geering with the worm wheel t² on the
warp beam t; t' is the oscillating bar or roller having its bearings on two
arms t from a shaft t", which has its bearings on the framing; a lever to from
this shaft is connected by a link ts with a cranked lever to, having its fulcrum
on a stud t* fixed on the framing, one arm of the lever having the weight upon
it by which the required tension is put upon the warp. The oscillations of the
lever to act upon an arm which is centred upon the shaft t, to which arm
the pawl is jointed that works in the ratchet wheel. A spring is employed to
B

page_text: give the back movement of the arm when acted upon by the oscillations of the
lever, a stop being fixed to prevent the spring bringing the arm back too far.
The lever in its oscillations will push against the arm when less warp is let off
than is taken up, and so revolve the ratchet, but when more is let off than
is taken up the lever will retire from the arm, and will not give sufficient action
upon it to revolve the ratchet till the surplus warp is taken up, which will
again cause the lever to approach the arın and act upon it. The crank or
weighted lever to, being in connection with the lever to, oscillates with it, and
rises and falls according as the quantity of warp let off is greater or less than
that taken up. A ratchet toothed quadrant s is attached to the cranked lever
to, and a pawl, jointed on a lever s¹, having its fulcrum on the same stud t*
as the cranked lever (t), takes into the teeth of the quadrant. The lever s¹ is
connected by a rod s³ with one of the slay swords (c), and will thus have
corresponding movements.
When the slay moves forward, the pawl will enter the teeth of the quadrant
and cause the cranked lever to pull at the lever t, to tighten the yarn at the
time the slay is beating up the weft, and the back movement of the slay will
bring an arm from the pawl on the lever s¹ against a projections on the frame,
which will cause it to be lifted out of the teeth of the quadrant, leaving the
lever to free to the oscillations produced by the movement of the healds.
Seventhly, the improvements to be described under this division of my
Specification relate to an arrangement for letting off the pile warp in looms
for weaving those fabrics in which the pattern is formed by jacquard apparatus,
and it consists in mounting each pile bobbin in arms or in a frame, in such
position that it will by its own gravity fall backwards (when not otherwise
acted upon) till it comes against a pin fixed in the creel, or a friction surface
attached to it, which pin or friction surface will also prevent the bobbin from
revolving, either by obstructing the passage of pins placed in the head of the
bobbin, or by the friction of the surface. The thread is weighted between the
bobbin and a bar, over which it is made to pass, the slack thread forming a
loop upon which the weight is hung. When the slack thread is all taken up,
the thread pulls the bobbin forward till the pin in the bobbin, which is against
the pin or other obstruction on the creel, is released from it, or till the bobbin
ceases to bear against the friction surface attached to it, at which moment the
bobbin begins to revolve, letting off the thread, and at the same time it falls
back against the pin in the creel or friction surface attached to it, which will
stop the letting off of the thread caused by the pull of the weight on the loop.
The arrangement described is shewn in Sheet 6: Fig. 34 being a plan;
Fig. 35, a side sectional view; u, bars of creel; u, bobbins, free in the arms

page_text: or frames u², having their fulcrums on bars ³, fixed to the under side of the
bars of the creel; u³, friction surfaces, against which bobbin rests; u³, bars on
upper side of creel, over which the threads pass from the bobbin; 2°, weights
hung on the loop of the thread.
Eighthly, the improvements to be described under this division relate to an
arrangement of jacquard apparatus employed for weaving certain descriptions
of pile fabrics, the principal object of which is to work the jacquard, so that
in such sheds, where all the pile warp is required to be risen, it may be done
without pattern cards for every such shed; and it consists in making the card
barrel to be struck against the ends of the needles by an independent cam
action, and to turn when required by an intermittent apparatus actuated from
some convenient moving part of the loom; or it consists in employing a card
or metal plate without holes, which is inserted between the barrel and the ends
of the needles by a cam action, so that when the barrel is moved forwards
towards the needles, the blank card or sheet is struck against the ends of the
needles, causing all the hooks to be taken by the " "griff."
It will be seen that the first arrangement alluded to for accomplishing the
object of this part of my Invention consists in working each part of the
jacquard from an independent source; that is, by moving the barrel to strike
against the needles when required from one source, turning it from a second,
and lifting the "griff" from a third source. I prefer to accomplish this from
three independent movements, though the object may be accomplished by two;
namely, by lifting the "griff" by one "cam," and moving the barrel to strike
upon the needles by another cam, the ordinary arrangement of pawls being
employed to turn the barrel from its own movements. In this arrangement the
threads will be lifted by the "griff" or "trap board," when not pushed on one
side by the card striking the needles. Figs. 20, 20%, and 36, Sheet 4 and 5,
shew the arrangement of jacquard above referred to (Fig. 20° being a side
sectional elevation, and Fig. 36 a side elevation). The bearings for the axis
of the card barrel w are fixed on bars w³, which are placed in bearings (w¹) so
as to permit the barrel to be slided to and from the needles. The axis of the
card barrel w extends through one of its bearings (w¹), and on it a bevil wheel
is fixed, which geers with another on a vertical shaft w³, the upper bearing of
which is made in the T form, one end being fitted into a hole in the bearing
(w) of the card barrel, so as to swivel to the reciprocating movements of the
barrel. The lower end of the shaft w³ fits into a footstep bearing w*, which
swivels on the axis of a stud, on which a bevil wheel is placed that geers with
a bevil wheel on the bottom of it (see Fig. 36). Intermittent movement is
conveyed to this bevil wheel from the tappet shaft produced by a star wheel

page_text: apparatus, the pin disc or plate of which must be divided into as many divisions
as there are picks to the round, and a pin must be placed to act on the star
wheel at those times at which the barrel is required to turn. With this
arrangement when the loom is reversed the card barrel will also be reversed.
The barrel is caused to strike against the ends of the needles when required
by a cam on the tappet shaft c, which acts against a bowl on a lever w³, having
its fulcrum on a bracket secured to the framing. This lever w³ is connected
by a rod w with a crank lever w³, having its fulcrum on a stud w³ in the
framing; a slot in the vertical arm of this lever takes on a pin in the bearing
(w) of the card barrel, and this gives to it the reciprocating movement. To
produce a parallel action on each bearing of the card barrel, a duplicate of
the cam, levers, and rods just described are employed on both sides of the
loom. The griff x may be fixed on an arm or lever a¹, having its fulcrum a³
in bearings on the framing, and lifted by arms a³ on a shaft æ, free in bearings
on the side frames. These arms have slots in their ends, into which pins take,
The shaft a
placed in arms or projections from each side of the griff x.
has the required movements imparted to it through an arm a on one end of
it, which is connected with a lever a³, carrying an anti-friction bowl working
against the cam on the tappet shaft e by a rod a jointed with both. It will
be seen, with the arrangement of jacquard described, that all the warp threads
in connection with it will be lifted by the "griff" when the barrel is not struck
against the needles.
The method of accomplishing this part of our Invention by a blank card or
sheet of metal interposed by a cam action between the barrel and the needles
is illustrated by Fig. 37. A jacquard apparatus to act in this manner must be
so arranged that the hooks or threads to be lifted will have to be forced by the
striking of the barrel on the ends of the needles into a position so as to be
caught by the "griff" or trap board. The card or sheet of metal y may be
hung by bands y¹ passing over pulleys y² on each side, the bands being in con-
nexion with a treadle worked by a cam on the tappet shaft. The card barrel
is revolved with this arrangement from an independent motion arranged similar
to that described in the first modification.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
modes in which it may be carried into effect; and claim as my Invention for
weaving pile fabrics,—
Firstly, the mode of constructing troughs described under this division.
Secondly, the arrangements for actuating the trough described under this
division.
Thirdly, the arrangements and combination of mechanism for receiving the

page_text: wires from the fabric, and delivering them to the trough for re-insertion,
described under this division.
Fourthly, the arrangements and combination of mechanism, and mode of
action, described under this division.
Fifthly, the arrangements and combination of mechanism, and mode of
action, described under this division.
Sixthly, the arrangements and method of letting off the warp to be woven,
described under this division.
Seventhly, the arrangements for letting off pile warp from bobbins, described
under this division.
Eighthly and lastly, the modes of working jacquard apparatus, described
under this division.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weild, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
WILLIAM WEILD. (L.D.)

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS OR MACHINERY FOR WEAVING
PILE FABRICS," bearing date the 7th day of March, 1855, and which
said Letters Patent and all interest therein have been duly assigned
to and are now vested in JOHN CROSSLEY, JOSEPH CROSSLEY, and,
Sir FRANCIS CROSSLEY, Baronet, all of Halifax, in the County of
York, Carpet Manufacturers.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Sir Francis
Crossley, as such Assignees as aforesaid pursuant to the Statutes in that
case made and provided.
WHEREAS doubts have been raised as to whether the Patent can be
supported for the improvements described under the first, second, and third
divisions or parts of the Specification by reason of the change in each case
being only a slight variation of the Invention for which previous Letters
Patent were granted to the said William Weild, we for this reason wish
to disclaim, and we do hereby disclaim all parts of the said Specification
which describe and claim the first, second, and third divisions or parts of
the Invention.

page_text: AND WHEREAS it has been objected that the sixth, seventh, and eighth
divisions or parts of the Invention were not new at the date of the said
Letters Patent, and as such divisions or parts are not of such importance
as to induce us to wish to retain them in the Patent, we, for these reasons
wish to disclaim, and we do hereby disclaim all parts of the said Specifi-
cation which relate to the said sixth, seventh, and eighth divisions or parts
of the Invention:
And further in order to prevent it being supposed that any claim is
made to the separate parts of the mechanism herein described, we alter
the said Specification by introducing into the paragraph immediately pre-
ceding the claiming clauses the following words, viz., I wish it to be
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named John Crossley,
Joseph Crossley, and Sir Francis Crossley, Baronet, to file in the Great Seal
Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates, the above-
written Amended Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.