Improvements in Electric Appliances for Boiling or Heating: Liquid
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th 'Aug. 1894
Complete Specification Left; 17th May, 1895-Accepted, 13th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION:
Improvements in Electric Appliances for Boiling or Heating:
Liquids:
I, FRIEDRICH, WILHELM SCHINDLER, Manufacturer, of Kennelbach near
Bregenz, Austria-Hungary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
-
This invention relates to that class of water heaters which are introduced into the
kettle or other receptacle containing the water to be heated and completely
surrounded by the same.
The improved apparatus chiefly comprises a heating wire or wires embedded in
parallel, straight, or circular grooves or canals of a heating body or block which is
a non-conductor of electricity and enclosed in a metallic capsule or casing; also
a tube through which are guided the leading-in and leading-out wires connected
with the said heating wires, said wires extending beyond the said tube or beyond
the handle connected with said tube, in order to form a junction with a pair of
supply wires or other source of electric current.
The details of construction vary according as the canals or grooves of the heating
body are arranged in the same plane or in different.planes.
The refractory heating body is preferably ring-shaped and contains annular
grooves embedded in its surface, or annular canals passing through the said body,
which may be made of one piece or composed of several parts.
The said annular heating body is enclosed in a casing composed of two halves
provided with annular flanges and screw joints. The lower half of the said casing
carries a diagonal hollow bridge piece which at one end communicates with the
interior of the said casing, while the opposite end is closed. This cross-piece or
hollow bridge contains a straight core of insulating material provided with several
canals (for instance three) each of which terminates in a short vertical hole situated
near the axis of the ring. To the upper surface of the said cross piece is joined an
axial tube containing also an insulating core. The said core communicates at the
lower end with the core of the bridge piece and contains axial ducts forming the
continuation of the canals or tubes in the core of the bridge piece. At the 'upper
end the said tube is bent off horizontally and carries a handle.
The heating wires may be plain metal threads, or spiral wires, or of any other
suitable description..
If the hollow bridge piece contains three canals, all the heating wires from the
same end of the ring enter the same canal of the bridge piece, while the wires from
the other end of the ring are divided into two groups, for instance three wires
entering the second canal and 5 wires the third canal.
These wires or groups of wires pass through the three canals of the bridge piece
through the axial tube and through the handle and are joined to three thicker
wires which are insulated and connected with a three-pole contact piece, adapted to
put either the first group or the second group or both in circuit, in order to regulate
the heating effect..
The refractory heating block may have the shape of a circular disc or plate, which
may be composed of two superposed halves or plates to facilitate the introduction
of the heating wire, the concentric or spiral shaped canals for the heating wire
being situated partly in the upper half and partly in the lower half or plate.

page_text: Or the refractory heating block may have the shape of a tube or hollow cylinder
connected at the open end with the hollow handle by a pair of tubes, which form
with the handle a kind of fork and have a core of refractory material through which
pass the wires. The tubular heating body is enclosed between an outer and an
inner metal casing and provided with longitudinal canals or perforations through
which the heating wires pass alternately up and down, so as to form a kind of zig-
zag course through the annular series of canals. The heating wire may be a plain
wire or a helix coiled upon a string of asbestos, or it may have any other suitable
shape. Each of the canals may, however, have a separate heating wire.
As
As in the previous examples, the heating wires are joined to the stronger supply
wires or conducting wires at a point outside the actual heating chamber.
mentioned above, the annular or the disc-shaped heating body is enclosed in a
metallic casing composed of an upper and a lower half, provided with flanges, and
these flanges are preferably pressed together by annular screw caps.
In the case of flat discs, the two halves of the casing may overlap each other and
form a screw joint.
In the case of annular heating bodies, the lower half of the casing may have in its
flanges circular grooves into which fit circular projections of the upper half, and
the two flanges may be pressed together by clamps, pins or screws.
Dated this 16th day of Avance 1004
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Electric Appliances for Boiling or Heating
Liquids.
I, FRIEDRICH WILHELM SCHINDLER, Manufacturer, of Kennelbach near
Bregenz, Austria Hungary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to that class of water heaters which are introduced into
the kettle or other receptacle containing the water to be heated and are completely
surrounded by the same.
The improved apparatus chiefly comprises a heating wire or wires embedded in
parallel (straight or curved) grooves or canals of a heating body or block which is
a non-conductor of electricity and enclosed in a metallic capsule or casing; also
a tube through which are guided the leading-in and leading-out wires connected
with the said heating wires, said wires extending beyond the said tube or beyond
the handle connected with the same, in order to form a junction with a pair of
supply wires or other source of electric current.
The details of construction vary according as the canals or grooves of the heating
body are arranged in the same plane or in different planes.
In the type represented by Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, the
refractory beating body a is ring shaped and contains annular canals b passing
through the said body, which may be made of one piece, as shown, or composed of
several parts.
The said annular body a is enclosed in a casing composed of two halves c³, c³,
provided with screw-threaded flange rings e¹² and screw-threaded rings d¹ d³, as
shown in detail by Fig. 12. The lower half c' of the said casing carries a diagonal
hollow bridge piece f which at one end communicates with the interior of the said
casing while the opposite end is closed, as shown by Fig. 2 which is a top view of
the lower half c'. This cross piece or hollow bridge ƒ contains a straight core i of

page_text: insulating material provided with several canals (for instance three h¹, h², h³,) each
of which terminates in a short vertical hole k¹, k², k³, situated near the axis of the
ring. To the slot in the upper surface of the said cross piece f is joined an axial
tube n containing also an insulating core m. The latter communicates at the lower
end with the core i of the bridge piece and contains axial ducts o¹ 02 03 forming the
continuation of the ducts 2 in the core of the bridge piece f. At the upper
end the said tube m is bent off horizontally and carries a handle
p.
Through each of the canals passes a heating wire (preferably made of platinum)
which may be a plain metal thread or a spiral wire, or of any other suitable
description. In Fig. 2 these wires are designated with
If the hollow bridge piece ƒ contains three cauals 1 ½³, all the heating wires
from the same end of the ring a enter the canal h¹ of the bridge piece, while the
wires from the other end y of the ring a are divided into two groups, for instance,
three wires entering the canal h³ and 5 wires the canal h².
These wires or groups of wires pass through the three canals of the bridge piece,
thence through the orifices k¹² ³ into the canals o¹ 02 03 and are then joined at z to
three thicker wires D1 D2 D3 which are insulated from each other and pass through
the handle p as shown by Fig. 1. These wires are connected with a three pole
contact piece, adapted to put either the first group or the second group or both in
circuit, in order to regulate the heating effect.
If there are 8 heating wires g and the wire D is connected with one end of all the
heating wires g, while the wire D2 is connected with the opposite ends of only
five and the wire D³ with the opposite ends of the remaining three heating wires,
either only three, or only 5 or all 8 heating wires may be put in circuit according to
the desired heating effect, and this is preferably done by means of a three pole
contact device as described in the Specification of my Patent No. 21435 of 1893.
If no regulation of the heating effect is required the wires coming out of the heat
body at y are united into one bundle, like the wires at and led through one
canal of the bridge f. In this case, the number of ducts h, orifices k and canals o is
reduced from three to two. It is evident, also, that the wires coming out of the
extremity y may be arranged in more than two groups.
It is important, to place the junction of the heating wires 9 with the thicker
wires D at a point situated outside the heating space, because the wires are
preferably made of copper, which easily oxidises and then makes a bad contact, if
they reach into the heating space.
In the modification represented by Figs. 3 and 4, the refractory heating block
has the shape of a circular disc or plate, which is composed of two superposed
halves or plates al a², to facilitate the formation of the canals serving to receive the
heating wire, the concentric or spiral shaped canals for the heating wire being
situated partly in the upper half and partly in the lower half or plate. The heating
wires may be connected in groups, as in the previous example, and leave the
heating block through the orifices kk2 k³. The handle and its connection with the
disc may be similar to that shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the casing corresponding to Fig. 2.
The tube m is shaped in such a manner, that one or more tubular water heaters
may be easily suspended in a bath or other liquid or receptacle, but if desired the
tube m may be provided with a handle p as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a tubular heater,
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the middle part of the tubular heater shown by
Fig. 5,
Fig. 6 is a section along line 2-2 of Fig. 5, and
Fig. 7 a section along line 1-1 of Fig. 5.
The annular heating block n³ is enclosed between a pair of metallic cylinders or
casings m³ m³ and provided with longitudinal canals of 08 07 08 for the heating wires
which pass upward and downward in zig-zag fashion. One end of the heating.
wires extends through the canals o o2 and is connected with the main wire D³,
while the other end of the said wires extends through the passages o³ o' to the main

page_text: and are insulating cores corresponding to those shown in the
previous examples.
The heating wire in this example and in the others may either be a plain thread or
a coil wound on an asbestos core.
The bifurcation of the holder n¹ m² has for its object, to leave at the upper end
of the heater an opening for the circulation of the water, which enters at m² and
flows out at e³.
Instead of a continuous heating wire passing consecutively through all the
longitudinal passages each passage 0, 0, 07, 08, may have a separate heating wire,
and the latter may be arranged in groups.as in the previous examples, one end of
all the heating wires being connected with the same main wire D, while the other
ends of the heating wires are connected with two or more main wires (D¹ D²).
The metallic casing for the refractory heating block which contains the heating
wire is so arranged, as to render the heating block easily accessible, without injury
to the casing. Such casings are shown in Fig. 3 and Figs. 9 to 12.
In Fig. 12 the annular casing consists of two parts c₁ c² provided with flanges.
Under the flanges of the part c¹ there is introduced a pair of screw threaded
rings d' d². On the flanges of 2 there are mounted a pair of flanged rings el e²,
which are also provided with internal screw threads fitting over the external screw
threads of the rings d' d².
By screwing together the parts d'e' and d² e² the parts c¹ c² are caused to approach
each other and to form a good joint, which may he made water tight by means of a
suitable packing inserted between the flanges.
In Fig. 9 the heating block has the shape of a circular plate, while the joint is
similar to that shown by Fig. 12. In Fig. 3 the upper and lower part of the
casing overlap each other and are secured together by a screw joint (g¹).
The same kind of joint as described with reference to Fig. 3 may be adopted
also in the case of the annular heating block shown by Fig. 1.
In the modification represented by Figs. 10 and 11, the upper and lower part of
the casing are secured together without screwing.
The flange of the upper half c² in Fig. 10 has a projecting ridge fitting into a
circular groove of the lower part c' and the two halves are held together by
clamps e, or by screw bolts or pins.
In Fig. 11 the flanges of the upper and lower half c c have flat faces, and are
held together by clamps e.
The various joints represented by the drawings may be applied to annular disc
shaped or tubular heaters. As the types represented by Figs. 10 and 11 do not
require a screw joint, they may be used also for heaters of elliptical, rectangular,
polygonal or irregular shape.
The screw rings d' d' shown in Figs. 9 and 12 may be omitted, and a screw
thread may be cut directly on the circumference of the flange of the lower half c
in which case the said 'flange would be,made thicker.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare, that what I
claim is
1. An electric liquid heater comprising in its construction a block of insulating
material having parallel canals or ducts for the heating wires, and a casing enclosing
the said block, substantially as described.
2. An electric liquid heater comprising in its construction an annular block, a of
insulating material having concentric ducts or canals for the heating wires, and a
casing enclosing the said block substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1
and 2.
3. An electric liquid 'heater comprising in its construction a shallow circular
plate of insulating material containing the ducts for the heating wires or two
superposed plates each of which contains a portion of the said,ducts, and a metallic
casing composed of two parts, substantially as described.

page_text: 4. In an electric liquid heater of the kind described above, a tubular heating
block n³ provided with longitudinal canals 08, 06, 07, 0%, for the heating wires,
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6.
5. In an electric liquid heater of the kind or type specified by clauses 1 to 4, the
combination of heating wires with main wires joined to the heating wire at a point
outside the heating chamber, substantially as described.
6. In electric liquid heaters of the kind or type specified by clauses 1 to 4,
cores i, or n n¹ n² made of insulating material, substantially as described.
7. In electric liquid heaters of the kind specified by clauses 1 to 4, heating wires
joined together at one end to form groups insulated from each other on their way
out of the apparatus, substantially as described.
8. In an electric heater of the kind specified above, a casing composed of two
flanged parts c¹² adapted to be pressed together by means of screw threaded
flange-rings el e2 with or without the aid of rings d' d², substantially as described.
9. In an electric liquid heater of the kind specified above, a metallic casing
composed of two halves (c' c³) having vertical rims or edges screwed one into the
other, substantially as described with reference to Fig. 3.
10. In an electric liquid heater of the kind specified above, a metallic casing
composed of two flanged balves fitting into each other by means of a ridge and
groove, and held together by means of clamps, screws or pins, substantially as
described with reference to Fig. 10.
11. In an electric liquid heater of the kind specified, a metallic casing composed
of two halves or parts having flat-faced flanges clamped together, substantially as
described with reference to Fig. 11.
Dated this 16th day of May 1895.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London, Agents.