Improvements in the Means of Forging Certain Articles of Metal, and in Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein,
Year: 1886

page_text: Improvements in the Means of Forging Certain Articles of
Metal, and in Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein,
such Improvements being Specially Applicable in the Case
of Ts and other Tube Fittings of a like Character, Plugs,
Flanges, Spouting Outlets, Hoes and other Edge Tools.
We, THOMAS LONGMORE, of Oxford Terrace, Pleck, Walsall, in the County of
Stafford, foreman of tube works, and JOHN TIBBITTS, of 57 South Street, Walsall,
aforesaid, fitting forger, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its chief object to roll tubular or hollow branches, sockets,
or eyes, required to project from articles of metal, such for instance as tubes,
spouting, flanges, hoes and other edge tools, and also to roll from metal bars hollow
plugs and articles of a like character.
The machinery employed, according to this invention, consists, in its simplest
form, of a pair of rolls having in the face of one roll a series of sinkings corre-
sponding in shape to the exterior of the required branches, sockets, eyes, plugs, or
analogous parts, and having on the face of the other roll punches or projections
corresponding in position with the recesses, aforesaid, and shaped to form the
interior of the required branches, sockets, eyes, plugs, or analogous parts, except for
a wad of metal which is afterwards punched out. The pair of rolls is geared to
revolve together, and as a bar or strip of metal is passed between them the punches
force out metal from the bar or strip into the recesses, thus forming branches or
sockets outwards from the face of the bar.
This invention is modified to some extent, according to the special purpose for
which it is to be employed; for instance, when employed in the manufacture of
T's, one of the rolls is grooved, and the recesses for the branches are formed in
the groove. A corresponding collar is formed around the other roll, and the
punches project from the collar. The metal strip to form the tubes from which
the branches are to project is formed to a trough shape at one end, and this end is
entered between the collar and groove of the rolls, and the strip is thus drawn
between the rolls and delivered as a skelp with the branches formed thereon.
The wads of metal at the ends of the branches are then punched out, and the skelp

page_text: is afterwards drawn through a skelping die to give it a tubular form, and is finally
welded upon a mandril between a pair of rolls. The tube is then cut off into
lengths, each with a branch projecting therefrom, thus forming T's.
In employing this invention in the manufacture of crosses, a double row of
recesses and punches is used in the rolls, the two rows being spaced such a distance
apart that when the branches are formed upon the strip, and the strip is turned
over to form a tube, the branches come opposite to one another. In this manner,
also, any number of branches may be formed around the tube.
In the case of flanges, the bosses are pressed outwards from the face of the bar
from which the flanges are afterwards cut off; and in the case of plugs, the plugs
themselves are forced from the bar into recesses of the proper shape, by means of
punches which form, also, the hollow parts of the plugs, and in this case it is
preferred to form part of the recess in each roll.
•
Drop spouts to spouting are formed substantially in the manner before-described
with reference to T's; and the eyes for hoes and other edge tools are formed in a
similar manner, but from flat bars.
In some cases, especially with larger sizes, we prefer to carry a punch in the
recess in addition to the punch which forces the metal into the recess, in which
case the wad of metal to be punched out occurs, not at one end of the eye or
socket, but intermediately therein.
Lock-nuts and articles of a similar character may also be made by this invention.
Dated the twenty second day of April 1886.

page_text: Flanges, Spouting Outlets, Hoes and other Edge Tools.
We THOMAS LONGMORE, of Oxford Terrace, Pleck, Walsall in the County of
Stafford, foreman of tube works and JOHN TIBBITTS of 57 South Street Walsall,
aforesaid, fitting forger do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This invention has for its chief object to roll tubular or hollow branches, sockets,
or eyes, required to project from articles of metal such for instance as tubes,
spouting, flanges hoes and other edge tools and also to roll from metal bars-hollow
plugs and articles of a like character.
.
The machinery employed according to this invention consists in its simplest form,
of a pair of rolls having in the face of one roll a series of sinkings corresponding
in shape to the exterior of the required branches, sockets, eyes, plugs or analagous
parts, and having on the face of the other roll-punches or projections corre-
sponding in position with the recesses, aforesaid, and shaped to form the interior
of the required branches, sockets, eyes, plugs or analagous parts, except. for a
wad of metal which is afterwards punched out.
The pair of rolls is geared to revolve together and as a bar or strip of metal is
passed between them-the punches force out metal from the bar or strip into the
recess, thus forming branches or sockets outward from the face of the bar.
This invention is modified to some extent according to the special purpose for
which it is to be employed, for instance when employed in the manufacture of T's,
one of the rolls is grooved, and the recesses for the branches are formed in the
groove a corresponding collar is formed around the other roll and the punches
project from the collar. The metal strip to form the tubes from which the branches
are to project is formed to a trough shape at one end, and this end is entered
between the collar and groove of the rolls, and the strip is thus drawn between
the rolls and delivered as a skelp with the branches formed thereon.
°
The wads of metal at the ends of the branches are then punched out, and the
skelp is afterwards drawn through a skelping die to give it a tubular form, and is
finally welded upon a mandrel between a pair of rolls. The tube is then cut off
into lengths each with a branch projecting therefrom thus forming T's.
In employing this invention in the manufacture of crosses a double row of recesses
and punches is used in the rolls, the two rows being spaced such a distance apart
that when the branches are formed upon the strip, and the strip is turned over-to
ر

page_text: form a tube-the branches come opposite to one another. In this manner also, any
number of branches may be formed around the tube.
In the case of flanges the bosses are pressed outwards from the face of the bar
from which the flanges are afterwards cut off; and in the case of plugs-the plugs
themselves are forced from the bar into recesses of the proper shape by means of
punches which form also the hollow parts of the plugs and in this case it is
preferred to form part of the recess in each roll.
Drop spouts to spouting are formed substantially in the manner before described
with reference to T's and the eyes for hoes and other edge tools are formed in a
similar manner but from flat bars.
In some cases especially with larger sizes we prefer to carry a punch in the
recess in addition to the punch which forces the metal into the recess, in which
case the wad of metal to be punched out, occurs not at the end of the eye or socket
but intermediately therein.
Lock nuts and articles of a similar character may also be made by this invention.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings
the manner in which our improved process is carried out.
Figures 1 &
represent a front view of a pair of top and bottom rollers in action
forming flanges with solid bosses.
Figures 3 & 4 represent an end view of figures 1 & 2.
Figures 5 & 6 represent a front view of a pair of top and bottom rollers for
forming recessed flanges.
.Figures 7 & 8 represent an end view of 5 & 6.
Figures 9 &.10 represent a front view of a pair of top and bottom rollers for
forming branches.
Figures 11 & 12 represent an end view of 9 & 10.
Figure 13 is a plan of the rolled metal q figure 10.
Figure 14 is a plan of the rolled metal figure 8.
Figure 15 represents a tube formed out of the rolled metal figure 13.
Figure 16 represents a cross piece cut out of the tube figure 15.
Figure 17 represents a pair of rolls forming a flange by means of two punches
one at top and one at the bottom.
Figure 18 represents a bottom roller and flange, the bottom roller being sunk as
represented at o fig. 19.
Figure 19 is a plan of 18.
Figure 20 represents a pair of rollers in contact rolling a gutter shape suitable
for T's or drop spouts.
Figure 21 is an end view of 20.
Figure 22 represents a section of the rolled gutter.
Figure 23 represents figure 22 formed into a T piece.
Figure 24 represents a pair of top and bottom rollers in action rolling plugs.
Figure 25 represents a pair of top and bottom rollers rolling plugs the punches
being formed solid on the top roller.
Figure 26 represents an end view of 25.
Figure 27 represents a string of plugs rolled as represented at 28 and 29.
Figure 28 represents a portion of a pair of top and bottom rollers in contact
rolling the string of plugs 27 at the square part.
Figure 29 is a sectional view of figure 28.
Figure 30 represents a portion of a pair of top and bottom rollers in contact
rolling the string of plugs figure 27 at the round part.
Figure 31 represents a sectional end view of 30.
Figure 32 is an end elevation of 27.
Figure 33 represents the surface of one of the rollers provided with sinkings to
correspond to figure 27.
Figure 34 represents an ordinary hoe suitable for agricultural purposes.
Figure 35 represents an end view of figure 34.
Figure 36 represents a plan of figure 34.

page_text: Figure 37 represents a portion of a pair of top and bottom rollers in action
rolling hoes sideways.
Figure 38 is an end view of 37.
Figure 39 represents a pair of top and bottom dies in action rolling hoes
endways.
Figure 40 is an end view of 39.
In making flanges we in some cases form the bosses or projections solid, in other
cases we pierce the bosses (excepting a thin wad).
In making flanges with solid bosses we provide a pair of rollers, as illustrated at
figures 1, 2, 3, 4. The periphery of the top roller would be smooth and continuous
as represented by the line a figures 1 & 3. The periphery of the bottom roller
would be provided with circular tapered sinkings as represented at 6 figures 2 & 4.
We take a suitable piece of iron or other metal which may be what is technically
called a bloom-or which may be a piece of finished metal-either round, flat, ribbed
or any other suitable section. We introduce this piece of metal through the rollers
as indicated at c figures 3 & 4. The transverse section of the rolled iron c is
indicated also at d figures 1 & 2: the long strip of flattened metal and projecting
bosses so produced is then cut into flanges by means of an ordinary press provided
with cutting tools.
In making sunk or pierced bosses we provide a number of punches projecting
from the top roller as represented at e figures 5 & 7. The bottom roller being
provided with circular sinkings as represented at f, figures 6 & 8 the metal having
been introduced between the rollers in the manner hereinbefore described in
reference to figures 3 & 4, would leave the rolls in the shape represented in trans-
verse section at g figure 6 in side elevation at h figure 8, and in plan j figure 14.
In some cases (especially when making large sizes of flanges) we prefer to use.
two punches, one at the top, and one at the bottom as represented at k and
figure 17.
We can also where found convenient use two punches in making small sizes.
The end view of figure 17 would correspond with figures 7 & 8 producing a long
strip similar to h, excepting that the wad of metal would in the case of the double
punch arrangement be situated in the centre n of the pierced opening.
In some cases in addition to sinking holes in the roller to form the projecting
bosses of the flange, we also sink a hole to form the periphery of the flange as
illustrated at o figures 18 and 19.
These extra sinkings can also be utilized at figures 2, 4, 6, 8 where the wad is
formed at the bottom; by adopting this extra sinking system the web p would be
reduced in thickness thus allowing greater convenience in removing the said web
or superfluous material; instead of sinking the recess in the bottom roller only-
we can sink it partly in the top and partly in the bottom.
In preparing material from which to form crosses we provide a pair of rollers
figures 9, 10, 11, 12.
On the top roller we form or secure two punches, and on the bottom roller we
make two sinkings, these punches and sinkings produce a web on which are
formed parallel bosses and sinkings as shewn in transverse section q figure 10 in
side elevation at r figure 12, and in plan at a figure 13.
The strip or length of web figure 13 would be placed under a punching
machine the wad or bottom "" would be punched out and the strip or web
folded over to form a tube figure 15, thus bringing the edge t over the edge u and
the branch over the branch s¹.
The edges t-u-figure 15 being then welded together would form a perfect tube
with branches projecting at regular intervals top and bottom, by cutting the tube
transversely between each pair of branches, cross pieces would be formed similar
to figure 16.
Instead of two punches on the top roll figure 9 we can provide four or more
punches and thus produce a web or strip that will fold over into a tube with four
or more branches projecting from its periphery.
J

page_text: •
In preparing material from which to form drop spouting or T pieces we provide
a pair of top and bottom rolls as indicated at figures 20 and 21-the bottom roll
is formed concave and the top roll convex producing a spout of the transverse
section shown at figure 22, the punches won the top roll may be formed on the
roll as indicated or may be screwed into the roll as indicated at figures 7 & 5.
The term drop spouting means a spout provided with a branch projecting
vertically to be utilised for conducting the water flowing horizontally along the
said spout.
When utilising our rolls figures 20, 21 for the making of the drop spouting,
we fix our punches w of such a distance apart that the length of spouting will
be provided with only one branch where required or several branches where
required.
In utilising the rolls figures 20, 21 to make T's we form or fix our punches on.
the top roller and the sinkings in the bottom roller of such a distance apart as to
produce T's of the ordinary dimensions-it will be observed that the section
figure 22 when rolled into a tube will form the T section figure 23.
The wad x would be punched out of the strip after leaving the roll before being
folded from the section 22 into the section 23, the edges of the strip t―u of
figures 13 and 15 would be left as shewn at tu figure 23 for butt joints and would
be beveled for lap joints..
. In making hollow plugs we sometimes form them vertically as shown at
figures 24, 25, 26, in such cases we prefer to provide a sinking in both the top
roller and the bottom roller as indicated.
In other cases we prefer to roll the plugs horizontally when so proceeding we.
sink on the periphery of the top roll impressions corresponding to one half of the
plugs and their shanks and on the bottom roll, the other half of the plugs and
their shanks.
Figure 28 shows a portion of a pair of rolls, formed to make the square shank
of the plugs, the area of the square plug being less than the area of the round
part we chamfer off the face of the rolls in the manner indicated at y figure 28
and y figure 33 to allow the extra material to escape.
In viewing figure 33 in the direction of the arrow, a vertical elevation is
represented, showing a portion of the top rollers, figures 28 and 30; the same
elevation would also represent a portion of the bottom rollers figures 29 or 31: in
order to identify figure 33 with the strip of plugs figure 27-the sinkings in
figure 33 are not foreshortened, the spaces being identical with the configuration
of figure 27.
In making hoes similar to figures 34, 35, 36 by our improved rolling process
(side ways) we proceed as bereinbefore described in reference to the other articles
Figure 37 represents partly in section and partly in vertical projection a portion
of a pair of rolls, is the space sunk to form the hoe a a is the punch formed in the
top roller, b b is the punch formed in the bottom roller.
Figure 38 represents an end view of 37 showing how a continuous string of hoes
are rolled out of a bar of metal-the projecting cutter cc on the top and on the
bottom rollers form the indents d d by means of which each separate hoe is
disconnected from the string.
In rolling, the hoes endways we provide sinkings as represented at figures 39
and 40, the hoes are marked in section at e e figures 39 and 40; although the
sinkings are marked in only one roller, yet we in some cases make them partly in
the top roller and partly in the bottom roller; the cutters or projections ƒ ƒ form
the indents g g by means of which the hoes are separated from each other.
The punches used in the rolls herein before described would all revolve in a
circle, the centre of which is the axis of the roll, we can therefore where required
allow for clearance by making the transverse section of the punch oval.
We vary the length of the said punches in accordance with the length of the
branch to be punched.

page_text: The T's, crosses and spouts can be made with solid bosses similar to c figure 3-
and afterwards punched out can also be made with a central wad by means of
top and bottom punches.
The hoes can be made with solid bosses or by means of one punch or by means
of a punch in the top roller and a punch in the bottom roller.
We do not confine ourselves to the exact method of securing the moveable
punches, illustrated, as we can secure them in the position by other equivalent
mechanical means.
The various views of top and bottom rolls accompanying this specification only.
show the working faces; in order to roll the web of a uniform width, we adopt
the usual method of forming side flanges, namely, by recessing the top and bottom
rolls into each other alternately; we can provide rolls say six feet in length and
then at every foot form the rolls of a different transverse section graduating from
a rough section at No. 1 until when the metal leaves the rolls at the fifth opening,
the said metal will be of a suitable configuration to pass into the last opening
where it would be pressed into the desired form by means of punches and sinkings
as herein before fully set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
The forging or making of flanges, T pieces, drop spouting crosses plugs and
other tube fittings, and also the forging or making of hoes and other such like
articles by the process of rolling through rolls, the rolls being provided with.
punches working into sinkings or recesses, and the recesses corresponding to the
external configuration of the fitting or other article required to be forged or made
as illustrated and described.