Improvements in the Manufacture of Knitted Pile Fabrics and in Apparatus to be Used therein.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st Aug., 1889-Accepted, 21st Sept., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Knitted Pile Fabrics and in
Apparatus to be Used therein.
We, ROBERT HENRY LENDRUM of 17 Wentworth Street Huddersfield in the
County of York Manufacturer and DAVID DYTCH of Netherthong near Hudders-
field aforesaid Foreman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
According to this invention we form upon a circular knitting machine a knitted
fabric with long loops standing out from one face in close contiguity one to the other
and looped or knitted in with the loops of which the groundwork of the fabric is formed
so that the threads of which the long loops are composed are firmly tied and held
where they are looped in together with the loops forming the ground. Afterwards
the loops standing out from the fabric are cut either by hand or by machine in the
way other pile fabrics are cut after being made.
To form the long loops over the fabric or over such portions of it as it is desired
to cover with pile we employ three or more threads each of which is if for example
four threads are used looped in with the ground work of the fabric at every fourth
needle and we arrange them so that each needle has in this way one of the threads
looped on to it.
In order that the loops which are to stand out from the fabric may be long enough
to form a pile of sufficient length we put the pile threads in to the needles by loop
wheels which form the threads into a loop at each space between the needles.
The wheels we use are what are known as plugged wheels which as the wheel is
putting the thread in to the needles close the beards of three consecutive needles so
that the thread is raised by the wheel up the outside of these beards to the tops of the
needles whilst every fourth needle is left unpressed and the thread is put under the
beard of this needle.
Four such wheels are used in succession for laying on the four pile threads one for
each thread.
The threads for making the groundwork of the fabric are now put in to the needles
or they may have been previously put in or they may be put in partly before and
partly after and if a backed pile cloth is wanted the backing may be laid on the
needles, the putting in of the pile threads and the groundwork of the fabric whether
backed or plain is made in the ordinary way by landing the old stitches on to the
beards of the needles when the presser wheel is closing them and then proceeding to
knock the old stitches over, which at the same time fastens in the part of the pile
threads which has been left under the needle beards.
The pile loops of the fabric are afterwards cut and the fabric submitted to the
ordinary processes used by finishers and dyers of pile fabrics.
Dated this ofth 1...
Nb1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Knitted Pile Fabrics and in
Apparatus to be Used therein.
We, ROBERT HENRY LENDRUM, of 17 Wentworth Street, Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Manufacturer, and DAVID DYTOH, of Netherthong, near Hudders-
field aforesaid, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
According to this invention we form upon a circular knitting machine a knitted

page_text: fabric with long loops standing out from one face in close contiguity one to the other
and looped or knitted in with the loops of which the groundwork of the fabric is
formed so that the threads of which the long loops are composed are firmly tied
and held where they are looped in together with the loops forming the ground.
Afterwards the loops standing out from the fabric may if desired be cut either by
hand or by machine in the way other pile fabrics are cut after being made.
To form the long loops over the fabric, or over such portions of it as it is desired
to cover with pile, we employ three or more threads, each of which is, (if for example
four threads are used) looped in with the groundwork of the fabric at every fourth
needle, and we arrange them so that each needle has in this way one of the threads
looped on to it.
In order that the loops which are to stand out from the fabric may be long enough
to form a pile of sufficient length we put the pile threads on to the needles by loop
wheels which form the threads into a loop at each space between the needles.
•
The wheels we use to make the pile loops are what are known as plugged loop
wheels, which, before they put the threads under the needle beards as ordinary loop
wheels do, close the beards and cause the yarn to rise up the front of the closed
beard instead of under it, thus setting it free when it comes to the top of the needles
and we arrange the plugged wheels so that they close the beards of three consecu-
tive needles so that the thread is raised by the wheel up the outside of these beards
to the tops of the needles whilst every fourth needle is left unpressed and the thread
is put under the beard of this needle.
Four such wheels are used in succession for laying on the four pile threads one for
each thread.
The threads for making the groundwork of the fabric are now put in to the
needles, or they may have been previously put in or they may be put in partly before
and partly after the putting in of the pile threads, and if a backed pile cloth is
wanted, the backing may be laid on the needles, before the putting in of the pile
threads, and the groundwork of the fabric whether backed or plain is made in the
ordinary way by landing the old stitches on to the beards of the needles when the
presser wheel is closing them and then proceeding to knock the old stitches over
which at the same time fastens in the part of the pile threads which has been left
under the needle beards.
The pile loops of the fabric are afterwards cut and the fabric submitted to the
ordinary processes used by finishers and dyers of pile fabrics.
Figure 1 is an elevation and Figure 2 a plan of so much of a circular knitting
machine adapted for forming pile fabrics in the above manner as is necessary to
show clearly the way in which we carry out our Invention. Figure 3 is a cross
section through the line A. B. Figure 2 and Figure 4 is an end view of one of the
plugged laying on wheels. This figure also illustrates the way in which the blades
of the wheel sink the thread into loops in the spaces between all of the needles.
Each wheel is in the arrangement shown formed with every fourth space between its
blades unplugged so that the pile loops extend over three needles and four wheels
have to. he used each to put in a pile thread and for one to be caught on to each
needle.
Figure 5 shews a plan view of part of a circular knitting machine with (six)
plugged wheels so that the pile loops extend over (five) needles.
In Figure 5 the wheel A. is simply a bladed wheel set above the needles K to
prevent the pile falling down the front of the needles as the push back takes the
work down. The next six wheels B are plugged wheels-every sixth space only
between the blades of each wheel being unplugged and the wheels are set at such a
distance apart that when each has laid its thread on to the needles each needle has
one thread caught below its beard as is clearly shown in Figures 2 and 5. A thread
eye C for guiding thread on to nibs of loop wheel is used with each of the
wheels B as shewn at Figure 3. The next two wheels D are ordinary loop wheels
for putting in threads for forming the ground or ordinary looped fabric-then comes
an ordinary divider wheel or loop equalizer E and then the beard presser F opposite

page_text: which and on the inside of the circle of needles being the ordinary landing wheel G
and then come two ordinary knocking over wheels HH. II are wires by which the
newly formed pile loops which are yet unfastened into the body of the cloth are
prevented from falling down in front of the needles. These wires are at one end
fixed to the brackets which carry the wheels.
In Figures 1 and 2 the parts are marked with the same letters of reference but
only the wheels for putting in the pile threads are shewn in these figures. The lines J
represent the pile threads layed on to the needles K. If desired patterns might be
formed in the cloth by say in a six wheel cloth leaving out one wheel, one needle
would be left empty or by varying the number of needles with regard to the blades
of the wheels both stripes and diagonals could be produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In the manufacture of knitted pile fabrics the formation of the pile loops by
three or more threads sunk into loops between every needle and if three threads
are used passed under the beard of every third needle only, or if more threads are
used then under the beard of every fourth or fifth or more according to the number
of threads used and with the threads so put in to the needles that one thread is held
under the beard of each needle substantially as described.
2. The manufacture of knitted pile fabrics substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The construction of apparatus for the manufacture of knitted pile fabrics with
a succession of plugged wheels for putting threads in to the needles for producing
the pile loops substantially in the manner herein described.
Dated this 21st day of August 1889.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents.