IM- PROVEMENTS IN SUGAR REFINING, AND IN THE CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arnold Budenberg, of the Firm of Schäffer and
Budenberg, of the City of Manchester, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SUGAR REFINING, AND IN THE CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES
EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A communication from abroad by Hermann
Priew, of Magdeburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
Sealed the 19th July 1872, and dated the 24th January 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arnold Budenberg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th January 1872.
.
. I, ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the Firm of Schäffer and Budenberg, of
5 the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR REFINING, AND IN THE CENTRIFUGAL
MACHINES EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows (a communication) :-
.
The object of this Invention is to produce more sugar from the raw
material than has hitherto been practicable, for which purpose. I take
the raw material in a thick liquid state from the mash tub or direct
from-the vacuum pan into the centrifugal machiné, which is provided

page_text: with a cover of peculiar construction, and forming a principal feature in
this Invention.
This cover is provided with a tube of wide area opening into and
surrounded by a double jacket or casing which is open to the atmosphere
at the top.
Steam is admitted into this jacket or casing, and is drawn into the
drum of the centrifugal machine along with a quantity of air which
enters through the open top, and mixes with the steam, whilst the syrup
contained in the raw material in the form of uncrystallised sugar is
driven or forced from the drum into the outer casing of the centrifugal
machine.
It will be readily apparent that this introduction of steam and air is
capable of removing the syrup from the crystals without dissolving
them, as is the case when water is introduced along with them, and
that by this means a considerably greater quantity of the first quality
of sugar is obtained, as also of the secondary products, which are of a
lighter colour, purer taste and odour, and attain to a higher degree of
polarisation.
•
These improvements do not necessitate any alteration of the existing
centrifugal machines, to which they may be applied, nor do they require
the machines to be stopped in order to introduce a fresh supply of the
raw material.
The process of sugar refining by the use of this Invention is simplified
and is performed in an easier and cleaner manner, whilst the use of
water is entirely dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Arnold
Budenberg in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th August 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARNOLD
BUDENBERG, of the Firm of Schäffer and Budenberg, of the City of
Manchester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-fifth

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Arnold Budenberg, Her special licence that I,.
the said Arnold Budenberg, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Arnold Budenberg, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR REFINING, AND IN
THE CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES EMPLOYED THEREIN," (a communication to me
from abroad by Hermann Priew, of Magdeburg, in the Kingdom of
Prussia,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arnold
Budenberg, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arnold Budenberg, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The object of this Invention is to produce more sugar from the raw
material than has hitherto been practicable, for which purpose I take
the raw material in a thick liquid state from the mash tub or direct
from the vacuum pan, into the centrifugal machine, which is provided
with a cover of peculiar construction, and forming a principal feature
in this Invention.
This cover is provided with a tube of wide area opening into and
surrounded by a double jacket or casing which is open to the atmosphere
at the top.
Steam is admitted into this jacket or casing, and is drawn into the
drum of the centrifugal machine along with a quantity of air which
enters through the open top and mixes with the steam, whilst the syrup
contained in the raw material in the form of uncrystallized sugar is
driven or forced from the drum into the outer casing of the centrifugal
machine.

page_text: It will be readily apparent that this introduction of steam and air is
capable of removing the syrup from the crystals without dissolving
them as is the case when water is introduced along with them, and that
by this means a considerably greater quantity of the first quality of
sugar is obtained as also of the secondry products, which are of a t
lighter colour, purer taste and odour, and attain to a higher degree of
polarisation.
These improvements do not necessitate any alteration of the existing
centrifugal machines, to which they may be applied, nor do they require
the machine to be stopped in order to introduce a fresh supply of the 1
raw material.
The process of sugar refining by the use of this Invention is simplified,
and is performed in an easier and cleaner manner, whilst the use of
water is entirely dispensed with.
In order that the said Invention may be the more readily seen and 1
understood I have hereunto annexed a Drawing illustrating the improve-
ments in centrifugal machines for sugar refining.
Fig. 1 is a front view, and Fig. 2 a side sectional view of two centri-
fugal machines fitted with covers in accordance with this Invention,
and shewing the method of introducing steam and air to the interior
of such machines.
A is a centrifugal machine of ordinary construction, provided with a
revolving drum or basket B, mounted in the usual manner; C is a cover
fitted on to the periphery or exterior of the centrifugal machine as illus-
trated and provided with a tube D of wide area opening into a jacket E, 1
which surrounds such tube and is open to the atmosphere through the
.short
open tube F. This cover, which alone constitutes the improvements
in centrifugal machines, is affixed to one extremity of a cord or chain G
passing over pulleys H, to the other extremity of which cord or chain
a: counterbalance weight I is attached for the purpose of facilitating a
the removal of such cover whilst emptying or filling the machine; J is
a 1-inch main steam pipe which is sufficient for supplying steam to
from six to eight machines, and is bent down in a syphon form, as illus-
trated at K, where a small cock L is connected for occasionally letting off
the condensed steam, and such main steam pipe is also provided with
a regulating stop valve M, and reducing valve N; O is a flexible tube
of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material, forming the com-
munication between the branch steam pipe P and the nozzle Q, which

page_text: opens into the interior of the jacket E, each branch steam pipe being
about -inch in diameter, and provided with a stop-cock R for regu..
lating the admission of steam separately to each machine; S is a pipe.
for allowing of the escape of any condensed steam which may be
produced in the jacket E, and which may be collected in any suitable
vessel, such as the bucket T.
The action of this Invention is as follows:-The cover C, of the:
machine being removed by simply pulling the cord or chain G. (when :
such cover will be suspended, as shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 2)
the raw material in a thick liquid state is taken from the receiver or
direct from the vacuum pan and introduced into the drum or cage B,
the cover C is then closed, and the drum B set in motion. Steam being
now turned on by the regulating valve M and reduced (to a sufficiently
low pressure not to overcome the centrifugal action of the drum, and
thus to escape at the top of the tube F) by the reducing valve N, passes
down the branch steam pipe P, through the stop-cock R, flexible tube O,
and nozzle Q, into the jacket or casing E, from whence it finds its way
down the tube D in the direction of the arrows into the interior of the
centrifugal machine, meanwhile becoming mixed with the atmospheric
air drawn through the short tube F. This presence of mixed steam and
air in the centrifugal machines has the effect of removing the syrup from
the, crystals, but does not dissolve the latter, as is the case when water
is used in the ordinary way; the result being that not only a greater
quantity of the first quality of sugar is obtained than has hitherto been
practicable, but also a greater quantity of the secondry products, which
are both of a lighter color, purer taste and odour, and attain to a higher
degree of polarisation.
By the application of this Invention the use of water in the centrifugal
machines is entirely dispensed with, and the process of sugar refining
is rendered simpler and cleaner.
It should be here remarked that the sides or periphery of the revolving
cage or drum of the centrifugal machines having this Invention applied
should be constructed with a finer mesh or sieve than when water is
used.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, together with the best methods with which I am
acquainted for carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details, relative

page_text: proportions or dimensions illustrated on the accompanying Drawing, as
the same may be considerably varied without departing from the Inven-
tion; but what I claim is,-
1st. The introduction of steam and air combined into centrifugal
machines, as and for the purposes herein-before described.
2nd. The use and application of a cover to centrifugal machines when
arranged and mounted, as and for the purposes herein-before described
and illustrated on the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arnold Budenberg, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.