matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES OR Cocks
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Porter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1859.
I, GEORGE PORTER, of the City of London, Smith and Gas Fitter, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES OR
Cocks," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the construction of valves or cocks for
stopping or regulating the flow of fluids, either hot or cold.
This cock is
formed in two halves, the inlet end and outlet, which are bolted or screwed
together with an interposed plate in which there is an opening corresponding
to the water way through the cock; at the back of this interposed plate there
is a sliding valve, which being moved up or down opens or closes the water
passage. A pin affixed to the sliding valve takes into a vertical slide rod, to
which motion may be given by means of a lever, screw, or other convenient
method. The pressure of the fluid behind the slide valve keeps it in close
contact with the face plate, while a very small amount of force suffices to move
the valve and open or close the passage. In the event of wear or accidental
injury, the interposed plate and slide valve can be easily and cheaply replaced,
when the cock is as good as at first, the main body of the cock never
requiring to be renewed. In a ball-cock the end of the ball lever takes into
and moves the slide rod and valve. Instead of permanently affixing the float
or ball to the end of the lever (as is usually done), the ball slides upon a

page_text: vertical rod with a set screw for fixing it at a suitable elevation to regulate
the water level in the cistern; this vertical rod has an eye which slides upon
the horizontal arm or lever with a set screw for regulating the leverage
of the ball.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Stephen Lukin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1859.
I, AUGUSTUS STEPHEN LUKIN, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING WINDOW BLINDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the maintenance of a more uniform degree
of tension in the ordinary cords which are employed in drawing window blinds,
and consists in the adaptation and application of a spring either in substitution
for or in combination with the ordinary blind racks, in such a manner as to
cause the elastic force of the spring to keep the cords constantly in the required
state of tension.
For this purpose the spring is fixed at one end to an inner tube, and
at the other end to an onter tube, the one tube being fixed to the window
frame or otherwise, and the other being moveable, and baving a cord pulley
connected with it. The mode of fixing the one tube and of connecting the
other with the cord may be varied. It is also immaterial whether the inner
or the outer tube be fixed, so long as the one is fixed and the other is
moveable either inside or outside of it, in the direction of its length. The
material of which the spring is composed may be varied. The moveable
tube may be dispensed with, and the pulley made to work in a slot in the fixed
tube, a pin or stud projecting inwards from the pulley to connect the spring

page_text: to; or the pulley may be attached to a rod sliding through the top of a fixed
tube, such rod being attached in any suitable manner to the spring contained
in the tube. The spring may also be applied to the ordinary blind rack by
connecting it to the ordinary cord pulley.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PROPELLING AND STEERING VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Reddie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February 1859.
I, JAMES REDDIE, of Colehill Lodge, Fulham, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF PROPELLING AND STEERING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the propulsion of boats or vessels by means of a
vibrating flexible paddle or rudder, the chief object being to avoid the use of
oars and a fixed or rigid rudder, and to enable boats to be propelled with less
manual exertion than is at present required for that purpose. In carrying
out this object I construct a flexible paddle of steel plates, or steel, or whale-
bone, or other elastic ribs, covered with gutta percha or other suitable flexible
material, so that it may possess the yielding property of the fishes' tail when
moved to and fro in the water. This flexible paddle I set up edgewise at the
stern of the vessel, and operate it by means of a rigid helm, which being
moved from right to left by manual or other power will act as a propeller
after the manner of the tail of a fish. To retard or stop the progress of the
vossel the bows may be provided with hinged leaves or fins, which may be let
down in the water or opened out so as to breast the stream; or the flexible
paddle or rudder may be made hollow with sides inclining outwards from the
upper edge thereof; the depression of this rudder further into the water may
be made to retard or stop the progress of the vessel. The flexible paddle or
rudder may be applied to both ends of a vessel to facilitate its propulsion in
opposite directions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS FOR RECESSING, CUTTING SLOTS, KEY-WAYS, AND COTTER-HOLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fothergill Batho and
Eugene Moritz Bauer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th May 1859.
We, WILLIAM FOTHERGILL BATHO and EUGENE MORITZ BAUER, of Salford,
near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRILLS FOR RECESSING, CUTTING SLOTS, KEY-WAYS, AND COTTER-HOLES," to be
as follows:-
For the purpose of recessing, cutting slots, key-ways, and cotter-holes, we
employ an improved drill or cutting tool, having three or more cutting edges
instead of two, as hitherto used for those purposes; and we form the cutting
edges by making spiral grooves on the exterior of the drill in connection with
a closed taper recess in the centre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN INTRODUCING PLAIN OR COLOURED WIRE UPON LACE OR OTHER FABRICS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ORNAMENTING THE SAME, OR FOR RUNNING ON AND STIFFENING CAPS, CAP BORDERS, OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Matthews at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1859.
I, LEONARD MATTHEWS, of No. 28, Fletcher Gate, in the Town and County
of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN
INTRODUCING PLAIN OR COLOURED WIRE UPON LACE OR OTHER FABRICS, FOR THE
PURPOSE OF ORNAMENTING THE SAME, OR FOR RUNNING ON AND STIFFENING CAPS,
CAP BORDERS, OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to machinery for introducing plain or coloured wire
upon lace or other fabrics, for the purpose of ornamenting the same, or for
running on and stiffening caps and cap borders, or for other similar purposes.
According to my present improvements I propose to employ in the said
machinery guides and springs for preventing the twisting of the wire when
being worked into the lace or other fabric, either when manufactured with
wire, or when wire is applied afterwards. And I also propose to employ
moveable directing bars, which serve to keep the fabric upon which the wire
is being worked in a proper position while being manufactured into caps, cap-
fronts, or other useful and ornamental articles. These parts operate in con-
junction with a groove and knife.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEESE VATS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Purnell Luff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1859.
I, THOMAS PURNELL LUFF, of Shepton Mallet, in the County of Somerset,
Estate Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEESE VATS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in cheese vats consists in making those
vessels or utensils of metals instead of wood, as used heretofore in cheese
vats. I refer to those vessels in which cheeses are pressed. I make them
of the proper form, with a loose shifting bottom and a disc or follower, to be
laid on the top of the cheese, and more or less perforated as required. I
make them usually of tin plate, but galvanized iron, tinned, or plated iron
or copper, or other suitable metals, may be used for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERBERATORY, PUDDLING, AND OTHER FURNACES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
October 1859. A communication from abroad by G. Dallemagne, of
Sclessin, Belgium.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERBERATORY, PUDDLING, AND OTHER FURNACES
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," (communicated to me from abroad
by G. Dallemagne, of Sclessin, Belgium,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in fixing each separate furnace bar in grooves made
for the purpose in the supports for the bars, and in providing an aperture or
apertures over the bars through which to introduce a rake, poker, or other
similar tool for the purpose of keeping the bars clean and free from clinker.
Hitherto the workman, having had access only to the under part of the bars,
has frequently been compelled to force the bars apart in order to free them
from clinker, thereby letting fall much unconsumed or only partially consumed
coal, and at the same time admitting a quantity of cold air to lower the tem-
perature of the furnace. By means of this Invention the workman will be
enabled to introduced a clearing tool through an aperture above the bars, and
by pushing aside the unconsumed or partially consumed fuel will save loss
thereof, and will get with facility at the bars themselves to clean them; the
apertures above the bars are closed by iron plates, and the working of the
furnace need not be stopped or interrupted while the bars are being cleaned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CLAY, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1859.-A communication from abroad. by Jean Marie
Rabier, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CLAY, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Jean Marie Rabier, of Paris,) to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates, firstly, to the treatment of clay; secondly, to a
method of moulding by compression; and, thirdly, to a new form of brick,
tile, and other like article.
Treatment of clay.-The clay freshly dug up is dried in the open air, and
the drying is hastened by mixing therewith dry powdered clay. The clay is
then crushed, and passed through a sieve. It is next damped, to transform
it from a powdery into a pasty state, in which it will not adhere to the mould,
and will yield readily to pressure.
Moulding by compression.-Clay is poured into a feed hopper, which com-
municates successively with one of several moulds arranged upon a platform,
the under surface of which is provided at its outer edge with a rack driven by

page_text: a toothed wheel, whereby rotary motion is imparted to the platform and
moulds. After each mould is filled, it is carried round to another portion of
the machine, where it receives pressure simultaneously, both above and below,
from pistons driven by cylinders or rollers; or the pressure may be effected by
jointed levers, hydraulic press, or otherwise. In some cases pressure from
above or from below may be dispensed with.
Formation of paving tiles.-I form these with an over-hanging top or
flange on all sides, so that when put together there shall be no space for
mortar or cement visible. The cement or mortar will be placed in the
hollow formed below the flange when two sides are laid together. I also make
circular tiles, to be combined, where desirable, with other shapes, to form
mosaic pavements.
Formation of bricks.-I form hollow bricks without visible apertures or
openings through them, by first making bricks in halves with hollow internal
spaces, and by uniting two such halves, to constitute a perfect brick, having
the appearance of a solid brick. I cause the two halves to unite, by paying
over the inner surfaces to be joined with some cement, which the heat of the
oven will cause to run, and ensure perfect adhesion between the halves.
Vents are formed to allow of the escape of heated air and gases generated in
the firing.
Another method of forming hollow bricks consists in making bricks with
two, three, or more open hollow spaces both at top and bottom of the brick.
The hollow spaces do not extend entirely through the brick as a solid partition
is left in the centre.
The articles produced as above described may be transferred directly from
the moulds to-the fire or to ovens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING, APPLICABLE TO PRINTING SURFACES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January.
1859.
I, ROBERT SMITH, of Beith, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Wright,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CASTING, APPLICABLE TO PRINTING SURFACES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to improved arrangements applicable in casting
various articles, and designed in part to facilitate the withdrawal of the
casting from the mould, and in part to facilitate the removal of superfluous
metal..
The Invention is advantageously applicable in the production of ornamental
printing surfaces by casting a metallic alloy in metal or other moulds, or in
moulds formed by burning the device or pattern into a wood block, and in
practising it for such purpose. According to one modification, a couple of
metal plates are placed over the surface of the wood mould or block, but at
such a distance from that surface as will give the required thickness of backing
to the cast plate. The plate nearer the wood block is very thin, whilst the
outer one is thicker. Coincident holes are made in both plates, and these holes
are tapered so as to be wider at the outside of the outer plate. The perforated
plates are covered by an outer plate or cover when a casting is being taken,
and the metal is poured in at one end or side, and passing through the holes
in the plates enters the interstices of the wood mould. The casting is iu

page_text: consequence firmly attached to the plates, and by means of them it can be
easily withdrawn from the wood mould, whilst after being so withdrawn the
thin inner plate can be shifted by a screw or otherwise in such a way as to cut
off the superfluous metal, and thus leave the back of the casting in a state
requiring little or no dressing, or instead of the inner perforated plate, the
apparatus may be provided with straight-edged or other cutting plate to
answer the same purpose.
The details may be modified in various ways to suit various forms of castings
for printing or other purposes, and various contrivances may be adopted for
fixing, withdrawing, and separating the plates.
AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND ANALOGOUS USES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonas Wells and William Clough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 26th January 1859.
We, JONAS WELLS, of Keighley, in the County of York, Brassfounder, and
WILLIAM CLOUGH, of Sutton, near Keighley, aforesaid, Millwright, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND ANALOGOUS USES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to permit of the coupling and un-
coupling of the carriages of a train without the risk attendant upon persons
having to go between the carriages to perform that service. For this purpose
we provide the carriages with a link at one end and a crook at the other, the
same being relatively fixed in such a position in all the carriages that are
intended to be coupled, that the links and crooks when brought together will
connect with facility. The nose or hooked end of the crook we form with an
incline, so that the link of the carriage that is to be coupled will slide up the
incline as the carriages are brought together, and will then drop over the hook
on to the bar of the crook and complete the connection. The crook and link
forming our improved coupling both work on a hinge joint formed with a
square shoulder, to preserve their horizontal position, and they may be applied
to the carriages either with or without springs, screws, &c., as may be thought
desirable. To disconnect the coupling, we apply a lever fixed to the side of-
the carriage and communicating with the link; it is only necessary that the

page_text: engineman gives a slight reverse motion to enable any man standing at the
side to make use of the lever, and the object is attained in a moment. The
improved coupling may be employed when required for other purposes than
that of connecting railway carriages together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PETTICOATS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Allen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1859.
I, THOMAS ALLEN, of Waingate, Sheffield, in the County of York, Clothier,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PETTICOATS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the manufacture of petticoats adapted for the distension of
ladies' dresses, hoops of gutta percha, whalebone, crinoline, or other material,
more or less elastic, have been used. I propose to dispense with these
materials, and form petticoats of the desired shape with cambric or other
woven fabric rendered air-tight by any of the processes at present in usc.
When so prepared, I propose to form air passages surrounding the body of
the petticoat, both vertically and horizontally, by coating the material with
india-rubber or other cement, and putting two thicknesses of material together,
or affixing air-tight strips in such manner that the air passages shall com-
municate with a mouthpiece, by which they may be all inflated and the
petticoat distended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHT- NING CONDUCTORS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1859.
I, WILLIAM HILL, of Coombe Haye, near Bath, in the County of Somerset,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHT-
NING CONDUCTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lightning conductors. In
constructing lightning conductors, according to this Invention, they are made
either in parallel or taper pieces of convenient length, and the sizes to diminish
from the bottom upwards; the pieces or sections of the conductor are each
made either solid or tubular, and they are connected the one to the other by
screws or other convenient means. A projection from the end of the one piece
or section, on which an external thread is cut, screwing into a socket having a
corresponding internal thread at the extremity of the other piece or section;
the lower end of the conductor fits into a suitable socket bedded in the earth,
and is continued several feet below the surface. Conductors constructed in
this manner should be erected at a short distance from the building they are
intended to protect, and they do not require any stays, as sufficient stability is.
obtained by making the conductor to taper as above explained.
AN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR FOR SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS, WHICH I DENOMINATE A HYDRO-ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Franklin Greenough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th May 1859.
I, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN GREENOUGH, of Boston, in the County of Suffolk,
Massachusetts, U. S. A., do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"AN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR FOR SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHS, WHICH I DENOMINATE
A HYDRO-ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR," to be as follows:-
I employ a tube of gutta percha, vulcanized india-rubber, or other waterproof
material, which shall contain and be impervious to water, and of sufficient
length for the purposes intended, and I fill the same with pure water. This
tube I submerge the distance the cable is to be laid, either before or after it is
filled, making its ends communicate with proper cups for receiving the electric
current from any sufficient electric telegraph apparatus; I thus make a conductor
of water to be used instead of metal, and pass the current through it in the same
way or in an analogous manner to that employed in metal conductors.
Το
protect the tube, I employ one or more wires of iron or other metal to sustain
its weight by binding the wire and tube together, or if found necessary a series
of straight metal wires may entirely surround the tube.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ABE APPLICABLE TO THE TRANSMISSION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Aveling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1859.
I, THOMAS AVELING, of Rochester, in the County of Kent, Agricultural
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ABE
APPLICABLE TO THE TRANSMISSION OF MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of taking up the slack in the
endless chains, bands, or belts employed in driving the running wheels of
traction and other locomotive engines, and consists in putting the axle of the
driven wheels of the engine into a slotted bearing, which will admit of such
axle being moved laterally so as to take up the slack of the chain when it
occurs.
Another part of this Invention relates to a peculiar construction of flat-
linked or open chain applicable generally to the transmission of motive power,
and consist in connecting each pair of flat links with an intermediate solid
link or block of the full width of the opening between the flat links; theso
solid links or blocks aro made of ordinary cast iron or of malleable cast iron,
and have the link or joint pins of the chain cast therein, these pins being made
of wrought iron or steel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CALCULATING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ritchie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1859.
I, CHARLES RITCHIE, of 143, the Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CALCULATING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a box or casing with a face-plate (like a dial),
upon which are circles graduated for different quantities of time, money,
goods, &c. Over this face-plato are two or more hands (like those of a clock),
which, actuated by the following arrangement of parts, internally point to the
given and required quantities or numbers as follows:-A lever carrying a
toothed rack at one extremity, and acting thereby on a pinion of or connected
with one of the hands, which is made thereby to point to the given amount
or quantity upon the graduated face-plate.
Secondly, the above lever is so constructed with a sliding part that it may
be either lengthened or shortened at pleasure, and so give more or less motion
to another toothed rack attached to a sliding bar, which bar has a transverse
slot for a pin or stud of the lever to act in. This second rack acts upon
suitable toothed wheelwork, for giving motion to the hand that points to the
required sum or quantity on the face-plate. Thus, if the first hand is set to
the given amount, the second one will point to the answer required. Instead
of the toothed racks and wheelwork above described, a chain may in either
case be used, which, passing round suitable pulleys, is fixed in the first case to

page_text: the end of the lever, and in the second case to the slotted bar, and thus give
motion to the respective hands. Also, in order to ensure greater distinctness,
more than one hand may be used for either or both of the above purposes,
as, for example, one hand for days, and another for smaller divisions of time,
and one hand for pounds or shillings, and another for smaller quantities
or divisions of money.
The above is a description of the nature of the Invention, the details
of which might probably be varied in practice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING GRAIN, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1859.
I, ROBERT LANE, of Cirencester, in the County of Gloucester, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MILLS FOR GRINDING GRAIN, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain mechanical appliances by the means of
which corn and other such like grain can be ground in a more speedy and
efficient manner than heretofore. I divide the distance from the edge of the
feed passage to the periphery of the runner into three nearly equal parts, the
outer part being the ordinary kind of burr stone, the second part or stout cast
iron ring having cavities cast therein in which thin square edged knives are
dropped obliquely, and secured therein by keys; these knives being placed in
such a position as to continue the lines of of furrows in the stone, and are also
placed a little within the surface of the stone. The third or inner part is a
circular roughed chill casting, also a little within the surface of the knives, but
having projections thereon level with the surface of the knives, and placed at
such an angle that as the corn or other grain is crushed between this chill
casting, and that in the bed stone, it is driven (by the projections) between
the knives where it is cut to a second degree of coarseness until it ultimately
reaches the stones when it is ground to the required degree of fineness.
In order to adjust the knives and stones, projections are formed on the
reverse side of the casting for hobling the knives, which projections have

page_text: vertical grooves formed therein, into which are placed the ends of metal arms
verging towards the centre, the ends in the grooves having right and left
handed screws passed through thein, so that by turning each screw half a
revolution or more the knives and stones can be adjusted to the greatest nicety.
For the purpose of forcing air between the knives and stones, I make vertical
openings or apertures in the runner over which I place air covers slightly
raised from the surface in in front thereof, but kept perfectly flat down against
the sides and back thereof, so that as the runner revolves, these covers catch
the air, and force it down the apertures among the grain; on the upper
surface of the runner I place a number of projections of plaister or other
suitable material on which rest a sliding cover, and around the periphery of the
stone I place a deep hoop having a vertical spout at one side thereof; these
projections are placed at such an angle that as the knives and stone rotate,
the flour dust is driven by the current of air out from the stone into the hoop,
and finally up the spout into a suitable receptacle, thus preventing wasto
of flour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWIST LACE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moritz Jacoby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1859.
I, MORITZ JACOBY, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWIST LACE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of twist
lace. For these purposes ordinary twist lace machines may be used, but the
warp threads and the carriage or bobbin threads are arranged to work as
hereafter explained, the object being to obtain meshes or ground and close
fining or weaving. There are as many carriage or bobbin threads as there
are warp threads, but in place of the pillars and crossings of the lace being
made with one warp thread and one bobbin thread, as has heretofore been the
case when using a like number of carriage and warp threads, the pillars for
the ground of the lace are each made by combining two carriage threads and
two warp threads, so that the lace will, in fact, be half the guage of the-
machine, or twice as coarse in the meshes as the machine would produce if
each pillar were made by simply uniting a carriage or bobbin thread round-
one warp thread. By thus combining four threads (two carriage or bobbin
threads and two warp threads) in producing the pillars and crossings of the
lace, the ground or meshes may be made comparatively open, whilst the
finings or weavings in the lace may be made closer in relation to the ground

page_text: than has heretofore been the case in laces produced in bobbin-net, or twist
lace machines; for it will readily be understood that when the two warp
threads and their two carriage or bobbin threads are spread out, they will
come more closely together than when only two or three threads are used in
making each of the pillars of the lace, as has heretofore been practised. It
should be remarked that, although it is preferred to work the extra bobbin
threads into the lace as well as in the finings or weavings, it will be evident,
from the above description, that lace machinery may be so worked as to leave
the extra carriage or bobbin threads out of the ground, two warp threads
being then used to one carriage or bobbin thread in making the pillars, and
the second or additional carriage or bobbin threads being employed in making
the finings or weavings only, the additional carriage threads being removed or
clipped off where the same come across the lace or ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harmer and William Parsons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th June 1859.
We, JOHN HARMER, of Wellington Villas, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, Gentleman, and WILLIAM PARSONS, of Scotland Street, Brighton, in
the County of Sussex, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new and improved method of capping fire-arms,
and consists in constructing the hammer of the gun hollow, or with a flat
groove therein in the direction of the length of said hammer. Into this, groove
we place the percussion caps, which, for the purposes of this Invention, we form
of a flat strip of thin metal, the edges whereof are bent over and jagged, so as
to act as a ratchet, as herein-after described. The aforesaid strip of metal is
covered on the under side with fulminating powder, and serves for about
twenty-six discharges of the gun. The act of cocking the gun pushes forward
one cap over the nipple, and the descent of the hammer first cuts off that
portion of the aforesaid flat strip of caps by a knife-edge formed on the nipple,
which said knife-edge also serves as a partition for effectually shutting off all
communication between the remaining portion of the strip of caps and that
just cut off, so that when the hammer strikes the loose cap or piece, ignition
of the strip is thus prevented. The means by which we advance or push
forward the strip of caps is as follows:-We fit a small bolt in a slanting hole
in the hammer, and so form said bolt, as that the upper end thereof takes into

page_text: the jagged parts of the strip of caps, and the lower end of said bolt projects
a little, so that in the act of pulling back the hammer, or "cocking" the gun,
this end of said bolt coming into contact with a fixed stop, forces the bolt up
and the strip of caps forward, the aforesaid notches or jags being formed at
such distances asunder as to advance only one cap forward each time the
gun is cocked. A spring pushes the bolt back ready to act again, and another
spring holds the strip of metal steady after it has been pushed forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS AND OTHER VITRIFIED SUB- STANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Balmain, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
August 1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BALMAIN, of St. Helen's, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS AND OTHER VITRIFIED SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to ensure the removal from the furnace or
pot in which the raw materials for forming glass are placed of each portion
of the glass mixture immediately it is vitrified, and thus to separate it from
the unvitrified mass. This object is attained in an open furnace by constructing
it with two beds, one horizontal or nearly so, on which the raw material is
introduced, and the other joining it (with an inclination of about one foot in
six, more or less) which removes the material as fast as it fluxes, and perfectly
vitrifies it by the time it has run from six to eight feet.
It may be found advantageous to have the inclination towards the fire, and
to make use of a blast. The process is conducted consecutively by repeated
introduction of material on the higher or horizontal bed, and constant removal
of the vitrified result in a stream from the bottom of the inclined bed. This
stream is received into water, and collected as cullet, or it may be allowed to
flow into a reservoir or pot, and there fine for direct use. If a pot is used, the
object is attained by making it of a somewhat conical form, and drawing off
the result at or near the bottom by an aperture kept hot to enable it to flow.

page_text: The advantages gained are an economy of fuel and labour, and an improve-
ment in the quality of the glass, on account of its being so short a time exposed
to a high heat, and these are attained by not allowing any finished glass to
bide the time of any unfinished as occurs in the ordinary processes to the great
consumption of fuel, and the retarding of the chemical changes which take
place at the time of fluxing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GIVING SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS & VESSELS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE USES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1859.
I, JoпN COOKE, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
GIVING SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS & VESSELS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE USES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention. is to give the necessary signals or sounds on
railways or at the different stations, on board of ships, or other places where
steam is not available, and is effected by the following means:-An air tight
vessel is employed having an opening and being made of sufficient strength to
resist an internal pressure of atmospheric air, which is forced therein by a
small air pump screwed into the orifice of the air chamber, the pump being
worked by a cranked axle, fly wheel, and winch handle, or other suitable means.
The vessel having been duly charged, the pump is either taken off and a
whistle inserted instead, or the whistle can be placed by the side of the pump
or otherwise, the escape of air being prevented by means of a valve in the
interior. When required to be used, the guards or railway officials can do so
by using an ordinary square key (such as is used for locking the carriage doors),
which, when turned forces a pin on to the valve and allows the air to escape and
give the necessary signal. The air chamber may be made of any convenient
form or size, and used either in a vertical or horizontal position. To ascertain
the pressure of air in the receiver a guage may be attached.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Howorth Baron, James
Wheater, and Lambert Tatley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th October 1859.
We, EDWARD HOWORTH BARON, Manager, and JAMES WHEATER, Mechanic,
both of Lee Mill, near Bacup, and LAMBERT TATLEY, Cotton Manufacturer,
of Crawshaw Booth, all in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our first improvement consists in a new mode of doffing the cotton or wool
or other fibrous material from the doffing cylinder. Instead of the reciprocating
doffer knife actuated by a crank or cranks usually employed, we make use of
an axis which revolves with a constant and equable rotatory motion. On this
axis are fixed one or more rows of doffer plates or combs, which are of the usual
and ordinary construction. When at work they are fixed so as just to clear
the wire on the doffing cylinder, but so as to strip the cotton or other fibrous
material from it in a straight and even manner.
Our second improvement consists in a mode of stopping the carding engine
whenever the sliver breaks at the drawing rollers at the head. This we effect
by means of a tumbler, which is held up to a fixing so long as the sliver
continues whole, but on the sliver breaking, the tumbler falls back and
detaches a catch, which lets go a spring or weight, which, by means of a lever
or slide throws the driving strap on to the loose pulley, and so stops the

page_text: working of the engine. We also vary this part of our Invention in the
following manner :-Instead of stopping entirely the motion of the engine, we
arrange the mechanism just described so as to stop the feed or supply of cotton
or other material to it. This is done by the lever or slide before mentioned
being connected to a catch box or toothed wheel (which conveys motion to the
feed rollers,) which, when the sliver breaks, by that means are thrown out of
gear, and the motion of the feed rollers stopped, when the supply of the cotton
or other material ceases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COVERING CRINOLINE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO BRAIDING FANCY PATTERNS FOR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert James at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd September
1859.
I, ROBERT JAMES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COVERING CRINOLINE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO BRAIDING
FANCY PATTERNS FOR OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements refer to those machines known in the trade as braiding
machines, and consist in causing the article to be braided to turn irregularly
or at intervals, as may be desired, in order to braid the material in curves or
other such devices. This I accomplish by means of pattern cams, or equi-
valent apparatus, such as a jacquard, may be employed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Claude Raymond Goude-
nove and Adolphe Feret at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th August 1859.-Partly a communication
from Marie Pierre Augustin Coquet, a person residing at Paris, Rue des
Trois Cornes, No. 39.
We, CHARLES CLAUDE RAYMOND GOUDENOVE and ADOLPHE FERET, both of
60, Rue Neuve St. Augustin, Paris, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in gas burners. In con-
structing gas burners according to our Invention, an enlargement or box is
formed below the orifice through which the gas escapes; this box is capable
of being unscrewed to admit of a porous disc being placed therein, and through
this porous disc the gas passes. This disc possesses the property of purifying
the gas, and regulating the prossure. The ingredients of which it is composed
are lime, sand, soda, and water, mixed together under pressure, moulded, and
indurated by heat. The disc is placed in the burner as above described, and
hermetically fixed by means of a cement, so that the gas is forced to pass
through it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES, TO ACT EITHER ALONE OR IN COM- BINATION WITH STEAM AND STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Alexander Maxwell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1859.
I, JOSEPH ALEXANDER MAXWELL, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES, TO ACT EITHER ALONE OR IN COM-
BINATION WITH STEAM AND STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to hydraulic engines working on the principle known
as the Barkers mill. In carrying out my improvements I prefer to use only
one jet or outlet arm in connection with the column of water furnishing the
motive power, and instead of allowing it at once to pass from the influence of
the rotating machine, I attach a circular trough or tube of much larger
capacity than the jet to the rotating part of the machine, being, as it were, a
continuation of the jet pipe in a circular direction round the centre of motion.
This circular channel is inclined, and, being a complete circle, terminates
immediately under the jet apperture, where the water escapes from it. Thus
the fluid actuating the machine escapes first at the jet apperture of the arm, is
received in the circular channel before described, and passing once round the
machine, and escapes finally into the receiver below, & exerts no further
influence on it. This receiving and retaining the escaping fluid in the channel,
as described, is attended with benificial results in the working of the machine,
and enhances the power derived, which is also increased by the use of one
escape arm only.

page_text: This machine may either be used alone as a generator of motive power for
any purpose, or in combination with a steam engine, in which the circular
channel with the body of water contained acts as a fly wheel, whereby the fly
wheel of the steam engine may be entirely or for the most part dispensed with.
I also work my improved hydraulic engine in combination with steam, using
that fluid to form a vacuum by condensation in a suitable chamber or vessel
whereby to raise the water to act again and again in the hydraulic engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Woodley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1859.
I, JOHN WOODLEY, of Church Row, Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex,
Cooper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SAWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon a former Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me, the said John Woodley, bearing
date the 5th March 1857, and numbered 648, for "Improvements in Sawing
Machines." The present Invention consists of a saw working between four
binding rollers, one pair clipping the wood at the top, and one pair at the
bottom; each pair of rollers expand and collapse equally and at the same time,
one pair not being allowed to move without the other pair on the opposite
side of the wood moving also. The top pair of the aforesaid rollers are to be
so arranged as to rise and fall to take any depth of wood; by this means the
wood is ensured being equally divided by the saw from top to bottom, not-
withstanding any difference of thickness of such parts; a flexible templet of
the following construction is intended to be used for cutting tongues, doublets,
or any curve required, for example, I take a thick piece of wood, and by
scoring or making saw cuts across it, I enable it to bend to the desired curve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEDS, COUCHES, AND INVALID OR OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pollock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1859.
I, JOSEPH POLLOCK, of Leeds, in the County of Yorkshire, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BEDS, COUCHES, AND INVALID OR OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in couches, hospital and invalid beds,
travelling and invalid carriages, ships' bunks, military ambulances, and other
similar articles, and consists in the adaptation to an ordinary bed or couch, or
to any suitable frame of wood or metal, of a moveable frame formed of four
unequal parts or divisions attached to each other by hinges or other suitable
means. One of these parts is attached permanently to the bedstead or frame,
and the remaining three are capable of being elevated or depressed to any
required angle by means of metallic or other toothed segments, which may be
fixed in any position by palls or pivots attached to the standing frame or
bedstead.
By means of the before-mentioned moveable frames and toothed segments
the portion of the moveable frame at the head of the standing frame may be
made to form a back or rest, which may be retained at any required elevation,
and a double incline for the knees, also at any required angle, may be formed
of the two moveable portions at the opposite end or foot of the standing frame
or of the bed or couch; or these portions may be so elevated as to form one

page_text: incline from the foot to the centre of the moveable frames of the bed or
couch, or, when fully extended horizontally, the whole will form a bed frame,
upon which the ordinary palliasse or mattress may be placed if required.