IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKBINDING, AND IN WEAVING MATERIALS USED IN Book- BINDING; APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER WEAVINGS, AND IN PREPARING FOR AND MAKING ALPHABETS FOR ACCOUNTS AND OTHER BOOKS, AND IN INKING TYPE THEREFOR, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN PREPARING SPRINKLED, GRANULATED, OB MOTTLED PAPER FOR BOOKBINDERS AND OTHERS; APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE EDGES OF BOOKS, AND IN GRAINING OR CHEQUERING RUSSIA AND OTHER LEATHER
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Mark
BINGLEY, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Stationer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, in the tenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto.
me, the said Mark Bingley, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Mark
Bingley, my exors, admňors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Mark
Bingley, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKBINDING, AND IN WEAVING MATERIALS USED IN Book-
BINDING; APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER WEAVINGS, AND IN PREPARING FOR AND
MAKING ALPHABETS FOR ACCOUNTS AND OTHER BOOKS, AND IN INKING TYPE
THEREFOR, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN PREPARING SPRINKLED, GRANULATED,
OB MOTTLED PAPER FOR BOOKBINDERS AND OTHERS; APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE
EDGES OF BOOKS, AND IN GRAINING OR CHEQUERING RUSSIA AND OTHER LEATHER;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Mark
Bingley, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said.

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
saine, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Mark Bingley, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon; that is to say :-
My Invention relates, first, to a mode of applying sides or lids and backs to
books in bookbinding.
Secondly, my Invention relates to weaving suitable fabrics with beads for
what are called head bands of books, by which a considerable saving will
result in performing that part of the manipulations of bookbinding which
consists of making a head band by hand. And this part of my Invention also
consists of an improvement in applying springs to shuttles used for such
weavings, and which improvement in shuttles is also applicable to other
weavings.
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Thirdly, my Invention relates to a mode of applying inking apparatus to
printing presses. And,
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Fourthly, my Invention relates to apparatus to be used in preparing
sprinkled; granulated, or:mottled paper.
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And in order that: my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect.I will proceed. to describe the means pursued by me.
1
In binding books as at. present practised; the various sheets forming the
leaves, having been: properly arranged, as is well understood, are sewn together,
at the back, there being pieces.iof: vellum or other material introduced at
intervals across the back, anderthese are secured thereto by the sewing, and
afterwards by gluing,.and" are: afterwards to assist in holding the covers to the
body of the book; and sometimes other additional bands are applied, commonly
called "clothing," as well as what: are called "under bands," to give addi-
tional strength. The back and sides are then applied, as is well understood in
the trade. And it is to this part of the process of bookbinding that my first
improvements apply. In preparing the sides or lids and back it is usual
entirely to cover the. back (which consists of millboard bent into a suitable
form), and also the sides on-lids, or partially to cover the sides or lids with
leather; vellum, or other material, inore or less expensive, which adds con-

page_text: siderably to the cost of the books, in proportion to the value of the material
"used as a covering or to the ornament applied thereto; while if the book is
frequently in use, as is the case 'more particularly with "ledgers" and other
account books, 'the covering soon wears away, and the book becomes injured.
Now, the object of this part of my Invention is: to form the back and the sides
"or lids of metal, or. tlie sides or lids may be of wood, or partly of nietal and
partly of wood, by which I obtain greater strength and greater cheapness in
the binding of books!
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Figure 1 shows a side view, Figure 2: an edge view, and Figure 3 a front
view; of a book, the back a of which is formed of a piece of galvanized-iron,
a material which I prefer to use for the purpose, though I do not confine
'myself to the use of the same, as in some cases I use other metals. The
sides or lids.b are of wood; bound with strips of brass or other metal. In
proceeding to cover a book, as shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3, I "forward"
it in the usual way till it is ready for "head banding;" I then either apply
head bands, according to the second part of my Invention, or the same may" be
applied in the ordinary and well-known maimer: The book is then to be
clothed" by again glueing the back and applying pieces of leather or other
material between the "slips" or pieces of vellum to which the book is sewn.
The sides or lids and back are now to be prepared, and I will suppose the sides or
Jids are to be of wood; and the back of iron; though I do not confine myself to
"the same. The metal is to be bent into a curved form to suit the curve of the
back of the book, and to bend forward a- little at the part a', say about one
eighth of an inch. The sides or lids are then secured to the back platè a by
nieans of slips of leather, or it may be vellum or other suitable flexible
material è. 'The flexible material e is secured to the back plate a 'by rivetting
(which mode of fixing a metal back to the hinge together with the metal
being the exterior material of which the back is formed, constitutes one of my
iniproveinents), and to the sides or lids by the bands d, which are also rivetted
to the boards b, and continue the whole length of the book, and the ends are
turned inwards, and serve to give additional strength to the wood formning the
sides or lids. In rivetting the bands' d I take care that some of the rivets-pass
through the "slips" and "clothing," by which the leaves will be securely-held
to the covers. Sometimes I apply more than one thickness of flexible material
to the part e, according to the strength required: I then apply the sides or
lils between the several thicknesses, as shewn at Figure 4. I also apply a
piece of metal f to the outer edge of the sides or lids, as shown. Figure 4
shows a section on an enlarged scale of part of a book such as shown at
Figures 1, 2, and 3.

page_text: Figure 5 shows a section of the back plate a separately. I sometimes,
instead of forming the hinge e of flexible material, apply a metal hinge to those
parts, as shewn at Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, where it will be seen that parts of
the hinge joints are formed by the turning over of the edges of the back, the
other parts being formed by the plates d; or I can make the hinges separate
of metal, and similar to those above described, and affix the iron or other
metal back by rivetting; and it is the mode of constructing and applying
hinges of metal to books which constitutes another of my improvements. I
would, however, remark, that sometimes I form the sides or lids entirely of
metal, secured by either of the above means to the back. In every case, in
applying metal to the back of books, I omit to cover such back, as has been
the case when metal backs have heretofore been used; and the metal may be
painted, japanned, or otherwise ornamented, as is well understood.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which relates to the
manufacture of head band for books. It is well known that in binding books
what are called head bands are applied, which consists of a strip of vellum,
paper, or other material, which is progressively worked on to the end of a
book by means of a needle and silk (in some cases several different colored
silks), by which means the workman covers and fastens the narrow strip of
material to the book, and at the same time covers the strip of material with
the silk, and in the act of doing so what is called a bead is produced,
which projects beyond the general or upper surface of the covered strip of
material, and this bead lies on the surface of the paper, all which is well
understood; and head bands to books have in some cases been produced by
glueing a piece of woven fabric over a similar strip of flexible material in
such manner as to inclose the strip, and then such strip of material covered
with woven fabric has been glued to a book. Now this part of my Invention
consists of so weaving a fabric that one part may be of inferior or inexpensive
material, so far as the same is stuck on to the back of a book, whilst
the other part which forms the head band may be of silk and have a bead
produced in the act of weaving. The order in which the warp is arranged and
worked for making head bands for bookbinding may be varied, but I have at
Figure Z shown the manner in which the loom (which is a broad loom with
an engine batten) is worked by me, and a weaver will from such figure readily
understand how the same is to be worked; but he may vary the same, as this
part of my Invention is not confined to the tie shown at Figure Z, but consists
of weaving a fabric having one portion of any suitable yarn so as to be stuck
to a book and be out of sight, the other woven part standing off from the
head of the book as a head band, and having produced in the act of weaving

page_text: a bead, and such head band and its bead may be of silk yarn or yarn
of other suitable material. According to this second part of my Invention I
find it very advantageous to use shuttles with springs applied of india rubber
("vulcanized" or otherwise acted on or converted so as not to be materially
affected by the temperature, as is now well understood), as I am thereby
enabled more readily to regulate the pressure upon the bobbin than by the
present arrangement of spring for that purpose. The plan at present in use
for increasing or diminishing the pressure upon the bobbin is by bending to
give more or less curvature to the spring which presses thereon. Figures
10, 11, 12, and 13 shew various views of my improved shuttle to be used
in weaving the material described under the second part of my Invention,
and for other weavings. a is the bobbin which revolves upon a wire a', as is
usual, and is pressed on by the bent lover b, the bent part 6' of which passes
through a hole in a piece of india rubber (caoutchouc) c, prepared as before
referred to, and the piece of india rubber c is attached to a piece of silk or
other thread, which passes under the plate d, and back through a hole, thence
to the end of the wire e to which it is secured; and by the wire e being caused
to turn stiffly in the body of the shuttle, when the wire e is turned in one or
other direction the piece of india rubber c will be distended or allowed to
collapse, thus increasing or diminishing the strain on the instrument b, and
consequently on the bobbin a to prevent its unwinding too freely.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which consists of a mode
of applying inking apparatus to the inking of type set up in printing presses.
The inking of type in printing presses, as at present practised, is generally
accomplished by one person, who applies the same by means of an inking
roller held in the bands, while another person removes the printed sheet and
applies another sheet to be printed and takes the impression; thus two persons
are employed to each press, or if only one person does the whole much time
is lost. Now this part of my improvements consists of a mode of arranging
mechanical parts in connection with a printing press, so that the inking of the
type as well as the working of the press may be readily accomplished by one
person. And I would state that I aware of its having been proposed to apply
self-acting inking apparatus to printing presses, and a Patent was some years
since taken out for a mode of doing the same, but as in that case the whole
apparatus had to be worked by the turning of the "rounce," great additional
power was required to turn the rounce handle, and as far as I have been able
to learn the Invention never came into general use. It will, however, be
seen by reference to Figures 14, 15, & 16, which show various views of so
much of a print ng press with inking apparatus in connection therewith as will

page_text: serve to illustrate the nature of this part of my Invention, that by separating
the mechanical operation of laying the ink on to the type from that which
goes to-work the press (which constitutes the novelty of this part of: my Inven-
tion, I have succeeded in arranging parts in connection with a printing press,
so that the operations of working the press, changing the paper, and inking
the type may readily and casily be performed by one person; but that this
may be more clearly scen I will proceed to describe the Figures of the
Drawings more in detail. a, a, shows the framing of an ordinary prèss; is
the platten plate; c is the bar handle; & is the type table; and e is the tym-
pane. The type table is worked backwards and forwards by the "rounce" f,
as is well understood. f¹ is the rounce handle; 9, 9, is the framing of the
inking apparatus, carrying a series of rollers h, i, j, k, l. The roller is
placed in the ink trough h, and is caused to make a partial rotation
each time of working the press by means of the cord h³, one end of
which is attached to the handle cand the other end is attached to the
plate which is constantly borne downwards by the spring *, and when
the handle c is brought forwards so as to produce pressure on the type the
plate h³ is raised, and when the handle c goes back again the plate ³ is
carried back again by its spring, and when the plate ³ is.being raised the part
³ acts upon the ratchet wheel ho on the axis of the roller h, so as to give to it
a partial rotation and bring up a fresh supply of ink. m is a doctor to regu-
late the quantity so taken up. is a distributing-roller, for the purpose
of carrying ink up as may be required at intervals to the distributing roller j
For this, purpose the. roller i is carried by the frame, which turns upon
axes, and has a handle suitably placed, to be readily acted'
upon by the
workman, who, by tilting it into the position indicated by the dotted lines,
distributes ink on to the roller j, which is caused to revolve by contact with
the roller k, upon one end of the.axis of which is placed the drum k', around
which passes a cord the ends of which are affixed to the rounce ou
the axis f, whereby the roller k is caused to revolve and distribute its ink on
to the inking roller Z during the revolution of the "rounce." The distributing
roller should have screw threads formed upon its axis, so that as it revolves
in one direction, and then in the other, it may have a tendency to move in a
direction lengthwise of its axis, and thereby better distribute the ink. The
inking roller is carried by the frame o, by which it is capable of being brought
over the type on the type table, and into the position indicated by the red
lines in Figures 14 & 16. This is accomplished by means of the lever P in
the following manner:-) The lever p turns upon a hinge at p³, and to it is
secured the cord g, which passes around the drum on the axis r³, on which

page_text: is also affixed. the drum t. To this, drum is affixed the cord u, one end of
which is affixed, to the frame o of the inking roller, so that by depressing the
lever p (which may be done by the foot of the workman while he is changing
the paper on the tympane) the inking roller will be brought into the position.
indicated by the red lines. o' is a stop on the frame o, which when the press!
is in action is borne against by the lever v, in order to prevent the frame o
and inking roller ? coming forward as it might otherwise do by the friction
caused on the surface of the roller by the turning of the roller k during the
working of the press. When the type table is withdrawn from under the;
press and the tympane is raised, as shown in the Drawing, for the purpose of
changing the paper thereon, the weight e' of the tympane comes against the
bent arm of lever v, and removes the upper end out of the way of the stop o',
so as to allow of the inking roller coming forward to ink the type.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, a side view, a section,
and a front view, of apparatus,, according to which is shown in Figures
17, 18, & 19. a; a, is the frame of the apparatus. 6 is a trough to contain
the colour to be used in sprinkling, granulating, and mottling. c is a roller-
revolving in the trough 6 and carrying up color to the brush d, on the axis
of which is affixed the handle d¹ by which the same is caused to revolve,.
and the two axles c and d are geared together by toothed wheels, as shewn..
The brush is caused to revolve in the direction of the arrow, and being pressed
on by the plate f (the degree of pressure on which is capable of being regu-
lated by the screw 9) as it revolves, the bristles becoming released from the
pressure of the plate f they throw forward the colouring matter on to the.
paper or other surface, such as the edges of books or otherwise, to produce a
sprinkled, granulated, or mottled appearance. The apparatus shown is suitable
only for one colour, but similar apparatus may be arranged with more than one
trough 6 and roller ċ placed side by side, and each having a different colour,
whereby a variegated, sprinkled, granulated, or mottled appearance may be
produced. The straps h, h, are for passing over the neck and the strap i for
going round the waists, so as to fasten the apparatus in front of a person
using it, who will then set it in motion by his right hand, and it may be
steadied by the left hand holding the handle i. k is a stirrer to keep the
colour in the trough 6 mixed; it is set in motion by means of an excentricl
on the axis c, as is shown.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the details as herein described, provided the peculiar
character of either part of my Invention be retained. But what I claim is,-

page_text: First, the improvements in bookbinding herein described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of making by weaving head bands used in
binding books. And I also claim the mode of obtaining the requisite pressure
to the weft in shuttles for weaving such head bands and for weaving other
fabrics.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of inking type when printing. And,
Fourthly, I claim the mode of arranging apparatus for sprinkling color,
whereby a roller or rollers is caused to bring up color to a revolving sprinkling
brush or brushes, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mark Bingley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousan eight hundred and forty-sovou
MARD (L.8.) DINGLEY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid Mark Bingley came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.

page_text: Shird, Heard black Silk to stiffen the Body; fourth - Bead. – fifth Gum silks
to stiffen the Bead and the Flag Cotton (or that portion which is to be stuck
to the book) is on a Rolla by itself.
The entry in the reeds is as follows The flag has Awenty eight cottony_
threadé one in a dent.
The Bead has forty wilk threads and forty gum silk which are divided
equally and entered into four dink as follows three of which are in the three
contiguous dents of the flag and one beyond in the dent in which the body
begins.
The number of threads in the body must be regulated by the width of the
work required but the proportion is about twenty silk threads and twenty.
hard black silk threads to a dent but this must be regulated by the richness,
required it begins with the last dent of the bead.
The Top has forty threads divided in three beginning with the last dent
of the body I use No 16 mending Cotton for shute the large bands require
two threads the small only one.