IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING, DISINTEGRATING, GRINDING, OR PULVERIZING, MIXING AND 2 CHATRIN ST LENA LDRETHR AND FOR CRUSHING, DISINTEGRATING, GRINDING, OR FULVERIZING, MIXING SITTING OR SCREENING, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO OTHER MACHINERY."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Ernest Sherwin, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CRUSHING, DISINTEGRATING, GRINDING, OR PULVERIZING, MIXING AND
2
CHATRIN ST LENA
LDRETHR
AND
FOR CRUSHING, DISINTEGRATING, GRINDING, OR FULVERIZING, MIXING
SITTING OR SCREENING, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED
TO OTHER MACHINERY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Ernest Sherwin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1880.
GEORGE ERNEST SHERWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING, DISINTEGRATING,
GRINDING, OR PULVERIZING, MIXING AND SIFTING OR SCREENING, PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO OTHER MACHINERY."
My improvements relate principally to machinery of the kind described and
represented in the Specifications of Letters Patent granted to me, bearing date
December 30th, 1876, No. 5056, and other Letters Patent granted to me, bearing
date February 5, 1878, No. 473.
When the material to be operated upon is in large pieces it is desirable to reduce
their size by a preliminary treatment before introducing it into the disintegrator
or pulverizer. For this purpose I employ a machine constructed essentially as
follows:-One or more pairs of rollers, either plain, fluted, or toothed, are mounted
on separate axes, each axis having a worm wheel, with which worm wheels a
worm driven by steam or other motive power gears and communicates to the said
rollers a rotary motion. The axes of the rollers run in bearings, which are made
interchangeable by forming the top and bottom brasses exactly alike, and fixing
them in their places by means of studs or bosses. When motion is given to the
worm shaft by a pulley and belt I prefer to form the pulley of a circular disc or
plate instead of radial arms, the peripheral portion of the pulley being secured to
the said disc by brazing, soldering, or welding, or by mechanical means.
The material to be operated upon having been roughly broken by the machine
described it is fed into the disintegrator or pulverizer to be further reduced. The
disintegrator is of the kind described in the Specifications of the Patents herein

page_text: before referred to, excepting that when wet or sticky materials have to be operated
upon I prefer to form the screens of triangular bars so placed that the openings
between them are parallel to the path of the beaters instead of at right angles
thereto.
The pulverizer consists of a ball or roller running on a pivot secured to a
spindle. This spindle passes through a central shaft, to which motion is first
imparted. The roller runs over a plain circular casing, between which and the
roller the material is pulverized. Both the disintegrator and pulverizer may be
contained within a rotary screen and elevator. The material falling onto the
screen from the disintegrator or pulverizer is sifted, and the particles too large to
fall through the screen are returned into the machine for further reduction,
When it is desired to reduce and separate the material to two or more degrees
of fineness I place a second screen under the screen and clevator already referred to,
the first screen delivering the material into the second or under screen in the
largest desired size. The under screen may be spiral, taking the material at its
centre and delivering the most finely reduced material at its sides, and the less
finely reduced material at its circumference, or the reverse.
For some substances I prefer to use a flat under screen in place of a spiral one,
the said flat screen being placed under the upper one, and inclined in a different
direction. The material delivered at the lower end of the top screen falls onto the
upper end of the bottom screen, the material falling through the top screen being
received on a platform between the two screens.
I prefer to place both the top and bottom screens on hinges, so that they may
be adjusted to any required angle, and in some cases I give a vibratory motion to
the screens.
I employ feed hoppers with the reducing machines, which feed hoppers may be
made automatic. In some cases I fix the machines so as to dispense with hand
labour, that is, the preliminary reducing rollers may be fixed over or near to the
pulverizer or disintegrator, forming there with one machine, the material falling
by gravitation into the said machine, or being conveyed to it mechanically as it
leaves the preliminary reducing or crushing rollers. When it is wished to reduce
and mix two or more materials I use two of the crushing machines described, and
convey the reduced material into a mixing machine, consisting essentially of a
vertical spindle or shaft carrying two or more horizontal dises arranged one above
the other, the diameter of the said discs gradually increasing from the highest to
the lowest. Beaters or vanes are arranged on the said discs, and the combined
discs and beaters are made to revolve within a casing serrated on its inner surface.
The material falling upon the smallest top disc is projected by the beaters or vaues
of the said disc against the inner side of the case. The material then falls upon
the second disc a short distance from its centre, and is again projected against the
casing. This action is repeated until the material reaches the bottom of the
machine, where it is delivered into a receptacle.
This machine may be used for reducing alone, or for reducing and mixing.
My several improvements may be used conjointly or in different combinations
suited to the particular physical properties of the material to be operated upon.
The improved construction of pulley herein described may be used generally in
place of pulleys of the ordinary construction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Ernest Sherwin in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
24th November 1880.
GEORGE ERNEST SHERWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING, DISINTEGRATING,
GRINDING, OR PULVERIZING, MIXING AND SIFTING OR SOREENING, PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO OTHER MACHINERY."
My improvements relate principally to machinery of the kind described and
represented in the Specifications of Letters Patent granted to me bearing date
December 30th, 1876, No. 5056, and other Letters Patent granted to me bearing
date February 5th, 1878, No. 473.
When the material to be operated upon is in large pieces, it is desirable to reduce
their size by a preliminary treatment before introducing it into the disintegrator
or pulverizer. For this purpose I employ a machine constructed essentially as
follows:-One or more pairs of rollers, either plain, fluted, or toothed, are mounted
on separate axes, each axis having a worm wheel, with which worm wheels worms
driven by steam or other motive power gear, and communicate to the said
rollers a rotary motion. The axes of the rollers run in bearings, which are made
interchangeable by forming the top and bottom brasses exactly alike, and fixing
them in their places by means of studs or bosses. When motion is given to the
worm shaft by a pulley and belt, I prefer to form the pulley of a circular disc or
plate instead of radial arms, the peripheral portion of the pulley being secured
to the said disc by brazing, soldering, or welding, or by mechanical means.
The material to be operated upon having been roughly broken by the machine
described, it is fed into the disintegrator or pulverizer to be further reduced. The
disintegrator is of the kind described in the Specifications of the Patents herein
before referred to, excepting that when wet or sticky materials have to be operated
upon I prefer to form the screens of triangular bars so placed that the openings
between them are parallel to the path of the beaters instead of at right angles
thereto.
The pulverizer consists of a ball or roller running on a pivot secured to a spindle.
This spindle passes through a central shaft to which motion is first imparted. The
roller runs over a plain circular casing, between which and the roller the material
is pulverized. Both the disintegrator and pulverizer may be contained within a
rotary screen and elevator. The material falling on to the screen from the
disintegrator or pulverizer is sifted, and the particles too large to fall through the
screen are returned into the machine for further reduction.
When it is desired to reduce and separate the material to two or more degrees of
fineness I place a second screen under the screen and elevator already referred to,
the first screen delivering the material into the second or under screen in the largest
desired size. The under screen may be spiral, taking the material at its centre and
delivering the most finely reduced material at its sides, and the less finely reduced
material at its circumference, or the reverse.
For some substances I prefer to use a flat under screen in place of a spiral one,
the said flat screen being placed under the upper one, and inclined in a different
direction. The material delivered at the lower end of the top screen falls onto the
upper end of the bottom screen, the material falling through the top screen being
received on a platform between the two screens.
I prefer to place both the top and bottom screens on hinges, so that they may be
adjusted to any required angle, and in some cases I give a vibratory motion to the
screens.
I employ feed hoppers with the reducing machines, which feed hoppers may be
made automatic.
In some cases I fix the machines so as to dispense with hand labour, that is, the
preliminary reducing rollers may be fixed over or near to the pulverizer or

page_text: disintegrator, forming therewith one machine, the material falling by gravitation
into the said machine, or being conveyed to it mechanically as it leaves the
preliminary reducing or crushing rollers.
The disintegrating and pulverizing machines may be used for disintegrating,
pulverizing, and mixing, as well as for disintegrating or pulverizing only.
My several improvements may be used conjointly or in different combinations
suited to the particular physical properties of the material to be operated upon.
The improved construction of pulley herein described may be used generally in
place of pulleys of the ordinary construction.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the
manner in which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan and Figure 2 in side elevation a machine for crushing
or reducing the material to be afterwards disintegrated or pulverized, the said
machine, Figures 1 and 2 being constructed according to my Invention.
The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 1 and 2.
d, d, are the rollers between which the material to be operated upon is crushed.
On the axes of the said rollers are worm wheels b, b; a is the driving shaft carrying
the worms a¹, a¹. One of these worms is right handed and the other left handed,
and the said worms gear respectively with the worm wheels b, b. By the rotation
of the shaft a the crushing rollers d, d, are made to rotate in opposite directions,
the opposed or acting parts of the rolls consequently move in the same direction.
The material to be operated upon being fed between the rollers is crushed by
them and falls either into a receptacle or into the disintegrating or pulverizing
machine.
The shafts of the rollers d, d, and worms a¹, a¹, are secured and run in bearings
of the kind herein after described and represented in Figure 8, and are kept in
position by loose collars of the kind herein after described and represented in
Figure 54.
The bearings carrying the shaft of one of the rollers & are secured to the frame e
(see Figure 1) and have a sliding motion on the fixed framing d' of the machine.
By sliding the said framing e, the roller d, with which it is connected, can be
brought to a greater or less distance from the other roller. The adjustment is
effected by means of the screw e¹ fixed to the sliding frame e.
This screw passes
through a screw box f turning in the fixed framing of the machine, and is rotated
by means of a band wheel attached to it. The rotation of the screw box fin one
or other direction gives motion in one or other direction to the sliding frame e and
roller d.
Both of the rollers d, d, may be furnished with the adjusting arrangement shown
in connection with one of them.
The pulley by which I prefer to give motion to the worm shaft a is constructed
in the manner hereinafter described, and illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
The crushed or broken material from the preliminary crushing machine, Figures
1 and 2, is fed into the disintegrator represented in vertical section in Figure 3, or
into the pulverizer represented in vertical section in Figure 4, and cross section in
Figure 5.
The disintegrator, Figure 3, is constructed in a manner essentially the same as
that described and represented in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me
dated February 5, 1878, No. 473, but with the following modifications:-In order
to fit the said disintegrator to operate upon sticky or wet material I prefer to form
the screens of triangular bars so placed that the openings between them are parallel
to the path of the beaters instead of at right angles thereto. I make the rotating
screen M, the baffle plate N, and the segments N', N', all to rotate together, instead
of making the screen M only rotate around the seginents and baffle plate.
I also divide the screen and segments, or screen, baffle plate, and segments on the
diameter, and hinge them together by a hinge joint at R, and when closed fix them
by the screw bolt, nut, and snugs at R1; or the hinge joint may be dispensed with
and the divided parts be connected together by screw bolts, nut, and snugs, similar
to those shown at R¹.

page_text: By the construction described and represented, the upper halves of the parts
M, N, N¹, may be raised from the lower halves of the said parts, and access thus
readily obtained to the interior of the machine for cleaning or repair.
The pulverizer, Figures 4 and 5, consists of a central roller D secured to a
shaft D; D', D', are discs or plates on either side of the roller D. These discs
turn freely on the central shaft D" and carry the small rollers C, C. The axes of
the rollers C, C, work in bearings C¹, C¹, which said bearings are situated in
slots C formed near the margins of the discs D', D¹. Coiled or other springs are
placed between the outer ends of the bearings C', C₁, and the outer ends of the
slots C, which said springs press the small rollers C, C, against the larger roller D.
Or the springs may be dispensed with and the bearings C', C', fixed or made
adjustable by means of screws and handwheels. Surrounding the discs D¹, D¹, and
enclosing the rollers C, C, is a cylindrical or drum like screen E by which the
material operated on by the machine is sifted to any desired fineness.
Motion is given to the discs D¹, D¹, in the direction indicated by the outer arrow
in Figure 4, and motion is given to the central shaft D and to the larger roller D
in an opposite direction, that is to say, in the direction indicated by the inner arrow
in Figure 4. The material to be operated upon is fed into the machine through an
opening or openings formed in one or both of the side discs D¹, D¹, and falls onto
the screen E. By the motion of the screen E the material is raised or picked up
by the plate or elevator A, and falls from the said plate A between one of the
rollers C and the roller D. The material is pulverized by passing between the said
rollers C and D and falling upon the plate B is directed or guided by the said
plate B onto the screen E. The material is operated upon by the pulverizer until
it has been reduced sufficiently fine to pass through screen E. Either one roller C
with its plates A, B, or two or more of the said rollers and plates may be carried
by the discs D¹, D¹.
The disintegrator, Figure 3, as well as the pulverizer, Figures 4 and 5, can be
used for mixing at the same time that they effect the disintegrating and pulverizing
of the materials operated upon.
Figures 6 and 7 represent my improvements in pulleys, Figure 6 being a side
elevation of a pulley constructed according to one of my improvements, and
Figure 7 being a side elevation of a pulley constructed according to another of my
improvements.
The pulley, Figure 6, consists of a disc H¹ which forms the body of the pulley.
The disc H is fixed between two central bosses J¹, one on each side of the disc.
The bosses J¹ are rivetted together, and to the disc between them, as represented in
the Drawing. The periphery of the disc H is turned in a lathe so as to make it
truly circular, and the rim H of the pulley is secured to the disc H¹ by means of
lugs J. These lugs are rivetted both to the disc H' and to the rim H of the pulley,
and the said rim is thereby fixed to the said disc. By turning the edge of the disc
as described, the rim of the pulley works true.
Although I prefer to connect the disc to the bosses, and the rim to the disc of the
pulley by rivetting, yet I do not limit myself thereto, as the said parts may be
otherwise connected.
Instead of making the disc, rim, and bosses of the pulley solid, as represented in
Figure 6, they may be divided as represented in Figure 7. The division may
either be such as to divide the parts into two equal portions; or the division may
be in the direction of two radii inclined to one another, so as to divide the parts
into unequal portions. The two parts of the pulley are connected by the small
lugs represented. The lugs on one part engage under the rim of the other part,
and the lugs and rim are connected together by screws.
Figure 8 represents in vertical section, drawn to a large scale, the bearing which
I use for supporting the shafts of the crushing machine, Figures 1 and 2. The
brasses L are kept in position by fitting upon cylindrical lugs or projections formed
on the keep K and the block K', the said cylindrical lugs fitting in cylindrical
recesses in the brasses L. The upper and lower brasses are exactly similar, so that
they can be reversed from time to time to equalize their wear.

page_text: The loose collar which I employ to secure in their places the shafts of the
machine, Figures 1 and 2, is represented drawn to a large scale in Figure 5A. I
make the said loose collar by' preference of the annealed cast iron, commonly called
malleable iron. The body G of the loose collar consists of two discs and_a
connecting tubular piece, the general figure of the said loose collar being that of a
reel. At that part in which the set or fixing screw G' works, the tubular part of
the collar is thickened to give greater hold for the said screw G¹.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be
varied without departing from the nature of my Invention.
But I claim as my Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Crushing,
Disintegrating, Grinding, or Pulverizing, Mixing, and Sifting or Screening, part of
which Improvements may also be applied to other Machinery,"
First. Constructing and arranging the parts of crushing machinery in the manner
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawing, that is to say, driving the crushing rollers by means of worms and worm
wheels, and making the rollers of the said machinery adjustable by means of a
sliding frame or sliding frames operated by a screw or screws, substantially as
described and illustrated.
Secondly. The improvements in disintegrators herein before described and
illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, causing the
segments and screen, with or without a baffle plate, to rotate so as to return any
material not sufficiently reduced into the beater chamber of the machinery; also
dividing the parts of the disintegrator and separating the divided parts for the
purpose of gaining access to the interior of the machine, and connecting the parts
together, substantially as described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement or combination of the parts of
pulverizers herein before described and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, arranging one or more rollers so that they
shall revolve around a central roller, the said revolving rollers being also made to
rotate upon their axes, the central roller having a rotatory motion given to it in
a direction contrary to that in which the revolving rollers are carried round it,
substantially as described and illustrated, also the arrangement of the lifting and
guiding parts described and represented.
Fourthly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of loose collars and
interchangeable brasses or bearings herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 5 and 8 of the accompanying Drawing, for machinery to be used for
crushing, disintegrating, grinding, or pulverizing, mixing, and sifting or screening.
Lastly. The improvements, herein before described and illustrated in Figures 6
and 7 of the accompanying Drawing, in pulleys for machinery for crushing,
disintegrating, grinding, or pulverizing, mixing, and sifting or screening, and for
other machinery, that is to say, making the said pulleys of a disc, either divided
or undivided, and fixing a rim and bosses to the said divided or undivided disc, the
several parts being connected in the manner described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Ernest Sherwin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty second day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
GEORGE ERNEST SHERWIN. (L.S.)