IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS A communication to him from
abroad by F. W. Unterilp, of Düsseldorf, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLOUGHS," a communication to me from abroad by F. W. Unterilp, of Düsseldorf, in
the German Empire,
This invention relates to ploughs having several shares, and has for its object
to render the plough capable of turning the earth at will either to the right or the
left side. For this purpose I mount two or more shares symmetrically on a hori-
zontal shaft, so that they can be changed from one working position into the other
by simply turning the shaft. The same shaft may carry a right and a left share,
or a series of right and of left shares; or two separate shafts may be provided, one
for the right and one for the left shares. The turning may be effected around a
plough axle, or around an independent shaft or shafts. Or the pivoted shaft or
shafts carrying the shares may be perpendicular or oblique to the plough-axle
(wheel-axle). In order to facilitate the lifting of the frame before reversing the
shares, or for regulating the depth of the furrows, the fore-carriage is secured to a
cranked axle turning in bearings secured to the frame of the plough, and connected
with a hand-lever, so that by turning the latter the cranked portion of the shaft,
and consequently the fore-carriage, may be raised or lowered as required, the con-
nection of the fore-carriage with the shaft being adapted to permit the necessary
motion, by a spherical or other suitable joint. The hind-wheel or wheels may also
be mounted on a cranked axle connected with the said hand-lever, or a hind-wheel
may be held by a pivoted bearing or fork, so as to allow the motions necessary for
the purpose of steering, the said bearing or fork being secured to a crank-shaft
connected with a hand-lever, which can be placed and maintained at various
angles, which may be necessary to lift the ploughshares out of contact with the
earth.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st May 1883.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLOUGHS," a communication to me from abroad by T. [sic] W. Unterilp, of Düsseldorf,
in the German Empire
This invention has for its object to render ploughs having several shares capable
of turning the earth at will either to the right or to the left side. In describing
this invention reference will be had to the accompanying drawing, Figs 1 to 6, of
which Fig. I is an elevation and Fig. II a plan of a reversible two-share plough,
while Figs. III and IV represent a modification and Figs V and VI another
modification.
In the improved plough the shares are mounted on horizontally pivoted beams
in such a manner that by turning the beams, the right and tho left shares may be
alternately brought into working position. In the arrangement, represented by
Figs. 1 and 2, one of the beams A carries the right shares and the other the left
shares.
The beams A pivot in the bearings B, and are provided with the levers H, by
means of which the beams may be turned and thereby the shares set into and out
of the working position.
For the purpose of placing the cutting edges of the shares in a horizontal
position, when working on uneven soil, the holders C for the levers are made
adjustablo on the frame of the plough. This is effected by providing the lower
part of each holder with a vertical slot, through which passes the bolt for securing
the holder to the frame of the plough, as shown in Fig. I.
The position of the shares thus changes according to the position of the
holders C.
..
For easily regulating the depth of the furrows the plough is provided with a
hand lever E pivoted at F and resting with its front end on the forked bearing of
the front axle.
By placing the lever E higher or lower the plough is correspondingly raised or
lowered.
The hind wheels are attached to the frame of the plough by adjustable screw
clamps.
The drawhook D of the plough is attached to a lever pivoted at i, in such a
manner that the hook may be placed either in front of the left or in front of the
right shares.
In the construction represented by Figures III and IV each of the two beams A
and A' pivoted on the axle K carries a right and a left share.
If the beams are placed in the position shown in the Drawing, the plough turns
to the left, if the beams are turned so that the right one is placed in front and the
left one behind, the plough turns to the right.
The beams A may be secured in their extreme positions by pins or any other
suitable locking device applied to their bearings.
The beams may also be arranged in such a manner that instead of pivoting
forward and backward, they pivot from the right to the left and vice versa, for
reversing the shares.
Instead of having two beams the plough may be provided with one beam, that
is to say, the two beams represented in the drawing may be connected at their
axle bearings, so as to form one beam, in which case, however, the plough must be

page_text: raised higher for reversing the shares, because during this operation the shares
swing through their vertical position.
In the construction represented by Figs. 5 and 6 two beams are provided, each
of which carries a left and a right share (in larger ploughs each beam may carry
several pairs.)
The beams are bent in such a manner that when the hind share touches the soil
the front share is raised and vice versa.
In this case the right beam is raised or lowered in front simultaneously with the
rear portion of the left beam, and the shares attached to the beams are corre-
spondingly reversed.
For easily and rapidly turning the beam the plough carries an axle W provided
with a crank w. The axle W. is connected with the beams A by means of chains c, c².
On turning the axle, the chains are wound on or off, whereby the shares are raised
and lowered.
The crank and consequently the axle are locked in the required position by any
suitable contrivance.
What I claim is :
In ploughs having several reversible shares:
1. The arrangement for placing the shares from one working position into the
other, which consists in mounting the share on a beam adapted to turn on a hori-
zontal axis, one beam being provided for the right share and one for the left share,
or one beam provided both with a right and with a left share; the axis of
rotation being either formed by the beam itself, placed at an angle to the carriage
axle (Figs. 1 and 2), or by the carriage axle or an axle parallel to the latter
(Fig. 3 to 6) or by an axle perpendicular to the carriage axle; also the special
arrangement, illustrated by Figs 5 & 6, which requires only a short turning of the
shares, substantially as described.
2. Adjustable lever-holders, substantially as illustrated by Figs 1 and 2, for
adapting the edges of the shares to take a borizontal position when travelling over
uneven ground.
3. The means for moving the beams A, as illustrated by Figs 5 and 6 and con-
sisting substantially of a shaft W provided with cranks and chains.
In Witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirty-first day of May, A.D. 1883.
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