IMPROVE- MENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John James Turner, of Number 19, Salisbury
Street, Strand, London, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY ROLLING
STOCK."
Sealed the 19th April 1872, and dated the 24th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John James Turner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1871.
I, JOHN JAMES TURNER, of Number 19, Salisbury Street, Strand,
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY
ROLLING STOCK," to be as follows:-
Instead of constructing the flanged wheels of railway and tramway
rolling stock with iron or steel tires I employ india-rubber (vulcanized or
indurated), or any of the well-known substitutes for those materials, for
the bearing and guiding surfaces of such wheels, by surrounding their
peripheries with rings, bands, or strips of either of such materials. By the

page_text: substitution of this more or less elastic material as a surrounding to such
wheels, I am enabled to dispense with the ordinary iron rails on railway
bars of railways, and the channel rails or grooved bars of tramways and
to obtain the requisite amount of adhesion for transmitting the motive
power and traction of the engine and greater smoothness of motion in
the carriages so fitted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John James Turner in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JoпN
JAMES TURNER, of Number 19, Salisbury Street, Strand, London,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors;
give. and grant unto me, the said John James Turner, Her special
licence that I, the said John James Turner, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others às I, the said John James Turner,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention-for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY
ROLLING STOCK," upon the condition (amongst others), that I, the said
John James Turner, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John James Turner, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-

page_text: Instead of constructing the flanged wheels of railway and tramway
rolling stock with iron or steel tyres, I employ india-rubber (vulcanized
or indurated), or any of the well-known substitutes for those materials,
for the bearing and guiding surfaces of such wheels by surrounding their
peripheries with rings, bands, or strips of either of such materials. By
the substitution of this more or less elastic material as a surrounding
to such wheels I am enabled to dispense with the ordinary iron rails
or railway bars of railways, and the channel rails or grooved bars of
tramways, and to obtain the requisite amount of adhesion for transmitting
the motive power and traction of the engine, and greater smoothness
of motion in the carriages so fitted, whilst continuous lines of framed
timbers can be employed combining the longitudinal sleeper and the
rail or bearing surfaces, thus forming a cheap and secure permanent
way.
In the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings I have shewn in 12
Figures views of wheels constructed according to my Invention.
In Sheet 1 I have shown 3 views of my Invention applied to the
driving wheels of locomotive engines for the purpose of giving greater
adhesion or preventing slipping more particularly when the engine is'
drawing a heavy load on metal rails.
In Sheet 2 I have shown nine views of wheels suitable for carriages
or trucks, and by the use of which a greater amount of clasticity is given'
between the carriage body and the rails, throwing less shock upon the
springs and ironwork, and in some cases the use of india-rubber tyre
may render unnecessary the use of steel springs.
In Sheet 1 Figure 1 is a sectional clevation of a locomotive axle
upon which is a pair of outside driven or driving wheels having the
crank arm outside thereof; Figure 2 is a plan of Figure 1; Figure 3 is
a sectional elevation of an inside driving wheel and shows the india-
rubber tyre around the periphery of each wheel.
In the novel construction of wheels with wooden bodies, iron side
plates and bosses are 'combined in a novel and secure manner, and in
some cases india-rubber rings, plain and flanched, are secured between
the side plates, and form the "tread' or bearing surface and tyre of
the wheel.
""
In Sheet 2, Figure 4 is a transverse section of a wheel and axle of a
wooden bodied iron side plated wheel, between the flanges of which the
india-rubber tyre is secured and nipped up securely by means of bolts

page_text: and nuts, as shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6. Each section of the wooden
body presents the end grain to the periphery of the wheel and is held in
place by two circular flanges or rings, one projecting inwards from the
inner edge of the outer ring, and one from the outer edge of the inner
ring or plate which surrounds the boss. These projecting flanges, rings,
or beads are received into suitable grooves turned on one face of the
wooden body, and each alternate section is secured by a bolt and nut (or
a rivet) alternately at the inner or outer diameter thereof.
Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 4, and shews the external face of a
wheel and the arrangement of circular plates and mode of bolting the
whole together.
Figure 6 is a side or edge view of Figure 5. These three views shew
carriage wheels secured upon axles (of any suitable kind), but when they
are intended for driving wheels of locomotive engines a crank may be
bolted to the outer face of the wheel, or a crank pin be suitably fixed
thereto, as shown in Sheet 1, at Figures 1, 2, and 3. The india-rubber.
tyre is shewn in Figure 4 (in section) as composed of two pieces; one, a
ring, square in section, forming the tread or weight bearing and adhering
surface, and the other a flat ring buried in a recess in the flange plate.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 are corresponding views of wheels, the wooden
body of which is similarly secured in position, and being surrounded by
a ring of more or less elastic material forming the "tread" and direct
bearing surface only.
Figures 10, 11, and 12 are corresponding views, in which the tyre is
formed of one piece with the bearing and side flange of a suitable section
for taking the side friction and grinding as well as forming the bearing
surface.
In each of the foregoing wheels, illustrated by Figures 1 to 12, is
shown the mode of combining together and securing the radial portions
of the wooden body by certain grooves in the one face thereof and of
the flanched rings or beads projecting inwards from the face of the
outer rings or circular plates, as before described; and also the use or
employment of india-rubber tyres formed and applied in the manner
there shewn.
I have shown in the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings the mode
in which I propose to construct the wheels for railway and tramway
working stock; but of course the details may be varied or modified, to
suit any particular requirement, or to adapt the wheels for the particular,

page_text: service to which they are to be devoted; but I wish it to be understood
that in every case I employ wooden bodies with the material disposed
endway of the grain to the periphery of the wheel either with or without
flanges, and I secure the several pieces of the wooden body in their
proper places in the manner described, by which I am enabled to avoid
the use of a considerable number of bolts and nuts and the making of
numerous holes.
I claim the mode of combining together the pieces of wood composing
the body of a wheel, as herein described, and as illustrated in the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings.
I also claim the mode or method herein described of combining the
flanch, body, and limb (or centre portion), of a railway or tramway wheel
together.
I also claim the mode or method herein described of applying and
using india-rubber and such like materials for the wheels of railway and
tramway rolling stock
In witness whereof, I, the said John James Turner, have hereunto
set
my hand and seal, this 20th day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
STUART MOODIE LIVINGSTONE,
Bookseller,
of 57, South Bridge,
Edinburgh, N.B.,
Witness.
J. JAMES TURNER. (L.S.)