IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOOT AND SHOE HEEL AND TOE TIPS, CLOG IRONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ryan Danks, Bernard Peard Walker, and
Robert Percy Walker, all of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOOT AND SHOE HEEL AND TOE TIPS, CLOG IRONS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 22nd May 1863, and dated the 26th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ryan Danks,
Bernard Peard Walker, and Robert Percy Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1862.
We, JOHN RYAN DANKS, BERNARD PEARD WALKER, and ROBERT PERCY
WALKER, all of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOOT AND SHOE HEEL AND TOE TIPS, CLOG
IRONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-..
This Invention consists, firstly, in the construction of machines for the

page_text: manufacture of boot and shoe tips, clog irons, and other similar articles in such
a manner that the several operations of bending the pieces of metal intended
to be formed into tips or other articles, and afterwards piercing the tips or
other articles with the necessary holes for the reception of the fastenings, are
performed automatically in one machine, in place of each operation being
performed separately as at present. In some cases the operations of cutting
off the lengths of metal and of levelling the tips or other articles after the same
have been pierced may be combined either together or separately in the
same machine, which effects the operations of bending and piercing.
Various mechanical combinations may be employed in carrying out this
portion of our Invention, the essential feature of which is the application and
use of a moulding tool or "former," which acts not only as a mould for the
straight piece of metal from which the tip is made to be wrapped or bent
round, but also as a bed for the punches to act upon, so that after a tip is
bent, it is punched before it is released from the bending tools, and it is then
either allowed to fall away from the machine or on to a levelling apparatus,
which may form part of the same machine.
The following is an example of one mode of carrying out this part of our
Invention: The punching tool which may be of the ordinary construction for
'punching the several nail holes at one operation, is fitted to 'a vertical slide
actuated by a horizontal lever, which. derives its motion from a crank, cam,
'eccentric, or otherwise. The "former," which operates in the bending and
punching processes may be of the ordinary construction, is provided with holes
corresponding to the nail holes to be punched in the tip, and is placed imme-
diately under the punching tool. Beneath the "former" works a reciprocating
slide actuated by à crank, cam, or eccentric from the main shaft, and carrying
a pair of bell-crank levers provided with suitable moulding blocks or tools at
their front ends, which are situate one on either side of the "former." A
straight piece of metal having been placed between the curved end of the
"'former" and the moulding tools, it is by the forward movement of those
tools bént round the "former" into the shape of a letter U, and by the
time the moulders have nearly completed their forward traverse with the slide
the tails of the bell cranks come in contact with two adjustable stops, which
cause the bell cranks to close by turning their fulcra, and bring the moulding
tools to bear forcibly against the ends of the top, pressing them in contact
with the sides of the "former," and thus imparting the desired shape to the
tip. By the time this operation is completed the punching tool descends, and
,whilst the tip is being nipped and held firm by the moulding tools perforates

page_text: the nail holes therein. The moulding tools now relax their hold, and as the
punch rises, it carries up with it the perforated tip until by coming in contact
with a releasing plate it is detached and drops into an inclined channel, down
which it slides by its own gravity, either out of the machine entirely, or on to an
anvil under a hammer worked by the same lever which actuates the punches,
and here it receives a blow or pressure which effectually levels it, the tip
falling away into a proper receptacle immediately on the rising of the hammer.
It will thus be seen, that at each revolution of the driving shaft the combined
machine completes a tip so far as regards the binding, punching, and levelling
of the same. If preferred, the die or "former" in place of being stationary
may be made to slide whilst the bell cranks remain in one position, or springs
may be substituted for the bell cranks.
Secondly, in the construction of a machine for cutting off to proper lengths
and bending into shape the rods of metal from which boot and shoe tips and
similar articles are made.
The bending machines at present employed consist of a "former "attached
to a slide, to which a reciprocating motion is given by well known means; on
either side of the "former" there is a roller turning upon a stud connected to
the framing of the machine. At the proper point of the stroke a straight
piece of iron is placed in the machine, so that the two rollers lie upon one side
of it and the "former" upon the other, by the stroke of the slide carrying the
"former" between the rollers. and a proper closing of these upon the "former"
the piece of iron is bent to the shape of the "former," and is removed by
hand or otherwise, to make way for another, as is well known to heel tip
manufacturers.
In our improved machine we employ a disc, to which a rotatory motion
upon its axis is given by any suitable means. Upon its periphery are attached
several "formers," of a similar shape to those ordinarily used, and on either
side of the disc are fitted suitable rollers, so arranged as to close in upon the
"formers" in succession as they bring in during the rotation of the disc the
straight pieces of iron and bend them into shape. By this means is obviated
the inconvenience attendant upon the ordinary bending machine arising from
the return of the "former "between the rollers, which renders it necessary to
remove the bent. heel tip from the "former" before the return stroke, thus
limiting the speed of the process, whilst in our machine, having no return
stroke, the heel tip may be taken from off the "formers" at any time during the
revolution of the disc, provided it be done before the proper time for supplying.
a new piece of straight iron. In practice we find it convenient to arrange the

page_text: machine so as to place the axis horizontal, and to feed the machine from the
upper part, so that the heels fall off by their own weight as they arrive during
the revolution of the disc at the under side of the "formers."
The mode of rendering this machine self-acting, that is, of making it to cut
off the proper lengths of iron from the rod is similar to that described in our
first machine, and is in all respects well known as applied to reciprocating
machines. In some cases we use two discs upon the same axis, carrying
several pairs of rollers, whilst the "former" remains stationary; in other
respects the machine remaining the same; but we give the preference to the
first, that is, to the machine with a single revolving disc, and several "formers"
attached to it, whilst the rollers are attached to the frame of the machine.
Thirdly, in certain peculiar apparatus for making the nail holes and counter-
sinks in boot and shoe tips. The dies at present in use for giving the proper
configuration to heel tips are made the counterpart of the heel tip. They are
employed for the purpose of making the countersinks and nail holes by means
of projections suitably shaped, arranged upon the bottom of the die. The blank
heel tip being previously bent into shape is forced by well-known means into
the die, and of course the impressions of the projections are formed upon its
surface. The consequence of this arrangement is, that the projections operate
upon the blank tip before its sides come in contact with the die, hence arise
two serious difficulties, first, the outline of the heel is destroyed by bulging
opposite each projection; and next, the heel is so firmly held in the die, that
rapid work is rendered. impossible.
These objections are obviated in our improved die, which we construct as a
counterpart of the tip, with the exception that in place of projections from the
bottom of the die we have perforations therein through which move properly
shaped punches attached to a plate beneath the die, and which are, when the
blank heel tip is placed in the die, withdrawn so as to offer no obstacle to the
blank tip coming in contact with the inner surface of the die. When pressure
is applied by any suitable means, the punches are forced into the substance of
the heel tip producing thin counterpart impressions, whilst the outline of the.
heel tip is unaffected by their operation, as it is confined in the hollow of the
die, and thereby prevented from bulging. The withdrawal of the punches,.
which is accomplished by separating the plate to which they are attached from
the die, allows the heel tip to be readily removed. The separation of the
punch plate we effect either. by a powerful spring placed between it and the.
die, or by a lever actuated by the same machine which gives the pressure,
which may be one of several well-known kinds, such as a screw or lever press.

page_text: of ordinary construction, our Invention relating only to the die itself, with the
punches being so arranged as to operate on the piece of metal after it is
enclosed in the cavity of the die.
SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ryan Danks, Bernard Peard Walker, and Robert
Percy. Walker, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
RYAN DANKS, BERNARD PEARD WALKER, and ROBERT PERCY WALKER, all of
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Ryan Danks, Bernard Peard Walker, and Robert Percy
Walker, Her special license that we, the said John Ryan Danks, Bernard
Peard Walker, and Robert Percy Walker, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Ryan Danks, Bernard Peard
Walker, and Robert Percy Walker, our executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOOT AND SHOE HEEL AND TOE
TIPS, CLOG IRONS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said John Ryan Danks, Bernard Peard Walker, and
Robert Percy Walker, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same"
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office 'within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Ryan Danks, Bernard Peard
Walker, and Robert Percy Walker, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be par-

page_text: ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:-
Our said Invention consists, firstly, in constructing machines for the manu-
facture of boot and shoe tips, clog irons, and other similar articles in such a
manner that the operations of bending the pieces of metal intended to be
formed into tips or other articles, and afterwards piercing the tips or other
articles with the necessary. holes for the reception of the fastenings are performed
automatically in one machine in place of each operation being performed
separately as at present. In some cases the operations of cutting off the
lengths of metal, and of levelling the tips or other articles, after the same have
been pierced may be combined either together or separately in the same machine
which effects the operations of bending and piercing.
Various mechanical combinations may be employed in carrying out this
portion of our Invention, the essential feature of which is the application and
use of a moulding tool or "former," which acts not only as a mould for the
straight piece of metal from which the tip is made to be wrapped or bent.
round; but also as a bed for the punches to act upon, so that after a tip is
bent it is punched before it is released from the bending tools, and is then
either allowed to fall away from the machine or on to a levelling apparatus,
which may form part of the same machine.
The following is an example of one mode of carrying out this part of our
Invention: The punching tool, which may be of the ordinary construction
for punching the several nail holes at one operation, is fitted to a vertical
slide actuated by a horizontal lever, which derives its motion from a crank,
cam, eccentric, or otherwise. The "former," which operates in the bending
and punching processes, may be of the ordinary construction, but is provided
with holes corresponding to the nail holes to be punched in the tip, and is
placed immediately under the punching tool. Beneath the "former" works a
reciprocating slide actuated by a crank, cam, or eccentric from the main
shaft, and carrying a pair of bell-crank levers provided with suitable moulding
blocks or tools at their front ends, which are situate one on either side of the
"former." A straight piece of metal having been placed between the curved
end of the "former" and the moulding tools, it is by the forward movement
of those tools bent round the "former" into the shape of a letter U, and by
the time the moulders have nearly completed their forward traverse with the
slide, the tails of the bell cranks come in contact with two adjustable stops,
which cause the bell cranks to close by turning on their fulera; and bring the

page_text: per-
moulding tools to bear forcibly. against the ends of the tip, pressing them in
contact with the sides of the "former," and thus imparting the desired shape
to the tip. By the time this operation is completed the punching-tool-
descends, and whilst the tip is being nipped and held firm upon the "former"
by the moulding tools, perforates the nail holes therein. The moulding tools
now relax their hold, and. as the punch rises, it carries up with it the
forated tip, until by coming in contact with a releasing plate it is detached,
and drops into an inclined channel, down which it slides by its own gravity
either out of the machine entirely, or on to an anvil under a hammer worked
by the same lever which actuates the punches, and here it receives a blow or
pressure which effectually levels it, the tip falling away into a proper
receptacle immediately on the rising of the hammer; it will thus be seen
that at each revolution of the driving shaft the combined machine completes a
tip, so far as regards the bending, punching, and levelling of the same. If
preferred, the die or "former," in place of being stationary, may be made to
slide whilst the bell cranks remain in one position, or springs and rollers may
be substituted for the bell cranks.
Secondly, in the construction of a machine for bending into shape the rods
of metal from which boot and shoe tips and similar articles are made, in
which machine one or more "formers" or moulds used for giving the required
shape to the article are attached to a rotating disc instead of a single "former"
or mould being used in connection with a vibratory or reciprocating action of
the machine as at present in use.
.
Thirdly, in certain peculiar apparatus for making the nail holes and
countersinks in boot and shoe tips, which consists in so constructing the dies
used for this purpose, so as to provide for the operation of the punching tools
upon the blank after it is compressed into and whilst it is retained in the
cavity of the die instead of as at present making the forcing of the blank
into the die simultaneous with the action of the punches.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we shall
now proceed more particularly. to describe the same, and for that purpose we
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the cor-
responding Figures.
Figure of the Drawings is a side elevation of one form of machine, in
which are effected automatically the three operations of bending, punching,
and levelling a heel or toe tip; Figure 2 is a similar view, on a larger scale,
of the essential parts of a slightly modified form of machine for effecting the

page_text: same operations; in practice this machine will also be placed at an angle
the same as Figure 1. Figure 3 is an end elevation of the same; Figure 4
is a plan showing the form and arrangement of the bending apparatus in the
machine; and Figure 5 is a corresponding end elevation of the same, partly
in section. In all these Figures the same letters indicate corresponding parts,
the bending is effected by the parts A, B, G, and H.
The arrangement for bending, herein-after described, is one of the best
with which we are acquainted, and which we claim as our Invention; but
there are several modes of constructing bending apparatus applicable to our
machine, which being well known to the trade we do not describe. The one
which we claim, separately, consists of two bent levers B, B', turning upon
pivots C, and mounted upon a moveable piece A, which may be either a lever
turning upon an axis D (as shewn at Figure 1) or a sliding piece moving
between guides (as shewn at A, Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5.). The piece A has
a reciprocating motion communicated to it by means of a crank E and con-
necting rod F. In Figure 1 the bending part is shewn in the proper position
for feeding in the piece of iron which is to be bent into a tip, whilst in Figure 4
it is shewn at the end of its stroke. The levers B, B', are furnished with
moulding tools G, which closing upon the "former" H, bend the tip accu-
rately around the same, and retain it in position, as shewn in Figure 4, whilst
the punching operation is performed. The closing of the levers B, B¹, is
effected by their outer ends coming in contact before the end of the stroke
with the adjustable stop screws I, I.
The punching or piercing of the tip is effected as follows:-The "former" HI
shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 4, and on a larger scale at Figures 6, 7, and 8, is
constructed upon the usual plan, excepting that it is furnished with holes cor-
responding with the nail holes of the tip. Perpendicular to the "former" is
a punching apparatus consisting of a slide or "bolt" K, which carries at its
lower part a holder furnished with punches 1, which are arranged to correspond
with the holes in the "former," so as to pierce the tip with the full number of
nail holes required by the descent of the slide K. The slide K is actuated by
a lever L, working on a fulcrum M, to which it
so as to allow of the parallel movement of the slide.
to the lever L by means of the connecting rod O and
of the latter giving the proper reciprocating motion to the slide or "bolt" K
and to the punches.
is
connected by the link N,
Motion is communicated
crank P, the revolution
In Figure 1 the punching apparatus is shewn at the commencement of the
stroke, which is the tinie for feeding in the material, and in Figure 2 is shewn

page_text: its position, when by the half revolution of the crank shaft the tip is pierced."
As the slide K rises after the piercing of the tip, the friction of the punches
in the nail holes lifts the tip from off the "former" until it is brought in
contact with the releaser Q, which removes the tip so as to admit of a suc-
ceeding one being operated upon by the machine.
At R (Figure 8) is shewn the tip in contact with the releaser, or at the
instant of the withdrawal of the punches from the nail holes by the continued
rise of the punches. The whole of the apparatus for bending and for the sub-
séquent operations are, as shewn in Figure 1, placed at an angle, so that the
tip, when freed from the punches, will fall by its own gravity into the channel'
S, and slide down that channel on to the anvil T, when a leveller or hammer
is combined with the machine, where it receives a blow from the hammer U,
which is worked by the lever L, thereby "levelling" or flattening the tip.
Upon the ascent of the hammer the tip falls into a receptacle ready finished
for polishing, which we effect in the ordinary manner. In some cases a pair
of suitably shaped rollers may be combined with the machine in lieu of a
hammer, for the purpose of flattening the tips.
The several operations of bending, piercing, and levelling tips are thus
effected in one machine, and we wish it to be understood that we do not limit
ourselves to any particular arrangement of mechanism for effecting any one of
these operations separately. Thus, the bending may be effected either by
means of rollers carried by springs or by levers acted upon by springs, as
described hereafter, in lieu of the bent levers B; or we may use any of the
methods of bending now in use in combination with machinery for accom-
plishing the other operations, many of which are applicable, as will be well
understood by those familiar with this branch of manufacture. The position
of the crank and arrangement of the parts for driving both the bending and
punching apparatus can also be varied at pleasure.
In some cases we construct our machines with an apparatus in addition to
what we have already described for cutting off the proper lengths of tip iron
from the rod, thus making the machine effect the entire conversion of rod iron
into tips; but as the construction of a bending machine provided with a
"cutting-off" apparatus is well known, we make no claim to such a com-
bination.
Figure 9 is a side elevation of one form of the machine for bending the
straight lengths or rods of iron or other material (from which, as is well
known, boot and shoe tips, clog irons, or other similar articles are formed)
into the desired shape, and Figure 10 is a corresponding plan of the same. It

page_text: consists of a. framing A, A, A, supporting. a plate B, and, furnished with
proper carriages and bearings.C, in which revolves the axis of the disc. or
wheel D, in the direction indicated by the arrows. Attached to the periphery
of this disc. are the tools or "formers" E. These, "formers" we construct. of
any suitable material, and of the well-known shape required and employed in
many tip-bending machines at present in common use. On imparting, a
rotatory motion to the disc D on its axis, the several "formers ".will, pass suc-
cessively. between the rollers F, attached to the levers G, G, which turn upon
steady pins H, H, firmly fixed in the upper plate of the machine B. The
outer ends of the levers G, G, are kept asunder by a spring I, of a helical or
any other convenient form. The distance to which the levers G separate at
their outer ends, is controlled and regulated by the set, screws.J, J.,
The action of the machine will be understood by reference to Figure 10, in
which it is shown at K, a piece of iron as it is placed in the machine for the
purpose of being bent. It will be evident that as the disc revolves the
"former E will carry with it the straight piece of iron between the rollers F,
which are arranged so closely together as to nip the tip in its narrowest parts,
whilst the spring I, which is sufficiently powerful to overcome the rigidity of
the iron rod. from which the tip is made, acting through the levers G, will
allow the rollers F to separate sufficiently to admit of the widest part of the
tip. to pass between them. Thus, by the combined action of the rollers,
spring, and "former," the tip receives its proper shape, being as it were
wrapped accurately around the-"formers" E. The continued rotation of the
disc D carries onwards the tip bent; into shape, as described, until on arriving
at the lower side it is free to fall by its own weight from off, the "former" into
a proper receptacle, or it may be released, if necessary, by means of a spring or
other well-known contrivance, whilst the remaining "formers" successively
pass between the rollers, the pieces of iron being fed in either by hand or
otherwise at the proper time. The levers G.may be caused to move and close
upon the "formers," so as to "pull in the ends of the tips by the action of a
cam connected with the revolving disc, and in some cases we construct the
machine so as to operate in this manner; but the essential feature of this part
of our Invention is the use of a revolving disc for carrying. the several
"formers."
The arrangement we have described is one of the simplest we are acquainted
with, but the details may be varied considerably in practice. According to
another arrangement we reverse the positions of the "formers" and rollers,
using two discs upon the axis and attaching the levers to their peripheries,

page_text: "
whilst the "formers are fitted to the table or upper plate B of the machine.
One great advantage obtained in this machine is that whereas the machines
at present employed for bending tips and clog irons communicate a reciproca-
ting movement to the "formers," whilst in ours the "former" passes on
continuously, thus permitting of a more rapid action and rendering the feeding
more easily effected..
Another part of our Invention relates to the manufacture of that kind of
heel or toe tip known as flat or solid heel or toe tips or plates, and is more
particularily applicable to that stage of the manufacture in which the nail
holes or counter-sinks are made.
.
Figures 11, 12, and 13, shew views of this improvement. Figure 11, is an
elevation partly in section; Figure 12.a plan of the bottom tool, and Figure 13.
a front elevation and partial section. The essential parts of this apparatus.
consist of a matrix or mould A, A, having a cavity of the proper form to
receive the blank tip, and being perforated with as many holes as are desired
in the finished tip. This matrix is made considerably deeper than the thickness
of the tip in order to facilitate the feeding in of the blank tips, and is attached.
to the frame B by the set pin C. The frame B slides in a downward direction
upon the pillars D, which are furnished with nuts at E, against. which the
frame is kept in contact by the spiral springs shewn in the Drawings; attached
to the base plate. F are the punches G, G, being so arranged as to pass up.
through the holes in the matrix. when the frame is depressed during the
operation of the tool; II is the upper or counterpart tool made so as to be
attached in any suitable manner to the bolt of a press. This tool has a
projection on its face of the size and shape of the under side of the tip, so that.
when by the descent of the press the upper tool is forced into the matrix, the
blank tip is confined on all sides. The continued descent of the upper tool
carries down the frame and matrix holding the blank tip with it, and. the springs
giving way the blank tip is brought in contact with the punches G, G, which
are so shaped as to produce the required impression of the nail hole of the tip
and penetrate to any depth required according as the descent of the bolt is
regulated.
.
. This peculiar arrangement in which, as will be obvious from the foregoing
description, the blank tip is compressed on its sides and faces in the matrix
before the punches operate upon it, constitutes an important feature of our
Invention. It is obvious that the form of springs and general details may be
varied very considerably.
For instance, in some cases we dispense with springs and mount the frame

page_text: with its matrix upon a lever. actuated by the press which moves the upper
tool timing its action so as to permit the compression of the blank tip within
the matrix before the descent of the latter conjointly with the upper tool forces
the tip upon the punches.
. In another arrangement where the flatness of the under side of the tip is of
no consequence we make the matrix of the same depth as the finished tip,
and use instead of the upper tool à plain face to produce the necessary com-
pression. We do not limit ourselves to any particular mode of producing
the required pressure using indifferently any desirable known mode, but restrict
our claim to the use of punches detached from the matrix, and such a con-
struction as permits the action of the punches to succeed the compression of
the tip in the mould, the object being to avoid the distortion of the tip
which arises when, as is at present the case, the punches operate whilst the
blank tip is loose.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that what we consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is, -
First, the general constructions, arrangements, and combinations of machinery
or apparatus for making boot and shoe heel and toé tips, clog irons, and other
similar articles, substantially as herein-before described.
Second, thé combination of mechanism for effecting the operations of bending
and piercing boot and shoe heel and toe tips or other similar articles in one
machine, combined or not with the usual or other mechanism for cutting off
the lengths of metal and for flattening the articles substantially as herein-before
described.
י
Third, the constructing of the "former" in such a manner that the tip or
other article may be bent into shape and pierced upon it before it is removed
from such "former" as herein-before described.
"
Fourth, the mode of removing the bent and perforated tips from the "former
in a combined bending and perforating machine as herein-before described.
Fifth, the peculiar construction and arrangement of bending apparatus
as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, of our
Drawings.
* Sixth, the attaching of the "formers" to a rotating disc or cylinder substan-
tially as herein-before described.
Seventh, the punching of the countersinks or nail holes in the blank tips

page_text: after they have been compressed into and whilst they are still retained in the
cavity of the shaping die as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Ryan Danks, Bernard Peard
Walker, and Robert Percy Walker, have hereunto set our hands and
seals, this Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN RYAN DANKS.
(L.S.)
BERNARD PEARD WALKER. (L.S.)
ROBERT PERCY WALKER.
(L.S.)