matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES OR 'HAIRS USED IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND OIL CAKE MAKING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cyrus Eskrett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1868.
CYRUS ESKRETT, of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ENVELOPES OR 'HAIRS USED IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND
OIL CAKE MAKING," to be as follows:-
Instead of the envelopes or hairs (usually used for placing the seed in
or between before being place in the hydraulic presses where the oil is
extracted and the refuse made into cake), which are made of two sheets
of hair jointed or made flexible in the centre, so as to allow them to fold
together like the boards of a book, as has been commonly done here-
tofore, I (according to my Invention) use a piece of iron, copper, or
other material of the proper length and breadth suitable to the size,
shape, and pattern of the cake wanted, making it either plain, corru-
gated, or chequered, as may be required; I cast or otherwise fix a
projection on the widest end of the plate rising up nearly the thickness
of the cake, rounding it on the top and back, and hollowing it at the
bottom towards the plate; and in some cases I would fix a similar

page_text: projection on the opposite end. Where corrugated plates are used
I round the outer ends of the corrugations and not allow them to pass
right across the plate, and rivet a piece of leather or other similar
substance along the longest sides of the plates, one side of this leather
to reach to the rounded ends of the corrugations, and the other side to
be flush with the edge of the plate. The outer edges of these strips of
leather are to be much thicker than the inner, and the outer edges of the
plates where the leather is fixed will in some cases be made thicker
than the other parts of the plate, so as to give a levelled shape to the
edge of the cake, and a piece of leather will be fixed by the usual means
to the widest ends of the plates, and made in the form of a loop strap for
the purpose of drawing the plate and cake out of the press box; and a
piece of leather will also be fixed to the narrow end of the plate, and will
be of the same breadth as the plate and a few inches longer, with a loop
strap on the end for pulling it out when found necessary. For making
the impression on the top of the cake I cut corrugations on the under
side of the press heads or press boxes of the same pattern as the plates
already described, putting an edging of leather along the ends of the
corrugations in the same manner as upon the loose plates, or I make a
loose plate precisely the same as already described with leather fixed
down the edges, but no projecting piece of iron, no loose leathers or loop
handles. This plate will be fixed to the under side of the press heads
or press box by screws in the usual way.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING OR WASHING BOTTLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th June 1868.- A communication from abroad by Adolphe
Cointreau, of Angers, Maine et Loire, in the Empire of France,
Distiller.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING OR WASHING BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to new or improved machinery or
apparatus for simultaneously and effectually cleansing both the interior
and exterior of bottles. For this purpose a metal framework is
employed consisting of two parts, of which the lower part is closed and
serves as a chamber or reservoir for containing water under pressure.
In the centre of the top surface of this chamber is a hollow columu
projecting up through the upper part of the framing to some
considerable height above it, where it terminates in a closed enlarge-
ment or vessel, into which the water under pressure in the reservoir
consequently rises. Upon the lower part of the column, inside the
upper framing, is placed a loose spur wheel receiving rotary motion by

page_text: means of a pair of bevil wheels from a driving shaft, and communicating
such motion by means of spur pinions to four or more hollow vertical
spindles carried in bearings by the upper framing and arranged round
the central column. The upper ends of these spindles are provided
with sockets, into which are fitted the necks of the inverted bottles to
be washed, and which are secured therein by screw caps but in such a
manner that the water can readily flow from the interior of the bottle.
Pipes, made to communicate by means of cocks with the interior of the
vessel on the top of the column, pass firstly down inside such column
and then up through each hollow spindle, being made to project up
into the bottles, where they are formed with perforations through which
the water impinges in jets against the inner surfaces of the bottles.
Secondly, these pipes descend outside the column to a position opposite
each bottle, and are there also provided with perforations through
which the water impinges in jets against the outer surfaces of the
bottles. Attached to both the internal and the external perforated
pipes are, furthermore, brushes made to press against the inner and
outer surfaces of the bottles. By this arrangement it will be seen that
as the bottles are made to rotate with the hollow spindles, the entire
surfaces thereof are by such rotation subjected to the joint action of
the interior and exterior jets of water and of the brushes, whereby the
bottles are effectually and expedetiously cleansed. The water reservoir
is provided with a cock through which steam may be introduced from a
steam boiler if it be required to heat the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES, CLOOKS, AND OTHER LIKE TIMEPIECES, TIMEKEEPERS, OR TIME INDICATORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Josephi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1868.
I, HENRY JOSEPHI, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and of
New York, in the United States of America, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES,
CLOOKS, AND OTHER LIKE TIMEPIECES, TIMEKEEPERS, OR TIME INDICATORS,"
to be as follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is mainly to prevent the
breakage of or damage to the parts of a watch, clock, timepiece, time-
keeper, or time indicator when winding the same. I use a hollow barrel
arbor, through or into which the winding square passes. The hollow
arbor carries a ratchet wheel provided with a click, and above this the
winding square carries another ratchet wheel provided with a click.
These ratchets are toothed in opposite or reverse directions. When the
key is turned in the proper direction the watch, clock, timepiece, or

page_text: indicator is wound without removing the key or the fingers therefrom.
The placing of the key on the upper ratchet keeps all the winding
parts in due engagement or connection. When the watch, clock, or
timepiece is sufficiently wound the winding parts are by my arrangement
relieved of a portion of the pressure exerted thereon so that there is less
liability to overwinding. When the key is turned in a direction opposite
to that of the winding motion, it only acts on the upper ratchet, and
the winding square is then, so to speak, disengaged from (or from action
on) the barrel arbor.
The above arrangements may also be applied with suitable connections
to watches or the like wound at the bow, pendant, or stem.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR MANŒUVRING GUN BOATS AND OTHER FLOATING VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Telford Field at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1868.
I, TELFORD FIELD, of the Firm of Maudslay, Sons, and Field, of
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR MANŒUVRING
GUN BOATS AND OTHER FLOATING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in providing gun boats or other floating vessels
with a screw propeller and a balanced or other form of rudder at each
end worked separately or together, the forward and after body of the
vessel being preferably similar. By this combination or arrangement of
propellers and rudders I am enabled to manoeuvre the vessel with greater
facility than with the arrangements heretofore adopted. For example,
by reversing the forward engine and placing one rudder port and the
other starboard the vessel can be turned or moved round on its centre,

page_text: or nearly so; by placing both rudders starboard or port and driving
both engines, one of them being reversed, the vessel can be moved
laterally to starboard or port without turning; in going ahead one screw
drives and the other draws.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GLASS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kilner, of Wakefield, in the County of
York, Glass Bottle Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GLASS."
Sealed the 3rd November 1868, and dated the 23rd July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kilner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd July 1868.
I, JOHN KILNER, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Glass Bottle
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GLASS," to be
as follows:-
My new method commences with the use and application of a
reverberatory furnace for the manufacture of glass, and consists in
placing the materials requisite to form glass directly on the bed or floor

page_text: of the furnace without any pots as usually adopted. The furnace having
an arched and inclined roof the flame and heat in passing to the main
chimney are deflected upon the surface of the materials, and such
materials are quickly fused and kept in a fluid state as required. By
this means I am enabled to make glass in very much less time and with
about half the fuel usually required.
I claim the use and application of a reverberatory furnace in which
the fire is at one end of the bed or floor on which the materials for fusion
are placed, and the main chimney is at the other or opposite end, whilst
the materials aforesaid are acted upon and quickly fused by the flame
and heat deflected upon them in the passage of such flame and heat from
the furnace to the main chimney.
NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CARTRIDGES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th March 1868.-A communication from Jean Baptiste
Lainé and Louis Ernest Lecomte, residing at No. 15, Rue de Crussol,
Paris, Gun Makers.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CARTRIDGES."-A
communication from Jean Baptiste Lainé and Louis Ernest Lecomte,
two persons resident at No. 15, Rue de Crussol, in Paris aforesaid,
Gun Makers, to be as follows:-
The object of this new and improved apparatus is to unite or join
together the bottoms of metallic cartridges with their sockets, the
apparatus in use not being applicable to other than pin cartridges. It
consists of two tubes made of metal or other such like convenient
material sliding one in the other. The inside tube which is the main
piece, and in which is put the cartridge, carries a longitudinal partial

page_text: opening which allows of compressing its extremity, and therein firmly
retaining the cartridge by means of a ring or circle or other such like
analogous organ furnished with a pressure screw. This tube is driven
outside the other tube by a helical spring which surrounds it, and rests
against the ring or circle by one of its extremities, and by the other
extremity against a fillet or thread on the inside and near the edge of
the outside tube. A little buffer actuated by a lever or any other such
like compressing organ actuated by the hand is rested against the
bottom of the cartridge and repels the same and the inside tube into the
outside one, whilst with the other hand a short handle placed at the
opposite extremity is turned, and by means of this double pressure
the joining is effected.
The accompanying Drawings represent an apparatus according to this
system.
a is the slotted tube; b, the outside tube; c, the ring; d, the pressure
screw; f, the cartridge; g, the helical spring; q, the short handle;
r, the lever and the little buffer; 8 and t, a grip and its screw to fix the
apparatus.
NEW (OR IMPROVED) APPARATUS FOR INDICATING A RISE OR FALL OF TEMPERATURE FOR FIRE ALARM AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Harrison and Robert
Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th October 1868.
We, CHARLES HARRISON, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, and
ROBERT WILSON, of Number 2, Parsonage, in the City of Manchester,
Hardware Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "NEW (OR IMPROVED) APPARATUS FOR INDICATING A RISE OR FALL OF
TEMPERATURE FOR FIRE ALARM AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and application of a thermometer
and spirit level mounted parallel to one another upon one arm of a
balanced lever working on pivots in the same manner as a scale beam,
the other arm of such lever being geared to or in connection with a
simple or compound lever, which impinges against the clapper of a bell
herein-after described. This bell is actuated by a train of wheel or clock
work, the moving power of which may be a weight or spring, but the
clapper of such bell is prevented moving so long as the lever impinges
against it. The thermometer is capable of being regulated in its position
along the balanced lever so that as the temperature rises or falls the
quicksilver or other expansive fluid will cause the one arm to over-

page_text: balance the other, and thus release the clapper, which will continue
to strike the bell so long as the spring or weight will actuate the wheel
or clockwork. For fire alarm or other purposes where it is necessary to
communicate to a distance the same train of wheelwork may be used,
but the bell is dispensed with and a small air pump geared to the
wheelwork to work what is commonly known as an atmospheric bell.
It will be readily apparent that this application of the thermometer
and lever is useful for opening or closing ventilators as the temperature
rises or falls, and for regulating the supply of gas used for heating or
warming purposes where an even and equal temperature is required, by
being connected to the cock or valve of the supply pipe so as to partially
open and close such cock or valve, and thus to maintain one regular
temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN "TEMPLES" FOR LOOMS, AND IN THE CASES CONTAINING THEM
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Whitelaw Anderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th May 1868.
I, JAMES WHITELAW ANDERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN "TEMPLES" FOR LOOMS, AND IN THE CASES
CONTAINING THEM," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention which relates to an improved mode of arranging
temples, as well as improvements in the cases which contain them,
consists in employing two temples, that carried by the upper part of
the case being of larger diameter than that resting in the lower part
of the case, at the same time the upper temple is so placed that
the lower part of its periphery is on a lower level than the upper
part of the periphery of the lower temple. By means of this disposition
of the temples the use of a bridge in the case is avoided, and therefore

page_text: the friction and injury to the cloth by rubbing over the bridge is done
away with. The temple cases as constructed under this Invention are
made with wide openings at those parts through which the cloth passes,
so that the cloth bears only upon the temples temselves.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING COTTON AND OTHER FABRICS AND FIBRES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harold Potter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August.
1868.
I, HAROLD POTTER, of Fisherwick Doagh, near Belfast, in the County
of Antrim, in Ireland, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING COTTON
AND OTHER FABRICS AND FIBRES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the application and use of
superheated steam for bowking, boiling, or bleaching, cotton. and.other:
fabrics and fibres.
In performing my Invention I make use of a closed kier or: other:
vessel, which may be either stationary or rotating. This vessel is
provided with a central pipe furnished above with a valve. When the
fibrous substances or fabrics are in the vessel water alone or water
combined with chloride of lime or other bleaching agents is forced up
the central pipe by steam in the usual manner until the mass of
fabrics or fibres in the closed vessel is sufficiently permeated and
prepared; the superheated steam is then admitted, and this superheated

page_text: steam penetrates through the mass of fabrics or fibres, and rapidly
removes the coloring or other foreign matters. By means of these
improvements the process of bleaching is performed more rapidly than
heretofore, and the quantity of bleaching agents is greatly reduced, or
in some cases the bleaching agents may be dispensed with. The mode
of superheating steam is well known. I prefer to take steam from an
ordinary steam boiler and put it through a coil of pipes heated in a
furnace. I have found that steam superheated to a temperature of
500 degrees Fahrenheit answers the purpose, but further experiments
may prove that this temperature requires modifying.
PRINTING OF PAPER BAGS WHILE IN THE PROCESS OF MAKING BY SHAW'S PATENT, OR OTHER BAG MACHINES, OR FOR PRINTING PAPER FROM THE REEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilson Morley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1868.
I, WILLIAM WILSON MORLEY, of Wooburn, in the County of Bucks,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PRINTING OF PAPER
BAGS WHILE IN THE PROCESS OF MAKING BY SHAW'S PATENT, OR OTHER BAG
MACHINES, OR FOR PRINTING PAPER FROM THE REEL," to be as follows:-
The machine consists principally of a segment of a cylinder to form
the table, on the top of which the types or forms wherewith to print are
set in the usual way, but in chases shaped to the table; annexed thereto
is an inking slab or table, also of a cylindrical shape, so much higher
than the form table as the height of the types or rather more. Both
these tables are bolted to arms that are stayed firmly together, and thus
support the table which is placed with its centre of motion downwards,
the highest part of it being in a horizontal line with the top of the bag
machine to which it is attached at one end. Through the arms which
support the table is passed a shaft, which has its bearings firmly situated
in the lower part of a suitable framework; the table can in this way
move alternately forwards and backwards in a rocking or vibrating
motion, describing the arc of a circle sufficient in extent to allow of the
distribution of the ink on the table and the form and the printing of the
bag or papers. Directly across the centre of the table, on the top of the

page_text: framework, are bolted moveable bearings carrying an iron cylinder which
gives the impression; this impression cylinder has a cog wheel attached
to each end inside the moveable bearings, and these wheels gear into
semicircular racks that are bolted to the sides of the form and ink table,
by this means keeping the cylinder and table in steady contact while
printing. An arrangement of slide cams lift the impression cylinder to
allow for the backward motion of the table without contact with the
cylinder. The ink box and its rollers are made in the usual way, but
adjusted to the action of the machine; and fixed in proper places to
act on the table and type. The motion for the printing is derived
from the machine to which it is connected by means of suitable rods,
wheels, levers, and cams, but it can be so made as to form a single
complete printing machine independent of the bag or other machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEASURES USED BY PUBLICANS, CHEMISTS, AND OTHERS FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bertie Charles Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1868.
I, BERTIE CHARLES SCOTT, of Anglesey House, Spring Grove,
Kingston, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEASURES
USED BY PUBLICANS, CHEMISTS, AND OTHERS FOR MEASURING LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in so constructing measures as
to dispense with the necessity of employing funnels to empty the
contents of measures into bottles and other like vessels. It is proposed
to effect this by affixing a spout to the bottom and under side of the
measure, a hole being made through the bottom for that purpose; into
this hole a valve or plug fits water-tight and is connected to a vibrating
lever adjusted to the top of the measure at the handle thereof, so that
upon pressing down the said lever with the thumb the valve or plug
will be raised and allow the contents of the measure to pass out of the
spout at the bottom thereof, and into the vessel in which the said spout
is inserted. Upon removing the pressure from the aforesaid lever, or

page_text: disengaging a spring for that purpose, the plug or valve will fall and
close the hole in the spout. It is proposed to make the measure with
legs of the same length or a little longer than the aforesaid spout for
the measure to stand on. The measure may be made either of pewter,
glass, hard india-rubber, or other material suited to withstand any
chemical action of the liquid that is to be placed in the said measure;
and for india-rubber measures used by chemists and druggists it is
proposed to insert graduated pieces of glass thereinto showing ounces
on one side and gills, quartens, and larger quantities on the other
side.
AN IMPROVED CURRY-COMB
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pope at the Office
of the Commissioners of latents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1868.
451
I, THOMAS Рore, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CURRY-COMB," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct a curry-comb in such a
manner that its teeth can be readily and effectually cleansed and freed
from the hair and dirt with which they become clogged when the curry-
comb is used upon a horse or other animal.
The nature of the said Invention consists chiefly in combining with
the teeth of the curry-comb an adjustable plate formed with apertures
The said
or slots to pass over the teeth and fitting closely to the same.
plate lies flat upon the back or stock when the curry-comb is being used,
but when the same is to be cleansed the plate is drawn over the teeth,
thereby removing the hair accumulated between the same.
or stock of the curry-comb may be formed of iron or other suitable
material, and may be constructed and provided with a handle in the
onlinary manner. The teeth are preferably formed of notched or
The back

page_text: serrated plates, which are placed perpendicularly and parallel to each
other upon the back or stock, whereon they are secured by rivets or
other suitable fastenings. The adjustable slotted plate is made about
the same size as the back or stock, to one side of which it is hinged or
jointed in such a manner that it can be readily turned back clear of the
teeth. I prefer to provide the hinge or joint with a spring arranged to
keep the adjustable plate closely in contact with the back or stock, so
that when released after cleansing the curry-comb the said plate returns
automatically to the back or stock. A spiral spring may be advan-
tageously used for this purpose, such spring being coiled around the hinge
or joint pin and secured at one end to the adjustable plate. The notched
or serrated plates should be curved on their outer surfaces whereon the
teeth are formed to allow the curry-comb to be more conveniently
adapted to the form of the horse or other animal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HANGING AND SUPPORTING WINDOWS, DOORS, SHUTTERS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE MOVEABLE FITTINGS IN HOUSES, VEHICLES, STEAMBOATS, AND OTHER PLACES OR STRUCTURES IN WHICH SUCH FITTINGS ARE USED
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Craig at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1868.
I, THOMAS CRAIG, of 3, Carey Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HANGING AND SUPPORTING
WINDOWS, DOORS, SHUTTERS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE MOVEABLE FITTINGS IN HOUSES,
VEHICLES, STEAMBOATS, AND OTHER PLACES OR STRUCTURES IN WHICH SUCH FITTINGS
ARE USED," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in cutting a groove in one or both sides of
either the sash or frame of the window or other fittings to any required
depth or width, and inserting therein one or more loose or detached
rollers or wheels of india-rubber or any other elastic substance or com-
pound of any required dimensions, which when the window is put and
fixed in its place are to a certain extent compressed, and form a kind of
flat wedge when at rest capable of maintaining the sash in any position
to which it may be moved. In the process of moving the sashes up or
down the roller or wheels revolves and travels within the groove a distance
proportioned to that traversed by the sash, and regains its original

page_text: position when the sash is shut either up or down, as the case may be.
To facilitate the drawing up of the windows when they are of any
considerable weight it is intended to affix cords working in pulleys
inserted in the top of the frames, one for each sash, similar to the cords
in Venetian blinds. This can also be adapted to the windows of railway
carriages or those of any other structure. For very heavy windows, which
are also of large size, the cords working in pulleys can be attached to
both sashes so as to move them up and down simultaneously on the
counterbalancing principle, being steadied and kept in position by the
rollers.
The improvements can be adapted to existing windows, doors, shutters,
or other such moveable fittings without further alteration than detaching
the cord from the sash and cutting the groove as in a new window or
such moveable fitting.
The object of this Invention is to supersede all other methods by its
and dumbility
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BANDAGE TO. BE USED BY FEMALES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Byron Hubbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1868.-A communication from abroad by Augustus
Hubbell, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, THEODORE BYRON HUBBELL, of Euston Square, in the County: of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said:
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BANDAGE TO. BE USED BY
FEMALES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a bandage that will
recommend itself for comfort and economy to females when affected
"after the manner of women." It consists of an elastic waistband from
which depends a sack for containing some absorbent material. The
sack is formed of india-rubber,. and a sponge or cotton waste is placed
therein. It is connected to the waistband by pendent strips of rubber
attached by cement to the front and rear ends of the sack. When the
bandage is applied the waistband comes above the pelvis, the sack fits

page_text: close to the person, and the front pendent strips lie over the groin.
The points of the hips come between the front and back pendent strips
and thus serve to retain the bandage in place. The elasticity of every
part is thus ensured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Crane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
May 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY CRANE, of the Royal Exchange, in the City of
London, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in that description
of breech-loading fire-arms known as the depressing or falling barrel
action, in which the barrels are secured to the body of the gun by a
pivot or joint on which a lump attached to the under part of the
barrels is made to gear and turn, and in which two lumps nearer the
breech end of the barrels are made to doubly grip a horizontal circular
double locking bolt working within the body of the gun below the
breech.
According to my improvements I form a slot or groove in the
surface of the body on which the barrels bear on one side of the
recess, into which the lumps below the barrels descend and close to
the edge of such recess; in this slot I apply a horizontal rocking lever
or bar, the end of which furthest from the breech is acted upon from

page_text: beneath by a spring which always tends to elevate such extremity of
the lever, and thereby to depress the end nearest the brecch. The
lower surface of this portion of the lever is made to enter a step cut
on the top of one of the entering teeth of the circular double locking
bolt, so that when the bolt is turned to unlock the double grip of the
lumps, the spring will force down the lever into the step, and thus
securo the bolt in an unlocked position while the barrels are being
depressed and the gun charged at the breech. When, however, the
barrels are brought down to the surface of the body in order to reclose
the breech the under surface of the barrels presses on the tilted end
of the lever and forces it down against the action of its spring until
it assumes a position parallel with the level of the body, when the
step of the locking bolt being relieved from the locking action of the
lever permits of the bolt springing round on its pivot and thus instantly
locking the barrels by a self action, the locking bolt being turned to
unlock by a hand lever and releasing itself by an internal circular
spiral or helical spring of suitable construction and strength. In lieu
of the side lever action, which is dangerous on account of its springing
against the fingers and jamming them against the trigger guard, I
make the lever to work vertically, actuating a small pinion gearing
with a horizontal sliding toothed rack in connection with teeth cut
on the periphery of the lower part of the locking bolt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEDGING AND FASTENING FENCES AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Denoon Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1868.
I, WILLIAM DENOON YOUNG, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, Iron and Wire Fence Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEDGING
AND FASTENING FENCES AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of wedges to be
applied for the purpose of fastening together the bars of iron or metallic
fences, hurdles, gates, and other structures. The wedge in place of being
made to act on one side only of the bars which have to be secured has
two wedging or securing sides, which simultaneously act both vertically
and horizontally upon the bars, passing through the holes into which they
are secured; by this means the various parts of fences, hurdles, gates,
and other structures are much more securely held together than by
wedges as hitherto employed. The sectional form of the improved wedge
is that ordinarily known as "angle iron," and it may be used in
conjunction with bars made either with or without notches for catching

page_text: the bars with which they come in contact. In forming the notches in
the bars of metallic fences, gates, hurdles, or other similar structures,
they are produced by compression or indentation in place of being cut
out of the iron as hitherto, so that instead of weakening the bar by
the part cut out the section at the notch is unimpaired in strength..
Iи- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FINISHING OF HATS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Swithenbank at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1868.-Partly a communication from abroad by Mons'.
Charles Columba, residing at Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRY SWITHENBANK, of Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iи-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FINISHING OF
HATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be
used in the manufacture and finishing of hats. At the present time
hatters use an apparatus called a "potence," which is a bracket clamping
on to a bench or table, and having a standard carrying at its upper
end a rectangular projection on to which is fitted the half block or
semi-cylinder of wood on which silk hats are ironed.
According to this Invention I make the potence to receive in addition
to a half block which is held stationary whilst in use a whole block
which can be turned round whilst the hat is upon it so as to expose
every part of the hat in turn to the irou, or it may be the brush,

page_text: which is being used. In place of fixing the rectangular projection
rigidly to the standard as heretofore, I arrange it to turn upon a joint
so that instead of projecting to the front as it does when in use, and
when the half block is upon it, it can be turned to the back out of
the way, and I also mount similarly on the same standard a stud
or pin which is turned to the front when the whole block is to be used
so as to stand out horizontally from the front of the standard. The
whole block has a socket fitted into it, and when the whole block is
mounted for use the stud or pin of the potence enters this socket, and
the stud then serves as an axis on which the hat block is able to
rotate, sometimes I apply a small band pulley to the socket and pass
a band from it around a wheel driven by a treadle or otherwise, and
so the block with the hat which is placed upon it can be rapidly
rotated whilst the operation of brushing or ironing is in progress. In
order that the crown of the hat may be conveniently operated upon, I
so arrange that the stud or pin on which the whole block is fitted may
be turned up into a vertical position and there secured by a locking pin,
a separate top block may then be employed adapted to fit on to the
stud or pin. If desired a joint may be formed in the standard so that
its upper part can be turned round by the workman to any position
which he requires. In some cases the rectangular projection for the
half block may be altogether dispensed with, but it is usually advan-
tageous to retain it.
IMPROVED LABEL ATTACHMENTS FOR POISON BOTTLES AND BOTTLES CONTAINING DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jarvis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1868.
I, WILLIAM JARVIS, of New Brighton, in the County of Chester,
Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED LABEL ATTACHMENTS FOR POISON BOTTLES AND BOTTLES
CONTAINING DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent bottles containing poison
or other dangerous substances from being mistaken, as well in the
dark as during light, for other bottles; in other words, to reduce the
chances of accidental poisoning, or damage from explosion or ignition
of dangerous compounds or substances, to a minimum.
For this purpose I employ a label attachment for each bottle, that is
to say, a label, the usual caution being printed or marked on its surface,
which can be easily and quickly attached to bottles of all kinds. The
said label attachment is so formed, and this is one of its distinguishing
features, that when in position over the neck or other part of a bottle it
projects beyond the circumference or sides a considerable distance,

page_text: thereby rendering it impossible that a bottle so fitted can be grasped
and used without an appeal being made through the sense of touch or
through the senses of touch and sight.
The form of the label attachment, as will be obvious, may be very
diversified. I prefer the following:-I take a piece of flexible card-
board and pass it around the neck of the bottle; when in that position
I fasten the sides by a stud or otherwise, and thereby leave a conical
cardboard projection or shield which very much resembles an ordinary
shade fitted to a Carcel or other lamp. Metal or other material can be
used in place of the cardboard; I prefer the latter because it is not
costly and it retains the shape.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Moore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1868.
JAMES MOORE, of Moston, near Failsworth, near the City of
Manchester, Silk Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object to be attained in the processes hereafter described is to
procure an even and level surface of cloth whether woven by hand.
or by power.
My improvements consist,―
First. In the improved manner or method of laying the weft in the
shed. This improvement consists in laying the weft more openly
in the shed, by preventing the different folds from twisting round
each other, and also by preventing one fold from riding on the other.
The means adopted to carry out this improved laying of the weft
consists in using weft of finer counts, so as to admit of two or more
picks being shot into the same shed. The first of these picks is
confined in its place by crossing the shed in the selvage on the return

page_text: side, after the pick has passed through. The pick then passes back
through the reversed shed of the return selvage and into the same
shed, as regards the main body of the warp and as regards the selvage
on the starting side, as that into which the first pick was shot. It
is now the turn of the selvage on the starting side to be reversed in
the shed.
Secondly. In the increased facility afforded of mixing the weft, and
also of introducing a change in the nature or kind of weft. The
object in thus mixing the weft is to regulate the inner qualities that
may exist in it, by diminishing the chances of the coarse or all the
fine coming together in one place. To accomplish this it has hitherto
required the use of the pick and pick loom, but by the peculiar method
adopted by me of manipulating two or more shutters in connection
with the treading of the healds or the shedding the ordinary lay or
fly with two or more shuttle boxes at one end may be used. The
means adopted for this consist in the use of two shuttles, the shooting
of two picks from cach in succession, and in putting two picks as
before into the same shed; but in starting an odd pick only is to be
used, and this is accomplished by removing the bottom shuttle from
its box and placing it at the single end of the lay, and then picking
it back into its proper box; the boxes which were raised to admit of
this are then dropped, and the top shuttle is passed through the same
shed in the body of the warp as that in which the previous or bottom
shuttle was passed. The shed in the body of the warp is then reversed,
thus two picks from two different shuttles have been shot in this
one shed.
In certain cases I subdivide the entire pick into two or
more folds, and give to each fold a separate shuttle.
Thirdly. The above improvements may be used either separately.
or combined.
This Invention is applicable to all plain fabrics, whether, of silk
or of cotton, linen, or worsted, however combined with one another
or with silk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Ash Israel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1868.
I, LOUIS ASH ISRAEL, of No. 1, Crescent, Minories, London, E., do
hereby declare the nature of the said "Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SULPHURIC
ACID," to be as follows:-
I purpose in the first place to generate the gases and steam used in
the manufacture of sulphuric acid in the ordinary way by means of a
furnace in which to burn the sulphur and decompose the nitrate of
potash or soda, and a boiler in which to generate the steam. I then
pass the mechanically combined gases, also the steam, by separate pipes
into a cylindrical vessel of lead, earthenware, or any other suitable
material. This vessel is fitted as follows:-" At the top of the vessel in
the centre of the cover is fitted a stuffing box; through the stuffing box
passes a rod of metal or any other suitable material to the bottom of the
chamber and working loose in the stuffing box with a revolving motion
when at work; the part of the rod in the chamber is fitted with a
number of vanes set at a small angle, and will be similar in its action to

page_text: the screw of a screw steam vessel. The end of the rod projecting from
the chamber is placed in connection with a steam engine or any other
kind of motive power, and the power communicated either by a band or
gearing gives the screw-like apparatus within the chamber a revolving
motion with a high rate of speed. In the upper part of the chamber is
a pipe communicating directly with the external atmosphere for the
double purpose of admitting the necessary supply of air and of carrying
off the waste gases and another pipe perforated with small holes
and arranged in a circle round the upper part of the inside of the
chamber; one end passes through the cover of the chamber and com-
municates with a cistern of water, the supply to be regulated by a
stop-cock or valve as required; the effect of the various fine streams of
water coming in contact with the rapidly revolving vanes being to beat
the water into a fine spray, which immediately absorbs the combined
gases. An exit pipe is provided at the bottom of the cylindrical vessel
for the purpose of drawing off the acid if required, or of running it into
another vessel fitted in a similar manner, in which the process is repeated
till the proper density is attained. The acid is now led directly into the
concentrating apparatus, consisting of a long coil of lead pipe and
another coil of steam pipe forming a double coil of pipes; the coil of
lead pipe contains the acid, the iron pipe highly superheated steam; or
the apparatus may consist of a single coil of pipe of suitable material,
and the highly superheated steam may be blown through the coil and
over the surface of the acid. At the end of the lead pipe is a reservoir
for the purpose of storing the concentrated acid. By means of this
apparatus the acid can be concentrated to any strength required.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL APPLICABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th February 1868.-A communication from abroad by Louis
Auguste Roux, Manufacturer of Hosiery, of 29, Boulevart St.
Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL APPLICABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED
AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of a weft in all kinds of
machine knitted fabrics to be used more particularly in the manufacture
of cloth fabrics, and also for other fabrics in which fulling is not
required.
All machine knitted webs hitherto made possess great elasticity,
rendering them suitable for a variety of purposes; thus after being fulled
and felted they may be applied for the manufacture of gloves, gaiters,
and other articles in which elasticity is desirable; this elasticity however
becomes an insurmountable objection to the employment of such webs
in the manufacture of large surfaces of material, such as in the case of
what is generally known as beaver or satin cloth.

page_text: The improved knitted weft fabric of this Invention does not possess
the above disadvantage, and after being fulled and having the nap raised
and otherwise prepared and sheared in the ordinary way a cloth is
produced which excels in quality any hitherto made, and equal also in
appearance. These machine webs are readily produced at but small
cost, and another advantage consists in the capability by the aid of this
improved fabric of making whole pieces of cloth in the loom of any form
desired. The weft may be applied in all machines for the manufacture
of knitted webs, but more particularly in stocking frames and warp or
net machines. For ordinary stocking frames and warp machines
worked by hand the weft is to be led to the needles by the aid of a
conductor set in motion by a treadle. In machine stocking frames the
said conductor or thrower will be set in motion by the shaft. Lastly,
in those warp or net machines driven by power the conductor will
receive motion either by the aid of the shaft or an auxiliary part. These
improvements are also applicable to curvilinear or circular looms.
The Invention thus consists in the production of a knitted weft fabric
in all kinds of looms to be used either without being fulled or when
fulled for the manufacture of cloth fabrics.