IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING YARNS AND THREADS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Evans, of Derby, in the County of Derby,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING YARNS
AND THREADS."
Sealed the 23rd October 1860, and dated the 8th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1860.
I, WALTER EVANS, of Derby, in the County of Derby, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING
YARNS AND THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for polishing
yarns and threads. For this purpose, in place of polishing the yarn or
thread whilst in the hank, or as it passes direct from one beam to another
as heretofore, the yarns or threads to be polished are, when sized, and in
a damp state, wound spirally around two or more rollers on parallel axes,
the several coils of the spiral being kept separate the one from the other by
each coil being passed through a reed. A slow rotary motion is given to
one of the rollers by which the yarn or thread is wound on to the rollers at
one end of the coil, and is unwound from the rollers at the other end of the
coil. The yarn or thread is when distended between the rollers, and as it is

page_text: caused to travel onwards by their revolution, subjected to the friction of polish-
ing instruments, such as a bright metal heated cylinder having brushes attached
to its periphery at intervals, as described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to myself and to Samuel Evans and Henry Evans, and dated the 10th
November 1859 (No. 2558), or other polishing instruments may be employed.
The yarns or threads may either be wound singly in spiral coils around the
rollers, or several yarns or threads together may be thus wound around the
rollers. The rollers around which the yarns or threads are wound are, by
preference, made conical so as to take up the slack of the yarn or thread
,caused by its stretching whilst drying.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Walter Evans in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
EVANS, of Derby, in the County, of Derby, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Walter Evans, Her special licence that I, the said Walter Evans,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Walter Evans, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POLISHING YARNS AND THREADS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Walter Evans, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Evans, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is. to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for polishing
yarns and threads. For this purpose, in place of polishing the yarn or thread
whilst in the hank, or as it passes direct from one beam to another as heretofore,
the yarns or thread to be polished are, when sized and in a damp state, wound
spirally around two or more rollers on parallel axes, the several coils of the
spiral being kept separate the one from the other by each coil being passed
through a reed. A slow rotary motion is given to one of the rollers by which
the yarn or thread is wound on to the rollers at one end of the coil, and is
unwound from the rollers at the other end of the coil. The yarn or thread is
when distended between the rollers, and as it is caused to travel onwards by
their revolution, subjected to the friction of polishing instruments, such as a
bright metal heated cylinder, having brushes attached to its periphery at
intervals, as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to myself and
to Samuel Evans and Henry Evans, and dated the 10th November 1859,
(No. 2558), or other polishing instruments may be employed. The yarns or
threads may either be wound singly in spiral coils around the rollers, or
several yarns or threads together may be thus wound around the rollers. The
rollers around which the yarns or threads are wound are, by preference, made
conical, so as to take up the slack of the yarn or thread caused by its stretch-
ing whilst drying.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood, I will proceed
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an end elevation, and Figure 2 a side view, of a machine for
polishing yarns and threads arranged in the manner I prefer for carrying out
my Invention. A, A, are a set of bobbins on which the thread to be polished is
wound; B, a trough containing size through which the threads are passed, the
superfluous size being pressed out by the rollers C and D, and the required
tension being put on the thread by retarding the roller C, by means of a strap
and weight; E, F, represents the framework of the polishing machine; G, &
hollow bright metal cylinder supported on hollow axes by the framing F,
and heated by steam supplied by the pipe H through one of the hollow axes;
the other axis is connected in a similar manner to a pipe H¹ through which i
the condensed water is conveyed away from the cylinder, the pipe H¹ being
bent downwards within the cylinder so that its end is close to its lowest part;

page_text: the cylinder has also attached at intervals around its periphery brushes or
other suitable material, as described in the Specification above referred to; I
and K are rollers over which the threads to be polished are wound from end
to end in a spiral form, and the rollers are so placed that the threads whilst.
stretched over them are slightly pressed against the heated cylinder; both of
the rollers are slightly coned, their smallest diameter being at the point at.
which the yarn or thread. comes on to the rollers. To the end of the upper
roller a toothed wheel M (Figure 2) is attached, which is driven by other
wheels, which are set in motion by a toothed wheel N on the axis of the
cylinder G, and by which the speed of the rollers is regulated. The axes of the
roller K are carried by the arms L', which turn at their other ends on centres
carried by lever L, which itself turns upon the centre R on the framework.
of the machine, so that when the machine is at rest the roller K may be
moved into the position shewn in dotted lines at Figure 1 (the ends of the
roller K sliding in two slots fixed to the inside of the framing of the machine,
the curve of the slots being part of a circle the centre of which is the axis
of the upper roller. I). In order that the threads distended between the rollers
I and K may be kept out of contact with the cylinder G, as the heat of the
cylinder would otherwise dry the threads and canse them to adhere to the
cylinder, T is a reed which guides and separates the threads. In working
the machine, the threads, after passing the sizing trough in the form of a
small warp, are passed under the roller K, over the roller I, and are then
threaded through spaces in the reed commencing at the point P, either singly
or a few threads through each space; they are then passed under the roller K,
over the upper roller I, and are again threaded through the next spaces in the
reed, and so on until the reed is filled and the rollers covered; the threads
being wrapped in a spiral form over both rollers from end to end, and separated
and kept in their places by being passed through the reed at each wrap.
When the cylinder G is set in motion by the driving pulley O, (Figure 2,) the
upper roller I is at the same time driven slowly by the wheels which connect
the axis of the cylinder and that of the upper roller. The roller I in its
revolution carries the thread forward, drawing it slowly from the bobbins
through the sizing trough and on to the rollers, and again giving it off at
the delivery end. The threads in their progress and whilst distended between
the two rollers are polished and dried, and caused to acquire a glacé appear-
ance by the friction of the brushes or other materials attached to the cylinder,
and by the heat and friction of the cylinder itself. The finished threads on
leaving the roller I, may be either wound at once on to separate bobbins on a

page_text: common winding machine, or they may be wound on to a small roller, and from
thence transferred to the winding machine.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would state that other polishing instruments may be
used for polishing the yarn or thread, in place of employing a heated cylinder
having brushes or other material attached to it as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Evans, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
WALTER EVANS. (L.s.)