IMPROVEMENTS IN FLEXIBLE BAGS, SACKS OR BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING OIL AND OTHER LIQUIDS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
I, THOMAS GATES of Hatton Wall, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FLEXIBLE BAGS, SACKS OR BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING OIL AND OTHER LIQUIDS
FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is the production of flexible circular bellows like
bags sacks or bottles for containing oil and other liquids to be used for various
purposes. The said bags, sacks or bottles are made of any suitable impervious .
material such as skin or bladder or other membrane produced from the intestines
of animals, or such like material not likely to be affected; or acted upon by the oil
or other liquid contained within the said flexible sack, bag, or bottle. I will
describe my invention as applied to pressure lamps, or lamps in which the oil
contained within a flexible, bag or sack is raised from a lower to a higher level;
that is, the lamp is furnished with a supplementary chamber or reservoir in the
form of a flexible bag, from which hydro-carbon or other oil to be raised, is forced
by spring pressure, which collapses the bag; and unless some lateral support is
provided, the bag becomes distorted in shape and consequently is uncertain in its
action; from the fact that when filled with oil or liquid, the angular or circular
folds or gussets straighten out by the weight or pressure of the liquid or semi-
liquid contained therein.
In carrying my invention into effect, I make a plain cylinder or bag of any
suitable size, of goldbeaters skin or such other skin or membrane of like nature.
The material composing the bag is then folded into a continuous series of circular
or annular pleats or open gussets, like the gussets or folds of circular bellows, so
that the bag or sack shall be capable of collapsing and distending itself in a
uniform and even manner; by each of the annular or circular folds closing
uniformally upon each other, or opening out as the case may be; that is to say, the
sides of the material composing the bag is folded into a continuous series of circular
pleats of a
like form in section, by contracting or gathering in the material
at equi-distant points, so as to produce a series (when opened out) of ring like ruts
or depressions around the sides of the bag; and in order to prevent the gathered in
parts of the pleats or gussets, which are of smaller diameter, from straightening out,
Price 6d1

page_text: or becoming distorted by the weight of the liquid contained therein; or by pressure
applied thereto, when expelling oil by the tension of a spring or otherwise. I place
around, and affix within the ruts or gathered in parts of the bellows bag, rings of
string or other suitable material, which are uniform in size or diameter through out
their entire series. The string rings described form a lateral outside support to the
sides of the bag, and prevent the bulging out or distension of the parts of the said
bag, which are of smaller diameter; and consequently preserving its structural
character by confining or limiting the bulging outwards to the extent only of the
supporting string rings as described; and in order to prevent the distension or
opening out of the folds of the gussets too far, on the bag or sack being filled with
oil internal or external string straps are made to cross the gussets or folds, so as to
limit their opening out; that is, these string stay like supports, cross the angles or
folds of larger diameter preferably on the inside of the bag, so that the folds or
gussets of the bag always remain at an angle most favourable for collapsing. The
shape of the bellows like bag or sack described is therefore preserved in shape or
.configuration by both lateral and longitudinal stay supports.
Although I have described the stays or supports to be made of string, yet strips,
cords or rings, of other materials (even metal), may be used with like effect; also
the attachment of the string or other like supports of the gussets may be effected at
a time when the skins are wet, or may be attached by cement or by other means.
The bag may be provided with a solid bottom of a dissimilar material, or may be
made of the same material of which the bag is formed, and so shaped and affixed
thereto, so as to be made sound.
34404970:
The mouth of the bag may either be contracted into the form of a neck; or be
left open or wide according to the object to which it is to be applied.
.
JEC).
.")
"The bags may be made uniform in diameter, or they may be made larger or
smaller at the top or bottom as may be desired.
'j
57
Although I have described my invention as applied to bags or sacks for con-
taining oil for pressure lamps, yet I wish it to be understood that 'the appli-
cation of my invention to flexible bags, sacks or bottles for containing oil and other
liquids, to be used for various purposes, differs in no essential respect from its.
application to a bag or sack for containing oil as herein before described..
"

page_text: I, THOMAS GATES of Hatton Wall, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FLEXIBLE BAGS, SACKS OR BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING OIL AND OTHER, LIQUIDS
FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is the production of flexible circular bellows like
bags, sacks, or bottles for containing Oil and other liquids to be used for various
purposes The said bags, sacks or bottles are made of any suitable impervious
material such as skin or bladder or other membrane produced from the intestines
of animals, or such like material not likely to be affected or acted upon by the oil
or other liquid contained within the said flexible bag, sack or bottle-I will
describe my invention as applied to pressure lamps, or lamps in which the oil
contained within a flexible bag or sack is raised from a lower to a higher level;
that is, the lamp is furnished with a supplementary chamber or reservoir in the
form of a flexible bag, from which hydro-carbon or other oil to be raised, is forced
by spring pressure, which collapses the bag, and unless some lateral support is
provided the bag becomes distorted in shape and consequently is uncertain in its
action, from the fact that when filled with oil or liquid the annular or circular
folds or gussets straighten out by the weight or pressure of the liquid or semi-
liquid contained therein.
In carrying my invention into effect I make a plain cylinder or bag of any
suitable size of gold-beaters skin or such other skin or membrane of like nature-
The material composing the bag is then folded into a continuous series of circular
or annular pleats or open gussets, like the gussets or folds of circular bellows, so
that the bag or sack shall be capable of collapsing and distending itself in a
uniform and even manner; by each of the annular or circular folds, closing
uniformly upon each other, or opening out as the case may be; that is to say, the
sides of the material composing the bag is folded into a continuous series of
circular pleats of a like form in section, by contracting or gathering in the
material at equidistant points, so as to produce a series (when opened out) of ring
like ruts or depressions around the sides of the bag; and in order to prevent the
gathered in parts of the pleats or gussets, which are of smaller diameter from
straightening out, or becoming distorted by the weight of the liquid contained
therein, or by pressure applied thereto, when expelling oil by the tension of a
spring or otherwise, I place around and affix within the ruts or gathered in parts
of the bellows bag, rings of string or other suitable material, which are uniform
in size or diameter throughout their entire series--The string rings described form
a lateral outside support to the sides of the bag, and prevent the bulging out or
distension of the parts of the said bag, which are of smaller diameter; and
consequently, preserving its structural character by confining or limiting the
bulging outwards to the extent only of the supporting string rings as described;"

page_text: and in order to prevent the distension or opening out of the folds of the gussets
too far, on the bag or sack being filled with oil internal or external, string stays
are made to cross the gussets or folds, so as to limit their opening out; that is,
these string stay like supports, cross the angles or folds of larger diameter
preferably on the inside of the bag; so that the folds or gussets of the bag
always remain at an angle most favourable for collapsing-The shape of the
bellows like bag or sack described is therefore préserved in shape or configuration
by both lateral and longitudinal stay supports..
1
Although I have described the stays or supports to be made of string, yet strips,
cords or rings of other materials (even metal) may be used with like effect; also
the attachment of the string or other like supports of the gussets may be effected
at a time when the skins are wet, or may be attached by cement or by other
means.
7
The bag may be provided with a solid bottom of a dissimilar material or may
be made of the same material, of which the bag is formed, and so shaped and
affixed thereto, so as to be made, sound.
The mouth of the bag may either be contracted into the form of a neck, or be
left open or wide according to the object to which it is to be applied.
The bags may be made uniform in diameter or they may be made larger or
smaller at the top or bottom as may be desired.
Although I have described my invention as applied to bags or sacks for
containing oil for pressure lamps, yet I wish it to be understood that the application
of rinvention to flexible bags, sacks or bottles for containing oil and other
liquids to be used for various purposes, differs in no essential respect from its
application to a bag or sack for containing oil as hereinbefore described.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings,
the manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation, a gusseted bag or sack made or constructed
according to my invention. Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section on the
dotted lines A B figure 1, the bag is represented open at top and bottom, and
provided with distending or annular wooden rings, for the purpose of preserving
the form of the bag. Figure 3 is a plan of figure 1 upon the dotted lines CD,
and figure 4 is a plain bag (in section) consisting essentially of a cylinder
composed of bladder, skin, or other membrane, or other yielding material, and from
this cylinder figure 4, the bag figure 1 is made. Figure 5 is an elevation of a bag,
before the lateral and transverse supports or stays are applied. Figure 6 is a section
of the bag figure 1 in its collapsed position. Figure 7 is a transverse view on the
dotted lines E F. Figure 8 is a section of the lower portion of a bag, provided'
with a skin bottom, the gussets or folds being prevented from opening out to far,
by web like filaments crossing the insides of the outside folds. Figure 9 represents
a flexible bottle constructed according to my invention.
In making the flexible bag figure 1, I proceed as follows-I take a plain
cylinder figure 4 composed of either skin, bladder, membrane or other flexible or
yielding material, and I form the bag figure 5 therefrom; the said bag consists
essentially of a continuous series of annular pleats or folds a, which are made
preferably of a
form; these pleats or circular gussets are produced by
contracting or gathering in the material of the sides of the cylinder figure 4 at
equi-distant-points; and in order to prevent the gathered in or narrowed parts b
of the gussets or pleats a, from straightening or opening out, or becoming
distorted by the liquid, or semi-liquid substance placed therein, or by pressure
applied thereto in expelling oil by the tension of a spring, (in the case of a lamp),
I place around and affix within the ruts or gathered in parts of the bellows like
bag, rings d of string or other suitable material. The string rings are uniform in
diameter throughout their entire series, when applied to a cylinder like bag of the
kind represented. These string rings form lateral outside supports to the sides of.
the bag, and prevent the bulging out, distension or distortion of the parts or

page_text: gussets, which are of smaller diameter, and thus preserving the structural character
of the bag, by confining or limiting the bulging outwards, to the extent only of
the supporting string rings. These string ring supports may be attached or
connected to the inside of the gussets, instead of on the outside as represented.
In order to prevent the distension or opening out longitudinally of the folds too
far, string or other web like stays e are arranged; that is, the stays or webs e cross
transversely the angles of the gussets or folds, of larger diameter; which webs
always keep the gussets at an angle most favourable for collapsing. The bellows
like bag as described, is in consequence of the lateral and longitudinal stay supports
always preserved in shape. The top and bottom ends ff of the bag, are made of
greater diameter than the folds, so that the movement or action of the bag in
collapsing and opening out, prevents the ends of the folds from touching or
coming in direct contact with the sides of the vessel in which it is placed (as in
the case of a lamp).
The broading out of the ends, forms an important feature of the bag inasmuch
as the folds or gussets are effectually preserved from friction or contact. 9 g are
wooden rings placed inside the open ends of the bag; this is not necessary, as
metal or other enclosures may be employed; and further, the bag may have a skin
bottom as represented in figure 8. h is the skin bottom, and h² a gusset in the
Baid bottom. In figure 8 the opening out of the folds longitudinally too far, are
prevented by web like filaments i which are fashioned or drawn out from the
material constituting the sides of the bag. In figure 9 the lateral supporting rings
are made of varying diameters to suit the character and shape of the bottle, and
further I wish it to be understood that my invention is equally applicable to all
forms and shapes of bags, sacks and other vessels for containing liquids and semi-
liquids for various purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Constructing flexible bellows or gusseted like bags, sacks, bottles or other
vessels hereinbefore described and illustrated in the several figures of the Drawings;
that is to say, preserving the structural character or figure of flexible bellows or
gusset like bags, by confining, limiting and supporting the sides and folds (inside
and outside) by stays, both laterally and longitudinally; the former by means of
annular strings or rings encircling the sides of the bag and lying within the
gathered in parts or hollows of the gussets; the latter by strings, filaments or
webs crossing the inner angles or divisions of the outer folds, also the enlarged
extremities for preserving the edges of the folds from coming in direct contact
with any object when in use, the parts being arranged, combined and acting in the
way and for the purpose substantially as described and set forth.