IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING OR COOLING APPARATUS FOR THE PRE- SERVATION OF FOOD AND SIMILAR PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, &
Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING OR COOLING APPARATUS FOR THE PRE-
SERVATION OF FOOD AND SIMILAR PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by James Amaziah Whitney, of
the City and State of New York, United States of America, Counsellor at
Law
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1878.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING OR COOLING
APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF FOOD AND SIMILAR PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by James Amaziah
Whitney, of the City and State of New York, United States of America, Counsellor
at Law.]
If atmospheric air or other elastic fluid or gas be compressed and then allowed
to expand, and in expanding be caused to perform work, or in other words be used
as a source of force or energy, the air thus used will be reduced in temperature to
an extent proportioned to the amount of work performed, that is to say, in
proportion to the amount of force or energy expended.
One object of this Invention is to provide an effective and comparatively simple
means for utilizing this property of air and gases in the preservation of meat,
vegetables, and other perishable articles of food, and for other purposes which may
require a low temperature or the employment of cooled or refrigerated air or gases.
Another object of the said Invention is to effect (under those circumstances
where the saving of power may be an object) the distribution of cooled air
throughout the place or structure to be cooled without the waste of power and
Price 8d.1

page_text: diminished motion of the circulated air which are incident to the use of horizontal
pipes or conduits for conducting the air to different parts of the horizontal area of
the room or structure to be cooled.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide an air-compressing
apparatus of any suitable kind or construction, a reservoir into which air is
compressed by the aforesaid compressor, and an engine or motor of any suitable
kind or construction, and operated by the compressed air from the aforesaid
reservoir. I also provide in or in connection with the room or structure to be
cooled, one or more fans or blowers for circulating the air contained therein. The
fan or blower is driven by the compressed-air motor. The exhaust of the said
motor connects by a pipe or passage with the structure to be cooled. The force or
energy expended by or eliminated from the compressed air in driving the motor to
operate the fan or blower causes a corresponding reduction of temperature in the
said air, so that when it escapes and expands from the exhaust of the motor to the
structure aforesaid it is intensely cold. As this cold air issues in a stream or in a
jet or jets to the structure it is caused to mingle with a larger volume of air circu-
lated within the said structure by the fan or blower. This is effected in a passage
or chamber connected with the mouth or outlet of the fan or blower. The
extremely cold air being thus diluted with that of more moderate temperature
before passing into the structure to be cooled there is ensured an equable diffusion
of the refrigerating effect throughout the said structure. I provide for use under
some conditions a pipe or system of pipes placed at the ceiling of the structure to
be cooled, preferably perforated along their length and connected with the inlet of
the fan or blower; the function of this pipe or pipes is to cause the air within the
structure to pass to all parts thereof when circulated by the fan or blower, the
volume of air set in motion by the fan or blower passing into said pipe or system
of pipes, thence through the fan or blower, thence into and through the passage or
chamber in which it is mingled with the colder air from the exhaust of the
compressed-air motor, and thence through an opening at the bottom of the said
passage or chamber back to the structure, and so on in continuous circulation. The
air compressed by the air-compressor is derived from the structure to be cooled,
being passed therefrom through a pipe connecting the same with the inlet port or
passage of the air-compressor, and after being compressed and used for actuating
the motor is ejected from the exhaust of the latter to the aforesaid structure to be
incorporated with the air therein, as just hereinbefore explained. Motion is trans-
mitted from the compressed air motor to the fan or blower by means of a belt
extending from a fast and a loose pulley on the shaft driven by the said motor to
like pulleys on the shaft of the fan or blower. Provided in connection with the
air-compressor is a fast and a loose pulley, which I term independent pulleys, and
from which a suitable belt extends to corresponding pulleys on the aforesaid shaft
of the fan or blower. A shipping lever is arranged to simultaneously shift the two
belts so as to cause the fan or blower to be operated either from the compressed-air
motor, as hereinbefore explained, or from the independent fast pulley when the
compressed-air motor is not in motion, as hereinafter set forth. The said shipping
lever also actuates a rod to which are connected two cocks, one provided to shut off
the flow of compressed air to the motor and thus stop the motion of the latter, and
the other a three-way cock provided to close the inlet of the compressed air
reservoir, and to open communication between the air-compressor and a branch-
pipe which leads to the structure to be cooled. When the temperature within the
said structure falls below what is desired the shifting of the belts causes the fan or
blower to be operated from the independent pulley, and the simultaneous movement
of the rod aforesaid turns the valves to stop the compressed-air motor, and to cause
the air from the compressor to flow without appreciable compression direct from the
said compressor to the structure to be cooled. By this means the refrigeration of
the structure to be cooled may be limited at any degree required; as for example,
to avoid freezing the contents of said structure without interfering with the
circulation of the air effected within said structure by the fan or blower. The

page_text: refrigeration is of course recommenced by simply operating the shipping lever to
bring the parts into their first positions, to again cause the fan or blower to be
operated by the compressed-air motor, and to inject the cold exhaust air from said
motor to cool the air within the structure, as herein before explained. The tempe-
rature within the said structure may be signalled by a suitable thermostat operating
in connection with an appropriate system of electric signals. In order to deprive
the compressed air of any excess of moisture a quantity of glycerine may be placed
in the lower part of the compressed air reservoir, suitable means being provided for
drawing off and replacing the glycerine when it becomes too dilute. It is to be
understood that carbonic-acid gas, nitrogen, or other gas practically neutral in its
effect on meat, vegetables, fruits, and the like may be substituted for atmospheric
air in the structure to be cooled when said structure is employed for the preservation
of perishable articles of food, and that such gas will be cooled or refrigerated in the
operation of the said Invention in the same manner as is the case with the atmo-
spheric air. Inasmuch as the use of horizontal pipes for causing the air circulated
by the fan or blower to be distributed to different parts of the horizontal area of
the structure to be cooled is under many conditions objectionable, I substitute
therefor in such cases another means for ensuring the desired circulation and
distribution of the air within the structure. This consists of two fans or blowers
(of which one may be that driven from the compressed-air motor). The inlet of
one of these fans or blowers (for example, that driven by the compressed-air motor)
should be extended to the upper part of the structure and its outlet nearly to the
floor thereof (vertical pipes or passages of greater or less width are requisite to this,
and the cold exhaust air is injected into one of these to mix with the air passed
through the fan or blower before being passed into the structure itself). The other
fan or blower has its inlet and outlet similarly extended, except that its outlet is
above and its inlet below. The two fans or blowers are rotated simultaneously by
suitable connections, so that the inlet of each draws in air in substantial unison
with the outflow of air from the outlet of the other, the air moving within the
structure from one fan or blower to the other and back again continuously. Broad
volumes of air are thus set in motion in opposite directions on the upper and lower
portions of the structure, and this ensures the full circulation of the said air
contained in the structure and its distribution throughout the latter. This same
means of distributing the air by the agency of the two co-acting fans or blowers
placed at opposite or different sides of the structure to be cooled may also be very
advantageously employed in structures in which the air is cooled by being simply
passed through or in contact with the ice placed in a suitable ice-box. In such
cases the outlet of one of the fans or blowers connects with the ice-box in such
manner that the air passed out of said fan or blower is caused to pass through the
ice-box before issuing into the structure. In other words, the air in passing from
one to the other of the said fans or blowers and back again (for continuous circu-
lation and distribution within the structure) is caused to pass through or in contact
with the ice in the ice-box, and is cooled thereby in lieu of being cooled by other
agencies. This portion of the said Invention, namely, the circulation and distri-
bution of the uniform.contents of the structure by the joint action of two fans or
blowers placed at different sides of the said structure is therefore not only applicable
to structures in which the air or aeriform contents of the structure is cooled, as first
herein before set forth, but also to those in which said air or aeriform contents is
cooled in other ways. It will be seen from the foregoing description that the said
Invention includes numerous and various combinations of parts for securing the
requisite reduction of temperature in the place or structure to be cooled for keeping
said temperature under control for ensuring the requisite circulation and distribution
of the cooled air in and throughout the said place or structure, and generally for
providing effecient means of refrigeration for various purposes.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th May 1879.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING OR COOLING,
APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF FOOD AND SIMILAR PERISHABLE SUBSTANCES,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by James Amaziah
Whitney, of the City and State of New York, United States of America, Counsellor
at Law.
If atmospheric air or other elastic fluid or gas be compressed and then allowed to
expand, and in expanding be caused to perform work, or in other words be used
as a source of force or energy, the air thus used will be reduced in temperature to
an extent proportioned to the amount of work performed, that is to say, in pro-
portion to the amount of force or energy expended. The principal object of this
Invention is to provide an effective and comparatively simple means for using this
property of air and gases in cooling or refrigeration for the preservation of meats,
vegetables, and other perishable articles of food, and for other purposes which may
require a low temperature or the employment of cooled or refrigerated air or
gas.
The said Invention comprises the combination of a motor operated by compressed
air, a fan or blower, and a pipe or passage extending from the exhaust of the said
motor to the place or structure to be cooled, in such a manner that the expanded
air from the motor, reduced in temperature because of the force or energy expended
in driving the fan or blower, is mingled with the atmosphere of or within the said
place or structure to be cooled. It also comprises the combination of a fan or
blower, an air-compressor having its inlet port or passage in communication with
the place or structure to be cooled, and a compressed-air motor for operating the
said fan or blower, and having its exhaust port or passage in communication with
the said place or structure to be cooled, whereby the air to be compressed, used for
operating the said motor, and thereby reduced in temperature, is repeatedly drawn
from and returned to said place or structure, in order that the refrigerating effect
of the expanded air be so far as practicable retained in the said place or structure.
The said Invention also comprises the combination of a device or appliance (as for
example the exhaust pipe or passage of a compressed air motor) for injecting a jot
or jets of cold air into the place or structure to be cooled, and a fan or blower for
mingling the thus injected cold air with the volume of air of higher temperature
contained in the said place or structure, in order that the refrigerating effect may be
uniformly distributed throughout such volume of air, and in order that the excessive
refrigeration of any one portion of said place or structure may be avoided. Also
the combination of an air compressor, an air pipe leading thereto from the place or
structure to be cooled, a compressed air reservoir, and a compressed air motor
having its exhaust port or passage communicating with the place or structure to be
cooled, whereby the most efficient co-operation of the compressor, motor, and fan or
blower in cooling and circulating the air within the place or structure to be cooled
is secured. The said Invention also comprises the combination of an air compressor
or compressed air reservoir, a compressed air motor having its exhaust port or
passage communicating with the place or structure to be cooled, a system of con-
nected cocks or valves, and an outlet pipe extending from the pipe or passage which
connects the air-compressor with the compressed air-reservoir, whereby provision is
made for stopping the compressed air motor (when the temperature of the place or
structure to be cooled has reached the lowest point desired) without stopping the
motion of the air compressor, and without accumulating an undue pressure in the
compressed air reservoir. It also comprises the combination of a chamber or passage
with the exhaust pipe or passage of a compressed-air motor, and, a fan or blower

page_text: for circulating through said chamber or passage the volume of air within the
structure to be cooled, whereby provision is made for securing the effective admix-
ture of the cold air injected from the exhaust pipe or passage of the compressed air
motor with a current of air drawn from the place or structure to be cooled, and
returned thereto so as to avoid the direct introduction of the undiluted cold air
into the said place or structure, and the local freezing effect that might be incident
thereto. The said Invention also comprises the combination of the outlet pipe
hereinbefore referred to, a cock or valve placed to operate in connection with the
compressed air reservoir, an air compressor, a compressed-air reservoir, and a com-
pressed air motor having its exhaust port or passage communicating with the placo
or structure to be cooled, whereby provision is made for directing the air from the
air-compressor either into the compressed-air reservoir in order that it may actuato
the motor before being passed into the place or structure to be cooled, or (when
the desired limit of reduction of temperature is attained in said place or structure)
direct from the compressor to the place or structure aforesaid. Also the combination
of a shifting device with the hereinbefore indicated cock or valve of the compressed-
air reservoir, a cock, or valve in connection with the inlet port of the compressed-
air motor, a fan or blower, and a belt or gearing for transmitting power from the
said motor to the said fan or blower, whereby provision is made for insuring the
operation of the fan or blower from a separate driving pulley when the compressed-
air motor is stopped, in order to prevent the temperature within the place or structure
to be cooled from falling lower than is desired, and at the same time to maintain
the circulation of the air within said place or structure. The said Invention also
comprises (for use under certain circumstances) the combination of two fans or
blowers, placed at different sides of the place or structure to be cooled, for simul-
taneous and united operation in such a manner as to move the air from one fan or
blower to the other and back again, to continuously circulate and distribute the air
within the said place or structure, so that when required the use of pipes extended
into the place or structure to be cooled for the purpose of insuring the distribution
of the cooled air therein may be dispensed with. Also the combination of the two
fans or blowers arranged as above described with a suitable refrigerating means or
medium, whereby the cooling of the air, conjointly with its distribution, by the
action of the said two fans having united, and simultaneous operation is provided
Figure 1 is a side view, partly in vertical section, of an apparatus constructed
according to this Invention:
Figures 2 and 3 are vertical sectional views representing certain modified
features or combinations of parts of the said Invention, as hereinafter described.
In Figure 1 A represents an air compressor, which as shown in the Drawing, is
constructed with two compressing cylinders a a, the pistons of which are worked
by a forked connecting rod b extending from the piston rod ax of the air-com-
pressor to a driving crank c, which latter is rotated by the connecting rod d of a
suitable oscillating or other steam engine. The said crank may however be driven
by a pulley and belt. The shaft on which the crank c is formed is provided with
a fast pulley a', and may have a loose pulley b¹. Any appropriate form or con-
struction of air-compressor may be employed in lieu of that above mentioned, it
being only requisite that the same be capable of compressing atmospheric air or
other suitable elastic gas into an appropriate vessel or reservoir, and that it be of
suitable shape and size, and so far as practicable of simple construction. As air
compressors considered by themselves are well known, no further description of this
feature of the said Invention is considered necessary.
B is a strong vessel, into which air is compressed by the air-compressor, and
which constitutes the compressed air reservoir, from which compressed air is
supplied to actuate the compressed-air motor indicated at C. This motor is simply

page_text: an engine operated by compressed air in lieu of steam, and inasmuch as compressed
air engines, considered by themselves, are well known, no specific description there-
of is here considered necessary. In the Drawing the compressed-air motor is repre-
sented as placed upon the compressed-air reservoir B (and in relation with the
aëriform contents thereof) in substantially the same manner as steam engines are
frequently arranged in connection with upright steam boilers; but for the purposes
of my Invention any other variety of engine adapted for the purpose, and any
other appropriate arrangement of the compressed air engine or motor with refer-
ence to the compressed-air reservoir may be employed, it being only required that
the said engine or motor be capable of being operated by compressed air from said
reservoir, that it be of suitable shape and size, and so far as practicable of simple
.construction. This compressed-air motor gives rotary motion to a shaft c, on
which may be arranged a fast pulley c' and a loose pulley d.
C is the place, room, or structure to be cooled. When this is intended, for the
preservation of meats or other perishable articles of food the external atmosphere
should be practically excluded, and the ceiling, floor, and walls, so far as may be
feasible, made non-conducting as concerns the transmission of heat.
At one end of the room or structure C is a vertical passage or narrow chamber D,
the lower end of which opens into the said structure C, as shown at f; and in the
upper part of the said chamber D is a fan or blower E, the driving shaft of which
is shown at g. The mouth or outlet fl of this fan or blower is downward, and to
the central or inlet opening of said fan or blower is attached the extremity of a
pipe or system of pipes F, which may be perforated along their length, and which
may extend along the ceiling of the structure C in any desired direction. The
rotation in the requisite direction of the fan or blower causes the air contained
within the structure C to pass into the pipe or pipes F, thence through the fan or
blower, thence down through the passage D, and out therefrom through the
opening f back into the structure C, whence it again passes to the pipe or pipes/
and so on in continuous circulation.
The air compressor forces compressed air to the compressed-air reservoir through
a pipe connecting the outlet passage or passages of the said compressor (as by
branches h¹) with the said reservoir. From the pipe extends a branch pipe.m,
the extremity of which opens into the structure C, as shewn at gl. At the junction
of the branch pipe m with the pipe h is a three way cock n, which when turned in
one position closes the branch pipe m and opens communication between the air-
compressor and the compressed-air reservoir, and when turned to another position
closes communication between the compressor and the reservoir and opens the
branch pipe m, so that air from the compressor may pass direct to the structure C.
At is a cock, which may be turned to open or close, as occasion requires,, the
inlet passage of the compressed air motor C. The cock n has a crank-arm all, and
the cock has a similar crank arm 6". These arms are arranged in connection
with a vertical rod u in such a manner that the two cocks may be worked simul-
taneously and in unison by the longitudinal movement of the said rod.
A belt W extends from the pulleys a¹, b¹, on the shaft of the crank of the air
compressor to other pulleys i, j, on the shaft g of the fan or blower. A belt W*
also extends from the pulleys c, d, on the crank shaft e of the compressed-air motor
to other pulleys h¹, m', on the aforesaid shaft g of the fan or blower. The two belts
are shifted simultaneously with reference to the fast and loose pulleys by means of
a shipping lever G in order, as occasion may require, to operate the fan or blower
by means of the compressed-air motor or from the pulley a¹ of the air compressor
The shipping lever G has an arm y to which is attached the rod u, so that when
the belt W is brought on the fast pulley c¹ of the compressed-air motor the cock r
is operated to open the inlet passage of the said motor to permit the compressed air
to pass thereto from the reservoir B to operate the said motor, and simultaneous
with this the cock n is turned to permit a further supply of compressed air to be
forced into the said reservoir from the compressor, at the same time shutting off the
flow of air through the branch pipe m. When on the contrary the belts are shifted

page_text: to run the fan or blower from the pulley a¹ of the compressor, the flow of com-
pressed air from the reservoir to the compressed-air motor is shut off by the cock 7,
and the flow of compressed air to the reservoir from the compressor is shut off by
the cock n, the branch pipe m being meanwhile opened by the cock n to permit the
air from the compressor to pass direct into the structure Č.
A pipe or conduit 1 extends from the outlet or exhaust passage of the compressed-
air motor C into the passage or chamber D, and may connect in said passage or
chamber with a cross-pipe J which is provided along its length with numerous holes.
or openings. A pipe or conduit K connects at one end with the pipe or system of
pipes F, and at the other with the inlet passage or passages of the air-compressor
(as by branches K³), so that the air drawn into the air compressor and compressed
thereby is derived from the structure C, in other words, from the room, place, or
structure to be cooled. This air being compressed into the reservoir B to the
pressure requisite or desirable for the operation of the compressed-air motor is then
caused to pass to the said motor (in substantially the same manner that steam is
passed from a steam boiler to a steam engine) and actuating the said motor causes
it to drive the fan or blower, and inasmuch as the force or energy consumed in thus
driving the fan or blower eliminates a proportionate quantity of heat from the air
thus used to furnish motive power, it follows that the air exhausted and expended
from the motor C after doing its work is very cold. This cold air issuing into the
passage or chamber D is mixed with the larger volume of air forced through said
passage or chamber by the fan or blower, and being thus diluted is passed into the
structure C through the opening f to cool the said structure without bringing the
intensely cold air (issuing from the exhaust of the motor C') into freezing contact
with the contents of the structure and without causing any material variation
between the temperature at one part of the structure and that at other parts thereof.
In case the reduction of temperature within the structure C becomes so great as to
render freezing imminent, the belts w, wx, (unless a freezing temperature is desired)
are shifted to throw the work of running the fan or blower off from the compressed-
air motor and upon the pulley a¹ of the air-compressor, whereupon the cocks n
and being actuated as hereinbefore explained, to shut off the flow of compressed-
air from the compressor to the reservoir and from the reservoir to the motor C¹ the
said motor stops, and, so to speak, the compressor runs idle, and simply forces its
air without compression into the structure C while the fan or blower being main-
tained in motion continues to circulate the contained air within the said structure,
but without the injection of the colder air from the exhaust of the motor C¹. When
the tendency to excessive lowering of the temperature has been arrested or when
the temperature has risen sufficiently to relieve from apprehension, the simple
shifting of the belts to their former position again puts the parts in operation to
drive the fan or blower by means of the compressed-air motor and to inject the cold
exhaust air from said motor into the passage or chamber D as before.
When desired the temperature within the structure C may be signalled to an
attendant by a suitable thermostat operating in connection with appropriate electric
signals. For example the bending or straightening of a curved compound metallic
bar L by closing the circuits of suitable battery wires a¹¹, b, c, may be made to
actuate any appropriate clectric signal apparatus when either extreme of a given range
of temperature is reached. In order to deprive the compressed air of any excess
of moisture any desired quantity of glycerine may be placed in the lower part
of the compressed-air reservoir, suitable means being provided for drawing off
and replacing the glycerine when it becomes too dilute.
Referring now to Figures 2 and 3 mechanism other than that described with
reference to Figure 1 may be employed for insuring the circulation and distribution
of the cooled air within the room or structure C in order to obviate the necessity
of using the pipe or system of pipes F. In such case two distinct fans or blowers
are placed at different sides of said room or structure, and in such relation with
each other that when operated in concert the air will be moved from one to the
other and back again, and be thus continuously circulated and distributed through

page_text: the room or structure. For example, as represented in Figure 2, the passage or
chamber D has a horizontal partition m', above which is the fan or blower E with
its outlet f¹ extended downward through said partition m' into the part of the
passage or chamber D below said partition, and in substantially the same relation
with the said chamber or passage as in Figure 1, the inlet opening of the fan or
blower E being above the partition m'. The air passes thereto through a long
opening above the passage or chamber D, and extending nearly or quite the
entire width thereof. At another side (say the opposite side) of said room or
structure is placed a second fan or blower G*, the inlet of which by means of a
vertical passage G is extended downward to the lower part of the room or
structure C, while the outlet by means of a similar passage His extended to the
upper part of said room or structure. The two fans or blowers are connected by
suitable belts and pulleys (partially indicated in dotted lines at * in Figures 2
and 3) in such manner as to operate substantially in unison, so that while the action
of the fan E draws in air from the upper part of the room or structure and forces it
down through the passage or chamber D, and thence out at f to the lower part of
the room or structure, the action of the other fan or blower G* draws the air (cooled
in its flow through the passage or chamber D by the cold air from the exhaust of
the motor C¹) from the lower part of said room or structure and causing it to pass
upward ejects it into the upper part of the room or structure, where it is again
withdrawn by the fan E to be again passed through the chamber D, and so on con-
tinuously from one fan to the other and back again, the air passing as it were in
two oppositely moving floods or volumes, and being thereby distributed to different
parts of the room or structure C. The directions of rotation of the two fans may
however be reversed to cause the fan E to draw the air in an upward direction
through the passage or chamber D, and downward through the inlet and outlet
passages G, H, of the fan or blower G*, without affecting the principle of opera-
tion. When ice is exceptionally cheap or more than ordinarily available an ice-
box, as shown at M in Figure 3, may be substituted in lieu of the passage or
chamber D, and the air being caused to pass through the ice-box by the fan or
blower E, and cooled by contact with the ice therein, may be circulated and dis-
tributed through the room or structure c in the same manner as when cooled by the
méans (which I consider the best) herein before described with reference to Figures 1
and 2. Unless the room or structure C be very narrow the passages G, H, of
the second fan G* should extend nearly the width of said room or structure, and
may be most conveniently formed by a vertical partition a** at a suitable distance
from the adjacent side of the room or structure, the space between being divided
by a horizontal partition c*, through which is extended upward the outlet of the
fan G* to communicate with the passage H", while the inlet opening of said fan
or blower is situated below in communication with the passage G₁. When the
room or structure C is of sufficient height it may be divided midway by a hori-
zontal partition, as indicated in dotted lines at x* in Figure 3.
When the Invention is to be used for the preservation of meats or other perishable
articles of food carbonic acid, nitrogen, or other suitable innocuous gas may be
employed in lieu of air.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. The combination for joint operation of a compressed air motor a fan-
blower and a port or passage leading from the exhaust of the said motor to the
place or structure to be cooled, substantially as and for the purpose herein set
forth.
Second. The combination of a fan-blower, an air-compressor having its inlet port
or passage communicating with the place or structure to be cooled, and a com-
pressed air motor for operating the fan or blower, and having its exhaust port or
passage communicating with the structure to be cooled, substantially as and for the
purpose herein set forth.

page_text: Third. The combination of an apparatus for injecting a stream or jets of cooled air
into the place or structure to be cooled, and a fan or blower for mingling the stream
or jets of cooled air with the volume of air contained in the said place or structure,
substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Fourth. The combination of an air compressor, air pipe leading thereto from the
place or structure to be cooled, a compressed air reservoir, and a compressed air
motor having its exhaust port or passage communicating with the place or structure
to be cooled, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Fifth. The combination of an air compressor, a compressed air reservoir, a com-
pressed air motor having its exhaust port or passage communicating with the place
or structure to be cooled, a system or series of connected cocks, and an outlet pipe,
substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Sixth. The combination of a passage or chamber with the exhaust port or passage
of a compressed air motor and a fan or blower for circulating through said passage
or chamber the volume of air within the place or structure to be cooled, substantially
as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Seventh. The combination of the outlet pipe and cock with an air compressor, a
compressed air reservoir, and a compressed air motor having its exhaust port or
passage communicating with the place or structure to be cooled, substantially as
and for the purpose herein set forth.
Eighth. The combination of a shifting device with the cock of the compressed-
air-reservoir, the cock of the compressed air motor, the fan or blower, and the belt
or gearing for transmitting power from the said motor to the said fan or blower,
substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Ninth. The combination of two fans or blowers located at different sides of the
place or structure to be cooled for simultaneous and united operation to move the
air from one fan to the other and back to circulate and distribute the air within
the said place or structure, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Tenth. The combination of suitable means for reducing the temperature of the
air with two fans or blowers placed at different sides of the place or structure to be
cooled, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.