IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROLLING STOCK OF RAILWAYS 1 Y AND TRAMWAYS.
Year: 1875

page_text: [
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of Essex, Engineer,
ETTERS PATENT to William Adams, of Stratford, in the County
Engineer, and James Livesey, of No. 9, Victoria
Chambers, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROLLING STOCK OF RAILWAYS
1
Y
AND TRAMWAYS.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Adams and
James Livesey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition; on the 18th December 1875.
D
We, WILLIAM ADAMS, of Stratford, in the County of Essex,
Engineer, and JAMES LIVESEY, of No. 9, Victoria Chambers, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROLLING STOCK OF RAILWAYS
AND TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:
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The object of our Invention is to reduce the lateral oscillation of.
railway carriages and other rolling stock of railways and tramways,

page_text: to render them comparatively noiseless by intercepting the sound. For
this purpose we construct the body of the carriage separate from the
under frame, and according to one arrangement we support the former
upon the latter by means of a number of standards or brackets fixed to
the under frame, and by preference made to project through the floor
under the carriage seats, the body being swung or suspended from the
upper ends of the said standards by jointed links or flexible connections,
such as leather straps, that may either be connected at the one end to
the floor of the carriage and at the other end to the end of the standard;
or the standard may be provided at its end with a roller over which
passes a strap secured to the floor on each side of the standard. The
suspending straps being situated in the direction of the width of the
carriage, it will be seen that the under framing will be free to vibrate
laterally independently of the body. In order to prevent any
objectionable end motion of the body relative to the under frame, we
prefer to fix on the former projecting pins or plates that enter slots
formed in the under framing in a direction transversely to the carriage.
The above described arrangement may be reversed; that is, the
standards may be made to project downwards from the carriage body,
and be supported by flexible straps suspended from the under framing.
Also instead of having a number of standards, each connected by straps
to the floor of the carriage, two such standards may be placed on each
side of the carriage, and connected by a strong transverse bar to which
the suspending straps or connecting links are attached, there being two
or more such sets of standards and transverse bars in the length of the
carriage. Springs or pads may be introduced either in connection with
the standards or the straps or connecting links may be made of elastic
_material.
According to another arrangement we dispense with the connecting
straps and we construct the standards as vertical springs fixed to the
under frame, and conected at their upper ends directly to the carriage
body, and having sufficient elasticity to allow of the lateral vibration
of the under frame independently of the body. Or a rigid connecting
bar may be employed, which being hinged both to the under frame and
to the body, may be confined by springs on either side thereof, which
allow of lateral motion to a limited extent.
According to another arrangement we provide on the under side
of the carriage floor brackets having rollers resting on curved or

page_text: inclined supports on the under frame extending in a lateral direction, so
that the body can roll upon the under frame. When this moves laterally
the curvature or inclination of the supports tending to confine such
motion within limits, and to cause the body to regain its normal position
on the under frame.
In order to avoid the necessity of making a heavy framework to the
floor in addition to the under frame of the carriage, we prefer to con-
struct the divisions or partitions between the compartments in such
manner, that they act as cross girders to which the floor may be secured,
thus giving greater strength without materially increasing the weight,
and enabling us to distribute support over a greater number of points.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Adams and James Livesey in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 17th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
ADAMS, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, Engineer, and JAMES
LIVESEY, of No. 9, Victoria Chambers, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Adams and James
Livesey, Her special license, that we, the said William Adams and
James Livesey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said William Adams and James Livesey, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ROLLING STOCK OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said William Adams and James Livesey,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under qur

page_text: J
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
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NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Livesey, on behalf of myself
and the said William Adams, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, "that is to
say :-
15...
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The object of our Invention is to reduce the lateral oscillation of
railway carriages and other rolling stock of railways and tramways, and
to render them comparatively noiseless by intercepting the sound. For
this purpose we construct the body of the carriage separate from the
under frame, and according to one arrangement we support the former
upon the latter by means of a number of standards or brackets fixed to
the under frame, and by preference made to project through the floor
under the carriage seats, the body being swung or suspended from the
upper ends of the said standards by jointed links or flexible connections,
such as leather straps, that may either be connected at the one end to
the floor of the carriage, and at the other end to the end of the standard;
or the standard may be provided at its end with a roller over which
passes a strap secured to the floor on each side of the standard. The
suspending straps being situated in the "direction of the width of the
carriage, it will be seen that the under framing will be free to vibrate
laterally independently of the body. In order to prevent any
objectionable end motion of the body relative to the under framing,
we prefer to fix on the former projecting pins or plates that enter slots
formed in the under framing in a direction transversely to the carriage.
г.
The above described arrangement may be reversed; that is, the
standards may be made to project downwards from the carriage body
and be supported by flexible straps suspended from the under framing.
Also instead of having a number of standards, each connected by straps
to the floor of the carriage, two such standards may be placed on each
side of the carriage, and connected by a strong transverse bar to which
1232431 3

page_text: the suspending straps or connecting links are attached, there being two
or more such sets of standards and transverse bars in the length of the
carriage. Springs or pads may be introduced either in connection with
the standards or the straps or connecting links, or these may be made of
elastic material.
According to another arrangement we dispense with the connecting
straps, and we construct the standards as vertical springs fixed to the
under frame, and connected at their upper ends directly to the carriage
body, and having sufficient elasticity to allow of the lateral vibration of
the under frame independently of the body. Or a rigid connecting bar
may.bé employed, which being hinged both to the under frame and to
the body may be confined by springs on either side thereof, which allow
of lateral motion to a limited extent.
ז יידיי
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According to another arrangement we provide on the under side of
5 the carriage floor brackets having rollers resting on curved or inclined
supports on the under frame extending in a lateral direction, so that the
body can roll upon the under frame when this moves laterally, the
curvature or inclination of the supports tending to confine such motion
within limits, and to cause the body to regain its normal position on the
) under frame.
In order to avoid the necessity of making a heavy framework to the
floor in addition to the under frame of the carriage, we prefer to con-
struct the divisions or partitions between the compartments in such
manner, that they act as cross girders to which the floor may be secured,
thus giving greater strength without materially increasing the weight,
and enabling us to distribute support over a greater number of points.
VAN 9 5 1997

page_text: of lateral movement relatively to the under framing, that the oscillations
of the latter are only partially or not at all transferred to the former.
To prevent end play of the body we fix plates C at each end of the under
framing, the lips of which plates project upwards and take a bearing
against the ends of the carriage body; Fig. 4 represents a part trans-
verse section shewing another construction for reducing lateral
oscillation of the carriage body. In this case rollers D. mounted on
the joists of the floor rest in concave seats E secured to the under
framing, so that as the latter oscillates laterally the rollers can run in
the hollow seats without transmitting the oscillation to the body or only
partially transmitting it. The frames in which the rollers are mounted
have side cheeks F descending on each side of the concave seats E
and having tie bolts of passed through them under these seats. The
side cheeks F prevent end play of the body, and the bolts f prevent
the rollers from rising out of their concave seats. By making the
divisions G (Fig. 1) between compartments form cross girders the
floor of the carriage body is strengthened without material increase of
weight.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that
we make no claim to reducing longitudinal oscillation of carriage bodies
nor to any construction for that purpose, preferring to prevent as we
have described end play of the carriage body relatively to the under
framing; but we claim the method substantially as herein described of
reducing lateral oscillation of a carriage body by making it separate
from the under framing, and suspending or resting it thereon with
limited lateral play.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Livesey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.