Improvements Connected with the Burning of Oils or other Hydro- carbon Fluids for the Production of Heat.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1886
Complete Left, 25th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 25th Feb., 1887.
Improvements Connected with the Burning of Oils or other Hydro-
carbon Fluids for the Production of Heat.
I JAMES LYLE of 29 Causeyside Street, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My invention comprises certain improvements in connection with spray jet
apparatus for the combustion of oils and other hydrocarbon fluids intermixed with
air, used, or to be used for the production of heat in steam boilers and other furnaces
or fires, in a more efficient manner than has heretofore been effected or practised.
:-
My said improvements apply to all spray jet nozzle apparatus in which a current
of compressed air passing through one nozzle is caused to draw or force the oil or
other hydrocarbon fluid through another nozzle out through both nozzles, in a mixed
spray jet, burning beyond the nozzles, for heating purposes as stated. And the
nature and novelty of my said invention or improvements consist all as follows:-
In the fitting and adaptation of a special construction and arrangement of an outer
combining flame and air chamber, or nozzle beyond the said spray jet apparatus, for
regulating the amount of cold, or heated air which may be admitted to the flame
and leading the flame into the furnace or combustion chamber where the heat is to
be generated.
One construction of this new-or improved-air-combining flame chamber or nozzle,
consists in forming the same in two parts. The outer part forms the air combining
chamber surrounding the flame and is of a fixed hollow conoidal shape having its
smaller nozzle end projecting into the furnace or combustion chamber, so as to direct
the flame into it, and is secured thereto or to other stationary part of the apparatus.
This combining chamber has its outer wide end preferably curved out as an entering
nozzle for an annular jet of the outer air (or it might be a jet of heated air) to
enter the chamber and assist the combustion of the spray jet passing through it, and
which annular jet of air might be drawn in by the speed and lateral action of the
spray flame, or when heated might be forced in. The other or movable part of
this air combining chamber is for regulating the area of this annular jet, and consists
of a funnel or cup shaped nose piece formed or secured on a hollow boss or eye

page_text: fitted on the outer tube or nozzle of the spray jet apparatus, and has a lateral screw
handle, so as to slide out and in on said tube and be fixed by the said handle in
any desired position within the back open curved end of the conoidal flame case, all
these parts being fitted in the axial line of the spray jet apparatus.
When this improved spray nozzle apparatus is ranged horizontally to project the
spray flame and annular jet of air laterally into the furnace or combustion chamber,
the outer fixed nozzle is formed with a deep close ended pocket below for being
filled with oil and asbestos or other fibrous or porous material, so as to be capable
of being lighted at starting and for maintaining a light always burning within the
combining flame chamber to light the spray jet at any time that it might be
extinguished. And when the apparatus is arranged vertically to project the flame
and annular jet of air up through the bottom of the combining furnace or chamber,
this oil vessel might be formed annularly as a close caseing round the wide open
mouth of the flame nozzle, and maintain an annular pilot light just above the point
where the movable regulating cone piece ends in its highest position. Instead of
making the outer end air admission and regulating part of this flame combustion
chamber movable, it may be made in one piece with it, and have a row of holes
round it of sufficient area to admit, the air, either with or without a movable case or
disc to regulate the amount of air passing through the holes. And instead of
making the discharge end of the flame nozzle conoidal it might be made of an oval
or elliptical shape to give a broader flame. And in the vertical arrangement a cup
may be fitted below the burner to receive and prevent the waste of any oil or spray
which might flow back without being burned. When it was a heated annular jet
of air that was to be forced through the conoidal combining flame chamber the air
might be heated by passing it through an annular casing formed round the outer
surface of this conoidal flame and annular air jet chamber, in which case this
chamber might be made longer with greater heating surface to effect the heating of
the air on its way to the apparatus. A portion of the heated air would be led by a
pipe to the supply cistern to.melt or liquify oils or tar when in a semi-solid or frozen
state.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements Connected with the Burning of Oils or other Hydro-
carbon Fluids for the Production of Heat.
I, JAMES LYLE of 29 Causeyside Street, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying sheet of Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say -
My Invention comprises certain improvements in connection with spray jet
apparatus for the combustion of oils and other hydrocarbon fluids intermixed with
air, used, or to be used for the production of heat in steam boiler and other furnaces
or fires, in a more efficient manner than has heretofore been effected or practised.
My said improvements apply to all spray jet nozzle apparatus in which a current
of compressed air (or it might be a current of superheated steam) passing through
one nozzle is caused to draw and force the oil or other hydrocarbon fluid through
another nozzle out through both nozzles, in a mixed spray jet, burning beyond the
nozzles, for heating purposes as stated.
And the nature and novelty of my said invention or improvements consists all as
follows: In the fitting and adaptation of a special construction and arrangement of
an outer combining flame and air or combustion chamber, or nozzle beyond the said
spray jet apparatus, for regulating the amount of cold, or heated air which may be
admitted to the flame, and leading the flame into the furnace or combustion chamber
where the heat is to be generated, which combustion chamber is susceptible of several
modifications or improved constructions and arrangements of the parts, suitable for
various circumstances and conditions in the use of the said spray apparatus for heating
purposes.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended
an explanatory sheet of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures where shown.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, Figure 2 an end view, and Figure 3a pian with the
lower stationary part in section of a horizontal arrangement of a combustion chamber
formed in two parts A, B, and C, c the former A B, being fixed to the outer plate of
the furnace, with its front end projecting in through the hole in the piate Z of the
furnace to direct the flame into it; while the latter is made with a socket e on the
point of the spray jet nozzle N, and secured thereto in any position by a pinching

page_text: screw e. This movable piece C extends forward in the form of a hollow cove from
the point of the spray nozzle N to a diameter to enter and fill the outer end of the
conoidal part A forming the outer wide end of the flame or combustion chamber, and
directing the flame out into the furnace beyond the plate Z.
This combining
chamber A B, has its outer wide end a preferably curved out as an entering nozzle
for an annular jet of outer air to enter the chamber A and assist the combustion of
the spray jet passing through it, and which annular jet of air might be drawn in by
the speed and lateral action of the spray flame as indicated by the arrows in Figure 1.
The other movable part C of this air combining chamber is for regulating the area of
this annular jet, and consists of a funnel or cup shaped nose piece formed or secured
on a hollow boss or eye c fitted on the outer tube or nozzle N of the spray jet
apparatus, and has a lateral-hand screw c¹, so as to slide out and in on said tube N and
be fixed by the said hand screw c¹ in any desired position within the back open curved
end of the conoidal flame case all these parts being fitted in the axial line of the spray
jet apparatus.
When this improved spray nozzle apparatus is ranged horizontally to project the
spray flame and annular jet of air laterally into the furnace or combustion chamber A
the outer fixed nozzle A, B is formed with a close ended pocket B below, for being
filled with oil and asbestos or other fibrous or porous absorbent material, so as to be
capable of being lighted at starting and for maintaining a light always burning within
the combining flame chamber A to light the spray jet at any time that it might be
extinguished and the spray jet is lighted through a hole A' in the side of the
combustion chamber A, which may be fitted with a closing door, or be left open to
admit air when desired. A projecting lip is formed at the outer upper side of the
chamber B for receiving any drops of oil which may fall from the spray jet and
conduct it into the chamber B. This lip may also be used for filling in the oil or
lighting the pilot light by, within the chamber B. Instead of making the outer end
air admission and regulating part C of this flame combustion chamber movable it may
be made in one piece with it and have a row or rows of small holes a a round the neck
of the chamber A of sufficient area to admit the air, either with or without a movable
case or dise C to regulate the amount of air passing through the holes, as shown in
one modification shown in sectional elevation and end view-in Figures 4 and 5, and
also in the modification shown in sectional elevation and plan in Figures 6 and 7.
Referring to the modification shown in Figures 4 and 5, the whole combustion
chamber A and air inlet part C, are formed in one piece, and made movable on the
nozzle N, and secured thereto by the pinching screw el, as described in reference to
the part in Figures 1 to 3. The inner end of the conibustion chamber A projects
in through the hole in the plate Z, and has a small flange A outside to prevent the
admission of air at this part. In this modification an outer case is made to
surround the outer end of the combustion chamber A with an annular conical air
space a between them, to admit the air to an annular set of small holes a in the inner
case A, all as indicated by the arrows in Figure 4, and which heats the air during its
admission before meeting the flame in the combustion chamber A. In this
arrangement no pocket B is shown for containing oil and asbestos for maintaining a
pilot light, the jet being lighted when required from the outside through the hole A¹
in the chamber A. When the whole combustion chamber A. and its fittings, are made
to be shifted, as in this case, to see into the furnace, through the hole in the plate Z,
or for cleaning the nozzle of the burner N, it may be so shifted by'a gab and lever
taking into a recess or other equivalent for the purpose as at c² in the socket c.
Referring to the modification shown in Figures 6 and 7 of horizontal arrangement
of my improved combustion chamber, this shows an arrangement of oblong or elliptical
shape of the combustion chamber at the part A which passes through the plate % of
and enters the furnace chamber to be heated, and is secured by snugs and screw pins
or other equivalent to the outer combustion chamber A. In this arrangement the oil
chamber B is made longer than is shown in Figures 1 to 3 and has a removable
portable vessel B' fitted in front of the oil well part B.and is removable by a wire

page_text: hooked to its cross bar & up through a recess B in the upper part of the chamber A,
which is fitted with a cover a², which may be removed for the admission of air to the
flame within the chamber A when that is desired. This vessel B' is filled with
asbestos or other porous material, and is perforated on the side next the oil well B, so
as to be supplied with oil and maintain a pilot flame at the top of this vessel, for
lighting the spray jet when that is turned off for any time, and desired to be relighted,
but it may also be lighted through the aperture A' from the outside. The arrows
indicate the admission of air to the spray flame through the holes a in the neck of the
combustion chamber A.
Figures 8 and 9 show a sectional and side elevation respectively, of a vertical
arrangement of my flame combustion chamber in which the outer case C, C¹, is made
large and surrounds the inner combustion chamber A, with an annular set of holes a
and annular space a' for the admission and heating of the air, and conducting it to
the throat of the flame chamber A, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 8. The
lower part C of the outer air admission chamber is carried by the socket c, on a
ring D, secured to the nozzle N of the spray jet apparatus by the pinching screw d.
The lower part of the chamber C, C, is formed with a pocket all round at C², to
receive any oil that may, fall down from the spray flame jet, and may be fitted with a
ring of asbestos or other porous material to retain or emit an annular pilot flame just
at the point of the nozzle end for relighting the main spray jet within the combustion
chamber A or this flame may be lighted through the hole A' in the outer chamber C,
preferably in this case covered with a loose swivelling lid which closes by its own
weight. In this arrangement the combustion chamber A is fitted loose and supported
by a flange concentrically within the chamber C₁ by the steadying rim and
feathers covering in the annular air space a', which may be lifted off for cleaning
or otherwise, but this inner chamber might either be secured to the outer chamber CT,
or to the end plate of the furnace as in Figures 1 to 3. And the lower part of the
inner combustion chamber A might have an annular lip at its lower part to retain
any of the spray oil which may be thrown against the sides of the long chamber A,
which heats the air in passing through the long annular space a of the case c'. And
although this combustion chamber has been shown as a vertical combustion chamber,
it might also be used as a horizontal combustion chamber as in Figures 1 to 7.
When the furnace is constructed so as to heat the air to support the combustion of
the flame led either to the spray jet apparatus or to the flame with the furnace, these
annular air heating arrangement a' in Figures 4 and 5 and 8 and 9 may be dispensed
with, and a portion of the said air heated by the furnace or in the annular air heating
chambers A may be led by a pipe to the oil supply cistern, to melt or liquify the oils
or tars when in a semi-solid or frozen state.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts, of the
combustion chambers of nozzle oil spray flame burners, for furnaces or other heating
purposes, all substantially as herein described and distinguished, in reference to the
several modification shown in the accompanying Drawing.
Second. In nozzle oil spray jet apparatus for heating purposes, the making of the
combustion chamber in two parts, with a movable outer part carried on the nozzle so
as to be drawn back on it for cleaning, regulating the admission of air or other
purpose substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Third. In nozzle oil spray jet apparatus for heating purposes the, making of the
combustion chamber, whether formed in one or more parts, all carried and secured on
the nozzle, so as to be movable and drawn back on it for cleaning, or other purposes,
substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourth. In nozzle oil spray jet apparatus for heating purposes, the making of the

page_text: combustion chamber with an oil retaining chamber below for maintaining a pilot light
to ignite the jet flame, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In nozzle oil spray jet apparatus for heating purposes, the making of narrow
annular or equivalent surface spaces between the inner and outer cases of the
combustion chambers, for heating the air before admitting it to the spray flame
within, all substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.