Improved Means for Consuming Smoke in Furnaces, Brewers' Coppers, Domestic Grates, and other Fire Places.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 10th Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Consuming Smoke in Furnaces, Brewers'
Coppers, Domestic Grates, and other Fire Places.
We, GEORGE JUSTIN JOSEPH LEGRAND of 77 Claphan Road in the County
of Surrey, Merchant, and LOUIS EMILE CHACNIAT of 5 Holland Street,
Clapham Road, aforesaid, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
For the purpose of admitting air to the furnace of a boiler, copper or the like we
employ a door preferably formed of two bent plates hinged and counterweighted,
one of these plates being adapted to open inwards and remain fixed in any desired
position, while the other is partly closed, so that air is admitted first in to the
hollow space between the two plates from the bottom and sides, and then passes in
low down on to the fire. Both plates are capable of being turned out of the way
to leave the usual opening free. In place of the counter weight the plate opening
inwards may be controlled by a piston and cylinder so that it may be slowly
closed automatically, the arrangement being similar to the ordinary domestic door
checks. The opening of the door may also be arranged to admit a regulated
quantity of steam, air, or inflammable liquid to the furnace. In addition to the
usual fire bridge we may employ a supplemental arch with a space between it and
the fire bridge, or a perforated arch or an arch formed of tubes or a hollow arch or
bridge through which water or air circulates, air being conducted to this arch
through tubes if desired, or through the fire bars which may be made hollow for
In the
the purpose, and discharged through or behind the arch into the furnace.
case where hollow fire bars are employed we place a loose strengthening piece or
rib in same to prevent them collapsing with the heat, and they may be further
arranged so that a current of heated air is taken in one direction to the arch, and
a current is taken in the other to the door or dead plate which may be hollow for
the purpose. A damper is provided to regulate the passage of the air, and a steam
jet is also arranged near same so that a jet of air, steam, or inflammable liquid
may be turned on to the furnace automatically by the opening of the door, or other-
wise as desired. In place of this supplemental arch the ends of the fire bars near
the bridge may be pivoted so that they may be turned up to throw over the coals
and allow air to pass up. Behind the fire bridge or bridges we arrange a series of
perforated walls, arches or columns of refractory material which become highly
heated and through which the products of combustion are caused to take a tortuous
course. The upper part of one or more of these arches are closed so that the
gases are caused to pass down and through the openings, the solid wall or walls
checking the rush of the gases and forming a combustion chamber. The gases after
passing off from the furnace may be caused to pass through a chamber in which
they meet and pass through a spray or column of water by which steam or
inflammable liquid will be washed or in the latter case burnt.
In the case of brewers coppers we arrange a perforated or a hollow circular
arch, dome or fire bridge above the grate and carry it either by a wall or brackets
as desirable. The products of combustion pass through this highly heated arch
and into a chamber in the brickwork around the copper and from thence to the
chimney. The arch may be formed of tubes, the central portion of the copper
being exposed to the direct heat of the furnace, the gases escaping through the
highly heated tubes into a chamber around same. In addition to the foregoing a
pipe or pipes may be employed to convey air below or above the arch, said pipe
taking in air from below the grate, which air becomes highly heated in its passage

page_text: No text detected.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means_for Consuming Smoke in Furnaces, Brewers'
Coppers, Domestic Grates, and other Fire Places.
We, GEORGE JUSTIN JOSEPH LEGRAND, of 77 Clapham Road, in the County of
Surrey, Merchant, and LOUIS EMILE CHAGNIAT, of 5 Holland Street, Clapham
Road aforesaid, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to improved means for consuming smoke in furnaces
brewers coppers domestic grates and other fire places.
To clearly explain the same reference is made to the accompanying drawings in
which our improvements are illustrated as applied to some of the above apparatus
and in which :-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a steam boiler.
Fig. 1 is a plan of the baffle walls in the furnace flue shown in sectional elevation
immediately below same.
Fig. 2 is a cross section of Fig. 1 on the line x-x.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a brewers copper.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of our improved door for admitting
air to a furnace grate.
Fig. 5 is a front view of same.
Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of a domestic grate.
Fig. 6 is a cross section on an enlarged scale of a hollow fire bar with means
for preventing same collapsing under heat.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of another form of brewers copper.
Fig. 8 is a cross section of same through the grate.
Fig. 9 is a plan on line y-y Fig. 7, and
Fig. 10 is a plan on line z-z Fig. 7.
For the purpose of admitting air to the furnace of a boiler such as shewn in
Figs. 1 and 2 or a brewers copper as shewn in Figs. 3 and 7 we employ a door as
illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. This consists as shewn of two curved plates ab hung
upon a rod c the plate b being fixed to said rod by a set screw d while the plate a

page_text: is loosely hung thereon. To the rod c are affixed counterweights e having suitable
handles the arrangement enabling the door 6 to be swung in over the fire and held
in any desired position. The door a has side pieces which abut against the front
of the furnace so that a space is always left underneath for the air to enter except
when the door b is closed. Both doors a and b may be turned over and thrown
back against the furnace front for charging purposes.
b
In place of or in addition to the counterweight as shewn, the rear plate 6 may
be controlled by a piston as f working in a cylinder attached to the plate a. The
rod of this piston is attached to a slot in a rod f which is pivoted to the plate
at about the centre its other end being attached to the plate b by a sliding connec-
tion. By this means the inner door b may be opened wide at the commencement
of the charging and allowed to slowly close as the piston slowly drives the air in
the cylinder through a small opening in the top of same such opening being provided
with means for regulating if desired. The opening of the doors a or 6 may be
arranged to operate a valve so as to admit a regulated quantity of steam air or
inflammable liquid to the furnace.
In the case of a boiler or like furnace we employ in addition to the usual fire
bridge a supplemental bridge or arch g between which and the first bridge a
space is left. This bridge may be composed of a number of bars between which
the air passes as shewn in Figure 2 having deep webs, as shewn in Figure 1 and
for the purpose of cooling the grid so formed said bars may be made hollow and
water or air be caused to circulate through same. Above this and extending some
way over the fire is a further perforated refractory arch through which the
products escape and which serves to throw the heat down onto the fire. The
arrows in the drawing indicate the pathway of the products. Between the two
bridges g and may be arranged a steam jet injector as shewn, or a jet for air or
inflammable liquid may be used such steam air or liquid assisting the draught in
the furnace and also assisting the combustion of the products. Behind the bridge y
may be placed another arch h' the opening in which is placed low down so that the
products are compelled to take a tortuous path so as to give up their heat the solid
wall checking the rush of gases and forming a combustion chamber and a little
further on in the flue is a further baffle wall i. Both these walls are arranged with
vertical passages through same the wall of one being placed opposite the opening
of another as shown in Fig. 1A so that the gases are deflected and are thus held in
the flue so that they may give up their heat. One or both of the walls ' or i may
be made of a number of short pieces of refractory tubes placed lengthways of the
flue such tubes filling up the entire space in the flue and as they become highly
heated giving up their heat and assisting the combustion. Between the bridges g
and may be hinged a damper ; which may be operated by a chain or rod from
the ash pit so as to close up the space between the two bridges and compel the air
to take another direction.
For the purpose of conducting air to this end of the furnace however the fire
bars may be made hollow so that heated air will be discharged from their ends
behind the bridge g.
In the case of these hollow fire bars we place a loose
strengthening piece or rib in same to prevent them collapsing with the heat as
shown in Fig. 6A in which r is the bar and s the loose supporting rib and they may
be further arranged so that a current of heated air is taken in one direction to the
arch and a current is taken in the other direction to the double door. Certain of
the fire bars near the bridge may be in short lengths as shown at g² such bars being
pivoted to the main bars so that they may be turned up to throw over the coals
and allow air to pass up, a rod g³ passing beneath the grate and attached to drop
pieces on the bars g² being used for this purpose. The ends of these bars g² pass
between the openings in the grid of the bridge g so that the latter may be periodi-
cally cleared of clinker and the like. The gases after passing off from the furnace
may be caused to pass through a chamber in which they meet and pass through a
spray or column of water or through steam or inflammable liquid by which they
will be washed or in the latter case burnt.

page_text: In the form of brewers copper illustrated in Fig. 3 we arrange a perforated
circular arch dome or fire bridge above the grate and carry it either by the
wall as shewn or by brackets as desired. In place of the arch shaped as shown, a
conical or other suitably shaped one may be employed. The products of com-
bustion pass through this highly heated arch and into a chamber k beneath and
around the copper and through the space between the blocks to the chamber k²
and from thence to the chimney. This arch may be formed of a mass of tubes if
desired or it may be solid with a central opening to expose the centre of the copper
to the direct heat of the furnace.
In addition to the foregoing a pipe or pipes m in the walls of the furnace may be
employed to convey air below or above the arch said pipes taking in air from
below the grate as shewn so that it becomes highly heated in its passage through
same.
In the drawing one pipe is shewn for delivering air below the arch and one
above. The hollow fire bars and an arrangement for the admission of air steam or
inflammable liquid may also be used with above as may also the double door
previously described.
In Figs. 7 to 10 the arrangement of the copper furnace is slightly different, the
arch being solid the opening being between same and the arch ¹ from whence
the products pass to the chamber k which is situated directly beneath the centre of
the copper. The air pipes m are arranged to take in air below the grate and
deliver it in the opening between the arch and bridge. Behind the fire bridge the
combustion chamber k is provided with a chute and a damper ³ for the purpose of
clearing out the ashes which may find their way into the combustion chamber.
In the case of domestic grates we arrange an arch over the fire as shown in
Fig. 6 which arch may be either solid as shewn or hollow and in either case may
have a plain or corrugated surface. Behind the arch is a chamber n. Air is
admitted to this chamber and underneath the arch by means of the tubes m
which in this case may form the fire bars and grate back. The arrows show the
heated air passing through the bars m and being discharged beneath the arch h.
It will be seen that the products of combustion pass around and above the arch and
also between the tubes forming the grate back down the chamber n into the lower
part around the back wall o which may be corrugated and into the space p from
whence it escapes into the chimney. Various baffle devices may be employed it
desired to check the escape of the products of combustion and to allow the heated
walls time to act on same, while dampers may be arranged at different points in the
chambers nor p to regulate the passage of the products of combustion and a
damper as m² may be arranged to prevent the passage of the air directly up the
chimney beneath the grate.
In addition to or apart from the foregoing the bottom of the fire bars or a
portion of same may be arranged to descend or fall as in the case of the bars of an
ordinary kitchener for the purpose of placing fresh coal thereon while the
incandescent coal above may be temporarily held up by a few pivoted bars which
may be thrown back when desired or by other means. The fresh fuel may if
desired be fed to the grate by means of a hopper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The improved door for furnaces formed of suitably hung inner and outer
plates the inner plate being counterweighted and adapted to open inwards and
remain fixed in any desired position substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. The improved door for furnaces and means for regulating same substantially
as described and illustrated.
3. In the furnaces of boilers brewers coppers and the like the employment of au
arch perforated or having only a central hole arranged above the fire grate with a
chamber above same substantially as described.

page_text: 4. In furnaces provided with the arch described in the foregoing claim the
employment of one or more supplemental arches bridges or perforated baffle walls
placed in the fine behind the usual bridge for the purpose of assisting the
combustion of the products.
5. In furnaces provided with the arch described in Claim 3 the employment of
means for admitting heated air or inflammable liquid to various points in the
furnace to support combustion substantially as described.
6. A hollow fire bar for furnaces provided with a loose strengthening rod or rib
substantially as described.
7. A furnace provided with a supplemental bridge g having a grid or perforated
back kept cool by the circulation of water or air in combination with the short
pivoted grate bars g2 adapted to turn up and clear away clinker substantially as
described.
8. In domestic grates and the like the employment of an arch such as h above
the fire, a chamber such as behind same, and hollow fire bars or tubes for
conveying air, beneath the arch substantially as described.
9. In domestic grates and the like the means for preventing smoke consisting of
grate bars formed so that said bars or a portion of same may be lowered for the
purpose of placing fresh coal thereon and then raised to bring the fresh coal
underneath the incandescent coal substantially as described.
Dated this 4th day of November 1899
PHILIP M. JUSTICE, Fel. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicants.