IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING OR WORKING IN ROCK, STONE OR EARTH
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Bernard Doering, of Victoria Street,
in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING OR WORKING IN ROCK, STONE
OR EARTH."
Sealed the 23rd March 1869, and dated the 26th September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Bernard
Doering at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 26th September 1868.
I, FREDERICK BERNARD DOERING, of Victoria Street, in the City of
Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING OR WORKING IN
ROCK, STONE, OR EARTH," to be as follows:-
The first part of mry Invention relates to means of regulating the
forward movement as the work progresses of the main cylinder in
which the piston carrying the tool works, and this part of the Invention
mainly consists in regulating, by means of a piston valve or other form
of valve or cock, the supply of water or other fluid to, and the outlet of

page_text: such fluid from, a cylinder attached and adjacent to the main cylinder,
the said valve being worked in a manner already known by motive fluid
distributed from the main cylinder to a small cylinder, the piston of
which is connected to the valve. The adjacent cylinder has a fixed
piston, a supply of compressed air or other motive fluid being maintained
at the front thereof; so much of this cylinder as is behind the piston is
always filled with the water or other fluid supplied through the piston
valve. A tube leads from the piston valve to a reservoir containing this
water or fluid.
The action of the engine is as follows:-Supposing the main cylinder
and adjacent cylinder are at the back end of their travel, whenever the
tool as it continues to work has cut to a sufficient depth to allow the
main piston to uncover a port in the main cylinder communicating with
the cylinder of the piston valve, this valve moves and allows part of the
water in the adjacent cylinder to escape under the pressure of the
compressed air on the other side of the fixed piston; the adjacent
cylinder and main cylinder are thus caused to advance, and this advance
takes place intermittently according to the quantity of water which
escapes from the valve, until they reach the forward end of their travel.
The piston valve is then moved into the necessary position to leave free
communication between the water reservoir and the back of the adjacent
cylinder; at the same time a cock at the front part of the adjacent
cylinder is opened to let out the compressed air therefrom, and pressure
is exerted on the water in the reservoir to force the water through the
valve into the adjacent cylinder. The pressure of this water in that
cylinder causes that and the main cylinder to run back on their
supporting bars to recommence their forward travel, the piston valve
being then reversed, the cock at the front end of the adjacent cylinder
being also reversed, and the pressure in the water reservoir being
removed. The small cylinder herein-before described, the use of which
for producing the advance motion is already known, may be employed
for regulating the advance of the engine otherwise than by checking a
flow of water; for example, a spring or break may be worked by this
piston so as to offer resistance to the advance and release it when
required.
My Invention consists, secondly, in means of regulating or adjusting
the engine for working in materials of different hardness or softness. For
this purpose I form several ports in the main cylinder at varying

page_text: distances from the cylinder end, and communicating with the passage
leading to the advance cylinder through a cock common to all these ports.
According to whether the material operated upon necessitates a short
or long stroke I turn the cock to open the way between the advance
cylinder and one or other of the ports, to produce the advance of the
engine when the main piston has passed this port in its stroke.
also sometimes desirable to alter the position of the ports communicating
between the main cylinder and its valve; this may be effected by an
arrangement similar to that last described, or the communication
between the cylinder and its valve may be throttled or wire-drawn.
It is
My Invention consists, thirdly, in an improved mode of securing the
tool in the end of the piston rod. For this purpose I thread the end
of the piston rod or socket to receive a nut, and I make the position for
the ordinary key adjustable by screwing up the nut to allow the key to
jam against it. I compensate for wear and am thus enabled to dispense
with washers as usually employed. For the same purpose I sometimes
employ a nut on the inner end of the tool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Bernard Doering in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
BERNARD DOERING, of Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Bernard Doering, Her special
licence that I, the said Frederick Bernard Doering, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Bernard
Doering, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING OR WORKING IN ROCK, STONE,
OR EARTH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick Bernard Doering, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Bernard Doering, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
The first part of my Invention in boring engines relates to means of
regulating the forward movement as the work progresses of the main
cylinder in which the piston carrying the tool works, and this part of the
Invention is represented in longitudinal elevation, partly in section, in
Figure 1, and in transverse section through the line 1-2 of Figure 1 in
Figure 2. It mainly consists in regulating (by means of a piston valve a
or other form of valve or cock) the supply of water or other fluid (prefer-
ably an incompressible fluid) to, and the outlet of such fluid from, a
a cylinder or a pair of cylinders b, b, attached and adjacent to the main
cylinder c, the said valve a being worked by a piston in a cylinder in the
manner described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me
on the Tenth day of June 1867, No. 1704, by motive fluid distributed
from the main cylinder to the small cylinder d, the piston of which is
connected to the valve. Instead of attaching the adjacent cylinders to
the boring cylinder the piston or pistons of such adjacent cylinder or
cylinders may be attached to the working or boring cylinder, the adjacent
cylinder in this case being fixed. The adjacent cylinders b, b, have each
a fixed piston e, and a supply of compressed air or other motive fluid
may be maintained at the front thereof. So much of each of the
cylinders as is behind the piston or pistons is filled with water or other
fluid. A tube connected at f leads from the piston valve a to a
reservoir containing this water or fluid.
The action of the engine is as follows:-Supposing the main
cylinder c and adjacent cylinders b, b, are at the back end of their

page_text: travel, whenever the tool as it continues to work has cut to a suflicient
depth to allow the main piston to uncover a port in the main cylinder
communicating with the cylinder of the piston valve a, this valve
moves and allows part of the water in the adjacent cylinders b, b,
to escape under the pressure of the compressed air on the other
side of the fixed pistons e, e, or under the pressure due to the weight
of the machine if the same is working downwards; the adjacent
cylinders and main cylinders are thus caused to advance and this
advance takes place intermittently according to the quantity of water
which escapes from the valve until they reach the forward end of their
travel. A cock at the front part of the adjacent cylinders, not shown in
the Drawings, is then opened to let out the compressed air therefrom, and
pressure is exerted on the water in the reservoir to force the water
through the valve into the adjacent cylinders, the small cylinder d
exhausting into the main cylinder to allow the valve a to be moved by
the pressure of the water, the piston of the main cylinder being put
into the required position. The pressure of the water in the adjacent
cylinders causes them and the main cylinder c to run back on their
supporting bars to recommence their forward travel, the valve a is then
closed, the cock at the front end of the adjacent cylinders is reversed,
and the pressure in the water reservoir is removed. When the engine is
working vertically or nearly so the employment of compressed air in the
adjacent cylinders may be dispensed with, as the weight of the engine
will be sufficient to effect the feed as the tool cuts. Again instead of
compressed air in the adjacent cylinders a vacuum may be created in the
water reservoir connected with the valve. This application of water to
regulate the advance of a boring engine may be applied directly to the
advance of the boring tool, as shown in Figure 3, the cylinder a being
stationary and the piston rod b forming a cylinder in which a piston c
attached to the boring tool moves. Water is placed in the front portion
of the piston rod at f, and a pressure of the motive fluid acting on the
back of the piston at g being constantly supplied through h to keep it
pressed against the water so as to advance when the water or a portion
of it is discharged through k. In this case the valve for the discharge is
formed by the piston. This discharge can only take place when the tool
has penetrated to such a depth as to allow the port k to communicate
with m.
A circular groove is cut in the piston at k to regulate or adjust
the engine for working in materials of different hardness or softness. I
form several ports g, g, g, in the main cylinder at various distances from

page_text: the cylinder end, and communicating with the passage leading to the
advance cylinder d through a cock (not shown) common to all these
ports. According to whether the material operated upon necessitates a
short or long stroke, I turn the cock to open the way between the
advance cylinder and one or other of the ports to produce the
advance of the engine when the main piston has passed this port in its
stroke; or, instead of employing a cock common to all these ports, I
provide plugs by which I can close all the ports except the one required
for work. It is also sometimes desirable to alter the position of the
ports in the main cylinder for working the valve; this may be effected
by a cock h arranged similarly to that before described, or the com-
munication between the cylinder and its valve piston may be throttled
or wire-drawn.
My Invention consists, secondly, in an improved mode of securing the
tool in the end of the piston rod. For this purpose I thread the end of
the piston rod or socket, as represented in Figure 6, to receive a nut a,
and I make the position for the ordinary key b adjustable, as shewn. I
screw up the nut a, and then drive in the key which jambs against it.
1 thus compensate for wear, and am enabled to dispense with washers as
usually employed. In some cases I form grooves in the nut, as shewn
at c, Fig. 5, to receive the edge of the key; the nut is thus prevented
turning. I can also employ a nut on the inner end of the tool head, as
shewn in Figure 6. I can form the rod of the main piston hollow;
and pass the tool down it, securing it by a nut and key, as shewn in
Figure 5.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. Regulating the advanced movement of boring engines by a
column or body of water or other fluid which is liberated in proportion
to the progress of the work, and thereby allows the tool to advance as
required, substantially as herein-before described.
Second. The arrangement, substantially as herein-before described
with reference to Figures 1 and 2, for regulating the advance movement
by a column of fluid liberated in proportion to the progress of the work
by means of a valve connected with a small cylinder which is operated
from the main cylinder.
Third. The improved mode or modes herein-before described of securing

page_text: the tool to the piston rod, consisting of a nut which is screwed up to
allow the key to jamb against it, as before explained, whereby I
compensate for wear.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Bernard Doering, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
F. B. DŒERING. (L.S.)