Year: 1881

page_text: I WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON of 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Patent Agent seck leave to amend the specification of Letters Patent,
No. 4811 of 1881, as shown in red ink in the copy of the original specification
hereunto annexed as follows:-
<t
Page 3 line 9, omit "1492 [sic]" and substitute "1942" line 21 of the blue book,
for baskets" substitute "brackets." Page 4, line 30 omit "also." Line 32 omit
"and that will enable" and substitute "in combination with" and omit "with".
and substitute "having."
My reasons for making this amendment are as follows:-
That I am the sole owner and assignee of said letters patent. That the number
1492 and the word "basket" are clerical errors, that the first claim is too broad,
and that I wish to restrict it to the combination merely, and not to the combination
and cach part taken`separately.

page_text: the matter of an application by William Phillips Thompson (assignee)
for leave to amend the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Felix
M'Ilvenna for "Apparatus for displaying clothing and other articles in shop
windows &c." dated the 3rd November 1881, No. 4811.
I hereby grant leave to the said William Phillips Thompson to amend the said
ecification in the manner proposed.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Felix M'Ilvenna, of 1, Hilton Street, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Shop Fitting Manufacturer, for an Invention
TAL AND RuTING ΤΟ ADDADATHIC FOR DISPLAYING
the County of Lancaster, Shop Fitting Manufacturer, for an Invention
TAT AND RUITING TO ADRADATHIS FOR
DISPLAYING
CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS And other PLACES.”
CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS AND OTHER PLACES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Felix M'Ilvenna at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1881.
FELIX M'ILVENNA of 1 Hilton Street Manchester in 'the County of Lancaster
Shop Fitting Manufacturer "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS
FOR DISPLAYING CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS AND OTHER
PLACES."
This Invention relates to the class of goods for improvements on which the series
of Letters Patent No. 1942 of 1877 Nos. 108 and 2821 of 1880 and Nos. 979
and 2237 of 1881, have from time to time been applied for.
In the arrangement of stands and brackets as at present largely in use for
displaying goods of different sorts considerable length of time is taken up in
adjusting thumb screws set screws springs and other equivalent mechanical
devices and these screws springs et cetera are very liable to be lost or wear or
otherwise get out of order. It is chiefly to expedite the fixing and adjusting of
these articles and consequently the "dressing" of the windows and other parts of
shops or show rooms that these improvements have been designed.
In place of the cylindrical horizontal window rods now used I employ angular
and preferably square rods and at the same time form the sockets or notches in the
carrying brackets of corresponding contour and in some cases where the supports
are arranged to stand at an angle as in Patent No. 2237 of 1881 I arrange
the rods or their sockets so that they can be turned to a similar angle or the
articles on the rods have bases with sockets in two or more angles so as to be
placed to correspond if required. By this means all necessity for clamps is
obviated as the rods cannot all turn in their sockets. I also form the various
stands brackets and other appliances for displaying good on these bars with a
pair of jaws forming a notch nicely fitting the bar but if desirable expanding at
the ends and are preferably made with a tight or spring fit so as to grasp the rod
tightly. They thus can be simply placed on the bar yet hold perfectly without
screws springs or the like. Scarf brackets for instance by this means instead of
being formed with an expensive socket stand and top can be formed with a
simple piece of iron somewhat resembling a double pothook with a square turn to
fit over the bar. The round hook forming the broad hook on which the polo or
back of a scarf rests.
I avoid set screws springs and other inconvenient mechanism on vertical rods
as well as horizontal and instead of the old plans of fastening the bust to them by
set screws below and of raising or lowering by screw adjustment under the
raiment to be exhibited I attach the bust by the top only and thus by mechanism
extending above the bust can raise or lower it at will One plan of doing this
is to notch the bar and employ spring or other catches worked by a spring or

page_text: springs lever or levers projecting downwards inside the bust from their pivot in
the plate on the top of the bust to the notches on the rod By compressing the
ends of these springs or levers the catches are withdrawn and the bust can be
raised or lowered as required Friction clutches can take the place of catches or
even a collar with a screwed sleeve upon which the bust hangs The notched end
of the rod can slide inside a tube in the interior of the bust. In order to more
easily insert this mechanism and to arrange for a divided bust as in my former
Patents I form the bust in two halves and make it of wood straw or cotton pulp
or other suitablo material moulded and afterwards enamelled. When theso halves
have to be permanently united and indeed generally I mould the halves with a
series of sockets all round their edge so that they can be fastened together by pins
or blades inserted in the sockets and if desirable glued.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Felix M'Ilvenna in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd May
1882.
FELIX M'ILVENNA of 1 Hilton Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Shop Fitting Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS
FOR DISPLAYING CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS AND OTHER
PLACES."
This Invention relates to the class of goods for improvements on which the
series of Letters Patent No. 1492 [sic] 1942 of 1877 Nos. 108 and 2821 of 1880
and Nos. 979 and 2237 of 1881 have from time to time been applied for.
In the arrangement of stands and brackets as at present largely in use for
displaying goods of different sorts considerable length of time is taken up in
adjusting thumb screws set screws springs and their mechanical devices and
these screws springs et cetera are very liable to be lost or wear or otherwise get
out of order. It is chiefly to expedite the fixing and adjusting of these articles
and consequently the "dressing" of the windows, and, other parts of shops or
showrooms that these improvements have been designed. My first improveinent
is set forth in Sheet 1.
In place of the cylindrical horizontal window rods now used I employ angular
and preferably square rods and at the same time form the sockets or notches in
the carrying baskets, brackets of corresponding contour and in some cases where the
supports are arranged to stand at an angle as in Patent No. 2237 of 1881 1 arrange
the rods or their sockets so that they can be turned to a similar angle or preferably
the articles on the rods have bases with sockets in two or more angles as shown in
the shoe displaying mechanism set forth in Patent No. 2237 of 1881 so that they
can be placed vertically when the rods, are oblique if desired. By this means all
necessity for clamps is obviated as the rods cannot turn in their sockets. No. 6 in
said Figure is a shoe stand in a socket made in this way. I also form the various
stands brackets and other appliances for displaying goods on the bars with a pair
of jaws forming a notch nicely fitting the bar but if desirable expanding at the
ends and are preferably made with a tight or spring fit so as to grasp the rod
tightly. They thus can be simply placed on the bar yet hold perfectly without
screws springs or the like. Scarf brackets for instance by this means instead of
being formed with an expensive socket stand and top can be formed with a simple
piece of iron somewhat resembling a double pothook with a square turn to fit over
the bar or as in No. 9 of the Drawings.
Busts are now constructed by pasting one layer of paper over another upon a
form made for that purpose until the required thickness has been obtained. As
the resulting bust is rough and unsightly, it has to be padded with cotton and
covered over with cloth before it is of use. The bust is consequently heavy, not

page_text: very strong, and expensive. This bust is placed on a support and can be adjusted
as regards height by undoing the clamping screw, lifting it up and clamping it at
a higher point in the stand. This operation is very difficult to do when a dress is
on the bust without crushing said dress and even when there is no dress on the
bust the operation is troublesome.
Now our Invention is designed to avoid those difficulties and enable the shopmen
when a dress is being displayed on the bust to raise or lower the bust with one
hand as required.
The apparatus is shown in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a view of stand with bust in outline and Fig. 2 is a half sized view of
mechanism. In these A is a wooden stand, B bust C screw or cylindrical rack
rigidly attached to wooden stand by socket D and a pin through the hole E,
F plate fixed on the neck of the bust G tube rigidly fixed to or formed in one
with plate F H H two lovers pivoted to the plate Fat the points I I and armed
with projections J J biting into the screw or rack C. If a screw be used instead
of the rack shown in the Drawings it should have a fine pitch and the arms must
be made with their projections to fit the screw. In practice however the
cylindrical rack as shown is to be preferred or frictional appliances could be used
instead, K K are guides for levers H H attached to sheath G to prevent said levers
having too much play. L L, are springs or a single plate spring attached to plate F,
and bearing on the handle ends of levers H H so as to keep their other ends
engaged in the rack C.
:
To lighten the bust and make it much stronger smoother and of proper shapo
and thus do without the costly covering of cloth and also to more easily insert the
above described mechanism I sometimes arrange for a divided bust as set forth in
my-previous-Patent. The two halves I form separately and of wood pulp paper
pulp, straw pulp, or other suitable material, and while in the soft condition
I compress the half bust between two iron moulds or an exterior iron mould and
an interior flexible mould such as an india rubber or water bag one of the contour
required. These I submit to hydraulic or other very heavy pressure till the bust is
squeezed dry and compressed into a very hard thin tough woody structure. The
harder the material is pressed within the present practicable limits of machinery
the better is the result. If an undividable bust be required I pierce holes or
sockets near the edge of the pulp half busts and placing them together over the
edges of a board cut to shape I nail or peg them to it (if need be with glue as
well) I then smooth up the junction and nail heads with putty or patent
filling up used by engine painters and paint and varnish the bust to any
desirable color.
"
Having now described my Invention and the best modes known to me of
carrying it into effect I wish it to be understood that what I believe to be new
and desire to claim under the Patent is
1st The manufacture of the horizontal rods or tubes used for displaying articles
in shop windows and also the corresponding notches in the supporting brackets of a
square or other section which will enable the rod or tube to slip into its notch and
when in the notch be incapable of rotation and-that-will-enable in combination
with articles with having correspondingly shaped notches to be placed thereon so
that the shape of the notch and rod or tube shall prevent the article from turning
upon the rod or tube substantially as described.
2nd The manufacture of parallel rod fittings formed with a jaw or socket made
to fit a square or other equivalent form of parallel rod so that it will be incapable
of turning upon the rod though unprotected by a clamping screw or otherwise,
substantially as described.
3rd The manufacture of busts supported on their stands by clamping apparatus
worked from above by hand so that the bust can be raised and lowered and its
height on the stand altered, without disarranging the clothing displayed thereon
substantially as described.

page_text: 4th The manufacture of busts from fibrous pulp compressed in moulds joined
up and painted or enamelled.
5th The shop window fittings and also the busts substantially as herein described
and illustrated.
In witness whereof I the said Felix M'Ilvenna havo hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty sixth day of April in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Felix M'Ilvenna, of 1, Hilton Street, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Shop Fitting Manufacturer, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING
CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS AND OTHER PLACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Felix M'Ilvenna at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1881.
FELIX M'ILVENNA, of 1, Hilton Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Shop Fitting Manufacturor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS
FOR DISPLAYING CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS AND OTHER
PLACES."
This Invention relates to the class of goods for improvements on which the series
of Letters Patent No. 1942 of 1877, Nos. 108 and 2821 of 1880, and Nos. 979
and 2237 of 1881, have from time to time been applied for.
In the arrangement of stands and brackets as at present largely in use for
displaying goods of different sorts, considerable length of time is taken up in
adjusting thumb screws, set screws, springs, and other equivalent mechanical
devices, and these screws, springs, et cetera, are very liable to be lost, or wear, or
otherwise get out of order. It is chiefly to expedite the fixing and adjusting of
these articles, and consequently the "dressing" of the windows and other parts of
shops or show rooms that these improvements have been designed.
In place of the cylindrical horizontal window rods now used I employ angular
and preferably square rods, and at the same time form the sockets or notches in the
carrying brackets of corresponding contour, and in some cases where the supports
are arranged to stand at an angle, as in my Patent No. 2237 of 1881, I arrange
the rods or their sockets so that they can be turned to a similar angle, or the
articles on the rods have bases with sockets in two or more angles, so as to be
placed to correspond if required. By this means all necessity for clamps is
Price fd1

page_text: •
obviated, as the rods cannot all turn in their sockets. I also form the various
stands, brackets, and other appliances for displaying goods on these bars with a
pair of jaws forming a notch nicely fitting the bar, but if desirable expanding at
the ends, and are preferably made with a tight or spring fit so as to grasp the rod
tightly. They thus can be simply placed on the bar, yet hold perfectly without
screws, springs, or the like. Scarf brackets, for instance, by this means instead of
being formed with an expensive socket, stand, and top, can be formed with a
simple piece of iron somewhat resembling a double pothook with a square turn to
fit over the bar, the round book forming the broad hook on which the polo or
back of a scarf rests.
I avoid set screws, springs, and other inconvenient mechanism on vertical rods
as well as horizontal, and instead of the old plans of fastening the bust to them by
set screws below, and of raising or lowering by screw adjustment under the
raiment to be exhibited, I attach the bust by the top only, and thus by mechanism
extending above the bust can raise or lower it at will. One plan of doing this
is to notch the bar and employ spring or other catches worked by a spring or
springs, lever or levers projecting downwards inside the bust from their pivot in
the plate on the top of the bust to the notches on the rod. By compressing the
ends of these springs or levers the catches are withdrawn, and the bust can be
raised or lowered as required. Friction clutches can take the place of catches, or
even a collar with a screwed sleeve upon which the bust hangs. The notched end
of the rod can slide inside a tube in the interior of the bust. In order to more
easily insert this mechanism and to arrange for a divided bust, as in my former
Patents, I form the bust in two halves, and make it of wood, straw, or cotton pulp,
or other suitable material-moulded-and-afterwards-enamelled.When these halves
have to be permanently united, and indeed generally I mould the halves with a
series of sockets all round their edge, so that they can be fastened together by pins
or blades inserted in the sockets, and if desirable glued.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Felix M'Ilvenna in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd May
1882.
«
FELIX M'ILVENNA, of 1, Hilton Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Shop Fitting Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS
FOR DISPLAYING CLOTHING AND OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS AND OTHER
PLACES."
This Invention relates to the class of goods for improvements on which the
series of Letters Patent No. 1492 [sic] of 1877, Nos. 108 and 2821 of 1880, aud
Nos. 979 and 2237 of 1881, have from time to timo been applied for.
In the arrangement of stands and brackets as at present largely in use for
displaying goods of different sorts, considerable length of time is taken up in
adjusting thumb screws, set screws, springs, and their mechanical devices,
and these screws, springs, et cetera, are very liable to be lost, or wear, or
otherwise get out of order. It is chiefly to expedite the fixing and adjusting of
these articles, and consequently the "dressing" of the windows and other parts of
shops or showrooms that these improvements have been designed. My first
improvement is set forth in Sheet 1.
In place of the cylindrical horizontal window rods now used I employ angular
and preferably square rods, and at the same time form the sockets or notches in
the carrying baskets of corresponding contour, and in some cases where the
supports are arranged to stand at an angle, as in Patent No. 2237 of 1881, I arrange
the rods or their sockets so that they can be turned to a similar angle, or
preferably, the articles on the rods have bases with sockets in two or more angles
as shown in the shoc displaying mechanism set forth in Patent No. 2237
of 1881, so that they can be placed vertically when the rods are oblique if desired.
By this means all necessity for clamps is obviated, as the rods cannot turn in their
sockets; No. 6 in said Figure is a shoe stand in a socket made in this way. I also
form the various stands, brackets, and other appliances for displaying goods on
the bars with a pair of jaws forming a notch nicely fitting the bar, but if
desirable expanding at the ends, and are preferably made with a tight or spring fit
so as to grasp the rod tightly. They thus can be simply placed on the bar, yet
hold perfectly without screws, springs, or the like. Scarf brackets, for instance, by
this means instead of being formed with an expensive socket stand and top can be
formed with a simple piece of iron somewhat resembling a double pothook with a
square turn to fit over the bar, or as in No. 9 of the Drawings.
Busts are now constructed by pasting one layer of paper over another upon a
form made for that purpose until the required thickness has been obtained. As
the resulting bust is rough and unsightly, it has to be padded with cotton and
covered over with cloth before it is of use. The bust is consequently heavy, not
very strong, and expensive. This bust is placed on a support and can be adjusted
as regards height by undoing the clamping screw, lifting it up, and clamping it at
a higher point in the stand. This operation is very difficult to do when a dress is,
on the bust without crushing said dress, and even when there is no dress on the
bust the operation is troublesome.
Now our Invention is designed to avoid these difficulties and enable the shopmen
when a dress is being displayed on the bust to raise or lower the bust with one
hand as required.
The apparatus is shown in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a view of stand with bust in outline, and Fig. 2 is a half sized view of
mechanism: In these A is a wooden stand; B, bust; C, screw or cylindrical rack
rigidly attached to wooden stand by socket D and a pin through the hole E;
F, plate fixed on the neck of the bust; G, tube rigidly fixed to or formed in one

page_text: with plate F; H, H, two levers pivoted to the plate F at the points I, I, and armed
with projections J, J, biting into the screw or rack C. If a screw be used instead
of the rack shown in the Drawings, it should have a fine pitch, and the arms must
be made with their projections to fit the screw. In practice however the
cylindrical rack, as shown, is to be preferred, or frictional appliances could be used
instead; K, K, are guides for levers H, H, attached to sheath G, to prevent said
lovers having too much play; L, L, are springs or a single plate spring attached to
plate F and bearing on the handle ends of levers H, H, so as to keep their other
ends engaged in the rack C.
To lighten the bust and make it much stronger, smoother, and of proper shape,
and thus do without the costly covering of cloth, and also to more easily insert the
above described mechanism, I sometimes arrange for a divided bust, as set forth in
my previous Patent. The two halves I form separately, and of wood pulp, paper
pulp, straw pulp, or other suitable material, and while in the soft condition
I compress the half bust between two iron moulds or an exterior iron mould, and
an interior flexible mould, such as an india rubber or water bag, one of the contour
required. These I submit to hydraulic or other very heavy pressure till the bust is
squeezed dry, and compressed into a very hard thin tough woody structure. The
harder the material is pressed within the present practicable limits of machinery
the better is the result. If an undividable bust be required I pierce holes or
sockets near the edge of the pulp half busts, and placing them together over the
edges of a board cut to shape, I nail or peg them to it (if need be with glue as
well); I then smooth up the junction and nail heads with putty or patent
filling up" used by engine painters, and paint and varnish the bust to any
desirable color.
Having now described my Invention, and the best modes known to me of
carrying it into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I believe to be new
and desire to claim under the Patent is,--
1st. The manufacture of the horizontal rods or tubes used for displaying articles
in shop windows, and also the corresponding notches in the supporting brackets of a
square or other section, which will enable the rod or tube to slip into its notch, and
when in the notch be incapable of rotation, and that will enable articles with
correspondingly shaped notches to be placed thereon, so that the shape of the notch
and rod or tube shall prevent the article from turning upon the rod or tube,
substantially as described.
2nd. The manufacture of parallel rod fittings formed with a jaw or socket made
to fit a square or other equivalent form of parallel rod, so that it will be incapable
of turning upon the rod though unprotected by a clamping screw or otherwise,
substantially as described.
3rd. The manufacture of busts supported on their stands by clamping apparatus
worked from above by hand, so that the bust can be raised and lowered and its
height on the stand altered, without disarranging the clothing displayed thereon,
substantially as described.
4th. The manufacture of busts from fibrous pulp compressed in moulds joined
up and painted or enamelled.
5th. The shop window fittings and also the busts, substantially as herein
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Felix M'Ilvenna, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
FELIX MCILVENNA. (L.S.)