matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RACK PULLEYS FOR WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by Richard Nicholas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1874.
I, RICHARD NICHOLAS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engine Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RACK PULLEYS FOR WINDOW BLINDS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
of rack pulleys for window blinds, by means of which the pulley can
be more readily removed for the purpose of readjustment and tightening
of the cord than by any of the arrangements previously in use.
This Invention admits of three modifications in the construction of
sliding plates to which the rack pulleys are attached.
In the first of these modifications a piece of metal technically termed
a "blank" is cut of the requisite size and thickness. The edges of the
"blank
are then turned over by the aid of the press tools in such a
manner that it shall be capable of clipping the rack and of sliding freely
"

page_text: thereon. Two slots are then made by means of suitable tools, one on
each side of the sliding plate, within the edges which have been turned
over as before mentioned, so that a portion of the metal is left in the
centre of the plate, forming a spring which will take into the teeth of
the rack, the latter being of the ordinary description, or the spring may
be made in one piece with or attached to the sliding plate without any
slots in the latter. In this form the pulley and sliding plate have to be
drawn downwards until they reach the bottom of the rack plate before
they can be removed.
The second modification which is embraced by this Invention is as
follows:-The sliding plate is formed substantially as before described,
but the knob and pulley spindle are so attached to the spring that upon
imparting an oblique downward pressure on the knob, that is to say, by
depressing the lower side of the latter, the forward end of the spring to
which it is attached will be raised and liberated from the teeth of the
rack, over which, so long as such oblique pressure is exerted, the plate
and spring will move freely, either in an upward or downward direction.
In the third form of construction which comes within the scope of
this Invention the sliding plate is of the description previously described,
but an additional plate is connected to the forward end thereof, the same :
having a transverse slot therein through which the end of the spring
passes, and takes into the teeth of the rack. A thumb piece is provided
at the forward end of such additional plate, and upon pressure being
exercised upon such thumb piece in an upward direction, the end of the
spring is slightly raised above the teeth of the rack, so that the sliding a
plate and rack pulley can be readily slid upwards or downwards, and
fixed in any position by removing the pressure from the thumb piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND Steam Generators
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kitchin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1874.
I, JOHN KITCHIN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND
Steam Generators," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention relates to the construction of steam boilers and steam
generators either vertical or horizontal, and consists in the application
and use of wholly or partially corrugated plates of iron, steel, or other
metal, in the construction of the flues, cross tubes, or shells of vertical
or horizontal boilers and other steam generators, principally at those
parts exposed to the action of the fire for the purpose of increasing the
amount of heating surface, and thereby reducing the consumption of
fuel:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- : FACTURE OF STEEL GIRDERS AND RAILWAY RAILS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Fox, of Stocksbridge Works, Deepcar,
near Sheffield, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
:
FACTURE OF STEEL GIRDERS AND RAILWAY RAILS."
Sealed the 6th July 1874, and dated the 28th April 1874.

page_text: °
flanges. Such rails are at present made from ingots of rectangular
section consequently in the rolling process, whilst the width of the ingot
is very much reduced to form the web or centre portion of the rail, the
reduction of the width of the ingot at the bottom where the foot of the
rail is formed is comparatively small. This leads to the feet being
imperfectly formed and any small defect in the surface of the ingot,
which occurring in any other part would be closed up and obliterated
is here liable to extend into a tear such as to render the rail unservice-
able.
I The ingots heretofore used have also been cast much deeper than the
finished rail, and in reducing this depth the partly formed rail has been
rolled repeatedly on the head and foot and it is the rolling in this
direction especially which tends to tear the flanges.
When the manufacture of girders from steel ingots is attempted the
difficulty is even more formidable.
Now according to my Invention in making flat footed steel rails and
flanged girders I cast the ingot but slightly if at all higher than the
finished rail or girder, and with the flat foot or the flanges, as the case
may be, already formed upon it, and if not altogether in proportion to
the web, still so that there may not be the wide difference there is at
present beween the amounts of reduction which the rolling has to effect
in the different parts of the ingot. The ingot is rolled on its sides until
the required reduction is effected. In this manner sound feet and
flanges can be produced without difficulty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIRAL SPRINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Friedrich Braun at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th July 1874.
I, WILHELM FRIEDRICH BRAUN, of Carlsbad, Bohemia, in the Empire
of Austria, but temporarily residing in Salisbury Square, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIRAL SPRINGS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
spiral spings, and is designed to produce a cheap, simple, and efficient
spiral spring; which whilst sensitive to a light weight or small force
shall be sufficiently powerful to resist with a very small amount of play
or deflection the operation of a heavy weight or force, and my improved
spiral springs will be found especially applicable in substitution for the
compound spiral springs at present commonly used, in cases where the
weight or force the spring is required to resist or counteract varies
within wide limits. For this purpose in my improved spiral springs
the metal is rolled or formed of a gradually increasing thickness or
cross sectional area, and is coiled as round a cylinder into a spiral of

page_text: uniform diameter or radius, so that when subjected to a light weight or
force only the more sensitive part of the spring, that is, the part
composed of metal of small sectional area, is compressed or extended as
the case may be; the parts of larger sectional area being brought into
operation when increased weights or forces are brought to bear according
to the amount of the weight or force. By this arrangement it will be
evident that the more powerful portions of the spring tend to support its
lighter or more sensitive portions when under compression.
For rolling these improved springs cam shaped rollers may be
employed, the peripheries being formed so that as they revolve the space
between the rollers for the passage of the metal gradually increases
accordingly to the sectional area required to be given to the metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Franklin Wisner Brooks, of the City, County,
and State of New York, in the United States of America, but at
present of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER
AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 5th February 1875, and dated the 24th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Franklin Wisner Brooks
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th November 1874.
I, FRANKLIN WISNER BROOKS, of the City, County, and State of New
York, in the United States of America, but at present of 23, South-
ampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates, firstly, to an improvement in the dials of meters
for measuring water and other liquids, whereby any discoloration pro-

page_text: duced by the contact of the water with the counter gearing, or with
other parts of the meter, is prevented from obscuring the index or dial.
For this purpose instead of marking the index or dial on a plate forming
or fixed to the upper plate of the counting apparatus I form the dial or
index on a glass disc enclosing the counting apparatus, and this may
be done with the aid of a single glass disc, on the top or bottom surface
of which the dial or index is cut or otherwise indicated; or two glass
discs may be employed, in which case I cut or otherwise indicate the
dial or index on the upper side of the lower dise, or on the under sido of
the upper disc, the two discs being placed preferably in close contact
with each other. The hands or pointers it will be understood are to
bo placed as near as possible to the glass disc or discs without touching
them. By these means the water or other liquid may be allowed free
access to the counting apparatus and dial, and thereby obviate the
necessity heretofore existing in some cases of passing the first motion
spindle through a stuffing box.
The Invention relates, secondly, to the application of means to liquid
meters to readily indicate when such meters are in a vertical or other
position. For this purpose I mount in any suitable part of the metar
a circular level, so that by a glance at such level it will be instantly seen
when the meter is in a vertical or other position; and I by preference
place such level on the counter underneath the dial, so as to be beyond
the access of the user of the meter without injury to the meter; but
such level may be otherwise placed, and if desired instead of using a
circular level two straight levels may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATE OF POTASH AND PRUSSIATE OF SODA, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR COLLECTING AND UTILIZING THE GASES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES EMITTED IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Nield and Benjamin
Foster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th March 1874.
We, SAMUEL NIELD and BENJAMIN FOSTER, both of Leeds, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATE OF POTASH AND PRUSSIATE OF
SODA, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR COLLECTING AND UTILIZING THE GASES
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES EMITTED IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF,'
to be as
follows:-
:-
"
Hitherto a great loss has been sustained by the manufacturer of
prussiate of potash and prussiate of soda on account of the amount of
animal matter in combination with useful gases passing off into the
atmosphere and being wasted.
The object of our Invention is to collect and use the animal and other
matters, also to utilize the gases for illuminating, heating, and other
purposes.
The materials used are of a similar description to those usually
employed in the manufacture of prussiate of potash or prussiate of soda;

page_text: way.
The gases, animal, and other matters, which have hitherto passed into
the air are conducted or drawn by suitable means through suitable pipes
or flues, and conveyed thereby into a receiver or receivers containing 5
"liquor."
This liquor may consist of a solution of alkali, acid, pure water, or
their equivalents.
When the gases are passed through the liquor a deposit is left, which
consists partly of animal colouring matter and potash, after the animal 1
matter and potash have been deposited they are taken out and used
again. The colouring matter which is also deposited may be employed
for dyeing or other purposes.
When preferred the gases may be drawn or conducted from the retort,
and conveyed direct to any required place, and employed for illuminating, 1
heating, or other purposes.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND MEASURING THE FLOW AND DISCHARGE OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS, FOR PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF, APPLICABLE TO WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy George Pout at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1874.
I, PERCY GEORGE POUT, of Balham, in the County of Surrey,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND MEASURING THE FLOW AND
DISCHARGE OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS, FOR PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF,
APPLICABLE TO WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
regulating and measuring the flow and discharge of water or other
liquids in order to prevent waste thereof, applicable to waterclosets,
flushing drains, or other purposes where it is desired to discharge a given
quantity of water or other liquid at intervals. For this purpose in
accordance with one method of carrying out my improvements, a short
cylinder truly bored is arranged in which a piston is moved up and down
by a piston rod and lever attachment.
A valve seating is formed in the body of the piston, the passage being
opened and closed by means of a valve on the end of another rod, the

page_text: other end of which carries a valve which opens and closes the outlet
passage from the measuring chamber.
The above apparatus is fitted into a chamber which holds the desired
quantity of liquid required for each separate discharge, which may be
either fixed in the cistern or reservoir from which it is intended to
regulate or measure the liquid, or a small supply cistern may be formed
in or upon the said chamber and supplied by a ball valve or otherwise.
The action is as follows:-On the piston rod being lifted, to which the
piston is attached, the inlet valve to the measuring chamber is first
closed, and on the upward motion being continued the outlet valve is
opened, thus emptying the chamber containing a measured quantity of
liquid; no more liquid can then enter the chamber until the inlet valvo
is opened, which cannot take place until the outlet valve is closed, thus
limiting with certainty the quantity of liquid discharged at each
operation. The pressure of water effectually keeps the valves tight and
free from leakage
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING TIN OR TERNE PLATES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Edwards, Philip Jones,
and David Davics at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd April 1874.
We, DANIEL EDWARDS, PHILIP JONES, and DAVID DAVIES, all of
Morriston, near Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING TIN OR TERNE PLATES," to be as follows:-
The process of cleansing the surfaces of tin or terne plates from
grease and oil after they have undergone the coating process is usually
effected by hand, and the Invention relates to mechanical means for
effecting it. For this purpose the bran, or sharps, or other substances
employed as the cleansing medium, is fed by a hopper or feed means
to rubbers which have sliding motion given to them, and are formed
with holes inclined or otherwise to facilitate the passage of the cleansing
media through to the surfaces of the plates to be cleansed, and thence
to a receiver for it. The plates to be cleansed are fed to or placed
between these rubbers, and are by them conducted to between pairs of
rollers. The first pair of these rollers is covered with chamois leather,

page_text: sheepskin, india-rubber, or other suitable substance. The second pair
are called brushes, and are covered with sheepskin or other suitable
soft material, and so on, the third and each alternate pair of rollers
being formed like the first pair, and the fourth pair and each succeeding
alternate pair like the second pair of rollers. The last pair of rollers
of the series employed conducting the plates to a barrow or other
suitable receptacle.
We find a speed of about twenty revolutions a minute to the first
and succeeding alternate pair of rollers, and of about eightly revolutions
per minute to the second and succeeding alternate pair of rollers to
answer well, but these speeds and the relation of them may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEAT AND STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Percy Holt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 21st
September 1874.
I, HENRY PERCY HOLT, of Royal Insurance Buildings, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEAT AND STEAM GENERATORS," to be as
follows:-
==
This Invention consists in an improved injector for driving in licat
& feed water into steam generators. Its general form is somewhat
similar to Giffard's, with the following important alterations:-
The back pressure valve or clack is of a peculiar form, so as to protect
the faces from the action of heat and dirt. The overflow chamber is
formed into a combustion chamber (usually placed in the boiler or
receiver) by being provided with gas jets or other equivalent (to produce.
white heat) to ignite the fuel on its passages thro' into the boiler or
receiver; the water inlet in the old injector I now use for powdered
liquid or gaseous fuel inlet and the steam nozzles are in some cases
worked as before; or in lieu of steam atmospheric air is used under

page_text: pressure. An extra nozzle to introduce the feed water is provided in
the centre of the steam or air nozzle. The water & powdered fuel are
kept separate until after combustion has taken place, when the water
is used to moderate the intense heat given off by perfect combustion, and
thus to protect the parts of the injector from its action.
pressure. An extra nozzle to introduce the feed water is provided in
the centre of the steam or air nozzle. The water & powdered fuel are
kept separate until after combustion has taken place, when the water
is used to moderate the intense heat given off by perfect combustion, and
thus to protect the parts of the injector from its action.
A man-hole or blow-off cock for withdrawing ashes and dirt is provided
at the bottom of the boiler or receiver.
THE IMPROVEMENT AND DURABILITY OF TELEGRAPH AND SIGNAL POSTS, COLUMNS, PILASTERS, BOUNDARY POSTS, MILE POSTS, AND STANDARDS FOR THE SUPPORT OF MACHINERY, OR OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1874.
I, WILLIAM Hood, Ironfounder, of Reading, in the County of
Berkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
IMPROVEMENT AND DURABILITY OF TELEGRAPH AND SIGNAL POSTS, COLUMNS,
PILASTERS, BOUNDARY POSTS, MILE POSTS, AND STANDARDS FOR THE SUPPORT OF
MACHINERY, OR OTHER MATTERS," to be as follows:-
I purpose to make the above in one or more pieces entirely of cast iron
in the form of a tube either cylindrical or polygonal, but lightened by
casting vertical or other openings, ornamental or otherwise in the
thickness of the tube so as to reduce the weight and the cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sellers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1874.
I, WILLIAM SELLERS, of the Airedale Works, Keighley, in the County
of York, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate to means for holding the shuttle in position
in its carrier when in use, and for facilitating its correct working against
the face of the race. For this purpose the swinging bracket or such like
carrier for the shuttle is formed with a slide for the purpose of holding
the shuttle in position in such carrier; this slide is formed to turn on a
pivot as an axis towards one end of it, whilst the other end of it acts as
a stop to hold the shuttle in its carrier. The slide is operated as desired
by the turning of a small axis with a tappet or such like operating
means thereon to act in a corresponding opening in the slide so that by
turning this axis in one direction the shuttle may be freely introduced
to or removed from its chamber, or by turning it in the opposite direction
the passage will be closed to secure the shuttle in position.
The back of

page_text: the groove forming the chamber for the shuttle is formed with a slot or
longitudinal opening in the direction of the length of the shuttle to
receive a slight spring to bear on the shuttle about midway between
its top and bottom surfaces, and thereby to hold the shuttle to the
face of the race.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Bartlett Chapin and
Edward John Cotton Manico at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th March 1874.
WC, WALTER BARTLETT CHAPIN, of Wickford, Rhode Island, United
States of America, now of Lombard Street, in the City of London, and
EDWARD JOHN COTTON MANICO, of Ordell Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS," to be as
follows:-
The said Invention relates to the novel construction and application of
brakes for railway carriages and wagons, whereby a more direct retarding
action may be exerted upon the carriage or wagon wheels than is
practicable with the ordinary brake apparatus.
The said Invention may be combined with the electric or clectro-
magnetic apparatus for operating railway brakes, described in the
Specifications of former Letters Patent, bearing date the 13th day of
December, A.D. 1870, No. 3266, and the 9th day of October, A.D. 1872,
No. 2973, or with any other suitable apparatus for operating or adjusting
railway brakes.

page_text: Our improved brake is constructed and applied to a railway carriage
as follows:-The said brake has a shoe arranged to act upon the upper
part of the rim or tire of the wheel, instead of having a shoe or shoes to
act upon the tire at the front or back of the wheel as in other brakes.
The said shoe is connected by a link or bar with the short arm of a lever,
which has its fulcrum attached to the carriage spring near the centre of
the same just above the axle box, so that the brake will remain
unaffected by the vertical movements of the carriage body, and no
allowance has to be made for such movements in adapting the brake
shoc to the wheel. The long arm of the aforesaid lever is connected by
a suitable rod or bar with a lever or crank arm forming part of the
mechanism through which the brake is made controllable or adjustable
by the aforesaid electrical or clectro-magnetic apparatus, or by manual,
atmospheric, or other power employed for operating or adjusting the
brakes.
With a brake constructed and applied to a railway carriago as above
described, the adjustment of the brake is effected with a very slight
movement of the aforesaid lever, and a very great retarding power is
exerted, as by bringing the aforesaid brake shoe down upon the rim of
the wheel; the weight of the carriage or as much of this weight as may
be necessary is taken from the axle and caused to bear upon the tire of
the wheel. Moreover through the connection of the lever with the
spring, the pressure thus exerted upon the wheel will be yielding or
elastic, and therefore there will be less inconvenience and danger in
putting on the brake suddenly than whem the brake exerts an absolutely
unyielding or rigid pressure upon the wheel.
Our Invention although more especially designed for railway carriages
ordinarily so called, is also advantageously applicable to the cars or
vehicles of street railways or tramways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Highton at the Offico.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1874.
I, HENRY HIGHTON, M.A., of Putney, in the County of Surrey, do
licreby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the use of phosphor bronze or other
alloy of copper, combining great strength with good power of con-"
ducting electricity, and not easily liable to corrosion, in the following.
ways:-
1stly. I form a metallic core made wholly of such metal or a strand
composed partly of such metal, and partly of copper (the one to give
strength and the other conducting power) covered with gutta percha, or
other insulating material, and I prefer to enclose the whole in an
envelope of hemp or tape or other such substance to prevent injury in
the paying out, which envelope I prefer to cover over with a mixture of
pitch and silica or tar and red lead, or similar substance calculated at
once to lessen the friction and prevent the attacks of teredo or other

page_text: destructive marine insect. This cable may advantageously be used in
conjunction with my gold leaf instrument as described in the Specifica-
tion of my Patent, No. 4, dated Jan. 1st 1872. The sensitiveness of
the instrument more than compensating for any deficiency of conduc-
tivity in the metallic corc.
Or, 2ndly. I use an insulated core formed of copper, of high con-
ductivity, covered with gutta percha or other insulating material, and
then take six strands of wire formed of the metal prevously described,
and each covered over with hemp to the same diameter as the core, so
that when twisted round the core they shall form a cable nearly cylin-
drical. If the diameter of these outside compound strands be larger
than that of the core there must be fewer than six; if smaller, then
more than six, so as to form a cable as nearly cylindrical as possible. It
is obvious that the shore ends and intermediate parts of the cable must
be much stronger than the deep sea cable, and that much more metal
must be used outside. Now as this would be expensive I use for such
stronger parts of the cable a covering of iron or steel, and to prevent
the injurious galvanic action which would take place at the junction
between the iron and alloy of copper, I leave a considerable interval of
cable uncovered with metal between the end of the iron covering and
that of the alloy of copper, and in this interval I use a cable of the type
first described, so as to have sufficient strength in the core itself without
any outside envelope of metal.
Or, 3rdly. Where thought desirable the core may be covered with a.
number of thinner wires of the metal aforesaid without hemp, so as to
form a continuous metallic covering. In this case the core may be first
covered with a serving of hemp or tape or similar material if it be
thought necessary to prevent the immediate contact between the metallic.
wires and the core.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING STEAM AND FOR REFRIGERATING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Low at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1874.
I, ROBERT Low, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING STEAM AND FOR
REFRIGERATING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain new, improved, and useful appli-
cations of refrigerating apparatus acting by means of ether, liquid
ammonia, or other suitable volatile liquid.
By a first part of the Invention the said refrigerating apparatus is
combined with water distilling apparatus, such as is frequently used on
board ship for obtaining fresh water from salt, the object being in this
case to render the fresh water at once cool and palatable instead of luke-
warm and insipid as heretofore.
The ordinary condenser of the distilling apparatus is arranged to
deliver the condensed water into a coil of piping fitted inside the
evaporating or refrigerating chamber of the ether apparatus, and such

page_text: ether apparatus may be provided in addition with the usual cells for
freezing water, so as that if powerful enough it may both cool the con-
densed water and also make ice, or so that it may make ice when the
distilling apparatus does not happen to be working. The water may be
transferred from the distilling apparatus to the refrigerating apparatus
by means of a pump provided with an inlet for drawing in air or
carbonic acid gas for the purpose of aerating the water. The cooled
water may be stored in special tanks covered with felt, cement, or other
non-conducting materials, so as not to become heated (in a warm climate)
more rapidly than can possibly be avoided.
By another modification the condenser of the ordinary distilling
apparatus may be dispensed with, and the condensation of the steam bo
entirely effected in the ether apparatus as well as the cooling of the
condensed water, the steam being led at once into a coil of piping or
equivalent vessel of suitable proportions, placed within the evaporating
or refrigerating chamber of the other apparatus. Or the steam may be
led into a vessel or chamber having in it a pipe coil or worm through
which the other is made to pass whilst evaporating.
By another part of the Invention the steam of any condensing steam
engine, or of a vacuum pan used in sugar making, or of any other :
apparatus in which steam has to be condensed, or a vacuum is or maybe
formed by condensing steam, is led into apparatus constructed like any
suitable known kind of surface condenser, but instead of cold water
being used as the condensing or refrigorating medium, ether or other
suitable volatile liquid is substituted, and is made to evaporate by the
exhausting action of a pump, as in existing ether freezing machines.
AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENING FOR BRACELETS, WATCHES, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Webling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1874.
I, WALTER WEBLING, of No. 19, Cockspur Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENING FOR BRACELETS, WATCHES, OR OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The method usually employed for fastening bracelets and other similar
articles is by a small catch fixed to a spring, the catch fitting into a hole
or slot, or over a rim at a point of junction which formed a fastening.
By pressing a projection fixed to the catch it was released from the hole,
slot, or rim, and the bracelet could be opened. The objection to this
mode of fastening is that by external accidental pressure, it was easy for
the catch to be detached from the hole, slot, or rim, and for the bracelet
to fall off.
My improved method consists of reversing the arrangement for
opening. Instead of the catch being released from the hole, slot, or rim
by pressure, I so fix the catch that that part which when the bracelet is

page_text: fastened rests on the edge of the hole, slot, or rim, faces the reverse way.
In order to release the catch from the hole, rim, or slot I draw the
projection fixed to the catch outwards instead of pressing inwards.
I can apply my Invention in the same manner when the catch and
spring are in one and the same piece.
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THOSE KINDS OF SOLITAIRES, STUDS, SLEEVE LINKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY WHICH WHEN UNFASTENED OR UNSECURED CONSIST OF TWO OR MORE SEPARATE COMPONENT PARTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Garner Pendleton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1874.
I, HENRY GARNER PENDLETON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THOSE KINDS OF SOLITAIRES, STUDS, SLEEVE
LINKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY WHICH WHEN UNFASTENED OR UNSECURED
CONSIST OF TWO OR MORE SEPARATE COMPONENT PARTS," to be as follows:-
My present improvements relate particularly to those kinds of solitaires,
studs, sleeve links, and other articles of jewellery for which I made
application for Provisional Protection on the 21st September last, and
for which Provisional Protection has since been granted, but it is also
applicable to any other kind of solitaires and similar articles of jewellery
and dress which are not made all in one piece, that is to say, which when
unfastened or unsecured consist of two or more separate component parts,
which said parts have to be united by a spring or other fastening before
the solitaire or other similar article-is-complete..
It is found from experience that when a solitaire, or stud, or other
the sonarata

page_text: component parts frequently get lost or mislaid, so that the whole
solitaire cannot be made up when required, and thus much inconvenience
occurs, and it frequently also happens that when inserted in an article of
dress the front part of such solitaire becomes detached from its back
plate, and is lost, and vice versa. Now, to remedy these inconveniences
I attach the several component parts together by a metallic chain or
links of suitable length and size, and thus the separate parts are kept
together and cannot get lost, the one from the other. Of course the said
chain or link instead of being of metal may be of any other suitable
material and substancē.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING WOODEN ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1874.-A communication from abroad by Alexandre
Ireland, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING
WOODEN ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Alexandre Ireland, of Paris, in the
Republic of France, to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for making the wooden rollers employed in
spinning machines, or for other purposes to which such rollers may be
applicable, whereby greater accuracy of work is obtained with increased
rapidity of production than can be obtained by hand labour alone.
The said machine comprises generally a rotary planing tool and
suitable holders mounted on a sliding carriage for holding firmly in their
proper position the blocks or segments composing the roller, or the
covering or casing of a roller, as the case may be, whilst being shaped.

page_text: The Invention further comprises a box or holder for facilitating the
uniting together of the various blocks or segments after they have been
shaped in the shaping machine.
The rotary planing tool may be fitted into a lathe spindle and provided
with oblique or helicoidal cutters, and the block to be planed is fixed by
a screw clamp between two brackets on a slide, which is moved by hand
or otherwise in a path at right angles to the axis of the rotary plane.
When the blocks are of an angular or segmental form the faces of the
holding brackets should be inclined to the proper angle required, and in
some cases loose filling pieces of different thicknesses may be fitted
inside the said brackets for the purpose of enabling segments of different
sizes, but of the same angle, to be cut in the machine.
The blocks having been planed on their junction and inner faces are
placed in a polygonal boss or holder of as many sides as there are blocks
composing the roller, and are clamped up tight by means of pressing
screws passing through the sides of the box. The interior of the roller
is then bored out to receive the centre or spindle of the roller by means
of a drilling tool mounted in the spindle of any convenient arrangement
of drilling machine. The several segments are drilled radially to receive
screws or bolts, which hold them to the spindle or centre after the
junction faces have been coated with glue, and the bolt holes are then
plugged up with wooden plugs, the grain of which runs in the same
direction as the segments. These wooden plugs are cut across the grain
from blocks or pieces of wood by means of a rotatory crown or hollow
cutter, and a holder mounted in a lathe or drilling machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF SEPARATING THE WATER OR LIQUID FROM SLIP' AND SIMILAR MIXTURES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Septimus Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1874.
I, WILLIAM SEPTIMUS SCOTT, of Southwick, near Sunderland, in
the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF SEPARATING THE WATER OR
LIQUID FROM SLIP' AND SIMILAR MIXTURES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means of
separating the water or liquid from "slip” and similar mixtures.
In the manufacture of earthenware the materials are in some cases
"is thus obtained.
ground in water, and a semi-fluid mixture called "slip
Formerly the water was separated from this mixture to bring it to the
consistency proper for working by means of evaporation by heat, but
in some cases it has been separated by pressure. For this purpose the
slip has been pumped by means of a force pump into wooden cases or
trays lined with filtering cloths. In this process the wear and tear of
the force pump was very great in consequence of the gritty nature of the
material. Now according to my Invention I place the slip in a tank

page_text: communicating with the cases or trays containing the filtering cloths,
and I admit water under a heavy pressure to the top of the tank; it
expels the slip from the bottom of the tank into the cases or trays and
conveys the pressure to the slip without becoming mixed with it. Where
a head of water is obtainable a pump is not required, and where the
pressure is maintained by a pump the pump will not be exposed to rapid
wear, as it works with clear water only.
'
Cement making materials may be separated from water in a similar
manner, and the process is also applicable in other cases where it is
desired to separate liquid from a semi-fluid mixture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE HEAT OF FLUIDS PASSING THROUGH PIPES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gottheil at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1874. A communication from abroad by Gustav Oesten, of Berlin,
Prussia, Mechanical Engineer.
I, ROBERT GOTTHEIL, of the International Patent Office, 126, Linden
Str., Berlin, Prussia, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE HEAT
OF FLUIDS PASSING THROUGH PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for indicating the
heat of fluids passing through pipes. For this purpose a circular casing
is made to communicate tangentially at one point of its periphery with
the pipe through which the heated fluid flows. In this casing are a
number of hollow radial arms connected to a central boss, through which
arms pass spindles carrying at their outer ends flat vanes, while at their
inner ends they have bevil pinions in gear with a crown wheel loose on
the before-mentioned central boss. Upon a square head of this boss
above the crown wheel is fixed a disc carrying a spiral spring composed
of two different metals, so that when subjected to variations of temperature

page_text: If two such apparatus be placed, the one at the one end of a system
of hot water or steam pipes for heating purposes, and the other at the
other end of the system, the units of heat given off by the fluid in
passing from the one end to the other end of the system can be readily
ascertained by comparing the indications of the two sets of apparatus.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CABINET FOR HOLDING STATIONARY OF ALL KINDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Blanchard Physick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th September 1874.
I, GEORGE BLANCHARD PHYSICK, of the Firm of Jeremiah Smith and
Company, of No. 42, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CABINET FOR HOLDING STATIONARY OF ALL
KINDS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to combine all the requirements of the
writing table or of the desk in a compact and easily portable receptacle,
from which one or other of them may be taken with the greatest facility
without exposing the entire contents of the cabinet to injury from dust
or otherwise, and to make the case a complete store of all the stationery
required for family or business use.
I propose to make my cabinet in the form of a chest of drawers, but
with one very deep drawer, or a compartment closed by a door like that
of a wardrobe.

page_text: I propose to make some of the drawers larger than others; for example,
the top or the bottom drawer will extend across the entire face of the
cabinet, so that it may hold sheets of foolscap or of brief paper,
whilst the other drawers will be of length and depth suitable to contain
ordinary letter paper, note paper, envelopes, sealing wax, pens, and pen-
holders, and every other requisite of the writing table, the deep drawer
or compartment above mentioned being reserved for, say bottles of ink
and of gum, from which the ordinary inkstand and gum bottle may be
replenished at pleasure.
I may fasten the whole of the drawers by means of a vertical flap,
with lock, by an ornamental bar or bars extending vertically or diagonally
across the face of the cabinet by a lock to each drawer or otherwise.
I propose to make my improved cabinet of wood, but I may use
metal or any other material which I may find desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SEVERAL OLEATES OF POTASH, SODA, AND AMMONIA, COMMONLY KNOWN UNDER THE NAME OF SOLUBLE OIL, AND APPLICABLE IN THE PROCESS OF FINISHING PRINTED CALICOES AND SILK GOODS, AND OTHER COTTON AND SILK DYED GOODS AND VELVETS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Watterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1874.
I, CHARLES WATTERSON, Manager to James Marshall Beckett, of
Vickers' Street, Miles Platting, near the City of Manchester, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SEVERAL OLEATES OF POTASH,
SODA, AND AMMONIA, COMMONLY KNOWN UNDER THE NAME OF SOLUBLE OIL, AND
APPLICABLE IN THE PROCESS OF FINISHING PRINTED CALICOES AND SILK GOODS, AND
OTHER COTTON AND SILK DYED GOODS AND VELVETS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the treatment of olein or oleic acids distilled
or obtained by pressure from all or any sources, especially from cocoa
nut oil, palm oil, cotton seed oil, castor oil, and olive oil, and nut oils,
with caustic soda, potash, or ammonia in the following manner,
namely:-I place about a ton of castor oil, olein, or oleic acid into a
pan capable of holding three tons, to which I add about 8 cwt. of caustic
soda, containing 22 per cent. of alkali, and 200 gallons of water. I boil

page_text: the mixture slowly 12 hours, after which I add about a ton of cocoa nut
oil olein, then 5 cwt. or thereabouts of caustic soda, and boil the mixture
thus obtained for 10 hours. I then add 3 gallons of strong ammonia or
caustic potash at 60 (Twaddle's hydrometer). I then make the total
bulk with water up to 3 tons, adding potash or soda or ammonia for the
purpose of suiting the mixture to the purpose for which it is required.
This composition gives a brighter color and softer feel to the cloth than
is obtainable from the ordinary oils, tallows, and soaps now in use,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF BUILDINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James, Wilkic Dunlop, of No. 22, Leadenhall
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 8th May 1874, and dated the 5th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Wilkie Dunlop
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th March 1874:
: I, JAMES WILKIE DUNLOP, of No. 22, Leadenhall Street, in the City
5 of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION Of Fire and Burglar PROOF BUILDINGS," to be
as follows:-

page_text: I build up a framework of wood, iron, or other suitable material, the
framework consisting of uprights and joists, and I cover in the whole,
outside and inside, with sheet iron or other suitable material, and I make
the whole water-tight, only leaving the top of the outside walls, pillars,
and partition walls open to the atmosphere, and I fill the whole space
between the skins of outside walls, partition walls, inside of pillars, and
the space between floors and ceilings with water or other fluid.
According to the size of the building I connect to the lower part of it
a greater or lesser number of pipes connected to the street main with
suitable cocks or valves; and in case of fire I open these cocks or valves
and allow the water to circulate between the two skins of the walls,
pillars, and spaces between the floors and ceilings. I allow the water to
overflow by suitable pipes from the top. The whole of the roof of the
building I use as a water tank.
If it be required to divide cach or any floor into different rooms, I do
this by means of water partitions similar in construction to the outer
walls, and I make the several doors and window shutters double, with
water circulating through them, entering through the bottom hinge and
flowing out through the top one, and if required I make the doors and
window shutters tight by means of asbestos packing.
In each room I fit one or more valves capable of being opened from
the outside of the building, so that in case of fire I can flood any single
room, and I provide suitable pipes for the escape of steam formed in the
room.
In cases of intense frost I use a boiler and allow sufficient hot water
to flow in.
I fit a number of man-holes opening from the outside, so that every
part between the two skins is accessible for cleansing or repairs.
In case of high buildings, in order to lessen the pressure at the bottom,
I separate every one or more floors by a horizontal water-tight bulk-
head, allowing the floors thus separated to be open at top to the
atmosphere, and I arrange the water supply pipes accordingly.