CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Clayton, Engineer, James Raper, and John
Goulding, Machinists, and William Howarth, Dentist, all of Bradford,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 17th July 1866, and dated the 31st January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Clayton, James
Raper, John Goulding, and William Howarth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st January
1866.
We, ROBERT CLAYTON, Engineer, JAMES RAPER, and JOHN GOULDING,
Machinists, and WILLIAM HOWARTH, Dentist, all of Bradford, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to the looms for weaving figures or designs
on fabrics known as "swivel looms," and it consists in applying to such
looms two or more rows of swivel shuttles, placed side by side, parallel to
the reed, each row of swivel shuttles containing weft of a different color.
or quality. The shuttles are moved to and fro to produce the pattern or
design by means of a rack taking into pinions gearing into teeth on the
shuttles in the usual manner, or by any other equivalent means.

page_text: as one portion of the pattern or design has been produced by one row of
swivel shuttles, another row of shuttles is brought into operation; or the
shuttles may be worked simultaneously, or in any required succession, so
as to weave several colors at the same time. Or the swivel shuttles,
instead of being placed horizontally, as described, may be placed vertically
and moved up and down to bring each shuttle in line with the shuttle-race,
as in drop box looms of the usual construction; or the swivel shuttles may
be contained in the compartments of segments which are caused to oscillate
on studs fixed to the hand-top or other convenient part of the lay or batten
to bring each row of shuttles in operation as required.
Another part of our Invention is applicable to the jacquard by which
the shed is formed for the passage of the shuttle or shuttles. In order to
produce an even shed, the grife or instrument by which the selected hooks
are raised is connected to one or more radius levers, which cause the grife
to assume a diagonal position as it is raised by the usual side bars.
The last part of our Invention consists in raising the warps requisite to
form the portion of the shed for the passage of the swivel shuttles by means
of projections on the grife, by this means all the wires of the jacquard may
be of the same length; these projections may be on a supplementary grife
or on the usual grife by which the shed of the ground of the fabric is
formed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Clayton, James Raper, John Goulding, and
William Howarth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st July
1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RоBEert
CLAYTON, Engineer, JAMES RAPER, and JOHN GOULDING, Machinists, and
WILLIAM HOWARTH, Dentist, all of Bradford, in the County of York,-send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our
Lord 'One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Robert Clayton, James Raper, John Goulding,
and William Howarth, Her special license that we, the said Robert Clayton,
James Raper, Jolin Goulding, and William Howarth, our executors, ad-

page_text: ministrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Clayton,
James Raper, John Goulding, and William Howarth, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and 'vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS, FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Robert Clayton, James Raper, John Goulding, and. William Howartlı,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Clayton, James Raper, John
Goulding, and William Howarth, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):-—
Our Invention is applicable to the looms for weaving figures or designs
on plain or figured fabrics known as "swivel looms," and it consists,. first,
in certain improved modes of constructing, arranging, and working the
swivel shuttles of such looms, and, secondly, in certain improvements in
the mode of constructing and working the jacquard engines of swivel and
other looms.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, we will proceed to describe the two accompanying
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters, marked
thereon.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is an end view of a swivel loom with a jacquard
engine to which our improvements are applied, and Figure 2. is a. front view
of the same; in these views a is the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; e; the
lay bottom; d, the jacquard gantree; e, the jacquard cylinder; f, the jacquard
needles, and g, g, the jacquard hooks; these parts and the others necessary
to complete the loom which are not particularly referred to hereafter are
made in the usual manner. To the tappet shaft & is fixed the lever b', in
which is a stud for the bowl 63, which in revolving comes in contact with

page_text: the catches h, h; these catches are hinged to the vertical bar h', which is
made with a slot fitting on the tappet shaft; the catches h, are united by
the wires connected to the jacquard by the cord h³. When the cord is
raised the catches are held horizontal; as shewn in Figure 2, and the bowl
6 acting alternately on each catch causes the bar h¹ to rise and fall, but
when the cord h³ is slack the catches h drop into the positions shewn by
dotted lines, and the bowl be is then at liberty to revolve without coming in
contact with the catches. To the upper end of the bar his fixed the
gearing into the segment mounted on the stud i; the small seg-
rack
ment is cast with the larger segment gearing into the pinion or
segment, connected by a key and groove to the shaft i, consequently as
the bar his moved up and down a partial rotary motion is given to the
shaft, and to this shaft is also fixed the mitre pinion gearing into a
similar pinion k¹ mounted on the stud k fixed to the frame 1, which is sup-
ported on V projections from the plate secured by pillars to the cross
rail of the framing. To the boss of the pinion is fixed the oscillating
lever for giving the requisite to-and-fro motions to the swivel shuttles
contained in the swing frame m, which is suspended to the cross shaft ;
this shaft works on the tail pins of the screws . The lower end of the
lever is slotted and fits on a stud projecting from a bush, which is
loose on the shaft, but connected to it by a set washer and plate. The
swivel shuttles n are placed in two parallel rows, as shewn in Figures 1
and 3, but they may be placed in a single row or in three or more rows if
required; each shuttle may contain weft of different colors and quality,
and each shuttle is provided near its ends with a recess for the catches n',
see Figure 5; these catches project from the shuttle carriers n³, which are
jointed together and to the traverse bar no; at n' and each end of the
carriers n is provided with a bowl n³ taking into a groove in the swing
frame m.
All the carriers n' are jointed to the traverse bar n³, which is
moved to and fro by the plate on the shaft ; the plate is cut out as
shewn in Figure 3 so as to act alternately on each traverse bar n³. As the
. shuttle carriers are moved to and fro by the action of the lever k³ the
catches n¹ are alternately lifted out of and drop into the recesses of the
shuttles as they move across the spaces m¹ in which the portions of warp
to form the design are raised by the jacquard in the usual manner. The
sliding frame is moved laterally on the plate when required to weave
intermediate designs between the spaces m¹ or to weave a continuous
diagonal or curved pattern by means of the screw o, taking into a nut in

page_text: the frame ; on the end of this screw are jointed the two catch levers o¹,
each of which has a catch taking into one of the ratchet wheels o and o³,
the teeth of which point in contrary directions; the levers o¹ are connected
by the cords o' to the jacquard, consequently by tightening these cords
alternately, each catch is brought into action with its corresponding ratchet
wheel, and the screw o is turned round in the required direction for moving
the sliding frame either to the right hand or to the left. The swing
frame mis turned partly round, as shewn in Figure 3, so as to raise the
shuttles above the hand top of the reed when the swivel shuttles are not
at work by means of the link m³, the lower end of which is jointed to the
swing frame, and the upper end of which is jointed to the double lever m³;
one arm of which is connected by the link m to the radius lever m³, to
which the grife q is connected; or the swing frame m may be raised and
lowered by a tappet on the crank shaft or in any other convenient manner.
In order to allow the grife head to assume a diagonal position, whereby an
even shed is formed, the grife head is connected to the usual guide bar by
the swivel stud q', and the grife head is moved up and down by the usual
side bar. In Figures 1 and 2 r is the usual pump motion shaft for working
by the levers r¹ and links. the swing frame of the jacquard cylinders. In
the
present arrangement we employ two jacquard cylinders marked e and
e"; the lower cylinder acting on the needles produces the sheds for the
ground of the fabric, and the upper cylinder e¹ acting on the needles f¹
opens the sheds for the design of the swivel shuttles. The shaft r is turned
partly round in contrary directions by the eccentric a' on the crank shaft a,
and the rod a³ and lever as shewn in Figure 1 ; and in order to give the
requisite dwell to the jacquard cylinders for allowing the hooks g to catch
on the lower projections of the grife q we crank the links * to enable the
levers to pass beyond the centre of the shaft r. The yarn on leaving
the bobbin or spool in the swivel shuttle is taken through the eye n¹, as
shewn in Figure 5, and then through the eye n³ placed in the centre of
the length of the shuttle, consequently about an equal length of thread is
drawn off the bobbin at each side of the design, and an even tension is
obtained when the shuttles are raised as shewn in Figure 3. When the
swivel shuttles are raised and again lowered at every spoke of the batten
as above described the weft threads of the swivel shuttles are kept at an
uniform tension without the aid of any apparatus for taking up the slack of
the weft, whereas in swivel shuttle looms of the present construction such
apparatus is indispensible.
:

page_text: Figures 6 and 7 are two views of a modification of our improved mode
of constructing and arranging swivel shuttles. In Figure 6 it will be seen
that we have placed three rows of swivel shuttles p in the frame m which
may be made to swing on a fulcrum, as shewn in Figure 3, or it may be
fixed to the hand top of the reed; in this arrangement each row of swivel.
shuttles is worked by a traversing rack p', the teeth of which gear into the
pinions p gearing into teeth on the shuttles p in a similar manner to that
now employed in swivel shuttle looms of the ordinary construction; or the
swivel shuttles, instead of being placed horizontally as described, may be
placed vertically and moved up and down to bring each shuttle in line
with the shuttle race as in drop box looms of the usual construction.
f
Figure 8 represents another modification of our Invention'; this arrange-
ment is an improvement upon the Invention for which Letters Patent were
granted to the within-named Robert Clayton, James Raper, and John
Goulding, on the Twenty-ninth day of July One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five, Number 1961, and it consists in a series of swivel frames m
which are mounted upon studs s fixed to the hand top or other convenient
part of the lay or batten; on each of the studs s is a bush on which are
fixed the pinion s¹ and wheels; the former are driven by a traversing rack
similar to p¹ in Figures 6 and 7, and the latter gear into the carrier pinions
³, which also gear into the segmental racks on the shuttle t, as described in
the Specification of the Letters Patent above referred to. As the rack pl
traverses to and fro the shuttle is moved from one compartment of the
swivel frame m to the other; or by fixing the studs s in a moveable bar
the swivel frames m may be suspended to a shaft P, as shewn in Figure 3.
This arrangement may be modified by dispensing with the wheels and
pinions and sand employing the catches n' and 'shuttle carriers n² as
shewn in Figure 5.
:
.'
By means of these improvements, as soon as one portion of the pattern
or design has been produced by one row of swivel shuttles another row is
brought into operation, or the shuttles may be worked simultaneously or
in any required succession, so as to weave several colors or qualities of weft
at the same time. It is also evident that our improvements are applicable
to looms for weaving ribbons as well as piece goods.
Figure 9 represents a detached view of our improvements in the jacquard
engine; the grife 7 is provided with eight or other convenient number of
knives q having barbed projections at their lower edges; the hooks g are
slightly bent at the top and they are all of the same length, although some
of them are selected by the needles fto form the plain or figured ground

page_text: of the fabric; these hooks when selected are raised by the barbed projec-
tions on the knives as shewn by the centre hook, while the others are
selected by the needles f¹ and are raised by the top of the knives, as shewn
at the left-hand hook, while the remainder of the hooks or those not
selected by the pattern card remain in the position shewn at the right-hand
side of the Drawing; u, u' are the usual needle boards and v, v¹, the usual
spring boxes.
Figures 10 and 11 represent two views of a modification of this part of
our Invention; in this arrangement only one set of jacquard needles f is
required, and the hooks g pass in the spaces between the grids w and x;
these grids are guided by the needle board u and spring box v. The ends
of the cylinder e are perforated in the places required above and below the
perforations for the jacquard cards, and when the cylinder comes up to the
ends of the needles, if there is a full space opposite the ends of the grid w,
it is moved laterally, and pushes the sets of hooks numbered 1, 3, 5, and 7,
beyond the reach of the knives, consequently the grife in rising lifts the
selected hooks of the rows marked 2, 4, 6, and 8, and some of these hooks
are lifted by the tops of the knives to form the shed for the figures, and
some are lifted by the barbed projections of the knives to form the ground
of the fabric. At the next advance of the jacquard cylinder the grid w
remains stationary, and the grid x is moved forward and moves the rows of
hooks 2, 4, 6, and 8, consequently the selected hooks for the next shed
remain in position for being elevated by the knives of the grife.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, we declare that we claim,-
First, the improved modes of constructing swivel shuttles as shewn and
described.
Secondly, arranging swivel shuttles in two or more rows in the manner
and for the purposes described.
Thirdly, the improved modes shewn and described of communicating
motion to swivel shuttles.
Fourthly, supporting swivel shuttles in swing frames and raising and
lowering them out of and into the shed as described and shewn best in
Figure 3.
Fifthly, the improved mode of working the grife and supporting
it on swivel studs to form an even shed as described and shewn in
Figures 1 and 9.
And, sixthly, the improved mode of constructing the grife so as to

page_text: raise some of the warp threads higher than the others with hooks of
the same height, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 9,
10, and 1.1.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Clayton, James Raper, John
Goulding, and William Howarth, have hereto set our hands and seals,
this Twenty-seventh day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
Rixty-six
ROBERT CLAYTON. (L.s.)
JAMES RAPER.
(L.S.)
JOHN GOULDING.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM HOWARTH. (L.S.)