Improvements in Single and Double Action Pumps, also the Application of Filtering Material thereto."
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 10th May, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Single and Double Action Pumps, also the
Application of Filtering Material thereto."
I, LUDWIG GRILL, of No. 22 Gyáruteza, in the City of Budapest, in the Kingdom
of Hungary and Austro-Hungarian Empire, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of
my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in single and double action pumps. The
customary form of the piston in pumps in general causes a very considerable amount
of friction which requires the large amount of the power employed to be used for
overcoming the same. Pumps constructed according to my invention are so made
that suction, pressure and back pressure valves, (in double acting pumps), are rendered
unnecessary without the operation of the pumps being in any way decreased.
In double acting pumps the peculiarly formed pistons are arranged in a common
barrel or tube axially above each other or side by side, whereby most important
advantages are attained in comparison with the former systems in double acting pumps,
not only as to their capacity but also with reference to the costs of manufacture.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a single acting pump,
Figure 2 a like section of a double acting pump, and
Figure 3 represents one of the pistons in elevation and the barrel in section.
The piston consists of a perforated preferably funnel shaped body t, the upper
edge of which is of somewhat smaller diameter than the interior diameter of the
barrel P, said funnel shaped body or piston t being fixed in appropriate manner to the
piston rod k.
Within this funnel-like piston t I arrange an india rubber lining e of appropriate
size, which is preferably attached only at its lowest part to the piston and simply lies
on the remainder of the surface of the same. The upper edge of this lining pro-
trudes so far beyond the funnel-like piston t that it comes into snug contact with the
interior surface of the barrel p, so that it cannot be distorted when the piston makes
its up and down stroke. In some cases it may be found advisable to cover the edge
of the funnel-shaped piston t with the packing material which is fixed to the piston
edge but is only in loose connection with the conical packing. It is furthermore
unnecessary that the longitudinal edges of the india rubber lining be molten or sewn
together, but on the contrary it is an advantage when the same are laid loosely on
each other with the one edge lapping somewhat over the other.
I have made special mention of india rubber but I wish it to be understood that I
do not confine myself to the use of india rubber alone as other appropriate material,
such as leather, cardboard and the like can be employed to great advantage. It is
not necessary that the cross section of the barrel be circular but as will be seen from
the foregoing and the operation of the pump to be described later on, other forms of
cross section can be used.
The function of the single acting pump is the same as the ordinary single action
piston pumps, the differences being on the one hand the enormously decreased
frictional resistance of the funnel shaped piston, and on the other hand the decreased
resistance offered by the conical form of the said piston in its immersion in the water
standing above the back pressure valve r, Figure 1, which can more readily pass above
the piston than in any other system for the reason that the lining e is kept as thin as
possible, is soft and supple, and the edge of the same being pressed with uniform
pressure onto the interior surface of the barrel by the column of liquid above the
same.
The double acting pump is also represented in Figure 2 with one barrel, the
ordinary suction and pressure valves being superfluous while the two pistons t, t¹ are

page_text: alternately moved towards and from each other, the lower piston, the rod k of which
is guided through the upper piston in appropriate manner and is well packed, serving
at the same time as back pressure valve.
In the straight guide as represented the upper funnel shaped piston t carries a cross
bar s, by means of which the same is connected to the two piston rods k', k³, which,
as is the case with the piston rod k, preferably have their bearings in a double
crank d or in appropriate eccentrics whereby the opposing motion of the funnels t
and t¹ is attained.
Back pressure valves can also be employed in double acting pumps and by inserting
intermediate layers of felt, flannel and the like, a filtering of the water is simul-
taneously attained, so that one pumps direct purified water. It must be mentioned
that the afore-described pumps, in consequence of their simple construction and the
funnel shaped piston, are admirably adapted for pumping all kinds of thick or thin
fluid and even viscous substances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1:-The construction and application of preferably funnel-shaped perforated pistons
with lining e fixed in appropriate position but being otherwise able to move freely
for covering the openings in the piston, said lining acting as valve and being firmly
pressed against the interior surface of the pump barrel, thus producing a perfect
packing when the piston makes its up stroke, substantially as set forth and shown.
2: The employment of pistons as described in claim 1 in pairs in such manner
that during the operation of pumping the pistons are moved towards and from each
other, substantially as described and shown.
3: The application of filtering material such as felt, flannel and the like in the
pumps characterised in claims 1 and 2, so that the pump delivers filtered water direct,
substantially in the manner set forth and shown.
4 The combination of my improved pistons as claimed in claim 1 with back
pressure valves, substantially as specified in the foregoing specification, and shown on
the accompanying drawings.
DL: 012
T
:1 1900
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.