Improvements in Dovetailed Joints, and in the Method of and Machinery for Making the same.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Dec., 1896-Accepted, 27th Feb.. 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dovetailed Joints, and in the Method of and
Machinery for Making the same.
I DAVID EDGAR HUNTER of 167 Harvard Street, Cambridge, in the State of
Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, Superintendent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object to provide a novel dovetailing machine, that is,
a machine for forming dovetail joints.
My invention comprehends as well, a novel joint formed by my improved machine.
My invention comprehends, then, a dovetailing machine, provided with a suitable
cutter, wherein a work-holder is mounted to vibrate in an arc of a circle about a
fulcrum, to present the work to and withdraw the work from the cutter.
The work may be moved along the work-holder in order to form the several
tenons or mortises, or, preferably, the vibrating fulcrumed work-holder is also
constructed to have a radial movement, preferably step by step, to enable said
cutter to be presented at different points along the work.
I propose also providing two fulcra arranged at opposite sides the cutter, and
about either of which the work-holder may be vibrated, the cutter, when the work
is vibrated about one fulcrum forming one side a mortise or tenon, and forming
the other side thereof when the work is vibrated about the other fulcrum.
I contemplate cutting dovetail tenons in a number of sticks of wood at once, and
in order that the several sticks may be uniformly positioned upon the work-holder,
my invention comprehends suitable adjusting end stops on and movable with the
work-holder, by which the work is properly positioned on the holder for the
simultaneous cutting in the several sticks of the tenons therein.
These end stops will preferably be made in the form of springs.
I also employ a profile to guide and determine the movements of the work-holder,
so that the cutter is caused to cut in the work a tenon, conforming substantially to
the contour of the profile.
2
For cutting the mortises, I employ plurality of rotating cutters or saws,
arranged in different inclined positions, suitable means being provided to vary the
vertical position of the cutters to determine the depth of cut and for adjusting the.
cutters axially on their shaft to vary the width of the mortise.
To carry the work for cutting the mortises, employ two work-holders, one
having a forward and back movement to present the work to and withdraw it from.
the cutters, the other carried by the first named work-holder, but having a move-
ment thereon at right angles to the movement of said first-named work-holder for
presenting the cutters at different points along the work.
My machine is particularly adapted for the formation of blind tenon joints, and
to form such joints I employ a frustro-conical rotating cutter, and feed the stick
onto the cutter to carry the latter into the stick a distance equal to the desired.
length of the tenon and in excess of such distance equal to substantially one half
the diameter of the cutter, to thereby form by said cutter a substantially straight
face for the tenon.
I then withdraw the said cutter for substantially one half its diameter, move the.
cutier laterally to form a straight face parallel with, but inside the end of the

page_text: stick, and again move said cutter inwardly to substantially the distance it was first
moved inwardly to thereby form a second substantially straight tenon face.
This method of forming blind tenons leaves between the same and adjacent the
opposite faces thereof semi-circular pockets, which are useful for receiving surplus
glue and the like when the joint is put together, thereby preventing the glue
squeezing out at the face of the joint, these pockets being concealed by the other
member of the joint when the latter is completed.
My invention, therefore, comprehends, a blind tenon joint in which the tenon
member has its blind tenons separated by pockets, having a straight inner face or
shoulder flanked hy semi-circular recesses adjacent the sides of the tenons, and n
mortise member cut to fit the blind tenons with the portions between the mortises
entering the pockets referred to, and concealing said semi-circular glue-receiving
pockets.
Dated the 2nd day of March 1896
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 and 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Dovetailed Joints, and in the Method of and
Machinery for Making the same.
I, DAVID EDGAR HUNTER, of 167 Harvard Street, Cambridge, in the State of
Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, Superintendent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention has for its object to provide a novel dovetailing machine, that is,
a machine for forming dovetail joints.
My invention comprehends as well, a novel joint formed by my improved
machine.
My invention comprehends, then, a dovetailing machine, as hereinafter described,
provided with a suitable cutter, wherein a work-holder is mounted to vibrate in
an are of a circle about a fulcrum, to present the work to and withdraw the work
from the cutter.
The work may be moved along the work-holder in order to form the several
tenons or mortises, or, preferably, the vibrating fulerumed work-holder is also
constructed to have a radial movement, preferably step by step, to enable said
cutter to be presented at different points along the work.
1 propose also providing two fulcra arranged at opposite sides the cutter, and
about cither of which the work-holder may be vibrated, the cutter, when the work
is vibrated about one fulcrum forming one side a mortise or tenon, and forming the
other side thereof when the work is vibrated about the other fulcrum.
I contemplate cutting dovetail tenons in a number of sticks of wood at once,
and in order that the several sticks may be uniformly positioned upon the work-
holder, my invention comprehends suitable adjusting end stops on and movable
with the work-holder, by which the work is properly positioned on the holder for
the simultaneous cutting in the several sticks of the tenous therein.
These end stops will preferably be made in the form of springs.
I also employ a profile to guide and determine the movements of the work-holder,
so that the entter is caused to cut in the work a tenon, conforming substantially to
the contour of the profile.
For cutting the mortises, I employ a plurality of rotating cutters or saws,

page_text: arranged in different inclined positions, enitable means being provided to vary the
vertical position of the cutters to determine the depth of cut and for adjusting the
cutters axially on their shaft to vary the width of the mortise.
To carry the work for cutting the mortises, I employ two work-holders, one
having a forward and back movement to present the work to and withdraw it from
the cutters, the other carried by the first-named work-holder, but having a move-
ment thereon at right angles to the movement of said first-named work-holder for
presenting the cutters at different points along the work.
My machine is particularly adapted for the formation of blind tenon joints, and
to form such joints I employ a frustro-conical rotating cutter, and feed the stick
onto the cutter to carry the latter into the stick a distance equal to the desired
length of the tenon and in excess of such distance equal to substantially one-half
the diameter of the cutter, to thereby form by said cutter a substantially straight
face for the tenon.
I then withdraw the said cutter for substantially one half its diameter, move the
cutter laterally to form a straight face parallel with, but inside the end of the
stick, and again move said cutter inwardly to substantially the distance it was first
moved inwardly to thereby form a second substantially straight tenon face.
This method of forming blind tenons leaves between the same and adjacent the
opposite faces thereof semi-circular pockets, which are useful for receiving surplus
glue and the like when the joint is put together, thereby preventing the gluc
squeezing out at the face of the joint, these pockets being concealed by the other
member of the joint when the latter is completed.
1
My invention, therefore, comprehends, a blind tenon joint in which the tenon
member has its blind tenons separated by pockets, having a straight inner face or
shoulder flanked by semi-circular recesses adjacent the sides of the tenons, and a
mortise member cut to fit the blind tenons with the portions between the mortises
entering the pockets referred to, and concealing said semi-circular glue-receiving
pockets.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is a top or plan view of a machine embodying my invention.
Fig. 2, a front elevation, that is, an elevation of the machine looking from the
right Fig. 1, with the mortising carriage removed, and the tenoning carriage in
position.
Fig. 3 a side elevation of the machine, as in Fig. 2, that is, a view looking from
the left of said fig.
Fig. 4, on an enlarged scale, shows a portion of the table with the parts for
forming a tenon in position thereupon, the said table being also broken away to
expose the mortising cutters.
Fig. 5, a sectional detail on the dotted line -, Fig. 4 looking to the left.
Fig. 6, a plan view of a portion of the table showing the parts for cutting the
mortises, in position;
Fig. 6 a section on dotted line y-y Fig. 6 looking towards the front.
Fig. 7, a cross section on the dotted line -', Fig. 6.
Fig. 74, a perspective view of the work holder E.
Fig. 8, in plan view shows a portion of the table with parts thereon for making
what is known as a blind tenon.
Fig. 9, a cross section thereof on the dotted line a³-²;
Fig. 10, a cross section thereof on the dotted line ³-3.
Fig. 11, a view showing the end of a drawer member, with the dovetail mortises
formed therein by the mechanism Fig. 6.
Fig. 12, an end view of two pieces of wood, illustrating the method of forming
the dovetail tenons by the mechanisms Figs. 2 to 4 inclusive.
Fig. 13, a top or plan view of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14, perspective end view of a stick in which is formed a blind tenon;
Fig. 15, a perspective end view of a mating member having corresponding blind
mortises.

page_text: Fig. 16, a diagram showing the path of the cutter through the end of a stick,
Fig. 17, a similar view showing the completion of a tenon.
Figs. 18 and 19, views of two of the cutters employed.
Fig. 20 a detail to be referred to.
In the particular embodiment of my invention shown in the drawings to illustrate
this invention A, A, are two side frame members shown as joined by a cross frame
member A', the whole being of suitable shape and construction to sustain the various
working parts, together with the table T.
The cross member A' of the frame is provided with a suitable vertical guideway
formed by and between the fixed and adjustable plates a, a, for the vertically
adjustable frame plate 13, shown as carrying a threaded adjustable screw &', which
ncts against a lug a' on the cross member A', and furnishes means by which the
suid frame plate may be adjusted vertically, as desired.
h
The frame plate 6 at its upper edge has secured to it by bolts 5, a horizontal bed
plate 2, in which are formed suitable guideways for the horizontally adjustable
culter or enw heads, and, Fig. 4, which are each provided with clamping
bolts c, only one of which is shown in Fig. 2 extended downwardly through slots
in the said bed plate for the purpose of clamping the said heads in adjusted
position, suitable adjusting screws being provided for and to cause horizontal
movement of the said heads for adjustment.
In the present instance the head is supposed to be fixed the other two being
adjustable, although all may be adjustable if found desirable.
These several heads referred to each contain suitable bearings for the inclined
shafts e, cand e provided at their outer ends with suitable driving pulleyse, and
at their inner or adjacent ends with suitable rotary cutters, and e, shown as
saws, to operate as will be described.
Referring again to Figs. 1 to 4 and 20, one of the side frames A, herein that at
the left. Fig. 2, is provided, see Fig. 3, with suitable guideways, a, for the vertically
adjustable frome d, shown as provided at its lower end with a boss d', with which
co-operates the end of the adjusting screw threaded in the lug on the frame A
and furnishing means for vertical adjustment of said frame d.
The boss d, together with a box d', at the upper end of the adjustable frame d,
constitute bearings for the vertical or side spindle fitted with a suitable pulley do,
and at its upper end, see Figs. 1 and 4, carries a suitable side cutter, shown
separately in Fig. 15, or it may receive a cutter like that shown in Fig. 19, the
latter cutter being tapering, that is, larger at its top than bottom.
Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5, I have in the present instance provided the table
with four pius 6, 7, 8 and 9, two of which, numbered 6 and 8, serve as fulcra or
pivots, the other two as back stops, to be described.
Upon the table T is arranged the work holder E, shown separately in Fig. 7 as
a long bar, preferably of wood, reduced in thickness at its ends, thereby leaving
a raised middle portion e, said holder also having a laterally extended flat
support e.
To the inner edge of the holder E are secured near its ends the two racks, e³,
having preferably ratchet-shaped teeth, the teeth in the two racks facing outwardly,
that is, in opposite directions.
These racks are made readily removable, for the substitution of others of different
spacing, by means of the clamping screws e.
The holder E has a portion removed at its underside, as indicated at e, Figs. 5
and 7, to clear the cutter, protruding upwardly from the table, and the said
holder at the ends of its raised middle portion E is perforated horizontally for the
reception of the clamping bolts or devices, /, see Fig. 74, shown as threaded in
suitable sleeves or boxes, Fig. 4, provided top and bottom with trunuions, by
means of which they are pivoted to swing about vertical axes in plates, suitably
attached to the inner face of the holder.
At their inner ends these threaded rods are fitted with suitable thumb nuts or
heads, by which said rods may be rotated and thereby caused to have a

page_text: threaded longitudinal movement in the pivotal boxes', for a purpose to be
described.
At their ends adjacent the outer edge of the table the said rods have swivelled
to them, in suitable manner, the yokes f, in which are jointed at the
levers, which latter at one of their ends are jointed at / to the clamping bar f
shown as T-shape in cross section, see Figs. 5 and 7, said levers at their opposite
ends, that is, at the opposite sides of the pivots, being connected by a suitable
connecting rod 10.
One of the levers
is extended to constitute a handle ".
To the head of this T shaped clamping bar is secured the preferably wood
face piece, between which and the inner vertical edge of the raised middle
portione of the holder are clamped the piece or pieces on which the dovetail tenons
are to be cut.
As herein shown, the middle portion e of the holder is provided at its outer edge,
see Figs. 5 and 74, with a horizontal guiding groove, which receives suitable
guiding ears on the two sliding yoke-like clamps 1, which curve up and over
the upper edge of the said raised portion e and are there provided with suitable
thumb screws, about which the said yoke-like clamps may be secured in desired
longitudinally adjusted position on the holder.
To the inner adjacent faces of these clamps or yokes are secured, in the
present instance forked or bifurcated spring plates f, see detail Fig. 7^, and acting
upon the two members of these bifurcatel spring plates are suitable screws f
Fig. 4, tapped into the yoke-like clamps from the outer sides, rotation of the screws
acting to vary the positions of the members of the said bifurcated plates.
In practice the stuck or board upon which the dovetail tenons are to be formed,
is clamped between the clamping bar and the raised portiou e of the holder, and
between the clamps f
In practice the holder E, see Fig. 4, with the pieces to be operated upon clamped
in position, as described, is placed upon the table with one of the teeth of the rack e
in engagement with the pin 6 on the table, said pin constituting a fulcrum about
which the said holder may be swung, the normal position of the holder being in its
lowermost position Fig. 4, in contact with the stop 7, as shown.
The rotating cutter now occupies a position beneath the raised portion e of the
holder, as shown in Fig. 5.
If now the holder be swung bodily inward, Fig. 4, about the pin 6 as a fulcrum,
the sticks Fig. 4, clamped as described, will be pushed directly over the cutter, the
latter cutting its way through the lower end of the stick adjacent the table, as in
the diagram, Fig. 16, leaving a curved path or cut s', of a width equal to the
diameter of the cutter and on a circle having its centre coincident with the axis of
the pin 6 about which the holder is swung.
One face of this cut, vi. :-that marked 10, is to constitute une face of a
dovetail tenon, the other face is to be removed subsequently, as will be described.
With the stick clamped as before, the holder is drawn back against the stop 7
and its fulerum end withdrawn from the fulcrum pin 6 and the holder moved in
one or the other direction, for instance to the right, until the pin 6 engages the
next tooth of the series, when the holder is again pushed forward upon a cutter,
the latter making a second cut through the end of the stick and forming another
face 10 for the next succeeding dovetail tenon, this operation being repeated, the
holder being moved longitudinally one tooth after each cut until the desired
number of cuts have been made in the end of the stick, these cuts being regularly
spaced according to the space of the teeth of the rack e.
In this manner the faces 10 of the entire series of dovetail tenous are formed,
and to form the other and oppositely inclined faces of said tenous the operator
moves the entire bolder to the right and reverses the position of the same, so that
the teeth of the rack e engage the pin 8, which now constitutes the fulcruin about
which the holder is swung, the pin 9 at the opposite end of the table acting as a
back stop.

page_text: The holder is now swing about the pin 8, in a manner similar to that described
aud the cutter again forced through the stick, this time making a cut of an opposite
curvature from before and forming the other face 11 of a dovetail tenon the holder
being moved to the left one tooth and the operation repented, this operation being
followed out until all of the tenons have been correctly formed.
The faces of the dovetail tenons formed in this manner are slightly concaved
which insures tight fitting of the tenons in the inrtises at the corners, where tight
fitting is more desired and leaves a desirable amount of slackness between the
tenon and walls of the mortises between the corners, for the reception of and to
insure a proper distribution of the glue.
In forming the tenons described there is danger of the rotating cutter chipping
the stock as it enters or leaves the same.
To obviate this I have provided a curved chip breaker e, which, acted upon
by a spring e, partially encircles the rotating cutter D, and acts upon the stock
close to the edge where the cutting knives enter or leave the inner side of the
: stick.
To obviate chipping at the back side of the stick where the cutter penetrates
the latter, arrange back of the stick being ent a second similar stick, as shown in
Fig. 12, and in dotted line Fig. 4, offset from the former by a distance equivalent
to the taper or incline of the face of the tenon and determined by adjustment of the
bifurcated plate adjusted by its set screws.
When the cutter penetrates the first stick it enters but does not penetrate the
second stick, the latter, however, by pressing tightly against the former preventing
chipping where the cutter leaves the said former stick.
By offsetting the stick, as shown, the cut partially made in the second stick is
properly positioned for the beginning of the cut subsequently to be made completely
through it for the formation of the tenons therein.
That is, the cuts partially made in the second stick are spaced correspondingly
to the cuts of the first stick so that they may be subsequently carried completely
through the stick and into a third to prevent chipping, as described.
In this manner effectually prevent chipping and also in one operation partially
cut two of the sticks.
To cut the blind tenons, Figs. 14 and 15, I employ mechanism Figs. 8 to 10
inclusive, in which is employed a holder somewhat similar in construction aud
shape to the holder E, Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive, except that in the present
construction Figs. 8 to 10, the holder is provided with a vertical instead of a
horizontal clamp.
Referring to Figs. 8 and 10, the high middle part of the holder E is slotted
horizontally, as ath, Fig. 10, to receive the clamping plate fast on the underside
of the T shaped clamping bar 72, which works vertically in a vertical slot 4 in the
part of the holder.
This clamping bar is mounted in substantially the same manner as the
clamping bar Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, except that it works vertically instead of
horizontally to cause the face plate to clamp between it and the horizontal
portion of the holder beneath, the board or stick placed flatwise and horizontally
between them.
The back or end stop 4° is arranged along one edge of the face-plate A, it being
made adjustable on and relatively to the holder by means of suitable thumb
screws, working in slots therein.
Lustead of providing the holder with racks, as in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, in the
present instance I provide the said holder at one end with interchangeable plates A,
provided with regular spaced pins A, the pins on the plates being differently spaced
for different separation of tenons.
Upon the table and held in place by suitable clamping bolts 12, 13, is a block A
carrying a profilo plate 40, shown as having a central projection 4 with horizontal
faces at either side, there being slight cavities or depressions 43, 44, in the
corners where the faces h meet the projection ".

page_text: The operation of the machine for making blind tenons is as follows, viz. :
The board or stick, for instance a drawer front in which the blind tenons are to-
he formed, is clamped flatwise between the face-plate and lower portion of the
holder, Fig. 10, with its end on which the tenons are to be formed projecting to the
left Fig. 10, and upwardly, Fig. 8, against the end stop ; all these with the holder
in the lowermost dotted position Fig. 8, the tapering cutter o Fig. 19, being used
and shown in Fig. 8.
With one of the pins in the notch &", the holder is now swung by the
workman about the pin as a fulcrum, causing the end of the stick or drawer-
front to be pushed upon the cutter, causing the latter to cut its way into the end of
the said drawer-front until the holder is stopped by contact with the stop 8, which.
may and preferably will be a limit stop.
This forms the portion 15 of the cut Fig. 14.
With the left end of the holder still in contact with the limit stud h, the
operator withdraws the opposite end of the holder sufficient to clear the pin 4*
from the notch A", and thereafter slides the holder longitudinally the left with.
the pin 4 working along the face 4 at the left of the projection 4" to cause the
cutter to remove the portion 16, Fig. 14, until the next succeeding pin ³ reaches
and enters the groove at the opposite or right hand side of the central pro-
jection, when the holder again moves towards the entter to form the depression 17
at the opposite end of the cut, after which the workman again withdraws the left.
end of the holder against the stop pin 7 to draw the cutter out from the stick,
leaving the recess cut, as shown in Fig. 14, and forming adjacent sides of two blind
tenons.
The operator, with the holder still held against the back stop pin 7, moves the
right end of the holder sufficiently to carry its pin 4 around the projection 4" into
the recess 4", when the former operation described is repeated to form the next
recess of the series in the end of the drawer front.
In this way all the blind tenons are formed, as shown in Fig. 14, they being
spaced according to the spacing of the pins A.
It will be noticed that by the process for forming blind tenons described the-
rotating cutter is first pushed into the wood to a distance beyond the desired depth.
of the tenon, about equal to half the diameter of the cutter, to form one side of a
tenon; the cutter is then withdrawn a distance equal to about one-half its diameter,
or to the base of the straight face of the tenun, is moved laterally to form the
face 16, and is again pushed inwardly to form a face of a second tenon, as shown in
Fig. 4.
Having now described the manner of forming both the ordinary and blind
tenous, I will now describe the manner of forming the corresponding mortises.
Referring to Figs. 1, 6 and 7, M is a carriage shown as a har like head, adapted
to slide upon the table in a direction at right angles to the axes of the rotary
cutters e, o, e, it having a guiding rib m, which slides in a guiding groove m' in
the table to insure proper line of travel said carriage head M and its guiding rib m,.
much resembling a draughtman's square.
In front of the carriage M, resting upon the table and having a forward
and back movement with the said carriage M, or an independent movement at
right angles thereto though not necessarily connected with said carriage M, is
what I call the auxiliary carriage M', it, as shown, comprising the runners m²,.
Figs. 1, 6, and 64, which rest upon the table and which are connected by the cross
bars m³, n.
The cross bar m³ is provided with two horizontal holes or openings for the
reception of the clamping rods m, swiveled in sleeves m Fig. 6 pivotally mounted
upon the said cross-bar, said rods at their opposite ends being threaded in suitable
yokes m', which carry the pivots m of the levers m jointed at me to a clamping
bar m, and connected at their opposite ends by a rol m, one of said levers being
extended to form a handle m¹³.
This clamp is substantially like the clamps described for holding the sticks in

page_text: position for forming the tenons, the clamping bar "being provided with a face
plate m, as in the former elamp, but in the present clamp this face plate is
provided with other and preferably several auxiliary face plates m", provided with
Interally extended hooked enrs m, which engage the upper edge of the main face
plate m, see Figs. 6 and 7, to hold the same in position.
In the horizontal dovetail groove m', in the cross bar in³, is fitted to slide n
bracket m, made adjustable by suitable thumb serews m, and provided with a
series of depending spring fingers m¹®.
The runner m, at the right Fig. 6, constitutes an end stop, and in practice
several drawer sides or sticks, in which the dovetail mortises are to be cut, are
placed end down and face to face between the face plates " and the cross-bar m³.
as indicated in dotted lines Fig. 6, and the clamp moved to clamp the same in
position, the said sticks before clamping, however, heing moved to the right in
contact with the end stop referred to and held there by moving the bracket m
against the opposite edges of said sticks, the spring fingers acting upon the
individual sticks to press them individually against the end stop, thus ensuring
proper positioning of the sticks, notwithstanding they may vary somewhat in
width.
The number of auxiliary plates a" employed will depend upon the width of the
sticks operated upon.
The cross bar m³, at its lower side Fig. 6, that is, at its outer side, is provided
with a removable rack plate m, which co-operates with the pawl in", shown as
notched to engage a pin m on a block m" made adjustable on the carriage M by
means of a suitable adjusting screw, there being a series of notches in the
pawl, either of which may be engaged with the pin m for approximate
adjustment, final and accurate adjustment being effected by movement of block
and its pin.
A spring presses the pawl always towards the rack, said pawl being
limited in its movement by a buil on the pawl engaging a pin m on the
carriage.
With the sticks clamped as described, both the main and the anxiliary
carringes M and M' are inoved bodily along the guideway m' towards the saws,
the pawl in engagement with the rack holding the two carriages in proper relative
po-ition.
This forward movement of the carriages causes the sawa arranged as shown, to
successively act upon the cuds of the sticks and form therein a transverse series of
mortises, one such mortise in each stick.
The carriages are now withdrawn, the auxiliary carriage is moved along one
tooth of the rack upon the main earringe M, and the operation repeated to cause
the saws to make the next dovetail mortise in the several sticks, this operation
being repented until all the mortises are cut in the several sticks.
For forming the mortises for the blind tenons, precisely the same mechanism
is used properly adjusted, and for forming the dovetail rabbet 50 at the sides
of the several sticks, Fig. 15, where blind tenons are used, I feed the said sticks
against a suitable straight guide past the saws to cause the same to remove the
rabbet shown.
My invention is not limited to the particular construction herein shown and
described, for it is evident the same may be varied without departing from the
spirit and scope of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a dove-tailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a work-support, a fulcrum for
said work-support and away from said cutter at one side thereof and about which
said work-support is free to swing, the free end of said work-support being movable
transversely thereof over said cutter in the path of an are, and means to advance

page_text: said holder transversely to the path of cut step by step relatively to said
fulcrum.
2. In a dove-tailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a work holder free to swing
over said cutter, and a plurality of fixed fulcra, about either of which as a centre
the work-holder is free to swing, the free end of the work-support being movable
forward and back over the cutter in an arc concentric with the fixed fulcrum.
3. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a work-holder free to swing over
said cutter, a plurality of fixed fulera for said swinging movement, and a series
of stop surfaces on said holder arranged to be respectively engaged with said
fulcra as described to limit the longitudinal movement of the holder relatively
thereto.
4. lu a dovetailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a work-holder free to swing over
said cutter, a fixed filcrum on one side of said cutter, a second fixed fulcrum on
another side of said cutter, two series of stop surfaces, one series to co-operate
with each fulcrum, and means to removably secure said stop surfaces to said
holder.
5. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a movable work-holder, a
clamping device to clamp the work upon the holder, end stops movable on the
holder, and means to adjust said stops independently of their movement on the
holder.
6. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a movable work holder, a
clamping device to clamp the work upon the holder, two series of ond stops
movable on the holder, and means to independently adjust the several stops of
either series and independently of their movement on the holder.
7. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a movable work-holder, a
clamping device to clamp the work upon the holder, spring end stops movable on
the holder, and means to adjust said stops by springing out one portion thereof
independently of said movement on the holder.
8. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a work-holder, a fulcrum for one
end thereof and about which the opposite end may vibrate to present the work to
and to withdraw the same from said cutter, and a profile to determine the movements
of the said opposite or free end of said holder.
9. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a work-holder, a fulcrum for
one end thereof and about which the opposite end may vibrate to present the
work to and withdraw the same from said cutter, and a profile to determine the
character of the movements of said opposite end, said profile being shaped to
present a central projection, and depressions at either side thereof flanked by
straight surfaces.
10. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, a cutter, a work-holder, a fulcrum for
one end thereof, about which the opposite end may vibrate to present the work to
and withdraw the same from said cutter, a series of projections at said opposite
end, and a profile co-operating with said projections.
11. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, mortise cutters, a main work supporting
carriage and an auxiliary carriage movably mounted adjacent thereto, a series of
projections on one and a co-operating projection on the other of said carriages to
determine the relative movements of the two.
12. In a dovetailing machine, a frame, one or more mortise cutters, and a work
support, said cutter or cutters and said work support being movable oue relatively
to the other, a series of pressers on said work support for and to act upon
independent pieces or sticks to position the same, and a clamp to confine said
pieces or sticks in the positions into which they are moved by said pressers.
12. A blind tenon having straight side walls, a straight faced ledge or base
extending therefrom on each side in line with the base line proper of said tenon
and of the adjacent tenons, and a semi-circular pocket joining said respective
ledges or bases to said side walls and beyond the base line proper of the
tenon.
14. A blind tenon joint, comprising blind tenons having straight side walls,

page_text: straight faced ledges or bases extending between said tenons in line with the base
line proper of the tenons, and semi-circular pockets joining said respective ledges
or bases to said side walls and beyond the said base lines proper, and mortises to
properly fit snid tenons, a rabbet being formed adjacent said mortises connecting
the bases thereof to provide an overlying portion to neatly conceal said pockets
when the joint is made.
Duted the 1st day of December 1896.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.