IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS AND TAPS OR VALVES
Year: 1858

page_text: Sealed the 25th March 1859, and dated the 12th October 1858.
PROVISIONALSPECIFICATION left by the said William Johnston and
William Ross at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents. with their
Petition, on the 12th October 1858.
We, WILLIAM JOHNSTON. Merchant, and WILLIAM Ross. Brassfounder.
both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS AND
TAPS OR VALVES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention comprises various improvements in the valvular mechanism
of waterclosets, and in taps or valves. the whole having reference to improved
modes or means of controlling or regulating the passage or flow of fluids.
In a watercloset of the "pan" class embodying a modification of some of
the improvements. the pan or valve which closes the outlet of the basin or
primary receptacle being mounted upon a horizontal spindle at one side in the
usual way, is balanced by means of a counterweight, in such a way that the
weight of the water which it contains. when shut, will open it on the spindle
being released from a catch contrived to hold it shut, the counterweight,

page_text: however, being made sulficient to close it agam after the water is emptied out
of it. The pan spindle has fast on it a piece formed with three catch notches,
and a catch or paul lying in one of these notches holds the pan or valve shut
when the watercloset is not in use. The apparatus is set in action by a lever
actuated by the depression of the seat, or by the manual depression of a button
or handle, the lever recovering itself after depression by the action of a
counterweight. On one end of the lever being depressed, its other end rises, and
by means of an arm lifts the catch described as holding the pan or basin valve
closed; at the same time, however, a-projection on the lever enters the second
notch on the spindle catch piece; so that the pan or basin valve is not, as yet,
free to open. When the lever recovers itself (on the rising up of the user of
the watercloset, for example,) it takes its projection out of the notch, and
allows the pan or basin valve to open. Various contrivances may or may
not be adopted to retain the pan or basin valve open sufficiently long for the
emptying and cleansing of the basin; but it is preferred to arrange the parts,
so that on the pan or basin valve being opened, a catch or paul will enter a
notch on the spindle catch piece, and prevent the pan or basin. valve from
closing until the catch or paul is disengaged by means of a "pan regulator,"
which determines the length of time during which the pan or basin valve will
remain open. The "pan regulator" is a small vessel containing a float,
arranged to disengage the catch or paul. When the pan opens, its spindle
acts on the valvular mechanism of the water supply pipe, so as to admit water
to flush the basin, and a supply branch conveys part of the supply to the "pan
regulator" vessel. This vessel is formed with an outlet of such a size, that
the water enters more rapidly than it can get away, and raises the float until
the catch or paul is released, whereupon the pan or basin valve closes, the
water being afterwards shut off from the "pan regulator" vessel, which then
rapidly empties to allow the float to return to its normal position. It is pre-
ferred to govern the water supply for flushing the basin by a modification of
the apparatus described in the Specification of British Letters Patent granted
to William Ross, and bearing date on or about the 27th day of March 1857.
The details just described are susceptible of considerable modification within
the scope of the Invention. Thus, for example, the water supply may be
controlled by a valve or tap of any of the kinds herein-after described, or by a
non-regulator" tap of any known kind, and in such case, what has herein-
before been termed the "pan regulator," may also be contrived to shut off the
water supply, by acting on the. tap in much the same way as it is described as
acting on the pan or basin valve. Instead of the herein-before described
basin valve of the "pan" kind for closing the basin outlet, a sliding or other

page_text: valve may be used, the details for actuating it being modified to correspond.
A minor improvement in waterclosets comprehended in the present Inven-
tion, consists in shaping the cast-iron trunk of the closet, so that its lower part
contains the eflluvia trap or water valve, instead of this being provided for in
a separate piece.
In a tap, cock, or valve. embodying a modification of further improvements
comprehended in this Invention. the valve piece, which is of the common
conical or disc kind, is closed upon the aperture through which the fluid enters
the outlet by the pressure of the fluid itself. The valve piece is connected by
a spindle to a cup-shaped or convex diaphragm, of an impermeable. flexible.
and elastic material, such as vulcanised caoutchouc, fixed over an opening in
the shell of the tap, cock, or valve.
In a tap, cock, or valve embodying another modification, the fluid enters
between the valve piece and the cupped diaphragm, the former closing against
the fluid pressure on it surface, this pressure, however, being overbalanced by
the contrary pressure on the cupped diaphragm, aided by the elastic action of
the latter, the valve constructed according to either modification, is opened
by pressing the cupped diaphragm inwards, and the pressure may be applied
directly by hand, or by means of a lever, screw, eccentric, float and lever, or
other mechanism.
In a further modification of cock, tap, or valve, the valve piece closes
against the fluid pressure, being attached to a cup-shaped or convex diaphragm
of impermeable and flexible material, such as vulcanised caoutchouc fixed
over an opening in the shell, the valve being closed by depressing the
diaphragm.
The Invention also comprehends certain improvements in valves specially
designed for controlling the exit of the water lodged by condensation in steam
pipes used for heating and other purposes.
According to one modification, the valve which is adapted to the bottom of
a vessel provided for the reception of the water of condensation, is opened by
a float made of cork, a float made of this material being less liable to injury
from the hot water and steam than those hitherto in use. The buoyant action
of the float may be aided by a spring, or the float may be connected to a
diaphragm of an impermeable, flexible, and elastic material, such as vulcanised
caoutchouc, fixed over an opening in the top of the vessel.
According to another modification, the vessel collecting the water of con-
densation has fixed on one side a flexible or elastic bag or vessel, partly filled
with water or other fluid. When the level of the water in the vessel is below.
the elastic bag, the heat of the steam causes the latter to swell out and close

page_text: an aperture in a pipe, which may either be the outlet for the water of con-
densation, or may be the relieving or waste outlet of a "regulator" valve
constructed according to the Specification of William Ross, herein-before
referred to. When the level of the water is above the elastic bag, the
consequent cooling of the latter causes it to contract and open the passago it
closed when expanded, and the water flows off until the lowering of its level
causes the clastic bag to be re-expanded by the heat of the steam, so as to
close the passage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Johnston and William Ross in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,. WILLIAM
JOHNSTON, Merchant, and WILLIAM Ross, Brassfounder, both of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said William Johnston and William Ross, Her special licence that
we, the said William Johnston and William Ross, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Johnston and
William Ross, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN WATERCLOSETS AND TAPS OR VALVES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Johnston and William Ross, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Johnston and William Ross,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement in writing. reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
Our said Invention comprises various improvements in the valvular me-
chanism of waterclosets, and in taps or valves, the whole having reference to
improved modes or means of controlling or regulating the passage or flow of
fluids.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood and carried
into effect, we will particularly describe the application of the same, referring
as we proceed to the two accompanying Sheets of explanatory Drawings, upon
which we have delineated examples of such application.
A portion of our improvements in the valvular mechanism of waterclosets is
more particularly designed to render the apparatus self-acting." and is illus-
trated by Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1 of the Drawings. Figure 1 being a front
elevation, with the front panel of the seat or case removed; Figure 2 a side
elevation partly in section, with the entire case removed: and Figure 3 a
front elevation of some of the details in positions different from those in which
they are represented in Figure 1. In the watercloset as constructed with our
improved valvular mechanism, the pan or valve A. which closes the outlet of
the basin or primary receptacle B. being mounted upon a horizontal spindle C
at one side in the usual way. is balanced by means of a counterweight Din
such a way that the weight of the water which it contains when
shut will open it on the spindle C being released from a catch contrived to
hold it shut, the counterweight D, however, being made suflicient to close it
again after the water is emptied out of it. The counterweight D is formed
upon or attached to an arm projecting from a boss E fast on the end of the
pan spindle C.
Three catches are provided in connection with the pan
spindle C. two of these consisting of notches a, b, formed on the boss E. whilst
the third consists of a curved piece e fixed or formed upon the back of the
counterweight D. The pan or basin valve A is kept shut when the apparatus
is not in action, by a paul or catch F, which lies in one a of the notches of the
boss E on the pan spindle C; this paul F being carried by a stud fixed in the
horizontal flange or cover G of the closet trunk H. The apparatus is set in
action by a lever 1. actuated by the depression of the seat (or by the manual
depression of a button or handle). the lever recovering itself after depression by
the action of the counterweight J. This lever I is centered upon a stud K,
fixed in the trunk cover G. and has jointed to one end of it a rod 1, which
passes up through a guide eye in the trunk cover G to such a height that it is

page_text: pushed down by the seat board M, when the latter is depressed by the weight
of the person using the apparatus. The board M is of course hinged or other-
wise mounted in such a way as to yield or descend a little when pressed
down. On one end of the lever I being depressed as explained, its other end
rises, and by means of an arm N lifts the paul or catch F, described as holding
the pan or basin valve A closed; at the same time, however, a projection O on
the lever enters a notch b formed in the boss Ę, so that the pan or basin
valve A is not as yet free to open.
When the lever I recovers itself (on the
rising up of the user of the watercloset, for example.) it takes its projection O
out of the notch b, and allows the pan or basin valve A to open. In Figure 3.
several of the parts just described are shown in the position they assume
when the pan or basin valve is open. The notches a, b, are placed in such
relative positions, that on the paul F being lifted, the boss E moves slightly
before engaging with the projection O, just sufficiently, in fact, to bring the
side of the notch barely within the point of the paul F, so that when the lever |
recovers itself, this paul F cannot re-enter the notch a, and the pan or basin
valve is consequently free to open with the weight of water it contains.
Various contrivances may or may not be adopted to retain the pan or basin
valve A open for a short time to insure the thorough emptying and cleansing
of the basin, but we prefer to arrange the parts as represented in the accom-
panying Drawings, that is, so that on the pan or basin valve A being opened,
a paul or catch lever P will engage with a catch projection c fast on the back
of the counterweight D, and prevent the pan or basin valve a from closing
until the paul or catch lever P is disengaged by means of a
is pan regulator
arranged to determine the length of time during which the pan or basin valve
will remain open. The pan regulator is a small vessel Q (Figure 2) contain-
ing a float R, a rod from which projects up to act on one end of the catch-
lever P. When the pan or basin valve A opens, its spindle C acts on the
valvular mechanism of the water supply pipe, so as to admit water to flush the
basin B, and a small branch S conveys part of the supply to the pan regulator
vessel Q; this vessel is formed with an outlet (into the trunk H) of such a
size that the water enters more rapidly by the pipe S than it can get away by
the outlet, and it consequently gradually fills the vessel Q, and raises the
float R until the catch lever P releases the curved catch projection upon
the pan counterweight D. Thereupon the counterweight D closes the then
empty pan or basin valve A, and the supply of water to the pan regulator
vessel being afterwards discontinued, this vessel rapidly empties, and
the float R redescends to its normal position. The manner in which,
and details by which a portion of the flushing supply of water is made
,,

page_text: to release the catch holding the pan or basin valve open may be modified in
various ways, thus the water may be made to act on a flexible bag or diaphragm
instead of the float R.
It is preferred to govern the water supply for flushing the basin by a
modification of the valvular apparatus described in the Specification of British
Letters Patent granted to William Ross, and bearing date on or about
the 27th day of March. 1857. This modification of the valvular apparatus
is shown in longitudinal vertical section in Figure 2. The inlet d and the
outlet e are arranged in the same fine, and communicate with a hemispherical
chamer containing a hollow hemispherical valve piece of caoutchouc,
which, when expanded, closes the thoroughfare. A small passage admits
the water from the inlet d to the interior of the valve piece /. and a small
or secondary outlet thence is provided, and arranged to be opened by the
opening of the pan A (for example, in the manner shown in William Ross
Specification herein-before referred to). When this secondary outlet is closed
the pressure inside the valve piece is equal to that in the inlet d, so that the
latter does not act on the outside of the valve piece, whilst the internal
pressure keeps the valve piece firmly against the main outlet e.
When the
pan A opens, however. the secondary outlet is opened, and the pressure in the
valve piece is reduced, and the pressure in the inlet d forces down the valve
piece, and opens the main thoroughfare.
On the pan A closing. the secondary
is also closed, and the valve piece
outlet from the interior of the valve piece
gradually fills out and finally closes the main thoroughfare, the time it takes
to do this being determined by a screw valve g' applied to the small passage
supplying the water to the interior of the valve piece. In this way the supply
of water to the basin is continued for a determined period after the closing
of the pan or basin valve, to refill the latter. The flushing water is con-
veyed from the outlet e of the regulator valve just described to the basin B
by the pipe T. which we prefer to attach to the horn or inlet U of the
basin (when this is made of earthenware) by means of a screwed spindle V.
formed with an enlarged head. by which it is held in the slightly conical interior
of the horn U. If the inlet U is of equal internal diameter throughout. the
T-piece may be made with a head large enough to be held across its
inner face. The outer end of the spindle or T-piece V projects through a
mouthpiece W, fixed or formed on the end of the pipe T, and a thumb nut X
applied externally serves to force the mouthpiece W firmly against the horn
U. whilst washers are applied between the horn U and mouthpiece W. and
also between the latter and the thumb nut X. to render the joint tight in
every respect. In this way a superior joint is formed, whilst the parts can he

page_text: easily separated for packing or for examination or repairs. This joint is also
applicable for overflow pipes when attached to earthenware basins; and if the
inlet (or outlet) is of equal internal diameter throughout, or if it has no
projecting horm the T-piece V may be made with a head to be held across its
inner face.
"
The details just described are susceptible of considerable modification within
the scope of our Invention. Thus, the water supply may be controlled by a
valve or tap of any of the kinds herein-after described, or by a "non-regulator'
tap of any known kind: and in such case, what has herein-before been termed
the pan regulator." may also be contrived to shut off the water supply by
acting on the tap in much the same way as it is described as acting in on the
pan or basin valve.
A minor improvement in waterclosets comprehended in the present Inven-
tion is illustrated by Figure 4. Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings, this
Figure being a vertical section, and consists in shaping the cast-iron trunk H
of a watercloset, so that its lower part contains the eflluvia trap or water
valve h, instead of this being provided for in a separate piece. The trunk
may assume various forms. and the outlet i may have a downward or inclined
direction.
A tap, cock. or valve embodying a modification of further improvements
comprehended in this Invention is represented in longitudinal vertical section
in Figure 5. Sheet 2, of the accompanying Drawings. In it the valve piece A,
which is of the common disc kind, with a thin packing disc of leather or
caoutchouc upon its face (or which may be conical or without soft packing) is
closed upon the seating B, or aperture through which the fluid enters the
outlet or spout C by the pressure of the fluid itself. The valve piece A is
connected by a spindle D to a cup-shaped or convex diaphragm E of an
impermeable,, flexible, and elastic material, such as vulcanised caoutchouc fixed
over an opening in the shell of the tap, cock, or valve. A cap or cover F is
fixed over the diaphragm E to protect this diaphragm, and also to serve as a
guide for the spindle D, a button G being screwed on the end of this spindle.
which projects through the centre of the diaphragm, and is attached thereto
by the button G.
A tap, cock, or valve, embodying another modification of the improvements
is represented in vertical longitudinal section in Figure 6, Sheet 2. In this
case the fluid enters between the valve piece A and the cup-shaped diaphragm
E. the former closing against the fluid pressure on its inside surface; this
pressure, however, being overbalanced by the contrary pressure on the cup-
shaped diaphragm E, aided by the elastic action of the latter.
The over-

page_text: balancing pressure on the diaphragm E is obtained by making the aperture
over which it is fixed of larger area than the aperture B, communicating with
the outlet or spout C. The valve arranged according to either modification is
opened by pressing the cup-shaped diaphragm and spindle inwards and the pres-
sure may be applied directly by hand, or by means of a lever, screw, eccentric
float and lever, or other mechanism. Both modifications are self-closing.
A further modification of our improved taps, cocks, or valves is represented
in vertical section, arranged as a hydrant or street water valve, in Figure 7,
Sheet 2. Here the valve piece A closes against the fluid pressure, being
attached by its spindle D to a cup-shaped or convex diaphragm E of imper-
meable and flexible material, such as vulcanised caoutchouc, fixed over an
opening in the shell, the valve being closed by depressing the spindle D, and
with it the diaphragm E. The diaphragm E is protected by a cap or cover F.
and this cover is formed with an internally screwed mouth H, in which works
a screw spindle 1. This screw spindle I is formed with a squared head to
receive a key, and by turning it the valve is opened or closed as required.
It remains to be mentioned, with reference to the taps or valves represented
in Figures 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 2, that provision should be made for the ingress
and egress of air through the covers F by small holes, as shown, or otherwise.
in order that the flexible diaphragms E may move freely. In all the modifi-
cations the flexible diaphragms E act as "stuffings" or "packings," or as
fluid-tight media through which the movements for opening or closing the
thoroughfare are communicated from the outside to the inside of the apparatus.
For this purpose the cup-shaped diaphragms are superior to ordinary flat
diaphragms, as they accommodate themselves to the required movement or
traverse of the valve and spindle without stretching in the injurious manner
that flat diaphragms would to give the same movement or traverse.
The valves represented in Figures 5 and 6. Sheet 2. may in each case be
made to occupy a determinate time in closing like what are known as
"regulator valves" by simply contriving a very minute aperture in the
cover F, for the egress of air or other fluid, which is or may be drawn inside
the cover when the valve is opened. To admit the air or other fluid freely
when the valve is opened, the cover may be provided with a valve opening
inwards only.
Our Invention also comprehends certain improvements in valves specially
designed for controlling the exit of the water lodged by condensation in steam
pipes used for heating and other purposes.
According to one modification, the valve which is adapted to the bottom of

page_text: a vessel provided for the reception of the water of condensation is opened by a
float made of cork, a float made of this material being less liable to injury
from the hot water and steam than those hitherto in use. The buoyant action
of the float may be aided by a spring, or the float may be connected to a
diaphragm of an impermeable. flexible, and elastic material, such as vulcanised
caoutchouc fixed over an opening in the top of the vessel.
Figure 8. Sheet 2, is a longitudinal vertical section showing one mode of
applying the float and valve details. Here the valve aperture A. for the
escape of the water is formed in the bottom of a vessel B communicating with
the steam pipes by a branch C. The valve D. closes the aperture A against
the internal pressure, and its spindle E passes up to a cup-shaped diaphragm F.
fixed over an aperture in the top of the vessel B. directly opposite to the
aperture A. The diaphragm F is protected by a cover G, which also serves
as a guide to the projecting end of the spindle E. These details are similar
to those represented in Figure 6, and already herein-before described. The
float H for actuating the valve D is mounted upon a lever I, centred upon a
bracket J. fixed inside the vessel B, and the shorter end of the lever is
formed with an elongated eye embracing a pin fixed in the valve spindle E.
As long as no water finds its way from the steam pipes into the vessel B, the
float remains down as shown in full lines in the figure: but on the vessel B
becoming partly filled with water, the float I rises towards the position indi.
cated by the dotted lines and opens the valve D, so as to discharge the water.
Figure 9 is a vertical section showing another mode of applying float and
valve details, the same letters marking the like parts in both Figures 8 and 9.
In this last example, the float H is mounted directly upon the valve spindle E.
and the valve D closes the outlet. A from the inside and with the internal
pressure. In both arrangements the internal pressure on the valve D is
wholly or partially balanced by the contrary internal pressure onl the
diaphragm F. so that the float has little or no resistance to overcome. bu!
that due to the friction of the parts. The valvular mechanism represented in
Figures 8 and 9. is obviously not capable of giving egress 10 air if contained
in the steam pipes, and a separate valve such as is used for that purpose must
be applied to the vessel B. as at K. Figure 8. or directly to the steam pipes.
Another modification of valvular mechanism for giving egress to the water
of condensation from steam pipes is represented in vertical section in Figure 10.
Sheet 2. In this apparatus the vessel B for collecting the water of condensa-
tion by the branch C, has fixed on one side a closed flexible elastic bag or
vessel into which a quantity of water or other fluid is introduced. When

page_text: the level of the water in the vessel B is below the elastic bag L, the heat of
the steam causes the latter to swell out and close an aperture in a pipe M.
which may either be the main outlet for the water of condensation. or the
"relieving or secondary outlet of a "regulator" valve constructed according
to the Specification of William Ross, herein-before referred to. In Figure 9.
the regulator valve is represented as adapted to the vessel B. this vessel being
formed with a main outlet N, the inner mouth of which is shaped to fit and
be closed by a hemispherical or cup-shaped valve piece 0, of a flexible or
elastic material, such as vulcanised caoutchouc. This valve piece O is formed
with a small hole at P, communicating with the interior of the vessel B, and
is has also a small outlet through the pipe M, controlled by the elastic or
flexible bag L When the pipe M is closed, the valve piece O is filled out.
and closes the main outlet N, but when the level of the water in the vessel B
rises above the bag L, the consequent cooling of the latter causes it to contract
as indicated by dotted lines, and uncover the end of the pipe M. The bag Lis
protected by a cover R, in which holes are made for the escape of water (or
air) from the pipe M, when the bag L is withdrawn from the latter. When
the pipe M is unclosed as described, the fluid inside the valve piece O gets
away, and the waste not being supplied with an equal rapidity through the
hole P. communicating with the interior of the vessel B. the valve piece
collapses or contracts as indicated by the dotted lines, and uncovers the main
outlet. N. On the steam heat again expanding the bag L after the discharge
of the accumulated water, the outlet from the inside of the valve piece O
becomes closed, and the valve piece O gradually refills and closes the main
outlet N. With this apparatus, a separate air valve is not required, as the air
being colder than steam acts on the apparatus just like the water of conden-
sation, and becomes discharged in the same way.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, we have to state that
we do not restrict ourselves to the precise details herein-before described or
delineated, and that we do not claim to have invented every separate detail
herein described and delineated; but that what we believe to be novel and
original, and claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the several improved combinations of valvular mechanism for water-
closets, herein-before described and referred to in connection with Figures 1,
2, and 3, on Sheet 1, of the Drawings hereunto appended.
Second, the mounting of the pan or basin valve, so as to tend to open
when full of water, and to close when emptied, combined with the peculiar

page_text: arrangement of the catch notches a and b, (Figure 1), and their catches to
control the opening of the pan or basin valve, substantially as herein-before
described.
Third, ther system or mode of delaying the closing of the self-closing pan or
basin valve by means of a catch released by the action of such a contrivance
as the pan regulator" herein-before described.
Fourth, the system or mode of forming the effluvia trap or water valve of
a watercloset in the trunk casting, instead of in a separate piece, as herein-
before more particularly described in connection with Figure 4. on Sheet 1.
of the Drawings hereunto appended.
Fifth, the application or use in taps or valves substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before described and explained in connection with
Figures 5 to 9 on Sheet 2 of the Drawings hereunto appended, of a cup-shaped
diaphragm of flexible or elastic material.
Sixth, the application and use in valvular apparatus for discharging the
water of condensation from steam pipes of a float made of cork as herein-
before described.
Seventh, the application and use of apparatus for discharging water and
air from steam pipes constructed substantially as herein-before described in
connection with Figure 10, on Sheet 2, of the Drawings hereunto appended.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Johnston and William Ross.
have hereunto set our hands and seals. this Eighth day of April. in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
IM JOHNSTON (LS)
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT, Patent Agent,
28, S. Enoch Square, Glasgow.
WILLIAM ROSS. (L.S.)