IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Booth, Thomas William Chambers, and James
· Chambers, all of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 9th May 1862, and dated the 16th November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Booth, Thomas
William Chambers, and James Chambers at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th November 1861.
We, JOSEPH BOOTH, THOMAS WILLIAM CHAMBERS, and JAMES CHAMBERS,
all of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, of an improved taking-up motion. We employ
two levers, one of which is propelled by motive power from the slay sword by
means of a connecting arm, which lever imparts motion to a second lever
which puts in motion two or more inclines of a circular or straight form,
which work in connection with as many eccentrics, and instantly come to a
dead lock when the forward motion is given, but are immediately eased on
the retrograde motion being given. The above combined give motion to a
worm working in a worm wheel on the end of the cloth beam or roller, and
so without any intervening roller, change wheels, or other apparatus the
requisite amount of motion is given to the cloth beam. This latter motion

page_text: may be also effected by gearing. The whole of this contrivance is regulated
by a lever, one end of which presses upon the cloth on the cloth roller, and as
the cloth beam increases in diameter, the other end which is attached to a
slide gradually lengthens the first lever, and in the same proportion lessens the
amount of motion given to the cloth roller, so as to secure a uniformity of
motion to the cloth throughout the whole length.
Secondly, of an improved letting-off motion. This consists in a most simple
contrivance which we call a uniaxular beam and rail, because it consists of a
beam and rail working upon the same axis. The rail is bent at each end at
right angles, and is furnished with a pivot at each extremity, which pivots
work in recesses on the loom sides. In the bent arms near the pivots are other
recesses in which the ends of the yarn beam rest. On one end of the yarn
beam a catch wheel is fixed and connected with the bent arm, a catch working
in the said wheel, by means of which the beam and the rail are locked together,
and remain in that position until the catch comes in contact with a projection,
by means of which the catch is raised, a portion of the warp is allowed to
pass under the rail, and the catch being pressed by means of a spring prevents
more than one tooth passing the catch at a time. By a constant repetition
of this motion the warp is supplied as it is required.
Thirdly, of an improved combination of fast and loose reed. This consists
in a frame for the purpose of holding the reed separate from the hand rail
and the slay bottom, and works from a centre attached to the slay sword on
each side. A bracket is attached to this frame on each side, which passes
under the slay bottom, and terminates with a downward hook. A prolonga-
tion of the crank arm passes through a slot in the slay sword, and terminates
with a bend or elbow which at the time of beating up forms a straight line
from the centre of the crank shaft to the bend or elbow, and passes within the
hook referred to, and makes the whole so solid that the possibility of giving
way will depend upon the strength of the fittings. Up to an inch from con-
tact with the cloth the hook and bend are free from each other, and con-
sequently the reed is perfectly at liberty, except being held by a spring which.
requires a very slight resistance to overcome, and, consequently, if the shuttle
is by any means prevented from running its race, and retained in the shed,.
the hook and bend will be prevented from coming in contact by the reed
falling back. This again will bring a small arm or finger in connection with,
the break, which will push the strap upon the loose pulley, and bring the
loom to a dead stand.
Fourthly, of an improved picking motion. This consists of an arm secured
to the front part of the framework of the loom at each side, which arm

page_text: projects towards the back part of the loom secured to this arm, and near to
the end of it is a strap connected with a cam or circular plate which is fixed
upon the picking stick. On the end of a shaft extending across the loom and
receiving motion from the crank shaft is a picking arm or tappet which comes
in contact with the extreme, end of the arm first mentioned, and imparts
motion to the picking stick.
And, fifthly, of an improved shedding motion. This consists of two toothed
wheels, one of which is fixed upon the shaft extending across the loom, the
other upon a stud, secured to a rail. One of these wheels being furnished
with convex and the other with concave planes, causes a temporary suspen-
sion of motion. 'In one of these wheels is a slot in which a stud is fixed, and
on this stud a sliding bar furnished with a rack. This rack imparts motion
to a block, which again imparts motion to the healds. By means of the slot
referred to, the size of the shed may be increased or decreased at pleasure..
The above arrangement is also applicable to weaving. twills.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Booth, Thomas William Chambers, and Janies
Chambers in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th May 1862. . .
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
BOOTH, THOMAS WILLIAM CHAMBERS, and JAMES CHAMBERS, all of Bury, in
the County of Lancaster; send greeting.
of
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year. of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant. unto,
us, the said Joseph Booth, Thomas William Chambers, and James Chambers,,
Her special licence that we, the said Joseph Booth, Thomas William Chambers,
and James Chambers; our executors, administrators and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Joseph Booth, Thomas William Chambers, and James
Chambers, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should- and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend,, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR: WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joseph

page_text: Booth, Thomas William Chambers, and James Chambers, our executors or:
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our 'or.
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature:
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six 5
'calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters:
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Booth, Thomas William
Chambers, and James Chambers, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par- 1
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that-is-
to say):
.
This Invention consists, first, of an improved taking-up motion ;-secondly,
of an improved letting-off motion; thirdly, of an improved combination of fast!
and loose reed; fourthly, of an improved picking motion; and, fifthly, of an '1
improved shedding motion.
'
These improvements will be clearly understood by the following.description
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings,
the letters referring to each part separately.
We represent our improved taking-up motion in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. 2
Fig. 1 is a transverse section of part of a loom having our taking-up motion
attached; Fig. 2, a front elevation of the same; Figs. 3 and 4 are end and
front elevations of the main parts of the motion; Fig. 5, a view of one-of the
parts detached, and Fig. 6, a modified arrangement of one of the parts of the
motion. We employ two levers a, b, and propel the lever a by the motion of: 2
the slay sword c, by means of the connecting rod d. The lever a imparts
motion by means of the connecting rod e to the second lever b, which works
on the shaft f, turning in a bracket fixed to the framework of the loom. "To.
the said lever 6 is fixed the box or frame g, containing three circular inclines h.
working on a pin or shaft i fixed in the sides of the box. In contact with the 3
said inclines there are three eccentrics fixed to the shaft l, which works-in-
holes or bearings in the box, and carries at one end the pinion m, which gears.
into the toothed wheel n fixed to the shaft f, to which is also fixed the-change.
pinion p. Each of the three circular inclines are provided with teeth, which
gear at intervals into a similar number of' teeth on the flanch of its cor-3
responding eccentric. One of the eccentrics is shewn detached in Fig. 5, in.:
which it will be seen that the flanch q has five teeth, and there-is. the same :
number of dents in the circular inclines. The eccentrics are so fixed upon.
the shaft in relation to each other as to form, when combined, a full circle of.

page_text: teeth, each series of which, one after the other as the pinion and eccentrics
revolve, act upon the teeth of the circular inclines, and raise the inclines one
after the other until their teeth are out of gear with the teeth of the eccentrics,
and allow them to fall by their own weight upon the full parts of the
eccentrics and lock them fast. Thus, when forward motion is imparted to the
top of the lever b, the end r of the box or frame 9 descends, and causes
the pinion m to roll upon the teeth of the wheel n and turn the eccentrics k,
and cause the full part of each in its turn to fall away, and allow its cor-
responding incline, which was before raised, to fall by its own weight and fill
up the space thus created; which operation ensures a complete lock upon the
eccentrics and pinion preparatory to the reverse motion of the lever b. When
backward motion is given to the top of the lever b, one of the inclines and
éccentrics are locked fast together, as before described, and the pinion m
carries forward the toothed wheel n, and gives proportionate motion to the
change pinion p, which communicates by the gearing's with the cloth beam t.
Instead of the change pinion p and gearings, a worm and worm wheel may
be employed when desired.. Resting on the top of the cloth there is a presser
roller or rod u, to which is attached the link v, connected at its lower end'
to the pin w of the connecting rod e, which moves the lever b, so that as the
cloth increases in diameter the roller is lifted up, and raises the pin w in the
slot of the lever b, and lessens the traverse of the pinion m and revolution of
the gearing s in a corresponding ratio to the increasing diameter of the cloth.
On the periphery of the toothed wheel n there is a friction brake for the
purpose of maintaining the steadiness of the gearing and cloth beam during
the change in the movement of the lever b and parts connected with it. Tho
brake being lifted off when desired by the handle a'. Thus, it will be seen
that the circular inclines are for the purpose of locking the eccentrics and
pinion, in order that the pinion may carry forward the toothed wheel into
which it is locked; but the same effect may be obtained by employing
straight inclines, as shewn in Fig. 6. The lever is slotted at the top, and has
motion imparted to it in the same manner as shewn in Fig. 1, but instead of
the box containing circular inclines, we fix to the lower part of the lever.the
bracket y, having bearings for carrying the eccentric k and pinion m, which
gears into the toothed wheel n, the same as before described. The straight
incliues are shewn at ; they work in a guide on the lever b, and vibrate to
and fro with it; they have indented teeth in a straight line, into which the
teeth of the eccentrics gear and raise the inclines one after the other, so that
they may fall, by their own weight and lock one or other of the eccentrics
previous to their upward motion, when the pinion m. has to turn the wheel n.
.:

page_text: Although we only describe the employment of three circular and straight
inclines acting upon a similar number of eccentrics, other numbers may be
used; it being simply necessary to give proportionate motion to the lever b,
and when desired the slotted part of the lever 6 may be below the centre of
0
oscillation, and the presser rod below the cloth instead of above it.
We represent our improved letting-off motion in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
and 18, in which Figs. 7 and 8 are back and end elevations, and Fig. 9, a
plan of one of our arrangements; and Figs. 10 and 11 are end and front
elevations; Fig. 12, a plan, and Fig. 13, a detached view of a modification of
the same.
.
'In both these arrangements we employ a very simple contrivance, which we
call a uniaxular beam and rail, because we make the warp beam and rail work
in the same central line of axis. In the aforesaid Figures the rail is shewn
at a, it is bént at each end at right angles, and has a pivot b at each
extremity, which pivots work in recesses or bearings in the side frames c of
the loom, or in brackets bolted to them. In the bent arms, central with the
pivots b, there are other bearings or recesses which support the ends or
pivots d of the warp beam e. By means of this uniaxular arrangement the
warp is maintained at an uniform tension at all diameters of the warp beam
without any regulation of the weights being required. In order to regulate
the supply of warp, we fix at one end of the warp beam a ratchet or catch
wheelf, Figs. 7; 8, and 9, and connect with one of the bent arms of the rail 'a
the catch or ratchet g, which works in the teeth of the aforesaid wheel so as
to lock the beam and rail together until the tail end of the catch comes in
contact with the pin or projection h fixed to the loom side, and lifts the catch
from the teeth of the wheel, by which means a portion of the warp is allowed
to pass from the warp beam under the rail, and the catch g is so pressed by
the spring as to prevent more than one tooth of the ratchet wheel passing
the catch at a time. By a constant repetition of this motion the warp
supplied as it is required.
is
In Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13, we represent another arrangement for regu-
lating the supply of warp: To the warp beam e we fix a worm wheel k, into
which is geared the worm fixed to one end of the shaft m, carrying near its
other end the ratchet or catch wheel n, which is turned by a ratchet or catch o
on the lever p, connected by the rod q to the arm 7 fixed to the lower part of
the sword arm s, so that when the sword arm vibrates to and fro the warp
beain is slowly turning and giving off warp so long as the ratchet o is' main-
tained in the teeth of the ratchet wheel 2. At the side of the rail a there is
a.double lever. t, having one end under the ratchet o, and the other bent as at

page_text: , to allow a projection from the rail, a to pass within the bend. In this
arrangement we also cause the rail a to be the medium for regulating the
supply of warp as it is required; for as the rail falls from the slackness, of-the
warp the bent end of the lever t is pressed down and the other end raised,.as
shewn by the dotted. lines Fig. 13, so as to lift the ratchet o from the teeth
of the ratchet wheel n and thereby stop its motion, and consequently that of the
warp beam: The ratchet remains out of the teeth until the supply of warp
is worked up and the rail a raised to allow the ratchet again to enter the
teeth of the ratchet wheel. _
We represent our improved combination of fast, and loose reed in Fig. 14.
This consists of a frame a for the purpose of holding the reed separate from
the slay bottom. The said frame works upon a centre pin 6 attached to each
slay sword, and has fixed to it on each side a bracket c, which passes 'under
the slay bottom and terminates with a downward hook d. A prolongation or
projection; e from each crank arm or connecting rod f passes through a slot
in the slay sword, and terminates with a bend or elbow,
9, which at the time
of beating-up passes within the hook d and presses against it, so as to make
the whole so solid that the possibility of giving way will depend upon the
strength of the fittings. When the reed is about. an inch from contact with
the cloth the hook and bend are free from each other, and consequently the
reed is perfectly at liberty, with the exception of its being held by a spring,
which requires a very slight resistance to overcome, and consequently if the
shuttle is by, any means prevented from running its race, and retained in the
shed, the hook will be so held back that the bend cannot act upon its interior,
but passes behind. This action also operates upon a small arm or finger in
connection with the brake, which will push the strap upon the loose pulley.
and bring the loom to a dead stand.
We also modify this arrangement in the following manner: To the ordi-
nary rod or shaft under the slay bottom employed for carrying the bent arms
for holding the bar in contact with the bottom of the reed we fix a lever
tapered at the point, so that when the lathe beats up it shall pass under a
projection fixed to the end frame of the loom, and thereby hold the bent arms
firmly against the reed. If the shuttle is. lodged in the shed the pointed end
of the lever rises above the projection, and causes another. arm to come in
contact with the spring handle and stop the loom.
哥
We represent our, improved picking motion in Figs. 15 and 16. This
-arrangement-consists-in-jointing-an-arm-k, at the outside of each-end-frame-
of the loom.in such manner that the arms project towards the back. Near
the end of each of these arms there is: fixed a strap l, connected with a cam

page_text: or circular plate m, which is, fixed upon the picking stick n. The shaft o
extends across the loom and receives its motion by means of gearing from the
crank shaft, and at each end of the said shaft o there is a picking arm or
tappet p, which comes in contact with the extreme end of its corresponding
arm k, and imparts motion to the picking stick.
We represent our improved shedding motion in Fig. 17. In this arrange-
ment we employ two toothed' wheels q, r, having teeth on portions of their
periplieries; the wheel q is fixed to the shaft o, which extends across the loom,
and derives its motion by gearing from the crank shaft, and the other wheel r
works upon a stud t fixed to one of the cross bars or rails. The wheel 'q is
formed with convex edges u, between the teeth and the wheel r, with concave
edges v, for the purpose of causing a temporary suspension of motion of the
wheel r. In the said wheel there is a slot, in which is fixed a stud w acting
as a crank pin, and on this stud is jointed the bar x, provided with a rack Y,
which gears into the pinion fixed to the heald pulleys or rollers a¹ con-
'nected to the bottoms of the healds. Thus, when motion is given to the
wheel 9, intermittent motion is imparted to the wheel r, rack y, and pinion z,
and pulleys a', so as to give the required motion to the healds for forming the
shed, and allow the proper dwell during the traverse of the shuttle. By
'shifting the stud win the slot the size of the shed may be increased or
diminished, as desired. The above arrangement is also applicable to twills.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be under-
stood that we claim in looms for weaving,
:
First, in the taking-up motion the employment of curved or straight inclines
acting in combination with eccentrics..
Secondly, in the letting-off motion, the uniaxular warp beam. and rail for
the purpose of maintaining a uniformn tension of the warp at all diameters of
the warp on the beam without the moving of the weights...
Thirdly, the prolongation of the connecting rod or crank arm, and the
bracket terminating with a downward hook, and also the bracket attached to
the loom side for the purpose of making the reed fast and loose, as required..
Fourthly, the employment of an arm jointed to the front part of each end
frame of the loom and projecting towards the back, and also causing the
rotary motion of the tappet shaft to turn in the same direction as the crank
shaft for the purpose of bringing the picking stick forward, and propelling the
shuttle by a downward stroke of the picking tappet..
And, fifthly, the concave and convex wheels for the purpose of causing. the
healds to have a temporary suspension of motion during the traverse of the

page_text: huttle, as all such improvements are herein described and illustrated in the
ccompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I,. the said Joseph Booth, for and on behalf of
myself and the said Thomas William Chambers and James Chambers,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOSEPH BOOTH. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Joseph Booth, in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.