Improvements in Multiple Effect Brine Evaporating Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Multiple Effect Brine Evaporating Apparatus.
We, EDWARD JAMES DUFF, Engineer, and THE UNITED ALKALI COMPANY,
LIMITED, both of 30, James Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention has for its object to provide apparatus, in which brine
can be economically and efficiently evaporated for the production of salt by what
is known as multiple effect. The evaporating vessels may be of any suitable
description but we prefer to use those in which steam or other heated gases or
vapours are used as a source of heat.
In apparatus constructed according to this invention the steam heating chamber
of each succeeding evaporating chamber is on or about a level with the top of the
preceding evaporating chamber so that the vapour from the preceding chamber
shall enter immediately and horizontally or nearly horizontally into the steam.
heating chamber of the succeeding evaporating chamber.
The object of this arrangement is to shorten the connecting pipe as much as
possible, and so minimize the loss of heat by radiation between the two vessels,
and also to minimize the loss of pressure by friction, as the efficiency of an
ordinary multiple effect apparatus is considerably and adversely affected by the
long and reversely directed pipes necessary to convey the steam of evaporation
from vessel to vessel where the vessels are arranged at the same level.
In ordinary compound effect apparatus the liquor to be evaporated is usually
fed into the first evaporating chamber where it is partly evaporated and then
passed into the second evaporating chamber and from this to the third evaporating
chamber and so on.
In the arrangement according to this invention each chamber is fed separately,
and the brine to be evaporated is wholly evaporated in each chamber and the
salt produced falls into the boot of an elevator fitted to the foot of the draw-off
pipe or leg of each chamber, the feeding or emptying of each chamber being
effected independently of the other chambers of the series.
In order to reduce to a minimum the friction in distributing the steam about
the heating pipes in the steam heating chamber, the steam heating chamber is
provided with a circular belt round the outside of the said pipes so that the steam
can flow all round the pipes and enter amongst them from all sides.
No vacuum pump attachment to the last chamber of the series is necessary as
the condensing water is pumped in at, and falls down, the descending outlet
pipe producing by its fall a sufficient vacuum.
The
No foot valves at the base of the evaporating chambers are required.
brine at first fills the leg of the elevator casing up to the level of the brine in
the evaporating chamber to which it pertains and afterwards falls in the leg a

page_text: distance corresponding to the amount of vacuum existing in the evaporating
chamber.
Dated this 1st day of September 1899.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Multiple Effect Brine Evaporating Apparatus.
We, EDWARD JAMES DUFF, Engineer, and THE UNITED ALKALI COMPANY,
LIMITED, both of 30, James Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:―
The present invention has for its object to provide apparatus in which brine
can be economically and efficiently evaporated for the production of salt by what
is known as multiple effect. The evaporating vessels may be of any suitable
description but we prefer to use those in which steam or other heated gases or
vapours, is, or are, used as a source of heat. The invention is described with
reference to the accompanying drawings, representing in elevations at right
angles to each other in Fige. 1 and 2 an arrangement in which four evaporating
ressels are used, but any suitable number may be similarly arranged. The
heating chamber B of each succeeding evaporating chamber A is on, or about, a
level with the top of the preceding evaporating chamber, so that the vapour from
the preceding evaporating chamber shall enter, immediately, and horizontally,
or nearly horizontally, into the heating chamber of the succeeding evaporating
chamber through the pipes a. The object of this arrangement is to shorten the
connecting pipes a as much as possible and so minimise the loss of heat by
radiation between the two vessels and also to minimise the loss of pressure by
friction as the efficiency of an ordinary multiple effect apparatus is considerably
and adversely effected by the long and reversely directed pipes necessary to convey
the steam of evaporation from vessel to vessel where the vessels are arranged on,
or about, the same level.
In ordinary compound, or multiple, effect apparatus the liquor to be evaporated
is usually fed into the first evaporating chamber where it is partly evaporated
and then passed into the second evaporating chamber and from this to the third
evaporating chamber and so on. In the arrangement according to this inven-
tion each chamber is fed separately, and the brine to be evaporated is wholly
evaporated in each chamber, and the salt produced falls down the legs C, into
the boot D, of an elevator E, at the foot of the leg C, of each chamber so that
the emptying of each chamber is effected independently of the other chambers
of the series. F is the receptacle into which the elevators deliver the salt.
The feeding of each chamber is also effected independently of the other cham-
bers of the series, the brine being pumped separately into each chamber from
the pipe a¹, and through the branch pipes a.
In order to reduce, to a minimum, the friction in distributing the steam, or
other heating agent, about the heating pipes b, in the heating chambers, each
heating chamber B, is provided with a circular belt 63, round the outside of the
collection of pipes b, so that the heating agent can flow all round the said pipes
and enter amongst them from all sides. One of the evaporating chambers with
its heating chamber is, in Figure 1, shewn in section to illustrate this arrange-
ment.

page_text: No vacuum pump attachment to the last chamber of the series is necessary
as the condensing water is pumped in at g, and falls down, the descending outlet
pipe G, producing a sufficient vacuum.
No foot valves at the base of the evaporating chambers are required. The
brine at first fills the leg, or casing, of the elevator, up to the level of the brine
in the evaporating chamber to which it pertains, and afterwards falls in the said
leg, or casing, a distance corresponding to the amount of vacuum existing in the
evaporating chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In multiple effect brine evaporating apparatus; evaporating chambers
arranged with the heating chamber of each succeeding evaporating chamber at,
or about, level with the top of the preceding evaporating chamber, and a pipe,
or passage, passing directly, and horizontally, or nearly horizontally, from the
top of each preceding evaporating chamber to the heating chamber of the succeed-
ing evaporating chamber: substantially as herein before described.
2. In multiple effect brine evaporating apparatus; evaporating chambers
arranged with direct and horizontal, or nearly horizontal, communication between
the tops of the preceding evaporating chambers and the heating chambers of the
succeeding evaporating chambers as described, tubes in the heating chambers
through which tubes the brine circulates and a belt around the tubes to allow the
heating agent to pass around the tubes from all sides; substantially as herein-
before described.
3. In multiple effect brine evaporating apparatus; evaporating chambers
arranged with direct and horizontal, or nearly horizontal, communication between
the tops of the preceding evaporating chambers and the heating chambers of the
succeeding evaporating chambers, as described, and means for feeding and empty-
ing each evaporating chamber independently of the other evaporating chambers
of the series, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 25th day of May 1900.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.