IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR HEATING AIR WITH OR WITHOUT THE EVAPORATION OF WATER THEREWITH
Year: 1884

page_text: I, FREDO WOOD, of Wexford, in the County of Wexford, do hereby declaro the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR HEATING AIR
WITH OR WITHOUT THE EVAPORATION OF WATER THEREWITH " to be as follows:-
--
This Invention has for its object a new or improved form of gas or other stoves,
in which air from outside the building or from the room to be warmed is passed
through circulating flues surrounded or nearly surrounded by the products of
combustion, and is then passed into the room to be warned either in a warm and
dry state, or in a warm and moist condition, the products of combustion passing
out by a chimney. My experimental stove is formed of a cylindrical vertical
casing. This is divided by a series of horizontal diaphragms into a considerable
number of separate zones. The bottom one contains the furnace, and each alternate
one above is connected with each other and the furnace by means of vertical or
other flues passing from one to the other on opposite sides of the apparatus
alternately. The space or chamber immediately above the furnace zone is supplied
with cold air from outside, and when desired to give a moist warm air water in
certain quantity can be heated in the air chambers and at the same time. The
way this is done is simply passing a tube into the air space having outside a funnel
and stopper or equivalent apparatus, water is poured into the funnel as into a gas
meter till full, the stopper then applied. The air flue from below of course enters
the zone at a point above the level of said funnel. Each zone can have a separate
water supply so that one or more can be used at pleasure. These air zones also
have vertical diaphragm plates stretching three quarters across the zone from one
side and the other alternately, so as to cause the air to take a zig zag path. The
air zone immediately above the furnace is connected with every alternate zone
above it by communications or flues passing through the other spaces alternately
in one side and in the other. The top one of these air spaces opens into the air of
the room. The mode of action is as follows: The products of combustion passing
upward from the furnace through the several zones give up their heat to the air
circulating in the intermediate zones, and this air being constantly renewed fills the
room with dry, warın, fresh air, or where preferable with warm and moist air and
perfectly free from any admixture of gas or other injurious element, while the
products of combustion escape at a chimney.

page_text: Where the case admits of it, as when the hot air stove is in a lower position than
the floor of the room to be warmed, or an artificial draught can be got, I cause
the air to be heated and the products of combustion to pass through the stove
in opposite directions and bring the descending current (whichever it be) up a
pipe or flue to above the top of the stove before liberating it. In this way the
hottest products of combustion serve to heat the already partially heated air and
then pass on to heat the cooler. This can very easily be managed when the stove
is very long or broad, compared with its height, and the currents pass through it
nearly horizontally. This Invention is of great use in economising heat in stoves
heated by gas, such as Verity's gas fire, Fletcher's or Bunsens burner, or other gas
furnace or oil flame, and is also useful for ordinary fuel stoves.
The outside contour of the stove may be made to represent a lighthouse, a Swiss
châlet, or other form of structure as may be found convenient or desirable.
Dated thin with day of March 19QA

page_text: I, FREDERIC WOOD, of Wexford in the County of Wexford, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR HEATING
AIR WITH OR WITHOUT THE EVAPORATION OF WATER THEREWITH" and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This Invention has for its object a new or improved form of gas or other stoves,
in which air from outside the building, or from the room to be warmed, is passed
through circulating flues surrounded or nearly surrounded by the products of
combustion, and is then passed into the room to be warmed, either in a warm and
dry state, or in a warm and moist condition, the products of combustion passing out
by a chimney.
The Drawings filed herewith are taken from an actual stove made in accordance
with my Invention, and are elevations taken on two sides at right angles to each
other showing the stove complete, except that the nearest covering plate has been
removed in each case to show the interior.
In these A is the exterior framework of the stove, it can be cylindrical, cubical,
parallelopipidon or other shape, I prefer a rectangular solid as shown. It is built
up of angle iron and sheets in the present instance, but could be made of castings
or boiler plate if desired. B.B B three zones or compartments filled with water,
and B' a somewhat similar zone partially filled with water. The number of these
zones varies with the design. C water tank replenished from time to time by
hand, ball cock, or other mechanism, and so arranged that the head of water shall
not be such as to fill B¹ to overflowing. This is also used where the stove is used
as an apparatus to supply hot water for household use, or for greenhouse purposes.
D. D. D. D. water pipe connections connecting the tank C and various zones B
with each other, they are placed alternately on opposite sides of zones B so as to
cause the water to take a circulating course, and sometimes I divide the zones by a
series of vertical diaphragms extending nearly across from opposite sides alternately,
so as to cause the water to have a longer travel, but except in rare cases this is not
necessary. F entrance for cold water, and E exit for hot water, where the
apparatus is used mainly or entirely as a water heating apparatus for household or
greenhouse purposes. GGG zones or compartments immediately above the hot
water zones for air heating, H H H connections for bringing the air from one zone
to the next above. I entrance and J and K exits. The entrance I is preferably
brought from the outside of the building, the exit J is to deliver hot dry air the
exit K to deliver hot damp air, for if the air escapes at J, it not having come in
contact with the hot water is practically dry, but if it be allowed to rise through H¹
into G', it comes in contact with the hot water in B', there being no division
between the air and water there, and escapes through K stean laden or damp. By
regulating the degree of opening of the respective orifices J and K, all degrees from
almost dry to almost saturated air can be obtained. L is a delivery cock to empty
the hot water from time to time when necessary. M chimney. N safety orifice
for steam to escape out of B' into the chimney should the apparatus get too hot.
It will be noticed that the air pipes though all on the same side of the stove, are
alternately in the left and right, and I sometimes put a diaphragm in the centre
between these in the air zone from that side almost across to the other, so as to
cause increased travel and thorough circulation. O is a space left for furnace (in
this particular instance a "Bünsen gas apparatus) any arrangement of furnace
that is thought most desirable can be used. "In simpler apparatus used only for air

page_text: The air
heating, I omit the diaphragm between the various zones B and G, and in order to
supply moisture I pour a little water as required into the top zone only. In this
arrangement the various zones are not connected for water circulation.
admission pipe entering a convenient distance above the floor for this purpose. If
one zone with water be found not sufficient, I provide two zones each with a funnel
and cock, so as to be able to supply either or both with water as required. The
funnel must be so arranged as to overflow when the water approaches the height of
the air pipe entrance, so that it shall be impossible to fill the zone so full as to
cause it to overflow into the one below. P P are partitions extending alternately
on one side or the other from a zone to the outer plates. The products of
combustion from the furnace have thus to zig zag from side to side underneath
every water zone before escaping at the chimney.
The mode of action is as follows:
The products of combustion passing upward from the furnace round the several
zones give up their heat to the air circulating in the intermediate zones, and this
air being constantly renewed fills the room with dry, warm, fresh air, or where
preferable with warm and moist air, and perfectly free from any admixture of gas
or other injurious element, while the products of combustion escape at a chimney.
Where the case admits of it, as when the hot air stove is in a lower position than
the floor of the room to be warmed, or an artificial draught can be got, I cause the
air to be heated and the products of combustion to pass through the stove in
opposite directious, and bring the descending current (whichever it be) up a pipe or
flue to above the top of the stove before liberating it. In this way the hottest
products of combustion serve to heat the already partially heated air, and then pass
on to beat the cooler. This can very easily be managed when the stove is very
long, or broad compared with its height, and the currents pass through it nearly
horizontally. This Invention is of great use in economising heat in stoves heated
by gas, such as Verity's gas fire, Fletcher's or Bünsens burner, or other gas furnace
or oil flame, and is also useful for ordinary fuel stoves.
The outside contour of the stove may be made to represent a lighthouse, a
Swiss châlet, or other form of structure as may be found convenient or desirable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The stove for supplying hot air, damp or dry, constructed and arranged
substantially as herein described and illustrated.
2nd. The manufacture of stoves with air heating zones and flue space alternating
with each other in the height, and arranged so that the products of combustion
pass under and over each air heating zone without commingling with the air which
is being heated, substantially as described.
3rd. The combination in an air heating stove of a water chamber or series of
water chambers immediately beneath the air chamber or chambers, and separating
them in great part from the direct heat of the furnace gases-by which means a
more uniform heating is given to the air.
4th. The arrangement, substantially as described, for obtaining heated air of any
required degree of humidity.