Improvements in the Method of Fixing Tiles and Slates to Prevent Windstripping.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1886.
Complete Left, 16th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 19th Apr., 1887.
RESERVE
IJOYNTONAL DI DUIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Fixing Tiles and Slates to Prevent
Windstripping.
I, SAMUEL HARVEY, of Albert Buildings, Knightstone road, in the Town of Weston
super Mare, in the County of Somerset, Builder, House Agent, &c. do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A method of fixing tiles of various kinds, and slates, by means of screws, in such a
way as to prevent a roof being stripped by the wind, as hereafter described; Holes
are pierced in the head and tail of each tile of the roll type, and also through the
middle of flat tiles and slates. The tiles and slates are laid in the usual way, and then
a screw is passed through the holes in the tail of the upper and the head of the under,
and the two are screwed down upon the batten, or in the case of flat tiles or slates, the
screw passes through the middle of the intermediate tile or slate also, so that by these
means, the wind cannot lift the tails of the tiles or slates and thus strip the roof as so
often happens when the wind can get under and turn them over.
The heads of the screws are bedded upon india rubber washers to prevent leakage,
or mastic, whitelead, or any other suitable substance or composition may be used for
the purpose.
To prevent rusting the screws are galvanized with zine, or may be coated with any
suitable covering to prevent rust.
One screw or more may be used to each tile or slate, as may be required.
In the case of some tiles as pressed ones, an elevation may be made upon the top of
the tile where the screw fits in to throw the water from it.
In the accompanying drawing A is the rafter. B the battens. C the tiles and slates.
D, the screws, with washer &c.
Summary of claim. Fixing tiles &c. by means of a screw or screws (having their
heads bedded on india rubber or other material) passing through the tails and heads of
each tile and also through the middle of flat tiles or slates, as before described.
-
Dated this 18th day of December 1886.
SAMUEL HARVEY.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Fixing Tiles and Slates to Prevent
Windstripping.
I, SAMUEL HARVEY of Albert Buildings Knightstone Road in the Town of Weston
super Mare, in the County of Somerset, Builder, House Agent, &c. do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FIXING TILES AND
the same is to be
PREVENT WINDSTRIPPING and in what manner
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
SLATES ΤΟ
:
This invention is a method of fixing tiles of various kinds, and slates, by means of
screws in such a way as to prevent a roof being stripped by the wind as hereinafter
described Holes are pierced in the head and tail of each tile of the roll type (of any
kind) between the rolls, and in the case of flat tiles and slates there are also half holes
or notches at the sides at about the middle of the tile or slate. The tiles and slates
are. laid in the usual way, and then a screw is passed through the holes in the tail of
the upper one and the head of the under one, and the two are screwed down upon the
batten, or in the case of flat tiles or slates the screw passes through the half holes or
notches also, at about the middle of the intermediate tile or slate, so that by these
means, the wind cannot lift the tails of the tiles or slates and thus strip the roof as so
often happens when the wind can get under them and turn them over.
The heads of the screws are bedded upon washers of india-rubber vulcanite or other
suitable material, or they may be bedded upon mastic, whitelead or any other suitable
composition.
Tho
When extra cost is not an object, I purpose placing under the lap of the upper slate
or tile, a metal plate, (preferably of zinc as the thinnest and cheapest,) having a
circular neck stamped through the middle, thus forming a short tube which passes
through the hole in the tail of the slate or tile, this tube receiving the screw.
size of this plate is about equal to the depth of the "bond" of the slates or tiles.
By the introduction of this plate, if by any chance the screw and, washer should not
be screwed tightly home, any water passing through the hole of the upper slate would
be carried below the bond."
To prevent the rusting of the screws they are to be galvanized with zinc, or they
may be coated with any suitable covering as a preventive.
The foregoing having reference to tiles, apply to those already made, but I also
purpose, in the case of tiles to be made for this method of fixing, having a capping
piece or shield made upon the tail or bottom of the tile with a dovetailed slot running
under it, instead of a hole. This is for the purpose of sliding down the upper tile over
and covering the screw after it is fixed through the lower tiles.

page_text: The end of the slot is then filled up with cement, mastic, or other suitable
composition.
The slot would be formed in the pressing mould, by means of a sliding piece of
inetal the sectional shape of the slot.
.
In the case of some tiles made by pressure a diamond shaped projection may be
formed upon the tail of the tile to throw the water from the screw; a watertight joint
being formed between the screw and the tile as before described.
One screw or more may be used to each tile, or slate, as may be required; in the
case of double roll tiles one between each roll.
When it is necessary to take out a broken slate to put in a new one, I get to it as
follows. At certain distances apart are inserted what I shall call "key slates " having
narrow strips cut off the sides of the upper half of the slate equal to the size of the
half hole or notch. This allows the "key slate" to be drawn down and thus release
the others near it. The same will apply to flat tiles.
The hip and ridge tiles may be fixed by the same method as the slates and tiles.
Although screws are mentioned for fixing, (as preferable,) for this invention, flat
headed nails may be used as lessening the cost.
Fig. 1, is a full size part section through the lap of roll tiles-showing the diamond
shaped projection upon the tail of the pressed tile to throw the water from the screw
head, which is shewn bedded upon some composition.
Fig. 2, is a similar section through the lap of slates shewing the screw passing
through the three thicknesses of slates-with india-rubber or other washer upon which
the screw head is bedded.
Fig. 3, is a similar section through the lap of roll tiles, shewing the screw passing
through the tail and head of tiles, with india rubber, or other washer, upon which the
scrow head is bedded.
In each of these three diagrams A, is the rafter. B, the batten. C, the tiles or
slates, and D, the screw head bedded upon the india rubber or other washer or
composition, (as the case may be).
Fig. 4, is a plan of a slate roof shewing the arrangement of the screws. a, is a
batten. b, a slate. c, screw and washer. d, hole in head of slate. e, e, are half holos
or notches at sides of slate, and ff, are strips cut off to form "key slates."
Fig. 5, is a plan of a roll tile roof ("double Roman") shewing the arrangement of
screws and washers between the rolls. g, is a batton. h, a tile. i, screw and
washer. j, hole at head of tile. k, represents the diamond shaped projection upon
the tail of pressed tiles.
Fig. 6, is a part section through the lap of slates-shewing the addition of the
stamped metal plate with neck to prevent the chance of leakage. The plate being
shewn black in section.
Fig. 7, is a separate section of this metal plate.
Fig. 8, is a plan of same.
Fig. 9, is a plan of a pressed tile made purposely for this method of fixing, with
capping piece or shield to slide down over the screw head, so as to cover it.
Fig. 10, is an end elevation of the tail of the same shewing the dovetailed slot
closed up.
Fig. 11, is a full size part section of the tiles, with the end elevation of the upper
tile, shewing the screw head in the dovetailed slot, before closing the same.
Fig. 12, is a full size part section through the lap, shewing the capping piece or
shield covering the screw, and the end closed up with cement, mastic, or other
composition.
A, is the rafter. B, the batten. C, the tiles. D, the screw. E, the capping piece
or shield, and E, the cement fitting.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
:-
1. A method of fixing tiles and slates by means of screws, (or nails,) bedded on

page_text: washers of some yielding material, or upon some plastic composition, as a means of
preventing windstripping.
2. The use of a stamped metal plate having a neck or tube, through which the screw
passes, as an additional means of preventing leakage.
3. The use of a capping piece or shield with dovetailed slot under, to purposely
made tiles, as a means of covering up the screw altogether.
4. The use of a raised projection at the bottom of purposely made roll or other tiles,
as a means of throwing the water from the screw.
"
و,
5. The use of "key slates" or "key tiles as a means of reloasing the other slates
or tiles.
All substantially as described.