Improvements in Machinery for Dressing, Moulding, and Turning Stone and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Dressing, Moulding, and Turning
Stone and the like.
FRANK TRIER, of No. 1, Great George Street, Westminster, London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The improvements relate to machines for dressing & moulding stone & the like
with circular rolling cutters & in which the stones or the cutters are moved to &
fro & to apparatus for turning sides & faces of circular stones more especially
grindstones & emery wheels.
The improvements consist in new modes of applying, combining & manipulating
the circular cutters for producing surfaces (ribbed or smooth) with sharp arrisses,
& angles & mouldings; in the construction of cutter holders & slides; in the con-
struction of machines for reciprocatory cutters & for producing mouldings & in
the construction of toolholders more especially for dressing grindstones & emery
wheels.
For producing surfaces the cutters are generally moved to & fro by means of
a crank-action & preferably up & down in a direction at right angles to the
direction in which the stones are fed past the cutters. This action is principally
referred to in the following description of dressing surfaces, but the to & fro
motion may naturally be effected by other means & at any desired angle to the
direction of the feed. For certain kinds of work & especially for producing
mouldings, the cutters are preferably moved to & fro lengthways of the stone or
the latter may be reciprocated by a crank or other suitable means. When dressing
surfaces with one cutter whose track crosses the arriss, or with more than one
cutter working on different levels, the cutter producing the finished surface & the
arriss may be used to cut in both directions or in one direction only. At the end
of its stroke the finishing cutter when required to cut a sharp arriss is lifted
automatically, remains out of cut during the return stroke & is then brought onto
its working level again ready for a new cut. The sharp arriss is formed on the
side of the surface on which the cutter commences to cut. For wide stones two
singleacting finishing cutters (which can also be used to cut in both directions)
on the same level either alone or each combined with one or more than one rough-
ing cutter on different levels, may be placed at a sufficient distance apart on one
or two slides so as to dress surfaces from both edges towards the middle & thereby
reducing the length of stroke. The cutters which work in advance of the single
or double acting finishing cutter may be arranged in various ways; they are
bowever preferably combined in such a way that they stepcut i.e. that while
moving to & fro they cut the material to be removed on different planes & at
such distances in advance of each other that they cooperate together & remove
considerable thicknesses of material without endangering the finished surface &
arriss.
In carrving out the arrangement of surfacing with two or more than two cutters

page_text: working on different levels reference is made to the cutters employed as Z, Y,
X, W
Z being the finishing cutter which removes the last layer &
produces the finished surface & arriss; cutters Y X W
remove the material
in layers above that cut by Z. When using two cutters Z & Y, the
arranged to work as follows:
2
may be
They cut during both strokes or both cut when moving in the same direction
& remain inactive on the return stroke or Y works only in one direction & Z only
in the other, or Y works in both directions either on the same level or on two
different levels. In the latter case Y cuts first on a level as X, just above the
level of Z in one direction & on a higher level as Y, on the return stroke. Y is
moved alternately & automatically from one level to the other at the end of each
stroke & to prevent it breaking down the stone when leaving the edge on the
arriss side beyond the capacity of Z to make a clean arriss, Y is arrange to travel
on the Y, level in the same direction as Z. By this arrangement 2 cutters are
made to cut in 3 steps. When working with 3 cutters ZY & X, they cut on both
strokes or all three may work in one direction only & be lifted clear on the return
stroke or two cutters work in one direction only (preferably Z & Y) & the third X
only in the other direction, or X or X & Y may work in both directions on the
same level or on two levels alternately in which case they will produce with Z
stepcutting in 4 or 5 steps.
Reciprocatory stepcutting with 2 or more than 2 cutters on separate spindles
as described above is quite new & of great importance for producing perfect
surfaces & arrisses when taking heavy cuts.
Referring to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 3 shows a slide fitted with cutterholders carrying 8 cutters X Y & Z &
adapted to move up & down in guides on the standard of the machine shown in
elevation Fig. 1, & in plan Fig. 2. The cutters are arranged so that the finisher
is between X & Y Z & Y are on one cutterholder & work when moving upwards
(X remaining idle) Z & Y are then withdrawn & X is pushed out & works on the
down stroke. The arriss is formed on the bottom edge of the stone. By arranging
the cutters as above, they overrun the surface as little as possible & come into
contact with the stone when their crankimparted speed is as low as possible.
The method of moving the cutters in & out of action is shown in Fig. 3 into
the two compartments of which the cutterholders shown in section in Figs. 4
& 5 belong.
The cutterholders are hinged on the hingepin a & have rollers g₁ which are
pressed against wedges or cones h h by springs f. The cones are on a rod i which
passes through a bracket fixed to the standard of the machine & has two stop
collars KK (Fig. 1) which coming into contact with the bracket cause the rod &
the cones h h to slide endways at the end of each stroke, thus pushing out the
toolholders or allowing the springs to draw them back out of cut.
The cones
being reversed, one toolholder will move out whilst the other moves in. By
releasing one of the collars K the swinging action of the toolholders can be
stopped & the cutters made to work on both strokes. Figs. 6 & 7 show a slide
& toolholder for 3 cutter stepcutting with 2 cutters. Cutter Y is on a toolholder
hinged on the opposite side to that of %, the stoprod passing thro' the hollow
hinge of Y. Z is moved in & out of cut in the same way as cutter X in Fig. 3.
The movement of the stoprod causes also the levert to raise & lower the cylin
drical plug U. The rollerpin V forming part of the toolholder fits into a slot
in U the two ends of which are parallel & the middle part inclined to the axis
as shown in Fig. 7. The up & down movement of causes the toolholder & the
cutter Y to swing into & to be firmly held in positions Y, & Y₂. The movements
are preferably so arranged that Z & the cutter Y on level Y work together on
the upstroke & assure the arriss & the cutter Y is on level Y, for the down stroke.
In order to prevent the cutters breaking down the end of the stone as they
approach the completion of the surface, the inclination of one or more than one &
the feed of the stone are made reversible. This end of the stone is then dressed
2

page_text: in a short distance with the reversed cutters, the stone is then run back on the
fast speed, the cutters are inclined & the surface is then dressed right through.
In Figs. 5 & the method of reversing the angle of the Y cutter is shown, by
turning the cylindrical cutterholder C through 180° in the swinging toolholder b.
In order to give to surfaces a more pronounced character than is produced by the
intervals of successive cuts, the cutter (generally Z only or Z & Y) or cutters are
made to advance a little deeper into cut at each stroke during a certain number
of strokes & then to recede again. This is accomplished by making one or more
of the cones on the stoprod slightly excentric & the latter with a square or splined
part which passes through a corresponding hole in the small worm wheel m
(Figs. 1 & 2) which is rotated by the worm driven by means of a belt from the
pinion shaft. The rod is thereby turned continuously & according to the amount
of excentricity of the cone the finishing cutter will produce a more or less pro-
nounced ribbed or waved surface. The toolholders described above show very
good constructions for manipulating the cutters to produce the desired effects,
but the movements of the cutters may be attained by other means such as sliding
instead of swinging motions.
The method of dressing with rotary cutterholders each carrying two rows of
cutters is shown in Figs. S, 9, 10 & 11. Fig. 8 is an enlarged end view of the
cutterholder F, with two rows of cutters shown in elevation in Fig. 11, which
with the end view Fig. 10 represents a suitable machine for carrying several
similar holders & more especially adapted for dressing angles & mouldings. In
Fig. 10, the cutters, set to the required curves are shown working a moulding on
a stone which is moving to & fro. Cutterrow I is just taking a last cut & finishing
section 4-5. At the end of the stroke the toolholder is rotated so as to bring
cutterrow II into position to work section 3-4 on the return stroke. Generally
several alternate cuts will have to be taken to complete a double section of a
moulding, the toolholder being fed down for each double stroke, or each section
may be finished separately by cach row cutting both ways. In order to cut
mouldings for which two rows of cutters do not suffice the number of rows on the
cutter holder may be increased or two or more cutterholders each with two rows
are mounted in bearings on the discs C, C, (Figs. 11 & 10) at different distances
from the common axis H₁. By revolving the discs C₁ C, the cutterholders are
brought successively into position for cutting the different sections of the
moulding. The discs C, C, are shown with bearings for 4 rotary cutterholders
one of which E, is arranged for cutting out angles as shown in enlarged end view
Fig. 9. In the latter row I cuts off the vertical face & row. II off the horizontal
face during alternate strokes. The central axis is mounted in slides D₁, which
can be moved horizontally in slides formed in the two vertical slides B, B, which
are raised or lowered on the two standards A, A₁. The cutters in Fig. 8 are
shown working a moulding in 2 sections, but if desired they may be arranged
to work the same section during alternate strokes & it will be seen that by con-
tinuing to feed downwards vertical (or horizontal) straight surfaces will be
produced. For adjustment the cutters are mounted on excentric bushes or in
any other convenient way.
The machine shown in Figs: 1 & 2 for carrying reciprocatory cutters is con-
structed in such a manner as to secure the utmost possible rigidity of the cutters
& to reduce their overhang to a minimum. For this purpose the slide B is con-
tained in guides on the standard A facing the surface to be worked & the crank-
plate C with the connecting rod D work in planes parallel to this surface. C is
worked by the pinion E & the fast & loose pullies F F. Pulley L on the crank-
shaft gives to the table its slow feed in either direction by means of the pullies K.
The pullies Jon the feedshaft give the quick speed to the table G which slides
on the bed H actuated by the worms I I. The slide B is balanced by the weight W.
In the machine the crankshaft is shown on the top of the standard A. but it may
be carried in bearings on a bed plate low down & near the floor line in which
case the connecting rod will lay hold of the slide B by the horn B, placed above

page_text: the slide. Figs. 12 & 13 show a new toolholder for turning circular stones & the
like on the circumference & the sides without turning the slide. The holder is
adapted to carry two cutters N & M set at right angles (or any other convenient
angle) to one another. The holder or cutter bar is preferably made with a round
stem resting on the slide in which it can be revolved 180° so as to bring the
cutter N into the position N, & cutter M into position M, in order to dress the
circumference from both edges towards the centre & both sides successively. The
cutterbar can also be reversed so as to bring cutter N or M to the front as
required. For this purpose the cutter bar is shown in two parts P & P, screwed
together so that they may be withdrawn from the socket for reversing. Or it may
be made in one piece & the socket fitted with a removable cap to enable the
cutterbar to be lifted out & reversed, or the socket may be made to swivel on the
slide. The cutterbar is shown with two flanges against which the screw bears &
the cutters are moved to & fro in the direction of the axis of the holder by means
of the milled nut on the screw. This movement can be effected however in
other ways.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
In machines & toolholders for working stone & the like with rolling cutters:
1) In machines in which the cutters or the stones are reciprocated the employ-
ment of two or more cutters on separate spindles following each other on different
levels either for producing surfaces or by stepcutting & mouldings substantially
as described.
2) The employment of a reciprocatory cutter (or more than one on the same
Jevel acting in opposite directions) for dressing surfaces & arrisses & cutting
whilst moving in one direction only, being lifted automatically at the end of
the strokes & remaining out of action during the return strokes substantially as
described.
3) The employment of two or more cutters working on different levels, all the
cutters capable of being used to cut in together in one direction only &
being automatically lifted at the end of the strokes & remaining out of action
during the return strokes, or which cut in different directions during alternate
strokes, being lifted clear of the stone either singly or in groups during the
return strokes substantially as described & illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 & 3 of the
accompanying drawings.
4) The combination of the single acting cutters as in Claim 2) with one or
more than one cutter working on different levels & cutting on both strokes either
on their respective levels or on 2 levels during alternate strokes, being for the
latter purpose, automatically lifted or lowered at the end of each stroke sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figs. 6 & 7.
5) The arrangement of cutters in rows (two or more cutters in each row) so
that they cut in both or in opposite directions the cutterrows being mounted on
toolholders which are rotated for bringing the cutterrows alternately or suc-
cessively into action for producing surfaces mouldings & angles substantially as
described with reference to Figs. 8 & 9.
6) The construction of cutterholders in which two or more cutters may be moved
in & out of cut either simultaneously or alternately as described with reference to
Figs. 3, 4 & 5.
7) The construction of cutterholders in which one cutter can be used to cut
in both directions or one way only & one (or more than one) is moved from one
level to another to cut on alternate strokes substantially as described with reference
to Figs. 6 & 7.
8) The production of ribbed surfaces by moving the cutter or cutters gradually
deeper into cut & then further out of cut substantially as described with reference

page_text: 9) The construction of a rotary stop rod for effecting the movement in Claim 8,
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
10) The construction of machines for reciprocatory cutters in which the slide
is carried in guides in the standard facing the surfaces to be dressed, the crank-
shaft being either on the top of the standard or low down substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 1 & 2.
11) The mode of construction of rotary toolholders for carrying rows of cutters
made adjustable for the purpose of cutting surfaces mouldings & angles sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figs. 8 & 9.
12) The construction of the moulding & dressing machine in which one or more
than one rotary cutterholder carrying rows of cutters is arranged to revolve round
a common centre so as to bring the cutterholders successively into action for
forming the different sections & angles of mouldings substantially as described &
illustrated with reference to Figs. 10 & 11.
13) The doubleended cutterholder with 2 cutters set at an angle (preferably a
right angle) to each other & constructed & held on a slide in such a manner that
the holder can be reversed so as to bring either the one or other cutter into
action more especially for dressing the circumference & both sides of grindstones
& the like, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 12 & 13, of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this Fourth day of March 180Q