In- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING ⚫ PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Saxon Snell, of Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Architect, for the Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING
⚫ PURPOSES,"
Sealed the 28th July 1874, and dated the 29th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Saxon Snell'at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th January 1874.
'
I, HENRY SAXON SNELL, of Southampton Buildings; in the County of
Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said- Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES OR APPARATUS FOR
HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention of improvements in the construction of.
stoves or apparatus for heating purposes is to economize and utilize the
heat evolved from the burning fuel in the grate or fire by causing the
greater part of it to be abstracted from the heated gases on their passage
to the chimney, and also to take up and utilize a considerable portion of

page_text: the heat that is absorbed by the back and sides of the fire-place. To this
end the latter is enclosed at back, at the sides, and at the top with a
water chamber, through which water from a reservoir placed above is
made to circulate and pass into a system of tubular heating vessels,
among which air that may be brought from outside the room is made to
circulate or pass before it is allowed to escape into the room.
The flue which carries the gaseous products of combustion from the
fire-place to the chimney is composed of two or more flue tubes, which
are surrounded by water, so that the heat may be taken or abstracted
from the gases before they escape into the chimney. All these water
spaces of the different parts of the apparatus may be made to com-
municate with each other, so that a perfect circulation of the water is
maintained throughout the whole apparatus.
An air chamber may be made below the apparatus, and air admitted
thereto from the external atmosphere, and be allowed to rise up among 1
the water tubes, whereby it will be warmed, but can never be burned or
scorched, as the water tubes can never be above the temperature of
boiling water.
The whole apparatus is enclosed within an ornamental casing or
envelope, and if placed so as to project into the room it will give 2
out a large amount of heat with the consumption of a comparatively
small amount of fuel.
By arranging the water tubes a little distance from the rest of the
apparatus the latter may be made to warm two adjoining rooms, the
stove being placed in one and the water tubes in the other.
2
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Saxon Snell in the Great Seal Patent Offico
on the 29th July 1874.
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
SAXON SNELL, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Architect, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in

page_text: the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Saxon Snell, Her
special licence that I, the said Henry Saxon Snell, my executors, admi-
nistrators and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Saxon Snell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Saxon Snell, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing,
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
- NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Saxon Snell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) :-
The object of my Invention of improvements in the construction of
stoves or apparatus for heating purposes is to economize and utilize the
heat evolved from the burning fuel in the grate or fire-place by causing
the greater part of it to be abstracted from the heated gases on their
passage to the chimney, and also to take up and utilize a considerable
portion of the heat that is absorbed by the back and sides of the fire-
place. To this end the latter is enclosed at back, at the sides, and at
the top with a water chamber, through which water from a reservoir
placed above is made to circulate and pass into a system of tubular
heating vessels, among which air (that may be brought from outside the
room) is made to circulate or pass before it is allowed to escape into the
room..
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn different views of
various forms or arrangements of parts for effecting the object of my

page_text: Figure 1 is a front elevation of a fire-place or stove constructed according
to my improvements; Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same;
- and Figure 3 is a sectional plan view. In all these Figures the form and
position of the outer casing is indicated by the dotted line, but is not
otherwise shewn in order that the water tubes and internal parts may be
more clearly seen. a, a, is the fire-place or grate, which is enclosed at
sides, back, and top by the water chamber b, b, which is supplied with
and kept full of water by the reservoir e above sets of vertical
· tubes c, c, c, c, which communicate at top and bottom with water
.boxes c³, c¹, and c³, c², are arranged behind and at the sides of the fire-
place. The water boxes c¹ and c³ are connected at top and bottom by
means of the short bent pipes c*, c*, with the water chamber b, which
encloses the fire-place a. As by these means there is free inter-
'communication between all the parts of the apparatus it will be evident
that by supplying water to the reservoir e above all the water spaces
including the boxes c¹ and c³ and the vertical tubes c will be filled with
water, then upon lighting a fire in the fire-place a the water in the back
part of the water casing 6 will be heated, and will consequently ascend
to the upper part of the chamber 6, while the cold water from the.
pipes c and water box c³ will run through the pipe c* into the bottom
part of the water chamber b. By this means a perfect circulation of
the water will be kept up in the tube c and water boxes c¹ and c² and
chamber 6, and the whole of the apparatus will in a short time become
very hot.
The flued which carries the gaseous products of combustion from
the fire-place to the chimney may be composed of two or more flue
tubes so as to increase the amount of the radiating surface, and these
flue tubes may if desired be surrounded by water so that the heat may
be taken or abstracted from the gases before they escape into the
chimney..
An air chamber i, Figure 2, is made below the apparatus, and air
is admitted thereto from the external atmosphere. This cold air is
allowed to rise up among the tubes c, c, which tubes will contain hot
water, whereby the air will be warned, but can never be burned or
scorched, as the temperature of the water tubes c can never rise above
that of boiling water.
The whole apparatus is onclosed within an ornamental casing or
envelope as indicated by the dotted lines, and if placed so as to project

page_text: into the room it will give out a large amount of heat with the con-
sumption of a comparatively small amount of fuel.
In this
Figure 4 is a vertical section, and Figure 5 a horizontal section of a
circular close stove constructed according to Invention.
my
árrangement the vertical water tubes c, c, are arranged concentrally around
the cylindrical fire-box a, which is entirely surrounded by the water
chamber b, b. There is an air chamber i, which, as in the former
instance, receives air from the external atmosphere. This air rises up
within the external casing, which is indicated by dots in the Figures,
and after circulating among the hot water tubes'c and round the water
chamber 6 escapes in a warmed state into the room. The fire-box a is
fed with fuel from time to time through an opening at top, which is
closed air-tight by a close lid a*. The gascous products of combustion
escape from the fire-box a by a horizontal fluc d, which as in the former
instance may be surrounded by a water chamber, and this water
may be made to communicate with some of the other water spaces.
Should the heat of the fire be sufficient to generate steam in the water
spaces the steam will find its way into the reservoir above, and will pass
off by the pipe finto the chimney g, Figure 2.
I would here observe that in place of burning fuel in the fire-box a a
gas burner may be placed therein in order to obtain heat from the
combustion of gas, as is well known.
Figure 6 is a vertical section, and Figure 7 a horizontal section of
another arrangement of open fire-grate. In this instance instead of the
water being made to circulate in tubes, and the air made to play around
them for the purpose of becoming heated, the tubes are made the air flues,
which are surrounded by water, to which end the tubes are enclosed in
a water-tight casing, which forms the back and sides of the fire-place;
and in order to ensure the circulation of the water in this casing the top
and bottom parts of the casing are connected externally by the cir-
culating pipes h, h. The water space is supplied with water from a
reservoir e above, as in the former instances.
Having now described my Invention of improvements in the con-
struction of stoves or apparatus for heating purposes, and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the combination
of a fire-place or combustion chamber with a water space or boiler
.

page_text: enveloping, surrounding, or partially surrounding the same with an
arrangement of water or air tubes, the whole being enclosed in an
external casing and arranged and combined as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Saxon Snell, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of July, in 5
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
HENRY SAXON SNELL. (L.S.)