IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: TROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION Ieft by the said Marshall Henry rearson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1880.
MARSHALL HENRY PEARSON, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SEWING MACHINES."
Firstly. My improvements have reference to what are known as " fair stitching"
machines, or machines for sewing the out soles of boots and shoes to the welt or
middle solc.
In this arrangement I provide a curved needle mounted on the end of a lever
which is pivotted on the top of or above a vertical shaft or needle post. This shaft
or needle post receives a rotary reciprocating or oscillating movement for the
purpose of feeding the work, which movement is conveyed to the needle through
the hereinbefore mentioned needle lever, imparting thereto a lateral reciprocating
motion and thence to the work, such movement taking place after the completion
of the needle's downward stroke and whilst it is stationary and the shuttle (which
will be described hereafter) is taking the Leedle thread for the purpose of locking
it with its own. The radial reciprocating motion is imparted to the vertical shaft,
also that of the needle lever is produced, from a cam or cams mounted on driving
shaft or other convenient moving part of the machine.
A light lever may be projected from the needle post or other moving part
provided with a hole through which the needle has to pass in its downward course
for the purpose of assisting and strengthening the needle in its lateral feed motion,
the movement of the needle and that of the light lever being simultaneous.
Secondly. The shuttle is of a circular form hollowed out to receive the "cop" of
thread required for sewing. On the periphery of the shuttle is provided a point
or projection for taking hold of the needle thread. A rotary reciprocating motion
is imparted thereto from a cam and transmitted through a toothed sector or
segment and gearing. The recess in the shuttle is covered by a suitable lid on the
front of which is provided a faced cam; in it is arranged a hole through which the
shuttle thread issues. The object of the faced cam is to operate at suitable times
19

page_text: upon the needle and shuttle thread alternately for separating them whilst passing
each other. This arrangement has the effect of preventing the shuttle thread being
caught by the point or projection on the shuttle.
Thirdly. The thread lever operates above the needle lever for the purpose of
drawing up the slack thread and completing the stitch. I by preference impart a
positive motion to this from a cam.
Fourthly. The presser foot which is employed for holding down the leather
whilst being sewn is attached to the end of a lever mounted in suitable bearings
concentric with the needle lever. It is held down on the work by a powerful
spring, and relieved only when the feed motion is brought into operation by means
of a tappit arrangement.
Further improvements in sewing machines employed for "fair stitching" and
other purposes have reference to the machine on which a single thread only is used.
The loop is formed by a crotchet or hook needle; this needle is by preference
straight and mounted in a sliding bar above the work. The motion, which is
variable automatically, is imparted through an eccentric or its equivalent on driving
shaft of machine, and transmitted through a beam or double ended lever mounted
on a vertical spindle or fulcrum post of ordinary construction, such fulcrum post
having a vertical reciprocating motion imparted thereto as on ordinary sole sewing
machines.
Further, the awl for piercing the material is mounted in a slide below the support
for the work. To the awl slide is imparted a vertical reciprocating motion for
penetrating the leather, and also a lateral reciprocating movement for feeding the
material, motion being obtained in both cases by preference from the driving
shaft.
For the purpose of laying the thread in the booked or crotchet needle I fix it
with its opening turned towards the machine, and employ an instrument or looper
in combination therewith; to this impart for the purpose above mentioned a
direct or radial reciprocating movement.
The arrangement of the various parts may be varied or modified for the purpose
of sewing work other than "fair stitching" without departing from the general
scheme or nature of the Invention.
Fifthly. My Invention has reference to imparting the requisite motion to the
whirl or looper referred to in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted to me
the 28th day of January, 1879, No. 348, entitled, "Improvements in Sewing
Machines," my object being to impart an intermittent and variable motion to the
whirl or looper in the horn of the solo sewing machine. For this purpose I provide
elliptical or eccentric bevel gearing, to which motion is imparted from the driving
shaft and transmitted through other gearing and shafting mounted in a diagonal
direction so as to bring motion to the looper shaft clear of the machine. The
eccentric gearing may be applied at the bottom of the looper shaft or at a convenient
point between it and the driving shaft.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Marshall Henry Pearson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th
December 1880.
MARSHALL HENRY PEARSON, of Leeds, in the County of York.
IN SEWING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My improvements have reference to what are known as "fair stitching"
machines for sewing the out soles of boots and shoes to the welt or middle sole.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a plan looking at the top; Fig. 3, a part front
elevation shewing shuttle in position; Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively front elevation
and transverse section of shuttle constructed in accordance with my Invention;
Fig. 6 is a part plan shewing modification in the aforesaid machine; Fig. 7 represents
construction of elliptical bevel gearing; Fig. 8, a part elevation and section shewing
application of the same; Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 are respectively a side elevation,
plan looking at the top, front elevation, and sectional plan through A, B, Fig. 11.
The needle a, which is curved, is mounted on the end of a lever b and held there
by the plate c and screw d; this lever bis pivotted on the top of or above the
vertical shaft or needle post e, which receives a rotary reciprocating or oscillating
movement for the purpose of feeding the work at f; such movement is conveyed to
the needle a through the needle lever b, imparting thereto a lateral reciprocating
motion, and thence to the work at f; this movement takes place after the completion
of the needle's downward stroke and whilst it is stationary and the shuttle g (which
will be described hereafter) is taking the needle thread for the purpose of locking
it with its own. The radial reciprocating motion herein before mentioned is
imparted to the vertical needle post or shaft e from the cam and transmitted
thereto by the lever i; also the motion required for the needle lever b is derived
from the cam j; these cams are mounted on the driving shaft k. A light lever
may, when preferred, be projected from the needle post e with a hinged sliding
plate m, constructed as shewn at Fig. 6, provided with a hole or slot n through
which the needle a has to pass in its downward course for the purpose of assisting
and strengthening the needle a in its lateral motion; this lever may obtain its
motion from a cain on the driving shaft k or from some other moving part of the
machine, but its lateral movement and that of the needle a must be simultaneous.
The shuttle g consists of a circular form hollowed out at o to receive the cop of
thread for sewing. On the periphery thereof is provided a point or projection p
for taking hold of the needle thread. A rotary reciprocating motion is imparted
thereto from a cam q, and transmitted through levers 7, shaft s, segment or sector t,
geared by means of ordinary teeth into the pinion u, thence through the "picker" v.
The recess o is covered by a hinged lid w, on the front of which is provided a faced
cam x, which is attached thereto by means of a spring y and screw z. In the faced
cam is arranged a hole 1, through which the shuttle thread issues. The object of
the faced cam x is to operate alternately upon the needle and shuttle threads for
separating them whilst passing each other; this arrangement has the effect of
preventing the shuttle thread being caught by the point or projection p on the
shuttle g.
The thread lever 2 is mounted on the arm 3 and operates above the needle
lever b for the purpose of drawing up the slack thread for completing the stitch.
I by preference impart a positive motion to this thread lever 2 from the cam 4 on
the driving shaft k, such motion being transmitted through lever 5. The required
tension is imparted to the thread by the lever 6 and plate 7; the movement for
this lever 6 is produced by a cam 8 mounted on the driving shaft .
The presser foot 9, which is employed for holding down the leather whilst it is
being sewn, is attached at 10 to the end of the lever 11 mounted in bearings 12

page_text: concentric with the needle lever b. The presser foot 9 is held down on the work
by a powerful spring 13 attached to the end of the presser bar 14, which is coupled
to the presser foot 9 at 15, and relieved only when the feed motion is brought into
operation through the medium of tappit arrangement 16 described in the
Specification of the Letters Patent granted to me the 28th January 1879, No. 348,
entitled "Improvements in Sewing Machines."
My further improvements in sewing machines employed for "fair stitching" and
other purposes have reference to the machine on which a single thread only is used,
and are shewn at Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12.
The loop is formed by a crotchet or hooked needle 17, which is by preference
straight and mounted in a sliding bar 18 above the work. The motion, which is
variable automatically, is imparted from an eccentric 19 or its equivalent and
transmitted through connecting rod 20 and beam 21; this beam or lever 21 is
mounted on a vertical spindle or fulcrum post 22 having a vertical reciprocating
motion imparted thereto as on ordinary sole sewing machines. The variable
movement of the fulcrum post 22 is produced by the variable thickness of leather
through the presser foot and bar 23 acting upon the arm 24 having thereon the
adjustable collar 25, which arrest at any required time the downward movement of
the fulcrum post 22 through the medium of the stop or projecting piece 26. The
upward movement of the fulcrum post 22 is arrested by the check nuts 27 coming
in contact with the boss 28 on the framework. Until the upward or downward
movement of the fulcrum post is arrested no motion is transmitted through the
beam or lever 21 to the needle bar 18. The cast off arrangement may be of
ordinary construction.
Further, the awl 29 for piercing the material is mounted and fixed in a slide 30
below the support or table 31 which carries the work. To the awl slide 30 is
imparted a vertical movement for piercing the work, which is produced by a cam 32
on the driving shaft 33 through the medium of levers 34, shaft 35, and connecting
rod 36. With this vertical movement a lateral reciprocating motion for feeding the
material is imparted to the awl 29, this motion being produced by the cam 37
through the medium of the levers 38, shaft 39, and connecting rod 40. For the
purpose of laying the thread in the booked or crotchet needle 17 I fix the needle
with its opening turned towards the machine, and employ an instrument or looper
41 in combination therewith, through which the thread is passed. To this looper 41
a direct, radial, or angular movement may be imparted for the purpose of bringing
the thread into the required position to be acted upon by the needle 17. This
operation may be effected by the angular movement produced by the cam or
eccentric 42 on the bar 43 to which the looper is attached or other equivalent
means.
Further, my Invention has reference to imparting the requisite motion to the
wheel or looper referred to in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted to me
the 28th day of January, 1879, No. 348, entitled "Improvements in Sewing
Machines."
My object being to impart a variable motion to the whirl or looper in the horn
of the sole sewing machine. My arrangement is shewn at Figs. 7 and 8.
The horn is shewn at 44, and for the purposes above named I provide the
eccentric elliptical bevel gearing 45, to which motion is imparted from the driving
shaft of the machine and transmitted through bevel gearing 46 and shafting 47
mounted in bearings on the framework in a diagonal direction, as shewn, so as to
bring motion to the looper shaft 48 clear of the framework of the sewing machine.
The eccentric elliptical gearing 45 may be applied either at the bottom of the
looper shaft 48 or at any convenient point between it and the driving shaft.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and described, with the
aid of Drawings, how the same may be carried into practice, I would have it
understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details or configuration of the
parts I have described and shewn, as the same may be varied or modified without

page_text: departing from the nature of my said Invention, but what I do claim and desire to
be secured to me by Letters Patent is,-
First. The arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the "fair
stitching" machine, shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and modifications of the same
shewn at Fig. 6, substantially as herein set forth.
Second. The arrangement and construction of circular shuttle having a faced
cam and parts connected therewith, substantially as and for purposes herein set
forth.
Third. The arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the "fair
stitch" sewing machine shewn at Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, substantially as herein set
forth.
Fourth. The arrangement, construction, and application of the eccentric elliptical
bevel gearing and parts connected therewith for imparting and transmitting a
variable motion to the whirl or looper, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Marshall Henry Pearson, have hereunto set
my band and seal, this Twenty third day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.