CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL IN THE GENERATION AND TREATING OF STEAM
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Beattie, of Lawn Place South,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL IN THE GENERATION
AND TREATING OF STEAM."
Sealed the 2nd April 1858, and dated the 11th January 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Beattie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th January 1858.
I, JOSEPH BEATTIE, of Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL IN THE GENERATION
AND TREATING OF STEAM" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the arrangement and combination
of two or more furnaces and a combustion chamber or chambers with
apparatus for supplying cold and heated air (together or separate) and
steam for the purpose of promoting a more perfect combustion for
generating stcam.
Secondly, in the arrangement and combination of a steam receiver
or steam receivers with the combustion chamber or chambers, or

page_text: partly with the combustion chanıber or chambers and partly with the
boiler, or wholly with the boiler, for the purpose of heating and ex-
panding the steam during its passage from the boiler to the cylinder.
Thirdly, in the arrangement and combination of apparatus with the
tender or other water tank for the purpose of condensing the steam,
and cooling or reducing the temperature of the water in which the
steam has been condensed after its escape from the steam cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Beattie in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOSEPH BEATTIE, of Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of January in the year
of our. Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph Beattie, Her special licence that I,
the said Joseph Beattie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joseph Beattie, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR
ECONOMIZING FUEL IN THE GENERATION AND TREATING OF STEAM," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Beattie, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that .I, the said Joseph Beattie, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My improvements for economising fuel in the generation of steam
as applied to locomotive steam engines are shewn at and will be under-
stood by reference to Figure 1, Sheet 1, in the Drawings; and consists,
firstly, in the arrangement and combination of two furnaces and three
combustion chambers. One chamber A, is situated between the large
and small furnaces B, and C; and placed within the large one C, there
are tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, leading from the furnace B, through the water
space 2, 2, into the chamber A; and the tubes 3, 3, 3, 3, through the
water space of the chamber A, leading into the furnace C, connects the
furnace B, the combustion chamber A, and furnace C, together. There
are two combustion chambers D, and E, attached to and situated
between the short cylindrical tubular boilers F, and G, and connected
with the furnace C, by tubes leading from C, into the chamber D. The
two combustion chambers D, and E, are in connection with each other
by the short piece of tubular boiler E, which will allow the flame and
heated gases to pass through into the chamber E, and from thence
through the tubes into the next and more distant boiler G, and into the
sinoke box I, where there is a chamber formed and situated in the
upper part at J, into which the gases may ascend by means of tubes or
perforations in the bottom plate, and from thence are drawn off by the
pipe a, a, a, into which the air pipe b, is inserted, having a trumpet
mouth K; and the other end of the pipe at a³, terminates in the air-
tight receiver or chamber L, which communicates with the air-tight
ash pan M, by a long slot or opening running the entire length along the
bottom, and which can be closed or opened, or partially opened, by a flap
or sort of throttle valve c. The air, which has been heated in its passage
through the air pipe a,.a, by the gases from the smoke box, and a jet
of steam discharged from the blast pipe d, by the pipes d², d², is allowed
to enter into the air-tight ash pan by the engine driver opening the
flap or throttle valve c, in the bottom of the chamber L, and he is
thereby enabled to admit the necessary. quantity for supporting com-

page_text: bustion in the fire boxes B, and C, and the combustion chanıber A. Or
hy another arrangement the air and gases may be admitted into the
air-tight ash pan M, and combustion chamber A, and ash pan of the
fire box B, by having pipes e, e, leading from the bottom of the receiver
L, with branches e, e, entering into the air-tight ash pan M, and com-
bustion chamber A, and terminating in the ash pan N, of fire box B.
The quantity of mixed heated air, gases, &c. to be admitted into the
ash pans M and N, and chamber A, can be regulated by a slide valve
or flap covering the ends of the pipes e, in the bottom of the receiver
L, in a similar manner as before described. There are pipes f, leading
from the receiver L, into the combustion chamber D, and fitted with
suitable valves to allow any required quantity of the heated air and
gases to be admitted into such combustion chamber, and there brought
into immediate contact with the flame and gases issuing from the coal
and coke in the fire boxes B, and C, into the combustion chamber D.
The blower or air pipe b, b, is provided with valves (or cocks may be
used), to enable the engine driver to admit the requisite quantity of
atmospheric air; or the blower pipe b, b, nay be situated towards the
top of the smoke box, as shewn in Figures 19, and 20, Sheet 2, having
the pipes 6, loading into them from the chamber situated in the smoko
box, as before described.
It will be readily understood that the blow pipes a, a, will receive a
current of fresh air, which will pass towards the chamber L, where the
heated gas from the smoke box, atmospheric air, and jets of steam from
tho blast pipe, will be mixed before entering into the remaining portions
of the pipes b, b, leading to the air-tight ash pan M.
By another arrangement, as shewn in Figure 23, Sheet 2, the
atmospheric air can be heated whilst passing through the main pipe a, a, a,
by the application of a fan in connection with the smoke box I, and
driven either by a band from the leading axlo of the locomotive engine,
or by other suitable gearing, and the heated gases may be taken either
from the chamber J, situated in the top of the smoke box, as before
described, or taken directly by the fan out of the smoke box by means
of the trumpet mouth pipe n.
.
The fan is made air-tight, but is provided with a suitable central

page_text: valve at the side, which can be opened by the engine driver to admit
atmospheric air to mingle with the heated gases, and be driven forward
to the air-tight ash pan M, and combustion chamber D.
Figure 2, Sheet 1, represents another arrangement of my improve-
ments for economising fuel in the generation of steam as applied to
locomotive steam engines. B, is the furnace for the use of coal; and C,
the furnace for the coke. The furnace B, has a water space 2, 2,
which divides B, from the furnace C. The top portion of the water
space 2, 2, is furnished with tubes 3, 3, 3, through which the flame
and gases issuing from the coal fire escape into and over the coke fire
in C, on their passage through the tubes in the first boiler F, leading
into the combustion chamber D. This chamber has two water space
bridges g, and h, (or there may be more bridges, if found desirable; the
bridge g, has small tubes passing through the water space on the side
next the fire box C, and through the top, to permit the heated air and
gases passing through the pipe or pipes a, a, to be brought into imme-
diate contact with the flame rushing out of the fire boxes B, and C,
into the chamber D, to support and promote more perfect combustion.
In this Figure 2, I show another arrangement of pipes to carry
steam-heated gases and atmospheric air into the air-tight ash pan at
M', and fire box at C. The heated gas and atmospheric air enter
into the pipe broke off at a, in a similar manner as shown and described
in Figure 1; and the pipe a³, runs up and leads into the larger furnace
at C 1, carrying the heated gases and atmospheric air, and thereby pro-
moting a more perfect combustion of fuel.
The small furnaces B, B, and the combustion chamber A, as shewn
in Figures 1, and 2, may be of sheet iron or copper, with water spaces
in connection with the water space of the larger fire boxes C, C, or
they may be made of fire tiles, as well as the bridges g, h, and the per-
forated partition 7, 7, immediately in front of the short boiler H,
between the combustion chambers D, and E.
.
Figure 5, is a longitudinal section of an ordinary fire box C, to which
is attached a small fire box B, for the consumption of coal; the flame
and gases issuing from the coal pass through the tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, in the
water space. 2, 2, into the large fire box C, and are then brought into

page_text: immediate admixture with the gases of the coke fire. A portion of a
combustion chamber D, is shewn attached to and in connection with
the first or short tubular boiler F, but the small furnace B, for the
consumption of coal may be applied; and I purpose to apply such
furnaces to the present ordinary fire boxes of locomotive boilers.
Figure 4, is an end elevation of the fire box C, shewing the outside
or attached fire box B, and the tubes leading from it through the water
space 1, 1, 1, into the coke fire box C. The pipes j, j, communicate
with the water space of the fire box C1; and the pipes k, k, allow the
steam to escape into the steam space over the fire box C.
Figure 7, is a transverse section of the combustion chamber D,
through the line 4, 5, and shewing the water and steam spaces and the
tube plate of the boiler G. The short boilers F, may be made longer
than shown in Figures 1, and 2; and the boilers G, in the same Figures
may be made shorter; and the boiler H, situated between the com-
bustion chambers. D, and E, may be lengthened; and all of them varied
to such extent that the best results may be obtained from the fuel
employed in the gencration of steam. The combustion chambers D,
and E, in Figure 1, and D, Figure 2, are provided with a man hole *,
shown underneath, and a pipe m, to allow the ashes which may be
carried through the tubes of the first boiler F, to be taken out. The
pipe has a cap. fitted, which can be removed and readily replaced.
My improvenients for the treating of steam consist in the arrange-
ment and combination of apparatus for the purpose of condensing and
cooling the exhaust steam, and part of which is applicable for cooling
and reducing the temperature of the water in which the exhaust
steam has been condensed, so as to enable me to apply it for the pur-
pose of continual condensation of steam; and this arrangement is
applicable to both locomotive, marine, and stationary steam engines.
and boilers.
Figures 8 and 9, Sheet 1, shews sections of apparatus, consisting of an:
oblong chamber g, g, provided with a tube plate f, f, at each end to
receive the tubes 4, 4, which nearly fill the chamber g, g. There is.
an inlet chamber h, for the cold or tepid water delivered from the boiler
feed pump, which water is dispersed through the tubes 4, 4, and again.

page_text: .collected by the outlet chamber j, which by the pipe p is connected to
the boiler in any convenient manner. The oblong chamber, as shewn
in section, is provided with a branch pipe i, which joins the eduction
pipe P, as close as possible to the cylinder. The steam from such educ-
tion pipe fills the space, and surrounds the tubes.
Figures 11, and 12, Sheet 1, show a modification of apparatus for
the same purpose, where k, k, is a cylindrical chamber provided with
a set of tubes 5, 5, 5, as before described; but in this case the steam
from eduction pipe passes into the inlet chamber Q, and tubes 5, 5, 5;
thence into the outlet chamber R, and main pipe S, where it is delivered
into the condenser.
The outer cylindrical chamber k, k, is provided with an inlet branch
pipe m, to receive the cold or tepid water from the feed pump which
supplies the boiler; and n, is the branch by which the waters delivered
to the boiler by any convenient connection therewith.
Figures 21, and 22, Sheet 2, shews apparatus for cooling and con-
densing the exhaust steam to be applied to locomotive engines, and
consists of a cylindrical chamber A, provided with tubes 3, 3, and inlet
and outlet chamber B, and B 1. The cold or heated water from the
boiler feed pump through pipe 4, 4, is delivered to chamber B, passes, as
before described, through the tubes 3, 3, and is then delivered to the boiler.
The exhaust steam from the cylinders passes up the ordinary blast
pipes 1, 1, which have lateral branches 2, 2, with the cylindrical
cooling chamber A, so as to keep it constantly filled with steam, which
after being there partially cooled passes by the branch b, and pipe 7,
into the square-sided condenser C, where it is finally condensed by the
jet of water supplied from the engine cold-water pump through the
injection pipe 5, 5. The condensed steam and heated injection water
returns to the tank by the overflow pipe 8, 8, which is also shewn in
Figures 17, and 18.
Figures 16, and 17, Sheet 2, show another modification of
apparatus for effecting a similar purpose. The exhaust steam from
the cylinders passes up the pipes a, a, into the pipes A, A, which
are cast in one piece with the oblong cooling chamber D, and have
lateral openings 2, 2, leading into.the chamber D, which is furnished

page_text: with tubes 8, 3, and inlet and outlet chambers B, and C, as before
described. The steam, after being partially cooled by the water pass-
ing through or around the tubes in its passage to the boiler in the
lower chamber D, passos by the branch 4, into the upright pipe F
thence into a round chamber or condenser E, in which is fixed a jet
pipe 5, supplied through the pipe 5, 5, with water from the tank by the
engine cold-water pump. The cold water issuing in small jets from
the pipe 5, condenses the steam, which with the heated water falls to
the bottom of chamber E, and is conveyed back to the water tank G,
or coolers H, H, by the overflow pipe 8, 8. One chamber only is
shewn for condensing, but more may be used if required. The commu-
nication pipe between the cooling chambers D, and condensers E, is
provided with a throttle valve by which the engine driver can regulate
the quantity of steam to be condensed. At some convenient part of
the overflow pipe 8, 8, leading from the condenser to water tank, is
attached a branch pipe 9, 9, which is connected with and serves as a
feed pipe to the engine hot-water pump, and the delivery pipe from
such pump leads to the inlet chambers B, so as to pass the water
through the tubes 3, 3, where it absorbs the heat from the steam, and
then by the outlet chambers B, and C, and pipes 10, is delivered into
the boiler at K 2.
Figures 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 23,
Sheets 1, and 2, show the
apparatus for cooling the water which has been used in condensing.
the arrangement and construction of which will now be described
as applicable to locomotive steam engines. In Figures 17, 18, 19,
20, and 23, Sheet 2, are shown coolers II, II, placed under the
engine and tender, formed of double or concentric pipes N, O; the cen-
tral one O, being connected at one end with the air-tight ash pan M, or
mixing chamber L, before described; and the other end has a large
trumpet mouth K, opening to the atmosphere. The outer pipe N, is of
such diameter as to leave room for a thin annulus of water, say quarter
inch. thick, supplied from the water tank by the pipes 12, 13, or direct
from condenser by the pipe 8, to circulate to the other end, where it is
drawn off by the suction pipe 14, which is connected to the cold-water
or injection pump; and the heated water. from the tank being thus

page_text: exposed inside and outside to a strong current of cold air will be rapidly
cooled down so as to be again useful in condensing, and the atmospheric
air will at the same time be heated before it enters the air-tight ash pan.
These inside pipes o, o, may be brought into connection with, and thus
supply heated atmospheric air to, the fan apparatus shown in Figure 23.
In Figures 20, and 28, is shown a cooling chamber R, fixed on the
water tank W, provided with tubes 3, 3, 3, placed longitudinally to
admit the current of cold air produced by the motion of the engine. The
heated water in tank W, is raised to the upper part of this chamber,
and dispersed in thin sheets or jets over and amongst the cold-air pipes
by means of a spiral or archemedian screw S, which is worked either
by toothed wheels 15, 15, as shewn in Figure 23; or by pullies and
bands, or by wind vanes T, as shewn in Figure 20; or by a force pump
X, as shown in Figure 28. A modification of cooling apparatus suit-
able for marine and stationary engines is shewn in Figures 18, and 14,
Sheet 1, and consists, as before, of concentric pipes V, and W. Into
the annular chambers thus formed the water previously heated in the
process of condensing is cither forced or drawn through by the injection
pump. X, is the inlet chamber for heated water, and Y is the outlet
chamber for the cooled water which has circulated between the pipes
V, and W. The cooling medium to be used in the last-mentioned
apparatus is either the cold atmospheric air drawn through the inlet
main pipe Z, and coolers, and delivered into air-tight ashpits by any
convenient connection from the outlet main pipe Z; or, instead of air, I
purpose, whenever practicable, to use cold water, as, for instance, in case
of stationary engines, water from a well or other source is to be
pumped through the inner pipes W, instead of air; or where a fall of
water is available it can be turned to flow through and around the
coolers; and in the case of application to steam-boat engines the main
inlet and outlet pipes Z, and Z, must be prolonged to stem and stern
of vessel, and there firmly secured by funnel-shaped ends, giving free
access to the surrounding water, which, by the motion of the vessel,
would freely and regularly flow through the mains and insite of coolers
thereby cooling the water which is at the same time circulating through
the annular. spaces contained between the concentric cooling pipes.

page_text: The apparatus shown in a groop of three coolers V, V, V, constructed
and provided with proper stop valves W, W, so that any number of
Buch groups can be connected with the mains Z, and Za, and that each
group can be taken out for the purpose of repairs or cleaning without
stopping the others.
My next section of improvements is comprised of furnaces and com-
bustion chambers adapted for marine and stationary engine boilers, and
are shown in Sheets N° 1, 3, and 4, of the Drawings, wherein it will
be seen that each boiler is provided with double or twin furnaces,
which are governed by either a sliding or swivel damper under the
control of the stoker. Figure 24, Sheet 3, is a transverse section of
marine boiler shewing double or twin furnaces B,.B, which are divided
from each other by the water space O, O, reaching from crown of
furnaces to the under surface of grate bars. The requisite communica-
tion between the two furnaces is effected by the transverse tubes P. P. P.
passing through the water space O, O. Figure 25, shows a similar pair
of furnaces, excepting that the dividing water space reaches to bottom
of ashpit. Figures 27 and 28, Sheet 3, are transverse and longitudinal
sections of twin-furnaces B, B, having a water space mid-feather O, O,
reaching just below the grate bars, and an opening P, P, about full
length of grate bars, as a communication between the two furnaces.
The transverse bridge F, in this section is a water space extending from
the ashpit to the crown of the furnaces, and fitted with tubes 3, 3, 3, in
upper part for mixing and transmitting the flame and gases to com-
bustion chamber behind. Figure 31, Sheet 4, shews a transverse
section of a high pressure or stationary boiler with twin-furnaces sepa-
rated by a water space O, O, which has a longitudinal aperture P, P,
forming the means of communication. Figure 30, Sheet 4, shews how
the division of and communication with each pair of furnaces can be
effected by means of horizontal tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, fixed at each end in
chambers Q, connected with boiler; and Figure 32, shows how the
same object can be effected by means of perpendicular tubes 2, 2,
which may either extend from top to bottom of furnaces, or may be
fixed at the lower end to an. horizontal chamber placed below the grate
bars. Figure 6, Sheet 1, shews a transverse section of a triple furnace,
.

page_text: having water space longitudinal divisions o, o, o, of sufficient height
above the level of fuel, the upper spaces P, P, being open, and affording
a full communication between the furnaces. By an extension of this
plan the boilers may contain 4, 5, or more furnaces. Figure 26,
Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section of marine boiler corresponding with
transverse section, Figures 24, and 25, wherein p, p, p, are the
communication tubes through the mid feather O, O; and R, is a water
space bridge. S, is a fire tile damper fixed to a vertical shaft 4, which
by means of the bevil wheels 5, 5, and horizontal shaft 6, can be turned
at pleasure by the stoker, so as to alternately close up the end of each
furnace, or when necessary to leave both with free access to combustion
chamber D. a, a, a, shews the main pipe conveying the mixed gases
and atmospheric air, as before described, from smoke.box, &c., and
upon which pipe are numerous holes or jets 2, 2, 2, 2, which are
intended to distribute the gases under either or both grates by means
of the lever 7, which may either act simultaneously with or independent
of the damper S. Figure 29, Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section of
boiler corresponding to lateral sections, Figure 27; in this Figure the
division of furnace is effected by the water space O, O, having an opening.
P, P, for the mutual passing of flame and gases. The bridge .R, is of
fire bricks, and behind are placed two fire tile dampers S, S, one of
which is fixed upon each end of and raised or depressed by the double
ended lever V, and fixed upon and worked by the horizontal shaft b, b.
Beyond the bridge R, is a water space or fire tile partition U, U,
forming a chamber T, for the admission of the mixed gases and air
from main pipe a, a, a; it also acts as a protector for the damper
machinery. The upper surface of partition U, U, is pierced with
numerous small holes or tubes 2, 2, 2, 2, which are for the purpose of
equally diffusing the mixed gases through the combustion chamber
D. W, W, W, W, are cylindrical or other shaped cones, made.of fire
clay or other suitable material, which divide and break up the flame and
gases, and, being good radiators of heat, assist in the ignition of the
yet unconsumed gases. These cones are also intended to be used for the
diffusion of the mixed gases into combustion chamber D, by means of a

page_text: connection with main pipe a, a, a, or chamber T, as shewn in the cone
W 2. In this section the branch a 2, from the main pipe a, a, a, is placed
so as to distribute a portion of the mixed gases over the surface of
fuel in the furnaces. A, is an hanging fire tile or water space bridge
intended to throw the flame and gases amongst the cones. The same
object may be effected by a series of transverse tubes, as shewn by the
dotted circles 1, 1, 1, 1. In Fig. 29, Sheet 3, a similar fan apparatus
as described for locomotive engines in Figure 28, 'Sheet 2, is shewn
applied to the smoke box for the purpose of withdrawing the heated
gases, and mixing the same with the atmospheric air which is admitted
through and regulated by the central aperture at one side of the fan,
and the whole contents of air and mixed gases are delivered and dis-
tributed from the main pipe a, a, a, to the several parts described in
Specification and shewn in the Drawings. The fan may be placed in
any convenient position, and driven in the most convenient manner that
circumstances will admit of; also, instead of a fan, as shewn, a force
pump similar to an ordinary blowing cylinder might be used, and the
supply of atmospheric air regulated as before described. When the
heated gases are used to any of the furnaces described in this Specifica-
tion, it will of course be necessary to have air-tight doors to all the ash-
pits, so as to prevent ingress to all other but the heated gases and air
before mentioned; and such ashpit doors can either be opened or pro-
yided with proper dampers by which the ashes can be withdrawn, the
fire cleansed, and the air admitted whilst getting up the steam.
Figure 33, Sheet 4, is a longitudinal section of high pressure boiler,
corresponding to cross section, Figure 31, and is constructed with water
space mid-feather O, O, having the upper longitudinal aperture of
communication P, P, water-space bridge R, fire-tile damper S, and
hanging water-space bridge A, in combustion chamber D. The re-
maining portion of boiler G, is fitted with the ordinary.tubes.
Figures 34, and 35, Sheet 4, are sectional elevation and plan of high
pressure boiler provided with twin-furnaces B, B, separated, as before,
by a water space mid-feather O, O, having longitudinal communication
P, P. The bridge R, damper S, and perforated partition T, are of fire

page_text: tile, and are so constructed as to form a chamber D, for the admission
and diffusion of the mixed gases [previously described] from main pipe
A, A. This boiler is constructed with brick work flues K, K, L, L,
M, M, which carry the hot gases from tubular portion G, along the
side of boiler KK, and by the flue L, L, over the chamber E, to the
other side flue M, M, whence it is finally delivered to the chimney.
The object in this arrangement is to extract all the available caloric
from the products of combustion, and at the same time to afford greater
facilities for the withdrawal of the gases by causing them to circulate
nearer to the furnaces and combustion chambers than would be the
case if delivered at once to the chimney from the further end of boiler,
The flues K, K, L, L, M, M, may be extended backwards to full
length of boiler. As the furnaces are alternately closed by the damper S,
the flames, &c. from the single opening would incline to that side of the
boiler; but the chamber E, being made of a peculiar form, and having
the sides and crown carried inwards to the same radius as the upper
edge of damper, is for the purpose of effecting an equal distribution
(whichever way the damper is turned), of the flame and gases to the
tube plate of boiler. The chamber E, may be constructed of fire brick,
as shewn in Drawing; or it may form part of the boiler, and be sur-
rounded by water spaces, as before described. The divisional bridges or
partitions O, O, in all the furnaces before described may be constructed
of fire bricks. The object and action of these combinations of furnaces is
as follows:-When the fire is first lighted the damper S, is turned so as
to leave both furnaces with free communication to chamber D, and E;
but as soon as the fuel in one or both is well burned through, and have
a clear fire, the damper S is turned by the stoker so as to entirely close
up the end of furnace which is intended to have a charge of fresh fuel,
in consequence of which the flame and gases from such closed furnaces
is compelled to pass through the dividing bridge 0, 0, 0, by means of
ube p, p, p, or opening P, P, and over the surface of the incandescent
uel in the adjoining furnaces. By this means the whole mass of gases
rom both furnaces are delivered into the chamber D, and E, in a high
condition for more perfect combustion, which condition is still further.

page_text: perfected by the admission of the mixed gases and air from fuel K, K,
and blower pipe C, C, through main pipe a, a, and A, A, as before
described, to the combustion chambers D and E, and upper or lower
surface of furnaces B, B. The action of triple furnaces, Figure 6,
Sheet 1, is thus: By one mode the central furnace X, is supplied solely
with coke, and the others B, B, with coal, the flame and gases from
which pass over the hot coke on their way through the central opening
of the chamber behind. Another method is to use coal in all three
furnaces, and by the proper use of dampers, as before described, throw
the flame and gases from the furnace last charged with fresh coal over
the intensely heated surfaces of the fires in the other furnaces.
In order to give a more clear and distinct description of the various
improvements in furnaces I have arranged them in groups of locomo-
tive, marinė, or stationary engine boilers; but it is quite obvious that each
of the various improvements is applicable to all and each, and can be
used either separately or in combination; as, for instance, the auxillary
furnaces B, B, may be used without the combustion chamber A, and D,
in Figure 1, Sheet 1. The combustion chamber D, or E, may be
applied separately when in the tubular part of locomotive, marine, or
stationary boilers, and the twin-furnaces may be used either to loco-
motive, marine, stationary, or any kind of furnaces.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention of "Certain
Improvements for Economising Fuel in the Generation and Treating of
Steam," and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would have
it distinctly understood that I lay no claim to the separate and distinct
parts herein-before described and referred to, except when employed in
combination for the purposes above mentioned. But what I do claim
is, firstly, the several arrangements and combinations herein-before
described of two or more furnaces and combustion chambers and appa-
ratus for supplying cold and heated air and steam so as to promote a
more perfect combustion of fuel than heretofore in locomotive, sta-
tionary, and marine engine boilers.
Secondly, I claim the arrangement and combination of apparatus for
condensing the exhaust steam, and for cooling and reducing the tem-

page_text: perature of the water in which the exhaust steam has been condensed
so as to render it fit for the purposes of the continual use and condensa--
tion of steam, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Beattie, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
WILLIAM BROOKES,
73, Chancery Lane.
JOSEPH BEATTIE. (L.S:)