matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY MACHINES FOR SEWING OR CONNECTING THE EDGES OF LOOPED OR KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pearson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1877.
WILLIAM PEARSON, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States of
America, but at present a resident of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY MACHINES FOR SEWING
OR CONNECTING THE EDGES OF LOOPED OR KNITTED FABRICS."
I construct my machine with a bed and suitable standard for carrying the shaft.
One of the said standards has a projecting arm, carrying at its extreme a rotary
cylinder, which works upon an upright spindle, and the spindle in a cup or socket.
Upon the exterior edge of this cylinder are a series of steel points for receiving the
fabric, the said steel points being held in position by clamp plates; in the interior of
of the said cylinder is a gear.
Upon the said spindle I construct a ratchet wheel (adjusted by a set screw), a
frame, and pinion, the said pinion actuating the gear, the said ratchet wheel being
relatively in number to the exterior of the cylinder; this said cylinder makes a
double stitch, viz., an under and an over stitch, and this is effected thus:-To the
arm is affixed an adjustable stud which carries a lever, and this lever carries an
adjustable stud also; and to this swings the needle holder. At the extreme end of
the lever is a loose roller, and this coming in contact with the cam which is cut
upon the side, so as to rise and fall the lever. While the needle holder and looper
makes the over stitch it returns to its original position, and then makes the under
stitch, the said cam being cut automatically upon its surface.
To another standard is affixed an adjustable stud which swings the looper lever;
this lever having a round stud at its base, fitting in and actuated by the automatic
recess upon the surface of the cam, which recess is also corresponding in form to the
said round stud. The looper is held in the looper lever by means of a set screw,
while the lever is held in its position by spiral¯springs attached to a pin to the
lever.
At the upper portion of the standard is arranged a lever for throwing it in and
out of gear.

page_text: The opposite side of the said cam to that already described is cut to operate the
needle holder. Upon the said arm is a pawl which operates upon the ratchet wheel,
the said wheel being rotated by a lever which is connected to the shaft working
upon the eccentric; upon the said shaft is a clutch wheel which is operated upon
by the belt pulley, and motion thereby obtained. The tension is obtained by the
ordinary clamp.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MESSAGES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Melville Thomson Neale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1877.
MELVILLE THOMSON NEALE, of Richmond, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MESSAGES."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for transmitting
messages, and one of the principal purposes to which it may be applied is to facilitate
communications in commercial establishments and professional offices between the
clerks and principals, and also between strangers wishing to confer direct with the
principal in the next room without the clerk being necessarily a party privy to
what is said or written, and in such manner as to cause a minimum amount of
interruption and inconvenience. To this end I place the rooms or apartments in
communication by means of tubes provided with collapsible vessels resembling
bellows.
Near each terminal I provide an opening with a suitable cover and a bell, whose
tongue or striker is operated by a jointed arm or lever, so arranged that its one end
traverses the tube, and, when struck or pressed in one direction, will cause the bell
to ring, but, when struck or pressed in the other direction, will simply give way
without operating the bell tongue or striker.
In conjunction with the apparatus thus arranged, I employ devices which I call
darts or carriers. They are constructed with stems arranged to receive and hold a
piece of paper containing a message, and the stems are surrounded by cups or parts
of flexible material, such as india-rubber, which will readily accommodate itself to
the interior of the tube.
To send a message, it is written on a piece of paper which is placed on the carrier;
the carrier is placed in the tube at the one terminal; the opening in the tube is
closed.
The air compressor behind the carrier is operated by the hand so as to force
the carrier along the tube until it approaches the other terminal where it will come

page_text: in contact with the arm or lever that traverses the tube, and will cause the bell to
be sounded as a signal to the party for whom the message is intended.
The same tubes may also be used as speaking tubes.
In some cases iny improved darts or carriers may be used in ordinary speaking 5
tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Edwin Wiggens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1877.
FRANCIS EDWIN WIGGENS, of St. James Street, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING BOOTS AND SHOES."
The object of this Invention is to provide apparatus for expeditiously cleaning
boots and shoes, designed to be used in private families, hotels, and clubs, one
arrangement being for use by the wearer without removing the boots or shoes from
the feet, and the other arrangement for use by the servant.
In the first arrangement a stand or framing is provided in which is mounted a
Crossway shaft carrying a circular brush, and on the outer extremity of said shaft
a driving pulley is attached. At the upper part of the framing is another cross
shaft or tie rod, the end of which tie rod is carried beyond the framing, and is
turned to receive a second pulley, free to rotate thereon, and driven by a winch
handle; or the said pulley may be mounted upon a stud fixed to the framing. A
driving band is carried over the two pullies to give motion to the brush. The
apparatus will preferably be enclosed in a case provided with an opening in front
thereof at the bottom, and into this opening the wearer's foot will be placed, and
against the brush or brushes. The brush will then be revolved to remove dust
from, and for polishing the boot or shoe. In the upper part of the said case a
drawer or drawers will be provided for holding a hat brush, or clothes brush, or
other requisite article or articles.
A useful and ornamental addition to hall furniture will thus be provided, which
may be of pedestal form as an addition to a hall table, or form a table of itself.
In the second arrangement the brush will be fitted up without the cover above
described, and with the brush mounted in the upper part of the framing, said brush
being rotated by banding from a hand wheel or shafting.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF GILDING AND DECORATING MOULDINGS FOR PICTURE, LOOKING GLASS, AND OTHER FRAMES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Bernhard Bohmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1877. A communi-
cation from abroad by Israel Koch, of Amsterdam, Holland.
HERMANN BERNHARD. BOHMER, of 153, Balls Pond Road, Islington, London,
Agent. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF GILDING AND DECORATING MOULDINGS FOR
PICTURE, LOOKING GLASS, AND OTHER FRAMES." [A communication from abroad by
Israel Koch, of Amsterdam, Holland.]
The frames or mouldings being first prepared in the shape required, I gild and
ornament them in any colors in the following manner:-The design having been
sketched upon stone is then transferred to, by the usual lithographic process, thin
paper covered with a preparation composed of mucilage of linseed, starch, and glue;
the paper being damped with a sponge, is laid upon the frame to be ornamented,
when after remaining a short time it is withdrawn, leaving the design, gilding, or
painting on the frame; this being then covered with a fine white spirit varnish
and dried, it can be washed without removing or injuring the ornament and
design.
PROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING SHAFTS TO CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smedley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1877.
THOMAS SMEDLEY, of Holywell, in the County of Flint, North Wales.
PROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING SHAFTS TO CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES."
"IM-
My improvements consist, firstly, in attaching shafts to carriages used on common
roads, and applies to those running on two wheels. The shafts are made to vibrate
on spindles, which are fixed to the fore part of the vehicle. The after part of the
shafts (which are sometimes arranged inside the body of the vehicle, and at other times
on the outside) I make two to three feet long, according to the size and construction
of the vehicle. To the end of each of these shafts I fix one end of a straight piece
of steel about two feet long, and of suitable strength, the other end being attached to
a slide. The case of the slide, which is bored, is fixed to the side of the vehicle, and
the movable part (which is turned to fit the case) works to and fro in it, according
to the vibration of the spring.
It will be seen that by this arrangement there is no end thrust or undue pressure
on the spring, which is allowed to vibrate according to the movements of the horse,
thereby nullifying the unpleasant motion conveyed by the up-and-down action of
the horse in vehicles of this description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Mottram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1877. A communication
from abroad by Frederick Lowe Jeffcoat, of Winchendon, Saddle Hill, in the
Province of Otago, New Zealand.
$$
CHARLES HENRY MOTTRAM, of 92, High Street, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS." A communication from abroad by
Frederick Lowe Jeffcoat, of Winchendon, Saddle Hill, in the Prouince of Otago,
New Zealand.
This Invention has for its object improvements in ploughs. For the purpose of
cutting a triangular piece off the land side, and producing a lozenge-shaped sod,
I employ a bevel coulter with a blade dished on the inner side to be attached
immediately behind or following the sole plate. This coulter cuts or takes off a
triangular piece of sod from the land side which falls into the furrow in front of the
'Grubber," and produces a lozenge-shaped sod instead of a rectangular one as at
present. The lozenge-shaped sod lies flat upon the subsoil upon its bevelled edge,
and it is impossible for it to fall back again upon the furrow. A saving of draught is
effected, air channels beneath the sod are avoided, and loss of seed prevented.
The ordinary coulter in front of the plough may be crank set so as to produce the
false or under cut at present in vogue.
The Invention also relates to an adjustable grubber for subsoiling simultaneously
with ploughing by means of an adjustable lever or beam that can be attached to
any description of plough, and can be used or not as occasion may suit, and can be
adjusted to grub to any depth into the subsoil. The grubber when adjusted is in
the rear of the mould board, and as each sod is turned over it lies upon the subsoiled
portion. On hilly ground the grubber can be raised so as to subsoil on going down
hill only, but on more level land the implement can be used both ways.
lever or beam is attached by means of a hinge joint within the head of the plough.
A grubber or subsoiler with one or more tines is attached to the lever or beam.
A rack affixed to the stilts of the plough retains the lever and grubber in the
position required, by means of which the depth of grubbing can be adjusted from
the handles.
An iron
When attached to or made with a double furrow plough the lever or beam can be
modified so as to receive a second grubber, one for each furrow, and so that either or
both can be used at the will of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Biggs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1877.
Thomas Biggs, of Leigh Woods, near Clifton, in the County of Somerset,
Colonel Royal Artillery. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY POTS."
The object of this Invention is to secure the efficient ventilation of chimneys in
whatever direction the wind may be blowing.
To this end I form in the chimney pot lateral openings for the escape of the smoke
or up-draught arrangings, such openings in pairs and opposite each other, and I fit
over or in front of each pair of openings a pair of valves which I connet together in
such way as to ensure a simultaneous movement of the two valves, the closing of
the one under the pressure of the wind forcing open the other on the opposite side of
the chimney pot. Of these valves I propose to use two pairs, and by preference I
give them a disc shape, and I connect the valves of each pair together by means of
a central rod or spindle which slides in an anti-corrosive guide fitted in the centre of
the chimney pot; thus, under any circumstances, there will be free ventilation
during both calin and stormy weather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUPS OR VESSELS ADAPTED FOR USE IN DRINKING, OR FOR Holding Semi-FLUID SUBSTANCES SUCH AS CREAMS, ICES, OR JELLIES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Layzell Scowen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1877.
THOMAS LAYZELL SCOWEN, of Gloucester House, Stoke Newington Green, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUPS OR VESSELS
ADAPTED FOR USE IN DRINKING, OR FOR Holding Semi-FLUID SUBSTANCES SUCH
AS CREAMS, ICES, OR JELLIES."
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of cups or vessels specially
adapted for use at soirées, garden parties, and on occasions when it is required to
hold the cup or vessel with one hand while drinking, and also by invalids and by
persons in ships at sea, without the risk of spilling liquid as usual when the ordinary
cup and saucer are used. And my Invention consists in making the cup or vessel
with a hollow base or receptacle for slops, so formed as to dispense with the ordinary
separate saucer employed for this purpose. This hollow base or receptacle is formed
at its upper part with a flange extending inwards, or with such upper part turned
inwards, thereby forming a partial enclosure for containing slops. The said internal
flange will also serve to retain a spoon, the bowl of which is partly inserted under the
flange, which flange may be all round, or only partly so, and may be varied in size and
shape to suit the cup or vessel and the kind of liquid or semi-fluid substance intended
to be contained therein. When the cup or vessel is made of porcelain or earthenware,
the base or receptacle is by preference moulded in two parts, that is to say, the
bottom part with the outside rim or part of rim and a shallow stem in the centre
to support the cup, and the upper part consisting of the upper portion of the outside
rim, and the internal flange which is by preference inclined slightly downwards
towards the centre, so as to facilitate the passing into the receptacle of any liquid
that may drop out of the cup on to the said flange or turned in upper part.
These two parts are fitted together and united as required by means of potters'
slip.
The bottom of the cup is formed so as to fit on to and complete the central
stem or support, and is united to the upper part of the stem on the base by
means of potters' slip.
The handle is fixed to the side of the cup as usual, but is extended and fixed also

page_text: to the outside rim of the base for the purpose of keeping the spoon in its place as
required.
Instead of supporting the cup by means of a central stem, it may be supported
by a handle fixed to each side of the cup and to the base.
The cup
or vessel with its base or receptacle, as described, may also be manu- 5
factured in any other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR CRIMPING, GOFFERING, OR PLAITING AND EMBOSSING FABRICS IN DIAGONAL OR IN ANGULAR FOLDINGS OR FLUTINGS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hesketh Hughes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1877.
HESKETH HUGHES, of 36, Brooksby Walk, Homerton, in the County of Middle-
sex, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR CRIMPING,
GOFFERING, OR PLAITING AND EMBOSSING FABRICS IN DIAGONAL OR IN ANGULAR
FOLDINGS OR FLUTINGS."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus applicable for crimping,
goffering, or plaiting and embossing fabrics in diagonal or in angular foldings or
flutings, and consists in constructing leaves or pattern formers of goffering and like
machines with each end bent or cranked in opposite directions from the body
portion, the ends being caused to take into the chain links of the goffering
machine to enable the pattern formers to be set at an angle in relation to the side
frames, which are set one in advance of the other upon the base plate. The cranked
end of the pattern formers are inserted into holes in the links which turn over at
the ends of the framing, but the pattern formers maintain a parallel action with the
top edges of the blades uppermost throughout the whole of their travel, both while
at work and while passing under to take their places to go into work again in
succession.
The above applies to the lower chain of pattern formers fitted in a machine,
consequently those in the upper chain are arranged in the reverse order to enable
the formers of the two chains to enter into between each other for acting upon the
fabric which is between them.
The pattern formers according to the second part of my Invention have hinged
projections at their ends, which projections are caused to engage into the links of
the chain to enable the blades to adjust themselves to any irregularities while the
links are passing round the pinions at the ends of the frames.
The pattern formers may be shaped like knife blades, straight from end to end,
or of curved, or wavy, or notched form, according to the design or finish of the
work desired; or they may be of round or other shaped wire, especially when
goffering or flutings only has to be done.
The work as it leaves the apparatus may travel into a sewing machine for
sewing the folds down upon each other, or the sewing may be effected afterwards,
as desired, either as straight or as cross sewings to represent quiltings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING NUTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rudd Oswald and David
Summerville at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November
1877.
WILLIAM RUDD OSWALD and DAVID SUMMERVILLE, both of Woolston, in the
County of Hants. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING NUTS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in locking nuts.
In the side of an ordinary screw nut a hole is drilled through into the bolt hole,
and it is tapped to receive a small screw plug or set screw. Into the hole beneath
the plug or set screw piece of metal is inserted, and the nut is tapped, or has a
screw thread cut within it in the usual way, the piece of metal in the side hole
taking its portion of the thread.
When the nut is upon the bolt it can be locked fast in any position by screwing
in the plug or set screw at the side.
For nuts of large size two or more locks may be provided.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COP' TUBE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Eastwood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1877.
CHARLES EASTWOOD, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Woollen Spinner.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COP' TUBE."
'
This Invention relates to tubes to be placed upon spindles on which cops are to
be wound and my new or improved tube is formed of tin, steel, or other suitable
metal having a bell or conically shaped bottom, the tube being made out of one piece
of metal either by rolling or other ordinary process of manufacture, by which
means they can be produced at a cheaper rate than heretofore, besides being con-
siderably more durable and efficient than those now in use.
AN IMPROVED FLASK AND SYRINGE COMBINED
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon and
Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED FLASK
AND SYRINGE COMBINED." A communication from abroad by Elie Lothon,
of 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, Glassware Merchant.
Sealed the 29th December 1877, and dated the 11th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1877.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, Loudon, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. "AN IMPROVED FLASK AND SYRINGE COMBINED." [A communication from
abroad by Elie Lothon, of 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, Glassware Merchant.]
This Invention of an improved flask and syringe combined consists in combining
a flask, more particularly a pocket flask and such as are used for medical purposes,
with a syringe, in such a manner that when not in use the latter is always
contained securely within the flask; and when required for use the said syringe
whilst still in the flask can be rapidly and easily charged with the liquid contained
in the latter by a to-and-fro motion of its piston, and detached therefrom, and after
having been applied as may be required re-inserted in the flask.
For this purpose
there is adapted on the neck of the flask a capsule of metal or other appropriate
material with a central hole tapped, and within this hole there is screwed a plug of
metal or other appropriate material, which constitutes the top or cover of the

page_text: syringe, and externally the said plug or cap is provided with ears, lugs, or other
appropriate means for screwing the syringe into the flask, and for unscrewing the
same.
The ordinary cylindrical syringes of glass or of metal, and the spherical or oval
india-rubber syringes are equally applicable for this Invention.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR SETTING AND SHARPENING THE TEETH OF SAWS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Duncan Boss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1877.
DUNCAN BOSS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"A NEW
OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR SETTING AND SHARPENING THE TEETH
OF SAWS."
This Invention, which relates to sharpening and setting the teeth of saws, has
for its object to effect these operations simultaneously; or in immediate succession,
and also to lessen the cost of keeping saws in working order by dispensing with or
diminishing the employment of files, rotating cutters, emery wheels, or other cutting
or grinding tools hitherto used in sharpening the teeth.
The machine or apparatus constituting the Invention consists of a block or frame,
through the lower part of which a channel is cut longitudinally. A cramp is
situated in the longitudinal channel, and between it and the side of the channel
the saw blade to be operated upon is firmly held or cramped by means of a screw
or screws, or the equivalent thereof.
At
The block or frame is or may be secured to a table or bench, and in its upper
side an opening is made transversely to the channel herein-before referred to.
each side of the opening an arm or bracket projects horizontally outwards from the
block or frame, and on the said arms or brackets the sharpening and setting tools
are carried.
The sharpening tools, of which there are two in the machine, consists each of an
adjustable cutter, chisel, or knife, carried by a lever, which is centred at its lower
end on a pin fixed in its projecting arm or bracket. The position of the said pins
or studs, or of the brackets in which they are carried, may be rendered adjustable,
so as to counteract the wear and tear of the levers against the block or frame.
One of the said cutting tools is arranged to operate vertically so as to act on the
front of the tooth, whilst the other is situated in an inclined position and cuts or
acts on the back of the tooth.
The setting tools which are centred on separate pins or studs projecting from the
arms or brackets are operated by the levers carrying the sharpening tools, being
geared therewith by pins or studs fixed in the said levers, and projecting through

page_text: slots made in the setting tools; or the setting tools may be operated by other
equivalent means.
Relatively with the sharpening tools the setting tools are preferably operated so
as to set over the teeth before the cutting tools come into operation, but when
desired they may also be arranged so as to set the teeth after they have been
sharpened.
In operating with the machine, gauges are employed to regulate the feed of the
saw, tooth by tooth, to the setting and sharpening tools, the said gauges or other
ganges being also used to regulate the depth of cut of the sharpening tools.
"
To provide for the different direction of "set of each alternate tooth, two
machines, arranged and constructed as herein-before described, are employed in
sharpening and setting saws as set forth, each machine acting on the back of one
tooth and the face of the next.
TAILORS' IRON WITH MOVABLE HANDLE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Platt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1877.
JAMES PLATT, Woollen & General Warehouseman, 77, St. Martin's Lane, London,
in the County of Middlesex. "TAILORS' IRON WITH MOVABLE HANDLE."
This Invention is for a movable handle to a tailor's iron, and its utility consists in
saving the time now lost whilst the iron cools, also in protecting the hand from
the exposure to the heat of the iron beneath, as now in use.
The Invention consists of a wrought-iron handle attached to a plate of wrought
iron corresponding in width to the surface of the iron. It is attached to and
detached from the iron by means of an engineer's pin or wedge fastening into a
movable groove. It is so constructed that you can draw out from the oven or fire
the heated iron, and without loss of time use the same; by this cold handle, and by
reason of the plate of cold wrought iron covering the surface of heated iron, the
fingers are protected from the heat of the iron.
I claim as my Invention the construction of such movable handle attached to a
plate of wrought iron covering entire surface of iron, for the purpose of giving the
worker a cold handle, and the protection of the fingers from the heated iron
beneath, and for its utility in saving the time now lost whilst the iron has to
cool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Goad Threlfall, William
Wainman, and Thomas Farrington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 16th March 1877.
William Goad THRELFALL, Cotton Spinner, WILLIAM WAINMAN, Manager, and
THOMAS FARRINGTON, Carder, all of Preston, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or apparatus for
carding cotton and other fibrous substances.
In the ordinary construction of carding engine the doffer or doffing cylinder
receives the fleece directly from the surface of the main or carding cylinder.
According to our Invention we apply an intermediate cylinder or roller above the
doffer and contiguous to the main cylinder, and cause the fleece to pass over the
surface of such intermediate cylinder or roller to the doffer instead of directly from
the main cylinder to the doffer, as heretofore. The intermediate cylinder is caused
to rotate in the same disrection as the main cylinder, and in a direction opposite to
the doffer, and is so arranged as regards its speed and position relatively to the
main cylinder and doffer as to give increased carding surface, that is to say, firstly,
as between the intermediate cylinder and the main cylinder; and, secondly, as
between the intermediate cylinder and the doffer.
The addition of the intermediate cylinder, according to our Invention, does not
necessitate any alteration in the position of the doffer relatively to the main
cylinder; therefore the carding surface as between the doffer and the main cylinder
remains the same as in ordinary arrangements.
The intermediate cylinder is mounted in end bearings fixed to the sides of the
machine, and is driven from the main cylinder shaft or other convenient driver,
suitable provision being made for adjusting its position relatively to the main and
doffing cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES, AND APPARATUS FOR THE PROPULSION OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND RAILS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ashley Wilson, George Duncan,
and William Ashley Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 16th August 1877.
GEORGE ASHLEY WILSON, GEORGE DUNCAN, and WILLIAM ASHLEY WILSON,
all of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES,
AND APPARATUS FOR THE PROPULSION OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND RAILS."
The object of this Invention is to provide engine and apparatus for giving
motion to vehicles, which shall occupy small space, be easily controlled, and work
economically.
To attain this object we employ as motive power, with the special features here-
after mentioned, an engine operated by the explosive force of gases or vapour and
air. The gas or vapour is stored in a reservoir or reservoirs under the seats, or in
any convenient part of the vehicle.
First. To provide an engine which shall occupy but small space, we employ a
single cylinder gas engine, and so arrange the working parts that the fly wheel shall
move in a horizontal or nearly horizontal plane, that is to say, on or around a
vertical or nearly vertical axis.
Second. In order to prevent trouble in starting and stopping as well as to obviate
any inconvenience arising from the dead centres, we connect the driving mechanisin
loosely to the driving wheels or axles, and so arrange the engine that the said
driving wheels shall be caused to revolve in either direction at will or remain at
rest although the said engine is kept constantly running in one direction.
Third. As means for carrying the improvements described under the above second
part into effect, we employ (a) a reversing clutch, (b) toothed or like gearing, (c)
frictional or like gearing, (d) belt, chain, or like gearing, so arranged and connected
to the driving wheels and engine that the motion of the driving wheels may be
reversed or arrested without affecting the motion of the engine.
Fourth. To avoid waste of power, the apparatus or appliances which controls the
motion of the driving wheels is so arranged that whilst the vehicle is at rest the
engine shall be occupied in compressing air, springs, or like reaction agents capable
of giving off stored up power, say for starting, mounting an incline, or when other-
wise desired.

page_text: Fifth. To render vehicles operated and fitted in accordance with our Invention
suitable for easy movement over points and round curves, we so arrange the axles
or one of them that they may be moved around a vertical axis in a longitudinal
plane by means of a lever or handle to be operated by the attendant or person in
charge of the vehicle. In this way movable points are not required.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GENERATING HEAT
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Young, the Younger, of Kelly, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GENERATING
HEAT."
Sealed the 20th April 1877, and dated the 15th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1877:
JAMES YOUNG, the Younger, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN GENERATING HEAT."
This Invention, which relates to an improvement in generating heat, has for its
object the production of a high temperature in furnaces or fire-places, and to effect
economy in fuel.
The Invention consists in blowing steam through one or more twyers, arranged
in the lower part of furnaces or fire-places, so that the inducing action of the steam
draws in with it atmospheric air, whereby the steam and air become mixed, and in
the mixed state are dispersed amongst the ignited fuel and burned.
This Invention is specially applicable to furnaces for smelting ores.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURI- FYING THE DRAINAGE FROM ALKALI WASTE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cameron Swan, of No. 1, Dean Street, Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURI-
FYING THE DRAINAGE FROM ALKALI WASTE." A communication from abroad
by George Lunge, Doctor of Philosophy, of Zurich.
Sealed the 14th August 1877, and dated the 16th February 1877.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cameron Swan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1877.
JOHN CAMERON SWAN, of No. 1, Dean Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Merchant.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING THE DRAINAGE FROM ALKALI WASTE." A
communication from abroad by George Lunge, Doctor of Philosophy, of Zurich.
The said Invention consists in allowing the drainage from alkali waste to run
into reservoirs, where it is mechanically mixed with oxide of iron or a salt of iron
until all the sulphides in the drainage are precipitated. When the precipitate has
settled the purified drainage is allowed to run off. The precipitated matter being
exposed to the atmosphere for a sufficient length of time recovers its purifying
properties and can be used again for the same purifying purpose.
AN IMPROVED MATTRESS FOR CHILDREN AND INVALIDS.
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jacob Ganter, of Paris, in the Republic of France, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MATTRESS FOR CHILDREN AND INVALIDS.'
Sealed the 27th July 1877, and dated the 7th June 1877.
17.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Jacob Ganter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1877.
JACOB GANTER, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
FOR CHILDREN AND INVALIDS." -
"AN IMPROVED MATTRESS
My Invention relates to an improved mattress for the use of children and invalids,
so arranged as to provide for the immediate flowing off of the urines into a concealed
recipient removeable at will.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a top view of the improved mattress ;
Figure 2 is a side view of the same; Figure 3 is another side view of the same with
the central part opened; Figure 4 is a longitudinal section; Figure 5 is a vertical
section of the recipient; Figure 6 represents the lid of the same.
In these Figures a is a wooden framework of any desired form and dimensions;
b, b, cross pieces on which are set the spiral springs c, c; dis a central space bordered
by a wooden frame e, e, working on a hinge above the recipient f, which is set in the
main framework. The top of the mattress is stuffed with hair or other suitable
material covered with canvas up to the edge of the central opening. Over the
frame e, e, (of which the edges are also padded) is stretched a sheet of haircloth or
other suitable permeable tissue, which forins the centre of the mattress immediately
above the perforated lid i of the recipient f (Figs. 5, 6).
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details of construction and arrangement above laid down, as
these may be modified according to circumstances, but what I claim is, a mattress
for the use of children and invalids provided with a centre space enclosing a
7

page_text: recipient and covered by a sheet of haircloth or other suitable permeable tissue, in
manner and for the purpose substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jacob Ganter, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
J. GANTER. (LB)
MANUFACTURE OF CARVED WOOD AND OTHER FANCY GOODS, THE SAME BEING ORNAMENTED ACCORDING TO STYLE, AND COVERED WITH A SPECIAL VARNISH CALLED 'SUPERIOR POLISH VARNISII.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
A communication
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1877.
from Julius Offenbacher, of Furth, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany.
MANUFACTURE OF CARVED WOOD AND OTHER FANCY GOODS, THE SAME BEING
ORNAMENTED ACCORDING TO STYLE, AND COVERED WITH A SPECIAL VARNISH CALLED
'SUPERIOR POLISH VARNISII.'" [A communication from Julius Offenbacher, of
Fürth, in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relatos to improvements in the manufacture of carved wood and
other fancy articles, which may be ornamented as desired, and will be coated with
a specially prepared varnish which is called "superior polish varnish.” The said
Invention is carried into practice as follows, that is to say:-The articles are first
carved, then soaked in glue ground with pumice stone and polished with chalk,
then lacquered, polished again, lacquered again, then grained and ornamented, either
with bronze, red, or other color.
Articles treated according to this Invention have thereby given to them a very
superior finished appearance, and as a very great variety of objects may be so treated,
the said Invention will be found very useful to those persons engaged in the manu-
facture of such articles or objects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFES, CHIEFLY FOR SECURING THE PROPERTY OF JEWELLERS AND DIAMOND MERCHANTS, AND OTHER VALUABLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Derwas Owen Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1877.'
DERWAS OWEN JONES, of Pontisford, in the County of Salop. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFES, CHIEFLY FOR SECURING THE PROPERTY OF
JEWELLERS AND DIAMOND MERCHANTS, AND OTHER VALUABLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of safes, chiefly for
securing the property of jewellers and diamond merchants, and other valuables;
and the object is to make a safe whose door is hingeless, and capable of being opened
and closed by screw power from the outside, the door having the usual locks and
dowels for entering mortices when closed to; the meeting edges overlap, so to speak,
one another, as to prevent the insertion of burglars' tools, or the forcing of the door
by other means than by the proper key and appliances.
The safe is of the ordinary dimensions (fireproof or not), and is fitted internally
with a screw rod, preferably in the end or back plate, so as to project towards the
front or door end. Over and upon this screw pin a sleeve or socket, threaded in-
ternally, is caused to work by a key or other appliance upon its square end, which
is sunk into the outer face of the door, and to which it is held in any convenient
Inanner.
The door, which is double, carries on its inner face a couple of studs or guide rods
which fit and slide in apertures in the safe casing when the door is drawn out or
pushed in. I fit. a series of dowel pins on the lip of the inner portion of the safe,
and form apertures in the inner face of the door to fit over them, and thus form a
kind of "bond joint" to prevent the corners or edges of the door being forced'
away from the body of the casing. The screw rod and socket occupy a central
position in the safe, and I arrange a series of sliding trays in or to a frame, which
can be slid in and out by hand or by screw power as desired. This frame has edge
bolts working from a lock in the front plate, and these can be operated after the
tray is pushed in, as a greater security to the contents of the safe, the outer door
having lock mechanism as usual. The threaded socket may be formed with
notches, into which bolts can shoot to prevent it being turned, the bolts being
part of an independent lock fitted in the door for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF APPARATUS FOR DRIVING LITHO- GRAPHIC AND LETTER-PRESS MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pollard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1877.
CHARLES POLLARD, of the Firm of G. Mann & Company, of Leeds, in the County
of York, England. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF APPARATUS FOR DRIVING LITHO-
GRAPHIC AND LETTER-PRESS MACHINERY."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus for driving
lithographic and letter-press printing machinery, or any other machinery requiring
variable speeds, whereby the speed can be varied as much as required without
stopping the machine if necessary. For this purpose I employ a pully fixed on the
end of the driving shaft with two or more V's (M) turned into it. And in combina-
tion with this at right angles I have a circular plate or disc about the same diameter
turned with grooves suitable to receive the pully and cause a biting friction; and
on the shaft that carries the plate or disc I have one or more driving pulleys
mounted in bearings firmly fixed to the frame side by which the apparatus gets its
first motion.
By pulling the ordinary lever attached to all machines for starting and stopping,
the arrangement is so connected that the speed can be varied by simply pushing
the pully a little further from or nearer to the centre, as may be required, and the
speed can be varied according to the nature of the work.
The groves will always keep the pully in its place, in fact, having a tendency
to go both ways, and thereby cause a biting friction. The pully on the driving
shaft is only slipped on loose, with a key or feather firmly fixed into the shaft to
keep it from going round independently.
By the aid of this Invention the machine can be braked with the same lever that -
throws the machine in motion, and stopped instantly.
The apparatus can be set either at right angles with main shaft or linable with the
main shaft, which is a great advantage in many machine rooms. By this arrange-
ment the driving is more steady, and scarcely any power is lost in driving, because
the outside of the plate or disc has further to travel than the centre, and by so
Din O31

page_text: doing has a side pull on to the friction pully groves, thereby releiving the pressure
on the shaft or frame side, which is always a great loss of power in ordinary friction
gear.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode in which
I carry the same into effect, "being aware there is no novelty in friction for
driving machinery," I would have it understood that what I claim is, the employ-
ment of friction for driving machinery arranged and operated in manner described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIVES FOR TOBACCO CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas Parkin and William
Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1877..
GEORGE THOMAS PARKIN and WILLIAM MOORE, both of Sheffield, in the West
Riding of the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIVES FOR TOBACCO CUTTING
MACHINES,"
This Invention relates to knives for tobacco cutting machines.
As formerly made and used the knife was solid or in one piece, and when the
cutting edge had by wear or friction been destroyed, the back part of the knife was
rendered useless, and was thrown away as scrap or waste, and the knives as
formerly made were cut from a sheet of suitable material, and in the process of
"paring," "punching," or "cutting," the sheet was cut to waste to a great extent.
These improvements consist in forming the knife of two or more parts, as for
instance, the "back" and the "cutter." The back is made of a suitable form to
receive and bold the cutter, that is to say, the back may be recessed, and the cutter
let in or fitted into the recess, and held there by means of bolts, set screws, or other
convenient attachments.
The cutters may be rolled in strips or bars, or may be cut from strips or bars to
avoid the waste of material which occurred in the former mode of manufacturing
tobacco knives, and when the cutting edge has been destroyed the quantity of waste
steel to be thrown away will be small in comparison with the former waste of
material, and the waste cutter can be replaced by a new one fitted into the old
back.
"
The back can be made of cast iron, wrought iron, malleable cast iron, or any
suitable material, and the cutter can be made of steel, steel and iron combined, or
other suitable material, and the "back and "cutter " can be so fitted together as
to make a compact knife which will effect a considerable saving as compared with
the knife formerly used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING BOTTOMS FOR BEDSTEADS, COUCHES, SOFAS, AND SEATS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Hunt, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Cabinet Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING BOTTOMS
FOR BEDSTEADS, COUCHES, SOFAS, AND SEATS."
Sealed the 6th October 1877, and dated the 12th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1877.
RICHARD HUNT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Cabinet Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING BOTTOMS FOR BEDSTEADS, COUCHES, SOFAS, AND
SEATS."
This Invention has for its object to provide a cheap, simple, durable, and efficient
spring or clastic bottom for bedsteads, couches, sofas, and seats, in which cach and
every portion shall possess the desired and requisite resilience.
Under the first part, I employ one or more flat curved springs made of metal or
other suitable substance in combination with laths. The flat spring or springs are
by preference placed across the bedstead, couch, sofa, or seat, whilst the laths aro
made to rest on the top of spring or springs lengthways of the bedstead. The laths
are kept in lateral position by being attached or secured to the springs, or they are
attached or secured to each other and to the frame of the bedstead, couch, sofa, or
seat by flexible material.
Under the second part, in combination with the improvements described under
the above first head, I employ sliding or swinging attachments or stops at one or
both sides of the bedstead, couch, sofa, or seat, to allow of longitudinal expansion
in the spring or springs when depressed.