matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Naylor Wilson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1862.
I, CHRISTOPHER NAYLOR WILSON, of Batley Carr, near Dewsbury, in the
County of York, Rag Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in giving to the cylinder or swift or to the feed
rollers of rag machines reciprocating motion in addition to the usual rotary
motion, thereby producing lateral as well as direct action upon the rags,
fabrics, or fibrous substances operated upon, whereby the staple is preserved to
a great extent, or is not so much broken as by the direct action or motion only
of machines now in use. This reciprocating motion may be produced by
means of cam, crank, eccentric, or other suitable mechanical means, and if
desirable, such motion may be given to both the cylinder and rollers simul-
taneously, but arranged so as to move or act in opposite directions to each
other, thereby producing a double lateral action upon the rags or materials
submitted thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
July 1862. A communication from abroad by Pierre St. Spés, of
Podensac, in the Department of the Gironde, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," communicated to me from abroad by Pierre
St. Spés, of Podensac, in the Department of the Gironde, France, to be as
follows:-
The hat is made from felt prepared in the usual manner, but of much
lighter weight than ordinary, and is blocked to form, as is usually practised
except that care is taken to burn off with the blocking iron all the
hairs and leave a polished surface. This form is then covered with three
successive coats of gummy solution, (each being allowed to dry before
the next is laid on,) then a coating of varnish is applied all over, and
the cloth, (or other material forming the outer covering,) placed or drawn
thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Fairburn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd September
1862.
I, ROBERT FAIRBURN, of Burley, near Otley, in the County of York,
Manager of Machine Wool Combing, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the transfer comb, carrying comb, or
porter comb motion, and the improvements consist in the application thereto
of a friction box, or pair of flanges or collars, with a washer of leather, india-
rubber, cloth, or other flexible material placed betwixt to produce friction, the
amount or degree of which is adjusted or regulated by a spring. By means
of this improvement I prevent that trembling of the comb which is now
experienced when it is brought up to the "nip" or into contact with the
nipping apparatus.
Secondly, this Invention relates to the nipping motion, and consists in the
application of slide bosses and adjusting screws for attaching the cross bar on
which the upper or top jaw moves, by which means the said top jaw can
readily be set, adjusted, or regulated to the groove of the lower jaw, so as to
obtain perfect parallelism thereof.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN'S LEATHER COLLARS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Jarvis and John
Henry Brierley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th November 1862.
We, JOHN STEPHEN JARVIS, of 97, Wood Street, London, in the County of
Middlesex, and JOHN HENRY BRIERLEY, of 58, Aldermanbury, London, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"LADIES AND GENTLEMEN'S LEATHER COLLARS," to be as follows:-
We make use of and cut or form white or colored enamelled or any other
kind of leather into such shape or configuration so as to be suitable for
ladies' or gentlemens' collars of any kind or description. That portion over-
laying the ladies' dress and that portion overlaying the gentleman's tie, is
single or unlined leather, and ornamented as circumstances or taste may
require. The inner or other part of ladies' or gentlemen's collar is double or
lined leather, with calico inserted between the two leathers at the points
where the button-holes are cut if the leather is of such a nature as to require
the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMALL FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Emlyn Lofft at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1862.
I, ROBERT EMLYN LOFFT, of Troston, Bury St. Edmunds, in the County of
Suffolk, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SMALL FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:
My improvements in small fire-arms consist in fitting the breech end of the
barrel with a small chamber, in which a point for the percussion of the
detonating powder is disposed and fixed, such detonating powder being
contained in a tube which enters the small chamber before alluded to, and
which is driven up against the point, for the purpose of exploding the charge.
For this purpose I make a small cylindrical hole transversely through the
metal breech of the gun, immediately behind the rear of the breech chamber,
which I prefer to terminate in a point in close proximity to the transverse
chamber; in the one end of the latter chamber I insert a screw with a
suitable point which terminates immediately at the junction with the breech
chamber.
The percussion tube is inserted at the opposite end of the small transverse
chamber, and the explosion is caused by the impact of the copper or other
part on the percussion tube, which explodes by reason of its contact with the
point before mentioned. By this means the discharge is effected much in the
saine manner as the needle gun, but with this difference, that the needle or

page_text: exploding point is stationary, while the percussion tube is driven up to it,
instead of the needle being driven into the explosive material as usual.
Instead of this arrangement being adopted in the barrel, it may be fitted to
a false breech piece, and removable from the barrel.
My improvements in cartridges consist in carrying out the foregoing improve-
ments therein, that is to say, instead of placing the detonating powder in the cap,
or otherwise, I insert it in the body of the cartridge, in readiness to be discharged
by a needle or pin driven therein. I dispose the percussion point in the body
of the cartridge, and form an opening or chamber in line therewith, in which
I insert the percussion tube by which the charge is to be exploded; these
I insert at the time of using the cartridges, which are therefore not liable to
explode accidentally, as no explosion by percussion can take place until the
percussion tube is inserted. The percussion tubes I use are simply small
pieces of wire, with cavities in one end for the reception of powder, and
which are exploded by the percussion of the cock or striking part of the
fire-arm. It will be seen also that the detonating powder and tube is driven
up to the needle or explosive point, instead of the needle being driven into it
as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING MUSIC CHAIRS, STOOLS, OR SEATS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Charles Réné Joubert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1862.
I, HENRI CHARLES RENÉ JOUBERT, Upholsterer, of 18, Maddox Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING MUSIC CHAIRS, STOOLS, OR SEATS," to be as
follows:-
A music chair, stool, or seat rising to any height required by means of
vertical saw tooth racks fixed to the seat, and having in the lower frame a
catch to each rack, which, by means of pressing a knob, the catches open, and
thereby allows the person to adjust the seat to any height required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EYE SHADES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Marsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1862.
I, WILLIAM JOHN MARSDEN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EYE
SHADES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in novel arrangements in the construction of shades
for protecting the eyes from the effects of sunlight or artificial light, whereby
they can be more readily adjusted by the wearer, being easily closed or
extended, and capable of being folded flat, and rendered conveniently portable.
The shade is formed of silk, cotton, alpaca, gossamer, muslin, linen, or other
light material sewn or fastened to a wire framework, consisting of two or
three or more curvilinear wires, the smallest of which adjusts itself to the
forchead, and the others projecting so as to form a protecting shade set at the
desired angle to the rays of light. The extremities of these curvilinear wires
are jointed by vertical hinges to the ear pieces, which are similar to those of
spectacles, by the intervention of short pieces of metal jointed at their opposite
ends by a horizontal hinge to the spring wires which pass over the ears. The
vertical hinges allow the ear pieces to be folded over the front and upper part
of the shade, and the horizontal hinges allow of the lateral adjustment of the

page_text: spring wires. The curvilinear wires of the frame of the shade are easily
adjusted, so as to cause the shade to project horizontally, or to descend and
form a peak, as may be desired. The frame and other parts may be made of
gold, silver, steel, whalebone, cane, ivory, or bone. The shade may be com-
posed of hair, bristles, or other material, before mentioned.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING OIL AND OTHER PRODUCTS PROM SHALE, AND THE LIKE BITUMINOUS MINERALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McLean at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd December
1862.
I, JOHN MOLEAN, of Broxburn, in the County of Linlithgow, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING OIL AND
OTHER PRODUCTS PROM SHALE, AND THE LIKE BITUMINOUS MINERALS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus or arrangements for treating
bituminous minerals, whereby considerably more oil can be obtained from a
given quantity than hitherto, whilst the various products obtained in practical
working are so thoroughly separated and realised as to correspond very nearly
with careful analyses of the raw material.
The improved apparatus comprises a number of cast-iron retorts disposed
horizontally, and by preference in sets of three to each furnace. Each retort
is about seven feet six inches long by three feet wide, and one foot six inches
deep, all as measured internally, of a fair oval form, in cross section, and about
two and a half inches in thickness. Two of the retorts are disposed within
one foot four inches of each other, and the third is placed in the centre space
above them, the three being arched over. The furnace grates are about
three feet six inches in length by two feet wide, and three-inch fire-brick flags
are interposed between them and the retorts to support the latter. The

page_text: retorts are fitted with doors of boiler plate, which are fixed by cross bars,
screws, and levers, and each retort is provided with two outlet pipes, by which
the distilled products pass off. The outlet pipes are passed through con-
densing cisterns provided with feed and overflow pipes, and kept constantly
full of cold water; and on leaving the cistern the pipes descend vertically
downwards to the lying pipe or main, by which the products of the several
sets of retorts are conveyed to the collecting tank. A second condensing
apparatus is provided for any overflow of gas or vapour not condensed in the
first cistern, and at a part of the main before it reaches the collecting tank
an outlet is provided for separating the ammoniacal liquid from the oil. The
precise dimensions of the various parts may be varied from those herein
stated, provided that the general proportions are kept the same.
AN IMPROVED NEEDLE THREADING APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th March 1862.-A communication from Jules Fouquet, residing
at No. 18, Rue de Vaux, Vitry-le-François (Dep. de la Marne) in
France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED NEEDLE THREADING
APPARATUS" (a communication) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved form of apparatus by aid of which
needles of different sizes may be threaded with the utmost facility.
Figures 1, 2, 3, of the annexed Drawing represent the complete apparatus
in front, side, and back view. Figures 4, 5, 6, are cross sections of the same
Figures through the line A, B.
a, b, c, is a rod in brass, silver, or other suitable metal or matter slit length-
ways from the top to the point c and hollowed out at each side from d to e
to give the necessary amount of elasticity to the branches thus formed. An.
orifice f terminated in front by a conical entry g is drilled through the rod
in line with the cleft, which from this point upwards is made tubular to
admit the needle h; i is a small piece of watch spring set in a notch at the
back of the rod, and serving to maintain the parallelism of the elastic
branches.

page_text: To make use of the apparatus constructed as above, the needle h is passed
down the tubular part of the cleft, as seen in Fig. 2, until its eye corresponds
with the orifice f; this done the thread j is passed into the conical entry g and
on reaching the issue fis pulled through by the fingers. The needle is then
withdrawn in, following the slit which gives way to its passage.
The apparatus shewn in the Drawing is sketched to double the ordinary
size, but the dimensions may of course be varied according the description of
needle employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING UP WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Rudolph Bodmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
July 1862. A communication from abroad by Auguste Rossel, of the
Firm of H. Grand-Jean & Co., of Locle, in the Republic of Switzerland.
I, LOUIS RUDOLPH BODMER, of No. 2, Thavies Inn, Holborn, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WINDING UP WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," (a
communication from Auguste Rossel, of the Firm of H. Grand-Jean & Co.,
of Locle, in the Republic of Switzerland,) to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to certain apparatus or mechanism for winding
up the main springs of watches and other timekeepers without the use of a key,
by means of a chain, one end of which passes through the handle or knob of
the watch, where it is secured to a steel pin with head which fits into a socket
of the watch knob or handle. This chain is wound round a grooved pulley,
which latter fits upon a bush upon the square arbor of the mainspring barrel.
Upon this bush is fixed a ratchet wheel, into which takes a pawl moving round
a stud on the chain pulley. The chain pulley is provided with teeth on its
circumference, which gear into the teeth of a wheel turning loosely round a
bush of a square stud fixed to the watch plate. The body of this wheel forms
or has attached to it the barrel of a second spring, one end of which is fixed to
the bush, and the other to the circumference of the barrel in the usual manner.
On taking hold of and drawing out the pin head of the chain which rests

page_text: upon or fits into the watch knob, the pawl on the pulley taking into the
ratchet wheel carries round with it the mainspring barrel, thereby winding
up the mainspring, and at the same time the second spring above referred to
is wound up. When the hold on the chain is relaxed this second spring will
turn its own barrel and wheel, and therewith also the chain pulley in the
opposite direction, and thus again wind up the chain round its pulley, the
catch gliding during this latter operation over the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
A tappet actuated by a spring presses the chain into its groove, and insures its
being wound closely, coil upon coil, on the chain end being released. This
mode of winding up is intended to be applied to ordinary pocket watches,
chronometers, half chronometers, and to other timekeepers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENGINES FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Spencer Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1862.
I, SPENCER SMITH, of No. 204, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENGINES FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in a novel mode of arranging, dis-
posing, mounting, and working soft iron cores or magnets, and other moving
parts of electro-magnetic engines, so that whilst each piece of soft iron shall be
attracted or drawn towards and through the hollow central passage-way or
chamber of a helical magnetic coil or series of such helical magnetic coils in
turn, a direct action in a straight line through such coils is converted into a
continuous rotary motion, when the helices are connected with the battery and
a current of electricity is caused to circulate through the properly insulated
wires forming the coils, and the action may be regulated by any of the well
known means for making and breaking contact.
Instead of arranging the magnets around the circumference of a revolving
frame or disc, or in any of the ordinary modes or methods heretofore employed,
I form a jointed belt or chain, or a series of pieces of any suitable shape, con-
nected or hinged together, so as to form an endless band or belt composed of
alternate conducting and non-conducting materials, or materials subject to the

page_text: action of electro-magnetism, alternated with those not subject to such influence
whilst passing through the helices, and I mount or support such a chain or series
of materials so disposed upon two drums, or the peripheries of suitably mounted
wheels, or their equivalents, and these drums or wheels are caused to rotate by
the alternate attraction of the iron links or portions of the chain, motion being
communicated from one or both these drums by means of toothed gearing, or
in any other convenient manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NAILS, BOLTS, SPIKES, AND PINS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1862.
I, JAMES WEBSTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NAILS, BOLTS,
SPIKES, AND PINS," to be as follows (that is to say)
My Invention consists in making nails of the kind used for sheathing ships,
bolts, spikes, and pins employed in ship-building, securing railway chairs, and
for other similar uses, by forming such nails, bolts, spikes, or pins triangular
in cross section, and afterwards twisting them slightly in the direction of their
length, so that whilst no impediment is offered to the driving of the nail
in the ordinary way it takes considerably more power to draw it again,
consequently the nail has a much firmer hold and is not so liable to work
itself out of timber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEARING APPAREL CALLED SKIRTS OR PETTICOATS AND FROCKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Farra at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1862.
I, THOMAS FARRA, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Salesman
for Messrs. Tostal, Broadhurst, and Lee, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEARING APPAREL
CALLED SKIRTS OR PETTICOATS AND FROCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to those skirts or petticoats and frocks in which the
lower part is formed by pleats on the fabric, which pleats are usually carried
around the circumference horizontally, and consists in forming such pleats
diagonally in regular or irregular folds. Also in forming the pleated part in a
piece.separate from that above, and attaching it thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Munn and David Bal-
lantine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th April 1862.
.
We, WALTER MUNN, of Borrowstounness, in the County of Linlithgow,
North Britain, Engineer, and DAVID BALLANTINE, Jr., of the same Place,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of mills
suitable for grinding, splitting, or shelling seeds, or other agricultural produce,
as well as being applicable to the general purposes of reducing solid materials.
Under one modification or form of arrangement the mill is supported on a
framing of cast iron, forming a table on which the hopper and grinding apparatus
is arranged. At the lower part of the framing and extending across it is fitted a
horizontal stay piece which forms a footstep bearing for a central vertical shaft.
This shaft passes up through the centre of the table, and its upper extremity
revolves in a collar bearing fitted in the lower part of the hopper, the shaft
passing through a box within which the grinding discs are arranged. There
are two of these discs arranged horizontally and rotating one above the other;
they are by preference formed of iron, with radial or other grooves in the
working faces. The upper disc is fast to the central shaft and the lower disc.
is carried on a tubular shaft which works outside the other. The central
shaft is provided with the means of adjusting the distance of the discs one
from another; this is done by means of a screw fitted at the lower end for

page_text: raising or lowering the shaft. Motion is given to the main shaft from a driving
shaft actuated either by hand or power; near the inner end of this shaft is
fitted a bevel spur wheel which gives motion to a pinion on the vertical shaft.
On the extremity of the driving shaft, and inside the main spur wheel, is a second
bevel wheel which actuates the tubular shaft carrying the other grinding disc.
It is preferred to actuate this disc at a lower speed than the upper one and
when required the shaft may be readily thrown out of gear by sliding the pinion
up the feather formed on the tubular shaft. The materials to be ground are
fed in through the hopper in the usual way, and pass down between the
grinding discs, where they are subjected with more or less severity to the
triturating action according to the adjustment of the discs which is suited to the
material under operation.
AN IMPROVED TABLE FORK
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oswald Dickin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th December
1862.
I, OSWALD DICKIN, of Middleton, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TABLE
FORK," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that description of table fork usually manufactured
in silver or electro-silver, and consists in the use of three light prongs instead
of four as at present used, by which means a lighter and more elegant form of
fork is produced, and the meat is better retained thereupon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEAMLESS STAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1862. A communication from abroad by Clement Voisin and Alexis
Voisin, of 41, Rue St. Fargeau, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 12, Copthall Court, Throgmorton Street, in the City
of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEAMLESS STAYS," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto all seamless stays which have been manufactured have been made
so as to present the same uniform colour and design, so that it has been
impossible to say whether they were composed of the same or different
materials. The object of my Invention is to produce a seamless stay not
only more perfect in form, but formed of materials not only of different colours,
but of different compositions, so as to be suited for wearing in different seasons
according to the temperature. For this purpose I substitute for the present
materials forming the lining and facings of woven corsets a material of elegant
reps, similar to those used in making Gobelins designs; from this lining or
covering, which has the warp removed, I weave the woof in wool of all sorts
of textile materials, and of different colours. These new stays will enable the
wearer to do without using flannel between the body and the stays. Stays

page_text: formed of wool I use for wear in winter, but for spring and summer I weave
them so as to have the same lining or covering whatever may be the woof.
The double parts are woven of different colours from the single parts. By the
arrangement above mentioned, I am enabled to make a seamless stay without
having a wrong side, and having the same or different colours on each.
ROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS TO THE CHAIRS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Revell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March.
1862.
I, JOSEPH REVELL, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Master
Plasterer and Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS TO
THE CHAIRS," to be as follows:-
I secure the rail to the chair by means of an improved key, wedge, or
packing. The key is made of any suitable form to fit the rail and chair, and
on that side of the key next to the rail I make a sunk or hollow bed to
receive a strong firm packing made of any suitable hard wood, lead, or other
suitable metal; if made of wood the fibre must be made to press against the
rail transversely or vertically to the rail itself. The said packing is made to
fit tightly in the hollow or sunken bed, and also to project a little from the
surface of the key pressing firmly against the rails. On the side of the key
pressing against the chair the upper part may be in contact or quite free
without any packing whatever; but in the lower part I sink a rebate or
groove, and in connection with it a sunken bed of dovetail or other suitable
shape, into which I place a locking or tieing key previous to the main key
being driven between the rails and chair. The said locking or tieing key may
be made of wrought iron, zinc, lead, or other suitable metal or material, but
I prefer lead as being the most suitable material on account of its specific

page_text: gravity, and being less liable to decay or loss in value than any other metal.
After the main key has received the packing in the hollow or sunken bed, and
also the tieing or locking key, it may then be driven into its place in the
same manner as the ordinary wedges are now driven; then I turn down or
bend each end of the locking key against the chair, in order to keep it firmly
in its place; and if it should at any time require tightening it can easily be
done by the blow of a hammer in the ordinary manner, and when necessary
may be driven out by the same means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Walton Whitehead and
George Bray at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st April 1862.
We, HENRY WALTON WHITEHEAD, of the Firm of Taylor, Wordsworth, and
Company, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine and Tool Makers, and
GEORGE BRAY, of Leeds, aforesaid, Carding Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist, firstly, in introducing between the cylinder or
swift and the doffer of a condenser for carding, a revolving circular saw or
roller armed with teeth, so that the teeth shall work within the spaces between
the rings of card clothing on the doffer, and shall thereby effectually complete
the separation of the strips of wool or other fibre, and shall detach from the
doffer all wool which may be betwixt those spaces. The wool so detached
will be delivered by the saw or roller on to the cylinder or swift, either
directly or by means of a stripper, to be introduced for that purpose, and by
this means will be mixed with the wool on the cylinder or swift, and returned
with it on to the doffer, thus securing that all the wool shall be properly
operated upon by the card clothing.
Secondly, in taking the wool from the doffer of a one doffer condenser, we
propose to use a crank and doffing knife of the same construction, and to work
in the same manner as the crank and doffing knife of any ordinary scribbler

page_text: or carding machine, and to use only one such crank and doffing knife. We
also propose to construct the grooved roller which receives the wool from the
doffing knife with sharp angled grooves, instead of rounded grooves, as
heretofore.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTS FOR. PERSONAL WEAR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Emanuel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1862.
I, HARRY EMANUEL, of Brook Street, Hanover Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Court Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTS FOR. PERSONAL
WEAR," to be as follows:-
Enamels hitherto used for the bodies, settings, and mountings of bracelets,
brooches, pins, and other ornaments for personal wear are liable to fly or
crack, and the ornament becomes injured or spoilt.. Now the object of my
Invention is to improve the manufacture of ornaments for personal wear by
providing a substitute for such enamels by the employment in manner herein
described of a more durable substance never hitherto applied or combined as
explained herein, which shall present at the same time an equally, or even.
more effective appearance. For this purpose I employ ivory, which I use as
the body, mounting, or setting of the article thus:-I take the ivory in a
piece, and cut or otherwise form it into the desired shape; and. I combine it
with metal, and with gems, (real or artificial.) stone, or other articles usual
for ornaments, by cutting or otherwise forming in the ivory a recess or
recesses, or opening or openings, and when required, I bore or drill orifices in
such recesses or openings, and set the gem or stone, or other article in a rim
or setting of gold or other metal,, which I attach by cementing, rivetting, or
otherwise into the ivory.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April 1862.
-A communication from abroad by Felix Céléstin Palis, of 15, Place de
la Bourse, Paris, in the French Empire, Directeur du Bureau de
Traduction.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 52, King William Street, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," (a communication
to me from abroad by Felix Céléstin Palis, of 15, Place de la Bourse, Paris in
the French Empire, Directeur du Bureau de Traduction) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the barrels of breech-loading fire-
arms in the following manner; that is to say, I form the outside of the breech
end of the barrel enlarged, and chamber such part out, leaving a long opening
at top, into which a hollow piece of metal is fitted and connected to the barrel
by a pin or screw; the upper side of this hollow piece of metal is fitted with a
nipple, which is placed in a line with the centre of the bore of the barrel; a
swell or projecting flange surrounds said nipple, and serves to raise the afore-
said hollow piece out of the barrel for inserting the cartridge thereinto; the
aforesaid flange is extended so as to cover the openings between the sides and
end of the chamber and hollow piece aforesaid, when inserted thereinto, said
hollow piece being locked to the barrel by a spring bolt taking into a hook
fixed to the under side of the hollow piece aforesaid, near the front thereof.

page_text: In connection with the aforesaid spring bolt is a trigger, which protrudes
slightly through a slit in the under side of the stock of the gun in front of
the ordinary trigger; a spring is also adapted to the under side of the before-
mentioned hollow piece, to assist in raising same when the spring bolt has
been withdrawn therefrom by the trigger thereof.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GINNING COTTON, AND FOR CLEANING AND PREPARING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CLEANING OR POLISHING METAL OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Macdonald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1862.
I, GEORGE MACDONALD, of Pullorghalla Colgang, in the Province of Bengal,
in the East Indies, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GINNING COTTON, AND FOR CLEANING AND PREPARING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CLEANING OR POLISHING METAL OR OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The manufacture of rollers, or horizontal planes, or any desired shape of
compressed fibrous or hairy substances. The said fibre or hair is compressed
by any convenient mode of pressure, screw or otherwise, and while under the
pressure, and still in the press, is cut to the required shape, and secured in this
shape by any convenient resinous or strongly adhesive substance, with or
without heat; it is then let into compartments made for its reception on the
surface of roller or other shaped buffs, and secured in those compartments
with such said adhesive substance; and in like manner each compressed section
of the fibre or hair is det in side by side so as to form a continuous compact
surface. That it is the principle of using compressed fibre or hair for the
above-mentioned purposes for which I am desirous of obtaining a Patent.
AN IMPROVED LOCK OR LOCKING APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1862. A communication from Jean Georges Kast and Adolphe Dobler,
residing at No. 17, Rue du Faubourg Montmartre, Paris.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of No. 17,
Rue du Faubourg Montmartre, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LOCK OR LOCKING APPARATUS," a commu-
nication to me from Jean Georges Kast and Adolphe Dobler, two per-
sons resident at No. 17, Rue du Faubourg Montmartre, Paris, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved device for closing and fastening
or locking the lids of boxes, trunks, and other like articles, said device also
comprizing a means of preventing the fastening or lock from being interfered
with except by the proper person.
This improved lock or locking apparatus consists of a bolt or bar, which is
lodged horizontally either in the lid or the body part of the trunk or box, and
is acted upon by coiled springs, so as to shoot forth and enter one or more
eyes or hooks attached to either part of the trunk when these two parts are
brought home together. Said closing bolt may be constructed in various
ways; it may I have several hooks which are intended to enter the eyes on the
other part of the trunk. The closing bolt, whatever may be its shape, is
entirely contained in the trunk, and the aperture by which access is had to

page_text: it is covered with a button or any other ornamental device.
For the purpose
of unlocking, the bolt is either screwed, tapped, or otherwise shaped at one
of its ends, so as to allow inserting a special tapped, screwed, or other key by
which the bolt is drawn or shifted, and the eyes or staples released, when an
obstructing piece, acted on by a spring, rises to keep the bolt out and ready
to act on closing the lid again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA AND THE PRUSSIATES OF POTASH OR SODA, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgson Hutchinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th August 1862.
I, WILLIAM HODGSON HUTCHINSON, of Newton Heath, near Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Starch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA
AND THE PRUSSIATES OF POTASH OR SODA, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in the manufacture of ammonia and the
prussiates of potash or soda from the refuse gluten and nitrogenous matters of
starch and other manufactories. To obtain the ammonia, the gluten or other
matters are subjected to destructive distillation in retorts made of suitable
materials with lime, or soda and lime, from which the gaseous products are
conducted to suitable condensers. The crude liquor thus obtained may then
be purified by adding an acid and crystallizing by filtering or redistilling.
The prussiates of potash or soda are obtained by fusing the gluten or other
matters in an iron pot or retort with potash or soda. The fused mass is then
lixiviated with water, filtered or decanted, and the prussiates of potash or soda
are crystallized from the solution. The prussiates of potash or soda are also
obtained by passing the gaseous products evolved from the gluten or other

page_text: matters, when subjected to destructive distillation, over a mixture of charcoal
and potash, or soda and iron, heated to redness. The charcoal is then lixiviated
with water and treated as before.
Secondly, in improvements in the apparatus for the manufacture of ammonia
and the prussiates of potash or soda from any suitable nitrogenous substances.
In the apparatus for the manufacture of ammonia I use a retort made of
suitable materials fitted with a worm having a double action for feeding and
discharging, which dispenses with manual labor and produces greater regu-
larity, and consequently better results. In the apparatus for the manufacture
of the prussiates of potash or soda I use an iron pot or retort to which is
attached an arrangement for economising the gaseous products evolved during
the operation and hitherto wasted. This I effect by means of pipes which
convey the gaseous products away to be utilised. The pot or retort is closed
and rendered tight by a lid, to which is affixed an apparatus for feeding
consisting of a hopper or worm. A shaft passes through the lid and turns an
agitator in the pot or retort. The gaseous products are utilised by appropriate
means either as ammonia or as prussiates of potash or soda, or they may be
turned under the furnace of the pot or retort and effect an economy of fuel.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING RANGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nock and William Kirby
Price at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th April 1862.
We, JOHN NOOK and WILLIAM KIRBY PRICE, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Gas Stove Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING
RANGES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in lining the inside of such ranges with glazed tiles
or slabs placed a slight distance within the outside casing. The effect of this
is that a much higher temperature can be obtained with a smaller consumption
of gas, the tiles reflecting the heat inwards, whilst the space between the tiles
and the outer casing keeps the latter cool.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CORK-SCREW
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Chinnock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1862.
I, CHARLES CHINNOCK, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United
States of America, but now residing at Queen's Road West, Regent's Park,
in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CORK-SCREW," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of cork-screw, which combines
the simplicity of action of the common cork-screw with the advantage of lever
power of the more costly double action cork-screw. It consists simply of the
common cork-screw (formed by preference with a broad knife-edged thread)
fitted loosely in a frame which is intended to rest on the neck of the bottle
from which a cork is to be withdrawn. The screw being pointed and of
suitable length will (on the fixed handle of the screw being turned) first pass
down into the cork until its descent is arrested by the frame. The turning
being still continued, the frame will then act as a purchase, and the cork will
be-caused-to-rise-up-the-screw into the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POLISHING PRECIOUS AND OTHER HARD STONES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR. APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1862. A communication from abroad by Victor Emanuel Tamisier,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN POLISHING PRECIOUS AND OTHER HARD STONES, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR. APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication from abroad
by Victor Emanuel Tamisier, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode or method of polishing pieces
of rock containing jasper, pure jasper, and other precious and hard stones, and
consists essentially in the polishing of such substances without the intervention
of polishing powders or substances of any kind between the wheel and the
stone under treatment. The polishing wheel is composed of fine grit stone,
and the dust produced is removed from the stone by a ventilator or brush
slightly wetted being occasionally applied to the wheel for the purpose of
preventing it from overheating. The polishing wheel is mounted upon a
vertical spindle, and is driven at the rate of about 100 revolutions per minute.
It is actuated by a strap and drawing pulley, and the spindle, which is steeled
at the foot, works in a steel footstep bearing. This wheel is surrounded by a
casing projecting slightly above its surface, and beneath the wheel there is

page_text: a species of hopper, which directs the water from the surface into a reservoir
below. A suitable disengaging clutch is employed for instantly stopping the
wheel when required. The material to be polished is contained in a species
of square frame or holder, but is so placed therein as to allow it to rise and
fall freely, and so accommodate itself to any undulations in the surface of the
wheel. This holder, of which one or more may be employed simultaniously,
is fitted to a radial bar, which is secured to the edge of the surrounding
casing, the longitudinal edge of the bar and side of the frame or holder
against which the material under treatment is pressed by the action of the
rotation of the wheel being in an exact radial line with the centre of the axis
of the wheel. In polishing pieces of jasper rock of the dimensions of about
4 inches in length by 24 inches in width and 1 in thickness no pressure
beyond that due to the weight of the piece will be required, but for smaller
sizes a slight pressure should be applied; pieces of a larger size are apt to
overheat the wheel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF LAYING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Barlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1862. A communication from abroad by Thomas Shaw, of Philadelphia,
in the United States of America.
I, GEORGE BARLOW, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manager
to the Executors of the late Frederick William Harrold, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Merchant, do, hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF LAYING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES," to
be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in laying submarine telegraphic cables by
partially supporting the said cables below the surface of the water, during the
paying out of the same, by means of friction clutches or appliances supported
from the ship's side as herein-after explained.
The friction clutches or appliances which it is preferred to use consist
essentially of three bow-shaped springs, the upper ends of which are fixed to
a ring. The free and lower end of each of the said springs carries a block of
metal, the said blocks being pressed towards each other by the elasticity of the
bow-shaped springs. To the ring of the clutch a loop or eye is fixed, to
which loop one end of a rope or cable is fastened, the other end being secured
to the ship delivering the cable. By means of the first-named rope or cable
the clutch can be supported at the required distance below the surface of the
In paying out the cable, it is passed through the space enclosed by

page_text: the three blocks, constituting the friction clutch, the said clutch pressing upon
the cable with some force. By using a series of the said friction clutches the
cable can be supported at different points, by which arrangement the length
or weight of cable between two points of support can be rendered insufficient
to bring the conducting wires to a state of torsion. Although the friction
clutches or appliances described answer well in practice, yet friction clutches
or appliances of other constructions may be employed with the same or nearly
the same effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECOLORIZING SOLUTIONS OF SUGAR, AND ALSO VEGETABLE JUICES CONTAINING SUGAR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bird Herapath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
August 1862.
I, WILLIAM BIRD HERAPATH, of 32, Old Market Street, in the City of
Bristol, Physician and Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DECOLORIZING SOLUTIONS OF SUGAR, AND
ALSO VEGETABLE JUICES CONTAINING SUGAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in decolorizing solutions of
sugar, and also vegetable juices containing sugar. For these purposes I add
to the solution or juice a small portion of the hypochlorite of an alkali or of
an alkaline earth, that which I prefer being the hypochlorite of lime or ordinary
bleaching powder; this I dissolve in water, and I add the solution to the
saccharine juice or solution of sugar; afterwards I can separate the lime by
the addition of phosphate of soda or potash, which converts it into an insoluble
phosphate of lime, which is separated by filtration.