IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING BOLTS, RIVETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Chapman Bell, of Buffalo, New York,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
London, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR FORGING BOLTS, RIVETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES.”
Sealed the 31st October 1871, and dated the 31st August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Chapman Bell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st August 1871.
I, GEORGE CHAPMAN BELL, of Buffalo, New York, United States of
America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Manufacturer,
"IMPROVED
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
MACHINERY FOR FORGING BOLTS, RIVETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to further improvements upon the machine for
making bolts described in the Specification of an Invention for which

page_text: Letters Patent were granted to William Robert Lake, bearing date the
28th day of May, A.D. 1869, No. 1647. The aforesaid machine has a
holding dic, an upsetting dic, and four heading dies, which are so
operated as to hold the blank, upset the metal from which the head
is to be formed on the end of the same, and to compress the head into
the required form. In working with the above machine it has been
found that a burr is formed on the corners of the bolt heads which has
to be removed.
My present Invention is designed to obviate this difficulty, and for
this purpose I use in combination with other "contrivances herein
described a plunger or upsetting die constructed with a circular
recess in its operating end of a diameter equal to the diameter of the
head of the bolt across the angles of the same. This plunger or
upsetting die is so operated that it first passes between the swaging
dies to upset the head and is then withdrawn to allow the said swaging :
dies to operate. The diameter of the head is determined by the circular
recess in the plunger, and the metal therefore under the action of the
swaging dies will not be forced out at the angles or corners or form a
burr thereon.
I construct my improved machine with a strong frame, whereby the
driving shaft is supported in suitable bearings. A follower operated by
an eccentric on the driving shaft is connected by levers and links
to four die holders, to which the swaging dies are attached; the said
holders being arranged in guides to move freely therein and converge
upon the bolt. When by the operation of the machine the follower is
drawn back, the links throw up the longer arm of the levers and drive
toward each other the several die holders, and each full movement of the
follower causes an advance and retreat of the die holders. By these link
connections and levers the operation of the die holders is rendered
positive and no springs are used. For making a square-headed bolt two;
of these dies are of the width of the narrowest diameter of the bolt head,
the other two are wider than the narrowest diameter of the bolt head, so
that when the dies converge the two narrow dies pass between the two
broader dies, and thus prevent to a great extent defects in the angle of
the head; whereas in machines in which the dies are of equal width, and i
are arranged to exactly meet at their angles or corners, the metal of the
head being swaged will force itself out at the angles and thus form
imperfect angles.

page_text: To hold the bolt or blank while the head is being formed I arrange a
pair of clamping dies in slides, which operate to move the dies equally
to and from the centre. These slides are connected by vertical slides
and rods to a lever, to which is attached a treadle, whereby the slides
may be drawn down to close the said clamping dies. These dies free
themselves from the headed bolt, which may then be readily and easily
removed from the machine. In the follower the aforesaid upsetting dic
or plunger is secured. The recess in the working end of the said plunger
is in depth about equal to the head to be formed. The said recess is
circular, and its diameter must not be greater than the largest diameter
of the bolt head; so that in upsetting the metal the head will be made
of the required diameter across the angles and the surplus metal will
be removed instead of being left to expand beyond the angles and form
a burr thercon when compressed by the swaging dies.
The operative parts of the machine are worked by a single cam or
eccentric movement, the swaging dies opening and the plunger or
upsetting die being driven forward between them to upset the metal;
then the upsetting die returns, while the swaging dies approach cach
other to form the head. This operation is several times repeated to form
a perfect head. The blank to be headed when placed between the
clamping dies rests against an adjusting screw, and extends far enough
through the swaging dies to allow the head to be properly formed.
The above-described machine is thoroughly efficient except for
making small bolts, the dies for which have to be very small and
rapidly wear away. I therefore provide the machine with an apparatus
especially for making the smaller sizes of bolts. This apparatus forms an
attachment to the machine, and can be readily put in place and
removed. In this attachment the holders of the narow die are connected
to a vibrating plate, having in it a peculiarly formed slot, in which works
a roller on the end of a plate attached to the follower. By the to-and-fro
motion of the latter the said roller is moved over an inclined or curved
portion in the centre of the slot in the vibrating arm, and the said arm
is thereby operated to close the dies twice in each to-and-fro movement
of the follower.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Chapman Bell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
CHAPMAN BELL, of Buffalo, New York, United States of America, now
of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Chapman Bell, Her special licence
that I, the said George Chapman Bell, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Chapman Bell, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, uso, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
FORGING BOLTS, RIVETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES,” upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Chapman Bell, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their bands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Chapman Bell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing forming a part of this Specification :—
This Invention relates to further improvements upon the machino
for making bolts described in the Specification of an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to William Robert Lake, bearing
date the 28th day of May 1869, No. 1617. The aforesaid machine has

page_text: a holding die, an upsetting die, and four heading dies, which are so
operated as to hold the blank upset, the metal from which the head is
to be formed on the end of the same, and compress the head into the
required form. In working with the above machine it has been found
that a burr is formed on the corners of the bolt heads, which has to bc
removed after the bolt is delivered from the machine.
My present Invention is designed to obviate this difficulty, and for
this purpose I use in combination with other contrivances hercin
described a plunger or upsetting die constructed with a circular recess
in its operating end of a diameter equal to the diameter of the head of
the bolt across the angles of the same. This plunger or upsetting dio
is so operated that it first passes between the swaging dies to upset the
head, and is then withdrawn to allow the said swaging dies to operate.
The diameter of the head is determined by the circular recess in the
› plunger, and the metal therefore under the action of the swaging dies
will not be forced out at the angles or corners or form a burr thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a top view of a machine constructed according to my
Invention; Figure 2 is a side view; and Figure 3 a front end view of
the same; Figure 4 is a longitudinal central section of the said
machine; Figure 5 is a section on the line x, x, Figure 1, through the
clamping dies; Figure 6 is an end view of the upsetting die drawn to
an enlarged scale; Figure 7 is a front view of the heading or swaging
dies.
Figure 8 illustrates a modification of parts of the said machine.
A is the frame of the machine, B is the driving shaft supported in
bearings C, and driven by the application of power through a belt
passed over the pulley D, or in any other convenient manner; E is
the follower operated by an occentric F on the driving shaft, as shown
in Figure 4; G and G¹ are the four die holders arranged to move
freely in guides H, wherein they converge upon the bolt which occupies
a position forming the common centre of the said dies. On suitable
bearings a are arranged levers I, one for each of the die holders. The
short arm of each of these levers works in a recess in the die holder,
5 while the longer arm of the said lover is connected to the follower by a
link d. These parts are clearly shown in Figures 3 and 4, the follower
being represented in the latter Figure as thrown forward to draw back

page_text: '
the die holders. When by the operation of the machine the follower is
drawn back the links throw up the long arm of the levers as shown in
dotted lines, Figure 4, and consequently drive the die holders in toward
each other; and if the machine continues to operate, cach full movement
of the follower causes an advance and retreat of the die holders. By the
above-described link connections & and attachment of the levers to tlie
die holders it will be seen that the operation of the machino is positive,
and does not depend in any degree or manner upon the action of springs,
or other like contrivances used in the former machine herein-before
referred to. To cach of the die holders are attached dies fand 1;. those
represented in the Drawing are for making square-headed bolts, but
hexagonal or other shaped dies may be used when required. The two
dies fare of the width of the narrowest diameter of the bolt head; tho
other dics are wider than the narrowest diameter of the bolt head, so
that when the dies converge or move in toward each other the two narrow
dies pass between the two broad dies", as seen in Figure 7, and thus
prevent in a great measure defects in the angles or corners of the head;
whereas in machines in which the dies are of equal width, and are
arranged to exactly meet at the angles of the head, the metal of tho
latter while being swaged will be forced out at the angles or corners, and s
the head will therefore be imperfectly formed, this defect increasing and
becoming more serious the longer the machine is used.
To hold the bolt or "blank" while the head is being formed I arrange
a pair of clamping dics L in slides L', as shown in Figure 5, to move the
dies cqually to and from the centre, as indicated by the-dotted lines. 2
To thus operate the said dies I-arrange in the heads A vertical slides B',
from which toggle links C' extend to the slides L'. The two slides.B¹
are connected together by rods C³ extending down and united-at O³ to a
lever C, (as shewn in Figure 4,) to which is attached a treadlo C³. By
applying the foot to this treadle the slides B' are drawn down, and the 3
dies L are closed, as shown in dotted lines, Figure 5. The holding dies
thus operating free themselves entirely from the headed bolt, leaving it
centrally between the two dics, from which position it may be readily
and quickly removed. In the follower E the upsetting die or
plunger M is arranged, as shown in Figure 4. The working end of the a
said plunger is recessed at ito a depth about equal to that of the head
to be formed...The said recess is of a circular form, as seen in Figure 6;'
its diameter must be the same as or not greater than the largest
1

page_text: diameter of the bolt head, so that in "upsetting" the metal to form
the head the diameter thereof across the angles will be correctly
obtained, and the swaging dies will remove therefrom the surplus
metal, which if squeezed or expanded beyond the angles would form
a burr on the same.
The operation of the above-described parts of the machine is effected
through the medium of a single cam or eccentric. The blank to be
headed is dropped between the clamping dies L into a space P, so that
it rests against an adjusting screw R., and extends far enough through
the said damping dies to present to the other dies sufficient metal to
permit the perfect formation of the head on the said bolt. The
plunger or upsetting die E is driven forward between the swaging
dies to upset the metal; then the said upsetting die returns, while
the swagging dies f, f¹, all move in upon the head. This operation is
usually repeated several times to form a perfect head.
The above-described machine is thoroughly efficient, except for
making small bolts or other similar articles, which require dies so
small that they would rapidly wear away. I therefore provide the
machine with an apparatus especially for making the smaller sizes of
bolts. This apparatus, which is illustrated in Figure 8, forms an attach-
ment to the aforesaid machine, and can be readily put in place and
removed. In this attachment the side die holders G' (shown in
Figure 7) are connected to vibrating plates T, having in them a
peculiarly formed slot T, in which works a roller T on the end of a
plate U attached to the follower E. By the to-and-fro motion of the
latter the said roller T is moved over an inclined or curved portion T
near the centre of the slot T" in the vibrating arm T, and the said arm
is thereby operated to close the dies f¹ twice in one to-and-fro move-
ment of the follower. These dies therefore strike twice the number of
blows struck by the dies f, and thereby prevent the leaving of any burr
or fin on the corners of the bolt. This attachment or apparatus,
though more particularly designed for making small square-headed
bolts is also useful for making hexagonal, oblong, and other peculiar
shaped heads or other parts, either small or large. In applying this
apparatus to the said machine I knock out the pins a, d', and remove
the levers I and links d of the two side dies, and in the place of these
links and levers I put the vibrating arms T, which are operated by the
rollers on the plates U, as above described.

page_text: Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The combination of the upsetting die M with the swaging
dies ff, and f, f, when the said dic M is arranged to pass between
the swaging dies to "upset" the head in the manner set forth.
Second. The mechanism illustrated in Figure 8 to be attached to the
aforesaid machine for forming the heads on small bolts, and for similar
purposes, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Chapman Bell, have
hercunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of November, in 1
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
E
Witness,
W. J. LOWE,
GEORGE CHAPMAN BELL. (L.S.)