Improvements in Mechanism for use in the Manufacture of Pneumatio Tyres for the Wheels of Road Vehicles.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Mechanism for use in the Manufacture of Pneumatio
Tyres for the Wheels of Road Vehicles.
We, WALTLR SWAIN and LEONARD HARTLLY SWALN, both of 177, Belmont Road,
Astley Budge, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows, that is to say:-
It clates to mechanism for use in the manufacture or production of the canvas
parts of pneumatic tyres for the wheels of 1oad vehicles of the class set forth m
the latter part of the Specification of our invention for which we have applied
for Letters Patent the same being numbered 5430 and bearing date the 5th day
of March 1898, and our said invention consists in the construction or formation
and arrangement of parts in combination whereby a machine or mechanism is
produced that may be employed in the manufacture of the canvas parts referred
to whether such are formed by a series of threads being measured and cut to the
equited lengths according to the cucumferential positions that they have to
occupy in the tyre, then outer ends being afterwards folded over each other and
accured by an adhesive substance as will be understood or whether said canvas
parts are made by the winding of the curcumferential threads upon a shaping piece
to form them endless without joint or joining part
In caying our invention into effect for producing the class of tyre having
its canvas pait formed by a series of separate threads, we mount a series of
bobbins corresponding in number to the number of threads requued to form the
said canvas pait of the desired width, upon a series of pins or on a cieel of any
well known construction each thread being wound upon its respective bobbi
On appropriate framework in proximity with said bobbins we mount a pair of
grooved iollers, the ribs of the one fitting into the grooves in the other, said libs
and grooves being of such a shape that in revolving those threads which they diaw
from the bobbins on the cieel and which are more nearly approaching the cential
parts of the rollers will be diawn or pulled by each groove and b slightly more
than are those approaching the ends of the roller, consequently the web produced
by these vaiably diawn threads will be longer in and towards its longitudinal
cential part than it is towards its edges so that as the grooves and bs vary in
depth and shape so also will the resultant web vay, with the effect that on the
ends of such web being joined together by the rubber solution or other adhesive
substance the shape of the canvas part of the tyre 18 produced as desired
Instead of diawing the series of threads from the bobbins by the rollers as above
described we may dispense with said olleis and make use of a board of any

page_text: appropriate shape in cross section but preferably with its upper surface in the form
of a segment of a cucle
Across this board we make a series of grooves so that on laying the series of
thueads lengthwise over said board we may commence at the end thereof faithest
from the bobbins and press the series of threads down into each of the grooves
in succession, by which means those threads more nearly approaching the centio
of the board will be diawn so as to be longer than will those approaching the
edges of the board consequently the same result in the formation of the canvas
part will be produced by this board to that produced by the rollers
The web of threads thus produced is covered by cross threads placed at night
angles thereto or in other positions relatively therewith as may be found desuable
In producing the endless form of canvas part we employ a shaping piece which
we detachably secure by any suitable means upon a rotary table deiving its motion
through suitable geaning wheels shafts and pulleys, fiom any pime motor
As this shaping piece is being thus rotated we guide a thread or yain so that
it is wound oi coiled thereon, the guiding means and pressing rolleis used, being
such that each coil of the yarn, is in contiguity with its neighbouring coil, and
by the threads being covered with an adhesive substance prior to or at the time
they are being thus wound they retain the positions given to them
When sufficient of the yain has been wound on the shaping piece to cover about
one half thereof, it is detached from the table, tuined over and again secured so
that the remaining half may receive its covering of yain
Po to the winding of the yarn as above descubed, we preferably place the
cross threads on the shaping piece, since by so doing and then covering them
with adhesive substance the placing and retaining of the several coils in their
respective positions is greatly facilicated
As an alternative method of winding the coiled threads to that above described,
we employ a series of shaping spindles which we aange in appropriate fiame
work so that we can wind our several coils of yain thereon in succession, the
winding mechanism consisting of suitably formed pendant arms carrying thread
guides which may be moved to conduct each coil to its proper position relatively
with its preceeding coil, while the pendant arms are made by cam or other
mechanism, to conduct the threads fust on one side of the shaping spindles and
then on the other side thereof.
When the last coil of yain has been wound on the spindles to form the proper
width of canvas, the traveise or thread guiding mechanism 18 a11anged to bring
appropiate stop-motion mechanism into use to ariest the motion of the machine.
When the detachable shaping piece herembefore described is made use of, we
may construct mechanism for applying the cross threads to said shaping piece,
either before the cucumferential threads are wound thereon or after, and this
we accomplish by winding the thread or threads (as there may be one only of such
threads or more than one may be used) upon bobbins, these bobbins are then
mounted upon pins carried by a 1otary disc, delving its motion by any appropriate
belt, geaning of other devices from any prime motor
Though an opening made concenfically in this said disc we arrange the
cicular shaping piece to pass, its admission into such opening being either through
nadial notch made in said disc and its bearings or by having a detachable part
formed in the shaping piece, and after the shaping piece is so placed the disc 18
rotated about and though the annular shaping piece (in which course it carries
its bobbins of yarn or thread with it) it will be seen that such threads are wound
mound the said shaping piece, while this latter 18, by being mounted upon suitable
bearings, caused to advance or 10tate so that each coil of thead may be placed
in the desned position thereon, regulating devices as change-wheels or ratchet
mechanism for causing the shaping piece to advance as preallanged effecting
thus regulation in the winding of the yarns or threads
In the production of canvas parts for strong tyres such as might be used for
motor cars or the like, we may employ leather strips or strips of metal or the

page_text: like instead of the yarns or threads and these we may wind with our winding
device last before described.
The annular shaping piece may be either solid or hollow but in either case
its inner surface preferably has a groove or slot formed cucumferencially in it
so that on the threads or yarn being coiled or wound around it when the process
of fixing the other parts circumferencially thereon is completed the said cross
threads may be cut along this groove or notch to be afterwards folded to form
the edge of the fabric
Improvements in Mechanism for use in the Manufacture of Pneumatio
Tyres for the Wheels of Road Vehicles.
We, WALTER SWAIN and LEONARD HARTLEY SWAIN, both of 177, Belmont Road,
Astley Budge, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Land Agents, do hereby declate
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that
is to say: :-
It relates to mechanism for use in the manufacture or production of the canvas
parts of pneumatic tyres for the wheels of 10ad vehicles of the class set forth in
the Specification of our invention for which we have obtained Letters
Patent the same being numbered 5430 and bearing date the 5th day
of March 1898, and our said invention consists in the construction or formation
and aangement of parts in combination whereby a machine on mechanism 18
produced that may be employed in the manufacture of the canvas paits referred
to whether such are formed by a series of threads being measured and cut to the
equued lengths according to the circumferential positions that they have to
occupy in the tyre, then outer ends being after waids folded over each other and
secuied by an adhesive substance as will be understood on whether said canvas
parts are made by the winding of the circumferential threads upon a shaping piece
to form them endless without joint or joining pait
In order that our said invention may be readily understood we have hereunto
appended sheets of diawings illustrative thereof, to which by figures and letters
reference 18 made in the following description.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of about half a tyle or cover for same produced
by the means or mechanism hereinafter described, the same being drawn to a
educed scale.
Fig 2 is a sectional view of said tyre diawn to a greatly enlarged scale,
illustrating the formation of same and showing the disposition of the
circumferential and transverse theads therein
Figs 3 and 4 are part sectional front and sectional end elevations respectively
of means for arranging the circumferential threads forming part of said tyre
Figa 5 and 6 are similar views to Figs. 3 and 4, but illustrate a modification
of said means.
Figs 7 and 8 are part sectional elevation and plan view respectively of
mechanism for applying the circumferential thread or threads when it is desired to
form the canvas pait endless,

page_text: Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of an alternative aliangement of mechanism that
may be employed for automatically winding said cucumferential thread or
threads.
Fig. 10 is a view of the parts shown by Fig 9 as seen from above
Fig 11 is an elevation of certain of the parts shown by Fig. 9
Fig 12 is a side elevation of apparatus for applying the transverse threads in
said tyres or outer covers.
Fig 13 is a plan view of parts shown by Fig 12
Similar letters and figures of reference indicate similar paits throughout the
several views
In carrying our invention into effect for producing the class of tyre having
its canvas part formed by a series of separate threads, we mount a series of
bobbins corresponding in number to the number of threads required to form the
said canvas part of the desired width, upon a series of pins or on a cieel of any
well known construction each thread being wound upon its respective bobbin,
either before it is covered or treated with a solution of indiarubber or after such
treatment has been carried to an appropriate extent, that 18 as to the number of
coatings of such rubber solution. It wound before being subjected to this treat-
ment then on leaving the bobbins to be drawn and arranged as hereinafter described,
these threads are tieated by said rubber rubber solution
On appropriate framework in proximity with said bobbins we mount a pair of
grooved iollers a and a¹ (see Figs. 3 and 4), the 11bs a³ of the one fitting into
the grooves in the other, said ribs and grooves being of such a shape that in
revolving, those threads which they draw from the bobbins on the creel and which
are more nearly approaching the central parts a² of the rollers a, a' will be drawn
or pulled by each groove and b slightly more than are those approaching the
ends of the rollers, consequently the web produced by these variably diawn threads
will be longer in and towards its cential part than it is towards its edges so that
as the grooves and ribs a³ a vary in depth and shape so also will the resultant
web vaiy, with the effect that on the ends of such web being joined together by
the rubber solution or other adhesive substance the shape of the canvas part of the
tyre is produced as desired
Instead of drawing the series of theads from the bobbins by the rolleis a a
as above described, we may dispense with said olleis and make use of a board b
of any appropriate shape in cross section but preferably with its upper surface b¹
in the form of a segment of a circle (see Fig 6)
Across the board b we make a series of grooves 6 so that in laying the series
of threads 1 lengthwise over said board b we may commence at the end thereof
farthest from the bobbins and press the series of threads 1 down into each of the
grooves in succession by the use of the tool 63, by which means those threads
more nearly approaching the centre of the board, will be diawn so as to be longer
than will those approaching the edges of the board, consequently the same result
in the formation of the canvas part will be produced by this board b to that pro-
duced by the rollers a a¹
The web of threads thus produced is covered by cross threads placed at night
angles thereto or in other positions relatively therewith as may be found desirable
In producing the endless form of canvas part we employ a shaping piece c
which we detachably secure upon the rotary table which derives its motion from
a belt e through the pulley el, the shafts e³, e³ and wheels f, f', the pulley e
running loosely upon its shaft while the pulley e and wheel fare secured
theleto
The thread o varn 118 covered with an adhesive substance (which it may be
arranged to gather as it is passing on to the shaping piece e o which it may be
covered with prior thereto) so that as the table & rotates and carries with it the
shaping piece said thread is drawn thereby and wound upon said piece c, each
coil being guided by a guide 7 and pressed by a series of rollers g¹ so that it
may occupy its proper position in proximity with its neighbouring coils When

page_text: the outer peripheral edge of the shaping piece c 18 reached said piece c is
detached from the table and turned over in order that the winding of the yarn
may continue to cover the other aide of the piece c and so produce this part of the
fabric as desired.
Prior to the winding of the varn as above described, we preferably place the
cross threads 2 on the shaping piece c, since by so doing and then covering them
with adhesive substance the placing and retaining of the several coils in their
respective positions 18 greatly facilitated
As an alternative method of winding the coiled threads to that above described
we employ a series of shaping spindles (see Fig 9) mounted loosely in the
bearing plate so that as the rotary arm 3 revolves it will carry its pendant
arms which act as thread guides to lay the several coils of threads 1 on
one side of each alternate spindle and on the opposite side of its neighbouring
spindles in the positions shown by Fig 10, by which means on its completion
and when the spindles are withdrawn from the fabric the web 18 completed 80
that it will be seen that the shape of the spindles determines that of the
resultant web formed of the series of threads 1 and as these latter may be after-
wards covered by or laid over the cross threads 2 as above described the cover is
produced as desired
The arm is mounted upon the vertical shaft which receives its motion
from the pulley through the shaft and wheels 3, s, and as this arm
rotates it carries its pendant arms, which are pivotally mounted at 3 and 4
respectively, so that the sliding rod t may be reciprocated by its bowl f taking
into the cam plate which is fixed to the standard secured to the framework rl,
thus the necessary reciprocatory movements may be transmitted to the arms,
to guide the threads 1 as described.
To raise the threads 1 as they are being wound upon the spindles r so that their
several coila are in lateral contiguity with each other we mount the eyelets 6
and (though which the two threads 1 pass) to slide upon the aims ³ their
vertical position thereon being determined by the aim having its runner u¹
supported by an annular plate forming its path This plate 18 further sup-
ported by the double incline piece v, and this latter is operated in one direction
by the worm o taking into the rack teeth formed upon it while it
18 moved in the opposite direction (when it is liberated from meshing
with Baid worm 10 by reason of its outer end striking the catch
rod to release the springs y y thus to raise the bearings ³ ³
and so also the rack double incline ) by the spring which causes it
to return until it reaches the stationary incline pieces z z¹ which force it back
into gea with the worm w where it is secured at such time by the sping
forcing the catch rod to retain the hearings y y against the actions of the
springs y y from which it will be seen that since the retracting actions of the
spring may be made to arrest the motion of the machine by shifting the belt
from the fast to the loose pulley each coiled part of the canvas may be produced
automatically
2
By mounting the shaping piece c on suitable stationary framework we are well
aware that an arrangement of thread carrier may be employed to wind the
threads 1 thereon without the said shaping piece being moved by its supports
somewhat in the same manner as the arms and wind the threads around
the shaping spindles with the difference that in the latter case only one arm
will be necessary and its path will be regulated by a simple traveise device
instead of those shown in Figa. 9 and 10
When the detachable shaping piece c above described is made use of we may
construct mechanism for applying the cross threads 2 to said shaping piece, either
before the circumferential threads are wound thereon or afterwards
In carrying
this into effect, we wind the thread or threads (as there may be one only of such
threads or more than one may be used) upon boblins 19, these bobbins are

page_text: then mounted upon pins 20 carried by a rotary disc 21, (see Figs 12 and 13)
mounted on the framework 26, said disc 21 deriving its motion through the
pulley 22, shaft 23 and bevel wheels 24 and 25, or in any other suitable manner.
Through the opening 27 formed in the disc 21 is arranged to pass the shaping
piece c, its admission therein being either by a radial notch 28 fitted with a
letachable piece 29 made in said disc and its framework or by having a
detachable part formed in the shaping piece The shaping piece when in position
within the opening 27 is carried by the rollers 30, 31 and 32 mounted on shafts 33
in the framework 26 and is arranged to be rotated by contact with the roller 32,
said roller being driven by the woim 34 (mounted on the shaft 23) and worm
wheel 35 It will thus be seen that on the shaping piece being placed in position
as above described, and the puller 22 1otated by its driving belt, the disc 21 and
bobbins 19 will be rotated in the horizontal plane and the threads (which pass
though the guide 36) will be wound around the shaping piece c, while by said
shaping piece being slowly rotated by the means above described, each coil of
thread will be placed in its proper position thereon Suitable change wheels may
be used in order to cause the shaping piece to be moved at a quicker or slower
rate so as to accommodate itself for differential thicknesses of yarns or for other
purposes.
Instead of making use of cross threads in any of the forms or under any of
the arrangements above described we may employ woven or other fabric as means
for retaining our longitudinal threads 1 as will readily be understood
In the production of canvas parts for strong ties such as might be used for
motor cars or the like, we may employ leather strips or strips of metal on the like
instead of the yarns or threads and these we may wind with our winding devices as
described.
The annular shaping piece may be either solid or hollow but in either case
its inner surface preferably has a groove or slot c' (see Fig 13) formed circum-
ferentially in it so that on the threads or varns 2 being coiled or wound around it
when the process of' fixing the other 'threads 1 circumferentially thereon 18 com-
pleted the said cross threads 2 may be cut along said groove or notch
afterwards folded to form the edge of the fabric
to be
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be under-
stood that since the date of our application we have become aware of the fact that
it has been proposed to construct a machine for winding a layer or layers of
thread or wie in a spiral duection upon an endless 11ng or hoop which is caused
to rotate while a revolving annular winder, or two or more such winders, carrying
a reel on reels of thread, is or are caused to rotate in a plane or in planes at night
angles to the plane of rotation of the ring on hoop, and thus to wind thereon a
thiead or several threads simultaneously We do not therefore claim such a
machine per but we declare that what we claim is
-
1 Apparatus for producing fabric parts to be used in the formation of inflatable
tyres foi the wheels of 1oad vehicles, the same being constructed and arranged
to operate substantially as herein specified with reference to the accompanying
diawings
2 In apparatus for the production of covers for inflatable tyres, a shaping
piece and means whereby the vains or threads or we may be wound thereon
substantially as herein set forth with reference to Figs. 7 and 8
3 In apparatus for the production of covers for inflatable tyres, shaping spindles
and means for winding rains or threads on wire thereon substantially as herein
specified
4 In apparatus for the production of covers for inflatable tyes, shaping rollers
having ribs and grooves formed thereon and therein substantially as herein set
auth

page_text: 5. In apparatus for the production of covers for inflatable tyies, a shaping
hoaid with cross grooves formed therein the same being made to perform the
functions substantially as herein specified.
W SWAIN.
L. H. SWAIN.
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.