Improvements in or relating to Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to Presses and other Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1892-Accepted, 4th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting
Motion to Presses and other Machines.
I, WALTER JAMES, of 49 Green Road, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to hydraulic apparatus for transmitting motion to presses,
and other machines, and its object is to increase first, the speed of operating and,
then the power of the apparatus with the same (or nearly so) amount of pressure.
According to this invention, I employ one or more cylinders provided with one
or more removable covers. In each cylinder works a piston of suitable construction,
provided with a hollow rod or barrel of such a size to form a second cylinder.
Each hollow piston rod is arranged to work through a gland provided for its
reception in the cylinder end or cover. The outer end of the piston rod is armed
with a gland through which is passed a pipe or hollow rod, the inner end of which
is carried within a suitable distance of the inner end of the hollow portion of the
piston rod, connected with the said cylinder and with the hollow piston rod by
means of suitable pipes or tubes is or are one or more valve cases containing, one,
two, or more single or double cylindrical or other valves actuated by suitable lever
or link arrangement, and which are employed for regulating the admission of the
water or other liquid for first raising the piston in the cylinder and bringing, say
the press table, to its work, and then for imparting the increased pressure to the
latter. The water or other liquid may preferably be admitted to the cylinder and
hollow piston rod under pressure.
A suitable form of valve case may be constructed as follows;-Two chambers are
provided to which the inlet and outlet pipes are respectively connected by suitable
passage or passages arranged between the valves.
Between the chambers may be provided one or more tubes or pipes the ends of
which are closed by suitable valves, say for instance mushroom or balls, connected
together by spindles (made in one or more portions) armed with hydraulic leathers
or their equivalents.
Suitable inlets and outlets may be provided in the above first mentioned
cylinders.
The above arrangement of cylinder, hollow piston rod, and valves may be applied
to other machines.
Dated this the Twenty-third day of February 1892.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting
Motion to Presses and other Machines.
I, WALTER JAMES, of 49 Green Road, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to hydraulic apparatus for transmitting motion to presses
and other machines.
For the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating its principle and working I
have, in the accompanying drawings, shown it applied to a hydraulic press such as
is ordinarily used in the woollen trades. But I distinctly wish it to be understood
:

page_text: connected to a second operating lever I also pivoted to a punar z
valve box.
xtu LO
H H are passages in the valve box H for respectively forming a connection
between compartment and tube H' below valves 3 and above valve h².
In each of the tubes H' H2 H3 H4 are arranged sets of hydraulic leathers,
woodite, or other packings (hereafter termed hydraulic leathers); each set say
consisting of two hydraulic leathers of ordinary construction which are held in
position by collars, formed on the divided portion of each spindle, and arranged
so as to slide with it.
In the valve box are also provided three bifurcated passages H7, H8, and H'
communicating respectively with tubes H* H3 H2. That is, the bifurcated portions
of passage H communicates with tube H'; the bifurcate portions of passage H*
The
with tube H3; and the bifurcated portions of passage H with tube H².
upper and lower portions of said bifurcated passages are arranged to communicate
with their respective tubes above and below the hydraulic leathers 16 as shown at
Figs. 1 and 2.
The pipe G, which communicates with the press cylinder E, is connected to the
bifurcated passage H; whilst inlet supply pipe J, from an ordinary accumulator
or pump is connected to passage H'; and an outlet connection between a tank of
ordinary construction is made by pipe K, provided with a valve K¹ of ordinary
construction.
The valve box H is also connected by pipes L, M, and N with a differential
accumulator O to be hereafter described; said pipes being attached to the valve
box so as to communicate respectively with compartments 4 and 10.
O is the differential accumulator constructed as follows:-
O is a cylinder in which reciprocates a piston O' to which is attached, by bolts
or other convenient means, a hollow piston rod (2. The cylinder O may be
provided with covers at both ends, or only with a cover 03 and with a gland O+
(provided with U leathers or other suitable packings at the opposite end of the
cylinder) through which the piston rod 02 works as shown. The cavity O in the
piston rod O2 forms a second and smaller cylinder into which is passed a stationary
ram O. A water tight joint is made by means of a gland 07 and ordinary packings
or U leathers (8. The ram 0 is fixed in the base or bed 0°, as shown, to which
the cylinder O is attached by stays 015 of ordinary construction. In the ram O' is
a passage to which the pipe N is connected.
The pipes L and M are connected to the cylinder O at O¹ and O13, and a valve
of any suitable construction may be fixed to the cylinder at O for allowing the
piston to empty the cylinder O without operating the press table D.
P is a hydraulic valve of ordinary construction having inlet and outlet sections;
and it is connected to the pipe J.
The mode of operation is as follows:-
To admit water for quickly raising the table D to its work, the handle end of
lever is depressed, and the handle end of lever 1' raised, thereby opening
valves h h h and ', and closing valves h¹³h and h. The water is then free to
enter the valve box H from pipe J (through valve P) pass down the lower portion
of bifurcated passage H' through valve into compartment ", and after filling said
compartment through passage H into compartment and thence through pipe N
iuto passage O", from whence it passes into the small cylinder 0 and exerts the
requisite pressure between the end of the ram 06 and upper part of cylinder O³ for
raising the piston O' in the direction of arrow 1. When the piston O' is raised,
any water that has previously been admitted to the cylinder O will be forced
through pipe M into chamber through valve h³ down tube H³ until it is stopped
by hydraulic leather 16 when it overflows into bifurcated passage H³ (valve h³ being
closed prevents its entering chamber ¹¹) into pipe G, and from thence into press
cylinder E for actuating ram F for quickly raising the table to its work.
During the raising of the piston O' water is admitted to the valve box H from
an, elevated tank (not shown in the drawings) through pipe K, provide with a

page_text: valve K' of ordinary construction, into upper portion of bifurcated passage H
then to tube H2, the upper orifice of which is uncovered by the raising of valve
to permit of the water passing into compartment 8 and out through pipe L so as
to enter cylinder O at O" in order to fill the space Ox (hereafter annular area)
caused by the upward motion of piston O¹.
The table D having been raised to its work, and when an extra pressure is
required, the lever I is raised, and the action of valves h, ³ ³ and 1 reversed,
that is, valves h h³ are closed and h³ he opened.
Any water that is now admitted to the valve box H from inlet pipe J passes
along the upper portion of bifurcated passage H' into tube H through valve
into compartment and a long pipe M and enters the cylinder O at O¹³ for
depressing the piston O' in the direction of arrow 2.
On the descent of the piston O' two operation are performed :-first, any water
that has accummulated in the annular space, that portion of the cylinder O
marked Ox, under the piston is returned to the tank without performing any work
through pipe L, compartment 18, valve, tube H, bifurcated passage H' and
pipe K. And, second, the water which was used in the cylinder O for raising the
piston O' is now employed for imparting the increased pressure to the ram F, and it is
forced by the descent of the piston through passage O", pipe N, into compartment 10,
through passage H6 to compartment ", up through valve into tube H³, and
bifurcated passage H to pipe G from whence it passes into press cylinder E for
acting upon the ram F. The water thus admitted to the cylinder Ŏ at O¹³ acts
upon the piston O¹, and by reason of the area of the piston being larger than that
of the fixed ram 0°, the water in the cylinder 0 will be forced through
passage O", pipe N, valve box H, and pipe G as described for imparting an
increased pressure to the table D through ram F.
It will be readily understood in the above described operations when it is
required to quickly raise the table to its work, the water from the accumulator or
pump is admitted through pipe N and O" to the cylinder O, and by transmitting
pressure from the small area of the said cylinder to the larger area of piston O',
the ram F will be quickly raised. But when it is required to impart an increased
pressure to the ram F after it has been raised to its work then I reverse the
operation and admit water through pipe M to cylinder O and the pressure is
imparted from the larger area of piston O' to the smaller area of cylinder O.
When the ram F is required to be returned to its lowest point, the lever I is
raised to a midway position so as to permit of the valves h³ and he being
partially opened at the same time. The supply of water from the pumps or
accumulator to the inlet pipe J is cut off by means of an inlet and outlet hydraulic
valve P of ordinary construction. The piston O'having reached its lowest point,
and the cylinder O having been filled (during the descent of the piston) and the
connecting pipes L, M, and N, chambers and tubes of the valve box H charged
with water, sufficient pressure is thereby obtained to prevent the piston O¹ from
rising during the descent of the ram F. As soon as the inlet pressure is cut off by
the hydraulic valve P coupled to pipe J, the ram F will commence to descend and
in so doing forces the water (previously admitted for raising and pressure purposes)
out of cylinder E along pipe G into valve box H, into both branches of bifurcated
passages H³ through valves into compartments he h¹, and by reason of the
pipes connected to the valve box being already fully charged with water, it passes
through valves h h into bifurcated passage H' and pipe J from whence it runs to
waste through the outlet section J' of valve P.
The apparatus is then ready for a repetition of the above described operations.
But should the ram F and table D have performed their work when the
piston has travelled say about one half of its stroke in the cylinder O, then I
proceed as follows to cause the ram F to fall.
The levers I and I' remain in the position described for giving the final pressure
to the ram, that is, the valves hhhh are closed, and 12 h h h are opened.
On the inlet. pressure being cut off by valve P, the ram F commences to

page_text: descend for a portion of its stroke, and in so doing the water is forced out of
cylinder E along pipe G, down lower branch of bifurcated passage H³ through
valve into compartment h¹, along passage H6 through valve 2 into compart-
ment, thence through pipe N to passage O" into cylinder 0 for raising the
piston to its highest point in the cylinder O. This part of the operation is
performed by reason of the weight on the table D, as well as of the table D and
ram F being greater than that of the piston O₁, hollow piston rod O2 and the
weight of the water on said piston, thereby permitting of the ram F in descending
imparting an upward pressure to the piston O. When this has been done the
valves are closed and valves h h opened to permit of the water passing from
pipe G to enter compartment h³ through valve h and along pipe M for returning·
the piston O¹ to the bottom of the cylinder O, and at the same time filling it (the
cylinder) with water. While this is being done the water in cylinder, O³ is forced
down passage O" along pipe N into compartment 10 through valve ², along
passage into compartment " up through valve into lower branch of bifurcated
passage H7, thence through pipe J and out to waste through outlet section J' of
valve P.
As soon as the piston O' reaches the bottom of its downward stroke the
valves h³ ³ are moved to a midway position so that they may all be partially
open at the same time to permit of the remainder of the water in the cylinder E
passing to waste through outlet section J of valve Pas previously deseribed.
It will be readily understood that the latter portion of the just described
operation may be dispensed with when the first part has been performed for
lowering the press table D and thereby raising the piston O¹ to its highest
position, the table may be again raised and the final pressure given thereto by
admitting water to the cylinder O from the inlet pipe J through valve box H and
pipe M as previously described.
But when the final pressure on the table D would be too great if given from the >
second cylinder O, I convert the annular area or lower part Ox of cylinder O into
an intermediate cylinder, and by the connection of the pipes, an alteration of the
valves as will be presently described, pipe L will take the place of pipe N in the
initial part of the operation whereby the latter will be arranged to receive its
water, through the valve box H, from the tank instead of from the inlet pipe J,
and the water for raising the piston O¹ will be admitted to the annular area (*
through the pipe L.
into
To do this valves 2 in tubes H1 H2 will be closed, while valves ¹ will be
opened, and the valves in the other tubes H3 H4, remain as described in the first
paragraph of the mode of operation, that is, valves are open, and valves h³ hº
are closed. Water entering the valve box H from-inlet pipe J under pressure
passes down the lower branch of bifurcated passage H through valve
compartment and owing to valves ³h being closed the water passes-
through passage H (which communicates respectively with compartment h¹¹ below
valve ³, and tube H¹ below valve ) through valve into compartment 8, and
then through pipe L entering the annular area O* at 012 for raising the piston O¹
to its highest point. As the piston O¹ rises the water that has previously been
admitted to cylinder 0 is ejected from the cylinder at O¹³ down pipe M to
compartment ½ºnof valve box H, through valves, upper branch of bifurcated
passage H³, then through pipe G to cylinder E for raising the ram F and table D.
to its work.
While the above operations for raising piston O' and ram F are being
performed the cylinder. O' is filled with water from the tank which passes through
pipe K, lower branch of bifurcated passage H°, valve h¹ and passage ho to pipe. N
and from thence to passage Ou
This part of the operation having been performed, by raising lever. I the
valves are opened, and valves h h are closed (during this part of the
operation.the position of the valves attached to lever I' are as follows, valves h
are open and 2 h are closed) the water will be admitted to the valve box H and

page_text: passed to pipe M for giving the final pressure to the table D as follows:-
-Water
entering the valve box H through pipe J passes up the upper branch of
passage H' through valve hº, compartment to pipe M for depressing piston O¹ in
direction of arrow 2. As the piston O' descends the water in the annular area ()*
will be forced through pipe L, compartment 8, valve h', passage H³, valve ³ into
lower branch of bifurcated passage Hs into pipe G, and from thence into press
cylinder E for imparting the final pressure to the ram F. Whilst this part of
the operation is being performed the water in the cylinder 0 is forced by
the piston O¹ through passage O" into pipe N to passage thence through
valve up lower branch of bifurcated passage H' to pipe K communicating with
the tank.
To return the ram F to the bottom or any portion of the cylinder E and for
the simultaneous operation of piston O¹ I arrange the valves and proceed in
identically the same manner as described for the operation when the water was
admitted to pipe N for performing the first part of the operation for raising the
said piston.
During the whole of the herein before described operations the valve K'is
open.
I will now proceed to describe the various methods and arrangements of valves
for raising the piston O¹ to its highest point (or any portion of its upward stroke)
in the cylinder O that is in the direction of arrow 1 Fig. 1.
First. For admitting water to cylinder 0 only.
To do this the valves are arranged as follows:-Valves h² 15 17 are opened and
valves and K are closed. Water under pressure from pipe J then
passes through lower branch of bifurcated passage H', valve, h, compartment,
passage H, valve ², compartment 10, pipe N, and passage Oil to cylinder 05.
During this operation by closing valve K' the annular area Ox may be kept
-empty.
Second. For admitting water to cylinder 0 for raising the piston O₁, and water
to annular area Ox from the tank as a balance-that is, to pass backwards and
forwards to the tank without doing any work.
When this is done, all the valves with the exception of K¹ which is now opened,
remain as described for the first method of raising the piston. By opening valve Ki
the water from the tank passes through pipe K, upper portion of bifurcater
passage H, valve 7, into compartment, pipe L, and enters annular area (*
at O; or eire versa when the water is returned from the annular area 0× to
the tank.
Third. For admitting water under pressure to annular area Ox and cylinder O
simultaneously and respectively through pipes L and N.
To do this, the valves are arranged as follows, namely:-Valves are opened,
valves and are placed in a midway position, that' is partially open, and
valves and K are closed. The water under pressure from pipe J passes
through lower branch of bifurcated passage H', valve, compartment when it
is free to pass along passage H, through valve 2, compartment, pipe N, and
passage to cylinder O, or to pass through passage H valve *, compartment /",
and pipe L to cylinder Ox But should it be desired on the return of the piston
in the direction of arrow 2, that the water previously admitted to annular area Ox
should be passed to the tank without performing any work then valves and
will require to be closed, and valve K¹ opened.
Fourth. For admitting water to annular arca Ox for raising the piston O¹ and
allowing water to pass from the tank to cylinder 0 and vice versa without per-
forming any work.
and
The valves in this case are arranged as follows, namely:-Valves
are closed, and valves, and K are opened. Water entering the valve
box H from inlet pipe J under pressure passes through lower branch of bifurcated
passage H, compartment ", valve, compartment, pipe L into cylinder Ox
at O Simultaneously. the water from the tank passes through pipe K, lower

page_text: to
branch of burcated passage II, valve, passage, pipe N, passage
cylinder O³. And vice versa when the water is returned from the cylinder O to
the tank.
During the rising of the piston O' by either of the four just mentioned methods
the water in the cylinder O passes out at 013 through pipe M, compartment /
valve, upper branch of bifurcated passage Hs, pipe G to cylinder E for quickly
raising the ram F to its work.
Having raised the piston to its highest position in the cylinder O by either of
the above described methods, I will now proceed to describe the various modes in
which the water admitted to cylinder 0 and annular area Ox may be utilized for
imparting an increased pressure to ram F.
First. When the water is, say, admitted to the cylinder 0 through pipe N and
passage O for raising the piston O' to its highest point in cylinder O, and on.
the descent of the said piston for forcing the water out of the annular area Ox and
cylinder O simultaneously and employing the water therefrom for giving the
increased pressure to ram F. To do this the valves are arranged as shown in the
drawings, namely valves hhhh and K¹ are open, and valves h¹ h³, h* and hª are
closed. The water under pressure on entering the valve box H through valve P
from pipe J passes down lower branch of bifurcated passage H', through valve h,
compartment, passage H6, tube H', valve h², compartment 10, pipe N, passage O",
into cylinder O for raising the piston O as previously described. As the piston O'
rises in the cylinder O the water that has been previously admitted thereto is forced
out of the cylinder O at O¹³ down pipe M into compartment 9 (of valve box H)
through valve h, upper branch of bifurcated passage H*, pipe G into cylinder É
for quickly raising the ram F and table D to its work. While the above operations
are being performed water from the tank is permitted to flow down pipe K through
valve K up upper branch of bifurcated passage H through valve h', compart-
ment h³, along pipe L into annular area O* for filling it.
The position of the valves is now altered, namely valves and K¹ are closed,
valves are fully opened, and valves h², h, and are placed in a midway
position, that is, partially opened for permitting of the water being admitted to
cylinder O from pipes J and M simultaneously with water being ejected from
annular area Ox and cylinder 0 into cylinder E. The water for reversing the
piston, that is causing it to descend in direction of arrow 2, is admitted to the
valve box H from pipe J. through valve P, upper branch of bifurcated passage H7,
valve, pipe M into cylinder O at O¹³. As soon as the piston O' commences
to descend the water already admitted to annular area Ox and cylinder 05 will
be forced along pipes L and N to cylinder E as follows:-namely, that from
annular area Ox along pipe L passes into compartment 8 through valve h*,
passage H³, compartment h", valve ³, lower branch of bifurcated passage H
and pipe G to cylinder E. Or some portion thereof may possibly pass from
pipe L through valve, both branches of bifurcated passage H, valve into com-
partment where it joins the water coming from cylinder 0³, but I do not
anticipate that there will be any great amount of leakage in this direction by
reason of the pressure of the water coming from annular area Ox and cylinder O
keeping the portion of the pipe K between valve box H and valve K¹ filled
with water, and thereby causing the water from pipe L to flow through com-
partment into pipe G as described. By closing valve K¹ the water is prevented
from flowing back into the tank. Simultaneously with water entering the valve
box H from pipe L the water in cylinder 0 is ejected through passage. 0",.
pipe N, compartment 10 (of valve box H), valve 2, passage H into compart-
mént where it joins the water coming from annular area Ox and passes there-
from to cylinder E through valve ³, lower branch of bifurcated passage H³,
and pipe G. But when this method of passing the water from annular area Ox
and cylinder O simultaneously are employed, the pressure imparted to the
table D will not be so great as when given from cylinder 0³, or from annular
area Ox alone; by reason of the larger area of resistance that piston. O' has to-

page_text: overcome in this method, than has to be encountered when acting upon the water
in either the cylinder or annular area alone.
Second. But when it is desired to cut off the supply of water from pipe L to
cylinder E, say when the top of the piston O₁ has reached dotted line a or
any other portion of its downward stroke, and to obtain a greater pressure
during the continuance of the downward stroke of the piston with water
admitted at 013, then valves h, h', ', ³, are closed, and valves 2, 3, 4º, h²,
and Kare opened. By closing the valves and opening valves and K'.
the water escaping from annular area (* will be able to pass into the tank, and
water from cylinder O passes to cylinder E as described for imparting the final
pressure to the table D, that is, the water from cylinder 0³ passes through
passage O, pipe N, compartment, valve 2, passage H, compartment ",
valve 3, lower branch of bifurcated passage H, and pipe G to cylinder E.
Third. Should the pressure however be too great if given from O alone, and
not great enough if given from annular area Ox and cylinder O combined, then
say when the upper surface of the piston O' has reached dotted line a¹ or any
other portion of its downward stroke, the valves may be arranged as follows;-
namely, valves h¹, h³, h, and K¹ are opened, and valves h, 2, 1, and are
closed for allowing the water in cylinder 0 to pass to the tank, and the water
in the annular area O* to give the required increased pressure to the ram F.
When the valves are so arranged water from the pump or accummulator under
pressure passes through pipe J, valve P, upper branch of bifurcated passag. H
(of valve box H), valve %, compartment and pipe M for entering cylinder O
at 13 for continuing the downward stroke of piston O' in the direction of
The water in the annular area Ox will then pass along pipe L into
valve box H through chamber 8, valve, passage H³, compartment 11, valve h³,
lower branch of bifurcated passage H³, pipe G to cylinder E. Simultaneously
the water in cylinder 0 is being passed through passage O", pipe N, com-
partment, valve ', lower branch of bifurcated passage H³, pipe K, and
valve K to the tank.
arrow 2.
It will be readily understood from the herein described operations, when the
piston O' has been raised to its highest point in cylinder O by any of the herein
before described methods, that is, as the piston Oi descends (when acted upon by
the water entering the cylinder at 013 from pipe M) in the direction of arrow 2,
three distinct and varying pressures may be imparted to the ram F, namely first, a
full pressure from cylinder O through passage Ol; second, an intermediate pressure
from annular area Ox through pipe L; and third, a further diminished pressure
from annular area Ox and cylinder O simultaneously and respectively through
pipe L and passage O".
In the drawings I have shown an arrangement of valves at Figs. 1 to 5 which
will readily perform all the functions required in carrying this invention into
practice, but I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to
this precise arrangement, as other suitable arrangements may be employed in place
thereof. I would also further have it understood that I am aware that various
methods and arrangements of hydraulic apparatus have been proposed for utilizing
the water employed for one portion of their operation for afterwards imparting a
final pressure, and also for returning the piston to its lowest position by weights,
I therefore do not claim such broadly except when obtained by the means and in
the manner substantially such as herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. The arrangement and combination of valves, cylinders, and pistons, inlets
and outlets substantially as hereinbefore described by means of which the pressure
of water and the speed of hydraulic rams may be regulated according to the work
which has to be performed, that is to say, the combination of the cylinder O with

page_text: the smaller cylinder O" with the fixed tubular ram 06 whereby by exposing at
different times different areas to the action of the inlet water and at the same time
different areas to the water which communicates with the hydraulic press or other
machine, the hydraulic press or other machine may be fed with more or less water
and at a greater or less pressure from time to time as may be desired.
2nd. The arrangement and combination of parts substantially as hereinbefore
described by means of which water may be admitted to the cylinder of a hydraulic
press or other machine at two or three different stages of pressure as may be
desired, that is to say, first from cylinder O at a comparatively low pressure, then
by reversing the action from cylinder 0 and the annular area Ox at a greater
pressure, then by cutting off the connection with annular area O* from cylinder O³
at a still greater pressure.
3rd. The arrangement and combination of valves, levers, and passages sub-
stantially as herein before described and shown particularly at Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5
whereby the operation of the cylinders O and O with the fixed ram O® is regulated
and controlled and water admitted to the cylinder E at different pressures as may
be desired.
Dated the Twenty-first day of November 1892.