IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUIDS AND SEMI LIQUIDS FROM SUBSTANCES FOR PARTIALLY DRYING AND COMPACTING SUBSTANCES FOR STUFFING SAUSAGES, AND FOR ANALOGOUS USES.
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUIDS AND SEMI LIQUIDS
FROM SUBSTANCES FOR PARTIALLY DRYING AND COMPACTING SUBSTANCES
FOR STUFFING SAUSAGES, AND FOR ANALOGOUS USES. A communication
from abroad by John Gulick Baker, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING
LIQUIDS AND SEMI-LIQUIDS FROM SUBSTANCES, FOR PARTIALLY DRYING AND
COMPACTING SUBSTANCES FOR STUFFING SAUSAGES, AND FOR ANALOGOUS USES."
A communication from abroad by John Gulick Baker, of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, United States of America.
This Invention relates chiefly to the combination of a tapering casing having a
hopper outlet and perforations with a tapering screw, the thread of which fits
snugly but so as to turn freely in the said casing, all substantially as hereinafter
described, so as to form a machine by which liquids and semi-liquids can be
effectually and rapidly expressed from various substances, juices and syrups from
fruits; for instance, liquids from medicinal decoctions and the like; the machine
being also applicable to the partial drying of substances, to the stuffing of sausages,
and other analogous uses.
The Invention further relates to sundry improvements made with the view of
increasing the efficacy of the screw regulating the pressure which it imparts to the
substances acted on, maintaining the perforations clear of obstructions, and for the
attainment of other advantages.
In carrying out this Invention a tapering casing is employed, preferably of cast
iron, the same being secured at its larger end to a stand having two legs, each

page_text: provided with two lugs, one of which has a screw, so that both legs may be clamped
to a table; the upper portion of the stand forms the cover for the large end of the
casing and also serves as a bearing for the journal of a tapering screw, the said
journal being provided with a suitable handle. The edge of the thread of the screw
fits snugly but so as to turn freely in the interior of the casing, which near its large
end is provided with a hopper. On the underside of the casing is a hollow rib
within which is a chamber or channel, this chamber being closed near the small
end of the casing and terminating near the large end of the same, where there is a
single outlet or a number of outlets for a purpose hereinafter explained.
The chamber communicates with the interior of the casing through small 1
perforations in a plate which fits snugly on ledges, and which is held in place
longitudinally by the cover of the large end of the casing. It is important for the
purpose of facilitating the removal of obstructions that the upper surface of the
plate should be concave transversely and form a continuation of the surface of the
interior of the casing. The small end of the said casing is provided with means 1
whereby its outlet may be contracted or enlarged; such, for example, as a simple
screw which on being turned in one direction diminishes the area of the outlet, the
latter being increased on turning the screw in the opposite direction.
Other devices may be used for this purpose; for example, a vertically adjustable
plate may be secured in front of the outlet, the plate having a triangular opening. 2
It is preferred to provide the small end of the casing with a detachable ring in
which is the outlet, which ring may be screwed to its place so that it can be readily
withdrawn to make way for a nozzle or other attachment which it may be desirable
to connect to the casing. The chamber and removable plate may be dispensed
with, providing minute holes are bored through the casing.
The thread of the screw D has a differential pitch, the pitch gradually decreasing
from the large to the small end of the screw, thereby forming within the casing a
spiral chamber gradually decreasing in size.
2
The substances from which the liquid matter has to be strained are placed in the
hopper, and the screw is turned in such a direction that the thread will have a 3
tendency to withdraw the substances from the said hopper and force them through
the tapering spiral channel formed by the screw within the casing, in doing which
the pressure on the substances will gradually increase as they approach the small
end of the casing, the liquid matter thus forced from the materials meanwhile
passing through the perforated plate into the chamber and from the outlet at the
larger end of the casing, while the residual matter passes off through the outlet at
the smaller end.
Some materials and substances may require a greater pressure than others in
order to thoroughly strain the liquids from them and the desired variations of
pressure can be easily attained by regulating the area of the outlet at the smaller
end of the casing, the smaller the outlet the greater the pressure, and the pressure
dlminishing as the area of the outlet is increased.
When the machine is designed for operating on slippery substances it is advisable
to make grooves in the interior of the casing.
In some cases, as for example, where the substances operated on are compact and
tough it is advisable to form a spiral groove in the interior of the casing, this
groove being of a less pitch than that of the screw, and the grove and thread being
coiled, one to the right and the other to the left, so that the threads will cross the
groove at such an angle that the two combined will have a cutting and tearing
action on the substances subjected to the machine, this effect being enhanced by
the tendency of the screw with its large pitch to force the substances rapidly
towards the small end of the casing, while the groove with the smaller pitch has a
retarding influence on the substance.
The casing can be readily detached from the stand so as to expose the screw,
allow the perforated plate to be withdrawn, and the latter with other parts of the
machine to be cleansed.
Many different substances may be operated on by the machine; it may be applied.

page_text: for instance to the extracting of tinctures from medicinal decoctions, or to the
straining of the juices from berries and fruits generally in making jellies.
It is also available in many cases for drying or partly drying substances from
which the greater portion of the moisture may be expressed by subjecting it to the
3 machine, by which also plastic or yielding substances may be compacted; sausage
meat, for example, may be forced in a compact mass from the small end of the
machine, and through a nozzle attached to the same into the usual skins.
When the machine is used for this purpose a plain plate may be substituted for
the perforated plate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
March 1880.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING
LIQUIDS AND SEMI LIQUIDS FROM SUBSTANCES, FOR PARTIALLY DRYING AND
COMPACTING SUBSTANCES FOR STUFFING SAUSAGES AND FOR ANALOGOUS USES."
A communication from abroad by John Gulick Baker, of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, United States of America.
The said Invention relates chiefly to the combination of a tapering casing having
a hopper outlet and perforations with a tapering screw, the thread of which fits
snugly but so as to turn freely in the said casing, all substantially as hereinafter
described, so as to form a machine by which liquids and semi-liquids can be
effectually and rapidly expressed from various substances, juices, and syrups from
fruits, for instance, liquids from medicinal decoctions and the like, the machine
being also applicable to the partial drying of substances, to the stuffing of sausages,
and other analogus uses.
The said Invention further relates to sundry improvements made with the view
of increasing the efficacy of the screw regulating the pressure which it imparts to
the substances acted on, maintaining the perforations clear of obstructions, and for
the attainment of other advantages.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding part in all the Figures,―
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a perspective view of a tincture press
constructed according to the said Invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical section.
Figure 3 an end view, and Figure 4 a transverse section of the same.
Figures 5 and 6 are enlarged sectional views of parts of the machine.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate modifications of parts of the machine, and
Figures 9 and 10 are views illustrasing another modification.

page_text: Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 a tapering casing A, preferably of cast iron, is
secured at its larger end to a stand B, having two legs b, b¹, each provided with
two lugs a, a¹, one of which has a screw d so that both legs inny be clamped to a
table.
The upper portion c of the stand B forms the cover for the large end of the casing
and also serves as a bearing for the journal of the tapering screw D, the said
journal being provided with a suitable handle H. The edge of the thread of the
screw fits snugly but so as to turn freely in the interior of the casing, which near
its large end is provided with a hopper f
On the underside of the casing is a hollow rib E within which is a chamber or
channel h, best observed in the enlarged views, Figures 5 and 6, this chamber being
closed near the small end of the casing and terminating near the large end of the
same, where, as shown in Figure 2, there is a single outlet g; in the modification,
Figure 8, however, there are a number of outlets for the purpose hereinafter
explained.
The chamber communicates with the interior of the casing through small perfora-
tions in a plate i which fits snugly on ledges, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, and
which is held in place longitudinally by the cover of the large end of the casing.
It is important for reasons hereinafter explained that the upper surface of the
plate i should be concave transversely, and form a continuation of the surface of the
interior of the casing.
The small end of the said casing is provided with means whereby its outlet m
may be contracted or enlarged, the device shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 consisting
of a simple screw n which on being turned in one direction diminishes the area
of the outlet, the latter being increased on turning the screw in the opposite
direction.
Other devices may be used for this purpose, for example, a vertically adjustable
plate n¹ (Figure 7) may be secured in front of the outlet, the plate having a trian-
gular opening as shewn.
It is preferred to provide the small end of the casing with a detachable ring G in
which is the outlet m, the ring being in the present instance screwed to its place so
that it can be readily withdrawn to make way for a nozzle or other attachment
which it may be desirable to connect to the casing.
The chamber and removable plate i may be dispensed with providing minute
holes are bored through the casing, but the chamber and plate are preferred for the
reason that it is much more economical to make small holes through a thin plate
than through a thick cast iron shell, and for the further reason that plates with
perforations of different sizes to suit different substances can be readily fitted to the
casing.
It will be observed on referring to Figure 2 that the thread of the screw D has a
differential pitch, the pitch gradually decreasing from the large to the small end of
the screw, thereby forming within the casing a spiral channel gradually decreasing
in size.
The substances from which the liquid matter has to be strained are placed in the
hopper, and the screw is turned in such a direction that the thread will have a
tendency to withdraw the substances from the said hopper and force then through
the tapering spiral channel formed by the screw within the casing, in doing which
the pressure on the substances will gradually increase as they approach the small
end of the casing, the liquid matter thus forced from the materials meanwhile
passing through the perforated plate into the chamber h and from the outlet g,
while the residual matter passes off through the outlet m.
The extract from some substances is of such a thick semi-fluid character that it
cannot be easily disposed of through one outlet g, hence when the machine is
required for general use in operating on a variety of substances a number of
outlets from the chamber are provided, as shewn in Figure 8.
Some materials and substances may require a greater pressure than others in
order to thoroughly strain the liquids from them, and the desired variations of

page_text: pressure can be easily attained by regulating the area of the outlet m, the smaller
the outlet the greater the pressure, and the pressure diminishing as the area of the
outlet is increased.
As before remarked the edge of the thread of the screw 1 fits snugly in the
interior of the casing, of which the upper surface of the plate is a continuation,
hence any particles which obstruct the perforations will be swept away therefrom
by the edge of the screw, or if particles have stuck fast in the perforations, as shewn
in Figure 5, they will be cut off by the combined action of the rigid edge of the
thread and the edges of the perforations, whatever may be left behind in the latter
being easily forced out with the liquid.
When the machine is designed for operating on slippery substances it is advisable
to make grooves in the interior of the casing, as shown in Figure 10.
In some cases, as for example, where the substances operated on are compact and
tough it is advisable to form a spiral groove in the interior of the casing, as shown
in Figure 11; this groove being of a less pitch than that of the screw D, and the
groove and thread being coiled one to the right and the other to the left so that the
threads will cross the groove at such an angle that the two combined will have a
cutting and tearing action on the substances subjected to the machine, this effect
being enhanced by the tendency of the screw with its large pitch to force the
substances rapidly towards the small end of the casing, while the groove with the
smaller pitch has a retarding influence on the substance.
The two legs of the stand, each provided with a clamping device, impart a
steadiness to the whole machine in the right direction, that is, the direction best
adapted to resist the force applied to the handle.
The casing can be readily detached from the stand so as to expose the screw,
allow the perforated plate to be withdrawn, and the latter with the other parts of
the machine to be cleansed.
Many different substances may be operated on by the machine; it may be
applied for instance to the extracting of tinctures from medicinal decoctions, or to
the straining of the juices from berries and fruits generally in making jellies.
It is also available in many cases for drying or partly drying substances from
which the greater portion of the moisture may be expressed by subjecting it to the
machine; by which also plastic or yielding substances may be compacted, sausage
meat, for example, may be forced in a compact mass from the small end of the
machine and through a nozzle attached to the same into the usual skins.
When the machine is used for this purpose a plain plate may be substituted for
the perforated plate i.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The combination of the tapering casing A, its hopper f, outlet m, and
perforations with the metal screw D having a thread, the edge of which fits snugly
but so as to move freely in the said casing, all substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Second. The screw D having a pitch gradually decreasing from the large end in
combination with the casing A, its hopper perforations, and outlet m, all substan-
tially as hereinbefore described.
Third. The combination of the tapering screw and tapering casing and its
outlet m with a device, substantially as hereinbefore described, for diminishing or
increasing the area of the said outlet.
Fourth. The combination of the screw and casing with the detachable perforated
plate i, the surface of which is a continuation of the inner surface of the said casing,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fifth. The combination of the screw detachable perforated plate and casing

page_text: having a hollow rib in which is a chamber h, all substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Sixth. The combination of the casing, screw, and detachable perforated plate,
with the cover by which the said plate is retained in place, as hereinbefore
described.
Seventh. The combination of the tapering screw with a tapering casing, grooved
internally, as herein before described.
Eighth. The combination of the tapering casing with the detachable piece G, in
which is the outlet m, as hereinbefore described.
Ninth. The combination of the casing and its screw with a stand B, having two
clamping legs, and being arranged to close the large end of and form the support
for the casing, and to serve as a bearing for the journal of the screw, all substan-
tially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this my Specifica-
tion set my hand and scal, the Seventeenth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)