IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Gerner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1883.
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HENRY GERNER of New York "City United States of America IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM GENERATORS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
My invention, has for its object to construct a steam Generator in which the
heat of the products of combustion is better utilized and the smoke more completely
consumed, without unnecessarily increasing the space occupied by the generator,
and its cost.
Also to provide the generator with a feed water tank in which the feed water is
heated and purified from solid matters suspended therein, and which allows the
water to enter the generator so as to maintain a nearly constant level in the same.
For this purpose
provide the boiler with two internal conical flues placed
horizontally one above the other in such a manner that the gaseous products of
combustion travel from the wide part towards the narrow part of the flue.
I connect the two conical tubes with each other at the back by a short upright
tubè. or tubes, and establish or facilitate the desired circulation of water by means of
water pipes placed inside the flues along the same and so as to connect the bottom
of each tube with the top of the same.
The horizontal or main portion of each circulating pipe is made conical and placed
so that the water in ascending flows from the narrow to the wide end of the pipe,
the latter being bent upward, while the narrow end is bent downward-The wide
end may be connected with the bottom of the flue by one or more short pipes.
I prefer to place the grate in the front of the lower flue, and to shut the rear
end of the lower flue and the ends of the upper flue with metal discs internally
lined with fire bricks, and secured to the front or back plate of the boiler by studs
and screw nuts, so that the flues can be laid open by detaching the metal discs
together with their brick lining.

page_text: The grate is preferably lined at the sides with fire bricks, and a perforated
partition of refractory material placed behind the fire bridge at a short distance
from the same, the said partition being composed of hollow bricks (hexagonal
or otherwise) interlocked with each other and placed at such an angle that the
gases of combustion take an upward direction while passing through the partition,
while the deposit or soot will slide back into the space between the said partition
and the fire bridge.
The shell of the boiler is formed of two parallel cylinders concentric with the flues
and joined together between the latter so as to permit a free circulation of water,
the upper cylinder carrying the uptake, a dome and a feed water tank
communicating with the latter by pipes of which the lower one is provided with
a valve.
The position of the valve may be automatically regulated by a float so as to
admit water into the boiler when the level falls beyond a given limit-The feed
water tank is provided with a blow-off cock, and is connected with the upper
'cylindrical shell of the boiler by vertical pipes reaching nearly up to the mean level
of the water in the tank.
The fire door may be formed by an iron box open towards the furnace and on
one side and containing several vertical plates bent so as to direct the air admitted
from the side towards the furnace, a damper being placed in the air passage of the
door casing adapted to regulate the quantity of air admitted to the door. This
regulation, may be effected by a weight and a clock work connected with the door
hinge, so that the damper is opened and the weight drawn up by opening the door,
and that the damper is gradually closed after closing the door, the time of closing
being regulated by the said Clock work The door may carry a spring bolt which
fits into a tooth wheel mounted loose on a fixed shaft and gearing into another
tooth wheel adapted to set in motion a drum, on which is wound the string or
wire carrying the weight, and which is mounted on the axle of the damper. On
closing the door a pawl slips over a ratchet wheel so as to allow the damper to
remain open, and to be gradually closed by the weight controlled by the
clockwork
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In order to open the door without' moving the damper and weight the said
spring bolt is withdrawn so as to release it from the tooth wheel into which it
gears.
The boiler may be adapted for portable or stationary use-In the first instance
the grate is placed in the lower conical flue as described, and in the second
case the boiler is surrounded by brickwork and the furnace placed under the lower
shell.
2
PAR
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page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Gerner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st September..
1883..
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HENRY GERNER, of New York city, United States of America, "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN STEAM-GENERATORS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
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My invention has for its object to generate steam more economically, to burn
the fuel more thoroughly, and utilize the heat of the products of combustion more
completely, than has hitherto been the case; also to insure the safety of the
generator, and to effect a large saving in the space, especially in the length"
occupied by the same.
:
Also to provide the generator with a feedwater heater, in which the water is
simultaneously heated and purified from solid matter suspended therein, and which
maintains a nearly constant level of water in the generator.
f
In the following description reference will be had to the accompanying drawings,
of which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a boiler embodying my invention, and
Fig. 2. a horizontal section through the steam dome and feedwater heater along.
line X-X of Fig 1. Figure 3 represents a half section along line Y-Y and
Fig. 4 a half section along line Z-Z of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section above>
the grate, and Fig. 6 a front view showing the fire-door.
C
The scale for Figs. 1 and 2 is half of that of the other Figures.
嘉
The boiler consists chiefly of two horizontal cylindrical shells A and A¹, and:
two conical flues B. and B¹.
The shells are. connected with each other along their entire length by the bent!
plates C, C, and closed. at their. ends by the plates D, D', connected with the
Blues B, B. The upper shell carries a dome E, provided with cross stays et, and a
feedwater heater F, provided with water inlet T, blow off cock U, and man'
hole V,
The flues are concentrical to the shells and closed at their ends (exept at the
front end of the lower flue) by removable covers b, 61, 63, lined with fire bricks'
(ba ba bar)
An upright tube H connects the two flues B and B at the back. The lower
flue contains a grate I-lined at the sides with fire-brick i, furthermore a firebridge J,
one or more firebrick partitions K, and a circulating pipe L, while the upper flue
contains another circulating pipe L', and carries the uptake M surrounded by the
steam dome E.
The partition K is built up of hexagonal fire bricks interlocked with each other
and having perforations k, inclined at such an angle, that the ashes and soot
accumulated in the same slide back by gravity into the space behind the firebridge,
and that the gases.in passing through the partition are forced to take an upward
direction, being at the same time heated sufficiently at all times to insure perfect
combustion..
The circulating pipes L, L', connect the lower part of each flue with the upper
part and serve to produce increased circulation of the water.
The central portion of such circulating pipes is made horizontal and conical, so
that the diameter increases in the direction in which the gases of combustion
travel. The wider portion of each circulating pipe is also connected with the lower
part of its flue by a short pipe 7, 1, in order to ensure freedom from deposits in the
pipes. The firedoor may be of any suitable construction to obtain the result, or:
of that illustrated by Figs 1, 5, and 6, in which the door has the shape of a box N,
open towards the furnace and on one side..

page_text: The door is hinged to a bolt or spindle P, and contains several parallel plates n, n,
bent so as to direct the air entering from the side towards the furnace, these plates
having the object to receive a portion of the beat radiated by the fire and to heat
thereby the air before it reaches the fuel; they also serve in keeping the fire door
cool.
A damper S, turning on a horizontal shaft s, is placed in the air passage r, which
admits air to the fire-door casing R, and thereby to the fire door. This damper
serves to regulate the quantity of air, being controlled in its movement or position
by the fire-door' N and a clockwork Q in the following manner. On the shaft P
is mounted a ratchet wheel p, and a tooth wheel p', gearing into another tooth
wheel p; fixed on a vertical shaft O, which also carries a bevel wheel o; gearing
into another bevel wheel o¹, fixed to the shaft 8, of the damper.
To this wheel o¹, is fixed one end of a string q, passing over a drum of the clock
work Q, and carrying at the other end a weight q'.
When the spring bolt n' is in gear and the door is opened, the tooth
wheels p', p², o, and o¹, are turned, whereby the damper is opened, and the weight q,
wound up.
If now the door is being closed, the pawl p³ slides over the ratchet wheel p, so.as
to leave the damper open, but allows it to be gradually closed by the weight g¹, the
motion of which is controlled by the clockwork. The latter may be regulated by
setting the hand or pointer to the desired' figure.
For opening the door without moving the damper, it is sufficient to withdraw
the spring bolt n¹ by means of the knob or button attached to it. The feedwater
heater F communicates with the dome E by pipes e, e', e, of which the lowest,
e, is provided with a valve e³ connected with a float f, so that the rise and fall of
the water in the tank automatically controls the position of the valve e³.
The tank is also connected with the shell A¹ by vertical pipes f¹, f reaching
nearly to the mean water, level of the tank."
The tank is also provided with a feedwater pipe T, a blow-off cock U, and a
man hole V.
As long as the water in the boiler is near its normal level, the water in the tank
communicates with the water in the dome through the pipe el, the valve e³, remains
closed, and the solid impurities, contained in the feedwater, are allowed to settle at
the bottom of the tank, where they may be blown out through cock U.
But as soon as the water in the boiler falls below the pipe e¹ (or any other
allowable limit for which the valve and float are adjusted) the valve e³ is opened,
and water flows into the boiler through the pipe e.
"
The boiler is provided with a blow off cock G, and with the armatures and
fittings usually applied to steam-generators.
If made portable, as assumed in the drawing, the generator is provided with a
series of hoops a, or equivalent supports; if made stationary, the generator is
surrounded by brick work, and the furnace placed under the lower shell, instead of
being located in the lower flue, as shown.
I do not limit myself to the exact details described and represented by the
drawings for the purpose of illustration.
. What I claim is:
1. A steam generator having two conical inside. flues placed one over the other in
such a manner that the gases of combustion pass from the wide end to the
narrow end of both flues.
F
2. A steam generator having two parallel cylindrical shells, communicating with each
other and two conical inside flues, placed one in each shell and concentric to the
latter, in such a manner, that the gases of combustion pass first from the wide
end to the narrow end of the lower. flue, and then from the wide end to
the narrow end of the upper flue.
:
3. The combination of shells A, A', communicating with each other and carrying
a steam dome, with conical flues B, B', communicating with each other, as
described, and carrying the uptake and conical circulating pipes Li, L.
เ
:

page_text: In steam generators, a fire-brick partition or partitions, placed behind the fire
bridge, and composed of refractory bricks with openings, inclined at such an
angle, that the gases. pass through the partition or partitions in an upward
direction, and that the ashes or soot slide back by gravity.
A closed feed water heater, placed at the top of a steam generator, and connected
with the latter or with its dome by pipes, one of which is placed at or near
the mean level of the water in communication with the generator or dome,
while the other is placed near the bottom of the heater, also in communication
with the generator, and closed by a valve, connected with a float, so as to
open when the water level falls below the allowable limit.
The combination of a fire-door with a damper placed in the air passage, and
with mechanism for transmitting the motion of the door (while being opened)
to the damper and for drawing up a weight which by aid of an adjustable
clock work gradually closes the damper as the weight descends.
The whole substantially as described and illustrated.
In Witness whereof I, the said Henry Gerner, have hereunto set my hand
d seal this 29th day of August A.D. 1883.

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