Improvements in the Method of Treating and Tempering Open Hearth or Bessemer Steel Wire.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 14th Dec., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
:
Improvements in the Method of Treating and Tempering Open
Hearth or Bessemer Steel Wire.
We EDWARD WILSON GILLON of Brooklyn in the State of New York, Machinist, and
FREDERICK PARKER SMITH of, Winchenden in the State of Massachusetts, Merchant,
and GEORGE WILLARD WALES of Boston in the said State of Massachusetts, Salesman,
and all in the United States of America do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The invention relates to a method of treating and tempering Besseiner or Open
Hearth steel wire, which consists first in hard-drawing the said steel wire, and
subjecting the said hard-drawn steel wire to temper heat in a bath of molten metal
and then suddenly cooling the same, substantially as will be described.
The improved method of treating and tempering Open Hearth or Bessemer steel
wire is particularly adapted for tempering steel wire in the form of a spring, so that
the said spring may possess toughness,-and-at--the same time have its elasticity
increased to such degree, that it will not "set" or fail to recover its full length, or
original shape, when the compressing or bending force to which it is subjected, is
removed.
In making springs in accordance with this invention, the Bessemer or Open Hearth
Steel wire is first hard drawn and then made or bent into the proper shape by the
usual methods, and is then preferably covered with oil, preferably lard oil, after which
the oil coated wire spring is completely submerged in a bath of molten metal, pre-
ferably lead, and the said bath raised to a temperature about 650° Fahrenheit, more
or less, the said wire after being heated for a definite or predetermined time being
then immediately immersed in a bath of oil, water or other suitable substance.
The molten metal prevents the air coming in contact with the spring being heated,
thereby enabling the said spring to receive a uniform heat throughout its mass, so
that when it is immersed in the bath of oil, water, or other tempering fluid, the said
spring will receive a uniform temper throughout its entire mass.

page_text: Tho predetermined time which the spring is permitted to remain in the bath of
molten metal, varies with wire of different areas in cross section, but in most of our
experiments we have found from twenty to twenty-five seconds a sufficient time to
produce a favorable result.
It has been demonstrated by actual test, that springs made of hard drawn Bessemer
or Open Hearth wire and tempered by this method, possess practically permanent
elasticity, the said springs receiving practically no set or permanent distortion from
their original shape when acted upon by a great compressing force.
Springs such as described have been subjected for a long period of time to a
compressing force sufficient to place the coils in contact with one another, the said
spring recovering its original size and shape when the compressing force was
withdrawn.
Bessemer or Open Hearth hard drawn steel wire treated as above described, has
imparted to it the desired temper, so that some of the steps employed in the ordinary
process of tempering steel, such as tool steel, are omitted, the said steps consisting
in a second heating of the tool steel, and a gradual cooling or letting down of the
temper.
We have herein mentioned the temperature as 650° Fahrenheit, as by that we have
obtained excellent results, but we should consider slight variations from said ten-
perature, either way, within the scope of our invention.
In practice we have found that the temperature of the water, oil, or other
tempering fluid should not be over 60° Fahrenheit, the best results being obtained
with the temperature between 30° and 40° Fahrenheit.
Dated the 20th day of March 1888.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in the metrou of Treating ади тетрени орен
Hearth or Bessemer Steel Wire.
We EDWARD WILSON GILLON of Brooklyn in the State of New York, Machinist, and
FREDERICK PARKER SMITH of Winchenden in the State of Massachusetts, Merchant
and GEORGE WILLARD WALES of Boston in the said State of Massachusetts, Salesman,
and all in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to a method of treating and tempering Bessemer or Open
Hearth steel wire, which consists first in hard-drawing the said steel wire, and
subjecting the said hard-drawn steel-wire to temper heat in a bath of molten metal
and then suddenly cooling the same, substantially as will be described.
The improved method of treating and tempering Open Hearth or Bessemer steel
wire is particularly adapted for tempering steel wire in the form of a spring, so that
the said spring may possess toughness, and at the same time have its elasticity
increased to such degree, that it will not "set" or fail to recover its full length, or
original shape, when the compressing or bending force to which it is subjected, is
removed.
Other features of our invention are included in the following statement and
particular instance: id est, generally, the invention consists of the art or method of
treating and tempering Bessemer or Open Hearth steel wire consisting in first hard-
drawing the wire then immersing it in oil, then 'immersing the spring in a bath
of molten metal and finally cooling the spring by suddenly plunging it in a common
tempering bath. Or hard-drawing the wire of Bessemer or Open Hearth steel
properly shaping the spring and then successively subjecting it to baths of oil, molten
As a particular
metal at a temperature of about 650° F. and a cooling fluid.
instance in making springs in accordance with this invention, the Bessemer or
Open Hearth steel wire is first hard-drawn and then made or bent into the proper
shape by the usual methods, and is then preferably covered with oil, preferably lard
oil, after which the oil coated wire spring is completely submerged in a bath of
molten metal, preferably lead, and the said bath raised to a temperature of about
650° Fahrenheit, more or less, the said wire after being heated for a definite or pre-
determined time being then immediately immersed in a bath of oil, water or other
suitable substance.
The molten metal prevents the air coming in contact with the spring being heated,
thereby enabling the said spring to receive a uniform heat throughout its mass, so
that when it is immersed in the bath of oil, water, or other tempering fluid, the
said spring will receive a uniform temper throughout its entire mass.
The predetermined time which the spring is permitted to remain in the bath of
molten metal, varies with wire of different areas in cross section, but in most of our
experiments we have found from twenty to twenty-five seconds a sufficient time to
produce a favorable result.

page_text: It has been demonstrated by actual test, that springs made of hard drawn Bessemer
or Open Hearth wire and tempered by this method, possess practically permanent
elasticity, the said springs receiving practically no set or permanent distortion from
their original shape when acted upon by a great compressing force.
Springs such as shewn in the drawing have been subjected for a long period of
time to a compressing force sufficient to place the coils in contact with one another,
the said spring recovering its original size and shape when the compressing force
was withdrawn.
Bessemer or Open Hearth hard drawn steel wire treated as above described, has
imparted to it the desired temper, so that some of the steps employed in the ordinary
process of tempering steel, such as tool steel, are omitted, the said steps consisting in
a second heating of the tool steel, and a gradual cooling or letting down of the
temper.
We are aware prior to our invention that molten lead has been used to draw the
temper of tool steel, and so we do not claim the use of molten metal for that
purpose.
We have herein mentioned the temperature as 650° Fahrenheit, as by that we have
obtained excellent results, but we should consider slight variations from said tem-
perature, either way, within the scope of our invention.
In practice we have found that the temperature of the water, oil, or other
tempering fluid should not be over 60° Fahrenheit, the best results being obtained
with the temperature between 30° and 40° Fahrenheit.
The drawing shows a spiral spring such as may be composed of Bessemer or
Open Hearth steel tempered in accordance with our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. That improvement in the art or method of treating and tempering Bessemer or
Open Hearth steel wire, which consists in first hard-drawing the wire, next bending
or twisting it into the form of a spring, then immersing it in oil, then immersing the
spring in a bath of molten metal, and finally cooling the spring by suddenly plunging.
it in a common tempering bath, substantially as set forth.
2. That improvement in the art or method of making springs, which consists in
hard-drawing wire of Bessemer or Open Hearth steel, properly shaping the spring and
then successively subjecting it to baths of oil, molten metal at a temperature of about
650° F., and a cooling fluid, substantially as set forth.
Dated the 9th day of November 1888

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Treating and Tempering Open
Hearth or Bessemer Steel Wire.
We EDWARD WILSON GILLON of Brooklyn in the State of New York, Machinist, and
FREDERICK PARKER SMITH of Winchenden in the State of Massachusetts, Merchant,
and GEORGE WILLARD WALES of Boston in the said State of Massachusetts, Salesman,
and all in the United States of America do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
:-
The invention relates to a method of treating and tempering Bessemer or Open
Hearth steel wire, which consists first in hard-drawing the said steel wire, and
subjecting the said hard-drawn steel wire to temper heat in a bath of molten metal
and then suddenly cooling the same, substantially as will be described.
The improved method of treating and tempering Open Hearth or Bessemer steel
wire is particularly adapted for tempering steel wire in the form of a spring, so that
the said spring may possess toughness,-and-at-the-same time have its elasticity
increased to such degree, that it will not "set" or fail to recover its full length, or
original shape, when the compressing or bending force to which it is subjected, is
removed.
In making springs in accordance with this invention, the Bessemer or Open Hearth
Steel wire is first hard drawn and then made or bent into the proper shape by the
usual methods, and is then preferably covered with oil, preferably lard oil, after which
the oil coated wire spring is completely submerged in a bath of molten metal, pre-
ferably lead, and the said bath raised to a temperature about 650° Fahrenheit, more
or less, the said wire after being heated for a definite or predetermined time being
then immediately immersed in a bath of oil, water or other suitable substance.
The molten metal prevents the air coming in contact with the spring being heated,
thereby enabling the said spring to receive a uniform heat throughout its mass, so
that when it is immersed in the bath of oil, water, or other tempering fluid, the said
spring will receive a uniform temper throughout its entire mass.

page_text: Tho predetermined time which the spring is permitted to remain in the bath of
molten metal, varies with wire of different areas in cross section, but in most of our
experiments we have found from twenty to twenty-five seconds a sufficient time to
produce a favorable result.
It has been demonstrated by actual test, that springs made of hard drawn Bessemer
or Open Hearth wire and tempered by this method, possess practically permanent
elasticity, the said springs receiving practically no set or permanent distortion from
their original shape when acted upon by a great compressing force.
Springs such as described have been subjected for a long period of time to a
compressing force sufficient to place the coils in contact with one another, the said
spring recovering its original size and shape when the compressing force was
withdrawn.
Bessemer or Open Hearth hard drawn steel wire treated as above described, has
imparted to it the desired temper, so that some of the steps employed in the ordinary
process of tempering steel, such as tool steel, are omitted, the said steps consisting
in a second heating of the tool steel, and a gradual cooling or letting down of the
temper.
We have herein mentioned the temperature as 650° Fahrenheit, as by that we have
obtained excellent results, but we should consider slight variations from said tem-
perature, either way, within the scope of our invention.
In practice we have found that the temperature of the water, oil, or other
tempering fluid should not be over 60° Fabrenheit, the best results being obtained
with the temperature between 30° and 40° Fahrenheit.
Dated the 20th day of March 1888.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Treating and Tempering Open
Hearth or Bessemer Steel Wire.
We EDWARD WILSON GILLON of Brooklyn in the State of New York, Machinist, and
FREDERICK PARKER SMITH of Winchenden in the State of Massachusetts, Merchant
and GEORGE WILLARD WALES of Boston in the said State of Massachusetts, Salesman,
and all in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to a method of treating and tempering Bessemer or Open
Hearth steel wire, which consists first in hard-drawing the said steel wire, and
subjecting the said hard-drawn steel-wire to temper heat in a bath of molten metal
and then suddenly cooling the saine, substantially as will be described.
The improved method of treating and tempering Open Hearth or Bessemer steel
wire is particularly adapted for tempering steel wire in the form of a spring, so that
the said spring may possess toughness, and at the same time have its elasticity
increased to such degree, that it will not "set" or fail to recover its full length, or
original shape, when the compressing or bending force to which it is subjected, is
removed.
Other features of our invention are included in the following statement and
particular instance: id est, generally, the invention consists of the art or method of
treating and tempering Bessemer or Open Hearth steel wire consisting in first hard-
drawing the wire then immersing it in oil, then immersing the spring in a bath
of molten metal and finally cooling the spring by suddenly plunging it in a common
tempering bath. Or hard-drawing the wire of Bessemer or Open Hearth steel
properly shaping the spring and then successively subjecting it to baths of oil, molten
metal at a temperature of about 650° F. and a cooling fluid. As a particular
instance in making springs in accordance with this invention, the Bessemer or
Open Hearth steel wire is first hard-drawn and then made or hent into the proper
shape by the usual methods, and is then preferably covered with oil, preferably lard
oil, after which the oil coated wire spring is completely submerged in a bath of
molten metal, preferably lead, and the said bath raised to a temperature of about
650° Fahrenheit, more or less, the said wire after being heated for a definite or pre-
determined time being then immediately immersed in a bath of oil, water or other
suitable substance.
The molten metal prevents the air coming in contact with the spring being heated,
thereby enabling the said spring to receive a uniform heat throughout its mass, so
that when it is immersed in the bath of oil, water, or other tempering fluid, the
said spring will receive a uniform temper throughout its entire mass.
The predetermined time which the spring is permitted to remain in the bath of
molten metal, varies with wire of different areas in cross section, but in most of our
experiments we have found from twenty to twenty-five seconds a sufficient time to
produce a favorable result.

page_text: It has been demonstrated by actual test, that springs made of hard drawn Bessemer
or Open Hearth wire and tempered by this method, possess practically permanent
elasticity, the said springs receiving practically no set or permanent distortion from
their original shape when acted upon by a great compressing force.
Springs such as shewn in the drawing have been subjected for a long period of
time to a compressing force sufficient to place the coils in contact with one another,
the said spring recovering its original size and shape when the compressing force
was withdrawn.
Bessemer or Open Hearth hard drawn steel wire treated as above described, has
imparted to it the desired temper, so that some of the steps, employed in the ordinary
process of tempering steel, such as tool steel, are omitted, the said steps consisting in
a second heating, of the tool steel, and a gradual cooling or letting down of the
temper.
We are aware prior to our invention that molten lead has been used to draw the
temper of tool steel, and so we do not claim the use of molten metal for that
purpose.
We have herein mentioned the temperature as 650° Fahrenheit, as by that we have
obtained excellent results, but we should consider slight variations from said tem-
perature, either way, within the scope of our invention.
In practice we have found that the temperature of the water, oil, or other
tempering fluid should not be over 60° Fahrenheit, the best results being obtained
with the temperature between 30° and 40° Fahrenheit.
The drawing shows a spiral spring such as may be composed of Bessemer or
Open Hearth steel tempered in accordance with our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1. That improvement in the art or method of treating and tempering Bessemer or
Open Hearth steel wire, which consists in first hard-drawing the wire, next bending
or twisting it into the form of a spring, then immersing it in oil, then immersing the
spring in a bath of molten metal, and finally cooling the spring by suddenly plunging
it in a common tempering bath, substantially as set forth.
2. That improvement in the art or method of making springs, which consists in
hard-drawing wire of Bessemer or Open Hearth steel, properly shaping the spring and
then successively subjecting it to baths of oil, molten metal at a temperature of about
650° F., and a cooling fluid, substantially as set forth.
Dated the 9th day of November 1888.
WM. BROOKES & SON
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicants.