IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO VELOCIPEDES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES.”
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Warner Jones, of Exeter, in the County of
Devon, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Warner Jones, of Exeter, in the County of
Devon, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
VELOCIPEDES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Warner Jones.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1881.
FREDERICK WARNER JONES, of Exeter, in the County of Devon. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO VELOCIPEDES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE ALSO
TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in and relating to velocipedes
and other wheeled vehicles, and consists,
Firstly. In an improved form of bearing for the wheels, pedals, and other
surfaces.
Secondly. In an improved steering head and self contained brake for bicycles.
Thirdly. In an improved construction of pedal for velocipedes.
Fourthly. In an improved method of and apparatus for shifting the rider's centre
of gravity in a tricycle.
Fifthly. In an improved method of actuating the cranks, so that they become
footrests at will.
Under the first head I form an axle or spindle with two of its sides flattened,
and a flat surface is formed on a hard steel or other bearing which is slid over said
axle or spindle, securing them together; or other modes of connecting the same
might be used. This bearing carries on each side a pair of annular rims, each pair
of different diameter. I provide a small recessed cap or block to fit over the edges
of these rims, and with a lug or projection fitting a recess formed in the cap of the
bearing which comes over all, its outer flanges fitting (with a small allowance for
wear) over the axle. The lower cap of the bearing is not entirely solid, but a
recess or space is cut away so as to only have a bearing surface on the annular
rim of, say, of an inch. Thus a box or chamber for the supply of a lubricant
is provided. The two halves of the bearing are tightened by bolts and nuts or
otherwise. It will be seen that the actual amount of friction is only that caused
by the narrow rims running on their corresponding surfaces, whereby I obtain a
very satisfactory and cheap construction of bearing as compared with bearings not
of the ball or roller variety. The rims running in oil cause by capillary action a
constant stream of oil to flow between the frictional surfaces.
10
مطع

page_text: Under the second head I usually form the socket of my improved bicycle head
of approximately tapering form and bore the neck of the backbone to fit over it.
A recess is formed in the top of the shoulder of the fork, into which a projection
on the said neck fits and forms a bearing. A rod actuating the spoon brake passes
vertically through the head, and is connected to a finger lever placed by the
handle. The handle is bolted by a pin passing through the head and the brake-
rod; thus the brake-rod is protected by the head and a neater appearance
afforded, in addition to the advantage of bringing the spoon down vertically on
the wheel.
Under the third head I construct a pedal in such manner that by pressure of
the foot spikes or serrated surfaces are automatically forced to bite the boot or
shoe. To the pedal-plates are pivoted near the ends levers or plates formed with
segmental ends, and at their inner part formed with bent curved arms crossing
each other and with sharp points or carrying teeth, the said arm's passing round
the pedal pin. The boot sole bears on the segmental ends of the plates, which
rock as the pedal revolves and thereby force the spiked or serrated ends to bite
the boot sole, preventing its slipping on the pedals.
Under the fourth head I connect the seat or saddle with the chain or trans-
mitting wheels in such manner that as the seat is brought forward the pedals are
brought backward, so allowing the rider to be more directly over his work. It
consists in so pivoting the framing or rods carrying the saddle or seat and the
arms branching out from same, carrying the lower chain or transmitting wheel to
the main frame, that on moving the seat forward-by-a-screwed-rod and handwheel
-linked to both frames or otherwise, the lower wheel is brought under the rider
in the same proportion as the seat is advanced forward, and vice versa.
Under the fifth head I place in approximately corresponding grooves in a wheel
fixed to the driving wheels or to the crank shaft, and preferably in the spokes,
wedges, bolts, or their equivalent at slight angles with radius lines of the wheel.
Concentric with this wheel is the chain wheel running loose on the periphery of
the before mentioned wheel. The chain wheel on being forced round by the action
of the pedals presses against the wedges tending to increase the angle and thus
expand them, thus forming a frictional clutch connecting the two surfaces of the
wheels. Should however the rider desire to use the pedals as footrests he brings
an amount of pressure on the pedals, holding them till the wedges slip back, and
thus allowing the chain wheel to run round the internal wheel. If desired the
wedges may be placed in the outer wheel.
It will be apparent that the mechanical details of the various parts of my
Invention may be more or less modified without departing from the principle
thereof.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Warner Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th April 1882.
FREDERICK WARNER JONES, of Exeter, in the County of Devon,
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO VELOCIPEDES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE ALSO
TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in and relating to velocipedes,
part of which can be applied to other purposes, and consists, firstly, in an improved

page_text: form of bearing for the wheels, pedals, and other surfaces; secondly, in an
improved construction of pedal for velocipedes; and thirdly, in an improved
method of and apparatus for shifting the rider's centre of gravity in a tricycle.
Before proceeding to fully describe my Invention I wish to state that since filing
my Provisional Specification I have discovered that certain matters therein
contained were either not entirely novel or not of such practical utility as I had
at first imagined, and therefore I abandon and make no claim to them.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical section of my
bearing; Fig. 2, an elevation; Fig. 3, side view.
Under the first head I form an axle or spindle A with one or two of its sides
flattened, and a flat surface is formed on a hard steel or other bearing B which is
slid over the said axlo or spindle, securing them together, or other modes of
connecting the same night be used. This bearing carries on each side a pair of
annular rims, each pair of different diameter; or in place of fitting annular rims
in the bearing I find it more advantageous to form the bearing in one piece (as
shewn), that is, with two parallel rims a, a, and a rim of larger diameter formed by
the fustra of two truncated cones b, b, joined at their base by a narrow flat
periphery c. I provide a small recessed cap or block C to fit over the edges of
these rims, and with a lug or projection D fitting a recess formed in the cap E of
the bearing which comes over all, its outer flanges fitting (with a small allowance F
for wear) over the axle.
I make this cap or block C and lug D hollow, as shewn in the section Fig. 1,
and furnished with a small orifice where it bears on the rim c of the bush or
bearing B; G is an oil duct in the fork or frame, so that the cap or block C may
be filled with oil and so lubricate the bearing continuously. The cap or block C
bears on the bush B at the points c, d, d, being slightly flattened at the points d, d.
The lower part of the bearing being hollow forms a box or chamber for the supply
of a lubricant. The two halves of the bearing case are tightened by bolts and
nuts or otherwise. It will be seen that the actual amount of friction is only that
caused by the narrow rims running on their corresponding surfaces, whereby I
obtain a very satisfactory and cheap construction of bearing as compared with
bearings not of the ball or roller variety. The rims running in oil cause by
capillary action a constant stream of oil to flow between the friction surfaces.
Under the second head, referring to Fig. 4 a plan, Fig. 5 a side elevation, Fig. 6
a side view between dotted lines x, x, of Fig. 5, I construct a pedal in such manner
that by pressure of the foot spikes or serrated surfaces are automatically forced to
bite the boot or shoe. To the pedal plates (or to the spindle H, as shewn) are
pivoted levers or plates I, I', formed with segmental or flat ends J, and at their
inner part formed into bent, curved, or (as shewn) straight arms K crossing each
other and with sharp points or teeth L, L, L. The boot sole bears on the segmental
or flat ends of the plates J, which rock as the pedal revolves and thereby force the
spiked or serrated ends K, L, L, to bite the boot sole preventing its slipping. The
mode of pivoting the levers or plates I, I¹, is shewn in Fig. 6, the ends of the
sleeve M of which they form part being cut as shewn, so that the one serves as a
'stop" to the other.
Under the third head (referring to Fig. 7, a perspective view; Fig. 8, a back
view of the swinging frame; Fig. 9, a side view of the same in position) I connect
the framework that carries both the seat or saddle and the chain or transmitting
wheels in such manner with the frame of the machine that as the seat or saddle is
brought forward the pedals are brought backward, so allowing the rider to be more
directly over his work. It consists in so pivoting the framing which carries the
saddle or seat, and the arms branching out from same carrying the lower chain or
transmitting wheel to the main-frame, that on moving the framing forward by a
screwed rod and hand wheel linked to both frames, as shewn at Z, Fig. 7, or
otherwise, the lower chain wheel is brought backwards under the rider at the same
time as the seat is advanced forward, or vice versa. The plan I prefer and on
which I am now largely constructing tricycles known as the "Special Devon " is

page_text: shewn in Figs. 8 and 9, in which N shews the swing frame formed in one piece,
the arched part O having a socket for the saddle or seat rod P and sockets or
bearings P¹ formed to receive the pins or fulcra Q carried by the main frame R.
The lower arms S carry the pedals T as usual. To shift the saddle or seat forward
and the pedals correspondingly backward (or vice versa), as shewn by dotted lines
(Fig. 9), I employ a lever pivoting on a fulcrum U carried by the tie rod or
beam V of the main frame. On the arched part O of the swing frame I provide
a segmental rack W, which is held in any required notch by the cranked end of
the lever X; or I may construct a fixed rack and allow it to engage with the
moving frame or scat. Should the rider desire to change his centre of gravity he
raises the lever X, thus setting free the rack and allowing the frame that carries
the seat and pedals to swing free, and then inclines his body backward or forward
the required distance. He then lowers the lever, so locking the rack W and swing
frame N in the desired position. Many other ways may be adopted of moving
and locking the swing frame, and I do not bind myself to the exact methods
shewn. It will be seen that the principle might also be applied to certain other
velocipedes driven otherwise than by chains, the pedals and the seat being so
arranged to move, as before described, either together or separately.
That part of my Invention described under the first head may be also applied to
bearings for other wheeled vehicles.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the best mode
known to me of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I
believe to be novel and original and therefore desire to claim under the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Under the First Head.-Constructing bearings for velocipedes and other wheeled
vehicles, substantially as described.
Under the Second Head.-Constructing pedals for velocipedes, so that the
pressure of the rider's foot shall cause pivoted arms or levers carrying spikes or
teeth to rise or move and force such spikes or teeth to enter into or bite the sole
of the boot or shoe, as and for the purposes described.
Under the Third Head.-Constructing tricycles and like velocipedes with a
swing frame carrying the saddle or seat and the pedals pivoted inside the main
frame, so that by the movement of a hand wheel, lever, or other means, the saddle
or seat may be brought held forward with the pedals correspondingly retracted
or vice versa, as and for the purposes described.
and
or
In witness whercof, I, the said Frederick Warner Jones, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of April 1882.
Witness,
F. DES VEUX,
Of the Firm of Des Voeux & Colton,
Patent Office,
32, Southampton Buildings,
W.C.
F. WARNER JONES.
(L.S.)