Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Cement.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left. 19th Oct., 189'-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Cement.
I WILLIAM ROWLAND TAYLOR of 2 Star Hill Villas Rochester in the County
of Kent Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
One of the principal objects of my invention is to ensure the thorough mixing of
cement making materials which I effect by blowing or forcing them together in a
powdered state or in a liquified condition for instance presuming the materials to
be clay and chalk the clay may be mixed with liquid such as water or liquid
hydrocarbon and the chalk may be powdered or both the clay and the chalk may
be powdered and they are then introduced into the mixing vessel by blowing or
forcing them in opposed streams one against the other. The means by which the
blowing or forcing is effected may be superheated or ordinary steam or it may be
air or other fluid which may be compressed for the purpose. The mixture can
then be further incorporated by rakes or stirrers and coal or other fuel be mixed
with it.
The materials after being moulded into bricks with perforations or extended
heating surfaces are burned for which purpose I preferably use an adjustable rotary
kiln having in connection with it a circular flue placed inside another cylinder of
larger diameter the space between being filled with water supplied from an over-
head tank or other source of supply placed say above one end of the flue so that as
the water is heated it ascends into another tank placed say above the opposite end
of the flue. The hot water so obtained will serve for use in preparing the cement
making materials for feeding the boiler or for any other purpose. Inside the
internal flue there may be a conveyor on which the bricks are placed and traversed
so as to be dried preparatory to being burned in the kiln. The drums and spindles
carrying the conveyor chains may be hollow with a circulation of water running
through them. The bricks are introduced from the said flue into the kiln which
may be of any suitable form but I prefer a rotary kiln.
In connection with any kiln in which the burning of limestone, dolomite, liasstone
cement compound or other materials containing carbonic acid gas is effected I use
a fan or the like for increasing the draught and for causing to be conveyed to a
receptacle the carbonic acid gas given off in the kiln it being if desired purified
and liquified so that it can be used for any desired purpose such as for motive
power for instance or any other of the numerous purposes for which this gas may
be required. The said fan can be arranged in a chimney fixed near the inlet end
of the aforesaid flue.
The rotary kiln itself may be of iron, lined with fire brick and it is preferably
made adjustable to any desired angle and the lower end of the kiln whereat the
clinker is drawn has fire bars capable of moving in guides so as to be withdrawn
and replaced by means of a screw. The said kiln can be supplied with coal or fuel
by a hopper near where the bricks are introduced the inlet being preferably cooled
by a circulation of water around it the fuel and bricks of cement material, limestone
dolomite, liasstone, or similar materials being preferably introduced in the way
adopted with conical kilns that is fuel is introduced then some bricks then fuel then
bricks and so on. The material can be fused by gas or by liquid fuel.
When using a conical kiln I may utilize the otherwise waste heat by introducing
a coil or pipes at the top of each kiln but so as not to interfere with the draught
connecting these coils or pipes together and putting them in communication with a
tank or other source of water supply so as to get a continuous circulation of water.

page_text: In a flue kiln the water coils or pipes may be put in the flue close to the kiln in a
position in which they will not interfere with the passage of the materials.
Dated this 21st day of January 1891.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of 'Cement.
I WILLIAM ROWLAND TAYLOR of 2 Star Hill Villas Rochester in the County
of Kent Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
One of the principal objects of my invention is to ensure the thorough mixing of
cement making materials which I effect by blowing or forcing them together in a
powdered state, or in a liquefied condition. For instance, presuming the materials
to be mixed to be clay and chalk, the clay may be mixed with liquid such as water,
or liquid hydrocarbon, and the chalk may be powdered; or both the clay and the
chalk may be powdered and they are then introduced into the mixing vessel by
blowing, or forcing them in opposed streams one against the other. The means by
which the blowing or forcing is effected, may be superheated, or ordinary, steam,
or it may be air, or other fluid, which may be compressed for the purpose. The
mixture can then be further incorporated by rakes or stirrers, and coal or other
fuel be mixed with it.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in elevation and Figure 2 in
section an arrangement according to my invention. A is the mixing chamber into
which project oppositely placed tubes B and C into which the materials to be mixed
are introduced from the inlet passages and c. Into the outer ends of these tubes
project nozzles and by which the agents employed to force the materials
together are admitted. The tubes B and C each preferably terminates at its inner
end in a bell mouth for dispersing or spreading the materials. Presume that
powdered chalk is admitted at 6 and a solution of clay at c and that compressed air
is admitted at 2 and superheated steam at c² the powdered chalk and solution of
clay are intimately mixed by being forced by the said air and steam against each
other in opposite streams.
Beneath the tubes B and C there may be stirrers or the like in the chamber A
by which the materials may be further mixed and incorporated with fuel if desired.
The materials after being moulded into bricks preferably with perforations or
extended heating surfaces are burned, for which purpose I preferably use an adjustable
rotary kiln part of which is shewn at D in Figure 3 the said kiln having in con-
nection with it a circular flue E placed inside another cylinder F of larger diameter
the space between being filled with water supplied by the pipe y from an overhead
tank G or other source of supply placed say above one end of the flue as shewn so
that as the water is heated it ascends into the chamber or dome and can be drawn
off by the pipe f. The hot water so obtained will serve for use in preparing the
cement making materials or for feeding the boiler or for any other required purpose.
Inside the internal flue there may be a conveyor H on which the bricks are placed
and traversed so as to be dried preparatory to being burned in the kiln. This
conveyor I may make of any material that will not fuse or 1 coat a metal conveyor
with asbestos or other suitable non-conducting material. It is, or chains carrying
it are, passed around pulleys or drums at either end to which or to one of which
motion is given by any suitable motor. The drums or both the drums and spindles
carrying the conveyor chains may be hollow with a circulation of water running
through them a hollow drum is shewn at h for this purpose. The bricks are
introduced from the said flue into the kiln which may be of any suitable form but I

page_text: prefer a rotary kiln such as is described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me No. 5719, of 1890 I do not limit myself to making the flues E and F
circular in cross section.
In connection with any kiln in which the burning of limestone, dolomite, liasstone,
cement compound, or other materials containing carbonic acid gas, is effected I may
use a fan, or the like for increasing the draught and for causing to be conveyed to
a receptacle the carbonic acid gas given off in the kiln it being if desired purified
and liquified so that it can be used for any desired purpose such as for motive
power for instance or any other of the numerous purposes for which this gas may be
required. The said fan can be arranged in any suitable position such as in the
chimney fixed near the inlet end of the aforesaid flue as shewn at I in Figure 3.
The rotary kiln itself may be of iron lined with fire brick and it is preferably
made adjustable to any desired angle and the lower end of the kiln whereat the
clinker is drawn may have fire bars capable of moving in guides so as to be with-
drawn and replaced by means of a screw as shewn in the Specification of the
aforesaid Letters Patent No. 5719 of 1890. The said kiln can be supplied with
coal or fuel by a hopper near where the bricks are introduced the inlet being
preferably cooled by a circulation of water around it the fuel and bricks of cement
material limestone, dolomite, liasstone, or similar materials, being preferably
introduced in the way adopted with conical kilns that is fuel is introduced, then some
bricks then fuel then bricks and so on. The material can be fused by gas, or by
liquid fuel.
When using a conical kiln or kilns I may utilize the otherwise waste heat by
introducing a coil of pipes at the top of each kiln as shewn at k in Figure 4 but so
as not to interfere with the draught these coils or pipes being connected together by
the pipe and put into communication by the pipes 3 with tanks K or other
source of water supply and receiver so connected as to get a continuous circulation
of water. In a flue kiln the water coils or pipes may be put in the flue close to the
kiln in a position in which they will not interfere with the passage of the materials.
In Figure 5 they are shewn at in the flue at the base of the chimney. In this
figure the parts which are shewn which correspond to those shewn in Figure 4 are
marked with the same letters of reference.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Mixing cement making materials by blowing, or forcing, them together, in
opposed streams and whilst in a powdered, or liquified, state.
2. In combination with cement making kilns an enclosing casing for containing
and heating water and having a flue, or passage, passing through it, into which the
heated air and products of combustion from the kiln or its furnace pass substantially
as hereinbefore described and with, or without, a conveyor for drying the unburnt
cement making materials in the said flue, or passage.
3. In combination with cement making kilns a fan, or the like, for withdrawing
carbonic acid gas from the kiln and with, or without, means for receiving, and, if
desired, purifying and liquifying, the said gas, substantially as bereinbefore
described.
4. In combination with cement making kilns coils, or pipes, for heating water by
the otherwise waste heat of the kiln, substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The construction of cement making kilns substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
2001
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.