Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 16th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Accepted, 16th Dec., 1887
We, Sir GEORGE HAYTER CHUBB, Knight, HARRY WITHERS CHUBB, A.M.I.C.E.
both of 128 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, and HAROLD STEAD BALL,
of Melbourne Grove, East Dulwich, in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
;
This invention relates partly to what are known as permutation or combination
locks, partly to ordinary lever locks and partly to the locks and lock bolts of safe and
other doors.
That part of the invention which relates to permutation or combination locks
applies to such locks whether they are operated by keys or are of the kind known as
keyless locks, and this part of the invention is of the following character:-
In key locks of this kind as heretofore constructed, two series of slides or levers
have usually been employed, a primary and a secondary series. The slides or levers
composing the primary series are raised to various heights by the steps of the key
when it is required to shoot the bolt, and the slides or levers composing the
secondary series are carried up to similar heights by those of the primary series,
and are carried away and detached from those of the primary series by the bolt as it
is shot out, and they remain detached and raised to the said various heights after the
primary slides or levers have been lowered to their normal positions and so long as
the bolt remains shot. Before the bolt can be withdrawn, that is before the lock can
be unlocked, all the slides or levers of the primary series must be raised again to
exactly the same positions they occupied when the slides or levers of the secondary
series became detached from them by the shooting of the bolt before the said slides or
levers of the secondary series can again become engaged with those of the

page_text: primary series so as to admit of the bolt being moved back or withdrawn. In this
arrangement the secondary series of slides or levers is connected with the primary
series when the lock is unlocked and disconnected therefrom when the lock is locked,
and it is not impossible to get at the secondary series of slides or levers when in their
detached and elevated positions in order to measure the various heights to which they
have been raised and from those measurements to construct a false key which will
open the lock.
Now according to our present invention we arrange the mechanism so that the
secondary series of slides or levers, or the equivalent thereof, is connected with the
primary series when the lock is locked, and disconnected therefrom when the lock is
unlocked. We employ for this purpose either slides or levers for the primary series,
and either slides, levers, or discs for the secondary series. When employing discs
(which we prefer) for the secondary series, we make them with series of teeth
cut on their peripheries which teeth are capable of gearing with similar teeth cut on
the adjacent edges of the slides or levers of the primary series. Each of these
secondary discs is provided with a notch or gate cut in its periphery for the reception
of a stump carried on one end of a lever dog to be hereafter described. The discs
are mounted so as to turn freely on a pin carried on a lever arm oscillating on a
suitable fixed fulcrum. This arm is acted upon by inclined planes, cam surfaces,
projections, grooves, or slots, on, or in, the bolt, or the secondary series may be
mounted on a sliding piece instead of on a lever arm. The beforementioned lever
dog is carried on the same fulcrum as the arm carrying the aforesaid discs, or a
special fulcrum may be provided for it if preferred. One end of this lever dog carries,
as above described, a stump which takes, when the lock is unlocked, into the
notches or gates cut in the discs, and the other end enters, when the lock is
locked, a notch in the bolt.
Assuming that the lock is in its unlocked position, that is to say, with the bolt with-
drawn, the arm carrying the secondary discs is held by the bolt in such a position that
the teeth on the edges of the said discs are out of gear with those on the edges
of the primary slides or levers, the stump on the dog lever is engaged in all the
gates of the discs and the other end of the dog lever is disengaged from the notch in
the bolt. If now an appropriate key he introduced and turned in the proper direction,
the primary slides or levers will be raised to various heights corresponding to the steps
on the key, and the latter will then begin to shoot the bolt outwards; the bolt acts
upon the arm carrying the secondary discs, turning it on its fulcrum so that by
the time the bolt is fully shot out the teeth of the discs are brought into gear with
those on the elevated primary slides or levers, at the same time disengaging the
stump of the lever dog from the gates in the discs and engaging the other end of
the lever dog in the notch of the bolt. As the revolution of the key is completed,
the primary slides or levers fall to their normal positions, and their teeth being
engaged in those of the secondary discs, the latter, which are no longer held by the
stump of the lever dog, are turned into various positions according to the heights
to which their corresponding primary slides or levers have been raised. The gates
in the discs are consequently so displaced that the stump on the lever dog cannot
enter them, therefore the opposite end of the lever dog cannot be raised out of the
notch in the bolt, and the latter cannot possibly be drawn back until the discs are all
turned again so that their gates are brought opposite to the stump on the lever dog;
and as the gates of the discs are turned by the falling of the primary slides or
levers into positions remote from the keyhole, with the bodies of the discs and the
stump on the lever dog interposed, to a great extent, between the said gates and the
keyhole, it is quite impossible to insert any instruments through the keyhole by which
the respective distances of the gates from the stump could be measured and there-
fore impossible to obtain such data as would enable a key to be made that would open
the lock.
When the same key as that with which the bolt was shot, or one exactly like it, but
no other, is introduced and turned, the primary slides or levers are raised to the same

page_text: heights as before so as to bring the gates of the secondary discs again opposite the
stamp on the lever dog and then, and not till then, can the opposite end of the lever
dog be disengaged from the notch in the bolt by the bottom primary slide or lever, or
otherwise. When that is effected, the key begins to move the bolt back, and the
latter acts upon the arm carrying the discs in such manner that the teeth of the
latter are drawn out of gear with those on the primary slides or levers, and these
are then free to fall back into their normal positions independently of the secondary
discs.
Instead of a secondary series of toothed discs being mounted on the arm, a secondary
series of toothed slides, racks or levers ma be employed, such toothed slides, racks,
or levers being engaged with the primary slides or levers when, and while the bolt is
in its locked or shot out position, and disengaged therefrom when, and while the bolt
is in its unlocked or withdrawn position.
The lever arm carrying the discз may be moved in both directions by the bolt
or in one direction only thereby, and in the opposite direction by a spring. Instead
of the above described lever dog, either of the well known forms of bolt stumps may
be employed in combination with the two series of slides, levers, or discs operating as
above described.
Instead of mounting the secondary discs, racks or slides on an oscillating lever arm
actuated by the bolt for the purpose of putting the said discs, racks, or slides, in and
out of gear with the primary slides or levers, the said secondary discs, racks, or slides
may be mounted on a fixed stud and the primary slides or levers mounted on and
carried by the tail of the bolt, so that when the latter is shot, the primary slides or
levers are carried by it into gear with the secondary discs &c., and when it is with-
drawn the primary slides or levers are carried by it out of gear with the said secondary
discs, racks, or slides. In this case the stump which enters the gates in the secondary
discs, racks, or slides may be carried by the bolt or otherwise.
Instead of mounting the primary slides or levers on the tail of the bolt itself, they
may be mounted on a sliding piece independent of, but governed by, the movement of
the bolt tail.
In place of using only two sets, namely a primary and a secondary set of levers,
discs, or slides, as hereinbefore described, we may use one or more sets of intermediate
levers, discs, or slides.
The same arrangements are applicable to keyless permutation or combination locks
by employing the following modifications:-The primary slides or levers of the key
permutation lock are replaced in the keyless permutation lock by discs provided with
teeth on their peripherios, and a series of secondary discs toothed on their peripheries
is mounted on an arm in a manner similar to that above described in reference to the
key combination lock. These secondary discs have notches or gates cut in their
peripheries and a pin on one arm of an oscillating latch segment or fence takes into these
notches or gates when they are brought into line so as to enable the bolt to be thrown
back. The secondary discs are kept in gear with the primary discs of the permutation
lock at all times except when it is desired to change the combination of the latter. In
order to effect this change of combination the bolt is withdrawn and the secondary
discs drawn out of gear with the combination discs of the permutation lock by means
of an index arm or handle on the inside of the door, or otherwise. The combination
can then be altered as desired by turning the knob on the outside of the door in
relation to a divided dial, the numbers of the new combination are noted, and the
secondary discs are then brought again into gear with the discs of the permutation
lock by the aforesaid index arm or handle or otherwise and the bolt is shot; this
withdraws the pin of the latch segment or fence from the gates of the secondary discs
and the latter are then disarranged by turning the handle of the permutation lock.
In order to unlock the bolt the permutation lock must be set in the usual way to the
combination for which it has last been arranged; this brings the gates of the secondary
discs in line opposite the pin on the latch segment or fence which pin then enters the
said gates under the action of a spring and the bolt is released and thrown back
by the action of the latch segment or fence. This latch segment or fence serves

page_text: both to dog the bolt when in the locked position and to move it in the act of locking
and unlocking.
The secondary discs are prevented from being disconnected from the primary discs
of the permutation lock, while the bolt is out, by means of a tail piece or latch
connected with the lever arm carrying the secondary discs; this tail piece bears
upon the bolt while the same is shot but is free to pass into a notch therein when the
same is drawn back. To prevent the pin on the arm of the segment latch or fence
from coming in contact with the teeth on the peripheries of the secondary discs,
it bears against the smooth edge of a plain disc of a diameter slightly larger than that
of the said secondary discs and turning on the same spindle as they, or each of
the secondary discs may be provided with a similar plain disc. This combination
of the series of secondary discs with the primary discs of the permutation lock
enables the combination of the latter to be changed as desired without taking the
said lock to pieces.
That part of the invention which relates to ordinary lever locks consists of
arrangements whereby any attempt to pick snch locks by applying pressure to the
bolt, and feeling the position of the gates in the levers by the catching of the bolt
stump in them, as the levers are raised one after the other, is frustrated. For this
purpose I make the levers with teeth on their outer ends and with gates as usual into.
which the stump of the bolt is free to pass when the said gates are brought in line
opposite to it. One end of a lever dog takes into a notch in the bolt and prevents the
same from being moved endwise sufficiently to enable its stump to be brought in
contact with the ends of the levers for the purpose of feeling the positions of their
gates. The other end of the lever dog is adapted to take into one or more of the
teeth of the levers when the opposite end of the lever dog is raised out of the notch
in the bolt. A cam on the barrel or curtain raises, either directly or by the intervention
of a lever, slide, or wheel, the one end of this lever dog out of its notch in the bolt
when it is desired to lock or unlock the lock, but in doing so the other end of the
lever dog is brought into gear with the teeth on the ends of the levers and prevents
the latter from being moved up or down, consequently if they have not been all
previously raised to their proper heights to allow the bolt stump to pass into their
gates they cannot be moved into those proper heights until the lever dog is allowed
to return into its notch in the bolt and to be disengaged from the teeth of the levers.
By these arrangements on the one hand, the bolt cannot be moved endwise without
lifting the lever dog out of its notch, and on the other, if the lever dog is so lifted
without all the levers having been previously raised to their proper positions, they
cannot be raised into such positions till the lever dog is returned into its notch in the
bolt. The lever dog may be forced into its notch in the bolt by means of a spring,
and instead of being moved by a cam on the barrel or curtain, it may be moved by a
step of the key acting upon a projection of the lever dog.
The last above described arrangements may be applied to the combination key lock
arrangements above described in which the secondary discs, racks, or slides, are carried
on a fixed stud and the primary slides or levers on the tail of the bolt.
Such key or keyless permutation locks as are herein before described, or other locks
having a bolt suitable for the purpose, may be used to secure the larger locking bolts
of safe doors or other closing means for securing valuables or other property. For
this purpose we employ an improvement on the arrangement described in the speci-
fication of a patent granted to John Chubb and William Henry Chalk dated
3rd November 1866 No. 2856 in which the bolts are caused to move in a diagonal
or inclined direction with reference to the sides and top and bottom of the door
whereby such bolts when shot out into corresponding obliquely formed holes or
recesses in the door frame tend to prevent the said door frame from being bent
outwards. The present improvement consists in arranging a double set of such
diagonally acting bolts, each set being adapted to move out in directions at right
angles or thereabouts to one another. The bolts may preferably be arranged in pairs,
each pair issuing from one of the holes in the sides, top, or bottom of the door and
entering one of the apertures in the corresponding part of the door frame. Each of

page_text: the bolts composing a pair moves out at an angle of 45° with the meeting line of the
door and frame, that is, in directions at right angles to each other, so that as their
ends pass into the aperture in the door frame, they diverge and form, when shot out,
a complete dovetail enclosed in an aperture the ends of which are inclined both ways
to correspond to the shape of the said dovetail. By this means additional security is
obtained against bending out of the door frame to force the door open. The double
set of bolts may be actuated by a suitable modification of the usual central disc or cam
arrangement such as, for example, that described in the specification of a patent
granted to Charles Chubb in the year 1835 No. 6832, or one set of bolts may be
operated by the said disc or cam and the other set connected to the first set in such
manner as to receive its requisite motion therefrom direct, or by the intervention of
levers, links, or other suitable mechanical devices.

page_text: We, Sir GEORGE HAYTER CHUBB, Knight, HARRY WITHERS CHUBB, A.M.I.C.E.
both of 128 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, and HAROLD STEAD BALL,
of Melbourne Grove, East Dulwich, in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying six Sheets of Drawings and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:-
:-
This invention relates partly to what are known as permutation or combination
locks, partly to ordinary lever locks, and partly to the locks and lock bolts of safe and
other doors.
That part of the invention which relates to permutation or combination locks applies
more or less to such locks whether they are operated by keys or are of the kind known
as keyless locks, and this part of the invention is of the following character:-
In key locks of this kind as heretofore constructed two series of slides or levers
have usually been employed, a primary and a secondary series, as illustrated in Figures 1
and 2 of the Drawings hereto annexed, in which Figure 1 shows such a lock with
the parts in the positions they occupy when the bolt is thrown back and Figure 2 the
same lock with the slides removed. The slides or levers A composing the primary series
are raised to various heights by the steps of the key when it is required to shoot the
bolt, and the slides or levers B composing the secondary series are carried up to
similar heights by those of the primary series, and are carried away, and detached from
those of the primary series, by the bolt C as it is shot out; and they remain
detached, and raised to the said various heights, after the primary slides or levers A
have been lowered to their normal positions (as shown in dotted lines in Figure 1) and
they are held at those various heights by the hooks D taking into the teeth on the
fronts of the said secondary slides so long as the bolt C remains shot. Before the bolt C
can be withdrawn, that is before the lock can be unlocked, all the slides or levers A
of the primary series must be raised again to exactly the same positions they occupied
when the slides or levers B of the secondary series became detached from them by
the shooting of the bolt C, before the slides or levers B of the secondary series can
again become engaged with those of the primary series so as to admit of the bolt C
being moved back or withdrawn. In this arrangement the secondary series of slides
or levers is connected with the primary series when the lock is unlocked, and discon-
nected therefrom when the lock is locked, and it is not impossible to get at the
secondary series of slides or levers when in their detached and elevated positions in
order to measure the various heights to which they have been raised, and from these
measurements to construct a false key which will open the lock.

page_text: In locks of this description any key cut with steps or bits differing to any extent
in length, but of the same number and thickness as the primary levers or slides can be
used to lock the lock, and the same key that locks will alone unlock the lock.
Now according to our present invention we arrange the mechanism so that the
secondary series of slides or levers, or the equivalent thereof, is connected with the
primary series when the lock is locked, and disconnected therefrom when the lock is
unlocked. We employ for this purpose either slides or levers for the primary series,
and either slides, levers, or discs for the secondary series. When using discs (which
we prefer) for the secondary series we sometimes employ the arrangements shown in
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Drawings, in which Figure 3 shows a lock with parts
of the top plate cut away to show the internal mechanism, the parts being in the
positions they occupy when the bolt is withdrawn. Figure 4 shows the same lock
with the top plate removed and the parts in the positions they occupy when the bolt is
shot. Figure 5 shows the same lock with the primary and secondary slides and discs
removed and Figures 6 and 7 are details.
A are the primary slides, B the secondary discs and C the bolt. We make the
secondary discs with a series of teeth cut on their peripheries, which teeth are capable
of gearing with similar teeth cut on the adjacent edges of the slides or levers A of the
primary series. Each of these secondary discs B is provided with a notch or gate G
cut in its periphery for the reception of a stump H carried on one end of a lever dog I
to be hereafter described. The discs B are mounted so as to turn freely on a pin J
carried on a lever arm K oscillating on a suitable fixed fulcrum L. This arm K is
acted upon by inclined planes M M₁, cam surfaces, projections, grooves, or slots on or
in the bolt C; or the secondary series may be mounted on a sliding piece instead of
on a lover arm. The beforementioned lever dog I is carried on the same fulcruin L
as the arm K carrying the aforesaid discs B, or a special fulcrum may be provided for
it if preferred. One end of this lever dog I carries, as above described, a stump H
which takes, when the lock is unlocked, into the notches or gates G cut in the discs B,
and the other end enters, when the lock is locked, a notch N in the bolt ().
Assuming that the lock is in its unlocked position that is to say with the bolt with-
drawn as shown in Figure 3, the arm K carrying the secondary discs B is held by the
bolt C in such a position that the teeth on the edges of the said discs are out of gear
with those on the edges of the primary slides or levers A, the stump H on the dog
lever I is engaged in all the gates G of the discs, and the other end of the dog lever I
is disengaged from the notch N in the bolt C and is held in such a position by the
upper edge of the said bolt that it cannot be turned to withdrawn the stump H from
the gates G. If now an appropriate key be introduced, and turned in the proper
direction, the primary slides or levers A will bo raised to various heights corresponding
to the steps or bits of the key, and the latter will then begin to shoot the bolt C out-
wards, the latter acts by the incline M upon the part K of the arm K carrying the
secondary discs B, turning it on its fulcrum L, so that by the time the bolt is fully
shot out the teeth of the discs B are brought into gear with those on the elevated
primary slides or levers A, at the same time disengaging the stump H of the lever
dog I from the gates in the discs and engaging the other end of the lever dog I in the
notch N of the bolt C. As the revolution of the key is completed the primary
slides or levers A fall to their normal positions, and their teeth being engaged in those
of the secondary discs, the latter, which are then no longer held by the stump H of
the lever dog I, are turned into various positions according to the heights to which
their corresponding primary slides or levers A have been raised (see Figure 4). The
gates G in the discs B are consequently so displaced that the stump H on the lever
dog I cannot enter them, therefore the opposite end of the said lever dog cannot be
raised out of the notch N in the bolt C; and the latter cannot possibly be drawn back
until the discs B are turned again so that their gates G are all brought opposite to
the stump H on the lever dog I; and as the gates of the discs are turned, by the
following of the primary slides or levers A into positions remote from the keyhole,
with the bodies of the discs B and the stump H on the lever dog interposed, to a
great extent, between the said gates and the keyhole, it is quite impossible to insert

page_text: any instruments through the keyhole by which the respective distances of the gates G
from the stump H could be measured, and therefore impossible to obtain such data as
would enable a key to be made that would open the lock.
When the same key as that with which the bolt was shot, or one exactly like it, but
no other, is introduced and turned the primary slides or levers A are raised to the
same heights as before so as to bring the gates G of the secondary discs B again
opposite the stump H on the lever dog I, and then, but not till then, can the opposite
end of the said lever dog be disengaged from the notch N in the bolt by the projec-
tion O on the bottom primary slide, or otherwise. When that is effected the key
begins to move the bolt back, and the incline M' on the latter acts upon the part K³
of the arm K, carrying the discs B, in such manner that the latter are drawn away
from the primary slides or levers A so that the teeth on the discs are drawn out of
gear with those on the primary slides or levers, and these are then free to fall back into
their normal positions independently of the secondary discs.
Instead of a secondary series of toothed discs being mounted on the arm K, a
secondary series of toothed slides, racks, or levers may be employed, such toothed slides,
racks or levers being engaged with the primary slides or levers when and while the
bolt is in its locked or shot out position, and disengaged therefrom when and while
the bolt is in its unlocked, or withdrawn position.
The lever arm K carrying the discs may be moved in both directions by the bolt C
or in one direction only thereby, and in the opposite direction by a spring. Instead
of the above described lever dog I either of the well known forms of bolt stumps may
be employed in combination with the two series of slides, levers or discs operating as
above described.
Instead of mounting the secondary discs, racks or slides on an oscillating lever arm
actuated by the bolt for the purpose of putting the said discs, racks or slides in and
out of gear with the primary slides or levers the said secondary discs, levers, racks or
slides may be mounted on a fixed stud or other fixed part of the lock, and the primary
slides or levers may be mounted on and carried by the tail of the bolt, so that when
the latter is shot the primary slides or levers are carried by it into gear with the
secondary discs, levers, racks or slides and when it is withdrawn the primary slides or
levers are carried by it out of gear with the said secondary discs, racks, or slides. In
this case the stump which enters the gates in the secondary discs, levers, racks or
slides is preferably carried by the bolt.
This arrangement is shown in Figures 89 and 10 in which Figure 8 shows a lock
with the top plate partly cut away to show the internal mechanism. Figure 9 shows
the same lock with the top plate removed, and Figure 10 shows a section taken at
line Xx of Figures 8 and 9. A is a set of primary levers carried on a stud A' secured
to the tail of the bolt C, they are furnished with teeth on their front edges and are
conveniently formed with an opening at A' for the insertion of the key which passes
over the stem A³, but if preferred the levers A may be arranged to be acted on by the
key in any other way. B are the secondary discs mounted so as to turn freely on the
stud L secured to the lock plate and passing through a slot L' in the tail of the bolt.
The discs are furnished with teeth on their peripheries and with gates G similar to
those before described. H is the stump secured to the bolt C and taking into the
gates G of the discs B when the lock is unlocked as shown in full lines in Figure 8. The
relative positions of the primary levers A and secondary discs B and of the stump H
and secondary discs B when the bolt is shot is shown by fine dotted lines in Figure 8.
Instead of mounting the primary slides or levers on the tail of the bolt itself they
may be mounted on a sliding piece independent of, but governed by, the movement of
the bolt tail.
In place of using only two sets namely a primary and a secondary set of levers,
discs or slides as herein before described, we may use one or more sets of intermediate
levers, discs or slides.
The same arrangements are applicable to keyless permutation or combination locks
by employing the modifications shown in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 in which
Figure 11 shows a lock of this description with the top plate removed, Figure 12

page_text: he same with the primary and secondary discs removed, Figure 13 shows a plan of
same with the bolt removed, and Figures 14 and 15 respectively a partial elevation of
primary disc and a section through two such discs adjacent to each other.
The primary slides or levers of the key permutation lock are replaced in the keyless
permutation lock by discs A provided with teeth on their peripheries; and a series
of secondary discs B, also furnished with teeth on their peripheries, is mounted on an
arm K in a manner similar to that above described in reference to the key combination
lock. These secondary discs have notches or gates G cut in their peripheries, and a
pin H on one arm of an oscillating latch segment or fence P takes into these notches
or gates when they are brought into line so as to enable the bolt C to be thrown back.
The secondary discs B are kept in gear with the primary discs A of the permutation
lock at all times except when it is desired to change the combination of the latter. In
order to effect this change of combination the bolt C is drawn in, and the secondary
discs B thrown out of gear with the combination discs A of the permutation lock by
moving an index arm or handle Q preferably placed on the inside of the door and
connected with the axis of the arm K carrying the secondary discs B. The combina-
tion can then be altered as desired by turning the knob R on the outside of the door in
relation to a divided dial S and index T. The numbers of the new combination are noted,
and the secondary discs B are then brought again into gear with the discs A by the
index arm or handle Q and the bolt C is shot; this withdraws the pin H of the latch
seginent or fence P from the gates G of the secondary discs B as shown in dotted lines
in Figure 12 and the said discs can then be disarranged by turning the knob or handle R
of the lock. In order to unlock the bolt the permutation lock must be set in the
usual way to the combination for which it has been arranged; this brings the gates
of the secondary discs B in line opposite the pin H on the latch segment or fence P
which pin then enters the said gates under the action of a spring and the bolt C is
released and thrown back by the action of the pin U of the latch segment or fence P
on the side of the slot V in the said bolt. This latch segment or fence P servos both
to dog the bolt C when in the locked position as shown in dotted lines in Figure 12
and to move it in the act of locking and unlocking.
G
The secondary discs B are prevented from being disconnected from the primary
discs A while the bolt is out by means of a tail piece or latch K' connected with the
axis or other suitable part of the lever arm K carrying the secondary discs B; this
tail piece K¹ bears upon the upper edge of the bolt C while the same is shot, but is
free to pass into a notch K' therein when the said bolt C is drawn back. To prevent
the pin H in the arm of the segment latch or fence P from coming in contact with
the teeth on the peripheries of the secondary discs H, it bears against the smooth
edges of the plain discs B₁ of a diameter slightly larger than that of the said
secondary discs and secured to the discs and turning therewith on the same spindle.
The connection and disconnection of the series of secondary discs B with the primary
discs A in the way described enables the combination of the latter to be changed as
desired with great facility and without taking the lock to pieces.
To enable the lock to be locked or unlocked by turning the knob or handle R in
either direction we provide a moveable stop A' on one side of each of the primary
discs A as shown in Figures 14 and 15. This stop A' turns on a pivot at A* and its
movement is limited by a projection on the back of it coming against one or the other
end of a slot A*. On the opposite side of each disc is a fixed angular shaped stop A°.
As the discs are turned in either direction the fixed stops A° come against the corre-
sponding moveable stops A and turn them on their pivots A' until they are stopped
by the end of the slot A as seen in Figure 15, when the centre line of the fixed
stops A come into the same position with regard to the adjacent discs whichever
direction the spindle has been turned in, and therefore the proper combination can
be formed whether the knob or handle is turned to the right or to the left.
That part of the invention which relates to ordinary lever locks consists of arrange
ments whereby any attempt to pick such locks by applying pressure to the bolt, and
feeling the position of the gates in the levers by the catching of the bolt stump in
them as the levers are raised one after the other is frustrated. For this purpose we.
B

page_text: make the levers A with teeth on their outer ends, as shown diagramatically in
Figure 16, and with gates G as usual into which the stump H of the bolt C is free to
pass when the said gates are brought in line opposite to it. One end of a lever dog I
takes into a notch N in the tail of the bolt C when the latter is shot and prevents the
same from being moved endwise sufficiently to enable its stump H to be brought into
contact with the ends of the levers A for the purpose of feeling the positions of the
gates. The other end of the lever dog I is adapted to take into one or more of
the teeth of the levers A when the opposite end of the lever dog I is raised out of the
notch N in the bolt. A cam W on the barrel or curtain X raises, either directly or
by the intervention of a lever Y, or a slide or wheel, the one end of this lever dog I
out of its notch N in the bolt when it is desired to lock or unlock the lock; but in
doing so the other end of the lever dog I is brought into gear with the teeth on the
ends of the levers A and prevents the latter from being moved up or down; conse-
quently if they have not been all previously raised to their proper heights to allow the
bolt stump H to pass into their gates they cannot be moved into those proper heights
until the lever dog I is allowed to return into its notch in the bolt C, and to be dis-
engaged from the teeth of the levers A. By these arrangements, on the one hand,
the bolt (cannot be moved end wise without lifting the lever dog I out of its notch N,
and on the other, if the lever dog is so lifted without all the levers A having been
previously raised to their proper positions, they cannot be raised into such positions
till the lever dog I is returned into the notch N in the bolt. The lever dog I may be
forced into its notch in the bolt by means of a spring I¹, and instead of being raised
by a cam on the barrel or curtain it may be moved by a step of the key acting upon
a projection of the lever dog.
The last above described arrangements may be applied to the combination keylock
arrangements above described, in which the secondary discs, racks, or slides are
carried on a fixed stud and the primary slides or levers on the tail of the bolt.
Such key or keyless permutation locks as are herein before described, or other locks
having a bolt suitable for the purpose, may be used to secure the larger locking bolts
of safe or strong room doors, lids of strong boxes or other closing means for securing
valuables or other property. For the purpose of obtaining greater security in safe
and other similar doors both against forcible entry and the distorting effect of fire we
employ an improvement on the arrangement described in the specification of a patent
granted to John Chubb and William Henry Chalk dated 3rd November 1866 No. 2856
in which the bolts are caused to move in a diagonal or inclined direction with reference
to the sides and top and bottom of the door, whereby such bolts when shot out into
corresponding obliquely formed holes or recesses in the door frame tend to prevent the
said door frame from being forcibly bent outwards. The present improvement, which
is illustrated in Figures 17, 18 and 19 of the Drawings consists in arranging a double
set of such diagonally acting bolts, each set being adapted to move out in directions
at right angles, or thereabouts, to one another. Figure 17 represents the inside of
the door of a safe or strong room with the bolts arranged in this way, the outer plate
being supposed to be broken away and the bolts shot out into the locked position;
Figure 18 is a view of the edge of the door with the bolts shot out, and Figure 19 a
similar view, but with the boits drawn in. The bolts may preferably be arranged in
pairs such as A B for example, each pair issuing from one of the holes in the sides,
top or bottom of the door and entering one of the apertures in the corresponding part
of the door frame C. Each of the bolts composing a pair moves out in opposite
directions at an angle of 45° with the meeting line of the door and frame, that is in a
direction at right angles to each other, so that as their ends pass into the aperture in
the door frame they diverge and form, when shot out, a complete dovetail enclosed in
an aperture the ends of which are inclined both ways to correspond to the shape of
the said dovetail. The bolts may be formed with or connected to their actuating
plates and arranged in any suitable way. In the example shown in Figure 17 the
set of bolts A at the top and left hand side are formed with or connected to the
carrying plate A*, the set of bolts A' at the bottom and the right hand side are formed
with or connected to the carrying plate, A**. The set of bolts B at the bottom and

page_text: петь папа ете го топец WILII Of Comme
bolts B at the top and right hand side are formed with or connected to the carrying
plate B**. The carrying plates A* A** B* and B** with their respective
bolts A, A, B, and B₁, are each moved inwards or outwards simultaneously by a
suitable modification of the usual central disc or cam arrangement, such as, for
example, that described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Charles Chubb in
the year 1835 No. 6832, or one set of bolts may be operated by the said disc or cam.
and the other set connected to the first set in such manner as to receive its requisite
motion therefrom direct, or by the intervention of levers, links or other suitable
mechanical devices. Instead of the bolts being arranged to issue in pairs from one
hole in the edge of the door, each bolt may he arranged to issue from its own
special hole in the edge of the door and to enter a special hole formed in the door
frame to receive it, but in such manner that each two adjacent bolts shall move at
right angles to each other so as to assume together the dovetail form when shot out.
By these means additional security is obtained against forcible bending out of the
door frame in order to force the door open.
These bolts or plates may be of any suitable number and shape adapted to prevent
forcible entry, or distortion by fire, or the entrance of heat or flame between the door
and the frame or safe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that we
are aware that the mounting of the secondary dises on a pivotted arun in order that
they may be moved into or out of gear with the primary slides, levers, or their
equivalents, is not novel that we make no claim generally to the arrangement of the
primary and secondary levers, slides, racks or discs so that they are geared together
when the lock is locked, and are out of gear when the lock is unlocked, nor do we
claim the use of a lever dog for locking or dogging the bolt but we declare that what
we do claim is :-
First In key permutation or combination locks, the pivotted arm K having the
secondary toothed slides, racks, levers or discs B mounted thereon, the said arm being
moved by the bolt C or by the bolt C and a spring jointly, so as to put the said
secondary toothed slides, racks, levers or discs in gear with the primary toothed
slides or levers as the said bolt moves outwards, and to put the said secondary
toothed slides, levers, or discs out of gear with the primary toothed slides or levers as
the said bolt moves inwards, and the lever dog I locking or dogging the bolt C when
the same is shot, and holding the secondary levers, slides or discs B by means of the
stump H when the bolt C is withdrawn, combined, arranged and operating as herein-
before described, and illustrated in Figures 3 to 7 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second-The arrangement of the secondary discs B, and the stump H on the lever
dog, in such manner that when the bolt is shot, the gates G of the disarranged discs B
are turned into such a position that the bodies of the said secondary discs and the
stump H are interposed between the said gates G and the keyhole, as hereinbefore
described, and illustrated in Figure 4 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Third In key permutation or combination locks, the secondary levers, slides, racks
or discs B mounted on a fixed stud, or other fixed part of the lock, the primary slides
or levers mounted on, and carried by the tail of the bolt C, or on a sliding piece
independent of, but governed or moved by, the bolt C, and the stump H fixed on the
said bolt, all combined, arranged and operating as hereinbefore described, and
illustrated in Figures 8, 9 and 10 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fourth In keyless permutation or combination locks, the secondary toothed discs B,
the plain, notched or gated discs B' connected therewith, the arm K carrying the said
secondary dises B, and plain, notched or gated discs B¹, the index arm or handle Q
connected to the axis, or other suitable part of the arm K, the tail-piece or latch K¹
also connected to the axis, or other suitable part, of the arun K, and the notch K* in
the bolt C, combined, arranged and operating as hereinbefore described, and illustrated
in Figures 11, 12 and 13 of the Drawings hereto annexed.

page_text: Fifth-In keyless permutation or combination locks, the moveable stops A' in
combination with angular fixed stops A' in connection with the primary discs,
arranged and operating as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 14 and 15
of the Drawings hereto annexed, and for the purpose specified.
Sixth In lever locks, the lever dog I the tail end of which takes into a notch N in
the tail of the bolt C, and the front end of which engages with teeth on the front of
the levers, the said lever dog being actuated directly or indirectly by a cam W on the
barrel or curtain X, or by a step or bit of the key, as hereinbefore described, and
illustrated in Figure 16 of the Drawings hereto annexed, and for the purpose
specified.
Seventh-The employment in safe and strong room doors, lids of strong boxes, and
other closing means, of two sets of diagonally acting bolts or plates arranged to issue
from the edges of the door, or other closing device, in directions at right angles, or
nearly so, to each other, in such manner that each two adjacent bolts shall form
together a dovetail, as heroinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 17, 18 and 19
of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Dated this 16th day of Nav1007

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 16th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 16th Dec., 1887
We, Sir GEORGE HAYTER CHUBB, Knight, HARRY WITHERS CHUBB, A.M.I.C.E.
both of 128 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, and HAROLD STEAD BALL,
of Melbourne Grove, East Dulwich, in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates partly to what are known as permutation or combination
locks, partly to ordinary lever locks and partly to the locks and lock bolts of safe and
other doors.
That part of the invention which relates to permutation or combination locks
applies to such locks whether they are operated by keys or are of the kind known as
keyless locks, and this part of the invention is of the following character:-
In key locks of this kind as heretofore constructed, two series of slides or levers
have usually been employed, a primary and a secondary series. The slides or levers
composing the primary series are raised to various heights by the steps of the key
when it is required to shoot the bolt, and the slides or levers composing the
secondary series are carried up to similar heights by those of the primary series,
and are carried away and detached from those of the primary series by the bolt as it
is shot out, and they remain detached and raised to the said various heights after the
primary slides or levers have been lowered to their normal positions and so long as
the bolt remains shot. Before the bolt can be withdrawn, that is before the lock can
be unlocked, all the slides or levers of the primary series must be raised again to
exactly the same positions they occupied when the slides or levers of the secondary
series became detached from them by the shooting of the bolt before the said slides or
levers of the secondary series can again become engaged with those of the

page_text: primary series so as to admit of the bolt being moved back or withdrawn. In this
arrangement the secondary series of slides or levers is connected with the primary
series when the lock is unlocked and disconnected therefrom when the lock is locked,
and it is not impossible to get at the secondary series of slides or levers when in their
detached and elevated positions in order to measure the various heights to which they
have been raised and from those measurements to construct a false key which will
open the lock.
Now according to our present invention we arrange the mechanism so that the
secondary series of slides or levers, or the equivalent thereof, is connected with the
primary series when the lock is locked, and disconnected therefrom when the lock is
unlocked. We employ for this purpose either slides or levers for the primary series,
and either slides, levers, or discs for the secondary series. When employing discs
(which we prefer) for the secondary series, we make them with a series of teeth
cut on their peripheries which teeth are capable of gearing with similar teeth cut on
Each of these
the adjacent edges of the slides or levers of the primary series.
secondary discs is provided with a notch or gate cut in its periphery for the reception
of a stump carried on one end of a lever dog to be hereafter described. The discs
are mounted so as to turn freely on a pin carried on a lever arm oscillating on a
suitable fixed fulcrum. This arm is acted upon by inclined planes, cam surfaces,
projections, grooves, or slots, on, or in, the bolt, or the secondary series may be
mounted on a sliding piece instead of on a lover arm. The beforementioned lever
dog is carried on the same fulcrum as the arm carrying the aforesaid discs, or a
special fulcrum may be provided for it if preferred. One end of this lever dog carries,
as above described, a stump which takes, when the lock is unlocked, into the
notches or gates cut in the discs, and the other end enters, when the lock is
locked, a notch in the bolt.
Assuming that the lock is in its unlocked position, that is to say, with the bolt with-
drawn, the arm carrying the secondary discs is held by the bolt in such a position that
the teeth on the edges of the said dises are out of gear with those on the edges
of the primary slides or levers, the stump on the dog lever is engaged in all the
gates of the discs and the other end of the dog lever is disengaged from the notch in
the bolt. If now an appropriate key be introduced and turned in the proper direction,
the primary slides or levers will be raised to various heights corresponding to the steps
on the key, and the latter will then begin to shoot the bolt outwards; the bolt acts
upon the arm carrying the secondary discs, turning it on its fulcrum so that by
the time the bolt is fully shot out the teeth of the discs are brought into gear with
those on the elevated primary slides or levers, at the same time disengaging the
stump of the lever dog from the gates in the discs and engaging the other end of
the lever dog in the notch of the bolt. As the revolution of the key is completed,
the primary slides or levers fall to their normal positions, and their teeth being
engaged in those of the secondary discs, the latter, which are no longer held by the
stump of the lever dog, are turned into various positions according to the heights
to which their corresponding primary slides or levers have been raised. The gates
in the discs are consequently so displaced that the stump on the lever dog cannot
enter them, therefore the opposite end of the lever dog cannot be raised out of the
notch in the bolt, and the latter cannot possibly be drawn back until the discs are all
turned again so that their gates are brought opposite to the stump on the lever dog;
and as the gates of the discs are turned by the falling of the primary slides or
levers into positions remote from the keyhole, with the bodies of the discs and the
stump on the lever dog interposed, to a great extent, between the said gates and the
keyhole, it is quite impossible to insert any instruments through the keyhole by which
the respective distances of the gates from the stump could be measured and there-
fore impossible to obtain such data as would enable a key to be made that would open
the lock.
When the same key as that with which the bolt was shot, or one exactly like it, but
no other, is introduced and turned, the primary slides or levers are raised to the same

page_text: heights as before so as to bring the gates of the secondary dises again opposite the
stump on the lever dog and then, and not till then, can the opposite end of the lever
dog be disengaged from the notch in the bolt by the bottom primary slide or lever, or
otherwise. When that is effected, the key begins to move the bolt back, and the
latter acts upon the arm carrying the discs in such manner that the teeth of the
latter are drawn out of gear with those on the primary slides or levers, and these
are then free to fall back into their normal positions independently of the secondary
discs.
Instead of a secondary series of toothed discs being mounted on the arm, a secondary
series of toothed slides, racks or levers may be employed, such toothed slides, racks,
or levers being engaged with the primary slides or levers when, and while the bolt is
in its locked or shot out position, and disengaged therefrom when, and while the bolt
is in its unlocked or withdrawn position.
The lever arm carrying the discs may be moved in both directions by the bolt
or in one direction only thereby, and in the opposite direction by a spring. Instead
of the above described lever dog, either of the well known forms of bolt stumps may
be employed in combination with the two series of slides, levers, or discs operating as
above described.
Instead of mounting the secondary discs, racks or slides on an oscillating lever arm
actuated by the bolt for the purpose of putting the said discs, racks, or slides, in and
out of gear with the primary slides or levers, the said secondary discs, racks, or slides
may be mounted on a fixed stud and the primary slides or levers mounted on and
carried by the tail of the bolt, so that when the latter is shot, the primary slides or
levers are carried by it into gear with the secondary discs &c., and when it is with-
drawn the primary slides or levers are carried by it out of gear with the said secondary
discs, racks, or slides. In this case the stump which enters the gates in the secondary
discs, racks, or slides may be carried by the bolt or otherwise.
Instead of mounting the primary slides or levers on the tail of the bolt itself, they
may be mounted on a sliding piece independent of, but governed by, the movement of
the bolt tail.
In place of using only two sets, namely a primary and a secondary set of levers,
discs, or slides, as hereinbefore described, we may use one or more sets of intermediate
levers, discs, or slides.
The same arrangements are applicable to keyless permutation or combination locks
by employing the following modifications -The primary slides or levers of the key
permutation lock are replaced in the keyless permutation lock by discs provided with
teeth on their peripheries, and a series of secondary discs toothed on their peripheries
is mounted on an arm in a manner similar to that above described in reference to the
key combination lock. These secondary discs have notches or gates cut in their
peripheries and a pin on one arm of an oscillating latch segment or fence takes into these
notches or gates when they are brought into line so as to enable the bolt to be thrown
back. The secondary discs are kept in gear with the primary discs of the permutation
lock at all times except when it is desired to change the combination of the latter. In
order to effect this change of combination the bolt is withdrawn and the secondary
discs drawn out of gear with the combination discs of the permutation lock by means
of an index arm or handle on the inside of the door, or otherwise. The combination
can then be altered as desired by turning the knob on the outside of the door in
relation to a divided dial, the numbers of the new combination are noted, and the
secondary discs are then brought again into gear with the discs of the permutation
lock by the aforesaid index arm or handle or otherwise and the bolt is shot; this
withdraws the pin of the latch segment or fence from the gates of the secondary discs
and the latter are then disarranged by turning the handle of the permutation lock.
In order to unlock the bolt the permutation lock must be set in the usual way to the
combination for which it has last been arranged; this brings the gates of the secondary
dises in line opposite the pin on the latch segment or fence which pin then enters the
said gates under the action of a spring and the bolt is released and thrown back
by the action of the latch segment or fence. This latch segment or fence serves

page_text: both to dog the bolt when in the locked position and to move it in the act of locking
and unlocking.
The secondary discs are prevented from being disconnected from the primary discs
of the permutation lock, while the bolt is out, by means of a tail piece or latch
connected with the lever arm carrying the secondary discs this tail piece bears
upon the bolt while the same is shot but is free to pass into a notch therein when the
same is drawn back. To prevent the pin on the arm of the segment latch or fence
from coming in contact with the teeth on the peripheries of the secondary discs,
it bears against the smooth edge of a plain disc of a diameter slightly larger than that
of the said secondary discs and turning on the same spindle as they, or each of
the secondary discs may be provided with a similar plain disc. This combination
of the series of secondary discs with the primary discs of the permutation lock
enables the combination of the latter to be changed as desired without taking the
said lock to pieces.
That part of the invention which relates to ordinary lever locks consists of
arrangements whereby any attempt to pick such locks by applying pressure to the
bolt, and feeling the position of the gates in the levers by the catching of the bolt
stump in them, as the levers are raised one after the other, is frustrated. For this
purpose I make the levers with teeth on their outer ends and with gates as usual into
which the stump of the bolt is free to pass when the said gates are brought in line
opposite to it. One end of a lever dog takes into a notch in the bolt and prevents the
same from being moved endwise sufficiently to enable its stump to be brought in
contact with the ends of the levers for the purpose of feeling the positions of their
gates. The other end of the lever dog is adapted to take into one or more of the
teeth of the levers when the opposite end of the lever dog is raised out of the notch
in the bolt. A cam on the barrel or curtain raises, either directly or by the intervention
of a lever, slide, or wheel, the one end of this lover dog out of its notch in the bolt
when it is desired to lock or unlock the lock, but in doing so the other end of the
lever dog is brought into gear with the teeth on the ends of the levers and prevents
the latter from being moved up or down, consequently if they have not been al
previously raised to their proper heights to allow the bolt stump to pass into their
gates they cannot be moved into those proper heights until the lever dog is allowed
to return into its notch in the bolt and to be disengaged from the teeth of the levers.
By these arrangements on the one hand, the bolt cannot be moved endwise without
lifting the lever dog out of its notch, and on the other, if the lever dog is so lifted
without all the levers having been previously raised to their proper positions, they
cannot be raised into such positions till the lever dog is returned into its notch in the
bolt. The lever dog may be forced into its notch in the bolt by means of a spring,
and instead of being moved by a cam on the barrel or curtain, it may be moved by a
step of the key acting upon a projection of the lever dog.
The last above described arrangements may be applied to the combination key lock
arrangements above described in which the secondary discs, racks, or slides, are carried
on a fixed stud and the primary slides or levers on the tail of the bolt.
Such key or keyless permutation locks as are herein before described, or other locks
having a bolt suitable for the purpose, may be used to secure the larger locking bolts
of safe doors or other closing means for securing valuables or other property. For
this purpose we employ an improvement on the arrangement described in the speci-
fication of a patent granted to John Chubb and William Henry Chalk dated
3rd November 1866 No. 2856 in which the bolts are caused to move in a diagonal
or inclined direction with reference to the sides and top and bottom of the door
whereby such bolts when shot out into corresponding obliquely formed holes or
recesses in the door frame tend to prevent the said door frame from being bent
outwards. The present improvement consists in arranging a double set of such
diagonally acting bolts, each set being adapted to move out in directions at right
angles or thereabouts to one another. The bolts may preferably be arranged in pairs,
each pair issuing from one of the holes in the sides, top, or bottom of the door and
entering one of the apertures in the corresponding part of the door frame. Each of

page_text: the bolts composing a pair inoves out at an angle of 45° with the meeting line of the
door and frame, that is, in directions at right angles to each other, so that as their
ends pass into the aperture in the door frame, they diverge and form, when shot out,
a complete dovetail enclosed in an aperture the ends of which are inclined both ways
to correspond to the shape of the said dovetail. By this means additional security is
obtained against bending out of the door frame to force the door open. The double
set of bolts may be actuated by a suitable modification of the usual central disc or cam
arrangement such as, for example, that described in the specification of a patent
granted to Charles Chubb in the year 1835 No. 6832, or one set of bolts may be
operated by the said disc or cam and the other set connected to the first set in such
manner as to receive its requisite motion therefrom direct, or by the intervention of
levers, links, or other suitable mechanical devices.

page_text: We, Sir GEORGE HAYTER CHUBB, Knight, HARRY WITHERS CHUBB, A.M.I.C.E.
both of 128 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, and HAROLD STEAD BALL,
of Melbourne Grove, East Dulwich, in the County of Surrey do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying six Sheets of Drawings and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say :-
This invention relates partly to what are known as permutation or combination
locks, partly to ordinary lever locks, and partly to the locks and lock bolts of safe and
other doors.
That part of the invention which relates to permutation or combination locks applies
more or less to such locks whether they are operated by keys or are of the kind known
as keyless locks, and this part of the invention is of the following character:-
In key locks of this kind as heretofore constructed two series of slides or levers
have usually been employed, a primary and a secondary series, as illustrated in Figures 1
and 2 of the Drawings hereto annexed, in which Figure 1 shows such a lock with
the parts in the positions they occupy when the bolt is thrown back and Figure 2 the
same lock with the slides removed. The slides or levers A composing the primary series
are raised to various heights by the steps of the key when it is required to shoot the
bolt, and the slides or levers B composing the secondary series are carried up to
similar heights by those of the primary series, and are carried away, and detached from
those of the primary series, by the bolt C as it is shot out; and they remain
detached, and raised to the said various heights, after the primary slides or levers A
have been lowered to their normal positions (as shown in dotted lines in Figure 1) and
they are held at those various heights by the hooks D taking into the teeth on the
fronts of the said secondary slides so long as the bolt C remains shot. Before the bolt C
can be withdrawn, that is before the lock can be unlocked, all the slides or levers A
of the primary series must be raised again to exactly the same positions they occupied
when the slides or levers B of the secondary series became detached from them by
the shooting of the bolt C, before the slides or levers B of the secondary series can
again become engaged with those of the primary series so as to admit of the bolt C
being moved back or withdrawn. In this arrangement the secondary series of slides
or levers is connected with the primary series when the lock is unlocked, and discon-
nected therefrom, when the lock is locked, and it is not impossible to get at the
secondary series of slides or levers when in their detached and elevated positions in
order to measure the various heights to which they have been raised, and from these
measurements to construct a false key which will open the lock.

page_text: In locks of this description any key cut with steps or bits differing to any extent
in length, but of the same number and thickness as the primary levers or slides can be
used to lock the lock, and the same key that locks will alone unlock the lock.
Now according to our present invention we arrange the mechanism so that the
secondary series of slides or levers, or the equivalent thereof, is connected with the
primary series when the lock is locked, and disconnected therefrom when the lock is
unlocked. We employ for this purpose either slides or levers for the primary series,
and either slides, levers, or discs for the secondary series. When using discs (which
we prefer) for the secondary series we sometimes employ the arrangements shown in
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Drawings, in which Figure 3 shows a lock with parts
of the top plate cut away to show the internal mechanism, the parts being in the
positions they occupy when the bolt is withdrawn. Figure 4 shows the same lock
with the top plate removed and the parts in the positions they occupy when the bolt is
shot.
Figure 5 shows the same lock with the primary and secondary slides and dises
removed and Figures 6 and 7 are details.
A are the primary slides, B the secondary discs and C the bolt. We make the
secondary discs with a series of teeth cut on their peripheries, which teeth are capable
of gearing with similar teeth cut on the adjacent edges of the slides or levers A of the
primary series. Each of these secondary discs B is provided with a notch or gate G
cut in its periphery for the reception of a stump H carried on one end of a lever dog I
to be hereafter described. The discs B are mounted so as to turn freely on a pin J
carried on a lever arm K oscillating on a suitable fixed fulcrum L. This arm K is
acted upon by inclined planes M M¹, cam surfaces, projections, grooves, or slots on or
in the bolt C; or the secondary series may be mounted on a sliding piece instead of
on a lever arm. The beforementioned lever dog I is carried on the same fulcrum L
as the arm K carrying the aforesaid discs B, or a special fulcrum may be provided for
it if preferred. One end of this lever dog I carries, as above described, a stump H
which takes, when the lock is unlocked, into the notches or gates G cut in the discs B,
and the other end enters, when the lock is locked, a notch N in the bolt C.
gear
Assuming that the lock is in its unlocked position that is to say with the bolt with-
drawn as shown in Figure 3, the arm K carrying the secondary discs B is held by the
bolt (in such a position that the teeth on th edges of the said discs are out of
with those on the edges of the primary slides or levers A, the stump H on the dog
lever I is engaged in all the gates G of the discs, and the other end of the dog lever I
is disengaged from the notch N in the bolt Cand is held in such a position by the
upper edge of the said bolt that it cannot be turned to withdraw the stump H from
the gates G. If now an appropriate key be introduced, and turned in the proper
direction, the primary slides or levers A will be raised to various heights corresponding
to the steps or bits of the key, and the latter will then begin to shoot the bolt C out-
wards, the latter acts by the incline M upon the part K₁ of the arm K carrying the
secondary discs B, turning it on its fulcrum L, so that by the time the bolt C is fully
shot out the teeth of the discs B are brought into gear with those on the elevated
primary sides or levers A, at the same time disengaging the stump H of the lover
dog from the gates in the discs and engaging the other end of the lever dog I in the
notch N of the bolt C. As the revolution of the key is completed the primary
slides or levers A fall to their normal positions, and their teeth being engaged in those
of the secondary discs, the latter, which are then no longer held by the stump H of
the lever dog, are turned into various positions according to the heights to which
their corresponding primary slides or levers A have been raised (see Figure 4). The
gates G in the discs B are consequently so displaced that the stump H on the lever
Tog I cannot enter them, therefore the opposite end of the said lever dog cannot be
raised out of the notch N in the bolt C; and the latter cannot possibly be drawn back
until the discs B are turned again so that their gates G are all brought opposite to
the stump H on the lever dog I; and as the gates of the discs are turned, by the
following of the primary slides or levers A into positions remote from the keyhole,
with the bodies of the discs B and the stump H on the lever dog interposed, to a
great extent, between the said gates and the keyhole, it is quite impossible to insert

page_text: any instruments through the keyhole by which the respective distances of the gates G
from the stump H could be measured, and therefore impossible to obtain such data as
would enable a key to be made that would open the lock.
When the same key as that with which the bolt was shot, or one exactly like it, but
no other, is introduced and turned the primary slides or levers A are raised to the
same heights as before so as to bring the gates G of the secondary discs B again
opposite the stump H on the lever dog I, and then, but not till then, can the opposite
end of the said lever dog be disengaged from the notch N in the bolt by the projec-
tion O on the bottom primary slide, or otherwise. When that is effected the key
begins to move the bolt back, and the incline M' on the latter acts upon the part K
of the arm K, carrying the discs B, in such manner that the latter are drawn away
from the primary slides or levers A so that the teeth on the discs are drawn out of
gear with those on the primary slides or levers, and these are then free to fall back into
their normal positions independently of the secondary discs.
Instead of a secondary series of toothed discs being mounted on the arm K, a
secondary series of toothed slides, racks, or levers may be employed, such toothed slides,
racks or levers being engaged with the primary slides or levers when and while the
bolt is, in its locked or shot out position, and disengaged therefrom when and while
the bolt is in its unlocked, or withdrawn position.
The lever arm K carrying the discs may be moved in both directions by the bolt C
or in one direction only thereby, and in the opposite direction by a spring. Instead
of the above described lever dog I either of the well known forms of bolt stumps may
be employed in combination with the two series of slides, levers or discs operating as
above described.
Instead of mounting the secondary discs, racks or slides on an oscillating lever arm
actuated by the bolt for the purpose of putting the said discs, racks or slides in and
out of gear with the primary slides or levers the said secondary discs, levers, racks or
slides may be mounted on a fixed stud or other fixed part of the lock, and the primary
slides or levers may be mounted on and carried by the tail of the bolt, so that when
the lattor is shot the primary slides or levers are carried by it into gear with the
secondary discs, levers, racks or slides and when it is withdrawn the primary slides or
levers are carried by it out of gear with the said secondary discs, racks or slides.
this case the stump which enters the gates in the secondary discs, levers, racks or
slides is preferably carried by the bolt.
In
This arrangement is shown in Figures 89 and 10 in which Figure 8 shows a lock
with the top plate partly cut away to show the internal mechanism. Figure 9 shows
the same lock with the top plate removed, and Figure 10 shows a section taken at
line XX of Figures 8 and 9. A is a set of primary levers carried on a stud A' secured
to the tail of the bolt C, they are furnished with teeth on their front edges and are
conveniently formed with an opening at A2 for the insertion of the key which passes
over the stem A³, but if preferred the levers A may be arranged to be acted on by the
key in any other way. B are the secondary discs mounted so as to turn freely on the
stud L secured to the lock plate and passing through a slot L' in the tail of the bolt.
The discs are furnished with teeth on their peripheries and with gates G similar to
those before described. H is the stump secured to the bolt C and taking into the
gates G of the discs B when the lock is unlocked as shown in full lines in Figure 8. The
relative positions of the primary levers A and secondary discs B and of the stump H
and secondary discs B when the bolt is shot is shown by fine dotted lines in Figure 8.
Instead of mounting the primary slides or levers on the tail of the bolt itself they
may be mounted on a sliding piece independent of, but governed by, the movement of
the bolt tail.
In place of using only two sets namely a primary and a secondary set of levers,
discs or slides as hereinbefore described, we may use one or more sets of intermediate
levers, discs or slides.
The same arrangements are applicable to keyless permutation or combination locks
by employing the modifications shown in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 in which
Figure 11 shows a lock of this description with the top plate removed, Figure 12

page_text: the same with the primary and secondary discs removed, Figure 13 shows a plan of
same with the bolt removed, and Figures 14 and 15 respectively a partial elevation of
a primary disc and a section through two such discs adjacent to each other.
The primary slides or levers of the key permutation lock are replaced in the keyless
permutation lock by discs A provided with teeth on their peripheries; and a series
of secondary discs B, also furnished with teeth on their peripheries, is mounted on an
arm K in a manner similar to that above described in reference to the key combination
lock. These secondary discs have notches or gates G cut in their peripheries, and a
pin H on one arm of an oscillating latch segment or fence P takes into these notches
or gates when they are brought into line so as to enable the bolt C to be thrown back.
The secondary discs B are kept in gear with the primary discs A of the permutation
lock at all times except when it is desired to change the combination of the latter. In
order to effect this change of combination the bolt C is drawn in, and the secondary
discs B thrown out of gear with the combination discs A of the permutation lock by
moving an index arm or handle preferably placed on the inside of the door and
connected with the axis of the arin K carrying the secondary discs B. The combina-
tion can then be altered as desired by turning the knob R on the outside of the door in
relation to a divided dial S and index T. The numbers of the new combination are noted,
and the secondary discs B are then brought again into gear with the discs A by the
index arm or handle Q and the bolt C is shot; this withdraws the pin H of the latch
segment or fence P from the gates G of the secondary discs B as shown in dotted lines
in Figure 12 and the said discs can then be disarranged by turning the knob or handle R
of the lock. In order to unlock the bolt C the permutation lock must be set in the
usual way to the combination for which it has been arranged; this brings the gates G
of the secondary discs B in line opposite the pin H on the latch segment or fence P
which pin then enters the said gates under the action of a spring and the bolt C is
released and thrown back by the action of the pin U of the latch segment or fence P
on the side of the slot V in the said bolt. This latch segment or fence P serves both
to dog the bolt C when in the locked position as shown in dotted lines in Figure 12
and to move it in the act of locking and unlocking.
The secondary discs B are prevented from being disconnected from the primary
discs A while the bolt is out by means of a tail piece or latch K' connected with the
axis or other suitable part of the lever arm K carrying the secondary discs B; this
tail piece K bears upon the upper edge of the bolt C while the same is shot, but is
free to pass into a notch K therein when the said bolt C is drawn back. To prevent
the pin H in the arm of the segment latch or fence P from coming in contact with
the teeth on the peripheries of the secondary discs H, it bears against the smooth
edges of the plain discs B₁ of a diameter slightly larger than that of the said
secondary discs and secured to the dises and turning therewith on the same spindle.
The connection and disconnection of the series of secondary discs B with the primary
discs A in the way described enables the combination of the latter to be changed as
desired with great facility and without taking the lock to pieces.
To enable the lock to be locked or unlocked by turning the knob or handle R in
either direction we provide a moveable stop A² on one side of each of the primary
dises A as shown in Figures 14 and 15. This stop A' turns on a pivot at A and its
movement is limited by a projection on the back of it coming against one or the other
end of a slot A. On the opposite side of each disc is a fixed angular shaped stop A³.
As the discs are turned in either direction the fixed stops A³ come against the corre-
sponding moveable stops A³ and turn them on their pivots A' until they are stopped
by the end of the slot A' as seen in Figure 15, when the centre line of the fixed
stops A come into the same position with regard to the adjacent discs whichever
direction the spindle has been turned in, and therefore the proper combination can
be formed whether the knob or handle is turned to the right or to the left.
That part of the invention which relates to ordinary lever locks consists of arrange-
nents whereby any attempt to pick such locks by applying pressure to the bolt, and
eeling the position of the gates in the levers by the catching of the bolt stump in
them as the levers are raised one after the other is frustrated. For this purpose we

page_text: make the levers A with teeth on their outer ends, as shown diagramatically in
Figure 16, and with gates G as usual into which the stump H of the bolt ( is free to
pass when the said gates are brought in line opposite to it. One end of a lever dog I
takes into a notch N in the tail of the bolt C when the latter is shot and prevents the
same from being moved end wise sufficiently to enable its stump H to be brought into
contact with the ends of the levers A for the purpose of feeling the positions of the
gates. The other end of the lever dog I is adapted to take into one or more of
the teeth of the levers A when the opposite end of the lever dog I is raised out of the
notch N in the bolt. A cam W on the barrel or curtain X raises, either directly or
by the intervention of a lever Y, or a slide or wheel, the one end of this lever dog I
out of its notch N in the bolt when it is desired to lock or unlock the lock; but in
doing so the other end of the lever dog I is brought into gear with the teeth on the
ends of the levers A and prevents the latter from being moved up or down; conse-
quently if they have not been all previously raised to their proper heights to allow the
bolt stump H to pass into their gates they cannot be moved into those proper heights
until the lever dog I is allowed to return into its notch in the bolt C, and to be dis-
engaged from the teeth of the levers A. By these arrangements, on the one hand,
the bolt C cannot be moved endwise without lifting the lever dog I out of its notch N,
and on the other, if the lover dog is so lifted without all the levers A having been
previously raised to their proper positions, they cannot be raised into such positions
till the lever dog I is returned into the notch N in the bolt. The lever dog 1 may be
forced into its notch in the bolt by means of a spring I¹, and instead of being raised
by a cam on the barrel or curtain it may be moved by a step of the key acting upon
a projection of the lever dog.
The last above described arrangements may be applied to the combination keylock
arrangements above described, in which the secondary dises, racks, or slides are
carried on a fixed stud and the primary slides or levers on the tail of the bolt.
Such key or keyless permutation locks as are hereinbefore described, or other locks
having a bolt suitable for the purpose, may be used to secure the larger locking bolts
of safe or strong room doors, lids of strong boxes or other closing means for securing
valuables or other property. For the purpose of obtaining greater security in safe
and other similar doors both against forcible entry and the distorting effect of fire we
employ an improvement on the arrangement described in the specification of a patent
granted to John Chubb and William Henry Chalk dated 3rd November 1866 No. 2856
in which the bolts are caused to move in a diagonal or inclined direction with reference
to the sides and top and bottom of the door, whereby such bolts when shot out into
corresponding obliquely formed holes or recesses in the door frame tend to prevent the
said door frame from being forcibly bent outwards. The present improvement, which
is illustrated in Figures 17, 18 and 19 of the Drawings consists in arranging a double
set of such diagonally acting bolts, each set being adapted to move out in directions
at right angles, or thereabouts, to one another. Figure 17 represents the inside of
the door of a safe or strong room with the bolts arranged in this way, the outer plate
being supposed to be broken away and the bolts shot out into the locked position ;
Figure 18 is a view of the edge of the door with the bolts shot out, and Figure 19 a
similar view, but with the bolts drawn in. The bolts may preferably be arranged in
pairs such as A B for example, each pair issuing from one of the holes in the sides,
top or bottom of the door and entering one of the apertures in the corresponding part
of the door frame C. Each of the bolts composing a pair moves out in opposite
directions at an angle of 45° with the meeting line of the door and frame, that is in a
direction at right angles to each other, so that as their ends pass into the aperture in
the door frame they diverge and form, when shot out, a complete dovetail enclosed in
an aperture the ends of which are inclined both ways to correspond to the shape of
the said dovetail. The bolts may be formed with or connected to their actuating
plates and arranged in any suitable way. In the example shown in Figure 17 the
set of bolts A at the top and left hand side are formed with or connected to the
carrying plate A×, the set of bolts A¹ at the bottom and the right hand side are formed
with, or connected to the carrying plate, A**. The set of bolts B at the bottom and

page_text: left hand side are formed with or connected to the carrying plate B* and the set of
bolts B' at the top and right hand side are formed with or connected to the carrying
plate Bxx. The carrying plates A* A** B* and B** with their respective
bolts A, A, B, and B', are each moved inwards or outwards simultaneously by a
suitable modification of the usual central disc or cam arrangement, such as, for
example, that described, in the Specification of a Patent granted to Charles Chubb in
the year 1835 No. 6832, or one set of bolts may be operated by the said disc or cam,
and the other set connected to the first set in such manner as to receive its requisite
motion therefrom direct, or by the intervention of levers, links or other suitable
mechanical devices. Instead of the bolts being arranged to issue in pairs from one
hole in the edge of the door, each bolt may be arranged to issue from its own
special hole in the edge of the door and to enter a special hole formed in the door
frame to receive it, but in such manner that each two adjacent bolts shall move at
right angles to other each so as to assume together the dovetail form when shot out.
By these means additional security is obtained against forcible bending out of the
door frame in order to force the door open.
These bolts or plates may be of any suitable number and shape adapted to prevent
forcible entry, or distortion by fire, or the entrance of heat or flame between the door
and the frame or safe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that we
make no claim generally to the arrangement of the primary and secondary levers,
slides, racks or discs so that they are geared together when the lock is locked, and are
out of gear when the lock is unlocked, nor do we claim the use of a lever dog for
locking or dogging the bolt but we declare that what we do claim is :-
First In key permutation or combination locks, the pivotted arm K having the
secondary toothed slides, racks, levers or discs B mounted thereon, the said arm being
moved by the bolt Cor by the bolt C and a spring jointly, so as to put the said
secondary toothed slides, racks, levers or discs in gear with the primary toothed
slides or levers as the said bolt moves outwards, and to put the said secondary
toothed slides, levers, or discs out of gear with the primary toothed slides or levers as
the said bolt moves inwards, and the lever dog I locking or dogging the bolt C when
the same is shot, and holding the secondary levers, slides or discs B by means of the
stump H when the bolt C is withdrawn, combined, arranged and operating as herein-
before described, and illustrated in Figures 3 to 7 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second The arrangement of the secondary discs B, and the stump H on the lever
dog, in such manner that when the bolt is shot, the gates G of the disarranged discs B
are turned into such a position that the bodies of the said secondary discs and the
stump H are interposed between the said gates G and the keyhole, as herein before
described, and illustrated in Figure 4 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Third In key permutation or combination locks, the secondary levers, slides, racks
or discs B mounted on a fixed stud, or other fixed part of the lock, the primary slides
or levers mounted on, and carried by the tail of the bolt C, or on a sliding piece
independent of, but governed or moved by, the bolt C, and the stump H fixed on the
said bolt, all combined, arranged and operating as hereinbefore described, and
illustrated in Figures 8, 9 and 10 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fourth In keyless permutation or combination locks, the secondary toothed discs B,
the plain, notched or gated dises B¹ connected therewith, the arm K carrying the said
secondary discs B, and plain, notched or gated discs B¹, the index arm or handle Q
connected to the axis, or other suitable part of the arm K, the tail-piece or latch Ki
also connected to the axis, or other suitable part, of the arm K, and the notch K* in
the bolt C, combined, arranged and operating as herein before described, and illustrated
in Figures 11, 12 and 13 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fifth In keyless permutation or combination locks, the moveable stops A² in
combination with angular fixed stops A' in connection with the primary discs,

page_text: arranged and operating as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 14 and 15
of the Drawings hereto annexed, and for the purpose specified.
Sixth In lever locks, the lever dog I the tail end of which takes into a notch N in
the tail of the bolt C, and the front end of which engages with teeth on the front of
the levers, the said lever dog being actuated directly or indirectly by a cam W on the
barrel or curtain X, or by a step or bit of the key, as herein before described, and
illustrated in Figure 16 of the Drawings hereto annexed, and for the purpose
specified.
Seventh-The employment in safe and strong room doors, lids of strong boxes, and
other closing means, of two sets of diagonally acting bolts or plates arranged to issue
from the edges of the door, or other closing device, in directions at right angles, or
nearly so, to each other, in such manner that each two adjacent bolts shall form
together a dovetail, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 17, 18 and 19
of the Drawings hereto annexed.