A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF WATER COLOUR PRINTING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Kloen, of the Firm of Martin Billing,
Son, and Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Printers and Stationers, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF WATER COLOUR PRINTING."
Scaled the 1st April 1870, and dated the 14th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Kloen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th October 1869.
I, WILLIAM KLOEN, of the Firm of Martin Billing, Son, and
Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Printers and
Stationers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF WATER COLOUR PRINTING," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary method of printing from types and other printing
surfaces in ordinary printing ink the printed matter has an offensive
odour, which arises from the oil or vehicle used, which with the pigment
constitutes ordinary printing ink. For wrapping up or enclosing articles
of food, and for various other purposes, the use of paper printed upon

page_text: with the ordinary printing ink is objectionable in consequence of the
said odour. My Invention has for its object to remedy this defect,
and consists in the method of printing in water colours herein-after
described.
In printing according to my Invention I make the printing ink of the
required pigment mixed with glycerine, or glycerine and water, together
with in some cases a small quantity of gum arabic or other adhesive
matter. The printing ink so made I apply to the printing type or other
printing surface by means of a roller made of india-rubber. The printing
of the impression may be effected in any of the ordinary printing
machines or presses. As the said printing ink dries very rapidly a
succession of colours may be printed on the same sheet without loss of
time. As the printing ink made according to my Invention is miscible
with water the type or printing surface after having been used for
printing in one colour can be immediately cleaned and prepared for
printing in another colour by means of a sponge and water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Kloen in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM 2
KLOEN, of the Firm of Martin Billing, Son, and Company, of Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, Printers and Stationers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October, in the 2
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Ier reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Kloen, IIer special licence
that I, the said William Kloen, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Kloen, my executors, 3
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED 3

page_text: METHOD OF WATER COLOUR PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Kloen, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Kloen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In the ordinary method of printing from types and other printing
surfaces in ordinary printing ink the printed matter has an offensive
odour, which arises from the oil or vehicle used, which with the pigment
constitutes ordinary printing ink. For wrapping up or enclosing articles
of food, and for various other purposes, the use of paper printed upon
with the ordinary printing ink is objectionable in consequence of the
said odour. My Invention has for its object principally to remedy this
defect, and consists in the method of printing in water colours herein-
after described.
In printing according to my Invention I make the printing ink of the
required pigment mixed with glycerine, or glycerine and water, together
with in some cases a small quantity of gum arabic or other adhesive
matters. The other adhesive matters which I have found to answer best
in practice are sugar and gelatine and treacle or molasses. In printing
with aniline colours I prefer sugar or molasses to gum arabic as the
adhesive matter. I do not limit myself to any precise proportions of the
materials I employ, but I find that a mixture of one gallon of glycerine,
seven pounds of sugar, and four ounces of gelatine, with a little water in
some cases, answers very well. For the sugar an equal weight of gum
arabic or treacle may be substituted. From one to two ounces of the
pigment, according to its colour and density, may be added to each
pound of glycerine composition. The printing ink so made I apply to
the printing type or other printing surface by means of a roller made of
india-rubber or of the composition of which printing rollers are usually
made. The printing of the impression may be effected in any of the
ordinary printing machines or presses. As the said printing ink dries
very rapidly a succession of colours may be printed on the same sheet

page_text: without loss of time. As the printing ink made according to my
Invention is miscible with water the type or printing surface after
having been used in one colour can be immediately cleaned and
prepared for printing in another colour by means of a sponge and
water.
My method of water colour printing may be employed for a variety of
purposes besides the printing of paper for wrapping up food. For
example, the prints called transfers used in producing designs on
pottery wares and for other like purposes may be printed by my
Invention. In making the said transfers I print the designs in
pigments prepared in the manner hercin-before described on pottery
tissue or other paper prepared with size in the usual way; over the size
I put a layer of copal or other varnish, and when this is dry I print the
design thereon. The printed design is protected from being disturbed
by water by the coating of varnish.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
claim as my Invention, the new or improved method of water colour
printing herein-before described, that is to say, printing with pigments
mixed with glycerine either with or without the addition of water, gum
arabic, sugar, molasses, or other adhesive substances soluble in or
miscible with water, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Kloen, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
JAMES STEER,
Sheffield.
WILLIAM KLOEN. (L.S.)