Year: 1887

page_text: I, GEORGE TYZACK, of Cookson's Quay, South Shields, in the County of Durham,
Engineer and Government Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :—
"
33
The improvements consist in the construction of anchors having their holding
power distributed over two lateral palms or "flukes," preferably formed solid, upon a
transverse or cross arm connected to, and working simultaneously with, a toggle
or "tripping" piece--at right angles with the palms or "flukes "between jaws at
the head of the shank, in such a manner that the said "toggle" piece
1st causes the transverse arm and the palms or flukes
::
to trip" into a position
favourable for biting and may be formed so as also to increase their holding power in
the ground.
:
2
2nd forms a central steadying point which pierces into the ground under the
weightiest part of the anchor and tends to prevent its canting out of the ground by
the action of a possibly unequal strain on the flukes a fault hitherto suspected in
stockless anchors holding with both arms and proved by recent government trials.
3rd forms an effective lever stop, when the palms or
" flukes reach their proper
angle, bearing upon the shank, after the manner of the much approved Trotman Cross
or in an alternative form bearing upon a stop formed in the double eye of the shank.
Anchors constructed according to my invention will consist of, preferably, four main
pieces only viz. the shank, the transverse arm, with the lateral palms or
"flukes
formed upon it, the "toggle" piece and a loose collar, or equivalent device, to hold
the two latter pieces in position in the jaws of the shank; the "toggle" piece and
transverse arm being fixed, so as to work together in the jaws of shank, preferably
without loose keys or bolts, by forming a projecting rib on one, fitting into a groove
in the other. Anchors may thus be made at moderate cost of forged iron, steel or
other suitable material or offer great facilities for being cast of steel, in the equal
listribution of material and simplicity of shape of the essential pieces, machine work
or fitting being to a great extent dispensed with.
Anchors of this construction may be used either stockless or may be fitted with a

page_text: stock. Fouling is rendered impossible and the anchor admits of being drawn into
and stowed in hawse" pipe in the mauner named in my previous patent No. 5747
of 1883.
To obviate turns in the cable between the anchor, when being drawn up, and the
capstan or windlass some portion of the hawse pipe may be slightly grooved as a
guide, with due regard however not to impede the exit of the cable when letting go or
paying out.
I, GEORGE TYZACK, of Cooksons Quay South Shields, in the County of Durham,
Engineer and Government Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The improvements consist in the construction of anchors having their holding power
distributed over two lateral palins or "flukes," preferably formed solid, upon a trans-
verse or cross arm connected to, and working simultaneously with a sector shaped
toggle or "tripping" piece with palms-at right angles with the main palms-
between jaws at the head of the shank in such a manner that the said "toggle
piece
"
1st causes the tranverse arm and the main palms to trip into a position favourable
for biting and formed so that one of its palms entering the ground increases the
holding power thus becoming an auxiliary palm acting as in the Trotman Anchor.
2nd forms a central steadying point which pierces into the ground under the
weightiest part of the anchor and tends to prevent its canting out of the ground by
the action of a possibly unequal strain on the palms a fault hitherto suspected in
Stockless Anchors and proved by recent Government trials.
•
3rd forms an effective lover stop, when the palms or
"flukes" reach their proper
angle, bearing upon the shank, after the manner of the much approved Trotman Cross
which as an auxiliary it resembles.
Anchors constructed according to my invention will consist of preferably four main
pieces only viz. the shank, the transverse arm, with the lateral palms or "flukes," the
sector "toggle" piece and a loose collar or collars or equivalent device, to hold the
two latter pieces in position in the jaws of the shank; the sector shaped "toggle"

page_text: of 1883.
To obviate turns in the cable between the anchor, when being drawn up, and the
Capstan or Windlass some portion of the hawse pipe may be slightly grooved as a
guide, with due regard however not to impede the exit of the cable when letting go or
paying out but this forms no part of my invention.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
On the accompanying 2 sheets of drawings on which the same letters refer to
corresponding parts on all the Figs. I have shewn the forms in which I prefer to carry
my invention into practice wishing it to be understood that in minor details the con-
struction will be varied to suit the sizes and weights of anchors and whether of forged
iron, or steel, or of cast steel.
"
On sheet 1 Figs. 1 & 2 shew a side view and plan of one of my improved anchors
Fig. 1 being in holding position in which one palm of the sector toggle H, which is
fixed-upon the main arins C C and moves with them, will penetrate the ground
simultaneously with the main palm D D which are
to and fixed at the
tripped
angle best adapted for entering and holding in the ground and the other palm is
bearing upon the anchor shank A forming a most effective lever stop for the main
arms without presenting any projection to foul the cable.
Fig. 3 shews a side view of such an anchor with the main arms CC parallel with
the shank in which position one of the palms of the sector toggle H will bite by the
direct and central pull of the cable and having the whole weight of the anchor upon
it will penetrate the ground and so steady and bring into biting position the palms D D
of main arms C C and cause them to penetrate as shewn by Figs. 1 and 4 in which it
will be seen the "toggle" palm also supplements the holding power as an auxiliary
arm of the Trotman type.
Fig. 4 shews an end view of my Anchor fitted with a stock looking from shackle end
of shank A. toward the main arms CC and palms D D and sector "toggle" H the
object being to shew the steadying effect of the latter against any tendency of the
anchor to "cant over through one of the palms D D possibly having a better hold
than the other. Fig. 5 shews a plan view of Fig. 4 broken in shank to save space.
On sheet 2 the details of the Anchor are shewn separately.
"
Fig. 6 being the main arms and palms as seen in plan. Fig. 7 the same on side
view.
Figs. 8 and 9 shew two views of the shank and Fig. 10 the washers which secure
the main arms and sector "toggle" in the jaws of shank.
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 shew a side view, plan and end view of the sector "toggle."
A is the anchor shank fitted with the usual shackle for cable and with a jaw B to
receive the main arm and sector toggle. CC are the main arms with the palms D D
formed upon them and with an enlarged part at E with three grooves to receive
corresponding feathers G in the eye of the sector "toggle" piece H shewn by Figs. 11, 12
and 13 which clearly illustrate the peculiar formation of this portion of the anchor,
especially as to the palms J J which are so shaped as to readily enter the ground and to
supplement the holding power of the main palms D D after serving their purpose of
'tripping" them into biting position as shewn by Figs. 1, 4 & 5sheet 1.

page_text: "
Fig. 10 shews the rings or washers K by which the main arms CC) and the sector
toggle"H are fixed in position in the jaw of the shank A.
The feathers G on these rings or washers fit into the grooves Fin main arms with which
they turn and they are fixed end wise by steel set screws L which enter into the
grooves M turned in the centre portion of main arms.
It will be observed that the relative positions of the toggle palms and of the main
palms when entering the ground, or when fully entered, prevent any tendency of the
former to counteract the holding effect of the latter as is the case with many anchors
fitted with "tripping toggles" and that on the contrary the "toggle-palm" acts in
combination with the main palms to supplement and secure their hold in the
ground.
23 46
Anchors made according to my invention offer special advantages for stowing on
board ship and for transport owing to the facility with which the main arms and
sector toggle can be taken apart from the shank and replaced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
::
1st. The application to anchors of a sector "toggle" with palms, resembling and acting
in the manner of a Trotman Cross, secured at right angles upon, and moving on the
same axis as, and simultaneously with, the main arms, with the objects; firstly of
tripping "the main palms into penetrating position and holding them in such
position, as a lever stop, with one palm bearing upon the shank; secondly of steadying
the anchor when taking hold and against "canting" over by a possibly unequal hold
of the main palms and thirdly of giving additional holding power by the penetration
of one of the hollow backed palins of the sector "toggle" simultaneously with the main
palms, substantially as described.
2nd. The improvements in Anchors consisting of the combination with the main arms,
of the sector "toggle," having palms at ends, fixed upon, and moving simultaneously
with them on the same centre; the shank, with jaw to receive the arms and sector;
and washers or collars to fix same in position arranged constructed and operating
substantially as described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated the 2nd November 1907