IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Bawden, of 49, Norland Square, Notting
Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Brick Manufacturer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
AND TILES."
Sealed the 9th June 1868, and dated the 12th December 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Bawden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1867.
I, PETER BAWDEN, of 49, Norland Square, Notting Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Brick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
AND TILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of bricks and tiles, whereby such machines will make bricks and tiles of a
better quality and in greater numbers with less power and less labor than
heretofore. The machine is as nearly as possible self-acting; it is driven by
horse or steam power, and grinds or pugs the clay or brick earth, washes
sands, and fills the brick moulds, lays the pallet boards in their proper places,
washes and sands them, places the bricks on the pallet boards, and carries
them to the wheelbarrows to be conveyed from the machine.

page_text: The machine is constructed as follows:-The pug mill tub or box is the
same as an ordinary pug mill, and may be made either round or square, and
of wood or iron, and with an ordinary round or square iron shaft with
bearings near the top and bottom. The pole or lever is fastened to the top
of the mill shaft, and supposing the machine to be driven by horse power the
horse is attached to the other end of the pole, which gives motion to the
whole machine. Two clay knives with four blades each are fastened to
the mill shaft to cut and grind the clay; these blades are so constructed
as to push the clay towards the outside of the pug mill tub, each blade
forming nearly a semicircle, whereby a large cutting surface is afforded, at
the same time allowing it to pass easily through the clay. There is also
another clay knife with four blades fastened to the shaft at the bottom of the
tub, which also pushes the clay towards the outside of the pug mill, but the
points of the blades are so constructed as to press the clay through holes in
the bottom of the tub into the brick moulds which pass underneath. At the
bottom end of the vertical mill shaft is attached a bevil cog wheel, about say
three feet in diameter, which drives two smaller bevil wheels, each being one-
fourth of the size; one of these small bevil wheels is attached to a horizontal
shaft which runs across the machine underneath the tub, and has a crank
fastened to each end; these cranks work into a slotted guide at each side of
the machine, and each slotted guide is bolted to a long flat bar, the crank
giving to the horizontal bar a to-and-fro motion, and this motion brings
forward the chain of moulds as well as the pallet boards. The other small
bevil cog wheel is attached to a short horizontal shaft which runs along the
machine and has a cog wheel attached to it, about say one foot six inches
in diameter, which drives another cog wheel three feet in diameter; this
three feet wheel is attached to a long horizontal shaft, which runs the whole
length of the machine underneath the long tables or frames which extend
each side of the tub to carry the chain of moulds. To this horizontal shaft
is attached four cam wheels, two on each side of the tub for driving the
machinery for washing and sanding the moulds, also for placing the bricks
on the wheelbarrows and pushing them forward ready to receive the next
four bricks, two wheelbarrows being loaded at the same time. The moulds
are made of cast iron or other metal, each mould will make two bricks;
there are about thirty-six of these two brick moulds, which form an endless
chain round the machine, the moulds have each a boss at the corner, with an
aperture formed therein, to which a one-sided link is attached; by this means
the moulds are linked together. The moulds pass round horizontally under-
neath the bottom of the pug mill, there being eighteen moulds each side of

page_text: the machine in the bottom of the tub. There is a hole each side of the
machine through which the clay passes into the moulds, and there are sixteen
bricks made each time the horse goes round. When a mould has been filled
with clay it is then pushed forwards underneath a plane or scraper, the next
push brings it under a sanded roller which has a box of sand above it, the
next push the mould rests on its top edges and the two pallet boards, which
hold the brick in the mould, rest on three rods or pieces of round iron; by
the next push the pallets are placed on the three next pieces of round iron,
which are bent at right angles, and are hinged similar to a parallel rule, these
then descend and lay the four bricks gently on the wheelbarrow; the next
push brings the empty two-brick mould over a box of water when two brushes
each the size of the brick are lifted up through the mould, thereby washing
it and leaving the mould wet, the brushes again falling into the water; the
next push brings the empty wet mould over a box containing dry sand, and
this box is kept full of sand from a large box of sand above it. This box
under the mould has a loose thick bottom edged with india-rubber or leather,
the loose bottom being pushed up it fills the mould with sand, there being a
box above the mould to keep the sand from running over. The mould being
thoroughly sanded the loose bottom goes down, thereby emptying the sand
out of the mould; the next push turns the mould towards going up the other
side of the machine; the next push brings the empty sanded mould over the
two sanded pallet boards; the next push the mould is advanced from its top
edges, and sends the empty moulds in front to be filled with clay again, but
this time not on the same side of the tub, each mould having to go through
the same action, viz., that of being filled with clay or brick earth, being
emptied over the wheelbarrow, washed over the water box, sanded over the
sand box, and so the operations continue. There are two small iron boxes
under the pug mill tub, one on each side of the machine, close under these
boxes the moulds are filled, there being holes in the bottom of these small
boxes for the clay to pass through into the moulds; there are also regulators
into these boxes to give the clay more or less pressure into the moulds. There
are two small doors hinged on the top which form a loose end to the end of
the box, where the moulds come out filled. These doors are kept down with
a pressure, but in case a stone or any hard substance should get partially into
the mould, either of these doors is free to rise up and allows the stone to
pass, and again shuts in its proper place for the next mould to fill. The
pallet boards are placed at each end of the machine in a box which is placed
on the table or frame, the same that the moulds rest on, the pallets are placed
in a box in two rows or piles side by side, the pusher pushes the two bottom

page_text: pallets which are side by side, the iron pusher then goes backwards, which
allows the next two pallets to come down on the table, and so the operation
continues, always pushing the two bottom pallets. These pallets are pushed
under a water pipe with small holes in it to wet the pallets; they then pass under
a V-shaped scraper, then under a sanded wood roller having a sand box over
it, the pallets being sanded and pushed under the empty moulds there remain
till filled with clay and laid into the wheelbarrows. The wheelbarrows have
two wheels in front and two small wheels at the foot of the legs, the top of
the barrow has four rails of wood about three inches deep and about one
inch and a quarter thick, and about eight feet long, the two outside rails form
the handle as well as for the bricks to rest on; the handles are cut on the
lower side of the rails, so as to allow the front of the next barrow to fit on it.
There is a kind of snap catch at the front and back of each barrow, so that
by placing the back barrow up close to the front barrow they will catch and
hold together, so that by pushing forward the front barrow the same action will
bring the back barrow to its proper place to receive the next four bricks.
When the last four bricks are on the barrow the weight will disconnect the
barrow, so that the loaded barrow will be free to be taken away. By this
means the barrow tops form a continual place to receive the bricks; the
barrows are pushed forward by having small necks or recesses into which a
catch falls to give it its forward motion which is derived from the cam on the
long horizontal shaft.
Although in the foregoing description I have given certain sizes or dimen-
sions for some of the parts, the wheels for example, yet I do not limit myself
to these particular sizes, as the same must be necessarily varied to suit
machines of different sizes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Bawden in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
BAWDEN, of 49, Norland Square, Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex,
Brick Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Peter Bawden, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Bawden,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter
Bawden, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the.
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel:
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES," upon the condition (amongst:
others) that I, the said Peter Bawden, my executors or administrators, by.
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,.
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to.
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next.
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Bawden, do hereby declare:
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the:
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and,
to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for the manufacture.
of bricks and tiles whereby such machines will make bricks and tiles of a,
better quality and in greater numbers with less power and less labour than
heretofore. The machine is as nearly as possible self-acting. It is driven
by horse or steam power, and grinds or pugs the clay or brick earth, washs
sands, and fills the brick moulds, lays the pallet boards in their proper places,
washs and sands them, places the bricks on the pallet boards, and carries,
lowers, and lays them on the wheelbarrows to be conveyed from the machine.
The machine is constructed as follows, and will be best understood by reference
to the accompanying Drawings, of which Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2 is
a side elevation, and Figure 3 an end view of the machine complete;
Figure 4 is a plan, Figure 5 is a side elevation, and Figure 6 is a front view
of the wheelbarrow; Figure 7 is a back end view, Figure 8 is a side view,
and Figure 9 is a bottom view of the clay box; Figures 10 are detached
views of doors fitted thereto to open and close in case of a stone obstructing.
the passage; Figure 11 is an end view, and Figure 12 is a back view of the
barrow loader for placing the bricks on the barrows; Figure 13 is a top,
Figure 14 is a side, and Figure 15 is an end view of a double brick mould'
detached and made according to my Invention.
Although in the following description I purpose giving certain sizes or,
dimensions for some of the parts, the wheels, for example, yet I.do,not limit

page_text: myself to these particular sizes as the same must be necessarily varied to
suit machines of different sizes. Similar letters of reference refer to like
parts in all the Figures. A is the mill top keyed to the top of the pug mill
shaft and bolted to the horse pole which would be for the machine about to
be described, thirty feet long; B is the pug mill shaft to which the clay
knives are keyed with bevil wheel at the bottom and horse pole at the top; C
is the pug mill tub in which the clay knives revolve with a cross piece at top
for the mill shaft bearing; D is a bevil driving cog wheel keyed to the lower
end of the clay mill shaft and driving two small bevil wheels; E, E, are
slotted guides or arms in which cranks F, F, work. These slotted guides
are bolted to a flat bar R about fifteen feet in length; F, F, are the cranks
which work in the slotted guides and give the bar a forward and backward:
motion to push the moulds; G is a cog wheel keyed to a long horizontal.
shaft I to which the cam wheels are keyed; H is a wheel half the size of
the wheel G keyed to the same shaft as one of the small bevil wheels; I is a
long horizontal shaft to which the cog wheel G is keyed as well as the four
cam wheels; J, J, are the double cam wheels which communicate motion to
wash and sand the moulds; K is the cam for placing the bricks on the
wheelbarrows; L are treble arms provided with a friction roller which runs
on the cam for washing and sanding the moulds; M is the water box in
which two brushes are wetted to wash the moulds, the brushes sliding up and
down in the box; N is the sand box for sanding the moulds, it has a loose
bottom whereby the sand is pushed up through the moulds; O is a sand box
for sanding the pallet boards as they are pushed under it, and on the front
thereof there is a piece of iron to regulate the thickness of sand; P
is the pallet board box containing two rows of pallet boards resting on its
side, the pallets being pushed underneath; R, R, are bars to which the
slotted guide, the mould and pallet pusher are bolted; Qis the pallet pusher
for pushing the two bottom pallets under the box; S is the mould pusher
bolted to the long bar, it consists of two pieces of flat iron hinged at the end
which catch the mould; T is an aperture in the side of the frame through
which sand passes from the upper sand box to the smaller box, and which
latter fills the moulds; U is the barrow loader which places the bricks on
the barrow and remains down till the barrow is pushed forward; V, V,.are
pieces of flat iron with apertures therein, and bolted to the barrow loader
to push the bricks out of the moulds in case they should stick therein; W is
an arm or beam to lift the barrow loader up and down, attached to the top
connecting rod from the cam arm; X, X, are bearings to hinge the barrow
loading arms; Y is a wheel bolted to the cam to push the L-shaped bar

page_text: forward, and this bar pushes the barrow catch bar forward; Z is the L-shaped
bar which is pushed forwards and backwards by the friction wheel.
a, a, are the frames or long sides of the machine; four of them have a
flange for the top edge of the mould to slide on over the water box; b, b, are
standards or legs for the long frames to rest on as well as forming a bearing
for the long horizontal shaft; c is an aperture to clean out the clay box.
through which the clay passes into the moulds; d, d, are the double brick
moulds, one of which is shown detached at Figures 13, 14, and 15, made of
cast iron, making two bricks at once, having a lug on each corner to chain
them together with a half link, the top edges projecting for the catch, and.
slide 12 is the flange on which the moulds rest when they are full of clay,
and while the barrow loader is lowering the bricks out of the moulds into the
barrow the moulds also rest on the flange when they are being pushed on
over the water and sand boxes in the centre of the sides of the moulds
; the
Bange projects double the width for a short distance, say 3 inches; it is at.
this projection that the mould pusher catches the moulds and pushes them
along; 13 is the lug with an aperture for the half link of a chain; it is by this.
means that the moulds are linked together and form an endless chain the
half links are fastened to only one side of the moulds, the lugs being fastened
on both sides so as to change sides with the moulds when the inner side
becomes worn; the use of the lug and half link of chain is only to pull the
next empty mould across the machine to its proper place to be again caught
in the flange by the mould pusher; e, e, are brushes with the hair or bristles on
the edges as shown, the moulds being rather smaller than the brushes the latter.
pass up and down through the moulds; f,f, are thin pieces of sheet iron for
the moulds to slide on; 9, 9, are holes in the tub bottom for the clay to pass
into the moulds; h, h, are iron plates with a square aperture in each to
regulate the clay into the moulds with the handle; i is a four-bladed knife to
grind the clay, there being three in each pug mill; j is a four-bladed knife to
press the clay through the holes in the bottom of the tub into the moulds; k
is a cross bearing for the pug mill shaft, and bolted to the top of the pug mill
tub; is a handle to regulate the clay in its passage to the moulds by means
of the regulating plates in the tub bottom; m is the wheelbarrow provided
with four rails and bolted to three cross boards having two pieces of angle
iron on which it slides as well as a catch front and back, two wheels and two
smaller wheels at the ends of the legs; n, n, are two pieces for the wheel-
barrow to slide on to receive the bricks; p is a bar with a catch to catch the
head of the bolt which forms the catch on the top of the barrow; 9, 9, are
the bearings for the barrow catch bar; r, r, are brackets for the large treble

page_text: arms and friction roller which run on the cam; 8, s, are long flat bar bearings ;
t is the bottom of the mill tub, there being two apertures in it through which
the clay passes into the moulds; u, u, are connecting rods to the barrow
loading arms; v is a wood roller table on which the moulds rest while being
filled with clay under the pug mill, it rests on a spring at each end to keep it
tight to the clay box; w is a handle to put the brushes out of gear when not
required to wash or wet the moulds; y, y, are sleepers or supports for the
machine. 1 is the clay box (see Figures 7, 8 and 9), with two apertures
for clay to pass through into the moulds; 2, 2, are doors (see Figure 10)
free to open and close in case of a stone or any other hard foreign substance
getting into the mould; 8, 8, are springs to bring the doors back into positioni
after being opened by a stone or other substance; 4, 4, are connecting rods
from springs to the doors, the doors being steeled at the bottom. In the
barrow loader shown at Figures 11 and 12, 5, 5, are plates of iron to slide up
and down in grooves bolted to the long frame; 6, 6, are round pieces of iron
to receive the brick on the pallet boards; 7, 7, are springs to push the round
pieces apart as soon as the two narrow plates come down out of the grooves:
and to place the pallets on the barrow; 8, 8, are set screws to rise or lower
for bricks of different sizes; 9, 9, are holes to bolt the piece of flat iron
intended to push the bricks out of the moulds in case they should stick.
The action of the machine will be more clearly understood by the following
description:-The pug mill tub or box C is the same as an ordinary pug.
mill, and may be made either round or square, and of wood or iron, and with
an ordinary round or square iron shaft B with bearings near the top and
bottom. The pole or lever is fastened to the top of the mill shaft, and
supposing the machine to be driven by horse power the horse is attached to
the other end of the pole which gives motion to the whole machine. Two
clay knives i, i, with four blades each are fastened to the mill shaft to cut and
grind the clay; these blades i, i, are so constructed as to push the clay towards
the outside of the pug mill tub, each blade forming nearly a semicircle,
whereby a large cutting surface is afforded, at the same time allowing them to
pass easily through the the clay. There is also another clay knife j, j, with four
blades fastened to the shaft at the bottom of the tub which also pushes the
clay towards the outside of the pug mill, but the points of the blades are so
constructed as to press the clay through holes 9, 9, in the bottom of the tub
into the brick moulds d which pass underneath. At the bottom end of the
vertical mill shaft is attached a bevil cog wheel D about say three feet in
diameter which drives the two smaller bevil wheels, each being one-fourth of
the size. One of these small bevil wheels is attached to the horizontal shaft

page_text: which runs across the machine underneath the tub C and has the cranks F
fastened to each end; these cranks work into the slotted guide E at each side
of the machine, and each slotted guide is bolted to the long flat bar R,
the crank giving to the horizontal bar a to-and-fro motion, and this motion
brings forward the chain of moulds as well as the pallet boards. The other
small bevil cog wheel is attached to a short horizontal shaft which runs along
the machine and has the cog wheel H attached to it, which drives another
cog wheel G, this latter wheel being attached to the long horizontal shaft I
which runs the whole length of the machine underneath the long tables or
frames which extend each side of the tub C to carry the chain of moulds. To
this horizontal shaft I the four cam wheels K, K, and J, J, two on each side
of the tub, are attached. The cams J drive the machinery for washing and
sanding the moulds, the cams K for placing the bricks on the wheelbarrows
and pushing them forward ready to receive the next four bricks, two wheel-
barrows being loaded at one and the same time. The moulds are made by
preference of cast iron, and each mould makes two bricks; there are about
thirty-six of these two-brick moulds, forming an endless chain round the
machine. The moulds bave each a boss at the corner with an aperture therein
to which a one-sided link is attached, and by this means the moulds are linked
together. The moulds pass round horizontally underneath the bottom of the
pug mill, there being eighteen moulds each side of the machine in the bottom
of the tub. There is a hole each side of the machine through which the clay
passes into the moulds, and there are sixteen bricks made each time the horse
goes round. When a mould has been filled with clay it is then pushed
forwards underneath a plane or scraper; the next push brings it under a
sanded roller which has a box of sand above it; the next push the mould
rests on its top edges on a flange on the frames, and the two pallet boards
which hold the brick in the mould rest on four rods or pieces of round iron;
by the next push the pallets are placed on the four next pieces of round iron
U, which are bent at right angles and are hinged similar to a parallel rule i
these then descend and lay the four bricks gently on the wheelbarrow m;
the next push brings the empty two brick moulds over a box of water M,
when two brushes e, e, each the size of or rather larger than the brick are
lifted up through the mould, thereby washing them and leaving the mould
wet; the brushes again falling into the water, the next push brings the empty
wet moulds over dry brushes, which wipe off any surplus water therein; the
next push carries the same moulds over a box containing dry sand, and this
box is kept full of sand from a large box of sand above it. This box under

page_text: the mould has a loose thick bottom edged with wood, india-rubber, or leather,
the loose bottom being pushed up it fills the mould with sand, there being a
box above the mould to keep the sand from running over. The mould being
thoroughly sanded the loose bottom goes down, thereby emptying the sand out
of the mould. The next push turns the moulds towards going up the other
side of the machine; the next push brings the empty sanded mould over the
two sanded pallet boards; the next push this mould is advanced from its top
edges and sends the empty moulds in front to be filled with clay again, but
this time not on the same side of the tub C, each mould having to go through
the same action, viz., that of being filled with clay or brick earth, being
emptied over the wheelbarrow, washed over the water box, sanded over the
sand box, and so the operations continue. There are two small iron boxes 1
under the png mill tub, one on each side of the machine. Close under these
boxes the moulds are filled, there being holes in the bottom of these small
boxes for the clay to pass through into the moulds; there are also regulators
or plates of iron h into these boxes to give the clay more or less pressure into
the moulds. There are two small doors hinged on the top which form a loose
end to the end of the box where the moulds come out filled; these doors
are kept shut by the pressure of springs 3, but in case a stone or any hard
substance should get partially into the mould either of these doors is free to
rise up and allows the stone to pass and again shuts in its proper place for the
next mould to fill. The pallet boards are placed at each end of the machine
in a box P which is placed on the table or frame the same that the moulds
rest on; the pallets are placed in a box in two rows or piles side by side, a
piece of sheet iron only between them. The pusher Q pushes the two bottom
pallets, which are side by side, the iron pusher Q then goes backwards, which
allows the next two pallets to come down on the table, and so the operation
continues, always pushing the two bottom pallets; the pallets are pushed
under a water pipe with small holes in it to wet the pallets, they then pass
under a V-shaped scraper, then under a sanded wood roller or box with an
iron scraper having a sand box over it, the pallets being sanded and pushed
under the empty moulds there remain till filled with clay and laid on the
wheelbarrows. The wheelbarrows, see Figures 4, 5, and 6, have two wheels
in front and two small wheels at the foot of the legs. The top of the barrow
bas four rails of wood about three inches deep and about one inch and a quarter
thick and about eight feet long. The two outside rails form the handle as
well as for the bricks to rest on. The handles are cut on the lower side of
the rails so as to allow the front of the next barrow to fit on it. There is a

page_text: kind of snap catch at the front and back of each barrow, so that by placing
the back barrow up close to the front barrow they will catch and hold together
so that by pushing forward the front barrow the same action will bring the
back barrow to its proper place to receive the next four bricks. When the
last four bricks are on the barrow the weight will disconnect the barrow so
that the loaded barrow will be free to be taken away; by this means the
barrow tops form a continual place to receive the bricks. The barrows are
pushed forward by having small necks or recesses into which a catch falls to
give it its forward motion, which is derived from the cam on the long horizontal
shaft.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not limit myself to
the precise arrangement of parts herein-before described, as in some cases
mechanical equivalents might be employed without departing from the essential
features of my Invention; but I claim as my "Improvements in Machinery
for the Manufacture of Bricks and Tiles,"-
First. The construction, arrangement, and method of action of the machinery
together with any mere modifications thereof for grinding or pugging clay or
brick earth for washing, sanding, and filling the brick moulds for laying the
pallet boards for washing and sanding the same (except by the use of sanded
rollers), for placing the bricks on the pallet boards, and for carrying them
to the wheelbarrows to be conveyed thereby from the machine, all sub-
stantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Second. The construction, arrangement, and method of action of wheelbarrows
for brick-making machines, substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated partially at Figures 1, 2, and 3, but more fully at Figures 4, 5,
and 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The particular construction of the bottom portion of the clay or brick
earth box whereby stones or any other foreign bodies are expelled from the
machine, as herein-before described and illustrated at Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10
of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The construction, arrangement, and method of action of the
apparatus which I have termed the barrow-loader used for placing the bricks
on the barrows, as herein-before described and illustrated at Figures 11 and
12 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The construction and employment of double moulds for brick and
tile machines with a flange on the top edge and linked together, all substantially

page_text: as herein-before described and particularly illustrated at Figures 13, 14, and
15 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Bawden, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of June, in the. year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
P. BAWDEN. (L.S.)