Improvements in and in connection with Cycles and such like Vehicles.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, &th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 8th Mar., 1899
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Cycles and such like
Vehicles.
I, ARTHUR ELLIS, of No. 11, Upper Ormond Quay, Dublin, Student, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Improvements in various parts of cycles relating firstly to improved methods
of adjustably attaching the crank to the spindle so that it may be prevented
from rotating therewith. Secondly an improved means of clipping or carrying
a pump or other article on a cycle. Thirdly an improved braking device. Fourthly
an improved means of locking and preventing a pedal foot or toe clip from hang
ing downwardly. Fifthly an improved method of adjusting the cones of ball
bearings. Sixthly an improved means of so attaching a crank to its axle that
its pedal may be turned inwardly with, or without, being released from rotation,
and seventhly relating to an improved means of preventing the ingress of dust
to valves or oiling holes.
In attaching of cranks to their spindles I make improvements such as follows,
with the object of so adjustably locking them thereto that they may be easily
kept from rotating therewith when the machine is not in use and being wheeled
along. The following are methods by which such objects may be attained.
The axle has a annular channel towards the end thereof and the end is also
squared or with one or more flat sides thereto. The crank head has a circular
axle hole but cut from one side of such hole is a flatted or such like slot or hole,
of or about a similar shape as the end of the axle. When the crank is on the
axle it is retained thereon against longtitudinal movement by a pin passing there
through and engaging with the annular channel on the spindle. When the axle
is in engagement with the crank slot it may be locked thereto by a pin, and in
such position rotates the crank, but when in engagement with the circular hole
it rotates without rotating the crank. It is kept within such hole by a pin.
Or, I may have the end of the axle slotted and the crank head with a slot or
hole part of which has a tongue to take into the axle slot and thereby lock both
together. The axle may slide out of engagement with the tongue, into the upper
part of the crank slot and be retained in that position by a pin, and when so
retained will not rotate with the axle or, I may have a circular hole in the crank
slightly larger than the axle end and have a longtitudinal or radial slot to the
outer face thereof within this slot I pass a locking piece, pivotally securing it
to the crank. When the crank is on the axle this locking piece engages with the
slot therein and is kept locked thereto by a pin.
The pins may be of any shape or construction eccentric or otherwise.
Or, there may be a loose axle ring on which the crank slides longtitudinally
with an outer rigid lug to which it is locked for riding.
My second improvement refers to methods of clipping or retaining the pump
or other articles to the frame or tubes of a machine and consists mainly of a
clip such as may be secured to such frame, having duplicate flanges to the side
ends thereof, the article to be carried having thereto another such clip with single

page_text: flanges or a plate having such flanges. The latter flanges being passed within
the frame clip flanges, and retained therein either by a screw pin eccentric pin,
or by the duplicate flanges being centrally or so bent as to form a spring
retainer.
In another method I form part of the body of a clip preferably the upper
central part, of a flatted or equivalently so shaped as to stand out from the
circularly shaped part and having a radial or longitudinal slot or pocket thereto,
part of the body of the clip being bent or slit to form a spring lying towards
the bed of such slot. The tongue of a second clip or plate engages into such
pocket or slot and is retained by the spring or other means. Or the body of the
clip may be shaped with a tongue which may be formed out of a slotted part
thereof, and bent at an angle thereto and having therein holes, or slots. A coin-
cident clip or plate being formed with a hooked or studded tongue to engage with
the slots or holes in the other.
These clips may be so shaped as to be interchangable and attachable to either
the machine or the carried article and may be attachable thereto by bolting or
other means, or formed as spring clips.
My improvements in brakes are as follows. I have secured to one or both
sides of the wheel or in one therewith, a disc preferably having an annular flange
(on the back wheel the pinion or equivalent may be utilized). To a part of the
frame of the machine such as the forks, or to the spindle, I have a tubular
case screw threaded internally, within this I pass a threaded pin, the inner end
adapted to bear against one or more parts of the disc and the outer end having
radial arms or equivalents adapted to connect to a brake rod or equivalent.
Instead of the inner end bearing directly against the disc it may bear against
an intervening block.
I may also have hinged or pivoted to the tubular case, axle or frame one or
more short arms one end adapted to press against the annular flange & the other
to be operated by the threaded pin and may also so arrange the parts that the
pin may not come into contact with the disc. I may have rollers or such like to
any of the frictional parts or face such parts with rubber leather or other material
and may duplicate the parts so as to have two pins to equalize the pressure on
the disc. The above construction may also be reversed and the pin be a tubular
one screwed to, and travelling upon a bolt or equivalent.
To utilize the brake operation on the handle causes tension on the outer radial
arm of the pin pulling it around, it may be, a quarter circle, thereby causing the
pin to turn and travel on its screw so that its end bears against the disc or
forces the block against same, the return to the normal position being caused
by springs, placed as may be necessary.
A further improvement relates to means of so attaching a foot grip toe clip
or such like to the pedal that when not in engagement with the foot it is locked
to the pedal pin or crank and is carried around with the crank in the position in
which it has locked. One method of so doing with a toe clip is as follows. I
pivotally attach the clip 'to the pedal frame or tube, on the pin or to the crank
I have secured a plate or collar which is notched serrated or pinholed. One of
the ends of the clip is so bent and shaped that when the clip is free and its
toe piece depressed such depression causes the further end to engage with the
notched collar and it is kept locked thereto by its own weight or a spring. The
opposite end may also engage with a similar collar.
At or near either or both ends the clip has been bent inwardly, as to form
foot plate which preferably rises over the pedal blocks when the clip is locked
and which is depressed when the foot is placed on the pedal thereby releasing the
end from the notched collar and causing the toe piece to be over the foot.
The clip may not be in one piece but made up of two or more pieces and so
as to be adjustable or otherwise and so adapted that if preferred the clip may be 5
locked into the usual position.
The notched collar may be a cone or a lock nut.

page_text: A further improvement refers to the adjustment of bearings particularly those
of the crank spindle which I carry out as follows:-The cups in my bearings
may be locked, faced or secured in any well known manner and the bearing
faces of the cones may face either inwardly or outwardly but with an outward
shank which may be slotted or gapped forming teeth, pinion-like, such a cone
is screwed to the axle or equivalent.
The crank may have part of its head cut away outwardly the remaining part
having a hole therein in line with the axle. Through this hole I loosely pass
a pin the inner end of which carries a small pinion and the outward part a
locking nut or other means of locking same as necessary against rotation. This
crank pinion gears with the toothed end of the cone and when same is rotated
it also rotates the cone causing it to travel against or from the cups thereby
adjusting the pressure on the balls. Or I may have the cone loose upon the axle
but screw threaded or wormed exteriorly and worked by coincident threads upon
the crank pinion. Or I may have the cone to be loosely keyed to the axle,
so as to slide thereon and screw threaded exteriorly having screwed thereto an
internally threaded ring, the exterior of which is toothed or gapped to engage
with the first mentioned pinion.
I may dispense with the rotating pin & pinion and through a hole in the frame
or crank pass a key having a toothed or wormed shank adapted to engage with
and rotate the cone or collar the end of the key may also take into a hole or
projection in the bracket or equivalent to steady it when using for adjustment.
A sixth improvement is in connection with a means of turning the pedal side
of the crank inwardly towards the machine so that the axle may be rotated with
or without rotating the crank. I swivel a ring or equivalent to the crank head
and pass it on the axle leaving it loose thereon. I then pass on the axle a lug
which I lock thereto in any usual manner, I provide means of locking the crank
to this lug at one or more parts thereof. Preferably I have the ring swivelled
to the inner side of the crank with a slotted hole to either. When the pedal
is to the outside the outer side of the crank is engaged with the lug but when
the pedal is turned inwardly the outer part of the crank slides or passes out of
engagement with the lug & hangs loosely on the ring. The axle may be formed
at one end with the lug integral therewith.
My last improvement relates to a dust cap for valves of tyres or oiling holes
and consists of an interiorly threaded ring which is screwed upon a part of the
valve, or to the oiling case which takes into the oil hole. Such ring has
swivelled thereto a semi-circular or helmet shaped cap, the inner side of which
may have a pad, such as of leather or from the centre of the inner side there may
be a spike to take into the valve, or oil hole, in which case the cap, may be
slotted at its point of pivotal attachment to the ring so as to slide thereon,. or
the cap may be similarly attached to a ring which is loosely secured to the first
mentioned ring. Or there may be a spring or such like of rubber, wire or metal,
abutting against the loose ring or otherwise so placed as to keep such ring and
cap in normal position.
ARTHUR ELLIS,
Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Cycles and such like
Vehicles.
I, ARTHUR ELLIS, of No. 11, Upper Ormond Quay, Dublin, Student, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
--
Improvements in various parts of cycles; videlict, in connecting cranks to
their spindles, in carrying clips, in brakes, adjusting bearings, in reversable or
inwardly turning pedal cranks, and in caps for valves and oiling holes.
In attaching of cranks to their spindles I make improvements such as follows,
with the object of so adjustably locking them thereto that they may be easily
kept from rotating therewith when the machine is not in use and being wheeled
along. The following are methods by which such objects may be attained.
The axle A Fig. 1 has an annular channel a¹ towards the end thereof and the
end is also squared or with one or more flat sides thereto a². The crank head a
has a circular axle hole a but cut from one side of such hole is a flatted or such
like slot or hole a of or about a similar shape as the end of the axle. When
the crank is on the axle it is retained thereon against longtitudinal movement
by a pin as passing therethrough and engaging with the annular channel a¹ on
the spindle, A. When the axle is in engagement with the crank slot a it may
be locked thereto by pin a' and in such position rotates the crank but when in
engagement with the circular hole as it rotates without rotating the crank.
is kept within such hole by the pin a which has been unsorewed sufficiently
to allow of the axle being engaged in the circular hole and it is then rescrewed
into its former position. Or as shewn at Fig. 2 I may have the end of the axle A
slotted as at a and the crank head with a slot or hole a part of which has a
tongue to take into the axle slot a² and thereby lock both together. The
axle may slide out of engagement with the tongue into the upper part of the
crank slot and be retained in that position by the pin as and when so retained
will not rotate with the axle. The pin a8 also passing into the axle channel a¹
retains the crank thereto.
It
Or as shown at Fig. 3 I may have a circular hole as in the crank slightly larger
than the axle end and have a lontitudinal or radial slot a to the outer face thereof
within this slot I pass a locking piece all pivotably securing it to the crank by
a pin passing through the hole . In this instance the axle A is shaped as
in Fig. 2 with a coincident slot a² and an annular channel a. When the crank
is on the axle this locking piece all engages with the slots in crank and axle and
is kept thereto by a pin preferably by the tightening up of the pin which takes
into the holes a¹
The pin may be of any shape, or construction eccentric or otherwise.
Or as in Fig. 4 there may be a loose axle ring a" in which the crank slides
longitudinally with an outer rigid lug a³ to which it is locked for riding by the
pin a passing into a hole a¹ in the head and thence into the lug.
The crank head has a slot a7 into which is passed a pin a5 which engages
with the ring a. I preferably secure the lug to the axle when not integral
therewith by a pin as passing from same through the axle. The inner part of
the crank head is cut away to receive the lug. If the pin a' be unscrewed
sufficiently to take its end out of connection with the lug, the crank may be
drawn outwardly sliding by means of the slot a" on the ring pin until its inner
part is clear of the lug and may remain in that position without rotating. The
ring lies loose on the axle, and cannot move outwardly because of the fixed
lug and cannot move inwardly when attached to the crank.
By Fig. 5 I show a further means in which the crank head a' has squared or
flatted hole and inner shoulder a¹ and pin hole a³.
The axle A is coincidently flatted towards its ends and has an annular channel
as in Fig. 1. The chain wheel as or equivalent which is loose on the axle has
a slot cut in its shoulder or boss. The crank shoulder 16 normally lies in this
slot and the axle end in the part of the crank slot.
If the pin 8 be sufficiently withdrawn the crank shoulder a¹ may be drawn
out of engagement with the slot a¹ it will then be found that the axle lies in the

page_text: lower part as of the crank slot. It may be kept there by the reinsertion of the
pin a, and the machine wheeled along without the cranks rotating.
Or the chain wheel may not be loose but by having the lower part of the
crank slot circular, as shown by the dotted lines, the axle may rotate without
rotating the cranks.
My second improvement refers to methods of clipping or retaining the pump
or other articles to the frame or tubes of a machine, and consists, mainly, of a
clip Fig. 6 such as may be secured to such frame, having duplicate flanges b¹,
to the side ends thereof, the article to be carried having thereto another such
clip B with single flanges 132, or a plate B₁, having such flanges B2 the latter
flanges being passed within the frame clip flanges 61, and retained therein either
by a screwpin, eccentric pin, or by the duplicate flanges being centrally or so
bent as shewn at 62 to either clip as to form a spring retainer.
In another method I form part of the body of a clip b, Fig. 7, preferably the
upper central part, flatted, or equivalently so shaped as to stand out from the
circularly shaped part as at band having a radial slot 63 or longtitudinal slit
or pocket thereto 64, and part of the body of the clip may be bent or slit to form
a spring lying towards the bed of the slot 63. The tongue 12 of a second
clip B, or plate B, engages into such pocket or slit band is retained by the
spring or other means, or the body of the clip may be shaped with a tongue
which may be formed out of a slotted part thereof and bent at an angle thereto,
and having therein holes or slots. A coincident clip or plate being formed with
a hooked or studded tongue to engage with the slots or holes in the other.
Fig. 8 shows one formation of this modification the clip b having the tongue B²
and slotted hole 65. Into this hole take the studded tongue 12 of the clip B.
These clips may be so shaped as to be interchangeable and attachable to either
the machine or the carried article and may be attachable thereto by bolting or
other means, or formed as spring clips.
My improvements in brakes are as follows. I have secured to one or both
sides of the wheel, or in one therewith, a disc, preferably having an annular flange
(on the back wheel the pinion or equivalent may be utilized). To a part of the
frame of the machine, such as the forks, or to the spindle, I have a tubular
case C, Figs. 9 and 10 screw threaded internally, within this I pass a threaded
pin, the inner end adapted to bear against one or more parts of the disc and the
outer end having radial arms or equivalents adapted to connect to a brake rod
or equivalent. Instead of the inner end bearing directly against the disc it may
bear against an intervening block. I may also have hinged or pivoted to the
tubular case, axle or frame, one or more short arms, one end adapted to press
against the annular flange and the other to be operated by the threaded pin,
and may also so arrange the parts that the pin may not come into contact with the
disc. I may have rollers or such like to any of the frictional parts, or face
such parts with rubber, leather or other material, and may duplicate the parts
so as to have two pins to equalize the pressure on the disc. The above construction
may also be reversed and the pin be a tubular one screwed to, and travelling upon
a hoft or equivalent.
To utilize the brake I have the pin arm connected in any usual manner, by
rods, cords, or equivalent means, to the handle bar, and operated from thence.
Such rods or cords having suitable angle pieces, rollers, or equivalents, as is
usual with back wheel brakes, when necessary. Tension on the rods, cords or
equivalents causing the pin arm to travel around, it may be, a quarter circle,
thereby causing the pin to turn and travel on its screw, so that its end bears
against the disc, or forces the block against same, the return to the normal
position being caused by springs, placed as may be necessary. Or any usual
form of air brake may be used, its block or equivalent bearing against the pin
arm 5.
By Fig. 9 I shew case C the upper part formed as a clip c which I bolt to
the frame close to the back wheel spindle as shewn. Into the hole c2 of this

page_text: case I screw the bolt, the point of which acts as a brake block. The arm c
is used as a lever, a brake rod being pivotally connected to its shoulders by
a pin e'.
By Fig. 10 I shew the tube and bolt arranged to the chain side, so that the
bolt end may bear against the outer side of the chain pinion c⁹.
A further improvement refers to the adjustment of bearings particularly those
of the crank spindle which I carry out as follows:-The cups in my bearings
may be locked faced or secured in any well known manner and the bearing
faces of the cones may face either inwardly or outwardly, but with an outward
shank which may be slotted or gapped forming teeth pinion-like, such a cone
is screwed to the axle or equivalent. The crank E Fig. 11 may have part of
its head cut away outwardly as at e the remaining part having a hole therein
in line with the axle. Through this hole I loosely pass a pin the inner end
of which carries a small pinion and the outward part a locking nut eor
other means of locking same as necessary against rotation. This crank pinion
gears with the toothed end of the cone e and when same is rotated it also rotates
the cone causing it to travel against or from the cups thereby adjusting the
pressure on the balls. Or as in Fig. 12 I may have the cone et loose upon the axle,
but screw threaded or wormed exteriorly and worked by coincident threads
upon the crank pinion. In this method the axle end e would be flatted and the
interior of the cone with flatted sides e and the pin or shoulder el of the pinion
be within the crank head pin hole as shown by the dotted lines, the wormed
inner end only projecting, and be rotatable by a key such as e engaging the
end thereof preferably by taking into a squared hole therein such as e
The pinion is locked against rotation by a screwpin e passing through the
crank head and against the pin e¹. Or as in Fig. 13 I may have the cone e to be
loosely keyed to the axle so as to slide thereon, and screw threaded exteriorly having
screwed thereto an internally threaded ring the exterior of which is toothed or
gapped to engage with the first mentioned pinion 2. I would have the cone
keyed to the axle by having thereto a pin, projection or key which would take
into a key way el in the axle e³.
I may dispense with the rotating pin and pinion and through a hole in the
frame or crank pass a key having a toothed or wormed shank adapted to engage
with and rotate the cone or cup collar the end of the key may also take into a
hole or projection in the bracket or equivalent to steady it when using for
adjustment.
By Fig. 14 1 show one means of so doing the cone being screwed to the
axle and having its outer end externally toothed a key e¹ having its end e
also wormed is passed into the hole e2 of the crank head until its toothed end
engages with the cone teeth.
By Fig. 15 I show a similar pin but with the points e3 which takes into the
small hole e7 in the lug e16 of the bottom bracket e¹ so as to steady the pinion
end when working against the toothed exterior of the cup collar es
The key e is passed through a hole in the crank head as shown by the dotted
lines until its pinion gears with the cup collar and its point lies in the
hole e and when then rotated it rotates the cup.
All the above methods may be modified or adapted for adjusting hub bearings.
The key being passed through a hole in a part of the frame or adjunct thereto.
A sixth improvement is in connection with a means of turning the pedal side
of the crank inwardly towards the machine so that the axle may be rotated with
or without rotating the crank. I swivel a ring or equivalent to the crank head
and pass it on the axle leaving it loose thereon. I then pass on the axle a lug
which I lock thereto in any usual manner, I provide means of locking the crank
to this lug at one or more parts thereof. Preferably I have the ring swivelled
to the inner side of the crank with a slotted hole to either.
is to the outside the outer side of the crank is engaged with the lug but when
When the pedal
the pedal is turned inwardly the outer part of the crank slides or passes out of

page_text: engagement with the lug and hangs loosely on the ring. The axle may be formed
at one end with the lug integral therewith.
One method as shewn by Fig. 16 is as follows:-I pass a loose ring F on
the axle the upper part F having a pin hole F" therein I then secure to outer side
of axle a lug f, preferably the axle end is flatted and the lug hole f coincidently
so, both being secured together by a pin fe passing through holes f. This pin
I prefer to have flush with both sides of the lug. The inner part of the crank
head is hollowed to receive the lug and the upper part 2 of the ring. The ring
and crank are pivotally connected together by a pin passing through a hole F
in the ring and through slotted hole f in the crank head When so pivoted
and the crank in operative position it is locked to the lug and axle by a pin
passing through the hole f3 in the crank head and into the lug on this pin being
withdrawn the crank can be reversed until its pedal is turned towards the frame
and in the event of being too near the bracket when so turned may be drawn out-
wardly as far as the slot will permit. When in this position it will not rotate
with the axle.
By Fig. 17 I shew a variation in which a narrower tread of axle can be used
the ring head F2 being cut away at the sides and bent outwardly over the lug f
and a hollow headed, crank f being used the pivotal pin passing through the
holes F&fin lug, and crank respectively. When in operative position the crank
is locked to the lug f by a pin such as f passing into holes f³. On this pin
being withdrawn the crank may be reversed.
I may still further modify reverse or vary these devices such as by having the
ring head forked to receive a shoulder on the crank or having a shoulder. to
one side of the ring and a coincident shoulder to the crank side.
My last improvement relates to a dust cap for valves of tyres or oiling holes
and consists of an exteriorly threaded ring which is secured upon a part of the
valve or to the oiling case which takes into the oil hole. Such ring has
swivelled thereto a semi circular or helmet shaped cap, the inner side of which
may have a pad such as of leather, or from the center of the inner side there may
be a spike to take into the valve or oil hole, in which case the cap may be.
slotted at the point of pivotal attachment, to the ring so as to slide thereon. Or
the cap may be similarly attached to a ring which is loosely secured to the first
mentioned ring.
Or there may be a spring or such like of rubber wire or metal
abutting against the loose ring or otherwise so placed as to keep such ring and
cap in normal position.
By Fig. 18 I show one method g being a ring which I screw on to the valve
stem g. This ring has two wings gl 2. I have a cap g one side of which is
adapted with hole g to have a pin passed therethrough into a hole in the ring
wing g pivotally attaching it thereto. The opposite part g is bent so as to be
caught, on pressure being applied against the bent ring wing g, or the ring
wing may be bent upwardly and inwardly and the cap part go be caught
against it.
The cap may be drawn or pushed out of connection with the ring part go and
thrown back on its pivotal part leaving the valve stem g³ clear.
By Fig. 19 I show the cap attached to a spring piece g. In this case the
ring has but one wing which has a hole therein. Into this is passed the end
of the spring piece which is then butted to retain it. The upper part or
head has a slots into which the head of the cap is forced. On the cap being
pulled upwardly or unscrewed from off the valve stem g the spring piece gives
with it, the cap head sliding on the slot 98 and when clear of the stem the spring
piece may be swung around away from the stem.
For adaption of these devices to oiling holes the ring would be screwed to the
case that usually takes into such hole, or might have a shank to screw into the
hole.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:----
1st. A pedal crank so attached, directly or indirectly, to its spindle, that it
may be slide or drawn out of rotatable connection with such axle or the chain
wheel or equivalent (more particularly by the means hereinbefore referred to
or described or illustrated)..
2nd. In cycles and such like vehicles means and methods hereinbefore referred
to or as described and illustrated of carrying or retaining articles (more particu-
lary as hereinbefore referred to or as described and illustrated or the like sub-
stantially).
3rd. In cycles or such like vehicles carrying clips or plates one of which is
adapted to take into and engage with slots grooves, holes, pins or suchlike in the
other of them and either of which may be attached to the articles carried on the
machine.
4th. In brakes for cycles and such like vehicles the means and methods herein-
before referred to, or as described, and illustrated, or the like substantially.
5th. In brakes for cycles and such like vehicles a brake block screwing into
or on to a case or bolt and adapted to be rotated till its point or block bears
against a disc on the wheel, (more particularly by the means referred to or as
described and illustrated).
6th. In cycles or such like vehicles the means and methods hereinbefore referred
to, or as described and illustrated of adjusting the bearings, or the like sub-
stantially.
7th. In cycles or such like vehicles adjusting bearings of cranks brackets and
hubs by means of a pinion ended key, passed through a hole in the crank or
frame of the machine and engaging with pinion, rings, or teeth, on the cone
or cup (more particularly by the means referred to or as described and illustrated).
8th. In cycles and such like vehicles means and methods hereinbefore referred
to, or described and illustrated, of so pivotally attaching and securing a crank
to its axle that it may be reversed and its pedal turned towards the frame or the
like substantially.
9th. In cycles and such like vehicles means and methods hereinbefore referred
to, or described and illustrated, of so pivotally attaching and securing a crank to
its axle that it may be reversed and its pedal turned towards the frame and be
free from rotation when the machine is wheeled along, or the like substantially.
10th. In cycles and such like vehicles means and methods hereinbefore referred
to or described and illustrated of covering a valve stem or oiling hole from ingress
of dust or the like substantially.
11th. In cycles and such like vehicles the various improvements hereinbefore
referred to or described and illustrated or the like substantially.
Dated tha 6th Octabon 1800
ARTHUR ELLIS,
Applicant.