Improvements in Vices and Movable Wrenches.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 29th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan.,
1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Vices and Movable Wrenches.
ARTHUR ERNEST JERRAM, 24 Craven Street Coventry, Engineer, FREDERIC
OLDERSHAW JERRAM 24 Craven Street Coventry Inventor do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
To obtain a rapid means of adjusting the jaws of screw vices & movable wrenches
worked on the screw or screw & thumb-nut principle.
We provide a nut or thumb-nut in which the internal screw has, one, two, or
more grooves channelled out to the full depth of the screw threads, & in a direction
parallel to the axis of rotation of the nut, & similarly the screw used to operate the
jaw of the vice or wrench, has one two or more grooves cut to the full depth of the
screw thread & in the direction parallel to the axis of the screw, so that they may
correspond to the portions of the screw thread that have not been removed from
the thumb-nut, or nut.
It is obvious that when the movable jaw is required to slide in either direction it
can readily be accomplished by turning either the screw, or the nut, so that the
grooves cut in the threads of the one are opposite to & in a line with the portions
of the screw threads left in the other; whilst by rotating the screw or nut so that
the portions of the screw thread in the nut & on the screw engage one another, the
movable jaw in the vice or wrench may be retained in any desired position.
For convenience of knowing exactly when the sliding jaw is fixed or movable a
number of notches corresponding to the number of channels in the screw or nut
may be cut in the periphery of the nut or end of the screw, & a spring with a
tooth, that fits into the notches, attached, any other suitable device may be used to
retain the screw or nut in position.
In vices or wrenches worked by means of a rotating screw a channelled screw
hole of any length may be made in the body of the vice or wrench to take the place
of a seperate nut.
Dated this 96th day of Sentember 1893
A. E. JERRAM.
F. O. JERRAM.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Vices and Movable Wrenches.
ARTHUR ERNEST JERRAM of 24 Craven Street Coventry Engineer and
FREDERIC OLDERSHAW JERRAM of 24 Craven Street Coventry Inventor do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement:-
The objects of this invention are mainly obtained by the use of a screwed nut or
nuts, in which the internal screw has one, two, or more channels or grooves
channelled cut to the full depth of the screw threads, in a direction parallel to the
axis of rotation of the nuts; and similarly the screw used to operate the jaws of the
vice or wrench has one, two, or more grooves or channels channelled out to the full
depth of the screw threads, and in a direction parallel to the axis of the screw so
that they may correspond to the portions of the screw threads that have not been
cut away in the nut or nuts.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the invention as applied to vices.
In Fig. 1 and 2. A is the base to which is attached a stationary jaw B. by means
of bolts b. b. C is the movable jaw, with a hollow rectangular shank, sliding on
the base A. and through the fixed jaw B. which has a rectangular opening of the
ordinary construction as shewn in cross section Fig. 2.
D. D in Fig. 1 aud D in Fig. 2 represent a channelled screw by which the
movable jaw C is adjusted, it is fixed in the centre of the hollow rectangular shank
of the movable jaw C in the usual manner by the collar d and nuts d', d¹.
The base A Fig. 1 has two projecting bosses, a, and a!, on its upper surface,
which project into the hollow of the shank of the sliding jaw C as shewn in Fig. 1. 1
one projecting boss a' is shewn in Fig. 2.
The screw D. D. passes through a channelled screw hole in the boss (a) and
through a plain hole in boss (a¹). A channelled nut E fits loosely between the
bosses a, and a¹, in such a manner that when the nut E is turned on the screw D.
as a centre, so as to bring the portions of the screw threads left in the nut opposite
to, and in a line with, the channels in the screwed hole of the boss (a) the face of
the nut E and the face of the boss (a) are in contact.
The nut E. is retained in its position by the small connecting rod F, and has the
necessary rotary movement communicated through it by the rocking lever G which
rocks on the stud J.
When using the vice the handle of the rocking lever G is pushed close to the
fixed jaw B of the vice, which movement brings the portion of the screw threads
left in the nut E in a line with the portion of the screw threads left in the boss (a).
The handle H of the screw D is then depressed to its lowest point bringing the
channels in the screw opposite to, and in a line with, the portions of the screw:
threads left in the boss (a) which thus permits the jaws of the vice to be instantly
opened or closed to any desired extent; the lever G is then pulled back and the
portion of the threads in the nut at once engages the portion of the threads left in
the channelled screw.
The handle H. can now be used to screw up, as in an ordinary vice, the screw
threads in the nut E being opposite to the channels in the screwed hole in the
boss (a), and the screw threads in boss (a) being opposite to the channels in the
nut E, it will be apparent that directly the threads on the channelled screw begin
in their revolution on their axis, to leave the portions of the screw threads left in
the nut E, they at the same time begin to engage the screw threads left in the
channelled hole in boss (a), thus being for practical purposes an unchannelled nut
and screw.
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent the principle as applied to a wrench.
Fig. 3. consists of a handle A of which the jaw (a) forms a portion, B is a
sliding jaw with a rectangular shank b, fitted into and sliding in a rectangular
opening in the handle A; on the shank at the opposite end to the jaw is fixed a
channelled screw E; at the end of screw E is fixed a collar or stop e. An opening
is made in and through the handle A. to allow for the insertion of two channelled
nuts C and D.
In Figs. 3, 4, and 7, D is a milled channelled thumb nut fitted with a projecting
stop d. In Fig. 1 the nut C is held in position by a shoulder and has at the
opposite end to the shoulder a portion of the nut removed equivalent to of the
circumference of the nut, plus the width of the stop d on the nut D, and to the same
depth as the length of the stop d on the nut D, see Fig. 6 and 7. At the end of
the nut Ca ratchet, c¹ Fig. 5 and 6, is fixed this ratchet is engaged by a pawl, c
Fig. 3, fastened to the handle of the wrench. The stop on the nut fits in the
gap in the nut C, in such a way as to allow of the rotation of the nut D for + of its
revolution before the stop d engages the nut C.
To operate the wrench the thumb nut D is turned as far back as the nut C and
its ratchet c¹ will allow, this movement brings the portions of the screw threads left
in the nuts C and D in a line with one another, and opposite to and in a line with,
the channels cut in the screw E, the sliding jaw can now be readily and quickly

page_text: adjusted to any point within the limits of the wrench; by turning the thumb-nut D
the threads left in the nut D engage the thread's left on the screw E. It will be
obvious that if the thumb nut D be further rotated, until the threads left in it are
opposite to and in a line with the channels in the nut C, the stop d will then engage
it and rotate the nut C thus as in the vice previously described practically acting
like an unchannelled nut.
Wrenches where a particularly fine adjustment is not required, and where a
continuous screw motion is not requisite, may be fitted with one channelled thumb
nut, either with or without a ratchet and pawl, the ratchet in this case allows of
the thumb nut to turn sufficiently back to allow the threads left in the nut to come
opposite to, and in a line with, the channels cut in the screw; in this form this
invention can be applied to all existing wrenches worked on the thumb nut and
screw principle. Similarly vices may be worked without the revolving nut, or
with one fixed grooved nut, in both these cases (i.e. in the wrench and vice) the
screw and nut should preferably be double or treble threaded.
Any convenient number of grooves may be cut in the screw and nuts of the
wrench, or in the screw, nut, and body of the vice, in our diagrams we have
illustrated, two grooves in the screw and nuts of the wrench, and three grooves in
the screw, nut, and body of the vice; but it must be understood, that in carrying
out this invention, we do not limit ourselves to one or any number of grooves.
The invention can be applied to any tools such as clamps, cramps, etcetra, where
a nut is used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed. we declare that what we
claim is
1. In a vice a grooved screw, with one, or any number of grooves, fitted to a
movable jaw with a collar and nuts, substantially as described.
2. In a vice a grooved screwed hole, in a boss on the base substantially as
described.
3. In a vice two projecting bosses, one fitted with a grooved screwed hole, and
the other having a plain circular hole, with an aperture between the two bosses
made to receive a grooved revolving nut, substantially as described.
4. In a vice a grooved nut made to fit into an opening between two bosses upon
the base or bed of the vice, substantially as described.
5. In a vice a grooved nut, in combination with a connecting rod and rocking
lever, substantially as described.
6. In a vice a grooved nut, made to turn upon a grooved screw, between two
bosses, on the base or bed of the vice, one of the bosses having a grooved screwed
hole and the other a plain circular hole substantially as described.
7. A vice comprising, in combination a channelled nut, a channelled screw, two
bosses, on the base of the vice, one of which has a channelled screwed hole, the
other a plain circular hole, a connecting rod and rocking lever to actuate the
revolving nut, substantially as described.
8. In a wrench a grooved nut, with one, or any number of grooves, substantially
as described.
9. In a wrench a grooved screw, with one, or any number of grooves, fitted to
the shank of a movable jaw, and provided with a collar, or stop, at the end farthest
from the shank, substantially as described.
10. A grooved nut having a shoulder at one end, substantially as described.
11. A grooved nut, having a shoulder at one end, and fitted with a ratchet and a
pawl substantially as described.
12. A grooved thumb nut, fitted with a ratchet and a pawl, substantially as
described.
13. A grooved nut, with a shoulder at one end, fitted with a ratchet and a pawl,
and having a certain portion of the face at the end opposite the shoulder cut away,
substantially as described.

page_text: 14. A grooved nut, with a shoulder at one end, fitted with a ratchet and pawl
and having a certain portion of the face opposite to the shoulder cut away, in
combination with a grooved thumb nut, which has a stop upon its face, made to
work freely in the portion cut away from the face of the nut previously described,
substantially as described.
15. A wrench, containing in combination, a grooved screw, with a collar or stop;
a grooved nut, with a shoulder, and fitted with a ratchet and a pawl, and having a
certain portion of one face cut away, a grooved thumb nut, fitted with a stop,
substantially as described.
Dated this 29th day of November 1893.
ARTHUR ERNEST JERRAM.
FREDERIC OLDERSHAW JERRAM.