Improvements in or connected with Internal Combustion Engines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 29th July, 1892-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Internal Combustion Engines.
We JAMES ROOTS Engineer and JOHN WILLIAM SEAL Model Maker of
Holborn Avenue 261 High Holborn London do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
--
It relates to a direct reciprocating action for opening the valve in internal
combustion engines once in every two revolutions. A worm wheel is placed
excentrically on the crank shaft, and gearing into this is a worm pinion fitted on
the loose or oscillating end of a spindle rod or lever which is pivoted at its other
end to the frame of the engine so that the rod and its pinion may have a recipro-
cating or oscillating movement while the pinion rotates on the rod. The pinion
has teeth of regular alternating depths, that is, the space between the teeth is
alternately deep and shallow. A spring attached to the spindle presses the worm
pinion against the worm or cam thread and a long reciprocating rod is also attached
to the pinion-spindle, the other end of which presses open the valve at the proper
time. The deep and shallow tooth depressions alternately come into action on the
worm, the shallow tooth space forces the spindle further from the worm thus
opening the valve. The relative number of valve openings to revolutions may be
obtained by making the requisite number of shallow grooves in proportion.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Internal Combustion Engines.
We JAMES ROOTS Engineer Holborn Place 261 High Holborn London and
JOHN WILLIAM SEAL Model Maker of Holborn Place 261 High Holborn London
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
It relates to the means of obtaining a reciprocating action for opening the valve
or valves in internal combustion engines. A worm wheel is placed excentrically on
the crank shaft, and gearing into this is a worm pinion, fitted on the loose end of a
spindle rod or lever, which is pivoted at its other end to the frame of the engine, so
that the rod and its pinion may have a reciprocating or oscillating movement while
the pinion rotates on the rod. The pinion has teeth of regular alternating depths,
that is, the space between the teeth is alternately deep and shallow. A spring
attached to the spindle presses the worm pinion against the worm and a long
reciprocating rod is also attached to the pinion spindle or lever, the other end of
which presses upon and opens the valve at the proper time. The deep and shallow
tooth depressions alternately come into action on the worm, the shallow tooth space
forces the pinion and spindle farther from the worm, thus opening the valve. The
relative number of valve openings to revolutions may be altered by making the
requisite number of deeps and shallows in the worm pinion.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the worm gear and lever.
Fig. 2 is a section of the worm and pinion.
Fig. 3 is a modification of the gear for operating two valves.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the worm for this purpose.
Fig
5 shows the lever for operating the valves by means of this gear.
L wwwm mbool bered
unon the crank shaft B of the

page_text: engine. The worm wheel A is fitted excentrically, a portion of the worm being
farther from the centre and of greater depth. C is the worm pinion, the spaces
between the teeth of which are of different depths alternately as shewn, it is fitted
on the pin D which forms part of the lever E. The lever E is pivoted on a stud
or pin which is fixed in the frame or bed of the engine.
The spring G retains the pinion C always pressing against the periphery of the
worm wheel A.
The side shaft H is pivoted on the pin I the other end of which
side shaft may be connected in a similar manner to another lever, not shown, such
as E, or may slide in a guide. On turning the crank shaft, the end of the side
rod H presses on the valve spindle end J, when the part K in the worm A is in
gear with one of the shallow spaces or depressions in the pinion C, thus opening the
valve, and in any other relative position of the worm and pinion the valve remains
closed.
The worm and pinion thus once in every two revolutions of the crank shaft open
the valve J. It will be seen that the pinion C on the lever E oscillates between
two positions, the one when it is forced by the worm to the greatest distance from
the crank shaft B during which the valve is widest open, and that when it is
returned by the spring G to the nearest point to the crank shaft during which the
valve is closed. It will be obvious that by having two deep spaces in the worm
pinion C, to one shallow, that the valve will be opened once in three revolutions
instead of in two revolutions of the crank shaft; and if there be two shallow spaces
to one deep in the pinion C, the valve J will be opened twice in three revolutions
of the shaft B, when the shallows gear with the farthest or cam part K of the
worm A.
In Figs. 3 4 and 5 the worm and pinion are arranged to open the two valves,
admission and exhaust, by a modification of the worm A and pinion C. In this
arrangement instead of as in the former having two positions between which the
pinion by the action of the cam worm oscillates, there are three positions determined
by the depth or excentricity of the worm A and the length or depth of the worm
pinion teeth, the farthest from the crank shaft the nearest and an intermediate
position between the two. The side shaft H being connected to the lever which
carries the pinion C in a similar manner to that shown in Fig. 1 and the lever L
having a fulcrum pin or pivot M the lever L is oscillated by the pinion C through
the side rod H, which alternately opens and permits to close the two valves, the
spindle ends of which are shewn at J and n. At the farthest position the valve J
is open and N closed, at the intermediate position both valves are closed, and at the
nearest position of C to the crank shaft, N is open, and J closed. A third valve
for gas or petroleum might be operated by the same lever L. It is evident in
either arrangement that instead of the lever E being used the pinion C may be
fitted to a sliding block reciprocating within a guide and which is also provided
with a spring for keeping C pressed against the worm A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim, is
1. A worm such as herein described and shown fitted to a shaft in an internal
combustion engine for operating the valve or valves.
2. An oscillating or reciprocating pinion such as herein described and shown.
3. The combination of an excentric or cam worm with an oscillating or
reciprocating pinion for the purpose described.
4. The construction and arrangement described and shown in Figs. 3 4 and 5 for
operating two or more valves.
Dated July 29th 1892