matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BONNET SHAPES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
April 1868.
I, ALEXANDER MARTIN, of Middle Street, Cloth Fair, in the County of
Middlesex, Bonnet Shape Mannufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BONNET SHAPES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in bonnet shapes or foundations
consists in the employment of figured muslin, cotton lace, or other
open figured cotton fabric in the manufacture or ornamentation of
the said bonnet shapes or foundations in lieu of the net or buckram
now used. By covering the wire frame of the shape in this manner
with an ornamental figured material of the nature above mentioned it
will be considerably enhanced in appearance, and answer a two-fold
purpose, as when completed the shape so covered with an ornamental
fabric may either be worn as a honnet by the addition of trimmings

page_text: of any kind, the pattern of the muslin or other open cotton fabric of
which the shape is composed being left more or less exposed to form
part of the design of the bonnet and complete the ornamentation, or the
shape may be entirely covered by the trimming in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS.IN. THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dinham Chard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1868.
I, HENRY DINHAM CHARD, of Feniton, in the County of Devon,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS.IN. THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is- to facilitate the erection of plain and:
ornamental buildings, and to give them (without employing skilled.
labour on the works) the appearance of stone structures. To this end.
I first cast in Portland cement, or other material impervious to moisture.
or capable of being made to resist moisture, plain or ornamental, slabs.
which are intended to form, the internal and external faces of the walls..
These slabs, or rather those to. be applied. to the outside of the building...
I so proportion that they will fit together and present the appearance
when in place of blocks. of stone. The slabs. I propose to cast, say, 1
inches. in thickness (more or less), and I insert in the castings while soft.
pieces of wire or slotted: hoop, iron, so that the same may project from
the back of the slabs near the edges and form ties for the adjoining.
slabs. The external corner slabs I form by joining in the mould

page_text: two slabs at right angles to each other, or by casting in an angular
mould. In employing these slabs I set them on edge upon a concrete
foundation prepared in the usual way, and place the inner and outer
slabs at any desired distance apart, to be determined by the thickness
of wall required; I then secure the adjoining slabs together by twisting
into each other the wires of the adjoining slabs, or keying together
the hoop iron strips of the adjoining slabs. By preference I prefer to
give the edges of the slabs an interlocking section, as that will facilitate
the building of them up in a vertical plane. Having made a kind of
trough by setting up a double line of slabs I fill in the space between
the inner and outer line with well mixed concrete, and when this is
set I apply above these another row of slabs, taking care that the
slabs break joint like ordinary stonework, and I then repeat the
filling-in operation. By this means I am enabled without the use of
moulding boards to erect concrete houses of any desired dimensions
and to finish the work as I proceed, and that with little or no skilled
labour in the erecting of the walls. When, however, it is not intended
to give an ornamental inner surface to the walls mould boards may
be used instead of the inner slabs, and the concrete may be afterwards
faced by cement as usual. The chimney flues are formed by casting
pieces of any convenient length and with concave, recesses. therein, so
that when two or more are joined together and placed in the wall
and the concrete run round them they will form internally whatever
shaped flue may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAGES, BASKETS, GUARDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WIREWORK
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mohr and Samuel
Edmonds Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th August 1868.
We, CHARLES MOHR and SAMUEL EDMONDS SMITH, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAGES,
BASKETS, GUARDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WIREWORK," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention consists in connecting and securing the wires of which
articles of the descriptions above named in wirework are or may be
formed by casting upon such wires, bars, bands, or other connecting
pieces instead of passing the wires through sheet metal or lacing them
together. For this purpose we employ moulds of any suitable description,
in or across which the wires are laid, and the molten metal to form the
bar or other connection is then run into the mould upon and around
the wires, thus securing the wires within the casting, and by employing
enriched moulds any ornamental device may be produced upon the
casting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING HEAT BY COMBUSTION OF FUELS AND CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
July 1868.
I, JOHN LEWIS, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING HEAT BY COMBUSTION OF FUELS
AND CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in procuring oxygen gas from any oxygeneous
compound by passing a current of steam through a retort charged with
such compound, and thence by pipes through or under a fire or hot-air
chamber, thence to the bridge of a furnace or at the back of any fire
where a volume of unconsumed carbon has to pass, such oxygen gas
being superheated on its passage, that by the time it arives at its
destination it is highly inflamable, that on meeting the evolved volume
of carbon combustion takes place and a perfect smoke consumer formed.
In furnaces where highly charged carbonaceous fuel is used I in addition
to the before-mentioned arrangement introduce a jet or jets of such
superheated oxygen gas underneath the fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DYEING TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th August 1868. A communication from César Corron,
residing at St. Etienne, in the Empire of France, Dyer.
-
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, and
18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF DYEING TEXTILE MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THERE WITH, a communication from César Corron, a person resident at
St. Etienne, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, Dyer, to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to the use of sucking and
forcing pumps in lieu of hand labour in order to perform the various
operations preliminary to the dyeing, the dyeing process itself, and the
drying of the silk, cotton, wool, and other textile materials. To that
effect one or several troughs are used containing the liquids to be used
in these different operations, and a special trough is used, in which is
suspended the textile material to be treated. This trough is furnished
with a false perforated bottom and its hollow lid, the bottom of which is

page_text: also perforated, and which is itself closed with a lid furnished with two
air taps. This hollow lid and the trough below its false bottom are put
into communication by means of pipes with the other troughs, and
according to the nature of the operation to be effected the liquid of one
of the troughs is sucked by a pump and forced into the hollow lid,
whence it flows upon the materials, with which it is allowed to remain
or put into contact over again; then it flows through the perforations in
the false bottom, and is sucked up by the lower pipes by means of the
same or another pump, and forced into the troughs from whence it was
sucked. To operate the drying the air taps are opened, and by means
of a pneumatic machine the liquid remaining in the materials is sucked
by establishing a draught of air by conduits ending under the perforated
bottom, which are open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Paton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1868.
I, GEORGE PATON, of Kilbirnie, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which has for its object certain improvements in
looms consists essentially of an improved mode or manner of working
the heddles or healds by means of rods and levers. This is effected.
by placing a crank on the end of the first motion shaft to which are
attached jointed levers or rods actuating a cross lever having its fulcrum
supported on the framing of the loom or otherwise. To the end of
the cross lever which is above the loom and which may be described
as the "acting end" two rods or levers are attached. The rod which
is placed at the end of the cross lever works vertically, and is formed
at the upper end into a bracket in which a polygonal drum is carried
on which "cards" or a pattern chain are placed suitable for the work
to be produced and the number of heddles or healds to be used. On
the end of the spindle of the polygonal drum a ratchet wheel is fitted,
against which a pall is pressed by a spring so that every time the

page_text: lever on which the drum is carried descends the ratchet is turned
round the space of one tooth and another card or link of the chain
is carried round by the drum and the rotative positions of the heddles
or healds are changed accordingly. The other lever herein-before
mentioned is also jointed to the same cross lever at the "acting end,"
but nearer to its fulcrum, and actuates another cross lever which
lifts a bar by which the rods to which the heddles or healds are attached
and elevated. These rods slide vertically in guides, and by means of
the compound action of the levers the rods to which the heddles or
healds. are attached are elevated at the same time that the drum on
which the cards or chain is placed is depressed and thereby turned
round a space of one tooth, as herein-before described, bringing round
a different card,, so that when the rods to which the heddles or healds
are attached descends any number of them are or may be supported
upon the cards while the remaining rods are allowed to descend by
passing through the holes punched in the cards.
By this means a self-acting "shedding" motion is produced and.
any number of heddles or healds may be used to produce variations
in the colour and figure of the cloth..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hartshorn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1868.
I, JAMES HARTSHORN, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN
TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of lace in twist lace machines. In the manufacture of the ground-
work of the fabric I use a double warp, that is, two warp threads to
each bobbin thread, and these two warp threads are together equal
in thickness to each bobbin thread or thereabout, so that one side of
the mesh is formed with two fine warp threads and the other by the
single bobbin thread and the two warp threads work to form one pillar
by traversing from one bobbin thread to the adjacent bobbin thread,
and being in two separate guide or stump bars they act independently
when forming the tie and twist or plait giving strength to the fabric,
the net produced in this way is double the gauge of the machine.
When it is desired to produce finings on ground net so manufactured,
that is to say, to obtain at intervals the appearance of a still finer

page_text: meshing two fine warp threads working as one are each looped with
two adjacent bobbin threads making a half turn with each, and at
the same time an additional warp thread is traversed to and fro across
the fining. In this way a fining of great beauty and regularity is
obtained, or the fine warp threads may twist with the bobbin threads
in making the fining. In producing a cloth work or weaving at
intervals in the ground net manufactured in the way above described,
the longitudinal threads of the weaving are formed alternately of one
thick bobbin thread and two thin warp threads, and the transverse
threads of the weaving are extra or additional warp threads which form
a weft to the longitudinal threads, the weaving produced by the above
means is of great evenness of texture. I also employ other extra
warp threads of various thicknesses for the embroidering and orna-
mentation of the lace, and these threads are passed through guide or
perforated bars and are operated upon by means of the jacquard
according to the design. In place of the thick bobbin threads above
described a thin bobbin thread may be used and an additional thin
warp thread may constantly accompany it to equalize the thickness,
but this arrangement is not, I believe, an advantageous variation.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SUPPORTS FOR FIRE-IRONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pemberton and Thomas
Hughes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th April 1868.
We, THOMAS PEMBERTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brass Founder, and THOMAS HUGHES, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Brass
Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SUPPORTS FOR FIRE-IRONS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
supports for fire-irons, by which improvements the fire irons are
suspended or hung vertically near the fire-place and can readily be taken
hold of and removed for use without stooping. The inconvenience
arising from the projecting of fire-irons from the fender in the ordinary
method of supporting them is also got rid of. We make a single or
double forked piece of metal and fix the said forked piece in a horizontal
plane at the top of a vertical rod or standard of somewhat greater length
than the fire-irons. This standard may either be fixed to a tripod
or other foot, or its lower end may engage in a socket fixed to the fender
or to the floor; or the standard may be fixed to the fender; or the
standard may be dispensed with and the forked piece be fixed at the

page_text: required height in the wall or the chimney piece or fire-place. The
forks may either be situated in a plane exactly horizontal, or the open
ends of the forks may be slightly higher than the other ends. By
inserting the upper part of the fire-iron into one of the forks the head
or a shoulder on the fire-iron rests on the upper side of the fork, and 5
the said fire-iron is thus suspended. The fire-iron is introduced into
or removed from the fork by a sliding motion. By inclining the forks
in the manner described the fire-iron if introduced carelessly into the
fork slides by its own weight on to a safe position..
IMPROVED PORTABLE HYDROTHERAPIC APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Pelard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1808.
I, AUGUSTE PELARD, of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED PORTABLE HYDROTHERAPIC APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
This apparatus, intended for administering simultaneously
separately circular and descending douches or shower baths in private
houses, is composed of a basin or tank placed at its lower part, and in
which the water is placed of a high-pressure pump, say, on the
"Japy" system, which sucks the water from the basin by a copper
pipe, and forces it by another pipe, also of copper, into a sphere or
air ball placed at the summit of the apparatus; at the lower part of
this sphere there is a union pipe on which may be secured either a
rose for administering perpendicular douches in rain, an india-rubber
tube furnished at its other end with a "lance" or single jet to
administer "lance" douches, or, lastly, a stopper, also of copper, when
it is desired to shut off the water from the rose and lance. On this

page_text: same sphere is soldered or brazed another copper tube in the shape
of a ring pierced with an infinity of small holes, and so arranged that
all the jets converge to the centre of the apparatus, that is to say,
all round the body of the person placed in the apparatus. A cock
placed on the circular tube serves to shut off the water from it when
it is desired not to use circular douches, but only perpendicular ones
issuing from the shower rose or from the "lance" or single jet. Two
iron rods set at their lower ends in sockets or sheaths made in the
basin serve to uphold the sphere or air ball, which has the effect of
rendering the jets continuous; the ring with small holes for administering
the circular douches is adapted to these same rods by means of copper
fastenings keyed, so that this part of the apparatus as well as all the
other parts may be easily taken to pieces. A cock placed on the
suction pipe serves by the aid of the pump to empty the basin when the
operation is ended. A curtain supported by an iron ring fixed to
the two above-mentioned rods prevents the water splashing into the
room while the bath is being taken; the lower end of this curtain is
hooked on to the basin.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MOWING AND REAPING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Foden at the. Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1868.
I, EDWIN FODEN, of Sandbach, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MOWING AND REAPING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the description of mowing and reaping
machines wherein angular knives are attached to a bar having a lateral
reciprocating motion, and is designed to dispense with such reciprocating
motion and to substitute a continuous progressive movement of the
knives or cutters.
The improvements consist in the novel application, employment, and
use of an endless chain, flexible plate, or band passing round two-
pulleys or wheels, one at cach side of the front of the machine, to which
chain or band such angular knives as are ordinarily used for the purpose
are attached, and as the pulleys or wheels are caused to rotate (by means
of gearing from the driving wheels or other prime mover) the endless
chain of cutters progresses with a continuous motion in onc direction,

page_text: and the cutters act against the ordinary teeth or fork which enter and
divide the stems to be cut. Or two rows or series of chains and cutters
may be arranged one above the other and similarly actuated, but moving
in opposite directions, to effect the cutting action instead of the stationary
fork and reciprocating moving cutters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF. BREWERS' FININGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Beanes at the Office
of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th.
August 1868..
I, EDWARD BEANES, of Cordwalles, near Maidenhead, in the County-
of Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF. BREWERS' FININGS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of brewers' finings consist in
neutralizing solutions of isinglass in caustic: alkalies by means of an
acid sulphite or bi-sulphite of the base used for making the solution
so as to render it available for use as brewers' finings..
To isinglass cut up fine, and such as is generally used for making:
brewers' finings, I add gradually a weak. solution of caustic alkali;
preferring soda; in the course of two or three days with occasional
stirring, it becomes dissolved, I then add to it bi-sulphite or an acid
sulphite of soda (supposing caustic soda to have been used in dis-
solving the isinglass) until the excess of alkali be neutralized, preferring
to leave it rather on the acid than on the alkaline side.
Ar IMPROVED METHOD OF HEATING PRESS PLATES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th December
1868.
I, JOHN MILL, of Southampton, in the County of Hampshire, Steam
Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ar
IMPROVED METHOD OF HEATING PRESS PLATES," to be as follows (that is to
say) :-
My Invention has reference to an improved method of heating press
plates for the ordinary dyers' screw presses for hot pressing cloth, linen,
or other fabrics whereby the loss of time and inconvenience in removing
the plates from the press and heating them in ovens (as at present) is
obviated, and consists in employing in connection with the said screw
press an apparatus of rectangular form composed of perforated tubes or
passages (supplied with gas through the medium of a flexible pipe or
otherwise) of corresponding suitable dimensions to the plates to be made
hot, which are also enclosed within a rim or outer case for the purpose of
concentrating or confining the heat from the lighted jets of gas more
effectually to the plates placed horizontally in sets immediately above

page_text: the same so as to admit of the apparatus being readily removed on
the plates being sufficiently heated for the operation of pressing to be
formed in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INSULATORS FOR TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Greener at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY GREENER, of John Street, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INSULATORS FOR
TELEGRAPH WIRES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto insulators for telegraph wires when suspended in the air
have been constructed of porcelain, or other non-conducting material,
and have, from their fragile nature, been costly on account of the
number of breakages which occur. The present Invention consists in
the construction of insulators composed of iron coated with an enamel
of a non-conducting character, by preference that manufactured in
accordance with the Invention of Camille, Baroness de Lavenant, for
which Letters Patent were granted to Richard Archibald Brooman as
her agent, bearing date the Second day of July 1863, No. 1646. By
the use of such enamel or coating the iron is rendered absolutely

page_text: non-conducting. The insulators thus constructed possess great strength,
and are not liable to fracture, whilst at the same time the necessity for
separate metallic hoods such as have been usually employed in
connection with insulators is entirely avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Catlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1868.
I, CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved mechanism for "letting off" the
warp as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
William Ward, A.D. 1855, No. 2708. Near one or both ends of the
vibrator I place a loose boss having three arms thereon; to the outer
arm is attached a link and weight, to the inner arm is attached by a
screwed or chased rod and nut a chain, which from thence is passed
round the neck of the warp beam and to a stud fixed to the framing of
the loom. The centre or third arm is operated upon by the upper rod
of the vibrator. When the slay is "beating up" the weft the beam
is firm and stationary; when the shed is being formed the upper rod
of the vibrator acts on the centre arm moving the boss and arms
thereon, so that the weight on the first or outer arm is raised and the
second or inner arm is depressed, and thus removes the strain or drag

page_text: on the chain around the neck of the warp beam and admits of the
delivery of yarn from the beam. On the vibrator is a second boss to
which the shedding lever is jointed, on which lever is a notch for the
reception of a catch which increases stability during beating up, and
the said catch can readily be raised so as to "take back." Or I let
off the warp by means of a disc, the periphery of which is roughed or
corrugated; above the diso is a lever working on a stud attached to the
frame; on this lever are two "finger breaks;" to the other end of the
lever and to the vibrator is attached a link. The tension of the warp
on the vibrator raises the lever and finger breaks alternately; near the
end of the said lever is a link and spring attached to a bracket. Or I
apply a clip to the neck of the beam having an upright arm thereon
which supports the vibrator; to one side of the clip is attached a
link and weight, to the other side is attached the weight chain. The
strain of the work on the vibrator causes the clip and arm to move on
the neck and release the warp. To the vibrator is attached a rod
passing through the weight lever; on the lower end of this rod is a
spiral spring and wing nut so as to adjust or regulate the movement
of the vibrator, or the said spring may be on the rod over the
vibrator
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Bates and William
Redgate at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd October 1868.
We, STEPHEN BATES, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, and WILLIAM REDGATE, of Radford,
in the County of Nottingham, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows :-
Our Invention relates to a method of making or manufacturing a
new or improved ground or net, mainly for what are called imitation
or blond laces, in conjunction with finings, weavings, and thick threads.
At the present time there are several methods for making the ground
or net on bobbin net or twist lace machines in imitation of blond laces.
For instance, it is made with an equal number of warp threads and
bobbin threads, the pillar being composed of one warp thread and one
bobbin thread, and the crossings or closing of the hole with one pair
of warp threads, but in such case the warp threads have to be traversed
wholly or in part across the breadth of lace. It is also made with an
equal number of warp threads and bobbin threads, the pillar being
formed of two, warp threads and two bobbin threads, and the crossings

page_text: or closing of the hole with two pairs of warp threads, but in that case
also the warp threads must be traversed wholly or in part across the
breadth of lace. Another method is by means of a double warp thread
or of two warp threads to one bobbin thread, the pillar being composed
of two warp threads and one bobbin thread, and the crossings or closing
of the hole with one pair of warp threads.
Now our invention consists in making on bobbin net or twist lace
machines what is commonly known and understood in the lace trade
as a straight down net, that is to say, making net in which the pair
of warp threads that form the crossings or closing of the hole of net
shall merely pass from one pair of bobbin threads to the next or
immediately neighbouring pair of bobbin threads, and after twisting down
the side of the hole of the ground or net they will return back to their
original pair of bobbin threads, and will then twist down the other side of
the hole of net by means of a single warp thread, or of one warp thread
to each bobbin thread.
The peculiar novelty of this invention consists in making the pillar
of the ground or net with two warp threads and two bobbin threads,
while the crossings or closing of the hole is composed of a single pair
of warp threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Crossley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1868.
I, JAMES CROSSLEY, Manager to "The Heckmondwike Iron Works
Company, Limited," at Heckmondwike, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to means or apparatus for working or
operating the change shuttle boxes employed in looms for weaving,.
and the improvements consist in a new combination and arrangement
of mechanism or apparatus for that purpose, whereby such operations.
or changes are more certain, the apparatus simplified, and of less cost.
than heretofore.
An ordinary tappet or cam is fixed on each end of the crank shaft,
each of which tappets will actuate a lever hinged to the loom end
when a friction roller placed therein capable of lateral motion or endwise
of its axis is placed in suitable position for that purpose. These levers.
are connected by rods and other levers with the change shuttle boxes,
so that any motion given to the levers will be communicated to the

page_text: boxes. The friction rollers are connected to or are capable of being
actuated through a combination of levers and rods by jacquard or other
indicating apparatus. A tappet is fixed on the jacquard shaft which
operates the said levers and rods to place one or other of the rollers out
of position with the box tappets, and spring catches are applied to
hold them so until liberated by the action of the jacquard or other
indicating apparatus which actuates or moves the said rollers into
position for contact with the noses of the tappets as and when required.
Spring catch levers are also applied to hold the boxes in suitable
position for picking the shuttles therefrom which are actuated by the
jacquard or indicating apparatus simultaneously with the other
operations.
AN IMPROVED PULLEY BLOCK
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dawes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1868.
I, WILLIAM DAWES, of Blenheim Place, and Kingston Grove, Leeds,
in the County of York, Engineer and Organ and Harmonium Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PULLEY BLOCK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a novel and simplified differential or
multiplying pulley block," especially suitable for "hand use" or those
purposes where the "winch" or "crab" is not employed; it differs from
other or previous Inventions of the kind in that the differential
movement for multiplying or increasing the power or lifting capabilities
of the block is not obtained by the number or sizes of the pulley nor
by internal "racks" and "pinions," but by the use of the well known
tangent screws movement, and which I prefer to employ upon the
outer edge or edges of the "fall chain" pulley (in the present case the
"hand chain" pulley), which pulley I place by preference over the top
of and at "right angles" to the "main chain" pulley so that the
"worm" or "worms" (screws) upon its edges shall "take" or "gear"
"

page_text: into teeth upon the outer edge or edges of the "main chain" pulley,
and thus I obtain the amount of increase or multiplication and power
required, although I in some cases employ in the larger sizes of my
improved block a pair of straight gear wheels in addition to the fore-
going.
In some cases I also arrange the larger sizes of my improved block
in such a manner that the "hand" or "fall chain" and its pulley or
two or more of them can be placed at some distance from the "main
chain" and pulley for the purpose of giving greater convenience and
safety to the operator or operators and to obtain greater power than
heretofore. In this case the "centre pin" of the worm or screw wheel
should be fixed into the wheel and squared or otherwise formed to
receive one end of a coupling shaft, the hand chain pulley or pulleys as
above being fixed at or near the other end of this shaft which must be
supported after the manner of the main chain pulley and block by a
second hook, loop, or other support, and the coupling shaft may be jointed
to prevent strain. These additions of the larger sizes of my improved
block render it a simple, powerful, effective, and portable lifting or
hoisting machine. The grooves for the chains in both the "hand chain"
and the "main chain" pulleys may be notched or recessed in the usual
manner to prevent slipping, and the general form and construction and
arrangement of my "climax block" are not arbitrary as they may be
varied or modified into many forms or arrangements without deviating
from the principle of my Invention."
IMPROVED SPRING STUFFING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob William Wilson at. the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1868.
JACOB WILLIAM WILSON, of No. 18, Wigmore Street, Cavendish
Square, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED SPRING STUFFING," to be as follows:-
The usual spring stuffing being single rows of springs arranged on the
level with each other, this Invention is double rows of springs arranged
exactly over each other with canvas or any other material between
the rows of springs, & attached together with cord, or straps, or wire, or
any other strong material, for sofas, couches, ottomans, chairs, mattrasses,
carriages, & railway seats of any description, also backs.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR MAKING STOVES FOR COOKING AND HEATING PURPOSES BY GAS AND OTHER MEANS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joseph Parkes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1868.
I, JOHN JOSEPH PARKES, of 17, London Street, Paddington, in the
County of Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS FOR MAKING STOVES FOR COOKING AND
HEATING PURPOSES BY GAS AND OTHER MEANS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of gas or other heating stoves
for the use of baking and frying, likewise boiling purposes, consist of
a cylinder of wrought galvanized iron which contains a compartment
for the reception of dishes for baking and frying, likewise a kettle
can be used at the same time for boiling water, soups, or other
compounds used as food.
The appliance of heat is conducted beneath, around, and above the
compartment for baking or frying, and thence beneath and around
the kettle used for boiling liquids or other substances, to which the
accompanying Drawing has reference, shewing the manner to which
the heat is conveyed through one chamber to the other.

page_text: Fig. 1, elevation; Fig. 2, plan. A, stove; B, B, heating chambers;
C, compartment for baking and frying; D, kettle for boiling.
My improved stoves combine usefulness, cleanliness, great economy
in cooking, warming, and heating rooms and buildings where space is
limited.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Butterworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
December 1868.
I, ELLIS BUTTERWORTH, of Calder Cottage, near Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO FURNACES,"
follows:-
to be as
This Invention consists, firstly, in forming one or more holes in the
furnace door, to which is applied a valve or valves or shutters, which
are opened when the furnace door is opened or closed, and are closed by
a spring weight or the specific gravity of the valves or shutters, this
closing being regulated by a pendulum or other escapement, or other
apparatus attached to the furnace door. By this means the quantity of
air admitted into the furnace to consume the smoke can be regulated and
cut off.
Secondly, in assisting the draft when required by means of a jet or
jets of steam which are blown through holes, tubes, ash-pit, or grate bars
into the furnace or into the flue behind the furnace, which jets are

page_text: turned on by the furnace door opening or closing, and are turned off
by a spring or other means, regulated by an escapement or other
apparatus.
Thirdly, in assisting the draft by opening the damper when the
furnace door is opened or closed, and closing the same as far as required
when the smoke is consumed by a spring or other means regulated by
an escapement or other apparatus.
AN IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Roper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1868.-A communication from abroad by Alfred Roper,
residing at Hong Kong, in the Empire of China.
I, GEORGE ROPER, of Bank House, Aylsham, in the County of
Norfolk, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER," to be as follows:-
The improvement which constitutes this Invention consists of a
propeller formed of screw blades mounted upon a shaft, one or more
sets of such blades being fixed abaft and the other set or sets before
the rudder and stern post. The object of this multiple arrangement
being to increase the propelling power of the screw and improve the
steering qualities of the rudder.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING AND PRESERVING ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES IN A HIGHLY CONCENTRATED FORM
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by 'John Somervell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1868.
I, JOHN SOMERVELL, of Kendal, in the County of Westmoreland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF OBTAINING AND PRESERVING ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES IN A HIGHLY
CONCENTRATED FORM," to be as follows:-
I propose to obtain nutritive food in a highly concentrated form by
an admixture of gelatine with essences or extracts of fish, flesh, fowl,
or other alimentary substances.
To effect my purpose I take the purest gelatine I can make and
dissolve it by heat; I then add a very strong extract or essence of beef,
mutton, fowl, turtle, or other nutritious aliment, varying the relative
proportion of essence or extract and gelatine, and adding salt, pepper,
or other seasoning or flavouring condiment to suit particular tastes
and circumstances; I then evaporate the mixture to the required
strength, and thus obtain it without danger of giving the burnt
flavour to which meat extracts uncombined with gelatine are liable..

page_text: The alimentary product thus obtained (which I propose to term
"Kendal Gelatine Meat Extract") may be used either in solution as a
jelly, by allowing the solution to cool, or undiluted in the desiccated
state in which it is left after the evaporation, when it may be sucked
as a lozenge.
AN IMPROVED TOP BAR FOR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Rowbotham and
Charles Ezard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th October 1868.
We, RICHARD ROWBOTHAM, of Beswick, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, and CHARLES EZARD, of the same
Place, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED TOP BAR FOR FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
In top bars as hitherto made the claws by which they are secured to
the bars of the fire-place have always been made in one piece with the
other part. This gives rise to considerable inconvenience as it often
happens that the claws on the top bar do not properly fit the bars of
the fire-place, and so the top bar will hang at an angle instead of being
horizontal, and as there is no means of remedying the fault a new top
bar must be obtained, and even then there is often a great difficulty in
getting one that will fit properly.
Our improvement consists in so arranging the top bar that it may
very simply be made to fit accurately to any size of fire-bar. This we

page_text: accomplish by making the claw or claws on one side loose so that they
may be moved nearer to or further from the others, as the case may
require, and when properly adjusted the loose claw or claws may be
fixed in their proper position by means of a screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAPES OR STRONG BOXES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wailes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
March 1868.
I, GEORGE WAILES, of Stroud, in the County of Gloucester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAPES OR STRONG BOXES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of safes or strong
boxes made of iron, steel, or other suitable metal, whereby the strength
of such safes is increased and their cost of production diminished,
inasmuch as all rivetting is dispensed with.
According to my Invention I weld together the edges of the plates
constituting the safe at the angles in lieu of uniting them by rivets
or by running metals or alloys between the joints, as heretofore, whereby
I obtain an entirely homogeneous safe consisting only of two parts,
namely, the case and the door.
Of course any desired internal fittings may be added to the main body
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Conybeare at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1868.
I, HENRY CONYBEARE, of 20, Duke Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of rails for railways so as to
render their surfaces harder than those at present usually employed, and
consists in chilling the surface of the rails by placing the same, after
coming from the rolling mill, so that water may be brought in contact
with the whole or the upper portion only of the rail. Arrangements may
be made for the purpose of keeping the rail in proper shape and position
whilst under treatment.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING BUILDINGS OR APARTMENTS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Lane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th March 1868.
I, JOHN EDWARD LANE, of Great Berkhampstead, in the County of
Herts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING BUILDINGS OR APARTMENTS,
AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to improvements in hot water apparatus for
heating or warming churches and other buildings or apartments, green-
houses, and other similar purposes.
The apparatus is composed of a scries of oblong water chambers
disposed horizontally one above another with flue spaces between,
through which the smoke and products of combustion pass for imparting
the heat desired. The chambers which communicate with the water
circulation pipes may be more or less in number, for instance, where
space is an object I may in order to obtain the whole available heat
dispose six, seven, or more chambers one above the other, or where the
height is limited I may use two, three, or four chambers only and make
them of greater length and width. I dispose the furnace underneath

page_text: the water chambers so that the heat may be applied direct to the under
surface of the boiler, whereby a largely increased heating surface is
obtained. The smoke and flame pass first under the lower chamber
placed immediately over the furnace, and then between it and the next
one above, and so on through all the intervening spaces between the
horizontal chambers in succession by means of return flues at each end
thereof,, until it reaches the chimney..
In order to avoid loss of heat by radiation at top and sides of the
apparatus I enclose it in some suitable non-conducting substance, so
that the heat may not be absorbed by the surrounding brickwork or
setting. The top of the boiler may either be made of circular form
or flat, while its size varies according to the number of pipes to be
heated..
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING DREDGERS OR MACHINERY FOR LOOSENING, RAISING, TRANSPORTING, AND DEPOSITING SAND, GRAVEL, AND MUD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Burt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1868.-A communication from abroad by James Burt,
of Velson, North Holland.
I, THOMAS BURT, of Wandsworth Road, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING DREDGERS OR MACHINERY FOR LOOSENING, RAISING,
TRANSPORTING, AND DEPOSITING SAND, GRAVEL, AND MUD," (a communication
from James Burt, of Velson, North Holland,) to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object the loosening and elevation of sand,
gravel, mud, or other similar matters from the bottom of water and
transporting them to a distance, and consists of certain improvements in
machinery and apparatus for effecting such removal. For this purpose
I make a centrifugal mud pump by fixing two or more vanes to a shaft
and supporting it by suitable bearings; these vanes I partially enclose
in a cylindrical case having an outlet formed on one side and an inlet on
the top and bottom, the one on the top being furnished with a valve,
and that on the bottom with a suction pipe. This pump, which may

page_text: be worked by steam or other power, I support upon a floating vessel,
and mount it in such a manner as to admit of its having a radial motion
while it is being worked, so as to take up matter from different depths,
or the pump may be fixed and supplied with a flexible suction pipe. To
the side opening of the case I fix flexible jointed pipes connecting the
pump with the shore or place for depositing the material lifted. The
above arrangement will admit of the suction pipe being lowered into
the matter to be lifted, and the stream of water generated by the pump
will draw such matter to the vanes, by which it will be mixed with
water and forced to traverse the connecting pipes. The valved opening
on the top of the pump I employ to diminish the suction in case it is
found that more material is drawn in than can be conveniently carried
by the pipes. When operating on hard ground I would give the end of
the suction pipe a suitable form and motion for detaching the portions
to be lifted.