matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS EMPLOYED FOR GIVING FORM TO, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE TILES OR MOULDINGS USED FOR FINISHING CONTINUOUS OR 'MONOLITHIC' CONCRETE WALLS OR WORK OF ANY CLASS, STYLE, OR DESIGN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Jordan at the. Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1878.
FREDERICK GEORGE JORDAN, of 12, Stourcliffe Street, Edgware Road, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS EMPLOYED FOR GIVING FORM
TO, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE TILES OR MOULDINGS USED FOR
FINISHING CONTINUOUS OR 'MONOLITHIC' CONCRETE WALLS OR WORK OF ANY
CLASS, STYLE, OR DESIGN."
This Invention relates to moulds and the process employed for making concrete
tiles and mouldings, which I prefer to use in conjunction with my Patent for
"Improvements in Apparatus Employed in Building in Concrete any Class or Style
of Wall or Work, and Finishing the same," No. 221, A.D. 1877; but said mouldings
may be used in buildings on any suitable system of concrete or brickwork.
These improvements have for their object to simplify the moulds used and the
process of making the concrete tiles and mouldings, same having continuous tongues,
ribs, cross ridges, successive dovetailed nodules or sinkings, into which the liquid
concrete may run, and thus cement the tile or moulding to the concrete wall as
one body; or as it may be termed "monolithic."
In carrying out my improvements I use a mould, which may be made of any
hard or pressure-sustaining material (but preferably of wood, strengthened by
metal), worked to the profile of any moulding desired, with sufficient flat surface to
form the bed of the moulding to be built in the wall, and internally of a triangular
or curvilineal form, with movable grooves and tongued ends, and externally it takes
the form (in section) of a parallelogram; thus the compression is brought to bear
between two parallel faces, and either press or vice machinery is equally suitable.
The moulds are made in sections to facilitate the discharging of the compressed
concrete tiles or mouldings.

page_text: The process adopted for taking the tiles or mouldings from the moulds imme-
diately they are made, is by the aid (preferably) of a common slate placed upon
the straight top of the moulding, which, together with the moulding is turned
downwards, and takes the weight of the tile or moulding. The remaining sections
of the mould are then taken off, and the moulding placed to dry or set.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES, PARTLY APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roland Harrington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1878.
"
ROLAND HARRINGTON, of the Firm of Hinde, Harrington, and Co., of Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford, Bicycie Manufacturers. IMPROVEMENTS IN
VELOCIPEDES, PARTLY APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates chiefly to tricycles and four-wheeled velocipedes, but in
part also to bicycle wheels and similar wheels.
I construct tricycles and four-wheeled velocipedes with a backbone passing from
the socket of the steering wheel or wheels to a part of the framing behind the back
axle. I place upon the backbone and immediately over the hind axle a saddle and
spring, similar to those used for bicycles. The back part of the frame acts as a
fulcrum for two horizontal levers, which extend forwards under the back axle, and
are connected to two cranks (set at opposite centres upon the back axle) by means
of two connecting rods. Each lever has a treadle towards the front end in position
to be somewhat forward of the saddle (about as much so as the treadle of a bicycle).
The steering lever is carried backwards and terminates in a pair of steering handles
(very similar to those of a bicycle) just in front of the saddle. The rider sits
directly over the back axle, to which the large wheels are connected, and the
treadles and handles are in the same relative position to him as in a bicycle. The
treadling movement is of course up and down, and the steering handles are moved
sideways, otherwise the method of working the vehicle is the same as in working a
bicycle. The rider mounts the vehicle from behind.
I fix the spokes of the wheels by passing the wire through holes drilled through
the projecting edge of the hub, and screwing them tight by means of nipples passed
through the rim from the concave side thereof. The nipples are kept in place by
means of countersunk heads which prevent them from being drawn through the
rim but allow them to be turned round. The wire has a riveted head at the hub
to prevent it from being drawn through the hole in the hub, and is screwed into
ID 31

page_text: the nipple in the rim by turning round the nipple. In case of the fracture of a
spoke it may be removed and renewed without removing the rubber tire by first
drawing the one part back through the hole in the hub and unscrewing the other
part from the nipple and then putting in a new spoke, as before described. This
method of fixing the spokes is applicable also to the wheels of bicycles, and to
similar wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG AND FLOCK GRINDING MACHINERY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sharp and Fred Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1878.
WILLIAM SHARP and FRED SMITH, both of Morley, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG AND FLOCK GRINDING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to rag grinding machines.
In the present construction of this class of machine a "bit plate" has been
placed near to the swift or cylinder for the purpose of preventing the unbroken
pieces of rags from passing out amongst the mungo, shoddy, or flocks, but in
practice it is found that the "bit plate" does not accomplish its purpose; the
result has been that a great portion of unbroken rags have passed amongst the
mungo, shoddy, or flocks, whilst another portion has been thrown out at the other
end of the machine, and has had to be gathered up and placed at the feeding end
of the machine to be operated upon again.
This Invention is intended to obviate these defects, and the improvements con-
sist in making the "bit plate" longer, and placing it closer to the swift or cylinder
than it is at present, and in using a fan or winged roller, which revolves at a quick
rate close to the "bit plate," so that when the unbroken rags come into contact
with the "bit plate" they are prevented from being carried around the swift and
passing away amongst the flocks, the fan being employed to throw them back on
to the feeding apron of the machine. By this means the unbroken rags are pre-
vented from getting amongst the mungo, shoddy, or flocks, and consequently more
equal yarn is the result.
AN IMPROVED BIER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Stretton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1878.
SAMUEL STRETTON, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Surgeon.
"AN IMPROVED BIER."
This Invention consists in constructing a bier for the conveyance of corpses in
such manner that it shall be capable of being folded inwards in the direction of its
length, whilst at the same time the several parts are sufficiently rigid when open to
support the weight of the body.
With this view I form two side bars of wood, or of-metal, and connect them at
their ends by cross legs, kept apart by stay bars, jointed so as to close in with the
other parts.
The body is supported by straps attached to the side bars, and
capable of sliding along them so as to adjust their distances apart; other straps
pass over the coffin and keep it steadily in position.
The bier is capable of being carried over or under hand, or at shoulder height.
At the grave the bier is placed over it and the upper straps being removed the
body is lowered by ropes between the side bars.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Stretton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
November 1878.
SAMUEL STRETTON, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Surgeon.
"AN IMPROVED BIER."
This Invention consists in constructing a bier for the conveyance of corpses in
such a manner that it shall be capable of being folded inwards in the direction of
its length, whilst at the same time the several parts are sufficiently rigid when open
to support the weight of the body.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the bier open to receive the coffin; Figure 2 shews it folded.
(a, a) are two side bars of wood or metal, connected at their ends by the cross
legs (b, b) kept apart by the stay bars (c, c,) which are jointed so as to close in
with the other parts, as shewn in Figure 2. The straps (d, d) which support the
coffin are made capable of sliding along the bars (a, a,) so as to adjust their distances 1
apart as required. To these straps are attached other straps (6, 6,) to pass over the
coffin to keep it steadily in position.
A bier of this construction is capable of being carried over or under hand, or at
shoulder height, when supporting the body, and when folded may easily be carried
by one man.
At the grave the bier is placed over it, and the straps (e, e,) being unfastened the
coffin is lowered by ropes between the side bars (a, a).
2
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
the samo is to be performed, I claim, without limiting myself to these precise details,
the improvements in biers by which they are made capable of being folded and 2
thus rendered more compact and portable, as herein more fully set forth and
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Stretton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
AMS AERIA
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Crawshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1878.
THOMAS CRAWSHAW, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Shuttle Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to that class of shuttles which are employed in broad
looms, having runners or pullies therein to facilitate their traverse from one end of
the loom to the other. Hitherto these runners or pullies have been made of wood,
having iron hoops or tires around them, fastened thereon by means of pins or
rivets.
In practice it is found that the wood shrinks or contracts, consequently slackening
the hoops; also the pins or rivets work loose, projecting beyond the surface of such
hoops, doing damage both to the woven piece and to the warp.
My improvements consist in making these runners or pulleys entirely of metal,
dispensing with hoop or tire, and consequently preventing the damage and annoy-
ance referred to.
The axle or centre pin is driven through the runners, and is made of steel or
case-hardened iron.
These axles can easily be replaced when new ones are required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1878.
WILLIAM PARKER, of Newton on Ouse, York, in the County of York, Brick and
Tile Maker. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
"
The object of this Invention is to give an uniformn strength of pick to the shuttle
of a loom, whether the same is running above or below its calculated speed.
Hitherto, the shuttle in slow running is liable to catch in the shed and in quick
running to fly out, in both cases causing damage to the piece being woven, and loss
of time and danger to the weaver.
I accomplish my object in the following manner:-In lieu of the ordinary tappet
I construct a cam of such form as will allow of the reception of the end of a steel
spring, the other end of which spring is fixed on a screw so arranged as to regulate
the tension; the centre or about the centre of this spring is fixed on a stud pin, the
cam in revolving puts upon the spring the requisite tension necessary to drive the
shuttle across the loom on being released by the form of the cam; thus it will be
seen that whether the loom runs fast or slow, the requisite force is generated by the
tension and liberation of the spring at each revolution or pick of the loom.
By the adoption of my improvement less power is absorbed in driving the loom,
and less wear and tear involved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, SUCH AS OPERA, FIELD, RACE GLASSES, AND TELESCOPES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1878. [A communi-
cation from abroad by Pierre Ferdinand Gérardin, of Paris, France.]
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, SUCH AS
OPERA, FIELD, RACE GLASSES, AND TELESCOPES." A communication from abroad
by Pierre Ferdinand Gérardin, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to improvements in certain parts of the glasses referred to,
especially double opera glasses, and consists,―
Ist. In stamping out on the branches (by which the twin glasses are united)
notches for the reception of corresponding lugs or projections made on the rings
of the eye pieces, thus doing away with screws, these parts fitting into their places
bayonet fashion.
2nd. In the suppression of the socket in which the small slide regulating the
focus moves, and in substituting therefor a screw having the milled regulator as its
Bocket.
3rd. Fixing as described the rings or caps of the object glasses bayonet-wise as
above mentioned, instead of screwing.
4. Instead of the screws of the tubes being distinct pieces fixed by soldering
them to the tubes, they are done away with, and in their place are notches made
for the reception of the projections on the eye pieces.
5th. In the same way the rings of the object glasses, instead of being separate
pieces connected by screwing or soldering on to the bodies of the instrument, they
are made to fit bayonet fashion.
In this manner the ordinary method of screwing the several parts of optical

page_text: instruments together is obviated, and in lieu thereof the various parts, such
as the tubes, the bodies, rings, and caps securing the eye pieces and object
glases are all fixed bayonet fashion by the means herein specified.
This greatly simplifies manufacture and considerably reduces the cost of the
article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING SHUTTERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Page at the Office of the Com-
inissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1878.
ALFRED PAGE, of Leeds, in the County of York. " IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING
SHUTTERS."
My improvements consist in providing, arranging, and constructing revolving
shutters, so that they can be readily got to for repairs and without hindrance to the
business of shops and other premises; also they can be more easily applied or
taken down than revolving shutters of ordinary construction.
Shutters of ordinary construction have their rollers mounted within the windows
of shops or other premises. The consequence is when that part of the shutters
lias to be got to for repairs very great inconvenience and difficulty are caused. The
same difficulties and inconveniences are also experienced when the shutters are
required to be taken down for painting and other purposes.
In iny arrangement I mount the roller on which the shutter is wound on a beam
let into the brick or stone work of the building and over the window. By this
means the roller is brought outside the building, and may project any convenient
distance from the beam."
In some cases I, by preference, make the beam of metal and hollow; in this caso
the roller is mounted as much as convenient within the hollow of the beam. This
arrangement is particularly applicable in cases where projecting too much in front
is objectionable.
The roller may be covered up from view by means of a suitable cornice, which is
also applied and arranged so that it can be readily taken off, and when off all the
parts connected with the shutter are in view, and without difficulty any defect
therein can be readily remedied.
The winding gear may be of ordinary construction.
The laths are placed on the hinges, by preference, in such a manner that the
shutter can be made to wind on the roller, either at the outside or inside thereof.
IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPERING BOTTLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION_left_by William Onion at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1878.
WILLIAM ONION, of Sneinton, in the County of Nottingham.
IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPERING BOTTLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
I employ three modifications of apparatus, the first consists of a chain having one
end secured to the neck of the bottle, and attached to a cork or stopper flanged on
its lower end, and provided with an india-rubber washer; after the bottle has been
filled with the liquid it is to contain, the lower end of the cork or stopper is pressed
into the neck of the bottle, with the washer interposed between them, the free end
of the chain is then hooked upon a stud or pin secured to the neck or side of the
bottle, firmly securing the cork or stopper in position.
The second modification consists in stopping the bottle from the inside by means
of a cork or stopper placed inside, such cork or stopper may be plain or have a
flange, and be provided with an india-rubber washer; after such cork or stopper is
placed in the bottle, it has an helically threaded wire or metal bit inserted in it,
one end of the wire or bit is provided with a loop; this loop projects from the neck
of the bottle as the cork or stopper is floated by the bottle being filled with liquid,
and by means of the loop the cork or stopper may be pulled up to secure the
contents.
The third modification consists of a cork or stopper and a wire or bit as described
in the second modification, but it is provided with an additional link or links of
wire or other material terminating in a loop larger than the neck of the bottle, by
which loop the cork or stopper is securely drawn into the neck of the bottle after it
is filled.
IMPROVED AUXILIARY STEERING APPARATUS FOR NAVIGABLE VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A BRAKE FOR CHECKING OR STOPPING THE MOTION OF SUCH VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Piercy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1878.
"
FREDERICK PIERCY, of Pall Mall East, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVED
AUXILIARY STEERING APPARATUS FOR NAVIGABLE VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS
A BRAKE FOR CHECKING OR STOPPING THE MOTION OF SUCH VESSELS."
This Invention relates to improved auxiliary steering apparatus for navigable
vessels, the said apparatus being also applicable as a brake for checking the speed
or entirely stopping vessels in case of emergency.
The apparatus is instantaneous in its action, and should be by preference under
the control of the officer of the watch, who should be stationed at the bow.
The apparatus is composed of a number of water holders made preferably of the
stoutest canvas arranged in groups of five or six holders, which are kept in position
by a central hawser, and are further strengthened and kept in position by three or
more surrounding cords. Each group of holders is independent in its character, the
central and surrounding cordage being strong in proportion to the strain relatively
to the other members of the steering apparatus. For instance, No. 1 bears the
strain only of its own holders, but No. 2 has in addition to the strain of its own
holders to bear the whole strain of No. 1, and No. 3 has to bear 1 and 2, and so on
up to No. 6, which is supposed to be held at the cathead, and to be strong enough
to bear the strain of all the rest.
For the regulation of the steering power I supply supporting ropes at the tail
ends of each group, so that the reduction and regulation of steering power may be
as instantaneous as its application. Each group is made with a loop at one end
and a spring hook at the other, so that in the event of one part being shot away
or otherwise injured a fresh member may be supplied without delay.
When used as a brake two or more of these apparatus would be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Sarginson Moncaster, of Kirk Ella, near Hull,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON
FENCING."
Sealed the 16th July 1878, and dated the 5th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Sarginson Moncaster
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1878.
RICHARD SARGINSON MONCASTER, of Kirk-Ella, near Hull, in the County of
York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING."
My improvements relate chiefly to the construction of the iron uprights or
standards. Instead of .constructing them of T iron, which presents a rounded
face on one side and a sharp edge on the other, such sharp edge being found in
practice to damage the cattle, I construct the uprights or standards of rounded'
Hiron, that is to say, the uprights are formed of a central rib and 'provided with
two external flanges. These are curved or rounded off, and present a face on
either side, which is in no way injurious to cattle. The horizontal bars or wires
are passed through these uprights in the ordinary manner and fixed in position by
means of two wedges driven in between them and the outer flanges.
In my arrangement of upright I dispense with the pronged feet, and drive it
straight into the ground.
The iron for the uprights is rolled or formed in one piece without any joint or
welding.
By this construction of upright a much stronger fencing is produced than here-
tofore, and at same time a great improvement in the appearance. Also the fencing
is so easy or simple to put together that any farm laborer might be employed for
the purpose.

page_text: limit myself to the exact limits, details, or configuration of the parts I have explained
and shewn, but what I claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters Patent
is,—
First. The arrangement, construction, and application of uprights or standards a,
substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Second. The application of wedges f, f, for retaining bars, wires, or ropes in
position, substantially as herein set forth.
Third. The combination of the various parts forming the iron fencing, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Sarginson Moncaster, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
R. S. MONCASTER.
(L.S.)
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KIERS' USED FOR BLEACHING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS OR FABRICS.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Christopher Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1878.
WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER WOOD, of Brinscall, in the County of Lancaster.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KIERS' USED FOR BLEACHING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS OR FABRICS.'
The object of this Invention is to construct an open or closed her in which the
circulation shall be continuous and absolutely self-acting.
I construct aier in the ordinary form without a false bottom, but with a central
liquor well at the lower part, in which I fix the lower end of the "fuse pipe," the
said lower end being perforated.
At the top of the "fuse pipe" I have a loose bonnet or spreader, which in its
normal position rests upon and closes the upper end of the "fuse pipe," but which
when the steam is turned on at the bottom of the "her" and the liquor rises in the
"fuse pipe" rises and falls on the top of the liquor in the pipe, and acts as a
spreader or distributor, the height to which the said loose bonnet rises being exactly
proportioned to the pressure of steam admitted or to the flow of the liquor in the
pipe.
To the lower end of the "fuse pipe" is attached a steam pipe, and to the top of
theer just above the loose bonnet is attached a steam pipe, the lower end of
which is perforated also. These two pipes are connected together, and are provided
with stop-cocks at their junction by means of which either of them can be put into
connection, either with the main steam pipe, or with the liquor pipe, which pipes
are also furnished with stop-cocks.
There is also a "blow-off tap " at the top, and a "let-off valve" at the bottom.
By this arrangement of the pipes and the stop-cocks, both the steam and the liquor
can be admitted either at the top or the bottom of the hier, as may be required.
This er may be used with either high or low pressure steam, and either closed or
open, as may be preferred, and the action of the "fuse pipe" and bonnet is not only
automatic, but instantaneous.
AN IMPROVED CONVERTIBLE HOLDER FOR BOOKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Steele at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1878.
ALBERT STEELE, of Camden Street, Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED CONVERTIBLE HOLDER FOR BOOKS."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of holders for books,
and is of such a nature that whilst affording complete protection to the book when
the same is not in use it admits of the holder or case being opened out into the
form of a desk when it is desired to refer to the book contained therein without
the necessity of removing the latter, thereby affording great protection to the covers
and other portions of valuable books.
The holder is constructed as follows:-A flat tablet upon which it is intended
the book shall rest is, by preference, placed at an angle, and is provided at its sides
with hinged flaps; when the holder is closed these flaps are at right angles to the
said tablet, and are maintained in that position by means of dowells attached to or
formed on a third flap which is hinged to the upper edge of the tablet. To the
last mentioned flap or side is connected a small curtain of any suitablo material
which falls over the exposed side of the book.
When it is desired to refer to the book contained within the holder as above
described, the flap at the upper edge of the tablet is thrown back on its hinges, and
those at the sides are opened out, thus increasing the length of the tablet by the
combined width of the two last mentioned flaps or sides.
A receptacle may be provided below the holder for the purpose of containing
papers, books, photographs, and other articles. When desired the tablet forming
the lower part of the holder may be combined with any suitable and known
contrivance for altering the angles thereof, and also for adjusting the height.
A SELF-ACTING MEAT BASTER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Levy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1878.
LEOPOLD LEVY, of 29, Francis Street, Tottenham Court Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist. " A SELF-ACTING MEAT BASTER."
The Invention consists of a cup or receptacle of tin, earthenware, or other suitable
material, the bottom of which is pierced with a number of small holes, and which is
to be suspended during roasting just above the meat which is being roasted; the
fat, lard, butter, or gravy appropriate for the basting being put into this cup or
receptacle, it melts by the heat of the fire and gradually trickles upon the meat,
requiring only to be replenished once or twice during the roasting, and so obviating
the necessity of the constant use of a basting spoon.
The cup can be made of any desired shape, and may have a lid or cover if
desired.
It is advisable that the bottom of the cup be fluted concentrically and the holes
be pierced in the lower flutes, by which means the basting fat is distributed and
made to fall in drops over the whole of the meat.
MEANS FOR WRITING AND COPYING POST CARDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joaquim Antonio Macedo at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1878.
JOAQUIM ANTONIO MACEDO, of Leeds, in the County of York.
MEANS FOR WRITING AND COPYING POST CARDS."
"IMPROVED
My Invention has for its object to furnish convenient means for writing postal
card communications, and retaining a facsimile both of the communication and of
the name and address of the addressee for future reference.
The ordinary method of copying in a press is both inexpeditious and inconve-
nient, but in the case of post cards, amongst other reasons, because the address and
subject matter are on opposite sides of the card.
Now my Invention is intended to supply a rapid and convenient means of
writing and copying post cards, and consists in a book so adapted as to be equally
useful either for the desk or for carrying in the pocket.
The book consists of a number of leaves of tissue paper, each leaf being double,
and of about the same size as a post card. The leaves are made double by being
folded, and the fold is at the bottom of the page. The post cards to be used are
placed between the folds of the leaves and are kept in position by the stitching of
the book by the folds at the bottom of the leaves, and by an elastic band at the
side opposite the stitching. Two eyelet holes are made in the back of the book for
convenience in filing.
A piece of carbonized paper of the same length as the post card, and twice its
width, is folded in two so as to be the same size when folded as the post card. The
carbonized paper thus folded can be slipped between the card and the double leaf,
so that there is a sheet of the said paper between the front of the card and one half
of the leaf, and a like sheet of carbonized paper between the back of the card and
the other half of the leaf. As the carbonized paper covers up the printing and
stamp of the post card the corresponding half leaves are ruled or otherwise marked
so as to shew their position.

page_text: To write a communication on a post card it is only necessary to take a pencil
(lead, agate, metallic, or other), write the address on its proper side and the
message on the other, and withdraw the card ready for post, leaving a copy on
the tissue paper of all that has been written, including the address. On inserting
the thumb or finger under the lower side of the next page it easily springs out of
the elastic without disturbing the other cards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING ICE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Augustus Gorman and
Matthews George Hudson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 19th November 1878.
"
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS GORMAN, of Mason Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, and MATTHEWS GEORGE HUDSON, of Mason Street, aforesaid, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING ICE."
This Invention relates to apparatus for making ice, wherein the water to be
frozen is placed in vessels arranged transversely within a trough, through which
brine or uncongealable refrigerating liquid is caused to circulate.
The object of the Invention is to agitate the water in the transverse vessels, so
that the ice produced may be clear. For this purpose we employ agitators dipping
into the transverse water vessels, and having a vibratory motion therein. These
agitators are fixed to a shaft carried by bearings or supports able to travel in
suitable guides. The shaft has a rocking or vibrating motion imparted to it, and
gradually or at intervals is automatically somewhat raised with its agitators, so
that their action may not be impeded by the freezing of the water around them as
congelation proceeds upward from the lower portions of the transverse vessels.
The gradual or intermittent upward movement of the shaft may be given in
various ways.
In one arrangement the supports or bearings have extensions or
parts provided with projections, and at intervals are moved upward by wheels on
a shaft, the said wheels having projections on their peripheries and receiving inter-
mittent motion through a wheel operated intermittently by a projection on the
dise of a crank, whereby the rocking motion is imparted through a slotted arm or
bar to the agitator shaft. The agitator shaft having been raised is prevented from
falling by pawls.

page_text: The agitator shaft has near its ends square shaped flanges or parts, and corre-
sponding recesses are formed above the upright, guides, so that when not in
operation the shaft may be placed with its flanges or projections in the said
recesses; thus the agitators will be held out of the way of the attendants whilst
they remove the ice, et cætera.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVE FASTENINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1878.
GEORGE LEE, of Loftus, in Cleveland, in the County of York, Mining Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVE FASTENINGS."
The improvement consists in the use of a band, elastic or otherwise, of any
suitable material permanently attached to one side of the vent of the glove and
passed through an eye or aperture on the other side of the vent, said band being of
sufficient length to allow of the passage of the hand and furnished with slots, rings,
or other contrivances at different distances constructed to fit on to one or more
studs permanently fixed on the glove, the object being to provide a ready mode
of fastening gloves by simply pulling the band until one of its slots fits on a stud
and dispensing with buttons and their holes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADING CANS' AND SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wood and Samuel Haggas at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1878.
JOHN WOOD and SAMUEL HAGGAS, both of Hebden Bridge, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADING CANS' AND SIMILAR VESSELS."
This Invention has reference to domestic cans commonly called "lading cans,"
and consists in placing around the outside of such can at its bottom end an iron or
other metal hoop, a portion of which projects beyond the bottom of the can, so that
in usage the can bottom does not wear away as is the case at present. The hoop
may be fastened on the can by rivets and soldering. By this means the cans wear
much longer and are materially strengthened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bottomley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1878.
JOHN BOTTOMLEY, of Snowden Street, Bradford, in the County of York, Spinner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
My Invention relates to improvements in spindles for spinning and twisting, and
consists in the employment of hollow spindles, through which work lifter bobbin
rods; the spindles are fitted with flyers having arms projecting upwards, so that
the bobbins can be removed and replaced without interfering with the flyers,
facilitating the doffing of the bobbins, preventing the stretching of the spindle
bands, and allowing the spindles to be driven at a considerably increased velocity.
For this purpose I fit on the frame of a spinning apparatus two collar rails, doing
away with the step rail heretofore employed; in the rails are fitted bushes or collars,
in which revolve short thick hollow spindles, having fixed on the tops flyers made
with arms projecting upwards.
1
In the bottom bush or collar of a spindle is fitted a tube passing freely a short
distance in the hollow of the spindle; through this tube and through the hollow
spindle works up and down a bobbin lifter rod, which traverses up and down at
the necessary speed to effect the proper laying on of the yarn on the bobbin; the
hollow of the spindle is made large in diameter to allow the bobbin lifter rod free
play, and prevent the rod coming in contact with the inside of the spindle at what-
ever speed the spindle may be running.
At a suitable distance on the bobbin lifter rod is fitted a circular plate, and the
top of the rod is made with a pointed recess, in which works a pointed stud fitted
in the top of a hollow tube; this tube works on the top part of the lifter rod, and
is made with a circular flange, which works on the top of the lifter rod circular
plate; the tube revolves on the lifter rod top, and the centre top stud produces an
easy "drag," but felt or other washers may be employed and fitted on the lifter rod
circular plate if found requisite to give the proper amount of "drag." The bobbin is
ID 037

page_text: passed over the hollow tube and rests on the top of the flange; the bobbin can be
removed and replaced without interfering with the flyer, facilitating the "doffing."
The wharve for driving the spindle is fixed on the spindle by screws; the bobbin
lifter rod is fitted in the lifter plate of the spinning apparatus, which is actuated in
the usual manner.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garvey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878.
WILLIAM GARVEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATORS."
.
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of this Invention is so to construct a perambulator or child's carriage
that it can be used for one or two children, and at the same time it is only the
width of an ordinary single perambulator.
The body of the perambulator is made with two seats placed back to back
(somewhat in the form of an ordinary dog-cart), with a stuffed back between
them, the footboard of the back seat being made so as to fold upon hinges, and
close the same when not in use. Thus, it will be seen that the perambulator may
be used for two children, in which case the child occupying the back seat will be
between the shafts, and facing the person propelling the carriage; or it may be
used for one child only, and that one may occupy either the front or back seat, as
may be preferred.
A movable hood is provided, which can be reversed, so as to protect either the
occupant of the front or back, as may be required; or if preferred, the hood may be
so constructed and arranged as to cover both seats.
The shafts may be permanently fixed, or they may be detachable, so that the
perambulator will occupy less space when out of use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NOSEBAGS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Le Maistre and William
John Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August
1878.
FRANÇOIS LE MAISTRE, of Church Road, Islington, and WILLIAM JOHN JONES,
of Hungerford Road, Camden Road, both in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NOSEBAGS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of nosebags for
horses, ponies, donkeys, and other domesticated and tamed animals.
According to our improvements nosebags are made of a mixture of india-rubber
and canvas, india-rubber only, oilcloth, canvas, leather-cloth, leather, or other suit-
able material.
These improved nosebags may be shaped round like a bucket, or of any other
suitable shape that may be desired. flange or strip of material of the same kind
as used in the manufacture of the bags is applied around the inside or mouth of
the bags to prevent loss of food when the animals raise their heads beyond a
horizontal position, and the bags are thrown up, so that in the case of bags at
present in use a loss of food ensues. This flange or ridge may be attached all round,
or only partly so, as may be required.
These bags may be made by being cut out of piece material and then joined, or,
as in the case of india-rubber, they may be moulded.
The flange may also be made of material different from that used in the manu-
facture of the bags, and attached by means of stitching, rivetting, or cementing.
The flanges may also be made and sold separately from the nosebags, and attached
to the nosebags already in use.
These improved nosebags may be perforated by means of small holes punched
out of the body of the bags to give ventilation, or a ventilating button or buttons
may be applied for this purpose.
An extra substance of material may also be attached at the bottom of the bags
to add to their strength and durability.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Aldridge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1878.
GEORGE ALDRIDGE, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Professed Cook.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES."
The Invention consists in constructing one or more chambers above one or more
fire-places in such manner that the heat from said fire-places shall pass all round
the said chambers, or only certain sides thereof, as desired; and by a system of
dampers in the passage ways formed by the spaces between such chambers controlling
the heat, so that it may pass around only one chamber, or one or more sides thereof,
or around two chambers, and so forth, the object being to concentrate and control
the beat as desired.
The improvements may be performed by making the range and fitting it in place
somewhat as at present, but furnished with two or more fire-places, and above such
placing or suspending one or more chambers of any convenient shape, constructed of
metal in such manner that the sides of such chambers shall not touch, and the
spaces between and around them form flues for the passage of heat and smoke.
There is of course a front plate, and sometimes back and sides to receive the
supports for the chambers, also their doors, and so forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BOATS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elgar Leslie and Nathaniel
Hamblin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May
1878.
WILLIAM ELGAR LESLIE and NATHANIEL HAMBLIN, both of Blackwall, in the
County of Middlesex, Boat Builders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BOATS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in life boats, whereby they are returned
automatically to their normal position in the event of their being inverted or turned
upon the side, whilst at the same time increased lightness is obtained over life boats
of the ordinary construction.
In carrying out our Invention the body of the boat is composed of a skin or
planking with two head boxes, one at each end, in which we form man-holes for tho
convenience of access to their interior, and with a koel which is covered at the
bottom with an iron band.
In the bottom of the boat at the centre thereof we fit one or more shallow tanks
containing fresh water, so that the centre of gravity is situate below the centre of
the boat, and beyond the said tank or tanks at opposite ends of the boat we fit one
or more cases composed, for example, of wood covered with canvas and marine gluc,
and which are filled with air, and serve the purpose of obtaining buoyancy and the
displacement of water.
An important feature of our Invention consists in the application to the sides of
the boat of other buoyancy cases of a peculiar shape, the same being made on their
outer side of a convex form, adapted to the configuration of the skin, and on their
inner side of a reverse convex form, which joins the outer side in points or angles at
the skin of the boat.
By means of this arrangement, in the event of the boat becoming inverted the
following effect is obtained:-The boat being supported bottom upwards on the
water by its head boxes the weight of the fresh water cistern tends to incline
the vessel to one side or the other; the vessel is then borne by the water acting on
the inner convex side of the buoyancy case or cases of the corresponding side; and
from the nature of the curvature of the said convex surface, which gradually
Price 2d 1

page_text: approaches the outer convex surface, the power of the head boxes is made available
to turn the boat on its side, and then to return it to its normal position.
We further provide vertical trunks, say, two at opposite ends of the boat, extending
from the bottom to the thwarts, and provided with clack valves opening outwards
into the trunks, so that in the case of the vessel shipping a sea the greater portion!
of the water will be immediately discharged through the valves, which, whilst
admitting of the free egress of the water, prevent the ingress of any water through
them from the exterior.
The head boxes herein-before referred to may be formed with a horizontal partition
for the purpose of dividing them into two compartments if found desirable.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED THEREFORE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1878. A communication
from William Lutz, Manufacturer, of the Town of Neuenbürg, in the Kingdom
of Würtemberg.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth & Company, Patent Solicitors, at Frankfurt-
on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN THE
APPARATUS USED THEREFORE." A communication from William Lutz, Manufacturer,
of the Town of Neuenbürg, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg.
The Invention consists of an arrangement by which fabrics can be woven direct
from the bobbins, instead of being first wound upon a warping beam. I effect this
by placing a bobbin creel at the back of the loom; this creel may consist of any
number of frames or wings connected by a frame, & each frame or wing carrying
as many bobbins as may be required to make up the number of threads required for
the warp.
To the back of the loom a suitable framing is attached, & the ordinary warping
beam is dispensed with. The said framing carries a reed, comb, or wraith, through
the splits of which the threads from the creel are passed to a guide roller behind it.
From thence they pass over a pair of press rollers, one of which is fixed, the other
being carried in bearings which allow it to rise and fall a little. One or both
of these rollers may be weighted & braked, if required. The warp threads
may then be passed over another guide roller, and thence over the back bearer of
the loom, to be then manipulated in the ordinary way.
Between the last guide roller and the back bearer there is however placed a
tension roller, which is carried in a pair of candilevers, one arm of which is weighted
so as to press the roller against the warp; by lifting these levers the warp is at
once slackened for any purpose of the weaver.
. Narrow fabrics do not require the tension rollers if care be taken to place an
equal number of threads on each side of the creel, so that the warp is not drawn to
one side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER AXLE BEARINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1878. A communication from
Philipp-Pracchter, of Heidelberg, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at Frankfort
on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER
AXLE BEARINGS." A communication from Philipp-Pracchter, of Heidelberg, in the
Empire of Germany.
The Invention consists in carrying the weight of the carriage or truck on a
friction wheel, the same being hung in a split spring and having an axle on cach
side of the spring. The friction wheel is provided with a rounded edge fitting into
a groove in the axle of the main wheels, the ordinary axle bearings serving only to
guide the axle and not to carry the weight as in ordinary bearings. The whole
may be made of metal.