Improvements in or relating to Punch and Matrix Making, Cutting, and Engraving Machinery.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar
1898
Complete Specification Left, 5th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 4th Feb.,
1899
Complete Specification Left, 5th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 4th Feb.,
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Punch and Matrix Making,
Cutting, and Engraving Machinery.
Die
I, NICHOLAS DEDRICK, of the City of Manitowoc, County of Manitowoc, and
State of Wisconsin, in the United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to mechanism for cutting either raised or intaglio designs
in metal or other suitable substance for the purpose of punches or dies or engraving
plates; and it is particularly designed for doing such work in the form necessary
for the purpose of making printing type, the dies being of the nature of matrices
for use in type-casting machines, and the punches being for use in sinking such
dies by driving, as well understood. The particular class of machines to which
my invention pertains is that in which the course of the cutting tool upon the
block or plate, upon which it operates to produce the die or punch, is guided and
controlled by mechanical reducing mechanisms connected with a tracer which
follows a pattern or templet upon a large scale of letter, or other form to be pro-
duced in the die or punch, without limitation, however, as to whether it is the
block or tool that moves in the cutting action, or as to whether it is the tracer
or pattern that moves in the tracing action.
My invention comprises, as to its leading features:-
First Devices by means of which from direct or ortho-lineal patterns, an
italicized or oblique reproduction can be made, and in connection with this leading
feature, it consists of specific means for communicating the two components of
the tracer's movement to the tool or work-holder in the process of reproducing the
outline of the pattern in different sizes, and specific means for controlling the
ratio of reproduction, and for controlling, independently of each other, the ratios
of reproduction of the two components of the tracer's movement, that is to say,
the ratios in which the two components of the tracer's action are modified in the
reproduction.
Second: It comprises, further, in the mechanism for transmitting the move-
ments of the tracer to the tool or work-holder, endless ball bearings between the
parts which slide one upon another having endless tracks for the balls, and specific
devices for adjusting such bearings and for protecting the balls in such tracks.
Third: It comprises specific mechanisms for the purpose of holding punch
blanks, other specific mechanisms for holding matrix blanks, and other specific
mechanisms for holding plates to be engraved or cut into patterns, and expedients
for guiding the tracer carrier in direct and parallel lines in forming such patterns;
each and all of these specific attachments being essential to the complete utility
of the machine which is designed to perform all three sorts of work.
Fourth It comprises, further, mechanism in the tool-carrying head and as a
part thereof, for adapting the tool to be withdrawn for sharpening and replaced
or exchanged for another tool without liability to vary the depth of cut, and with-
out the necessity for re-setting in respect to such depth, and in connection with

page_text: this purpose, it includes mechanism for very accurately setting the tool as to its
depth of cut, and for varying such depth at will without preventing the instan-
taneous complete withdrawal of the tool from the work and return to the same.
Fifth It comprises means for causing the vertical movement of the tracer to be
communicated to the tool, such means being adapted to communicate said move-
ment with equal accuracy and efficiency notwithstanding variations in proportions
and notwithstanding the oblique distortion which may be caused for the purpose of
italicizing.
Sixth It comprises further means for preventing the variations in the ratios
of reproduction in the components of the tracer's movement, which are made for
the purpose of condensing or extending the letters from otherwise distorting them
or changing the style.
For the more perfect understanding of the nature of my invention in its several
parts above outlined, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, in
which;
:-
Fig. 1 is a general plan of a machine embodying my invention.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the portion of said machine constituting the
pattern-holding stand and the tracer-carrier.
Fig. is an elevation looking in the same direction as Fig. 3, of the tool and
work-carrying portion of the machine, the pantograph and lever connections there-
from to the tracer-head and the base, being cut at an intermediate point between
the two.
Fig. 5 is a detail plan showing the pantograph and lever connections between
the tracer carrier and the work-carrier and said carriers adjusted to translate the
fore-and-aft movements of the tracer into oblique movement of the work, as for
producing an italic letter from ortho-lineal design.
Fig. 6 is a detail fore-and-aft axial section of the tool-holder head showing
the tool therein.
Fig. 7 is a detail section at the line 7-7 on Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a plan of a ball-controlling device for a ball-bearing in said head.
Fig. 9 is an elevation of a coupling sleeve on said head.
Fig. 10 is a perspective of the tool-setting collar thereon.
Fig. 11 is a detail plan of the work-carrier with a form of work-holder adapted
for holding punch blanks mounted thereon.
Fig. 12 is a section at the line 12-12 on Fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a detail plan of the fore-and-aft slide-way of the work-carrier.
Figs. 14 and 15 are detail sections at the lines 14–14 and 15–15, respectively,
on Figs. 2 and 12, showing certain endless tracks or courses for balls constituting
anti-friction bearings for the sliders, said views illustrating also a construction
which would be shown at the planes of the sections indicated on Figs. 3 and 4 by
the lines 14-14 and 15"-15° on said figures, the proportions or dimensions at
such sections, however, not necessarily agreeing with those of Figs. 14 and 15.
Fig. 16 is a detail section at the line 16-16 of Fig. 12.
Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, are detail sections at the lines 17-17, 18-18,
19-19, 20-20 and 21-21, respectively on Fig. 1, showing the structure of the
anti-friction pivotal and sliding joints of the pantograph and lever systems which
connect the sliders of the two compound beds.
Figs. 22 and 23 are respectively plan and elevation of a sliding pivot-block for
certain lever connections.
Fig. 24 is a detail section at the line 24-24 of Fig. 11.
Fig. 25 is a detail front elevation of a work-holder for punch blanks.
Fig. 26 is a detail rear left-hand corner elevation of the same.
Fig. 27 is a detail section at 27-27 on Fig. 25.
Fig. 28 is a plan of a work-holder suitable for holding die-blocks.
Fig. 29 is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 30 is a section at the line 30-30 on Fig. 29.
E

page_text: Fig. 31 is a section at the line 31-31 on Fig. 28.
Fig. 32 is a plan of a holder for plates to be engraved or cut for patterns.
Fig. 33 is a detail section at the line 33-33 on Fig. 32.
Fig. 34 is a detail front elevation of the tool-holder head showing a setting
device thereon.
Fig. 35 is a section at the line 35-35 on Fig. 34.
Fig. 36 is a detail section at the line 36-36 on Fig. 3.
Fig. 27 is an axial section of the tracer-holder.
Fig. 38 is a perspective of a pivotal lifting collar on the tracer-holding chuck.
Fig. 39 is a detail section of a gauge-stop collar pertaining to a guiding device
on the tracer carrier traveller.
Fig. 40 is an elevation of a latch associated therewith.
Fig. 41 is a plan of the pantograph showing an attachment thereto for the
purpose of improving its action when adjusted for reducing at very large rates.
Fig. 42 is a detail section of a pipe-joint in a duct extending between the tracer-
head and the tool-head.
Figs. 43 and 44 are respectively plans of patterns for a matrix and punch for
a Gothic letter H.
Fig. 45 represents two letters H cut from the same pattern by adjustment
for condensing, using a round tracing tool.
I will now describe in detail the mechanism illustrated in these drawings. It
comprises a base upon which are mounted two carriers, each carrier comprising
two travellers mounted one upon the other, and having movement in guideways
transverse to each other. The upper traveller of one carrier carries a tracer and
the upper traveller of the other carrier carries the work to be cut. The tracer
overhangs the pattern-table, and the work is overhung by a tool-head. (The trans-
position of the tracer or pattern, or transposition of the work and tool, would not
involve a departure from the substance of my invention.)
The movement of the two travellers of the tracer carrier are communicated to
the corresponding travellers of the work-carrier by mechanical connections which
are independent of each other, and are independently adjustable to vary the
ratio of increase or reduction of the movements of the travellers, respectively, so
that the two components of the movement may be independently variable.
The guideways of the lower traveller are made angularly adjustable upon the
lower traveller, each adjustment being independent of the other, and this adjust-
ment constitutes the means for varying the angle between the directions of the
movements of the two travellers of either carrier and constitutes the principal
means for translating the direct movement of the carrier into oblique movement of
the work in order to produce from a direct or ortho-lineal pattern, an oblique form
or italicized letter.
a
A is the rigid base. The tracer carrier comprises a track-plate B for
traveller B, on which a second track-plate Bd is supported to guide a second
traveller Be, which is mounted upon said second track-plate. The track-plates
are angularly adjustable upon their respective supports, having segmental slots 6"
and bd in flanges B and Bd1, and secured by bolts A and be respectively.
The work-carrier comprises the track-plate H, secured to the base A by bolts Aª
through segmental slots ", through flanges H cn said track-plate; a traveller H
having fore-and-aft movement on said track-plate, the second track-plate Hd
secured to the traveller by bolts through segmental slots hd in flanges Hd, and
the upper traveller H operating on said upper track-plate and supporting the
work-holder secured thereto and hereinafter described.
'The fore-and-aft movement of the lower traveller of the tracer-carrier is trans-
mitted to the corresponding traveller of the work-carrier by a lever Pb, which
obtains an adjustable fulcrum on the block A, which slides on the arm A, which
may be secured at any selected position, as Ab Ab, etc. on the base A, said arm
being adjustable by sliding and rotation of its support and being adapted to be
secured rigidly as thus adjusted. The lever Pb has sliding pivotal connection to

page_text: un
the lower travellers of the carriers respectively in the slotted cross-heads of the
T-shaped arms P and Q adjustable fore-and-aft on said travellers, respectively, as
illustrated in respect to the traveller of the work-carrier in Fig. 12, being secured
on the traveller by means of rabbeted clamps gc fastened by the screws q"
and qb, the pivotal connection of the lever being obtained by means of the
pivot slides P in the cross-heads P and Q of the arms P and Q respectively,
said slides being longitudinally split and provided with spreading screws 1 and
corner rolls to prevent friction and take up lost motion.
The movement of the upper traveller of the tracer-carrier is communicated to
the corresponding traveller of the work-carrier by a pantograph-system which
comprises lever bars R, R, Rb and Re, R and Rª being pivoted together, and R
and R being likewise pivoted together, the bar Rb having adjustable pivotal con-
nection with the bar R, and the bar R having similar adjustable pivotal con-
nection with the bar R", after the familiar construction of adjustable pantographs.
The lever R is pivotally attached to the upper traveller of the tracer carrier and
the remote end of the lever Rª constitutes the fixed fulcrum of the pantograph,
the actuating connection of the pantograph to the traveller of the work-carrier
being made at the pivotal junction of the levers Rb and R. The connection of
the lever R to the traveller of the tracer-carrier is made at a pivot-block B,
adjustably secured by a set-screw be in a bar Be secured to said traveller by
arms bea. The fulcrum connection of the bar R is made by pivoting said bar
at to an arm Hde which projects from the top of a post Hdd adjustably secured
by the set screw hdd on the bar Hd rigid with the track-plate Hd of the work-
carrier. The actuating connection of the pantograph to the work-carrier traveller
is made at the pivot which connects the bars Rb and R by means of a sliding
pivot block similar to Pe having corner rolls Rb which is guided fore-and-aft in
the slot of an arm H secured with capacity for angular adjustment to the
traveller Hd.
The adjustable sliding pivotal connections of the pantograph arms Rb and R° to
the arms R and Rª are made by blocks R', as shown in Fig. 17, having dovetail
sliding seats for the bars respectively, and set screws s to secure them, the blocks
being pivoted back to back. These and all other joints of the pantograph have
ball-bearings which take all the friction off the pivot bolt and prevent play, balls
being interposed between the blocks R³ in V-shaped grooves, a washer Re" in
the lower block having ball tracks facing like tracks on said block, and a bolt
being set into the upper block and by its head binding under the washer. With
similar effect at the pantograph fulerum joint, as seen in Fig. 21, a washer R
under the head of the bolt 7°, retains balls between itself and the
bar R. In the joint between the bars Rb and Re, as seen at Fig. 18,
a washer R is employed for a like purpose below the lower bar. In
this joint, the pivot bolt rb has the shoulder bb, which stops against the under
side of the washer R. Fig. 19 shows another of the pantograph joints between
the bars R and Ra, in which a washer Rk is employed with the same effect as at the
fulcrum joint above described. At the pivot of the lever Pb to the arm Aº an
analogous construction is employed, the pivot bolt Pы having a ball track on the
under side of its head or shoulder (see Fig. 20).
When the pantograph mechanism is set for reduction in a high ratio, as, for
example, to 1-100th of the pattern, the pivot between the bars Rb and Re, for
example, is almost directly under the pantograph fulcrum, and even in case of
reduction in less ratio the distance between the axes of these pivots is less than
the diameter of the pivot-bearings. In such adjustments greater certainty of
action is given to the pantograph by employing a supplemental device shown
in Fig. 41, comprising a lever R* fulcrumed at the middle point of the lever R^,
connected at its forward end by a link R' to the middle point of the lever R and
at its rear end 'by an extensible link R² ² to a sliding pivot block R* on the
lever R, the length of the lever R* being equal to that of the lever R, the link R
being half that length. The pivot-block R" is mounted on the bar R°, so that

page_text: the distance between the pivots of the link R' and the bar R° to the lever Rª·
is half the length of the lever R³, or the full length of the link R. This is
accomplished by providing the block R with a spacing rod " which abuts against
the block R on the lever R°. When this device is put into place the two-part
link R is adjusted so that the distance between the pivotal connections of said
link with the block R" and 'the lever R*, respectively, is equal to the distance from
the pivotal connection of the levers R and R to the pivotal connection of the
levers R and R. Thus applied the movement is communicated with mathe-
matical exactness, but the power being applied upon the lever Rª by connection
with the long arm of that lever liability to spring the arm or crowd the pivots is
avoided.
Ball bearings are provided for all the travellers in their respective tracks as F
and F, and said tracks are constructed not only for guidance of the travellers in
their horizontal movement, but also to retain them against vertical displacement
by means of overhanging flanges D* D* on the broad rib D, which is formed upon
each of the track-plates, said ribs 1) extending up past, and the flanges 1" 1"
overhanging, dependent L-shaped flanges Ee on the travellers. At one side of
each traveller to take up any lateral play, I provide such dependent flange on an
L-shaped gib Eb, springs Eb being lodged between the gib and the side-flange er
of the traveller to automatically set the gib, clamp screws Eb being provided to
secure the gib and stop-screws eb, being set through the flange e to prevent the
displacement of the gib. When the clamp screws are released the spring auto-
matically sets the gib and the clamp-screws being tightened to hold it, the stop-
screws may be set up without danger of crowding the gib and indenting the
balls. The ball-bearings, it will be observed, are provided not only at the tracks
on which the travellers rest by gravity, but at the guide-ways between the engaged
flanges described. To prevent the escape of the balls at the ends of their tracks
I make the latter endless by means of return bends G G and G" G", secured to one
cf the parts at the ends and leading to return courses f and f" in one of said
parts. The return bends may also carry extensions Gb to cover the ball tracks
where they would otherwise be exposed at one end when the traveller was at the
other end.
Upon the work-carrier may be mounted any suitable work-holder. Three such
work-holders are shown, one for a punch blank, one for a matrix or die-blank, and
one for a plate to be cut or engraved. A universally adjustable bed is desirable to
support either one of these holders. Such bed comprises a track-plate J secured
and angularly adjustable upon the traveller He by means of bolts through.
segmental slots J". On the dove-tail rib of this plate the work-bed Jb is mounted
and slides, controlled by screw Jd, having a milled head Ja, and extending into a
channel J in the rib and engaging a lug J which projects from the bed Jb into
the channel. On a rib Jbd on the bed Jb a second bed Je slides transversely to the
sliding movement of said bed Jb, being adjustable by a screw Jf, having a milled
head J engaging a lug J. The bed Je has T-shaped channels Jb in its upper
surface for securing a work-holder. A work-holder for a punch-blank is shown
in Figs. 11, 12, 25, 26 and 27. It comprises a right-angular post .1 secured by a
bolt
through the foot-flange Ja to the bed J, and a right-angular frame K
which operates as a clamp for the blank punch having flanges K" at the vertical
edges and within such flanges gibs Kb operated by screws K and guided by
screws Kd in slots k k. A vertical adjusting screw K is journaled outside the
post J in lugs J8b, and a nut K' on this screw has a finger Kb extending through
a slot J and taking into the work-holder clamp K, so that when by means of
its milled head K the screw K is rotated, the clamp is adjusted vertically. To
insure accuracy and prevent play, the finger Kb, which engages the clamp K,
is split and a screw Ke having a tapered head which enters the split is drawn
thereinto by a nut KP to spread the split finger and cause it to take firm hold of
the clamp. For a like purpose the nut K' is split so that it may be clamped onto
the thread of an adjusting screw by the screw K. When the clamp K is adjusted

page_text: it is secured firmly to the post J by a stud screw Kh which protrudes from the
corner or angle of the clamp through a slot Je at the angle of the post and
receives the binding nut Kha against a washer Kbb outside the angle.
For a matrix blank I use a holder shown in Figs. 28, 29, 30 and 31. It has a
base-plate L secured to the bed Je by the screws and flanged nuts engaging the
slots of the bed. A bed Lb slides on the base, guided by a rib L" and kept snug
by a gib L This bed has a bridge-plate Lb separating two channels whose
forward walls are open between said bridge-plate and corner posts Lbb Lbb.
which are connected by a top bar Lhe. The rear wall has a top Hange-plate be
overhanging the chambers. Travellers Lbh are guided longitudinally by engage-
ment in channels Lbe in the bottom of the chambers, and are actuated longitudinally
therein by screws Lbs set through plates Lbf at the ends of the carriage. A vertical
threaded stem Lbi of each traveller carries a sleeve Lb on which a jaw Lbk is
journaled and stopped vertically by the flange Lb on the sleeve Lb, being
stopped against rotation on the sleeve by the sides of the chamber, whereby the
rotation of the sleeve on the threaded stem adjusts the jaw vertically without
rotating it. The jaws are rabbetted at Lb and have horizontally pivoted cheek
levers M, on and against whose fingers M and Mb the blanks lodge, the pivot of
the cheek-levers being below and rearward from both the fingers. A blank
shown at N in Fig. 29 long enough to engage under the bar Lbe and under the
flange being lodged on the finger Ma, leans against the finger Mb, and as the
jaw is advanced to bring the face of the blank against the bridge Lbd, the finger Mb
being pushed back, the finger M is tilted up and carries the blank up snugly
against the bar and flange at the top, so that it is gauged by its top face which is
to be cut and by its vertical face against the bridge.
The matrix holder is provided with two seats for blanks because the work, pro-
ducing a type matrix for example, requiring change of tool, and such change
consuming considerable time involving setting, it is desirable to operate with the
same tool as long as possible thereby diminishing changes. Two or more blanks
being secured at once in the holder, the first process of "roughing out" may be
performed on all the blanks so mounted before the tool is changed and, the change
of tool being made, all will then be finished. When a matrix is made by reduc-
tion from a pattern say fifty times the dimensions of the matrix, which is not
unusual in order to carry the work laterally the distance necessary to bring the tool
from a given point on one matrix to the corresponding point on the other, the
travel necessary to be given the work-holder covers the width of the bridge-plate
and, in addition, the width of the lateral margins on both the blanks adjacent the
bridge-plate, so that, for example, in case of matrices for letters whose total
dimension laterally would be say one-sixteenth of an inch the lateral shifting
necessary to cover the interval occupied by the two margins and the bridge would
be probably half an inch, eight times the width of the letter. To make this shift
by the same means by which the ordinary lateral movements of the tool in doing
its work are made, that is, by moving the tracer over the pattern-table a corre-
sponding distance would involve, in the case of a fifty to one reduction, twenty-five
inches of such movement.
This would require impracticable extent of pattern-table and lateral bearings
and connections. In order to avoid this trouble and adapt the machine to work
from two patterns close together on the pattern table to two matrices in the work-
holder separated the distance which they must be separated, as above explained,
I provide for shifting the matrix-holder carriage bodily, independently of the
movements which are transmitted from the tracer-carrier, and for this purpose a
lever Ld, fulcrumed at its rear end on the base L, extends through the slot Lbs
in the carriage underneath the chambers; and upon the forward side of the base
an upwardly notched segment L', having V-shaped notches, is engaged by the
V-shaped noses of two spring-actuated dogs L and Lh pivoted on the lever L,
the distance between the noses of the dogs being not an exact multiple of the
width of the notches of the segment. Stop screws Lb" are set through the

page_text: plates Lbf and stop against the ends of the base L, being provided with lock-
nuts Lb. These screws may be adjusted by the operator to allow the carriage
to be shifted just the amount necessary to compensate for the difference, in their
respective proportions, between the space allowed on the pattern table between
the patterns and the space required in the work-holder between the blanks. The
carriage being set up to either stop the dogs will engage the notches on the
segment, but it will not be possible for both dogs to engage fully at the same
time. If one dog happens to coincide exactly with a notch the other dog will
strike the inclined side of a tooth and operate merely to prevent any play.
Usually neither dog will accurately engage a notch but both will lodge upon
inclined sides, and by making the space between the points of the dogs greater
than a full multiple of the space between the teeth by the amount of only per-
ceptibly more than half one such space, the dogs will always lodge upon oppositely
inclined faces of the teeth.
For holding plates to be engraved or cut into patterns, the work-holder shown
in Figs. 32 and 33 is used. It comprises a bed Y adapted to be secured on the
bed Je by the bolt y", whose head engages the T-shaped channels of the bed Je.
For the purpose of tightening these bolts I employ the screws Yb, taper-pointed
at yb to enter the V-shaped lateral notch y" in the bolts; and to insure disen-
gagement a small spring ye may be lodged above the bolts y". The upper face
of the bed Y has the familiar form of undercut or T-shaped grooves Y°, arranged
at different distances and intersecting at right angles, and one edge of the bed
has a flange Y. Clamps Ye connected by screws Y to slides Y which engage
the channels serve to bind the plate to be cut against the lateral flange Ya.
On this holder patterns for use in making matrices or punches may be cut from
drawings mounted on the pattern table, and for such work the skill of the operator
is required to keep the tracer following the lines of the pattern. No substitute
can be provided for such skill in case of irregular lines, but for straight lines I
provide guiding devices as follows: Upon each traveller of the tracer carrier,―
at the forward edge of the right and left traveller and at the right-hand end of
the fore-and-aft traveller,-I mount in lugs Bh rods B, and on each rod a
plurality of stops represented in Figs. 39 and 40, comprising each a two-part
collar Bi bi provided with a set.screw Bk for securing it adjustably to the rod, and
a rotatable disk B¹ retained between the two parts of the collar and having a
finger B and a stop-tooth 6. Fixed with respect to the path over which the
traveller moves and midway its extreme limits I provide on the track-plate an
abutment BP, which stands in the path of the tooth when the disk B¹ is adjusted
so that the tooth projects downward. When a design to be traced contains direct
fore-and-aft lines one of the clips of the right and left traveller will be set to
collide with the abutment BP at the proper point to bring the tracer over such
fore-and-aft lines, and the operator can then trace such lines by a direct fore-
and-aft movement of the tracer, only applying slight lateral pressure in the
direction to hold the stop against the abutment. So when a direct right and left
line is to be traced a stop on the fore-and-aft traveller may be set to collide with
the abutment when the tracer is over the right and left line. For a similar pur-
pose but better adapted to following a large number of parallel lines, as in
engraving plates, for surface shading, and the like, I employ a device shown in
Fig. 36, consisting of a clamping wedge B secured on a spring finger Bч on the
under side of each traveller of the tracer carrier. A screw B is set into the
traveller from the edge, parallel with the guide-ways, and provided with a taper
point adapted to operate upon the inclined face of the wedge to force it toward
the track-plate and thereby bind the traveller rigidly to the track-plate. This
being done, the tracer will evidently be capable of only one movement, namely, in
the direction permitted by the traveller which is not thus bound.
For the tool-holding and operating mechanism at the left-hand end of the
base A, I mount a rigid bracket Ad having vertical face Ada from which a guide-
rib Adb projects to retain and guide the tool-carriage A° adjustable vertically

page_text: by the screw Af, having a lock-nut A above the lug Ada on the bracket, in which
lug the screw operates when rotated to adjust the carriage. The carriage termi-
nates in the split head A adapted to be closed up by screws a and b The
tool-carrier proper is a sleeve V mounted in the head, rendered non-rotatable by
a feather which engages in the rift of the split head. The tool-carrier V extends
longitudinally through the head and above the latter the collar Vis screwed
onto it, the two parts having between them a seat for a ring Vb, which is embraced
by and pivoted to the fork-fingers W of the lever W, fulcrumed on the head at
the upper end of a short link Wb, whose lower end is pivotally connected to a
post A rigid on the arm Aed of the head. The lever W serves thus to lift the
tool-carrier without interfering with the rotation of the collar which, being
rotated, serves to adjust the carrier_vertically. To prevent play in the threads
between the collar and the sleeve I provide a supplement collar V and the
flange V overhanging a recess in the collar Va in which is lodged a spring Vac
reacting against the two collars to spread them and cause them to closely engage
the thread.
A pin secures the two collars against relative rotation after the supplemental
collar has been screwed down sufficiently to put the spring under proper tension.
With the tool-carrier sleeve V at the lower end is a lining sleeve Vd, which is the
lower journal-bearing of the rotating tool-chuck holder V. It has a flange Vda
at the bottom, abutting against the lower end of the sleeve V, and its bore at
the lower end widens downward on a long taper at Vdb. With the tool-carrier V
at the upper part above the head A is a sleeve Ve which serves as the upper
journal-bearing of the rotating tool chuck-holder. It extends above the top of
the sleeve some distance and the pulley VI is journalled outside of it, and to
its upper end above the pulley is screwed a collar Vea which constitutes the lower
ball seat of a thrust-bearing for the tool-chuck-holder V, which extends within
the sleeve Ve and through said collar and is connected back to the pulley out-
side the collar by a coupling Vk. The tool chuck holder V is a sleeve which, at
its lower end, has a long tapering enlargement Va corresponding to the taper
enlargement of the bore of the lining sleeve Vd of the carrier sleeve, and the
extreme lower end of said sleeve V, its own axial bore is reduced at a short
taper Vfb to seat the tapered and split head of the tool-chuck V, which extends
through the whole length of the tool chuck holder V, the tool Vh extending
through the entire extent of said chuck and protruding from both ends. The
coupling Vengages with the hub of the pulley V₁ by means of corresponding
projections and recesses at the proximate ends of said parts respectively, as
illustrated in Fig. 9, and in the chamber of the coupling above the lower ball
seat Ve are housed the upper ball seat V, the adjusting nut V and a spring
and the balls between the two ball seats. The adjusting nut has a set screw ".
The chuck has a collar or flange Vª rigid with it, which stands a little above
the end of the hub of the coupling V, when the chack is forced down into
the taper seat which causes it to grip the tool at the lower end; and onto the
hub which is exteriorly threaded there is screwed the thumb nut Vi which,
engaging above the flange Vga tends to crowd the chuck downward to make it
grasp the tool. The upper end of the chuck is split and provided with a nut VW
to close it up to cause it to grasp the tool at the upper end. V° is a cap apertured
at the center of its head to admit the lower end of the nut Vi, and at its lower
end it is screwed onto the hub of the pulley V, thereby suspending the pulley
from the coupling Vk. The upward pressure of the tool when at work is received
by the balls Va interposed between the lower flanged end you of the sleeve Va
and the ball case V which is screwed onto the lower end of the tool-chuck holder,
said case having a flange or sleeve-like extension V which extends up outside
the flange Vd and outside the lower end of the sleeve V, which is exteriorly
rabbeted to receive said flange within the lower end of the head A. The upper
ball-bearing VP, which takes the downweight of the tool chuck-holder and all

page_text: parts thereon is formed between the ball seat V above the balls and the lower
seat Ves. With this construction the nut when screwed down on the upper
-threaded end of the sleeve Vt operates to close up both ball-bearings. The balls
in each of the bearings are provided with a carrier Vs, illustrated in Fig. 8, which
is in the form of an annular cup having apertures in its bottom-plate through
which sufficient segments of the balls protrude to afford bearing upon the adjacent
seat. This device merely serves to space the balls obviating the necessity of pro-
viding a continuous series in consecutive contact, thereby diminishing friction.
For the purpose of accurate setting of the tool as to depth I provide mounted
upon the forward side of the carrier A at the left of the head Aca a setting device
shown in Figs. 34 and 35, also seen in Figs. 2 and 4. A vertical slide-bearing
plate X is made fast to the forward side of the carriage A°, and a vertical adjust-
able sliding-block or carriage X" is suitably mated with said slide-bearing with
the usual provision for maintaining a close fit. A longitudinal channel at Xb in
the guide-bearing receives the lug X° on the slide-block or carriage and a screw X
journaled and longitudinally stopped in the plate X takes into the lug and there-
by serves to adjust the slide-block. The screw X has a flange X, matching
the flange X, in which the screw is journaled on the plate X, and said flanges have
co-operating parts on the micrometer scale seen in edge elevation on Fig. 34
and by which the adjustment may be accurately made and observed. The block X"
carries a gauge finger Xh mounted at the end of a lever X³, fulcrumed at Xk on
the block, and on said block there is journalled a short shaft or thrust-pivot X¹
and a spring X operates on said shaft to thrust it through its bearing toward
a stop-lug X in line therewith on the slide-block. The lever X2 extends through
the thrust-pivot, having a spring finger X to prevent play at its engagement.
Between the lug X" and the end of the thrust-pivot a gravity indicator Xj is
engaged and adapted to be frictionally upheld. The entire device being adjusted
by the screw X to bring the finger Xh against the working point of a tool which
is properly set as to depth, the finger may then be swung out of the way, turning
on its stem X', and when a tool is subsequently inserted, the gauge finger being
swung back into line under it, the indicator X being lifted and upheld fric-
tionally when the tool is adjusted downwardly in the head, its contact with the
gauge finger and the slightest pressure thereon relieves the indicator of the
friction which upholds it and it falls, indicating instantly to the eye that the
tool has reached the desired point. In setting the tool in the first instance it is
inserted through the chuck V8 and secured temporarily by the nut VW at the
upper end, the nut Vi having been detached from the hub of the coupling Vk and
withdrawn with the chuck is now screwed onto the hub and the chuck is thereby
forced downward and seated at Vfb, whereby the chuck itself is closed up and
caused to grasp the tool at the lower end at the same time that it is centered in
the chuck-holder. The vertical adjustment of the tool with respect to the head is
effected by adjusting the carrier V bodily by means of the collar Va screwed onto
the carrier as above described. In order to lift the tool out of the work without
changing its adjustment, I provide below the collar Va a collar Vt having a
handle Vta and stud-pins Vtb, the latter being adapted to enter recesses in the
upper end of the head and serving as lugs to support the collar and thereby parts
which it lifts, to wit, the entire carrier V. When said collar, being lifted by
means of its handle, is rotated to carry the feet away from the recesses in the
head, so that the collar stands on the top of the head and upholds the carrier,
the gauge or adjustment of the tool may be taken while the parts are in this
position and the tool being then reset with the parts in the same position will
reach to the same depth in the work when the entire carrier is lowered again to
working position.
Many features of the construction of this tool holder are adapted to facilitate
grinding the tool in such manner as to ensure that the tool center coincides with
the axis of its rotation. For this purpose the long chuck which grips the tool

page_text: at the lower end by the same means by which the chuck itself is centered and
which has means for holding the tool at the upper end when the chuck is with-
drawn is especially efficient.
As the means for transmitting vertical movement from the tracer-holder to
the tool-holder I employ a substantially incompressible fluid contained in a duct
connecting cylinders having moving heads which are connected respectively to
the tracer-holder and the tool-holder. And in this connection, the tracer-holder
requires description:-
:-
The standard I supports the crces-head I, rigid at its upper end and projecting
horizontally to overhang the pattern-table O. The cross-head is offset upwardly
at I and again forwardly at Ib and in said terminal portion Ib the tracer-head
is secured. The bar I has two handles Ib and I projecting respectively to the
right and left. The tracer head comprises a sleeve Id, whose lower end is longi-
tudinally split and exteriorly threaded and provided with a nut I° screwed onto
-it to compress it. Fitting closely within it at the upper end and adapted to be
fitted closely at the lower end by means of the nut I° is a sleeve I which extends
above the outer sleeve and within this second sleeve there is telescoped the tracer
holding chuck 1 whose stem projects above the sleeve I and is provided with a
thumb-nut Ih, by the rotation of which the chuck may be drawn upwardly in
the sleeve or allowed to descend. The chuck I at the lower end has an exteriorly
tapered boss I split to constitute the chuck jaws, said boss being seated in a
countersunk or tapered bearing at the end of the sleeve I°, so that the thumb-
nut Ih which draws the chuck upward when properly rotated causes the chuck
to grip the tracer. A screw set through a collar If engages a groove in the
sleeve I and prevents the rotation of the sleeve while permitting its longitudinal
adjustment. The collar 1 is secured to the sleeve 1° above the bar I by the set
screw, and may be adjusted vertically on the sleeve. This collar has V-shaped
points I projecting from its lower side in an axial fore-and-aft plane and
similar points Ib projecting from its upper side in an axial right and left plane.
On a post I on the bar I a lever I is fulcrumed. Its forward end is forked
at I and spans the sleeve I above the collar I. To a lug Ida opposite the
handle I a finger lever I is pivoted which extends to the right over the end
portion Ib of the bar and is bent downward at the right-hand side past the
bar Ib, being apertured to accommodate the sleeve I° in said bar; and upon
the upper side of said lever the downwardly projecting points It" of the collar
bear, while the upwardly projecting points Ith of said collar bear against the
under side of the fingers I of the lever I'. I is a spring-actuated latch pivoted
on the handle I°, its spring It operating to hold the latch in position so that its
shoulder or tooth is engaged under the collar I'. This construction enables the
operator to hold the handle I with the right hand to guide the tracer and with
the fingers of the same hand to operate the lever I to raise the tracer out of
the pattern, the latch I locking it and being disengageable by the pressure of
the thumb while the operator still controls the vertical movement by means
of the handle.
A
Rearwardly of the post I on the bar I is a cylinder I whose piston I con
nected to the yoke I* is thereby attached to the lever I. On the arm Aed of
the tool-carrying head is a cylinder W whose piston stem W protrudes from
the upper end of the cylinder, being provided with a cross-bar w for the attach-
ment of tension springs W* W* tending to hold the piston downward.
spring W attached by means of the yoke W to the lever arm W, and connected
at the lower end to the bar Ad, operates to hold the lever arm W downward.
ZZ Z is a jointed duct whose swivel and hinge joints Z etc.. are liquid-tight,
which constitutes a communicating passage between the two cylinders I and W².
The space underneath both pistons and in the communicating duct being occupied
by the liquid, the pistons on the tracer-carrier being above the lower limit of its
movement in the cylinder and being depressed will force the liquid against the

page_text: piston of the other cylinder and lift the latter, and thus communicate the upward
movement of the tracer which depresses its piston to the tool and cause it to be
also lifted. By varying the diameter of the two cylinders a resultant movement
may be made less or greater than the actuating movement, but for most purposes
for which my machine is intended vertical movement is only necessary to raise
the tool out of and lower it into the work, and no exact relation between the two
movements is essential. The joints Zª are liquid-tight at the couplings, illus
trated in Fig. 42, wherein the two sections of pipe having abutting flanges, one
of which Z is threaded, are united by a coupling Zb screwed onto the threaded
flange and binding against the back of the other flange Zd, anti-friction balls Ze
being interposed, a gasket of suitable compressible material being bound between
the faces of the flanges Zd and Ze, which have annular beads Z which press the
gasket into corrugated form, making annular seats for themselves therein, where-
by kinking of the gasket in the operation of the joints is prevented.
When machines of this character are used for producing type or type matrices
by reduction from the same enlarged patterns, and for producing from the same
pattern both a proportionally reduced punch or matrix,-that is, one in which
the reduction is the same in both dimensions, and also a reduced punch or
matrix for producing what are known as condensed or extended type, that is,
those in which the horizontal dimension is reduced or increased relatively to the
vertical dimension,-there results a change in character or style of the letter
which is not intentionally involved in the condensation or extension. This change
is that the reduction or increase of the horizontal dimension takes effect on the
breadth or weight of the individual vertical lines of the letter as well as upon
the breadth of the letter as a whole, so that, for example, a letter which, produced
by a proportional reduction from the pattern, has its vertical and horizontal lines
of equal weight, when produced in a manner to be condensed, will have its vertical
lines lighter than its horizontal lines. Such an effect is illustrated in Fig. 45,
which shows at No. 1, a letter produced by proportional reduction, having its
horizontal and vertical lines of equal weight, and in comparison therewith, at
No. 2, a letter similar in style, that is, from the same pattern, but made by
adjustment of the machine adapted to condense the letter. Such change in style
is not the purpose of condensing or extending, and in a measure this change
defeats that purpose, which is to provide varieties of type in series or sets adapted
to be used together with harmonious effect, which results from the obvious unity
of style running through all the varieties. To avoid this result, which is one
of the most serious defects in use in this class of machines, I employ a tracer
whose cross-section at the plane at which it abuts against the pattern walls is
oblong, preferably elliptical, the difference in the two dimensions being such
as to approximately compensate for the difference in the ratio of reduction of the
two components of the tracer's movement provided for in the setting of the
machine. The effect of this feature will be best understood by bearing in mind
that when the tracer is following the abutting lines or walls of the pattern, the
path of the axis of the tracer is the real pattern which is reproduced by the tool
at its point, and that the path of the point of the tool is the outline of the printing
face of the letter produced. The relative weights of the horizontal and vertical
lines are preserved practically unchanged in case of cutting a condensed matrix
from a letter pattern by making the excess of the fore-and-aft over the right
and left diameter of the tracer, bear, to the difference between the fore-and-aft
diameter and the width of the fore-and-aft line space in the pattern, the ratio
of condensation; and for cutting a condensed punch, by making the excess of the
right-and-left over the fore-and-aft dimension of the tracer, bear, to the sum
of the width of the fore-and-aft line on the pattern and the right-and-left dimen-
sion, the ratio of condensation, and in case of cutting an extended matrix, by
making the excess of the right-and-left over the fore-and-aft dimension of the
tracer, bear, to the difference between the width of the line space on the pattern

page_text: and said fore-and-aft dimension, the ratio of extension, and in case of cutting
an extended punch, by making the excess of the fore-and-aft over the right-and-
left dimension of the tracer, bear, to the sum of said fore-and-aft dimension and
the width of the fore-and-aft line of the pattern, the ratio of extension.
This method of constructing and using a tracer is illustrated in Figs. 43 and 44
of the drawings, wherein a block or Gothic letter "H" is taken as an illustration.
In reducing proportionally, the tracer point will be circular and may have, for
example, the diameter of a circle 3. The actual path followed by the tracer axis
in a pattern for a matrix is indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 43. For condens-
ing the letter, say one-fifth, in order to avoid condensing the vertical lines, the
tracer will be in cross-section of the oval form shown at 4, whereby it is able to
travel with its axis nearer the side line of the vertical line space of the letter,
and so obtain a range of right-and-left movement for the purpose of working out
the width of the vertical line space in the matrix, greater than the circular tracer
has, to the extent of the difference between the diameter of the circular tracer
and the reduced right-and-left diameter of the oval tracer. If this excess is the
fraction of the whole width of the line which is expressed by the ratio of con-
densation, such condensation will be compensated thereby. It will be understood
that the greatest diameter of the oval tracer will be the diameter of the original
circular tracer, since, otherwise, the horizontal lines would be affected. If an
extended matrix is to be cut from the same pattern, the tracer will be made in
cross-section of the form shown at 5, the right-and-left diameter being increased
above the diameter of the original circular tracer (which latter diameter remains
the lesser diameter of the oval tracer) an amount which bears to the entire width
of that line space, the ratio of extension; for thereby the tracer is able to follow
a path farther removed from the side-wall of the vertical line space of the pattern
than that followed by the circular tracer, to the extent of the increased radius,
and is thereby able to compass in its work a cavity less in width than the circular
tracer compassed by the amount of increase in diameter. And, if this increase
is the fraction of the width of the line-space which is expressed by the ratio of
extension, compensation is effected. In Fig. 44, a punch pattern is shown, and
without further analysis it will be understood that since the actual area compassed
by the tracer is in this case the sum of the width of the line-rib or up-raise of
the pattern and the diameter of the tracer, the conditions are reversed in the
manner expressed above. In this figure, the circle 3, as before, representing the
cross-section of the circular tracer, the circle 6 represents the cross-section of a
tracer for producing a condensed punch, and 7 the cross-section of a tracer for
producing an extended punch.
It will be seen that for letters whose vertical lines are not all of the samo
weight or breadth, and especially in letters having curved shades, or swell shades
in straight lines, this expedient of an oval tracer affords only approximate
compensation for the error resulting, as pointed out in the use of the machine
for making condensed or extended punches or matrices. By treating, however,
the average width of the several lines, or of the lines of varying width to be
considered, and making the tracer of a diameter suitable for such assumed average
width, it is possible, with rare exceptions, to so far compensate for the error in
question, as to make the error unnoticable to the eye.
Dated this 4th day of March 1898.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Punch and Matrix Making, Die
Cutting, and Engraving Machinery.
I, NICHOLAS DEDRICK, of the City of Manitowoc, County of Manitowoc, and
State of Wisconsin, in the United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to mechanism for cutting either raised or intaglio designs
in metal or other suitable substance for the purpose of punches or dies or engraving
plates; and it is particularly designed for doing such work in the form necessary
for the purpose of making printing type, the dies being of the nature of matrices
for use in type casting machines, and the punches being for use in sinking such
dies by driving, as well understood. The particular class of machines to which
my invention pertains is that in which the course of the cutting tool upon the
block or plate upon which it operates to produce the die or punch, is guided and
controlled by mechanical reducing mechanisms connected with a tracer which
follows a pattern or templet upon a large scale of letter, or other form to be pro-
duced in the die or punch, without limitation, however, as to whether it is the
block or tool that moves in the cutting action, or as to whether it is the tracer
or pattern that moves in the tracing action.
My invention comprises, as to its leading features:-
First Devices by means of which from direct or ortho-lineal patterns, an
italicized or oblique reproduction can be made, and in connection with this leading
feature, it consists of specific means for communicating the two components of the
tracer's movement of the tool or work-holder in the process of reproducing the
outline of the patterns in different sizes, and specific means for controlling the
ratio of reproduction, and for controlling, independently of each other, the ratios
of reproduction of the two components of the tracer's movement, that is to say,
the ratios in which the two components of the tracer's action are modified in the
reproduction.
Second: It comprises, further, in the mechanism for transmitting the move-
ments of the tracer to the tool or work holder, endless ball bearings between the
parts which slide one upon another having endless tracks for the balls, and specific
devices for adjusting such bearings and for protecting the balls in such tracks.
Third: It comprises specific mechanisms for the purpose of holding punch
blanks, other specific mechanisms for holding matrix blanks, and other specific
mechanisms for holding plates to be engraved or cut into patterns, and expedients
for guiding the tracer carrier in direct and parallel lines in forming such patterns;
each and all of these specific attachments being essential to the complete utility
of the machine which is designed to perform all three sorts of work.
Fourth It comprises further mechanism in the tool-carrying head and as a
part thereof, for adapting the tool to be withdrawn for sharpening and replaced
or exchanged for another tool without liability to vary the depth of cut, and with-
out the necessity for re-setting in respect to such depth, and in connection with
this purpose, it includes mechanism for very accurately setting the tool as to its
depth of cut, and for varying such depth at will without preventing the instan-
taneous complete withdrawal of the tool from the work and return to the same.
Fifth It comprises means for causing the vertical movement of the tracer to be
communicated to the tool, such means being adapted to comunicate said move-
ment with equal accuracy and efficiency notwithstanding variations in proportions
:

page_text: and notwithstanding the oblique distortion which may be caused for the purpose of
italicizing.
Sixth It comprises further means for preventing the variations in the ratios
of reproduction in the components of the tracer's movement, which are made for
the purpose of condensing or extending the letters from otherwise distorting them
or changing the style.
For the more perfect understanding of the nature of my invention in its several
parts above outlined, reference may be had to the drawings left with my Provisional
Specification in which;
-
Fig. 1 is a general pian of a machine embodying my invention.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the portion of said machine constituting the
pattern holding stand and the tracer carrier.
Fig. is an elevation looking in the same direction as Fig. 3, of the tool and
work carrying portion of the machine, the pantograph and lever connections there-
from to the tracer-head and the base, being cut at an intermediate point between
the two.
Fig. 5 is a detail plan showing the pantograph and lever connections between
the tracer carrier and the work carrier and said carriers adjusted to translate the
fore and aft movements of the tracer into oblique movement of the work, as for
producing an italic letter from ortho-lineal design.
Fig. is a detail fore and aft axial section of the tool holder head showing
the tool therein.
Fig. 7 is a detail section at the line 7-7 on Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a plan of a ball controlling device for a ball bearing in said head.
Fig. 9 is an elevation of a coupling sleeve on said head.
Fig. 10 is a perspective of the tool setting collar thereon.
Fig. 11 is a detail plan of the work carrier with a form of work holder adapted
for holding punch blanks mounted thereon.
Fig. 12 is a section at the line 12-12 on Fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a detail plan of the fore and aft slide way of the work carrier.
Figs. 14 and 15 are detail sections at the lines 14-14 and 15-15, respectively,
on Figs. 2 and 12, showing certain endless tracks or courses for balls constituting
anti-friction bearings for the sliders, said views illustrating also a construction
which would be shown at the planes of the sections indicated on Figs. 3 and 4 by
the lines 14-14" and 15”—15” on said figures, the proportions or dimensions at
such sections, however, not necessarily agreeing with those of Figs. 14 and 15.
Fig. 16 is a detail section at the line 16-16 on Fig. 12.
Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, are detail sections at the lines 17-17, 18-18,
19-19, 20-20 and 21-21, respectively on Fig. 1 showing the structure of the
anti-friction pivotal and sliding joints of the pantograph and lever systems which
connect the sliders of the two compound beds.
Figs. 22 and 23 are respectively plan and elevation of a sliding pivot block for
certain lever connections.
Fig. 24 is a detail section at the line 24-24 of Fig. 11.
Fig. 25 is a detail front elevation of a work holder for punch blanks.
Fig. 26 is a detail rear left hand corner elevation of the same.
Fig. 27 is a detail section at 27-27 on Fig. 25.
Fig. 28 is a plan of a work holder suitable for holding die blocks.
Fig. 29 is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 30 is a section at the line 30-30 on Fig. 29.
Fig. 31 is a section at the line 31-31 on Fig. 28.
Fig. 32 is a plan of a holder for plates to be engraved or cut for patterns.
Fig. 33 is a detail section at the line 33-33 on Fig. 32.
Fig. 34 is a detail front elevation of the tool holder head showing a setting
device thereon.
Fig. 35 is a section at the line 35-35 on Fig. 34.

page_text: Fig. 36 is a detail section at the line 36-36 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 37 is an axial section of the tracer holder.
Fig. 38 is a perspective of a pivotal lifting collar on the tracer holding chuck.
Fig. 39 is a detail section of a gauge stop collar pertaining to a guiding device
on the tracer carrier traveller.
Fig. 40 is an elevation of a latch associated therewith.
Fig. 41 is a plan of the pantograph showing an attachment thereto for the
purpose of improving its action when adjusted for reducing at very large rates.
Fig. 42 is a detail section of a pipe-joint in a duct extending between the tracer
head and the tool-head.
Figs. 43 and 44 are respectively plans of patterns for a matrix and punch for
a gothic letter H.
Fig. 45 represents two letters H cut from the same pattern by adjustment
for condensing, using a round tracing tool.
I will now describe in detail the mechanism illustrated in these drawings. It
comprises a base upon which are mounted two carriers, cach carrier comprising
two travellers mounted one upon the other, and having movement in guideways
transverse to each other. The upper traveller of one carrier carries a tracer and
the upper traveller of the other carrier carries the work to be cut. The tracer
overhangs the pattern table, and the work is overhung by a tool head. (The trans-
position of the tracer or pattern, or transposition of the work and tool, would not
involve a departure from the substance of my invention.)
The movement of the two travellers of the tracer carrier are communicated to
the corresponding travellers of the work carrier by mechanical connections which
are independent of each other, and are independently adjustable to vary the
ratio of increase or reduction of the movements of the travellers, respectively, so
that the two components of the movement may be independently variable."
The guideways of the upper traveller are made angularly adjustable upon the
lower traveller, each adjustment being independent of the other, and this adjust-
ment constitutes the means of varying the angle between the directions of the
movements of the two travellers of either carrier and constitutes the principal
means for translating the direct movement of the carrier into oblique movement of
the work in order to produce from a direct or ortho-lineal pattern, an oblique form
or italicized letter.
A is a rigid base. The tracer carrier comprises a track plate B for a
iraveller B, on which a second track-plate Bd is supported to guide a second
traveller B, which is mounted upon said second track plate. The track plates
are angularly adjustable upon their respective supports having segmental slots 6"
and bd in flanges Bª and Bd, and secured by bolts A and be respectively.
The work carrier comprises the track-plate H, secured to the base A by bolts Aª
through segmental slots hª, through flanges H on said track-plate; a traveller H°
having fore-and-aft movement on said track-plate, the second track plate Hd
secured to the traveller by bolts h through segmental slots H2 in flanges Hd2, and
the upper traveller H operating on said upper track plate and supporting the
work holder secured thereto and hereinafter described.
The fore and aft movement of the lower traveller of the tracer carrier is trans-"
mitted to the corresponding traveller of the work carrier by a lever Pb, which
obtains an adjustable fulcrum on the block A which slides on the arm A°, which
may be secured at any selected position as Ab Ab etc. on the base A, said arm
being adjustable by sliding and rotation of its support and being adapted to be
secured rigidly as thus adjusted. The lever Pb has sliding pivotal connection to
the lower travellers of the carriers respectively in the slotted cross heads of the
T shaped arms P and Q adjustable fore and aft on said travellers, respectively, as
illustrated in respect to the traveller of the work-carrier in Fig. 12, being secured
on the traveller by means of rabbeted clamps qe fastened by the screws qaa
and b, the pivotal connection of the lever being obtained by means of the
pivot slides Pe in the cross heads P and Q of the arms P and Q respectively,

page_text: said slides being longitudinally split and provided with spreading screws P and
corner rolls Pc to prevent friction and take up lost motion.
The movement of the upper traveller of the tracer carrier is communicated to
the corresponding traveller of the work carrier by a pantograph system which
comprises lever bars R, R, Rb and Rª, R and Rª being pivoted together and Ri
and R being likewise pivoted together, the bar Rb having adjustable pivotal con-
nection with the bar R, and the bar R having similar adjustable pivotal con-
nection with the bar R, after the familiar construction of adjustable pantographs.
The lever R is pivotally attached to the upper traveller of the tracer carrier and
the remote end of the lever Rª constitutes the fixed fulcrum of the pantograph,
the actuating connection of the pantograph to the traveller of the work carrier
being made at the pivotal junction of the levers Rb and R. The connection of
the lever R to the upper traveller of the tracer carrier is made at a pivot block Bob,
adjustably secured by a set screw be in a bar Bea secured to said traveller by
arms The fulcrum connection of the bar Rª is made by pivoting said bar
at 7 to an arm Hde which projects from the top of a post Hdd adjustably secured
by the set screw hdd on the bar Hd rigid with the track plate Hd of the work
carrier. The actuating connection of the pantograph to the work carrier traveller
is made at the pivot b which connects the bars Rb and R° by means of a sliding
pivot block similar to Pe having corner rolls Rb which is guided fore and aft in
the slot of an arm H secured with capacity for angular adjustment to the
traveller Hd.
The adjustable sliding pivotal connections of the pantograph arms Rb and R° to
the arms R and R are made by blocks R³, as shown in Fig. 17 having dovetail
sliding seats for the bars respectively and set screws s to secure them the blocks
being pivoted back to back. These and all other joints of the pantograph have
ball-bearings which take all the friction off the pivot bolt and prevent play, balls
being interposed between the blocks R in V-shaped grooves a washer Rs in
the lower block having ball tracks facing like tracks on said block, and a bolt b
being set into the upper block and by its head binding under the washer. With
similar effect at the pantograph fulcrum joint, as seen in Fig. 21, a washer R
under the head of the bolt r, retains balls between itself and the
bar R. In the joint between the bars Rb and R as seen in Fig. 18
a washer Ri is employed for a like purpose below the lower bar. In
this joint the pivot bolt has the shoulder bb, which stops against the under
side of the washer R. Fig. 19 shows another of the pantograph joints between
the bars R and Ra, in which a washer Rk is employed with the same effect as at the
fulcrum joint above described. At the pivot of the lever Pb to the arm A° an
analogous construction is employed, the pivot bolt Pbb having a ball track on the
under side of its head or shoulder (see Fig. 20).
When the pantograph mechanism is set for reduction in a high ratio, as for
example, to 1-100th of the pattern, the pivot between the bars Rb and Re, for
example is almost directly under the pantograph fulcrum, and even in case of
reduction in less ratio the distance between the axes of these pivots is less than
the diameter of the pivot bearings. In such adjustments greater certainty of
-action is given to the pantograph by employing a supplemental device shown
in Fig. 41, comprising a lever R* fulcrumed at the middle point of the lever R,
connected at its forward end by a link R³ to the middle point of the lever R and
at its rear end by an extensible link R ² to a sliding pivot block R" on the
lever R the length of the lever R* being equal to that of the lever R, the link R'
being half that length. The pivot block R mounted on the bar R° so that
the distance between the pivots of the link R* and the bar R° to the lever Rª
is half the length of the lever R* or the full length of the link R. This is
accomplished by providing the block R" with a spacing rod which abuts against
the block R on the lever R. When this device is put into place the two part
link is adjusted so that the distance between the pivotal connections of said
link with the block R" and the lever R*, respectively, is equal to the distance from

page_text: the pivotal connection of the levers R and R to the pivotal connection of the
levers R and Rª. Thus applied the movement is communicated with mathe-
matical exactness, but the power being applied upon the lever R by connection
with the long arm of that lever liability to spring the arm or crowd the pivots is
avoided.
Ball bearings are provided for all the travellers in their respective tracks as F
and F, and said tracks are constructed not only for guidance of the travellers in
their horizontal movement, but also to retain them against vertical displacement
by means of overhanging flanges 13ª D" on the broad rib D which is formed upon
each of the track plates, said ribs D extending up past and the flanges I)" D
overhanging, dependent L-shaped flanges Ee on the travellers. At one side of
each traveller to take up any lateral play, I provide such dependent flange on an
L-shaped gib Eb, springs Eb being lodged between the gib and the side flange a
of the traveller to automatically set the gib clamp screws Eb being provided to
secure the gib and stop screws eb, being set through the flange e to prevent the
displacement of the gib. When the clamp screws are released the spring auto-
matically sets the gib and the clamp screws being tightened to hold it, che stop-
screws may be set up without danger of crowding the gib and indenting the
balls. The ball bearings, it will be observed, are provided not only at the tracks
on which the travellers rest by gravity, but at the guide ways between the engaged
flanges described. To prevent the escape of the balls at the ends of their tracks
I make the latter endless by means of return bends G G and G" G" secured to one
of the parts at the ends and leading to return courses f and fa in one of said
parts. The return bends may also carry extensions Gb to cover the ball tracks
where they would otherwise be exposed at one end when the traveller was at the
other end.
Upon the work carrier may be mounted any suitable work holder. Three such
work holders are shown, one for a punch blank, one for a matrix or die blank, and
one for a plate to be cut or engraved. A universally adjustable bed is desirable to
support either one of these holders. Such bed comprises a track plate J secured
and angularly adjustable upon the traveller H by means of bolts ja through
seginental slots J. On the dove tail rib jb of this plate the work bed Jb is mounted
and slides, controlled by screw Jd having a milled head Ja", and extending into a
channel Jb in the rib and engaging a lug Jea which projects from the bed Jb into
the channel. On a rib Jbd on the bed Jb a second bed Je slides transversely to the
sliding movement of said bed Jb, being adjustable by a screw J', having a milled
head J engaging a lug Jea. The bed Je has T-shaped channels Jeb in its upper
surface for securing a work holder. A work holder for a punch blank is shown
in Figs. 11, 12, 25, 26 and 27. It comprises a right angular post J³ secured by a
bolt through the foot flange Ja to the bed J and a right angular frame K
which operates as a clamp for the blank punch having flanges K at the vertical
edges and within such flanges gibs Kb operated by screws K and guided by
screws Kd in slots k k. A vertical adjusting screw K is journalled outside the
post J in lugs Jb and a nut K' on this screw has a finger Kb extending through
a slot J and taking into the work holder clamp K so that when by means of
its milled head K the screw K is rotated the clamp is adjusted vertically. To
insure accuracy and prevent play, the finger Kb which engages the clamp K,
is split and a screw K having a tapered head which enters the split is drawn
thereinto by a nut KP to spread the split finger and cause it to take firm hold of
the clamp. For a like purpose the nut K is split so that it may be clamped onto
the thread of an adjusting screw by the screw Kfd. When the clamp K is adjusted
it is-secured firmly to the post J by a stud screw Kh which protrudes from the
corner or angle of the clamp through a slot J at the angle of the post and
receives the binding nut Kh against a washer Kbb outside the angle.
For a matrix blank I use a holder shown in Figs. 28, 29, 30 and 31. It has a
base plate L secured to the bed Je by the screws and flanged nuts engaging the
slots of the bed. A bed Lb slides on the base, guided by a rib L' and kept snug

page_text: by a gib L. This bed has a bridge plate Lb separating two channels whose
forward walls are open between said bridge plate and corner posts Lbb Lbb
which are connected by a top bar Lb. The rear wall has a top nange plate the
overhanging the chambers. Travellers Lbb are guided longitudinally by engage-
ment in channels Lbe in the bottom of the chambers and are actuated longitudinally
therein by screws Lb set through plates Lbf at the ends of the carriage. A vertical
threaded stem Li of each traveller carries a sleeve Lb on which a jaw Lb is
journalled and stopped vertically by the flange Lb on the sleeve b, being
stopped against rotation on the sieeve by the sides of the chamber, whereby the
rotation of the sleeve on the threaded stem adjusts the jaw vertically without
rotating it. The jaws are rabbetted at Lb and have horizontally pivoted cheek
levers, on and against whose fingers M and M the blanks lodge, the pivot of
the cheek levers being below and rearward from both the fingers. A blank
shown at N in Fig. 29 long enough to engage under the bar L and under the
Hange be, being lodged on the finger M", leans against the finger Mb and as the
Jaw is advanced to bring the face of the blank against the bridge Lbd, the finger Mb
being pushed back, the finger M" is tilted up and carries the blank up snugly
against the bar and flange at the top, so that it is gauged by its top face which is
to be cut and by its vertical face against the bridge.
The matrix holder is provided with two seats for blanks because the work, pro-
ducing a type matrix for example, requiring change of tool, and such change
consuming considerable time involving setting, it is desirable to operate with the
same tool as long as possible thereby diminishing changes. Two or more blanks
being secured at once in the holder, the first process of roughing out may be
performed on all the blanks so mounted before the tool is changed and, the change
of tool being made all will then be finished. When a matrix is made by reduc-
tion from a pattern say fifty times the dimensions of the matrix which is not
unusual in order to carry the work laterally the distance necessary to bring the tool
from a given point on one matrix to the corresponding point on the other, the
travel necessary to be given the work holder covers the width of the bridge plate
and in addition, the width of the lateral margins on both the blanks adjacent the
bridge plate, so that, for example, in case of matrices for letters whose total
dimension laterally would be say one sixteenth of an inch the lateral shifting
necessary to cover the interval occupied by the two margins and the bridge would
be probably half an inch, eight times the width of the latter. To make this shift
by the same means by which the ordinary lateral movements of the tool in doing
its work are made, that is, by moving the tracer over the pattern table a corre-
sponding distance would involve, in the case of a fifty to one reduction, twenty five
inches of such movement.
This would require impracticable extent of pattern table and lateral bearings
and connections. In order to avoid this trouble and adapt the machine to work
from two patterns close together on the pattern table to two matrices in the work
holder separated the distance which they must be separated, as above explained,
I provide for shifting the matrix holder carriage bodily, independently of the
movements which are transmitted from the tracer carrier, and for this purpose a
lever L fulcrumed at its rear end on the base L, extends through the slot Lb
in the carriage underneath the chambers; and upon the forward side of the base
an upwardly notched segment L', having V-shaped notches is engaged by the
V shaped noses of two spring actuated dogs L and L pivoted on the lever Ld
the distance between the noses of the dogs being not an exact multiple of the
width of the notches of the segment. Stop screws Lou are set through the
plates Lbf and stop against the ends of the base L, being provided lock
nuts Lb. These screws may be adjusted by the operator to allow the carriage
to be shifted just the amount necessary to compensate for the difference, in their
respective proportions, between the space allowed on the pattern table between
the patterns and the space required in the work holder between the blanks. The
carriage being set up to either stop the dogs will engage the notches on the

page_text: segment, but it will not be possible for both dogs to engage fully at the same
time. If one dog happens to coincide exactly with a notch the other dog will
strike the inclined side of a tooth and operate merely to prevent any play.
Usually neither dog will accurately engage a notch but both will lodge upon
inclined sides, and by making the space between the points of the dogs greater
than a full multiple of the space between the teeth by the amount of only per-
ceptibly more than half one such space, the dogs will always lodge upon oppositely
inclined faces of the teeth.
For holding plates to be engraved or cut into patterns, the work holder
in Figs. 32 and 33 is used. It comprises a bed Y adapted to be secured on the
bed J by the bolt y, whose head engages the T-shaped channels of the bed Je.
For the purpose of tightening these bolts I employ the screws Yb, taper-pointed
at yb to enter the V-shaped lateral notch y" in the bolts and to insure disen-
gagement a small spring may be lodged above the bolts y. The upper face
of the bed Y has the familiar form of undercut or T-shaped grooves Yo, arranged
at different distances and intersecting at right angles, and one edge of the bed
has a flange Y. Clamps Y° connected by screws Y to slides Y which engage
the channels serve to bind the plate to be cut against the lateral flange Ya.
no
On this holder patterns for use in making matrices or punches may be cut from
drawings mounted on the pattern table, and for such work the skill of the operator
is required to keep the tracer following the lines of the pattern. No substitute
can be provided for such skill in case of irregular lines, but for straight lines I
provide guiding devices as follows: Upon each traveller of the tracer carrier,
at the forward edge of the right and left traveller and at the right hand end of
the fore and aft traveller I mount in lugs Bh rods B, and on each rod a
plurality of stops represented in Figs. 39 and 40, comprising each a two part
collar B provided with a set screw Bk for securing it adjustably to the rod and
a rotatable disk B' retained between the two parts of the collar and having a
finger B and a stop tooth b. Fixed with respect to the path over which the
traveller moves and midway its extreme limits I provide on the track plate an
abutment BP, which stands in the path of the tooth when the disk B is adjusted
so that the tooth projects downward. When a design to be traced contains direct
fore and aft lines one of the clips of the right and left traveller will be set to
collide with the abutment BP at the proper point to bring the tracer over such
fore and aft lines, and the operator can then trace such lines by a direct fore
and aft movement of the tracer, only applying slight lateral pressure in the
direction to hold the stop against abutment. So when a direct right and left
line is to be traced a stop on the fore and aft traveller may be set to collide with
the abutment when the tracer is over the right and left line. For a similar pur-
pose but better adapted to following a large number of parallel lines, as in
engraving plates, for surface shading, and the like, I employ a device shown in
Fig. 36 consisting of a clamping wedge B secured on a spring finger B on the
under side of each traveller of the tracer carrier. A screw B is set into the
traveller from the edge, parallel with the guide ways and provided with a taper
point adapted to operate upon the inclined face of the wedge to force it toward
the track plate and thereby bind the traveller rigidly to the track plate. This
being done, the tracer will evidently be capable of only one movement, namely, in
the direction permitted by the traveller which is not thus bound.
For the tool holding and operating mechanism at the left hand end of the
base A. I mount a rigid bracket Ad having vertical face Ada from which a guide-
rib Adb projects to retain and guide the tool carriage A* adjustable vertically
by the screw A', having a lock nut A above the lug Ada on the bracket, in which
lug the screw operates when rotated to adjust the carriage. The carriage termi-
nates in the split head A adanted to be closed up by screws a and a. The
tool carrier proper is a sleeve V mounted in the head, rendered non rotatable by
a feather which engages in the rift of the split head. The tool carrier V extends
longitudinally through the head and above the latter the collar Va, " is screwed
onto it, the two parts having between them a seat for a ring Vb which is embraced

page_text: by and pivoted to the fork fingers W₁ of the lever W, fulcrumed on the head at
the upper end of a short link W whose lower end is pivotally connected to a
post A rigid on the arm Aed of the head. The lever W serves thus to lift the
tool carrier without interfering with the rotation of the ring which, being
rotated, serves to adjust the carrier vertically. To prevent play in the threads
between the collar and the sleeve I provide a supplement collar Ve and the
flange V overhanging a recess in the collar Va in which is lodged a spring Vac
reacting against the two collars to spread them and cause them to closely engage
the thread.
A pin secures the two collars against relative rotation after the supplemental
collar has been screwed down sufficiently to put the spring under proper tension.
Within the tool carrier sleeve V at the lower end is a lining sleeve Vd which is the
lower journal-bearing of the rotating tool chuck holder V. It has a flange Vda
at the bottom, abutting against the lower end of the sleeve V, and its bore at
the lower end widens downward on a long taper at Vdb. With the tool carrier V
at the upper part above the head A" is a sleeve Ve which serves as the upper
journal bearing of the rotating tool chuck holder. It extends above the top of
the sleeve V some distance and the pulley V₁ is journalled outside of it, and to
its upper end above the pulley is screwed a collar Vea which constitutes the lower
ball seat of a thrust bearing for the tool chuck holder V which extends within
the sleeve V and through said collar and is connected back to the pulley out-
side the collar by a coupling Vk. The tool chuck holder V is a sleeve which at
its lower end, has a long tapering enlargement Via corresponding to the taper
enlargement of the bore of the lining sleeve Vd of the carrier sleeve, and the
extreme lower end of said sleeve V, its own axial bore is reduced at a short
taper Vb to seat the tapered and split head of the tool chuck V8 which extends
through the whole length of the tool chuck holder V the tool Vh extending
through the entire extent of said chuck and protruding from both ends. The
coupling V engages with the hub of the pulley V₁ by means of corresponding
projections and recesses at the proximate ends of said parts respectively, as
illustrated in Fig. 9 and in the chamber of the coupling above the lower ball
seat are housed the upper ball seat V, the adjusting nut V and a spring "
and the balls between the two ball seats. The adjusting nut has a set screw v.
The chuck V has a collar or flange V rigid with it, which stands a little above
the end of the hub Vk of the coupling V when the chuck is forced down into
the taper seat which causes it to grip the tool at the lower end; and onto the
hub Vk which is exteriorly threaded there is screwed the thumb nut Vi which
engaging above the flange V tends to crowd the chuck downward to make it
grasp the tool. The upper end of the chuck is split and provided with a nut V
to close it up to cause it to grasp the tool at the upper end. Vo is a cap apertured
at the center of its head to admit the lower end of the nut Vi and at its lower
end it is screwed onto the hub of the pulley V thereby suspending the pulley
from the coupling Vk. The upward pressure of the tool when at work is received
by the balls va interposed between the lower flanged end Vda of the sleeve Va
and the ball case V' which is screwed onto the lower end of the tool chuck holder,
said case having a flange or sleeve like extension V which extends up outside
the flange Vda and outside the lower end of the sleeve V, which is exteriorly
rabbeted to receive said flange within the lower end of the head A. The upper
ball bearing VP which takes the downweight of the tool chuck holder and all
parts thereon is formed between the ball seat V above the balls and the lower
seat Vea.
With this construction the nut V when screwed down on the upper
threaded end of the sleeve VI operates to close up both ball bearings. The balls
in each of the bearings are provided with a carrier V, illustrated in Fig. 8 which
is in the form of an annular cup having apertures in its bottom plate through
which sufficient segments of the balls protrude to afford bearing upon the
adjacent seat. This device merely serves to space the balls obviating the
necessity of providing a continuous series in consecutive contact, thereby
diminishing friction.

page_text: For the purpose of accurate setting of the tool as to depth I provide mounted
upon the forward side of the carrier A° at the left of the head Ae a setting device
shown in Figs. 34 and 35 also seen in Figs. 2 and 4. A vertical slide bearing
plate X is made fast to the forward side of the carriage A and a vertical adjust-
able sliding block or carriage X is suitably mated with said slide bearing with
the usual provision for maintaining a close fit. A longitudinal channel at Xb in
the guide bearing receives the lug X on the slide block or carriage and a screw X*
journalled and longitudinally stopped in the plate X takes into the lug and there-
by serves to adjust the slide block. The screw Xe has a flange X matching
the flange X in which the screw is journalled on the plate X, and said flanges have
co-operating parts on the micrometer scale seen in edge elevation on Fig. 34
and by which the adjustment may be accurately made and observed. The block X*
carries a gauge finger X mounted at the end of a lever X fulcrumed at Xk on
the block, and on said block there is journalled a short shaft or thrust pivot X!
and a spring X" operates on said shaft to thrust it through its bearing toward
a stop lug in line therewith on the slide block. The lever X extends through
the thrust pivot, having a spring finger Xia to prevent play at its engagement.
Between the lug X and the end of the thrust pivot a gravity indicator X³ is
engaged and adapted to be frictionally upheld. The entire device being adjusted
by the screw Xe to bring the finger X against the working point of a tool which
is properly set as to depth, the finger may then be swung out of the way, turning
on its stem X and when a tool is subsequently inserted, the gauge finger being
swung back into line under it, the indicator X being lifted and upheld fric-
tionally when the tool is adjusted downwardly in the head, its contact with the
gauge finger and the slightest pressure thereon relieves the indicator of the
friction which upholds it and it falls, indicating instantly to the eye that the
tool has reached the desired point. In setting the tool in the first instance it is
inserted through the chuck V and secured temporarily by the nut V at the
upper end, the nut Vi having been detached from the hub of the coupling Vk and
withdrawn with the chuck is now screwed onto the hub and the chuck is thereby
forced downward and seated at Vfb, whereby the chuck itself is closed up and
caused to grasp the tool at the lower end at the same time that it centered in
the chuck holder. The vertical adjustment of the tool with respect to the head is
effected by adjusting the carrier V bodily by means of the collar Va screwed onto
the carrier as above described. In order to lift the tool out of the work without
changing its adjustment, I provide below the collar V a collar Vt having a
handle Vt and stud-pins Vtb, the latter being adapted to enter recesses in the
upper end of the head and serving as lugs to support the collar and thereby parts
which it lifts, to wit, the entire carrier V. When said collar, being lifted by
means of its handle, is rotated to carry the feet away from the recesses in the
head, so that the collar stands on the top of the head and upholds the carrier,
the gauge or adjustment of the tool may be taken while the parts are in this
position and the tool being then reset with the parts in the same position will
reach to the same depth in the work when the entire carrier is lowered again to
working position.
Many features of the construction of this tool holder are adapted to facilitate
grinding the tool in such manner as to ensure that the tool centre coincides with
the axis of its rotation. For this purpose the long chuck which grips the tool
at the lower end by the same means by which the chuck itself is centered and
which has means for holding the tool at the upper end when the chuck is with-
drawn is especially efficient.
As the means for transmitting vertical movement from the tracer holder to
the tool holder I employ a substantially incompressible fluid contained in a duct
connecting cylinders having moving heads which are connected respectively to
the tracer holder and the tool-holder. And in this connection, the tracer holder
requires description:→

page_text: The standard I supports the cross head I", rigid at its upper end and projecting
horizontally to overhang the pattern table O. The cross head is off set upwardly
at I and again forwardly at I'b and in said terminal portion Ib the tracer head
is secured. The bar I" has two handles Ib and I projecting respectively to the
right and left. The tracer head comprises a sleeve I whose lower end is longi-
tudinally split and exteriorly threaded and provided with a nut I screwed onto
it to compress it. Fitting closely within it at the upper end and adapted to be
fitted closely at the lower end by means of the nut I is a sleeve I which extends
above the outer sleeve and within this second sleeve there is telescoped the tracer
holding chuck I whose stem projects above the sleeve I and is provided with a
thumb-nut I by the rotation of which the chuck may be drawn upwardly in
the sleeve or allowed to descend. The chuck 18 at the lower end has an exteriorly
tapered boss I split to constitute the chuck jaws, said boss being seated in a
countersunk or tapered bearing at the end of the sleeve so that the thumb
nut 1¹ which draws the chuck upward when properly rotated causes the chuck
to grip the tracer. A screw set through a collar If engages a groove in the
sleeve I and prevents the rotation of the sleeve while permitting its longitudinal
adjustment. The collar If is secured to the sleeve I° above the bar I by the set
screw, and may be adjusted vertically on the sleeve. This collar has V-shaped
points Ifa projecting from its lower side in an axial fore and aft plane and
similar points Ib projecting from its upper side in an axial right and left plane.
On a post I on the bar Iª a lever I is fulcrumed. Its forward end is forked
at I and spans the sleeve I above the collar If. To a lug Ida opposite the
handle I° a finger lever I is pivoted which extends to the right over the end
portion I of the bar and is bent downward at the right hand side past the
bar I, being apertured to accommodate the sleeve I in said bar; and upon
the upper side of said lever the downwardly projecting points It of the collar
bear, while the upwardly projecting joints Ifb of said collar bear against the
under side of the fingers I of the lever I'. I is a spring actuated latch pivoted
on the handle I°, its spring It operating to hold the latch in position so that its
shoulder or tooth is engaged under the collar I'. This construction enables the
operator to hold the handle I with the right hand to guide the tracer and with
the fingers of the same hand to operate the lever I" to raise the tracer out of
the pattern, the latch I locking it and being disengageable by the pressure of
the thumb while the operator still controls the vertical movement by means
of the handle.
A
Rearwardly of the post I on the bar I is a cylinder I whose piston I con-
nected to the yoke I is thereby attached to the lever I, I. On the arm Ad of
the tool carrying head is a cylinder W whose piston stem W protrudes from
the upper end of the cylinder, being provided with a cross bar w for the attach-
ment of tension springs W* W* tending to hold the piston downward.
spring W attached by means of the yoke W to the lever arm W, and connected
at the lower end to the bar A operates to hold the lever arm W downward.
ZZZ is a jointed duct whose swivel and hinge joints Z etc. are liquid tight,
which constitutes a communicating passage between the two cylinders I and W.
The space underneath both pistons and in the communicating duct being occupied
by the liquid, the pistons on the tracer carrier being above the lower limit of its
movement in the cylinder and being depressed will force the liquid against the
piston of the other cylinder and lift the latter and thus communicate the upward
movement of the tracer which depresses its piston to the tool and cause it to be
also lifted. By varying the diameter of the two cylinders a resultant movement
may be made less or greater than the actuating movement, but for most purposes
for which my machine is intended vertical movement is only necessary to raise
the tool out of and lower it into the work, and no exact relation between the two
movement is essential. The joints Z are liquid tight at the couplings, illus-
trated in Fig. 42, wherein the two sections of pipe having abutting flanges, one
of which Zo is threaded are united by a coupling Z screwed onto the threaded

page_text: flange and binding against the back of the other flange Zd, anti-friction balls Zo
being interposed, a gasket of suitable compressible material being bound between
the faces of the flanges Zd and Z which have annular beads Z which press the
gasket into corrugated form, making annular seats for themselves therein, where-
by kinking of the gasket in the operation of the joints is prevented.
When machines of this character are used for producing type or type matrices
by reduction from the same enlarged patterns, and for producing from the same
pattern both a proportionally reduced punch or matrix, that is, one in which
the reduction is the same in both dimensions, and also a reduced punch or
matrix for producing what are known as condensed or extended type, that is
those in which the horizontal dimension is reduced or increased relatively to the
vertical dimension, there results a change in character or style of the letter
which is not intentionally involved in the condensation or extension. This change
is that the reduction or increase of the horizontal dimension takes effect on the
breadth or weight of the individual vertical lines of the letter as well as upon
the breadth of the letter as a whole, so that, for example, a letter which produced
by a proportional reduction from the pattern, has its vertical and horizontal lines
of equal weight, when produced in a manner to be condensed, will have its vertical
lines lighter than its horizontal lines. Such an effect is illustrated in Fig. 45
which shows at No. 1 a letter produced by proportional reduction, having its
horizontal and vertical lines of equal weight, and in comparison therewith, at
No. 2, a letter similar in style that is from the same pattern, but made by
adjustment of the machine adapted to condense the letter. Such change in style
is not the purpose of condensing or extending and in a measure this change
defeats that purpose, which is to provide varieties of type in series or sets adapted
to be used together with harmonious effect, which results from the obvious unity
of style running through all the varieties. To avoid this result, which is one
of the most serious defects in this class of machines, I employ a tracer
whose cross section at the plane at which it abuts against the pattern walls is
oblong, preferably elliptical, the difference in the two dimensions being such
as to approximately compensate for the difference in the ratio of reduction of the
two components of the tracer's movement provided for in the setting of the
machine. The effect of this feature will be best understood by bearing in mind
that when the tracer is following the abutting lines or wells of the pattern, the
path of the axis of the tracer is the real pattern which is reproduced by the tool
at its point, and that the path of the point of the tool is the outline of the printing
face of the letter produced. The relative weights of the horizontal and vertical
lines are preserved practically unchanged in case of cutting a condensed matrix
from a letter pattern by making the excess of the fore and aft over the right
and left diameter of the tracer, bear, to the difference between the fore and aft
diameter and the width of the fore and aft line space in the pattern, the ratio
of condensation on and for cutting a condensed punch, by making the excess of the
right and left over the fore and aft dimension of the tracer, bear, to the sum
of the width of the fore and aft line on the pattern and the right and left dimen-
sion, the ratio of condensation, and in case of cutting on extended matrix, by
making the excess of the right and left over the fore and aft dimension of the
tracer, bear to the difference between the width of the line space on the pattern
and said fore and aft dimension, the ratio of extension, and in case of cutting
an extended punch, by making the excess of the fore and aft over the right and
left dimension of the tracer, bear, to the sum of said fore and aft dimension and
the width of the fore and aft of the pattern, the ratio of extension.
This method of constructing and using a tracer is illustrated in Figs. 43 and 44
of the drawings, wherein a block or Gothic letter H is taken as an illustration.
In reducing proportionally, the tracer point will be circular and may have for
example, the diameter of a circle 3. The actual path followed by the tracer axis
in a pattern for a matrix is indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 43. For condens-
ing the letter, say one-fifth, in order to avoid condensing the vertical lines, the

page_text: tracer will be in cross section of the oval form shown at 4, whereby it is able to
travel with its axis nearer the side line of the vertical line space of the letter,
and so obtain a range of right and left movement for the purpose of working out
the width of the vertical line space in the matrix, greater than the circular tracer
has, to the extent of the difference between the diameter of the circular tracer
and the reduced right and left diameter of the oval tracer. If this excess is the
fraction of the whole width of the line which is expressed by the ratio of con-
densation, such condensation will be compensated thereby. It will be understood
that the greatest diameter of the oval tracer will be the diameter of the original
circular tracer, since, otherwise, the horizontal lines would be effected. If an
extended matrix is to be cut from the same pattern, the tracer will be made in
cross section of the form shown at 5, the right and left diameter being increased
above the diameter of the original circular tracer (which latter diameter remains
the lesser diameter of the oval tracer) an amount which bears to the entire width
of that line space, the ratio of extension; for thereby the tracer is able to follow
a path further removed from the side wall of the vertical line space of the pattern
than that followed by the circular tracer, to the extent of the increased radius,
and is thereby able to compass in its work a cavity less in width than the circular
tracer compassed by the amount of increase in diameter. And, if this increase
is the fraction of the width of the line space which is expressed by the ratio of
extension, compensation is effected. In Fig. 44 a punch pattern is shown, and
without further analysis it will be understood that since the actual area compassed
by the tracer is in this case the sum of the width of the line rib or upraise of
the pattern and the diameter of the tracer, the conditions are reversed in the
manner expressed above. In this figure, the circle 3 as before representing the
cross section of the circular tracer, the circle 5 represents the cross section of a
tracer for producing a condensed punch, and 7 the cross section of a tracer for
producing an extended punch.
It will be seen that for letters whose vertical lines are not all of the same
weight or breadth, and especially in letters having curved shades, or swell shades
in straight lines, this expedient of an oval tracer affords only approximate
compensation for the error resulting, as pointed out in the use of the machine
for inaking condensed or extended punches or matrices. By treating, however,
the average width of the several lines, or of the lines of varying width to be
considered, and making the tracer of a diameter suitable for such assumed average
width, it is possible, with rare exceptions, to so far compensate for the error in
question, as to make the error unnoticeable to the eye.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine which comprises au
actuating tracer carrier and an actuated carrier, such carriers having corre-
sponding travellers, and movement communicating systems for transmitting the
two components of the tracer's movement from the actuating to the actuated
carrier, the employment in either of said carriers of means for adjusting its
travellers to vary the angle between their movements.
2. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other movement communicating connections from the two travellers respec-
tively of the actuating carrier to the actuated carrier, the travellers of one of
the carriers being relatively adjustable to vary the angle between their respective
movements.
3. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier, each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other separate systems of movement communicating connections from the
two travellers respectively of the actuating carrier to the actuated carrier; the

page_text: travellers of one of the carriers being relatively adjustable to vary the angle
between their respective movements, said movement communicating connections
being independently adjustable to vary the ratios between the communicating
and communicated movements.
4. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other; movement communicating connections from the two travellers respec-
tively of the actuating carrier to the actuated carrier, the travellers of both the
carriers being relatively adjustable to vary the angle between their respective
movements.
5. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other; movement communicating connections from the two travellers respec-
tively of the actuating carrier to the actuated carrier, the traveller of one of said
carriers being relatively adjustable to vary the angle between their respective
movements; a pattern supporting table associated with the actuating carrier,
and a cutting tool and means for holding and driving the same associated with
the actuated carrier, a tracer holder connected to the first carrier and a work
holder connected to the second carrier.
6. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier, each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other, movement communicating connections between the corresponding
travellers of the two carriers, the travellers of one of the carriers being relatively
adjustable to vary the angle between their respective movements.
7. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other and one of which carries the other; movement communicating connec-
tions between the corresponding travellers of the two carriers, the fulcrum of
one system of connections being on the base which supports both carriers and
the fulcrum of the other system being on one of the travellers connected by the
first system.
8. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier, each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other, independent systems of connections for transmitting movement from
the travellers respectively of the actuating carrier to the corresponding traveller
of the actuated carrier, the fulcrum of one system being on the base which supports
both carriers and the fulcrum of the other system being on one of the travellers
connected by the first system, the travellers of one of the carriers being relatively
adjustable to vary the angle of their respective movements.
9. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine an actuating and an
actuated carrier each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other and one of which carries the other, independent systems of connections
for transmitting movement from the travellers respectively of the actuating
carrier to the corresponding traveller of the actuated carrier, the fulcrum of one
system being on the base which supports both carriers and that of the other
system being on one of the travellers connected by the first system, the two
travellers of each carrier being relatively adjustable to vary the angle of their
respective movements.
10. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier, each having two travellers transverse to each other, one of which
carries the other, lever connections from one of the travellers of one carrier to
the corresponding traveller of the second carrier, the fulcrum of the pantograph
being on one of the lever connected travellers, and one of the other traveller
connections of the pantograph being a shifting pivot suitably guided with respect
to the traveller to which it pertains.
11. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier, each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to

page_text: each other; separate systems of movement communicating connections from the
two travellers respectively of the actuating carrier to the actuated carrier; the
articulation of one of said systems with the actuated carrier being effected by
the engagement of an abutment on one of the articulating parts with a track in
which the abutment may be guided on the other part, such track being adjustable
to vary its direction in the plane of the carriers movements.
12. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuating and an
actuated carrier, each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other, two systems of connection to the actuated carrier extending from
the two travellers respectively of the actuating carrier, one of said systems having
its fulcrum on one of the travellers connected by the other system, one of the
other traveller connections of the first system being a shifting pivot provided
with a guide way, which is angularly adjustable on the traveller to which it
pertains.
13. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, an actuated and an
actuating carrier each having two travellers whose movements are transverse to
each other; movement communicating systems of connection from the travellers
of one carrier to the corresponding travellers of the other carrier, the fulcrum of
one of said systems being on one of the travellers connected by the other system,
and one of the other traveller connections of the first system being a shifting
pivot having a guideway which is angularly adjustable on the traveller to which
it pertains.
14. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine in combination, an
actuating and an actuated carrier each having two travellers transverse to each
other, and one of which carries the other; separate system of movement com-
municating connections from the travellers of one carrier to the corresponding
travellers of the other carrier, the two travellers of the actuated carrier being
adjustable relatively to each other to vary the angle of the vertical planes of
their respective movements, the fixed fulcrum of one system being on the traveller
actuated by the other system, and another traveller connection of the first system
being a shifting pivot having a guideway adapted to be fixed with respect to the
traveller to which it pertains.
15. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, in combination an
actuating and an actuated carrier, each having two travellers transverse to each
other and one carrying the other lever connections from one of the travellers of
one carrier to the corresponding traveller of the other carrier; pantograph connec-
tions from the other traveller of the first carrier to the corresponding traveller
of the second carrier, each carrier having its two travellers adjustable to vary at
will the angle between the vertical planes of their sliding movements; the fixed
fulcrum of the pantograph being on the lever operated traveller of the actuated
carrier and one of its other traveller connections being a shifting pivot suitably
guided with respect to the lever to which it pertains.
16. In a punch or matrix making or engraving machine, in combination, an
actuating and an actuated carrier, each having two travellers transverse to each
other and one carrying the other; lever connections from one of the travellers of
one carrier to the corresponding traveller of the other carrier; pantograph con-
nections from the other traveller of the first carrier to the corresponding traveller
of the second carrier; a fulcrum for the pantograph which is adjustable and
adapted to be fixed on the lever operated traveller of the actuated carrier; connec-
tion of the pantograph to the operating traveller of the other carrier being similarly
adjustable.
17. In the described machine, the work holder illustrated in Figs. 25, 26 and 27,
comprising the angle post and the angle clamp bound into the angle of the post,
and vertical adjustment for the same.
18. In the described machine, the matrix blank holder shown in Figs. 28 to 31
inclusive, comprising a plurality of seats, and means for adjusting the carriage
to compensate for the distance between the seats,

page_text: 19. The matrix blank holder having a plurality of seats and means for adjust-
ing the carrier to compensate for the distance between them; the shifting lever
and its dogs and the notched segment which the dogs engage, the distance between
the points of the dogs being not an exact multiple of the teeth spaces of the
segment.
20. In the matrix blank holder described, the seats for the blanks comprising
the lever chucks having fingers M Mb and fulcrumed below and rearward of the
same, and the travellers which carry said seats adapted to be advanced to carry
the blanks against a stop wall to cause the fingers to set the blanks upward auto-
matically when they collide with the stop wall.
21. In the matrix blank holder described, the upper gauges and means for
setting the blanks upward against the same, whereby the blanks are set by their
upper faces regardless of their depth.
22. In a machine of the type described having horizontal travellers, such
travellers and their track plates having interengaging flanges adapted to prevent
vertical separation, and antifriction balls interposed between such flanges and
also at the tracks at which the travellers are supported on the plates.
23. In a machine of the character described having travellers guided hori
zontally on the track plates; antifriction balls interposed between the travellers
and the track plates at the lines of support of the former upon the latter; said
travellers and track plates having interengaging flanges to prevent vertical
separation, said flanges upon one of the parts being bevelled and the other having
an angle facing such bevel; balls interposed between such angle and bevel, one
of said engaging parts at one side being on a laterally adjustable gib, whereby
the play at all the ball bearings may be taken up.
24. In a machine of the character described having travellers guided upon
track plates and having interengaging flanges to prevent vertical separation, the
flanges upon one of said parts being a gib adapted to be adjusted laterally to take
up lost motion springs which operate to set the gib; screws which clamp the
gib and other screws adapted to be set up against it after it is in the place to
positively stop it as described.
25. In a machine of the character described, having travellers guided upon
track plates and provided with antifriction balls at the slide bearings, return
bends at the end of the bearing courses of the balls and return courses connecting
the return bends through one of the parts, whereby the ball courses are made
endless.
26. In a machine of the character described comprising pantograph and other
lever armis pivoted together; the facing surfaces of the parts united at such pivots
including the head or washer of the binding pivot bolt being provided with
annular ball seats and balls therein as and for the purpose set forth.
27. In a machine of the character described for the purpose of transmitting
vertical movement from the tracer to the tool, a suitably closed chamber mounted
in connection with said parts respectively having a moving head or wall connected
to said parts and adapted to receive their movement, and a dog connecting said
chambers containing a substantially incompressible fluid.
28. In a machine of the character described, the actuating and the actuated
carrier, and means for communicating the horizontal movements of the one to
the other the tracer and the tool holder associated respectively with the actuating
and the actuated carrier, and having associated with them respectively closed
chambers having moving heads or walls connected with and adapted to derive
movement from the tracer and tool holder respectively; and a jointed pipe con-
nection between said chambers, the chambers and the connection ripe being
occupied by an incompressible fluid, and the pipe having universal joints, whereby
the vertical movement of the tracer may be communicated to the tool throughout
all variations of the relative horizontal positions of the two carriers,
29. In a liquid connecting pipe through which vertical movement is trans-
mitted as described from the tracer to the tool, swivel joints between the adjacent

page_text: sections of said pipe comprising flanged terminals of said adjacent sections having
a compressible gasket between them; a coupling adapted to be peripherally
engaged with one of the flanges and to embrace the other, and anti-friction balls
between said other flange and the head of the coupling.
30. In a machine of the character described, the tracer head having the
handles I and 1°; the lever I and the latch I' co-operating as described.
31. In a tracer carrier having transversely operation sliders, means substantially
as described for locking either of the travellers to prevent its sliding movement
for the purpose of limiting the tracer to movement in the direction forward of
the other traveller.
32. In the tracer carrier having two transversely operating travellers, co-
operating stops on each traveller and its track plate, one of which is adapted
to be adjusted to check the travellers movement at any desired point for the
purpose set forth.
33. In combination with a pantograph, the supplemental lever R* and the
link R, and the adjustable link R, arranged to be applied to co-operate with
the pantograph as described.
34. In combination with the tool head, the tool carrier vertically adjustable
therein, the gravity drop adapted to be frictionally upheld, the gauge finger
adapted to be interposed below the tool, and the connections from the finger to
the friction bearing of the gravity drop, whereby the pressure of the tool upon
the finger relaxes the frictional grasp and causes the drop to fall.
35. In combination, substantially as set forth, the tool head and the tool
carrier having the collar Va screwed onto it, and the ring Vb, longitudinally
stopped and rotatable on the collar; a lever fulcrumed on the tool head pivoted
to the collar substantially as set forth.
36. In combination with a tool head and the tool carrier therein, the co-operat-
ing collars V and Vo, both screwed onto the carrier and serving as the medium
by which it is upheld in the head, and a spring which reacts between them, sub-
stantially as set forth.
36. In combination with the tool head and the carrier the tool chuck holder
within the latter, the pulley journalled outside the holder, and the coupling V
rigidly secured to the end of the chuck holder above the pulley and carrier having
a chamber in its under side and engaging at its lower edge with the pulley:
co-operating parts of the ball bearing being interposed in the chamber of said
coupling, the upper set being longitudinally stopped on the chuck holder and
the lower set stopped on the carrier.
37. In combination with the tool head and a carrier V, the tool chuck
holder V ball bearings at the lower end of the holder which receive the upward
thrust aginst the carrier, and ball bearings at the upper end of the carrier, com-
prising an upper ball seat longitudinally adjustable on the chuck holder, a stop
nut adapted to be adjusted and secured on the chuck holder above the seat, and
a spring Vinterposed between said seat and a stop nut.
38. In combination with a tool head, the tool carrier V and a tool chuck
holder V having ball bearings at the lower end to stop the upward thrust and at
the upper end to stop the downward thrust or weight; a coupling secured to the
upper end of the chuck holder above the upper ball seat of the upper bearing,
the upper hearing, and a pulley suspended from said coupling and journalled
outside the carrier below said upper ball bearing, and suitably engaged with
the coupling to drive the chuck holder.
40. In combination with the tool head, the tool chuck holder having an inwardly
facing tapering shoulder V at the lower end, the tool chuck extending through
the holder having its lower end split and exteriorly tapered to mate with the
shoulder V, and the tool extending through the chuck, and suitable means for
crowding the chuck endwise in the holder to simultaneously center the chuck
and grip the tool.
41, In combination with the tool carrier, the tool chuck holder, the tool

page_text: chuck and the tool arranged and constructed as described at the lower end to
cause the chuck to be centered in the holder and to grip the tool by the same
means, the chuck being split at the upper end and provided with a compressing
nut to grip the tool, whereby its adjustment in the chuck is not disturbed by
the removal of the chuck from the holder.
42. In combination with the thrust bearings of the tool holder, the annular
ball case V, comprising the disk apertured to allow the segments of the balls
to protrude through it, and the balls in said case between the abutments which
constitute the thrust bearings.
43. In a machine for deriving from the movement of a tracer following a
pattern, a reduced movement of work or tool carrier having mechanism for vary-
ing independently of each other the ratio of reduction of the two components of
the tracer's movement; a tracer which is oblong in cross section at the plane
of its lateral bearing on the pattern.
44. In combination with a pantograph adjustable at the pivotal connections
of its bars to vary the ratio in which it transmits motion, the supplemental
lever R pivoted to one of the intermediate bars of the pantograph, and the links
which connect the ends of the lever to the outer bars; one of said links being
adjustable in length at will and having its pivot on the outer bar adjustably
mounted thereon at a distance from the other adjustable pivot on said bar equal
to the length of that arm of the lever R* to which said link is connected.
45. In combination with the pantograph comprising the levers R and R
pivoted together, the ends of the lever remote from their pivot being the panto-
graph fulcrum, said pantograph comprising the adjustable levers Rb and R
pivoted together; a supplemental lever R* pivoted to the lever R and from one
end linked to the lever R, the distance of the pivotal connections of the link and
lever R from the pivotal connections of said link and lever to the levers R
and R, respectively, being equal, a link connecting the opposite end of the
lever R to the lever R°, the pivotal connection of said link to the last mentioned
lever being adjustable on said lever and said link being extensible, to cause
the link to be parallel to the lever arm Rª.
Dated this 5th day of Danamba 1000
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C.
Agents to Applicant.