IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAKFAST AND OTHER CANS, COFFEE AND OTHER POTS, SAUCEPANS. SUGAR AND BISCUIT BOXES, TRAVELLING AND DEED BOXES, AND OTHER VESSELS AND ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE MADE OF TIX PLATE. OR SHEET IRON, OR COPPER
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Caddick, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Tool Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY
TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAKFAST AND OTHER CANS, COFFEE
AND OTHER POTS, SAUCEPANS. SUGAR AND BISCUIT BOXES, TRAVELLING AND
DEED BOXES, AND OTHER VESSELS AND ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE MADE
OF TIX PLATE. OR SHEET IRON, OR COPPER."
Sealed the 18th May 1880, and dated the 27th November 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Caddick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1879.
JOSEPH CADDICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool Maker.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BREAKFAST AND OTHER CANS, COFFEE AND OTHER POTS, SAUCEPANS, SUGAR AND
BISCUIT BOXES, TRAVELLING AND DEED BOXES, AND OTHER VESSELS AND ARTICLES
OF LIKE MANUFACTURE MADE OF TIN PLATE, OR SHEET IRON, OR COPPER."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in .tools and
machinery to be used in the manufacture of breakfast and other cans, coffee .and
other pots, saucepans, sugar and biscuit boxes, travelling and deed boxes, and other
vessels and articles of like manufacture made of tin plate, or sheet iron, or copper.
My said Invention consists, first, of tools constructed as herein after described.to
be used for effecting the process commonly called "edging," that is, turning up at
right angles the edge of the blank from which the article is to be made, and also
for folding or bending the turned up edge so as to form it into a trough for
receiving the wire by which the wiring of the edge of the article is effected or
for forming a hollow beading in imitation of wiring at the edge of the article.
In effecting the said "edging" or turning up, I use a pair of edging tools worked
in a press. The fixed lower edging tool consists of a plate having a curved or
straight edge according to the shape of the article to be made. Near the acting
edge of the lower tool are stops or guides for determining the width of the part of
the blank to be edged. The said lower tool is fixed on a bed plate by means of
pegs taking into holes in the said tool and bed; the saine bed plate may be used

page_text: for different tools by arranging the holes in it at different distances apart. The
upper and moveable edging tool, which is secured to the screw or bolt of the press,
consists of a plate having a figure corresponding to, and capable of bearing closely
against the acting edge of the lower tool. The edge of the blank being placed on
the lower tool and fed against the stops or guides described, the upper tool is brought
down. The edge of the blank is thereby carried down and forced by the said upper
tool against the acting edge of the lower fixed tool, and the said edge of the blank
is thereby turned up or bent at right angles to the other part of the blank.
Although these tools are particularly applicable for "edging" blanks to be after-
wards wired or beaded, yet the said tools may be used for edging blanks for other
purposes. The tools for bending the raised edge or "edged" part of the blank into
a trough for receiving the wire for wiring or for forming a beading, consists of a
lower tool fixed in the bed of the press, and an upper tool carried by the screw or
bolt of the press; the lower tool is either flat or curved, and in its upper face is a
groove or depression corresponding in shape with the trough to be formed. The
upper or moveable tool consists of a flat plate having the size of the interior of the
trough to be formed, the acting edge of the said moveable tool being flat or curved,
to correspond with the lower tool. The turned up or edged part of the blank
being placed over the groove or depression in the lower tool, and adjusted to stops
on the said tool, the upper tool descends and carries the edged or turned up part of
the blank into and gives it the shape of the said groove or depression in the lower
"
tool.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the construction and arrangements herein after
described of the parts of machinery to be used for effecting the operation commonly
called "paning," that is to say, closing or bending down the edge of one part of the
article upon another part so as to join the two parts together, such for example, as
"paning" or closing the turned up edge of the bottom of a can or other vessel, upon
the flanged bottom of the body of the can or vessel; the said machinery may also
be applied to the forming of the wiring or beading trough herein before described
and also to the joining of parts of articles together by "knocking up" the edge of
one part against the edge of the other part instead of securing the parts together
by a "paning" or bending down operation.
I will describe the machinery constituting this part of my Invention as applied
to the paning or closing of the bottom of a can or vessel upon the flanged or
"edged" bottom of the body of the can or vessel.
Upon one side of the bed plate of the machine I arrange a horizontal sliding
paning or closing tool, working in guides on the said bed plate. The acting edge
of this paning or closing tool is concave, the concave edge having the same radius
as the can to be operated upon. The said sliding tool is worked either by hand,
by means of a lever, or by steam, or other power.
At the opposite side of the bed plate to that at which the paning or closing
tool is situated is a hinged (or sliding) support for assisting in supporting the can
or vessel during the paning or closing operation. The cross bar to which the
support is hinged is fixed in a slot on the bed plate, so that the position of the said
support may be adjusted to suit the size of the article to be operated upon.
Between the support described and the sliding paning tool, are other adjustable
supports for supporting the can or vessel under operation.
The can or vessel to be operated upon being placed at the middle of the bed plate,
the hinged support is turned down and made to support part of the cylindrical surface
of the can, and the other supports are advanced, so as to come in contact with and
support the can at other points. The "paning" or closing tool is now advanced, and
its acting edge made to clip the base of the can. As the paning tool advances it closes
a portion of the raised edge of the bottom of the can upon the flange on the body.
After withdrawing the paning tool, and turning the can through the angle necessary
to bring an unclosed part of the base of the can opposite the paning tool, the
latter again advances, and so on until the whole of the raised edge of the bottom of

page_text: the can has been closed upon the flange of the body, so as to connect the two parts,
together.
Instead of using a horizontal sliding closing tool a lever or jointed closing tool
worked by hand may be used. In this case a row of holes is made in the bed
plate, to one of which the centre of the closing tool is connected. These joint holes
permit the position of the closing tool to be adjusted according to the size
of the article to be operated upon. An adjustable stop is used to limit the
advance motion of this closing tool. In this modification the back support
herein before described is dispensed with, and radial adjustable supports for fixing
the position of the article under operation are used.
When the bottoms or tops of the articles to be "paned" or closed are convex, or
have projections upon them, a hole or depression is made at the middle of the bed
plate to receive the convex or projecting bottom or top of the article, and in order
to adapt this hole or depression to receive articles of different sizes, it may be fitted
with removeable rings or collars of different sizes.
The machinery described may be used for closing the parts of articles by a
"knocking up" process, instead of by a paning or bending down process, by
modifying the acting parts of the tools; or the machinery herein first described
may be used for "edging" blanks. In this case the jointed support constitutes the
fixed tool, against which the edge of the blank is bent by the advance of the
sliding tool,
•
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Caddick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th May
1880.
JOSEPH CADDICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool Maker..
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BREAKFAST AND OTHER CANS, COFFEE AND OTHER POTS, SAUCEPANS, SUGAR AND
BISCUIT BOXES, TRAVELLING AND DEED BOXES, AND OTHER VESSELS AND ARTICLES
OF LIKE MANUFACTURE MADE OF TIN PLATE, OR SHEET IRON, OR COPPER."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in tools and
machinery to be used in the manufacture of breakfast and other cans, coffee and
other pots, saucepans, sugar and biscuit boxes, travelling and deed boxes, and other
vessels and articles of like manufacture made of tin plate, or sheet iron, or copper.
My said Invention consists, first, of tools constructed, as herein after described, to
be used for effecting the process commonly called "edging," that is, turning up at
right angles the edge of the blank, from which the article is to be made, and also for
folding or bending the turned up edge, so as to form it into a trough for receiving
the wire, by which the wiring of the edge of the article is effected, or for forming
a hollow beading in imitation of wiring at the edge of the article.
In effecting the said "edging" or turning up, I use a pair of edging tools worked
in a press. The fixed lower edging tool consists of a plate having a curved or
straight edge according to the shape of the article to be made. Near the acting

page_text: edge of the lower tool are stops or guides for determining the breadth of the part of
the blank to be edged. The said lower tool is fixed on a bed plate. The upper or
moveable edging tool, which is secured to the screw or bolt of the press, consists of
a plate having a figure corresponding to that of the acting edge of the lower tool.
The edge of the blank being placed on the lower tool, and fed against the stops or
guides described, the upper tool is brought down. The edge of the blank is
thereby carried down and forced by the said upper tool against the acting edge of
the lower fixed tool, and the said edge of the blank is thereby turned up or bent at
right angles to the other part of the blank.
#
The tools for bending the raised edge or edged" part of the blank into a
trough for receiving the wire for wiring, or for forming a beading, consists of a
lower tool fixed on the bed of the press, and an upper tool carried by the screw or
bolt of the press. The lower tool is either flat or curved, and in its upper face is n
groove or depression corresponding in shape with the trough to be formed. The
upper or moveable tool consists of a flat plate, having the size of the interior of the
trough to be formed, the acting edge of the said moveable tool being flat or curved
to correspond with the lower tool. The turned up or edged part of the blank
being placed over the groove or depression in the lower tool, and adjusted to stops
on the said tool, the upper tool descends and carries the edged or turned up part
of the blank into, and gives it the shape of the said groove or depression in the
lower tool.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings represent in vertical section,
and Figure 3 a plan, partly in horizontal section, a pair of edging or turning up
tools constructed according to my Invention. In Figure 1 the upper tool is
represented raised from the lower tool ready to effect the edging operation, and in
Figure 2 the upper tool is represented in its lowest position after it has effected
the edging operation. Figure 4 represents the lower edging tool separately, and
Figure 5 represents the blank after it has been edged.
The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,
a is the bed of the press, and b is the tool holder; c is the lower edging tool
fixed to the tool holder b. The edge of the lower tool is curved, as represented.
It may, however, have a straight or other edge according to the shape of the
article to be made. In the said tool care adjusting slots d, through which the
screw pios e pass, and take into the die holder b. These slots and pins are for
the purpose of adjusting the acting edge of the lower tool c to the acting edge of
the upper toolf. The said upper tool is secured to the bolt h of the press, and
the said tool has a figure corresponding to the acting edge of the lower tool c.
Stop pegs are fixed in holes in the lower tool c to determinate the breadth of the
inetal to be turned up or edged.
The blank g to be edged having been placed upon the lower tool c, and against the
stops on the said tool, as represented in Figure 3, the upper tool f is brought down.
The edge of the blank is thereby carried down and forced by the said upper tool f
ngainst the acting edge of the lower fixed tool c, and the said edge of the blank is
thereby turned up or bent at right angles to the other part of the blank, as seen in
Figure 2, and in the edged blank represented in Figure 5, where the "edged" part
is marked i.
Although the tools represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, are particularly applicable
for edging blanks to be afterwards wired or beaded, yet the said tools may be used
for edging blanks for other purposes.
The tools for bending the raised edge or edged part of the blank into a trough
for receiving the wire for wiring or for formning a bending are represented in
elevation, partly in longitudinal section in Figure 6, and in cross section in
Figure 7 Figure 8 represents the troughed blank detached. In Figure 6 the
upper tool is shown raised, and in Figure 7 depressed.
is the lower tool having a curved face, or a flat or other face, according to the
article to be made. In the said face of the lower tool is a groove or depression 1³,
corresponding in shape with the trough to be formed.

page_text: The said lower tool is fixed to the holder m on the bed plate of the press by the
screw bolt p;k is the upper tool fixed to the bolt q of the press. The acting lower
edge of the said tool is curved or shaped to correspond with the lower tool b.
The turned up or edged part of the blank, Figure 5, being placed over the
groove or depression in the lower tool 1, the upper tooldescends and carries
the edged or turned up part of the blank into the groove or depression in the
lower tool, and thereby troughs the said edge, as represented in Figure 7, and the
separate view of the plate or blank Figure 8, where the troughed edge is marked v.
Stops may be fixed on the lower tool to determine the position of the blank, but
ordinarily the stops may be dispensed with.
The wire is placed in the troughed edge of the blank and the said edge closed
upon the wire, or a beading made from the trough in the ordinary way.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the construction and arrangements herein
after described of the parts of machinery to be used for effecting the operation
commonly called "paning," that is to say, closing or bending down the edge of
one part of the article upon another part, so as to join the two parts together, such
for example as "paning" or closing the turned up edge of the bottom of a can or
other vessel upon the flanged bottom of the body of the can or vessel. The said
machinery may also be applied to the formning of the wiring or beading trough
herein before described, and also to the joining of parts of articles together by
"knocking up" the edge of one part against the edge of the other part, instead of
securing the parts together by "paning" or bending down operation.
I will describe the machinery constituting this part of my Invention as applied
to the paning or closing of the bottom of a box or case, and a can or vessel upon
the flanged or edged bottom of the body of the article.
Upon one side of the bed plate of the machine I arrange a horizontal sliding,
paning, or closing tool working in guides on the said bed plate. The acting edge
of this paning or closing tool is either flat or concave, the concave edge having the
saine radius as the article to be operated upon. The said sliding tool is worked
either by hand by means of a lever, or by steam or other power. At the opposite
side of the bed plate to that at which the paning or closing tool described is
situated is a support or back paning tool either for supporting the article during
the "paning" or closing operation, or for effecting a portion of the paning of the
article. Between the support or back paning tool and tlie sliding paning tool are
other adjustable supports for supporting the article under operation. The article
to be operated upon being placed at the middle of the bed plate, the support or
back paning tool is made to support part of the article, and the other supports are
advanced so as to come in contact with and support the article at other points.
The sliding, paning, or closing tool is now advanced, and its acting edge made to
hear upon the base of the article. As the paning tool advances it closes a portion
of the raised edge of the bottom of the article upon the flange of the body, the back
paning tool at the same time closing another portion of the raised edge upon the
flange. After withdrawing the paning tool the article is adjusted so as to bring
other unclosed parts opposite the paning tools when the operation is repeated, until
the whole of the raised edge of the bottom of the article has been closed upon the
flange of the body, so as to connect the two parts together.
Instead of using a horizontal sliding closing tool, a lever or jointed closing tool
worked by hand inay be used. The machinery described may be used for closing
the parts of articles by knocking up" process instead of by a paning or bending
down process by modifying the acting parts of the tools, as herein after described.
Figure represents in plan a paning" machine constructed according to my
Invention in which a horizontal sliding, paning, or closing tool is used for operating
upon the edge of a square box or case.
16
a is the bed plate of the machine, and is the horizontal sliding, paning, or
closing tool working in the dovetail guides c, c, on the bed plate a. The said
tool bis worked by the hand lever jointed at d to the fixed bed plate a. The
said tool may however be worked by steam or other motive power; e is an adjust-

page_text: able support or back paning tool, the said support being either for the purpose of
supporting the article during the paning or closing operation or for paning a portion
of the article. The said support or back paning tool e is adjusted on the bed.
plate & by means of the pins f, f, and slots g, g, to suit the size of the article being
operated upon; h, h, are other adjustable supports for supporting the article a
laterally during the paning operation. The supports h, h, are adjusted in the
slots g, g, as represented. The case or box i to be operated upon is placed against
the support or back tool e, and supported laterally by the supports h, h. By now
moving the hand lever d in the direction of the arrow the paning or closing tool b
is made to advance, and its acting edge passes over and closes the turned up edge
of the bottom of the case or box i upon the flange of the body at one side of the
said case or box. The turned up edge at the opposite side of the box is at the.
same time forced under the edge of the support or back paning tool e. Opposite
sides of the box are thereby simultaneously paned or closed. The paning tool b
and supports h, h, being withdrawn the box is released from the tool e in the
manner hereinafter described, and the said box is turned so as to present its
unclosed sides to the paning tools b and c, when the operations already described
are repeated. The four sides of the box are in this way paned or closed.
"
When
For the purpose of releasing the box or case from the support or back paning
tool e a
puller off," consisting of a lever k, is jointed to the bed of the machine
at f. The free end of the said lever or puller off k is jointed at to the bar m,
and the latter is connected at n to the hand lever d of the paning tool b.
the hand lever d makes its back motion to withdraw the paning tool b the bar m
moves in the same direction and turns the puller off upon its centre and
causes it to press back the partially paned box or case from the support or back
paning tool e.
When the article to be paned has a curved figure, the acting end of the paning
tool b has a concave figure given to it of the same radius as the article under
When a
operation. Figure 94 represents a paning tool of the kind last described.
paning tool of this kind is used the back support or paning tool has a similar figure
given to its acting or supporting edge.
Figure 10 represents in plan, Figure 11 in side elevation, and Figure 12 in
longitudinal section, a paning machine constructed according to my Invention for
paning cans and cylindrical articles; Figure 13 represents the closing tool
detached, and Figures 14 and 15 represent parts of the machine. In this inachine
a lever or jointed paning or closing tool is used in place of a horizontal sliding
paning or closing tool; p is the lever closing tool, the edges of which are made
concave at q, r, s, t, each of the said concave parts having a different radius from
the others, so that the tool is fitted to operate upon four circular articles of different
sizes. Either the concavity or on one edge of the tool p may be used, or by
inverting the tool either the concavity s or t may be used. When the concavitics
q, r, are used the centre p² of the tool is fitted in the hole p, and when the con-
cavities 8, t, are used the centre of the tool is fitted in the hole 225 (see Figure 13).
The centre p of the lever p is adjustable in the slot 28 in the bed plate a; u is the
support or back paning tool having on its edges four concavities similar to those on
the edges of the closing tool p. The lateral holders h, k, and the parts k, m, for
pulling off the article from the support or back paning tool u are the same as
corresponding parts in the machine, Figure 9.
The action of this machine is as follows:-The can or vessel v being placed
against the back support or paning tool u, the other supports h, h, are advanced so as
to come in contact with and support the can at the positions represented. The
lever paning or closing tool 7 is advanced by moving the handle p in the direction
of the arrow, Figure 10, and its concave edge q is made to close over or pane the
raised edge of the bottom of the can upon the flange of the body. The pressure put
upon the can by the tool p at the same time forces another portion of the raised
edge of the bottom of the can under the edge of the back paning tool u, and thereby
closes the edge at that part upon the flange. After withdrawing the lever pauing

page_text: tool p and releasing the can from the back paning tool u by the puller off k, the
said can is turned through the angle necessary to bring unclosed parts of the base
opposite the planing tools p and 16, when the. lever paning tool p is again advanced
and so on until the whole of the raised edge of the can has been closed upon the
flange of the body.
The back support or paning tool e, Figure 9, or u, Figures 10, 11, and 12, may
be jointed to the bed plate instead of being constructed as represented in the
Drawings.
w is a central hole (or depression) made in the bed plate a to be used when the
bottoms or tops of the articles to be paned are convex, or have projections upon
them; and in order to adapt the hole w to receive articles of different sizes, it may
be fitted with removeable rings or collars of different sizes, one of which is marked
3. In Figure 15 a lid y is shown in the removeable ring *.
The machine represented in Figure 9 may be used for forming the wire or
beading trough in the edged blank represented in Figure 5 or other like blank.
In this case the support or back paning tool e constitutes the fixed tool against
which the edge of the blank is bent by the advance of the sliding tool b, the acting
faces of the sliding and fixed tools band e having the required shapes given to
them to produce the trough in the edged blank.
Figure 10 represents, partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal section, and
Figure 17 in plan, another paning machine constructed according to my Invention.
In this modification the paning tool b is worked by the descent of the bolt c of
the press instead of by a lever or sliding motion. The said paning tool b works
between guides d, d, on the bed plate a, and is raised into the position represented
in Figure 16 when at liberty to move, by the coiled spring e.
The said paning
tool b is kept in its place by the conical peg f, upon which it works.
The can or vessel g having been adjusted and held on the bed plate in the manner
before described, the bolt c descends. The paning tool is thereby forced down and
effects the paning of the raised edge of the bottom of the can upon the flange of the
body of the article. On raising the bolt c from the paning tool b the latter rises by the
action of its spring and releases the vessel g, which may now be adjusted for a
second operation, and so on.
The paning tool may be connected directly to the bolt of the press, as represented
in Figures 18, 19, 20, and 21; Figure 18 representing in side elevation partly in
section, and Figure 19, in horizontal section a tool fitted for operating upon
cylindrical articles, and Figure 20 representing in side elevation, and Figure 21 in
horizontal section, a tool fitted for operating upon square articles or articles having
flat sides. In the said Figures 18, 19, 20, and 21, the paning tool is marked-6, and
the bolt of the press to which it is attached is marked c.
Instead of working the paning tool by a press, as represented in Figures 18 and
20, it may be worked by a lever, the latter being lifted by means of a series of
wipers or short armis on a rotating shaft.
Figures 22 and 23 represent machines for closing the parts of articles by a
knocking up process. In these machines the articles are supported by a back
support h, similar to the support e herein before described, and internally by a
block carried by the bolt of the press.
The closing of the turned up part or flange is effected at two operations. The
first operation is effected by the closing tool k, represented at Figure 22, the acting
edge of the said tool being inclined. By the operation of the said tool k the flange
at the base of the article is partly raised against the sides of the body. The
second operation is effected by the closing tool l, Figure 23, its acting edge being
flat.
By the action of the tool the closing of the flange upon the sides of the
article is completed so as to join the body to the base.
When coffee pots or long tubular articles are to be operated upon, the internal
supporting block is made longer than that represented in the Drawings, and the said
long block instead of being worked by the bolt of the press may be raised and
lowered by a cord passing over a pulley carried by the upright of the machine.

page_text: The closing tools k, l, for effecting the knocking up process may either be
jointed to or slide upon the bed plate of the machine, as described with respect
to paning tools, or the knocking up tools may be carried by cranked levers worked
by hand.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention
of "Improvements in Tools and Machinery to be used in the Manufacture of
Breakfast and other Cans, Coffee and other Pots, Saucepans; Sugar and Biscuit
Boxes, Travelling and Deed Boxes, and other Vessels and articles of like Manu-
facture, made of Tin Plate, or Sheet Iron, or Copper,"―
First. The tools constructed as herein before described and illustrated in Figures
1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying Drawings, to be used for effecting the process
called "edging," that is, turning up at right angles the edge of the blank from
which the article is to be made.
Secondly. The tools constructed as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings for troughing or hending the
turned up edge of the blank for receiving the wire by which the wiring of the
edge of the article is effected, or for forming the hollow beading in imitation of
wiring.
Thirdly. The several arrangements or combinations of the parts of machinery
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 9, 9ª, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, and 21 of the accompanying Drawings for effecting the operation
commonly called "paning," that is, closing or bending down the edge of one part of
the article upon another part so as to join the two parts together; also the
adaptation of the machinery represented in Figure 9 to the troughing of the edged
parts of blanks, as described.
Fourthly. The several arrangements or combinations of the parts of machinery
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 22 and 23 of the accompanying
Drawings for effecting the operation called "knocking up," that is, knocking up
the edge of one part of the article against the edge or side of the other part for the
purpose of joining the two parts together.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Caddick, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
JOSEPH CADDICK. (L.S.)