Improvements in Incandescence Lamps for Liquid Combustibles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 9th June, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Feb., 1900-Accepted, 31st Mar., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescence Lamps for Liquid Combustibles.
I, ARTHUR POEFFEL, of 9, Rossaner Kaserne, Vienna, Austria, Lieutenant
in the Austrian Army, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The incandescence lamps heretofore employed for liquid combustibles, in
particular for petroleum, and with wick burners, are so arranged that above
the cylindrical wick, at a certain distance therefrom, is provided a vaporising
device in the form of a disc or spreader, or a hollow perforated body, and air
supplies are led from several points to the flame and incandescence mantle, in
order, by the combined action of the air currents supplied under definite con-
ditions and suitably heated, to obtain a hot blue name which is developed
within the mantle and is adapted accurately to the form thereof, as only by
these means the effect is produced which is the necessary condition with incan-
descence lamps of this kind.
Lamps of this description have however the disadvantage that no means are
provided for remedying defective action if, for example, the incandescence
mantle does not possess the exact form for which the construction of the lamp
was originally designed, or if the mantle should change its form in conse-
quence of shrinking together during the first period of heating; also, if the
temperature of the air supply is raised, or the nature of the liquid combustible
varies, and lastly, if, owing to too strong a heating or cooling, of one part of
the lamp, or obstruction of the air inlets by dust, or the burning of the lamp
in draughts, and other numerous causes, the one or other of the air supplies
does not take place in the manner intended in the construction of the lamp.
In such cases the form of the flame becomes changed and does not suit the
mantle, so that the illuminating effect of the lamp is considerably reduced and
it is liable to smoke or black and to emit noises.
A further disadvantage of all known incandescence lamps for liquid com-
bustibles consists in that in consequence of the fixed position of the vaporising
device, the heating and vaporising of the combustible can only take place
gradually, the result of which is, that such lamps have to be continually
watched in order to prevent the mantle from being completely blacked during
an unwatched moment, so that the lamp becomes overheated and rendered quite
useless.
With many of these lamps the preliminary heating is limited to a minimum
duration, because if the original yellow flame should become too hot, the
"Bunsen or blue flame will not be produced.
"
All these disadvantages are avoided in the construction of lamp which forms
the subject of the present invention, by the following provisions:-
1. In addition to the one or the two outer air supplies which are generally
required for producing a hot flame, two or more further air currents are led
from the outside in different paths to the place of combustion and impinge at

page_text: different angles upon the Bunsen fiame already formed, either all or one or
more of which air currents are made capable of regulation.
2. The inner air supply is effected in a single current or in two divided
currents of different velocities, and it can be so regulated by a vertically adjust-
able flame spreader or vaporiser, that by this means the direction of the air
current passing to the flame or vaporiser is altered.
By the regulation of the outer and inner air supply the object is attained of
so arranging the air supplies that the flame can be accurately adapted to the
form of the mantle, and consequently the greatest possible effect of the lamp
can be obtained..
For adapting the invention to existing lamps, it is sufficient for this purpose
if a portion of the air supplies.be, made regulatable, and adaptable to the
other non-regulatable air supplies.
By the adjustment of the vaporising device or flame spreader, in the vertical
direction the object is attained of effecting the preliminary heating in the
shortest possible time and in-such manner that after the. adjustment of the
vaporiser, that quantity. of vaporised combustible is, from the beginning,
supplied to the blue flame which it requires for effecting the most intense heat-
ing of the mantle, and in consequence of this vertical adjustment, the blue
flame is rendered quite independent of the height of the wick, so that any
return of the blue flame to the yellow flame is entirely prevented.
.
With the regulating devices heretofore proposed, it is no doubt possible to
regulate the inner and outer air supplies and at the same time to modify the
form of the flame; it is, however, not possible, while maintaining the same
total quantity of the air supply to the flame and consequently maintaining
the quality and size of the flame, to only effect such a variation of the distribu-
tion of the several air currents, that the total air current which results from
the several partial currents impinging at different angles upon each other;
shall, while maintaining its strength or volume, have its direction varied so
as to impart to the flame a different form.
For this purpose it is necessary to provide several or at least two regulatable
air supply channels in the lamp through which the air currents pass in different
paths and at different angles to the place of combustion or flame, so that by the
impinging of two or more air currents of equal or different strength at different
angles, the resulting total air current shall assume that direction which is
necessary for the flame, the total quantity of air supplied to the flame being
maintained the same.
This arrangement of the regulatable air supplies is such that while one of
these regulating devices is opened to a certain greater extent, the other one is
closed to exactly the same extent, and vice versu.
On the accompanying drawing is shewn by way of example at Fig. 1, a
vertical section of an incandescence lamp constructed according to my said
invention, while Figs. 2 and 3 shew modifications of parts of the burner.
As shewn at Fig. 1, a central tube passes through the petroleum vessel a,
which tube, in combination with the tube constitutes the holder for the
wick d which is raised or lowered in the known manner by a toothed wheel.
In the air supply tube b is contained a second tube f of small diameter which
carries at its upper end a hollow body g open at bottom and perforated at the
sides, the lower edge of which is enlarged to constitute the flame spreader,
and which serves both as mixing chamber and as vaporiser. Surrounding the
outer wick tube c is a short outer tube h which is bent inwards at the upper
end, so as to fit against c while its lower end has an external screw thread on
which is screwed the carrier of the chimney gallery, or the wick tube c may
itself be adapted to receive the carrier, for which purpose the tube c may be
formed with a screw thread as at Fig. 3; at the upper end the tube c, Fig. 3,
has a ring slid on it, the upper edge of which is bent inwards for acting as a
gauge for determining the height to which the wick can be raised, the lower

page_text: edge being bent outwards in order to break the upward current of air before
arriving at the flame, this being necessary for obtaining a blue flame with this
kind of vaporisation.
Over the tube h or c is slid the gallery i, which carries the burner cap and
the tube that supports the hood m as also the chimney gallery m¹, so that
these parts are all combined as a whole.
The gallery is provided with air holes
through which air is led to the
upper end of the wick tube c for producing the Bunsen flame.
The tube is also provided with air holes k near its lower end, through
which air passes at a certain angle into the hood m on its way to the flame.
In the chimney gallery, which is rotatably carried by the tube k, there are
provided air holes through which air also passes at a certain angle to the
flame.
The air supply channels ¹² 3 have an important influence upon the form
of the flame, in consequence of their arrangement, which influence can be
greatly increased by means of the regulating devices applied thereto such as
for example by rotatable perforated rings and the like, so that by simultaneously
regulating some or all of these air passages, the flame can have the requisite
form imparted to it to suit a particular incandescence mantle employed.
In Fig. 1 there is shewn, by way of example, a rotatable perforated ring n
as the regulating device for the channels ¹ for the regulation of the
channels the part o of the chimney gallery m¹ is provided with perforations
and is made rotatable on the upper part of the tube k, and for the air supply
channels the perforated ring 7 that serves to carry the glass globe of the
lamp, is also made rotatable.
The regulation of the inner air supply is effected at the upper end of the
wick tube c by raising or lowering the flame spreader and vaporiser 9 Figs. 1
& 2, or the flame spreader g Fig. 3. This adjustment can be effected by
various known devices.
For lamps in which the reservoir for the combustible liquid has the air supply
tube passing through it, the small tube f Fig. 1, or the rod f¹ Fig. 3, can,
for example, be provided at its lower end with a milled button g and with a
screw thread which screws through an internally threaded part of the lamp
base, as shewn, so that by turning the tube f by the button q the flame spreader
can be raised or lowered. By this means the space between the adjustable
part g or g and the upper edge of the wick tube c, and consequently the direc-
tion of the inner air current issuing from the wick tube, can be altered without
altering the total quantity of the air supplied.
With lamps that do not have a central air supply tube passing through the
oil reservoir, the air supply is effected through two lateral openings below
the wick tube, as shewn at Fig. 2. The vertical adjustment of the flame
spreader can in this case be effected, as shewn at Fig. 2, by a device similar
to that generally employed for raising and lowering the wick, in which case
the lower part of the small tube for rod f¹ would be provided with rack teeth
with which gears a toothed pinion as shewn.
The action of the burner is as follows. The vaporiser or flame spreader is
first raised up, the circular wick is lit, and the gallery, together with the in-
candescence mantle and chimney are fitted on. As soon as the yellow flame
has been fully developed, the vaporiser is lowered to such an extent that the
yellow flame is converted into a blue flame. In consequence of the position of
the vaporiser and the arrangement of the air channels, air will be caused to
pass with great force to the flame or into the vaporiser through the inner and
outer air channels (tube b, tube f and holes). The air current passing
through the holes ¹, in consequence of its great velocity, will cause the com-
bustion to take place only imperfectly at the inner edge of the wick, and the
vapours and flame will pass into the interior of the vaporiser or will collect in
the hollow of the flame spreader from which they will, after being in the first

page_text: case,
intimately mixed with air issuing at a high velocity from the small
tube f; pass into the hood m, and, in forming a blue flame will heat the
mantle. The flame issuing from the hood m, which forms the combustion space,
does however, not correspond to the form of the mantle, and consequently in order
to bring it into this form, air is admitted through the holes ¹ which modifies
the form of the flame so as to bring it into contact with the mantle.
Furthermore, other air currents are admitted in a regulated manner through
the holes and to the Bunsen flame produced, so as still further to favorably
modify its form.
Should the flame, although of the right nature, still not be of such form
that the mantle is situated in the combustion zone, or if it be desired to use a
differently formed mantle, the flame can be still further modified in form by the
simultaneous adjustment of the regulating devices for the inner and outer air
supplies, or each can be adjusted separately, or two or more inner and outer
air currents can be simultaneously regulated for giving the flame the required
form, while the total quantity of air supplied to the flame is maintained at
the required strength so that the lamp will continue to burn in a perfect manner
even under the unfavourable conditions first above mentioned, and will give
the greatest possible illuminating effect by means of very simple manipulation.
The regulating devices also serve to produce and maintain a flame free from
soot and smoke.
.
T
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Incandescence Lamps for Liquid Combustibles.
I, ARTHUR POEFFEL, of 9, Rossaner Kaserne, Vienna, Austria, Lieutenant
in the Austrian Army, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The incandescence lamps heretofore employed for liquid combustibles, in
particular for petroleum, and with wick burners, are so arranged that above
the cylindrical wick, at a certain distance therefrom, is provided a vapourising
device in the form of a disc or spreader, or a hollow perforated body, and air
supplies are led from several points to the flame and incandescence mantle, in
order, by the combined action of the air currents supplied under definite con-
ditions and suitably heated, to obtain a hot blue flame which is developed
within the mantle and is adapted accurately to the form thereof, as only by
these means the effect is produced which is the necessary condition with incan-
descence lamps of this kind.
Lamps of this description have however the disadvantage that no means are
provided for remedying defective action if, for example, the incandescence
mantle does not possess the exact form for which the construction of the lamp
was originally designed, or if the mantle should change its form in conse-
quence of shrinking together during the first period of heating: also, if the
temperature of the air supply is raised, or the nature of the liquid combustible
varies, and lastly, if, owing to too strong a heating or cooling, of one part of
the lamp, or obstruction of the air inlets by dust, or the burning of the lamp
in draughts, and other numerous causes, the one or other of the air supplies
does not take place in the manner intended in the construction of the lamp.

page_text: In such cases the form of the flame becomes changed and does not suit the
mantle, so that the illuminating effect of the lamp is considerably reduced and
it is liable to smoke or black and to emit noises.
A further disadvantage of all known incandescence lamps for liquid com-
bustibles consists in that in consequence of the fixed position of the vaporising
device, the heating and vaporising of the combustible can only take place
gradually, the result of which is, that such lamps have to be continually
watched in order to prevent the mantle from being completely blacked during
an unwatched moment, so that the lamp becomes overheated and rendered quite
useless.
With many of these lamps the preliminary heating is limited to a minimum
duration, because if the original yellow flame should become too hot, the
"Bunsen or blue flame will not be produced.
"
All these disadvantages are avoided in the construction of lamp which forms
the subject of the present invention, by the following provisions:-
1. In addition to the one or the two outer air supplies which are generally
required for producing a hot flame, two or more further air currents are led
from the outside in different paths to the place of combustion and impinge at
different angles upon the Bunsen flame already formed, either all or one or
more of which air currents are made capable of regulation.
2. The inner air supply is effected in a single current or in two divided
currents of different velocities, and it can be so regulated by a vertically adjust-
able flame spreader or vaporiser, that by this means the direction of the air
current passing to the flame or vaporiser is altered.
By the regulation of the outer and inner air supply the object is attained of
so arranging the air supplies that the flame can be accurately adapted to the
form of the mantle, and consequently the greatest possible effect of the lamp
can be obtained.
For adapting the invention to existing lamps, it is sufficient for this purpose
if a portion of the air supplies be made regulatable, and adaptable to the
other non-regulatable air supplies.
By the adjustment of the vaporising device or flame spreader, in the vertical
direction the object is attained of effecting the preliminary heating in the
shortest possible time and in such manner that after the adjustment of the
vaporiser, that quantity of vaporised combustible is, from the beginning,
supplied to the blue flame which it requires for effecting the most intense heat-
ing of the mantle, and in consequence of this vertical adjustment, the blue
flame is rendered quite independent of the height of the wick, so that any
return of the blue flame to the yellow flame is entirely prevented.
With the regulating devices heretofore proposed, it is no doubt possible to
regulate the inner and outer air supplies and at the same time to modify the
form of the flame; it is, however, not possible, while maintaining the same
total quantity of the air supply to the flame and consequently maintaining
the quality and size of the flame, to only effect such a variation of the distribu-
tion of the several air currents, that the total air current which results from
the several partial currents impinging at different angles upon each other,
shall, while maintaining its strength or volume, have its direction varied so
as to impart to the flame a different form.
For this purpose it is necessary to provide several or at least two regulatable
air supply channels in the lamp through which the air currents pass in different
paths and at different angles to the place of combustion or flame, so that by the
impinging of two or more air currents of equal or different strength at different
angles, the resulting total air current shall assume that direction which is
necessary for the flame, the total quantity of air supplied to the flame being
maintained the same.
This arrangement of the regulatable air supplies is such that while one of

page_text: these regulating devices is opened to a certain greater extent, the other one
closed to exactly the same extent, and vice versa.
On the drawing accompanying my Provisional Specification is shewn by way
of example at Fig. 1, a vertical section of an incandescence lamp constructed
according to my said invention, while Figs. 2 and 3 shew modifications of parts
of the burner.
As shewn at Fig. 1, a central tube passes through the petroleum vessel a,
which tube, in combination with the tube c constitutes the holder for the
wick d which is raised or lowered in the known manner by a toothed 'wheel.
In the air supply tube is contained a second tube f of small diameter which
carries at its upper end a hollow body g open at bottom and perforated at 'the
sides, the lower edge of which is enlarged to constitute the flame spreader,
and which serves both as mixing chamber and as vaporiser. Surrounding the
outer wick tube c is a short outer tube h which is bent inwards at the upper
end, so as to fit against c while its lower end has an external screw thread on
which is screwed the carrier 4 of the chimney gallery, or the wick tube c may
itself be adapted to receive the carrier, for which purpose the tube c may be
formed with a screw thread as at Fig. 3; at the upper end the tube c, Fig. 3,
has a ring slid on it, the upper edge of which is bent inwards for acting as a
gauge for determining the height to which the wick can be raised, the lower
edge being bent outwards in order to break the upward current of air before
arriving at the flame, this being necessary for obtaining a blue flame with this
kind of vaporisation.
Over the tube h or c is slid the gallery, which carries the burner cap and
the tube that supports the hood m as also the chimney gallery m¹, so that
these parts are all combined as a whole.
The gallery is provided with air holes
through which air is led to the
upper end of the wick tube c for producing the Bunsen flame.
The tube is also provided with air holes near its lower end, through
which air passes at a certain angle into the hood m on its way to the flame.
In the chimney gallery, which is rotatably carried by the tube k, there are
provided air holes through which air also passes at a certain angle to the
flame.
:
The air supply channels have an important influence upon the form
of the flame, in consequence of their arrangement, which influence can be
greatly increased by means of the regulating devices applied thereto such as
for example by rotatable perforated rings and the like, so that by simultaneously
regulating some or all of these air passages the flame can have the requisite
form imparted to it to suit a particular incandescence mantle employed.
In Fig. 1 there is shewn, by way of example, a rotatable perforated ring n
as the regulating device for the channels ; for the regulation of the
channels the part o of the chimney gallery m is provided with perforations
and is made rotatable on the upper part of the tube k, and for the air supply
channels the perforated ring p that serves to carry the glass globe of the
lamp, is also made rotatable.
The regulation of the inner air supply is effected at the upper end of the
wick tube c by raising or lowering the flame spreader and vaporiser g Figs. 1
and 2, or the flame spreader g Fig. 3. This adjustment can be effected by
various known devices.
For lamps in which the reservoir for the combustible liquid has the air supply
tube passing through it, the small tube f Fig. 1, or the rod f¹ Fig. 3, can,
for example, be provided at its lower end with a milled button q and with a
screw thread which screws through an internally threaded part of the lamp
base as shewn, so that by turning the tube f by the button g the flame spreader
can be raised or lowered. By this means the space between the adjustable
part g or gand the upper edge of the wick tube c, and consequently the direc-

page_text: tion of the inner air current issuing from the wick tube, can be altered without
altering the total quantity of the air supplied.
With lamps that do not have a central air supply tube passing through the
oil reservoir, the air supply is effected through two lateral openings below
the wick tube, as shewn at Fig. 2. The vertical adjustment of the flame
spreader can in this case be effected, as shewn at Fig. 2, by a device similar
to that generally employed for raising and lowering the wick, in which case
the lower part of the small tube f or rod f¹ would be provided with rack teeth
with which gears a toothed pinion as shewn.
The action of the burner is as follows. The vaporiser or flame spreader is
first raised up, the circular wick is lit, and the gallery, together with the in-
candescence inantle and chimney are fitted on. As soon as the yellow flame
has been fully developed, the vaporiser is lowered to such an extent that the
yellow flame is converted into a blue flame. In consequence of the position of
the vaporiser and the arrangement of the air channels, air will be caused to
pass with great force to the flame or into the vaporiser through the inner and
outer air channels (tube b, tube f and holes ). The air current passing
through the holes, in consequence of its great velocity, will cause the com-
bustion to take place only imperfectly at the inner edge of the wick, and the
vapours and flame will pass into the interior of the vaporiser or will collect in
the hollow of the flame spreader from which they will, after being in the first
case, intimately mixed with air issuing at a high velocity from the small
tube f; pass into the hood me, and, in forming a blue flame will heat the
mantle. The flame issuing from the hood m, which forms the combustion space,
does however, not correspond to the form of the mantle, and consequently in order
to bring it into this form, air is admitted through the holes k¹ which modifies
the form of the flame so as to bring it into contact with the mantle.
Furthermore, other air currents are admitted in a regulated manner through
the holes and to the Bunsen flame produced, so as still further to favorably
modify its form.
Should the flame, although of the right nature, still not be of such form
that the mantle is situated in the combustion zone, or if it be desired to use a
differently formed mantle, the flame can be still further modified in form by the
simultaneous adjustment of the regulating devices for the inner and outer air
supplies, or each can be adjusted separately, or two or more inner and outer
air currents can be simultaneously regulated for giving the flame the required
form, while the total quantity of air supplied to the flame is maintained at
the required strength so that the lamp will continue to burn in a perfect manner
even under the unfavourable conditions first above mentioned, and will give
the greatest possible illuminating effect by means of very simple manipulation.
The regulating devices also serve to produce and maintain a flame free from
soot and smoke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. An incandescence lamp for liquid combustible wherein two or more of
the external air supplies that influence the form of the flame are made adjust-
able while the inner air supply is so regulated by raising or lowering the flame
spreader or equivalent device, that while maintaining one and the same volume
of air supply, the direction of the air currents can be varied for the purpose of
enabling the various air supplies to be varied while the total volume of the
air supply remains constant, substantially as described.
2. In the construction of lamp referred to in the first claim an arrangement
for regulating the inner air supply consisting of a flame spreader or equivalent
device that can be raised or lowered, so that by the adjustment thereof relatively

page_text: to the upper edge of the wick tube the direction of the air currents issuing from
the central passage of the wick tube can be varied without altering the total
quantity of air supply, substantially as described.
Dated this 22nd day of Wa 1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.