Improvements in or applicable to Ingot and similar Moulds, and to the Manufacture of Ingots.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 29th Jan.,
1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Ingot and similar Moulds, and to
the Manufacture of Ingots.
I, WILLIAM BUCKLEY, of Patent Piston Works, Millsands, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in or applicable to ingot and similar
moulds, and to the manufacture of ingots.
Ingot moulds are ordinarily constructed of metal, open at one end and in
half parts, being divided lengthways and having lips, lugs or equivalent means
adapted to retain said half parts in their proper relative positions, the whole
being secured together by iron bands or hoops and wedges.
In use, the mould is placed in an upright position and is filled or nearly so
with metal poured thereiuto at its upper and open end. In practice, it is found
that, when the ingot is cold, a portion of its upper end is useless and has to be
broken off and remelted, owing to the porous or spongy condition thereof forming
a pipe or core extending a greater or less distance into the ingot, to which extent
the ingot is practically worthless.
The object of this invention is to avoid such disadvantage and loss, and to
obtain sound ingots homogeneous throughout.
To this end, the invention involves the application of the fact or principle that,
the thickest part in any casting remains the longest in the fluid state and is
the last to set and cool and is always the most spongy and defective part of the
casting, to the attainment of the stated object, and the improvements consist in
so forming or adapting ingot moulds as to enable a head of molten metal of any
required depth and of a greater (preferably, a much greater) sectional area than
that within the mould and serving to form the ingot, to be maintained above such
metal within the mould in such manner that the head or surplusage of metal
shall serve to feed with molten metal the metal within the mould until the ingot
solidifies therein, whereby sound and solid ingots free from a spongy core and
homogeneous throughout are obtained, and any such spongy condition as is
consequential as aforesaid is limited to such lastly setting head or surplusage of
metal, which is subsequently broken off from the ingot proper.
On the accompanying drawings;
Fig. 1, represents the improved mould in longitudinal section; Fig. 2, repre-
sents the same in elevation and Fig. 3, represents the same partly in plan and
partly in sectional plan:
Figs. 4, and 5, represent sectional elevations of modifications applicable to
existing moulds.
A, represents the ingot mould proper, which is or may be formed similar
in its internal and external configuration to any existing style or type of mould.
In accordance with the present improvement, the mould is formed or adapted
with a head part B, constituting a chamber for containing the said head or
surplusage of molten metal, which serves to feed the metal forming the ingot

page_text: within the mould. The head B, may be made integral with or may be removably
applicable to the mould, and may be made of any required depth and of any
required cross-sectional area exceeding that of the mould, and may be made of a
rectangular, circular, bell-shaped or other suitable form.
In making new moulds, I prefer to make the mould and feeding head integral,
vide Figs. 1, to 3, but they may be made separate and detachable, vide Figs. 4,
and 5, as they would be made when applying the invention to existing moulds,
in which latter case the feeding head may be made of clay, ganister, metal or
any other suitable material, at but very little cost.
When the feeding head is made integral with the ingot mould, both the head
and the mould are longitudinally divided, as ingot moulds ordinarily are, but,
when the head is applied to ingot moulds already in use, it may, if desired, either
be made in one piece or in separate parts.
At the point at which the head B, merges into the mould A, I may form an
inner projecting lip C, extending around or partly around the internal edge, in
order to form a neck around the ingot adapted to facilitate the subsequent breaking
off of the metal left in the head B, from that in the mould A, but the mould and
head may be made without such lip C.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. An ingot mould formed or adapted with a head part made of any required
depth and of a greater internal sectional area than that of the mould, and serving
to enable a head of molten metal, of any required depth and of a greater cross
sectional area than that of the metal within the mould and forming the ingot,
to be maintained as a surplusage of molten metal above such metal within the
mould, in such manner that such head or surplusage of metal shall serve to feed
with molten metal the metal within the mould and forming the ingot, until the
latter solidifies, as and for the purpose set forth.
2. The process of manufacturing ingots, consisting in forming the same, within
suitably adapted moulds, under a head of molten metal, of any required depth
and of a greater cross sectional area than that of the metal within the mould
and forming the ingot, maintained as a surplusage of molten metal above such
metal within the mould, in such manner that such head or surplusage of metal
serves to feed with molten metal the metal within the mould and forming the
ingot, until the latter solidifies, whereby sound and homogeneous ingots, readily
separable from the unsound surplusage of metal, are obtained, as set forth.
Datel this 25th day of November 1897
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.