AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR THE PREVENTION OF INCRUSTATIONS AND OF GALVANIC ACTION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, MARK ANTHONY FRANCIS MENNONS, of 52. Rue Basse du Rempart, Paris,
in France, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR THE PREVENTION OF INCRUSTATIONS AND OF
GALVANIC ACTION IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved compound for the prevention of incrusta-
tions and of Galvanic action in Steam Boilers, and which may, when so required,
be used for the removal of incrustations already formed.
The essential element of this compound is Chloride of Lead, used in combination
with certain organic products and alkaline Salts among which I give preference to
the Valonia or acorns of the " Quercus Egylops" and Chloride of Ammonium,
with addition, in special cases, of a lime precipitating reagent.
The proportions of these ingredients vary according to their form and quality,
and according to the nature of the waters on which they are intended to act, and
which may, in practice, be divided into four classes, vizt:-
a. Sea water; b.-River or brackish waters; c.-Waters highly charged with
Sulphate of Lime; and, d.-Condensed or other comparatively pure waters.
For each of these classes, I use by preference the following proportions, calculated
on materials of the best current commercial quality:
Chloride of Lead:
Valonia:
Chloride of Ammonium :
(a.) For Sea Water.
Twenty Pounds.
One thousand Pounds.
Five hundred Pounds.

page_text: Chloride of Lead:
Valonia:
Chloride of Ammonium: from
Carbonate of Soda, or equivalent
Fifty Pounds.
One thousand Pounds.
Five to Fifty Pounds.
of any other suitable lime One hundred and fifty Pounds.
precipitating reagent:
Plus for each class, an addition of Sumac, the proportion of which is of little
importance, but which may be estimated at from five to ten per cent by weight of
This substance is only introduced for the purpose of counteracting the
moisture disengaged by the other ingredients, and may be replaced by any other
analogous material.
the mass.
The different materials should be finely pulverised and incorporated by any
suitable apparatus, and the finished compound should be preserved in closed
recipients from contact of air and moisture.
The average dose of the compound may be stated at about one quarter of an
ounce per day of twenty four hours and per horse power of Boiler capacity. For
the classes a. and c., a supply sufficient for say fifteen days' continuous work may
be introduced at a time, and for classes b. and d., a supply sufficient for say thirty
days, all more or less variable according to circumstances. The latter class (d.)
comprises Boilers of Condensing Engines and certain others fed by comparatively
pure waters and which, while less liable to incrustations, are more exposed to
Galvanic action.
It should be observed that of all the secondary ingredients to be used in
combination with the Chloride of Lead, I give preference to the Valonia and
Chloride of Ammonium, although analogous results can be obtained from other
alkaline salts in connection with Liquorice root and other organic products
(especially those derived from the " Genus Acacia"), none of which ingredients
however have been found so generally efficient in practice as those above specified.
I am aware that an infinite variety of organic substances, and of alkalis and
alkaline salts have already been applied with more or less success to the prevention
of Steam Boiler incrustations, either separately or in connection with each other,
but I am not aware that Chloride of Lead, which, as above stated, is the essential
element of the present compound, has in any case been used for that purpose in
combination with such materials, on which it exercises a special action hitherto
undiscovered.
Dated this instantl

page_text: I, MARK ANTHONY FRANCIS MENNONS, of 52. Rue Basse du Rempart, Paris,
in France, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR THE PREVENTION OF INCRUSTATIONS AND OF
GALVANIC ACTION IN STEAM BOILERS," a communication to me from abroad by
René de Martino of Meta Sorrento in the Kingdom of Italy and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to an improved compound for the prevention of incrusta-
tions and of Galvanic action in Steam Boilers, and which may, when so required,
be used for the removal of incrustations already formed.
The essential element of this compound is Chloride of Lead, used in combination
with certain organic products and alkaline Salts among which I give preference to
the Valonia or acorns of the "Quercus Egylops" and Chloride of Ammonium,
with addition, in special cases, of a lime precipitating reagent.
The proportions of these ingredients vary according to their form and quality,
and according to the nature of the waters on which they are intended to act, and
which may, in practice, be divided into four classes, viz. :
a.-Sea water. b.-River or brackish waters; c.—
-Waters highly charged with
Sulphate of Lime; and, d.-Condensed or other comparatively pure waters.
For each of these classes, I use by preference the following proportions, calculated
on materials of the best current commercial quality:

page_text: Plus for each class, an addition of Sumac, the proportion of which is of little
importance, but which may be estimated at from five to ten per cent by weight of
the mass. This substance is only introduced for the purpose of counteracting the
moisture disengaged by the other ingredients, and may be replaced by any other
analogous material.
The different materials should be finely pulverised and incorporated by any
suitable apparatus, and the finished compound should be preserved in closed
recipients from contact of air and moisture.
The average dose of the compound may be stated at about one quarter of an
ounce per day of twenty four hours and per horse power of Boiler capacity. For
the classes a. and c., a supply sufficient for say fifteen days' continuous work may
be introduced at a time, and for classes b. and d., a supply sufficient for say thirty
days, all more or less variable according to circumstances. The latter class (d.)
comprises Boilers of Condensing Engines and certain others fed by comparatively
pure waters and which, while less liable to incrustations, are more exposed to
Galvanic action.
It should be observed that of all the secondary ingredients to be used in
combination with the Chloride of Lead, I give preference to the Valonia and
Chloride of Ammonium, although analogous results can be obtained from other
alkaline salts in connection with Liquorice root and other organic products
(especially those derived from the "Genus Acacia"), none of which ingredients
however have been found so generally efficient in practice as those above specified.
I am aware that an infinite variety of organic substances, and of alkalis and
alkaline salts have already been applied with more or less success to the prevention
of Steam Boiler incrustations, either separately or in connection with each other,
but I am not aware that Chloride of Lead which, as above stated, is the essential
element of the present compound, has in any case been used for that purpose in
combination with such materials, on which it exercises a special action bitherto
undiscovered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
A compound for the prevention (or removal) of incrustations and of Galvanic
action in Steam Boilers, having for its essential element Chloride of Lead, used in
combination with organic products, such as (by preference) the Valonia or acorns
of the "Quercus Egylops," and alkaline salts, such as (by preference) Chloride
of Ammonium supplemented, when so required, by a suitable lime precipitating
reagent such as Carbonate of Soda, or any equivalents thereof, the whole incorporated
by suitable means, substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this eighth day of November 1884.