IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF FURNACES FOR PUDDLING, BALLING, HEATING, AND MELTING METALS, AND FOR ECONOMIZING THE HEAT OF SUCH
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Caddick, of Ebbw Vale, in the County of
Monmouthshire, Furnace Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF FURNACES FOR PUDDLING, BALLING,
HEATING, AND MELTING METALS, AND FOR ECONOMIZING THE HEAT OF SUCH
Sealed the 26th February 1867, and dated the 3rd September 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Caddick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd'
September 1866.
I, DAVID CADDICK, of Ebbw Vale, in the County of Monmouthshire,
Furnace Builder, do hereby declare the nature of. the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF FURNACES FOR PUDDLING,
BALLING, HEATING, AND MELTING METALS, AND FOR ECONOMIZING THE HEAT OF
SUCH FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of furnaces
similar in character to the arrangement described in the Specification of an
Invention for which a Patent was granted to me, dated July 19, 1865
(No. 1882), and my present improvements relate, first, to the application of
water spaces to the door, door frames, and supporting frames of puddling and
other furnaces for heating and melting metals. For this purpose I construct

page_text: the parts or frame around the door hollow, into which the water is by
preference conducted from one of the columns (described in the Specification
before referred to). From the door frame the water passes into channels or
passages formed or cast in the frame which supports the furnace bottom. The
door may either be cast hollow or have wrought-iron water pipes cast into it,
or it may be made of wrought iron. From one of the columns the water is
conducted to the cinder plate, and from thence to the flue part of the bottom
frame, the water from another of the columns being conducted to the bridge
and jamb plates. The door may either be formed hollow for the passage of
water through it to prevent the radiation of the heat according to this part of
my improvements, or a separate water chamber may be employed in com-
bination with the ordinary door of the furnace. The door if made hollow may
be connected with a continuous supply of water placed above it, and connected
therewith by a water slide pipe to admit of the rising or other movement of
the door, or of the separate water chamber when so arranged in combination
with an ordinary door, but the mode of connecting the water space of the
door or moveable chamber with the supply may be by means of a pipe and
flexible connection or otherwise, as may be found most convenient.
The frame which supports the furnace bottom is cast with grooves or
channels to receive the jamb plates, bridge plates, and bottom plate flanches,
leaving spaces or channels for the circulation of the water as it flows from the
"boshes" over the jamb and bridge plates into the bottom frame. A wrought
iron band with expansion joint is applied to the bottom frame when made of
cast iron, or the frame may be made entirely of wrought iron.
In the Specification before referred to the jamb and bridge plates are
described as being formed with a trough for the reception of the water as it
flows from the jamb blocks or "boshes" and columns; now I find it desirable
to apply several of such troughs to the jamb and bridge plates, and I form
conical holes in the sides of these plates just below the edge or lip of each
trough, so that the water can pass through the plates and come in contact
with the cinder or lining of the furnace for the purpose of cooling and pre-
venting its rapid destruction and thus save "fettling." The water is allowed
to flow continually through the door and door frame, but it may be cut off
from the jamb and bridge plates and bottom frame, except when melting and
working the metal, the air circulating through such parts when the water is
cut off, the water being employed to protect the workman from the excessive
beat at the time of melting and working the metal, and also to prevent the
too rapid destruction of the lining and other parts of the furnace. If
preferred jets of water may flow from the columns ou to the jamb and

page_text: bridge plates when required, and I prefer to make the bridge plates of curved
form placed back to back to obtain increased strength therefo.
Another part of my improvements relates to the application of water pipes
with perforations arranged so as to cause streams of water to flow over the
inner and outer surfaces of the front plates to the jamb blocks or boshes, and
thence to the bridge plates as previously described. This part of my improve-
ments is applicable to furnaces of ordinary construction for the purpose of
keeping the exterior parts cool when required. For the "necks" of furnaces
of this description the dampers are also formed hollow or with pipes for the
passage of water to keep the same cool.
Another part of my improvements consists in having hollow plates or
"boshes" kept cool by the passage of water through them for the workmen
to stand upon when at work near the furnace.
The second part of my Invention consists in the mode of arranging steam
boilers in combination with furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and melting
metals. For this purpose I so arrange a vertical steam boiler or boilers that
the heat as it passes away from such furnace, or furnaces (where several are
arranged or combined together) is conducted into suitable flucs for heating
such boiler or boilers. This part of my Invention will be readily understood
by reference to the accompanying Drawings (and to the description of the
parts written thereon) which show an arrangement of vertical boilers and flues
for conducting and economizing the heat as it passes away from the flues of a
puddling, balling, or other furnace for heating and melting metals; II is a
heater for heating the water preparatory to its entering the boiler. Suitable
feed pipes, safety valves, indicators, steam pipes, or other apparatus is arranged
in combination with the steam boilers, heated as above described according
to this part of my improvements.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Caddick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
March 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
CADDICK, of Ebbw Vale, in the County of Monmouthsire, Furnace Builder,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said David Caddick, Her special licence that I, the said David Caddick, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David
Caddick, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF FURNACES FOR PUDDLING, BALLING, HEATING,
AND MELTING METALS, AND FOR ECONOMIZING THE HEAT OF SUCH FURNACES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Caddick, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Caddick, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of furnaces similar
in character to the arrangement described in the Specification of an Invention
for which a Patent was granted to me dated July 19th 1865 (No. 1882),
and my present improvements relate, first, to the application of water spaces
to the door, door frames and supporting frames of puddling and other furnaces
for heating and melting metals.
And in order that my improvements may be most fully understood and
readily carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed, which show several views of a puddling furnace having my improve-
ments applied thereto; and as the nature of each of the views is written thercon
it will not be necessary for me to repeat the same here.
In carrying out my improvements I construct the parts or frame around
the door a (Fig. 1) of a puddling or other furnace hollow, into which the
water is, by preference, conducted from one of the columns placed on each
side of the door (arranged as described in the Specification before referred to).
From the door frame b the water passes by means of pipes, indicated by bluo
lines through the cinder plate, and into channels or passages formed or cast in
the frame C, which supports the furnace bottom e. The door a and door frame

page_text: b may either be cast hollow, or have wrought-iron water pipes cast into it, or
it be made of wrought iron as shewn in the plan view of a double puddling
furnace at Figure 5. Or the water may be conducted from one of the columns
to the cinder plate d, and from thence to the flue part of the bottom frame c,
the water from another of the columns being conducted to the bridge and
jamb plates e, e¹. The door a, may either be formed hollow for the passage-
of water through it to prevent the radiation of the heat according to this part
of my improvements, or a separate water chamber a* may be employed in
combination with the ordinary door a¹ of the furnace, as shown at Figure 2
of the Drawings. The door a, if made hollow, may be connected with a
continuous supply of water placed above it, and connected therewith by a
water slide pipe to admit of the rising or other movement of the door a, or of
the separate water chamber when so arranged in combination with an ordinary
door, but the mode of connecting the water space of the door or moveable.
chamber with the water supply may be by means of a pipe a³, and flexible
connection as, as shewn in elevation at Figure 1 of the Drawings, or otherwise
as may be found most convenient. The frame c which supports the furnace
bottom is cast with grooves or channels to receive the edges of tho jamb plates,
bridge plates, and bottom plate flanches, leaving spaces or channels for the cir-
culation of the water as it flows from the "boshes" or jamb blocks f over the
jamb and bridge plates e', e', into the bottom frame e. A wrought-iron band c¹
with expansion joints is applied to the bottom frame c, when made of cast iron,
or the frame may be made entirely of wrought iron if preferred.
In the Specification before referred to the jamb and bridge plates are described
as being formed with a trough for the reception of the water as it flows from
the jamb blocks or boshes" and columns, now I find it desirable to apply
several of such troughs, as shown at e*, Figures 1 and 3, to the jamb and
bridge plates e, e, and I form conical holes in the sides of these plates just
below the edge or lip of each trough, so that the water can pass through the
plates and come in contact with the cinder or lining of the furnace for the
purpose of cooling and preventing its rapid destruction, and thus save "fettling."
The water is allowed to flow continually through the door a and door frame b,
but it may be cut off from the jamb and bridge plates e, e¹, and bottom
frame c except when melting and working the metal, the air circulating through
such parts when the water is cut off, the water being employed to protect the
workmen from the excessive heat at the time of melting and working the
metal, and also to prevent the too rapid destruction of the lining and other
parts of the furnace. The circulation of water over the jamb plates and
bottom may be dispensed with in the heating and melting furnaces. If pre-

page_text: ferred jets of water may be arranged, so as to flow from the columns on to the
jamb and bridge plates e', e', when required, and I prefer to make the bridge
plates of curved form placed back to back (as shewn in plan at Figure 2 of
the Drawings) to obtain increased strength thereto.
Another part of my improvements relates to the application of water pipes
with perforations arranged so as to cause streams of water to flow over the
inner and outer surfaces of the front plates to the jamb blocks or boshes, and
thence to the bridge plates, as previously described. This part of my improve-
ments is applicable to puddling and other furnaces of ordinary construction for
the purpose of keeping the exterior parts cool when required. For the
"necks" of furnaces of this description the dampers are also formed hollow,
or with pipes for the passage of water to keep the same cool.
"
Another of my improvements consists in having hollow plates or "boshes
kept cool by the passage of water through them for the workmen to stand
upon when at work near the furnace.
The second part of my Invention consists in the mode of arranging steam
boilers in combination with furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and melting
metals. For this purpose I so arrange a vertical steam boiler or boilers that
the heat as it passes away from such furnace or furnaces (where several are
arranged or combined together) is conducted into suitable flues for beating
such boiler or boilers. This part of my Invention will be readily understood
by reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings, which show
an arrangement of vertical boilers and flues for conducting and economizing
the heat as it passes away from the flues of a puddling, balling, or other
similar furnace for heating and melting metals. A, A, are vertical steam
boilers; B, B, the flues which conduct the heat thereto from the puddling (or
other similar) furnaces P arranged in combination therewith, the products of
combustion being conducted away from each of the separate furnaces and
flues B, B, to the chimnics or shafts C, C, as shewn; D is a heater for heating
the feed water preparatory to its entering the boilers A, A; any suitable
arrangement of feed pipes, safety valves, indicators, steam pipes, or other appa-
ratus may be arranged in combination with the steam boilers A, A, so as to
economize the heat as it passes away from the furnaces and flues of puddling
or other furnaces for heating and melting metals as above described according
to this part of my improvements.
Figure 7 shows part of an elevation of a vertical boiler A and setting
supported upon the iron columns E, E, and plates F, F, this being the
arrangement I prefer to employ in carrying out this part of my improvements,
particularly when it is desirable to economize space. The foundation plate F

page_text: (a plan of which is shewn at Figure 8 which supports the columns E, E, is
of corresponding form to the plate F¹ which supports the setting and boiler A.
By this arrangement the boilers A can be placed much nearer to the puddling
or other furnaces for heating and melting metal, the flues therefrom being
conducted between the columns E underneath the boilers.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact details herein shown and described; but what I claim is,-
First, the construction of furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and
melting metals, whereby streams of water are caused to flow through the
doors, door frames, and into and over certain parts of such furnaces, for the
purpose of keeping the same cool, as herein described in reference to Figures
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
I also claim the application of perforated pipes to cause streams of water to
flow over the inner and outer surfaces of the front plates to the jamb blocks
or "boshes," and from thence to the bridge plates of furnaces for puddling,
balling, heating, and melting metals, for the purpose of keeping the parts
cool, as herein described.
I also claim the forming of the dampers for, the necks of furnaces of this
description hollow, or with pipes for the passage of water to keep the same
cool, as herein described.
.
I also claim the application of hollow plates or boshes kept cool by the
passages of water through them for the workman to stand upon when engaged
at work near to furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and melting metals,
as herein described.
And, lastly, I claim the arrangement of steam boilers in combination with
furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and melting metals, in order to
economize the heat from such furnaces, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Caddick, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
DAVID CADDICK. (L.S.)