Improvements in Churns, Milk Tankards, Barrels and Similar Vessels Made of Wood.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Churns, Milk Tankards, Barrels and Similar Vessels
Made of Wood.
We, HENRY BUCKLEY and JOSEPH EDWARD BUCKLEY, of Buckleys' Cooperage
Co., of 18, Wilfrid Street, Moorhey, Oldham, Coopers, and ROBERT BUCKLEY,
of 245, Park Road, Oldham, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of our
said invention to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to churns, milk tankards, milk pails and similar dairy
utensils, or to Harness, Gunpowder Casks and Vats or other vessels made of wood
and usually with one end open, fitted with a lid, and requiring to be strengthened
and kept in a permanent shape to suit a lid, and insure of the lid being always
easily adjusted and yet closely fitted to such vessels.
Hitherto it has been the custom in some classes of the above named vessels
to apply either an outside hoop, or an inside hoop, or both, and fasten them by
screws passing through the said hoop, or hoops, and through the vessel material,
which arrangements have been faulty in that the outer hoop has been cumbersome,
and the inner hoop has formed a ledge for dirt or foreign matter to collect under
or upon, or has rendered the interior of the vessel difficult to clean.
Now our invention consists in placing or imbedding a hoop or band of metal in
the substance of the barrel, churn or vessel, and in such a way that (conjointly
with an outside hoop, or otherwise) the hoop will form its own fastening, be entirely.
removed from the interior of the vessel, and effect the strengthening of the end
or ends, and retention of the shape thereof, in a more efficient manner than hereto-
fore.
In applying the said hoop we first form a groove in the edge of the churn or
other vessel to be treated, and we then place the hoop, which is of corresponding
diameter at one edge, but of a slightly less diameter on the other edge and is there-
fore slightly tapered, over such groove, and simultaneously with the driving of a.
hoop on the exterior side of the churn, we drive the said tapered hoop in to the
groove, which when fully home or in its groove, and by reason of the contracting
influence of the outer hoop, and its own, becomes firmly imbedded in the wood,
and owing to its shape produces a 'dovetail' effect on the groove which afterwards
prevents its withdrawal.
In such way we effectually strengthen the end, or ends, of churns or barrels,
and leave the inside perfectly free for cleaning purposes.
In lieu of a tapered hoop we may employ a straight hoop, and in some cases we.
may dispense with the outside hoop, the use of the latter being chiefly intended for
barrels and the like to help to bring the stave ends into their curved form.
In lieu of a metal hoop driven in as aforesaid it will be apparent that it may

page_text: be moulded in the groove, and that our improvements may be applied to both ends
of the vessel.
1 1
·
HENRY BUCKLEY.
JOSEPH EDWARD BUCKLEY.
ROBERT BUCKLEY,
By John G. Wilson & Co.,
Agents.
Improvements in Churns, Milk Tankards, Barrels and Similar Vessels
Made of Wood.
We, HENRY BUCKLEY and JOSEPH EDWARD BUCKLEY, of Buckley's Cooperage
Company, Moorhey, Oldham, Coopers, and ROBERT BUCKLEY, of 245, Park Road,
Oldham, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
Our improvements relate to churns, milk tankards, milk pails and similar Dairy
utensils, or to Harness, Gunpowder Casks and Vats or other vessels made of wood
and usually with one end open and fitted with a lid, and requiring to be strengthened
and kept in a permanent shape to suit a lid, and insure of the lid being always
easily adjusted and yet closely fitted to such vessels. Hitherto, it has been the
custom in some classes of the above named vessels to apply either an outside: hoop,
or an inside hoop, or both, and fasten them by screws passing through the said
hoop, or hoops, and through the vessel material, but such arrangements have been
faulty, in that the outer hoop has been cumbersome, and the inner hoop has formed
ledge for dirt or foreign matter to collect under, or upon, or has rendered the
interior of the vessel difficult to clean.
a
Now our invention consists in placing or imbedding a hoop or band of metal in
the substance of the barrel, churn or vessel and in such a way that (conjointly
with an outside hoop, or otherwise), the hoop will form its own fastening, be
entirely removed from the interior of the vessel, and effect the strengthening of
the end or ends, and retention of the shape thereof in a more efficient manner than
the means heretofore employed.
In applying the said hoop we first form a groove in the end of the churn or other
vessel to be treated, and we then place the hoop, which is of corresponding diameter
at one edge, but of a less diameter on the other edge and therefore tapered,—
over such groove, and simultaneously or otherwise with the driving of hoop on
the exterior side of the churn, we drive the said tapered hoop into the groove,
which when fully 'home' or in its groove, and by reason of the contracting influ-
ence of the outer hoop, and its own, becomes firmly imbedded in the wood, and
owing to its shape produces a 'dovetail' effect which afterwards prevents its with-
drawal.
1. '
In such way we effectually prevent the open end of a churn or like vessel
changing its original circular form, and in the case of barrels we prevent the
breakage of the staves at the chime' or groove, or the 'scotching' (disturbance)
of the joints, and in beer barrels we prevent the leakage and consequent loss in
'condition' of the liquor.. We also prevent the leakage, caused by the ordinary end
hoop being stripped or knocked off, and the leakage which would occur if the
head were split, which our imbedded hoop prevents, and all of which evils

page_text: pequemory occur when Towering casks into cellars, or in transporting or delivering
liquors generally.
In the same way we also leave the inside of the vessel perfectly free for cleaning
purposes.
In lieu of a tapered hoop, we may employ a straight hoop, and in some cases
we may dispense with the outside hoop.
In lieu of a metal hoop driven as aforesaid, it will be apparent that it may be
moulded in the groove, and that our improvements may be applied to both end's
of the vessel.
And in order that our said invention may be more readily understood and carried
into practical effect, we have hereunto annexed a sheet of drawings, and will now
proceed to describe the same with the figures and letters of reference marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is 'a longitudinal section and Fig. 2 the plan of a barrel with our improve-
ments applied thereto.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a churn or like vessel composed of staves and
with our invention applied thereto. Fig. 4 shews on a larger scale the two hoops
previous to being driven into position, and Fig. 5 shews the same hoops after
being driven 'home.' Figs. 6 to 10 illustrate details of modifications.
In applying our invention we take the finished vessel, and by suitable turning
or grooving tool first form the groove (A) which extends all round the top of
the vessel, and is of a depth, and width, corresponding to the hoop (B), or is
greater, or less, in depth, as shewn in Figs. 9 and 10, so as to allow the said hoop (B)
to become fixed below or above the edge of the vessel,-in the latter case to form
a protection to the edge of the vessel, and produce a hard and regular surface for
a lid or cover to lie against and for other trade purposes. We then open out the
joints of the staves by slackening the exterior top hoop (C) until it occupies the
position shewn in Fig. 4, and has therefore allowed the joints to open somewhat,
and the top part of vessel to expand in order that the top portion of groove (A)
and bottom part of hoop (B) may coincide.
We then drive both hoops down simultaneously, and both being similarly in-
clined the effect of so doing is to contract the top part of vessel, i.e., to bring the
stave ends together, and close the joints.
The hoop (B) is effective without the exterior hoop (C), which may in some cases
be dispensed with.
The contracting of the top of vessel produces an inclination of the groove (co-
incident with the play of hoop), which effectively prevents the displacement of
hoop (B) from constant bumping on end of vessel.
In order to further strengthen a barrel or churn end, we may make our improved
hoop (B) of Tee, half Tee, or hook section as shewn in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, which
gives a metal facing to the edge of the vessel, preserves it against wear, and gives
the lid an even face to lie against.
In Fig. 9 we shew the hoop (B) lying below the edge of the barrel, and the
upper part of the groove filled with cement or other material to ensure of the
metal being obscured from view or prevented coming in contact with the contents
of the barrel, and in this connection copper or like metals may be used for avoid-
ing contamination.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:―
1. A metal hoop of one or other of the cross-sections herein described, or the
like, imbedded in the substance of a barrel or like object, in combination with
hoop simultaneously placed upon the outer circumference, as and for the purposes
set forth.
2. A hoop (B) of tapered or straight form and of plain, Tee and half Tee, or like

page_text: section, driven into, or moulded in, a groove (A) in the end or ends of a barrel or
like vessel, as herein set forth, and illustrated on the accompanying drawings.
3. A groove (A) in the end of a barrel or like vessel, as and for the purposes set
forth.
1007
HENRY BUCKLEY.
JOSEPH EDWARD BUCKLEY.
ROBERT BUCKLEY,
By John G. Wilson & Co.,
Agents.