CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAPER AND PARALLEL TUBES, SINGLE OR COM.. POUND."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ebenezer Hoskins, of the Firm of Hoskins and
Sewell, Manufacturers, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
and Charles Harvey, Manager, in the employ of the said Firm, of
Birmingham aforesaid, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAPER AND PARALLEL TUBES, SINGLE OR COM..
POUND."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ebenezer Hoskins
and Charles Harvey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st April 1874.
We, EBENEZER HOSKINS, of the Firm of Hoskins and Sewell, Manu-
facturers, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and CHARLES
HARVEY, Manager, in the employ of the said Firm, of Birmingham
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAPER AND PARALLEL TUBES,
SINGLE OR COMPOUND," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our improvements relate to the forming or shaping of taper tubes of
given or defined lengths, in effecting which we cut from a sheet of iron

page_text: or other metal a piece equal to the length and diminishing circum-
ference of the tube we desire to make, and after heating the same in a
suitable furnace when required we place the metal so prepared, technically
called a scalp, over a semicircular metal groove formed in the bed of our
apparatus, and centrally press on it a taper mandril of the same taper
and size to permit of its being encased by the metal scalp under
operation, and the first process in shaping is to press the said scalp by
means of the mandril into the semicircular groove in the bed before
referred to; and this being effected we cause a traversing top die to
travel along the bed from the small end of the partially formed taper
tube to the large end, in which process the metal of the scalp is gathered
and lapped over on the taper mandril, thus forming the tube in a
regular and rapid manner. The traversing die being retired permits the
open-jointed taper tube to be withdrawn and taken from the mandril for
the purpose of continuing the process.
When producing open jointed parallel tubes we still use a bed of
suitable length with a semicircular die of the diameter of the tube we
desire to make, and by means of a cupping roll suitably placed at, the
end nearest the furnace, essential when operating on hot strips, and
in connection with the frame carrying the cupping roll, we have two
or more lateral rolls following the cupping roll, and by rapidly advancing
those rolls with their frame along the bed, the rolls and frame being
held down to their work, by working in V or other equivalent grooves,
the tube will be formed from end to end regular and uniform, and the
open joint straight from end to end, which is desirable in the subsequent
process of finishing by brazing or encasing in thin sheet brass or other
suitable metal, which we effect in the manner herein-before described,
taking care that the inner tube is sufficiently open in the joint to permit
the outer covering being tucked inward and made to clip the edge
of the iron inner tube, which we do whether parallel or taper by passing
the tube, through grooved rolls. The top roll by preference wo form
with a projecting tongue around its periphery; which tongue as the tube
passes through the rolls laps the edges of the outer tube or case inward
around the edges of the metal forming the inner tube; this done the
joint may be closed up by passing through rolls for that purpose, or
bound up with binding wire in the ordinary way, which leaves the tube
ready for the operation of hard soldering, which may be done by the
usual process.
'

page_text: . When carrying this operation out in taper tubes they must be passed
through eccentrically grooved rolls (that is to say) the diameter of the
rolls defining the length of the tube, the rolls being made to work simul-
taneous by being geared together for that purpose, the grooves
tapering from the larger diameter to the smaller, excepting the pro-
jecting tongue, which will be uniform in thickness; and although we
have described our Invention in connection with iron and iron-cased.
taper and parallel tubes, by the same appliances brass tubes may in liko
manner be formed, in which case the rolls for tucking or lapping in the
edges of the outer covering around the edges of the inner tubo will, as a
matter of course, not be required. Parallel tubes thus shaped may bo
done uniform and more rapid than when produced in the ordinary
way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said. Ebenezer Hoskins and Charles Harvey in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 1st October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRÉSENTS SHALL COME, we, EBENEZER
HOSKINS, of the Firm of Hoskins and Sewell, Manufacturers,, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and CHARLES HARVEY,
Manager, in the employ of the said Firm, also of Birmingham, in the
said County, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-.
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her leirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Ebenezer Hoskins and. Charles,
Harvey, Her special license that we, the said Ebenezer Hoskins and
Charles Harvey, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Ebenezer Hoskins and Charles Harvey, our.
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree withi
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,"
or vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAPER AND PARALLEL TUBES, SINGLE OR

page_text: COMPOUND," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Ebenezer Hoskins and Charles Harvey, our executors or adminis
strators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Harvey, for myself and on
behalf of the said Ebenezer Hoskins, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
-
Our improvements relate to the forming or shaping of taper tubes of
given or defined lengths, in effecting which we cut from a sheet of iron
or other metal a piece equal to the length and diminishing circum-
ference of the tube we desire to make, and after heating the same in a
suitable furnace when required we place the metal so prepared, techni-
cally called a scalp, over a semicircular taper metal groove formed in the
bed of our apparatus, and centrally press on it a taper mandrill or die of
the same taper and size to permit of its being encased by the metal scalp
under operation, and the first process in shaping it is to press the said
scalp by means of the mandril or die into the semicircular groove in the
bed before referred to; and this being effected we cause a traversing top.
dic to travel along the bed from the small end of the partially formed
taper tube to the large end, in which process the metal of the scalp is
gathered and lapped over on the taper mandril, thus forming the tube in
a regular and rapid manner. The traversing die being retired permits.
the open-jointed taper tube thus formed to be withdrawn and taken
from the mandril for the purpose of continuing or repeating 'the
process.
Since applying for this grant we have found it desirable to limit our
description and claim to the production of taper tubes as described
under the first paragraph of our Provisional Specification, as experience.
impresses us that the appliances described under the second and last
paragraph are inapplicable or of doubtful advantage; but for better

page_text: Invention for the manufacture of taper tubes aided by the Drawings
hereunto annexed, reference being made to the figures and letters marked
thercon, observing that the same part or parts as they occur in the
several views or Figures. are marked with the same letter of reference,
that is to say:-
Figures 1 and 2 represent a top and side view of a machine or
apparatus constructed or adapted for rapidly shaping or producing open-
jointed taper tubes, which we have found to answer well, notwith-
standing the means of elevating or depressing the vertical die A,
hereafter referred to, may be effected by a single or compound lever,
instead of the rack and pinion working on the axis B and actuated by
the hand wheel C, as here shown. The fly or impelling wheel marked D
in Figure 1 is entirely omitted in Figure 2 to avoid confusion, the axis a
on which the fly or impelling wheel works being shewn in section.
This axis carries the pinion which actuates the rack E, which rack is
connected with a parallel carriage and traversing die marked F, which
is fitted by dovetail slides to corresponding grooves formed in the pro-
jecting sides, clearly exhibited in Figure 4, which represents the end of
the machine on which the rack carriage F principally works. The
gland or cap scat marked b, Figure 1; is omitted merely to show the
shouldered journey of the main axis a. The ram or shaping die A is
attached to the vertical rack carriage marked c, the rack being marked d,
and actuated by the pinion, partly shown in dotted lines, in gear with
the said rack, as shown at Fig. 1, attached, as before stated, to the.
axis B, on which also is keyed the hand wheel C, so that by turning the
wheel in the desired direction the ram or shaping die A will be raised,
as here shewn in Figure 2, or lowered to its work when required. The
vertical rack carriage C works against vertical angle bearing planed out
of a strong casting marked G in connection with the bed, the shapo
being well defined in the end view, Fig. 4, as also the reverse end view,
Figure 5, and in all cases defined by the letter G; but with a view of
counteracting the concussion consequent on the rapid descent of the
ram A in the process of working we have introduced a strong pin
marked e passed through the lateral circular projection marked f. The
pin e is encased with a strong tube fitted, as here shewn, with a top and
bottom moulding, whilst the lower end of the pin e passes through a
.

page_text: corresponding hole in the bed H, and is held by a strong nut; not slicwn.
in the Drawing. This arrangement affords the desired strength to the
working of the machine. The bed 'H is so fashioned as to allow lateral
recesses and projections for screws to be passed up through the top of the
stand marked J, and by means of nuts, as hero shewn, the machine or
apparatus is held or connected to the said stand.
Figure 3 represents the reverse or opposite side to Figure 2, shewing the
rack E and carriages F, which are in the same relative position as shewn
at Figures 1 and 2, and drawn principally to shew the glands marked g, g,
between which the pinion work that elevates and depresses the ram or
shaping die A by the pinion gearing with the rack d.
:
Figures 4 and 5 are opposite end views, their relation with Figure 1 being
expressed by the relative positions of the actuating wheels C and D, both
of which are shewn in Figure 4, but in Figure 5 the wheel C is omitted
to avoid confusion. The axis on which the wheel C works is marked, as
in Figures 1, 2, and 3, with the letter B. At Figure 4 the caps for
holding down the main pinion shaft are omitted for the purpose of
shewing the shouldered necks of the axis to prevent lateral action; and
for the want of space the lower part of the stand at Figure 5 is also
omitted.
"
Figure 6 represents in section the traversing die marked F, the bed
of the apparatus marked K, the lower die marked L, and the mandril
marked M, the handle of which is shewn in position at Figure 1, marked
with the same letter, and with this general description the working opera-`
tions of the apparatus will be easily understood by supposing that we take
a scalp of thin metal; such as exhibited at Figure 7, and according to its
nature or thickness it may be heated in a suitable muffle, or operated on
cold by placing it over the semicircular groove in the lower die L, and
by a sharp active revolution of the wheel C the ram or pressing die A
descends on the scalp, causes its lengthway middle portion to assume the
semicircular form of the die L, as shewn in an end view at Figure 8,
and by reversing the wheel C the ram or top die is elevated that the
operator may drop into the partially formed taper tube. The mandril M
and the fly wheel D being put in motion the top traversing die F with
its attendant sliding part E by its connection with the traversing motion
and bell mouth of the die F; Figure 6, gathers the lateral metal of the
scalp progressively inward until the die F is right over the die L. This
operation is made effective by the tapering form of the corresponding

page_text: -
semicircular recess in the top die, which we prefer, as above stated, being
slightly bell mouthed in is fore end as it more gradually gathers in the
edges of the scalp around the mandril. As the horizontal die F
advances over the fixed or lower die L, the wheel D being reversed, the
top or traversing die will be drawn back, thereby permitting the tube
thus formed to be withdrawn from the lower die and removed from the
mandril that the operation may be again repeated. Tubes thus shaped
may be bound up with binding wire and soldered in these joints, a
process well understood by skilled workmen accustomed to the manu-
facture of tubes. When taper case tubes are required we shape tho
inner one of iron, in a general way following the process herein
described, and such iron tubes we by. preference again place on a
mandril and substituto a ram or forming die, also lower die and
traversing die, the two latter sufficiently enlarged in the taper semi-
circular cavities to provide room for the application of an outer covering
of brass; the said difference of the size being equivalent to the thickness
of the said outer brass covering, which we apply in precisely the same
'way as the inner or iron tubes were made, and by preference we purpose
using an enlarged mandril so as to make the outer covering just as the
inner one had been produced, and by means of binding wire applied to
the outer or brass case the meeting edges will be brought and held in
close contact, thus permitting the iron tube to be placed and knocked in
so as to bring the joint of the inner tube close together and the surfaces.
of the two metals in close contact.
In constructing our apparatus we prefer to provide for a sufficient
range to enable us to increase the length of our tubes and working
appliances to meet requirements, but as tubes of this description are
generally of a special character their variations in length and size aro
not great.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I will observe that we do not
purpose limiting ourselves to the general construction, size, or pro-
portion herein described and represented in the annexed Drawings, as
the same may be considerably varied without departing from the spirit
of our Invention, which we claim and wish to protect under these our
in part recited Letters Patent is, the making or shaping of taper tubes,
single or compound, by means of a fixed and traversing die in con-
nection with a ram or shaping stamp to impart the first curving of the

page_text: metal, whether the said ram or stamp as well as the traversing die
derive their motion from racks and pinions, as represented and described
in the Drawings or by other equivalent means.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Harvey, have hereunto put
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September, Onc
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
JAMES S. COCKINGS,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
CHARLES HARVEY.. (L.S.)