IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMED SLATES FOR SCHOOL AND OTHER USES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMED SLATES FOR SCHOOL AND
OTHER USES." A communication from abroad by John Wesley Hyatt and
Isaiah Smith Hyatt, both of Newark, in the State of New Jersey, United
States of America.
ealed the 26th May 1877, and dated the 15th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1877..
"
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMED
SLATES FOR SCHOOL AND OTHER USES." A communication from abroad by John
Wesley Hyatt and Isaiah Smith Hyatt, both of Newark, in the State of New
Jersey, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to produce for school use and for other purpose a
framed slate in which the frame or border is securely attached to the slate proper,
while mortises and tenons or other fastenings at the corners of the frame are
dispensed with, the object being to produce a durable framed slate at a very
moderate cost.
The Invention consists in a framed slate having its frame composed of separate
side pieces, each of which is independently attached to the margin of the slate
proper.
One mode of attaching the side and end pieces constituting the frame is to cut in
the grooves of those pieces on one or both sides thereof a wedge-shaped rebate
longitudinally of the groove, and to form on each margin of the slate a rib corre-
sponding to the rebate, which rib may be on one or both sides of the slate. The pieces
which form the frame will when forced on to the slate give by the natural elasticity
of the wood and allow the ribs of the slate to lock into the recesses.
In place of this arrangement the margin of the slate may be finished with'
parallel surfaces, and a thin layer of cement will suffice to secure the side pieces of
the frame on the slate.
•
:

page_text: Any suitable cement may be used, as for instance, linseed oil and glue, or dissolved
shellac, or shellac and other compositions, or plaster of Paris may be used. The
cement to form the attachment may be variously applied; thus it may be introduced
in a melted or liquefied condition into the grooves of the side pieces of the frame,
which pieces may then be forced upon or over the margin of the slate; or the 5
liquefied, fused, or dissolved cement may be put upon the margin of the slate in an
uniform manner, and after the cement has solidified the side pieces of the frame may
be placed in position upon the margin of the slate; then by heating the slate the
cement will be fused and caused to adhere to the frame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th August 1877.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMED
SLATES FOR SCHOOL AND OTHER USES." A communication from abroad by John
Wesley Hyatt and Isaiah Smith Hyatt, both of Newark, in the State of New
Jersey, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to produce for school use and for other purposes a
framed slate in which the frame or border is securely attached to the slate proper,
but in which mortises and tenons or other fastenings at the corners of the frame,
or in fact any direct connections between the several side pieces of the frame may
be dispensed with and a durable framed slate be produced at a very moderate
cost.
The Invention consists in a framed slate having its frame composed of separate
side pieces, each of which is independently attached to the margin of the slate
proper, substantially as herein-after specified.
A part of the Invention consists in a certain combination with the slate proper,
and the face of the groove in either side piece of the frame within which the margin
of said slate fits, of a projection on the one and a recess in the other, to lock or hold
the side pieces of the frame and the slate together.
- Another part of the Invention consists in a framed slate having its side pieces,
each independently secured by cement to the margin of the slate proper, substantially
as herein-after described.
Having thus specified the object and nature of the Invention, its description will
be proceeded with in reference to the accompanying Drawing.
Fig. 1 represents a face view of a slate framed in accordance with the Invention,
in one of its forms or modifications; and Fig. 2, a cross section of the same
in part.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of a slate framed in accordance with the Invention in
another of its forms or modifications; Fig. 4 is a similar view of the same, in
part, upon a larger scale; and Fig. 5 is a like view in illustration of the same
modification differently carried out.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing, A represents
the slate proper, and B its frame. The frame B which is composed of independent
side pieces, preferably has mitre joints at the corners c, but other modes of fitting
the side pieces of the frame together at its corners may be adopted, as the joints at
the corners form no part of this Invention. The several side pieces of the frame
each have a groove g cut in their inner side, and a dovetailed recess is cut in one
or both of the side walls of said groove, and parallel with the inner side of the part
of the frame in which said groove and recess is cut, the wider part of said dove-
tailed recess being nearest the said inner side of the frame piece, and the said recess.
preferably extending the whole length of the groove in each part of the frame.

page_text: The outer marginal portions or borders of the slate A are also cut away so as to
leave a dovetailed projection b-along.near each edge of the said slate, and preferably
extending the full length of the groove g and recess r, and of dimensions corre
sponding with the dovetailed recess r in the several parts of the frame B.
;
The projections and recesses on and in the margin of the slate and side faces of
the grooves in the side pieces of the frame may be of various forms, but, it is
preferred to make them of dovetail form, as herein shewn and described. It is not
necessary, however, that the borders of the slate should be cut as described on both
sides, even when two dovetailed or other shaped recesses r are cut in each of the
several parts of the frame, the cutting of two recesses in each of said parts of said
frame only being done for convenience, and.one.such recess being all that is required
for the attachment of each part or side piece of the frame.
The slate A having been prepared, as described, the several parts or side pieces of
the frame are pressed on to the border of said slate, the elasticity of the wood or
material of which the side pieces are composed allowing the said parts of said frame
to be pressed or drawn on to the said slate border, the grooves g in the part of said
frame opening to admit the projections b, which when they have passed sufficiently
into the said grooves g enter the recesses r, and the elasticity of the material of the
side pieces of the frame, closing the parallel walls of the groove g down upon or
against the borders of the slate, presses the projections b firmly into the recesses ?*
and securely attaches the frame.
When mitre joints are used at the corners c it will be very difficult if not
impossible when said joints are nicely fitted to force off the frame without breaking
the slate.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 show a modification of the framed slate having its frame
composed of separate side pieces, each of which is independently attached to the
margin of the slate proper by means of cement. In these Figures A is the slate
proper, and B its frame composed of independent side pieces; said frame B has the
usually arranged groove 9 cut in it for reception of the slate margin m, which is
dressed off to an uniform thickness to adapt it to the groove and to secure its firm
attachment at all points when cemented. A thin layer of cement S, as represented
in Figures 3 and 4, will suffice to secure the side pieces of the frame on the slate.
Any suitable cement may be used, as for instance, a cement composed of linseed
oil and glue, or dissolved shellac, or shellac and other compositions may be used,
The cement to form the attachment may be variously applied; thus it may be
introduced in a melted or liquified condition into the grooves g of the side pieces
of the frame, and the latter may then be forced upon or over the margin of the
slate proper, so that upon the solidifying of the cement the frame is firmly fastened
to the slate, or the liquefied, fused, or dissolved cement may be put upon the margin
of the slate proper in an uniform manner; and after the cement has solidified the
side pieces of the frame may be placed in position upon the margin of the slate;
then by beating the slate the cement will be fused and caused to adhere to
the frame. Or again, the cemented attachment of the side pieces of the frame with
the slate proper may be established, as shown in Fig. 5. In this Figure the
groove g in the side pieces of the frame B is of a width somewhat exceeding the
thickness of the margin of the slate proper in order to avoid the necessity of
dressing off the margin m; such slate margin m being placed in said groove, liquid
cement S is poured into said groove by any suitable appliances, and the cement
which might be simple plaster of Paris is allowed to solidify.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of improvements in framed
slates for school and other uses, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be under-
stood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, -
First. A framed slate having its frame composed of side pieces, each-of-which
is independently attached to the margin of the slate itself, substantially as herein
described.
Second. The combination with the margin of the slate and the face of the groove

page_text: in either side piece of the frame of a projection on the one and a recess in the other,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing.
Third. A framed slate having its side pieces each independently secured by
cement to the margin of the slate, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
A. V. NEWTON. (LS.)