Improvements in and relating to Brick Kilns.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 10th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 16th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Brick Kilns.
We, EDWIN SOUTHWOOD JONES, of Henllis, Cwmbran, in the County of
Monmouth, England, Mining Engineer, and JENKIN LEWIS, of 32 Stacey Road,
Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, South Wales, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention consists in certain improvements in and relating to brick kilns the
nature of which and advantages incident thereto will be apparent from the following
description.
In place of employing a number of furnaces arranged at intervals around the
wall of the kiln, one furnace only is used and that in such a way that the down-
ward firing which is desirable in the burning of bricks is attained without the use of
any parting walls of any kind in the brick burning chamber, such as skirting walls
or pockets or central or other uptakes. The furnace is for this purpose arranged
above the kiln or on a level with or near the crown thereof and communicates by a
flue direct with an opening in the centre or thereabouts of the dome.
In this construction one and the same furnace may be made to feed any one of a
pair or series of brick kilns or chambers by providing the requisite number of flues
and fitting dampers therein for closing the flues of those kilns which are not
intended to be fired.
Where not less than two kilns are connected to the same furnace, the whole may
be arranged so that the fire gases having passed downward through any one of the
kilns for burning bricks therein may be led upward through the other kiln of the
pair, or another kiln where more than two are used so as to be utilized for steaming
off, drying, or preparing for burning the green bricks in the said other kiln.
For this purpose each kiln is provided with an external chimney shaft with a
damper or other means of closing the same; and if two kilns only are used these
are connected under their perforated floors by a flue, or if more than two kilns are
used, the space under the floor of each communicates with a flue common to all
each communication being regulated by a damper. This flue may be provided with
a chimney shaft with damper.
If any furnace is in operation the fire gases from this furnace will be passed into
the crown of that kiln in which the bricks are to be fired and the chimney of that
kiln will be closed, the gases therefore descend through the bricks and pass through
the perforated floor into the flue communicating therewith. If any other kiln is
stocked with green bricks to be steamed off, or dried the opening and closing of the
appropriate dampers will cause the fire gases which have passed into the lower flue
to pass upward into that kiln through its floor and act on the bricks therein
previous to passing out at the chimney of that kiln; but if there is no such kiln
stocked with bricks to be steamed then the gases are allowed to escape from the
lower flue through the chimney thereof.
When a furnace in connection with any kiln is in operation to supply that kiln
the dampers in the flues leading to any other kilus from the same furnace are
intended to be closed.
In place of having fixed furnaces to supply two or more kilns each, there may be
used movable furnaces arranged to be moved upon rails and so brought in front of
the respective flues of the kilns to be fired and fixed in a suitable manner to
communicate therewith. The said furnaces whether fixed or movable, and the
chimneys of the kilns are carried by girders supported on pillars or otherwise so
that the kilns below are freed from the weight of the furnace and chimneys and
may be dismantled, pulled down and rebuilt without disturbing the superstructure.

page_text: Where the shape of a kiln necessitates more than one point of downward firing,
the number of ports or of the furnaces may be increased.
Dated this 10th day of November 1892.
R. HADDAN,
Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Brick Kilns.
We, EDWIN SOUTHWOOD JONES, of Danygraig House, Risca, in the County of
Monmouth, England, Mining Engineer, and JENKIN LEWIS, of 32 Stacey Road,
Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, South Wales, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention consists in certain improvements in and relating to brick kilns the
nature of which and advantages incident thereto will be apparent from the following
description.
In place of employing a number of furnaces arranged at intervals around the wall
of the kiln, one furnace only is used and that in such a way, that the downward
firing which is desirable in the burning of bricks is attained without the use of any
parting walls of any kind in the brick burning chamber, such as skirting walls or
pockets or central or other uptakes. The furnace is for this purpose arranged
above the kiln or on a level with or near the crown thereof and communicates
by a flue direct with an opening in the centre or thereabouts of the dome.
In this construction one and the same furnace may be made to feed any one of a
pair or series of brick kilns or chambers by providing the requisite number of flues
and fitting dampers therein for closing the flues of those kilns, which are not
intended to be fired.
Where not less than two kilns are connected to the same furnace, the whole may
be arranged so that the fire gases having passed downward through any one of
the kilns for burning bricks therein may be led upward through the other kiln of
the pair, or another kiln, where more than two are used, so as to be utilized for
steaming off one drying or preparing for burning the green bricks in the said
other kiln.
For this purpose each kiln is provided with an external chimney shaft with a
damper or other means of closing the same; and if two kilns only are used, these
are connected under their perforated floors by a flue, or if more than two kilns are
used, the space under the floor of each communicates with a flue common to all,
each communication being regulated by a damper. This flue may be provided
with a chimney shaft with damper.
If any furnace is in operation the fire gases from this furnace will be passed
into the crown of that kiln, in which the bricks are to be fired and the chimney of
that kiln will be closed, the gases therefore descend through the bricks and pass
through the perforated floor into the flue communicating therewith. If any other
kiln is stocked with green bricks to be steamed off or dried, the opening and closing
of the appropriate dampers will cause the fire gases, which have passed into the
lower flue to pass upward into that kiln through its floor and act on the bricks
therein previous to passing out at the chimney of that kiln; but if there is no such
kiln stocked with bricks to be steamed then the gases are allowed to escape from
the lower flue through the chimney thereof.
When a furnace in connection with any kiln is in operation to supply that kiln,
the dampers in the flues leading to any other kilns from the same furnace are
intended to be closed.
In place of having fixed furnaces to supply two or more kilns each, there may be
used movable furnaces arranged to be moved upon rails and so brought in front of

page_text: the respective flues of the kilns to be fired and fixed in a suitable manner to
communicate therewith.
The said furnaces, whether fixed or movable, and the chimneys of the kilns are
carried by girders supported on pillars or otherwise, so that the kilns below are
freed from the weight of the furnace and chimneys and may be dismantled, pulled
down and rebuilt without disturbing the superstructure.
Where the shape of a kiln necessitates more than one point of downward firing,
the number of ports or of the furnaces may be increased.
In place of providing a separate chimney to each kiln, there may be a flue
passing across all the kilns and leading to a chimney, a separate branch flue
connects each kiln with this main flue and a damper is provided in each branch
to sever connection with the main flue when desired.
This invention is illustrated in the annexed drawings, in which
Fig. 1 represents a central vertical section across two kilns with elevated furnace
and summit firing.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of this combination of two kilns.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a series of three kilns with elevated movable furnace
common to the three (or more if desired).
Fig. 4 is a section on line 4. 4, Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 a section on line 5. 5,
Fig. 3.
Reference being made to Figs. 1 and 2, A and B are two kilns with their
perforated floors a and branch flues 6 leading from the spaces c under the said floors
to the main flue d and chimney e. ffare dampers in the branch flues. C is the
furnace, which is here fixed and elevated above the walls of the kilns and is carried by
girders D D, supported on a wall E at each end, or otherwise so that the weight of
the furnace is not carried by the walls of the kilns. F F are flues leading from the
furnace, one to the summit of each kiln. As there are two kilns only shown in the
drawing, there are only two such flues, but the same furnace may supply one or
more of any practicable number of radiating or diverging flues F leading one to
each kiln or two or more to the same kiln according to its shape. From the
summit of each kiln rises also a chimney G with a damper or equivalent means for
closing it as at H. Each flue F is also provided with a movable damper J.
On closing one of the dampers H for instance that of kiln A and opening the
damper thereto, and at the same time closing the damper J to kilu B and
opening damper H thereto, the circulation of the fire gases from the furnace will
pass down through kiln A and the dampers ff being both open while the damper K
leading to chimney e is closed the waste gases from kiln A will pass up through
kiln B to chimney G thereof.
By reversing the positions of damper's H H and J J the direction of firing is
reversed. Instead of passing up through the second kiln, the damper f of that kiln
may be closed and damper K opened whereupon the waste gases from either kiln
will
pass direct to chimney e.
The chimneys G and flues F, or the greater part of the construction of the latter,
are also carried on girders D' supported by walls E' or equivalent supports
independent of the kilns A B.
In using a movable furnace which may be moved from one kiln to another for
service of any one of a number of kilns, for instance eight or nine, the kilns and
their flues may be of substantially the same construction as that just described for a
fixed furnace, but the flues F are not caused to converge on a fixed point where
the furnace is located, but on the contrary are so arranged, that they lie square to
or adopt each a similar position to the line of railway or track, whether elevated
or ou the ground level, on which the furnace is to be movable.
The furnace represented at C' in Figs. 3 and 5 may then be moved opposite any
one of the flues F and if desired fixed thereto during the firing of the respective
kiln. The ends F' of the flues F, which are for the time not connected to the
furnace are sealed up by any removable means, as shown in Fig. 4.

page_text: The furnace may be mounted on wheels L to run on rails M on the girders D
N are coal bunkers.
:
In the set of kilns shown in Figs. 3 to 5 a separate chimney for each kiln, though
capable of being used, has been replaced by a flue O to which each flue F leads,
and which itself leads to the chimney e. There may be a damper P at its entrance
into the chimney and a damper Q at the junction of each branch flue F with the
main flue O. The manipulation of the dampers Q corresponds with that of the
dampers H on the chimneys G in Figs. 1 and 2.
The movable furnace may also be arranged to work two parallel rows of kilns to
the right and left of the track respectively, the kilns being arranged either directly
opposite each other or alternately, that is to say, each opposite a space in the
opposite row.
There will then be two exits for the flame to pass out of the furnace, one to the
right and one to the left with means for closing either exit; the firing doors will
be at right angles to these exits.
In any case the furnace, whether movable or fixed can be made to burn two kilns
simultaneously when desirable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. The combination with a kiln of an elevated furnace with flue F leading direct
to the crown of said kiln substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. The combination with two or more kilns of an elevated furnace with diverging
flues leading one to the crown of each kiln and provided with dampers substantially
as described.
3. The combination with two or more kilns of a direct flue F to the crown of
each kiln and a movable furnace adapted to be brought into connection with any
one of said flues substantially as described.
4. The connection of two or more kilns with flues and a fixed or movable furnace,
adapted to fire direct to the crown of any one of said kilns, whereby the waste gases
from the kiln being fired may be carried to another kiln or kilns, substantially in
the manner herein set forth.
Dated this 10th day of August 1893.
R. HADDAN,
Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, Agent for Applicants.