Improvements in Turbines.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Turbines.
We, LEOPOLD BENZE and EMANUEL BACHMAYR, both of 14 Grosse
Sperlgasse, Vienna II, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a steam turbine by means of which it is possible
to utilize the motive power of the steam more completely than has hitherto been
done.
In this turbine the steam acts by expansion, inasmuch as it passes in succession
through a large number of cells communicating with each other and confined by
curved or plane surfaces, the first cell being in connection with the steam boiler,
and the last with the atmospheric air or with a condenser. These chambers are
arranged in the form of turbine cells and possess gradually widening communicating
channels, the sectional areas of which are such that the passage of the gradually
expanding motive steam will always take place at the same speed from its admission
into the motor to its discharge through the exhaust pipe.
Now, as the speed at which the steam is discharged results from the difference
between the tensions of the discharge and of the admission the speed of the steam
in the case of the said communicating cells is proportional to the difference of
tension between each two adjoining cells and becomes less the greater the number
of the cells contained in the motor. In this manner it is possible to construct
the motor for any desired steam boiler pressure in such a manner that the
motion will take place at a speed which is still admissible for the practical use of
the same.
According to the said invention the steam turbine comprises a number of double
vane discs secured upon a common shaft, which discs have work cells on both sides
of their central plane and are connected with each other by channels, each of these
double discs being adapted to move in a chamber shut off from the outside and
permitting the passage of the steam from the series of cells arranged on one side
of the disc to the series of cells situated on the other side of the same.
In carrying the invention into practice we fix upon a common shaft the turbine
discs which carry on both sides of their central plane annular series of work cells
confined by curved partitions and set in communication with each other in series by
channels. The steam from the boiler passes through a pipe into the first disc and
leaves the last disc to enter the exhaust steam pipe.
The turbine is enclosed in a casing divided by partitions fitting tightly against
the nave portions of the turbine discs, into a number of chambers, these chambers
containing each a disc and being filled with steam during the operation. Each
two succeeding discs are connected with one another by steam channels provided in
their nave portions.
The fresh steam passes through the feed pipe into the central channel, traverses
the left-handed cells of the first disc and passes through other channels into the
chamber. Thence the steam passes through channels through the right-handed
cells of the same turbine dise and enters the cavity in the nave portion of the same,
whence it is conducted to the second disc.
'

page_text: When in this manner the steam has passed through all the discs it finally
reaches the pipe which either exhausts into the atmosphere or leads into a
condenser.
In proportion as the expansion of the steam proceeds the sectional areas of the
channels for its passage increase so that the speed of the steam will remain the
same in all parts of the turbine.
From the shaft the rotary movement may be communicated to a transmitting
gear by a rope pulley or by other means.
Pipes leading from the aforesaid chambers serve for the discharge of the water
of condensation.
For driving the turbine, use- may be made of auy expansible gas, such as
compressed air, carbonic acid or the like in lieu of steam.
Dated this 5th day of February 1898.
'HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
We, LEOPOLD BENZE and EMANUEL BACHMAYR, both of 14 Grosse
Sperlgasse, Vienna' II, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a steam turbine by means of which it is possible
to utilize the motive power of the steam more completely than has hitherto been
done.
In this turbine the steam acts by. expansion, inasmuch as it passes in succession
through a large number of cells communicating with each other and confined by
curved or plane surfaces, the first cell being in connection with the steam boiler,.
and the last with the atmospheric air or with a condenser. These chambers are
arranged in the form of turbine cells and possess gradually widening communicating
channels, the sectional areas of which are such that the. passage of the gradually
expanding motive steam will always take place at the same speed from its admission
into the motor to its discharge through the exhaust.pipe.
Now, as the speed at which the steam is discharged results from the difference
between the tensions of the discharge and of the admission the speed of the steam
in the case of the said communicating cells is proportional to the difference of
tension between each two adjoining cells and becomes less the greater the number
of the cells contained in the motor. In this manner it is possible to construct the
motor for any desired steam boiler pressure in such a manner that the motion
will take place at a speed which is still admissible for the practical use of the
same.
According to the said invention the steam turbine comprises a number of double
vane discs secured upon a common shaft, which discs have work cells on both sides
of their, central plane and are connected with each other by channels, each of these
double discs being adapted to move in a chamber shut off from the outside and
permitting the passage of the steam from the series of cells arranged on one
side of the disc to the series of cells situated on the other side of the same.
In the accompanying drawing we have represented a steam turbine constructed in
accordance with the said invention.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the improved turbine and
Figure 2 a transverse section on the line x-x of Figure 1.

page_text: In carrying the invention into practice we fix upon a commou shaft a the turbine
discs B which carry on both sides of their central plane annular series of work cells b
confined by curved partitions and set in communication with each other iu series
by channels 6 Figure 2. The steam from the boiler passes through a pipe c
into the first disc B and leaves the last dise B through the exhaust steam pipe c¹.
The turbine is enclosed in a casing C divided by partitions D fitting tightly against
the nave portions of the turbine discs B into a number of chambers E E E E
and so on, these chambers coutaining each a disc B and being filled with steam
during the operation. Each two succeeding discs B are connected with one another
by steam channels d provided in their nave portions.
Figure 2 shows a section of the left-handed work cells of such a turbine disc..
The fresh steam passes through the pipe c into the central channel d, traverses the
left-handed cells 6 of the first disc C in the direction of the arrows indicated in full
lines in Figure 2, and passes through other channels e into the chamber E¹. Thence
the steam passes through channels e' in the direction of the arrows indicated in
dotted lines through the right handed cells b of the same turbine disc B and
enters the cavity in the nave portion of the same, whence it is conducted to the
second disc B.
When in this manner the steam has passed through all the discs B it finally
reaches the pipe c' which either leads into the atmosphere or into a condenser.
In proportion as the expansion of the steam proceeds the sectional areas of the
channels for its passage increase so that the speed of the steam will remain the same.
in all parts of the turbine.
From the shaft a the rotary movement may be communicated to a transmitting
gear by a rope pulley a' or by other means.
The pipes ff serve for the discharge of the water of condensation.
For driving the turbine use may be made of any expansible gas, such as compressed.
air, carbonic acid or the like in lieu of steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
A steam turbine comprising a number of double discs B which are enclosed in
chambers E E E . . . separated from each other, which discs possess on both sides.
of their central plane series of cells b communicating with each other, and are
traversed by steam and set in rotation, the channels connecting the several cells.
being gradually widened in such a manner that the steam pressure will be equally
diminished from cell to cell and the speed of the passage of the steam remaining.
the same at all points.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.