IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND TREATING HIDES AND SKINS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edouard Jullien, of Marseilles, France, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND TREATING
HIDES AND SKINS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER."
Sealed the 9th July 1861, and dated the 17th January 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edouard Jullien at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1861.
I, EDOUARD JULLIEN, of Marseilles, France, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND
TREATING HIDES AND SKINS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for preparing
and treating hides and skins in the manufacture of leather. The improved
machinery is composed of three rollers mounted in a suitable frame, the axes
of the rollers being parallel with each other, the face of the roller is covered
with caoutchouc, and against this roller a second roller of smaller diameter,
which, by preference, is fluted, is constantly pressed by means of weighted
levers; the face of the third roller is furnished with teeth or blades of
steel or slate; this roller bears upon the surface of the first roller, and
the amount of pressure it excrts is governed by a lever and counterbalance

page_text: weight. On the axis of the first roller is a toothed wheel, into which a
pinion driven by a band passing around a pulley on its axis gears, and from
the axis of the first roller motion is communicated to the axis of the third
roller by means of toothed wheels, the wheels being arranged so that the
third roller rotates at a much greater speed than the first roller. The hides
to be operated upon are passed between the first and second rollers, and
between the first and third rollers, and as the rollers revolve, the skin or hide,
which is firmly held between the first and second rollers, is slowly fed forwards
by them, and the skin or hide as it is fed forwards is subjected to the action of
the teeth or blades of the rapidly revolving third roller. When the teeth on
the third roller, which are made somewhat of a triangular section, are of slate,
the bases of the triangles are connected to the periphery of the roller by the
periphery of the roller (which is, preference, of cast iron), having undercut
grooves formed in it corresponding to the bases of the triangles; the teeth are
held down in the grooves by tapered pieces of wood placed between the teeth,
the taper on the pieces of wood corresponding to the incline of the triangular-
shaped teeth; these tapered pieces are held down on to the roller by means of
screws. Strips of caoutchouc are placed around the bottom of the teeth, so
that the caoutchouc comes between the teeth and the pieces of wood and the
teeth and the cast-iron roller. When teeth of steel are employed, I prefer to
connect them to the face of the roller by forming undercut grooves in the
roller, the grooves being made wider than the bases of the triangles, and the
teeth are held in the grooves by filling pieces of wood placed on one side of
the teeth, filling the space left in the groove.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edouard Jullien in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDOUARD
JULLIEN, of Marseilles, France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edouard Jullien, Her special licence that I, the said Edouard Jullien,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edouard Jullien, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any

page_text: time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND TREATING HIDES AND SKINS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF LEATHER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edouard
Jullien, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edouard Jullien, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for preparing
and treating hides and skins in the manufacture of leather.
In the Drawing hereunto annexed, Figure 1 shews an end view of a machine
constructed according to my Invention; in this Figure, A is an axis, shewn in
red ink; this axis is on a line with the axis B; these two axes are carried by
separate and suitable bearings. Motion is communicated to the axis A in any
suitable manner, and the axis A transmits motion to the axis D by means of
the piniou C and toothed wheel C', the pitch lines of which are shewn in red
ink. On the axis B is a large roller E, also shown in red ink. Motion is
communicated to this axis by a pinion J on the axis D, gearing into teeth I
arranged around the roller E; the teeth I, by means of three pinions I', give
motion to three pressing cylinders G. This arrangement of gearing may be
simplified by employing a single axis in place of the axes A and B, and by
doing away with the axis D and the wheels and pinions C and C. Other
pinions F, F, F, shewn in blue ink, give motion to the working cylinders
A, A', A", shown in red ink. The roller E is of cast iron, and is coated with
caoutchouc; the pressing cylinders G are also of cast iron; these rollers press
the skin against the roller E, and prepare it for being acted on by the working
cylinders A, A', A"; these cylinders are, as will be seen by the Drawing.
driven at a greater surface speed than the cylinder E. The first of these
cylinders marked A is furnished with twelve helicoidal plates e, of steel or other
material, as shown at Figures 2 and 3. The second cylinder A', shewn at
Figures 4 and 5, is furnished with seven sets of three straight blades of steel

page_text: or brass f. The third cylinder A", shewn at Figure 6, is furnished with
twelve blades of slate 6 mounted on the iron body of the cylinder; these pieces
of slate are kept in their places by pieces of wood c and by the screws d. A
piece of cloth or other soft material should be placed between the iron and
the slate. Another kind of cylinder or roller is shewn at Figure 7; it is
furnished with blades of steel or other material. The machine may be
arranged with cylinders of one kind only, and the cylinders may also be varied
for acting on different kinds of skins; the number of cylinders employed may
also be varied, thick skins requiring a greater number of cylinders than thin
The cylinder A is for spreading the skins on the cylinder E; the
cylinders A', A", are for fleshing and graining the skins. The roller G is
pressed towards the cylinder E by the weight X on the end of the lever X';
when a skin is to be introduced into the machine the weight is taken off the
lever X', and the skin is introduced between the roller G and cylinder E; the
skin then by the working of the machine passes under the first cylinder A, and
successively under the rollers G and the cylinders A¹, A",
In witness whereof, I, the said Edouard Jullien, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
A. DE BANVILLE,
Ingenieur Civil,
à Marseille.
E. JULLIEN. (L.S.)