IMPROVED PENDULUM MOTOR APPARATUS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine Lake
"1
and Co Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an invention
of "IMPROVED PENDULUM MOTOR APPARATUS.” A communication from
abroad by Josef von Zách of Budapest, Hungary.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London IMPROVED PENDULUM MOTOR APPARATUS
[A communication from abroad by Josef von Zách of Budapest, Hungary.]
"
The construction of this engine or apparatus is based on the combination of a
pendulum with a lever, or the transformation of a pendulum into a lever of the
variety known as levers of the first class
If the rod of a pendulum is prolonged above its point of suspension the
pendulum is transposed into a lever. The point of suspension of the swinging
lever so formed corresponds to the fulcrum of a lever, the disc or weight of the
pendulum corresponds to the point of exercise of power of a lever, and the end of
the pendulum bar prolonged beyond the point of suspension corresponds to the
point of application to the object to be moved The two parts of the pendulum
rod that is to say the one above the point of suspension and the one below the
same correspond to the two arms of the common lever.
The power exerted by the motion of the weight at one end of the swinging
lever acts on the opposite end of the swinging lever and will alternately press or
pull in the direction of oscillation, that is to say, when the lever-arm presses in
one direction it pulls at the same time from the opposite side.
According to the present Invention this reciprocating motion is transformed into
a rotary movement by means of ratchet-wheels and utilized as motive power for
machinery by means of intermediate shafting and gearing.
Based upon the principle above set forth and excluding from consideration any
suitable kind of arrangement of frame, gearing, fly wheels, pulleys, and the like,
the main elements of this swinging lever engine are the following vis
I. The swinging lever

page_text: one
II. The device for the transformation of the rectilinear movement into a rotary
III. The arrangement for supplying the power for keeping the swinging-lever in
motion.
It must be remarked that the proportionate dimension of the parts of the
engine will depend on the amount of work desired or on the purpose for which
the engine is destined to serve.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a pendulum-rod, a
suspension point, and a pendulum-weight
The pendulum rod is divided by the point of suspension into two unequal arms.
The upper and shorter arm is provided with two lugs to which two yokes are
jointed The lower and longer arm of the swinging lever is formed in the shape of
a frame for increasing its resistance and decreasing its elasticity, below this frame
a continuation is arranged for the reception of the pendulum weight or disc.
The pendulum-rod terminates in a screw stud provided with a nut carrying the
weight.
The point of suspension is the centre of a round hole in the pendulum-rod;
above this round hole a groove is cut in the rod into which groove is fixed a steel-
plate reaching down to the point of suspension and having a prismatic edge. With
this edge the swinging lever rests upon an axle cut out towards the centre so that
the steel-plate can swing to and fro in this space. By means of the steel-plate the
friction produced by the oscillation of the swinging lever is reduced to a minimum.
To prevent friction between the axle and the pendulum rod the under side of the
axle is slightly filed away
As the swinging lever is carried by, and moves solely on, the edge of the plate,
only the smallest part of the force imparted to the swinging-lever is lost by
friction.
After many experiments and careful calculations the inventor has ascertained
that a pendulum resting upon an edge and swinging together with the same upon
a shaft cut out according to the system above described will only require per second
a power equivalent to 0.0617 parts of its entire weight in order to keep it in
continual uniform motion.
The force to be restored is therefore mainly that absorbed by the work which
has to be performed.
For the purpose of transforming the to and fro motion of the swinging lever into
a rotary one, yokes and ratchet wheels are employed
The yokes are so arranged on the right and left upper side of the swinging-
lover that whilst the one yoke exerts a pressing force in consequence of the motion
of the lever, the other exerts a pulling force.
Connecting-rods are jointed at one end to the yokes and at the other end to
double rods which are arranged on shafts and carry pawls engaging in ratchet
wheels fixed on the said shafts.
It is evident that when in the motion of the swinging lever the upper pawl
engages in the teeth of the ratchet-wheel and turns the wheel with its shaft, the
lower pawl will slip on the wheel and vice versa
The ratchet wheels transmit the motion imparted to them to other machinery
by means of toothed wheels, pulleys, or any other suitable known devices.
As arrangement for supplying the power for keeping the swinging lever in
motion, either manual or any other suitable power may be employed to replace the
power lost by the actual work done and by the friction of the different parts of
the machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1882.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVED PENDULUM MOTOR APPARATUS
A communication from abroad by Josef von Zách, of Budapest, Hungary,
This invention relates to the construction of an engine or apparatus based on
the combination of a pendulum with a lever, or the transformation of a pendulum
into a lever of the variety known as "levers of the first class"
If the rod or bar of a pendulum is prolonged above its point of suspension, the
said pendulum is transformed into a lever. The point of suspension of the
swinging lever so formed corresponds to the fulcrum of a lever; the weight of
the pendulum corresponds to the point of exercise of power of a lever; and the end
of the pendulum-bar, prolonged beyond the point of suspension corresponds to the
point of application to the object to be moved.
The power exerted by the motion of the weight at one end of the swinging lever
acts on the opposite end of the said lever, and will alternately press and pull in the
direction of oscillation, that is to say, when the lever-arm presses on one side, it
pulls at the same time from the opposite side.
According to the present invention this reciprocating motion is transformed into
a rotary movement, by means of ratchet wheels and pawls, and utilized as motive
power for machinery, by means of intermediate shafting and gearing.
Based upon the principle above set forth, and excluding from consideration any
suitable kind of arrangement of frame, gearing, flywheels, pulleys and the like, the
main elements of this apparatus are, the swinging lever; the device for the
transformation of the rectilinear movement into a rotary one; and the arrangement
for supplying the power for keeping the said lever in motion.
It is obvious that the dimensions of the various parts of the apparatus will
depend upon the amount of work required, and also upon the purpose for which
the engine is destined to serve.
In the accompanying drawing
Figures 1, 2, and 3 illustrate the system of this invention,
Figures 4, 5, and 6 are a front elevation, plan, and side elevation, respectively,
of a machine constructed according to this invention
Figures 7, 8, and 9 are detail views of the arrangement for suspending the
swinging lever
In carrying the said invention into practice, I provide a pendulum-rod a
suspended at the point b and having a weight c.
The pendulum-rod a is divided at the point of suspension 6 into two unequal
parts. The upper and shorter arm is provided with two lugs a¹ a¹ to which the
two yokes e, e, are jointed. The lower and longer arm a² of the swinging lever is
formed in the shape of a frame for increasing its resistance, and decreasing its
elasticity; below this frame the continuation as is arranged for the reception of
the pendulum-weight or disc c. The pendulum-rod terminates in a screw-stud a
provided with a nut d carrying the weight c.
The point of suspension b is at the centre of a circular hole in the pendulum-
rod; above this circular hole a groove b¹ (Figure 9) is cut, into which groove is
fixed a steel-plate b² (Figures 7 and 8) reaching down to the point of suspension
and having a knife-edge. With this edge the swinging lever rests upon an axle b³
(Figures 7 and 8) provided with a V shaped groove so that the steel plate b² can

page_text: swing in this space. By means of the steel plate or knife-edge b², the friction
produced by the oscillation of the swinging lever is reduced to a minimum. To
prevent friction between the axle 63 and the pendulum rod the under side of the
said axle is slightly cut away as indicated in Figure 8.
As the swinging-lever is carried by, and moves solely on, the edge of the plate b³,
only the smallest part of the force imparted to it is lost by friction.
After many experiments and careful calculations it has been ascertained that a
pendulum resting upon an edge and swinging together with the same upon a shaft
cut out in the manner herein before described will only require per second a power
equivalent to '0617 of its entire weight in order to keep it in continual uniform
motion.
The energy to be restored is, therefore, mainly that absorbed by the work which
has to be performed.
For the purpose of transforming the to-and-fro motion of the swinging lever
into a rotary one yokes and ratchet-wheels are employed.
The yokes e e¹ are so arranged on the right and left of the upper side of the
swinging-lever, that, whilst the one yoke exerts a pressing force in consequence of
the motion of the lever, the other exerts a pulling force.
The connecting-rods g', g², g³, g', are jointed at one end to the yokes, and at the
other end to double rods i, 2, 1, 2, which are arranged on the shafts h, h¹, and
carry the pawls m³, m², m³, m³ engaging in the ratchet-wheels L, l' fixed on the
said shafts h, h².
It is obvious that when in consequence of the motion of the swinging lever the
upper pawls m and m³ engage in the teeth of the ratchet-wheels 1 and 1 and turn
the said wheels with their shafts, the lower pawls m³ and m³ will slip over the
teeth of the ratchet-wheela and vice versa.
The ratchet-wheels transmit the motion imparted to them, to other machinery,
by means of gearing pulleys or other suitable devices.
As an arrangement for keeping the swinging lever in motion, either manual or
any other suitable power may be employed to replace the power lost by the actual
work done, and by the friction of the different parts of the machine.
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim.
First. The swinging lever above described, and the direct or indirect application
of the same for actuating machinery, substantially as set forth.
Second. The suspension of the swinging lever by means of a plate resting in
a groove cut in an axle, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.
Third. The two yokes for actuating the ratchet-wheels, substantially as, and for
the purpose, set forth.
Fourth. The use and application of the yokes and the ratchet-wheels belonging
to the same, for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion, substantially
ns set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty fourth day of August in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two