IMPROVE- MENTS IN INJECTORS
Year: 1884

page_text: I SEVERIN BORLAND, of 28 Ducio Street Greenheys, Manchester, in the County
of Laucaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INJECTORS," to be as follows:-
My invention consists in improved combinations, arrangements and constructions
of Injectors According to one modification the outer casing is formed with a
screwed or flanged junction at one end for steam, and that end of the outer casing
is bored out to receive a steam cone which is secured in its place when the pipe is
connected.
The outer casing has also a lateral branch and screwed or flanged junction, for
water, and another for overflow, and another for the discharged combined steami
and water, and the exterior of the casing is formed of rectangular cross section
opposite to the lateral branches or junctions; two opposite sides of the rectangle
forming convex curves.
The interior of the outer casing is bored out to receive an inner casing, in which
the combining and discharging cones are formed, the inner casing being bored out at
one end to form the combining cone, and at the other end is bored out to receive a
tube which is bored out to form the discharging cone, and driven tightly into the
interior of the inner casing or otherwise secured therein.
There aro small holes formed laterally through sides of the inner casing opposite
the overflow orifice or space between the combining and discharging cones to allow
the overflow to enter the space in the outer casing connected with the overflow
branch and lateral holes are also formed at the outer end of the inner casing to
allow the combined steam and water to escape laterally into the space within the
outer casing connected with the discharge branch.
The inner casing is made with two cones on its exterior, the inner one smaller
than the outer one, which exterior cones fit corresponding internal conos borod-out
in parts forming partitions in the interior of the outer casing. These exterior
cones on the inner casing have also shoulders or flanges at their larger ends, and the
cones on the outer interior casing are ground into the corresponding cones in the
interior of the outer casing so as to be fluid tight.
There is a screw cap on the discharge end of the outer casing and the interior of
this cap comes against and holds the inner casing in its place while a centre pin in
the cap enters the axes of the inner casing and keeps it central.
There is a projection on the interior of the screw cap which when the latter is
rotated will come against a projection on the exterior end of the inner casing and

page_text: 'cause the two to rotate together when the cap is screwed into its place, and when
the cap is unscrewed it will first make nearly a complete revolution before it comes
against the projection on the interior casing so that in case the parts stick at any
timo (which frequently happens) the screw cap alone can first be loosened and when
this is made free it will readily act to loosen the inner casing which will then drop
out or be readily removed.
The interior of the first part of the steam cone is bored out parallel and in it a
small cone spindle is fitted having a head with spaces cut out to let the steam pass,
and the cone spindle passes through a loose disc to keep the spindle central which
disc has spaces cut out for the steam to pass and between this disc and the head
on the cone spindle and around it, a helical spring is placed which will act to push
the cone spindle back and withdraw its cone from the interior of the steam cone
but the velocity of the current of steam will tend to compress the spring and
force the cone spindle. inwards, and thus will vary with the current of the steam
giving more space in the steam cone for steam when the current diminishes and less
space when it increases, automatically.
In another modification of my improvements, and forming what is termed a self
starting injector, the parts are constructed as herein before described with the
following exceptions.
The interior casing is enlarged and the combining cone is formed in two parts
the second part being cast or fixed within the interior casing so as to leave an open
space between it and the first part of the combining cone and an annular cavity
between its exterior and the interior of the inner casing which said second part of
the combining cone is carried by a bar or part extending across the interior of the
inner casing.
The discharging cone is constructed to form part of the inner casing into which
it screws and is prevented from unscrewing by a check pin.
When the discharging cone is in its place there is a space for the overflow
between it and the end of the second part of the combining cone and around the
exterior of the discharging cone there is a tubular part with a disc at one end
forming a valve.
This tubular part can slide to and fro on the exterior of the discharging cone and
when the jet is established the disc valve part covers and closes the outlet from the
annular cavity in the inner casing formning the outlet from the space left between
the two parts of the combining cone, and there is a hole through the centre of the
disc valve for the jet to pass through.
When the disc valve moves against the end of the discharging cone thero is a
free outlet both from the said annular cavity which is the outlet from the space
between the two parts of the combining cone, and from the ordinary overflow
orifice the fluid from which is discharged through holes in the sides of the inner
casing to the annular space on its exterior and then passes out at the overflow
branch.
A helical spring is or may be used round the tubular part of the disc valve to
keep it against the end of the second part of the combining cone when the jet is
established but this spring will give way and allow the valve to open when starting
the injector,

page_text: I SEVERIN BORLAND of 28 Ducie Street Greenheys, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INJECTORS, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bo
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists in improved combinations, arrangements and constructions
of Injectors According to one modification the outer casing is formed with &
screwed or flanged junction at one end for steam, and that end of the outer casing
is bored out to receive a steam cone which is secured in its place when the pipo is
connected.
'
The outer casing has also a lateral branch and screwed or flanged junction for
water and another for overflow, and another for the discharged combined steam
and water, and the exterior of the casing is formed of rectangular cross section
opposite to the lateral branches or junctions; two opposite sides of the rectangle
forming convex curves.
The interior of the outer casing is bored out to receive an inner casing in which
the combining and discharging cones are formed, the inner casing being bored out
at one end to form the combining cone, and at the other end is bored out to
receive a tube which is bored out to form the discharging cone and driven tightly
into the interior of the inner casing or otherwise secured therein.
There are small holes formed laterally through the sides of the inner casing
opposite the overflow orifice or space between the combining and discharging cones
to allow the overflow to enter the space in the outer casing connected with the
overflow branch, and lateral holes are also formed at the outer end of the inner
casing to allow the combined steam and water to escape laterally into the space
within the outer casing connected with the discharge branch.
The inner casing is made with two cones on its exterior, the inner one smaller than
the outer one, which exterior cones fit corresponding internal cones bored out in parts
forming partitions in the interior of the outer casing. These exterior cones on the
inner casing have also or may have one or two shoulders or flanges at their larger
ends, and the cones on the outer interior casing are ground into the corresponding
cones in the interior of the outer casing so as to be fluid tight.
There is a screw cap on the discharge end of the outer casing and the interior of
this cap comes against and holds the inner casing in its place while a centre pin
in the cap enters the axes of the inner casing and keeps it central.
There is a projection on the interior of the screw cap which when the latter is
rotated will come against a projection on the exterior end of the inner casing and
cause the two to rotate together when the cap is screwed into its place, and when
the cap is unscrewed it will first make nearly a complete revolution before it comes
against the projection on the interior casing so that in case the parts stick at any
time (which frequently happens) the screw cap alone can first be loosened and
when this is mado free it will readily act to loosen the inner casing which will
then drop out or be readily removed,

page_text: "
The interior of the first part of the steam cone is bored out parallel and in it a
small cone spindle is fitted, having a head with spaces cut out to let the steam pass,
and the cone spindle passes through a loose disc to keep the spindle central which
disc has spaces cut out for the steam to pass, and between this disc and the head
on the cone spindle and around it a helical spring is placed which will net to
push the cone spindle back and withdraw its cone from the interior of the steam
cone but the velocity of the current of steam will tend to compress the spring and
force the cone spindle inwards, and this will vary with the current of the steam
giving more space in the steam cone for steam when the current diminishes and
less space when it increases automatically.
Instead of arranging the cone and spring as above described it may be fitted in
a small tube having exterior longitudinal ribs or wings to fit into the interior of
the steam cone, the steam having thus free passage between the exterior of the
tube and interior of the steam cone.
In another modification of my improvements and forming what is termed a self-
starting injector the parts are constructed as hereinbefore described, with the
following exceptions.
The interior casing is enlarged and the combining cone is formed in two parts
the second part being cast or fixed within the interior casing so as to leave an
open space between it and the first part of the combining coñe, and an annular
cavity between its exterior and the interior of the inner casing which said second
part of the combining cone is carried by a bar or part extending across the interior
of the inner casing.
The discharging cone is constructed to form part of the inner casing into which
it screws, and is prevented from unscrewing by a check pin-When the discharging
cone is in its place there is a space for the overflow between it and the end of the
second part of the combining cone, and around the exterior of the discharging
valve.
or combining cone there is a tubular part with a disc at one end forming
This tubular part can slide to and fro on the exterior of the discharging and
combining cone and when the jet is established the disc valve part covers and
closes the outlet from the annular cavity in the inner casing forming the outlet
from the space left between the two parts of the combining cone.
When the disc valve moves to open there is a free outlet both from the said
annular cavity which is the outlet from the space between the two parts of the
combining, cone and from the ordinary overflow orifice the fluid from which is
discharged through holes in the sides of the inner casing to the annular space on
its exterior and then passes out at the overflow branch.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and fig. 2 is a cross section at A-A fig. 1 of one
modification of my improved injector. a is the outer casing, b is the steam pipe,
b the union by which it is attached to the junction; c is the water pipe, and c'
the union by which it is attached to the junction; e the delivery pipo and e¹ the
union by which it is attached to the junction with the casing a, and d is the
junction for the overflow.
The cross sections of the exterior casing a at the junctions for water (c),
overflow (d) and delivery (c) are of the shape shown by the cross section fig. 2.
The interior of the outer casing a has a partition a¹ between the wator and
overflow space, and another a between the overflow and delivery space, and those
partitions are bored out to fit the cone formed on the exterior of the tube ƒ for
the combining and discharging cones and this tube f is ground into the holes in
the partitions so as to be water tight-One end of the tube f is bored out to form
the combining tube or cone g and the other end is bored out parallel to fit the
exterior of a small tube the interior of which is bored out to form the discharging
cone and it is made to fit tight and is driven into the parallel part of the bore of
the tube f. A space is left between the small ends of the bore of the combining
and discharging cones g and h to form the ordinary overflow outlet the fluid from
which passes through holes f' in the sides of the tube f to the annular space a³ in
which similar holes f³ are also formed for the fluid delivered from the cone / to

page_text: pass to the annular space a' on the exterior of the tube f and then out at the
delivery junction e.
There is a screw cap i with a centre pin i¹ to screw into the end of the casing a
the centre pin entering the end of the interior bore of the tube f on the exterior
of which tube at its outer end there is a projection f³ (as if it were a single tooth
of a spur wheel) and there is a projection on the interior of the screw cap i
which also forms another single tooth, to gear with that f³ on the tube f. (see
fig. 2a a cross section ȧt B-B fig. 1).
When the cap is screwed in, the tooth projection upon it, engages with
that f* on the tube f and thus both are rotated while the cap is being screwed
in, but in unscrewing the cap it nearly makes one complete revolution before the
projection or tooth upon it engages with that 'fs on the tube f and rotates it, and
thus the cap can be first loosened before it begins to act to loosen the tube which
will then freely fall out when it can descend vertically. The steam junction b of
the casing a is bored out to receive the steam cone 6ª formed as shown. It has a
flange at its outer end which comes against that on the junction pipe b and is thus
held in its place when the union b¹ is screwed in its place-Inside the parallel or
cylindrical part of the steam tube 6' there is another tube 6³ with exterior longi-
tudinal ribs or wings 6 so that an annular space (less the width of the wings or
ribs) is formed between the exterior of the small tube bª and of the large tube b
those wings or ribs b' having small projections at the outer end that come under
the flange of the pipe b which thus keeps the tube 63 from moving end ways when
the union b' is secured in its place.
The small tube 63 is closed at its inner end except that it has a central hole to form
a guide for the small spindle 6 having a cone formed on its end, and the other ond
of the spindle has a bead 6° which can slide freely within the small tube, and round
the spindle there is a helical spring 67 abutting at one end against the closed end
of the tube and at the other end against the head on the spindle--The current of
the steam acts to compress to spring b' and thus causes the cone on the end of the
spindle be to enter and fill more or less the interior small discharging bore for the
steam passing to the combining tube and thus reduce or increase the area for steam
accordingly.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section and fig. 4 a cross section at A-A fig. 3 of a modifi-
cation of my invention in which part of my improved construction of injector
hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 1 and 2 is combined with the
ordinary regulating steam cone spindle j, the casing a for which carries the
steam junction pipe b. The spindle; near its end forms a valve when screwed
close inwards with the interior of the steam cone or tube b' the end of the steam
cone spindle having a central hole, and cross hole to admit steam for lifting as is
well known.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section and fig. 6 a cross section at A-A fig. 5, of a
modification of my invention in which part of my improved construction of
injectors herein before described and illustrated by figs. 1 and 2 is combined with
steam tubes, cones or nozzles without cone spindle for regulating the steam.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section and fig. 8 à cross section at A-A fig. 7 of a self-
starting injector; that is, of an injector which when supplied with steam and water
will restart itself should its action from any cause be interrupted. The outer casing a
and its junctions for steam (b), water (c), overflow (d) and delivery (e) are arranged
as herein before described in reference to figs. 1 and 2.
The interior casing f has cones on its exterior which fit the holes in the par-
titions a¹ and a² in the interior of the outer casing a and it is screwed in and out.
by a capi with a centre pin i¹as herein before described in reference to figs. 1
and 2-The steam cone 6 is formed as shown, and is held in the exterior casing a
by the flange upon it and upon the steam pipe b when the union b¹ is screwed on as
shown.
The interior tube or casing ƒ is bored out and screwed at each end to receive that
part of the combining the i
169

page_text: which the discharging tube his formed at the other end, the latter when screwed
in being secured by a lock pin h¹. An interior collar fis formed in the inner
casing against which collar the ends of longitudinal ribs gª come, which are
formed on the exterior of the second part of the combining tube g as shown.
The other ends of these longitudinal ribs come against the part g¹ when screwed
into its place in the tube f.
There is thus an escape space g* between the lifting part gl and the combining
cone g, the outlet from which is through the annular space between the exterior
of the combining cone g and the interior of the inner casing f, and out through the
annular space f* formed between the internal collar in the inner casing and the
exterior of the combining cone g. The fluid from the space g* and that from
the ordinary overflow pass through holes or slits f¹ in the sides of the inner
casing to the annular space a³ on its exterior and then out at the overflow
branch d.
There is a disc k on the end of a tube and this disc has a hole in its centre to
Blide freely on the exterior of the combining tube g so that when moved sufficiently
it will close the outlet f* from the escape space g*.
The interior of the tube k¹ on which the disc k is formed, slides and is guided on
the exterior of the discharging or delivery tube h, holes k² being formed in the
sides of the tube k to allow the ordinary overflow to pass to the outlet d.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of a modified arrangement of the inner casing
and the valve k, f is the inner tube or casing; h the part in which the delivery
tube or cone is formed as shown and screwed into the large end of the inner casing,
and secured from unscrewing by a lock pin.
g is the combining tube or cone having exterior wings g³ coming against the
internal collar and being held in its place by the lifting part g¹ of the combining
tube when screwed in its place.
The valve for closing the escape space is formed by a double annular cone k on
the end of a tube k' which has a collar k³ on its exterior that slides and is guided
against parts of the interior casing f not cut away to form the slits f¹ for the two
escapes of fluid to pass through to the overflow d.
The double annular cone valve k is shown in the position closing the outlet f*
from the escape space g* when it moves to the other extreme, its end rests on the
collar on the exterior of the combining tubo h, and the fluid from the ordinary
overflow can escape through holes k³ in the sides of the tube k¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of a tube in which the combining cone is formed with a
separate tube forming the delivery cone or tube substantially as described and
illustrated by the drawings.
2. The combination of a tube having the combining cone formed in it with a
separate tube within it forming the delivery cone, and with a screw cap (i) for
screwing the said combined tubes in and out of the casing, substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. The combination of a screw cap with a projection in it for acting upon a
corresponding projection on a tube carrying or in which are formed the combining
and delivery cones with a casing for screwing the said tube in and out of the
end of the casing substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings.
4. The combination of a screw cap (i) with an injector casing for screwing a
tube coned on its exterior in which the combining and discharging cones are carried
or formed in and out of the partitions (a' and a³) in the casing, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
5. The combination with the steam cone of an injector of a sliding steam cone
spindle and spring to automatically regulate the steam passing through the steam

page_text: cone according to its velocity or pressure, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings.
6. The combination of a disc or double annular. V valve (k) with a tubo k¹ or its
equivalent movable on the exterior of stationary, combining and discharging cones
or one of them and sliding thereon or within the interior of a casing or tube or
equivalent on the exterior of the combining and discharging tubes to automatically
close an outlet (f*) from an escape space (g*) between the lifting and combining
cones when the jet is established substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
7. The several combinations and arrangements of injectors in which the casing
is formed in cross section opposite the junctions for steam, overflow and delivery as
shown in figs. 2, 4, 6 and 8 of the drawings as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.