Year: 1886

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of 67 Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me
from abroad by Marshall Rood Goding of 76 State Street; Boston, Massachusetts,
United States of America, Manufacturer, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in steam engine speed governors, in
which by the centrifugal motion of balls or other matters a steam valve is moved
in order to govern the speed of the engine; the object of the improvement being to
maintain an engine, on which it is placed, at a required speed under conditions of
load or variation of steam pressure up to the full capacity of the engine and steam
pressure furnished; and thus correct the irregularity of speed caused by the
centrifugal part of the governor being so connected to the valve that they are
obliged to move together; the opening and closing of the valve being dependent on
a change in the plane of revolution of the centrifugal part or balls of the governor.
As no change in this plane can take place without a change of speed resulting, it
usually becomes impossible to open the valve to do more work without going
slower, or to close the valve to do less work without a corresponding increase of
speed. By means of the following described mechanism, this irregularity may be
entirely or substantially overcome and any required speed of the engine be
maintained.
Fig. 1 is
front elevation of the improved governor. Fig. 2 is a horizontal
section of it on a plane passing through the axis of the driving spindle B. Fig. 3
is an enlarged vertical section of the parts to be described, that are below the
ring C, hereinafter mentioned the said section being in a plane passing through
the axis of the spindle B.
Throughout the drawings, similar letters refer to similar parts.
The frame work of the governor is shown at A in the said figures, and when the
governor is in use, is bolted to the flange or other proper part of the engine valve
chest, containing a valve suitably connected to the lower end of that part of the

page_text: valve stem which in Figs 1 and 3, is lettered O, the spindle shown at B imparts a
rotary motion from the driving pulley M to a bevel gear I which engages with and
revolves the gears J and H.
The bevel gear J is fastened on the lower part of the tubular spindle M₁ of the
annulas C that sustains or has fulcrumed to it, the levers R of the governor falls K,
the bevel gear H being revoluble on the screw threaded and tubular part E to be
described. When the gear
J is revolved it revolves the spindle M³, which in turn
revolves the annulas C and the balls K connected therewith. The levers R are
properly jointed or applied at their ends to the spool N fixed on the rod L adapted
to slide vertically in the spindle M.
D is a clutch provided at its upper end with a clutching projection b, and at its
lower end with another such projection c. At its upper end the clutch is fastened
to the lower portion of that part of the valve stem or rod lettered L by being
screwed upon the same and held from rotation about said stem or rod by a set
screw e arranged as shown in Fig. 3.
The clutch D in its lower part is screw-threaded internally as represented at S to
receive the screw threaded upper part of a tube E arranged concentrically on and
pinned or otherwise fastened to that part of the valve stem which is marked O.
This clutch D has vertical motions imparted to it by the rise and fall of the balls K,
through the medium of their levers R and the spool N such spool revolving
between collars that are pinned to the valve stem L one above and the other
below said spool. The clutch receives no rotary motion unless when either of its
clutching projections b or c is in contact with the next adjacent of the clutching
projections a or d, extending from the gears J and H. In such case it has a
motion in the direction of that of the gear with which it is in engagement. When
the projection 6 is in contact with the projection a, the revolution of the clutch Dis
in a direction opposite to that in which it revolves when the projection c is in
contact with the projection a. The valve stem may be said to be composed of the
four parts O, E, D, and L as described, which allow it to be lengthened or
shortened automatically, while the governor is in motion. The part O has vertical
motions necessary to the opening and closing of the valve; such part O being
prevented from revolving by being pinned to a stop F, which has also only a
vertical motion on a post or guide P projecting upward from the base part of the
frame A as shown in Figs 1 and 3. To the lower end of the part O the steam
engine valve to be operated by it, is to be suitably connected. The part E is
fastened to the part O, and with it has only vertical motions. The upper end of
the part E is screw threaded to enter and engage with the screw threaded part S
of the clutch D. As when the governor is in operation the parts O, E, have
vertical motions only, the revolution of the clutch D about the part E causes the
latter either to rise or fall in the threaded part S, thus shortening or lengthening
the valve stem to vary the movement of the valve, so as to thereby admit more or
less steam to the engine cylinder. The object of having the stem portion L screwed
into the clutch D and kept from rotation by the set screw e is that such stem
portion may act as a speeder, for, in proportion as it is screwed into the clutch D,
the faster will be the speed of the engine. The stop F is to prevent the parts E, O,
of the valve stem from revolving, and such stop is also to limit the downward
movement, of such parts, which it does by contact with the base b' of the frame.
It also limits their upward movement when carried into contact with the lower
end of the hub of the gear H.
The operation of this governor may be stated to be as follows. The stem part L
is to be screwed into or out from the clutch D until the adjustment of the stem
becomes such as to cause the engine to go at a required speed, and the balls K, to
revolve in such a plane as will hold the clutch D, between and free from contact
with the clutching projections a, d, of the gears J and H. Now, should more
work be required to be done by the engine the speed, for the instant, will be
reduced, the balls K will drop so as to cause the valve to open more and let in to
the cylinder more steam viz enough to do the extra work at a slower speed, the

page_text: same as in many other governors now or heretofore in use. To restore the speed,
the clutch D, moving in an opposite direction from that of the balls K has to
rise from its position between the gears J, and H until its projection b shall
come in contact with the clutching projection a of the gear J. Such gear will
next impart to the clutch a rotary motion in a direction in which the gear may
be turning and as the parts E and O, of the stem cannot rotate, the internal
screw S will raise the valve stem and operate the valve so as to admit more steam
to the cylinder, which will increase the speed of the engine, until, the balls K. rise
to their former plane of revolution when the clutch D will be again free of contact
with and between the gears J and H as before. The opposite of this operation
would be the result if less work were to be done by the engine; the balls K would
rise, the clutch D would drop and its projection c would come into contact with
the projection d, of the gear H, and as this gear moves in a direction opposite
to that of the gear J, the valve stem would be dropped so as to cause a shutting
off of the steam until the speed would become reduced enough to again free
the clutch D. In this manner a required speed of the engine can always be
maintained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
1. In a centrifugal governor, the valve stem composed of the parts L, D, E
and O, made and applied substantially as set forth, and operated as described to
open or close more or less the valve of said governor by a duplex movement;
directly through the rise and fall of the centrifugal parts or balls K, and indirectly
through the changing automatically of the length of the stem, while the governor
is in motion; all being substantially as shown and specified.
2. In a centrifugal speed governor the longitudinal adjustable parts L, D, of the
valve stem L, D, E O, in combination with the set screw e, whereby the valve
stem may be so adjusted as to maintain a required speed under varying conditions
of load on the engine substantially as described and shown.
3. The combination of the clutch D internally screw-threaded as described and
arranged to operate with the gears J and H engaging, with the driving gear I, as
represented, with the valve stem separate parts L and E arranged with and
screwed as shown into the said clutch; such part E being movable only vertically
and fixed to the part O and such part L being arranged with the spindle M' of the
balls K and connected as described with the levers of such balls-all being
essentially and to operate in manner and for the objects as specified.
4. The combination of the stop F fixed to the rod O and adapted to slide on the
post P extending upward from the frame base 61, with the speed regulator
substantially as described, consisting of the frame A, rod O, screw-threaded
tube E, internally screw threaded clutch D, screw threaded rod L, tubular
spindle M¹, shaft B, gears H, I and J, ring C, weighted lever R, and the spool or
connections N, arranged and to operate essentially as set forth.