IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING, TWISTING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hunter, Machinist, and Richard McCloy,
Mechanic, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING, TWISTING,
AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
"
Sealed the 7th January 1873, and dated the 7th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hunter and
Richard McCloy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th September 1872.
We, WILLIAM HUNTER, Machinist, and RICHARD MCCLOY, Mechanic,
both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING,
TWISTING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
Apparatus EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say):
This Invention which relates to improvements in the arrangement or
construction of certain parts of spinning, twisting, and winding frames,
consists as follows:-The spindles which carry the bobbins or pirns, or

page_text: on which the cops are directly wound, are driven independently of the
flies, that is to say, two driving cylinders are employed arranged in the
frame one above the other, around one of which the bands pass by
which the spindles are driven, and around the other pass those bands
by which the flies are driven. The middle or upper rail of the frame is
provided with tubes which constitute the bearings in which the upper
ends of the spindles revolve, and the flies (being inverted) are provided
with sockets which fit over the outside of these tubes, so that the outer
part of the tubes constitutes the bearings on which the flies revolve.
The driving cylinders are provided with conical driving pullies, by
means of which the difference in the rates of revolution of the spindles
and flies may be adjusted as required, according to the number of the
yarns being spun, whilst the variations of speed required to correspond
with the increasing diameters of the bobbins, as the yarn is wound
thereon, are effected by means of a pall and ratchet apparatus actuated
by the rising and falling movement of the rail upon which the spindles
and flies are carried, the pall and ratchet being employed to turn a screw
which shifts the position of the belt guide which embraces the belt
passing over the conical pullies on the driving cylinder shafts, and
imparts a differential rate of motion to the spindles and flies.
When employed as a pirn or cop making machine there is a drop
or "copping" motion used for lowering the spindle as the pirn or cop
fills.
"
When spinning “fine counts of yarns a special bobbin cupped out
and rounded at both ends is employed, which lightens and admits of
the reversing of the bobbins.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Hunter and Richard McCloy in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM 3
HUNTER, Machinist, and RICHARD MCCLOY, Mechanic, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
36th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Hunter and Richard McCloy,
Her special license that we, the said William Hunter and Richard
McCloy, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said William Hunter and Richard McCloy, our executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING, TWISTING,
AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said William Hunter and Richard M°Cloy, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Hunter and Richard
McCloy, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
Our said Invention which relates to improvements in the arrange-
ment or construction of certain parts of spinning, twisting, and winding
frames, consists as follows:-The spindles which carry the bobbins or
pirns, or on which the cops are directly wound are driven independently
of the flies, that is to say, two or more driving cylinders are employed,
arranged in the frame one above the other, around one of which the
bands pass by which the spindles are driven, and around the other pass
those bands by which the flies are driven. The fixed or carrying rail of
the frame is provided with tubes which constitute the bearings in which
the upper ends of the spindles revolve, and the flies (being inverted) are
provided with sockets which fit over the outside of these tubes, so that
the outer part of the tubes constitutes the bearings on which the flies

page_text: revolve. The driving cylinders are provided with conical driving pullies
by means of which the difference in the rates of revolution of the
spindles and flies may be adjusted as required, according to the numbers
of the yarns being spun, whilst the variations of speed required to
correspond with the increasing diameters of the bobbins as the yarn is 5
wound thereon are effected by means of a pall and ratchet apparatus
actuated by the rising and falling movement of the rail upon which the.
spindles and flies are carried, the pall and ratchet being employed to
turn a screw which shifts the position of the belt guide which embraces
the belt passing over the conical pullies on the driving cylinder shafts, 1
and imparts a differential rate of motion to the spindles and flies.
When employed as a pirn or cop making machine there is a drop
and "copping" motion used for lowering the spindle as the pirn or
cop fills.
When spinning "fine counts" of yarns, a special bobbin cupped out 1
and rounded at both ends is employed, which lightens and admits of
the reversing of the bobbins.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into 2
effect, that is to say :-
On the Sheet of Drawings hereunto appended Figure 1 is a front
elevation, and Figure 2 an end elevation, shewing a part in section
of a spindle and fly with driving cylinders and accompanying details
arranged and constructed in accordance with this Invention.
2
As shewn by these Figures the fixed or carrying rail A of the frame
is provided with tubes B, which constitute the bearings in which the
upper parts of the spindles C revolve. The tubes B pass through the
rail A, and are supported beneath the rail A by brackets D, which are
used to obviate the necessity of a third carrying rail. The brackets D 3
are carried by the bottom and movable rail E of the frame, and are so
constructed that their lower ends form bearings F in which the lower
extremities of the spindles C revolve. The spindles C are provided with
buttons G upon which the bobbins H rest when receiving the yarn or
thread M. The inverted flies I are constructed with sockets J which 3
fit over the outsides of the upper parts of the tubes B, so that the outer
surface of that part of each of the tubes B constitutes the bearing on

page_text: which each of the flies I revolve. Attached to the fly sockets J are
pullies a, round which the bands or cords & pass for driving the flies.
Driving cylinders K and K¹, respectively are arranged in any convenient
way within the frame, the cylinders K. being employed for driving the
flies I, whilst by means of the cylinder K₁ the spindles C are driven
independently of the flies I. The two cylinders K are used by preference
in driving the flies I, and are arranged side by side, as shewn more
particularly at Figure 2 of the Drawings. The bands or cords 6 pass
round the cylinder K furthest away from the flies I, and from thence
pass under the second cylinder K, the upper parts of the bands or
cords bearing against the under surface of the same, as shewn. By
this arrangement the bands or cords are kept in a position to
correspond with the grooves on the pullies a of the flies I, but in place
of the two cylinders K one cylinder may be employed. In driving the
spindles C the bands or cords c pass round the cylinder K', and from
thence round pullies d attached to the lower parts of the spindles C.
At Figures 3 and 4 a spindle C and flier I with accompanying details
are shewn in front and end elevation respectively, with a pirn L receiving
the yarn or thread M.
Figure 5 is a plan shewing a portion of the driving cylinders K
and K¹ respectively. The cylinders K and K' are provided with conical
driving pullies N, by means of which the difference in the rates of
revolution of the spindles and flies may be adjusted as required,
according to the "counts" of the yarn being spun. The lower rail E on
or in which the spindles C are carried is provided with a pall O, which
by the falling movement of the rail E actuates a ratchet wheel P (the
pall O entering a tooth of the ratchet wheel it presses upon it in
descending, and on rising enters another tooth, which it again presses
upon in descending, so that the ratchet wheel P is thus rotated) carried
on a shaft e, supported in suitable bearings f. A spur wheel Q is
situated on the shaft e, which gears with a pinion R, carried by a second
shaft g, supported in bearings h. A second spur wheel S is placed on
the shaft g which gears with a pinion T, attached to one extremity of a
screw U. The screw U is provided with a nut V, supported in a slide i.
The nut V is attached to a belt guide W which embraces the belt k,
passing round the conical pullies N. As the ratchet wheel P is revolved
motion is transmitted through the spur wheels and pinions Q, R, S,
and T to the screw U, which by means of the nut V causes the belt

page_text: guide W to shift the position of the belt k on the conical pullies N,
thereby effecting the variations of speed required to correspond with the
increasing diameters of the bobbins as the yarn or thread is wound
thereon, and thus a differential rate of motion is imparted to the spindles
and flies. It is obvious that by the differential rate of motion thus
obtained either the spindle or fly may be made to lead or follow as
desired.
When employed as a pirn or cop making machine there is a drop
motion employed for lowering the spindles as the pirn or cop fills, or is
built up (which as being well understood we have not shewn on the
Drawings), and the variations of speed required to correspond with the
varying diameters of that part of the pirns or cops, namely, the upper
conical parts at which the yarn is wound thereon, as well as the copping
or building motion is effected by means of a crank A, as shewn at
Figure 6 of the Drawings. The rail E is provided with a pin or stud B,
to which one arm of the crank A is attached by a link, whilst the other
arm is attached by means of a connecting rod C to the belt guide W.
By the rising and falling movement of the rail E the crank A is
oscillated, thereby shifting the position of the belt guide W and belt k
passing round the conical pullies N, thus producing the required
variations of speed.
When spinning "coarse counts" of yarns the driving cylinders K and
K' may be provided with pinions A (as shewn at Figure 7), one of which
gears with a spur wheel B, whilst the other gears with a change pinion C,
by changing which for one with more or less teeth, the difference in
the rates of revolution of the spindles and flies may be adjusted, as
required.
In spinning "fine counts" of yarns, a bobbin cupped out and rounded
at both ends is employed, which lightens and admits of the reversing
of the bobbins. A bobbin of this kind is shewn in section under one
form at Figure 8, it is however to be understood that the forms thereof
may be considerably modified from that of the one shewn.
·
In wet spinning or doubling a bobbin is used cupped at one end
only, as shewn at Figure 9, so as to overlap the button on the spindle to
prevent the ingress of water, and so render the tension uniform.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the

page_text: same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, we would
observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. Driving the spindle and flies independently of cach other, and
the arrangement of mechanism employed therefor, as herein-before
described and shewn on the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The arrangement and construction of mechanism or apparatus
for the obtainment of a differential rate of motion, namely, by reversed
cones or by spur gearing, as herein-before described and illustrated on
the appended Sheet of Drawings.
Third. The construction of bobbins with one or both ends cupped so
as to overlap the button on the spindle, or to be reversible, as herein-
before described.
Fourth. The employment of brackets D in lieu of using a third rail
as hitherto, as herein-before described and shewn on the appended Sheet
of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Hunter and Richard
McCloy, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day
of March, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
WITТТАХГ
הרזיזזה
WILLIAM HUNTER. (L.S.)
· RICHARD MCCLOY: (L.S.)
•