IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLI- CABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Weild, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLI-
CABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING OTHER FABRICS"
Sealed the 28th July 1857, and dated the. 29th January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Weild at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on-the
29th January 1857.
I, WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS, PART OF WHICH, IMPROVE
MENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, my Invention relates to a new arrangement, and combination of the
wire motions described under the fifth head or division of the Specification of
a Patent granted to me in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five, No. 505.
This part of my Invention is particularly applicable to the weaving of broad
pile fabrics, and consists in placing a wire motion on each side of a loom, so
that a wire may be simultaneously introduced into the shed and withdrawn
from the fabric by each wire motion, the ends of the wires meeting in the
.middle of the fabric...The mechanism actuating the wire motion on one side

page_text: of the loom may be distinct from that on the other side, or both may be
actuated from the same movements, which may be transmitted by shafts and
geering from one side of the loom to the other. When the loops formed by
the wires are to be cut open, this may be accomplished immediately after
passing the taking-up roller by a reciprocating knife or knives arranged to
-slide on a suitable path across or partly across the fabric.
Secondly, my Invention relates principally to looms for weaving pile fabrics,
where each pile thread is placed on a bobbin, the pile shed being formed by
jacquard mechanism. In such looms for weaving Brussels carpet some of the
pile threads frequently do not open up close to the fell of the fabric when the
shed is formed; they do not make what is technically termed a "clear shed,"
-consequently, some of the loops are imperfectly made, and the fabric is thus
rendered defective. The object of this part of my Invention is to remedy this
imperfect clearing," which I accomplish by the following arrangements and
anechanism, in which this part of my Invention consists. When the loop is to
be formed I make a shed by lifting the required pile threads, and introduce a
rod in it, and allow this rod to be beaten up by the reed, the edge of the rod
passing a short distance over the upper surface of the fabric. By this means
the pile threads intended to form the pile loops are bent partly round the rod,
which bending action causes each pile thread to be drawn up tight, and form a
clear shed for the wire, which may be inserted simultaneously with the rod, or
the wire may be introduced when the rod is withdrawn, or the insertion of the
wire may take place simultaneously with the withdrawal of the rod. If the
rod is inserted simultaneously with the wire it may be supported by the rod.
The passage of the wire through the shed may be also facilitated when it is
inserted simultaneously with the withdrawal of the rod by passing the end of
the wire into a hole in the end of the rod. The rod may be arranged on the
wire motion side of the loom, or on that side of the loom. opposite the wire
motion in looms having a wire motion only on one side. Two rods may be
employed meeting in the middle of the fabric when a wire motion is employed
on both sides of a loom. In using this clearing rod. I prefer to form a double
shed, one for the rod or rod and wire, and another for the shuttle, so that a
shoot of weft and the clearing rod may be simultaneously beaten up by the
reed. This rod may have the necessary reciprocating movement to insert and
withdraw it from the shed by the same apparatus which actuates the wire
motion or distinct mechanism may be used. The object of this part
of niy Invention may be also accomplished as follows:-The wire when
introduced into the shed may be driven a short distance over the upper
surface of the fabric by projections in front of the reed being allowed to

page_text: come back to the proper position to form the loops when the reed retires, which
will, on again coming forward, beat it up in the usual manner, the projections
in front of the reed being then taken out of the way. The wire in this case
would act in a manner equivalent to the clearing rod before described. The
5 accomplishment of the object of this part of my Invention may be facilitated
by employing arrangements to pinch or clamp the whole of the pile threads at
a point between the creels and the harness. The pinching action may be
performed by a cam causing the mechanism to hold the threads during the
formation of the shed for the wire, or the mechanism may be caused to pinch
the threads after the shed is formed, which may then be drawn tight as required
by a rod or rods pressing upon them, or by a back movement of the pinching
mechanism.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to means for operating wires in weaving pile
fabrics, and consists in the arrangement of a belt, rope, or chain having a
suitable instrument attached to it for withdrawing a wire from the fabric, and
in another belt, rope, or, chain having attached to it a suitable instrument for
holding the wire, so as to insert it in the shed. These belts, ropes, or chains
pass over pulleys, and are placed opposite the points where they have to
operate the wires, having the necessary reciprocating motion from pulleys on
the same shaft actuated by a cam. The belts, ropes, or chains are so arranged
that the instrument on the belt for withdrawing the wire will bring and deliver
the end of the wire to the instrument attached to the belt for inserting the wire
into the shed. The point of the wire is guided during its insertion by suitable
arrangements. This part of my Invention also consists in employing an oscil-
lating arm for operating the wires in weaving pile fabrics, as follows:-The
arm is fixed on a shaft, which has motion given to it by a cam, which gives
sufficient oscillating or vibrating motion to cause the arm to insert and withdraw
a wire. The shaft on which the arm is fixed has an end motion imparted to it
to move the arm between the point of inserting and that of withdrawing the
wires. The arm is provided with a parallel motion, which causes an instrument
on the end of it to move in a straight line. This instrument takes hold of the
end of, the wire; it is formed by a hook having a hoop that slides upon it. This
loop secures the hold of the hook upon the piece on the end of the wire. The
end of the wire is released from the hook when the wire is inserted in the shed
by the hoop coming in contact with a stop, which slides it off the piece on the.
end of the wire.
.
This part of my Invention also consists in a modification of the wire motion
described under the fifth division of the Specification of my Patent, No. 505,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, herein-before.
0

page_text: referred to, whichi wire motion is shewn by the Figures 30, 31, 32, and 33 of
the Drawings annexed to the said Specification. In my proposed modification
of this wire motion; the-trough (b) is dispensed with, a fork or lever being used
only to transfer the end of the wire from the point of withdrawal to that of
insertion. The pushers (g 4 and g 6) for inserting and withdrawing the wire
are also dispensed with, and an instrument is substituted for holding the end of
the wires, both to withdraw and-insert them in the fabric, which instrument is
similar to that berein-before referred to. It is attached to a slide fitted on an
arm corresponding to that on which the pusher (94) is attached, so that it can
be slided so as to come opposite the point for withdrawing or inserting the
wire. When the wire is inserted in the shed the instrument employed to
'transfer the end of the wire from the point of withdrawal to that of insertion
slides the instrument for withdrawing and inserting the wire opposite the point
for withdrawing the wire. It is kept in the required position while actuating
the wire by a cam path fixed to the plate carrying the main slide path (7).
Fourthly, my Invention relates to improved arrangements for picking the
shuttle in looms for weaving, and it consists in obtaining the movement for this
purpose from cams or bowls on the crank shaft, which act upon bowls or arms
on the picking shafts, which are arranged so as to be brought in and out of
gear with the cams or bowls on the crank shaft. The arms on the picking
shafts are slided upon them, so as to be brought in and out of geer, that they
may be acted upon when required by cams or tappets. This part of my
Invention also consists in employing the star wheel or intermittent motion for
giving motion to the picking tappet shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Weild, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th July 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Weild, Her especial license that I, the said William Weild, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William

page_text: Weild, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention för "IMPROVEMENTS IN. LOOMS FOR:
WEAVING PILE FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE: TO LOOMS:
FOR WEAVING OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the-
said William Weild, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal;
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months, next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Weild, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following:
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Firstly, my Invention relates to a new arrangement and combination of the
wire motions described under the fifth head or division of the Specification of
a Patent granted to me in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five, Number 505. This part of my Invention is particularly
applicable to the weaving of broad pile fabrics, and consists in placing a wire-
motion on each side of a loom, so that a wire may be simultaneously intro-
duced into the shed, and withdrawn from the fabric by each wire motion,.the
ends of the wires meeting in the middle of the fabric. The mechanism
actuating the wire motion on one side of the loom may be distinct from that
on the other side, or both may be actuated from the same movements, which
may be transmitted by shafts, and geering from one side of the loom to the
other. When the loops formed by the wires are to be cut.open, this may be
accomplished immediately after passing the taking-up roller, by a reciprocating
knife or knives arranged to slide on a suitable path across or partly across the
fabric. This part of my Invention is illustrated by the Figures on Sheet 1
and 2 of the annexed Drawings. Fig. 1 is supposed to be a front elevation,
shewing the manner of geering two wire motions together, one on each side of
the loom. The wire motions represented are supposed to be cylinder wire
motions, constructed and arranged as described in the Specification of the
Patent herein-before referred to as granted to me in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, Number 505, or constructed
and arranged according to the improvements in cylinder wire motions, de-
scribed in the Specification of a Patent granted to me in the year of our Lord,

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and Number 2593. A, the side
frames of the loom; the wire motion on one side is arranged the same as that
on the other side. a is the tappet shaft; a¹ is the cam that gives motion to
the toothed segment, which gives oscillating motion 'to the shaft a³; motion is
conveyed from the shaft a³ on one side to that on the other side by a shaft a'
in suitable bearings; the bevel wheels employed being arranged as shewn, so
that the shafts a³ and a revolve in opposite directions, as required. By these
mcans it will be seen that the slides (6) on each side will receive the same
movements simultaneously. The rotating motion imparted to the cylinder or
roller c on one side is also imparted to the cylinder on the other side by a
shaft c, passing across the loom (carried in suitable bearings) in the, manner
shewn; the troughs d for directing the wires are each actuated by a separate
cam'd'; the ends of the wires are made so as to overlap each other in the
middle of the fabric, being bevelled so that when together they will not be of
greater thickness than one wire. Fig. 2 (Sheet 1) is intended to show that
that modification of the cylinder wire motion formed by an oscillating groove
or trough, and described under the fifth head of the Specification of my Patent,
Number 505, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
five, as well as those modifications under the third head or division of this
Specification, may also be arranged on each side of a loom in like manner to
the cylinder wire motion; the slides (b) being worked in the same manner,
both troughs oscillating on the same shaft (c), fixed in suitable bearings, and
passing across the loom; the shaft (c) being actuated by a cam (c) on the
tappet shaft, through a lever c, fixed on the end of the shaft c'. In looms
having a wire motion on one side only the shuttle box is detached on the wire
motion side; consequently, looms having wire motions on both sides have
both shuttle boxes detached. They are both arranged and actuated in the
same manner as described in the Specification of my Patent, Number 505, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. Upon
Sheet will be found several Figures showing arrangements for cutting open
the loops formed by the wires; Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively front and end
view. A, framing; a³ and a³, shafts, having oscillating motion to actuate the
slides (b); e, taking-up roller; e¹ roller, upon which the fabric is wound. In
passing from one roller to the other, the back of the fabric is brought against
a beam f, fixed between the side frames of the loom; another beam g is fixed
between the side frames parallel to the beam f. This beam (g) forms the
path of a slide (h), which can slide across the fabric from one side to the
other. This slide (h) has motion. communicated to it by a rope or band (²),
the ends of which are attached to a pulley he fixed on the oscillating shaft a³;

page_text: The rope or band h' also passes round the guide pulley h 3 placed on a stud
attached to the framing. The slide (h) carries a knife (h), which is adjusted
so that its point enters a loop when the slide h is on one side of the fabric, and
cuts it open as the slide is moved along to the other side. The cutting (as
arranged) may take place either when the shaft (a) makes that movement
for withdrawing or that for inserting the wires. Fig. 5, a détached side-
sectional view (full size); and Fig. 6, a detached' front view of the slide and
its path, the beam f being also shewn in Fig. 5. Tlie rope or band is attached'
to the slide in the same manner as for the slides operating the wires. The
cutting knife *, (shewn in plan by Fig. 6 a,) is placed in a slit cut longi
tudinally nearly through a cylinder h, which is fixed in the slide h as shewn:
This arrangement allows of adjustment of the knife to the loop. With these
arrangements for cutting open the loops formed the wires the taking up of
the fabric is intermittent, the fabric being thus motionless during the time the
knife is cutting.
Secondly, my Invention relates principally to looms for weaving pile fabrics
where each pile thread is placed on bobbin, the pile shed being formed by
jacquard mechanism. In such looms for weaving Brussels carpet some of
the pile threads frequently do not open up close to the fell of the fabric
when the shed is formed; they do not make what is technically termed "" a;
clear shed," consequently some of the loops are inperfectly made, and the-
fabric is thus rendered defective. The object of this part of my Invention is
to remedy this imperfect "clearing," which I accomplish by the following:
arrangements and mechanism, in which this part of my Invention consists.
When the loop is to be formed, I make a shed by lifting the required pile
threads, and introduce a rod in it, and allow this rod to be beaten up by the
reed, the edge of the rod passing a short distance over the upper surface of
the fabric; by this means the pile threads intended to form the pile loops-are
bent partly round the rod, which bending. action causes each pile thread to be
drawn up tight, and form a clear shed for the wire, which may be inserted
simultaneously with the rod, or the wire may be introduced when the rod is
withdrawn, or the insertion of the wire may take place simultaneously with
the withdrawal of the rod. If the rod is inserted simultaneously with the
wire it may be supported by the rod. The passage of the wire through the
shed may be also facilitated when it is inserted simultaneously with the with-
drawal of the rod by passing the end of the wire into a hole in the end of the
rod. The rod may be arranged on the wire motion side of the loom or on
that side of the loom opposite the wire motion in looms having a wire motion:
only on one side. Two rods may be employed, meeting in the middle of the

page_text: fabric, when a wire motion is employed on both sides of a loom. In using
this clearing rod, I prefer to form a double shed, one for the rod or rod and.
wire, and another for the shuttle, so that a shoot of weft and the clearing rod.
may be simultaneously. beaten up by the reed. This rod may have the
necessary reciprocating movement to insert and withdraw, it from the shed
by the same apparatus which actuates the wire motion mechanism. The
accomplishment of the object of this part of my Invention may be, also
facilitated by employing arrangements to pinch or clamp the whole of the pile
threads at a point between the creels and the harness. The pinching action
may be given by a cam causing the mechanism to hold the threads during the
formation of the shed.for the wire; or the mechanism may be caused to pinch
the threads after the shed is formed, which may then be drawn tight, as
required, by a rod or rods pressing upon them or by a back movement of the
pinching mechanism. The manner of carrying this part of my Invention into
effect is illustrated by Figs. on Sheet 3, 4, and 5.
Fig. 7 is a Diagram representing a double shed, one for the shuttle and the
other for the clearing rod. d, shuttle; f, rod. Fig. 8, a Diagram shewing
shewing position of the clearing rod f, and the manner in which the pile threads
pass round it when it is beat up. to the fell of the fabric by the reed (9).
Fig. 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 are views shewing the manner of applying the
clearing rod on that side of the loom opposite to the wire motion, and when
the rod is withdrawn simultaneously with the insertion of the wire, the point of
of which enters into the end of the rod, which thus forms a guide for the wire
through the shed. Fig. 9 is a front view; Fig. 10, a side sectional view;
Fig. 11, a view on the clearing rod side of the loom. The wire motion,
shewn in Fig. 9 is supposed to be a cylinder wire motion, constructed and
arranged and worked in the usual manner. On a bracket (a¹) from the side
of the loom the centre of a radial arm his fixed; this is jointed to another
arm h, having its fulcrum in a bracket h²; the end of which arm is slotted, as
shewn, to allow the end movement. This arrangement causes the end of the
arm to which the clearing rod is jointed to move nearly in a straight line,
and opposite the fell of the fabric, and on a level or a little above the level of
the fabric at the fell. The clearing rod f may be jointed by one joint, so that
its point can move in a vertical direction, being left sufficiently free, so that its
point can move also laterally, or it may be jointed. to the end of the arm h¹ by
means of a "universal joint." Figs. 12 and 13 shew an arrangement for
this purpose,, full size. h is the end of the arm; i, pin forming the fulcrum
of a link, to which the clearing rod f is jointed, the axis of the link (i)
being horizontal, and that of the rod vertical. The clearing rod may be

page_text: made of metal tube, and in the oval form in section. The end of the
arm (h) to which the rod is attached is about one-third the width of the
fabric from the edge of the fabric when the clearing rod is fully inserted in
the shed, the point of the clearing rod passing a little beyond the edge of the
fabric. The clearing rod is guided into and through the shed by an arrange-
ment acting in a manner similar to that employed for directing the wires in
the "cylinder wire motion," which is worked by a cam on the tappet
shaft. (a) acting upon a lever jointed to the vertical rod k. The lever or
arm h¹ to which the clearing rod f is attached is actuated by a cam 1, which
acts upon a bowl placed upon a stud forming the axis of the joint connecting
the arm hand h. The cam (1) is. placed on a shaft (working in suitable
bearings attached to the framing) which geers with the tappet shaft by
bevil wheels. The cam (7) is shaped to cause the clearing rod to be inserted
in the shed as if it were a wire, and to withdraw it after being beat up before
the reed again arrives at the fell of the fabric. The wire motion may be
arranged to enter the wire into the end of the clearing rod at the time it is
being beat up by the reed, and the movement given to the clearing rod and
wire should be arranged so that the point of the wire will not leave the end
of the rod before it is through the shed. Of course, the wire may be inserted
in the usual manner, irrespective of the motion of the rod, one entering the
shed as the other leaves it; but it will be found advantageous to make use of
the rod to conduct and guide the point of the wire through the shed in the
manner herein-before described. Both shuttle boxes are detached with a
rod on one side and a wire motion on the other side, as when a wire motion is
employed on both sides of a loom.
The Figures on Sheet 5 shew a cylinder wire motion arranged so as to
introduce a clearing rod and wire simultaneously, the clearing rod supporting
the wire. This wire motion is a combination of those described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to me, No. 2593, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and shewn by Sheet 2 of the
Drawings annexed to the said Specification.
The cylinder (c) has only six grooves, and is constructed in the same
manner as that shewn in Figs. 14, 15, 16, and 17. of the Drawings of the
Specification above referred to, but the casing (m), slide (b), pushers.(n
and n), and other arrangements are similar to those shewn in Figs. 8 to 13
of the Drawings annexed to the Specification above referred to.
Fig. 14 is a view looking on the top side of the cylinder (c) and casing
(m); Fig. 15, a view at the end part in section; Fig. 16 and 17, views
shewing positions of the clearing rod f and wire f', at each end of the cylinder

page_text: (c); Fig. 17, a section; Fig. 19, transverse view in section of cylinder (c),
slide (b), inserting finger (n¹), and one of the fingers (n) for holding the wire
in the groove when withdrawn from the fabric. It will be seen that six
rods are used in the cylinder, the shape of the section of which may be seen
by reference to Fig. 17. These rods fit into grooves, so as to be flush with
the surface of the cylinder, one side of the rod being cut away to form a
recess or groove for the wire. The head of such rod is of the form shewn
(seen best in Figs. 16, 18, and. 19)... The shape of the pusher (n¹), which.
inserts and withdraws the rods, is seen in Figs. 14; 18, and 19. The slide
(b) stands at the end of the cylinder, the pusher being in such a position that
when the cylinder turns to bring forward another wire the head of the rod
and wire brought forward comes under the pusher, the head of the rod entering
the space or notch cut out of the under. side of the pusher. The forward
movement of the slide causes the rod and wire to be pushed out of the groove
of the cylinder, and the backward movement causes the rod to be brought
back into the groove of the cylinder, leaving the wire in the shed, as the
wire is prevented from coming back with the rod by the spring catch (p),
which is shaped to enter a notch formed in the side of the head of the wire,
as seen in Fig. 14. The wires are withdrawn from the fabric into the
cylinder in the usual; manner. The clearing rods are made of flexible and
elastic material, so as to bend easily. Wire motions constructed as described
are fixed further from the edge of the fabric than the common cylinder wire
motion without rods, the object of this being to give more length to bend the
rod and wire, which is directed into and through the shed by the same means
as are employed in the common cylinder wire motion. The cam actuating
the slide will have to be made as usual for giving motion to insert the wire,
but will have to be shaped so as to begin to give the movement for with-
drawing a wire and a rod shortly after the rod and wire have been beat up,
rod and. wire withdrawn before
the back movement being completed and the
the reed again comes to the fell of the fabric. In other respects wire motions
with rods are arranged and worked in the usual manner.
Arrangements for pinching or clamping the pile threads are shewn on
Sheet 6 by Fig. 20 a side view, Fig. 21 a plän view, and Fig. 22 an edge
view, of parts detached. An upright (A¹) is fixed on each side of the loom.
These uprights carry rods a, similar to the
the threads coming from each pile frame.
a', cach forming the centre or fulcrum of a
are connected by a rod or bar a.7; and each pair of rods or bars a and a 7 form
a pinching apparatus, the pile threads passing between them. .
rods usually employed to divide
These uprights also carry studs
lever. a², and each pair of levers

page_text: The bars a 7 press upon the bars a when the weights (a 3) on the levers (a)
are allowed to descend. The ends of the levers (a) on each side of the loomi
pass into slots (one slot to each lever), formed in upright pieces a³, placed
in guides formed by brackets A² attached to the side frames. The lower
end of each of the upright pieces (a) are jointed to arms (a 5) on a shaft
(a) placed across the loom and, working in suitable bearings. This shaft
is actuated by a cam on the tappet shaft, so that the ends of the lever will
all be lifted and be let free, according as the threads are to be free and at
liberty or to be pinched and held fast. The cam may be made to act so as
to pinch the threads when the shed for the wire begins to be formed or when
partly formed, as may be required.
Thirdly, this part of my Invention consists in modifications of the wire
motion described under the fifth division of the Specification of my Patent
No. 505, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five,
herein-before referred to, which wire motion is shewn by the Figures 30, 31,.
32, and 33 of the Drawings annexed to the said Specification.
One of my proposed modifications of this wire motion differs from it prin-
cipally in giving motion only to one end of the trough, but in the other
modification the trough (6) is dispensed with, a fork or lever being used only
to transfer the end of the wire from the point of withdrawal to that of
insertion. The pushers (94 and q 6) for inserting and withdrawing the wire
are in this modification also dispensed with, and an instrument is substituted
for holding the end of the wires both to withdraw and insert them in the
fabric, which instrument is of peculiar construction. It is attached to a slide,
fitted on an arm corresponding to that on which the pusher (4) is attached,
so that it can be slided so as to come opposite the point for withdrawing or
inserting the wire. When the wire is inserted in the shed, the instrument
employed to transfer the end of the wire from the point of withdrawal to
that of insertion slides the instrument for withdrawing and inserting the
wire opposite the point for withdrawing the wire. It is kept in the required
position while actuating the wire by a cam path, fixed to the plate carrying"
the main slide path (l).
These modifications are illustrated by Sheets 7 and 8.
I shall now proceed particularly. to describe that modification, differing least
from that herein-before referred to, as described in the Specification of my
Patent No. 505, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-five. Sheet 7 represents this modification, the main peculiarities of
which consists (as before stated) in the trough being moved at one end only,
and in dispensing with the trough or guide employed to bend tlie wire towards

page_text: the widest part of the shed. Fig. 23 is a front elevation; Fig. 24 is a plan
view; Fig. 25 is, an elevation looking at the outside end of the wire motion,
shewing the cam for actuating the trough and other parts. The trough,
slide, and part connected with the inserting instrument and the slide path
are represented in section. Fig. 26 represents an end elevation of the guide
box part of the wire motion, looking from. the selvage of the fabric. bis a
beam, fixed by brackets to the framing of the loom. Upon the upper part
of this beam the slide path c is formed, upon which the slide e reciprocates,
which is of the same construction as those berein-before referred to, except
that the rope is attached to it in a different manner. In this modification
the ends of the rope are secured to a pin (e) in the slide e; one part of
the rope passes over one guide pulley at one end, and the other over the
other pulley at the other end of the slide path (c), and then to the grooved
pulley having reciprocating rotations. It may be here explained that the
ends of the rope, after going round or partly round the grooved pulley, each
pass through a hole in its rim, and then the end of each rope is attached
to a pin or short shaft. These pins or short shafts are arranged in bearings
in the arms of the grooved pulley, and have each a small ratchet wheel,
provided with a pawl, to prevent it from turning back, these arrangements
being for the purpose of tightening each end of the rope when required. The
trough a is jointed or moves on a centre on the beam 6 at a 8, and is
supported on brackets 68, attached to the beam b. The trough a is drawn
in full line in its position when a wire is being withdrawn from the fabric
into it; when inserting a wire it is in the position shewn in dotted line. The
movements of the trough a are obtained from a double action cam a, on the
tappet shaft e, which acts upon an antifriction bowl on a stud fixed in a lever
', having its fulcrum on a stud a³, fixed in the framing of the loom. The
upper end of the lever a is jointed with a link a³, which is also jointed with
an.arm a, fixed on the end of a shaft a', having bearings in brackets fixed
to the beam b. An arm a*, fixed on the shaft a¹, is connected with a round
pin held by a bracket secured on the underside of the trough a (seen in Fig. 28
and in dotted line, Fig. 23). Itw ill be understood by reference to the Draw
ings that a box or part 6 2 is fixed on a bracket within a short distance from
the selvage () of the fabric; this part keeps the heads of the wires in their
correct position when inserted in the fabric. The lines fo represent the wires
supposed to be in the fabric; by reference to Fig. 26 it will be seen that the
part 2, forming a guide for the wires, is slotted between the points marked 1
and 3. The wires when woven into the fabric occupy the space between the
point 2 and 3. The wire opposite the point marked 2 is the last wire
.

page_text: of a
A
supposed to have been inserted, which is opposite the fell of the fabric, and
the wire opposite the point marked 3 is the wire next to be withdrawn from
the fabric. It will be understood from the explanation that when the wire
begins to be pushed from the trough, it is directed towards the widest part of
the shed, and as the wire passes through the shed the trough a is gradually
brought towards the fell of the fabric, where it has arrived by the time the
point of the wire is completely through the shed, at which moment the head
of the wire only remains in the groove a, which is then pushed into the recess
or box (2), taking the place of the wire previously inserted in the fabric.
hole is bored in the end of the beam into which fits a pin forming the axis
finger, which keeps down the wires that are inserted in the fabric.
This arrangement is made so that the wires may be readily removed and
replaced in the box or recess, the finger (h) being kept down by a pin h*
placed in a hole drilled through the beam band the part forming the axis of
the finger . The wires are drawn out by a finger k fixed on a stud k¹
secured on the slide e.. This finger k is pressed down by an elastic india-
rubber band (4), which is passed round a pin in the finger k and the projection
from the slide c. The boss of this finger (k) has a projection (2) from it; this
projection comes against an incline fixed upon the beam b, which causes the
finger to lift out of the trough a when it arrives at that end of its movement.
A pin fixed on the slide e, against which the projection & comes, prevents the
elastic india-rubber band k from pulling the finger k too far down. This
finger () acts in the same manner as that described in the Specification of
my Patent, No. 505, A.D. 1855. The instrument (e¹) for pushing the wire
out of the groove (a) always remains-in it. One part of this instrument (e¹)
forms a cover for the groove (a) to keep the head of the wire down in the
groove. Another part of this instrument e¹ fits into the groove, and it forms
the part pushing against the head of the wire. In the top part of (e¹), forming
the cover to the groove (a), a round projection is made, which fits so. as to
O swivel in a hole formed in a part e, which has two edges that grasp the pro-
jection (e) from the slide e. This arrangement allows the part e³ to slide on
the projection e³, which thus propels the pusher (e¹) in whatever position the
trough may be. The cam x is so shaped and arranged that it holds the
trough (a) in that position in which it is shewn in the Drawing during the
5 time the wire is being withdrawn from the shed, and when the slide has
arrived at the end of its movement the finger k will have been lifted out of
the groove, then the action of the cam a will cause the trough (a) to move
into the position shewn in dotted line, and to remain in this position till the
point of the wire has passed, say half way through the shed, when it will

page_text: gradually move the trough till it gets opposite the fell of the fabric (2), the
point of the wire being then through the shed. It stands here till the head
of the wire is delivered from the trough into the recess, as before explained;
then the cam causes the trough (a) to move to the point (3) for withdrawing
the wire; these movements being repeated for each wire. For fabrics of the
common width of carpets there is no trouble with the rope (64), by which the
slide (e) is actuated, but for fabrics of double or more than double the width
of common carpet fabric the rope (4) requires to be so much lengthened that
a slight recoil takes place at the end of each reciprocation of the slide (e) from
the increased elasticity due to the increased length of the rope. This recoil
of the slide is objectionable, more especially in the grooved cylinder wire
motions herein-before referred to, as the slide e is required to stand in an exact
position, particularly at the end of the back reciprocation, when the cylinder
turns to bring forward another wire. A remedy for this objection is shewn
applied to the wire motion just described, which may be readily added to the
groove cylindrical wire motions from, the following description:-Two hooked
levers t are employed, which have their fulcrums on the studs t¹ forming the
axis of the guide pulleys c¹. The vertical arms of these hook levers t are
connected together by a rod t and to the end of a lever t³, the rods t being
provided with screw adjustments for regulating the length between the vertical
arms of the levers t and the lever t³. This levert is loose on a shaft t', having
suitable bearings in brackets attached to the framing; but though the lever t³
is loose, it comes between projections from an arm to fixed on the shaft t. A
spring (t) is fixed on each side of the boss of the fixed lever (t), which springs
press against the loose lever (t³) one on each side of it. On the end of the
shaft tan arm t' is fixed, having on its end a stud upon which an antifriction
bowl is placed, that is acted upon by a double action cam (8) on the tappet
shaft. The manner in which these arrangements act is as follows:-When
the slide (e) arrives at one end of its reciprocation, the latch end of the lever
at that end has passed over a pin e* placed in the slide (e); this prevents recoil.
The cam tacts alternately to unlatch the levers t by lifting them above the
pin e'. Suppose the right-hand latch has hold of the pin (e) in the slide, then
when the slide (e) is to be liberated the cam is shaped to move the
lever to the left, the projection upon it carrying the loose lever ts with it,
consequently lifting the latch; the action of the cam then begins to move the
lever t³ in the opposite direction twards the right, becoming motionless in the
position shewn in the Drawing; the spring (6) on the right causing the left-
band latch to be depressed till the pin on the slide passes under the latch, as
the spring on the right will give way to allow this; then the cam again moves

page_text: to to the right to unlatch the lever, and then moves back to the left and stands
to allow of the same operations for the opposite latch, these being repeated for
each reciprocation of the slide.
I shall now proceed to describe the Drawings, shewing the second modi-
fication which has been herein-before referred to and described under this
division of my Invention. Figs. 27, 28, and 29, Sheet 8, are views corre-
sponding respectively to Figs. 23, 24, and 25, Sheet 7. The slide path and
slide are similarly arranged and constructed to those shown on Sheet 7. The
arrangements for holding and receiving the heads of the wire when woven in
the fabric are also similar. The manner of inserting the wire into the shed is
also the same as that described in reference to the modification shewn by
Shect 7, except that the trough, as a guide, is dispersed with. Another slide
is fitted on a projecting part (13) from, the slide e, and this slide carries the
instrument that takes hold of the heads of the wires. Two views of the slide
and instrument carried by it are shewn detached, full size, by Fig. 30 and 31,
respectively. a front and side view; e is the slide part; w, the hook, made
about the thickness of the heads of the wires; this hook has a hoop w¹ fitted
to slide upon it. This hoop is made to slide to one end of the hook when free
by a spring, which may be an elastic band of india-rubber (w²), passed round
a projection from the hook, and one from the hoop. The hoop is drawn in
full line, as when slided back, and it is represented in dotted line in that
position in which the spring will bring it when free. It will be clear that the
head of the wire cannot leave the hook as long as the hoop is in the position
shewn in dotted line. The slide piece e, as before stated, is fitted so as to
slide on the projection e³ from the slide e. An antifriction bowl w³ is fixed on
the slide piece, which works in the path wi formed by a part fixed on the
beam, on which the main slide path is formed. The path has a moveable
tongue-piece w having its centre at w; this piece is kept in the position in
which it is shewn when free by a spring tail part w. The mode of action is
as follows:-Suppose the hook w has just begun to withdraw a wire by the
back movement of the slide during the, time of withdrawing the wire, the
slide piece (e) stands in such position on the projecting part as keeps the
hook in the line of the wire. The bowl (w) on the slide piece. (²) is on
the inner side of the tongue piece (w³), which is forced on one side by the
bowl as the main slide passes outwards, till the bowl (w) arrives at the end
of the, tongue piece (205) when it is free, and is brought in the position in
which it is shewn by the force of the spring (w). On the return move-
ment of the main slide, the bowl (20³) comes against the other side of
the tongue piece (w), but as it is immoveable it pushes the slide pieco

page_text: (e³) outwards; a flange formed at w³ acting on the bow! (w). to bring the
slide piece (e) inwards again during the latter part of the movement of
the slide to insert the wire. When the end of the wire has been drawn from
the fabric, and clear of the heads of the wires held by the box, it is received into
a notch or groove formed in a lever y, which is acted upon by a cam x on
the tappet shaft v. The notch in the end of the lever is on a level with the
slot in the box through which the wire is passed when inserted in the shed.
The action of the cam a causes the lever y, to bring the end of the wire to
point opposite the widest part of the shed, and then bring it towards the fell of
the fabric. When the point of the wire is through the shed, the hook is then
just opposite the space in the box which the head of the wire is to occupy, and
at this moment a projection (x) on the hoop (w) surrounding the hook, comes
against a stop (the flange (w³); the front part of the hook then enters and passes
through the space which the head of the wire is to occupy, and pushes it along
till it comes in a line with the heads of the other wires already in the fabric,
and as the book then spans the heads of the wires (as shewn in Fig. 30), it can
be moved from the wire inserted to that to be withdrawn, which is done by a
part (y) from the lever y, which comes against a projection (x) on the slide
piece (e) by the action of the cam a, which thus moves the slide into the
position to withdraw the wire, the notch in the lever being also by this move-
ment placed in the position to receive the point of the wire when fully with-
drawn. During the time the hook is being moved from the wire inserted to
that to be withdrawn, the hoop is kept back by the stop piece, and it remains
stationary during the movement of the hook, when it begins to withdraw the
wire, till the hook and head of the wire have slided into it.
Fourthly, my Invention relates to improved arrangements for picking the
shuttle in looms for weaving, and it consists in obtaining the movement for
this
purpose from cams or bowls on the crank shaft, which act upon bowls or
arms on the picking shafts, which are arranged so as to be brought in and out
gear with the cams or bowls on the crank shaft. The arms on the picking
shafts are slided upon them, so as to be brought in and out of gear, that they
may be acted upon when required by cams or tappets. This part of my
Invention also consists in employing the star wheel or intermittent motion for
'giving motion to the picking tappet shaft. This part of my Invention is
illustrated on Sheets 4 and 6. Fig. 32 and 33. (Sheet 6) are respectively
front and side views. A, framing; a, crank shaft; a', disc fixed on crank
shaft; it has a projection (a) on one side, which strikes against a bowl b in an
arm, loose longitudinally on the picking shaft 63, which is placed parallel to
the sile frames;c is the tappet shaft, having a cam c' fixed upon it. This

page_text: cam acts upon a bowl in a lever c², having its fulcrum loose on a shaft c³; the
end of this lever c takes into a groove formed in the boss of the arm b₁;.by
this means the arm is slided on the picking shaft (2) so as to bring the bowl (b)
carried by it in and out of the way of the cam or piece (a2) on. the
disc (a¹).
A duplicate of the mechanism described is required for each pick.
In the looms constructed according to my Invention for weaving pile fabrics
the shaft, called the tappet shaft (c) is in two parts, though in the same line,
and working in the same bearing at the middle; one end of it, therefore, is
only the tappet shaft, strictly speaking, as the other end is rotated at a different
speed, consequently the motion for sliding the arm on the picking shaft at one
side has to be conveyed from its cam by a shaft.c³, as shewn in Fig. 32,
cx being the cam, acting on a bowl in the end of a lever cx, fast on the shaft
c, having a lever c, the end of which takes into the groove formed in the
boss of the arm on the picking shaft. Fig. 34 and 35, a side and edge view,
shew the application of the star wheel motion for picking. The star wheel
has as many divisions as picks are required, to the round, it may be placed on
a shaft d passing across the loom; the pin plate e being fixed on the crank
shaft. Bowls (f) to act upon the wings. (b) fixed on the picking shaft (63)
may be placed in discs fixed on the shaft d, or in the face of the star wheel, as
shewn. The bowls (f¹) are omitted in those divisions where a pick is not
required.
The pin plate e is arranged to act upon the star wheel (f) at the time when
the pick is required, so that the bowl which is to give the pick has a quick
motion, and thus produces an effective pick.
Having now particularly described my improvements, and the manner in
which the same are carried into effect, I now declare that I claim as my
Invention in looms for weaving pile, fabrics,-
Firstly, the combination of two wire motions together in one loom, one
being on each side, substantially in the manner described under the first
division of this Specification, the wire motions employed being of the character
of those therein referred to.
Secondly, I claim the arrangements for cutting open the loops in looms
having wire motions on each side, substantially as described under the first
division of this Specification.
Thirdly, I claim the system or method of making a clear shed for. the wire.
by introducing a rod into the shed, and causing it to be beaten up by the reed
previous to beating up each wire, as described under the second division of this
Specification..

page_text: Fourthly, I claim the system or method of forming a double "shed," one for
the "clearing rod" and another for the shuttle to pass through, as described
under the second division of this Specification..
Fifthly, I claim the system or method by which each wire is entered into
the hollow of the "clearing rod," which thus forms a guide for the wire
through the shed, as described under the second division of this Specification.
Sixthly, I claim the system of introducing into the shed a wire and rod,
which supports or carries the wire when this rod is beat up by the reed previous
to its being withdrawn from the shed in which it leaves the wire, as described
under the second division of this Specification.
Seventhly, I claim, as applied to power looms for weaving pile fabrics,
arrangements for pinching or holding the pile threads, where the shed is
formed by jacquard mechanism, and each thread is on a separate bobbin for
the purpose and in the manner described under the second division of this
Specification.
Eighthly, I claim the improved wire motion, having the trough moveable at
one end only, substantially as described under the third division of this Speci-
fication, and as shewn in the Drawings by Figs. 23 to 26.
Ninthly, I claim the system or method of latching the slide used for insert-
ing or withdrawing wires at one end or at both ends of its reciprocations, as
described under the third division of this Specification.
·
Tenthly, I claim the improved wire motion substantially as described under
the third division of this Specification, and shewn by Figs. 27 to 31.
Eleventhly, I claim the instrument formed by combining a hook and hoop,
described under the third division of this Specification, and shewn by Figs. 30
and 31 of the Drawings, and its peculiar mode of action for operating pile
wires, without confining myself to the arrangements for or manner of imparting
motion to it for inserting and withdrawing the wires.
Twelfthly and lastly, I claim, as applicable to power looms for weaving pile
and other fabrics, the combinations or arrangements of mechanism for picking
the shuttle, as described under the fourth division of this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weild, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
W. WEILD. (L.S.)

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS, PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING OTHER FABRICS,"
bearing date the 29th day of January 1857, and which said Letters
Patent and all interest therein have been duly assigned to and are
now vested in John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Sir Francis
Crossley, Bart., all of Halifax, in the County of York, Carpet.
Manufacturers.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley,' and Sir Francis
Crossley, as such assignees as aforesaid, pursuant to the Statutes in that
case made and provided..
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification to the said Letters Patent,
we have been advised that some parts of the said Invention (including 'the
part thereof applicable to looms for weaving other than pile fabrics) possess
so small an amount of utility as to make it desirable to disclaim those parts
of the said Specification and so much of the title of the said Invention as
relate thereto, rather than incur the risk of failing to sustain the validity of.

page_text: the said Letters Patent in a court of law by reason of such parts being com-
prised in the said Letters Patent, we for this reason wish to disclaim, and we do
hereby disclaim, that part of the title which consists in the words "Part of
"which Improvements are applicable to Looms for Weaving other Fabrics;"
also the first, second, and fourth parts of the said Specification, including the
claiming clauses relating thereto; and also so much of the said Specification
as commences with the words following: "For fabrics of the common width
"of carpets there is no trouble with the rope" (page 14, line 5 of the printed
copy of the said Specification), and ends with the words "each reciprocation of
"the slide" (page 15, line 3 of the printed copy of the said Specification),
together with the ninth claiming clause, and all parts of the said Specification
relating thereto.
And whereas it has been objected that the Patent is not valid by reason of
a claim being made to a trough moveable at one end only, independent of and
apart from whole wire motion in which such trough is used, and we have
been advised that looking at the form of the Specification, together with the
fact of the previous publication and use of the mechanism described in the
Specification of the Patent granted to George Collier, bearing date the 22nd
day of May 1855 (No. 1153), a court of law would probably sustain such
objection, we for this reason wish to disclaim, and we do hereby disclaim,
all parts of the said Specification which indicate or suggest a claim to the use
of the moveable trough, and to the mechanism which transmits motion
thereto, and with this object we alter the said Specification as to the third part
thereof by striking out the following words, viz., "differs from it principally in
giving," from the paragraph commencing with the words "one of my proposed
" modifications" (page 11, line 17 of the printed copy of the said Specification).
And we further alter this paragraph by inserting the word In before the
word "one," also the words is given after the word "motion ;" and also the
words to which no claim is made after the word "trough," in order that
the paragraph of the said: Specification may then read as follows, viz. :-In
one of my proposed modifications of this wire motion, motion is given only to one
end of the trough, to which apart from the combination hereafter described
no claim is made. We also strike out the words, "the main peculiarities of
"which consist (as before stated) in the trough being moved at one end' only,
"and in dispensing with the trough or guide employed to bend the wire
*towards the widest part of the shed" (page 11, lines 37, 38, and 39,
and page 12, line 1 of the printed copy of the said Specification). And
with the same object we further-alter-the-said-Specification-by-inserting-after-the

page_text: I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named John Crossley,
Joseph Crossley, and Sir Francis Crossley, Baronet, to file in the Great Seal
Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates, the above-
written Amended Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.