matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FIRE STOVE AND GRATE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bligh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 18783.
I, SAMUEL BLIGH, of Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FIRE STOVE AND GRATE," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to simple and effective improvements in fire
stoves and grates for use either in dwelling houses, churches, offices,
shops, or in other buildings or places; a principal object attained by
the application and use of this Invention being great saving in coal or
fuel, and a better consumption of the smoke.
The Invention consists essentially in so constructing and applying
a grate in the stove or fire-place that the grate is made to revolve instead
of being fixed, as at present, and is thus rendered reversible, so that the
dead coals or fuel put or filled in at the top of the grate can be conveyed
to the bottom by simply turning (or reversing) the entire grate.
In consequence of the smoke from the coals or fuel at the bottom of
the grate ascending through the live coal or fuel above, much smoke

page_text: will be consumed, and the consumption of fuel will be considerably
lessened by reason of the fuel being conveyed to the bottom of the grate
whenever more coal or fuel is required.
The grate will be made by preference of three (or more) plain sides
of cast iron or metal with bars in front. At the top and bottom of 8
the grate there will bo hinged or otherwise attached a metal grating
which can be raised or moved to admit the required supply of coal or
fuel.
The entire grato is mado to revolve from its centre on a pivot or pivots
or other similar contrivance, so that it can be turned round with 1
perfect ease, either by means of a knob or handle, or other convenient
appliance.
In applying this Invention to a register stove it would be constructed.
and arranged in the following manner:-The front of the register would
be made of the ordinary form or shape, and varying in pattern or design. 1
At the back of the register front an inner caso of iron or metal is to bo
fixed in which the fire grato will revolve, having a circular guido or
groove to keep the hinged gratings in their places while the grate is
being reversed.
When the grate is to be used in a close stove for a church, office, 2
shop, or other building, the revolving grate will only require tho outer
casing of the stove as a bearing for the pivots on which to rovolvo.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSER CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Squire Roberts and Stephen
Berry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th December 1873.
We, SQUIRE ROBERTS, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Card
Manufacturer, and STEPHEN BERRY, of the same Place, Commercial
Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSER CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to means of dividing the sliver
or film of wood or fibres under operation into strips as taken from the
doffer cylinder, which has hitherto been effected by means of rings of
metal or other suitable substance inserted into the "doffer," or by
stationary dividing blades; and our improvements consist in the employ-
ment of either an endless band or knife passing over a series of pulleys
suitably arranged for the purpose, or by a series of revolving knives
placed at suitable distances apart, which knives may either be plain or
serrated on the edge thereof.

page_text: The second part of our Invention relates to the "rubbers
"
of con-
densers, and our improvements consist in constructing them of strips or
lags of wood or metal mounted on leather or other flexible substance, so
as to form an endless sheet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1873.
I, WILLIAM DAVIES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HINGES," to be as follows:-
1
My Invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing hinges
of the kind ordinarily known as butt hinges, which consist of pieces of
brass or other metal sufficiently flexible, of suitable size and shape,
stamped or otherwise cut out of sheets of such metal, and then bent over
so as to form the hinges; and it has for its object the manufacture of
such pieces of metal of a novel shape, and the fastening them (after they
have been bent over) in a novel method, so that the finished hinges are
lighter, cheaper, and more durable than such hinges made in the
methods ordinarily used and practised. For this purpose I make the
pieces of metal, each of which is to form one half of a hinge, consist
each of a plate of any suitable shape, but preferably rectangular, in

page_text: a, a¹, are the plates on which the projections 6, b¹, and c, c¹, are formed
as described. d, d', are holes punched in the plates into which the
ends c, c², fit when the projections b, b', are bent over, as shewn in
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd July 1873.-A communication from abroad by Thomas
Crossley, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CARPETS AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS," a communication, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new fabric for use in the manufacture of
printed carpets, and also applicable to printed rugs, crumb cloths, and
the like. It consists in using a foundation of coarse jute, cotton, linen,
or other non-feltable fabric, and then applying to one or both faces a
layer of wool or other feltable material, which is attached by felting,
so that the woollen material adhering to the base shall make a face of
wool or other equivalent material upon which figures and designs may
be printed in the ordinary mode of printing such articles.
AN IMPROVED TAP
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Frederick Blott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th September 1873.
I, ARTHUR FREDERICK BLOTT, of Bassingbourn, in the County of
Cambridge, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED TAP," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved tap which I purpose calling the
"invisible tap," and it is intended for use in barrels, casks, or vessels
containing beer, wine, spirit, water, or other liquid.
The tap consists mainly of a hollow plug perforated at its inner end
with holes and sharpened or pointed at its innermost extremity.
The plug is to be passed through a cork or bung in the head of the
barrel, cask, or vessel, and when any portion of the contents of the barrel
or vessel is required to be drawn off the plug is partly pulled out from the
barrel or vessel by a finger key, ring, or by a handle made capable of
ready adjustment, which will uncover an outlet hole in the plug
previously covered by the cork or bung encircling it, and will open a
communication from the interior of the cask to the outside, through

page_text: which communication the contents of the cask will flow. The plug
may then be pushed back and the key, ring, or adjustable handle
removed, or by the application of a spiral or other spring or other
suitable means it may be rendered self-acting in this movement.
When pushed back in the cask all that will be seen of the tap is a
small circular plate on the outer end of the plug, and which lies flush
with or close against the head of the barrel.
AN IMPROVEED BUILDING BLOCK
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
January 1873.
I, SAMUEL HUNT, of Wortley, Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEED
BUILDING BLOCK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of polygonal-shaped blocks having projections
and recesses upon and in four sides thereof.
The said blocks may be made solid or have one or more circular or
other shaped perforations; such perforations, when a number of blocks
are laid contiguous to each other, form or assist in forming flues; the
ends of each block, whether solid or perforated, have indents at each
end to receive dowels.
The blocks may be cast, moulded, or compressed by hand or machinery.
The materials I employ in forming such blocks are clay, concrete,
cement, iron dross, plaster, asphalte, artificial stone, or a mixture of
portions of such materials. Such blocks may be employed in con-
structing fire-proof buildings, and in walls, girders, floors, beams, joists,

page_text: columns, arches, self-supporting partitions, landings, &c., and for venti-
lating and warming rooms, the whole of which may be built of blocks
jointed with cement or mortar, or in conjunction with cast or wrought
iron mouldings or bars placed in the recesses formed in the blocks, or
bars or girders may be placed in such position as to be enclosed by the
blocks, and when required rods screwed at each end to receive nuts
may be passed through the perforations in the blocks for clamping the
blocks together. Other rods having screwed ends may be passed through
the blocks at right angles to the perforations, holes being left in the
blocks for that purpose during the casting, moulding, or compressing of
the blocks.
AN IMPROVED FINGER GUARD AND REST FOR PENS OR PENHOLDERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sandford Thomas Pomeroy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th October 1873.
I, SANDFORD THOMAS POMEROY, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FINGER GUARD AND REST FOR PENS OR PENHOLDERS," to be as
follows:
:
My said Invention relates to a simple contrivance which is readily
attached to any penholder, and when properly placed thereon will
prevent the soiling of the fingers with ink in writing; it will also form
a rest or support, whereby the pen when laid upon the table, desk, or
other surface is kept from rolling thereon, and the said device will
prevent the blotting or soiling of the paper if the pen is laid or dropped
on it when containing ink.
The said Invention consists in the peculiar formation and application
of a small plate of thin iron, brass, silver, or other metal, or of any
suitable material which has a central hole to fit tightly on the lower
part of the penholder. The said plate is formed with three, four, or

page_text: more rounded or blunt points, which project from the same far enough
to hold the pen point or nib well out of contact with the surface upon
which it is laid. These points also prevent the rolling of the pen upon
a sloping table or desk and ensure its remaining in the exact position in
which it is placed. And the said device will be very advantageous to
those who find it difficult to prevent the inking of their fingers in
writing as it interposes a shield or guard between the pen point or nib
and the fingers.
more rounded or blunt points, which project from the same far enough
to hold the pen point or nib well out of contact with the surface upon
which it is laid. These points also prevent the rolling of the pen upon
a sloping table or desk and ensure its remaining in the exact position in
which it is placed. And the said device will be very advantageous to
those who find it difficult to prevent the inking of their fingers in
writing as it interposes a shield or guard between the pen point or nib
and the fingers.
My Invention may be readily applied to any penholder, and may be
placed on the same and removed therefrom with the greatest facility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROLLING OF STEEL USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLADES FOR TABLE KNIVES, CARVING KNIVES, BREAD KNIVES, BUTCHERS' KNIVES, SPEAR KNIVES, SWORDS, MATCHETS, AND OTHER SUCH ARTICLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Nixon and Jabez
Winterbottom at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd March 1873.
We, JOSEPH NIXON and JABEZ WINTERBOTTOM, both of Pyramid
Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, Cutlery Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE ROLLING OF STEEL USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLADES FOR TABLE KNIVES,
CARVING KNIVES, BREAD KNIVES, BUTCHERS' KNIVES, SPEAR KNIVES, SWORDS,
MATCHETS, AND OTHER SUCH ARTICLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates more particularly to the rolling of steel
subsequently to be employed for cutting blades of table knives, carving
knives, bread knives, butchers' knives, spear knives, swords, matchets,
or articles of a similar nature, and is designed for the purpose of
enabling the production of such articles to be accomplished with facility
and dispatch, and which also in such production will materially
economize manual labour.
The improvements may be thus described :-The strings or rods of
steel designed for manufacturing into cutting blades are passed in a

page_text: heated state between a pair of rolls, the periphery of one or both having
a concave or obtuse angle formation, thus
The action of these rolls upon the strings or rods of steel passing between
them or between one of these said rolls and a plain cylindrical one would
be to give such steel rods or strings when having passed between them
a peculiar section having a channel or longitudinal depression along its
centre line, one or both sides being graduated from the two outside edges
to the centre line, in which state it is thinner in the middle than on its
two outside edges. The strings or rods of steel bearing this section are
now cut into lengths suitable for the blades they are intended to form, the
ends of which intended for the points of such blades being now reduced
or thinned by means of ordinary eccentric rolls, after which each length
is adapted for the after process of cutting out by means of the apparatus
ordinarily employed for that purpose, the action of which cuts in two
the section along the channel or longitudinal depression at its thinnest
part, such part being the portion when severed that subsequently forms
the cutting edges of the blades they are desired for.
The improved construction of rolls designed for producing the herein-
before mentioned section may be applied for producing such section
from rods or strings of steel, or after such rods or strings have been cut
into short and suitable lengths for the purpose desired.
By the employment of adjustible gauges conveniently placed near the
rolls the entrance of the steel between the same may be so arranged and
regulated in its course that one apparatus may be made adaptable for
blades of any width, which is an advantage of great importance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS HEATING APPARATUS FOR LABORATORY USE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fletcher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1873.
I, THOMAS FLETCHER, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS HEATING APPARATUS FOR LABORATORY USE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a gas heating appa-
ratus in a compact and simple form for laboratory use, and which shall
be capable of affording a wider range of heating power than has hitherto
been practicable with a single apparatus, and consists by preference of a
cast-iron stand with a solid bottom resting upon suitable feet, this stand
supports an iron cylindrical casing which is covered at the top with wire
guaze, above which is formed a tripod stand to support the vessel to be
heated.
The gas is supplied to this heating apparatus to a perforated ring
fixed at a suitable distance from the bottom, the pipe from which passes
through the cylindrical casing, or the ordinary blast tube may be used as
a burner by connecting it to the gas supply, and lighting a jet at its
nozzle.
1

page_text: The advantage which this heating apparatus possesses is the great
range of heating power which it is capable of producing. If a very low
temperature is required the single jet of gas supplied by the blast pipe
may be lighted, if a still higher temperature is required the perforated
ring may be lighted, if more heat still is needed the gas may be supplied
by the ring and be lighted above the guaze, when the air entering
through holes formed near the bottom of the cast-iron stand will mix
with the gas, and so produce a Bunsen flame, and if the highest possible
temperature is required the blast may also be turned on, and so by
increasing the air supply, the heating power of the flame will also be
increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AYRSHIRE BONNETS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1873.
I, WILLIAM RUSSELL, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Hosier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AYRSHIRE BONNETS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention which relates to improvements in the manufacture of
Ayrshire bonnets consists in making such bonnets by machinery with
what is commonly known as the polka stitch instead of with the
stocking frame stitch hitherto employed, by which means greater body
is given to such bonnets when milled and finished.
or
"
Now this Invention is performed by the use and application to the
purpose of the common stocking frame in combination with the "tug
"dandie " presser hitherto employed in the formation of the polka
stitch in what is known as polka stitch hosiery or "tug work." And for
the purpose of increasing the speed of manufacturing such caps I also
employ a hand carrier, or a swing or bottom carrier, with the above-
mentioned combination.

page_text: In carrying my Invention into practical effect I use a stocking frame
with fixed and not hinged needles, and commencing with the crown I
first form a few stitches, say, from four to nine, such stitches being
formed in the same manner as in ordinary machine made polka stitch
hosiery, but I increase the loops or stitches on each row according to the
shape of the crown, this being facilitated by the hand carrier or the
swing or bottom carrier until the outside of the crown is reached, when
I proceed with the same width to the lower selvedge. The side selvedges
are then sewed together, and afterwards milled, blocked, and finished in
the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Firth and George Augustus
Senior at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th December 1873.
We, JOHN FIRTH, of the Firm of Samuel Firth and Sons, of Halifax,
in the County of York, Brass Founders and Finishers, and GEORGE
AUGUSTUS SENIOR, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to valves for regulating the passage or flow of
steam, gas, water, or other liquids or fluids, and is applicable for sluice,
fire, blow off, ball, equilibrium, and safety valves, water guages, self-
closing valves, and a variety of other similar purposes.
Our improvements consist in mounting the valve or plug upon a
finger or lever fixed to a cross shaft or spindle passing through one side
of the body of the valve box or casing, and capable of partially rotating
so as to cause the lever to oscillate, and thereby move the valve.
On a
partial rotation being given to this spindle, either by hand, wheel, lever,
or other means in one direction, the valve or plug will be removed from

page_text: its stating sufficiently to afford a free or direct passage for steam, gas,
water, or other fluid to pass, and when turned in the other direction the
valve will close on its seat.
In order to secure perfect fitting of the spindle or render it steam,
gas, or fluid tight without stuffing box, the spindle passes through a
bush screwed into the body of the valve box, the end of which bush is
(by preference) formed conical to fit a recessed collar formed on the
spindle, so that the pressure of the steam or other fluid in the inside of
the valve box will act on the collar, and thus render the spindle perfectly
fluid tight in the bush.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TIPPING RAILWAY OR OTHER WAGONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Reichenbach at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
April 1873.
I, OSCAR REICHENBACH, of No. 3, Cromwell Crescent, South Ken-
sington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TIPPING RAILWAY
OR OTHER WAGONS," to be as follows:-
A weighted chain or cable fixed at one end is passed around a drum
fixed on a shaft, so as to allow a certain amount of deflection of the
chain or cable between the end fixed and the drum; from this chain or
cable is suspended a weight. The end of the chain which has been
passed around the drum is fastened to a cradle on which the wagon is
placed, and which is so supported that the centre of gravity of the
wagon falls outside of the line of support of the cradle and causes it
to tip. As the cradle rises the chain will be pulled up and its deflection
decreased, thereby causing a greater pull on the drum and cradle, which
fall is sufficient to cause the cradle to fall back after the wagon has
been emptied completely or partially.

page_text: The chief novelty of the Invention consists in the application of the
varying strain which is caused on a chain or cable by altering its
deflection, and which thereby acts like a gradually increasing or de-
creasing balance weight as the exigency of the case requires. To the
same shaft which carries the drum around which the chain or cable
is passed a break wheel with a pawl is attached in order to regulate
or to check entirely the motion of the cradle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Brent Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1873.
SAMUEL BRENT JONES, of 15, Clifton Villas, Maida Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Coal Factor, I do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:
-
The fixing at the bottom of each door of carriage a platform which on
the door opening presents a flooring the width of the door, and twice its
width in length, thus bridging over the space between carriage and
the station platform.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PREVENTING VESSELS FROM SINKING AND OF RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Charles Edington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th March 1878.
I, JAMES CHARLES EDINGTON, of Conservative Cottage, Truro Road,
Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PREVENTING
VESSELS FROM SINKING AND OF RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of air-tight bags or cases
rendered capable of inflation with air, and fitted to the beams or other
convenient and easily accessible parts of vessels, such bags or cases being
so arranged and placed that they will occupy little space when not
inflated, but when being supplied according to their capacity and to the
size of the vessels and they are inflated, they will render the said vessel
buoyant and prevent it from sinking.
Also in the application of such bags or cases to be taken down and
attached to sunken vessels, and the then inflating them with air or gas,
for the purposes of raising such vessels. The improvements as regards
preventing vessels from sinking may conveniently be performed by
making tho bags or cases of canvass with india-rubber, or they may be

page_text: mado of any material impervious to water or air, fashioned like the
bellows of an accordion, and they may be of any desired size or capacity
and fitted with one or more orifices to and over which are to be fitted
force pumps for forcing in air, and the bags or cases may be attached to
the beams of a vessel, or it is contemplated in some instances to make
the tables, settees, beds, and sometimes the floor and ceiling of vessels of
such bags or cases, their surfaces being arranged to answer the required
purpose of floor, ceiling, or furniture, and sometimes the bags or cases
may be applied round or partially round the bulwarks of a vessel, or they
may be applied where most convenient. As regards raising sunken:
vessels the bags or cases may be fashioned as above mentioned, taken
down by divers, or otherwiso attached to the sunken vessels. Over the
orifice for the reception of air, or gas, are fitted tubes sufficiently long
to reach above water, and through them the bags or cases are inflated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Peacock Savage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1873.
I, WILLIAM PEACOCK SAVAGE, of Wood Hall, Hilgay, Downham, in
the County of Norfolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in paving. For this
purpose I use stone or granite blocks such as are now in common use.
I lay them upon a bed of wooden planking resting upon concrete, and I
interpose between the stone blocks pieces of thin wooden board of a
depth less than that of the stone blocks, so that when the pavement is
laid there are channels between the stones to give a good foot hold for
the horses. These separating boards or some of them may be in lengths
of some feet, and may be fixed to the foundation boards, thus forming
troughs or half-boxes to receive the paving blocks. The paving blocks
in each square of pavement should be all of one size, and in laying the
may
pavement they should be forced tightly together so that each block
become firmly locked,

page_text: In place of blocks of stone, wooden paving blocks may be used and
laid in a similar manner. When this wooden pavement is worn flat I
renew the grooves by means of a cutting tool which removes the upper
surface of the separating boards, this is easily done, as these boards are
laid with the grain horizontal, whereas the blocks are laid with the grain
vertical
In place of blocks of stone, wooden paving blocks may be used and
laid in a similar manner. When this wooden pavement is worn flat I
renew the grooves by means of a cutting tool which removes the upper
surface of the separating boards, this is easily done, as these boards are
laid with the grain horizontal, whereas the blocks are laid with the grain
vertical
I prefer that the bed or foundation planks should be laid crossways of
the street, and that the length of the paving blocks should be in the
coony чопо, ар
Boards are
laid with the grain horizontal, whereas the blocks are laid with the grain
vertical
I prefer that the bed or foundation planks should be laid crossways of
the street, and that the length of the paving blocks should be in the
same direction. The wood should be well coated with tar.
I prefer that the bed or foundation planks should be laid crossways of
the street, and that the length of the paving blocks should be in the
same direction. The wood should be well coated with tar.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF IMPELLING OR WORKING RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Aytoun at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1878.
I, ROBERT AYTOUN, of the City of Edinburgh, North Britain, Writer
to the Signet, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF IMPELLING OR WORKING RAILWAY TRAINS," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of the present Invention is to dispense with locomotive
engines for the traction of railway carriages, and to employ in lieu
thereof the force of compressed air.
In carrying the Invention into practice, a tube or tubes is or are laid
along the entire length of each line of railway, and compressed air is
supplied thereinto by means of air compressing engines stationed at
intervals along the line. These air compressing engines may be of the
ordinary construction. The tubes are connected together so as to form
a common reservoir of compressed air for the use of one or both lines of
railway, and at intervals are attached branch tubes or cylinders with
pistons and piston rods for transferring or conveying the impelling power
to the carriages of the train. Each branch tube or cylinder is bent in a

page_text: forward direction, and is provided with a valve and rod, and the carriages
of the train are provided with studs projecting downwards, which studs
are capable of adjustment, and enable the conductor to lower them at
the proper moment when the carriage is in the position to permit one of
the studs to operate the valve rod for the purpose of opening the valve !
to admit the compressed air, which, forcing forward the piston, the latter
impinges against the other depending stud of the carriage, and thus
impells the train forwards. So soon as the whole train has been thus
impelled forward, the valve and piston regain their original position by
the action of springs to be in readiness for the next train.
When a train has to be put in motion from a state of rest the con-
ductor puts several of the leading carriages in communication with the
cylinders by lowering their respective studs. The first leading carriage
in passing the first cylinder opens the valve and receives an impulse from
its piston as do all the leading carriages in succession as they pass the
first cylinder, this being repeated when the train is passing succeeding
cylinders until the desired velocity of motion is obtained, after which the
communication of the leading carriage in each train with the cylinders
is sufficient to maintain the velocity acquired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOK RESTS FOR INVALIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lloyd Whitmarsh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th September 1873.
I, JOHN LLOYD WHITMARSH, of Clapton Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOK RESTS FOR INVALIDS," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to an apparatus whereby a book or paper may
be supported in any desired position over or upon a bed or table, so that
a person using the said apparatus may assume any posture or attitude,
and adjust or adapt the book or paper to the same, and may thereby
read for any length of time without the fatigue and other inconvenience
arising from the straining of the arms and hands occasioned by holding
the book, particularly when it has to be held in an elevated position.
My improved book rest is preferably constructed of mahogany, walnut,
or other wood commonly used for household furniture. It has two
portions, one of which forms a stand and is designed to rest upon the
bed or table or upon the person using the apparatus; the other portion,
which forms a frame whereon the books or papers are placed, is swivelled

page_text: or pivoted to the said stand so that it may be adjusted to any required
angle. The said stand is provided with an adjustable cord or line,
whereby it is suspended from any suitable support, so that its weight, or
the greater portion thereof, will be borne by the said cord or line when
the apparatus stands upon the person using the same.
The said pivoted frame is made of convenient size to support the books
or papers. The pivot or swivel on which it turns is so fitted as to allow
the adjustment of the said frame to be readily effected, and also to retain
the frame securely in position when adjusted. The suspending cord or
line may be attached by a hook or other means to the ceiling of a room,
to the top of a bedstead, or to any other convenient support. The said
cord or line is passed around a small pulley on the stand, and its end is
provided with a plate or clip which slides on the said cord but binds
thereon sufficiently to support the stand in any position. Or any other
suitable device may be used for adjusting the length of the said cord.
When the rest is not being used it may be drawn and kept up to the
ceiling or top of the bed by means of the said cord.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING STEEL INGOTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alfred Cowper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1873.
I, EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of No. 6, Great George Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING STEEL
INGOTS," to be as follows:-
In the construction of cast-iron moulds for casting steel ingots it is
desirable that the internal surface should be very true and smooth
whether for parallel or taper ingots. In some cases such cast-iron ingot
moulds have been planed inside, but this mode of preparing them is
objectionable on account of its expense, and because the surface skin of
the casting being removed by the planing the ingot is more liable to
adhere to the mould and injure its surface.
Now my Invention relates to the preparing in an economical manner
of cast-iron moulds for casting steel ingots, so that they shall have a
true, smooth, and strong face presented to the melted metal. For this
purpose I cast the ingot moulds on chills, in which case I prefer to

page_text: make them in halves or in segments fitted together, as such parts can be
more readily cast on and removed from the chill moulds. Or I cast the
ingot moulds either whole or in parts on carefully prepared smooth and
dry sand or loam moulds, and in order to render the surfaces of the
moulds smooth and true I grind them when necessary cither by
revolving grindstones or emery or other known scouring or grinding
wheels mounted on a bar which is caused to reciprocate rectilineally
through or along the moulds. Or instead of employing revolving
grindstones or wheels, I fix on the bar pieces of grindstone or other
suitable grinding material, and cause them to reciprocate rectilineally
through or along the moulds. In this manner a number of moulds or
parts of moulds being placed in a line can be ground at the same time
at moderate cost.
I also in some cases coat the interior of the ingot moulds with oxide
or flowers of zinc, as I have found that by means of such coating the
ingots will be prevented from adhering to the surfaces of the moulds and
will consequently deliver more freely therefrom. For this purpose I
either sublime the flowers of zinc on to the surfaces of the mould by
causing the fumes of burning zinc to enter the mould, or by temporarily
introducing incandescent zinc into the mould. Or I coat the surfaces of
the mould with a paint prepared of flowers of zinc or of other oxides or
carbonates of zinc, such as calomine ground fine.. I apply such .coating
not only to ingot moulds prepared as above described, but also to ingot
moulds prepared or constructed in any known manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE AND PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christoper James Little at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1873.
I, CHRISTOPHER JAMES LITTLE, of No. 11, Chichester Street,
Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE AND
PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar form of ordnance and projectile to
be used therewith, whereby increased penetrating powers are obtained
combined with lightness and economy.
The improved ordnance consists in the formation or construction, the
gun being manufactured, "cast or forged," in two halves laterally,
either in line with its major or minor axis for convenience of manufacture,
and bolted, strapped, or otherwise put together, tongue pieces being
inserted in suitable grooves to prevent the escape of gas from the
gunpowder or explosive compound, the centre line of the rear end of the
bore of the cannon for the explosive compound, termed the breach,

page_text: being either above or below the centre line of the chase of the cannon,
to cause rotation of the shot.
The projectile which is of a discoidal form, may be either solid, or
hollow shot for shell, has curved air recesses on its sides to maintain
and accelerate rotation.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY EACH PERSON IN ANY VEHICLE, THE DISTANCE PASSED OVER BY THE VEHICLE ITSELF, AND THE TIME OCCUPIED BY THE JOURNEY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bezer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July.
1873.
I, HENRY BEZER, of 19, Turner Road, Lee, Kent, do hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR
REGISTERING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY EACH PERSON IN ANY VEHICLE, THE
DISTANCE PASSED OVER BY THE VEHICLE ITSELF, AND THE TIME OCCUPIED BY THE
JOURNEY," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement and adaptation of
apparatus, whereby is recorded upon paper, revolved upon a drum or
dial by a suitable clockwork movement or other suitable means, the
weight of a passenger when entering a vehicle simultaneously with the
time and place of entry, and again upon alighting from the vehicle
simultaneously with the time and place of exit, and thereby forming a
diagram or register, whereby the distance travelled by each passenger,
the distance passed over by the vehicle itself, and the time occupied by
the journey, can be ascertained.

page_text: arrival at each station, the first mark representing the first station, and
so on. In this case the wheel action could be dispensed with.
Fourthly. I apply a clock which at each minute or each five minutes
of time deflects a fourth marker across the paper to a given distance, by
which is recorded the time occupied by the whole or any part of the
journey.
Fifthly. To produce an intelligible diagram and economize needless
travel of paper I mount upon one of the pinions of the clockwork
arrangement by which motion is conveyed to the paper a ratchet wheel,
into the teeth of which falls a lever displaceable by the deflection of
either of the markers. By this arrangement the paper only moves so
long as one or more of the markers remains deflected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th July 1873.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Côte, of
Paris, in the Republic of France, Major in the 2nd Regiment of the
Line.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincolns' Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication to me
from abroad by Pierre Côte, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Major
in the 2nd Regiment of the Line, to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination of rotatory discs,
toothed gearing, and gravitating weighted sliding bars for obtaining a
continuous power, and consists in the combination of two discs fast upon
a horizontal shaft, which is caused to rotate continuously by the
gravitation of weighted sliding bars disposed at various angles across the
diameters of the discs. These bars are each formed with a double rack
at one end which gears on both sides alternately with a half pinion or

page_text: spur pinion having teeth on one half of its circumference only. As each
bar tends to slide downwards along suitable guides in one of the disos, it
imparts rotatory motion to a pinion and spur wheel mounted loosely on
a stud in the opposite disc. This spur wheel gears into a central spur
wheel mounted loose upon the main shaft, and prevented from rotating
under the action of the before-mentioned spur wheel by a weighted lever
dad the
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-GRATES OF KITCHEN RANGES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Livermore Shorland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th November 1873.
I, GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firm of Shillito and
Shorland, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironmongers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE FIRE-GRATES OF KITCHEN RANGES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF
FIRE-GRATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the fire-grates of kitchen ranges, and to other
descriptions of fire-grate, and has for its object to render such grates
capable of being readily adjusted in depth in order to promote economy
in the consumption of fuel. To this end I form each bar to slide into
position in grooved cheeks or end pieces so that one or
be removed when the grate has to be reduced in depth.
more bars may
Each bar is formed with end projections which determine the
distances apart of the bars, the said projections sliding in the afore-

page_text: .
said grooved cheeks or end pieces when a bar is removed or placed in
position.
The upper bar may be provided with a hinged falling bar, arranged
in the usual or in a suitable manner.
Year: 1873

page_text: These proportions are variable, but the main feature is to use the coal
refuse and coal bases with one or more of these materials, so that when 1
they are once ignited by wood or ordinary fuel the combustion of the
gases give off intense heat and consume the several substances, the
moist mud, earth, or peat which are at present required to be dried.
•
In order to adapt the furnaces or fire-places for the combustion of
the before-mentioned substances it is necessary that the admission 1
of air or its constituents should be perfectly controlled or regulated, and
therefore the door or front of the furnace or fire-place and ash-pit should
be kept closed, there being only a certain number of holes for the
entrance of the air or its constituents and a damper in the flue or
chimney to vary the draught of air, some of the holes being stopped up 20
when required. The fire-bars should be loose with their ends in front
and a lid provided to prevent unnecessary admission of air, and the
ashes can be let down into the ash-pit by turning or agitating the ends
of the firc-bars.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN UNITING MILL BANDS AND STRAPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1873.
I, WILLIAM HENRY JONES, of Derby, in the County of Derby,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN UNITING MILL BANDS AND STRAPS," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
I employ a series of metal links independant of each other and
perforated at each end. These links are passed through the ends of the
band or strap to be united in such manner that the inside faces of the
band or strap come together, the links passing through the two
thicknesses of the material; thus the perforated ends of the links are
exposed one on each side of the joint and are arranged in a row at
intervals apart of varying number according to the width of the band or
strap. To secure the links in place I pass a rod or bar of metal in a
horizontal direction through the perforations of the links on each side of
the joint by means of which distrain upon the united portions of the
band is obviated and the whole connection is made fast. Or instead of

page_text: employing links formed as described I sometimes use links of strong
wire bent into a double eyed shape inserted through the ends of the
band or strap, and secured by the rods or bars passing through the series
of eyes on each side of the joint as before described.
By another arrangement I form of a continuous length of wire a 5
series of single loops or eyes which pass through the ends of the band or
strap and are secured by a rod or bar on the one side of the joint, the
horizontal portions of the continuous wire on the other side serving as a
bar or rod.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING FIRE ALARM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy Albert Blake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on thic
28th January 1873.
I, PERCY ALBERT BLAKE, of Highbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SELF-ACTING FIRE ALARM," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a self-acting fire alarm by means of which
the inmates of any house or building or persons in the neighborhood
thereof may be warned of an outbreak of fire before it has attained any
considerable magnitude.
According to my Invention a strand or cord of gun cotton or other
quick burning substance such as quick match is hung about the rooms
of the house or about the building in such manner that on a fire
breaking out the said cord or fuse will be quicky ignited and explode
one or more cartridges of gun cotton or other explosive (confined in a
suitable case if necessary) with a sufficiently loud report to alarm the
inmates and warn them of the danger.

page_text: If compressed gun cotton be employed it may be fired by means of a
detonating fuse (to which the cord of gun cotton or quick match is
attached), and therefore it need not be confined except for protection.
By the explosion of two or more detonating charges in succession two
or more signals may be given, the first to awaken the inmates and the
other or others to give warning of fire.
In applying the alarm to the different apartments of a house cords of
gun cotton or quick match would be hung around the several rooms and
communicate with one main cord or quick match in connection with the
maroon or other detonating device suitably disposed in or about the
building, the connection between the branch cords and the main cord
being made in such manner that although any one of the branch cords if
ignited will communicate with and ignito the main cord, the latter will
not ignite the cords in the other rooms. A suitable waterproof varnish
may be applied to the quick match or maroon to protect it against
dampness if necessary.
IMPROVED MEANS AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPLIANCES FOR CLEANSING METALLIC PLATES COVERED WITH TIN OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hely Llewellyn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1873.
I, WILLIAM HELY LLEWELLYN, of Court Colman, near Bridgend,
in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPLIANCES FOR
CLEANSING METALLIC PLATES COVERED WITH TIN OR OTHER METALS,” to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to remove the grease or oil from the
surface of the plate after undergoing the coating process, now usually
done by hand, and is as follows :—
The bran sharps or sawdust used for absorbing the grease is placed
in a suitable casing, in which is placed a series of rollers to convey the
plate through the said box or casing, two or more pairs driven at a
suitable speed through the absorbing material, and one or more pairs
revolving at a higher speed, and covered with felt or other soft material
for the purpose of cleansing. Outside the box are placed one or more
pairs of rollers or brushes revolving at a suitable speed for the purpose
of removing any of the absorbent material which may stick to them.