Improvements in or relating to Motor-vehicles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left. 31st July, 1896-Accepted 24th Oct. 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Motor-vehicles.
A communication from LA SOCIÉTÉ FRANÇAISE DES CYCLES GLADIATOR,
Paris, in the Republic of France.
1 ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to motor-vehicles, and is herein set forth in its application
to a tricycle by way of example but it is not limited to the particular application
exemplified.
The frame of the improved tricycle seen sideways follows very closely the form
of tricyclette-frames; it cannot be distorted, it is combined and put together in
such manner as to allow the various parts, motor and others, which are to be carried
by it, to be easily installed. For this purpose, it consists, in its lower part, as seen
in plan, of a triangular front part, in the centre of which is installed the motor,
and of which the front extremities serve to support the pivotted sockets of the
axles of the two front wheels by which the steering of the tricycle is effected with
the assistance of the crank-arms, connected, on the one hand with the said pivotted
sockets, and on the other hand, with jointed rods, attached by their other ends to each
side of the extremity of a crank carried on the lower end of a steering rod which
carries the steering-head at its upper end.
The motor preferably working by petroleum ignited by the electric spark which
ensures perfect safety, has its driving shaft arranged horizontally and carrying,
keyed on to it in suitable position, on the one side, the pinion for the trans-
mission of the motion, and, on the other side, driving with the aid of a suitable
train-gear, running at the desired speed, the contact-cam for the electric spark.
Among the particular arrangements, special to the motor of our self-propelling
tricycle, the following may be noted ;-
Its construction; two bottom casings or jackets serve to support the driving-
shaft while hermetically enclosing, and consequently perfectly protecting, the
motive organs, crank, and connecting-rod. The cylinder is formed with a flanged
bottom lodged in an annular groove corresponding thereto, cut in the suitably-
formed upper part of the two united casings or jackets.
The combination with the internal chamber formed by the union of the casings
or jackets and which is filled with the necessary lubricating oil, for the continuous
lubrication of the motive organs, of a non-return valve, ensures the automatic
expulsion of the air, necessarily compressed within the chamber, owing to the
rapid rotation attained by the piston; such compression might otherwise occasion
jets of oil to issue at times and cause serious inconvenience; the escape-valve is
so regulated that when the pressure in the chamber is about to attain that at
which such jets of oil may occur outside the automatic action of the valve reduces
the excess pressure and thus prevents the jets from issuing.
On the top of the upper chamber in which the motive explosions take place, a
cock is arranged allowing the blowing off of the counter-pressure on starting, the
cock, for the purpose of its operation, being connected by a rod to a handle
conveniently placed for the hand of the tricycle-rider.

page_text: With the body of the self-propelling tricycle, and with its motor provided with
special arrangements such as just described, there is a combination of a special
device for electric ignition or the production of the electric spark for igniting the
gases in the upper chamber, that is to say, producing the motive explosions.
The source of electricity is formed by two batteries symmetrically arranged in front
of the tricycle, and coupled in tension beneath them is carried an induction-coil
one of the holes of the primary current is connected to one end of the stout wire
of the induction coil and the other pole of the circuit is united to an insulated
terminal or binding-screw carrying a contact brush working in combination with
the cam of the motor.
The other end of the stout wire of the induction-coil is connected by a wire with
an interceptor or current-breaker mounted on the tricycle steering-head and
insulated therefrom.
The body itself of the tricycle, constituting the receptive mass for the current,
serves also as a conductor, and the circuit is closed when the interceptor or
current-breaker is pressed down into contact with the steering-head as often as the
boss of the cam comes in contact with a brush. The secondary circuit is constituted
by a wire joining one end of the fine wire of the induction coil to the mass
constituted here by the motor; the other extremity of the fine wire being
connected to the lighter arranged and insulated within the lighting chamber in
continuation of the explosion chamber of the motor.
From these arrangements it clearly results that, for the actuation of the motor
and therefore of the tricycle, the interceptor or current-breaker must be put into
contact with the steering head, so that, at each revolution of the cam, the circuit
is closed and produces the electric lighting spark in the chamber, between the inner
point of the lighter and the walls of the said chamber.
The stoppage of the motor and consequently of the tricycle will be brought
about simply and instantaneously by the suppression of the igniting-spark of
the lighter and of the contact of the interceptor or current-breaker with the
steering-head.
A pinion arranged as closely as possible to the longitudinal axis of the machine,
is fitted outside of that axis with a boss on the exterior of which the brake acts,
the latter being constituted simply by a rod which a spring tends always to push
upwards, both rod and spring being arranged and supported in a socket fixed on
the corresponding side of the frame.
The lower end of the rod arranged to act as a brake on the boss, is cut on a
bevel, in such manner as to produce continually augmenting pressure upon the
boss the upper end of the rod forms an enlarged head on which the rider acts
with the end of his foot, so as to produce brake-action by simply depressing
the rod.
The sides of the triangular part of the frame carry, in addition, symmetrically
arranged and fixed by collars, two foot-rests for use during the. propulsion of the
tricycle by the motor-for it may be well here to remark, that the tricycle may be
set in motion, either by the feet, or by the motor, or by both combined; for this
purpose, the machine is provided with pedal gear combined with a special device
for the transmission of motion, to be described later on.
The bottom bracket carries, mounted in the ordinary manner, the crank axle
with pedals; on the same side as the driving pinion of the motor are arranged,
turning loosely on the crank axle two toothed wheels of different diameter, but
joined so as to rotate together, the larger of the two being driven by the motor
pinion by means of a chain.
In connection with the smaller wheel, carried round by the rotation of the larger
wheel, to which as above mentioned it is fixed, another geared or toothed-wheel is
arranged upon the axle of the road wheel carried in rear of the tricycle-frame, and
being of a different diameter from that of the aforesaid smaller wheel, from which
it takes its movement by means of a chain.
The motor pinion and the chain wheels thus arranged, combined and connected

page_text: by the two chains, effect the transmission of the movement of the motor to the rear
road or driving wheel of the tricycle; their relations, both in point of diameters
and of teeth, are calculated in such manner as to obtain for the driving wheel the
desired speed, reduced in relation to that of the motor pinion.
In practice, we estimate that the mean speed of the motor being given, that of
the driving wheel should be one-sixth thereof, and this is the basis on which it
would be preferred to establish the relations of the train-gear transmitting the
movement.
To enable the tricycle to be driven by the pedal movement, we arrange on the
opposite side of the crank axle to that at which the other gear is situated a
toothed-wheel secured upon the said axle and which, by means of a chain, transmits
the movement of rotation to a wheel of smaller diameter, and of suitable size,
carried on the end of the axle of the driving wheel opposite to the other wheel
previously referred to as being mounted thereon.
The two wheels, one on the crank shaft, the other on the road-wheel axle, effect
the driving of the machine by the pedals.
As we have previously said this pedal-driving movement may be independent of
that of the motor, or combined therewith. For that purpose one of the wheels of
the foot-gear is constructed in a special manner i.e. in two parts, of which the one
carries the external teeth for gearing with the chain, while the other part secured
to the axle of the driving wheel rotates inside the first part, in which it forms an
engaging and disengaging device, constructed as it is, with a ring of ratchet-teeth
extensions in the hollow interstices between which are lodged balls, so that the
device constitutes a ball clutch.
This device, long known and employed in mechanics, realizes by its special
application to the self-propelling tricycle, a method of working absolutely unique
and characteristic, which is dwelt upon with great insistance, and in a very special
manner, because of its great importance; it will be understood that, in fact, the
motor being inoperative, the driving of the tricycle can be effected by the pedal
movement the toothed ring or crown of the gear wheel turning or rotating from
back to front, whence results the dropping and wedging up of the balls and the
consequent impulsion of the inuer part and therefore of the driving-axle upon
which this latter is secured; the intermediate wheels of the engine gear running
loosely on the axle, the driving of the tricycle will thus be realised by the pedal
movement without impulsion of the organs by the motor; if, on the contrary, the
propulsion of the machine is to be effected by the motor, assuming the transmission
of movement, as previously described, it is the axle of the driving wheel which
carries with it the inner part of the two-part clutch wheel in its rotary motion and
in the same direction as previously, from which will result the simple drop of the
balls without any wedging of the outer part, which, consequently, remains stationary
together with the entire pedal movement.
But when it is required to add the exertions of the limbs to the motor-
propulsion i.e. to combine the two, it will suffice, when the said motor is in action,
simply to work the pedals to set in motion the interior organs of the clutch-wheel,
which brings about the rotation of the axle of the driving-wheel, by the said
wheel simultaneously with the production of the same rotation, equally by the
gear wheel actuated by the motor.
For the purpose of suppressing or preventing the transmission to the gear wheel
on the road-wheel of the shocks produced by the repeated explosions upon the
piston or pistons which generate the motor-propulsion, this gear wheel is formed
in two parts, one carrying the external dentated ring for the transmission of rotary
movement, being carried in such manner as to be capable of circumferential
displacement in a groove formed in the ring of the other part which is secured by
fixed arms or spokes to the hub keyed on the road wheel axle; the dentated crown
or ring is also connected to the hub, but by spring-blades, whereof one end is
mortised into the hub, while the other end, traversing the crown or ring by

page_text: apertures of sufficient length to allow of the displacement of the said spring-blades,
is fixed in the said outer ring.
From this arrangement it results that, in the course of working, by the pull of
the chain, the outer ring being capable of circumferential displacement on the
inner ring, owing to the openings traversed by the spring-blades, the latter will
bend or give until they acquire sufficient rigidity to carry along with them the
inner ring and the hub to which they are fixed.
The tractive effort, being suddenly increased, at the moment of the explosion of
the gases, on the face or faces of the piston or pistons which generate the motive
power, the shock thereby created will expend itself thus only from the outer ring
and have no influence or effect whatever upon the inner ring or therefore on the
rear-wheel axle, owing to the movable circumferential connection between the two
rings by the spring blades, arms or spokes, the Fielding or bending of which, at
the moment of the shock, will be momentarily exaggerated, only to return to the
normal, on the restoration to the hub and therefore to the rear-wheel axle of the
excess of motive power generated by the explosion, and which they had momentarily
stored up for more even distribution.
The upper tube of the tubular frame of the self-propelling tricycle supports a
narrow longitudinal reservoir, whereof the lateral walls partake of the general
longitudinal direction of the machine, and wherein is contained the petroleum
necessary for working the motor, as well as the production of the carburetted air
for the same.
At the upper end of the reservoir is arranged at a certain distance from the top
a longitudinal partition, forming a compartment, open in front and closed behind;
above this partition is arranged another longitudinal partition parallel to the former,
and forming within the first compartment a second compartiment which is closed
in front and open behind.
The chief admission of air to the carburetting reservoir is arranged at the back
thereof, and this air, flowing longitudinally along the reservoir, is carburetted by
coming in contact with the vapours of the hydro-carbon-fluid, and with the fluid
itself, and arrives by conduits at the vapour-inlet to the motor; a throttle-valve
rotated from the exterior by a key allows of the due regulation of the passage of
carburetted air, and consequently of the working of the motor. A supplementary
air-bole arranged between the vapour-inlet and the throttle-valve, permits of the
due regulation of the intensity of carburation of the motive gas before its admission
from the supply pipe to the motor. Vertical partitions, equidistantly spaced in
the reservoir prevent excessive mobility in the hydro-carbon in the said reservoir;
moreover, the arrangement of longitudinal partitions, forming the two com-
partments before referred to, prevents any escape of the liquid hydro-carbon in
either direction, to the air-admission conduits or to those for gas-distribution,
whatever may be the longitudinal inclination of the tricycle either.forwards or
backwards.
As a modification in the regulating device there is the arrangement of a single
key, operating a single throttle valve which fulfils the same conditions of regulation
of the mixture delivered to the motor; in one position of the key the valve com-
pletely blocks the admission of air; and, according to the position of the said key
on a guiding and stopping disc, the section of the orifice will vary inversely as that
of the delivery pipe of carburetted air i.e. it will vary one opening so that the
section thereof increases as that of the other diminishes, and the reverse.
The carburetting reservoir, being thus constructed, is provided with a double
bottom combined with a silencing disc for deadening the noise of the escape-these
two parts being put, at will in communication with each other by a cock ;-the
latter part, to the front of which is connected the escapement pipe, is filled with
straw or shavings, fine iron or other similar material, and provided at its rear-end
with a grated bottom opening allowing of the noiseless escape of the gases or
vapours, when the cock is closed; but if on the contrary, this latter is open, the

page_text: said gases or vapours pass into the double bottom, which like the silencing disc is
filled with straw, shavings, fine iron or other material and before escaping by a
rear grated aperture of the said double bottom, heat the carburettor, thereby
facilitating the volatilisation of the carburetting liquid employed.
Dated 4th November 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
A communication from LA SOCIÉTÉ FRANÇAISE DES CYCLES GLADIATOR,
Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT formerly of 323 High Holborn, now of 111 Hatton
Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Chartered Patent Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to motor-vehicles, and is herein set forth in its application
to a tricycle by way of example; but it is not limited to the particular application
exemplified.
The self-propelling tricycle which is the subject of this application is hereinafter
described in the specification and illustrated, by way of example, in the annexed
drawing;
Figure 1 is a longitudinal or side elevation,
Figure 2 a plan,
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are detail views, supplementary to aud completing
Figures 1 and 2.
The frame of the improved tricycle, seen sideways, follows very closely the form
of tricyclette-frames; it cannot be distorted, it is combined and put together in
such manuer as to allow the various parts, notor and other, which are to be
carried by it, to be easily fitted. For this purpose, it consists, in its lower part,
as seen in plan, of a triangular front part A in the centre of which is installed the
motor B, and of which the frout extremities serve to support the pivotted
sockets C C of the axles D D of the two front-wheels E E by which the steering
of the tricycle is effected with the assistance of the crank-arms F F connected, on
the one haud, with the said pivotted sockets C C and on the other hand, with
jointed rods G G attached by their other ends to each side of the extremity of the
crank H carried on the lower end of the steering rod I which carries the steering-
head at its upper end.
The motor B, preferably worked by petroleum ignited by an electric spark,
which ensures perfect safety, has its driving shaft J arranged horizontally and
carrying, keyed on to it in suitable position, on the one side, the pinion for the
transmission of the motion, and, on the other side, driving with the aid of a
suitable train-gear, running at the desired speed, the contact-cam 10 for the electric
spark.
Among the particular arrangements, special to the motor of this self-propelling
tricycle, the following may be noted :-
Its construction whereby two bottom casings or jackets 11, 11, serve to support
the driving-shaft J, while hermetically enclosing, and consequently perfectly
protecting, the motor parts, crank and connecting-rod, and the method of securing
the cylinder 12 to those casings or jackets, clearly illustrated in Figure 1. On
examining the part of this figure comprising the motor, it will be seen that the
cylinder 12 is formed with a flanged bottom 13, engaging with an annular groove 14.

page_text: corresponding thereto, cut in the suitably-formed upper-part of the two united
casings or jackets 11, 11.
The combination, with the internal chamber 15, formed by the union of the
casings or jackets 11, 11, and which is filled with the necessary lubricating oil, for
the continuous lubrication of the motive parts, of a non-return valve 16, ensures
the automatic expulsion of the air, necessarily compressed within the chamber 15,
owing to the rapid movement attained by the piston; such compression might
otherwise occasion jets of oil to issue at times and cause serious inconvenience ;
the escape-valve 16 is so regulated that when the pressure in the chamber 15 is
about to attain that at which such jets of oil would be projected outwards, the
automatic action of the valve 16 reduces the excess pressure, and thus prevents the
jets from issuing.
On the top of the upper chamber 17 in which the explosions take place a cock 18
is arranged allowing the escape of the counter-pressure when starting, the cock 18
for the purpose of its operation, being connected by a rod 19 to a handle
conveniently placed near the hand of the rider.
With the body of this self-propelling tricycle, and with its motor provided with
the arrangements such as just described, is combined a special device for electric
ignition or the production of the electric spark for igniting the gases in the upper
chamber 17, that is to say producing the motive explosions.
This device is clearly illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 7. The source of electricity
is formed by two batteries 20, 20, symmetrically arranged in front of the tricycle,
and coupled together by the wire 21; beneath them is carried the induction-
coil 22; one of the poles of the primary battery is connected to one end of the
stont wire of the induction-coil by the wire 23, and the other pole of the said battery
is united by the wire 24, to an insulated terminal or binding-screw 25 carrying
a contact-brush 26 working in combination with the cam 10 of the motor.
The other end of the stout wire of the induction-coil is connected by a wire 27
with an intercepter or current-breaker 28 mounted on the tricycle steering-head
and insulated therefrom.
The body itself of the tricycle, serves also as a conductor, and the circuit is
closed when the intercepter or current-breaker is pressed down into contact with
the steering head as shown in Figure 7 as often as the boss of the cam 10 comes in
contact with the brush 26. The secondary circuit is constituted by a wire 29
joining one end of the fine wire of the induction coil 22 to the mass, constituted
here by the motor B; the other extremity of the fine wire being connected by a
wire 30 to the igniter 31 arranged and insulated within the ignition chamber 32 in
continuation of the explosion chamber 17 of the motor.
From these arrangements it will be clearly seen that, to put the motor and
therefore the tricycle in motion, the intercepter or current-breaker 28 must be
put into contact with the steering bead, as shown in Figure 7, so that, at each
revolution of the cam 10, the circuit is closed and produces the electric lighting
spark in the chamber 32, between the inner point of the igniter 31, and the walls
of the said chamber.
The stoppage of the motor and consequently of the tricycle will be brought
about simply by the suppression or discontinuance of the igniting-spark and of the
contact of the intercepter or current-breaker with the steering head.
The pinion J 1 arranged as closely as possible to the longitudinal axis of the
machine, is fitted, outside of that axis, with a boss K on the exterior of which
the brake acts, the latter being constituted simply by a rod K1 normally pressed
upwards by a spring K", both rod and spring being arranged and supported in a
socket L fixed on the corresponding side of the part A of the frame.
The lower end of the rod K' arranged to act as a brake on the boss K is cut
on a bevel, in such manner as to produce a continually augmenting pressure.
upon the boss K; the upper end of the rod K1 forms an enlarged head L1,
which the rider presses with his foot, so as to produce the brake-action by
simply depressing K 1..

page_text: The sides of the triangular part A of the frame carry, in addition, symmetrically
arranged and fixed by collars, two foot-rests I" L" for use during the propulsion
of the tricycle by the motor-for it may be well here to remark, that this.
tricycle may be set in motion, either by the feet, or by the motor, or by both
combined; for this purpose, the machine is provided with pedal gear combined
with a special device for the transmission of motion, to be described later on.
The bottom bracket carries, mounted in the ordinary manner, the axle M1 of
the cranks M with pedals M¹; on the same side as the driving pinion J 1 of the
motor B are arranged, turning loosely on the crank axle M 1, toothed wheels N N 1,
of different diameters, but joined so as to rotate together, N the larger of the two,
being driven by the motor pinion, by means of a chain N".
In connection with the wheel N 1 carried round by the rotation of the wheel N,
to which, as above mentioned it is fixed, another geared or toothed wheel O" is
arranged upon the axle of the road wheel O' carried in rear of the tricycle-
frame, and being of a different diameter from that of the wheel N 1 from which it
takes its movement by means of the chain O¹¹¹.
The motor pinion J1 and the chain wheels N N 1 O" thus arranged, combined
and connected by the chains N", O, thus effect the transmission of the movement
of the motor B to the rear road or driving-wheel O 1 of the tricycle; their relations,
both in point of diameters and of teeth, are calculated in such manner as to obtain
for the driving-wheel 01 the desired speed, reduced in relation to that of the
motor Bi.e., of the pinion J 1.
In practice, it is estimated that, the mean speed of the motor being given, that
of the driving-wheel should be one-sixth thereof, and this is the basis on which
it is preferred to establish the relations of the train gear transmitting the
movement.
To enable the tricycle to be driven by the pedal movement, on the opposite
side of the crank axle to that at which the other gear is situated a toothed
wheel P is arranged secured upon the said axle M₁ and which, by means of a
chain P transmits the movement of rotation to a wheel P of smaller diameter,
and of suitable size carried on the end of the axle O of the driving wheel O¹ opposite
to the wheel:0¹¹.
The two wheels P P effect the driving of the vehicle by the pedals.
As has been. previously said this pedal driving movement may be independent of
that of the motor or combined therewith. For that purpose the wheel P" is
constructed in a special manner represented in Figs. 2 and 6 ie. in two parts, of
which the one p carries the external teeth for gearing with the chain P1 while the
other part 9 secured to the axle O of the driving wheel 01 rotates inside the
wheel p in which it forms an engaging and disengaging device being constructed
with a ring of ratchet teeth extensions in the hollow interstices of which are
lodged balls r 2 thereby forming a ball clutch.
This device long known and employed in mechanics, realises, by its special
application to this self-propelling tricycle, a method of working absolutely unique
and characteristic which is dwelt upon with great insistance and in a very special
manner because of its great importance; it will be understood that the motor being
inoperative the driving of this tricycle can be effected by the pedal movement the
toothed ring or crown p of the gear wheel Pl turning or rotating from back to
front whence results the dropping and wedging up of the balls " and the consequent
rotation of the part q and therefore of the driving axle-O upon which the part q is
secured the wheels N N 1 of the engine gear running loosely on the axle M, the
driving of the tricycle will thus be obtained by the pedal-movement without the
assistance of the motor; if, on the contrary the propulsion of the machine is to be
effected by the motor assuming the transmission of movement as previously described
the rotation of the axle O of the driving wheel 01 which carries with it the part q
of the two-part clutch wheel P" in its rotary motion and in the same direction as
previously will cause the simple descent of the balls without any wedging of

page_text: the part p which consequently remains stationary together with the entire pedal
movement.
But when it is desired to add the exertions of the limbs to the motor
propulsion i.e. to combine the two, it will suffice when the said motor is in action
simply to work the pedals to set in motion the interior parts of the clutch wheel Pu
which will bring about the rotation of the axle O of the driving wheel 01 by the
said wheel P simultaneously with the production of the same rotation by the
wheel O actuated by the motor.
For the purpose of suppressing or preventing the transmission to the wheel O 11
on the road-wheel axle of the shocks produced by the repeated explosions in the
cylinder of the motor this wheel O 11 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is formed in two
parts S and S1 the former S carrying the external toothed ring for the transmission
of rotary motion being carried in such manner as to be capable of circumferential
displacement in a groove t formed in the ring of the part S 1 which is secured by
fixed arms or spokes t 1 to the hub t¹¹ keyed on the road-wheel axle O; the toothed
crown or ring S is also connected to the hub t by spring blades u whereof one end
is mortised into the hub t while the other end traversing the crown or ring S1 in
apertures u 1 of sufficient length to allow of the displacement of the said spring-
blades u is fixed to the said ring S 1.
From this arrangement it results that in the course of working, by the pull of
the chain, the outer ring S being capable of circumferential displacement on the
inner ring S1 owing to the openings u¹ traversed by the spring-blades u the latter
will bend or give until they acquire sufficient rigidity to carry along with them the
ring S1 to the bub t¹¹ of which they are fixed.
The traction effort suddenly increased at the moment of the explosion of the
gases on the face or faces of the piston or pistons which generate the motive power
and the shock thereby created will be thus expended only upon the outer ring S
and have no influence or effect whatever upon the inner ring S 1 or therefore on
the axle, O owing to the movable circumferential connection between the two
rings S and S 1 through the spring blades arms or spokes u the yielding or bending
of which, at the moment of the shock will be momentarily increased only to return
to the normal on the restoration to the hub t and therefore to the axle O of the
excess of motive-power generated by the explosion and which they had momentarily
stored up for more even distribution.
The upper tube of the tubular frame of this self-propelled tricycle supports a
narrow longitudinal reservoir a, whereof the lateral walls partake of the general
longitudinal direction of the machine, and wherein is contained the petroleum
necessary for working the motor, as well as for the production of the carburetted
air for the same. This reservoir is shown in partial longitudinal section in Figure 1,
and in cross section on the lines X Y, X¹ Y¹ in Figures 3 and 4.
At the upper part of reservoir a, is arranged, at a certain distance from the top
of the longitudinal partition b. forming a compartment c, open front and closed
behind; above this partition 6 is arranged another longitudinal partition d. parallel
to the former, and forming within the compartment ca second compartment e which
is closed in front and open behind.
The chief admission of air to the carburetting reservoir a is arranged at ftowards
the back of the reservoir, and this air, flowing longitudinally along the reservoir,
is carburetted by coming in contact with the vapours of the hydro-carbon-fluid, and
with latter itself, and, following the direction indicated by the arrows, arrives by
the conduits cand e at the vapour-inlet 9 to the motor B; a throttle-valve h
rotated from the exterior by a key or handle ¹ permits the desired regulation of
the passage of carburetted air, and consequently of the working of the motor.
supplementary air-hole i, arranged between the vapour-inlet g and the throttle
valve h, permits of the due regulation of the intensity of carburation of the gas
before its admission from the supply pipe g to the motor B. Vertical partitions,
equidistantly spaced in the reservoir a prevent excessive movement of the
A

page_text: hydro-carbon in the said reservoir; moreover, the arrangement of longitudinal
partitions b, d, forming the compartments c, e, prevents any escape of the liquid
hydro-carbon in either direction, to the air-admission conduits or to those for gas
distribution, whatever may be the longitudinal inclination of the tricycle either
forwards or backwards.
As modifications in the regulating parts h¹, i, an arrangement is shown in Figures &
and 9, in which, by means of a single key or part operating a single throttle
valve which fulfils the same conditions of regulation of the mixture delivered to
the motor; in the position of the key h11 shown in Figs. 8 and 9 the valve 1
completely blocks the air admission and according to the position of the said
key on a regulator disc 1 the opening of will vary inversely with that of
the delivery passage of carburetted air i.e. it will vary on opening so that the
séction thereof increases as that of the other diminishes and vice versa.
This carburetting reservoir a thus constructed is provided with a double bottom 33
combined with a silencing chamber 34 for deadening the noise of the exhaust-
these two parts 33 and 34 being put at will in communication with each other by a
cock 35-the latter part 34 to the front of which is connected the exhaust pipe 36.'
is filled with straw or shavings fine iron or other similar material and provided at
its rear end with a grated bottom opening 37 allowing of the noiseless escape of the
gases or vapours when the cock 35 is closed but if on the contrary this latter is
open the said gases or vapours pass into the double bottom 33 which like the
silencing chamber 34 is filled with straw, shavings, fine iron or other material and
before escaping by the rear grated aperture 38 of the said chamber 33 heats the
carburetter thereby facilitating the volatilization of the carburetting liquid
employed. O
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents I declare that what I claim is:
--
1. The construction and arrangement of the frame of a motor velocipede having
a triangular part serving as a support for the motor steering mechanism and
steering-wheels whereby an advantageous mounting and arrangement of the "various
parts and also an equable distribution of the load on the wheels is effected
substantially as described.
2. The method of steering by means of two pivotted wheels arranged in front of
the vehicle and connected by jointed levers and rods to the steering tube having at
its upper part a steering-head similar to those ordinarily used on bicycles, this
arrangement enabling variable inclinations to be given to the steering-wheels in
turning, thus preventing slipping and overturning on the road.
3. The arrangement and combination of a motor with two bottom casings serving
as a support for the motor-shaft and as a closed casing for the motor-mechanism,
crank and connecting-rod, the cylinder of the said motor having a flanged end fitting
in a corresponding annular groove in the upper part of the two united casings or
jackets and forming an internal chamber containing the lubricating-oil the cylinder
being provided with a valve for the automatic release of the compressed air, and
the upper explosion chamber of the motor being provided with a cock which can
be easily operated by the rider to effect the release of the back-pressure at the
moment of starting so as to facilitate starting of the vehicle.
4. The combination with the body of the vehicle and its motor of a special
electric igniting device for the production of the motive explosions, consisting of a
source of electricity formed by two batteries coupled in series and an induction-coil,
one of the poles of the battery being connected to one end of the thick wire of the
said coil, while the other pole of the battery is connected to an insulated terminal
or binding-screw having a contact-brush working in combination with a cam
operated by the motor, the other end of the thick wire of the coil being connected
to a circuit breaker mounted on the steering-head of the vehicle and insulated
therefrom, and the body itself of the vehicle forming a conductor for the electrio
B

page_text: current ; the second current being obtained by joining one of the ends of the fine:
wire of the induction-coil to the motor itself, the other end of the said fine wire
being connected to the igniter arranged and insulated in the ignition chamber of
the motor.
5. The application of a pedal-gear capable, by the mechanism described, of
working independently of the motor or in combination with the latter, this arrange-
ment enabling the propulsion of the vehicle to be effected separately either by the
motor or by the rider, or by a combination of the two; in order to obtain greater
power for ascending inclines, and the like.
6. The interposition in the transmission of movement by the motor, of an elastic
wheel taking up, on the axle of the driving-wheel, the shocks produced by the
explosions on the piston or pistons and storing up the energy produced by these
shocks in order to impart it afterwards to the axle of the driving-wheel and so
increase the driving-power or propulsion of the vehicle.
7. The brake arrangement consisting of a rod provided with an upwardly pushing
spring and adapted to be pressed by the foot of the rider in order to act by means
of its lower bevelled end on a boss with which the motor axle is provided.
8. The construction and use as described of a carburetting reservoir for hydro-
carbon fluid provided with air and gas admission conduits to the motor and also
with mechanism for regulating the admission of air and gas to the cylinder and
constituted in such a manner that the hydro-carbon fluid no matter what the
inclination of the vehicle may be, whether forwards or backwards, cannot flow out
into the admission and distribution parts before mentioned.
9. The arrangement of the admission at will, of waste gases from the motor into
a double-bottom of the carburettor, the said double-bottom, being filled with straw
or shavings or fine iron, receiving the said escaping gases and absorbing their heat
and transmitting this heat to the carburettor for the purpose of facilitating the
volatilization of the carburetting liquid used.
10. The combination and arrangement of parts of a motor vehicle substantially
as described and illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 31st day of July 1896.
BOULT & WADE.