Flow of Fluids in Refrigerating and Freezing Machines.
Year: 1885

page_text: Flow of Fluids in Refrigerating and Freezing Machines.
I FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY of N° 4 Clayton Square Liverpool in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AND REGULATING THE FLOW OF
FLUIDS IN REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING MACHINES " to be as follows
-
The invention relates more especially to machines in which a volatile liquid is
used and refrigeration effected by alternate vapourization and condensation
Hitherto when liquids having a very low boiling point such as ammonia and
sulphurous acid have been used there has been great difficulty in obtaining uniform
and regular action, owing to the want of proper apparatus for controlling and
regulating the flow of the liquids and vapours or gasos from one part of the
apparatus to another
My invention has for its object to provide fit apparatus of the above nature for
use more especially in ammonia absorbtion machines, but also applicable in part to
compression machines using any volatile liquid
Under the first part. Simple apparatus for opening and closing a way or
passage leading from a refrigerator to an absorber, and for preventing fluid from
travelling in a direction opposite to that required, consists essentially in the
combination of a taper plug having a passage leading from the side to one end
with a valve disposed so as to close the said end opening The taper plug fits
within a suitably shaped chamber and receives motion by means of a spindle which
by preference is at its sinall end The said spindle passes through a stuffing box
and the plug is kept to its seat by means of a thrust pin which enables adjustment
of the plug to be effected independently of the packing round the spindle Instead
of a plug a lift valve actuated by means of a spindle might be used, in this case
the check closes on a seat surrounding the said lifting valve
Under the second part Apparatus for controlling regulating and indicating the
amount of fluid flowing more especially from a boiler to an absorber, consists of a
taper valve fitting within a conical seat, a screwed spindle provided with
graduated operating wheel, and a stationary indicator The taper valve and
conical seat allow of the passage for fluid being gradually increased or diminished
[I'rce 8d]

page_text: and the combined graduated wheel and indicator show minutely the amount of
such variation in area and consequent increase or decrease in the flow of the
liquid
*Under the third part Apparatus for controlling the flow of liquid more
especially from a condenser to a refrigerator consists essentially of a hollow float
provided with a hollow rising stem open to the gaseous atmosphere within the
machine and to the interior of the float in combination with a lever balanced
valve or valves, and adjusting weight The float is contained within a suitably
shaped chamber and the rising stem is carried up within a cover to a sufficient
height to prevent any liquid from finding entrance thereto
A way for the
entrance of liquid into the chamber beneath the float is provided, and when two
valves are used, they are attached at opposite sides of the fulcrum of a lever, and
open on the reverse sides of a diaphragm closing the outlet way from the chamber.
Under the fourth part. Apparatus for regulating the flow of liquid or vapour
through one part of the machine by means of the flow of liquid through another,
consists essentially of a float constructed as above setforth contained in one
chamber arranged to actuate a single or double balanced valve in another chamber.
The said valve or valves is or are carried on a rocking shaft which passes from the
valve to the float chamber and the float is connected to the said 1ocking shaft by a
lever provided with a regulating weight
Under the fifth part Apparatus for controlling and regulating the flow of
fluid through one part of the machine by means of variations of pressure in another
part consists essentially of a flexible diaphragm, hollow flexible chamber cylinder
and piston or like apparatus in communication with the source of pressure such as
a boiler and connected through suitable gear with valves controlling the passage of
fluid through the desired way or passage, springs or weights being used to regulate
the amount of motion of the diaphragins or their equivalents.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Controlling and Regulating the
Flow of Fluids in Refrigerating and Freezing Machines.
I FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY of No 4 Clayton Square Liverpool in the County
of Lancaster Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement
-
The invention relates more especially to machines in which a volatile liquid is
used and refrigeration effected by alternate vapourization and condensation.
Hitherto when liquids having a very low boiling point such as ammonia and
sulphurous acid have been used there has been great difficulty in obtaining uniform
and regular action, owing to the want of proper apparatus for controlling and
regulating the flow of the liquids and vapours or gases from one part of the
apparatus to another
My invention has for its object to provide fit apparatus of the above nature for
use more especially in ammonia absorbtion machines, but is also applicable in part
to ammonia compression machines or machines using other volatile liquid
Under the first part simple apparatus for opening and closing a way or passage
leading from a refrigerator to an absorber, and for preventing fluid from travelling
in a direction opposite to that required, consists essentially of the combination of
a taper plug having a passage leading from the side to one end with a valve
disposed so as to close the said end opening The taper plug fits within a suitably
shaped chamber and receives motion by means of a spindle which by preference is
at its small end The said spindle passes through a stuffing box and the plug is
kept to its seat by means of a thrust pin which enables adjustment of the plug to
be effected independent of the packing round the spindle Instead of a plug a lift
valve actuated by means of a spindle may be used, in this case the check closes on
a seat surrounding the said lifting valve
In all the views the same letters denote like parts.
Fig 1 is a sectional view of valvular apparatus under the first part of my
invention 1 is a taper plug having a passage 2 leading from the side to one end.
3 18 a valve disposed so as to close the opening through the ond of the plug 4 18
the body or container for the plug and valve 5 inlet way from the refrigerator,
6 outlet to the absorber 7 spindle for giving motion to the plug 1 the said
spindle passes through a stuffing box 8 and is preferably united to that end of the
plug which is of smaller diameter 9 cap through which the valve 3 and plug 1 are
removed The valve 3 works on a spindle 10 which screws through the cap 9 and
18 locked by the nut 11. The said spindle 10 is formed with a conical bearing
which fits against an abutment 12 on the plug to retain the said plug in position
Fig 2 is a transverse section of a modification of apparatus under the above first
part
Here a lift valve 1 is used instead of the taper plug The said valve closes
on a seat 13, and is made with an overhanging flange 14 so that the area for the
gas 18 regulated by the distance the overlap on the valve is from the corresponding
part on the valve seat and not by the distance the valve face is from its seat as is

page_text: usual, in this way wear of the seat is avoided A screwed plug 7 passing through
the stuffing box 8 18 used for opening and closing the valve 1 15 is a guide for
the valve spindle 15 and for the valve 3
It will be obvious that when the plug or valve 1 is open the gases can pass
freely from the refrigerator to the absorber in the direction shown by the airows
but that their return is prevented by the self closing valve 3
Under the second part Apparatus for controlling regulating and indicating the
amount of fluid flowing more especially from a boiler to an absorber consists of
a taper valve fitting within a conical seat, a screwed spindle provided with a
graduated operating wheel, and a stationary indicator
Fig 3 is a sectional view of apparatus under the above second part, 1 is a taper
valve fitting within a conical seat in the body or chamber 4 7 18 a spindle
screwing through the cap 11 and stuffing box 8 The said spindle is made with a
conical bearing which fits against the valve 1 16 18 a graduated operating wheel
attached to the spindle 7 17 is an indicator secured to the chamber 4 5 inlet 1
6 outlet
It will be evident that the taper valve and conical seat allow of the passage for
fluid being gradually increased or diminished, and the combined graduated wheel
and indicator show minutely the amount of such variation in area and consequent
increase or decrease in the flow of the liquid
Under the third part Apparatus for controlling the flow of liquid more
especially from a condenser to a refrigerator consists essentially of a hollow float
provided with a hollow rising stem open to the gaseous atmosphere within the
machine and to the interior of the float in combination with a lever balanced valve
or valves and adjusting weight The float is contained within a suitably shaped
chamber and the rising stem is carried up within a cover to a sufficient height to
prevent any liquid from finding entrance thereto A way for the entrance of
liquid into the chamber beneath the float is provided and when two valves are
used they are attached at opposite sides of the fulcrum of a lever and open to
the reverse sides of a diaphragm closing the outlet way from the chamber
Fig 4 is a vertical section of apparatus under the third part 17 is a hollow float
provided with a rising stem 18 open to the gaseous atmosphere within the chamber
or vessel 19, and to the interior of the float 17 The said float is attached to a
lever 20 which works on a fulcrum 21 22 valves connected to the lever on
opposite sides of the fulcrum so as to balance each other 23 valve seat
24 adjusting weight 25 cover for rising stem 5 inlet 6 outlet. 26 guage
It will be seen that if the liquid from the condenser 18 flowing too slowly to the
refrigerator the float will fall and close the valves more or less until the flow again
increases.
Under the fourth part Apparatus for regulating the flow of liquid or vapour
through one part of the machine by means of the flow of liquid through another
say for controlling the flow in an ammonia machine of the weak liquor from the
boiler to the absorber by means of the quantity of weak liquor that is being drawn
from the absorber by the pumps consists essentially of a float constructed as above
setforth contained in one chamber arranged to actuate a single or double balanced
valve in another chamber The said valve or valves is or are carried on a rocking
shaft which passes from the valve to the float chamber and the float is connected
to the said rocking shaft by a lever provided with a regulating weight
Fig 5 is a vertical, and fig 6 a horizontal section of apparatus under the fourth
part. Here the float 17 is in one chamber 19 whilst the valves are in a second
chamber 27 motion being conveyed from the float to the valves through a rocking
shaft 28 5 inlet 6 outlet to chamber 19 29 inlet 30 outlet to chamber 27.
It will be obvious that the height of a liquid in the chamber 19 will regulate
the speed of flow of a gas past the valves in the chamber 27
Under the fifth part Apparatus for controlling and regulating the flow of fluid
through one part of the machine by means of variations of pressure in another
*part consists essentially of a flexible diaphragm hollow flexible chamber cylinder
1

page_text: and piston or like apparatus in communication with the source of pressure such as
a boiler, and connected through a suitable gear with valves controlling the passage
of fluid through the desired way or passage Springs or weights being used to
regulate the amount of motion of the diaphragms or their equivalents.
Fig 7 is a vertical and fig 8 a horizontal section of apparatus under the above
fifth part 31 is a hollow flexible chamber of thin sheet metal such as brass or
steel in communication through the pipe 32 with a source of pressure such as a
boiler The said flexible chamber is contained in a vessel 19 and is connected by
a rocking shaft 28 to valves 22 in a chamber 27 33 is a spring and screwed
spindle for adjusting the resistance of the rocking shaft and valves
pressure in the chamber varies the position of the valves will be altered
As the
Fig. 9 is a sectional view shewing a diaphragm in place of a flexible chamber
Fig 10 is a sectional view of a modification of apparatus in which a flexible
chamber 31 acting directly on a valve is used, in this way rocking shafts and
levers are dispensed with Instead of diaphragms and flexible chambers pistons
and cylinders may be used but not so advantageously
The one or more of the valves herein described may be used alone or with other
valves to regulate the action of ammonia absorbtion or volatile fluid refrigerating
machines When however they are used conjointly in one machine they have the
effect of causing regular uniform and steady action
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim 1s
First The combination with an ammonia or volatile liquid refrigerating machine
of one or more of the valves herein described for the purposes setforth
Second The combination with an ammonia o volatile liquid refrigerating
machine of one or more of the valves described under the first and fourth and
fifth parts or their equivalents alone or with other valves for the purposes setforth.
Third The combination of a plug and valve or two valves substantially as and
for the purpose setforth
Fourth The combination of a taper valve with a graduated wheel and indicator
substantially as and for the purpose setforth
Fifth The combination of a hollow float and stem tube with a lever and valves
substantially as and for the purpose setforth
Sixth. The combination of a hollow float and stem tube in one chamber with
valves in a second chamber substantially as and for the purpose setforth.
Seventh The combination of a flexible chamber, diaphragm, or piston and
cylinder, with valves and connections substantially as and for the purpose setforth.
Batodthin twenty hitith dev of NADMIARY 1880
Bated his twenty hith day of NADMIATY 1880
J. T. KING,
Per J. Richman,
Agent for the Applicant.