matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
TREATING THE Juice of a CERTAIN TREE CALLED ZAPOTE OR CHICKLEY IN ORDER TO PREPARE or ADAPT IT FOR USEFUL PURPOSES, AND PRODUCING MATERIALS AND USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES THEREFROM
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Conybeare and Gabor
Naphegyi at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th June 1874.
We, HENRY CONYBEARE, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, and GABOR NAPHEGYI, of the same Place, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ TREATING THE
Juice of a CERTAIN TREE CALLED ZAPOTE OR CHICKLEY IN ORDER TO PREPARE or
ADAPT IT FOR USEFUL PURPOSES, AND PRODUCING MATERIALS AND USEFUL AND
ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is the treatment of the juice, gum, gum
resin, or gummy or resinous produce of a tree chiefly found in Central
America, and called zapote or chickley (it is a variety of the ficus
elasticus), the object of such treatment being to prepare the same for
application in the industrial or useful arts, and the ornamental or
decorative arts. The juice of such tree has not hitherto been applied
thereto.
To avoid ronetition. IVO
1180
the word "zanotine" to signify the

page_text: chloride of lime, it may then be converted into a substance analogous to
vulcanite by the process above described and applied to all the useful
and ornamental purposes to which the vulcanite produced from india-
rubber is now applied; also for useful and ornamental purposes as a
substitute for ivory and other materials when thus bleached. We some-
times add colouring matter to the compound.
In preparing varnish or coating for ships' bottoms or other surfaces
zapotine may be dissolved in benzine, naphtha, camphine, alcohol, or
other hydrocarbons or hydrocarbonaceous compounds. One practical
compound is 5 lbs. of zapotine to 2 lbs. benzine. In preparing such
varnish or coating for ships' bottoms or other purposes arsenic or other
similarly acting material may be added.
Zapotine may be combined with caoutchouc or gutta percha, and may
be ground (or otherwise treated) therewith.
To adapt the zapotine as a material for the manufacture of candles,
we first bleach it by the process above described and then distil it to get
rid of its volatile or essential oils. The substance thus formed may be
applied as a material for the manufacture of soap by combining or
treating it with an alkali or alkaline compound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Baggeley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1874.
I, HENRY BAGGELEY, of No. 18, Gearvo's Road, Orown Road,
Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE," to
be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to produce an earthenware, which
vitrifies thoroughly and much more completely than ordinary earthen-
ware, which burns without distortion and is of greater strength than
earthenware as heretofore made.

page_text: These materials are thoroughly ground and mixed together with
sufficient water only to enable the mixture to be moulded, and the
moulding is by preference done by percussion or the application of a
heavy pressure.
These materials are thoroughly ground and mixed together with
sufficient water only to enable the mixture to be moulded, and the
moulding is by preference done by percussion or the application of a
heavy pressure.
The moulded articles are dried and burnt in the ordinary manner,
except that a higher heat is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING AND ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Heaven at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1874.
I, ALFRED HEAVEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Embroiderer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING AND ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
:-
My Invention is particularly applicable to the ornamentation of table
covers and other articles of furniture, but it may be applied to garments
and for other purposes.
My Invention consists in producing leaves, flowers, and other designs
by means of narrow strips of paper or other material, which strips are
passed the machine known as Lindley and Taylor's edging machine,
by which the strip is covered with silk or other cord of the same
or of different colours. These strips can be bent into the shape of
leaves or other designs, and are attached to the fabric to be ornamented
by sewing or otherwise; or leaves or other designs can be produced on
fabrics in the ordinary embroidering machine, and then cut by hand or

page_text: stamped into suitable forms, the edges of which are embroidered by the
edging machine above referred to, and these pieces are then attached to
fabrics by sewing or otherwise; or long flowing patterns are embroidered
in rows on fabrics on the ordinary embroidering machines, then cut into
strips, which are afterwards attached to table cloths or other fabrics by
the edging machine above referred to, which produces a border all
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Whitaker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1874.
·
I, HENRY WHITAKER, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to cause a down draught through the
fire-bars in a furnace, and thus to carry all the smoke and other uncon-
sumed products of combustion through the hottest part of the fire,
whereby they become entirely consumed, and a great economy of fuel
is thereby effected.
The Invention consists principally in closing the upper part of the
flue entirely immediately behind the fire-bars by carrying the bridge
wall up to the crown of the flue, closing the front and opening the
back of the ash-pit, so that the air which enters at the furnace door
passes downwards through the fuel, carrying all the smoke and gases

page_text: from the fresh fuel through the incandescent fuel below, and thus all
that is combustible is consumed. A short distance behind the bridge
wall a second bridge wall is built on the bottom of the flue, so as to
throw the flames and gases upwards again towards the top of the
flue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING TUNNELS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Heaton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1874.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM HEATON, of Holland Road, Brighton, in the
County of Sussex, Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING TUNNELS, AND IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
•
My Invention consists in cutting away the face of the workings by
vertical or other chasings, channels, or cuts, and afterwards breaking off
the parts left between the cuts by hydraulic or any other suitable force,
agent, or pressure, applied in and between the sides of the cuts or
chases, instead of the ordinary method of drilling holes. The machinery
I propose to employ consists of crocking levers with cutters, operated
by steam, air, or other power.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CORKING OR STOPPING BOTTLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
23rd December 1874.-A communication from abroad by Jean
Benoit Granjon, of Chatonnay (Isère), France, Locksmith.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CORKING OR STOPPING
BOTTLES," a communication to me from abroad by Jean Benoit Granjon,
of Chatonnay (Isère), France, Locksmith, to be as follows :—
The principle of this Invention lies in the mobility of the guide cork
indicated by the letter A on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing. This
guide cork moves vertically, guided by the ribs or beads of the frame B,
and its traverse is limited at the lower end by the two pins C. This
arrangement permits the corking of bottles of any height. The piston D,
which serves to push the corks during the corking, is traversed by a
rod E, which comes on to the guide cork and acts as a stop. It is
therefore impossible to drive the cork too far into the bottle. The lever

page_text: arrangement shown on the Drawing is only given as an example for
the working of the piston D, but any arrangement may be used which
will produce the same effect. The frame B is set upon a basin intended
to catch any liquid coming from a bottle which may be accidentally
broken.
A NEW METHOD OF PROVIDING A FOOTHOLD FOR HORSES ON ASPHALTE AND OTHER SIMILAR PAVEMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Anderson Cotton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1874.
I, JOHN ANDERSON COTTON, of "The Ferns," Tottenham, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF PROVIDING A FOOTHOLD FOR HORSES
ON ASPHALTE AND OTHER SIMILAR PAVEMENTS," to be as follows:-
As regards pavements already laid I propose to drill holes at a
distance of about a foot or two apart, either longitudinally, transversely,
or diagonally. In each of these holes I propose to drive a round plug of
wood about six inches in circumference; through this plug of wood I
purpose passing one or more pieces of iron wire of such circumference as
may be deemed expedient; but if only one piece of iron is used I
purpose
the same to protrude at one end so as to form a point for the plug in
order to fix it more firmly in the concrete. The plug when driven in to
be either on the level with or slightly above that of the surface of the
pavement.

page_text: The wooden plugs can be used either with or without the iron wires.
By this means a good foothold will be obtained for horses, and no extra
noise will be occasioned, and the plugs will last as long as the road.
As regards roads to be laid hereafter with asphalte I propose to employ
plugs of wood as and in the manner before described. These plugs are
to be placed as before, but instead of being driven into the concrete I
purpose to lay down boards in the concrete and fix these plugs into
them. The asphalte to be afterwards filled in between.
I also propose instead of plugs and by way of variation to take two
boards of the usual thickness, and between these to put a thin plate of
iron. I purpose to fasten these three tightly together, and then fix them
in an upright position across the road at similar distances to the plugs,
either longitudinally, transversely, or diagonally, and the asphalte then
to be filled in between, as in the case of the plugs; these boards are also
like the plugs to be fixed on wooden foot boards to be laid in the con-
crete foundation of the road, the heighth to be the same as or slightly
above the level of the asphalte road.
I also propose to use these boards without the iron plate, if deemed
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MECHANICAL ORGANS OR WIND INSTRUMENTS OF THE MILITARY CONCERT OR BAND AND SIMILAR DESCRIPTION, SOMETIMES CALLED ORCHESTREONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Chiaro Frati at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1874.
I, CHIARO FRATI, of No. 5, Farringdon Road, London, E.C., Organ
Builder, do hereby declare tho nature of the said Invention for " AN
IMPROVEMENT IN MECHANICAL ORGANS OR WIND INSTRUMENTS OF THE MILITARY
CONCERT OR BAND AND SIMILAR DESCRIPTION, SOMETIMES CALLED ORCHESTREONS,”
to be as follows:-
-
This improvement consists in calling into force pneumatic pressure
instead of using the direct mechanical action, by which the pieces working
the main or big drum or similar accompanying auxiliaries have hereto-
fore been actuated in instruments of the kind described in the title. In
this improvement an auxiliary pair of bellows placed in the upper
portion of the instrument is thrown into action by a suitable arrangement
of levers and rods, which are actuated by a small pin instead of the large
ones hitherto used for that purpose on the main or driving cylinder or
barrel. By the said arrangement of levers and rods the cylinder whilst
passing under the corresponding lifting or key lever is made to open an
inlet valve to the auxiliary bellows, which thus are inflated by a pipe

page_text: from the main bellows at the bottom of the instrument, which causes
them to rise instantly and by a suitable lever escape and spring
contrivance strike the drum or its equivalent so as to give the tone
giving or rhythmic effect required. The drum pin then passes away, and
by the same arrangement of levers and rods above alluded to an escape
valve in the auxiliary bellows is made to open so that the air escapes, the
bellows collapse, and the drumming or other equivalent mechanism
returns to its position of rest ready for the next action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1874.
I, GEORGE WILSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to single chain stitch machines, whereby
they are more easily kept in repair, and the construction of parts more
simplified than heretofore.
The needle bar is fitted so as to work freely within V slides which aro
constructed with "loose slips;" these can be set up to compensate for
the wear of the needle bar. The needle used is straight and not
hollowed out as on machines of ordinary construction to allow the rotary
hook to form the loop. By this arrangement the needles are much
stronger and stiffer for their work. I fix a stud on the needle bar
provided with an eye, which stud is carried up and down with the needle
bar. I fix another stud on one of the "loose slips" also provided with

page_text: an eye.
Through the eyes of each of these studs the thread is passed
from the recl to the needle. By the upward movement of the stud on
the needle bar the thread is tightened after every stitch, at the same
time the thread required for the following stitch is drawn off the reel.
The required tension is given to the thread by preference on the reel
spindle and is of ordinary construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR CONDENSING STEAM
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker and Thomas
Sturgeon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st August 1874.
We, WILLIAM WALKER, of Shaw Hall, Newton Moor, in the County
of Chester, Engineer, and TuoмAS STURGEON, of Leeds, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR CONDENSING STEAM," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
condensing steam, and consists in the first place in applying to a suitable
opening formed in the body of the condensing vessel a flexible diaphragm,
piston, or other equivalent contrivance acted upon directly by the
atmospheric pressure on the outside as against the vacuum inside the
vessel, and connected to a valve which admits the water to the con-
denser in such a manner as to open or close the valve more or less as
the vacuum increases or diminishes, and thereby regulate the inflow of
the water into the condenser.

page_text: In the next place our Invention consists in applying to condensers
which depend for their action upon the vacuum inside the condensing
vessel a valve, which does not require any greater pressure to close it
than to open it. For this purpose instead of using a valve which shuts
down upon a seating, such as a clack or mushroom valve, we use a slide
valve, and we prefer to make it of two tubes, one sliding over the other,
one of which is provided with the necessary openings, which are opened
or shut by the motion of the other tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1874.
I, ABRAHAM MARTIN, of No. 20, Newman Street, Oxford Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS TO
BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in propelling vessels
and in apparatus to be used for that purpose. For this purpose the
propeller is composed of several paddles attached at one of their edges
to endless bands by small hinges which are riveted to the bands. The
paddles are retained at right angles to the bands by cords which are
passed through the paddles, and are also fixed to the band at points
intermediate of the paddles. The endless bands are supported by three
horizontal cylinders or drums, two of which have their axes in the same
horizontal plane, whilst the central drum is lower by an amount equal
to the height of the paddles. The central drum is for the purpose of
causing the endless bands to form two inclined planes in opposite
directions at the under side of the drums, so that when the bands are

page_text: revolved the paddles upon them shall gradually enter the water without
striking it, and shall also gradually emerge without lifting the water.
The propeller may either be placed in a channel between two vessels
coupled together, or in a channel formed longitudinally at the centre of
a vessel. The elasticity of the materials employed, wood and hemp,
prevents all vibrations or shocks; also by the apparatus being placed in
a channel along the centre of the vessel, and the paddles not descending
lower than the keel, the apparatus is protected from accidents; and to
work freely only requires the depth of water in which the vessel floats.
The two end cylinders are coupled together by a connecting rod and
cranks so that they shall revolve at the same speed. To support the
endless bands the drums are provided with side flanges upon which the
lower extremities of the paddles rest, they being notched out to allow of
their doing so. A third notch is formed in the centre of the lower edge.
of the paddle, and the notches in the paddles bear upon three fixed
longitudinal slides which are placed between the two drums and are
carried by cross bearers; the endless bands are thus sustained without
being subjected to any friction. The drums act as driving pullies and
carry the bands with them by friction; the bands also are slightly let
into the inner edge of the paddles, so that this edge shall bear upon the
drums. By this means all flattening of the cables is avoided, and they
are protected from wear as they pass over the drums. The endless
bands and cords which maintain the position of the paddles give sufficient
clasticity to the apparatus to suppress all vibrations and shocks, which
are the cause of breakage with apparatus constructed of metal.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCES CONTAINING ALUMINA, 80 AS TO RENDER THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINOUS COMPOUNDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Archbold at the Office
.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
January 1874.
I, GEORGE ARCHBOLD, of Spittal, in the Borough of the County of
Berwick-on-Tweed, Doctor of Science, Analytical and Consulting
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCES CONTAINING ALUMINA, 80 AS TO
RENDER THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINOUS COMPOUNDS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of substances containing
alumina, such for example as China clay, so as to render the alumina
contained therein more suitable for the production of aluminous com-
pounds and products, and consists in subjecting the substances containing
alumina, such as China clay, to a drying process, and when sufficiently
dessicated reducing the same to a fino state of division by any well-
known methods. The finely divided clay is then incorporated with
spent hops, spent malt, unmalted grain, sawdust, charcoal, or any com-
bustible porous substance, and the mixture is then impregnated or
saturated with an hydrocarbon, such for example as heavy coal oil or

page_text: other economical natural products, or the results of the distillation of
carbonaceous materials.
The materials so mixed and incorporated are then subjected to the
action of heat, either in a reverberatory furnace or otherwise, when it
will be found that the aluminous constituent of the clay thus prepared
will be more easily attacked by sulphuric and other acids, and that a
neutral sulphate of alumina can be otained therefrom.
The proportions in which I employ the carbonaceous substances with
the clay will vary with the substance employed; thus, for example,
spent hops, spent malt, or unmalted grain may be employed in about the 1
proportion of one part by measure to 40 parts by measure of clay, and
charcoal may be employed in about the proportion of one part by measure
to about 60 parts by measure of clay, but these proportions will vary
with the carbonaceous and porous substances employed, and the pro-
portion of hydrocarbon to be used will vary with the absorbent power of 1
the carbonaceous materials employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING WIRE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Littlewood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1874.
I, ALFRED LITTLEWOOD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Wire Drawer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING WIRE," to be as
follows:-
The wire to be taken in any size per gauge is passed through a draw
plate or die in a straight line or nearly so to a revolving block or drum
driven at any required speed, from which it passes to a reduced diameter
of the said block or drum, from whence it passes around a guide pulley
so arranged as to keep the wire straight in passing to another draw plate
or die, the operation to be repeated as before, and passed to a block or
drum of increased diameter, the operations to be repeated or not in
accordance with the qualities of the metal.
AN IMPROVED MOWING MACHINE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Florian Grubinski, of Warsaw, Poland, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MOWING MACHINE."
Sealed the 7th July 1874, and dated the 22nd January 1874.

page_text: lever H is secured by a peg (2) fitting into corresponding holes. (Sheets I.
and II.).
The movement of the apparatus for throwing the cut stalks off the
machine is communicated to it from the wheel A, which on one side is
provided with four curved ribs (c). These ribs according to their curved
form and eccentric position (Sheet III.) push the pulleys (t) of the
box (x) forward, and turn this box slowly round a vertical bolt fastened
to the frame K. When the box rotates the arms and rake (e, e, e, f,) of
the apparatus, movable in hinges and provided with pulleys (h, h, i, i,)
glide over a plate of peculiar form (9, 9,) so that the arms must take a
vertical position when they leave the wooden plane behind the scythe,
and have thrown off the corn so that the driver can keep his seat quite
unmolested.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, TILTING, AND EMPTYING SACKS FILLED WITH CORN, SEED, FLOUR, COAL, OR OTHER PRODUCE OR MERCHANDIZE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred William Toolcy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1874.
I; ALFRED WILLIAM TOOLEY, of Dunstable, in the County of Bedford,
Corn Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, TILTING, AND EMPTYING SACKS FILLED WITH
CORN, SEED, FLOUR, COAL, OR OTHER PRODUCE OR MERCHANDIZE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon an Invention for
lifting sacks for which I applied for Letters Patent No. 2212, on the 25th
June 1874. The object of that Invention was to lift sacks when filled with
corn, seed, flour, coal, or other produce or merchandize into a convenient
position for placing the same in a cart, waggon, or other carriage, or on ·
the back of a man, so that such sack may be carried or moved to any
other place as may be required.

page_text: My present improvements consist, firstly, in adapting to such or other
lifting apparatus mechanical appliances, whereby the sack may if
required be tilted over and emptied. To this end I adapt to the rising
or moveable platform of the lifting apparatus a pair of vertical standards,
which are securely and rigidly fixed at their lower ends to the platform,
and carry at their upper ends a horizontal rocking shaft which is capable
of being moved or rotated in its bearings by means of a hand lever
keyed on to one end thereof. On to this horizontal shaft is secured a
vertical frame, provided at its lower end with a horizontal shoe on which
the sack rests, and at the upper end of this vertical frame is a horizontal
oval or other conveniently shaped ring provided with hooks from which
the open mouth of the sack is suspended.

page_text: In order to prevent the frame from turning over too far a stop is
adapted thereto, which by coming in contact with one of the fixed
standards will hold the sack in the proper position while the sack is
being emptied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING AWNINGS OF COVERINGS TO TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER SUCH LIKE VEHICLES AND STEAM BOATS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th August 1874.
I, GEORGE HENRY SMITH, of Tinsbury, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPLYING AWNINGS OF COVERINGS TO TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER SUCH LIKE
VEHICLES AND STEAM BOATS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to providing tram cars and other such like
vehicles and steam boats with an awning or covering for the protection
of outside passengers from the sun or rain, and which when not required
can be lowered and compactly stowed out of the way.
In carrying out my Invention I fix above or in the place of the
central back of the roof seat, a box running from one end to the other,
which may serve as the back to the scats as well as to contain the
awning when not in use. This box is provided with a cover, preferably
of angular form in cross section, supported at each end upon telescopic
standards erected in the roof of the car. To the under side of this cover

page_text: the canvas or other fabric to form the awning is attached, one half on
each side of the centre line, the two parts when not in use being each
rolled up on a bar, or a spring barrel or barrels may be used for the
purpose.
In order to spread the awning the telescopic standards aro extended
or raised either directly by hand or by a crank handle and shaft
operating through suitable gearing to raise the cover of the box to the
desired height for the centre of the awning. The canvas is then
unrolled and attached by a bar along its edge to uprights fitted in
sockets along the sides of the roof.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN RACK PULLEYS AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE. SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Batsford and Edwin
Bloore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th April 1874.
We, CHARLES BATSFORD and EDWIN BLOORE (trading under the Firm
of "Batsford and Bloore"), of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brassfounders, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RACK PULLEYS AND IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING THE.
SAME," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is by the means herein-after explained to
manufacture a rack pulley, which can be easily fixed, readily adjusted,
and not liable to get out of order.
In the first place we provide a short iron pin having a suitable screw
out thereon, and which by means of an ordinary thumb nut, which is
afterwards cast upon or otherwise permanently secured to one end
thereof, is used to adjust the elevation of the screw in the bracket which
is afterwards cast upon it, as herein-after explained.
Having prepared the screw in such manner as to prevent molten metal
from adhering to it, we place it in a suitable metallic mould and cast

page_text: around it a bracket, which is afterwards intended to be permanently
attached to the window frame, and through which bracket the screw
works, and by means of which therefore the said screw (and through it
the pulley, as herein-after explained, which carries the blind cord) can be
adjusted to any required height. Upon the other end of the said iron
pin we now cast in a similar manner that part of the rack which is to
hold the pulley in such manner that it may be free to revolve upon the
said pin; and the said pulley being fitted therein the Invention is
complete.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1874.-A communication from abroad by Henri Armand
Joseph Manoury, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR,"
a communication to me from abroad by Henri Armand Joseph Manoury,
of Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention relates to the treatment of molasses, syrups, and other
similar saccharine products obtained in the manufacture and refining of
sugar, and consists in, firstly, adding to such molasses, syrups, or other
similar saccharine products, an alkaline carbonate, such for example as
carbonate of soda or of carbonate of potash, for the purpose of rendering
the organic and other compounds more soluble in dilute alcohol than
they are when they exist in combination with lime.
In carrying out this Invention the before-mentioned saccharine
products are mixed with an alkaline carbonate in about the proportion

page_text: of from two to five per cent. their weight, and after having been well
incorporated by the assistance of heat, by preference the mixture is
transferred to a vessel provided with suitable stirring, agitating, or
incorporating arrangement, and is thoroughly incorporated and combined
with lime so as to form what is well known as saccharate of lime, which
after having been allowed to cool and to solidify is removed in a divided
condition to suitable vessels so arranged as that two or more may form
a series, and the percolation of the alcohol containing about from 35
to 45 per cent. of alcohol may be effected. By causing alcohol of about
this strength to percolate the broken and divided mass, those organic
acids or compounds in combination with the alkaline base, and which
are more soluble in such alcohol than is the saccharate of lime, are
removed, and the saccharate thus freed from these impurities is better
suited in its purified condition to be employed in the production of
sugar by the employment of carbonic acid, as is well understood, than
when in its crude or unprepared condition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE WATER AND OTHER FOUL LIQUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Edward Schmersahl
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th January 1874.
I, AUGUSTUS EDWARD SCHMERSAHL, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE WATER AND OTHER
FOUL LIQUIDS," to be as follows :—
My process consists in treating the sewage water or other foul liquid
with a mixture of acids, say, two parts of sulphuric acid mixed with
water, and one part of hydrochloric acid. Of this mixtnre I use only
sufficient to make the sewage or other liquid slightly acid to decompose
all matters in combination or solution contained therein, and then I add
sufficient milk lime to neutralize the acid again. After agitation a
precipitate immediately falls, and the effluent water resulting is clear
and without smell. The proportions herein-before stated are varied
according to the nature of the sewage or other foul liquid under

page_text: operation. By this treatment I produce a precipitate containing all the
useful matters in combination or solution or suspension in the sewage or
other foul liquid, and which precipitate I employ as manure, or in the
manufacture of manure when mixed with other suitable ingredients.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR GLOVES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Compton Weeks Jefferys
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th June 1874.
I, JOHN COMPTON WEEKS JEFFERYS, of Tottenham Court Road, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR GLOVES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
DRESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved glove fastener, which may also
be applied to other articles of dress.
As a fastener for gloves it is chiefly intended to be applied to such as
being already provided with the ordinary button and button hole are
difficult to fasten owing to their being too small in the wrist, which is
frequently the case with ladies' gloves.
The improved fastener of my Invention may not only be used in con-
junction with the ordinary button but it is equally useful should the
button come off, as it may still be used to fasten the glove without the
necessity for sewing on another button. This improved fastener consists
of an oblong, oval, or other shaped head, ornamented in any suitable

page_text: manner, from the back of which project two pillars or studs, one near
either end. The one pillar terminates in a small knob, whilst the other is
provided with a disc or plate of crescent form, or having a U shaped
opening on the side nearest the other pillar. In applying the fastener
to the glove this crescent or U shaped disc forms a claw which embraces
the ordinary button; whilst should the latter come off, a hole may
be
made in its stead and the same crescent or other shaped disc passed
through it, the knob on the other pillar being in either case inserted in
the ordinary button hole.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BREAST PIN STEM WHICH WILL SECURELY RETAIN ITS POSITION IN THE SCARF OR OTHER ARTICLE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Thorpe and
Arthur William Young at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th May 1874.
We, ARTHUR CHARLES THORPE and ARTHUR WILLIAM YOUNG, of
Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex, Jewellers, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BREAST PIN
STEM WHICH WILL SECURELY RETAIN ITS POSITION IN THE SCARF OR OTHER ARTICLE,”.
to be as follows :—
The Invention relates more particularly to the stems of jewelled pins,
and is designed for the purpose of enabling such pins when inserted in
the scarf or other portion of attire, firmly and securely to retain their
hold without fear of being slipped or plucked out.
The improvement consists in giving the stem of the pin for a short
portion of its length between its head and point a spiral formation,
which when being inserted into the scarf or fabric it is designed to

page_text: ornament must be turned or screwed until the spiral formation has
passed through the fabric, at which time the head of the pin in front of
the scarf and the spiral twist behind will prevent any removal without
the pin is first unscrewed or turned in a direction reverse to that by
which it was inserted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF GAS AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis St. John Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th August 1874.
I, FRANCIS ST. JOHN JONES, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND VALVES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF GAS AND
OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in forming a lock tap or valve more especially
applicable for gas fittings, but which may be applied for regulating the
flow of other fluids.
The lock tap consists of the usual plug or valve, having a square pin,
by preference formed at the smaller end of the plug, and on the square
pin is fitted the handle having a suitable hole passing through it for
that purpose. The end of the square pin is made round to receive a
helical spring, the lower portion of the hole through the handle being
also rounded, so that the spring is encased in the handle and the parts
are made secure by a nut or washer screwed or rivetted upon the end
of the square pin. The spring is for the purpose of keeping the handle

page_text: pressed against the body of the tap or valve which is formed flat upon
its under side, and has a groove or slot cut across into which fit corre-
sponding lugs or projections formed upon a collar or rim of the handle,
the groove or slot & lugs constituting the locking parts.
When the lugs or projections are up in position in the grooves or slot
the tap or valve is turned off; to turn it on the handle is first pulled
slightly from the body sufficiently to clear the lugs or projections from
the groove or slot, and the handle being then turned, either right or
left, for a quarter revolution the tap or valve will be full on, and when
turned again either way a quarter revolution the tap will be off, the lugs
or projections springing into place in the groove or slot by the action of
the spring. The spring also tends to draw the plug farther into its seat
in the body of the tap, therefore the tap is kept constantly air-tight
and the parts are relieved in wear, and the plug I prefer to form with
considerable taper in the direction of its length to prevent it binding in
its seat in the body.
A NEW AND IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR FATTENING PIGS, SHEEP, CATTLE, AND HORSES, ENLARGING THEIR GROWTH, IMPROVING THEIR QUALITY, AND OTHER- WISE BEING OF BENEFIT TO THEM, THEIR BREED, GROWTH, AND SUBSTANCE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Stephens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1874.
I, WILLIAM HENRY STEPHENS, of No. 30, Bedford Row, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW AND IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR FATTENING PIGS, SHEEP, CATTLE,
AND HORSES, ENLARGING THEIR GROWTH, IMPROVING THEIR QUALITY, AND OTHER-
WISE BEING OF BENEFIT TO THEM, THEIR BREED, GROWTH, AND SUBSTANCE," to bo
as follows:-
-
Four hundredweight of rice meal.
Three
ditto
of barley meal.
Three
ditto
of maize meal.
Three
ditto
of bean meal.
Three
ditto
of pea meal.
Two
ditto
of linseed.
One and a half
ditto
of sugar.

page_text: Five pounds of salt.
Five ditto of carbonate of soda.
Six ditto of powdered liquorice.
Five ditto of ginger.
Five ditto of all spice.
Twenty ditto of sulphur.
Ten ditto of powdered charcoal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1874. A communication from abroad by Alfred Willson, of Belle
Ewart, in the County of Simcoe, Ontario, Canada.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES,"
(being a communication to me from abroad by Alfred Willson, of Belle
Ewart, in the County of Simcoe, Ontario, Canada), to be as follows:
-
This Invention consists in the construction of couplings for railway
carriages in such a manner as to admit of their being self-acting for the
purpose of forming the required connection, and also to cause the
rigidity of such connection to increase in proportion to the strength of
the pull on the draw bars, thereby uniting the carriages closely together
and resisting the tendency to lateral oscillation.
The draw bar is composed of two parts connected together by means
of a joint, which allows of the front portion of the bar being moved
laterally for the purposes of coupling and uncoupling, the hinder portion

page_text: being kept in a straight line and supported in the back casting bolted to
the bottom of the carriage. This casting also supports the hinder end of
the buffers which may be forked. This hinder end passes into the said
casting and presses against a spring therein.
The front part of the draw bar is connected to the buffers by means
of a horizontal pin or rod passed through a slot in the said bar, and
there is a spring on each side of the bar adapted to keep it straight when
in tension, and also allowing it to be moved laterally as required for
coupling and uncoupling. By the said arrangement the buffers may be
brought close together in coupling and their springs will be compressed,
and they will be more tightly closed together by the reaction of their
springs when the tension comes on the draw bar.
AN IMPROVED SANITARY APPARATUS OR PUMP FOR RAISING AND DELIVERING SEWAGE OR OTHER ALSO APPLICABLE DILUTED REFUSE MATTER, BUT WHICH SAID APPARATUS IS FOR ELEVATING AND DELIVERING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bentley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1874.
I, JOHN BENTLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for “AN IMPROVED
SANITARY APPARATUS OR PUMP FOR RAISING AND DELIVERING SEWAGE OR OTHER
ALSO APPLICABLE
DILUTED REFUSE MATTER, BUT WHICH SAID APPARATUS IS
FOR ELEVATING AND DELIVERING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows
(that is to say):-
My Invention consists in the use of a cylinder of the desired length
supported by preference in a greater or less diagonal direction on a
wooden stand or other convenient appliance; and at the lower end of
this cylinder are one or more lateral or other openings, which form the
inlet, as hereafter will be understood; and in connection with this part
a stay is formed, fitted with a concentric brass or other bearing, in
which a concentric shaft works, the said shaft being fitted with a spiral
blade, the periphery of which is the size of the internal diameter of the
cylinder, allowance being made for free working. This concentric shaft
is fitted at the top of the cylinder in suitable bearings, capped with a

page_text: spur or bevel wheel or other suitable gearing, and connected with
corresponding gearing to a shaft for receiving a fast and loose pulley, on
which a band may be placed from a steam engine or other prime mover
to give a revolving motion to the internal shaft and spiral, and at or
near the top of the apparatus a suitable outlet is provided.
By way of illustration I will suppose that the lower part of this simple
apparatus is submerged in the semi-fluid deposit, the said deposit been
deodorised by the admixture of lime or other antiseptic compound
necessary in an intercepted system of dealing with the sewage of large
towns, and as such deposit requires continuous removal my apparatus
as above described is particularly applicable for the purpose, as by the
revolving motion imparted to the spiral a continuous stream of such
sewage refuse is elevated for delivery or conveyance by suitable channels
in any desired direction.
Although I have described the apparatus as being worked from the
top it is evident that by an extended or suitable inlet the same apparatus
may be as conveniently worked from the bottom, and is applicable also
for other purposes than herein described.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1874.-A communication from abroad by Alexis de
Bisschop, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of. a motive power by the
combined action of an explosive compound and heated air upon the
piston of a reciprocating or other engine. By the deflagration of a
small quantity of detonating compound in the centre of a confined body
of air a pressure will be obtained due to the gas generated, and also to
the expansion of the air heated by the deflagration of the explosive
compound. An advantage consequent upon this mode of employing
explosive compounds is that the noise ordinarily attendant upon their
use will be in great part prevented.

page_text: It will be understood that the only difficulty to be overcome is to
sufficiently localize the gas produced by detonation notwithstanding its
contact with a volume of air which destroys the proportions of the gases.
In each particular case the solution therefore of the problem is found.
Here are two methods which have equally succeeded:-The gas is
caused to enter a bell situated below the piston, and thus a space is
formed in the centre of the mass of air; or the gas is caused to enter
directly below the piston, where by reason of its specific gravity it
localizes itself. It is needless to say that the admission of the gas or
vapor, the result of detonation, and that of the air which forms the
enceinte will take place at each oscillation of the piston and by reason of
its own motion.
It will be understood that if it is a question of vapors heavier than air
they are localized at the bottom of the cylinder instead of at the top.