matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A COMBINED SHOE AND GAITER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Pierro
Marie Le Goffie, Printer, and Leon Emmanuel Jouan, junior,
Bootmaker, both of No. 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris,
France.
"
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A COMBINED SHOE AND GAITER," a
communication to me from abroad by Pierre Marie Le Goffie, Printer,
and Leon Emmanuel Jouan, junior, Bootmaker, both of No. 37,
Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The shoe-gaiter the subject of this Invention is composed of a seam-
less upper with a sewn, screwed, or pegged sole. Its make is shown on
the accompanying Sheet of Drawing.
This shoe is particularly adapted for military wear, and unites the

page_text: 1°. It is of one piece and is easily and rapidly put on.
2°. Fastening rapidly at the side it has the advantage of the gaiter
combined with that of the shoe.
3°. It hermetically encloses the foot and leg of the wearer, and, owing
to its very simple make, has the advantage of doubling the gaiter only
on that side of the foot which requires the most support (the outside);
further, the mode of fastening combines with the rapid putting on or off
of a shoe the facility of contracting or enlarging the gaiter accordingly
as fatigue causes the joints to swell or the nerves to contract.
4°. When the upper leather or vamp is worn out it may be replaced,
for the gaiter undergoing less wear may easily bear a re-fronting and
_ re-soleing, which is equivalent to a new shoe.
5°. The half-projecting edge or jutting sole is preferable to that touch-
ing the upper, as shown on the accompanying Drawing, because it often
occurs that in the latter case the foot bearing either inward or outward
brings the upper on to the edge of the sole, which puts the shoe out of
shape and hurts the foot, whereas in the first case, whether the upper
wears to the right or left it finds a bearing in the projection of the
sole which upholds it.
The utility of the raised end of the sole is this, the soldier often
chooses too short a shoe, and as in marching the foot lowers in the shoe,
if this has a flat end too much pressure is eventually brought upon the
great toe. With the raised end this inconvenience disappears, for the
foot may lower to the end of the shoe without being in any way
hurt.
This system combines great economy with great comfort for the
soldier or traveller.
די
To conclude. This Invention consists in arranging the upper of a
shoe so that this upper forms at the same time upper and gaiter, the
whole of a single piece, that is to say, without seam..
1
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE UNLOADING HAY, CORN, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM WAGGONS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Carpenter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1871.
I, JOSEPH CARPENTER, of Lady Down, Trowbridge, in the County of
Wilts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE UNLOADING HAY, CORN, AND OTHER ARTICLES
FROM WAGGONS AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the unloading of hay,
corn, and other farm produce and articles from waggons and other
vehicles, by providing means for raising the latter sufficiently above
the ground to allow of the articles being removed and placed by the
workmen without the necessity of their lifting such articles above their
heads.
The apparatus employed for this purpose, and which forms the subject
of this Invention, is a level platform mounted on wheels. At each end
of this platform is attached a platform, one end of which rests upon the
ground, whilst the other end is attached by suitable means to the central
platform, thus forming an inclined plane at each end of the latter, up

page_text: one of which inclined planes the loaded waggon or other vehicle is
drawn for the purpose of being unloaded.
When the latter operation is completed the waggon or other vehicle
is drawn down the inclined plane at the other end of the platform, and
which inclined plane is, by preference, at rather a greater angle than
that by which the ascent to the platform is effected. Moveable or
jointed struts are provided by which the inclined planes are strengthened
and supported when in use, and which may be doubled up or removed
when necessary. Strips of wood may be placed across the inclined
planes at intervals to afford more secure foothold for the horses.
When not required for the before-mentioned purposes, the carriage
portion of the apparatus may be utilised in various ways, as for instance,
as a shepherd's house, as a chaff house, or as a granary, or, by raising
and supporting the inclined planes, so that they may be on a level with
the central platform, the apparatus may be used as a store place for
agricultural implements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thomlinson, and John
Thomlinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th January 1871.
We, JOSEPH THOMLINSON and JOHN THOMLINSON, both of Carlisle,
in the County of Cumberland, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as
follows:
This Invention has for its object the arrangement of apparatus in such
manner that an operator at any point on a line of railway may be able
to lay a fog signal at a distance, such that a train running over the
signal may be stopped before arriving at the operating point. For this
purpose along the whole of the line of railway at suitable intervals.
instruments are placed capable of being operated from a distance by
a strained cord or wire, or by a chain or bar. These instruments may
consist in each case of a ratchet wheel on a vertical axis, and a pawl
and a driver taking into the teeth of the ratchet wheel. The driver is
attached to the wire or other connection and can be moved by it. It
rotates the wheel and axis, and arms which are fixed on the axis move

page_text: with it. Each of the arms carries at its end a fog signal, and as it
comes round lays it on the line of rail. The long communicating wires
or connections each run over two of the distances separating the ratchet
apparatus.
To give a signal the operator at any place on the line of railway
where he may happen to be, moves the wires or other connections
before him by means of a portable lever or otherwise, and so actuates
the corresponding ratchet apparatus. By the first movement of the
wire or connection the arms are moved so as to bring one of the fog
signals on to the line ready for action; should it not be required the next
movement removes the fog signal, and again the succeeding movement
will bring up the next arm with its signal and so on. Thus in case of
emergency, without any delay, fog signals can always be laid on the
railway a long distance off to stop any approaching train, and when the
emergency is passed the fog signals no longer being required can without
trouble or delay be again removed. The wires or connections may be
carried over more than two intervals if desired. The annexed Drawings
shew apparatus such as is described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED TO HORSE-SHOES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SLIPPING IN TIMES OF FROST
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowatt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
January 1871.
I, THOMAS ROWATT, of Edinburgh, North Britain, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED
TO HORSE-SHOES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SLIPPING IN TIMES OF FROST," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in fastening to the shoes pieces of cast steel
or other metal having tapered projecting points made quite sharp, and
in each piece there is an eye or hole for the reception of a fastening
wedge or nail. In the shoe there are vertical slots or holes for the
entrance of the pointed pieces of metal and horizontal holes for the
wedges or nails, and when the metal pieces are entered into the slots
the wedges or nails are driven through the horizontal holes in the
shoc and the eyes in the projecting pieces, and their ends bent over to

page_text: keep them firm. The front of the shoe for the fore foot must project
sufficiently to allow the pieces of metal to pass through and be fastened
by the wedges or nails. A small groove or recess may be made in
the upper part of the shoe to
with the shoe.
allow the wedges to be sunk nearly flush
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE COUPLING OF PIPES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Goode Messenger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1871.
I, THOMAS GOODE MESSENGER, of Loughborough, in the County of
Leicester, Hydraulic Engineer, Valve Manufacturer, and Horticultural
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE COUPLING OF PIPES," to be as follows:-
.
I cast or otherwise form the socket at one or both ends of each
length of pipe with a flange (or with a ring) having one, two, (or
more lugs, ears, or tabs, or their equivalent, and having holes or slots
in it at the outer end.
Or instead of a flange I sometimes form the socket with one or
more pairs of tabs or ears. The interior of the socket may be of the
same diameter for the whole of its length.
Or I divide it into two lengths of two different diameters. In such
case the length of socket nearest the pipe which forms a part thereof
is of such diameter that it will allow the end of the next adjoining pipe
to be slipped into it. The outer end of the socket is made of somewhat

page_text: larger diameter to receive one or more rings, or a coil, collar, washer, or
packing which encircles the pipe inserted in the socket. Prievously to
inserting the pipe in the socket the flange with. holes in its projecting
part or the flange or ring with tabs or ears on its outer circumference is
slipped on the end of the pipe, the holes in the two flanges, or the spaces
formed by the tabs or ears, being then brought opposite each other screw
bolts are placed in the holes or spaces, nuts or equivalents are placed on
the bolts and screwed or forced up. The smallest part of the flange is
forced into the enlarged diameter of the socket and compresses the
packing, thus forming a tight joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC PISTONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Horrocks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1871.-A communication from abroad by John Horrocks,
of Chester City, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, U. S., America.
I, JOSHUA HORROCKS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC PISTONS," (a communication to me from
abroad by John Horrocks, of Chester City, Delaware County, Penn-
sylvania, U. S., America,) to be as follows :—
The Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in the
mode of packing the pistons of steam engines whereby the packing rings
are made self-adjusting and the piston is caused to work steam-tight in
the cylinder.
The Invention consists principally in a grooved central ring fitted on
the "spider" of the piston, and in certain segmental packing rings of
peculiar construction used in combination therewith.
The grooved ring is rebated so that annular recesses are left at the top
and bottom next to both the piston head and the follower, in which

page_text: .
recesses the packing rings are placed. The inner edges or sides of the
rebate are formed at any desired angle for the purpose of reducing the
area of the inner side of the packing ring, thereby also reducing the
pressure and preventing unnecessary friction and wear. The packing
rings are arranged so as to break joint, and are turned so as to conform
to the shape of the recess, but they are of less depth and width than the
latter, so that the steam will enter behind the main ring and force the
rings outwards into proper position against the interior of the cylinder.
In some instances I also employ a spring of steel wire to assist in
keeping the rings in place.
It will be understood that the packing rings will work loosely in the
recesses on the back stroke of the piston alternately, but will be forced
outwards by the pressure of the steam alternately, also when the piston
is driven in the opposite direction.
There are a series of annular grooves round the first-named ring, and
the water of condensation will enter these grooves and serve to lubricate
the piston; or lubricating material, such as tallow or other suitable
substance may be placed therein for the same purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bickerton and Ralph
Bickerton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th April 1871.
We, RICHARD BICKERTON and RALPH BICKERTON, both of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, in the County of the Town and Burgh of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, Great Britain, Agricultural Implement Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:—
This said Invention has reference to new or improved constructions
and arrangements of the parts of revolving rakes or harrows as portable
wheeled machines, drawn by horse or steam power, carried and revolving
by their wheels over the surface of the ground being harrowed, and
which new or improved portable and revolving harrows produce more
regular work with a less expenditure of power, and are more con-
venient for many kinds of ground and crops than the harrows heretofore
in use.
And the nature of the said Invention substantially consists in having
the harrows in the form of horizontal wheels, each secured on the lower

page_text: end of a vertical spindle carried in journal bearings in a frame below
the main horizontal shaft of the rolling or driving wheels of the
machine, or it may be other transverse shaft actuated from it, which
shaft in either case would actuate each vertical spindle (and its harrow)
by a bevel wheel and pinion respectively keyed on them at the upper
end of the latter. One, two, three, or more of these vertical spindles
with their horizontal harrow wheels revolving a little above the surface
of the ground are carried in the said frame across the width of the
machine below the said actuating traverse shaft, all so that the raking
teeth project down into the earth from the outer and lower extremity of
the horizontal wheels, rims, or arms, into which they are fixed at con-
siderable intervals apart, and barrow or rake the surface of the earth
by the double action of revolving on their spindles, and being traversed
forward on or with the machine or carriage frame, cither by horse or
traction motive steam power.
The harrow wheels may be simultaneously raised or lowered by their
spindles sliding up through the bearings, or by these and their carrying
frames at pleasure, by a connecting bar and hand screw or lever
arrangement which reciprocates them so as to raise the raking teeth
out of or lower them into the ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF INDIA-RUBBER TIRES TO WHEELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Napier Lee and Edward
Lee at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th March 1871.
We, HENRY NAPIER LEE, and EDWARD LEE, of High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF INDIA-RUBBER TIRES TO WHEELS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved means of applying and
securing india-rubber tires to the rims or fellies of wheels for carriages
or other vehicles.
Hitherto it has been usual in applying india-rubber tires or hoops to
wheels to stretch or expand them sufficiently to pass over, and then
contract upon or partly within a groove formed around the rim or felly
of the wheel, but it is found that such india-rubber tires so applied after
being in use for a time are liable to expand, get loose, and finally
come off.
Now according to our improvements we form india-rubber tires or

page_text: which overlap the sides of the rim or felly of the wheel, being secured
thereto by india-rubber cement or other glutinous or resinous substance,
rivets being passed through the flanges and felly of the wheel, or other
suitable means may be employed for securing the flanges to the felly.
We prefer to make the flanges of stout canvas saturated with india-
rubber solution, and cured by the usual vulcanizing process, the flanges
being attached to the inner circumference of the india-rubber tire with
india-rubber cement, or other glutinous or resinous substance; or the
flanges may be made of leather or other suitable flexible material.
AN IMPROVED WINDER FOR MUSICAL BOXES, CLOCKS, AND SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Ducommun at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
July 1871.
I, LOUIS DUCOMMUN, of Geneva, Switzerland, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WINDER FOR MUSICAL
BOXES, CLOCKS, AND SIMILAR MACHINES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in an improved mode of employing friction for
the purpose of winding instead of using the ordinary ratchet wheel and
catch, and thus procure a winder which is noiseless and comparatively
indestructible. On the ordinary arbor of the winder is firmly fixed a
disk between which and a washer is placed an actuating handle which
is at liberty to move freely on the cylindrical part of the washer, the
handle being held in position laterally between the flanges of the latter
and the disk. This handle has a piece of metal projecting on the side
towards the disk and fitting against the cylindrical part of the same.
This piece on its edge next to the cylindrical surface of the disk
has a tapering cavity or recess forming a chamber to receive a small
loose roller, and another similar piece of metal with a chamber to receive
a second roller is attached to the frame which carries the arbor. By

page_text: moving the handle in one direction it wedges the first roller between the
metal piece and the disk, and carries the latter and arbor round with it.
When moved in the contrary direction this first roller is released and
passes to the larger part of the chamber to allow the handle to be moved
in that direction without actuating the disk, the latter being held firmly
by the wedging of the second roller between it and the second piece of
metal.
AN IMPROVED DISINFECTANT
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ludewig Hahn
Dancholl at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th October 1871.
I, FREDERICK LUDEWIG HAHN DANCHELL, of Horwich, in the
County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DISINFECTANT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in producing an improved disinfectant, which
is particularly adapted for purifying sewage water, but which may be
used for other purposes by combining clay or lime, or a combination of
both, with peat.
In performing my Invention I mix the clay or lime, or a combination
of clay and lime, with the peat, and then char the whole in retorts or
other apparatus, as employed in the manufacture of charcoal.
In preparing a disinfectant for purifying sewage water or for refining
sugar I have found that about 10 pounds of clay or lime mixed with
15 pounds of peat produces a good result, but the proportions may
be varied according to the purpose for which the disinfectant is
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Tuer, Mark Tuer, and
Joel Holden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th March 1871.
We, MATTHEW TUER and MARK TUER, both of Farnworth, in the
County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, and JOEL HOLDEN, of Belfast,
in the Country of Antrim, in Ireland, Power Loom Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates first to the shedding motion and consists in
certain improved mechanism for opening the shed in the warp, so that
the healds farthest from the reed are raised more than the others to
produce what is called an even or V shed.
In performing our Invention we apply to the fancy or jacquard
machine two radius levers, which are hinged to the same centre, and the
ends of which are connected by racks or segments and an intermediate
pinion; by means of the ordinary pattern chain the knives or double
hooks are brought into position for raising and lowering the healds
according to the shed required.

page_text: Our Invention consists also in an improved arrangement of mechanism
for raising and lowering the drop box of shuttle looms; to the tappet
shaft or other second motion is fitted a disc cam and peg wheel, the
latter gearing into two star wheels, one of which is fixed to the drum
of the pattern chain, and the other to the drum of the tappet chain
or tappet drum, which acts on the lever connected to the drop shuttle
box. By this arrangement the pattern chain governs the position of the
peg wheel, and gives motion when required to the tappet chain or drum
to raise or lower the drop box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS OR BUCKLES FOR BRACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lawley Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1871.
I, EDWARD LAWLEY PARKER, trading as Bent and Parker, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS
OR BUCKLES FOR BRACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
connecting the tab plates of brace fastenings or buckles with the body
of the fastening or buckle attached to the web of the brace.
On the bottom or lower edge of the body of the fastening or buckle
a semicircular loop is made with which the tab plate is connected. The
tab plate is made in the following manner :-From elastic sheet metal
I cut a blank of such a figure that when folded upon itself near its
middle and the end of the longer arm turned down there is formed a
hook having a spring tongue which engages with the end of the said
hook so as to close the said hook and prevent it from being accidentally
disengaged from anything with which it may be hooked. Near the

page_text: part where the metal is folded upon itself and on the hook part of the
tab plate the sheet metal expands on either side, and the said expanded
part is pierced with holes, one on either side the central line of the tab
plate. These holes constitute loops, through which the straps of the
tabs are passed and fixed by sewing or otherwise. The extreme end of
the hook is raised out of the plane in which the other part is situated,
and the end of the spring tongue engages against the under side of the
said raised part. The inner side of the said spring tongue and the inner
side of the hook are thus flush or in the same plane.
:
.
In order to connect the tab plate with the loop or ring at the bottom
edge of the fastening or buckle, it is only necessary to grasp the tab plate
between the thumb and forefinger, the thumb pressing upon the spring
tongue and the finger supporting the back of the tab plate. The spring
tongue is thereby depressed against the back of the tab plate, and the
hook is free to be hooked on the ring or loop of the fastening or buckle.
By loosing the tab plate the spring tongue engages with the end of the
hook and the tab plate is thereby securely connected to the fastening.
The disconnecting of the tab plate from the fastening is effected by
pressing down the spring tongue and unhooking the tab plate from the
loop of the fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR RINGING BELLS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Voice at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1871.
I, NICHOLAS VOICE, of Handcross, in the County of Sussex, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR RINGING BELLS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to facilitate and simplify the ringing of
alarm, dinner, school, church, railway, and other like bells; and the
Invention essentially consists in the employment of rods and bevel
gearing.
In carrying out the Invention I attach to the end of the axle from
which the bell is hung a bevel pinion which gears with another bevel
pinion on one end of a rod; to the other end of this rod another bevel
pinion is attached which gears with a bevel pinion on a crank handle.
By imparting reciprocating motion to the handle this motion is
transmitted by the bevel gearing and rod to the bell axle, and the bell
therefore gives one ring for every such movement. This is my

page_text: Invention in its most simple form, that is to say, where the¯crank
handle is placed below the bell.
By employing the requisite-number of rods and bevel pinions, the bell
may be rung from any desired side or part of the building, or from
several different sides or parts as thought necessary, according to
circumstances, and where the gearing is arranged so that the bell may
be rung from several distinct points I remove some of the teeth from
one of the pinions of each pair, so that the movements may not be
transmitted to the rods leading to all of such points.
In the case of very large bells the gearing may be connected with the
hammer instead of with the bell, which in that case would be stationary.
In some cases the bevel wheels adjoining the crank handle may be
dispensed with, the handle being applied directly to the connecting rod,
and in other cases, as for example for railway bells placed just outside a
signal box, I carry the bell axle through to the inside of the signal box
and apply a handle directly to it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND INDICATING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Stanford and Astley
Paston Price at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th January 1871.
We, EDWARD STANFORD, of Charing Cross, in the County of Middle-
sex, Map Publisher, and ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of No. 47, Lincoln's
Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR REGISTERING AND INDICATING," to be as follows:-
1
This Invention relates to an improved mode of registering, indicating,
or marking the progress of the players in games of various kinds wherein
indicators or markers are employed. It is also applicable as an indicator
or marker for statistical tables or diagrams and particularly for indicating
and registering the positions and movements of armies, fleets, or ships on
maps or charts.
The improved apparatus for registering or indicating consists of a thin
sheet of metal, such, for example, as iron or steel, tinned or otherwise
protected, upon the surface of which is mounted the diagram, map, or
chart required. The moveable indicator or indicators to be used in

page_text: conjunction with the said metal plate have fitted to their base a per-
manent magnet or magnets, so that on placing such indicators or markers
on any part of the diagram, map, or chart they will retain their positions
thereon by magnetic attraction until again moved by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING RIBBON SLIVERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd October 1871.-A communication from abroad by Jean
Joseph Bosson, of Verviers, Belgium.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR MANUFACTURING RIBBON SLIVERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of mechanism for
forming ribbon slivers in the carding machine.
To this end two doffer cylinders are employed provided with rings of
card cloth set at equal distances apart on their respective peripheries.
These doffer cylinders are so arranged with regard to each other that
the rings of the lower cylinder will take from the main cylinder the
fibres that come opposite the spaces of the upper doffing cylinder, and to
equalize the supply to the two doffer cylinders the rings of the lower
cylinder are made somewhat broader than those of the upper cylinder.

page_text: Each cylinder is furnished with a doffer comb, which doffs the sliver in
the form of ribbon, which ribbon falls on to a revolving endless sheet upon
which rides a pressing roller. The ribbons in passing under this roller
are condensed, and they are then separated into two portions, every
alternative sliver forming one portion, and the remainder the other
portion. Each set of slivers is led through a reciprocating guide, whencó
they severally pass to a guide roller against which lies a loose roller. This
roller being rotated by friction of contact with the guide roller, will
wind up the slivers as they are delivered thereto by the machine.
Connected with the lower doffer cylinder is a similar apparatus to 1
that just described. The action of the machine will therefore be to form
four sets of ribbon slivers simultaneously, which slivers as they are
formed will be wound on their respective loose rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES, GRINDING AND POLISHING KNIVES AND FORKS, AND APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Townsend at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1871.
I, SAMUEL TOWNSEND, of Bradford, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES,
GRINDING AND POLISHING KNIVES AND FORKS, AND APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
The object of this Invention is to combine in one machine mechanical
parts or apparatus suitable to effect several purposes, and thereby render
it especially adapted for domestic use. The improvements consist in
the employment of a shaft or shafts capable of rotating in suitable
framework, and on which shaft or shafts I mount one or more cylindrical
or circular brushes of suitable shape or longitudinal surface forms, such
as convex and concave, or a combination of both or other surface forms.
Also on the said shaft or on one of them is mounted a grindstone and
a glazer or emery roller. And also other cylindrical or circular tools

page_text: or instruments may be mounted thereon, such as a cylindrical brush
for cleaning plate or other articles, or a circular saw for cutting bones
or fire-wood, and which may be portable so that one may be exchanged
for another if desirable. This machine may be driven or motion given
to it either by manual or other motive power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES OR TREADING APPLIANCES FOR ANIMALS, AND MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Montague Sims at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1871.
I, FRANCIS MONTAGUE SIMS, of Lee Park, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHOES OR TREADING APPLIANCES FOR ANIMALS, AND MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN,"
to be as follows:-
One feature of the Invention consists as far as regards animals in
constructing the shoe or treading appliance with material to prevent
slipping, more particularly on asphalte, in the form of a strip or strips
and as regards
let into a groove or grooves or recesses in the said shoe;
men's, women's, and children's boots or shoes, in letting in or attaching
the strip or strips to the sole or heel with the said material placed on
the under side as intended for use.
This feature is to be performed by the use of indian-rubber, gutta
percha, or similar substance in strips, of circular or any convenient
section, applied in groove or recess of corresponding form in the shoo or
treading appliance, the rubber or similar substance standing proud of
the groove so as to afford "foothold" of the ground, and being secured

page_text: to the metal by rivets or clips with the head uppermost to allow the
rubber to be applied after the shoe is nailed to an animal's hoof in the
usual manner. A washer or plate is contemplated to be used, between
the rubber and the rivetted over or clipping part of the fastening, or
screws are to be sometimes used and sometimes to be used with the
head external, instead of being covered.
The Invention further consists in constructing animals' shoes with
material to prevent slipping, in a mass or piece partly lying between
and acting as a cushion between the shoe and the hoof or foot, and
partly projecting through and standing proud of the shoe.
1
In performing this part of the Invention, indian-rubber, gutta percha,
or similar substance is also applicable, and it is contemplated to employ
strips, bands, or ties of metal placed across the projecting rubber, which
it is intended should occupy the entire area of the hoof excepting so
much as may be occupied by the frame which is to enclose it, and serve 1
to hold down (or up) the cushion portion of the rubber, rivets, clips,
nails, or convenient fastenings being employed.
AN IMPROVED STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Stead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1871.
I, HENRY STEAD, of Moorgate Street Chambers, Moorgate Street,
in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of various improvements upon an Invention
for which Letters Patent were granted to Mr. Baudet, dated 5th August
1865, No. 2034.
By the Invention of 1865 musical tones were produced by causing
strings to vibrate by bringing two rubbing and rolling surfaces in
contact with horizontal locks or tufts of bristles or hairs attached to
each of the vertical strings.
It has however been found that two of the rollers may be dispensed
with, and in lieu thereof the lock or tuft of bristles is pushed up against
the rotating rubbing surface of the acting roller by means of a vertical
rod or sticker armed at its upper end with an elastic piece which keeps
the bristles in contact with the rotating rubber, while the key is depressed

page_text: and the sticker or vertical rod elevated. The width or extent of the
bearing surface of the elastic piece at the end of the vertical sticker
must vary according to the size of the tuft of bristles and the strength
or thickness of the string or wire it is desired to set in vibration to
produce the required tone.
It has also been found preferable to use only one string for each note
throughout the instrument, in place of two or three as in pianofortes.
The cost of construction is thereby much reduced, and the liability of
the instrument to get out of tune is diminished.
Another improvement consists in imparting the vertical motion to
the sticker by means of a second lever mounted on the key lever. This
second lever is made adjustable, to which end it is provided with a
spring for keeping it down in place except when raised by depressing
the key, and its action is controlled by an adjusting screw, so that the
pressure of the sticker on the tuft of bristles, and consequently the
volume of tone may be regulated to a nicety. The rubbing rollers may
either be driven by a band actuated by a treadle or by an ordinary clock-
work motion driven by springs or weights, or it may be driven by any
extraneous motive power.
In the original Specification already referred to there is only one
rubbing cylinder, and this is of the same diameter from end to end;
as however the volume of tone varies so greatly throughout the
instrument, the rubbing action on the strings may be varied by making
the rubber roller conical or constructing it of varying diameters, or the
desired effect may be produced by dividing this roller into several parts,
and driving each part at different speeds, which may be driven by the
means above indicated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hydes and John Emil
Bennett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st May 1871.
WC, THOMAS HYDES and JOHN EMIL BENNETT, both of Sheffield,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to improve the working
of blast engines by which a greater volume of air can be discharged
with the same sized cylinders as are at present in use.
.
This improvement consists in attaching one or more fans to the air
cylinders of blast engines and using the said fan or fans for feeding
the blast cylinders with air, by these means the air will enter the
cylinders under compression, and the volume of air discharged by the
cylinders will be thereby considerably increased with only the extra
power exerted of that required to drive the fan or fans used for this
purpose.

page_text: We do not propose any alteration in the general construction of
blast engines or fans to those commonly in use, but what we propose
is to work fans in connection with blast engines for the purpose of
increasing the strength of the blast, and the volume of air discharged by
the engine as above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EQUILIBRIUM PUMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jackson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1871.
"
I, WILLIAM JACKSON, of the City of Norwich, in the County of
Norfolk, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EQUILIBRIUM PUMPS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction of
equilibrium pumps, the said pumps being applicable for draining and
irrigating purposes, for use in ships and houses, for beer engines, and
for various other purposes.
enclose
The pump is constructed of a cylinder or pump barrel with the open
part downwards, the upper part being furnished with a valve to
a space for water or other liquid (or for air if the pump is to be used for
forcing purposes). The plunger of the pump consists of a hollow
cylinder, furnished with two valves (in very small pumps only one);
one of these valves is placed on the top of the suction pipe which
extends nearly to the top of the inside of the plunger; the other valve
which may be termed the ordinary valve is placed in the centre of

page_text: the upper part of the plunger and at the top of a pipe which extends
nearly to the bottom of the plunger. By this arrangement the plunger
forms its displacement at the downward stroke and acts as an equi-
librium or balance to the uplift. At the bottom of the pump cylinder is
a suitable packing ring and packing.
If required to be used as a fire engine the pump is furnished with
a suitable air vessel and arrangements for attaching a hose to the nozzle
of the pump.
AN IMPROVED WATERING CART OR LIQUID MANURE DISTRIBUTOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Nicholls at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1871.
I, SILAS NICHOLLS, of Bristol, in the County of Somerset, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATERING CART
OR LIQUID MANURE DISTRIBUTOR," to be as follows:-
:―
My Invention relates to an improved construction of cart for watering
the ground or for the distribution of liquid manure, whereby I am
enabled to make the vehicle lighter in proportion to its strength and
capacity, and with the load more evenly balanced when on an incline,
and to obtain a more equable distribution of the liquid.
According to my Invention I make the body of the vehicle or liquid
reservoir cylindrical or barrel shaped, and mount it on wheels with its
axis in a transverse direction so that the ends of the said cylinder or
barrel will form the sides of the vehicle. This liquid reservoir is
supported by suitable scroll irons on springs disposed beneath it and
bearing on a cranked axletree, the upright or cranked parts of which
are fitted to move in guides fixed to the sides of the liquid reservoir.
The shafts are attached to the reservoir or body of the vehicle, and the

page_text: driver's seat is mounted at the rear thereof so as to have full command
over the horses and the distribution of the liquid. The liquid is taken
from the reservoir by two delivery pipes or distributors which are con-
nected to the lower part of the reservoir and are bent or diverge outwards
behind each wheel and partly under the same so as to occupy as little !
space as possible. These pipes are perforated at their curved extremities
for the delivery of the liquid, and are provided with independent valves
for controlling or regulating the discharge, which may thus be spread
over a wider or narrower area as required.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN STRINGED INSTRUMENTS OF THE FRET OR FINGER-BOARD CLASS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1871.-A communication from abroad by Lucius Par-
malee Wildman, of Danbury, in the State of Connecticut, United
States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN STRINGED
INSTRUMENTS OF THE FRET OR FINGER-BOARD CLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to increase the volume of sound
developed by hollow stringed instruments, such for example as the
violin, and consists in piercing the sounding board in such a manner
as greatly to diminish the cross cutting of the fibre of the sounding
board and thereby materially to increase the sounding capacity of the
instrument.
Hitherto it has been usual to make the apertures of the shape of an f.
This arrangement necessitates a narrow sound board and the sound
developing capacity of the board is proportionately limited. The board

page_text: is furthermore weakened and the effectiveness of the entire instrument
endangered.
In lieu of the mode of piercing the shell of the instrument it is now
proposed to make the apertures parallel or nearly or with the concave
portions of the sides of the instruments and close to the sides, and giving 5
them a crescent shape which will ensure the least possible interruption to
the fibro of the wood.
By this simple and inexpensive contrivanco a considerable gain in
the width of sounding board (between the apertures) is secured, and
the strength of the sound board is also increased. The value of the 1
instrument is thereby materially enhanced and its sound capacity is
augmented.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN REFINING SUGAR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Gerken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1871.
I, HENRI GERKEN, of Leman Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Sugar Boiler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN REFINING SUGAR," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in the process of refining
sugar, and consists in separating the greater portion of the molasses
contained in the raw sugar as imported before subjecting the sugar to
the ordinary process of refining, which may then be performed with much
greater facility.
In carrying out my Invention I mix the raw sugar with a small
quantity of syrup or sweet water in a pan of suitable dimensions licated
by steam, the quantity of liquid added to the sugar being only sufficient
to bring the mixture when warmed to a semi-liquid condition, or to a
density of about 50 degrees Beaumé. The sugar mixture is transferred
thence to a number of shallow open pans, cach provided with a perforated
false bottom on which a wire ganze is stretched and communicating

page_text: beneath the false bottom with a pipe placed in connection with an
air pump, by which the air is exhausted from beneath the falsc
bottom. The liquid matter or molasses contained in the layer of sugar
in the pan is thereby forced by the atmospheric pressure through the
reticulated false bottom or strainer, which retains the solid particles of
sugar in the pan, the liquid or molasses so extracted being conveyed by
the pipe to a suitable receiver. The sugar retained in the pan after the
liquid is separated therefrom should be sparged with clean water until
its soluble impurities are discharged, after which it may be transferred
to the "blow up" and subjected to the ordinary refining process, and 1
the molasses may also undergo separately a similar refining process to
extract from it any crystallizable sugar it may contain.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TREASURE SAFE FOR SHIPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brumby Johnston at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th January 1871.
I, THOMAS BRUMBY JOHNSTON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED TREASURE SAFE FOR SHIPS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of safe specially devised for
the purpose of preserving the deeds, treasures, or other valuables of
ships in the event of their foundering, being burned, or otherwise lost
at sea, and it consists of a vessel having the form of a boat, cylinder,
sphere, or other suitable shape, constructed so that it shall be practically
air and water tight, and of a buoyancy corresponding to its carrying
capacity in order to enable it to float with the valuables contained
therein on being launched or cast into the sea. The safe may be con-
structed of iron or other suitable material, and is by preference covered
with an outside casing of cork, caoutchouc, wood, or other material to
prevent it from being injured in the event of its coming in contact with
rocks or other hard substances, and also for the purpose of increasing its

page_text: buoyancy. The valuables to be contained in the safe are placed in a
case or cases of metal or other material, the opening or openings of
which is or are then soldered or otherwise closed up, and the case or cases
placed in a corresponding chamber formed in the safe to receive it or
them; and above the said case or cases vessels filled with air are placed
so as to completely occupy the space between the said case or cases and
the top of the safe in order to prevent water from entering, the body
thereof and destroying its buoyancy. The top or lid of the safe is then
secured in its place by bolts or other means, and the said top or lid is
rendered air and water tight by providing it with thick bands of india-
rubber or other material. The safe is painted with some bright colour
so as to be readily seen at sea, and it has secured to it a towing rope and
a cable and anchor. A small staff with a flag attached thereto is also
carried on the top of the safe, and the name of the ship with the port to
which she belongs is painted or engraved thereon.
While on board ship the safe may be hung from the davits or it
may be placed on the deck on an open stand or frame or other part of
the vessel.