IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED attan
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Dan Dawson, of Milnes Bridge, in the County of
York, Aniline Manufacturer, and Clayton Slater, of Barnoldswick,
in the County aforesaid, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, for the
Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
attan"
Sealed the 2nd April 1874, and dated the 8th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Dan Dawson and
Clayton Slater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th December 1873.
We, DAN DAWSON, of Milnes Bridge, in the County of York, Aniline
Manufacturer, and CLAYTON SLATER, of Barnoldswick, in the County
aforesaid, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED TEHREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a process of dyeing or fixing colouring
matters on cotton threads or yarn by passing the same first through a

page_text: solution of colouring matter and mordant held in solution by a suitable
acid, and then through an ammoniacal vapour. In this process we use
a machine similar to the ordinary tape sizing machine, with the addition
of a trough to contain the dye liquor, and a chamber made compara-
tively air tight by suitable mcans to contain the ammoniacal vapour, a
suitable arrangement of rollers being provided to carry the yarn or
threads.
One example will suffice to illustrate the principle of our improve-
ments: Suppose we require a black dye, we first make a solution by.
boiling about one hundred parts of logwood of good quality in six
hundred parts of water, and then add twelve parts of sulphate of iron
and two parts of sulphuric acid. We introduce a sufficient quantity of
this solution into the trough above mentioned so as to cover or nearly
so the rollers therein. The solution is kept "at the boil" by means of
a coil of steam piping placed at the bottom, and the yarn is then drawn
through the solution, and on issuing therefrom passes through the
chamber containing the ammoniacal vapour, and from thence to the
drying cylinders, and may then, if required, be wound on to the loom
beam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Dan Dawson and Clayton Slater in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAN
DAWSON, of Milnes Bridge, in the County of York, Aniline Manufacturer,
and CLAYTON SLATER, of Barnoldswick, in the County aforesaid, Cotton
Spinner and Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the.
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Dan Dawson and Clayton
Slater, Her special licence that we, the said Dan Dawson and Clayton
Slater, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Dan Dawson and Clayton Slater, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to

page_text: time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Dan Dawson and Clayton Slater, our executors, or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Dan Dawson and Clayton Slater,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in a process of dyeing or fixing coloring
matter on cotton threads or yarns by passing the same first through a
solution of colouring matter and mordant held in solution by a suitable
acid, and then through an ammoniacal vapour. In this process we use
a machine similar to the ordinary tape sizing machine, with the addition
of a trough to contain the dye liquor and a chamber made compara-
tively air tight by suitable means to contain the ammoniacal vapour,
a suitable arrangement of rollers being provided to carry the yarn or
threads..
One example will suffice to illustrate the principle of our improve-
ments Suppose we require a black dye, we first make a solution by
boiling about one hundred parts of logwood of good quality in six
hundred parts of water, and then add twelve parts of sulphate of iron
and two parts of sulphuric acid. We introduce a sufficient quantity of
the solution into the trough above mentioned so as to cover or nearly
so the rollers contained therein. The solution is kept "at the boil" by
means of a coil of steam piping placed at the bottom, and the yarn is
then drawn through the solution, and on issuing therefrom passes
through the chamber containing the ammoniacal vapour, and from
thence to the drying cylinders, and may then, if required, be wound on
to the loom beam.

page_text: This Invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which represent a machine constructed
according to our Invention.
A is the framework of the machine, upon which are mounted the
warp rollers B, B, B, B; C is the dye vessel; c, c, c, are the guide
rollers, by which the yarn is conducted to the copper cylinder E,
thence by the roller e to the second copper cylinder E¹; it is thence
passed through the squeezing rollers F, F. The copper cylinders E, E¹,
can be raised by means of a rack and pinion in the ordinary manner.
g represents a coiled steam pipe for boiling the dye liquor. The yarn
passes from the squeezing rollers F, F, as shewn, to the ammoniacal
chamber H, which, with the exception of two slits or openings, one for
the entrance and the other for the exit of the yarn, is closed by means of
the lids H¹.
In the interior of the vessel are guide rollers h, h, for directing the
yarn in its passage therethrough, in order that it may be exposed to the
vapours proceeding from the ammonia which is introduced into the
hamber by means of the funnel J, the quantity of ammoniacal liquor
being regulated by the syphon J¹. The yarn passes forward as indicated
by the arrows to the washing chamber K, and by the rollers K, K¹, to
the squeezing rollers L, L. e is a perforated pipe for discharging the
water upon the yarn; M is a steam drying cylinder, over which the
yarn passes to the size box N; n is a guide roller; P, P, the copper
squeezing rollers; R, R, the drying cylinders, over which the yarn
passes after leaving the size box, and thence to the weaver's beam T, as
in an ordinary sizing machine.
By varying the strength of the solution of copperas and logwood
colouring matter we obtain a grey or slate colour, the intensity of which
will vary according to the strength of the solution used. The colouring
matters of fustic, quercitron bark, and similar yellow colouring matters,
in connection with alum or other mordants, may be used in the same
manner to dye yellow.
Red may be produced by using a bath of colouring matter of peach-
wood and alum.
By using mixtures of the various and well understood colouring
matters and mordants a variety of shades may be obtained. From a
knowledge of the colours which are produced by the combination of the

page_text: different colouring matters and mordants any practical dyer will know
how to proportion the same so as to produce any shade desired.
For fixing some of the aniline dyes, such as magenta and Hofmann's
violet (mono-bi or tri-methylros aniline) tannic acid should be used as
mordant.
The chemical principle involved in this mode of dyeing is the precipi-
tation of matters within the
by passing the cotton through
solutions capable of yielding a precipitate by the action of ammoniacal
gas.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of this our said
Invention, together with the manner in which the same is to be per-
formed or carried into effect, we would have it understood that what we
claim is,―
Firstly. The subjecting of cotton yarn or thread to the action of a
bath of ammoniacal vapour after it has passed through solutions of dye,
as before described.
Secondly. The peculiar adaptation of the well known tape sizing
machine for the above purpose by the application of the vessels for the
dye liquor and the ammoniacal vapour, as shewn and described.
Thirdly. We claim the construction and use of the chamber to contain
the ammoniacal vapour in manner substantial as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Dan Dawson, for and on behalf of
myself and the said Clayton Slater, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
DAN DAWSON. (L.S.)