Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 17th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 17th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
A communication from abroad by ALEXANDER TIMOTHY BROWN, of the City of
Syracuse, Onondaga County, State of New York, United States of America
Mechanical Engineer.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street Manchester both in
the County of Lancaster, & 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention consists in the several novel features of construction and operation
hereinafter described.
The following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and
operation of the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in
which-
Figure 1 is an isometrical elevation of the machine complete except that only a part
of the rock shafts and the rods connecting the rock shafts to the type bar arms are
shown.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the right hand end of the machine shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a like view of the left hand end of the machine.
Figure 4 is an elevation of part of one end of the carriage and of the frame
showing the platen or printing cylinder thrown forward up to the scale.
Figure 5 is an end elevation of a part of the carriage and of the platen showing
the opposite end to that shown in Figure 4, the parts being in the saine position.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the machine on a line from the front to the back
and showing also the crank lever for operating the brush in position.
Figure 7 is a top plan view of the machine with the platen removed.
Figure 8 is detail, enlarged, of the letter spacing ratchet with the pawl removed.
Figure 9 is an isometrical elevation of the pawl mechanism, part of the line
spacing mechanisın.
Figure 10 is a detail in isometrical elevation, showing the rock shaft connecting
rod connecting it to the type bar arm, the type bar arm, a portion of the radial slotted
type bar ring, and upon the outer end of the rock shaft, the type button and the rod
connecting it to the crank arın upon the rock shaft.
Figure 11 is a rear elevation of the right hand end of the platen showing also the
spring pawl which rotates the platen, by engaging with the ratchet upon that end of
the platen.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation enlarged, of the spring pawl shown in
Figure 11.
Figure 13 is an elevation of a part of the carriage frame at the right hand end of
the platen showing the inner face of the parts and also showing the button for
regulating the line spacing, one arm of the button being always in engagement or
in position for engagement with the spring pawl mechanism for rotating the platen.
Figure 14 is an elevation of the frame upon one end of the platen, showing the
inner face thereof, and also showing the socket carrying the spring pawl in connection
therewith.
Figure 15 is a perspective view of the paper holding clamps or fingers and the
finger bar upon which they are mounted, and the eccentric pintles upon the end of
the finger bars, and the lever upon one end of the finger bar for throwing the
finger bar eccentrically toward the platen to increase the tension of pressure of the

page_text: clamps upon the platen, or to throw the finger bar away from the platen to reduce
such pressure.
Figure 16 is a vertical section of the bell, the carriage tension mechanism, and a
part of the mechanism for regulating the length of the line.
Figure 17 is an elevation of the inner face of the rear part of the machine, the front
being broken away, showing the letter-spacing mechanism, the trip throwing the pawl
out of engagement with the escapement, the inner face of the tension wheel, the
mechanism for locking all of the levers of the rock shaft and type bars through them
when the end of the line is reached, and also the mechanism for regulating the length
of a line.
It is constructed as follows :-
A is the main frame enclosing the key rock shaft and connection, and B is the top
plate carried upon posts substantially as shown.
C is the paper carriage and D is the paper carrying roll (commonly called the
platen).
Across the front of the frame are the supporting bars provided with vertical
openings to receive the stems 2 of the finger keys or buttons 3. Each finger key is
pivotally connected with a crank upon the outer end of the rock shaft 5, there being,
in this machine, one rock shaft for each key. These supporting bars and finger keys
are arranged in steps as shown in Figure 1, and the length of the stems 2 is graduated
in length according to the height of each step above the rock shaft for each key.
The rock shafts have end bearings in the plates 6 and 7, which are respectively
upon the front of the machine under the front of each step, and at the rear in vertical
ribs in the back plate of the lower part of the frame; and the cranks 4, on each rock
shaft are at such an angle to the rock shaft that the depression of a key 3 will partially
rotate or rock the shaft connected to that key, the torsional spring 8 on each rock
shaft operating to return it to its normal position.
Each rock shaft 5 has a crank 9 or its equivalent at such part of its length as will
correspond with the position of the type lever or arm, which this rock shaft is to
operate, and each crank has a pitinan leading upward to and pivotally connected to
the short arm of the type lever.
These pitman rods are in two parts and may be lengthened or shortened by turn-
buckles 11, each pitman being marked 10 in the drawing.
The upper end of each pitman rod is connected to the short arm of the type lever 12,
by a hook 13, on the pitman passing into a hole 14 in this short arm.
The printing
characters 15 are arranged on the long arms of the levers 12, and are arranged also to
strike towards a cominon centre as usual in type writers of this class.
The ring or basket E, which supports all of the type levers depending from its lower
surface, has a series of brackets 16 arranged in radial lines so that the grooves between
the brackets are all radial. These brackets are integral with the ring E, and the
grooves between them are of a width sufficient to freely receive the type levers 12
between the brackets. This ring provided with the brackets and slots between them
constitutes the radial slotted type bar ring.
The type levers 12 may have a trunnion piece cast as at 17 integral therewith, or
may be struck out or punched from a plate. That portion of the lever above the
trunnion, as at 18 in Figure 10, is struck on a curve concentric with the trunnion.
The outer edge of the ring E comprises a series of hooks, each of which is provided
with a transverse groove, and in these grooves the trunnions 17 of the type arms fit
and have their bearing.
The pitman 10 is bent at a right angle at its upper end, and this bent portion,
whether straight or more or less curved, constitutes the hook connecting the pitman to
the outer end of the type levers.
When the pitmans are connected to the type writor, and the type levers are fitted in
the slots in the ring, the top plate B, when placed in position, will hold all the type
levers in place, the swell of the lever above the trunnion as at 18, coming up substan-
tially into contact with the bottom of the top plate so that the trunnions cannot leave
their seats.

page_text: A ring or cushion of soft metal or of any elastic material set in the lower part of the
top plate D serves to diminish the noise and jar when the type arms of the type levers
drop down.
As will be plainly seen, the depression of a finger key serves to rock its rock shaft 5,
drawing down the pitman 10 connected to that rock shaft, and raising the printing
character 15 of the type lever 12, until it strikes against the inking ribbon and
through that, against the paper carried by the platen F. The release of the finger
key permits the torsion spring 8 to restore the type lever, pitman rock shaft, and
finger key to their normal position.
Across the rear end of the frame and just inside of the back plate 7 in which the
ends of the rock shafts 5 are journalled, there is a grate 20 having cross bars 21, said
cross bars being preferably perpendicular when the rock shafts are mounted in
vertical rows, and when they are otherwise mounted, the bars of the grate should
correspond to the vertical alignment of the rock shafts, for the reason that the rock
shafts pass through the slotways between the bars of this grate.
This grate is suspended against the plate 7 by means of hooks or brackets or in any
other manner which will permit the grate to swing sidewise upon its supports.
Adjacent to the rear of these rock shafts and firmly attached thereto, there is a
stud or arm 22, preferably rounded at one side, which side has a bearing against one
of the bars 21 of the grate.
The rocking of any one of the rock shafts will therefore bring the finger upon that
shaft against the grate bar and, acting as a cam lever, will force the grate, one side
swinging it upon its supports; and when the rock shaft returns to its norinal position,
the grate will, by gravity, assume also its normal position..
A projection on 23 extends from one side of the grate 20.
The upright shaft, having bearings in the frane as at 25 and 26, has an arm 27
pivotally connected to the projection 23 of the grate by a loose pivot.
The shaft 24 bears at its top against a cross bar 28, which has one tooth 29 of the
verge mechanisin firmly attached thereto. The other tooth 30 is a spring tooth, and
is pivoted to the upper surface of the bar 28 or a projection therefrom, and is, by its
spring, pressed against the stop 31, but may be forced back so as to be held by the
other stop 32.
The shaft 24 is held by a torsion spring 33 in such position as to bring the spring
tooth 30 into engagement with a tooth of the rack 34, and the spring which draws
the carriage will draw this rack 34 along with the carriage, thus swinging the
tooth 29 back against the stop 32, where, as the tooth 30 can swing no farther, the
rack is held by said tooth. But when a key is struck, and the rock shaft rotated,
the arm 22 on the rock shaft connected to said key bearing against one of the bars 21
of the grate 20, swings said grate longitudinally or sidewise, as above described..
By means of the arm 27, connected to said grate, the shaft 24 is slightly rocked on
its axis thus carrying the tooth 29, of the escapement, into contact with the tooth on
the rack 34, and at the instant thereafter disengaging the tooth 30 from the rack.
The tooth 30 is then thrown forward by its spring until it comes against the top 31.
When the key is released, the torsion spring 33 rocks the shaft 24, (thereby moving
the grate 20 back to a normal position) and, at the same movement engages the
tooth 30 with the rack bar 34, and disengages the tooth 29.
As soon as the tooth 29 is disengaged the pressure of the rack 34 against the spring
tooth 30 forces it back against the stop 32, when the movement of the rack and
carriage ceases.
The carriage is drawn across the top plate by the spring wheel 35, driven by the
spring 36, said spring having one end attached to the gear toothed disc 37 on the
shaft 38, which shaft is pivotally supported on bearings in the frame.
The disc 37 may be turned by a worm 39 engaging with the teeth on the disc, so
as to give proper tension to the spring.
The spring wheel 35 has a belt 40 attached thereto which belt is also attached to
the paper carriage.
A disc 41 is mounted on the shaft 38 at the rear side of the spring wheel 35, fitting

page_text: loosely thereon, and provided upon its periphery with a short spur 42 and also with a
shoulder 43, and a long spur 44 adjacent to the shoulder. It is also provided with a
stud or pin 45 on its face.
Upon the shaft 38 there is mounted a washer 46 which is keyed fast. From this
shaft and dependent from the periphery of the washer is mounted the bell hammer 47,
and 48 is the bell.
The rotation of the shaft 38 rotating the disc 37 and spring wheel 35 carries
around with it the disc 41, and starting at the beginning of a line the shoulder 49 on
the rear face of the spring wheel will then be in contact with the straight face of the
shoulder 43, and at the same time the pin 45 will fit under a lug 50 on the inside face
of the hammer (shown in dotted lines in Figure 17); and then as the rotation
continues the shoulder 43 and the shoulder 49 will gradually separate until just before
the time when the alarm is to be given the shoulder 49 will abut against the spur 42,
and thenceforward the spring wheel and the disc 41 will travel together, and
simultaneuosly therewith the pin 45 will be raised lifting the hammer, and gradually
disengage from the hammer until just as the proper moment arrives for the alarm
the pin will become entirely disengaged releasing the hammer, and the hammer will
strike the bell giving a dead blow without any jingling.
The fork upon the lower end of the hammer stem 51 simply performs the function
of guiding the hammer vertically, and the invention is not limited to that precise
construction for the reason that other simple mechanisms can be adopted for the same
purpose, such as simply a weight upon the end of the stem, the principle of this part
of the invention being simply a hammer adapted to fall vertically against the bell.
Then when the carriage reverses to start a new line as the spring wheel returns to
its normal position, the spur 42 and the shoulder 49 will come together and lie
together, the range of the travel of the shoulder between the spur 42 and the
shoulder 43 representing practically or substantially the length of the line of
writing.
The bell is held in position upon the shaft 38 by the thumb screw 52, and the
disc 41 is held in frictional contact with the rear face of the spring wheel by this
thumb screw,
the strength of the contact being determined entirely by the tightness
to which the thumb screw is screwed up.
The rotation of the dise 41 is graduated so that when the end of a line is reached,
the spur 44 will come into contact with the lug 53 on the stop rod 54, which rod has
bearings in the upper plate of the machine, and will lift that rod and the rod being
connected to the lock hook 55, that hook will hook over a pin 56 on the grate or one
of its bars, and this will lock the grate against all movements and so that it cannot
swing, and this locking of the grate will lock every one of the keys and rock shafts
against any movement and against any operation of any of them, and they will remain
locked so long as the spur 44 lifts and holds up the stop rod 54, and then the reversal
of the carriage will withdraw the spur 44, from the lug 53, and then the hook 55 will,
by gravity, disengage itself from the pin 56, unlocking the grate and thereby
unlocking every rock shaft and finger key.
At each end of the machine there is a ribbon spool 57, the one at the left hand side
being loose upon the shaft 38, and the one at the right hand of the machine being
mounted upon a shaft 58, which has its bearings in the posts at that end of the
machine.
A ribbon shield 59 consisting of a thin plate of metal bent over at the edges 60
to protect the ribbon edge, is formed in the shape of a yoke at the lower end wide
enough to embrace the spool and provided with perforations fitting over the spool
shaft on each side of the spool, and to the top thereof, is connected a spring 61,
one end of which is secured to the frame of the machine.
To the lower part of the shield and adjacent to the cross bar of the yoke, is
secured an auxiliary yoke, the yoke of which fits over a stud upon the inner face
of the crank 63, the lower end of which is secured to a rock shaft 64 extending
transversely across the machine, and having its bearings in the sides thereof, so
that, by means of the rock shaft and the crank arms on each end of it and the

page_text: auxiliary pieces for each spool, both spools and both ribbon shields are connected
together.
Upon the shaft 38 is secured a spiral or cam 65, the outside diameter of which
is greater than the diameter of the flange of the spool, and the inner diameter is
a little less, and in the outer end is cut a notch which fits over the edge of the
flange of the spool, so that, when the shaft 38 is rotated simultaneously with the
carriage spring shield, by the operation of a finger key and its rock shaft as herein-
before described, the cam 65 rotates with the shaft, and the inner edge of the spiral
fitting over the flange of the spool draws the spool forward upon the shaft 38,
carrying with it the ribbon shield, and through the auxiliary yoke rocks the rock
shaft 64, and this rocking motion and spool sliding are transmitted to the spool from
the other side of the machine, and thus both spools slide simultaneously and equally
toward the front of the machine with the operation of the finger key lever. In
this manner the type bars print in a direct line across the face of the ribbon, and
not longitudinally to the ribbon as has heretofore been the case in this class of
machines.
Upon the rear end of each of the spools, the flange is bent over outwardly, and a
ratchet is cut upon the bent edge thereof, as shown at 66.
67 is a pawl pivotally mounted upon a screw 68, fitting loosely through the
slot 69 in the pawl, and the point of one of these pawls is always in engagement
with this ratchet, as shown in Figure 2 on one end of the machine, or in Figure 3
upon the other end of the machine, but both pawls are not in engagement at the
same time. The lower end of each pawl is enlarged or weighted so that the pawl,
when this point is upward, will stand at its norinal position in the manner shown in
Figures 2 and 3.
When the pawl 67 is in proper position for engagement with the rack or
ratchet 66, the lower end of the pawl rests against a stop 70 on the rear post of the
machine.
Then when the keys are operated and the spools slide simultaneously toward the
front of the machine the pawls both become disengaged from the ratchet and
remain so disengaged while the rest of the line is being completed; and then as the
carriage reverses and this reversal causes the spools to slide back toward the rear
of the machine, when they are a certain distance back the pawl will engage with the
ratchet, and then as the movement of the spool continues, the pawl is swung upon
its pivot, throwing the outer end of the pawl upward, and thus rotating the spool a
distance proportional to the upward rise of the point of the pawl, and this rotation
of the spool is equivalent to the width of a row of characters.
This mechanism constitutes the ribbon feed, feeding the ribbon longitudinally the
width of one letter at each movement of the carriage, and this, in combination with
the printing of the characters crosswise of the ribbon, enables the operator to use the
whole ribbon without any curling, and the ribbon will wear nuch longer and do
better work; and he is also enabled to keep the ribbon substantially taut while in
A friction brake can be applied to the spools, if desired.
use.
The paper carriage C is supported on the top plate of the frame by balls running in
a groove or guide at the rear side of the carriage, and by a ball running in a groove
under the front bar of the carriage, substantially as described in a former applica-
tion in this country, which application was filed on the 3rd day of January 1888,
No. 72, hence the same is not specially described.
The front bar of the carriage frame fits under a flange on the gib 71, and this
holds the front of the carriage upon the machine, the gib being secured to the top
plate of the frame. This gib also carries the index point or finger 72, and this
finger is located directly in front of the striking position of the type and thus
points out on the scale the position opposite in which the type will strike the paper.
The scale 73 is secured upon the front of the carriage and runs in close proximity
to the underside of the finger 72, and the scale thereon being numbered, the finger
will always designate the number of the character to be written with the next move-
ment of operation of a finger key.

page_text: f
'
The paper roll or platen D is hung in a cradle having two end pieces 74 which
have pins 75, engaging with the hooks 76 on the end bars 77. The cradle with the
curved plate hung on a rod 79 connecting the two end pieces 74 also has a rod 80
connecting the two end pieces. This rod 80 carries the curved fingers 81 which
bear on the paper sheet by means of anti-friction rolls 82; the rod is hung in
plates 74 by eccentric pintles 83 and has a small handle 84 attached, the rod 80 is
free to turn in the sockets of the fingers 81 and when so turned by means of the
handle 84 will move the curved fingers 81 nearer to or further away from the paper
roll thus clamping the paper more or less tightly against the roll.
The middle finger 85 is a little shorter than the end fingers so that the type
cannot strike its lower end, and it can be adjusted lengthwise of the shaft and of
the paper roll so as to hold postal cards, short sheets of paper etcetera.
The rod 80 will always reinain parallel with the axis of the paper roll D, but by
reason of its eccentric pintles can be adjusted at varying distances therefrom so as
to clamp thicker or thinner sheets.
The hooks 76 on the end bars or levers 77 are pressed downward by springs 80,
engaging the levers 77 beyond their pivots 88, the levers 77 being pivoted to the
paper carriage at 88.
The axles 89 of the paper roll rest on bearings or slide ways 90 having an open
top and hooks 91 and 92 at each end of side slide way.
When the shaft 89 is pressed to the rear as in Figure 1, the downward pressure
of the hook 76 will hold the roll back, but when the axle or shaft 89 is moved
forward along the ways 89, past a perpendicular from the hook 76, the downward
pressure of the hook 76 will tend to throw the roll D forward until the shaft enters
the hooks 91 and 92.
When it is desirable to lift the roll from the carriage it is only necessary to draw
it forward nearly to the position to engage the axle 89 with the hook 91 and then
lift the roll upward. The roll and cradle will then be lifted from the carriage
turning on the pins 75 as a centre until far enough removed to detach these pins
from the hooks 76.
In returning the roll enters pins 75 in hooks 76 and lifts the hook 76 until the
shaft or axle 89 swings into place on the ways 90.
By taking hold of the projecting end of the axle 89 upon either end of the platen,
the roll is moved forward along the ways 90, to bring the writing thereon into
position to be seen alongside of the scale 73 on the carriage, and can be pushed back
therefrom to the proper position for writing by reversing the movement.
As the side feed of the ribbon causes the ink to be taken by the types from a
portion of the surface extending in a straight line across the ribbon, and as the move-
iment of the ribbon lengthwise by the drawing back of the carriage is equal to the
type, it follows that the printing of successive lines exhaust the ribbon about equally
of its ink.
The
power
mechanism connected with the spring wheel or having equivalent relation
thereto may be any known equivalent of the cam.
The ribbon carrier consists of the spool, guide frames and their supports.
The sidewise movement of the belt or ribbon can be positive in both directions from
the carriage, or from any other part of the machine. So far as the inventor is aware,
he is the first to devise a mechanism for shifting the ribbon and its carrier laterally
thus exhausting a section straight across the ribbon before moving it lengthwise by
means of the pawl or spool shifter.
The rocking of the paper roll forward without raising the carriage enables the
operator to inspect the work quickly, and while the roll is thus forward the carriage
may be shifted to any desired position, the index finger 72 always pointing to the
place on the roll where the printing will begin when the roll is pressed back so as to
be in position to receive the impression.
The arrangement by which a single index is made to show accurately the position
of a letter on a sheet, both as to alignment and justification, is believed to be broadly
rew.

page_text: The mechanism is susceptible of many modifications and several have already been
devised by the inventor which are considered the equivalents of the mechanisın herein-
before described.
One of the spool shafts as 58 has a handle or crank 93 by which it may be turned
The spiral
and wind the spool on that shaft if said spool be splined to the shaft.
spring in the spring wheel 35 has one end attached to said wheel thus making this
wheel the power wheel for moving the paper carriage.
The other end of the spring is connected to the gear wheel 37 or to a hub thereon,
said gear being mounted on the shaft 58. A shaft 94, parallel with the shaft 58, and
journalled in the posts of the frane, has a pinion or worm or trundle 95 in position
to engage the teeth of the gear 37. By turning the shaft 94 the tension of the spring
may be regulated.
The shaft 94 will be held in its bearings with such friction as to prevent its turning
to unwind the spring.
The type levers 12 are pivoted at 96 in the basket as usual in machines of this
class. The type or printing characters 97 are attached or formed on the lever at the
inner end thereof at the end of a curved piece or goose neck 98, which is integral with
the type lever. This goose neck affords great facility for adjusting the position of the
printing character thereon, in aligning the machine, as the metal of the goose neck
will give enough to permit the aligning of the printing characters without changing
the position of the pivots 96.
In drawing the carriage back after the completion of a line, the handle 99 is operated
by swinging it outward to the right. This handle is mounted as a crank upon a
shaft 100 which is journalled in bearings on top of the carriage frame, and adjacent
to the rear end of the shaft a tube 101 is secured, provided with a notch 102 in the
side next to the platen, and in this tube is mounted the spring pawl 103 in such a
manner that when the shaft 100 is rotated the point of the spring pawl will be thrown
into engagement with a tooth of the ratchet 104, and the continuance of the rotation
of the shaft will rotate the platen the space of the distance between two lines of
printing.
To regulate the space between the lines of printing and to change the machine
from printing the lines on full space to half space, or vice versa, the button 105, which
is pivotally mounted upon the carriage frame beneath the pawl, is used, which button
is provided with a long arın 106, and a short arın 107, and when the short arm of the
button is uppermost as shown in Figure 11 then the depression of the pawl will
continue until the button engages with the notch 102, and is stopped thereby, and
this will rotate the platen the distance of the full space, and then to change the
machine to half space the button is shifted so that the long arin is uppermost as shown
in Figure 12 and this will reduce the throw of the pawl, so that the carriage platen
will only rotate one half of the distance which it rotates when the short arm of the
button is uppermost.
This button also, whichever arm is uppermost, operates as a dead stop to the platen
and prevents any vibration thereof or any rocking in its bearings.
When it is desired to shift the carriage in either direction a short distance without
5 using the space keys or the lever or the lever handle 99, the operator presses in ward
upon the button 108, projecting beyond the front of the inain fraine and connected to
a shaft passing through the front of the frame and back to a slot 109, through which
it is connected to the lever 110 which is pivoted upon the screw 111, and the other
arm of this lever is connected to the rod 112, which in turn is connected to a crank
O integral with the yoke 113 adjacent to its bearing 114, upon the escapement shaft, so
that when the button is pushed in operating this lever mechanism the front of the
yoke is raised drawing the tooth on the underside of the yoke out of engagement with
the rack bar 115 mounted upon the rear of the carriage frame upon the screw
pins 16, which pins pass through the slots 117 in the rack bar into the top of the
5 carriage frame, and when these parts are so disengaged the carriage can be moved in
either direction without reference to the escapement.
"

page_text: Upon the top of the rack bar the gauge 118 is mounted adjustably, by means of
the set screw 119 passing through an arm of the gauge and into a slot 120 in the rack
bar, so that it can be adjusted at any point by loosening and tightening the set screw
along in the slotway.
The inner end of this gauge is bevelled as at 121 so that as the carriage is moved
back to the starting point the bevel will encounter the arın 122 on the yoke 113, and
will raise the front side of the yoke out of engagement with the rack bar 115, and
when the arm 122 has reached the top of the bevel 121, the carriage will stop,
and thus this gauge will regulate the starting point, or beginning of each line of
printing.
And as soon as the pressure is released upon the carriage, a slight reaction of the
carriage will occur,sufficient to cause the arm122 to slide down the bevel or incline 121
and assume its normal position at the bottom of the bevel, and then the tooth on the
yoke will again come into engagement with the rack bar, and the rack bar and the
escapement are again ready for operation as herein before described.
Upon the inside of the back plate of the frame the bracket 123 is mounted, and
upon this bracket an arın 124 is mounted projecting horizontally out below the basket
and below the lower end of the type bars. This arm may be either a straight bar or
a flat disc, or may be cup shaped, as shown in Figure 6, and through this arm, and in
direct vertical alignment with the striking point of the type arius, the arm 124 if
perforated with a threaded hole, and in this hole I place the screw 125.
Upon the shank of the screw is mounted the brush 126 of circular form, the body
of the brush being sinaller than the circle formed by the lower ends of the type arins
in their depressed position and the bristles of the brush form a circle somewhat larger
than the said typo arm circle.
The upper end of the screw or shaft, 125, is squared off or otherwise adapted to fit
into the socket of the crank 127, or otherwise adapted to be connected thereto, in such
manner that by turning the crank the brush will rotate, and by the operation of the
screw on the shaft 125, the brush will be raised upward while rotating, through the
circle of the type arms brushing the type one way, and then as the rotation of
the brush is reversed the screw carries it down through the circle of the type arms
brushing them the other way until the brush assumes its normal position as shown in
Figure 6 below the type arm circle.
When a cup arın 124 is used it can be provided with an enlarged circular flanged
rin 128, and upon the inside of this rim a cushion 129 can be placed against which
the type arins will drop and lie in their depressed condition. Another advantage of
using the arm in the form of a cup, besides enclosing the brush, is that all of the
dust and grit brushed off the type will fall into the cup and not into the working
parts of the machine, especially the rock shafts, the bottom of this cup on the inside
may be either flat or slanting froin the outside towards the centre and also perforated,
the perforations being so placed that the dirt and grit escaping therefrom will fall down
between two of the rows of rock shafts.
Dated this 16th day
A
וי
1000
Improvements in Type-writing Machines,
A communication from abroad by ALEXANDER TIMOTHY BROWN of the City of
Syracuse, Onondaga County, State of New York, United States of America,
Mechanical Engineer.
I WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S. M.LM.E. of the Agency for Foreign Patent
Solicitors 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, 6 Bank Street Manchester both in the County of
Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do

page_text: hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The invention consists in the several novel features of construction and operation
hereinafter described and which are specifically set forth in the claims annexed.
The following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation
of the invention, reference being had to the drawings filed with the provisional
specification, in which
Figure 1 is an isometrical elevation of the machine complete except that only a
part of the rock shafts and the rods connecting the rock shafts to the type bar arms
are shown.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the right hand end of the machine shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a like view of the left hand end of the machine.
Figure 4 is an elevation of part of one end of the carriage end of the frame
showing the platen or printing cylinder thrown forward up to the scale.
Figure 5 is an end elevation of a part of the carriage and of the platen showing
the opposite end to that shown in figure 4, the parts being in the same position.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the machine on a line from the front to the back
and showing also the crank lever for operating the brush in position.
Figure 7 is detail, enlarged, of the letter spacing ratchet with the pawl removed.
Figure 8 is a top plan view of the machine with the platen removed.
Figure 9 is an isometrical elevation of the pawl mechanism, part of the line spacing
mechanism.
Figure 10 is a detail in isometrical elevation, showing the rock shaft connecting rod
connecting it to the type bar arm, the type bar arm, a portion of the radial slotted
type bar ring, and upon the outer end of the rock shaft, the type button and the rod
connecting it to the crank arın upon the rock shaft.
Figure 11 is a rear elevation of the right hand end of the platen showing also the
spring pawl which rotates the platen, by engaging with the ratchet upon that end of
the platen.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation enlarged, of the spring pawl shown in Figure 11.
Figure 13 is an elevation of a part of the carriage frame at the right hand end of
the platen showing the inner face of the parts and also showing the button for
regulating the line spacing, one arm of the button being always in engagement or
in position for engagement with the spring pawl mechanism for rotating the platen.
Figure 14 is an elevation of the frame upon one end of the platen, showing the
inner face thereof, and also showing the socket carrying the spring pawl in connection
therewith.
Figure 15 is a perspective view of the paper holding clamps or figures and the
finger bar upon which they are mounted, and the eccentric pintles upon the end of
the finger bars, and the lever upon one end of the finger bar for throwing the finger
bar eccentrically toward the platen to increase the tension of pressure of the
clamps upon the platen, or to throw the finger bar away from the platen to reduce
such pressure.
Figure 16 is a vertical section of the bell, the carriage tension mechanism, and a
part of the mechanism for regulating the length of the line.
Figure 17 in an elevation of the inner face of the rear part of the machine, the front
being broken away, showing the letter-spacing mechanism, the trip throwing the pawl
out of engagement with the escapement, the inner face of the tension wheel, the
mechanisin for locking all of the levers of the rock shaft and type bars through them
when the end of the line is reached, and also the mechanism for regulating the length
of a line.
It is constructed as follows:
:-
A is the main frame enclosing the key rock shaft and connection, and B is the top
plate carried upon posts substantially as shown.

page_text: C is the paper carriage and D is the paper carrying roll (commonly called, the
platen).
Across the front of the frame are the supporting bars provided with vertical
openings to receive the stems 2 of the finger keys or buttons 3. Each finger key is
pivotally connected with a crank upon the outer end of the rock shaft 5, there being,
in this machine, one rock shaft for each key. These supporting bars and finger keys
are arranged in steps as shown in Figure 1, and the length of the stems 2 is graduated
according to the height of each step above the rock shaft for each key.
The rock shafts 5 have end bearings in the plates 6 and 7, which are respectively
upon the front of the machine under the front of each step, and at the rear in vertical
ribs in the back plate of the lower part of the frame; and the cranks 4, on each rock
shaft are at such an angle to the rock shaft that the depression of a key 3 partially
rotate or rock the shaft connected to that key, the tortional spring 8 on each rock
shaft operating to return it to its normal position.
Each rock shaft 5 has a crank 9 or its equivalent at such part of its length as will
correspond with the position of the type lever or arin, which this rock shaft is to
operate, and each crank has a pitinan leading upward to and pivotally connected to
the short arin of the type lever.
These pitman rods are in two parts and may be lengthened or shortened by turn-
buckles 11, each pitman being marked 10 in the drawing.
The upper end of each pitinan rod is connected to the short arm of the type
lever 12, by a hook 13, on the pitman passing into a hole 14 in this short arm. The
printing characters 15 are arranged on the long arms of the levers 12, and are
arranged also to strike towards a common centre as usual in type writers of this
class.
The ring or basket E, which supports all of the type levers depending from its
lower surface, has a series of brackets 16 arranged in radial lines so that the grooves
between the brackets are all radial. These brackets are integral with the ring E, and
the grooves between them are of a width sufficient to freely receive the type levers
between the brackets. This ring provided with the brackets and slots between them
constitutes the radial slotted type bar ring.
The type levers 12 may have a trunnion piece cast as at 17 integral therewith, or
inay be struck out or punched from a plate. That portion of the lever above
the trunnion, as at 18 in Figure 10, is struck on a curve concentric with the
trunnion.
The outer edge of the ring E comprises a series of hooks, each of which is provided
with a transverse groove, and in these grooves the trunnions 17 of the type ar.ns fit
and have their bearing.
The pitman 10 is bent at a right angle at its upper end, and this bent portion,
whether straight or more or less curved, constitutes the hook connecting the pitman
to the outer end of the type levers.
t
"
When the pitinans are connected to the type writer, and the type levers are fitted in
the slots in the ring, the top plate B, when placed in position, will hold all the type
levers in place, the swell of the lever above the trunnion as at 18, coming up
substantially into contact with the bottom of the top plate so that the trunnions cannot
leave their sents.
A ring or cushion of soft metal or of any elastic material set in the lower part of
the top plate D serves to diminish the noise and jar when the type arms of the type
levers drop down.
As will be plainly seen, the depression of a finger key serves to rock its rock
shaft 5, drawing down the pitinan 10 connected to that rock shaft, and raising the
printing character 15 of the type lever 12, until it strikes against the inking ribbor
and through that, against the paper carried by the platen F. The release of the finge
key permits the torsion spring 8 to restore the type lever, pitinan rock shaft, and
finger key to their normal position.
Across the rear end of the frame and just inside of the back plate 7 in which the end

page_text: of the rock shafts 5 are journalled, there is a grate 20 having cross bars 21, said cross
bars being preferably perpendicular when the rock shafts are mounted in vertical
rows, and when they are otherwise mounted, the bars of the grate should correspond
to the vertical alignment of the rock shafts, for the reason that the rock shafts pass
through the slotways between the bars of this grate.
This grate is suspended against the plate 7 by means of hooks or brackets or
in any other manner which will permit the grate to swing sidewise upon its
supports.
Adjacent to the rear of these rock shafts and firmly attached thereto, there is a stud
or arın 22, preferably rounded at one side, which side has a bearing against one of the
bars 21 of the grate.
The rocking of any one of the rock shafts will therefore bring the finger upon that
shaft against the grate bar and, acting as a cam lever, will forco the grate, one side
swinging it upon its supports; and when the rock shaft returns to its normal position,
the grate will, by gravity, assume also its normal position.
The upright shaft, having bearings in the frame as at 25 and 26, is pivotally con-
nected at its lower end to one arm of the crank 27 which crank is pivoted upon the
screw 23 which passes through one of the slots in the grate 20 and then whenever
the grate is swung the arm 27 of the crank is thrown down drawing the shaft 24
down into engagement with the next tooth upon the escapement rack pinion 28
mounted upon a shaft 31 journalled upon the top plate.
The verge 29 is also mounted upon the same shaft, and consists of two bevel toothed
wheels, their teeth alternating,and the escapement bar 30 has on its under side a tooth
adapted to engage with the teeth of the verge successively, as the verge and the rack
pinion are rotated the distance of one tooth, by the return of the grate to its normal
position, which raises the shaft 24 the proper distance, the bar 30 operating by gravity
to bring its tooth into engagement.
This rotation of the verge causes the verge tooth, on the left in Figure 7, to release
the tooth upon the rack bar 34 which is then in engagement with it, and then the
spring wheel 35 draws the carriage across until the next rack tooth strikes against
the back of the verge wheel on the right and stops the carriage.
The carriage is drawn across the top plate by the spring wheel 35, driven by the
spring 36, said spring having one end attached to the gear toothed disc 37 on the
shaft 38, which shaft is pivotally supported on bearings in the frame.
The disc 37 may be turned by a pinion upon the rear end of the shaft 39 engaging
with the disc, the shaft being rotated by a crank upon its outer end.
The spring wheel 35 has a belt 40 attached to the paper carriage.
A disc 41 is mounted on the shaft 38 at the rear side of the spring wheel 35,
fitting loosely thereon, and provided upon its periphery with a short spur 43 and also
with a shoulder 42, and a long spur 44 adjacent to the shoulder. It is also provided
with a stud or pin 45 on its face.
Upon the shaft 38 there is mounted a washer 46 which is keyed fast. From this
shaft and dependent from the periphery of the washer is mounted the bell hammer 47,
and 48 is the bell.
-
The rotation of the spring wheel 35 by the spring, as the keys are successively
operated, likewise rotates the disc 41; and starting at the beginning of a line, the
stud 49, on the rear face of the spring, will then be in contact with the front, or
straight face, of the spur 43, and, at the same time, the pin 45, standing on the face
of the disc 41, and lying under the shoulder 50 on the inside face of the hammer,
(shown by the dotted lines in Figure 17) and then supporting the hammer, is carried
around with the disc; and as the rotation continues, the spur 43 and shoulder 49 will
gradually separate until just before the time when the aların is to be given, the
shoulder 49 will abut against the shoulder 42, and thenceforward the spring wheel
and the disc 41 will travel together, and simultaneously therewith the pin 45 will be
raised, lifting the haminer, and gradually disengage from the hammer until just as
the proper monent arrives for the alarm, the pin will become entirely disengaged,

page_text: releasing the hammer,and the hammer will strike the bell,giving a dead blow, without
any jingling.
The fork upon the lower end of the haminer stem 51 simply performs the function
of guiding the hammer vertically, and the invention is not limited to that precise con-
struction, for the reason that other simple mechanism can be adopted for the same
purpose, such as simply a weight upon the end of the stem, the principle of this part
of the invention being simply a hammer adapted to fall vertically against the bell.
Then when the carriage reverses to start a new line as the spring wheel returns to
its normal position, the spur 43 and the shoulder 49 will come together and lie
together, the range of the travel of the shoulder between the spur 43 and the
shoulder 42 representing practically or substantially the length of the line of writing.
The bell is held in position upon the shaft 38 by the thumb screw 52, and the disc 41
is held in frictional contact with the rear face of the spring wheel by this thumb screw,
the strength of the contact being determined entirely by the tightness to which the
thumb screw is screwed up.
The rotation of the disc 41 is graduated so that when the end of a line is reached,
the spur 44 will come into contact with the lug 53 on the stop rod 54, which rod has
bearings in the upper plate of the machine, and will lift that rod and the rod being
connected to the lock hook 55, that hook will hook over a pin 56 on the grate or one of
its bars, and this will lock the grate against all movements and so that it cannot swing,
and this locking of the grate will lock every one of the keys and rock shafts against
any movement and against any operation of any of them and they will remain locked
so long as the spur 44 lifts and holds up the stop rod 54, and then the reversal of the
carriage will withdraw the spur 44, from the lug 53, and then the hook 55 will, by
gravity, disengage itself from the pin 56, unlocking the grate and thereby unlocking
every rock shaft and finger key.
At each end of the machine there is a ribbon spool 57, the one at the left hand side
being loose upon the shaft 38, and the one at the right hand of the machine being
mounted upon a shaft 58,which has its bearings in the posts at the end of the machine.
The ribbon shield and guide 59 (Figure 2) consists of a thin plate of metal having
its upper end bent over at the edges 60 (Figure 8) between which the ribbon travels
and is guided, and provided with downwardly projecting legs standing parallel to each
other and perforated at their lower ends to fit over the spool shaft, the spool fitting
between the legs, and so that as the spool travels longitudinally upon the shaft, its
guide is carried along to and fro by the spool, as hereinafter described. The edges 60
are connected, under the ribbon, by a flat cross bar, which also connects the upper
ends of the legs.
To the lower part of the shield and adjacent to the cross bar of the guide, is secured.
an auxiliary yoke 62, the yoke slot of which fits over a stud upon the inner face of the
crank 63, the lower end of which is secured to a rock shaft 64 extending transversely
across the machine, and having its bearings in the sides thereof, so that, by means of
the rock shaft and the crank arms on each end of it and the auxiliary pieces for each
spool, both spools and both ribbon shields are connected together.
Upon the shaft 38 is secured a spiral or cam 65, the outside diameter of which is
greater than the diameter of the flange of the spool, and the inner diameter is a little
less, and in the outer end is cut a notch which fits over the edge of the flange of the
spool, so that, when the shaft 38 is rotated simultaneously with the carriage spring
shield, by the operation of a finger key and its rock shaft as herein before described,
the cam 65 rotates with the shaft, and the inner edge of the spiral fitting over the
flange of the spool draws the spool forward upon the shaft 38, carrying with it the
ribbon shield, and through the auxiliary yoke rocks the rock shaft 64, and this
rocking motion and spool sliding are transmitted to the spool from the other side of
the machine, and thus both spools slide simultaneously and equally toward the front
of the machine with the operation of the finger key lever. In this manner the type
bars print in a direct line across the face of the ribbon, and not longitudinally to the
ribbon as has heretofore been the case in this class of machines.

page_text: Upon the rear end of each of the spools, the flange is bent over outwardly, and a
ratchet is cut upon the bent edge thereof, as shown at 66.
67 is a pawl pivotally mounted upon a screw 68, fitting loosely through the slot 69
in the pawl, and the point of one of these pawls is always in engagement with this
ratchet, as shown in Figure 2 on one end of the machine; or in Figure 3 upon the
other end of the machine, but both pawls are not in engagement at the same time.
The lower end of each pawl is enlarged or weighted so that the pawl, when the point
is upward, will stand at its normal position in the manner shown in Figures 2 and 3.
When the pawl 67 is in proper position for engagement with the rack or
ratchet 66, the lower end of the pawl rests against a stop 70 on the rear part of
the machine.
Then when the keys are operated and the spools slide simultaneously toward the
front of the machine the pawl becomes disengaged from the ratchet and remains so
disengaged while the rest of the line is being completed; and then as the carriago
reverses and this reversal causes the spools to slide back toward the rear of the
machine, when they are a certain distance back, the pawl will engage with the ratchet,
and then as the movement of the spool continues, the pawl is swung upon its pivot,
throwing the outer end of the pawl upward, and thus rotating the spool a distance
proportional to the upward rise of the point of the pawl, and this rotation of the spool
is equivalent to the width of a row of characters, and draws the ribbon that distance
off from one spool, winding it onto the other.
This mechanism constitutes the ribbon feed, feeding the ribbon longitudinally the
width of one letter at each backward movement of the carriage, and this, in combina-
tion with the printing of the characters crosswise of the ribbon, enables the operator to
use the whole ribbon without any curling, and the ribbon will wear much longer and
do better work; and he is also enabled to keep the ribbon substantially taut while in
use. A friction brake can be applied to the spools, if desired.
The paper carriage C is supported on the top plate of the frame by balls running
in a groove or guide at the rear side of the carriage, and by a ball running in a groove
under the front bar of the carriage, substantially as described in a former application
in this country, which application was filed on the 3rd day of January 1888 and
numbered 72 hence the same is not specially described.
The front bar of the carriage frame fits under a flange on the gib 71 and this holds
the front of the carriage upon the machine, the gib being secured to the top plate
of the frame. This gib also carries the index point or finger 72 and this finger is
located directly in front of the striking position of the type and thus points out on the
scale the position opposite in which the type will strike the paper.
The scale 73 is secured upon the front of the carriage and runs in close proximity
to the under side of the finger 72, and the scale therein being numbered, the finger
will always designate the number of the character to be written with the next inove-
ment or operation of a finger key.
The paper roll or platen D is hung in a cradle having two end pieces 74 which have
pins 75, engaging with the hooks 76 on the end bars 77. The cradle with the curved
plate hung on a rod 79 connecting the two end pieces 74 also has a rod 80 connecting
the two end pieces. This rod 80 carries the curved fingers 81 which bear on the
paper sheet by means of anti-friction rolls 82; the rod is hung in plates 74 by
eccentric pintles 83 and has a small handle 84 attached, the rod 80 is free to turn in
the sockets of the fingers 81 and when so turned by means of the handle 84 will move
the curved fingers 81 nearer to or further away from the paper roll thus clamping the
paper more or less tightly against the roll.
The middle finger 85 is a little shorter than the end fingers so that the type cannot
strike its lower end, and it can be adjusted lengthwise of the shaft and of the paper
roll so as to hold postal cards, short sheets of paper etcetera.
The rod 80 will always remain parallel with the axis of the paper roll D, but by
reason of its eccentric pintles can be adjusted at varying distances therefrom so as to
clamp thicker or thinner sheets.
The hooks 76 on the end bars or levers 77 are pressed downward by springs 86,

page_text: Fig. 5, engaging the levers 77 beyond their pivots 88, the levers 77 being pivoted to
the paper carriage at 88.
The axles 89 of the paper roll rest on bearings or slide ways 90 having an open top
and hooks 91 and 92 at each end of side slide way.
When the shaft 89 is pressed to the rear as in Figure 1, the downward pressure of
the hook 76 will hold the roll back, but when the axle or shaft 89 is moved forward
long the ways 90, past a perpendicular from the hook 76, the downward pressure
of the hook 76 will tend to throw the roll D forward until the shaft enters the
hooks 91.
When it is desirable to lift the roll from the carriage it is only necessary to draw
it forward nearly to the position to engage the axle 89 with the hook 91 and then lift
the roll upward. The roll and cradle will then be lifted from the carriage turning on
the pins 75 as a centre until far enough removed to detach these pins from the
hooks 76.
In returning the roll enters pins 75 in hooks 76 and lifts the hook 76 until the
shaft or axle 89 swings into place on the ways 90.
By taking hold of the projecting end of the axle 89 upon either end of the platen,
the roll is moved forward along the ways 90, to bring the writing thereon into position
to be seen alongside of the scale 73 on the carriage, and can be pushed back there-
from to the proper position for writing by reversing the movement.
As the side feed of the ribbon causes the ink to be taken by the types from a portion
of the surfaces extending in a straight line across the ribbon, and as the movement of
the ribbon lengthwise by the drawing back of the carriage is equal to the type, it
follows that the printing of successive linen exhausts the ribbon about equally of its
ink.
The power mechanism connected with the spring wheel or having equivalent
relation thereto may be any known equivalent of the cam.
The ribbon carrier consists of the spool, guide frames and their supports.
The sidewise movement, of the belt or ribbon can be positive in both directions from
the carriage, or from any other part of the machine. So far as the inventor is aware
he is the first to devise a mechanism for shifting the ribbon and its carried laterally thus
exhausting a section straight across the ribbon before moving it lengthwise by means
of the pawl or spool shifter.
The rocking of the paper roll, forward without raising the carriage enables the
operator to inspect the work quickly, and while the roll is thus forward the carriage
inay be shifted to any desired position, the index finger 72 always pointing to the
place on the roll where the printing will begin when the roll is pressed back so as to
be in position to receive the impression.
The arrangement by which a single index is made to show accurately the position
of a letter on a sheet, both as to alignment and justification, is believed to be
broadly new.
The mechanism is susceptible of many modifications and several have already been
devised by the inventor, which are considered the equivalents of the mechanism
herein before described.
One of the spool shafts as 58 has a handle or crank 93 by which it may be
turned and wind the spool on that shaft if said spool be splined to the shaft. The
spiral spring in the spring wheel 35 has one end attached to said wheel thus making
this wheel the power wheel for moving the paper carriage.
The other end of the spring is connected to the gear wheel 37 or to a hub
thereon, said gear being mounted on the shaft 58. A shaft 94, parallel with the
shaft 58, and journalised in the posts of the frame, has a pinion. or worm or
trundle 95 in position to engage the teeth of the gear 37. By turning the shaft 94
the tension of the spring may be regulated.
The shaft 94 will be held in its bearings with such friction as to prevent its
turning to unwind the spring.
The type levers 12 are pivoted at 17 in the basket as usual in machines of this
The type or printing characters 15 are attached or formed on the lever at
class.

page_text: the inner end thereof at the end of a curved piece or goose neck 13, which is
integral with the type lever. This goose neck affords great facility for adjusting
the position of the printing character thereon, in aligning the machine, as the metal
of the goose neck will give enough to permit the aligning of the printing characters
without changing the position of the pivots 17.
In drawing the carriage back after the completion of a line, the handle 99 is
operated by swinging it outward to the right. This handle is mounted as a crank
upon a shaft 100 which is journalled in bearings on top of the carriage fraine, and
adjacent to the rear end of the shaft a tube 101 is secured, provided with a notch 102
in the side next to the platen, and in this tube is mounted the spring pawl 103 in
such a manner that when the shaft 100 is rotated the point of the spring pawl will
be thrown into engagement with a tooth of the ratchet 104, and the continuance of
the rotation of the shaft will rotate the platen the space of the distance between two
lines of printing.
To regulate the space between the lines of printing and to change the machine
from printing the lines on full space to half space, or vice versa, the button 105, which
is pivotally mounted upon the carriage frame beneath the pawl, is used, which button
is provided with a long arın 106, and a short arm 107, and when the short arm of
the button is uppermost as shown in Figure 13 then the depression of the pawl will
continue until the button engages with the notch 102, and is stopped thereby, and
this will rotate the platen the distance of the full space, and then to change the
machine to half space the button is shifted so that the long arm is uppermost as shown
in Figure 12 and this will reduce the throw of the pawl, so that the carriage platen
will only rotate one half of the distance which it rotates when the short arin of the
button is upperinost.
This button also, whichever end is uppermost, operates as a dead stop to the platen
and prevents any vibration thereof or any rocking in its bearings.
When it is desired to shift the carriage in either direction a short distance
without using the space keys or the lever or the lever handle 99, the operator presses
inward upon the button 108, projecting beyond the front of the main frame and
connected to a shaft passing through the front of the frame and back to a slot 109,
through which it is connected to the lever 110 which is pivoted upon the screw 111,
and the other arm of this lever is connected to the rod 112, which in turn is
connected to a crank integral with the yoke 113 adjacent to its bearing 114, upon
the escapement shaft, so that when the button is pushed in operating this lever
mechanism the front of the yoke is raised drawing the tooth on the underside of the
yoke out of the engagement with the rack bar 115 mounted upon the rear of the
carriage frame upon the screw pins 116, which pins pass through the slots 117 in
the rack bar into the top of the carriage frame, and when these parts are 80
disengaged the carriage can be moved in either direction without reference to the
escapement.
Upon the top of the rack bar the gauge 118 is mounted adjustably, by means of
the set screw 119 passing through an arin of the gauge and into a slot 120 in the
rack bar, so that it can be adjusted at any point by loosening and tightening the set
screw along in the slotway.
The inner end of this gauge is bevelled as at 121 so that as the carriage is moved
back to the starting point the bevel will encounter the arm 122 on the yoke 113,
and will raise the front side of the yoke out of engagement with the rack bar 34,
and when the arm 122 has reached the top of the bevel 121, the carriage will
stop, and thus this gauge will regulate the starting point, or beginning of each line of
printing.
And as soon as the pressure is released upon the carriage, a slight reaction of the
carriage will occur, sufficient to cause the arm 122 to slide down the bevel or
incline 121 and assume its normal position at the bottom of the bevel, and then the
tooth on the yoke will again come into engagement with the rack bar, and the
rack bar and the escapement are again ready for operation as herein before described.
Upon the inside of the back plate of the frame the bracket 123 is mounted, and

page_text: upon this bracket an arm 124 is mounted projecting horizontally out below the
basket and below the lower end of the type bars. This arin may be either a straight
bar or a flat disc, or may be cup shaped, as shown in Figure 6, and through this
arın, and in direct vertical alignment with the striking point of the type arms,
the arm 124 is perforated with a threaded hole, and in this hole I place the
screw 125.
Upon the shank of this screw is mounted the brush 126 of circular form, the body
of the brush being sinaller than the circle formed by the lower ends of the type arms
in their depressed position and the bristles of the brush form a circle somewhat
larger than the said type arm circle.
The upper end of the screw or shaft, 125, is squared off or otherwise adapted to
fit into the socket of the crank 127, or otherwise adapted to be connected thereto,
in such manner that by turning the crank the brush will rotate, and by the operation
of the screw on the shaft 125, the brush will be raised upward while rotating,
through the circle of the type arms brushing the type one way, and then as the
rotation of the brush is reversed the screw carries it down through the circle of the
type aris brushing them the other way until the brush assumes its normal position
as shown in Figure 6 below the type arın circle.
When a cup arın 124 is used it can be provided with an enlarged circular flanged
rim 128, and upon the inside of this rim a cushion 129 can be placed against which
the type arms will drop and lie in their depressed condition. Another advantage of
using the arin in the form of a cup, besides enclosing the brush, is that all of the
dust and grit brushed off the type will fall into the cup and not into the working
parts of the machine, especially the rock shafts, the buttons of this cup on the inside
may be either flat or slanting from the outside towards the centre and also perforated,.
the perforation being so placed that the dirt and grit escaping therefroin will fall
down between two of the rows of rock shafts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is-
1. In a type writing machine, the combination of a finger key, a journalled rock
shaft connected to said finger key, and a type lever operatively connected to the rock
shaft, substantially as described.
2. The combination in a type writing machine, of a set of finger keys, a set of
journalled rock shafts, each shaft having a crank connection to the corresponding
key, a set of type levers, and a pitman connecting from an offset in each rock shaft
to the corresponding type lever, as stated.
3. The combination with a series of finger-keys of a series of journalled rock
shafts, each shaft having crank connection with its corresponding key, offsets from
the shafts differing in length and location with reference to the keys, type levers
hung in the frame, and pitinen connecting the offsets in the rock shafts with the type
levers, substantially as described.
4. The ring or basket having hooks at its outer periphery, grooves extending
radially from the hooks, and type levers conforming to the shape of the grooves and
trunnioned in the hooks, substantially as described.
5. The ring or basket having pendent hooks therefrom, the trunnioned type levers
suspended by said hooks and the top plato serving as a cover to retain all the levers
in the hooks, as set forth.
6. The combination with the type levers, of a cushion interposed between the levers
and the top plate to receive the jar of the levers, as set forth.
7. The combination with a type lever having a perforation through its short arm,
of a pitman having a hook formed by an offset at a right angle to its body, as set
forth.
8. The combination with the finger keys, of the sories of journalled rock shafts
connected thereto as described, and the train of mechanisın,substantially as described,
by which the escapement is operated from the rock shafts, as set forth.

page_text: 9. 'The rock shafts and their finger keys, the sliding grate having a bearing
against which each one of the rock shafts bears, an upright shaft connected to said
grate, and an escapement on said shaft engaging a rack on the paper carriage, all in
combination, substantially as described.
"
10. The combination with the rack bar of the paper carriage of an escapement
consisting of a fixed tooth and a yielding tooth borne on a single support, and a train
of mechanism by which the escapement is rocked by mechanism connected with the
keys, substantially as described.
11. The upright shaft 24 and its bar 28, the fixed tooth 29 on said bar, the spring
tooth 30 pivoted on said bar, and the stops 31, 32, one at each side of the spring
tooth, combined with the rack bar on the paper carriage, and with mechanism for
oscillating the shaft 24 substantially as set forth.
12. The combination of the keys and their train of operating mechanism, with a
stop actuated by the carriage actuated mechanism to lock the keys at a predetermined
position.
13. The combination with the spring wheel, the carriage and the escapement, of an
adjustable pin connected to the spring wheel, and a hooked bar, in position to lock
the escapement, when actuated by the pin on the spring wheel.
14. The combination in a type writer, of a power driven carriage an escapement
for controlling the movement thereof and a stop actuated by the driving mechanism
whereby the grate is locked.
15. In a typewriting machine the carriage, the escapement controlling the move-
ment of the same, the spring wheel connected with the carriage as usual, a disc
which may be adjustably secured to the spring wheel which disc carries a projecting
pin, and a hook bar with which said pin engages to draw the bar into position to lock
the escapement, all in combination as set forth.
16. The combination with the power mechanisin for actuating the carriage of an
alarm, adjustably connected to said power mechanism, substantially as described.
17. The combination with the spring wheel, of an alarm bell having a gravity
clapper, and mechanism by which the alarm bell may be adjustably attached to the
spring wheel, as set forth.
18. The combination with the carriage driving mechanism of the ribbon spool and
a train of mechanism by which the spools are moved to carry the ribbons sidewise
between the types and carriage, as the carriage moves.
19. The combination with the operating mechanism of a type writing machine
of an inking ribbon, and a train by which said ribbon is automatically shifted
laterally.
20. The driving wheel connected to a face cam in combination with the ribbon
spools spring pressed forward towards said cam as set forth.
21. The combination in a type writing machine of the power driving wheel for
the paper carriage having a cain or equivalent projection, attached to a pair of ribbon
spools forced sidewise against said cam (to give sidewise movement to the ribbon
while the carriage moved forward) and a pawl engaging one of the spools to move
the ribbon lengthwise as the carriage is drawn back.
22. In a type writing machine a power driving mechanism for the paper carriage,
engaging with, arranged and combined to actuate the ribbon carrier to move the ribbon
sidewise during the carriage movement in one direction as set forth.
23. The combination in a type writing machine of a power driving mechanism
which moves the inking ribbon sidewise during the forward movement of the carriage
and a shifter engaging the ribbon carrier to shift the ribbon lengthwise during the
backward movement of the carriage.
24. The combination of the inking spools and their frames mounted upon parallel
shafts, a spring rock shaft operatively connected to said frames to press the spools
lengthwise on the shafts as described, and a cam connected to the spring wheel
engaging a projection from the ribbon carrier to press the spools in other directions,
substantially as described.

page_text: 25. The combination with the ribbon carrier, and mechanism substantially as
described for shifting the same laterally, of a pawl positioned to engage one of the
spools and thereby shift the ribbon longitudinally.
26. The combination with the ribbon carrier and mechanism substantially as
described for shifting the same laterally, of a pair of pawls, one opposite each ribbon
spool (each pawl positioned to engage its spool and turn the same in opposite directions
from the other pawl) substantially as described.
27. The combination in a type writer, of the power mechanism for moving the
carriage, a ribbon and carrier engaging said carriage driving mechanisin so as to be
moved laterally thereby, spring actuated mechanism by which the ribbon carrier is
pressed against the same, and reversible shifters which may be thrown into connection
with the ribbon spools substantially as described.
28. A paper carriage having a single scale or index and a paper roll or platen
mounted thereon, the roll being movable into position parallel with and approximate
to the scale.
29. The paper carriage having a single index thereon combined with the paper
roll mounted to have movement to expose the writing along the side of said index
substantially as described.
30. The combination with the paper carriage having a single index at its front,
of the paper roll journalled in slots in the carriage so as to be movable towards or
from the index independently of the carriage movement.
31. The combination with the paper carriage, of the paper roll, having latorally
movable journals in the carriage, a cradle in which said roll is hung and a connec-
tion from the cradle to the carriage by which the cradle and roll are rocked when
the same are moved laterally, substantially as described.
32. The paper carriage, the roll mounted and laterally movable therein, the
cradle consisting of end plates and side bars, a link connecting one end plate of
said cradle to the carriage, and a spring connection by which said link is drawn
down whereby the roll and cradle are held forward or back when pressed over the
centre as set forth.
33. The combination with the paper roll having a ratchet wheel thereon, of a
shifting pawl, engaging said ratchet, a socket in which said pawl is mounted, and a
rock shaft connected to said lever as set forth.
34. The paper roll and its ratchet wheel the pawl and its actuating connections, and
an adjustable stop by which the throw of the pawl may be regulated, all in combination
substantially as set forth.
35. The combination with the paper roll of a ratchet wheel and a rounded pawl
having frictional bearing on the teeth of the ratchet wheel, as set forth.
36. The combination with the carriage, of the paper roll, a ratchet wheel thereon, a
pawl engaging said ratchet a lever on which said pawl is mounted, the escapement
rack and connections from said lever to said rack whereby the rack is moved by the
lever, and a draw bar connected to said lever, substantially as described.
37. The combination of the escapement rack, a lever operatively connected to said
rack and a pawl which actuates the paper roll hung on said lever so as to serve as an
operating handle for the same.
38. In combination with the paper carriage, a rack bar having teeth at both faces,
an escapement engaging the teeth on the face of said bar, and a stop in position to
engage the teeth vertically.
39. The paper carriage, the rack bar movable laterally thereon and having teeth on
one face, a double pinion escapement having alternate teeth engaging the teeth of the
rack bar and a tooth in position to engage vertically the rack teeth of the bar when
the bar is moved laterally, in combination substantially as described.
40. The double pinion of the escapement having alternating teeth with inclined
sides, combined with the movable rack bar having teeth with corresponding inclines,
substantially as described.
41. The paper carriage having projecting pins, the rack bar having inclined slots

page_text: through which said pins pass, and the escapement pinions engaging the teeth on the
rack bar, combined as described, so that a forward pressure on the carriage tends to
throw the teeth of the rack bar into engagement with the escapement pinions.
42. The combination with the short shaft having the escapement pinions and
ratchet thereon, of a yoke pivoted concentric to said shaft and having a projecting
tooth, and a toothed rack bar having teeth in position to engage the escapement
pinions or yoke tooth, said rack bar being laterally movable on the type carriage,
substantially as described.
43. The short shaft having ratchets and escapement pinions thereon, the yoke
pivoted concentric to said shaft, and having a stop tooth, the toothed rack laterally
inovable on the carriage, in position to engage the escapement or yoke tooth, and a
swing pawl engaged by the yoke to be turned into position to move the escapement
when in intermediate position, substantially as described.
44. The combination with the carriage, of a rack bar laterally movable thereon, a
yoke hung to the inain frame having a tooth, in position to engage the teeth of the
rack bar when shifted to one side, and a gauge on the carriage having engagement
with the yoke to disengage it from the rack when the carriage is shifted, substantially
as described.
45. The rack bar, the swinging yoke having engagement with the rack teeth, a
gauge on the carriage having an incline to lift the swinging yoke and a stop for the
escapement connected to said yoke, all in combination substantially as described,
whereby the gauge may serve to move the escapement at the beginning of a line,
substantially as set forth.
46. The combination with the paper carriage of a type writing machine, a rack
har having teeth on the edge and movable laterally on the carriage, escapement gears
engaging the teeth and provided with teeth inclined on one face, a yoke having a
tooth in position to engage the teeth on the rack bar and provided with a pawl for
inoving the escapement, and a gauge on the carriage in position to operate said yoke,
substantially as described.
47. In combination with the paper carriage having open slots in its upper face,
the paper roll having its axle resting on side slots.
48. The combination of the paper carriage, the paper roll having an annular ratchet
at its end, and a spring pawl carried by the carriage moving handle and engaging
said annular ratchet.
49. The combination of the paper carriage, the roll having an annular ratchet at
its end, a spring pawl engaging said ratchet, and a movable abutment acting as a stop
for said pawl, whereby the amount of rotation of the roll by the pawl is determined.
50. The paper roll mounted in the carriage and having a ratchet at its end, the
spring pawl engaging said ratchet, a shaft carrying said pawls, and a handle on the
shaft which serves to partially rotate the pawl shaft while drawing back the carriage,
all combined substantially as described.
51. In combination with the paper roll, of a cradle, a shaft eccentrically supported
in said cradle parallel to the roll and spring fingers on said shaft serving as paper
clamps, substantially as described.
52. The combination with the paper roll, its carriage and the parallel shaft hung
on eccentrics, of a spring finger longitudinally movable on said shaft, of such a
length as to clear the type in any position.
53. The combination of the roll, having a projecting axle, the carriage having
open bearings to receive said axle the cradle attached to the carriage, and spring
pressed hooks bearing on the cradle to hold the roll in its bearings, as set forth.
54. An ink ribbon shield for type writing machines consisting of a thin plate
having its edges turned over to guard the ribbon, and having a clamp to engage the
ribbon carrier, as set forth.
55. The combination with the ink ribbon, of a type writing machine, of a shield
consisting of a thin plate attached to the ribbon carrier, and embracing the ribbon,
substantially as described.
56. A type carrying lever for type writing machines provided with a reverse curve

page_text: or goose-neck near the type whereby alignment may be effected by bending the
goose-neck more or less."
57. The combination with the carriage, the drum and pulley connected thereto,
and the coil springs in the drum of a tension gear connected to said spring,
substantially as described.
58. The combination with the type arms and type thereon in their dependent
position, and a brush supported by a bracket upon the main frame, and means for
raising and lowering the brush, substantially as described.
59. The combination with the type arms of a brush supported beneath the circle of
the arins by a bracket connected to the main frame and ineans for rotating the brush
and simultaneously raising or lowering it when in contact with the type arins,
substantially as described.
60. The combination, with the type arms of the brush 126 mounted upon the
shaft 125, the cup 124 carried by the bracket 123 and the crank 127, substantially as
described.
"
61. The combination with the type arms of the cup 124 supported by the bracket 123
and provided with a rim 128 and the elastic packing 129 within the rim, substantially
as described.
62. The combination with the carriage and the spring wheel connected to the
carriage and the disc 41 mounted upon the shaft of the spring wheel and provided
with a stud 45 engaging with the yoke of the hammer 17 and released from engage-
ment by the rotation of the spring wheel and a gravity hammer provided with a
shoulder 50, adapted to strike against the bell, and the bell mounted upon the spring
wheel shaft, substantially as described.
63. The combination with the bell, of a gravity hammer operated by the rotation
of the spring wheel, substantially as described.
64. The combination with the escapement of the crank yoke 113 and provided
with a pawl 30, of the lever 110 pivotally mounted upon the top plate, the pull
rod 112 connecting it to the yoke and the push button 108 connected by a rod to the
lever 110, substantially as described.
65. The combination with the yoke 113 provided with bearings upon the escapement
shaft, with a pawl 30 and with an arm 122 of the rack bar 115, provided with a
slot-way 120 and the gauge 118 adjustably mounted in the slotway 120 and engaging
with the arın 122 with the movement of he carriage, substantially as described.
66. The combination with the carriage, the spring wheel and gear 37 mounted
upon the spring wheel shaft and the coiled spring in the wheel of the tension shaft
and trundle 39 and means for rotating the shaft, and trundle in engagement with the
gear 37, substantially as described.
Dated this 17th day of January 1890.