IMPROVEMENTS IN COM- POSING AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COM-
POSING AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE "A communication.
Sealed the 8th December 1852, and dated the 9th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th October 1852.
I, JOHN TENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inu Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the suid Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COM-
POSING, AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE" to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improved mechanism for composing,
distributing, and sorting type. The mechanism and composing box of
"galley" is carried by a frame, which is supported by a vertical rod
working on steel points, and is thus capable of casy movement round

page_text: 56
its centre. A segmental frame is bolted to a fixed portion of the
machine, and this frame is fitted round its circumference with a number
of vertical holes, each hole corresponding to a distinct letter. Imme-
diately above this segment, and carried by the oscillating portion of the
machine, is a vertical spindle, which is brought down into any of the
holes before mentioned by a suitable handle, which serves also to turn
the machine on its centre to any particular hole in its fixed segment.
The upper end of the vertical spindle, in its descent, acts upon a small
bell crank lever, and releases, the letter, from the composing box or
galley." In using this machine the "galley" is placed horizontally
the top of the moveable fraine, the various compartments for holding the
letter being immediately underneath. The attendant takes the handle,
and turns the machine until the 'point of the vertical spindle coincides
exactly with the hole in the segment corresponding to the letter to be
distributed. The now depresses the handle, and brings the point down
into the hole, thereby releasing the letter from above, and steadying the
machine mutil the letter is pushed into its own proper compartment.
This completes the movements of the machine, which are merely
repeated for each letter or character.
un
The principle of the composing machine is similar to that of the
listributor, with this exception, that in place of having the galley"
above, it is situated below the compartments, in order that the depres-
sion of the handle, as before described, may cause a letter to drop from
its compartment into the composing table or galley beneath.
By another arrangement, the levers for releasing the letters may be
actuated by means of keys, arranged similarly to a piano-forte key
board, each key being lettered to correspond to the letters in the
compartment which it acts upon. On the depression of a key a
corresponding letter is released from its compartment, which is inclined,
so as to allow the letters to slide down, and be always ready to be
pushed into the conducting channel down which the letters to be
employed slide to the composing table.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in. the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 8th April 1853..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Tun Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Лer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Henry Jolinson, Her special license
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, excrcise,- and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for- "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COMPOSING AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE." being a communication to me
from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I. the said
John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to he performed, and cause
the same to he filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said John Henry Johnson, <lo
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in. what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference- being had to the
Drawings hereunto attached, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
The said Invention relates to various arrangements of machinery.
apparatus.. or meaus embodied under the forms of a machine for

page_text: distributing, and three varieties of apparatus for composing types for
letter-press printing.
And in order that the said Tnvention may be properly understood,
I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheets of
Drawings hereunto attached. Figure 1, on Sheet 1, of the Drawings,
is a plan of the improved distributing machine: and Figure 2, is a
central vertical section of the saine, corresponding, as taken through
the line 5, 6, in Figure 1. Figure 3, on Sheet 2, of the Drawings, is
a front clevation on a larger scale of the actual distributing details
detached; and Figure 4, is a corresponding side view of the same; and
Figure 5, is a plan, and Figure 6, a vertical section corresponding with
Figures 3, and 4.
The machine is constructed to receive a large mass of type of various
kinds, and it has therefore a table G, fitted up with one hundred and
fifty different cases or compartments, to meet the general require-
ments of the printer. The galley containing the type to be distributed
is made with only one side fixed, the other being moveable, to
allow of adjustinent to the size of "form" or page to be printed;
thus the same box G, may be employed for different sizes of work.
The traversing piece D, which pushes the lines, and the guide 1,
which pushes out the types," receive their pressure from helical springs
enclosed in the spring barrels F, and F. The strings 6', and b, which
turn these barrels, pass round the spindles of the buttons a, and, a', and
thence proceed to the guide and traversing piece 1. The handle L
which gives motion to the distributing mechanism, works on the fixed
centre, in the support , which is attached to the outer end of the
large moveable bracket M, moving with the spindle P, held between
two centres, so as to allow of the whole apparatus being easily moved.
A rod J, carries at its lower extremity the stops, between which the
lever of the handle L, works so as to rise and full with it. The end of
this rod is pointed, and enters the conical holes in the circumference of
the segment Q, which is fixed to the framework of the machine. This
segment, which is pierced with numerous holes, each containing a
different letter, has the effect of stopping or holding the machine at the
moment that a letter falls, in order that it may arrive into the case for

page_text: which it is destined. The upper extremity of the rod J, is fitted with
two screw pins g. a bridle piece k, and pin i, which in its descent
actuates the bel! crank J', and thus moves the horizontal rod k', as well
as the piece . which is attached to it by a double screw. The fixed
piece K. which serves as a guide to the moving parts, as well as the
screws g, also limits the amount of travel by the set screw o, which
passes through the centre of the cross piece n, on the top of the
screws g. Now, when the handle L. is pressed down, the bridle piece h,
and its pin i, descend with the screw pins g, the horizontal arm of
the bell crank lever J', is depressed, and the vertical arm causes the
rod k and the stop , to move from left to right (Figure 3); and
consequently the letter contained in the notch d, falls down (Figure 5)
being no longer held either by the blades 1, or stop k'. The blades 7,
being at this moment opened for the small roller or pulley t, which is
attached to one of the serows g, strikes on the descent of the mechanism
the small arm of the bent lever s. which is clearly shewn in Figure 6.
The longer arm of this lever acts upon the projection S', which com-
municating with the blades, forces them asunder. It will be seen, ou
reference to Figure 6, and the detail Figure 7, on Sheet 2, that there
are four of those blades. They are made very thin, and correspond to
the thicknesses of the type. They are distinct and separate from each
other. and each receives a pressure from the spirals, which causes
them always to press against the type contained between them. To
effect this. each blade or plate is attached to a horizontal rod 1, which
is surrounded by the helical springs or spiruls just mentioned. The
piece 1', serves to push each letter as they arrive into their respective
compartments. The mechanism for effecting this consists of an inclined
plane v, (Figure 4) down which the pulley u, runs when the handle L,
and rod J. are depressed. This inclined plane is attached to the piece
I, by two screws which pass through the junction piece K, and it thus
follows that when the friction pulley u, descends, the inclined plane will
be forced back, drawing with it the piece I', which cannot return to its
original position until the pulley u, has again ascended, but the spiral
spring Y. which is fitted on to the rod Z. on the ascent of the pulley,
forces back the piece from left to right. The mouth of each case or

page_text: compartment is lined with skin, to prevent the letter from rebounding
as it falls. The letters corresponding to those to be distributed are
read off from the segmental copper band R. on which is fitted an
index a, which is in one piece with the moving parts of the machine,
and moves along the whole extent of the compartment table. The
whole arrangement of the moveable galley may also be made to move
in a night line in place of round a centre, but the movement would
neither be so easy or so prompt as when the machine rests between
the points as lierein described.
Figure 1, on Sheet 8, of the Drawings, is a complete front view
of one form of composing machine. Figure 2. is a central vertical
section of the same. Figure 8, on Sheet 4, is a side elevation of
the machinery.. Figure 4, is a second clevation of the opposite
side, with a section of the box or "galley" which receives the type.
Figure 5, is a vertical section through the centre on the line 7, 8, in
the plan Figure 6. This machine is arranged to correspond exactly
with the distributing machine herein-before described, being also made
to contain one hundred and fifty different compartments, and therefore
hold one hundred and fifty different species of letters. These compart-
ments, as well as the table G, which carries them, are identical with those
shewn in the Figures ou Sheet 1, of the Drawings, with the exception that
in the later views they are placed at a greater inclination, in order that
the letters contained in each may descend by their own gravity until
they are stopped at the lower end by the pieces for that purpose, as
shewn in detail in clevation and plan in Figures 7, and 8, of Sheet 4,
of the Diawings. The arrangement of the compartment being thus
the saine in each machine for composing and distributing, afford the
advantage of the power of transport of the letters by means of a tube
from one machine to the other. From the fact of the table being more
inclined it is necessary to give a particular arrangement to the frame
which carries it, as shewn in Figures 1, and 2, in Sheet 3, of the
Drawings, modifiable in various ways, at pleasure. This frame work
may carry the fixed centres of the oblique axle P', which, as above
described, works between adjustable points, and carries the moveable
gd or bracket M. The whole of the composing mechanism is attached

page_text: to this rod or bracket, and at its lower extremity is fitted the handle [,
which actuates the various parts of the machine, so that at each descent
of the handle a letter is caused to fall. This lever is jointed to the
fixed centre K, shewn in the various Figures on Sheet 4, of the
Drawings, and supports one side of the box or "galley" G. Thus,
when the handle 1, is depressed, it comes down on the friction pulley i,
carried by the vertical rod J, which is thereby caused to descend and
enter its pointed lower extremity into one of the holes of the fixed
segmental plate Q, which, like the former machine, is pierced along its
circumference or edge with holes, which correspond to the different
letters or characters. and serves to steady the machine during the
descent of the corresponding letter into the "galley" or box G. The
rod J. is also prolonged at its upper end (where it is joined to a second
rol J. which is parallel with it, and terminated by the pulley bearing .
It thus follows that. in descending, the pulley o. will come in contact
with one of the inclined stops k. (Figures 3, 7, and 8,) which, oscillating
on a pin, causes the last letter at its other end to fall down the orifice d,
placed directly beneath, into the tube or conductor I, when it passes
into the composing stick."
The arrangement shewn in Figures 9. and 10, on Sheet 2, of the
Drawings, is to be preferred to the preceding arrangement just
described, inasmuch as the orifices d, may be made opposite the
end of the row of letters in place of being situated obliquely and on
one side, as shewn in Figure 8, on Sheet 4, of the Drawings, because
the stops k, being very short, the are which they describe from their
centres.is of very short radius. In the arrangement shown in Figures
9, and 10, on Sheet 2, of the Drawings, not only are the stops k, longer,
but the ares which they describe do not affect the type, for they are
retained by the projections 1. and , placed above and below each stop
in the same vertical line. Figures 11, and 12, on the same Sheet of
Drawings represent a sumlar arrangement in detail. In place of pro-
longing the rod y, and pulley holder n, above the stops, there is fixed to
the bent portion thereof, opposite the letters, a small projecting incline
upon which the pulley o, acts directly on its descent. In each of these
arrangements the stops are fitted with flat springs a, which return them

page_text: :
to their original position again after they have been acted upon by the
pulley . The lower portion of the conductor I, (which conducts the
separate letters as they fall from one or other of the compartments into
the "composing stick" C,) is fitted with an aperture not much larger
than the individual types, in order that it may direct the letter accu-
rately into its proper place in the line in the composing stick. This
letter being held on one side by the projecting piece C, and on the
other by the traversing piece D, is squeezed at the moment of rising of
the rod g, by the helical springs y, which constantly tend to return the
incline v, to which is connected the rod 7. This rod carries on one
side the projecting piece l, and on the other the guide E. It follows,
therefore, that as the pulley ", with the rod g. descends, it rolls over
the inclined surface of the picce v, which, pressing against the springs,
'causes the projecting piece l', to move back a short space to allow a
fresh letter to arrive; but when the pulley rises again, and frees the
face of the incline e, the springs force it back to its original position,
and the projection l', causes the letter which has just fallen to advance
into the line in the composing stick or table, the guide E, at the same
tine receding a distance equal to the thickness of the letter. By the
time a line is completed the guide E, has gradually moved out of the
composing stick or table, when the traversing piece 1), is moved forward
by means of the screw V. the movement of which is regulated exactly
by the jam nut and cross piece T, which carries the two helices U, the
: axes of which bear directly against the traversing slide D. When the
pressure is removed from the screw V, the springs bring back the cross
piece to its original position, thereby allowing the guide E, to occupy
the space left between the edge of the traversing piece D, and the line
of type last completed, when a fresh line may be immediately com-
menced, and so on until the whole "form" is completed. It is evident
that cach time the traversing piece D, is pushed forward the corre-
sponding one D, will recede in the same proportion, and parallel to
it, being guided by the sides C', and C, of the table, between which it
may be made to slide as between ordinary guide bars
Figure 1, on Sheet 5, of the Drawings, represents a plan of another
composing machine; and Figure 2, is a vertical section through the

page_text: centre on the line 9, 10. These Drawings shew that the whole of the
mechanism may be placed upon a table, and worked by keys arranged
soinewhat similar to the key-board of a piano forte. Figures 3, and 4,
represent in section and plan a portion of the principal details of the
mechanism. Figures 5, and 6, on the same Sheet of Drawings, are a
section and side elevation of a portion of the keys, shewing the trans-
mission of the movement. Figure 7, is a plan of one of these keys.
This machine consists of an inclined plane A, of cast iron, upon which
is placed a plate of copper B, which serves as a conductor to bring the
letters into the composing stick or box C. Above this inclined plane,
and in a direction perpendicular to it, are two parallel cases of com-
partments II, each containing a certain number of letters, and arranged
in such a manner that the lower compartments contain the greatest
number of letters most in use, whilst the upper ones contain those letters
or characters which are least employed, and may consequently be made
much shorter. Thus, in place of the compartment table being made
rectangular, as shown in Figure 2, it may be formed after the manner
shewn in blue lines on the same Figure. In place of moving the
whole of the mechanism from one point to another of the key-board
or compartment table, as before described, a double system of keys.
corresponding to all the different letters in the several compartments,
is employed. One half of these keys (the lower ones) correspond to the
vertical rods U. which are joined at their upper extremities to the bent
levers V, (Figure 5), the shorter branch or arm of which presses against
the ends of the horizontal rods-t. which are fitted with the angular
piece . Thus, on the depression of one of the keys T', the corresponding
vertical rod U, is caused to descend a certain distance, and consequently
bringing down the bell crank lever V, to the position shewn in red lines
in the Drawing, Figure 5. The angular picce c, is thereby moved
from right to left, and pushes for ward the letter which is in the bottom
of the corresponding compartment II, but on relieving the pressure of
the key the helical spring r, which surrounds the rod t, and to which it
is attached, returns the rod .and angular piece t, to their original
positions. The same result takes place on depressing any of the upper
keys T; for on depressing one of them the corresponding vertical rod

page_text: U', is caused to descend and draw down with it the bell crank lever V,
the short arm of which pressing against the end of the rod t, and
angular piece v', the lowest letter acted upon in the compartment will be
caused to fall as before described. Each letter thus released from one
.compartment or another, though it may be at the upper end, lower end,
or middle of the incline, it will be conducted by the plate B, to the head
of the composing box or "stick" C; there its passage will be stopped
by the slide D, which will not allow it to pass until a space is made
behind the letters. This is also effected by the keys T, T'. These keys
.act not only on their respective rods, but also on the parallel plates 1, 2,
which are connected at their extremities by the straps 7, thus forming a
.species of rectangular frame which is connected by the lever m, (Figure
3, and 4.) with the horizontal axis n, the opposite end of which has
keyed on to it the short lever k, to which is attached the vertical
connecting rod, the upper extremity of which is again connected to
the small lever f, one arm of which constantly presses against the
friction pulley g. This pulley is carried by the boss on the rod e, to
which is attached the sliding piece D. Therefore each time a key is
acted upon it raises the frame,, which gives motion to the lever m,
and rod n, which is caused to turn a short distance, thereby actuating
the bell crank, and pulley y, causing them to assume the position
shewn in red lines on the Drawing, Figure 3. In this way the
slide D, is drawn back a short distance to allow the letter just
arrived by the passage B, to take the position destined for it in
the composing table; but when the key is released the slide D, is
forced back again to its original position by the helix E', which is
wound round the rod e, thereby pushing forward the whole of the
letters in the composing box as well as the slide E, which serves to
keep the lines parallel and straight. When a line is completed the
sliding guide E, being out of the box, permits the line of type to be
moved sideways to the extent of its thickness, this movement being
accomplished by precisely the same mechanism as shewn (in Figures 1,
and 4). The guide E; is then again put right, either by hand or by a
spring for that purpose. The letters which correspond to the several
_compartments, as well as the stops and accepts employed in printing,

page_text: are printed on the surface of the keys. A mirror F, is situated at the
lower end of the channel B, in order that the workman may see that
the letters present themselves before they enter the composing table.
Figure 1, on Sheet 7, of the Drawings, is a vertical section of a por-
tion of another modification of composing machine; Figure 2, is a side
elevation of the same; Figure 3, is a transverse section through the
line 1. 2, in Figure 1; and Figures 4 and 5, are detailed sections, the
one being taken along the line 3, 4, in the cases or boxes, and the other
through the line 5, 6, in the conducting channel. It will be seen from
these two last Figures that the boxes H, which contain the types, and
the conducting incline B, which guides them to the composing table,
are of a different construction to the boxes and conductors of the
preceding machines. The cases are so arranged as to always leave a
portion of each letter visible, so that the attendant may always see that
the letters are properly arranged within their respective compartments.
The conductor, B, which receives the letters as they fall from their
respective cases, is divided longitudinally by a partition b, which pre-
yents the letters from turning round as they descend, or falling off
sideways, by the sudden shock which they are subjected to on being
struck, as herein-before described, by the angular pieces e, and ', to
which motion is given by the pedals U, and U', through the levers V.
and V, and the horizontal spring rods t, t. Each letter, as it arrives
at the bottom d. of the conductor, is held, before falling into the
composing table A, by the moveable piece D, which is kept pressed
against the letter by the springs E, contained in the bracket C, which
also carries another rod e. and helix e'. Each time that this bracket is
raised it allows a letter to pass, and this being no longer pressed by
the piece D, falls from the conductors into its proper place in the com-
posing table or galley." It is therefore necessary to impart an
intermittent movement to this portion of the mechanism, that is to say,
the bracket should be raised each time a letter is to be dropped into
the composing table. This motion is obtained each time any one of the
keys or pedals is depressed. It is now to be understood that there are
placed at the exterior of the apparatus the bars or rods », >", which are
depressed and raised cacly time a pedal is actuated. These bars or rods

page_text: act by one of their extremities upon the levers 7. and 4, which work on
the centres m. and n³, which centres are prolonged to carry the levers
n, and n¹, which are united by a rod k, and communicate an oscillating
movement to the vertical rod j. which is fitted at its upper end with a
fork piece f. This fork is also connected to the second arm of the bent
lever f. the other arm of which is in contact with the catch g, which is
secured to the spindle e. Thus, when the rod j, descends, the first arm
of the bent level, is raised, and elevates at the same time the catchy.
with its rode, and bracket C. The springs on the rods e, and E.
replace the bracket C. and piece D. so soon as the rods or bars r,,
cease to act, thereby pressing upon another letter which has arrived at
the bottom of the conductor. On the top of the cast iron table A,
where the compositor is placed, is fitted the double bracket support S,
which on one side guides the rod e, and on the other carries the axis of
the bent lever f. This table is so constructed as to admit of the forms
being made of various dimensions For this purpose it contains a
sinal table A', on which the letters rest, and which is removed with
them when a page or "form" is completed. The letters which form a
line are supported or sustained by the piece l', which is fitted to the
lower end of a rod F. This rod passes through an opening in the side
of the compositor, over which it traverses, descending a distance equal
to the thickness of a letter every time a fresh one is inserted. On the
upper extremity of this rod is fitted a species of tappet [, which, when
it arrives near the end of its downward travel, comes in contact with
an arm of the bent lever or bell crank J. The other arm of this crank
or bent lever forms a hammer, and strikes against the bell K, to show
that a line has been completed in the composing table, and that a fresh
one is about to be commenced. The picce P, is by this time brought
down to the side G. of the compositor, which is regulated in its
position by the screw G. The attendant should now push the com-
pleted line on one side in order to leave room for the succeeding one;
but for that purpose it is necessary to remove the plate p', (Figure 8,)
which keeps the letters against the moveable side a'. This is effected
by depressing the treadle P", so as to cause the lever M, to oscillate or
move forward. This lever or arm is forked at its upper end, and em-

page_text: made to
braces the rod g, which is terminated by a screw, and carries à socket
C. This socket is fitted with an anti-friction pulley g'. Between the
socket and the screw is a cross head which carries the stop-screws, the
end of which acts against the moveable side a. of the composing table,
the length of screw being adjusted by the set screw nut ¹. It thus
follows that when the treadle P, is depressed, the arm M, is
traverse (Figure 2), drawing with it the horizontal rod 7. By this
movement the anti-friction pulley g', of the socket or collar c', traverses
along the incline L, (which turns on its centre u³, and is connected to
the plate p') thereby depressing it with the plate p', which is guided
in its descent by the parallel rods h', each fitted with a helical spring.
As soon as the plate has descended, the head of the screw on the end
of the rol y, presses against the cross head N, and causes it, with the
screws, to advance and press against the side a', of the composing
table, and by this means the finished line is pushed forward to make
room for a fresh one. The treadlo P, is now released, and the helical
springs which surround the rods i. i, force back the cross head N, to
its original position; in the same manner the springs which surround
the guide rods, , elevate the plate p', to the position shewn in
Figure 8. Everything is now in readiness to commence a new line,
and for that purpose it is necessary to raise the piece P, with its rod
F, and tappet I. To effect this the treadle P¹, which is in a line with
the treadle, is brought into action; it is connected by the link M', with
one of the arms of the toothed rack or sector S', the centre of which
is carried by the support X. At the upper end of this sector is
attached tho chain a, (shown in red lines,) the opposite.end of this
chain being connected to the lower extremity of the long rod Y, which
is surrounded by a helix, and terminated by the arm, adjusted to its
proper position by the tightening screw for that purpose. On depressing
the treadle P, the sector S', is moved, thereby drawing the chain x,
and causing the rod Y, and arm :, to be elevated. By this means the
tappet or arm I, with its rod F, is simultaneously raised to the same
amount. It is obvious that this movement, like the rest, may be effected
with great rapidity. The treadle being released. the rod Y, instantly
turns to its former place through the action of the springs which sur-

page_text: rounds it. The rod F, and consequently the piece p, and tappet- 1;
having been clevated; will descend only by intermittant movement, that
is to, say, for every letter which arrives at the bottom ✔, of the con-
ductor. In this manuer each line and each page may be set with the
greatest regularity, and without any loss of time, and with a rapidity
far exceeding that of the most practised compositor.
Having, now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not con-
fine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I
have had occasion to describe or refer to as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features
of the said Invention. But what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the heroin-before in
part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangements of machinery, apparatus, or means
for composing or distributing type, as herein-before described.
Second, the systeins or modes of composing or distributing types, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, the Eighth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
J. DENRY JOHNSON.