Improvements in Coke Furnaces or Ovens.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1856
Improvements in Coke Furnaces or Ovens.
I HUGO STINNES of Mühlheim on the Ruhr, Rhenish Prussia, Germany,
Colliery Owner do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :--
My invention relates to improvements in gas-fired coke furnaces with outlets for
delivering the gas and other bye-products of coal-distillation for subsequent use,
and it has for its object to arrange the furnace, its chambers and the flues heating
these chambers in such a way that the products of distillation may serve as well for
heating the coke-furnace itself as for subsequent use in other apparatus or for
lighting purposes; it consists in building up the coking chamber with heating flues
at the bottom and at the sides and in providing such air admitting and
air heating flues, that the best utilisation of the heating gas is obtained and that
the flues during the process may be controlled and inspected and finally that repairs
n the most exposed parts of the interior of flues and coking chamber may be made
without disturbing the neighbouring parts in the furnace and in the flues and
without necessitating the pulling down of other parts of the furnace.
The accompanying drawings represent my invention showing in
Fig. 1. a vertical longitudinal section of the furnace, left part along line I-I,
and right part along line II-II of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. is a vertical cross-section of the furnace, right part along line III-III
and left part along line V-V of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, is a horizontal section along line IV-IV of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4. is partly a vertical cross-section along line VI-VI, (left part); partly
one along line VII-VII, (right part); of Fig. 1.
The coke furnace of my invention is constructed with two systems of heating
gas flues, separated at the middle of the length of the furnace, in both the heating-
gas circulation flues and in the outlet-flues for the products of combustion of the
heating-gas, by the wall T; whilst the coking-chamber occupies the whole length
uninterrupted.
The drawing represents a block of two coke-furnaces, constructed according to
my invention and situated one alongside the other, and having each a coking-
chamber A, heated not only from both their sides in their full heigth, but also
from below by a bottom-heating flue B, which is at the same time the mixing and
combustion flue for the heating gas and the air necessary for its combustion. This
air is heated previously by its contact with hot parts of the furnace during its
passage to the combustion room. .
The heating of my coke-furnace is effected either by the gases generated in the
coking-process of the furnace itself, or, in case these gases are conducted away for
other purposes, by gas generated in separate generators, as for instance shown in
dotted lines to the left of Fig. 1, and this heating gas is introduced into a flue B
situated under the bottom of the coking chamber. Air is admitted into a flue C
and heated there by suitably situated hot flues, and this air is let then, highly
heated, into the combustion flue B. From this the heating gases rise into fines B
and B and B and B, in both the side walls of the coking chamber A, in such
away, that into the flue B are admitted those heating gases, already cooled
down. This way of conducting the heating gas is taken for the purpose of forcing
the process of distillation more, by heating the lower part of chamber A stronger,
and by moderating the heating in the upper part of same, in order to avoid the
a

page_text: passage of the distillation-products of the lower part of the charge in the
chamber A through an upper stratum of already finished hot coke, wherein these
products would be partly decomposed.
'
In order to equalize the loss of heat, suffered by the heads or the end faces of
the furnace, part of the highly heated gas is conducted direct from B₁₁ upwards
to B, along the front wall, in order to heat the latter better.
b
The regulation of the streams of heating gas is effected simply by narrowing
the width of the flues B¹ and B¹, and B and B". Opposite to each of these
flues, there is a handhole B in the front-wall, through which fire-bricks may be
introduced and laid in the flue, in convenient sizes to obtain the desired reduction of
area of the latter.
These hand holes or show-holes B³ are generally closed by bricks Be laid loosely
in them, so that at any time the process of gas-combustion may be inspected and
controlled in the respective flues and thereby the coking-process regulated.
The heating gas flows from flues B and B through flue B³ downwards to
the chimney flue B situated under the air-admission flue C, in order to heat the
air in this flue; from flue B' the combustion products finally take their way through
flue F to the chimney.
The air necessary for combustion of the heating gas enters the flues C, situated
between the flue B above and the flue B* below, and having reached the middle of
the furnace length, it rises by side passages upwards into flues C¹ and C², situated
at both sides of and parallel to the combustion chamber B, into which the air is
introduced by the openings or tuyeres G in the side-walls of flue B, and these
openings or tuyeres are arranged in such a manner in these side walls, that a
greater quantity of air is entering the gas-combustion flue near to the fronts or
ends of the furnace, than in the middle part, in order to produce a more energetic
combustion and development of heat at these ends. In the present case this result
is obtained by the tuyers being placed nearer to each other, at the front ends,
and further apart, in the interior; it is obvious, that the same result may be
obtained by making the tnyeres near the front ends of greater area, than those
further away from the ends, I prefer however the manner represented in the first
instance.
The furnace is built in such a manner, that the bottom plates, the side walls,
the ceiling vaults, and in fact all those parts which are exposed to great wear,
can be renewed and repaired without disturbing in a serious way the adjoining
parts.
$
The bottom of chamber A consists consequently of plates T laid exchangeably
over the vault H and arranged in such order that all the joints of the vault-bricks
are covered; and throughout the whole construction, the furnace is disposed so, as
to exclude any straight-through joints of the bricks in the separating walls between
the flues or the exterior walls. The side walls of the flues and coking chambers
mainly consist of fire-brick plates K jointed to each other with groove and fillet,
and sitting between rows of rebated bonders L, which equally are jointed closely
with groove and fillet and form the horizontal separating layers between the
flues B, BB, B1, so that they can be renewed or replaced at any time.
The top of the upper side flues is covered with bonders or moulded consoles M
of fire brick, which support the upper construction and especially the fire-brick
ceiling-vault made of vault bricks N moulded so, that no straight-through joints
go through the vaulting, but all joints are in broken lines.
The top consoles M support the moulded bricks P, shaped so as to carry the
outer protecting vault O, arched at a certain distance above the ceiling vault N,
leaving an air space between the said vaults.
The coking chambers of the furnace are filled from the top by the feeding
holes R.
The products of distillation, or the gases generated, leave the coking chambers
by uptakes S in the ceiling-vaults, to which are connected in a suitable way the
pipes or other conducts, not shown in the drawing, for the gases.

page_text: The finished coke is pushed out of the coking-chamber from the front side X
by a suitable machine, in known manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a coke furnace arranged for utilising the gas produced in coking for
heating or for lighting purposes, in combination with a coking chamber A, com-
bustion channels B below the chamber A and divided midways by a wall T, air
heating channels C below the combustion channels, chimney flues B below the air
heating channels, air-conducting channels C¹ C" situated sideways parallel to the
combustion channels, tuyerelike holes G admitting the heated air from the
channels CC into the combustion channel and being placed nearer together at
the ends of the furnace than in the middle; channels B₁₁ and B', conducting the
hot gases emanating from the end of the combustion channel towards the front,
return channels B and B", leading said gases backwards and into descending
channels B³ and into the said chimney flues B, the whole as described and for the
purpose specified.
2. In a coke furnace of the kind claimed in Claim One, the system of bricks K
forming the side walls of coking chamber A and moulded with grooves and fillets
at the vertical sides, and top and bottom sides moulded with rebated or grooved
fates so as to fit between horizontal rows of console bricks L having corresponding
rebates or grooves for making broken joints and for facilitating exchange or
renewal of worn bricks without requiring pulling down of neighbouring parts of
the furnace.
3. In a coke furnace as specified by Claims One and Two, the construction of
an isolating and discharging arch over the ceiling vault of the coking chamber,
said arch being supported upon moulded console bricks M for the purpose of
allowing repairs of the vault without disturbing the sides of the furnace or the top
of the same.
Dated this 16th day of December 1895.
HUGO STINNES,
Per Karl J. Mayer,
A cent