Improvements in or connected with Photographic Cameras.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Dec., 1895-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Photographic Cameras.
I, CHARLES JEAN-BAPTISTE ECHASSOUX, of 9 Rue des Guillemites, Paris,
France, Optical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
1-
This invention relates to certain details of construction of photographic cameras
wherein the plates can be shifted in succession from a pile, be fixed for the
reception of the image, be again shifted and brought in position under the pile by
the movements of the changing box, which in this construction is like a drawer to
be drawn out and pushed in in successive order for each change.
The invention also relates to arrangements of appliances fitted in the lens end
of a camera for operation of sliding shutters for time exposure and instantaneous
exposure.
According to the first part of this invention, an outer casing is provided with a
partition having a backwardly projecting and depending lip piece and also a bottom
ledge. The changing box is open at the front and has a to and fro movement by
hand from the rear, the upper and lower parts being provided with curved strips
which serve to steady the plates when drawn clear of the pile and for the replacing
of them under the pile, said plates in succession being drawn from the upper
portion; then to cant over in the space left by the withdrawal of the box to be set
upright against the partition by the pushing in of the box, said plate falling back-
wardly and toppling over, when the box is next withdrawn, to a position under the
bottom of the box, a fresh upper plate being simultaneously withdrawn, so that as
the box is again returned the first plate becomes pushed under the pile due to the
action of the bottom curved or shaped strips of the changing box, the ledge forming
the buttress for that purpose.
Between the partition referred to and a front partition is a cone tube, and
between the latter partition and the actual front of the camera, is a chamber for
the reception of the lens and the shutter carrier frame, this being of rectangular
shape and provided with notched or scored levers pivoted and having springs for
return motion. The levers are so arranged that a shutter can be held by both or
by one only on the turning of a finger stud to prevent the other moving.
shutters are double and are capable of being released separately but be drawn out
together, the stud or pull rod of one passing through the other for that purpose.
Both shutters are controlled by springs and the release can be effected by the
movement of a catch, or by a handle.
The
I arrange diaphragms in the front end of the camera and render them movable
by outside levers for shutting out the object glass.
or
By the first part of this invention, the dark or changing box is clear of bags
head, or hand flexible attachments, and is exclusively operable by draw out and
push in motions for changing, fixing, and repiling the plates.
Dated this 21st day of March 1895.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166 Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Charles Jean-Baptiste Echassoux.

page_text: Improvements in or connected with Photographic Cameras.
I, CHARLES JEAN-BAPTISTE ECHASSOUX, of 9 Rue des Guillemites, Paris,
France, Optical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to an arrangement of photographic camera, the chief
features being changing box and the application of a stop on the object glass
between the two lenses for enabling either a time exposure or an instantaneous
result to be obtained at will.
My camera can be mounted on a stand and all the plates in the changing box
may receive an impression without shifting the apparatus.
I have shown on the annexed drawings an arrangement whereby my invention
may be carried into effect.
Figure 1 shows on a reduced scale an exterior side view of my photographic
camera.
Figure 2 is a plan corresponding to Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows on a larger scale a longitudinal vertical section of the general
arrangement, the sensitized plates being placed in the changing box.
Figure 4 shows in dotted lines the tipping of the topmost plate when the change
box is being drawn out and in full lines the position of this plate when the box is
completely drawn out.
Figure 5 shows the plate brought into the position for receiving an impression
when the change box is pushed back into place.
Figure 6 shows the plate after its impression turning over to take its place
beneath the unused sensitized plates when the change box is drawn out again, at
the same time the next upper plate replaces the one which preceded it, so as to
receive an impression in its turn.
Figure 7 is an outside view of the stop mounted on the object glass between the
two lenses.
Figure 8 an inside view of the stop, the mechanism being in its normal position.
Figure 9 shows the stop prepared for a time exposure.
Figure 10 shows the same stop during the time exposure.
Figure 11 shows the stop prepared for instantaneous exposure.
Figure 12 is an exterior view of the plate which carries the stop and the
diaphragms.
Figure 13 is an interior view of the same plate carrying the diaphragms, the
stop mechanism being removed.
Figure 14 is a transverse vertical section on the line 1-2 of Figure 8.
In all the figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
My apparatus is composed of a camera or dark box a inside which is fixed a
vertical frame 6 having lips ; this frame b is fitted with a cone c and a horizontal
framed carrying two catches e.
The end of the cone c rests against a frame f carrying the socket piece in which
works the object glass and the stop by means of a rack and a pinion whose axis
at the upper end has an index finger moving over a dial is for adjustment at fixed
distances indicated by the divisions on the dial.
Openings k are suitably arranged in one of the sides of the camera or dark box a
for the free movements of the object glass and the stop.
The back of the camera a is provided with a sort of sliding changing box / in
which the sensitized plates mare placed to successively receive the impressions.

page_text: The change box 1 having a door for inserting the plates, is provided at its
upper part with two guides n with inclines n' which effects the tipping of the upper
sensitized plate, and the lower part of this box has also two guides o with
inclines o for placing the plates after impression one under the other as afterwards.
explained.
with
The stop which is mounted on the object glass h is composed of a shutter
an opening p and a crosspiece p' through which passes the rod with knob q
connected to the crosspiece q' of the shutter 2 also provided with an opening 9³.
The shutter p is acted upon by a spring p³, and the shutter q by a spring q
A lever having a notch is acted upon by a spring serves as a catch for the
crosspiece p² to sett the stop, and a levers also with catches s', s2, is acted upon by
a spring and holds the crosspiece when the stop is set. A connecting rod
unites the two levers and s.
The release of the stop shutters is effected either by hand, by pressing on the-
lever s, or by pneumatic ball connected by a flexible tube on the nipplet of the
pump t
The exterior plate u of the stop carries a sort of cam v operated by a small
handle for obtaining either a time exposure or instantaneous.
I
The diaphragms y, z, placed behind the shutter stops r, s, are moved reciprocally-
by the levers y, z, on the plate z which carries the stop mechanism.
A counter arranged at the upper part of the camera a indicates the number of
plates which have received an impression.
The action is as follows:-After the plates m have been placed in the change
box (see Figure 3) by drawing out this box the upper plate m' is held by the
catches e and when this plate reaches the end of the guide n it follows the incline n¹.
which causes it to cant and tip over, as shown in dotted lines Figure 4 and rests on.
the lips as shown in full lines. By then pushing or closing the change box this
plate m is lifted into position against the cone c as shown in Figure 5 for receiving
an impression.
After this plate m¹ has received the impression, the change box is drawn out;
during this time the plate m¹ turns over and following the incline o¹ of the guide o
takes its place beneath the plates m, at the same time that the following upper
plate m² tips over and takes the place of the preceding plate m¹ to receive an
impression in its turn after the box is pushed in again.
By the foregoing description it will be readily understood that the plates are
successively brought in front of the cone for receiving impressions and place them-
selves one under the other by pulling out and pushing in the change box as
described.
the
Referring to Figure 8, which shows the stop in its normal position in order to
obtain time exposure the stop is set by pulling out the rod g by its knob, this
movement draws along the shutters p and q², the openings of the shutters by this.
movement pass beyond the object glass and the crosspiece p² comes into engagement
with the catches and 8 on the levers r and s; when the knob is. let
shutter q² actuated by its spring g' returns to its first position, its opening q being
then in front of the object glass (Figure 9). By then pressing on the levers the
crosspiece p³ is disengaged from the lever catches and its movement is arrested by
the catches r, s, and the opening p¹ of the shutter p comes in front of the
opening 93, uncovers the object glass during the necessary period for time exposure
(Figure 10).
By again pressing the levers, the crosspiece p² is released and the shutter
returns to its first position (Figure 8) under the action of its spring p³.
For an instantaneous exposure the small handle & is placed in a horizontal position
shown in dotted lines (Figures 7 and 11) which turns the cam which by pressing on
the end of the lever r fixes it and prevents (when the shutter p returns) the cross-
piece p² from being stopped by the catch r It will be therefore understood that
when the stop has been set by pulling out the knob q as above described that to obtain
an instantaneous exposure all that has to be done is to press the levers to release the

page_text: crosspiece p² of the shutter p which under the action of the spring p³ returns to its
first position (Figure 8).
In order to bring one of the diaphragms y or z in front of the object glass their
respective levers are moved as shown in dotted lines Figures 12 and 13.
It is understood that I may employ my arrangements of change box and stop
either separately or together.
I can also employ my photographic camera or dark box for obtaining stereoscopic
views.
The shapes, sizes, and materials, as also the details of my apparatus may be
varied without alteration of the principle of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
My system of photographic camera or dark box with change box, the chief
features being the arrangement of a change box, and the application on the object
glass itself of a stop by which a time or an instantaneous exposure may be obtained
at will, arranged and combined in principle as above described with reference to
the annexed drawing for the purpose specified.
The 21st day of December 1905
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166 Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Charles Jean-Baptiste Echassoux.