IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK MAKING AND PRESSING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Constantine Fawcett, of Leeds, in the
County of York, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "Improve-
Penge
MT7G "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Constantine
Fawcett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th August 1874.
I, THOMAS CONSTANTINE FAWCETT, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK MAKING AND PRESSING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to machines for making bricks of dry
or partly dry clay, shale, or brick earth, and has reference partly to
improvements in brick making machines, for which Letters Patent were
granted to me dated December 8th 1873, No. 4045, and partly to other
machines for making and pressing bricks, and my present improvements
consist,―
Firstly. In constructing and applying a gauge to the feed hopper
comprising a cylindrical boss or barrel, having a cavity or recess formed

page_text: therein of suitable size or capacity to hold a proper quantity of the clay,
shale, or brick earth, and fitting so as to be capable of partly rotating in
a cylindrical box formed in the bottom part of the hopper. When the
cavity is turned towards the hopper it becomes charged with the brick
earth, and when turned from it the said brick earth is discharged into 5
a brick mould or passage leading thereto. This gauge feed hopper is
applicable to either cylindrical or disc mould table machine.
Secondly. In constructing and applying a spring bed or bearing for
the rammer to bear upon when pressing the brick form in the mould
for the purpose of obtaining more equal or uniform effects of the 1
pressure, and to assist in removing the forms from the moulds.
Thirdly. In constructing and applying a cam or cam-grooved boss for
turning the mould table intermittently, which is so formed and capable
of adjustment as to turn it the exact distance and then allow it to dwell
for the filling of the mould, then move another distance and dwell to 1
allow for pressing the form in the mould and the filling of another
mould, and so on, applicable also to brick pressing machines.
Fourthly. In arranging and applying a hopper either with or without
gauge, as aforesaid, immediately over the mould table for the purpose
of supplying the clay, shale, or brick carth, so that it may fall direct 2
into the moulds.
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pressing machine for
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Constantine Fawcett in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 17th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
CONSTANTINE FAWCETT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in

page_text: the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Constantine Fawcett,
Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Constantine Fawcett, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Constantine Fawcett, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK MAKING AND PRESSING
MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Constantine Fawcett, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Constantine Fawcett, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings
(that is to say:-
This Invention relates chiefly to machines for making bricks of dry
or partly dry clay, shale, or brick carth, and has refrence partly to
improvements in brick making machines, for which Letters Patent were
granted to me dated December 8th 1873, No. 4045, and partly to other
machines for making and pressing bricks, and my present improvements
consist,―
Firstly. In constructing and applying a gauge to the feed hopper
comprising a cylindrical boss or barrel having a cavity or recess formed
therein of suitable size or capacity to hold a proper quantity of the clay,
shale, or brick earth, and fitting so as to be capable of partly rotating
in the hopper. When the cavity is turned towards the hopper it
becomes charged with the brick earth, and when turned from it the said
brick earth is discharged into a brick mould or passage leading thereto.
This gauge feed hopper is applicable to either cylindrical or disc mould
table machine.

page_text: Secondly. In constructing and applying a spring bed or bearing for
the rammer to bear upon when pressing the brick form in the mould for
the purpose of obtaining more equal or uniform effects of the pressure,.
and to assist in removing the forms from the mould.
Thirdly. In constructing and applying a cam or cam-grooved boss
for turning the mould table intermittently, which is so formed and
capable of adjustment as to turn it the exact distance and then allow
it to dwell for the filling of the mould, then move another distance and
dwell to allow for pressing the form in the mould and the filling of
another mould, and so on; applicable also to brick pressing machines.
Fourthly. In arranging and applying a hopper either with or without
gauge, as aforesaid, immediately over the mould table for the purpose of
supplying the clay, shale, or brick earth, so that it may fall direct into
the moulds.
Fifthly. In applying a "pug mill" to a pressing machine for
Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a machine which may be used either as
a press for bricks partially dried or as a machine for making bricks
when used in conjunction with a "pug mill" or "hopper"; Fig. 2 is
front elevation of same, and Fig. 3 a plan view.
The first part of my Invention is shown at Fig. 1, where A is the feed
hopper for supplying the clay, shale, or brick earth to the mould in the
mould table B. This hopper is provided with a gauge consisting of a
cylindrical boss or barrel C having a cavity or recess D formed therein.
This barrel is capable of rotating on its axis, which rotation may be
imparted by crank from the driving wheel or other suitable source.
When the cavity is turned towards the mouth of the hopper it becomes
charged with the brick earth, and is then turned from it and the earth
discharged into a brick mould. The earth is prevented from falling out
of the cavity too soon by means of the plate c which covers the mouth
of the cavity until the barrel is turned sufficiently round.

page_text: The second part of my Invention is shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, in which
E is the mould cylinder and F the pressing bar, one end of which rests
upon the spring bed G, whilst the brick in the opposite mould is being
pressed. The elasticity of the springs after the brick has been pressed
lifts the same up in the mould, thus displacing air and assisting in
removing the forms from the moulds.
H is a cam-
Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the third part of my Invention.
grooved boss, in the groove of which the series of pegs on the plate J
enter alternately, and as the cam rotates, the plate, and with it the mould
table, are turned round intermittently, one part of the cam groove being
inclined and the other plain, as will be readily understood.
The length of the groove is such that as one peg is leaving it the
next is entering, whereby the plate and table are always under control.
The fourth part of my Invention will be readily understood on
reference to Fig. 1. It consists in applying the hopper A, either with
or without guage, immediately over the mould table for the purpose of
supplying the clay, shale, or brick earth, so that it may fall direct into
the moulds.
The fifth part of my Invention is also illustrated by Fig. 1, and
consists in applying a “pug mill" K to a pressing machine, as shewn,
for supplying plastic clay or brick earth thereto, and so convert it into
a brick making machine as well as pressing. In this case the hopper
is not employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Constantine Fawcett have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.
0
Witness,
J. W. G. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
THOS. C. FAWCETT. (L.S.)