Improvements in Apparatus for Decorticating or Hulling and Cleaning Grain and Seeds.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894 .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Decorticating or Hulling and
Cleaning Grain and Seeds.
We GEORGE BROOM of No. 78 Mill Street Kidderminster in the County of
Worcester, Mill Manager and JOSIAH HARVEY, Miller, and SAMUEL HARVEY
LOYNES, Miller, both of Oxford Street Kidderminster in the County of Worcester
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In order to facilitate the reduction of wheat so as readily to obtain flour of
superior quality and quantity free from offal and objectionable matter it is necessary
that the outer skin of the wheat which skin is bitter to the taste, possesses little or
no nutritious value and discolours the flour made, should be removed before the
wheat is ground.
Many attempts have been made to provide apparatus for effectually removing
the said skin, but hitherto such apparatus has failed to produce the desired result
owing to the fact that it has not been possible to set such apparatus so as to
obtain uniform results and neither remove too much nor too little of the outer
covering of the wheat.
Now the main object of our invention is to provide apparatus for effectually
removing the before mentioned skin without taking away any valuable constituents
of the wheat.
Apparatus under our invention consists essentially in the combination of a
stationary cylindrical or conical case having its internal surface clothed with wire
teeth in combination with an internal cylindrical or conical frame having its
exterior surface clothed with wire teeth when the axes of the cylindrical or conical
case and frame are vertical or nearly so, and when the teeth are disposed so as to
point upwards on the case and downwards on the frame or vice versa.
The case is advantageously clothed all round its circumference with teeth pointing
upwards whilst the frame carries teeth pointing downwards round part of the
circumference only.
The distance between the points of the interior surface of teeth and the exterior
surface of teeth must be such that each grain is acted on by both sets of teeth at
the same time.
We find that wire cards form suitable teeth. Any usual or suitable adjusting
devices for the teeth' and feed and discharge appliances for the grain are used.
The apparatus is applicable for decorticating or hulling and cleaning grain and
seeds as well as for acting on wheat as above set forth.
Dated this Twenty-fifth day of March 1893.
Per pro J. T. KINU,
J. Johnson,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Decorticating or Hulling and
Cleaning Grain and Seeds.
We GEORGE BROOM of No. 78 Mill Street, Kidderminster in the County of
Worcester, Mill Manager and JOSIAH HARVEY, Miller, and SAMUEL HARVEY
LOYNES Miller both of Oxford Street, Kidderminster in the County of Worcester,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
In order to facilitate the reduction of wheat so as readily to obtain flour of
superior quality and quantity free from offal and objectionable matter it is necessary
that the outer skin of the wheat which skin is bitter to the taste, possesses little or
no nutritions value and discolours the flour made should be removed before the
wheat is ground.
Many attempts have been made to provide apparatus for effectually removing
the said skin but hitherto such apparatus has failed to produce the desired result
owing to the fact that it has either removed too much or too little of the outer
covering of the wheat.
Now the main object of our invention is to provide apparatus for effectually
removing the before mentioned skin without taking away any of the more valuable
constituents of the wheat.
Apparatus under our invention consists essentially in the combination of a
stationary cylindrical or conical case having its internal surface clothed with wire
teeth in combination with an internal rotating cylindrical or conical frame having
its exterior surface clothed with wire teeth when the longitudinal axis of the
cylindrical or conical case and frame are vertical or nearly so, and when the teeth
are disposed so as to point upwards on the case and downwards on the frame
or vice versa.
The case is advantageously clothed all round its circumference with teeth pointing
upwards whilst the frame carries teeth pointing downwards round part of the
circumference only.
The distance between the interior surface of teeth and the exterior surface of
teeth must be such that each grain is acted on by both sets of teeth at the same
time.
We find that wire cards form suitable teeth. Any usual or suitable adjusting
devices for the teeth and feed and discharge appliances for the grain are used.
The apparatus is applicable for decorticating or hulling and cleaning grain and
seeds generally as well as for acting on wheat as above set forth.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of our improved
apparatus and Fig. 3 is a view of the teeth and backing one third full size.
a is a stationary vertical conical case carried by the frame 6 the internal surface
of the said cone is clothed all round with wire card c having the teeth pointing
downwards. d is an internal conical frame secured to a vertical spindle e carried
in bearings ff. Part only of the surface of the frame d is' clothed with wire
card having the teeth pointing upwards. g feed hopper. discharge spout. The
lower bearing f₁ of the spindle e is free to be moved up and down in the cross bar i
secured to the frame 6 and rests on a screw j. The screw j takes into a thread in
the bow k secured to the cross bar i. On the free end of the screw j is a toothed
wheel in gear with, a pinion m, the said pinion m is secured to a spindle within a
bearing n forming part of the cross bar and bow k. o hand wheel for operating
the pinion m. It will be obvious that by giving motion to the said pinion the
bearing is raised or lowered and with it the conical frame d so that the teeth cc
may be adjusted to the distance apart that is found to be most efficacious.
The teeth cc' may be reversed as regards direction and we have found in practise
that the best results are obtained when they are so placed, also the area clothed
on the inner and outer conical surfaces may be varied but we find that it is best to
clothe the outer conical surface entirely whilst the inner surface is clothed only
one fourth of its area.
Cylindrical instead of conical surfaces may be used but in this case the apparatus
is not so efficient as the distance apart of the teeth cannot be varied as required,
rolling motion is imparted to the frame d.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. The combination of a stationary cylindrical or conical case clothed
internally with wire teeth in combination with an internal frame clothed with wire
teeth when the longitudinal axis of the case and frame are vertical or nearly so and
the teeth are disposed so as to point upwards and downwards for the purpose set
forth.
Second. The combination of apparatus under our invention with adjusting
appliances substantially as set forth.