Improvements in and connected with Gas-heated Ovens.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 11th Apr., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Gas-heated Ovens.
I, MICHAEL MARY BROPHY, of the firmn of James Slater & Co., 251, High
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to gas-heated ovens for fixing or fusing in the colours when
colouring glass, for baking bread and the like, and for other purposes.
In carrying out my invention I provide a heating or combustion chamber in
which the gas is burnt, the floor of the said chamber consisting of a metallic or other
plate which is heated by the burning gas and which imparts its heat by radiation
to the glass or other material to be treated, so that such materials are not injured
by the fumes of the gas.
At each side of the heating chamber and opening thereinto is or are arranged a
pair or several pairs of regenerating chambers each of which has a series of perforated
plates of fireclay or other refractory material or firebricks suitably spaced and is
connected to a chimney flue. At the point of junction of the flues is a valve for
allowing the products of combustion to pass alternately to the chimney flue, the said
valve being controlled by a fly or_fan_arranged in the said flue similarly to
that described in an Application for Letters Patent of even date with this
Application.
The gas and air for combustion in the heating chamber are admitted at the
same time to the chambers alternately, that is to say, the gas is admitted to
one chamber and the air to the other chamber of each pair, the said alternate
admission being controlled by suitable valves actuated from the fly or fan.
In some cases I provide a carriage or trolly upon which the glass or other
material to be treated is adapted to be moved into position onto a frame beneath
the floor of the combustion chamber, and I provide means for raising and lowering
the said frame towards and from the floor of the combustion chamber. These two
latter movements I can effect automatically through the medium of suitable
mechanisin connected to the fly or fan.
In this construction of furnace the gas and air are admitted to chambers on one
side of the combustion chamber and burned in the same, the products of combustion
passing through and imparting their heat to the other chambers on the other side of
the combustion chamber.
The roof of the combustion chamber over the flame from each pair of regenerating
chambers is formed of such a curve as to radiate and thereby distribute the heat
equally on the floor of the said chamber.
In some cases when using several pairs of regenerating chambers 1 may arrange
that the admission of gas and air takes place in every alternate pair on one side of
the combustion chamber the other alternate pairs being heated by the passage
of the products of combustion from the said chamber. When this is so arranged,
however, I isolate the flames issuing from each pair of regenerating chambers by
division walls.
11000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Gas-heated Ovens.
1, MICHAEL MARY BROPHY, of the firm of James Slater & Co., 251, High
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to gas-heated ovens for fixing or fusing in the colours when
colouring glass, for baking bread and the like, and for other purposes.
In carrying out my invention, I provide a combustion chamber in which the gas
is burnt, the floor of the said chainher consisting of a metallic or other plate which
is heated by the burning gas and which imparts its heat by radiation to the glass
or other material to be treated in a heating chamber, so that such materials are not
injured by the fumes of the gas.
At each side of the heating chamber is arranged a series of regenerating chambers,
each of which contains refractory material and is connected to a chimney Blue.
Valves are provided for allowing the air for the support of the combustion of the
gas to pass through the two series of regenerating chambers alternately, the resulting
products of combustion being allowed to pass by other valves also through the two
series of regenerating chambers alternately to the chimney flue. All the said
valves are preferably controlled by a fly or fan arranged in the chimney fine in a
similar manner to that described in an Application for Letters Patent of even date
with this Application.
In some cases I provide a carriage or trolley upon which the glass or other
material to be treated is adapted to be moved into position outo a frame beneath
the floor of the combustion chamber, and I provide means for raising and lowering
the said frame towards and from the floor of the combustion chamber. These two
latter movements can effect automatically through the medium of suitable
mechanisin connected to the fly or fan.
In this construction of furnace, the gas and air are admitted to the chambers on
one side of the combustion chamber and burned in the same, the products of com-
bustion passing through and imparting their heat to the other chambers on the
other side of the combustion chamber.
The roof of the combustion chamber over the flame from each regenerating
chamber is formed of such a curve as to radiate and thereby distribute the heat
equally on the floor of the said combustion chamber.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a front view of the furnace constructed according to my inven-
tion; and,
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same:
Figure 3 is a section on the line A A, Figure 2:
Figure 4 is a section on the line B B, Figure 2:
Figure 5 is a section on the line CC, Figure 3:
Similar reference letters indicate similar or corresponding parts throughout the
drawings.
a, a indicate the furnace walls, 6 what I term the heating chamber, and a the
chamber, which, in my Provisional Specification 1 referred to as the henting or
combustion chamber, but which, in the following description, is the combustion
chamber only. The said combustion chamber is separated from the heating
chamber by the plated jointed in the walls a, as shown, and forms the floor of the
suid combustion chamber and the ceiling of the heating chamber. e, are chains
or the like which serve to carry some of the weight of the plate d in order to
prevent the latter from bending in consequence of the great heat to which it is
exposed.
are the regenerating chambers which are formed upon the opposite

page_text: sides of the heating chamber and communicate at their upper ends with the com-
bustion chamber c, whilst their lower ends communicate by means of flues g, g' with
the chimney h. Each of these chambers has passing through it a series of
pipes i,, the lower ends of which communicate with gas-supply pipes j., j', whilst
the upper ends are connected with nozzles k, k¹ from which the gas issues into the
combustion chamber to be burnt.
,are valves for controlling the admission of air into the flues g, g', and m, m²
are valves for controlling the escape of the products of combustion through the said
flues into the chimney h. The said valves are preferably sliding valves of the "hit
and miss"
type.
n is the fly or fan located in the chimney and the motion of which is utilized for
moving the various parts of the apparatus.
is the table or bed upon which the material to be treated is placed, the said
material being so placed by being introduced into the furnace through an opening o'
at the lower part of the same. The said table is designed to be raised in order to
bring it as close as necessary to the heated floor of the combustion chamber c. As
shewn in the drawings, this table o is suspended in the bights of four chains p, p, the
said chains being connected at one end to eyes 7, 7 in the walls of the heating
chamber and passing over pulleys ', and connected at their other ends in
pairs to two weights 9 by means of which the table is counterbalanced.
are pulleys secured to the table and resting in the bights of the said
chains.
The table is raised and lowered by rotating the wheels 2', 7' in the manner
hereinafter described.
r is the truck or trolley which may be used in conjunction with the table o and
upon which the materials to be treated are placed, the said truck or trolley being
wheeled through the opening of onto the table o.
The mechanism for transmitting the necessary movements to the valves 1, l, m, m³
from the fly n is as follows, that is to say, the motion of the fly-spindle is com-
municated through a worm s, a worm-wheel sand gear-wheels 2, s³, s1, sº to a disc t,
a crank-pin upon which disc is connected by a rod t (indicated by the dotted
lines in Figure 5) to a lever on one end of a shaft extending along the air-
passage or flue and preferably with two lever arms to, to, by means of which the
valves l, m are respectively operated. The valves l', m' are simultaneously operated
by means of a rod u connected at one end to the arm and at the other end to an
arm on one end of a shaft ² similar to the shaft t, and carrying at its other end
a lever for operating the valve ".
0
ارج
are cocks for controlling the supply of gas to the pipes j, j' respectively by
means of arms v², o formed integral with the arms to, us respectively, and of rods *, v³,
the supply of gas to the nozzles k, being shut off when the air-valve l' is open and
vice versa, that is to say, the supply of gas to the nozzles ¹ being shut off when the
air valve is open.
In order that the said valves and cocks shall be suddenly opened and closed, as
required, the lever t³ is mounted loosely upon the shaft t, and secured to the said shaft
adjacent to the lever is a cradle w carrying a ball or roller and provided with
two pins to, w³ against which the lever to can act, and with two pins w', w' designed
to act upon an arm to secured to the shaft t*.
The operation of this arrangement is as follows, that is to say, assume the parts
to be in the position shewn in Figure 5, if now, the rod t is raised by the disc t the
lever will act upon the pin to until the cradle w has reached the horizontal position
or slightly passed the same. The ball or roller ¹ will then roll to the opposite end
of the cradle to that which it is shewn as occupying, and so cause the said cradle
to suddenly oscillate upon its shaft, thereby causing the pin w to impinge against
the lever 0 and so rotate the shaft t to reverse the valves and cocks. On the
downward movement of the rod the reverse action takes place, that is to say, the
levert acts upon the pin w³ and raises the cradle until the roller to can again return
to the position which it previously occupied, so as to rock the said cradle and

page_text: cause the impingement of the pin
and cocks.
against the lever to reverse the valves
Motion is imparted to the pulleys q', ', in order to effect the raising and lowering
of the table, by the following means, that is to say, upon the shaft carrying the
gear-wheel and the disc is a pinion engaging with a gear-wheel, a crank-pin
upon which is connected by a rod to a lever operating in the same manner as
the lever, a cradle similar to the cradic w, the movement of the said cradle.
being utilized to cause a clutch splined upon a shaft to engage with clutch-
teeth upon one or the other of two bevel-wheels," Motion is imparted to these
gear-wheels, by means of a bevel-wheel mounted upon the same shaft as the
gear-wheel Secured to the shaft are two bevel-wheels, y engaging with
other bevel-wheels 'y' upon the shafts of one pair of the pulleys q, q', motion
being imparted to the other pair of pulleys q', g' through the medium of sheaves y²,
chains y, sheaves, shafts, sheaves y chains y', ' and sheaves ",.
secured upon the shafts of the said other pair of pulleys g', q'.
to
It will be obvious that the rocking cradle, by causing the sliding clutch
engage with one or the other of the two wheels," will cause the pulleys q', 7' to
alternately move in opposite directions in order to raise and lower the table towards
am away from the plate d.
.
In order that when the table o is in its lowermost position it may be retained there
without stopping the fly or fan and thus interfering with the working of the valves
and cocks, connect to the lever, operating the sliding clutch, a rod y" connected
to a lever upon a shaft y", having upon it a hand lever adapted to be locked by
means of a pin passing through a hole in the free end of the said lever y" and into
a bracket in conjunction with which the said other lever works.
is the door of the apparatus for closing the opening o', which door is counter-
balanced by weights, and when in the position indicated by the full lines in
Figure 2, forming a continuous rail surface for the truck or trolley between the
exterior of the oven and the table o, so as to bridge over the openings,
which the counterweights 2 drop when the table is raised towards the plate d.
into
is a gas-throttle-valve which is operated according to the temperature within
the heating chamber. The spindle of the said valve is connected to an arm
carrying a wheel sector engaging with a pinion, to a crank-pin upon which
is connected a rod, coupled through the medium of a lever to another rod
attached to one of the walls of the furnace. By this arrangement the expansion and
contraction of the rods", 10 serves to control the movement of the valve .
is a finger or pointer connected by gear-teeth with the free end of the lever
and working over a graduated scale to indicate the temperature within the oven;
such indication varying according to the expansion and contraction of the said
rods, 10.
The operation of the apparatus hereinbefore described is as follows:-Assume
the valves, m to be opened and the valves 1, m² closed and assume also the gas to
be issuing from the nozzles k¹, all as shewn in the drawings, the air for support-
ing the combustion then passes through the valve into the flue g, thence up
through the regenerating chambers and thence through the combustion
chamber, whence, the products of combustion pass down through the regenerating
chambers whereby the material within the same is highly heated, thence
into the flue g and thence through the valve m into the chimney: when, after
a time, owing to the rotation of the fly a due to the passage of the products of
combustion up the chimney, the valves 1, m are closed and the valves,m² opened
by the reversal of the cradle to as hereinbefore described, the direction of the currents
is reversed, that is to say, the air for supporting the combustion passes up through
the previously heated regenerating chambers and the products of combustion
pass down through the chambers, the gas at the same time burning at the
nozzles &.
By this construction of furnace it will be seen that by the materials to be trented
being introduced at a point remote from the plate d'and being gradually moved

page_text: thereto and therefrom they will be neither suddenly heated nor suddenly cooled, as
the operation of the table is so timed that, when the material arrives opposite the
opening o', it will be sufficiently cool to be withdrawn from the furnace.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A gas-heated oven in which the products of combustion and the air for sup-
porting the combustion are prevented from coming into contact with the materials
to be treated, the said oven being provided with regenerating chambers on opposite
sides of the same and means for causing air for supporting combustion and the
products of combustion to alternately pass through the said chambers, substantially
as, and for the purposes described.
2. In an oven of the kind hereinbefore described, providing the oven or heating
chamber proper with an opening near the floor of the same and with means whereby
the table or platform, upon which the materials to be treated are placed, can be
raised so as to bring the said table into proximity to the highly heated floor of the
combustion chamber forming the top of the said oven, substantially as described.
3. The manufacture and use of the improved oven hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 28th day of February 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.