IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED BREAD
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Scatchard, of No. 4, Cambridge Road,
Mile End, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED
BREAD."
.
Sealed the 25th September 1868, and dated the 1st April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Scatchard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st April 1868.
I, ALFRED SCATCHARD, of No. 4, Cambridge Road, Mile. End, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF AERATED BREAD," to be as follows:-.
This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus
used in the manufacture of aerated bread.
In the manufacture of aerated bread it is usual to measure out the
dough from the mixing vessel in which it is contained under pressure

page_text: by means of a measuring cock or apparatus which is opened and closed
by a hand lever to produce each loaf, and the operator has also by a
separate operation to place and remove the tins to receive the loaves,
and much time is thus consumed.
Now according to my Invention I give motion to the measuring
cock or apparatus by means of a driving band, or in other convenient
way I drive it continuously whilst the dough is being drawn off, and
underneath the measuring cock or apparatus I arrange an endless band
on which the tins to receive the loaves are placed; this band is also
driven continuously and it is geared with the measuring cock or apparatus
so that it moves on the distance between the tins during the time
between the discharge of one loaf and the next; the gearing may
conveniently be by means of spur wheels and pitch chain. In this
way the delivery of the loaves is rendered self-acting, except that the
empty tins have to be placed on the endless band and removed there-
from when full.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Scatchard in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
SCATCHARD, of No. 4, Cambridge Road, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-first
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alfred Scatchard, Her special licence that I,
the said Alfred Scatchard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Alfred Scatchard, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED BREAD," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Scatchard, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my; or their,. or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Scatchard, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus
used in the manufacture of aerated bread.
In the manufacture of aerated bread it is usual to measure out the
dough from the mixing vessel in which it is contained under pressure
by means of a measuring cock or apparatus which is opened and closed
by a hand lever to produce each loaf, and the operator has also by a
separate operation to place and remove the tins to receive the loaves,
and much time is thus consumed.
Now according to my Invention I give motion to the measuring
cock or apparatus by means of a driving band, or in other convenient
way I drive it continuously whilst the dough is being drawn off, and
underneath the measuring cock or apparatus I arrange an endless
band on which the tins to receive the loaves are placed; this band is
also driven continuously and it is geared with the measuring cock or
apparatus so that it moves on the distance between the tins during
the time between the discharge of one loaf and the next; the gearing
may conveniently be by means of spur wheels and a pitch chain. In
this way the delivery of the loaves is rendered self-acting, except that
the empty tins have to be placed on the endless band and removed
therefrom when full.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings

page_text: Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2 is a side view of the apparatus.
a, a, is the measuring cock fixed at the bottom of the vessel in
which the dough is contained under pressure; it has a piston working
in the way or passage through it as is usual and as is described in
the Specification of a Patent granted to John Dauglish, and dated
16th day of March 1864, No. 677. Underneath the cock a, a, there
is as heretofore a trunk or passage b, b, open at the ends into which
the tins to be filled are placed. An end view of this passage is shown
at Figure 3. In place however of working the cock by a hand lever
and placing the tins by hand in position below the mouth of the cock
as is usual, the cock as the Drawing shews is driven by means of a
toothed wheel c upon it, which gears with a pinion d on an axis e,
and this axis receives motion. by means of a driving strap from any
convenient prime mover. The axis e, is driven continuously, and the
pinion d is clutched with it by means of a clutch lever and clutch f
when the discharge is to be effected. Upon the cock a is also a spur
wheel gearing with another larger wheel h upon an axis i on which
is also a chain wheel k, and a pitch chain passes from this wheel to
another similar wheel m which is thus driven. The wheel m is on an
axis n carried in brackets o bolted to the trunk or passage b; p, p,
are hexagon drums upon the axis n. At the other end of the machine
are other hexagon drums q, q, the axis of which is carried by
brackets similar to the brackets o on the other side; 8, 8, is an
endless chain or apron formed of tin plates, each bent up to form a
flange at one edge; these plates are jointed together by wire hinges so
as to adapt the endless apron which they form to pass around the
hexagon drums. The speed at which this apron is driven is such that
the cock a makes three rotations for each revolution of the hexagon
drums. Then in working the machine the tins t to be filled are placed
on the apron 8 on one side of the machine, and they are carried
forward through the trunk or passage b, the bottom of which supports
them whilst they are within the trunk or passage, and as each tin t
comes under the cock a the motion of the cock causes a measured
portion of dough suitable to form a loaf to be dropped into it. As
the tins issue from the trunk or passage b after having been filled
they are removed by hand.

page_text: What I claim is, the combining the dough cock of aerated bread
machinery with apparatus which as the cock rotates or moves in
delivering measured portions of dough automatically brings up tins
or vessels to receive such measured portions, as described.
I also claim the general arrangement of apparatus used in the
manufacture of aerated bread, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Scatchard, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
ALFRED SCATCHARD. (L.S.)