AN IMPROVED MANUFAC- MURE OF MORDANT ADULICABLE TO THE DYEING OF COTTON AND UNION GOODS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Joseph Bird, of Stroud, in the County
of Gloucester, Dyer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFAC-
MURE OF MORDANT ADULICABLE TO THE DYEING OF COTTON AND UNION GOODS.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Joseph Bird
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th January 1874.
I, FREDERICK JOSEPH BIRD, of Stroud, in the County of Gloucester,
Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MORDANT, APPLICABLE TO THE DYEING OF COTTON AND
UNION GOODS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a mordant for cotton and
union goods that will admit of easy application and allow of the goods
being transferred directly from the mordanting bath to the dye bath. In
the mordanting of cottons it is usual to submit the same first to a bath
of shumac for about twelve hours, and after rinsing the same, to steep

page_text: it for another twelve hours in an alum bath. The goods then require
repeated rinsings to fit them for the dye bath.
--
I now propose to employ a mordant prepared in the following
manner :-I take nut galls, say one hundredweight, and reduce the same
to powder by grinding it or otherwise. To this I add starch in powder,
say fourteen pounds more or less, and to their mixture I apply the
following materials, using them in or about the proportions appended :-
Cream of tarter, one and a half pounds; carbonate of soda, three pounds;
and powdered alum, half a pound. These materials when mixed well
together will form an improved mordant. When required for use hot
water is applied thereto in sufficient quantity to form a limpid bath; in
this bath the goods are steeped for from five to fifteen minutes more or
less, according to their quality. They are then to be withdrawn and
may at once be submitted to the action of the dye liquor.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Joseph Bird in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
JOSEPH BIRD, of Stroud, in the County of Gloucester, Dyer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Joseph Bird, Her
special licence that I, the said Frederick Joseph Bird, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick
Joseph Bird, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MORDANT, APPLICABLE TO THE
DYEING OF COTTON AND UNION GOODS," upon the condition (amongst others)

page_text: that I, the said Frederick Joseph Bird, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Joseph Bird, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to provide a mordant for cotton and
union goods that will admit of easy application and allow of the goods.
being transferred directly from the mordanting bath to the dye bath. In
the mordanting of cottons it is usual to submit the same first to a bath
of shumac for about twelve hours, and after rincing the same to steep
it for another twelve hours in an alum bath. The goods then require
repeated rincings to fit them for the dye bath.
I now propose to employ a mordant prepared in the following
manner, and by preference in the following proportions:-I take nut
galls, say three quarters of a hundredweight, and reduce the same to
powder by grinding, and to this I add one quarter of a hundredweight
of tannic acid; I then take of powdered starch, say fourteen pounds
more or less, and add the same to this mixture. To complete the pre-
paration I apply the following materials, using them in or about the
proportions appended, viz. :-Cream of tartar, one and a half pounds;
carbonate of soda, three pounds; and powdered alum, half a pound.
These materials when mixed well together will form an improved mordant.
When required for use, hot water is applied thereto in sufficient quantity
to form a tepid bath, and in this bath the goods are steeped for from five
to fifteen minutes more or less, according to their quality. They are
then to be withdrawn, and may at once be submitted to the action of the
dye liquor.

page_text: I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent, I claim the improved preparation of mordant as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Joseph Bird, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy- &
four.