Year: 1885

page_text: I, GEORGE LEE ANDERS, of 90 Worship Street in the County of Middlesex,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a telephonic transmitter simple in
construction and efficient in action wherein the condensations of the air waves are
caused to relieve pressure upon variable contacts and so act upon the circuit to
transmit speech and sounds.
According to my Invention, in a suitable funnel or collector I suspend a piece of
cork or other material which carries one of the variable contacts, the other variable
contact being carried in the funnel or collector-The said piece of cork or other
material is so shaped that at its front side it offers less resistance to the air waves
than it does at its inward side and together with the funnel or collector forms a
channel for the air waves to be conducted to the back of the piece of cork or
the like.

page_text: I GEORGE LEE ANDERS of 90 Worship Street in the County of Middlesex
Electrician do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what. manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of my Invention is to provide a telephonic transmitter simple in
construction and efficient in action wherein the condensations and expansions of
the air waves are caused to vary pressure upon contacts as hereinafter described
and to act upon the circuit to transmit speech and sounds.
.
According to my Invention in a suitable funnel or collector I suspend a piece of
.cork or other material which (or a moveable attachment to which) carries one of
the members of the variable contact the other member of the variable contact being
carried in a funnel or collector or by some fixed part of or connected with the body
of the instrument. The said piece of cork or other material' is so shaped that at its
front side it presents less resistance to the air waves than it does on its inward
side and together with the funnel or collector forms a channel for the air waves to
be conducted to the back of the piece of pork or the like.
The funnel or collector I will refer to as the "deflector" and the body of cork
or other suitable material as the "collector" in the following description with
reference to the accompanying drawing illustrating means whereby my Invention
may be carried into practical effect. Figure 1'is a front view and Figure 2 a
vertical transverse section of a transmitter constructed or arranged according to
my Invention. Figure 3 represents in side view the collector separately, and
Figure 4 represents the deflector separately in vertical transverse section. A is the
deflector having in it one of the contacts a protruding into a cavity a³ in which is
suspended the collector B by means of a rod or wire 6 attached to a bracket c
fixed to the deflector A. The collector B carries the other contact b. The wire or
rod b
passes through an opening d in the deflector sufficiently wide to allow of the
necessary movement of the collector. The electric circuit is through the bracket c
wire or rod 6 and a continuation thereof or therefrom through the collector as
shewn by the dotted line to the contacts b and a the line wires being connected
respectively to the bracket c and the contact a.
The deflector and the collector should respectively be of materials of widely
different specific gravities and each should be so shaped as to suppress all flexibility
and so far as possible any molecular vibration such as has hitherto been made use
of in masses of stone metal or wood as used for example in the claque-boy, and also.
to avoid the sympathic vibration due to the use of diaphragms or tympans made of
membranes metal wood or other material as hitherto used in drums; telephones and
other like acoustic apparatus. The deflector and the collector are so arranged in con-
junction with or relatively to each other, that the centre of gravity in one is disturbed
by the proximity of the other when acted upon by sound waves. In order to fully
realize this result the shapes of the operative surfaces of the deflector and collector
and the specific gravities of the material of which they are made are important.—
By experiment I find the best form for the orifice a² of the deflector is that of a

page_text: parabolic surface in a considerable mass of lead or other heavy metal that will not
readily pick up sonorous waves but will deflect them in the required.direction, and
the shape of the collector I find is best made a combination of a sphere and a
cone the apex of the cone being directed toward the source of the sound waves.
The material of which this collector is made is preferably cork or other light
material. The conical surface of the collector offers but little resistance to the
sound waves and as they impinge upon it they are partially deflected from the
sides thereof to the surface of the cavity a² and are again reflected onward resulting -
in condensations and expansions of the air contained in the space between the
spherical face at the back of the collector and the apex of the parabolic cavity
where the contacts are situated. At this point the pulsations of the sound waves
disturb the centre of gravity of the collector owing to its lightness as compared
with the deflector. I do not limit myself to putting the contact in the precise
position shewn on the drawing as it will be evident that they may be in various
other positions the one on the back or the front of the collector or its moving
attachments and the other supported in a corresponding position on a fixed part of
or connected with the body of the instrument. The collector being suspended as a
pendulum within the deflector when the said collector is gently blown upon, it will
be found to move in a direction opposite to that in which the wind impinges upon
the instrument and the collector therefore may be utilized as a wind pressure
gauge if there be attached to the pendulum thus formed, a suitable registering
point.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
First In a telephonic transmitter a body situated and suspended in a cavity so
as to move therein under the action of deflected air waves in such manner that the
air waves vary pressure between contacts carried respectively by the said body or
its moving attachments and in the said cavity or otherwise by or connected with
the body of the instrument substantially as described.
Second-In a telephonic transmitter a "collector" shaped as illustrated, situated
in a deflector also shaped as illustrated they respectively carrying contacts, the
pressure between which is varied by the collected sound waves being conducted to
the back of the collector substantially as described.
Third: In a telephonic transmitter a collector and a deflector the former of a
material of light specific gravity as compared to the latter and so relatively shaped
and arranged that the condensation of the air waves causes variation of pressure
between contacts substantially as herein before described.
Fourth-The telephone transmitter constructed or arranged substantially as
bereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
D1 11:01 1
11000