matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Sensitized Photographic Plates and Films.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr., 1897-Accepted, 24th July, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sensitized Photographic Plates and Films.
I, DR. MAX LEVY, Engineer, of 26 Hawelberger Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire
of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
Rontgen (X) Rays have as is known the property of producing latent light
pictures on plates or films prepared for ordinary photographic purposes and coated
with a light sensitive emulsion, such pictures being developed as negatives by
the ordinary known methods. All experiments made with the view to produce
dry plates particularly adapted to the reception of X-Rays have failed; the
ordinary highly sensitive dry plate has hitherto been unsurpassed in practice.
According to the present invention an important increase of strength is attained,
that is to say the period of exposure is shortened, if the plates are covered with
several separate light layers placed one over the other. The most simple way of
carrying out this principle consists in depositing a light sensitized layer on each
side of a transparent carrier plate, such as celluloid or glass, which is made as
thin as possible and is chosen for its transmission of X-rays. It is only necessary
to take care that when in the baths, the upper and the lower layer be evenly acted
upon.
A strengthening of the action and consequent shortening of the time of exposure
is attained by pouring a series of layers on one side of a suitable plate. It is
then necessary to separate the thin layers from each other by a suitable material
so that the passage of the developer and of the light rays is unhindered, for example
sufficient separation is obtained by superposing several plates, or the like, layer
on layer, as herein described the thin layers of air effecting the separation. On the
contrary no success is attained by simply increasing the quantity of the emulsion
poured out or by the arrangement of various sensitized layers directly one on
the other.
If in the processes described a supporting plate is used sufficiently transmitting
the X-rays, it can be used on both sides and thereby the number of layers and
thus the superposed single pictures are doubled.
The principle is not only applicable for use with the X-rays, but also where
the corresponding photographically active rays are not entirely absorbed by the
upper sensitized layer; for example by using a suitable silver salt and suitable
strength of layer, a normal dry plate and with ordinary light, a second plate lying
thereunder may be sensitized and will reinforce by superposition.
my said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In the process of taking photographs exposing several superposed layers
C
1
10
A New or Improved Mixing Machine.
Year: 1897

page_text: A New or Improved Mixing Machine.
We, CARL FICKELSCHEER, Engineer, SIGISMUND RAHMER, Manufacturer, and
GEORG KRÜGER, Manufacturer, of No. 6 Töpfermarkt, Cassel in the German
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to a mixing machine in which the materials to be mixed are
moved to and fro upwards and downwards by a peculiar arrangement of the stirrers,
so that with a comparatively small number of stirrers an intimate mixture of the
materials can be effected.
The accompanying sheet of drawings illustrates a mixing machine constructed in
accordance with the invention, Figure 1 being a sectional elevation, Figure 2 a
sectional elevation taken on the line x-x of Figure 1, Figure 3 a sectional view
taken on the line y-y of Figure 1, and Figure 4 a sectional view taken on the
line - of Figure 2.
The cylindrical mixing vessel a has in its centre a vertical shaft 6 surrounded by a
protecting casing h, and turning in a foot-step bearing c in the bottom of the vessel
and in a neck bearing c¹ in the cover a'. The said shaft may be driven by a
belt-pulley d or by any other suitable means. Inside the vessel a are fixed at right
angles to one another in the sockets e¹ of a boss e secured to the shaft b, four arms f
which carry the stirrers g. These stirrers are fixed by set screws 9' at certain
distances from the shaft b. They are formed with oblique corrugations so placed that
those on the stirrers of one arm are inclined in a direction opposite to those of the
stirrers on the preceding and succeeding arms, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Every
stirrer therefore acts in a direction opposite to that of the preceding one, so that the
material to be mixed is moved to and fro, upwards by one stirrer and downwards by
the next following stirrer.
By this arrangement it is possible, with a comparatively small number of stirrers,
to effect an intimate mixture of the material and to reduce the power required to drive
the machine as compared with mixing machines at present in use.
The section of the
stirrers may be elliptic, with sharp edges as shown in Figures 3 and 4; but it may be
of any other suitable form.
The number of arms f may be varied according to circumstances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven⚫
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. A mixing machine provided with several rows of stirrers having oblique
corrugations, the corrugations of one row being inclined in a direction opposite
to those of the stirrers on the preceding and succeeding arms, substantially as
described.

page_text: Second. In a mixing machine of the kind herein described the use of stirrers
of elliptic section with sharp edges, substantially as described.
C. FICKELSCHEER,
S. RAHMER,
G. KRÜGER,
Per W. H. Beck,
115.Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.
Improvements in Ball and Float Valves
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ball and Float Valves,
WALTER OBEE, 23, Sigdon Road, Hackney, N.E., London, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the drawing I have shown the longitudinal section.
The box J is attached to boiler or other vessel, to be fed, by means of a pipe
from A to top of boiler or other vessel and pipe from B to bottom of boiler or other
vessel.
The box J is placed in such a position that rising or falling of liquid in boiler
from a given line acting on ball H_attached_to_lever-G-working-on-fulcrum-F
closes or opens the valve E thus opening or closing passage from C to D.
The valve E consists of a piston solid or hollow attached to a valve. The
top of piston is open to float-box, and the bottom of valve to passage 1) which
is connected to, boiler or other vessel, for feeding, thus making an equilibrium.
C is from pump or other source from which liquor is taken.
Dated 1st day of December 1897.
mprovements in an adv
WALTER OBEE, 23, Sigdon Road, Hackney, London, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In drawing left with Provisional Specification, I have shown longitudinal
section.
The float box J, is attached to boiler or other vessel to be fed by means of a pipe
from A, to top of vessel to be fed, or above water line; and pipe from B, to bottom
of vessel to be fed, or below water line.
The float box J, is placed in such a position, that fluid in boiler, or other vessel
rising or falling acting on float H attached to lever G working on fulcrum F closes
or opens the valve E that closing or opening passage C to D.
D, is attached to boiler, or vessel to be fed, and C to pump or other source from
which the liquor is taken.
The valve E consists of a valve attached to a piston the top of which piston is
open to float box & bottom of valve to passage D.
The areas, top & bottom, of valve are to be equal to one another.

page_text: In a float valve such as above mentioned, no matter what pressure you are feeding
at, the valve will open or close, with same weight of float, which only need be heavy
enough to overcome weight of valve E. Also that no feed water goes into float
box, to cause, pulsation of float.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
A float valve arrangement substantially as described with reference to drawing.
T
1 17- 201
WALTER OBEE.
An Improved Holder or Device for Securing Hats to the Head.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1837-Accepted, 1st Jan., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Holder or Device for Securing Hats to the Head.
I, NATHAN BENDIX of 2, Grunaerstrasse, Dresden, in the Empire of Germany,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement: --
This invention relates to a device for holding or securing hats of all kinds and
more particularly of ladies' hats, and which shall securely fasten ladies' hats on
their heads whilst being very easily manipulated.
The previous method of fastening ladies' hats by long pointed pins has the draw-
backs of perforating the hats and causing some danger to people near the wearer
owing to the projecting points.
All these drawbacks are removed by the present invention which consists in
fixing on each side of the hat a flap on which a comb or other suitable like device
is hinged or pivotally arranged.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is an elevation of the hat fastener;
Figure 2, a view of same in position on the hat and head.
As shown in Figure 1, the hat fastener consists of two parts a and b, the latter
being capable of being bent at right angles to the former or comb, if desired. The
flap bis provided with holes by means of which it can be sewn on the inner edge
of the hat or to the hat brim. A hinge c is attached to the lower end of the flap b
so that the comb « may turn or pivot on the part b. In consequence of this
pivotal attachment the part a may be pushed sideways into the hair. After put-
ting on the hat it is only necessary to push or firmly insert the teeth of the comb in
the hair growing on the sides of the head to impart a secure hold to the hat which
can even resist a strong gust of wind.
The comb itself may of course be of any suitable form and outer shape and may
be made of any suitable material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
A hat holder characterised by a side comb or the like being hinged or pivotally
attached to the hat at each side, said comb being adapted when inserted in the
hair to secure the hat in position on the head, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
1
100
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
Improved Manufacture of Artificial Leather or Leather Substitute.
Year: 1897

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Manufacture of Artificial Leather or Leather Substitute.
[A communication from GASTON BRIGALANT, of Barentin, (Seine Inferiéure) in
the Republic of France, Manufacturer.]
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 111 Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to an improved manufacture of artificial leather
er leather substitute which is termed fibroleum and is obtained by a process
whereby waste pieces of leather are treated and made suitable for use in the
manufacture of boots and shoes or for other purposes in which leather or leather
substitutes are used. The fibroleum prepared as hereinafter described is almost
as strong as pure leather and has the same suppleness and other qualities.
The leather-waste is first decorticated and shredded in any suitable manner and
is then made into a paste which can be spread to form sheets or rolls of different
sizes and thicknesses.
This paste may be also mixed with textile substances such as hemp, flax, jute,
wood or other cellulose and generally any fibrous material. For instance, the
paste may consist of from 30 to 50 per cent. of fibrous material.
Animal or vegetable glue or cementing material is also added to the paste in
proportion varying according to the result to be obtained. This cement serves to
render the product strong and compact, and waterproof, The material may bo
dyed in the usual manner and different shades can be obtained.
The fibroleum thus prepared is made into sheets or rolls either by haud or
mechanically then compressed, dried and rolled. It has then the appearance of
real leather. It may be ornamental embossed and used for papering walls
upholstery or decoration or in the manufacture of boots shoes and the like and
generally for any purposes for which leather or leather substitutes are employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The hereinbefore described process of manufacturing artificial leather
substantially as described.
2. Artificial leather obtained in the manner substantially as described.
Doted thie 28th day of June 1807
Improvements in or relating to Dust Proof Coverings for the Wearing Parts of Velocipedes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1897-Accepted, 29th Jan., 1898
TRUVIOIVAAL
DI BULTIVATION.
Improvements in or relating to Dust Proof Coverings for the
Wearing Parts of Velocipedes.
I, FREDERICK WESTWOOD, of Aitken Chambers, Cannon Street, Birmingham
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates particularly to a method of covering up the chain of a
velocipede, so as to prevent the accumulation of dust, but it may be also used to
cover up any other wearing portion.
I
I will describe it as applied to the chain covering or gear case as it is termed. These
gear cases are usually constructed either of metal, leather or other material.
propose to use leather or some other fairly pliable or elastic material.
Usually the chain guard or metal portion to which the leather or other material
is attached is a tube or shell of a semicircular section, and around this the gear case,
or leather or other covering is attached by means of cords which are laced into eyelets
or eyelet holes; but these are cumbersome, especially in the case of cycles for ladies,
as they are apt to catch and tear the dress."
By my improved method, instead of forming the chain guard wholly semicircular
in section, I form it so as to have a trough in the centre of the section outside. I
may do this by forming a trough in the semicircular chain guard as already described,
or I may reverse the section and at its edges form rounded tubes, so as not in any
way to cut the covering.
Instead of lacing in the ordinary way, I thread the cord or like substance into the
edges of the gear case and then pull the said edges into the trough before described,
leaving a perfectly smooth surface right away round the circumference of the gear
case.
Improvements in or relating to Dust Proof Coverings for the
Wearing Parts of Velocipedes.
I, FREDERICK WESTWOOD, of Aitken Chambers, Cannon Street, Birmingham,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates particularly to a method of covering up the chain of a
velocipede so as to prevent the accumulation of dust. These gear cases are usually
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 8th May, 1897
I, ALBERT BRINCKMANN Manufacturer of Altona, Ottenhen in the Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of the present invention is a cutter for cigars and a holder and
independent carrier for lighted cigars.
It is shown on the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 being a front view and Fig. 2
a back view. Fig. 3 represents its use as a cigar cutter and Fig. 4 as cigar holder.
Figs. 5 and 6 show back aud side views of a form of construction in which the
back support is hollow and takes a pencil.
The apparatus is made of metal and consists of essentially two halves a and b
connected by a kind of hinge and forming above the hinge a pair of pincers and
below the hinge a pair of scissors for cutting off the ends of cigars. A
support c, in the hollow space of which a pencil s can be placed, is so
connected by a forked link e to the hinge pin d that it rotates about d (Figs. 5
and 6) whilst its free end can also be raised to any desired degree from the
halves a and b Fig. 4. A spring with a knee bend is inserted around the hinge
pin d, having one of its ends fastened to the inner edge of one of the halves whilst
the other end is free and slides on the corresponding other edge when the halves
are moved. By this spring the halves a and b are kept apart on the lower side
and forced together at their upper parts. Both movements are limited by the
slot g of one
half and the pin h of the other half.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
An apparatus acting as cigar holder and cutter characterised by two metal
plates a and b, having approximately the shape of right angled triangles, being
laid with their vertical sides, provided with semicircular indentations, one over the
other and being movably connected between themselves, and with a support c, by
means of a rotating connecting stud d, a knee shaped distending spring inserted
over the said stud combined with the effect of a slot g and pin h in the plates
presses these so far apart that the semi-circular indentations form a round hole
with sharpened edges for the purpose of cutting off a cigar end, whilst above the
hinge pin semi-circular book projections to the plates a and b form a pair of pincers
for holding a cigar, which is independently carried by the apparatus by suitably
adjusting the support c.
Dated this 18th day of March 1807
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
An Improvement in Pen Holders.
Year: 1897

page_text: An Improvement in Pen Holders.
1, ALBERT EDWARD JONES, Surgeon, of Penydie, Crickhowell, South Wales,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to a holder for pen nibs so constructed that a nib can be
readily fixed to the holder, and can be easily released from the holder without
necessarily touching the nib itself, which may have upon it ink that would soil the
fingers.
For this purpose, I make the holder as I shall describe referring to the accom-
panying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side view of the holder stem H which may be of ivory, ebonite or
other suitable material.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a metallic sleeve S which fits somewhat loosely on the
front part of the holder and has on its side a notch cut out about the width of a
nib N. Into this notch is introduced the end of the nib, its edge being inserted
between the holder and the sleeve as shewn in side view in Fig. 3 and in transverse
section in Fig. 4, and the holder and nib being turned relatively to the sleeve in
the direction of the arrow in Fig. 4, the nib becomes entirely engaged between
the holder and the sleeve as shewn in side view in Fig. 5 and in transverse section
in Fig. 6. When it is desired to remove the nib it is only necessary to turn the
sleeve or to turn the holder and nib partly round until the notch of the sleeve
comes over the nib, which will then fall out as shewn in side view in Fig. 7.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
A penholder consisting of a stem provided on its front part with a notched sleeve
arranged and operating substantially as described.
31
1007
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Condenser for Use in connection with Carding Engines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 24th Nov., 1897-Accepted. 12th Feb.. 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Condenser for Use in connection with Carding Engines.
WILLIAM JAMES LISTER, Rivers, Dursley, Gloucestershire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A method of rubbing the fleece (which has been divided into threads either by
an endless leather tape or a series of tapes condenser) by means of two iron rollers
which are covered with leather & traversed on rubbing belts. The rollers have
an eccentric & rotary motion, which forms the thread before it comes to rubbers.
A belt may be used instead of rollers if required.
I, WILLIAM JAMES LISTER, of Rivers Mills, Dursley, Gloucestershire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention comprises a rubbing of the fleece after its division by an endless
tape or a series of tapes condenser used in connection with carding engines, and
before it enters the ordinary rubber leathers, for the purpose of enabling good
threads to be formed in a ready and efficient manner from long and coarse wools.
The accompanying diagram illustrates the application of my invention to a
tape condenser.
The fleece A as it comes from the doffer is divided by the straps working on
the dividing rollers B and C arranged in conjunction with further rollers, pulleys,
and other necessary parts of the machine, such parts not being shown in the
diagram. One of the divided portions of the fleece is then conveyed in the direc-
tion of the arrow 1 and is caused to pass through the additional rubbing apparatus,
whilst the other portion is conveyed in the direction of the arrow 2 and passed
through a similar apparatus at the opposite end of the machine.
The additional rubbing apparatus consists preferably of a pair of leather or
leather covered rollers as D D and E E', such rollers being traversed or recipro-
cated across the rubber belts F and G, respectively, by means of eccentrics and
rods or by other suitable mechanism forming a part of the machine.
In place of the rubbing rollers I sometimes employ a rubbing belt to be driven
by the action of the machine.

page_text: On leaving my additional rubbing apparatus the threads are conveyed through
the ordinary rubber leathers and from thence to the spools.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The rubbing of the fleece prior to its entering the ordinary rubbing leathers
of a condenser used in connection with carding engines, substantially as described.
2. The combination of an additional rubbing apparatus with a condenser used
in connection with carding engines, substantially as described and as illustrated.
001
N
1007
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13 Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.
An Improvement in Incandescent Electric Lamps.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 6th Mar., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Incandescent Electric Lamps.
We, HENRY CHARLES GOVER, Secretary of The Edison and Swan United
Electric Light Company Limited, and JOHN MILES MOFFAT, Electrician, both
of 36 and 37 Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an improved construction of glass bulb to be used for
incandescent electric lamps, in such manner that a portion of the bulb forms a
reflector for diffusing the light.
For this purpose the bulb or globe is made in two parts, the one part of the bulb
or globe being made of clear glass and the other part being made of opalescent
glass. These two parts are then hermetically joined together so as to form a bulb
or globe into which the filaments are inserted in the usual manner.
Instead of the two parts being formed as described and afterwards joined together
the bulb may be coated or covered with a film of opalescent glass or its equivalent
so as to become intimately attached thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Glass bulbs or globes for electric incandescent lamps constructed in two parts,
the one part of clear glass and the other part of opalescent glass hermetically
joined together, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. Glass bulbs or globes for electric incandescent lamps having a reflecting
surface formed by coating part thereof with a film of opalescent material, substan-
tially as described.
1040
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
An Improved Waist Plate or Stiffener for Shoes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 23rd Oct., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
An Improved Waist Plate or Stiffener for Shoes.
I, ERNEST BORREL, Merchant, of 24bi Avenue Daumesnil, Paris, in the
Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention for an improved waist plate or stiffener for shoes, is more
especially applicable to cycling shoes and has for its object to provide a stiffener
to be applied to the sole in place of the stiffener commonly used in the manu-
facture of shoes, which shall impart rigidity to the same between the heel and
toe and thus enable the full effort of the cyclist's foot to be utilised on the pedal.
With flexible shoes commonly worn, the effort made by the leg on the heel is
diminished on reaching the pedal owing to the bending of the sole thereby
causing fatigue and a loss of useful work. The waist plate, formed of a rigid steel
plate placed in the sole under the waist of the foot receives the action of the foot
directly and by its rigidity conveys the unimpaired effort thereof to the ball or
that part of the foot pressing directly on the pedal.
In the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings: Fig. 1 is a plan of a waist
plate constructed according to this invention showing its place in the shoe sole;
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the waist plate; and Fig. 3 shows a transverse
section of the same through the line A-B of Fig. 2.
The rigid waist plate is formed of a plate of steel Ccurved slightly and of suitable
form and thickness, its rigidity being increased by means of longitudinal ribs a
formed thereon. At the extremities of the plate are holes for fixing the same
between the leathers of the sole.
Of course the form of the waist plate may vary in a certain measure as also the
disposition and number of ribs to ensure rigidity.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is:
1. A rigid steel waist plate with longitudinal ribs applicable to cyclists shoes,
substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
2. The improved waist plate or stiffener for shoes, substantially as described
with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 17th day of September 1897.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1337-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1898

page_text: .
.
.
1.
1
the
are very frequently arranged so that there is an abundance of exterior light on all
sides. By projecting the prism plates out over the window and setting their prisms
at the proper angle, I can thus take advantage of the great quantity of exterior light
and obviate the difficulties resulting from the smallness of the window. The light
from one side of the window is taken in large quantities by the extended receiving
surface of my prism plate and thrown through the window in a given direction,
while the light from the opposite side is thrown in a similar manner. Thus the area
of illumination in the room is greatly increased, the effective area of the window is
vastly increased and the abundance of light on both sides of the window is taken
advantage of. This construction is also particularly adapted to be used in narrow
alleys, where the amount of light is limited and greater part of the light instead.
of coming from 'directly overhead comes from either side, the rays passing 'up-and
down the alley, as it were, substantially or approximately parallel to the walls of the
buildings. It will be seen that under such conditions these rays of light, which could
not otherwise be utilized; will be caught by the prism plate and directed into the
apartment to be lighted. In addition to this, if desired, the arrangement shown in
Figure 2 may be employed, and when'these parts are thus assembled together, a sort
of luminous hood is produced, which while taking advantage, as it were, of every
available ray of exterior light, still leaves the window opening, below free.
indicated, these several parts may be arranged so that when desired they may be
shifted from in front of the window. The prism plates, though arranged in vertical
planes, are not parallel with the window, though they project over, and preferably
cover the entire window space.
:
As
As shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7, a canopy is suspended at an inclination over
the window, and it is provided with a border or outwardly extending frame, which at
the sides or ends of the prism plate of the canopy are in substantially the same plane
as the plate, but the forward border is inclined thereto so as to be brought,, when the
canopy is in position, into a substantially horizontal position.
1
A is the prism plate of the canopy.
B¹ the side borders;
..
C¹ the forward horizontal border.
Of course I have not attended to the details of construction and in some respects
the drawings may be taken as diagrammatic. Neither have I attempted to show all
possible arrangements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
'tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
"claim is :-
1. A prism window consisting of plates which project beyond the wall and in front
of the window so as to inclose the window opening so to speak, the prisms being set
to throw the light through the window at An angle thereto. as shown and
()
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
An Improved Device for Sharpening Pencils.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 8th May, 1897
An Improved Device for Sharpening Pencils.
I EDWARD GARLAND ABELL of 57 Queen Street Brisbane in the Colony
of Queensland Patent Agent do hereby declare that the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved device for sharpening pencils which
can be produced at a minimum cost and is always to hand when required being
used in conjunction with drawing and school slates but I do not confine myself to
these only.
The invention consists in fixing by any suitable means on to the frame of a
drawing or school slate or upon a tablet or other analogous articles a piece of
metal or stone with a rough surface, or forming a composition having a rubbing
surface such as emery whereby the slate or other pencil inay be rubbed down to a
point to facilitate its use in writing.
Where I use metal I cut the face of the same similar to a file either single or
double cut and use preferably steel.
My invention adapts itself more particularly to school slates the school children
being easily enabled to sharpen their slate pencils without having to hunt for
some foreign substance to do so.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
In an improved device for sharpening pencils a piece of metal or stone having
a rough surface or a composition having a rubbing surface fixed to the frame of
drawing or school slates or upon memorandum tablets or other analogous articles
in use for being written or drawn upon.
Marcus LOVE
ຍ
IRTY, A.D. 200
E. GARLAND ABELL.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Protector for the Soles of Boots and Shoes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 28th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 28th May, 1898
An Improved Protector for the Soles of Boots and Shoes.
I, SILVESTER Fox, 153, Icknield Street, Birmingham, Boot and Shoe Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows: –
1
A skeleton plate of metal for aflixing by nails, rivets or otherwise to the soles
of boots and shoes for the protection of the soles from undue wear and tear, and
to render them more lasting. The plate is fixed to the flat of, and on the under
side of, the sole.
An Improved Protector for the Soles of Boots and Shoes.
SILVESTER Fox, Boot and Shoe Maker, 163, Icknield Street, Birmingham,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
A akeleton metal plate for fixing on to the soles of boots and shoes, and pro-
tecting them from undue wear and tear. The plate fits flat to the sole of the boot
or shoe without detriment to the sewing or pegging, and affords protection to the
broad part of the sole and toe alike. It is affixed to the sole with nails rivets or
the like articles.
The plate is in the form of two lobes (1, 1,) having a stem (2) with a head,
partly crescent shaped, (3). In this head, and in the rim (4) at the base of tho
lobes, there are holes for the nails or rivets for affixing the plate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what I
claim is:-
That the skeleton plate is an improved protector of the soles of boots and shoes

page_text: -The shape or the plate.
2 The equality of protection it affords to the toe and centre part of the sole.
Dated this 20th day of February 1898
Witness:-
E. TAYLOR,
Sandon Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
Silvester Fox's Mark, .X
Improvements in Interchangeable Garden Tools.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1897-Accepted, 5th Feb., 1898
Improvements in Interchangeable Garden Tools.
We, ELBERT OSMAN SIMMONS, Gentleman, and EDITH LYDIA SIMMONS, both of
Englevale, in the County of Ransom and State of North Dakota, United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention has relation to improvements in the construction of garden tools
or implements, and more especially to that class employed by hand, and the object
is to provide for the use of several interchangable implements in one handle for
convenience. To this end the novelty consists in the construction, and arrangement
of the same as will be hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointed
out in the claim.
In the accompanying drawings the same figures of reference indicate the same
parts of the invention.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an implement embodying my invention;
Figure 2 shows the tool organized as a rake;
Figure 3 represents it as a hoe;
Figure 4 shows the tool assembled as a cultivator; and
Figure 5 is a transverse section of the socket.
1 represents the helve or handle, provided with a metal socket 2. This socket
is formed with a central longitudinal rectangular orifice 3, which receives the corre-
spondingly shaped shank 4 of the blade 5, which is removably and adjustably
secured in said socket by the thumb screw 6.
7 and 8 represent longitudinal rectangular orifices in the socket, one of which
is located on each side of the central orifice 3. These receive the spring shanks 9
and 10, which are secured therein by the set screws 12-12.
13-13 represent the detachable cultivator blades, which are preferably diamond
shaped so as to be reversed end for end when necessary: They are provided with
sockets 14 and a set screw 15, by means of which they are secured to the outer
ends of the spring shanks 9 and 10.
16 represents the hoe blade and 17 the rake bar. 18 and 19 represent the
detachable covering blades, which may be adjusted at an angle to the central
cultivator blade to throw the soil from each side in towards the center of the rod.
Although we have specifically described the construction and relative arrange-
ment of the several elements of our invention, we do not desire to be confined to
the same, as such changes or modifications may be made as clearly fall within the
scope of our invention, without departing from the spirit thereof.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
A cultivator comprising a handle provided with a fixed socket having a central
rectangular shank orifice and lateral rectangular orifices, a removable rectangular

page_text: shank and lateral rectangular shanks, and the removable cultivator blades, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 24th day of August 1897.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
Improved Breeches for Riding, Shooting, Walking, and the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1897-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Breeches for Riding, Shooting, Walking, and the like.
EDWARD SCOTCHBURN SNELL, 5, New Quebec Street, Marylebone, London, Middlesex,
Tailor and Breeches Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to combine the advantages of riding and knicker-
bocker breeches.
The top sides of the improved breeches Fig. 1 are cut similarly to the top sides
of knicker-bocker breeches and the top side of the knee band Fig. 2 is cut to bring
the buttons down the front of the shin bone.
This portion of the knee-band is then sewn on, the top side being level at the
leg seam A-A, with just one half the top side being pulled on to it B-B.
The undersides of the improved breeches Fig. 3, down to the small of the knee C
and bottoms of leg seams D are cut similarly to the undersides of riding breeches.
Then at the side seams the other part of the kneeband is cut on at the small C,
bringing the knee buttons in the front of the leg; but leaving the side seams in
their proper place. This does away with the creases under the knees and also
removes the diagonal creases which usually form across the thighs of riding
breeches, at the same time giving the ease of knickerbocker breeches at the
knees.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent the breeches when made.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. The method of producing the undersides with part of the knee band cut on,
leaving the side seam in the proper position and having the buttons down front of
leg.
2nd. The breeches have the fulness and ease at knee of knickerbocker breeches,
but without the seam and surplus material under knee.
Dated this 30th day of December 1897.
EDWARD SCOTCHBURN SNELL.
An Improvement in Compound Pumping-engines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1897-Accepted, 15th Jan., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Compound Pumping-engines.
I, HENRY DAVEY, of 3, Princes Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
My invention relates to a form of compound steam pumping engine in which
the cylinders are single acting and work with the Cornish Cycle of steam
distribution.
Fig. 1, is an elevation of an engine according to my invention and
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of one of the cylinders.
There are two steam cylinders A and B the piston rods of which are attached to
slippers A and B¹ connected by rods E and F to a pin G on the rocking beam H.
The slippers A and B are separate being guided in the usual way and free to
slide along one another at L.
They are thus free to take slightly different positions vertically to allow for the
movement of the pin. G in its circular path.
The distribution of steam to and from the cylinders is effected, as shewn on the
drawing, by means of slide valves M and N similar to the arrangement described in
my specification No. 13,269 of 1897; the steam distribution however might be
effected by other means such as double beat or Corliss valves.
The distribution of steam in both cylinders follows the well known Cornish
Cycle, that is to say, during the up stroke of the piston of cylinder A, steam from
the boiler is admitted beneath the piston, whilst steam from above the piston, is
passing to the under side of the piston of cylinder B, and the steam above the
piston in B is being exhausted.
On the downward stroke both pistons are in equilibrium the motion of the
pump rod P being effected by its own weight.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
A compound steam pumping engine having a high pressure and a low pressure
cylinder placed side by side, their pistons being both connected to one pin on the
pump beam, substantially as described.
Dated thia 14th dow of Deanmhan 1007
A New or Improved Water Meter.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th May, 1897-Accepted, 26th June, 1897
A New or Improved Water Meter.
do
I, CARL PFEIL I., of Biedenkopf, Hessen-Nassau, Master Chimney-sweep,
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement:
This invention relates to a water meter in which the duration of the period of
consumption of the water is indicated by clockwork so that the quantity consumed
can be readily calculated from the duration of the consumption. The clockwork
may if necessary be so arrranged as to also indicate the quantity consumed on a
suitable scale simultaneously with the duration of consumption.
In the accompanying drawing the meter is shown in Figure 1 in elevation and
in Figure 2 in side elevation partly in section.
The valve spindle a of the stop valve b is prolonged to an extent sufficient to
carry a screw thread c of quick pitch which gears with the correspondingly milled
end of a rod d that is bent at right angles, as shown in Figure 2. The operation
of the valve spindle serves to move the rod d which is guided on a supporting plate.
At its upper end the said rod carries a leaf spring e which enters a clockwork f and
bears against the escapement wheel. When the cock. is closed, this leaf spring
bears against the escapement wheel and therefore the clockwork is stopped. On
opening the cock b and rotating the spindle a the rod d is drawn downwards. The
leaf spring e releases the escapement wheel and the previously wound up clockwork
begins to act.
Where the circumstances of the locality render it desirable the clockwork
may also be arranged laterally of the cock in which case there is then arranged
on the spindle a a toothed wheel which gears with the rod d (formed as a
toothed rack) and is adapted to move the said rod to and fro on its supporting
plate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what.
I claim is
(1.) A water meter characterised by screw thread c formed on the valve
spindle a by rotating which a rod d is moved in such a manner that when the
valve is closed a leaf spring e stops the wheel of the escapement, whilst when the
valve is opened the wheel of the escapement is released and thus the clockwork fis
enabled to act, as set forth.
(2.) A water meter constructed, arranged and adapted to operate substantially
as hereinbefore described and show
Dated this 24th day of May 1897.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Associate Agent.
Aw with te revolving on ball, cone, or other bearing, for all machines whether fixed, as stationary machinery, or moving as locomotives, bicycles, or the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: HENRY O'REILLY 249 Clonliffe Road Dublin Ireland Foreman Cooper do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A cogwheel with teeth revolving on ball, cone, or other bearing, for all
machines whether fixed, as stationary machinery, or moving as locomotives,
bicycles, or the like.
HENRY O'REILLY 249 Clonliffe Road Dublin Ireland Foreman Cooper do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
An improved cogwheel which by means of revolving teeth or teeth which
perform a partial revolution on an axis or working on ball, cone or other bearing.
To be applied to all stationary or locomotive machinery and bicycles or the
like.
In the case of a bicycle it can be used with a chain or the power conveyed
to the driving wheel by means of a series of improved cogwheels as shown in
drawing.
The inventor does not limit himself to the number or position of the wheels or to
a combination of chain and wheel.
The figure in drawing represents the application of the improved cogwheels to a
bicycle A being a wheel with teeth which revolve on ball bearings, and attached
to the driving wheel, B being a wheel of same construction attached to the pedal
crank, C the pedal.
The intermediate wheels are both on the same hub and the power is thus conveyed
direct to the driving wheel with the least loss by friction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1st. For an improved cogwheel with teeth, or part of the teeth, which revolve, or
teeth which perform a partial revolution on an axis, or working on, ball, cone, or
other bearing.
2nd. For its application to a bicycle by means of a series of wheels as shown in
drawing or by a lesser or greater number of wheels,

page_text: 3rd. For its use on all stationary and locomotive machinery and bicycles an
the like.
4th. The use and manufacture of the same.