matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL WATER, AND IN SOFTENING CLARIFIED WATER FOR RE-USE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hanson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1877.
JOHN HANSON, of Savile Town, near Dewsbury, in the County of York, Manu-
facturing Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE AND OTHER FOUL
WATER, AND IN SOFTENING CLARIFIED WATER FOR RE-USE."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method or process of
treating sewage and other foul water, such as that from sewage, dye, tan, or other
works or places; and it comprises a method or means of softening for re-use the
waters that have been clarified by any process.
In carrying out this Invention, in order to clarify, purify, precipitate, or make
colorless sewage, dye, tan, or other colored or foul water, I apply thereto or make
use of waste hematite, sulphurous gas, a mixture of alum, 'soda, and black ash refuse,
as defined below.
For softening clarified or purified waters I apply thereto or make use of carbonate
of potassa, also nitre cake.
To twelve millions of gallons of the sewage or impure water I apply or use about
two tons of the waste hematite.
For making the colored water colorless I apply or use sulphurous gas in sufficient
quantity to dispel the color.
To twelve millions of gallons of the sewage or impure water I also apply or use a
mixture consisting of about six hundredweight of alum, about the same quantity of
soda, and about three hundredweight of black ash refuse.
And to soften the sewage or other foul water previously clarified I apply or use
about eight hundredweight of the carbonate of potassa, or about ten hundredweight
of the nitre cake.
The waste hematite I use is a waste material from chemical works from which
the sulphur has been extracted, the sulphuretted hematite having been previously
used in the purifying of coal gas, and I use it as a ballast to assist precipitation.
The sulphurous gas I force by any convenient means into colored water for the
purpose of making the same colorless.
The-mixture of alum and soda I use is previously mixed with black ash refuse,
and in such proportions as to obtain the slightest possible excess of soda in the
water, and this mixture I use as a precipitant, clarifier, and purifier of foul water.

page_text: The carbonate of potassa, and sometimes nitre cake, I use for the purpose of
softening for re-use the waters that have been clarified by any process.
Any of the above-mentioned materials, or combinations thereof, I propose to use
as required, either separately or in conjunction with the ingredients or materials, or
any portion of them, mentioned or described in the Specifications of the Letters
Patent granted to me on the 20th day of January, 1876, No. 225, and on the 28th
day of July, 1875, No. 2675.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR VENTILA- TION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Sears at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1877.
JOHN EDWARD SEARS, of 26, Addington Square, Camberwell, in the County of
Surroy, Architect. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR VENTILA-
TION."
This Invention rolates to the ventilation of rooms and consists of the application
of working fittings to hollow window frames in such a way that a window frame
can be utilized as a shaft or tube for admitting air into an apartment, and the flow
of air be regulated or arrested at will.
The novelty of the principle consists in the application of working fittings to
hollow window frames for the purpose of utilizing such window frames as ven-
tilating tubes thro' which the ingress of air can be moderated or stopped
at pleasure, and can be applied equally to old or new buildings, as it in no way
necessitates any alteration of present window dressings, and can be fitted so as not
to be generally noticeable, while at the same time securing a good supply of fresh
air without draught.
All the present double hung window frames having the lower sash hung next the
room leave a clear surface of the frame at its base exposed to the outer air. This
can be perforated and a metal frame with wire gauze panel inserted, thro' which
the air will pass as thro' a sieve. The air will then rise inside the window
frame;
the upper sash being hung next the outer air leaves a similar exposed
surface of frame as below, next the room. Thro' this a perforation is made and
a working fitting supplied with pulleys, cords, &c., or other means for opening and
closing it, inserted thro' which the air passes into the room.
This Invention in its application to new buildings might be still further increased
in efficiency by increasing the size of the window frame and having the working
fittings regulated at the base of frame instead of from the head, and by using it in
conjunction with a provision for the exit of vitiated air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FANCY CLOTH, CARPETS, TRIMMINGS, AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Howard Blamires at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1877.
THOMAS HOWARD BLAMIRES, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Spinner and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FANCY CLOTH, CARPETS, TRIMMINGS,
AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
This Invention consists in producing designs upon such fabrics with or without
the use of jacquard or other apparatus.
My improvements consist in constructing the reed or slay in a wavy or curved
line, so that the weft, instead of being drawn and beat up straight across the piece,
will retain the shape of the reed and so produce the required design upon the
cloth.
This Invention will be readily understood on reference to the accompanying
Drawing, where Fig. 1 shews the reed A constructed in a wavy or curved line,
which beats up the weft in the same form as shewn in dotted lines B. In this
case the reed is constructed entire, but a double reed C, C, (Fig. 2) may be employed,
with spaces between the dents a, which will have a similar result.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SECURING THE ENDS OF RAILS FOR FORMING A PERMANENT WAY
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hall Adam at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1877.
GEORGE HALL ADAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, but at present
residing at Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of the same Town, General Agent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SECURING THE ENDS OF RAILS FOR FORMING
A PERMANENT WAY."
The object of my Invention is to prevent that depression and lateral motion of
rails at their joints which is experienced in permanent ways when passed over by
the wheels of locomotives and carriages.
Hitherto in laying permanent ways the ends of the rails are cut at right angles
to their length, and the extremity of one rail made to abut up against the end of
the other, the two being secured together by means of fish plates and bolts or other
approved attachments. This method however has been found to produce a great
weakness or instability, occasioning an unpleasant jolting of the locomotive and
carriages when passing from one length of rail to the other, which has caused in
some instances the train to leave the track.
To remedy the above evil I splay or cause, to be cut on the bias, or in a diagonal
direction, the ends of the said rails by any approved means, the apex or thin end
of the splay being at all times so placed as to be the last passed over by the wheels.
The ends may be either bolted by fish plates and bolts to the ends of the adjoining
rails, or they may be secured together in any ordinary or approved railway chair,
and keyed tightly up. It will now be clearly seen that on the wheels of an
approaching locomotive striking my improved joint they leave one rail for the other
gradually, and without a shock, thus removing that objectionable jumping and
swaying of carriages always experienced with the present system of rail joints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Chapman Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1877.
ROBERT CHAPMAN ANDERSON, of Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES."
This Invention relates to improvements on former Letters Patent granted to me,
and dated the Sixth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six, No. 4722, the object of the present improvements being to simplify the
construction of the valve by lessening the number of parts, thereby rendering the
valve more compact in form.
In carrying out these improvements, I do away with the lower part of the pressure
regulator, consisting of the valve and its ports, which performed the office of cutting
off the communication between the boiler.and chamber in which the piston connected
to the safety valve works, and I employ in place thereof a suitable cock or valve
operated by the piston or plunger in the upper part of the regulator, such piston or
plunger working steam-tight in the regulator cylinder, which may now be placed
either above or at the side of the valve chamber.
The upper end of the piston or plunger which is open to the atmosphere is loaded
by means of weights, or by means of a spring, or by levers to the required pressure,
and communication between the boiler and the under side of the plunger is effected
by means of a pipe.
The safety valve itself is preferably now made of the ordinary conical form with
suitable seating.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lacey Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1877.
JOHN LACEY DAVIES, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES."
.
"IM-
My Invention relates to brushes which are used for applying substances in a
liquid or semi-liquid state (such as paint, blacking, paste, and other similar brushes),
but more particularly to brushes called "shaving brushes."
The improvements consist in the application, employment, and use of a reservoir
or receiver for material, in combination and immediate communication with the
brush, by constructing the handle of the brush hollow, and providing at one end a
neck or tube (or tubes), around which the brushes or hairs are arranged and secured.
The hollow handle or reservoir is to be filled with semi-liquid soap (such as that
called French soap) for shaving brushes, and upon this soap, pressure is exerted by
means of a piston or plunger sliding within the handle, and acted upon by the
finger, so as to force the soap or other substance through the neck or tube, and
deliver it to the bristles forming the brush; or ordinary collapsible metallic tubes
may be formed with a neck and emission tube, and fitted with a brush around such
tube, the substance being forced through such tube by compressing the reservoir
tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING IRON SHIPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Woore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1877.
JOHN WILLIAM WOORE, of Emmett Street, Poplar, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING IRON SHIPS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in sheathing iron ships.
The sheathing materials which I employ are, first, in contact with the iron skin of
the vessel, on the outer side a thin sheet of marine metal, i.e., lead rendered as hard
by the addition of antimony as is practicable, without interfering with the metal
being rolled into sheets; next there comes a thin sheathing of wood, say, an inch
and a quarter in thickness, and on this again there is nailed the ordinary sheathing
metal, either copper or Muntz's metal I use by preference. I employ, as is usual,
felt or such like material between the wood and the sheathing metal.
In order to attach the sheet of marine metal and the planking or wood sheathing
to the skin of the ship I employ copper studs or rivets, and to receive these studs
holes are formed at intervals in the iron skin and in the marine metal sheets; the
holes in the iron I make somewhat larger in diameter than the studs, so that they
may receive tubular linings cast in marine metal, which serve to prevent the copper
stud coming into contact with the iron plate. The copper stud has a collar or flange
upon it, and when the stud is inserted from the outside into the holes prepared for
it in the marine metal sheet, and in the skin plate, the collar or flange on the stud
comes against the marine metal sheet, which, when the stud is clenched on the inside
of the ship, it binds tightly to the iron. The stud is clenched over a copper washer,
which washer is kept out of contact with the iron by a flange formed on the tubular
liner of marine metal.
The copper studs are of sufficient length on the outer side to pass through the
planking or wooden sheathing; they receive copper washers on their ends, over
which they are clenched. The wood is recessed to receive the washers, so that the
surface may be left flush for the metal or copper sheathing. The outer ends of the
copper studs, where they receive the planking or wooden sheathing, are made of
smaller section than the portions which pass through the iron skin, as it is important
that, if from any exceptional cause the studs are exposed to an excessive strain,
they should yield at the outer end and not within the hole in the skin plate of the
vessel.
AN IMPROVED MINCING APPARATUS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Nadal at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patonis on the 12th April 1877.
JEAN NADAL, of No. 94, Southampton Row, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED MINCING APPARATUS."
My Invention consists in an improved mincing apparatus, which can be conve-
niently used both for culinary purposes and to assist the mastication of food at the
table by infants and invalids.
This apparatus consists of a kind of pliers formed of two forks of steel or other
metal suitable for cutting purposes. One fork is jointed above the other in such a
manner that the prongs of the upper fork will fit into and exactly up the spaces
between the prongs of the lower fork.
The substance to be minced or cut is placed on the upper surface of the lower
fork, and the handles being pressed together, the prongs approach one another, and
mince or cut up the intervening substance.
The handles are separated again by means of a spring fixed between them or at
the joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Morton, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES."
led the 13th November 1877, and dated the 21st August 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1877.
ALEXANDER MORTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
This Invention consists of improvements in steam engines, so arranged that the
steam and water from the boiler or generator may circulate separately through the
engine or engines and other apparatus connected therewith, then combine, and
return together to the generator, thus rendering the use of high-pressure steam more
safe and economical than heretofore.
The steam engine or engines may be of any of the known designs, with the
induction steam connections communicating with the generator, as usual, but the
eduction or exhaust steam connections, instead of communicating with the atmosphere
or the condenser, as usual, they now communicate with the generator through the
intervention of an apparatus very like that known as an "injector," thus forming
a return circuit or course, through which the exhaust steam from steam engine
cylinders, although partially liquified, may be returned back to the generator.
This said "injector" or injecting apparatus may be of any of the known forms,
with the usual nozzles and inlet and delivery connections, but the steam inlet con-
nections, instead of communicating directly with the steain space of the generator,
they now communicate with the steam engine cylinder or cylinders, the inlet steam
Price 2dl

page_text: being therefore exhaust steam from the engine instead of live steam from the gene-
rator, and the liquid inlet connections, instead of communicating with the supply
tank or reservoir they now communicate with the water space of the generator
through the intervention of a refrigerator, which may be of any of the usual forms
for cooling liquids, although it is preferred to be tubular and similar to a surface
condenser, the liquid from the generator thus circulating through these apparatus
and connections being therefore of a high pressure and temperature instead of the
reverse, as in ordinary "injectors." The overflow and delivery connections through
which the combined stream either passes or returns to the generator may be as
usual, but with adjustable or loaded valves on the overflow and delivery passages.
In some cases it may be necessary to use air as the refrigerating medium, which
after passing through the refrigerator may feed the furnaces of the generator with
heated air, and a pump or pumps driven either by the main engine or a supple-
mentary engine, a jet of live steam, or other known modes or appliances may be
required to increase the velocity of the circulating water or the refrigerating medium,
but it will be understood that this Invention includes any of these modes or appli-
ances, or all combined, for the purposes before described.
MENTS IN WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Tevendale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1877.
ANDREW TEVENDALE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN WEARING APPAREL."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in wearing apparel, has for its
object to enable tight fitting articles of dress, such as waistcoats or other analogous
thereto, to all times fit the body in whatever position the body of the wearer may
be, such, for example, as when standing, sitting, stooping, or reclining.
The Invention consists in forming the back of waistcoats or other analogous
tight-fitting articles of dress with perforations through each half of the same and
which are laced together by means of an elastic as distinguished from a non-elastic
cord. The effect of connecting or lacing the parts together by an elastic cord is
that the article of dress expands or contracts or alters its form with the varying
forms of the body according to its position.
AN IMPROVED FOOD FOR ANIMALS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED FOOD FOR
ANIMALS." A communication from abroad by Joseph Senior Kirk and
Gustavus Ricker, both of the City, County, and State of New York, United
States of America.
Sealed the 15th March 1878, and dated the 15th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1877.
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent. "AN IMPROVED FOOD FOR ANIMALS." [A communication from abroad by
Joseph Senior Kirk and Gustavus Ricker, both of the City, County, and State of
New York, United States of America.]
This Invention consists in converting hay into fine meal by a process of grinding
or cutting, or a combination of both, and also in compressing the meal thus made
into compact merchantable packages.
In carrying out this Invention, hay is cut or ground by the aid of suitable
machinery, and ground into meal, which is afterwards compressed to such a degree
as to greatly reduce its bulk and facilitate storage and transportation, and greatly
increase its value as an article of food for animals, as hay treated in this manner
loses its original harshness and becomes soft, easily masticated, and easily digested,
affording a greater amount of nutriment.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th March
1878.
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent. "AN IMPROVED FOOD FOR ANIMALS." A communication from abroad by
Joseph Senior Kirk and Gustavus Ricker, both of the City, County, and State of
New York, United States of America.
This Invention consists in converting hay into fine meal by a process of grinding
or cutting, or a combination of both, and also in compressing the meal thus made
into compact merchantable packages.
1
According to this Invention the hay is, by the aid of suitable machinery, ground,
or cut and ground into meal, which is afterwards compressed to such a degree as to
greatly reduce its bulk and facilitate storage and transportation. Hay treated in
this manner is greatly increased in value as an article of food for animals, as it
loses its original harshness and becomes soft, easily masticated and digested, thus
affording a greater amount of nutriment.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
1st. As an improved article of food for animals, hay formed into meal by a
process of cutting or grinding, or both, as herein specified.
2nd. As an improved article of merchandise, hay when formed into meal and
compressed, as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
WM CLARK
Tol
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PREPARING SALT AND OTHER MATTERS FOR DOMESTIC USE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Fryer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1877.
DANIEL FRYER, of 18, Carlton Square, Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey.
" A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PREPARING SALT AND OTHER MATTERS FOR
DOMESTIC USE."
The object of this Invention is to provide an expeditious and efficacious means of
grating or reducing to powder salt or other similar articles of domestic use.
Under one form or modification the machine consists of a rectangular or vertical
casing having enclosed within it a wire drum or cylinder. This drum consists of a
skeleton cylindrical frame surrounded externally with wire gauze, the meshes of
which are suited to the degree of fineness required in the powdered article. The
wire drum is supported upon a transverse axle, and is driven by a handle fitted
upon the axle outside the casing of the machine. Two slips of india-rubber are
fitted on each side of the wire drum to prevent any coarse particles of salt or other
material from passing to the receiving drawer arranged at the lower part of the
machine. Thus, if salt is the substance required to be reduced the block rests upon
the periphery of the drum, the rotation of which grates or abrades the material, and
the finely powdered product is carried through the meshes of the wire cylinder into
the receiver beneath, thus receiving a double course of sifting.
The addition of a cross bar with a vertical screw so as to bring pressure upon the
substance to be granulated will admit of its being applied to the reducing of any
light material, such as seeds or other vegetable substances. In this way salt, bread,
vegetables, or any substance or material required for domestic or other purposes may
be readily, quickly, and conveniently reduced to a finely powdered state and fit for
immediate use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTING ORDNANCE, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lothian Kerr Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1877.
LOTHLAN KERR SCOTT, Captain in Her Majesty's Royal Engineers, Junior United
Service Club, Charles Street, St. James', London, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTING ORDNANCE, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN.'
This Invention relates to "revolving sights" for remedying the errors due to the
inclination of the existing sights when the gun wheels are not on a level platform,
and also for dispensing with all the calculations at present necessary for accurate
shooting in gunnery practice.
These improved sights, which I designate as "Scott's revolving sights," consist of
a foresight and backsight, rigidly connected together by means of a rod of metal, so
that when the backsight is moved into an upright position the foresight will also
move with it into a similar position. The backsight consists of two parts, 1st, a
hinged flap and slider, which can be laid down into a horizontal position on the
bar; and 2ndly, a piece of metal, which is attached to the above-mentioned bar,
& which can be moved into a vertical position when the gun wheels are not on
the level. The verticality, or otherwise, of the sights can be determined by the eye,
by a plumb line, or by a pocket level, which fits on to the hinged flap or to any
other convenient part. The slider is provided with a deflection scale, and the fore-
sight and backsight may be shaded from the sunlight by any convenient appliances.
To use the revolving sights when the gun wheels are not on the level, and the
wind (say) is blowing from the right, without the employment of any calculations,
at a range of 3,000 yards, level the sights vertically by slow motion screw, make
allowance on deflection scale according to the force of the wind, and direct the line
of deflection determined upon and the tip of the foresight on the object, lay the flap
down on the bar, and fire. If the shot does not strike the mark but goes to the right
of it, run the gun up into its former position, level the sights as before, and aim with
D
77

page_text: the same "line of sight" at the object, then carry the eye along the deflection scale
of the slider until a deflection line, the tip of the foresight, and the point of impact
of shot are in line. This will be the correct "line of sight" acquired without any
calculations till the force or direction of the wind changes.
The Drawing accompanying this Specification illustrates my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Greening at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1877.
WILLIAM HENRY GREENING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS."
In
This Invention has for its object the adaptation to metallic bedsteads of a simple
appliance for carrying a valance at the sides and feet, with a view to obviating the
unsightliness and inconvenience of tieing them over the angle iron frame.
effecting this I can employ various methods of attaching a free rod or lath by which
the valance is carried, either to the frame or to the stock forming a portion of the
pillar; thus, by cutting in each of the stocks slots the balance rod may be slipped
into such slots, and if requisite may be secured therein by a cotter pin or wedge;
or holes may be sunk in each stock, and the valance rods may be sprung into such
sinkings, thus requiring nothing more to retain them; or the valance rod may be
furnished at each end with a drop pin, which pins being inserted in corresponding
holes pierced through the angle iron or metal frame would retain the valance rod in
position; or by piercing the angle iron or metal frame, or by turning over one edge
of the same an attachment may be made by means of curtain hooks on the valance
engaging in the piercings or on the turned over edge of the frame; or I can form a
rod having upon each end a clip pinned freely to the rod, and capable of turning
upon the pin, so that when turned at right angles with the rod the clip engages
with the angle iron frame, and is hooked on to it, and thus carries the valance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FIXING AND SECURING THE HANDLES OF KNIVES, FORKS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF CUTLERY
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Fagan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1877.
PATRICK FAGAN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Horn, Scale, and Haft Cutter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FIXING AND SECURING THE HANDLES OF KNIVES,
FORKS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF CUTLERY."
My Invention has reference especially to knives and forks, the handles of which
are made fromsheep's shanks, and is intended to provide a means of securing handles
to the blades of knives or prongs of forks, without the use of pins, screws, rivets,
and caps, or other ordinary fasteners.
And my Invention consists in making the tang the full length of the handle, from
the bolster, or nearly so, and forming at or in its end near the end of the handle,
notches or recesses adapted to receive molten metal or cement poured or inserted in
the end of the handle, and thereby secure the handle to the blade of the knife or
prong of the fork, without any other fastening. The hollow part of the handle
enclosing and surrounding the remaining portion of the tang will be filled in with
resin or other suitable material as usual.
Handles fixed or secured to the blades of knives and the prongs of forks in the
manner stated above will not be liable to become loosened by their being immersed
in hot water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR TELEGRAPHING, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR REGISTERING OR RECORDING ELECTRICAL ACTION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir James Anderson, Knight, Henry
Nicholas Blackwood-Price, and Henry George Cheesman, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1877.
.
SIR JAMES ANDERSON (Knight), of Old Broad Street, in the City of London,
HENRY NICHOLAS BLACKWOOD-PRICE, of Downpatrick, in the County of Down,
Ireland, and HENRY GEORGE CHEESMAN, of Portlicwrno, in the County of Cornwall.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR TELEGRAPHING, APPLICABLE
ALSO FOR REGISTERING OR RECORDING ELECTRICAL ACTION."
This Invention has for its object the production of telegraphic signals,--
Firstly. By means of the movements of a ray or spot of light; and,
Secondly. The recording of such signals by projecting the said ray of light upon
sensitized paper or other material.
The improvements consist in the arrangement of a ray of light so that it may be
reflected from a delicately suspended mirror upon a band of sensitized paper or
material, the said paper or material being so arranged that it will travel at a uniform
rate, and always in the focus of the ray of light. For the reflector we use the
mirror in the ordinary mirror galvanometers, or it may be attached to a movable
electro-magnet, or coil, or armature, suspended in a field of magnetism. The lamp
used for producing the ray of light is fitted with suitable lenses for focussing the
light upon the mirror, the deflections of which are recorded upon the sensitized
paper or material; the band of paper or material is made to run over a slightly
concave roller in order that the focus of the ray of light may be equal at each
portion of the radii of the mirror's deflection; the sensitized band is unrolled by
simple mechanical means in a darkened box, the ray of light being adjusted parallel
with a slot therein. As the paper continues to move forward the deflections of the
light are photographed upon it, and it may then be passed through a developing and
fixing process by any of the well-known means. This arrangement may be used
for the production of telegraphic signals, or for registering the value and strength
of earth currents, magnetic and electrical disturbances, and such like.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MULES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eli Crawshaw and Joseph Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1877.
ELI CRAWSHAW and JOSEPH SMITH, of Huddersfield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MULES."
This Invention relates to improvements in spinning mules, and to what is known
as the "strapping motion" of such machinery, and consists in the adoption of
mechanism for the adjustment of the chain or other medium, whereby it is made
more easy, precise, and definite than heretofore, and has for its object the prevention
of snarls or curling of cotton during the process of building, or the formation of a
cotton cop on the spinning mule.
Hitherto the end of chain or other suitable medium from the lever of the said
strapping motion has been regulated and actuated at will of the operator or
attendant by an adjustable stud sliding in a slotted bracket to which the said
chain or medium has been attached; and instead of this we propose to mount a
sliding stud, actuated by a screw passing through the said sliding stud in such
manner that we can regulate and determine its traverse or position with certainty
of maintaining the position to which it may be from time to time so set or adjusted,
thereby preventing the snarls or curling in cotton spinning herein alluded to.
The screw may be held in position by catch acting on a ratchet wheel on the top
of the screw. Or the same object may be attained by means of a catch, ratchet
wheel, or pawl, all of which are intended to dispense with the present uncertainty
found to result from the use of the sliding bracket so difficult to adjust and regulate,
and so liable to move from its position as to render snarls unavoidable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING FRUIT, VEGETABLES, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Alfred Oakes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1877. (Partly a communi-
cation from abroad by Andrew Jackson Reynolds, of Chicago, in the United
States of America.)
BENJAMIN ALFRED OAKES, of No. 8, Russell Road, Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING FRUIT, VEGETABLES, AND
THE LIKE." [Partly a communication from abroad by Andrew Jackson Reynolds, of
Chicago, in the United States of America.]
On the 4th October 1875, I obtained Letters Patent, No. 3443, for an Invention
communicated to me from abroad by A. J. Reynolds, of "Improvements in Apparatus
for Drying Fruit, Vegetables, and other Matters, for the better Preservation
thereof."
The present Invention relates to farther improvements in apparatus for the same
purpose.
The improved apparatus consists of a hot air stove surmounted by a series of
perforated trays placed over one another, the said trays having rims which keep
them a suitable distance apart, and which form a complete enclosure for the fruit
or vegetables that are laid on the trays within.
The stove is preferably of circular form, consisting of an internal fire-chamber
surrounded by an annular passage, up which air passes to the trays above, becoming
licated as it passes the walls of the fire-chamber; and in order to heat it more
effectually a number of ribs or feathers are formed on these walls, so as to present
an increased heating surface. Or instead of such ribs or feathers, cups or closed
tubes may be made to project from the wall of the fire-chambers into the air space
surrounding it. The heated air ascending from the stove is guided by suitable
deflectors, for which revolving vanes may be substituted, so as to be uniformly
diffused over the bottom of the lowest tray, and it ascends through the successive
rays and the interstices of the fruit or vegetables placed thereon, drying them ás
t passes, and finally escaping or being led to a flue or other outlet.
The draught may be increased by the use of a fan or other suitable blowing or
extracting apparatus.
The trays are provided with suitable handles by which they can be lifted, and a
rane jib is mounted over them by which any number of them can be raised when
[Duine 037

page_text: required, and turned aside for discharging or charging. Their lifting for this purpose
may be effected by a chain worked by a winch or by a screw, or other convenient
means, and a portion of their weight may be counterbalanced.
For some purposes the trays are made with a double rim, an internal rim per-
forated, and an external one closed, an annular air space being provided between the
two rims, and the perforations of the inner rim may be more or less closed by a
rotating valve or ring, having perforations corresponding with those in the rim
which can be shifted, so as to open or close them more or less as required.
AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Paul Georges Marié at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1877.
PIERRE PAUL GEORGES MARIE, of Paris, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC
ELEVATOR."
My Invention relates to that description of hydraulic clevators or lifts in which
a platform moving up and down between vertical guides is suspended from over-
head chains, with balance weights, and is moved up and down by the ram or
plunger of a hydraulic cylinder acting on the under side of the platform.
In such lifts as heretofore constructed, the rams or plungers have been made to
extend from their hydraulic cylinders to the under side of the platform without any
guides, as these were inadmissable on account of the space beneath the platform
having to be kept perfectly free. Consequently these rams had to be made of such
a strength that, should one or more of the chains to the balance weights break
when the platform was raised to a considerable height, the ram should be strong.
enough to bear the weight of the platform without flexure.
According to my present Invention, instead of arranging the hydraulic cylinders
and their rams immediately beneath the platform, I construct the vertical guides
for the latter hollow, and I arrange the hydraulic rams to move up and down inside
these guides, which are thus also made to act as guides for the rams along their whole
length of travel, and the rams can thus be made of comparatively small diameter
and hollow, as they would have to resist no tendency to flexure. The said hollow
guides are made with a longitudinal slit, through which pass lugs fixed to the
platform, the rams being made to act on these lugs for raising and lowering the
platform.
The supporting chains may also be conveniently attached to these lugs, and
passing over pulleys at top of the framing, be connected to balance weights inside
those of the hollow guides in which there are no rams.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHERS' HEAD RESTS OR SUPPORTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Paterson White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1877.
JAMES PATERSON WHITE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Photographer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHERS' HEAD RESTS OR SUPPORTS."
This Invention relates to improved apparatus to be used by photographers for
affording rest or support, and to facilitate the maintaining of steadiness by persons
being photographed."
The improved apparatus comprises a horizontal bar or tube, which is to be fixed
or held in any convenient way near the floor. To this horizontal bar there is
adapted a long arm consisting of two or more pieces fitted to each other tele-
scopically, or in an equivalent manner, so that the arm may be set to different
lengths, pinching screws or equivalent appliances being used for fixing or holding
the parts when set.
The arm is fitted to the horizontal bar so as to be capable of sliding along it and
also of turning round it, and pinching screws or equivalent appliances are provided
for fixing it in any position.
The arm itself may be made so as by being screwed inwards or outwards in its
foot piece which connects it to the horizontal bar to fix or loosen it thereon.
Any position within the range for which the apparatus is constructed can be
given to the outer end of the arın (which is formed with or has attached to it the
usual head rest details) by adjusting it in one or more of three different ways,
namely, sliding along the bar, turning or moving angularly on the bar, and
lengthening or shortening of the arm.
Where an additional support is wished this may consist of a rod capable of being
turned on a pin fixed in a piece which is fitted to turn and slide on the arm,
pinching screws or other fixing appliances being provided.
The overhanging weight of the arm may be counterbalanced by adding weight
to the foot piece on the opposite side of the bar.
Two or more arms may be mounted on the same bar to be used in photographing
groups or otherwise.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTION OF FINGERS FOR MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1877.
ANDREW WILSON, Iron and Steel Stamper and General Machinist, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND
PRODUCTION OF FINGERS FOR MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES."
My Invention is intended to simplify the production and also economise the cost
of fingers for mowing and reaping machines.
Hitherto these articles have been made of malleable cast iron, and thereby liable
to constant breakage, or produced from wrought iron with the extra wearing parts
steeled; very expensive mode of production.
Now my improvements consist in stamping the whole of the said finger from
steel or steel and iron in suitable dies, and forming the slot or gap in which the
cutter works by suitable rolls or their equivalent. This I effect by so forming my
dies for the first process that a piece of steel is left standing out at right angles from
the lengthening of the finger. In the second or finishing process pass the reverse
or point end of the finger into a suitably formed gap in a pair of rolls, which has
the effect when the finger is sufficiently pressed in to turn down the right-angled
piece before referred to over, so that its underside and the other or body part of the
finger will form the guide slot or gap, thus completing at two operations and one
heating the production of the finger, thereby simplifying and reducing the cost and
increasing their duribility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTO- GRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dominique Scotellari at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1877.
DOMINIQUE SCOTELLARI, of Antwerp, in the Kingdom of Belgium, but at present
of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTO-
GRAPHIC APPARATUS."
The object of this Invention is to reduce the time of sitting during photographic
operations.
The apparatus made according to this Invention is applicable to and placed on
the rim of the objective or lens of the photographic camera, so that the light has to
pass through it on its way to the lens.
The shape of the apparatus is cylindrical, like a box cover or frame. At or about
the centre there is an aperture, wherein some transparent substance is placed, but
rendered opaque, and colored either violet, indigo, purple, or blue, so as to allow a
certain quantity of photogenic light to pass through.
A cover is provided which may be turned or slid over the aperture, so as to shut
out the light, and thus prevent the action thereof when required.
UMBRELLA AND SUNSHADE HANDLES AND STICKS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1877.
GEORGE BONE, of Southwark Street, in the County of Surrey.
IN UMBRELLA AND SUNSHADE HANDLES AND STICKS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
According to this Invention I make the handle of the umbrella or sunshade to fit
in or on the stick so as to turn or slide, or both, and I fix the "tip cap" to the
handle. The tip cap is passed over the tips by pushing the handle down into or on
to the stick; this may be done by a screwing action, the handle being fitted with
a peg and the stick with a corresponding screwed groove with bayonet joint-like
terminations, wherein the peg may be held securely by a spiral or other spring, or
vice versa; or the one may simply form the nut for the other, or in any other con-
venient manner; or the one may be pushed straight into the other, and, if required,
held in the extreme position by spring or catch appliance. The tip cap being a
fixture is thus prevented from getting loose, as is the case with ordinary loose
sliding tip caps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1877 A communi-
cation from abroad by Madame Veuve Jacques Andié (Constructeur), of Thann,
Alsatia
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES" A
coinmunication from abroad by Madame Veuve Jacques Andié (Constructeur), of
Thann, Alsatin
The use of the steam jacket in connection with the cylinders of steam engines,
and the advantages attendant thei cupon are well known, but the diagrams taken by
the dynamometer show that a large amount of condensation still takes place,
portion of the condensed steam in the cylinder is evaporated anew during the
expansion, and another very important portion is also evaporated, but by taking the
heat from the surrounding parts of the engine, thus causing a rapid cooling of such
parts
Those parts which are immediately surrounded by the steam jacket are instantly
eheated, but those parts which are not so surrounded, such for instance as the
piston and rod, are relatively cold on the annival of the steam in the cylinder, and
they therefore condense a large portion of it before they arive at the saine temper-
ature as the steam which flows in
The object of the present Invention is to avoid this latter condensation, such
object being attained by forming the piston and piston rod hollow, the spaces in the
two parts being made to communicate with each other
Steam is introduced into the piston and rod through a pipe, which is attached to
the piston and passes through a stuffing box in the end of the cylinder This pipe
slides in a steam supply pipe which is provided with a stuffing box, and has an
inlet for the admission of steam, and an outlet for the condensed steain
The outlet may communicate with a pump to draw off the condensed steam