one Point to another Point or to several Points Simultaneously.
Year: 1887

page_text: one Point to another Point or to several Points Simultaneously.
I EDWARD FRANKENBERG, of Hanover, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to pantographic apparatus that is to say to apparatus by means
of which motions imparted to one part or point of the said apparatus can be transmitted
to another point or to several points simultaneously.
My improved apparatus is specially adapted for machine embroidering, as the
movements of a single tracer upon one pattern can be transmitted to the embroidering
frames of several machines at one time; and also for the production of designs on
several lithographic stones simultaneously. The said apparatus can also be adjusted
in such a manner that the movements communicated to the various points can be of
the same size or larger or smaller than the original movements, or some larger and
some smaller. Thus for example (as is set forth in the following description) the
transmission of power to various places can be effected in any proportions. A motive
power equal to 1, could be transmitted to various places in such a manner that one
receives and two others of the power, or again to another place double the power
might be transmitted.
In the accompanying drawings I have represented the apparatus as arranged
for producing several copies at a reduced scale.
Figure 1 is a plan view of the apparatus arranged for reducing to one half the
original scale.
Figures 2 and 3 are a plan and side view respectively of the apparatus, the bars
being so connected that the copies are of the original size.
Figure 4 is a diagram of the transmitting mechanism of the improved pantagraph.
Figure 5 is a sketch of a pantograph of ordinary construction."
Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the improved pantograph.
Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the re-production at various places or on different
work tables.

page_text: Figure 8 is a side view illustrating the arrangement of apparatus for reproducing
several designs simultaneously upon tables or the like in different horizontal planes.
Figure 9 illustrates the mode of operation of an ordinary pantograph.
Figures 7 and 8 show how a map can be reproduced in the most varying
enlargements on lithographic stones which are placed in the most varying horizontal
planes, it being observed that in such and other cases, as in embroidering machines,
instead of turning the graver, pencil or needle, the article or work can just be turned
in the proper proportion or according to the design.
Previous to describing the improved apparatus I will describe the mode of operation
of the known pantographs with reference to figure 9.
a is the tracer; A the fixed point; y the drawing pencil. The figure a b 1 m q is to
be reduced to one half.
If a is conducted to b, then c passes to d, e to consequently g to h. This is
necessitated by the construction.
The dimensions of the triangle Aig, similar to the triangle a eg are known to be
half those of the latter triangle. Therefore also here (a A g being, as known, in a
straight line, and a A being equal to A g) g h is half as long as a b, and the other
sides g h n o p corresponding to a blm q are in proportion therewith.
Now if such a reduction were to be performed with the present apparatus hereinafter
described, and for this purpose the point were, (similarly to D with G G¹ G2 and
50 forth in figure 6) provided with several rigid connections g, s,gu, y w, these various
terminal points of the arms would describes the line st, u the line uv, and to the
line wax neither of which is however equal to g h or half the length of a h.
For numerous technical purposes this form of pantograph is quite unsuitable. The
motion is required in a definitely prescribed path but at a free point situated outside
the angle Z, figure 5. This condition is fulfilled by the new mechanism in the most
complete manner, and from the accompanying drawings is evident that it consists
essentially of a peculiar combination of two equally adjusted pantographs.
By reference to Figure 4 it will be seen that A B and B are bars connected at B
by a joint and forming, together with the bars F D and D E, a parallelogram F DE B.
The points CD and A are exactly in line. If now A is a fixed fulcrum, the paths
which the points C and D describe will be similar in all the movements which the
system of bars can perform around the point A, because angles C B A and DEA are
similar. The described figures will therefore be in the same proportion as the lines B A
to E A or as CA to D A.
A second system of bars A¹ B¹, CB, F¹ D₁ and D' E' having a fixed fulcrum
at A' is connected by the bars F1 F and E' E in parallelism with the system of
bars A B, CB, F D, DE, so that parallel movements must be performed everywhere.
Now when the coupled system of bars is caused to move, the points D and D' will
evidently perform exactly similar movements. It is thus possible without affecting
their movability, to connect the points D and D¹ by a bar, so that the whole of this
bar will then make the same movements as the points D and D¹; The drawing pencil
may in this case he placed at any point of the bar D D¹ or in a prolongation thereof
and it will describe the same figure everywhere. As a consequence any desired
number of drawing pencils can be arranged in the said bar, all of which will produce
lines similar to the lines traced over by the points C or C, the proportion between such
lines being determined by the adjustment.
The points C and C can also be connected by a rigid bar, whereby independence of
the point C is obtained, so that the tracer can be arranged at any desired point on the
connecting bar C C₁ or in its prolongation. On this bar can also be arranged any
number of drawing pencils which reproduce drawings of the same size as the original
passed over by the tracer. Thus the same apparatus can be used for simultaneously
making copies of the same scale and of a smaller scale than the original, and also for
producing one copy or two or more of such copies simultaneously.
The construction of the apparatus is optional in this case, and as shown in figure 1
which represents the apparatus as arranged for reducing to the scale of one half and
in figure 2 to the scale of one fourth of the original drawing, which comprises a

page_text: bar NN secured by screws upon the drawing board or table and carrying at A A¹
small columns which constitute the pivots for the whole instrument.
A B, A' B' are bars turning on the said pivots and so secured that the motion can
take place only in the plane of the picture. The arrangement of the other bars is
exactly the same as described with reference to Figure 4 all the joints being formed by
cylindrical bolts which are fastened by screws and nuts.
The instrument is preferably arranged at about 4 or 5 centimetres above the surface
of the paper upon which the copies are to be produced.
In order to support the base in this position I use, besides the aforesaid columns A
and A, small legs a provided with friction rollers at their lower ends and arranged at
the points F, FE, E, and D (figure 3). The bar D D¹ is designed to receive one
or more drawing pencils G G which may be arranged according to requirements.
The bar D D can be adapted to the purposes for which the apparatus is to serve.
In the drawing this bar is provided with a fork which must be rigidly connected at D.
This fork can be used for securing a small tablet or a plate, upon which the drawing
is to be produced. In this case the drawing pencil will be stationary, whilst the
tablet or plate must be moved below it in a determined path.
The bar carries the tracer at any point convenient for use.
Any number of additional drawing pencils can be arranged on the bar CC¹ if it is
desired to produce several copies on the same scale as the original.
It is to be understood that the positions of the tracer and drawing pencil can be
exchanged or reversed.
Having described the construction of the mechanism I will now describe and prove
the correctness of its mode of action.
The operation is illustrated in figure 6.
Suppose it is required to prove that, if the point (Fig. 6 has described the
circle 234567, the point D and likewise its rigid secondary points G G' G²
have described circles whose diameter is exactly equal to half the diameter of the
circle C.
I will here observe that the bars CF B, C F B¹, BE A, B' E' A', are fixed, that
is to say they are never disconnected from each other to effect any adjustment, the
other bars being shifted upon the fixed bars and secured at any desired point thereon
by means of pins.
If the end C of the bar C, F, B is compelled by mechanical power or by hand to
describe the arc C', then B whose centre is at the point A must describe the arc B¹,
this distance being determined because C F B is fixed as before described. When the
tracer is moved to the point Q then the point B describes the arc B2 and so on, each
movement of the tracer C effecting a corresponding movement of the point B.
This having been effected with any desired number of points upon the periphery of
the circle C, the points found upon the curve of B B1 B2 B3 are connected with the
points of the curve C, it being observed that the point B of B, in describing the
lower semi-circle of C, must move back again to B in the same manner or upon
the same line.
In order to represent the path described by the point upon the bar CF B, it is
sufficient to intersect from the points fixed on the Curve B B', with the distance F B
the several corresponding lines (B¹, C² B², C³ B³ which, intersecting points F1 F2
Fconnected with each other represent the path described by F. This path
represents an ellipse whose major axis is equal to the diameter of the circle C, and
whose minor axis is equal to the radius of C.
In the same manner the paths of the points F¹ and B are determined, because
CF B CF B', and are parallel to each other. As regards the paths described by
the points E and E during the circular travel of C it may be mentioned that, as E
and E are each in the middle of the fixed guide bars BE A and B E A',
they will travel only half the arcs B', B', which is determined by the points of
intersection E¹³,
23-8
It only remains to explain the path which is described by the two points D and D.:
The paths described by the points F F and E E¹ are known and represented.

page_text: D D is however parallel with F. F' and E E' and is supported in the middle of the
same, and forms with these, by the simple connecting pieces F D, DE, F' D'
and D E inserted, two congruent parallelopipeds D F F D and D E E¹ D' which
in their displacements always remain alike.
Now if, as above described, F moves to F¹, then B will pass to B and E also
to E¹. D proceeds in the vertical direction F to F and passes to D¹, being however
at the same time kept in its respective position by the connecting piece DE whose
length D E is given by D' E'.
When F moves to F2, then D passes to D²; D² E2 remaining equal to D E and so
on to the end.
C-C is however equal to the straight line F-F4 or equal to B-B. The
distance D-D' equal to the diameter of the circle of D is however equal to the
straight line E-E which equals half of B-B*. Now as B-B equals the
diameter C-C, the diameter of the circle D D must be equal to half C-C
The pencils G, any desired number of which are rigidly connected with D, will all
describe the same circle as D accordingly half as great a circle as C.
From the foregoing is evident that this new mechanism, or this novel combination
of two pantographs which are adjusted entirely alike, can be employed.
1st. For transmitting movements in the same direction with or without simul-
taneous multiplication and any desired reduction.
2nd. For transmitting movements in the same direction with or without simul-
taneous multiplication and any desired enlargement, and
3rd. For simultaneously performing the operations stated in the 1st and 2nd
clauses, that is to say, (speaking here of the multiplying apparatus) the original
drawing can be multiplied on the same scale and at the same time on a reduced scale.
Moreover it is rendered possible to work with one mechanism simultaneously in
different and any number of verticle positions, by branching off in steps from the
operating point.
There can be no doubt that the present new combination of parallel motions as
already stated in the introduction can be made subservient to the most varying
technical purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The combination with two or more pantographs of bars or rods for con-
necting the same at two or more points, which bars may be prolonged to any desired
extent, substantially in the manner described, for the purpose specified.
Second. In the apparatus characterized in the first claim the multiplication of the
operating points in the vertical plane for the purpose of rendering it possible to work
froin one point simultaneously in any desired number of horizontal planes.
Third. The improved apparatus consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and operating
as, and for the purpose, specified.
Dated this 02nd due of Rohm 1007
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.