IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS EMPLOYED IN AND TO BUS MANITRACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Clifton, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Ironmonger, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS EMPLOYED IN
AND TO BUS MANITRACTURE THEREOF."
Sealed the 19th June 1866, and dated the 23rd December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Clifton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
December 1865.
on the 23rd
I, EDWARD CLIFTON, of Bradford, in the County of. York, Ironmonger, do
I hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS
EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing or constructing caps for spinning
of steel or homogeneous metal tubing cut to proper lengths, with a cast-iron
plug or top, formed by turning or otherwise to fit the interior, and driven into
one end of each length of the tube, or by casting them wholly in steel or
homogeneous metal. One or more grooves are then formed near the bottom
or open end, and the said end is tempered. After they are turned up and
polished the outside is electro-bronzed.

page_text: By this Invention caps cannot snip or indent by falling or being struck
against the spindle or other hard substance, and the groove (or grooves)
diminishes the drag or friction of the thread on the cap, whereby the spindle
may be run quicker, and consequently produces more yarn.
The bronzing
prevents corrosion of the surfaces of the caps by handling or otherwise by
moisture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Clifton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
CLIFTON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Clifton, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Clifton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Clifton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS EMPLOYED
IN SPINNING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edward Clifton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Clifton, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in manufacturing or constructing caps for spinning
of steel or homogeneous metal tubing cut to proper lengths, with an iron or
steel plug or top (formed by turning or otherwise to fit the interior) driven

page_text: into one end of each length of tube, or by casting them wholly in steel or
homogenious metal. Also in having one or more grooves formed hear the
bottom or open end, and the said end tempered. Also, after they are. turned
up and polished, in having. the outside of them electro-bronzed.
By this Invention caps cannot snip or indent by falling or being struck
against the spindle or other hard substance, and the groove or grooves
diminishes the drag or friction of the thread on the cap, whereby the spindles
or bobbins may be run quicker, and consequently produce more yarn thereby.
The bronzing prevents corrosion forming on the surfaces of the caps by handling
or otherwise by moisture.
The manner in which this Invention is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect is as follows:-I take the drawn steel tubing and cut it
into proper lengths by any usual cutting means, I then take iron or steel
made into plugs of suitable form and size by turning, swaging, or by any other
suitable means, so as to fit the tubes, and with a groove therein. These plugs
are then driven into the tubes, and by means of a suitably formed pair of
nippers, swages, or jaws the metal of the tube is pressed into the groove of
the plug, by which the plugs are therein secured; I also turn or press one or
more grooves near to the bottom or open end of these caps. They are then
turned up in the usual manner to the proper shape, or form required, tempered
at the ends and polished, and afterwards they are electro-bronzed on their
outer surface by any ordinary process.
It will be evident to those practically acquainted with cap spinning, that
caps manufactured or constructed according to this Invention will not break
by falling on the floor, nor will they snip, indent, or otherwise be damaged by
being struck against the machinery in the process of " doffing" or removing
them from and replacing them on the spindles or studs, whereby the frequent
breaking down of the "ends" or yarn is prevented.
Also by this Invention caps can be made less or smaller. in diameter than
heretofore, and by having a groove or grooves formed on their surface, friction
and consequently the drag of the yarn on the caps in spinning is reduced;
also the bobbins can be run quicker, thereby producing more yarn and of better
quality than by the ordinary construction of caps; and also by the bronzing
of the surfaces, corrosion or formation of rust thereon, which is caused by
handling them or by moisture collecting thereon, and which is well know to
be so detrimental in practical operation, is by this means entirely prevented.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practice, I would
have it understood that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details

page_text: which I have had occasion berein to set forth in this description, as various
modifications may be made therein without departing from the main features
of this Invention; but what I claim as of my Invention is,-
Firstly, in the manufacture or construction of caps for spinning of steel or
homogeneous metal, either alone or in combination with iron, substantially as
herein described.
Secondly, in constructing caps for spinning with a groove or grooves on their
external surfaces, as described.
And, thirdly, in electro-bronzing the external surfaces of caps for spinning,
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Clifton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Edward Clifton,
in the presence of
WM. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
EDWARD CLIFTON. (L.S.)