A New or Improved Rotating Pneumatic Machine for Copying Photographs.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1897-Accepted, 8th Jan., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Rotating Pneumatic Machine for Copying
Photographs.
ARTHUR SCHWARZ, of Berlin, Schöneberg, Germany, Work's Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:-
The object of this invention is a pneumatic copying machine for reproducing
photographs on a large scale, which is to be chiefly used for the illuminating of
cheap albuminous paper; such paper requiring to be subjected to the influence
of light for a much longer time than the sensitized paper ordinarily used for photo-
graphic copies.
The accompanying drawings illustrate in cross and in longitudinal section a
method of construction of the new copying machine.
The cylinder A which, when Roentgen's rays are used, is made of opaque material
but not of metal is provided at each end with a slotted disc B B having the shape
of a driving pulley and loosely mounted on the shaft C, which is driven by the
pulley D. The pulley B' carries on its hub a worm wheel E to which a rotary
motion is imparted by the endless screw e in a contrary sense to that in which the
pulley D turns, in consequence whereof the Cylinder A and the shaft C turn in
opposite directions and as the latter carries a casing F, furnished with electric
lamps and inserted in the cylinder and the said Shaft C can rotate at any desired
velocity while the Cylinder A is slowly rotated in an opposite direction by the
worm wheel e, the whole of the periphery of the cylinder is thoroughly and
uniformly illuminated.
Owing to the shaft C being capable of rotating at any desired speed, the space
within the cylinder A which is strongly heated by the electric lamps f is sufficiently
and efficiently cooled. By mounting on the shart C inside the said Cylinder A
a suitable fan, the oblique vanes of which are arranged within the slots or openings
of the wheel like discs B B', a thorough ventilation is obtained inside this cylinder.
Upon the periphery of the latter are arranged the negatives N around which
passes the endless paper band P' in such a manner as to reach the cylinder from the
roller r, pass over the former and over the roller and proceed thence through the
different baths where the illuminated paper is treated. The paper band P enter-
ing over the roller is illuminated throughout its passage over the cylinder A and
is thus exposed to the light so long as albumen paper is used for the reproduction
of the photographs, the object being to considerably reduce the price thereof.
When it is required to use, for the sake of economy, cheap paper for the whole-
sale reproduction of photographs, it is necessary to press such paper very firmly
upon the negatives, as it is the only way to produce good copies and this can only
be effected, by pneumatic means. This pneumatic copying process however cannot
be readily applied to the present copying machine without the addition of new
means.
The pressure blanket I) of india rubber or of other opaque material enters on the

page_text: For
roller passes over the sensitized paper around the Cylinder A and over the guiding
rollers in order to return onto the roller r this pressure blanket D
forming an endless band which can be firmly pressed against the Cylinder A by
the aid of the roller X which is adjustable relatively to the cylinder A. This
tension does not however suffice for a clear reproduction of the photographs, as
the uniform pressure required can only be obtained by pneumatic means.
this purpose the blanket D must be pressed air tight upon the cylinder A which
is effected by providing the extreme edges or the cover with a cylindrical
thickening d which is located in a corresponding groove or channel of the slotted
discs B B. The latter extend, as shown in Fig. 2, beyond the periphery of the
cylinder, so that a hollow space is formed upon the passage of the blanket from the
cylinder to the slotted end discs or wheels wherein the channels h A debouch, one
at least of which passes through one of the spokes, these discs appearing thus if
looked at from inside to be furnished with a number of holes which are dis-
tributed around the cylinder A. All the Channels of one disc communicate
with a circular groove H of the disc hub which is so arranged over the perforation <
of the hollow shaft C that, as it escapes from this shaft, the air is exhausted under
the blanket through the passages h, the. circular groove H and the perforations c.
One end of the hollow shaft C is made air tight on the pulley side 1 for instance,
while the other end is open and is connected with the air exhaust pipes in such
a manner as to allow the shaft C to rotate unimpeded.
As already stated the blanket D passes from the roller r onto the cylinder and
leaves the latter over the roller 7. Between the incoming and outgoing of the
blanket there is left a free and uncovered space and as the Cylinder A rotates all
the openings come one after the other into this space. The air exhaust conduit
is then placed into communication with the atmosphere and partly or even entirely
prevents the formation of a vacuum under the blanket. Such formation is pre-
vented by arranging between the rollers a resilient insulating piece K¹ which
is tightly pressed, as shown in Fig. 2, upon the inner part of the edges of the
discs B B projecting above the cylinder A-and thus closes the openings of the
air channels has soon as they protrude below the blanket. In the drawings Fig. 1
shows the tightly closed parts some distance apart one from the other, which is
necessary in order to clearly distinguish the thin layers which operate one upon
the other.
The air pump need only work very feebly as theoretically a vacuum is constantly
formed under the blanket whereas in practice small defects in the means for exclud-
ing air cannot be prevented.
As the cylinder A turns uniformly and in the same sense as the blanket, the
latter is removed by the roller in very short lengths and hence the guiding of
the blanket 1 over the cylinder A presents, notwithstanding the pressure exerted
thereon, no difficulty whatsoever. The supply of the electric current to the lamps
inside the cylinder A can be carried out in any suitable manner such as for instance
by means of a sliding contact with the rotating shaft C.
But if instead of the electric light the X rays are used for illuminating purposes,
the vacuum tubes of Hittorf, Lenard or Crookes and other similar apparatus can be
utilized. In this case it is not necessary, as already stated, that the cylinder A
should be made of transparent or translucid material.
When operating on both sides of the sensitized paper in the machine above
described, I use instead of the usual opaque blanket a blanket of transparent or
translucid material such as celluloid and the like, and I distribute the second series
of negatives N over the whole periphery of this transparent or translucid blanket
on the side facing the glass cylinder A. as shown by the dotted lines. In the space
between that part of the blanket which bears on the sensitized paper and the part
passing over the guiding rollers 76 77 and open at the sides, circular rods Kare
inserted to carry electric lamps R. and to communicate with an electric circuit.
While one side of the sensitized paper is laid over the negatives N secured to the
glass cylinder and passes subsequently over the roller r7, the negatives fixed to the

page_text: translucid blanket D) are successively laid, as they pass the roller r, upon the outer
side of the said sensitized paper and remain firmly pressed thereon until they are
carried away successively by the blanket passing over the roller r7 in order to be
laid anew, as the blanket D continues to turn upon the sensitized paper which
passes at the same time over the cylinder A, upon this paper and be illuminated
through the blanket by the electric lamps.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In rotating pneumatic machines for copying photographs, a rotary illuminat-
ing apparatus consisting of a cylinder A carrying two end dises or pulleys BB'
traversed by air channels and connected with the hollow axis C of the cylinder
which is exhausted by the air conduit in such a manner that a vacuum is formed
in the space between the casing of the cylinder and the blanket D turning there-
with, substantially as herein described and shown.
2. In the illuminating arrangement above claimed, the use of a packing or
sliding piece K arranged between the parts where the endless blanket D reaches
and leaves off the cylinder around which it turns, and closing the openings of the
air exhausting channels has it passes this uncovered space between the incoming
and outgoing points of the blanket, substantially as herein described and shown.
3. In the illuminating apparatus above claimed, the arrangement of the hollow
axis C turning in an opposite direction to that of the illuminating cylinder A,
provided either with electric lamps for with apparatus or tubes for the production
of X rays and communicating with the air exhausting conduit, substantially as
herein described and shown.
4. In the illuminating apparatus above claimed, the use of a fan the oblique
Vanes G of which are arranged inside the cylinder and between the spokes 6 of
the slotted end discs or wheels of the said cylinder, for the purpose of ventilating
the latter, substantially as herein described and shown.
5. In the illuminating apparatus above claimed, the arrangement of Electric
lamps for of apparatus for producing the X rays between that part of the blanket D
which passes over the cylinder and over the guiding rollers to 7 in order to
illuminate two sided sensitized paper at the same time, on the same spot and on
both sides, substantially as herein described and shown.
Dated this 12th day of August, 1897.
DE KATOW & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1897-Accepted, 8th Jan., 1898
A New or Improved Rotating Pneumatic Machine for Copying
Photographs.
ARTHUR SCHWARZ, of Berlin, Schineberg, Germany, Work's Manager, do hereby
doolaro the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be par-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:
-
The object of this invention is a pneumatic copying machine for reproducing
photographs on a large scale, which is to be chiefly used for the illuminating of
cheap albuminous paper; such paper requiring to be subjected to the influence
of light for a much longer time than the sensitized paper ordinarily used for photo-
graphic copies.
The accompanying drawings illustrate in cross and in longitudinal section a
method of construction of the new copying machine.
The cylinder A which, when Roentgen's rays are used, is made of opaque material
but not of metal is provided at each end with a slotted disc B B having the ahape
of a driving pulley and loosely mounted on the shaft C, which is driven, by the
pulley D. The pulley B curries on its hub a worm wheel E to which rotary
motion is imparted by the endless sorew e in a contrary sense to that in which the
pulley D turus, in consequence whereof the Cylinder A and the shaft C turn in
opposite directions and as the latter carries a casing 1', furnished with eléctric
lamps and inserted in the cylinder and the said Shuft C can rotate at any desired
velocity while the Cylinder A is slowly rotated in an opposite direction by the
worn wheel e, the whole of the periphery of the cylinder is thoroughly and
uniformly illuminated.
Owing to the shaft C being capable of rotating at any desired speed, the space
within the cylinder A which is strongly heated by the electric lamps / is sufficiently
and efficiently cooled. By mounting on the shart inside the said Cylinder A
a suitable fan, the oblique vanes of which are arranged within the slots or openings
of the wheel like discs 1', a thorough ventilation is obtained inside this cylinder.
Upon the periphery of the latter are arranged the negatives N around which
passes the endless paper band P in such a manuer as to reach the cylinder from the
roller r, pass over the former and over the roller and proceed thence through the
different baths where the illuminated paper is treated. The paper band P enter-
ing over the roller is illuminated throughout its passage over the cylinder A and
is thus exposed to the light so long as albumen paper is used for the reproduction
of the photographs, the object being to considerably reduce the price thereof.
When it is required to use, for the sake of economy, cheap paper for the whole-
sale reproduction of photographs, it is necessary to press such paper very firmly
upon the negatives, as it is the only way to produce good copies and this can only
be effected by pneumatic means. This pneumatic copying process however cannot
be readily applied to the present copying machine without the addition of new
means.
The pressure blanket D of india rubber or of other opaque material enters on the

page_text: For
roller passes over the sensitized paper around the Cylinder A and over the guiding
rollers gb qui goli in order to return onto the roller r this pressure blanket 1
forming an endless band which can be firmly pressed against the Cylinder A. by
the aid of the rolier X which is adjustable relatively to the cylinder A. This
tension does not however suffice for a clear reproduction of the photographs, as
the uniform pressure required can only be obtained by pacumatic means.
this purpose the blanket D must be pressed air tight upon the cylinder A which
is effected by providing the extreme edges of the cover with a cylindrical
thickening which is located in a corresponding groove or channel of the slotted
discs BB. The latter extend, as shown in Fig. 2, beyond the periphery of the
oylinder, so that a hollow space is formed upon the passage of the blanket from the
cylinder to the slotted end discs or whoele wherein the channele A debouch, one
at least of which passes through one of the spokes, these discs appearing thus if
looked at from inside to be furnished with a number of holes which are dis-
tributed around the cylinder A. All the Channels of one disc communicate
with a circular groove of the disc lub which is so arranged over the perforation
of the hollow shaft C that, as it escapes from this shaft, the air is exhausted under;
the blanket through the passages 4, the circular groove 1 and the perforations c
One end of the hollow shaft C is made air tight on the pulley side D₁ for instance,
while the other and is open and is connected with the air exhaust pipes in such
a manner as to allow the shaft C to rotate unimpeded.
As already stated the blankot 1) passos from the rollor onto the cylinder and
leaves the latter over the roller 7." Between the incoming and outgoing of the
blanket there is left a free and uncovorod spaco and as the Cylinder A rotates all
the openings come one after the other into this space. The air exhaust conduit
is then placed into communication with the atmosphere and partly or even entirely
prevents the formation of a vacuum under the blanket. Such formation is pre-
vented by arranging between the rollers a resilient insulating picce K' which
is tightly pressed, as shown in Fig. 2, upon the inner part of the edges of the
dises projecting above the oylinder A and thus closes the openings of the
air channels as soon as they protrude below the bianket. In the drawings Fig. L
shows the tightly closed parts some distanco apart one from the other, which is
necessary in order to clearly distinguish the thin layers which operate one upon
the other.
The air pump need only work very feebly as theoretically a vacuum is constantly
formed under the blanket whereas in practice small defects in the means for exclud-
ing air cannot be prevented.
As the cylinder A turns uniformly and in the same sense as the blanket, the
latter is removed by the roller 7 in very short lengths and hence the guiding of
the blanket 1 over the cylinder A prescute, notwithstanding the pressure exerted
thereon, no difficulty whatsoever. The supply of the electric current to the lamps
inside the cylinder A can be carried out in any suitable manner such as for instanco
by means of a sliding contact with the rotating shaft U.
But if instead of the electrio light the X rayo uro used for illuminating purposes,
the vacuum tubes of Hittorf, Lenard or Crookes and other similar apparatus can be
ntilized. In this case it is not necessary, as already stated, that the cylinder A
should be made of transparent or translucid material.
When operating on both sides of the sensitized paper in the machine above
described, I use instead of the usual opaque blanket a blanket of transparent or
translucid material such as celluloid and the like, and I distribute the second series |
of negatives N over the whole periphery of this transparent or translucid blanket
on the side facing the glass cylinder A. as shown by the dotted lines. In the space
between that part of the blanket which bears on the sensitized paper and the part
passing over the guidine rollers and one at the winne AATA

page_text: translucid blanket D are successively laid, as they pass the roller r, upon the outer
side of the said sensitized paper and remain firmly pressed thereon until they are
curried away successively by the bianket passing over the roller in order to be.
laid anew, as the blanket D continues to turn upon the sensitized
paper which
passes at the same time over the cylinder A, upon this paper and be illuminated
through the blanket by the electric lamps.
Having now partioularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In rotating pneumatic machines for copying photographs, a rotary illuminat-
ing apparatus consisting of a cylinder A carrying two end discs or pulleys BB'
traversed by air channels and connected with the hollow axis C of the cylinder
which is exhausted by the air conduit in such a manner that a vacuum is formed
in the space between the casing of the cylinder and the blanket D turning there-
with, substantially as herein described and shown.
2. In the illuminating arrangement above claimed, the use of a packing or
sliding piece K arranged between the parts where the endless blanket D reaches
and leaves off the cylinder around which it turns, and closing the openings of the
air exhausting channels h as it passes this uncovered space between the incoming
and outgoing points of the blanket, substantially as herein described and shown.
3. In the illuminating apparatus above claimed, the arrangement of the hollow
axis turning in an opposite direction to that of the illuminating cylinder A,
provided either with electric lamps for with apparatus or tubes for the production
of X rays and communicating with the air exhausting conduit, substantially as
herein described and shown.
4. In the illuminating apparatus above claimed, the use of a fun the oblique
Vanes G of which are arranged inside the cylinder and between the spokes 6 of
the slotted end discs or wheels of the said cylinder, for the purpose of ventilating
the latter, substantially as herein described and shown.
6. In the illuminating apparatus above_claimed, the arrangement of Electric
lamps or of apparatus for producing the X rays between that part of the blanket D
which passes over the cylinder and over the guiding rollers to in order to
illuminate two sided sensitized paper at the same time, on the same spot and on.
both sidos, substantially as herein described and shown.
Dated thin 10th
2007