Improvements in Collars for Horses and other Beasts of Burden.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Collars for Horses and other Beasts of Burden.
We,
EDMOND GARNIER of 309 Camberwell New Road, London S.E., Engineer,
and SAMUEL JAMES PRESCOTT, of 33 Church Street, Camberwell, London S.E.,
Pawnbroker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to certain improvements upon, modifications cf, and
additions to, the invention for improvements in and relating to horse collars forming
the subject matter of a previous application for a Patent No. 11497, dated
June 13th 1894, in which is described and shewn a method of and means for
manufacturing such collars by the employment of a hollow body A, provided with
a suitable valve B, by means of which the said hollow body may be inflated under
pressure, the same being also provided with a frame or frames or hames E, made in
one or more parts bolted or otherwise connected together at their upper or lower
ends, or both.
Now, it has been found in practice that the said inflated body A is open to
puncture by contact with some sharp edged or pointed substance foreign to itself,
and one of the objects of our present invention is to provide means for the
prevention of such puncture which we attain by constructing the body of said
collar as follows.
For the purpose of our invention we construct the hollow body of the collar of
rubber, rubber composition, or of a compound of either of these and canvas, cloth,
leather or other suitable fabric or material, or of leather only, and which may be
in one or any number of plies or thicknesses, sewn, stitched, solutioned or otherwise
connected to each other. The said body may be brought to the shape or configura-
tion desired by the means of moulding, blocking or otherwise, or be composed of
any number of blocked, moulded or otherwise suitably shaped pieces solutioned,
stitched or otherwise connected together to form the whole body, which may then
be divided longitudinally and transversally so as to form two distinct parts, which
may be again joined together by the means of sewing, lacing, straps and buckles,
hooks and eyes, slots and studs or other convenient and suitable means capable of
easy separation when desired. Or instead of being so divided the said hollow body
may be intact as a whole, but provided with a slit or slits or other opening or
openings at any suitable or convenient part of its surface, such slit or slits opening
or openings being arranged for closure by any of the means berein before mentioned
for closing the divided body.
Within the said hollow body or case we place a tube or tubes, chamber or
chambers, cell or cells, made of rubber, rubber composition or other airproof
material, which may be so formed and arranged as to singly or collectively fit the
interior of the said body or case, or to occupy and fill the same when this or these
is or are inflated by air or gas under pressure, for which purpose the said tube,
chamber or cell, or each of them if more than one be employed, would be provided
with a suitable non-return valve extending outwardly through the said body or
case so as to be easily connected to the nozzle of a suitable air pump.
By this means, instead of inflating the body of the collar proper as provided in
the before mentioned Application No. 11497 we inflate the said tube or tubes,
chamber or chambers, cell or cells, contained within the said body or case, so that
the latter may act as a protection for the former against puncture, while the former

page_text: provides in the latter the same degree of elasticity and flexibility as if the latter
was itself inflated, and in order that the said tube or tubes, chamber or chambers,
cell or cells may be easily reached, and quickly removed if required for repairs or
the like, is the object and purpose of the slit or slits, opening or openings or division
in the said body or case previously mentioned.
It has also been found desirable that the frame or frames or hames of the collar
should possess a greater degree of lateral rigidity or firmness than is provided
when this or these is or are constructed in one or two parts, bolted or otherwise
connected together at their upper or lower ends or both, as described in, and shewn
by E in the drawings of, the Application No. 11497 previously referred to, such
rigidity being necessary for the prevention of undue lateral collapsability of the
inflated body of the collar, and to effect this is the second object of our invention,
to attain which we purpose constructing the said frame or frames or hames in one
endless piece, which may be of wood, vulcanite bone or metal or any desired
combination of such or other suitable materials, but preferably of metal tubing, and
in certain cases where the desired configuration or contour of the said frame or
frames or hames can be best attained by forming this or these in two or more
pieces, such pieces would be brazed, screwed or otherwise firmly connected together
so that the whole would be absolutely rigid in all directions. The said frame or
frames or hames may be connected to and fixed upon the said body or case by any
of the means provided in the said Application No. 1149704 or by such other as may
be found convenient, which may or may not be by embedding the same in the
material constituting the said body or case.
Dated this 6ith dow of Wa
1007
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1 Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in Collars for Horses and other Beasts of Burden.
We, EDMOND GARNIER, of 309, Camberwell New Road, London S.E. Engineer
and SAMUEL JAMES PRESCOTT of 33 Church Street, Camberwell London S.E.,
Pawnbroker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to collars for horses and other beasts of burden and consists
of certain improvements upon, modifications of, and additions to the invention for
improvements in and relating to horse collars, forming the subject of our previous
Patent No. 11497 of 1894, in the Specification and drawings of which, we describe
and shew a method of and means for manufacturing such collars by the employment
of a hollow body A, capable of being itself inflated under pressure, the said body
being provided with a frame or hamnes E, made in one or more parts, bolted or
otherwise connected together at the upper or lower end or both.
Now we have found in practice that when the body A itself is inflated the same
is liable to puncture by contact with some sharp edged or pointed substance foreign
to itself, which may be that of other parts of the harness, or a splinter from the
shaft of the vehicle or the like, and the objects of our present invention is to
provide means for preventing such puncture, and to so construct the frame or
hames of the collar in one piece, that this may be perfectly rigid in all directions,
in order to prevent the possibility of the slightest lateral collapse or narrowing of
the collar body when the animal is drawing a heavy load, the said frame or hames
being so constructed as to either receive and hold the usual rings for the reins, and

page_text: the lugs for the traces or by the absence of these to form a forewhale in order that
ordinary hames having such attachments may be employed if desired, and further,
that by reason of the special formation of the body of the collar according to our
present invention, the inflated portion may be quickly and easily removed when
ruptured or worn out by fair wear and tear, and as quickly replaced when repaired
or renewed.
In order that our present invention and the said improvements constituting the
same may be fully and clearly understood, reference may be made to the
accompanying drawings, of which :-
Fig. 1 is a front view of the collar body as we prefer to construct it for the
purposes of our present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged section of same taken upon the line A B Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a front or back view of the air bag or chamber for inflation as adapted
for use with Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the frame as we prefer to construct it when this is to
take the place of, and act as hames.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of any part of Fig. 4, such for instance,
as C D.
Fig. 6 is a part view of the inner frame or key hereinafter explained.
Fig. 7 is a section of any part of Fig. 6 as we prefer to construct this, when the,
section of Fig. 4 is as at Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged section similar to Fig. 5, but illustrating how the said,
frame or hames may be hollow, Figs. 9 and 10 being enlarged sections of Fig. 6,
constructed to be adapted for use with Fig. 8.
Fig. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of Fig. 4 as we may construct this when
used as a forewhale for the reception of ordinary hames.
Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional view of either side of our improved collar, as it,
would appear when the sections of Figs. 4 and 6 are as shewn by Figs. 5 and 7.
For the purposes of our invention we construct the hollow body A of the collar,
of rubber, rubber composition, or of a compound of either of these, and canvas, I
cloth, leather, or other suitable resilient fabric or material, or of leather only, and
which may be of one or any number of plies or thicknesses, sewn, stitched
solutioned, or otherwise connected to each other according to the material.
employed, or the inner plię or plies may be of either of the first named materials,
or composition of materials, while the outer may be of leather only, and the said.
body may be brought to the shape or configuration desired by moulding, blocking,,
or other means, or be composed of any number of moulded, blocked or otherwise
suitably shaped pieces, stitched or otherwise connected together to form the whole
body.
In the face of the body A. we provide a preferably endless slit or division all
round, parallel with the outer edge, and approximately centrally of its width, or in
other words at the part where the torewhale of ordinary stuffed collars usually,
occurs, the two edges formed by such slit being hereinafter referred to by a and b,
and in Fig. 1 these are shewn at one part turned back in the direction of the,
arrows to illustrate how these may be parted all round for the insertion of the
air chamber B (Fig. 3) or for the removal of same when necessary for repairs, or
renewal.
The said air chamber may be constructed of rubber, rubber composition, or other,
air proof material, and may be in any number of parts so as to form separate cells
or chambers, each of which may be provided with its own nou-return valve for
inflation, but in Fig. 3 we have chosen to shew this as forming one chamber, the
shape and configuration of which may be similar to that of the body A, any part
of which may be provided with a suitable non-return valve c, but preferably at its
lower end as shewn, a suitable aperture being left in the bottom of A through
which this may protrude and be fixed ready for the attachment of a force pump as,
shewn at Fig. 1, and when the said air chamber has been placed in A, the,
moulding, blocking, or otherwise construction of the latter would permit the

page_text: edges ab to resume their normal position, as shewn by the left of Fig. 1, such
edges being preferably swollen or thickened as shewn at Figs. 2 and 12, to effect
which we may connect an extra plie or plics of the material A, or insert a cord or
wire within the said edges, as may be most convenient, and immediately behind
the slit or opening formed by a b, and between this and the air chamber B, we
place a frame C (Fig. 6) hereinafter referred to as the key, which may be of metal
wood, vulcanized rubber, vulcanite or other rigid material, and may be in one or
more parts, singly or collectively of such shape in plan as to follow that of the
opening a b, and of any desired shape or configuration in cross section, as may be
best suited to the sectional shape or configuration of the hame or frame or fore-
whale. The said frame C may have any number of suitably disposed holes d in
each of which would be placed a bolt or screw with their threaded ends protruding
through the slit a b, or in some cases threaded studs may be cast or otherwise
formed integrally with C, or in lieu of said holes d and the said bolts or screws,
clips, buttons or headed studs may be fixed upon the face of C.
The frame or hames D (Fig. 4) would be of the same shape in plan as the
frame C, and be provided with corresponding holes e, the sectional formation of
the inner surface of D being such as may be found most suitable according to the
outer formation of C. The said frame or hames D may be of metal, wood, vulcanite,
bone or other rigid material, preferably metal, in one endless piece, or when the
desired shape or configuration of D may be best attained by forming this in two or
more pieces, such pieces would be brazed, screwed, bolted or otherwise firmly
connected together to form a whole, our object being that this may be absolutely
rigid in all directions, and may have connected thereto or formed therewith the
usual rings f, trace lugs g. and martingale loop h.
In Fig. 12 we show a section of our improved collar in which we have presumed
that the cross sectional formation of the frame or key C is in the shape of a
trapezoid, or the vertical section of a truncated cone as at Fig. 7, with bolts m
passing through the holes d, while the sectional formation of the frame or hames D,
is semicircular or thereabouts as at Fig. 5. The air chamber or chambers B and
key C having been placed in position within A as stated, the swelled edges ab would
be slightly parted by the key C or the screws or bolts of same, and the frame or
hames D would he then laid upon and enclose these edges, and the bolts or screws m
pass outwardly through the holes e, and receive nuts such as, and as these were
screwed home the edges ab would be firmly gripped between C and D as shewn,
when the air chamber or chambers B may be inflated, and the collar would be
complete and ready for use, and by the simple removal of the nuts p, the hame D
and frame C may be removed and the air chamber or chambers B taken out for
repairs or renewal and again replaced and secured in the manner stated with
reference to Fig. 12. Or when the face of C is provided with clips, buttons or
headed studs instead of the holes d, these would pass through the holes e in D,
or slots in lieu of said holes, and be turned upon the face of D, or D be provided
with catches or clips for engaging therewith.
In Fig. 8 we show how we may form the hames D of hollow metal or other
material, the inner formation of which, and the outer formation of the key C,
(Figs. 9 or 10) coinciding and in the latter views we illustrate how the key C may
have internally threaded holes d, with which may engage screws E first passed
through the holes e of the hames or frame D, which as screwed home would grip
the edges a b. between them as at Fig. 12. These viows (Figs. 8, 9 and 10) are
intended to shew that we may construct C and D in various forms in cross section,
and effect their attachment to each other in a variety of ways, without departing
from the principle of our invention.
In Fig. 11 we illustrate how the frame D may be constructed with a swelling
such as F, so as to form and take the place of the ordinary forewhale of a collar,
which permits that while the frame D, in combination with the key (', would
effectually preserve the rigidity of the inflated collar A, such hames as at present
used upon ordinary collars and already provided with the accessories f, g, h, may be

page_text: conveniently employed upon our improved collar, the position of such hames being
indicated by G in dotted outline in Fig. 11.
From the foregoing, it will be understood, that puncture of the air chamber B is
next to impossible, as the texture of the material of which A would in practice be
made, would effectually preclude this, and further, that a groom, ostler or other
layman being in possession of a duplicate chamber B. could easily remove the old
or worn out one and replace it with a new one (while the old one was being
repaired) without any special knowledge or skill in the manufacture of such collars
generally, and further, that the absolute rigidity of the frame D, whether used as
hames, or constructed to form a forewhale for the reception of ordinary bames as
at Fig. 11, effectually precludes all possibility of the body A becoming distorted or
buckled laterally, with the heaviest load, or to wring or injure the withers or
shoulders of the animal, while the manner of fixing D also prevents (when used as
hames) possible accidents through the imperfect strapping on of the hames as
obtains in collars of ordinary construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inves-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. In a hollow or inflated collar for horses and other beasts of burden, the
combination of an inflated chamber or chambers enclosed within a hollow body such
body having a suitable slit or opening for the insertion of same, the edges of such
slit or opening being closed and held by suitable internal and external frames of
any desired shape or configuration in cross section, bolted, screwed or otherwise
connected to each other, substantially as herein described and shewn by the
accompanying drawings.
2nd. In a hollow or inflated collar for horses and other beasts of burden, the
combination of a hollow body A, having a slit or opening such as a 6 for receiving
an air chamber or chambers such as B, provided with means for inflating the same,
the said slit or opening being closed and retained closed by the junction of an
internal frame or key C, and an external solid or hollow frame or hames D, of any
desired shape or configuration in cross section suitable for each other, the said
junction being effected by screws, bolts, clips, buttons or other suitable means,
the whole connected and operating substantially as herein described and shewn by
the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In combination with the inflated collar set forth in the preceding claim, the
attachment to the frame D of rings f, lugs g and martingale loop h and the use of
said frame as hames for the said collar, substantially as herein described and shewn
by Figs. 4 and 12 of the appended drawings.
4th. In combination with the inflated collar as set forth in the preceding claim,
the manner of constructing the frame D with a ridge or swelling such as F, and the
use of frame F D in lieu of a forewhale for the reception of ordinary hames G,
substantially as herein described and shewn by the accompanying drawings
especially by that of Fig. 11.