matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
I PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHATIC MANURES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Prentice at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th January 1869.
I, EDWARD HENRY PRENTICE, of Stowmarket, in the County of
Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHATIC MANURES," to be as
follows:-
There exist many sources of phosphate of lime, such as those com-
mercially known as "Navassa phosphate," "German phosphate," some
descriptions of coprolites, &c., which are so mixed with iron, alumina,
and (or) other metallic substances as to render it very difficult to manu-
facture them into superphosphates. Not only has it been difficult to
render a large proportion of phosphoric acid soluble, but also it has been
found that after the phosphoric acid has been rendered soluble it has
in a short time reverted to a state insoluble in water. Now I have
found that by the addition of a certain proportion of chloride of
ammonium to the phosphatic materials during the action of the sul-
phuric or other acid thereon a larger proportion of the phosphate is

page_text: rendered soluble, and that there is less if any tendency for the soluble
phosphate to revert to the insoluble form. Before treating the
phosphatic materials I determine by analysis the quantity of sulphuric
or other acid required to render the phosphate soluble as is usually done.
The mixing of the acid and the phosphatic materials is then effected by
any of the processes commonly employed, and the chloride of ammonium
is added either during or after such mixing, or the chloride of ammonium
may be incorporated with the phosphatic material before this is mixed
with the acid.
The proportion of chloride of ammonium will vary' according to the
phosphatic material employed. With Navassa phosphate I find about
four parts by weight of chloride of ammonium to one hundred parts by
weight of the phosphatic material advantageous. With the German
phosphate I use from four to eight parts by weight of the chloride of
ammonium to one hundred parts by weight of the phosphatic material,
but I in no way limit myself to the use of these proportions. This
process is applicable to all materials commercially known as mineral
phosphates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Westley Richards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1869.
I, WESTLEY RICHARDS, of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-arms and
cartridges.
In order to protect the trigger from being pulled when the arm is at
full cock a cam is fixed upon an axis at the back of the trigger, and
worked by an arm on the side of the stock or iron body or frame. The
cam may be worked in a slot in the trigger plate or guard, or it may
be outside and bent so as to enter behind the trigger. The arm of the
lever working the cam can be varied in shape to suit the various forms
of different guns and rifles; the cam can also be worked on a separate
centre to that on which the lever works.
the
In breech-loading fire-arms which are used with central-fire cartridges,
cap of the cartridge which receives the blow of the hammer or striker

page_text: is liable by the explosion to be forced into the hole in the block through
which the hammer or striker passes.
Now according to my Invention I blockade the hole in the centre of
the block through which the hammer or striker passes. In order to do
this I employ an anvil and cap combined and made in one solid piece.
The anvil is a solid piece of metal formed in the crown of the cap, and
having a coned or pointed top, whereby to ignite the percussion powder
which is placed in the top of the cap chamber, either in a recess there
made to receive it, or in a separate ring or patch of fulminate, as may
be most convenient. The base of the anvil is so large as effectually to
prevent it and the crown of the cap which is in one piece with it being
blown back into the hole in the centre of the block through which the
striker passes when the discharge takes place; this means admits of a
striker or hammer of a larger diameter being used, and it also prevents
the gun from becoming disabled by the hole in the block getting too
large from wear or other causes. This cone may be made hollow at the
base so as to form an arch over the hole in the block.
The construction may be modified still retaining the principle of
blockading the hole in the centre of the block.
If a separate anvil be used I prefer to form it of a solid disc larger
than the hole in the breech block, and having three grooves in the sides
and a countersunk hole at the top, or at the bottom, or at both top and
bottom to receive the priming.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURN BUCKLES FOR CUPBOARD AND OTHER DOORS, AND IN THE MODE OF ADJUSTING AND FIXING KNOBS OR HANDLES THERETO, WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ADJUSTING AND FIXING KNOBS OR HANDLES TO Lock SPINDLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tubbs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1869.
I, GEORGE TUBBS, of Goodge Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TURN BUCKLES FOR CUPBOARD AND OTHER DOORS, AND IN THE
MODE OF ADJUSTING AND FIXING KNOBS OR HANDLES THERETO, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ADJUSTING AND FIXING KNOBS OR HANDLES TO
Lock SPINDLES," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I form or fix the turn buckle on to a square spindle,
which is tapped on its edges, and in connection with such spindle I
employ a knob or handle having a suitable socket fixed therein in which
a corresponding square hole is formed. This socket at the end near the
door carries, with capability of turning therein, a screw nut to take on
to the tapped spindle. This nut has a square formed thereon to enter a
correspondingly formed recess in the door, or it is otherwise provided
with means to prevent its turning. Thus in order to fix and adjust the
turn buckle to a door a suitable hole is first formed in the door, and the
spindle of the turn buckle is passed therethrough; the screw nut is then

page_text: screwed thereon, when it is pressed against the door to prevent the nut
turning. The knob is then turned until the parts are adjusted to the
door, wlien by placing pins or stops to limit the amount of motion given
to the turn buckle by the knob the parts are prevented separating from
each other. When earthenware or china knobs or handles are employed
I fix them to the socket by forming on the socket suitable lugs or pro-
jections, which enter a correspondingly formed hole in the knob or
handle, and is then turned round, so that such projections are caught
by a suitable rim or projection in the knob or handle, the parts being
cemented together in the usual manner.
In adapting my Invention to lock spindles I fix the spindle rigidly
to one knob, and I form the loose rose of the other knob with a suitable
hole to receive the square portion of the screw nut, and I then turn.
such rose round until the parts are adjusted to the thickness of the
door, when the loose rose is fixed thereto so as to prevent its turning on
the door.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONCRETING SUGAR CANE JUICE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Duncan Stewart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1869. A communication from abroad by James Kearney, residing
at St. Kitts, West Indies.
I, DUNCAN STEWART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONCRETING SUGAR CANE JUICE," which
Invention has been communicated to me from abroad by James
Kearney, residing at St. Kitts, West Indies, to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention comprises various improvements in arranging and
combining the parts of apparatus used for concreting sugar cane juice,
that is to say, for carrying out that variety of manufacturing operations
for obtaining sugar from cane juice in which the juice is made to
traverse in a serpentine course a series of trays heated by a furnace flue
or flues running longitudinally beneath them.
In carrying out the Invention the flue is made wider at the top
immediately under the trays than below, which induces a more efficient

page_text: action of the flame and fire gases upon the trays and dispenses with
bridges.
A second improvement consists in placing a multitubular steam
boiler at the end of the trays, so that the fire gases may pass onwards
through it from the flue under the trays. This boiler is provided with
an independent furnace to be fired for the purpose of getting up steam
before the trays are in action, and such furnace is fitted with air-tight
doors to be closed when the trays are in action. One or two furnaces
for burning megass are provided for firing under the trays, and the
mouths and ash-pits of these furnaces are fitted with air-tight doors to
be closed when the steam boiler is being fired by means of its own
furnace. This renders it unnecessary to fit a damper. between the last
tray and the boiler. Provision is made for retaining water or liquor in
the last tray to prevent its overheating. The boiler is hung on a centre
wall and what is termed an oven with stop ends, whilst round the boiler
a course of dry fire-brick is laid, so that if additional heating power is
required these bricks can be withdrawn as wanted. The fire gases from
the trays pass through the boiler and into the heating chamber, which
has a smoke box frame, and which is provided with air-tight doors to
give access for cleaning the boiler tubes. The heating chamber is, by
preference, to be made of brickwork instead of iron, so that the smoke
flue may be easily connected to an existing stone or brick chimney.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLE CUTLERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest George Reuss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1869.
I, ERNEST GEORGE REUSS, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLE CUTLERY," to be as follows:-
It has been hitherto the custom to fasten the tangs of knives, forks,
and other similar instruments used for table purposes into their handles
or hafts by means of molten rosin mixed with various other materials,
the said mixture being poured into the handles in a liquid state and
by contraction while cooling holding the tang of the knife, fork, or
other instrument fast in its handle. By constant use, however, and by
putting the knives and other instruments in hot water for cleaning
purposes this mixture of rosin and other materials either becomes soft
or breaks into dust, and thus completely loses it hold upon the tang,
thereby frequently causing the handle to drop off altogether. It has
therefore been tried to fix the handle more firmly by rivetting an iron
or other metal pin through the side of the handle or through its face,
but as this in a great measure destroys the appearance of the knife, fork,

page_text: or other instrument this method of securing the handle has not been
generally adopted and cannot be recommended for general use.
Now the object of my Invention is to fix the said handle permanently
to the tang of the knife, fork, or other instrument, and to effect this
the process occasionally applied to ivory and other handles not of metal
is proposed to be employed. This process consists in driving the tang
of the knife or other instrument through the haft or handle and rivetting
it at the other end, but the following alterations are rendered necessary
by the difference in the material of which the handles are constructed.
A hole is drilled or otherwise formed at the lower end of the metal
handle and the said handle is filled with the molten mixture of rosin
and other materials as aforesaid, the tang of the knife, fork, or other
instrument being passed through the said mixture into the small hole
at the lower end of the handle and firmly rivetted therein, thus per-
manently securing the handle to the tang of the knife, fork, or other
instrument of table cutlery.
If desired, the blade or prongs may be provided with a false bolster
under the real bolster, the said false bolster fitting exactly into the top
part of the handle, thus adding to the strength of the fastening and
keeping the handle in its proper position should the rivet at the end
of the tang become loose from constant or rough usage. This false
bolster will also press the mixture of rosin and other materials more
firmly into the handle and prevent the said rosin from falling out in
the form of dust, which is now the case after a knife, fork, or other
instrument has been in use for any length of time.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MULES POR SPINNING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Shadrach Rawsthorne and John
Metcalf at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th September 1869.
We, SHADRACH RAWSTHORNE, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Manufacturer, and JOHN METCALF, of the same Place, Over-
looker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MULES POR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a simple and effective method of winding in
the carriage of self-acting spinning mules, whereby a steady and positive
motion is obtained without the objectionable band and scrolls.
These improvements consist in winding in the carriage by a screw,
differential or otherwise, the space in the thread of such screw being
sufficiently wide to receive a bowl and stud which is secured to the
carriage above or below as the make of the mule shall determine.
This screw may and will be worked by cross, spur, bevil, mitre, or
friction wheels, rollers, or pullies and band. If we use the ordinary
screw. we obtain our different speeds in the bringing up of the carriage
by means of eccentric or differential pullies or wheels. It is well known

page_text: that after the minder has doffed or striped the cops off the spindles the
mules go up with great force, which causes breakages and spoils work
if not checked by such minder.
Our Invention removes such a liability and checks such tendancy,
and brings up the mules at the same speed when doffed as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORE BARRELS FOR MAKING PIPES AND HOLLOW CASTINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Knighton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th November 1869.
I, GEORGE KNIGHTON, of Riddings, in the Parish of Alfreton, in the
County of Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORE BARRELS FOR MAKING PIPES AND HOLLOW
CASTINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in core barrels for
making pipes and hollow castings. For this purpose I make core barrels
in three divisions or sections. Two of these divisions to be large and
one small. I propose to hinge the two larger divisions together, and to
hold the smaller one between the two larger ones by four jaws fixed on
the top and bottom of each of the larger divisions; these jaws are held
from opening outwards or expanding past the proper circle by a strong
bar of iron, which connects the two jaws together both at the top and
bottom in such manner as to allow them to contract as required. I
propose to put on the top and bottom of the smaller division two plates
of iron with a hole in cach plate, through which hole is put the strong

page_text: bar of iron which connects the two jaws together. Between these two
plates fixed on the top and bottom of the smaller division I put a bar;
this bar has one straight edge to bind against the small division of the
core barrel, the other edge to have an inclined surface at each end;
these inclined surfaces to bind against the strong bar of iron fixed in the
jaws and keep the barrel in its proper position for use. When the core
barrel has been used this bar with its inclined surfaces is removed from
between the small division of the barrel and the strong bar of iron, then
the small division of the barrel is loosed and allows the other two
divisions of the barrel to contract while it is removed from the casting.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CARDING. ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Heys, John Duckworth,
and George Barnes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th June 1869.
We, JAMES HEYS, JOHN DUCKWORTH, and GEORGE BARNES, of
Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CARDING.
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to carding engines for carding fibrous materials,
and consists in placing between the doffer and draw box a number
of rollers for supporting and conveying the web or carding in its
passage to the draw box, and thereby enabling hard waste and similar
materials to be formed into an endless web in carding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Adam Fyfe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1869.
I, DAVID ADAM FYFE, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a method of and apparatus for the con-
version of the straw or bine of the hop plant (humulus lupulus) into
pulp suitable for the manufacture of paper.
The straw or bine is first submitted to the action of a calendering and
teasing machine for the purpose of crushing and opening out the fibre
previous to boiling. The fibre is then boiled in a weak solution of
caustic soda for the space of about two hours in a revolving or other
steam boiler under pressure; this soda solution is then drained off and
a second solution of soda applied, and the fibre again boiled for about
two hours more, when the macerated fibre is then removed from the
boiler. The fibre is now submitted to the action of a washing and

page_text: beating engine, the water in which is made hot by the injection of steam
under pressure (say one hundred degrees Fahrenheit), and kept at this
temperature during the first washing. After washing for a short time a
weak solution of oxalic acid is applied, which assists in neutralizing any
alkali that may remain in the fibre, and also the next process of
bleaching. The washing is again resumed for a short time with cold
water, when a solution of chloride of lime is then applied, and the fibre
bleached in the ordinary manner known to paper makers. The fibre is
now ready to be received into the beating engine preparatory to its
being made into paper in the ordinary course of manufacture.
The washing and beating engine employed in this process is specially
constructed for this fibre, the "roll" instead of being provided with
knives having merely blunt or pounded projections across its circum-
ference, and the "plate" against which the roll acts having also similarly
blunt or rounded projections, which are inclined slightly towards each
other at the centre, so that the action of the engine is to rub instead of
cutting the fibre, which has the effect of clearing the gummy matter
from the fibre without injury to the latter. Underneath a false
perforated bottom on the opposite side of the engine to the "roll" is a
steam pipe, which admits or injects steam to the engine, and by
keeping the pulp in a heated state greatly facilitates the washing of the
same, and also dissolves any soluble gum that may have remained in the
pulp from the previous processes.
AN IM- PROVED APPARATUS FOR STOPPING HORSES WHEN THEY RUN AWAY OR BECOME UNMANAGEABLE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Annibal Ardisson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th June 1869.
I, ANTOINE ANNIBAL ARDISSON, of Boulevart Magenta, No. 111, Paris,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR STOPPING HORSES WHEN THEY RUN AWAY OR BECOME
UNMANAGEABLE," to be as follows:-
This consists in providing the bridle with an apparatus by which run-
away horses or those which have become unmanageable are blinded, and
thus brought into a more tractable state.
For saddle horses the blinder is in the form of an ornamental rosette
at each side of the horse's head, while for horses in harness it is concealed
beneath the ordinary blinkers.
For saddle horses the blinder consists of a round pad or rosette of
caoutchouc, or other supple material, which is mounted upon a spring
articulated to a metallic band fixed upon the side strap of the bridle.
The spring is held by a little pin from which it is released by a sharp
sudden pull upon a cord or narrow rein held by the rider. When the
horse becomes unmanageable the rider sharply pulls the before-mentioned
rein which has the effect of releasing the pins, and the springs being thus.

page_text: free fall outwards and carry the pads or rosettes over the horse's eyes.
The two rosettes are hollowed in the centre in order not to hurt the
horse's eyes. After the horse has been stopped, the rider readjusts the
pins into the metallic bands of the springs, and the rosettes resume their
position at the sides of the horse's head.
For a horse in harness the blinder is within the blinker, it consists of
a spiral spring which acts upon an elastic pad. In repose the two
springs are restrained by a little pin or bolt which is passed through the
blinker and is connected to a safety rein as it may be called, held by the
driver. When the horse becomes unmanageable the driver pulls the
safety rein, and immediately the springs being released extend and press
the pads against the eyes of the horse, who being thus blinded becomes.
tractable.
I am of course able to form this apparatus of any convenient material
and to arrange it in the most suitable manner for the various arrange-
ments of harness.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE INTERMEDIATE UPRIGHTS OF ALL KINDS OF METAL AND WOOD FENCING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hernulewicz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1869.
I, EDWARD HERNULEWICZ, of King William Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING THE INTERMEDIATE UPRIGHTS OF ALL KINDS OF
METAL AND WOOD FENCING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to open fencing, that is, fencing made of bars
or wires or rods of metal or wood connected together horizontally and
vertically, and the improvement which forms the subject of this Inven-
tion consists in the mode of connecting the intermediate uprights to
the horizontal cross bars or rods, which pass through or enter into holes
made in such said uprights.
I propose to effect this by the following means, that is to say:-To one
edge of each intermediate upright aforesaid and opposite to those parts
thereof where the horizontal bars or wire or rods of metal or wood_pass
through or enter into the said uprights, I adapt a metal clip which
embraces each side of the upright, and I propose to form a hole or
opening through each side of the said clip for the bars or rods of metal

page_text: or wood to pass through; or instead of the said bars or rods being passed
through the clip, the clip may be passed over after the rods or bars
have been passed through the uprights; this may be done by making
the hole in the clip forked so as to pass over the bars or rods. Having
adjusted the clips a wedge is driven in between the clip and the edge!
of the upright, by which the horizontal rods or bars are forcibly drawn
against the edges of the holes in the uprights, and by these means
the uprights are secured in position. The end uprights are of the ordinary
kind.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TOP
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bate at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1869.
I, HENRY BATE, of Hackney Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED TOP," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to the construction of a top for emitting
musical sounds or notes, and playing tunes by the action of the same
whilst spinning, and consists in enclosing within the body of the top
a fan wheel or flier, horizontally mounted upon a tube or barrel, so as
to revolve upon a fixed vertical spindle or peg upon which the same is
spun, in connection with which musical combs or wires secured internally
to the sides of the said top are employed for sounding the notes or
chords through the medium of striking pins or points formed upon the
revolving barrel in like manner to the action of the musical box, slot
openings or channels formed in the outer case or body of the top being
also employed for directing the current of air (caused by the spinning of
the top) against the fans, whereby the musical vibration of the wires is
produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th July 1869.-A communication from abroad by Edouard Lainé,
of Paris, in the French Empire.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City
of Westminster, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR LUBRICATING THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to lubricate the cylinders of steam
engines when there is no steam in the cylinders, automatically, slowly,
and so as to prevent waste, for which purposes the delivery of the
lubricant is regulated by means of a screwed valve for adjusting the size
of the orifice leading from the cup or reservoir, and the admission of
the lubricant into the cylinder of the engine is controlled by means
of a single valve actuated by the pressure of the steam.
In order to clearly explain the Invention I have annexed a Drawing,
but I do not confine myself to the exact details illustrated.

page_text: A is the cup or reservoir, and B is the screwed valve whose conical
lower end regulates the size of the delivery orifice; C is the valve by
which the admission of the lubricant into the cylinder is regulated.
When the apparatus is placed on a steam cylinder it suffices to regulate
the delivery by means of the valve B. At each admission of steam the
valve O is raised by the pressure of the steam until the lower part of
the valve bears against its seat D and so prevents the flow and con-
sequent waste of the lubricant, but on the contrary each escape of steam
so reduces the pressure in the cylinder that notwithstanding the action
of the spring R the valve C descends and allows a certain quantity of
the lubricant employed to pass, such quantity being proportionate to
the area of the orifice between the valve B and its seat E.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE FOR THE PURPOSE OF FACILITATING INSTRUCTION IN FIRING WITH PRECISION
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Robertson Aikman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th March 1869.
I, FREDERICK ROBERTSON AIKMAN, of Brompton Crescent, Brompton,
in the County of Middlesex, Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding the
Second City of London Rifle Volunteer Corps, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FIRE-ARMS
AND ORDNANCE FOR THE PURPOSE OF FACILITATING INSTRUCTION IN FIRING WITH
PRECISION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon those specified under the
Letters Patent granted to me 3rd day of July 1867 (No. 1934). In the
Specification of the said Patent I described a modo of attaching a
small firing barrel to a sham barrel of the ordinary dimensions, so that
the pointing, laying, training, and firing could be practised as with a.
full-sized real gun, but the ammunition consumed should be that only
required for the small firing barrel, and the range could be limited to
a convenient length.
My further improvements have for their object the application of this
or similar constructions to real guns. For this purpose I attach to the

page_text: gun in any convenient position a small barrel such as that of a rifle or
pistol. I mount this barrel on a horizontal pivot or axis, and apply to
it a scale for vertical adjustment, with a screw or other convenient
apparatus for setting it, so that its line of fire can be made parallel to
the line of sight of the gun to which it is attached, or can be elevated
or depressed as desired. .
When the gun itself is on a level bed or platform the firing barrel
being adjusted to the line of sight, the effect of its fire on a target at
short range will correspond with that of the gun at a longer range, and
the gunner can ascertain whether he has pointed, laid, or trained his
piece correctly. When the firing barrel is not parallel with the line of
sight the deviation of its shot to right or left on the near target will
indicate the error in respect of the lateral level of the bed or platform
on which the gun rests. When it is desirable that the gunner should
practise also the charging and firing of the gun a communication may
be made between its charge and that of the small barrel, or their locks
may be connected by convenient mechanism, so that on the one being
fired the other is fired simultaneously. A firing barrel such as I
have described above may be attached with its adjusting apparatus to
an ordinary fowling piece, rifle, or other fire-arm for the purpose
of practicing with small charges at short range as will be readily
understood.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND, AND THE APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH ITS USE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy Albert Blake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1869.
I, PERCY ALBERT BLAKE, of 9, Aberdeen Park, Highbury, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND, AND THE
APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH ITS USE," to be as follows:-
The constituents of the compound are simply sulphur and chlorate
of potash in the proportions of about one of sulphur to two of chlorate
of potash. These substances can be kept separately in a dry powdered
state and mixed by sifting when required. This mixture has been
known for years to detonate when struck with a hammer but was
useless as an explosive agent because it merely burnt slowly when
fired by the ordinary fuses.
My Invention therefore consists in rendering this compound prac-
tically to explode by the use of a peculiar kind of detonating tube or
percussion cap, which renders it exceedingly serviceable for torpedos,.
blasting, shells, blowing down palisades, and other similar appliances.

page_text: The detonating tube to be employed is made of metal about an inch in
length and about of an inch in diameter, the bore being about, but
I do not confine myself exactly to these dimensions as a larger or smaller
tube can be used for the purpose. First is introduced into it some of the
compound and well pressed down, next some fulminating mercury, and
then a small quantity of detonating silver, and the rest of the tube may
be filled up with meal powder. The end of the tube which is filled with
the compound is to be placed in contact with the compound contained
in the vessel to be fired, and the other end may be fired by any kind of
ignition apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AERIAL NAVIGATION AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marius Michel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
June 1869.
I, MARIUS MICHEL, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AERIAL NAVIGATION AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
After making experiments I have discovered that birds possess a
surplus of carrying, transporting, and sustaining power, that is to say,
they are enabled to lift into the air and transport weights.
Now my Invention consists in so arranging apparatus that this surplus
carrying, transporting, and sustaining ability may be made practical use
of for the purpose of aerial navigation, and it consists of a framework
of a triangular form to which a number of birds sufficient for carrying
the weight are attached by harness. From the framework rods or
suspending links proceed downwards, and to these the boat or car con-

page_text: taining the seronauts and load is fastened. The apparatus is provided
with one or more rudders for steering or guiding the course or direction
through the atmosphere, and the birds are brought under control by
reins fastened to the pinions of their wings.
An IMPROVED METHOD OF EXHIBITING 'CARTES DE VISITE' OR OTHER PORTRAITS OR PICTURES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Palmer Lucas and
George Henry Joseph Holt at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th January 1869.
We, THOMAS PALMER LUCAS, of Belmont, Bromley, in the County of
Kent, and GEORGE HENRY JOSEPH HOLT, of Sydenham, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED METHOD OF EXHIBITING 'CARTES DE VISITE' OR OTHER PORTRAITS OR
PICTURES," to be as follows:-
The cartes de visite, portraits or pictures, are first inserted in pieces of
cardboard having spaces out out to receive them. On the top of these
cards are fixed loops composed of wire or other material through which
a rod is inserted. The ends of this rod are fixed into two separate
triangular pieces of wood, cardboard, or other material, the whole being
closed in so as to form a box with glass inserted in the front and back,
through which the pictures are viewed. When exhibiting the pictures,
all that is necessary is to open the triangular box and turn the cards
over, they revolving on the rod before mentioned. This article will be
called a photoscope.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENT AND OTHER KILNS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Paul Hope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
March 1869.
I, WILLIAM PAUL HOPE, of Wouldham, in the County of Kent, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENT AND OTHER KILNS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of kilns to
be used for the manufacture of Portland cement and other purposes, by
means of which a great economy in fuel may be obtained, the heat being
passed from ono kiln into and through the next, supposing two or three
to be under fire at a time.
Instead of constructing the kilns of considerable height as hitherto
and open above, I cover each with a fire-brick arch, and cause the heat
to pass through but a comparatively small thickness of the materials
operated on. For each kiln I provide a chamber contiguous thereto and
capable of being placed in communication therewith through a suitable
channel provided with a damper, or the vacuum chambers may com-
municate, if desired. From these chambers the air is continually
exhausted either by a fan provided for the purpose or by means of the
shaft. A strong draught may thus be created by the aid of these

page_text: vacuum chambers in any one or more of the kilns as desired. The
kilns are placed in communication the one with the other in the
following manner:-At the back of each kiln are passages placed below
the level of the material operated on. These passages communicate
with a suitable fluc or flues leading down under the pan of the adjoining
kiln, into which the heat is passed through an aperture in the pan
(thereby igniting the kiln), and through a column rising in the centro
of the pan. This column is of fire-brick and hollow and rises in the
midst of the materials in the kiln, so that the heat is caused to pass
uniformly throughout the latter on its way to the exit passages,
leading either to its vacuum chamber or to the next kiln, as the case
may be. The dampers before mentioned cut off the communication
between the vacuum chambers and kilns except with the one last
ignited. Thus supposing Number 1 kiln to have been ignited and
burnt clear, the heat therefrom on its way to the vacuum chamber of
Number 2 passes under and ignites the latter kiln, the heat from which
is in turn caused to pass through kiln Number 3, and so on. I further
utilize the surplus heat from the kilns for the purpose of drying the
slurry from which the cement is obtained by forming a level surface
above the arch or roof of the kilns upon which, as also on the vacuum
chambers, the slurry is deposited. In existing kilns I also utilize the
coke ovens in a similar manner by passing the heat from the kilus
through the same for drying the slurry. The improvements before
described are also applicable to lime, brick, and pottery kilns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Ingham, Jonas
Ingham, Henry Ingham, and Charles Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd
November 1869.
We, JONATHAN INGHAM, JONAS INGHAM, and HENRY INGHAM, of
Thornton, near Bradford, in the County of York, Shuttle Makers, and
CHARLES SMITH, Manager of Weaving for George Turner and Company,
of Horton, near Bradford, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING," (to be as
follows) :-
This Invention consists in constructing and applying the pike so as
to be a fixture in the shuttle stock, thereby dispensing with the use of a
spring to hold it in position as required when the pike is hinged in the
shuttle stock, and we make a joint intermediately in the pike, the joining
parts overlapping each other a suitable distance, so that when the spool
or bobbin is placed on the pike over the joint it holds the said pike rigid
or prevents motion of the joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR PERFUME AND OTHER BOTTLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Joseph Hicks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1869.
I, JAMES JOSEPH HICKS, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STOPPERS FOR PERFUME AND OTHER BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in stoppers for perfume
and other bottles. For this purpose I form a stopper of glass, earthen-
warc, vulcanite, or other suitable material in any desired color by
blowing, moulding, or other well-known means, and I form from the
lower end of such stopper to a certain distance up the side thereof any
desired number of grooves or cuts, the neck of the bottle being lined
with cork as is now well understood. By these means the stopper may
when pressed fully down into the neck of the bottle be employed as are
ordinary stopper, but when withdrawn from the neck to such a distance
as to expose the upper ends of the grooves or cuts to the outer atmosphere
it may be used as a sprinkler for perfume or other liquid, or it may be
used to facilitate the measuring of drops. When employing glass in the

page_text: manufacture of such stoppers I prefer to form them hollow with the end
sealed up, as will be well understood.
The Invention also consists in forming in glass or earthenware a
hollow stopper open at the lower end and having any desired number of
holes formed through the sides thereof, such stopper being employed in a 5
similar manner to the above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND HAT BODIES, OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidor Frankenburg and Samuel
Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th July 1869.
We, ISIDOR FRANKENBURG, Manufacturer, and SAMUEL PHILLIPS,
Foreman, both of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND HAT BODIES, OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD,'
to be as follows:-
"
Our Invention relates to hats, caps, or coverings for the head, and
more particularly to those descriptions in which a body or shell is
formed, which body or shell is covered on the outside with silk, plush,
fur, cloth, or other substance or material, and has hitherto been lined on
the inside, as for example, with silk, paper, or calico.
When constructing the said shells or bodies we employ leather in lieų
of the felt, cemented calico, cork, or other material ordinarily employed,
each body or shell being entirely formed of a single piece of leather; or
the brim may be formed of one piece of leather, and the rest of the body
may be formed of another piece; or the said body or shell may be formed

page_text: of more than two pieces of leather, as found to be most suitable or
convenient. We prefer that the main body of the hat shall be formed
of a single piece of leather, the brim being formed of a suitable material
other than leather, and attached to the said body. The said piece or
pieces of leather, when in a moist condition, is or are moulded in or
upon a suitable mould or block, the face or hair side of the leather
forming the interior surface of the hat, the rough or flesh side receiving
the covering of cloth, silk, plush, or other material, the said covering
being directly attached to the leather; or in some cases a primary
covering, as, for example, of caoutchouc or of waterproof cloth, may be
attached to the leather shell, the outer covering being attached to the
said primary covering. Bodies or shells formed in manner as indicated
above do not require an interior lining, and at the same time are tight
and durable.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER HANGINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1869.-A. communication from abroad by Charles
Hermann Rost, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chan-
cery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER HANGINGS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce wall papers in various
colours that will admit of being washed like painted surfaces without
injury thereto. To this end instead of using distemper colour for
the ground of paper hangings, oil, turpentine, and other like colours are
applied to the paper by mechanical means in the following manner :-
An elastic bed composed of a sheet of leather cloth, or its equivalent,
held at tension is employed to receive the paper to be coated, and over
this sheet is mounted a "doctor," which serves to spread the colour at
a uniform thickness over the paper. The sheet of leather cloth is
supported between side frames on tension bars or rollers carried by the

page_text: side frames. The front end of the sheet is set somewhat lower than
the rear end for a reason that will presently be obvious, and openings
are cut in it near its edges to allow of the escape of superfluous colour,
which might otherwise accumulate and get under and soil the back of
the paper. Transversely of this sheet stands the doctor, which is
capable of vertical adjustment by means of screws or their equivalents.
The paper in the form of a roll is mounted on a horizontal axle at the
front of the machine, and the paper without having received any previous
preparation is drawn over the elastic bed or sheet and under the doctor
by hand or otherwise. In front of the doctor and upon the paper is
laid the oil paint that is to form the. ground colour. The paper is then
drawn rapidly through the machine, rapidity being necessary to prevent
the oil from penetrating the paper. It will now be understood that
the traverse of the paper under the doctor will bring forward the mass of
color, which will be held back by the doctor, only so much passing
under with the paper as will suffice to form an even colored surface
upon the paper. As the paper rolls are thus coated they are taken
away, and the coated surface is exposed to the air, or an artificial tem-
perature to expedite the drying of the same. When dried the paper
may receive any desired ornamentation, whether of embossing or
printing oil or painting by hand in imitation of marbles, and wood artistic
devices may be applied, but in all these cases oil or turpentine colours
or. varnishes should be used.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY ATTACHMENT TO BE ADAPTED TO BURNERS FOR BURNING EXPLOSIVE GASES FOR ILLUMINATING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1869.-A. communication from abroad by John Stephen
Lipps, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY ATTACHMENT TO BE
ADAPTED TO BURNERS FOR BURNING EXPLOSIVE GASES FOR ILLUMINATING AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
In burning explosive gases or mixtures thereof, such as a mixture of
oxygen and hydrogen, or oxygen and carburetted hydrogen, there is
much danger from explosion by the flame running back from the burner
and communicating with or igniting the gas in the supply pipe and
reservoir. To obviate this danger it has been a common practice to
bring the two gases through separate pipes to the burner, so that the
mixture has been effected in or close to the burner.

page_text: The object of this Invention is to dispense with the necessity for
separate pipes for the two gases, and to enable the mixture of gases to be
brought from one common reservoir or mixing chamber to the burner
by a single pipe without danger of explosion, and to this end a chamber
filled with sand or granular mineral matter is applied between the burner
and the pipe from which it is supplied, so that while the explosive gases
or their mixtures are free by the pressure to which they are subjected in
the reservoir to pass through the interposed body of sand or granular
mineral matter, the latter in case of the flame running back from the
burner is caused by the force of the explosion which occurs to be so
closely packed or jammed as to prevent the passage of flame to the pipe
through which the gas is conducted from the reservoir or mixing chamber
to the burner.