matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD HART, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford
Manufacturer of Bicycles and Tricycles. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES."
The object of this Invention is twofold, first, to provide against the danger
incurred from the tendency which tricycles as usually constructed have of upsetting
when going round a curve owing to the pair of wheels on the one axle not being
able to adjust themselves as the framing of the machine is inclined; and second, to
allow of either or both of the pair of wheels on the one axle rising to pass over a
stone or other irregularity without causing any severe jerk to the rider.
The former object is attained by bringing the backbone or steering spindle, as
the case may be (according to whether the pair of wheels are at the back or front),
to the axle of the pair of wheels, so that as the back-bone or spindle tilts over it
alters the angle at which it is connected with the said axle, and both the wheels
thus run upon the ground with practically no tendency for either of them to rise.
In order to keep the said backbone or spindle in its upright position in straight
running, and to return it to that position after rounding a curve, a curved flat
spring is placed on each side thereof, one end being fixed to the axle, and the other
end curved up and bearing against the backbone or spindle. A small bolt is
screwed through the backbone (in case of the pair of wheels being at the back),
and passes through slots in the ends of the springs which bear against the back-
bone, lock nuts being placed on the outer ends of the bolt to prevent any chance of
the springs getting out of place. The springs may, if desired, be rigidly connected
to the backbone, and the parts bearing upon the axle slotted.
The second object is effected by forming a hinged joint near to each end of the
axle carrying the pair of wheels, each joint being constructed with shoulders so
that the hinged end is capable of being moved upwards only and to an extent just
sufficient for the purpose required. The outer ends of the springs fixed as herein-
before first described are carried along the top of the axle from their connection
therewith, and bear upon the hinged ends of the axle, thus keeping the said
hinged ends in line with the main part of the axle when running on an even
surface, but allowing the said hinged ends to give when passing over a stone or
other irregularity in the road.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS TO CARRY CARGO IN BULK
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Rudd Oswald and George Stavers, of 75 Grace-
church Street, in the City of London, for au Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS TO CARRY CARGO IN BULK."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Rudd Oswald &
George Stavers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th
March 1880.
WILLIAM RUDD OSWALD and GEORGE STAVERS, of 75, Gracechurch Street, in the
City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS TO CARRY
CARGO IN BULK."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of ships to
carry cargo in bulk.
When ships of ordinary construction are loaded with cargo in bulk there is
danger after the cargo has settled down of its shifting in case the ship should meet
with heavy weather.
The case would not be improved if the cargo were loaded in bags, more especially
where the ship is constructed to employ water ballast contained in tanks in the
bottom, for by so loading the ship the centre of gravity would be so raised as to
render her unsafe.
These difficulties we overcome by constructing the ship with a central longi-
tudinal bulkhead extending from the keel up to the lower deck, and between the
lower deck and the deck above we provide two parallel and longitudinal bulkheads
or partitions, one on either side of the centre line and including the hatchways,
between them. The space thus enclosed between decks along the ship from end to
end receives cargo in bulk to feed the cargo in the lower hold through openings
provided for the purpose, and keeps the spaces on either side of the main longi-
tudinal bulkhead completely full, notwithstanding any settlement which may take
place.

page_text: The bulkheads or partitions between decks are moveable, permitting the spaces
between decks on either side to be loaded with cargo in bags.
Parts of the main longitudinal bulkhead may also be movable to facilitate the
loading and unloading of the ship, and openings may also be provided to permit of
the cargo being passed from one side of the longitudinal bulk head to the other in
loading and unloading the ship.
This longitudinal bulk head will be found to add greatly to the strength of the
ship, and if made water tight will in other ways add to the safety thereof.
The longitudinal passage way between decks which is available immediately the
cargo begins to settle will greatly improve the ventilation of the ship when a grain
or coal cargo is carried, and will be useful also as a passage way.
In order to leave the hatchways more clear to admit the machinery usually
employed in loading and in unloading the main longitudinal bulkhead may be placed
somewhat out of the centre, or it may be inclined.
MENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Livermore Shorland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1880.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firm of Shillito and Shorland, of
Stretford Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironmongers.
** IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WARMING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS."
My Invention relates in the first place to apparatus employed in the supplying
of warm air to rooms, or to the interiors of buildings or crections as is well
understood. In certain apparatus air is conveyed through pipes or conduits which
are outwardly exposed to heat, and the object of my Invention is to increase the
practical efficiency of such conduits. In the cases of cast-iron pipes, I cast a mid-
feather or diaphragm across the bore of the pipe, or two or more mid-feathers, or I
cast gills extending into the pipe, or I use the mid-feathers and gills in combination.
The said mid-feathers and gills by being connected with the shell of the pipe
conduct heat inwards, and add considerably to the effective heating surface, and
also by aiding in the more rapid transmission of heat to the air flowing through
the pipe render the latter less liable to become overheated. I employ my Invention
in connection with the stoves or fire-places which are provided with hollow backs,
which warm currents of air which are directed to flow through such backs. I
convey the air from the hollow back through two branches or openings which are
connected with a breeches pipe, that is to say, with a pipe which is formed with
two limbs, so as to connect two openings with a single pipe. I cast or form the
said breeches-pipe with a mid-feather or with mid-feathers, or with gills, or with
mid-feathers and gills, as hereinbefore indicated. My Invention relates in the
second place to apparatus for removing heated or vitiated air from rooms or
interiors. 1 employ a pipe or conduit, which is by preference bell-mouthed at its
lower extremity, which is in or in communication with the room or place to be
ventilated, and I provide its upper extremity with a balanced valve which is
arranged to open outwards to permit of the escape of air into the roof space or into
the outer air, or otherwise, but closes to prevent the down-flow of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLL TOBACCO AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Thomas Lendrum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1880.
ALEXANDER THOMAS LENDRUM, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Tobacco Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLL
TOBACCO AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the use of ropes for confining the
rolls while the tobacco is subjected to the action of the press.
Instead therefore of enclosing the rolls with coils of rope, I substitute for such
rope a series of parallel beaded rings or hoops of brass, metal, or other similar
material, divided into semicircles, and hinged at one of such divisions, but open at
the opposite division, in order to free the roll when being placed therein or removed
therefrom.
At the open division the rings or hoops are provided with snugs and keys, or
other ordinary mechanical contrivances by which they may be locked or fastened
together when closed.
The rings or hoops are attached together by means of transverse slotted lugs, and
pins or bolts, or are otherwise articulated or jointed so that they may be capable
of depression in correspondence with the contained tobacco when subjected to the
action of the press.
I provide both or either of the outer rings or hoops with an internal flange to
keep the roll in position.
The rings or hoops may be pierced or perforated at intervals to permit of the
escape of any steam or juice issuing from the roll.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RESINOUS MATERIAL, AND OIL RESULTING THEREFROM, AND MEANS OF PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Anthony Wood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1880.
THOMAS ANTHONY WOOD, of Heaton Mersey, in the County of Lancashire,
Analytical Chemist. "A NEW OR IMPROVED RESINOUS MATERIAL, AND OIL
RESULTING THEREFROM, AND MEANS OF PRODUCING THE SAME."
The Invention consists in the treatment of various mineral oils, such as shale,
petroleum, paraffin, and other analagous oils, with nitric and certain other acids, or
other substances which part freely with their oxygen. The result of this treatment
is to produce a solid resinous substance, applicable to many of the purposes for
which various gums, lacs, and other resins are now employed, and also a residual
oil applicable for lubrication and other purposes.
In order to effect this result, I intimately mix the oils with the nitric or other
acids, or substances as above mentioned, in a heated or cold state, according
to the character of the product required, and in any suitable proportions; for
example, when using nitric acid, it may be mixed with the oil in the proportion of
from 50 to 90 parts of acid, of say, 1.40 specific gravity, to 100 parts of oil. Suitable
colouring matter may be added when required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE VALVE GEAR OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Ainsworth Stott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1880.
JESSE AINSWORTH STOTT, of the Firm of A. H. Stott and Sons, Engineering
Architects, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE VALVE GEAR OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE
ENGINES."
My Invention refers to engines in which two valves are used, one to regulate the
admission and exhaust, and the other to "cut off" the steam at variable parts of the
stroke according to the load upon the engine by the action of the governor, and
the main object of my Invention is to so arrange and combine the parts together
that the direct action or centrifugal force of the governor will have sufficient force
to give the changing movements to the cam for working the "cut off" slide valve.
My Invention consists in an improved combination and arrangement of the
mechanism.
I prefer to use an ordinary slide valve for regulating the admission and exhaust
of the steam, and to work this to and fro by a hollow or tubular valve rod, and I
prefer to connect this tubular valve rod on the exterior of the valve box with a
slide sliding upon any suitable way or guide, this tubular valve spindle or rod
being actuated from an excentric by any suitable rods and levers in any ordinary
manner.
"
Within the tubular valve spindle there is a spindle connected with a "gridiron '
"cut off" valve working on the back of the main slide valve, and this valve spindle
slides to and fro through a stuffing box formed on the end of the tubular valve
spindle, and the cut off valve spindle is actuated through a bell crank lever
having its fulcrum upon the said slide, which is connected with the tubular valve
spindle.
Thus arranged both the main and "cut off" valves receive the same motion, but
that of the "cut off" valve is modified by the action of a cam or tappet upon bowls
on a rod connected with the said bell-crank lever having its fulcrum on the
slide. The cam or tappet is moved endways on a fixed key upon its rotating shaft
by the direct centrifugal action of the governor, or a sleeve is moved endways, and
there is a screw or " rifle " arrangement to cause the cam or tappet to change in
position upon the shaft.

page_text: In the combination above described the "cut off" valve is supposed to move,
when opening or closing the ports, in the same direction as the main valve, but it
may be arranged to move at right angles thereto, in which case the central spindle
for the "cut off" valve will only require oscillatory movement from the cam or
tappet.
I have herein before described the "cut off" valve as a "gridiron" valve, which I
prefer, as it only requires a short movement to open or close its ports, but my
Invention is equally applicable when used with other forms of superimposed cut
off valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nicholls at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1880.
THOMAS NICHOLLS, of 76, Blake Street, Barrow in Furness, in the County of
Lancashire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS."
My said Invention has for its object an improved method of arranging and
working the rollers of rolling mills, whereby increased facilities are afforded in
rolling blooms, bars, steel ingots, ship and other plates.
I construct rolling mills with four rolls, in two pairs, one pair being vertical and
the other pair being horizontal. These rolls are placed in their housings or frames
as near together as practicable without touching each other. The four rolls are all
connected by bevel or other wheel gear with the driving shaft of the engine or
other motive power, so that they all turn at the same speed. The rolls are also
capable of being adjusted to suit the size to which the bloom is required to bo
rolled.
When the bloom passes between the horizontal rollers it is thereby compressed
or rolled to a thickness equal to the distance between such rollers, and when it
passes between the vertical rollers the sides of the bloom are in like manner
reduced to a thickness equal to the distance between such last mentioned rollers.
Suitable screws are fitted to the housings or frames, whereby the distance
between each pair of rollers can be regulated by the man in charge, and the bloom
reduced to the required size by rolling the bloom backwards and forwards in the
rolls, for which purpose ordinary reversing gear is required.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that my said Invention
consists of a four roll cogging mill comprising four rolls, geared together and so
arranged that the four sides of the bloom are operated upon at the same time, each
roller acting upon one of the four faces of the bloom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOW PIPES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Gimingham'at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1880.
CHARLES HENRY GIMINGHAM, of Camden Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOW PIPES."
My Invention consists in combining the large blast and small pointed blow pipe
flames in one instrument, the object being to do away with the necessity of
changing the air jets when the size of the flame is to be altered, also in being able
to use in conjunction with these two flames a Bunsen flame, which is produced
from the same pipe as the large flame, and serves to heat up the glass, metal, or
other substances before applying the blow pipe flame, without the deposition of
soot on the materials thus heated and in the room where the blow pipe is used.
The injury to the eye-sight consequent on the use of the large flickering flame
ordinarily used is also avoided by this improvement. The Invention also relates to
means for readily ringing the changes on the three kinds of flames and for
adjusting the apparatus so as to direct the flame in any direction desired.
According to my Invention the two burners are carried in socket pieces furnished
with cocks, and connected independently with the gas supply pipe. The small blow
pipe is constructed as usual, that is to say, it consists of a nozzle or burner and an
inner jet, to which the flexible pipe from the bellows is connected by means of a
short tubular piece, which slides telescopically within said nozzle. The large nozzle
or burner is similarly connected with the bellows, and it is supported midway of
its length in a socket or sleeve, with which connects an air supply pipe for
producing the "Bunsen" flame. The barrel of the large burner is made in two
parts, screwing into the socket from opposite sides, and meeting end to end at the
centre of the socket, which has a circumferential groove cut in its inner surface, so
that the air is admitted to the nozzle equally all round and mixes with the gas,
causing its complete combustion. The three tubes which supply the air respectively
to the blow pipe and to the "Bunsen" burner branch from a single pipe connected
with the bellows, and these tubes are secured to the edge of the bench and provided
with stop pieces, which are pivoted to the bench and bear against the tubes so as to
kink them, and enable the operator to quickly shut off the air from one of the tubes
and admit it to another, according to the kind of flame he desires to use.

page_text: The universal joint which supports the apparatus consists of two balls, one on an
extension of the socket piece, and the other on the support which is screwed to the
bench. These balls are received in corresponding depressions in a pair of parallel
side plates and clamped together by a set screw. This joint, besides being of simple
construction, gives tlie instrument a greater range of motion than the ball and socket
joint ordinarily employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND HYDRAULIC MOTORS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas O'Hara, of Haydon Square, Minories, in the City
of London, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND
HYDRAULIC MOTORS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas O'Hara at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1880.
THOMAS O'HARA, of Haydon Squaro, Minories, in the City of London,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND HYDRAULIC MOTORS."
My Invention is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the usual sliding
piston in a fixed cylinder, as used in the ordinary steam or hydraulic motor, and
to effecting the reciprocating motion by an improved form of apparatus applicable
to motive purposes either by the use of steam or water.
My improved apparatus consists of a moving cylinder, which is of a double
coned shape, the bases or largest diameters of the cones being at the centre, where
the cylinder is divided by a strong diaphragm. The ends of the cylinder are the
points of the cones, but instead of coming to a sharp point they terminate in two
pipes of suitable diameter provided with stuffing boxes.
Through these stuffing boxes work two hollow plungers fixed to two strong.
uprights or standards, and in the line of the axes of the cylinder. These hollow
fixed plungers are used as the steam admission and exhaust passage for admission
impact of the steam against the diaphragm of the moving cylinder, and for egress
therefrom on the return stroke.
The alternate admission to and egress from either end of the moving cylinder is
effected in a suitable manner by an ordinary eccentric slide valve sliding over
three ports, the outside ports communicating with either end of the cylinder, and
the centre port being the exhaust either to the atmosphere or to a condenser. To
effect the shortening of passages the slide valve before referred to may be divided
into two parts on the same rod, each part working as near to their respective ends
of the cylinder as possible.

page_text: To further secure the steady travel of the reciprocating cylinder it is provided
with sliding blocks working in the usual guido bars. The motive power may be
communicated from this reciprocating cylinder by the usual sling connecting rod
to a crank and fly wheel, or the reciprocating motion may be used direct where
rotative motion is not required.
Where water is used the action of the valves is made to be intermittent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR SUPPORTING AND SECURING TELEGRAPH AND OTHER WIRES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wells and Arthur Gilbert
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1880.
GEORGE WELLS, of North Street, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer,
and ARTHUR GILBERT, of Worcester Park, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR SUPPORTING AND SECURING TELEGRAPH
AND OTHER WIRES."
"
This Invention relates to insulators for supporting and securing telegraph and
other wires, and has for its objects, 1st, to secure the wire without affecting the
insulation, so that in the event of broakage the wire, except between the two poles
where the breakage occurs, may remain as firmly held as before; 2nd, to effect a
saving of time and labor in the erection of wires for telegraphic and other purposes,
by obviating the necessity for binding and soldering at the insulators or holding
points, and by enabling the operator easily to fix the wire at each insulator as he
travels from pole to pole; 3rd, to afford greater facility in making joints at the
broken parts by enabling the operator to bring the wire to the ground for
that purpose, instead of placing his ladder against other wires as is now frequently
done.
Our Invention consists of an insulator of earthenware, stoneware, porcelain, or
other suitable non-conducting material of bell or mushroom shape, surmounted by
a head either square or flatsided, or so shaped as to receive nuts and bolt heads
conveniently. Through the head of the insulator two (or, if preferred, one) or more
bolts are passed by the side of, but clear of contact with, the bolt which passes up
the centre of the insulator for securing it to the pole or arm of the pole. These
bolts have a small groove cut in the inner side of their heads to grip the wire, and
a corresponding groove or bed is made in the earthenware, or in a continuous
metal washer under the bolt heads. The wire may be attached to the insulator
either at the side by placing the gripping bolts horizontally, or on the top by
placing them vertically, or at any angle with the nuts below, and in either
case the wire when strained has only to be placed in position and the nuts screwed
up tight.

page_text: Another method of securing the wire may be adopted by forming the head of
the insulator half round, or of such shape that one side is flat. Over this head a
band or strap of iron is placed, and the part gripping the wire has a similar groove
cut therein to that above described. The strain to grip the wire is obtained by a
screw bolt passing through the opposite point or side of the band, or strap, and
pressing against the head of the insulator. Provision is also made for the insertion
of a lightning conductor when necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRINKING FLASKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Stanton and Alfred
James Owen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th
January 1880.
HENRY ALFRED STANTON, of Marquis Road, Stroud Green Road, in the County
of Middlesex, and ALFRED JAMES OWEN, of Bensham Manor Road, New Thornton
Heath, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRINKING FLASKS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in drinking flasks, and relates to
means whereby the necessity for removing the cap or stopper from the neck of the
flask in order to withdraw the contents of the latter is obviated.
For this purpose we fix a tube or mouth piece (preferably somewhat flattened)
to the crown of the cap or stopper, such tube communicating with the interior of a
chamber formed in such cap or stopper.
This chamber is provided with a spring valve acting upon a valve seat at the
lower end thereof to prevent the contents of the flask passing out through the
tube except when otherwise acted upon.
A valve rod or pusher placed in a suitable position to be acted upon by the
finger or thumb is employed to force the valve away from its seat when desired.
The valve rod passes out through a hole in the cap or stopper, and is provided
with a small valve fitting a valve seat formed around such hole, so that when such
valve rod is depressed the small valve may be pressed to its seat, and thereby
prevent the liquid from leaking out around the valve rod.
In some cases the valve may be applied to the mouth piece itself, and be operated
by a pusher or lever.
By these means the flask may be held in one hand, and the contents thereof
withdrawn by depressing the valve rod or pusher with the finger or thumb, and
thereby opening the valve; the tube or mouth piece may then be employed to
convey the contents of the flask to the mouth of the user.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING STONE, WOOD, METAL, AND OTHER SURFACES SO AS TO PRESERVE THEM AGAINST ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1880. (A communication from
abroad by Egmond Julius Erichsen, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark.)
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS FOR COATING STONE, WOOD, METAL, AND
OTHER SURFACES SO AS TO PRESERVE THEM AGAINST ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES."
(A communication from abroad by Egmond Julius Erichsen, of Copenhagen, in the
Kingdom of Denmark.)
Heretofore waterglass containing nabron and in combination with colours or
pigments has been used as a preservative against the influence of the atmosphere;
but it has been found that the preservation is only partial or for a time.
Now according to this Invention, best kalium (potassium) waterglass, which
when dry by analysis would give about 30 per cent. potash, and about 60 per cent.
silicate, answer the object of efficiently protecting stone and other surfaces against
atmospheric influences, as has been ascertained by lengthened trials.
When colours mixed with such a silicate have been used, and then the above
waterglass solution alone without admixture of colour is applied as a coating, of a
stronger or weaker consistency according to the condition or quality of the object to
be coated, a still more efficient protection is afforded.
With the above kalium silicate in solution and in varying degrees of strength
are used various substances for admixture with the colours, viz., preparations of
zinc or other metals, various lasting earthy colours (no arsenic colours), magnesia,
sulphate of baryta, plaster of Paris, chalk, or lime.
Thus for instance, for wood and metals may be used one part of metallic paint
and one part of silicate of 25° B.; for wall paper or for plastered walls may be used
ground, and mixed in water, chalk or pipe clay, or sulphate of baryta, viz., one part
of such paste mixed up with water, and one part of silicate of 25º B., together with
earthy or metallic colour; for roofing felt, or roofing pasteboard, previously
asphalted or not, may be used a light coloured and hence cool composition
consisting of part metal colour, 1 part chalk, 1/2 part silicate of 25° B. and an
addition of earthy colour; for a hermetic glazing or polish may be used the silicate
of 25° B., or of a somewhat greater or less strength; for coating ceilings, a sulphate
of baryta paste mixed with the silicate of 25 or 30° B.
The above mixtures will stand washing with soap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT DESIGNATED THE FLUTE."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Collard Augustus Drake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1880.
"
COLLARD AUGUSTUS DRAKE, of No. 3, Bedford Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Professor of the Flute. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT DESIGNATED THE FLUTE."
My first improvement relates to the bearings of the rods forming the centre and
support of the tubing to which the keys are affixed. Hitherto one pillar has been
used at each end of each rod. I construct each pillar with two or more holes
which can carry two or more rods, by which means I am enabled to dispense with
a multiplicity of pillars.
My improvements further relate to the means of applying the rods on which the
tubes bearing the keys work. I use one or more continuous rods from end to end.
Hitherto these rods have been divided into two or more parts, each part revolving
on its own axis by being pinned or soldered to the tubing carrying the keys. My
improvement is effected by an arrangement of the keys applicable to the fingering
required.
The communication of one key with a more remote one has been effected as
above stated by pinning the tube to the centre rod; whereas I operate on a distant
key (other keys intervening on the same centre) by the use of a bracket attached
to the distant key having two bearings, between which bearings are the intermediate
keys.
My further improvements relate to the arrangement of the keys which are
operated on by the left hand. On flutes as now ordinarily constructed one or
more holes are placed at the side of the flute and are closed by keys operated on by
the thumb of the left hand. I retain these side holes, which are the fourth and
fifth keys on my flute, but there is no duplicate hole to either of them.
The first three holes on my flute are closed by placing the 1st finger of the left
hand on a lever or finger press which has no hole under it; this lever lies between
the 3rd and 6th keys, and Cb is produced. The 7th key closes the 1st and 3rd keys,
and C is produced. The upper of the two thumb keys or 4th key closes the
1st key and produces C.
I employ the ordinary means to close or open the holes by the use of springs
attached to the keys, the keys being fixed to the tube working on the centre rod.
APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE IN CASE OF FIRE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Allison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1880. A communication
from abroad by Monsieur Remy, of 33, Rue des Ecoles, Paris, in the Republic
of France.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of 41,
"AN IMPROVED
Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE IN CASE OF FIRE." A communication from abroad
by Monsieur Remy, of 33, Rue des Ecoles, Paris, in the Republic of France.
This relates to an apparatus which is placed in the loft of the house, by means
of which an easy escape on to the roof is effected, and which also prevents
suffocation by smoke. Two iron joists are fixed into the partition wall and a
third joist is connected to them by means of angle irons. These joists are
supported by means of iron supports also let into the wall at a distance of about
20 inches from the flooring of the loft. The space between the joists is filled in
with fire bricks, which are covered by a layer of sand and paved with tiles, thus
forming a flooring. Upon the two joists fixed into the wall is fitted an iron
frame which reaches to the roof, in one side of which frame slides an iron door
which is counterbalanced by a weight. The space between the two side frames
is filled in with fire brick, thus forming a small chamber or cell. In order to
reach the chamber or cell a short iron ladder is fitted from the floor of the loft to
the bottom of the chamber or cell.
Inside the said chamber or cell is an iron ladder let into the wall and which
reaches to the roof of the house, in which is fitted an iron trap-door working on
hinges and supplied with an air pipe or ventilator.
The apparatus could be established-on-each-storey, and would thus form a long
chamber or cell reaching from the ground floor to the roof of the house.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND OTHER MONETARY DOCUMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Case at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1880.
THOMAS HENRY CASE, of Plumpton, in the County of Sussex, Farmer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND OTHER MONETARY DOCUMENTS."
The object of my Invention is to prevent the alteration of monetary documents,
and more particularly bankers' cheques, from a smaller to a larger amount, and my
Invention consists in providing means by which a small piece of the paper or other
fabric of the cheque may be so torn or cut out at the time the cheque is drawn as
to indicate an amount which the cheque shall not exceed.
For ordinary cheques I find it convenient to divide one (preferably the upper)
edge of the cheque into a number of spaces or teeth by short lines of perforations
in such manner that any one of the teeth may easily be torn or cut out, and just
opposite the spaces or teeth I print or otherwise indicate a series of numbers, such
as 5, 10, 15, 20, &c., one such number opposite each tooth, so that when a person is
drawing a cheque he may tear out the tooth opposite the number next larger than
the amount of the cheque. For instance, if he were drawing a cheque for six
pounds he would before parting with it tear out the tooth against the Figure 10,
indicating by the space left that amount of the cheque was less than £10.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Shirley Bowden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1880. A communication
from abroad by Carl Emil Krarup, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark.
SHIRLEY BOWDEN, of Southampton Buildings, Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRT FRONTS." [A communication from abroad
by Carl Emil Krarup, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of shirt
fronts, and is as follows:-
The shirt front is made of a fourfold thickness of material so stitched together in
the centre where the front opens in the ordinary manner as to form on the right
hand side of such opening two flaps, hereinafter termed the fly flap and the back
flap, and on the left hand side a pocket plait, consisting of two plaits stitched
together at top and bottom so as to form an opening or pocket extending the
entire length of the front. The hinder of such two plaits forms the backstay of
the pocket plait, while the front plait forms the face plait of the shirt front.
Into the opening so formed in such pocket plait the fly flap readily takes and fits
when the front is closed, and in order to facilitate its so doing either end of such
fly flap is tongued off and left free, thus allowing it to readily slip into such pocket
plait.
The back flap corresponds in length to the pocket plait, and has a portion of the
neck band stitched thereto so as to allow of the front being fastened at the neck by
a stud or otherwise in the customary way.
When the front is so fastened it is obvious that there are four thicknesses of
material alternately overlapping each other down the entire length of the opening
in the front, vidclicct, firstly, the face plait; secondly, the fly flap; thirdly, the
backstay of the pocket plait; fourthly, the back flap.
By this improved method of manufacturo the following advantages are
obtained:-Firstly. It is impossible that the air can penetrate to the chest of the
wearer, and whatover position he may assume the under vest, is effectually
concealed. Secondly. The ordinary fastenings of button holes and buttons or
studs are entirely dispensed with, thus rendering the front far more durable owing
to the absence of any wear being caused by fastening and unfastening the same.
If

page_text: desired, however, the face plait may be furnished with one or more button holes
so as to permit of a stud or studs being placed therein for ornament. Thirdly. The
front is not liable to become crumpled or soiled owing to its always remaining in
its proper position, owing to the double interlocking of the overlapping thicknesses,
as already described; finally, shirt fronts manufactured upon this improved
principle are far more durable, and therefore practically far more economical, than
those made in the ordinary manner, at the same time that they give considerable
additional comfort and ease to the wearer combined with a greatly improved
appearance at a very trifling extra cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Seymour Hawker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1880.
THOMAS HENRY SEYMOUR HAWKER, of St. Mary Axe, in the City of London,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
This Invention relates to improvements in producing optical illusions and in
apparatus therefor.
According to my Invention scenery and other objects may be made to disappear
from the vision of the spectator, or be transformed into other objects, or scenery
instantaneously or gradually, or to become more or less transparent, and also to
reappear instantaneously or gradually.
In accomplishing this the scenery or other object has placed before it a trans-
parent reflector, such as a sheet of glass, inclined at an angle of forty five degrees
to the mean line of vision of the audience. A second scene is placed out of sight
of the audience at an angle and distance relative to the reflector corresponding
with the original scene. If now the original scene be darkened, and the second or
duplicate scene be well illuminated, this second scene will be reflected by the trans-
parent reflector, so as to appear to be a real scene in the exact position of the
original. To cause objects to disappear from vision they must be placed between
the transparent reflector and the original scene, and then when the original scene
and such objects are darkened and the reflected scene takes their place such objects
are entirely obliterated from vision, the background behind them and the flooring
where they had stood being represented by reflection as if the original and an
empty space. By partially illuminating such invisible objects they will become
apparently transparent, other objects being seen through them, and by properly
illuminating any portion, or the whole of such objects, such portion illuminated
will appear as real and solid as at first. By throwing a sudden flash of light on
any object it will appear to instantaneously flash into existence and away again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DENTAL MALLETS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Jamieson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1880.
ALEXANDER JAMIESON, of Broad Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DENTAL MALLETS."
My Invention relates to dental mallets which contain a plunger for actuating the
plugger. The first part of the Invention consists in acting upon the plunger by
means of an air pump forming part of the instrument, and actuated by means of a
cam or excentric. This cam or excentric has rotary motion imparted to it in any
suitable manner, either by hand or foot, and is connected to the rod of the pump
piston, the barrel or cylinder of which is an air tight metal tube or case forming
the upper part of the instrument. The piston thus receives reciprocating motion
from the cam or excentric, and therefore imparts the requisite reciprocating motion
to the plunger.
My Invention further consists in fitting within the instrument between the
pump and the plunger which drives the plugger a disc or diaphragm having a small
orifice through which the air forced by the pump has to pass, and which therefore
concentrates the air so that it acts with increased force upon the plunger.
My Invention further consists in making the stroke or travel of the plunger
adjustable, so that the force of the blow upon the plugger can be increased or
diminished as required. The manner in which I prefer to effect this is to make
that part of the instrument which contains the plugger to screw into or upon that
portion which contains the plunger, so that by screwing up or unscrewing the parts
the distance between the plunger and plugger can be adjusted or regulated, and in
order to fix the parts in the required position, I employ a sleeve with a slot which
I slide along the instrument, so that the slot takes on to a pin or projection upon
the part which contains the plugger, and prevents its shifting.
The instrument is formed with holes at suitable points for the inlet and outlet
of air.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOVING RAILWAY VEHICLES BY MANUAL POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wolfgang Schmid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1880.
WOLFGANG SCHMID, Engine Master, of the Royal Bavarian State-railways, at
Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria (Empire of Germany). "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR MOVING RAILWAY VEHICLES BY MANUAL POWER."
The Invention relates to apparatus for shifting railway carriages in stations.
The apparatus is used by placing it under the buffer-beam, fixing it tightly to the
same, and then working it by turning the crank, by which means the carriage is
set in motion on the rails.
The driver consists principally of an iron frame which runs upon two rollers on
the rail, and has at its upper end a contrivance to be fixed under the buffer-beam of
the railway carriage to be shifted, so that a portion of the weight of the latter rests
upon the driver, and thus the requisito adhesion between roller and rail is produced.
The combination and the moving power of the driver are as follows:-
An iron frame tapering towards the top and forming a broader base below
stands upon two wheels; by the side of these wheels on the same axle are two
chain-rollers or drums round which an endless chain is wound, which at the upper
end of the frame runs over another smaller chain roller; firmly connected with this
smaller chain-roller is a mitred wheel. Two mitre wheels are fixed loosely by a
support to an axle, one of which is provided with a clutch coupling, so that at will
either or neither of these two small wheels may be coupled with the axle by a
counter coupling fixed on the axle, or when none of these couplings are put in gear
then the axle with its crank is separated from the wheel; this combination is
attained by shifting the axle with its couplings in its longitudinal direction and
securing it when in or out of gear by a pin against further shifting. When
therefore a man by a slight exertion of power turns the crank the large mitre wheel
is set in rotation by the small mitro wheels when in gear, consequently the two
wheels are put in motion by the chain, and as these wheels are charged with about
the twenty-seventh part of the weight of the carriage they exercise enough adhesion
upon the rail so as not to slip. The carriage is put in motion by the action of the
crank as described just as well as by a locomotive. When once the carriage is set
in motion, a still smaller amount of power is required to keep it on its course, and
the larger mitre wheel is put in gear, by means of which the superfluous power is
changed into velocity, and the vehicle can be moved forward at will by a single
man. The various parts are most conveniently made of metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING PASTE AND FOR MAKING PIES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stephon Clark, Daniel
Edwards, and Robert Davenport, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 19th June 1880.
WILLIAM STEPHEN CLARK, DANIEL EDWARDS, and ROBERT DAVENPORT, all of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR MOULDING PASTE AND FOR MAKING PIES."
Our Invention is applicable to those machines in which vertical spindles or
plungers are used for actuating the top dies, and consists, firstly, in attaching two
dies to the plunger in such a manner that they may act simultaneously on the
paste to be moulded, one to mould the pie, and the other to lid it; theso dies are
adjustable and placed on sliding plates; the die which moulds the pie is in some
cases provided with an attachment to give it a twist in leaving the paste. We use
two lower dies on a movable plate below the plunger, into and on to which the
upper dies descend. These dies are formed of three segments, one segment of cach
die being stationary and the other two segments movable, being opened simulta-
neously by levers or otherwise to remove the pie when made. The plate on which
the two lower dies are fixed turns on a centre to allow the dies to be brought in
turn under the forming and lidding dies.
We make the dies of glass, earthenware, porcelain, or enamelled metal.
We give motion to the plunger by a lover and a toothed quadrant which works
into a rack, but other mechanism may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPERATING RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Walter Pigott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1880.
ARTHUR WALTER PIGOTT, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Engincer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPERATING RAILWAY BRAKES."
In carrying my improvements into effect I make use of the power of water or
other fluid to act on pistons or rams, and such fluid is brought into operation by
means of pumps operated by the axles of the bearing wheels, the direction or flow
of the liquid being effected by a valve capable of being operated by electro-
magnetism.
•
According to an arrangement of parts I adopt for the purpose, there is applied
to one of the axles of the bearing wheels a pulley in position to act on, and in its
rotation to give motion to another pulley on a separate axle capable of being shifted
by excentric or otherwise, so as to cause its pulley to be held in contact with that
on the axle of the bearing wheels, or withdrawn therefrom.
This secondary axle also carries an excentric, or it may be a crank, to operate by
a connecting rod the piston of the pump, so as to cause the water or other fluid
employed, to be supplied through suitable valves from a reservoir or source of
supply for the purpose.
This water or other fluid is controlled by a regulating or controlling valve to
pass to one or other or both of a pair of cylinders, to act on pistons in such
cylinders. One of these pistons, by connecting rod and leverage, brings the axle
of the moveable drum above referred to into contact with that on the axle of the
bearing wheels, whilst the other piston by connecting rod operates the brake
power. In some cases in place of employing two cylinders with separate pistons
or rams, one cylinder with double action parts may be employed.
Escape valves are employed.
The position of the regulating or controlling valve is governed by an electro-
magnet, which operates to keep the apparatus out of action until some derangement
of the train or necessity for bringing the brake power into operation takes place.
By these means the brake power of any one carriage may be independent of all
the others, and such apparatus may be applied to any or all of a train of carriages,
and be self-acting.