IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC TURKISH OR HOT AIR BATHS, AND IN SHAMPOOERS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH, PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS IN BATHS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER HOUSEHOLD BATHS "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Dray of Bear Lane Southwark Street in the
county of Surrey Merchant, and Julian Bernard of Long Acre in the county
of Middlesex for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC TURKISH OR
HOT AIR BATHS, AND IN SHAMPOOERS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH, PARTS OF
THE IMPROVEMENTS IN BATHS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER HOUSEHOLD
BATHS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Dray and Julian
Bernard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December
1883.
MICHAEL DRAY of Bear Lane Southwark Street in the County of Surrey
Merchant and JULIAN BERNARD of Long Acre in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC TURKISH OR HOT AIR BATHS AND IN SHAMPOOERS
TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS IN BATHS BEING
APPLICABLE TO OTHER HOUSEHOLD BATHS".
-
This invention relates to certain peculiar arrangements of baths more particularly
applicable to domestic or household baths whereby they are rendered more portable
and made to occupy less space whilst possessing the capabilities of various
descriptions of baths thereby rendering them of practically universal application.
Our improvements consist :-
Firstly. In so constructing and arranging plunge and other descriptions of baths
that they can readily and with ease be made to stand on end when not absolutely
required for use in which positions they occupy a much less floor area than
ordinary baths and can be so enclosed in a casing as to assume or resemble when
not in actual use a wardrobe or other similar piece of furniture. One method by
which this is effected consists in providing the bath shell or bath proper which in
some arrangements is in the form of a tray with two trunnions one on each side
placed near one end of said shell and which trunnions are hollow so as to serve as
a. passage for the egress and ingress of the water which can be connected by any
well known means to any ordinary source of waste and supply and provided with
taps as may be required. The said shell is also provided with suitable openings for
[Price 4d1

page_text: admitting heated air when employed as a Turkish or hot air bath. These hollow
trunnions take into and pass through if required the sides of the casing at and in
such a position in relation to the trunnions as will admit of the bath shell or tray
to be raised from the horizontal position in which it is placed when used and made
to stand on end until further required. The casing which is preferably made of
wood is made of sufficient breadth and elevation to admit of a shower bath being
placed in its upper part. In the bottom port of this casing is formed a cistern or
well for containing water which may be conveniently forced by means of a hand
pump into the cistern of the shower bath when not otherwise provided. The water
from the bath may also be discharged into the lower cistern through which it is
made to pass into the waste pipe. Combined with this casing there is an improved
mechanical shampooer hereinafter referred to as a brush or rubber to make the
bath complete. Should the shell or tray be made of material which from its
weight will be found inconveniently heavy it may be provided with a counterweight
When made to stand on
so as to facilitate the operation of raising it on end.
end a door of any convenient form or design with which the casing is provided
can be shut and the shell and adjuncts completely closed in and concealed.
On
Secondly. Our invention consists of a novel and improved method and means of
enclosing or covering in such portable baths and which is applicable to closing in
or covering other baths or spaces with a view to confining or enclosing hot air for
bathing purposes and which is or may be carried out in the following mauner.
one or more skeleton frames which may be in the form of the letter U inverted
I place and secure a covering of any suitable or convenient flexible or pliable
material; one leg of this skeleton frame I centre or pivot at the back of the
surrounding rim of the bath and in such close proximity to the upright part of
the before mentioned or other casing or panelling in which the shower bath is
contained that it forms for all practical purposes an air tight joint therewith the
leg centred at the back being sufficient to maintain the frame in an upright
position whilst the other or front portion or leg is free to swing partially round
sufficient to form an opening and serve the purpose of a door by which the bather
can enter or leave the bath or space so enclosed by these skeleton covered frames.
At the end of the bath opposite to the shower bath a corresponding skeleton frame
is secured or in lieu thereof a fixed upright panel corresponding in outline to the
said skeleton frame to which panel one end of the flexible covering is secured. Or
in lieu of the fixed end panel for closing the end of the hood formed by the skeleton
frame or frames and the flexible covering this end may also be closed by a flexible
covering and the supporting frame may be hinged so as to be turned to an inclined
position towards the shower end of the bath and over the bathers' head. In the
said flexible end covering a slit sleeve or other opening is or may be made to allow-
of the bathers head being outside if desired when undergoing the hot air process.
The frame next to that part of the bath containing the arrangements for the
shower may in lieu of being pivotted or centred as described for serving as an
opening for entering or leaving the bath be provided also with similar joints or
hinges which will admit of being lowered or folded down sufficiently to admit of
a person entering or leaving the bath or space so enclosed. Or the skeleton frame
nearest the shower end of the bath may be secured in a slide or slides placed and
secured on the framing or sides of the shell previously referred to.
We force and distribute the air to be employed in our before mentioned improved
domestic or household or Turkish baths through suitable ducts or pipes by means
of a fan or other blower whereby such baths can be supplied with the required air
from either a higher or a lower level or at any distance from either the forcing
or the heating apparatus employed, the temperature and ventilation being regulated
from the interior of the bath by valves or openings under the immediate control of
the bather.
Our improved description of revolving brush or rubber to be used in
combination only with our hereinbefore described hot air or Turkish baths

page_text: which is so formed and constructed that the person using the said brush can
at his option instantly supply it with either hot or cold water without the necessity
of changing the brush or stopping the apparatus. One method by which we effect
this consists in placing and securing the brush on a hollow revolving spindle
(carried in any suitable frame) into which spindle water is admitted it being
provided with suitable watertight packing at the joints and cocks under the control
of the bather. At the part of the spindle which is in the interior of the brush
there are several small holes which open into an enlarged part of the brush sur-
rounding the holes in the spindle. From this enlarged part of the interior of
the brush the water passes through suitable openings to the material forming the
brush and is distributed over its surface.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Michael Dray and Julian
Bernard in the Patent Office on the 22nd July 1884.
MICHAEL DRAY of Bear Lane Southwark Street in the County of Surrey
Merchant and JULIAN BERNARD of Long Acre in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC TURKISH OR HOT AIR BATHS AND IN SHAMPOOERS
IN BATHS BEING
TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO OTHER HOUSEHOLD BATHS
"
Our said Invention relates partly to further improvements upon and additions
to the bath and its accessories described in the specification to Letters Patent
granted to the said Julian Bernard the 19 March A.D. 1881 No 1210 and consists
partly of certain peculiar arrangements of baths and their accessories more
particularly applicable to domestic or household baths whereby such baths occupy
less space and are rendered portable whilst possessing the capabilities of various
descriptions of baths thereby rendering them of practically universal application.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer
to the several figures on the explanatory sheets of drawings hereunto annexed
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
In carrying out our present invention we so construct and arrange plunge and
other like descriptions of baths that they can readily and with ease be made to
stand on end when not absolutely required for use in which positions they occupy
a much less floor area than ordinary baths and can be so enclosed in a casing as to
assume or resemble when not in actual use a wardrobe or other similar piece of
furniture. One method by which this is effected is shown at figures 1, 2, 3 and 4
of our drawings. Figure 1 is a sectional elevation and figure 2 a corresponding
front view thereof showing the bath as turned down or opened out ready for use
but partly in transverse section the concealing door being removed. Figure 3 is a
sectional elevation showing the same bath as turned up on end or out of use and
concealed inside a fixed outer casing resembling a cupboard wardrobe or other piece
of furniture. Figure 4 is a corresponding front view of Figure 3 showing one
half of the concealing door closed the other half being removed the better to show
the position of the bath inside its casing. We provide the bath shell or bath
proper a which in some arrangements may be in the form of a shallow tray with
two trunnions b b on which it turns, (one on each side) placed near one end of
said shell which trunnions are hollow so as to serve as a passage for the ingress
of hot or cold water or both they being connected by any well known means to
any ordinary source of supply and provided with cocks as may be required. The
said shell is also provided with a suitable branch pipe or nozzle c and cock for
admitting and distributing heated air as hereinafter described when employed as a
Turkish or Hot air bath. The hollow trunnions bb pass through the sides of the
concealing casing d if required in such a position as will admit of the bath shell
or tray a being raised from the horizontal position in which it is placed when in
use (see figures 1 and 2) and made to stand on end until further required (see
figures 3 and 4). The concealing casing d which is preferably made of wood is of
sufficient breadth and elevation to admit of a shower bath e and other well known
accessories peculiar to Turkish and other baths being fitted or adapted thereto.
In the bottom part of this casing is formed or placed a cistern f for containing
water which may be conveniently forced by means of a hand pump connected with
the branch pipe and cock g into the cistern of the shower bath which may

page_text: however be supplied with water from any other convenient source. The water
from the bath a may be discharged into the lower cistern ƒ by the waste nozzle
and valve at h from which cistern it may pass off by the waste pipe i fitted with
a stop cock. is a pipe and funnel mouth for filling the cistern f by hand
if not otherwise supplied. Combined with the aforesaid bath a and casing d there
is a frame turning on a spindle m so as to be moved up out of the way inside
the casing d when not required for use and turned down into the bath as shown
by the dotted lines when required by the bather as described in the said previous
specification No. 1210 A.D. 1881.
According to one portion of our present invention we provide the said frame
with a mechanical shampooer n of improved construction hereinafter referred
to as a brush or rubber and fully described, to render the bath more effectual.
Should the shell or tray a be made of material which from its weight will
be found inconveniently heavy it may be connected by cords o passing over
guide pulleys with counterweights p as shown so as to facilitate the operation
of raising it on end. When made to stand on end a door g of any convenient
form or design with which the casing is provided can be shut (see figure 4)
and the shell and adjuncts completely closed in and concealed. a¹ figures 1,
and 2 is a foot or prop for supporting the outer end of the bath in a horizontal
position said foot being by preference hinged to the bottom of the bath as
shown so as to lie flat against the bath when in its upright position and admit
of the door q being closed. Our invention further consists of a novel and improved
method of enclosing or covering in such portable baths, and which is applicable to
closing in or covering other baths of spaces with a view to confining or enclosing
hot air for bathing purposes and which is or may be carried out in the following
manner. On one or more skeleton frames which may be in the form of the
letter U inverted we place and secure a covering s of any suitable or convenient
flexible or pliable material; one leg of the said skeleton frame we hinge centre or
pivot on one side of the bath proper as shown at t and in such close proximity to the
front part of the before mentioned concealing casing & that it forms for all practical
purposes an air tight joint therewith the longer leg centred or pivotted at t being
sufficient to maintain the frame with its covering in an upright position whilst the
other or shorter leg rl is free to swing partially round sufficient to form an opening
as shown clearly in figure 1 and serve the purpose of a door by which the bather
can enter or leave the bath. At the end of the bath opposite to the shower bath a
second corresponding skeleton frame may be used covered with the flexible material
or fabric to enclose the heated air but we prefer to employ an upright panelled
frame u as shown in figure 1 corresponding in outline to the first mentioned skeleton
frame and to which panelled frame one end of the flexible covering may be secured
as shown. When a flexible end covering and second skeleton frame are used the
said covering is provided with a slit or other opening through which the bather
may breathe or communicate with the outer atmosphere but when a panelled frame
is employed as shown in the drawing it will be formed with an opening at v v to
which a flexible sleeve w is attached the inner free end of which may be drawn
over or secured to the bathers head whilst in a sitting posture and undergoing the
hot air process by an elastic or other cord. is a glazed aperture to admit light
into the bath. The said frames and covering are so arranged as to be readily
removed when the bath is to be turned on end. To facilitate the standing on end
of ordinary domestic plunge baths when not required for use we provide such baths
at one end with two feet or projections as shown in figures 5 and 6 forming
with the edge of the end flange or rim x' of the bath a tripod.
We force or circulate and distribute the air to be employed in our before-
mentioned improved domestic or household hot air or Turkish baths through the
pipe c connected with a perforated pipe y inside the bath which we call the
distributor by means of a fan or other well known arrangement not shown in our
drawings whereby such baths can be supplied with the required air from either a
higher or a lower level or at any distance from either the forcing or the heating.

page_text: apparatus employed the temperature and ventilation being regulated from the
interior of the bath by valves or openings under the immediate control of the
bather as will be readily understood.
Our improved revolving brush or rubber to be used in combination with our
hereinbefore described hot air or Turkish baths is so formed and constructed that
the person using the said brush or rubber can at his option instantly supply it
with either hot or cold water without the necessity of changing the brush or
stopping the apparatus. Figure 7 is a detail horizontal longitudinal section on
a larger scale of the improved rubber mounted, in its frame ready for use a
portion only of the frame being shown in said Figure. Figure 8 is a side elevation
of the improved rubber showing it turned up into position in which it can be
readily removed and changed for another and Figure 9 is a cross section taken
through the line 1-2 in Figure 7 showing the supply cock and means for actuating
the same.
We place and secure the rubber A which may consist of a circular brush of
felted hair or wool on a hollow revolving spindle B which is enclosed in a tubular
case B¹ and provided with a driving pulley B¹¹ as shown and mounted in the
frame into which spindle water is admitted from a flexible or other pipe (not
shown in our drawings) through the cock C controlled by the bather through the
lever D acted on by a spring E. F is a moveable conical centre held in position
by the spring G and which is withdrawn slightly when the spindle of the rubber is
to be disengaged as shown in figure 8. At the part of the spindle which is in the
interior of the brush or rubber there is a hole or holes opening into a chamber or
space H in the brush block which communicates direct with the body of the
rubber and thus permits the water to pass freely through and be distributed over
its surface.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and
original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the hereinbefore in
part recited letters patent is:-
First. Plunge or other like descriptions of domestic baths so arranged and
constructed as to stand on end in an upright position when not in actual use
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. The combination with the end or ends of a plunge and other like
description of domestic baths made with an outer projecting flange or rim of
projections or feet so arranged in relation to the said flange or rim as to enable the
bath to support itself on end in an upright position when not in actual use
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Third. The combination with plunge and other like descriptions of domestic
baths of solid or hollow centres or trunnions on which the bath is free to be turned
into an upright position when not in actual use as herein before described.
Fourth. The combination of a plunge or other like description of domestic bath
made to stand on end with a cupboard or casing provided with a door for receiving
and concealing the bath when not in actual use, substantially as herein before
described.
Fifth. The combination with the said cupboard or concealing casing of centres
or trunnions on which the bath is turned into an upright position substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Sixth. The combination with the said cupboard or concealing casing of a
shower or other well known description of bath substantially as herein before
described.
Seventh. The combination with a plunge or other like description of domestic
bath when used as a Turkish or hot air bath of hinged or pivotted moveable
skeleton frames covered with fabric or other like flexible material and made to
open and close for the ingress and egress of the bather substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described.

page_text: Eighth. The combination with a plunge or other like description of domestic
bath of a hinged or pivotted moveable skeleton frame in conjunction with a
panelled frame provided with a flexible sleeve for enabling the bather to breathe
and communicate with the external atmosphere substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Ninth. The application and use of a duct or channel placed or formed inside a
domestic Turkish bath for supplying and distributing heated air thereto and therein
substantially as herein before described.
Tenth. A mechanical shampooer consisting of a rotary brush or rubber mounted
on a hollow perforated spindle carried by an adjustable frame or holder and
supplied with water through a tube and cock connected with the said frame or
holder and spindle and under the immediate control of the user substantially as
hereinbefore described.
In Witness whereof I the said Julian Bernard for myself and on behalf of
the said Michael Dray have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty second
day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty four.