matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWINE OR CORD
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Waithman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1880.
ARTHUR WAITHMAN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS
"IMPROVE-
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TWINE OR CORD."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of certain kinds of twine or cord,
known as "New Zealand" twines, or of other variegated or mixed colored twines
or cords, which are produced by a process of printing for which Letters Patent
wero granted to me, dated September 4th, A.D. 1875, No. 3109, and the Invention
consists of certain improved apparatus which I propose to employ for giving an
alternate rotary motion to the twine or cord during the process of printing (as
described in the Specification of the Letters Patent above referred to,) instead of
giving a reciprocating motion endwiso to the rollers, under, over, or through which
the twine or cord passes.
Between the holding or tension rollers of the machine and the printing rollers
I fix a rail extending across the whole width of the machine. This rail is provided
with a number of brackets in which are mounted a series of short tubes capable
of revolving therein, the axes of the tubes being at-right angles to the axes of the
rollers, and the tubes being mounted closely side by side, one to each bobbin, so
that one length of twine or cord to be printed passes longitudinally through each
tube.
Or these tubes may be held in any other convenient manner so that they rotate
to and fro.
Each tube is fitted with a small wharve or pulley, and a strap, band, or cord
passes alternately over and under the whole series. One end of this strap, band,
or cord, has a weight or spring attached to it, and the other is fastened to a
vibrating arm or other equivalent device, so that as the arm vibrates the strap,
band, or cord is drawn to and fro, and thus an alternate rotatory motion is thereby
imparted to all the tubes through which the twines or cords to be printed pass.
Or the tubes may be made to rotate to and fro by a strap or band running under
and over each tube attached to a lever, or drum driven by an excentric crank, or
other arrangement for producing a to and fro motion; or they may be made to
rotate by a bar coated with india rubber, leather, or other substance, rolling under

page_text: or over the tubes with a to and fro motion, or they may be made to rotate by
direct gearing.
In order to ensure that the tubes shall transmit this rolling motion to the
twines, each twine is threaded through two holes in the side of its tube, or the
tube is provided with two light springs, or any other simple device which will
cause the twine or cord to be grasped by the tube, so that as the latter revolves to
and fro, whilst the twine or cord passes through it, will give the required rolling or
alternate circular motion thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIME-STONE
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Henry Johnstone Douglas
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1880.
ARTHUR HENRY JOHNSTONE DOUGLAS, of Lockerbie, in the County of Dumfries,
North Britain, but at present residing at Glen Stuart, in the said County.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING LIME-STONE."
This Invention, which relates to the treatment or preparation of limestone,
whereby it is rendered fit for manurial, building, and other purposes, has for its
object to effect these more economically than at present by dispensing with the use
of kilns or the burning of limestone in contact with fuel; this object is effected by
at once reducing the limestone to a finely pulverized condition instead of reducing
it to a caustic state in the lime kiln by fuel.
In order to reduce it to this pulverized state I use any convenient stamp, press,
or crusher, such, for example, as what is known as Blake's crusher, but the
essential feature of my Invention is the reduction of raw limestone by the direct
process of crushing or grinding to a pulverized state so as to be immediately
useable, and thereby avoiding the present costly practice of reducing it by fire in
kilns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES OR CARS FOR STREET TRAFFIC
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Tilley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1880.
JESSE TILLEY, of 289, Albany Road, Camberwell, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES OR CARS FOR STREET TRAFFIC."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in omnibuses or cars for street
traffic, the object being to provide a superior vehicle of lighter and more elegant
character and construction than ordinarily.
In carrying the Invention into practice for a general 'bus the seats inside are
placed back to back, with slight glass frame carried upward between the seats
toward the roof to prevent draught to the heads of the passengers, with sliding
window frame and wire to protect same.
The windows of the 'bus are to be broad
so that there shall be less rattle, and above there will be provided a shelf or rails
for passengers' use, and the door is to be a sliding door in two portions, and to run
in grooves on wheels so as to open from the middle at the driver's end of the
vehicle; the framing is pierced for lights.
The body of the vehicle may be mounted as an omnibus or as a tramway car,
but in the case of the omnibus the springs will be arranged below the axles, and
the back wheels will run in a recess in the body, and the step at the back will
come low down to the ground.
Vehicles constructed according to this Invention may be used for either a general
'bus or a light express 'bus for better class of passengers, and with or without
outside roof seats, but when roof seats are employed the protecting rail is made
higher than ordinarily, and a cover is provided for protection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR KNOBS AND DOOR HANDLES TO THEIR SPINDLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Collins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1880.
EDWARD COLLINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN ATTACHING DOOR KNOBS AND DOOR HANDLES TO THEIR SPINDLES."
My Invention consists in the construction and arrangement of parts, the which
I shall hereinafter describe, for connecting and adjusting the knobs and handles of
doors to their spindles in a more simple and efficacious manner.
In connecting door knobs to their spindles according to my Invention I use the
ordinary knob and a plane spindle. To the face of the knob centrally I make a
semi-circular recess with a hole in the centre; to the spindle at the one or both
ends I drill a hole, say, one inch in depth, more or less, as I may require; this is
then screwed, the spindle being placed in the square of the lock, the knob is then
adjusted. A screw specially provided is passed through the hole in knob and into
the spindle the desired distance, fitting itself in the semicircular recess.
For additional security I may employ a cast stud; this I securely connect to the
face of the knob or handle by closing over or other means; this is provided with a
hole and a check or seat. The screw is passed through the hole for the purpose above
described, and a washer is inserted in the check or seat held by two smaller screws;
this prevents any danger of the larger screw being released from the spindle as it
conceals the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Statham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1880.
HARRY STATHAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES."
Firstly. My Invention consists in constructing buffers for railway vehicles of a
series of rings made up of cord or rope formed of hemp, flax, jute, or other fibrous
material, which rings are placed on a buffer rod or otherwise arranged, and with
plates or washers of metal to separate the said rings.
The cord or rope rings are formed by first coiling the cord or rope in rings
parallel to each other, and then coiling the cord or rope round the coils first made
so as to bind them together; or a ring of metal or fibrous material is or may be
first formed into a ring, and as core upon which the cord or rope is wound or
coiled.
Secondly. My Invention also consists in constructing buffers of thin flat steel to
form an helical spring, and interposing between the coils of the thin spring a pad
formed of cord or rope twisted or plated together, the ends of the rope being
secured to the ends of the buffer head and its abutment, or to the ends of the
spring.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by H. Meinecke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1880.
H. MEINECKE, of Breslau, in the German Empire.
HYDROMETERS."
"
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN
According to this Invention the water enters the apparatus through a tubular
connexion. The apparatus consists of a circular vessel with two supports, through
one of which the water enters, and by the other of which it flows out.
This vessel is closed at top, and contains the vane wheel (flüge-rad) and counting
apparatus. Before the water enters the apparatus it passes through a fixed
strainer for the retention of the grosser impurities. The water flows out from a
ring-formed passage through slit-like openings on to a small vane wheel which it
sets in rotary motion. The number of revolutions of the vane wheel forms the
measure of the quantity of water passing through the apparatus.
This quantity is registered by a counting apparatus consisting of a train of wheel
work, the dial of which allows of the direct reading off of the quantity of water
that has passed through. The water flows out of the vane wheel chamber through
sectoral openings in the bottom of the said chamber from whence it passes out of
the apparatus through the outlet on the opposite side from that by which it
entered.
This Invention consists essentially of two regulating contrivances, namely,-
First. A self acting cross wise variation (Querschuitts-veranderung) of the inlet
passage by means of a valve turning on a pin.
Second. A moveable sectoral disc, by means of which the size of the outlet
opening can be varied.
The object of the first contrivance is to make the apparatus sensitive, so that the
speed of entry of the water when passing in very small quantities through the
contractions effected by the valve shall be greater whereby the defective action
heretofore existing in such apparatus when small quantities of water only are
passing will be avoided by reason of the increased number of revolutions of the
vane wheel.
As the quantity flowing through increases the valve will change its position and
will increase the inlet opening accordingly.

page_text: It will be understood that the extreme horizontal position of the valve occasioned
by a very large flow of water allows of the unimpeded movement of the small vane
wheel.
The object of the second regulating contrivance for contracting the outlet opening,
and thereby altering the speed of the outflow is to enable the whole apparatus to be
regulated after it is put together in the workshop,
A contraction of these openings by means of the sectors effects a generally higher
registration of the counting apparatus, and an enlargement of the openings a lower
registration of the same.
All parts of the apparatus are preferably made of brass and gunmetal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING BOTTLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wheeler and John Webb
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1880.
GEORGE WHEELER, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, and JOHN WEBB,
of the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING BOTTLES."
Our Invention relates to improvements in feeding bottles, and has for its object to
prevent the trouble and annoyance and crying of the child, caused by the ordinary
feeding bottle rolling over and so twisting the supply pipe, or removing it altogether
from the child's mouth.
It consists in the application and use to an ordinary feeding bottle of a double or
compound ring made of india rubber or any other suitable material, and of a round,
flat, or other desirable section or shape. It is composed of two rings, the larger
one of which is fitted tightly round the neck of the feeding bottle, whilst the smaller
ring is attached to the external or internal circumference of the larger ring in a
vertical plane thereto. Through the smaller ring is passed a piece of ribbon, tape,
elastic, or other material for fastening the feeding bottle to the chest or side of the
child when sucking. By this means the feeding bottle is kept in one position and
a continuous or uninterrupted supply of milk ensured until the bottle is exhausted.
AN IMPROVED DREDGER OR CASTER FOR TABLE AND OTHER USE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commnissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Auguste Charles Dominique Pochez, fils, of Saint
Amand, Les Eaux (Nord), France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED DREDGER OR CASTER FOR TABLE AND
OTHER USE." [A communication from abroad by Auguste Charles Dominique
Pochez, fils, of Saint Amand, Les Eaux (Nord), France.]
This Invention relates to an improved dredger or caster for holding and
distributing salt, pepper, sugar, sand, and other powdered substances generally,
as well as liquids.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood, I will proceed to
describe it with reference to the accompanying Drawing, which represents a vertical
section of one form of dredger or caster. It consists of a metal, glass, or other
receptacle A of globular, ovoid, or other form, having a filling aperture at one side
closed by a door B, and provided with a pedestal or foot surrounding an opening in
the bottom of the receptacle A forming the seat for a conical valve C fixed on a
stem D and opening downwards. This stem D slides in a tubular guide F, and
rises through a small casing or neck fixed at the top of the receptacle A, from which
its upper end projects and terminates in a knob P that is pressed upon in order to
open the valve. Upon the stem D are fixed three small discs g, h, i, of which the
upper one i is pressed upwards by a spiral spring R upon the stem D, confined
between m and i, the spring thus drawing the valve C up into its seat. The disc g
comes down upon and closes the valve aperture when the valve is opened to prevent
the continuous or excessive discharge of the contents of vessel A. The height at
which the disc is fixed above the valve may be varied to regulate the quantity
discharged each time the valve is opened. By opening the valve repeatedly any
desired quantity may be obtained. The valve opening being circular, the contents
are discharged in that form, but if it be desired to deposit them in one spot an
inverted cone n, o, is fixed beneath the valve, the contents being then deposited
from the opening o in a small heap.
MENTS IN TAPS FOR LIQUIDS, AND IN STOPPERING BOTTLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Rodgers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1880.
MAURICE RODGERS of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engraver.
MENTS IN TAPS FOR LIQUIDS, AND IN STOPPERING BOTTLES.”
" IMPROVE-
My Invention relates, in the first place, to the construction of a tap for liquids, of
a very simple character, and which may be described as follows:-The tap made
according to my Invention consists of the portion which is to be inserted into the
cask or vessel containing the liquid, and which may be constructed in any suitable
manner, the projecting part being of a tubular shape, and either parallel or tapered
and closed at the front end; a hole for the escape of the liquid is made at some
short distance from the closed end, and an outer tube, having by preference a lining
of cork, or other suitable material, but without such lining if desirable, is made to
fit and slide over the projecting part, so as to cover or uncover the before-
mentioned hole, and thus allow or stop the escape of the fluid.
My Invention, in the second place, has reference to the stoppering of bottles, and is
particularly applicable to bottles containing effervescing liquids, such as champagne
or mineral waters, as any desired quantity of the contents may be withdrawn with
facility. In carrying out this part of my Invention I construct the neck of the
bottle in a somewhat similar manner to the projecting part of the tap before
described, by closing up the usual opening at the top of the neck, and by making
an opening or outlet in the side of the neck, which I also make parallel or slightly
tapered. A sliding tube of any suitable material similar to that mentioned in
the description of the tap slides over the neck of the bottle and covers or uncovers
the hole or outlet.
If desirable, the above described Invention may be made entirely of metal and
attached to the neck of the bottle, which may be of glass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SALT CAKE PANS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hawke Dennis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1880.
JAMES HAWKE DENNIS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SALT CAKE PANS."
Salt cake, otherwise sulphate of soda pans, as heretofore made and used have
been liable to sudden cracking or opening. As a result heavy cost has been entailed
for new pans and loss of acid and salt has often been considerable.
Now the object of my Invention is to provide a pan which will last longer in
use and have the further advantages:-(1) That should one or two parts crack
or open the contents will not escape; and (2) it will be possible to fill up a crack or
cracks and to continue in use the mended pan.
For these purposes I make each pan of three thicknesses of metal, in the lower
part the intermediate metal not subjected to the direct action of the heat nor to
the direct action of the acid, being of high tensile strength and unlikely to fracture.
Cast iron outside and inside with a sheet of copper between would answer well
but it will be obvious steel and other metals may be used. To mitigate the effects
of unequal expansion and contraction of the metals under heat, I sometimes place
a thinlayer of asb estos or of a fluxing cement between the plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE VENTILATION OF SEWERS AND DRAINS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scarisbrick Walker, Thomas
Ascroft Walker, and Edwin Robert Walker at the Office of the Com-.
missioners of Patents on the 29th September 1880.
JOHN SCARISBRICK WALKER, THOMAS ASCROFT WALKER, and EDWIN ROBERT
WALKER, all of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE VENTILATION OF SEWERS AND
DRAINS."
This Invention is designed to improve the drainage of cities and towns, by
thoroughly ventilating the sewers, so that the sewer gas shall not be permitted to
accumulate and rise up into the streets and houses.
It consists broadly in adapting the system of ventilation used in coal mines to
sewers, and so thoroughly diluting the gases with air as to make them innocuous
and imperceptible, At one or more convenient points on the main sewer we place
a large and powerful mining fan to draw off the gas and air, and arrange at various
points along the drains (or sewers) openings, regulated at pleasure, so as to admit
air as required. We also provide air traps at intervals, so that, if desirable, the
current can be caused to traverse any one portion of the sewerage system instead of
the entire system at one time. The person in charge can then by regulating these
adjustable traps ventilate each portion of the system in succession, and a powerful
current of air is caused to traverse every portion of the sewerage at intervals or
constantly.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular form of fan (though we prefer the
Guibal fan with our patent improvements for this purpose), as any mechanism for
cheaply drawing out vast quantities of air will suffice.
The main points in our Invention are, first, that we dilute the sewage gas with
a large current of pure air; second, that we introduce that pure air at different
points through regulated openings, and thus have complete control of the
admission; third, that we have air valves regulated at pleasure to change the
current when desirable; and fourth, that we use a powerful fan to exhaust, and
thus draw out an enormous quantity of air at a cheap rate.
As regards minor details. In some cases it may be found desirable to disinfect
the air. This can be done by passing the air through disinfectants, or by mixing
Din 077

page_text: it with suitable gases in the fan and chimney or shaft carrying the air from the
fan into the higher atmosphere. Again it may often be found desirable to draw
from an air main which is connected with the various main sewers and regulate
the admission into this air main at each point, instead of drawing direct from the
sewer.
A high chimney to carry off the air as it escapes from the fan is desirable but
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ENDORSING OR MARKING CHEQUES AND OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Woodville Pearson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1880.
WILLIAM WOODVILLE PEARSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ENDORSING OR MARKING CHEQUES
AND OTHER PAPERS."
My Invention relates principally to apparatus for endorsing or marking cheques
or bills.
In order to check fraudulent alteration of cheques they are often endorsed
or stamped with words or marks indicating an amount within which the amount
represented by the cheque will fall. Ink has hitherto been used in producing these
marks, and it is possible to discharge the ink. To render alteration of the endorse-
ment more difficult I produce the marking by perforating or puncturing the paper.
In the apparatus which I propose to use for the purpose, punches or pins are fixed
in the peripheries of wheels which are mounted upon an axis which can be depressed
by means of a lever or by other suitable means, the said punches or pins being
arranged in sets, each of which will represent a numeral or numerical mark.
Punches or pins are also arranged to represent the words "under" and "pounds"
or other words which may be selected, or these words may be perforated by a
separate apparatus. The said wheels or some of them may also be fitted to mark a
line or device which cannot be altered into a numeral indication of amount in order
to fill the spaces when small amounts are marked. When a cheque or bill is to be
endorsed, the punch wheels, or one or more of the said wheels, is or are rotated until
the required set of punches faces the bed. This adjustment may be effected in
several ways. I prefer to connect the wheels with actuating wheels, discs, or parts
which bear indications corresponding to the marks represented on the said wheels.
Each actuating wheel presents at an opening an indication of the mark represented
by the set of punches which at the time faces the bed. The said bed may be faced
with vulcanized caoutchouc, or with wood, leather, soft metal, or other material or
substance which will not damage the punches, or I may arrange revolvable or
changing dies which are changed and adjusted to suit the punches, or I may employ
a fixed perforated bed plate. The arrangement may be varied by disposing the
punches or perforating pins in the bed of the machine, that is to say, below the
paper to be perforated, or by arranging punches to slide in plates or frames and
acting on them by revolvable or changeable parts of forms suitable to produce the
required marks. The apparatus or modifications of it may also be used in the
perforating or puncturing of marks or designs upon papers or documents other than
cheques or bills.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPLIANCE FOR VENTILATING ROOMS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR VENTILATING CERTAIN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eliza Priestley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1880.
ELIZA PRIESTLEY, of 5, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPLIANCE FOR VENTILATING ROOMS, APPLICABLE
ALSO FOR VENTILATING CERTAIN PUBLIC BUILDINGS."
According to this Invention I fit a kind of casement against the inside, and
extending about half way up the window of a room, for example. The said
casement is constructed with only three sides, and without a top, that part which
comes against the window being the open part. I make the casement with glass
doors or otherwise, so that it can be opened for the purpose of getting at the
window, and the bottom part may be made to hold flowers or fish. The action is
as follows:-
The window being opened at the bottom, the air enters at the aforesaid casement,
and from thence enters the room from the top of the said casement, thus continually
carrying fresh air into the apartment.
The light is in no way obstructed, the casement being made chiefly of glass, and
has the appearance of a fernery or aquarium.
IMPROVED BUFFING APPARATUS FOR ARRESTING CAGES AT THE BOTTOM OF MINE SHAFTS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO HOISTS AND LIFTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles I'Anson, James l'Anson, and
Thomas Hudson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th
September 1880.
CHARLES I'ANSON, JAMES I'ANSON, and THOMAS HUDSON, all of Darlington, in
the County of Durham. IMPROVED BUFFING APPARATUS FOR ARRESTING
CAGES AT THE BOTTOM OF MINE SHAFTS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO HOISTS AND
LIFTS."
The object of this Invention is to prevent the excessive concussion which usually
takes place when the cages in mino shafts, hoists, &c., reach the lower part of their
travel. To accomplish this object one or more cylinders fitted with pistons are fixed
at or near the bottom of the shaft or hoist in such a position that the descending
cage comes in contact with or acts upon the piston rod or ram, or a plate, beam,
or other contrivance in connection therewith, in such manner as to force the said
piston or ram inwards, and thereby compress the air contained in the cylinder,
which forms an elastic cushion or buffer, whereby the cage is arrested gradually
and excessive concussion prevented. Proper valves are provided for the admission
and exit of air into and from the cylinders, and are so arranged that the amount of
compression of the air can be regulated and adapted to the special requirements
of the place, so as to form a cushion or buffer of any strength that may be desired.
The several pistons or rams are so connected or combined that when those
appropriated to one cage are inwards the others are outwards, so as to be in
position to receive the next descending cage, and this result may be produced
either by connecting the rams by chains or other appliances, or by connecting the
cylinders so that the air may pass from one to the other.
AN IMPROVED WRITING INSTRUMENT
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Nadal at the Office of the
· Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1880.
JEAN NADAL, of Southampton Row, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED WRITING INSTRUMENT."
My Invention relates to an improved reservoir stylographic writing instrument
which will form a very efficient pen, whose holder is capable of containing a
considerable quantity of ink, and which when filled with ink may be very con-
veniently carried in the pocket, and will always be ready for use.
This pen has a tubular holder, whose interior forms a cylindrical reservoir, and
is preferably formed of non-corrosive material.
The external shape of the lower part of the tube or holder is conical, and is
perforated with a small hole, and a small wire-rod is fitted to work freely through
the same.
This wire rod passes through the entire length of the instrument, and
projects slightly through the conical point, where it is tipped with iridium or other
suitable material. At the upper end of the pen the said rod projects in the shape
of a small knob, and by this knob the rod can be easily moved up and down to
prevent the stoppage of the ink at the writing-point, thus providing very convenient
means for keeping the pen always free from obstruction.
The upper end of the said instrument is provided with a stopper screwed on or
otherwise secured in or upon the holder of the instrument.
This stopper has to be removed when the pen is to be filled with ink.
The said stopper is formed of two parts, one screwed on the other, so as to form
a chamber therein. The part of the small rod which passes through the chamber
has on it a small washer or collar, which is kept against the bottom of the said
chamber by a light spiral spring. The said washer forms a valve, which prevents
communication of the air with the reservoir containing the ink, so that the liquid
cannot then flow from the point of the pen, but as soon as the lower end of the
small wire-rod is in contact with the paper it raises the said washer, which then
allows the air to pass and act on the fluid, thereby causing the latter to flow out
of the point of the pen as the samo is moved over the paper in writing. The
endwise movement of the small wire rod through the writing-point ensures the
proper distribution of the ink. It will be obvious that by having the spring
enclosed within the chamber of the stopper, and protected by the washer or valve

page_text: on the rod, it will be kept from contact with the ink, and will therefore not be
subject to corrosion.
In some instances I may secure to the said stopper a tube, which extends
through the reservoir of ink, and is traversed by the aforesaid small wire-rod. By
employing this tube the atmospheric pressure will be caused to act only at the
lower part of the liquid, and the too rapid flowing of the ink will be prevented,
but I do not consider this internal tube to be of very great importance.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR TEMPORARILY OR PERMANENTLY BINDING OR HOLDING TOGETHER LETTERS, BILLS, MANUSCRIPTS, PAMPHLETS, AND OTHER PAPERS, ALSO VERY SUITABLE FOR RETAINING PATTERNS OF CALICO AND OTHER FABRICS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Birbeck and John Ezra
Miller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June
1880.
THOMAS BIRBECK, Builder, and JOHN EZRA MILLER, Architect, both of
Sunderland, in the County of Durham. AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR TEMPORARILY
OR PERMANENTLY BINDING OR HOLDING TOGETHER LETTERS, BILLS, MANUSCRIPTS,
PAMPHLETS, AND OTHER PAPERS, ALSO VERY SUITABLE FOR RETAINING PATTERNS
OF CALICO AND OTHER FABRICS."
The object of our said Invention is to provide a simple and efficient file for
commercial purposes.
Our Invention when carried out consists of the usual base board of wood, mill-
board, or any suitable material; near the upper edge and upon opposite sides of the
same are fixed two standards, one being notched or stepped, and the other cut with
a screw thread, the latter provided with a thumb screw. The screwed upright
receives below the said thumb screw the eye end of a cross bar or rod of hard drawn
wire suitably bent or fashioned into a curl or other suitable design, so as to exert
an elastic force or pressure when brought down over any papers that may be placed
upon the base board of the improved bill file. Upon pushing the free end of the
said cross bar into any one of the lower notches in the opposite standard, the
papers would be retained in their places without injury until released from the
pressure of the cross rod for the purpose of removing or replacing a bill paper or
pattern.
The pressure exerted upon the contents of the file is regulated by the aforesaid
thumb screw and notched standards, thus the file may accommodate itself to any
number of papers or bulk of patterns.
Our improved bill file may be provided with the usual limp cover to protect the
contents from dust; as a further convenience, several leaves or partitions may be
introduced between the said cover and the base-board, so that the papers filed may
be arranged alphabetically or in due order as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR TILTING BARRELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Horner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1880.
WALTER HORNER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR TILTING BARRELS."
This Invention relates to the form of barrel tilter for which Letters Patent were
granted to John Cooper, of Stockport, dated November 1, 1875, No. 3788, and the
objects of my Invention are two fold; first, to prevent the possibility of winding
up the spring too far; and, secondly, to prevent the possibility of turning the
spring in the wrong direction.
The spring is wound up by means of a toothed wheel and pinion, and I prolong
the axis of either the toothed wheel or the pinion (the latter by preference), and I
cut or form a worm or screw upon this prolongation, which worm or screw works
through a nut.
The nut is prevented from turning by means of a guide or slide in which it fits,
and the length of the screwed projection, and of the guide or slide, is such that by
the time the spring is fully wound up the nut is moved along the screw to the
further end of the slide, and the handle can be turned no further.
On the other hand before the spring is wound up at all the nut is against the
other end of the guide or slide, and hence the handle cannot be turned in the
wrong direction.
The screw is provided with a hole, into which a pin can be inserted so as to act
as a stop to the nut when smaller sized barrels are to be tilted.
In some cases I propose to make the boss of the pinion act as a nut, and to have
a loose screwed axle working through it.
A head at each end of the axle forms the stop, and a hole and pin is provided as
before for smaller sized barrels.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS, NOTICES, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1880. A communication
from Monsieur François Griot, of 34, Rue de Genève, Paris, in the Republic
of France.
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in tho
Republic of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer
and Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING
ADVERTISEMENTS, NOTICES, AND THE LIKE." [A communication from Monsieur
François Griot, of 34, Rue de Genève, Paris, in the Republic of France.]
י
The Invention communicated to me relates to the construction of an improved
portable apparatus for exhibiting advertisements, notices, and the like.
The improved apparatus consists of a box, case, or lantern with opaque or
transparent sides, which serve to receive advertisements, notices, or the like, which it
is desired to exhibit; the case or lantern is provided with two vertical supports
which rest on the shoulders of the person who is to carry the apparatus; one or two
breastplates are provided for holding the supports in position, and suitable rigid or
flexible braces connected to one or more belts of metal or flexible material, whereby
the apparatus is secured and held in a vertical position above the head of the
person while walking.
BREATHING TUBES FOR THE USE OF MEN IN MINES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1880.
THOMAS HARRISON, of Sedbergh, in the County of York.
BREATHING TUBES FOR THE USE OF MEN IN MINES."
"REFUGE ROOMS AND
My Invention is intended for saving the lives of men in mines in case of
explosions, fires, or floods, and consists in making refuge rooms of boiler plate or
other material, these rooms being provided with air pumps, one pump to supply
the room with air through a tube laid under the floor of the mine (to keep the
tube from being injured) and connected to an air shaft, or to a special bore hole
from the surface; the foul air is exhausted by a second air pump placed in the
room, and the foul air is thrown outside, and prevented from returning by a stop
valve; or the rooms may be supplied with fresh air from pumps or air compressors
above ground. I fit these rooms with double doors, the inner door being provided
with india rubber or other material to make an air tight joint.
The second part of my Invention consists in laying tubes fitted with breathing
taps to different parts of the mines, the said tubes being connected to the refuge
or otherwise supplied with fresh air, the breathing taps being provided with
covers (which may be easily removed) to keep them clean.
room,
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRIVING VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER MACHINES WORKED BY TREADLES OR HAND LEVERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Owen Jones and William Owen
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October
1880.
OWEN JONES and WILLIAM OWEN WILLIAMS, both of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRIVING VELOCIPEDES AND
OTHER MACHINES WORKED BY TREADLES OR HAND LEVERS."
Our Invention consists in making the first motion wheel larger than the wheel
on the axle of the travelling wheels of velocipedes, so that the wheels of the
velocipede make more revolutions than the first motion wheel, and also in the
manner of driving the first motion wheel. We use a light frame supported on the
axle of the large travelling wheels on which are bearings for the first motion
wheel; to either end of the first motion shaft we attach a crank or arm, and to
each crank we connect one end of a treadle, the other ends of the treadles being
connected to sliding blocks working in bearings on the frame above mentioned.
The cranks may be connected to hand levers instead of treadles to drive the
machine, the improved sliding bearing being used in either case.
Our improvements in driving the first motion shaft are applicable to any
machines driven by treadles or hand levers. By means of our improvements the
machine may easily be driven at a high speed with little exertion to the driver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith Scarborough and
Joseph Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th
November 1880.
THOMAS SMITH SCARBOROUGH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
and JOSEPH MOORE, of the same Place, Foreman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
The object of this Invention is to entirely supersede the ordinary mode of
picking, that is to say, in our improved method we dispense with the ordinary
picker spindle, picking strap, shaft stick, check strap, and picking tappets, which
have been considered objectionable for many reasons, and attempts have been
made to supersede them.
We accomplish our object in the following manner:- -We construct an iron
picking box, which we use instead of the ordinary picker, packed with size to form
a butt for the shuttle. This picking box is worked on a slide top and bottom of
the going part of the loom. To one side of this picking box we attach a chain band,
passing over a pulley fixed into the end of the shuttle box down to a lever, which
is centred upon a stud, as fulcrum, fixed to the end of the loom, the lever continues
past the stud and is actuated by a tappet on the low shaft. To the opposite side
of the picking box we attach an elastic band or spiral spring attached to the centre
of the going part, the tension of which can be regulated by thumb screw. When
the spiral spring or elastic band is at ease the shuttle has been driven across;
when put in tension by the tappet, through the intervention of lever and chain
band, the picker is in position to drive the shuttle across. The parts are the same
on the other side of the loom for driving the shuttle in the contrary direction. The
advantages of this mode of picking are as follows:-Less power to drive the loom,
less wear and tear, a steadier motion, because more constant, and a freedom from
grease spots on the pieces from the entire removal of the portions of the loom
herein enumerated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNITURE CASTORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Bakewell and John
Stirrup at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February
1880.
THEOPHILUS BAKEWELL and JOHN STIRRUP, both of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Brassfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNITURE CASTORS."
This Invention consists in an improved form of peg, by which the horizontal
rotation of the castor is smooth and free, and also in arranging the horns of the
castor so that the axis of the bowl is only just sufficiently out of the vertical centre
of the peg to allow of the bowl and horns, with the peg socket, revolving freely on
the peg. With this view the peg is formed at its lower end with an annular
groove, and when inserted into the peg socket a screw or rivet is passed through
the peg socket and into this annular groove in the peg, by which the peg is
prevented escaping from its socket, whilst the socket with the horns and bowl can
freely rotate upon the peg.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS TO THEIR SPINDLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ferrer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1880.
HENRY FERRER, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester, Iron Bedstead
Maker. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR AND OTHER
KNOBS TO THEIR SPINDLES."
My Invention has reference to such door and other knobs as are attached to their
spindles by an axial fixing screw passed from the front of the knob into a screw
box in the axis of the square spindle; and my said Invention consists in making
the screw box of the spindle in the manner herein after described, whereby great
simplicity in the formation of the screw box is effected, and hence the cost of the
manufacture of the spindle is reduced. My Invention is specially applicable to
door and other knob spindles of small diameter. In such spindles there is con-
siderable difficulty in forming the ordinary screw box in which the fixing screw
works, and the object of my Invention is to obviate this difficulty, and to form the
screw box in a simple and inexpensive manner.
In the end of the square spindle on which the knob is to be fixed I make a
longitudinal slot, the said slot passing completely through the spindle. The said
slot is made about three quarters of an inch long, but may be longer or shorter to
suit the adjustment of the moveable knob to the thickness of the door. The
slotting of the spindle is effected by preference by the use of a slotting machine.
The said slot extends nearly to the end of the spindle, leaving between the end of
the spindle and the outer end of the slot a bridge or uncut away part.
drilled through the said bridge or uncut away part in the line of the axis of the
spindle, the said hole opening into the slot described in the spindle. This hole is
tapped or screwed internally with a concave screw so as to convert it into a short
screw box. The formation of this short screw box is readily effected, and the
inconveniences attending the formation of the ordinary long screw box are
obviated.
A hole is
In the said short screw box the fixing screw of the knob is screwed, the end of
the said screw passing more or less onto the slot in the spindle, according to the
degree of adjustment required to fit the knob to the thickness of the door.
In attaching the knob to its spindle, the spindle is passed through the door and
the knob placed by a sliding motion onto the protruding end of the spindle, the

page_text: screw box at the end of the spindle coming opposite a hole made in the front of the
knob. A headed screw pin is passed through the hole in the front of the knob, and
is made to screw into the short screw box in the spindle so as to fix the knob to the
spindle, the said screw pin being driven home until its head passes into a
depression made around the hole in the front of the knob. By withdrawing the 5
screw pin the knob is unfastened, and may be removed from the spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEATS OF BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Woolley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1880.
WILLIAM WOOLLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Saddler.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEATS OF BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
My Invention consists of the construction and arrangement herein after described
of the parts of an elastic or yielding seat for bicycles, tricycles, and other
velocipedes; the object of my said Invention being so to construct the seat as to
reduce to a minimum the discomfort to the rider which attends the use of seats of
the ordinary kind.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a seat for a bicycle.
I apply to the underside of the seat a strong nearly horizontal steel spring, the
said spring having a length somewhat less than that of the seat. The fore end of
the said spring is connected to the front part of the seat by one or two screw pins
and nuts. The other or rear end of the spring is unconnected with the seat, the
free or unconnected end being situated about two inches below the underside of
the rear end of the seat; to the said rear end of the horizontal spring described, a
two arm supplementary steel spring is connected, the said supplementary spring
extending upwards, and its arms bearing against the under side of the rear of the
seat, but being unconnected therewith. The said supplementary spring has nearly
the shape of the letter V. The ends of the arms of the said supplementary spring
are turned into a nearly horizontal plane and take a bearing against the underside
of the seat; or each of the sides of the spring may be curved into a figure
somewhat resembling the letter S.
When pressure is put upon the seat the principal spring is flattened and the arms
of the supplementary spring separate from one another or contract, the tendency of
the two springs to resume their normal figures giving to the seat great elasticity
or power of yielding to accommodate itself to the varying pressure of the rider
upon different parts of the seat. For example, should the rider incline backwards
upon his seat, so as to throw greater pressure upon the supplementary spring, the
arms of the latter separate to a greater extent or are compressed, and when the
body of the rider resumes its normal position on the seat the said arms of the
spring close upon one another or expand. The seat is connected to the "backbone" of
the bicycle by means of the principal or horizontal spring, the said spring being
clamped near its middle to the said "backbone" of the bicycle. The application of
my Invention to the seats of tricycles and other velocipedes differs in no essential
respects from its application to a bicycle seat herein described.