Improvements in Spring Balances or Weighing Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Feb., 1890-Accepted, 5th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spring Balances or Weighing Apparatus.
Communicated to me from abroad by GEORGE DOLOR DAVIS, of 12, Pearl Street,
Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America,
Engineer.
I, ADOLPH RIEKMANN of 59 Knightrider Street in the City of London, Merchant
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to weighing apparatus or spring balances, firstly the object
of the invention being to simplify the construction of the apparatus so that it may სა
made at moderate expense and also to provide means for changing the position of the
weight indicator or pointer so that several different weights may be successively
added to the scale-pan or receiver, and each weight indicated independently of the
amount already in the receiver without computation of any kind on the part of the
person using the apparatus.
The scale-pan or weight receiver is supported on a frame that is itself supported on
a spring and connected with a rack that engages a pinion on an arbor, that carries the
pointer that co-operates with the indicating dial of the apparatus.
The said pointer is frictionally connected with its arbor, and a locking device is
provided for the arbor so that it may be locked and the pointer turned to any require
position, as for example to the zero point on the dial
Then if, for example, different amounts of several different ingredients are to 'e
weighed out into one receptacle, the receptacle may be first placed on the scale-pin
and its weight will cause the pointer to be moved and when the spring has come to
rest the pointer arbor may be locked and the pointer turned back to the zero point
and the pointer arbor then placed so that the realing of the pointer will then
correspond to the weight of the articles placed in the receptacle and no
computation will be necessary as is the case in instiuinents of this kind as usually
constructed.
After the required weight of one article has been weighed out, the pointer arbor
may again be locked, the pointer again turned to the zero position and its arbor
again released, when the scale will be ready to indicate the weight of the material
next added, just as if there were no other weights applied to the scale-pan, and such
operation may be repeated up to the full capacity of the scale, and by turning the
pointer back to the zero point after the last article has been weighed, the backward
movement of the pointer that takes place when the weight is removed from its
receiver will indicate the sum of all the weights that have been placed on the
receiver.
The operative parts of the scale are enclosed in a case or shell provided with a
suitable graduated dial, but the parts are all connected with and supported on frame
work that is independent of the said case or shell, so that the parts may be put
together and tested before being enclosed in the said shell, and the frame and
operative parts may be removed from the said case or shell and replaced by others if
desired
The said frame that supports the operative parts has a general shape like the
letter U, consisting of two uprights connected at their lower end by a horizontal
portion.
Upon the one upright are pivoted two levers each of which is branched on forked,
nd receives within its two branches the weight supporting standard, which is itself
made as an open or inverted U-shaped frame.
The said standard is thus guided and retained in vertical position in its up and

page_text: down movement of the levers, and it has supported upon it a post provided with a
scale-pan or receiver which may be of any suitable or usual size and shape.
A stop upon the frame limits the upward movement of the weight supporting
frame, the lower end of which is notched and rests upon the extremities of a yoke or
cross-piece which engages three or four turns near the lower end of the coiled spring
that supports the weight and balances the same by its elastic force, and by its
elongation affords a means for measurement of the amount of the weight as is usual in
spring balances.
The upper end of the said spring is supported on an upright or stout rod itself
secured in the horizontal base portion of the frame, and made adjustable therein by
a screw thread, being fastened when at the proper height by a nut.
The said upright passes through the coil of the spring which rests on a top piece,
that is swiveled on the upright so that the latter may be turned for the purpose of
adjusting the tension of the spring without twisting the said spring.
In order to provide means for readily indicating the elongation of the spring, and
thus indicating the amount of weight applied to the receiver, the lever is extended
beyond its pivotal connections with the frame, and is pivotally connected with a rack,
or toothed bar that meshes with a pinion on an arbor having a bearing in the front
upright of the main frame
The said rack is guided and restrained in engagement with the pinion by a guide
that embraces it at a point opposite the pinion.
The said arbor has frictionally connected with it a pointer which thus accompanies
the arbor in its rotary movement except when positively turned upon said arbor.
The outer end of the arbor is screw threaded and has a conical or tapering sleeve
screwed tightly upon it.
The pointer is connected with a hub having a tapering socket that fits upon the
sleeve against which the hub is pressed by a spring contained in a recess in its
outer end and bearing against the head of a screw, which is hollow and has an
internal thread that screws upon the threaded portion of the arbor.
The hub is milled so that it can be readily taken hold of by the fingers and
turned.
The pointer may be readily set at the zero position on the dial whatever may
be the position of the weight receiver, and in order to prevent disturbance of the
condition of the equilibrium of the spring when the pointer is thus being turned,
a locking device or clamp for the pointer arbor is provided, say as a lever,
fulcrumed on the upright of the frame and having one arm provided with a face
or Jaw that may engage the end of the pinion tightly clamping the same against
the face of the upright or of the guide piece connected therewith.
The other end of the lever is acted upon by an operating device say as a screw
working in a threaded socket, in the upright and having a milled head which
extends out through the case.
If it is required to weigh a definite amount of different articles or ingredients
into one receptacle, as for example to weigh successively a portion of flour, then
of butter, and then of sugar, into a plate o bowl, the said receptacle may first be
placed on the scale-pan and without necessity of observing its weight at all, the
pointer arbo may be clamped, and the pointer turned to the zero position
Then the desired amount of the first article, for example, one pound of flour, may
be weighed, the pointer indicating the actual weight of the said article, as if no
receptacle were supported on the weighing apparatus. The pointer arbor may then
again be clamped, the pointer turned back to zero, and the desired weight of the next
article added, the pointer again indicating the exact weight and so on, until the
maximum capacity of the weighing apparatus is reached.
In this way the confusion and mistakes are avoided which frequently arise when
weighing apparatus having a movable indicator is used in the ordinary manner, as in
the use of such apparatus as commonly made, the weight of the receptacle which
might be any amount, not necessary even units, as for example one pound, thirteen
ounces, will fist have to be observed and then added to the weight required for the

page_text: first material in order to find the point to be indicated when the required amount of
the first material is added after which another addition would have to be made to find
the reading for the next material, and so on
By making the framework that supports the operative parts independent of the
outer shell or case, as previously described, scales of different capacity may be easily
used having cases of the same size.
It may, however, be desirable with a scale of large capacity to make the dial of
larger diameter than for a scale of smaller capacity.
The shell is mainly cylindrical in shape and has a lateral cylindrical projection
which receives the dial This lateral projection is of the same diameter as the
main upright cylinder and is of sufficient size for the dials of scales of smaller
capacity which dials may be fitted directly upon the said projection
For a scale of larger capacity the said lateral projection is provided with an
enlarging ring upon which the dial is secured thus making said dial of larger
diameter than the main cylinder.
The said dial may be made of sheet metal having a flange turned up around its
end, which flange engages the ring, said flange and ring being both secured upon
the cylindrical projection by two or inore screws
The cylindrical body of the case has an enlarged base or foot, which may be of
ornamental design, and a cap piece which may also be of ornamental design, and
has an opening through which the post passes.
The frame that supports the operative parts of the apparatus, is inserted through
the lower end of the shell the pan, and pointer and screw being then removed
and is fastened in the said shell by screws.
Secondly in cases where some of the functions designed to be performed by the
preceding arrangement are not required to be utilised the object of a modification
of my invention 18, by a simplified construction, to produce a spring balance of
simple and inexpensive construction, which is very durable and accurate.
The said modification of the invention may be embodied in an apparatus of that
kind in which the scale-pan or receiver is supported on a spring, the elastic force
of which counter-balances the weight, and the amount of depression of the weight
receiver in opposition to the elastic force of the spring, affords a measure for the
weight, which is indicated by a revolving pointer, and co-operating dial, the said
pointer being turned in proportion to the depression of the weight receiver and
elongation of the counter-balancing spring through the intervention of a rack and
pinion.
The invention consists mainly in the devices for supporting and guiding the
said main operative parts, and for enclosing and protecting the same from being
tampered with and from being affected by dust or other extraneous matter.
The scale-pan or receiver which may be of any suitable or usual size or shape,
is provided with a tubular shank or stem, that fits upon a neck, upon the stan-
dard or support, that sustains the scale-pan and weight thereon, and is itself
supported on the counter-balancing spring, the lower end of which is connected
with a lateral arm or projection at the lower end of said standard
The tubular stem or neck, has a notch, that engages a projection on the standard
to retain the scale-pan in proper position on said standard.
The parts above mentioned are supported and guided on a frame having two vertical
members, connected at the top by a transverse portion, conveniently curved or arch
shaped, and preferably also connected at their lower end by a transverse portion,
thus making an open frame that receives the main portion of the upright and the
spring within it.
The upper end of the said spring is fastened to the upper transverse member of the
frame by a hook which may have a threaded shank working in said frame so as to
provide for adjustment.
The weight supporting standard is guided in its vertical movement by levers,
which are forked so as to receive a portion of the frame, and the standard between
their forked ends,

page_text: They thus guide the standard and retain it in vertical position as it moves up and
down, while affording extremely small frictional resistance to such movement.
The upper member of the frame is off-set and has a recess opposite said off-set that
receives the standard which is itself recessed thus producing stop shoulders which by
their engagement with the frame, limit the movement of said standard in both
directions and thus prevent overstraining of the spring.
The amount of downward movement of the receiver which takes place when a
weight is applied to it, and brought into equilibrium by the opposing force of the
spring affords the measure for the amount of said weight, and in order to indicate it
readily, the lever is extended beyond its point of connection with the standard and is
pivotally connected with one end of a rack or toothed bar meshing with a pinion on
an arbor having a hearing in the front portion of the frame through which it extends
being provided at the outside of said frame with a pointer that co-operates with a
suitable graduated dial.
The upper portion of the frame is recessed to permit the movement of the rack
which is guided and retained in engagement with the pinion by a guide connected
with the front member of the frame.
The operative parts with the exception of the dial are thus all connected with the
frame which supports and retains the said parts in the proper position with relation to
one another during the weighing operation.
In order to protect the said operative parts and to provide a suitable finish for the
entire apparatus, the said frame is enclosed in a cylindrical case or shell provided at
its outside and above the lower end of the cylindrical portion with a widened base or
projecting flange, and terminating at the top in a head or end piece having an opening
of sufficient size to permit the free movement of the scale-pan.
The said shell is also provided with a lateral cylindrical extension, of the same
diameter as the said upright cylinder upon which the dial is supported, said dial
being preferably composed of thin sheet metal having graduations marked or engraved
thereon and having a flange, which fits over the tubular projection.
A cross-bar or bridge extends across the cylindrical extension, and co-operates
with the front portion of the frame in forming a guide or bearing for the pointer
arbor.
The entire frame with the operative parts connected with it is inserted through the
lower end of the cylindrical shell, the pointer then being removed, and the pointer
arbor slipped back, and the scale-pan also being removed from the upper end of the
standard and the said frame is then fastened securely in proper position in the shell by
means of screws.
The pointer arbor is then pushed forward through an opening or bearing in the
bridge, the dial is then applied, and the pointer fastened upon the end of the pointer
arbor by a nut.
A cap is then applied to the lower end of the cylinder or shell within the base, thus
tightly closing the said shell at its lower end.
This cap is of the same size and may be of the same material as the dial, as the
lower end of the cylinder is of the same size as the end of the lateral projection, and
the same dies may be employed to shape and flange the covers that are employed to
make the dial.
A weighing apparatus of this kind is extremely simple, inexpensive, durable, and
reliable for the less complicated manipulations to be performed by it, and the enclosing
case or shell of the construction described affords a perfect protection for the enclosed
parts and also makes the entire apparatus of neat appearance.
Dated the 3rd day of May 1880
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spring Balances or Weighing Apparatus.
Communicated to me from abroad by GEORGE DOLOR DAVIS, of 12, Pearl Street,
Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America,
Engineer.
I ADOLPH RIEKMANN of 59 Knightrider Street in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
-
My invention relates to weighing apparatus or spring balances, firstly the object of
the invention being to simplify the construction of the apparatus so that it may be
made at moderate expense and also to provide means for changing the position of the
weight indicator or pointer so that several different weights may be successively
added to the scale-pan or receiver, and each weight indicated independently of the
amount already in the receiver without computation of any kind on the part of the
person using the apparatus
The scale-pan or weight receiver is supported on a frame that is itself supported
on a spring and connected with a rack that engages a pinion on an arbor, that carries
the pointer that cooperates with the indicating dial of the apparatus.
The said pointer is trictionally connected with its arbor and a locking device is
provided for the arbor so that it may be locked and the pointer turned to any required
position, as for example to the zero point on the dial.
Then if, for example, different amounts of several different ingredients are to be
weighed out into one receptacle, the receptacle may be first placed on the scale pan
and its weight will cause the pointer to be moved and when the spring has come
to rest the pointer arbor may be locked and the pointer turned back to the zero
point and the pointer arbor then placed so that the reading of the pointer will then
correspond to the weight of the articles placed in the receptacle and no computation
will be necessary as is the case in instruments of this kind as usually constructed.
After the required weight of one article has been weighed out, the pointer arbor
may again be locked, the pointer again turned to the zero position and its arbor again
released, when the scale will be ready to indicate the weight of the material next
added, just as if there were no other weights applied to the scale-pan and such operation
may be repeated up to the full capacity of the scale, and by turning the pointer back
to the zero point after the last article has been weighed, the backward movement of
the pointer that takes place when the weight is removed from its receiver will indicate
the sum of all the weights that have been placed on the receiver.
Fig 1 is a front elevation of a weighing apparatus embodying this invention
Fig 2 a front elevation of the operative parts removed from the enclosing case.
Fig. 3 a side elevation of the operative parts.
Fig 4 an enlarged sectional detail on line x, Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 a sectional detail on line y, Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 a sectional detail on line z, Fig. 1.
The operative parts of the scale are enclosed in a case or shell a provided with a
suitable graduated dial a', but the parts are all connected with and supported on
frame-work that is independent of the said case or shell a, so that the parts may be
put together and tested before being enclosed in the said shell, and the frame and
operative parts may be removed from the said case or shell and replaced by others
if desired
The said frame that supports the operative parts has a general shape like the
letter U as best shewn in Fig. 3, consisting of two uprights b, b, connected at their
lower end by a horizontal portion b³.
Upon the said upright 6 are pivoted two levers c d, each of which is branched or
forked, as shewn in Fig. 2, and receives within its two branches the weight supporting

page_text: standard or upright e, which is itself made as an open or inverted U-shaped frame.
The said standard e is thus guided and retained in vertical position in its up
and down movement of the levers c, d, and it has supported upon it a post f
provided with a scale-pan or receiver 9 which may be of any suitable or usual size
and shape.
A stop e, upon the frame b limits the upward movement of the weight supporting
frame e, the lower end of which is notched and rests upon the extremities of a yoke
or cross-piece h, hest shewn in Figs. 3 and 5, which engages three or four turns near
the lower end of the coiled spring that supports the weight and balances the same
by its elastic force, and by its elongation affords a means for measurement of the
amount of the weight as is usual in spring balances.
The upper end of the said spring is supported on an upright or stout rod k itself
secured in the horizontal base portion 6 of the frame, and made adjustable therein by
a screw thread as shown in Fig. 5, being fastened when at the proper height by a
nut k¹.
The said upright passes through the coil of the spring which rests on a top
piece k², that is swiveled on the upright k so that the latter may be turned for the
purpose of adjusting the tension of the spring without twisting the said spring.
In order to provide means for readily indicating the elongation of the spring, and
thus indicating the amount of weight applied to the receiver g, the lever dis
extended beyond its pivotal connections with the frame e as shewn at d', and is
pivotally connected with a rack or toothed bar m that meshes with a pinion n on
an arbor o having a bearing in the front upright b¹, of the main frame.
The said rack is guided and restrained in engagement with the pinion by a
guide 63 that embraces it at a point opposite the pinion as best shewn in Figs. 2
and 4.
The said arbor o has frictionally connected with it a pointer p which thus
accompanies the arbor in its rotary movement except when positively turned upon
said arbor.
The construction of the frictional connection is best shewn in Fig 4 The outer
end of the arbor o is screw threaded as shewn at o¹, and has a conical or tapering
sleeve o³, screwed tightly upon it
The pointer p, is connected with a hub pl, having a tapering socket that fits upon
the sleeve o³, against which the hub p is pressed by a spring contained in a
recess in its outer end and bearing against the head of a screw p³, which 13 hollow
and has an internal thread that screws upon the threaded portion o¹, of the
arbor.
The hub p¹, is milled so that it can be readily taken hold of by the fingers and
turned.
By this construction the pointer may be readily set at the zero position on the dial
whatever may be the position of the weight receiver, g, and in order to prevent
disturbance of the condition of the equilibrium of the spring, when the pointer is
thus being turned, a locking device or clamp for the pointer arbor is provided, being
shewn in this instance as a lever r, fulcrummed at r¹, on the upright 6, of the frame
and having one arm provided with a face or jaw, that may engage the end of the
pinion n, tightly clamping the same against the face of the upright 6', or of the
guide piece 6, connected therewith, as will be readily understood from Figs. 3
and 4.
The other end of the lever is acted upon by an operating device, shewn as a
screw working in a threaded socket, in the upright 6' and having a milled head which
extends out through the case a as shewn in Fig. 1.
The purpose of this clamp for the pointer arbor and of making the pointer adjustable
on its arbor, may be best understood by describing the mode of operation for which
the apparatus is especially intended.
If, for example, it is required to weigh a definite amount of different articles or
ingredients into one receptacle, as for example to weigh successively a portion of
flour, then of butter, and then of sugar, into a plate or bowl, the said receptacle

page_text: may first be placed on the scale-pan g and without necessity of observing its
weight at all, the pointer arbor may be clamped and the pointer turned to the zero
position
Then the desired amount of the first article, for example, one pound of flour, may
be weighed, the pointer indicating the actual weight of the said article, as if no
receptacle were supported on the weighing apparatus The pointer arbor may then
again be clamped, the pointer turned back to zero, and the desired weight of the next
articlo added, the pointer again indicating the exact weight, and so on, until the
maximum capacity of the weighing apparatus is reached.
In this way the confusion and mistakes are avoided which frequently arise when
weighing apparatus having a movable indicator is used in the ordinary manner, as in
the use of such apparatus as commonly made, the weight of the recepticle which
might be any amount, not necessarily even units, as for example one pound, thirteen
ounces, will first have to be observed and then added to the weight required for the
first material in order to find the point to be indicated when the required amount of
the first material is added after which another addition would have to be made to find
the reading for the next material, and so on.
By making the fame work that supports the operative parts indepen lent of the
outer shell or case as previously described, scales of different capacity may be easily
used having cases of the same size
It may however, be desirable with a scale of large capacity to make the d'al a', of
larger diameter than for a scale of smalle capacity.
The shell a is mainly cylindrical in shape and has a lateral cylindrical projection a²,
a portion of which is shewn in Fig 6, which receives the dial a¹
This lateral projection is of the same diameter as the main upright cylinder and is
of sufficient size for the dials of scales of smaller capacity which dials may be fitted
directly upon the said projection
For a scale of larger capacity the sud lateral projection a³, is provided with an
enlarging ring a, see Fig 6, upon which the dial is secured thus making said dial of
larger diameter than the main cylinder a as shewn in Fig 1
The said dial may be made of sheet metal having a flange turned up around its end
which flange engages the ring a, as shewn in Fig 6, said flange and ring being both
secured upon the cylindrical projection a² by two or more screws a*.
The cylindrical body a of the case has an enlarged base or foot a', which may be of
ornamental design, and a cap piece a which may also be of ornamental design, and
has an opening through which the post passes
The frame b, b, b, that supports the operative parts of the apparatus, is inserted
through the lower end of the shell a the pan g, and pointer and screw, being then
removed and is fastened in the said shell by sciews 66 see Fig 3
Secondly in cases where some of the functions designed to be performed by the
preceding arrangement are not required to be utilized The object of a modification
of my invention is by a simplified construction to produce a spring balance of simple
and inexpensive construction, which is very durable and accurate.
The invention consists mainly in various combinations and details of construction
that will be hereinafter pointed out.
Fig 7 is a front elevation of a weighing apparatus embodying this invention.
Fig. & a longitudinal vertical section thereof.
Figs 9 and 10 transverse sections on line x and y respectively, of Fig 7.
The said modification of the invention may be embodied in an apparatus of that
kind in which the scale-pan or receiver is supported on a spring, the elastic force
of which counter-balances the weight, and the amount of depression of the weight
receiver in opposition to the elastic force of the spring, affords a measure for the
weight, which is indicated by a revolving pointer and cooperating dial, the said
pointer being turned in proportion to the depression of the weight receiver and
elongation of the counter-balancing spring through the intervention of a rack and
pinion.
The invention consists mainly in the devices for supporting and guiding the said

page_text: main operative parts, and for enclosing and protecting the same from being tampered
with and from being affected by dust, etcetera
The scale-pan or receiver a which may be of any suitable or usual size and shape, is
provided with a tubular shank or stem a¹, that fits upon a neck 61, shewn in dotted
lines Fig. 8 upon the standard or support b, that sustains the scale-pan and weight
thereon, and is itself supported on the counter-balancing spring c, the lower end of
which is connected with a lateral arm or projection 6, at the lower end of said
standard b.
The neck a¹, has a notch a², that engages a projection on the standard b as shewn in
Fig 2, to retain the scale-pan in proper position on said standard.
The parts above mentioned are supported and guided on a frame d having two
vertical members d', d², connected at the top by a transverse portion & shewn as
curved or arch shaped and preferably also connected at their lower end by a transverse
portion d', thus making an open frame that receives the main portion of the upright b
and the spring o within it
The upper end of the said spring c is fastened to the upper transverse member d³,
of the frame by a hook e which may have a threaded shank working in said frame as
shewn so as to provide for adjustment.
The weight supporting standard 6 is guided in its vertical movement by levers f,ƒ³,
which are forked as best shewn in Figs. 9 and 10 so as to receive a portion d' of the
frame, and the standard b, between their forked ends.
They thus guide the standard b and retain it in vertical position as it moves up and
down, while affording extremely small frictional resistance to such movement
The upper member do, of the frame is off-set as best shown at d³, Figure 9, and has
a recess de, opposite said offset that receives the standard 6 which is itself recessed as
shown at 66, (Figure 8) thus producing stop shoulders 63, 64, which by their engage
ment with the frame, limit the movement of said standard in both directions and thus
prevent over-straining of the spring c. The amount of downward movement of the
receiver a which takes place when a weight is applied to it, and brought into equi-
librium by the opposing force of the spring affords the measure for the amount of
said weight, and in order to indicate it readily, the lever fl, is extended beyond its
point of connection with the standard as shown at 3, and is pivotally connected
with one end of a rack or toothed bar g, meshing with a pinion on an arbor ¹,
having a bearing in the front portion d, of the frame through which it extends,
being provided at the outside of said frame with a pointer h³, that cooperates with
a suitable graduated dial best shown in Figure 7.
2
The upper portion d³, of the frame is recessed as shown at d', Figure 9, to permit
the movement of the rack which is guided and retained in engagement with-the
pinion by a guide k see Figure 9, connected with the front member d' of
the frame.
The operative parts with the exception of the dial are thus all connected with
the frame d which supports and retains the said parts in the proper position with
relation to one another during the weighing operation.
In order to protect the said operative parts and to provide a suitable finish for the
entire apparatus, the said frame is enclosed in a cylindrical case or shell m provided
at its outside and above the lower end of the cylindrical portion with a widened base
or projecting flange m³, and terminating at the top in a head or end piece m³, having
an opening of sufficient size to permit the free movement of the shank a' of the
scale-pan.
The said shell is also provided with a lateral cylindrical extension m³, see Figure 3,
of the same diameter as the said upright cylinder upon which the dial is supported,
said dial being preferably composed of thin sheet metal having graduations marked
or engraved thereon as shown in Figure 1, and having a flange ¹, best shown in
Figure 8, which fits over the tubular projection m³.
A cross-bar or bridge m², see Figure 8, extends across the cylindrical extension m³,
and cooperates with the front portion d, of the frame in forming a guide or bearing
for the pointer arbor h¹.

page_text: The entire framed with the operative parts connected with it is inserted through
the lower end of the cylindrical shell, the pointer then being removed and the
pointer arbor slipped back, and the scale-pan a also being removed from the upper
end of the standard b and the said fiame d'is then fastened securely in proper position
in the shell, by means of screws n best shown in Figure 8.
The pointer arbor is then pushed forward through an opening or bearing in the
bridge m, the dial is then applied, and the pointer fastened upon the end of the
pointer arbor by a nut /
A сар o is then applied to the lower end of the cylinder or shell m within the
base m, thus tightly closing the said shell at its lower end.
This cap o is of the same size and may be of the same material as the dial, as the
lower end of the cylinder is of the same size as the end of the lateral projection m³,
and the same dies may be employed to shape and flange the covers that are
employed to make the dial 2.
A weighing apparatus of this kind is extremely simple, inexpensive, durable and
reliable for the less complicated manipulations to be performed by it and the enclosing
case or shell of the construction described affords a perfect protection for the
enclosed parts and also makes the entire apparatus of neat appearance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination of the frame b, 61, 6' with the levers pivoted on said frame,
and the weight supporting uprights pivotally connected with said levers, and a spring
and supporting upright therefor, connected with the lower member 6, of said frame,
the said supporting upright passing through and being attached to the upper end
of said spring which is embraced within and connected at its lower end with the said
weight supporting upright, the pointer arbor having its bearings in the front
member 6, of said frame, and provided with a pinion; and a rack meshing with said
pinion connected with one of the levers with which the weight supporting upright
is connected, substantially as described.
2. The combination of the pointer arbor of a weighing apparatus said arbor having
a pinion fixed thereon, and also having a threaded portion; with a conical sleeve
screwed upon said threaded portion, the pointer and hub therefor having a conical
socket engaging said sleeve and a spring that presses the said hub against the said
sleeve, and a screw fastened to said arbor and supporting the end of said spring,
substantially as described.
3. The combination of the frame 6, 61, 63, the levers pivoted thereon, and weight
supporting upright pivotally connected with said levers, and the spring, with an
independent case or shell enclosing said frame and detachably connected therewith,
the operative parts being all supported independently of said detachable shell, sub-
stantially as described.
4 The combination of the frame, the levers pivotally connected therewith, and
weight supporting uprights pivotally connected with said levers, and the counter
balancing spring with a pointer arbor having bearings in said frame, and provided
with a pinion and pointer frictionally held thereon, a rack engaging said pinion and
connected with one of said levers, and a clamp for said pointer arbor, consisting of a
lever fulcrumed on said frame, and having one arm that engages the end of said
pinion and arbor to clamp the same against the frame-work while the pointer is being
turned thereon, substantially as and for the purpose set forth
5. The combination of the frame, weight supporting spring and pointer arbor of a
spring balance, connected therewith, with an enclosing case having a lateral projec-
tion that receives the dial, and a detachable enlarging ring connected with said
projection, and having a flange over-lapping said ring and fastenings passing through
the said flange of the dial and ring into the enclosing case, substantially as and for
the purpose described.

page_text: 6. A weighing apparatus comprising a frame d having a transverse member d³, the
weight supporting standard bits guiding levers pivotally connected therewith and
with the said frame, the said standard having an off-set or arm at its lower end; a
spring connected with the upper transverse member of said frame, and with the arm
of said standard; the pointer and its arbor having a bearing in said frame and
provided with a pinion, and the rack meshing with said pinion and connected with
one of said guide levers, substantially as described.
7. A weighing apparatus comprising a frame, weight supporting standard, its guide
levers, spring the pointer arbor and rack and pinion supported on said frame; with
the cylindrical shell 'm having a base flange m³, at the outside of and above the lower
end thereof, and the lateral cylindrical projection m³, and dial 2, supported thereon,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
8. A weighing apparatus comprising a frame d, having a transverse member d³,
combined with the weight supporting standard b, having a recess b³, the shoulders at
the ends of which engage said frame, the guidi levers for said standard and the
spring connected with said standard and with the. no d, and the rack connected
with one of said levers, and pinion meshing with drack, and pointer arbor and
pointer operated by said pinion, substantially as described.
Dated the 3rd day of February 1890.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.