matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW PROCESS FOR REFINING LAMP OIL
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Marchand, Emile Marchand,
and Jesse Marchand at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th November 1858.
I, PIERRE MARCHAND, EMILE MARCHAND, & JESSE MARCHAND, Brothers,
of Dunkirk, in France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW PROCESS FOR REFINING LAMP OIL," to be as follows:-
We take a quantity of any sort of oil, but in order the process should be
perfect, ten hectolitres at the least are necessary, say, we take ten hectolitres
of the oil of sessame, of linseed, or any other sort, which being well clarified, it
is poured into a boiler disposed for the purpose, and heated by means of steam,
either by hot water or by a worm fixed to the bottom; when heated to the
temperature of seventy-five degrees, pour in five per cent. of alkali or kali at
twenty-eight degrees, mixed with one-third of salt to prevent a general
thickening. When the action of this agent is produced, the mucilaginous and
colouring portion becoming thick (term of soap boilers), and separating com-
pletely, leaves an oil, pale, without smell or taste, being thus entirely nutralised,
that is to say, it is now no more oil of linseed or sessame than it is any
other oil.
It now remains to give this oil a complete similarity to that of refined rape-
seed, mustard seed, or turnip seed oil, that is to say, to make it acquire the
qualities which escape taste or smell, such as density and the several trans-
formations detirmined by chemical agents; to effect this, it is mixed with a

page_text: certain quantity of waste or cake of native rapeseed, turnip seed, or mustard
seed of China, this latter being preferable on account of its pungent principle,
having a more energetic effect, say, take two parts thereof to one of oil which
suffices; but care must be taken to choose freshly-made cake from perfectly
sound seed, in order that it may possess all its aroma and flavour. The whole
is then put under the stompers used in the manufacturing of oil, for bruising
the seed, and when it is judged that the oil is sufficiently impregnated, we may
say saturated with all the essence of the cake from which the primitive oil had
been extracted, and which this oil in some degree replaces, the whole is sub-
mitted to the hydraulic press used for pressing the pulverised seed, and thus is
obtained an oil perfectly similar to that extracted primitively either from
rapeseed, mustard seed, or turnip seed; beating this oil with half per cent. of
sulphuric acid, and afterwards with ten per cent. of water, which nutralises
and precipitates this reactive; the oil is left to stand for ten days, and after
this lapse of time it is passed through a philter of charcoal or of sawdust.
After having passed through these several operations, the oil has acquired all
the apparent, and real qualities of the best refined oil of rapeseed or of
mustard seed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRINTING PRESS
Year: 1858

page_text: vy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tregaskis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1858.
I, WILLIAM TREGASKIS, 37, St. Andrew's Hill, Thames Street, London,
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PRINTING PRESS," consists in having the table or bed plate of the press
on which the types are arranged firmly united to and standing on legs or a
frame, instead of sliding under the platen; one end of this bed plate is formed
with guide groves for rods to slide up and down in, which rods are united to
the end of the platen by hinge joints.
The opposite end of the bed plate has similar guide groves to receive the
ends of rods having hooks or eye holes to take hold of the end of the platen.
These two sets of rods are combined and acted on by levers and other
mechanical means, so as to draw the platen down on the types to produce the
required impression.
When an impression is taken, the platen is released, the hook or eyed ends
of the rods are immediately disengaged from the platen, which is then turned
up by hand into the inclined position of the tympan in ordinary presses, the
weight of the platen resting on the hinge joints only. To render this operation
of turning up the platen easy of execution, the weight of the platen is balanced

page_text: so that only sufficient power is required to overcome the inertia of the balanced
platen and friction of the hinge joints. The frisket & tympan will be worked
as at present, with the usual appendages of blanket, parchment, &c. The
platen will be fixed at the back of the tympan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE AND THE BETTER VENTILATION OF APARTMENTS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Waller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1858.
I, THOMAS WALLER, of Rose Lane, Ratcliff, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES
FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE AND THE BETTER VENTILATION OF APARTMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of admitting streams of atmospheric air through slots
or apertures formed in the sides or backs of stoves or fire-grates just above
the incandescent fuel, and of constructing the sides of the grates or stoves so
that the rising smoke shall be caused to impinge thereon, and be intermixed
with atmospheric air, whereby most of the products of combustion will be
converted into flame, and the production of opaque smoke be prevented.
Hitherto atmospheric air has not been admitted to the ordinary stoves and
grates of dwelling houses for any other purpose than of supplying oxygen for
the supporting combustion of fuel, but by my Invention the air is admitted at
the top of the fuel, and is caused to circulate over it, and thereby prevent the
evolution of opaque smoke, and effect a saving in the use of fuel. Letters
Patent were granted to me on the Eighth July, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four, for improvements in register and other stoves, which Invention
consists of lining stoves or fire-places with a peculiar construction of back and
sides, which were grooved and fitted in the manner of a rule hinge joint, by
which means the sides were contracted or widened at pleasure.
And my

page_text: present Invention consists of forming perforations or slots in the tiles or fire-
bricks so constructed, for the admission of streams of air above the fuel, and of
making perforations or slots in the sides of any other kind of stove or grate,
whether made of metal or of fire-brick, for such purpose.
I prefer to make the sides of the stove or grate of an angular form, so that
the flame shall strike against them and be caused to come in contact with the
fresh air, which will promote combustion and prevent smoke. In combination
with this arrangement, I construct an air chamber or chambers at the side or
sides of the stove or grate, so as to provide a due quantity of air for the
purpose described. The effect of these improvements in burning coal is to
cause the giving out of a much greater degree of heat, and to ensure the better
ventilation of apartments, for the draught produced quickly carries off
vitiated air.
For hospitals, barracks, and other large buildings where the air is not
always pure, my improved stoves will be found eminently serviceable, and were
they generally adopted, London and other large cities might become almost
wholly free from the nuisance of smoke now that the emision of that noxious
product is prohibited from furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING LEATHER, IN ORDER TO RENDER IT WATERPROOF
Year: 1858

page_text: CICO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1858. A communication.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 10, Alfred Place, Newington Causeway, Southwark,
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING LEATHER, IN ORDER
TO RENDER IT WATERPROOF," a communication, to be as follows:-
I propose to split the hides or skins of leather into two or more pieces. I
then coat one of the surfaces of the split portions (preferably the split surface)
with india-rubber or gutta percha, or with a compound of both of these, or
with a solution of shellac or of any of the gums which are insoluable in water.
The two surfaces coated with such are then put together, and subjected to
great pressure, so that afterwards they form one piece quite impervious to
water or damp. Two or more of these compressed sheets may be put together,
and treated in the same manner as a single pair. Moreover, when the skins
are thin, as some sheep skins for instance, it may then be unnecessary to split
them, the two skins being treated similarly to two split pieces. The leather
so prepared may be rolled in the usual way to form the surface even when
requisite.
A NEW DESCRIPTION OF PLOUGH, WITH FORE CARRIAGE, APPLICABLE TO ALL SWING OR COMMON PLOUGHS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jozé Luis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June 1858.-
A communication.
I, JOZE Luis, Patent Agent, of No. 1, Welbeck St., Cavendish Sq™,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW DESCRIPTION OF PLOUGH, WITH FORE CARRIAGE, APPLICABLE
TO ALL SWING OR COMMON PLOUGHS," (a communication), to be as follows:-
The principal feature of the Invention is the fulcrum or fore carriage.
The advantages obtained by using this plough are numerous; we will only
mention a few:-1st, it reaches any depth; 2nd, it is very light; 3rd, only a
slight pressure being used at the end of the furrow, it ceases to act; 4th, it is
very simple & is guided by the hand as desired.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
A, the regulator; B, chain of the regulator; C & D, the joint & part of
the plough which turns over the earth; G, iron band preserving C from wear;
I, ploughshare; K, coulter; M, M, stays; O, band of iron supporting the
beam N; P, iron band, pierced with holes, for keeping the lever in its place;
Q, the handles; R, the lever; S, the fulcrum of the lever; T, piece of wood,
pierced with holes, keeping the lever in its place; U, place for the whip; V,
wheels; Y, the breech; Z, moveable shafts holding the wheels; X, support
for the guides; N, N, the two beams, upper & lower.
NENTS IN WASHING MACHINES, AND APPARATUS FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Anthony Mason at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1858.
I, JOSEPH ANTHONY MASON, of Wirksworth, in the County of Derby, Land
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
NENTS IN WASHING MACHINES, AND APPARATUS FOR WRINGING AND MANGLING," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally of a box or other receptacle of any
suitable or convenient shape, into which the linen or other articles to be
washed, together with the hot water and soap or other cleansing material aro
placed. The process of washing is effected by placing the linen in several
layers separated by corrugated plates or frames made of wickerwork, wood,
or other suitable material, every alternate frame being moved backwards and
forwards by an excentric spindle in a direction opposite to the motion of the
intervening frames, and to the direction of the corrugations thereon; the frames
or corrugated plates are held down by a hand lever, by means of which the
pressure can be regulated to the necessary degree at pleasure.
The wringing and mangling apparatus, consisting of two or more rollers, is
affixed near one end of the box, and the necessary pressure is obtained by
causing the box containing the washing apparatus to act as a weight upon the
axies of the rollers.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John North Wilkins Twigg and
William Adkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th January 1858.
We, JOHN NORTH WILKINS TWIGG, Commercial Agent, of Coventry, in the
County of Warwick, and WILLIAM ADKINS, of Birmingham, in the same
County, Linendraper, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING RAILWAY BRAKES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in connecting the buffer rods of general railway
carriages to strong spring or other levers, secured by strong bolts or pins to
the frame of such carriages, which pin or pins form the fulcrums on which
they work. To the lower end of these levers the breaks are attached. By
this arrangement the breaks are removed from the periphery of the wheels
when draughtway is on the carriage or carriages to which they are attached,
but the moment the power by which the traction is effected (whether by a
locomotive engine or other agency) stops or slackens its speed, the carriages
are from their momentum pressed together, and as the buffers come or are
pressed in contact, so the breaks act on the periphery of the wheels with more
or less force and arrest their further progress. For the purposes of reversing
the direction of the carriages to which such breaks are applied, the buffers are

page_text: held by connecting rods and simple or compound levers, which may be
simultaneously brought to act on all of them at once, so that they cannot be
compressed, and by their connection with the breaks impede the free action of
the wheels. These simple or compound levers are placed on the sides of the
carriages to which such breaks are applied, so that they can be easily operated
on, and being all connected, the mere act of stopping or bolting out one buffer
secures the whole in each carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Miles Mayall and George Jackson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd June 1858.
We, MILES MAYALL, of Mossley, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, and GEORGE JACKSON, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to that class or description of machinery employed
in spinning cotton, &c., called the "self-acting mule." The improvement
consists in substituting a friction coupling for or in place of the ordinary
clutch box gearing as hitherto employed upon the vertical shaft, which causes
the drawing up or "running in" of the mule carriage. This friction coupling
may be so adjusted as to convey any amount of driving power required, or to
become disconnected and effect the stoppage of the carriage upon the slightest
obstruction to the "running in" of the carriage, instead of allowing the
carriage to proceed, and causing the yarn to be broken as when the ordinary
clutch box or other positive gearing motion is employed.
A CERTAIN MEDICINAL COMPOUND FOR THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marc Antoine François Mennons, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "A CERTAIN MEDICINAL COMPOUND FOR THE
TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY."-A communication.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Marc Antoine François
Mennons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition and Declaration, on the 17th April 1858, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARC
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 39,
Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "A CERTAIN MEDICINAL
COMPOUND FOR THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY," communicated to me from a
foreigner residing abroad, and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and made solemn declaration that it is a communication:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand
and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, that is to say :-

page_text: The Invention communicated to me consists of a medicinal compound for
the treatment of epilepsy prepared with the following ingredients,-
Cinnabar
-
144 grains.
Mistletoe
Castoreum
Succinum
Essence of marjoram
-
144 grains.
-
72 grains.
5
-
72 grains.
-
18 grains.
72 grains.
Peruvian balsam
Syrrup of piony, as required.
The solid ingredients of the above list are finely triturated, and the whole 1
made into eighteen pills, the syrrup of piony being employed in sufficient
quantity for this purpose.
As a general rule, the following course of treatment should be adopted
previous to the employment of the above compound.
During three months, the patient should drink about one pint per day of 1
the following preparation:
Senna
Manna
4 oz. apothecaries' weight.
-
1 oz.
do.
do.
Sarsaparilla
-
1 oz.
do.
do.
Marsh mallow root
-
1 oz.
do.
do.
Water
- 4 quarts.
20
A foot bath should be taken morning and evening. At the expiration of these
three months the following preparation should be employed :-

page_text: I do not, on the other hand, restrain myself to the exact proportions given of
the ingredients of which these pills are formed, as these proportions may be
varied, according to the age, temperament, and general constitution of the
patient. But what I claim is, the preparation of a remedy for epilepsy from
the ingredients first above enumerated, to be employed as pills or in any other
convenient form.
In witness whereof, I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
M. F. MENNONS. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1858.
I, ROBERT WILSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Shipowner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLING NAVIGABLE VESSELS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object a means of applying the propelling power
of the screw or other submerged propellers to the sides of sailing vessels,
so that screws or other like submerged propellers may be immersed in or
elevated out of the water at pleasure, as well as the framework and stays by
which they are connected to the vessel's sides; and also constructing the
propellers and framework that they may be applied to or taken off the
vessel's sides during the time she is at sea.
To accomplish these improvements, it is proposed to apply on each side of
the vessel a screw or other like propeller, supported and working in frame-
work formed of metal stays, which are connected to the vessel's sides in such a.
way that they can be moved vertically up and down the vessel's sides.
The framework may be connected to the sides of the vessel by sliding dove-
tail or under-cut groove joints formed in or on the vessel's sides, or by having
metal rods or plates attached to the vessel's sides, and connecting the inner
sides of the framework thereto by clip slides. It is proposed to elevate and

page_text: depress the propellers and framework by means of screw actions, which are so
connected that when acted upon each frame will be elevated or depressed
uniformly. The propellers, whose axis are parallel with the vessel's sides and
keel, are driven by power applied thereto from the deck or other con-
venient situation by means of endless bands or other convenient mechanical
appliances..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO METALLURGICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Owen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1858.
I, EDWARD OWEN, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, AND IN THE APPLICATION
OF THE SAME TO METALLURGICAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of an improved fuel, and to the
application of the same to the purposes of furnaces and metallurgical processes,
particularly those where wood charcoal has hitherto been employed. The
improvements consist in grinding or reducing ordinary peat charcoal, by
whatever process or processes such peat charcoal may have been produced, to a
fine powder, for the purpose of increasing its density; this powder is then
to be mixed in suitable proportions with coal tar, coal tar pitch, or, in fact,
with any bituminous substance, so as to render the mass plastic when in a
cold or heated state, according to the nature of the bituminous substance
mixed therewith. The whole may, if found desirable, be compressed into
cakes for the purpose of still further increasing the density of the fuel, or this
compressing process may be dispensed with; in either case the material in the
form of rude blocks is to be recarbonized. This latter process may be con-

page_text: veniently carried on in the same manner as the carbonization of coal is effected
in gasworks. The volatile matters driven off during the process of recar-
bonization are collected by ordinary known methods now in use for similar
purposes.
By the application of this fuel to smelting and other metallurgical processes,
the advantages attained are superior to those where wood charcoal is at
present employed, whilst at the same time this fuel is produced at a much less
cost.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-HOES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO DRILLS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the tine prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1858.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, of Swanton Novers, Thetford, in the County of Norfolk,
Farm Bailiff, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-HOES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO DRILLS," to
be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to simplify the construction of horse-
hoes, & to give to the attendant more complete command over such
implements when in work than heretofore. For this purpose, I mount the
hoes on independent levers, which are severally jointed to the forward end of a
balance frame; this frame has for its fulcrum, by preference, the axle of the
running wheels, and it is also made capable of sliding laterally thereon. The
steering rod by which these two movements are communicated to the frame
passes from the front to the rear of this frame, and rests in suitable bearings
carried by the frame, which bearings permit of its receiving an axial motion
from the hand of the attendant. On the inner or forward end of the steering
rod is keyed a segment rack, which gears into a rack on the axle of the
running wheels, and the outer end of the rod is fitted with a hand wheel or
handles. When, therefore, a lateral motion is required to be given to the
hoes to get them into the proper position for working, it will only be necessary
to turn the steering rod to the right or left, and the whole of the hoes will by
"

page_text: reason of the gearing be shogged in the required direction. When the hoes
are required to be lifted, so as to be clear of the ground, or for the purpose of
changing the angle of inclination of the cutting edge of the hoes, the guide
rod is pressed upwards by the attendant, when acting as a lever it will raise
the hoes, the movement being facilitated by the counterweight of the portion
of the frame which lies on the forward side of the axle or centre of the
rocking motion. Instead of the segment and straight rack, other gearing, as
a pulley and chain, or their equivalent, may be employed for imparting the
lateral motion to the balance frame. The above described arrangement
applies also to drills, and serves to facilitate the adjustment of the coulters
while those implements are in operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INTERNAL FITTINGS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cottam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1858.
I, EDWARD COTTAM, of Lower Belgrave Place, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INTERNAL FITTINGS OF CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of seats, backs, and elbow
rests of carriages (particularly railway carriages), and consists in the first part
in the substitution of a peculiar combination of metallic springs, laths, and
covers for the ordinary seats and backs, whereby I obtain greater elasticity,
greater durability, greater cleanliness, less liability to harbour dirt, vermin, or
contagion, and contribute thus to the health and comfort of passengers.
The second part consists of an improved arm or elbow rest, so constructed
as to turn up or down when desired, so that the seat may be converted into a
couch. These improvements may be used either separately or conjointly.
To effect the proposed objects, I construct the elastic portion of the seat or
back in part or otherwise, agreeably to the Specification attached to my former
Patent for "Improvements in Bedsteads, dated the 16th of June 1846,
which is a novel arrangement of metallic springs and their connections, by
which superior elasticity and other advantages are obtained in the surface
whereon the bedding is placed. This elastic foundation I cover with leather,
horsehair, cane, or other suitable fabric, a sheet of woven cocoa-nut fibre, jute,
or other suitable material being interposed between such covering and the

page_text: elastic foundation, by which I produce an elastic seat without stuffing or
padding of any kind, and as such not liable to the many inconveniences and
objections to which stuffed seats are liable, especially in tropical climates. To
render the arms or elbow rests moveable, as herein-before described, I attach
them to the framework of the carriage, so that they may either be turned up
or down, as convenience may suggest, leaving a large portion or the whole of
the seat, if desired, available as a couch. In cool seasons or climates, when a
softer and warmer seat and back are desired, a stuffed cushion is used in lieu
of the simple covering herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scrimshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1858.
I, JOHN SCRIMSHAW, of No. 13, Johnson Street, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Asphalte Road Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in making force pumps and pumps of
various descriptions to throw one continuous stream of air, water, or any other
liquid, and can be used instead of a bellows or air pump, the same being
effected in the following manner : —
I employ a cylinder or barrel having on one side thereof an induction pipe
somewhat in the shape of an F, the upper arm or elbow of the pipe entering
the top of the cylinder, the lower arm or elbow entering the bottom of the
cylinder. On the other side is attached an eduction pipe of the same shape as
the induction, but being reversed thus, the two elbows entering the cylinder
at top and bottom, the same as the induction pipe. In each elbow of the
induction pipe is a valve, said valves opening iuto the cylinder, while those
valves in the elbows of the eduction pipe open into the pipe itself. It is
obvious, therefore, that as the plunger descends, the top valve of the induction
pipe will be opened, allowing the water or other liquid to enter the upper part
of the cylinder, while at the same time the liquid in the lower part is being
driven through the open valve of the eduction pipe. When the plunger is

page_text: raised the two valves just now open become shut, and the two opposite valves
are opened, thereby drawing the liquid from the lower elbow of the induction
pipe, and driving it through the upper elbow of the eduction pipe, thereby
causing a continuous stream.
SAFELY SUBMERGING OCEAN TELEGRAPH CABLES & OTHER HEAVY BODIES IN RIVERS, LAKES, AND SEAS, BY MEANS OF INFLATED BUOYS AND CONNECTING GEAR
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcus Voss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1858.
I, MARCUS Voss, of 12, Billiter Square, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "SAFELY SUBMERGING OCEAN TELEGRAPH CABLES
& OTHER HEAVY BODIES IN RIVERS, LAKES, AND SEAS, BY MEANS OF INFLATED BUOYS
AND CONNECTING GEAR," to be as follows:-
At
The submersion of the cable to be effected by the use of buoys or air cases
made of any suitable material and convenient shape for the temporary sus-
pension of portions of the line (flexible ones preferred for the sake of their
portability); these are to be attached to the cable at stated distances.
starting, when a sufficient length has been payed out and buoyed, so many of
the buoys are to be detached, perforated, or destroyed, as to permit that part
of the cable to descend, which it will do, maintaining nearly its horizontal
position, carrying down the nearest buoys. At a certain depth, owing to the
density of the water, a gradual displacement of the contained air ensues, and
this loss of sustaining power acting on the buoys in succession, the surface
ones are in turn submerged, and in turn exhausted; by this partial support
the strain upon the cable is divided among the points of suspension, the
tendency to twist or festoon is prevented, and from the nature of the descent

page_text: the cable is permitted to adapt itself to the outline of the ocean bottom, whether
rugged or plain. Various methods of attaching the buoys to the cable will be
employed by the Inventor, adapted to the easy and safe working of the
preventive gear specified below.
The further use of the buoys is to provide against the loss of the cable in
case of breakage. Preventive gear is arranged to connect them with machinery
on board, by which the last two buoys and the portions of cable attached are
always under the command of the persons employed, ensuring the recovery of
the broken end for re-splicing or effectively buoying till further arrangements
are made. The machinery of the preventive gear pays out and reels home at
the discretion of those in charge, and may be worked by connecting it with
the ship's engines. A condensing cylinder to supply air for inflating the buoys,
fitted with stop-cocks, &c., may be similarly worked.
The Inventor claims to apply this design to the submersion of any heavy
bodies in rivers, lakes, or seas.
APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING AND RELEASING THE BELLYBANDS OF RIDING SADDLES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Sievers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
December 1858.-A communication from Monsieur Charles Zipp, of
Paris.
I, JOHN HENRY SIEVERS, of 48, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "APPARATUS
FOR TIGHTENING AND RELEASING THE BELLYBANDS OF RIDING SADDLES," (a com-
munication from Monsieur Charles Zipp, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
The object of the said Invention is to enable the rider whilst on horseback
to tighten the bellybands should it be required, and to facilitate the putting
on and taking off of saddles. The apparatus or mechanism for tightening or
releasing the bellybands is contained in a flat box or case of iron or other
metal fixed to the right-hand side of the saddle.
The mechanism consists in two pulleys, having cords or gut attached to and
passing round them, the other ends of the cords reaching through suitable
guide holes outside the bottom of the box, where they are provided with loops,
eyelets, or clasps, into which the similarly provided ends of the bellybands are
fastened. The pulleys turn on arbors, having their bearings in the sides of
the box, and to each pulley or arbor a toothed wheel is fixed; both the wheels
gear into a third toothed wheel likewise secured on an arbor, which has its
bearings in the sides of the box. A ratchet wheel is screwed to this third
wheel, and a click actuated by a spring takes into the ratchet wheel. The

page_text: ratchet wheel arbor is made square on the outside end to receive a key.
When the strap requires tightening, the cords or guts are wound on to the
pulleys. When, on the other hand, the straps are to be slackened, a detent
actuated by the pressure of a finger releases the ratchet wheel, whereupon the
pulleys are at liberty to turn and give off the cords. On putting on the saddle,
the ratchet wheel is released, and the cords drawn off the pulleys, whereupon
the straps on the left-hand side of the horse are tightened and buckled.
Should the rider on sitting in the saddle find that the bellybands require
tightening, he will move slightly backwards with the right leg, insert the key
and tighten up. Before taking off the saddle, the ratchet wheel is again
released, and the band slackened and unhooked.
AN IMPROVED STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scott and Antonio Martinucci
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 12th August 1858.
We, JOHN SCOTT, of Shoreham, Commander in the Mercantile Marine, and
ANTONIO MARTINUCCI, of Brighton, both in the County of Sussex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STEAM
ENGINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in dispensing with the ordinary steam cylinders and
their valves and pumps, by certain mechanical arrangements, by means of
which I am enabled to re-use the steam. The engine consists of a solid
cylindrical or other formed piece of metal, having recesses bored into it for
inserting the valves and for admitting steam. The centre of the solid
cylinder is bored out to receive a solid ram or plunger, and the lower end of
one side and top end of the opposite side of the bore has a steam space cut
therein, corresponding with similar steam spaces in the ram or plunger, so as
to receive a reciprocating movement by the action of the steam, first on one
side and then on the other, and so on continuously without requiring con-
densation, and which may be prevented by raising the temperature of the
metal composing the body of the engine. The boilers, steam pipes, and con-
nections may be similar to those in ordinary use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINES
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maximilien François Joseph
Delfosse at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th August 1858.
I, MAXIMILIEN FRANÇOIS JOSEPH DELFOSSE, of Regent Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of electro-magnetic machines in which
powerful induced currents are obtained by the revolution of wheels or discs
carrying cores of soft iron surrounded with coils of wire, and made to revolve
between the poles of fixed permanet magnets. The induced currents are
collected from the whole series of coils, and conveyed by metal conductors to
be used as required. The present improvements consist in the apportioning of
the number of coils composing each disc or wheel to the magnets between
which they pass; in arrangements of the conducting rings in order to avoid
the electric spark; in the employment under certain circumstances of uninter-
rupted or unsplit annular rings; in means of coupling the coils according to
the intensity or quantity of the current desired to be obtained; in the arrange-
ments of the coupling of the coils with the split or full rings for those
applications where the electric currents are required to be fixed or changeable,
of weak or strong intensity; and in the employment of split coils for the pur-
pose of increasing the energy of the currents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAYING SUBMARINE CABLES FOR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brockelbank at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1858.
I, GEORGE BROCKELBANK, of the General Steam Navigation Company,.
71, Lombard Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAYING SUBMARINE CABLES FOR TELEGRAPHIC
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in laying submarine cables
for telegraphic purposes. For this purpose the telegraphic cable, as it is payed
out from the ship which carries the coil, is passed down a sustaining cable
which is attached to the stern of this ship. The sustaining cable is of such a
length as to support the telegraphic cable to within such a distance of the
bottom as to avoid all risk of fracture, and is itself supported at one or several
points in its length by ropes, and each of these ropes is attached to the
sustaining cable, and passes from it to the surface, where its other end is con-
nected to another ship, which is either towed or steams at a certain distance
behind the ship from which the telegraphic cable is being payed out. In this
manner the sustaining cable is caused to assume such a curve that but a slight
strain will fall on the telegraphic cable, which latter, as it runs down the
sustaining cable, is supported from it at short intervals by being passed through
suitable pulleys fixed to the sustaining cable.
GLAZING IN WOOD WITHOUT PUTTY
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sangster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1858.
I, JOHN SANGSTER, of Newington, in the County of Surrey, Nurseryman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "GLAZING IN WOOD
WITHOUT PUTTY," to be as follows:-
And consists in fixing glass in woodwork for horticultural and other purposes
without putty or other like substance in the following manner:-The styles to
be rabetted out one inch wide by inch deep. The bars to be put in the
frame flush with the lower rail. The styles and bars to be grooved circular
inch wide by inch deep, tapering to nothing over the lower rail for dis-
charge of moisture that may collect under the glass. The top rail to be
rabetted out, the lower part flush with the upper surface of the styles and bars.
The styles and bars to be scribed upwards, according to the thickness of the
glass. Brass plates are let in flush with the styles and bars, at distances
according to the size of glass used, and tapped for screws. The capping for
styles and bars (bevilled at top) are made flush with brass plates with three
holes opposite the plates already fixed on the styles and bars, and the whole

page_text: united by screws through the two plates which are brought together. Brass
brads may be driven into the capping underneath, and left slightly projecting
to prevent the glass from slipping down, also into the styles and bars to
prevent slipping sideways. The capping is let into the top rail and screwed
on to the bars.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MEANS OF PRESERVING LIFE AND PROPERTY IN NAVIGATION
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Constantine Kinnear
and David Posener at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th November 1858.
We, FREDERICK CONSTANTINE KINNEAR, of Hoxton, and DAVID POSENER, of
Windmill Street, Haymarket, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN THE MEANS OF
PRESERVING LIFE AND PROPERTY IN NAVIGATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists simply in the attachment of inflated air-tight tubes
or bags, made in one or more compartments or divisions, to the internal or
external sides of ships or vessels, and floating craft of all kinds, whereby the
buoyancy of such ships or vessels and craft is so increased that the possibility
of their sinking or foundering is intirely prevented. We do not confine our-
selves to any material in the construction of our air-tight tubes or bags, but
we prefer to use that known as double texture, or Mackintosh cloth. These
tubes or bags may be inflated either with gas or atmospheric air, and are
attached or applied to the sides of the craft in any convenient manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MATCHES AND FUSEES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1858.
I, GEORGE BELL, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
MATCHES AND FUSEES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the shaft or splint to which the igniting composition is fixed has
been of wood, or waxed thread, or cord; consequently the composition bas
been liable to fall off after the lighting of the fusee by the shaft being burnt
through.
Now, my improvement consists in the employment of a metal shaft, which
is dipped in any igniting composition suitable to the purpose for which the
match or fusee is intended. The composition will be found to burn upon and
to adhere while burning to the metal shaft.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY FOR ALL KINDS OF CROP, CHAFF, TURNIP, AND OTHER ROOT CUTTING, AND FOR THE PURPOSES OF HAYMAKING AND RUBBING CORN AND SEED FROM THE STALKS (INSTEAD OF THRESHING),
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Nicoll at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1858.
I, BENJAMIN NICOLL, of 42, Regent St., & 46, Lombard St., London,
Shirt Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY FOR ALL KINDS OF CROP, CHAFF, TURNIP,
AND OTHER ROOT CUTTING, AND FOR THE PURPOSES OF HAYMAKING AND RUBBING
CORN AND SEED FROM THE STALKS (INSTEAD OF THRESHING)," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a strong framework running on wheels and
moved by horse or other power having a row of cutters of a peculiar new
form, each cutter working on a joint; attached to the framework are endless
canvasses which by a mechanical contrivance convey the crops at the time of
cutting to any position required.
For haymaking the centre endless canvass is raised sufficiently high behind
for a row of forks to be placed at the back to receive the crop from the
canvass, and to shake and toss the same before its deposit on the ground;
below the forks are shifting guides, which leave the crop in one or more rows.
Attached to the front of the machine is a revolving rake for the purpose of
placing the crop upon the canvass for tossing, &c., as often as necessary; for
carrying the hay a platform on wheels is added for receiving from the
canvasses sufficient to deposit in large heaps; the machine is made available
for ricking by attaching to the wheels endless bands.
For chaff cutting a row of shifting circular knives are attached to a spindle.

page_text: For turnip and other root cutting, shifting straight knives above and below
the circular knives are used for dividing the roots into suitable size pieces.
This machine acts for threshing by placing a cylinder or other contrivance
covered with prepared cocoa-nut fibre or other material (for getting a rough
surface), under which a layer of the same material is placed so as to separate
the corn and seeds from from the ears and stalks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STAIRS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1858.-A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
STAIRS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in stairs for general use, both in
public and private buildings, and which improvement may be termed "re-
volving stairs." The object of the Invention is to enable persons to ascend and
descend from one story of a building to another without exerting any muscular
strength, the stairs being also capable of being used in the ordinary way when
desired.
The Invention consists in arranging steps or stairs upon an inclined endless
belt, or upon endless chains or ropes, or in jointing the steps together so as to
form an endless inclined flight of steps, which work over rollers and act as
elevators when motion is transmitted to the rollers.
To the framing of the stairs on its upper side may be attached parallel rods
extending the whole length of the flight, and fitting into slots or recesses in
the stairs. The upper and lower ends of the rods will take an horizontal
position and form gratings or platforms at the upper and lower ends of the
flight on which persons may stand, and through which the steps may ascend

page_text: and descend, the grating at the lower part of the framing forming a convenient
means to receive the feet of persons to be elevated, so that the steps or
stairs may come in contact with the feet and elevate the person. The upper
grating also receives the feet of the persons, and allows the stairs or steps to
pass down on the opposite side.
The stairs may take a triangular arrangement, and thus afford simultaneously
a means of ascent and descent, or a double parallel arrangement may be
adopted, whereby an ascending and descending flight will be placed side by
side.
Supplemental or auxiliary fixed steps may also be used in conjunction
with the revolving stairs to permit of persons alighting at an intermediate
landing.