Improvements in Apparatus for the Treatment of Sewage Matter.
Year: 1892

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Treatment of Sewage Matter.
We METROPHANES NADIEIN Engineer and BASIL EWDOKIMOFF and
SERGIUS DE BASCHMAKOFF Gentleman all of 6 Kabinetskaia St. Petersburg
in the Empire of Russia do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for treating sewage matter
described in a Specification annexed to Letters Patent granted to us and dated!
October 27th 1891 No. 18504.
According to the present invention improved means are provided for automatically
separating the solid from the liquid matter in the sewage as hereinafter described.
With this object the solid and liquid matter proceeding from water closets,
lavatories, urinals, sinks and the like are conducted to the separating device or
apparatus in which they are caused to flow over a surface of peculiar curvature such
as would be generated by the movement of a horizontal straight line in a parabolic
or like curve or such as would be formed by placing a plate of sheet metal in a
vertical position and bending the upper and lower parts backwards so as to form a
parabolic or like curve. In flowing over this surface the liquid is spread out in the
form of a relatively thin stream or film which follows the contour of the surface and
on nearing the lower edge or extremity is conducted backwards or inwards or
away from the vertical plane of the central part of the surface and is received at
the lower extremity of the curve in a shute or receptacle whilst the solid matter
after rolling or sliding over the upper part of the curved surface falls perpendicularly
or away from the lower part of the said surface and is thus enabled to be collected
in a separate receptacle.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in vertical section a building
provided with improved apparatus constructed according to this invention.
Figure 2 illustrates in plan a detail of the separating apparatus as hereinafter
described.
Figure 3 illustrates the separating apparatus applied to a street gulley.
All the impurities or sewage matters requiring removal such as the contents of
the urinals and waterclosets, the waste water from kitchens, washhouses and the like
dow into a common waste pipe which carries them into the apparatus where the
solid portions of the mixture are automatically separated from the liquid portions
and prepared for manure. The slops and other liquids do not, flow continuously
into the town sewer but are intermittently or periodically discharged by means of
yphons, and in such manner that the receptacles in which the syphons are fixed
empty themselves suddenly. The rapid flow or rush of water in the drain pipes and
yphons is also utilised for ventilating purposes.
In the arrangement illustrated in the accompanying drawing A is a lavatory
pasin which is supplied with water from a cock which is fixed over it in the usual
nanner. The water from the basin flows into a receptacle below, from which the
vater is conducted into a urinal P, by means of a syphon W'. In the urinal P
here is a syphon W³ which act intermittently being so arranged that the water
verflowing from the vessel A does not flow out of the urinal until the water covers.
he bend of the said syphon. In order that the syphon may act properly with
small flow of water, it is constructed as follows:-At the end of the lower portion
D

page_text: of the syphon W³, which is soldered into the urinal, the end of a second syphon is
inserted whose diameter is about one half of that of the main syphon. If necessary,
a third syphon of still smaller diameter, can be introduced. In consequence of this
construction the smallest syphon first begins to draw up the fluid, by which means
the air at the end of the next largest syphon becomes rarified. Then this second
syphon begins to suck up the water and starts the third or main syphon so that a
rush of water is immediately created passing into the closet pan C. This stream of
water cleanses the pan C and, in consequence of the raising of the water-level in
the pan owing to the influx of the water from the urinal, carries the whole contents
of the pan into the pipe (Figure 1).
Whilst the water from the urinal overflows into the closet from the urinal
through the large syphon pipe, the small syphon or syphons draw in air through
their short limbs, and impregnate the liquid with air.
The urinal is supplied from the basin A, which contains the washing water and
also from a cistern B; in addition to which waste water from the kitchen sink or
drains may be caused to flow into it by arranging the outlets at a suitable level.
In order that the water may not run over onto the floor in case the syphon is
accidentally choked or stopped up, a pipe W, is provided connecting the urinal
directly with the long arm of the syphon. This pipe also serves to suck in air and
to saturate the water mixed with urine (which runs off through the pipe W³) with
atmospheric air..
The closet pan C is provided with a ventilating pipe and always contains a
certain amount of water. Moreover water may be carried into the closet from the
cistern B, which is supplied by a cock from the general water supply and may also
receive a portion of the waste water of the house. The reservoir B may be
provided with an overflow pipe.
This arrangement enables all the excrements, paper, and other solid substances,
in or on the liquid to be carried off through the pipel to the separating apparatus 1.
The ventilating pipe z connects the closet pan C with a flue or chimney ¹ each
closet being provided with a pipe communicating with the said ventilating shaft or
chimney z. The foul gases and air from the closet, are also carried away by a pipe i
communicating with the drain at k.
The separating apparatus is placed preferably in the cellar under the house, or,
should there be no cellar, it may be placed in a pit outside the house. As repre-
sented in the drawing, this apparatus consists of a wide plate of sheet metal bent
into the shape of a parabola, over the upper edge 12 of which the sewage matter
from the pipe is caused to flow. The form of this plate is such that the solid
matter falls in the direction indicated by the arrow and drops into a box R, whilst
the liquid matter clings to the curved surface of the plate and flows into the
trough c whence it passes through a shute c¹ into a bucket e attached to one arm of
a double armed lever m which oscillates on a bearing d the other arm being
provided with a sliding weight p¹ for the purpose of adjustment. The bucket e is
provided with a valve in the bottom which is connected to a chain attached to a
fixed point outside the vessel (under the gutter or shute c¹). The bucket e when
filled with liquid from the shute c' overbalances the weight p² and descends until
the valve is opened by the action of the aforesaid chain. The liquid then flows out
into a funnel ' and the bucket e rises again under the influence of the counter-
weight p. The movement of the bucket e which is repeated as often as the waste
water with or without fæcal matter flows from the pipe causes a valve d' connected
to the lever m to open and allow a certain amount of peat, earth and wood ashes or
other disinfectant to fall into the box R and mix there with the fæcal matter and
to form a manure or compost. The said lever m may also be arranged to actuate a
pusher or rake for pushing the solid matter to one side as described in the aforesaid
former Specification No. 18504". The liquid discharged into the funnel e', pours
through a contracted passage in the chamber k into a drain pipe O. The passage
in the chamber k is provided with an annular opening acting in such a manner as
to exhaust the noxious gases drawn through the pipe i hereinbefore referred to

page_text: from the closet C and conduct them to a pipe b, through which they pass into the
open air; or into a furnace or fire place. The liquid which has been separated
from the solid portions is discharged through the pipe O into a shaft d² which is
effectually separated from the house by means of a trap 01. The shaft d², is
provided with two sand filters S and S¹. The filter S serves to arrest the deposits &c.,
which may, chance to fall through an open grating above into the shaft and
prevents the escape of noxious gases, whilst the second filter S₁ filters the waste or
sewage liquids before they reach the main sewer represented at hand into which
the liquids are discharged through a bent pipe g. A small air pipe b' is provided.
to admit air to the syphon shaped pipe g.
Figure 3 illustrates the application of this invention to the treatinent of surface
or waste water from streets; " is a plate bent to a curve or parabola forming the
curved surface enabling the liquid to be separated from the solid matter. The
latter falls into the pail el or receptacle whilst the liquid portion flows into
filters S S from which it finally escapes into the principal channel or drain h.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
An apparatus for the treatment of sewage matter constructed with a curved
surface generated by the movement of a horizontal line in a parabolic or like curve
and arranged with the lower part curving backwards or inwards so as to conduct
the liquid part of the sewage matter out of the vertical or approximately vertical
path followed by the solid part of the said matter substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Dated the 30th day of November 1809
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.