matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Napoleon Sarony at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1864.
I, NAPOLEON SARONY, of 188, Broad Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the production of "cartes de visite," or
other photographs similar in appearance to crayon drawings, ordinarily known
as Richmond drawings, and crayon heads. I effect this by a double process
of vignetting direct within the camera, firstly, I produce the bust of a person
sitting, or other object required, vignetting that portion only that is seen in
the finished picture by. the use of a properly graduated glass suspended within
the non-focal rays of the posterior of the lens, thus protecting certain portions
of the sensitive plate from the action of the light; secondly, I place before
such portion of the said plate as has already been acted upon by the light
an inverted or reverse vignetting glass in such a manner as to secure the said
part from any further action of the light, whilst that portion of the plate
previously unacted upon is now brought into the focus of a drawing which is
placed before the lens, and which represents the afore-named Richmond or
scroll drawing, the result being a scroll vignette or photograph. The same
effect may also be obtained by the process known as "double printing."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS AND AXLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Leahy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1864.
I, EDMUND LEAHY, of Langford Road, Kentish Town, in the County of
3 Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS AND AXLES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to form a pair of railway wheels together
with their axle in one mass, so that no fitting of the wheels on their axles will
be required. To this end I combine bars or rods of iron, steel, or other metal
by piling them in a peculiar way, and when raised to a welding heat, swaging
them into a mass of the required form. Thus to form the periphery of a pair
of wheels, I take a number of bars of a suitable sectional area, and of a
length equal (or thereabouts) to the circumference of the wheels to be manu-
factured, and lay them parallel and in two lines or piles, the distance apart
of the lines or piles being equal to the gauge required between the wheels.
The spokes and axle I form from a number of double cranked bars equal in
number to the spokes required for the wheels. The depth of the crank will
be equal to the length of the wheel spokes, and the length of bar between
the cranks will go to form the axle. The cranked parts of the bars I interlace
between the bars of the piles that are to form the periphery of the wheels,
setting them at equal distances apart along the length of the piles, and when

page_text: It may be desirable
thus arranged I bend round into hoops the bars that are to form the periphery
of the wheels, and thereby bring together the cranks so that they will unite
at a central point and form the spokes of the wheels. This arrangement of
bars is then brought to a welding heat, and in that state is submitted to
swaging dies to weld the parts together into one mass.
to apply additional pieces to give additional strength to various parts of the
structure. Thus, where the pile of bars does not suffice to produce the required
strength of axle, a tube or a solid shaft may be introduced between the bars
as a core around which the bars are to be welded. Filling pieces may also
be applied at the angles, where the crank arms unite to form the spokes. I
would also remark that to give additional thickness to the periphery of the
wheels the rods or bars may be made sufficiently long to make two or more
turns or laps. When thought desirable, instead of using rods severed to a
given length, as described, to form the piles for the wheels, continuous lengths
may be used to produce the required thickness by continuous turns, and in
like manner long lengths of rods or bars may be employed to form the spokes
and axle. The cranking of the rods or bars may be produced either before
or after the piling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRELS OR CASKS FOR GUNPOWDER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1864.
©
I, WALTER HALL, of Erith, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRELS OR
CASKS FOR GUNPOWDER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in lining barrels for containing gunpowder with
india-rubber or india-rubber cloth or felt, or in interposing such material
between an inner and an outer barrel or cask, the inner barrel being also lined
with such material.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Southam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1864.
I, WILLIAM SOUTHAM, of Crystal Crescent, Upper Sydenham, in the County
of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus for beating
moist grain for the purpose of drying the same, or for preparing it for
acidifying. This effect is produced by causing the grain to circulate in an
annular chamber composed of an outer and inner cylinder heated by preference
by steam heat. The central cylinder rotates slowly, and projections are
formed on its periphery, as also on the periphery of the fixed cylinder, for the
purpose of distributing the grain contained in the chamber. The grain is
supplied thereto from a hopper, and after circulating in the chamber it finds
its exit in a heated state near the bottom of the chamber. A steam boiler
communicates with the inner and outer cylinder, and supplies steam thereto.
The heat may be obtained from any convenient source. The apparatus will
in general be portable, and for convenience it may be mounted on travelling
wheels.
I- PROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dean at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
1864.
I, JOHN DEAN, of No. 8, Prospect Place, Bolton Street, Handsworth, nº
Birmingham, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I-
PROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
It is of frequent occurrence in rough weather, when the vessel is pitching,
that the paddle wheels or screws are entirely out of the water, and when this
takes place the engines are liable to 'race,' or acquire an increased velocity,
whereby a considerable waste of steam takes place, besides serious and not
unfrequently dangerous strains and breakages to the machinery. Now, in
order to remedy this evil, and to provide for a steady and uniform working of
the engines proportionate to the resistance to be overcome, I propose to fix a
tube or chamber on each side of the vessel for each engine or paddle wheel,
or at the stern, as may be necessary, for the screw. In this tube or chamber
I place an "air ball" or float of metal or other material, thro' which
passes a vertical rod or shaft with guides. This rod will act upon the throttle
valve or equilibrium valve, as the case may be, by means of rods and levers.
Now the principle of my Invention consists in this, when the paddle wheels
or screw is raised out of the water, the 'air ball' before described will fall,
and the levers and rods attached to it, and acting upon the valves will close
the steam off in proportion to the depth of the paddles, and on the other
hand when the paddles are fully immersed, the air ball and levers are raised,

page_text: and in such a position as to allow the full quantity of steam to enter the
cylinders. The air ball, vertical rod, and levers being acted upon directly by
the water, it will be at once apparent that the quantity of steam required will,
under the circumstances, be exactly equal to the power required and the
resistance to be overcome. The tubes or chambers may be either inside or
outside the vessel, placed vertically, horizontally, or in other more advantageous
position, always acted upon directly and regulated in the rise and fall of the
air ball and its shaft by the greater or lesser depth of water on the paddle
wheels or screw.' There being an independent air ball and shaft to each
engine and paddle wheel, the action is equalized under all circumstances,
that is to say, when the paddle wheel on one side is immersed and the other
out of the water, tho valves shall be opened for the greater or lessor passage
of steam accordingly, the entire strain or power being thus effectually balanced
throughout.
THE APPLICATION OF IMPERVIOUS TISSUE FOR MANUFACTURING ENCAMPMENT CARPETS FOR THE USE OF THE ARMIES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lowinski Yvose-Laurent at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
March 1864.
I, LOWINSKI YVOSE-LAURENT, of 17, Rue Neuve Popincourt, Paris,
Waggon Tilt and Waterproof Cloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF IMPERVIOUS TISSUE FOR
MANUFACTURING ENCAMPMENT CARPETS FOR THE USE OF THE ARMIES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention suggested itself to me in consequence of several workmen in
my employ being afflicted with chronic rheumatic pains, which disabled them
from work. These men having been soldiers had often slept on the bare
ground, when the night damp penetrating through their clothes produced the
said disorder. My Invention is intended to protect soldiers when campaigning
and obliged to sleep on the ground against the night damp, which is so
dangerous and hurtful to their health; it consists in a piece of cloth of about
6 feet long by 2 wide, which I waterproof, and which can be folded up
compactly to be carried on the soldier's knapsack, and be unfolded and spread
out on the ground for the man to lie on. The same piece of waterproof cloth
can also be employed for several other useful purposes.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF COM BINING RAILWAY WHEELS AND AXLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Furnevall and George
Keighley at the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd November 1864.
We, JOHN FURNEVALL, of Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and GEORGE KEIGHLEY, of Burnley, in the same County, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF COM
BINING RAILWAY WHEELS AND AXLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in keying one of the wheels to the axle and allowing
the other wheel to run loose on the same axle between two shoulders, one of
which may be forged with the axle or shrunk thereon, and the other secured
thereto by a screw nut, or in any other convenient manner; or both the
shoulders may be secured by nuts, or otherwise. By thus combining railway
wheels and axles the friction caused in going round curves is avoided, and the
strain on the axle owing to the unequal wearing away of the tires is also
prevented.
IMPROVING BREECH-LOADING AND OTHER SMALL FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Armbruster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June
1864.
I, CHARLES ARMBRUSTER, Gunmaker, of 8, Vernon Place, Bloomsbury
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVING BREECH-LOADING AND OTHER SMALL FIRE-ARMS," to be
as follows:-
By altering the breech part of a revolver or other small fire-arms, and
using the bottom igniting cartridges, I add to the number of shots, economise
O the ammunition, diminish the weight of fire-arms, and render it safe against
ordinary accidents.
AN IMPROVED ALARUM, APPLICABLE TO DOORS, WINDOWS, AND OTHERWISE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lea at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1864.
I, WILLIAM LEA, of Pool Street, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ALARUM, APPLICABLE TO DOORS, WINDOWS, AND OTHERWISE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a hollow piece of metal, on one side whereof, and
near to one end, a bell is affixed, at or near the other and opposite end of said
hollow piece of metal (which is of a wedge shape) a slot is formed, through
which protrudes one end of a spring catch, the other end of said catch pro-
trudes through another slot in the aforesaid hollow piece, and is employed to
hold back and disengage a spring hammer which slides on a rod fixed within
said hollow piece, and there are two helical springs placed on said rod, one for
percussion and the other for recoil; for example, the percussion spring causes
the hammer to strike the bell and the other forces back the hammer imme-
diately after the bell has been struck; the under side of this instrument has spikes
or points fixed thereto, which are intended to be pressed into the floor of a room
when the alarum is intended to be applied to a door. The effect of opening
the door depresses the protruding parts of the spring catch before referred to,
and releases the hammer, which strikes against the bell, and thus gives notice
to the occupants of the room of an attempt having been made to open the
door, which is prevented by the door becoming wedged on the fore part of the
alarum.

page_text: To adapt an alarum of the above construction to windows or casements, the
instrument may be screwed against the frame thereof, and a projecting piece
of metal be affixed to the lower sash, which as it is moved upwards will act on
the spring catches and release the hammer as above stated. The hammer
may either be pulled back by hand or operated upon by mechanism somewhat
similar to that now used in the construction of office or "call" bells, so as to
reset the hammer each time it has struck the bell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF VOLATILE MINERALS, VEGETABLE AND OTHER ORGANIC MATTERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hamilton Burns at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1864.
I, JOHN HAMILTON BURNS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF VOLATILE MINERALS, VEGETABLE AND
OTHER ORGANIC MATTERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the destructive distillation
of volative minerals, vegetable and other organic substances, and consists
essentially in passing through the distilling vessel containing such substances
a current of boiling oil or other liquid, the boiling point of which is higher than
that of water. On account of economy in cost it is preferred to employ the
heavy oils of coal, and other oils may also be used with advantage. The oil
used in producing the vapour may be placed in the vessel containing the sub-
stances to be distilled, but it is preferred to place it in a separate vessel having
a suitable connection with the distilling vessel.
The advantages resulting from this Invention are, that by the introduction
of the vapour of oil into the distilling vessel its temperature is at once elevated,
and thus less fuel is necessary to heat the distilling vessel itself, also that the
distilling vapour as well as the vapour of the substances being similar when oil
is used for distilling, a preservative influence arises, consequent upon which a
smaller quantity of free gas is produced by this afore-mentioned process than
by those hitherto made use of.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOBES OR SHADES FOR LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th November 1864.-A communication from Olivier Pommier,.
residing at No. 78, Rue Amelot, Paris, in France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the Firm of Mennons and
Telescheff, Home and Foreign Patent Agents, of Abingdon Chambers, in the
City of Westminster, and 24, Rue de Dunkerque, Paris,, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GLOBES OR SHADES FOR LIGHTING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the application of transparent photographs to
the globes or shades of lamps and other descriptions of lighting apparatus.
To this end the globe or shade is pierced with a certain number of holes of
variable dimensions, in each of which is set a frame of copper, brass, or other
suitable material. The photographic subjects, which may be formed on glass
or paper, are inserted into these frames, and being each backed up by a sheet.
of ground glass, are secured in position by any of the known processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hide at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1864.
I, WILLIAM HIDE, of the Artesian Saw Mills, Talbot Road, Paddington,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of one or more projecting plates in the furnace of the
boiler, causing a great heating surface, increasing the amount of water space
in the boiler, and being placed close to the fire thereby bring the smoke in
contact with the partially burnt coal.
This Invention also consists of a door made with an addition of a projecting
piece to prevent the doors of the furnace closing, and securing a supply of air
to the fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIGMENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Vogt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1864. A communication from abroad by Ludwig Schad, of Cassel,
in the Electorate of Hesse.
I, CARL VOGT, of Cassel, in the Electorate of Hesse, at present temporarily
resident at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PIGMENTS," being a communication to me from abroad by Ludwig Schad, of
Cassel, in the Electorate of Hesse aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of a green pigment or colouring
matter, which is obtained by heating in a suitable vessel a mixture of any of
the oxides of manganese with nitrates of the alkaline earths, by preference
nitrate of barytes, and to which mixture must be added some white inactive
substance, as china clay, whereby manganate of barytes is obtained in com-
bination with the inactive substance employed, which is afterwards ground,
and is a green pigment. The proportions I use are as follows:-About 50
parts of the nitrate, 10 parts of the oxide of manganese, and 10 parts of the
inactive substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Todd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1864.
I, MATTHEW TODD, of the Firm of John Todd & Sons, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Machine Wool Combers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING
WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of pressing the wool or other fibres into
the teeth of the combs, and the improvements consist in the application of a
series of knives or plates of form and size suitable to pass in betwixt the rows
of teeth in the combs, and to which oscillatory or rising and falling motion is
given by eccentric, crank, or other similar means, thereby to press the wool or
other fibres into the teeth of the comb as it is fed to the machine, in substi-
tution of dabbing brushes now employed for that purpose; or such knives or
plates may be circular, and have rotary motion communicated to them. Also
a series of stationary knives or bars may be employed in combination there-
with, for retaining the fibres in the teeth of the combs when pressed therein by
the moveable knives until drawn off by the ordinary means.
IMPROVED TREDDLE MOTION ARRANGEMENTS, MORE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE OPERATIONS OF BOTTLE-WASHING AND OF TWISTING THE WIRE FOR WIRING THE CORKS OF BOTTLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1864.
I, WILLIAM HART, of Dover, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED TREDDLE MOTION ARRANGEMENTS,
MORE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE OPERATIONS OF BOTTLE-WASHING AND OF
TWISTING THE WIRE FOR WIRING THE CORKS OF BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
The treddle is connected at one end to an upright rod which passes through
guides and into a box, case, or frame, the upper end of this rod being connected
to an india-rubber or other spring, which is secured to the top of the box, case,
or frame. Another similar spring descends from the top of the box, case, or
frame, and is connected at its lower end to a cord, which is wound round an
axis, which axis carries a socket holder for a bottle-brush or a wire-twisting
instrument or otherwise, which wire-twister consists of two tubes side by side
for the insertion of the two ends and lengths of a doubled wire. If it should
be thought desirable, a toothed wheel and racks could be substituted for the
above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED WHEN BRUSHING THE HUMAN HAIR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Brittlebank at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1864.
I, ARTHUR BRITTLEBANK, of No. 3, Bozier's Court, Tottenham Court Road,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED WHEN BRUSHING THE HUMAN
HAIR," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used when
brushing the human hair. Heretofore rotatory brushes have been employed
in brushing the human hair. In some cases the rotatory brushes have been
held and worked by the hands of the users. In other cases the axes of the
rotatory brushes have been held in the hands of the users by means of handles
at the two ends of the axes of the brushes, the axes having thereon pullies
actuated by endless bands driven by power in a similar manner to that in
which the axes of rotatory brushes had been previously driven in lathes and
other machines.
Now, according to my Invention a frame of a rectangular or other suitable
form is used, to which the two bearings for the spindles of rotatory brushes
are formed or applied. A pulley having a hollow nave or boss, and suitable
for receiving an endless driving band put in motion by manual or other
power is introduced between two sides of the frame. The rotatory brush is
placed on a spindle of a square section or other suitable form to cause the
brush and the spindle to rotate together when the spindle is put into rotatory
motion. The brush is prevented passing beyond a certain point on to the

page_text: spindle by a fixed collar on the spindle, and the brush is secured on to the
spindle by a spring catch or stop. One end of the spindle is passed into, and
is keyed or fixed in the hollow boss or nave of the pulley before mentioned.
In using the apparatus the frame is held by the hands of the user, and he is
thus enabled to apply the brush to the head, as the brush is caused to rotate
by the endless band..
AN IMPROVED FORM OF BLOCK OF BURNT CLAY, STONE, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIAL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARCHES, FLOORS, OR PAVEMENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Pether at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 12th August
1864.
I, HENRY PETHER, of No. 6, Trigon Road, Clapham Road, in the County
of Surrey, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FORM OF BLOCK OF BURNT CLAY, STONE, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIAL FOR
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARCHES, FLOORS, OR PAVEMENTS," to be as follows:-
The form which I propose to use is a cube or approximation to a cube
having two sides bevelled downwards, and the other two sides bevelled
upwards, so as to form a double and reverse cuneiform figure, having only the
top and bottom sides parallel, and thereby tapering to parallelograms in
opposite or cross directions, as shewn in the annexed isometrical drawing,
Fig. 1.
The advantages of this form of block consists in the increased strength and
security as applied to arches, floors, and pavements, for, by the locking
together on all sides incident to this figure when arranged properly with the
parallel faces top and bottom, as shewn in Figure 2, the whole becomes intact,
and no component block can be forced up or pushed down. When applied to
paving purposes, some of the edges are removed in order to give corrugation.
AN IMPROVED AEROSTATIC MACHINE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1864.-A communication from abroad by Charles Edmond
Francois Couturier, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED AEROSTATIC MACHINE," to be as follows:-
This machine may be used for travelling through the air, or as a toy. It is
composed of a hollow body, with extending arms concave below, and with a
horizontal tail concave above. It carries a screw when used as a toy.
When used for travelling through the air the body is in the form of a
basket for containing the aeronaut; the arms are fixed for a distance from
the body and terminate in wings or flappers. Springs are fitted at the con-
nection of the wings and arms, and by means of cords the aeronaut works the
flappers, and may progress even against the wind.
When as a toy, the body is in the shape of a bird, and the arms and wings
are fixtures; and extending upwards from the body is a rod, which carries a
screw movable upon the rod; the air causes the rotation of the screw, and
carries along the toy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thornton and Job Higton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
26th February 1864.
We, JAMES THORNTON and JOB HIGTON, of Nottingham, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MAKING LOOPED FABRICS," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for making
looped fabrics. For these purposes two sets of needles are used, and the
needles employed are usually of that class where folding or hinged beards are
used. The needles of each set may be fixed, or the needles of one or both
sets, or some of them, may be made capable of independent action one from
another.
In order to facilitate the transfer of the loops or work from the needles of
one set on to the needles of the other set, the needles of one or both sets have
each a projecting point which enters a recess formed in the opposite needle of
the other set, so that when the loops on one set of needles are to be trans-
ferred from off that set to the needles of the other set there will be what may
be called a bridging over of the spaces intervening between the heads or outer
ends of the two sets of needles, as the work in passing from one set of needles
to the other will be supported by the projections which bridge over the spaces
between the heads or outer ends of the two sets of needles. The binged

page_text: beards of the needles are made of different lengths in order that the work or
loops of some may be pressed whilst the work or loops on others shall not
be pressed, and the pressing and omitting to press the work are also regulated,
when using independent needles, by the independent action of the needles.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CALCULATING DISTANCES IN RIFLE SHOOTING, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wickham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1864.
I, THOMAS WICKHAM, of Peny Pwnd House, Abergavenny, County of
Monmouth, Major Unattached in Her Majesty's Army, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF CALCULATING DISTANCES
IN RIFLE SHOOTING, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of calculating distances in rifle
shooting, and apparatus connected therewith, and consists in the employment
of a stationary cross bar fitted between flanges on the upper surface of the
barrel near the breech in conjunction with a series of fixed lines or marks
made upon or across the upper surface of the barrel at suitable distances apart,
each line or mark indicating a different distance when made to coincide with
the cross bar on the breech, thus dispensing with the ordinary flap and
sliding bar.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Thornton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1864.
I, FRANCIS THORNTON, of the Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR
PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in placing and using screw or blade propellers, so
that one propeller shall act upon the water in an opposite direction to the
other. To effect this I prefer to use the following arrangements, though I by
no means confine myself thereto, as any arrangements which will carry out
what is already described are within the scope of my Invention:-To the
shaft proceeding from the engine (usually adopted for screw propellers), and
at or near the end thereof, I have a toothed wheel gearing with another wheel
on another shaft secured to the ship or vessel by framing, and placed at right-
angles to the said shaft from the engine, this latter shaft having a suitable
number of propellers (four, for instance,) keyed thereon, (say, two propellers
on each side of the ship, for instance,) such propellers being so secured that
whilst one propeller is perpendicular, the other on the same side of the keel
line of the ship or vessel is horizontal. Instead of the propellers being all
keyed on one and the same shaft, two shafts may be used, connected by

page_text: gearing with the aforesaid shaft from the engine. In this case each shaft
may be moved independently, of the other, and if desirable each of the
propeller shafts may be worked from a separate engine. This double shaft
arrangement will facilitate the steering of the ship or vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR FEEDING MILLSTONES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Freeman Woods and
James Samuel Cocksedge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th November 1864.
We, EDMUND FREEMAN WOODS and JAMES SAMUEL COCKSEDGE, both of the
Suffolk Iron Works, Stowmarket, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR FEEDING MILLSTONES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used for
feeding millstones. This Invention (when mixed meal is required) consists
in applying two hoppers or feeders to millstones in such manner that the
feed of each hopper or feeder can be regulated or adjusted according to the
proportions or the extent in which it is desired to have the meals mixed.
For this purpose each feeder or hopper has a feed iron to raise and fall the
shoe at pleasure, and thus to vary the feed, by which means any two kinds of
grain, pulse, or seed may be more conveniently and intimately mixed when
grinding than heretofore. This combined arrangement may also be employed
when grinding only one of the seeds by a moving slip attached to the shoe of
one of the hoppers or feeders, and thus allow the contents of such hopper or
feeder to be distributed on the top or edge of a running stone through an eye.
or opening in the vat under the slip, and the meal or seed from the hopper
thoroughly and intimately mixed with the meal as it leaves the surfaces of the
stones, a brush in such case being applied inside the vat or case to keep the
top of the stone clear.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF CARDBOARD, SCALEBOARD, AND. OTHER BOXES, CASES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Austin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1864.
I, WILLIAM AUSTIN, of Greville Street, Holborn, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF CARDBOARD, SCALEBOARD, AND.
OTHER BOXES, CASES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in forming the bottoms and other parts of these and
similar articles (which parts have hitherto been made of wood and usually in
several pieces, and required to be wrought and fitted together) of paper stuff
or pulp, gutta percha, cement, glass, or any other substance, either simple
or compound, which can be cast, moulded, pressed, or formed into the required
shape and configuration entire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES OR BROOMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Vero at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1864.
I, JAMES VERO, of Atherstone, in the County of Warwick, Furrier, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES OR
BROOMS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in that description of brooms known as house brooms and
similar descriptions of brooms, such as street or scavangers' brooms, the handle
which rises upwards from the centre of the wooden back of the broom has
been connected to the back of the broom by the end of the handle entering
a hole bored into the wooden back at the angle that it is required the handle
should be to the broom. Brooms of this description have been found to wear
more at one end than at the other, and according to my Invention I connect
the handle to the back of the broom in such manner that when one end of
the broom has become worn the broom may be turned end for end, so as to
expose a fresh end of the broom to wear, and yet that the handle shall be at
the requisite angle to the broom in both positions. This may be accomplished
in various ways, but I, by preference, bore a hole vertically into the centre of
the back of the brush, into which I insert or screw a metal socket. The
upper end of the socket, which has a hole in it to receive the end of the
wooden handle, is at an angle to the part which enters the back of the brush,
so that the handle is brought to the requisite angle to the brush. When one
end of the broom has become worn, the socket is turned half round in the

page_text: hole in the back of the brush, and the socket is then prevented from turning
by a pin or otherwise, a fresh end of the broom is thus brought into the
position where it will be most exposed to wear; the same object may also be
accomplished by providing the end of the handle of the broom with a metal
screw to screw into the back of the broom, and by forming two holes on
opposite sides of the back of the broom, into either of which the handle might
be screwed, or the handle may be otherwise connected to the broom to attain
the same object. In those cases where the back of the brush or broom is too
thin for the handle or socket to be screwed into it, then I prefer to attach to
the back of the brush or broom a small socket formed with a flángo around
it, the socket being attached to the back by the flange.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED WOOLLEN VELVETS OR PLUSHES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th April 1864.-A communication from abroad by Alphonse Mermet
and Joseph Cornaton, of Lyons, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 128, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED WOOLLEN
VELVETS OR PLUSHES," a communication to me from abroad by Alphonse
Mermet and Joseph Cornaton, of Lyons, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved system of weaving woollen velvets
and plushes, for the purpose of making the pile of such elasticity that designs
can be printed upon it with ease, correctness, and efficiency.
The putting up of the loom is arranged according to the accompanying
Diagram.
[See Lithographic Drawing attached.]
Two binder threads and one pile thread are on one warp beam, and one
pile thread and one double foundation thread on another warp beam, and
there are five threads between the teeth of the comb, as the threads of the
second roller can be passed through every other tooth. Or their can be four
rollers or warp beams, one for the binder, one for the stuffer, and two for the
nap or pile. By these arrangements the pile is placed straight, and held
firmly in its place by the double foundation, and enables it to resist the
pressure of printing.

page_text: The designs are printed by means of a board with brushes, arranged to any
pattern, or by ordinary printing blocks or rollers, and in consequence of the
texture of the fabric being stronger and more elastic than the ordinary woollen
velvets and plushes, the pile after being pressed for printing springs back
again, and after it has been washed it presents a correct and even surface, the
colours penetrating to the bottom of the pile.
A NEW MODE OR METHOD OF ORNAMENTING ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Connell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 14th January
1864.
I, JAMES CONNELL, of Burton Street, in the Town and County of the Town
of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW MODE OR METHOD OF ORNAMENTING ELASTIC FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the ornamenting of elastic fabrics to be
used for certain articles, such as braces, belts, gaiters, boot sides, and other
similar purposes. The ornamentation has hitherto been done by hand, but I
effect the same object by applying or using the jacquard to make the design,
the elastic is worked with the jacquard so as to be covered by the other
threads, any number of shuttles or colours can be used. To make the pattern
double side cards are used on which the designs are draughted and punched,
which cards are worked with the jacquard. I bind the material top and
bottom, which imparts to it the required spring. By this Invention the different
threads are so bound and fastened that the fabric will wear as long as any
common or plain elastic, and still retain the different designs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Wyckchanı Webbe
and Frederick Cant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th July 1864.
We, GEORGE WILLIAM WYCKEHAM WEBBE and FREDERICK CANT, both of
Croxted Road, Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAINTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture paints suitable for decorative
purposes of various colours at a cost far below that of ordinary paints. To this
end, in place of oil or turpentine, or both, we use common gas or other tar or
liquid pitch or bitumen as a vehicle for a variety of the ordinary and well
known colours, as ochres and metallic oxides. The dark colour of the tar or
vehicle we find will so far from destroying the quality of many colours give
richness thereto; thus greens, both light and dark, may be produced by the
usual pigments, and even tints approaching to whiteness may be obtained,
white lead or oxide of zinc giving a light drab, and reds and browns will be
slightly heightened in richness. The pigments we prepare by grinding with
the tar in the ordinary way of grinding paints, and we then bring the paint to
the required consistence by stirring in a further and suitable quantity of tar.
The proportion of the vehicle to the pigment will vary according to circum-
stances, but we have found that a green paint with a good body may be
produced by the admixture of one pound of the pigment with a gallon of the
017

page_text: liquid. In cases where the liquid or mixture requires thinning we propose to
introduce turpentine or methylated or other spirit, but sparingly for the sake
of economy. One great advantage of this improved paint is that it will serve
most effectually as a repellant of moisture. For coarse outside work we
propose when a stone colour is required to use stone dust as a pigment
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THOSE ARTICLES CALLED BAGS' FOR THE USE OF LADIES, GENTLEMEN, COURIERS, AND OTHERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Chambers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1864.
I, GEORGE CHAMBERS, of the Firm of George Chambers and Company,
of Russia Row, in the City of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF THOSE ARTICLES CALLED BAGS' FOR THE USE OF LADIES, GENTLEMEN, COURIERS,
AND OTHERS," to be as follows:-
I propose to manufacture bags (somewhat similar to those known as
ladies' reticules) of leather, cloth or other suitable material, and of any
form, shape, or size differing little from those at present in use, for carrying
dispatches, toilet appurtenances, and articles for various uses. I fasten these
bags, and the pockets or receptacles made therein or thereon by lock snaps,
or snaps with other fastenings, buckles, and clasps, but instead of making
the clasps and other fastenings of iron or steel, I manufacture them of
copper or brass, coated with pure silver, so that exposure to wet, the per-
spiration of the hand, or other moistures will have no destructive effect, and
the whole of the metallic furniture on my bags will be solid, and as if made
of silver only, and capable of receiving and retaining the same polish.
THE COMBINATION IN ONE OF WINDOW SILL AND WINDOW GARDEN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 25th July
1864.
I, JOHN BELL, of 15, Douro Place, Victoria Road, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE COMBINATION IN ONE OF WINDOW SILL AND WINDOW GARDEN,"
to be as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in casting or making the iron flower
box (or garden) with a rim or ledge projecting outwards from one of the
longer sides, the said rim or ledge representing and forming the window sill,
which when fixed on the base of the window opening and into the wall and
solid brick, stone, or other work on either side of the window in the usual
fashion of window sills, but flush with or still further into the wall, secures
the window garden or box in its respective place in front of the base of the
window without interference with the opening.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Alexander Martius at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
June 1864.
I, CHARLES ALEXANDER MARTIUS, of Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the production of black, drab, and brown colors
upon calico or linen, and I produce these colors by means of phenylenediamine
or its salts, and homologues of the same, by first printing or padding on the
cloth the above substances, and afterwards exposing them in a moist atmosphere
under the influence of ammonia, when black, drab, or brown colors will be
produced according to the strength of the solution employed and the nature
of the diamine used. Napthylenediamine may also be employed in the same
manner.
A NEW PROCESS FOR TREATING HEMP, FLAX, AND THE WASTE THEREFROM, IN ORDER TO SUBSTITUTE SUCH MATTERS FOR COTTON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd July 1864. A communication from abroad by La Société Joaquin
Arimon Passarell and Company, of Barcelona, Spain.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW PROCESS FOR TREATING HEMP, FLAX, AND THE WASTE THEREFROM, IN
ORDER TO SUBSTITUTE SUCH MATTERS FOR COTTON," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the reduction of new or old hemp and flax, and the
waste therefrom, into a fibrous and textile material, which I employ for threads
and fabrics in a similar manner to cotton.
The process consists in the following series of operations:-1st, I reduce.
the matter, hemp, or flax into short lengths by cutting or otherwise as now
practised'; 2nd, I subject it to boiling in a caustic alkali; 3rd, I bleach it ;
and, 4th, I separate the fibres, card them, draw, spin, and weave in the same
manner as is ordinarily followed in treating cotton.
Cotton being so scarce, the utilization of old and new hemp, flax, and the
waste therefrom, and the substitution of these matters for cotton will be of
great commercial value.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT AND ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Toussaint at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1864.
I, JOSEPH TOUSSAINT, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT AND ARTIFICIAL STONE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing cement and artificial stone from
sand, limestone, chalk lime, and stone lime. I reduce these materials to
powder by a mill or otherwise, and when ground mix them together. I do
not confine myself to any particular proportions of the several ingredients, but
have found the following to answer well, viz.:—