IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SEA-GOING VESSELS.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Pelham Warren, of East Court, Cosham,
in the County of Hants, Commander in the Royal Navy, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SEA-GOING
VESSELS.'
Sealed the 25th September 1862, and dated the 16th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederie Pelham Warren
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1862.
I, FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of East Court, Cosham, in the County of
Hants, Commander in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the. nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SEA-GOING
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable sea-going vessels to be steered with
greater accuracy and facility than at present, as also (where two rudders are
used) in case of accident to the ordinary rudder, to afford a means of steering
the vessel independently of it. Otherwise in some cases it may be found
advisable to construct vessels with only one steering apparatus, situated and
arranged as herein-after described.
For these purposes I make use of a metallic or other rudder situated at the
forward part of the vessel, in some cases attached to or connected with the
outer part of the stem, in others placed in a recess formed in the forward
"dead wood" or equivalent metal of the vessel. Or otherwise the

page_text: rudder may be carried by a false stem additional to and projecting in front of
the real one, it being advisable in either case that the rod, pintles, or other
axis or axes forming the hinge or joint upon or about which the rudder turns,
shall be situated at the forward side of the rudder itself. A rudder situated
and hung as described has the advantage of meeting and being acted upon
directly by the solid water opposed to the forward motion of the vessel instead
of only acting against the inferior resistance offered by the more or less broken
water at or about the stern.
I am aware that river vessels have been and are constructed with rudders
at both ends of the vessel, but the object of these duplicate rudders combined
with the build of the vessels themselves being by the temporary fixing of one
rudder to enable either end of the vessel to be used for the time being, as the
stem (the steering being invariably effected by the rudder situated at the
contrary or stern end) is entirely different from that of my Invention, which I
would further remark may either be used alone or employed in conjunction
with and auxiliary to though worked independently of the ordinary rudder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederic Pelham Warren in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 10th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIC
PELHAM WARREN, of East Court, Cosham, in the County of Hants, Com-
mander in the Royal Navy, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Frederic Pelham Warren, Her special licence that I, the said
Frederic Pelham Warren, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SEA-GOING VESSELS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederic Pelham
Warren, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
.
The object of my Invention is to enable sea-going vessels to be steered with
greater accuracy and facility than at present, as also (where two rudders are
used) in case of accident to the ordinary rudder, to afford a means of steering
the vessel independently of it. Otherwise in some cases it may be found
advisable to construct vessels with only one steering apparatus, situated and
arranged as herein-after described.
For these purposes I make use of a metallic or other rudder situated at the
forward part of the vessel, in some cases placed in a recess or opening formed
in the forward "dead wood" or equivalent metal of the vessel, in others carried
by a false stem additional to and projecting in front of the real one, the rod;
pintles, or other axis or axes upon or about which the rudder turns being in
each case situated at the forward side of the rudder itself. A rudder situated
and hung as described has the advantage of meeting and being acted upon
directly by the solid water opposed to the forward motion of the vessel instead
of acting only against the inferior resistance offered by the more or less broken
water at or about the stern.
I am aware that river vessels have been and are constructed with rudders at
both ends of the vessel, but the object of these duplicate rudders, combined
with the build of the vessels themselves, and the hanging of the rudders being,
by the temporary fixing of one rudder, to enable either end of the vessel to be
used for the time being as the stem (the steering being invariably effected by
the rudder situated at the contrary or stern end) is entirely different to that of
my Invention, which I would farther remark may either be used alone or
employed in conjunction with and auxiliary to though worked independently of
the ordinary rudder.
The mode of carrying my Invention into effect will be fully understood on
reference to the various Figures of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, represent stems or cut waters of vessels of various
forms, having my Invention applied. It will be observed that in each case
the rudder a is hinged at the forward side (6), and that it is situated in an

page_text: opening or recess formed in the forward "dead wood" (or equivalent part of
the ship or vessel) entirely below the water line. The rudder is thus not only
placed in the best situation for being effectually acted upon by the resistance
of the water to the forward motion of the vessel, but is moreover in a great
measure protected from injury from the effects of shot or shell, running
aground, or other casualties to which the ordinary rudder is especially
liable.
Fig. 7 represents the forward part of a vessel to which a false stem has
been added for the purpose of applying my Invention. This arrangement will
be found applicable to many existing vessels, the forms of the stems or cut-
waters of which do not admit of its being otherwise conveniently applied.
Rudders situated and hung according to my Invention may be worked by
any convenient or known means, and I wish it to be clearly understood that
the mode of actuating or working the rudder forms no part of my Invention;
neither do I claim the mere fact of placing or hanging a rudder at the stem or
bow of a ship or vessel irrespective of the peculiar manner in which it may be
placed or hung; but what I believe to be new and do claim as my Invention
is, the placing of a rudder, hung as (or essentially as) described, in the forward
"dead wood" or equivalent part of the ship or vessel below the water line, or
otherwise carried in a similar manner by a false stem additional to and projecting
in front of the real one, essentially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
WILLIAM ROBINSON.
FREDERIC PELHAM (L.s.) WARREN.