IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL PRESSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Pearson, of the Firm of Pearson, Beckitt, and
Company, Rock Villa Oil Mill, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL PRESSES."
Sealed the 29th December 1877, and dated the 6th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Pearson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1877.
ISAAC PEARSON, of the Firm of Pearson, Beckitt, and Company, Rock Villa Oil
Mill, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL
PRESSES."
This Invention has for its objects to improve the action of oil presses, to diminish
the wear and tear connected with them, and to dispense with the hair mats heretofore
commonly used.
The repeated renewals and consequent expence connected with the hair mats,
together with the inequality of pressure which they occasion, and the consequent
incomplete exhaustion of the oil from the linseed meal or other materials from
which oil is expressed, have induced many persons to try to dispense with them,
but hitherto this has not been successfully accomplished. By the present Invention
however the mats are entirely dispensed with, and a generally improved action is
obtained through the employment of plates of improved construction instead of the
plates ordinarily interposed between the several quantities or cakes of meal or
material in the hydraulic press by means of which the oil is expressed.
One improvement consists in shaping the plates so that the space between any.
one plate and the next above it is contracted or narrowed at the sides, such con-
traction preventing the meal or material from spreading laterally when the pressure
acts upon it.
The contraction is produced in a preferable modification by shaping the plate.
with a gradual increase of thickness at the parts corresponding to the sides of the
finished cake, so that the pressing surface is slightly concave in transverse section..
The pressing surface of the plate may otherwise be plain, or it may be formed with
Pasics G71

page_text: shallow corrugations, so as to give the ordinary form to the cake, or it may be
When a
shaped so as to impress any suitable form, device, or mark, on the cake.
device or mark is formed in this way on the pressing surface of the plate it becomes
impressed on the cake through the cloth or bagging which covers the cake, and it
renders it unnecessary to have a device or mark formed on the cloth or bagging,
and thus avoids what ordinarily causes injury and rapid wear thereof.
An important advantage obtained by using the improved plates consists in the
fact that owing to their occupying much less space in thickness than the ordinary
plates and hair mats combined a larger number of plates can be used in a press of a
given size.
Each plate may be formed out of a single plate of wrought iron or other suitable
metal, or it may be built up of two or three separate plates.
By a second improvement small perforations are made through from the pressing
surfaces of each plate into channels formed in the body of the plate in transverse
directions, the object being to facilitate the escape of the oil, and make it less liable
to carry meal away with it.
When each plate is compound or built up of two or three plates, the internal
channels can easily be formed by grooving the inner sides of the plates before
putting them together.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Isaac Pearson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd January
1878.
ISAAC PEARSON, of tlie Firm of Pearson, Beckitt, and Company, Rock Villa Oil
Mill, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
PRESSES."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL
My said Invention has for its objects to improve the action of oil presses, to
diminish the wear and tear connected with them, and to dispense with the hair
inats heretofore commonly used:
The repeated renewals and consequent expence connected with the hair mats,
together with the inequality of pressure which they occasion, and the consequent
incomplete exhaustion of the oil from the linseed meal or other materials from
which oil is expressed, have induced many persons to try to dispense with them,
but hitherto this has not been successfully accomplished. By my present Invention
however the hair mats are entirely dispensed with, and a generally improved action
is obtained through the employment of plates of improved construction instead of
the plates ordinarily interposed between the several quantities or cakes of meal or
inaterial in the hydraulic press, by means of which the oil is expressed.
One improvement consists in shaping the plates so that the space between any
ōne plate and the next above it is contracted or narrowed at the sides, such con-
traction preventing the meal or material from spreading laterally when the pressure
acts upon it; as it has been found to do in previous attempts to use plates without
hair mats on account of such previously tried plates having been made without the
configuration giving.the contractions.
An importaut advantage obtained by using my improved plates consists in the
fuct that owing to their occupying much less space in thickness than the ordinary

page_text: plates and hair mats combined, a larger number of plates can be used in a press of a
given size.
Each of my improved plates may be formed out of a single plate of wrought iron
ór of malleable cast iron, or of other suitable metal; or it may be built up of two or
three separate plates.
. By a second improvement small perforations are made through from the pressing
surfaces of each plate into channels formed in the body of the plate in transverso
directions, the object being to facilitate the escape of the oil and make it less liable
to carry meal away with it.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of explanatory Drawings
to be herein-after referred to, and representing modifications of my improved
plates.
In these Drawings the same reference letters are used to mark the same or like
parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings is a transverse section showing
the application of my improvements to oil press plates made like those in existing
mills.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of part of a plate.
In this example the main plate A, A, which is such as has hitherto been used
with hair mats, has rivetted or otherwise fixed to its upper and under sides metal
plates B, B, and C, C, which take the plate of the hair mats. The surfaces of the
plates B, B, and C, C, are made with shallow corrugations, which run across their
middle portions, or, in other words, are parallel to the ends or narrower sides of the
plates. These corrugations serve to give to the seed cakes the corrugated form
which it is customary for them to have; but the corrugations form no peculiarity of
my present Invention, and the plates may be made without them, or may be shaped
to give other forms to the cakes.
In order that for the purposes of my Invention the spaces between each plate
and the next above it may be contracted at the sides, the plates B, B, and C, C, are
shaped, as regards their general surface, or, what in other words may be termed
their mean surface, on each side of which the corrugations deviate, so as to have a
gradual increase of thickness at the parts corresponding to the lateral parts of the
finished cake. The general pressing surfaces are thus made slightly concave in
transverse section, as is shown in Figure 1.
The corrugations prevent spreading of the linseed meal or material in the longi-
tudinal direction, but if the plates are made without the corrugations they should
be thickened at the ends as well as at the sides, so as also to contract the spaces
between the ends. The pressing surfaces of the plates B, B, and C, C, whether
corrugated or not, may have devices, such as trade marks, indented or otherwise
formed on them, and such mark will become impressed on the seed cake through
the cloth or bagging which covers the cake, rendering it unnecessary to have a
device or mark formed on the cloth or bagging, and thus avoiding what ordinarily
causes injury to and rapid wear of such cloth or bagging.
Figure 3 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings is a transverse section of a
complete plate as formed in a single piece with my improved pressing surfaces.
Figure 4 is a face view; Figure 5, a transverse section; and Figure 6, a longi-
tudinal section of a complete plate as composed of two separate plates having my
improved pressing surfaces.
These Figures 4, 5, 6, also show what is herein-before referred to as my second
improvement.
The lower plate D, D, is formed of the full size of the complete plate, but the
upper plate E, E, is only as wide as the space between the oil channels G at the
sides. Perforations are formed through the pressing surfaces at the recessed parts of
the corrugations, and these perforations communicate with channels H formed
transversely by grooving the under or inner side of the upper plate E, E. With
this improvement, instead of the only outlets for the whole of the oil being at the

page_text: sides and ends, a considerable portion of the oil can get away through the perforations
and through the transverse channels H.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and
original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The making of plates for oil presses with pressing surfaces, which are slightly
concave, or are thickened towards the sides or edges, substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before described.
2. The forming of plates for oil presses with internal channels, and with.per-
forations into such channels from the pressing surfaces, substantially as and for the
purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Pearson, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Second day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ISAAC PEARSON. (L.S.)