IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAND PAPERING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR SMOOTHING AND POLISHING PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Benson, of No 9, Southampton Buildings, London,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAND PAPERING
WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR SMOOTHING AND POLISHING PURPOSES."
A communication from abroad by William Howard Doane, of Cincinnati
Ohio United States of North America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Martin Benson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1880.
MARTIN BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR SAND PAPERING WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR SMOOTHING
AND POLISHING PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by William Howard
Doane, of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of North America.
This Invention relates to machinery for sandpapering wood and other materials
for smoothing and polishing purposes. The improvements are fully set forth in
the ensuing detailed description, and are specifically pointed out by the claims at the
close of this Specification, so that an itemized preliminary recital thereof is
unnecessary.
·
In the annexed Drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a sandpapering machine
operating with two sand paper drums; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of same; Fig. 3
is a vertical section in a plane indicated by line x, x, Fig. 4; Fig. 4 is a front
elevation of the machine; Fig. 4 illustrates a modification of the means for
vertically adjusting the sand paper drums, whereby both ends of the drums can be
moved simultaneously to an equal extent; Fig. 5 is a side elevation of sand
papering machine operating with a single sand papering drum, and adapted to
sand paper curved work as well as straight work; Fig. 6 is a front elevation of
the same.
The same letters of reference are used in all the Figures in the designation of
identical parts.
The framework of the machine consists of two principal parts, viz., the stationary
frame A and the movable frame B. The movable frame is mounted upon the

page_text: stationary frame, the sides of the two frames being pivoted together at both ends,
as shown at a, a.
The pintles 6 of the hinge joints a are all removable, so that on removing the
pintles from the hinge joints at either end the movable frame may be tilted up
by turning it on the pintles at the other end. C and D refer to two sand paper
drums mounted side by side across the framework and journalled in bearings C¹, D¹,
respectively on the stationary frame A.
The bearings C and D¹ are so arranged on the stationary frame that they may
be vertically adjusted to a limited extent, in order to properly regulate the planes
of rotation of the sand paper drums. A concave or dust pan E extends from side
to side of the stationary frame beneath and at the sides of the sand paper drums,
to receive the dust caused by the sandpapering. The dust pan is provided with a
nozzle E¹ for the attachment of a pipe or tube leading to an exhaust pan used for
discharging the dust. The sand paper drum C has an extended journal on the
right hand side of the machine, carrying a pulley C2 for driving said drum by a
belt. The sand paper drum D has a similarly extended journal on the left hand
side of the machine carrying a pulley D² for driving said drum by a belt. The
sand paper drums may be of any well known construction, and should have a
somewhat clastic or yielding surface as a backing for the sand paper, which may
be applied and secured in any known or prefered manner. The drum C at the
front end of the machine is provided with coarser sand paper than the drum D at
the rear end of the machine, so that a board passed through the machine may be
smoothed by the drum C and polished by the drum D. The movable frame is
constructed with a number of cross bars B¹, B¹, the upper surfaces of which are all
in the same horizontal plane, and which constitute the table or plateau of the
machine, having the required transverse openings through which the sand paper
drums and lower feed rollers can operate upon the lower surface of the board.
Underneath this slotted table the movable frame has a box like projection
meeting the top of the stationary frame and the ends of the dust pan E, as shown
best in Fig. 3. Three sets of feed rollers are used, arranged respectively, the first
set in front of the drum C, the second set between the drums C and D, and the
third set in rear of drum D. The fixed rolls F of these three sets of feed rolls are
journalled in boxes of the movable frame so as to operate through the slots in the
table upon the lower surface of the board. Some little adjustment should be
provided for in the mounting of the boxes of these fixed rolls, in order that they
may be properly adjusted with reference to the sand paper drums and the top of
the table. The journals of these fixed rolls on the left hand side of the machine
extend through their bearings, and the journal of each roll carries a spur wheel F¹.
These spur wheels are rotated to drive the rolls by means of the driving pinion G
and the idler pinion G' of equal size and suitably mounted to engage the spur
wheels F. The shaft or axle of the driving pinion G carries a pulley G2 adapted
to be driven by a belt from a pulley Gs on a countershaft G, mounted on the
stationary frame and carrying a pulley G adapted to be driven through a belt by
a pulley G on the elongated journal of the sand paper drum C. The movable rolls
H of these three sets of feed rolls are journalled in boxes at each end supported in
vertically adjustable housings I, I. These housings are fitted to slide on vertical
guide bars forined on the movable frame above the table, each housing being
supported by two screws I', I', swivelled in the string bars which connect the web
of the guide bars of the movable frame; each one of the four supporting screws
I of the housings, carries at its upper end a sprocket wheel I, and one of them
carries in addition thereto a hand wheel 13. An endless linked drive chain K passes
around the four sprocket wheels, so that by operating hand wheel 13 all the
adjusting screws I will be turned simultaneously. The sprocket wheels being all
of the same size it follows that the adjusting screws will be turned to an equal
extent, so as to elevate or depress the housings exactly alike at both ends. The
journal boxes of the feed rolls H are seated against springs H¹, so as to give the
rolls the usual yielding or elastic character. The movable feed rolls are driven by

page_text: the fixed feed rolls through means of the well known expansion gearing applied at
the right hand side of the machine, as shown best in Figs. 3 and 4. The adjustable
housings I also support the two pressure rollers L and M, arranged respectively
vertically above the sand paper drums C and D. These pressure rolls are
journalled in the boxes fitted in the housings I, and controlled by adjusting screws
which provide for a limited vertical adjustment of said pressure rolls as usual. It
will be observed that the movable frame carries the entire feed and pressure
mechanism for both sand paper drums, so that the tilting up of the movable frame
at one end provides for ready and unobstructed access to the sand paper drums at
that end of the machine, and the tilting up of the movable frame at the other end
provides for similar access to the other sand paper drum, so that the drums may
be conveniently covered with fresh sand paper as often as required without
necessitating any removal or replacement of parts except the pintles b; since the
movable frame and its appurtenances are quite heavy, it is expedient to provide
mechanism for operating the movable frame in tilting and lowering it. To this
end a shaft N is mounted about midway of the stationary frame extending accross
the same, and carrying at one end a toothed segment or pinion N¹, and at the
other end an arm or crank N2; connecting rods N³, N", connect the crank N2 and
a wrist pin n on the toothed segment N₁ with wrist pins or studs n fixed on the
movable frame about midway of its length. The toothed seginent or pinion N¹ is
in gear with a worm O¹ formed or fixed on a shaft O mounted on the stationary
frame and carrying at its front end a hand wheel 03. The worm gearing will hold
the movable frame in its tilted position without additional props or stays.
Fig 4a illustrates a modification of the means for vertically adjusting the saud
paper drums, whereby both ends of the drum can be moved simultaneously to an
equal extent. The mechanism is shown as applied to the sand paper drum C.
The respective bearings are provided with downwardly projecting rods P, which
stand on inclines r, r, on the respective end of the slide bar R mounted in the
slides of the stationary frame. The slide bar is controlled by an adjusting screw S
swivelled in an ear of the bar and turning in a tap in the frame.
"The following
description refers to the single drum machine." Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a
sand papering machine operated with a single sand paper drum and adapted to
sand paper curved work as well as straight work; and Fig. 6 is a front elevation
of the same.
The sand paper drum A is journalled in bearings A¹ mounted on the main
frame B. The bearings are provided with downwardly projecting rods A² which stand
on inclines c, c, on a cross slide bar C, supported on the main frame and controlled
by screw C¹ which is swivelled in an ear of the slide bar and turns in a tap in the
frame. By this means both ends of the sand paper drum may be simultaneously
and equally adjusted, after which adjustment the bearings A¹ should be secured by
clamp screws a. Beneath the table B' of the main frame the sand paper drum is
surrounded by the dust pan D constructed with a nozzle D¹, to which a tube is to
be connected leading to an exhaust fan for exhausting the dust. The sand paper
drum operates through a slot between the cross bars B2, B3, of the table. Between
these cross bars and the ends of the table other cross slots are formed for
the play of the lower feed rolls E and F. The rolls E, E¹, above it constitute tho
feeding in rolls, while the rolls F and F above it constitute the feeding out rolls.
The feeding in rolls are supported in bearings.of the adjustable housings G, G, on
opposite sides of the machine, and the feeding out rolls are supported in similar
adjustable housings H, H. These several housings, which are preferably made
segmental as shown, are connected by dovetailed rails with dovetailed grooves in
the segmental guides I, secured to the machine at its opposite sides. The lower
rolls E and F turn in fixed boxes or bearings of the housings, while the upper rolls
E and F are journalled in adjustable boxes e, f, controlled by set screws e¹, f',
and are connected by ball joint with the boxes and turn in nuts e, f, between
which and the upper part of the housings springs should be placed to give to the
upper adjustable feed rolls a yielding character. The housings on one side of the

page_text: machine are connected by rods H¹, G³, to the short arm of the lever K, fulcrumed
on the main frame, and the housings on the other side of the machine are connected
by similar rods to the short arm of a lever K' similar to the lever K; each of these
levers K, K, carries a weight K2, and their outer ends are connected by a hand
bar K³. These weighted levers slightly overbalance the weight of the housings
and feed rolls and appurtenances, so that a board held between the feed rolls will
be pressed up against the pressure roll or bar L mounted centrally above the
sand paper drum. This pressure roll or bar is journalled in boxes fitted in vertical
ways of the segmental guides I, I, and controlled by screws L¹, L¹.
The lower feed rolls E and F are driven by a pinion M meshing into the spur
wheels M and M2 on the journals of said feed rolls on the left hand side of the
machine. The upper feed rolls E' and F¹ are driven by a similar pinion meshing
into the spur wheels M³, M, on the journals of said rolls on the right hand side of
the machine. The pinions M turn on studs or short shafts fixed in the centres of
the segmental guides I, I. As the feed rolls move around these centres, it will be
apparent that the feed gearing will be in proper gear in all positions of the feed
rolls. The sand paper drum shaft is at one end provided with a fast pulley O and
loose pulley P for the driving belt of the machine. The other end of this sand
paper drum shaft carries a pulley O' for driving a pulley Q fixed on the counter
shaft Q. This counter shaft carries the pulley R.on the left hand side of the
machine, and a similar pulley R₁ at the right hand side of the machine for
driving the pulleys S, S', on the shafts of the pinion M on the opposite sides of
the machine for properly operating the feed rolls.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim as new is,-
1st. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the smoothing sand
paper drum, the polishing sand papering drum, a pressure roller or bar over each
drum, and three sets of feed rolls.
2nd. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the movable feed rolls,
the pressure rolls or bars, the adjustable housings for all said rolls, the adjusting
screws for the housings provided with sprocket wheels and the endless link chain
for simultaneously operating all the adjusting screws.
3rd. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the stationary frame.
carrying the sand paper drums, the movable frame carrying the feed and
pressure mechanism, and the removable pintles for connecting the movable frame
at both ends to the stationary frame.
4th. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the stationary frame,
the movable frame, the removable pintles for hinging the movable frame at both
ends to the stationary frame, and the worm gearing, together with shafts and
connecting rods, for tilting the movable frame up from either end.
5th. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the fixed segmental
guides, and the adjustable housing for the feed rolls mounted on said segmental
guides.
6th. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the fixed segmental
guides, the adjustable housing for the feed rolls mounted on said segmental guides,
and the connected weighted levers and rods for the housings.
7th. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the sand paper drum
bearings, and the adjustable slide bar provided with inclines to operate on said
bearings simultaneously and equally.
In witness whereof I, the said Martin Benson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty third day of July, in the year of our Lord 1880.