IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS AND PICKER-SPINDLES, AND IN THE METHOD OF LUBRICATING THE SAME, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER SPINDLES AND AXLES, AND TO BEARINGS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaiah Wallwork and Abel Wallwork, both of Ashton-
under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanics, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS AND PICKER-SPINDLES, AND IN THE METHOD OF
LUBRICATING THE SAME, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER SPINDLES AND AXLES,
AND TO BEARINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaiah Wallwork and Abel
W work at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August
18'.
ISAL WALLWORK and ABEL WALLWORK, both of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanics. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS AND PICKER
SPINDLES, AND IN THE METHOD OF LUBRICATING THE SAME, PARTLY APPLICABLE
TO OTHER SPINDLES AND AXLES, AND TO BEARINGS."
Our Invention relates in the first place to the pickers and picker spindles of
looms, and has for its object to render the pickers more durable and to effect
lubrication more effectually with less tendency for the oil to be thrown upon the
work in the loom. We provide the picker with a bush of metal, hide, or com-
position which is formed with a rib or with wings, through which pins or rivets
pass to secure the bush in place, or we provide the picker with a key or guide.
We employ a hollow or partly hollow steel or metal spindle, which is perforated,
grooved, or slotted, and we plug the whole or a part of the perforations, grooves,
or slots with box-wood, or lance-wood, or with a suitable porous material, and we
finish off the plugs. to be uniform with the 'spindle surface. We fill or partly fill
the spindle with oil or with greasy or lubricating matter, and close the open end
by means of a screw plug or by other suitable means. The lubricant is gradually
supplied to the surface through the pores of the plugs, the rise in temperature
during working ensuring a constant supply of lubricant. Any suitable form of
picker may be used in connection with the improved spindle instead of the bushed
picker, and the latter may be applied to an ordinary spindle.
In the second place we adapt the part of our Invention which relates to the
spindle to other parts of apparatus, as, for example, to the spindles of spinning

page_text: machinery and to the axles and shafts of machinery. We employ hollow or partly
hollow spindles, shafts, or axles, or we bore or form cavities therein, and we
perforate or slot the shells of the hollow parts and plug the perforations or slots
as in the case of the picker spindles, and we supply lubricant to the hollow spaces
or cavities. We apply the plugs to the parts which run in the bearings This
part of our Invention is particularly applicable to the top rollers used in spinning
machinery, and may be used in the lubrication of slide surfaces.
In the third place we form chambers or cavities in the parts in which bearings
for spindles, shafts, or axles are formed, such chambers or cavities in some cases
surrounding the bearings, and in other cases being below or above or on the side
of the bearing.
We drill or form holes or openings which communicate with the bearings and
cavities, and we plug these holes or openings as in the case of the picker spindle
and supply lubricant to the chambers or cavities.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Isaiah Wallwork and Abel Wallwork in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th February 1882.
ISAIAH WALLWORK and ABEL WALLWORK, both of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanics. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS AND PICKER
SPINDLES, AND IN THE METHOD OF LUBRICATING THE SAME, PARTLY APPLICABLE
TO OTHER SPINDLES AND AXLES, AND TO BEARINGS."
Our Invention relates in the first place to the picker spindles of looms, and has
for its object to effect lubrication thereof more effectually with less tendency for
the oil to be thrown upon the work in the loom. We employ a hollow or partly
hollow steel or metal spindle, which is perforated, grooved, or slotted, and we plug
the whole or a part of the perforations, grooves, or slots with box-wood, or lance-
wood, or with a suitable porous material, or we use plugs which will permit of
the passage of lubricant, and we finish off the plugs to be uniform with the spindle
surface. We fill or partly fill the spindle with oil or with greasy or lubricating
matter, and tightly close the open end by means of a screw plug or by other
suitable means. The lubricant is gradually supplied to the surface through the
pores of the plugs, the rise in temperature during working ensuring a constant
supply of lubricant.
In the second place we adapt our Invention to other parts of apparatus, as, for
example, to the spindles of spinning machinery and to the axles and shafts of
machinery. We employ hollow or partly hollow spindles, shafts, or axles, or we
bore or form cavities therein, and we perforate or slot the shells of the bearing
necks or parts and plug the perforations or slots, as in the case of the picker
spindles, and we supply lubricant to the hollow spaces or cavities. This part of
our Invention is particularly applicable to the top rollers used in spinning
machinery, and may be used in the lubrication of slide surfaces.
In the third place we form chambers or cavities in the parts in which bearings
for spindles, shafts, or axles are formed, or in parts which revolve upon studs or
shafts, such chambers or cavities in some cases surrounding the bearings, and in
other cases being below or above or on the side of the bearings. We drill or form
holes or openings which communicate with the bearings and cavities, and we plug
these holes or openings, as in the case of the picker spindle, and we supply
lubricant to the chamber or cavities.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we have attached
hereunto two Sheets of Drawings, made for the most part about the full size, and
marked with letters of reference. In Sheet 1 of the said Drawings Fig. 1
represents a longitudinal section of one form of our improved picker spindle, and
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same. In the said Figs. a is a tube or hollow spindle, which
we prefer shall be made of steel. One end of this tube is tightly plugged or closed
and the other end is screwed into a reservoir b, in which is formed a chamber to
contain lubricant. The mouth of this reservoir is tightly closed with a cover, in
which is a feed opening which can be closed by means of a screw plug c. The shell
of the tube is perforated at several places, as indicated at d, d, and plugs of wood,
cane, or similar porous substance are driven into these perforations and are finished.
off to be uniform with the outer surface of the tube. Oil or lubricant is supplied
to the reservoir, so as to fill or partly fill the cavity in the spindle, and the plug o
is then screwed tight. When the joints are secured so as to be air-tight a rise in
the temperature of the spindle has the effect of causing the lubricant to exude
through the pores of the plugs, so that the supply of lubricant to the outer surface
of the spindle becomes self regulating. We may use metal plugs slightly grooved,

page_text: or having flat sides which will leave pores for the passage of lubricant, but we
prefer to use wood or cane. Fig. 3 illustrates a modification in the reservoir. In
this example the feed opening is closed by means of a valve, which is pressed
upwards by means of a spiral spring to close the said opening. The valve can be
pressed down by means of the spout of the oil can when lubricant is to be supplied.
Other modifications may be made in the reservoir, or it may be dispensed with and
the end of the spindle be closed with a screw plug. Figs. 12 and 14, the latter
being in Sheet 2, illustrate the manner in which we carry the second part of our
Invention into effect, Fig. 12 representing a top roller partly in section. We form
or provide within the roller a cavity to hold lubricant, and we tightly close the ends
of the said cavity by means of screw plugs e, e, which are formed to act as end
journals. Each of the said plugs is bored to receive a small plug, which will permit
the passage of lubricant, as in the case of the picker spindle, and a similar plug is
applied at the central bearing neck at f. Fig. 14 illustrates the application of this
part of our Invention to the lubrication of ring spinning spindles. The spindle
revolves upon a pillar g, which is formed with a cavity to contain lubricant, which
is supplied through an opening or through openings which is or are plugged, as in
the previous examples, so that the supply of lubricant increases with an increase
of temperature. The manner in which our Invention may be applied to revolving
shafts or axles, or to the studs or parts upon which pullies or other bodies revolve,
will be readily understood from the examples given. The remaining Figures
illustrate the third part of our Invention, wherein the oil cavities are outside of
the bearings. Figs. 4 and 5 represent a top cap or saddle for the drawing rollers
used in spinning. In each case an oil cavity is formed within the cap and a
plugged perforation supplies lubricant to the bearing. In Fig. 4 the feed opening
is tightly closed by means of a screw plug, and in Fig. 5 the said opening is
provided with a self-closing spring valve, as in the case of Fig. 3. Figs. 6 and 7
illustrate the application of our Invention to the upper steps or brasses of pedestals
or plummer-blocks and hangers, or other similar parts of machinery; Figs. 9 and 10
show the method of application to the bolsters of mule spindles. In this example
the bearing is formed in a tube h, which is secured within a chamber formed in the
casting i, which is secured to the upper rail of the carriage as is usual. The said
chamber serves as a reservoir for lubricant, and is tightly closed by means of a
screw cap or lid . A plugged hole k is formed near the bottom of the tube h.
The cap may be otherwise secured than as represented, and if preferred a
separate feed opening may be provided in order that lubricant may be supplied
without having to remove the said cap. Fig. 8 represents in section a removable
oil chamber, from which lubricant is supplied as required through the pores of a
wood or cane plug 7; Fig. 11 illustrates the application of our Invention to a loose
pulley m, m¹ being an oil reservoir formed in the boss of the pulley. At n is a
plugged hole, and o is a feed tube, which is tightly closed at its outer end by
means of a screw plug n³. Figs. 15 to 19 in Sheet 2 illustrate the application of
our Invention to the footstep bearings of mule spindles; Fig. 15 is a plan; Fig. 16
is a front view, and Fig. 17 a vertical section of an oil reservoir constructed to
carry and to supply lubricant to a number of footstep bearings p,p. The footsteps
are screwed air tight into the top of the box, which forms the reservoir, and
extend downwards into the lubricant. Plugged holes in the lower part of the
footsteps supply lubricant to the bearings in the footsteps. The reservoir is
provided with a feed opening, which can be tightly closed by means of a removable
screw plug r, or which can be closed in any suitable manner. If preferred each
footstep may be made complete in itself. The arrangements shewn in Figs. 18
and 19 are more suitable for use when applying our Invention to existing mules.
In Fig. 18 the lower ends of the spindles extend to the ordinary footstep through
openings 8, 8, which are formed in the reservoir, and the lubricant is supplied
through plugged holes formed in the shells of the said openings. In Fig. 19 the
oil reservoir is fixed at the back of the range of spindles, and the lubricant exuding
through the plugs or plugged holes falls or is conveyed into the footsteps. Fig. 13

page_text: illustrates the application of our Invention to Marsh and Clayton's Patent ring
spinning apparatus. In this example the oil supply holes at t are plugged and the
oil reservoir u is provided with an air tight cover v. The oil becomes filtered by
passing through the pores of the plugs. The manner in which our Invention can
be applied to the lubrication of the bearings of other parts of machinery and to
sliding surfaces or slides will be readily understood from the examples we have
given. A part of the Provisional Specification of our Invention related to the
construction of pickers, but we have not included herein the said part, and we
therefore make no claim in respect of the same.
Having fully set forth and indicated the nature of our Invention, and several
methods whereby the same may be carried into effect, we would have it to be
understood in conclusion that we claim,-
First. The method of supplying lubricant to bearings and to parts upon which
bodies revolve or slide, substantially as set forth and indicated hereinbefore and in
and by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The hollow picker spindle to contain lubricant, constructed and acting
substantially as set forth and indicated.
Thirdly. Forming or providing cavities to contain lubricant within axles,
journals, and shafts, and within parts upon which bodies revolve, and closing the
feed openings air tight, so that the rise in temperature induces the lubricant to
exude through porous plugs or through small openings to lubricate the bearing
surfaces, substantially as set forth and indicated.
And, Lastly. Forming or providing cavities to contain lubricant within axles,
journals, and shafts, and within saddles, steps, brasses, or parts of machinery, and
supplying lubricant to bearing surfaces through the pores of plugs of wood or
porous material, substantially as set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abel Wallwork, for myself and on behalf of
the said Isaiah Wallwork, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Seventeenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty-two.
5
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the said Abel Wallwork, in
the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
41, John Dalton St.,
Manchester,
(Agent for the Patentees).
ABEL WALLWORK. (L.S.)