A Process for the Manufacture of Bottles and other Glass Ware and an Apparatus for Performing the same.
Year: 1888

page_text: A Process for the Manufacture of Bottles and other Glass Ware and
an Apparatus for Performing the same.
I JOSEPH BENJAMIN ADAMS of Number 198 City Road London in the County of
Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention consists in the making of bottles and other glass ware and in an
apparatus for performing the same in the manner following:
I construct a crucible tank or container of any suitable material or size and fill the
same with any necessary substance for making glass bottles and such like ware. When
the crucible tank or container is filled with such substance I heat it in any suitable
furnace of the necessary degree of temperature and allow the glass therein to become
molten. I then construct an apparatus made preferably of steel but any other suitable
substance may be used, and which consists of a frame-work made of any suitable
material and of any required size for the purpose of placing in and taking out and
removing the mould or moulds hereinafter described from one furnace to the other,
with wheels or rollers attached. I then form a mould or moulds the inside of which is
constructed in the shape of a bottle or of any other description of glass ware
and which I make of steel or any other suitable material the top and bottom of such
mould or moulds being open and made in two parts so that the contents can be taken
out. I then construct of suitable material a core with an iron rod attached to the
taper end such core being made so as to fit into the aforesaid mould or moulds but
leaving a sufficient space between the core and the body of the mould as will form all
the parts of a bottle or other similar glass ware excepting the bottom portion, the
thickness of such bottle or other glass ware depending on the space between the core
and the inside of the mould or moulds, and at the bottom of such core I form thereon a
groove the same thickness as the bottle and by the aid of such groove a sufficient
portion of the body of the bottle will be left extending so as to fit in the bottom mould
or moulds for placing the bottom thereon. In order to form the bottom of such bottle
or other glass ware I construct a mould of a circular form of steel or other suitable
material and of any required size and thickness to correspond with the size of the .
D
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page_text: aforesaid mould or any other mould that may be required. The process which I then
adopt for the carrying out of my invention is as follows: When the molten glass is of
the required temperature in the aforesaid tank crucible or container, 1 place therein
the core by the aid of the iron rod attached to the same. I then fit the mould over
such core by the aid of an iron tube fastened by brackets on the outside thereof and
immediately I do so the bottle or other glass ware is made with the exception of such
bottom portion such formation being caused by the pressure of the outside mould and
the inside core on the molten glass immediately surrounding such core. The core
and mould are then withdrawn by the aid of the rod and tube fastened to each of them
respectively. The mould containing such partially formed bottle is then removed from
the furnace and sent by means of a tram line and the aforesaid framework to another
furnace where the mould or moulds already are containing the molten glass to form
the bottom and place in a crucible tank or container of a similar nature to the above.
Both moulds are then placed together to join the bottom of the bottle or other glass
ware to the already partially constructed bottle and the process of making the bottle
or other glass ware is completed.

page_text: an Apparatus for Performing the same.
I JOSEPH BENJAMIN ADAMS of 198 City Road London in the County of Middlesex
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention consists in the making of bottles and other glass ware and in an
apparatus for performing the same in the manner following: I construct a crucible tank
or container of any suitable material or size and fill the same with any necessary substance
for making glass bottles and such like ware. When the crucible tank or container is
filled with such substance I heat it in any suitable furnace of the necessary degree of
temperature and allow the glass therein to become molten. I then construct an
apparatus made preferably of steel but any other suitable substance may be used
and which consists of a framework made of any suitable material and of any required
size for the purpose of placing in and taking out and removing the mould or
moulds hereinafter described from one furnace to the other with wheels or
rollers attached. I then form a mould or moulds the inside of which is
constructed in the shape of a bottle or of any other description of glass ware
and which I make of steel or any other suitable material, the top and bottom
of such mould or moulds being open and made in two parts so that the contents can
be taken out. I then construct of suitable material a core with an iron rod attached
to the taper end, such core being made so as to fit into the aforesaid mould or moulds
but leaving a sufficient space between the core and the body of the mould as will
form all the parts of a bottle or other similar glass ware excepting the bottom
portion, the thickness of such bottle or other glass ware depending on the space
between the core and the inside of the mould or moulds; and at the bottom of
such core I form thereon a ledge or projection the same thickness as the bottle,
and by the aid of such ledge or projection a sufficient portion of the body of the
bottle will be left extending so as to fit into the bottom mould or moulds for
placing the bottom thereon. In order to form the bottom of such bottle or other
glass ware, I construct a mould of a circular form of steel or other suitable
material and of any required size and thickness to correspond with the size of the
aforesaid mould or any other mould that may be required. The process which I
then adopt for the carrying out of my invention is as follows: When the molten
glass is of the required temperature in the aforesaid tank, crucible, or container,
I place therein the core by the aid of the iron rod attached to the same. I then
fit the mould over such core by the aid of an iron tube fastened by brackets on
the outside thereof and immediately I do so the bottle or other glass ware is made
with the exception of such bottom portion such formation being caused by the
pressure of the outside mould and the inside core on the molten glass immediately
surrounding such core. The core and mould are then withdrawn by the aid of
the rod and tube fastened to each of them respectively. The mould containing
such partially formed bottle is then removed from the furnace and sent. by means

page_text: of a tram line and the aforesaid framework to another furnace where the mould
or moulds already are containing the molten glass to form the bottle bottom and
placed in a crucible tank or container of a similar nature to the above. Both
moulds are then placed together to form the bottom of the bottle or other glass
ware to the already partially constructed bottle and the process of making
the bottle is completed.
The above being a general description of my invention I will now proceed to
describe with the aid of the drawings hereto annexed and which form a part of
this specification how my invention may be carried into practical effect:
Figures 1.2.3 and 4 sheet 1 show process and apparatus or framework in several positions
for placing a core into molten glass and taking out such core (surrounded with molten
glass) covering the same with the before described mould or moulds withdrawing
core and removing from the crucible tank or container the mould or moulds
containing molten glass or body of bottle or other glass ware from one furnace
to another or to any other required position also shewing the method of with-
drawing core and of joining the bottom of bottle to the body contained in mould
or moulds such apparatus having rollers or wheels attached also shewing sectional view
of two brick projections of furnace having a hole in each of them and in the
inside of each of which is placed a crucible tank or container parallel tram lines
being placed on top of same for apparatus or framework to run upon.
Figure 5 is apparatus having circular mould with loose bottom attached for
gathering the glass from the furnace which loose bottom is made to fit such
circular mould or orifice (corresponding with the circumference of the bottle bottom)
and by such process the requisite quantity and size of molten glass necessary to
form the bottom of the bottle is cut off by means of pressure exercised on such
loose mould bottom (the molten glass being gathered on its upper surface) in
passing through the above mould or orifice and thus joining the bottom to the
body of such bottle.
Figure 6 sheet 2 is a sectional view of figure 1 in sheet 1 through A and A.
Figure 7 is a sectional view of figure 5 in sheet 1 through line B. B.
Figure 8 sheet 3 is elevation of mould in two parts.
Figure 9 is a section of ditto.
Figure 10 is a core with grooved or projecting bottom having rod attached to its
taper end and which fits into a mould herein described.
Figure 11 is a sectional view of the aforesaid mould and core shewing body of
glass bottle formed therein.
Figure 12 is a sectional view of such mould and a core without a ledge or
projection at the bottom fitting therein and also shewing a sectional view of two
semi-circular knives placed in sliding grooves in apparatus and fitting tightly
around bottom of mould and core for forming smooth bottom on body of bottle
such semi-circular knives being in lieu of groove on core (Figure 10).
Figure 13 shews core and rod without groove at bottom.
Figure 14 shews plan view of semi-circular knives closed on core.
Figure 15 shews plan viow of semi-circular knives opened sufficiently to allow the
bottom to be joined to body of bottle.
Figure 16 sheet 4 shews an apparatus similar to apparatus in figures 1. 2. 3 and 4
with the exception that a crane controlled by pillars and arms with a circular or semi-
circular sweep may be used for placing in and taking out and removing the core or
cores and the mould or moulds from one furnace to another or to the bottom mould
or moulds as herein before specified.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 sheet 1. a core. 6 bottle mould. c core rod. d tubular guide. e arm or
bracket supporting tubular guide with wheels g, g. f mould hinges. h, h, molten glass.
i, i section of furnace projection. j,j top of furnace projection. k, k, hole in furnace
projection. Figure 2 sheet 1 shews the mould 6 with the core a (surrounded by molten

page_text: glass) (R¹) inside. Figure 3. a core withdrawn from mould. 6 mould. c core rod
R¹ bottle body formed ready for placing bottom thereon. Figure 4 shews figure 1
removed from furnace to bottom mould with bottle body therein. Figure 5. Larm or
bracket carrying bottom mould with wheels 9 g. m bottom of bottom mould placed
in molten glass by the aid of rods p, p. 9 tubular guide. o sliding cover with ledge
or projection o¹ of for the purpose of acquiring the proper thickness of molten glass on
bottom mould as shewn in detail on sheet 5. (Figures 17. 18 and 19.) t. t. tram lines.
Figure 6 sheet 2 shews sectional view of figure 1 in sheet 1 through line A. A.
Figure 7 shews sectional view of figure 4 in sheet 1 with the arm or bracket of
figure 5 in sheet 1 removed. The means of lowering and raising and releasing the
core or cores and bottom of bottom mould in apparatus referred to in figures 1 and 5
in sheet 1 is by a similar rack and piston device which fits in the tubular guides d and
(as shewn in detail on sheet 5) (figures 8. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15 and 16) and fitted
with a suitable pinion wheel gearing and a stationary bracket to actuate lever 15 in
sheet 5.
Figure 8 sheet 3. B front elevation of bottle mould. S device for fastening mould.
Figure 9 shews sectional view of B. Figure 10. A core with ledge or projection at
bottom. c core rod. Figure 11 sectional view of mould with bottle body R¹.
Figure 12 sectional view of mould with bottle body R¹ therein also core A and
sectional view of knives fitting tightly against core and bottle bottom for the purpose of
cutting off the surplus glass. Figure 13 A. core without groove at bottom. Figure 14
shews plan view of semi-circular knives r. r. and plan view of core A. Figure 15
shews semi-circular knives r. r. opened sufficiently for placing bottom on bottle body.
Number 1 sheet 4,-a fixed vertical central pillar. 2 is a girder carrying at its
outer end a tubular guide 3 and is free to rotate from the position shewn in figure 16
at 4. 4 to the one shewn at 5. 5, provision being made by sector 6 and locking lever 7
for stopping and retaining the girder 2 in the positions shewn. A ram or spindle 8
armed with a rack g is free to move in an up and down direction in the tubular
guide 3. G. G. in sheet 5 shews in detail the construction of the ram 8 and the means
adapted for attaching and detaching the core a and its rod c 10 is a spiral spring 11 a
circular piston 12 a screwed gland shewn in plan formed with two slots 13. 13.for
the insertion of the two projections or lugs.14. 14 formed on the upper end of the
core rod c. 15 a lever provided with a fixed feather or key 16 and attached to the
upper end of the tubular guide 3 in such a manner that the ram 8 can ascend or
descend without altering the position of the lever. b. b. is the bottle mould formed in
two parts and hinged together a the core and c the core rod. 18 a bracket carried
by lower end of. guide 3 and provided with slides 19 carying semi-circular knives r. r
shewn in detail in Figures 14 and 15 sheet 3. 20 20 are bowls for actuating through
medium of inclined planes shewn in plan in sheet 6. 21 is the semi-circular
knives r. r.
21 and 22 sheet 6 are pinions secured to shaft 23. pinion 21 engaging
with vertical rack g and pinion 22 gearing with circular rack 24 carried by the two
arms 25. 25 which are capable of revolving through boss 26 around the centre
pillar 1. 27 in sheet 4 is a base carrying pillars 28. 28, supporting a receptacle 29
for containing the glass from which the bottle bottom is to be formed. 30 a plunger
which acts as bottom of bottom mould actuated by spiral spring 31. 32 a lever for
depressing plunger and 33 a detent for holding lever 32 in position. 34 is the furnace
and 35 the molten glass. Figure 17 sheet 5 is a section of bottom mould shewn in
figure 4 in sheet 1, n, orifice or bottom mould m loose bottom of bottom mould for
gathering glass with guide rods p, p-o, sliding plate covering bottom mould orifice.
Figure 18 sheet 5 is a front sectional view of figure 17 shewing two grooves for
sliding plate o. p. p guide rods or grooves. n mould bottom. m. bottom of bottom
mould Figure 19 sheet 5 is a plan view of figure 5 in sheet 1 and also plan view of
figures 17 and 18 sheet 5. The action of the apparatus is as follows: Referring to
sheet 4 figure 16 the core a on being by means of circular rack 24, pinions 22. 21
and vertical rack, g. withdrawn from the molten metal becomes enveloped with a
coating of glass and on being drawn up into the mould the molten glass enwrap-
ping the core will fill the space between the exterior of core and interior of

page_text: mould, the girder 2, being now rotated will carry the mould from its position over
the furnace to the inclined planes 21 when by action of the bowls 20. 20 attached
to semi-circular knives r. r. and which work in slides 19. 19, and when such semi-
circular knives r. r are in the centre or thereabouts of the inclined planes 21 they
close and fit tightly around the core and bottom of mould and thus the superfluous
metal hanging from or to the end of the core a will be removed or displaced from
the bottom of the body of the bottle, the surplus glass being cut by the knives
so fitting around the core the girder 2 continuing this movement will cause lever 15
to come in contact with the fixed girder 40 secured to the top of the central
pillar which will result in the turning of the ram 8 into such a position that
will result in the core rod c becoming detached from the ram 8 and by the power
of spiral spring 10 causing the core to drop this being accomplished and the
girder 2 being still further revolved will cause the mould or moulds to arrive over
the bottle-bottom-forming apparatus. Previously to this the receptacle 29 having the
desired quantity of metal ladled on to its upper surface and the roller 36 shewn
in plan on sheet 5 being operated will cause the metal to be rolled into a sheet
of the desired thickness the covering plate 37 shewn in sheet 5 being now placed
in position with the hole which forms the bottom mould 38 over the upper end of
the plunger, the detent 33 is now withdrawn resulting in the plunger 30 punching
a disc out of the sheet of glass and forcing it against the edge of the hitherto
bottomless bottle the bottle being now completed the mould is opened and the
bottle withdrawn ready for the next operation. I wish it to be understood that
I can by multiplying the cores and moulds of the type herein described to the
same or such a machine as herein described with the necessary modifications and
the furnace built with a sufficient number of holes as herein described, make six.
or any practical number of bottles or other glass ware at the one operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is as follows
1. The process for manufacturing bottles or other glass ware as herein described
and the apparatus as herein described and illustrated for the purpose of performing
the same or the equivalent of such apparatus applicable to performing such process.
2. The combination of a crucible tank or container containing molten glass with
a furnace for the purposes herein described and set forth.
3. Apparatus or framework for removing the mould or moulds from one furnace
to another for the purposes herein described and set forth.
4. The use and application of a mould constructed in the inside in the shape of
a bottle or in any other shape applicable to the manufacture of glass ware as herein
set forth.
5. The use and application of a core having a rod attached to the taper end of
same as herein described for the purposes herein set forth.
6. The use and application of such core in combination or conjunction with the
aforesaid mould to form the body of a bottle or other glass ware as herein described
and set forth.
7. The use and application of such mould and core so as to leave a sufficient
space between the inside of the mould and the outside of the core to contain the
requisite quantity of molten glass to form the body of a bottle or other glass ware
as herein described and set forth.
"
8. The use and application of a core with a groove or its equivalent formed at
the bottom thereof for the purposes herein described and set forth.
9. The use and application of a mould for placing or attaching the bottom to
such bottle body or other glass ware as herein described and set forth.
10. The use and application of a core to be placed into molten glass contained
in a crucible tank or container for the purposes herein described and set forth.
11. The use and application of a mould made in two parts with a tube or
apparatus attached to such mould for the purposes herein described and set forth.

page_text: 12. The use and application of such combined core and mould for the purpose
of taking from a crucible tank or container molten glass for the purposes herein
described and set forth.
13. The use and application of an apparatus and a core and mould combined
with a rod and tube or their equivalents fastened to each of them respectively for
the purpose of surrounding the core with molten glass and of covering such core
with mould and withdrawing each of them and leaving the body of bottle in such
mould for the purpose of placing thereon the bottom as herein described and fully
set forth.
14. The combination of an apparatus for removing such combined core and
mould containing a partially formed bottle from one furnace to another or to the
bottom forming mould or moulds as herein described and set forth.
15. The combination of a crucible tank or container containing molten glass
with a mould in connection therewith to form the bottom of a bottle as herein
described and set forth.
16. The use and application of a core and mould containing the body of a bottle
or other glass ware to a mould containing a bottom applicable to same or other
glass ware ás herein described and set forth."
17. The combination of a core and mould containing a partially formed or body
of a bottle or other glass ware with a mould containing the bottom portion necessary
to make a complete bottle or other glass ware.
18. The combination of an apparatus for joining the aforesaid partially formed
bottle or other glass ware contained in such mould to the molten glass contained
in the mould applicable to making the bottom portion of such bottle or other glass
ware as fully described and set forth herein.
19. An apparatus or a machine in conjunction with a furnace and having any
number of cores and moulds for the purpose of making a quantity of bottles
or, other glass ware at. one operation by the process herein described and fully set
forth.
Dated this 15th day of November 1888