matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED VENTILATING CUPOLA CHANDELIER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Sang at the Office of
the Cominissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1864.
I, FREDERICK SANG, of Buckingham Street, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex, Architect and Decorative Artist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED VENTILATING CUPOLA CHANDELIER,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved cupola chandelier, the object
of which is to carry off the heated and vitiated air instead of allowing it to
permeate the atmosphere of the room or building, and to effect" perfect
ventilation.
I propose to fix over each chimney of the burners a trumpet-mouthed tube,
a series of which converge to a central vertical tube or flue over the centre
chimney, which also terminates in a bell-mouth; each of the trumpet-mouthed
tubes is surrounded by an outer tube or a casing for the admission of an
upward current of cold air. These pipes or casings are united in one main
tube surrounding the vertical hot-air tube from all the burners, and an
opening or openings are made in the hot-air tube near the ceiling for the
entrance of the outer or surrounding current of cold air into the hot-air tube.
Openings are also made at the top of both the outer and inner tubes close to
the roof for any heated air outside the chandelier to pass into the flues. The
vitiated air is then conducted within the floor or roof to the chimney or other
convenient outlet. The heat of the gas is thus carried off by single, double,.
or triple tubes with cold-air feeders going into a main fluo protected by

page_text: an outer flue of either metal or earthen or stone ware, or into an ordinary
brick flue. Thus the two great objects so much desired in the lighting up of
interiors are obtained; namely, a perfect light with all the advantages of the
"sun light" in all parts of the room, and simple and effective ventilation and
total exclusion of the gas and vitiated air in the room, besides emitting and 5
diffusing a brilliant and effective light on every side, and the walls, ceiling,
and floor of the room where it is employed, whereas the "sun light" with its
burners only lights up the lower part of the walls and floor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nichols at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1864.
I, JOHN NICHOLS, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those looms worked either by hand or power in
which several warp or yarn beams are employed in the manufacture of
strapping, quiltings, and other similar articles, and consists in connecting all
the beams together by toothed wheels, or worms and worm wheels, or other
similar gearing, or by bands or belts, so as to cause them to revolve in`a
positive manner without any slipping and uncertainty at equal or unequal
speeds, as may be desired to give the required lengths of warps or yarns.
A MEANS OF FIXING DESIGNS IN PAINTED PAPER-HANGINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Nicolas Salères at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th March 1864.
I, ALPHONSE NICOLAS SALÈRES, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, (Empire
of France,) Paperhanging Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A MEANS OF FIXING DESIGNS IN PAINTED PAPER-HANGINGS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in coating or applying size to the surface of what
are known as English printed paperhangings in order to fix or secure the
colors or designs printed thereon, and this I accomplish by preference
through the aid of a machine constructed and acting substantially in manner
herein-after described.
The machine consists of a cylinder or roller placed above a hopper
containing the size, which may be of any desired consistency; the paper
is placed between the hopper and the cylinder; the roller for the printed
paper is supported by a spindle or shaft, in order that it may unroll with
facility; a quick rotary motion is imparted to the cylinder, which draws
the paper very rapidly, and allows only sufficient size to be left on the
surface thereof necessary to firmly secure or fix the colored designs or
patterns thereon; the paper is then allowed to dry, it may afterwards be
stretched and is ready for the market. Papers treated in this manner can

page_text: with great facility be varnished. Although the sizing is described as
applicable to the colored side of the paper, yet it may also be applied on
the reverse or wrong side in cases where it might be considered liable to
alter the paper, or where the paper is of an inferior quality.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING, WRINGING, RINSING, AND MANGLING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Hodgson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1864.
I, NATHAN HODGSON, of Cambridge Cottage; New Barnet, Hertfordshire,.
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING, WRINGING, RINSING, AND MANGLING," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of an oblong shaped vessel mounted upon suitable.
legs, and having the ends formed in a slanting direction towards the centre of
the bottom. A water-tight division is made across the vessel, and immediately
over it are disposed a pair of flexible or india-rubber rollers. At the top of
this division, and immediately under the rollers I dispose a folding flap, which
acts as a conductor of the clothes and water into one or other of the compart-
ments. Parallel with this divison, and at about two inches distance from it
I place a series of wooden bars extending nearly to the bottom of the vessel to
act as rubbers for the linen; and for the same purpose the remaining sides of
the larger compartment are made in a corrugated form. This compartment
is intended to hold the washing fluids,, and the linen after being thoroughly
soaked therein is passed between the rollers several times until it becomes
cleansed. The folding flap is then adjusted, and the linen being passed again
between the rollers falls into the smaller compartment, where it is rinsed in
proper liquid, and then wrung dry by a reverse action of the flexible rollers.
For mangling purposes I provide a pair of wooden rollers, having suitable
driving wheels attached to the ends of the shafts. The framework to carry

page_text: the rollers is made adjustable, so that it is readily disconnected, and the
wooden rollers substituted for the flexible rollers. When this is done, the
framework restored to its place, and covers (provided for the purpose) placed
apon the vessel, the apparatus may be used for mangling.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COATING AND SHEATHING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1864.
I, THOMAS JAMES HUGHES, of Albany Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COATING AND SHEATHING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS," to
be as follows:-
I propose, the better to secure the bottoms of ships or other vessels from
the attacks of barnacles, and for the better protection of ships' bottoms gene-
rally, to apply a thin coating of leaf metal (copper or other) almost in contact
with the iron or wood of which the ship's bottom is composed, such metal to
be rolled, beaten, or otherwise made so thin as to require no fastening other
than marine glue or similar adhesive substance, and afterwards to coat or cover
the said thin metallic sheathing with paint, with preparations of gutta percha,
caoutchouc, or with any of the known preparations used for this purpose, and
finally, where the expense is not a prohibition, with an outer easing or
sheathing of copper or other metal.
And in order the better to avoid the results of abrasion or the constant
lapping of water against the sheathing of ships or other vessels I propose, in
addition to the mode of overlapping and underlapping the ends of the copper
(or other metal) directed to be used as of my Invention, and secured to me
by Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, and numbered 451, in the process of

page_text: coating or sheathing ships, to solder the said ends or laps together after the
underlap is fastened to the ship's bottom; and to effect this, I prepare the
ends (or laps) and the edge or edges thereof in any way I may think fit for
soldering, my object being that when the over and under laps are soldered
together, the edge of the overlap and the shoulder of the underlap may be well
armed or coated with the soldering preparation (say, tin, pewter, or other soft
metal or amalgam), thus presenting no edge of the copper (or other metal
used for sheathing) to the immediate action of the water, and effectually
covering up the fastenings by which the sheathing is held to the ship.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Castree at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1864.
I, GEORGE HENRY CASTREE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Silk Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to weave two pieces of cloth at one and the
same operation, each of them to have perfect selvages, and consists of making
the yarn beam of sufficient dimensions to carry two warps, and the lathe of the
loom constructed to hold two reeds, running in a line from right to left, and
vice versa, giving a reed to each warp, so that each warp shall have its
separate and independent shuttle or shuttles working across its own width
exclusively, a space being provided with the swells and springs in the centre
of the lathe to act as a box for the reception successively of any shuttle
belonging to either warp, the shuttle being propelled from the said centre box
in its proper course and turn.
By this arrangement the properties of two looms are condensed into one,
and a saving of expense thereby effected. It is peculiarly applicable to all
kinds of checks, and fancy work of every description, such fancy work as has
been hitherto done by the jacquard or other machine in which any convenient
number of shafts is worked for the production of different patterns by different
manipulations of the warp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER OR CAOUTCHOUC THREADS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Story at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1864
I, ROBERT STORY, of Liverpool, in the Coy of Lancaster, India-rubber
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER OR CAOUTCHOUC THREADS,"
to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of the sheets of india-rubber or caoutchouc from which
the threads are cut it has been the practice hitherto to employ a solvent such
as naptha to soften the "rubber" previous to its being passed between the
rolls, which give the sheets the necessary uniformity of thickness and quality.
Considerable expense and inconvenience have attended the manufacture from
the cost of the solvent used, and the difficulty of entirely destroying or
removing a disagreeable smell retained by "rubber" prepared in this way.
Now my Invention consists in taking india-rubber or caoutchouc of the
ordinary quality employed in this manufacture, and passing it between rolls,
preferably arranged to run at the same speed, oue or both of which are
heated by steam or other means to a temperature sufficient to soften the
rubber, and to continue passing it between the said rolls until the sheets are
formed into the desired size, thickness, and quality. "Rubber" of the usual

page_text: kind passed between rolls heated by steam, in manner well understood, to
250° of Fahrenheit's thermometer on their surface or surfaces, will produce
economically good sheets fit for eutting into threads by any of the means now
used for that purpose.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bolivar Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1864.
I, WILLIAM BOLIVAR DAVIS, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, State
of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING THE FOULING OF
SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This composition consists of arsenic, carbonate of copper, linseed oil, spirits
of turpentine, or benzine, or other equivalent substance, and the residuum of
palm oil or tallow after distillation. These substances are mixed in about the
following proportions
Residuum of palm oil or tallow
Carbonate of copper
25 parts.
25 do.

page_text: precludes any galvanic action or oxidation. A coating of the composition is
then applied over the tallow or palm oil.
It has been ascertained by practical experiments that when coated with the
composition, as above described, a vessel may remain for months in waters
noted for the destructive effect of their animalculæ without being injuriously
affected in the slightest degree, and that when so protected there is no
accumulation whatever upon the bottom of the vessel of barnacles or vegetable
deposit. The metal sheathing when coated with this composition has also
been found to be entirely free from oxidation, and unaffected by galvanic
action.
The composition may be applied with good results to piers or other objects
which are injuriously affected by the action of sea water or animalcula.
Arsenic has been heretofore used in protective compositions for the purpose
of destroying the animalculæ, but it has not been found possible heretofore to
prevent the water from dissolving the arsenic and removing it from the com-
position. It has been found that the palm oil or tallow acts as a perfect
shield for the arsenic, and effectually prevents the water from acting on it in
any manner. The greater portion of the arsenic, however, combines with the
carbonate of copper, and forms what is known as "Scheele's green," which is
not only a very active poison, but is also almost insoluble in water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND STAMPING FLAX
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eliel Warry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1864.
I, ELIEL WARRY, of Shepton Beauchamp, in the County of Somerset,
5 Blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND STAMPING FLAX," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and use of a small machine or
apparatus which, by the alteration or substitution of a pair of rollers, answers
the purposes of both a breaking and stamping machine.
The machine or apparatus is constructed as follows:-Two standards con-
neeted together by cross pieces support in suitable bearings the pair of
breaking or stamping rollers. The breaking rollers are plain cylinders of
wood mounted on iron axles, and geared together at one end by a pair of spur
wheels, the lower roller being furnished with a fly wheel and crank handle or
handles for turning the same by hand. These rollers are employed for breaking
the ball and taking out the seed. The stamping rollers are similarly constructed
and driven, with this exception, that instead of being plain cylinders they are
furnished with longitudinal strips or tongues of iron about one-eighth of an
inch in thickness standing out all round their circumference about seven-
eighths of an inch, and about the same distance apart, so as to give the effect
of deeply fluted rollers; these are used for breaking the flax stalks. The
bearings which carry the upper stamping or breaking roller are capable of

page_text: sliding in the side standards, and are kept down so as to give the requisite
pressure to the rollers by means of pins acted on by two springs, the pressure
of the latter being regulated by means of a screw actuated by a hand wheel,
the said screw acting on a cross piece which bears equally upon both springs.
The machine is provided with a trough for feeding the flax at a regular
thickness to the rollers, and also with a delivery board for receiving the same
from the rollers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE BUILDING OR MANUFACTURE OF TORPEDO RAMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alfred Henty at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1864. :
I, GEORGE ALFRED HENTY, of Barmouth, North Wales, in England,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE BUILDING OR MANUFACTURE OF TORPEDO RAMS," to be as
follows:-
The torpedo ram to be an ordinary iron-clad ship, of any form or size,
propelled by steam or other power, and furnished with the apparatus further
specified, which can be applied either to existing ships or to vessels built
specially for the purpose, and which will not interfere with the working of the
guns. In the bow of the vessel and parallel with her keel are placed two
chambers, one on each side of the stern. These chambers are placed below
the water line, the top of the chamber being from four to ten feet below the
surface, in proportion to the size of the vessel and the bottom of the chamber
to extend as far down as possible to the bed of the ship. The chambers to be
closed in front by sliding valves, as nearly as possible flush with the external
skin of the vessel.
Each chamber to open internally in the vessel by doors or valves capable of
closing, so as to prevent the ingress of water to the ship herself when the
external valves are open, and the chambers consequently full of water. The
chambers to be constructed of iron. Each chamber to contain a torpedo or
vessel, containing a sufficient quantity of powder or other explosive compound

page_text: to destroy any ship beneath the bottom of which it may be exploded. Each
torpedo being of sufficient size to hold the requisite quantity of powder, and
a sufficient quantity of air to make it about the same weight as an equal body
of water. Each chamber to be furnished with a series of long rods of iron or
steel, of sufficient strength passing through it into the ship, and laying parallel
to the keel thereof, and supported by rollers at intervals. These rods to be
placed beneath each other, so as to enable the torpedo to be run out at any
desired depth in proportion to the depth at which it may be desired to strike
an enemy. The torpedo being attached to one or more of these rods, and the
inner doors being closed, the outer valves of one of the chambers are opened,
and the torpedo run out on the rods when approaching an enemy to a
sufficient distance, so that when it explodes it may while destroying the enemy
do no damage to the torpedo ram herself. The torpedo to explode on
touching the enemy's bottom either by detonating apparatus or by galvanic
battery. The explosion having taken place, the rod or rods, or such part of
them as remain, to be withdrawn into the ship, the external valves closed, the
water pumped from the chamber, the interior doors opened, and a fresh
torpedo lowered into the chamber and attached to the same or other rods, and
in this way the torpedo ram may be enabled with her alternate chambers to
strike and sink any number of ships in succession.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BALL VALVES FOR DRAWING-OFF CONDENSED WATER IN STEAM APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lessware at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1864.
I, JOHN LESSWARE, of Great Alie Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Coppersmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BALL VALVES FOR DRAWING-OFF CONDENSED WATER IN STEAM APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
Ball valves for letting off the condensed water from vacuum pans, refrigera-
tors, and other apparatus, are necessarily within the vessel occupied by the
steam, and where the condensed water deposits, or in a chamber communicating
with such steam space. For this reason ball valves as generally made are
objectionable from their occupying much room; they consist of a ball on the
end of a lever which opens the valve as the condensed water accumulates, and
closes it again when the water has escaped.
According to my improvements I mount my improved valve on a hinge
joint near to the orifice of the valve, and I mount the ball by which it is to
be operated on the top of the valve itself, there is thus no lever extending the
ball from the valve and occupying room, the ball and valve may be enclosed
in a vessel, little larger than the ball itself; thus, for instance, if the ball be
two inches and a half or three inches in diameter, I place it in a spherical
chamber of about four inches diameter internally, the communication with the
steam jacket or water condensing space being at the top, and the escape valve

page_text: of the condensed water at the bottom. I fix the ball of the valve by a short
stem passing through the valve, which has a small hole bored up the stem
into the interior of the ball which allows any water that may get into the ball
to escape.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM SUCH PURIFICATION
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Phillips at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1864.
I, JOHN PHILLIPS, of Halton, near Leeds, in the County of York, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCTS
RESULTING FROM SUCH PURIFICATION," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is, firstly, to purify coal gas; and, secondly, to
improve that particular kind of manure known as bone manure by utilizing a
gas which is the essence of all manure, and which in the manufacture of coal
gas is frequently suffered to escape. This gas is ammonia. It is well known
that it is usual to purify coal gas by means of a lime filter. This lime absorbs
ammonical gas, which on exposure to the atmosphere is wasted, and the lime
itself after use is comparatively worthless.
My Invention consists in using bones in any desired condition as a filter
for the coal gas, and such bones absorbing ammoniacal gas, I fix such gas by
pouring on the bones sulphuric acid, which has a chemical affinity for the
ammonia; or other acids may be used (having such affinity) to fix the same.
I thus obtain a valuable compound manure, and by filtering the coal gas
through bones I render it much purer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS CALLED NORWEGIAN HARROWS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Corbett and William
Corbett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th September 1864.
We, SAMUEL CORBETT, of Wellington, in the County of Salop, Agricultural
Implement Manufacturer, and WILLIAM CORBETT, of Wellington aforesaid,
Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of tho
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS CALLED
NORWEGIAN HARROWS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object improvements in the agricultural imple-
ments called Norwegian harrows, and the application of such harrows to
agricultural implements used for scarifying and grubbing, broad sharing, clod
crushing, ploughing, or cutting up weeds, or otherwise cultivating land. By
the use of the said Norwegian harrows the clods or lumps of earth are
effectually broken or pulverized, the land well forked up, and the weeds and
rubbish deposited on the surface of the land.
Norwegian barrows, as previously constructed, consist essentially of cast-
ron spikes arranged on short cylinders, the latter turning on their axes as the
implement is drawn over the land. The said spikes are similar in their
construction and action to the rowels of spurs, and in using the harrow the
spikes run in the same track or follow each other.
Our improvements in Norwegian harrows consist in fixing the spikes in
such a manner around the axis on which they rotate that they do not follow

page_text: cach other in a straight line, but describe lines oblique to the path of the
harrow.
We effect this object in the following manner :-Instead of fixing each set
of spikes in a plano at right angles to the axis about which they rotate, wo fix
them in a helical or screw-liko direction around the said axis; by thus fixing
the spikes they do not follow each other in tho samo track, and they more
thoroughly clean and pulverize the earth than when fixed in the ordinary way.
We make the spikes of iron or steel, and screw or otherwise fasten them in a
helical or screw-like direction in a bar or tube of iron, steel, or wood, or we
make the spikes with bosses having square holes in them, and we pass a
square axis through the holes, the said holes being so arranged that the spikes
when put in the axis have the required screw-like arrangement. The form
of the spikes may be varied to suit the nature of the soil on which the
implement is to be used.
FASTENING TABLE TOPS WITHOUT THE AID OF THUMBSCREWS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1864.
I, JOHN EDIS, of 146, Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex,
Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"FASTENING TABLE TOPS WITHOUT THE AID OF THUMBSCREWS," to be as
follows:-
An improvement upon an Invention for which an application for a Patent
was made on the 22nd day of March, instant, as "An Invention for Fastening
Table Tops without the Aid of Thumbscrews."
It consists of two metal plates forming a lock or fastening as shewn in the
accompanying Drawing.
Figure 1, A is a metal plate containing an aperture c; Figure 2, B is
another metal plate with a stud or button of the same material D. Figure 1
is screwed to the block of the table, and Figure 2 to the clamp of the table
top, and being fitted together fasten the table top as shewn by Figure 3,
without the aid of thumbscrews.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moore and William Gadd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th March 1864.
We, JOHN MOORE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM GADD, the younger, of the Town and County. of
the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the manufacture of pile fabric by the weaving
of two cloths at the same time united in the weaving by the pile, and then
separated in the course of manufacture by the cutting of such pile; and
the object of the improvements is to facilitate the uniform cutting of the
pile; for this purpose in one case a cutter is applied upon a binge or swivel
joint to the end of each of a series of wires used as pile wires to regulate the
distance apart of the two fabrics and the consequent length of the pile obtained..
The pile is cut by the withdrawal of these wires, and the object of the cutting
end turning on a joint is that the cutting edge of one may not be injured.
by the back of the other; or the jointing may be avoided by the wires being
successively placed in the fabric one in advance of the other, or so that the
cutting end of each may overhang the preceeding, and, then as one wire is

page_text: withdrawn to cut the pile threads, the succeeding wires are brought forward
and so on progressively. This progressive bringing forward of the wires may
be effected by withdrawing apparatus formed in steps where it comes in
contact with the wire heads, or by other suitable means.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY FOR APPLYING PRESSURE TO THE ROLLING AND DRAWING OF METALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th April 1864.-A communication from Eugène Joseph Lacroix,
residing at Batignolles, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the Firm of Mennons and
Telescheff, Home and Foreign Patent Agents, of Abingdon Chambers, in
the City of Westminster, and 24, Rue de Dunkerque, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY FOR APPLYING PRESSURE TO THE ROLLING
AND DRAWING OF METALS," (a communication,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the mode of applying hydraulic
or other pressure to the rolling or drawing of metals, and in the machinery by
means of which these processes are carried out.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in elevation an application
of these improvements to hydraulic machinery, especially intended for the
drawing of gun barrels or similar tubes; Figure 2 is a plan of the same;
Figure 3 is a vertical section; Figure 4 is a cross section.
A, B, C, D, Fig. 1, represent the body of the press, fitted with three
collars, A, B, M, N, C, D. To the uppermost of these collars (A, B,) are
adjusted four guide columns E, F, G, H, by which the plunger K, L, Fig. 8,
is kept from deviation while in action. The second collar M, N, Figs..1, 3, 4,
is fitted with eight cylinders, forming four sets of rollers, with excentric
grooves corresponding with the degree of conicity to be given to the gun

page_text: barrels. On the axles of these cylinders are mounted the pinions A', B¹, C¹,
D'; E¹, F¹, G¹, H', working in the racks T, T, T, T, which are fixed to the
head of the plunger. On the completion of each up-stroke the plunger
descends by its head weight, carrying with it the racks above mentioned, which
by their action on the corresponding pinions return the cylinders to their
original position. The blank gun barrels are secured to the head of the
plunger by the sockets Y, Y,.or..other convenient arrangement, and produce
at each up-stroke the rotation of the cylinders, between which they pass, their
gauge being determined by the mandrils attached to the lower collar C, D.
From the preceding example it will be understood that the Invention
mainly reposes on the principle of producing the rotation of the rolling or
drawing cylinders by the traction of the gun barrels or other objects to. be
operated upon, which being secured to the moving head of the press are
carried with it in the manner above described. By this means the necessity
of employing the ordinary rack and pulley gear for giving motion to the
cylinders is entirely obviated. If so desired the press may be set in a
horizontal or other position, instead of vertical, as shewn in the Drawing,
but in this case the head weight being suppressed, the plunger must be
brought back to position by suitable gearing on the completion of each
up-stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kent at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1864.
I, GEORGE KENT, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleaning
and polishing knives. For these purposes, in order to give elastic support
to the strips of leather employed in knife cleaning and polishing machines,
I employ strips of cloth of woven horsehair or other strong hair or bristles.
These strips of woven cloth are by preference folded in their length and their
edges are fixed, producing, when desired, in each case a hollow tubular support
to the strip of leather to which it is applied. These woven elastic supports do
not project so far from the surface to which their edges and the edges of the
strips of leather are fixed as the outer edges of the strips of leather project,
hence the elastic woven supports do not act on the knives, and are conse-
quently protected by the strips of leather from being rubbed or injured by
contact with the knives.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES, RENDERING THEM APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING PIPES AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rawlings at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March 1864.
-A communication from abroad by William Webster, of Morrisania,
in the County of Westchester, State of New York, in the United States
of America.
I, THOMAS RAWLINGS, of Gresham House, Old Broad Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES, RENDERING THEM APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING PIPES
AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I have an aperture in the face part of either jaw of a wrench for the intro-
duction and support of a clasp or cutter, which is held stationary within the
aperture by means of projecting pins; or the clasp or cutter may be permanently
fixed or form one of the jaws. I make the cutter of thin steel, usually from
about one-eighth to three-eighths of an inch in thickness, and of any desired
width, and such cutter is pointed, toothed, or has a plain knife-edge according
to circumstances. The face of the cutter is made wedge-shaped or wider at the
top than at the bottom, so that the pipe or whatever is to be cut is prevented.
from slipping out at the top. In cutting pipe or round iron rod the wrench.
may be turned in either direction. The clasp is also made wedge-shaped, and
its thickness about that of the jaws. In clasping a pipe to turn it round the
wrench is turned in the direction of the pitch of the teeth, or by reversing
the wrench, or by changing the face of the clasp, the pipe may be turned in the
opposite direction; by turning the wrench in the direction of the pitch of the

page_text: teeth the pipe which is put in is caused to rise or roll upon or against the
opposite jaw, and so to become more pressed or clamped between the clasp or
its equivalent and jaw. The face of the clasp is made sufficiently rough so as
not to slip when great strain is put on the wrench. By my arrangement and
combination as mentioned the common wrench is readily converted into a 5
machine for wrenching and cutting pipes and bar iron, and for other useful
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SWEATING ROOMS FOR DRYING MALT AND OTHER GRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Stévenaux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
May 1864.
I, LOUIS STEVENAUX, of 51, Rue de Malte, Paris, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SWEATING ROOMS FOR DRYING MALT AND OTHER GRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention, which relates to drying malt and other grain, and is
especially applicable as a substitute for the ordinary malt kiln, consists of a
chamber, case, or receiver, which is intended to receive the malt or grain to be
dried, and has within it numerous pipes or passages, through some of which
heated air is conveyed into it from hot air or heating chambers, and through
others the said air is drawn out, exhausted, withdrawn, or extracted from it,
together with the moisture which such air extracts from the malt or grain,
and is conducted into suction, draft, or exhaustion chambers, and thence
into draft or exhaust flues or chimneys, whence it escapes. The air is thus
drawn through the malt or grain and caused to circulate through it and carry
off the moisture; the exhaust draft or suction chambers also assist in diffusing
the heat. I generally use two. such chambers and two chimneys; the latter
may be from 20 to 25 feet high. The heating chambers contain stoves or
apparatus, whereby the air drawn in from the atmosphere is heated before its
discharge into the drying chamber, case, or receiver.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OP SUPPORTING TARGETS AND PROTECTING THE PLATFORMS THEREOF FROM INJURY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fox Bland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1864.
I, JAMES FOX BLAND, at present stationed at Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, in Ireland, a Captain in Her Majesty's 76th Regiment of Infantry,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OP SUPPORTING TARGETS AND PROTECTING THE PLATFORMS THEREOF FROM INJURY,"
to be as follows:-
Upon the surface of an ordinary target platform I arrange two or more
brackets of metal or other suitable material, placed at a convenient distance
from each other, but similarly situated in relation to the position of the target.
These brackets are furnished at their base with one or more tongues, by
means of which, and by the aid of rivetted bolts, screws, and nuts, or other
desirable fastenings, they may be firmly tied to the platform. The top of the
brackets is furnished with a broad groove or notch, upon or in which the
lower ledge of the target is intended to rest, and said brackets may also be
furnished with a vertical tongue or fixed bolt, which, by entering a corre-
sponding groove or slot in the ledge of the target, renders the same less liable
to slip or alter its position. The target may by these means be raised from
the platform so as to leave space between the bottom edge of the target and
the platform. I propose also to cover said platform with a superstratum of
soil or clay to preserve it from injury or destruction by shot.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BAROMETERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hicks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1864.
I, JAMES HICKS, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Meteoro-
logical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BAROMETERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing an open scale barometer by the
employment of an absolute standard scale reading from the centre, with
adjustable verniers at each end of a column of mercury. The bore of the
tube containing the mercury is of two different diameters, the larger being
the bottom half.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES FROM CLAY AND BRICK EARTH, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Russell Crampton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th,
April 1864.
I, THOMAS RUSSELL CRAMPTON, of No. 12, Great George Street, West-
minster, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES FROM CLAY AND BRICK
EARTH, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of bricks
and other similar articles from clay and brick earth. Certain descriptions of
clay and brick earth to be properly moulded by hand require to be worked up
with a large quantity of water, and then extensive hack or drying grounds are
required for drying the bricks or articles when moulded, besides which there
are other inconveniences in working the clay or earth very wet. By machinery
the clay or earth can be moulded much drier, but the machines now employed
are inconvenient and liable to get out of repair.
Now according to my Invention in moulding bricks and other similar
articles from clay and brick earth I use comparatively dry clay, such as is
worked in the machines, and I force it up into all the angles of the mould by
projecting or dropping it into them from a considerable distance. I employ
raised platform or scaffolding, and lift or convey the clay or brick earth to
he elevation by means of a Jacob's ladder or similar lifting apparatus or by
ther means. At the bottom of the platform are placed the moulds, by pre-

page_text: ference arranged in a series, and caused to travel continually forward with a
slow motion. The Jacob's ladder or lifting or other apparatus discharges the
clay or brick earth into a suitable guide shoot, which guides the clay or earth
for the first foot or two of its descent, and then it falls entirely free into the
moulds, which it strikes with a force sufficient to carry it into every angle or
crevice; or the clay or brick earth may be discharged from the platform or
scaffolding into the moulds by other convenient means. Any superfluous clay
or earth remaining outside the moulds is afterwards removed by hand or
otherwise, and the top surface of the brick or article may be pressed whilst
the brick or article is in the mould in which it is made. The speed necessary
to generate the requisite momentum is most conveniently given to the clay or
brick earth by raising it to the top of a platform or scaffolding and letting it
fall by gravity therefrom. The necessary speed may, however, be obtained by
the use of apparatus to project the clay or earth. Although it is preferred
to employ the clay or earth in a comparatively dry state, still I do not confine
myself thereto, as wet clay or earth may be similarly worked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1864.
I, AUGUSTUS SMITH, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in arranging and constructing lamps in manner
hereafter stated, that is to say:-The reservoir for oil or other liquid to be
burned is a closed vessel with a neck provided with a screw or other stopper.
Perforations or apertures are made in the lower part of the neck opening into
a basin or dish, round which I place wick-holding tubes, the inner ends of
the wicks lie in the oil or other liquid entering the dish from the reservoir.
Round the reservoir, and extending down to the dish, I fit a reflector, and
form holes in the lower part thereof for the passage of air between the inner
surface of the reflector and the reservoir, to keep the contents of the latter
cool.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF A BLAST FOR HEATING STEAM BOILERS, AND FOR SUCH OTHER PURPOSES AS THE SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pearson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1864.
I, JOHN PEARSON, of the Firm of Messieurs John Pearson and Sons, of the
Leen Side Works, in the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Bleachers and Brushers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE EMPLOYMENT OF A BLAST FOR HEATING STEAM BOILERS, AND FOR SUCH
OTHER PURPOSES AS THE SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE THERETO," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the employment of a blast for heating
purposes in lieu of the ordinary draught heretofore used. By the use of this
blast a most important result is obtained, for instead of having, as heretofore
the products of combustion in the hot air and gases, and in the unconsumed
coal, and in the smoke passing up the chimney draught or flue with great
velocity, and thus becoming waste, I supply the fire with air necessary for
combustion by means of a fan or bellows or equivalent contrivances, whereby
I cause the heat thus produced to expend itself on the boiler or other object
required to be heated, and thereby effect a saving of fuel, besides tending to the
consumption of smoke, while obviating the necessity of large or tall chimneys,
as heretofore.
In- PROVEMENTS IN FILTERS AND FILTERING MEDIA FOR FILTERING MARINE AND OTHER WATER OR CONDENSED STEAM, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAID FILTERS AND FILTERING MEDIA TO MARINE ENGINE AND OTHER CONDENSERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Slack at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1864.
I, JAMES SLACK, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Water Filter
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN FILTERS AND FILTERING MEDIA FOR FILTERING MARINE AND OTHER
WATER OR CONDENSED STEAM, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAID FILTERS AND
FILTERING MEDIA TO MARINE ENGINE AND OTHER CONDENSERS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
The first part of my said Invention relates to the formation of filter tanks
or vessels, which I propose to construct of metal, iron (galvanized or other-
wise), glass, slate, stone, or earthenware, or other material, alone, or to form
the inner cases thereof in combination with wood for the outer part. Without
restricting myself to form, I prefer to make these outer cases or the tanks of
a rectangular shape, and the sides and bottom entire, with a division across
the same extending from the top to within a short distance of the bottom.
One side of this division I fit with a filtering media, while the other forms
the pure water chamber, the whole being closed at the top with a loose or
The filtering composition consists of ground glass, coarse sand
or gravel, or very finely broken or powdered stone, fine or silver sand, furnace
coke, and vegetable and animal charcoal, which I arrange in layers in the
following order -I first fix inside the tank in the filter compartment a little
distance from the bottom a perforated plate, upon which I place a thin lamina

page_text: of coarse gravel, sand, or ground glass; over this a layer of fine sand well
washed and beaten down, then a thickness of furnace coke ground very fine,
also beaten down until it becomes tolerably solid; I next put in a layer of
fine vegetable or animal charcoal, well beaten down; over this I place
another layer of finely ground furnace coke beaten down again; on the
top of this I place a layer of gravel, coarse sand, or ground glass, and to bind
and keep the filtering strata compactly together I put over all another finely
perforated plate, which I secure by bolts or cement. Marine or other water
may be admitted at the top or bottom of the filter, when it will percolate
through the filtering media, and can be drawn off by a tap, or conveyed from
an overflow to tanks or reservoirs to receive it.
The second part of my said Invention relates to the application of the said
filters or filtering media to or in marine engine and other condensers, and in
causing the water or condensed steam to pass through the same for its
purification, either before or after it has been used in the boilers for steam
engine or other purposes.