Improvements relating to Oil Heating Stoves.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1899-Accepted, 22nd Apr., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Oil Heating Stoves.
I, LOUIS SEPULCHRE, Manufacturer, of Herstal near Liége, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
In my British, Patent No. 10975 of 1897 I have described an arrangement
destined to ensure the uniform and regular circulation of the combustion gases
in cooking stoves having roasting ovens and in all kinds of cooking ovens employ-
ing mineral oil. In applying the invention in like manner to stoves for the
warming of rooms the arrangement consists in withdrawing the gases at a lower
level than that of the orifice of the lamp chimney or that of the upper extremity
of the flame. This arrangement may be employed with other arrangements
than that hereafter described, and ensures a perfect circulation of the gases of
combustion without admitting any of the said gases into the room in which
the warming lamp is installed, and further, it provides for a most complete
utilization of the heat.
The invention is represented on the annexed drawing.
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the stove on A, A, Figure 4; the
Figures 2 to 5 are horizontal sections taken respectively upon B, B, C, C, D, D
and E, E.
f is the mineral oil heating lamp; the chimney of the lamp; i is the
orifice through which the gases from the stove pass away into the flue y.
According to the Patent No. 10975 of 1897, the exit orifice i, for the stove
gases was disposed at a lower level than that of the chimney orifice o, of the
lamp or the top extremity of the heating stove. The arrangement herein
described admits of the said outlet i, being placed still lower and still at a lower
level than that of the burner of the lamp stove, and without any emission of
gas into the room. It is nevertheless true that a flue by which the gases are
conveyed away to the outside of the room need not be employed, but in this
case, they would then escape into the apartment to be warmed. The gases or
products of combustion are so completely utilized in the stove herein described
and they leave the latter at a temperature so slightly raised that their evacuation
into the open air causes only an insignificant loss of heat.
This result is obtained
1st, by the separation, in the heating chamber, of the ascending currents of
gas from the descending gas currents, so that these currents are not baffled or
impeded.
2nd, by a better utilization of the gases of combustion, which, in yielding their
heat to the walls of the stove, become denser and naturally have the tendency
to descend within the heating chamber.
3rd, by the impulse given to the combustion gases by the draught of the
heating lamp chimney; under the influence of this impulse, the said gases are

page_text: made to forcibly strike the top wall of the heating chamber and, as they cannot
escape at the top, they are driven the contrary way by the ascending currents
of gas and are expelled through the evacuation orifice i.
In the heating chamber c, of the stove, above and at a distance from the
chimney o, of the lamp f, is disposed a second chimney d, which constitutes
a prolongation of the first one. The gases of combustion are drawn up this
chimney and are conducted by it to the top of the heating chamber c, where
they strike with force against the top wall thereof, and rebound towards the
bottom of the said chamber c.
In order to also utilize for warming a room the heat which is radiated laterally
from the lamp f, I employ polished metal to form those walls u¹, of the heating
chamber c, coming near to the flame of the said lamp. In addition to the func-
tion of a radiator which these walls a possess, they also serve to fulfil the
function of a reflector and by them the heat of the flame not utilized in the
heating chamber is radiated laterally into the room. These reflector walls have
therefore a double purpose.
In order to better utilize the heat of the gases of combustion, and air heating
shafts n, are disposed within the larger part of the stove casing these shafts
(to which I lay no claim) cause the air from the chamber c, surrounding or
from the level of the burner of the heating lamp f, which at first has the effect
of cooling the said burner and the oil reservoir. These shafts n, extend through
the whole height of the heating chamber and lead at their tops to the underside
of a plate u, which is pierced in the middle and brings the air warmed by the
said shafts, in contact with the top plate t, of the chamber c.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the
(1) The ascending currents of the combustion gases are entirely separated from
the descending currents of heating gas.
(2) The combustion gases, after having struck the top plate t of the chamber c,
are caused, by their own impulse, to rebound towards the bottom and, as they
descend within the chamber e, the walls with which they come in contact
become proportionally colder and colder, whereby the gases are rendered more
and more dense the further they descend which is most favorable to the evacua-
tion of them through the outlet disposed at the bottom of the chamber c.
(3) The cold air drawn by the shafts n within the heating chamber, from the
proximity of the heating lamp at first keeps this latter cool, but as it afterwards
rises to a greater height within the said shafts it comes in contact with walls
which are more and more heated and is made proportionally hotter.
By these means the gases and the air, in the present store, are caused to
absolutely conform to physical laws, and it therefore follows that the gases of
combustion are removed, without the aid of artificial aspiration, at a level lower
than that of the source of heat.
By the employment of the arrangement described, a means may be provided
which prevents the back currents produced by the action of wind in the chimney
of an apartment, from exercising any visible effect on the flame of the lamp and
from driving back the gases into a room.
To this end, the exit pipe s, for the gases is restricted into a cone x, at the
end which leads into the flue.
In this manner, the pipe s, may be placed in contact with the flue y, and
may be easily adapted to orifices of varying sizes, and it has been demonstrated
in practice that, by virtue of the restriction of the said outlet, violent gusts of
wind have no effect upon the flame, and do not cause any burnt gases to be
driven back into a room.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First In a mineral oil stove, the employment of a chimney such as d,
5

page_text: disposed in the heating chamber, above and at a distance from the chimney (o)
of the lamp.
Secondly: A mineral oil stove, in which the walls u', of the heating
chamber (c), adjacent to the lamp (f) form metallic reflectors, substantially as
and for the purpose described and set forth.
Thirdly: In a mineral oil stove the employment of an outlet for the burnt
gases issuing from the lamp f, disposed on the outside of the heating chamber c,
said orifice being arranged at a lower level than that of the outlet of the lamp
chimney (o), substantially as herein described and set forth.
Fourthly: In a mineral oil stove, the employment of a pipe such as s, leading
from the stove to a chimney or flue such as y, with the extremity of the same
restricted into a cone such as, substantially as and for the purpose described
and set forth.
Dated the 20th day of Walmam 1000
LOUIS SEPULCHRE.
By Henry Skeriett,
24, Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.