APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES AND FORKS, AND BOOTS AND SHOES. AND WHICH SAID APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SHARPENING KNIVES, AND SHARPENING OR CLEANING OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1858

page_text: APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES AND FORKS, AND BOOTS AND
SHOES. AND WHICH SAID APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SHARPENING
KNIVES, AND SHARPENING OR CLEANING OTHER ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1858.
I, GEORGE WALKER, of Edgbaston, near Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED UNION PPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES AND FORKS, AND
BOOTS AND SHOES, AND WHICH SAID APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SHARPENING
KNIVES, AND SHARPENING OF CLEANING OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows: (that
(is to say):-
My improvements consist in fixing any number of discs upon the driving shaft
or spindle to be worked horizontally or vertically, and applying bristles, leather,
or other polishing materials on the inner side of the outer disc, but on.both
sides of the intermediate ones, which may be of any convenient number,

page_text: according to the number of knives that may be desired to be operated on at
the same time; the polishing material may be applied in a radial, curved, or
other form. These discs I set up by preference in an iron case fixed on an
iron or other suitable stand, and to the openings in the case for receiving the
knives or other articles to be polished, I apply a strong clip, faced with any
soft or suitable material, in order that the handle held by it during the operation
of cleaning shall not be bruised or scratched between the revolving discs on one
or both sides. I apply the bristles or material for polishing in intermediate
positions, that in revolving they press alternately on the article placed between
them, while on a boss placed on the axis I fix long bristles in a radial direction
for passing between the prongs of forks, for the cleaning of which this arrange-
ment is particularly applicable, and in this case I prefer placing such
forks in a slightly oblique direction, in preference to a direct radial one,
arranging a spring clip for holding them by the handle in the machine while
under operation, as before described in reference to the mode of holding knives.
The edges or peripheries of the revolving discs when used in a vertical position
I make of a V-shape, and on the top of the case 1 place an oblong funnel for
holding brick dust or other cleaning or polishing material, that when it passes
through on the V-edges of the revolving discs it will fall down between them,
and thus become generally distributed, but to prevent it accumulating in the
bottom, I apply to the peripheries of the discs, at suitable distances, small cups,
that as they pass around they may gather up the dust, and distribute it at the top,
thus keeping the cleaning material in constant agitation. In applying the bristles,
fibres, leather, or other material of which I may form my brushes or other cleaning
surfaces, I prefer bedding them on an elastic seat, which may be formed
of helical or other metallic springs or tubes of india-rubber or other suitable
material, capable of being made air-tight, and which tubes may be charged with
air, and secured in grooves formed radially or otherwise, according to the
direction I may desire to place the bristles or other material in, as before de-
scribed. A machine thus described may be arranged for cleaning any quantity
of knives and forks at one time, and as I accomplish this without increasing the
diameter of the brushes or discs that I put in motion, the additional number may
be operated on without absorbing or requiring that amount of additional power
that would be the case if the diameter of the brushes had been increased. This
machine may be put in motion by any convenient power, or by a treadle or winch
handle, and on the reverse end of the shaft to the handle, I purpose applying a
cog wheel capable of being thrown in and out of gear with a pinion or pinions suit-
ably fixed on the case, and on the front end of the axis of the pinion or pinions, a
socket is formed, into which suitable apparatus may be fixed, such as a hob;

page_text: which by its rapid revolving action knives may be sharpened, or according to the
material placed upon the surface of the bob, a higher degree of polish may be
imparted, and in the same way by removing the bob a conical or other suitably
shaped brush may be applied for cleaning. blacking, and polishing boots and
shoes, or other articles requiring such action in their cleaning.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Walker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
October 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WALKER, of Edgbaston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Walker, Her special license that I, the said George Walker, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said George Walker, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
AN IMPROVED UNION MACHINE FOR
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES AND FORKS, AND BOOTS AND SHOES, AND WHICH
SAID MACHINE IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SHARPENING KNIVES, AND SHARPENING OR
CLEANING OTHER ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Walker, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Walker, do hereby declare the
nature of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):-
My improvements consist in placing any number of discs upon a spindle or

page_text: shaft, to be worked either vertically or horizontally, and distributing over their
surface in a radial or other direction, leather, felt, bristles, or other materials
suitable for polishing and cleaning, and which said material or materials may
be used separate or combined, such material or materials being applied to the
inside surfaces of the outer discs and on both sides of the intermediate ones,
increasing their number according to the number of knives, forks, and other
articles that may be desired to be cleaned at the same time. These discs I
purpose fitting or setting up on a cast-iron or other stand, and fitted with a
suitable cover or case, which case may be of sheet iron, wood, or other
suitable material. At the openings, suitably placed around the case, for receiv-
ing the knives, forks, spoons, or other such like articles desired to be cleaned,
I apply a support and a clip spring or elastic band for holding or retaining
the handles of the articles intended to be cleaned, during the operation of clean-
ing. The fixed cleaning or polishing material placed on the face of the disc,
arranged for cleaning knives, I purpose placing in somewhat of a radial shape, the
cleaning material of the one disc coming between the intermediate spaces of the
cleaning material of the opposite one; by this arrangement am en-
abled to allow the material to overlap one row or part on the
other; by this means I ensure a perfect contact, as it is forced or
drawn obliquely over the surfaces of the knives in the act of cleaning; and in
order to correct the tendency the polishing material will receive of laying
in an incline instead of a right angular position (with the disc to which it is
applied), I apply suitable springs or india-rubber bearings at the back of the
radial polishing material, such springs allowing the material to yield when
passing across the blade of the knife, but which after passing will assume its
proper position. The spring or springs suitable for this will hereafter
.describe.
In adapting my machine or apparatus for the cleaning of forks, I prefer
placing them in such a position that their broadest parts shall be at right angles
with the disc, and placing them into the machine in a slanting direction; by this
means long bristles being placed on a centre boss between the two discs, the
bristles, as the boss and the disc revolves, will pass between the prongs of
the forks, thereby cleaning them in that part, while the bristles or other material
on the face of the disc will clean the other part; or the forks after a sufficient
cleaning in this direction may be removed and placed between discs in a con-
trary direction for the purpose of more uniformly submitting their general sur-
faces to the cleaning operation, the forks being held by the handle by a spring
clip or india-rubber strap during this operation. And in like man-
ner, for cleaning spoons, I apply and arrange my disc with bristles or

page_text: other material for cleaning such shaped articles, applying them edgeway be-
tween the disc, adapting a suitable hole that they may be readily applied and
withdrawn, and as the handle and bowl of the spoon are of the same material it
is essential that they should be taken out and reversed or applied between
dises suitably arranged for receiving and cleaning the bowls of spoons, and sub-
sequently which spoons may be withdrawn and applied between discs suitable
for cleaning the handles.
It must be seen from this description that by increasing the number of
discs with the several parts relating to them, that a machine or apparatus may
be constructed on this principle applicable for cleaning a large number of the
articles hereinbefore named without materially increasing or absorbing much
additional power, which is not the case with machines constructed on the
ordinary principle: for with their construction, if larger capacity is required,
the usual mode has been to increase the diameter of the disc, for the purpose
of accomodating an increased number, which additional increase of circumference
greatly multiplies the
On
power necessary in giving them motion.
the outside of the case, either on one or both sides, grooved or plain faced
pullies may be placed on the axis or spindle, which may be allowed to project
through on either or both ends for this purpose (the use of which pulleys I
will hereafter describe). And in like manner a cog-wheel may be placed on
the axis, which may be thrown out or in gear with a pinion, on the face of
which a socket or pin may be formed, to which a brush or other appliances
may be applied; by which means I am enabled to increase the velocity of the
brush or other appliances which may be serviceable for the operation of polishing
and cleaning, whether it be articles of plate, cutlery, or boots and shoes.
The main shaft or spindle I also propose, when required, to project far enough
through the case that either on the spindle or into a suitable form socket or
hollow collar I may be enabled to readily apply and remove various shaped
brushes or circular pieces of wood covered with suitable leather, over which
fine emery may be distributed, by which means a higher polish to cutlery
than can be obtained in the ordinary way may be given, or
a small
grinding stone may be applied in place of the brush or bob before described,
by which means I am enabled to grind, or set, or sharpen the edges of knives
or other such like articles that may be required to be set or sharpened. The
stand for the apparatus (for convenience) may be made with a cupboard or
drawer for holding the several portable articles when out of use. The pulley
wheels before described may be used as an auxiliary for the purpose (by
means of a gut or band) of giving motion to one or two brushes fitted between
suitable poppets, which poppet or poppets may be fixed on the same stand or

page_text: in any suitable way; by this means I am enabled to set in rapid and contrary
motion two revolving brushes arranged with suitable hair or bristles for
cleaning, blacking, and polishing boots and shoes, or plate, or other articles of
domestic requirement. But in order that I may be well understood as to the
nature and character of my various improvements, and the application to such
apparatus for cleaning and polishing" of certain new parts and appliances
not hitherto connected with such apparatus, I will proceed to describe the
Drawings hereunto annexed, reference being made to the figures and letters
marked thereon.
Figure represents a front view of an apparatus, constructed according to
the foregoing description, arranged for working in a vertical position, and
adapted to be worked with a winch handle, but may readily be fitted with a
pulley and band for driving by other power, or with a crank and treadle so
that it may be worked with the foot. The apparatus is represented as fastened
to a plank or board marked A, A, which either may rest on a bench or fitted
with legs, or legs may be cast or formed on the part marked B, which forms
the base of the machine, and which I recommend should be made of cast iron.
The parts C and D is the case, attached by a hinge joint or otherwise to the
base at a, a; the parts C and D may be held together at the top by a fork
fastening, as here shewn, marked b, or by an hook and eye or other simple
means. The supports or clips for holding the knives and other articles (here-
after to be described) are not (for convenience) shown in this view.
Figure 2 is an end and part transverse sectional view of Figure 1, taken
through the dotted line cand e of Figure 1, in which view the clips are also
omitted. This machine (as here shown) is arranged for cleaning two rows of
knives, namely, a row each side of the fixed centre disc E, E, but if a larger
quantity may be required to be cleaned at one time an additional disc or discs
may be added, the width or depth of the case and other parts being extended
accordingly. The opening between the disc F, F, and G, G, are for cleaning
forks, a fork being placed through the opening of the case in position for that
purpose, and the opening between the disc H, H, and I, I, are arranged for
cleaning spoons, one being shown in an edge-way position for that purpose;
and although the discs are not drawn in section I have omitted representing
the bristles and other cleaning material on the front half of them, in order
that the spoon and the fork should not be obscured by them, or the boss and
spindle and central parts, which would be the case if the cleaning material
was fully represented. I before stated the centre disc is fixed on the spindle,
and between the boss or central part of this disc and the inner surface of the
corresponding disc I, I, and F. F. a suitable elastic material is placed for

page_text: keeping them asunder; washers of vulcanized india-rubber will answer well
for this purpose, such as shewn in dotted lines at f, f. g, g, are bosses for
carrying radial bristles, and these bosses are connected to the outer discs G, G,
and H, H, and are kept in their respective positions in relation to their
corresponding discs I, 1, and F, F, by elastic washers or bearings placed
between the boss and disc, as at h, h. For the purpose of stability I recom-
mend the two outer discs to have central supports or backs, as here shewn,
marked i, i, through or in connection with which the centre extends to form a
longer bearing for the axis to pass through; the centre disc E may be fitted
with a cup or other means for gathering up the emery or other cleaning material
which distributes itself on each side of the centre disc, but which material or
materials is prevented, when desired, passing to the other disc by the V. pro-
jections formed or cast on the inside of the base or stand of the machine. I
have found it necessary to apply some correcting principle between the outside of
the disc and the bearings and journeys of the spindle, in order that the two outer
discs shall be pressed towards the inner or fixed disc; this desideratum may be
obtained by a conical or other spiral spring, as shown at k, k, or by means of
a lever as at fixed on a fulcrum at m; this lever is made with a forked end
that allows the spindle to work freely between the part that bears on the boss
of the disc G, by means of an elastic ring, which is passed around the long end
of the lever, and comes through the side of the base or stand at n; but inas-
much as it is necesary and convenient that this inward elastic pressure shall
be taken off during the time that knives may be passed in or drawn out, I
have provided a stud marked o, which passes through the case, and is secured
to the extreme end of the lever 1, by which means it is only necessary to press
on the stud with the thumb or finger, and all pressure will be removed from
the knives; the space between the outer disc and the cast-iron base or stand
being regulated according to the amount of freedom you wish to give.
In this view I have also represented two grooved wheels fixed on the spindle
outside the case, one being represented in dotted lines, simply for illustrating
the means herein-before described of giving motion to two brushes suitably
fixed to an axis working in poppets, as shewn at Figure 3, gut or cords being
passed around the wheels, and over, or over and under pulleys fixed to spindles
working in journeys marked J and K, which spindles are steadied at their
outer ends by screw centres marked p, p, passing through vertical uprights
marked q. q. For the purpose of imparting an elastic pressure to the brushes
I have provided a square shank on the inner ends of the spindles, in order
that an helical spring may be placed on the shank, between the inner surface
of the brush stock and the bearing K of the spindle; and as it is not essential

page_text: that two brushes should be always used, I have only exhibited one, but I
believe for cleaning boots and shoes two suitable brushes, revolving in contrary
directions, will be found of great utility; these poppets may be fastened on
the same plank or wood stand to which the apparatus may be fixed or other-
wise as most convenient.
Figure 4 represents a vertical section of
Figure 2, as taken through the
carving knife placed in position
dotted liner, r, with two table knives and a
for cleaning, the cleaning disc to revolve in the direction of the arrows by the
number of clips for holding the knife during the operation of cleaning. It will
be seen that this is arranged for cleaning twelve in a row, and as I shall have
to describe the clips that hold the knives, as also the manner of constructing
the disc, and arranging the cleaning material hereafter, I will not burden
this Figure with distinct descriptive references, simply observing that from
giving a general description from the internal and external parts it will be
readily seen with what facility the outer case may be parted and laid down on
either side, for the purpose of examining, adjusting or repairing the internal
working parts, or in fact the removing or applying these parts all at once.
whenever it may be desired. In some instances it may be necessary, instead
of applying a grooved wheel, as shewn at M, Figure 2, I apply a cogged
wheel with a view of its gearing in with a pinion N, to which it would give
motion, and to which pinion a shank or socket may be constructed, or to which
a brush may be applied, or a circular piece of wood covered with leather, on
which buff or other leather may be applied, over which emery or other fine
cleaning powder may be distributed, that when such prepared wheel may be
set in motion, an article such as a knife would he, by its rapid action, most.
brilliantly polished. The dotted lines 0, 0, simply represent a small grind-
stone, as applied to and forming a part of my improvements (of such apparatus)
for sharpening or setting the edges of domestic cutlery generally. I propose
this grindstone being fitted on a square shank, and held on by a nut and
screw at the end of the spindle marked p, or it may be applied on the spindle
marked p¹, and as such spindle and pinion will derive its motion from the
larger cog wheel before referred to, it may be placed in any more suitable
position, so that the person using it may be able to apply the article requiring
grinding with one hand, and turn the handle with the other.
Figures 5 and 6 are a top and side view of a spring clip drawn full size,
suitable for holding the knives and other articles during the process of cleaning.
and which may be formed from cast brass or iron. The part Q is a support
for the handle of the knife or other article to bear against, and the parts R
and S are clips working on the pin T, and held together by the spring. U, U,

page_text: only shown in this Figure, as also the holes V, V, which are for screwing or
rivetting this contrivance to- the case; the double line surrounding the part
that clips the handle represents a lining of leather or other material introduced
simply as a precaution to prevent the handles being bruised. The straps
W, W, are for the application of the finger and thumb to press on to relieve
the pressure on the knife or other handle marked X, (which is represented in
section) when it is required to be applied or withdrawn; this clip is drawn as
suitable for holding a knife or a fork, but when required to hold a spoon it may
be made longer and narrower according to the shape of the article that has to
pass through or to be held by it.
I do not confine myself to this description of clip or to the kind of spring
by which it may be actuated, as a simple upright support secured to the case
by rivetting or screwing such as I have exhibited at Y, Y, Figure 7, will
answer well; and in connection with this upright á strong india-rubber band or
ring may be applied as at Z, which for the purpose of shaking off or getting
free when out of use, the pin t, hooked in the form here shown, is introduced.
The knife handle and part of the blade is introduced into this Figure for the
purpose of showing its position, and that that part of the support in contact
with the knife handle is curved or formed V shape for the purpose of better
holding the handle, nor is this form of support limited to the use of an elastic
ring for retaining or holding the knife, fork, or other handle, for it is evident
that a simple wire spring may be used, such springs, for instance, as are known
as Irish mouse-trap springs will answer well, and which springs I have shewn
in a side view in this Figure marked u. The two extreme ends of the wire
may be planished and slid or passed in under or between the plate of the
upright Y, and the case to which it is applied; one end of the wire spring is
shewn in this position marked v, v; the middle part of the wire forms a bow
and lever extending up to w, over which a wire loop may be passed, as shewn
in dotted lines, and which loop I have represented in a flat detached view at
Figure 8. Around the front part of this loop cord is wound, but any other
suitable material may be applied that will prevent the loop (from the contract-
ing tendency of the spring) bruising the knife or fork handle which is repre-
sented in section in this Figure marked x.
Inasmuch as the description of the manner of making and arranging the
polishing material of the disc was but indefinitely referred to in Figures 2 and 4,
I have thought it essential to more fully describe and illustrate this part, and
although the frame and panelling of the discs may be formed in various ways
without effecting my general arrangement, I will describe one as partly
made of cast iron, which I think the most suitable material, and which is

page_text: represented at Figure 9, drawn to a scale of six inches to the foot, or as large
again as the scale to which Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 10 are drawn.
A¹, A, &c., are radial arms cast with a centre boss, each arm being formed
of a double bevilled or V shaped edge, and which arms may be increased at
their extreme ends, as shewn at b¹, b, or c¹, c¹, and d', d'; the openings between
those radial arms are to be fitted with panels made of gutta percha as at B',
or of a piece of suitable wood faced or otherwise with sheet zinc or other
inexpensive material, as exhibited at C¹; the small radiating parts marked
e, e, e¹, &c., in the compartment marked B', as also the same description of
pieces marked f, f, f, &c., in the compartment marked C', are pieces of
leather, felt, or other suitable material fixed or held in slots cut or formed in
or through the panels marked B' and C'. The same description of pieces of felt,
leather, or other material are exhibited in like manner on the panels marked
D and E at D' they are held by suitable taper pieces of wood so fashioned
that by confining the several pieces towards the centre they will hold the
leather or other cleaning material securely between them; or, if it may be
preferred, a centre piece may first be placed in, as at F¹, having a piece of
leather fitted each side of it, marked g¹, g¹, as also a piece radiating partly
through the centre, marked ; the outer edges of this part may be grooved
or tongued, and the pieces of wood making up that part of the panel marked
E must be ploughed or tongued in a contrary direction to match or fit with
it. The radial parts marked i, i, i, &c., are strips of leather or felt for
cleaning, as in the other panels. I mention these four several modes, that
either course may be successfully adopted, or, in fact, the disc may be wholly
cast solid of iron, or with open or fretwork for the sake of lightness, preserving
in a systematic manner slots for holding the cleaning material, which material
which material I purpose standing out beyond the face of the disc about half an
inch, more or less, and it will be observed that there is sufficient room between
the pieces of cleaning material (as here shown), for other such like pieces to be
placed, which is in accordance with my design, as, by this means, corresponding
discs may be so arranged that the leather or cleaning materials may overlap
each other, say, from a sixteenth to an eighth of an inch; thus to effect this the
cleaning materials projecting an half inch beyond the face of the disc, it is
evident that they must be placed from three-quarters to seven-eighths of an
inch apart, which allows for the necessary overlap, and it is evident that as a
knife (for which this arrangement is exclusively adapted is placed, and the
disc set in motion in the direction of the thin or cutting edge of the knife
towards its back, that the pieces of leather on either disc will be made to pass
in close contact with. its surface, naturally pressing the pieces of leather or

page_text: other material in a slanting direction, as they pass over the blade or blades
that are being cleaned; to correct this tendency I apply suitable pieces of
india-rubber, thin steel, or hard drawn wire springs, but which springs I will
hereafter describe, and explain the mode of applying them. In completing the
description of this disc, I apply a hoop or rim made in a double V-shape on
the inner and outer edge, the inner one being for the purpose of better holding
the panels, and the outer one for distributing the dust or polishing powder
that may collect on them. The rim instead of being a continuous one is
here represented in four parts, three only of which are shewn secured to the
ends of the radial arms by suitable screws. The top central arm in this
Figure, marked d', d', is cast hollow, having holes right through it near the
knave or boss, and on the outer rim bent up in the form shown; at j¹ is a
thin piece of sheet metal, which as the disc revolves and passes through the
area of the stand at the bottom gathers up the cleaning powder which falls
through the hollow arm and escapes through the holes near the knave or boss,
where it is thoroughly distributed by the centrifugal action of the disc. In
connection with three pieces of cleaning material marked k¹, ¹, k¹, of the
panel B', are three cylindrical or other suitably shaped brits of india-rubber,
which may be secured with cord or wire to the panel, to which they are
applied or fastened in any other suitable way; a piece of such india-rubber I
have exhibited full size at Figure 11, and at 1, 1, 1, of the panel D¹. I
have exhibited three angular bits of tin held in the desired position against
the polishing material by small elastic bands passing through the material and
attached to the angular bit of tin on the one side and to a small pin on the
face of the disc on the other, and which pin, ring, and angle plate is exhibited
in their relative position in a separate top and end view (full size) at Figure 12,
and this same object may be effected with the same description of wire spring
described at Figure 7, made smaller, and of smaller guage wire, one of which,
drawn full size, I have exhibited in a top and end view at Figure 13. Figure 14
is a full size spring formed from a thin piece of sheet steel or hardened brass
cut or toothed similar to a comb on both sides, which renders it suitable as a
spring. for supporting the leather or polishing material on the centre disc, as
exhibited at n', n', n', Figure 9, in which case both sides are alike. The
spring may be made wide enough, as here shown, to go through the panel
and support the leather or other polishing material on both sides, but this
spring does not require to be so wide or to be toothed on both sides when
used on the inside of the disc described at F, F, and I, I, Figure 2, as the
out or reverse side of those discs are arranged (in a manner as there shewn)
for cleaning forks, spoons, &c. Figure 10 represents a flat view of the inside,

page_text: say, of the outer disc marked G, G, Figure 2, the radiating bristles around
the boss being intended for cleaning forks. I have not thought it necessary
as in the case with Figure 9; to fill up or repeat the necessary work of the
several panels of this disc, nor indeed is it essential that every panel should be
so treated, for I prefer they shall be alternate, so that the brushes or means
of cleaning that is placed in one compartment of the one disc shall come
opposite a plain or open part of the opposite one; by this means freedom and
durability will be given to the bristles or other material of which the brushes
may be composed.
-
Having thus described the general object and character of my various
improvements in connection with the cleaning, sharpening, &c., of the various
articles herein-before stated, I wish it understood that I do not purpose
confining myself to the precise details herein exhibited and described, or to
the material with which they may be made, as the whole. of them may.be
varied without departing from the spirit and character of my Invention; but
what I do claim and wish protected by these my in part recited Letters
Patent is, the general arrangement or their equivalents to be used conjointly
or separately for the various purposes herein-before named.
•
In witness whereof, I, the said George Walker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
JAMES S. COCKINGS,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
.
GEORGE WALKER. (L.S.)