IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL STONE OR COMPOSITIONS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS PAINTS FOR COATING METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES, AND FOR CEMENTING MATERIALS TOGETHER
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF ARTIFICIAL STONE OR COMPOSITIONS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS PAINTS FOR
COATING METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES, AND FOR CEMENTING MATERIALS
TOGETHER." A communication from abroad by Egmond Julius Erichsen, of
Copenhagen, Denmark.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1881.
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL STONE OR COMPOSITIONS, APPLICABLE
ALSO AS PAINTS FOR COATING METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES, AND FOR
CEMENTING MATERIALS TOGETHER." (A communication from abroad by Egmond.
Julius Erichsen, of Copenhagen, Denmark.)
According to this Invention pulverized asbestos in a raw state or otherwise is so
combined with various silicious solutions and with metallic or other colours or
pigments, and according to requirements with plaster of Paris, chalk, lime, clay,
sand, or other loading materials or compositions, as to produce new material or
materials or compositions which partake of the nature of stone or enamel, being
hard, dense, resisting oxydation, and heat, cold, and damp.
As an example, 50 parts of silicious.solution of 25 to 50° Baumé may be com-
bined with 20 to 30 parts of pulverized asbestos, 10 to 20 parts of metallic oxides,
and 30 to 60 parts of chalk or other such material.
Applied as a thinner composition or paint, it forms a fireproof enamel resisting
the influence of oxydation of iron coated therewith, and the influence of a white
heat; for porous fireproof materials it serves to give a glassy surface, stopping
the pores. It is applicable as a coating for building materials, such as stone, orna-
mented or plain, and cement castings, also for wood, for gas and water pipes
inside and outside, for roofing felts and asphalt roofing materials, for roofing of

page_text: iron and other metals, for the inside and outside of wooden and iron ships, and
for brickwork, to resist damp and atmospheric influences.
As a moulding composition of artificial stone it may be used for numerous
articles by suitably proportioning the amount of stoney or clayey materials therein,
such as clay, sand, burnt clay; the articles may be formed or moulded solid or
hollow, and by hand, or steam or hydraulic pressure; they are afterwards heated,
and will then have a hardness almost equal to that of iron.
These.asbestos compositions, are also suitable as a binding or cementing material,
as, for instance, lead is now used for fixing the uprights of iron railways in stone
foundations.
.
In some cases magnesia, barytes, and their acid compounds, are used with the
above compositions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th November
1881.
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL STONE OR COMPOSITIONS, APPLICABLE
ALSO AS PAINTS FOR COATING METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES, AND FOR
CEMENTING MATERIALS TOGETHER." (A communication from abroad by Egmond
Julius Erichsen, of Copenhagen, Denmark.)
According to this Invention pulverized asbestos in a raw state or otherwise is
so combined with various silicious solutions and with metallic or other colors or
pigments, and according to requirements with plaster of Paris, chalk, lime, clay,
sand, or other loading materials or compositions, as to produce new material or
materials or compositions which partake of the nature of stone or enamel, being
hard, dense, resisting oxidation, and heat, cold, and damp..
As an example of a paint or enamel which the inventor calls "the imperial,"
50 parts of silicious solution of 25 to 50° Baumé may be combined with 20 to 30
parts of pulverized asbestos, 10 to 20 parts of metallic oxides, and 30 to 60 parts of
chalk or other such material. As another example of "imperial" paint may be
named 50 parts of silicates (from potash or alkalies) in solution. of 25 to 50° Baumé,
20 of asbestos powder, and 30 of zinc, iron, lead, or other metal colors, alkaline
earths, magnesia, barytes, or their acid combinations, chalk, lime, and earth colors.
Applied as a paint it forms a fireproof enamel, resisting the influence of oxidation
of iron coated therewith and the influence of a white heat; for porous fireproof
materials it serves to give a glassy surface, stopping the pores. It is applicable as
a coating for building materials, such as stone, newly faced or decaying or decayed,
ornamented or plain, and cement castings and concrete, also for wood, for
gas and
water pipes inside and outside, for roofing felts and asphalt roofing materials, for

page_text: roofing of iron and other metals, for the inside and outside of wooden and iron
ships, and for brickwork to resist damp and atmospheric influences.
It is specially applicable to the protecting of inside and outside parts of steam
boilers exposed to the injurious effect of fire and air. The parts over the grate
and the grate itself, and the tubular and other flues of the boiler, are thus for
instance protected by a coating with this material in the form of a thin paint. It
may also be used in the interior water and steam spaces for the purpose of
counteracting corroding influences there isually active. The iron surface to be
coated with the paint is previously cleaned in the following manner:
Take in proportion one gallon of pure water and 1 gallon of sulphuric acid 65°
Baumé, and mix them well together, and with a mop rub the metal surface well
forwards and backwards to remove the rust or greasy matters, or place the parts
to be coated in a vessel or reservoir for some hours (say 12) in the above named
solution. When the solution has properly entered the pores wash the metal
surfaces over with clean cold water and leave them to dry; then coat with the
paint, and rub it with a hard painter's brush into the pores of the metals, so that
there is no point left untouched. The paint dries up in 5 to 20 minutes, and is
hard, and day after day increases in strength. It combines with or adheres firmly
to the iron and other metal surfaces, and it will prevent corrosion.
As a coating or paint for brickwork and woodwork, it consists of silicate of
potass, zinc oxide, chalk, and powdered asbetsos, and resembles the old fresco from
Pompeii, and to this is added any kinds of dry colors. It is worked out with an
iron trowel or wood plate covered with felt, and made into a thinner or thicker
coat as desired, and with a quite smooth surface, and never requires to be painted
with lime colors, or oil colors, or composition colors, and can be cleansed with
brushes with soap and hot water. For coating brickwork and woodwork the
following proportions are suitable :-
20 parts of powdered asbestos fibre, 20 to 30 parts of silicious solution of 25 to
30° Baumé, 10 to 15 parts of, say, oxide of zinc, and 50 parts of chalk and pure
earth colors.
•
It dries quickly, and becomes hard as stone, and is like the old Pompeii
stucco.
Brick walls and wood articles to be coated therewith must first be cleaned with
water and soap, and then be rubbed in with a thin solution of silicate of potass of
10° Baumé, so that it enters the pores. This impregnation should be done twice,
with an hour between, but not in frosty weather, before the walls, bricks, and wood
articles are painted with the paint, which may be called "fresco."
White walls and ceilings may be covered with paper, which is then coated with
the paint. For this may be used sulphate of baryta or zinc white mixed with
pulverized asbestos and various silicate solutions of suitable strength. The walls
and ceilings so covered and coated can be washed with water whenever required to
be cleaned. The following compositions are examples -20 per cent. of powdered
asbestos fibre, 30 to 50 of sulphate of baryta, and remainder silicate of potash of
25° Baumé; also 20 parts asbestos, 20 to 30 zinc white, 10 chalk, and 40 to 50
silicate of potash of 25°.
In either case add pure earth colors as required.
As a moulding composition or artificial stone it may be used for numerous
articles by suitably proportioning the amount of stoney or clayey materials therein,
such as clay, sand, burnt clay. The articles may be formed or moulded solid or
hollow, and by hand, or steam or hydraulic pressure; they are afterwards heated,
and will then have a great hardness. Half of the "imperial "and half of the clay
or sand is a suitable proportion for many purposes, but in some cases this compo-
sition is used only as a thick outer layer, while the inside of the block or parts
consists of clay or other cheap materials.
For coating boilers externally for preventing radiation of heat, a composition is
made of parts of asbestos fibre and parts of silicate solution of 25° Baumé. It is
made as a thick dough, and if put directly on the boiler in a layer about
inch

page_text: thick it will harden quickly. It is preferable however to make a framework to
suit the shape of the boiler surfaces of hoop iron, say, about or 1 inch wide, and
with 2 to 4 inches square open spaces between, and having pegs standing out about
inch or 1 inch. On the outside of this framework is laid a layer, about inch
thick, of the dough, and on this again a layer about or 1 inch thick of a mixture of
imperial," with about an equal proportion by weight of pulverized ground fire-
bricks. The framework having the aforesaid coating may be removed from the
boiler whole whenever desired for examining or repairing, without (as is generally
the case with boiler compositions for preventing radiation of heat) breaking the
coating to pieces. The coating may be painted over externally with a thin coat of
the imperial paint.
The aforesaid composition of half imperial and half fire brick is also suitable
as a binding or cementing material, as for instance, lead is now used for fixing the
uprights of iron railings in stone foundations.
And having thus described and ascertained, the nature of this Invention, and in
what manner it is to be performed, as communicated to me, I declare that I
claim,
-
First. The combination of powdered asbestos fibre with silicious solutions and
with metallic oxide or other coloring substances, and with or without loading
substances, for the purpose of forming paints, compositions, or materials for coating
metallic and other surfaces to protect them against the deteriorating influences of
the air, heat, frost, and moisture, substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination of powdered asbestos fibre with silicious solutions and
with loading materials, and with or without metallic oxide or other coloring sub-
stances, for the purpose of forming cements or putties, and also materials or artificial
stone compositions suitable for being moulded or formed by pressure into any
required form, substantially as set forth.
:
Third. The combination of powdered asbestos fibre with silicious solutions and
with loading materials, for the purpose of forming compositions for preventing
radiation of heat from boilers, and the mode and means of applying such composi-
tions thereto, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said-Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
P. JENSEN. (L.S.)