Improvements in the Permanent Way of Railways.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Dec., 1886.
Complete Left, 26th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar.. 1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Permanent Way of Railways.
I, EDWARD PRITCHARD MARTIN, of Dowlais Iron Works, Dowlais, in the County of
Glamorgan South Wales, Manager of Iron Works do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The chief object of my invention is to provide a simple and effective means of
securing double and single headed rails, flanged rails, bridge rails, or rails of any
suitable section to railway sleepers, by means of rolled metal chairs, and to give the rail
when required, the requisite cant. Horns are formed on the chair of a suitable shape,
so that one horn clips the rail and the other horn clips a key; the key holds the rail
firmly in the chair, and by removing the key the rails can be easily taken out of the
chair all as hereafter described.
According to my invention I roll the section required for chairs with horns on each
side of the rail seat; the chair may be rolled to give the required cant to the rail.
The section may be rolled in any length found convenient and cut into pieces
suitable for chairs by any convenient method such as saws, shears or other suitable
means.
The horns may be closed to the required shape for the rail and key by rolling, or
after being cut into lengths equal to the width of the chairs required, close to
the required form by hydraulic or other press, hammers or by any other suitable
means.
The key may be of metal or timber placed either inside or outside the flanges of the
rail, and may be serrated or plain and if required may be split at the point so as to be
opened to prevent "creeping." The taper for keying may be made in the key or in
the horns of the chair as may be preferred if, for example, the chairs are pressed or
hammered after rolling. The chair may be fastened to the sleeper by any suitable
method for metal sleepers such as bolis, rivets, and for timber sleepers, by spikes,
screws, or fang bolts, or in any other convenient way.

page_text: By my invention I am able to roll chairs of such a section as to give if necessary
he required cant to the rail, and when the keys are removed, the rail can be taken
out of the chair, or put into the chair as may be required without stringing them over
the rail.
These chairs are specially suitable for metal sleepers, and may be easily applied to
those now in use, it gives increased strength to the sleeper at the rail seat, the chair
being made in one piece with a large base distributes the load over a large surface of
the sleeper, the horns are also so designed that they give the chair great strength and
durability.
These chairs are also suitable for timber sleepers and may be attached to them in the
same way that cast iron chairs usually are, and are much lighter.
Dated this 18th day of December 1886.

page_text: I EDWARD PRITCHARD MARTIN of Dowlais Iron Works, Dowlais in the County of
Glamorgan, South Wales, Manager of Iron Works do hereby. declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement
The chief object of my invention is to provide a simple and effective means of
securing double and single headed rails, flanged rails, bridge rails, or rails of any
suitable section to railway sleepers, by means of rolled metal chairs and to give the
rail when required the requisite cant. Horns are formed on the chair of a suitable
shape, so that one horn clips the rail and the other horn clips a key; the koy holds the
rail firmly in the chair, and by removing the key the rails can be easily taken out of
the chairs all as hereafter described.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I will now further describe the
same by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a vertical cross section and Figure 2 is a plan of a chair made according
to my invention and as adapted for a double headed rail.
Figure 3 is a vertical cross section and Figure 4 is a plan of a chair made according
to my invention as adapted to a single headed rail.
-
Figure 5 is a vertical cross section and Figure 6 is a plan of a chair made according
to my invention as adapted to a flanged rail.
Figure 7 is a vertical cross section and Figure 8 is a plan of a chair made according
to my invention as adapted to a bridge rail.
The same letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures. A is the rail, B the
key, C the chair, D the sleeper, and EE the horns.
According to my invention I roll the section required for chairs with horns E on
each side of the rail seat; the chair may be rolled to give the .required cant to the
rail and as shown for example at Figures 5 and 7. The section may be rolled in any
required length found convenient and cut into pieces suitable for chairs by any
convenient method such as saws or shears.
The horns E may be closed to the required shape for the rail A and key B by rolling,
or they may be rolled as most convenient say with horns vertical to the base of the
chair, and after being cut into lengths equal to the width of the chairs required, closed
to the required form by hydraulic or other press, hammers, or by any other suitable
means.
The key B may be of metal (or timber) placed either inside or outside the flanges of
the rail, and may be serrated or plain and if required may be split at the point as
shown at F so as to be opened to prevent "creeping. The taper for keying may be
made in the key or in the horns of the chair as may be preferred if for example the
chairs are pressed or hammered after rolling. The chair may be fastened to the
sleeper by any suitable method, for metal sleepers, such as bolts, rivets, and for timber
sleepers, by spikes, screws or fang bolts, or in any other convenient way.

page_text: By my invention I am able to roll chairs of such a section as to give if necessary the
required cant to the rail and when the keys are removed, the rail can be taken out of
the chair or put into the chair as may be required without stringing them over
the rail.
These chairs are specially suitable for metal sleepers, and may be easily applied to
those now in use the chairs give increased strength to the sleeper at the rail seat, such
chairs being made in one piece with a large base distribute the load over a large
surface of the sleeper, the horns are also so designed that they give the chair great
strength and durability..
These chairs are also suitable for timber sleepers and may be attached to them in
the same way that cast iron chairs usually are, and are much lighter.
The details of construction must of course be varied to suit the section of rail and
type of sleeper used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
In the permanent way of railways the construction and employment of rolled chairs
(with cant in same when necessary and with rail seat formed to suit the rail) having
horns thereon one of which clips the rail and the other the key the latter being so
formed as to give width between the horns whereby the rails may be easily removed
when the key is taken out all substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
the accompanying drawings..