CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING IRON
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Pauvert, of Chatellerault, Town in the
French Empire, Ecclesiastic, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MANUFACTURING IRON."
Sealed the 28th July 1857, and dated the 2nd March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Pauvert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1857.
I, CHARLES PAUVERT, of Chatellerault, Town in the French Empire,
Ecclesiastic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING IRON," to be as follows:-
The object of this process is to deprive or drive off from puddled iron
sulphur, phosphorous, and other metalloids by cementation; it is applied to
puddled iron in any of its stages or states.
I employ a cement composed of the following substances:-
14 parts, by weight, oxide of iron.
30
"
highly aluminous clay.
50
"
4
39.
1
"
1
carbonate of lime or wood ashes.
finely divided charcoal.
carbonate of potassa.
carbonate of soda.
"
These proportions need not be rigourously adhered to, but may be varied
according to circumstances and the nature of the iron.

page_text: I place the iron with the cement in layers into a cementing furnace, and
I heat the furnace in the ordinary manner. This iron, after cementation, is
welded and then drawn into bars; it then becomes as soft and as tenacious as
iron made with charcoal.
The many electric currents produced by the mutual. reaction of the elements,
the reduction of the earthy and alcaline metals, and of a portion of the oxide of
aluminum, favor the escape and absorption of phosphorous, sulphur, and
other
In order that all the carbon may be decomposed and disappear in the state
of oxide or carbonic acid, it is necessary that the carbonites and oxides should
be in excess.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Pauvert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
PAUVERT, of Chatellerault, Town in the French Empire, Ecclesiastic, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her'
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Pauvert, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Pauvert, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Pauvert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during.
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Iuvention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MANUFACTURING IRON," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Pauvert, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Pauvert, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to deprive or drive off from puddled iron
sulphur, phosphorus, and other metalloids, by cementation; it is applicable to
puddled iron in any of its stages or states.
I employ a cement composed of the following substances:-
14 parts (by weight) oxide of iron.
30
"
highly aluminous clay.
carbonate of lime or wood ashes.
50
"
"
4
"
"9
finely divided charcoal.
1
"
"
carbonate of potassa.
1
carbonate of soda.
وو
"
These proportions need not be rigorously adhered to, but may be varied,
and one or more of the substances composing the cement may be dispensed
with, according to circumstances and the nature of the iron.
I place the iron with the cement in layers into a cementing furnace, and
I heat the furnace in the ordinary manner. This iron, after cementation, is
welded and then drawn into bars; it then becomes as soft and as tenacious as
iron made with charcoal.
The many electric currents produced by the mutual reaction of the elements,
the reduction of the earthy and alkaline metals, and of a portion
the oxide
of aluminium, favour the escape and the absorption of phosphorous, sulphur,
and other metalloids.
In order that all the carbon may be decomposed and disappear in the state
of oxide or carbonic acid, it is necessary that the carbonates and oxides should
be in excess.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the manufacture
of iron by the means and in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Pauvert, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven..