matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING LATCHES Locks, BOLTS, FASTENINGS IN GENERAL, BUT MORE ESPECIALLY THE FASTENINGS OF DOORS, AND PARTICULARLY THE FASTENINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGE DOORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Ayres at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1870.
I, JAMES WILLIAM AYRES, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVING LATCHES
Locks, BOLTS, FASTENINGS IN GENERAL, BUT MORE ESPECIALLY THE FASTENINGS
OF DOORS, AND PARTICULARLY THE FASTENINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGE DOORS,"
to be as follows:-
For this purpose I employ two springs, one bolt, one bar, with thumb
piece, lip, or projection attached, a plate of metal, a case for the bolt,
a pin, a receptacle for the bolt, and an external motor apparatus. The
spring connected with the bolt may be of any form, shape, or size, and
shall have its propelling power directed in a horizontal manner. The
bolt may be of any form, shape, or size, and of varied diameter or
thickness; the bolt and spring shall be encased; the case may be of any
form, shape, or size, it shall have a slot cut in any portion of it to admit
of the bolt being connected with an external motor apparatus, it may
have the slot or slots in one or more parts of its circumference, and the
slot may have a sliding covering; the case shall have a free aperture

page_text: at one end and a lesser aperture at another end, the free aperture to
admit of the free passage of the bolt when in the act of propulsion or
retraction, the lesser aperture to admit of the lesser diameter of the bolt
when in the act of passing through it, either by retraction or propulsion.
The pin is the means of connection through the slot between the bolt
internally and the external motor apparatus either on one side only or
on both sides of the case. The bolt, spring, pin, and case, and all their
The external motor
appurtenances may vary in size and in material.
apparatus or apparata will be connected to the bolt internally by the
pin through the slot or slots, and it may consist of any order of lever,
shape and form being adapted. The spring connected with the bar
shall have a transverse action as compared with the spring connected
with the bolt. The bar shall be connected with the thumb piece or
lip and covered externally by a perforated plate. The plate will have
a slot cut in it to admit of the free movement of the bar beneath it by
the thumb piece superficial to it; it will also have a circular perforation
to admit of the free end of the bolt passing through it when in motion
to or from its intended receptacle; it (the plate) will be the actual means
of resistance to the bolt, although the bar will intervene between the
bolt and the plate. The thumb piece or lip will be connected with the
bar and is súperficial to the plate, moving freely over the plate, and
working through a slot in the plate. The intended receptacle will
consist of a cavity of any form, size, shape, or material to receive
the bolt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ethelbert Holborow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th July 1870.
I, ETHELBERT HOLBOROW, of No. 18, Ledbury Street, Commercial
Road, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to construct a window sash fastener
in such manner that the arm of the sash fastener cannot be forced back
from the outside of the window, and yet so that on the inside the
fastener can be opened by turning round the arm in the ordinary
manner. For this purpose I place below the arm of the fastener a plate
of metal capable of turning at one end upon the same pin as the arm;
this plate, when the fastener is closed, extends over the space or opening
between the two sashes of the window, and a projection stands up from
it at the side of the arm, which would have to be pressed upon if any
attempt were made to open the fastener from the outside, so that the
pressure of
any instrument inserted between the sashes from the outside

page_text: and pressed towards the arm is taken upon such projection and not upon
the arm itself. At that end of the plate which turns on the pin or axis
a notch or recess is formed for a projection on the spring of the catch to
enter into when the fastener is closed, and the plate is thus locked and
prevented from being turned by any pressure placed upon it. If, how-
ever, the arm of the fastener is turned round in the ordinary manner by
the knob at its end it forces back the spring and releases the plate; a
portion of the arm then comes against a stud standing up from the plate,
and the plate is turned round together with the arm, leaving the window
free to be opened. When the arm is turned back again to close the
fastener the plate is turned round with it, and at the end of the move-
ment of the arm the spring again locks the plate and prevents it from
being turned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLORS, PUMPS, AND BLOWERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
September 1870.
I, WILLIAM WALKER, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLORS,
PUMPS, AND BLOWERS," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the propelling power usually
obtained by screws for propelling vessels or boats through water, for
pumping liquids, and for blowing air; and the improvements consist in
employing one or more blades of peculiar form and rapidly increasing
pitch affixed to a shaft or spindle by means of a hollow boss of a
spherical, spheroidal, or other similar shape, and surrounding the whole
with a hollow case of similar or corresponding shape, either attached to
the outer edges of the blades so as to revolve with them, or such hollow
case may be fixed independantly so as not to revolve, which in the case
of a ship or boat must be to the vessel itself. In the front end of the

page_text: case I form an opening for the entrance of the liquid or fluid medium,
and another opening for its exit at the back; the action of the blades
on such liquid or fluid being more in the direction of the axis than in a
centrifugal direction.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
August 1870.
I, WILLIAM THOMSON, Calico Printer, Bridgebar, Barrhead, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WINDOW BLINDS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a portion of light in an
apartment when the window of that apartment is covered with a blind
made of an opaque enamelled material such as enamelled cloth known.
as leather cloth, or enamelled paper, parchment or leather.
The Invention is carried out by perforating small holes in the enamelled
material in such a manner that light may pass through these holes into
the apartment without the object in the room being clearly seen from
the outside. Or the perforations may be in number and size according
to the quantity of light desired in the apartment when the blind is
down. When the last method is used I execute the perforations in bars
across the material to imitate a Venetian blind. Two window lengths of

page_text: the perforated material must be used to form the blind the one length
travelling in front of the other. In using the blind one end of it must
be made fast at the top of the window and the other end to the winding
roller, which enables the person winding the blind to totally darken the
room by covering the perforations or to admit light by leaving them
perforations open.
When an enamelled cloth is used the holes or
perforations may be formed in the cloth in the process of weaving, the
cloth receiving its coat of enamel afterwards. I also arrive at the same
result, namely, the admission of light into the apartment when the blind
is down by another method. This method is carried out by leaving
portions of the cloth without the enamel so that light may pass through
those portions into the apartment when the blind is down.
I claim to use either of those methods singly or in combination to
form my improved window blind. The material may be printed in
colors and in any pattern to give an increased effect.
AN IMPROVED TOOL FOR CUTTING NET LACE AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Octave Deschamps and
Stanislas Delisse Oudit, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th May 1870.
We, LEON OCTAVE. DESCHAMPS and STANISLAS DELISSE OUDIT, of
Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TOOL FOR CUTTING NET LACE AND OTHER
LIKE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
It is well known that the net fabrics manufactured for veils, head nets,
or caps, and other similar articles in which dots, flowers, or figured
designs are made are at first formed by weaving with the connecting
threads across the fabrics, which threads are spread in a continuous
manner from cach of the dots, flowers, or other designs to the others
which may be upon the same path of the warp. Hitherto these con-
necting threads have been cut after the weaving by scissors or by some
other such imperfect and irregular instrument, the result always being
inequalities in these threads and consequently a bad effect in the article
notwithstanding the perfection of the original fabric and of the threads
employed. In order to avoid this important defect we have invented

page_text: a tool or instrument which will cut the threads in a clean manner close
to the dots or figures. This tool is composed of a single thumb piece
or handle which the workman holds in his hand while passing the tool
over the fabric transversely to the threads. The lower end of the handle
has a plate attached to it with a pointed front for passing under the
threads, so that the threads in its path are lifted and brought above the
cutters which are placed near the shank of the handle. The cutters are
formed on the sides of the plate and the threads become severed by
coming in contact with them and the bottoms of two side cheeks forming
part of the shank. The fore end of the shank carries a roller or whirl
for facilitating the movement of the tool over the fabric. The roller is
capable of adjustment to determine the position and angle of the plate.
The tail piece of the cheeks are connected to a spring to allow them to
yield slightly when the cutting takes place. The roller is so placed that
it presses upon and holds the thread while being cut. The workman
governs the angle of the apparatus to ensure its proper action.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MAKING PULP: OR HALF-STUFF FROM WOOD AND OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Amasa Mason at the Office of
the Commissioners. of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th.
October 1870. A communication from abroad. by Thomas Levens,.
of Ostend, in the Kingdom of Belgium..
I, AMASA MASON, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,.
now of No.. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MAKING PULP:
OR HALF-STUFF FROM WOOD AND OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRES," a communication.
to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to the conversion of wood and other:
vegetable fibres. into pulp or half-stuff, and consists chiefly in. dis-
integrating the fibre before boiling, by means of a solvent..
The wood or other fibrous material. is subjected to the action of a
solution of chlorine, and then the material is washed in water in the
usual manner; if not then properly softened the process is repeated until
the required disintegration is effected.. By this process the wood or
other fibre is sufficiently disintegrated to make common paper and may
at once be furnished to the rag engine. When the material is intended

page_text: for a finer class of paper after treating it with chlorine as above stated
it is boiled in a solution of soda and bleached in the ordinary manner.
The number of times it will be found desirable to subject the material
to the action of the chlorine will be determined by the condition or
character of the fibre used. After each steeping the product is
thoroughly washed or rinsed in clean water. The solution of chlorine
should mark not less than one degree on Twaddle's hydrometer, and
each steeping should continue until the chlorine is taken up or the fibres
sufficiently disintegrated.
The wood for economy is prepared by being cut into thin shavings,
and when esparto. or other fibres of a similar character are used they
should be crushed or bruised before subjecting the same to the action of
the chlorine solution.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS WHEREBY THEY MAY BE RENDERED AVAILABLE AS AN ESCAPE IN CASE OF FIRE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hamilton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1870.
I, CHARLES HAMILTON, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS
WHEREBY THEY MAY BE RENDERED AVAILABLE AS AN ESCAPE IN CASE OF FIRE,"
to be as follows:-
.
This Invention consists in constructing bedsteads in the following
manner-Instead of employing laths of wood or strips of hoop iron
interlaced to support the bedding, I propose to use in lieu thereof three
or more ladders, equal to the length and width of the bedstead, and
connected to the framework of the bedstead by elastic material. These
ladders are intended to fit one into the other at their ends, and when
so fitted may be used as an escape in case of fire.
Another improvement consists in adapting between the legs of the
bedstead, at the head or foot thereof, or both, a long roller around which
a rope is wound, which may also be used as an escape or for raising

page_text: or lowering weights out of windows by means of a handle on one of
the aforesaid rollers.
Another improvement in bedsteads consists in adapting around the
legs or posts thereof, at a short distance from the floor, cups or vessels
to contain liquid to be employed as vermin traps.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN SHARPENING AND POLISHING SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Monroe Childs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1870.-A communication from abroad by Eduardo.
E. Blyth, of Rochester, New York, United States of America.
I, DAVID MONROE CHILDS, of 16, Mark Lane, London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN SHARPENING AND POLISHING SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of a powder having
sharpening or polishing qualities either mixed with or without a
glutinous substance, and which powder or paste is placed between two
or more pieces of porous or elastic fabric in such a manner that the
sharpening or polishing substance is enclosed and forming a pad. On
unthreading the needle, which is fixed to the sewing machine in the
ordinary way, the pad is placed under the fixed needle, or is passed
through as an ordinary piece of cloth; the machine in motion thus

page_text: causes the needle to pass rapidly through the pad, and by this action the
needle is sharpened or polished as required. By preference I employ
emery powder mixed with glycerine, which paste I place between the
two pieces of cloth, securing same by sewing or otherwise for the
purpose above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR CONTINUOUS MATCHES, AND IN BINDING MATERIALS FOR MAKING CONTINUOUS AND OTHER MATCHES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Perkins and George
Grainger Tandy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th December 1870.
We, WILLIAM PERKINS, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey,
Chemist, and GEORGE GRAINGER TANDY, of Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR CONTINUOUS MATCHES, AND IN BINDING
MATERIALS FOR MAKING CONTINUOUS AND OTHER MATCHES," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention consists, firstly, in the construction of a holder for
continuous matches, the object being to provide a suitable surface upon
which the match can be ignited by friction when projected out of the
tubular holder. We effect this object by employing a sliding back which
not only serves as a holder for the prepared papers upon which to strike
the match, but is also provided with a cap for covering the point of the
projecting tube, thus preventing the pocket being soiled by any matters
which may be produced by the combustion of the match and deposited
on this point. The holder or case is also provided with receptacles for a
supply of matches. It thus combines all the qualities of the well-

page_text: known Perry pencil cases, together with a striking surface and cap, and
receptacles for a supply of matches equal to about eighty lights or
matches of the ordinary kind, the whole forming a small elegant box.
The second part of our Invention consists in the employment of
varnishes as binding materials for holding together the combustible
materials employed in the manufacture of continuous matches. These
varnishes are also applicable to the manufacture of all kinds of matches,
fusees, and other friction lights, and possess great advantages over the
glue or gelatine usually employed as they are perfectly waterproof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR TWO-WHEEL CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Snaydon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1870.
I, WILLIAM SNAYDON, of Corscombe, in the County of Dorset, Farmer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRAKES FOR TWO-WHEEL CARRIAGES," to be as follows:―
My Invention has for its object the relief of the pressure on the horse
due to the weight of the loaded vehicle in descending hills, and the
retarding of the wheels at the same time. For this purpose the brake
blocks are adapted to be applied to the inner sides of the naves of the
wheels by means of a pair of inclined levers having their fulcra fixed or
suspended from the axle and worked by means of a screw or other
suitable means at the front part of the vehicle. By this arrangement
the brake blocks are fixed to the short arms of the levers, and may be
applied to the naves of the wheels with the leverage due to the com.
parative length of the longer arms of the levers_in_such a manner_as--
to press upon the hinder parts of the naves in an upward direction when
the front ends of the levers aro pressed downwards by means of the
screw or otherwise. And when the said leverage is applied to vehicles

page_text: with springs, or vehicles in which the brakes are required to be applied
by the driver while seated, the levers instead of being inclined and the
front ends brought together as above stated would be each parallel to
the sides of the vehicle; the levers may also be springs and would be
acted upon as required at their front ends through a cross bar moved
or pressed upon by means of a crank worked by a handle brought
within reach of the driver or by other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SPINNING MOTTLED YARN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Whitaker and Eber Stead
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th April 1870.
We, ALFRED WHITAKER and EBER STEAD, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Spinning Overlookers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
MOTTLED YARN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the spinning from two rovings of different
colours and of different thicknesses, for the purpose of producing a mottled
effect on the yarn. Heretofore when passing such rovings between the
same pair of back rollers or nip rollers the smaller roving is not nipped
or held sufficiently tight. Now to remedy this we employ two series or
lines of bottom back rollers, and one series or line of top back press
rollers, which rest in the angle between the bottom ones, but this line
of top rollers we divide in or about the middle of the bottom rollers, so

page_text: that of two rovings to be spun together cach passes under a separate
top back press roller yet over the same bottom ones. We use fixed
guides behind the back rollers, and traverse guides in front of the said
back rollers.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SLIVER OR COTTON CANS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1870.
I, WILLIAM COOPER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Tinplate
Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SLIVER OR COTTON CANS," to be as follows: —
This Invention relates to receptacles for receiving the sliver of wool,
cotton, or other fibrous substances which issue from the machinery
employed in the preparation, and the improvements consist in the con-
struction of a ring or rim of metal tubing with a slit to fit on or receive
the top edges of the can. This rim is soldered fast and made smooth,
thereby protecting the edges of the can, and preventing the catching of
the fibres on the edge thereof as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BUSHES OF PULLEY BLOCKS FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brooks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st.
October 1870.
I, JOHN BROOKS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE BUSHES OF PULLEY BLOCKS FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of antifriction.
bushes for pulley blocks, and it consists in so arranging the parts of the-
bush that the antifriction rollers are efficiently supported. The bush.
is made in two principal parts namely, the lower or inner portion, which
is formed with a circular recess to receive the antifriction rollers, and
an upper or outer part or cover which is secured to the lower or inner
part by screws or rivets. The antifriction rollers themselves are formed
with a journal or gudgeons at each end, and the inner recess of the block.
situated between the lower or inner part and the upper or outer. part.

page_text: and cover has at both sides a recess formed therein of sufficient width
and depth to receive the journals or gudgeons, and these annular recesses
or grooves constitute the bearings in which the several antifriction
rollers revolve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET GLASS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Windle Pilkington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th August 1870.
I, WILLIAM WINDLE PILKINGTON, of St. Helen's, in the County of
Lancaster, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET GLASS,
AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows :-
-
My Invention relates to a method of manufacturing sheet glass
whereby the operations of the blower are assisted mechanically, for which
purpose I propose to employ an arrangement of apparatus which relieves
the workman of the weight of metal to be blown, and which enables him
readily to effect the required swinging, while at the same time a rotary
motion may be imparted. To accomplish these objects I employ a tube
formed in two or more parts, a portion being mounted so as to be capable
of being turned upon a centre to admit the blow pipe. For obtaining
rotary motion the above mentioned tube is enclosed within another
also capable of being opened, and to this I adapt an axis provided with a
toothed pinion in gear with another which is driven, or equivalent means
as by pullies and bands may be adopted. The apparatus, with or

page_text: without rotary motion, is suspended by radial arms or by similar means,
and the workman can therefore swing it as desired, while at the same
time a rotary motion may be imparted. I propose to supply the blow
pipe from a chamber containing mechanically compressed air, but the
ordinary blowing by the workman may be adopted. In order to confine
the blow pipe to its tube I propose to line the latter with cork, felt, or
other such suitable substance.
IMPROVED MEANS OF APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hartley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1870..
I, WILLIAM HARTLEY, of Little Horton, Bradford, in the County of
York, Grocer and Paper Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER BAGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a block of the size and form of the bag to
be produced. One end of the block is fixed to suitable framework, and
a series of moveable lappers and one or more holders are so arranged and
operated that paper when cut to proper size and pasted can be fed or
placed between the said lappers and the block and wrapped around the
block to form the bag. The lappers are moved by a series of cams or
tappets fixed on a series of rotatory shafts acting at suitable times.
When the paper is wrapped around the block by some of the lappers it
is held by one or more holders while the bottom of the bag is folded by
other lappers, and in the meanwhile the former lappers have been released,
so that another paper can be fed or supplied between the lappers and the

page_text: lock, ready to be wrapped on the said block so soon as the formed bag
removed, which may be effected by the attendant or by mechanical
means. The feeding may also be effected either by hand or any suitable
mechanism.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR SECURING CLOTHES OR OTHER ARTICLES UPON A ROPE OR LINE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Chase at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th December 1870.-A communication from abroad by Henry
Austin Tweed, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CHASE, of Fish Street Hill, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED DEVICE FOR SECURING CLOTHES OR OTHER ARTICLES UPON A ROPE OR LINE,"
a communication, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the production of a simple, durable,
and convenient device for securing articles upon a clothes line. For this
purpose I form of a single piece of metal a clip ring or clasp,
which is adapted for retaining itself upon a clothes line, and for clasping
and firmly holding any article thereon as herein-after explained. The
body of the clasp, or that part which encloses the line, is nearly a
complete circle but must be open on one side. At this open side the
metal of which the ring is made is extended outward to form jaws
or clasping flanges which may be of the same or of greater length
than the ring or circular part of the clasp. The griping or clasping

page_text: jaws are formed to meet or close tightly together, but they are flared
or curved outward so that any article may be readily inserted between
them. The ring or loop of the clasp as well as its jaws are corrugated
for the purpose of affording the required stiffness to the clasp while
allowing it to be made of thin metal. I prefer that it should be concave
externally and convex internally. If desirable however the corrugations
may be made to present convex exterior surfaces, but it is preferable
to have its edges turned outward. It is desirable to have the ring
or loop elastic or springy so that when its jaws are drawn apart they
will spring together and thus gripe and firmly retain anything introduced
between them. I therefore prefer to make the device of some elastic
metal, which may be galvanized to prevent oxidation, and may be either
cast or struck up into the required form between suitable dies. The
ring or loop portion of the clasp encompasses the line and that portion
of the article to be held which passes over the line and the jaws hold the
said article beneath the line. To apply the clasps after an article is
spread over a line they are slipped over the edges of the said article
by moving them in a direction with the length of the line. The rings
or loops should be slightly larger than the diameter of the line for
which they are intended to be used, so that they will receive between
them and the line one or two thicknesses of cloth. If sufficiently
elastic the clasps may be put upon a line by springing their jaws apart,
but it is intended to keep these clasps permanently upon the line so that
they will always be at hand when required. Therefore they should be
slipped upon one end of a line before it is fastened to its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALTS OF AMMONIA FROM AMMONIACAL GAS LIQUOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew M°Niel and William
Wheaton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th September 1870.
We, ANDREW MCNIEL, of Tiverton, in the County of Devon, Engineer,
and WILLIAM WHEATON, of Exeter, in the same County, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SALTS OF AMMONIA FROM AMMONIACAL GAS LIQUOR," to be
as follows:-
:-
Our Invention has for its object to obtain salts of ammonia from
ammoniacal gas liquor and to apply them more particularly to the
manufacture of artificial manure.
Various processes have heretofore been employed for extracting the
ammonia from gas liquor, and we have ourselves obtained Letters Patent
dated 16th November 1868, No. 3484, for effecting this object by treating
the liquor with gypsum or gypseous marls. We have however discovered
that if the gas liquor be heated (in the presence of animal matters) with
any of the chemical substance, such as sulphuric acid or sulphates or

page_text: other salts which will disengage the ammonia, then a larger proportion
than heretofore of the ammonia can be obtained from the liquor. Our
Invention therefore consists in adding to the gas liquor when treated
by any of the known processes for disengaging the ammonia therefrom
animal matters such as bones, blood, or other animal offal. When the
ammonia is disengaged by the chemical agents a considerable portion
will be taken up by the animal matters, and these latter will be dissolved
in the process and reduced to such a state that they may be converted
into manure by any of the ordinary processes, or the ammonia may be
extracted and used for other purposes in the arts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MILLING OR FULLING AND WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1870.
I, ALFRED JOHNSON, of Healey, Ossett, near Wakefield, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MILLING OR FULLING AND WASHING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect a more speedy stoppage of
the action of such machines when anything gets wrong, or when the
fabric which is under operation is not passing properly or freely
through the machine. For this purpose instead of employing the fast
and loose pullies with driving belt as heretofore for driving or giving
motion to such machines and for stopping the same by transferring the
belt from one pulley to the other, I employ a loose pulley for the belt
to be constantly on, and a friction plate mounted on the shaft so as to
slide on a feather or key into or out of contact with the said pulley.
Also a brake wheel is attached outside thereof to the end of the shaft by
means of of a screw, and a brake formed to fit the wheel is hinged to the

page_text: frame so as to be operated by the ordinary knocking-off board. This
brake wheel when turned in the proper direction, or according to which
direction the screw is formed, forces the friction plate into close contact
with the pulley, the friction or adhesion of which thereby gives motion
to the machine. And when the brake is applied to the wheel it
unscrews the screw and thereby the plate is released from its frictional
contact with the pulley, and thus the action of the machine is stopped.
Also I apply a lever hinged to the framing of such machines at each
end of the rollers resting upon the top roller shaft, and these levers are
connected by rods to other levers hinged on a rocking shaft, to which is
also fixed a lever connected by a rod to either the aforesaid brake or it
may be connected to an ordinary clutch box.
In this case when the said top roller is lifted by reason of the lapping
of the fabric thereon, or when not passing properly through the
machine, the levers are operated thereby, and either the brake is
applied as herein-before explained, or the clutch box is thrown out of
gear, and thus in either case the machine is immediately stopped in its
action, whereby damage to the fabric is prevented, danger to the
attendant is avoided, and wear and tear of driving belts is very much
reduced.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND COTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Alfred Read at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1870.
I, ISAAC ALFRED READ, of Harborne, in the County of Stafford,
Modeller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND COTS," to be as follows:-
In bedsteads having head and foot rails of the kind called French ends
the whole of the parts constituting the said heads are joined together
by casting or otherwise so as to form one piece. The want of portability
of the parts of bedsteads so made occasions great inconvenience in
their packing and transit, and the principal object of my Invention is to
remedy this inconvenience, and my said Invention consists in making
the parts and connecting them together in the manner herein-after
described.
According to my Invention I make the head and foot rails separate
from the end angle bars and pillars of the French end, and connect the
said rails to the said angle bars by means of dovetails, joints, or other

page_text: convenient joints which will permit of the ready connection and separation
of the parts. I prefer to use dovetail joints for this purpose. In con-
necting the rail to the end angle bars by the use of dovetail joints I make
near each end of the said angle bar a she or hollow dovetail and I
make at the bottom of the head or foot rail and near each end thereof
a he dovetail of a shape and size proper to fit in or engage with the she
or hollow dovetails on the angle bar. The position of the dovetails on
the angle bar and head or foot rail respectively is such that when the
said dovetails are engaged together the rail is fixed symmetrically on
the supporting angle bar. By lifting the he dovetails of the head
or foot rail from the she or hollow dovetails of the angle bar the
said rail may be separated from the angle bar for packing. The head
and foot rails may have any desired ornamental shape given to them,
and the position and number of the dovetail or other joints may be
varied, the essence of my Invention consisting in so making the separate
rails and the angle bars for supporting them that the said parts can be
securely and expeditiously connected together for use, and separated
from one another for packing and transit.
My Invention is applicable to metallic cots as well as bedsteads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF COAL GAS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1870.
I, DAVID JONES, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF COAL GAS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture and treatment of ordinary
carburetted hydrogen or coal gas for the purpose of purifying and
increasing its illuminating properties.
in its
gas
passage
from
According to one part of my improvements the
the retorts to the gas holder is conducted through a coil of metal pipe
(by preference of copper) heated to redness; or in place of a coil of pipe
the gas may pass through tortuous passages, channels, or highly-heated
chambers in order to raise the gas to a high temperature before it passes
to the purifiers. Superheated steam is by preference combined with the
gas as it issues from the retorts into the hydraulic main in the pro-
portion of about one volume of steam to three of gas; but I do not

page_text: confine myself to these proportions, or the use of superheated steam in
combination with the gas, as the gas may be advantageously treated
according to my Invention without combining it with steam. The gas
having been exposed to the action of a considerable extent of highly-
heated metallic surfaces is then conducted through the ordinary purifiers
to the gas holder; and in its passage to the burners I prefer to subject
the gas to further treatment by causing it to pass through a coil of metal
pipes, passages, or channels (by preference copper) heated to redness,
and then through a purifier consisting of partially slacked lime, whereby
the sulphur and other impurities are eliminated.
In place of using the several processes above described in combination
ordinary carburetted hydrogen or coal gas may, according to my Inven-
tion, be treated in its passage from the gas holder to the burners by
conducting it through the apparatus last described, with or without the
use of superheated steam.
AN IMPROVED WASHER FOR LOCKING SCREW NUTS ON THEIR BOLTS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,.
Lake & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED WASHER FOR LOCKING SCREW NUTS
ON THEIR BOLTS."-A communication from abroad by William Hunter
x
Mishiman United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 17th August 1870, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
- TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS, I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED.
WASHER FOR LOCKING SCREW NUTS ON THEIR BOLTS," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,.
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that it has been communicated to me from abroad by

page_text: washer, the latter connot be turned, as its studs occupying the extremities
of the openings of the fish plate at its greatest diameter would effectually
prevent such rotation of the washer. The nut is now ready to be locked,
which is done by simply bending up one of the projecting ends or corners
of the washer against the side of the nut. The thickness of the washer
should be such as to prevent the turning of the nut without considerable
force is applied, and not so great that it cannot readily be bent up against
the nut by means of a hammer and blunt chisel, or other convenient
devices.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, I wish it understood that I do not
confine myself to the single application of this washer for securing the
nuts to fish bolts, but intend to use it wherever a bolt hole is arranged
to receive its stud or studs for locking nuts in any and in all positions,
and I claim the nut locking washer D, when constructed substantially
as herein described, and operating as and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
D. L. WAGNER.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MEANS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eardley Louis Charles D'Ivernois
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th July 1870.
I, EARDLEY LOUIS CHARLES D'IVERNOIS, of Paris, France, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MEANS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC LIGHT," to be as follows:-
The object of this improvement in the means for producing electric
light is by increasing the intensity of an electric light without being
obliged to increase the power of the galvanic battery, magneto-electric
machine, or other analogous source of electricity from which the electric
current or currents is derived, by means of which the said light is developed;
and the Invention consists in dividing the said current into two or more
smaller separate currents acting in combination for producing the light,
which I effect by making use instead of the ordinary pair of carbon
electrodes or carbon points between which the voltaic arc is formed by
the effect of the passing of the current through them of any suitable
larger number of such electrodes situated in such manner in respect
to each other so as to cause the voltaic arcs developed by them of
crossing or intersecting each other, besides the source of electricity

page_text: itself may be divided so as to give rise to several separate currents
acting simultaneously; thus for instance the galvanic battery may be
divided into two or more smaller batteries, or instead of one large
magneto-electric machine two or more smaller ones may be made
use of simultaneously.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING FURS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Simmonds at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th November 1870.
I, THOMAS HENRY SIMMONDS, of Old Street, St. Luke's, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING FURS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in boxes for containing furs
and protecting them from the ravages of insects.
The improvement consists in lining or coating the millboard, scale-
board, or other material of which such boxes or receptacles are usually
made with a layer of sawdust obtained in working cedar wood, (in the
manufacture of pencils for instance) which wood it is well known has a
destructive influence on insects contained in furs, I am thus enabled to
utilize a waste article, which I combine with the material of which the
box is to be formed in the following manner :-I apply to the surface
of the sheet of millboard, scaleboard, or other material of which such
boxes are usually made a coating of adhesive substance, glue for

page_text: instance, upon which I sprinkle the cedar wood sawdust.. The sheet so
covered or coated is then placed in a press to ensure the adhesion of the
sawdust, and when partially dry is passed between rollers to perfect the
combination of the materials and give the sheet a smooth surface, after
which the material is worked up into boxes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER WRAPPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Stewart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1870.
I, ALLAN STEWART, of No. 12, Old Cavendish Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER WRAPPERS," to be as follows:-
c
This Invention has for its object a new and increased protection to the
person against cold, which is effected by putting on a square rug (or
nearly so) diamond way on the back of the wearer, with a running cord
at one corner which is tied round the waist, the opposite corner being
turned up to form a bag for the feet, the side corners wrapped double
over the knees, and to be used as a cloak by tying the cord round the
neck, and with hood formed by turning up the top corner over the
head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OF WAR AND FORTIFICATIONS, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO GARMENTS TO BE WORN BY SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN WAR TIME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Eiflander at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1870.
I, JOHN EIFLANDER, of Saint Mary Axe, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OF WAR AND FORTIFICATIONS, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO GARMENTS TO BE WORN BY SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN
WAR TIME," to be as follows:—
As regards ships of war and fortifications the object and intention of
this Invention is to render them more easily shot proof, and especially
with armour-clad ships to reduce the weight of the metal plating.
-I
I propose to accomplish these objects by the following means :-
cover the exposed parts of ships of war and fortifications by affixing
thereto a cellular network of iron wire made by combining together or
interlacing a series of helices or tubes of coiled wire somewhat similar in
appearance to a number of ordinary wire springs joined together. In
applying this to armour-clad ships I propose to use one, two, or more
layers of the above-described wirework, and if desirable place felt, cork,

page_text: or other suitable elastic substance between each layer. By these means
I present a resisting medium for shot to strike against, and obviate
the necessity for employing heavy armour plates as at present practised
in the construction of armour-clad ships of war. And this applies to
wooden ships, fortifications, and other places of defence.
E
As regards the applicability of this Invention to garments to be worn
by soldiers and sailors in war time, it will appear evident that by dis-
posing a network of the above description by preference inside of the
garments, and so disposed as to cover and protect the vital parts of the
body, the effect of shot striking against the above-mentioned network 1
it is assumed would be less likely to prove fatal than if such network
were not employed.