Improvements in Hydrocarbon and other Vapour Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydrocarbon and other Vapour Motors.
I, EDWARD MARTEN PAYNE, of No. 26 Chichele Road, Cricklewood, in the
County of Middlesex Bachelor of Medicine do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in hydro carbon or other vapour
motors in which the vapour is expanded and condensed by a differentiated
temperature, the relative pressures acting upon the working parts of said motors
and thus producing the required force. The object of my invention is to obviate
the many disadvantages attending the direct heating of a volatile inflammable
fluid, such as ether, ethyl nitrite, bisulphide of carbon, benzoline, naptha or the
like, with the consequent risk due to the explosive properties of the vapor when
mixed even in small proportions with atmospheric air, and also to maintain the
temperature of the vapour until it has passed the working position of the machine.
In carrying my invention into effect, I prefer to place the furnace or actual
source of heat at a considerable distance from, or otherwise sealed or protected
from the working motor. I may, in some cases, detach the motor entirely, as
when employed to propel a vehicle for a short distance, and use water or any
saturated solution of salts, such as nitrate of soda, or calcic nitrate for example,
in which the boiling point is high, and the temperature may be retained for an
appreciably useful period of time.
In any case of adaptation, I prefer to immerse the motor, and what may herein-
after be termed the "heating chamber" within a closed vessel containing heated
water, or any suitable solution as aforesaid. If the motor consists in a single or
double acting cylinder, with a reciprocating piston or plunger, said piston or
plunger is connected by a rod passing through a gland and stuffing box affixed to
the closed vessel before referred to. The "heating chamber" is immersed in the
heated liquid and contains the hydro carbon or other volatile substance,. which
is thus vaporized, and acts by ordinary expansion, through the medium of slide
or other controlling valves upon the piston which is coupled if necessary to a
crank and shaft outside the closed vessel, so that the reciprocatory motion may
be converted into rotary motion. The valve or valves, and also a feed pump for
maintaining the required volume of hydrocarbon within the heating chamber
are also operated by the shaft or like means. The exhaust passes into a spiral, or
any surface condenser, and this being surrounded by a fluid of sufficiently low
temperature to condense the hydrocarbon so that it may be again injected into
the heating chamber establishes a cycle, which may be maintained so long as the
difference of temperature of the two chambers are kept at what will be found to
be normal to both for producing the best effect in practice.

page_text: Heretofore, I have referred only to piston motors, but I may in lieu thereof
employ any type of centrifugal motor inmersing it in the first closed vessel,
and carrying the rotating shaft through a stuffing box and gland or any equivalent
therefor. I may, in fact use a mercury seal in addition to the ordinary gland
and stuffing box, or separate therefrom, to more securely close without adding to
the friction of the moving parts of the only part of the motor according to my
invention, which is open to the atmosphere, or I may prefer to make the pressure
of the vapour act indirectly upon the piston or other moving parts of the motor
through the medium of water or any other fluid upon the surface or surfaces
which the pressure of the vapour acts directly to produce motion.
The essential features of my said invention are, in the maintenance of a
differential fluid temperature, by the circulation of heated and cooled water
between the first closed vessel containing the heating chamber and also the work-
ing parts of the motor, and the second cool vessel which is also closed and contains
the surface condenser.
Or, as before described, I may charge one vessel with a saturated solution of
a suitable salt heated to the required degree, and maintain a lower temperature
within the second vessel by any means for circulation, which may be adapted to a
locomotive or vehicle.
I do not confine myself to the details herein set forth provisionally, but may
vary these to suit different cases of adaptation without departing from the essential
features of my invention as aforesaid.
Dated this 28th day of November 1896.
Improvements in Hydrocarbon and other Vapour Motors.
I EDWARD MARTEN-PAYNE, of No. 26 Chichele Road, Cricklewood in the
County of Middlesex, Bachelor of Medicine do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in hydrocarbon and other vapor
motors, in which the vapor is expanded and condensed by a differentiated
temperature, the relative pressures acting upon the working parts of said motors
and thus producing the required force. The object of my invention is to obviate
the many disadvantages attending the direct heating of a volatile inflammable
fluid, such as ether, ethyl nitrite, bisulphide of carbon benzoline, naptha, or the
like, with the consequent risk due to the explosive properties of the vapor when
mixed even in small proportions with atmospheric air, and also to maintain the
temperature of said vapor until it has passed the piston or other working part of
the machine or motor.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood, I have appended the
accompanying sheet of drawings in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a
vertical piston and crank motor arranged according to my invention and Figure 2
is an elevation of a jacketted rotatory motor similarly adapted, like letters of
reference being used to denote corresponding parts in both views.
In carrying my invention into effect I prefer to place the furnace or source of
heat at a distance from the motor, or to enclose it so that it is sealed relatively
to the working parts, or said furnace may be detached from the motor altogether,

page_text: the heat being conserved by heated water, or any saturated solution of salts, such
as nitrate of soda, or calcic nitrate, in which the boiling point is high and the
initial temperature may be retained for an appreciable period of time.
Referring to Figure 1, I employ a chamber A containing water or the like
heated by an independent source apart from the apparatus, or by internal tubes
or flues. This may hereinafter he termed the "heating chamber." A boiler B
is immersed in the heated liquid, and contains a volatile fluid which may boil
and create a useful pressure of vapour at a lower temperature than that of boiling
water. A pipe P leads to the valve box C of an ordinary reciprocatory motor Y
and the pressure causes the piston and rods thereof to operate in the usual manner.
It is essential that every part of the motor in contact with the vapor should be
maintained at the same degree of temperature as the liquid in A, by jacketting
or otherwise, until said vapor has done its work and is upon the eduction side of
the motor. This applies also to rotatory motors, which must be jacketted, or any
motor that is not enclosed in the heating chamber. The exhaust is led through
an eduction pipe E to the condensation chamber F of a surface condenser, the
pipes or tubes H of which are surrounded by a volume of cold water or other
fluid supplied to the tank T by the pipes p p. The vapor being thus condensed
is collected in a liquid form in the lower well G from whence it is drawn by the
pump I through the pipe and delivered to the boiler B through the pipe h¹
where it is again evaporated. Thus the conversion of the volatile fluid in 'B' into
vapor under pressure is attained by a low degree of temperature without the
application of direct heat or fire and the subsequent condensation in F by a lower
degree of temperature, and the return of the fluid to B by the pump I constitutes
the cycle of operation, which may be maintained so long as the difference of
temperature of the two chamber A and T are kept at the normal degree which
produces the best effect.
In the above example I have shown and described for the purposes of illus-
tration, a piston, or reciprocatory motor, but I may employ any kind of rotatory,
motor; either immersing it in the heating chamber A and carrying the rotating
shaft through glands and stuffing boxes to the outside, or I may mount said motor
upon the top of said heating chamber A as shown by Figure 2 carrying the
pressure pipe P through the cover, and leading the eduction pipe E to the con-
denser as herein before described. In addition to glands and stuffing boxes of
the ordinary type I may in every case of adaptation use a mercury seal which,
without adding to the friction, prevents the escape of the vapor.
Without departing from the essential features of my said invention, I may
cause the pressure of the vapor aforesaid to act indirectly upon the piston or
other moving part or parts of the motor to be driven, using water or any other
fluid as an intermediary agent.
It is not essential that the motor should be enclosed in the vessel A with the
boiler B but it is necessary to maintain the temperature by hot water jacketting
or the like until the vapor has done its work and passed into the eduction pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
First. In hydrocarbon and other vapor motors the employment of a chamber
containing heated water or other liquid medium holding the boiler or generator
of pressure in combination with a reciprocatory or rotatory motor, the exhaust
vapor being condensed after use and returned to the generator in a fluid state,
substantially as herein described and shown by the appended drawings.
Second. In hydrocarbon and other vapor motors the method of and means for
producing a differential pressure and temperature, independently of the direct
application of flame or fuel, substantially as herein described with reference to
the appended drawings.
Third. In hydrocarbon and other vapor motors the combination of a heating

page_text: vessel containing a generator, with a condenser and feed pump adapted to a motor
substantially as and for the purposes herein described with reference to the
drawings.
Di 04th ow of An 1907
FREDK. WALKER,
73 St. Stephens Road, Upton Park, London, E., Agent for the Applicant.