IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JACQUARD PILED OR TERRY PROAL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Sussex Place, Lough-
borough Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JACQUARD PILED OR TERRY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th January 1856.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JACQUARD PILED OR TERRY
FABRICS WHEN PARTI-COLOURED YARNS ARE USED," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate more particularly to the manufacture of Brus-
sells and Wilton carpets, and such other piled or terry fabrics as have their
figures wrought from several sets of worsted, each set being of a different colour
from the others, and parts of each set being from time to time brought to the
surface of the cloth by the jacquard machine, to form its due proportion of the
pattern. The object of these improvements is to save worsted, that is to say,
to produce a given number of colors in the pattern by a less number of sets
of worsted in the cloth, or by the same number of sets of worsted in the
cloth to produce a greater number of colours in the pattern than has heretofore
been-done.

page_text: The first part of the Invention relates to the fabric to be wrought, and con-
sists in combining one or more sets of parti-coloured warps with one or more
sets of plain dyed warps, such as are used in ordinary Brussells or Wilton car-
pets, both the plain dyed and parti-coloured warps being wrought into the
figure by the jacquard machine. The parti-colored warps are particularly
applicable to those parts of the figare which form the ground or form the
largest plain parts of the figure, for, by using them in that way the part of the
warps where any two colours unite may be kept in the body of the cloth, and
only such parts as are distinctly colored brought up into the figure. 1 intend,
however, to use the parti-coloured warps for shading also.
It is well known to those who are familiar with the manufacture of jacquard
piled or terry fabrics, that those parts of the warps which are brought up over
the pile wires to form the figure are taken up in greater lengths than those
which remain in the body of the cloth; it is desirable, therefore, for the conve-
nience of working the loom, in producing such fabrics as I have described, that
the pattern or figure for the fabric should be designed with especial reference
to the lengths of the parti-coloured worsted to be taken up in weaving.
Another part of the Invention therefore consists in forming the pattern or
designs for such fabrics as are herein contemplated, in such manner that each
thread in each set (if more than one set is used) of the parti-colored warps
shall, in the course of weaving the pattern, be brought up over the pile wires
the same number of times, so that in weaving the pattern once over, all the
threads will be taken up equally, and though the threads may not be taken up
equal lengths in equal times, the whole amount taken up of each thread during
the weaving of the pattern will be equal.
Another part of the Invention relates to the machinery for regulating the
delivery of the parti-colored warps during the operation of weaving, and con-
sists in the employment of weights on the threads, and so combining them with
the warp beam that they not only regulate the delivery of the warps from the
warp beam, according to the superior demand of any given thread at any given
time, but also take up the slack of such threads as at the time being are not
being taken up into the figure as much as others. This part of the Invention will
he better understood by reference to the accompanying Drawing. (a) repre-
sents the warp beam which contains the parti-colored warps, which are set to
the pattern and beamed, as in case of parti-colored tapestry warps; (b) repre-
sents the let-off shaft; and (c), a worm, which engages with the cogged wheel
(d), as in common looms; (e) represents a pulley, which turns on the shaft (6),
and carries the pawl (f), which works the ratchet (g) to turn the yarn beam.
The pulley (e) has two grooves, one for the cord (h), which is attached to the

page_text: |lathe, and works the let-off motion; and the other for the; cord (i), which is
attached to the spring (5), which draws back the pawl (f) for renewed action.
The warps, as represented by red lines, pass from the warp beam (a) over the
roller (k) and rod (1) through their respective weights (m, m,) and rod n, to the
jacquard harness. The arms (o, o,) one on either end of the roller (k,) extend
forward, and are connected together by the plate (p.) which covers the space
between the rods (l and n); (9) represents a regulating pawl or feeler, which' is
connected to the arm (o) by the rod (1). The operation is as follows:-At-the
beginning of the pattern, the weights (m, m,) are supposed to be on a level
about in the position of the top one, as represented in the Drawing; then as
the weaving of the pattern goes on, the weights on their respective threads
which are not taken up into the figure so much at any one timo as otliers,
will fall down and take up the slack, some to a greater and others to a less
distance, as the case may be, until the completion of the pattern, when they
will all rise to the level from whence they started.
Whenever any one of the warp threads is woven up so as to require nioré
warps to be let off from the beam, the top part of its weight will strike against
the plate (p), and raise the pawl or feeler (7.) and allow the cord (h) to turn
the warp beam; then as more warps are being let off than any one of the warp
threads require, so that none of the weights touch the plate (p,) the pawl or
feeler (9) engages with one of the notches on the pulley (e) and holds the pawl
(f) forward, so that the cord (h) produces no action until the pawl or feeler (9)
is again released. In case there should be any variation in the length of the
threads at the completion on the pattern, the excess of length may be taken tip in
the body or at the back of the cloth; and to facilitate this, a bar may be placed
under the bottom of the weights when the pattern is nearly completed, and lift
those whose threads are too long, so that by thus diminishing the tension of
the long threads, they will by the process of weaving 'be taken up. in the cloth
more rapidly. The plain dyed yarn may be put on to spools, as in the ordinary
Brussells carpet loom.
To give more room for the weights on the warps, the number of rods (2) and
-(n), over which the warps pass, and the plates (p), may be increased. The parti-
coloured warps may be colored either by the printing or dyeing process. In
weaving, I prefer to place the parti-colored warps above the creels containing
the plain dyed warps, that is to say, let them take the place of the upper frames
in Brussells carpet looms, for in that position they are. less liable to be drawn
into the body of the cloth unequally than when placed at the bottom of the
plant: To prevent the parti-colored warps from being unduly taken into the
cloth during the operation of weaving, I place clamps, which constitute-the last

page_text: part of the Invention, upon said warps, between the jacquard harness and the
weights (m, m,) on the threads; said clamps being made to gripe said warps
and hold them firmly when the lathe strikes the cloth; and also, during other
stages of the operation of the loom at which the warps are likely to be unduly
taken up, and relax their hold, to allow the said warps to advance to answer
the proper demand made upon them at such stage of the operation of the loom
as will least affect the taking-up of the warps, which is usually that during
which the pile wire is being inserted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Tomlinson Bousfielt, Her special licence that I, the said
George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JACQUARD PILED
OR TERRY FABRICS WHEN PARTI-COLORED YARNS ARE USED, "a communication,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof:-
These improvements relate more particularly to the manufacture of Brussels
and Wilton carpets, and such other piled or terry fabrics as have their figures
wrought from several sets of worsted, each set being of a different color from
the others, and parts of each sets being from time to time brought to the sur-
face of the cloth by the jacquard machine, to form its due proportion of the
pattern. The object of these improvements is to save worsted, that is to say,
to produce a given number of colors in the pattern by a less number of sets of
worsted in the cloth, or by the same number of sets of worsted in the cloth
to produce a greater number of colors in the pattern than has heretoforo
been done.
The first part of the Invention relates to the fabric to be wrought, and con-
sists in combining one or more sets of parti-colored warps with one or more
sets of plain dyed warps, such as are used in ordinary Brussels or Wilton
carpets, both the plain dyed and parti-colored warps being wrought into the
figure by the jacquard machine. The parti-colored warps are particularly
applicable to those parts of the figure which form the ground, or form the
largest plain parts of the figure, for, by using them in that way, the part of the
'warps where any two colored unite may be kept in the body of the cloth; and
only such parts as are distinctly colored brought up into the figure. I intend,
however, to use the parti-colored warps for shading also.
It is well known to those who are familiar with the manufacture of jacquard
piled or terry fabrics, that those parts of the warps which are brought up over
the pile wires to form the figure are taken up in greater lengths than thoso
which remain in the body of the cloth; it is desirable, therefore, for the conve-
nience of working the loom, in producing such fabrics as I have described,
that the pattern or figure for the fabric should be designed with especial
reference to the lengths of the party colored worsted to be taken up in
weaving.
Another part of the Invention therefore consists in forming the pattern or
designs for such fabrics as are herein contemplated, in such manner that each
thread in each set (if more than one set is used, of the parti-colored warps
shall, in the course of weaving the pattern, be brought up over the pile wires
the same number of times, so that in weaving the pattern once over, all the
threads will be taken up equally, and though the threads may not be taken up
equal lengths in equal times, the whole amount taken up of each thread. during
the weaving of the pattern will be equal.
Another part of the Invention relates to the machinery for regulating the

page_text: delivery of the parti-colored warps during the operation of weaving, and consists
in the the employment of weights on the threads, and so combining them with
the warp beam that they not only regulate the delivery of the warps from the
warp beam, according to the superior demand of any given thread at any given
time, but also take up the slack of such threads as at the time being are not
being taken up into the figure as much as others. This part of the Invention
will be better understood by reference to the accompanying Drawing. a repre-
sents the warp beam which contains the parti-colored warps, which are set to
the pattern and beamed, as in case of parti-colored tapestry warps; b repre-
sents the let-off shaft; and c, a worm, which engages with the cogged wheel
d, as in common looms; e represents a pulley, which turns on the shaft b, and
carries the pawl f, which works the ratchet g to turn the yarn beam. The
pulleye has two grooves, one for the cord h, which is attached to the lathe, and
works the let off motion; and the other for the cord i, which is attached to the
spring j, which draws back the pawlf for renewed action.
The warps, as represented by red lines, passed from the warp beam a over
the roller k and rod 7, through their respective weights m, m, and rod n to the
jacquard harness. The arms o, o, one on either end of the roller k, extend for-
ward, and are connected together by the plate p, which covers the space between
the rods, n; 9 represents a regulating pawl or feeler, which is connected to
the arm o by the rod r. The operation is as follows:-At the beginning of the
pattern the weights m, n, are supposed to be on a level about in the position
of the top one, as represented in the Drawing; then as the weaving of the
pattern goes on, the weights on their respective threads which are not taken
up into the figure so much at any one time as others, will fall down and take
up the slack, some to a greater and others to a less distance, as the case may
be, until the completion of the pattern, when they will all rise to the level from
whence they started.
Whenever any one of the warp threads is woven up so as to require more
warps to be let off from the beam, the top part of its weight will strike against
the plate p and raise the pawl or feeler q, and allow the cord h to turn the
warp beam; then, as more warps are being let off than any one of the warp
threads require, so that none of the weights touch the plate p, the pawl or
feeler q engages with one of the notches on the pulley e, and holds the pawl f
forward, so that the cord h produces no action until the pawl or feeler q is again
released. In case there should be any variation in the length of the threads
at the completion on the pattern, the excess of length may be taken up in the
body or at the back of the cloth, and to facilitate this, a bar may be placed
under the bottom of the weights when the pattern is nearly completed, and lift

page_text: those whose threads are too long, so that by thus diminishing the tension of the
long threads, they will, by the process of weaving, be taken up in the cloth
more rapidly. The plain dyed yarn may be put on to spools, as in the ordinary
Brussels carpet loom.
To give more room for the weights on the warps,, the number of rods and
n, over which the warps pass, and the plates p, may be increased. The parti-
colored warps may be colored either by the printing or dyeing process.
In.
weaving, I prefer to place the parti-colored warps above the creels containing
the plain dyed warps, that is to say, let them take the place of the upper
frames in Brussels carpet looms, for in that position they are less liable to be
drawn into the body of the cloth unequally than when placed at the bottom of
the plant. To prevent the parti-colored warps from being unduly taken into the
cloth during the operation of weaving, I place clamps, which constitute the last
part of the Invention, and upon said warps, between the jacquard harness and
the weights m, m, on the threads; said clamps being made to grip said warps
and hold them firmly when the lathe strikes the cloth; and also, during other
stages of the operation of the loom at which the warps are likely to be unduly
taken up, and relax their hold, to allow the said warps to advance to answer
the proper demand made upon them at such stage of the operation of the loom,
as will least effect the taking-up of the warps, which is usually that during
which the pile wire is being inserted.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have hero-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
W. S. HARRISON,
New Court, St. Swithin's Lane.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (LS.)