matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS, APPLICABLE TO HOISTING AND OTHER LIFTING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Owen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October
1857.
I, JAMES OWEN, of Worsley, in the County of Lancaster, Carpenter, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS, APPLICABLE TO
HOISTING AND OTHER LIFTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of stopping or arresting the
downward progress of the ascending and descending box or chamber of
hoisting machines, either when the driving band actuating the winding
apparatus becomes accidentally disunited, or when the weight of the chamber
and its load overcomes the friction between the driving band and pulley,
consequently allowing the chamber to descend too rapidly. The apparatus for
stopping the descent of the "box" in such instances to avoid accidents, consists
in an arrangement of levers suitably situated and attached to the chamber,
and in connection with a handle inside the chamber; to these levers are
connected a series of "catches," which may by the movement of the handle
and levers be either forced outwards into suitable upright bars or rods provided
for the purpose, and extending from the top to the bottom of the hoist or well
hole, or they may be so arranged as to close inwards and "grip" the bars, and

page_text: such bars may if preferred have "notches" or recesses formed therein, into
which the catches may be thrown, and thereby enable them to retain a firmer
hold. Thus it will be evident that when an attendant within the chamber
finds it descending at an improper and dangerous speed, either from the afore-
named causes or otherwise, by means of the handle he may bring the catches
into contact with the rods or bars, and thus retard or stop the descent of the
chamber before it reaches the bottom of the shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Puddefoot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with, his Petition, on the 10th June
1857.
I, MICHAEL PUDDEFOOT, of Queen's Terrace, Woolwich Road, Greenwich,
in the County of Kent, Chip and Straw Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOWING MACHINES," to be
as follows:-
The machine of my Invention consists of a circular revolving frame
mounted on a vertical axis, which axis at its lower end rests on and is affixed
to the axis of the wheels carrying the machine. These wheels are comprised
within the limits of the circular frame, the lower end of which approaches to
the ground. The upper end of the vertical axis is affixed to the horizontal
beam or frame by which the machine is pushed along; the other end of this
beam rests on a third wheel, and is furnished with parts whereby the power
of men or motive power may be applied. The revolving frame may bo
cylindrical, conical, or other suitable form. It rests, by means of a suitablo
boss or centre, on the upright axis before mentioned, on which it rotates.
This boss is furnished with a toothed bevil wheel, which takes into a cor-
responding toothed wheel affixed to the running wheels; these wheels thereby
impart rotary motion to the revolving frame. The scythes or cutting blades
are in form somewhat like a reaping hook, and are fixed to the lower part of

page_text: the revolving frame, and extend in a radial direction. I prefer to use three
or six of such blades, that is to say, six arranged round the circle when
cutting grass, but three only for cutting corn, for which purpose I remove
three intermediate ones, which allows room for the corn to fall. The back
part of each cutting blade is furnished with a light frame, on which the cut
produce falls, which frames, in using the six blades, are short, and suited for
grass and other short crop, but are extended to receive the length of the corn,
for which the removal of the intermediate slides makes room.
The machines on being pushed forward causes the revolving frame to carry
round the blades, and so to cut any crop opposed to it. The crop on falling
rests on the receiving frames until it arrives at a certain part of the revo-
lution, when such frames receive a tilt, and throw the crop off at the side, in
which it is assissted by the centrifugal force consequent on the action of the
machine. Instead of this tilting action, a rotary brush may be situate at the
proper point for discharging the cut produce.
A further improvement consists in placing a vertical knife at the point of
each scythe or cutting blade, which cuts and separates vertically the amount
of the crop to be cut, and I further employ a separator fixed to the machine,
which moves a little in advance of the rotary blades, and separates and
disentangles the breadth of the crop to be cut from the remainder of the
standing crop.
AN IMPROVED SHOE AND BOOT SCRAPER OR CLEANER
Year: 1857

page_text: wwwwww
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application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte do
Fontainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 11th July 1857.-(A communication.)
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, Patent Agent, of 39,
Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "AN IMPROVED SHOE AND BOOT
SCRAPER OR CLEANER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in forming the scraper or
cleaner for boots and shoes of a number of pieces of hard leather, cut
or punched out somewhat similar to the form of a hand. The lower part
has one or more holes punched in it, through which a wire is passed. In
order to form the scraper or cleaner, a number of these pieces of leather aro
passed on the wires side by side in rows, and between each piece a washer of
leather is placed to separate them. The number of pieces of leather and rows
vary according to tho required dimensions. The whole are fixed together by
rivetting the wires to a metallic plate at each end of the scraper or cleaner.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF THE BOWLS OF CASTORS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hetherington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1857.
I, JOSEPH HETHERINGTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brass-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF THE BOWLS OF CASTORS FOR FURNITURE," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists in the method, herein-after described, of manu-
facturing such bowls of castors as are made of metal, and have the form of a
bowl, that is to say, a form nearly resembling an oblate spheroid. In making
the said bowls, I form them in two pieces by casting, stamping, pressing, or
otherwise, the said two pieces having a cup-like shape, such that when their
edges are joined together by soldering or otherwise, they constitute a hollow
bowl of the form described. A rod or stem is cast or fixed on one of the cups,
the said stem rising from the middle of the inside. A hole is formed in the
other cup, through which, when the two are put together, the before-mentioned
stem projects, thus forming a hollow bowl with a solid stem or axis running
through; a hole is drilled in the said stem, and the pin or axis on which the
bowl turns, and by which it is connected to the horn of the castor, is passed
through the said hole; there is thus a bush or bearing for the axis, which bush-
or bearing extends across the bowl. I join the the two cups forming the bowl
by brazing or soldering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMP VALVES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Coxon Wilkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1857.
I, THOMAS COXON WILKINSON, of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMP VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of the
valves for double and single acting lift and force pumps, whereby I am
enabled to dispense wholly or in part with the flap or other valves now in use,
according to one arrangement of my improved valves, which is adapted to be
worked by an eccentric cam or tappet or other suitable contrivance, and is
applicable to the raising and forcing of fluids whilst working at a high
velocity; I use a circular valve, having a clear passage round the outside of the
valve for ingress or egress, and an opening or waterway through the centre of
the valve, which is packed by elastic rings to enable it to work sufficiently
water-tight within its casing or cylinder; the port ways over which this valve
works should be cast with bridges or in the form of a grating, to prevent the
packing rings from slipping into them.
According to another modification I propose constructing the valve of a
circular or cylindrical form, having a vertical section in the form of an H, such
valve working freely but fluid-tight in a cylindrical chamber, bolted to or

page_text: formning part of the pump casing. This chamber is formed on one side with
one or two inlet ports (according as it is required for a single or double acting
lift and force pump), and with a single outlet or delivery port on the opposite
sido.
The central portion of the valve has corresponding apertures in it, arranged
in such a manner that, when the working piston of the pump is put in motion,
the vacuum on one side and the compression on the other will move the valve
so as to open the inlet on one side and the outlet on the other alternately,
suitable metallic packing rings are fitted into grooves in the valve for the
purpose of keeping it fluid-tight in its casing or chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Denby Lee and James
Crabtree at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th March 1857.
We, JAMES DENBY LEE, of Shipley, in the Parish of Bradford, and JAMES
CRABTREE, of Windhill, in the Parish of Calverley, both in the West Riding
of the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in power looms consist in the picking department for
weaving woollen, worsted, and other fibres by means of a slide plate guard
and a regulating screw attached to the picking lever, by which means we get
a lighter or a stronger pick as the loom requires, without altering what is com-
monly termed the tappet nose, and we also get a great saving in wear and
tear of the picking motion.
ОBTAINING STARCH FROM A PLANT CALLED ARUM MACULATUM AND ARUM ITALICUM, AND FROM ALL OTHER ROOTS AND PLANTS OF THE ARUM GENUS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
was not given within the time prescribed
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giacomo Sileoni at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1857.
I, GIACOMO SILEONI, of Genoa (Sardinia), Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "ОBTAINING STARCH FROM A PLANT CALLED
ARUM MACULATUM AND ARUM ITALICUM, AND FROM ALL OTHER ROOTS AND PLANTS OF
THE ARUM GENUS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in manufacturing starch from arum maculatum and
arum italicum, commonly called common arum, wake-robin, arum, calfsfoot,
and numerous other names, and from all roots or plants of the same genus,
thereby obtaining an article possessing all the requisities of starch made fron
wheat, potatoes, or other similar plants or roots, whereas the pulp obtained as
a residue may serve alone, or mixed with any other suitable pulp, for manu-
facturing paper, paste or cardboard, or other analogous articles. The roots
are washed, peeled, and cut by a rotary machine or other means, from which
pulp the starch is to be extracted by suitable washings to free it from the acrid
taste. The liquid thus obtained is strained in order to separate the ligneous
residues from the starch; after standing for a suitable time a certain quantity
of water is added mixed with potash or any other suitable alkali, again strained
and decanted, and the residue being dried forms starch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS ADAPTED FOR BURNING RESIN OIL
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th February 1857.-A communication from Diederich Fehrman and
Friederich Benkler.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS ADAPTED FOR BURNING RESIN OIL," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the arrangement of lamps for burning
refined resin oil. The great difficulty in the use of this oil has hitherto been
the depositing of tar and other matters in the wick. In order to remove this
deposit of tar and other matters, a tube is used which surrounds the exterior
tube of the burner and projects a short distance above it. The tar and other
matters descend by the space between the two tubes and are discharged into
the dripping cup. On the burner there is a gallery which supports a short
tube or glass contracted at its upper end, up through which the flame passes.
Exterior of the short tube or glass is a chimney, also supported by the gallery,
and the chimney is contracted at a suitable distance from its end. The gallery
slides on the burner, and carries with it both the short tube and the chimney,
so that the distance between the end of the wick and the top of the short tube
can be adjusted as required.
AN IMPROVED SHACKLE FOR THE SPRINGS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Aldebert at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1857.
I, ISAAC ALDEBERT, Coachmaker, 57, Long Acre, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said, Invention for "AN IMPROVED SHACKLE FOR THE
SPRINGS OF CARRIAGES," to be as follows:―
To consist in binding a piece of vulcanized india-rubber, with a piece, strip,
or band of metal of suitable form and strength for retaining it in its proper
shape, and preventing the elongation. The metallic piece or band being
narrower than the rubber, cuts off the communication of sound between the
bottom or lower part of the spring and the upper or top half, and the bolts
only passing through the rubber prevents the vibration being communicated to
the body of the carriage, and stops at once the humming sound so much
complained of.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WOOLLEN OR OTHER FIBROUS SUB- STANCES TO BE SPUN
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charlesworth and William
Chapman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th October 1857.
We, HENRY CHARLESWORTH, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Card-
maker, and WILLIAM CHAPMAN, of the same Place, Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WOOLLEN OR OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES TO BE SPUN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the machine known as the "condenser ;" and our
improvements consist in the use or employment of a card roller or "stripper,"
instead of the comb plates now in use, for stripping or doffing the wool or
other substances from the "doffer cylinder," such card roller or stripper being
formed or constructed by the application of cards in such manner as to form
or produce bands or rings of cards around its circumference, leaving a space
of about equal width of the cards betwixt each ring of cards, which are
arranged so as to correspond with the rings of cards now formed on the
"doffer cylinder," in such manner that each ring of cards on the stripper will
only strip or "doff" the wool from each alternate ring of cards on the doffer,
in similar or like manner as the comb plates now used as the first or low
"rubbers" do, leaving the other rings to be stripped by the next or upper
stripper-as heretofore. By these improvements we diminish the wear and
tear of machinery, and prevent the "fulling" effect produced by the rapid
beating action of comb plates or doffers.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Samuel Burton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on 1st April
1857.
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL BURTON, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR
PRINTING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the method or methods of manufacturing
rollers or cylinders, herein-after described, by which method or methods of
manufacture the said rollers or cylinders are made at less cost than by the
ordinary method.
In carrying my said Invention into effect, I take a hollow cylinder or tube
of copper, of a length and external diameter suitable for the manufacture
therefrom of a roller or cylinder. In the interior of the said copper tube I
place an iron or other tube, the last-mentioned tube being situated concentric
with the former. The two concentric tubes are secured together by annular
ends, which close up the annular space between the two tubes. The said ends
may be fixed by soldering or otherwise. Between the said tubes a solid or
liquid support may be introduced, that is to say, the annular space between
the tubes may be filled by any suitable solid matter, such as earthy cement,
sand, or other solid, which can either be cast therein when in a liquid or
semi-liquid state and will afterwards become solid, or which can be introduced

page_text: in a state of powder; or I sometimes fill the space between the tubes with
water or other liquid, or I merely enclose air between the said tubes. When
I use liquid or air between the tubes the ends must be fixed therein air-tight,
an opening capable of being hermetically closed being left for the introduction
of the liquid. When the roller or cylinder made according to my Invention is
fixed upon its mandril or axis, the interior tube is supported by the said
mandril, and the outer tube is supported by the matter between the 'inner tube
and the said outer tube. The roller or cylinder is finished in the ordinary way.
I wish it to be understood that by copper I mean either copper or such alloys
of copper as are or may be used for making rollers or cylinders for printing
fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1857.-A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES" to be as
follows:-
о
This Invention relates to the application of one or more strippers to the
main cylinders of carding engines in connection with a doffer, which, as
the cotton is stripped off the cylinder, instantly returns it as fast as it is
taken off by the stripper, whereby an uninterrupted and continuous carding
action is preserved, and a comparative evenness of lap is secured. The
strippers are by preference placed before the workers, and they are to be
actuated so as constantly to strip the main cylinder, while the cotton taken
off is instantly returned again to the cylinder. Where a single stripper is
employed a brush cylinder is made use of, which revolves at a uniform
rate and strips the main cylinder constantly. From this stripper the cotton is
taken by a doffer, and it is again returned to the main cylinder, that cylinder
acting as the stripper to the roller which returns it. By this means the cotton

page_text: is all taken off the main cylinder, and immediately returned thereto without
any interruption or break occurring in the operation.
Instead of placing the strippers before the workers, one stripper may be
so arranged with regard to two workers as to operate upou both workers
simultaneously and strip the fibres therefrom.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fisher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1857.
I, JOHN FISHER, of Carrington, Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture
of bobbin net, or twist. lace. Heretofore bobbin net or twist lace machines,
working with single tiers of carriages and warps, have been caused to work in
such manner that traversed lace has been made therein, having ornamental
portions thereof produced in the manner of what is known as "finings;" and in
such machines the warps have been governed by separate independent instru-
ments worked by jacquard or other pattern surfaces; and the bobbin or
carriage threads have also been arranged to be actuated by independent
instruments governed by jacquard or other pattern surfaces, but in such
manner that in making the "finings" or opaque work, all the bobbin threads
have worked or lapped in the same direction in respect to the neighbouring
warp threads.
Now my Invention consists in producing spots simultaneously with the
production of "finings" in traverse bobbin net or lace, by causing the warp

page_text: threads and the carriage threads to be actuated by independent instruments,
governed by jacquard or other pattern surfaces, in such manner that when
part of the bobbin or carriage threads lap with the warp threads to the right
hand, other bobbin or carriage threads shall lap to the left hand, by which
spots will be made at determined intervals, whilst traversed "finings" or
opaque work is simultaneously being produced.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OR USE OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GLUE, PASTE, CEMENT, VARNISH, AND OTHER SIMILAR COMPOUNDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thomson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1857.
I, HENRY THOMSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OR USE OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR GLUE, PASTE, CEMENT, VARNISH, AND OTHER SIMILAR COMPOUNDS," to be as
follows:-
I propose using silicates of soda and potash for the purposes above
specified, that is to say, as a substitute for "glue" in joiners and cabinet
work, for "paste" in hanging papers, instead of "cement" in the making
of roads, pavements, and floors, and as a "varnish" for iron work and ma-
chinery. These are only a few of its applications. The advantages secured
are greater strength, easier application, and cheapness.
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT POR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Whyto at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1857.
I, ALEXANDRE WHYTE, Warehouseman, residing at 66, Lorn Place, Dum-
barton Road, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Scotland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT
POR WEAVING," to be as follows, and consists in using two or more reeds at the
same time, & in communicating movement to the reeds either by hand or by
power, so as to give ornamental forms to the warp, & produce various patterns
according to the arrangement of the splits upon the ribs of the reeds & the
movement given to the reeds. Reeds in weaving are used simply to guide
the warp, but in this system two or more reeds may be used, and by being
moved in opposite directions or otherwise they will take the warp out of the
direct line, which being fixed by the weft will leave a figure or pattern, as
thne
or thus
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYANT OR LIFE-PRESERVING GARMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Barlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1857. A communication.
I, CHARLES BARLOW, of the Office for Patents, 89, Chancery Lane, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BUOYANT OR LIFE-PRESERVING GARMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of making a man's shirt or a woman's chemise
capable of being inflated, and so becoming buoyant in the water and adapted
for use as life-preservers. The materials used may be waterproof and non-
waterproof, my Invention consisting in making shirts, chemises, or other
male or female body linen capable of being inflated by air.
AN IMPROVED CHAFF CUTTER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1857.
I, JOHN WEBB, of Bristol, in the City & County of Bristol, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHAFF CUTTER,"
to be as follows, and consists in the use of an additional pair of rollers, either
plain surfaced, grooved, or angular, in chaff cutting machines, whereby the
elogging & consequent damage which frequently occurs in the chaff machines
at present in use are obviated, or nearly so. The said extra rollers may be
made either fixed or moveable, or one fixed & the other moveable; springs
or other suitable contrivance being employed to keep them in any required
position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED POR SLOTTING, BORING, AND SURFACING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Curtis at the
Office of the, Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1857.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH CURTIS, of No. 1, Crown Court, Old Broad Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED POR SLOTTING, BORING, AND SURFACING,"
to be as follows:--
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery used for
slotting, boring, and surfacing. For these purposes a boring bar is used,
having a screw thread at one end. On the bar there are two cog wheels, the
one having a greater number of teeth than the other, the naves of the cog
wheels turning in suitable bearings. In the nave of one of the cog wheels
there is an internal feather or projection, which enters a groove in the bar,
and in the nave of the other cog wheel there is a female screw, fitting the
male screw on the bar. Motion is. communicated to the cog wheels by means
of two pinions on the same axis, the two pinions having an equal number of
teeth. To this axis motion is communicated by hand or by other power, and
the pinions are arranged so that they can be slid along the axis, in order that
they can be in or out of gear with the cog wheels. The motion of the cog
wheel, in the nave of which there is an internal feather, causes the bar to

page_text: rotate; and the motion of the cog wheel, in the nave of which there is a female
screw, causes the bar to advance.
When this apparatus is used for boring, a boring tool is placed on the end
of the bar, and both the pinions are geared with the cog wheels, so that the
bar receives a rotatory and a slow forward motion.
When the apparatus is used for slotting, the pinion which gears with the
cog wheel, in the nave of which there is an internal feather, is thrown out of
gear, and the cog wheel is prevented from rotating, so that when the axis of
the pinion is caused to rotate; the cog wheel, having a female screw in its nave,
causes the bar to advance without rotating.
When the apparatus is used for surfacing, the pinion which gears with the
cog wheel, in the nave of which there is a female screw, is thrown out of gear,
and the cog wheel rotates with the bar; by which means when motion is
communicated to the axis of the pinions the bar is caused to rotate without
advancing. On the bar there is an arm, to which there is a cutting tool
affixed, the cutting tool being arranged so that it can be slid on the arm to
and from the centreof the bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garnham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1857.
I, WILLIAM GARNHAM, of 5, Bedford Terrace, Upper Manor Street, Chelsea,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the application of apparatus to the lower end
of a pump barrel or rising main, in order to prevent the entrance to the
pumps of any sand or other extraneous matter which has a tendency to choke
them. The apparatus is so constructed that a filtering media is interposed
between the water to be pumped up and the main barrel or rising main,
so that when pumping, any sand or other substance is arrested by the filtering
media, and only the water is pumped; and when used in pumping water for
foundations, the sand or other strata is not disturbed.
The apparatus I prefer in practice is two boxes of iron or wood, one placed
within the other; both boxes are perforated with holes, and between the boxes
the space is filled with any fibrous material, such as straw, cocoa-nut fibre, or
hair; and the rising main from the pump is inserted into the inner box, so as
to draw the water through the fibrous material.
AN IMPROVED WAR WEAPON
Year: 1857

page_text: LILD
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eardley Richardes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1857.
I, WILLIAM EARDLEY RICHARDES, of Bryn-eithin, Aberystwith, South Wales,
Esquire, and a Lieutenant h.-pay of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WAR
WEAPON," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining a pistol and sword in one weapon,
which may be effected in the following manner :-I take, for example, a
double-barrelled pistol, and between the two barrels I insert and fix a sword
blade, and I connect a guard plate from the muzzles of the pistol to the
extremity of the stock thereof, and thus I render the stock of the pistol
available as a sword handle. By the above improved weapon or sword pistol
a soldier can discharge the contents of one or other or both of the barrels of
the pistol during any period of the combat without releasing his sword hand,
as heretofore required by having a pistol and sword two distinct and separate
weapons,
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-CLOSING VALVE, AND MEANS FOR RENDERING THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR SUPPLYING OR DISCHARGING AIR, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bennett Johns Heywood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1857.
I, BENNETT JOHNS HEYWOOD, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-CLOSING VALVE, AND MEANS FOR RENDERING
THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR SUPPLYING OR DISCHARGING AIR, WATER, AND OTHER
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement on the disc valve, for which I
obtained Letters Patent, in conjunction with Vincent Scully, dated Janry
16th, 1856, the object of the improvement being to extend the application of
the self-closing valve, by making it capable of hermetically closing a tube or
vessel, and by rendering it capable of resisting the pressure of confined air, of
water, and other fluids, and retaining the same until mechanical or other aid
is employed to force open the valve and effect the discharge of the confined
fluid. The valve I mould of vulcanized india-rubber, by preference of a
dished or cup shape, with a flange around it, to permit of its facile attachment
to the article to be closed.
This valve I make thick at its middle and gradually thinner towards the
sides, and across the valve I cut a slit for the passage of the fluid. This
form of valve will have a constant tendency to remain closed, but in order

page_text: to open it to discharge water (for example) periodically from a cistern to
which it may be applied, I cause the tail end of a rock lever (which carries
at its other end a float) to press on the under sido of the valve and force it
open, the water will then pass down through the opening in the valve; when
this pressure of the lever is removed, the elasticity of the valve will cause it to
close and stop the discharge. For admitting air to and retaining it in a
cushion or flexible vessel, it will merely be necessary to place the valve over
the opening for the air. When, therefore, the cushion or air vessel is drawn
out (assisted or not -by-springs-contained therein) tho-pressure of the atmo-
sphero will force open tho valve, but the back pressure will only the more
firmly close it.
To discharge the air, it will only be necessary to force open the valve by the
pressure of the finger, and the air will readily escape. This kind of valve, it
will be understood, is capable of a wide range of application. For example,
.it may be used as a stopper for bottles containing effervescing drinks, and also
as a ventilator.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES FOR GRATING SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR GRATING SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The nature of the improvements will be readily understood by reference to.
the annexed Drawings; A representing a disc, a raised boss (a) at its centre;
B, a wire handle passing through A; (c) is a disc similar to A; when both
are placed together a box is formed, in which the rough disc E freely revolves
by turning the handle B. D'is a cylindrical or other shaped box, attached to
one side of the box A, on the opposite side to the handle. In this box D the
material to be grated is introduced. In this box is confined a helical or other
spring. The Drawing shows the spring pressing the piston (b) towards the
rough disc or grater. Fis the handle of the piston; G, a handle to the grater.
It will be observed there is an opening at the bottom of the box to permit the
escape of the substance while grating.
Fig. 2 exhibits another form of grater; like letters referring to similar
parts.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM PIPES OR CYLINDERS USED FOR HEATING AND DRYING, WHICH SAID APPARATUS MAY BE SIMILARLY EMPLOYED WHEREVER STEAM IS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Fielding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1857.
I, JOSEPH FIELDING, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM PIPES OR CYLINDERS USED FOR HEATING
AND DRYING, WHICH SAID APPARATUS MAY BE SIMILARLY EMPLOYED WHEREVER STEAM
IS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a certain novel arrangement and construction of
steam chamber employed in conjunction with pipes or cylinders for heating
or drying purposes, and also in the disposition of the valves and outlets for the
steam and air passing into such chamber. The improvement is effected by
placing the pipes for the ingress and egress of the steam, &c. at any convenient
point above the level of the water resulting from condensation, such pipes being
open and unclosed by any valve or cover. In the lid or top cover of tho
chamber and above the water level are provided two valves, one being for the
emission of air and the other used as an ordinary safety valve, so that as
the chamber becomes filled with steam and air, the steam passes through the
egress pipes, and is returned into the boiler, or may be employed again as
steam for heating or drying, and the air becomes forced through the valve
situated above the water line, the water, in resulting from condensation, being
withdrawn by a valve in the bottom of the chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: rovisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marin Joseph Alphonse Mille and
François Canal at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th September 1857.
We, MARIN JOSEPH ALPHONSE MILLE, Miner, and FRANÇOIS CANAL, both
of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING GAS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention, which relates to improvements in. the manufacture of gas,
consists in the use of tar and other residues arising from the manufacture of
gas and other tars, resinous or fatty matters mixed with thin shavings or chips
or pieces of wood, and sawdust of all kinds of wood. This mixture is distilled
in ordinary gas apparatus, and the gas resulting purified by ordinary means;"
by this process a very pure and cheap gas is obtained of good lighting power.
The proportions of the various substances employed are as follows:-500
parts of the residue of gas or of fatty matter, 1000 parts of sawdust of any
kind of wood, 500 parts of shavings, chips, or pieces of wood of any kind.
In our various experiments we have found these proportions to be very
suitable, but we can vary these proportions according to the nature of the
residue or resinous or fatty matter, according to the sawdust and chips at our
disposal, and also according to the quality of gas to be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE BOLLER FURNACES, AND OTHER FURNACES FOR SMOKE PREVENTION
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Power at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd September
1857.
I, WILLIAM POWER, of Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey, Baker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINE BOLLER FURNACES, AND OTHER FURNACES FOR SMOKE PREVENTION," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention relates to the manner of constructing furnaces of various
descriptions in which coal is consumed, so as to prevent the nuisance of smoke
escaping from the chimney.
In steam engine boiler furnaces, baker's ovens, and other ovens and fire
places, I provide one or more air grooves or channels in the vertical side
brickwork, or lumps in that part of the side walls of the furnace at or near the
back end of the fire bars abutting on the fire bridge, which grooves convey the
air upwards from the ash-pit to the interior of the furnace. In baker's ovens
built without a fire bridge at the end of the grate, I erect an arch or inverted
bridge, which occasions the gases and flame to be impelled downwards previous
to their entering the oven, thereby effecting a more perfect combustion than
ordinary. The air grooves or channels should be alike in each side of the
furnace, and may when so desired, be supplied with air valves to close them or
regulate the admission of the warm air from the ash-pit.
Year: 1857

page_text: destroy the fatty matter which it contains when thoroughly baked; add
30 gallons of water, stir until it becomes a thick liquid, and the first part of
the process is now complete. 2nd, take 2 cwt. 0 qrs. 0 lbs. stone lime, place
it in a leech, and slake it by adding 25 galls. of water; when slaked add
3 cwt. 1 qr. 0 lb. soda, 1 qr. 10 lb. caustic potass, and 180 gallons of water.
Filter the whole through the lime into a receiver from a tap at the bottom of
the leech. This filtration is to render the carbonate caustic. When you have
40 gallons filtered, put it in a pan with 1 cwt. 3 qrs. 0 lb. of tallow over a hot
and strong fire, continually stirring until it arrives at 250 degrees; still keep
up the fire for 6 hours, then add 50 gallons more lye, stir well and boil as
before, adding from time to time more lye as the former evaporates, and when
at the highest point add gradually 1 cwt. 0 qrs. 0 lb. rock salt, boil well for
one hour, and let it rest in the pan 24 hours; then draw off the spent lye,
which will be at the bottom of the pan, then add 50 galls. more lye from the
receiver, with 1 qrs. 10 lb. nitrate potass and 8 lb. bichromate potass, boil
4 hours, then add your prepared fullers earth previously filtered,, stir for
1 hour, and it will be ready to be drawn off, and as soon as cold it will be fit
for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR HULLING COTTON AND OTHER OLEAGINOUS SEEDS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE HULLING OF CEREALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1857.-A communication from Charles Theodore Laborey, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanician.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR HULLING COTTON AND OTHER
OLEAGINOUS SEEDS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE HULLING OF CEREALS," a communica-
tion from Charles Theodore Laborey, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Mechanician, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for hulling grain and seeds of all kinds, but more
especially applicable to the treatment of cotton and other oleaginous seeds.
The apparatus consists of a hollow cylinder of wire gauze, or of rasp-cut plates,
within which rotates a stiff brush. The seeds are fed into this cylinder from a
vibratory hopper or smut machine, which separates all large extraneous matter
therefrom before entering the cylinder. The action of the brushes is to
remove the fibres if cotton seed be operated upon, and to loosen or tear
slightly the husk or outer skin of the kernel. A fan blast separates the fibres
from the grain, which latter falls down a shoot into a second machine, which
completes the process of hulling. This machine contains a hollow cylinder

page_text: composed of a number of file-cut metal plates. The cuts being made in the
direction of the length of the cylinder. Within this cylinder rotates at a high
velocity another cylinder or drum, also composed of a number of metal plates,
but having their outer surface msp cut in the direction of the length or axis
of the drum, suitable spaces or openings being left between the plates to allow
the seeds and busks to fall through. The seeds are supplied between these
concentric cylinders, for the purpose of being rubbed, and so freed from the
thin outer skin or husk from a hopper, which is furnished with a spiked regu-
lating feed roller and a sliding door, which opens at such time as the space
between the drum and the enclosing cylinder is full of seed. When the seeds
are of a very hard nature, a pair of fluted rollers may be used in place of the
single spiked roller, the seed which passes between them being slightly crushed
or bruised before entering the hulling cylinders. A cylindrical screen placed
beneath the hulling machine serves effectually to separate the hulled kernels
from the husks, and leaves the former perfectly free from fibres and extraneous
matter ready for the oil mill.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF SODA AND POTASH
Year: 1857

page_text: ent was not given
the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Deacon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1857.
I, HENRY DEACON, of the Wood End Chemical Works, Widnes Dock, near
Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF SODA AND POTASH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the purification of the liquors obtained during the
manufacture of soda and potash from the sulphates of those substances, and
to the purification of the liquors obtained by dissolving the crude potashes
of commerce, and consists in the application to such liquors of clay or of
substances chemically equivalent to the constituents of clay, the products
thus formed being separated by any convenient means; but I prefer diluting
such liquors whilst hot and adding finely powdered lime thereto; the impurities
are then allowed to subside, and the clear liquor drawn off and employed in
the manufacture of soda and potash in the usual manner. The purification
may also be effected in a less perfect manner, simply by concentrating such
liquors, and diluting them whilst hot, the addition of lime during such dilution
assisting the separation of the impurities. And such liquors may also with
advantage be partially oxidised during their purification with clay.