IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AERATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Knight, of Foster Lane, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AERATING
LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 14th November 1856, and dated the 17th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Knight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th May 1856.
I, RICHARD KNIGHT, of Foster Lane, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
ARATING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-.
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for rating
liquids; and the Invention consists of casting the separate parts of the vessels
employed of metal tin, and combining such parts by soldering; and the
Invention also consists in applying a valve to the syphon or pipe; by which
improvements, not only will the metal tin present a pure metal to the acid and
chemical substances employed, but the parts of which a vessel is composed
may be more securely put together and the joints made more complete than
when employing earthenware vessels, each composed of several parts. And in
order that such vessel may have axes fixed thereto, it is placed in and retained
securely within an iron frame having axes fixed thereto, and by introducing a
valve in the syphon or pipe the passage is stopped except in one direction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Knight in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th November 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
KNIGHT, of Foster Lane, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Knight, Her special licence that I, the said Richard Knight, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard
Knight, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
AERATING LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Knight, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Knight, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
: This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for aerating
liquids; and the Invention consists of casting the separate parts of the vessels
employed of metal. tin, and combining such parts by soldering; and the
Invention also consists in applying a valve to the syphon or pipe; by which
improvements, not only will the metal tin present a pure metal to the acid and
chemical substances employed, but the parts of which a vessel is composed
may be, more securely put together and the joints made more complete than
when employing earthenware vessels, each composed of several parts. And in
order that such vessel may have axes fixed thereto, it is placed in and retained
securely within an iron frame having axes fixed thereto, and by introducing a
valve in the syphon or pipe the passage is stopped except in one direction.

page_text: Paving S
the nature of my sand invention, I win proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a section of apparatus constructed according to my Invention
when in use, and in the act of aerating water or other fluid; Figure 2, an
external perspective view of the apparatus on a smaller scale; Figure 3 shows
the frame separately; and Figure 4 shews sections of the two parts of the
apparatus, which are first formed and put together, and then the two are
soldered together. These parts are shewn on a somewhat larger scale than
either of the other two Figures. The other Figures show the several details
separately. a is the vessel in which the water or liquid is aerated; b is the
vessel in which the gas is generated. The vessels a and b are made of metal
tin, each vessel being made in separate parts and then soldered together. It
is preferred that the tin should be pure, but it may to some extent be alloyed,
so long as the alloy will not be injuriously acted on by the acid. c is a covered
outlet at the upper end of the vessel a, the screw cover being suitable when
used with a washer or washers to render the passage fluid tight; d is an
opening to receive a cock or tap, such as is shewn on a larger scale at e,
Figure 6. The vessel a, a, with its upper end may be made in one casting,
and the end a' afterwards fixed by solder; or the cylinder a may be cast.
without either end, and have both ends fixed by solder; or the cylinder a may
be made by bending a sheet into a cylindrical form and by soldering up the
seam or joint, the ends being fixed by solder. d' is a tube of tin, or of such
an alloy of tin as will not be injuriously acted on by the acid and acid gas..
This tube is soldered at one end to the end a¹ of the cylinder a; the other end
of this tube is formed with a screw, as is shewn, and it receives the bent
tube d of tin or tin alloyed. The other end of the tube d is formed into a
finely perforated rose head d. The parts d', d*, d, are shewn in section on a
larger scale in Figure 5; where the parts d', d, are connected, a tube f
(shown on a larger scale in Figure 7) is introduced; this tube is made in two
parts, which screw together, and their two outer ends receive finely perforated
silver discs f', which are fixed in position by the screws f. Into the lower
part of the tube f is fixed the valve x, with its seat and frame, the nature of
which will be readily understood by reference to the section at Figure 8. The
valve and seat I prefer to be of silver, and pressed on by a silver-coiled spring
', acting with a tendency at all times to close the valve. a² is the seat, which
is made externally, so as to screw into the lower portion of the tube f sufficiently
far to admit of a finely perforated silver disc f being interposed between the

page_text: two parts of the tube f, and yet allow of the valve rising when pressed on by the
acid gas from below. In the upper part of the frame of the seat of the valve
a guide a³ is fixed, through which the stem of the valve a slides, the spring &
being placed between the guide a³ and the upper part of the valve x. The part
of the apparatus & is made in like manner with that described in respect to the
vessel a, and of metal tin, or tin alloyed, as above explained. The vessel 6 has
two ends c¹, c², either of which may.be made with or both may be affixed to
the cylinder b, which may itself be made in any of the ways suggested in
respect to the vessel a. The vessel b is divided by a partition c³, there being
an opening at c, covered by a screw cap suitably arranged for closing the
same fluid-tight, and this compartment is for receiving the acid. is another
opening, capable of being closed fluid-tight by a cap, and into this lower com-
partment the carbonate of soda or other material is introduced through the
opening c. The vessel is soldered to the vessel a, and fixed in a frame,
Figure 3, by which the whole apparatus above described will be complete, and
be in a condition for. use, as shewn at Figures 1 and 2. In order to use this
apparatus, water or other liquid to be aerated is to be put into the vessel
through the opening at the upper end of the vessel a; the passage is then to
be closed, or the liquid may be introduced into the vessel a after charging the
two compartments of the vessel b. The vessel a, b, in order to be charged is
to be held in a horizontal position; acid is to be introduced through the
passage by a funnel, but not to such an extent as to come up to the opening
c; the passage is to be then closed fluid-tight, carbonate of soda or other
material is to be introduced into the lower compartment of the vessel b through
the opening c³, and that opening is then to be closed fluid-tight, on causing the
vessel a, b, to be inclined, first with one end and then the other end downward,
the acid will escape at the opening c, and by the passages c it will get into
the lower compartment of the vessel b and carbonic acid will be evolved,
which, passing through the openings c, will flow through the tube, overcome
the pressure of the valve x, and pass into the fluid in the vessel a, and aerate
the same. When the vessels a, b, have been well agitated, and the acid has
been caused to pass from the upper to the lower compartment of the vessel b,
the apparatus may be allowed to rest; the aerated liquid may be drawn from
the vessel a-at the cock or tap. The form of the apparatus may be greatly
varied; I do not, therefore, confine myself to the forms of the several parts, so
long as the principal parts of the vessels a, b, are made of metal tin, or tin
only so much alloyed as not to be injuriously acted on by the acids employed.
Figure 8 shows an external view, and Figure 9 a vertical section, of an
apparatus differing in form, but wherein the vessels a and b are made of tin;

page_text: the several parts of which, so far as they agree with those shewn in the
previous Figures, are marked with the same letters of reference as those pre-
viously used, and the description above given will to a like extent apply to these
Figures as well as to Figures 10 and 11, where (in Figure 10) the apparatus
is being supplied with acid, the carbonate of soda having been introduced
through the same opening into the compartment, and where (in Figure 11)
the apparatus is being rocked to agitate the liquid in the vessel a, and dis-
tribute the acid in the vessel b; the stand 9, 9, being made suitable in the
one case to support the vessel a, b, in an upright position, as seen at Figure 10,
and to become a rocker, as in Figure 11. By the use of tin for making the
compound vessel a, b, great purity is obtained, and by the mode of using or
applying a valve & the liquid to be aerated is effectively kept from getting out
of the vessel a into the compartments of the vessel b, notwithstanding the
agitating and shaking to which the compound vessel a, b, is subjected.
In witness whereof, I, the, said Richard Knight, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM CARPMAEL, Jun.
RICHARD KNIGHT. (L.8.)