IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WRAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cocking Fielden, of the City of Manchester,
· Merchant and Manufacturer, and Richard Henry Harrison, of Duckinfield,
Cheshire, Mill Manager, for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WRAVING
"3
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cocking Fielden &
Richard Henry Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
14th March 1882.
JOHN COCKING FIELDEN, of the City of Manchester, Merchant and Manufacturer;
and RICHARD HENRY HARRISON, of Duckinfield, Cheshire, Mill Manager,
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The improvements relate to what are known as "letting off motions" in looms
for weaving, and have for their object the more regular letting off of the warp yarn
from the yarn beam or roller whereby greater regularity in the weaving is sought
to be attained.
To effect this and to accomplish our improvements, we attach to one end of the
yarn beam a toothed worm wheel.-This wheel has motion given thereto by a
worm on a shaft fitted with two ratchet wheels, the teeth of which are set in
opposite directions.
Between these two ratchet wheels a pawl lever is made to turn freely on the
shaft, and fitted with two pawls, one for each ratchet wheel; in such manner that
one motion of the lever will actuate both pawls.-This pawl lever has motion
given to it in one direction by means of a small crank or tappet, fixed on a
counter shaft geared to the tappet shaft of the loom, and obtains its return motion
by means of a spring, or it may be of a weight, or weighted lever.-The pawls are
so fixed that forward motion is only given to the driving ratchet wheel by means
of the spring or its equivalent.
A stop pawl is fixed in such manner, that no motion can be given to the ratchet
wheels until such stop pawl is lifted out of gear. This is automatically
accomplished as required by means of a rod or feeler attached to the back rail or
yarn bearer and fitted on a sliding rod, or it may be a lever, and constructed of any
desired length.

page_text: This feeler is in mechanical connection with the stop pawl aforesaid, and is
caused to bear against the strained yarn in such manner that as the pressure from
the yarn increases thereon, the stop pawl is lifted out of gear, and the spring or
its equivalent is allowed to drive forward the ratchet and so let off the
required length of yarn whereupon the stop pawl again falls into gear by
the release of the strain on the "feeler" and the operation may thus proceed
continually.
The object of the second ratchet and pawl is to give a slight retrograde
movement to the ratchet shaft at every motion so as to render the stop pawl
quite free to be lifted, and this is accomplished by fixing the said pawl on the
lever in such a manner that it falls out of gear, except at the finish of the stroke
of the driving crank or tappet on the counter shaft.
In place of two ratchet wheels for this purpose one only may be used with
a V shaped tooth; and various modifications of detail may be made without
departing from the peculiar nature of the invention as herein before set forth.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Cocking Fielden & Richard Henry Harrison in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 14th September 1882.
JOHN COCKING FIELDEN of the City of Manchester Merchant and Manufacturer;
and RICHARD HENRY HARRISON of Dukinfield Cheshire Mill Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING "
"
The improvements relate to what are known as "letting off motions in looms
for weaving, and have for their object the more regular letting off of the warp
yarn from the yarn beam or roller, whereby greater regularity in the weaving is
sought to be attained.
To effect this and to accomplish our improvements, we attach to one end of the
yarn beam a toothed worm wheel. This wheel has one motion given thereto by a
worm on a shaft, fitted with two ratchet wheels, the teeth of which are set in
opposite directions. Between these two ratchet wheels a paul lever is made to
turn freely on the shaft and fitted with two pauls one for each ratchet wheel in
such manner that one motion of the lever will actuate both pauls.
This paul lever has motion given to it in one direction, by means of a small
crank or tappet fixed on a counter shaft geared to the tappet shaft of the loom,
and obtains its return motion by means of a spring, or it may be of a weight or
weighted lever. The pauls are so fixed, that forward motion is only given to the
driving ratchet wheel, by means of the spring or its equivalent. A stop paul is
fixed in such manner that no motion can be given to the ratchet wheels until such
stop paul is lifted out of gear. This is automatically accomplished as required by
means of a rod or feeler attached to the back rail or yarn bearer and fitted on &
sliding rod or it may be a lever and constructed of any desired length. This feeler
is in mechanical connection with the stop paul aforesaid, and is caused to bear
against the strained yarn, in such manner, that as the pressure from the yarn
increases thereon, the stop paul is lifted out of gear, and the spring or its
equivalent, is allowed to drive forward the ratchet and so let off the required
length of yarn, whereupon the stop paul again falls into gear, by the release of the
strain on the "feeler" and the operation may thus proceed continually.
The object of the second ratchet and paul is to give a slight retrograde
movement to the ratchet shaft at every motion so as to render the stop paul
quite free to be lifted and this is accomplished by fixing the said paul or the lever
in such a manner that it falls out of gear, except at the finish of the stroke of the
driving crank or tappet on the counter shaft.
A vibrating lever may be applied to the worm named, so as to give the requisite
elastic action to the yarn.
In place of two ratchet wheels for this purpose, one only may be used with
a V shaped tooth; and various modifications of detail may be made without
departing from the peculiar nature of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth.
But that the improvements may be better understood we will by the aid of
the accompanying drawings, proceed more fully to describe means employed
by us.

page_text: a a is the main framing of the loom bb is the yarn beam, fitted at the end
with a metallic cap cc for the reception of the gudgeon or spindle d d carrying
the worm wheel e e actuated by the worm ff. This worm is driven through the
shaft g g by means of the ratchet and paul motion which is formed of two ratchet
wheels h h and h¹ h¹ with teeth set in opposite directions and actuated by means
of the paul ii fixed on the lever kk. ll is the lever stop paul which is lifted or
pressed out of gear by means of the lever m m upon the increase of pressure on
the yarn depressing the feeler nn. oo is the releasing paul giving a slight retro-
grade motion to enable the stop paul to be lifted.
pp is the vibrating lever which permits the worm to slide along the key way on
the yarn being strained at the opening of the shed, and which is brought back by
means of the spring 9 9.
In operation the required tension or weighting of the yarn is obtained by an
adjustment or weighting of the lever carrying the feeler, or of the lever stop paul
or catch.
Having now described our improvements and means we adopt in carrying the
same into effect we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to
the precise details shewn and described as variations may be made without
departing from the peculiar character of the invention.
But what we do claim is
The combination of parts for the purpose of automatically letting off the
yarn in looms for weaving, in the manner substantially as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cocking Fielden, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this twelfth day of September in the year of our Lord,
One thousand, eight hundred and eighty two.
Witness:
WILLIAM GADD
Consulting Engineer
64 Barton Arcade
Manchester
JOHN COCKING FIELDEN. (L.S.)