AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF KILN OR OVEN FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES. LIMESTONE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: man, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF KILN OR OVEN
FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES. LIMESTONE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."-
A comit-
munication from abroad by Friedrich Hoffmann, of Berlin, and Albert
Lidh of Danzio both in the Kingdom of Prussia
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1859.
1. ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON. of the Office for Patents. 66. Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex. Mechanical Draughtsman. to hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF KILN OR
OVEN FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, LIMESTONE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of kiln or oven for burning
limestone, bricks, and other substances by a continuous process. whereby the
operation will be greatly facilitated. and, as regards the expenditure of fuel.
economically performed. The kiln or oven is built of an annular form, and,
by preference, sunk in the ground so as to leave the roof only exposed. This

page_text: -
enclosed annular space is divided radially into compartments by sliding doors.
and each compartment is connected by a radial flue with a concentric annular
smoke chamber which surrounds the central chimney shaft, and is connected
therewith by short interal flués. Dampers are provided for shutting off
communication between the radial flues and the smoke chamber, and the
compartments into which the kiln er oven is divided are closed at top by a
removeable cover fitted with openings. which may be closed when required.
The system of working this kiln is to fill all the compartments with the
materials, say, bricks, which are required to be burned, and to cause the heat
generated by the consumption of the fuel (which is to be discharged throngh
tlie covers, so as to mix with or surround the bricks) to circulate through the
whole series. Thus, supposing the bricks of one compartment to have been
sufficiently burned, the door in the rear of this compartment will be closed.
and air will be admitted thereto for supplying the next compartment in
advance with oxygen to support combustion: all the other doors being open,
the gases of combustion will be free to circulate through the oven until
arrested by the closed door in rear of the compartment that supplies the air.
The current of hot air will therefore pass along the radial flue leading from
the last compartment of the series (the damper being opened for the purpose,
all the others in the radial flues being at the time closed) and make its
escape at the central chimney, and this action will be continued until the
second batch of bricks is burned: the like change then takes place; air is
admitted to the first of the series of heated compartments, and the door in its
rear is closed. The air passing through the heated mass will quickly reduce
its temperature, and supply heated air to the next compartment. whereby the
economical combustion of the fuel contained therein will be secured. The cooled
bricks in the compartment or compartments thrown out of the series being
removed, and green or soft bricks supplied in their place, these are in turn
brought again into the series, and the heated gases passing through the oven
will serve effectuaily to drive off the moisture from the bricks, & gradually
prepare them for the burning operation. The fuel used should be reduced to
small particles, as it is intended to be distributed over and amongst the
materials subjected to the operation of burning. To prevent moisture arising
from the earth into the oven it should be well paved with slabs impervious to
moisture. and care should be taken to prevent the access of air to the oven
through crevices or fissures in the brickwork.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Ollice
on the 22nd June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex. Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year
of Her reign, did. for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I. the said
Alfred Vincent Newton. my executors. administrators. and assigns, or such
others as 1, the said Alfred Vincent Newton. my executors. administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others. from. time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make. use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland. the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF KILN OR OVEN FOR BURNING
BRICKS, TILES, LIMESTONE, AND OTHER SUBSTANOES," being a communication from
abroad by Friedrich Hoffmann, of Berlin, and Albert Licht. of Dantzig, both
in the Kingdom of Prussia. upon the condition (amongst others) that I. the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my band and
scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I. the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
,
This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents,
relates to a novel construction of kiln or oven for burning limestone. bricks.
and other substances by a continuous process. whereby the operation will be
greatly facilitated. and, as regards the expenditure of fuel, economically per-
forined. The kiln or oven is built of an annular form. and, by preference,
sunk in the ground. so as to leave the roof only exposed. This enclosed.
annular space is divided radially into compartments by sliding doors, and each

page_text: compartment is connected by a radial flue with a concentric annular smoke
chamber, which surrounds the central chimney shaft, and is connected there
with by short lateral flues. Dampers are provided for shutting off communi-
cation between the radial flues and the smoke chamber, and the compartments
into which the kiln or oven is divided are closed at top, and fitted with
openings, which may be shut when required.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the improved
kiln or oven arranged for burning bricks; and Fig. 2 is a plan view, partly in
section, the better to shew the construction of the interior of the kiln. A, A,
is an annular covered chamber divisible into twelve compartments by means of
sliding doors fitting into grooves in the side walls, as at a, a. Each of these
compartments is connected by a flue B, with the concentric annular smoke
chamber C, which surrounds the chimney D. This chimney consists of a
double shaft or two concentric shafts for the purpose of retaining the heat. The
lower part of the inner shaft. of this chimney is divided by cross vertical par-
titions into four compartments, which are severally connected to the annular
smoke chamber C by branch flues b. b. The cross partitions run upwards a
sufficient height to divide the draft in the chimney, and thereby render it the
more equal through the branch flues; d. d. are metal bell-shaped covers or
dampers for cutting off the radial flues B severally from the smoke chamber
C, and the rods of these dampers carry similar bell-shaped covers d* (which
are outside the flues) for preventing the egress of smoke from or ingress of
air to the flues through the holes made for the damper rods. These covers d
and d✶ bed in sand or loam to render them air-tight. In the roof of the
chamber A rings of stoke holes c, c. are made for each compartment; also
man-holes e to permit of the ingress of workmen to charge and discharge the
oven, and longitudinal slits for the withdrawal, as required. of the sliding
doors from their grooves (t. These openings are capable of being severally
closed by covers. the edges of which rest in a bed of loam to make them air-
tight. The kiln is to be sheltered against cooling from the outside by a double
or treble surrounding wall as well as by an isolating stratum of air, and an
envelope of ash and sand, if it is not, as shewn in the Drawing, sunk into
the ground.
The system of working this novel construction of kiln or oven is to keep all
the compartments filled with the materials which are required to be burned.
Thus, if bricks are the substances to be operated upon they are stacked up in
the chamber A, and the fuel which is to generate the heat by its combustion
is thrown in from above, and atmospheric air is freely admitted. The rear
end of the chamber, which, for the time being is the first of the series, is closed

page_text: by a sliding door. and a free passage is made for the circulation of the flame
and heated gases of combustion through the whole series, all the dampers D
being closed except that immediately in car of the sliding door, which damper
by being raised opens a passage for the smoke to the chimney. When the
bricks of the compartment in advance of that through which the air for sup-
porting combustion was admitted has been sufficiently burned, the door in the
rear of this compartment will be closed. and air will be admitted thereto for
supplying the next compartment in advance with oxygen to support combus-
tion. One compartment being now cut off from the series its contents may
be removed, and it may be refilled without interfering with the progress of the
burning operation. The gases of combustion will still continue to circulate
freely through the oven until arrested by a closed door, when they will be
turned into an open flue leading to the chimney (the dampers of all the other
radial flues being at the time closed), and make its escape at the central
chimney. This action will be continued for each batch of bricks in succession.
and as the compartments are refilled they are again brought into connection
with the series of heated compariments. It will now be understood that as air
to support combustion is always admitted to the first of the series of heated
compartments, or that which has its rear closed by a sliding door, the air will
as it passes through the heated mass take up heat therefrom, and consequently
quickly reduce the temperature of that compartment, and transfer it to the
next compartment, whereby the economical combustion of the fuel contained
therein will be secured. The cooled bricks in the several compartments
thrown out of the series being in turn removed, and green or soft bricks sup-
plied in their place. the heated gases will, as the compartments are brought
again into the series, serve effectually to drive off the moisture from the bricks.
and gradually prepare them for the burning operation. The fuel used should
be reduced to small particles, as it is intended to be distributed over and
amongst the materials subjected to the operation of burning. It is introduced
into the kiln through the holes in the roof above mentioned by means of
Tunnel-formed tin plate vessels opening only from below. By this means a
constant supply of fresh fuel is continually kept up. To prevent moisture from
the ground entering the oven. the oven should be well paved with slabs im-
pervious to moisture, and care should also be taken to prevent access of air to
the oven through crevices or fissures in the brickwork. The peculiarities of
the above-described kiln and its operation may be said to consist in the circular
returning and consequently endless ground form of firing chamber, divisible
at various points by means of sliding doors, such chamber being fired by means
of perpendicular stoke holes (repeated at short intervals), and without the use

page_text: of fire-places especially prepared, therefore without fire-walls, fire-bridges, fire-
bars without grates, so that in this particular it is not necessary for the air to
strike through-in the gradual cooling of the articles when burnt, and in the
costless gradual warming of the materials to be burnt,-in the costless heating
of the air destined to feed the fire.-in the throwing in of burning materials
immediately among the substances to be burnt-in the arrangement of the
dampers to regulate the draught, in the peculiar arrangement of communica-
tion between the oven and chimney, namely, in the application of the smoke
gatherer (concentrator), into which the hermetically closing fines discharge,
and which is in continual communication with the chimney, in the air-tight
envelope of the kiln. and in the hermetic closure of all openings by which the
firing may be arrested for hours without disadvantage to the objects to be
burnt, and in the complete isolation of the building from ascending humidity
of the ground by means of stone slabs or cement.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "An Improved Con-
struction of Kiln or Oven for Burning Bricks. Tiles. Limestone, and other
Substances," as communicated to me from abroad, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the construction of kiln as above
described, whereby the burning of bricks, limestone, and other substances may
be effected as a continuous operation.
In witness whereof, I. the said Alfred Vincent Newion, have hereunto
set my hand and seal. the Twenty-second day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness.
J. W. MOFFATT.
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (S.)