matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henelade Courtenay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1883.
ROBERT HENELADE COURTENAY of 5 Southampton Buildings in the County
of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES
"
This Invention has for its object the construction of Voltaic cells which by
simple means can be regulated to suit the requirements for which the batteries are
used for instance-If it is desired to work cells of low tension polarization can
be practically prevented thereby rendering the cells constant in action or should
the Electro Motive force be required to be greater it can be obtained by means
herein set forth. In the first part of my said invention I employ metallic and
absorbent conductors in lieu of the ordinary porous cells. In order to effect the
above by one method for batteries of low tension and where polarization is
practically prevented. I fix in a suitable receptacle made impervious to moisture
one or more partitions composed of a material not acted upon by the battery
excitant between which partitions are placed the negative and positive elements
alternately or otherwise as required between each pair of plates and on the
partitions I fix one or more conductors of a suitable metal according to the excitant
or solution employed in the cells. One of the two or more conductors of each cell
being by preference connected to the negative element or should the Electro Motive
force be required to be greater than can be produced by the above description of
battery I connect to the conductors a substance or substances of a bibulous nature
such as asbestos, paper, or sponge so that such substance or substances may
communicate with the solution in the cells provision being made for disconnecting
the solutions so as to isolate them from each other when not in use but in this
latter case it will be found that polarization will take place but in a much less
degree than when porous cells are employed. Of course the solution employed
must not be allowed to get below the conductors by evaporation or otherwise or
the action would be stopped. The second part of my said invention relates to
Voltaic batteries of stronger current than those before described and consists in
the employment of three or more elements the first being absolutely negative,
the second partially negative and the third absolutely positive-for instance-

page_text: I take one or more plates of carbon and place them in a grooved box or other
arrangement and thoroughly insulate the solution in which the carbon is placed
and connect with the plate of carbon a plate of nickel or other metal Electro
positive to carbon but negative to Zinc the metal connected to the carbon is
thoroughly isolated from the solution containing the carbon and Zine and the 5
solution can be evaporated and the salts of the metals isolated, collected for sale
or use.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GLOVES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louisa Rogers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1883.
"
LOUISA ROGERS of Roehampton Lane Putney in the County of Surrey
'AN IMPROVEMENT IN GLOVES
"
It is frequently very inconvenient at railway stations and other places to have to
take the purse out of the pocket in order to put away or take out money or a
To obviate this
railway ticket, which require to be always ready at hand.
inconvenience I provide in the palm of a glove a fob or pocket, formed by sewing
a separate piece of leather or other material on to either the inside or the outside
of the glove, the opening of such fob or pocket being closed either by being drawn
together by a piece of elastic material, or by means of a button and button hole
or by a hook and eye. The said fob or pocket is made of such a size as to
conveniently contain a railway ticket or small change, or both, or even a small
purse, and in some cases I provide two such fobs, one inside and one outside the
palm of the glove, so that one may contain a railway ticket and the other money.
The inner fob may be formed with a small flap which is folded over the opening of
the outside fob and is there secured by a button or other fastening, so that the one
flap serves to close both fobs. Or these may both be formed on the inside of the
glove, by sewing thereon two pieces of material one on the top of the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR, RAISING STEAM, WARMING BUILDINGS, AND HEATING OVENS, BY GAS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Thornton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1883.
EBENEZER THORNTON of Bradford in the County of York, Hot Water Engineer
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF, AND APPARATUS FOR, RAISING STEAM,
WARMING BUILDINGS, AND HEATING OVENS, BY GAS.
This invention relates to certain improvements in the method of, and apparatus
for warming water, for raising steam & for heating Ovens, for domestic and other
purposes by Gas, and consists of an outer iron shell for the reception of its inner
part, the Kernal being the Oven or Boiler as the case may be, & is so constructed
that when put together, a clear space of about one inch wide intervenes betwixt
the Kernal and its shell, all round, for the escape of heated gasses The gas burner
is placed a little below the bottom of the Oven & consists of a pipe the length of
the Boiler or Oven having holes for the outlet of gas & air on the well known
Bunsen principle, In order to confine the heat with the products of combustion
within the above named intervening space & inside the outer cover or shell &
over the entire outer surface of the Oven or Boiler, I place on the top of the oven
or boiler a second cover with one inch space, the surface of which is divided into
four equal sections with an inlet from each section, for the admission of the heated
Gasses, which are further conducted by a four-way exit nozzle on the centre of the first
cover joining the exit nozzle to atmosphere, on the centre of the top or extra cover.
In order to regulate with great nicety the Supply of Gas to the Oven or Boiler I
construct a cock the plug of which has four holes drilled through, in one position,
indicated by index, & pointer, the gas passes through one hole in another portion
also indicated, the gas passes through two holes & as is required the whole area
of the four holes can be used & the area of one only as is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPACING AND MARKING FOR RIVET BOLT, AND OTHER HOLES ON SHEET AND OTHER METAL SURFACES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kent Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1883.
ROBERT KENT JONES of Birkenhead in the County of Chester, Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPACING AND MARKING FOR RIVET BOLT, AND
OTHER HOLES ON SHEET AND OTHER METAL SURFACES
"
The object here is to provide apparatus whereby the centre or position for rivet
bolt and other holes may be accurately and easily marked on plates girders and
metal pieces used in bridges ships boilers and other structures both at the required
distances apart and from the edges of the said metal pieces
Apparatus under my invention is constructed as follows:-
First. A punch or marker holder or socket has attached thereto or formed
therewith one or more preferably two guide bars or arms at right angles to each
other or nearly so. The holder or socket is provided with a centre punch or
marker, one of the guide bars or arms with a spacing point and the other guide
bar or arm with a guage piece.
The centre punch, spacing point and gauge piece are all separately adjustable
and are secured in the required position by means of binding screws or their
equivalents.
Second Apparatus under the first part is constructed or made with a metal plate
or plates and slots instead of with bars or arms.
The apparatus is used as follows:-The spacing point is secured on or in its
guide bar or slot at a distance from the centre punch or marker equal to the
distance required between the holes and the gauge piece is fixed as far from the
centre punch or marker as the holes are to be from the edge of the metal. The
first hole is marked with a centre punch the spacing point is placed in the centre
punch mark and the gauge piece is caused to rest against the edge of the metal
the centre punch or marker is then in position and is struck to mark the second
hole. The spacing point is then inserted in the second centre punch mark and a
third hole is marked and so on.
When the holes are to be punched in the marked article it is advantageous to

page_text: have in addition to the centre punch marker a ring, or annular marker. and the
third part of my invention consists in combining with a centre punch a slieve or
ring capable of being moved so as to press on the metal and leave a circular mark
of about the size of the hole to be punched. Colouring matter is applied to the
surface of the ring or annular marker as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND FACILITATING THE DELIVERY OF TOILET PAPER
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Morris Hart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1883.
MORRIS HART of Coleman Street Buildings, Moorgate Street in the City of
London "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND FACILITATING THE
DELIVERY OF TOILET PAPER
"
This Invention has for its object, improvements in apparatus for holding and
facilitating the delivery of Toilet paper, and consists of a pair of arms, or a
bracket, suitably pivotted, whilst the lower ends serve to clip, or retain, the
perforated continuous reel of paper, in such a manner as to allow a fresh reel to
be inserted, and after being placed in position, so locked, or the spindle thereof so
retained, as to prevent the possibility of the reel accidentally falling by the pull
on the free end of the paper, but after the supply is exhausted the spindle is then
free to be moved.
The reel of paper is provided with a hollow axle or core, advantageously of
wood, through the centre of which the spindle passes, one end of this spindle is
received in a socket of one of the pendant arms, having been inserted through a
hole in the arm on the other side. Having thus been inserted the axle finds its
bearing at this side, and at a lower level than the opening.
The wooden core (intermediate of its length) is provided with a gap or opening
which exposes the axle, so that after the toilet paper has been used, the axle and
core can be readily withdrawn.
These arms are preferably in one piece, or casting, and the bearings of another
piece, so that when screwed or otherwise attached to its plate or board or other
surface the arms are retained.
Instead of a parallel wooden core as before described, I may employ a cone at
each end through which the axle or spindle passes and locked in a similar manner
to that before described.
Or the cones may be provided with a parallel extension somewhat resembling a
half bobbin

page_text: Another modification is to employ a spiral spring, or springs, which when placed
between the arms will yield and allow the spindle to be locked, so long as there is
any paper remaining on the reel.
-According to another modification I provide one arm with an aperture, through
which I pass the spindle, which is bent to an
shape at the one end, and
having been inserted, is allowed to partially turn, thus assuming the following
position
By employing the pivotted arms the reel of paper rests upon a surface by its
own weight allowing a sheet or sheets to be torn off in a manner well known.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS OF TREATING ORES OR REGULUS CONTAINING CERTAIN METALS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THE SAID METALS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bowen of 323 High Holborn in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS OF
TREATING ORES OR REGULUS CONTAINING CERTAIN METALS FOR THE EXTRACTION
OF THE SAID METALS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bowen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1883.
"AN
CONTAINING
THOMAS BOWEN of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS OF TREATING ORES OR REGULUS
CERTAIN METALS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THE SAID METALS "
The object of this invention is the extraction of copper, silver and gold from
ores or regulus which may contain, for example (more or less than) five per cent
of copper, twenty or thirty ozs of silver and six to sixteen d weights of gold pr ton.
The ore or regulus is first calcined until the sulphur has been reduced to about
five per cent and is then mixed with twenty to twenty five per cent, more or less,
of common salt (Chloride of Sodium) and then further calcined for six to ten
hours, more or less, until the copper is all soluble in water or in acidulated water
of some mineral acid, preferably muriatic acid. The muriatic acid may be that
obtained from towers filled with coke and through which water trickles for the
purpose of condensing such acid and also for the condensation of any chloride
of silver or of gold which may have been volatilized during the chloridizing
with salt.
The calcined and chloridized ore or regulus is then mixed intimately with one
to two per cent of bleaching powder or with about five per cent of peroxide of
Manganese, preferably bleaching powder, which mixture is then placed in tanks,
provided with false bottoms covered with coarse sacking or other filtering material
or matter, in quantities of say five to ten tons and then washed in strong brine
..

page_text: acidulated with acid, preferably muriatic acid obtained as above until all, or nearly
all the copper silver and gold are extracted.
The solutions containing the copper, silver and gold may next be separated by
any of the well known methods, for instance the silver and gold may be precipitated
by means of sheet copper or copper precipitate and the resulting solution, free
from silver and gold, may be treated for its copper with iron.
The remaining liquors containing the salt and ferrous chloride may, after again
being heated be used over again upon fresh tanks of ore or regulus treated in the
manner before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CALICO- PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Millar and Thomas McKillop
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1883.
JAMES MILLAR, Manager, Strathclyde Print Works, and THOMAS MCKILLOP,
Engineer, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALICO-
PRINTING MACHINES”;
This Invention, which relates to improvements in calico printing machines, has
for its object to enable such fabrics as scarves and "serongs" having a transverse
border between each piece, to be printed continuously in one machine and in one
operation, instead of having the border separately printed by hand, as is the usual
practice.
In printing such fabrics according to this Invention, the ordinary calico-printing
machine is used, but the printing rollers and the main cylinder or bowl are so
fitted that the "garment" printing cylinders are moved out of contact with the
fabric at intervals to leave blank spaces across it, in each of which spaces the
transverse border is printed by means of a printing roller or rollers which is or are
brought into contact with the fabric at the proper time.
When scarves or fabrics are to be printed which in length are equal to the
perimeter of the bowl, thin strips of metal or other material, of a length
corresponding to the space to be left between the pieces for the border, are fitted on
each side of the bowl, to bear upon the periphery of the printing roller, or shell, or
on the mandril, and raise each printing roller off the bowl and off the fabric for the
requisite interval to leave the blank border space. The roller or shell which prints
the border, is formed with a groove or depression round its periphery, or a space is
left between the end of the roller and a depressing collar fitted on the mandrel, at
a position near each end corresponding to these strips, so that the border roller is
not raised by them, but comes into contact with the fabric on the bowl at the
point where the blank space is left by the "garment" rollers. To keep the border
printing roller off the fabric at the part where the garment roller prints, strips of
metal or other material are fitted round the periphery of the bowl, but a break in
the continuity of these strips is made opposite the short strips which are used to
raise the garment rollers. When the bowl of the machine is of large size, the
strips on its periphery may be fitted so that scarves or pieces may be printed of
lengths equal to one half, one third, or other ratio of the perimeter of the bowl
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS OF DISPLAYING ADVERTISEMENTS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coxen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1883.
JOHN COXEN, of 1 Crowland Terrace, Church Road, Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS OF DISPLAYING
ADVERTISEMENTS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES,"
The objects of my said invention are to display advertisements in a novel manner,
and to indicate to passengers in vehicles the streets and other places near which
such vehicles may be passing or approaching.
One form of the apparatus consists of rollers and tapes or bands, which are rolled
on or around or from one roller to another. Upon these bands suitable letters,
words, devices, pictures, or diagrams are placed, in such a manner that a succession
of words or other matters become visible, and thus produce or afford the desired
information or effect.
In some cases I fit such apparatus to omnibuses, tram-cars, or other vehicles, not
only for purposes of advertisement, but also to indicate streets and other places near
which such vehicles may happen to be; the motion being timed to suit the speed of
the vehicle.
Instead of using tapes or bands, I sometimes fit cards, plates, or boards to the
rollers, or their axles; a succession of letters, words, devices, pictures, or diagrams
being placed upon or formed by their surfaces to afford and impart information and
effects analogous to those before mentioned with respect to tapes and bands.
The motion may be communicated to such apparatus, by means of gearing, from
the axle or wheel of a vehicle, or by clockwork, or by any other suitable means.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED LETTER SHEET AND ENVELOPE A
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1883. Communi-
cated to him from abroad, by Richard William Stevens, mercantile traveller of
Alton, in the county of Madison in the State of Illinois, and George Richard
Moore millwright,, of. St Louis in the State of Missouri, both in the United
States of America
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS of the firm of Harris and Mills of
23 Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent AN
IMPROVED COMBINED LETTER SHEET AND ENVELOPE A communication to me
from abroad by Richard William Stevens, mercantile traveller of Alton, in the
county of Madison in the State of Illinois, and George Richard Moore millwright,
of St Louis in the State of Missouri, both in the United States of America
The invention consists of a sheet of paper, formed and perforated or cut so that
it admits of folding in various ways to constitute a closed or open envelope.
In carrying out the invention, a sheet of note, letter or other writing paper of
any desired size is employed, and to enable the proper closure or sealing of the
same, it is so cut or formed, as to have at least three flaps or strips, adapted when
the sheet is folded up to project from the body of the sheet so that when folded
together and fastened by wax, gum or other means the said, flaps will thoroughly
protect and secure the contents of the folded missive.
The following advantages are claimed for this envelope.sheet.
First: While supplying all the advantages of a letter sheet and envelope it is
cheaper and more convenient.
Second: It is sealed by means of a single removeable gummed flap and two
removable ungummed flaps, it can be readily copied in the letter press copy book,
either before or after mailing as in one case the gummed flap may project from the
copy-book and in the other case there would be no gummed surface exposed.
Third: When folded ready to seal, any additional paper may be inserted.
Fourth While the inside of the letter cannot be inspected during transit, it can
be readily opened by a blade inserted beneath either of the ungummed flaps.
Fifth It is adapted for use as a "note" sheet or a "broad" sheet.
Sixth Its construction is such that no unusual amount of folding is required in
any of its applications.

page_text: Seventh It affords at least three forms of envelope-namely-one perfectly
sealed one open to inspection and a satchel or pouch envelope.
Eighth The sheet may be nearly covered with writing that is completely
hidden, which writing is not injured in the slightest degree by opening the
envelope.
Ninth The outer sealing flap forms a smooth surface upon which any matter
may be printed, thus differing from the back and front of the ordinary envelope in
which the folds render the execution of a good job of printing impossible besides
causing injury to the type,
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OR ARRANGEMENT OF TUBES FOR REFRIGERATORS AND LIKE APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Briggs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1883.
SAMUEL BRIGGS, Brewer's Engineer of Burton on Trent in the County of
Stafford "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OR ARRANGEMENT OF TUBES FOR
REFRIGERATORS AND LIKE APPARATUS
”
The object of this Invention is the construction or arrangement of tubes for
refrigerators and like apparatus.
The Invention consists of tubes of oval or somewhat flat shape with slightly
rounded upper surface and also with a slightly bellied under surface whose centre
in the line of the length of the tube is ribbed or formed with a gutter or channel.
Tubes thus made or shaped may be "drawn" seamless, or have lapped or braized
seams on the upper or other surface.
A series of such tubes can be arranged in end frames as to form a zigzag channel
from top to bottom, the gutter or mid-feather serving to ensure the flow of the
Liquor under operation to the central part of each tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RABBIT HUTCHES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Francis Morant at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1883.
Major GEORGE FRANCIS MORANT of Blackerton Dulverton in the County of
Devon "IMPROVEMENTS IN RABBIT HUTCHES
"
This invention has for its object improvements in rabbit hutches.
Attempts have been made on a large scale but not successfully to rear rabbits in
confinement for commercial purposes. Hardly any animal gives a better return
for the food it eats, or reaches maturity sooner, than a rabbit.
But they
comparatively seldom continue to thrive when kept tame and die of various
diseases while a wild rabbit rears every young one. The cause of this is that
hitherto no means has been devised to confine rabbits effectually and yet so as to
admit of their being kept in a cleanly state.
I construct hutches having bottoms of open wire netting,
on the turf and allow the rabbits to graze through the wire.
of a few seconds and being done frequently the ground the
clean as if they were in a wild state.
These bottoms rest
Moving is the work
rabbits are on is as
The hutch is about five feet long and two broad, say two feet four inches high
in front, one foot eight inches high at back. The frame work on which the roof
rests projects three inches forming four handles. The back, roof, one end and
eighteen inches of the front are of close boards overlapping one inch. The rest
of the front, one end and the floor are of wire netting. One foot from the ground
and projecting one foot four inches from one end is a shelf of wood slightly
aloping it forms a dry resting place.
A sliding board with a hole in it connects this shelf with the floor. Under the
shelf is a false bottom of wood which is laid on the wire when the nest is
required.
Opposite ends of each pair of hutches are boarded so that when four are put
together they form a perfect shelter whichever way the wind may blow.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC AND DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES AND MOTORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1883.
ALLAN CLARK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC AND DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES AND MOTORS,"
This Invention relates to improvements in forming or constructing the armatures
and field magnets of magneto-electric and dynamo-electric machines and motors..
The cores of armatures, such as those of the Siemens type which are wound
longitudinally, are, according to this Invention, bent or formed of S shape in cross
section to present the greatest possible extent of surface on which the wire of the
armature is wound, A much greater number of convolutions of wire than is usual
being wound on the core of the armature, the power of the armature is corres-
pondingly increased.
According to this Invention also, the field magnets of magneto-electric and
dynamo-electric machines and motors are made of semi-cylindrical or elliptical
form and fitted together to surround the revolving armature with poles of like
name adjacent to each other, and the internal surfaces of the magnets are made to
taper gradually inwards towards the poles, and to recede from the axis at the part
between the poles.
As the armature revolves and its pole pieces approach the extremities of the poles
of the field magnets, the surfaces more closely approach each other in the radial
direction also, so that the attraction between the poles of the armature, and of the
field magnets is exerted gradually and becomes more powerful as the poles approach
each other. In dynamos and motors the field magnets are conveniently wound at
a point, intermediate between the poles, which is further removed from the axis
than the poles are. A large number of convolutions of wire may be wound on to
the field magnets without interfering with the free rotation of the armature
between the coils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCARFS OR NECKTIES,
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Clegg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1883.
THOMAS CLEGG, of Hampton Court, in the County of Middlesex, Hotel Keeper,
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCARFS OR NECKTIES,
.
My improvements in scarfs or neckties relate more especially to those scarfs
which are made of linen, cotton, or other washing material, and my invention has
for its object to devise or arrange theso articles in such manner that when soiled
they may be reversed so as to be worn again, and finally, that they may be readily
washed without the necessity of taking the component part to pieces, and as this
scarf is well held together it sits better on the collar. My improvements are also
applicable to scarfs or necktics made of satin, silk, or a combination of both or
other materials, so that the same may be reversed and worn again when one side of
the scarf becoines soiled.
For the purposes of my.invention the scarf consists of a band or strip of suitable
material forming one portion, member or piece of the scarf, and at or about the
centre of which, and at the edge thereof, I sow or attach a second portion, member
or piece in such a way that it acts as a hinge and lies at right angles with the
first piece. This second portion, member or pieco is of such a length as to be
readily passed under or over and around the first piece in one or the other
direction, to constitute the front portion, foundation or base of the scarf, and at
the same time to form a sufficiently rigid portion so as to dispense with the use of
cardboard, wadding, or other stiffening medium.
The first member, portion or piece thus attached, or, as it were, hinged to the
second member portion or piece, is also capable of being folded in one or the
other direction over the second member or piece and always in the same crease,
thereby preventing any unsightly or unneccessary creases or folds in the scarf or
necktic.
The neckband is separate from the scarf proper, and is retained in place by a
stud which takes into a button hole in the second portion or piece. The free end
of this neckband is also provided with two or more button holes so as to adapt the
scarf to any size collar, and into these button holos the stud engages in order to
retain the entire scarf in place and position.

page_text: A button hole is also formed in the back or central portion of the neck band
and engages in a button or stud at the back of the collar so as to aid in retaining
the scarf in place, and preventing the said band from riding up over the collar.
But the stud which takes into a button hole in the second portion or piece may
be dispensed with, and the stud retaining the shirt collar in place may be utilized
for the purpose of retaining the scarf and neckband in place and position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS AND PULLIES 37
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Russell Gubbins of 17 Park Road New Cross
in the County of Kent Gentleman for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS AND PULLIES
37
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Russell Gubbins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1883.
RICHARD RUSSELL GUBBINS of 17 Park Road New Cross in the County of
Kent Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS AND
PULLIES"
The improvements in the pulleys or wheels for driving the emery wheel shaft
which wheels are also applicable for other purposes of transmission consist in
making the wheels with a cast malleable iron boss or hub with radiating projections
to receive the ends of tubular spokes the other or outer ends of such spokes are
fastened to the periphery of the wheel by malleable cast lugs or feet the stocks or
projections whereof are inserted into the tubular spoke ends.
Where it is necessary to split the wheel the hub is made with interlocking
divided rings which screw upon the ends of the hub and will allow of the wheel
being placed upon and removed from the shafting very readily.

page_text: Secondly. In the improved construction of pullies as herein, described the
screwed interlocking divided ring E, E' in combination with the divided hub A
as and for the purpose set forth and shown by the drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said Richard Russell Gubbins have hereunto set my
hand and seal this seventh day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
In the presence of
ALFRED E. WELSH
Clerk to Walter A Barlow
Patent Agent & Engineer
6 St. Pauls Churchyard
London EC
R. R. GUBBINS (L.S.)
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SADDLES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Lehmann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1883. Communicated to him
from abroad by Fritz Weissgerber, formerly saddler to the German Army, of
Verden, Hanover, in the German Empire
OSCAR LEHMANN, of 28 Rue Desbordes-Valmore, Paris, France, " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SADDLES," a communication to me from abroad by Fritz Weissgerber,
formerly saddler to the German army, of Verden, Hanover, in the German Empire,
This invention has for its object to provide the saddle with an elastic attach-
ment, instead of the usual girth-straps.
For this purpose I fix to the saddle-tree a pair of elastic bands preferably made
of steel, and curved so as to pass round the body of the horse, the bands being
covered with felt and leather or other suitable material provided at the free end
with an ordinary strap-joint. The two bands are preferably attached to the saddle-
tree by two or more strong screws, and pass under the right and left saddle Bap
over the body of the horse, one band being longer than the other, so that the
buckle or other joint is situated on the side of the horse.
As these elastic bands fit to the body of the horse and exercise constantly a
moderate pressure, there is no tendency for the saddle to get loose, and much less
time is required to fix the saddle, than for fixing it with ordinary straps, without
producing undue pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS OR ENERGY
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Berwick Cunningham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1883.
ALBERT BERWICK CUNNINGHAM of Palace Chambers in the City of Westminster
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
GENERATING ELECTRIC CURRENTS OR ENERGY
13
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby machinery or
apparatus for generating electric currents or energy can be worked without the
great waste of electricity which occurs with such machinery or apparatus as at
present used.
According to my said Invention I surround or cover the machinery or apparatus
or the generating portion thereof with a hood covering or structure composed of a
non-conducting material or having a non-conducting lining or cover. The air in
the space between the machine or apparatus and the interior of the hood covering
or structure may be cooled, dried, exhausted to a vacuum or partial vacuum or
compressed or otherwise treated in order to obtain or promote a more favorable
condition for generating electricity and thus prevent as far as may be the waste or
dissipation of electricity and direct as much as is possible of the electricity.
generated by the Machine or apparatus through the leads or in other direction for
utilization If desired there may be placed in this hood covering or structure or
in connection therewith an accumulator collector or storer of Electricity so that
the electricity or some portion of the electricity which would otherwise be
dissipated and wasted is conducted to this accumulator collector or storer from
which it can be conducted to any suitable place for utilization. The electricity
generated in the ordinary way by the machine may also be in whole or in part
conducted to the said accumulator Collector or storer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING WATCHES AND THE LIKE BEING LOST OR STOLEN FROM THE POCKET
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1883.
WILLIAM WAIN, of Skegness in the county of Lincoln
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING WATCHES AND THE LIKE BEING LOST OR STOLEN
FROM THE POCKET
"
This invention has for its object the better protection of watches and like articles
such for example as sovereign purses pocket compasses, pedometers or barometers
being accidentally dropped or stolen from the pocket of the article of dress in which
such may be worn or carried.
I provide a plate of suitable metal carrying a lug or bracket on which I pivot a
bell crank lever having a fork or open slot at one end, the other end serving as a
handle or thumb-piece.
I fit a headed or studded pin to or on the plate so that when in its normal
position the bell crank fork lies against the stud or head of the pin.
Lugs on the back of the plate carry a cross pin or other device for securing the
whole to the lining of the pocket or to the cloth or fabric.
To secure a watch or like instrument or article the bell crank is raised or pulled
up and the ring of the watch slid on the headed pin, the bell crank being then
depressed or lowered, the fork or open slot comes over the pin and abuts on the
head or stud, thus preventing the watch or other article being slid or pulled off the
pin and out of the pocket till the bell crank be depressed. Instead of a pivoted
bell crank it might be made of spring metal.
.
INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING DISTANCES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tulloch Whish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1883..
JOHN TULLOCH WHISH of Southsea in the county of Hants:
INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING DISTANCES
"
"AN IMPROVED
My invention relates to an instrument for measuring the distance of distant
objects situated at the apex of a triangle, the base of which is very small as
compared with the length of the sides. The apparatus and operation are most
simple when the triangle is nearly isosceles, each of the angles at its base being
nearly a right angle. In such cases, I employ apparatus of the following kind. I
provide a tripod stand carrying a horizontal plate, on which are fixed two pairs
of Y frames for carrying a telescope like that of a theodolite, these two pairs of
frames being so placed relatively to one another that, when the telescope is placed in
the one pair, its axis is at right angles to the line of its axis when placed in the
other pair. I also mount on the telescope a straight bar, graduated in equal
divisions marked on both sides, the zero point being immediately over the centre
of the telescope, and fitted to turn on a vertical pin.coincident with the zero
division, so that it can be placed either before or behind the telescope, and being
marked on both sides, can, in either of these positions, be read either from right or
left sides.
Having two such instruments, one situated at each end of the measured base, an
observer at either end placing his telescope on one pair of the Y frames directs it
towards the distant object, and by then transferring it to the other pair of Y frames,
reads off the division crossed by the axis' of his telescope on the graduated bar of
the other instrument, the other observer does the same, and from these readings
and the length of the base the distance of the object can be readily computed.
In the case where one angle of the base is exactly a right angle, the observer at
this point would read zero on the other bar, and therefore the reading made by
the other observer would alone determine the distance, but in all other cases two
readings are necessitated, and the sum of these is to be taken if both bars are in
the same position as regards their respective telescopes, that is to say both directed
forwards or both backwards, the difference being taken if the two bars are oppositely

page_text: directed. Then, on dividing the square. of the length of the base by true reading
thus found, we obtain the distance of the object. Ordinary theodolites with
graduated bars could obviously be employed as above described.
Theodolites so fitted could also be employed when the base angles of the triangle
differ considerably from right angles, the bars being placed at proper inclinations.
Thus the bar at one extremity of the base would have to be placed at an inclination
equal to double that base angle, and the observer at the other base angle would
read back the single angle increased by 180° to the division on the bar which would
have to be used as the divisor of the square of the base, in order to determine the
'distance.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SNOW FROM RAIL OR TRAMWAYS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Middleton Justice at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1883. Com-
municated to him from abroad by Nicolas Jacobs of Brussels in the Kingdom
of Belgium.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County
of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM
OF AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SNOW FROM RAIL OR TRAMWAYS" A communi-
cation to me from abroad by Nicolas Jacobs of Brussels in the Kingdom of
Belgium
The object of this invention is the efficient removal of snow from rail or tramways
and from the rails thereof The invention consists in the system of and apparatus
for effecting such removal as hereinafter described A large double snow plough-
share is mounted as hereinafter described upon a truck adapted to be pushed in
front of the train The truck runs upon two or more pairs of toothed wheels which
break the snow or ice which adheres to the rails, the broken material being
removed by a brush wheel operated by gearing from the axle of one of the carrying
wheels The ploughshare is carried at its forward part by an arm pivoted upon the
truck and at the rear is operated upon by a toothed segment into which a pinion
engages, said pinion being in turn governed by a hand crank By the movement
of said crank the pinion causes the ploughshare to be deflected to the right or left
or remain in the direct line of travel depending upon whether it is desired to throw
the snow equally upon both sides of the roadway or upon the left or right thereof
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McNaught and William
McNaught, Junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
9th November 1883.
JOHN MCNAUGHT and WILLIAM MCNAUGHT Junior, of St Georges Foundry,
Rochdale in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR DRYING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Our invention relates to machinery for drying wool and other fibrous materials.
The material to be dried is fed by an endless apron or aprons, or any other
suitable arrangement of mechanism to a horizontal frame or surface formed of
woven wire (or any other similar surface which will sustain the material and allow
air to freely pass through it, may be used) this surface or framo is suspended,
carried and arranged so that a rising and falling motion combined with a notion
forward and backward in the direction of its length is imparted to it by cranks,
shafts, connecting rods and levers or other suitable mechanism.
The material is passed along the frame by the action of the combined rising and
falling and forward and backward motions.
Other frames or surfaces are or may be arranged in like manner at a suitablo
distance apart below the first named frame, and all the frames are or may be
enclosed in a chamber.
The frames are.or may be arranged that.the first, third and fifth, and so on will
move together and the second, fourth and sixth (and so on, according to the
number employed) will also move together so that the one series are or may be
ascending when the other series are descending in their movements.
The up and down movements of the frames will cause the air to pass freely
through the material carried by them and the combined horizontal and up and
down motions of the frames, (as before stated) will cause the material to travel from
one end of each frame to the other, so that when the material arrives at the
delivery end of the first or upper frame it will drop to the one immediately below
and then travel in the opposite direction and drop from the second frame on the
next frame below and so on until it arrives at and is delivered by the lowest framo
from the chamber on to an endless apron or other arrangement.
"
P

page_text: "
The up and down motion of the frame or frames is made, if desired, to draw or
pump air through an opening or openings into the chamber which opening or
openings have or may have valves to close against the return of the air.
There is also an outlet or outlets for air that has passed through the chamber so
that there may be a continual change of air therein.
5
The air entering the chamber is or may be heated by passing over or in contact
with surfaces heated by steam hot air or other suitable means.
In place of drawing or pumping air into the chamber in the manner aforesaid, it
may be drawn or blown in by a fan or by any other suitable means.
AN IMPROVE- MENT CONNECTED WITH THE FRAMES OR BACKBONES OF BICYCLES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Speirs Simpson and John
William Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
17th August 1883.
WILLIAM SPEIRS SIMPSON of Battersea Park Road in the county of Surrey and
JOHN WILLIAM PHILLIPS of 30 Walbrook in the city of London. AN IMPROVE-
MENT CONNECTED WITH THE FRAMES OR BACKBONES OF BICYCLES.
•
The object of this invention is to divide the back bone or its equivalent of a
bicycle or to so arrange the lower rear portion of one as to hinge or joint it to the
upper or main portion and to fit a spring at or near the hinged portions to receive
and absorb the vibration of the small rear wheel while travelling whereby the rider
is kept steady in his seat, the small rear wheel readily adjusting itself to the
inequalities of the road without the usual jumping motion being felt by the rider
For the purpose of our invention we form a rounded or other shaped end to the
main frame or backbone of a bicycle and a corresponding fork to the upper end of
a tail piece which forms a continuation of the backbone and carries the small rear
wheel. The rounded end and the forked portion are provided with checks or stops
to permit of the two parts when bolted or pinned to form a joint or hinge to rock
within certain limits
At or about where the hinge joint is situate we have lips or other projecting
pieces between or in connection with which we arrange a spring which allows the
tail piece to yield when the rear wheel strikes against a stone or other impediment
the impact being cushioned so to speak and the vibration of the concussion
absorbed by the spring which returns the tail piece and rear wheel to their normal
position.
The connection of a detachable tail piece to the backbone of a bicycle can be
arranged differently to that above described the important feature being a tail piece
hinged to and serving as part of the back bone of a bicycle whereby the rear wheel
and tail piece under the tension of a spring have a yielding motion to reduce or
absorb vibration and percussions while travelling