Improvements in Steam Generators
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application 4th May, 1895-Accepted, 8th June, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Steam Generators
I, WILLIAM RITCHIE AUSTIN, of Richmond Road Stockton on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement
This invention relates to steam generators of the type in which a lower water
chamber communicates with an upper water and steam chamber through a series of
vertical water tubes
The main object in view is to so dispose and arrange the several parts constituting
the steam generator that the novel construction of the apparatus enables a volume
and pressure of steam to be generated therein within thinner shell plates than can
In
at present be used in ordinary boilers with the same margin of safety
conjunction with this object, due provision is made for an advantageous distribution
and sufficient area of heating surface, and for a free circulation of water
My improvements further embrace certain details of construction for enabling
the water tubes to be readily inserted in position between the tube plates, removed
therefrom or closed up as occasion requires
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect, I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accom-
panying diawings, in which
Figure 1 is a longitudinal pait sectional view of a steam generator constructed
according to my invention corresponding to which Figure 2 is a
sectional view taken on line xx of Figure 1
transverse
Figure is an enlarged plan view showing the arrangement of the vertical
water tubes, and
Figure 4 is a sectional view drawn to a large scale showing in detail my
improved mode of fixing the vertical water tubes into the upper tube plate
In the figures a is the upper water and steam chamber and 6 the lower water
chamber, the former of which is of a emi-cylindrical shaped section or thereabouts
when taken transversely and the latter of a section between a semicircle and a
complete circle These two chambers are united together with their flat sides
opposite by a series of vertical water tubes c to which the opposite flat sides a¹ b¹
serve as tube plates dd ue circulating tubes or pipes communicating with the
water space in chamber a and preferably with the lower part of chamber 6 being
carried round with a bend to expand more tieely The products of combustion
generated in the furnace or internal flue e first give off heat to the water contained
in the lower chamber and then diffuse themselves amongst the series of water
tubes c which are arranged in 171g-zag course as shown in Figure 3 to intercept
the hot gases on their way to the chimney stack or uptake ƒ as indicated by the
arrows in Figures 1 and 3 The advantage of the internal flue e is that where
impure water is used the sediment accumulates at the bottom or lowest and coolest
part of the boiler whereas with the furnace below the boiler the accumulation of
sediment would be a source of danger from the overheating of the bottom plates
99 are doors in the sides of the boiler casing for accessibility to the tube for
inspection and repairs and h h are manholes in the end for acce-s to the interior of
chamber 6 similar provision not shown being made for access to the interior of
chamber a
C
In order to insert the water tubes c into position in the tube plates the hole in
one of the tube plates a¹ is made larger than the diameter of the tube. The

page_text: latter is angled until placed in the vertical position, I then screw a slightly
tapered nut into the tube plate a' at the same time screwing the tube c into this,
as shown in detail in Figure 4 The opposite end of the tube is secured to the
other tube plate in the manner of stay tubes The usual nut k and washer I
arrangement then effects the steam and water tight joint But as the immediate
removal of a particular tube may not always be convenient, to stop a leakage
I provide a screw cap, consisting of a combined cap and collar nut which can be
readily screwed onto the ends of whatever water tube may require closing up
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
Firstly In steam generators the general arrangement and construction of parts
in which an upper water and steam chamber and a lower internally flued water
chamber of the partially or semicylindrical form in transverse section are united
together, by a series of vertical water tubes substantially as hereinbefore described,
and illustrated in the accompanying drawing
Secondly In steam generators of the kind in which a series of water tubes unite
two opposite tuoe plates, the use of the slightly tapered uut for screwing into
the tube plate and onto the tube in combination with a nut k and washer 1, as and
for the purpose as herein before described and illustrated more particularly in
Figure 4 of the accompanying drawing
Dated this 3rd day of Mon 1905
GJ CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant