IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING DOUGH, OR WORKING OR MIXING PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of
Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING DOUGH, OR WORKING
OR MIXING PLASTIC MATERIALS." - A communication from Monsieur
Vallée.
Sealed the 3rd May 1859, and dated the 16th November, 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1858.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON,. of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North,
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING DOUGH, OR WORKING-
AND MIXING PLASTIC MATERIALS," (a communication from Monsieur Vallée, a.
foreigner resident abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus especially adapted for kneading dough in the making.
of bread on board ship, or for working and mixing plastic substances of all

page_text: kinds requiring such treatment. The apparatus consists of a suitable frame
or support fitted with a kneading trough, having a curved or semicircular
bottom, and within which works the kneader. This kneader consists of a
metal frame fitted with a trellis, which is capable of being removed at pleasure.
The kneader so formed fills the transverse area of the trough, and is caused to
pass to and fro along the bottom and upper surface of the trough by the aid
of a long slotted arm extending upwards from the upper edge of the kneader,
and working over a fixed guide pin in a portion of the framing of the machine.
Motion is imparted to this kneader by a revolving crank or eccentric, the pin
of which is secured to the slot in the arm before referred to. As the crank
revolves it causes the kneader to travel along the bottom of the trough until it
reaches the end thereof, when it rises to the surface, bringing with it the paste
which was below, and travels back again along the surface to the opposite end
of the trough again. Suitable spur gearing and a fly wheel is employed for
imparting and regulating the motion of the machine.
When out of use the trough may be covered over by a board, when it will
serve as an excellent kitchen table, whilst the under part of the machine forms.
a species of safe or larder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN HENRY
JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and of
166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her, Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second-year
of Her reign, did, for Herself; Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John-
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I; the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all.
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great-
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention+

page_text: for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR KNEADING DOUGH,
OR WORKING OR MIXING PLASTIC MATERIALS," a communication from Monsieur
Vallée, a foreigner resident abroad, upon the condition (amongst others).
that I, .the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
: .
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
. The said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus especially adapted for kneading dough in the making
of bread on board ship, or for working and mixing plastic substances of all
kinds requiring such treatment. The apparatus consists of a suitable frame
or support fitted with a kneading trough, having a curved or semicircular
bottom, and within which works the kneader. This kneader consists of a metal
frame fitted with a trellis, which is capable of being removed at pleasure.
The kneader so formed fills the transverse area of the trough, and is caused to
pass to and fro along the bottom and upper surface of the trough by the aid of
a long slotted arm extending upwards from the upper edge of the kneader, and
working over a fixed guide pin in a portion of the framing of the machine.
Motion is imparted to this kneader by a revolving crank or eccentric, the pin
of which is secured to the slot in the arm before referred to. As the crank
revolves it causes the kneader to travel along the bottom of the trough until it
reaches the end thereof, when it rises to the surface, bringing with it the
paste which was below, and travels back again along the surface to the
opposite end of the trough again. Suitable spur gearing and a fly wheel is
employed for imparting and regulating the motion of the machine.
.
I When out of use the trough may be covered over by a board, when it will
serve as an excellent kitchen table, whilst the under part of the machine forms
a species of safe or larder.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the

page_text: Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of the kneading machine
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same, looking at right angles to Figure 1
and Figures 3 and 4 are details of the actual kneader or stirrer detached.
The machine, as illustrated by the Drawings, is more particularly adapted
for use on board ship. A meat safe may be formed in the space B beneat
the kneading trough, and closed by a door C, and whilst the trough is not in
actual use it may be covered over by a board A, which will answer the purpose
of a kitchen table. When required for kneading dough the board A is
removed and the kneader P is put in motion by the winch handle E, which
turns the shaft F, and by the intervention of the pinion G and endless chain H
drives the shaft J through the pinion I. The shaft J carries at one part a
spur wheel K, gearing into the pinion L of the fly wheel shaft M, and at
another part it carries a pinion N, which drives the spur wheel O of the
shaft Q. The shaft Q mounted in two bearings carries a crank R, to the pin
of which is connected the rod S of the kneader P. A slot T is made in the
upper part of this rod, in which works the antifriction roller V, carried by the
support U of the main framing W, and serving as a guide for the rod S.
The movement imparted to the kneader rod by the crank R is of a peculiar
nature, since the extremity of the rod is controlled by the fixed guide V, which
by working within the slot T, causes the kneader to oscillate on the crank pin.
This peculiar movement or course of the kneader is shewn by the blue dotted
lines in Figure 1, where also it is shewn at four different positions 1, 2, 3, 4,
corresponding to the two vertical and two horizontal positions of the actuating
crank R. The course of the kneader, as will be seen on referring to Figure 1,1
consists of a curve and a nearly straight line at the surface of the trough, so
that the kneader, after having well mixed and worked up the dough whilst
travelling over the curved bottom of the trough, spreads this dough when
returning in a straight line, thereby imitating as nearly as possible the
operation of hand kneading. The kneader P is provided with a species of
trellis Z, which may be removed at pleasure, so that having completed the first
part of the operation with the frame P, in combination with the trellis Z, the
trellis may be removed for the purpose of completing the operation with the
frame P open..
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what

page_text: I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of apparatus
for kneading or working dough or paste, as herein-before described.
Second, the combination of the stationary guide, working in the slot in
the end of the kneader rod, with the crank for actuating such rod, as herein-
before described.
Third, the imparting to the kneader the peculiar movement herein-
before described and illustrated by the blue dotted lines in Figure 1 of the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)