IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR DYEING TEXTILE
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Emile Kopp, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Professor of Chemistry, and Frederick Albert
Gatty, of Accrington aforesaid, Manufacturing Cheinist, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR DYEING TEXTILE
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Emile Kopp and
Frederick Albert Gatty at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition and Declaration, on the 9th
December 1852, pursuant to the 9th section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc,
EMILE KOPP, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Professor
of Chemistry, and FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington afore-
said, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR DYEING TEXTILE
FABRICS," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bc
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):
In the process of printing or dyeing cotton and other textile
fabrics, tartaric acid and some similar acids have been used for the

page_text: purpose of fixing some colors, and causing the discharge of others
upon those parts of the fabric to which the acid has been applied
by block printing rollers or other convenient means.
Now our
said Invention consists in substituting arsenic acid for tartaric or
other acids for the purpose of fixing, and in substituting arsenic
acid or phosphoric acid, for the purpose of causing the discharge
colors, as above mentioned, more economically than heretofore,
arsenic acid and phosphoric acid being much less costly than
tartaric acid.
The arsenic acid and phosphoric acid we prepare by any of the
well-known processes applicable for that purpose; and for the more
convenient application of them we make solutions of these two acids
in water of a density equal to about 170° Twaddle's hydrometer,
which, for the sake of distinction, we call liquid arsenic acid and
liquid phosphoric acid, as the case may be; these two acids may,
however, be used dry or in powder, in like manner as tartaric and
oxalic acids are sometimes used.
In the preparation of colors, usually called "Steam Colors," con-
taining alkaline and metallic prussiates, arsenic acid may be substi-
tuted for tartaric or other acids, mixing the arsenic acid with the
color and printing, and proceeding in the manner generally adopted
by calico printers for the purpose of producing steam colors.
In preparing these colors, we use from one pound and a quarter
to one pound and a half of liquid arsenic acid, in lieu of every
pound of tartaric acid which would be required in preparing these
colors in the ordinary way.
For the purpose of causing the Turkey red or other color of pre-
-viously died cloth to be discharged in those parts of the fabric to
which acid may be applied by printing in the usual way, arsenic
acid or phosphoric acid may be substituted for tartaric or other
acid, and mixed with feculent matter (generally called thickening),
such as that with which tartaric acid is usually applied.
In using arsenic acid or phosphoric acid in this manner, we find
about one pound of liquid arsenic acid, or one pound of liquid phos-
phoric acid, to be equivalent to one pound of tartaric acid for the

page_text: purpose of effecting the object in view. The thickened solution of
arsenic acid or phosphoric acid is to be applied and treated in the
same manner as a thickened solution of tartaric acid; and it may
be applied, mixed or together, with any other material for producing
different colors upon the printed parts of the cloth, in the manner
well understood by Turkey-red dyers and printers. When a fabric,
parts of which have been printed with a thickened solution of
arsenic acid or phosphoric acid in the usual way, is immersed in a
solution of chloride of lime, the arsenic acid or phosphoric acid ad-
hering to the printed parts of the cloth will (in like manner as tar-
taric acid) decompose small portions of the chloride of lime coming
in contact with it, and cause the evolution of sufficient chlorine to
discharge the dye or color upon those parts of the cloth in the
usual way.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we would have it
understood that we do not claim arsenic acid or phosphoric acid,
or any mode of manufacturing these acids, as of our Invention:
but what we claim is, firstly, the application or combination of
arsenic acid, together with the other materials used in the prepara-
tion of steam colors, as herein before described; secondly, the appli-
cation of arsenic acid to Turkey red or other dyed cloth, for the
purpose of causing the discharge of its dye or color, as hereinbefore
described; and, lastly, the application of phosphoric acid to Turkey
red or other dyed cloth, for the purpose of causing the discharge of
its dye or colour, as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Emile Kopp and Frederick
Albert Gatty, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Eighth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-two
EMILE KOPP.
(L.S.)
FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY. (L.S.)