Improved Apparatus for Malting Grain.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 13th June, 1889-Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1889-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Malting Grain.
I, ADOLPH BEHR of Coethen, Anhalt in the Empire of Germany Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
The object of this invention is to construct a machine in which the various operations
necessary to the preparation of malt may be successively performed.
The machine consists principally of a chamber supported upon two pedestals and
preferably revolvable therein on a horizontal axis. The chamber may be, for con-
venience in construction, rectangular in cross section, and along two of the opposite
walls are arranged pipes opening into the chamber and connected at the pedestals with
suitable supply pipes for admission of cooled or heated air or water as and when
required during the various stages of the malting. The pedestals may contain or form
in themselves the said pipes connected with those along the chamber suitable valves or
cocks with indicators of their position being disposed where required in the pipes for
cutting off or regulating the supply-One of the pedestals carries suitable gear for
revolving the chamber when desired-The sides of the chamber are jacketted for water,
cold or hot as desired to be passed through the same-Partitions or baffles may be
arranged in these jackets to cause the water to pass over as great a distance as possible
for the better utilizing of its heat or cold as the case may be-Suitable hand holes are
made in the chamber for examination of the malt during the process-Lids or
removable covers are also employed for permitting of the insertion of the steeped
grain-Between the chamber and the pipe conduits are suitable gratings preventing
the grain from passing into the pipes The water jackets before mentioned may in
certain cases be composed of a series of pipes-A ventilator is arranged to operate the
air currents in whichever direction may be desired and suitable mechanism is provided
for enabling the operator to pass a blast of air through the grain for instance during
its sprouting stage to loosen and turn over the grain at intervals-This blast also
he used to clean out the air pipes at the side of the chamber from dust husks etc.
fallen therein during the malting suitable traps being provided for their removal when
cleaning the machine.
may
Such apparatus may be arranged in close proximity to utilize all available space and
in case of stationary machines the water jacketting may serve for adjacent machines.
To ascertain the amount of carbonic acid passing away in the air, there is arranged
in a suitable chamber a lamp resembling a miners safety lamp of Davy's principle-
and the air to be tested is carried into said chamber for the feed of the lamp. The
amount of carbonic acid will be roughly estimated by the intensity of the flame.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1888.
HERBERT & CO.,
Agents to Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Malting Grain.
I ADOLPH BEHR of Coethen, Anhalt, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of this invention is to construct a machine in which the various operations
necessary to the preparation of malt may be successively performed.
In the accompanying 5 sheets of drawings Fig. 1 of sheet I represents a rotating_
sprouting and kiln drying apparatus partly in longitudinal section and partly in front
elevation view, whilst Fig. 2. illustrates the plan of this apparatus partly in section. In

page_text: sheet II Fig. 1, is a cross-section through the front journal device of the apparatus
and Fig. 2 a cross-section through the malt-chamber. Fig. 3 is a end view of the
apparatus, showing the propelling device and Fig. 4. is a cross section through the
pivot of the, malt chamber. Sheet III shows the circulation of air and water in
the grain malting-apparatus; Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section, Fig. 2. a longitudinal
section through the double wall for the water-circuit, Fig. 3 a horizontal longitudinal
section through the malt-chamber, Fig. 4 a cross section through the front journal
support, Fig. 5 a cross section through the front part of the malt chamber and Fig. 6
a cross-section through the center of the malt chamber.
Sheet IV shows the apparatus made stationary; Figs. 1 and 2 are respectively cross-
section and longitudinal section, Fig. 3 shows the side-walls approaching slantingly
and Fig. 6 with side walls oblique throughout. Fig. 4 is a front view and Fig. 5 a
longitudinal section through one of the double walls of the same guiding the water.
Sheet V Fig. 1. is the arrangement of the several stationary apparatus placed next
one another with the cooling and compressed air conduits for the same, whilst Fig. 2,
represents the well with the worm for cooling the air.
The machine represented in sheets I to III consists principally of a chamber K
supported upon two pedestals and preferably revolvable therein on a horizontal axis.
The chamber may be, for convenience in construction, rectangular in cross-section and
along two of the opposite walls are arranged pipes d d opening into the chamber and
connected at the pedestals with suitable supply pipes a a and b b for the respective
admission and outlet of cooled or heated air or water as and when required during
the various stages of the malting. The pedestal may contain or form in themselves
the said pipes a ha¹ b₁ connected with those along the chamber, suitable valves or
cocks with indicators of their position w being disposed where required in the
pipes for cutting off or regulating the supply.
The hollow spaces indicated by i and situated on both longitudinal sides of the grainu
chamber.
From
Fig. 2 are completely shut off from the latter and are each formed by two metal
plates which are fastened to the two sides of an iron frame, (Fig. 3 sheet 3).
this frame extend tongue like strips n which have the whole height of the space i as
far as nearly the opposite side so that the space i affords winding passages as seen in
Figs. 2. 3 and 6 sheet 3. At both ends of the chamber this space i is in communica-
tion by means of the channels ff (Figs. 1 and 2 sheet 1) with the central tubes e e¹
which are shut off by the cocks k k which tubes serve for introducing water into the
space i.
The water, which according to requirements is either introduced heated or cold,
according to whether a heating or a cooling of the grain is required, flows along the
two longitudinal sides in the same direction namely from e or as indicated by Figs. 2
and 3 sheet 4 by arrows, from e¹, through the channel f¹ to the chamber i traversing
the same in serpentine curves in order to be then run off through f and e so that
water of a certain temperature is guided along the two longitudinal sides of the grain
chamber and on its way is put in immediate contact with the grain by the serpentine
curves formed by the strips n, an approximate even temperature is given to the grain
or the action of the cold or warm air introduced direct to the grain is supported in
such a manner that it is not made difficult to attain a higher or lower degree of tem-
perature in the apparatus corresponding to the respective requirements the centres of
the trunnions z and 2 are formed tubes whose outer ends are respectively connected
by a stuffing box n with the pipes e e¹ and which serve for the outlet or inlet of water
to be regulated by cocks k k¹. The two narrow sides of the malt box K are closed by
lids m and form hollow parts which are separated from the interior of the box by
sieves or gratings and as they are in direct connection with the channels c in the
hollow trunnions (Fig. 1 sheet I) they serve for the inlet and outlet of air for the
box. The broader sides of the box are formed with double metal walls and the spaces i
(Fig. 2. sheet I and Fig. 2 sheet II) between these walls are connected with the
water pipes and serve for the cooling or warming of the malt according as cold or
warm water is passed therein.
2

page_text: For the purpose of running the water through the double walls by the longest
possible way, there are inserted partition walls u inside the space i which reach alter-
nately from either side nearly to the opposite side of this space to force the water to
flow through the latter in a zigzag course (Figs. 2 and 3 sheet III). At different
places on the broader side of the apparatus hand holes are provided by which
samples may be taken out during the process. In order that the box may be worked
by hand or by power the gearing rst having worm and worm wheel stis
arranged on the front of the apparatus (Fig. 1 sheet I and Fig. 2 sheet II) the
wormwheel being fixed to the hollow trunnion of the box so that the latter may
be moved by the turning of crank wheel o or pulley p.
The method of using the apparatus is illustrated in sheet III. After the swollen
barley is placed in the apparatus through the openings left by the removal of the
lids m and the grating g on the top side, the latter are refixed and the lids m closed
air tight; a stream of cold air is blown through c into the chamber (cooled in a
manner described hereafter) through the connecting channel a, the cock h being open
and the cock closed (Fig. 1 sheet III). This cold air enters the malt chamber from
below as shown by the arrows in Fig. 1 sheet III, through the gratings or sieves and
passes up through the barley to escape at the top of the box through the upper
gratings and channel b', the cock h² being closed.
The circulation of air can also be effected in the opposite direction by way
of a¹² cd g d' ch¹b with closed cocks h³ and h.
During the sprouting of the grains the cooling of the grain is effected by water,
the latter being distributed towards the broader side jackets of the box by means of
pipes e and fas shown in Figs. 2. 3 and 5 (sheet III); it is carried to the opposite
end of the apparatus in the zigzag manner described as indicated by the arrows in
Fig. 2 sheet III where it enters the pipe and runs off through the pipe e¹. Here
also the flow of the water can be arranged in the opposite direction.
This part of the process being completed, the drying is effected by passing warm
air through the apparatus, the temperature being gradually raised after the air dried
malt is formed completely. This air is passed through in the same manner through
channel a¹ trunnion z and the space d from below, through the malt to escape above
through the trunnion and pillar bor in the opposite direction, where the tempera-
ture is kept within certain limits by the assistance of warm water, which is caused to
flow in the same direction as shown in Fig. sheet III. or in the opposite direction
also in this case the air circulation can be effected from above, downwards, instead of
from below, upwards. The box is turned at certain intervals by the mechanism
described.
Excepting as regards the air drying process, a fixed apparatus instead of a revolving
one, can be used for the remaining manipulations; the former would be the same in
construction on the whole but somewhat more simple than the latter.
The water cooling and heating walls i can be constructed as described above but
they can however be simplified in case of a revolving or stationary apparatus in so
far that the partition walls u are replaced by easily removable tubes e¹¹ inserted
above and below into the partitions i¹ (Fig. 5 sheet IV), these having numerous holes
towards the inner sides of the partitions. The perforated tubes elf are supplied with
cold water during the sprouting process, and hot water during the drying process,
either introduced into the lower tube e rising vertically through the holes therein
filling the compartment i, and running off by light pressure through the upper
tube f¹; this can be done in the opposite direction if required. This water cooling
or heating contrivance can also be fixed in case of a stationary apparatus A to the
front or back m¹ and n².
Of the ventilation gratings marked g in the revolving apparatus the upper ones.
are dispensed with in the case of a stationary apparatus (Figs. 1 and 2 sheet IV)
the lower ones g' however are curved to lie close to the lower part of a screw t.
The latter serves for the emptying of the apparatus and is revolved for that purpose.
The different compartments can be shaped according to requirements in rectangular

page_text: cross section (Fig. 1 and 4 sheet 4) or tapering at the lower part as in Fig. 3 sheet 4
or of a gradual tapering form throughout their whole height as in Fig. 6 sheet 4.
As is the case with the revolving apparatus the fresh air is introduced at a¹ under-
neath the grating y¹ and rises through the grain or malt.
To further loosen the sprouting grain and to prevent its sticking together, compressed
air is blown from time to time (Fig. 2 sheet 4) underneath through the grating so
that the sudden draught produced causes the desired loosening, and the turning over
of the grain. Also in emptying and cleaning an apparatus the husks etc. fallen
through the grating, or the grains remaining between the grating are thrown to the
end of the apparatus by means of compressed air to be removed from there through
the opening which at other times is kept shut. For this purpose the air pressure
pipe D (Fig. 1 sheet 5) is connected with the tubes c¹ for the fresh air by means of
branch tubes d. The cleaning of the upper grating may be performed in a similar
manner, the grains not carried out by the screw being blown away by compressed
air which enters just above the grating g¹ through the upper opening h¹ connected
with the air pressure pipe D.
The air for use during the sprouting process is taken by the ventilator V through
a spiral tube placed in a well B or from some other appropriate cooling contrivance
and passes also the ribbed cooling apparatus G which is filled with cold water. After
this the air receives the necessary proportion of water in the saturator H by water
distributing apparatus after which it enters the pipe E in front of the malt apparatus.
The latter can be placed side by side and reach to the ceiling to make use of existing
space, that there need only be constructed the partition walls and the walls m
and n for the cooling or warming of the water. The outer chambers for instance A
need not have on their outer sides walls with water cooling, the inner walls i¹ suffices
for the purpose.
In this case the chamber must only be made half as wide as a chamber enclosed on
both sides by water jacketted walls to make the effect equal of the cooling or heating
of water.
The cool and damp air is passed from the collecting pipe E (Fig. 2 sheet 4) through
the branch tube to the malt chamber A underneath the grating g¹, penetrates
through the grain, and travels through the branch tubes b' fitted with a safety valve v¹
and a balance throttle valve x and which communicates with the main pipe F at the
back part of the chamber..
In order to ascertain easily that the air passing through the apparatus, does not
contain too much carbonic acid which formerly was only found by chemical analysis,
the air arriving through pipe F is passed through a glass case J (Fig. 1 sheet 5) in
which is burning a Davy's safety lamp. As such a lamp, as is known, burns but
dimly in atmospheric air and diminishes upon addition of carbonic acid gas, until it
is extinguished entirely by a certain quantity it affords an indication of the amount
of carbonic acid contained in the escaping air.
of
Air is also absorbed by a compressor & from the worms in the well B or through
a similar cooling apparatus and compressed into the two receivers M and N which
are constructed in the same manner as surface condensers and connected with the
tube D in front of the apparatus A. To cool the air in the receivers heated by com-
pression on the one hand, the escaping air from F is passed through the pipes
the receiver M and from there into chimney S if it does not go through y into the
outer atmosphere, on the other hand, this chimney, or an aspirator in its place, absorbs
cool air through the pipe from the well or from a similar cooling contrivance
and cools thereby the compressed air in the receiver N the pipes of which are
connected with the pipe z¹.
The compressed air thus cooled is used when necessary for the cooling of the
sprouting grains. Besides, in order that the air when absorbed through the spiral
tube in the well or through any other equivalent contrivance should not become
polluted by the dampness or dust or dirt or fungoid organisms etc. during the
cooling process, there is added a cleaning contrivance for the worm s¹ (Fig. 2

page_text: sheet 5). The above refuse collects at the bottom of the latter and can be blown
away by pipe 1 shut off as a rule by cock s¹. For this purpose the feed pipe 2 is
connected with the exit pipe 3 by pipe 4 and with the receiver M by pipe 5.
Under ordinary working circumstances the cocks s' and in the pipes 2 and 3
are open whilst cock as well as cocks stand in pipes 4 and 5 are shut. When
however the worms is to be cleaned the cocks are closed and the cocks s¹, s
opened in consequence of which the compressed air of the receiver passes through the
two pipes of the worm; both currents ineet at the lowest spot of the latter and blow
any dirt water, etc. out through pipe 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
In sprouting and kiln drying apparatus for mechanical malting.
1. The combination of the two pedestals L L with pipes a a¹ b b for the inlet and
outlet of air and cocks h³, 12 ³ with indicators w for regulating the circulation of
air and the revolving chamber K having the trunnions which are in connection
with the pipes a a¹ bb by the hollow spaces c c¹ and with the water pipes e e¹ by the
pipes ff substantially as set forth.
2. The chamber K for receiving the grain, said chamber having hand holes and
communicating with the spaces d closed by lids m and with the air channels c c¹ by
the sieves or gratings g each channel being divided by a cross partition v into two
parts corresponding to the lower and upper spaces, said chamber having hollow
spaces in connection with water channels ff and having ribs u or their equivalents,
perforated tubes e¹ f¹ (sheet 4 Fig. 5) substantially as set forth.
3. The combination with the pedestals L L and the chamber K of the hand crank
wheel o or belt disc p, the gear qrst, the screw wheel t of which is situated upon the
trunnion of said chamber for revolving the chamber.
4. In sprouting and kiln drying apparatus A for mechanical malting with stationary
chamber for receiving grain or malt, a curved grating g₁ above which is arranged a
screw conveyor t¹ for emptying the chamber in combination with pipe ¹ for the
ejection of compressed air to cleanse the grating, and underneath the latter a pipe a¹
for introducing blast air or compressed air and an outlet pipe 1 for the utilized air
substantially as set forth.
5. Mechanism whereby compressed air may be used for the turning over or agitating
of the grain and inalt during manufacture and for assisting during emptying and
cleaning of the malt apparatus A.
6. The cooling devices for the compressed air within the receivers M and N whereby
the air used for the sprouting process is passed through the channels for the cooling
of the same substantially as set forth.
7. For cooling the compressed air, the combination of the worms or a similar
cooling device situated in the well B, the tubes ¹ in the receiver N and the chimney S
or an aspirator in lieu thereof.
8. Mechanism whereby the compressed air may be used for cleaning the worm s or
equivalent cooling apparatus in the well B.
9. The combination of the safety lamp of the Davy system, with a glass box J to
act as a carbonic acid meter for the air passed through the apparatus for malting.
Dated this 19th dan of lu 1980
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.