IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Colborne Cambridge, of Bristol, Agricul-
tural Implement Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS."
Sealed the 2nd October 1863, and dated the 21st April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Colborne Cam-
bridge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st April 1863.
I, WILLIAM COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE, of Bristol, Agricultural Implement
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to tine harrows. Under a Patent
granted to me Oct. 25th, 1860, No. 2606, I secured a method of fastening the
tines to the beams by cross heads made so as to fit into trough or double
flanged iron beams. I now purpose to dispense with the use of nuts and
screws for fastening the several parts of the harrow together, and to employ in
lieu thereof movable clamps or collars. The cross bars of the harrows are
passed through the beams and through the cross heads of the tines, and fixed
in position by means of these movable clamps or collars, which fit into notches
cut on the opposite edges of the cross bars. Slots are made vertically through
the heads of the tines and through the beams, of such convenient length as will
allow of the cross bars of the harrow passing freely through them, and the part

page_text: when thus put together are secured firmly in their places by the application of
the clamps or collars. This arrangement facilitates the taking off of the tines
for relaying.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to introduce tines into chain
harrows, by which arrangement a more perfect implement is produced than has
been heretoforo obtained for reducing a rough surface to a fine tilth.
In my Patent dated April 23rd, 1857, No. 1153, I secured an arrangement
of links coupled together by joints breadthwise of the harrow, which arrange-
ment enabled me to ensure the working of the links of the hinder part between
those of the front parts. I now purpose to manufacture the links connecting
the harrow together lengthwise of a larger gauge of iron and of larger diameter
than heretofore, and to construct them of rods of iron. Each end of the link
is formed with an eye, but one extremity of the rod (after the formation
of the seccud eye) is turned down to form a tine, which is fashioned into
a thin cutting edge, so as to present a very small resistance to the draft;
tino links thus constructed are so placed as to be equidistant and at as small
intervals as is consistent with their being kept clear from choking in their work.
I purpose to construct the whole or part of my improved harrows of malleable
cast iron.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Colborne Cambridge in the Great Seal Patent Offico
on the 21st October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE, of Bristol, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Colborne Cambridge, Her special license that I, the said William
Colborne Cambridge, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the samo is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The first part of this Invention relates to certain novel means of connecting
together the beam, cross bars, and tines of harrows. The liability of the teeth
of harrows to shake loose having been long a subject of inconvenience and
expense, I invented and secured by Letters Patent, dated Nineteenth October,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one (No. 2617), a plan for more effec-
tually securing these teeth, using for the beams double flanged or trough iron,
there being introduced into the trough longitudinal pieces of iron which were
welded to the upper part or head of the tine and formed cross heads, the parts
being secured together by a bolt and screw passing through them. I now
purpose to dispense with bolts, nuts, and screws, and to substitute in lieu
thereof a transverse bar of iron with notches or recesses cut therein, into which
fit moveable clamps or wedges, one clamp being so disposed on the one side of
the tine as to force the cross head of the tino tightly into the trough, while
another clamp serves to maintain the tine on the other side by bearing against
the reverse or plain side of the beam.
In the accompanying Drawing this improvement is shewn in several views.
Fig. 1 is a plan of a harrow constructed according to the first part of my
Invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same with the clamps removed to
shew the slotted head of the tine; Fig. 3 is an end elevation shewing the
clamp and tines fixed to the cross bar and beams; and Fig. 4 represents the
slotted cross bar detached; and Fig 5 shews in full size the time in partial
side view, its cross head fitting into the trough of the beam; and Fig. 6 shews
the tine in edge view as secured in its place.
A, A, is the cross bar slotted or notched on its edge to receive the forked
clamps or wedges B, B; C is the trough beam; D, the tine; D, the cross
head welded thereon.
Fig. 7 shews one of the clamps detached. The flanged or trough beams C

page_text: have slots formed in them at equal distances apart, to allow of the insertion of
the cross bars A, which extend across the harrow, and the tine heads are slotted
vertically or forked to admit of the insertion of the cross bars. When the
tines and beams are properly adjusted to the cross bars, the clamps are forced
into the notches of the cross bars in opposite directions, and one on either side
of each tine, and the several parts are thus securely held together.
The second part of this Invention relates to a novel construction of tined
chain harrow, by the use of which the effects of a tine harrow and a chain
harrow as ordinarily constructed are obtainable by one and the same imple-
ment. In order to impart a penetrating power to the improved chain harrow,
for which I obtained Letters Patent bearing date April Twenty-third, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, No. 1153, I substituto coupling tined
links for the links heretofore employed in connecting lengthwise the transverse
rows of chains forming chain barrows; the tines therefore of this barrow will
penetrate similarly to those of the ordinary tined harrow and relieve them-
selves of all rubbish, and yield to the inequalities of the land like the ordinary
vertical links of a chain harrow, leaving at the same time a more clean and
fine tilth.
Fig. 8 shews in partial plan view, and Fig. 9 in side view, a chain harrow,
constructed according to this part of the Invention. In these views a, a, are
the coupling tine links formed of bar iron, with an eye at either end and with
a tine projecting downwards from one of the eyes at a slight inclination from a
vertical line, thus forming an obtuse angle with the line of draught. I would,
however, remark that I do not confine myself to any particular angle, whether
obtuse or otherwise, but propose to set the tines at such an angle as will permit
of their conveniently relieving themselves of an accumulation of rubbish.
These links form the connections between the transverse rows of links, thereby
replacing the ordinary connecting links, and they may with convenience be
made of malleable cast iron.
In the Patent of Twenty-third April, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
seven, flexible bars are described, which enable me to change the course of
the longitudinal links in chain harrows, so as to make them work at four inches
equidistance. I now purpose to employ such bars so arranged as to enable the
tines to cut in lines two inches apart. I also propose to employ with the
present Invention the improvement patented by me on the Nineteenth March,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, for dividing the chain harrow into
two or more parts by means of hooks with transverse rings, but in doing so I
substitute one of the eyes of the coupling tine link for the hook heretofore used.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of improvements in

page_text: the construction of harrows, and explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim,―
First, connecting together the various parts of tine bar harrows in the
manner above described.
And, secondly, the improved construction of tined chain harrow, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twentieth day of October, in the
year of our Lord Ono thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
W. C. CAMBRIDGE. (L.S.)