IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF APPLYING THE FINISHING AND PRESERVING FLUIDS TO PLASTER-CASTS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1884

page_text: I FRIEDRICH VON DECHEND of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF APPLYING THE FINISHING AND PRESERVING
FLUIDS TO PLASTER-CASTS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR to be as follows:-
Hitherto plaster-casts, as statues, groups, architectural and similar works are
hardened or prepared and finished or conserved by impregnating and washing them
with fluids of certain and different composition. For this purpose the casts are
immersed into a bath or baths of the proper fluids, or impregnated and washed
with them by applying the fluids by means of brushes or sponges. Both processes
give more or less defective and irregular work, and are tedious and expensive on
account of the necessity in some cases for large and unweildy tanks and other
arrangements especially for large casts, which in many cases cannot be treated at
all with these implements.
The new process avoiding all these inconveniences consists in the treatment of
the casts with the proper fluids in an atomized state by means of an atomizer.
This atomizer may be of the common construction and of a capacity in accordance
with the size and extent of the cast. But I recommend the use of an atomizer
constructed in a peculiar way as described hereafter, because with the aid of this
apparatus the operator is enabled to produce better work and in a shorter time
than he can do with an atomizer of the ordinary construction. The main features
of this improved atomizer are regulating devices, which enable the operator to
throw at will a finer or coarser spray upon the cast, or to stop the stream of the air
or of the fluid, or of both.
It consists of two parts.
First, attached to the vessel containing the fluid, is a crosspipe, which contains in
its turn the pipe for the fluid; and second, the nozzle. By means of an air pump
air is forced into the vessel above the fluid, whereby the fluid is forced into the
fluid-pipe and the air into the air-pipe. The above mentioned two pieces, the
cross-pipe-attachment and the nozzle are connected by two hoses or rubber-pipes,
of which one carrying the fluid lies inside of the other, which carries the air. The
nozzle, intended to be manipulated by the operator, possesses a hollow cone with a

page_text: central spouting-hole, and inside of this cone the conical end of the fluid-pipe,
similar to the nozzles of the common atomizers. But there is provided a device for
regulating the air-current, consisting of a valve, which may be more or less opened,
or entirely shut, by turning a ring arranged on one end of the nozzle; and a device
for regulating the stream of the fluid, consisting of a conical cock, which may be
more or less opened, or entirely shut by turning a ring on the front-end of the
nozzle. By combining the regulating effects of these two devices the quantity as
well as the fineness of the spray thrown upon the casts can be regulated at any
time, or the flow of the fluid, or of the air, or of both stopped entirely. The
air-regulating device may be arranged at the cross-pipe-attachment instead of at
the nozzle.
The outside of the nozzle may be lined with hard-rubber or any suitable
non-conducting material in case hot fluids are used.

page_text: I FRIEDRICH VON DECHEND of the City of Berlin, Prussia, German Empire do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS
OF APPLYING THE FINISHING AND PRESERVING FLUIDS TO PLASTER CASTS AND
IN APPARATUS THEREFOR and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement;
reference is made to the accompanying Drawings which form part of the
Specification, and in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
The object of the Invention is first a new process to apply the hardening and
conserving fluids in an improved manner to plaster-casts and second an apparatus
by the use of which this process is carried out in a convenient and superior way.
Hitherto plaster-casts, as statutes, groups, architectural and similar works are
hardened or prepared and finished or conserved by impregnating and washing them
with fluids of certain and different composition.
For this purpose the casts are immersed in a bath or baths of the proper fluids
or impregnated and washed with them by applying the fluids by means of brushes
or sponges.
Both processes give more or less defective and irregular work, and are tedius
and expensive on account of the necessity in some cases for large and unweildly
tanks and other arrangements necessary specially for large casts, which in many
cases cannot be treated at all with these implements and for other reasons.
The new process avoiding all these inconveniences consists in the treatment of
the casts with the proper fluids in the form of a more or less fine rain or spray by
means of a suitable atomizer. For small objects a common atomizer, the capacity
of which is in accordance with the size and extent of the articles under treatment
may be used in the usual way to transfer the fluids in atomized state to the casts.
For larger casts which cannot be removed from their place or only with difficulty
and with the aid of expensive arrangements the atomizers of the common
construction hitherto used, are not powerful and efficient enough to throw the
atomized fluids upon these objects in sufficient quantity and in suitable time.
Therefore it becomes necessary to use for this purpose an atomizer of a peculiar
construction, which allows the operator to throw at will a finer or coarser rain or
spray in any desirable direction upon the cast, or to stop the stream of the fluid
or that of the air or both, and control the quantity of the ejected fluid at any
moment, whereby the proposed work can be executed easily, cheaply and
efficiently.
Such atomizing apparatus may be constructed in different ways to answer, but
that described hereafter is recommended as being in every respect an efficient
atomizer and implement to carry out the new process.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1; is a vertical axial section of that part of the apparatus which is
attached to the reservoir for the fluid.
Figure 2; is a cross section and a view of one branch of this attachment.
Figures 3 and 4 show the nozzle respectively in an axial and a cross section.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 show a nozzle of a similar but simpler construction in an
axial and two cross sections.
The apparatus consists of two parts: the attachment A, which is screwed by the
union nut B to a nipple of the reservoir (not shown in the Drawing) which contains

page_text: the fluid, and which is hermetically closed. The attachment A, is composed of an
outer pipe c, the lower end of which communicates with the air space above the
fluid, whilst the top part thereof branches into the pipes c¹ and c². The latter
branch connects by a coupling a hose nipple cand a hose to an air pump,
which latter devices are not represented in the Drawing. To the branch c¹ a hose-
nipple c is attached by means of the coupling i, which serves also for actuating
the valve x in regard to its seat y, as shown in the Drawing. But this regulating
valve may be placed at the nozzle, as described afterwards. A flexible hose SCH
of suitable length is attached at one end to the nipple c and at the other to
a nipple cof the nozzle D. Inside of the upright pipe c and branch c' a narrower
pipe bb is provided. The upright portion b extends by means of a flexible hose
to the bottoin of the fluid reservoir whilst its top is closed by the disc S, secured in
the cross-shaped piece e of the outer pipe c the opening of which is closed by the
plug k.
The branch 61, screwed into a swell ƒ of the pipe b carries the above mentioned
valve seat y and has attached to its end and lying inside the hose SCH a rubber
pipe 8, c, h which connects with an inner pipe 6 of the nozzle D.
The nozzle D, the second part of the apparatus consists of an outer casing c
covered with hard rubber D¹ or any other non-conducting material and ending in
an inverted cone 4, which forms the seat for the cock n.
These two pieces are kept together and in close contact by the nut a screwing
upon the end of the shell c, and a spring ħ Figure 6 or by an axial screw bolt v of
the piece n running through the cone and furnished with nut and washer and
-interposed-spring-as-shown in Figure 3. Upon the end of the piece n is fastened
the hollow cone u with a central spout hole p. Inside the cock n is provided
a hollow stem ending in a cone shaped swell, which leaves only a narrow concentrical
space between itself and the inside of the cone u.
The stem possesses an axial hole o opening on the back part of the cock n
sideways through its conical portion at m where it communicates with the crooked
end opening m¹ of the central fluid pipe b. In the inverted cone is turned
a groove and holes r are drilled from it through the wall of the cone 7. Opposite
to the groove just mentioned are drilled also holes 8 through the wall of the conical
portion of the cock n.
The space between the shell and the pipe 6 is therefore always in com-
munication with the interior of the cock n and the spout opening p. The cock n
can be turned by means of the hand wheel w. By this turning motion the
openings m and m' can be brought opposite to each other, as shown in the Drawing,
or only partly so, or separated from each other entirely. By these means the
stream of the fluid, carried through the pipe 6' and ejected through the pipe o and
thence through the spout hole p can be regulated in regard to the quantity or shut
up entirely.
By means of the air pump air is forced not only into the reservoir above the
fluid, and the latter forced through the pipes b, b', 8oh, b³, o and ejected through
the spout hole p but it is forced also into and through the pipes c, c¹, c', S, C, H, c³,
the hollow space of the cock n and out through the spout hole p, nixing itself with
the fluid, which is transformed thereby to a more or less fine spray or rain.
By opening more or less the valvo device x, y, by means of the regulating
coupling the quantity of the compressed air, finally rushing out through the
spout-hole p is regulated or entirely shut off. In the latter case the fluid will be
discharged through the spout hole p in a full solid jet. By turning the cock n
by means of the hand wheel w the quantity of the ejected fluid is regulated or
shut off entirely. By combining the effects of these two regulating devices the
operator is enabled to throw a finer or coarser spray or rain upon the casts, or to
wash them with a solid jet or to interrupt the supply of the air or of the fluid.
As the arrangement of the regulating device x, y, at the branch pipe c¹ b' (being
sometimes far off from the nozzle D) may be inconvenient, this device can be

page_text: arranged at the nozzle D itself. This construction is represented in Figure 3.
The valve x forming a part of the hose nipple c³ is adjusted to its seat y provided
upon the fluid pipe 6 by means of the handwheels, and the ring arrangement &²,
23, 3, as is easily understood from the Drawing. The wheel as well as the
wheel ware provided with rims of hard rubber or of any other material non conductive
of heat. Also the nozzle D is covered with the same material D¹ which is fastened
to the nozzle D by the screws d to protect the hands of the operator against
burning in case hot fluids are used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
:
First The process of applying the preparing or hardening and the conserving
or finishing fluids to plaster casts in an atomized state as spray or rain.
Second: As a superior and preferable atomizer to be used in the execution of
this process for larger and more extensive casts the apparatus substantially as
described in the Specification and shown in the accompanying Drawing,
Dated this 30th day of Anonst 1001