CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, SLUBBING, ROVING, AND SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, RICHARD
SMITH and RICHARD HACKING, both of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirteenth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and
forty, in the thirdyear of Her reign, did, for Herseif, [ler heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Richard Smith and Richard Hacking, Her
special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
Richard Smith and Richard Hacking, our executors, administrators, and
assigns; and such others as we, the said Richard Smith and Richard Hacking,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should agree with and no other,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England
and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, SLUBBING, ROVING, AND
SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Richard Smith and
Richard Hacking, shall cause a particular description of the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we the said
Richard Smith and Richard Hacking, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed,
and the following description thereof (that is to say):-
Our Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Drawing, Slubbing,
Roving, and Spinning Cotton, Wool, Flax, Silk, and other Fibrous Substances,
consist,―
Firstly, in the novel application of certain parts or pieces of mechanism
to such machines employed in the preparation and spinning of cotton and
other fibrous substances known as drawing, slubbing, and roving frames or
machines, and also to those spinning machines called throstles.' The
particular object of our improvements is to change the speed of the drawing
rollers to a greater or less number of revolutions per minute, so that more
or less twist may be given to the yarn during the operation of drawing, slub-
bing, roving, or spinning, and thus its fineness ("or number," as it is termed
by spinners) varied without making any change or alteration in the toothed
gearing. This is effected by means of simply passing a strap or belt around
cone pulleys in connection with the roller gearing; and it will be well under-
stood that, by shifting the strap or belt along the conical peripheries of the
pullys, that the speed of their driving power may be readily altered, and
thus vary the draft instead of having to remove the change wheels and
replace others in connection with the ordinary toothed roller gearing.
66
Secondly, our improvements consist in causing the same variable driving
apparatus to act (by means of suitable intermediate gearing) upon the
ordinary copping" rail or apparatus in such machines, in order that the
rise and fall of the " copper may be simultaneously adjusted in speed to
accommodate the change in the draft and twist; but as this will be so evident
to the practical spinner it needs no further explanation.
33
Thirdly, our improvements consist in the application of a novel contrivance
to such machinery for the purpose of converting an ordinary continuous
circular motion, as, for instance, a common toothed wheel and pinion, into a
reciprocating rotary motion, or mangle wheel and pinion, as occasion may
require, in the "copping" motion of such machines so that it will be seen
that the continuous circular motion may be retained any required time, and
thus the lift of the " copper "be continued for any space, according to the
length of the bobbin, and then the same motion may be instantly changed
into the reciprocating or that of the mangle wheel and pinion, and thus the
return or lowering of the " copper may be effected at any required period.
""

page_text: But in order that these improvements may be more readily explanted and
perfectly understood, we have annexed to these Presents a Sheet of Drawings,
representing our improvements attached to an ordinary spinning machine
or "throstle," which has been done merely by way of illustration, as it will
be readily observed, as it is precisely similar in its application and effect
to the preparing machines used in the process of drawing, slubbing, and
roving. And we would here remark, that, by way of distinction, we have
represented the ordinary parts of the throstle in outline, and our improved
mechanism only as shaded with colour, and marked the same with Figures
and letters of reference, placing similar letters upon corresponding parts in
all the Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a plan or horizontal view of a throstle, as seen from above. Fig. 2
is an end elevation, taken at the line A, B, in Fig. 1, or having the end
frame removed to shew the new parts more clearly. Fig. 3 is a vertical
section, taken transversely at the line C, D, in Fig. 1; and 4 is a vertical
The framing of
section, taken longitudinally at the line E, F, in Fig. 1.
the machine is shewn at a, a, a, a, supporting the rollers b,b,and spindles c,c,
and all the ordinary parts of the machine. The main driving shaft d, d,
carries a pully e, around which a strap passes, and also around another pully.f
mounted upon the shaft g. A cone pully h, from which a strap or belt
proceeds to another cone pulley i, gives rotary motion to the said pully.
Upon the shaft of the pully i there is a pinion K, taking into a wheel l,
of twice its diameter, mounted upon the shaft of another cone pulley m, för
the purpose of reducing the speed of the main driving shaft to the required
speed of the drawing rollers, with which those cone pullys are in connection.
The cone pully m is mounted upon a shaft n, which is supported at one
end by the carrier o, and at the other by the end framing a, upon which
end of the shaft is keyed a pinion p, gearing in the ordinary front roller
gearing p*. A strap or belt 2 proceeds from the cone pully m to another
cone pully 9, running loosely also upon the shaft g. Upon this shaft is also
keyed a pinion r, gearing with the wheels, mounted upon the shaft t, upon
the end of which there is a pinion u, gearing into the wheel v, the stud o
which carries a pinion w, driving a pair of wheels x, x, gearing with the
ordinary back roller gearing. The two cone pulley straps 1 and 2 run
between the forked strap guides y, y, fixed to the slides and slide rods z, z,
which slide upon the parallel guide rods 3, 3. Thus, it will be seen that
the only action requisite to alter the speed of the roller gearing, and the front
and back rollers, is to slide the rod z either way, and pass the. straps 1 and 2
of

page_text: either upon the larger or smaller diameters of the cone pulleys, and con-
sequently alter the speed of their rotation, and with them that of the roller
gearing. Now it will also be seen that the same motion of the series of
cone pullies and roller gearing acts at the same time and in a similar manner
upon the copping apparatus, in order to vary the speed and action of such
mechanism simultaneously with that of the drawing rollers, by means of the
copping apparatus being actuated by a worm 4, keyed upon the shaft of one
of the wheels p*, driving the front roller gearing. The third feature of our
improvements is seen at Fig. 5, which is a side view of the wheel for regu-
lating the lift or length of the cop, and which is shewn in its relative position
in Fig. 2 and 4 at 5, and Fig. 6 is an edge view of the same. a, a, is an
ordinary ring of teeth or pins to be worked by the pinion 6 at the bottom
of the diagonal shaft 7, so that it will be seen that as long as the copping
rail is required to be lifted, the wheel continues its ordinary rotary motion;
but as soon as the lift is completed, any stop or lever in connection with
the machine may be caused to strike against the part 6 of this wheel, and
cause it to swivel upon a centre pin a fourth of a revolution, and thus leave
a passage in the ring of pins or teeth for the pinion to travel round from
the back to the front of the wheel a, a, and thus to change the ordinary
circular motion into a mangle wheel, and impart a returning or reciprocating
action at the wheel a, a, and effect the low ring of the copping rail. The
part b is shewn turned round in the edge view, and the passage for the
pinion open, as in an ordinary mangle motion. The swivel part b is held
firmly in its proper position by means of the tail spring 7 acting upon a
square formed at the end of its centre pin.
Having now described our improvements in machinery or apparatus for
drawing, slubbing, roving, and spinning cotton, and other fibrous substances,
we desire it to be particularly understood, that we claim as our Invention
the peculiar method of changing the speed of the drawing rollers and the
copping motion, in the manner and for the purpose herein particularly set
forth and shewn in the Drawings annexed, and also the peculiar construction
of toothed wheel with a portion of the rim of teeth moveable upon a centre
pin, in order that it may be employed for a continuous circular motion, or
a mangle wheel motion, as found desirable in such machinery.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard Smith and Richard Hacking,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty.
RICHARD (L.S.) SMITH. RICHARD (L.S.) HACKING,

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Eleventh day of
September, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Richard Smith and
Richard Hacking came before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and
provided.
Inrolled the Twelfth day of September, in the year above written.