IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING YARNS FOR AND IN WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
CROSSLEY, of Halifax, Carpet, Manufacturer, GEORGE COLLIER, of the same
Place, Mechanist, and JAMES HUDSON, of Littleborough, Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of
September (One thousand eight hundred and fifty), in the fourteenth year of
Her, reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,.
the said Joseph Crossley, George Collier, and James Hudson, our exors,
admors, and assigns; Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and autho-
rity that we, the said Joseph Crossley; George Collier, and James Hudson,
ours exors, admiors, and assigus, or such others as we, the said Joseph Crosley,
George Collier, and James Hudson, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed; our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING YARNS FOR AND IN
WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso, that we, the said Joseph Crossley, George Collier, and James,
Hudson, or.one of us, should cause a particular description of the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an

page_text: instrument under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of some
or one of us, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Joseph Crossley, George Collier, and James Hudson, do hereby declare that
the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say::—
Our Invention consists, first, of improvements in the machinery and appa.
ratus used for printing yarns.
And, secondly, our Invention consists of improvements in the machinery and
apparatus used in weaving carpets and other fabrics where wires are used.
And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried in effect, we will proceed to; describe the means: pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A..
These Drawings show several views of machinery and apparatus used for
printing yarns, and as the nature of each of the views is written on the
Drawings, it will not be necessary to repeat the same here. It should; how-
ever, be stated that the same letters and figures of reference are used in the
several views shewn by these Drawings to indicate the same parts of the
machinery and apparatus. The object to be accomplished by this machinery....
and apparatus is to print yarns with the several colors at intervals, and at such
distances apart as the particular pattern may require, and so-as-to produce like.
effects to those described in the Specification of Richard Whytock's Patent,
bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of September, One thousand:
eight hundred and thirty-two. In printing yarns, it is important that each
and all should be retained at the same degree of tension on the surface where:
the printing process is performed, and part of our Invention consists of::
improvements in the means of winding on several yarns to the surface of:a.
drum that they shall all be at the same tension: And heretofore; in winding
on of yarn to cylinders for printing; if any of the yarns break the person."
attending has to stop the machinery, and it often happens that the drum.or
cylinder runs a considerable distance with the other yarns, which is objection:
able, and part of our improvements consist of applying apparatus and means,
for stopping the drum or cylinder when a yarn breaks; anditis important thato

page_text: so soon as the proper quantity of yarn is wound on to the surface of a drum
or cylinder that the cylinder or drum should be stopped, and this without, as
.heretofore, depending on the attention of the person who may be set to look
after the machine; and part of our improvements have for their object to stop
the cylinder or drum so soon as the proper quantity of yarn has been wound
on, and the stopping apparatus is so arranged as to give notice to the person
attending that the machine is stopped.
Other of our improvements apply to the means of moving the color box
when in the machine; and other of our improvements apply to the color
box and apparatus in connection therewith.
The Drawings show the machine in the act of haying yarns wound thereon.
a, a, is the framing of the machine, the nature of which will readily be traced
in the several views thereof; bis the drum or cylinder on to which the yarns
are wound; this drum or cylinder has two portions of it at 61, which are hinged
so as to move inwards to allow of the oil cloth (which covers the periphery of
thedrum or cylinder and on to which the yarns are wound) to be moved together
with the printed yarns thereon, and the two parts are retained in their
expanded state by the screws 62 and the sliding portions of the spokes or arms
b, such sliding parts being moved by means of pinions 64. When the oil
cloth is to be removed, one side of the framing at a' folds down on the hinges
at a², the end of the axle or shaft 65 being raised out of the brass in order to
allow of this portion of the framing to fold down on its hinges, such raising of
this end of the axle or shaft being effected by means of handle and screw
nut at the other end of the axle or shaft. 6. The folding portion of the
frame a¹ is retained in its position when up by means of the spring catches a³,
all which will readily be understood by examining the Drawings, and the same
forms no part of the present Invention. At one side of the cylinder or drum b
is the ratchet c, as heretofore, each tooth of such ratchet representing a space
of the surface of the drum or cylinder b, which is to receive color at one time,
and on the surface of the ratchet there are figures engraved, and the
pattern papers used when printing yarns have corresponding figures thereon,
as is fully described in the Specification of the said Richard Whytock.
Motion is given to the cylinder or drum when winding on yarn by means
of the band d, which receives motion from a steam engine or other power;
this band drives the fixed drum on the axis e, on which is fixed the bevelled
toothed wheel el,which takes into and drives the beyelled toothed wheele², fixed
on the axis e³, on which is fixed the cog wheel which takes into and drives
the internal cog wheel e³ fixed within the cylinder or drum b. The Drawings

page_text: show eight yarns as being wound on to the dram or cylinder b at the same
time from eight bobbins ff. The bobbins f, f, are fixed on metal spindles or
axes, which turn in bearings, as shown by detached views, full size; and in order
to give friction to the unwinding of the yarns from the bobbins the levers f
are used; which press on the surfaces of the yarns. The yarns in passing from
the bobbins each passes under a lever of the stopping apparatus, hereafter
explained, thence under a roller f, then through the curled wire guide f³,
then over the roller, which rests on and is driven by the roller 5, under
which the yarn passes to the cylinder or drum b, the roller f being driven by
the drum or cylinder b, and it will be found that by these means the yarns
will be delivered to and wound on to the cylinder or drum with a con-
siderable degree of uniformity. The frame which carries the rollers f, f,
is pressed towards the drum or cylinder b by means of weighted levers g, as
shewn, and the yarns are moved across the surface of the cylinder or
drum b, so that each succeeding coil of a yarn may be laid correctly against
the preceding coil of that yarn by means of the frame which carries the
top rollers and the wire guides, such frame being moved by means
of a screw, which passes through the screw nut in the centre of the pulley h¹,
which receives motion by a gut band from the pulley h, and thus, as is well
understood are the successive coils of the yarns wound side by side on the drum
or cylinder b. The stopping of the apparatus, when one of the yarns being fed
on to the drum breaks, is effected in the following manner :-1 is a sliding
bar, which carries a fork 2, by which the driving strap may be shifted from the
fixed to the loose pulley on the axis e. This sliding bar is supported and guided
in parts affixed to the framing, as shewn, and at one end it carries a pin 3,which
passes into a slot formed in the arm 4 affixed to the shaft 5,upon which is fixed
another arm 6, which by means of a link 7 is connected to the weighted
lever 8, which is also connected by means of the link 9 to the lever 10, to
which is affixed the friction band 11, capable of acting as a break on the
drum 12 affixed to the axle e³. Whilst the lever 8 is retained in the position
shown, the drum b will continue to revolve; but if the lever 8 be allowed to
fall, it will act upon the fork 2 to remove the strap on to the loose pulley and
upon the friction break 11 to stop the drum. The lever S is sustained for the
time being by the end of the arm 13 affixed to the axis 14, to which is affixed
the bar 15, which is retained in the position shown by means of the weighted
cord 16. 17 is another bar, similar to the bar 15, and supported on arms from
the bar 18, which turns upon the axis 14 as upon a hinge joint; 19 is an arm
from this bar 18, which by means of a link 20 is connected to the crank pin 21

page_text: from the axis 22, upon which is fixed a pulley 23, which by means of a
band 24 receives motion from a pulley 25 on the shaft e; thus, whilst the
apparatus is in motion the bar 17 will be caused to have a quick to-and-fro
motion in relation to the bar 15, but in the event of any one of the yarns
breaking in its passage from the bobbins to the drum b, such yarn will cease to
support its lever 26, to each of which is affixed a hanging rod 27, and such rod
at the next receding of the bar 17 will fall with its lower end between the two
bars 15 and 17, by which the bar 15 will be forced outwards, and at the same
time the upper end of the arm 13 affixed to the axis of the bar 15 will be
withdrawn from its support of the lever S, and the stopping of the apparatus
will be effected. 28 is a toothed wheel, which is driven by means of the worm
wheel 29 upon the axis 30, which receives motion by means of a chain from the
axisb as shewn, in order to indicate the length of yarn wound on to the drumb;
andwe arrange the working of this wheel 2S so that it may complete its revolution
when the quantity of yarurequired has been wound on to the drum b, and when
that revolution (or partial revolution has been-effected to stop the apparatus,
there being another hanging rod 3.1 suspended from an arm 32 so as to be in
position (if allowed to fall) to come between the bars 15 and 17, and act as
described with respect to the hanging rods 27. The arm 32 is affixed to the
axis 33, upon which is affixed a finger 34, the end of which rests against the
face of the wheel 28 until that wheel has finished its revolution, when the end
of the finger 34 falls into the recess 35 formed in that wheel, and the stopping
of the apparatus is effected as described. 36 is a bell, carried by the lever S,
which rings when that lever is acted upon, in order to call the attention of the
person attending the apparatus. The yarns having been wound on the drum or
cylinder bare in a condition to be printed, the means of doing which may be
the same as heretofore, but we prefer to accomplish this process by the means
shewn in these Drawings, and which we will now proceed to describe. The
colors are printed on to the yarns by means of rollers revolving in color
troughs, in like manner to what has now been long practised in printing yarns
according to the Invention of the said Richard Whytock; but in the arrange-
ments shown by the Drawings there are several improvements in the color
rollers and apparatus connected therewith. Heretofore the color rollers have
.been usually of wood; in some cases, however, the peripheries thereof have been
grooved, and the same filled up by winding of yarn of wool; but in the color
rollers shewn the peripheries of the color rollers are covered with felt or felted
fabric, and the edges thereof are protected with sides of metal, for which pur-
pose we use metal chiefly composed of block tin, which will not be prejudically
acted on by the color.., is the color roller; it is the felt or felted fabric; arethe

page_text: guards of metal. By the use of color rollers thus formed, the color is less liable
than heretofore when printing yarns to be pressed on in excess by the color
rollers at the edges of the lines of color thus laid on across the yarns. 13 aré
the color troughs, having doctors or scrapers it which are constantly pressed
into position by means of springs, acting on the arms "fixed on the axes of
the doctors. In order to ensure the color rollers moving correctly, and to pre-
vent them being inclined towards one side or the other, the axes of the color
rollers when in their carriage are received in bearings j', which are fixed on
the frame, which moves on necks on axes j3 by which means a color roller
'can only move up and down correctly, because the two ends of the axis can
only rise and fall alike, and not as heretofore, when one end of the axis could
rise or fall more than the other end thereof. In order to regulate the elastic
pressure to which a color roller shall be subjected, the ends of the frame"
move up and down on rods, there being springs above and other springs j
below the frame. According as these springs 4, j, are pressed on by their
respective screw nuts, so will be the elastic pressure to which the color roller
'is subjected when at work; and further, the springs serve to prevent such
color roller suddenly springing up when relieved from the pressure of the drum
b; orin place of the springs, fixed stops, carried by the color carriage,' instead
of such stops (as heretofore) being affixed to the framing of the machine, may
be used, an object of this part of our Invention being to dispense with the use
of the fixed bars or plates heretofore used for this purpose, and for giving
motion to the color rollers. Motion is communicated to each of the color
rollers by means of a pulley on the axis turning in bearings on the carriage
j, as shown, there being a hollow square coupling, which slides on the axis
js, and receives the square end of the axis of the color roller. The pulley.j
receives motion by the gut or band, which passes round the pulley, and is
fixed at its ends to the standards", hence when the carriagej moves to and fro
the color roller is caused to rotate. The wheels of the carriage j move on and
are guided by the fixed rails, and the color trough is received into the
carriage and rests on the transverse bearers, as shown. Heretofore, when
the color has been printed on to yarns by color rollers, it has been necessary for
persons attending the machine to equalize and to scrape off the excess of color.
To reduce this process of hand-scraping and equalizing of the color, we employ
apparatus for spreading the color immediately it has been laid on, and this we
perform either by rollers covered with felt, or also by means of scrapers or
spreaders changing the rollers when different colors are introduced into the
machine, or wiping the scrapers or spreaders when different colors are intro-
duced. is a carriage which runs on wheels 1, such wheels resting on the

page_text: yarns
surface or bars 1, such surface 12 being capable of being raised or lowered, so
that when down the carriage will not bring the spreading apparatus into.
action, this being desirable, as the spreading apparatus is not to come into action
excepting in cases where the same color is several times repeated, otherwise
, one color would be liable to be pressed. or spread into another. The bar 12
rests on levers 13, and they are raised in the following.manner:--are chains
and are small pulleys on the axis 2, to which the upper ends of the chains
upon the axis l is fixed a lever./7; when this lever is pressed down and held,
by the spring catches, the bar will be raised, and the spreading apparatus
will be brought into action, and this raising into position for action should take
place after printing the first.line of a series of the same color across the
on the cylinder or drum b, and then.the spreading apparatus will be used after
the succeeding impressions of the same color, but will be put out of action
before applying another color. "are rollers carried by the upright bars 11,
which slide in the hollow sockets 10, which are capable of being fixed higher
up or lower down within the brackets 12 by the set screws, as shown, and the
degree of elastic pressure to which the rollers shall be subjected when at
work is regulated by the springs 13 and the screw-nuts 714, as shown, all which
will readily be understood by examining the Drawings: In place of these
rollers, scrapers may be used, such as are shown at m; they are placed on the
uprights in place of the rollers, and they move on axes ml, and they are acted
on. by springs me, so that they will incline in either direction, according as the
carriage is moving in one direction or the other, and they willby their passage
across scrape and spread the color after it has been laid on by the color roller.
When the machine above described is at work for printing, the carriage of
the color trough moves across the machine at each step of movement of the
cylinder or drum 6 (unless the means of giving, motion to the carriage be
stopped for the time being), by which means a line of color will be printed
across the yarns after each. step. of movement of the drum or cylinder 5,
and the successive steps of movement of the cylinder or drum b is caused
by the driver successively taking into and driving the ratchet. teeth of
the cylinder or drun b, and such driving is performed by the following.
meaus-is an axis which receives motion by means of a strap or band from
a steam engine, which gives motion to the drum or pulley n' fixed on the axis
n, and on this axis is a drum, which is covered with leather, and it, by
contact.gives motion to the drum n³ on the axis n.. The drum n³ has two
portions ofsits. surface which are capable of being removed, and this is done
with a view to stop these parts of the machine when it is desired to move the
cylinder or drum ↳ without moving the color apparatus, which is also driven

page_text: from the crank on the axis n'. The driver is carried by the arm no fixed on-
the axis, such axis receiving motion from the axis n by means of the cam
acting on the lever n", which, by means of the connecting rod at its other
end, gives motion to the arm 10 fixed on the axis n', as shown; hence, for
every half revolution of the axis the drum or cylinder b will receive a step
of movement equal to one tooth of the ratchet wheel thereon, and the carriage
with a color trough will proceed across the machine immediately afterwards,
by reason of the crank 1 on the axis n giving motion to the connecting rod
, which gives motion to the half cog wheel 13, which in its turn gives motion
to the cog wheel 14 fixed on the axis of the chain wheel 15, which gives
motion to the chain, which at its ends is attached to the ends of the carriage,
as shown, and the chain is carried on the other side of the machine by another
wheel, so that for each half revolution of the axis the carriage with the color
roller will pass across the machine and print a line of color on the yarn wound
on the surface thereof. ois a spring catch or stop, which entering into the teeth'
of tlie ratchet wheel holds the cylinder or drumb correctly. In order to put the
driving motion to the cylinder or drum, and to the printing apparatus out of
motion, there are a series of holes through the ratchet wheel, one to each tooth
into one of which holes a pin p is placed, so that when by the movement of the
cylinder or drumb the machine is to be stopped, this pin comes in contact with a
catchp which retains the sliding rod p2 from being moved by its springp3, but so
soon as the pin p comes in contact with the catch p', and moves it away from
the notch in the rod 22, the spring acts and draws back the rod, and at the
same time it moves the two moveable parts of the drum a³, which are on
separate spokes or arms, to those which carry the other parts of the periphery
of that drum, and at the same time the stop 7 is moved into position so as to
interceptandstop the further revolution of the spokes of such moveable parts
of the drum n", and thus are these parts stopped, and the person attending the
machine may then set the cylinder or drum b, by turning it round, for another
succession of impressions, either of the same or another color, as the case may
be; and he will place the pin p through another hole in the ratchet wheel, so
that when the required number of impressions of the color next to be printed
have been produced on the yarn, the machine will be stopped, and thus will
the person attending the machine be greatly relieved, as the machine will be
driven by power, and he will only have to set it correctly from time to time ac-
cording to the pattern. We would remark that we are aware that a drum with
portions out for stopping the color apparatus at each half rotation of the drum
has before been used in such descriptions of machines, but in such cases the
drum has required to be started by hand after each passing of the color carriage

page_text: under the drum b, but it is new in such descriptions of machines to use filling
pieces; so that the drum can for a time act as a complete drum, as above
described. It may be stated, that when yarn is being wound on to the cylinder
or drum b, the driver and the catch or stop (which are used when printing)are
removed out of action. Another mode of regulating the tension and regularity
of the winding on of the yarns to the cylinder or drum bis shewn by Drawing B.
In this case the yarn from the bobbins / passes up over the small roller o,
partly around the rollers p and g, then under the levers 26 of the stop appa-
ratus, such as before described, under the roller r, up to the eyes s, carried by
the travelling bar s¹, by which the yarn is guided correctly on to the drum b.
Tension is obtained to the yarn in this case by means of the weighted cord,
which passes partly around the drum or roller q, which is covered with sand or
other suitable grit to prevent the slipping of the yarn.
We will now proceed to describe the second part of our Invention, which
has for its object improvements in weaving carpets and other fabrics, and they
consist of a new combination of parts hereafter explained, principally applicable
when weaving terry weavings by power, by the introduction and withdrawal of
wires. The machinery is so arranged that the wires are introduced by suitable
apparatus at one selvage, each wire in its progress through the shed being sup-
ported and controlled by the means hereafter explained, the wire as it moves
into the shed being brushed with oil by a rotatory brush to facilitate the process
of drawing out. In order to insure good work, the reed is caused to beat up
twice, or, if desired, it may be made to beat up more times after each pick of
the weft, the weft being drawn tight by levers acting to take up the slack as
the reed beats up. The wires are withdrawn from the fabric by means of
hooks or spring catches, which move to and from the selvage of the fabric, so
that when one hook or spring catch is withdrawing a wire the other hook is
returning to be in position to take the next wire, the wires, as they are drawn
out, being successively received from the hooks or catches by the apparatus,
which returns the wires into the succeeding sheds of the warp, there being
at all times several wires in the fabric.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS C.
The nature of each of the views shown by these Drawings being written
thereon it will not be necessary to repeat the same here, neither will it be
necessary to describe the ordinary well-known parts of a power loom which are
shown, and it will only be desirable to state in respect thereto that the same are
shown for weaving brussels carpet, and a machinic will at once understand the

page_text: will be seen that the machine is arranged for opening a double shed, one for the
weft and the other for the wire, so that they may go through at the same time, as
was described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Mr. John Hill, and to
which we make no claim. We propose for the most part to confine our descrip-
tion of the working parts to so much thereof as go to perform the operations
according to our improvements, and we shall only mention the ordinary move-
ments of the loom where it becomes necessary to the understanding of the
action of some of our improvements; and we believe the most convenient
mode to be followed in describing the working of a loom, when fitted up to
work according to our Invention, will be to assume that the loom has been at
work, and then to trace the means of withdrawing the wires and the apparatus
employed therein, then to show how the wires so drawn out are received by
other apparatus and returned into the fabric as it is progressively made, and
then to describe the means we prefer for obtaining two beats up of the reed
after each pick of weft. We prefer to use flat wires with heads, according to
an Invention for which Letters Patent have been granted to the said Joseph
Crosley, on the Twenty-eight day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-one, and each wire is formed at one end with an eye or loop, such as
is shewn in the Drawing. a,, are the two spring hooks or catches which take
hold of the wires in succession, the end of each wire in succession being slightly
bent outwards so as to facilitate the hook taking into the eye or loop, such
bending of the wire being performed by the instrument, the stem of which
coming against the wire, descends so that the projecting hook b' thereon passes
between two wires, and such hook being wedge-shaped it separates the end of
the outermost wire from the next to it, so that the hook a, which is to take it
is ensured doing so, and the hook a cannot take two wires at the same time.
The instrument is worked in the following manner:-The instrument b, the
nature of which is clearly shown, is fixed to the stem *, which slides up and
down in the eye formd in the end of the spring be; the stem bis attached by a
pin joint to the arm 63, which is fixed on the axis c, the armb³being constantly
drawn downwards when permitted by the spring 64, and the instrument bis
permitted to descend in order to separate a wire, and it is caused to ascend
again by means of the came, on which rests a truck at one end of the
lever c², the other end of the lever e² being connected by a link to the arm c³
fixed on the axis c. The instrument is moved in towards the wires
when it is at its highest position; it is then caused to descend by its
spring, the cam c¹ permitting it to do so, by which the wedged-forme !
hook passes between the ends of two wires and séparates them, so that
one of the hooks a may the more certainly take hold of the eye of

page_text: the outermost wire, the instrument bis then by its cam caused to ascend
and go out of the way. On the axis there is an arm of which moves freely
on the axis c, and it also has a spring c tending at all times to draw it down-
wards, but it is only allowed to do so when the arm 63 is caused to descend by
its cam, there being a slot in the arm 63 into which a pin on the arm c¹ enters,
hence, although the arm ct depends on the arm 63 for its movement, yet the
arm 63 can move separate from the arm ct. The arm c4 at its upper end is
connected by a pin joint to the bent plate c which moves on the fixed pin c³,
the bent plate having a boss or hollow axis to receive the pully d, by which
3.
the plate c5 and the pulley d can move together to and fro on the fixed pin c.
The eye through which the stem of the instrument b passes and through which
it rises up and down is at the top of the spring 62 which is fixed to the arm 63.
The hooks or spring catches a, which in succession remove the wires, are
carried by the frame e, which consists of two bars connected together at their
ends nearest the selvage of the fabric which is being woven by the plate e',
which is affixed to the inner end of the boss attached to the plate c³, and
through which the fixed pin co passes, and the plate e' is thereby supported,
and it can be moved a short distance in a direction towards the back of the
loom on such fixed pin ce, the plate el being pushed with the boss on the bent
plate, and the frame e is brought back to its position by the arm e as it
comes towards the front of the loom, the other ends of the bars e, e, being
attached to the front framing of the loom. One of the carriages of the hooks
or catches a, a, slides on one of the bars e, and the other of the carriages on
the other of the bars e, and these bars e are towards the middle of their length
formed so as to be further from each other for a portion of their length to allow
of the hook carriages passing each other. These carriages each consists of a
plate a, on which the lever catch a is attached by a screw which serves as an
axis, the hooked end of the catches being pressed towards the wires in the
fabric by a spring a², there being stops a³ to prevent the tail ends of the catches
moving too far; and in order to prevent the catches a springing away from the
wires when drawing the same out of the fabric there are sliding stopsat, which
come into position and retain the catches ain position, but such stops move out
of the way when the hooks a require to quit their hold of the eyes of the wires.
The carriages a' embrace and slide on the bars e, as before stated, and they are
caused to do so by means of chains a³, the carriages being coupled or con-
nected together by the strap a which passes partly round the pulley d, and
in order that the carriages may move somewhat stiffly on the bars e, there
are friction surfaces of leather applied to the springsa³, fixed to the carriages,
and which press against the bars e, e. The chains as are at one end affixed to

page_text: the wheel, their other ends being respectively fixed to the sliding stops a',
which are attached to the carriages by screws passing through slots in the
stems of those sliding stops, hence, so soon as the chains are moved to give
motion to their respective carriages they first move the sliding stops a', which
are thereby brought into position to retain the catches a in the eyes of the
wires, and such stops having been brought into.such position, the carriages are
moyed by the chains cach time they are near the selvage of the fabric, and the
chains in bringing the carriages a¹ back to the selvage of the fabric first move
the sliding stops away from the hooks or spring catches a and allow them to
move on their axes. The wheel freceives motion in the following manner:
it is fixed on the axis/', , on which is fixed the mangle wheel f², which is driven
by means of the pinion on the axis, by which means, altho' the axis g con-
tinues to revolve in the same direction, the axis f¹ will be turned first in one
direction and then in the other, by which means the carriages and their hooks
or catches a will be moved to and fro on their frames, or they may be moved
by other suitable means, such as by levers or otherwise, they simply requiring to
have a to-and-fro motion given to them, so that as one of them is drawing out
a wire the other may be moved to a position to take hold of and draw out the
next wire. The great object to be accomplished according to this part of our
Invention is, that the wire drawn out shall be immediately taken from the
books (which draws itout from the fabric) by an apparatus suitable for taking
hold of the same end of the wire, and whilst holding it to push it immediately
into the open shed. The axis y receives its motion from the cam shaft or
axis, on which is affixed the bevilled toothed wheel g¹, which takes into and
drives the bevilled toothed wheel g² fixed on the axis g. According to the
arrangement shown there are forty-two, wires used; this may, however, be
varied; and there are constantly forty-one of the wires in the fabric, and as one
is being withdrawn the one which for the time being is out of the fabric will
be inserted into a shed open for the purpose, and each of the wires as it enters
the shed will be brushed by a rotatory brush which carries a small quantity of
oil which is from time to time supplied to it, very little oil being required for
this
purpose. is the rotatory brush, which receives motion from the axis gin
the following manner :-h' is a grooved pulley fixed on the axis g;
this pulley
gives motion to an endless band h, which passes under the two guide pulleys
h, thence the band passes over two other guide pulleys h4, carried by the
batten of the loom, as shown; the band then passes partly around the pulley
on the axis of the brush 7, which axis is carried by a lever h³, the axis of which
is fixed to the batten of the loom and swings therewith; the other end of the
lever his connected by a rod or link to the lever 16, which is acted on by the
.

page_text: cam h, whichis fixed on the cam shaft or axis; and motion is communicated to
the cam shaft or axis by a cog wheel 8 on the axis, which causes the beating
up of the reed, such wheel 8 giving motion to the cog wheel ho, affixed to the
cam shaft on which the cam his affixed. By this arrangement the brush
h will have a rotatory motion and also a slight up-and-down motion, by
which it will constantly act on the wires as they are introduced in suc-
cession into the fabric. The wires as they are successively drawn out by
the hooks or catches a are caused to be received by the apparatus is which
consists of a plate i, having fixed thercon two grooved plates i, i¹, between
which and the plate i the enlarged eyes or ends of the wires can enter, there
being a space between the plates i so as to allow the hooks or catches a to
draw the ends or eyes of the wires between the plate i and the plates', so that
when drawn in the eye or end of the wire will rest on the lower of the two
plates ; and to prevent the end of the wire passing beyond the length of
the plates, there is a sliding bolt attached to the plate i by two screws,
the stenis of which move in slots formed one in the plate i and the other in the
bolt, and this bolt is also used for the purpose of forcing the end or eye of
the wire out from between the plate and the bent plates at the time
when the wire has been introduced in between a shed in the warp, and such
sliding bolt is constantly drawn back by means of a spring 3, hence, when
either of the hooks or catches a brings out a wire, its eye is caused thereby to
enter between the plate i and the grooved plates it, and the wire will be
stopped from going too far by the sliding bolt, when the hook or catch a will
leave the wire and go back to take hold and draw out another wire, the wire,
however, which has been thus brought into the apparatus i being retained by
means of a spring stop, against which the eye or enlarged end of the wire
comes and raises it so as to get into the space between the parts i, i¹, such
spring stop descending and holding the eye or enlarged end of the wire within
such space till it is forced out by the sliding of the bolt when the wire is
within the shed of the warp, and such sliding of the bolt is performed by means
of the lever, which turns on an axis fixed to the plate i. The upper end of
the lever is attached to the sliding bolt by a screw passing through a slot at
the upper end of the lever; the tail end of the lever in its movement to the
selvage of the fabric comes in contact with the stop i fixed in the batten, so
that by the further movement of the apparatus i the eye or enlarged end of
the wire will be forced out of the space between the plate and the bent
plates i, and the wire will be dropped into the shed into which it has been
passed, by the movement of the apparatus i, towards the selvage of the fabric,
which we now proceed to describe. The plate i is fixed to and carried by the

page_text: j
bar, which slides in sockets/', carried by the arms, fixed to the axis/3, and
the bar is caused to move towards and from the bars e, and consequently
to and from the catches or hooks a, when the batten (by which the axis j
is supported) is in the front, by means of the cam on the cam shaft,
which acts on the lever, by which the apparatus i will at once time be
moved a little forward into position to receive a wire from one of the hooks or
catches a, and at another time it will be allowed to fall back by its spring j7,
and be brought into position to pass the wire into an open shed in the
warp; for this latter purpose the bar jis slided in its sockets by means
of the lever k, which is constantly acted on by the weighted cord with
a tendency to draw it backwards; the upper end of the lever is attached
by a link to the bar j, and such lever is connected by a strap to the
lever, which is acted on by the cam 3 on the axis at the left-hand side
of the loom, the lever moving on its axis at its upper end; and in order
to support the wire near its end which is next the selvage of the fabric, we
apply the instrument, which consists of two spring jaws of narrow plates,
which spring together when permitted; one of them carries a projection
a short distance below its upper end, ou which projection the wire rests
when it is received between the two plates 1. The lower ends of these
plates are fixed to a rod 12, which is constantly drawn against a plate 3, fixed
to one of the arms which carries the sockets of the bar j, and the lower end of
this rod is attached to the lever 1, which is actuated by the cam 15, fixed on the
cam shaft. By this arrangement the the plates / descend out of the way of
the eye or loop of the wire as it leaves the instrument i, and also out of the
way of the weft, and they come up and are opened, so as to receive the end of
wire when the instrument i with the batten are in front of the loom, by
means of the finger 16 projecting from the lever 17, which turns closely ou the
axis. The other end of the lever 17 is formed with a slot, which receives a pin
from the arm, to allow of a slight play to the lever 1, when the parts are in
the front of the loom, at which time the upper end of the lever / will come
against the stop 18, and thus retain the instrument 7 in position correctly to
receive the end of the wire as it comes from the fabric. The upper inner ends
of the springs have pieces of leather or other elastic substance 1*, in order to
the plates/better holding the end of the wire. 19 is a plate carried by the bare,
which prevents the wires rising too high when being taken by the instrument?.
The bar at the end where the plate i is fixed thereto has a tendency to
approach the batten in consequence of its being slightly deflected out of a
straight line, and the plate i will come more in towards the batten as it moves
towards the selvage of the fabric, m being a guard carried by the batten,

page_text: against which the plate i rests. As it is moved towards the selvage of the
fabric the guard inclines somewhat from its outer end to the end near the
selvage of the fabric. The wire as it proceeds into the shed of the warp is
supported on the under side by three or more of the warp threads, which are
raised up in succession for that purpose, and simultaneously therewith three or
more wires or yarns descend on to the upper surface of the wire, by which the
point of the wire will be prevented descending to the lower part of the shed,
and likewise from ascending through the upper part of the shed. n, n, n, are
three wires or varns, which are affixed at one end to the fixed bar o, which is
carried by the brackets o¹, fixed to the framing of the machine; and these
brackets o¹ also carries one of the fixed and stationary guide platesp, by which
the two ends of the wires are guided correctly into the sheds, by which they
are prevented protruding too far on either side of the fabric. And it may be
stated that these plates are similar to and are used for a like
purpose to those
described by a Mr. John Hill in the Specification of a Patent granted to
him; but in his case these plates were fixed to and moved with the batten.
The other ends of the wires or yarns n, n, have weights attached thereto,
so as to keep them stretched. These wires or yarns are supported above the
warp by the bar n²; and they are worked by helds n³, which at their upper
ends are connected to the chains n, which pass over pulleys n³ at the
upper part of the loom; and there are other helds connected to these chains,
through the eyes of which some of the linen warps are passed, so that such
linen warps will be raised up into the open shed simultaneously with the
descending of their corresponding wires into the shed. We have found that
three such wires or yarns, together with a like number of warps, is sufficient
for weaving carpets of the ordinary width, but other number may be used, and
they are to be brought into action in succession. Thus, the wire nearest
the selvage where the end of the wire enters will descend first, whilst its
corresponding warp will rise at the same time, and this they do so soon as
the end of the wire has passed, by which means the end of the wire will
be prevented dropping or rising, and the next wire n will descend, and its
warp will ascend into the shed so soon as the end of the wire has passed
beyond them and so on; the warp threads so used being worked at other
times in forming the shed; and this succession of action of the wires and
their warps is obtained by means of separate cams n, n, n³, fixed on the
cam shaft, acting on levers or treadles no, no, n", to which the respective
helds are attached which work the wires and their respective warp threads.
And in order to cause the wire to be pressed toward the reed as it enters
into the shed, a moving finger q is employed, which is put in motion as the

page_text: reed comes forward in the following manner:-q' is an a axis, to which
the finger is affixed; at the back of the axis there is a spring q², which
presses against the axis, and offers friction to resist its turning when not
forced to move. 23 is a guide and stop to retain the finger from moving too
far in either direction; q' is an arm fixed on the axis q', which is by a cord q
attached to the fixed framing of the loom; hence, when the batten is
caused to beat up, the finger q will enter the shed and press the wire towards
the reed. y is a plate fixed to the batten to prevent the wire falling too far
back when being delivered from the carrier i.
We would remark, that in place of supporting the wire by means of raising
some of the warps, as above explained, stationary wires may be caused to
project from the back some distance through the reed at intervals, in which
case the dents on either side of the spaces through which such wires pass
should be made stronger by leaving them wider, and the terry wire asitenters
the shed would be received on to and rest on such projecting wires and be driven
off therefrom by the beating up of the reed; but we believe the best means of
operating is by the use of the warps raised in succession and at intervals, as
explained. 8, s, are arms or fingers from the axes s', one on each side of the
loom, capable of descending upon and thereby tightening the weft when the
shuttle is thrown across. These arms or fingers s have movement given to
them by means of the roller s on one of the swords, which roller moves with
the sword under the plate s", affixed to the levers, the cuter end of which is
connected by means of a link s to an arm from the axis s, upon which are
fixed arms with links s, which are connected to arms s, one on each of the
axes s¹. At the right-hand side of the loom there is another arm or finger ss,
carried by the arm or finger s, which acts to prevent the weft thread being
entangled with the wire. The beating up of the batten is caused by two cams
by their trucks or rollers,
by the connecting rods 23, to
or tappets 7, 7, which give motion to the levers
and motion is communicated from the levers
the batten, by which means two beats are caused to take place after each pick
of the weft, which is important in making various fabrics, more particularly
terry weavings. And although we prefer to employ tappets or cams for this
part of our Invention, we do not confine ourselves thereto, as other means of
obtaining two beats of the reed to each pick of weft when working power
looms may be employed; and we have shown at Drawing 1) a means of per-
forming this operation by the use of a crank shaft. t, t, are two links, one of
which is connected so as to turn upon the fixed pin t', whilst the other is con-
nected to the batten of the loom, and they are both connected, as shown, to
the link, which is connected at its other end to the crank u.

page_text: It will be seen, that when in the revolution of the crank shaft the crank
is at its lowest position, then the batten will be caused to recede from the front
of the loom, and as it comes towards its highest position the two links t, t, will
form a straight line, and a beat up will take place; but when the cranks are at
their highest position, then the batten will recede slightly, and then as the crank
goes round a little towards their lowest position the links will again come into
a straight line, and a second beat up will take place, and so on.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, we would remark that we make no claim to any
of the mechanical parts separately, nor do we confine ourselves to the details
herein set forth, so long as the peculiar character of any of our improvements
be retained; but what we claim is,-
First, the improvements, herein explained, in machinery for printing yarns..
And, secondly, we claim the improvements, herein explained, in machinery
for weaving carpets and other fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Crossley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of March,
in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Joseph Crossley came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord One