IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN TURKEY-RED DYEING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Graham, Manager of the Dalquhurn Turkey-
red Dye Works, and, John McLeod, of Renton, Engineer, both places
being in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain, for the Invention
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Graham and John
M'Leod, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th January 1863.
We, GEORGE GRAHAM, Manager of the Dalquhurn Turkey-red Dye Works,
and JOHN MCLEOD, of Renton, Engineer, both places being in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inveu-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN TURKEY-RED DYEING," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for object increased efficiency, uniformity, and economy in
that part of the processes of Turkey-red dyeing wherein the goods are subjected to
what is technically known as the " clearing" operation. This operation is effected
by boiling the goods in solutions of suitable chemicals well known in the trade,
and it is to the apparatus employed therein that the present improvements are
applicable.
A. modification of apparatus embodying the improvements comprises a

page_text: copper boiler, which, instead of being exposed directly to a fire, is fitted on the
bottom and lower parts of the sides with a casing which may be of iron, and
into which there is admitted steam of a sufficiently high temperature to cause
the ebullition of the liquid in the boiler, and to supply to that liquid the heat
necessary for the clearing process. The steam arising inside the boiler is not
allowed to blow off into the atmosphere, as in ordinary arrangements, but finds
its way by a pipe to a separate vessel constructed according to any suitable
known plan to act as a surface condenser, that is, for example, constructed so
that the steam may come in contact with metallic surfaces cooled by the
application of cold water to their opposite sides. The liquid arising from the
condensation of the steam in this separate vessel finds its way back to the
lower part of the boiler by a pipe provided for the purpose, and thereby is avoided
the waste due to blowing off in the ordinary arrangement. The condensing
vessel or a pipe in connection therewith is provided with a cock or with a self-
acting valve to permit the escape of air from the boiler and pipes. In com-
bination with the separate condensing vessel a direct-acting fire might be
employed to heat the boiler, but with such fire the same uniformity of
action could not be depended on as with the steam jacket or casing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Graham and John M°Leod in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
GRAHAM, Manager of the Dalquhurn Turkey-red Dye Works, and JOHN
MCLEOD, of Renton, Engineer, both places being in the County of Dumbarton,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign, did
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the, said George
Graham and John McLeod, Her special licence, that we, the said George
Graham and John McLeod, our, executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said. George Graham and John McLeod, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,, and Isle of Man, an Inven-

page_text: tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN TURKEY-RED DYEING," upon
the condition (amongst others,) that we, the said George Graham and John
McLeod, our exécutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Grahan and John McLeod,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
.
Our said Invention has for object increased efficiency, uniformity; and
economy in that part of the process of Turkey-red dyeing wherein the goods
are subjected to what is technically known as the "clearing" operation. This
operation is effected by boiling the goods in solutions of suitable chemicals
well known in the trade, and it is to the apparatus employed therein that our
present improvements are applicable.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing a modi-
fication of clearing boiler and apparatus with our said improvements applied
thereto.
Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 is a corresponding vertical section
and the same reference letters are used to mark the same parts in both
Figures.
The apparatus embodying our said improvements comprises a boiler A,
usually made of copper, and mounted in brickwork B, in the ordinary way,
excepting that in the modification now being described the ordinary furnace
and flue arrangements are dispersed with. Instead of the boiler A being
exposed directly to a fire it is fitted on the bottom and lower parts of the sides
with a casing or jacket C, which is represented as made of copper like the
boiler, but which may be of iron if preferred, and into the space enclosed
by this casing C there is admitted by a pipe D, steam generated in a separate
boiler of any convenient kind, such steam being of a sufficiently high tempera-
ture as without entering the interior of the boiler A, to cause the ebullition
of the liquid in the boiler A, and to supply to that liquid the heat necessary

page_text: for the clearing process. The boiler A is provided with the usual vomiting
funnel E, to promote the circulation of the contained liquid, and it is furnished
with a cover F, which, when the goods to be operated upon and the liquids
have been introduced, is fixed down by clamps G, which bear upon iron
rings on each side of the joint, whilst a ring of gasket packing is inserted
between the flanges to make the joint tight. The cover F is fitted with a
safety valve H, to provide against the steam pressure inside the boiler becoming
too great, but as long as the steam does not exceed the proper working
pressure, it is not allowed to blow off into the atmosphere, as in ordinary
arrangements, but finds its way by a pipe I, to a separate vessel J, which may be
constructed according to any suitable known plan, to act as a surface condenser ;
that is, for example, constructed so that the steam may come in contact
with metallic surfaces cooled by the application of water to their opposite
sides. In the present example the condenser J is a cylindrical vessel of thin
sheet copper set in a tank or cistern K of cast iron which is kept constantly
nearly full of cold water. The cold water surrounds and covers the condensing
.vessel J, and has access to the insides of a few tubes L, which cross the vessel J
from top to bottom. The cold water enters the cistern K at the bottom by
a pipe M, being forced in by pumps or otherwise, and it overflows from the
top of the cistern by a pipe N. The condensing vessel J is fitted with a safety
inlet valve P, to prevent the vessel from collapsing by external pressure, and
with a stop-cock Q, which is opened for the escape of air, at the commence-
ment of operations, and at other times when it may be necessary. The liquid
arising from the condensation of the steam or vapour in the condensing
vessel J finds its way from the bottom of this vessel by a pipe R, back to the
lower part of the boiler A, and the cistern K, with the condenser J, is by
-preference mounted at a slight elevation, as shown, or in any convenient way,
in order that there may be a sufficient column or head of liquid in the pipe R
to force its way into the boiler. To avoid the making of two passages across
the steam casing C, and into the bottom of the boiler A, the return pipe R is
connected to the pipe S, by which the liquid contents of the boiler are discharged.
Any water condensed in the steam casing C is drawn off by a pipe indicated
by dotted lines behind the main discharge pipe S. The pipe I, communicating
between the top F of the boiler and the condenser J, is in two parts united by
a screw coupling T, which is easily disconnected when it is necessary to open
the boiler. By arranging for the condensation of the steam or vapour by
apparatus such as is herein-before described we avoid much waste that is due
to blowing off in the ordinary arrangement, whilst the ebullition of the liquid
in the boiler may be maintained as actively as if the steam were allowed to

page_text: blow off. In combination with the separate condensing vessel a direct acting
fire might be employed to heat the boiler, but with such fire the same uniformity
of action could not be depended on as with the steam jacket or casing.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention and the manner
in which the same is or may be performed, we have to state that we do not
restrict ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated, and
that we do not claim to have invented every separate detail herein described
and delineated, but that what we believe to be novel and original, and claim
as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
1. The using of condensing apparatus in connection with turkey-red
clearing boilers to avoid blowing off, and to return the products of condensation
into the boiler substantially as herein-before described.
2. The arranging of turkey-red clearing apparatus so as to be heated by a
steam casing, and so that the steam or vapour is condensed and the products
of condensation returned to the boiler substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Graham and John McLeod,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three.
GEORGE GRAHAM. (L.S.)
JOHN MACLEOD.
(L.S.)
GEORGE GRAHAM. (L.S.)
JOHN MACLEOD.
(L.S.)