IM- PROVEMENTS IN GLASS GLOBES, CHIMNEYS, AND SHADES FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes and
Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN GLASS GLOBES, CHIMNEYS, AND SHADES FOR ILLUMINATING
PURPOSES, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME." A communication
from abroad by "The Meriden Flint Glass Company," of Meriden, County of
New Haven, and State of Connecticut, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1877.
EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents, 123,
Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS GLOBES, CHIMNEYS, AND
SHADES FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING. THE
SAME."
A communication from abroad by "The Meriden Flint Glass Company,"
of Meriden, County of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, United States of
America.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in glass globes, chimneys, and
shades for illuminating purposes, and method of manufacturing the same.
And in order that the said Invention may be clearly understood I have illustrated
the improvements on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, wherein,—
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of chimney.
Figs. 2 and 3, vertical section of globe.
Fig. 4, vertical section of shade.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, views illustrating the method of manufacture.
The first part of this Invention is shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and relates to
combining the chimney and shade or globe and shade in one structure, and consists
in a globe or chimney, the lower or supporting portion of which is of flint or clear

page_text: glass joined to an upper or shade portion of opal glass in the process of manu-
facture.
The shape of the chimney or globe is immaterial to this Invention. The lower
or base portion a is made of the usual form to rest upon the holder, thence
gradually swelling preferably to a point b; this lower portion is made from
flint glass, and clear, like common plain glass chimneys and globes. The portion c
above is made from opal glass, and the two parts united in the usual method
of uniting parts of glass articles in the process of manufacture. This combines
in one article a chimney or globe and shade, giving to the article all the
advantages of the usual chimney or globe with the detached shade, and without the
additional expense of the inconvenient independent attachments. The structure
shown in Fig. 3 in this case is of the conical form, and that portion above the angle
is made of opal glass, and below of flint or clear glass; the lower or clear portion
serves as a means for supporting the shade directly at the burner.
The second part of this Invention is shown in Fig. 4, and relates to an improve-
ment in that class of lamp shades which are made to be attached by the top or neck
to a shade support.
In the usual construction a rim or bend is made around the upper edge to rest
upon the securing device, but in such construction the shade cannot take a firm seat
in its support, but on the contrary a considerable vertical play is unavoidable, which
will allow the shade to rattle in the fixture from tho least jar.
The object of this part of the Invention is to make a firmer securing device for
the shade, and it consists in forming upon the upper edge of the shade a ring
externally concave or ✓ shape in vertical section, so that the securing device will
take its seat in the smallest diameter of said ring, and thereby hold it firm.
The lower portion A of the shade may be of any known or desirable form.
Around the upper edge a ring B is formed, which in vertical section is of concave
or V shape. This ring serves as a means for attaching the shado; the screws and
lugs of the holder entering the groove in the ring take a bearing at the smallest
diameter, and thus hold the shade firmly in its place, so that the difficulty before
mentioned is entirely avoided.
The third part of this Invention relates to the process of manufacturing globes
and shades, or chimneys and shades, and is illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8.
In the usual method of forming articles of glass from two colors or qualities it
has been the practice to first form a shell of the colored glass, and then introduce
into that a gathering of white glass or glass of different color, and work the two
together, thus making the colored portion of two thicknesses, the color running to
substantially nothing at its edge. The result of this is that for a considerable
distance from the edge of the colored glass the colored portion will be variable in
thickness, and give a cloudy appearance, preventing the clearly defined or seperate
and independent appearance of the two parts, and especially is this the case with
opal glass, so that in a globe and shade thus made the edge of the opal portion for a
considerable distance above the dividing line will be cloudy, owing to the unavoidable
variableness of the thickness of the opal portion as it runs from its thickest part
above down to nothing, or nearly so, at the edge. This part of the Invention is
designed to overcome this difficulty, and it consists in first partially forming one
portion, preferably the opal, and while still on the blow pipe opening the lower end,
and forming a smooth and clearly-defined edge thereon; then upon this edge dropping
a sufficient quantity of the other part, as clear glass, which readily adheres thereto,
and subsequently proceeding to finish the article as if of one kind of glass, as more
fully herein-after described.
First. The requisite quantity of opal glass is taken upon the tube and blown
into partial form, say, as in Fig. 1; the lower end of this gathering is then opened
and the edge finished smooth, as seen in Fig. 2; then upon this edge from the stick
the roquisito quantity of clear glass a¹, as seen in Fig. 3, is placed, which readily
unites to the finished or clearly defined edge of the first part 61; then the workman

page_text: proceeds to finish the whole in the usual manner of finishing such articles of glass,
as seen in Fig. 4. Thus finishing the edge of the first portion makes a clearly-
defined line around the globe or shade at the point of connection, both in appearance
and in construction, for the division is readily perceptible to the touch; there will
unavoidably be a ridge or uneveness at that point in vertical section, but the edge
of the flint portion will be as pure and even color as that portion above, and no part
of the upper portion is of two thicknesses, as must be the case in the construction
before referred to.
While in practice the upper portion of the shade or chimney is first made and
then the flint portion attached, as described, this may be reversed, but it is more
difficult to successfully work the glass.
America.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in glass globes, chimneys, and
shades for illuminating purposos, and method of manufacturing the same.
And in order that the said Invention may be clearly understood I have illustrated
the improvements on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, wherein,―
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of chimney.
Figs. 2 and 3, vertical section of globe.
Fig. 4, vertical section of shade.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, views illustrating the method of manufacture.
The first part of this Invention is shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and relates to
combining the chimney and shade or globe and shade in one structure, and consists
in a globe or chimney, the lower or supporting portion of which is of flint or
clear glass joined to an upper or shade portion of opal glass in the process of
manufacture.
The shape of the chimney or globe is immaterial to this Invention. The lower or
base portion a is made of the usual form to rest upon the holder, thence gradually
swelling preferably to a point b; this lower portion is made from flint glass, and
clear, like common plain glass chimneys and globes. The portion c above is made
from opal glass, and the two parts united in the usual method of uniting parts of
glass articles in the process of manufacture. This combines in one article a chimney
or globe and shade, giving to the article all the advantages of the usual chimney or
globe with the detached shade, and without the additional expense of the incon-
venient independent attachments. The structure shown in Fig. 3 in this case is of
the conical form, and that portion above the angle is made of opal glass, and below
of flint or clear glass; the lower or clear portion serves as a means for supporting
the shade directly at the burner.
The second part of this Invention is shown in Fig. 4, and relates to an improve-
ment in that class of lamp shades which are made to be attached by the top or neck
to a shade support.
In the usual construction a rim or bead is made around the upper edge to rest
upon the securing device, but in such construction the shade cannot take a firm seat
in its support, but on the contrary a considerable vertical play is unavoidable, which
will allow the shade to rattle in the fixture from the least jar.

page_text: The object of this part of the Invention is to make a firmer securing devico for
the shade, and it consists in forming upon the upper edge of the shade a ring
externally concave or V shape in vertical section, so that the securing device will
take its seat in the smallest diameter of said ring, and thereby hold it firm.
The lower portion A of the shade may be of any known or desirable form.
Around the upper edge a ring B is formed, which in vertical section is of concave
or V shape. This ring serves as a means for attaching the shade; the screws and
lugs of the holder entering the groove in the ring take a bearing at the smallest
diameter, and thus hold the shade firmly in its place, so that the difficulty before
mentioned is entirely avoided.
The third part of this Invention relates to the process of manufacturing globes
and shades, or chimneys and shades, and is illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8.
In the usual method of forming articles of glass from two colors or qualities it
has been the practice to first form a shell of the colored glass, and then introduce
into that a gathering of white glass or glass of different color, and work the two
together, thus making the colored portion of two thicknesses, the color running to
substantially nothing at its edge. The result of this is that for a considerable
distance from the edge of the colored glass the colored portion will be variable in
thickness and give a cloudy appearance, preventing the clearly defined or separate
and independent appearance of the two parts, and especially is this the case with
opal glass, so that in a globe and shade thus made the edge of the opal portion for
a considerable distance above the dividing line will be cloudy, owing to the
unavoidable variableness of the thickness of the opal portion as it runs from its
thickest part above, down to nothing, or nearly so, at the edge. This part of the
Invention is designed to overcome this difficulty, and it consists in first partially
forming one portion, preferably the opal, and while still on the blow pipe opening
the lower end and forming a smooth and clearly defined edge thereon; then upon
this edge dropping a sufficient quantity of the other part, as clear as glass, which
readily adheres thereto, and subsequently proceeding to finish the article as if of one
kind of glass, as more fully herein-after described.
First. The requisite quantity of opal glass is taken upon the tube and blown into
partial form, say, as in Fig. 1; the lower end of this gathering is then opened and
the edge finished smooth, as seen in Fig. 2; then upon this edge, from the stick, the
requisite quantity of clear glass a¹, as seen in Fig. 3, is placed, which readily unites
to the finished or clearly defined edge of the first part 61; then the workman
proceeds to finish the whole in the usual manner of finishing such articles of glass,
as seen in Fig. 4. Thus finishing the edge of the first portion makes a clearly-
defined line around the globe or shade at the point of connection, both in appear-
ance and in construction, for the division is readily perceptible to the touch; there
will unavoidably be a ridge or unevenness at that point in vertical section, but the
edge of the flint portion will be as pure and even color as that portion above, and
no part of the upper portion is of two thicknesses, as must be the case in the
construction before referred to.
While in practice the upper portion of the shade or chimney is first made, and
then the flint portion attached, as described; this may be reversed, but it is more
difficult to successfully work the glass.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, it is observed in conclusion that what is claimed as the Invention is,-
First. The combined chimney or globe and shade, consisting of the lower portion
of flint or clear glass and the upper portion of opal glass, and the two united, sub-
stantially as herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawing.
Second. The lamp shade constructed with a ring around its upper edge, which, in
vertical transverse section is concave or V shape, substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawing.
Third. The improvement in the manufacture of combined globes and shades and
chimneys, and shades for illuminating purposes, consisting in forming upon the one

page_text: part as opal, before it is completely shaped, a finished edge, and uniting thereto
sufficient glass for the second part, as flint, subsequently finishing the article, as
herein described, whereby a clearly defined dividing line between the opal and flint
portions is produced, and without the overlaying of one part upon the other.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.