Improvements in the Method of and Machinery for Making Earthenware Pipes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 21st Oct, 1880 Accepted, 23rd Nov, 1280
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Machinery for Making
Earthenware Pipes.
I ARTHUR RAMSDEN, of the Vestry Hall, Chiswick, in the County of Middlesex,
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and machinery for making
earthenware pipes having an annular groove or socket in one end and a corresponding
annular spigot at the other end, the said socket and spigot being respectively formed
in and on the thickened or flanged ends of the pipe as described in the specification
of former Letters Patent granted to me dated the 11th day of December 1886
No. 16272.
The object of this invention is primarily to enable the complete pipe to be formed
of a continuous mass of clay, as experience has shown that pipes of this kind, which
have their ends thickened in the process of manufacture by the addition of a separate
piece of clay, are liable to crack owing to the imperfect union of the added piece of
material with the body of the pipe.
In carrying out the invention, the one end of the pipe, preferably the socket end,
is moulded and the body of the pipe is drawn in an ordinary pipe making machine,
the other end of the pipe being moulded to its final forn by upsetting and compressing
the clay at both ends by means of a special press and dies. The means by which the
one end of the pipe is moulded and the body of the pipe is drawn at one operation,
consist of a die fixed beneath the dod plate of an ordinary pipe machine, the said
die corresponding to the intended external form of the pipe ends. This die is closed
at the bottom end by a loose ring die corresponding in forin to the annular socket or
spigot as the case may bo, and fitting within the fixed die and around the down-
wardly prolonged centre piece of the dod plate. This ring die is temporarily
supported in this position, whilst the bottom end of the pipe is being moulded, by
locking bolts which as soon as the die has been filled with clay are withdrawn by a
hand lover moving the two bolts simultaneously in opposite directions whereupon the
ring die is free to descend along with the moulded end as fast as the clay is expressed
from the dod plate to form the body of the pipo. The length of pipe so moulded
and drawn descends around a vertical core drum resting upon the balance table and
is truly centred at the upper end with the centre portion of the dod plate, of which it
forms a continuation. The pipe thus drawn is cut off of a greater length than the
intended length of the finished pipe, the excess of length providing sufficient material
when upset or longitudinally compressed, as heroin described, to form the moulded
upper end of the pipe. The pipe upon its supporting core is now transferred to a
press wherein its lower end stands upon the ring die before mentioned, and the
entire pipe is enclosed circumferentially by a longitudinally split die, the two parts of
which are hinged together and when clasped around the pipe are locked by suitable
means. The press is provided with an annular die corresponding to the intended
form of the upper end of the pipe, which when brought down by the press screw fits
around the upper end of the core, and within the upper end of the split die
or casing, and so moulds the excess of material at the upper end of the pipe to the
desired form.
The pipe thus completely moulded is then taken out of the press and turned upside
down, the ring die is removed and the core withdrawn to facilitate which operation
it is made of very slightly tapering form from the bottom end upwards.
Dated this 22nd day of January 1889.

page_text: •
COMPLETE DECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Machinery for Making
Earthenware Pipes.
I ARTHUR RAMSDEN, of the Vestry Hall, Chiswick, in the County of Middlesex
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of and machinery for
making earthonware pipes having an annular groove or socket in one end, and a
corresponding annular spigot at the other end, the said socket and spigot being
respectively formed in and on the thickened or flanged ends of the pipe as described
in the specification of former letters Patent granted to me dated the 11th day of
December 1886 No. 16272.
The object of this invention is primarily to enable the complete pipe to be formed
of a continuous mass of clay, as experience has shown that pipes of this kind which
have their ends thickened in the procoss of manufacture by the addition of a separate
piece of clay are liable to crack owing to the imperfect union of the added piece of
material with the body of the pipe.
In sheet No. 1 of the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical section
through A B on plan, Fig. 2 is an inverted plan, Fig. 3 is an end olevation partly in
section. Fig. 1 is a cross-section of the socket die. Fig. 1B is a cross-section of
the spigot die. Fig. 3A is an inverted plan cut through at section C-D. In sheet
No. 2 Fig. 4 is a front elevation partly in section of the special press and dies.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the special press and dies. Fig. 6 is a plan of the
same.
In carrying out the invention the one end of the pipe preferably the socket and A
Fig. 1 is moulded and the body of the pipe is drawn in an ordinary pipe making
machine B Fig. 1 the other end of the pipe being moulded to its final form by
upsetting and compressing the clay at both ends by means of a special press Figs. 4 5
& 6 and dies C & D.
The means by which the one end of the pipe is moulded and the body of the pipe
is drawn at one operation consist of a die E Fig. 1 fixed beneath the dod plate B of
the ordinary pipe machine, the said die corresponding to the intended external form
of the pipe ends. This dio is closed at the bottom end by a loose ring die F Fig. 1
corresponding in form to the annular socket or spigot as the case may be and fitting
within the fixed die and around the downwardly prolonged centre piece G Fig. 1
of the dod plate. This ring die is temporarily supported in this position whilst the
bottom end of the pipe is being moulded by locking bolts H Fig. 1 which as soon
as the die has been filled with clay are withdrawn by a hand lever I Figs. 2 & 3
moving the two bolts H simultaneously in opposite directions whereupon the ring
die F Fig. 1 is free to descend along with the moulded end as fast as the clay is
expressed from the dod plate to form the body of the pipe. The length of the pipe
so moulded and drawn descends around a vertical core drum J Figs. 1 & 3 resting
upon the balance table K Fig. 3 and is truly centred at the upper end L Fig. 1 with
the centre portion of the dod plate of which it forms a continuation.
The pipe thus drawn is cut off of a greater length than the intended length of
finished pipe, the excess of length providing sufficient material when upset or longi-
tudinally compressed, as herein described to form the moulded upper end of the pipe M
Fig. 4. The pipe upon its supporting core J is now transferred to a press Figs. 4, 5, & 6
wherein its lower end stands upon the ring die F Fig. 4 before-mentioned, and the
entire pipe is enclosed circumferentially by a longitudinally split dio N Figs. 4 & 5 the
two parts of which are hinged together and when clasped around the pipe are locked
by means of clams O Fig. 5 which may be worked in one operation or simultaneously
by a handle P Fig. 5 projecting from a connecting frame Q hinged to the side of
the dio itself or to one of the upright standards of the press.
The press is provided with an annular die C Fig. 4. The die-block C may be a

page_text: separate piece from the die C itself, so that dies for pipes of different sizes may be
fixed to the same block by suitable means. This die corresponds to the intended form
of the upper end of the pipe and when brought down by the press fits around the
upper end L of the core and within the upper end of the split die or casing D
and so moulds the excess of material at the upper end of the pipe to the desired
form.
The special press Figs. 4 & 5 & may be worked horizontally as well as vertically
and by steam or other mechanical means as well as manually. The direct pressing
action may be obtained by means of lever and stamp as well as by means of the wheel
and screw shown in the accompanying drawings.
The pipe thus completely moulded is then taken out of the press and turned
upside down the ring die F Fig. 4 is removed and the core J Fig. 4 withdrawn to
facilitate which operation it is made of very slightly tapering form from the bottom
end upwards.
Where the character of the clay permits it the fixing of the vertical core drum J
Fig. 1 to the centre piece of the dod plate B Fig. 1 may be dispenced with. In this
case the balance table K Fig. 3 with the socket or spigot die upon it may be made to
rise to the bottom of the machine so as to enable the die to be fixed to the machine ;
and when the die is full the body of the pipe may be expressed from the machino on
the simultaneously lowering, or previously lowered table in the ordinary way, and the
vertical core drum inserted in the pipe before the latter is placed on the press to be
completed as above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The improved method described with reference to Figs. 4 & 5 in the drawings
of completing from or in, one continuous mass of clay earthenware pipes flanged at
both ends as above described, by upsetting or compressing longitudinally an
excess of material obtained by drawing and cutti from the ordinary pipe machine
the body of the pipe at a greater length than the intended length of the finished pipe.
(2) The improved press or apparatus as described with reference to Figs. 4 & 5 of
the drawings whereby such flanged pipes as aforementioned are compressed and the
improved method above-doscribed of completing such fanged pipes from or in one
continuous mass of clay is carried out.
Dated this 21st day of October 1889.
ARTHUR RAMSDEN.