IMPROVEMENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR THE BETTER PATA MEXIC On Smai TuGINES WATER MILLS AND WINDMILLS.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Greenwood, of Lodg, Russian Poland,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR THE BETTER
PATA MEXIC On Smai TuGINES WATER MILLS AND WINDMILLS.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Greenwood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd May 1874.
I, STEPHEN GREENWOOD, of Lodg, Russian Poland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR
THE BETTER REGULATING OF STEAM ENGINES, WATERMILLS, AND WINDMILLS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for regulating the admission of
steam or other agent of power to the cylinders of engines and other
machines; also to flushing and other boards or closers of watermills and
windmills.

page_text: The Invention consists of a combination of levers or rods and pauls,
which are caused to take into the teeth of a ratchet wheel, by the
reciprocating action of which the valve or other apparatus for determining
the amount of opening of the ports or apertures is governed, and the
speed regulated thereby. The pauls are arranged upon a rock lever
connected directly to some moving part of the engine, say, to the piston
rod, and as this moves up and down or to and fro the pauls are caused
to take into the teeth of the wheel alternately, and to produce a to-and-
fro circular rotation of the wheel, and consequently an opening and
closing of the inlet ports by a short lever in connection with the valve
rod. The pauls are alternately lifted out of gear by projections upon a
lever in connection with the governor.
Any attempt on the part of the engine to race the additional speed
imparted to the governor causes its lever to lift, and so communicate
motion to the wheel and to the valve to shut off steam to the required
amount, and any attempt on the part of the engine to move slower than
a given speed then the governor lever becomes lowered, and the valve
ports are opened to a greater extent to admit more steam.
When the engine is moving at the required speed both pauls are out
of gear from the wheel, and consequently no motion is communicated to
it; thus the engine is kept going at one uniform-speed whatever the
nature of the work may be which it has to perform.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Stephen Greenwood in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, STEPHEN
GREENWOOD, of Lodg, Russian Poland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Stephen Greenwood, Her

page_text: special licence that I, the said Stephen Greenwood, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Stephen
Greenwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed; should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR THE BETTER REGULATING OF STEAM
ENGINES, WATERMILLS, AND WINDMILLS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Stephen Greenwood, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stephen Greenwood, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and.
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to apparatus for regulating the admission of
steam or other agent of power to the cylinders of engines and other
machines; also to flushing and other boards or closers of watermills and
windmills.
The Invention, which is clearly illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, side
view and plan respectively, in the accompanying Drawings, consists of a
combination of levers or rods and pauls. which are caused to take into
the teeth of a ratchet wheel, by the reciprocating action of which the
valve or other apparatus for determining the amount of opening of the
ports or apertures is governed, and the speed regulated thereby.. The
pauls are arranged upon a rock lever connected directly to some moving
part of the engine, say, to the piston rod or cross head, and as this
moves up and down or to and fro the pauls are caused to take into the
teeth of the wheel alternately, and produce a to-and-fro circular rotation
of the wheel, and consequently an opening or closing of the inlet ports
by a short lever in connection with the valve rod. The pauls are

page_text: Any attempt on the part of the engine to face the additional spec
imparted to the governor causes its lever to lift, and so communicate
motion to the wheel and to the valve to shut off steam to the required
amount, and any attempt on the part of the engine to move slower than
a given speed then the governor lever becomes lowered, and the valve
ports are opened to a greater extent to admit more steam.
When the engine is moving at the required speed both pawls are out
of gear from the wheel, and consequently no motion is communicated to
it; thus the engine is kept going at one uniform speed whatever the
nature of the work may be which it has to perform.
a, a, are side standards, and b a shaft on which the wheel c is fixed.
This wheel, has a double set of ratchet teeth formed round a portion of
its edge, one set looking with their angle faces to the right, and the
other set looking to the left, so that one or other of a couple of pawls d, d,
may take into play in the teeth, and so move the wheel when either of
two segment plates e, e, is permitted to fall, the segment plates e, e,
being hung loosely upon the shaft b. so that they may rock upon it
under the action of a lever f; this being in connection with, say, the fork
of the governor sleeve, to be lifted and lowered by it as the engine to
which the apparatus is applied runs faster or slower. The pauls d, d,
have lips g, g, upon them, which rest upon the segmental plates e, e, to
keep the pauls out of gear, their weighted end h, h, causing them to
bear against the plates, and also to fall into the teeth of the ratchet
wheel as soon as released. The pauls d, d, are also upon a rock lever i
fitted loosely upon the shaft so that it may rock upon it. An extension
rod j¨ of the lever i leads to the cross head or other reciprocating part of
the engine, so as to partake of movement from it. The shaft has an
arm k. fixed upon it and attached to a rod 7 of the steam valve, motion
being thereby communicated from the governor to the valve through
the intermediation of the pauls, ratchet wheel, and shaft directly the rise
of the governor takes place by an opening out of the spheres, such as
would happen under extra speed of the engine, by which means a
corresponding diminution of the area of the steam passage would take
place, and consequently a reduction in the supply of the steam to the

page_text: cylinder also, whereby the piston and the engine would be caused to
move slower, after which the governor spheres would fall gradually and
reopen the steam passage more or less until the engine travelled at the
desired speed.
.:
An application of my Invention to a horizontal steam engine is shown
at Figure 3, so that the adaptation to such a machine may be the better
understood, but I do not limit myself to fixing my regulator in the
position indicated, nor to be worked from the cross head only, since it
can by modifying the arrangement of the levers be fitted to the cylinder
valve, or to any other moving part..
The apparatus is applicable to other constructions of engine or machine
that may require regulating, or a regulation of the steam or other agent
of power of a similar character.
The application of the Invention to regulate the flow or supply of
water to an overshot water wheel is shown at Figure 4, but this like the
previous Figure is only given as an illustration. The apparatus for this
regulation works also in connection with ordinary governor balls, but the
apparatus will require a grooved pulley at the end of the ratchet wheel
shaft instead of a lever; it also requires a second grooved pulley fixed
above the flush board and a chain attached to the flush board, which
may go round the grooved pulley above and down to the grooved pulley
of the apparatus. By this means the flush board may be raised and
lowered as required.
The Invention is also applicable to windmills in any suitable manner,
but when so affixed the teeth of the wheel c are preferably formed all
round the periphery, the teeth on one side to be cut the opposite way to
the other, and worked by the pauls as before, will give a to-and-fro
motion, as required, a pulley being fixed to the end of the shaft of the
ratchet wheel. A post may be fixed at each side in front of the mill,
and a sail cloth fixed with rings to each post to be raised and lowered by
one or more ropes to run over pulleys at the top of the post, the end of
the said rope being fastened to the pulley of the ratchet wheel. By this
means the sail cloth may be raised as high as required to prevent the
wind from having too much effect; it may also be lowered to have the
advantage of all the wind.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the

page_text: construction or arrangement and employment of apparatus shown in
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings, by or through which a
better regulation of speed can be given to steam or other engines, water-
mills, and windmills, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Greenwood, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
STEPHEN GREENWOOD. (L.S.)