IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR ROOFS AND OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Armytage Wade, of the Borough of
Kingston-upon-Hull, and of Hornsea, in the East Riding of the
County of York, Timber Merchant, Shipowner, and Brick Manu-
facturer, and John Cherry, of Hornsea aforesaid, Brick Yard
Manager, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR ROOFS AND
OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Armytage Wade
and John Cherry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
with their Petition, on the 12th January 1871.
We, JOSEPH ARMYTAGE WADE, of the Borough of Kingston-upon-
Hull, and of Hornsea, in the East Riding of the County of York,
Timber Merchant, Shipowner, and Brick Manufacturer, and John
CHERRY, of Hornsea aforesaid, Brick Yard Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR ROOFS
AND OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the first place in the manufacture of tiles
with tapered and dovetailed, rabbeted, or undercut flanges similar to

page_text: those described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us and bearing
date 22nd April 1870, No. 1173, except that instead of being locked
together by separate fastening pieces of corresponding section, each tile is
formed with a fastening piece of such section on one of its edges. The tiles
being formed each with a tapered, and dovetailed, rabbeted, or undercut
flange on one edge, and a tapered fastening piece of corresponding
section on the other edge admit of being locked and fastened together
as under the Patent referred to, without the aid of separate fastening
pieces.
And our Invention consists in the second place in the manufacture of
tiles of various shapes with flanges on the upper and under surfaces,
by means of which flanges in combination the several tiles when put
together on a roof will be locked or fastened together, and may be made
to hang together without entirely depending for support on the knobs
or nails ordinarily used for the purpose. In some cases the flanges of
the said tiles will be dovetailed, rabbeted, or otherwise undercut, but
in other cases, if required, they might be made of rectangular section.
The said tiles may also be used advantageously for sheathing party walls
from which they may be taken away when further building renders
them unnecessary.
The ridging will be adapted to correspond with the superficial form of
the tiles, and to cover them more or less according to the size of the
pattern thereof employed.
Any of the tiles herein-before referred to may be ornamented by
using clays adapted to produce variations in colour on parts of their
surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Armytage Wade and John Cherry in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th July 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH 3
ARMYTAGE WADE, of Kingston-upon-Hull, and of Hornsea, in the East
Riding of the County of York, Timber Merchant, Shipowner, and
Brick Manufacturer, and JOHN CHERRY, of Hornsea, aforesaid, Brick
Yard Manager, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Joseph Armytage Wade and John
Cherry, Her special licence, that we, the said Joseph Armytage Wade
and John Cherry, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Joseph Armytage Wade and John Cherry, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
the
PROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR ROOFS AND OTHER PARTS OF BUILDINGS," upon
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Armytage Wade
and John Cherry, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Armytage Wade, on
behalf of myself and of the said John Cherry, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed and to the letters and Figures marked thereon (that is to
say): :-
Our Invention of "Improvements in Tiles for Roofs and other Parts
of Buildings," consists in the first place in the manufacture of tiles with
tapered and dovetailed, rabbetted, or undercut flanges similar to those
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us and bearing
date Twenty-second April One thousand eight hundred and seventy,
(No. 1173,) except that instead of being locked together by separate
fastening pieces of corresponding section each tile is formed with a
fastening piece of such section on one of its edges. The tiles being
formed each with a tapered and dovetailed, rabbetted, or undercut flange
on one edge and a tapered fastening piece of corresponding section on

page_text: It will be seen on reference to Fig. 2, that the flange B of one tile
is locked by the fastening piece C of the next tile, the said flange fitting
into the groove of the said fastening piece.
It will also be seen on reference to Fig. 3 that a portion 6 of the
flange B rests or abuts against a rib c, on the under side of the fastening
piece C, in such a manner as to prevent lateral displacement. The said
portion of the flange also, and the said rib c together form a ledge or
stop to enable the tile to rest on the top of the fastening piece of the
tile in the next lower course, the smaller end of which fastening piece
enters the larger end of that immediately over it. By this arrangement
all the tiles in a course are locked and held together so as to prevent
lateral displacement, and one course is supported by resting on the next
lower course, being otherwise fixed to the framing of the roof as may
be required. The under side of the tiles may also be furnished with a
rib d to act as a stop against the head of the tile in the next lower
course. These tiles may be manufactured by the clay being forced
through a die so as to form the rough shape of the tile, and then cut off
by the ordinary cutting wire, and afterwards pressed in a press box,
having a moveable bottom to be worked up and down as required, and a
lid suitably formed to press the upper side of the tile, also a sliding
mould inserted in the said bottom for the purpose of forming the tapered
and dovetailed or undercut fastening piece on the one edge of the tile.
This mould is intended to be drawn out of the press box after the
pressing action, and for this purpose it would be made to protrude
through the end of the box so as to provide a handle to be taken hold
of in order to draw it out. The said mould would be a kind of tapered
stick adapted in form to the inside of the said fastening piece. These
tiles may however be otherwise manufactured if found more convenient.
Figures 6 to 15 illustrate two forms of tiles made with flanges of the
kind referred to under the second head of our Invention.
Figures 6 to 10 represent diamond-shaped roofing tiles with undercut
or partially undercut flanges on the two upper edges on the face of the
tile, and two similar flanges on the two lower edges on the reverse side
of the tile; Fig. 6, shews the face of such a tile, and Fig. 7 the reverse
side thereof; Fig. 8 is an edge view of the tile; Fig. 9 shews four of
such tiles put together for packing; Fig. 10 is a plan of a few of such
tiles when locked together to form a roof. In this Figure are also shewn
the different forms of the tiles required to complete certain parts of the

page_text: roof; A is the tile, a, a, are the undercut or partially undercut flanges
on the face of the tile, and b, b, the similar flanges on the reverse side
thereof. After a lower course of tiles has been fixed to the tile laths on
the framing of the roof, the tiles in each upper course are slidden upon
and locked into those in the course last laid by the interlocking of the
flanges b, b, of the tiles of one course, with the flanges a, a, of the tiles
of the course already laid, the knobs at the same time fitting upon the
tile laths and holding each course in its place as laid, or if perforations
be substituted for knobs the tiles then nailed to the tile laths.
mode of locking both on the face and the reverse side the tiles will be
secured against displacement both laterally and vertically, and against
any material ingress of wind or moisture.
By this
Figures 11 to 15 represent in similar views acorn shaped tiles with
flanges a and b to effect the locking of the tiles both laterally and
vertically as in the former case.
It will be obvious that tiles of various shapes may be made with
flanges of the kind described to answer the same purpose of effectual
locking when put together on a roof, or when used for sheathing party
walls.
Fig. 15 represents a face view of a tile with a rib c between the 2
flanges a, a, at the top or neck of the tile which will act as a stop to
the driving in of wet or wind. The knob at the under side of the tile
will in such case be placed a little lower. A perforation may be sub-
stituted for the knob if required.
Fig. 16 is a face view, and Fig. 17 shews the reverse side of a tile 2
with flanges partly rectangular and partly dovetailed or undercut in
section. The flanges a and b in this case are rectangular from 1 to 2
as shewn in the section Fig. 18, and dovetailed or undercut (gradually
or otherwise from 2 towards 3 as shewn in the section Fig. 19.
In Figures 16 and 17 it will be seen that the flanges are wider where 3
they are dovetailed or undercut. By thus making the flanges rectangular
and dovetailed or undercut at the parts shewn, or in other suitable
parts or proportions, the laying of the tiles will be facilitated.
Figures 20 to 29 represent apparatus which may be used in the
manufacture of the two last-mentioned kinds of tiles.
Figure 20 is a plan of a press box or die for diamond-shaped lock
flanged tiles with the lid of the box removed; Fig. 21 is a vertical
3

page_text: section of the said box or die which is intended to be used for shaping
the tiles with their undercut flanges after the clay has been prepared
and forced through a pug mill die, or through other dies, and the portions
required to form the separate tiles have been cut off by wires or other
suitable cutting apparatus; A is the moveable bottom of the box or die;
B, B, are the sides of the box or die; C, C, is the lid turning on a pivot
at C*. The moveable bottom A is grooved so as to be capable of forming
the two undercut flanges on the face or top side of the tile, and the
undercut flanges on the lower side of the tile are formed by means of
the loose pallet D, which is held in position in the lid C by a key E,
protruding through a slot in the lid and by the pressure of the tile.
When the lid C is opened, the key being formed so as to pass through
the slot the loose pallet is left on the tile in the box, and may be removed
by hand; K, Fig. 20 is the undercut groove on the moveable bottom;
F, F, is the cavity for giving the required shape to the tile; G is the
cavity for forming the knob; H is the catch by which the lid may be
held when pressing; I is the excentric for applying the required pressure.
The tile after being formed is removed on a pallet and placed on a
drying shelf until dry enough for burning in a kiln in the ordinary
manner.
Fig. 22 is a plan of the press box and lid, showing the mode of
fastening the loose pallet to the lid; Fig. 23 is an elevation of the press
box with the catch removed; Fig. 24 is a plan of the catch.
Fig. 25 is
a plan of the loose pallet; L is the reverse undercut groove, and Fig. 26
is a section of the pallet. Fig. 27 is a plan of a press box or die adapted
to form tiles of the kind represented in Figures 11 to 15, the lid of the
box being removed; J is the moveable bottom of the box; K, K, the
undercut grooves in the same for forming the flanges on the face of the
tile. Fig. 28 is a plan of a loose pallet for this form of tile; L is the
undercut groove for forming the flanges on the lower side of the tile.
Fig. 29 is a vertical section of the pallet.
The apparatus herein-before described may be used in the manu-
facture of tiles with undercut flanges adapted to lock each other both
laterally and vertically as described, but such tiles may be otherwise
manufactured.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the
manner in which the same may be carried into effect, we hereby declare
that what we claim as of our Invention is,–
-

page_text: First. The manufacture and use of tiles with tapered and dovetailed
rabbeted, or undercut flanges on one edge, and fastening pieces of corre-
sponding section on the other edge, thereby admitting of the tiles being
locked and fastened together in the manner herein-before described
without the aid of separate fastening pieces.
Secondly. The manufacture and use of tiles of various shapes, (two
of which are shewn in the Drawings,) with flanges on the upper and
under sides adapted to lock and fasten the tiles together in the manner
described, such flanges being either dovetailed, rabbeted, or otherwise
undercut throughout, or partly rectangular and partly dovetailed,
rabbeted or otherwise undercut.
And lastly. The employment or use of a loose pallet in the press box
in the manufacture of such tiles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Armytage Wade, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
Witness to the signing and
sealing of the said Joseph
Armytage Wade,
S. COOK FRANKISH,
Sol³,
Hull.
J. A. WADE. (L.S.)