IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON WITH STEEL
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lones, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Iron Roller and Iron Merchant, for the Invention of
29
Sealed the 22nd November 1864, and dated the 30th August 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1864.
I, JOHN LONES, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Iron Roller
and Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON WITH STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the coating of bars or rods and tubes of iron with
steel, and consists of the methods, herein-after described, of effecting the said
coating. In coating with steel bars of iron which are square or rectangular
in cross section, I form by rolling two bars of steel of the form of the iron
bars known in commerce as angle iron, the said steel bars being of such size
and shape that two of them will enclose the bar of iron to be coated on all
sides, excepting at its ends. The bar of iron and the bars of steel placed on
it are raised to a welding heat and passed through a pair of suitably formed
rolls; the steel is thereby welded to the iron, and the bar is coated with
steel, excepting at its ends. Or the two bars of steel, instead of being made of
the form of angle iron, may be made of a trough shape, each of the two bars

page_text: being a trough of such a form and size as to hold one-half the bar of iron to
be coated. The bar of iron is enclosed between two of the said bars of steel
and the whole raised to a welding heat; by means of rolls the steel bars are
welded to the bar of iron. Or instead of two trough-shaped bars of steel of the
kind last described, one trough-shaped bar of steel may be employed, the
trough-shaped bar being in this case of such a depth that when the bar of
iron to be coated is placed in it three sides of the bar of iron are covered by
the bar of steel; the bar of iron being placed in the trough of steel, a flat
bar of steel is placed upon the top of the steel trough, and the bar of iron
thus enclosed on its four sides. The bars are welded together by heating and
rolling, as herein-before described.
In coating bars or tubes of a cylindrical figure I employ two semi-tubular
bars of steel, between which I place the bar or tube of iron to be coated, and
weld them together by heating and rolling. I prefer to make a small flange
on each of the edges of the semi-tubular bars of steel, as a better joint is made
in this case than that made when no flanges are employed. In coating iron
tubes within and without I introduce a tube of steel or two semi-tubes within
the iron.tube in addition to the semi-tubes of steel on the outside.
Although I have only described my Invention in its application to bars of a
rectangular figure in cross section or of a cylindrical form, and to tubes of a
cylindrical form, yet my Invention is also applicable to bars and tubes of other
figures in cross section. And although I have only described the welding of
the iron and steel to be effected by rolling, yet the welding may be effected
e of forming
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said John Lones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th February 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LONES, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Iron Roller and Iron
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Lones, Her special licence that I, the said John
Lones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,

page_text: the said John Lones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON WITH STEEL," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Lones, my executors or administrators,. by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and. seals,.
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,.
and in what manuer the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said John Lones, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to the coating of bars or rods and tubes of iron with
steel, and consists of the methods, herein-after described, of effecting the said
coating. In coating with steel bars of iron which are square or rectangular
in cross section, I form by rolling two bars of steel of the form of the iron
bars known in commerce as angle iron, the said steel bars being of such size
and shape that two of them will enclose the bar (or bars) of iron to be coated
on all sides, excepting at its ends. The bar (or bars) of iron and the bars of
steel placed on it are raised to a welding heat and passed through a pair of
5 suitably formed rolis; the steel is thereby welded to the iron, and the bar is
coated with steel, excepting at its ends. Or the two bars of steel, instead of
being made of the form of angle iron, may be made of a trough shape, each
of the two bars being a trough of such a form and size as to hold one-half of
the bar of iron to be coated. The bar of iron is enclosed between two of the
O said bars of steel, and the whole raised to a welding heat; by means of rolls
the steel bars are welded to the bar of iron. Or instead of two trough-shaped
bars of steel of the kind last described, one trough-shaped bar of steel may be
employed, the trough-shaped bar being in this case of such a depth that when
the bar of iron to be coated is placed in it three sides of the bar of iron are
5 covered by the bar of steel; the bar of iron being placed in the trough of
steel, a flat bar of steel is placed upon the top of the steel trough, and the ban
of iron thus enclosed on its four sides.. The bars are welded together by
heating and rolling, as herein-before described.
In coating bars or tubes of a cylindrical figure I employ two semi-tubulan

page_text: bars of steel, between which I place the bar or tube to be coated, and weld
them together by heating and rolling. I prefer to make a small flange on
each of the edges of the semi-tubular bars of steel, as a better joint is made in
this case than that made when no flanges are employed. In coating iron
'tubes within and without I introduce a tube of steel or two semi-tubes within
the iron tube, in addition to the semi-tubes of steel on the outside.
"Although I have only described my Invention in its application to bars of
a rectangular figure in cross section or of a cylindrical form, and to tubes of a
cylindrical form, yet my Invention is also applicable to bars and tubes of
other figures in cross section. And although I have only described the
welding of the iron and steel to be effected by rolling, yet the welding may
be effected by the process of forging.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is be performed:
1
:
Figure 1 represents, in cross section, a square bar of iron enclosed within
two bars of steel rolled of the form of the iron bars called angle iron. The
bar of iron is marked a, and the two angular bars of steel.are marked:b. The
two bars b, b, surround the bar of iron.a on its four sides, and when the pile
ab, b, is raised to a welding heat and passed through a pair of properly
shaped rolls, the bars b; b, are welded to the bar a, and the said bar a is
coated with steel on all sides, except at its ends. Figure.2 represents.in
cross section a flat pile for making steel-coated bars of iron. In this Figure
the iron bar is marked c, and the two angular bars of steel are marked d.
Each of the bars d, 'd, has a long side and a short side in order to make it fit
the bar c. The pile c, d, d, is heated and welded by rolling. Figure 3 repre-
-”.
sents in cross section a pile to be made by welding into a steel-coated bar of
iron. In this Figure e represents the bar of iron, and.f,.g, the bars of steel.
The bars of steel f, g, are of a trough shape, each of the said bars f, g, being
of such a figure as to cover one-half of the iron bar e: The iron bar e being
enclosed between the steel bars f, g, in the manner represented in the
Drawing, the whole is raised to a welding heat and welded together.
The pile, Figure 3, may be modified in the following manner: -Instead of
enclosing the iron bar in two trough-shaped steel bars of similar form, one
trough-shaped steel bar of sufficient depth and a flat steel bar. may be
employed. Thus the sides of the trough-shaped bar g, Figure 3, may be of a
depth equal to the depth of the iron bar e, that is, they may extend to the
line h, Figure 3, the trough-shaped steel barf being replaced by a flat bar
of steel

page_text: Figures 4 and 5 illustrate another method of steel-coating bars. of: iron
according to my Invention; Figure 4 representing a compound steel and iron
bar which I use in carrying this modification of my Invention into effect, and
Figure 5, a transverse section of a pile made by piling bars obtained by
rolling down bars of the kind represented in Figure 4, as herein-after
explained. According to this arrangement I take a bar of iron. (shown in
transverse section in Figure 4) having welded to it. on two opposite sides bars
of steel k, k. By means of rolling I reduce the bar, Figure 4,. to one of the
bars 1, Figure 5, that is, into flat bars having steel-coated edges, and I'pile a
series of the said bars upon one another, placing the flat bars of steel m, m,
at top and bottom. There is thus produced the pile, which when welded
constitutes a steel-coated fagotted bar of iron. In Figure 5 the steel and iron
parts of the bars are marked with the same letters as the corresponding
parts.in the bar, Figure 4, from which the said bars are rolled.
Although in the Drawing I have only represented the steel bars or steel.
troughs enclosing one iron bar, yet two or more.iron bars may bé enclosed by
the said steel bars or steel troughs, and the whole welded together.' .
Figure 6. illustrates my.Invention as applied to the steel coating of iron
tubes, or rods having a cylindrical, square, or prismatic figure; the said
Figure 6 representing; in transverse section, an octagonal iron tube with an
external coating of steel... The iron tube is marked n, and the external
coating of steel, consisting of two trough-shaped bars o, p, which, when placed
upon the tube n in the manner represented, enclose the said tube n. By
raising to a welding heat the tube n and the coatings o, p, upon it in 'the
positions represented in Figure 6, and passing the whole between rolls, the
tube being supported on a mandril, the iron tube and its coating become
welded into one mass, the coatings o, p, being welded to the iron of the tuben;
and the edges of the coatings o, p, being welded together at their points
of junction q, r. Figure 7 represents, in transverse section, an. iron tube t
coated internally with steel by means of the troughs of steel it, v; or instead
of the troughs u, v, a tube of steel of the proper figure may be introduced
into the tube t. By raising the tube and lining, Figure 7, to a welding heat
they may be welded together by rolling, the interior of the tube being sup-.
ported by a mandril.
:
Figure 8 represents, in transverse section, my method of coating iron tubes
with steel, both internally-and-externally. w is the iron tube, and y,the
internal lining of steel-in two parts, and 1, 2, is the external coating of steel
in two parts, the junctions of the external and internal coatings being unop
posed, as represented in the Drawing. The iron tube w, with its external and

page_text: internal coatings: placed respectively upon and within it in the manner repre-
sented in Figure. 8, on being raised to a welding heat and passed with an
internal support through rolls, becomes welded into one mass: The. iron
tubes n, t, and w to be coated may be made in. halves, the said, halves being
welded together during the welding of the steel to the iron; or an iron tube
coated within and without with steel may be made by taking an iron tube
coated on its outside with steel, such as that' represented in Figure 6, and
another.iron tube coated in its interior. with steel, such as. that represented in
Figure 7, the last-described tube (Figure 7) being of such a size that it can
enter. the first-described tube (Figure 6). By placing the last-described tube
(Figure 7) within the first-described one. (Figure 6) and welding the whole
together a tube is produced, which is of steel, both internally and externally,
with iron between the steel coatings. In coating with steel solid bars or rods
of iron having square, cylindrical, octagonal, or other prismatic figures. the
process illustrated in. Figure 6. may be resorted to, the solid bar being sub-
stituted for the hollow tube n.
J
3
Although I have only represented and described with reference to Figures 6;
7, and 8, the coating of: octagonal tubes and bars with. steel; yet iron tubes
and bars of a cylindrical, square, or of any other form in cross section may be
coated with steel by the processes described and illustrated. In coating
cylindrical iron tubes and bars with steel, it is convenient to make them of an
octagonal or other prismatic figure.in welding the steel and iron together, and
to reduce them to a cylindrical figure by the after:rolling process:
Although I have described and prefer to effect the welding of: the steel 'to
the iron by rolling, yet the said welding may be effected by forging, tilting, or
hammering. The bars or troughs by which the iron is to be coated may
either be made of steel, or steel iron, or other kinds of steel that can be
welded to iron.
:
:
Having now.described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of iny Invention; but I claim as
my' Invention,--
Firstly, coating square or rectangular bars of iron with steel by enclosing
the said bars within coatings of steel, the said steel coatings having the figure
of the bars of iron. known in commerce as angle iron, whether the sides of the
angular bars of steel are of equal or of different widths, and welding the steel
coatings to. the iron bars, as herein-before- described and illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawing.

page_text: Secondly, coating square or rectangular bars of iron with steel by enclosing
the said bars within coatings of steel, the said coatings of steel consisting
either of two trough-shaped steel bars enclosing the bar of iron or of one
trough-shaped steel bar enclosing three sides and a flat steel bar covering the
fourth side of the bar of iron, and welding the whole together, as herein-
before described and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawing;
also the modification illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying
Drawing.
Thirdly, coating iron tubes either within or without or both within and
without with steel, or coating bars or rods of iron with steel, the said tubes,
bars, or rods being either square, circular, octagonal, or other figure in cross
section, by the methods described with reference to Figures 6, 7, and 8 of the
accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Lones, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN LONES. (L.S.)