IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Mortimer, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, and George Swaine, of the same Place, Over-
looker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 29th May 1860, and dated the 30th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Mortimer and
George Swaine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th November 1859.
We, SAMUEL MORTIMER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, and GEORGE SWAINE, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the back rollers of spinning frames, and to the
nip rollers of doubling or twisting frames, which heretofore have been con-
structed with plain surfaces, or one of them slightly fluted; but because of the
inequalities in thickness of rovings or yarns, and when two such are passing
betwixt the same pair of rollers simultaneously, one or other of them will
occasionally slip, and consequently make bad yarn. Also, where it is desirable
to have rovings or yarns of unequal thicknesses, as when different colors are
used in combination for making mottled yarn, such rollers do not effectually

page_text: hold or nip them both alike, to remedy which we employ what are technically
called "tooth and pinion rollers;" that is, rollers fluted so as to fit into each
other and work together after the manner of gear wheels, by means of which
we obtain additional nipping surface, and thereby prevent to a very great
extent such slipping of the rovings or yarns in passing betwixt the said 5
rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Mortimer and George Swaine in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
MORTIMER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Maker, and GEORGE
SWAINE, of the same Place, Overlooker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Samuel Mortimer and George Swaine, Her special licence that
we, the said Samuel Mortimer and George Swaine, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Samuel Mortimer
and George Swaine, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Samuel Mortimer and George Swaine, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Mortimer and George
Swaine, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-

page_text: This Invention relates to the back rollers of spinning frames and to the nip
rollers of doubling or twisting frames, which heretofore have been constructed
with plain surfaces, or one of them slightly fluted. But because of the
inequalities in thickness of rovings or yarns, and when two such are passing
betwixt the same pair of rollers simultaneously, one or other of them will
occasionally slip, and consequently make bad yarn. Also, when it is desirable
to have rovings or yarns of unequal thicknesses, or when two rovings or yarns
of different colors are used in combination for making mottled yarn, such
rollers do not effectually nip them both alike, to remedy which we employ
what are technically called "tooth and pinion rollers;" that is, rollers fluted
so as to fit into each other, and work together after the manner of gear wheels,
by means of which we obtain additional nipping surface, and thereby prevent
to a very great extent such slipping of the rovings or yarns in passing betwixt
the said rollers.
In further explanation of this Invention, it is clearly evident that when
rollers with plain surfaces, or one of them but slightly fluted, are employed for
holding such rovings or yarns, there is but one nip, or that the said rovings or
yarns are only nipped at one place or part in passing betwixt them; con-
sequently if two or more rovings or yarns of unequal thicknesses are passing
betwixt the same pair of rollers at the same time, or if one of such rovings or
yarns has a lump or thick place or part at the nip, and the other being of
regular thickness, or (as may be the case) has a "twit" or small part at the
same place of contact with the rollers, so that the said rovings or yarns are
not of equal thicknesses at the nip of the rollers, the small one will not be held
thereby, but will slip betwixt the rollers, while the thick one will be held as
required. But if instead of such plain rollers we employ "tooth and pinion
rollers," or rollers which have their surfaces fluted in the form of teeth or cogs
of gear wheels, so that the teeth of one will fit and work in or between the
teeth of the other; then it also will be evident that rovings or yarns passing
betwixt them will have an additional or double nip, or that the said rovings or
yarns will be nipped or held at two or more points or places, and thereby
prevented from slipping, or rendered much less liable to slip, which is very
essential in the production of mottled yarns.
Having thus fully described the nature of this our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that what we
claim as of our Invention, and which to the best of our knowledge and belief
is new within the realm, is, the application and use of "tooth and pinion
rollers," or rollers having their surfaces fluted in the form of cogs or teeth of
gear wheels instead of the rollers now in use in machinery for spinning and

page_text: doubling or twisting wool or other fibrous substances for purposes as herein
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Mortimer and George Swaine,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Samuel Mortimer and
George Swaine, in the presence of
SAMUEL MORTIMER. (L.S.)
GEORGE SWAINE.
W. TASKER, Patent Agent,
Halifax.
(L.S.)