IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING STONES, AND FOR CRUSHING QUARTZ OR SCHIST, BONES, EMERY, ORES, AND ALL MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Oliver Camroux, of Deptford, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, and George Oliver, of Wapping, in the
County of Middlesex, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING STONES, AND
FOR CRUSHING QUARTZ OR SCHIST, BONES, EMERY, ORES, AND ALL MINERAL
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 16th August 1870, and dated the 19th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Oliver
Camroux and George Oliver at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th February 1870.
We, FERDINAND OLIVER CAMROUX, of Deptford, in the County of
Kent, Engineer, and GEORGE OLIVER, of Wapping, in the County of
Middlesex, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING
OR. REDUCING STONES, AND FOR CRUSHING QUARTZ OR SCHIST, BONES, EMERY,
ORES, AND ALL MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a peculiar construction, arrangement, and
combination of mechanism to be driven by steam or other power for

page_text: breaking or crushing stones for road metal, or other purposes, and for
crushing quartz or schist, bones, emery, ores, and all mineral and other
substances.
The machinery or apparatus consists essentially of a pair of discs with
cither conical, concave, convex, or other shaped faces, the same faces
being cither plain or corrugated, or with V shaped grooves or teeth
radiating from the centre or diamond or indented surfaces. The discs
are set at an angle and revolve face to face in the same or opposite
directions. The distance apart may be varied according to the fineness
to which the substance is required to be reduced; to prevent the rapid
wearing of these faces, they should be made of hard iron and be well
chilled, or be made in segments of iron or steel or any other metal, and
movable on the faces of the discs so that they can be replaced wheen
needing repairs. The acting surfaces of the above-mentioned discs are
so placed one towards the other that whilst the space between them at
the top where the stones or other hard substances are introduced is
sufficiently large to receive them, the space at the bottom is only
sufficiently large to allow the fragments to pass through after they have
been crushed or broken to the required size; these dises are enclosed in
a case to prevent the dust or dirt from escaping and interfering with the
working of the machinery, the substances required to be crushed being
introduced through a hopper at the top, and delivered through a spout
underneath.
It is also proposed to combine with this machine a screen for
separating the fragments into two or more sizes, or we place below
rollers to receive the materials after being crushed by the discs. The
materials after passing through the rollers can be reduced to any
fineness.
·SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
"
filed by the said Ferdinand Oliver Camroux and George Oliver 30
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FERDINAND
OLIVER CAMROUX, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, and
GEORGE OLIVER, of Wapping, in the County of Middlesex, Ironmonger,
'send greeting.
.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Ferdinand Oliver Camroux
and George Oliver, Her special licence that we, the said Ferdinand
Oliver Camroux and George Oliver, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Ferdinand Oliver Camroux
and George Oliver, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING OR REDUCING
STONES, AND FOR CRUSHING QUARTZ OR SCHIST, BONES, EMERY, ORES, AND ALL
MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Ferdinand Oliver Camroux and George Oliver, or
one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Ferdinand Oliver Camroux and
George Oliver, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in a peculiar construction, arrangement, and
combination of mechanism to be driven by steam or other power for
breaking or crushing stones for road metal, or other purposes, and for
crushing quartz or schist, bones, emery, ores, and all mineral and other
substances.
The machinery or apparatus consists essentially of a pair of discs with
either conical, concave, or other shaped faces, the same faces being
either plain or corrugated, or with V shaped grooves or teeth radiating
from the centre or diamond or indented surfaces. The discs are set at

page_text: an angle and revolve face to face in the same or opposite directions.
The distance apart may be varied according to the fineness to which the
substance is required to be reduced. To prevent the rapid wearing of
these faces they should be made of hard iron and be well chilled, or be
made in segments of iron or steel or any other metal, and moveable on
the faces of the discs, so that they can be replaced when needing repairs.
The acting surfaces of the above-mentioned dises are so placed one
towards the other that whilst the space between them at the top where
the stones or other hard substances are introduced is sufficiently large
to receive them, the space at the bottom is only sufficiently large to
allow the fragments to pass through after they have been-crushed-or-
broken to the required size; these discs are enclosed in a case to prevent
the dust or dirt from escaping and interfering with the working of the
machinery, the substances required to be crushed being introduced
through a hopper at the top and delivered through a spout underneath.
It is also proposed to combine with this machine a screen for
separating the fragments into two or more sizes, or we place below
rollers to receive the materials after being crushed by the discs. The
material after passing through the rollers can be reduced to any
fineness.
The Invention will be well understood by referring to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the following detailed description thereof.
Figure 1 is an elevation of a machine in its complete form as we
propose to construct it, and Figure 2 is a plan view, shewing more
clearly the gearing by which the discs are driven, while Figure 3 is a
transverse section of the upper part of the casing.
A, A, is a strong metal frame supported upon standards B, B, the
frame had bearings fitted to it for carrying two transverse shafts, one of
which C has the fast and loose pullies D and E and the fly wheel F for
maintaining the power and speed in the usual manner keyed upon it;
it has likewise a pinion G near the pulley end for communicating the
necessary motion through the spur wheel to the intermediate shaft I,
on which two skew or angle toothed pinions J, K, are mounted; these
drive the wheels L, M, of the disc shafts, both of which are set at an
angle for bringing the lower face of the cones close to each other for
operating upon the material which falls down between them. The disc
shafts can be adjusted by the set screws O, P, to suit the different sizes
of material crushed. The discs may be as before stated either plain on

page_text: the working faces, as shewn, or they may be fluted, ribbed, corrugated,
or cut in any other form as desired.
We have shewn the wheels Land M. of corresponding sizes in diameter,
so that both discs are moved at the same speed and in the same direction,
but by placing a smaller wheel on one of them and a larger pinion on
the shaft I to gear into it, that disc would run at a different speed,
whereby the discs would more effectively operate upon the material than
if the two discs ran at the same speed. The discs are enclosed in a
casing or jacket Q, made preferably in two pieces, and firmly bolted
together for preventing the spread of the dust and for directing the
material into and between the faces of the discs; the upper part of it is
provided with a hopper R by which the material is fed into the casing,
while the lower part is formed with a spout or shoot S for delivering it
into boxes or other receptacles placed beneath. The hopper may be
open, or it may be fitted with agitators, which would cause the material
to fall in regular quantities into the casing, and thus prevent clogging
or jamming. In many cases it would be essential that the discs should
revolve in opposite directions, and for that purpose one of their pinions
would gear into a pinion placed between it and the skew wheel J or K,
as the case may be.
After the material has been crushed and reduced to fine particles
between the discs, but not of sufficient fineness for the purpose required,
a pair of rolls may be arranged under the spout S, so that they may act
upon it and reduce it to powder. The employment of the rolls will only
be necessary for such materials as require to be reduced to fine dust,
such as emery or bones.
In the Drawings we have shewn both the discs as conical; but we do
not confine ourselves to making them of that shape as they may be
concave or of any other form that will admit of them being placed and
worked at an angle.
Sieves or screens may be used in connection with the machine for
dividing the particles into different degrees of fineness or size.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our
Invention, the general construction and arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for breaking or reducing stones, and for crushing quartz,
schist, bones, emery, ores, and all mineral and other substances, in the
manner described and shewn.

page_text: Secondly. We claim the placing of discs of a conical, concave, or
other similar form, at an angle in the manner and for the purposes
hercin-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Oliver Camroux, for
myself and on behalf of the said George Oliver, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of August One thousand
eight hundred and seventy.