Year: 1888

page_text: [Communicated from abroad by WILLIAM HUGHSON GOLDING, of Boston, Massa-
chusetts, United States of America, Manufacturer of Printing Machinery.]
I, THOMAS NIGHTINGALE PALMER of 62 Lansdowne Road, Dalston, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent. Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
-
This invention bas relation to a machine for cutting or mitreing printers' rules and
leads, and the invention refers more particularly to that particular form of such
machines in which is employed a bed, provided with means for holding the rule, and
a cutter for severing or mitrcing the rule while on the bed and means for controling
the depth of cut made in the rule.
Among the objects of my invention, are, to provide a rigid, fixed bed; means for
firmly securing a rule thereon so that neither the bed or rule is liable to move during
the operation of cutting the same; to construct and arrange a cutter-controlling
mechanism which shall be positive in its operation and have the most immediate and
accurate government of the depth of the cut; to provide a strong serviceable
adjustable and accurate mechanism for holding the cutting tool, and a gauge for
determining different lengths of rules. Other objects and advantages of my invention
will appear in the following description.
I provide a suitable base or frame-work adapted by certain features of construction
hereinafter described, for the reception and operation of the moving parts of the
machine. At one end, extending across the frame-work, and formed as a part thereof,
is the rule bed, which is provided at its front and rear edges with guide flanges
respectively, both of which are notched or cut away to permit the passage of the
cutting tool, as will hereinafter appear. At one end of the rule bed and extending in
line therewith, is a gauge support which terminates at one end in the form of a bracket,
and is secured to the rule bed by a screw or bolt. The upper surface of the gauge
support is grooved for the reception of a gauge rod, as is also that portion of the
rule bed adjacent to the gauge support. The outer end of the gauge-rod support is pro-
vided with one or more set-screws, which serves the purpose of retaining the gauge-
rod within the groove, so that the inner end of the said gauge-rod shall be a desired
distance from the cutting line of the rule-bed and thus serve to determine the length
of a rule after it is mitred. The gauge-rod is provided on its upper surface with a
scale of Pica divisions, and along the scale is a series of properly spaced indentations
or holes, adapted to receive a pin.

page_text: A supplementary scale-plate is provided, the front edge of which is provided with a
series of notches, having such relation to the indentations or apertures of the gauge-
rod as to sub-divide the measurements thereof, when a pin, as above mentioned, is
inserted in any one of the holes of the gauge-rod, and is moved from one notch to
the other of the supplementary gauge-plate; in other words, a movement of the
gauge-rod from one of the apertures or holes, to another, makes a difference of one
Pica in length of the rule being mitred; while the difference in length of such a rule,
caused by moving the pin from one notch to another of the supplementary gauge-plate
is a Nonpariel. By the provision of the supplementary gauge, finer and sub-divisions
are possible, and with greater accuracy than when attempted by merely a sight
measurement with the gauge-rod alone.
My rule-clamp consists of a relatively fixed jaw, which is bifurcated, forming two
binding arms, which arms are each grooved to ride the front flange of the rule-bed.
Said front flange is provided with two forwar.lly projecting lugs, which assist in
determining the proper position of the clamp on the rule-bed in order that the tool
may reciprocate between the bifurcations thereof, and without coming into contact
therewith. The fixed jaw of the clamp is also bifurcated at its lower end, for
the reception of a moveable jaw which is pivoted within said lower bifurcations.
The outer end of the moveable jaw is provided with a binding screw, which takes
hearing upon the portion of the fixed jaw between the bifurcations thereof, which
portion is preferably inclined to form a bearing surface at substantially a right angle
to the binding screw.
When the bearing arms of the clamp rest upon the rule, the pivoted jaw of the
clamp may be forced into contact with the under surface of the rule-bed, by means of
the binding screw, so as to firmly hold the clamp and rule in a desired position. In
order to remove the clamp, the binding screw is loosened and the moveable jaw
is swing away from the rule-bed, when the clamp may be bodily removed from
the bed.
In actual practice, however, it is unnecessary to completely separate the clamp
from the rule-bed, as when the clamp is merely loosened, a lead can be moved
lengthwise along the bed, to bring a new point thereof to the cutting line of the
machine.
The supplementary gauge-plate is supported pivotally by screws, mounted in
brackets, formed on the gauge-rod support, so that said plate may be swung upwardly
and away from over the gauge-rod so as to bring a pin in any of the holes of the rod,
opposite any one of the notches in the plate, and said plate may be turned completely
away from the rod, so as not to interfere with any desired adjustment of the same
independent of said plate.
Within the base or frame-work, and along each side thereof, there are formed
tracks or ways, on which a carriage, is mounted for reciprocation. A gib, is, or may
be, fitted, at one edge of the carriage, which, in connection with screws, mounted in said
edge of the carriage, may be employed for the purpose of rendering the fit of
the carriage within the ways accurate, and for the purpose of taking up the wear
of these parts.
The said carriage is provided near its front end with two upwardly projecting
bosses, from one to the other of which there extends a rod or shaft, on which
there is pivotally mounted a connecting rod, which terminates in the form of an
eccentric strap, or, in other words, a ring, adapted to embrace an eccentric.
The form of the connecting rod, in this latter respect, may be varied, to adapt
it to be operated by a crank arin, instead of an eccentric, if desired, however, to secure
accuracy and smoothness of movement, as well as for the purpose of obtaining
a powerful reciprocation of the carriage and of the parts connected therewith, the
eccentric form is preferable.
The eccentric with which the connecting rod is connected, is mounted upon the
main shaft, which is provided with a hand wheel, and which has its bearings formed as
a part of the frame-work of the machine.
At the rear end of the carriage there are formed two transversely opposite, slotted,

page_text: standards. Within these slotted standards are arranged the rearward extensions, of
the tool carrier, so that while the tool carrier is reciprocated by and with the carriage,
it shall also be capable of vertical movement at its free end.
The front end of the tool carrier is provided with two projecting lugs, on the faces
of which is supported a clamping bar, by means of screw, seated in the lugs. Between
the said lugs is arranged the cutter hereinafter described. The tool carrier, has, at
each side, depending flanges. Each of these lateral flanges is perforated and threaded
for the reception of a screw, which projects into a washer or wearing-plate, arranged
between the flange and the standard or upwardly projecting boss of the carriage.
A set-nut serves to maintain the screw in any desired adjustment.
There being a wearing-plate, and its accessories, at each side of the tool-carrier,
it can be seen that the bosses or standards of the carriage serve to steadily
maintain the tool-carrier against any lateral vibration, during the cutting operation.
Apertures are formed in the top of the tool-carrier, to give access to the screws
or pins, which are, or may be, employed for retaining the shaft or rod on which
the connecting rod is mounted against longitudinal movements in the standard or
bosses of the carriage. The ends of this shaft may terminate flush with the outer
surfaces of the bosses or standards, or inside thereof but may not project there-
from, as such projections would interfere with the operations of the wearing-plates.
A screw is seated in the upper end of each of the cutters and near the rear side
thereof, so that the head of said screw shall project over the tool-carrier which, in this
instance, is provided with a semi-circular, flat-bottomed recess, within which the screw
head projects. The object of this screw is to facilitate a fine adjustment of the cutter
vertically in the tool-carrier, which may be accomplished by relieving in a slight
degree, the pressure of the clamping bar and turning the screw, in one direction to
raise the tool, and in an opposite direction to determine the limit of a downward
adjustment thereof.
Each of the cutters consists of a rectangular bar of steel having a semi-circular or
other shaped groove formed across its face, and having its end bevelled at each side,
at one of the several angles necessary to produce in a rule cut thereby such a disposition
of the end as it is required in printing rules giving impressions of borders having a
different number of sides. For example the tool may be bevelled to produce the
joints of rules employed in forming a square border or a figure having four sides.
Or it may be bevelled to produce rules employed in figures having six or eight sides.
These tools are capable of use, as will hereinafter appear, in mitreing leads by the
contact of one or both of the bevelled faces of the cutter, so that the adjacent faces of
a mitre joint in a rule may be produced either by a single cutting operation of
the machine through a single rnle, or by separate cutting operations, upon separate
rules, as desired.
The tool-carrier is perforated for the passage of a depressing bolt, which, in this
instance is retained in connection with the carrier by a pin, passing through the bolt,
and bearing upon the upper surface of the carrier. The lower end of the depressing
bolt, is provided with a lateral projecting lug, which takes bearing upon or against
the under surface of a cam, pivoted on a stud, screw-threaded into the bottom of the
carriage a spring encircles the depressing bolt and bears at one end against the
underside of the tool-carrier and at the other upon the carriage through which the rod
passes, an aperture therefor being formed in the carriage.
The said cam is provided at its periphery with a continuous series of ratchet teeth
and a pawl is pivotally mounted on the arm of a bell-crank lever which is mounted on
the same stud as the cain.
A spring encircles the stud and is fixed at one end of a pin projecting therefrom,
while its opposite end takes bearing on the longer arm of the bell-crank lever.
Another spring keeps the free end of the pawl in contact with the ratchet teeth,
while the first mentioned spring, serves to give a backward movement to the pawl,
over said ratchet teeth.
The bell-crank lever projects beneath the outside of the frame-work, so that it may be,

page_text: when desired, operated by hand; otherwise it comes into contact during a backward
movement of the carriage against the side wall of the frame.
If it be desired to produce a longer oscillation of the bell-crank lever, I have pro-
vided a latch, pivoted, to the frame work, so as to permit of its upper end being thrown
forward, into the path of the lever. A projection on the latch abuts against the
lower edge of the depending flange or side wall of the frame work and thus
maintain the latch in a horizontal position, when thrown either to the front or
to the rear.
Apertures are formed in the bottom of the frame-work for the reception of bolts or
screws, serving to secure the machine upon a bench or table.
A strip of brass or other material is inserted in the bed, and at the cutting line thereof,
so that in case that portion of the bed becomes marred or injured by the cutter, a new
strip may be insorted.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-I deem it proper to state here that in
producing the mitre joints of printers rules, it is essential that the faces of the joints
should be free perfectly from any protuberances and the edges of the joints free from
any fins or projections. In order to produce a smooth surface, there must not be the
slightest jar or vibration of the cutting tool, and on the other hand, the rule being cut
must be held firmly against vibration or trembling during the cutting operation.
It is also apparent that the cutting line must be at a true right angle to the edges of the
Tute, and must not vary during the cutting operation. All of these requisites are
necessitated from the fact that the slightest variation therefrom-produces at the joints of
the rules an opening or other irregularity, which will appear in each impression
taken therefrom.
A rule having been placed on the bed, and against, preferably, its front flange, and
the clamp having been secured as hereinbefore described, the length of the rule having
also been determined by the heroinbefore described gauge-rod with or without the
supplementary scale-plate, motion is imparted to the hand wheel, and is conveyed to
the carriage by the connecting rod, so that said carriage, the tool and the tool-carrier,
and the lowering cam connected therewith are all reciprocated for a distance somewhat
greater than the width of the bed.
At each backward movement of the tool-carrier, the bell-crank lever abuts against
the framework and thus is made to move the cam the distance of, for example,
a single tooth of the ratchet thereon, or the distance may be increased as herein-
before described.
When
As the cam is rotated the stud on the depressing bolt is gradually depressed
and carries with it the said bolt, which in turn depresses the tool-carrier and
the tool, and thus the cutter is lowered for a fresh cut across the rule.
the rule is very nearly or completely severed the stud on the depressing bolt is
by the spring encircling the said bolt lifted upwardly off from the highest point of the
cam to its lowest point and the cutter is in position to begin a second operation at
another point upon the rule.
Now it will be observed that where the cut is made intermediate the ends of a rule,
the adjacent faces will be adapted to form the joint of a 4, 6, 8 or other number of
sides in a border, in accordance with the angle of the bevelled sides of the tool or
cutter. So also, it is apparent that the end of a rule may be arranged in proximity to
the cutting line of the machine so that but one of the bevelled sides of the tool shall
be brought into operation.
By reason of the transverse groove in the tool the face below said tool may be ground
in the act of sharpening the same so as to maintain the tool in good condition without
grinding either of the bevelled sides thereof.
I have hereinbefore spoken of the construction and operation of my machine in
connection with printers' rules. It is to be understood that the same is adapted for,
and capable of, cutting printers' leads and I therefore use these terms synonymously.
Dated 3rd day of Marah A D 1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Cutting or Mitreing Printers' Rules
and Leads.
I THOMAS NIGHTINGALE PALMER of 62 Lansdowne Road, Dalston London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this
specification:-
This invention has relation to a machine for cutting or mitreing printers' rules and
leads, and the invention refers more particularly to that particular form of such
machines, in which is employed a bed, provided with means for holding the rule, and
a cutter for severing or mitreing the rule while on the bed, and means for controlling
the depth of the cut made in the rule.
Among the objects of my invention, are, to provide a rigid, fixed bed; means for
firmly securing a rule thereon, so that neither the bed or rule is liable to move during
the operation of cutting the same; to construct and arrange a cutter controlling
mechanism, which shall be positive in its operation, and have the most immediate and
accurate government of the depth of the cut to provide a strong, serviceable,
adjustable and accurate mechanism for holding the cutting-tool, and a gauge for
determining different lengths of rules.
Other objects and advantages of my invention will appear in the following
description, and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out in the
claims.
Referring to the drawings:-
Figure 1 is a top plan of the rule cutter, embodying my invention, a portion of the
gauge and its support being broken off, and represented detached.
Figure 2 is a substantially central vertical, longitudinal section of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a bottom plan of the machine.
Figure 4 is a plan of the reciprocating tool-carrying carriage.
Figure 5 is a vertical partial transverse section, on the line x of Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a side elevation of my rule clamp; and
Figure 7 represents different forms of cutters, in front elevation.
Like letters indicate like parts in all the figures.
A represents a suitable base or framework, adapted by certain features of construc-
tion, hereinafter described, for the reception and operation of the moving parts of the
machine. At one end, extending across the frame-work, and formed as a part thereof,
is the rule-bed A' which is provided at its front and rear edges with guide flanges A³ A³
respectively, both of which are notched or cut away to permit the passage of the
cutting tool, as will hereinafter appear. At one end of the bed and extending in line
therewith is a gauge support, B which terminates at one end in the form of a bracket B¹
(see Figure 3), and is secured to the bed by a screw or bolt B². The upper surface
of the gauge support is grooved as at B³, for the reception of the gauge rod C, as is
also that portion of the bed adjacent to the gauge support. The outer end of the

page_text: gange-rod support is provided with one or more set screws B' which serves the purpose
of retaining the gauge within the groove B3 so that the inner end of the said gauge
rod shall be a desired distance from the cutting line of the bed and thus serve to
determine the length of a rule after it is mitred. The gauge rod C is provided on
its upper surface with a scale C of Pica divisions, and along the scale is a series of
properly spaced indentations or holes, adapted to receive a pin similar to the set-
screw B though not necessarily threaded.
D represents a supplementary scale-plate the front edge of which is provided with
a series of notches Di having such relation to the indentations or apertures of the
gauge-rod, as to subdivide the measurements thereof, when a pin, such as above
mentioned is inserted in any one of the hcles of the gauge-rod, and is removed from
one notch to the other of the supplementary gauge-plate; in other words, a move-
ment of the gauge-rod from one of the apertures or holes C2 to another, makes a
difference of one Pica in length of the rule being mitred; while the difference in
length of such a rule, caused by moving the pin from one notch to another of the
supplementary gauge-plate is a Nonpariel. By the provision of the supplementary
gauge, finer and sub-divisions are possible, and with greater accuracy than when
attempted by merely a sight measurement with the gauge-rod alone.
My rule-clamp is shown in plan in Figure 1, in side elevation and detached in
Figure 6, and in Figure 2 side elevation in position on the bed, and on a rule 1
arranged-on-the-bed. The dotted line, Figure 2 represents the position assumed by
the moveable jaw of the clamp, in the act of removing same from the bed. My clamp
consists of a relatively fixed jaw, which is bifurcated, forming two binding arms E
which arms are each grooved as at E2, to ride the front flange A2 of the bed. Said
front flange is provided with two forwardly projecting lugs A, A which assist in
determining the proper position of the clamp on the bed, in order that the tool may
reciprocate between the bifurcations thereof, and without coming into contact there-
with. The fixed jaw of the clamp is also bifurcated at its lower end, for the
reception of the moveable jaw E3 which is pivotted as at E within said lower
bifurcations.
The outer end of the moveable jaw is provided with a binding screw E which takes
bearing upon the portion of the fixed jaw between the bifurcations thereof, which
portion is preferably inclined as at E to form a bearing surface at substantially a right
angle to the binding screw.
It will be apparent that when the bearing arms El of the clamp rest upon the rule 1
as shown in figure 2 that the pivotted jaw of the clamp may be forced into contact
with the under surface of the bed, by means of the binding screw E³, so as to firmly
hold the clamp and rule in a desired position. In order to remove the clamp,
the binding screw is loosened, and it and the moveable jaw is swung into the
position indicated by dotted lines in figure 2, when the clamp may be bodily removed
from the bed.
In actual practice, however, it is unnecessary to completely separate the clamp from
the bed, as when the clamp is merely loosened a lead can be moved lengthwise along
the bed, to bring a new point thereof to the cutting line of the machine.
The supplementary gauge-plate D it will be observed, is supported pivotally by the
screws D² mounted in brackets B' formed on the gauge-rod support B, so that said
plate may be swung upwardly, and away from over the gauge-rod, so as to bring a
pin in any of the holes of the rod, opposite any one of the notches in the plate, and
said plate may be turned completely away from the rod, so as not to interfere with any
desired adjustment of the same independent of said plate.
Within the frame-work A and along each side thereof, there are formed tracks or
ways A (see figure 5) on which a carriage F is mounted for reciprocation. A gib A'
is, or may be, fitted at one edge of the carriage, which, in connection with the
Screws A mounted in said edge of the carriage, may be employed for the purpose of
rendering the fit of the carriage within the ways accurate, and for the purpose of
taking up the wear of these parts.
In this instance my frame-work is formed as a single casting, and for that reason, the

page_text: provision of the gauge, and means for attaching the same are preferably separate
pieces and simply require fitting the parts to each other.
The carriage F is provided near its front end with two upwardly projecting
bosses from one to the other of which there, extends a rod or shaft F2, on
which there is pivotally mounted a connecting rod G, which terminates at G¹
in the form of an eccentric strap, or, in other words, a ring, adapted to embrace
an eccentric.
It is apparent, or it will hereinafter appear, that the form of the connecting rod, in
this latter respect, may be varied, to adapt it to be operated by a crank arm, instead
of an eccentric, if desired, however, to secure accuracy and smoothness of movement,
as well as for the purpose of obtaining a powerful reciprocation of the carriage and
of the parts connected therewith, the eccentric form is preferable.
The eccentric H, with which the rod G is connected, is mounted upon the main
shaft H which is provided with a hand wheel H2 and which has it bearings formed
as a part of the frame-work A.
At the rear end of the carriage there are formed two transversely opposite, slotted,
standards F3. Within these slotted standards are arranged the rearward exten-
sions 1, 12 of the tool carrier I, so that while the tool carrier is reciprocated
by and with the carriage F it shall also be capable of vertical movement at its
free end.
The front end of the tool carrier is provided with two projecting lugs 13 (figure 1)
on the faces of which is supported a clamping bar 14 by means of screws 15 seated in
the lugs. Between the lugs is arranged the cutter J hereinafter described. The tool
carrier 1 has at cach side, depending flanges 1" (see figures 2 and 5). Each of theso
lateral flanges is perforated and threaded for the reception of a screw, 17 which
projects into a washer plate I arranged between the flange and the standard Fi
of the carriage F. A set-nut [ serves to maintain the screw in any desired
adjustment.
There being a wearing-plate 18 and its accessories, at each side of the tool-carrier,
it can be seen that the standards F¹ serve to steadily maintain the tool-carrier against
any lateral vibration, during the cutting operation.
Apertures 10 are formed in the top of the tool-carrier, to give access to the screws
or pins F4 which are, or may be, employed for retaining the shaft or rod F2
The ends of this shaft may
against longitudinal movements in the standards F¹.
terminate flush with the outer surfaces of the standards, or inside thereof, but may
not project therefrom, as such projections would interfere with the operations of the
wearing-plates 18.
A scrow J¹ is seated in the upper end of each of the cutters J and near the rear
side thereof, so that the head of said screw shall project over the tool-carrier, which,
in this instance, is provided with a semi-circular, flat-bottomed recess I" within
which the screw head projects. The object of this screw is to facilitate a fine adjust-
ment of the cutter vertically in the tool-carrier, which may be accomplished by
relieving, in a slight degree, the pressure of the clamping bar I and turning the
screw J in one direction to raise the tool, and in an opposite direction to determino
the limit of a downward adjustment thereof.
Each of the cutters consists of a rectangular bar of steel, having a semi-circular
or other shaped groove J2 formed across its face, and having its end bevelled at each
side, at one of the several angles necessary to produce in a rule cut thereby, such a
disposition of the end as it is required in printing rules giving impressions of borders
having a different number of sides. For example, the tool J at the left of figure 7
is bevelled to produce the joints of rules employed in forming a square border, or a
figure having four sides.
The cutter represented at the middle of figure 7 is bevelled to produce rules
employed in figures having six sides, and that at the right of figure 7 figures having
eight sides. These tools are capable of use, as will hereinafter appear in mitreing
leads by the contact of one or both of the bevelled faces of the cutter, so that the
adjacent faces of a mitre-joint in a rule, may be produced either by a single cutting

page_text: operation of the machine through a single rule, or by separate cutting operations,
upon separate rules, as desired.
The tool-carrier is perforated for the passage of a depressing bolt K which, in this
instance, is retained in connection with the carrier by a pin K' passing through the
bolt K, and bearing upon the upper surface of the carrier. The lower end of the
bolt K is provided with a lateral, projecting lug K2, which takes bearing upon or
against the under surface of a cam L pivotted on a stud L¹ screw-threaded into the
bottom of the carriage F, as clearly shown in figure 2. K³ is a spring encircling
the bolt K and bearing at one end against the under side of the tool-carrier, and al
the other upon the carriage through which the rod passes, an aperture F* therefore
being formed in the carriage as shown in figure 4.
The cam L is provided at its periphery, with a continuous series of ratchet teeth L²,
and a pawl L is pivotally mounted on the arm M¹ of a bell-crank lever M which is
mounted on the stud L.
A spring N encircles the stud, and is fixed at one end of a pin, I projecting
therefrom, while its opposite end takes bearing on the longer arm of the bell-crank
lever as clearly shown in Figure 3. A spring N¹ serves to keep the free end of
the pawl in contact with the ratchet-teeth, while the spring N serves to give a back-
ward movement to the pawl, over said ratchet teeth.
The lever M projects beneath the outside of the frame work A. so that it may be,
when desired, operated by hand; otherwise, it comes into contact during a
backward movement of the carriage-F-against the side wall of the frame, as at A10.
Now if it be desired to produce a longer oscillation of the lever I have provided
a latch O pivotted as at O' to the frame A, so as to permit of its upper end being
thrown forward as shown by dotted lines 02 into the path of the lever. A projec-
tion O on the latch abuts against the lower edge of the depending flange A10,
and
thus maintains the latch in a horizontal position when thrown either to the front or
to the rear as shown in dotted and in full lines respectively in Figure 3.
Apertures A are formed in the bottom of the frame-work for the reception of bolts
or screws, serving to secure the machine upon a bench or table.
A strip P of brass or other material, (see Figures 1 and 2), is inserted in
the bed, and at the cutting line thereof, so that in case that portion of the bed becomes
marred or injured by the cutter, a new strip may be inserted.
This being the construction, the operation of the machine is as follows :-
I deem it proper to state here that in producing the mitre joints of printers' rules,
it is essential that the faces of the joints should be free perfectly from any protuber-
ances, and the edges of the joints free from any fins or projections. In order to
produce a smooth surface, there must not be the slightest jar or vibration of the
cutting tool, and, on the other hand, the rule being cut must be held firmly against
vibration or trembling during the cutting operation.
It is also apparent that the cutting line must be at a true right angle to the edges
of the rule, and must not vary during the cutting operation. All of these requisites
are necessitated from the fact that the slightest variation therefrom, produces at the
joints of the rules an opening, or other irregularity, which will appear in each
impression taken therefrom.
A rule having been placed on the bed, and against, preferably, its front flange, and
the clamp having been secured, as herein before described the length of the rule having
also been determined by the hereinbefore described gauge-rod, with or without the
supplementary plate D motion is imparted to the hand wheel H2 and is conveyed to the
carriage F by the connecting rod G so that said carriage, the tool and the tool-carrier,
and the lowering cam connected therewith, are all reciprocated for a distance somewhat
greater than the width of the bed.
At each backward movement of the carrier, the lever M, abuts against the frame-
work, and thus is made to move the cam L the distance of, for example, a single
tooth of the ratchet thereon, or the distance may be increased as hereinbefore
described.
As the cam is rotated, the stud K2 is gradually depressed, and carries with it, the

page_text: bolt K which, in turn, depresses the tool-carrier and the tool, and thus the cutter is
lowered for a fresh cut across the rule. When the rule is very nearly or completely
severed, the lug K2 is by the spring K³ lifted upwardly off from the highest point L*
of the cam, to its lowest point, and the cutter is in position to begin a second opera-
tion at another point upon the rule.
Now it will be observed, that where the cut is made intermediate the ends of a rule,
the adjacent faces will be adapted to form the joint of a 4, 6 8 or other number of
sides in a border, in accordance with the angle of the bevelled sides of the tool or
cutter. So, also, it is apparent that the end of a rule may be arranged in proximity
to the cutting line of the machine so that but one of the bevelled sides of the tool
shall be brought into operation.
By reason of the transverse groove J in the tool, the face below said tool may be
ground in the act of sharpening the same, so as to maintain the tool in good condition,
without grinding either of the bevelled sides thereof.
I have hereinbefore spoken of the construction and operation of my machine
in connection with printers' rules. It is to be understood that the same is
adapted for, and capable of, cutting printers' leads, and I therefore use these terms
synonymously.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
First In a machine for cutting printers' rules, a fixed bed, provided with means
for retaining the rules thereon, in combination with a reciprocating tool-carriage, a
pivotted carrier mounted thereon and means for gradually depressing the latter during
the operation of cutting, substantially as specified.
Second-In a machine for cutting printers' rules, a fixed bed, in combination
with a reciprocating carriage, a pivotted tool carrier, and tool depressing cam mounted
on the carriage and connected to the carrier, and means for rotating the cam, substan-
tially as specified.
Third :—In a machine for cutting printers' rules, a fixed bed, in combination with a
reciprocating tool carrier mounted upon the reciprocating carriage, a cam rotatably
mounted on said carriage and connected with the tool carrier, and means for rotating
the cam, substantially as specified.
Fourth In a machine for cutting printers' rules, a reciprocating carriage, a rod
connected to the carriage and operated by an eccentric, means for rotating the eccentric,
a tool carrier pivotted at one end of the carriage, and means for depressing the tool
and carrier arranged in front of its pivot, and connected with the carriage, substan-
tially as specified.
Fifth In a machine for cutting printers' rules, a reciprocating pivotally mounted
tool carrier, a rod depending therefrom, a cam having connections with the rod, and
mechanism for rotating the cam, substantially as specified.
Sixth In a machine for cutting printers' rules, a tool carrier pivotted to a
reciprocating carriage, and having between its pivotted and free ends a supporting
spring, and a rod, having contact with a cam connected with the carriage, and provided
with a ratchet, and a ratchet-operating lever projecting outside of the carriage,
and a stop or projection arranged in the path of the lever, substantially as
specified.
Seventh-In a machine for cutting printers' rules, a reciprocating carriage,
having lugs at ono end and standards at the opposite end thereof, in combination
with a tool carrier having rearward bifurcations pivotted to the standards, a connecting
rod arranged between the bifurcations pivotted to the lugs and means for reciprocating
the connecting rod, substantially as specified.
Eighth In a machine for cutting printers' rules, a carriage, and rotatable cam,
in combination with a bifurcated pivotted tool carrier, a connecting rod, a carrier-
supporting spring, and a rod extending from the carrier to the cam, substantially as
specified.

page_text: Ninth In combination with the bed and cutter of a machine for cutting printers'
rules and with the gauge-rod thereof, of a supplementary pivotted gauge plate,
substantially as specified.
Tenth A clamp for a machine for cutting printers' rules, comprising a curved
flat faced recessed jaw, provided with a binding screw, substantially as specified.
Eleventh-The combination with a reciprocating carriage, having lugs thereon,
as described, and a pivotted tool carrier, having lateral flanges adapted to embrace
said lugs, substantially as specified.
:-
Twelfth The combination with a reciprocating carriage, having lugs and
standards, of a pivotted tool carrier mounted in the standards and having depending
lateral flanges and adjustable wearing plates arranged between the flanges and the
lugs, substantially as specified.
Thirteenth-In combination with the gauge rod, a supplementary gauge-plate
mounted upon threaded pivots, whereby the same may be adjusted longitudinally
with relation to the gauge rod used in connection therewith, substantially as
specified.